Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor reduces angiogenesis and modulates immune cell infiltration of orthotopic breast cancer xenografts

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a primary stimulant of angiogenesis and is a macrophage chemotactic protein. Inhibition of VEGF is beneficial in combination with chemotherapy for some breast cancer patients. However, the mechanism by which inhibition of VEGF affects tumor growth seems to involve more than its effect on endothelial cells. In general, increased immune cell infiltration into breast tumors confers a worse prognosis. We have shown previously that 2C3, a mouse monoclonal antibody that prevents VEGF from binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), decreases tumor growth, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration into pancreatic tumors and therefore hypothesized that r84, a fully human IgG that phenocopies 2C3, would similarly affect breast tumor growth and immune cell infiltration. In this study, we show that anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab, 2C3, or r84 inhibits the growth of established orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, reduces tumor microvessel density, limits the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages, but is associated with elevated numbers of tumor-associated neutrophils. In addition, we found that treatment with r84 reduced the number of CD11b+Gr1+ double-positive cells in the tumor compared with tumors from control-treated animals. These results show that selective inhibition of VEGFR2 with an anti-VEGF antibody is sufficient for effective blockade of the protumorigenic activity of VEGF in breast cancer xenografts. These findings further define the complex molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment and provide a translational tool that may be relevant to the treatment of breast cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(7):1761–71]
Queue-Aware Energy-Efficient Joint Remote Radio Head Activation and Beamforming in Cloud Radio Access Networks

In this paper, we study the stochastic optimization of cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) by joint remote radio head (RRH) activation and beamforming in the downlink. Unlike most previous works that only consider a static optimization framework with full traffic buffers, we formulate a dynamic optimization problem by explicitly considering the effects of random traffic arrivals and time-varying channel fading. The stochastic formulation can quantify the tradeoff between power consumption and queuing delay. Leveraging on the Lyapunov optimization technique, the stochastic optimization problem can be transformed into a per-slot penalized weighted sum rate maximization problem, which is shown to be nondeterministic polynomial-time hard. Based on the equivalence between the penalized weighted sum rate maximization problem and the penalized weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) problem, the group sparse beamforming optimization-based WMMSE algorithm and the relaxed integer programming-based WMMSE algorithm are proposed to efficiently obtain the joint RRH activation and beamforming policy. Both algorithms can converge to a stationary solution with low-complexity and can be implemented in a parallel manner, thus they are highly scalable to large-scale C-RANs. In addition, these two proposed algorithms provide a flexible and efficient means to adjust the power-delay tradeoff on demand.
Asymptotic behavior of random determinants in the Laguerre, Gram and Jacobi ensembles

We consider properties of determinants of some random symmetric ma- trices issued from multivariate statistics: Wishart/Laguerre ensemble (sample co- variance matrices), Uniform Gram ensemble (sample correlation matrices) and Ja- cobi ensemble (MANOVA). If n is the size of the sample, r n the number of variates and Xn;r such a matrix, a generalization of the Bartlett-type theorems gives a decomposition of detXn;r into a product of r independent Gamma or Beta random variables. For n xed, we study the evolution as r grows, and then take the limit of large r and n with r=n = t 1. We derive limit theorems for the sequence of processes with independent increments fn 1 log detXn;bntc;t 2 (0;T )gn for T 1: convergence in probability, invariance principle, large deviations. Since the logarithm of the determinant is a linear statistic of the empirical spectral dis- tribution, we connect the results for marginals (xed t) with those obtained by the spectral method. Actually, all the results hold true for Coulomb gases or -models, if we dene the determinant as the product of charges. The classical matrix models (real, complex, and quaternionic) correspond to the particular values = 1; 2; 4 of the Dyson parameter.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CONTEMPORARY METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS UROGENITAL INFECTIONS

The subject of this study were 486 outpatients between the ages of 17 and 62, diagnosed with urethritis, epidydimitis, prostatitis, cervicitis, endocervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility. The following tests were used to make the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis: Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA amplification for Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma Genitalium and Ureaplasma Urealyiticum. Comparison PCR and EIA showed statistically significant difference between the positive results obtained by the two methods (p 0,1). EIA is a method that gives a higher percentage of nonspecific positive reactions, while the results obtained from ELFA are much closer to the ones obtained by PCR. According to contemporary evidence based medicine, the developmet of unified standard methods for diagnosis and evaluation is of vital importance, not only for the patient and the treating physician but also concerns for the healthcare system, the general public and the pharmaceutical companies as well.
Nocturnal Wakefulness as a Previously Unrecognized Risk Factor for Suicide.

OBJECTIVE Suicide is a major public health problem and the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. The identification of modifiable risk factors is essential for reducing the prevalence of suicide. Recently, it has been shown that insomnia and nightmares significantly increase the risk for suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and death by suicide. While both forms of sleep disturbance may independently confer risk, and potentially be modifiable risk factors, it is also possible that simply being awake at night represents a specific vulnerability for suicide. The present analysis evaluates the frequency of completed suicide per hour while taking into account the percentage of individuals awake at each hour. METHODS Archival analyses were conducted estimating the time of fatal injury using the National Violent Death Reporting System for 2003-2010 and the proportion of the American population awake per hour across the 24-hour day using the American Time Use Survey. RESULTS The mean ± SD incident rate from 06:00-23:59 was 2.2% ± 0.7%, while the mean ± SD incident rate from 00:00-05:59 was 10.3% ± 4.9%. The maximum incident rate was from 02:00-02:59 (16.3%). Hour-by-hour observed values differed from those that would be expected by chance (P < .001), and when 6-hour blocks were examined, the observed frequency at night was 3.6 times higher than would be expected by chance (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Being awake at night confers greater risk for suicide than being awake at other times of the day, suggesting that disturbances of sleep or circadian neurobiology may potentiate suicide risk.
Complementary Roles of Cholecystokinin- and Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Hippocampal Network Oscillations

In the hippocampal CA1 area, a relatively homogenous population of pyramidal cells is accompanied by a diversity of GABAergic interneurons. Previously, we found that parvalbumin-expressing basket, axo-axonic, bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare cells, innervating different domains of pyramidal cells, have distinct firing patterns during network oscillations in vivo. A second family of interneurons, expressing cholecystokinin but not parvalbumin, is known to target the same domains of pyramidal cells as do the parvalbumin cells. To test the temporal activity of these independent and parallel GABAergic inputs, we recorded the precise spike timing of identified cholecystokinin interneurons during hippocampal network oscillations in anesthetized rats and determined their molecular expression profiles and synaptic targets. The cells were cannabinoid receptor type 1 immunopositive. Contrary to the stereotyped firing of parvalbumin interneurons, cholecystokinin-expressing basket and dendrite-innervating cells discharge, on average, with 1.7 ± 2.0 Hz during high-frequency ripple oscillations in an episode-dependent manner. During theta oscillations, cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons fire with 8.8 ± 3.3 Hz at a characteristic time on the ascending phase of theta waves (155 ± 81°), when place cells start firing in freely moving animals. The firing patterns of some interneurons recorded in drug-free behaving rats were similar to cholecystokinin cells in anesthetized animals. Our results demonstrate that cholecystokinin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons make different contributions to network oscillations and play distinct roles in different brain states. We suggest that the specific spike timing of cholecystokinin interneurons and their sensitivity to endocannabinoids might contribute to differentiate subgroups of pyramidal cells forming neuronal assemblies, whereas parvalbumin interneurons contribute to synchronizing the entire network.
Draft Genome Sequences of Legionella pneumophila JR32 and Lp01 Laboratory Strains Domesticated in Japan

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequences of two Legionella pneumophila variant strains (JR32 and Lp01_666) originally derived from a Philadelphia-1 clinical isolate, domesticated in Japan, with distinct susceptibility to amoebae. Detailed genomic analysis will allow us to better understand Legionella adaptation and survival mechanisms in host cells.
Molecular genetic analysis of patients with sporadic and X-linked infantile nystagmus

Objectives Infantile nystagmus (IN) is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterised by involuntary rhythmic oscillations of the eyes accompanied by different degrees of vision impairment. Two genes have been identified as mainly causing IN: FRMD7 and GPR143. The aim of our study was to identify the genetic basis of both sporadic IN and X-linked IN. Design Prospective analysis. Patients Twenty Chinese patients, including 15 sporadic IN cases and 5 from X-linked IN families, were recruited and underwent molecular genetic analysis. We first performed PCR-based DNA sequencing of the entire coding region and the splice junctions of the FRMD7 and GPR143 genes in participants. Mutational analysis and co-segregation confirmation were then performed. Setting All clinical examinations and genetic experiments were performed in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Results Two mutations in the FRMD7 gene, including one novel nonsense mutation (c.1090C>T, p.Q364X) and one reported missense mutation (c.781C>G, p.R261G), were identified in two of the five (40%) X-linked IN families. However, none of putative mutations were identified in FRMD7 or GPR143 in any of the sporadic cases. Conclusions The results suggest that mutations in FRMD7 appeared to be the major genetic cause of X-linked IN, but not of sporadic IN. Our findings provide further insights into FRMD7 mutations, which could be helpful for future genetic diagnosis and genetic counselling of Chinese patients with nystagmus.
Reproducibility of the hemodynamic response to auditory oddball stimuli: A six‐week test–retest study

Determining the reliability and reproducibility of the hemodynamic response is important for the interpretation and understanding of the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. We describe a whole brain fMRI study designed to examine the reproducibility of the event‐related hemodynamic response elicited by low‐probability task‐relevant target stimuli and low‐probability task‐irrelevant novel stimuli assessed 6 weeks apart. Reliable activation was observed during test and retest for processing of target stimuli in multiple frontal, temporal, parietal, cerebellar, and subcortical sites. Novel stimuli elicited reliable activation during test and retest in lateral frontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and lateral temporal cortex, though there was evidence of habituation at some cortical sites. The patterns of activation associated with target detection and novelty processing are consistent with the intracranial distribution of the neural sources generated during similar tasks and replicate the results of previous event‐related fMRI studies. The observed pattern of results supports the hypothesis that the hemodynamic response to target and novel stimuli is highly reproducible over the 6‐week test–retest period. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:42–52, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase PI3K-C2α Is Concentrated in the Trans-Golgi Network and Present in Clathrin-coated Vesicles*

In recent years, a large family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isozymes has been characterized and cloned. Several of these PI3K enzymes have overlapping tissue distributions and it remains unclear if and how their 3-phosphoinositide products elicit differential, intracellular effects. One possibility is that the PI3K enzymes display a restricted distribution within the cell to produce their 3-phospholipid products in specific, subcellular compartments. In the present study we characterize the subcellular distribution of the novel class II PI3K isozyme PI3K-C2α in several mammalian cell types. Differential centrifugation of COS-1 and U937 cells together with Western blot analysis demonstrated that PI3K-C2α is constitutively associated with phospholipid membranes. Centrifugation of rat brain homogenates and Western blotting revealed that in contrast to the class IA PI3K enzymes, PI3K-C2α could be co-purified with a population of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Furthermore, a PI3K activity refractory to wortmannin treatment was detected in CCV preparations consistent with the presence of the PI3K-C2α isozyme. These biochemical observations were supported by immunofluorescence analysis that revealed PI3K-C2α to have a punctate distribution and an enrichment of immunoreactivity within a perinuclear site consistent with its presence in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Dual label immunofluorescence demonstrated that in this region, the distribution of PI3K-C2α closely paralleled that of γ-adaptin, a component of the AP-1 adaptor that is present in the trans-Golgi and the trans-Golgi network (TGN) resident protein TGN-46. Neither the phospholipid association nor the subcellular localization of PI3K-C2α was dependent upon either its COOH-terminal PX or C2 domains. Mutants lacking these domains demonstrated a similar distribution to the wild type enzyme when expressed as recombinant proteins. Treatment of cells with brefeldin A disrupted the perinuclear staining pattern of both PI3K-C2α and the AP-1 complex demonstrating that the localization of both molecules at the TGN is dependent upon ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activity.
Quenched large deviations for random walk in a random environment

We take the point of view of a particle performing random walk with bounded jumps on ℤd in a stationary and ergodic random environment. We prove the quenched large‐deviation principle (LDP) for the pair empirical measure of the so‐called environment Markov chain. By an appropriate contraction, we deduce the quenched LDP for the mean velocity of the particle and obtain a variational formula for the corresponding rate function. We propose an ansatz for the minimizer of this formula. When d = 1, we verify this ansatz and generalize the nearest‐neighbor result of Comets, Gantert, and Zeitouni to walks with bounded jumps. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is pathologically similar to pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma: suggestions of similar background and development

Routine experiences suggest that cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) show different clinicopathological behaviors along the biliary tree, and hilar CCA apparently resembles pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Herein, the backgrounds for these similarities were reviewed. While all cases of PDAC, hilar CCA, intrahepatic CCA (ICCA) and CCA components of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHC‐CCA) were adenocarcinomas, micropapillary patterns and columnar carcinoma cells were common in PDAC and hilar CCA, and trabecular components and cuboidal carcinoma cells were common in ICCA and CCA components of cHC‐CCA. Anterior gradient protein‐2 and S100P were frequently expressed in perihilar CCA and PDAC, while neural cell adhesion molecule and luminal epithelial membrane antigen were common in CCA components of c‐HC‐CCA. Pdx1 and Hes1 were frequently and markedly expressed aberrantly in PDAC and perihilar CCA, although their expression was rare and mild in CCA components in cHC‐CCA and ICCA. Hilar CCA showed a similar postoperative prognosis to PDAC but differed from ICCA and cHC‐CCA. Taken together, hilar CCA may differ from ICCA and CCA components of cHC‐CCA but have a similar development to PDAC. These similarities may be explained by the unique anatomical, embryological and reactive nature of the pancreatobiliary tract. Further studies of these intractable malignancies are warranted.
Sources of Confusion in the Determination of ASTM Repetitive Member Factors for the Allowable Properties of Wood Products

Confusion in the literature about the definition and calculation of repetitive member factors is identified. This confusion casts some doubt on the validity of the 1.15 repetitive member factor permitted in ASTM standards D245 and D1990. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST . 1943-541X.0000413. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Versus Surgical Ablation Treatment (FAST): A 2-Center Randomized Clinical Trial

Background— Catheter ablation (CA) and minimally invasive surgical ablation (SA) have become accepted therapy for antiarrhythmic drug–refractory atrial fibrillation. This study describes the first randomized clinical trial comparing their efficacy and safety during a 12-month follow-up. Methods and Results— One hundred twenty-four patients with antiarrhythmic drug–refractory atrial fibrillation with left atrial dilatation and hypertension (42 patients, 33%) or failed prior CA (82 patients, 67%) were randomized to CA (63 patients) or SA (61 patients). CA consisted of linear antral pulmonary vein isolation and optional additional lines. SA consisted of bipolar radiofrequency isolation of the bilateral pulmonary vein, ganglionated plexi ablation, and left atrial appendage excision with optional additional lines. Follow-up at 6 and 12 months was performed by ECG and 7-day Holter recording. The primary end point, freedom from left atrial arrhythmia >30 seconds without antiarrhythmic drugs after 12 months, was 36.5% for CA and 65.6% for SA (P=0.0022). There was no difference in effect for subgroups, which was consistent at both sites. The primary safety end point of significant adverse events during the 12-month follow-up was significantly higher for SA than for CA (n=21 [34.4%] versus n=10 [15.9%]; P=0.027), driven mainly by procedural complications such as pneumothorax, major bleeding, and the need for pacemaker. In the CA group, 1 patient died at 1 month of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusion— In atrial fibrillation patients with dilated left atrium and hypertension or failed prior atrial fibrillation CA, SA is superior to CA in achieving freedom from left atrial arrhythmias after 12 months of follow-up, although the procedural adverse event rate is significantly higher for SA than for CA. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00662701.
Size-Selective Predation on Groundwater Bacteria by Nanoflagellates in an Organic-Contaminated Aquifer

ABSTRACT Time series incubations were conducted to provide estimates for the size selectivities and rates of protistan grazing that may be occurring in a sandy, contaminated aquifer. The experiments involved four size classes of fluorescently labeled groundwater bacteria (FLB) and 2- to 3-μm-long nanoflagellates, primarily Spumella guttula(Ehrenberg) Kent, that were isolated from contaminated aquifer sediments (Cape Cod, Mass.). The greatest uptake and clearance rates (0.77 bacteria · flagellate−1 · h−1 and 1.4 nl · flagellate−1 · h−1, respectively) were observed for 0.8- to 1.5-μm-long FLB (0.21-μm3 average cell volume), which represent the fastest growing bacteria within the pore fluids of the contaminated aquifer sediments. The 19:1 to 67:1 volume ratios of nanoflagellate predators to preferred bacterial prey were in the lower end of the range commonly reported for other aquatic habitats. The grazing data suggest that the aquifer nanoflagellates can consume as much as 12 to 74% of the unattached bacterial community in 1 day and are likely to have a substantive effect upon bacterial degradation of organic groundwater contaminants.
Family Firm Governance, Strategic Conformity, and Performance: Institutional vs. Strategic Perspectives

A fundamental schism divides the family firm and strategy literatures, on the one hand, and the institutional literature, on the other, regarding both the situational prevalence and the utility of conforming behavior. The first two schools, respectively, view strategic differentiation as especially common among family firms and an important source of competitive advantage. By contrast, the reasoning of institutionalists would suggest that family firms will be subject to unusually powerful motivations to conform, in part because of their pursuit of socioemotional wealth objectives. Unfortunately, the relationships between conformity and family firm governance—and, in fact, governance in general—have not been amply studied. This analysis of Fortune 1000 firms finds considerable support for the institutional perspective: family involvement is related to greater, not lesser, conformity in many aspects of strategy. Although strategic conformity related to superior returns on assets, it did not enhance firm market valuations.
The Effect of Some Biochemical Parameters in Brain Tissue of Rats Pine Oil Streptozotocin with Experimental Diabetes in Rats

The aim of this study pine oil Type-2 diabetes created the rats in the brain tissue of some biochemical parameters on the investigation of the effect of the purposes. To create diabetes in male rats,a 40mg/kg STZ (streptozotocin)intraperitoneal in jection was given. These rats (n=20) were div ided into two g roups. The diabetes control group was given a 1mg/kg dose of intraperitoneal injection DMSO (dimethyl sulfo xide) two days a week. The diabetes treatment group was given pine oil DMSO with a 1/1 dilutionratio and this mixtu re was given to the diabetes+pine oil group two days a week, and also 0.5 ml o f pure pine oil was added to 500 ml of water and given to the rats.This practice lasted for 8 weeks.Diabetes control group, compared to the diabetes+pine oil group of M DA (malondialdehyde) and total protein levels significantly decreased, the GSH (g lutathione) level significant level was found to increase.Diabetes group, compared to the diabetes+pine oil group applied to the pine oil in the brain t issue, fatty acid composition, cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol with vitamin K outside the lipophilic v itamin at the level of the resulting change to prevent were determined.Experimental d iabetes is created in rats' brain tissue, examined, the parameters obtained positive, according to the data of the pine oil diabetes during brain tissue occurring metabolic abnormalities correction would be useful to us suggests.