Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular gas in QSO host galaxies at z > 5

We present observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer of three QSOs at z > 5 aimed at detecting molecular gas in their host galaxies as traced by CO transitions. CO (5-4) is detected in SDSS J033829.31+002156.3 at z = 5.0267, placing it amongst the most distant sources detected in CO. The CO emission is unresolved with a beam size of ∼1", implying that the molecular gas is contained within a compact region, less than ∼3 kpc in radius. We infer an upper limit on the dynamical mass of the CO emitting region of ∼3× 1010 M ⊙ /sin(i) 2 . The comparison with the Black Hole mass inferred from near-IR data suggests that the BH-to-bulge mass ratio in this galaxy is significantly higher than in local galaxies. From the CO luminosity we infer a mass reservoir of molecular gas as high as M(H 2 ) = 2.2 x 1010 M ⊙ , implying that the molecular gas accounts for a significant fraction of the dynamical mass. When compared to the star formation rate derived from the far-IR luminosity, we infer a very short gas exhaustion timescale (∼10 7 years), comparable to the dynamical timescale. CO is not detected in the other two QSOs (SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 and SDSS J163033.90+401209.6) and upper limits are given for their molecular gas content. When combined with CO observations of other type 1 AGNs, spanning a wide redshift range (0 5) the CO luminosity appears to saturate. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of black hole-galaxy co-evolution.
Linear forcing in numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence

Numerical simulations of forced isotropic turbulence are most often formulated in Fourier space, where forcing is applied to low-wavenumber modes. For applications in physical space, low-wavenumber forcing is difficult to implement. The linear forcing recently proposed by Lundgren [“Linearly forced isotropic turbulence,” in Annual Research Briefs (Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, 2003), pp. 461–473], where a force proportional to velocity is applied, is an attractive alternative but not much is known about its properties. Using numerical experimentation, various properties of the linear forcing are explored: (i) it is shown that when implemented in physical space, linear forcing gives the same results as in spectral implementations; (ii) it is shown that the linearly forced system converges to a stationary state that depends on domain size and Reynolds number, but not on the spectral shape of the initial condition; (iii) it is also shown that the extent of Kolmogorov −5∕3 range is similar to that.
Differential willingness of household heads to pay community-based health insurance premia for themselves and other household members.

OBJECTIVE This study compares household heads' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for community-based health insurance (CBI) for themselves with their WTP for other household members, in order to provide information for policy makers on setting the premium and choosing the enrollment unit. METHOD A random sample of 698 heads of households was interviewed in the northwest of Burkina Faso and a bidding game approach was used to elicit WTP. Factors associated with differences in WTP were identified, including characteristics of the household head and of the household. RESULTS Mean WTP by the heads of households for insurance for themselves (3575 CFA) was twice their mean WTP per capita for the household as a whole (1759 CFA). The old have a lower WTP than the young, females have lower WTP than males, the poor have a lower WTP than the rich, and that those with less schooling have a lower WTP than those with more years of schooling. CONCLUSION The differences in household heads' WTP for insurance for themselves and their WTP to insure their households as a whole need to be considered when setting the insurance premium. WTP information can assist decision makers with the complex problem of choosing the enrollment unit and setting the premium.
V945 Centauri = HD 112409: a bright hot short-period binary in a triple system?

A detailed analysis of multicolour Geneva photometry and high-resolution echelle spectroscopy of the B8.5V star V945 Cen (HD 112409, V = 5. m 2) whose short-term periodic variability was first detected from the HIPPARCOS data, led to the finding that the object is an ellipsoidal variable and a close double-lined spectroscopic binary with a 0. d 6496 orbital period and a circular orbit. The components have spectral types B7 and B8.5 and are both main-sequence objects. The system is detached but close to a contact configuration and is observed at an inclination of ∼23–24 ◦ . A notable finding is that the optical spectrum also contains a third system of spectral lines corresponding to a late B spectral type that remained stationary during the 5 days of spectral observations. From several independent lines of reasoning, we tentatively conclude that the third spectrum belongs to a real third body in the system. However, the possibility that it instead originates in circumbinary gas cannot be excluded completely, and additional spectral and interferometric observations are required to help us determine its origin conclusively.
An educational-psychological theory of interest and its relation to SDT.

In everyday thinking as well as in educational and psychological discussions of learning and development, the concept of interest plays an important role. One of the earliest theories of interest was developed by Herbart at the beginning of the nineteenth century (1806/1965), and by the beginning of the twentieth century, well-known authors were postulating that being interested was not only an important motivational condition for effective learning but was also central to people's personality and self-concept (Arnold, 1906; Berlyne, 1949; Claparede, 1905; Dewey, 1913; Thorndike, 1935). However, in the middle of this century, although the interest concept was still prominent in vocational training research, there was a noticeable decline in interest-related research in the field of learning and development.
Sampling the Antibiotic Resistome

Microbial resistance to antibiotics currently spans all known classes of natural and synthetic compounds. It has not only hindered our treatment of infections but also dramatically reshaped drug discovery, yet its origins have not been systematically studied. Soil-dwelling bacteria produce and encounter a myriad of antibiotics, evolving corresponding sensing and evading strategies. They are a reservoir of resistance determinants that can be mobilized into the microbial community. Study of this reservoir could provide an early warning system for future clinically relevant antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
Trends in physician assignment rates for Medicare services, 1968-85

This article provides an overview of trends in Medicare assignment rates. It covers changes over time in assignment by demographic characteristics and State and analyzes beneficiary liability. Although assignment rates were rising slowly from 1977 to 1983, beneficiary liability was also rising, primarily because of the rise in physician charges and the reduction on allowed charges. Substantial increases in the assignment rate have coincided with the implementation of provisions in the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 to encourage assignment, and the assignment rate reached an all time high of 69 percent in 1985.
Top-k diversity queries over bounded regions

Top-k diversity queries over objects embedded in a low-dimensional vector space aim to retrieve the best k objects that are both relevant to given user's criteria and well distributed over a designated region. An interesting case is provided by spatial Web objects, which are produced in great quantity by location-based services that let users attach content to places and are found also in domains like trip planning, news analysis, and real estate. In this article we present a technique for addressing such queries that, unlike existing methods for diversified top-k queries, does not require accessing and scanning all relevant objects in order to find the best k results. Our Space Partitioning and Probing (SPP) algorithm works by progressively exploring the vector space, while keeping track of the already seen objects and of their relevance and position. The goal is to provide a good quality result set in terms of both relevance and diversity. We assess quality by using as a baseline the result set computed by MMR, one of the most popular diversification algorithms, while minimizing the number of accessed objects. In order to do so, SPP exploits score-based and distance-based access methods, which are available, for instance, in most geo-referenced Web data sources. Experiments with both synthetic and real data show that SPP produces results that are relevant and spatially well distributed, while significantly reducing the number of accessed objects and incurring a very low computational overhead.
Investigations of the functional mechanisms underlying communication between the cerebellum and the hippocampus

Diese Dissertation behandelt zwei unterschiedliche Funktionen des Hippokampus. Plastizitatsverbundene Proteine sind involviert in hippokampus-abhangiges Lernen. Wir haben in frei beweglichen Tieren gezeigt, dass diese Proteine nur in bestimmten Formen von Plastizitat eine Rolle spielen, wobei BDNF fur schwache Formen und GluN2B fur robuste Formen von Plastizitat wichtig ist. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit diente zur Untersuchung einer funktionellen Verbindung zwischen dem Hippokampus und dem Cerebellum. Dabei haben wir gezeigt, dass gezielte Stimulation der Kleinhirnkerne synaptische Plastizitat in der CA1 Region des Hippokampus auslost. Simultane Stimulation der Kleinhirnkerne und Objektprasentation wahrend eines Verhaltenstest zeigt, dass die Verarbeitung von Objekt-Raum Verknupfungen im Hippokampus durch Kleinhirnstimulation moduliert wird. Abschliesend haben wir gezeigt, dass BDNF und GluN2B in der Kommunikation zwischen Cerebellum und Hippokampus involviert sind.
Outcomes of Sustained-Release Formulation of Valproate and Topiramate Monotherapy in Patients with Epilepsy: A Multi-Centre, Cohort Study

Background New-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) tend to replace traditional AEDs as the first-line choice for epilepsy. However, whether this change results in better outcome, especially in China, remains unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Two broad spectrum AEDs, the traditional drug of sustained-release formulation of valproate (SRVPA) and the new-generation drug of topiramate, were compared in patients with epilepsy as monotherapy in this multi-centre, observational cohort study from 2000 to 2011. The primary outcome was time to treatment failure. The secondary outcomes included time to first seizure, time to 12-month remission, and time to 24-month remission. Drug tolerability was assessed. Cox proportional hazard models (95% confidence interval [CI]) were used to analyse the relative risks expressed as hazard ratios (HR). Of the 1008 recruited patients, 519 received SRVPA and 489 received topiramate. SRVPA was better than topiramate (28.3% vs. 41.5%; HR = 0.62, [95% CI 0.49–0.77]; p<0.0001) in primary outcome, and in time to first seizure (56.1% vs. 69.3%; HR = 0.73, [95% CI 0.62–0.86]; p = 0.0002). No significant difference was observed between two groups in time to 12-month remission (52.6% vs. 42.5%; HR = 1.01, [95% CI 0.84–1.23]; p = 0.88) and time to 24-month remission (34.7% vs. 25.2%; HR = 1.11, [95% CI 0.88–1.42]; p = 0.38). 36 patients (6.9%) in SRVPA group and 37 patients (7.6%) in topiramate group presented treatment failure associated with intolerable adverse events, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.70). Conclusions The SRVPA is more suitable than topiramate for Chinese epileptic patients, and our results support the viewpoint that traditional AEDs should be the first-line choice for epilepsy rather than new-generation AEDs.
An assessment of the role of Hong Kong schools in promoting civic learning

Abstract Hong Kong underwent tremendous changes after the transfer of its sovereignty to China in 1997. This study attempts to explore the changing role of schools in preparing students for future democratic citizenship in the post-colonial era. Different researchers have postulated that schools play a crucial role in the political socialization process in meeting the developmental needs of adolescents. A mixed-method sequential explanatory research design was adopted to assess the effectiveness of Hong Kong schools in promoting civic learning. The significance of the present study was to analyse the school context by using the assessment framework from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Civic Education Study (CivEd) to generate citizenship education studies. An extensive review of research related to the role of schools through formal and informal curricula was conducted. This process helped extend the current understanding of the effectiveness of the political socialization in secondary schools in Hong Kong and contributed to the further development of the research on political socialization in the Chinese context. The findings from this study would help educators or policy makers rethink the future role of schools in citizenship education.
7. Is Sustainable Forestry Economically Possible? Figure 1: Typology of Forest Uses Short-term Long-term Table 1: Motivations for Stakeholder Preferences for Forest Land Use Motivations for Land Use Preference by Stakeholder

Concern about the rate at which the world’s forests are being depleted is widespread. Recent international calls for radical efforts to reduce deforestation include the United Nations Inter-governmental Forum on Forests of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (1999), and the World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development (1999). This concern reflects an appreciation of the ecological and economic functions of forests: as providers of timber and many non-timber predicts, as the habitat for much of the world’s biological diversity, and as regulators of local, regional and global environments. These functions are at risk. Most of the forest clearance is in areas of high forest cover and high human population pressure in tropical areas for agriculture. In temperate and boreal areas the pressures from logging are more important. But in all areas, forestry itself has an important role to play both as a partial cause of deforestation, and, if practiced wisely, as a potential source of salvation for at least some of the world’s forests. In terms of its causal role, forestry tends to open up primary forest areas, enabling colonists to move in, using roads forged by the timber companies. In some parts of the world, forests are converted not to agriculture but to biomass plantations of fast growing trees or to other agro-industries based on tree-crop plantations such as palm oil and rubber. Here the primary agent is not the peasant, but the richer elements of local and international society.
The Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Employees' Virtual Loafing and Cynic Behaviors

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether the managers’ authentic leadership styles affect employees’ organizational cynicism and virtual loafing behavior. The sample of the study consists of 208 administrative staff at Ahi Evran University. According to the results of the study, it is clear that the authentic leadership reduces organizational cynicism and does not reduce the virtual loafing; and organizational cynicism behaviors have an increasing effect on virtual loafing. Sample of the research consists of administrative personnel working at Ahi Evran University located in Kırşehir. First of all, descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted related to the hypotheses tests. The results of these analyses revealed that a negative relationship existed between authentic leadership and organizational cynism, while there was a positive relationship between organizational cynism and virtual loafing. Moreover, no negative relation was found between authentic leadership and virtual loafing, which was one of the hypotheses of the research.
Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P = 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.
A Case Study of Using Metacognitive Reflections to Enhance Writing Skills and Strategies in an Agricultural Media Writing Course

Writing is a foundational skill in agricultural communications, and metacognition the learning and understanding of such skill. Integrating reflection into a writing course is one way to enhance students’ metacognition and metacognitive awareness as reflection provides writers an opportunity to become a critic of their writing experiences. However, what happens when students reflect on their metacognitive awareness during and throughout the writing process? Using a qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we interpreted 16 students’ metacognitive writing reflections at four points in an advanced media writing course. We identified and analyzed emergent themes from the reflections and measured the frequency of each theme over the duration of the course. Three major themes emerged: a) metacognitive awareness of writing skills, b) metacognitive awareness of writing strategies, and c) metacognitive awareness of knowledge transfer. A total of 13 sub-themes were identified further characterizing the themes. Interviewing (a writing skill) emerged more in the third reflection than any other time, and revision (a writing strategy) emerged more at the beginning and end of the course than in the middle. Additionally, participants reflected less about outcomes (a component of knowledge transfer) at the end of the course and more about their plans for the future. Findings support the value of metacognitive reflections as a transformational instruction tool. Practitioners and writing instructors in agricultural communications should be cognizant of skills, strategies, and knowledge transfer as they plan and implement writing education and be adaptive and flexible to meet students’ changing metacognitive awareness.
New paleomagnetic constraints on central Asian kinematics: Displacement along the Altyn Tagh fault and rotation of the Qaidam Basin

In order to better understand the tectonic evolution of central Asia under the influence of the India‐Asia collision, we carried out a paleomagnetic study of 1500 cores from 106 sites along the Altyn Tagh fault, in the Qaidam and Tarim basins, and on the Tibetan plateau. Samples were mainly collected from Jurassic to Neogene siltstones and sandstones. In most cases stepwise thermal demagnetization unblocks low and high temperature components carried by magnetite and hematite. Low temperature components are north and down directed and lie close to the recent geomagnetic field. High temperature components from 10 of 13 age/locality groups pass fold and/or reversal tests and likely represent primary remanent magnetizations. The ten overall mean directions display a complex pattern of vertical‐axis block rotations that are compatible with a tectonic model of clockwise rotation of the Qaidam Basin and concomitant left‐lateral slip on the Altyn Tagh fault. Two of the ten localities are rotated significantly counterclockwise; they lie adjacent to the Altyn Tagh fault zone, consistent with the idea that left‐lateral strike‐slip motion occurred along it. The age of counterclockwise rotation near the eastern extremity of the fault was dated as younger than 19 Ma. Three widely spread areas within the Qaidam Basin exhibit similar and significant clockwise rotations, on the order of 20°, with respect to the North China Block, Tarim and Eurasia. The mean of the three values is thought to represent the total rotation of Qaidam. Because the youngest rocks displaying clockwise rotations are Oligocene, the main phase of Qaidam Basin rotation, and hence shear on the Altyn Tagh fault, took place after or near the end of the Oligocene (∼24 Ma). Upper Neogene strata located on the Qaidam Basin are not significantly rotated, thus tectonic deformation acting since the Upper Neogene (∼5 Ma) is not resolvable by paleomagnetic methods. Given a 20° ± 5° clockwise rotation of the Qaidam Basin with respect to the Tarim Basin, the maximum left‐lateral displacement on the Altyn Tagh fault since 24 Ma is 500 ± 130 km.
Simulation and Analysis of Three Flood Management Strategies

This report describes an integrated flood catastrophe model as well as some results of a case study made in the upper Tisza region in northeastern Hungary: the Palad-Csecsei basin (the pilot basin). The background data was provided through the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and complemented by interviews with different stakeholders in the region. Based upon these data, where a large degree of uncertainty is prevailing, we demonstrate how an implementation of a simulation and decision analytical model can provide insights into the effects of imposing different policy options for a flood risk management program in the region. We focus herein primarily on general options for designing a public-private insurance and reinsurance system for Hungary. Obviously, this is a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder problem and cannot be solved using standard approaches. It should however be emphasized that the main purpose of this report is not to provide any definite recommendations, but rather to explore a set of policy packages that could gain a consensus among the stakeholders.
Effects of Reasoning Ability on Field Goal Shooting Skills of Female Basketball Players

In the present study, field goal shooting skills of female basketball players were assessed in the background to their reasoning ability. The sample consists of 100 female intercollegiate basketball players (age = 21.05±1.67 yrs.). Shooting skills and reasoning ability were assessed by Johnson’s “Basketball Field Goal Speed Shooting Test” and Mixed Type Group Test of Intelligence prepared by Mehrotra (1984), respectively. Results reveal that field goal shooting ability of female basketball players exhibiting superior reasoning ability was found to be significantly better as compared to field goal shooting ability of female basketball players with low and average reasoning ability. It was concluded that shooting skills of female basketball players is influenced by their cognitive ability i.e. ability to rationalize problems in proper sequence.