Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Each Other at Work: An Examination of the Effects of Perceived Empathetic Listening on Psychological Safety in the Supervisor-Subordinate Relationship

of Dissertation . vi List of Figures . xiv List of Tables . xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Statement of the Problem . 2 Purpose and Research Questions . 7 Hypotheses . 8 Significance of the Study . 13 Theoretical Foundations and Conceptual Framework . 16 Primary Construct: Psychological Safety . 16 Definitions of Psychological Safety. 18 Psychological Safety in Dyadic Relationships in the Workplace . 19 The Supervisor‘s Role in Creating Psychological Safety . 20 Secondary Construct: Listening in the Supervisor-Subordinate Relationship . 21 The Listening Supervisor . 21 Listening Effectiveness . 21 The Creation of a Listening Environment . 23 Research Design Framework . 25 Overview of the Methodology . 26
Testing, not Modelling, the Impact of Cohesion Support: A Theoretical Framework and some Preliminary Results for the Spanish Regions

This paper develops a simple model that can be used to estimate the effectiveness of Cohesion expenditure relative to similar but unsubsidized projects, thereby making it possible to explicitly test an important assumption that is often implicit in estimates of the impact of Cohesion policies. Some preliminary results are reported for the case of infrastructure investment in the Spanish regions.
Memantine Reverses Social Withdrawal Induced by Ketamine in Rats

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of memantine on schizophrenia-like symptoms in a ketamine-induced social withdrawal model in rats. We examined therapeutic effects of memantine, an NMDA antagonist, and haloperidol, a classic antipsychotic drug, on this behavioral model. Administration of memantine (10 or 15 mg·kg-1) significantly reduced ketamine-induced social withdrawal, and this effect was more effective than that of haloperidol (0.25 mg·kg-1) by restoring the social interaction between rats with no modification in general motor activity. These results suggest that memantine could have a therapeutic potential for schizophrenia.
The baryonic mass function of galaxies

In the Big Bang about 5% of the mass that was created was in the form of normal baryonic matter (neutrons and protons). Of this about 10% ended up in galaxies in the form of stars or of gas (that can be in molecules, can be atomic, or can be ionized). In this work, we measure the baryonic mass function of galaxies, which describes how the baryonic mass is distributed within galaxies of different types (e.g. spiral or elliptical) and of different sizes. This can provide useful constraints on our current cosmology, convolved with our understanding of how galaxies form. This work relies on various large astronomical surveys, e.g. the optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (to observe stars) and the HIPASS radio survey (to observe atomic gas). We then perform an integral over our mass function to determine the cosmological density of baryons in galaxies: Ωb,gal=0.0035. Most of these baryons are in stars: Ω*=0.0028. Only about 20% are in gas. The error on the quantities, as determined from the range obtained between different methods, is ca 10%; systematic errors may be much larger. Most (ca 90%) of the baryons in the Universe are not in galaxies. They probably exist in a warm/hot intergalactic medium. Searching for direct observational evidence and deeper theoretical understanding for this will form one of the major challenges for astronomy in the next decade.
Emerging therapies: angiogenesis inhibitors for ovarian cancer

Introduction: Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have a high rate of recurrence, and overall survival remains at ∼ 25%. There is a need for new treatments that can increase progression free survival and quality of life. Recent clinical trials focus on angiogenesis, VEGFs, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors that play a role in recurrence, metastasis, and ascites in EOC. Areas covered: This review summarizes clinical rationale, mechanisms of action, and clinical data for angiogenesis inhibitors under evaluation in Phase II and III trials for EOC. Anti-angiogenesis agents reviewed in this paper include aflibercept, bevacizumab, cediranib, fosbretabulin, imatinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, saracatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and trebananib. Expert opinion: These agents have particular rationale for potential use in EOC due to the molecular changes associated with EOC tumorigenesis, namely a significant increase in angiogenic activity. Due to the costs and toxicities associated with anti-angiogenics, biomarker or molecular signature selection strategy for patients who will most benefit would be ideal but no such strategy has been validated to date.
Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural 5A Protein Induces Interleukin-8, Leading to Partial Inhibition of the Interferon-Induced Antiviral Response

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of liver disease worldwide, is frequently resistant to the antiviral alpha interferon (IFN). The HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein has been implicated in HCV antiviral resistance in many studies. NS5A antagonizes the IFN antiviral response in vitro, and one mechanism is via inhibition of a key IFN-induced enzyme, the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). In the present study we determined if NS5A uses other strategies to subvert the IFN system. Expression of full-length NS5A proteins from patients who exhibited a complete response (FL-NS5A-CR) or were nonresponsive (FL-NS5A-NR) to IFN therapy in HeLa cells had no effect on IFN induction of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF-3). Expression of mutant NS5A proteins lacking 110 (NS5A-ΔN110), 222 (NS5A-ΔN222), and 334 amino-terminal amino acids and mutants lacking 117 and 230 carboxy-terminal amino acids also had no effect on ISGF-3 induction by IFN. Expression of FL-NS5A-CR and FL-NS5A-NR did not affect IFN-induced STAT-1 tyrosine phosphorylation or upregulation of PKR and major histocompatibility complex class I antigens. However, NS5A expression in human cells induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA and protein, and this effect correlated with inhibition of the antiviral effects of IFN in an in vitro bioassay. NS5A induced transcription of a reporter gene driven by the IL-8 promoter, and the first 133 bp of the IL-8 promoter made up the minimal domain required for NS5A transactivation. NS5A-ΔN110 and NS5A-ΔN222 stimulated the IL-8 promoter to higher levels than did the full-length NS5A protein, and this correlated with increased nuclear localization of the proteins. Additional mutagenesis of the IL-8 promoter suggested that NF-κB and AP-1 were important in NS5A-ΔN222 transactivation in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha and that NF–IL-6 was inhibitory to this process. This study suggests that NS5A inhibits the antiviral actions of IFN by at least two mechanisms and provides the first evidence for a biological effect of the transcriptional activity of the NS5A protein. During HCV infection, viral proteins may induce chemokines that contribute to HCV antiviral resistance and pathogenesis.
Hay-bait traps are a useful tool for sampling of soil dwelling millipedes and centipedes

Abstract Some species of centipedes and millipedes inhabit upper soil layers exclusively and are not recorded by pitfall trapping. Because of their sensitivity to soil conditions, they can be sampled quantitatively for evaluation of soil conditions. Soil samples are heavy to transport and their processing is time consuming, and such sampling leads to disturbance of the soil surface which land-owners do not like. We evaluated the use of hay-bait traps to sample soil dwelling millipedes and centipedes. The effectiveness of this method was found to be similar to the effectiveness of soil sampling. Hay-bait traps installed for 8–10 weeks can substitute for direct soil sampling in ecological and inventory studies.
The role of self-identity, past behaviour and their interaction in predicting intention to purchase fresh and processed organic food

This study examined the impact of moral norms, self-identity, and past behavior on intention to buy organic tomatoes and organic tomato sauce, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The questionnaire, which included measures of attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, past behavior, and self-identity was completed by approximately 500 people for each food. Multiple regressions showed that for both foods, moral norms and self-identity added significantly to the prediction of intention over and above the other variables, even when the effect of past behavior was included. There was some evidence of past behavior moderating the self-identity/intention relationship for processed organic tomato sauce, but not for fresh organic tomatoes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Reaching Harmony Across Indigenous and Mainstream Research Contexts: An Emergent Narrative

Research with indigenous communities is one of the few areas of research encompassing profound controversies, complexities, ethical responsibilities, and historical context of exploitation and harm. Often this complexity becomes overwhelmingly apparent to the early career researcher who endeavors to make meaningful contributions to decolonizing research. Decolonizing research has the capacity to be a catalyst for the improved wellbeing and positive social change among indigenous communities and beyond. The purpose of this critical analysis is to reach harmony across mainstream and indigenous research contexts. We martial critical theory to deconstruct barriers to decolonizing research, such as power inequities, and identify strategies to overcome these barriers. First, we critically analyze the historical context of decolonizing research with indigenous communities. Next, we analyze the concept of “insider” and “outsider” research. We identify barriers and strategies toward finding harmony across indigenous and mainstream research paradigms and contexts.
Fast Polarization and Finite-Length Scaling for Non-Stationary Channels

We consider the problem of polar coding for transmission over a non-stationary sequence of independent binary-input memoryless symmetric (BMS) channels $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{\infty}$, where the $i$-th encoded bit is transmitted over $W_i$. We show, for the first time, a polar coding scheme that achieves the effective average symmetric capacity $$ \overline{I}(\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{\infty}) \ := \lim_{N\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N I(W_i), $$ assuming that the limit exists. The polar coding scheme is constructed using Ar{\i}kan's channel polarization transformation in combination with certain permutations at each polarization level and certain skipped operations. This guarantees a fast polarization process that results in polar coding schemes with block lengths upper bounded by a polynomial of $1/\epsilon$, where $\epsilon$ is the gap to the average capacity. More specifically, given an arbitrary sequence of BMS channels $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{N}$ and $P_e$, where $0 < P_e <1$, we construct a polar code of length $N$ and rate $R$ guaranteeing a block error probability of at most $P_e$ for transmission over $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{N}$ such that $$ N \leq \frac{\kappa}{(\overline{I}_N - R)^{\mu}} $$ where $\mu$ is a constant, $\kappa$ is a constant depending on $P_e$ and $\mu$, and $\overline{I}_N$ is the average of the symmetric capacities $I(W_i)$, for $i=1,2,,\dots,N$. We further show a numerical upper bound on $\mu$ that is: $\mu \leq 10.78$. The encoding and decoding complexities of the constructed polar code preserves $O(N \log N)$ complexity of Ar{\i}kan's polar codes.
Vascular risk assessment in patients with sickle cell disease

This year marks the 100th year since sickle cell disease (SCD) was first described in Western medical literature by Dr. James B. Herrick, a Chicago physician who published his observations of the irregular shape of a patient’s red blood cells in November 1910. [1][1] The myriad clinical features of
Las aguas subterráneas en los cotos de Doñana y su influencia en las lagunas

La zona de estudio, denominada Los Cotos, esta ubicada en el PND, en el SO de Espana, ocupando parte de las provincias de Huelva y Sevilla. Es destacable la existencia de un cordon dunar costero en el que cohabitan dunas moviles y estables asi como la aparicion de numerosas lagunas interdunares de naturaleza freatica en las depresiones topograficas. Uno de los objetivos de esta tesis es mejorar y avanzar en el conocimiento de los factores hidrogeologicos que condicionan el funcionamiento de dichas zonas humedas. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revision del modelo conceptual de flujo de agua subterranea , un reconocimiento detallado de los flujos de agua subterranea en el entorno de las lagunas, y una caracterizacion quimica e isotopica de las aguas subterraneas y superficiales para identificar los procesos modificadores de su composicion quimica e isotopica. Otro de los objetivos es tratar de evaluar la situacion real de la zona en cuanto a los posibles impactos sobre las aguas subterraneas y superficiales al modificar las extracciones del entorno, los usos del suelo y la recarga de la zona. Para esto se ha pasmado toda la informacion en un modelo numerico preliminar, a modo de herramienta auxiliar para realizar una primera evaluacion de estos impactos. Tras un estudio mas detallado y profundo, y a la luz de los nuevos datos obtenidos de recientes perforaciones, el modelo geologico parala zona de Los Cotos queda establecido de la siguiente forma: 1,- Unidad Superior, homogenea, constituida por arenas finas o medias, con algunos niveles subordinados de arcillas arenosas pero de escasa continuidad lateral. 2,- Unidad Intermedia, compuesta pro arcillas grises, con niveles subordinados de arenas, gravas y calizas travertinicas (en la zona norte); presenta su potencia maxima en el entorno del ecotono y se va acunando hacia el O hasta desaparecer en El Abalario. 3,- Unidad Inferior, muy heterogenea, formada por are
The correlates of phone-in frequency, duration and the number of suggestions made in live supervision

The relationship between the parameters of live supervisory phone-ins and particular supervisory and therapy processes were examined in this study. The frequency of phone-ins and the number of suggestions made by supervisors were associated with specific therapist, supervisor and client behaviours. Less frequent phone-ins (five or fewer per session) were associated with greater client cooperation, greater supervisor collaboration and, surprisingly, less therapist collaboration with clients. There was also a trend for client cooperation to occur more frequently following phone-ins in which four or more suggestions were made. The duration of phone-in events was not significantly associated with the supervisory and therapy processes examined in this study.
Terpenoid and carbonyl emissions from Norway spruce in Finland during the growing season

Abstract. We present spring and summer volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rate measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growing in a boreal forest in southern Finland. The measurements were conducted using in situ gas chromatograph with 1 to 2 h time resolution to reveal quantitative and qualitative short-term and seasonal variability of the emissions. The measurements cover altogether 14 weeks in years 2011, 2014 and 2015. Monoterpene (MT) and sesquiterpene (SQT) emission rates were measured all the time, but isoprene only in 2014 and 2015 and acetone and C4–C10 aldehydes only in 2015. The emission rates of all the compounds were low in spring, but MT, acetone, and C4–C10 aldehyde emission rates increased as summer proceeded, reaching maximum emission rates in July. Late summer mean values (late July and August) were 29, 17, and 33 ng g(dw)−1 h−1 for MTs, acetone, and aldehydes respectively. SQT emission rates increased during the summer and highest emissions were measured in late summer (late summer mean value 84 ng g(dw)−1 h−1) concomitant with highest linalool emissions most likely due to stress effects. The between-tree variability of emission pattern was studied by measuring seven different trees during the same afternoon using adsorbent tubes. Especially the contributions of limonene, terpinolene, and camphene were found to vary between trees, whereas proportions of α-pinene (25 ± 5 %) and β-pinene (7 ± 3 %) were more stable. Our results show that it is important to measure emissions at canopy level due to irregular emission pattern, but reliable SQT emission data can be measured only from enclosures. SQT emissions contributed more than 90 % of the ozone reactivity most of the time, and about 70 % of the OH reactivity during late summer. The contribution of aldehydes to OH reactivity was comparable to that of MT during late summer, 10–30 % most of the time.
Stages or Continua in Second Language Acquisition: A MOGUL Solution

References to developmental stages and continua seem to be part and parcel of investigations into the acquisition of new grammars. Nonetheless, there seems to be an equivocation in the literature about which is actually the most helpful way of explaining how learner grammars evolve through time. Some see development essentially as gradual growth and, in this perspective, talking about a sequence of discrete stages looks like an artificial way of organizing learner data imposed by researchers simply as a matter of convenience. Indeed, the evidence does lend support to the idea of a learner not only developing new solutions to how the L2 works very gradually, but also entertaining alternative solutions at the same time. At the same time, from a linguistic perspective, it often makes sense to see development as a stepwise movement from one rule system to another: the acquisition literature is consequently full of references to stages and evidence to back up this type of analysis. In this paper, we will attempt to resolve the apparent conflict by adopting a language processing perspective called MOGUL that allows for both stages and continua and we shall illustrate our proposals using empirical findings from the second language acquisition literature.
THE REAL-LIFE BENEFITS OF COGNITIVE TRAINING

This study purposes to determine if positive behavioral and academic effects are in evidence upon a student’s completion of a cognitive skills training program, thereby showing that improvements in cognitive skills can translate into better performance in reallife, day-to-day activities. The Learning Skills Rating Scale (Gibson, 2007) served as the evaluation tool for this purpose. Areas of focus include attention skills, processing speed, auditory processing skills, memory skills, visual processing skills, logic and reasoning skills, sensory and motor skills, the presence of argumentative (oppositional) behavior, and school and/or work performance. Based on information provided by parent surveys, student participants easily fit into one of three groups. The first group consisted of those involved in the ReadRx program, a sound-to-code reading training that teaches both reading and spelling concurrently. Students in the second group were participating in the ThinkRx program, which provides intense training to help students develop or hone skills involved in cognition. Finally, students who were not working with either program comprised the third group. Two of the three variables yielded significant differences between pre and post surveys. Both cognition and academic success increased significantly in those students who had completed a cognitive skills training program. Behavior also improved with these students, though not significantly. Students who did not complete a cognitive skills training program showed no improvement in the three variables. Limitations of this study include response bias, in which respondents may attempt to present images of their children or of themselves that may not be true. Additionally, the sample is non-random (i.e., random assignment did not control the placement of students in groups). The study’s third limitation is the possibility of examiner effect on scores, in which the examiner’s expectancy can influence observations or results. The fourth limitation of this study is generalizability. Because there are a variety of different training programs available and this study focuses on two specific programs, methods of cognitive training in other programs may be different ( i.e., online training, home-based programs, and other self-directed methods). This study focusses on the delivery method of one-on-one training to the exclusion of other delivery methods. Direction for future study might seek someone other than the student or his or her parent(s) to complete the Learning Skills Rating Scale. Future research is necessary to determine additional factors that contribute to a student’s inability to achieve at his or her highest level.
Differences in perceptions of what constitutes having "had sex" in a population of people living with HIV/AIDS.

The reduction of high-risk sexual behavior among HIV-infected individuals is a major aspect of prevention strategies to reduce HIV infection in the United States. These prevention efforts assume a common understanding between clinicians and HIV-infected individuals of the terms "sex" and what constitutes having "had sex. " The purpose of this study was to determine what sexual behaviors HIV-infected individuals perceive as having had sex and to examine the variability of these perceptions. Surveys were done of 279 HIV-positive adults receiving services at an HIV-focused community health center in Dallas, TX. Responses from participants about whether they perceived a given behavior as constituting having had sex were analyzed by Chi-squared analysis. Overall, only 80.9% of respondents perceived penile-vaginal intercourse as "sex," while 76.9% said they "had sex" if someone had oral contact with their genitals. There were gender and ethnicity differences in what was perceived as having had sex. Females were significantly less likely than males to perceive anal intercourse as having had sex. Variability exists among HIV-positive individuals regarding what they perceive as having had sex. Results support the need for clinicians to more precisely ascertain sexual perceptions and risks to achieve HIV prevention goals.
Localization of vascular response to VEGF is not dependent on heparin binding

The major vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms are splice variants from a single gene that differ in their extent of heparin affinity due to the absence of the heparin binding domain in the smallest isoform (mouse VEGF120, human VEGF121). A long‐held assumption that has guided the use of VEGF isoforms clinically has been that their differences in heparin binding dictate their ability to diffuse through tissue, with VEGF121 moving most freely and that the distribution of recombinant VEGF would have therapeutically relevant consequences. To test this assumption, we delivered the genes encoding these isoforms by myoblast‐medi‐ated gene transfer, a means of delivering genes to highly localized sites within muscle. Surprisingly, all isoforms induced comparable extremely localized physiological effects. Significantly, irrespective of the isoform delivered, the vessels passing within several micrometers of muscle fibers expressing VEGF displayed sharply delineated changes in morphology. The induction of capillary wrapping around VEGF‐producing fibers, and of vascular malformations in the muscle at high levels, did not differ among isoforms. These results indicate that heparin binding is not essential for the localization of VEGF in adult tissue and suggest that the preferential delivery of VEGF121 cDNA for clinical applications may not have a physiological basis. –Springer M. L. , Banfi, A. , Ye, J., von Degenfeld G. , Kraft, P. E. , Saini, S. A. , Kapasi, N. K. , Blau H. M. Localization of vascular response to VEGF is not dependent on heparin binding. FASEB J. 21, 2074–2085 (2007)