Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Age and Gender on the Weight and Use of Schoolbags

Purpose: To examine age and gender differences in schoolbag use and to compare findings in Greece with those of other countries. Method: Schoolbag weight and carrying characteristics were assessed in 703 boys and girls aged 6 to 14 years. Results: Multinomial logistic regression models showed that younger students (6–8 years) were almost 5 more times more likely to carry heavier schoolbags than older students (p < 0.05). Similarly, more girls than boys carried heavier bags, and girls were twice more likely to experience fatigue symptoms when carrying schoolbags compared with boys (p < 0.05). The mean schoolbag weight was 12.4% of the student's body weight and moderately heavier than that reported for other countries. Conclusions: Younger children are in greater need for education about schoolbag weight compared with older ones. There is also evidence that girls might experience more problems when carrying their schoolbag compared with boys.
Migrating Object Oriented code to Aspect Oriented Programming

Aspect oriented programming (AOP) is a new programming paradigm that offers a novel modularization unit for the crosscutting concerns. Functionalities originally spread across several modules and tangled with each other can be factored out into a single, separate unit, called an aspect. We investigated automated techniques that can be used to support the migration of existing Object Oriented Programming (OOP) code to AOP. To migrate an application to the new paradigm, a preliminary identification of the cross-cutting concerns is required (aspect mining). Then refactoring is applied to transform the scattered concerns into aspects. The proposed methods have been assessed on case studies for a total of more than half a million lines of code.
Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Brachial-ankle elasticity index (baEI; also known as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity) has been proposed as a surrogate end point for cardiovascular disease. We performed a meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies for determining the ability of baEI to predict risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality and dissecting factors influencing this predictive ability. Multiple online databases, reference lists from retrieved articles, and abstracts from international cardiovascular conventions were searched until April 2012. Longitudinal cohort studies that reported associations of baEI with clinical risk were included. Of the 18 studies included (8169 participants; mean follow-up, 3.6 years), 15 reported results on total cardiovascular events (5544 individuals), 7 on cardiovascular mortality (2274 individuals), and 9 on all-cause mortality (5097 individuals). The pooled relative risks for total cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were 2.95 (95% CI, 1.63–5.33), 5.36 (95% CI, 2.17–13.27), and 2.45 (95% CI, 1.56–3.86), respectively, for subjects with high versus low baEI (all P<0.001). An increase in baEI by 1 m/s corresponded with an increase of 12%, 13%, and 6% in total cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality, respectively. We conclude that baEI is associated with increased risk of total cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Issues such as expansion of data to non-Asian populations, validation of path length estimation, determination of reference values, and prospective comparison with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity remain to be resolved.
Which Graphs for Visual Modeling?

Visual modelling languages and techniques employ a wide var i ty of diagrams and graphs to describe different aspects of complex s ystems. The consistency of a set of graphs and the conversion of one view i nto another one is often an issue in verifying the correctness of a specifi cation. By making ‘loops’ explicit, it is possible to use one kind of struct re for different views, referring to ‘semantic’ rules for their different me aning.
Limb development and evolution: a frog embryo with no apical ectodermal ridge (AER)

The treefrog Eleutherodactylus coqui is a direct developer — it has no tadpole stage. The limb buds develop earlier than in metamorphosing species (indirect developers, such as Xenopus laevis). Previous molecular studies suggest that at least some mechanisms of limb development in E. coqui are similar to those of other vertebrates and we wished to see how limb morphogenesis in this species compares with that in other vertebrates. We found that the hind limb buds are larger and more advanced than the forelimbs at all stages examined, thus differing from the typical amniote pattern. The limb buds were also small compared to those in the chick. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that although the apical ectoderm is thickened, there was no apical ectodermal ridge (AER). In addition, the limb buds lacked the dorsoventral flattening seen in many amniotes. These findings could suggest a mechanical function for the AER in maintaining dorsoventral flattening, although not all data are consistent with this view. Removal of distal ectoderm from E. coqui hindlimb buds does not stop outgrowth, although it does produce anterior defects in the skeletal pattern. The defects are less severe when the excisions are performed earlier. These results contrast with the chick, in which AER excision leads to loss of distal structures. We suggest that an AER was present in the common ancestor of anurans and amniotes and has been lost in at least some direct developers including E. coqui.
Aortic Root Remodeling Over the Adult Life Course: Longitudinal Data From the Framingham Heart Study

Background— Aortic root remodeling in adulthood is known to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, there is a lack of longitudinal data defining the clinical correlates of aortic root remodeling over the adult life course. Methods and Results— We used serial routine echocardiograms in participants of the Framingham Heart Study to track aortic root diameter over 16 years in mid to late adulthood and to determine its short-term (4 years; n=6099 observations in 3506 individuals) and long-term (16 years; n=14 628 observations in 4542 individuals) clinical correlates by multilevel modeling. Age, sex, body size, and blood pressure were principal correlates of aortic remodeling in both short- and long-term analyses (all P≤0.01). Aortic root diameter increased with age in both men and women but was larger in men at any given age. Each 10-year increase in age was associated with a larger aortic root (by 0.89 mm in men and 0.68 mm in women) after adjustment for body size and blood pressure. A 5-kg/m2 increase in body mass index was associated with a larger aortic root (by 0.78 mm in men and 0.51 mm in women) after adjustment for age and blood pressure. Each 10-mm Hg increase in pulse pressure was related to a smaller aortic root (by 0.19 mm in men and 0.08 mm in women) after adjustment for age and body size. Conclusions— These longitudinal community-based data show that aortic root remodeling occurs over mid to late adulthood and is principally associated with age, sex, body size, and blood pressure. The underlying basis for these differences and implications for the development of cardiovascular events deserve further study.
Ubiquitous Biofeedback Serious Game for Stress Management

Serious games augment utilitarian applications with an entertainment dimension. Hence, information pertaining to a utilitarian objective is seamlessly incorporated into the gaming scenario. In this paper, we present the concept of ubiquitous biofeedback serious games (UBSGs), a family of games that integrate biofeedback processes in their operation. They rely on physiological inputs collected from the player through biological sensors for game control. These physiological inputs are converted into quantifiable parameters that reflect the status of a certain physiological process. To prove the practicality of this concept, we develop a UBSG aimed at providing mental stress management services to players. We assess the ability of the game feedback to assist players in modulating their behavior to reduce their stress levels. In our evaluation, we have shown that the majority of participating subjects showed more control over their mental stress when game feedback was enabled.
Meridional differences in temporal response characteristics

It is well established that a large variety of psychophysical factors influence the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF). Several recent studies have examined the relationship between CFF and retinal location with confounding and contradictory results. The aim of this study was to determine the CFF for a number of stimulus sizes and luminances in an attempt to evaluate the interactive effects of these parameters and the quadrantic variation in temporal sensitivity.
ijsr . net Psychological Problems and Coping Strategies Adopted By Post Menopausal Women

Background: Hormones are important in menstruation and in post menopausal period, blood level of some of the hormones is decreased. There are physical, physiological, psychological and social effects due to changed hormonal level. In some women psychological changes are more prominent and may affect the mental health and social life of the women. Modifications in life style and adopting coping strategies during menopausal period are important. Methods: A survey of 100 postmenopausal women, selected by convenient sampling method was done using structured questionnaire Pune city. The questions were directed towards assessment of psychological problems faced by the samples and coping strategies adopted by them to overcome the psychological problems.Findings: 57% women have mild psychological problems and 78% women are adopting coping strategies to overcome these problems. Association between the psychological problems and coping strategies shows that there is a strong significant association between the psychological problems and coping strategies. Score of both psychological problems and coping strategies are observed to be lying between 21-60.It shows that the postmenopausal women’s are having mild to moderate psychological problems and they are using coping strategies often.Conclusion: Post menopausal women face psychological problems; they also adopt coping strategies to overcome these problems. Nurse educators.
Adrenal Cortex Remodeling and Functional Zona Glomerulosa Hyperplasia in Primary Aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension with hypokalemia and suppressed renin-angiotensin system caused by autonomous aldosterone production. Our aim was to compare zona glomerulosa (ZG) structure and function between control adrenals and the peritumoral tissue from patients operated on for aldosterone-producing adenoma. ZG morphology and CYP11B1, CYP11B2, and disabled 2 expression were studied in 15 control adrenals and 25 adrenals with aldosterone-producing adenoma. A transcriptome analysis was done using publicly available data sets. In control adrenals, ZG was discontinuous, and CYP11B2 expression was focal or partly continuous and localized to 3 structures, foci, megafoci, and aldosterone-producing cell clusters. CYP11B2 expression was restricted to a limited number of ZG cells expressing Dab2 but not CYP11B1; aldosterone-producing cell clusters were composed of cells with an intermediate phenotype expressing CYP11B2 but not disabled 2 or CYP11B1. In peritumoral tissue, large remodeling of the adrenal cortex was observed with increased nodulation and decreased vascularization that were not correlated with CYP11B2 expression. In 17 out of 25 adrenals, hyperplasia of adjacent ZG was observed with persistent expression of CYP11B2 that was extended to the entire ZG. In all of the adrenals from patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma, CYP11B2 expression was present in foci, megafoci, and aldosterone-producing cell clusters. Transcriptome profiling indicates a close relationship between peritumoral and control adrenal cortex. In conclusion, adrenal cortex remodeling, reduced vascularization, and ZG hyperplasia are major features of adrenals with aldosterone-producing adenoma. Transcriptional phenotyping is not in favor of this being an intermediate step toward the formation of aldosterone-producing adenoma.
Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessments

Series Preface. Acknowledgments. One Overview. Two Essentials of Storytelling Administration. Three: Essentials of Storytelling Interpretation. Four Essentials of TAT Assessment of Cognition. Five: Essentials of TAT Assessment of Emotion. Six Essentials of TAT Assessment of Object Relations. Seven Essentials of TAT Assessment of Motivation and Self-Regulation. Eight Essentials of the Children s Apperception Test and Other Storytelling Methods for Children. Nine Strengths and Weaknesses of Storytelling Assessment Techniques. Ten Storytelling in the Assessment Battery. References. Annotated Bibliography. Index. About the Author.
Uncovering emergent interactions in three-way combinations of stressors

Understanding how multiple stressors interact is needed to predict the dynamical outcomes of diverse biological systems, ranging from drug-resistant pathogens that are combated and treated with combination drug therapies to ecosystems impacted by environmental toxicants or disturbances. Nevertheless, extensive studies of higher-order (more than two component) interactions have been lacking. Here, we conduct experiments using 20 three-drug combinations and their effects on the bacterial growth of Escherichia coli. We report our measurements of growth rates in single, pairwise and triple-drug combinations. To uncover emergent interactions, we derive a simple framework to calculate expectations for three-way interactions based on the measured impact of each individual stressor and of each pairwise interaction. Using our framework, we find that (i) emergent antagonisms are more common than emergent synergies and (ii) emergent antagonisms are more common and emergent synergies are more rare than would be inferred from measures of net effects that do not disentangle pairwise interactions from three-way interactions.
About a modification of May model of parasite-host system dynamics

Current publication is devoted to the construction of modification of well-known May model of parasite – host system dynamics and its analysis. In basic model and in modified model there is one and the same assumption that under the determined values of sizes of interacting populations number of attacked hosts is determined by binomial law. In modified model it was took into account that hosts, which were attacked two or more times by parasites, die, and it doesn’t lead to the increase of parasite population size. For modified model population dynamic regimes and structure of the space of model parameters are analyzed.
Sustainability of local wisdom transferring on Lanna food.

This qualitative research was conducted to investigate 1) the history and the community context on the wisdom of local food in social dimension and Lanna tradition, 2) the development of local wisdom transferring on Lanna food, and 3) an approach on transferring and maintaining the local wisdom of Lanna food for local sustainability. The informants composed of: 1) experts and scholars on Lanna traditional arts and history, 2) food and nutrition experts, 3) a networking group of Lanna food wisdom, 4) native people, and 5) educational institutions and related organizations. Data were collected from documents, observations, interviews, and group discussions. The findings revealed that: 1) the history and the community context on the wisdom of local food in the social dimension and Lanna tradition were related to the native groups as Thailue, Thaikhern, Thaiyuan, Thailua, and Thaiyong; 2) the food concerned with the Lanna cultures and traditions, beliefs and values were Laab, Gaeng Ho, Gaeng Orm, and Gaeng Khanoon, while those concerned with Lanna history were Gaeng Hungle, Khao Soi, and Khanomjeen Num-ngeow; 3) the transferring and maintaining the local wisdom of Lanna food could be divided into 3 approaches – on cultures and traditions, on beliefs, and on method and skill. An approach on local wisdom transferring of Lanna food included 4 aspects. 1) The local wisdom experts: a database of local wisdom experts on Lanna food should be available. Besides, a provision of food activities for resource persons, communication, and honor and value of local scholars should be supported. 2) The learners: there should be reinforcement of knowledge dissemination among the local people, encouragement on awareness of the value of Lanna food, and motivation on learning. 3) The transferring process: demonstration, participation, creativity, and idea sharing are recommended. 4) The outcomes of knowledge transferring: research, conservation, and development of Lanna food wisdom are needed to be focused.
Metabolic Assessment of Aripiprazole as Adjunctive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Pooled Analysis of 2 Studies

In 2 identical multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, an 8-week prospective treatment phase to ensure inadequate response to standard antidepressants was followed with 6 weeks of aripiprazole (2-20 mg/d) or placebo, plus a standard antidepressant. This pooled analysis involving 737 patients across the 2 studies evaluated the metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder. Outcomes included mean change from end of prospective treatment phase to endpoint in body weight, waist circumference, fasting levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C). Logistic regression determined whether baseline variables were associated with weight gain or whether weight change was associated with clinical outcome. Statistically significant increases occurred in mean body weight (adjunctive aripiprazole, +1.73 kg, vs adjunctive placebo, +0.38 kg; P < 0.001). Significantly more subjects receiving adjunctive aripiprazole had clinically relevant (≥7%) weight gain versus placebo (5.2% vs 0.6%; P < 0.001). More patients treated with adjunctive aripiprazole shifted body mass index category group from normal to overweight and from overweight to obese than those treated with adjunctive placebo. Body mass index, sex, age, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score, fasting TG, fasting glucose, and standard antidepressants were not clinically meaningful predictors of weight gain with adjunctive aripiprazole, and change in weight had no correlation with clinical outcome. Adjunctive aripiprazole produced no significant changes versus placebo in mean waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG, fasting plasma glucose, or hemoglobin A1C. Also, there was no apparent change in the incidence of National Cholesterol Education Program-defined abnormal metabolic measures after treatment with aripiprazole.
Treatment of primitive mental states

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The Measurement of Attentional Deficits

A new methodological procedure has been developed based on the vigilance task for investigating attentional deficits. The subject is directed to respond to visual signals which occur randomly within a temporal sequence of visual events noted as a pattern of flashing lights. The procedures successfully differentiate between children with learning disabilities and normal control subjects. The procedure allows attentional deficits in children to be studied in such a way as to bring variables not previously controlled under experimental scrutiny. The procedure has potentialities as a diagnostic tool.
Evidence for a Specific Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Observational Retrospective Echocardiographic Study in 656 Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aim. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy, occurring among diabetic patients without hypertension or coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. 656 asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes for 14 ± 8 years (359 men, 59.7 ± 8.7 years old, HbA1c 8.7 ± 2.1%) and at least one cardiovascular risk factor had a cardiac echography at rest, a stress cardiac scintigraphy to screen for silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), and, in case of SMI, a coronary angiography to screen for silent CAD. Results. SMI was diagnosed in 206 patients, and 71 of them had CAD. In the 157 patients without hypertension or CAD, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH: 24.1%) was the most frequent abnormality, followed by left ventricular dilation (8.6%), hypokinesia (5.3%), and systolic dysfunction (3.8%). SMI was independently associated with hypokinesia (odds ratio 14.7 [2.7–81.7], p < 0.01) and systolic dysfunction (OR 114.6 [1.7–7907], p < 0.01), while HbA1c (OR 1.9 [1.1–3.2], p < 0.05) and body mass index (OR 1.6 [1.1–2.4], p < 0.05) were associated with systolic dysfunction. LVH was more prevalent among hypertensive patients and hypokinesia in the patients with CAD. Conclusion. In asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy is highly prevalent and is predominantly characterized by LVH. SMI, obesity, and poor glycemic control contribute to structural and functional LV abnormalities.
Changes in autophagy proteins in a rat model of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE Autophagy is involved in several neurodegenerative diseases and recently its role in acute brain injury has won increasing interest. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often lead to permanent neurological deficit. Therefore, in this study, we examined the pro? les of autophagy-linked proteins (MAP-LC3) after SCI to investigate whether the expression of autophagy contributes to neurological deficit after SCI. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into control and SCI groups. All the rates received laminectomy at T8-T10 level. Those in the SCI group received additional exposure of the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, followed by a weight- drop injury. Thereafter we investigated the expression levels of MAP-LC3, beclin-1, Cathepsin D and the beclin-1-binding protein bcl-2 by western blot analysis at 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 21 d and 28 d. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used to compare data between groups. RESULTS We observed significant increase in the level of LC3 (LC3-II/LC3-I) at 3 d and 7 d after SCI when compared with the sham group. While the level of beclin-1 and ratio of beclin-1/bcl-2 was found to have increased from 12 h to 24 h after injury. Cathepsin D expression was also elevated at 7 d (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Based on the above mentioned data, we proposed that autophagy plays a role in the manifestation of cell injury following SCI.