Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaginaries of Cultural Diversity and the Permanence of the Religious

The author starts by noting a discourse that is widespread but more or less diffuse in the media and certain contemporary political and intellectual quarters, and which has to do with ‘the permanence of the religious’: according to an idea now current, the religious might be resistant to the process of secularization of civil society, because of its psychological and existential implications, or if seen as a universal, irreducible component of human culture. The author analyses the different aspects of this discourse, puts them into perspective in order to draw out their intellectual and political elements and attempts to reconstruct their historical and cultural origins and show how the refusal to historicize ‘religion’ is expressed today through various types of scientific argument coming out of the human and social sciences (arguments which appeal, for example, to the Latin concept of ‘civilization’, or the Germanic one of (‘Kultur’).
Development of an antiserum against m3 muscarinic receptors: distribution of m3 receptors in rat tissues and clonal cell lines.

A synthetic oligopeptide (QCDKRKRRKQQYQQRQSV) corresponding to a carboxyl-terminal sequence of the rat m3 receptor (amino acids 561-578) was coupled to carrier proteins and used to generate a polyclonal antiserum. This serum selectively immunoprecipitates at least 90% of the m3 receptors expressed by A9 cells transfected with the cDNA encoding the m3 muscarinic receptor but does not precipitate receptors from cells transfected with cDNA encoding m1, m2, m4, or m5 receptors. Using this m3 antiserum, the density of m3 receptors in various regions of rat brain was quantified. Areas expressing the highest density of m3 receptors are the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and olfactory tubercle, with 232 fmol/mg, 197 fmol/mg, 140 fmol/mg, and 130 fmol/mg, respectively. Hindbrain regions (i.e., cerebellum, thalamus/hypothalamus, and pons/medulla) expressed fewer m3 receptors, both as a percentage of total muscarinic receptors (5-6%) and in terms of absolute receptor density (12-70 fmol/mg). A panel of subtype-selective antisera (m1, m2, and m3) was used to determine receptor distribution in several peripheral tissues of the rat (lung, ileum, and bladder). The m2 receptor subtype constitutes the majority of total receptors in the bladder (86%), lung (91%), and ileum (69%). The m3 receptor was found at lower densities in these tissues (5-11%), whereas the m1 receptor is present in highest amounts in the ileum (17%). Human clonal cell lines, in which regulation of muscarinic receptors has been commonly studied, were also examined. The SK-N-SH neuroblastoma line, which has been reported to express M3 receptors, on the basis of pharmacology and molecular size, was found to express a mixture of subtypes (m1 = 31%, m2 = 21%, m3 = 43%). Interestingly, SH-SY-5Y and SH-IN cells, both derived from SK-N-SH cells, exhibit predominantly m3 receptors (74% for SH-SY-5Y; 58% for SH-IN), with lower levels of m1 and m2 receptors (5% and 8% for SH-SY-5Y; 4% and 23% for SH-IN, respectively.) Another commonly studied cell line, 132-1-N1 astrocytoma cells, reportedly expressing M3 receptors, based upon mRNA measurements and second messenger linkage, also expresses a predominance of m3 receptors (91% of total). This m3-selective antiserum should prove useful not only for localizing and quantifying m3 muscarinic receptors but also for examining mechanisms involved in the regulation of receptor expression in human tissues or animal models of disease, as well as in cell culture.
Laser slowing of CaF molecules to near the capture velocity of a molecular MOT

Laser slowing of CaF molecules down to the capture velocity of a magneto-optical trap for molecules is achieved. Starting from a two-stage buffer gas beam source, we apply frequency-broadened ‘white-light’ slowing and observe approximately 6 × 10 4 CaF molecules in a single pulse with velocities 10 ± 4 m s−1. CaF is a candidate for collisional studies in the mK regime. This work represents a significant step towards magneto-optical trapping of CaF.
Molecular Neurobiology and Promising New Treatment in Depression

The limited effects of currently available antidepressants are becoming an urgent issue in depression research. It takes a long time to determine treatment effects, and the overall remission rate is low. Although we expect the development of non-monoamine antidepressants in the near future, efforts in this regard over the past several decades have not yet been compensated. Thus, researchers and clinicians should clarify the neurobiological mechanisms of integrated modulators that regulate changes in genes, cells, the brain, and behaviors associated with depression. In this study, we review molecular neurobiological theories and new treatments for depression. Beyond neuroanatomy and monoamine theory, we discuss cells and molecules, neural plasticity, neurotrophisms, endocrine mechanisms, immunological mechanisms, genetics, circadian rhythms, and metabolic regulation in depression. In addition, we introduce the possibility of new antidepressant drug development using protein translation signaling (mTOR) pathways.
Kache : Peer-to-Peer Web Caching Using Kelips

To achieve high performance, the emerging generation of Web-based database and Web Services systems will need to take full advantage of caching; latencies associated with their three or four-tier architectures would otherwise be prohibitive. Cooperative caching supported by peer-to-peer (p2p) indexing has been suggested as a scalable way to gain these benefits, but many performance concerns have not yet been addressed in this arena. Lookup latencies are required to be low, and the overhead and the potential for disruption as nodes join and leave the system need to be minimized. The second consideration is important because this kind of “churn” is known to disrupt many p2p technologies. Our paper investigates the issue experimentally. We describe a cooperative caching system called Kache, which we implemented over a p2p index called Kelips, and evaluate it in a trace-driven experiment during which failures and other kinds of disruptions were injected. Under quiescent conditions, Kache can perform a lookup in one hop: a node seeking information can find it with high probability by querying just one other node that is topologically near-by, irrespective of system size. Even in settings subject to significant churn, Kache rapidly restabilizes after disruption, and the same cache hit rates seen in the quiescent case can be maintained at small additional cost. We conclude that Kache could be a good choice in settings where developers seek to reduce load on a shared server, or where a cluster of clients can communicate among themselves cheaply but incur long delays when communicating to a server.
SIFT Based Vein Recognition Models: Analysis and Improvement

Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is being investigated more and more to realize a less-constrained hand vein recognition system. Contrast enhancement (CE), compensating for deficient dynamic range aspects, is a must for SIFT based framework to improve the performance. However, evidence of negative influence on SIFT matching brought by CE is analysed by our experiments. We bring evidence that the number of extracted keypoints resulting by gradient based detectors increases greatly with different CE methods, while on the other hand the matching result of extracted invariant descriptors is negatively influenced in terms of Precision-Recall (PR) and Equal Error Rate (EER). Rigorous experiments with state-of-the-art and other CE adopted in published SIFT based hand vein recognition system demonstrate the influence. What is more, an improved SIFT model by importing the kernel of RootSIFT and Mirror Match Strategy into a unified framework is proposed to make use of the positive keypoints change and make up for the negative influence brought by CE.
Universality and Variation in Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study in Turkey

NISAN, MORDECAI, and KOHLBERG, LAWRENCE. Universality and Variation in Moral Judgment: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study in Turkey. CHID DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 865-876. A longitudinal and cross-sectional study of moral judgment development in Turkey is described. Rural and city subjects aged 10 through 28 were individually interviewed on Kohlberg's moral dilemmas. The responses were analyzed using a new manual, which calls for matching responses to criteria judgments. The results support the claim for structural universality in moral judgment: the Turkish responses fitted the moral judgment stages and exhibited the claimed sequence in both the longitudinal and the cross-sectional studies. The study also showed several aspects of variation in moral judgment. Village subjects showed a slower rate of development than city subjects. Beyond the age of 16 all the village subjects showed some conventional judgment; however, they seemed to stabilize at stage 3. Independent of stage level, the village subjects tended to justify their moral decisions mainly in the normfollowing and utilitarian modes, while city subjects (in the older group) showed a tendency to use deontological and perfectionistic justifications.
Coping With Threats to Just‐World Beliefs: Derogate, Blame, or Help?1

The present research investigated Lerner's (1970, 1980) just-world theory by manipulating victim-related factors in a scenario and measuring several possible strategies for dealing with the threat to participants' just-world beliefs created by the victim's intense suffering. Participants read a story about a victim who varied in terms of his character (likeable vs. unlikeable) and behavioral responsibility for causing his accident (high vs. low). The general pattern of results showed that for the unlikeable low-responsibility victim, the primary response to protect justice beliefs appeared to be character derogation; for the likeable high-responsibility victim, the primary protective strategy appeared to be blame; and for the likeable low-responsibility victim, the primary protective strategy appeared to be compensation. Implications for just-world theory are discussed.
Biophysical injury mechanisms associated with lightning injury.

The passage of damaging quantities of electrical current through the body can produce tissue injury through multiple distinct biophysical energy transduction mechanisms. These mechanisms include the direct action of direct electrical forces on proteins, membranes and other biomolecular structures, as well as the indirect action mediated by the generation of heat. Adding to this complexity are the multiple modes of frequency-dependent tissue-current interactions, the variation in current density along the path through the body, as well as variations in body size, body position and use of protective gear. The dominant mode of injury for any particular trauma victim and how it manifests depends on several different factors. As a result, in no two cases of accidental electrical injury are the injury manifestations identical. The purpose of this chapter is to review the biophysical pathways and mechanisms of electrical trauma injury and their relationship to clinical injury manifestations. The focus will be on frequency-dependent effects because of the relevance to lightning injury. It was written with the hope to provide insight into some of the unusual neurophysiological manifestations.
Self‐Efficacy in the Workplace: Linking Personality to Domain‐Specific Efficacy Beliefs

Based on a social cognitive approach to personality, the role of domain‐specific efficacy beliefs were examined in two studies. Study 1 developed a measure of expectations about success in 10 different domains of common work activities with domain‐specific expectancy ratings obtained for 157 individuals along with self‐ and peer ratings of personality. Results showed that predictable relationships emerged, with the traits of the five‐factor model being important determinants of construct‐relevant efficacy beliefs. Study 2 focused on expectations about activities related to conscientiousness as a link between personality and performance across jobs. Results (N = 97) confirmed the proposed relationships and found that efficacy beliefs about trait‐relevant tasks functioned as a mediator linking conscientious and supervisor ratings of performance.
Databases for the Global Dynamics of Multiparameter Nonlinear Systems

Abstract : Developed mathematical theory, efficient algorithms (both with respect to time and memory) and open access code to obtain a rigorous database for the global dynamics of multiparameter nonlinear systems. This included the development of efficient algorithms and open access code for computing homological invariants. These tools were applied to a variety of systems including network models from biology and the analysis of complex spatio-temporal patterns arising in condensed matter physics.
β-Lactamases in Shigella flexneriIsolates from Hong Kong and Shanghai and a Novel OXA-1-Like β-Lactamase, OXA-30

ABSTRACT Ninety-one ampicillin-resistant Shigella flexneristrains from Hong Kong and Shanghai were studied for production of β-lactamases. TEM-1-like and OXA-1-like enzymes were identified in 21 and 79% of the strains, respectively, by isoelectric focusing (IEF). No difference in the pattern of β-lactamase production was found between strains from Hong Kong and Shanghai. Four ribotypes were detected. Over 88% of OXA-producing strains had the same ribotype. All TEM-1-like strains harbored a plasmid which hybridized positively with theblaTEM probe. Total DNA from OXA-1-like strains failed to hybridize or only hybridized weakly with an OXA probe. The OXA resistance was not transferable. OXA-1-like enzymes exhibited substrate and inhibition profiles similar to that of OXA-1 and were shown to have a pI of 7.3 by further IEF using a narrow-range ampholine gel. The gene encoding the OXA-1-like enzyme from one isolate (CH-07) was cloned, sequenced, and found to differ from blaOXA-1 at codon 131 (AGA→GGA; Arg to Gly), resulting in the novel designation OXA-30. The predominance of OXA-type enzymes in ampicillin-resistantS. flexneri suggests host preference for specific β-lactamases.
Blocking in all-optical networks

We present an analytical technique of very low complexity, using the inclusion-exclusion principle of combinatorics, for the performance evaluation of all-optical, wavelength-division multiplexed networks with no wavelength conversion. The technique is a generalized reduced-load approximation scheme which is applicable to arbitrary topologies and traffic patterns. One of the main issues in computing blocking probabilities in all-optical networks is the significant link load correlation introduced by the wavelength continuity constraint. One of the models we propose takes this into account and gives good results even under conditions with high link load correlation. Through numerous experiments we show that our models can be used to obtain fast and accurate estimates of blocking probabilities in all-optical networks and scale well with the path length and capacity of the network. We also extend one of our models to take into account alternate routing, in the form of Fixed Alternate Routing and Least Loaded Routing.
Investigating Implicit Trait Theories Across Cultures

Implicit trait and contextual theories encompass lay people’s beliefs about the longitudinal stability (vs. instability) of traits; the cross-situational consistency (vs. variability) of behavior; the ability to predict (vs. not predict) individuals’ behavior from their traits; the ability to infer traits from few behavioral instances (vs. the difficulty of doing so); and the importance of traits in understanding people (vs. the greater importance of contextual factors such as roles and relationships). Implicit trait and contextual beliefs were investigated in two individualistic cultures, the United States and Australia, and two collectivistic cultures, Mexico and the Philippines. Hypotheses based on an integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives were supported. The structure of implicit beliefs replicated well, and trait beliefs predicted judgments about cross-situational consistency of behavior in all four cultures. Implicit trait beliefs were stronger, and implicit contextual beliefs weaker, in the United States as compared to Mexico and the Philippines.
Analogical Transfer and “Functional Fixedness” in the Science Classroom

Abstract Past research has shown successful spontaneous transfer by analogy, particularly by a single analogy, to be surprisingly poor. It has been suggested that learners become “functionally fixed” on the surface details of the analog and are unable to transfer to appropriate situations that lack the same superficialities. The present study explored how two cited contextual elements, the type and format of the analog, as well as the prior knowledge of the learner affect transfer outside of the experimental setting. The relationship between the analog's contextual elements and high school freshmen's (N = 266) performance on a science problem was examined. All aspects of the study occurred within the natural milieu of formal science learning, the classroom. Contrary to data reported in past research on transfer from a single analog, some students did spontaneously apply the structural elements of the analog to the solution, even when the analog lacked superficial surface similarities to the target problem.
Parents of excluded pupils: customers, partners, problems?

This article presents data drawn from interviews with a range of service providers and with the parents of pupils permanently excluded from alternative provision in England. The findings are considered in the context of recent policy developments in the area of children and families. These include the neo-liberal framing of parents as customers who are able and expected to exercise choice in respect of their children's education. We explore this notion with reference to situations in which parents were confronted with very limited options. The interviews with service providers illustrate the complex and contingent nature of their relations with the parents, as well as fundamental inconsistencies in the way the latter were regarded. It appeared that service providers' perceptions were partly shaped by the degree to which parents appeared to comply with their suggestions, and by the level of resources (financial, personal and social) parents had at their disposal. However, whether parents were perceived as customers, partners or problems seemed largely contingent. The authors conclude that it is in the complexities of the inter-relationships between service providers and parents that the fault-lines of some of the key tenets of contemporary social policy are revealed.
Scale Development of Meaning-Focused Coping

The objectives of the current study were to develop an inventory that measures meaning-focused coping and to explore its reliability and validity. In total, 668 middle school students who had experienced significant negative events were recruited. The Meaning-Focused Coping Questionnaire included 26 items within eight dimensions: Changes in Situational Beliefs, Changes in Global Beliefs, Changes in Goals, Meaning Making, Long-Term Prevention Strategies, Rational Use of Resources, Acceptance, and Heuristic Thinking. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire had good construct validity. The results based on item response theory indicated that all of the item discrimination values were greater than 0.5.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear markers reveal contrasting patterns of spatial genetic structure in a natural Ipomopsis hybrid zone

Spatial variation in natural selection may play an important role in determining the genetic structure of hybridizing populations. Previous studies have found that F1 hybrids between naturally hybridizing Ipomopsis aggregata and Ipomopsis tenuituba in central Colorado differ in fitness depending on both genotype and environment: hybrids had higher survival when I. aggregata was the maternal parent, except in the centre of the hybrid zone where both hybrid types had high survival. Here, we developed both maternally (cpDNA PCR‐RFLP) and biparentally inherited (nuclear AFLP) species‐diagnostic markers to characterize the spatial genetic structure of the natural Ipomopsis hybrid zone, and tested the prediction that the majority of natural hybrids have I. aggregata cytoplasm, except in areas near the centre of the hybrid zone. Analyses of 352 individuals from across the hybrid zone indicate that cytoplasmic gene flow is bidirectional, but contrary to expectation, most plants in the hybrid zone have I. tenuituba cytoplasm. This cytotype distribution is consistent with a hybrid zone in historical transition, with I. aggregata nuclear genes advancing into the contact zone. Further, nuclear data show a much more gradual cline than cpDNA markers that is consistent with morphological patterns across the hybrid populations. A mixture of environment‐ and pollinator‐mediated selection may contribute to the current genetic structure of this hybrid system.
Tip-of-the-tongue states in Hebrew–English bilinguals

Tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs) in proficient Hebrew–English bilinguals were compared to those of age-matched monolinguals. Monolinguals retrieved words in English, and bilinguals retrieved words from both languages. Results showed an increased TOT rate in bilinguals. However, bilinguals demonstrated comparable rates of spontaneous resolution, and similar ability to access partial information about target words. Interestingly, bilinguals named the same number of targets as monolinguals when naming an item in either language was counted as a correct response. Besides bilingualism, other factors that predicted TOT rate included word frequency (only for bilinguals), and age (younger participants had more TOTs). Unexpectedly, TOTs for Hebrew targets were not characterized by increased access to grammatical gender and number of syllables relative to control states, thus contrasting notably with TOTs for Italian and English targets respectively. We discuss these results in terms of their relevance for constraining models of bilingual lexical access and models of TOT.
Reflection in action: implications for care work

This paper addresses the issue of reflective practice, as suggested by Schön. The aim is to analyze instances of reflective practice in elder care, in order to depict individual and collective work. Reflective practice is prevailing as a way of emphasizing the value of practical knowledge and enhancing its status. Reflexivity is thinking about what and why we do something. Moreover, reflexivity is a way of incorporating knowledge with our own personal selves, making it a very personal matter. Using reflective practice in elder care enables learning, leading to improved quality of care. However, individual reflection must be accompanied by collective reflection; this is crucial to improve quality of care.
Research on the parametric array sound characteristic of the annular transducer

The parametric array can generate low-frequency, high-directivity beam with small-aperture, and it is widely used in underwater navigation, underwater communication, seafloor sediments detection, sub-bottom physiognomy surveying and mapping. However, the parametric array's conversion efficiency is very low, severely restricting the parametric array's further application. In order to improve the parametric array's conversion efficiency, the paper combined the backward implicit finite difference(IBFD) method and Crank-Nicolson finite difference(CNFD) method to solve the KZK equation. We also studied the parametric array's nonlinear sound field of the annular transducer, and compared the parametric array's sound fields of the circular transducer with the same radiation area. The simulation results showed that the annular transducer could also generate low frequency sound beam with high directivity, and the annular transducer source has a slightly higher difference frequency sound pressure amplitude.