Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enacting entrepreneurship education: The interaction of personal and professional interests in mini-enterprises

This article argues that participative approaches, such as those found in enterprise or entrepreneurship education, allow several factors to influence learning activity. The ‘Mini-enterprise’ (Young Enterprise) approach is one where students set up and run their own business during a school year. This article is based on the analysis of interactional processes in four mini-enterprises in post-16 education. Given the emphasis on progressive ideas in entrepreneurship education in general, it is important to understand how students themselves form the learning activity. The analysis shows how ideas about friendship, school and business all contribute to students’ interaction and to forming the learning process. In order to explore how students’ agency is informed by different sets of ideas, the article applies Joas’ theory of creative action. This allows a discussion of how students’ personal and professional interests interact in productive and less productive ways in the learning activity.
Learned Helplessness and Psychological Adjustment: Effects of age, gender and academic achievement

The present study deals with relations between academic achievement, learned helplessness and psychological adjustment (self-esteem and depression), controlled for gender and age. A preliminary study was conducted to test the direction of the relationship between learned helplessness, assessed by the teacher, and own expectation about academic achievement. The sample consisted of 1580 students with data collected in grades 3 and 4, 6 and 7 and 8 and 9. The relation between these two variables was reciprocal, with the strongest effect between helplessness and expectations. Hypotheses concerning the relations between achievement, helplessness and psychological adjustment were tested by means of a cross-sectional sample consisting of 1575 students in grades 4, 7 and 9. The analyses of structural equation models showed that academic achievement was directly and indirectly related to the pattern of attributions, expectations, helplessness and psychological adjustment. Moreover, helplessness and academic expectations were significantly related to psychological adjustment. The results also clearly found that boys showed more helpless behaviour, as assessed by the teacher, than did girls, while, on the other hand, girls reported more psychological maladjustment. Some practical implications of the findings are reported at the end of the paper.
Disaster Interpersonal Communication and Posttraumatic Stress Following the 2011 Joplin, Missouri, Tornado

In 2011 a deadly tornado struck Joplin, Missouri, killing 158 people. Six months after this disaster, we conducted a random digit dialing telephone survey of Joplin adult residents (N = 380) to examine the relationships between disaster experience, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and disaster interpersonal communication. We found that tornado experience and PTS symptoms resulting from the disaster were related to more interpersonal communication about the event. Considering the nature of disaster experience in understanding the relationships between PTS symptoms and disaster interpersonal communication proved important, as PTS symptoms were related to more talk with neighbors for those directly affected by the storm and more attendance at community meetings for those not directly affected. For those living in Joplin who knew someone who died, more PTS symptoms were related to more talk with friends, family, and neighbors and more attendance at community meetings relative to those who did not know someone.
The similarity between N-terminal targeting signals for protein import into different organelles and its evolutionary relevance

The proper distribution of proteins between the cytosol and various membrane-bound compartments is crucial for the functionality of eukaryotic cells. This requires the cooperation between protein transport machineries that translocate diverse proteins from the cytosol into these compartments and targeting signal(s) encoded within the primary sequence of these proteins that define their cellular destination. The mechanisms exerting protein translocation differ remarkably between the compartments, but the predominant targeting signals for mitochondria, chloroplasts and the ER share the N-terminal position, an α-helical structural element and the removal from the core protein by intraorganellar cleavage. Interestingly, similar properties have been described for the peroxisomal targeting signal type 2 mediating the import of a fraction of soluble peroxisomal proteins, whereas other peroxisomal matrix proteins encode the type 1 targeting signal residing at the extreme C-terminus. The structural similarity of N-terminal targeting signals poses a challenge to the specificity of protein transport, but allows the generation of ambiguous targeting signals that mediate dual targeting of proteins into different compartments. Dual targeting might represent an advantage for adaptation processes that involve a redistribution of proteins, because it circumvents the hierarchy of targeting signals. Thus, the co-existence of two equally functional import pathways into peroxisomes might reflect a balance between evolutionary constant and flexible transport routes.
Distribution and Prevalence of Mutans Streptococci in the Human Dentition

The prevalence of mutans streptococci was determined in 14,859 samples of plaque from all available tooth surfaces in 114 subjects. The clinical examination included location of incipient caries lesions, fillings, and crowns. Mutans streptococci were detected on 40% of all tooth surfaces. The frequency distribution of mutans streptococci and the level of colonization showed a decreasing gradient from molars to incisors for buccal, lingual, occlusal, and approximal surfaces. The location and number of approximal restorations were closely related to the colonization level of mutans streptococci except for second and third molars. Restored surfaces tended to be more colonized by mutans streptococci than sound surfaces, except for occlusal surfaces. A high prevalence of mutans streptococci was found in plaque samples from tooth-colored fillings, especially on buccal and lingual surfaces.
Development of software engineering: co-operative efforts from academia, government and industry

In the past 40 years, software engineering has emerged as an important sub-field of computer science. The quality and productivity of software have been improved and the cost and risk of software development been decreased due to the contributions made in this sub-field. The software engineering community needs to invest much more efforts to cope with the drastically increasing demands on the information technology as well as the extremely open and dynamic nature of the Internet. The history of software engineering is reviewed with emphasis on the driving forces of software and the milestones of software engineering development. The history of software engineering in China is reviewed with emphasis on the relationship between software engineering and the software industry. Based on the above reviews, we argue that software engineering should become an independent discipline along with computer science and co-operative efforts from academia, governments and industries should be needed for the harmonious development of software engineering. Some results are presented based on China's experience of developing software engineering under this model.
Applied text analytics for blogs

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Hunter-Gatherer Culture Change and Continuity in the Middle Holocene of the Cis-Baikal, Siberia

Abstract Boreal forest hunter-gatherers who lived in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia between 9000 and 3000 years ago left behind a rich record of mortuary and habitation sites. In this article, we employ the results of human osteological, stable isotope, and faunal analyses to formulate an hypothesis about discontinuity in the development of Cis-Baikal hunter-gatherers. These data are further used to arrive at more specific working hypotheses on contrasting subsistence, mobility, and social interaction patterns of the two cultures that inhabited the region at different times. We then provide a new model of culture change and continuity that features an intriguing 700-800-year gap between these two groups' records of occupation within a context of practically no environmental change.
IMA Genome-F 1: Ceratocystis fimbriata

The draft nuclear genome of Ceratocystis fimbriata, the type species of Ceratocystis, is comprised of 29 410 862 bp. De novo gene prediction produced 7 266 genes, which is low for an ascomycete fungus. The availability of the genome provides opportunities to study aspects of the biology of this and other Ceratocystis species.
Construction and co-construction in cognitive development

The main goal of the research was to study how children develop new competencies within social interaction with more competent peers and adults. The pretestposttest experimental design was used. In the pretest phase 100 Grade 3 students were assessed by the Raven progressive matrices, and based on the results three equal groups for treatment phase were formed (15 students each). In the treatment phase students from the three groups solved 5 items from the zone of proximal development (ZPD) under three different conditions: collaboratively with a more competent peer, collaboratively with an adult, and individually. The post test included assessment by the Raven test after two months. The qualitative analysis showed that all three groups progressed equally, although students who collaborated with an adult were somewhat more successful with items from the ZPD. The qualitative analysis suggested that new competences are developed in different ways depending on with whom student collaborated. The successful peer interaction was marked by higher degree of symmetrical collaboration including higher level of joint critical thinking, and the successful interaction with an adult was marked by higher level of adult guidance as well as more elaborated task analysis, argumentations, and justifications. Based on the results, it is concluded that: (a) children could develop new competences based on both construction and co-construction mechanisms, and (b) the development of new competences through social interaction depends on the partners and the kind of dialog they build during collaboration.
Leadership Efforts That Facilitate Classroom Thoughtfulness in Social Studies

Abstract This paper investigates the ways in which department chair and principal leadership can influence the teaching of thinking in secondary Social Studies classes. Based upon research in 16 high schools, leadership efforts in the areas of curriculum program development, faculty collegiality, staff development, and school culture are explored. Instructional leadership at the department level that generates a common vision around a shared conceptualization of thinking, combined with curriculum development within a culture of collegiality and attention to teaching and pedagogic strategies, seemed to facilitate improved levels of classroom thoughtfulness in high school social studies classes.
On Reconceptualizing Teacher Education

M This proclamation about a quiet revolution appears in the introduction to a collection of articles published by TESOL entitled Teacher Education, edited by Johnson (2000). The reference to Freeman and Johnson (1998a), which appears to be the revolution's manifesto, comes from the lead article to a special-topic issue of TESOL Quarterly (Freeman &Johnson, 1998b) devoted to research and practice in English language teacher education. A recent review of the state of language teacher education (Crandall, 2000) has said that "no other volume in the last decade better portrays the major concerns in language teacher education than this special issue" (p. 46), and as such it appears to be an excellent point of departure for examining the revolution, which calls for a reconceptualization of the knowledge base of language teacher education.
Block transmission over multi-scale multi-lag wireless channels

In this paper, new parametric models for wideband, time-varying channels are developed. These models seek to describe multi-scale, multi-lag channels. The new model is adapted from recently defined scale-lag canonical models, which suffer from model mismatch issues when employed with wavelet signaling. The main challenge of the scale-lag canonical models is the fact that they are predicated upon baseband signaling; whereas wavelet signaling is bandpass in nature. The new model accommodates the bandpass nature of the signaling scheme and enables the design of high-rate block transmission methods over multi-scale multi-lag wireless channels. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the new channel model, and illustrate the performance of the related spectrally efficient communication scheme.
2‐hydroxyoestradiol and 2‐methoxyoestradiol, two endogenous oestradiol metabolites, induce DNA fragmentation in Sertoli cells

Elevated intratesticular levels of hydroxyoestradiols and methoxyoestradiols, two classes of endogenous oestradiol metabolites, have been associated with male infertility. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of 2‐hydroxyoestradiol (2OHE2), 4‐hydroxyoestradiol (4OHE2), 2‐methoxyoestradiol (2ME2) and 4‐methoxyoestradiol (4ME2) on Sertoli cell viability. For this, TM4 cells were incubated with different concentrations of these metabolites for 24 h to then evaluate the viability and DNA integrity by MTS and TUNEL assay respectively. The participation of classical oestrogen receptors and the involvement of oxidative stress and apoptotic mechanisms were also evaluated co‐incubating TM4 cells with these estradiol metabolites and with the drugs ICI182780, N‐acetylcysteine and Z‐VAD‐FMK respectively. Only high concentrations of 2OHE2 and 2ME2 decreased cell viability inducing DNA fragmentation. In addition, ICI182780 did not block the effect of 2OHE2 and 2ME2, while N‐Acetylcysteine and Z‐VAD‐FMK only blocked the effect of 2OHE2. Moreover, 2OHE2 but not 2ME2 induced PARP and caspase‐3 cleavage. Finally, lower 2OHE2 and 2ME2 concentrations (0.01–0.1–1.0 μmol l−1) decreased Sertoli cell viability 48 h post‐treatment. Our results support the hypothesis that elevated intratesticular 2OHE2 or 2ME2 concentrations could be related to male infertility since 2OHE2 by apoptosis and 2ME2 by undetermined mechanisms induce DNA fragmentation in Sertoli cells.
A Controlled Comparison of Cognitive—Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam and Placebo in the Management of Generalized Anxiety

Generalized anxiety patients were randomly allocated to Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, Diazepam or Placebo and managed in a primary care setting. Treatments were balanced for degree of psychologist/patient contact. A range of outcome measures, including patient self report, psychologist assessor and general practitioner ratings were used. Large variations within group response to treatment emerged. At the end of active treatment the superiority of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy was suggested. Post-study psychotropic prescription and psychological treatment was assessed at a 12-month follow-up. The Cognitive-Behaviour group revealed the lowest incidence of subsequent treatment interventions.
Improving source-location privacy through opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be an attractive solution for a plethora of communication applications, such as unattended event monitoring and tracking. One of the looming challenges that threaten the successful deployment of these sensor networks is source-location privacy, especially when a network is deployed to monitor sensitive objects. In order to enhance source location privacy in sensor networks, we propose the use of an opportunistic mesh networking scheme and examine four different approaches. Each approach has different selection criteria for the next relay node. In opportunistic mesh networks, each sensor transmits the packet over a dynamic path to the destination. Every packet from the source can therefore follow a different path toward the destination, making it difficult for an adversary to backtrack hop-by-hop to the origin of the sensor communication.
HEIGHT ESTIMATION USING AERIAL SIDE LOOKING IMAGE SEQUENCES

We are concerned with DSM reconstruction from limited-angle aerial side-looking image sequences. Despite this suboptimal configuration, we have devised a complete process starting from a partially calibrated sequence and leading to an estimated height map. The calibration step is fully automatic: it is made with respect to a reference view by means of interest points tracking and bundle adjustment. We propose a novel dense matching process combining a multi-views pixelwise similarity criterion, a L1-norm regularization term and a final step of height map refinement. Occlusions are accounted for without supplementary computational cost by a modification of the similarity criterion. First developed on synthetic sequences, this method is evaluated here on a real sequence with promising results.
Incremental rule splitting in generalized evolving fuzzy regression models

We propose an incremental rule splitting concept for generalized fuzzy rules in evolving fuzzy regression models in order to properly react on gradual drifts and to compensate inappropriate settings of rule evolution parameters; both occurrences may lead to oversized rules with untypically large local errors, which also usually affects the global model error. The generalized rules are directly defined in the multi-dimensional feature space through a kernel function, and thus allowing any rotated orientation of their shapes. Our splitting condition is based 1. ) on the local error of rules measured in terms of a weighted contribution to the whole model error and 2. ) on the size of the rules measured in terms of its volume. Thereby, we use the concept of statistical process control for automatic thresholding, in order to omit two extra parameters. The splitting technique relies on the eigendecompisition of the rule covariance matrix by adequately manipulating the largest eigenvector and eigenvalues in order to retrieve the new centers and contours of the two split rules. Thus, splitting is performed along the main principal component direction of a rule. The splitting concepts are integrated in the generalized smart evolving learning engine (Gen-Smart-EFS) and successfully tested on two real-world application scenarios, engine test benches and rolling mills, the latter including a real-occurring gradual drift (whose position in the data is known). Results show clearly improved error trend lines over time when splitting is applied: reduction of the error by about one third (rolling mills) and one half (engine test benches). In case of rolling mills, three rule splits right after the gradual drift starts were essential for this significant improvement.
Predicting Deliberative Conversation: The Impact of Discussion Networks, Media Use, and Political Cognitions

This study explores the meaning and origins of deliberative political conversation, characterized by an openness to political conflict, the absence of conversational dominance, clear and reasonable argument, and mutual comprehension. Adapting McLeod, Scheufele, and Moy's (1999) model of democratic engagement, we posit a series of relationships among discussion networks, media use, political cognition, and public participation. Using two divergent samples—one consisting of 149 adult literacy students and another comprising 130 public forum participants—we test the model's utility as a predictor of deliberative conversation. Structural equation modeling indicates that network characteristics had mixed effects. Print media use and interpersonal discussion tended to enhance deliberative conversation, and television news viewing hindered both the reasonableness of one's arguments and the comprehension of others' views. Taken together, these results suggest that the deliberative quality of public talk has a complex relationship with common predictors of other political communication behavior.
Menopausal hormone therapy and central nervous system tumor risk: Large UK prospective study and meta‐analysis

Female sex hormones are thought to affect women's risk of developing central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Some have reported an increased risk in users of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) but evidence is limited. In the UK General Practice Research Database we compared prospectively collected information on HT prescriptions in women aged 50–79 years with CNS tumors diagnosed in 1987–2011 with that in matched controls (four per case). Relative risks (RRs) in relation to prescribed HT were calculated overall and by CNS tumor subtype. Statistical tests are two‐sided. For all CNS tumors (n = 3,500), glioma (n = 689), meningioma (n = 1,197), acoustic neuroma (n = 439), and pituitary tumors (n = 273) adjusted RRs for women prescribed HT versus not were, respectively, 1.21 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.10–1.32, p < 0.0001), 1.14 (0.93–1.40, p = 0.2), 1.30 (1.11–1.51, p = 0.001), 1.37 (1.06–1.75, p = 0.01), and 1.35 (0.99–1.85, p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in risk by tumor subtype (pheterogeneity = 0.6). A meta‐analysis was conducted, combining our results with those from other published studies with prospectively collected exposure information. The meta‐analyses yielded significantly increased risks for all CNS tumors, glioma and meningioma in users of estrogen‐only [1.35 (1.22–1.49), 1.23 (1.06–1.42) and 1.31 (1.20–1.43), respectively] but not estrogen‐progestin HT [1.09 (0.99–1.19), 0.92 (0.78–1.08) and 1.05 (0.95–1.16), respectively]; these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.005 for each tumor type). There was no significant difference between glioma and meningioma risk in users of estrogen‐only HT. The totality of the available evidence suggests an increased risk of all CNS tumors (and of glioma and meningioma separately) in users of estrogen‐only HT. Absolute excess risk (2 per 10,000 users over 5 years) is small.
Indigenous health and the contribution of sociology: a review

After briefly reviewing the individual contributions to an earlier symposium on Indigenous health, the authors draw on Bent Flyvbjerg's concept of 'phronetic social science' to reflect on the types of approaches to social science that are most likely to be relevant to the needs and challenges of Indigenous health, and how researchers interested in the field might proceed. In so doing they raise questions regarding the sufficiency of the underlying premises and values guiding this area of research. (non-author abstract)