Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of perceived parenting styles, locus of control orientation, and self-concept among junior high age students

Relationships between adolescents' perceptions of their parents' responsiveness and demandingness, adolescents' locus of control orientation, and adolescents' self-concept ratings were investigated. Participants included 198 students in grades eight and nine who were administered the Nowicki–Strickland Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, and the Perceived Parenting Styles Survey. Participants who perceived their parents as being Authoritative had a significantly more internal locus of control orientation than subjects who perceived their parents as either Permissive or Authoritarian. Self-Concept scores were significantly higher for the Authoritative group than for the Permissive or Authoritarian groups in several areas. The findings indicate that an Authoritative style of parenting may contribute to the development of self-adequacy by being associated with internal locus of control orientation and stronger self-concept, while Permissive and Authoritarian styles of parenting may be associated with negative patterns of social-emotional development. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preterm birth and carotid diameter and stiffness in childhood

Background and Aim: Low birthweight, either as a result of poor foetal growth or preterm birth, is a risk factor for stroke in adult life. Carotid stiffening, an early marker of atheromatous disease, has been found in low‐birthweight children born at term. We hypothesized that carotid artery growth and dynamic properties are permanently affected by preterm birth.
Gamma-tubulin reorganization during mouse fertilization and early development.

gamma-Tubulin, a component of spindle pole bodies in fungal cells and pericentriolar material in vertebrate cells, is thought to play a role in the nucleation of microtubule growth and to define their polarity. In contrast to the adult somatic cells, microtubules are nucleated in the absence of centrioles in mammalian oocytes and early embryos. By studying acentriolar mouse oocytes and their early development following fertilization, we show that gamma-tubulin antibody crossreacts with a 50,000 M(r) protein in unfertilized mouse oocytes and demonstrate that gamma-tubulin distribution is rearranged dramatically during fertilization. In unfertilized mouse oocytes, gamma-tubulin is concentrated in the broad spindle poles of meiotic spindle (MII) and as the distinct foci which form the centers of the cytoplasmic microtubule asters (cytasters). The integrity of these gamma-tubulin foci and their cytoplasmic location is maintained during the drug- or cold-induced depolymerization of microtubules. gamma-Tubulin is also found in the basal body of the mouse sperm. During fertilization, the gamma-tubulin is found at the cytastral centers as well as in the incorporated sperm basal body complex, and the gamma-tubulin foci coalesce at the perinuclear microtubule organizing regions of the two pronuclei at the first mitotic prophase. During mitosis, gamma-tubulin is found associated with broad bands that form the poles of the first mitotic spindle. By the late preimplantation stage, when newly generated centrioles have been reported to arise, gamma-tubulin remains localized at the centrosome of mitotic cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laparoscopy decreases anastomotic leak rate in sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis.

BACKGROUND Early studies comparing laparoscopic and open operations for diverticulitis failed to show any advantages of the laparoscopic approach. Our study compared the 30-day postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis by surgeons who had performed 20 or more laparoscopic colectomies before the study period. HYPOTHESIS Patients who undergo an elective laparoscopic operation for diverticulitis have reduced postoperative complications compared with patients who have a traditional open operation. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 249 patients who underwent elective open (n = 127) or laparoscopic (n = 122) sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis for diverticulitis between July 1, 2001, and February 1, 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Combined rates of free and contained anastomotic leaks. A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of anastomotic leaks while controlling for significant differences between study groups. RESULTS Patients who underwent laparoscopic or open operations were similar in age, sex, history of diagnosed intraabdominal abscess (9.4% vs 12.3%), and history of preoperative percutaneous abscess drainage (3.9% vs 4.9%). Patients who underwent the open procedure had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (1.6 vs 1.2; P = .04), and those who underwent laparoscopy more frequently underwent splenic flexure mobilization (82.8% vs 26.7%; P < .001). Patients who underwent a laparoscopy had lower rates of anastomotic leaks (2.4% vs 8.2%; P = .04). This finding held true on logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.567; P = .01), even when controlling for age, Charlson comorbidity index, splenic flexure mobilization, and length of resected bowel. CONCLUSION Anastomotic leaks occurred less frequently after laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy performed by experienced laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.
Which Psychosocial Factors Are Related to Drinking Among Rural Adolescents?

ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship of psychosocial factors with alcohol use for adolescents residing in rural Iowa. This association was also tested separately for boys and girls. Seventh graders (N = 1673) self-reported alcohol use, peer drinking norms, adult drinking norms, drug refusal assertiveness, drug refusal techniques, life skills, pro-drinking attitudes, risk-taking tendency, and perceived family management practices. Data were collected during a 45-minute class period. Multiple regressions indicated that: Peer drinking norms, drug refusal assertiveness, drug refusal techniques, life skills, pro-drinking attitudes and risk-taking tendency were related to drinking measures. Perceived family management skills and drug refusal techniques were associated with drinking for girls but not boys. Risk-taking tendency was related to drinking for boys but not girls.
Physics of high-intensity high-energy particle beam propagation in open air and outer-space plasmas

This report is a self-contained and comprehensive review of the physics of propagating pulses of high-intensity high-energy particle beams in pre-existing or self-generated plasmas. Consideration is given to beams of electrons, protons, muons, and their antiparticles, as well as to neutral-hydrogen, positronium, and electron-positron-plasmoid beams. The first part is a systematic overview of the theory pertaining to propagation, plasma self-generation, energy/current-losses, and stability of such pulses. The second part reviews the major full-scale propagation experiments which have been carried out, in atmospheric and outer-space plasmas, to assess the validity of theoretical models. It is found that the data available on these experiments demonstrate that range and stability are in agreement with theory. In particular, stable self-pinched propagation of high-current charged-particle beams in the atmosphere is possible over distances equal to several Nordsieck lengths. In order not to be deflected by Earth's magnetic field, electron-beam pulses need to be guided by a pre-formed channel, while proton-beam pulses may under suitable conditions propagate undeflected through both the low- and high-atmosphere. In ionospheric or outer-space plasmas, very-long-range propagation across Earth's magnetic field requires GeV to TeV electrons or positron beams in order for the transverse deflection to be acceptable, while undeflected propagation is possible for plasmoid beams consisting of co-moving high-energy particle pairs such as electrons and positrons.
What We Can Learn from Hearing Parents of Deaf Children

Hearing parents of deaf children face stresses and demands related to parenting a deaf child, including difficult choices about language, technologies, education and identity for their children (Marschark, 1997 ). To date, few researchers have discussed the unique challenges faced by this group. Through a series of semistructured, in-depth interviews with 18 parents, this study investigated the experiences of hearing parents of deaf children spanning various life stages. A phenomenological approach identified 5 themes most pertinent to understanding their experiences. Each theme offers insight, particularly for professionals, into the distinctive issues that might arise at the time of diagnosis of deafness and reveals the challenges hearing parents face when confronted with a barrage of decisions, including choice of oral or sign language, mainstream or special deaf education, and identity with the hearing or Deaf community. The central message from this work is to inform hearing parents of deaf children and professionals working with these parents of the likely challenges that they may face.
Effects of slow, controlled breathing on baroreceptor control of heart rate and blood pressure in healthy men

Background Slow, controlled breathing has been shown by cross-spectral techniques to potentiate arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. However, crucial aspects of the effects of slow breathing on the arterial baroreflex remain unsettled, namely whether the major function of the arterial baroreflex (i.e. the control of blood pressure) is also potentiated and whether baroreflex function is differentially modulated according to the age of the individual. Objective To examine the bradycardic and depressor responses to selective carotid baroreceptor stimulation by the neck chamber technique (−15 and −30 mmHg neck suction) and the cross-spectral R–R interval/systolic blood pressure relationship (α index). Methods In 24 resting, supine healthy male volunteers (aged 19–66 years, mean ±SEM 37.5 ± 3.19 years), blood pressure (Finapres), R–R interval (electrocardiogram) and ventilation (impedance) were recorded continuously. Both assessments were performed during spontaneous breathing and during 6 cycles/min controlled ventilation in random order. Results The depressor and bradycardic responses to neck suction were significantly larger during slow breathing than in spontaneous breathing (+32 and +85%, respectively; both P < 0.01). The α index was also significantly larger during slow breathing (+62%; P < 0.01). Even after the volunteers were divided into older (> 50 years, n = 9) and younger (< 30 years, n = 9) groups, the baroreflex potentiation related to slow breathing was clearcut and significant for both the depressor (+46 and +24% older and younger volunteers; both P < 0.01) and the bradycardic (+130 and +73% older and younger volunteers; both P < 0.01) responses. When the assessment was made by computing the cross-spectral α index, a marked potentiation related to slow breathing was observed in younger volunteers (+99%; P < 0.01), whereas in older volunteers only a trend to an enhancement (by 32%; P < 0.055) was observed. Conclusions Slow controlled breathing is associated with potentiation of both the depressor and the cardio-inhibitory components of the arterial baroreflex, the potentiation being largely similar regardless of the age of the individual.
What are the Long-Term Effects of Learning about Racism?

What happens when a diversity class is over? How does awareness change during the course of the subsequent year? Only a handful of studies have addressed this question, and none has done so by examining the same participants before the class starts, when it is finished, and 1 year later. Our findings showed that although students' awareness and attitudes shifted during a diversity course in psychology (as has been previously shown), some of the changes appear to plateau or even wane in the intervening year. Encouragingly, this is balanced by increased feelings of comfort with racial issues and an apparent increase in interaction with those of other races.
Presidential Campaigns and the Knowledge Gap

The knowledge gap hypothesis holds that when new information enters a social system via a mass media campaign, it is likely to exacerbate underlying inequalities in previously held information. Specifically, while people from all strata may learn new information as a result of a mass media campaign, those with higher levels of education are likely to learn more than those with low levels of education, and the informational gap between the two groups will expand. Though this hypothesis has received widespread attention in other disciplines, it has attracted relatively little attention in political science. Using data from the National Election Studies, this article investigates how well the knowledge gap hypothesis describes information acquisition in presidential campaigns from 1976 to 1996. The results of the analysis show that knowledge gaps do not always grow over the course of presidential campaigns and that some events, such as debates, may actually reduce the level of information inequality in the electorate.
Responses to co‐workers receiving recognition at work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of co‐workers receiving recognition on two types of responses, namely emotions (positive and negative) and behavioral intentions (interpersonal counterproductive behavior and interpersonal citizenship behavior). Design/methodology/approach – This study is an experimental scenario study with a 2×2 between‐subjects design with 246 employees from a local health care organization.Findings – The findings reveal that the relation between the recognition of others and positive or negative emotions was moderated by the quality of the relationship between both actors. Further, as hypothesized, the relation between the recognition of others and interpersonal counterproductive behavior was moderated by relationship quality. Contrary to the authors' expectations, relationship quality did not moderate the relation between employee recognition and interpersonal citizenship behavior.Practical implications – This study provides useful suggestions for managers to.
Memory Expansion Technology (MXT): Competitive impact

Memory Expansion Technology (MXT™) has been discussed in a number of forums. It is a hardware-implemented means for software-transparent on-the-fly compression of the main-memory content of a computer system. For a very broad set of workloads, it provides a compression ratio of 2:1 or better. This ability to compress and store data in fewer bytes effectively doubles the apparent capacity of memory at minimal cost. While it is clear that a doubling of memory at little cost is bound to improve the price/performance of a system that can be offered to customers, the magnitude of the impact of MXT on price/performance has not been quantified. This paper estimates the range of price/performance improvements for typical workloads from available data. To summarize, the results indicate that MXT improves price/performance by 25% to 70%. The competitive impact of such a large step function in price/performance from a single technology is profound; it is comparable to the entire gross margin in the competitive market for "PC servers. "
Distributional Effects in Household Models: Separate Spheres and Income Pooling

We derive distributional effects for a non-cooperative alternative to the unitary model of household behaviour. We consider the Nash equilibria of a voluntary contributions to public goods game. Our main result is that, in general, the two partners either choose to contribute to different public goods or they contribute to at most one common good. The former case corresponds to the separate spheres case of Lundberg and Pollak (1993). The second outcome yields (local) income pooling. A household will be in different regimes depending on the distribution of income within the household. Any bargaining model with this non-cooperative case as a breakdown point will inherit the local income pooling. We conclude that targeting benefits such as child benefits to one household member may not always have an effect on outcomes.
Racial and Gender Differences in Perceptions of Fairness: When Race is Involved in a Job Promotion

The present study examined 106 black and 69 white undergraduates' (82 males and 93 females) perceptions of fairness in an ambiguous situation where one stimulus person (a male employee) was seen as promoted over another and race was the only manipulated variable. The 2 (race of subject) × 2 (sex of subject) × 2 (race of promoted employee) × 2 (race of non-promoted employee) factorial analysis of variance indicated that, as expected, not only did race of the evaluator influence perceptions of fairness but it also interacted with race of the stimulus persons. As predicted, black subjects perceived more unfairness operating in the situations than white subjects, and they saw the promoted employee as less qualified than white subjects did. As expected, black subjects perceived the white employee's promotion over the black employee as the most unfair while white subjects saw no difference among the situations. An expected sex difference was found: females were more likely than males to perceive the company's decision as unfair. Black subjects were more favorable to the use of quotas than whites, and blacks believed there had been more discrimination and less progress in the last decade.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEAN MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION ON THE ZONAL FLOW1,,2

Abstract The mean meridional circulation calculated earlier from observed values of transports of momentum and sensible heat by solving the zonally averaged form of the quasi-geostrophic omega equation is used to investigate the influence of this secondary flow on the zonally averaged values of the wind and temperature in the atmosphere. The contributions from the horizontal transport processes and the mean meridional circulations are computed separately in order to estimate their relative importance. It is found that the mean meridional circulation counterbalances the horizontal transport of momentum in the upper troposphere, while the two effects work in the same direction in the lower part of the atmosphere. With respect to changes in the zonally averaged temperature field, it is found that the effect of the mean meridional circulation opposes the effect of the horizontal transport of sensible heat almost everywhere. The recent results of calculations of the mean meridional circulation are also used to.
Solar Interior Rotation and its Variation

This article surveys the development of observational understanding of the interior rotation of the Sun and its temporal variation over approximately forty years, starting with the 1960s attempts to determine the solar core rotation from oblateness and proceeding through the development of helioseismology to the detailed modern picture of the internal rotation deduced from continuous helioseismic observations during solar cycle 23. After introducing some basic helioseismic concepts, it covers, in turn, the rotation of the core and radiative interior, the “tachocline” shear layer at the base of the convection zone, the differential rotation in the convection zone, the near-surface shear, the pattern of migrating zonal flows known as the torsional oscillation, and the possible temporal variations at the bottom of the convection zone. For each area, the article also briefly explores the relationship between observations and models.
Ubiquilin 1 polymorphisms are not associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease

Several studies have reported evidence for linkage of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) to chromosome 9. Recently, an intronic polymorphism affecting alternative splicing of exon 8 of ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) was reported to be associated with LOAD. We attempted to replicate this observation by genotyping this polymorphism, rs12344615 (also known as UBQ‐8i), in a large sample of 1,544 LOAD cases and 1,642 nondemented controls. We did not find any evidence that this single nucleotide polymorphism, or any of six others tested in UBQLN1, increases risk for LOAD. Ann Neurol 2005
The science-society contract in historical transformation: with special reference to “epistemic drift”

This paper locates the discussion around the finalization thesis in a broader science policy context, linking it to the recent discourse on a changing science-society contract. It is argued that the broadening of the Kuhnian concept of the paradigm, making it amenable to science policy studies, was an important move. Further development of this notion, however, standed on the prongs of critique coming from both the worlds of politics and science. At the same time, advances in the cognitive sociology of science undermined the internalist/externalist distinction. Today, with certain changes in the conditions of research due to the introduction of the concept of “strategic research”, politicians are more apt to accept certain points of the thesis; scientific communities, on the other hand, perceive new threats to their autonomy. This paper tries to make sense of this new situation by translating the question of interplay between internal and external dynamics of research into one involving boundary management and epistemic criteria. The notion of “epistemic drift” is introduced and the internalist/externalist distinction refurbished in neo-institutionalist terms, making use of the concept of interfoliating credibility cycles.
The Evaluation of a Low-Cost Colorimeter for Glucose Detection in Salivary Samples

Given the limited access to healthcare resources, low-income settings require the development of affordable technology. Here we present the design and evaluation of a low-cost colorimeter applied to the non-invasive monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus through the detection of glucose in salival fluid. Samples were processed by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase enzymatic system and analyzed with the development equipment. A light emission diode of 532.5 nm was used as an excitation source and a RGB module was used as a receptor. A calibration curve to quantify the concentration of salivary glucose (0 to 18 mg/dL) was carried out by relating the RGB components registered with glucose concentrations, achieving a limit of detection of 0.17 mg/dL with a CV of 5% (n = 3). Salivary samples of diabetic and healthy volunteers were processed with the equipment showing an average concentration of 1.5519 ± 0.4511 mg/dL for the first and 4.0479 ± 1.6103 mg/dL for the last, allowing a discrimination between both groups. Results were validated against a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer with a correspondence of R2 of 0.98194 between both instruments. Results suggest the potential application of the developed device to the sensitive detection of relevant analytes with a low-cost, user-friendly, low-power and portable instrumentation.