Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Constitutes Good Design? A Review of Empirical Studies of Design Processes*

The authors conducted a meta-analysis in which they sampled over 40 journal articles of empirical studies of the design process. The articles were selected from several journals that are indexed in PsychInfo. They were reviewed and indexed according to whether or not those articles mentioned and/or focused one or several of 15 common design process elements. These elements consist of a bootstrapped framework that the authors constructed from past experience in studying the design process and from validation from literature. The coding was conducted by an additional expert in design, and the results were shown to have reliability greater than 80%. The results show which elements of the design process have been studied most frequently, and of those studied, which were documented to contribute to an effective design outcome. Both the framework and the coding outcomes contribute to a stronger understanding of the overall design process that relies upon existing, more fine-grained empirical studies of design.
Are we turning them on? A longitudinal study of undergraduate accounting students' attitudes towards accounting as a profession

The undergraduate accounting world has not enjoyed a good press in recent times. Student numbers are falling and the accounting profession in the UK only recruits 4% of trainees with relevant accounting degrees. While some external factors are outside the control of the accounting academician, this study asks if the university experience of relevant graduates is providing them with a positive attitude towards the accounting profession. In other words, as academicians we should be ‘turning them on’ to their professional careers. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of undergraduate accounting students' attitude towards accounting as a profession. The study utilizes a validated attitude to accounting measure developed in the USA. The study finds that, at the commencement of their course, the students had a reasonably positive attitude towards accounting as a profession. However, their attitude towards accounting fell significantly by the end of their studies. Although a high attitude score was maintained with regard to the profession being well-respected, the students liked accounting less at the end of their course than they did at the start, finding the subject less interesting and the prospect of being employed as an accountant less enjoyable. Their attitude towards accountants obtaining personal satisfaction in their work also fell significantly. It is clear that for the undergraduates in this study, their exposure to accounting while at university has had a negative effect on their attitude towards accounting as a profession. In other words, ‘we were turning them off’.
Validating automated speaking tests

This paper presents evidence that supports the valid use of scores from fully automatic tests of spoken language ability to indicate a person’s effectiveness in spoken communication. The paper reviews the constructs, scoring, and the concurrent validity evidence of ‘facility-in-L2’ tests, a family of automated spoken language tests in Spanish, Dutch, Arabic, and English. The facility-in-L2 tests are designed to measure receptive and productive language ability as test-takers engage in a succession of tasks with meaningful language. Concurrent validity studies indicate that scores from the automated tests are strongly correlated with the scores from oral proficiency interviews. In separate studies with learners from each of the four languages the automated tests predict scores from the live interview tests as well as those tests predict themselves in a test-retest protocol (r = 0.77 to 0.92). Although it might be assumed that the interactive nature of the oral interview elicits performances that manifest a distinct construct, the closeness of the results suggests that the constructs underlying the two approaches to oral assessment have a stable relationship across languages.
Shade-match perception of porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations: a comparison between dentist and patient.

BACKGROUND Patient satisfaction with the shade match of restorations has not been appraised carefully in the dental literature. This study compared patients' and a prosthodontist's satisfaction with the shade o f existing porcelain-fused-to-metal, or PFM, restorations. METHODS The authors selected a convenience sample of 212 patients for this study. Patients and a prosthodontist were asked independently, under standardized conditions, to express their satisfaction with the shade match of the patient's restoration. Kendall's tau-b statistic was used to measure the strength of the association between the shade satisfaction rating of the patient and that of the prosthodontist. The authors also examined patient satisfaction with respect to sex, treatment location and clinician. RESULTS The prosthodontist was less satisfied than the patient with the shade match in a significant number of cases. The authors found no difference in patient satisfaction with respect to sex. They did find that patients were more satisfied with the shade match of restorations placed by a prosthodontist or placed under the supervision of a prosthodontist than they were with restorations placed by general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Patients were more satisfied with the shade match of their PFM restorations than was the prosthodontist. Patients also were more satisfied with restorations placed by a prosthodontist or placed under the supervision of a prosthodontist in a hospital or academic setting. Clinical Implications. Patient satisfaction with shade match is important when constructing or replacing a restoration, and the level of satisfaction might be different from that of the clinician. When selecting restoration shades, clinicians should take into consideration the opinions of their patients.
Psychological characteristics of women with androgenetic alopecia: a controlled study

Summary The psychological characteristics and the hair problems of 58 females with androgenetic alopecia were compared with a group of women with non‐apparent dermatological diseases, and with a group of men with androgenetic alopecia. The women with androgenetic alopecia had higher scores for self‐sufficiency and social inadequacy compared to women with non‐visible dermatological complaints, and they scored higher for inadequacy, rigidity and general psychological maladjustment than the men and had lower scores for injuredness self‐evaluation and self‐esteem. The women with androgenetic alopecia had more psychosocial problems, which they attributed to the hair loss, than the other groups.
Hemodynamic Changes Following Routine Fluid Resuscitation in Patients With Blunt Trauma

Background The management of trauma patients is often difficult. The American college of surgeons suggests using advanced trauma life support (ATLS) measures. ATLS is regarded as the gold standard for the resuscitation of cases with acute life threatening injuries. Objectives To assess the change in base excess (BE) values and central venous pressure (CVP) one and six hours after injection of 1000 cc normal saline in trauma patients admitted to the ICU. Patients and Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were randomly selected to participate in the project. Inclusion criteria included trauma patients admitted to the ICU with a CVP line and who had indication for hydration. In trauma patients, at the zero time period, BP, PR, RR and CVP were measured, and a blood gas test was used to assess Hb, pH, BE, PO2, HCO3 and PCO2. Then 1000 cc of normal saline was injected, and after one and six hours, the same values were re-evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.1 ± 3.9 (range 15 - 60). The mean duration of hospitalization was 7.4 ± 4.4 (range 1 - 21) days. The mean ISS for these patients was 14.33 ± 5.3. BE changes in both groups of patients, based on Hb primary division, showed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). The results showed that there was no significant relation between the measured ISS and the changes in base values (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions According to our results, the infusion of one liter normal saline will cause a statistically significant decrease only in BD, after one hour, in patients with moderate to severe ISS. The changes in SBP, PR, CVP and also pH, HCO3 and Hb were not statistically remarkable.
Interactive collaborative filtering

In this paper, we study collaborative filtering (CF) in an interactive setting, in which a recommender system continuously recommends items to individual users and receives interactive feedback. Whilst users enjoy sequential recommendations, the recommendation predictions are constantly refined using up-to-date feedback on the recommended items. Bringing the interactive mechanism back to the CF process is fundamental because the ultimate goal for a recommender system is about the discovery of interesting items for individual users and yet users' personal preferences and contexts evolve over time during the interactions with the system. This requires us not to distinguish between the stages of collecting information to construct the user profile and making recommendations, but to seamlessly integrate these stages together during the interactive process, with the goal of maximizing the overall recommendation accuracy throughout the interactions. This mechanism naturally addresses the cold-start problem as any user can immediately receive sequential recommendations without providing ratings beforehand. We formulate the interactive CF with the probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) framework, and leverage several exploitation-exploration algorithms to select items, including the empirical Thompson sampling and upper confidence bound based algorithms. We conduct our experiment on cold-start users as well as warm-start users with drifting taste. Results show that the proposed methods have significant improvements over several strong baselines for the MovieLens, EachMovie and Netflix datasets.
The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Tec Controls Assembly and Activity of the Noncanonical Caspase-8 Inflammasome

Tec family kinases are intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in numerous functions, including T cell and B cell regulation. However, a role in microbial pathogenesis has not been described. Here, we identified Tec kinase as a novel key mediator of the inflammatory immune response in macrophages invaded by the human fungal pathogen C. albicans. Tec is required for both activation and assembly of the noncanonical caspase-8, but not of the caspase-1 inflammasome, during infections with fungal but not bacterial pathogens, triggering the antifungal response through IL-1β. Furthermore, we identify dectin-1 as the pathogen recognition receptor being required for Syk-dependent Tec activation. Hence, Tec is a novel innate-specific inflammatory kinase, whose genetic ablation or inhibition by small molecule drugs strongly protects mice from fungal sepsis. These data demonstrate a therapeutic potential for Tec kinase inhibition to combat invasive microbial infections by attenuating the host inflammatory response.
The impact of infertility on emotions and the marital and sexual relationship

Abstract Forty-seven couples attending an infertility clinic were interviewed and completed forms assessing their emotional state and their marital and sexual functioning. Using retrospective assessments, more than half the women reported the experience of marital and sexual difficulties after the recognition of infertility. The frequency of both types of difficulties fell after onset of clinic attendance. Males showed smaller increases in the frequencies of these problems and predictably showed a more muted response to onset of evaluation and treatment. The results in general suggested that females may be more adversely affected by infertility than males. The presence or absence of diagnosis and its nature and timing if present, duration of infertility and investigations respectively, stage of treatment, and subjective measures such as level of hopefulness were included as potential predictor variables in the multiple regression analyses to predict levels of negative emotions and the current state of the.
Inclusão no trabalho: A vivência de pessoas com deficiência intelectual

Work is an important context of development for young people/adults with disabilities. This report presents the experience of people with intellectual disabilities about their inclusion at work. Four interviews were conducted with apprentices with the diagnosis of intellectual disability that had occupational experience in the trade sector. The results show that the failure to include these young people/adults was caused either by lack of professional preparation, personal and socio-emotional issues, as well as the difficulty of companies to receive people with disabilities. Stronger links between vocational institutions and companies are critical to the success of inclusion, among other factors. Keywords : inclusion in the work; intellectual disabilities; special education; professionalization.
Perceived Role of Multimedia Instructional Materials on Multicriteria Technology and Engineering Decisions

Studies have shown that it is difficult for people to deal with multicriteria decision-making situations. Information technology tools such as decision-support systems and expert systems have been developed in order to help them in such situations. Another tool that has been identified as helping managers understand complex engineering decision-making situations is multimedia instructional materials. This research investigates the perceptions of business versus engineering students on improvement of their higher-level cognitive skills when they participated in a multimedia-based case study that used an expert system to model a complex engineering and technical problem. Two groups of students, business and engineering, participated in an experiment, where they analyzed the case study and made their recommendations. Two questionnaires measured their perceptions on the improvements achieved on different constructs. A structural equations model was developed in order to test the research hypotheses with business students being the experimental group and the engineering students as a control group. The major findings are no significant relationship between student major and higher-order cognitive skills improvement, business students perceived more higher-order skills improvement compared to engineering students, both groups perceived an improvement in learning-driven factor, and business students valued learning-driven factors more compared to engineering students. These results show that multimedia instructional materials were perceived to be very useful in making multicriteria engineering and technical decisions.
Addicter: What Is Wrong with My Translations?

Addicter: What Is Wrong with My Translations? We introduce Addicter, a tool for Automatic Detection and DIsplay of Common Translation ERrors. The tool allows to automatically identify and label translation errors and browse the test and training corpus and word alignments; usage of additional linguistic tools is also supported. The error classification is inspired by that of Vilar et al. (2006), although some of their higher-level categories are beyond the reach of the current version of our system. In addition to the tool itself we present a comparison of the proposed method to manually classified translation errors and a thorough evaluation of the generated alignments.
Maximizing the Impact of Organization Science: Theory-Building at the Intersection of Disciplines And/Or Fields

The intersection of academic disciplines and fields provides an important forum for creative theory building. In this article, we identify three modes of theory building at the intersection and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. We position these three modes relative to one another using the ‘impact wheel’, which visually describes their influence on five domains: theory, field, discipline, researchers, and external stakeholders. Though impact on these domains varies across the three modes, maximum impact is created when theory building at the intersection uncovers new phenomena that revise the boundaries of existing disciplines and fields while giving birth to new ones. Such theorizing is infrequent and demands particular skills on the part of researchers to help organization science to realize more of its potential.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A TURKISH VERSION OF THE PASSIONATE LOVE SCALE

Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Passionate Love Scale (PLS). Participants in the study were 150 undergraduate students. We assessed the construct validity of the PLS using confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the reliability of the PLS we calculated the internal consistency coefficient and found that the Cronbach’s alpha was . 89. Our results indicated that the PLS was a valid and reliable measure of passionate love with a Turkish population.
Leading curriculum innovation in primary schools project: a final report

This article provides the final report on a research project that investigated the ways in which curriculum innovation can be led successfully in primary schools. Data gathering included 40 semi-structured interviews in 10 successful primary schools in England of varying sizes and types and in a range of geographical and social locations. Findings suggest that in order for curriculum innovation to be successful, school leaders need to create an ethos for change that empowers teachers to experiment with the curriculum through the adoption of distributed forms of leadership, and that in-school and between-school cooperation is a key mechanism for change.
BOUNDS FOR DIOPHANTINE QUINTUPLES

A set of m positive integers {a1, . , am} is called a Diophantine m-tuple if the product of any two elements in the set increased by one is a perfect square. The conjecture according to which there does not exist a Diophantine quintuple is still open. In this paper, we show that if {a, b, c, d, e} is a Diophantine quintuple with a < b < c < d < e, then b > 3 a; moreover, b > max{21 a, 2 a3/2} in case c > a+ b+ 2 √ ab+ 1.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Placental Membrane in Pregnancies Associated with Diabetes

La placenta es el registro mas preciso de la experiencia prenatal infantil. Si la placenta se examina minuciosamente despues del parto, esta proporciona una vision mas acabada de la salud prenatal de la madre y el bebe. El peso de la placenta es mayor en el embarazo con diabetes en comparacion con el embarazo normal. Para estudiar los cambios celulares que podrian contribuir a un mayor peso de la placenta en los embarazos diabeticos, se llevo a cabo un analisis a traves de microscopia optica y electronica. Fueron seleccionados 20 embarazos unicos complicados con diabetes mellitus gestacional (12 controlados por dieta, 8 controlado por insulina) y comparados con un grupo control. Las muestras de tejido fueron procesadas y analizadas. La placenta de los embarazos diabeticos no mostro ninguna anormalidad macroscopica, pero el examen por microscopia de luz revelo lesiones como nudos sinciciales, necrosis fibrinoide, edema velloso, fibrosis de las vellosidades y proliferacion capilar. La microscopia electronica de transmision (TEM) mostro cambios en casi todas las capas de la membrana sincitiotrofoblastica, es decir, la placenta, citotrofoblasto, membrana basal trofoblastica y capilares fetales. Estos cambios se observaron en la placenta de ambos grupos de pacientes donde el nivel de azucar en la sangre se controlo mediante dieta o insulina, pero en grado diferente. Esto indica que el control de la hiperglicemia solo impide parcialmente el desarrollo de anormalidades en la placenta, las cuales deben ser causadas por algun otro factor constituyente del estado diabetico.
Endogenous Myelin Basic Protein Is Presented in the Periphery by Both Dendritic Cells and Resting B Cells with Different Functional Consequences1

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease believed to be triggered by erroneous activation of self-reactive T cells specific for myelin proteins such as myelin basic protein (MBP). Inflammation is limited to the CNS, suggesting that the myelin-specific T cells encounter their Ags only after they cross the blood-brain barrier. However, our previous studies in mice showed that MBP epitopes are constitutively presented in lymphoid tissues. Here we identified which APCs in lymph nodes present endogenous MBP epitopes and determined the functional consequences of this presentation for both naive and activated MBP-specific T cells. Both CD8α+ and CD8α− dendritic cells were potent stimulators of proliferation for both naive and previously activated/memory MBP-specific T cells. Surprisingly, resting B cells also presented endogenous MBP that was acquired using a BCR-independent mechanism. Interaction with resting B cells triggered proliferation of both naive and activated MBP-specific T cells. Activated/memory MBP-specific T cells proliferating in response to resting B cells presenting endogenous MBP did not produce cytokines and became more refractory to subsequent stimulation. Interestingly, cytokine production by activated/memory T cells was triggered by resting B cells if the number of MBP epitopes presented was increased by adding exogenous MBP peptide. These results suggest that activated MBP-specific T cells may become less pathogenic in vivo following encounter with resting B cells presenting steady-state levels of endogenous MBP but can expand and remain pathogenic if the amount of MBP presented by B cells is increased, which could occur during chronic demyelinating disease.
Algal games: The vertical distribution of phytoplankton in poorly mixed water columns

Phytoplankton often face the dilemma of living in contrasting gradients of two essential resources: light that is supplied from above and nutrients that are often supplied from below. In poorly mixed water columns, algae can be heterogeneously distributed, with thin layers of biomass found on the surface, at depth, or on the sediment surface. Here, we show that these patterns can result from intraspecific competition for light and nutrients. First, we present numerical solutions of a reaction‐diffusion‐taxis model of phytoplankton, nutrients, and light. We argue that motile phytoplankton can form a thin layer under poorly mixed conditions. We then analyze a related game theoretical model that treats the depth of a thin layer of phytoplankton as the strategy. The evolutionarily stable strategy is the depth at which the phytoplankton are equally limited by both resources, as long as the layer is restricted to the water column. The layer becomes shallower with an increase in the nutrient supply and deeper with an increase in the light supply. For low nutrient levels, low background attenuation, and shallow water columns a benthic layer occurs; for intermediate nutrient levels in deep water columns, a deep chlorophyll maximum occurs; and for high nutrient levels, a surface scum occurs. These general patterns are in agreement with field observations. Thus, this model can explain many patterns of algal distribution found in poorly mixed aquatic ecosystems.