Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A sequential algorithm for training text classifiers: corrigendum and additional data

At ACM SIGIR '94, I compared the effectiveness of uncertainty sampling with that of random sampling and relevance sampling in choosing training data for a text categorization data set [1]. (Relevance sampling is the application of relevance feedback [3] to producing a training sample.) I have discovered a bug in my experimental software which caused the relevance sampling results reported in the SIGIR '94 paper to be incorrect. (The uncertainty sampling and random sampling results in that paper were correct.) I have since fixed the bug and rerun the experiments. This note presents the corrected results, along with additional data supporting the original claim that uncertainty sampling has an advantage over relevance sampling in most training situations.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of MNKs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways are key signaling cascades involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The oncogenic activity of eIF4E driven by the Mnk kinases is a convergent determinant of the two cascades, suggesting that targeting the Mnk/eIF4E axis may provide therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of cancer. Herein, a potent and selective Mnk2 inhibitor (MNKI-85) and a dual-specific Mnk1 and Mnk2 inhibitor (MNKI-19), both derived from a thienopyrimidinyl chemotype, were selected to explore their antileukemic properties. MNKI-19 and MNKI-85 are effective in inhibiting the growth of AML cells that possess an M5 subtype with FLT3-internal tandem duplication mutation. Further mechanistic studies show that the downstream effects with respect to the selective Mnk1/2 kinase inhibition in AML cells causes G1 cell cycle arrest followed by induction of apoptosis. MNKI-19 and MNKI-85 demonstrate similar Mnk2 kinase activity and cellular antiproliferative activity but exhibit different time-dependent effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Collectively, this study shows that pharmacologic inhibition of both Mnk1 and Mnk2 can result in a more pronounced cellular response than targeting Mnk2 alone. However, MNKI-85, a first-in-class inhibitor of Mnk2, can be used as a powerful pharmacologic tool in studying the Mnk2/eIF4E-mediated tumorigenic mechanism. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the inhibition of AML cell growth by Mnk inhibitors and suggests their potential utility as a therapeutic agent for AML.
Understanding, assessing, and intervening in the spiritual nature of medical events: theological and theoretical perspectives

ABSTRACT That professional spiritual care practitioners are required to work in and communicate in secular healthcare is an increasing reality in this profession. However, the theological nature of spiritual care practitioners’ work does not always lend itself to easy translation into terms standard to healthcare. This is in part due to healthcare’s universal dependence on empirical science to determine its norms of care. Spiritual care practitioners therefore need to find ways to describe and justify their practices for other healthcare professionals. This article seeks to do precisely this by articulating a philosophical theory about the spiritual nature of medical events. This article furthermore develops a clinical tool for assessing a client’s progress in integrating the event into the fabric of their life. The result is there is now a way forward for understanding spiritual care practitioners’ theological work in secular contexts.
The effect of red wine on plasma leptin levels and vasoactive factors from adipose tissue: a randomized crossover trial.

AIMS It has been reported that alcohol has multiple effects on appetite. To elucidate potential mechanisms we measured the levels of plasma leptin and the vasoactive factors after red wine intake. METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover trial to study the effect of red wine on the levels of leptin, TNF-alpha, TGF- beta(1), IL-6, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in healthy, non-smoking individuals. The subjects were randomized to drinking one glass of red wine (150 ml, 15 g alcohol) every day ('wine period') or to undergo a period of total abstention from alcohol ('abstention period'). After 3 weeks they switched the intervention group. Eighty-seven volunteers completed the study (mean age 50 years). RESULTS After 3 weeks' daily intake of red wine, plasma leptin was significantly increased (from 6308 pg/ml to 7402 pg/ml, P = 0.05). There was a marked gender difference, as leptin levels increased only in females (P = 0.012). When calculated as leptin/body mass index (BMI) ratio, the trend and results were similar. Red wine consumption had no significant effect on other vasoactive factors measured in this study. CONCLUSION Red wine increases levels of the appetite-regulating hormone leptin in females, but not in males. Whether red wine has an effect on appetite-regulation in its own right, remains to be solved.
Effects of D- and L-glucose and mannitol on retinal capillary cells: Inhibition by nanomolar aminoguanidine

Hyperglycemia may contribute directly to pericyte loss and capillary leakage in early diabetic retinopathy. To elucidate relative contributions of glycation, glycoxidation, sugar autoxidation, osmotic stress and metabolic effects in glucose-mediated capillary damage, we tested the effects of D-glucose, L-glucose, mannitol and the potentially protective effects of aminoguanidine on cultured bovine retinal capillary pericytes and endothelial cells. Media (containing 5 mM D-glucose) were supplemented to increase the concentration of each sugar by 5, 10, or 20 mM. Subconfluent pericytes and endothelial cells were exposed to the supplemented media in the presence or absence of aminoguanidine (1 nM-100 µM) for three days. Cell counts, viability and protein were determined. For both cell types, all three sugars produced concentration-dependent decreases in cell counts and protein content (p
Termination Of Linear Programs

Many real-time applications have linear programs, which can get a variety of inputs in different situations. It is possible that some of these are “bad” inputs which cause unexpected failures like non-termination of the program. Such instances can lead to disastrous consequences and the programs must be verified to ensure that they either terminate or the inputs under which they don’t terminate are unreachable. We will show that certain questions are decidable and algorithms have been developed for them. We will then proceed to analyse another type of program which has no decidable algorithm yet. We will break it down into solved cases and then pose an interesting open problem for future work.
Validation of NOViSE

The goal of this study was to establish face, content, and construct validity of NOViSE—the first force-feedback enabled virtual reality (VR) simulator for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Fourteen surgeons and surgical trainees performed 3 simulated hybrid transgastric cholecystectomies using a flexible endoscope on NOViSE. Four of them were classified as “NOTES experts” who had independently performed 10 or more simulated or human NOTES procedures. Seven participants were classified as “Novices” and 3 as “Gastroenterologists” with no or minimal NOTES experience. A standardized 5-point Likert-type scale questionnaire was administered to assess the face and content validity. NOViSE showed good overall face and content validity. In 14 out of 15 statements pertaining to face validity (graphical appearance, endoscope and tissue behavior, overall realism), ≥50% of responses were “agree” or “strongly agree. ” In terms of content validity, 85.7% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that NOViSE is a useful training tool for NOTES and 71.4% that they would recommend it to others. Construct validity was established by comparing a number of performance metrics such as task completion times, path lengths, applied forces, and so on. NOViSE demonstrated early signs of construct validity. Experts were faster and used a shorter endoscopic path length than novices in all but one task. The results indicate that NOViSE authentically recreates a transgastric hybrid cholecystectomy and sets promising foundations for the further development of a VR training curriculum for NOTES without compromising patient safety or requiring expensive animal facilities.
Parametric analysis and optimization of MOSFET macromodels for ESD circuit simulation

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a major reliability concern in semiconductor industry. An ESD event may degrade or destroy an integrated circuit (IC), impacting on production yields, manufacturing costs, product quality, product reliability and company profitability. Additionally, the breakdown voltages and failure currents of semiconductor devices are becoming lower with the technology scaling, placing severe constraints on robust IC design. As a result, effective onchip ESD protection without compromising area and performance requirements is becoming a challenge in deeply-scaled technologies. In this context, circuit simulation can provide the required assistance in on-chip protection design, including robustness analysis of the circuits and performance prediction prior to silicon. However, modeling the MOSFET operation under ESD conditions for circuit simulation is still a challenging issue. The large current and voltage characteristics are typically not well covered by most standard SPICE compact models. To overcome such limitation, a practical modeling approach is highly desired. This work presents a study of MOSFET macromodels for ESD circuit simulation. First, it gives an overview of the device operation under ESD conditions. Then, it presents the evolution of MOSFET macromodels for ESD circuit simulation. Finally, a novel macromodel development approach based on parametric analysis and optimization is introduced.
1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with dual magnetic resonance–fluorescence imaging for tracking of chemotherapeutic agents

To date, knowing how to identify the location of chemotherapeutic agents in the human body after injection is still a challenge. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a drug delivery system with molecular imaging tracking ability to accurately understand the distribution, location, and concentration of a drug in living organisms. In this study, we developed bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) with dual magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging modalities (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-BSA-Gd/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea [BCNU] NPs) to deliver BCNU for inhibition of brain tumor cells (MBR 261-2). These BSA-based NPs are water dispersible, stable, and biocompatible as confirmed by XTT cell viability assay. In vitro phantoms and in vivo MR and fluorescence imaging experiments show that the developed FITC-BSA-Gd/BCNU NPs enable dual MR and fluorescence imaging for monitoring cellular uptake and distribution in tumors. The T1 relaxivity (R1) of FITC-BSA-Gd/BCNU NPs was 3.25 mM−1 s−1, which was similar to that of the commercial T1 contrast agent (R1 =3.36 mM−1 s−1). The results indicate that this multifunctional drug delivery system has potential bioimaging tracking of chemotherapeutic agents ability in vitro and in vivo for cancer therapy.
3D spectroscopy with VLT/GIRAFFE IV. Angular momentum and dynamical support of intermediate redshift galaxies

Context. One of the most outstanding problems related to numerical models of galaxy formation is the so-called “angular momentum catastrophe”, i.e., the inability to theoretically explain the high angular momentum observed in local disk galaxies. Aims. We study the evolution of the angular momentum from $z\sim0.6$ to $z=0$ to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the large angular momenta of disk galaxies observed today. This study is based on a complete sample of 32, $0.4\leq z \leq0.75$ galaxies observed with FLAMES/GIRAFFE at the VLT. Their kinematics had been classified as rotating disks (11 galaxies), perturbed rotators (7 galaxies), or complex kinematics (14 galaxies). Methods. We have computed the specific angular momentum of disks ( j disk ) and the dynamical support of rotating disks through the $V/\sigma$ ratio. To study how angular momentum can be acquired dynamically, we compared the properties of distant and local galaxies, as a function of their kinematical class. Results. We find that distant rotating disks have essentially the same properties ( j disk and R d ) as local disks, while distant galaxies with more complex kinematics have a significantly higher scatter in the j disk – V max and R d – V max planes. On average, distant galaxies show lower values of $V/\sigma$ than local galaxies, the lowest $V/\sigma$ values being reached by distant galaxies showing perturbed rotation. This can probably be attributed to heating mechanisms at work in distant disks. Conclusions. We found observational evidence for a non-linear random-walk evolution of the angular momentum in galaxies during the past 8 Gyr. The evolution related to galaxies with complex kinematics can be attributed to mergers, but not to (smooth) gas accretion alone. If galaxies observed at intermediate redshift are related to present-day spirals, then our results match the “spiral rebuilding” scenario proposed by Hammer et al. (2005) quite closely.
The role of total wind in the vertical dynamics of ions in the E-region at high latitudes

Abstract. A seasonally dependent total neutral wind model obtained from experimental data is used to evaluate the diurnal variation of the vertical ion velocity in the E-region at a high-latitude location (Tromso), for each season, in the presence of an electric field with a typical diurnal variation for quiet auroral days. The diurnal variation and spatial locations of the vertical convergence of ions are analyzed and the effect of the total wind on the occurrence of sporadic E-layers is inferred. The results show that the structure of the wind is an important factor in controlling the vertical velocities of ions, favoring or hindering the sporadic E-layer formation. The ion convergence conditions are improved when the permanent wind is removed, which suggests that sporadic E-layers occur when the mean wind has small values, thus allowing the electric field and/or the semidiurnal tide to control the ion dynamics. We conclude that for quiet days the formation of the sporadic layers is initiated by the electric field, while their evolution and dynamics is controlled by the wind. We also find that the seasonal variation of the E s layers cannot be related to the seasonally dependent wind shear. Although we focus on sporadic E-layers, our results can be used in the analysis of other processes involving the vertical dynamics of ions in the E-region at high latitudes.
Improving entrepreneurial education through self-regulatory skills

A mixed methods study investigated the role of self-regulation in entrepreneurial decision-making, including the significance of learning in relation to those processes. Findings from survey data measuring three existing self-regulatory constructs—regulatory pride, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and metacognitive awareness—suggest that entrepreneurs are distinguished from other managers by a distinctive pattern of self-regulation. Prior studies suggest that such a pattern of self-regulation is strongly related to effective use of intuition, heuristics, and learning processes. Furthermore, when analysed in combination with interview data, the results suggest a strong relationship between self-regulation and prior learning experiences in decision-making. At the same time, educational research has shown that self-regulatory skills are critical for achieving learning outcomes and that those skills can be enhanced by appropriate interventions. Consequently, the findings suggest that entrepreneurial education and training can be enhanced by incorporating techniques that improve a range of self-regulatory skills.
Invarianza factorial del burnout académico para estudiantes hispanohablantes

espanolResumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue recoger evidencia de las propiedades psicometricas del Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MMBI-SS) en una muestra de 359 estudiantes universitarios, 152 colombianos y 207 espanoles. Se realizo un analisis factorial confirmatorio a fin de comprobar la estructura de la prueba y la invarianza del modelo entre las dos muestras, igualmente se obtuvieron los coeficientes de confiabilidad de cada dimension y se obtuvo evidencia de validez discriminante frente a una medida de Flousrishing. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo se ajusto bien en ambas muestras, con un nivel aceptable de parsimonia. Se alcanzo el nivel de invarianza factorial estricta e indices de fiabilidad superiores a 0.8. Se obtuvieron correlaciones inversas moderadas frente al constructo estado de flujo. Los resultados evidencian la fiabilidad y validez, del constructo y discriminante, de la MMBI-SS asi como su estabilidad en ambas muestras. EnglishAbstract: The objective of this study was to collect evidence of the psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MMBI-SS) in a sample of 359 university students: 152 Colombians and 207 Spaniards. Factorial analysis confirmed the structure of the test and the invariance of the model in the two samples; reliability coefficients were obtained for each dimension, along with evidence of discriminating validity on the Flourishing Scale. The results showed that the model adjusted well to both samples, at an acceptable level. Strict factorial invariance and reliability indexes greater than 0.8 were reached. Moderate inverse correlations were obtained with regard to the construct of state of flux. The results demonstrated the reliability and validity of the construct and the discriminant, of MMBI-SS as well as stability in both samples.
Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates from Danish Infants (0 - 90 Days) during the Years 1943 to 2013

Background The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was introduced in the Danish childhood immunization program (at 3, 5 and 12 months of age) in 2007 and was replaced with PCV-13 in 2010 without changes to the schedule. After the introduction of these vaccines the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to vaccine types (VTs) declined markedly in children aged 0–2 years; however, cases among infants too young to be protected by vaccination have not been studied in detail. We present data on IPD in infants less than 90 days from 1943 until 2013. Study design The study included all infants younger than 90 days born from 1943 through 2013, who had not been PCV vaccinated and from whom a pneumococcus isolate from blood or cerebrospinal fluid had been submitted to the Danish national reference laboratory. All isolates were serotyped using Pneumotest Latex and Quellung reaction. Results A total of 216 IPD cases were identified. The age group specific incidence (total number of IPD cases per 100,000 live births) varied from 0 to 16 in the period 1943 to 2007 and from 1.7 to 9.2 in the period 2008 to 2013. IPD cases due to PCV-7 serotypes were not observed later than 2009. Conclusion In Danish infants younger than 90 days, IPD due to PCV-7 serotypes has decreased and has not been observed since 2009, but the total incidence of IPD has not changed.
Early Systemic Microvascular Damage in Pigs with Atherogenic Diabetes Mellitus Coincides with Renal Angiopoietin Dysbalance

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a range of microvascular complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Microvascular abnormalities in the kidneys are common histopathologic findings in DN, which represent one manifestation of ongoing systemic microvascular damage. Recently, sidestream dark-field (SDF) imaging has emerged as a noninvasive tool that enables one to visualize the microcirculation. In this study, we investigated whether changes in the systemic microvasculature induced by DM and an atherogenic diet correlated spatiotemporally with renal damage. Methods Atherosclerotic lesion development was triggered in streptozotocin-induced DM pigs (140 mg/kg body weight) by administering an atherogenic diet for approximately 11 months. Fifteen months following induction of DM, microvascular morphology was visualized in control pigs (n = 7), non-diabetic pigs fed an atherogenic diet (ATH, n = 5), and DM pigs fed an atherogenic diet (DM+ATH, n = 5) using SDF imaging of oral mucosal tissue. Subsequently, kidneys were harvested from anethesized pigs and the expression levels of well-established markers for microvascular integrity, such as Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) were determined immunohistochemically, while endothelial cell (EC) abundance was determined by immunostaining for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Results Our study revealed an increase in the capillary tortuosity index in DM+ATH pigs (2.31±0.17) as compared to the control groups (Controls 0.89±0.08 and ATH 1.55±0.11; p<0.05). Kidney biopsies showed marked glomerular lesions consisting of mesangial expansion and podocyte lesions. Furthermore, we observed a disturbed Angpt2/ Angpt1balance in the cortex of the kidney, as evidenced by increased expression of Angpt2 in DM+ATH pigs as compared to Control pigs (p<0.05). Conclusion In the setting of DM, atherogenesis leads to the augmentation of mucosal capillary tortuosity, indicative of systemic microvascular damage. Concomitantly, a dysbalance in renal angiopoietins was correlated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. As such, our studies strongly suggest that defects in the systemic microvasculature mirror the accumulation of microvascular damage in the kidney.
The Arabidopsis Chloroplastic NifU-Like Protein CnfU, Which Can Act as an Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold Protein, Is Required for Biogenesis of Ferredoxin and Photosystem I

The biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters is a highly regulated process involving several proteins. Among them, so-called scaffold proteins play pivotal roles in both the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we report the identification of two chloroplast-localized NifU-like proteins, AtCnfU-V and AtCnfU-IVb, from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with high sequence similarity to a cyanobacterial NifU-like protein that was proposed to serve as a molecular scaffold. AtCnfU-V is constitutively expressed in several tissues of Arabidopsis, whereas the expression of AtCnfU-IVb is prominent in the aerial parts. Mutant Arabidopsis lacking AtCnfU-V exhibited a dwarf phenotype with faint pale-green leaves and had drastically impaired photosystem I accumulation. Chloroplasts in the mutants also showed a decrease in both the amount of ferredoxin, a major electron carrier of the stroma that contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and in the in vitro activity of iron-sulfur cluster insertion into apo-ferredoxin. When expressed in Escherichia coli cells, AtCnfU-V formed a homodimer carrying a [2Fe-2S]-like cluster, and this cluster could be transferred to apo-ferredoxin in vitro to form holo-ferredoxin. We propose that AtCnfU has an important function as a molecular scaffold for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in chloroplasts and thereby is required for biogenesis of ferredoxin and photosystem I.