Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Markers of Taxane Sensitivity Using Proteomic and Genomic Analyses of Breast Tumors from Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel and Radiation

Purpose: To identify molecular markers of pathologic response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel/radiation treatment, protein and gene expression profiling were done on pretreatment biopsies. Experimental Design: Patients with high-risk, operable breast cancer were treated with three cycles of paclitaxel followed by concurrent paclitaxel/radiation. Tumor tissue from pretreatment biopsies was obtained from 19 of the 38 patients enrolled in the study. Protein and gene expression profiling were done on serial sections of the biopsies from patients that achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) and compared to those with residual disease, non-pCR (NR). Results: Proteomic and validation immunohistochemical analyses revealed that α-defensins (DEFA) were overexpressed in tumors from patients with a pCR. Gene expression analysis revealed that MAP2, a microtubule-associated protein, had significantly higher levels of expression in patients achieving a pCR. Elevation of MAP2 in breast cancer cell lines led to increased paclitaxel sensitivity. Furthermore, expression of genes that are associated with the basal-like, triple-negative phenotype were enriched in tumors from patients with a pCR. Analysis of a larger panel of tumors from patients receiving presurgical taxane-based treatment showed that DEFA and MAP2 expression as well as histologic features of inflammation were all statistically associated with response to therapy at the time of surgery. Conclusion: We show the utility of molecular profiling of pretreatment biopsies to discover markers of response. Our results suggest the potential use of immune signaling molecules such as DEFA as well as MAP2, a microtubule-associated protein, as tumor markers that associate with response to neoadjuvant taxane–based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(2); 681–90
Improving Wordnets for Under-Resourced Languages Using Machine Translation

Wordnets are extensively used in natural language processing, but the current approaches for manually building a wordnet from scratch involves large research groups for a long period of time, which are typically not available for under-resourced languages. Even if wordnet-like resources are available for under-resourced languages, they are often not easily accessible, which can alter the results of applications using these resources. Our proposed method presents an expand approach for improving and generating wordnets with the help of machine translation. We apply our methods to improve and extend wordnets for the Dravidian languages, i.e., Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, which are severly under-resourced languages. We report evaluation results of the generated wordnet senses in term of precision for these languages. In addition to that, we carried out a manual evaluation of the translations for the Tamil language, where we demonstrate that our approach can aid in improving wordnet resources for under-resourced Dravidian languages.
Using ARM trustzone to build a trusted language runtime for mobile applications

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Trusted Language Runtime (TLR), a system that protects the confidentiality and integrity of . NET mobile applications from OS security breaches. TLR enables separating an application's security-sensitive logic from the rest of the application, and isolates it from the OS and other apps. TLR provides runtime support for the secure component based on a . NET implementation for embedded devices. TLR reduces the TCB of an open source . NET implementation by a factor of $78$ with a tolerable performance cost. The main benefit of the TLR is to bring the developer benefits of managed code to trusted computing. With the TLR, developers can build their trusted components with the productivity benefits of modern high level languages, such as strong typing and garbage collection.
ERYTHROCYTES INDICES IN MALE SMOKERS AND HEROIN ADDICTS

Background: The harmful components of tobacco smoke nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide affect different haematological parameters. Heroin affects almost every system of the body including blood and its components. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of cigarette smoking and heroin abuse on haematological parameters especially erythrocyte indices. Method: The present study was conducted in Physiology department; Khyber Medical College Peshawar from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007. One hundred age and sex matched subjects were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups, i.e., 40 cigarette smokers and 40 heroin addicts, with 20 controls. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS-10. Results: The mean haemoglobin value of cigarette smokers was significantly higher as compared to control subjects (p<0.001). The mean haemoglobin value of heroin addicts was significantly lower when compared with either control group or cigarette smokers (p<0.001). Conclusion: Haematological parameters vary with smoking and heroin abuse. There should be no illusions as to the dangers of cigarettes. The combination of a highly addictive, pharmacologically active substanceâ€“nicotineâ€“and an array of noxious chemicals cunningly packaged in highly efficient delivery mechanism can drastically affect health. Pak J Physiol 2013;9(2):32â€“4
Comparative study on methods of detecting research fronts using different types of citation

In this article, we performed a comparative study to investigate the performance of methods for detecting emerging research fronts. Three types of citation network, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and direct citation, were tested in three research domains, gallium nitride (GaN), complex network (CNW), and carbon nanotube (CNT). Three types of citation network were constructed for each research domain, and the papers in those domains were divided into clusters to detect the research front. We evaluated the performance of each type of citation network in detecting a research front by using the following measures of papers in the cluster: visibility, measured by normalized cluster size, speed, measured by average publication year, and topological relevance, measured by density. Direct citation, which could detect large and young emerging clusters earlier, shows the best performance in detecting a research front, and co-citation shows the worst. Additionally, in direct citation networks, the clustering coefficient was the largest, which suggests that the content similarity of papers connected by direct citations is the greatest and that direct citation networks have the least risk of missing emerging research domains because core papers are included in the largest component. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Intangible Capital Affect Economic Growth?

Using new international comparable data on intangible capital investment by business within a panel analysis from 1995-2005 in an EU-15 country sample, this paper finds a positive and significant relationship between intangible capital investment by business and labour productivity growth. This relationship is cross-sectional in nature and proves to be robust to a range of alterations. Our empirical analysis confirms previous findings that the inclusion of business intangible capital investment into the asset boundary of the national accounting framework increases the rate of change of output per worker more rapidly. In addition, intangible capital is able to explain a significant portion of the unexplained international variance in labour productivity growth and when incorporating business intangibles, capital deepening becomes an even more significant source of growth. The relationship is slightly stronger in the time period 1995-2000 and seems to be driven by the coordinated countries within the EU-15.
Japanese stock market reaction to announcements of news affecting auditors ’ reputation : The case of the Olympus fraud

The revelation of accounting fraud by the Olympus Corporation gave rise to shareholder allegations of audit failure against Olympus’ auditors—Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC and KPMG AZSA LLC—in 2011. In this study, we investigate whether the auditors’ affiliation with Olympus contributes to divergent perceptions of audit quality in the event of news announcements affecting the reputation of Olympus’ auditors. First, we use a nonparametric generalized rank event study methodology on 918 sample firms from the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) to observe Japanese investors’ perceptions of auditor reputation as proxied by abnormal returns. Second, we perform a multivariate linear regression on firms’ abnormal returns after controlling for firm-specific variables. We find that Japanese investors do not respond to negative or neutral reputational information arising from news announcements concerning Olympus’ auditors for firms affiliated and not affiliated with those auditors. In the absence of legal penalties imposed on Olympus’ auditors, we argue that Japanese investors consider the Olympus fraud case as an expected occurrence of audit failure due to a lack of evidence suggesting systematic audit failure on the part of Olympus’ auditors and an expectation of lower audit quality in the Japanese capital market. As a result, Japanese investors do not consider news announcements affecting the Olympus auditors’ reputation as sufficient evidence to change their prior expectation regarding the reputations of the audit firms affiliated with the Olympus fraud case. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Competence and accountability in education

Competence-based education, David Brady achieving consistency in NVQ assessment, Christine Johnson TDLB units - threat or improvement? , David Neve aspects of competence in a nursing context, John Sheehan after the Smithers Report - claim and counter-claim, Peter McKenzie and Paul Oliver competence in initial teacher-training - technical or professional? , Bob Butroyd accountability and the professional environment of teachers, Philip Mitchell the concept of competence in primary teaching, Mary Jane Drummond tying up loose ends or blueprint for education for the next 25 years? , Peter McBride the necessity of NCVQ, Lewis Owen.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Dis Aquat Org Proteomic Analysis of Flavobacterium Psychrophilum Cultured in Vivo and in Iron-limited Media

INTRODUCTION Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial coldwater disease (CWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. This pathogen represents a significant problem for aquaculture due to its ability to cause high mortality and subsequent economic losses, a wide geographic distribution, and an ability to infect a large number of fish species (Nema-tollahi et al. 2003). Consequently, there is a need for an effective vaccine that can be easily administered to large numbers of susceptible fish. The success of vaccine development against a pathogen is enhanced by knowledge of host –pathogen interactions, such as the host mechanisms involved in eliciting a protective immune response and the patho-genic mechanisms or virulence factors of the pathogen. In recent years, a number of such mechanisms have ABSTRACT: Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease, but the pathogenic mechanisms of this important fish pathogen are not fully understood. Identifying bacterial genes of F. psychrophilum differentially expressed in vivo may lead to a better understanding of pathogenesis and provide targets for vaccine development. Therefore, the present study used a proteomic approach to identify and quantify proteins of F. psychrophilum following growth in vivo and under iron-limited growth conditions. As determined by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), numerous proteins exhibited different spot intensities following culture of the bacterium in vivo, and of these, 20 were selected and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and Mascot searches of the F. psychrophilum genome. Eighteen proteins exhibited increased spot intensities in vivo, and these included: several chaperone and stress proteins, gliding motility protein GldN, outer membrane protein OmpH, 2 probable outer membrane proteins (OmpA family), probable aminopeptidase precursor, probable lipoprotein precursor , 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-reductase, and several proteins with unknown function. Two proteins exhibited decreased spot intensities in vivo and were identified as ferritin FtnA and outer membrane protein OmpA (P60). Culture of F. psychrophilum in iron-limited media resulted in similar protein spot intensity changes for 6 of the 20 proteins identified following growth in vivo. Results from the present study suggest a role of upregulated proteins in the pathogenesis of F. psychrophi-lum and these may represent potential vaccine candidate antigens. KEY WORDS: Flavobacterium psychrophilum · Pathogenesis · Vaccine candidate · Bacterial coldwater disease · Proteomic · In vivo growth · Iron-limited growth Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher begun to be elucidated for Flavobacterium psychro-philum. Research has demonstrated …
Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes during isradipine therapy.

OBJECTIVE Calcium-channel blockade impairs renal autoregulation in animals. Impaired renal autoregulation leads to transmission of the systemic blood pressure (BP) into the glomerulus, resulting in capillary hypertension. Information on the impact of calcium antagonist treatment on renal autoregulation in humans is lacking. This study examines the effect of isradipine treatment on the autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a randomized double-blind crossover study with 5 mg o.d. isradipine retard and matching placebo in 16 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Each treatment arm lasted 4 weeks. On the last day of each treatment period, GFR (single-shot 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance technique for 4 h) was measured twice between 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. , first without clonidine and then after intravenous injection of 75 micro g clonidine. BP was measured every 10 min (Takeda TM2420; A&D, Tokyo). RESULTS Clonidine reduced mean arterial BP (MABP) by 15 +/- 1 vs. 11 +/- 1 mmHg (means +/- SE) during placebo and isradipine treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). GFR was reduced from 102 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 4 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) with placebo (P < 0.01) and from 106 +/- 5 to 98 +/- 5 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) during treatment with isradipine (P < 0.01). Mean difference (95% CI) between changes in GFR with placebo and isradipine was -4.6 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) (-10.0 to 0.6) (P = 0.08). Six patients had a reduction in GFR >13% (exceeding the normal limit of autoregulation) combined with a complete pressure-passive vasculature (defined as DeltaMABP% < or = DeltaGFR%) during isradipine treatment versus none during the placebo treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Isradipine impairs GFR autoregulation in a sizeable proportion of hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
Magnetic Helicity and Flux Tube Dynamics in the Solar Convection Zone

[1] Magnetic helicity, a conserved topological parameter in ideal MHD systems, conditions close to which are realized in the solar plasma, is intimately connected to the creation and subsequent dynamics of magnetic flux tubes in the solar interior. It can therefore be used as a tool to probe such dynamics. In this paper we show how photospheric observations of magnetic helicity of isolated magnetic flux tubes, manifested as the twist and writhe of solar active regions, can constrain the creation and dynamics of flux tubes in the solar convection zone and the nature of convective turbulence itself. We analyze the observed latitudinal distribution of twists in photospheric active regions, derived from solar vector magnetograms, in the largest such sample studied till-date. We confirm and put additional constraints on the hemispheric twist helicity trend and find that the dispersion in the active region twist distribution is latitude-independent, implying that the amplitude of turbulent fluctuations does not vary with latitude in the convection zone. Our data set also shows that the amplitude and dispersion of twist decreases with increasing magnetic size of active regions, supporting the conclusion that larger flux tubes are less affected by turbulence. Among the various theoretical models that have been proposed till-date to explain the origin of twist, our observations best match the Σ effect model, which invokes helical turbulent buffeting of rising flux tubes as the mechanism for twist creation. Finally, we complement our analysis of twists with past observations of tilts in solar active regions and tie them in with theoretical modeling studies, to build up a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of twisted magnetic flux tubes throughout the solar convection zone. This general framework, binding together theory and observations, suggests that flux tubes have a wide range of twists in the solar convection zone, with some as high as to make them susceptible to the kink instability mechanism that results in the formation of δ spot or non-Hale active regions.
Shouldn't Their Stories Be Told In Their Voices: International Students’ Experiences of Adjustment Following Arrival to the U.S.

This study explored the experienced adjustment period for international students following their arrival to the U.S. and whether or not any expressed challenges could be attributed to some type of cultural intolerance or positionality by members of the host culture. This study investigated the experiences of international students’ adjustment strategies as told in their voices and perspectives. Included is an in-depth discussion focusing on strategies for overcoming challenges as well as a rich description of cultural intolerances that contribute to the stresses experienced by international students. A strategy of care and inclusion was employed making it possible for international students to tell their stories from their perspective.
Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogue Systems: Development and Assessment

Preface. 1. Introduction to Dialogue Systems. 1.1 Human-Computer Interaction and Speech Processing. 1.2 Spoken Dialogue Systems. 1.3 Multimodal Dialogue Systems. 1.4 Multilingual Dialogue Systems. 1.5 Dialogue Systems Referenced in This Book. 1.6 Area Organisation and Research Directions. 1.7 Overview of the Book. 1.8 Further Reading. 2. Technologies Employed to Set Up Dialogue Systems. 2.1 Input Interface. 2.2 Multimodal Processing. 2.3 Output Interface. 2.4 Summary. 2.5 Further Reading. 3. Multimodal Dialogue Systems. 3.1 Benefits of Multimodal Interaction. 3.2 Development of Multimodal Dialogue Systems. 3.3 Summary. 3.5 Further Reading. 4. Multilingual Dialogue Systems. 4.1 Implications of Multilinguality in the Architecture of Dialogue Systems. 4.2 Multilingual Dialogue Systems Based on Interlingua. 4.3 Multilingual Dialogue Systems Based on Web Applications. 4.4 Summary. 4.5 Further Reading. 5. Dialogue Annotation, Modelling and Management. 5.1 Dialogue Annotation. 5.2 Dialogue Modelling. 5.3 Dialogue Management. 5.4 Implications of Multimodality in the Dialogue Management. 5.5 Implications of Mulitlinguality in the Dialogue Management. 5.6 Implications of Task Independency in the Dialogue Management. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 Further Reading. 6. Development Tools. 6.1 Tools for Spoken and Multilingual Dialogue Systems. 6.2 Standards and Tools for Multimodal Dialogue Systems. 6.3 Summary. 6.4 Further Reading. 7. Assessment. 7.1 Overview of Evaluation Techniques. 7.2 Evaluation of Spoken and Multilingual Dialogue Systems. 7.3 Evaluation of Multimodal Dialogue Systems. 7.4 Summary. 7.5 Further Reading. Appendix A: Basic Tutorial on VoiceXML. Appendix B: Multimodal Databases. Appendix C: Coding Schemes for Multimodal Resources. Appendix D: URLs of Interest. Appendix E: List of Abbreviations. References. Index.
The human spheno-occipital synchondrosis. II. A histological and microradiographic study of its growth.

The spheno-occipital synchondrosis, dorsum sellae and clivus were studied post mortem in tissue samples from 53 males and 25 females, aged 2 days to 24 years 11 months. The investigation aimed at ascertaining the growth and remodelling changes in these structures during the growth period. Light microscopic and microradiographic techniques were used. In the early ages the organization of the synchondrosis was similar to that of an epiphyseal disc, except that the morphology of the synchondrosial cartilage was bipolar. With increasing age the hyaline cartilage in the upper part of the synchondrosis was replaced by fibro-cartilage, while the central zone in the lower part underwent asbestos transformation. The synchondrosis was completely ossified by 16—17 years of age in girls, and about two years later in boys. Appositional growth and endochondral ossification continued up to 3 years of age in cartilage covering the superior and clival aspects of the dorsum sellae. The cartilage on the superior aspect of d.
Development of epicormic sprouts in Sitka spruce following thinning and pruning in south‐east Alaska

Summary The frequency and size of epicormic sprouts in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. ) were assessed in five 23-29 year-old mixed Sitka spruce-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. ) stands that were uniformly thinned and pruned to 2.4, 3.7 and 5.2 m lift heights. Six to nine years after treatment sprouts were very common with 232 of 236 trees producing sprouts and an average of 9-11 sprouts m -1 of tree bole. The total numbers of sprouts were similar for the different pruning treatments but significantly more large sprouts (P = 0.025) were produced in the 5.2 m pruning lift. Trees that developed large sprouts were significantly smaller, shorter and had less crown length at the time of pruning than trees without large sprouts. Our results suggest that spruce responds to thinning and pruning treatments with the production of numerous epicormic sprouts. If one of the main goals of pruning is to produce clear, higher valued wood, Sitka spruce may be a poor candidate species for pruning.