Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TBC1D13 is a RAB35 Specific GAP that Plays an Important Role in GLUT4 Trafficking in Adipocytes

Insulin stimulates glucose transport in adipocytes by triggering translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane (PM) and several Rabs including Rab10 have been implicated in this process. To delineate the molecular regulation of this pathway, we conducted a TBC/RabGAP overexpression screen in adipocytes. This identified TBC1D13 as a potent inhibitor of insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation without affecting other trafficking pathways. To determine the potential Rab substrate for TBC1D13 we conducted a yeast two‐hybrid screen and found that the GTP bound forms of Rabs 1 and 10 specifically interacted with TBC1D13 but not with eight other TBC proteins. Surprisingly, a comprehensive in vitro screen for TBC1D13 GAP activity revealed Rab35 but not Rab10 as a specific substrate. TBC1D13 also displayed in vivo GAP activity towards Rab35. Overexpression of constitutively active Rab35 but not constitutively active Rab10 reversed the block in insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation observed with TBC1D13 overexpression. These studies implicate an important role for Rab35 in insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes.
Early results of CyberKnife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECT The authors describe a method that utilizes an image-guided robotic radiosurgical apparatus (the CyberKnife) for treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This procedure required the development of an original technique that allows a high degree of automation. METHODS Angiographic images were imported into the treatment planning software by coregistering CT and 3D rotational angiography. The nidus contour was delineated using the contouring tools of the treatment planning system. Functional MR imaging was employed for contouring critical cortical regions, such as the motor cortex and language areas. Once the radiation dose to be delivered to the target volume and dose constraints to critical structures were prescribed, the inverse treatment planning function determined the optimal treatment plan. RESULTS A series of 279 patients with cerebral AVMs underwent CyberKnife radiosurgery. One transitory adverse effect of the radiation procedure was observed. Eight bleeding occurrences were noted before complete AVM obliteration. Of the 102 patients with follow-up > 36 months, 80 underwent angiographic evaluation. In this group, 65 patients (81.2%) showed complete angiographic obliteration of their AVM. In 8 more patients, complete angiographic obliteration was demonstrated by MR angiography only. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report describing a technique developed for CyberKnife radiosurgery of cerebral AVMs. The use of different imaging modalities for automatic delineation of the target and critical structures combined with the employment of the inverse treatment planning capability is the crucial point of the procedure. The procedure proved to be safe and efficient.
Berberine Inhibits Doxorubicin-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via Attenuating Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increasing Bcl-2 Expression

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important event in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protection of berberine (Ber) against DOX- triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and rats. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Ber attenuated DOX-induced cellular injury and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, Ber has no significant effect on viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with DOX. Ber reduced caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not caspase-8 activity in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Ber decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and p53 phosphorylation at 2 h, cytosolic cytochrome c and mitochondrial Bax levels and increased Bcl-2 level at 6 h in DOX-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, also suppressed p53 phosphorylation and apoptosis in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. DOX stimulation for 30 min led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a rise in the AMP/ATP ratio. Ber markedly reduced DOX-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio at 1 h and 2 h post DOX exposure. In in vivo experiments, Ber significantly improved survival, increased stroke volume and attenuated myocardial injury in DOX-challenged rats. TUNEL and Western blot assays showed that Ber not only decreased myocardial apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, AMPKα and p53 phosphorylation, but also increased Bcl-2 expression in myocardium of rats exposed to DOX for 84 h. These findings indicate that Ber attenuates DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via protecting mitochondria, inhibiting an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio and AMPKα phosphorylation as well as elevating Bcl-2 expression, which offer a novel mechanism responsible for protection of Ber against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
A soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer scheme for the modeling of water and energy balance processes in high latitudes: 2. Application and validation

In support of the overall scientific objective of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), which encompasses the improved understanding of the interactions between the boreal forest and the atmosphere, a process-based water and energy balance model is applied to observed forcing data, and the results are presented and discussed. Observed tower forcing and validation data are analyzed. A consistent diurnal pattern in the energy balance closure of the validation data is obtained. Simulations are performed for a number of BOREAS flux tower sites. The model successfully simulates the temporally averaged Bowen ratio and the evaporative part of precipitation over the different BOREAS flux tower sites during the 1994 and 1996 intensive field campaigns. At finer temporal scales a small phase shift in sensible heat flux and net radiation exists between the observed and model-derived quantities. The ground heat flux is found to be slightly larger than the observations during the course of the day. It is suggested that the sensitivity of the model to parameters such as the moss thickness, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity is responsible for these differences. The moss moisture content and the different components of the energy balance were very well matched for a continuous simulation during 1996. Overall, the accuracy performance of the model is equivalent to the accuracy of the input forcing data.
Instrumented Impact Cone Penetrometer

This thesis deals with the formulation of an analytical model applicable to low velocity impact penetration problems of soil media and the development of an instrumented impact cone penetrometer for measuring in situ strength properties of soil targets. -- A penetration theory based on momentum considerations is developed for a cone-tipped right circular cylinder impacting on a C-o soil target. A relationship is established between the instantaneous velocity, various 'static' and 'dynamic' soil properties, penetrometer characteristics and the instantaneous depth of penetration. It is assumed that impact causes shear failure and the resistance to the motion of penetrometer is provided by the inertial resistance of the accelerated soil mass plus the dynamic soil resistive force distributed over the base and shaft of the penetrometer. The soil resistive force is calculated on the basis of plastic theory modified for 'dynamic' conditions and extending the previous analysis for the ‘static' condition. The relationship obtained , in addition to providing the velocity profile and the maximum depth of penetration, can also be used for estimating the 'static’ soil strength properties although only under idealized conditions. -- The penetrometer utilised, in addition to providing acceleration signatures (as obtained by previous investigators), is capable of recording cone thrust and local side friction simultaneously and continuously. The available test results indicate that with this system the ‘dynamic ‘strength profile, the soil type, location, and depth of different layers can be directly evaluated up to the penetrated depth. The procedure is outlined for estimating the static in situ strength profile from the 'dynamic' strength profile. The experimental results obtained in the laboratory under fully controlled conditions are in good agreement with proposed theoretical model. -- Tests conducted on terrestrial soils with a penetrometer developed for shallow depth exploration in marine environment demonstrate the potential value testing of the proposed instrument for in situ testing of marine sediments. Finally, the conceptual description of a marine impact penetrometer suitable for exploring great depths is discussed briefly.
Cochlear implantation in children younger than 2 years old.

OBJECTIVE To determine the viability of giving implants to children <2 years old and to assess the development of speech perception. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study with a follow-up period of 1-5 years. SETTING New York University Medical Center. PATIENTS The patients consisted of 11 consecutive profoundly deaf children, aged 14-23 months, who were given the Nucleus cochlear implant. METHODS Closed- and open-set speech perception were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively using the following measures: Early Speech Perception (ESP) test, the Northwestern University children's perception of speech test (NU-CHIPS), the Glendonald auditory screening procedure (GASP) word and sentence tests, the phonetically balanced kindergarten (PBK) word test, common phrases test, the multisyllabic lexical neighborhood test (MLNT), and the lexical neighborhood test (LNT). RESULTS Paired t test was used to examine changes in scores from the preoperative test interval to the last available postoperative assessment. Results indicate that all patients had significant improvement from preoperative performance to the last postoperative evaluation and were using oral language as their means of communication. There were no medical or surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS Children <2 years old receive substantial benefit from a multichannel cochlear implant with no increase in risk when compared with older children.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism

Background— Acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) carries an exceptionally high mortality rate. We explored how often adjunctive therapies, particularly thrombolysis and inferior vena caval (IVC) filter placement, were performed and how these therapies affected the clinical outcome of patients with massive PE. Methods and Results— Among 2392 patients with acute PE and known systolic arterial blood pressure at presentation, from the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER), 108 (4.5%) had massive PE, defined as a systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg, and 2284 (95.5%) had non–massive PE with a systolic arterial pressure ≥90 mm Hg. PE was first diagnosed at autopsy in 16 patients (15%) with massive PE and in 29 patients (1%) with non–massive PE (P<0.001). The 90-day mortality rates were 52.4% (95% CI, 43.3% to 62.1%) and 14.7% (95% CI, 13.3% to 16.2%), respectively. In-hospital bleeding complications occurred in 17.6% versus 9.7% and recurrent PE within 90 days in 12.6% and 7.6%, respectively (P<0.001). In patients with massive PE, thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy, or catheter embolectomy were withheld in 73 (68%). Thrombolysis was performed in 33 patients, surgical embolectomy in 3, and catheter embolectomy in 1. Thrombolytic therapy did not reduce 90-day mortality (thrombolysis, 46.3%; 95% CI, 31.0% to 64.8%; no thrombolysis, 55.1%; 95% CI, 44.3% to 66.7%; hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.43). Recurrent PE rates at 90 days were similar in patients with and without thrombolytic therapy (12% for both; P=0.99). None of the 11 patients who received an IVC filter developed recurrent PE within 90 days, and 10 (90.9%) survived at least 90 days. IVC filters were associated with a reduction in 90-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.85). Conclusions— In ICOPER, two thirds of the patients with massive PE did not receive thrombolysis or embolectomy. Counterintuitively, thrombolysis did not reduce mortality or recurrent PE at 90 days. The observed reduction in mortality from IVC filters requires further investigation.
Reproductive Performance, Milk Composition, Blood Metabolites and Hormone Profiles of Lactating Sows Fed Diets with Different Cereal and Fat Sources

Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to investigate their effects on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and hormones in multiparous sows. Twenty-four sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments according to a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates comprising 1 sow. Two cereal (corn or wheat) and two fat (tallow or soybean oil) sources were used to prepare iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Sows fed corn-based diets lost less body weight (p = 0.003) and backfat thickness (p = 0.034), consumed more feed (p = 0.032) and had shorter wean-to-estrus interval (p = 0.016) than sows fed wheat-based diets. Fewer piglets and lower body weight of piglets (p 0.05) of dietary fat source and its interaction with dietary cereal source on sow body condition and reproductive performance were observed during lactation. Feeding of a corn-based diet improved (p<0.05) sow milk total solid, protein and fat, increased blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.032) and triglyceride (p = 0.018), and decreased blood creatinine (p = 0.011) concentration at weaning when compared with sows fed wheat-based diets. Sows fed corn-based diets had higher concentration of insulin (p = 0.048) and LH (p<0.05) at weaning than sows fed wheat-based diets. The results indicate that feeding corn-based diets to lactating sows improved sow body condition and reproductive performance compared with wheat-based diets regardless of fat sources.
Effect of organ enhancement and habitus on estimation of unenhanced attenuation at contrast-enhanced dual-energy MDCT: concepts for individualized and organ-specific spectral iodine subtraction strategies.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess whether habitus and organ enhancement influence iodine subtraction and should be incorporated into spectral subtraction algorithms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 171 patients. In the unenhanced phase, MDCT was performed with single-energy acquisition (120 kVp, 250 mAs) and in the parenchymal phase with dual-energy acquisitions (80 kVp, 499 mAs; 140 kVp, 126 mAs). Habitus was determined by measuring trunk diameters and calculating circumference. Iodine subtraction was performed with input parameters individualized to muscle, fat, and blood ratio. Attenuation of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and aorta was assessed in truly and virtually unenhanced image series. Pearson analysis was performed to correlate habitus with the input parameters. Analysis of truly unenhanced and virtually unenhanced images was performed with the Student t test; magnitude of variation was evaluated with Bland-Altman plots. Correction strategies were derived from organ-specific regression analysis of scatterplots of truly unenhanced and virtually unenhanced attenuation and implemented in a pixel-by-pixel approach. Analysis of individual organ correction and truly unenhanced attenuation was performed with the Student t test. RESULTS The correlations between habitus and blood ratio (r = 0.694) and attenuation variation of fat at 80 kVp (r = -0.468) and 140 kV (r = -0.454) were confirmed. Although overall mean attenuation differed by no more than 10 HU between truly and virtually unenhanced scans overall, these differences varied by organ and were large in individual patients. Paired comparisons of truly and virtually unenhanced measurements differed significantly for liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and aortic blood pool (p < 0.001 for all comparisons), but paired comparisons of truly unenhanced and individually organ-corrected measurements did not differ when organ- and habitus-based correction strategies were applied (p > 0.38 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION Habitus and organ enhancement influence virtually unenhanced imaging and should be incorporated into spectral subtraction algorithms.
Within-Generation Mutation Variance for Litter Size in Inbred Mice

The mutational input of genetic variance per generation (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) \end{document}) is the lower limit of the genetic variability in inbred strains of mice, although greater values could be expected due to the accumulation of new mutations in successive generations. A mixed-model analysis using Bayesian methods was applied to estimate \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) \end{document} and the across-generation accumulated genetic variability on litter size in 46 generations of a C57BL/6J inbred strain. This allowed for a separate inference on \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) \end{document} and on the additive genetic variance in the base population (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{a}}^{2}\) \end{document}). The additive genetic variance in the base generation was 0.151 and quickly decreased to almost null estimates in generation 10. On the other hand, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) \end{document} was moderate (0.035) and the within-generation mutational variance increased up to generation 14, then oscillating between 0.102 and 0.234 in remaining generations. This pattern suggested the existence of a continuous uploading of genetic variability for litter size (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(h^{2}{=}0.045\) \end{document}). Relevant genetic drift was not detected in this population. In conclusion, our approach allowed for separate estimation of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{a}}^{2}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) \end{document} within the mixed-model framework, and the heritability obtained highlighted the significant and continuous influence of new genetic variability affecting the genetic stability of inbred strains.
Emotional variability and clarity in depression and social anxiety

ABSTRACT Recent research has underscored the importance of elucidating specific patterns of emotion that characterise mental disorders. We examined two emotion traits, emotional variability and emotional clarity, in relation to both categorical (diagnostic interview) and dimensional (self-report) measures of major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in women diagnosed with MDD only (n = 35), SAD only (n = 31), MDD and SAD (n = 26) or no psychiatric disorder (n = 38). Results of the categorical analyses suggest that elevated emotional variability and diminished emotional clarity are transdiagnostic of MDD and SAD. More specifically, emotional variability was elevated for MDD and SAD diagnoses compared to no diagnosis, showing an additive effect for co-occurring MDD and SAD. Similarly diminished levels of emotional clarity characterised all three clinical groups compared to the healthy control group. Dimensional findings suggest that although emotional variability is associated more consistently with depression than with social anxiety, emotional clarity is associated more consistently with social anxiety than with depression. Results are interpreted using a threshold and dose–response framework.
Radium and barium in the Amazon River system

Data for /sup 226/Ra and /sup 228/Ra in the Amazon River system show that the activity of each radium isotope is strongly correlated with barium concentrations. Two trends are apparent, one for rivers which drain shield areas and another for all other rivers. These data suggest that there has been extensive fractionation of U, Th, and Ba during weathering in the Amazon basin. The /sup 226/Ra data fit a flux model for the major ions indicating that /sup 226/Ra behaves conservatively along the main channel of the Amazon River.
The Effect of Ocean Dynamics and Orography on Atmospheric Storm Tracks

Abstract The control of atmospheric storm tracks by ocean dynamics, orography, and their interaction is investigated using idealized experiments with a simplified coupled atmosphere–ocean climate model. The study focuses on the quasi–steady state for the storm tracks in the Northern Hemisphere winter mean. The experiments start with a background state without mountains and ocean dynamics, and in separate stages include orography and a dynamic ocean to obtain a more realistic control simulation. The separate effects of ocean dynamics, orography, and their nonlinear interaction are identified for the storm tracks and the surface thermodynamic forcing over the ocean. The model study suggests that atmospheric storm tracks are a robust feature of the climate system, occurring at midlatitudes even if there is no orographic forcing or ocean heat transport. Ocean dynamics generally lead to a poleward shift in both the storm track and the maximum in atmospheric northward heat transport and induce a northeastward t.
Last interglacial‐glacial climatic cycle in loess‐palaeosol successions of north‐western France

The loess series at St. Pierre‐les‐Elbeuf and St. Sauflieu are key successions for the western European Quaternary stratigraphy. The present study proposes a detailed record of the last interglacial‐glacial climatic cycle at St. Pierre and its integration into the synthetic pedosedimentary record of north‐western France using detailed correlations with the type sections of St. Sauflieu and Achenheim. Finally, comparisons with the marine isotope, Greenland GRIP chronologies and dust records are proposed. At St. Pierre, the pedostratigraphic and sedimentological analyses (total iron, organic matter, carbonate, grain size), in association with low field magnetic susceptibility measurements, demonstrate that this loess succession records the major climatic events of the Upper Pleistocene. The basal soil complex at St. Pierre is similar to those from the main successions of North (St. Sauflieu) or Northeast France (Achenheim). It shows a Bt horizon of brown leached soil, a deeply reworked grey forest soil and two isohumic steppe soils separated by a non‐calcareous loess layer. This loess level corresponds to the first aeolian event clearly observed in the succession and can be correlated with Marker II of the Central European stratigraphy located around the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5/4 boundary. The main aeolian sedimentation starts after the soil complex and ends with the top soil (brown leached soil). Finally, a good parallel is observed between the strongest peaks of the dust records of the ice cores and the main period of loess deposition in St Pierre‐lès‐Elbeuf occurring during MIS 2.