Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance, Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Increased Exercise Blood Pressure: Contribution of Abdominal Obesity

Individuals with insulin resistance and low cardiorespiratory fitness are frequently found to have an increased waist circumference and high exercise blood pressure. We tested the hypothesis that the relationships among insulin resistance, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and increased exercise blood pressure may be mediated by an elevated waist circumference. This study included 317 apparently healthy men and women (mean age: 34.8±12.8 years; mean body mass index: 26.1±5.2 kg/m2). Exercise blood pressure values were measured using a submaximal ergometer test evaluating physical working capacity. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured during a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariate regression analyses showed that waist circumference accounted for 32.8% (P<0.0001) and 45.1% (P<0.0001) of the variance in exercise systolic blood pressure in men and women, respectively. Participants were classified into tertiles according to either insulin response, measured during the oral glucose tolerance test, or fitness levels and then further subdivided into 2 subgroups using sex-specific waist circumference thresholds. Individuals with an increased waist circumference (≥94 cm and ≥80 cm for men and women, respectively) had higher exercise systolic blood pressure compared with individuals with low waist circumference, irrespective of their level of insulin resistance (10.6 versus 6.8, 12.2 versus 7.7, and 13.2 versus 8.7 mm Hg/metabolic equivalent, respectively, for the low, intermediate, and high tertiles; P<0.05) or fitness levels (13.1 versus 8.2, 12.0 versus 7.9, and 10.6 versus 7.1 mm Hg/metabolic equivalent, respectively, for the low, intermediate, and high tertiles; P<0.05). Individuals with a higher waist circumference have elevated exercise systolic blood pressure, regardless of their insulin sensitivity or level of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Implicit crowds

Large multi-agent systems such as crowds involve inter-agent interactions that are typically anticipatory in nature, depending strongly on both the positions and the velocities of agents. We show how the nonlinear, anticipatory forces seen in multi-agent systems can be made compatible with recent work on energy-based formulations in physics-based animation, and propose a simple and effective optimization-based integration scheme for implicit integration of such systems. We apply this approach to crowd simulation by using a state-of-the-art model derived from a recent analysis of human crowd data, and adapting it to our framework. Our approach provides, for the first time, guaranteed collision-free motion while simultaneously maintaining high-quality collective behavior in a way that is insensitive to simulation parameters such as time step size and crowd density. These benefits are demonstrated through simulation results on various challenging scenarios and validation against real-world crowd data.
Comparison of New‐Onset Gout in Adults Prescribed Chlorthalidone vs Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension

This study assessed the risk of new‐onset gout following prescribing of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) compared with chlorthalidone (CTD). This retrospective cohort analysis used administrative claims from 2000 to 2012 to identify patients aged 18 to 89 years with hypertension who were prescribed CTD or HCTZ. Patients were excluded if they had a prior diagnosis of gout, conditions or prescription claims for medications that alter risk of gout, or if they switched between these two diuretics. A total of 1011 patients prescribed CTD were matched with 2022 patients prescribed HCTZ based on age, sex, and Chronic Condition Indicator. New‐onset gout occurred in 17 of 1011 (1.68%) patients in the CTD group and in 26 of 2022 (1.29%) patients in the HCTZ group (P=.27). The number of days to first occurrence of gout was 183.6 days and 152.7 days in the CTD and HCTZ groups, respectively (P=.39). The mean daily dose was 22.7 mg for CTD and 24.3 mg for HCTZ, and the median dose of both CTD and HCTZ was 25 mg at the time of new‐onset gout. Patients prescribed CTD for hypertension have a similar risk of developing new‐onset gout compared with patients prescribed similar doses of HCTZ.
Clinical and Histopathologic Features of Failed Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts

Purpose: To study the histopathologic features of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts removed after graft failure and to correlate with relevant clinical features. Methods: Retrospective study of 8 cases in 7 patients who experienced DSAEK graft failure during the surgeons' learning phase. Perioperative clinical findings were correlated with pathologic findings of the explanted graft specimens. Imaging software was used to measure the central and peripheral thickness of each graft. Results: Graft failure occurred in association with graft detachment or excessive surgical manipulation. In 4 cases, the donor tissue detached, including 2 cases with routes for bubble escape. In 3 cases, the graft remained attached but failed to clear. The mean preoperative DSAEK button thickness was 205 ± 61.8 μm. Average death to preservation time was 8 hours 47 minutes, and average preservation to surgery time was 2 days 22 hours. By light microscopy, explanted donor tissue showed varying degrees of keratocyte degeneration and marked endothelial cell loss. Two specimens with bubble escape had less endothelial loss, and 1 specimen showed epithelial ingrowth at the interface. Repeat keratoplasty (5 DSAEK, 2 penetrating keratoplasty) was successful in 6 of 7 cases. Conclusions: This series correlates factors that may play a role in DSAEK failure with histopathologic features of explanted DSAEK lenticules. Marked endothelial loss was common in cases with surgical trauma but was less in cases with bubble escape. One specimen showed an epithelial membrane on the stromal interface. Outcomes of repeat DSAEK in these patients seem promising.
Combined Inhibition of HER1/EGFR and RAC1 Results in a Synergistic Antiproliferative Effect on Established and Primary Cultured Human Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain tumor of glial origin in adults. With the best available standard-of-care, patients with this disease have a life expectancy of only approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Because the EGF receptor (HER1/EGFR) is one of the most commonly dysregulated oncogenes in glioblastoma, HER1/EGFR–targeted agents, such as erlotinib, were expected to provide a therapeutic benefit. However, their application in the clinical setting failed. Seeking an explanation for this finding, we previously identified several candidate genes for resistance of human glioblastoma cell lines toward erlotinib. On the basis of this panel of genes, we aimed at identifying drugs that synergistically enhance the antiproliferative effect of erlotinib on established and primary glioblastoma cell lines. We found that NSC23766, an inhibitor of RAC1, enhanced the antineoplastic effects of erlotinib in U87MG, T98MG, and A172MG glioblastoma cell lines for the most part in a synergistic or at least in an additive manner. In addition, the synergistic antiproliferative effect of erlotinib and NSC23766 was confirmed in primary cultured cells, indicating a common underlying cellular and molecular mechanism in glioblastoma. Therefore, agents that suppress RAC1 activation may be useful therapeutic partners for erlotinib in a combined targeted treatment of glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1783–95. ©2013 AACR.
Factored Value Iteration Converges

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm, factored value iteration (FVI), for the approximate solution of factored Markov decision processes (fMDPs). The traditional approximate value iteration algorithm is modified in two ways. For one, the least-squares projection operator is modified so that it does not increase max-norm, and thus preserves convergence. The other modification is that we uniformly sample polynomially many samples from the (exponentially large) state space. This way, the complexity of our algorithm becomes polynomial in the size of the fMDP description length. We prove that the algorithm is convergent. We also derive an upper bound on the difference between our approximate solution and the optimal one, and also on the error introduced by sampling. We analyse various projection operators with respect to their computation complexity and their convergence when combined with approximate value iteration.
For Personal Use. Mass Reproduce Only with Permission from Mayo Clinic Proceedings. for Personal Use. Mass Reproduce Only with Permission from Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Simvastatin Vs Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes and Supplements: Randomized Primary Prevention Trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the lipid-lowering effects of an alternative regimen (lifestyle changes, red yeast rice, and fish oil) with a standard dose of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reduc-tase inhibitor (statin). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized trial enrolled 74 patients with hypercholesterolemia who met Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for primary prevention using statin therapy. All participants were randomized to an alternative treatment group (AG) or to receive simvastatin (40 mg/ d) in this open-label trial con-The alternative treatment included therapeutic lifestyle changes, ingestion of red yeast rice, and fish oil supplements for 12 weeks. The simvastatin group received medication and traditional counseling. The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in low-density lipo-protein cholesterol (LDL-C). Secondary measures were changes in other lipoproteins and weight loss.
Denying Humanness to Others

Past research has provided abundant evidence that playing violent video games increases aggressive behavior. So far, these effects have been explained mainly as the result of priming existing knowledge structures. The research reported here examined the role of denying humanness to other people in accounting for the effect that playing a violent video game has on aggressive behavior. In two experiments, we found that playing violent video games increased dehumanization, which in turn evoked aggressive behavior. Thus, it appears that video-game-induced aggressive behavior is triggered when victimizers perceive the victim to be less human.
Aspectual classes and scales of change

Abstract Standard models of aspectual classes focus on event decompositional or featural distinctions. However, such classifications often over- or under-generate, and do not necessarily capture the temporal properties aspectual classifications are based on. I develop a predictive model of aspectual classes based on theories of scalar change, taking two independently motivated properties of scales as key: (a) how specific the predicate is about the theme's final state on the scale and (b) the scale's mereological complexity. The resultant classification accommodates the standard Vendler dynamic classes, plus additional classes that have proved difficult for prior approaches, and makes novel predictions about the relation of aspectual class and argument realization.
Person re-identification by manifold ranking

Existing person re-identification methods conventionally rely on labelled pairwise data to learn a task-specific distance metric for ranking. The value of unlabelled gallery instances is generally overlooked. In this study, we show that it is possible to propagate the query information along the unlabelled data manifold in an unsupervised way to obtain robust ranking results. In addition, we demonstrate that the performance of existing supervised metric learning methods can be significantly boosted once integrated into the proposed manifold ranking-based framework. Extensive evaluation is conducted on three benchmark datasets.
Reduced iNKT cells numbers in type 1 diabetes patients and their first‐degree relatives

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the specific destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been associated with development of T1D. Class I MHC‐restricted T cell‐associated molecule (CRTAM) is expressed on activated iNKT, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells, and it is associated with the pro‐inflammatory profiles of these cells. Crtam gene expression in CD3+ lymphocytes from non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice is associated with T1D onset. However, expression of CRTAM on T cells from patients with T1D has not yet been evaluated. We compared iNKT cell (CD3+Vα24+Vβ11+) numbers and CRTAM expression in a Mexican population with recent‐onset T1D and their first‐degree relatives with control families. Remarkably, we found lower iNKT cell numbers in T1D families, and we identified two iNKT cell populations in some of the families. One iNKT cell population expressed high iTCR levels (iNKThi), whereas another expressed low levels (iNKTlo) and also expressed CRTAM. These findings support a probable genetic determinant of iNKT cell numbers and a possible role for these cells in T1D development. This study also suggests that CRTAM identifies recently activated iNKT lymphocytes.
License Usage and Changes: A Large-Scale Study of Java Projects on GitHub

Software licenses determine, from a legal point of view, under which conditions software can be integrated, used, and above all, redistributed. Licenses evolve over time to meet the needs of development communities and to cope with emerging legal issues and new development paradigms. Such evolution of licenses is likely to be accompanied by changes in the way how software uses such licenses, resulting in some licenses being adopted while others are abandoned. This paper reports a large empirical study aimed at quantitatively and qualitatively investigating when and why developer change software licenses. Specifically, we first identify licenses' changes in 1,731,828 commits, representing the entire history of 16,221 Java projects hosted on GitHub. Then, to understand the rationale of license changes, we perform a qualitative analysis - following a grounded theory approach - of commit notes and issue tracker discussions concerning licensing topics and, whenever possible, try to build trace ability links between discussions and changes. Our results point out a lack of trace ability of when and why licensing changes are made. This can be a major concern, because a change in the license of a system can negatively impact those that reuse it.
Pedometer Step Count Targets during Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rationale: Increasing physical activity is a key therapeutic aim in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, but there is conflicting evidence regarding its ability to improve physical activity levels. Objectives: To determine whether using pedometers as an adjunct to PR can enhance time spent in at least moderate‐intensity physical activity (time expending ≥3 metabolic equivalents [METs]) by people with COPD. Methods: In this single‐blind randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned 1:1 to receive a control intervention (PR comprising 8 wk, two supervised sessions per week) or the trial intervention (PR plus pedometer‐directed step targets, reviewed weekly for 8 wk). In the randomization process, we used minimization to balance groups for age, sex, FEV1 percent predicted, and baseline exercise capacity and physical activity levels. Outcome assessors and PR therapists were blinded to group allocation. The primary analysis was based on the intention‐to‐treat principle. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was change from baseline to 8 weeks in accelerometer‐measured daily time expending at least 3 METs. A total of 152 participants (72% male; mean [SD] FEV1 percent predicted, 50.5% [21.2]; median [first quartile, third quartile] time expending ≥3 METs, 46 [21, 92] min) were enrolled and assigned to the intervention (n = 76) or control (n = 76) arm. There was no significant difference in change in time expending at least 3 METs between the intervention and control groups at 8 weeks (median [first quartile, third quartile] difference, 0.5 [−1.0, 31.0] min; P = 0.87) or at the 6‐month follow‐up (7.0 [−9, 27] min; P = 0.16). Conclusions: Pedometer‐directed step‐count targets during an outpatient PR program did not enhance moderate‐intensity physical activity levels in people with COPD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01719822).
Conflicts of Interest: José María Remes-troche Has Served as a Speaker, a Consultant and an Advisory Board Member for Validation and Diagnostic Usefulness of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire in a Primary Care Level in Mexico

CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. María Remes-Troche has received research funding from Astra Zeneca and Asofarma. Arturo Meixueiro-Daza has served as a speaker for Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Asofarma. Antonio Ramos de la Medina has served as a speaker, a consultant and an advisory board member for Takeda Pharmaceuticals.Dietlen do not have any potential conflicts (financial, professional or personal) that are relevant to this manuscript. Background/Aims Different non-invasive diagnostics strategies have been used to assess patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) questionnaire (GerdQ) is a 6-item, easy to use questionnaire that was developed primarily as a diagnostic tool for GERD in primary care. Our aim was to validate and assess diagnostic utility of GerdQ questionnaire in Mexican patients in the primary care setting. Methods The study was performed in 3 phases: (1) a questionnaire translation and comprehension study (n = 20), (2) are a reproduci-bility and validation study (50 patients and 50 controls) and (3) a study to assess the clinical utility in 252 subjects with GERD symptoms. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated using endoscopy and/or pH-metry as the gold standard. Results Internal consistency measured by the Cronbach's  coefficient was 0.81 for patients and 0.90 for healthy controls, with a mixed coefficient of 0.93. Reproducibility for GerdQ was very good and its discriminating validity was 88%. Most of the patients with erosive reflux and non-erosive reflux with abnormal pH-metry had scores ＞ 8, meanwhile most of the patients with functional heartburn and hypersensitive esophagus had ＜ 8. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of GerdQ compared to the gold standard were 72%, 72% and 87%, respectively. 476 Conclusions In Mexico, the GerdQ questionnaire Spanish validated version is useful for GERD diagnosis in the primary care setting.
Efficient concurrency-bug detection across inputs

In the multi-core era, it is critical to efficiently test multi-threaded software and expose concurrency bugs before software release. Previous work has made significant progress in detecting and validating concurrency bugs under a given input. Unfortunately, software testing always faces large sets of test inputs, and existing techniques are still too expensive to be applied to every test input in practice. In this paper, we use open-source software to study how existing concurrency-bug detection tools work for a set of inputs. The study shows that an interleaving pattern, such as a data race or an atomicity violation, can often be exposed by many inputs. Consequently, existing bug detectors would inevitably waste their bug detection effort to generate duplicate bug reports, when applied to a set of inputs. Guided by the above study, we propose a coverage metric, Concurrent Function Pairs (CFP), to efficiently approximate how interleavings overlap across inputs. Using CFP, we have designed a new approach to detecting data races and atomicity-violation bugs for a set of inputs. Our evaluation on open-source C/C++ applications shows that our CFP-guided approach can effectively accelerate concurrency-bug detection for a set of inputs by reducing redundant detection effort across inputs.
No Association Between Plasma Levels of Plant Sterols and Atherosclerosis in Mice and Men

Objective—Sitosterolemia is characterized by elevated plasma levels of plant sterols, hypercholesterolemia and premature coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD develops in some subjects with sitosterolemia, despite having normal plasma cholesterol levels, suggesting that high circulating levels of plant sterols may be atherogenic. We tested whether elevated plasma levels of plant sterols (sitosterol and campesterol) were associated with atherosclerosis in genetically modified mice and in middle-aged men and women. Methods and Results—Wild-type and hypercholesterolemic female mice with >20-fold higher plasma levels of plant sterols because of inactivation of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) half transporters G5 and G8 (G5G8−/−mice) were fed chow or Western diets for 7 months. No significant differences in aortic lesion area were found when the sitosterolemic mice were compared with littermate controls. To determine whether plasma levels of plant sterols were associated with coronary atherosclerosis in humans, the relationship between plasma plant sterols and coronary calcium (detected by electron beam computer tomography) was examined in 2542 subjects aged 30 to 67 years. Plasma levels of cholesterol, but not sitosterol or campesterol, were significantly higher in subjects with coronary calcium. Conclusions—The results of this study do not support an association between elevated plasma levels of plant sterols and atherosclerosis.
Growth Hormone Research Society Workshop Summary: Consensus Guidelines for Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Context: Recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) has been used by the medical community and advocated by parental support groups since its approval in the United States in 2000 and in Europe in 2001. Its use in PWS represents a unique therapeutic challenge that includes treating individuals with cognitive disability, varied therapeutic goals that are not focused exclusively on increased height, and concerns about potential life-threatening adverse events. Objective: The aim of the study was to formulate recommendations for the use of rhGH in children and adult patients with PWS. Evidence: We performed a systematic review of the clinical evidence in the pediatric population, including randomized controlled trials, comparative observational studies, and long-term studies (>3.5 y). Adult studies included randomized controlled trials of rhGH treatment for ≥ 6 months and uncontrolled trials. Safety data were obtained from case reports, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical registries. Methodology: Forty-three international experts and stakeholders followed clinical practice guideline development recommendations outlined by the AGREE Collaboration (www.agreetrust.org). Evidence was synthesized and graded using a comprehensive multicriteria methodology (EVIDEM) (http://bit.ly.PWGHIN). Conclusions: Following a multidisciplinary evaluation, preferably by experts, rhGH treatment should be considered for patients with genetically confirmed PWS in conjunction with dietary, environmental, and lifestyle interventions. Cognitive impairment should not be a barrier to treatment, and informed consent/assent should include benefit/risk information. Exclusion criteria should include severe obesity, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea, active cancer, or psychosis. Clinical outcome priorities should vary depending upon age and the presence of physical, mental, and social disability, and treatment should be continued for as long as demonstrated benefits outweigh the risks.