Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF POOR GROUPS OF GALAXIES

We investigate the relation between the projected morphology and the velocity dispersion of groups of galaxies using two recently compiled group catalogs, one based on the Two Micron All Sky Survey redshift survey (Crook et al.) and the other on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 galaxy catalog (Tago et al.). We analyze a suitable subsample of groups from each catalog selected such that it minimizes possible systematic effects. We find that the velocity dispersion of groups is strongly correlated with the group-projected shape and size, with elongated and larger groups having a lower velocity dispersion. Such a correlation could be attributed to the dynamical evolution of groups, with groups in the initial stages of formation, before virialization is complete, having small velocity dispersion, a large size, and an elongated shape that reflects the anisotropic accretion of galaxies along filamentary structures. However, we show that the same sort of correlations could also be reproduced in prolatelike groups, irrespective of their dynamical state, if the net galaxy motion is preferentially along the group elongation, since then the groups oriented close to the line of sight will appear more spherical, will have a small projected size and high-velocity dispersion, while groups oriented close to the sky plane will appear larger in projection, more elongated, and will have smaller velocity dispersion. Although both factors must play a role in shaping the observed correlations, we attempt to disentangle them by performing tests that relate only to the dynamical evolution of groups (i.e., calculating the fraction of early-type galaxies in groups and the projected group compactness). Indeed we find a strong positive (negative) correlation between the group velocity dispersion (group-projected major axis) with the fraction of early-type galaxy members. We conclude that (1) the observed dependences of the group velocity dispersion on the group-projected size and shape, should be attributed mostly to the dynamical state of groups, and (2) groups of galaxies in the local universe do not constitute a family of objects in dynamical equilibrium, but rather a family of cosmic structures that are presently at various stages of their virialization process.
Keys to the City: How Economics, Institutions, Social Interaction, and Politics Shape Development. By Michael Storper. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013. 288 p. $39.95.

from protecting the poor to protecting opportunity, we would like to see if those persuasive efforts have any effect on what Americans believe about good public policy. In addition to these contributions, there are two avenues for future scholarship to build on this work. The first is to understand the role of government policy in shaping demands for future policy. For example, public support for health-care spending has decreased since the 1990s. Does this mean that Americans do not view it as a solution to a problem of inequality, or rather is it because of the many policy efforts that have, for better or for worse, transformed the policy landscape? Medicare drug benefits have expanded, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program now provides care to many more poor and low-income working families, and, more recently, Obamacare has increased insurance coverage substantially. In light of these efforts, Americans might not want more health-care spending because they have already gotten it. The second area for future work is to dig in deeper on whether it is really perceptions of the deservingness of the rich that drive attitudes toward policy. The data presented in this book show a correlation between unease about who is benefiting from economic expansion and support for certain policy efforts, but it is uncertain if this is because Americans vilify the rich or, instead, simply recognize that markets are not working. Would a jobless recovery that was not accompanied by the wealthiest Americans doing better (if, for example, most profits were going offshore) also cause support for different tax and spending policies? In that case, how important are beliefs about the rich compared to beliefs about the failure of the market to adequately share the benefits of growth? These questions aside, TheUndeserving Rich is a welcome addition to a growing literature that tries to link objective measures of economic outcomes to public opinion, a key intermediary in the production of policy in democratic governments.
Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in Six Elliptical Galaxies: Connection to Globular Clusters

We present a systematic study of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) populations of six elliptical galaxies, aimed at investigating the detected LMXB-globular cluster (GC) connection. We utilize Chandra archival data to identify X-ray point sources and HST archival data supplemented by ground observations to identify 6173 GCs. After screening and cross-matching, we associate 209 LMXBs with red GC (RGCs) and 76 LMXBs with blue GCs (BGCs), while we find no optical GC counterpart for 258 LMXBs. This is the largest GC-LMXB sample studied so far. We confirm previous reports suggesting that the fraction of GCs associated with LMXBs is ~3 times larger in RGCs than in BGCs, indicating that metallicity is a primary factor in the GC LMXB formation. We find that GCs located near the galaxy center have a higher probability of harboring LMXBs than those in the outskirts, suggesting that there must be another parameter (in addition to metallicity) governing LMXB formation in GCs. This second parameter, dependent on the galactocentric distance, may be a distance dependent encounter rate. We find no significant differences in the shape of X-ray luminosity function, LX/LV distribution, X-ray spectra among RGC, BGC, and field LMXBs. The similarity of the X-ray spectra is inconsistent with the irradiation-induced stellar wind model prediction. The similarity of the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of GC LMXBs and field LMXBs indicates that there is no significant difference in the fraction of black hole binaries present. We cannot either prove or reject the hypothesis that all LMXBs were formed in GCs.
Towards an Integrated Architecture and Assessment Model for Financial Sourcing

Although many banks still report strong profits, important competitive, technological and regulatory changes force these companies to reconsider their strategies and structures. Among the current developments are initiatives to increase flexibility by reducing fixed costs and to leverage activities with competitors and other partners. Contrary to manufacturing industries, financial companies have maintained a high degree of vertical integration and sourcing models are slowly emerging which focus not only on the technological infrastructure and application provisioning but also on business functions. However, offerings for alternative sourcing models are only emerging in the marketplace and insights on generic sourcing models as well as their economic viability is still lacking. To address these challenges a two-year multilateral research project has been started which is presented in this research in progress paper. After an outline of the motivation and the research design, initial results are described in the area of payment execution.
Aggregation of Heterogeneous Time Preferences

We examine an economy whose consumers have different discount factors for utility, possibly not exponential. We characterize the properties of efficient allocations of resources and of the shadow prices that would decentralize such allocations. We show in particular that the representative agent has a decreasing discount rate when, as is usually posited, all of a group’s members have a constant discount rate and decreasing absolute risk aversion preferences. We also identify conditions that lead the representative agent to have a rate of impatience that decreases with gross domestic product per capita.
A Critical Assessment of Studies on the Carcinogenic Potential of Diesel Exhaust

After decades of research involving numerous epidemiologic studies and extensive investigations in laboratory animals, a causal relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure and lung cancer has not been conclusively demonstrated. Epidemiologic studies of the transportation industry (trucking, busing, and railroad) show a small elevation in lung cancer incidence (relative risks [RRs] generally below 1.5), but a dose response for DE is lacking. The studies are also limited by a lack of quantitative concurrent exposure data and inadequate or lack of controls for potential confounders, particularly tobacco smoking. Furthermore, prior to dieselization, similar elevations in lung cancer incidence have been reported for truck drivers, and in-cab diesel particulate matter (DPM) exposures of truck drivers were comparable to ambient highway exposures. Taken together, these findings suggest that an unidentified occupational agent or lifestyle factor might be responsible for the low elevations in lung cancer reported in the transportation studies. In contrast, underground miners, many of whom experience the highest occupational DPM exposures, generally do not show elevations in lung cancer. Laboratory studies must be interpreted with caution with respect to predicting the carcinogenic potential of DE in humans. Tumors observed in rats following lifetime chronic inhalation of very high levels of DPM may be attributed to species-specific overload mechanisms that lack relevance to humans. Increased tumor incidence was not observed in other species (hamsters or mice) exposed to DPM at very high levels or in rats exposed at lower levels (≤2000 μg/m3). Although DPM contains mutagens, mutagenicity studies in which cells were exposed to concentrated extracts of DPM also have limited application to human risk assessment, because such extracts can be obtained from DPM only by using strong organic solvents, agitation, and heat. Most studies have shown that whole DPM itself is not mutagenic because the adsorbed organic compounds are minimally bioavailable in aqueous-based fluids. In the past two decades, dramatic changes in diesel engine technology (e.g., low-sulfur fuel and exhaust after-treatment) have resulted in >99% reduction in DPM and other quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of diesel exhaust. Thus, the current database, which is focused almost entirely on the potential health effects of traditional diesel exhaust (TDE), has only limited utility in assessing the potential health risks of new-technology diesel exhaust (NTDE). To overcome some of the limitations of the historical epidemiologic database on TDE and to gain further insights into the potential health effects of NTDE, new studies are underway and more studies are planned.
Molecular transport junctions: vibrational effects

Transport of electrons in a single molecule junction is the simplest problem in the general subject area of molecular electronics. In the past few years, this area has been extended to probe beyond the simple tunnelling associated with large energy gaps between electrode Fermi level and molecular levels, to deal with smaller gaps, with near-resonance tunnelling and, particularly, with effects due to interaction of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. This overview is devoted to the theoretical and computational approaches that have been taken to understanding transport in molecular junctions when these vibronic interactions are involved. After a short experimental overview, and discussion of different test beds and measurements, we define a particular microscopic model Hamiltonian. That overall Hamiltonian can be used to discuss all of the phenomena dealt with subsequently. These include transition from coherent to incoherent transport as electron/vibration interaction increases in strength, inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy and its interpretation and measurement, affects of interelectronic repulsion treated at the Hubbard level, noise in molecular transport junctions, non-linear conductance phenomena, heating and heat conduction in molecular transport junctions and current-induced chemical reactions. In each of these areas, we use the same simple model Hamiltonian to analyse energetics and dynamics. While this overview does not attempt survey the literature exhaustively, it does provide appropriate references to the current literature (both experimental and theoretical). We also attempt to point out directions in which further research is required to answer cardinal questions concerning the behaviour and understanding of vibrational effects in molecular transport junctions.
The Logic of the Database: In Search of Responsive Social Work

Over the last decades, youth care has been subjected to many reforms. Also in Flanders -the Dutch speaking part of Belgium- a reform is currently taking place. A new policy framework, named Integrated Youth Care (IYC), integrates different youth care sectors in order to install a more coordinated instead of fragmented youth care system. The Flemish government invested in more and better information and registration tools in order to achieve this reform. Policy papers point out that these tools will serve as instruments for reflection since they will be able to capture the needs of children, the case trajectories of all clients, the balance between supply and demand as well as the effectiveness of youth care organizations. It is the contention of this doctoral research to question this underling logic of reflection in relation to the use of information and registration tools. Especially because the use of these tools as an instrument for reflection does not remain uncontested. For example, research shows the emergence of decontextualisation, a process by which children are disconnected from their social and relational context (e.g. Aas, 2004; Parton, 2008). Consequently, the client’s situation is split into a series of data, which tend to break up the holistic view (Aas, 2004) and which results in a social work based on the logic of the database (Parton, 2008). The aim of the research is to denude the logics behind the installation of these tools at three levels: the governmental, organisational and frontline level. Moreover, the research aims to discuss the installation and use of these tools in relation to the realisation of the right for care and support as well as to the development of responsive social work.
Robust Transmission for Multiuser MIMO Downlink Systems with Imperfect CSIT

The performance of multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) downlink systems with preceding and decoding method by minimizing the total mean square error (TMSE) of all data streams of all users (T-MMSE) depends on the accuracy of the channel state information (CSI) available at the transmitter (CSIT). In this paper, a robust transmission scheme is proposed to suppress the interferences among data streams and users caused by imperfect CSIT. At the transmitter, the precoders are obtained through an iterative procedure by minimizing the expectation of the TMSE of all data streams of all users conditioned on the estimated CSI under a total transmit power constraint. At each user, a linear decoder is calculated based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria according to the realtime CSI. To fulfill it, a new pilot-sending architecture is introduced. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is robust not only to the channel uncertainty at the transmitter but also to the channel uncertainty at each user, and can effectively improve the system performance.
Financial Contagion : Myth or Reality ?

1 Financial Contagion: Myth or Reality? 2 Monetary Policy in a Low Inflation Environment 6 Policy Changes: Macroeconomics and Identification 8 Hicks-Tinbergen Medal for Eurosystem Researchers 10 ECB Lamfalussy Fellow Wins Research Prize 10 Thomas Sargent on Learning and Model Uncertainty 11 Selected Recent Journal Publications by ECB Staff 11 References 12 – Joint Workshop of the ECB and the IMF on “Global Financial Integration, Stability and Business Cycles: Exploring the Links”, Frankfurt, 16-17 November, 2004. – 4th Workshop of the Euro Area Business Cycle Network (EABCN), Brussels, 19-20 November, 2004. – IPN Conference on “Inflation Persistence in the Euro Area”, Frankfurt, 10-11 December 2004. – Workshop on “Monetary Policy Implications of Heterogeneity in a Currency Area”, Frankfurt, 13-14 December, 2004. – Workshop on “Monetary Policy Implementation in the Euro Area: Lessons from the Past and Challenges Ahead”, Frankfurt, 20-21 January, 2005. – International Conference on “Competition, Stability and Integration in European Banking”, ECB-CFS Research Network, CEPR and NBB, Brussels, 23-24 May, 2005. Editorial
The Facilitative Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Visuospatial Working Memory in Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Pre–post Sham-Controlled Study

Diabetes mellitus can lead to diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and cognitive deficits that manifest as peripheral and central neuropathy, respectively. In this study we investigated the relationship between visuospatial working memory (VSWM) capacity and DPN severity, and attempted to improve VSWM in DPN patients via the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Sixteen DPN patients and 16 age- and education-matched healthy control subjects received Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) for baseline cognitive assessment. A forward- and backward-recall computerized Corsi block tapping task (CBT), both with and without a concurrent motor interference task was used to measure VSWM capacity. Each DPN patient underwent a pre-treatment CBT, followed by tDCS or sham treatment, then a post-treatment CBT on two separate days. We found that although patients with severe DPN (Dyck’s grade 2a or 2b) showed comparable general intelligence scores on WAIS-IV as their age- and education-matched healthy counterparts, they nonetheless showed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on MOCA and working memory deficit on digit-span test of WAIS-IV. Furthermore, patients’ peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was positively correlated with their VSWM span in the most difficult CBT condition that involved backward-recall with motor interference such that patients with worse NCV also had lower VSWM span. Most importantly, anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC was able to improve low-performing patients’ VSWM span to be on par with the high-performers, thereby eliminating the correlation between NCV and VSWM. In summary, these findings suggest that (1) MCI and severe peripheral neuropathy can coexist with unequal severity in diabetic patients, (2) the positive correlation of VSWM and NCV suggests a link between peripheral and central neuropathies, and (3) anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC can improve DPN patients’ VSWM, particularly for the low-performing patients.
Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Sports Sciences a Three-dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Long Jump Take-off a Three-dimensional Kinematic Analysis of the Long Jump Take-off

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Abstract The long jump has been widely studied in recent years. Two models exist in the literature which define the relationship between selected variables that affect performance. Both models suggest that the critical phase of the long jump event is the touchdown to takeoff phase, as it is in this phase that the necessary vertical velocity is generated. Many three dimensional studies of the long jump exist, but the only studies to have reported detailed data on this phase were two-dimensional in nature. In these, the poor relationships obtained between key variables and performance led to the suggestion that there may be some relevant information in data in the third dimension. The aims of this study were to conduct a three-dimensional analysis of the touchdown to takeoff phase in the long jump and to explore the interrelationships between key variables. Fourteen male long jumpers were filmed using three-dimensional methods during the finals of the 1994 (n = 8) and 1995 (n = 6) UK National Championships. Various key variables for the long jump were used in a series of correlational and multiple regression analyses. The relationships between key variables when correlated directly one-to-one were generally poor. However, when analysed using a multiple regression approach, a series of variables was identified which supported the general principles outlined in the two models. These variables could be interpreted in terms of speed, technique and strength. We concluded that in the long jump, variables that are important to performance are interdependent and can only be identified by using appropriate statistical techniques. This has implications for a better understanding of the long jump event and it is likely that this finding can be generalized to other technical sports skills.
In their own words: A study of gang members through their own perspective

The purpose of the proposed study is to examine the perception of individual gang members in the City of Fort Worth, Texas. Specifically, individual gang members were interviewed in order to determine their perception towards gang involvement, community intervention strategies, and general themes associated with life as a gang member. Findings produced in this study have significant implications for prevention and intervention policies relevant
Prediction of reliability for service-oriented systems

Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a pattern for sequencing and integrating different components which are distributed and built by different organizations or individuals. SOA is a way to build an architecture for Service Oriented Systems(SOS). Traditionally, SOS reliability is predicted by assuming the reliabilities of its components. SOS reliability relies on numerous variables like location, internet, communication links, Web services etc. But the prediction of SOS reliability on the basis of individual reliabilities of Web-services/service components is a complex task. In this paper, a novel methodology has been proposed for predicting the reliability of SOS by analyzing the past failure data of Web-service invocations through a real world Dataset.
Students’ perceptions of resilience promoting factors in Chinese and American middle schools

The current study first examined the applicability of the ClassMaps Survey (CMS)—a measurement of resilience in classroom/school settings developed in the US with Chinese middle school students and then compared the group differences on student perceptions of the resilience factors in the CMS across the two cultures. The findings suggest that the CMS and all its seven subscales have good to acceptable scalar measurement equivalence. The current study supports the use of the CMS and its seven subscales with Chinese middle school students as a measurement of resilience in classroom context. Furthermore, the study found that Chinese students scored significantly higher on academic self-determination, behavior self-control, teacher-student relationship, home-school relationship, and peer conflict but significantly lower on academic self-efficacy than American students. There was no significant difference in peer friendships between the two groups. Implications for resilience promotion in school settings were discussed in cultural context.