Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Scholarship of Dr. Asa G. Hilliard, III: Implications for Black Principal Leadership

For over 40 years the scholarship of Dr. Asa G. Hilliard has impacted the fields of educational psychology, testing and measurement, teacher education, and African and African American history. Dr. Hilliard was also concerned about school leadership, and much of his work is closely aligned with current discussions about school reform and accountability as they relate to effective school leadership. The purpose of this article is to present a review of a selected body of Dr. Hilliard’s scholarship, and to situate this work in the context of African American principal leadership and the education of African American students.
Polyamory or Polyagony? Jealousy in Open Relationships

Normal 0 0 1 233 1333 11 2 1637 11.1282 0 0 0 Non-monogamous relationships have existed throughout recorded history; however it is only recently that polyamory has emerged as a “burgeoning sexual story” (Barker, 2005) [1] , with a particular discourse and cultural practice of consensual and responsible non-monogamy. For my doctoral research, using qualitative, open-ended interviews, I spoke to twenty-two queer, polyamorous women in Vancouver about how and why they practice polyamory and specifically how jealousy is experienced, expressed and managed in their relationships. Compersion is a term developed by polyamorists to refer to feelings of pleasure and excitement in relation to a lover having sexual and/or emotional connections with other people. Through the development of cultural etiquette and norms, polyamorists have rewritten scripts about love, relationships and jealousy that make compersion possible, though not always common. Using a queer feminist sociology of emotion and insider research methodology, I challenge conventional assumptions about jealousy, gender and power that are replicated in both research and popular culture. I argue that the act or even intention of compersion is itself an act of resistance. Queer polyamorists resist conventions - emotional, sexual, relationship, gender - and place pleasure, particularly embodied pleasure in the center stage. Through their development of alternative relationship structures, queer women polyamorists are re-imagining and re-crafting emotions in a way that resists compulsory monogamy, heterosexism, genderism and emotional normativity, and their intersecting regulation. [1] Barker, Meg. 2005. “This is my partner, and this is my…partner’s partner: Constructing a polyamorous identity in a monogamous world. ” Journal of Constructivist Psychology 18(1): 75-88, Jan-March.
The Impact of Print Exposure Quality and Inference Construction on Syllogistic Reasoning.

This study extended the work of S. Siddiqui, R. F. West, and K. E. Stanovich (1998), who studied the link between general print exposure and syllogistic reasoning. It was hypothesized that exposure to certain text structures that contain well-delineated logical forms, such as popularized scientific texts, would be a better predictor of deductive reasoning skill than general print exposure, which is not sensitive to the quality of an individual's reading activity. Furthermore, it was predicted that the ability to generate explanatory bridging inferences while reading would also be predictive of syllogistic reasoning. Undergraduate students (N = 112) were tested for vocabulary, nonverbal cognitive ability, exposure to general print, exposure to popularized scientific literature, and the ability to comprehend texts distinguished by the number of inferences that must be generated to support comprehension. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that a combined measure of exposure to general and scientific literature was a significant predictor of syllogistic reasoning ability. Additionally, the ability to comprehend high-inference-load texts was related to solving syllogisms that were inconsistent with world knowledge, indicating an overlap in deductive reasoning skill and text comprehension processes.
Do v-3 PUFAs affect insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner ? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 1 , 2

Background: Evidence has suggested that omega-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improve obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR); however, results from human intervention trials have been equivocal. Recently it has been reported that n–3 PUFA status is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in women but not in men, suggesting a sex-dependent effect. Objective:We aimed to determine whether n–3 PUFA interventions affect IR in a sex-dependent manner. Design: Five databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Pre-Medline) for randomized controlled trials. Searches were limited to the English language and to studies with adults aged . 18 y. When possible, studies were pooled for a meta-analysis. The principle summary measure was the standardized mean difference (SMD) between groups. Results: Thirty-one eligible trials were identified with a total of 1848 participants [men: 45.1%; weighted mean 6 SD age: 52.5 6 8.2 y; weighted body mass index (in kg/m): 28.8 6 3.0]. Seven studies were conducted in women, 4 studies were conducted in men, and the remaining studies pooled men and women together. Twenty-six trials were pooled for the meta-analysis (men: n = 2; women: n = 6). With all studies (n = 26) pooled, there was no effect of n–3 PUFA on IR at the group level (SMD: 0.089; 95% CI:20.105, 0.283; P = 0.367). In trials of$6 wk, a significant improvement in IR was seen in women (SMD: 20.266; 95% CI: 20.524, 20.007; P = 0.045) but not in men (SMD: 0.619; 95% CI:20.583, 1.820; P = 0.313). Conclusions: With this analysis, we provide preliminary evidence of a sex-dependent response of IR to an n–3 PUFA intervention. Additional studies are needed to confirm sex-dependent associations and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that are involved. This trial was registered at www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42015017940. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116. 138172.
Migration Control and Migrant Fatalities at the Spanish-African Borders

This article addresses the dynamics of migration control along the Spanish-African borders and the associated problem of migrant deaths. The past decade and a half has seen rising numbers of migration attempts, large investments in control measures, and resulting geographical and organizational responses on the part of smugglers. Advanced surveillance and interception infrastructure on the border is a necessary but far from sufficient element in controlling unauthorized migration. The growth in the number of migrant deaths seems to result from an increased number of migration attempts. The risk of dying in the attempt appears to be constant or slightly falling.
Kriolu Scenes in Lisbon: Where Migration Experiences and Housing Policy Meet

Since the early 1990s, the Lisbon housing authorities have targeted “improvised” neighborhoods (e.g., poorly serviced neighborhoods with limited infrastructure) for removal or renewal into housing projects called “social” neighborhoods. Many of the neighborhoods undergoing transition are inhabited by Kriolu-speaking Portuguese of Cape Verdean descent. I analyze residents’ responses to these changes, particularly the responses of young male rappers. My analysis reveals that rap music in these transforming neighborhoods is a means for making “Kriolu scenes” — expressions highlighting Cape Verdeans’ experiences of Portuguese colonialism, postcolonialism, marginalization due to language and race, and now urban displacement. They are also expressions of belonging and cultural citizenship, and exercises of emplacement within the changing city. Kriolu scenes highlight an important but underappreciated role that language plays in shaping urban space. Methodologically, I draw from archival research, fieldwork in Lisbon neighborhoods, and interviews with local rappers of Cape Verdean descent.
On Being a Child of an Ill Parent: A Rorschach Investigation of Adaptation to Parental Cancer Compared to Other Illnesses

Cancer in a parent has a devastating effect on the psychological well-being of the children. In this comparative study, we examined the hypothesis that children who have a parent suffering from cancer experience greater difficulty in terms of psychological adaptation than children with a parent suffering from another chronic pathology. A group of 52 children of parents with cancer was compared with a group of 50 children whose parents were suffering from another chronic disease (respiratory insufficiency, diabetes) (mean age = 12.3 ± 2.8 years, 46 boys, 56 girls). All the children took part in a Rorschach Comprehensive System examination. Results showed that the children who had a parent suffering from cancer exhibited a higher number of signs of anxiety and depressive affects as well as reduced self-esteem. These difficulties were more pronounced in the case of girls and when it was the mother who was suffering from cancer. These results confirm the data reported in the literature in a large sample and u.
In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI

The recent discovery of active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in adult humans has opened new avenues for obesity research and treatment, as reduced BAT activity seem to be implicated in human energy imbalance, diabetes, and hypertension. However, clinical applications are currently limited by the lack of non-invasive tools for measuring mass and function of this tissue in humans. Here we present a new magnetic resonance imaging method based on the normally invisible intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence 1H MR signal. This method, which doesn’t require special hardware modifications, can be used to overcome partial volume effect, the major limitation of MR-based approaches that are currently being investigated for the detection of BAT in humans. With this method we can exploit the characteristic cellular structure of BAT to selectively image it, even when (as in humans) it is intimately mixed with other tissues. We demonstrate and validate this method in mice using PET scans and histology. We compare this methodology with conventional 1H MR fat fraction methods. Finally, we investigate its feasibility for the detection of BAT in humans.
Inflammatory caspases: key regulators of inflammation and cell death

Abstract The innate immune system represents the first line of defence against infectious agents, and co-ordinates cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in effective inflammatory and anti-microbial responses against pathogens. Infection and cellular stress trigger assembly of canonical and noncanonical inflammasome complexes that activate the inflammatory caspases-1 and -11, respectively. These inflammatory caspases play key roles in innate immune responses by inducing pyroptosis to halt intracellular replication of pathogens, and by engaging the extracellular release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and danger signals. In addition, the inflammatory caspases-4, -5 and -11 were recently shown to directly bind microbial components. Although the immune roles of caspase-12 are debated, it was proposed to dampen inflammatory responses by interfering with caspase-1 activation and other innate immune pathways. Here, we recapitulate the reported roles of inflammatory caspases with an emphasis on recent insights into their biological functions.
Phonological versus morphological rules: on German Umlaut and Ablaut

This paper addresses the relationship between phonology and morphology, using the vowel alternations of Standard German Umlaut and Ablaut as relevant examples. Umlaut is analysed as a completely unified process of vowel fronting which can be found in a wide variety of morphologically derived environments. A number of non-linear phonological analyses of Umlaut, involving a floating feature, are presented and compared. While Umlaut is interpreted, in current analyses, as a morphological rule, the present paper argues for its status as a lexical phonological rule. Ablaut, on the other hand, is, synchronically, a totally unpredictable vowel change found mostly in the paradigms of so-called strong verbs. On the grounds of its internal and external behaviour, it is argued that this phenomenon must receive a completely different description by means of additional specifications for lexical entries.
Preschool teachers’ informal online professional development in relation to educational use of tablets in Swedish preschools

This paper focuses on preschool teachers’ use of online social networks for discussions about tablets in preschools. Posts initiating discussions (n = 465) were analysed to increase understanding of what questions tablets raise among preschool teachers and to understand online communication from a professional development perspective. Posts were analysed using thematic analysis in combination with the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge framework, which illustrates what kind of knowledge teachers need in order to teach efficiently with technology. The results indicate that traditional means of professional development are frequently discussed but that the newness of tablets in preschools makes it difficult for preschool teachers to find support in research, training and literature. Thus, communication can partly be described as collegial support. Questions often aim at urgent and specific forms of desired knowledge, possibly challenging to address by acts of reading literature, attending courses or lectures. Furthermore, market interests become visible, as providers of services and products promote lectures, books, websites and applications. As rapidly changing technologies enter the preschool practice, it seems that preschool teachers will increasingly be dependent on more direct and flexible forms of professional development.
Possibilities and challenges in teachers’ collegial learning

This paper reports a set of findings from a larger research study undertaken on Physical Education (PE) teachers’ career-long professional learning in Greece. In total, nine case study PE teachers participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with the teachers. The data were analysed using a constructivist approach to grounded theory. Most of the teachers had engaged in collegial learning (with “trusted” colleagues) and identified it as supportive, particularly early in their careers. Nevertheless, structural constraints limited the ways in which collegial learning could be progressed, resulting in teachers who – in some cases – developed resilient yet isolated learner identities. However, most teachers in this study thought positively about the possibility of engaging in more structured collaborative learning opportunities. Decoding and explaining the contextual reality of Greek schools is a vital step in the process of introducing new forms of continuing professional development (CPD).
Students' Characteristics that Facilitate the Transfer from Two-Year to Four-Year Colleges.

This article investigates the relative importance of social and academic background factors on the probability of transfer to a four-year college for a random sample of 2,500 students who entered community college within two years of graduation from high school in 1980. By four years after graduation from high school, 24.3 percent of those students had transferred to a four-year college. Factors describing the students' academic performance in community college were the strongest predictors of the eventual transfer in a path analysis design, but family background and high school factors exerted important indirect effects. Although broader access to community colleges may appear to increase educational opportunities for socially and academically disadvantaged students, the fact that more advanced students with better academic preparation in high school actually transfer to four-year colleges suggests that the community college experience may perpetuate, rather than ameliorate, social stratification in higher education.
On the Relationship between Attitudes and Values: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Self-Monitoring and Self-Monitoring Schematicity

The moderating effect of self-monitoring on the relation between values and attitudes, and the extent to which self-monitoring schematicity accentuates this relationship were examined in a computer-assisted telephone interview (CATJ) survey. Subjects were polled on two policy issues, on their endorsement of values related to these issues, and on their self-monitoring tendencies. Response latency to the self-monitoring questions formed the self-monitoring schematicity index. Values predicted attitudes to a greater extent for low than for high self-monitors. Moreover, individuals who quickly answered questions about their self-monitoring tendencies (schematic low and high self-monitors) behaved more consistently with the tenets of the construct than individuals who answered the questions slowly. The implications of these results for theorizing about the influence of values on attitudes and for the role of schematicity in self-assessment in the personality domain are discussed.
Smoking-attributable deaths and potential years of life lost from a large, representative study in China

Objectives To provide a more accurate estimate of early smoking-attributable mortality and potential years of life lost using data from a representative study of 103 study areas in China. Methods Two datasets were employed as follows. Firstly, retrospective national mortality survey data, which included a population of 67 million in 103 study areas, and about 1 million adults who died in 1986–1988; secondly, nationally representative case-control comparative data was extracted from the survey data to measure the effect of smoking on age trends in smoking-attributable mortality. Potential years of life lost, and sex differences in life expectancy in smokers and non-smokers in the total population aged 35 and over were also estimated. Results Tobacco caused 11.2% (16.0% of men and 3.7% of women) of total deaths in 1987, and more than two-thirds of these excess deaths occurred between the ages of 50 and 74 years, but only less than 5% excess deaths occurred at ages under 50. Although life expectancies varied with region or sex differences, the years of life lost attributable to smoking was almost the same. Smokers at age 35 lost about 3 years of life expectancy in comparison with never smokers. The study also confirmed that more than 50% of the sex difference in life expectancy was accounted for by smoking. Conclusion Fully understanding the consequences of smoking in relation to mortality can clarify its effects on the health and longevity of the entire population.
Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Significance The ability to resist impulsive responses matures late in life, after puberty. This longitudinal study of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys shows that behavioral response inhibition improves not because the adult prefrontal cortex is better able to inhibit the effects of a prepotent stimulus but rather because it can more readily form an alternative plan of action. The finding is revealing about the nature of cognitive maturation and the conditions in which it is impaired that have clinical and social implications. Executive functions including behavioral response inhibition mature after puberty, in tandem with structural changes in the prefrontal cortex. Little is known about how activity of prefrontal neurons relates to this profound cognitive development. To examine this, we tracked neuronal responses of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys as they transitioned from puberty into adulthood and compared activity at different developmental stages. Performance of the antisaccade task greatly improved in this period. Among neural mechanisms that could facilitate it, reduction of stimulus-driven activity, increased saccadic activity, or enhanced representation of the opposing goal location, only the latter was evident in adulthood. Greatly accentuated in adults, this neural correlate of vector inversion may be a prerequisite to the formation of a motor plan to look away from the stimulus. Our results suggest that the prefrontal mechanisms that underlie mature performance on the antisaccade task are more strongly associated with forming an alternative plan of action than with suppressing the neural impact of the prepotent stimulus.
Party System Change

I argue that the costs of entry, benefits of office and the probability of receiving electoral support, i.e. the strategic entry calculation by new party elites, determine new party emergence. The model is tested using pooled time-series cross-sectional data from 22 OECD countries for elections held between 1960 and 2002. The results show that new parties are more frequent when the institutional structures are permissive (the cost of entry is low), the corporatist arrangements are weak or non-existent (the benefit of entry is high) and the electoral histories of the incumbents are short (the probability of attracting votes is high). The last two factors interact in their relationship with the number of new parties, as presumed by the theory.
Data driven approach for performance assessment of linear and nonlinear Kalman filters

A new technique is developed for assessing the performance of linear and nonlinear Kalman filter based state estimators. The proposed metric will indicate the performance of these state estimators which will be primarily influenced by: (i) difference between the model dynamics and process dynamics and, (ii) various approximations of the nonlinear plant dynamics used in nonlinear Kalman filters. Currently, there exists no such quantification method to analyze the performance of linear and nonlinear Kalman filters, a key requirement for improvement and a practical benchmark for comparison of these state estimation algorithms. The proposed technique uses the generalized Hurst exponent of the prediction errors (difference in measured output and a posteriori estimates) obtained from the state estimators to quantify the performance. This technique could be implemented on-line as it requires only plant operating data and the predicted outputs (from the linear and nonlinear Kalman filters) to assess the performance. Several simulation studies demonstrate the applicability of the proposed performance metric to both linear and non-linear Kalman filters.