Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of derotational humeral osteotomy on global shoulder function in brachial plexus birth palsy.

BACKGROUND Derotational humeral osteotomies have been used in older children with brachial plexus birth palsy and glenohumeral joint deformity to place the upper extremity in a more functional position. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of these procedures on shoulder function and joint morphology. METHODS Forty-three patients underwent a derotational humeral osteotomy for functional impairment in the setting of internal rotation contracture and/or glenohumeral joint deformity at our institution from 1996 to 2004. Osteotomies were performed proximal to the deltoid insertion and were stabilized with plate-and-screw fixation. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 7.6 years (range, 2.3 to 17.0 years). Shoulder function was graded according to the modified Mallet classification system. Glenohumeral deformity was graded according to the classification scheme of Waters et al. The results for twenty-seven patients who were followed for a minimum of two years (average, 3.7 years) are reported. RESULTS The average amount of external rotation achieved with osteotomy was 64 degrees (range, 35 degrees to 90 degrees). The mean aggregate Mallet classification score improved from 13 to 18 points (p < 0.01). The mean Mallet classification scores for the individual elements similarly demonstrated improvement following osteotomy, with the greatest gains in hand-to-mouth, hand-to-neck, and external rotation motions. The mean classification of the glenohumeral deformity was type IV preoperatively and postoperatively, signifying the persistence of glenohumeral dysplasia. There were no nonunions. One patient required a revision osteotomy for inadequate initial correction. One patient sustained a humeral fracture distal to the plate fixation because of sports-related trauma. CONCLUSIONS Derotational humeral osteotomy improves shoulder function in patients with brachial plexus birth palsy, internal rotation contracture, and/or advanced glenohumeral joint deformity. This osteotomy provides an attractive treatment option for patients with brachial plexus birth palsy who have advanced glenohumeral dysplasia precluding soft-tissue releases and tendon transfers.
Effects of social anxiety and group membership of potential affiliates on social reconnection after ostracism

After being ostracized, people would try to socially reconnect with others. However, people high in social anxiety (HSA) might be more unwilling to reconnect with new affiliates than people low in social anxiety (LSA) because HSA individuals are more pessimistic and fear about the interaction with others. Particularly, it might be more difficult for HSA individuals to reconnect with outgroup members. As a result, HSA ostracized participants showed a greater desire to reconnect with ingroup members than with outgroup members. When social anxiety was low, there was no difference in desire to reconnect with ingroup and outgroup members. INTRODUCTION To be ostracized is to be excluded or ignored, which thwarts the basic need to belong (Williams, 2007, 2009). The need to belong is one of the most fundamental human needs. Ostracism can bring about a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being, and even death in extreme cases (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Thus, people can promptly detect the possibility of ostracism in order to avoid this outcome (Williams, 2007, 2009). Even by rather subtle cues of ostracism, such as being excluded from receiving the ball during a ball-tossing computer game (Cyberball; Williams, Cheung, & Choi, 2000; Williams & Jarvis, 2006), participants reported that they felt ignored and excluded and that their belonging needs were threatened (e.g., Williams et al., 2000; Zadro, Williams, & Richardson, 2004) or behavioral responses were produced (e.g., Jamieson, Harkins, & Williams, 2010). If indeed people can readily detect ostracism, individuals should be highly sensitive to potential sources of social acceptance and should engage in behaviors that may encourage social reconnection with new partners (Bernstein, Young, Brown, Sacco, & Claypool, 2008, 2010; DeWall, Maner, & Rouby, 2009; Jamieson et al., 2010; Maner, DeWall, Baumeister, & Schaller, 2007). In a previous experiment (Maner et al., 2007), they assessed participants’ desire for social reconnection by asking them whether they would prefer to complete a task alone or with a group. If ostracism increases a desire for affiliation, ostracized participants should prefer working
Risk factor for respiratory death after lung cancer surgery in octogenarians

Background As society ages, the frequency of elderly patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer is increasing. However, the indications for surgery in octogenarians are still controversial. We examined the outcomes of elderly patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer, focusing especially on non-cancer-related death. Methods Between January 2004 and March 2011, 1673 patients with lung cancer underwent surgical resection at our institution. Of these, we retrospectively examined 174 patients aged 80 years or older. Results Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 24.3% and 1.15%, respectively. Of 163 patients who were followed up completely, 78 (47.9%) died. The overall postoperative survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 63.6% and 48.3%, respectively. Almost half of the deaths were due to causes other than lung cancer recurrence, with respiratory disease accounting for the majority. We found that a low body mass index was a significant risk factor for death due to respiratory disease after lung cancer surgery in this patient cohort. Conclusion The overall survival rate of octogenarians undergoing lung cancer surgery is acceptable. However, because octogenarians with a low body mass index have a significantly higher risk of death due to respiratory disease, surgeons and pulmonologists should take this into account when performing postoperative follow-up in these patients.
The psychology of group perception : perceived variability, entitativity, and essentialism

V. Yzerbyt, C.M. Judd, O. Corneille, Perceived Variability, Entitativity, and Essentialism: Introduction and Overview. M.B. Brewer, Y. Hong, Q. Li, Dynamic Entitivity: Perceiving Groups as Actors. D.L. Hamilton, S.J. Sherman, J.S. Rodgers, Perceiving the Groupness of Groups: Entitativity, Homogeneity, Essentialism, and Stereotypes. N. Haslam, L. Rothschild, D. Ernst, Essentialism and Entitativity: Structures of Beliefs about the Ontology of Social Categories. M. Rothbart, B. Park, The Mental Representation of Social Categories: Category Boundaries, Entitativity, and Stereotype Change. V. Yzerbyt, C. Estrada, O. Corneille, E. Seron, S. Demoulin, Subjective Essentialism in Action: Self-anchoring and Social Control as Consequences of Fundamental Social Divides. J.E. Plaks, S.R. Levy, C.S. Dweck, S.J. Stroessner, In the Eye of the Beholder: Lay Theories and the Perception of Group Entitativity, Variability, and Essence. K.C. Klauer, K. Ehrenberg, I. Wegener, Components of Homogeneity: A Multiple-process Model of Social Categorization. C. McGarty, Forming Stereotypes of Entitative Groups. P.W. Linville, G.W. Fischer, From Basketball to Business: Expertise, Implicit Covariation, and Social Judgement. M. Rubin, M. Hewstone, R.J. Crisp, A. Voci, Z. Richards, Gender Out-group Homogeneity: The Roles of Differential Familiarity, Gender Differences, and Group Size. A. Guinote, Group Size, Outcome Dependency and Power: Effects on Perceived and Objective Group Variability. M. Brauer, C.M. Judd, M.S. Thompson, The Acquisition, Transmission, and Discussion of Social Stereotypes: Influences of Communication on Group Perceptions. Y. Kashima, Culture, Communication, and Entitativity: A Social Psychological Investigation of Social Reality. C.S. Ryan, D.R. Robinson, L.R. M. Hausmann, Group Socialization, Uncertainty Reduction, and the Development of New Members' Perceptions of Group Variability. R. Spears, D. Scheepers, J. Jetten, B. Doosje, N. Ellemers, T. Postmes, Entitativity, Group Distinctiveness and Social Identity: Getting and Using Social Structure. K.J. Reynolds, P.J. Oakes, S.A. Haslam, J.C. Turner, M.K. Ryan, Social Identity as the Basis of Group Entitativity: Elaborating the Case for the 'Science of Social Groups per se'. T. Wildschut, C.A. Insko, B. Pinter, The Perception of Outgroup Threat: Content and Activation of the Outgroup Schema. D. Abrams, J.M. Marques, G. Randsley de Moura, P. Hutchison, N.J. Bown, The Maintenance of Entitativity: A Subjective Group Dynamics Approach. E. Castano, On the Advantages of Reifying the Ingroup. M.A. Hogg, Uncertainty and Extremism: Identification with High Entitativity Groups under Conditions of Uncertainty. R.L. Moreland, J.G. McMinn, Entitativity and Social Integration: Managing Beliefs about the Reality of Groups.
Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex‐cord tumors producing parathyroid hormone‐related protein of the uterine cervix

A case of uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex‐cord tumors (UTROSCT) producing parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTH‐rP) of the uterine cervix is reported. A 66‐year‐old woman underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo ‐oophorectomy due to the possibility of a malignant uterine tumor. A fairly well‐circumscribed tumor, measuring 8 × 5 × 7 cm, was present in the myometrium of the cervix and extended into the endocervical mucosa. Histologically, the tumor showed predominantly sex‐cord‐like differentiation and the features of conventional endometrial low‐grade stromal sarcoma were observed in part. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were negative for CD10. From these findings, we diagnosed the present case as Clement and Scully’s group II UTROSCT arising from the uterine cervix. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the cervical occurrence of UTROSCT. Furthermore, in this tumor, production of PTH‐rP was demonstrated by normalization of serum PTH‐rP after the tumorectomy and immunoreactivity for PTH‐rP in the tumor cells.
Understanding the Social Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Community Adolescents

The objective of this article is to provide clinicians with an overview of various social functions of nonsuicidal self-injury as they relate to recent cross-cultural literature, in order to ultimately inform effective treatment planning. Evidence is presented supporting Nock’s (2008) social theory of nonsuicidal self-injury, indicating that self-injury acts as a means of communication, often relating to unreceptive environments or through skill deficits. Further evidence is presented suggesting self-injury acts as a way of avoiding undesirable tasks or increasing group belonging and closeness in relationships. Although the media may influence self-injury, the relationship is complex and remains unclear. Given the above findings, practitioners should focus on addressing skill deficits, including family members in treatment, investigating the role of the Internet in relation to self-harm, and developing an appropriate professional response in order to reduce contagion.
Reward Alters Perception of Time.

Classic studies have demonstrated an important role of attention in perception of time. Which stimuli enjoy attentional priority has also been shown to be affected by reward. For instance, recent studies showed that stimuli associated with relatively high reward are attentionally prioritized over stimuli associated with low or no reward. The question we addressed in the present study is whether a reward association also affects perception of time. Here participants had to perform a prospective timing task using temporal oddballs. In this task six standard stimuli (e.g. black circle) each displayed for a fixed duration (500 ms) and one colored oddball (e.g. red circle) displayed for varying durations (350-650 ms), were shown in succession at the center of fixation. Participants had to indicate whether they perceived the oddball to last shorter or longer in time than the standard stimuli. In three experiments we manipulated whether the color of the oddball (exp 1 and 3) or the color of the standard (exp 2) signaled whether reward could be earned for a correct response. The color indicated how much reward could be earned (high, low or no). To assess how reward affects the temporal perception of the oddball, psychometric curves were estimated. The results showed that participants perceived an oddball signaling relatively higher reward to last longer than the standards compared to when the oddball signaled lower reward. However, when reward was signaled by the standards and not by the oddball, the duration perception of the oddball remained unaffected. We argue that by signaling a relatively higher reward, a stimulus becomes more salient thus modulating attentional deployment towards it and distorting how it is perceived in time. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
Evolution of Brain Activation with Good and Poor Motor Recovery after Stroke

Objective. To characterize the evolution of brain activation in stroke patients with variable motor recovery and quantify changes relative to healthy controls. Methods. Serial PET activation studies, using a simple finger-tapping task, and quantitative measures of motor performance were obtained in 9 patients (2-7 weeks poststroke and 6 months later) and compared with serial healthy volunteer data. Results. Patients with moderate impairment and good recovery (n = 5) activated the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) contralateral to the paretic hand moved, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), contralateral cingulate gyrus, and ipsilateral lateral premotor cortex. Activation in the bilateral SMA was greater at the initial study but reduced over time compared to healthy controls and poor recoverers. Patients with severe impairment and poor recovery (n =4) showed limited activation of contralateral SM1 and SMA at both studies and no significant change over time. A posterior shift in SM1 activation was evident in good and poor recoverers. Conclusions. Activation of typical motor regions and recruitment of additional sites occur subacutely poststroke, with evolution to normal patterns in moderately impaired patients who recover well. In comparison, severely impaired, poor-recovery patients show persistent, reduced activation. Dynamic changes in SMA, differentially observed in good recoverers over 6 months, highlight its importance in recovery.
Disadvantaged consumers' experiences of marketplace discrimination in services: a conceptual model of antecedents and customer outcomes

Marketplace discrimination, which involves a differential treatment of customers in the marketplace based on perceived group-level traits, is common in service encounters. In the past, research has focused on discrimination experienced by members of ethnic minorities, however, not much is known about marketplace discrimination attributed to age, gender, physical ability and sexual orientation. The aim of this research is to develop a conceptual model that links perceived marketplace discrimination to individual-level and firm-level determinants as well as to customer outcomes. Drawing on Social Identification Theory, the antecedents-perceived discrimination link is examined. Based on a review of the literature, specific research propositions are developed. By applying insights from Fairness Theory and on the basis of 46 phenomenological interviews, the discrimination experienced by members of different disadvantaged groups and their response to perceived discrimination are explored. All participants claim.
An m-leaming game for the study of humanities

Unlike the hard sciences, the study of humanities has not adequately leveraged on technologies such as mobile learning and serious games. Hence, this paper introduces SingaRacer, a mobile learning game to study humanities, specifically, history and culture. The ways in which users might perceive its prospect both as a game as well as an educational application was examined. For this purpose, SingaRacer was evaluated through a user study comprising 52 participants. Their intention to use SingaRacer was generally promising. Implications of the findings are highlighted.
What is wrong with the tenets underpinning current management of severe traumatic brain injury?

The results of a recent randomized controlled trial comparing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor–based treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) to management without ICP monitoring prompt this skeptical reconsideration of the scientific foundation underlying current sTBI management. Much of current practice arises from research performed under conditions that are no longer relevant today. The definition of an episode of intracranial hypertension is incomplete, and the application of a fixed, universal ICP treatment threshold is poorly founded. Although intracranial hypertension is a valid indicator of disease severity, it remains to be demonstrated that lowering ICP improves outcome. Furthermore, sTBI has not been categorized on the basis of underlying pathophysiology despite the current capability to do so. Similar concerns also apply to manipulation of cerebral perfusion with respect to maintaining universal thresholds for contrived variables rather than tailoring treatment to monitored processes. As such, there is a failure to either optimize management approaches or minimize associated treatment risks for individual sTBI patients. The clinical and research TBI communities need to reassess many of the sTBI management concepts that are currently considered well established.
Growth Performance and Biomass Accumulation of a Khaya ivorensis Plantation in three Soil Series of Ultisols

Abstract: Problem statement: There was no information about the relationship between growth parameters, such as diameter and height and tree component biomass of Khaya ivorensis plantations with different soil types. The objectives of this study were, first, to determine and compare the growth of K. ivorensis in three different (Padang Besar, Durian and Rengam) soil series of Ultisols and, second, to develop an allometric equation that estimates the biomass accumulation of the K. ivorensis plantation in three different soil series five years after planting. Approach: This study was conducted at a K. ivorensis plantation in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Research Station in Segamat, Johor, Malaysia. The tree height (H) and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) were measured to evaluate the growth performance of the K. ivorensis plantation. Five sampled or trees stand of K. ivorensis in each soil series were destructively analyzed. Results: The highest growth rates in terms of MAI diameter and height, and basal area were found for the Padang Besar soil series, which was followed by the Durian and Rengam soil series. The best fit regression of site-specific equations developed from the independent variable D are recommended for estimating tree component biomass and stem volume in each site. A single allometric equation using D was applicable for the estimation of biomass and stem volume however, in Padang Besar, stem biomass and stem volume were estimated with an equation using D2H. The highest stem volume and biomass accumulation value were recorded at Padang Besar (77.99 m3 h-1 and 63.16 t ha-1, respectively), which was followed by the Durian (53.10 m3 h-1 and 46.33t ha-1, respectively) and Rengam soil series (43.13 m3 h-1 and 40.96 t ha-1, respectively). Conclusion: Differences in the growth and biomass accumulation data indicate that forest productivity of K. ivorensis was affected by different site conditions. The higher growth performance and productivity of K. ivorensis in terms of the stem volume and biomass accumulation in Padang Besar compared those in the Durian and Rengam soil series shows that the species was able to adapt to the soil characteristics of the Padang Besar soil series.
The Reproduction of ‘Cultural Taste’ Amongst the Ukrainian Diaspora in Bradford, England

This paper refers to research with Ukrainian families in Bradford that was conducted in an attempt to investigate the transmission of values, with particular reference to food. Here we report on how this research led us towards a better understanding of how cultural ‘taste’ evolves between generations. The paper thus draws upon three studies undertaken in the 1980s, 1990s and more recently between 2005 and 2008 with those who identify themselves with the Ukrainian communities in the city. The first two studies used oral history to collect life stories, while the more recent research used a range of anthropological methods. We have sought to draw in particular on, and combine theoretical insights from, Bourdieu and Passeron's work on ‘habitus’ (1979) and Mannheim's concept of ‘generational style’ (1997). By combining the earlier testimonies with more recent data, we conclude that each generation has developed its own distinctive projects and styles as it has negotiated its historical times. In arriving at this conclusion we want to suggest that while the influences of technology and media are influential in transforming ‘taste’, and foodways in particular, the generational projects and their food ideologies were the main determinant factor shaping the foodways of the Ukrainian diaspora.
Zinc Status in South Asian Populations—An Update

This article attempts to highlight the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its health and economic consequences in South Asian developing countries and to shed light on possible approaches to combating zinc deficiency. A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Google, and ScienceDirect.com to retrieve relevant scientific literature published between 2000 and 2012. The search yielded 194 articles, of which 71 were culled. Studies were further screened on the basis of population groups, age and sex, pregnancy, and lactation. The most relevant articles were included in the review. Cutoffs for serum zinc concentration defined for zinc deficiency were 65 µg/dL for males and females aged <10 years, 66 µg/dL for non-pregnant females, and 70 µg/dL for males aged ≥10 years. Population segments from rural and urban areas of South Asian developing countries were included in the analysis. They comprised pregnant and lactating women, preschool and school children. The analysis reveals that zinc deficiency is high among children, pregnant and lactating women in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Diarrhoea has been established as a leading cause to intensify zinc deficiency in Bangladesh. Little has been done in Sri Lanka and Nepal to estimate the prevalence of zinc deficiency precisely. A substantial population segment of the South Asian developing countries is predisposed to zinc deficiency which is further provoked by increased requirements for zinc under certain physiological conditions. Supplementation, fortification, and dietary diversification are the most viable strategies to enhancing zinc status among various population groups.