Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Influential Nodes in Bipartite Networks Using the Clustering Coefficient

The identification of influential nodes in complex network can be very challenging. If the network has a community structure, centrality measures may fail to identify the complete set of influential nodes, as the hubs and other central nodes of the network may lie inside only one community. Here we define a bipartite clustering coefficient that, by taking differently structured clusters into account, can find important nodes across communities.
Eyewitness or Earwitness: The Role of Mental Imagery in Intrusion Development

Current cognitive theories of posttramatic stress disorder explain the development of intrusive visual images according to the encoding of the perceptual (visual) information of the traumatic event. However, recent studies have, under controlled circumstances, shown that visual intrusive images can also develop from listening to a verbal trauma report. Posttraumatic stress symptoms resulting from seeing versus listening to a trauma were compared to help elucidate possible working mechanisms. Participants were randomly assigned to a film group or an imagery group. Participants in the film group were shown a trauma film of traffic accidents, whereas participants in the imagery group listened to a verbal report of this film and imagined the scenes. The main finding was that a preference for visual processing was positively related to intrusion frequency in the imagery condition but not in the film condition. In addition, participants in the imagery condition reported more avoidance and negative cognitions ab.
Relation of Growth of Use of the Internet to Changes in Media Use from 1995 to 1999

This national survey of media useshows a huge gain for Internet use in the last four years and decline for both local and network television news and for newspapers. Comparison of those who use the Internet and those who do not shows that Internet users are more likely than non-users to be newspaper readers and radio news listeners. For both local and network television news viewing, there is no significant difference between users and non-users of the Internet. Clearly, the Internet is not the cause of the decline in use of the other media.
A constant-factor approximation algorithm for the k-median problem (extended abstract)

We present the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for the metric k-median problem. The k-median problem is one of the most well-studied clustering problems, i.e., those problems in which the aim is to partition a given set of points into clusters so that the points within a cluster are relatively close with respect to some measure. For the metric k-median problem, we are given n points in a metric space. We select k of these to be cluster centers and then assign each point to its closest selected center. If point j is assigned to a center i, the cost incurred is proportional to the distance between i and j. The goal is to select the k centers that minimize the sum of the assignment costs. We give a 62/3-approximation algorithm for this problem. This improves upon the best previously known result of O(log k log log k), which was obtained by refining and derandomizing a randomized O(log n log log n)-approximation algorithm of Bartal.
Dissociable Brain Systems Mediate Vicarious Learning of Stimulus–Response and Action–Outcome Contingencies

Two distinct strategies have been suggested to support action selection in humans and other animals on the basis of experiential learning: a goal-directed strategy that generates decisions based on the value and causal antecedents of action outcomes, and a habitual strategy that relies on the automatic elicitation of actions by environmental stimuli. In the present study, we investigated whether a similar dichotomy exists for actions that are acquired vicariously, through observation of other individuals rather than through direct experience, and assessed whether these strategies are mediated by distinct brain regions. We scanned participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed an observational learning task designed to encourage either goal-directed encoding of the consequences of observed actions, or a mapping of observed actions to conditional discriminative cues. Activity in different parts of the action observation network discriminated between the two conditions during observational learning and correlated with the degree of insensitivity to outcome devaluation in subsequent performance. Our findings suggest that, in striking parallel to experiential learning, neural systems mediating the observational acquisition of actions may be dissociated into distinct components: a goal-directed, outcome-sensitive component and a less flexible stimulus–response component.
DiscoveryLink: A system for integrated access to life sciences data sources

Vast amounts of life sciences data reside today in specialized data sources, with specialized query processing capabilities. Data from one source often must be combined with data from other sources to give users the information they desire. There are database middleware systems that extract data from multiple sources in response to a single query. IBM's DiscoveryLink is one such system, targeted to applications from the life sciences industry. DiscoveryLink provides users with a virtual database to which they can pose arbitrarily complex queries, even though the actual data needed to answer the query may originate from several different sources, and none of those sources, by itself, is capable of answering the query. We describe the DiscoveryLink offering, focusing on two key elements, the wrapper architecture and the query optimizer, and illustrate how it can be used to integrate the access to life sciences data from heterogeneous data sources.
L'Inventaire du Développement de l'Enfant (IDE). Normes et validation françaises du Child Development Inventory (CDI)

Le besoin d’instruments de depistage pour identifier les possibles troubles du developpement chez les enfants de moins de 6 ans est largement accepte. Ces outils permettent aux professionnels de la sante de proposer une aide aux parents dont les enfants presentent des risques de probl? mes ou de retard de developpement. Pour poursuivre ce but, il est necessaire d’avoir des instruments dont les qualites psychometriques soient satisfaisantes et qui soient adaptes au peu de temps dont disposent les professionnels de la sante. La presente etude determine les normes francaises et les qualites psychometriques et epidemiologiques d’un questionnaire parental pour l’evaluation du developpement de l’enfant. Cet Inventaire du Developpement de l’Enfant (IDE) a ete precedemment utilise dans d’autres pays sous le nom de Child Development Inventory (CDI). Il permet de preciser les probl? mes de developpement dans des domaines comme la socialisation, l’autonomie, la motricite (globale ou fine), le langage expressif et receptif et des difficultes dans l’apprentissage des lettres et des nombres. Les resultats indiquent que la fidelite, la validite, la sensibilite ainsi que la specificite de la version francaise de cet instrument sont satisfaisantes. Il peut donc ? tre utilise en France et constituer une aide efficace pour le travail des professionnels de la petite enfance. Le questionnaire et un manuel d’utilisation sont fournis dans un autre article de la presente revue.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Tandem β-Zipper Interaction of a Streptococcal Protein with Human Fibronectin*♦

Bacterial fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) contain a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that mediates adhesion of bacteria to host tissues, and invasion of host cells, through binding to fibronectin (Fn). These FnBP IDRs consist of Fn-binding repeats (FnBRs) that form a highly extended tandem β-zipper interaction on binding to the N-terminal domain of Fn. Several FnBR residues are highly conserved across bacterial species, and here we investigate their contribution to the interaction. Mutation of these residues to alanine in SfbI-5 (a disordered FnBR from the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes) reduced binding, but for each residue the change in free energy of binding was <2 kcal/mol. The structure of an SfbI-5 peptide in complex with the second and third F1 modules from Fn confirms that the conserved FnBR residues play equivalent functional roles across bacterial species. Thus, in SfbI-5, the binding energy for the tandem β-zipper interaction with Fn is distributed across the interface rather than concentrated in a small number of “hot spot” residues that are frequently observed in the interactions of folded proteins. We propose that this might be a common feature of the interactions of IDRs and is likely to pose a challenge for the development of small molecule inhibitors of FnBP-mediated adhesion to and invasion of host cells.
The "Bootstrap" and "Split Personality" AntiPractices - eXPeriences Teaching eXtreme Programming

This article provides insight into two simple and common problems when teaching XP: the "Bootstrap" and "Split Personality" antipractices. Bootstrap describes how teams have difficulties starting a project with little or no code base. Split Personality describes difficulties experienced when one as- sumes both the Coach and Customer roles. We present these organizational antipatterns as antipractices we have identified while teaching XP in different contexts. We discuss simple solutions to the antipatterns based on reflections from these experiences and describe concrete situations where they were effec- tive. Resumo. Este artigo apresenta reflex ˜
Mineral balance and whole body bone mineral content in very low‐birth‐weight infants

Fat and mineral metabolic balance studies were performed in 25 normal very low‐birth‐weight infants ( 1500 g at birth) fed either pooled pasteurized human milk supplemented with calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, or a preterm formula. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake were similar in both groups and averaged 100mg/kg/day, 72 mg/kg/day and 8 mg/kg/day, respectively. Calcium and phosphorus retention was higher in the subjects fed fortified human milk than in those receiving a preterm formula (65±14 and 62±9mg/kg/day versus 55±12 and 47±7mg/kg/day respectively). The difference was only significant for phosphorus. Magnesium retention was similar in the two groups and averaged 3 mg/kg/day. Fat intake and absorption was significantly higher in the preterm formula fed group than in the one fed fortified human milk (5.5±0.4 g/kg/day and 88±4% versus 4.2±1 g/kg/day, 79±6% respectively). Assessment of the whole body bone mineral content by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was performed at 3 and 6 months of age in another group of 25 low‐birth‐weight infants fed either fortified human milk or a preterm formula. Whole body bone mineral content (BMCt) was low (43.3±30.8 g of hydroxyapatite) at 3 months of age (theoretical term) compared to normal full‐term newborns at birth. There was no significant influence of the diet. At 6 months of age, BMCt reached 168.6±36.6g, a value similar to that of full‐term newborns, with no significant difference between the two regimen groups. The deficit in the 12 subjects who had a BMCt under 30 g at 3 months of age had been corrected at age 6 months. Premature babies fed a pooled pasteurized human milk enriched with calcium, phosphorus and magnesium favored a better retention of calcium and phosphorus. However, no significant influence of the two diets studied was observed on the gain in BMCt over the first 6 months of life.
Ischemic Stroke and Cancer: Stroke Severely Impacts Cancer Patients, While Cancer Increases the Number of Strokes

Background Cancer and ischemic stroke are two of the most common causes of death among the elderly, and associations between them have been reported. However, the main pathomechanisms of stroke in cancer patients are not well known, and can only be established based on accurate knowledge of the characteristics of cancer-related strokes. We review herein recent studies concerning the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients with cancer-related stroke. Main Contents This review covers the epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and acute and preventive treatments for cancer-related stroke. First, the characteristics of stroke (clinical and radiological features) and systemic cancer (type and extent) in patients with cancer-specific stroke are discussed. Second, the role of laboratory tests in the early identification of patients with cancer-specific stroke is discussed. Specifically, serum D-dimer levels (as a marker of a hypercoagulable state) and embolic signals on transcranial Doppler (suggestive of embolic origin) may provide clues regarding changes in the levels of coagulopathy related to cancer and anticoagulation. Finally, strategies for stroke treatment in cancer patients are discussed, emphasizing the importance of preventive strategies (i.e., the use of anticoagulants) over acute revascularization therapy in cancer-related stroke. Conclusion Recent studies have revealed that the characteristics of cancer-related stroke are distinct from those of conventional stroke. Our understanding of the characteristics of cancer-related stroke is essential to the correct management of these patients. The studies presented in this review highlight the importance of a personalized approach in treating stroke patients with cancer.
Equilibrium and Renegotiation in Delegation Games

We propose a general formal structure for symmetric information delegation games that encompasses many existing economic applications in the fields of oligopoly theory, the theory of the firm, strategic trade policy and international political economy. We prove that all individually rational allocations are implementable in delegation games with non-separable utility. Secondly, we show that contract renegotiation and non-observable contracts have similar effects only in particular cases. We prove that all the equilibria obtained when renegotiation is excluded are implementable as renegotiation proof equilibria, provided that the side transfer technology implies a dead-weight loss increasing in the size of the transfer.
Differences in number and distribution of striatal calbindin medium spiny neurons between a vocal-learner (Melopsittacus undulatus) and a non-vocal learner bird (Colinus virginianus)

Striatal projecting neurons, known as medium spiny neurons (MSNs), segregate into two compartments called matrix and striosome in the mammalian striatum. The matrix domain is characterized by the presence of calbindin immunopositive (CB+) MSNs, not observed in the striosome subdivision. The existence of a similar CB+ MSN population has recently been described in two striatal structures in male zebra finch (a vocal learner bird): the striatal capsule and the Area X, a nucleus implicated in song learning. Female zebra finches show a similar pattern of CB+ MSNs than males in the developing striatum but loose these cells in juveniles and adult stages. In the present work we analyzed the existence and allocation of CB+ MSNs in the striatal domain of the vocal learner bird budgerigar (representative of psittaciformes order) and the non-vocal learner bird quail (representative of galliformes order). We studied the co-localization of CB protein with FoxP1, a transcription factor expressed in vertebrate striatal MSNs. We observed CB+ MSNs in the medial striatal domain of adult male and female budgerigars, although this cell type was missing in the potentially homologous nucleus for Area X in budgerigar. In quail, we observed CB+ cells in the striatal domain at developmental and adult stages but they did not co-localize with the MSN marker FoxP1. We also described the existence of the CB+ striatal capsule in budgerigar and quail and compared these results with the CB+ striatal capsule observed in juvenile zebra finches. Together, these results point out important differences in CB+ MSN distribution between two representative species of vocal learner and non-vocal learner avian orders (respectively the budgerigar and the quail), but also between close vocal learner bird families.
Evidence for human‐mediated dispersal of exotic earthworms: support for exploring strategies to limit further spread

As potent ecosystem engineers, non‐native earthworms are altering the fundamental structure and function of previously earthworm‐free cold‐temperate hardwood forests in North America. Discarded earthworms used for fishing bait has been presumed to be an important vector for the continued spread of non‐native earthworms because epicentres of invasion often include boat landings, lakeshores and roads. However, controversy has remained about the overall importance of human‐mediated spread vs. natural expansion of established earthworm populations. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Cameron et al. explore the continued role of humans in dispersing non‐native earthworms.
Impact of Action Learning on Entrepreneurial Traits and Inclination

Based on a comparative survey supplemented with focus group interviews, it was found that an action learning activity in an entrepreneurship programme produced both positive and negative results with regard to the entrepreneurial traits of students and their inclination towards entrepreneurship, depending on the influence of external and detrimental factors. The findings imply that further attention needs to be given both to the process and to the context of action learning activities in entrepreneurship education, taking into account economic factors in particular.
Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in the intensive care unit

Objective To determine whether Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow pattern is related to left ventricular filling pressures in critically ill patients. Design Prospective clinical investigation. Setting Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients Fifty-four mechanically ventilated patients (age, 63 ± 16 yrs) were investigated via transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler. Main diagnoses were pneumonia (31%), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24%), congestive heart failure (11%), and poisoning (11%). Interventions Doppler examinations were performed simultaneously with measurements of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure via a right heart catheter. Measurements and Main Results Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure correlated with transmitral peak E-wave velocity (r = .46) and E/A ratio (r = .55). Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure inversely correlated with deceleration time of the transmitral E-wave (r = −.52), pulmonary venous peak S-wave velocity (r = −.37), and systolic fraction of the pulmonary forward flow (r = −.56). An E/A ratio >2 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >18 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. A duration of pulmonary venous A-wave reversal flow exceeding the duration of the transmitral A-wave forward flow predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >15 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 83%. A systolic fraction of the pulmonary venous forward flow <0.4 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >12 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion Transmitral and pulmonary venous flow patterns measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography can be used to estimate the left ventricular filling pressure in critically ill patients.
CO Molecular Gas in Infrared-luminous Galaxies

We present the first statistical survey of the properties of the 12CO(1-0) and 12CO(3-2) line emission from the nuclei of a nearly complete subsample of 60 infrared (IR) luminous galaxies selected from SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS). This subsample is flux limited at S60 μm ≥ 5.24 Jy with far-IR (FIR) luminosities mostly at LFIR > 1010 L☉. We compare the emission line strengths of 12CO(1-0) and (3-2) transitions at a common resolution of ~15''. The measured 12CO(3-2) to (1-0) line intensity ratios r31 vary from 0.22 to 1.72, with a mean value of 0.66 for the sources observed, indicating a large spread of the degree of excitation of CO in the sample. These CO data, together with a wide range of data at different wavelengths obtained from the literature, allow us to study the relationship between the CO excitation conditions and the physical properties of gas/dust and star formation in the central regions of galaxies. Our analysis shows that there is a nonlinear relation between CO and FIR luminosities, such that their ratio LCO/LFIR decreases linearly with increasing LFIR. This behavior was found to be consistent with the Schmidt law relating star formation rate to molecular gas content, with an index N = 1.4 ± 0.3. We also find a possible dependence of the degree of CO gas excitation on the efficiency of star-forming activity. Using the large velocity gradient (LVG) approximation to model the observed data, we investigate the CO-to-H2 conversion factor X for the SLUGS sample. The results show that the mean value of X for the SLUGS sample is lower by a factor of 10 compared to the conventional value derived for the Galaxy, if we assume the abundance of CO relative to H2, ZCO = 10-4. For a subset of 12 galaxies with H I maps, we derive a mean total face-on surface density of H2 + H of about 42 M☉ pc-2 within about 2 kpc of the nucleus. This value is intermediate between that in galaxies like our own and those with strong star formation.
The Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

The effects of intravenous anesthetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) have been investigated in both animals and clinical studies. The protective effects and the dosages of the intravenous anesthetics on IRI were discussed in this paper. The prevention of the tissue injury after the IRI was demonstrated with intravenous anesthetics in some studies. In the future, the studies should be focused on the dosage of the anesthetics related to diminishing the tissue injuries. Further studies might be required in order to investigate the effects of the anesthetics on molecular levels.
Is there a general tendency for CD4 lymphocyte decline to speed up during human immunodeficiency virus infection? Evidence from the Italian Seroconversion Study.

It has been suggested that the rate of CD4 cell decline accelerates in parallel with decreasing numbers of cells; however, the statistical literature suggests the opposite. CD4 cells were counted about every 6 months in a cohort of 1264 human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects (the Italian Seroconversion Study cohort). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the time for CD4 cells to decline by 100 cells/mm3, conditional on reaching predefined levels. In addition, CD4 cell counts were modeled as a function of time since seroconversion in individuals with > or = 5 counts. Kaplan-Meier survival times for a 100 cell/mm3 decrease in CD4 cells increased as lower counts were reached (log rank test, P < .001). The shape of the overall fitted curve of the CD4 cell counts does not suggest an increasing rate of decline. Data from the Italian Seroconversion Study cohort do not show a general tendency for accelerating CD4 cell decline in association with lower counts.