Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coding for High-Density Recording on a 1-D Granular Magnetic Medium

In terabit-density magnetic recording, several bits of data can be replaced by the values of their neighbors in the storage medium. As a result, errors in the medium are dependent on each other and also on the data written. We consider a simple 1-D combinatorial model of this medium. In our model, we assume a setting where binary data is sequentially written on the medium and a bit can erroneously change to the immediately preceding value. We derive several properties of codes that correct this type of errors, focusing on bounds on their cardinality. We also define a probabilistic finite-state channel model of the storage medium, and derive lower and upper estimates of its capacity. A lower bound is derived by evaluating the symmetric capacity of the channel, i.e., the maximum transmission rate under the assumption of the uniform input distribution of the channel. An upper bound is found by showing that the original channel is a stochastic degradation of another, related channel model whose capacity we can compute explicitly.
The Generic Superintegrable System on the 3-Sphere and the 9j Symbols of su(1,1)

The 9j symbols of su(1; 1) are studied within the framework of the generic superintegrable system on the 3-sphere. The canonical bases corresponding to the binary coupling schemes of four su(1; 1) representations are constructed explicitly in terms of Jacobi polynomials and are seen to correspond to the separation of variables in different cylindrical coordinate systems. A triple integral expression for the 9j coefficients exhibiting their symmetries is derived. A double integral formula is obtained by extending the model to the complex three-sphere and taking the complex radius to zero. The explicit expression for the vacuum coefficients is given. Raising and lowering operators are constructed and are used to recover the relations between contiguous coefficients. It is seen that the 9j symbols can be expressed as the product of the vacuum coefficients and a rational function. The recurrence relations and the difference equations satisfied by the 9j coefficients are derived.
Coexistence of Malaria and Thalassemia in Malaria Endemic Areas of Thailand

Hemoglobinopathy and malaria are commonly found worldwide particularly in malaria endemic areas. Thalassemia, the alteration of globin chain synthesis, has been reported to confer resistance against malaria. The prevalence of thalassemia was investigated in 101 malaria patients with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax along the Thai-Myanmar border to examine protective effect of thalassemia against severe malaria. Hemoglobin typing was performed using low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) and α-thalassemia was confirmed by multiplex PCR. Five types of thalassemia were observed in malaria patients. The 2 major types of thalassemia were Hb E (18.8%) and α-thalassemia-2 (11.9%). There was no association between thalassemia hemoglobinopathy and malaria parasitemia, an indicator of malaria disease severity. Thalassemia had no significant association with P. vivax infection, but the parasitemia in patients with coexistence of P. vivax and thalassemia was about 2-3 times lower than those with coexistence of P. falciparum and thalassemia and malaria without thalassemia. Furthermore, the parasitemia of P. vivax in patients with coexistence of Hb E showed lower value than coexistence with other types of thalassemia and malaria without coexistence. Parasitemia, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values in patients with coexistence of thalassemia other than Hb E were significantly lower than those without coexistence of thalassemia. Furthermore, parasitemia with coexistence of Hb E were 2 times lower than those with coexistence of thalassemia other than Hb E. In conclusion, the results may, at least in part, support the protective effect of thalassemia on the development of hyperparasitemia and severe anemia in malaria patients.
Geometric morphometric analysis of craniofacial variation, ontogeny and modularity in a cross‐sectional sample of modern humans

This investigation aimed to quantify craniofacial variation in a sample of modern humans. In all, 187 consecutive orthodontic patients were collected, of which 79 were male (mean age 13.3, SD 3.7, range 7.5–40.8) and 99 were female (mean age 12.3, SD 1.9, range 8.7–19.1). The male and female subgroups were tested for differences in mean shapes and ontogenetic trajectories, and shape variability was characterized using principal component analysis. The hypothesis of modularity was tested for six different modularity scenarios. The results showed that there were subtle but significant differences in the male and female Procrustes mean shapes. Males were significantly larger. Mild sexual ontogenetic allometric divergence was noted. Principal component analysis indicated that, of the four retained biologically interpretable components, the two most important sources of variability were (i) vertical shape variation (i.e. dolichofacial vs. brachyfacial growth patterns) and (ii) sagittal relationships (maxillary prognatism vs. mandibular retrognathism, and vice versa). The mandible and maxilla were found to constitute one module, independent of the skull base. Additionally, we were able to confirm the presence of an anterior and posterior craniofacial columnar module, separated by the pterygomaxillary plane, as proposed by Enlow. These modules can be further subdivided into four sub‐modules, involving the posterior skull base, the ethmomaxillary complex, a pharyngeal module, and the anterior part of the jaws.
The quality of care in acute coronary syndromes.

2002 The European Society both studies indicated that revascularization was carried out frequently because it was ‘routine practice’: or because facilities were available. Practice guidelines recommend systematic risk stratification and revascularization in patients with high risk characteristics, such as recurrent ischaemia or elevated troponin levels, but it is not clear whether these guidelines are followed in clinical practice. In any case, availability is a major factor in the decision to perform or not offer revascularization. Medical therapy in hospital includes aspirin in over 90% of patients, appropriate use of unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, but low use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers when compared to guideline recommendations. Therapy at discharge includes aspirin and/or ticlopidine/clopidogrel in over 90% of patients, ACE-inhibitors (EHS–ACS 56%, GRACE 55%), -blockers (EHS–ACS 73%, GRACE 71%) and statins (EHS–ACS 53%, GRACE 47%). These figures are appropriately higher than in the recent Euro Heart Survey secondary prevention (Euro Aspire II), indicating an increasing awareness of the need for preventive medication in most patients with coronary artery disease. However, yet again, further improvement is required, since the proportion of patients discharged on statin therapy, in particular, remains too low. The data summarized above show important similarities between the two studies. This supports the validity of the findings, and strengthens the need for further improvement of medical care. However, there are some important differences, which make it difficult to compare outcome in specific patient groups. In particular, the terminology applied for the initial, or admission diagnoses, and final diagnoses differ. The EHS–ACS uses the term ACS with or without ST elevation as initial diagnoses, and Q wave MI, nonQ MI and unstable angina as discharge diagnoses. In contrast, GRACE initially describes patients as having unstable angina or myocardial infarction, and uses ST elevation MI and non-ST elevation MI as discharge diagnoses. This is confusing and calls for standardization! In fact, such standardization is provided by the joint ESC–ACC task force report on the definition of myocardial infarction. The terminology of EHS–ACS is in agreement with these recommendations and it is regrettable that GRACE did not follow the same. The Euro Heart Survey–ACS and the GRACE registry provide important and reliable information on the quality of care in acute coronary syndromes, and identify areas for further improvement of such See doi:10.1053/euhj.2001. 3081 and doi:10.1053/ euhj.2002. 3193 for the articles to which this Editorial refers
Proliferation is not increased in airway myofibroblasts isolated from asthmatics

Airway mesenchymal cells, such as myofibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells, contribute to inflammation, airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma by excessive proliferation and inflammatory mediator production. Using endobronchial biopsies obtained from both nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects, in situ proliferation was assessed by immunostaining for cyclin D1. The number of immunoreactive cells increased with asthma severity and was restricted to the epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue. Despite increases in smooth muscle area, cyclin D1 was not detected in cells in intact muscle bundles. Biopsy-derived cell cultures were characterised as predominantly myofibroblasts, and were assessed to determine whether proliferation and cytokine production varied with asthma status. Cell enumeration showed that basal proliferation was similar in cells from nonasthmatics and asthmatics, and mitogenic responses to fibroblast growth factor-2, thrombin or serum were either reduced or unchanged in cells from asthmatics. Interleukin (IL)-1-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-8 release was increased in cell supernatants from asthmatics. Thus, increased rates of cellular proliferation identified in situ in the asthmatic airway occurred outside the expanded smooth muscle compartment. Although reduced proliferative responses were observed in cultured myofibroblasts from asthmatics, the increased cytokine production by these cells suggests that this contributes to and may perpetuate ongoing inflammation in asthma.
Hα kinematics of the SINGS nearby galaxies survey — I★

This is the first part of an Halpha kinematics follow-up survey of the SINGS sample. The data for 28 galaxies are presented. The observations were done on three different telescopes with FaNTOmM, an integral field photon counting spectrometer, installed in the respective focal reducer of each telescope. The data reduction was done through a newly built pipeline with the aim of producing the most homogenous data set possible. Adaptive spatial binning was applied to the data cubes in order to get a constant signal-to-noise ratio across the field of view. Radial velocity and monochromatic maps were generated using a new algorithm and the kinematical parameters were derived using tilted-ring models.
The effect of a small dose of ketamine on postoperative analgesia and cytokine changes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this study we assesed the effect of a small dose of ketamine on the production of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 and the postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized in two equal groups. Patients in the ketamine group after induction in anesthesia received ketamine--025 mg/kg(-1). At the same time patients from the control group received sodium chloride. Postoperatively, the pain was assessed with VAS at periods of 30 min at 1, 2, 4, 8, 18, 24 and 48 hours. TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated before surgery at 4, 18 and 24h after the operation. RESULTS Differences of mean values of TNFα and IL-1β between the two groups in the postoperative period were not significant. Mean values of IL-6 in the investigated group A were significantly lower than the mean values of IL-6 in the investigated group B after the 4th hour (p=0.00990), after the 18th hour (p=0.00133) and as after the 24th hour following surgery (p=000860). the difference in pain intensity according to the VAS scale was also statistically significantly smaller in group A after 30 min, 1,2,8 and 12 hours after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a small-dose of ketamine in patiens undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in attenuation of secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and reduction of postoperative pain.
The Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: A Construct Validity Study

N. B. Schmidt, T. E. Joiner, J. E. Young, and M. J. Telch (1995) provided preliminary construct validity for scores from J. E. Young's (1990) 205-item Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire. The present study extends this work by examining the construct validity of scores from the shorter 75-item version of this instrument—the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (J. E. Young, 1994).
Angiotensin receptor blockade attenuates glomerulosclerosis progression by promoting VEGF expression and bone marrow-derived cells recruitment.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that angiotensin Type I receptor blockade (ARB) reduces proteinuria, reverses glomerular injury and glomerulosclerosis in rat models of diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. To investigate the role of cells of the bone marrow (BM) in glomerular repair seen during ARB administration, we induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in enhanced green fluorescent protein BM chimeric rats by a single injection of anti-Thy 1.1 monoclonal antibody, followed by unilateral nephrectomy. METHODS Cohorts of rats received valsartan or no treatment from Week 2 to Week 8 after induction of disease. Renal function, urinary protein excretion and histological changes were examined 8 weeks after anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody injection. RESULTS Valsartan administration improved renal function, reduced severity of glomerulosclrosis and markedly reduced mortality. Valsartan administration promoted regeneration of the glomerular tuft, lowered proteinuria and resulted in enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the cortex and glomerular tuft. In addition, valsartan promoted increased recruitment of BM-derived cells (BMDCs) many of which expressed VEGF and likely contributed directly to glomerular repair. Nearly all BMDCs recruited to the glomerulus expressed the monocyte/macrophage marker CD68. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the data shows that ARB by valsartan prevents glomerulosclerosis progression by enhancing glomerular capillary repair which is associated with the recruitment of VEGF producing 'reparative' monocytes and macrophages from the BM.
Volumetric Color Image Compression Using SET Partitioning Methods

In this work, we present the applications of three-dimensional set partitioning methods to the sequence of still color images. The set partitioning methods we use in this paper are SPIHT, a state-of-the-art encoder and SPECK, a more recently developed, low complexity encoder. The three-dimensional versions of these methods are based on the observation that the sequences of images are contiguous in the temporal axis and there is no motion between slices. Therefore, the 3D discrete wavelet transform can fully exploit the inter-slices correlations. The set partitioning techniques involve a progressive ”bitplane” coding of the wavelet coefficients, where the SPECK uses a cube-splitting quantization structure and the SPIHT uses a zerotree-like quantization structure. We extend the 3D-SPECK and 3D-SPIHT to code the color image sequences and call these schemes 3D-CSPECK and 3D-CSPIHT. Rate-distortion (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) vs. bit rate) performances were presented by comparing 3D-CSPECK and 3D-CSPIHT on one sequence of Visible Human datasets. Results show that 3D-CSPECK is comparable to 3D-CSPIHT, which matches the published results of gray scale image sequence compression. Keyword: image compression volumetric data color image wavelet
Understanding Young People's Relationship Breakups Using the Dual Processing Model of Coping and Bereavement

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study was to explore young people’s experiences of and adjustment to romantic relationship breakup by reference to the Dual Processing Model of Coping and Bereavement (DPM; Stroebe & Schut, 1999). Participants were 31 registered forum users and 10 forum moderators. Findings were based on thematic analyses of messages posted on an Internet-mediated discussion forum over a 12-month period. Coping responses include availing of emotional support, self-expression, distraction, and indulgence in substance use or changes in eating behaviors. There appeared to be a reprioritization of values and opportunities for personal development and engagement in new and fulfilling relationships. The themes identified in the analysis broadly map onto the main elements of the DPM.
Nonlinear Optics in Relativistic Plasmas and Laser Wake Field Acceleration of Electrons

When a terawatt-peak-power laser beam is focused into a gas jet, an electron plasma wave, driven by forward Raman scattering, is observed to accelerate a naturally collimated beam of electrons to relativistic energies (up to 109 total electrons, with an energy distribution maximizing at 2 megaelectron volts, a transverse emittance as low as 1 millimeter-milliradian, and a field gradient of up to 2 gigaelectron volts per centimeter). Electron acceleration and the appearance of high-frequency modulations in the transmitted light spectrum were both found to have sharp thresholds in laser power and plasma density. A hole in the center of the electron beam may indicate that plasma electrons were expelled radially.
Memories of gastronomic experiences, savoured positive emotions and savouring processes

ABSTRACT This present study applies the positive psychology concept of ‘savouring’ to local food (gastronomic) experiences and examines the positive emotions enjoyed by tourists based on a broaden-and-build theory (for example, love, joy, interest, and contentment) as well as the relishing processes (for example, thanksgiving, marvelling, basking and luxuriating) they use when reminiscing about their gastronomic experiences. Sixteen interviews were carried out with a sample of tourists who visited Rovaniemi, Finland. The findings show that study participants experienced particularly strong emotions of joy and interest in their reflections on their more memorable local food (gastronomic) experiences long after their holiday had ended. Taste was identified as the common central element of study participants’ more memorable local food (gastronomic) experiences while at their travel destination; moreover, taste supports the savouring process of luxuriating, which underlies physical pleasure and is a form of self-focussed experiential absorption. The study argues that Kim, Ritchie, and McCormick’s [(2012). Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 12–25. doi:10.1177/0047287510385467] memorable tourism experience (MTE) scale should include local food experiences when measuring the dimension of local culture. In addition, tourism researchers should adopt a critical view of the MTE scale, as other dimension(s) for example, sensory stimulation might impact tourist’s’ memories of their travel experience.
Multisensory images evoked by olfactory stimuli: Crossmodal correspondences in human information processing

The purpose of this study was to investigate multisensory effect of fragrance. Can olfactory stimulation induce visual, auditory, taste and tactile image? Fifty-eight participants smelled ten different essential oils, including Grapefruit, Neroli, Clarysage, Roman Chamomile, Sandalwood, Marjoram, Damaskrose, Lemongrass, Bergamot, and Frankincense; the preferences and the evoked color, sound, taste and tactile images in each fragrance were assessed. In addition, the close relationships between a favorable fragrance and a bright color image such as orange and yellow, a round shape image, an acidic and sweet taste image, a high pitch sound image and a silky, downy tactile image were identified. We suggested that the olfactory system is highly linked with the preference system. We represented that olfactory system was highly linked with preference system. We considered that olfactory stimulation evokes visual, auditory, taste and tactile images that accompany the activation of the preference system. We considered that multisensory or crossmodal correspondence is very general in human information processing. It is very important to consider crossmodal correspondences to develop more attractive arts and various types of products for humans.
Improved diagnosis of central nervous system tuberculosis by MPB64-Target PCR

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a serious clinical problem, the treatment of which is sometimes hampered by delayed diagnosis. Clearly, prompt laboratory diagnosis is of vital importance as the spectrum of disease is wide and abnormalities of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are incredibly variable. Since delayed hypersensitivity is the underlying immune response, bacterial load is very low. The conventional bacteriological methods rarely detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF and are of limited use in diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This double blind study was, therefore, directed to the molecular analysis of CNS tuberculosis by an in-house-developed PCR targeted for amplification of a 240bp nucleotide sequence coding for MPB64 protein specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the clinical criteria, 47 patients with CNS tuberculosis and a control group of 10 patients having non-tubercular lesions of the CNS were included in the study. Analyses were done in three groups; one group consisting of 27 patients of TBM, a second group of 20 patients with intracranial tuberculomas and a third group of 10 patients having nontubercular lesions of the CNS acted as control. There were no false positive results by PCR and the specificity worked out to be 100%. In the three study groups, routine CSF analysis (cells and chemistry), CSF for AFB smear and culture were negative in all cases. PCR was positive for 21/27 patients (77.7% sensitivity) of the first group of TBM patients, 6/20 patients (30% sensitivity) of the second group with intracranial tuberculomas were positive by PCR and none was PCR-positive (100% specificity) in the third group. Thus, PCR was found to be more sensitive than any other conventional method in the diagnosis of clinically suspected tubercular meningitis.
Middle-class mothers’ passionate attachment to school choice: abject objects, cruel optimism and affective exploitation*

ABSTRACT This paper is based on a qualitative study about middle-class mothers’ experiences of school choice in Chile. It draws on Butler, Berlant and Hardt’s work on affects, and on feminist contributions to the intersection between school choice, social class and mothering. These contributions help us deepen our understanding of school choice as both a form of passionate attachment to the education market and affective labour. In addition, these perspectives motivate us to go beyond social research sustaining the dominant critical discourse of advantages that middle-classes gain over working-classes through their work in the education market. Our analyses suggest that school choice configures cruel passionate attachments to the education market on middle-class mothers through the construction of working-class ‘others’, and models public education as an abject object through the intensification of mothers’ affective labour, thus reinforcing their experiences of gendered and affective inequalities.