Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjective Cannabis Effects as Part of a Developing Disorder in Adolescents and Emerging Adults

In light of expanding legalization of cannabis and swelling debate about the potential risks, particularly for younger users, understanding acute cannabis effects among adolescents and emerging adults is more important than ever. Contemporary models of addiction development identify subjective drug responses as central to the developmental unfolding of drug use disorders. Despite this, surprisingly little is known about cannabis’s acute subjective effects in human youths. This research utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in the natural environment to identify the typical situational context of cannabis use among 85 frequent cannabis users, ages 15–24 years (M = 19.8, SD = 2.0; 48.2% female). Study aims were to (a) characterize momentary changes in several subjective states (i.e., stimulation, sedation, tension, craving, and high) when not using, just before cannabis use, and after use, and (b) evaluate whether cannabis responses varied with cannabis use disorder (CUD) severity or across the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a correlational manner. Use of cannabis produced measurable reductions in craving and tension, as well as increases in stimulation, sedation, and “high. ” Participants with more CUD symptoms reported greater relief of craving and increased stimulatory response and high following use. In contrast, emerging adults reported diminished stimulatory response and high following use, relative to adolescents. Results highlight the utility of EMA for characterizing cannabis response as this behavior unfolds in daily life, during a key developmental timeframe in the pathogenesis of cannabis-use pathology.
Optimal tests for multivariate location based on interdirections and pseudo-Mahalanobis ranks

We propose a family of tests, based on Randies' (1989) concept of inter-directions and the ranks of pseudo-Mahalanobis distances computed with respect to a multivariate M-estimator of scatter due to Tyler (1987), for the multivariate one-sample problem under elliptical symmetry. These tests, which generalize the univariate signed-rank tests, are affine-invariant. Depending on the score function considered (van der Waerden, Laplace, . . .), they allow for locally asymptotically maximin tests at selected densities (multivariate normal, multivariate double-exponential, . . .). Local powers and asymptotic relative efficiencies are derived - with respect to Hotelling's test, Randies' (1989) multivariate sign test, Peters and Randies' (1990) Wilcoxon-type test, and with respect to the Oja median tests. We, moreover, extend to the multivariate setting two famous univariate results: the traditional Chemoff-Savage (1958) property, showing that Hotelling's traditional procedure is uniformly dominated, in the Pitman sense, by the van der Waerden version of our tests, and the celebrated Hodges-Lehmann (1956) ". 864 result," providing, for any fixed space dimension k, the lower bound for the asymptotic relative efficiency of Wilcoxon-type tests with respect to Hotelling's. These asymptotic results are confirmed by a Monte Carlo investigation, and application to a real data set.
Concurrent EGFR Mutation and ALK Translocation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are now routine biomarkers that have been incorporated into the practice of managing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Historically, the two molecular alterations have been viewed as mutually exclusive, but recent identified cases suggest otherwise. In this report, we describe cases of lung cancer with concurrent EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement and identify their clinical characteristics. Non-small cell lung cancer patients with multiple molecular alterations were retrospectively analyzed from an academic referral center from 2011–2013. An additional review was conducted of reported cases with dual alterations. Four cases of NSCLC with alterations in both EGFR and ALK were identified and evaluated with 16 published cases for a total of 20 cases. The age of patients ranged from 37 to 77 years. Nine patients were never smokers. The disease control rates in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors and ALK inhibitors were 46% (6/13) and 71% (5/7), respectively. This series highlights the importance of comprehensive molecular profiling of newly diagnosed lung cancer, as NSCLC may be driven by concurrent molecular alterations. EGFR- and ALK-targeted therapies appear to have modest activity in patients with tumors possessing both alterations. Dual-altered NSCLC patients may have distinct clinical characteristics warranting further study. Combination targeted therapy or novel multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors may prove important in these patients, though necessary studies remain ongoing.
Among‐year variation in selection during early life stages and the genetic basis of fitness in Arabidopsis thaliana

Incomplete information regarding both selection regimes and the genetic basis of fitness limits our understanding of adaptive evolution. Among‐year variation in the genetic basis of fitness is rarely quantified, and estimates of selection are typically based on single components of fitness, thus potentially missing conflicting selection acting during other life‐history stages. Here, we examined among‐year variation in selection on a key life‐history trait and the genetic basis of fitness covering the whole life cycle in the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We planted freshly matured seeds of >200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two locally adapted populations (Italy and Sweden), and both parental genotypes at the native site of the Swedish population in three consecutive years. We quantified selection against the nonlocal Italian genotype, mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fitness and its components, and quantified selection on timing of germination during different life stages. In all 3 years, the local Swedish genotype outperformed the nonlocal Italian genotype. However, both the contribution of early life stages to relative fitness, and the effects of fitness QTL varied among years. Timing of germination was under conflicting selection through seedling establishment vs. adult survival and fecundity, and both the direction and magnitude of net selection varied among years. Our results demonstrate that selection during early life stages and the genetic basis of fitness can vary markedly among years, emphasizing the need for multiyear studies considering the whole life cycle for a full understanding of natural selection and mechanisms maintaining local adaptation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A EUROPEAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE SYSTEM FOR SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL PREDICTION (DEMETER)

A multi-model ensemble-based system for seasonal-to-interannual prediction has been developed in a joint European project known as DEMETER (Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble Prediction System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction). The DEMETER system comprises seven global atmosphere–ocean coupled models, each running from an ensemble of initial conditions. Comprehensive hindcast evaluation demonstrates the enhanced reliability and skill of the multimodel ensemble over a more conventional single-model ensemble approach. In addition, innovative examples of the application of seasonal ensemble forecasts in malaria and crop yield prediction are discussed. The strategy followed in DEMETER deals with important problems such as communication across disciplines, downscaling of climate simulations, and use of probabilistic forecast information in the applications sector, illustrating the economic value of seasonal-to-interannual prediction for society as a whole.
Physical modelling of the interaction between powder avalanches and defence structures

In order to better understand the interaction be- tween powder snow avalanches and defence structures, we carried out physical experiments on small-scale models. The powder snow avalanche was simulated by a heavy salt so- lution in a water tank. Quasi two-dimensional and three- dimensional experiments were carried out with different catching dam heights. For the reference avalanche, the veloc- ity just behind the nose in the head was greater than the front velocity. For the 2-D configuration, the ratio Umax/Ufront was as high as 1.6, but it depends on the height. For the 3-D configuration, this ratio differed slightly and was even greater (up to 1.8). The vertical velocity rose to 106% of the front ve- locity for the 3-D simulation and 74% for the 2-D simulation. The reduction in front velocity due to the presence of dams was an increasing function of the dam height. But this re- duction depended on topography: dams were more effective on an open slope avalanche (3-D configuration). The ratio Umax/Ufront was an increasing function of the dam's height and reached a value of 1.9. The obstacle led to a reduction in vertical velocity downstream of the vortex zone.
Future directions in combined modality therapy for rectal cancer: reevaluating the role of total mesorectal excision after chemoradiotherapy

Most patients who develop rectal cancer present with locoregionally advanced (T3 or node-positive) disease. The standard management of locoregionally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), followed by radical resection (low-anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection with total mesorectal excision). Approximately 15% of patients can have a pathologic complete response (pCR) at the time of surgery, indicating that some patients can have no detectable residual disease after nCRT. The actual benefit of surgery in this group of patients is unclear. It is possible that omission of surgery in these patients, termed selective nonoperative management, can limit the toxicities associated with standard, multimodal combined modality therapy without compromising disease control. In this review, we discuss the clinical experiences to date using selective nonoperative management and various attempts at escalation of nCRT to improve the number of patients who have a pCR. We also explore several clinical, laboratory, imaging, histopathologic, and genetic biomarkers that have been tested as tools to predict which patients are most likely to have a pCR after nCRT.
Compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante em frutos de genótipos brasileiros de goiabeira-serrana

The objective of this work was to quantify the total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of fruit from Brazilian genotypes of feijoa ( Acca sellowiana ). Skin and flesh tissues of the fruit were evaluated for the Alcântara, Helena, Mattos, and Nonante cultivars, and for the 2316 accession. TPC and TAA were both assessed in aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, and TAA was assayed by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] methods. The TPC values, for aqueous extracts of the skin and flesh tissues, were 114.9 and 88.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g fresh weight (FW), respectively. The corresponding values for TAA determined by the DPPH method, the skin and flesh tissues, given as EC 50 (substrate concentration which leads to 50% reduction of the DPPH), were 10.7 and 39.7 mg FW per g DPPH, respectively; and, by the ABTS method, the TAA values were 12.01 and 8.33 µmol L -1 Trolox per g FW, respectively. The greatest values for TPC and TAA were obtained for 'Mattos' and 'Nonante', in the skin, and for 'Nonante' and accession 2316, in the flesh. Feijoa fruit has important functional value, particularly in the skin, characterized by high TPC and TAA.
FUNGAL-SMALL MAMMAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS WITH EMPHASIS ON OREGON CONIFEROUS FORESTS"

Most higher plants have evolved with an obligatory symbiotic relationship with my- corrhizal fungi. Epigeous mycorrhiza formers have their spores dispersed by air currents, but hy- pogeous mycorrhizal fungi are dependent upon small mammals as primary vectors of spore dissem- ination. Mammalian mycophagists defecate within the coniferous forest ecosystem, spreading the viable spores necessary for survival and health of the conifers. As one unravels and begins to un- derstand the interrelationships between small-mammal mycophagists and mycorrhizal fungi, it be- comes apparent that the various roles of small mammals in the coniferous forest ecosystem need to be reevaluated. One can no longer accept such simplistic solutions to timber management as poisoning forest rodents to kkenhance,, tree survival. One must consider the direct as well as the indirect costs and benefits of timber management decisions if one is to maintain balanced, healthy coniferous forests.
Technical Change and the Wage Structure During the Second Industrial Revolution: Evidence from the Merchant Marine, 1865-1912

Using a large, individual-level wage data set, we examine the impact of a major technological innovation the steam engine on skill demand and the wage structure in the merchant shipping industry. We find that the technical change created a new demand for skilled workers, the engineers, while destroying demand for workers with skills relevant only to sail. It had a deskilling effect on production work able-bodied seamen (essentially, artisans) were replaced by unskilled engine room operatives. On the other hand, mates and able-bodied seamen employed on steam earned a premium relative to their counterparts on sail. A wholesale switch from sail to steam would increase the 90/10 wage ratio by 40%, with most of the rise in inequality coming from the creation of the engineer occupation.
Experience with 208 resections for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.

HYPOTHESIS Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is an increasingly recognized disease of the pancreas. We report our experience with pancreatic resection for IPMN. DESIGN Retrospective review from 1992 through 2005 with additional independent histopathologic confirmation. SETTING Mayo Clinic Rochester, a tertiary care center. PATIENTS All patients who underwent primary resection for pancreatic IPMN. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease-specific operative outcomes, survival, and recurrence patterns. RESULTS Of 208 patients (mean age, 66 years) with IPMN of the pancreas, 168 underwent partial pancreatectomy, and 40 underwent total pancreatectomy; 88 were classified as having adenoma, 38 as having borderline neoplasm, 19 as having carcinoma in situ, and 63 as having invasive carcinoma. The prevalence of a malignant neoplasm was 64% in patients with main duct IPMN compared with 18% in patients with branch duct IPMN. Re-resection of the initial pancreatic margin was necessary in 21% of patients. Final negative margins were achieved in 89% of patients. Five-year survival with noninvasive IPMN was 94%. Patients with invasive IPMN had a similar 5-year survival compared with a matched cohort with ductal adenocarcinoma (31% vs 24%; P = .26). In patients with invasive IPMN, 58% experienced disease recurrence. In patients with noninvasive IPMN, 10% experienced disease recurrence after partial pancreatectomy and 0% experienced disease recurrence after total pancreatectomy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with main duct IPMN or high-risk branch duct IPMN should be considered for targeted pancreatectomy. Invasive IPMN behaves as aggressively as ductal adenocarcinoma, but resection seems to provide the only potential for cure. Even with negative resection margins, the pancreatic remnant harbors a risk of recurrence and, thus, careful long-term surveillance is warranted.
Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips

Pre-transfusion bedside compatibility test is mandatory to check that the donor and the recipient present compatible groups before any transfusion is performed. Although blood typing devices are present on the market, they still suffer from various drawbacks, like results that are based on naked-eye observation or difficulties in blood handling and process automation. In this study, we addressed the development of a red blood cells (RBC) agglutination assay for point-of-care blood typing. An injection molded microfluidic chip that is designed to enhance capillary flow contained anti-A or anti-B dried reagents inside its microchannel. The only blood handling step in the assay protocol consisted in the deposit of a blood drop at the tip of the biochip, and imaging was then achieved. The embedded reagents were able to trigger RBC agglutination in situ, allowing for us to monitor in real time the whole process. An image processing algorithm was developed on diluted bloods to compute real-time agglutination indicator and was further validated on undiluted blood. Through this proof of concept, we achieved efficient, automated, real time, and quantitative measurement of agglutination inside a passive biochip for blood typing which could be further generalized to blood biomarker detection and quantification.
PLS: A Silver Bullet?

We are writing this editorial because it appears to us that some researchers in the Information Systems community view partialleast squares modeling (PLS; also referred to as path analysis with composites or soft modeling) as some type of magical silverbullet. These researchers are less critical about the use of PLS than they should be. In spite of cautiously proposed rules o f thumbavailable in the PLS literature, we are frustrated by sweeping clai ms made by some researchers that PLS modeling can or shouldbe used (often instead of the covariance-based approach) because it makes no sample size assumptions or because somehow“Sample size is less important in the overall model” (Falk and Miller 1992, p. 93). We are seeing an increasing number of suchclaims in papers submitted for review. It would be nice to think that such statements would be weeded out in the review proces s.However, more and more studies across a number of disciplines ar e creeping into the literature in which the samples are dwindli ngto ridiculously small sizes, despite the inferential intentions of the studies and the magnitude of parent populations. The use ofsmall samples in these studies is frequently legitimized by refere nces to the original developers of the PLS approach. Even
A Phylogenetic Study of Evolutionary Transitions in Sexual Systems in Australasian Wurmbea (Colchicaceae)

Using phylogenies to make sound inferences about character evolution depends on a variety of factors, including tree uncertainty, taxon sampling, and the degree of evolutionary lability in the character of interest. We explore the effect of these and other sources of ambiguity for maximum likelihood (ML)–based inferences of sexual‐system evolution in Wurmbea, a small genus of geophytic monocots from the Southern Hemisphere. We reconstructed Wurmbea phylogeny using four noncontiguous regions (ca. 5.5 kb) of the plastid genome across a broad sampling of taxa, and we confirm that the genus is divided into two well‐supported clades, each defined by its geography (Africa vs. Australasia) and variation in sexual system (i.e., uniformly monomorphic vs. sexually variable, respectively). We demonstrate that the predominantly Australian clade includes the sexually monomorphic species Iphigenia novae‐zelandiae. We observe treewide uncertainty in the state of all ancestral nodes, and therefore all state transitions, when all taxa in Wurmbea are considered. We demonstrate that this is primarily a consequence of interspersion of terminals with gender dimorphism vs. monomorphism throughout the Australasian clade, rather than tree uncertainty or the presence of very short internal branches. We accounted for tree uncertainty by randomly sampling alternative resolutions of branches that are poorly supported by ML bootstrap analysis, effectively interpreting these as soft polytomies. Under the assumption that well‐supported aspects of our gene tree accurately depict organismal phylogeny, there is a marked evolutionary lability in the sexual systems of Australasian Wurmbea. A more problematic issue is that our results contradict the monophyly of two sexually polymorphic Australian species, Wurmbea dioica and Wurmbea biglandulosa. If this reflects paraphyly at the species level, lateral gene transfer, or failed coalescence, then the interpretations of character transitions will need to be adjusted. Our analysis provides an example of the impediments to linking macroevolutionary pattern with microevolutionary processes for evolutionarily labile traits in recently evolved plant groups that possess a high degree of variation in sexual characters.
Long-Term, Open-Label, Safety Study of Edivoxetine as Adjunctive Treatment for Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Who Were Partial Responders to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment in Japan

Edivoxetine is a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that has been investigated in short-term studies as adjunctive therapy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were partial responders to their SSRIs. This 52-week open-label study investigated the safety and tolerability of longer-term treatment with adjunctive edivoxetine in patients with MDD in Japan, who had completed one of two placebo-controlled acute studies of edivoxetine as adjunctive therapy to SSRIs. All patients continued on their stable dose of SSRI. Two hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled and assessed for up to 1 year using standard safety and tolerability measures. Of these, 195 patients previously received only placebo in the parent study and, therefore, were first exposed to edivoxetine in this study. Approximately 46% of patients completed the study. The most frequently cited (>5%) reasons for discontinuation were sponsor decision (19.4%, which included patients discontinued due to early study termination), adverse event (17.4%) and subject decision (8.7%). Adverse events leading to discontinuation in more than 2 patients (>1%) were palpitations, vomiting, hepatic function abnormal, hypertension, nausea, and tachycardia. Treatment-emergent elevations in diastolic blood pressure and pulse were at least twice that reported in the literature for non-Asian patients. Twenty percent of patients had sustained elevations in pulse. Treatment-emergent changes in laboratory measures were small and not clinically meaningful. Assessment across all safety measures in this study indicated that the safety profile of edivoxetine was consistent with that expected for a selective NRI.
PROLONGED HEATING OF HONEY INCREASES ITS ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL BUT DECREASES ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Background: Honey is renowned for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and medicinal properties. It is typically heated and filtered during processing to avoid crystallization. However, few studies have reported its heating effect and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of honey. Materials and Methods: In this study, honey samples were collected from eight different honey-producing sites in Bangladesh and heated to 50ºC, 70ºC and 90ºC for 12 hours, while the antioxidant potentials and antimicrobial properties of the heated samples were compared with those of the unheated samples. Antimicrobial properties were investigated against one Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria. Other physicochemical and biochemical properties were also determined. Results: Interestingly, there was a proportionate increase in the amount of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) as well as antioxidant potentials proportional with the amount of heat introduced, whereas the antimicrobial properties of the honey samples were reduced with increasing heat. Conclusion: In conclusion, though prolonged heat treatment of honey can increase its antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activities are compromised.