Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome of Invertebrate Iridescent Virus Type 3 (Mosquito Iridescent Virus)

ABSTRACT Iridoviruses (IVs) are classified into five genera: Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and Ranavirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. Until now, Chloriridovirus was the only IV genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. Here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of Invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (IIV-3), also known as mosquito iridescent virus, currently the sole member of the genus Chloriridovirus. Approximately 20% of the 190-kbp IIV-3 genome was repetitive DNA, with DNA repeats localized in 15 apparently noncoding regions. Of the 126 predicted IIV-3 genes, 27 had homologues in all currently sequenced IVs, suggesting a genetic core for the family Iridoviridae. Fifty-two IIV-3 genes, including those encoding DNA topoisomerase II, NAD-dependent DNA ligase, SF1 helicase, IAP, and BRO protein, are present in IIV-6 (Chilo iridescent virus, prototype species of the genus Iridovirus) but not in vertebrate IVs, likely reflecting distinct evolutionary histories for vertebrate and invertebrate IVs and potentially indicative of genes that function in aspects of virus-invertebrate host interactions. Thirty-three IIV-3 genes lack homologues in other IVs. Most of these encode proteins of unknown function but also encode IIV3-053L, a protein with similarity to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit 7; IIV3-044L, a putative serine/threonine protein kinase; and IIV3-080R, a protein with similarity to poxvirus MutT-like proteins. The absence of genes present in other IVs, including IIV-6; the lack of obvious colinearity with any sequenced IV; the low levels of amino acid identity of predicted proteins to IV homologues; and phylogenetic analyses of conserved proteins indicate that IIV-3 is distantly related to other IV genera.
Automatic Identification of Temporal Information in Tourism Web Pages

This paper presents our work on the detection of temporal information in web pages. The pages examined within the scope of this study were taken from the tourism sector and the temporal information in question is thus particular to this area. The differences that exist between extraction from plain textual data and extraction from the web are brought to light. These differences mainly concern the spatial arrangement of the text, the use of punctuation and the respect of traditional syntactic rules. The temporal expressions to be extracted are classified into two kinds: temporal information that concerns one particular event and repetitive temporal information. We adopt a symbolic approach relying on patterns and rules for the detection, extraction and annotation of temporal expressions; our method is based on the use of transducers. First evaluations have shown promising results. Since the visual structure of a web page is very important and often informs the user before he has even read the text, a semiotic study is also presented in this paper.
Multimodal tangential migration of neocortical GABAergic neurons independent of GPI-anchored proteins

Neuronal migration is crucial for the construction of neuronal architecture such as layers and nuclei. Most inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex derive from the basal forebrain and migrate tangentially; however, little is known about the mode of migration of these neurons in the cortex. We used glutamate decarboxylase (Gad)67-green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in embryonic mice with expression of GFP in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and performed time-lapse analysis. In coronal slices, many GFP-positive neurons in the lower intermediate zone (IZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) showed robust tangential migration from lateral to medial cortex, while others showed radial and non-radial migration mostly towards the pial surface. In flat-mount preparations, GFP-positive neurons of the marginal zone (MZ) showed multidirectional tangential migration. Some of these neurons descended toward the cortical plate (CP). Intracortical migration of these neurons was largely unaffected by a treatment that cleaves glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. These findings suggest that tangential migration of cortical interneurons from lateral to medial cortex predominantly occurs in the IZ/SVZ and raise the possibility that a part of the pial surface-directed neurons in the IZ/SVZ reach the MZ, whereby they spread into the whole area of the cortex. At least a part of these neurons may descend toward the CP. Our results also suggest that intracortical migration of GABAergic neurons occurs independent of GPI-anchored proteins.
Probing DNA conformational changes with high temporal resolution by tethered particle motion

The tethered particle motion (TPM) technique informs about conformational changes of DNA molecules, e.g. upon looping or interaction with proteins, by tracking the Brownian motion of a particle probe tethered to a surface by a single DNA molecule and detecting changes of its amplitude of movement. We discuss in this context the time resolution of TPM, which strongly depends on the particle–DNA complex relaxation time, i.e. the characteristic time it takes to explore its configuration space by diffusion. By comparing theory, simulations and experiments, we propose a calibration of TPM at the dynamical level: we analyze how the relaxation time grows with both DNA contour length (from 401 to 2080 base pairs) and particle radius (from 20 to 150 nm). Notably we demonstrate that, for a particle of radius 20 nm or less, the hydrodynamic friction induced by the particle and the surface does not significantly slow down the DNA. This enables us to determine the optimal time resolution of TPM in distinct experimental contexts which can be as short as 20 ms.
Adequate groups of low degree

The notion of adequate subgroups was introduced by Jack Thorne [42]. It is a weakening of the notion of big subgroups used in generalizations of the Taylor-Wiles method for proving the automorphy of certain Galois representations. Using this idea, Thorne was able to strengthen many automorphy lifting theorems. It was shown in [22] that if the dimension is small compared to the characteristic then all absolutely irreducible representations are adequate. Here we extend the result by showing that, in almost all cases, absolutely irreducible kG-modules in characteristic p, whose irreducible G+-summands have dimension less than p (where G+ denotes the subgroup of G generated by all p-elements of G), are adequate.
High-Speed Real-Time Resting-State fMRI Using Multi-Slab Echo-Volumar Imaging

We recently demonstrated that ultra-high-speed real-time fMRI using multi-slab echo-volumar imaging (MEVI) significantly increases sensitivity for mapping task-related activation and resting-state networks (RSNs) compared to echo-planar imaging (Posse et al., 2012). In the present study we characterize the sensitivity of MEVI for mapping RSN connectivity dynamics, comparing independent component analysis (ICA) and a novel seed-based connectivity analysis (SBCA) that combines sliding-window correlation analysis with meta-statistics. This SBCA approach is shown to minimize the effects of confounds, such as movement, and CSF and white matter signal changes, and enables real-time monitoring of RSN dynamics at time scales of tens of seconds. We demonstrate highly sensitive mapping of eloquent cortex in the vicinity of brain tumors and arterio-venous malformations, and detection of abnormal resting-state connectivity in epilepsy. In patients with motor impairment, resting-state fMRI provided focal localization of sensorimotor cortex compared with more diffuse activation in task-based fMRI. The fast acquisition speed of MEVI enabled segregation of cardiac-related signal pulsation using ICA, which revealed distinct regional differences in pulsation amplitude and waveform, elevated signal pulsation in patients with arterio-venous malformations and a trend toward reduced pulsatility in gray matter of patients compared with healthy controls. Mapping cardiac pulsation in cortical gray matter may carry important functional information that distinguishes healthy from diseased tissue vasculature. This novel fMRI methodology is particularly promising for mapping eloquent cortex in patients with neurological disease, having variable degree of cooperation in task-based fMRI. In conclusion, ultra-high-real-time speed fMRI enhances the sensitivity of mapping the dynamics of resting-state connectivity and cerebro-vascular pulsatility for clinical and neuroscience research applications.
System Support for Knowledge Work: Bridging the Knowing-Doing Group

Many researchers argue that information systems (IS) can play an important role in supporting organizational knowledge application. However, recent IS research indicates that knowledge management systems (KMS) often fail when implemented in the knowledge work practice of contemporary organizations. While KMS maintenance has been recognized as an important IS research area, imbalance between the desire for accurate content and the workload required to achieve this still appears to be a critical issue, resulting in systems of little use for organizations in their knowledge application processes. Driven by the ambition to contribute recommendations for how to integrate KMS with everyday knowledge work, we use general lessons learned from development of groupware applications as a theoretical lens to analyze empirical experiences from three implemented and evaluated KMS. Targeting the KMS maintenance challenge, our recommendations extend earlier IS research on the implementation and use of knowledge work support systems. On a practical level, our recommendations assist KMS developers in attempts to bridge the knowing-doing gap in organizations where individual members do not know or know of each other and the organization as a whole does not know what it knows.
INFSCI 2910-Independent Study : Foundations ( Fall Term 2012-2013 ) Report

With the fast grow of online educational content, the abundance of quality material opens new opportunities to learners. For practically any domain, a learner can easily find tens, hundreds or even thousand of web pages, tutorials and electronic textbooks in the Internet. Modern educational systems can grasp this opportunity offering alternative content to their users by automatic linking similar content parts. This is known as intelligent linking and has been widely explored in the hypertext field. However, well known techniques for intelligent linking reach only relatively medium and low results for fine-grained content matching when applied to hierarchical organized content such as textbooks. In this work we re-visit the problem of intelligent linking of textbooks using modern approaches of probabilistic topic modeling. Working with collections of textbooks in two domains (Algebra and Information Retrieval), we explored options to apply probabilistic topic models to implement fine-grained content matching and demonstrated that such techniques performs much better than the previously used term-based approach. General Terms Algorithms, Measurement, Reliability, Experimentation.
Private and common property rights in the economics of the environment

In recent years, economists have paid increasing attention to property rights and their implications for economic behavior. Given the market-oriented approach of neoclassical theory, it is not surprising that the term "property" has usually been equated with "private property. " The archetypal private property right, costlessly enforced and freely tradable, has been set up as an ideal against which other forms of property rights may be measured. While this approach has led to some important insights, it has had unfortunate consequences for the analysis of common property. The term has frequently been used to apply to a situation of open access, where no property rights of any kind exist. This has led to major analytical errors when economists have been confronted with actual and historical common property situations. Even when these errors have been avoided, there has been a general presumption that common property institutions are an inefficient substitute for genuine private property rights. A particularly important area where a private property rights paradigm has been widely applied (and misapplied) has been the class of environmental problems usually referred to as "externalities. " The object of this article is to develop an analysis of these problems based on the concept of common property. After a brief review of the debate between "externality" theorists and the private property rights
Taking a walk in a planar arrangement

We present a randomized algorithm for computing portions of an arrangement of n arcs in the plane, each pair of which intersect in at most t points. We use this algorithm to perform online walks inside such an arrangement (i.e., compute all the faces that a curve, given in an online manner, crosses), and to compute a level in an arrangement, both in an output-sensitive manner. The expected running time of the algorithm is O(/spl lambda//sub t+2/(m+n) log n), where m is the number of intersections between the walk and the given arcs. No similarly efficient algorithm is known for the general case of arcs. For the case of lines and for certain restricted cases involving line segments, our algorithm improves the best known algorithm of (Overmars and van Leeuwen, 1981) by almost a logarithmic factor.
Accounting for Software Development Costs and the Cost of Capital: Evidence from IPO Underpricing in the Software Industry

The paper assesses the value of the information contained in the accounting treatment for software development costs (SDC). The assessment is made in the context of the initial public offerings (IPO) market and is based on the effect of the accounting treatment on information asymmetry and hence IPO underpricing. We hypothesize that by sharing information about the probability of recoverability of SDCs and the amortization period, management that capitalizes SDC reduces information asymmetry and thus underpricing. The results, based on a sample of 390 IPOs in the software industry, are consistent with the hypothesis. The findings suggest that capitalization, through its information impact, lowers the cost of capital. Alternative interpretations of the findings are discussed as well.
Investor Attention to Salient Features of Analyst Forecasts

Prior research suggests that, when making economic decisions, investors focus on subsets of more salient information. We extend this research by examining variation in investor response to a salient feature in analyst forecasts. We focus on the roundness of analyst forecasts as a salient signal of imprecision. We examine whether: 1) investors notice rounding even though it is binary and has potentially limited information content, 2) investor reaction to rounding is affected by its repetition, and 3) investor reaction to rounding varies by investor type. We document a weaker market reaction to rounded compared to non-rounded forecasts, consistent with investors using rounding as an indicator of less precise forecasts. Investor response to rounding is more pronounced in the presence of multiple rounded forecasts, simultaneously disclosed in analyst reports, and is primarily attributed to less sophisticated investors. We also provide evidence on investors’ delayed assimilation of the information content in rounded forecasts subsequent to the forecast announcement date. Our results shed light on the scope of limited investor attention.
Distribution and Association : Modeling Two Fundamental Principles in Cognitive Control

Cognitive control is pervasive in human behavior. No matter what task one is performing, control of the sequence of one’s actions seems indispensable to accomplish the task. Therefore, control is one of the key issues in understanding human behavior. Moreover, knowledge about how control is exerted in humans may potentially help in designing improved artificial systems, since the control performance humans exhibit is currently unrivaled by artificial systems. Both understanding human control behavior and building improved artificial systems could be achieved by a sufficiently precise computational model of control which, however, currently does not exist. This paper devises a new computational model. In doing so, two fundamental principles of cognitive control in humans are identified. Based on these insights a new model of control which implements those principles is developed.
Higher clusterin immunolabeling and sperm DNA damage levels in hypertensive men compared with controls.

BACKGROUND Clusterin, a heterodimeric glycoprotein found at several sites in the human male reproductive tract, could be a marker of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, while TUNEL positivity indicates DNA fragmentation. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and obesity may compromise sperm quality and fertility of men; however, little evidence specifically links hypertension with the impairment of male reproductive function. METHODS By flow cytometric, immunofluorescence (TUNEL assay and clusterin immunolabeling) and immunohistochemical (peroxidase-streptavidin method) analyses, we have compared both clusterin- and TUNEL labeling in ejaculated spermatozoa from healthy normotensive donors and hypertensive subjects with the purpose to reveal possible differences between the two conditions. RESULTS Data analysis from the normotensive (n=25) and hypertensive subjects (n=25) demonstrate a significant correlation between high levels of clusterin immunolabeling and the presence of sperm DNA damage, which is often associated with abnormal morphology. In the normotensive subjects, a low percentage (15.3±4.5) of spermatozoa positive for high levels of clusterin was detected; however, this percentage significantly increased (30.9±13.0) (P<0.01) in hypertensive subjects. Standard semen evaluations does not reveal any significant differences between the two groups of subjects, except for a reduced forward motility and lower sperm vitality in the hypertensive subjects. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study strongly suggests a relationship between hypertension and markers indicative of poor sperm quality. In hypertensive subjects, high levels of clusterin immunolabeling identified a consistent fraction of ejaculated spermatozoa carrying both DNA fragmentation and strong morphological alterations, which was not correlated with age or with sperm cell mortality. The alternative possibility that sperm damage observed is due to adverse effects of anti-hypertensive drugs does not find support in the literature nor in the drug data sheets. The relationship observed between hypertension and human semen represents a novel and possibly relevant information to be considered in the study of male fertility.
Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks

This document updates RFC 4944, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15. 4 Networks". This document specifies an IPv6 header compression format for IPv6 packet delivery in Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs). The compression format relies on shared context to allow compression of arbitrary prefixes. How the information is maintained in that shared context is out of scope. This document specifies compression of multicast addresses and a framework for compressing next headers. UDP header compression is specified within this framework. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Framing health communication messages

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Organization of callosal linkages in visual area V2 of macaque monkey

In visual area V2 of the macaque monkey callosal cells accumulate in finger‐like bands that extend 7–8 mm from the V1/V2 border, or approximately half the width of area V2. The present study investigated whether or not callosal connections in area V2 link loci that are located at the same distance from the V1/V2 border in both hemispheres. We analyzed the patterns of retrograde labeling in V2 resulting from restricted injections of fluorescent tracers placed at different distances from the V1/V2 border in contralateral area V2. The results show that varying the distance of V2 tracer injections from the V1/V2 border led to a corresponding variation in the location of labeled callosal cells in contralateral V2. Injections into V2 placed on or close to the V1 border produced labeled cells that accumulated on or close to the V1 border in contralateral V2, whereas injections into V2 placed away from the V1 border produced labeled cells that accumulated mainly away from the V1 border. These results provide evidence that callosal fibers in V2 preferentially link loci that are located at similar distances from the V1/V2 border in both hemispheres. Relating this connectivity pattern to the topographic map of V2 suggests that callosal fibers link topographically mirror‐symmetrical regions of V2, i.e., callosal fibers near the V1/V2 border interconnect areas representing visual fields on, or close to, the vertical meridian, whereas callosal connections from regions away from the V1/V2 border interconnect visuotopically mismatched visual fields that extend onto opposite hemifields. J. Comp. Neurol. 428:278–293, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecology, Values, and Objectivity: Advancing the Debate

Abstract We add to current discussions about the interface between ecology, values, and objectivity by reporting on a novel Delphi-based study of the scientific reasoning employed by a group of eight ecologists as they collectively considered current ecological thinking. We rely on contextual empiricism, with its features of multiple ways of relating theory to reality and science as a social activity, to provide a richer understanding of scientific objectivity. This understanding recognizes the place and contributions of values and, in so doing, moves the discussion beyond whether or not science is “value neutral. ”
FSY1, a Novel Gene Encoding a Specific Fructose/H+ Symporter in the Type Strain ofSaccharomyces carlsbergensis

ABSTRACT A novel gene, FSY1, encoding a permease involved in active fructose uptake by a proton symport mechanism in the type strain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis has been isolated. Fsy1p is only distantly related to the Hxt proteins that mediate facilitated diffusion of glucose and fructose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related species.