Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nickel and Copper Particle Size on the Properties of Powder Metal Steels

Powder Metallurgy (P/M) offers a very efficient method to produce high volume, high throughput steel parts. The two most important property issues affecting P/M steels are: (I) possessing high mechanical properties despite having inherent internal porosity; (2) maintaining very tight dimensional tolerances during processing (sintering). Researchers are continually looking at ways to improve these two properties while keeping costs down. As in wrought and cast steels, in most applications P/M steels are alloyed; in P/M processing, alloys are typically added to Fe + C powder mixes as elemental powders. The entire mix of Fe+ C +elemental alloying additives are then consolidated under high pressure and sintered at high temperatures to strengthen the compact. The current work deals mainly with the the most commonly used alloying additiv_es in P/M steels, Ni and Cu. While it is well-known that Ni and Cu do indeed improve the mechanical performance of steels and do affect the dimensional change of P/M parts in specific ways, for over 50 years the same standard Ni and Cu powders have been used in the industry. With new breakthroughs in the production of extra-fine metal powders (1-2 urn) P/M researchers now must examine the effect of particle size of alloying additions on the performance of sintered steels. Prior to the current work, significant documented work investigating the effect of particle size of Ni and Cu on the performance of P/M steels was very limited. The current work examined: ( I) Ni powder particle size effects in P/M Ni steels; (2) Ni powder particle size effects in P/M Ni-Cu steels; (3) Ni and Cu powder particle size effects in P/M Ni-Cu-Mo steels. Specific focus was on determining the effects of particle sizes on the dimensional control and mechanical peformance of P/M steels. With both Ni and Cu, the finer the powder addition the better the dimensional control and mechanical performance of the steels. In steels containing both Ni and Cu, finer Ni also improved the distribution and diffusion of Cu. This suggested that there was a significant interaction between Ni and Cu during sintering which could be tailored to improve properties. The effect of changing Ni particle size on overall steel properties was significantly greater than the effect of changing Cu particle size. Mechanistic analyses via optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and E-SEM investigation, dilatometry, and differential thermal analysis were carried out to explain the results. Mathematical models were also developed to show the effect of Ni and Cu particle size on diffusion into the Fe matrix during sintering.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATES OF MONETARY POLICY EFFECTS: STRING THEORY REVISITED

Thanks go to Jordi Galì, Ivan Werning, and seminar participants at the Bank of England, the European Central Bank, the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, the NBER Summer Institute 2013, and Yale University for helpful suggestions and comments. The views expressed here are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. Early Elias provided expert research assistance.
Primary antibody deficiency and diagnostic delay

Aims: To assess the occurrence of diagnostic delay in primary antibody deficiency in the period 1989–2002, since a similar study in 1989, and to assess the impact of UK national guidelines communicated in 1995. Methods: A retrospective case note review was performed of 89 consecutive patients with antibody deficiency referred to a regional referral centre for clinical immunology in north west England and north Wales. The delay in diagnosis and the estimated resulting morbidity in terms of infections were assessed. Results: Fifty six of the 89 patients experienced delay in diagnosis. The overall median delay was 2 years (mean, 4.4), resulting in substantial morbidity (equivalent to two major infections and one minor infection). This shows a moderate improvement since the previous study in 1989 and since the introduction of UK national guidelines in 1995. Respiratory infections are the most frequent presenting infections, and respiratory physicians the most common source of referral. Conclusions: There is still considerable delay in the diagnosis of primary antibody deficiency, but the data suggest an improvement in practice since the previous study in 1989 and the distribution of national guidelines in 1995.
Is Race a Risk Factor for the Development of Renal Artery Stenosis?

Atherosclerotic renal artery disease is a common cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease that may progress into end stage renal failure if not diagnosed and treated early. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to determine whether race is an independent risk factor for developing RAS. A retrospective study was conducted including 324 patients with resistant hypertension who underwent renal angiography with or without coronary angiography. In univariate analysis, Caucasian race was associated with significant risk of RAS (OR = 2.3, P = .01). However, this association was no longer significant after correcting for additional clinical variables in a multivariate model (OR = 1.5, P = .07). There was a strong association between smoking and RAS (OR 2.0, P = .02). We conclude that traditional risk factors, especially smoking, rather than race, are the most important predictors of RAS development.
RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDHOOD

Every child complained of recurrent abdominal PaID. usually central, but sometimes in the right iliac fossa or other area. Associated symptoms commonly admitted were nausea, listlessness and a sallow colour during attacks. The bowel habits mayor may not be affected, and urinary symptoms are usually absent. Only 58 of the cases were considered to have a sufficiently detailed history to be included in this analysis of symptoms and abnormalities (see Table I). an extensive growth of the fourchette which was spilling over to the anal margin. In two instances the groin wounds did not heal by first intention. The average time of almost full healing to allow of the patient's safe discharge from hospital was six weeks. The average time for post-operative ambulation was the fifth day.
Relating the new language models of information retrieval to the traditional retrieval models

During the last two years, exciting new approaches to information retrieval were introduced by a number of different research groups that use statistical language models for retrieval. This paper relates the retrieval algorithms suggested by these approaches to widely accepted retrieval algorithms developed within three traditional models of information retrieval: the Boolean model, the vector space model and the probabilistic model. The paper shows the existence of efficient retrieval algorithms that only use the matching terms in their computation. Under these conditions, the language models of information retrieval are surprisingly similar to both tf.idf term weighting as developed for the vector space model and relevance weighting as developed in the traditional probabilistic model. The paper suggests a new method for relevance weighting and a new method to rank documents giving Boolean queries. Experimental results on the TREC collection indicate that the language modelling approach outperforms the three traditional approaches.
The squared-error of generalized LASSO: A precise analysis

We consider the problem of estimating an unknown but structured signal x<sub>0</sub> from its noisy linear observations y = Ax<sub>0</sub> + z ∈ ℝ<sup>m</sup>. To the structure of x<sub>0</sub> is associated a structure inducing convex function f(·). We assume that the entries of A are i.i. d. standard normal N(0, 1) and z ~ N(0, σ<sup>2</sup>I<sub>m</sub>). As a measure of performance of an estimate x* of x<sub>0</sub> we consider the “Normalized Square Error” (NSE) ∥x* - x<sub>0</sub>∥<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>/σ<sup>2</sup>. For sufficiently small σ, we characterize the exact performance of two different versions of the well known LASSO algorithm. The first estimator is obtained by solving the problem argmin<sub>x</sub> ∥y - Ax∥<sub>2</sub> + λf(x). As a function of λ, we identify three distinct regions of operation. Out of them, we argue that “R<sub>ON</sub>” is the most interesting one. When λ ∈ R<sub>ON</sub>, we show that the NSE is D<sub>f</sub>(x<sub>0</sub>, λ)/m-D<sub>f</sub>(x<sub>0</sub>, λ) for small σ, where D<sub>f</sub>(x<sub>0</sub>, λ) is the expected squared-distance of an i.i. d. standard normal vector to the dilated subdifferential λ · ∂f(x<sub>0</sub>). Secondly, we consider the more popular estimator argmin<sub>x</sub> 1/2∥y - Ax∥<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>. + στ f(x). We propose a formula for the NSE of this estimator by establishing a suitable mapping between this and the previous estimator over the region R<sub>ON</sub>. As a useful side result, we find explicit formulae for the optimal estimation performance and the optimal penalty parameters λ* and τ*.
You've Gotta Know When to Fold 'Em

The notion that persistence is essential for success and happiness is deeply embedded in popular and scientific writings. However, when people are faced with situations in which they cannot realize a key life goal, the most adaptive response for mental and physical health may be to disengage from that goal. This project followed 90 adolescents over the course of 1 year. Capacities for managing unattainable goals were assessed at baseline, and concentrations of the inflammatory molecule C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified at that time, as well as 6 and 12 months later. To the extent that subjects had difficulties disengaging from unattainable goals, they displayed increasing concentrations of CRP over the follow-up. This association was independent of potential confounds, including adiposity, smoking, and depression. Because excessive inflammation contributes to a variety of adverse medical outcomes, these findings suggest that in some contexts, persistence may actually undermine well-being and good health.
Review of A Large Clinical Series: A Microcosting Study of Intensive Care Unit Stay in the Netherlands

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the actual daily costs of intensive care unit stay using a microcosting methodology. As a secondary objective, the degree of association between daily intensive care unit costs and some patient characteristics was examined. This multicenter, retrospective cost analysis was conducted in the medical-surgical adult intensive care units of 1 university and 2 general hospitals in the Netherlands for 2006, from a hospital perspective. A total of 576 adult patients were included, consuming a total of 2868 nursing days. The mean total costs per intensive care unit day were 1911, with labour (33%) and indirect costs (33%) as the most important cost drivers. An ordinary least squares analysis including age, Nine Equivalent of Nursing Manpower Use score/Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score, mechanical ventilation, blood products, and renal replacement therapy was able to predict 50% of the daily intensive care unit costs.
Membrane topology of the outer membrane protein OprH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: PCR-mediated site-directed insertion and deletion mutagenesis

The 21-kDa outer membrane protein OprH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is overexpressed under Mg2+ starvation conditions and when overproduced causes resistance to polymyxin B, gentamicin, and EDTA. By circular dichroism analysis, OprH revealed a calculated beta-sheet structure content of 47.3%. PCR-based site-directed deletion and epitope insertion mutagenesis was used to test a topological model of OprH as an eight-stranded beta-barrel. Three permissive and seven nonpermissive malarial epitope insertion mutants and four permissive and four nonpermissive deletion mutants confirmed the general accuracy of this model. Thus, OprH is the smallest outer membrane protein to date to be confirmed as a beta-stranded protein.
Quantiferon-TB Gold: Performance for Ruling out Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults with High CD4 Count in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Objective To assess the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test for active tuberculosis (TB) in HIV adults, and its variation over time in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and/or isoniazide preventive therapy (IPT). Methods Transversal study and cohort nested in the Temprano ANRS 12136 randomized controlled trial assessing benefits of initiating ART earlier than currently recommended by World Health Organization, with or without a 6-month IPT. Performance of QFT-GIT for detecting active TB at baseline in the first 50% participants, and 12-month incidence of conversion/reversion in the first 25% participants were assessed. QFT-GIT threshold for positivity was 0.35 IU/ml. Results Among the 975 first participants (median baseline CD4 count 383/mm3, positive QFT-GIT test 35%), 2.7% had active TB at baseline. QFT-GIT sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for active TB were 88.0%, 66.6%, 6.5% and 99.5%. For the 444 patients with a second test at 12 months, rates for conversion and reversion were 9.3% and 14%. Reversion was more frequent in patients without ART and younger patients. IPT and early ART were not associated with reversion/conversion. Conclusion A negative QFT-GIT could rule out active TB in HIV-infected adults not severely immunosuppressed, thus avoiding repeated TB testing and accelerating diagnosis and care for other diseases. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00495651.
A PSO algorithm for improving multi-view classification

The Multi-view or multi-modality learning approach is becoming popular for providing different representations of a problem from which classifiers can learn from. Examples of these representations are, for instance, sound and image for the case of the video classification problem. The main idea behind multi-view learning is that learning from these representations separately can lead to better gains than merging them into a single dataset. In the same way as ensembles combine results from different classifiers, the outputs given by classifiers in different views have to be combined in order to provide a final class for an example. This paper proposes a PSO algorithm to combine the outputs coming from different views. It also considers that some views may be better at classifying specific classes, and provides weighting schemes for both views and classes. Experiments were performed in two datasets with three views each, and compared with all views in a single dataset, a majority voting scheme and a scheme based on the Dempster-Shafer theory. Experimental results show that the PSO obtains statistically better results than the other approaches evaluated.
Doc2b promotes GLUT4 exocytosis by activating the SNARE-mediated fusion reaction in a calcium- and membrane bending–dependent manner

Reconstitution of GLUT4 vesicle fusion in a defined fusion system shows that the C2-domain factor Doc2b activates the SNARE-dependent fusion reaction by a calcium- and membrane bending–dependent mechanism. Of importance, certain features of Doc2b function appear to be distinct from how synaptotagmin-1 promotes synaptic release.
Women gain weight and fat mass despite lipectomy at abdominoplasty and breast reduction.

OBJECTIVES In animal models, fat removal results in compensatory weight gain. No study has reported measurement of weight following lipectomy in humans. We have examined changes in weight in patients who underwent lipectomy. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, 16 patients who had abdominoplasty and 17 patients who underwent bilateral breast reduction were compared with 16 patients who had carpal tunnel syndrome release. Following this, a prospective study was carried out on 7 subjects awaiting abdominoplasty and 12 subjects awaiting bilateral breast reduction surgery. RESULTS In the retrospective study, all three patient groups gained weight following surgery. The abdominoplasty group was heavier before surgery and showed greatest weight gain but there was no statistically significant difference in weight gain between the groups. In the prospective study, the abdominoplasty group had a mean fat removal of 1.77 kg and breast reduction group had a mean of 3.22 kg. Eighteen months following surgery the abdominoplasty group showed a significant mean increase in body weight (mean increase: 4.82 kg) and body mass index (BMI) (mean increase: 1.66 kg/m(2)). In the bilateral breast reduction group, there was a non-significant mean gain in weight (mean increase: 0.67 kg) and BMI (mean increase: 0.21 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing lipectomy during abdominoplasty and bilateral breast reduction will gain weight in the long term. This weight gain probably reflects the expected gain in weight without surgery as a similar finding is observed in patients who have undergone surgery without lipectomy. These results highlight the limitation of lipectomy as a weight control measure.
Ieee Transactions on Affective Computing, Manuscript Id 1 Identifying User-specific Facial Affects from Spontaneous Expressions with Minimal Annotation

—This paper presents PADMA (Personalized Affect Detection with Minimal Annotation), a user-dependent approach for identifying affective states from spontaneous facial expressions without the need for expert annotation. The conventional approach relies on the use of key frames in recorded affect sequences and requires an expert observer to identify and annotate the frames. It is susceptible to user variability and accommodating individual differences is difficult. The alternative is a user-dependent approach, but it would be prohibitively expensive to collect and annotate data for each user. PADMA uses a novel Association-based Multiple Instance Learning (AMIL) method, which learns a personal facial affect model through expression frequency analysis, and does not need expert input or frame-based annotation. PADMA involves a training/calibration phase in which the user watches short video segments and reports the affect that best describes his/her overall feeling throughout the segment. The most indicative facial gestures are identified and extracted from the facial response video, and the association between gesture and affect labels is determined by the distribution of the gesture over all reported affects. Hence both the geometric deformation and distribution of key facial gestures are specially adapted for each user. We show results that demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness and extensibility of our approach.
Ectoparasite fitness in auxiliary hosts: phylogenetic distance from a principal host matters

We studied reproductive performance in two flea species (Parapulex chephrenis and Xenopsylla ramesis) exploiting either a principal or one of eight auxiliary host species. We predicted that fleas would produce more eggs and adult offspring when exploiting (i) a principal host than an auxiliary host and (ii) an auxiliary host phylogenetically close to a principal host than an auxiliary host phylogenetically distant from a principal host. In both flea species, egg production per female after one feeding and production of new imago after a timed period of an uninterrupted stay on a host differed significantly between host species. In general, egg and/or new imago production in fleas feeding on an auxiliary host was lower than in fleas feeding on the principal host, except for the auxiliary host that was the closest relative of the principal host. When all auxiliary host species were considered, we did not find any significant relationship between either egg or new imago production in fleas exploiting an auxiliary host and phylogenetic distance between this host and the principal host. However, when the analyses were restricted to auxiliary hosts belonging to the same family as the principal host (Muridae), new imago production (for P. chephrenis) or both egg and new imago production (for X. ramesis) in an auxiliary host decreased significantly with an increase in phylogenetic distance between the auxiliary and principal host. Our results demonstrated that a parasite achieves higher fitness in auxiliary hosts that are either the most closely related to or the most distant from its principal host. This may affect host associations of a parasite invading new areas.
Control of Cellular Physiology by TM9 Proteins in Yeast and Dictyostelium*

TM9 proteins constitute a well defined family, characterized by the presence of a large variable extracellular domain and nine putative transmembrane domains. This family is highly conserved throughout evolution and comprises three members in Dictyostelium discoideum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and four in humans and mice. In Dictyostelium, previous analysis demonstrated that TM9 proteins are implicated in cellular adhesion. In this study, we generated TM9 mutants in S. cerevisiae and analyzed their phenotype with particular attention to cellular adhesion. S. cerevisiae strains lacking any one of the three TM9 proteins were severely suppressed for adhesive growth and filamentous growth under conditions of nitrogen starvation. In these mutants, expression of the FLO11-lacZ reporter gene was strongly reduced, whereas expression of FRE(Ty1)-lacZ was not, suggesting that TM9 proteins are implicated at a late stage of nutrient-controlled signaling pathways. We also reexamined the phenotype of Dictyostelium TM9 mutant cells, focusing on nutrient-controlled cellular functions. Although the initiation of multicellular development and autophagy was unaltered in Dictyostelium TM9 mutants, nutrient-controlled secretion of lysosomal enzymes was dysregulated in these cells. These results suggest that in both yeast and amoebae, TM9 proteins participate in the control of specific cellular functions in response to changing nutrient conditions.