Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shaping the Regional Context of China's Rise: how the Obama administration brought back hedge in its engagement with China

Starting with an almost single-minded emphasis on shared interests to engage China, the Obama administration made a policy adjustment about one year later to shore up US leadership in the Asia–Pacific even if it meant challenging China's core interests. This paper argues that this adjustment was to bring hedge back to shape the regional context of China's rise. While the precipitating cause for the shift was China's newly founded assertiveness during the global financial downturn, the deep cause was the US anxiety about China's great power aspiration in the twenty-first century. The policy adjustment, however, was not to contain China's rise because a full-out confrontation against China would be self-defeating. It was a return to a centralist approach to engage China from a position of strength rather than weakness.
Fostering Student Activism: Barriers, Sharing, and Dialectics

The present study was an exploratory investigation of interviews with six college students who participated in the development and implementation of a theatre-based sexual assault prevention intervention. We investigated how these students experienced their involvement in activism within the context of developing and presenting a sexual assault prevention program. The research revealed common themes: each student experienced fears about participating in activism or identifying as an activist, had strong desires to share knowledge about sexual assault prevention with their community, and viewed their individual activist identities within a complex understanding of what it meant to be activists. These themes helped us to develop implications for future research and educational practices to support activist identity development.
Quantitative Micro-albuminuria Assessment from 'Random Voided Urinary Albumin: Creatinine Ratio' Versus '24 hours Urinary Albumin Concentration' for Screening of Diabetic Nephropathy.

AIMS This study aims at assessing the predictive value of random urine A:C ratio as a screening method for Micro-albuminuria assessment in DM patients as compared to 24 hours urine albumin. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre. One hundred ninty three patients diagnosed with DM were enrolled in the study but 14 participants didn't turn up with 24 hours urine sample. Thus, 179 people actually participated in the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS All DM patients who attended Out Patient Departments (OPDs) and In Patient Departments (IPDs) of Medicine, Surgery and Orthopaedics, were enrolled. Proper history about development and duration of DM was taken from the patients. Examination in the form of height and weight measurement to know Body Mass Index (BMI), the Waist: Hip Ratio (W:H ratio) calculated from waist and hip circumference and blood pressure measurement was done. Fasting blood sugar was measured in the study group. [Urine analysis was done for urinary albumin and urinary creatinine]. Two urine samples were collected from each participant; one, 24 hours sample and the other random urine sample. 24 hours urine samples were used to measure urinary albumin concentration while urinary albumin to creatinine ratio was measured from random urine sample. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED SPSS 17. RESULTS Twenty four hours RUA:C ratio has very good sensitivity and specificity of Sensitivity and specificity of 84.9% and 95.8% respectively,which makes it a better alternative to 24 hours UAC. Negative and positive predictive values of RUA:C ratio method are 0.93 and 0.090 respectively with false negative and false positive rates, 15.1% and 4.2 % respectively. CONCLUSION Twenty four hours UAC is considered gold standard for screening of Micro-albuminuria but is cumbersome to collect 24 hours urine sample especially in OPD setup and in female patients. This leads to loss of compliance thereby preventing early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. This problem is more impracticable in hilly regions of India. By using random urine sample for screening of Micro-albuminuria in the form of RUA: C in random urine sample that correlates well with 24 hours UAC in 24 hours urine sample,is easier and more practical in Indian scenario especially in diabetics residing in hills.
A Market Microstructure Explanation of Ex-Day Abnormal Returns

Several authors have previously determined that abnormal returns exist on ex-cash dividend days and ex-stock dividend days. In other words, stocks do not, on average, fall by the dividend amount, or fully adjust to stock distributions on ex-days. This paper proposes that NYSE Rule 118 and AMEX Rule 132 are a determinant of those ex-day abnormal returns.
Combining sdm-based circuit switching with packet switching in a NoC for real-time applications

In this paper we propose a hybrid network-on-chip “NoC”, which combines SDM-based circuit switching and packet switching in order to efficiently and separately handle streaming and best-effort traffics generated by real-time applications. The proposed NoC thus consists of two sub-networks. The SDM technique is used in circuit-switched sub-network in order to increase path diversity, thereby improving throughput and mitigating low resource utilization, while the packet-switched sub-network is kept as simple as possible. In this way QoS is easily guaranteed without having to share resources which often leads to a complex design. The SDM approach takes advantage of the wire abundance resulting from the increasing density of CMOS circuits. Synthesis results on a FPGA and ASIC show that a practical hybrid network-on-chip can then be built using the proposed approach.
Modulating Hippocampal Plasticity with In Vivo Brain Stimulation

Investigations into the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in relieving symptoms of neurological disorders and enhancing cognitive or motor performance have exhibited promising results. However, the mechanisms by which tDCS effects brain function remain under scrutiny. We have demonstrated that in vivo tDCS in rats produced a lasting effect on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as measured using extracellular recordings. Ex vivo preparations of hippocampal slices from rats that have been subjected to tDCS of 0.10 or 0.25 mA for 30 min followed by 30 min of recovery time displayed a robust twofold enhancement in long-term potentiation (LTP) induction accompanied by a 30% increase in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). The magnitude of the LTP effect was greater with 0.25 mA compared with 0.10 mA stimulations, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship between tDCS intensity and its effect on synaptic plasticity. To test the persistence of these observed effects, animals were stimulated in vivo for 30 min at 0.25 mA and then allowed to return to their home cage for 24 h. Observation of the enhanced LTP induction, but not the enhanced PPF, continued 24 h after completion of 0.25 mA of tDCS. Addition of the NMDA blocker AP-5 abolished LTP in both control and stimulated rats but maintained the PPF enhancement in stimulated rats. The observation of enhanced LTP and PPF after tDCS demonstrates that non-invasive electrical stimulation is capable of modifying synaptic plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Researchers have used brain stimulation such as transcranial direct current stimulation on human subjects to alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders and enhance their performance. Here, using rats, we have investigated the potential mechanisms of how in vivo brain stimulation can produce such effect. We recorded directly on viable brain slices from rats after brain stimulation to detect lasting changes in pattern of neuronal activity. Our results showed that 30 min of brain stimulation in rats induced a robust enhancement in synaptic plasticity, a neuronal process critical for learning and memory. Understanding such molecular effects will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which brain stimulation produces its effects on cognition and performance.
Reliability of African climate prediction and attribution across timescales

This study investigates the reliability of seasonal to multi-decadal climate simulations of the wet seasons of several key African regions. It is found that reliability varies across regions and seasons, and that simulations of precipitation are universally less reliable than simulations of temperature. Similar levels of reliability are found across all the timescales considered for most (but not all) region/season combinations. Reliability for temperatures increases on longer timescales, both due to the differences in the modelling systems for each timescale and, in part, due to the contribution from systematic climate warming. Though the use of reliability is well-established for forecasting, its meaning for attribution is less clear, and further work is underway to further clarify this.
Leadership and its impact on the success of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council funded collaborative research projects

This dissertation investigates the practice of leadership in collaboratively designed and funded research in a university setting. More specifically, this research explores the meaning of leadership as experienced by researchers who were, or still are, engaged on Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) funded collaborative research projects in a university setting. This qualitative study (Gay & Airasian, 2003) is situated within a social constructivist paradigm (Kezar, Carducci, & Contreras-McGavin, 2006) and involves an analysis of the responses from 12 researchers who answered 11questions related to my overarching research question: What is the impact of leadership on university based collaborative research projects funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council basedon the experiences of researchers involved? The data that emerged supported and enhanced the existing literature related to leadership and collaborative groups in academia. The type of preferred leadership that emerged as a result of this research seemed to indicate that the type of leader that appeared to be optimal in this context might be described as afunctional collaborative expert.
Advertising impacts on demand for orange juice, January 2002

Both a single equation model and Rotterdam demand system were used to estimate the impact of advertising on OJ demand. In the single equation model, OJ gallon sales were related to OJ advertising, grapefruit juice advertising, the price of OJ, seasonality variables, consumer income, and a dummy variable for September 11 to further capture possible effect resulting from changes in the U.S. economy and consumer confidence after that point in time. The impact of each of these variables was estimated by applying the ordinary least squares regression method to data from September 1997 to November 2001. The results suggest that recent decreases in OJ demand are related to declines in FDOC advertising, as well as perhaps declines in incomes and changes in consumer behavior since September 11. Prices have been relative flat in the past year and appear to have little impact on OJ demand. Overall, decline in FDOC advertising were estimated to have resulted in a 4% to 5% decline in OJ demand. The Rotterdam model estimates were relatively similar.
Small business financing in the UK before and during the current financial crisis

This article uses empirical evidence from the UK to consider how demand for external finance changed as the economy entered recession and whether external finance became more difficult for entrepreneurs to access as the recession progressed. It finds that larger firms and those experiencing declines in sales were more likely to maintain or increase their demand for external finance. The opposite was true for women-led businesses. Generally, finance was more readily available to larger and older firms throughout the recession. At its peak 119,000 (10% of the total stock) smaller firms were denied credit in a three-month period.
First report of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’-related strain (group 16SrXIV) associated with white leaf disease of Dichanthium annulatum in India

A phytoplasma has been detected in a formerly undescribed white leaf disease of Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg’s bluestem) in India. By sequence and phylogenetic analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified rDNA sequences, the detected phytoplasma proved to be closely related to Bermuda grass white leaf agent (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’) which is a member of the 16SrXIV group.
A prospective clinical review of “multi model” approach for treating ear keloids

ABSTRACT This is a prospective clinical study of 46 ear keloids in 31 patients (with a mean follow-up of 18 months) treated from January 2006 to December 2006 at The Queen Elizabeth Public Hospital, Barbados, West Indies by a single surgeon. The mean age is 21.9 years (range 3-66 years). Seven out of 46 lesions were recurrent lesions following previous surgery. All the lesions were excised surgically (extralesional). Ten out of 31 patients were given postoperative, Intralesional Triamcinolone starting from the 1 st post operative visit on three visits at monthly intervals. Fourteen patients were given postoperative superficial X-ray therapy of 12 Gy in three equal fractions on three consecutive days starting from the 3 rd postoperative day. Seven recurrent keloids of this study were given a combination of both superficial X-ray therapy and intralesional triamcinolone. All patients were followed at monthly intervals for three visits from the time of surgery and every three months until the end of the 1 st year and then every six months thereafter. Five of 46 postoperative surgical wounds showed evidence of recurrence during the 1 st year but could be suppressed with Intralesional triamcinolone. This study confirms that surgical excision of keloids supplemented with radiotherapy and/Intralesional triamcinolone is a reliable method with few complications. In addition, the study concludes that the key in preventing recurrence is regular clinical follow-up to encounter early recurring lesion (clinical evidence of raised scars or palpable nodules if deep seated) which is 100% susceptible to Intralesional triamcinolone for 2-3 times at monthly intervals.
An Empirical Examination of the Market Returns and Financial Performance of Entities Engaged in Sustainability Reporting

The importance of sustainability reporting to external stakeholders is reflected in the advent of various reporting guidelines and government inquiries. However, evidence of the inadequacy of such reporting, coupled with limited evidence of its use by market participants (such as investors and creditors) for resource-allocation decisions, raises questions about the overall value-relevance of sustainability reporting. This study seeks to identify, in the Australian context, whether the level of sustainable reporting is associated with a range of financial and market performance attributes of the firm.
ISO 9001: 2000 implementation – the North American experience

Presents the findings of an empirical study conducted on Canadian firms on the latest version of the ISO9000 standard, ISO9001:2000, which takes a process‐based approach to quality management systems. The study focuses on the difficulties faced by firms and attempts to determine the characteristics of firms that face difficulties. Results show that: large companies faced fewer difficulties; the number of years that companies were in operation had no effect on the difficulties they faced; companies serving markets outside of North America, mainly in Europe, faced fewer difficulties than those that serve North American markets only.
Expected returns and economic risk in Canadian financial markets

This article estimates a linear factor model that links asset return fluctuations to: time-varying expected returns, to economic factors innovations and to a residual idiosyncratic risk. It considers bond returns together with returns on a number of portfolio of assets, grouped by sectors, traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The first part of the article identifies the number of latent variables necessary to explain the behaviour of these asset returns and concludes that two latent variables are needed. The second stage uses proxies for the underlying economic factors (state variables) and exploits the restrictions of the model to estimate conditional betas.
Relationships of Ex-Vivo Drug Resistance Assay and Cytokine Production with Clinicopathological Features in the Primary Cell Culture of Thai Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer Patients

Objective: Our goal was to determine the ex-vivo drug resistance assay, as well as the cytokine production, in response to platinum-based chemotherapy treatment in primary culture cells established from the tumor tissue of ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma patients, and to predict the clinical responses to chemotherapy. Methods: Sensitivity to the platinum-based drug was analyzed in two ovarian cancer cell lines and 19 tumor samples using the primary cell culture obtained from 19 patients having ovarian or fallopian tube cancer that had undergone surgery from 2014 to 2017. Results: Our findings in the ovarian cancer cell lines showed that SKOV3 cells displayed 10-fold greater resistance to cisplatin and 5.8 times more resistance to carboplatin than A2780 cells. SKOV3 cells displayed platinum-induced IL-6 and IL-8 overproduction whereas wild type A2780 displayed no detectable cytokine production. Regarding the primary cell culture obtained from patients, ex-vivo drug resistance assay results revealed that although extreme drug resistance was correlated with late stage ovarian cancer (P= 0.031), it could not independently predict or alter the outcomes of patients with ovarian or fallopian tube cancer. No relationship was found between basal cytokine secretion and the clinical parameters. However, carboplatin-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production had a significant association with the clinical response to chemotherapy (P=0.016 and P=0.038 respectively). Carboplatin-induced IL-8 overproduction was correlated with FIGO staging III-IV (P=0.026), but no correlation between carboplatin-induced IL-6 and FIGO staging (P= 0.061) was noted. Conclusion: These results suggest that cytokine production in response to platinum-based chemotherapy in primary culture cells may be useful as a predictive marker for the therapeutic outcomes among ovarian or fallopian tube cancer patients.
People I Know: Job Search and Social Networks

We assess the strength of information spillovers relating unemployment duration of workers displaced by firm closures to their former colleagues’ current employment status. Displaced-specific networks are recovered from a 20-year panel of matched employer-employee data. Spillovers are identified by comparing performances of codisplaced workers. A one-standard-deviation increase in the network employment rate reduces unemployment duration by about 8%; the effect is magnified if contacts recently searched for a job and if their current employer is spatially and technologically closer to the displaced worker; stronger ties and lower competition for information favor reemployment. Several indirect tests exclude other interaction mechanisms.
Autonomic System Activity and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Variations in Subjects with Normal- and High-Tension Glaucoma

PurposeAs suggested by findings of abnormal responses to posture in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), cardiovascular autoregulation may also be defective in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and MethodsBoth 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the head-up tilt test were performed in 17 subjects with NTG and in 13 subjects with high-tension POAG (ht-POAG). These groups were compared with 17 age-matched healthy individuals. Subjects undergoing cardiovascular therapy were excluded. ResultsNo significant differences in diurnal and nocturnal blood pressure and heart rate were found between the groups. A significant reduction in diurnal heart rate variability was found in NTG (12.1 ± 2.8 bpm) compared with the ht-POAG (15.0 ± 2.4 bpm, P < 0.01) and control groups (15.8 ± 3.0 bpm, P = 0.01]). Nocturnal diastolic blood pressure variability was also reduced in NTG (6.9 ± 2.2 mm Hg) compared with controls (8.6 ± 2.3 mm Hg, P < 0.05]) as was heart rate variability (6.3 ± 1.4 vs 8.3 ± 2.6 in ht-POAG, P < 0.05), suggesting blunted blood pressure and heart rate modulation in NTG subjects. Spectral analysis of short-term heart rate variability showed a significant reduction of total power in the supine position (1064 ± 600 in NTG vs 1688 ± 889 ms2 in controls, P < 0.05]). This was not accompanied either by a physiological reduction in total power or in a high-frequency component during the passive orthostatic stimulus. These differences tend to become more prominent in the clinically more severe forms of NTG (as identified by scores based on the extent of optic disk excavation, visual field damage, and progression of disease). This would suggest a correlation between the extent of autonomic disorder and severity of glaucoma. The &agr; index (root-square of low-frequency heart rate to low-frequency blood pressure ratio) was lower in the supine position in NTG subjects (8.1 ± 3.1 vs 10.6 ± 3.3 ms/mm Hg in controls, P < 0.05), confirming the reduced baroreflex sensitivity. ConclusionsThe results confirm the hypothesis that dysfunction of autonomic control of the cardiovascular response may be a contributing pathogenetic factor in NTG, inducing a chronic ischemia of the optic nerve.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Predict Breast Cancer Progression

Purpose: Polymorphisms within the promoter region of several matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes have been linked to alterations in the level of transcription. We hypothesized that an individual's MMP genotype and haplotype will influence breast tumor progression and help predict prognosis. Experimental Design: This study has evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter regions of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 and metastatic spread of breast cancer in 128 lymph node–negative and 93 lymph node–positive patients. The study cohort was of mixed ethnicity, with Caucasian patients comprising 65%. Associations between genotype and lymph node status were estimated by logistic regression and with overall survival using the method of Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Associations between haplotype and lymph node status were also investigated. Results: The data show a significant and independent association of the C/T genotype for MMP-9 [mixed ethnicities odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-11.1; Caucasian odds ratio 9.1, 95% CI 1.7-48.4] and the 2G/2G genotype for MMP-1 (mixed ethnicities odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 1.7-9.4; Caucasian odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.9) with lymph node–positive disease. MMP-1 2G/2G was associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.7), although this is dependent on lymph node status. Two haplotypes, driven by the MMP-1 2G allele, were significantly associated with lymph node–positive disease and survival. Conclusions: These results suggest that MMP single-nucleotide polymorphisms influence breast cancer behavior and that the MMP-1 2G/2G genotype increases the risk of lymph node metastasis and predicts poor prognosis.