Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathological features of triple‐negative breast cancers that showed progressive disease during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Clinical progressive disease (cPD) occurs during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in 3%–5% of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. We aimed to identify the histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters that are correlated with the TNBC that showed cPD. We identified 22 TNBCs that showed cPD during NAC (cPD group) and 80 TNBCs that did not receive NAC (control group). Using surgically resected tumor specimens, we performed histopathologic examinations and immunohistochemical analysis of 11 molecules that appeared relevant to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and basal‐like, molecular apocrine and other features. Metaplastic carcinomas (MPCs) and high proliferation (≥50 mitoses per 10 high‐power fields or ≥50% Ki‐67 score) were more frequent in the cPD than in the control (41% vs 3%, P < 0.001, and 86% vs 50%, P = 0.0049, respectively). Positive cytokeratin 5/6, ZEB1, TWISTNB, vimentin, and HMGB1 expressions and negative androgen receptor were more frequent in the cPD than in the control. By an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis incorporating these 11 molecules, the 102 TNBCs were divided into two major clusters and seven subclusters that appeared to correspond to intrinsic subtype, cPD status, histological type, and clinical outcome. In 27% of cPD cases, the MPC component appeared only in the post‐NAC specimens. The combinations of high proliferation, metaplastic features, and immunohistochemical statuses of some EMT and basal‐like markers and androgen receptor appeared to be able to characterize the TNBCs that showed cPD after NAC.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL VARIABLES ON JOURNALISTS’ USES AND VIEWS OF SOCIAL MEDIA

This article explores the uses of social media by journalists and their views about these tools in four European countries. It examines how professional variables, namely media sector, length of professional career and size of organisation, influence use of and views about social media. The analysis is based on findings from a questionnaire survey of journalists in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It demonstrates that patterns of uses and opinions, while sharing some features, do vary across the four countries, with UK journalists being the most avid users of social media and those with the most positive attitudes towards these tools. The findings also reveal that influences of the examined professional variables vary and they do not explain overall patterns in social media use and attitudes. Thus, these variables do affect practices in some contexts, but they do not provide an overall explanation of social media appropriation in professional practices. The article argues that journalists, similar to audiences, are increasingly fragmented and their professional practices are influenced by a myriad of different variables.
Contested markets: morality, devices and vulnerable populations

While certain contested goods do manage to make their way to the market, others have moved less far in this direction and seem permanently unable to do so. Moral contestation promotes, holds back or blocks the emergence of contested markets. This article examines the conditions that make the operation of these markets possible, and those that block their appearance. Based on a study of organs for transplantation, our discussion will focus on those devices that make transactions possible, and on the ‘vulnerable populations’ that these devices are intended to protect, either from or by the market.
Research and Realization of Facial Expression Robot

By analysing the formation mechanism of human facial expressions and summary of existing research about facial expression robot, the paper summarized the facial expression robot, developed three technical difficulties, and proposed the improvements according to the technical difficulties. Based on the above, the paper presented one facial robot with eight facial expressions of basic emotions. In mechanical part, the mechanical structure with 20 degrees of freedom is designed; in control part, SSC32 V2 is used to control 20 servo coordination movements; in simulation modelling part, a special silicon rubber material is developed and the soft part of material is used to as the skin of facial expression robot. The facial expression of robot substantially increased the extent of such robot simulation.
Learning for Climate Change Adaptation among Selected Communities of Lusaka Province in Zambia

This research was aimed at surveying perceptions of climate change and educational themes that would be contextually relevant for climate change adaptation. It locates within the United Nations’ Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO’s) Balaclava recommendations on Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development (2013). Uncertainty as to how residents of selected households understood the causes and effects of climate change as well as the content structure of learning for climate change adaptation constituted the problem. Using social constructivism, hermeneutics, survey design, semistructured interviews and constant comparative analysis, the article shows that the challenges of climate change are comprehended in diverse ways. It also shows that drawing knowledge from diverse sources or cross-disciplines can evoke behavioural and social change that is critical in order to nurture best thinking and practices regarding adaptation.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Naloxone in Human Volunteers

To investigate the pharmacokinetics of naloxone in healthy volunteers, we undertook an open-label crossover study in which six male volunteers received naloxone on five occasions: intravenous (0.8 mg), intramuscular (0.8 mg), intranasal (0.8 mg), intravenous (2 mg), and intranasal (2 mg). Samples were collected for 4 hours after administration for 128 samples in total. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using NONMEM. The data were best described by a three-compartment model with first-order absorption for intramuscular and intranasal administration, between-subject variability on clearance and central volume, lean body weight on clearance, and weight on central volume. Relative bioavailability of intramuscular and intranasal naloxone was 36% and 4%, respectively. The final parameter estimates were clearance, 91 L/hr; central volume, 2.87 L; first peripheral compartment volume, 1.49 L, second peripheral compartment volume, 33.6 L; first intercompartmental clearance, 5.66 L/hr; second intercompartmental clearance, 29.8 L/hr; Ka (intramuscular), 0.65; and Ka (intranasal), 1.52. Median time to peak concentration for intramuscular naloxone was 12 minutes and for intranasal, 6 to 9 minutes. A combination of intravenous and intramuscular naloxone provided immediate high and then detectable concentrations for 4 hours. Intranasal naloxone had poor bioavailability compared with intramuscular. Combined intravenous and intramuscular administration may be a useful alternative to naloxone infusions.
Incidence of Mallophaga on poultry in Dehradun (India).

The order of abundance of different mallophagan species on poultry birds in Dehradun (India) has been found to be Menopon gallinae greater than Menacanthus cornutus greater than Menacanthus stramineus greater than Goniocotes gallinae greater than Goniodes dissimilis greater than Lipeurus caponis greater than Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis greater than Goniodes gigas. The intensity of these species upon 1249 birds has been recorded by coding system. The correlation between the monthly incidence of different species and environmental temperature as well as R.H. has been recorded. The degree of association between four most commonly occurring combinations has also been analysed.
Tax Evasion Dynamics in the Czech Republic: First Evidence of an Evasional Kuznets Curve

Using surveys of the Czech Republic taken in 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006 we measure how the percentage of tax evaders evolved from 1995 until 2006. We find that at first evasion rose, leveled off, and then fell along a quadratic path, suggesting the existence of what we call an evasional Kuznets curve. Our paper is the first to document the existence of an evasional Kuznets curve and to show how it can help improve Markov-chain predictions of tax evasion. We conclude by suggesting that the evasional Kuznets curve may be a subset of a larger trend in evasion for both transitional and developed economies.
Methylation of the p16INK4A gene in multiple myeloma

The p16INK4A (p16) binds to both cyclin D‐CDK4 and cyclin D‐CDK6 and inhibits the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. Loss of expression of this protein can occur by several mechanisms including structural alterations. Recent studies have suggested that the loss of expression of p16 can occur by hypermethylation of the gene. The methylation status of the p16 gene in multiple myeloma was examined in three myeloma cell lines (U266, RPMI8226 and IM9) and 16 primary myeloma samples using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The U266 and RPMI8226 cell lines contained a completely methylated p16 gene and the IM9 line had a partially methylated p16 gene. Identical results were obtained by another polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methylation assay system as well as Southern blotting after using a methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme. The U266 cell line expressed no p16, and the IM9 had weak expression as determined by reverse transcript (RT‐)PCR. The U266 cells began to express, and IM9 increased the accumulation of, the p16 RNA after treatment with the demethylating agent 5′‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (10−6–10−5 M). This suggested that the levels of methylation of the p16 gene detected by the MSP technique correlated with the regulation of transcription of this gene. Examination of the primary myeloma samples showed that eight of 16 (50%) contained a methylated p16 gene. We have previously found that alterations of the p16 gene, such as deletions and point mutations, are rare in primary multiple myeloma; none of the 16 samples included in this study had p16 gene alterations. Our results suggest that methylation of the p16 gene may contribute to the development and/or progression of multiple myeloma.
Of Lawyers and Samsars: The Legal Services Market and the Authoritarian State in Ben ‘Ali’s Tunisia (1987–2011)

The recent history of the Tunisian Bar was symptomatic of repeated attempts by President Ben ‘Ali’s authoritarian state to subjugate a profession which was meant to guarantee respect for the rule of law and defendants’ rights. To this end, the state established an apparatus intended to control the workings of the legal services market and reduce the profession’s capacity for self-regulation. This situation led to the development of illegal practices and influenced a majority of lawyers to support the mobilization against Ben ‘Ali’s regime.
The Socially Embedded Corporation

This chapter examines the contested social processes through which contemporary global corporations are ‘socially embedded’: that is, conditioned and constrained by the social relationships in which they participate. The chapter asks how such social embedding occurs, and offers an answer involving a much more overtly politicized account of social embedding than is often presented. Contemporary processes of corporate social embedding are shown to be deeply contested in both normative and sociological terms. Patterns of social embedding that prevail therefore result from the inter-play between a plurality of competing social influences, operating through public and private channels, and at multiple geographical levels. The chapter suggests that analysts of corporate social embedding should therefore focus less on debating supposedly secular societal shifts in expectations of socially responsible corporate conduct, and more on understanding how companies manage the inevitable tensions and trade-offs between competing social demands.
Political Connections and Access to IPO Markets in China

Using hand-collected data on IPOs by private-owned enterprises, this article examines the regulatory benefits of political connections in China's state-controlled going public process, a subject that has rarely been investigated in existing literature. This article makes the following findings: first, political connections have significant positive impact on enterprises' chances of being approved for IPOs; second, enterprises with political connections are significantly more likely to receive preferential treatments (e.g., higher offering price-to-earning ratio) from regulatory authorities; third, enterprises with political connections are significantly less likely to be selected for pre-IPO on-site auditing by regulatory authorities. The findings of this article may provide answer to the question why China has been so reluctant to adopt disclosure-based regulatory regime as well as insights into the puzzle of the consistent poor performance of China's stock markets.
Mosaic versus regulation development in avian blastoderms depends on the spatial distribution of Rauber's sickle material

We describe how to prepare unincubated avian eggs to obtain a greater number of clearly visible Rauber's sickles for experimental embryology. After hemi‐sectioning of unincubated chicken (Gallus domesticus) blastoderms and cultivating both halves in vitro, two kinds of development can be discerned: (1) when the unincubated blastoderms were hemi‐sectioned according to the plane of bilateral symmetry, going through the middle region of Rauber's sickle, we obtained two hemi‐embryos (a left and a right one). Each contained a half primitive streak, localized at the cut edge (starting from the most median part of Rauber's sickle) giving rise to a half mesoblast mantle and half area vasculosa, thus indicating mosaic development (each part of the whole fertilized egg would be able to form independently on its own). (2) When the unincubated blastoderm is hemi‐sectioned more obliquely, going through a more lateral part of Rauber's sickle (sickle horn), two complete bilaterally symmetrically miniature embryos will form, indicating the so‐called regulation phenomena. We demonstrate that these two types of development are in reality due to the different spreading and concentration of Rauber's sickle tissue (containing γ ooplasm) around the area centralis. Embryonic regulation thus must not be considered as a kind of totipotent regeneration capacity of isolated parts of the unincubated avian blastoderm, but depends on the spatial distribution of a kind of extraembryonic tissue (Rauber's sickle) built up by the oblique uptake of γ ooplasm (ooplasmic mosaicism) at the moment of bilateral symmetrization (Callebaut [ 1994 ] Eur Arch Biol 105:111–123; Callebaut [ 2005 ] Dev Dyn 233:1194–1216). J. Morphol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consumer confusion: the choice of pension fund manager in Mexico

Abstract The article shows that in markets with “noise”, such as the pension fund manager industry in Mexico, an ample number of competitors may not significantly reduce mark-ups. Utilizing the statistical distribution of the industry's “noise”, the theoretical framework allows for the estimation of the mark-up. The model also indicates that as the number of pension fund managers increases, the mark-up diminishes at a very slow rate. This implies that more participants in the industry will hardly affect prices. The referred hypotheses are confirmed using information of Mexico's pension fund industry. Evidence also indicates that account transfers among pension fund administrators barely respond to price or return considerations, and that switching has not served as a market disciplining tool that would result in lower fees and higher returns for the consumer.
Arts tourism in Seoul: tourist-orientated performing arts as a sustainable niche market

This paper explores the complex relationships between inbound tourist markets, tourist-orientated local performing arts productions and ways to counter the corrosive effects of global cultural brands on local cultures. In Seoul, a survey analysed arts tourist types, travel patterns, product recognition, decision-making, satisfaction and loyalty of Chinese, Japanese, South-East Asian and western audience members at seven tourist-orientated performing arts productions. Segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) analysis identified market segments aligned to audience nationality. Multiple regression analysis and an analysis of moment structures (AMOS) examined the relationship between performance, service and satisfaction levels with the productions. Travel patterns indicated arts-core tourists were more frequent among Chinese, Japanese and westerners; arts-peripheral tourists were more frequent among South-East Asians. Production recognition showed that Japanese most often choose Seoul as a destination for watching performing arts. Satisfaction with productions was highest among westerners; the quality of on-stage performance was most important for the audience loyalty overall. The STP process identifies four market segments and niche marketing strategies for each; sustainability guidelines are provided for the productions. This study demonstrates a link between the sustainability of local culture and strategic market segmentation targeting those specific niche markets which can support local products in cultural tourism's arts sector.
Wasteful Commuting Again

In "Wasteful Commuting" (Hamilton 1982), I presented estimates that suggested that almost 90 percent of urban commuting could be eliminated by reassigning workers to different houses or jobs (it does not matter which). Furthermore, I argued that this minimum feasible commute is the volume of commuting that would emerge from the optimization process underlying the standard monocentric models, even allowing for decentralized employment. White (1988) has challenged some of my assumptions as well as my results. With respect to assumptions, she argues that suburban employment is not diffuse, as I assume, but is concentrated in subcenters. If these subcenters are a significant portion of suburban employment, then my estimates of required commuting are biased downward because the commuting pattern that I assumed to be optimal is not feasible. White then estimates required and wasteful commuting based on journey to work data from the 1980 census. On the basis of these data, she concludes that only about 10 percent of commuting could be eliminated by swapping homes and jobs.
Taxes, Tenders and the Design of Australian Off‐Market Share Repurchases

In designing off‐market (self‐tender offer) share repurchases, Australian companies must consider the resulting potential tax benefits for different investor groups with consequent effects upon the supply of stock tendered by holders and the ultimate tender outcome. We develop and estimate a model of the stock supply curve that demonstrates less than perfect elasticity and incomplete tax arbitrage arising from ‘participation risk’ for potential arbitrageurs. We are able to estimate the extent of disequilibrium in prices involved in fixed‐price repurchases and show that it is substantial. We show that Australian Tax Office restrictions on the tender price range for Dutch auctions have meant that non‐participating shareholders have foregone some potential benefits through the transfer of tax benefits to (primarily institutional, low tax rate) successful tender participants. The results provide support for legislative changes proposed in 2009 (but not implemented as of mid 2011), which removed constraints on the allowable range of repurchase prices.
Abnormalities in hemostasis in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Our understanding of the hemostatic abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has undergone remarkable changes over the past three decades. Hemorrhagic complications lead to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with APL. Up to 30% of early deaths are due to hemorrhagic complications. Our concept of the coagulation changes in APL have evolved from a simple belief that the bleeding was due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) from underlying infection, to a knowledge that the APL cells themselves are responsible for the bleeding. We have observed that apoptotic APL cells have increased generation of thrombin and therefore contribute to the hypercoagulability and DIC. In addition, excessive fibrinolysis has been recognized to play an important role. The advent of a new therapeutic approach with all‐trans‐retinoic acid has improved overall survival and has greatly shortened the hemorrhagic phase of the disease, but only to produce a new complication, the retinoic acid syndrome. Its pathogenesis and management still remain to be the challenge for the present. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Too Much Testing of the Wrong Kind; Too Little of the Right Kind in K-12 Education. A Policy Information Perspective.

PREFACE Any discussion in the United States of how well American students are educated, and how to " reform " education, comes — either quickly or eventually — to testing. The testing enterprise in K-12 education has mushroomed the last quarter-century; Americans want numbers when they look at students, schools, state education systems, and how America' s students compare to those of other countries. Among political leaders, testing is turning into a means of reform, rather than just a way of finding out whether reforms have been effective. I believe that there is much that is wrong in this system, that there are signs here and there of improvement, and that there are ways to make assessment much better in serving teaching and learning. We have more and more of these numbers, but they are too often not adding up to good information. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to a number of people for providing thorough, thoughtful, and often critical reviews: Robert Linn at the
Portfolio Performance in Relation to Herding Behavior in the Taiwan Stock Market

Herding behavior, which is investing in crowded stocks during a specific period, will push the target stocks' return down or up. Using both institutional and individual investors' intraday trading data to calculate the measure of daily herding, we find that a zero-cost investing strategy of buying long and high and selling short and high is profitable. The profits gained strategically through herding by individual investors are greater than those earned by institutional investors. This means institutional investors reflect the information quickly and, although they do behave as a herd, it is harder to exploit the herding of institutional investors to make strategically gained profits.
Long memory in stock returns: evidence from the major emerging Central European stock markets

This article analyses the long-memory properties of the daily stock market returns of four major emerging Central European countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. We use the semi-parametric method of Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983) and parametric method of Sowell (1992). The results indicate a significant long memory in the return series of the Slovak Republic. The evidence of long memory in Hungary and the Czech Republic is, however weak. Poland is the only market exhibiting short memory. Since long-memory property is inconsistent with the market efficiency, there is still room for the investors to receive unexploited profits in the stock market of the Slovak Republic.