Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making a Difference: Occupational Therapy in the Public Schools

In this study the nature of occupational therapy practice in the public schools was explored through the use of qualitative methodology. Five expert school system practitioners participated in open-ended, in-depth interviews conducted by the principal investigator These occupational therapists were asked to narrate a situation from their practice when they felt their interventions had made significant differences for students and in students' abilities to learn in school. Transcripts from the narrative interviews were analyzed for thematic content using a method of constant comparative analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Three major themes emerged from this analysis: reframing, untold stories and situatedness, and ambivalence and paradox. The results of this study describe the practice of expert occupational therapists in public schools from a unique perspective. They also provide some insights into the ways in which educationally related occupational therapy services developed over time.
Predictors of weight loss after HAART initiation among HIV-infected adults in Tanzania

Objective:To explore the predictors of weight loss after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation in a large cohort of HIV-infected adults living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Design:Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of a cohort of HIV-infected adults on HAART. Methods:HIV-infected adults (n = 18 965) were enrolled between November 2004 to December 2009 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Log-binomial regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to explore the predictors of short-term (3 months) and long-term significant weight loss (≥5%) after HAART initiation. Results:At 3 months after HAART initiation, 8% patients lost greater than or equal to 5% weight. Underweight patients at initiation gained more weight than other body mass index (BMI) groups. Younger or older than age group 30–39, lower socioeconomic status (SES), higher BMI, lower hemoglobin, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting at baseline were associated with the risk of significant weight loss at 3 months after initiation. During a median follow-up period of 10 months [interquartile range (IQR) 4–20 months], 31% patients had experienced an initial significant weight loss after HAART initiation. In addition to time-varying CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level, age, sex, baseline BMI and having loss of appetite, and nausea/vomiting at baseline were associated with the risk of long-term significant weight loss. Conclusion:Our study suggested that a significant percentage of patients continue to lose weight after HAART initiation. Our findings on the effect of socio-demographics, symptoms and diseases, biomedical indicators in relation to weight loss provide important information that has significant practical implications.
The embedding of reported speech in a rhetorical structure by prosecutors and defense lawyers in Dutch trials

Abstract Closing arguments in Dutch trials are representative of the adversarial part of the Dutch criminal justice system. The prosecutor and the defense lawyer design these arguments to persuade the judges of their opposing versions of the criminal events. Both parties draw on written documents such as the police record and on the interrogations during trial to present their perspectives on the case. References to these prior statements often take the form of reported speech. Prosecutors and defense lawyers subtly frame and change these statements. In this article I draw on insights from conversation analysis and discursive psychology to explore the way direct quotations are used to present a point of view. Most importantly, I will demonstrate how direct quotations are framed and embedded in a three-step rhetorical structure by prosecutors and defense lawyers.
Correlates of the Long Postpartum Taboo: A Cross-Cultural Study

FEW "PRIMITIVE" CUSTOMS have attracted the attention of Western scholars more than the postpartum taboo-the custom requiring a lactating mother to refrain from sexual intercourse (Murdock 1967:161). 2 In the past it was often cited as evidence of the "superstitious mind of the savage. " More recently, demographers such as CarrSaunders (1922:214) and Krzwicki (1934:205) have suggested that prolonged postpartum sexual abstinence is likely to reduce the fertility level of the society that imposes it, a view supported by Nag's (1962) careful study. The association between the long postpartum taboo and exclusive mother-child sleeping arrangements, initiation rites, kin-avoidances, sorcery, and polygyny has been discussed from both the psychological and sociological points of view by Whiting, Kluckhohn, and Anthony (1958), Stephens (1962), and Young (1965). Such ecological considerations as tropical climate and low level of nutrition have been proposed by Whiting (1964) as independent causal factors of the long postpartum taboo. Two points should be clarified from the start. First, as Henry (1961) has suggested, the postpartum taboo cannot be seen as a method of birth control, because its practice is not a function of the number of children already born to the family. Second, it must be realized that a long postpartum taboo (defined here as more than one year in length) is a severe deprivation for the mother, since there is no indication (Ford and Beach 1951:217) that suckling decreases the level of libido in any significant way. The taboo is also a burden for the monogamous men of these societies, that is, the young and the poor. Consequently, to explain such a taboo we must postulate serious reasons for its introduction and a strong social organization for its maintenance. The following methodological consideration should be noted: Some ethnographers report only the official rule regarding the postpartum taboo; others describe only the usual behavior of the majority; and, finally, some fail to specify whether coitus interruptus i permitted and when. Because the conceptual basis of the entity "postpartum taboo" is imprecise, if not ambiguous, a study of it can only show broad trends and furnish some clues. A good point of departure is furnished by Whiting's (1964) finding that the long postpartum taboo is associated with tropical climate and a low level of nutrition. The numerous exceptions to this rule suggest the action of other factors. Following Kobben's (1967) suggestion, I will attempt o identify some of these factors by an intensive study of four societies which are exceptions. I will then formulate tentative hypotheses and subsequently test them with data available in Murdock's "Ethnographic Atlas" (1967). Finally, I will propose an interpretation of the findings and elaborate further hypotheses. Let me make it clear from the outset that because I am attempting to explore the context of the postpartum taboo in its entirety, this study will give a very rapid and sometimes uperficial treatment of some aspects. My purpose is to sketch a consistent general pattern.
Children’s experiences and meaning construction on parental divorce: A focus group study

The global aim of this study was to explore children’s narratives of parental divorce. A convenience sample, composed of 11- and 14-year-old children, was recruited. A total of 22 children (12 male, 10 female) participated in this focus group study. The findings show that two components seem to be really important for children during the divorce process: the ability to construct meaning about their parents’ decision to divorce and their feeling to count in the process of family transition. Children expressed the need for an explanation about why parents decided to divorce and wanted to matter with regard to the decisions on their post-divorce living arrangements.
Tests of Policy Interventions in DSGE Models

This paper considers tests of the effectiveness of a policy intervention, defined as a change in the parameters of a policy rule, in the context of a macroeconometric dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. We consider two types of intervention, first the standard case of a parameter change that does not alter the steady state, and second one that does alter the steady state, e.g. the target rate of inflation. We consider two types of test, one a multi‐horizon test, where the postintervention policy horizon, H, is small and fixed, and a mean policy effect test where H is allowed to increase without bounds. The multi‐horizon test requires Gaussian errors, but the mean policy effect test does not. It is shown that neither of these two tests are consistent, in the sense that the power of the tests does not tend to unity as H→∞, unless the intervention alters the steady state. This follows directly from the fact that DSGE variables are measured as deviations from the steady state, and the effects of policy change on target variables decay exponentially fast. We investigate the size and power of the proposed mean effect test by simulating a standard three equation New Keynesian DSGE model. The simulation results are in line with our theoretical findings and show that in all applications the tests have the correct size; but unless the intervention alters the steady state, their power does not go to unity with H.
Retrospective Interference Alignment Over Interference Networks

Maddah-Ali and Tse recently introduced the idea of retrospective interference alignment, i.e., achieving interference alignment with only outdated (stale) channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), in the context of the vector broadcast channel. Since the scheme relies on the centralized transmitter's ability to reconstruct all the interference seen in previous symbols, it is not clear if retrospective interference alignment can be applied in interference networks consisting of distributed transmitters and receivers, where interference is contributed by multiple transmitters, each of whom can reconstruct only the part of the interference caused by themselves. In this work, we prove that even in such settings, retrospective interference alignment is feasible. Specifically, we show that it is possible to achieve more than 1 degrees of freedom (DoF) based on only delayed CSIT in the 3-user interference channel and the 2-user X channel consisting of only single antenna nodes. Retrospective interference alignment is also shown to be possible in other settings, such as the 2-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel and with delayed channel output feedback.
Liquidity Constraints and Linkages with Multinationals

Using a unique data set from the Czech Republic for 1994-2003, this study examines the relationship between a firm's liquidity constraints and its supply linkages with multinational corporations (MNCs). The empirical analysis indicates that Czech firms supplying MNCs are less credit constrained than non-suppliers. A closer inspection of the timing of the effect, however, suggests that this result is due to less constrained firms self-selecting into becoming MNC suppliers rather than the benefits derived from the supplying relationship. As recent literature finds that productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) are most likely to take place through contacts between MNCs and their local suppliers, our finding suggests that well-developed financial markets may be needed in order to take full advantage of the benefits associated with FDI inflows.
Treatment of the Periocular Complex in Paralytic Lagophthalmos

Objectives: Paralytic lagophthalmos can lead to devastating exposure keratitis. The main surgical intervention consists of upper eyelid loading. However, adjunctive lower eyelid and brow procedures are also available as necessary. We sought to analyze the use of periocular procedures in paralytic lagophthalmos at Johns Hopkins. Methods: The method was a retrospective review of patients treated at a single tertiary care center from 2006 to 2012. Results: One hundred one patients met inclusion criteria, and 20 patients were excluded for not meeting the minimum follow-up. Upper eyelid loading was required on 95/101 patients (95%). Adjunctive procedures were necessary in 73% (73/101) of patients. Lower eyelid procedures were used in 47% (47/101) and brow lifts in 47% (47/101). Older patients (>50 years) were more likely to require lower eyelid procedures (P = .04) and more likely to require revision (P = .003). Medial canthopexy and direct brow lift were associated with the need for revision (P = .006, P = .03). Conclusion: Paralytic lagophthalmos management is not one-size-fits-all. Upper eyelid loading is the mainstay of treatment; however, adjunctive procedures to the lower eyelid and brow are indicated in the majority of patients. Our retrospective review has allowed us to continue to refine our strategy for managing these patients.
Instructors' Positive Emotions: Effects on Student Engagement and Critical Thinking in U.S. and Chinese Classrooms

In this study, we used the broaden-and-build theory and emotional response theory as the framework to examine the effects of instructors' positive emotions on student engagement and critical thinking in U.S. and Chinese classrooms, as well as the mediating role of students' positive emotions in their relationships. MANOVA results revealed no significant cultural differences in student reports of their instructors' and their own positive emotions across the two cultures, but instructors from both cultures displayed more positive emotions than what students felt or experienced in the classroom. Hierarchical regression analyses results also showed that instructors' positive emotions had positive effects on student behavioral and cognitive engagement and critical thinking in both cultures, but the effects were largely mediated by students' positive emotions. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of instructors' and students' positive emotions in the classroom.
Azithromycin‐Induced Torsade De Pointes

Although erythromycin frequently induces long QT interval and torsade de pointes, the newer drug, azithromycin, has rarely been reported to be associated with torsade de pointes. We report here the occurrence of a significant typical QT prolongation within a few hours after taking azithromycin which lead to torsade de pointes.
Life span and the problem of optimal population size

We reconsider the optimal population size problem in a continuous time economy populated by homogenous cohorts with a fixed life span. Linear production functions in the labor input and standard rearing costs are also considered. First, we study under which conditions the successive cohorts will be given the same consumption per capita. We show that this egalitarian rule is optimal whatever the degree of altruism when life spans are infinite. However, when life spans are finite, this rule can only be optimal in the Benthamite case, i.e. when the degree of altruism is maximal. Second, we prove that under finite life spans the Millian welfare function leads to optimal extinction at finite time whatever the lifetime. In contrast, the Benthamite case is much more involved: for isoelastic utility functions, it gives rise to two threshold lifetime values, say T0
Developing Tools for Research on School Leadership Development: An Illustrative Case of a Computer Simulation.

Purpose – The extant literature on school leadership development is dominated by conceptual analysis, descriptive studies of current practice, critiques of current practice, and prescriptions for better ways to approach practice. Relatively few studies have examined impact of leadership development using experimental methods, among which even fewer studies have employed a cross‐cultural comparative perspective. The aim of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of using a computer simulation as tools for research in leadership development.Design/methodology/approach – This is a methodology development paper. It discusses the feasibility of using a computer simulation as tools for research in leadership development. Exemplary research questions, research designs, and data analyses are used to illustrate the potential of this approach for addressing under‐explored issues in management education.Findings – Three categories of cross‐cultural comparative research questions are proposed: comparative study of l.
Motivations for Using Social Media: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study aimed to examine motivations to use social media in a sample of university students. Grounded in the theory of Uses and Gratifications, the current research sough to delineate user motivations with exploratory factor analysis. To reach the study goals the researcher used cross-sectional survey methodology in which a questionnaire was distributed to 1327 undergraduate students with their consent. The analysis of the data revealed that almost all respondents used social media. Based on factor analysis results, their motivations for doing so are entertainment, information seeking, personal utility and convenience. These factors were positively related to the user’s experience, time spent, and level of satisfaction with social media. Future studies should consider the cultural values of users and examine other possible motivations, taking into account their context.
Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Isolated Chondral Fragments Without Osseous Attachment in the Knee

Background: Isolated chondral fractures of the knee are a rare and challenging problem, typically occurring with an acute traumatic event such as dislocation of the patella or ligamentous injury. Historically, repair of unstable chondral fragments without osseous attachment has not been recommended due to concerns about the limited healing potential of cartilage. Purpose: To describe a technique for fixation of large isolated chondral fractures of the knee and present 3 cases where large chondral fragments without osseous attachment were fixed successfully with chondral darts and biologic adhesive. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The senior author reviewed his case logs for all patients on whom he performed open reduction and internal fixation on large isolated cartilage fragments without osseous attachment. Three were extracted from his review. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Successful results and complete healing was obtained in all 3 patients. This procedure can be done in the setting of concurrent injury, such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, using single- or multistaged chondral repair and ligament reconstruction techniques. Conclusion: Isolated chondral fragment repair techniques provide the orthopaedic surgeon an additional option for treating these challenging injuries. Primary fixation can be accomplished for what have been historically considered “unsalvageable” fragments.
Age at Menarche, Level of Education, Parity and the Risk of Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Population-Based Observational Studies

Background Although rates have declined, hysterectomy is still a frequent gynaecological procedure. To date, there has been no systematic quantification of the relationships between early/mid-life exposures and hysterectomy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to quantify the associations between age at menarche, education level, parity and hysterectomy. Methods Eligible studies were identified by searches in PubMed and Embase through March 2015. Study-specific estimates were summarised using random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. Results Thirty-two study populations were identified for inclusion in at least one meta-analysis. Each year older at menarche was associated with lower risk of hysterectomy—summary hazard ratio 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.95; I2 = 0%); summary odds ratio 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.82, 0.94; I2 = 61%). Low education levels conferred a higher risk of hysterectomy in the lowest versus highest level meta-analysis (summary hazard ratio 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 2.80; I2 = 86%), summary odds ratio 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.35, 1.69; I2 = 90%)) and dose-response meta-analysis (summary odds ratio 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.23; I2 = 85%) per each level lower of education). Sub-group analysis showed that the birth cohort category of study participants, the reference category used for level of education, the year the included article was published, quality of the study (as assessed by the authors) and control for the key variables accounted for the high heterogeneity between studies in the education level meta-analyses. In the meta-analyses of studies of parity and hysterectomy the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions The present meta-analyses suggest that the early life factors of age at menarche and lower education level are associated with hysterectomy, although this evidence should be interpreted with some caution due to variance across the included studies.
Serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of pilus islets in pneumococci following the use of conjugate vaccines

Purpose. In Japan, the 7‐valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2010 and, in 2013, the PCV7 was replaced with the 13‐valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13). This study was conducted to investigate serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of pilus islets in pneumococcal isolates from inpatients in a Japanese tertiary hospital. Methodology. From April 2011 to February 2016, 151 isolates [95 (18 children, 77 adults) and 56 (19 children, 37 adults) in the PCV7 and PCV13 periods, respectively] were collected. All isolates were serotyped using genetic methods and were tested for susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. Unaltered penicillin‐binding protein (PBP) genes, macrolide resistance genes and pilus islets were identified by PCR. Results. Between the two periods, the prevalence of non‐PCV13 serotypes was shown to increase from 50.0 to 78.9% in children, and serotype 3 increased from 14.3 to 24.3% in adults. Six of seven isolates from invasive diseases were assigned to non‐PCV13 serotypes. Overall, multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 46.4% of isolates, which included the dominant non‐PCV13 serotypes 6E, 15A and 23A (prevalence≥75.0%). gPRSP (three altered genes pbp1a, pbp2b and pbp2x) and macrolide resistance genes [erm(B) and/or mef(A/E)] were detected in 35.8 and 93.4% of all isolates, respectively. Pilus islets [PI‐1 (clade I, II and III) and/or PI‐2] were found in 22.5% (34/151) of isolates belonging to six different serotypes (19F, 23F, 19A, 6E, 15B and 35B) and 88.2% (30/34) of these exhibited MDR. Conclusion. This study revealed the spread of MDR in several non‐PCV13 serotypes and in isolates with pilus islets.