Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robustness of sunspot equilibria w

A sunspot equilibrium (SSE) is based on some extrinsic randomizing device (RD). We analyze the robustness of SSE. (1) We say that an SSE allocation is robust to refinements if it is also an SSE allocation based on any refinement of its RD. (2) We introduce two core concepts for analyzing the robustness of SSE in the face of cooperative-coalition formation. In the first, the blocking allocations are based on the RD that defines the SSE. In the second (stronger) core concept, coalitions select their own RDs. For the convex economy with restricted market participation, SSE allocations are robust under each of the definitions and the cores converge on replication of the economy to the set of SSE allocations. For the economy with an indivisible good, SSE allocations are not always robust. We provide examples of each of the following: (i) an SSE allocation that is not robust to refinement, (ii) an SSE allocation that is in neither core, (iii) an SSE allocation that is in the first core, but not in the second, and (iv) a core that does not converge upon replication to the set of SSE allocations.
Lithium Isotopic Composition of Chondritic Meteorites

Introduction: Li isotope studies can provide insights into low temperature alteration processes involving aqueous fluids, given the potential solubility of lithium [1]. In this respect, Li isotope studies of meteorites may help to elucidate fluid processes on meteorite parent bodies. The Li isotopic composition of solar system materials, however, remains poorly understood, with data available for only a few chondrules and CAI, selected phases from SNC meteorites, and one bulk chondrite (Orgueil) [2-4]. These data show a wide range in δLi values with no obvious systematic variation. Chondrules possess up to 100‰ (expressed at the 2 sigma level) variation in δLi values, whereas CAI have up to 200‰ variation. In addition, CAI are lighter, on average, than chondrules (–20‰ and +10‰, respectively [2]). Chaussidon et al. [2] suggested that the lower δLi values of CAI materials may reflect the addition of spallogenic Li. Earth materials show ~60‰ total variation in δLi, with much of this variation attributed to water-rock reactions at low temperatures. Based on studies of rocks and fluids from the Earth only low temperature (<700 K) processes are recognized as having any significant effect in fractionating the Li isotopic compositions [1,5]. Chan et al. [1] established that the δLi of fresh, mantle-derived basalts increases from values of about +4 to values as high as +14 ‰, as the amount of low temperature alteration and clay formation increases. Recently, Zack et al. [6] demonstrated that metamorphic dehydration at slightly higher temperatures will shift the Li isotopic compositions of rocks to light values, as low as –12‰. Given these observations, we have carefully selected a suite of chondritic meteorites that reflect a broad range of petrological types and degrees of aqueous alteration in order to characterize their Li isotopic variation and to understand this variation in a petrological context. We selected only samples that are falls, not finds, to avoid any uncertainties that might accompany Earth-based aqueous processing. By characterizing the Li isotopic composition of chondritic meteorites we place into context the wide variation of Li/Li values observed in chondrules and CAI. In addition, these data will provide insights into (1) fluid-rock interactions on meteorite parent bodies, and (2) the relative effects of dehydration versus thermal metamorphism on chondritic parent bodies.
Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Malay Elderly Residing in a Rural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Purpose Mental health problems are common in old age, but frequently remain undetected and untreated. Mental health problems in the elderly are the result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and emotional stress) and their associated factors among the Malay elderly in a rural community of Perak, Malaysia. Methods It was a cross-sectional study. The Malay elderly aged 60 years and above were selected through convenient sampling to give a total of 230 respondents. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the factors and each of the mental health statuses assessed. Results The results showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the elderly respondents was 27.8%, 22.6%, and 8.7%, respectively. The significant factors for depression were single elderly (Adjusted OR = 3.27, 95%CI 1.66, 6.44), living with family (Adjusted OR = 4.98, 95%CI 2.05, 12.10), and poor general health status (Adjusted OR = 2.28, 95%CI 1.20, 4.36). Living with family was the only significant factor for anxiety (Adjusted OR = 2.68, 95%CI 1.09, 6.57). There was no significant factor for stress. Conclusions Depression and anxiety among the Malay elderly in the rural community were very worrying. More equity in health should be created or strengthened in order to intensify the opportunity to identify, diagnose, and treat those with mental health problems. Living arrangement in the rural community was an important factor that had influenced depression and anxiety. Therefore, further research is recommended for more comprehensive information, as a result of which appropriate intervention can be made.
Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning.

A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a toothache and is found to have been ingesting large quantities of acetaminophen. Although no acetaminophen is detectable in his blood, his serum alanine aminotransferase concentration is 750 IU per liter, and treatment with acetylcysteine is recommended. Acetylcysteine repletes glutathione stores in the liver. It helps to prevent hepatotoxicity in cases of acetaminophen overdose and also improves survival in patients with acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure.
Finding components in a hierarchy of modules: a step towards architectural understanding

This paper presents a method to view a system as a hierarchy of modules according to information hiding concepts and to identify architectural component candidates in this hierarchy. The result of the method eases the understanding of a system's underlying software architecture. A prototype tool implementing this method was applied to three systems written in C (each over 30 Kloc). For one of these systems, an author of the system created an architectural description. The components generated by our method correspond to those of this architectural description in almost all cases. For the other two systems, most of the components resulting from the method correspond to meaningful system abstractions
Spectral evolution of star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. I. Blue concentrated clusters in

Aims. Integrated spectroscopy of a sample of 17 blue concentrated Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) clusters is presented and its spectral evolution studied. The spectra span the range ≈ (3600-6800) A with a resolution of ≈ 14 A FWHM, being used to determine cluster ages and, in connection with their spatial distribution, to explore the LMC structure and cluster formation history. Methods. Cluster reddening values were estimated by interpolation, using the available extinction maps. We used two methods to derive cluster ages: (i) template matching , in which line strengths and continuum distribution of the cluster spectra were compared and matched to those of template clusters with known astrophysical properties, and (ii) equivalent width (EW) method, in which new age/metallicity calibrations were used together with diagnostic diagrams involving the sum of EWs of selected spectral lines (K Ca II, G band (CH), Mg I, H δ , H γ and H β ). Results. The derived cluster ages range from 40 Myr (NGC 2130 and SL 237) to 300 Myr (NGC 1932 and SL 709), a good agreement between the results of the two methods being obtained. Combining the present sample with additional ones indicates that cluster deprojected distances from the LMC center are related to age in the sense that inner clusters tend to be younger. Conclusions. Spectral libraries of star clusters are useful datasets for spectral classifications and extraction of parameter information for target star clusters and galaxies. The present cluster sample complements previous ones, in an effort to gather a spectral library with several clusters per age bin.
Evidence of Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Co(AcO)2(py)2(H2O)2

The monometallic pseudo-octahedral complex, [Co(H2O)2(CH3COO)2(C5H5N)2], is shown to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under an applied field of 1500 Oe. The compound is examined by a combination of experimental and computational techniques in order to elucidate the nature of its electronic structure and slow magnetic relaxation. We demonstrate that any sensible model of the electronic structure must include a proper treatment of the first-order orbital angular momentum, and we find that the slow magnetic relaxation can be well described by a two-phonon Raman process dominating at high temperature, with a temperature independent quantum tunnelling pathway being most efficient at low temperature.
Star formation density and Hα luminosity function of an emission-line-selected galaxy sample at z∼ 0.24*

We use narrow-band imaging (full width at half-maximum = 70 A) to select a sample of emission-line galaxies between 0.20 ≤ z ≤ 1.22 in two fields covering 0.5 deg 2 . We use spectroscopic follow-up to select a subsample of Ha-emitting galaxies at z ∼ 0.24 and determine the Ha luminosity function and star formation density at z ∼ 0.24 for both of our fields. Corrections are made for imaging and spectroscopic incompleteness, extinction and interloper contamination on the basis of the spectroscopic data. When compared to each other, we find the field samples differ by Δα = 0.2 in faint-end slope and Alog [L* (erg s -1 )] = 0.2 in luminosity. In the context of other recent surveys, our sample has comparable faint-end slope, but a fainter L* turnover. We conclude that systematic uncertainties and differences in selection criteria remain the dominant sources of uncertainty between Ha luminosity functions at this redshift. We also investigate average star formation rates as a function of local environment and find typical values consistent with the field densities that we probe, in agreement with previous results. However, we find tentative evidence for an increase in star formation rate with respect to the local density of star-forming galaxies, consistent with the scenario that galaxy-galaxy interactions are triggers for bursts of star formation.
Performance Enhancements for Asynchronous Random Access Protocols over Satellite

In this paper, a novel enhancement of the well known ALOHA random access mechanism is presented which largely extends the achievable throughput compared to traditional ALOHA and provides significantly lower packet loss rates. The novel mechanism, called Constant Rate Assignment (CRA), is based on transmitting multiple replicas of a packet in an unslotted ALOHA system and applying interference cancellation techniques. In this paper the methodology for this new random access technique is presented, also w.r. t. existing Interference Cancellation (IC) techniques. Moreover numerical results for performance comparison with state of the art random access mechanisms, such as Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) are provided. Finally the benefit of taking strong forward error correcting codes for the performance of CRA is shown.
Cerebral Sparganosis

A 22 years male patient presented with recurrent seizures, CT and MRI diagnosis of tuberculoma was made and the patient was treated. When seizures persisted, a craniotomy was done and the excised mass revealed an abscess with a segment of broad solid non-cavitory body, wall with no scolex and loose stroma and smooth muscle fibers. A diagnosis of sparganosis cerebral abscess was made. The case is reported in view of the rarity of cerebral sparganosis in India and the need for awareness of the entity in India. lobe. Contrast MRI showed confluent ring enhancement (Fig. 2). With a possible diagnosis of tuberculoma, patient was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide for one year. There was no improvement and seizures persisted. A left frontal craniotomy was done and the mass was excised. The mass measured 4 x 3 x 2 cm with central necrotic areas. Multiple sections studied showed an abscess with central nectoric material surrounded by neutrophils, few eosinophils, foamy histiocytes and lymphomononuclear cells. There were no granulomas. Amidst the necrotic material, a broad, solid, non-cavitory irregularly ridged segment of parasite measuring 2 to 3 mm was seen (Fig. 3). The tegument was thick and homogeneously eosinophilic. At the anterior end the worm is flattened and grooved vertically. Scolex was absent. The parenchyma was composed of loose stroma, fluid-filled spaces and a few smooth muscle fibers. There were no calcareous corpuscles or calcification. Serial sections failed to bring out the entire length of the worm. The wall of the abscess showed fibrosis and hyalinization. The adjacent brain parenchyma *Professor of Pathology; **Addl. Professor of Neurosurgery; ***Additional Professor of Imageology; Departments of Pathology, Neurosurgery and Imageology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad 500 082. Received : 21.7. 2003; Accepted : 18.9. 2003 INTRODUCTION Human sparganosis is caused by infestation of tape worm Sparganum, the migrating plerocercoid (second stage) larva of pseudophyllidean cestodes especially of the genera Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra. The majority of infections in man are probably caused by larvae of Spirometra mansonoides. Infections caused by both the larvae and adult worms have a worldwide distribution but most common in China, Japan and Southeast Asia. Sparganum usually involves subcutaneous tissues and/or muscles of various parts of the body, but involvement of other sites such as orbit, pleural cavity, brain, urinary tract, scrotum, and abdominal viscera has been documented. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is distinctly rare. Cerebral and spinal cord involvement is reported. Reports of CNS sparganosis from India are very few. We report a case of sparganosis brain abscess.
The Activity of Becoming a Second-Career Teacher.

This is a study of three second-career teachers’ experiences of self transformation and the processes of socialization and identity formation each undergoes during his or her first three to five years as a full-time teacher. Each narrative offers a means through which to explore how liminal identity is at play during the transition to a new career—an experience that reshapes the experiences and self-understandings of individuals in the process of becoming teachers. The narratives that emerge from in-depth interviews showcase individuals with multi-faceted lives who have engaged in a multitude of personal and professional activities throughout their life course and find themselves between worlds occupying a liminal identity during the transition to a new culture. Exploring personal and professional histories provides an appreciation of the motivations, the transitional experiences, and the transformations of self that individuals experience as they seek to situate themselves within the new culture in and out of the classroom and formulate a life that includes teaching. The multiple cultural activities, and the selves constituted therein, allow second-career teachers to bring rich learning experiences to students not merely as experts in their professional field but as experienced and caring adults with complex lives to share. The presentation of co-constructed case histories and analysis of the narratives seeks to add to the literature stories that engender an appreciation of the complex transformations involved in becoming a second-career teacher. Implications for teacher education programs serving and retention of second-career teachers are discussed.
A Study Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin Cured at Constant Curing Time and Temperature with Different Hardeners

In this study, a low molecular weight epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is cured isothermally with an aliphatic and aromatic amine hardeners separately. (1) Triethylenetetramine (TETA), (2) diamino diphenylmethane (DDM). The samples were prepared for different hardener/resin ratios, (under stoichiometry, stoichiometry and above stoichimetry). The mechanical Properties impact strength, tensile strength, hardness, flexural strength, compression strength and bending strength of an epoxy system has been investigated in this work. For DGEBA/TETA system the tests were done on four hardener/resin ratios (10, 13, 15 and 20) phr and for DGEBA/DDM system the hardener/resin ratios were four also; (24, 27, 30 and 34) phr. The results showed that the above stoichiometry ratio formulation (15 phr for DGEBA/TETA system and 30 phr for DGEBA/DDM system) gave the best mechanical properties, while the DGEBA/DDM system showed better mechanical properties than the DGEBA/TETA system.
Major Contribution of Flowering Time and Vegetative Growth to Plant Production in Common Bean As Deduced from a Comparative Genetic Mapping

Determinacy growth habit and accelerated flowering traits were selected during or after domestication in common bean. Both processes affect several presumed adaptive traits such as the rate of plant production. There is a close association between flowering initiation and vegetative growth; however, interactions among these two crucial developmental processes and their genetic bases remain unexplored. In this study, with the aim to establish the genetic relationships between these complex processes, a multi-environment quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach was performed in two recombinant inbred line populations derived from inter-gene pool crosses between determinate and indeterminate genotypes. Additive and epistatic QTLs were found to regulate flowering time, vegetative growth, and rate of plant production. Moreover, the pleiotropic patterns of the identified QTLs evidenced that regions controlling time to flowering traits, directly or indirectly, are also involved in the regulation of plant production traits. Further QTL analysis highlighted one QTL, on the lower arm of the linkage group Pv01, harboring the Phvul.001G189200 gene, homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) gene, which explained up to 32% of phenotypic variation for time to flowering, 66% for vegetative growth, and 19% for rate of plant production. This finding was consistent with previous results, which have also suggested Phvul.001G189200 (PvTFL1y) as a candidate gene for determinacy locus. The information here reported can also be applied in breeding programs seeking to optimize key agronomic traits, such as time to flowering, plant height and an improved reproductive biomass, pods, and seed size, as well as yield.
Molecular Sites for the Positive Allosteric Modulation of Glycine Receptors by Endocannabinoids

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are transmitter-gated anion channels of the Cys-loop superfamily which mediate synaptic inhibition at spinal and selected supraspinal sites. Although they serve pivotal functions in motor control and sensory processing, they have yet to be exploited as drug targets partly because of hitherto limited possibilities for allosteric control. Endocannabinoids (ECs) have recently been characterized as direct allosteric GlyR modulators, but the underlying molecular sites have remained unknown. Here, we show that chemically neutral ECs (e.g. anandamide, AEA) are positive modulators of α(1), α(2) and α(3) GlyRs, whereas acidic ECs (e.g. N-arachidonoyl-glycine; NA-Gly) potentiate α(1) GlyRs but inhibit α(2) and α(3). This subunit-specificity allowed us to identify the underlying molecular sites through analysis of chimeric and mutant receptors. We found that alanine 52 in extracellular loop 2, glycine 254 in transmembrane (TM) region 2 and intracellular lysine 385 determine the positive modulation of α(1) GlyRs by NA-Gly. Successive substitution of non-conserved extracellular and TM residues in α(2) converted NA-Gly-mediated inhibition into potentiation. Conversely, mutation of the conserved lysine within the intracellular loop between TM3 and TM4 attenuated NA-Gly-mediated potentiation of α(1) GlyRs, without affecting inhibition of α(2) and α(3). Notably, this mutation reduced modulation by AEA of all three GlyRs. These results define molecular sites for allosteric control of GlyRs by ECs and reveal an unrecognized function for the TM3-4 intracellular loop in the allosteric modulation of Cys-loop ion channels. The identification of these sites may help to understand the physiological role of this modulation and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches to diseases such as spasticity, startle disease and possibly chronic pain.
Multivariate Generalizations of the q--Central Limit Theorem

We study multivariate generalizations of the $q$-central limit theorem, a generalization of the classical central limit theorem consistent with nonextensive statistical mechanics. Two types of generalizations are addressed, more precisely the {\it direct} and {\it sequential} $q$-central limit theorems are proved. Their relevance to the asymptotic scale invariance of some specially correlated systems is studied. A $q$-analog of the classic weak convergence is introduced and its equivalence to the $q$-convergence is proved for $q>1$.
Differences in LTM-forming capability between geographically different strains of Alberta Lymnaea stagnalis are maintained whether they are trained in the lab or in the wild

SUMMARY We found strain differences in the ability of wild Alberta Lymnaea stagnalis to form long-term memory (LTM) following operant conditioning when L. stagnalis were collected from the wild and trained in the laboratory. Lymnaea stagnalis obtained from the Belly River watershed had an enhanced ability to form LTM compared with those from an isolated pond (referred to as Jackson snails). We therefore asked whether the differences in cognitive ability were an epiphenomenon as a result of training in the laboratory. To answer this question we trained each specific strain (Belly and Jackson) in both the laboratory and the field (i.e. in their home pond and in the pond where the other strain resided - referred to as the visitor pond). We found that within each strain there was no difference in the LTM phenotype whether they were trained in the lab or in either their home or visitor pond. That is, the strain differences in the ability to form LTM were still present. Interestingly, we found no strain differences in the ability to learn or the ability to form intermediate-term memory (ITM).