Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy harvesting in wireless sensor network with efficient landmark selection using mobile actuator

In this paper, we present an approach to ensure efficient energy distribution among all the nodes in a wireless sensor network by employing mobile chargers from several landmark locations within each sensor cluster with timing constraint. Mobile chargers are considered to use radio frequency signals for the charging purpose and use Hamiltonian cycle to ensure minimum time required to visit landmarks within each sensor cluster. This scheme helps increase the docking time compared to the total cycle time for the mobile chargers to get recharged from the docking station. It also increases the battery lifetime for the sensors which is one of the major bottleneck for wireless sensor networks. The optimum number of landmarks for each cluster is selected with the help of critical nodes whose energy goes below the defined threshold. Later, the mobile chargers calculate the minimum distance among the landmarks and initiate the energy transfer by certain percentage from their own reservoirs. The simulation results show that the proposed approach successfully provides prolonged lifetime for the sensor battery, less waiting time for the sensor nodes to get recharged from the mobile chargers, and maximize docking time for the mobile chargers.
Characteristics and Prediction of Identity Conflicts Concerning Career Goals Among First-Year University Students

A panel of 89 first-year university students participated in a longitudinal study concerning their perceptions of their career goals. As predicted, students who experienced a conflict with respect to their career goals increased their exploration activity and decreased the strength of their commitment. In addition, they perceived more change in commitments during their first year than those not experiencing a conflict. Despite the differences between the groups in the trajectories of their experiences, the groups were not distinguishable at the beginning of this study with regard to identity style, identity status, personality characteristics, or coping style. On the basis of the content of the commitments, it appears that open, information-oriented students who already have developed achieved commitments will likely experience different types of conflict, but not necessarily fewer conflicts, than will other first-year students.
A Formalised Approach to Designing Sonification Systems for Network−Security Monitoring

Sonification systems, in which data are represented through sound, have the potential to be useful in a number of network-security monitoring applications in Security Operations Centres (SOCs). Security analysts working in SOCs generally monitor networks using a combination of anomaly-detection techniques, Intrusion Detection Systems and data presented in visual and text-based forms. In the last two decades significant progress has been made in developing novel sonification systems to further support network-monitoring tasks, but many of these systems have not been sufficiently validated, and there is a lack of uptake in SOCs. Furthermore, little guidance exists on design requirements for the sonification of network data. In this paper, we identify the key role that sonification, if implemented correctly, could play in addressing shortcomings of traditional network-monitoring methods. Based on a review of prior research, we propose an approach to developing sonification systems for network monitoring. This approach involves the formalisation of a model for designing sonifications in this space; identification of sonification design aesthetics suitable for realtime network monitoring; and system refinement and validation through comprehensive user testing. As an initial step in this system development, we present a formalised model for designing sonifications for network-security monitoring. The application of this model is demonstrated through our development of prototype sonification systems for two different use-cases within network security monitoring.
Iterative context bounding for systematic testing of multithreaded programs

Multithreaded programs are difficult to get right because of unexpected interaction between concurrently executing threads. Traditional testing methods are inadequate for catching subtle concurrency errors which manifest themselves late in the development cycle and post-deployment. Model checking or systematic exploration of program behavior is a promising alternative to traditional testing methods. However, it is difficult to perform systematic search on large programs as the number of possible program behaviors grows exponentially with the program size. Confronted with this state-explosion problem, traditional model checkers perform iterative depth-bounded search. Although effective for message-passing software, iterative depth-bounding is inadequate for multithreaded software. This paper proposes iterative context-bounding, a new search algorithm that systematically explores the executions of a multithreaded program in an order that prioritizes executions with fewer context switches. We distinguish between preempting and nonpreempting context switches, and show that bounding the number of preempting context switches to a small number significantly alleviates the state explosion, without limiting the depth of explored executions. We show both theoretically and empirically that context-bounded search is an effective method for exploring the behaviors of multithreaded programs. We have implemented our algorithmin two model checkers and applied it to a number of real-world multithreaded programs. Our implementation uncovered 9 previously unknown bugs in our benchmarks, each of which was exposed by an execution with at most 2 preempting context switches. Our initial experience with the technique is encouraging and demonstrates that iterative context-bounding is a significant improvement over existing techniques for testing multithreaded programs.
Transformational Leadership in the Context of Punctuated Change

Empirical studies are just beginning to link the dynamics of transformational leadership to the context of organization networks, group dynamics, performance, and effectiveness. There still exist few studies that link transformational leadership to change management theories in order to discover which change environments are more receptive to transformational leadership. This literature review will examine transformational leadership and change management theories to identify leadership traits beneficial to continuous change and radical, punctuated change. Interestingly, punctuated change is juxtaposed to continuous change given its disruption of inertia, dismantling of deep structures, and ability to transform organizations. A transformational leadership model is developed that frames 6 transformational leadership traits conducive in punctuated, revolutionary change.
Limb Salvage After Failed Initial Operative Management of Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures in Diabetic Neuropathy

Background: Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be difficult to manage, especially in the presence of peripheral neuropathy. In patients who fail initial operative management, attempts at limb salvage can be challenging, and no clear treatment algorithm exists. This study examined outcomes of different procedures performed for limb salvage in this population. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 17 patients with DM complicated by peripheral neuropathy who sustained a bimalleolar ankle fracture and failed initial operative management. Patients were treated with revision open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (3/17), closed reduction external fixation (CREF) (8/17), or primary ankle joint fusion (3/17 tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with hindfoot nail [TTCN] and 3/17 with tibiotalar arthrodesis using plates and screws [TTA]). Median follow-up was 20 months. Results: The overall rate of limb salvage was 82.3% (14/17). All patients who went on to amputation presented with infection and were treated initially with CREF (3/3). All patients who achieved successful limb salvage ended up with a clinically fused ankle joint (14/14); 9 underwent a primary or delayed formal fusion and 5 had a clinically fused ankle joint at study conclusion after undergoing revision ORIF or CREF with adjunctive procedures. Conclusion: This small study suggests that in this complicated group of patients it is difficult to achieve limb salvage with an end result of a functional ankle joint. CREF can be a viable option in cases where underlying infection or poor bone quality is present. Treatment with revision ORIF frequently requires supplementary external fixator or tibiotalar Steinman pin placement for additional stability. All patients who underwent revision ORIF ended up with clinically fused ankle joints at the end of the study period. Primary fusion procedures (TTA, TTCN) were associated with a high rate of limb salvage and a decreased number of operations. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case series.
Black Participation in Voluntary Associations

This study explored the potential of a new approach to predicting and understand ing black participation in voluntary community organizations. A set of variables based on Mischel's (1973) "cognitive social learning variables" was compared with a larger set of traditional demographic and personality variables for ability to dis criminate blacks who differed in their level of participation. The "cognitive social learning variables" are person variables which attempt to conceptualize how the qualities of the person alter the input of stimuli and how complex behavior patterns are generated by a interaction of person and situation. Analyses indicated the ap proximate statistical comparability of the two sets. Advantages of the use of the cognitive social learning approach for understanding and intervening in black par ticipation in voluntary organizations are discussed.
A LEXICAL-CONSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH TO LIGHT AND SOUND EMISSION VERBS

This article presents an in-depth lexical-constructional analysis of the verb classes of light and sound emission verbs (e.g. flash, rumble). The present research studies the integration of these verbal classes in the causative-inchoative alternation, the resultative, the intransitive motion and the conative constructions. This study has been carried out from the perspective of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM), as put forward by Ruiz de Mendoza and Mairal (2008, 2011). The LCM has developed a set of internal and external constraints that define the conditions for lexical-constructional integration or subsumption. Internal constraints are based on the compatibility of predicates and constructions, while external constraints involve cognitive mechanisms like high-level metaphor and metonymy. Thus, the use of the sound emission verb buzz in the causative construction (I buzzed the bell) is licensed by the high-level metonymy DIRECT/IMMEDIATE RESULT (i.e. SOUND PRODUCTION) FOR DIRECT/IMMEDIATE ACTION.
Understanding Retirement from Sports

Retirement from competitive sports often poses significant difficulties for an athlete, whether competing at the high school college, elite, or professional levels. This article describes the meaning that sport involvement may have for an athlete, and indicates how the affiliation with an identity as an athlete may influence adjustment to retirement. Research has suggested that many athletes are poorly prepared for their retirement from competition and may face considerable difficulties in their coping with the significant life changes that accompany the end of their sports careers and sports identities. Suggestions are presented for various programs to assist athletes before, during, and after their retirement from competition, with special attention given to the application of a life development intervention (LDI) approach.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Epilepsy

Summary Since the pioneering studies of Cooper et al. to influence epilepsy by cerebellar stimulation, numerous attempts have been made to reduce seizure frequency by stimulation of deep brain structures. Evidence from experimental animal studies suggests the existence of a nigral control of the epilepsy system. It is hypothesized that the dorsal midbrain anticonvulsant zone in the superior colliculi is under inhibitory control of efferents from the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) could release the inhibitory effect of the substantia nigra pars reticulata on the dorsal midbrain anticonvulsant zone and thus activate the latter, raising the seizure threshold. Modulation of the seizure threshold by stimulation of deep brain structures—in particular, of the STN—is a promising future treatment option for patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. Experimental studies supporting the existence of the nigral control of epilepsy system and preliminary results of STN stimulation in animals and humans are reviewed, and alternative mechanisms of seizure suppression by STN stimulation are discussed.
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of stomach and oesophagus adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC–EURGAST)

It is considered that fruit and vegetable (F&V) protect against oesophagus and gastric cancer (GC). However, 2 recent meta‐analyses suggest that the strength of association on GC seems to be weaker for vegetables than for fruit and weaker in cohort than in case‐control studies. No evidence exists from cohort studies about adenocarcinoma of oesophagus (ACO). In 521,457 men and women participating in the EPIC cohort in 10 European countries, information of diet and lifestyle was collected at baseline. After an average of 6.5 years of follow‐up, a total of 330 GC and 65 ACO, confirmed and classified by a panel of pathologists, was used for the analysis. We examined the relation between F&V intake and GC and ACO. A calibration study in a sub‐sample was used to control diet measurement errors. In a sub‐sample of cases and a random sample of controls, antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were measured and interactions with F&V were examined in a nested case‐control study. We observed no association with total vegetable intake or specific groups of vegetables and GC risk, except for the intestinal type, where a negative association is possible regarding total vegetable (calibrated HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.35–1.22 per 100 g increase) and onion and garlic intake (calibrated HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.38–1.29 per 10 g increase). No evidence of association between fresh fruit intake and GC risk was observed. We found a negative but non significant association between citrus fruit intake and the cardia site (calibrated HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.47–1.22 per 100 g increase) while no association was observed with the non‐cardia site. Regarding ACO, we found a non significant negative association for vegetable intake and for citrus intake (calibrated HRs 0.72; 95% CI 0.32–1.64 and 0.77; 95% CI 0.46–1.28 per 100 and 50 g increase, respectively). It seems that Hp infection does not modify the effect of F&V intake. Our study supports a possible protective role of vegetable intake in the intestinal type of GC and the ACO. Citrus fruit consumption may have a role in the protection against cardia GC and ACO. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding the Relationships among American Primary-Grade Teachers and Korean Mothers: The Role of Communication and Cultural Sensitivity in the Linguistically Diverse Classroom.

To most effectively meet the needs of young primary-grade children for whom English is not the home language, teachers must come to understand each child's family culture, how the family transmits that culture to the child, and cultural and familial expectations for the child behaviorally and academically. The best source for this information is the parents themselves. The primary goal of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between American teachers and Korean parents, particularly in terms of effectiveness of communication and cultural sensitivity in exchanging information. Much was learned from extensive interviews with four teachers and five Korean mothers about their perceptions and concerns, best methods of communicating, and expectations about the roles of teachers and parents. From what was learned, suggestions were made to facilitate relationships between American teachers and Korean parents as well as parents and teachers of other non-native English-speaking children.
Sex-Specific Associations of Gestational Glucose Tolerance With Childhood Body Composition

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of maternal gestational glucose tolerance with offspring body composition in late childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 958 women in the prebirth cohort Project Viva, glucose tolerance was assessed in the second trimester by nonfasting 50-g 1-h glucose challenge test (GCT), followed if abnormal by fasting 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We categorized women as normoglycemic (83.3%) if GCT was ≤140 mg/dL, isolated hyperglycemia (9.1%) if GCT was abnormal but OGTT normal, intermediate glucose intolerance (IGI) (3.3%) if there was one abnormal value on OGTT, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (4.5%) if there were two or more abnormal OGTT values. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined adjusted associations of glucose tolerance with offspring overall (N = 958) and central (N = 760) adiposity and body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured at the school-age visit (95 ± 10 months). RESULTS Compared with that in the male offspring of normoglycemic mothers, DXA fat mass was higher in male offspring of GDM mothers (1.89 kg [95% CI 0.33–3.45]) but not in male offspring of mothers with IGI (0.06 kg [−1.45 to 1.57]). DXA trunk-to-peripheral fat mass, a measure of central adiposity, was also somewhat higher in male offspring of GDM mothers (0.04 [−0.01 to 0.09]). In girls, DXA fat mass was higher in offspring of mothers with IGI (2.23 kg [0.12–4.34]) but not GDM (−1.25 kg [−3.13 to 0.63]). We showed no association of gestational glucose tolerance with DXA lean mass. CONCLUSIONS In this study, only male offspring of GDM mothers manifested increased adiposity, whereas only female offspring of mothers with IGI did so. Sex differences in glycemic sensitivity may explain these findings.
Starting Points: Questions of Quality in Environmental Education

What does good education look like? Despite recent attempts to develop standards for educational subjects and cross-curricular areas such as environmental education, there remains the question about whether rhetoric can influence practice. In this paper we suggest that rather than establish normative criteria, it may be more fruitful to find ways to engage teachers in critical reflection about their own practice and thinking. So, we have constructed a series of questions to create conditions for such reflection. The intent is not to close the reflective process with established criteria but to raise questions as a means of opening the dialogue. Thus engaged, we hope practitioners and theorists can take this dialogue in directions which are meaningful to them. We thus encourage praxis which evolves as the critical thinking about environmental education evolves through discussion and debate. Resume Quelles sont les qualites d’une bonne education? En depit de recentes tentatives d’etablir des normes pour les sujets scolaires et les domaines pluridisciplinaires, tels que l’education relative a l’environnement, la question demeure si la rhetorique peut influencer la pratique. Dans cette communication, plutot que d’etablir des criteres normatifs, nous suggerons qu’il serait peutetre plus fructueux de trouver des facons d’engager les enseignants dans une reflexion critique sur leurs propres pratique et pensee. Par consequent, nous avons prepare une serie de questions pour creer les conditions propices a cette reflexion. L’intention n’est pas de freiner le processus de reflexion avec des criteres etablis, mais de soulever des questions pour amorcer le dialogue. Ainsi, nous esperons que les praticiens et les theoriciens orienteront le dialogue sur des
Separating phonology from syntax: a reanalysis of Pashto cliticization

I. A pervasive, though not always explicit assumption of transformational grammar has been that syntactic and phonological rules form separate, discrete units in the organization of grammar; that phonological rules are not ordered among syntactic transformations, but rather apply in a block at the end of the syntactic derivation.1 Chomsky and Halle (1968) go even further in this separation, arguing that the surface structure is not the immediate input to the phonological component, but first undergoes certain ‘readjustment rules’, such as insertion of word boundaries. I have argued elsewhere (Kaisse, 1977) that this added step is unnecessary, and that there are in fact certain inter-word phonological processes that require the full information present in the labeled bracketing of the surface structure. However, my proposal is not a radical departure from the standard theory, in that it remains an INTERFACE model, in line with that proposed in Pullum and Zwicky (to appear). The claim remains that all syntactic rules apply before all phonological rules. In the case of word-internal phonological rules this is perhaps not crucial, but for rules of external sandhi, it is very important, both empirically and theoretically. For if we give up the requirement that no phonological rule apply during a syntactic derivation, we greatly increase the power of our theory of grammar and give up the ability to predict on a universal basis, the order of application of two rules, one phonological and the other syntactic.
Misunderstandings in marital communication: A study of couples' nonverbal communication.

Each member of 48 married couples (Cs) sent a standard set of ambiguous messages to his or her spouse and decoded a similar set received from the spouse. The ambiguous messages were designed so that the verbal content could have a positive, neutral, or negative meaning depending on the nonverbal communication that accompanied it. All messages were rated by groups of judges who categorized each error as related to encoding or decoding. Females were better encoders than males, particularly with regard to positive messages. Cs with high marital adjustment were able to communicate more effectively, especially in the case of the husbands who sent more clear messages and made fewer errors than those in the low marital adjustment group. Females also had a higher percentage of the errors on their messages accounted for by their spouses' decoding than did males. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).