Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Climatological Study of Thermally Driven Wind Systems of the U.S. Intermountain West.

This paper investigates the diurnal evolution of thermally driven plain–mountain winds, up- and down-valley winds, up- and downslope winds, and land–lake breezes for summer fair weather conditions in four regions of the Intermountain West where dense wind networks have been operated. Because of the diverse topography in these regions, the results are expected to be broadly representative of thermally driven wind climates in the Intermountain West. The regions include the Wasatch Front Valleys of northern Utah, the Snake River Plain of Idaho, the southern Nevada basin and range province, and central Arizona. The analysis examines wind characteristics, including the regularity of the winds and interactions of the four types of thermally driven winds, using meteorological data from the University of Utah's MesoWest network. In general, on fair weather days, winds in all four regions exhibit a consistent direction from day to day at a given hour. A measure of this wind consistency is defined. The nighttime ho.
Anti-Sigma Factors in E. coli: Common Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Sigma Factors Availability

In bacteria, transcriptional regulation is a key step in cellular gene expression. All bacteria contain a core RNA polymerase that is catalytically competent but requires an additional σ factor for specific promoter recognition and correct transcriptional initiation. The RNAP core is not able to selectively bind to a given σ factor. In contrast, different σ factors have different affinities for the RNAP core. As a consequence, the concentration of alternate σ factors requires strict regulation in order to properly control the delicate interplay among them, which favors the competence for the RNAP core. This control is archived by different σ/anti-σ controlling mechanisms that shape complex regulatory networks and cascades, and enable the response to sudden environmental cues, whose global understanding is a current challenge for systems biology. Although there have been a number of excellent studies on each of these σ/anti-σ post-transcriptional regulatory systems, no comprehensive comparison of these mechanisms in a single model organism has been conducted. Here, we survey all these systems in E. coli dissecting and analyzing their inner workings and highlightin their differences. Then, following an integral approach, we identify their commonalities and outline some of the principles exploited by the cell to effectively and globally reprogram the transcriptional machinery. These principles provide guidelines for developing biological synthetic circuits enabling an efficient and robust response to sudden stimuli.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis: A Preface to Lisrel

A statistical method which will appeal to two groups in particular: those who are currently using the more traditional technique of exploratory factor analysis; and those who are interested in the analysis of covariance structures, commonly known as the LISREL model. The first group will find that this technique may be more appropriate to the analysis of their research problems; while the second group will find that confirmatory factor analysis is a useful first step to understanding the LISREL model, for this book, and its companion volume, Covariance Structure Models, are designed to be read consecutively. The proofs presented are simple, but the reader must feel comfortable with matrix algebra in order to understand the model.
Enhancing the Believability of Embodied Conversational Agents through Environment-, Self- and Interaction-Awareness

Research on embodied conversational agents' reasoning and actions has mostly ignored the external environment. This papers argues that believability of such agents is tightly connected with their ability to relate to the environment during a conversation. This ability, defined as awareness believability, is formalised in terms of three components - environment-, self- and interaction-awareness. The paper presents a method enabling virtual agents to reason about their environment, understand the interaction capabilities of other participants, own goals and current state of the environment, as well as to include these elements into conversations. We present the implementation of the method and a case study, which demonstrates that such abilities improve the overall believability of virtual agents.
Implicit priming of picture naming: a theoretical andmethodological note on the implicit priming task

La tarea de potenciacion implicita ("implicit priming"), introducida recientemente por Meyer (1990, 1991) para el estudio de los procesos de produccion de palabras ha producido ya un impresionante numero de hallazgos, que constituyen el apoyo principal para el principio de codificacion serial en produccion. Sin embargo, los resultados previos se pueden explicar tambien mediante una hipotesis basada en recuperacion de la memoria episodica que no recurre a procesos de produccion. En el experimento 1 se pone a prueba esta explicacion episodica en una version de denominacion de dibujos de la tarea, la cual minimiza la contribucion de los procesos de memoria. El efecto de potenciacion implicita se replica, por lo que se apoya la explicacion estandar basada en procesos de produccion. El experimento 2 encuentra un efecto de potenciacion implicita del mismo tamano en una tarea estandar, utilizando los mismos materiales que en el experimento 1, pero que, sin embargo, no fue estadisticamente significativo. Las comparaciones entre los dos experimentos mostraron que los componentes de memoria de la version estandar de la tarea introducen ruido en los datos, y hacen la version de denominacion de dibujos mas adecuada para el estudio de los efectos de potenciacion implicita con participantes sin entrenamiento previo en la realizacion de experimentos de tiempo de reaccion.
Map navigation with mobile devices: virtual versus physical movement with and without visual context

A user study was conducted to compare the performance of three methods for map navigation with mobile devices. These methods are joystick navigation, the dynamic peephole method without visual context, and the magic lens paradigm using external visual context. The joystick method is the familiar scrolling and panning of a virtual map keeping the device itself static. In the dynamic peephole method the device is moved and the map is fixed with respect to an external frame of reference, but no visual information is present outside the device's display. The magic lens method augments an external content with graphical overlays, hence providing visual context outside the device display. Here too motion of the device serves to steer navigation. We compare these methods in a study measuring user performance, motion patterns, and subjective preference via questionnaires. The study demonstrates the advantage of dynamic peephole and magic lens interaction over joystick interaction in terms of search time and degree of exploration of the search space.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Apoptosis during Fibrosarcoma Development by Transcriptionally Activating Bcl-xL *

Glucocorticoids influence many physiological processes, and in particular apoptosis, often with opposite effects depending on the cell type examined. We found that during fibrosarcoma development there is a strong increase in apoptosis at the tumor stage, which is repressed by dexamethasone to levels observed in normal fibroblasts. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl-xL is induced by dexamethasone at the transcriptional level at all stages of fibrosarcoma development. The ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activates the Bcl-x promoter in transient transfection experiments, and GR binds to specific Bcl-x promoter sequences in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a GR antagonist abolishes this effect, indicating that Bcl-xL induction is mediated by GR. Importantly, exogenous Bcl-xL inhibits apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in fibrosarcoma cells to levels found in dexamethasone-treated fibrosarcoma cells. We conclude that Bcl-xL is a key target mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids during fibrosarcoma development. These observations provide further understanding of the molecular basis of glucocorticoid regulation of cell death during tumorigenesis.
Dissipation and the Fundamental Plane: Observational Tests

We develop observational tests of the idea that dissipation in gas-rich mergers produces the fundamental plane (FP) and related correlations obeyed by ellipticals. The FP "tilt" implies that lower mass ellipticals have a higher ratio of stellar to dark matter within their stellar effective radii. Models argue that mergers between more gas-rich (typically lower mass) disks yield larger mass fractions formed in compact starbursts, giving a smaller stellar Re and higher M*/Mtot within that Re. Such starbursts leave a characteristic imprint in the surface brightness profile: a central excess above an outer profile established by the dissipationless violent relaxation of disk stars. In previous work, we developed empirical methods to decompose the observed profiles of ellipticals and robustly estimate the amount of dissipation in the original spheroid-forming merger(s). Applying this to a large sample of observed ellipticals, we test whether or not their location on the FP and its tilt are driven by dissipation. At fixed mass, ellipticals formed in more dissipational events are smaller and have higher M*/Mtot. At fixed degree of dissipation, there is no tilt in the FP. We show that the dynamical mass estimator Reσ2/G is a good estimator of the true mass: the observed FP tilt cannot primarily owe to other forms of nonhomology. Removing the effects of dissipation, observed ellipticals obey the same FP correlations as disks: unusual progenitors are not required to make typical ellipticals. Dissipation appears to be both necessary and sufficient to explain the FP tilt.
A 4-week neuromuscular training program and gait patterns at the ankle joint.

CONTEXT Previous research into the rehabilitation of ankle sprains has primarily focused on outcome measures that do not replicate functional activities, thus making it difficult to extrapolate the results relative to the weight-bearing conditions under which most ankle sprains occur. OBJECTIVE To measure the effects of a training program on gait during walking and running in an active athletic population. DESIGN Matched-pairs, controlled trial. SETTING University motion analysis laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Ten subjects from an athletic population (7 healthy, 3 with functional ankle instability: age = 25.8 +/- 3.9 years, height = 177.6 +/- 6.1 cm, mass = 66.8 +/- 7.4 kg) and 10 controls matched for age, sex, activity, and ankle instability (7 healthy, 3 with functional ankle instability: age = 27.4 +/- 5.8 years, height = 178.7 +/- 10.8 cm, mass = 71.6 +/- 10.0 kg). INTERVENTION(S) A 4-week neuromuscular training program undertaken by the treatment group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We measured ankle position and velocity in the frontal (x) and sagittal (y) planes in all subjects during treadmill walking and running for the periods 100 milliseconds before heel strike, at heel strike, and 100 milliseconds after heel strike. RESULTS A 4-week neuromuscular training program resulted in no significant changes in ankle position or velocity during treadmill walking and running. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms by which neuromuscular training improves function in normal subjects and those with functional ankle instability do not appear to result in measurable changes in gait kinematics. Our findings raise issues regarding methods of ankle sprain rehabilitation and the measurement of their effectiveness in improving functional activities. Further research in a larger population with functional ankle instability is necessary.
Interleukin-11 Drives Early Lung Inflammation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Genetically Susceptible Mice

IL-11 is multifunctional cytokine whose physiological role in the lungs during pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is poorly understood. Here, using in vivo administration of specific antibodies against IL-11, we demonstrate for the first time that blocking IL-11 diminishes histopathology and neutrophilic infiltration of the lung tissue in TB-infected genetically susceptible mice. Antibody treatment decreased the pulmonary levels of IL-11 and other key inflammatory cytokines not belonging to the Th1 axis, and down-regulated IL-11 mRNA expression. This suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop at the transcriptional level, which is further supported by up-regulation of IL-11 mRNA expression in the presence of rIL-11 in in vitro cultures of lung cells. These findings imply a pathogenic role for IL-11 during the early phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-triggered disease in a genetically susceptible host.
Calprotectin Expression Inhibits Bacterial Binding to Mucosal Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Squamous mucosal epithelial cells constitutively express calprotectin in the cytoplasm. To study how this antimicrobial protein complex confers epithelial resistance to invading bacteria, an epithelial cell line was stably transfected to express the calprotectin complex. Cells expressing calprotectin resist invasion byListeria monocytogenes and Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. Calprotectin expression was accompanied by altered actin organization, increased α3 integrin expression, and spreading cell morphology. In this study, we assessed whether calprotectin expression affects bacterial binding and uptake. Threefold-fewerListeria organisms bound to the surfaces of calprotectin-expressing cells, and 10-fold fewer were localized intracellularly by immunofluorescence. Similarly, fewerSalmonella organisms bound to cells expressing calprotectin. Calprotectin-expressing and sham-transfected cells showed similar levels of expression of surface E-cadherin and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by flow cytometry. Calprotectin-expressing transfectants expressed calprotectin on the cell surface as well as in the cytosol. In conclusion, two bacterial pathogens showed reduced binding to calprotectin-expressing epithelial cells. Calprotectin-expressing cells appeared to have internalized disproportionately fewer Listeria organisms, suggesting that reduced binding and translocation supplemented direct antimicrobial effects in calprotectin-expressing cells.
Effect of Medium of Instruction on Programming Ability Acquired through Screencast

Students who have studied in their native language face difficulty in acquiring programming skills through English medium instruction. One solution for this is to create screen casts of live coding along with instructor explanations in the native language. In this paper we examine the impact of screen cast based self-paced learning for Hindi medium (native language) students. Our study had three groups - One group had Hindi as the medium of prior instruction, and learned programming through screen casts in Hindi. Another group, also had Hindi as the medium of prior instruction, but learned through screen casts in English. The third group had English as the medium of prior instruction, and learned through screen casts in English. We compared the performance of the three groups using a post-test having items of fact, concept and process content types. We found that Hindi medium students who studied from Hindi screen casts performed as well as English medium students who studied from English screen casts. Both groups performed better than Hindi medium students who studied from English screen casts. The effect of medium of instruction was significant for the content types of fact, process and concept.
Forgiveness of Self and Others and Emotional Empathy

ALTHOUGH THERE IS STILL CONSIDERABLE DEBATE about definitions of forgiveness (Worthington, 1998), some commonality regarding the psychological constituents of the process of forgiveness is emerging from intervention models designed to promote forgiveness. All of those models focus on the victim’s development of empathy toward the perpetrator as a necessary step in forgiveness (Doyle, 1999; Enright & the Human Development Study Group, 1996; Gartner, 1988; Hunter, 1978; McCullough & Worthington, 1995; McCullough, Worthington, & Rachal, 1997; Worthington, 1998). According to all models, individuals with higher levels of trait empathy find it easier to work toward forgiveness than do those with lower levels, and individuals incapable of empathy find it very difficult to forgive. Two arguments merit further consideration. First, there has been no empirical examination, outside clinical samples, with standardized measuresof the relationship between forgiveness and empathy (Worthington, 1998). Second, because of the lack of a consensual definition of forgiveness, consideration of correlates
Human resources development practices and their association with employee attitudes: Between traditional and new careers

This is a study of human resource development practices (as perceived by employees) and their association with their attitudes in the context of new career theories. It uses two heterogeneous UK samples of employees from six companies in different industries. Both regression models (from the 1997 and 2000 cohorts) support the mediating role of satisfaction with development on the relationship between perceived significance of development practices and organizational commitment. There are trends in attitudes about the significance of various development factors between cohorts of employees (with respondents in 2000 more inclined to state that self-motivation has been a significant factor in improving their Job performance, and with lateral development also reported as more significant in 2000). A shift in development practices can be observed as a progression from knowledge acquisition via formalized training courses, towards development as a participation model based on challenging work and coaching by an immediate supervisor.
Weighted θ-incomplete pluripotential theory

Weighted pluripotential theory is a rapidly developing area; and Callaghan \cite{Callaghan} recently introduced $\theta$-incomplete polynomials in \cd for $d>1$. In this paper we combine these two theories by defining weighted $\theta$-incomplete pluripotential theory. We define weighted $\theta$-incomplete extremal functions and obtain a Siciak-Zahariuta type equality in terms of $\theta$-incomplete polynomials. Finally we prove that the extremal functions can be recovered using orthonormal polynomials and we demonstrate a result on strong asymptotics of Bergman functions in the spirit of \cite{BermanCn}.
The prevalence of intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients in Bushehr, Iran

Hemodialysis patients, due to a dysfunction of the immune response, are prone to a variety of opportunistic infections. Studies of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients are limited. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of these infections in patients on hemodialysis in Bushehr. In this cross‐sectional study, fecal samples have been collected from all hemodialysis patients who were continuously referred from September 2011 to September 2012 to the dialysis center at Bushehr and tested using routine parasitological methods. From a total of 88 patients studied, 25 patients (28.4%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba coli with 13.6% and 6.7% prevalence had the highest prevalence among the patients, respectively. The age group 51–70 years had the highest rates of infection. Statistical analysis showed no relationship between sex and the risk of intestinal parasites. Seventeen percent of infected patients showed up with diarrhea and this relationship was statistically significant. Considering the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among hemodialysis patients in Bushehr and also the high probability of infection in these patients, it is recommended that periodic examinations and screening patients during dialysis and before kidney transplantation should be a part of routine medical care.
Family Treatment of Preschool Behavior Problems

Objective Behavioral problems in youth pose a serious mental health and social issue with early-onset problems associated with particular risk for continuation across the lifespan. Given these risks, social workers in clinical practice must be knowledgeable about empirically validated treatments in this area. Method A literature review was conducted on all family-based interventions with preschool behavior problems to determine the efficacy of various approaches. Using these search criteria, only behaviorally oriented parent-training interventions were located. Results Both group and individual parent-training approaches have been found effective over control conditions. When considering cognitive-behavioral adjunctive packages to parent training, more advantages are posed for child rather than parent supplements. Conclusions Not only should social workers be using empirically validated approaches but they can also be involved in evaluating other family-based interventions with preschool behavior problems.
Self-concept and need for achievement of men with physical disabilities.

Self-concept and need for achievement of athletically active and relatively inactive American males with physical disabilities were investigated using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale Counseling Form (Fitts, 1965) and the Thematic Apperception Test (McClelland, Clark, Roby, & Atkinson, 1949). The subjects were 45 men, ranging from 18 to 40 years old, with physical disabilities. We hypothesized that subjects in the athletically active group had a more favorable mean self-concept and a higher mean need for achievement than subjects in the inactive group. Fifty able-bodied subjects, composing two counterpart groups, were also included in the study. It was hypothesized that the differences regarding the criterion variables between disabled and able-bodied counterpart groups would be negligible. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) supported the hypothesis that predicted significant differences at the . 025 alpha level between the athletic and the inactive disabled groups. Age, education, and level of disability were treated as covariates. The results of this study also supported the hypothesis that predicted negligible differences (p less than .10) between the disabled subjects and the able-bodied counterpart groups.