Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI)

Zusammenfassung. Das von Borkenau und Ostendorf (1993) ubersetzte NEO Funf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI) zur Erfassung funf robuster Personlichkeitsfaktoren nach Costa und McCrae (1989) hat sich in den letzten Jahren auch im deutschen Sprachraum etabliert. Im Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer teststatistischen Uberprufung anhand einer bundesweiten Bevolkerungsstichprobe vorgestellt (n = 1908) und mit den Angaben im Testhandbuch verglichen, die auf einer nichtreprasentativen Stichprobe basieren. Wahrend die Skalen akzeptable interne Konsistenzen erreichen, erscheint die faktoranalytische Stabilitat der Skalen problematisch. Weiterhin wird die Abhangigkeit der Skalenwerte von Alter, Geschlecht, Wohnsitz und Bildungsgrad untersucht. Die Interkorrelationen der NEO-FFI-Skalen werden berichtet. Mittels Faktorstrukturvergleichen nach dem Fischer-Roppert-Verfahren wird die Ahnlichkeit der anhand der Bevolkerungsstichprobe ermittelten Ladungsmatrix mit der im Testhandbuch beschriebenen Faktorstruktur auf Itemebene beu.
The Clinical Significance of Aurora-A/STK15/BTAK Expression in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Aurora-A/STK15/BTAK (Aurora-A) encodes a Serine/Threonine kinase associated with chromosomal distribution, and its up-regulation induces chromosomal instability thereby leading to aneuploidy and cell transformation in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of Aurora-A in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Experimental Design: The expression levels of Aurora-A mRNA were compared in 33 ESCC tissues with that in corresponding normal esophageal epithelium by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and the distribution patterns and expression levels of Aurora-A protein were immunohistochemically investigated in the ESCC tumors of 142 patients. The results were then separately compared with the clinicopathologic findings of the patients, and the expression of Aurora-A was examined in nine ESCC cell lines and a normal esophageal epithelial cell line using Western blot analysis. Results: The up-regulation of Aurora-A mRNA was found in 30% (10 of 33) of the tumors by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and protein up-regulation was found in 53% (75 of 142) of the patients by immunohistochemistry. mRNA and protein up-regulation of Aurora-A were correlated with distant lymph node metastasis (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04, respectively), and patients with Aurora-A mRNA or protein up-regulation had a poorer prognosis (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0009, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that up-regulation of the Aurora-A protein was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, Aurora-A expression in all ESCC cell lines was higher than that in a normal esophageal epithelial cell line. Conclusions: The up-regulation of Aurora-A expression may reflect the malignant behavior of ESCC and may prove useful information as a prognostic factor for ESCC patients.
Coxian distribution modeling for the generalized and unified teletraffic analysis of mobile cellular networks

In this paper, the Coxian distribution model to characterize users' mobility (through cell dwell time) is proposed and its application for the teletraffic analysis of mobile cellular networks is presented. To the best authors' knowledge, Coxian distribution has not been previously considered in the literature to characterize users' mobility in cellular networks. The Coxian distribution includes as particular cases several relevant previously proposed models in the literature (i.e., hyper-exponential, Erlang, hypo-exponential, and hyper-Erlang). We demonstrate that, when the cell dwell time has a Coxian distribution, the residual cell dwell time can be represented by a Coxian model. More important, it is shown that the Coxian distribution assumption for the cell dwell time naturally leads to a joint representation of the cell dwell time and residual cell dwell time distributions by a Coxian distribution of the, so called, global cell dwell time. Consequently, our teletraffic model is made computationally tractable by keeping track in a single state variable all the calls (new and handed off) in a phase (of any stage) with both the same mean permanence time and order within the stages. Thus, the analytical model proposed in this paper provides a simple, general, unified, and versatile framework for the teletraffic analysis of mobile cellular networks.
Using Leadered Groups in Organizational Behavior and Management Survey Courses

In organizational behavior and management survey courses, students are likely to maximize certain career-appropriate knowledge when their classroom groups are leadered rather than leaderless. Using leadered groups facilitates the learning of the professional and managerial skills associated with formal leadership while reducing some problematic learning that can occur in leaderless groups. This article presents a pedagogical design that meets the logistical and content challenges of giving every student the opportunity to lead a group during the class term, to observe other student leaders, to receive feedback on formal leadership skills, and, in addition, to reflect on groups and group process in general. The author argues that teachers and researchers should reexamine the frequent assumption that leaderless groups are the most effective experiential method for teaching the practice of management.
Postgwas: Advanced GWAS Interpretation in R

We present a comprehensive toolkit for post-processing, visualization and advanced analysis of GWAS results. In the spirit of comparable tools for gene-expression analysis, we attempt to unify and simplify several procedures that are essential for the interpretation of GWAS results. This includes the generation of advanced Manhattan and regional association plots including rare variant display as well as novel interaction network analysis tools for the investigation of systems-biology aspects. Our package supports virtually all model organisms and represents the first cohesive implementation of such tools for the popular language R. Previous software of that range is dispersed over a wide range of platforms and mostly not adaptable for custom work pipelines. We demonstrate the utility of this package by providing an example workflow on a publicly available dataset.
Chinese Medicine Granule Affects the Absorption and Transport of Glucose in Porcine Small Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles under Heat Stress

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine granule (CMG, including Cortex Phellodendron, Atractylodes Rhizome, Agastache Rugosa and Gypsum Fibrosum) on absorption and transport of glucose in porcine small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) under heat stress. Forty-eight 2-month-old Chinese experimental barrows were screened according to weight and litter origin, and then allotted to three groups and treated as follows: Normal temperature control group (NTCG; 23°C), high temperature control group (HTCG; 26°C for 19 h, 40°C for 5 h); Chinese medicine granule anti-stress group (CMGG; 26°C for 19 h, 40°C for 5 h) (n = 16 per group). The results showed that high temperature treatment decreased (p 0.05) in the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the small intestine of pigs compared with the NTCG. Dietary supplementation with CMG improved the growth performance, and increased the activity of disaccharidases in duodenum and jejunum of heat stressed pigs (p 0.05) them in the ileum compared with the HTCG. These results indicated that CMG treatment significantly improved porcine growth performance, and increased intestinal glucose absorption and transport by BBMVs under heat stress, in addition to up-regulating the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in porcine duodenum and jejunum.
Count of eigenvalues in the generalized eigenvalue problem

We study isolated and embedded eigenvalues in the generalized eigenvalue problem defined by two self-adjoint operators with a positive essential spectrum and a finite number of isolated eigenvalues. The generalized eigenvalue problem determines the spectral stability of nonlinear waves in infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The theory is based on Pontryagin’s invariant subspace theorem and extends beyond the scope of earlier papers of Pontryagin, Krein, Grillakis, and others. Our main results are (i) the number of unstable and potentially unstable eigenvalues equals the number of negative eigenvalues of the self-adjoint operators, (ii) the total number of isolated eigenvalues of the generalized eigenvalue problem is bounded from above by the total number of isolated eigenvalues of the self-adjoint operators, and (iii) the quadratic forms defined by the two self-adjoint operators are strictly positive on the subspace related to the continuous spectrum of the generalized eigenvalue problem. Applicatio.
Transgenic Expression of Human CD46 on Porcine Endothelium: Effect on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Cascades During Ex Vivo Human-to-Pig Limb Xenoperfusions

Background Dysregulation of the coagulation system due to inflammatory responses and cross-species molecular incompatibilities represents a major obstacle to successful xenotransplantation. We hypothesized that complement inhibition mediated by transgenic expression of human CD46 in pigs might also regulate the coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades and tested this in ex vivo human-to-pig xenoperfusions. Methods Forelimbs of wild-type and hCD46/HLA-E double transgenic pigs were ex vivo xenoperfused for 12 hours with whole heparinized human blood. Muscle biopsies were stained for galactose-&agr;1,3-galactose, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, complement, fibrin, tissue factor, fibrinogen-like protein 2, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. The PAI-1/tPA complexes, D-dimers, and prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 were measured in plasma samples after ex vivo xenoperfusion. Results No differences of galactose expression or deposition of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G were found in xenoperfused tissues of wild type and transgenic limbs. In contrast, significantly lower deposition of C5b-9 (P < 0.0001), fibrin (P = 0.009), and diminished expression of tissue factor (P = 0.005) and fibrinogen-like protein 2 (P = 0.028) were found in xenoperfused tissues of transgenic limbs. Levels of prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 (P = 0.031) and D-dimers (P = 0.044) were significantly lower in plasma samples obtained from transgenic as compared to wild-type pig limb perfusions. The expression of the fibrinolytic marker tPA was significantly higher (P = 0.009), whereas PAI-1 expression (P = 0.022) and PAI-1/tPA complexes in plasma (P = 0.015) were lower after transgenic xenoperfusion as compared to wild-type xenoperfusions. Conclusions In this human-to-pig xenoperfusion model, complement inhibition by transgenic hCD46 expression led to a significant inhibition of procoagulant and antifibrinolytic pathways.
Chlorpromazine used with an intensive occupational therapy program; a controlled study.

Introduction Chronic schizophrenia accounts for approximately two out of three long-stay mental hospital patients in Great Britain.4Interest in the therapeutic approach to this enormous problem has been stimulated by the development of the tranquilizing agents, particularly chlorpromazine; and there is now an extensive literature reporting the use of this drug in chronic schizophrenia. The consensus appears to be that chlorpromazine is a useful treatment for this group of patients, especially when aggressiveness, overactivity, or psychotic tension is a prominent symptom, though even with this most widely used tranquilizer there have been isolated controlled studies with completely negative results.7 At the same time, partly arising from the evidence of numerous drug trials, there has been a renewed awareness that chronic mental hospital patients benefit from environmental changes, especially where increased activity and enhanced social interaction between patients and staff result.1,6,9Robin11concluded that occupational therapy had
A permutation approach to validation *

We give a permutation approach to validation (estimation of out‐sample error). One typical use of validation is model selection. We establish the legitimacy of the proposed permutation complexity by proving a uniform bound on the out‐sample error, similar to a Vapnik‐Chervonenkis (VC)‐style bound. We extensively demonstrate this approach experimentally on synthetic data, standard data sets from the UCI‐repository, and a novel diffusion data set. The out‐of‐sample error estimates are comparable to cross validation (CV); yet, the method is more efficient and robust, being less susceptible to overfitting during model selection. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 361‐380 2010
Managerial skills: what has changed since the late 1980s

Purpose – This paper aims to show how changes in the workplace may have coincided with shifts in the importance of managerial skills over the past 15 years and to identify managerial skills needed at different levels and functions in today's work context.Design/methodology/approach – This study, using survey methodology, is within the context of field research using 7,389 managers from 1988‐1992 and 7,410 managers from 2004‐2006.Findings – Managerial skills important in the 1980s are relevant today. However, the importance of “relationships,” “administrative/organizational ability” and “time management” shifted over the last 15 years. This paper also identifies which managerial skills are important at different levels and across different functions of an organization in today's work environment.Research limitations/implications – Asking managers to choose which skills are important, rather than asking how important each skill is, may be a limitation. Future research should also consider the importance of .
A retrospective view of a study of middle school science curriculum materials: Implementation, scale‐up, and sustainability in a changing policy environment

This article provides an extended, comprehensive example of how teachers, schools, districts, and external factors (e.g., parental pressure and policy mandates) shape curriculum research in the U.S. It retrospectively examines how three different middle school curriculum units were implemented and scaled-up in a large, diverse school system. The curriculum materials were cognitively based, hands-on, guided inquiry units; each focused on a different “big idea” in science. The units met some criteria for instructional strategies rated by the Project 2061 Curriculum Analysis. Using evidence-based decisions, two of the units were found to be effective and equitable, and went to scale, but one was not effective. However, the course of scale-up was also affected by a changing policy climate, and proceeded in unpredictable ways, with small scale effects not found at large scale, and experienced teachers less effective than inexperienced teachers. Four years after funding ended, none of the units were sustained within the school district. The interactions between the demands of the units and of the school district's policy environment suggests reasons why this occurred, despite evidence that two of the units were successful with diverse learners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 305–332, 2012
Statistical issues in longitudinal research on respiratory health.

Longitudinal studies of the growth and decline of pulmonary function and of the determinants of rate of change of pulmonary function have challenged statisticians and epidemiologists for years. These studies present special problems of design, implementation, and statistical analysis that have stimulated research on statistical methodology, but that have also delayed the process of scientific discovery. We hope through publication of the proceedings of this meeting on methods for longitudinal research in respiratory epidemiology to accelerate the acquisition and dissemination of the methods needed to conduct and analyze such studies successfully. Longitudinal studies can be defined narrowly as studies in which the outcome variable is measured repeatedly over time. The analytical methods appropriate for longitudinal studies can depend on whether (I) the outcome variable is measured or categorical; (2) the study focuses on acute or long-term change in health status; and (3) the analysis focuses on the pattern of the repeated measurements or the time to an event. Most combinations of these possibilities are considered in the collection of papers published in these proceedings. In this paper, we focus on methods for the analysis of repeated observations of a measured variable, such as FEV " when the goal is to describe the effects of personal exposures or characteristics on the trajectory of change over time. We illustrate the steps in the development of a model for longitudinal analysis with examples taken from the least complicated setting, the investigation of the determinants of pulmonary function decline during adult life. Table I provides a check list of the most important issues in the design of a longitudinal study and the elements of model development that will be addressed in subsequent sections.
What Accounts for Individual and Gender Differences in the Multi-Digit Number Processing of Primary School Children?

Gender differences in numerical domains have frequently been reported, but typically only from high-school age onwards. Recently, we found performance differences in favor of primary school boys in multi-digit number processing. Several underlying factors have been suggested to explain general differences in multi-digit number processing (such as visual-spatial working memory capacity), gender differences in mathematics (such as attitudes toward mathematics), and gender differences in multi-digit number processing (such as visual-spatial abilities). To date, no study has tested the concurrent impact of these factors on the development of multi-digit number processing in primary school children; thus, we applied structural equation modeling to a longitudinal dataset of 140 primary school children. Our main result was that gender exerted the strongest influence on multi-digit number processing, which was partly mediated by attitudes toward mathematics. Furthermore, general visual-spatial abilities (but not .
Recordability: Resistance and collusion in psychometric interviews with children

Different areas of child welfare work call for psychometric measurement to replace professionals’ judgements with objective numbers. Using data from a national Swedish evaluation of interventions for abused children, the present article investigates child interviewees’ resistance to constraints in psychometric questions. The article contributes to studies of how psychology operates in institutional settings; it looks into the discursive production of the interviewee’s position in the struggle between the principle of recordability and ‘sensitive’ interviewing. The findings suggest that interviewees resist questions’ structural restrictions in the service of telling the interviewer about their lives. Thus, the function of their misalignment is affiliative; it cooperates both with the institutional goal of eliciting information and with the interviewer’s interest in them. However, the interviewer’s solutions to children’s problem presentations remain focused on generating recordable answers. The article concludes that the narrow focus on recordability neglects important opportunities to talk about children’s experiences.
Timing volition: Questions of what and when about W

Voluntary acts are preceded by electrophysiological "readiness potentials" (RPs). With spontaneous acts involving no preplanning, the main negative RP shift begins at about —550 ms. Such RPs were used to indicate the minimum onset times for the cerebral activity that precedes a fully endogenous voluntary act. The time of conscious intention to act was obtained from the subject's recall of the spatial clock position of a revolving spot at the time of his initial awareness of intending or wanting to move (W). W occurred at about -200 ms. Control experiments, in which a skin stimulus was timed (S), helped evaluate each subject's error in reporting the clock times for awareness of any perceived event. For spontaneous voluntary acts, RP onset preceded the uncorrected Ws by about 350 ms and the Ws corrected for S by about 400 ms. The direction of this difference was consistent and significant throughout, regardless of which of several measures of RP onset or W were used. It was concluded that cerebral initiation of a spontaneous voluntary act begins unconsciously. However, it was found that the final decision to act could still be consciously controlled during the 150 ms or so remaining after the specific conscious intention appears. Subjects can in fact "veto" motor performance during a 100-200-ms period before a prearranged time to act. The role of conscious will would be not to initiate a specific voluntary act but rather to select and control volitional outcome. It is proposed that conscious will can function in a permissive fashion, either to permit or to prevent the motor implementation of the intention to act that arises unconsciously. Alternatively, there may be the need for a conscious activation or triggering, without which the final motor output would not follow the unconscious cerebral initiating and preparatory processes.
Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI: Current Concepts and Therapeutic Implications

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are commonly observed MRI abnormalities in the elderly, which generally reflect covert vascular brain injury. WMH cumulatively produce substantial neurologic, psychiatric, and medical morbidity. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on vascular WMH, and describes some pharmacological agents that may have a role in mitigating this condition. Summary of Review: This review has two main focus areas. The first is a discussion of currently available knowledge regarding the public health burden, pathogenesis, and various risk factors associated with the presence of vascular white matter lesions noted on brain MRI. The second section of the article details the mechanistic and clinical basis for promising pharmacological treatment modalities that could potentially prevent progression of ischemic cerebral white matter brain injury. Many of these therapies are already of proven efficacy in preventing recurrent stroke. Conclusions: Individuals with vascular white matter lesions on MRI may represent a potential target population likely to benefit from secondary stroke prevention therapies.
Magic and cost of communicative competence

The development of communicative competence by persons who have limited or no functional speaking or writing skills is magical in that it is so improbable. Yet, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) options have permitted many individuals to achieve communicative competence. As with magic, the costs of AAC use are partially hidden. The equipment and material costs are obvious; however, the instruction and learning costs are not. The documentation and dissemination of these costs will permit potential AAC users and public policy planners to estimate and manage the overall costs of AAC interventions more accurately.