Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A micro-simulation model system of departure time and route choice under travel time uncertainty

Existing microscopic traffic models have often neglected departure time change as a possible response to congestion. In addition, they lack a formal model of how travellers base their daily travel decisions on the accumulated experience gathered from repetitively travelling through the transport network. This paper proposes an approach to account for these shortcomings. A micro-simulation approach is applied, in which individuals base their consecutive departure time decisions on a mental model. The mental model is the outcome of a continuous process of perception updating according to reinforcement learning principles. The individuals are linked to the traffic simulator SIAS-PARAMICS to create a simulation system in which both individual decision-making and system performance (and interactions between these two levels) are adequately represented. The model is applied in a case study that supports the feasibility of this approach.
Origin of the p-Nuclei in Explosive Nucleosynthesis

A number of naturally occurring, proton-rich nuclides (the p-nuclei) cannot be made in the s- and r-process. It has been found that massive stars can produce p-nuclei through photodisintegration of pre-existing intermediate and heavy nuclei. This so-called gamma-process requires sufficiently high temperatures and occurs in pre-explosive or explosive O/Ne burning, depending on the mass of the star. Although the gamma-process has been successful in producing a large range of p-nuclei, two mass regions remain problematic, A<110 and 150<A<165, where a number of p-nuclei are severely underproduced. The origin of the problems is yet to be identified. A large number of unstable nuclei with only theoretically predicted reaction rates are included in the reaction network and thus the nuclear input may involve uncertainties. Deficiencies in charged-particle optical potentials at gamma-process temperatures have been found for nuclei at stability. On the other hand, the gamma-process conditions (temperature profiles, entropy of the O shell, seed composition) also sensitively depend on details of the stellar structure and evolution, as well as on the initial metallicity. Nevertheless, especially the deficient low-mass p-nuclei may call for an additional production process or site, such as production in (subChandrasekhar) type Ia supernovae. Also the (im)possibility of a synthesis in the rp- and nu-p-processes is discussed. Were this the case, the production of p-nuclei would be realized as a superposition of several different processes, not necessarily in the same site.
Parental Coresidence, Young Adult Role, Economic, and Health Changes, and Psychological Well-being

Despite recent concern surrounding increases in parental coresidence during young adulthood, questions about the relationship between this demographic shift and the well-being of young adults have received little scholarly attention. This paper uses survey data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the relationship between parental coresidence transitions and depressive symptoms as well as whether these patterns are contingent on changes in economic resources, self-rated health, and transitions surrounding college graduation, work, marriage, and parenthood. The analyses reveal that those returning to a parental home after experiencing residential independence report an increase in depressive symptoms relative to their stably independent peers, even after accounting for other mental health–linked changes that predict these residential patterns and evaluations of relationships with parents. The findings highlight the implications of the trend toward parental coresidence for current young adults’ mental health.
Utilization of High Calcium Content Fly Ash: Flexural Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Beams in Sea Water Environment

This paper presents a study of the flexural strength of geopolymer concrete beam using high calcium content fly ash (FA) in marine environment, without high heat curing. Two series of beam specimens were loaded to failure to study the effect of chloride environment on the flexural strength of geopolymer concrete beams. Series I specimens were subjected to sea environment, whereas series II were kept at room temperature. Tests performed on concrete cylinders show that the sea water has no effect on compressive and splitting tensile stress of high calcium content FA based geopolymer concrete. However, the ratio of splitting and compressive strength for both series was approximately 44%, almost double than that of normal concrete. In addition, the flexural test of concrete beams shows that the average cracking load for series I specimens was 275% higher than that of series II. However, the ultimate load, crack pattern and deflection characteristic for both series were very similar.
Perceptions of health care quality in Central America.

OBJECTIVES To examine user perceptions of health care delivery in selected rural and urban areas of three Central American countries. DESIGN Three focus group studies were conducted in 1997-98 in Honduras, Costa Rica, and Panama. In each selected region, 10 to 15 groups met to discuss health services available, access to and use of the services, satisfaction with different aspects of care and suggestions for improvement. SETTING Regions chosen represented the poorest areas in each country and the dominant health care systems in Central America: the Ministry of Health system and the Social Security system based on mandatory contributions. PARTICIPANTS 351 residents from rural and urban communities represented different genders, ages, occupations, health, and socio-economic status. RESULTS Participants considered private care to be the best, but too costly. Their main preoccupations focused on prompt access to trusted physicians, effective and inexpensive medication, and quality attention in public hospitals. Hondurans favor the personal care offered in public clinics and rural hospitals, and hope for improved medical services. In Costa Rica and Panama, users prefer Social Security clinics for the medical specialties and perceived sophisticated technology, despite delays and poor attention. The rural poor, especially indigenous people, voice basic needs with little regard for quality. CONCLUSIONS Health care quality is extremely variable in the three regions, requiring increased community participation to improve. Focus groups offered important, confidential and cost-effective information on quality and breadth of health care delivery and should be part of quality monitoring initiatives.
Multilingualism and Executive Function: Evidence from Assessments of Working Memory, Cognitive Flexibility and Selective Attention

Previous research has shown patterns of executive function to vary among individuals contingent on number of languages spoken. The current study aims to expand on research investigating the complex mechanisms of executive function which underlay language acquisition. Performance of monolingual, bilingual and multilingual speakers on a battery of executive function tasks was investigated. The study defined executive function as working memory, selective attention and cognitive flexibility. A quasi-experimental between-groups design was adopted. Participants who were divided into monolingual (n=13), bilingual (n=11) and multilingual speakers (n=10) were assessed individually in groups of two or three in the National College of Ireland over a four week-period. Outcomes of working memory, selective attention and cognitive flexibility were evaluated using pen-to-paper versions of The Rey Osterreith Complex Figure test, The Stroop Task and The Trail Making Test. Response latencies and accuracy levels predicted performance of all groups in all levels of executive function. A one-way between groups analysis of variance was conducted to explore between-groups differences on executive function. Results found a statistical difference in mean scores of selective attention for multilinguals and bilinguals, with multilinguals preforming faster on the Stroop Test [F (2, 31) = 3.74, p < 0.05]. However, after applying Bonferroni Correction, statistical difference was deemed insignificant. No significant statistical differences were found between groups on levels of working memory or cognitive flexibility. Implications are discussed in relation to multilingualism, as a potential contributor to the delay in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
UIC at TREC-2003: Robust Track

In TREC 2003, the Database and Information System Lab (DBIS) at University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) participate in the robust track, which is a traditional ad hoc retrieval task. The emphasis is based on average effectiveness as well as individual topic effectiveness. Noun phrases in the query are identified and classified into 4 types: proper names, dictionary phrases, simple phrases and complex phrases. A document has a phrase if all content words in a phrase are within a window of a certain size. The window sizes for different types of phrases are different. We consider phrases to be more important than individual terms. As a consequence, documents in response to a query are ranked with matching phrases given a higher priority. WordNet is used to disambiguate word senses and bring in useful synonyms and hyponyms once the correct senses of the words in a query have been identified. The usual pseudo-feedback process is modified so that the documents are also ranked according to phrase and word similarities with phrase matching having a higher priority. Five runs which use either title or title and description have been submitted.
Enriched autologous facial fat grafts in aesthetic surgery: 3D volumetric results.

BACKGROUND Improved results with aesthetic fat augmentation of the face have been recently described by the concomitant use of autologous stem cells from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). OBJECTIVE There are no studies in the literature regarding facial fat augmentation results with the use of SVF using 3D computer volumetric analyses. This prospective study was thus undertaken to answer this question. METHODS Fat was harvested by a standard liposuction technique for reinjection. A 50 cc aliquot of fat was also processed to obtain the SVF using a standard collagenase technique. A cell count was done using a cytometer, and the amount of injected fat and cells were recorded. The Vultus 3D photogrammetric scanning system was used to scan the face pre- and posttreatment and long-term, and volume changes were then calculated at the different time intervals. The data was then correlated to the variables. RESULTS Ten subjects were included in the study, with an average follow-up of 12.6 months. The average amount of fat injected was 18.4 cc, of which 68% was retained. The average cell count of the SVF was 4.8 × 105. The amount of retained fat by volume was found to be positively correlated to the number of cells in the SVF. There was no correlation between the age and number of cells in the SVF. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between the number of cells in the SVF and the amount of fat retained. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Therapeutic.
Social familiarity relaxes the constraints of limited attention and enhances reproduction of group-living predatory mites

In many group-living animals, within-group associations are determined by familiarity, i.e. familiar individuals, independent of genetic relatedness, preferentially associate with each other. The ultimate causes of this behaviour are poorly understood and rigorous documentation of its adaptive significance is scarce. Limited attention theory states that focusing on a given task has interrelated cognitive, behavioural and physiological costs with respect to the attention paid to other tasks. In multiple signal environments attention has thus to be shared among signals. Assuming that familiar neighbours require less attention than unfamiliar ones, associating with familiar individuals should increase the efficiency in other tasks and ultimately increase fitness. We tested this prediction in adult females of the group-living, plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We evaluated the influence of social familiarity on within-group association behaviour, activity, predation and reproduction. In mixed groups (familiar and unfamiliar), familiar predator females preferentially associated with each other. In pure groups (either familiar or unfamiliar), familiar predator females produced more eggs than unfamiliar females at similar predation rates. Higher egg production was correlated with lower activity levels, indicating decreased restlessness. In light of limited attention theory, we argue that the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals and preferential association with familiar individuals confers a selective advantage because familiar social environments are cognitively and physiologically less taxing than unfamiliar social environments.
Evidence for frequency‐dependent selection maintaining polymorphism in the Batesian mimic Papilio polytes in multiple islands in the Ryukyus, Japan

Abstract Batesian mimicry is a well‐studied adaptation for predation avoidance, in which a mimetic species resembles an unpalatable model species. Batesian mimicry can be under positive selection because of the protection gained against predators, due to resemblance to unpalatable model species. However, in some mimetic species, nonmimetic individuals are present in populations, despite the benefits of mimicry. The mechanism for evolution of such mimetic polymorphism remains an open question. Here, we address the hypothesis that the abundance of mimics is limited by that of the models, leading to mimetic polymorphism. In addition, other forces such as the effects of common ancestry and/or isolation by distance may explain this phenomenon. To investigate this question, we focused on the butterfly, Papilio polytes, that exhibits mimetic polymorphism on multiple islands of the Ryukyus, Japan, and performed field surveys and genetic analysis. We found that the mimic ratio of P. polytes was strongly correlated with the model abundance observed on each of the five islands, suggesting negative frequency‐dependent selection is driving the evolution of polymorphism in P. polytes populations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that the southern island populations are the major source of genetic diversity, and the middle and northern island populations arose by relatively recent migration. This view was also supported by mismatch distribution and Tajima's D analyses, suggesting a recent population expansion on the middle and northern islands, and stable population persistence on the southern islands. The frequency of the mimetic forms within P. polytes populations is thus explained by variations in the model abundance rather than by population structure. Thus, we propose that predation pressure, rather than neutral forces, have shaped the Batesian mimicry polymorphism in P. polytes observed in the Ryukyus.
INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP ON PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION IN KENYA: A CASE OF CARE FOR HIV/AIDS ORGANIZATION

The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of leadership on performance of non-governmental organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of CARE FOR HIV/AIDS ORGANIZATION. To achieve this, the study was guided by two specific objectives: to establish the influence of leadership styles on performance and to determine the influence of leadership competency on performance. The study adopted a descriptive research design using primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. The population for this study was all the 108 employees at Care for HIV/AIDS Organization. The study concluded that CFA leaders take charge of situations in the organization as they arise to avoid procrastination and delay of events. Managers had the final say on decision implementation in the organization. Managers possessed the right academic qualifications to deliver on the mission of CFA organization. Managers had adequate management experience on issues concerning CFA operations. The study recommended that CFA leaders should take charge on situations in the organization as they arise. The leader’s beliefs should be in line with the vision of CFA organization. Managers should possess the right academic qualifications to deliver on the mission of CFA organization. Keywords: Leadership Styles, Competency, HIV/AIDS Organizations
Personality, motivation and job satisfaction: Hertzberg meets the Big Five

Purpose – The current study aims to investigate the extent to which personality and demographic variables contribute to motivation and job satisfaction as defined by the two‐factor theory.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 202 fulltime workers completed three questionnaires measuring their personality, work motivation and satisfaction.Findings – Results demonstrate that between 9 and 15 per cent of the variance in motivation is accounted for by demographic variables and the Big Five personality traits. In line with previous findings (Judge et al.), conscientiousness and job status were both significant predictors of job satisfaction, and between 11 and 13 per cent of the variance was accounted for by personality and other demographic variables.Research limitations/implications – This study was restricted to self‐report measure. It never took into consideration other potential confounds like a person's job history, level and responsibilities. It also showed personality factors accounted for very litt.
The Radial Extent and Warp of the Ionized Galactic Disk. II. A Likelihood Analysis of Radio-Wave Scattering toward the Anticenter

We use radio-wave scattering data for extragalactic sources and pulsars to constrain the distribution of ionized gas in the outer Galaxy. Like previous models, our model for the H II disk includes parameters for the radial scale length and scale height of the ionized gas. In addition, we have used the known H I distribution in the outer Galaxy in constructing our model, and we allow the H II disk to warp and flare. We also include the Perseus arm in our model. We use a likelihood analysis of 18 anticenter sources with measured scattering observables: 11 extragalactic sources and 7 pulsars. We find that the strength of scattering in the Perseus arm is no more than 60% of the level contributed by spiral arms in the inner Galaxy and is equivalent to a scattering diameter of 1.5 mas at 1 GHz. Our analysis favors an unwarped, nonflaring disk with a scale height of 1 kpc, though this may reflect the nonuniform and coarse coverage of the anticenter provided by the available data. One extragalactic source has a size a factor of 2 smaller than predicted by our model, possibly indicating the existence of holes in the scattering material. The lack of a warp in the scattering material indicates that VLBI observations near 1 GHz with an orbiting station having baseline lengths of a few Earth diameters will not be affected by interstellar scattering at moderate Galactic latitudes, | b | ≈ 15°. The radial scale length is 15-20 kpc, but the data cannot distinguish between a gradual decrease in the electron density and a truncated distribution. We favor a truncated one because we associate the scattering with massive star formation, which is also truncated near 20 kpc. A radial extent of 20 kpc is also comparable to the radial extent of Hα emission observed for nearby spiral galaxies. We find that the distribution of electron density turbulence must decrease more rapidly with Galactocentric distance than does the distribution of hydrogen. Alternate ionizing and turbulent agents—the intergalactic ionizing flux and the passage of satellite galaxies through the disk—are unlikely to contribute significant amounts to scattering in the anticenter. We cannot exclude the possibility that a largely ionized but quiescent disk, similar to that inferred for some Lyα absorbers, extends to ≳100 kpc.
Corporeal Posttraumatic Growth As a Result of Breast Cancer: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Women’s traumatic experience of breast cancer (BC) can result in posttraumatic growth (PTG). Women’s embodied experiences of BC seem particularly pertinent to their experiences of both difficulty and growth. While PTG is usually conceptualized as having five domains, it seems that BC survivors experience a sixth domain—corporeal PTG (CPTG). CPTG was recently defined as a “reclaiming” and renewed connection to the body through increased appreciation of the physical self, a new sense of bodily responsibility, positive health changes, and a new sense of positive identification with the body. This study’s aim was to explore how women experience CPTG due to BC. In-depth interviews were conducted with female BC survivors. Interpretative phenomenological analysis extracted three themes: losing, regaining, and relinquishing ultimate control over the body, reconstructing embodied identity, and a newfound appreciation for the body. Participants spoke of a complicated journey from distress, loss, and fragmentation to a reshaping of their assumptions about their bodies. The findings suggest that the body plays a vital role in women’s traumatic and growth-related experiences of BC. Future research on the embodied experience of BC is recommended as it forms a crucial part of BC recovery.
Influence of temporal discretization schemes on formant frequencies and bandwidths in time domain simulations of the vocal tract system

A time domain simulation of acoustic propagation in the vocal tract requires the spatial and temporal discretization of the equations of motion and continuity. In the classic transmission line model of the vocal tract with lumped elements, the spatial discretization is provided by the piece-wise constant area function. The temporal finitedifference approximation of the differential equations can, however, vary from one implementation to the other (e.g., [4] vs. [5]). In this study, we have adopted a general finite-difference scheme that depends on a parameter θ where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1. As special cases, this general method includes the trapezoid rule (θ = 0.5) as well as the implicit (θ = 1) and explicit (θ = 0) finite-difference schemes. We have examined how formant frequencies and bandwidths of simulated vowels are effected by the choice of θ. The experiments were conducted for the sampling rates of 44.1 kHz and 88.2 kHz and compared with the accurate and thus desirable frequencies and bandwidths measured in frequency domain simulations of the vocal tract. It can be shown that optimal values for θ are slightly above 0.5 depending on the sampling rate.
Analysis of Trust through Academic Information System and Image of Private University

Private universities must have a uniqueness that distinguishes them from others and it becomes a distinctive feature that gives its own appraisal in the hearts of people. This uniqueness can grow a good image and can bring public confidence. Efforts to build trust for a university absolutely must be done in order to maintain existence. This study aims to analyze trust through the use of academic information systems and private university image. Result of the research based on hypothesis analysis and test show that academic information system has significant influence on direct image and trust of private universities in province of Kepulauan Riau.
Development and validation of a sharp interface cavitation model

Approved: ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date ____________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________ Title and Department ____________________________________ Date 2 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SHARP INTERFACE CAVITATION MODEL by Thad Jefferson Michael A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mechanical Engineering in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa