Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperluminous infrared galaxies

39 galaxies are now known, from follow-up of faint IRAS sources and from submillimetre observations of high-redshift AGN, with far-infrared luminosities >1013 L⊙. 13 of these, which have been found in 60- or 850-μm surveys, form an important unbiased subsample. 12 have been found by comparison of 60-μm surveys with quasar or radio galaxy catalogues, or from infrared surveys with colour selection biased towards AGN, while a further 14 have been found through submillimetre observations of known high-redshift AGN. In this paper I argue, on the basis of detailed modelling of the spectral energy distributions of hyperluminous galaxies with accurate radiative transfer models, and from evidence of high gas mass in several cases, that the bulk of the emission from these galaxies at rest frame wavelengths ≥50 μm is caused by star formation. Even after correction for the effects of lensing, hyperluminous galaxies with emission peaking at rest frame wavelengths ≥50 μm are therefore undergoing star formation at rates >103 M⊙ yr−1 and are strong candidates for being primeval galaxies, in the process of a major episode of star formation.
The pragmatics and prosody of focused some in a corpus of spontaneous speech DRAFT –

Traditionally, a number of different phenomena have been studied under the focus heading, phenomena that could be in nature information structural (the focus vs. background distinction, information novelty vs. givenness, question-answer congruence, explicit contrast marking, explicit corrections), semantic (association with focus in focus-sensitive quantification, exhaustivity effects) or pragmatic (implicit contrast which triggers implicatures). While it may be possible to give a uniform semantic-pragmatic account for all these phenomena, the details are still debated. On the surface, what ties these phenomena together is that English-speaking linguists (and probably naive informants) perceive them as prominent. Intuitively, this psychoacoustic notion of prominence is tied to acoustic features such as intonational events, intensity, duration and vowel quality. But beyond this intuition that focus is linked to prominence, it is still not clear what the exact nature of this relationship is. Is the link grammatically mediated, wherein we would expect prominence to be a reliable, unfailing marker of focus, or is focus pragmatically inferred, and its acoustic markers a paralinguistic device akin to emphasis? Furthermore, if phonological prominence is the grammatical marker of focus in English, are different kinds of focus phenomena marked differently? This could weigh in on the question of whether focus is a uniform category of meaning: do the related phenomena have something substantial in common? On the other hand, we would also have to ask if differences in prominence automatically require us to assume different phonological categories. There are two strands of research that address such questions. First, is focus always
Effect of Renal Artery Stenting on Renal Function and Size in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease

BackgroundRenal artery stenting is widely performed, but little is known about its effectiveness in preserving renal function and size in patients with renovascular disease and chronic renal insufficiency. We studied the effect of renal artery stenting on renal function and size in patients with obstructive renovascular disease and chronic renal insufficiency. Methods and ResultsStent deployment was performed in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine >1.5 mg · dL−1) and global renovascular obstruction (bilateral renal artery stenosis or unilateral stenosis in the presence of a solitary or single functional kidney). The effect of renal artery stenting on renal function was assessed by comparing the slopes of the regression lines derived from the reciprocal of serum creatinine versus time plotted before and after stent deployment. Renal size was assessed by serial ultrasound of pole-to-pole kidney length. Stenting was successful in all 61 vessels in 33 patients. Twenty-five patients had complete follow-up (mean 20±11 months). Before stent deployment, all patients exhibited a negative slope, indicating progressive renal insufficiency. After stent deployment, the slopes were positive in 18 and less negative in 7 patients. Thus, the mean slope increased from −0.0079 to 0.0043 dL · mg−1 · mo−1 (P <0.001). Ultrasonography on 41 kidneys revealed preservation of size, with the kidney length measuring 10.4±1.4 cm at baseline and 10.4±1.1 cm at last follow-up (P =NS). Patient survival at 20±11 months was 90%. ConclusionsIn patients with chronic renal insufficiency and global obstructive atherosclerotic renovascular disease, renal artery stenting improves or stabilizes renal function and preserves kidney size.
Overview of the Stereo and Multiview Video Coding Extensions of the H . 264 / MPEG-4 AVC Standard

—Significant improvements in video compression capability have been demonstrated with the introduction of the H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. Since developing this standard, the Joint Video Team of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) has also standardized an extension of that technology that is referred to as multiview video coding (MVC). MVC provides a compact representation for multiple views of a video scene, such as multiple synchronized video cameras. Stereo-paired video for 3D viewing is an important special case of MVC. The standard enables interview prediction to improve compression capability, as well as supporting ordinary temporal and spatial prediction. It also supports backward compatibility with existing legacy systems by struc-turing the MVC bitstream to include a compatible "base view". Each other view is encoded at the same picture resolution as the base view. In recognition of its high quality encoding capability and support for backward compatibility, the Stereo High profile of the MVC extension was selected by the Blu-Ray Disc Association as the coding format for 3D video with high-definition resolution. This paper provides an overview of the algorithmic design used for extending H.264/MPEG-4 AVC towards MVC. The basic approach of MVC for enabling interview prediction and view scalability in the context of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is reviewed. Related supplemental enhancement information (SEI) metadata is also described. Various "frame compatible" approaches for support of stereo-view video as an alternative to MVC are also discussed. A summary of the coding performance achieved by MVC for both stereo and multiview video is also provided. Future directions and challenges related to 3D video are also briefly discussed.
Exploring Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Training Outcomes on School Counselor and Youth Development

ABSTRACT This study qualitatively explored how multicultural and social justice counseling training affected self-development during field work. Nine high school students and 15 school counselor trainees engaged in postinterviews following completion of school counseling practicum field work. Directed and conventional qualitative content analyses revealed growth in high school students' personal and academic development. High school students described appreciation for asset-oriented counseling to promote academic perseverance and self-direction. School counselor trainees described growth in self-awareness, culturally relevant counseling skills, and emerging advocacy skills. Implications for school counselor educators are described that explore the impact of multicultural and social justice counseling competencies training on counseling relationships and cultivating youth development.
The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Development, Growth, and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in IUGR Offspring; Blood Gene Expression of Inflammatory Factors as Novel Biomarkers for Assessing Stress and Wellbeing in Exotic Species.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to lifelong deficits in growth of offspring as well as an increased risk for metabolic disorders. These effects may be due in part to intrinsic inflammatory system programming that occurs in response to chronic exposure to stress in utero. Recent studies by our lab demonstrate that maternal inflammation during either midor late-gestation induces an IUGR phenotype in fetal rats and sheep, respectively. Turmeric root extract and its main polyphenol component curcumin have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether sustained maternal inflammation at 0.7 gestation induces fetal IUGR and programmed inflammatory system responses that persist in lambs at 30 days of age, and whether these lead to deficits in growth and metabolism. We further sought to determine whether these effects could be mitigated by daily oral curcumin supplementation of the lambs. Timed-mated Polypay ewes were injected with bacterial endotoxin (MI-IUGR) or saline (controls) on the 100th,104th,107th,110th, and 113th day of gestational age (dGA; term~145 dGA). A subset of MI-IUGR lambs received a daily oral supplement of curcumin mixed in piperine and corn oil (MI-IUGR+C), and all other lambs received the piperine/corn oil carrier only. In MI-IUGR ewes, total white blood cells (WBC) decreased (P < 0.05) immediately after each injection before subsequently
Personalities Discussing Politics: The Effects of Agreement and Expertise on Discussion Frequency and the Moderating Role of Personality Traits

Research suggests that individuals’ personality traits are uniquely related to the patterns of their social interactions. This study addresses whether and how personality traits condition the social interaction patterns when people discuss politics in their immediate social environment. We explore the interactive relationship between discussion partners’ personality traits, disagreement, and expertise when they discuss the economy and immigration. Combining a multilevel approach with a propensity score analysis, this examination of a nationally representative sample of Austrian citizens finds that, although political agreement may motivate individuals to frequently discuss politics, not all citizens are equally affected by expertise, nor is such influence identical for different discussion topics.
MicroRNA profiling of follicular lymphoma identifies microRNAs related to cell proliferation and tumor response

Background MicroRNAs can play an important role in tumorigenesis through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and are not well characterized in follicular lymphoma. Design and Methods MicroRNA profiles of enriched follicular lymphoma tumor cells from 16 patients were generated by assaying 851 human microRNAs. Tandem gene expression profiles were obtained for predicting microRNA targets. Results The expression of 133 microRNAs was significantly different (> 2-fold; P<0.05) between follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. Forty-four microRNAs in three groups generated a unique follicular lymphoma signature. Of these, ten microRNAs were increased (miR-193a-5p, -193b*, -345, -513b, -574-3p, -584, -663, -1287, -1295, and -1471), 11 microRNAs were decreased (miR-17*, -30a, -33a, -106a*, -141, -202, -205, -222, -301b, -431*, and -570), and 23 microRNAs formed a group that was increased in most cases of follicular lymphoma but showed lower expression in a subset of cases (let-7a, let-7f, miR-7-1*, -9, -9*, -20a, -20b, -30b, -96, -98, -194, -195, -221*, -374a, -374b, -451, -454, -502-3p, -532-3p, -664*, -1274a, -1274b, and -1260). Higher expression of this last group was associated with improved response to chemotherapy. Gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of MAPK1, AKT1, PRKCE, IL4R and DROSHA and decreased expression of CDKN1A/p21, SOCS2, CHEK1, RAD51, KLF4, BLIMP1 and IRF4 in follicular lymphoma. Functional studies indicated that CDKN1A/p21 and SOCS2 expression is directly regulated by miR-20a/-20b and miR-194, respectively. Conclusions Follicular lymphoma is characterized by a unique microRNA signature, containing a subset of microRNAs whose expression correlate with response to chemotherapy. miR-20a/b and miR-194 target CDKN1A and SOCS2 in follicular lymphoma, potentially contributing to tumor cell proliferation and survival.
An Empirical Study About Adoption of a New Mobile Service in China

Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in multimedia message service as a great mobile service in China; however, most of the mobile-phone users have never used it and little is published about what motivates people to participate in this service. This study focuses on extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, media richness theory for the use of multimedia message service. An electronic Web page survey was used to collect the data required for the study. The proposed model was empirically tested using data collected and structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the casual model. Our findings indicated that all variables directly or indirectly significantly affected user's behavioral intent. The implication of this work to both researchers and practitioners is discussed.
The value of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT over conventional SPECT in the evaluation of parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia.

UNLABELLED As SPECT/CT technology evolves, its applications and indications need to be evaluated clinically for more efficient and cost-effective use. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical value of simultaneously acquired (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT versus conventional SPECT in diagnosing and locating parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS Immediately and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 740-925 MBq of (99m)Tc-sestamibi, static planar images of the neck and chest were obtained. SPECT/CT images were acquired 30 minutes after injection. Two experienced masked readers independently evaluated whether conventional SPECT images provided information beyond what was available from the planar images either by changing the diagnosis or by better locating the glands and whether the SPECT/CT images provided information beyond what was available from the planar plus conventional SPECT images. Forty-eight consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism were included in the study. The 32 whose scans showed positive results underwent surgical resection and were examined histopathologically. RESULTS Planar and SPECT imaging, with or without CT fusion, identified 89% of the surgically confirmed diseased parathyroid glands. Use of SPECT/CT changed the diagnosis in only 1 patient (2%) from positive to negative and better located the glands in only 4 patients (8%). SPECT/CT was particularly helpful in locating the 2 ectopic parathyroid adenomas diagnosed in this cohort. Tracer retention in diseased glands did not correlate with histologic characteristics. Also, biochemical markers did not correlate with the scan findings. CONCLUSION SPECT/CT has no significant clinical value additional to that of conventional SPECT for parathyroid imaging except in locating ectopic parathyroid glands. Eliminating the CT acquisition will spare patients the additional time, radiation exposure, and expense.
A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

The hammerhead shark possesses a unique head morphology that is thought to facilitate enhanced olfactory performance. The olfactory chambers, located at the distal ends of the cephalofoil, contain numerous lamellae that increase the surface area for olfaction. Functionally, for the shark to detect chemical stimuli, water-borne odors must reach the olfactory sensory epithelium that lines these lamellae. Thus, odorant transport from the aquatic environment to the sensory epithelium is the first critical step in olfaction. Here we investigate the hydrodynamics of olfaction in Sphyrna tudes based on an anatomically-accurate reconstruction of the head and olfactory chamber from high-resolution micro-CT and MRI scans of a cadaver specimen. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water flow in the reconstructed model reveal the external and internal hydrodynamics of olfaction during swimming. Computed external flow patterns elucidate the occurrence of flow phenomena that result in high and low pressures at the incurrent and excurrent nostrils, respectively, which induces flow through the olfactory chamber. The major (prenarial) nasal groove along the cephalofoil is shown to facilitate sampling of a large spatial extent (i.e., an extended hydrodynamic “reach”) by directing oncoming flow towards the incurrent nostril. Further, both the major and minor nasal grooves redirect some flow away from the incurrent nostril, thereby limiting the amount of fluid that enters the olfactory chamber. Internal hydrodynamic flow patterns are also revealed, where we show that flow rates within the sensory channels between olfactory lamellae are passively regulated by the apical gap, which functions as a partial bypass for flow in the olfactory chamber. Consequently, the hammerhead shark appears to utilize external (major and minor nasal grooves) and internal (apical gap) flow regulation mechanisms to limit water flow between the olfactory lamellae, thus protecting these delicate structures from otherwise high flow rates incurred by sampling a larger area.
A Knowledge-based Approach to Urban Feature Classification Using Aerial Imagery with Lidar Data

While the spatial resolution of remotely sensed data has improved, multispectral imagery is still not sufficient for urban classification. Problems include the difficulty in discriminating between trees and grass, the misclassification of buildings due to diverse roof compositions and shadow effects, and the misclassification of cars on roads. Recently, lidar (light detection and ranging) data have been integrated with remotely sensed data to obtain better classification results. In this study, we first conducted maximum likelihood classification (MLC) experiments, a traditional pixelbased classification method, to identify features suitable for urban classification using lidar data and aerial imagery. The addition of lidar height data improved the overall accuracy by up to 28 and 18 percent, respectively, compared to cases with only red‐green‐blue (RGB) and multispectral imagery. To further improve classification, we propose a knowledgebased classification system (KBCS) that includes a three-level height, “asphalt road, vegetation, and non-vegetation” (A‐V‐N) classification rule-based scheme and knowledgebased correction (KBC). The proposed KBCS improved overall accuracy by 12 and 7 percent compared to maximum likelihood and object-based classification, respectively.
The Influence of Paternalistic Leadership on the Creative Behavior of Knowledge Workers-Based on the Perspective of Psychological Contractual Perception

Employee innovation is the foundation of enterprise innovation. Each knowledge worker should be an innovation unit. This reminds managers that they need to examine their own behaviors and methods in the process of organization and management from the perspective of employees. This study is based on the perspective of social exchange theory. Through the combination of interviews and questionnaire surveys, we have referenced domestic and international scales, and analyzed the paternalistic leadership style, psychological contractual awareness, and employee innovation behavior using statistical methods such as correlation analysis and regression analysis. The relationship between paternalistic leadership and the employee’s innovative behavior was discussed. The results of this study show that: 1) In the unidimensional analysis, there is a positive relationship among benevolent leadership in paternalistic leadership, psychological and psychological perception, and employee innovation behavior; 2) Authoritarian leadership and psychological contract perception, there is a negative correlation between employee innovation behaviors; 3) There is a significant positive relationship between psychological contract perception and employee innovation behavior.
Implicit and Intuitive Grasp Posture Control for Wearable Robotic Fingers: A Data-Driven Method Using Partial Least Squares

Functionality of a human hand can be augmented with wearable robotic fingers to enable grasping and manipulation of objects with a single hand. Such technology will have applications in manufacturing and construction, as well as health care. This paper presents a method for controlling extra robotic fingers, termed “Supernumerary Robotic Fingers (SR Fingers),” in coordination with human fingers to grasp diverse objects. Two hypotheses are proposed and verified through experiments. One is that humans prefer grasp posture of their fingers and that of the SR Fingers to be highly correlated when working together, which is represented with a few principal components, resembling grasp synergy in neuromotor control. The other hypothesis is that SR Finger posture can be controlled to coordinate with human finger posture via grasp synergy of the hybrid human-robotic hand. Partial least squares regression is used for predicting a desired posture of the SR Fingers from the measurement of human fingers. This method is implemented on a pair of wrist-mounted SR Fingers. Experiments demonstrate that the prototype SR Fingers can assist the human user in performing single-handed grasping tasks without requiring explicit commands.
A Portfolio Perspective on Option Pricing Anomalies

We empirically study the economic benefits of giving investors access to index options in the context of the standard asset allocation problem. We analyze both expected-utility and non-expected-utility investors in order to understand who optimally buys and sells in option markets. We solve the portfolio problem with a flexible empirical methodology that does not rely on specific assumptions about the process of the underlying equity index. Using data on S&P 500 index options (1987-2001) we consider returns on OTM put options and ATM straddles. CRRA investors find it always optimal to short put options and straddles, regardless of their risk aversion. The option positions are economically and statistically significant and robust to corrections for transaction costs, margin requirements, and Peso problems. Surprisingly, loss-averse and disappointment-averse investors also optimally hold short positions in puts and straddles. Because derivatives are in zero net supply, this suggests that generating empirically relevant option prices in an equilibrium model is a challenging task, even with investor heterogeneity and even with commonly-studied behavioral preferences. Only when loss aversion is combined with highly distorted probability assessments, can we obtain positive portfolio weights for puts and straddles.