Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Restarts on the Efficiency of Clause Learning

Given the common use of restarts in today's clause learning SAT solvers, the task of choosing a good restart policy appears to have attracted remarkably little interest. On the other hand, results have been reported on the use of different restart policies for combinatorial search algorithms. Such results are not directly applicable to clause learning SAT solvers, as the latter are now understood as performing a form of resolution, something fundamentally different from search (in the sense of backtracking search for satisfying assignments). In this paper we provide strong evidence that a clause learning SAT solver could benefit substantially from a carefully designed restart policy (which may not yet be available). We begin by pointing out that the restart policy works together with other aspects of a SAT solver in determining the sequence of resolution steps performed by the solver, and hence its efficiency. In this spirit we implement a prototype clause learning SAT solver that facilitates restarts at arbitrary points, and conduct experiments on an extensive set of industrial benchmarks using various restart policies, including those used by well-known SAT solvers as well as a universal policy proposed in 1993 by Luby et al. The results indicate a substantial impact of the restart policy on the efficiency of the solver, and provide motivation for the design of better restart policies, particularly dynamic ones.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Original Studies The Presence of Angiographic Collaterals in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction is a Predictor of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes

Objectives: To determine whether the presence of angiographic coronary collaterals is a predictor of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Background: The presence of coronary collaterals on angiography provides prognostic information in patients with STEMI, but it is unknown whether they provide prognostic information in patients with NSTEMI. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 931 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography of which 269 (29%) had a NSTEMI. Baseline characteristics, angiographic details, and long-term clinical outcomes including death, recurrent MI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF) were collected. Each clinical outcome as well as the combined endpoint of death, recurrent MI, CABG, PCI stroke and CHF was compared in subjects with and without collaterals. Results: At one year, individuals with collaterals had significantly increased rates of the combined endpoint compared with those without (25% vs. 16%, P 5 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, the presence of collaterals was a strong predictor of the combined endpoint of death, recurrent MI, CABG, PCI, stroke and CHF (HR 1.95, CI 95% 1.0823.52; P 5 0.027). Similarly, in the subset of 115 patients (43%) in whom the culprit artery was identified, the presence of collaterals was a strong negative predictor (HR 3.71, CI 1.31210.57, P 5 0.014), driven by a 13-fold increase in subsequent CABG. Conclusions: In patients with NSTEMI the presence of angiographic coronary collaterals is a predictor of long-term clinical outcomes primarily driven by increased rates of surgical revascularization. VC 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrophil and endothelial adhesive function during human fetal ontogeny

Attenuation of the immune response contributes to the high rate of neonatal infections, particularly in premature infants. Whereas our knowledge of innate immune functions in mature neonates is growing, little is known about the ontogeny of neutrophil recruitment. We investigated neutrophils and ECs in the course of gestation with respect to rolling and adhesive functions. With the use of microflow chambers, we demonstrate that the neutrophilˈs ability to roll and adhere directly correlates with gestational age. These adhesion‐related abilities are very rare in extremely premature infants (<30 weeks of gestation), which may correlate with our observation of markedly reduced expression of PSGL‐1 and Mac‐1 on neutrophils in preterm infants. In parallel, the capacity of HUVECs to mediate neutrophil adhesion under flow increases with gestational age. In addition, HUVECs from extremely premature infants exerting the lowest ability to recruit adult neutrophils show a diminished up‐regulation of E‐selectin and ICAM‐1. Finally, by following neutrophil function postnatally, we show that maturation of PMN recruitment proceeds equivalently during extra‐ and intrauterine development. Thus, PMN recruitment and EC adhesion‐related functions are ontogenetically regulated in the fetus, which might contribute significantly to the high risk of life‐threatening infections in premature infants.
Rhomboid proteases in invasion and replication of Apicomplexa

In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Rugarabamu and colleagues investigate the role of rhomboid proteases responsible for adhesin shedding during invasion of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This study, together with several other recent publications, raises new questions about the function of these rhomboids in Toxoplasma, while also strongly arguing against other recently proposed roles for these proteases.
Staging and prognostication of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease that, over the past 15 years, has seen an increased understanding of its biology and of novel therapeutic options. Distinctive subtypes of the disease have been described, each with different outcomes and clinic-pathological features. Even though a detailed classification of MM into at least seven or eight major subtypes is possible, a more practical clinical approach can classify the disease into high-risk and non-high-risk MM. Such classification has permitted a more personalized approach to the management of the disease. Additionally, risk stratification should be included in outcome discussions with patients, as survival differs significantly by high-risk status. Nowadays, test for risk stratification are widely available and can be routinely used in the clinic. A greater understanding of the genetic abnormalities underlying the biology of MM will allow for the development of novel targeted therapies and better prognostic markers of the disease.
Alfa fibers/clay hybrid composites based on polypropylene

In this work, two different natural fillers (alfa fibers and clay particles) were used to produce hybrid composites based on polypropylene. The samples were compounded by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. As a first step, a constant overall filler loading was used (30 wt%) to study the effect of the relative filler loading. To improve adhesion with a matrix, alfa fibers were surface treated using an alkali solution, while the clay was purified and grinded to reduce particle sizes. The morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties (quasi-static and dynamic properties) were studied and found to vary with filler type and relative content. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that natural fiber-reinforced polymers combined with natural particulate fillers have advantages in terms of mechanical properties improvement, while increasing the use of natural materials. These hybrid composites show that new avenues are possible to reduce the use of synthetic fillers in composites.
Neonatal neurobehavior effects following buprenorphine versus methadone exposure.

AIM To determine the effects of in utero exposure to methadone or buprenorphine on infant neurobehavior. DESIGN Three sites from the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) study, a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized clinical trial participated in this substudy. SETTING Medical Centers that provided comprehensive maternal care to opioid-dependent pregnant women in Baltimore, MD, Providence, RI and Vienna, Austria. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine full-term infants. MEASUREMENTS The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was administered to a subgroup of infants on postpartum days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14-15 and 28-30. FINDINGS While neurobehavior improved for both medication conditions over time, infants exposed in utero to buprenorphine exhibited fewer stress-abstinence signs (P < 0.001), were less excitable (P < 0.001) and less over-aroused (P < 0.01), exhibited less hypertonia (P < 0.007), had better self-regulation (P < 0.04) and required less handling (P < 0.001) to maintain a quiet alert state relative to in utero methadone-exposed infants. Infants who were older when they began morphine treatment for withdrawal had higher self-regulation scores (P < 0.01), and demonstrated the least amount of excitability (P < 0.02) and hypertonia (P < 0.02) on average. Quality of movement was correlated negatively with peak NAS score (P < 0.01), number of days treated with morphine for NAS (P < 0.01) and total amount of morphine received (P < 0.03). Excitability scores were related positively to total morphine dose (P < 0.03). CONCLUSION While neurobehavior improves during the first month of postnatal life for in utero agonist medication-exposed neonates, buprenorphine exposure results in superior neurobehavioral scores and less severe withdrawal than does methadone exposure.
Incubation Conditions Are More Important in Determining Early Thermoregulatory Ability than Posthatch Resource Conditions in a Precocial Bird

Recent research in birds suggests that investing in incubation is one mechanism by which parents can enhance the phenotype of their offspring. Posthatch environmental conditions can also shape an individual’s phenotype, and it is thus possible for pre- and posthatch conditions to have interactive effects on an individual’s phenotype. In this study, we examined the individual and interactive effects of prehatch incubation temperature and posthatch food availability on growth, food consumption, and thermoregulatory ability in wood duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings. Eggs were incubated at one of three temperatures (35.0°, 35.9°, or 37.0°C), and then ducklings were reared on an either ad lib. or time-restricted diet for 12 d after hatching. We found that food availability influenced duckling growth, with the slowest growth occurring in ducklings fed the restricted diet. Incubation temperature also interacted with food conditions to influence duckling growth: ducklings fed ad lib. from the lowest incubation temperature grew slower than ducklings fed ad lib. from the higher incubation temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the improvement in a duckling’s ability to maintain body temperature in the face of a thermal challenge was influenced by embryonic incubation temperature but not feeding conditions. Ducklings from the highest incubation temperature experienced the greatest improvement in thermoregulatory performance with age. Our findings suggest that the prehatch environment is more important than posthatch resource conditions in determining some physiological functions and underscores the important role that incubation temperature plays in determining offspring phenotype in birds.
Diversity of sharp-wave–ripple LFP signatures reveals differentiated brain-wide dynamical events

Significance Sharp-wave–ripple (SPW-R) episodes observed in the electrical activity of mammalian hippocampus are traditionally associated to memory consolidation during sleep but have been recently observed during active behavior. Their involvement in various cognitive functions suggests the existence of SPW-R subtypes engaged in distinct neuronal activity patterns at multiple scales. We use concurrent electrophysiological and functional MRI (fMRI) recordings in macaque monkeys to investigate this hypothesis. We discover several subtypes of SPW-R with distinct electrophysiological properties. Importantly, fMRI recordings reveal differences between the large-scale signatures of SPW-R subtypes, indicating differentiated interactions with neocortex, and contributions of neuromodulatory pathways to the SPW-R phenomenon. Understanding the detailed properties of hippocampal SPW-Rs at multiple scales will provide new insights on the function of memory systems. Sharp-wave–ripple (SPW-R) complexes are believed to mediate memory reactivation, transfer, and consolidation. However, their underlying neuronal dynamics at multiple scales remains poorly understood. Using concurrent hippocampal local field potential (LFP) recordings and functional MRI (fMRI), we study local changes in neuronal activity during SPW-R episodes and their brain-wide correlates. Analysis of the temporal alignment between SPW and ripple components reveals well-differentiated SPW-R subtypes in the CA1 LFP. SPW-R–triggered fMRI maps show that ripples aligned to the positive peak of their SPWs have enhanced neocortical metabolic up-regulation. In contrast, ripples occurring at the trough of their SPWs relate to weaker neocortical up-regulation and absent subcortical down-regulation, indicating differentiated involvement of neuromodulatory pathways in the ripple phenomenon mediated by long-range interactions. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for the existence of SPW-R subtypes with differentiated CA1 activity and metabolic correlates in related brain areas, possibly serving different memory functions.
Parallel O(log N) algorithms for computation of manipulator forward dynamics

In this paper, two parallel O(log N) algorithms for the computation of manipulator forward dynamics are presented. They are based on a new O(N) algorithm for the problem which is developed from a new factorization of mass matrix M. Specifically, a factorization of the inverse M/sup -1/ in the form of a Schur complement is derived. The new O(N) algorithm is then developed as a recursive implementation of this factorization. It is shown that the resulting algorithm is strictly parallel, that is, it is less efficient than other algorithms for serial computation of the problem. However, to our knowledge, it is the only algorithm that can be parallelized to derive both a time-optimal O(logN) - and processor-optimal - O(N) - parallel algorithm for the problem. A more efficient parallel O(logN) algorithm based on a multilevel exploitation of parallelism is also briefly described. In addition to their theoretical significance, these parallel algorithms allow a practical implementation due to their simple architectural requirements. >
Making dead history come alive through mobile game-play

This work in progress presents a design approach to digitally enhancing an existing paper-based game to support young students learning history at an archaeological site, by making use of recent advantages provided by mobile technology. It requires minimal investments and changes to the existing site exhibition because it runs on the visitors. own cellular phones. It is expected that game-play will trigger a desire to learn more about ancient history and to make archaeological visits more effective and exciting.
Noncanonical Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Signaling in Cranial Neural Crest Cells Causes Tongue Muscle Developmental Defects*♦

Background: TGFβ signaling is required in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells during tongue development. Results: TGFβ-mediated ABL1 activation in CNC cells results in altered Fgf4 and Fst gene expression and a failure of muscle development. Conclusion: TGFβ activates the ABL1 pathway in the absence of TGFβ receptor type II (TβRII) during tongue development. Significance: Activation of noncanonical TGFβ signaling causes microglossia. Microglossia is a congenital birth defect in humans and adversely impacts quality of life. In vertebrates, tongue muscle derives from the cranial mesoderm, whereas tendons and connective tissues in the craniofacial region originate from cranial neural crest (CNC) cells. Loss of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type II receptor in CNC cells in mice (Tgfbr2fl/fl;Wnt1-Cre) causes microglossia due to a failure of cell-cell communication between cranial mesoderm and CNC cells during tongue development. However, it is still unclear how TGFβ signaling in CNC cells regulates the fate of mesoderm-derived myoblasts during tongue development. Here we show that activation of the cytoplasmic and nuclear tyrosine kinase 1 (ABL1) cascade in Tgfbr2fl/fl;Wnt1-Cre mice results in a failure of CNC-derived cell differentiation followed by a disruption of TGFβ-mediated induction of growth factors and reduction of myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation activities. Among the affected growth factors, the addition of fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) and neutralizing antibody for follistatin (FST; an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)) could most efficiently restore cell proliferation, differentiation, and organization of muscle cells in the tongue of Tgfbr2fl/fl;Wnt1-Cre mice. Thus, our data indicate that CNC-derived fibroblasts regulate the fate of mesoderm-derived myoblasts through TGFβ-mediated regulation of FGF and BMP signaling during tongue development.
Targeted and non-targeted effects from combinations of low doses of energetic protons and iron ions in human fibroblasts

Purpose: In space, astronauts are exposed to mixed radiation fields consisting of energetic protons and high atomic number, high energy (HZE) particles at low dose rates. Therefore, it is critical to understand effects of combinations of low doses of different radiation types at the cellular level. Materials and methods: AG01522 normal human skin fibroblasts and a transwell insert co-culture system were used. Irradiations used were 1 GeV/amu (gigaelectron volt/atomic mass unit) protons and 1 GeV/amu iron (Fe) ions. DNA damage was measured as micronucleus (MN) formation and p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci induction. Results: The same magnitude of DNA damage was induced in cells sequentially exposed to 1 cGy protons and 1 cGy Fe ions as in cells irradiated with either protons or Fe ions alone. The same magnitude of DNA damage was also observed in non-irradiated bystander cells sharing medium with cells irradiated with either 1 cGy protons or iron ions or protons plus iron ions. However, when the ‘bystander’ cells were exposed to 1 cGy protons up to 3 h before co-culture with Fe ion-irradiated cells, no DNA damage in the ‘bystander’ cells was observed. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence of interactions between targeted and non-targeted DNA damage caused by dual exposure to low doses of energetic protons and iron ions.
Predicting (0, 1)-functions on randomly drawn points

The authors consider the problem of predicting (0, 1)-valued functions on R/sup n/ and smaller domains, based on their values on randomly drawn points. Their model is related to L.G. Valiant's learnability model (1984), but does not require the hypotheses used for prediction to be represented in any specified form. The authors first disregard computational complexity and show how to construct prediction strategies that are optimal to within a constant factor for any reasonable class F of target functions. These prediction strategies use the 1-inclusion graph structure from N. Alon et al.'s work on geometric range queries (1987) to minimize the probability of incorrect prediction. They then turn to computationally efficient algorithms. For indicator functions of axis-parallel rectangles and halfspaces in R/sup n/, they demonstrate how their techniques can be applied to construct computational efficient prediction strategies that are optimal to within a constant factor. They compare the general performance of prediction strategies derived by their method to those derived from existing methods in Valiant's learnability theory. <<ETX>>
The role and impact of context-driven personalisation technology on customer acceptance of advertising via short message service (SMS)

There exists the common belief that the more personalised the message, the greater the relevance to the customer, enhancing the trust between customer and firm and thereby leading to a stronger customer relationship. Yet, little is known about the effectiveness and impact on customer acceptance, specifically in advertising, of short message service (SMS). Combining the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and information-processing theory, this study investigated how context-driven personalisation technology works and its interaction with the need for cognition (NFC) on attitude towards advertising (ATA). A field experiment was conducted with a credit card service firm with verbalisation through the thought-listing technique. The results from 210 participants show that context-driven personalisation technology exhibits a strong influence on persuasion process, whereas there is no significant interaction of NFC. Practitioner will gain more insight into how the customer perceives personalised advertising, while, academically, it will lead to the further study of other personalisation technologies.
Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction

Many Internet information resources present relational data|telephone directories, product catalogs, etc. Because these sites are formatted for people, mechanically extracting their content is di(cid:14)cult. Systems using such resources typically use hand-coded wrappers, procedures to extract data from information resources. We introduce wrapper induction, a method for automatically constructing wrappers, and identify hlrt , a wrapper class that is e(cid:14)ciently learnable, yet expressive enough to handle 48% of a recently surveyed sample of Internet resources. We use PAC analysis to bound the problem’s sample complexity, and show that the system degrades gracefully with imperfect labeling knowledge.
Cisplatin treatment of primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinomas generates residual cells with mesenchymal stem cell‐like profile

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSC) have been associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Eighty percent of ovarian cancer patients initially respond to platinum‐based combination therapy but most return with recurrence and ultimate demise. To better understand such chemoresistance we have assessed the potential role of EMT in tumor cells collected from advanced‐stage ovarian cancer patients and the ovarian cancer cell line OVCA 433 in response to cisplatin in vitro. We demonstrate that cisplatin‐induced transition from epithelial to mesenchymal morphology in residual cancer cells correlated with reduced E‐cadherin, and increased N‐cadherin and vimentin expression. The mRNA expression of Snail, Slug, Twist, and MMP‐2 were significantly enhanced in response to cisplatin and correlated with increased migration. This coincided with increased cell surface expression of CSC‐like markers such as CD44, α2 integrin subunit, CD117, CD133, EpCAM, and the expression of stem cell factors Nanog and Oct‐4. EMT and CSC‐like changes in response to cisplatin correlated with enhanced activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. The selective MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited ERK2 activation and partially suppressed cisplatin‐induced EMT and CSC markers. In vivo xenotransplantation of cisplatin‐treated OVCA 433 cells in zebrafish embryos demonstrated significantly enhanced migration of cells compared to control untreated cells. U0126 inhibited cisplatin‐induced migration of cells in vivo, suggesting that ERK2 signaling is critical to cisplatin‐induced EMT and CSC phenotypes, and that targeting ERK2 in the presence of cisplatin may reduce the burden of residual tumor, the ultimate cause of recurrence in ovarian cancer patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2850–2864, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.