Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comorbid LD and ADHD in childhood: socioemotional and behavioural adjustment and parents’ positive and negative affect

The present study examined how vulnerability and protective factors at the individual level (child’s disabilities; patterns of attachment), and at the family level (fathers’/mothers’ affect), help explain differences in socioemotional and behavioural adjustment among children aged 8–12 years with comorbid learning disability (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or with typical development. Participants were 118 father–mother–child triads: 59 couples and children with comorbid LD/ADHD and 59 couples with typically developing children. Preliminary analyses indicated significant group differences on all children’s measures and on fathers’ and mothers’ affect measures. As hypothesised, findings showed the contribution of parents’ positive and negative affect to children’s adjustment, with differences for fathers’ versus mothers’ affect. Discussion focuses on understanding the unique value of fathers’ and mothers’ affect on children’s well‐adjusted functioning.
Trp zipper folding kinetics by molecular dynamics and temperature-jump spectroscopy

We studied the microsecond folding dynamics of three β hairpins (Trp zippers 1–3, TZ1–TZ3) by using temperature-jump fluorescence and atomistic molecular dynamics in implicit solvent. In addition, we studied TZ2 by using time-resolved IR spectroscopy. By using distributed computing, we obtained an aggregate simulation time of 22 ms. The simulations included 150, 212, and 48 folding events at room temperature for TZ1, TZ2, and TZ3, respectively. The all-atom optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLSaa) potential set predicted TZ1 and TZ2 properties well; the estimated folding rates agreed with the experimentally determined folding rates and native conformations were the global potential-energy minimum. The simulations also predicted reasonable unfolding activation enthalpies. This work, directly comparing large simulated folding ensembles with multiple spectroscopic probes, revealed both the surprising predictive ability of current models as well as their shortcomings. Specifically, for TZ1–TZ3, OPLS for united atom models had a nonnative free-energy minimum, and the folding rate for OPLSaa TZ3 was sensitive to the initial conformation. Finally, we characterized the transition state; all TZs fold by means of similar, native-like transition-state conformations.
Recent advances in clinical anti-cancer immunotherapy

Recent successful results with the relatively novel immunotherapeutic anti-cancer strategies such as adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), therapeutic Sipuleucil-T vaccine and checkpoint blockade inhibitors, do indicate that patient’s immune system can be effectively used against autologous tumor cells. Interactions between the immune system and the malignancy are complex but the results obtained using the above mentioned therapeutic approaches indicate acceptable clinical utility, efficacy and safety against several types of cancer. Much work still lies ahead but the success achieved with these modern immunotherapies is undeniable. This paper aims to present a short basic overview of these recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, but one should keep in mind that this field is in a dynamic stage given its success and that many immunotherapeutic agents, not all of them mentioned, are undergoing active clinical testing.
A Mobile 3-D Display Processor With A Bandwidth-Saving Subdivider

A mobile 3-D display processor with a subdivider is presented for higher visual quality on handhelds. By combining a subdivision technique with a 3-D display, the processor can support viewers see realistic smooth surfaces in the air. However, both the subdivision and the 3-D display processes require a high number of memory operations to mobile memory architecture. Therefore, we make efforts to save the bandwidth between the processor and off-chip memory. In the subdivider, we propose a recomputing based depth-first scheme that has much smaller working set than prior works. The proposed scheme achieves about 100:1 bandwidth reduction over the prior subdivision methods. Also the designed 3-D display engine reduces the bandwidth to 27% by reordering the operation sequence of the 3-D display process. This bandwidth saving translates into reductions of off-chip access energy and time. Consequently the overall bandwidth of both the subdivision and the 3-D display processes is affordable to a commercial mobile bus. In addition to saving bandwidth, our work provides enough visual quality and performance. Overall the 3-D display engine achieves 325 fps for 480×320 display resolution.
Caregiver Perceptions of the Understanding of Death and Need for Bereavement Support in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Background Care staff are an important source of information and support for people with intellectual disabilities following bereavement. The purpose of this study was to explore staff perceptions of service users’ conceptualizations of death, reactions to bereavement, required levels of support and staff confidence in providing post-bereavement support. Method Forty-two staff rated individuals with intellectual disabilities with whom they worked on a regular basis. Results In general, staff believed that service users had a good concept of death, though staff tended to overestimate levels of understanding and possibly underestimate the potential for dysfunctional behaviour post-bereavement. Although staff expressed confidence in their ability to recognize grief symptoms, they were less confident in their ability to provide post-bereavement support. Conclusions The overall picture was positive with good agreement between staff, though ensuring that staff consider the potential for psychopathology following bereavement is important in providing support. The implications for staff training and post-bereavement support are considered.
Community-based exercise program reduces risk factors for falls in 65- to 75-year-old women with osteoporosis: randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Exercise programs improve balance, strength and agility in elderly people and thus may prevent falls. However, specific exercise programs that might be widely used in the community and that might be "prescribed" by physicians, especially for patients with osteoporosis, have not been evaluated. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of such a program designed specifically for women with osteoporosis. METHODS We identified women 65 to 75 years of age in whom osteoporosis had been diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in our hospital between 1996 and 2000 and who were not engaged in regular weekly programs of moderate or hard exercise. Women who agreed to participate were randomly assigned to participate in a twice-weekly exercise class or to not participate in the class. We measured baseline data and, 20 weeks later, changes in static balance (by dynamic posturography), dynamic balance (by a timed figure-eight run) and knee extension strength (by dynamometry). RESULTS Of 93 women who began the trial, 80 completed it. Before adjustment for covariates, the intervention group tended to have greater, although nonsignificant, improvements in static balance (mean difference 4.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.3% to 11.0%), dynamic balance (mean difference 3.3%, 95% CI -1.7% to 8.4%) and knee extension strength (mean difference 7.8%, 95% CI -5.4% to 21.0%). Mean crude changes in the static balance score were -0.85 (95% CI -2.91 to 1.21) for the control group and 1.40 (95% CI -0.66 to 3.46) for the intervention group. Mean crude changes in figure-eight velocity (dynamic balance) were 0.08 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.14) m/s for the control group and 0.14 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.20) m/s for the intervention group. For knee extension strength, mean changes were -0.58 (95% CI -3.02 to 1.81) kg/m for the control group and 1.03 (95% CI -1.31 to 3.34) kg/m for the intervention group. After adjustment for age, physical activity and years of estrogen use, the improvement in dynamic balance was 4.9% greater for the intervention group than for the control group (p = 0.044). After adjustment for physical activity, cognitive status and number of fractures ever, the improvement in knee extension strength was 12.8% greater for the intervention group than for the control group (p = 0.047). The intervention group also had a 6.3% greater improvement in static balance after adjustment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.06). INTERPRETATION Relative to controls, participants in the exercise program experienced improvements in dynamic balance and strength, both important determinants of risk for falls, particularly in older women with osteoporosis.
Identification of wild collected mosquito vectors of diseases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia.

Thirty-three species of mosquitoes have been reported from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several of these mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. , Anopheles stephensi Liston, Culex pipiens Linnaeus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Stegomyia aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedimorphus vexans arabiensis (Patton) are known vectors of human and animal diseases. In this study, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of eight mosquito species using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were analyzed. Wild collected fourth-instar larvae were reared, and single, newly emerged, unfed adult females were used for the analysis. A total of 146-160 peaks were detected from the cuticular extracts by gas chromatography. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD Post Hoc test was used to test for quantitative differences in relative hydrocarbon quantity. In addition, a linear regression model was applied using Enter method to determine the diagnostic peaks for the eight mosquito specimens. The ANOVA test indicated that relative peaks were significant (P < 0.05) when selected pairs of peaks were compared. Also, seven compounds showed qualitative differences among the five mosquito vectors tested. The classes of constituents present were n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, trimethylalkanes, alkenes, branched aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes and esters. These compounds have a carbon chain length ranging from 8 to 18 carbons. The most abundant compound in all adult mosquito specimens was n-hexylacrylate [retention time (RT) 6.73 min], which was not detected in Cx. pipiens. In Cx. pipiens, the most abundant peak was benzaldehyde (RT 2.98 min). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a suitable method to identify adult mosquitoes, especially from focal areas of public health concern such as Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. This method allows a wide range of adult collected material to be identified with high accuracy.
Psychological and Acculturation Correlates of Work Status among Soviet Jewish Refugees in the United States 1

The present study assesses the relationship of work status to acculturation and psychological adaptation among 206 refugees from the former Soviet Union who have resettled in the United States. These refugees lived in two different urban areas: the Washington, DC area and the Brighton Beach community in New York. Psychological adaptation was measured in terms of life satisfaction and alienation. Three categories of work status were used: unemployed, underemployed and employed in one's own field of professional expertise. In general, a linear trend was found among the three groups. Thus, refugees employed in the same field as in the former Soviet Union had been in the United States the longest and reported the highest levels of income, level of American acculturation, comfort speaking English, and life satisfaction. Those unemployed were lowest on each of these variables. Alienation was significantly lower only among those employed in the same professional field and was equally high for both the unemployed and the underemployed. City differences revealed that residents of the Washington, DC area were more likely to be working and had higher levels of education, income, life satisfaction, comfort speaking English, and behavioral acculturation to the American culture. Implications are offered for the role of work in immigrant adaptation and the importance of attending to community differences.
Prestack residual migration in the frequency domain

Prestack Stolt residual migration can be applied to seismic images that are depth migrated using wavefield extrapolation techniques. This method has significant advantages over other methods that estimate interval velocity functions for depth migration. It is more accurate than methods that are based on focusing the stack of migrated images by a residual NMO operation, so it provides a more accurate estimate of the correct migration velocities. Also, it is conceptually simpler and easier to implement than traveltime tomography methods. Although the theory is developed assuming constant velocity, the method can be used for depth‐migrated images produced with smoothly varying velocity models, since the residually migrated images depend only on the ratio of the reference and updated velocities. This method closely resembles Stolt‐stretch techniques, so it inherits the Stolt method's speed and convenience. The main applications of this method are in migration velocity analysis (MVA), where it can be used to i.
Proton MR Spectroscopy Improves Discrimination between Tumor and Pseudotumoral Lesion in Solid Brain Masses

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differentiating between tumors and pseudotumoral lesions by conventional MR imaging may be a challenging question. This study aims to evaluate the potential usefulness and the added value that single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy could provide on this discrimination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 84 solid brain lesions were retrospectively included in the study (68 glial tumors and 16 pseudotumoral lesions). Single-voxel spectra at TE 30 ms (short TE) and 136 ms (long TE) were available in all cases. Two groups were defined: “training-set” (56 cases) and “test-set” (28 cases). Tumors and pseudotumors were compared in the training-set with the Mann-Whitney U test. Ratios between resonances were defined as classifiers for new cases, and thresholds were selected with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The added value of spectroscopy was evaluated by 5 neuroradiologists and assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Differences between tumors and pseudotumors were found in myo-inositol (mIns); P < . 01) at short TE, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA; P < .001), glutamine (Glx; P < .01), and choline (CHO; P < .05) at long TE. Classifiers suggested tumor when mIns/NAA ratio was more than 0.9 at short TE and also when CHO/NAA ratio was more than 1.9 at long TE. Classifier accuracy was tested in the test-set with the following results: short TE, 82% (23/28); long TE, 79% (22/28). The neuroradiologists’ confidence rating of the test-cases on a 5-point scale (0–4) improved between 5% (from 2.86–3) and 27% (from 2.25–2.86) with spectroscopy (mean, 17%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ratios of mIns/NAA at short TE and CHO/NAA at long TE provide valuable information to discriminate between brain tumor and pseudotumor by improving neuroradiologists’ accuracy and confidence.
How Behavior Trees Modularize Hybrid Control Systems and Generalize Sequential Behavior Compositions, the Subsumption Architecture, and Decision Trees

Behavior trees (BTs) are a way of organizing the switching structure of a hybrid dynamical system (HDS), which was originally introduced in the computer game programming community. In this paper, we analyze how the BT representation increases the modularity of an HDS and how key system properties are preserved over compositions of such systems, in terms of combining two BTs into a larger one. We also show how BTs can be seen as a generalization of sequential behavior compositions, the subsumption architecture, and decisions trees. These three tools are powerful but quite different, and the fact that they are unified in a natural way in BTs might be a reason for their popularity in the gaming community. We conclude the paper by giving a set of examples illustrating how the proposed analysis tools can be applied to robot control BTs.
Work values: Comparing Russian immigrants and Israeli students

Journal of Career Developnwnt, yolo 23(3), Spring 1997 There has been a growing interest in recent years in the study of value systems in general (Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987; Rokeach, 1979) and of work values specifically (Borg, 1986; Elizur, 1984; Fumham, 1984; Hofstede, 1980). The concept of work values, however, has been the subject of controversy in the literature. The result has been a considerable variability in how the concept is defined and measured and how it is thought to be related to other concepts. Thus, work values have been considered to represent motivational constructs (e.g. Crites, 1969), work ethics (e.g. Waters, Batlis & Waters, 1975), personality (e.g. Holland, 1973) and self-concept (e.g. Super, 1973)~. Elizur, Borg, Hunt and Beck (1991, p. 22) propose that &dquo;. ‘value’ of a given social group is any entity (object, behavior, situation) on which that group places a high worth of importance. Consequently, work values are such entities in the work context. &dquo; Elizur’s approach will be used in this study to define work values in two different social
Assessing the incapacitative effects of pepper spray during resistive encounters with the police

This article investigates the effectiveness of pepper spray as a means of aiding arrest. The authors aim to provide a more rigorous study than has previously been achieved. Data from the Baltimore County Police Department have been used in this analysis. The evaluation undertaken has taken into account the “effective‐ineffective” dichotomy of the incapacitating effects of pepper spray as well as whether those being arrested were drunk, under the influence of drugs or mentally disturbed. Five variables of age, weight, height, race and sex were also recorded, the latter three having little or no effect. The overall conclusion which is drawn is that using pepper spray eases arrest in the majority of instances. The conclusions drawn leave the way open for further detailed analysis of the use of the spray to ease arrest.
Bones quality indices in laying hens fed diets with a high level of DDGS and supplemented with selected feed additives.

An experiment with 192 caged ISA Brown laying hens, fed a diet containing a high level of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), was conducted to determine the influence of selected feed additives on biomechanical and geometrical indices of tibia and femur bones. At 26 weeks of age hens were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 12 replicates (cages of two hens). To week 55, hens were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental diets either containing or not containing a high level of DDGS (200 g/kg). The diet containing 200 g/kg of DDGS was supplemented or not supplemented with feed additives, i.e. enzymes (xylanase and phytase), sodium butyrate, probiotic bacteria ( L. salivarius), herbal extract mixtures ( Taraxaci siccum, Urticae siccum, and Salviae siccum), inulin or chitosan. At week 55, inclusion of DDGS in the diet had no effect on biomechemical (bone breaking strength, yielding load, and stiffness) or geometrical (cortex thick - ness, cross-section area, weight, and length) indices of tibia and femur bones ( P > 0.05). Some of the supple - ments used had a beneficial effect on bone quality in hens fed the diet with a high level of DDGS. Thus, the addition of probiotic bacteria or herb extracts increased the breaking strength of femurs and breaking strength and yielding load of tibias ( P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that DDGS may be included to a level of 20% in the diet of laying hens without any negative influence on bone quality, while such feed additives as probiotic bacteria and herbal extracts may improve the selected biomechanical indices of bone quality of layers fed diets with a high level of DDGS.
Low bit rate high quality audio coding with combined harmonic and wavelet representations

We describe a novel high quality audio coding method using adaptive signal representation, based on sinusoidal and wavelet analysis of signals. First, we perform a harmonic analysis of the signal to remove strong periodic structures or tones from the signal. Then we carry out wavelet analysis that are useful in tracking the transients of the signal. These transients are then removed from the wavelet coefficients. The remaining coefficients have broadband noise-like structure. Since this method separates out tones (sinusoids), transients, and broadband noise, we may use tonal, noise, and temporal masking information to individually encode the tones and the wavelet coefficients. Our experiments suggest that this method yields a nominal bit rate of 1 bit/sample for high quality audio compression.
Questioning the notion of feminine leadership

Traditionally, leadership has been equated with masculinity. Managerial jobs, at least in business and on senior levels, have been defined as a matter of instrumentality, autonomy, result-orientation, etc. something which is not particularly much in line with what is broadly assumed to be typical for females. Today, however, there seems to be a broad interest in leadership being more participatory, non-hierarchical, flexible and group-oriented. These new ideas on leadership are often seen by students of gender as indicating a feminine orientation. This article argues that it is necessary to critically discuss the whole idea of gender labelling leadership as masculine or feminine and suggests that we should be very careful and potentially aware of the unfortunate consequences when we use gender labels. Constructing leadership as feminine may be of some value as a contrast to conventional ideas on leadership and management but may also create a misleading impression of women's orientation to leadership as well as reproducing stereotypes and the traditional gender division of labour.
Treatment of Essential Hypertension does not Normalize Capillary Rarefaction

OBJECTIVES To determine if capillary rarefaction persists when hypertension is treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, thiazidic diuretic and/or beta-blocker, and to identify which microcirculatory alterations (structural and functional) persist after anti-hypertensive treatment. METHODS We evaluated 28 well-controlled essential hypertensive patients and 19 normotensive subjects. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy examination of the fourth finger of the left hand was used to determine the functional capillary densities at baseline, during post-occlusive hyperemia, and after venous congestion. Capillary loop diameters (afferent, apical and efferent) and red blood cell velocity were also quantified. RESULTS Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients showed lower mean functional capillary density at baseline (25.1±1.4 vs. 33.9±1.9 cap/mm2, p<0.01), during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (29.3±1.9 vs. 38.2±2.2 cap/mm2, p<0.01) and during venous congestion responses (31.4±1.9 vs. 41.1±2.3 cap/mm2, p<0.01). Based on the density during venous congestion, the estimated structural capillary deficit was 25.1%. Mean capillary diameters were not different at the three local points, but red blood cell velocity at baseline was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (0.98±0.05 vs. 1.17±0.04 mm/s, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients treated for essential hypertension showed microvascular rarefaction, regardless of the type of therapy used. In addition, the reduced red blood cell velocity associated with capillary rarefaction might reflect the increased systemic vascular resistance, which is a hallmark of hypertension.