Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Information Extraction for Spanish Language based on Syntactic Constraints

Open Information Extraction (Open IE) serves for the analysis of vast amounts of texts by extraction of assertions, or relations, in the form of tupleshargument 1; relation; argument 2i. Various approaches to Open IE have been designed to perform in a fast, unsupervised manner. All of them require language specific information for their implementation. In this work, we introduce an approach to Open IE based on syntactic constraints over POS tag sequences targeted at Spanish language. We describe the rules specific for Spanish language constructions and their implementation in EXTRHECH, an Open IE system for Spanish. We also discuss language-specific issues of implementation. We compare EXTRHECH’s performance with that of REVERB, a similar Open IE system for English, on a parallel dataset and show that these systems perform at a very similar level. We also compare EXTRHECH’s performance on a dataset of grammatically correct sentences against its performance on a dataset of random texts extracted from the Web, drastically different in their quality from the first dataset. The latter experiment shows robustness of EXTRHECH on texts from the Web.
Intravenous immunoglobulin: pharmacological properties and use in polyneuropathies

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is increasingly used for the treatment of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases with both licensed and off-label indications. The mechanism of action is complex and not fully understood, involving the neutralization of pathological antibodies, Fc receptor blockade, complement inhibition, immunoregulation of dendritic cells, B cells and T cells and the modulation of apoptosis. Areas covered: First, this review describes the pharmacological properties of IVIg, including the composition, mechanism of action, and adverse events. The second part gives an overview of some of the immune-mediated polyneuropathies, with special focus on the pathomechanism and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IVIg. A literature search on PubMed was performed using the terms IVIg, IVIg preparations, side effects, mechanism of action, clinical trials, GBS, CIDP. Expert opinion: Challenges associated with IVIg therapy and the treatment possibilities for immune-mediated polyneuropathies are discussed. The availability of IVIg is limited, the expenses are high, and, in several diseases, a chronic therapy is necessary to maintain the immunomodulatory effect. The better understanding of the mechanism of action of IVIg could open the possibility of the development of disease-specific, targeted immune therapies.
A-Type Carrier Protein ErpA Is Essential for Formation of an Active Formate-Nitrate Respiratory Pathway in Escherichia coli K-12

ABSTRACT A-type carrier (ATC) proteins of the Isc (iron-sulfur cluster) and Suf (sulfur mobilization) iron-sulfur ([Fe-S]) cluster biogenesis pathways are proposed to traffic preformed [Fe-S] clusters to apoprotein targets. In this study, we analyzed the roles of the ATC proteins ErpA, IscA, and SufA in the maturation of the nitrate-inducible, multisubunit anaerobic respiratory enzymes formate dehydrogenase N (Fdh-N) and nitrate reductase (Nar). Mutants lacking SufA had enhanced activities of both enzymes. While both Fdh-N and Nar activities were strongly reduced in an iscA mutant, both enzymes were inactive in an erpA mutant and in a mutant unable to synthesize the [Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein IscU. It could be shown for both Fdh-N and Nar that loss of enzyme activity correlated with absence of the [Fe-S] cluster-containing small subunit. Moreover, a slowly migrating form of the catalytic subunit FdnG of Fdh-N was observed, consistent with impeded twin arginine translocation (TAT)-dependent transport. The highly related Fdh-O enzyme was also inactive in the erpA mutant. Although the Nar enzyme has its catalytic subunit NarG localized in the cytoplasm, it also exhibited aberrant migration in an erpA iscA mutant, suggesting that these modular enzymes lack catalytic integrity due to impaired cofactor biosynthesis. Cross-complementation experiments demonstrated that multicopy IscA could partially compensate for lack of ErpA with respect to Fdh-N activity but not Nar activity. These findings suggest that ErpA and IscA have overlapping roles in assembly of these anaerobic respiratory enzymes but demonstrate that ErpA is essential for the production of active enzymes.
Shape Optimization with Stokes Constraints over the Set of Axisymmetric Domains

In this paper, we are interested in the study of shape optimizations problems with Stokes constraints within the class of axisymmetric domains represented by the graph of a function. Existence results with weak assumptions on the regularity of the graph are provided. We strongly use these assumptions to get some topological properties. We formulate the (shape) optimization problem using different constraints formulations: uniform bound constraints on the function and its derivative and/or volume (global) constraint. Writing the first order optimality conditions allows to provide quasi-explicit solutions in some particular cases and to give some hints for the treatment of the generic problem. Furthermore, we extend the (negative) result of [16] dealing with the non optimality of the cylinder.
Levels of serum immunoglobulins in apparently healthy children and adults in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Serum levels of the immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA and IgM were determined by the single radial immunodiffusion technique of Mancini in a total of 122 apparently healthy subjects consisting of 43 children (20 males; 23 females) aged 5-12 years and 79 adults (39 males; 40 females) aged 18-65 years resident in Port Harcourt, southeastern Nigeria. The effects of age and sex on the serum levels of the various immunoglobulin types were also determined. The mean values and ranges for the various immunoglobulin types are presented for both children and adults. Although, female children were found to have significantly lower mean values of IgA compared to male children (p<0.05), there were no significant differences in the mean values of both IgG and IgM between male and female children involved in the present study (p>0.05). However, female adults had significantly higher mean values of IgG and significantly lower mean values of IgA compared to male adults (p<0.05); suggesting a significant gender difference in the value of both IgG and IgA amongst adult subjects. No significant differences were observed in the mean values of any of the various types of immunoglobulin between adults and children. The present study reports mean values of the various types of immunoglobulin in apparently healthy children and adults resident in Port Harcourt, southeastern Nigeria. Significant gender differences were observed for some of the immunoglobulin types only amongst adults. Our results suggest that these gender differences amongst adults were apparently a gradual build-up from childhood. The results also confirm suggestions that levels of some immunoglobulin types seen amongst African adults may have possibly been attained during childhood. Our study could be of value since previous reports in this regard have been relatively scanty especially in this part of Nigeria.
Testing of the Maximal Dynamic Output Hypothesis in Trained and Untrained Subjects

Nuzzo, JL, McBride, JM, Dayne, AM, Israetel, MA, Dumke, CL, and Triplett, NT. Testing of the maximal dynamic output hypothesis in trained and untrained subjects. J Strength Cond Res 24(5): 1269-1276, 2010-The maximal dynamic output (MDO) hypothesis is a newly proposed concept, which suggests that the muscular system of the lower limbs is designed to produce maximal power output when performing countermovement vertical jumping (CMJ) at body mass as opposed to other loading conditions. However, it is unclear if the MDO concept can be applied to individuals with different levels of maximal strength. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if subjects, who have distinct differences in maximal strength, maximize CMJ power at body mass. Fourteen male strength-power trained subjects (squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM)-to-body mass ratio = 1.96 ± 0.24) and 6 untrained male subjects (squat 1RM-to-body mass ratio = 0.94 ± 0.18) completed CMJs with loads that were less than, equal to, and greater than body mass. Loads less than body mass were accomplished with a custom-designed unloading apparatus, and loads greater than body mass were accomplished with a barbell and weights. In both groups, mean values for CMJ peak and mean power were greatest during the body mass jump. Power outputs at body mass were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) than power outputs at various conditions of loading and unloading. These data support the MDO hypothesis and its application to individuals with significantly different 1RM-to-body mass ratios. Additionally, these data further support the idea that body mass CMJs are a theoretically sound way to train for power because of the maximal power outputs that are produced during this condition.
SPLASH: Perspectives on Mobile Socializing, Playing and Content Sharing

Social computing applications have empowered users to create and share content. Users are able to share rich location-based multimedia information by harnessing the phone capabilities such as Global Positioning Systems and wireless networking. An emerging line of inquiry has focused on the blending of social computing features with mobile gaming. In this paper, we introduce SPLASH(Socializing, Playing, Sharing), a multiplayer, pervasive social gaming and content sharing application. SPLASH users are able to share location-based content, play games and, at the same time, interact with other users in a virtual extension of a physical space. SPLASH was evaluated in two focus groups to elicit users'perspectives on the concepts of socializing, playing and sharing on the mobile platform. Our finding suggests that the participants were attracted to the novelty of the application, but felt that there were some improvements that could be done. Implications related to the game design drawn from the evaluation are discussed.
Development of a High-Efficient Mutation Resource with Phenotypic Variation in Hexaploid Winter Wheat and Identification of Novel Alleles in the TaAGP.L-B1 Gene

Mutated genetic resources play an important role in gene/allele characterization. Currently, there are few hexaploid winter wheat mutated resources available. Here, we developed a hexaploid winter wheat resource by inducing mutations via EMS treatment by the single seed descent method. A broad mutation spectrum with high mutation frequency (∼19%) on phenotypic variations was identified. These mutations included spike, leaf and seed morphology, plant architecture, and heading date variations. To evaluate the efficiency of the resource for reverse genetic analysis, allelic variations in the TaAGP.L-B1 gene, encoding the AGPase large subunit, were screened by the TILLING approach. Four missense mutations were identified and one allele in line E3-1-3, resulted in an amino acid change predicated to have severe effects on gene function. The other three mutations were predicted to have no effect. Results of gene expression patterns and grain starch content demonstrated that the novel allele in E3-1-3 altered the function of TaAGP.L-B1. Our results indicated that this mutated genetic wheat resource contained broad spectrum phenotypic and genotypic variations, that may be useful for wheat improvement, gene discovery, and functional genomics.
The kinetics of lipase activity and hydrolytic rancidity of raw, parboiled, and extruded rice bran during storage

The main problem related to rice bran use is that it goes rancid right after its production. The objective of the present study was to apply a mathematical model to evaluate the kinetics of the lipase activity and hydrolytic rancidity of the raw rice bran (RRB), extruded rice bran (ERB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB) stored in low density polyethylene bags at room temperature for 180 days. Extrusion and parboiling were efficient in preventing free fatty acid formationin ERB and PRB.Extrusion reduced the velocity constant of lipase activity as compared to that of RRB while parboiling increased it, and both decreased the lipase activity after equilibrium from 150 days. The extrusion and parboiling treatments increased the velocity constants for the liberation of free fatty acids although the equilibrium was reached with reduced production of free fatty acids in relation to the production of raw rice bran after 150 days ofstorage. Extrusion proved the best treatment under the storage temperature conditions of rice bran from cultivar BRS Primavera.
Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6

Vitamin A has biological functions as diverse as sensing light for vision, regulating stem cell differentiation, maintaining epithelial integrity, promoting immune competency, regulating learning and memory, and acting as a key developmental morphogen. Vitamin A derivatives have also been used in treating human diseases. If vitamin A is considered a drug that everyone needs to take to survive, evolution has come up with a natural drug delivery system that combines sustained release with precise and controlled delivery to the cells or tissues that depend on it. This “drug delivery system” is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake. The mechanism by which the RBP receptor absorbs vitamin A from the blood is distinct from other known cellular uptake mechanisms. This review summarizes recent progress in elucidating the fundamental molecular mechanism mediated by the RBP receptor and multiple newly discovered catalytic activities of this receptor, and compares this transport system with retinoid transport independent of RBP/STRA6. How to target this new type of transmembrane receptor using small molecules in treating diseases is also discussed.
What''s an Agent, Anyway? A Sociological Case Study. MIT Media Lab

A particle beam device is provided with an arrangement for eliminating deflection errors having a deflection system and a stigmator. The deflection system has at least two pairs of deflection means disposed in a single plane at right angles to each other. The two deflection means of each of the pairs are disposed diametrically opposite each other and are centered with respect to the beam axis. The stigmator has at least four pairs of field generating means grouped into two systems of two pairs each and the two field generating means of each of the pairs are likewise disposed diametrically opposite each other and centered with respect to the beam axis. The two systems are disposed in the single plane at right angles to each other and are arranged so that each of the systems forms an angle of 45 DEG with the two pairs of deflection means.
Duty-cycled multi-electrode radiofrequency vs. conventional irrigated point-by-point radiofrequency ablation for recurrent atrial fibrillation: comparative 3-year data.

AIMS Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an accepted treatment to relieve symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We studied 3 year outcome after PVI guided by duty-cycled multi-electrode radiofrequency (RF) ablation (pulmonary vein ablation catheter, PVAC) and provided comparative data to outcome after conventional PVI (CPVI) using mapping with irrigated, point-per-point RF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF and minimal heart disease underwent PVI (PVAC, n = 79 vs. CPVI, n = 82). Follow-up (with symptom-guided rhythm monitoring) was truncated at 3 years in all patients. Success was defined as freedom of documented arrhythmia after a single procedure and without antiarrhythmic drug treatment (ADT). Baseline characteristics did not differ between both groups. At 3 years follow-up, single-procedure success without ADT was comparable between PVAC and CPVI (65% vs. 55%, P = NS). The majority of recurrences occurred during the first year (PVAC 79% vs. CPVI 70%, P = NS). The annual rate of very late recurrence (i.e. beyond 1 year) was similar in both groups (10.5% vs. 15%, P = NS). CONCLUSION At 3 years follow-up, outcome after PVAC-guided PVI is comparable to conventional isolation by irrigated point-by-point RF ablation. In both strategies, the majority of recurrences occurred in the first year of ablation.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Activate the Nuclear Localization Sequence of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 DNA Helicase To Promote Efficient Nuclear Import

ABSTRACT Human and animal papillomavirus DNA replicates as multicopy nuclear plasmids. Replication requires two viral proteins, the origin-recognition protein E2 and the replicative DNA helicase E1. Using genetic, biochemical, and immunofluorescence assays, we demonstrated that efficient nuclear import of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 E1 protein depends on a codominant bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and on phosphorylation of the serine residues S89 and S93 by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. The NLS and the MAPK substrates are located within a 50-amino-acid-long peptide near the amino terminus, previously designated the localization regulatory region (LRR). The downstream NLS overlaps the cyclin-binding motif RRL, which is necessary for phosphorylation by the cyclin-dependent kinases to inactivate a dominant nuclear export sequence, also in the LRR. Alanine mutations of the MAPK substrates significantly impaired nuclear import, whereas phospho-mimetic mutations partially restored nuclear import. We further identified two MAPK docking motifs near the C terminus of E1 that are conserved among E1 proteins of many HPVs and bovine papillomavirus type 1. Mutations of these MAPK docking motifs or addition of specific MAPK inhibitors significantly reduced nuclear import. Interestingly, a fraction of the NLS-minus E1 protein was cotransported with the E2 protein into the nucleus and supported transient viral DNA replication. In contrast, E1 proteins mutated in the MAPK docking motifs were completely inactive in transient replication, an indication that additional properties were adversely affected by those changes.
Subspace Identification with Multiple Data Records: unlocking the archive

We develop an approach to subspace system identification using multiple data records and present a simple rank-based test for the adequacy of these data for fitting the unique linear, noise-free, dynamic model of prescribed state-vector, input-vector and output-vector dimensions. The approach is motivated by the prospect of sorting through archives of operational data and extracting a sequence of not-necessarily-contiguous data records individually insufficient for providing identifiability but collectively making this possible. The test of identifiability then becomes the sorting criterion for accepting or rejecting new data records. En passant, the familiar Hankel structure of the data matrices of subspace system identification is reinterpreted and revised.
The Meaning and Gendered Culture of Getting High: Gang Girls and Drug Use Issues

This paper explores drug use in the lives of female gang members. Gang researchers have traditionally neglected the roles that females play in street gangs. More recent efforts have begun to examine the social life of young women and to uncover the extent to which the women develop a subculture within a male-dominated environment. In analyzing the culture of drug use in gang life, we uncover the extent to which women use illicit drugs in a highly gendered way. We focus on the ways in which female gang members use drugs in a recreational manner, in a social setting where drug taking is normative behavior. Data for this paper are drawn from an ongoing study of street gangs in the San Francisco Bay area in which 168 female gang members were interviewed using both a quantitative and a qualitative interview schedule.
Health-related barriers to employment among people with HIV/AIDS

With the advent of more advanced treatments and therapies, people with HIV/AIDS are experiencing significant improvements in physical and mental health, making many of their ongoing career goals more realistic. However, many people with HIV/AIDS who are unemployed but would like to work continue to have major concerns regarding the impact of employment on their benefits and entitlements. In addition to issues regarding potential financial hardships, many people living with HIV/AIDS express uncertainty related to their health status, and they worry that some working conditions could deleteriously affect their health. The present evaluation focuses on two major issues identified in previous research: health perceptions and sources of insurance and health benefits. In addition, the study utilizes a standardized instrument, the MOS-HIV Scale, designed specifically to characterize aspects of health and well-being among people with HIV/AIDS.
Ballistic transport in nanoscale devices

Ballistic transport from low-field to high-field regime is reviewed with transition from low-field ballistic mobility to high-field drift velocity limited to the intrinsic velocity for a given dimensionality. Equilibrium Fermi-Dirac to Boltzmann to nonequilibrium Arora distribution is delineated and applied. Ballistic injection from the contacts is shown to be of paramount importance as channels scale down to lengths below the scattering-limited mean free path (mfp). Mobility and drift velocity expressions covering the wide spectrum are obtained and compared with existing experimental data. The gamut spans low to high field transport, nondegenerate to degenerate statistics, and scattering-limited stochastic to unilateral streamlined regime.
Improved Subcarrier and Power Allocation Schemes for Wireless Multicast in OFDM Systems

A capacity maximization problem subject to a total power constraint in OFDM-based wireless multicast systems is investigated in this paper. A subcarrier and power allocation method is proposed based on a property observed from the simulation in the multicast system. We design a criterion to efficiently assign subcarriers to multicast groups. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method outperforms the existing suboptimal methods. With the help of the improved mechanism and the designed criterion, the performance of the proposed method is almost the same as that of the optimal solution.