Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative emotional context enhances auditory novelty processing

We used an auditory–visual distraction task to investigate the functional relationship between distraction elicited by auditory novel events and a context of negative emotional processing, both at behavioural and electrophysiological (event-related brain potentials) levels in humans. Participants performed a decision task on pictures disclosing sceneries with a task-irrelevant emotional load or neutral, whereas ignoring sounds presented concomitantly. Our data showed that novel sounds yielded stronger behavioural disruption on participants' visual task performance in negative context compared to the neutral one. Accordingly, late novelty P3 responses to novel sounds were enhanced. These results demonstrate that the negative emotional context enhances the activation of neural networks in the auditory novelty system, enhancing auditory novelty processing under potentially threatening conditions.
Determinanten erlebter Gerechtigkeit

An insgesamt 240 Versuchspersonen (12 Unternehmer, 21 Mitglieder einer konservativen Partei, 24 Gewerkschaftsmitglieder, 34 Sozialdienstangehorige sowie 164 sonstige, zufallig ausgewahlte Versuchspersonen) wird untersucht, ob die folgenden Faktoren die Beurteilung der Gerechtigkeit von Entscheidungen beeinflussen: (1) der Entscheidungsgegenstand (Verteilung oder Entzug materieller Guter, Privilegien und Positionen sowie die Zuerkennung positiver oder die Zuschreibung negativer Symbole), (2) der soziale Kontext (auf Erwerb, auf Forderung und auf harmonische Gefuhlsbeziehungen orientierter Kontext) sowie (3) die Verfahrensregeln (Billigkeits-, Bedurftigkeits- und Gleichheitsprinzip). Eine varianzanalytische Auswertung belegte den Einfluss der Dimensionen "Entscheidungsgegenstand" und "sozialer Kontext" auf die Bewertung der Gerechtigkeit der Verfahrensregeln und legt die Unterscheidung zwischen Chancengleichheit (Losverfahren) und faktischer Gleichheit nahe. Schlieslich ergaben sich Zusammenhange zwischen Gerechtigkeitsuberzeugungen und der beruflichen Position bzw. politischen Uberzeugung der Probanden. A questionnaire was developed and used to investigate how people's judgments on the justice of decisions depend on (a) the content of decisions (allocation or withdrawal of material goods, privileges and positions as well as positively and negatively valued symbols), (b) the aims of social systems whose members are affected by a decision (directed towards (1) financial income, (2) education, welfare, and development and (3) friendship and love) and (c) the decision rule (equity, need, equality). Analyses of variance evidenced the significant impact that the content and social context of decisions have on subjects' judgments regarding the justice of the decision rule applied. A factor analysis of subjects' judgments suggests a differentiation between two equality principles: factual parity and parity of chances. Justice concepts were found to be related to subjects' professional positions as well as their political attitudes.
A spatial memory mechanism for guiding primary task resumption

A SPATIAL MEMORY MECHANISM FOR GUIDING TASK RESUMPTION Raj M. Ratwani, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2008 Dissertation Director: Dr. J. Gregory Trafton Theories accounting for the task resumption process following an interruption have primarily been memory based accounts (Altmann & Trafton, 2002, 2007; Oulasvirta & Sarrlilouma, 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the resumption process at the perceptual level to determine whether spatial memory processes are used to resume and to determine whether these processes can be directly integrated with an activationbased theoretical framework of goal memory (Altmann & Trafton, 2002). Based on previous literature two plausible hypotheses, a retrace hypothesis and a spatial memory hypothesis, were examined to account for the perceptual processes used to resume an interrupted task. Six eye movement studies, using two different tasks that varied in task structure, were conducted to distinguish between these two hypotheses. In Experiments 1 and 4, the pattern of eye movements upon resumption was examined to distinguish between the retrace and spatial memory hypotheses. In Experiments 2 and 5, an interrupting task that required spatial working memory resources was shown to be more disruptive than a non-spatial interrupting task. These results directly implicate spatial memory in the task resumption process. In Experiments 3 and 6, interruption length was manipulated to determine whether spatial memory remains intact over longer interruption lengths. Together, the results of these experiments provide strong support for a spatial memory mechanism of task resumption that can be directly integrated with the Altmann and Trafton (2002, 2007) memory for goals theory.
STRATEGI PENGATURAN DIRI DALAM BELAJAR SEBAGAI MEDIATOR HARAPAN ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI INTRINSIK TERHADAP PRESTASI AKADEMIK

Some factors had been found to explain its effect on student achievement both internal and external factors of students. The comprehensive study that explains these two factors in giving effect jointly to academic achievement is still limited. This study examined the effects of child and family characteristics, parent’s expectation, intrinsic motivation, and self-regulated learning strategies on academic achievement of junior high school. The samples of this study were selected by random sampling. One hundred and forty nine of junior high school students in Bogor, 8th grade, were selectedas samples in this study. This study found that parents expectation were positively affecting intrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation were positively affecting selfregulated learning strategies. Self-regulated learning strategies were positively affecting academic achievement. Self-regulated learning strategies were found as mediator for the effect of parent’s expectation and intrinsic motivation towards academic achievement. Therefore, parents and teachers should be able to raise the intrinsic motivation of students so that students can perform self-regulated learning strategies that can improve their academic achievement.
Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder as an entrepreneurial “marker” among family business members: A social learning perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain why individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) gravitate towards and excel in highly dynamic environments such as those encountered by family business owners.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper draws on extant literature to establish parallels between the executive functions of individuals with AD/HD and entrepreneurial cognition. The authors use previous theoretical and empirical research to suggest that the use of intuition in the decision‐making process may explain the link between individuals with AD/HD and entrepreneurs.Findings – Family members with AD/HD suffer from diminished executive functions that force them to make decisions and act upon information that would be insufficient for the non‐entrepreneur in the family.Research limitations/implications – The paper presents evidence suggesting a link between executive functions and intuitive decision making in the family business context, however, empirical rese.
Which Basic Rules Underlie Social Judgments? Agency Follows a Zero-Sum Principle and Communion Follows a Non-Zero-Sum Principle

How are people who generally see others positively evaluated themselves? We propose that the answer to this question crucially hinges on the content domain: We hypothesize that Agency follows a “zero-sum principle” and therefore people who see others as high in Agency are perceived as low in Agency themselves. In contrast, we hypothesize that Communion follows a “non-zero-sum principle” and therefore people who see others as high in Communion are perceived as high in Communion themselves. We tested these hypotheses in a round-robin and a half-block study. Perceiving others as agentic was indeed linked to being perceived as low in Agency. To the contrary, perceiving others as communal was linked to being perceived as high in Communion, but only when people directly interacted with each other. These results help to clarify the nature of Agency and Communion and offer explanations for divergent findings in the literature.
Gait Analysis: An Introduction

Basic sciences Anatomy Physiology Biomechanics References and suggestions for further reading Normal gait Walking and gait History Terminology used in gait analysis Outline of the gait cycle The gait cycle in detail Ground reaction forces Support moment Energy consumption Optimization of energy usage Starting and stopping Other varieties of gait Gait in the young Gait in the elderly References and suggestions for further reading Pathological and other abnormal gaits Specific gait abnormalities Walking aids Amputee gait Treadmill gait Common pathologies affecting gait References and suggestions for further reading Methods of gait analysis Visual gait analysis General gait parameters Timing the gait cycle Direct motion measurement systems Electrogoniometers Pressure beneath the foot Electromyography Energy consumption Accelerometers Gyroscopes Force platforms Kinematic systems Combined kinetic/kinematic systems References and suggestions for further reading Applications of gait analysis Clinical gait assessment Conditions benefiting from gait assessment Future developments ConclusionReferences and suggestions for further reading Gait assessment in cerebral palsy Basic physiology of movement The causes of cerebral palsy Spastic hemiplegia Spastic diplegia Other varieties of cerebral palsy Crouch gait Spasticity Lever arm dysfunction Gait patterns in cerebral palsy Gait assessment Overview of treatment Summary References and suggestions for further reading Gait analysis data on CD-ROM Computer requirements Running the CD Contents of the CD How to use the Polygon viewer Notes Acknowledgements Appendices 1. Normal ranges for gait parameters 2. Conversions between measurement units 3. Sources of further information Glossary Index
The Las Campanas Infrared Survey – II. Photometric redshifts, comparison with models and clustering evolution

The Las Campanas Infrared (LCIR) Survey, using the Cambridge Infra-Red Survey Instrument (CIRSI), reaches H∼21 over nearly 1 deg^2. In this paper we present results from 744 arcmin^2 centred on the Hubble Deep Field South for which UBVRI optical data are publicly available. Making conservative magnitude cuts to ensure spatial uniformity, we detect 3177 galaxies to H=20.0 in 744 arcmin^2 and a further 842 to H=20.5 in a deeper subregion of 407 arcmin^2. We compare the observed optical–infrared (IR) colour distributions with the predictions of semi-analytic hierarchical models and find reasonable agreement. We also determine photometric redshifts, finding a median redshift of ∼0.55. We compare the redshift distributions N(z) of E, Sbc, Scd and Im spectral types with models, showing that the observations are inconsistent with simple passive-evolution models while semi-analytic models provide a reasonable fit to the total N(z) but underestimate the number of z∼1 red spectral types relative to bluer spectral types. We also present N(z) for samples of extremely red objects (EROs) defined by optical–IR colours. We find that EROs with R-H>4 and H 4 comprise ∼18 per cent of the observed galaxy population, while in semi-analytic models they contribute only ∼4 per cent. We also determine the angular correlation function w(θ) for magnitude, colour, spectral type and photometric redshift-selected subsamples of the data and use the photometric redshift distributions to derive the spatial clustering statistic ξ(r) as a function of spectral type and redshift out to z∼1.2. Parametrizing ξ(r) by ξ(rc,z)=[rc/r∗(z)]^(-1.8), where r_c is in comoving coordinates, we find that r∗(z) increases by a factor of 1.5–2 from z=0 to z∼1.2. We interpret this as a selection effect – the galaxies selected at z∼1.2 are intrinsically very luminous, about 1–1.5 mag brighter than L∗. When galaxies are selected by absolute magnitude, we find no evidence for evolution in r∗ over this redshift range. Extrapolated to z=0, we find r∗(z=0)∼6.5 h^(-1) Mpc for red galaxies and r∗(z=0)∼2–4 h^(-1) Mpc for blue galaxies. We also find that, while the angular clustering amplitude of EROs with R-H>4 or I-H>3 is up to four times that of the whole galaxy population, the spatial clustering length r∗(z=1) is ∼7.5–10.5 h^(-1) Mpc, which is only a factor of ∼1.7 times r∗(z=1) for R-H<4 and I-H<3 galaxies lying in a similar redshift and luminosity range. This difference is similar to that observed between red and blue galaxies at low redshifts.
Distance-Based Phylogenetic Methods Around a Polytomy

Distance-based phylogenetic algorithms attempt to solve the NP-hard least-squares phylogeny problem by mapping an arbitrary dissimilarity map representing biological data to a tree metric. The set of all dissimilarity maps is a Euclidean space properly containing the space of all tree metrics as a polyhedral fan. Outputs of distance-based tree reconstruction algorithms such as UPGMA and neighbor-joining are points in the maximal cones in the fan. Tree metrics with polytomies lie at the intersections of maximal cones. A phylogenetic algorithm divides the space of all dissimilarity maps into regions based upon which combinatorial tree is reconstructed by the algorithm. Comparison of phylogenetic methods can be done by comparing the geometry of these regions. We use polyhedral geometry to compare the local nature of the subdivisions induced by least-squares phylogeny, UPGMA, and neighbor-joining when the true tree has a single polytomy with exactly four neighbors. Our results suggest that in some circumstances, UPGMA and neighbor-joining poorly match least-squares phylogeny.
The structure of plane graphs with independent crossings and its applications to coloring problems

If a graph G has a drawing in the plane in such a way that every two crossings are independent, then we call G a plane graph with independent crossings or IC-planar graph for short. In this paper, the structure of IC-planar graphs with minimum degree at least two or three is studied. By applying their structural results, we prove that the edge chromatic number of G is Δ if Δ ≥ 8, the list edge (resp. list total) chromatic number of G is Δ (resp. Δ + 1) if Δ ≥ 14 and the linear arboricity of G is ℈Δ/2⌊ if Δ ≥ 17, where G is an IC-planar graph and Δ is the maximum degree of G.
Does Mobility of the Elderly with Hip Fractures Improve at One Year Following Surgery? A 5-year Prospective Survey.

BACKGROUND Hip fracture and its consequences are one of the major causes of morbidity and disability in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to collect epidemiologic data and assess the daily activities and walking ability of patients 3 months and 1 year following surgery because of a hip fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively obtained data of all consecutive patients more than 50 years of age with any type of hip fracture from 2008 to 2013. After excluding pathologic fractures, hip fracture dislocations, non-surgically treated cases, and dead patients, functional status of the subjects at 3 months and 1 year after surgery was evaluated using a 10-degree scale of pain, modified Barthel index of daily activity, and independent walking ability. RESULTS In total, 1015 cases were enrolled. Mean age was 75.6 year with a female to male ratio of 1.33. Left-sided hip fractures were seen in 51.7 % of cases. Intertrochanteric fractures were the most common type (72.1 %), followed by femoral neck (24.0 %) and subtrochanteric fractures (3.9 %). At both 3-month and 1-year follow-up visits, 562 subjects (317 women and 245 men) completed the questionnaires. Activities of daily living and independent walking ability were improved significantly at 1 year and the improvements were statistically superior to the results obtained at 3 months (p-value < 0.001 for both variables). CONCLUSION By continuing rehabilitation of elderly patients with surgically-treated hip fractures for one year, improvement in activities of life and walking independence can be expected even if they have a poor result after the first 3 months of rehabilitation.
Co-morbidity and factor analysis on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder DSM-IV-derived items

Background: There is a gap in the literature regarding the extent of possible co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). This study aimed to investigate co-occurring of ADHD in children with PDD. Methods: A clinical sample of 68 children with PDD was assessed according to DSM-IV criteria to make ADHD and/ or PDD diagnoses. All the different types of PDD were included. DSM-IV derived criteria for ADHD and PDD were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Results: the rate of autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and PDD-NOS (not otherwise specified) was 55.4%, 16.9%, 3.1%, 3.1%, 21.5%, respectively. 53.8% of the sample was with ADHD co-morbidity. The rate of ADHD subtypes was 37.1%, 22.9%, and 40.0% for inattentive type, hyperactivity/impulsivity type and combined type, respectively. Conclusion: ADHD and its symptoms highly co-occur with PDD. Meanwhile, the result of factor analysis supports the independence of ADHD and PDD diagnostic criteria.
Feature selection for sensor interoperability: A case study in fingerprint segmentation

The need for sensor interoperability has increased tremendously in many fingerprint large-scale application areas such as e-commerce, welfare-disbursement and e-education. However, the problem of feature selection for sensor interoperability has received limited attention in the literature. In this paper, the relationships among person, sensor and feature are discussed. Especially, a feature selection method for sensor interoperability is proposed. Some experimental results of feature selection for sensor interoperability in fingerprint segmentation are presented as a case study. Experiments show that the various features exhibit different sensor interoperability on different sensors.
The 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj earthquake, low fault friction, and the crustal support of plate driving forces in India

We present a source model for the 2001 M_w 7.6 Bhuj earthquake of northwest India. The slip distribution suggests a high stress drop (~35 MPa) and, together with the depth distribution of aftershocks, that the entire crust is seismogenic. We suggest that the active faults have an effective coefficient of friction of ~0.08, which is sufficient for the seismogenic crust to support the majority of the compressive force transmitted through the Indian lithosphere. This model is consistent with the midcrustal depth of the transition from extension to compression beneath the Ganges foreland basin where India underthrusts southern Tibet. If the coefficient of friction were the more traditional value of 0.6, the lithosphere would be required to support a net force roughly an order of magnitude higher than current estimates in order to match the observed depth of the neutral fiber.
Impact of 5D of Religiosity on Diffusion Rate of Innovation

Diffusion of Innovation (products and services) has become comprehensive and complex in last three decades. Consumers are divulged to many influences and religiosity is one of them, which mainly remained uncovered. Up to now few researchers conducted research to find the relationship between Religiosity and Diffusion rate of Innovation. This research paper aims to investigate the relationship between religiosity and diffusion rate of innovation. To find this relation we use 5-D of religiosity that is Ideological, Ritualistic, Experiential, Intellectual and Consequential, where religiosity is independent variable and diffusion rate is dependent variable. We use two main religion of the world Islam and Christianity; structured questionnaires were distributed among the respondents of both the religions. Regression and Correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Analysis of the data collected from both the religion led to the conclusion that religiosity has a significant impact on diffusion rate of innovation. The results of this paper will help multinational organization’s managers and marketers in decision making regarding introduction of new product and services even within same ethnicity.
Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

Background P. vivax infection is characterised by relapsing fever, indicating reinfection by previously hidden parasites in the host. Relapsed infection can lead to the activation of the memory T cell pool, which may lead to protective immunity. This study aims to characterise immune responses in acute P. vivax-infected patients living in an area of central China characterised by only P. vivax infection. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a cross-sectional immune-phenotypic analysis of adults using the following inclusion criteria: acute P. vivax infection (N = 37), a history of P. vivax infection (N = 17), and no known history of P. vivax infection (N = 21). We also conducted a 2-week longitudinal analysis following acute P. vivax infection, in which PBMC proliferation was measured in response to P. vivax and P. falciparum blood stage lysates. Using flow cytometry, we showed elevated memory T cells in the blood during acute P. vivax infection. The levels of γδ T cells were two-fold higher than those measured in naive controls. This result suggested that in the two populations, memory and γδ T cells promptly responded to P. vivax parasites. Interestingly, P. falciparum antigens stimulated T cells obtained from P. vivax-infected patients during a day 14-convalescence, whereas lymphocytes from the naïve control group responded to a lower degree of convalescence. Conclusions/Significance Cell-mediated immunity during the convalescent period of the P. vivax-infected hosts was comprised of T cells that were specifically able to recognise P. falciparum antigens. Although the magnitude of the response was only half that measured after stimulation with P. vivax antigens, the matter of cross-antigenic stimulation is of great interest.
Pressure Modes of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Pressure modes of invasive mechanical ventilation generate a tidal breath by delivering pressure over time. Pressure control ventilation (PC) is the prototypical pressure mode and is patient- or time-triggered, pressure-limited, and time-cycled. Other pressure modes include pressure support ventilation (PSV), pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC, also known as volume control plus [VC+]), airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), and biphasic ventilation (also known as BiLevel). Despite their complexity, modern ventilators respond to patient effort and respiratory system mechanics in a fairly predictable fashion. No single mode has consistently demonstrated superiority in clinical trials; however, empiric management with a pressure mode may achieve the goals of patient-ventilator synchrony, effective respiratory system support, adequate gas exchange, and limited ventilator-induced lung injury.