Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct Fermi-Momentum-Dependent Energy Gaps in Deeply Underdoped Bi2212

We used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy applied to deeply underdoped cuprate superconductors Bi2Sr2Ca(1–x)YxCu2O8 (Bi2212) to reveal the presence of two distinct energy gaps exhibiting different doping dependence. One gap, associated with the antinodal region where no coherent peak is observed, increased with underdoping, a behavior known for more than a decade and considered as the general gap behavior in the underdoped regime. The other gap, associated with the near-nodal regime where a coherent peak in the spectrum can be observed, did not increase with less doping, a behavior not previously observed in the single particle spectra. We propose a two-gap scenario in momentum space that is consistent with other experiments and may contain important information on the mechanism of high–transition temperature superconductivity.
Involvement of the Snake Toxin Receptor CLEC-2, in Podoplanin-mediated Platelet Activation, by Cancer Cells*♦

Podoplanin (aggrus), a transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, is involved in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, tumor metastasis, and lymphatic vessel formation. However, the mechanism by which podoplanin induces these cellular processes including its receptor has not been elucidated to date. Podoplanin induced platelet aggregation with a long lag phase, which is dependent upon Src and phospholipase Cγ2 activation. However, it does not bind to glycoprotein VI. This mode of platelet activation was reminiscent of the snake toxin rhodocytin, the receptor of which has been identified by us as a novel platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) (Suzuki-Inoue, K., Fuller, G. L., Garcia, A., Eble, J. A., Pohlmann, S., Inoue, O., Gartner, T. K., Hughan, S. C., Pearce, A. C., Laing, G. D., Theakston, R. D., Schweighoffer, E., Zitzmann, N., Morita, T., Tybulewicz, V. L., Ozaki, Y., and Watson, S. P. (2006) Blood 107, 542–549). Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether CLEC-2 serves as a physiological counterpart for podoplanin. Association between CLEC-2 and podoplanin was confirmed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, their association was dependent on sialic acid on O-glycans of podoplanin. Recombinant CLEC-2 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by podoplanin-expressing tumor cells or lymphatic endothelial cells, suggesting that CLEC-2 is responsible for platelet aggregation induced by endogenously expressed podoplanin on the cell surfaces. These findings suggest that CLEC-2 is a physiological target protein of podoplanin and imply that it is involved in podoplanin-induced platelet aggregation, tumor metastasis, and other cellular responses related to podoplanin.
String Music Educators’ Perceptions of the Impact of New String Programs on Student Outcomes, School Music Programs, and Communities

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of newly initiated string programs on teachers, schools, districts, communities, and existing music program administration and students. Research questions pertained to (a) locations, student access, and instructional offerings; (b) educators; and (c) perceived impact on student outcomes. Data from 64 participants were analyzed. Results indicated that new string programs were largely developed at the middle and high school levels, located in suburban (59%), urban (23%), and rural (18%) areas, with instruction held during the regular school day. The majority (86%) of teachers were credentialed string specialists. While participants cited some frustrations, such as scheduling difficulties and lack of performance facilities, they identified several benefits from the new programs, including increased student participation in all music programs, more student collaborative opportunities, increased community and local music business support, and the more comprehensive nature of the music curriculum.
Effective Intentions: The Power of Conscious Will

1. Introduction 2. Conscious Intentions and Decisions 3. Neuroscience and Causes of Action 4. Neuroscience and Free Will 5. Intentional Actions and the Alleged Illusion of Conscious Will 6. Proximal Intentions and Awareness Reports 7. The Power of Conscious Will 8. Conclusion Index
Sex effect on insulin secretion and mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta cells of elderly Wistar rats

ABSTRACT Aims/hypothesis: Glucose tolerance progressively declines with age, and there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the elderly people. Previous studies have reported the sex differences in risk for type 2 diabetes, especially in the elderly people, whereas reasons for these sex differences remain poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of sex on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial function in pancreatic beta cells of Wistar rats. Methods: 3-month-old and 18-month-old Wistar rats of both sexes were used. Insulin secretion of islets was analyzed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet perifusion assays; ATP content and oxygen consumption rate of islets were determined to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Results: Insulin secretion of islets under high glucose conditions declined significantly with age in both sexes. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of elderly female groups was markedly higher than that of male groups under high glucose conditions. Importantly, islets from elderly female groups showed higher mitochondrial function compared with male counterparts, evidenced by higher ATP content and oxygen consumption rate under high glucose conditions. It was also noted that mitochondrial biogenesis of islets from elderly female rats was significant higher compared with male rats. There were notable increases in expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in islets from elderly female rats compared with male rats. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a sex dimorphism in the age-associated impairment of pancreatic beta cell function in elderly rats, while the potential mechanism may be related to the sexual differences in mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
Others in Mind

Foreword Introduction: main ideas 1. Self-conscious species 2. Six propositions 3. Variety of self-reflective mind states 4. Mind states in development 5. Birth of self-consciousness 6. Shame and self-knowledge 7. Roots of guilt 8. Giving and sharing 9. Origins of owning and sharing 10. Social construction of identity Conclusion: moral space and the self Post-script note.
Recognition of neglect and early response: overview of a systematic review of the literature

This paper summarizes the key findings from a systematic literature review that sought to identify existing evidence about the ways in which the needs of neglected children and their parents are signalled and the response to those needs. Using systematic review guidelines, 14 databases were searched for primary research studies published in English from 1995 to 2005. An initial 20 480 items were systematically filtered down to 63 papers for inclusion. The evidence suggests that, while there is little evidence about how needs for help are directly signalled, there is considerable evidence about how needs are indirectly signalled. There is evidence that professionals can identify signs of neglect, but are not always clear about the best response. There remain gaps in evidence about how best to respond to neglected needs, especially within schools.
Destination image and visit intention: examining the moderating role of motivation

Destination image for a specific destination and travel motivation provide important information for understanding tourist behaviors and behavioral intentions. This study examined the influences of cognitive and affective destination images on tourist visit intention. It also attempted to identify the moderating role of tourist motivation within the image and intention context, investigating whether the extent of the image effects on visit intention varies depending on the level of tourist motivation. To achieve the objectives, this study used hierarchical regressions. The results confirmed that both cognitive and affective destination images have significant influence on tourist visit intention. The findings also indicated that tourist motivation plays as a partial moderator only on the relationship between affective image (arousing) and visit intention, whereas motivation has no moderating role in the relationship between cognitive image and visit intention.
In Vitro Methods for Estimating Unbound Drug Concentrations in the Brain Interstitial and Intracellular Fluids

Concentrations of unbound drug in the interstitial fluid of the brain are not rapidly measured in vivo. Therefore, measurement of total drug levels, i.e., the amount of drug per gram of brain, has been a common but unheplful practice in drug discovery programs relating to central drug effects. This study was designed to evaluate in vitro techniques for faster estimation of unbound drug concentrations. The parameter that relates the total drug level and the unbound interstitial fluid concentration is the unbound volume of distribution in the brain (Vu,brain). It was measured in vitro for 15 drugs using brain slice uptake and brain homogenate binding methods. The results were validated in vivo by comparison with Vu,brain microdialysis results. The slice method results were within a 3-fold range of the in vivo results for all but one compound, suggesting that this method could be used in combination with total drug levels to estimate unbound interstitial fluid concentrations within reasonable limits. Although successful in 10 of 15 cases, the brain homogenate binding method failed to estimate the Vu,brain of drugs that reside predominantly in the interstitial space or compounds that are accumulated intracellularly. Use of the simple methods described in this article will 1) allow quantification of active transport at the blood-brain barrier in vivo, 2) facilitate the establishment of a relationship between in vitro potency and in vivo activity for compounds acting on central nervous system targets, and 3) provide information on intracellular concentrations of unbound drug.
TOWARDS AN OPEN, TRUSTWORTHY AND MULTILINGUAL SEARCH ENGINE FOR MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS: NEWS FROM THE EUROPEAN KHRESMOI PROJECT

practitioners often have unmet information needs that impact patient care. However, cur- rently available web-based search engines are not suitable for routine use. Finding relevant infor- mation takes too long, assessing the trustworthiness of found information is difficult, and support for the heterogeneity of languages and nomenclature across European countries is lacking. In this paper, we analyze the current barriers to web-based searching by medical practitioners and intro- duce the European Khresmoi project, which aims to dismantle these barriers.
The Bottom Dollar Effect: The Influence of Spending to Zero on Pain of Payment and Satisfaction

Spending that exhausts a budget is shown to decrease satisfaction with purchased products relative to spending when resources remain in the budget. Six studies, including those in which participants earn and spend real resources and evaluate real products, explore this bottom dollar effect. This research contributes to prior mental accounting research regarding how costs influence decision making (e.g., bundling, coupling, sunk costs) and to the satisfaction literature. Supporting the role of pain of payment in this process, we show that the bottom dollar effect increases as effort required to earn budgetary resources increases, decreases in the presence of windfall gains, and decreases when there is less time between budget exhaustion and replenishment. Mediation analyses further demonstrate the role of payment pain in the bottom dollar effect. Implications are discussed in the context of behavioral research, marketing promotions management, and public policy.
EL AJUSTE DE LOS ESTUDIANTES CON MÚLTIPLES METAS A VARIABLES SIGNIFICATIVAS DEL CONTEXTO ACADÉMICO

Students' adjustment with multiple goals to significant variables of academic context. Most studies about academic goals have been centred upon two predominant goals: learning goals and performance goals (Dweck, 1986). Each of these goals have been defined as cleary differenced and literature suggested that these were mutually exclusive goals. In this work, using cluster analysis, we have investiged the stability of goals for each student. The findings suggest that a considerable group of students doesn't pursue an only goal. Due to previous research about multiple goals had suggested that this motivational orientation had advantages in regard to ability of being adapted to classroom context, we also analyse how each group of students exhibits different behaviors and cognitions in regard to contextual variables. In conclusion, it seems that these are a multiple goals orientation and students who pursue multiple goals reported greater ability to be adapted to classroom context than another student.
Clinical Implications of Antiviral Resistance in Influenza

Influenza is a major cause of severe respiratory infections leading to excessive hospitalizations and deaths globally; annual epidemics, pandemics, and sporadic/endemic avian virus infections occur as a result of rapid, continuous evolution of influenza viruses. Emergence of antiviral resistance is of great clinical and public health concern. Currently available antiviral treatments include four neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir), M2-inibitors (amantadine, rimantadine), and a polymerase inhibitor (favipiravir). In this review, we focus on resistance issues related to the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). Data on primary resistance, as well as secondary resistance related to NAI exposure will be presented. Their clinical implications, detection, and novel therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials are discussed.
Random sample community-based health surveys: does the effort to reach participants matter?

Objectives Conducting health surveys with community-based random samples are essential to capture an otherwise unreachable population, but these surveys can be biased if the effort to reach participants is insufficient. This study determines the desirable amount of effort to minimise such bias. Design A household-based health survey with random sampling and face-to-face interviews. Up to 11 visits, organised by canvassing rounds, were made to obtain an interview. Setting Single-family homes in an underserved and understudied population in North Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. Participants Of a probabilistic sample of 2200 household addresses, 30 corresponded to empty lots, 74 were abandoned houses, 625 households declined to participate and 265 could not be reached and interviewed within 11 attempts. Analyses were performed on the 1206 remaining households. Primary outcome Each household was asked if any of their members had been told by a doctor that they had high blood pressure, heart disease including heart attack, cancer, diabetes, anxiety/ depression, obesity or asthma. Responses to these questions were analysed by the number of visit attempts needed to obtain the interview. Results Return per visit fell below 10% after four attempts, below 5% after six attempts and below 2% after eight attempts. As the effort increased, household size decreased, while household income and the percentage of interviewees active and employed increased; proportion of the seven health conditions decreased, four of which did so significantly: heart disease 20.4–9.2%, high blood pressure 63.5–58.1%, anxiety/depression 24.4–9.2% and obesity 21.8–12.6%. Beyond the fifth attempt, however, cumulative percentages varied by less than 1% and precision varied by less than 0.1%. Conclusions In spite of the early and steep drop, sustaining at least five attempts to reach participants is necessary to reduce selection bias.
Government Formation and Endogenous Parties

I provide a formal theory of government for a political system characterized by a proportional representation electoral system, a parliamentary government that exercises collective responsibility, and a government formation process. Political parties are assumed to be policy-oriented and to serve the interests of those who vote for them. Parties choose policy platforms that determine their representation in parliament; and given that representation, the parties bargain over the government to be formed and the policies that government will implement. The model yields equilibria with the property that parties choose dispersed policy positions. Thus, electoral incentives in proportional representation parliamentary systems need not lead to policy convergence. The theory provides predictions of party locations such as those developed in the manifesto project.
Prices and Supply Disruptions During Natural Disasters

We study the daily behavior of supermarket prices and product availability following two recent natural disasters: the 2010 earthquake in Chile and the 2011 earthquake in Japan. In both cases there was an immediate and persistent effect on product availability. The number of goods available for sale fell 32 percent in Chile and 17 percent in Japan from the day of the disaster to its lowest point, which occurred 61 and 18 days after the earthquakes, respectively. Product availability recovered slowly, and a significant share of goods remained out of stock after six months. By contrast, prices were relatively stable and did not increase for months after the earthquakes, even for goods that were experiencing severe stockouts. These trends are present at all levels of aggregation, but appear strongly in non-perishable goods and emergency products. Our findings shed light into the determinants of sticky prices in conditions where traditional adjustment costs are less important. In particular, we look at the frequency and magnitudes of price changes in both countries and find that the results in Chile are consistent with pricing models where retailers have fear of “customer anger”. In Japan, by contrast, the evidence suggests a bigger role for supply disruptions that restricted the ability of retailers to re-stock goods after the earthquake.
Study Skills, Learning Processes and Academic Achievement

Correlations between scores on the Deep Processing Scale of the Inventory of Learning Processes, the CAI Study Skills Test scales and academic achievement as GPA were assessed. Also, differences between deep and shallow processors on study skills were examined for 132 undergraduates from psychology classes. Knowledge of certain study skills is related to a student's facility in deep processing, while knowledge of other study-skills strategies is largely unrelated to deep or shallow processing styles of learning. Deep and shallow processors did not differ significantly on study skills, although mean scores for deep processors were consistently higher.
The potential role of mindfulness in protecting against sexual insecurities

Previous research has identified the detrimental effects of sexual insecurities on various sexual outcomes. However, few studies have investigated factors that may protect against the development and maintenance of these insecurities. Mindfulness has shown promise in promoting sexual well-being in several recent investigations, and may play a role in protecting against sexual insecurities and enhancing sexual satisfaction. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to determine whether mindfulness was related to reduced sexual insecurities and whether mindfulness mediated the relationship between sexual insecurities and sexual satisfaction. An online survey measuring sexual insecurities, sexual satisfaction and mindfulness was administered to female (n = 687) and male (n = 334) undergraduate students. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of mindfulness were associated with fewer sexual insecurities and greater sexual satisfaction in men and women. A series of bootstrap multiple mediation analyses indicated that mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between sexual insecurities and several aspects of sexual satisfaction. These research findings suggest that mindfulness may promote sexual satisfaction and mitigate sexual insecurities in men and women. Investigating the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in the reduction of sexual insecurities represents a promising area of future research.
Disease Type- and Status-Specific Alteration of CSF Metabolome Coordinated with Clinical Parameters in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of CNS

Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) are a group of disorders with different aetiologies, characterized by inflammatory lesions. These disorders include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM). Differential diagnosis of the CNS IDDs still remains challenging due to frequent overlap of clinical and radiological manifestation, leading to increased demands for new biomarker discovery. Since cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites may reflect the status of CNS tissues and provide an interfacial linkage between blood and CNS tissues, we explored multi-component biomarker for different IDDs from CSF samples using gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling coupled to multiplex bioinformatics approach. We successfully constructed the single model with multiple metabolite variables in coordinated regression with clinical characteristics, expanded disability status scale, oligoclonal bands, and protein levels. The multi-composite biomarker simultaneously discriminated four different immune statuses (a total of 145 samples; 54 MS, 49 NMOSD, 30 ITM, and 12 normal controls). Furthermore, systematic characterization of transitional metabolic modulation identified relapse-associated metabolites and proposed insights into the disease network underlying type-specific metabolic dysfunctionality. The comparative analysis revealed the lipids, 1-monopalmitin and 1-monostearin were common indicative for MS, NMOSD, and ITM whereas fatty acids were specific for the relapse identified in all types of IDDs.
School Reform through a School/University Partnership.

This is a study of a reform effort to improve mathematics achievement in an elementary school through a partnership with a university. The partnership involved collaborating with university faculty to provide and plan research based professional development. The purposes of the study were to determine if the instructional practices of the teachers changed, if the delivery of staff development changed, and if student achievement improved over a six year period. The research methods used to answer these questions were both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative methods utilized were: interviews, pre and post classroom observations, and observations of grade level meetings. The quantitative components were the pre and post administration of the “Missouri Teacher Survey of Classroom Practices: Mathematics” and the analysis of test scores on the statewide assessment from 1999-2004. The results indicated some change in instructional practices, significant increases in staff development and collaboration, and increased student achievement in mathematics.