Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tootling With a Randomized Independent Group Contingency to Improve High School Classwide Behavior

The present study examined the effects of tootling, a peer-mediated positive behavior intervention, on students’ classwide disruptive and academically engaged behavior in three general education high school classrooms. A withdrawal design was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Students wrote tootles anonymously on paper slips and placed them into a marked container. A randomized independent group contingency was used to reward students. At the end of the class period, teachers randomly drew three of the submitted tootles and rewarded students about whom the tootles were written. Teachers also randomly drew the names of two students who submitted a tootle and rewarded them as well. All three classrooms displayed decreases in classwide disruptive behavior and increases in academically engaged behavior during intervention phases. Effect size calculations for both disruptive and academically engaged behavior indicated very large overall effects. The results of this study suggest that a modified tootling procedure utilizing a randomized independent group contingency can be an effective intervention for teachers to improve the classwide behavior of students in high school classrooms. Teachers found the intervention at least moderately socially valid and students rated it highly acceptable.
Raising the Quality of Discussion by Scaffolding Students' Reading.

Many college students fall into the habit of coming to class unprepared, without having read assigned texts, or having read partially and superficially. As a consequence, they may take a passive stance, discussion can fall flat, and learning can be diminished. This article describes an instructional strategy for engaging students as active learners in preparing for class discussion and in the discussion itself. Using a modification of the literature circle model originated by Daniels (2002) and adapted for college learners by Larson, Young, & Leipham (2011a), the author describes a procedure in which students read, use organizing templates to write about their reading, and then draw on that writing for small-group and finally whole-class discussion. Grounded in research on active learning, reading compliance, and reading and writing to learn, the strategy presented here is a way to achieve higher quality discussion, and therefore deeper learning.
The potential of INTEGRAL for the detection of high redshift GRBs

We discuss INTEGRAL's ability to detect a high redshift population of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in comparison to other high-energy missions. Emphasis is placed on the study of the relative capabilities of IBIS on board INTEGRAL with respect to SWIFT and HETE 2 in detecting a high redshift population of GRBs. We conclude that, if the GRB rate is proportional to the star formation rate, INTEGRAL's ability to study GRBs are complementary to the ones of missions like SWIFT and HETE 2, devoted to prompt localisations of GRBs. Whereas SWIFT and HETE 2 would detect a higher number of GRBs than INTEGRAL, IBIS might be able to detect high redshift (z > 7) GRBs, unreachable by SWIFT and HETE 2. We discuss the relevance of performing near-infrared (NIR) observations of the INTEGRAL GRBs and the strategy that large-class telescopes might follow.
Preserved thematic and impaired taxonomic categorisation: A case study

The present paper seeks to understand more about categorisation and its relation to naming. A patient with language impairments (LEW) was examined in a three-part investigation of his ability to make classification decisions. The first part demonstrated LEW’s inability to make taxonomic classifications of shape thus confirming his previously documented impaired perceptual categorisation. The second part demonstrated that, despite LEW’s inability to perform simple taxonomic classifications, he could reason analogically as well as a 4/5 year-old child. It is therefore argued that taxonomic classifications cannot be driven by the development of analogical reasoning. The third part more directly contrasted thematic and taxonomic classification. LEW showed a preference for thematic classification. In fact, there was no evidence of any substantial ability to make taxonomic colour classifications despite evidence for good preservation of the associated object-colour knowledge.
Guerrillera Editorship enacts the decolonial imaginary of Chicana editors

ABSTRACT This project examines the editorial practices of former Chicana editors of a bilingual, alternative, activist Chicana/Chicano college student newspaper, mapping out the ways Chicana feminist epistemologies shaped their editorial praxis. Grounded in the decolonial imaginary of seven Chicanas, we identify a praxis we call Guerrillera Editorship in which Chicana editors integrate their leadership, advocacy, and written work within a muxerista orientation in order to work communally to honor the testimonio of contributors, strive towards social justice, and draw attention to Chicana issues. This work enhances an existing scholarly record that analyzes the rhetoric of Chicana feminists, but lacks an analysis of Chicana-led media production. By contextualizing the efforts of these contemporary Chicana cultural workers within the history of Chicana feminist print media, and drawing on Chicana feminist theories to guide the methodology and analysis of this project, we offer a Chicana-centered editorial activism whose decolonial underpinnings counter masculinist leadership styles and offset mainstream editorial practices.
How to Avoid Spreading Error Scientists Must Search for Corrections

In 1954 Conway Zirkle reviewed the fascinating history of the patterns and context of citations to the falsified scientific experiments published by Viennese zoologist Paul Kammerer. Using two types of salamanders and the male of the midwife toad, Kammerer claimed in the 1920s to have shown that acquired characteristics were inherited. But, as Zirkle recounts, “the acquired characters . turned out to be india ink. ” (Science Vol. 120, 1954. p. 189). The truth about Kammerer’s work was known and revealed in print as early as 1926. Nonetheless, later researchers, many of whom were unaware of the nature of Kammerer’s evidence, repeatedly cited his publications and took the conclusions he presented at face value. Zirkle warned readers that the consequences of fraud in scientific publication may be far-reaching. “A single knowing misrepresentation may start a chain reaction,” he wrote (p. 190), Commenting on Zirkle’s paper shortly thereafter, P. Thomasson and J.C. Stanley agreed that “the uncritical citation of disputed data by a writer, whether it be deliberate or not, is a serious matter. Of course, knowingly propagandizing unsubstantiated claims is particularly abhorrent, but just as many naive students may be swayed by unfounded assertions presented by a writer who is unaware of the criticisms. Buried in scholarly journals, critical notes are increasingly likely to be overlooked with the passage of time, while the studies to which they pertain, having been reported more widely, are apt to be rediscovered” (Science Vol, 121, 1955. p. 610). That last sentence is as relevant today as it was over three decades ago. And in the context of the ongoing debate about the extent and consequences of falsified data appearing in the journal literature, there seems to be a heightened awareness of the significant role that correction or retraction notices play in scientific communication. Such notices (when not trumpeted in the press as evidence of fraud, most of which are no such thing) are important devices to ensure that science progresses on firm ground. Moreover, they are doubly important these days as verification of published results through the duplication of experiments becomes a rare activity. Who has time or
Livšic theorems for non-commutative groups including diffeomorphism groups and results on the existence of conformal structures for Anosov systems

Abstract The celebrated Livšic theorem [A. N. Livšic, Certain properties of the homology of Y-systems, Mat. Zametki 10 (1971), 555–564; A. N. Livšic, Cohomology of dynamical systems, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 36 (1972), 1296–1320] states that given a manifold M, a Lie group G, a transitive Anosov diffeomorphism f on M and a Hölder function η:M↦G whose range is sufficiently close to the identity, it is sufficient for the existence of ϕ:M↦G satisfying η(x)=ϕ(f(x))ϕ(x)−1 that a condition—obviously necessary—on the cocycle generated by η restricted to periodic orbits is satisfied. In this paper we present a new proof of the main result. These methods allow us to treat cocycles taking values in the group of diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold. This has applications to rigidity theory. The localization procedure we develop can be applied to obtain some new results on the existence of conformal structures for Anosov systems.
An assessment of progress toward universal salt iodization in Rajasthan, India, using iodine nutrition indicators in school-aged children and pregnant women from the same households.

BACKGROUND In Rajasthan, an Indian State with significant salt production, the sale of non-iodized salt for human consumption was banned in 1992. This study explored the relationships between the use of iodized salt in Rajasthan and the iodine status of children and pregnant women living in the area. METHODS In a State-wide survey, 30 clusters were selected proportionate-to-population-size and 40 school children, 6-12 years old, were enrolled by random house-to-house visits in each cluster. Twelve pregnant women from the same households were also sampled. Salt used for cooking and a casual urine sample from each child and pregnant woman were collected. The salt iodine content was measured by titration and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) by a quality-assured colorimetric method. RESULTS Salt iodine content was >or=15 mg/kg in 41.9% of the households, and 23.0% used non-iodized salt. Median UIC was 139 microg/L in children and 127 microg/L in pregnant women. In households using non-iodized salt, the median UIC's were 96 microg/L and 100 microg/L in children and women, respectively. Dis-aggregating the UIC distributions by salt iodine levels revealed a consistent, step-wise pattern of UIC in children with increasing salt iodine content. A similar but less steep pattern was observed in pregnant women. The iodine status of both children and pregnant women attained the optimal range only when the salt iodine content was close to 30 mg/kg. CONCLUSION For optimum iodine status in the population of Rajasthan, the iodization of household salt should be mandated at a higher level than what is practiced at present.
A new approach in object-oriented methodology for creating event-based simulator

This paper explores software design methodologies in the context of creating a simulator and proposes a methodology to design and implement an event-based simulator namely SimMet. SimMet is explored in the context of the development of a complex simulator for simulating real world conditions to use in science, technology and medicine and other simulations. In this paper we interested in event-based approach to create a real world with variety range of event possibilities. The paper first discusses the role of time concept as the cornerstone of a methodical analysis and design phase. In SimMet we use an adaptation of object-oriented methodology to meet time and event concepts in creating a simulator. In the paper we use DBMSS, the simulator that was designed and implemented by SimMet, to test and evaluate SimMet. DBMSS provide a real world environment which is event-based in the test phase of our research. We discuss the architecture of DBMSS and use it to provide arrival transactions to test and evaluate concurrency protocols in database system. We present the comparison of 4 concurrency protocols in variety of conditions and workloads of transactions which is provided by DBMSS. In particular we show that in which conditions each protocol gain over the other protocols and compare the results to the proved results in literature. The results of the comparison show that DBMSS could simulate the real world conditions of arrival transactions and our methodology can be used to create efficient simulated environments
Impaired right inferior frontal gyrus response to contextual cues in male veterans with PTSD during response inhibition.

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often associated with impaired fear inhibition and decreased safety cue processing; however, studies capturing the cognitive aspect of inhibition and contextual cue processing are limited. In this fMRI study, the role of contextual cues in response inhibition was investigated. METHODS Male medication-naive war veterans with PTSD, male control veterans (combat controls) and healthy nonmilitary men (healthy controls) underwent fMRI while performing the stop-signal anticipation task (SSAT). The SSAT evokes 2 forms of response inhibition: reactive inhibition (outright stopping) and proactive inhibition (anticipation of stopping based on contextual cues). RESULTS We enrolled 28 veterans with PTSD, 26 combat controls and 25 healthy controls in our study. Reduced reactive inhibition was observed in all veterans, both with and without PTSD, but not in nonmilitary controls, whereas decreased inhibition of the left pre/postcentral gyrus appeared to be specifically associated with PTSD. Impaired behavioural proactive inhibition was also specific to PTSD. Furthermore, the PTSD group showed a reduced right inferior frontal gyrus response during proactive inhibition compared with the combat control group. LIMITATIONS Most patients with PTSD had comorbid psychiatric disorders, but such comorbidity is common in patients with PTSD. Also, the education level (estimate of intelligence) of participants, but not of their parents, differed among the groups. CONCLUSION Our findings of reduced proactive inhibition imply that patients with PTSD show reduced contextual cue processing. These results complement previous findings on fear inhibition and demonstrate that contextual cue processing in patients with PTSD is also reduced during cognitive processes, indicating a more general deficit.
Scientific Software Testing: Analysis with Four Dimensions

By analyzing our testing exercise through the four dimensions of context, goals, techniques, and adequacy, we developed a better understanding of how to effectively test a piece of scientific software. Once we considered the scientist-tester as part of the testing system, the exercise evolved in a way that made use of and increased his knowledge of the software. One result was an approach to software assessment that combines inspection with code execution. An other result was the suppression of process-driven testing in favor of goal centric approaches. The combination of software engineer working with scientist was success ful in this case. The software engineer brings a toolkit of ideas, and the scientist chooses and fashions the tools into some thing that works for a specific situation. Unlike many other types of software systems, scientific software includes the scientist as an integral part of the system. The tools that support the scientist must include the scientist's knowledge and goals in their design. This represents a different way of considering the juxtaposition of software engineering with scientific software development.
Breaking ranks? Differentiating nominal group technique scoring approaches for consensus and prioritization

ABSTRACT Due to myriad applications of the nominal group technique (NGT), a highly flexible iterative focus group method, researchers know little about its optimal scoring procedures. Exploring benefits and biases that such procedures might present, we aim to clarify how NGT scoring systems can privilege consensus or prioritization. In conducting the first study both to feature NGT data from the same participants at multiple time points or to compare scoring procedures with actual, not simulated, data, we found clear differences between consensus (ratings) and prioritization (rankings) scoring schemata’s abilities to discriminate categories. We recommend that NGT users (1) state whether they intend to emphasize consensus, prioritization, or both; (2) name their scoring schema and explain it mathematically; and (3) detail implications of their choices. We also discuss uses of NGT as a research tool, especially for global citizenship education including study-abroad programmes in contexts where reliable access to electricity and/or the internet may be challenging.
An In-Depth Comparison of Latent HIV-1 Reactivation in Multiple Cell Model Systems and Resting CD4+ T Cells from Aviremic Patients

The possibility of HIV-1 eradication has been limited by the existence of latently infected cellular reservoirs. Studies to examine control of HIV latency and potential reactivation have been hindered by the small numbers of latently infected cells found in vivo. Major conceptual leaps have been facilitated by the use of latently infected T cell lines and primary cells. However, notable differences exist among cell model systems. Furthermore, screening efforts in specific cell models have identified drug candidates for “anti-latency” therapy, which often fail to reactivate HIV uniformly across different models. Therefore, the activity of a given drug candidate, demonstrated in a particular cellular model, cannot reliably predict its activity in other cell model systems or in infected patient cells, tested ex vivo. This situation represents a critical knowledge gap that adversely affects our ability to identify promising treatment compounds and hinders the advancement of drug testing into relevant animal models and clinical trials. To begin to understand the biological characteristics that are inherent to each HIV-1 latency model, we compared the response properties of five primary T cell models, four J-Lat cell models and those obtained with a viral outgrowth assay using patient-derived infected cells. A panel of thirteen stimuli that are known to reactivate HIV by defined mechanisms of action was selected and tested in parallel in all models. Our results indicate that no single in vitro cell model alone is able to capture accurately the ex vivo response characteristics of latently infected T cells from patients. Most cell models demonstrated that sensitivity to HIV reactivation was skewed toward or against specific drug classes. Protein kinase C agonists and PHA reactivated latent HIV uniformly across models, although drugs in most other classes did not.
Dependency-based Topic-Oriented Sentiment Analysis in Microposts

In this paper, we present a method that exploits syntactic dependencies for topic-oriented sentiment analysis in microposts. The proposed solution is based on supervised text classification (decision trees in particular) and freely-available polarity lexicons in order to identify the relevant dependencies in each sentence by detecting the correct attachment points for the polarity words. Our experiments are based on the data from the Semantic Evaluation Exercise 2015 (SemEval2015), task 10, subtask C. The dependency parser that we used is adapted to this kind of text. Our classifier that combines both topicand sentence-level features obtained very good results (comparable to the best official SemEval-2015 results).
Intention Recognition for Dynamic Role Exchange in Haptic Collaboration

In human-computer collaboration involving haptics, a key issue that remains to be solved is to establish an intuitive communication between the partners. Even though computers are widely used to aid human operators in teleoperation, guidance, and training, because they lack the adaptability, versatility, and awareness of a human, their ability to improve efficiency and effectiveness in dynamic tasks is limited. We suggest that the communication between a human and a computer can be improved if it involves a decision-making process in which the computer is programmed to infer the intentions of the human operator and dynamically adjust the control levels of the interacting parties to facilitate a more intuitive interaction setup. In this paper, we investigate the utility of such a dynamic role exchange mechanism, where partners negotiate through the haptic channel to trade their control levels on a collaborative task. We examine the energy consumption, the work done on the manipulated object, and the joint efficiency in addition to the task performance. We show that when compared to an equal control condition, a role exchange mechanism improves task performance and the joint efficiency of the partners. We also show that augmenting the system with additional informative visual and vibrotactile cues, which are used to display the state of interaction, allows the users to become aware of the underlying role exchange mechanism and utilize it in favor of the task. These cues also improve the user's sense of interaction and reinforce his/her belief that the computer aids with the execution of the task.
Disk Evolution since z ~ 1 in a CDM Universe

Increasingly large populations of disk galaxies are now being observed at increasingly high redshifts, providing new constraints on our knowledge of how such galaxies evolve. Are these observations consistent with a cosmology in which structures form hierarchically? To probe this question, we employ SPH/N-body galaxy-scale simulations of late-type galaxies. We examine the evolution of these simulated disk galaxies from redshift 1 to 0, looking at the mass-size and luminosity-size relations, and the thickness parameter, defined as the ratio of scale height to scale length. The structural parameters of our simulated disks settle down quickly, and after redshift z = 1 the galaxies evolve to become only slightly flatter. Our simulated present-day galaxies are larger, more massive, less bright, and redder than at z = 1. The inside-out nature of the growth of our simulated galaxies reduces, and perhaps eliminates, expectations of evolution in the size-mass relation.
An extended genetic rule induction algorithm

Describes an extension of a genetic algorithm (GA) based separate-and-conquer propositional rule induction algorithm called SIA (Supervised Inductive Algorithm). While the original algorithm is computationally attractive and is also able to handle both nominal and continuous attributes efficiently, our algorithm further improves it by taking into account recent advances in the rule induction and evolutionary computation communities. The refined system has been compared to other GA-based and non-GA-based rule learning algorithms on a number of benchmark data sets from the UCI (University of California, Irvine) machine learning repository. The results show that the proposed system can achieve higher performance while still producing a smaller number of rules.