Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality, cognition, and the self

The role of the self in personality and cognition is discussed. Conceptualizations of the self that are evident in traditional personality theory and the more recent cognitive approach are reviewed. Traditionally the self was viewed as conceptually central in many personality theories. Despite this interest however, conceptual and empirical elaboration were limited due to the self's relative empirical intractability. The increasingly cognitive orientation taken by more recent personality theories has afforded a growing interface with the social cognitive literature on the self and access to a new body of conceptual work and empirical methods. This has resulted in more integrative work on the self that has impacted the views of the self in each literature. It is suggested that even as the self plays an integrative and unifying role in individual personality, scholarly work on the social cognitive self has facilitated integration between traditional personality approaches and the more recent social‐cognitive approach. It is also suggested that the self will play an increasingly important role in providing a bridge among social, personality, and clinical psychology in the future. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology Preservation in SOM

The SOM has several beneficial features which make it a useful method for data mining. One of the most important features is the ability to preserve the topology in the projection. There are several measures that can be used to quantify the goodness of the map in order to obtain the optimal projection, including the average quantization error and many topological errors. Many researches have studied how the topology preservation should be measured. One option consists of using the topographic error which considers the ratio of data vectors for which the first and second best BMUs are not adjacent. In this work we present a study of the behaviour of the topographic error in different kinds of maps. We have found that this error devaluates the rectangular maps and we have studied the reasons why this happens. Finally, we suggest a new topological error to improve the deficiency of the topographic error. Keywords—Map lattice, Self-Organizing Map, topographic error, topology preservation.
Comments on cyberbullying article: A rejoinder

In this article, I discuss many of the points raised in the thoughtful comments by Hinduja and Patchin (2012, this issue), Menesini (2012, this issue), and Smith (2012, this issue) on my original article “Cyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon” (Olweus, 2012, this issue). After having seriously considered the arguments of my commentators, I still think there is strong empirical evidence for my original position—supported by one or more but not all of my commentators—that cyberbullying is a basically low-frequent phenomenon and that there has not occurred a marked increase in the prevalence rates of cyberbullying over the past five or six years. With regard to the possible negative effects of cyberbullying, over and above the effects of traditional bullying, I note with appreciation that this issue has received some attention in the recent research literature but I also make a call for more systematic consideration of potential confounders in such studies. A good deal of the discussion in the comments and the current article concerned the issue of whether cyberbullying should be regarded as a form of bullying on a par with traditional forms of bullying or if it is distinct enough to be considered a partly separate phenomenon or dimension. I conclude by arguing that in order for research on cyberbullying to proceed in a systematic and fruitful way, it is necessary to place it in proper context (along with traditional bullying) and to communicate a somewhat more realistic picture of its prevalence and nature.
Additive layered manufacturing: State-of-the-art applications in product innovation

Additive manufacturing technology permits to develop a product with high level of geometrical complex shape and produce it as unique product by implying low cost and quick time production compared with other manufacturing processes. It has proved a faster method across various industrial disciplines to build functional parts from computer-aided design model. Freedom for design in product development is a new reality with additive manufacturing. In this article, a review of additive product development is done in various industries including food, sports, and biomedical. Furthermore, different additive manufacturing techniques which are used in innovative product development are explained with case studies and examples. Also, a conceptual framework has been represented to use additive manufacturing as collaborative tool with theory of inventive problem solving technique in the innovative product development.
The role of patients' illness representations in coping and functioning with Addison's disease

Objective. To examine the relationship between illness representations, coping behaviour and adaptive outcome in patients with Addison's disease (AD). Design. Cross-sectional. Following Leventhal's self-regulation model (Leventhal, Meyer & Nerenz, 1980), it was hypothesized that illness representations are directly associated with coping and, via coping, with adaptive outcome. Method. The illness representations held by 63 patients with a diagnosis of Addison's disease were explored using a questionnaire and a comprehensive interview, including questions on beliefs about the identity, course, cause, treatment possibilities and consequences of their illness, the coping strategies they use, and their physical and psychological well-being. Results. AD patients differ highly in the subjective experience of their disease. Patients who view their illness as a serious condition with both frequent and serious symptoms and consequences, patients who believe their illness is chronic, and patients who consider their illness uncontrollable were found to engage more in passive coping strategies and to report higher levels of disability with regard to physical functioning, social functioning, mental health and general vitality than those who believed the opposite. Regression analyses indicated that illness representations were better predictors of adaptive outcome than were coping scores. Conclusion. Illness representations seem to play an important role in functioning in Addison's disease. The implications of these findings for the design of health carerelated interventions for AD patients are discussed.
User-Defined Body Gestures for TV-based Applications

Present remote controls for interactive digital television (iTV) strongly limit interaction possibilities. For example they do not support the interaction style of direct manipulation. Recent advances of the marker less motion capture technology make it possible to do body gesture interaction conveniently in digital home and life, especially in TV-based applications. However, there are few established conventions in body gesture design for such applications. In this paper, we report a guess ability study on eliciting intuitive gestures from non-professional users to perform tasks in TV based applications in a setting mimicking living rooms. Our results show that consensus exists among subjects. With this study, we present a taxonomy for body gestures, an end-user gesture set, qualitative observations, and implications for gesture design. Our results will help designers create more available gesture set and bring body gesture closer to digital home applications.
RELIGIOUS SEEKING AMONG AFFILIATES AND NON-AFFILIATES: DO MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS SPUR RELIGIOUS COPING?

Waves I and II, were used to examine whether physical and mental health problems precipitate religious consolation and attendance at religious services. While non-affiliates were generally less likely than affiliates to seek religious consolation, those with a stronger religious identity increased their religious seeking over time. Non-affiliates who more frequently attended religious services also increased their rate of attendance during the study. The findings provide little evidence, however, that physical or mental health factors increase religious consolation and attendance. Affiliates who had been diagnosed with cancer in the previous 12 months or had multiple chronic conditions were actually less likely to attend religious services.
Spatial Variation in Job Accessibility and Gender: An Intraregional Analysis using Hedonic House-Price Estimation

Using data on single-family detached houses from a Norwegian region, in this paper I study the existence of gender differences in estimated labour-market accessibility between locations. Different specifications of a gravity-based job-accessibility measure are included in hedonic house-price models. I test for significant gender-related differences in the distance-deterrence parameters found in the labour-market accessibility indicator. The estimated distance-deterrence parameters are lower for women than for men. This difference is, however, not significant, given the data. The main gender-related differences relate to the spatial variation in job accessibility as measured here. The supply of relevant jobs is significantly higher for women in the administrative centres of municipalities in the area, and significantly higher for men outside these administrative centres. The attractive forces of the centres could be relevant as an explanation of differentiated gender-related commuting patterns.
Agent–patient word-order preference in the acquisition of Tagalog

ABSTRACT This study investigated 3-, 5- and 7-year-old Tagalog-speaking children's mastery of agent-focus (active) and patient-focus (passive) sentence structures. In contrast to the usual English developmental pattern with actives and passives, the Tagalog children generally showed better mastery of patient-focus sentences than agent-focus sentences. These results were attributed to the children's strategy of interpreting the first noun of a sentence to be the agent of the action. The structure and usage of these sentence types in Tagalog do not appear to provide linguistic pressures favouring such a strategy. Thus these results are consistent with the view that such a strategy might be non-linguistic in origin.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Motivations for Contraception

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the authors examine the association between contraceptive use patterns in teens' first sexual relationships and their knowledge of, perceptions of, and motivations for contraception and pregnancy prevention. Results from logistic regression analyses show that knowledge, perceptions, and motivations surrounding sexual activity and contraception are indeed important predictors of contraceptive outcomes, and they influence males and females differently. For both genders, perceived ease of access to contraceptives is associated with increased odds of ever using contraception and using contraception consistently. For males, greater perceived condom knowledge is associated with increased odds of ever using contraception. For females, higher levels of actual reproductive health knowledge is associated with increased odds of ever using contraception, and holding negative views of pregnancy and having greater contraceptive self-efficacy are both associated with increased odds of consistent contraceptive use.
A Comparison of MMPI-2-RF Profiles between Child Maltreatment and Non-maltreatment Custody Cases

MMPI-2-RF profiles were compared for child maltreatment (n = 61) versus non-maltreatment (n = 168) samples. Maltreatment profiles showed elevations five to seven points higher on scales L-r, THD, RC3, RC6, and FML, and about four points higher on scales RC4, RC8, PSYC, and JCP. Results appeared consistent with previous research conducted with the MMPI-2. Sixty-seven percent of Maltreatment (Parental Fitness Evaluees Group) participants showed at least one clinical elevation; 55% of Non-Maltreatment (Child Custody Litigants Group) participants did so. Twenty-five percent of Maltreatment participants showed six or more clinical elevations whereas 8% of Non-maltreatment participants did so.
Perceptions of and attitudes towards regional varieties of Polish: views from two Polish provinces

This paper reports a study of perceptions and attitudes relating to regional varieties of Polish. The methodology followed folk linguistic approaches to attitudes research. Respondents in two Polish provinces were asked to draw on a map of Poland where they thought the main regional varieties of Polish were spoken, and then to name and characterise these varieties in their own words. They were also asked to give correctness and social attractiveness ratings on semantic differential scales for a number of conceptually presented varieties. Students’ subjective maps of dialect division showed little correspondence with the dialect maps produced by Polish dialectologists. In the evaluative profiles, respondents focused mainly on foreignness, Polishness, and linguistic features of the perceived language varieties. Judgements of correctness and attractiveness appear to be influenced by Poland's socio-political situation, especially associations with Germanness and Russianness.
An examination of the self‐regulation model in atrial fibrillation

Objectives. To examine the role of the presence of symptoms on illness representations. To examine the success of the Self-Regulation Model in explaining psychosocial adjustment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Design. A cross-sectional study of 62 AF patients attending either specialized AF or cardiac out-patient clinics. Method. Individuals were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic and completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), COPE, and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). Comparisons between groups and explanation of psychosocial adjustment were examined. Results. Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants did not differ on subscales of the IPQ, with the exception of identity. Both symptom status and IPQ subscales explained independent and significant amounts of variance in PAIS domains. In contrast the COPE accounted for minimal amounts of variance in all PAIS domains. Conclusions. The presence of symptoms is not directly influential in the elaboration of the illness representation. Both symptoms and illness representations should be targeted in interventions to improve adjustment to AF.
Eligibility Determination Using a Curriculum-Based Assessment

This study examined the accuracy of a curriculum-based assessment for use during the eligibility process for Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) services. The study extended a previous investigation in which performance scores of children without disabilities on the Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System (AEPS) were used to set cutoff scores at 6-month age intervals. These cutoff scores were then tested for service eligibility classification accuracy. The present study specifies and examines cutoff scores at more specific age intervals and performance domains. Present study findings largely replicated results of the original study. The AEPS cutoff scores were found to accurately classify most eligible children but did overidentify some ineligible children. The data from these two studies suggest that, to the extent allowed by state criteria, early intervention/early childhood special education personnel may be able to use the AEPS test as a valid assessment tool while qualifying children for IDEA services.
Phase-Shifted Bragg Grating Inscription in PMMA Microstructured POF Using 248-nm UV Radiation

In this work, we experimentally validate and characterize the first phase-shifted polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (PS-POFBGs) produced using a single pulse from a 248-nm krypton fluoride laser. A single-mode poly (methyl methacrylate) optical fiber with a core doped with benzyl dimethyl ketal for photosensitivity improvement was used. A uniform phase mask customized for 850-nm grating inscription was used to inscribe these Bragg structures. The phase shift defect was created directly during the grating inscription process by placing a narrow blocking aperture in the center of the UV beam. The produced high-quality Bragg grating structures, presenting a double dips, reject 16.3 dB (97.6% reflectivity) and 13.2 dB (95.2% reflectivity) of the transmitted power, being therefore appropriate for sensing or other photonic applications. Its transmission spectrum possesses two sharp transmission notches, allowing a significant increase in measurement resolution compared to direct interrogation of a single grating. The reflection and transmission spectra when multiple phase shifts are introduced in the fiber Bragg grating structure are also shown. The PS-POFBG's strain, temperature, pressure, and humidity characteristics have been experimentally analyzed in detail to assess their potential usage as sensors.
Implementing Quantity Based Aggregation Control for Cadastral Databases

The quantity based aggregation (QBA) problem is closely related to the classical inference problem found in databases, and usually discussed with it. In [1], [2] we proposed a model to enforce QBA in a cadastral database. The main purpose of this paper is to 1) describe implementation details of the algorithm, 2) present the algorithm's benchmark results, and 3) provide a discussion about the trade-off between confidentiality and availability, and 4) describe a prototype developed for QBA enforcement in a cadastral database.
Examining the Factor Structure of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Post-9/11 U.S. Military Veteran Sample

The present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report questionnaire assessing psychiatric symptoms. The study sample was randomly divided into two subsamples: an initial sample (Sample 1: n = 990) and a replication sample (Sample 2: n = 991). Findings derived from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not support the five-factor analytic structure as initially suggested in Connor and Davidson’s instrument validation study. Although parallel analyses indicated a two-factor structural model, we tested one to six factor solutions for best model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor model of resilience, composed of adaptability- (8 items) and self-efficacy-themed (6 items) items; however, only the adaptability-themed factor was found to be consistent with our view of resilience—a factor of protection against the development of psychopathology following trauma exposure. The adaptability-themed factor may be a useful measure of resilience for post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.
Robust hematopoietic progenitor cell commitment in the presence of a conflicting cue

Hematopoietic lineage commitment is regulated by cytokines and master transcription factors, but it remains unclear how a progenitor cell chooses a lineage in the face of conflicting cues. Through transcript counting in megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitors undergoing erythropoiesis, we show that the expression levels of the pro-erythropoiesis transcription factor EKLF (also known as KLF1) and receptor EpoR are inversely correlated with their promegakaryopoiesis counterparts, FLI-1 and TpoR (also known as MPL). Notably, as progenitors commit to the erythrocyte lineage, EpoR is upregulated and TpoR is strongly downregulated, thus boosting the potency of the pro-erythropoiesis cue erythropoietin and effectively eliminating the activity of the pro-megakaryopoiesis cue thrombopoietin. Based on these findings, we propose a newmodel for exclusive decision making that explicitly incorporates signals from extrinsic cues, and we experimentally confirm a model prediction of temporal changes in transcript noise levels in committing progenitors. Our study suggests that lineage-specific receptor levels canmodulate potencies of cues to achieve robust commitment decisions.
State power and social forces : domination and transformation in the Third World

Preface List of contributors Introduction: developing a state-in-society perspective Part I. Theoretical and Methodological Considerations: 1. The state in society: an approach to struggles for domination Joel S. Migdal Part II. States: Embedded in Society: 2. Traditional politics against state transformation in Brazil Frances Hagopian 3. State power and social organization in China Vivienne Shue 4. Centralization and powerlessness: India's democracy in a comparative perspective Atul Kohli 5. States and ruling classes in postcolonial Africa: the enduring contradictions of power Catherine Boone Part III. Social Forces: Engaged with State Power: 6. Labor divided: sources of state formation in modern China Elizabeth J. Perry 7. Business conflict, collaboration and privilege in interwar Egypt Robert Vitalis 8. A time and a place for the non-state: social change in the Ottoman empire during the 'long nineteenth century' Resat Kasaba 9. Peasant-state relations in postcolonial Africa: patterns of engagement and disengagement Michael Bratton 10. Engaging the state: associational life in sub-Saharan Africa Naomi Chazan Part IV. Conclusion: 11. State power and social forces: on political contention and accommodation in the Third World Atul Kohli and Vivienne Shue Index.
Methodological Challenges to Research Among Chinese

The article offers an example of using a mixed methods design that was implemented when investigating depression among Chinese older persons in Macau. A challenge in designing the study was that in light of literature on Chinese culture and somatization theory, the acceptability of the methodology was uncertain. Participants (n = 31) were purposively selected and quantitative data were collected using multiple standardized measures. Questions raised by the quantitative approach were then reflected through in-depth interviews. Four dominant categories emerged: (a) negative thinking, (b) physical limitations and complaints, (c) present living conditions and social support, and (d) the lives participants have lived. There was a high level of congruence between quantitative scores and narratives. The research approach was acceptable to the participants, and the findings contributed to an understanding of depression and therapeutic interventions for that population within Chinese culture.
Resting metabolic activity in the cingulate cortex and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder.

CONTEXT Recent neuroimaging research has revealed functional abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE To determine whether resting functional abnormalities found in PTSD are acquired characteristics or familial risk factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional design including identical twins discordant for trauma exposure. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Combat-exposed veterans with PTSD (n = 14) and their identical co-twins not exposed to combat (n = 14) as well as combat-exposed veterans without PTSD (n = 19) and their identical co-twins not exposed to combat (n = 19). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We used positron emission tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose 18 to examine resting regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu). RESULTS Veterans with PTSD and their co-twins had significantly higher resting rCMRglu in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/midcingulate cortex (dACC/MCC) compared with veterans without PTSD and their co-twins. Resting rCMRglu in the dACC/MCC in unexposed co-twins was positively correlated with combat exposure severity, PTSD symptom severity, and alcohol use in their exposed twins. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced resting metabolic activity in the dACC/MCC appears to represent a familial risk factor for developing PTSD after exposure to psychological trauma.