Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet and Cell Phone Based Smoking Cessation Programs among Adolescents.

Smoking cessation among adolescents is a salient public health issue, as it can prevent the adoption of risky health behaviors and reduce negative impacts on health. Self-efficacy, household and social support systems, and perceived benefits are some important cessation determinants. With the popular use of the Internet and cell phone usage among adolescents, smoking cessation programs are beginning to adopt these new delivery methods. The purpose of the study is to review interventions between 2005 and 2009 that used the Internet or cell phones for smoking cessation among 11 to 19 year olds. A systematic search of the CINAHL, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Medline databases was done. A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Interventions mainly used the Internet as a form of assistance to enhance the effectiveness of the program. One intervention used text messaging through cell phones. Self-efficacy, household and social support systems and perceived benefits were found to be significant predictors. Programs with multiple approaches, using the Internet as an adjunct were more effective than programs that solely relied on the Internet. Future research is needed to verify its success in cessation practices. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Laboratory photochemical processing of aqueous aerosols: formation and degradation of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls

Abstract. To better understand the photochemical processing of dicarboxylic acids and related polar compounds, we conducted batch UV irradiation experiments on two types of aerosol samples collected from India, which represent anthropogenic (AA) and biogenic (BA) aerosols, for time periods of 0.5 to 120 h. The irradiated samples were analyzed for molecular compositions of diacids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls. The results show that photochemical degradation of oxalic (C2), malonic (C3) and other C8–C12 diacids overwhelmed their production in aqueous aerosols, whereas succinic acid (C4) and C5–C7 diacids showed a significant increase (ca. 10 times) during the course of irradiation experiments. The photochemical formation of oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls overwhelmed their degradation during the early stages of experiment except for ω-oxooctanoic acid (ωC8), which showed a similar pattern to that of C4. We also found a gradual decrease in the relative abundance of C2 to total diacids and an increase in the relative abundance of C4 during prolonged experiment. Based on the changes in concentrations and mass ratios of selected species with the irradiation time, we hypothesize that iron-catalyzed photolysis of C2 and C3 diacids controls their concentrations in Fe-rich atmospheric waters, whereas photochemical formation of C4 diacid (via ωC8) is enhanced with photochemical processing of aqueous aerosols in the atmosphere. This study demonstrates that the ambient aerosols contain abundant precursors that produce diacids, oxoacids and α-dicarbonyls, although some species such as oxalic acid decompose extensively during an early stage of photochemical processing.
Exploring Relationships Among Proactiveness, Risk‐Taking and Innovation Output in Family and Non‐Family Firms

In an empirical investigation of 532 Finnish firms, and using the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) literature to frame our arguments, we demonstrate that relationships among proactivity, risk-taking and innovation output differ in family and non-family firms. Specifically, we find evidence that risk-taking does not affect innovation output in family firms, whereas in non-family firms, innovation output is increased through risk-taking. Also, proactive family firms influence their innovation output more positively than proactive non-family firms do. This study adds important new insights to the growing knowledge of EO, which are discussed in the following for both academic and business audiences.
A Methodology for Teaching Industrial Ecology.

Purpose – To describe a way of teaching industrial ecology (IE) and to show some tools that may help for the IE teaching.Design/methodology/approach – In the paper, the development of lectures, practical lessons and projects on real industrial ecosystems are described. Also the teaching materials used are described.Findings – The presented methodology for teaching IE has been a good means for the understanding of the IE concept. Some of the educational tools presented have helped the students to increase their awareness of the distance between IE and the real industrial field, discover that there are a lot of by‐product exchange possibilities between industries, to develop their creativity, to connect the theory to practice in the industrial systems and have encouraged them to try to put the IE ideas into practice. This methodology has been useful for either small or big groups and for people with either the same or very different backgrounds. And it has been observed that the quality of the work is enhan.
State Dependence in Fundamentals and Preferences Explains Risk-Aversion Puzzle

The authors examine the ability of economic models with regime shifts to rationalize and explain the risk-aversion and pricing-kernel puzzles put forward in Jackwerth (2000). They build an economy where investors' preferences or economic fundamentals are state-dependent, and simulate prices for a market index and European options on that index. Based on the original nonparametric methodology, the risk-aversion and pricing-kernel functions obtained across wealth states with these artificial data exhibit the same puzzles found with the actual data, but within each regime the puzzles disappear. This suggests that state dependence potentially explains the puzzles.
Low-dose corticosteroids during severe community-acquired pneumonia: end of the story

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite improvement in patient management. Early recognition of lung infection and prompt initiation of adequate antibiotherapy are crucial elements to ensuring favourable outcomes [1–3]. Nonetheless, in a number of cases, death occurs despite both these targets being met. In these patients, possible excessive inflammatory responses, as in sepsis and septic shock, are believed to contribute to unfavourable outcome. Animal models have elegantly shown that part of the inflammatory response, initially destined to combat the pathogens invading the lungs (such as neutrophil products) may induce tissue damage even in the absence of any bacterial challenge [4]. They have also provided evidence that inhibiting inflammatory signalling lessens lung injury in murine models of Escherichia coli [5, 6] or Pseudomonas aeruginosa [7] pneumonia. These results and many others have prompted clinicians to investigate the potential benefit of administering corticosteroids to counterbalance an intense inflammatory process in order to improve outcome. This search has been a long and winding road which many researchers have taken with varying success. In cases of community-acquired pneumonia, corticosteroids should only be given if septic shock is also present http://ow.ly/FUCHN
The Demand for Vice: Inter-Commodity Interactions with Uncertainty

This paper analyses consumption patterns of vice -- marijuana, tobacco and alcohol. To deal with imperfect marijuana data, we exploit the interdependencies in the consumption of the three drugs identified in prior research, and introduce a Monte Carlo simulation procedure to formally account for the inherent uncertainty in marijuana-related data and parameters. To illustrate the application of the framework, we use Australian data to simulate the impact on the consumption of vice of a reduction in the price of marijuana; changes in pre-existing taxes on tobacco and alcohol; legalisation of marijuana, which is then subject to taxation; and a tax tradeoff involving the introduction of a revenue-neutral tax on marijuana that is offset by reduced alcohol taxation. The revenue-maximising tax rate for marijuana of about 50% is estimated to yield additional revenue of about 15% of the pre-existing proceeds from vice taxation. The role of uncertainty surrounding marijuana is highlighted by providing the entire probability distributions of all endogenous variables in a consistent multivariate framework.
Market integration for natural gas in Europe

In this paper, we examine the degree of market integration in French gas imports. Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export countries, and do prices move together? Furthermore, we analyse to what extent the French, German and Belgian markets are integrated. The long-term take-or-pay contracts are described and analysed. Time series of Norwegian, Dutch and Russian gas export prices are examined for the period 1990-1997. Co-integration tests show that the different border prices for gas to France move proportionally over time, indicating that the Law of One Price holds. Although one could expect different producer countries to have different supply obligations, we do not find any significant differences in mean prices. When the study is extended to an inter-country analysis, including Germany and Belgium, we find that national markets are highly integrated.
Greedy pursuit algorithms for sparse signal reconstruction in the case of impulsive noise

This work addresses sparse signal reconstruction problem in the presence of impulsive noise based on greedy algorithms. The impulsive noise, in this paper, is modeled by an unknown sparse vector so that the impulsive suppression problem is transformed to an estimation problem. To accurately recover the signal of interest (SOI) and suppress the noise, a joint estimation is devised to simultaneously perform the noise suppression and the SOI recovery. To efficiently solve the problem, greedy algorithm based iterative procedure is developed in which both the SOI and the impulsive noise are estimated utilizing their sparse structures. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the joint greedy estimation algorithm.
QUANTUM FISHER INFORMATION AND UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

Recently S. Luo and Q. Zhang proved a different kind of uncertainty principle (see [3], Theorem 2), in the SchrNodinger form, where the lower bound appears because the variables A,B are not commuting with the state ρ (in contrast with standard uncertainty principle where the bound depends on the commutator [A,B]). This result was conjectured by S. Luo himself and Z. Zhang in a previous paper [4]. The inequality by Luo and Zhang has been recently generalized by Kosaki [2] and Yanagi-FuruichiKuriyama [5] and the final result is Varρ(A)·Varρ(B)−|Re{Covρ(A,B)}| ≥ Iρ,α(A)Iρ,α(B)−|Re{Corrρ,α(A, B)}|2 ∀α ∈ (0, 1) where I and Corr are related to the Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information of parameter α. The purpose of this talk is to put the above inequality in a more geometric form by means of quantum Fisher information (namely the monotone metrics classified by Petz). In this way the lower bound will appear as a simple function of the area spanned by the commutators i[A, ρ], i[B, ρ] in the tangent space to the state ρ, provided the state space is equipped with a suitable monotone metric. At this point it is natural to ask whether such an inequality holds for every quantum Fisher information. The answer turns out to be negative and a counterexample will be given (see [1]). This is a joint work with T.Isola.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Beet Webworm, Spoladea recurvalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the beet webworm, Spoladea recurvalis has been sequenced. The circular genome is 15,273 bp in size, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes and containing a control region with gene order and orientation identical to that of other ditrysian lepidopteran mitogenomes. The nucleotide composition of the mitogenome shows a high A+T content of 80.9%, and the AT skewness is slightly negative (-0.023). All PCGs start with the typical ATN codons, except for COX1, which may start with the CGA codon. Nine of 13 PCGs have the common stop codon TAA; however, COX1, COX2 and ND5 utilize the T nucleotide and ND4 utilizes TA nucleotides as incomplete termination codons. All tRNAs genes are folded into the typical cloverleaf structure of mitochondrial tRNAs, except for the tRNASer(AGY) gene, in which the DHU arm fails to form a stable stem-loop structure. A total of 157 bp intergenic spacers are scattered in 17 regions. The overlapping sequences are 42 bp in total and found in eight different locations. The 329 bp AT-rich region is comprised of non-repetitive sequences, including the motif ATAG, which is followed by a 14 bp poly-T stretch, a (AT11 microsatellite-like repeat, which is adjacent to the motif ATTTA, and a 9 bp poly-A, which is immediately upstream from the tRNAMet gene. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 13 PCGs and 13 PCGs+2 rRNAs using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood methods, show that the classification position of Pyraloidea is inconsistent with the traditional classification. Hesperioidea is placed within the Papilionoidea rather than as a sister group to it. The Pyraloidea is placed within the Macrolepidoptera with other superfamilies instead of the Papilionoidea.
Endocytosis and exocytosis of nanoparticles in mammalian cells

Engineered nanoparticles that can be injected into the human body hold tremendous potential to detect and treat complex diseases. Understanding of the endocytosis and exocytosis mechanisms of nanoparticles is essential for safe and efficient therapeutic application. In particular, exocytosis is of significance in the removal of nanoparticles with drugs and contrast agents from the body, while endocytosis is of great importance for the targeting of nanoparticles in disease sites. Here, we review the recent research on the endocytosis and exocytosis of functionalized nanoparticles based on various sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries. We believe that this review contributes to the design of safe nanoparticles that can efficiently enter and leave human cells and tissues.
“A Tale of Two Time Scales: Determining Integrated Volatility with Noisy High-Frequency Data”

It is common practice in finance to estimate volatility from the sum of frequentlysampled squared returns. However, market microstructure poses challenges to this estimation approach, as evidenced by recent empirical studies in finance. I will talk briefly about the present work on how to lay out theoretical grounds that reconcile continuous-time modeling and discrete-time samples. I will mention why and where the ‘usual’ volattility estimator fails when the returns are sampled at the highest frequencies. If the noise is asymptotically small, recent work provides a way of finding the optimal sampling frequency. A better approach, the ‘two scales estimator’, works for any size of the noise.
when making

haemoglobin concentration required to aid haemostasis is unclear targeting a level of 7–9 g dl has been suggested. Thus interpretation of VEM results in conjunction with the haemoglobin level and platelet count empowers the clinician to make appropriate decisions regarding further blood component therapy. Haemostatic resuscitation and monitoring is in the midst of a paradigm shift. The treatment of the bleeding and coagulopathic mother after delivery is team based rather than specialty based and, as highlighted recently in this journal, many lifesaving decisions have to be made in the face of clinical uncertainty. This review highlights several ways for the obstetric anaesthetist to inform their decisionmaking when facing these complex and critical clinical situations.
Transcriptome Profiling of Watermelon Root in Response to Short-Term Osmotic Stress

Osmotic stress adversely affects the growth, fruit quality and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai). Increasing the tolerance of watermelon to osmotic stress caused by factors such as high salt and water deficit is an effective way to improve crop survival in osmotic stress environments. Roots are important organs in water absorption and are involved in the initial response to osmosis stress; however, few studies have examined the underlying mechanism of tolerance to osmotic stress in watermelon roots. For better understanding of this mechanism, the inbred watermelon accession M08, which exhibits relatively high tolerance to water deficits, was treated with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. The root samples were harvested at 6 h after PEG treatment and untreated samples were used as controls. Transcriptome analyses were carried out by Illumina RNA sequencing. A total of 5246 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene ontology enrichment and biochemical pathway analyses of these 5246 genes showed that short-term osmotic stress affected osmotic adjustment, signal transduction, hormone responses, cell division, cell cycle and ribosome, and M08 may repress root growth to adapt osmotic stress. The results of this study describe the watermelon root transcriptome under osmotic stress and propose new insight into watermelon root responses to osmotic stress at the transcriptome level. Accordingly, these results allow us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of watermelon in response to drought stress and will facilitate watermelon breeding projects to improve drought tolerance.
Macrodon atricauda (Günther, 1880) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), a valid species from the southwestern Atlantic, with comments on its conservation

The American sciaenid genus Macrodon presently consists of only two species, the Atlantic Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), and the Pacific Macrodon mordax (Gilbert & Starks, 1904). The two species are distinguished mainly by the number of pored scales on the lateral line (66–78 in M. ancylodon vs. 45–55 in M. mordax). The present study revalidates a third species, the second from the Atlantic, Macrodon atricauda (Gunther, 1880), which is genetically, morphologically, and geographically distinct from M. ancylodon, occurring between the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo and northern Argentina. It has significant economic importance in the area and thus considerations about its conservation are also presented.
Endoparasites of Fat-Tailed Mouse Opossums (Thylamys: Didelphidae) from Northwestern Argentina and Southern Bolivia, with the Description of a New Species of Tapeworm

The parasite fauna of 2 species of fat-tailed mouse opossums from northwestern Argentina is herein presented. Five species of helminths were found, i.e., Pterygodermatites kozeki, Hoineffia simplispicula, Oligacanthorhynchus sp. , and a new species of tapeworm, Mathevotaenia sanmartini n. sp. (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae). The new species is characterized by a calyciform scolex, relatively few testes (32), and a long cirrus sac; it occurs in fat-tailed mouse opossums at localities above 4,000 m. Those characters make it different from 6 species known to occur in marsupials from the New World, and from other species occurring in armadillos and bats. Didelphoxyuris thylamisis, H. simplicispicula, and Oligacanthorhynchus sp. appear to occur in marmosas from the Yungas region. In contrast, both P. kozeki and M. sanmartini n. sp. appear to occur exclusively in the Puna.
Examining neurochemical determinants of inspection time Development of a biological model

Inspection time (IT), an information-processing correlate of psychometric intelligence, has been extensively studied. Previous research has shown that IT is a reliable correlate of psychometric intelligence across different developmental periods, mirroring developmental trends of fluid intelligence. Despite this extensive previous literature, very little is known about the biological basis of IT. In the present review, we discuss recent results from our laboratories examining the neurochemical determinants of IT. In this review, we outline the significance of several studies in which performance on the IT task is measured before and after modulating key human central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters and receptor systems (e.g., cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems). The results of these studies indicate a primarily cholinergic basis for IT, although other aspects of psychometric intelligence may have serotonergic and dopaminergic determinants in addition to a cholinergic basis. The results are consistent with data reporting cholinergic depletion and impaired IT performance in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). Speculatively, we propose that compounds that enhance the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) will improve IT and the variance that IT shares with IQ test performance. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Client, Industry, and Country Factors Affecting Choice of Big N Industry Expert Auditors

This study investigates client choice of industry specialist auditors from among the Big N (Big 4 or 5) in an international (non-U.S.) setting. We investigate client-specific, industry-level and country-level factors hypothesized to enhance or decrease Big N clients' demand for industry expertise. Using data for twenty-nine countries and fourteen broad industries from 1993-2005, we find that international client choice of industry specialist Big N auditors is positively associated with client size, client growth opportunities, and client capital intensity. The choice of industry specialists from among the Big N is more prevalent in countries where levels of investor protection, quality of financial reporting environment, and national economic development are higher. Clients belonging to regulated industries tend to select industry specialists.