Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping as an Index of Illness Behavior in Panic Disorder

Illness behavior in panic disorder was examined by comparing the coping strategies of female primary care patients (34 with panic disorder, 30 with simple panic, and 78 without panic.) Relationships of coping and distress were also examined within each group. The groups differed significantly on the Ways of Coping Checklist, anxiety (SCL-90 and Zung scales), depression (SCL-90 and Beck scales), and number of phobias. The panic disorder group used proportionately less problem-focused and more wishful thinking than the other groups. Within the panic disorder group, anxiety and depression were correlated negatively with problem-focused coping and positively with wishful thinking, and number of phobias was correlated negatively with the seeking of social support and positively with wishful thinking. Most importantly, when an attempt was made to statistically separate panic patients with multiple phobias from those without multiple phobias, coping was a better marker than was distress. These results emphasize the importance of cognitions in illness behavior and anxiety disorder.
Mood Effects of Televised Sports Events

Television viewers attend to sports programs primarily to gain emotional rewards. As not only wins but also defeats are inherently rooted in sport competitions, television viewers can be positively as well as negatively affected in their feelings when watching sports on television. Interestingly, some studies were able to show that the feelings evoked by watching sport television also influence viewers’ judgments, following feeling-as-information theory. The present study builds on these results by investigating the mood effect of viewing televised football Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup games on personal as well as economic estimations of viewers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, assessing the moods and estimations of viewers before and after a win and a defeat of the German national team. The results support feeling-as-information theory, as viewers reported enhanced mood and estimations after watching the victory. Results of previous studies are extended, as longer term effects are included and the mediating role of mood was explicitly tested and supported.
Genetic variation in Mediterranean Helichrysum italicum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae): do disjunct populations of subsp. microphyllum have a common origin?

The yellow-flowered everlasting daisy Helichrysum italicum (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin, where it grows in continuous and widespread populations in diverse open habitats. Helichrysum italicum subsp. microphyllum has a disjunct distribution in the Balearic Islands (Majorca and Dragonera), Corsica, Sardinia, Crete and Cyprus. Numerous morphological intermediates between subsp. italicum and subsp. microphyllum are known from Corsica, where the two subspecies co-occur. The aims of the study were to investigate if subsp. microphyllum has a common origin, constituting an independent gene pool from subsp. italicum, or if the morphological differences between subsp. microphyllum and subsp. italicum have arisen independently in different locations from a common wider gene pool. Our analyses of AFLP, cpDNA sequences and morphological characters show that there is geographic structure to the genetic variation within H. italicum, with eastern and western Mediterranean groups, which do not correspond with the division into subsp. microphyllum and subsp. italicum as currently circumscribed. Local selection on quantitative trait loci provides sufficient explanation for the morphological divergence observed and is consistent with genetic data. Within the western Mediterranean group of the species we found considerable polymorphism in chloroplast DNA sequences among and within some populations. Comparison with chloroplast DNA sequences from other Helichrysum species showed that some chloroplast haplotypes are shared across species.
Paroxetine versus placebo: a double-blind comparison in depressed patients.

BACKGROUND Paroxetine is a potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The present study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine against placebo in depressed outpatients. METHOD A double-blind, parallel-group study was undertaken in four stand-alone centers. Patients aged 18-65 years, meeting DSM-III criteria for major depression, and having a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score > or = 18 on the first 17 items of the HAM-D-21 were randomized to paroxetine or placebo for 6 weeks of treatment. Efficacy outcome variables included the HAM-D, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), and the Covi Anxiety Scale. Tolerability was assessed by asking a non-leading question. Routine laboratory safety and vital sign data from all four centers were pooled. The primary analysis used the intention-to-treat sample and for efficacy variables the last-observation-carried-forward data set was employed. Statistical methods included one-way analysis of variance for parametric and Fisher exact test for nonparametric variables. RESULTS Significant differences (p < or = .05) were found between paroxetine and placebo on the HAM-D and CGI by Week 2 and on all efficacy outcome variables by Week 4. Improvement on the HAM-D sleep factor occurred 2 weeks prior to that seen on the retardation factor. Similar results were obtained when an adequate treatment group (therapy for > or = 28 days) was considered. A full clinical response (CGI-severity of illness score 1 or 2) was seen in over 40% of subjects. Adverse events were more common for paroxetine compared with placebo (p < or = .01). Somnolence was twice more common than nervousness. Dropout due to adverse events was similar between therapies. Paroxetine had no clinically significant effect on laboratory safety data or vital signs. CONCLUSION Paroxetine was an effective, well tolerated, and safe antidepressant. Side effects were typical of the SSRI class of drugs. Symptoms indicative of a nonalerting profile were more common than those associated with alerting effects.
Negotiation Strategies for Patient Welfare

Patient welfare is the prime objective of Medical and Psychiatric Social Workers. Trained professional Social Workers contribute significantly to the well-being of patients by acting as a link between hospital team and patient and family. This study aims to describe key negotiation strategies used by the Medical and Psychiatric Social Work team and its effect on patient welfare in a tertiary care hospital. The Study was conducted among approximately 75,000 patients who had been admitted for medical and surgical interventions in a multispecialty hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data from approximately 15,000 patients who represented the in-patients. The data had been collected for two years duration; combined quantitative and qualitative data from patients and hospital staff were used for the study. Members of Medical Social Work team were actively involved in collecting feedback from admitted patients. They discussed the same feedback with the operational team of the hospital and tried to influence the hospital policy. A collective effort led to significant improvement in patient satisfaction score. Relationship with patients and hospital management and use of research skills are essential to enhance the negotiation abilities of Social Workers in the hospital sector. Negotiation for patient welfare will help Social Workers to add values to hospital management and patient satisfaction.
Disintegration of measures on compact transformation groups

Let G be a compact metrizable group which acts freely on a locally compact Hausdorff space X. Let ,u be a measure on X, v: X -0 X/G _ Y the projection, , r( u). We show that there is a ,-Lusin-measurable disintegration of ,u with respect to v. We use this result to prove a structure theorem concerning T-ergodic measures on bitransformation groups (G, X, T) with G metric and X compact. We finish with some remarks concerning the case when G is not metric. Introduction. This paper falls naturally into two parts. The first deals with the following situation: G, a compact metric group, acts freely on a locally compact space X (thus, if gx = x for any x E X and g E G, then g = identity in G). The quotient Y = X/ G is locally compact; let '7: X -+ Y be the canonical projection. We show that each measure ,u on X has a 7r( A) = v-Lusin-measurable disintegration with respect to -r (see ? 0 for definitions; see [6] for a detailed discussion of disintegrations and their relationship to liftings). No theorem known to the author yields this result, although it is similar to theorems on the disintegration of a measure on a product space (see [2] and [6]). The second part considers a special case: IL is a T-ergodic measure on a compact Hausdorff space X which is the phase space of a bitransformation group (G, X, T) with G metric. Let Go g E Gjf f(gx) di (x) =f(x) du (x) for allf eC(X and let yo be Haar measure on Go. We show that, if y -* is the disintegration of ? 1, then each N, "looks like" yo in a certain sense. The following result is crucial: If Z is a Hausdorff space and f: X -+ Z a ,u-Lusin-measurable, T-invariant map, then f(x) = const ,u-a.e. Finally, in ? 6, we remove the metrizability assumption on G; we assume the existence of a strong lifting on (Y, v) (the only place in the paper where this is done). These results represent a portion of the author's Ph.D. thesis, written at Minnesota. The author wishes to thank his advisor, Professor Robert Ellis, Received by the editors April 26, 1976. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 28A50, 28A65, 54H20. C American Mathematical Society 1977
Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Conflict Monitoring, and Levels of Processing

It has been hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) contributes to cognition by detecting conflicts that might occur during information processing, to signal the need to engage top-down attentional processes. The present study was designed to investigate which levels of processing are being monitored by the ACC for the presence of conflict. Event-related fMRI was used to measure the response of the ACC during an interference task in which distracting information could be congruent, conflicting at the level of stimulus identification, or conflicting at the response level. Although both types of conflict caused reaction time interference, the fMRI data showed that the ACC is responsive only to response conflict, even when controlling for reaction times. These results suggest a highly specific contribution of the ACC to executive functions, through the detection of conflicts occurring at later or response-related levels of processing.
Angiopoietin-2 Stimulation of Endothelial Cells Induces αvβ3 Integrin Internalization and Degradation*

The angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2) have been identified as agonistic and antagonistic ligands of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, respectively. Both ligands have been demonstrated to induce translocation of Tie2 to cell-cell junctions. However, only Ang-1 induces Tie2-dependent Akt activation and subsequent survival signaling and endothelial quiescence. Ang-2 interferes negatively with Ang-1/Tie2 signaling, thereby antagonizing the Ang-1/Tie2 axis. Here, we show that both Ang-1 and Ang-2 recruit β3 integrins to Tie2. This co-localization is most prominent in cell-cell junctions. However, only Ang-2 stimulation resulted in complex formation among Tie2, αvβ3 integrin, and focal adhesion kinase as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Focal adhesion kinase was phosphorylated in the FAT domain at Ser910 upon Ang-2 stimulation and the adaptor proteins p130Cas and talin dissociated from αvβ3 integrin. The αvβ3 integrin was internalized, ubiquitinylated, and gated toward lysosomes. Taken together, the experiments define Tie2/αvβ3 integrin association-induced integrin internalization and degradation as mechanistic consequences of endothelial Ang-2 stimulation.
Amitriptyline for Prolonged Cutaneous Analgesia in the Rat

Background Amitriptyline has been reported to be a more potent local anesthetic than bupivacaine. In keeping with the objective of identifying drugs for prolonged cutaneous analgesia, the authors compared the cutaneous analgesic effectiveness of amitriptyline and bupivacaine in rats. Methods Rats were subcutaneously injected on shaved dorsal skin. The skin wheal raised after injection of 0.6 ml of various concentrations of either amitriptyline or bupivacaine with and without epinephrine (1:200,000) was marked. Inhibition of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex was evaluated quantitatively by the fraction of times a total of six pinpricks applied to the marked area failed to elicit a nocifensive motor response compared with control responses. No responses out of six pinpricks was defined as 100% maximum possible effect. Results Complete recovery from the cutaneous analgesia elicited by 0.05% and 0.5 amitriptyline versus 0.05 and 0.5% bupivacaine occurred in 9.9 ± 0.2 and 19.3 ± 0.4 h versus 2.2 ± 0.1 and 16.1 ± 0.2 h, respectively (mean ± SE). Addition of epinephrine increased this duration to 14.1 ± 0.1 and 21.4 ± 0.2 h versus 3.2 ± 0.1 and 17.0 ± 0.3 h, respectively. Complete nociceptive blockade after coinjection of 0.25% amitriptyline, 0.25% bupivacaine, and epinephrine lasted 24 ± 0.5 h, and com-plete recovery from this block took 33 ± 0.5 h. Areas under the percent maximum possible effect versus time curve were 1,770 ± 24 and 1,471 ± 50% h for 0.5% amitriptyline and bupivacaine with epinephrine, respectively, whereas this value was 2,836 ± 62% h for the coinjected 0.25% amitriptyline, 0.25% bupivacaine, and epinephrine admixture. Conclusion Amitriptyline is a longer-acting local anesthetic compared with bupivacaine for cutaneous infiltration. Its analgesic effectiveness is significantly enhanced by epinephrine. Coinjection of amitriptyline and bupivacaine with epinephrine enhances the analgesic duration of both drugs.
Risk-taking behavior: effects of ethanol, caffeine, and basal sleepiness.

STUDY OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of ethanol, caffeine, and basal sleepiness on a laboratory measure of risk-taking behavior, the Stop Light Task. The aims were to determine whether sleepiness and ethanol degrade psychomotor speed and risky choice and whether caffeine attenuates these effects. DESIGN Mixed design with participants chosen for basal level of sleepiness and each assessed under 4 conditions presented in a Latin-square crossover design. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen healthy adult volunteers aged 21 to 35 years. INTERVENTIONS Participants received ethanol 0.5 g/kg and caffeine placebo, ethanol 0.5 g/kg and caffeine 150 mg, ethanol 0.5 g/kg and caffeine 300 mg, or a dual (ethanol-caffeine) placebo between 9:00 am and 9:30 am. MEASUREMENTS The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) was used to determine basal level of sleepiness. Subjects completed the Stop Light Task about 60 to 90 minutes after drug administration to assess psychomotor speed and risky choices. RESULTS Seven subjects were classified as Alert (MSLT = 12.6 +/- 2.0 minutes) and 6 Sleepy (MSLT = 8.1 +/- 1.0 minutes). Sleepy compared to Alert subjects did not differ in psychomotor speed overall. Ethanol significantly slowed psychomotor speed relative to placebo, and ethanol-caffeine combinations attenuated this effect. Consistent with previous studies using the Stop Light Task, higher response requirements (FR15-FR50) and higher point loss probability (12.5%, 37.5%, 100%) significantly decreased risky choice, across sleepiness and treatment conditions. Alert subjects made "go" (primary measure of risk-taking) choices more often at lower response requirements and less often at higher response requirements, relative to Sleepy subjects. Ethanol did not significantly affect "go" choices but did produce changes in "go" choices as a function of response requirement. Given their more optimal pattern of choice behavior, Alert subjects gained significantly more money than Sleepy subjects; ethanol and caffeine combinations did not significantly affect money earned. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that sleepiness moderates risky choice such that Alert subjects have improved choice "acuity. " Also, under conditions where risk-taking depends on responding rapidly (like the Stop Light Task), ethanol may also impair responding and caffeine may attenuate this effect.
Clinical correlates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among diagnosed individuals in a rural diagnostic clinic.

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is relevant for the reduction of long term adverse sequalae. However, the diagnostic guidelines require a multidisciplinary approach which may hinder access to diagnostic and management services. Most diagnostic clinics are located in urban areas. There is less emphasis on the operations, capacities, and outcomes from rural diagnostic clinics. METHODS Over a ten and half years of clinic operations to diagnose children and subsequently adults, all consenting adults provided answers to interviews, participated in measurements and other diagnostic procedures. Information was collected on their contact with mental health services. Comparison of the findings with those from other established clinics included variables relevant to outcome measures. RESULTS 375 individuals were referred, assessed and diagnosed according to the existing guidelines for FASD diagnosis. Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), which was closely associated with age, was the most prevalent FASD diagnosis. One third of those diagnosed had IQ above the average range and ADHD was the most relevant clinical correlate. The diagnostic clinic was able to complete diagnosis on potentially 37.5% of likely affected individuals. CONCLUSION FASD can be diagnosed in children and adults in a rural setting. ADHD and other mental disorders should be a focus for treatment in affected individuals especially adults. It is important to consider the impact of age on the outcome of FASD. To increase diagnostic capacity, clinic operations could be modelled similarly.
Review of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II)

The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II; Wechsler, 2011), published by Pearson, is a newly updated abbreviated measure of cognitive intelligence designed for individuals 6 to 90 years of age. Primarily used in clinical, psychoeducational, and research settings, the WASI-II was developed to quickly and accurately estimate cognitive intelligence when administration of a full battery is not feasible or necessary. The WASI-II is classified as a Level C measure, and can be administered and interpreted by individuals with a doctorate degree in psychology or a related discipline. Although the Examiner’s Manual states that the WASI-II can be administered by individuals with a bachelor’s degree under appropriate supervision due to the ease of administration, it is important to note that ideally the same person would administer and interpret the results of the measure, preferably an individual with appropriate training and certification (e.g., an individual with master’s or doctoral training). Administration time is approximately 30 min for the four-subtest form or 15 min for the two-subtest form. The WASI-II kit includes an Examiner’s Manual, 25 Record Forms, Stimulus Book, and nine red and white Block Design cubes. The manual is well laid out, beginning with a detailed history of the WASI (Wechsler, 1999) and development of the WASI-II, an overview of the WASI-II tasks, details about the administration and scoring of the measure, interpretation of results, and psychometric properties.
A Commentary on Army Officer Research: From Alpha to Delta

This special issue offers five articles that contribute new insights for officer selection and classification. This commentary connects these articles to historical antecedents and describes their contributions to a better understanding of officer performance. As a set the articles reflect several perspectives, particularly multitrait and multistage models, which have emerged in recent research on individual differences and leadership. This commentary describes the findings from these studies within the context of these perspectives. It concludes with two considerations for future research: A need to focus on (a) officer attributes that relate to adaptability and (b) attributes that foster an enduring ability and motivation to learn, particularly when assessing potential for higher Army ranks.
Vegetation Indices for Mapping Canopy Foliar Nitrogen in a Mixed Temperate Forest

Hyperspectral remote sensing serves as an effective tool for estimating foliar nitrogen using a variety of techniques. Vegetation indices (VIs) are a simple means of retrieving foliar nitrogen. Despite their popularity, few studies have been conducted to examine the utility of VIs for mapping canopy foliar nitrogen in a mixed forest context. In this study, we assessed the performance of 32 vegetation indices derived from HySpex airborne hyperspectral images for estimating canopy mass-based foliar nitrogen concentration (%N) in the Bavarian Forest National Park. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed for comparison. These vegetation indices were classified into three categories that are mostly correlated to nitrogen, chlorophyll, and structural properties such as leaf area index (LAI). %N was destructively measured in 26 broadleaf, needle leaf, and mixed stand plots to represent the different species and canopy structure. The canopy foliar %N is defined as the plot-level mean foliar %N of all species weighted by species canopy foliar mass fraction. Our results showed that the variance of canopy foliar %N is mainly explained by functional type and species composition. The normalized difference nitrogen index (NDNI) produced the most accurate estimation of %N (R2CV = 0.79, RMSECV = 0.26). A comparable estimation of %N was obtained by the chlorophyll index Boochs2 (R2CV = 0.76, RMSECV = 0.27). In addition, the mean NIR reflectance (800–850 nm), representing canopy structural properties, also achieved a good accuracy in %N estimation (R2CV = 0.73, RMSECV = 0.30). The PLSR model provided a less accurate estimation of %N (R2CV = 0.69, RMSECV = 0.32). We argue that the good performance of all three categories of vegetation indices in %N estimation can be attributed to the synergy among plant traits (i.e., canopy structure, leaf chemical and optical properties) while these traits may converge across plant species for evolutionary reasons. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperspectral vegetation indices to estimate %N in a mixed temperate forest which may relate to the effect of the physical basis of nitrogen absorption features on canopy reflectance, or the biological links between nitrogen, chlorophyll, and canopy structure.