Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of proactive quitline counselling for smoking parents recruited through primary schools: results of a randomized controlled trial.

AIMS To test the effectiveness of tailored quitline (telephone) counselling among smoking parents recruited into cessation support through their children's primary schools. DESIGN Two-arm randomized controlled trial with 3- and 12-month follow-up. SETTING Proactive telephone counselling was administered by the Dutch national quitline. PARTICIPANTS Smoking parents were recruited through their children's primary schools and received either intensive quitline support in combination with tailored supplementary materials (n = 256) or a standard self-help brochure (n = 256). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 12-month follow-up. Also measured were baseline characteristics, use of and adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacotherapy, smoking characteristics and implementation of a home smoking ban. FINDINGS Parents who received quitline counselling were more likely to report 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 12-month assessment [34.0 versus 18.0%, odds ratio (OR) = 2.35, confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-3.54] than those who received a standard self-help brochure. Parents who received quitline counselling were more likely to use nicotine replacement therapy (P < 0.001) than those who received a standard self-help brochure. Among parents who did not achieve abstinence, those who received quitline counselling smoked fewer cigarettes at 3-month (P < 0.001) and 12-month assessment (P < 0.001), were more likely to make a quit attempt (P < 0.001), to achieve 24 hours' abstinence (P < 0.001) and to implement a complete home smoking ban (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intensive quitline support tailored to smoking parents is an effective method for helping parents quit smoking and promoting parenting practices that protect their children from adverse effects of smoking.
Instructional Discourse, Student Engagement, and Literature Achievement

This article examines the kinds of instruction that foster student engagement with literature and the effects of such instruction on achievement. First, two general kinds of student engagement are distinguished: “procedural,” which concerns classroom rules and regulations, and “substantive,” which involves sustained commitment to the content and issues of academic study. The article then describes the manifestations of these two forms of engagement, explains how they relate differently to student outcomes, and offers some empirical propositions using data on literature instruction from 58 eighth-grade English classes. The results provide support for three hypotheses: (a) Disengagement adversely affects achievement; (b) Procedural engagement has an attenuated relationship to achievement because its observable indicators conflate procedural and substantive engagement; and (c) Substantive engagement has a strong, positive effect on achievement. Features of substantively engaging instruction include authentic questions, or questions which have no prespecified answers; uptake, or the incorporation of previous answers into subsequent questions; and high-level teacher evaluation, or teacher certification and incorporation of student responses into subsequent discussion. Each of these is noteworthy because they all involve reciprocal interaction and negotiation between students and teachers, which is said to be the hallmark of substantive engagement.
Facial expression recognition from image sequences using optimized feature selection

A novel method for facial expression recognition from sequences of image frames is described and tested. The expression recognition system is fully automatic, and consists of the following modules: face detection, maximum arousal detection, feature extraction, selection of optimal features, and facial expression recognition. The face detection is based on AdaBoost algorithm and is followed by the extraction of frames with the maximum arousal (intensity) of emotion using the inter-frame mutual information criterion. The selected frames are then processed to generate characteristic features based on the log-Gabor filter method combined with an optimal feature selection process, which uses the MIFS algorithm. The system can automatically recognize six expressions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. The selected features were classified using the Naive Bayesian (NB) classifier.The system was tested using image sequences from the Cohn-Kanade database. The percentage of correct classification was increased from 68.9% for the non-optimized features to 79.5% for the optimized set of features.
Non‐opioid postoperative analgesia

Although significant improvement has been made in the treatment of pain in the postoperative period, many patients still experience unnecessary discomfort resulting in distress, higher morbidity and prolonged stay in hospital. The standard pillar of postoperative treatment of severe pain is the use of opioids. However, adverse reactions to opioids make their use unfavourable. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of pain has helped clinicians to a more balanced approach to postoperative pain treatment. The development of the multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia, with the use of different drugs acting via different routes to give good analgesia, with minimal side-effects, represents a major development in the treatment of postoperative pain. Early, aggressive mobilisation and feeding must follow in order to restore normal conditions quickly. Alternatives to opioids should be used as extensively as possible. Local anaesthesia, used as regional blocks or as wound infiltration, is most beneficial. Paracetamol has good basic analgesic properties, and should probably be used in dosages higher than recommended today. The combination with a NSAID results in better and longer-lasting analgesia. The intravenous form propacetamol will increase the possibilities of its use. The new concept of selective COX-2 inhibiting NSAIDs will result in analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side-effects. The well-known inexpensive group of corticosteroids have good analgesic and anti-emetic properties, and are especially interesting to use in patients who do not tolerate NSAIDs. The alpha2-receptor agonists like clonidine, when administered epidurally or intrathecally, are useful adjuncts, but their adverse effects on sedation and hypotension limit their use. NMDA-receptor antagonists are of limited value in the postoperative period. Adenosine and neostigimine are still on a research level but may lead to new, clinically useful analgesic drugs. In the future, cannabinoids, cholecystokinin-receptor antagonists and neurokinin-1 antagonists may become important analgesic drugs.
CSR Identity - A Social Network Perspective

There has been rampant research on the topics of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Organizational Identity (OI) but relatively little work done in combining both to understand how CSR affects an organization‟s members, particularly, their identification with OI. We follow a few studies that looked at a CSR Identity from a constructionist perspective which regards identity as a product of an inter-subjective process of reality construction (e.g. Humphreys & Brown, 2008; Lauring & Thomsen, 2009); but where our study differs is in taking a social network analytic approach as an initial attempt to theoretically and empirically explore the concept of a CSR Identity from a social influence standpoint (e.g. Salancik & Pfeffer, 1978). We develop and test a 2-component model of identification which consists of CSR Identity Perceptions & CSR Valuations as precursors to identification with a CSR Identity. Our analysis was two-fold where we (1) explored the link between CSR Identity Perceptions, Valuations, & Identification, and (2) used network analysis to test for social influence on organizational members‟ CSR Identity Perceptions & CSR Valuations. We adjusted the initial model based on our findings and some post hoc work indicating CSR Valuation to act as a mediator between CSR Identity Perceptions & Identification. Further, our results suggested that social influence acts on Identification through its precursors Identity Perceptions & Valuations, thus supporting a constructionist view of identity. Social influence was shown to operate mainly through group closure and informal centrality (power) on CSR Identity Perceptions & Valuations, and through brokerage on CSR Valuation. We conclude the paper with some interpretation of findings and a discussion of applications and limitations.
Severe anorexia nervosa in men: comparison with severe AN in women and analysis of mortality.

OBJECTIVE To compare clinical characteristics of men and women with severe AN and to analyze mortality in men. METHOD One thousand and nine patients including 23 anorectic males were hospitalized in St. Anne Hospital in Paris between 1988 and 2004. Data were collected during hospitalization. Fatal outcome was assessed in 2008. RESULTS Men presented significantly later age of onset, were more likely to have a history of premorbid overweight than women and less likely to have attempted suicide. Mortality in men was high (standardized mortality ratio: 8.08; 95% CI: 1.62-23.62). Several predictive factors for mortality in men were identified: lower admission body mass index (BMI), later age at admission, and AN-R subtype. All the three deceased patients had dropped out from the inpatient unit. The 10-year survival did not differ between men and women, but men died sooner after hospitalization. DISCUSSION Male inpatients should receive close follow-up after their discharge, especially if they have a restrictive form of AN, present low BMI, or are older at admission.
Antipsychotic treatment beyond antipsychotics: metacognitive intervention for schizophrenia patients improves delusional symptoms

Background Although antipsychotic medication still represents the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, its objective impact on symptoms is only in the medium-effect size range and at least 50% of patients discontinue medication in the course of treatment. Hence, clinical researchers are intensively looking for complementary therapeutic options. Metacognitive training for schizophrenia patients (MCT) is a group intervention that seeks to sharpen the awareness of schizophrenia patients on cognitive biases (e.g. jumping to conclusions) that seem to underlie delusion formation and maintenance. The present trial combined group MCT with an individualized cognitive-behavioural therapy-oriented approach entitled individualized metacognitive therapy for psychosis (MCT+) and compared it against an active control. Method A total of 48 patients fulfilling criteria of schizophrenia were randomly allocated to either MCT+ or cognitive remediation (clinical trial NCT01029067). Blind to intervention, both groups were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Jumping to conclusions was measured using a variant of the beads task. Results PANSS delusion severity declined significantly in the combined MCT treatment compared with the control condition. PSYRATS delusion conviction as well as jumping to conclusions showed significantly greater improvement in the MCT group. In line with prior studies, treatment adherence and subjective efficacy was excellent for the MCT. Conclusions The results suggest that the combination of a cognition-oriented and a symptom-oriented approach ameliorate psychotic symptoms and cognitive biases and represents a promising complementary treatment for schizophrenia.
Automatic Analysis of Lateral Cephalograms Based on Multiresolution Decision Tree Regression Voting

Cephalometric analysis is a standard tool for assessment and prediction of craniofacial growth, orthodontic diagnosis, and oral-maxillofacial treatment planning. The aim of this study is to develop a fully automatic system of cephalometric analysis, including cephalometric landmark detection and cephalometric measurement in lateral cephalograms for malformation classification and assessment of dental growth and soft tissue profile. First, a novel method of multiscale decision tree regression voting using SIFT-based patch features is proposed for automatic landmark detection in lateral cephalometric radiographs. Then, some clinical measurements are calculated by using the detected landmark positions. Finally, two databases are tested in this study: one is the benchmark database of 300 lateral cephalograms from 2015 ISBI Challenge, and the other is our own database of 165 lateral cephalograms. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed method is satisfactory for landmark detection and measurement analysis in lateral cephalograms.
Teaching and Learning Guide for: Culture and Development of Self‐regulation

Across the lifespan, individuals act to achieve desired goals as agents of their own development. A central means for goal attainment is self-regulation – modifying internal processes and behavior to reach one’s goals. Recently, self-regulation has become a topic of intensive research in psychology, with focuses on education, intergroup processes, and consumer behavior. Individuals differ in their preference of goals and also in their ways of reaching these goals. To understand why individuals differ in the ability and motivation to self-regulate, it is key to study the development of self-regulation, taking into account the cultural context. Most research on the development of self-regulation has been carried out with Anglo-Americans, ignoring differences in standards for self-regulation (behavior and emotion regulation) and related strategies for people from different cultural backgrounds. In line with culture-psychological studies on socialization, it is assumed here that dominant cultural values and related cultural models of agency affect both the socialization conditions of the child and the developmental outcomes of self-regulation. This approach allows for an explanation of cultural and individual differences in self-regulation by linking cultural and individual agency. This article integrates recent research and suggests a cultural model of agency and self-regulation. The proposed model goes beyond individual self-regulation and takes into account interpersonal processes of interdependent self-regulation.
Fractional Anisotropy in Corpus Callosum Is Associated with Facilitation of Motor Representation during Ipsilateral Hand Movements

Background Coactivation of primary motor cortex ipsilateral to a unilateral movement (M1ipsilateral) has been observed, and the magnitude of activation is influenced by the contracting muscles. It has been suggested that the microstructural integrity of the callosal motor fibers (CMFs) connecting M1 regions may reflect the observed response. However, the association between the structural connectivity of CMFs and functional changes in M1ipsilateral remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between functional changes within M1ipsilateral during unilateral arm or leg movements and the microstructure of the CMFs connecting both homotopic representations (arm or leg). Methods Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess changes in motor evoked potentials (MEP) in an arm muscle during unilateral movements compared to rest in fifteen healthy adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was then used to identify regions of M1 associated with either arm or leg movements. Diffusion-weighted imaging data was acquired to generate CMFs for arm and leg areas using the areas of activation from the functional imaging as seed masks. Individual values of regional fractional anisotropy (FA) of arm and leg CMFs was then calculated by examining the overlap between CMFs and a standard atlas of corpus callosum. Results The change in the MEP was significantly larger in the arm movement compared to the leg movement. Additionally, regression analysis revealed that FA in the arm CMFs was positively correlated with the change in MEP during arm movement, whereas a negative correlation was observed during the leg movement. However, there was no significant relationship between FA in the leg CMF and the change in MEP during the movements. Conclusions These findings suggest that individual differences in interhemispheric structural connectivity may be used to explain a homologous muscle-dominant effect within M1ipsilateral hand representation during unilateral movement with topographical specificity.
Surface Structure and Nanomechanical Properties of Shewanella putrefaciens Bacteria at Two pH values (4 and 10) Determined by Atomic Force Microscopy

ABSTRACT The nanomechanical properties of gram-negative bacteria (Shewanella putrefaciens) were investigated in situ in aqueous solutions at two pH values, specifically, 4 and 10, by atomic force microscopy (AFM). For both pH values, the approach force curves exhibited subsequent nonlinear and linear regimens that were related to the progressive indentation of the AFM tip in the bacterial cell wall, including a priori polymeric fringe (nonlinear part), while the linear part was ascribed to compression of the plasma membrane. These results indicate the dynamic of surface ultrastructure in response to changes in pH, leading to variations in nanomechanical properties, such as the Young's modulus and the bacterial spring constant.
A starfish with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts from the Silurian of England

Palaeozoic asteroids represent a stem-group to the monophyletic post-Palaeozoic Neoasteroidea, but many aspects of their anatomy are poorly known. Using serial grinding and computer reconstruction, we describe fully articulated Silurian (ca 425 Myr) specimens from the Herefordshire Lagerstätte, preserved in three dimensions complete with soft tissues. The material belongs to a species of Bdellacoma, a genus previously assigned to the ophiuroids, but has characters that suggest an asteroid affinity. These include a pyloric system in the gut, and the presence of large bivalved pedicellariae, the latter originally described under the name Bursulella from isolated valves. Ampullae are external and occur within podial basins; the radial canal is also external. Podia are elongate and lack terminal suckers. The peristome is large relative to the mouth. Aspects of the morphology are comparable to that of the extant Paxillosida, supporting phylogenetic schemes that place this order at the base of the asteroid crown group.
Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by antigen immunofluorescence detection with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin M immunofluorescence test

During a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection outbreak in a pediatric hospital, diagnosis was made by immunofluorescence on smears by using an anti-RSV monoclonal antibody (IFm). Immunoglobulins M and G were titrated by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells infected with an RSV strain. The IFm was sensitive (89%) and specific (75%) when compared with the cell culture method. We showed that the specimens which were found positive by IFm and negative by cell culture were truly positive. Under these conditions, the IFm test appears more sensitive and more specific than cell culture, particularly when no care is taken to maintain the specimens in the cold during transport. In this study the immunoglobulin M immunofluorescence test had a low sensitivity (34%), especially on serum samples taken on days 0 to 4 after the onset of illness.
A Comparative Analysis of Three Online Appraisal Instruments’ Ability to Assess Validity in Qualitative Research

The concept of validity has been a central component in critical appraisal exercises evaluating the methodological quality of quantitative studies. Reactions by qualitative researchers have been mixed in relation to whether or not validity should be applied to qualitative research and if so, what criteria should be used to distinguish high-quality articles from others. We compared three online critical appraisal instruments’ ability to facilitate an assessment of validity. Many reviewers have used the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) tool to complete their critical appraisal exercise; however, CASP appears to be less sensitive to aspects of validity than the evaluation tool for qualitative studies (ETQS) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. The ETQS provides detailed instructions on how to interpret criteria; however, it is the JBI tool, with its focus on congruity, that appears to be the most coherent.
Non-response bias in a lifestyle survey.

BACKGROUND Monitoring health targets is often undertaken using questionnaire surveys of lifestyle risk factors. Non-response bias is recognized but rarely quantified. METHODS Following a questionnaire survey on a random sample of 6009 residents of Somerset with a response rate of 57.6 per cent, a telephone survey was undertaken on a random sample of 400 non-responders. A small number of the more important questions from the questionnaire were put to the non-responders over the phone. RESULTS Fifty-nine per cent of the sample were contacted and agreed to participate. Statistically significant differences between responders and non-responders to the original questionnaire were detected for current smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption and lack of moderate or vigorous activity. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle questionnaire surveys need to include an assessment of the non-response bias.
Role of oxyR in the Oral Anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic microorganism that inhabits the oral cavity, where oxidative stress represents a constant challenge. A putative transcriptional regulator associated with oxidative stress, an oxyR homologue, is known from the P. gingivalis W83 genome sequence. We used microarrays to characterize the response of P. gingivalis to H2O2 and examine the role of oxyR in the regulation of this response. Most organisms in which oxyR has been investigated are facultative anaerobes or aerobes. In contrast to the OxyR-regulated response of these microorganisms to H2O2, the main feature of the response in P. gingivalis was a concerted up-regulation of insertion sequence elements related to IS1 transposases. Common OxyR-regulated genes such as dps and ahpFC were not positively regulated in P. gingivalis in response to H2O2. However, their expression was dependent on the presence of a functional OxyR, as revealed by microarray comparison of an oxyR mutant to the wild type. Phenotypic characterization of the oxyR mutant showed that OxyR plays a role in both the resistance to H2O2 and the aerotolerance of P. gingivalis. Escherichia coli and other bacteria with more complex respiratory requirements use OxyR for regulating resistance to H2O2 and use a separate regulator for aerotolerance. In P. gingivalis, the presence of a single protein combining the two functions might be related to the comparatively smaller genome size of this anaerobic microorganism. In conclusion, these results suggest that OxyR does not act as a sensor of H2O2 in P. gingivalis but constitutively activates transcription of oxidative-stress-related genes under anaerobic growth.