Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oscillation Phase Locking and Late ERP Components of Intracranial Hippocampal Recordings Correlate to Patient Performance in a Working Memory Task

In working memory tasks, stimulus presentation induces a resetting of intracranial temporal lobe oscillations in multiple frequency bands. To further understand the functional relevance of this phenomenon, we investigated whether working memory performance depends on the phase precision of ongoing oscillations in the hippocampus. We recorded intra-hippocampal local field potentials in individuals performing a working memory task. Two types of trials were administered. For high memory trials presentation of a list of four letters (“List”) was followed by a single letter memory probe (“Test”). Low memory load trials, consisting of four identical letters (AAAA) followed by a probe with the same letter (A), were interspersed. Significant phase locking of ongoing oscillations across trials, estimated by the Pairwise Phase Consistency Index (PPCI) was observed in delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (5–7 Hz), and alpha (8–12 Hz) bands during stimulus presentation and recall but was increased in low memory load trials. Across patients however, higher delta PPCIs during recall in the left hippocampus were associated with faster reaction times. Because phase locking could also be interpreted as a consequence of a stimulus evoked potential, we performed event related potential analysis (ERP) and examined the relationship of ERP components with performance. We found that both amplitude and latency of late ERP components correlated with both reaction time and accuracy. We propose that, in the Sternberg task, phase locking of oscillations, or alternatively its ERP correlate, synchronizes networks within the hippocampus and connected structures that are involved in working memory.
The Signaling Effect of Pro se Status

When claimants press their claims without counsel, they fail at virtually every stage of civil litigation and overwhelmingly fail to obtain meaningful access to justice. This research program harnesses psychological science to experimentally test a novel hypothesis: mainly, a claimant's pro se status itself sends a signal that biases decision making about the claimant and her claim. We conducted social psychological experiments with the public (N = 157), law students (N = 198), and employment discrimination lawyers (N = 39), holding the quality and merit of a Title VII sex discrimination case constant. In so doing, we examined whether a claimant's pro se status itself shapes stereotypes held about the claimant and biases decision making about settlement awards. These experiments reveal that pro se status influences stereotypes of claimants and settlement awards received. Moreover, the signaling effect of pro se status is exacerbated by socialization in the legal profession. Among law-trained individuals (i.e., law students and lawyers), a claimant's pro se status generates negative stereotypes about the claimant and these negative stereotypes explain the adverse effect of pro se status on decision making about settlement awards.
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The first five years of MAGNet have been characterized by the creation of a community at Columbia University with common interests, common methodologies, and common taste for science. Objectively, based on the number of publications, collaborative grants emerging from this initiative, and traction We have had a very successful beginning. What we started as colleagues we are now continuing as collaborators and friends, enriched by recent recruits that have further enriched our community. So the natural question to ask is what will happen next. Will it be more of the same or will this enterprise be again transformational for our community and hopefully for the field? There are clear signs that the latter is more than a dream and actually quite achievable from the platform that has been assembled by the MAGNet center. To start, MAGNet has created significant resonance, both within the confines of our institution and across institutions. For instance, thanks to the community that has emerged around MAGNet, Columbia has created a new Initiative in Systems Biology that combines both the Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (C2B2) and the Columbia Genome Center (CGC). Thanks to the generous endowment of the Sulzberger family, the initiative has been able to restructure the genomics cores of the Columbia University Medical School and create the opportunity for a number of scientific recruitments in computational and experimental systems biology, starting with Prof. Saeed Tavazoie, from Princeton University, who will join our faculty in June as a Full Professor. Saeed will be the first of nine new recruits who will participate in the creation of a new Department of Systems Biology in 2012. Outside of the confines of our institutions, recent results on the role of DNA structure and, in particular, of minor groove width in determining binding specificity of Hox transcription factors and histones has had profound impact on the way we think of the role of DNA in determining protein binding specificity, no longer as a string of nucleic acids but as a true molecular structure. Similarly, in cancer, pioneering MAGNet pioneering work on the interrogation of regulatory networks and molecular signatures to identify key determinants of tumorigenesis, progression, and drug sensitivity, has had significant impact in the study of melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and glioblastoma. MAGNet investigators have organized and co-organized a number of cancer systems biology meetings, including the recent AACR Cancer Systems Biology, and the annual meeting of …
Lovastatin‐Mediated Changes in Human Tendon Cells

Statins are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. Numerous studies have shown their beneficial effects in prevention of cardiovascular disease through cholesterol‐lowering and anti‐atherosclerotic properties. Although some statin patients may experience muscle‐related symptoms, severe side effects of statin therapy are rare, primarily due to extensive first‐pass metabolism in the liver. Skeletal muscles appear to be the main site of side effects; however, recently some statin‐related adverse effects have been described in tendon. The mechanism behind these side effects remains unknown. This is the first study that explores tendon‐specific effects of statins in human primary tenocytes. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of lovastatin for up to 1 week. No changes in cell viability or morphology were observed in tenocytes incubated with therapeutic doses. Short‐term exposure to lovastatin concentrations outside the therapeutic range had no effect on tenocyte viability; however, cell migration was reduced. Simvastatin and atorvastatin, two other drug family members, also reduced the migratory properties of the cells. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of lovastatin induced changes in cytoskeleton leading to cell rounding and decreased levels of mRNA for matrix proteins, but increased BMP‐2 expression. Gap junctional communication was impaired but due to cell shape change and separation rather than direct gap junction inhibition. These effects were accompanied by inhibition of prenylation of Rap1a small GTPase. Collectively, we showed that statins in a dose‐dependent manner decrease migration of human tendon cells, alter their expression profile and impair the functional network, but do not inhibit gap junction function. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2543–2551, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Athletic Subculture Within Student-Athlete Academic Centers

Over 400,000 student-athletes participate in NCAA intercollegiate athletics programs. Due to their dual roles as student and athlete, they have a different college experience than the general student population. Specialized academic centers and resources for student-athletes are part of the reason they are separated and often isolated from the rest of campus. Teams have their own unique academic subculture that influences each student-athlete in his or her academic pursuits. The purpose of this study is to explore the athletic academic subculture among student-athletes at the Division I level and the role the athletic academic center and special resources play in cultivating a separate culture from the campus culture. Symbolic interactionism was the framework used as the lens to view the results of this study in the context of neoliberalism.
Alternative Mating Type Configurations (a/α versus a/a or α/α) of Candida albicans Result in Alternative Biofilms Regulated by Different Pathways

Similar multicellular structures can evolve within the same organism that may have different evolutionary histories, be controlled by different regulatory pathways, and play similar but nonidentical roles. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, a quite extraordinary example of this has occurred. Depending upon the configuration of the mating type locus (a/α versus a/a or α/α), C. albicans forms alternative biofilms that appear similar morphologically, but exhibit dramatically different characteristics and are regulated by distinctly different signal transduction pathways. Biofilms formed by a/α cells are impermeable to molecules in the size range of 300 Da to 140 kDa, are poorly penetrated by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and are resistant to antifungals. In contrast, a/a or α/α biofilms are permeable to molecules in this size range, are readily penetrated by PMNs, and are susceptible to antifungals. By mutational analyses, a/α biofilms are demonstrated to be regulated by the Ras1/cAMP pathway that includes Ras1→Cdc35→cAMP(Pde2—|)→Tpk2(Tpk1)→Efg1→Tec1→Bcr1, and a/a biofilms by the MAP kinase pathway that includes Mfα→Ste2→ (Ste4, Ste18, Cag1)→Ste11→Hst7→Cek2(Cek1)→Tec1. These observations suggest the hypothesis that while the upstream portion of the newly evolved pathway regulating a/a and α/α cell biofilms was derived intact from the upstream portion of the conserved pheromone-regulated pathway for mating, the downstream portion was derived through modification of the downstream portion of the conserved pathway for a/α biofilm formation. C. albicans therefore forms two alternative biofilms depending upon mating configuration.
Tracking hepatitis C virus quasispecies major and minor variants in symptomatic and asymptomatic liver transplant recipients

To evaluate the possibility that distinct viral quasispecies play a role in the pathogenesis of progressive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we performed a detailed evaluation of HCV quasispecies before and after liver transplantation in five patients infected with HCV genotype 1, three of whom developed severe recurrent hepatitis C and two of whom developed asymptomatic posttransplant infections with high-titered viremia. HCV quasispecies were characterized by using a combination of nucleotide sequencing plus heteroduplex tracking assay of the second envelope gene hypervariable region (HVR). An average of 30 HVR clones were analyzed per specimen; an average of five specimens were analyzed per patient over a 6- to 24-month study period. The complexity of HCV quasispecies in pretransplant serum varied, ranging from one to nine genetically distinct variants for the five patients. However, in all five cases, relatively homogenous quasispecies variants emerged after liver transplantation. In the three patients who developed recurrent hepatitis, quasispecies major variants present in pretransplant serum were efficiently propagated immediately after liver transplantation and were propagated throughout the course of acute and chronic hepatitis. In contrast, in the two asymptomatic cases, we observed rapid depletion of pretransplant quasispecies major variants from posttransplant serum, followed by emergence of new quasispecies variants by posttransplant day 30. Genetic analysis suggested that in these cases, the new quasispecies variants were derived from minor variants present at relatively low clonal frequency (less than 5% of HVR clones) within the pretransplant quasispecies populations. These data demonstrate that quasispecies tracking patterns are associated with the rapidity and severity of HCV-associated liver disease after liver transplantation. Further characterization of HCV quasispecies in animal model systems is warranted.
Handwriting Recognition of Whiteboard Notes - Studying the Influence of Training Set Size and Type

This paper presents a system for the recognition of online whiteboard notes. Notes written on a whiteboard is a new modality in handwriting recognition research that has received relatively little attention in the past. For the recognition we use an offline HMM-recognizer, which is supplemented with methods for processing the online data and generating offline images. The system consists of six main modules: online preprocessing, transformation of online to offline data, offline preprocessing, feature extraction, classification and post-processing. The recognition rate of our basic recognizer in a writer independent experiment is 59.5%. By applying state-of-the-art methods, such as optimizing the number of states and Gaussian components, and by including a language model we could achieve a statistically significant increase of the recognition rate to 64.3%. To further improve the system performance we increased the size of the training set. For that we investigated two different strategies. First, we used another existing database of offline handwritten text. Second, we used a recently collected whiteboard database, called the IAM-OnDB. By means of these strategies the recognition rate could be further increased up to 68.5%.
Penguasaan Konsep Lingkaran Terhadap Kemampuan Spasial Matematika Siswa Pokok Bahasan Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Cirebon

Konsep lingkaran adalah konsep dasar yang harus dipahami lebih lanjut untuk memahami mengenai konsep bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Sehingga alur konsep ini dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan spasialÂ pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui penguasaan konsep pada materi lingkaran pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Cirebon; (2) Mengetahui kemampuan spasial yang dimiliki oleh siswa; (3) Mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh penguasaan konsep lingkaran terhadap kemampuan spasial siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Kota Cirebon dengan keseluruhan populasi sebanyak 359 sisswa dari kelas VIII. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan metode cluster random sampling, yang terpilih adalah kelas VIII D sebanyak 38 siswa sebagai sampel dari penelitian. Â Berdasarkan analisis data, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai penguasaan konsep lingkaran adalah 70,34 dan rata-rata siswa kategori tinggi 72,34 yang termasuk tinggi. Hasil dari persamaan regresi dalam memprediksi kemampuan spasial berdasarkan penguasaan konsep lingkaran adalah mengindikasikan pengaruh yang positif. Setelah menguji hipotesis dengan , analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh penguasaan konsep lingkaran terhadap kemampuam spasial siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan kontribusi 42%, 58% ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor lainnya. Â DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.22342/jpm.10. 1.3266. 15-25
Community orientation of services for persons with a psychiatric disability. Comparison between Estonia, Hungary and the Netherlands

ABSTRACT This article explores the way mental health services and social services are orientated on assisting people with a psychiatric disability to participate in different areas of community life. A large research project about community participation in three different countries (Estonia, Hungary and the Netherlands) confirms the findings of other studies that – regardless of geographical location – people with a psychiatric disability have difficulty fulfilling social roles in the community. They are often faced with fewer opportunities than other citizens, due to their health problems, stigma, discrimination and poverty [World Health Organisation. (2011). World report on disability. Geneva: WHO]. An important objective of social work is to help people find their way in society. Surprisingly enough, in all three countries, most social workers are mainly focused on solving individual problems, and not on community participation. Shifting the focus starts by having a clear awareness of the notion of community participation. Social workers have to work both on supporting individuals to find their way in the community (individual support), and on supporting social networks in the community to accommodate persons with a disability on the basis of equal and valued citizenship (community support).
The Effectiveness of School-Based Nutritional Education Program among Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Study

The purpose of the study was to determine the change in body weight and body mass index (BMI), as well as diet behaviors at 4 months after intervention between obese adolescent girls who participated in the school-based nutritional education program, addressed by pediatrician, compared to those who attended regular nutritional class. Methods. 49 obese girls were recruited from a secondary school. Those, were randomized into 2 groups of intervention and control. The intensive interactive nutritional program was provided to the intervention group. Weight and height, dietary record and % fat consumption, as well as self-administered questionnaires on healthy diet attitudes were collected at baseline and 4-month follow-up, and then compared between two groups. Results. There was a statistically significant change of BMI in the intervention group by 0.53 ± 1.16 kg/m2 (P = 0.016) compared to the control group (0.51 ± 1.57 kg/m2, P = 0.063) but no significant change in calorie and % fat consumption between groups. The attitudes on healthy eating behaviors in the intervention group were shown improving significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Interactive and intensive nutritional education program as shown in the study was one of the most successful school-based interventions for obese adolescents.
Disclosing the Ligand- and Solvent-Induced Changes on the Spin Transition and Optical Properties of Fe(II)-Indazolylpyridine Complexes

The family of the spin crossover (SCO) compounds based on the 1-bpp unit has furnished striking examples of how subtle changes in the crystal packing have important consequences in their spin transition. Small modifications of the 1-bpp unit itself have been recently reported, obtaining the indazolyl and pirazolyl derivatives [FeII(1-bip)]2+ (1, 1-bip = 2,6-bis(indazol-1-yl)pyridine), [FeII(1,2-bip)]2+ (2, 1,2-bip = 2-(indazol-1-yl)-6-(indazol-2-yl)pyridine), [FeII(2-bip)]2+ (3, 2-bip = 2,6-bis(indazol-2-yl)pyridine), [FeII(1-ipp)]2+ (4, 1-ipp = 2-(indazol-1-yl)-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) and [FeII(2-ipp)]2+ (5, 2-ipp = 2-(indazol-2-yl)-6-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine). In this work we study the consequences of a change in the ligand structure and solvent on the SCO of 1–5. More specifically, we demonstrate that their different behavior is not due to an intraligand H···H contact, as suggested experimentally, but to an unfavorable arrangement of the FeN6 core that some of the ligands might create, which destabilizes their Low Spin (LS) state structure and, thus, alters the transition temperature. Further, by means of solid state calculations, we disclose the effect of the solvent on the structure and crystal cohesion of the crystals. Finally, we analyze the emission and adsorption properties of 1–5, with special interest in the evolution of the absorption spectroscopy of the ligands upon complexation, and its relation with the spin multiplicity of the iron ion.
In Vivo Effects of Amphetamine Analogs Reveal Evidence for Serotonergic Inhibition of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission in the Rat

Evidence suggests that elevations in extracellular serotonin (5-HT) in the brain can diminish stimulant effects of dopamine (DA). To assess this proposal, we evaluated the pharmacology of amphetamine analogs (m-fluoroamphetamine, p-fluoroamphetamine, m-methylamphetamine, p-methylamphetamine), which display similar in vitro potency as DA releasers (EC50 = 24–52 nM) but differ in potency as 5-HT releasers (EC50 = 53–1937 nM). In vivo microdialysis was used to assess the effects of drugs on extracellular DA and 5-HT in rat nucleus accumbens, while simultaneously measuring ambulation (i.e., forward locomotion) and stereotypy (i.e., repetitive movements). Rats received two intravenous injections of drug, 1 mg/kg at time 0 followed by 3 mg/kg 60 min later. All analogs produced dose-related increases in dialysate DA and 5-HT, but the effects on DA did not agree with in vitro predictions. Maximal elevation of dialysate DA ranged from 5- to 14-fold above baseline and varied inversely with 5-HT response, which ranged from 6- to 24-fold above baseline. All analogs increased ambulation and stereotypy, but drugs causing greater 5-HT release (e.g., p-methylamphetamine) were associated with significantly less forward locomotion. The magnitude of ambulation was positively correlated with extracellular DA (p < 0.001) and less so with the ratio of DA release to 5-HT release (i.e., percentage DA increase divided by percentage 5-HT increase) (p < 0.029). Collectively, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that 5-HT release dampens stimulant effects of amphetamine-type drugs, but further studies are required to address the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding Safety issues associated with the DNA in animal feed derived from genetically modified crops. A review of scientific and regulatory procedures

The world’s population is expected to increase by a third in the next 30 years, whilst land for crop and livestock production will continue to decline with further urbanisation. It is thus inevitable that intensive agriculture will continue in order to ensure adequate food supplies to provide a satisfactory diet for an ever-increasing number of people. This is contrary to the views of those who, with plentiful supplies of food urge the adoption of less intensive systems, where use of fertilisers, herbicides and insecticides are being phased out. But such systems are not likely to become the model for world food production, leaving the majority involved in food provision to strive for intensive systems of livestock and crop production, which are more benign with respect to the environment. It is in this context, that the development and use of genetically modified (GM) crops could offer considerable potential.