Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seed Quality Traits Can Be Predicted with High Accuracy in Brassica napus Using Genomic Data

Improving seed oil yield and quality are central targets in rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding. The primary goal of our study was to examine and compare the potential and the limits of marker-assisted selection and genome-wide prediction of six important seed quality traits of B. napus. Our study is based on a bi-parental population comprising 202 doubled haploid lines and a diverse validation set including 117 B. napus inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses between B. rapa and B. carinata. We used phenotypic data for seed oil, protein, erucic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, and glucosinolate content. All lines were genotyped with a 60k SNP array. We performed five-fold cross-validations in combination with linkage mapping and four genome-wide prediction approaches in the bi-parental population. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) with large effects were detected for erucic acid, stearic acid, and glucosinolate content, blazing the trail for marker-assisted selection. Despite substantial differences in the complexity of the genetic architecture of the six traits, genome-wide prediction models had only minor impacts on the prediction accuracies. We evaluated the effects of training population size, marker density and phenotyping intensity on the prediction accuracy. The prediction accuracy in the independent and genetically very distinct validation set still amounted to 0.14 for protein content and 0.17 for oil content reflecting the utility of the developed calibration models even in very diverse backgrounds.
Tau and Aβ imaging, CSF measures, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease

PET imaging of pathological tau correlates more closely with Alzheimer’s disease–related cognitive impairment than does imaging of β-amyloid. A window into Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is pathologically defined by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles. The cognitive and pathological correlates of Aβ deposition have been well studied owing to the availability of PET imaging ligands. Using newly available tau imaging agents, Brier et al. now explore relationships among tau pathology and Aβ with PET imaging, cerebrospinal fluid measures of disease, and cognition. Overall, tau imaging provided a more robust predictor of disease status than did Aβ imaging. Thus, whereas Aβ imaging provides a good marker for early disease state, tau imaging is a more robust predictor of disease progression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by two molecular pathologies: cerebral β-amyloidosis in the form of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tauopathy in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads. Until recently, only Aβ could be studied in humans using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging owing to a lack of tau PET imaging agents. Clinical pathological studies have linked tau pathology closely to the onset and progression of cognitive symptoms in patients with AD. We report PET imaging of tau and Aβ in a cohort of cognitively normal older adults and those with mild AD. Multivariate analyses identified unique disease-related stereotypical spatial patterns (topographies) for deposition of tau and Aβ. These PET imaging tau and Aβ topographies were spatially distinct but correlated with disease progression. Cerebrospinal fluid measures of tau, often used to stage preclinical AD, correlated with tau deposition in the temporal lobe. Tau deposition in the temporal lobe more closely tracked dementia status and was a better predictor of cognitive performance than Aβ deposition in any region of the brain. These data support models of AD where tau pathology closely tracks changes in brain function that are responsible for the onset of early symptoms in AD.
Efficacy and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention within twelve hours of fibrinolysis

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes between glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hr of fibrinolysis. Background: Despite limited evidence, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists are widely used in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing routine early or rescue PCI after fibrinolysis. Methods: We evaluated 87 and 556 glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients enrolled in a regional registry of STEMI between October 2002 and December 2005. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, reinfarction, and stroke at 1 year of follow‐up. The primary safety endpoint was the rate of in‐hospital major bleeding that was not related to coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: The primary efficacy endpoint occurred in 12% (10 of 81) and 13% (72 of 525) of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and nonrecipients, respectively (P = 0.74). The corresponding rates of major bleeding during index hospitalization were 4.8% (4 of 84) and 5.1% (28 of 544) (P = 0.88), respectively. Two glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist recipients and five nonrecipients experienced intracranial hemorrhage. After adjusting for propensity score, the odds of primary efficacy (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–1.83) and safety (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–2.62) endpoints did not differ according to the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. Conclusion: In this observational cohort study of unselected patients with STEMI, the administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists provided no additional benefit to PCI performed within 12 hr of fibrinolysis, nor did it compromise patient safety. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing Is Everything: Age of Onset Influences Long-Term Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes, Independent of Traditional Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE—To test the hypothesis that age of type 2 diabetes onset influences inherent susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy, independent of disease duration and degree of hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Retinopathy data from 624 patients with a type 2 diabetes duration of 20–30 years (group A) were analyzed by stratifying patients according to age of onset of diabetes and glycemic control. Retinopathy status was scored clinically as per a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) severity scale. To obviate possible bias due to a higher attrition from comorbidities in those with later-onset diabetes and retinopathy, 852 patients with type 2 diabetes of shorter duration (10–12 years, group B) were similarly studied. RESULTS—Prevalence and severity of retinopathy was significantly higher in the younger-onset, group A patients. When further stratified according to mean A1C, retinopathy risk remained increased in younger-onset patients. The greatest impact was seen in those with a mean A1C >9% (odds ratio [OR] for retinopathy 16.6, 7.5, and 2.7 for age of diagnosis <45, 45–55, and >55 years, respectively, P = 0.003). By logistic regression, earlier type 2 diabetes onset is associated with increased retinopathy risk, independent of traditional risk factors (OR of retinopathy 1.9, 1.1, and 1 for age of onset <45, 45–55, and >55 years, respectively). Similar results were found in group B patients. CONCLUSIONS— These data suggest an increased inherent susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy with earlier-onset type 2 diabetes. This further supports the importance of delaying development of diabetes and also implies a need for more stringent metabolic targets for younger individuals.
Development of a Robust Cytopathic Effect-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay To Identify Novel Inhibitors of Dengue Virus

ABSTRACT We have developed a robust cytopathic effect-based high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Screening of a small natural product library yielded 11 hits. Four of these were found to be potent inhibitors of DENV, although serotype differences were noted. Taken together, these data suggest that screening of larger and more complex molecule libraries may result in the identification of more potent and specific DENV inhibitors.
Fewer Slices of PIE: Optimising Mutation Testing via Abduction

A repeated observation is that test probesrapidly saturate the search space within software: i.e. many probes of software yield only slightly more information than a few probes. HT0 is a software test engine that assumes rapid saturation. Instead of exploring all probes, randomly different probes are explored one at a time. Probe exploration halts when randomly generated probe yields little more information than randomly generated probes , ( ). The runtimes of HT0 were observed to be , at least for the theories studies here.
Return to Moral Twin Earth

Roughly a half-century ago, R.M. Hare gave us a potent argument against attempts to account for the meaning of moral language in non-normative or ‘descriptive’ terms. The argument relies on the idea that in order to have genuine moral disagreement, we have to be talking about the same thing. Real disagreement requires agreement in meaning: if the words we use in our disputes mean different things, then we're just talking past, and not to, one another. Using this simple observation, Hare argues that if the meaning of an evaluative word such as ‘good’ were primarily descriptive, then groups with sufficiently different standards for applying ‘good’ wouldn't be able to enter into a real evaluative disagreement. But these disagreements are possible. Hence, he concluded, it's the evaluative meaning of ‘good’ that's primary — and any descriptive account is bound to fail because it doesn't capture the crucial element of endorsement that's central to normative language.
Bilateral Simultaneous Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Case Report and National Survey of Orthopedic Surgeon Management Preference

Unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury seen by sports medicine orthopedic surgeons. However, a bilateral simultaneous ACL injury is extremely rare and has been reported only three times in the literature. We present a young female skier with simultaneous bilateral ACL tears that were managed with staged ACL reconstruction. We then conducted a nationwide survey (United States) to determine the prevalence of simultaneous bilateral ACL tear and preferred management strategies by sports medicine orthopedic surgeons. Sports medicine fellowship directors were contacted and asked to send an 8-item survey to colleagues (sports medicine fellowship trained surgeons) asking about overall number of ACL reconstructions performed, number of bilateral simultaneous ACL injuries seen and optimal management strategies of such an injury. Out of 43 responses, only 22 (51.2%) surgeons had seen a bilateral simultaneous ACL injury. Of these, 16 (76.2%) preferred staged reconstruction. Graft choice was mixed between autograft and allograft, but a large majority preferred either patellar tendon autograft (58%) or hamstring autograft (41%) were the most common choice. Staged reconstruction is the treatment of choice by surgeons surveyed in our study.
Mucosal Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in a Humanized Mouse Model

ABSTRACT Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide and a risk factor for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Although many vaccine candidates have shown promising results in animal models, they have failed to be effective in human trials. In this study, a humanized mouse strain was evaluated as a potential preclinical model for studying human immune responses to HSV-2 infection and vaccination. Immunodeficient mouse strains were examined for their abilities to develop human innate and adaptive immune cells after transplantation of human umbilical cord stem cells. A RAG2−/− γc−/− mouse strain with a BALB/c background was chosen as the most appropriate model and was then examined for its ability to mount innate and adaptive immune responses to intravaginal HSV-2 infection and immunization. After primary infection, human cells in the lymph nodes were able to generate a protective innate immune response and produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ). After intravaginal immunization and infection, human T cells and NK cells were found in the genital tract and iliac lymph nodes. In addition, human T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and vaginal tract were able to respond to stimulation with HSV-2 antigens by replicating and producing IFN-γ. Human B cells were also able to produce HSV-2-specific immunoglobulin G. These adaptive responses were also shown to be protective and reduce local viral replication in the genital tract. This approach provides a means for studying human immune responses in vivo using a small-animal model and may become an important preclinical tool.
Optimal reduction of MCG in fetal MEG recordings

Recording fetal magnetoencephalographic (fMEG) signals in-utero is a demanding task due to biological interference, especially maternal and fetal magnetocardiographic (MCG) signals. A method based on orthogonal projection of MCG signal space vectors (OP) was evaluated and compared with independent component analysis (ICA). The evaluation was based on MCG amplitude reduction and signal-to-noise ratio of fetal brain signals using exemplary datasets recorded during ongoing studies related to auditory evoked fields. The results indicate that the OP method is the preferable approach for attenuation of MCG and for preserving the fetal brain signals in fMEG recordings
Making Peace with the Environment: Why Ecology Needs Feminism

global collective dose of 8 X 108 to 16 X 108 (including carbon 14) has been estimated by UNSCEAR 1977 (9) for the world population from nuclear weapon testing between 1945 and 1976; and Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1977 Report to the General Assembly, with annexes. UnitedNations, New York, 1977. N.B. This report gives estimates of global nuclear pollution for commercial nuclear industries.
Selected Factors Related to Children's Singing Accuracy

s Intematlonal48, 2013A. Small, A, & McCachern, F. L. (1983). The effect of male and female vocal modeling on pitch-matching accuracy of first-grade children. Journal. ofResearch in Music Education, 31, 227-233. Smith, R. S. (1974). Factors related to children's In-tune singtng abilities (Doctoral dissertation, University of West VIrgf.nia. 1973). Dissertation AbstrQ£ts International, 34, 7271A. Stauffer, S. L. (1986). An investigation of the effects of melodic and harmonic context on the development of singing ability in primary grade children (Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1985). DIssertation Abstracts International, 46, 1862A. Welch, G. F. (1979a). Poor pitch singing: A review of the literature. Psychology ofMusic, 7, 50-57. Welch, G. F. (1979b). Vocal range and poor pitch singing. Psychology ofMusic, 7, 12-31. Zwissler, R N. (1972). An investigation of the pitch discrimination skills of first-grade chUdren Identified as accurate singers and those identified as inaccurate singers (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1971). Dissertation Abstrocts International. 32, 4056-4057A.
Effects of the Kuroshio on coastal sea level south of Japan

Correlation between the Kuroshio and coastal sea level south of Japan is examined during a non-large meander period using the altimetry and tide gauge data after removing the steric height component. The sea level varies uniformly in a region bounded by the coast and the mean Kuroshio axis, which stretches for several hundreds kilometers along the coast. These variations are related with the Kuroshio velocity, as coastal sea level decreases (or increases) when the Kuroshio is faster (or slower).
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus—treatment with pulsed dye laser

Because of its vascular selectivity, the flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser (585 nm) is efficacious in the treatment of vascular lesions and is successfully used for the treatment of port‐wine stains and haemangiomas in children. Based on the encouraging results with these cutaneous vascular disorders, the cutaneous lesions of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) have now also been treated with the pulsed dye laser. Cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus are often difficult to treat with readily available local therapeutic methods. We report here on a group of 12 patients whose LE lesions were treated with the pulsed dye laser. In 10 patients, the LE was limited to the skin, while two patients had systemic LE (SLE). Even in the two patients with SLE, a significant improvement of skin lesions was achieved. After a mean number of 51 laser sessions, a median clearance rate of 70% was attained for nine patients. In one case, the laser treatment failed to clear the lesions. Two patients did not show any visible improvement of the lesions, but pain and itching were significantly reduced. There were few side‐effects. No prolonged laser‐induced scarring occurred and in only two patients was hyperpigmentation seen, which had resolved completely after 4 and 5 months, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 7 months (range: 3–32 months), only one patient (after a complete clearance of the skin lesions) had a small relapse. In summary, the pulsed dye laser is an effective therapy for the treatment of superficial skin lesions in LE.
Network Geometry Inference using Common Neighbors

We introduce and explore a method for inferring hidden geometric coordinates of nodes in complex networks based on the number of common neighbors between the nodes. We compare this approach to the HyperMap method, which is based only on the connections (and disconnections) between the nodes, i.e., on the links that the nodes have (or do not have). We find that for high degree nodes, the common-neighbors approach yields a more accurate inference than the link-based method, unless heuristic periodic adjustments (or "correction steps") are used in the latter. The common-neighbors approach is computationally intensive, requiring O(t4) running time to map a network of t nodes, versus O(t3) in the link-based method. But we also develop a hybrid method with O(t3) running time, which combines the common-neighbors and link-based approaches, and we explore a heuristic that reduces its running time further to O(t2), without significant reduction in the mapping accuracy. We apply this method to the autonomous systems (ASs) Internet, and we reveal how soft communities of ASs evolve over time in the similarity space. We further demonstrate the method's predictive power by forecasting future links between ASs. Taken altogether, our results advance our understanding of how to efficiently and accurately map real networks to their latent geometric spaces, which is an important necessary step toward understanding the laws that govern the dynamics of nodes in these spaces, and the fine-grained dynamics of network connections.
Presequence and mature part of preproteins strongly influence the dependence of mitochondrial protein import on heat shock protein 70 in the matrix

To test the hypothesis that 70-kD mitochondrial heat shock protein (mt- hsp70) has a dual role in membrane translocation of preproteins we screened preproteins in an attempt to find examples which required either only the unfoldase or only the translocase function of mt-hsp70. We found that a series of fusion proteins containing amino-terminal portions of the intermembrane space protein cytochrome b2 (cyt. b2) fused to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) were differentially imported into mitochondria containing mutant hsp70s. A fusion protein between the amino-terminal 167 residues of the precursor of cyt. b2 and DHFR was efficiently transported into mitochondria independently of both hsp70 functions. When the length of the cyt. b2 portion was increased and included the heme binding domain, the fusion protein became dependent on the unfoldase function of mt-hsp70, presumably caused by a conformational restriction of the heme-bound preprotein. In the absence of heme the noncovalent heme binding domain in the longer fusion proteins no longer conferred a dependence on the unfoldase function. When the cyt. b2 portion of the fusion protein was less than 167 residues, its import was still independent of mt-hsp70 function; however, deletion of the intermembrane space sorting signal resulted in preproteins that ended up in the matrix of wild-type mitochondria and whose translocation was strictly dependent on the translocase function of mt-hsp70. These findings provide strong evidence for a dual role of mt-hsp70 in membrane translocation and indicate that preproteins with an intermembrane space sorting signal can be correctly imported even in mutants with severely impaired hsp70 function.
How to Avoid Gender Bias in Mental Health Treatment

Abstract Family therapy has been criticized for failure to address the gender context of mental health and relationship problems. Recent research shows that despite ideals of equality, gender bias is still common. Many therapists do not address the gender and power aspects of clinical issues. This article provides a social construction framework for thinking about gender in therapy, and a brief overview of the impacts of gender on mental health symptoms. Five questions to guide assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment are discussed and applied to a case example.
Self-similar Evolution of Relativistic Shock Waves Emerging from Plane-parallel Atmospheres

We study the evolution of the ultrarelativistic shock wave in a plane-parallel atmosphere adjacent to a vacuum and the subsequent breakout phenomenon. When the density distribution is a power law in distance from the surface, there is a self-similar motion of the fluid before and after the shock emergence. The time evolution of the Lorentz factor of the shock front is assumed to follow a power law when the time is measured from the moment at which the shock front reaches the surface. The power index is found to be determined by the condition for the flow to extend through a critical point. The energy spectrum of the ejected matter as a result of the shock breakout is derived, and its dependence on the strength of the explosion is also deduced. The results are compared with the self-similar solution for the same problem with nonrelativistic treatment.
Evidence for dual receptor‐binding sites in Clostridium difficile toxin A

TcdA (308 kDa) and TcdB (270 kDa) disrupt the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and provide an environment favorable for Clostridium difficile colonization. Recent evidence suggests that entry of TcdA into cells is mediated by at least two domains. Here, we report the characterization of a second receptor‐binding domain (RBD2) for TcdA. While both the isolated combined repetitive oligopeptides (CROPs) and RBD2 fragments are rapidly internalized into cells under physiologic conditions, only the CROPs domain appreciably accumulates at the cell surface. Once internalized, CROPs and RBD2 are trafficked to late endosomal compartments. An internal deletion of RBD2 from TcdA holotoxin ablated toxicity in HT29 cells. These data are consistent with the recently proposed dual receptor model of cellular entry.
The Neuropsychopharmacology of Stimulants: Dopamine and ADHD

In this chapter we consider the neuropsychopharmacology of ADHD in general and dopamine and the stimulants more specifically. Attention will be given to the various neurotransmitter theories for ADHD. We will consider the theoretical mechanisms of actions for the various medicines used to treat ADHD. We will look at how the stimulants, although often assumed to be similar, actually show evidence of differential mechanisms of action. We will look at new data that utilizes the technique of reverse microdialysis to demonstrate how different the dose-response curves are for dopamine release in the striatum following local application of the different stimulants.