Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the conjecture of Langlands and Rapoport

FORENOTE (2007): The remarkable conjecture of Langlands and Rapoport (1987) gives a purely group-theoretic description of the points on a Shimura variety modulo a prime of good reduction. In an article in the proceedings of the 1991 Motives conference (Milne 1994, §4), I gave a heuristic derivation of the conjecture assuming a sufficiently good theory of motives in mixed characteristic. I wrote the present article in order to examine what was needed to turn the heuristic argument into a proof, and I distributed it to a few mathematicians (including Vasiu). Briefly, for Shimura varieties of Hodge type (i.e., those embeddable into Siegel modular varieties) I showed that the conjecture is a consquence of three statements: (a) a good theory of rational Tate classes (see statements (a,b,c,d) in §3 below); (b) existence of an isomorphism between integral etale and de Rham cohomology for an abelian scheme over the Witt vectors (see 0.1, 5.4 below); (c) every point in Shp(F) lifts to a special point in Sh(Qal). At the time I wrote the article, I erroneously believed that my work on Lefschetz classes etc. (Milne 1999a,b, 2002, 2005) implied (a). This work does show that (a) (and much more) follows from the Hodge conjecture for complex abelian varieties of CM-type, and in Milne 2007, I discuss some (apparently) much more accessible statements that imply (a). Also, it is possible to prove a variant of (a), which should suffice (in the presence of (b) and (c)) to prove a variant of the conjecture of Langlands and Rapoport, which becomes the true conjecture in the presence of (a). The situation concerning (b) and (c) is better since Vasiu (2003b) and Kisin (2007) have announced proofs of (b), and Vasiu (2003a) has announced a proof of (c). Finally, I mention that Pfau (1993, 1996b,a) has shown that the conjecture of Langlands and Rapoport for Shimura varieties of Hodge type implies that it holds for all Shimura varieties of abelian type (i.e., except for those defined by groups of type E6, E7, and mixed type D). Thus, the case of Shimura varieties of Hodge type is the crucial one. It should be clear from what I have already written, that the present manuscript is only a rough working draft, and not a polished work — everything in it should be taken with a grain of salt.
Palaeomagnetism and chronology of Caledonian igneous episodes in the Cross Fell Inlier and northern Lake District

This study employs palaeomagnetism to differentiate between Palaeozoic minor intrusions in northern England. The lamprophyres of the Cross Fell Inlier subdivide petrographically into kersantites and minettes. All the kersantites have steep directions of magnetisation probably correlating with an interval of anomalous geomagnetic field in Caradocian times. The Threlkeld–St John's microgranodiorite (445 m.y.) and Carrock Fell dolerite dyke swarm also possess steep magnetisations assigned to the same interval. The minettes have shallow directions of magnetisation similar to the Shap Granite (393 m.y.) and correlate with the later Caledonian intrusions of northern England. These episodes of intrusion are separated by late-Silurian tectonism and define a trend of increasing K2O/Na2O in the later magmas of the Caledonian orogeny. Miscellaneous palaeomagnetic results from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, Embleton diorites and Haweswater dolerite are also reported.
A Clinicomycological Study of Cutaneous Mycoses in Sawai Man Singh Hospital of Jaipur, North India

Background: Because of the widespread prevalence of the various cutaneous mycoses in a tropical country like India, it is important to know their patterns of etiology and clinical presentations. Aim: The present study was conducted in order to identify the clinical pattern of various cutaneous mycoses and the common etiological agents affecting the study populations admitted in SMS Hospital, Jaipur, in North India. Materials and Methods: Skin scrapings and hair and nail samples of 160 patients with clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis were collected and subjected to direct microscopy and were cultured in Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Fungal species were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination. Data were presented as simple descriptive statistics (SPSS, Version 17.0 (Chicago Il, USA). Epi Info Version 3.5. 1 (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA). Results: Among the 160 clinically suspected patients of cutaneous mycoses, 60 (37.5%) were confirmed by culture. Dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes (NDM) were isolated from 66.6% (40/60) and 33.3% (20/60) of the positive cultures, respectively. Tinea capitis (50%) 30/60 was the most frequent clinical pattern and genus Trichophyton violaceum 32.5% (13/40) was the most common isolate in dermatophytosis-positive samples. Among the patients positive for NDM by culture, Tinea unguium 35% (7/20) was the most common clinical presentation and Aspergillus species 40% (8/20) were the most common etiological agents isolated. Conclusion: Although dermatophtes have been isolated from the cases of cutaneous mycoses all over the world with various frequencies, the role of NDM in the different cutaneous infections other than those of nail infections need to be evaluated.
Material Binding Peptides for Nanotechnology

Remarkable progress has been made to date in the discovery of material binding peptides and their utilization in nanotechnology, which has brought new challenges and opportunities. Nowadays phage display is a versatile tool, important for the selection of ligands for proteins and peptides. This combinatorial approach has also been adapted over the past decade to select material-specific peptides. Screening and selection of such phage displayed material binding peptides has attracted great interest, in particular because of their use in nanotechnology. Phage display selected peptides are either synthesized independently or expressed on phage coat protein. Selected phage particles are subsequently utilized in the synthesis of nanoparticles, in the assembly of nanostructures on inorganic surfaces, and oriented protein immobilization as fusion partners of proteins. In this paper, we present an overview on the research conducted on this area. In this review we not only focus on the selection process, but also on molecular binding characterization and utilization of peptides as molecular linkers, molecular assemblers and material synthesizers.
Size estimates for intervening C iv absorbers from high-resolution spectroscopy of APM 0827+5255

A new analysis of Keck/HIRES observations of the broad absorption line quasi-stellar object (QSO) APM 0827+5255 indicates that a number of intervening C iv absorbers give rise to absorption lines for which the observed optical depths for the 1548, 1550 A doublet components are not in the expected 2:1 ratio. To compensate for the effect, a local adjustment of the zero-level is required. We model this effect as coverage of one line of sight to this gravitationally lensed QSO and perform a set of simulations to select a sample of lines for which our model provides an explanation for the effect. We use lines in this sample to obtain estimates for minimum C iv absorber sizes from total coverage and the separations of the lines of sight for a range of lens redshifts, zl, and two cosmologies. We also obtain best estimates for overall sizes from a statistical ‘hit and miss’ approach. For zl= 0.7 our results set a lower limit to sizes of C iv absorbers of ∼0.3 h kpc (∼0.5 h kpc) for ΩM= 1, ΩΛ= 0 (ΩM= 0.3, ΩΛ= 0.7), in agreement with other results from similar work but are limited by sample size and the uncertainty in zl. Our method can be used to detect lensed QSOs and to probe absorber sizes when separate spectra cannot be obtained for each line of sight.
Towards a Digital Body: The Virtual Arm Illusion

The integration of the human brain with computers is an interesting new area of applied neuroscience, where one application is replacement of a person's real body by a virtual representation. Here we demonstrate that a virtual limb can be made to feel part of your body if appropriate multisensory correlations are provided. We report an illusion that is invoked through tactile stimulation on a person's hidden real right hand with synchronous virtual visual stimulation on an aligned 3D stereo virtual arm projecting horizontally out of their shoulder. An experiment with 21 male participants showed displacement of ownership towards the virtual hand, as illustrated by questionnaire responses and proprioceptive drift. A control experiment with asynchronous tapping was carried out with a different set of 20 male participants who did not experience the illusion. After 5 min of stimulation the virtual arm rotated. Evidence suggests that the extent of the illusion was also correlated with the degree of muscle activity onset in the right arm as measured by EMG during this period that the arm was rotating, for the synchronous but not the asynchronous condition. A completely virtual object can therefore be experienced as part of one's self, which opens up the possibility that an entire virtual body could be felt as one's own in future virtual reality applications or online games, and be an invaluable tool for the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership.
Business benefits and application capabilities enabled by in-memory data management

Current developments in the area of in-memory data management can significantly change the way business applications will be used in the future. Thus, it will be possible to store huge volumes of single documents directly in main memory for high-speed processing. To introduce and evolve in-memory data management successfully, it is necessary to understand which types of applications benefit most from this new technology. To address this question, we develop typical application patterns. They help to identify promising domains for this innovative technology. We also introduce parameters which support a systematic assessment of corresponding benefits. Our approach is illustrated with examples from different industries.
Serum cholesterol LDL and 90-day mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prognostic significance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the association between LDL-C and mortality in ICH. METHODS Consecutive patients (n=88) presenting with ICH were included in the study. Lipid profile was obtained during the first hours after admission. We analyzed the impact of LDL-C on 90-day mortality using the Hazard Rate (HR) crude, analysis crude for trend by Mantel-Haenszel Test, Multiple Cox Proportional Hazards model, and analysis of survival curves. Association between LDL-C and severity markers of ICH were explored using Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Low LDL-C levels were independently associated with death after intracranial hemorrhage (HR=3.07 (95% CI:1.04 to 9.02; P=0.042) in multivariable analysis after controlling for confounding factors. Analysis for trend showed a significant association (Xt=-2.144; P=0.032) by Mantel-Haenszel Test. Spearman analysis showed no correlation between LDL-C and variables that are markers of ICH severity: NIH score (r=-0.091; P=0.400), GCS score (r=0.136; P=0.207), ICH volume (r=0.140; P=0.192), and length of stay (r=-0.111; P=0.308). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of LDL-C are independently associated with an increased risk of death in patients with brain hemorrhage. We have not found evidences that the levels of LDL-C can act as a biological marker of severity.
Platelet activation and atherothrombosis.

This review of the role of platelets in atherothrombosis illuminates the surprisingly numerous activities of these tiny, anucleate cells and stresses their participation in the inflammatory component of atherothrombosis. The information is presented in the context of the prevention of atherothrombosis by antiplatelet agents now in clinical use.
How robust are reconstruction thresholds for community detection?

The stochastic block model is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous models for studying clustering and community detection. In an exciting sequence of developments, motivated by deep but non-rigorous ideas from statistical physics, Decelle et al. conjectured a sharp threshold for when community detection is possible in the sparse regime. Mossel, Neeman and Sly and Massoulie proved the conjecture and gave matching algorithms and lower bounds. Here we revisit the stochastic block model from the perspective of semirandom models where we allow an adversary to make `helpful' changes that strengthen ties within each community and break ties between them. We show a surprising result that these `helpful' changes can shift the information-theoretic threshold, making the community detection problem strictly harder. We complement this by showing that an algorithm based on semidefinite programming (which was known to get close to the threshold) continues to work in the semirandom model (even for partial recovery). This suggests that algorithms based on semidefinite programming are robust in ways that any algorithm meeting the information-theoretic threshold cannot be. These results point to an interesting new direction: Can we find robust, semirandom analogues to some of the classical, average-case thresholds in statistics? We also explore this question in the broadcast tree model, and we show that the viewpoint of semirandom models can help explain why some algorithms are preferred to others in practice, in spite of the gaps in their statistical performance on random models.
Eccentricity Evolution of Migrating Planets

We examine the eccentricity evolution of a system of two planets locked in a mean motion resonance, in which either the outer or both planets lose energy and angular momentum. The sink of energy and angular momentum could be a gas or planetesimal disk. We analytically calculate the eccentricity damping rate in the case of a single planet migrating through a planetesimal disk. When the planetesimal disk is cold (the average eccentricity is much less than 1), the circularization time τc is comparable to the inward migration time τm, as previous calculations have found for the case of a gas disk. If the planetesimal disk is hot, τc can be an order of magnitude shorter than τm. We show that the eccentricity of both planetary bodies can grow to large values, particularly if the inner body does not directly exchange energy or angular momentum with the disk. We present the results of numerical integrations of two migrating resonant planets showing rapid growth of eccentricity. We also present integrations in which a Jupiter-mass planet is forced to migrate inward through a system of 5-10 roughly Earth-mass planets. The migrating planet can eject or accrete the smaller bodies; roughly 5% of the mass (averaged over all the integrations) accretes onto the central star. The results are discussed in the context of the currently known extrasolar planetary systems.
Reciprocity in social networks - A case study in Tamil Nadu, India

This case study takes us to Tamil Nadu (India) and discusses a Social Network Analysis (SNA) of a community of weavers in the village of Sankarapandiapuram. Subgroups and influential members are identified, and the analysis is placed in the context of the theory of social capital in economics. The presentation is self-contained and is accessible to readers with an introductory level of statistics.
The major thylakoid protein kinases STN7 and STN8 revisited: effects of altered STN8 levels and regulatory specificities of the STN kinases

Thylakoid phosphorylation is predominantly mediated by the protein kinases STN7 and STN8. While STN7 primarily catalyzes LHCII phosphorylation, which enables LHCII to migrate from photosystem (PS) II to PSI, STN8 mainly phosphorylates PSII core proteins. The reversible phosphorylation of PSII core proteins is thought to regulate the PSII repair cycle and PSII supercomplex stability, and play a role in modulating the folding of thylakoid membranes. Earlier studies clearly demonstrated a considerable substrate overlap between the two STN kinases, raising the possibility of a balanced interdependence between them at either the protein or activity level. Here, we show that such an interdependence of the STN kinases on protein level does not seem to exist as neither knock-out nor overexpression of STN7 or STN8 affects accumulation of the other. STN7 and STN8 are both shown to be integral thylakoid proteins that form part of molecular supercomplexes, but exhibit different spatial distributions and are subject to different modes of regulation. Evidence is presented for the existence of a second redox-sensitive motif in STN7, which seems to be targeted by thioredoxin f. Effects of altered STN8 levels on PSII core phosphorylation, supercomplex formation, photosynthetic performance and thylakoid ultrastructure were analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana using STN8-overexpressing plants (oeSTN8). In general, oeSTN8 plants were less sensitive to intense light and exhibited changes in thylakoid ultrastructure, with grana stacks containing more layers and reduced amounts of PSII supercomplexes. Hence, we conclude that STN8 acts in an amount-dependent manner similar to what was shown for STN7 in previous studies. However, the modes of regulation of the STN kinases appear to differ significantly.
Role for Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 after Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Effects of Gene Knockout and Enzyme Inhibition with BB-94

It has been shown recently that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are elevated after cerebral ischemia. In the current study, we investigated the pathophysiologic role for MMP-9 (gelatinase B, EC.3.4.24.35) in a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia, using a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches, Zymography and Western blot analysis demonstrated that MMP-9 protein levels were rapidly up-regulated in brain after ischemic onset. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed increased transcription of MMP-9. There were no differences in systemic hemodynamic parameters and gross cerebrovascular anatomy between wild type mice and mutant mice with a targeted knockout of the MMP-9 gene. After induction of focal ischemia, similar reductions in cerebral blood flow were obtained. In the MMP-9 knockout mice, ischemic lesion volumes were significantly reduced compared with wild type littermates in male and female mice. In normal wild type mice, the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor BB-94 (batimastat) also significantly reduced ischemic lesion size, However, BB-94 had no detectable protective effect when administered to MMP-9 knockout mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. These data demonstrate that MMP-9 plays a deleterious role in the development of brain injury after focal ischemia.
Valuing landscape preferences with perceptive and monetary approaches: two case studies in Italy

This thesis presents two distinct participative approaches, qualitative the first and monetary the second to analyse people preferences for landscape management. The first approach analyses people opinions about the impact of some specific landscape elements on the landscape of a protected wetland area in northern Italy, while the second applies a stated preference technique, choice experiments, for the valuation of the benefits of different potential landscape settings of a urban forest near Venice. Embracing the definition of landscape provided by the European Landscape Convention that defines landscape as "perceived by people" suggesting to apply participative approaches in the development of landscape policies, the objectives of this thesis are: 1) verify if the preferences expressed by means of opinions in the absence of visual stimuli are similar to those expressed by scoring images; 2) analyse the effect of the presence/absence of some elements on the preferences of the two groups of respondents; 3) to understand whether choice experiments can be structured (designed) to value landscape providing both welfare estimates and planning support, objectives that are usually achieved applying two distinct approaches: a stated preference valuation (either contingent valuation or choice experiments) and a perceptive study The thesis consists of two main parts: the first part (chapters 1, 2 and 3) presents the theoretical framework for understanding the need to value landscape, its contextualisation in economic theory and the main valuation methodologies that can be applied to its valuation with particular focus on choice experiments. The second part of this work (chapters 4 and 5) is devoted to the presentation of the results obtained from the application of the two valuation approaches to the two case study.
Social Segregation and the Dynamics of Group Inequality

We explore the dynamics of group inequality when segregation of social networks places the initially less affluent group at a disadvantage in acquiring human capital. Extending Loury (1977), we demonstrate that (i) group differences in economic success can persist across generations in the absence of either discrimination or group differences in ability, provided that social segregation is sufficiently great, (ii) there is threshold level of integration above which group inequality cannot be sustained, (iii) this threshold varies systematically but non-monotonically with the population share of the disadvantaged group, (iv) crossing the threshold induces convergence to a common high level of human capital if the less affluent population share is suf- ficiently small (and the opposite, otherwise), and (v) a race-neutral policy that reduces the cost of acquiring human capital can expand the range over which reducing segregation can be Pareto-improving. JEL Categories: D31, Z13, J71
Arctic community engagement during the 2007–2008 International Polar Year

The 2007 2008 International Polar Year (IPY) directed a surge of resources to internationally coordinated, interdisciplinary research activities in both the Arctic and Antarctic. The fundamental concept of the IPY emphasized scientific research and observation at the Earth’s poles, but was underlined with the call to engage with Northerners, whether through collaborations, training, or simply in expanding communication and transparency toward northern Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities. Accordingly, the ‘human face’ of the IPY consisted not only of research on human health and socio-cultural issues; it also entailed education, outreach, and partnership activities with Arctic communities. When, for instance, the 44 Canadian IPY projects were approved for funding in March 2006, many researchers and Northerners had to respond to these challenges. Initiatives with and within communities were to take shape in many ways: school programs, material, and curriculum would be developed; accessible and innovative methods for sharing data and research outcomes would emerge; community researchers would enable locally derived understanding and documentation of social and ecological processes; and research training and capacity building among Northerners would be fostered. The promise of the IPY was thus for the research relationships built among natural scientists, social scientists, scholars in the humanities, and Arctic communities to prompt more complete understanding of Arctic change at diverse scales, increased awareness of the complementary aspects of local traditional knowledge and science, and improved methods for communicating Polar region research in communities and to the general public. This special issue of Polar Geography brings together a series of papers by an interdisciplinary group of authors which focus on Arctic community engagement during the IPY. For our purposes, community engagement is conceptualized broadly to include the diverse education, outreach, and communication activities of IPY science and social science in Arctic communities, but also the participatory, collaborative, and leadership roles assumed by Arctic residents or community