Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body composition in athletes: A comparison of densitometric methods and tracking of individual differences

Abstract Measuring body composition in athletes can provide valuable information on training and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to compare percentage body fat (PF) obtained by hydrostatic weighing (HW) to PF via air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), and to evaluate tracking of individual differences between both methods over time in elite college athletes. Thirty-one male and 33 female athletes (18.0–36.4 years) were measured by ADP and HW. Twenty-one subjects (10 men, 11 women) were measured again 61±11 days later to evaluate consistency of individual differences between methods. Mean PF differed significantly in men (HW: 9.4±2.4%, ADP: 11.3±3.4%, P<0.05) but not in women (HW: 19.1±2.4%, ADP: 19.5±3.7%). A significant trend in mean bias was found in both genders between HW-ADP suggesting an underestimation of PF by ADP at lower mean PF and an overestimation of PF by ADP at higher mean PF. Up to 73% of variance in differences between methods at follow-up was explained by differences between methods at the first measurement occasion. Both densitometric methods cannot be used interchangeably when measuring and tracking the body composition of individual elite athletes using a 2-component model of body composition. Differences between methods appear to track within an individual. The individual-specific causes of these differences remain to be determined.
Role innovative behaviors within the process of organizational socialization

This study explored the factor of role innovative behaviors within the organizational socialization. A questionnaire survey was conducted among young adults (N = 113; maximum age, 30 years) at a public job placement office in Japan. The results showed that knowledge of self-image learned in the process of organizational socialization was positively associated with role innovation. However, knowledge of organizational contexts (job, social group, organizational system, etc.) was not associated with the role innovation, but was instead positively associated with content innovation and custodianship, of which neither was concerned with self-image. Given all the above considerations, I have emphasized the function of the self-image, as generated in the organizational socialization process, as a key factor in role innovation. The implications of this research are also discussed.
Economic Consequences of Climate Change Impacts: The Case of Atlantic Canada

As recent literature has shown climate change impacts result in negative consequences for regional economies. In this study, we test this conclusion for the region of Atlantic Canada. In order to do and present our case study research, we designed economic and statistical models to describe the relationship between economic performance measure, which is regional value added, and two sets of control variables - economic and climate. Statistical model represents a linear multiple regression set in terms of panel data for five regional transportation hubs with autoregressive term for our dependent variable and two sets of control variables. The results obtained from the model estimation show statistically significant negative effect of rising temperature on regional value added: an increase in annual temperature by one degree Celsius causes a decrease in regional value added by 1.74%. In addition, the rise of the sea level by one meter would reduce regional value added by approximately 10% implying that coastal sub-region in Atlantic Canada is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Structures of the extracellular regions of the group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors

Metabotropic glutamate receptors play major roles in the activation of excitatory synapses in the central nerve system. We determined the crystal structure of the entire extracellular region of the group II receptor and that of the ligand-binding region of the group III receptor. A comparison among groups I, II, and III provides the structural basis that could account for the discrimination of group-specific agonists. Furthermore, the structure of group II includes the cysteine-rich domain, which is tightly linked to the ligand-binding domain by a disulfide bridge, suggesting a potential role in transmitting a ligand-induced conformational change into the downstream transmembrane region. The structure also reveals the lateral interaction between the two cysteine-rich domains, which could stimulate clustering of the dimeric receptors on the cell surface. We propose a general activation mechanism of the dimeric receptor coupled with both ligand-binding and interprotomer rearrangements.
Elevated Cerebral Blood Volume Contributes to Increased FLAIR Signal in the Cerebral Sulci of Propofol-Sedated Children

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperintense FLAIR signal in the cerebral sulci of anesthetized children is attributed to supplemental oxygen (fraction of inspired oxygen) but resembles FLAIR hypersignal associated with perfusion abnormalities in Moyamoya disease and carotid stenosis. We investigated whether cerebral perfusion, known to be altered by anesthesia, contributes to diffuse signal intensity in sulci in children and explored the relative contributions of supplemental oxygen, cerebral perfusion, and anesthesia to signal intensity in sulci. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Supraventricular signal intensity in sulci on pre- and postcontrast T2 FLAIR images of 24 propofol-sedated children (6.20 ± 3.28 years) breathing supplemental oxygen and 18 nonsedated children (14.28 ± 2.08 years) breathing room air was graded from 0 to 3. The Spearman correlation of signal intensity in sulci with the fraction of inspired oxygen and age in 42 subjects, and with dynamic susceptibility contrast measures of cortical CBF, CBV, and MTT available in 25 subjects, were evaluated overall and compared between subgroups. Factors most influential on signal intensity in sulci were identified by stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: CBV was more influential on noncontrast FLAIR signal intensity in sulci than the fraction of inspired oxygen or age in propofol-sedated children (CBV: r = 0.612, P = .026; fraction of inspired oxygen: r = −0.418, P = .042; age: r = 0.523, P = .009) and overall (CBV: r = 0.671, P = .0002; fraction of inspired oxygen: r = 0.442, P = .003; age: r = −0.374, P = .015). MTT (CBV/CBF) was influential in the overall cohort (r = 0.461, P = .020). Signal intensity in sulci increased with contrast in 45% of subjects, decreased in none, and was greater (P < .0001) in younger propofol-sedated subjects, in whom the signal intensity in sulci increased with age postcontrast (r = .600, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cortical CBV appears to contribute to increased signal intensity in sulci on noncontrast FLAIR in propofol-sedated children. The effects of propofol on age-related cerebral perfusion and vascular permeability may play a role.
Use of an immunoperoxidase method for identification of Bacteroides fragilis

An indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) slide test was evaluated for the laboratory identification of Bacteroides fragilis. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected with goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G-peroxidase conjugate with 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole as the peroxidase substrate. Ninety-one percent of 44 B. fragilis strains tested were IP positive (3+ to 4+ reactions) with greater than or equal to 1:160 dilutions of rabbit antiserum produced against whole cells of B. fragilis ATCC 23745. The antiserum was species specific. No cross-reactions were observed with 35 Bacteroides strains of other species or with a variety of facultative or aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Four B. fragilis strains were IP negative. One of these (VPI 2393) was the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homology group II reference strain. The other three were clinical isolates. IP-negative and representative IP-positive strains were tested for DNA homology with the type strains for DNA homology groups I and II (VPI 2553 and VPI 2393). Two of the three clinical isolates were classified as DNA homology group II, and the remaining strain was classified as a group I. Capsular material known to be unique to B. fragilis was common to both DNA homology groups as indicated by reactions with purified anticapsular antiserum. The IP technique provides a suitable alternative to fluorescent microscopy for the rapid immunological identification of B. fragilis.
Stabilization of a G-Quadruplex from Unfolding by Replication Protein A Using Potassium and the Porphyrin TMPyP4

Replication protein A (RPA) plays an essential role in DNA replication by binding and unfolding non-canonical single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) structures. Of the six RPA ssDNA binding domains (labeled A-F), RPA-CDE selectively binds a G-quadruplex forming sequence (5′-TAGGGGAAGGGTTGGAGTGGGTT-3′ called Gq23). In K+, Gq23 forms a mixed parallel/antiparallel conformation, and in Na+ Gq23 has a less stable (T M lowered by ∼20°C), antiparallel conformation. Gq23 is intramolecular and 1D NMR confirms a stable G-quadruplex structure in K+. Full-length RPA and RPA-CDE-core can bind and unfold the Na+ form of Gq23 very efficiently, but complete unfolding is not observed with the K+ form. Studies with G-quadruplex ligands, indicate that TMPyP4 has a thermal stabilization effect on Gq23 in K+, and inhibits complete unfolding by RPA and RPA-CDE-core. Overall these data indicate that G-quadruplexes present a unique problem for RPA to unfold and ligands, such as TMPyP4, could possibly hinder DNA replication by blocking unfolding by RPA.
Language loss and language processing : three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand

This dissertation investigates the relationship between language shift, language loss, and language processing. Three generations of Dutch immigrants to New Zealand were tested to investigate intra- and intergenerational patterns of language use, social networks, perceived ethnolinguistic vitality, self-assessments of L1 and L2 proficiency, and productive and receptive language skills (picture naming and picture-word matching). The results on language use in various domains and language use situations indicate a fast pattern of shift towards the L2 at both the intra- and intergenerational level. In line, productive and receptive language proficiency decline with each generation. In addition, a comparison to a control group in the Netherlands revealed that the first generation informants already show signs of reduced L1 proficiency in the production task. However, receptive skills are still in tact. The self-assessments of L1 proficiency were found to reflect the more objective measures of language proficiency extremely well. All three generations judged Dutch vitality to be lower than British-New Zealand vitality, although the third generation informants rated Dutch vitality higher than the first and second generations. Perceptions of British-New Zealand vitality were related to receptive L1 proficiency. The number of L1 contacts in the social networks was not related to L1 proficiency or maintenance, but there were indications that the number of L1 contacts in the neighbourhood was negatively related to L2 proficiency. L1 use outside the home and a positive attitude toward L1 maintenance were found to be key factors for language maintenance in this three-generational migrant context
Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in Scotland (1999-2002).

BACKGROUND Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We have performed a national study of all patients on PD in Scotland over a 3.5 year period examining the causes of technique failure, rates of peritonitis, causative organisms, clinical outcomes and differences between automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS All 10 adult renal units in Scotland participated in the study and the data include all 1205 patients who were on PD in Scotland from January 1999 to June 2002. The data were collected prospectively by the PD nurses and reported to the Scottish Renal Registry every 6 months. RESULTS Refractory or recurrent peritonitis was the cause of technique failure in 167 patients (42.6% of all cases of technique failure). There were 928 cases of peritonitis in 1487 patient-years, which equates to an overall peritonitis rate of one episode every 19.2 months. The peritonitis rates for APD and CAPD were similar at one episode every 20.3 months and one episode every 18.6 months, respectively. These results include 88 cases of peritonitis due to relapse or re-infection. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.012) in peritonitis rates between units using nasal mupiricin (one episode every 21.9 months) and those that did not (one episode every 18.3 months). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common cause of peritonitis (29%), although this rate is lower than in historic studies. The overall initial cure rate was 75%. The initial cure rate for APD was 77.2% and for CAPD was 73.7%. No causative organism was isolated in 17% of cases. CONCLUSION PD-associated peritonitis is the leading cause of technique failure in Scotland. We validate previous studies showing a decrease in the proportion of peritonitis episodes that are caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. APD peritonitis rates are not significantly better than CAPD peritonitis rates in Scotland, and the initial cure rates for APD and CAPD are similar.
The Player Engagement Process - An Exploration of Continuation Desire in Digital Games

Engagement is an essential element of the player experience, and the concept is described in various ways in the literature. To gain a more detailed comprehension of this multifaceted concept, and in order to better understand what aspects can be used to evaluate engaging game play and to design engaging user experiences, this study investigates one dimension of player engagement by empirically identifying the components associated with the desire to continue playing. Based on a description of the characteristics of player engagement, a series of surveys were developed to discover the components, categories and triggers involved in this process. By applying grounded theory to the analysis of the responses, a process-oriented player engagement framework was developed and four main components consisting of objectives, activities, accomplishments and affects as well as the corresponding categories of engagement, disengagement and their triggers – were identified and rank-ordered.
YB-1 Relocates to the Nucleus in Adenovirus-infected Cells and Facilitates Viral Replication by Inducing E2 Gene Expression through the E2 Late Promoter*

The adenovirus early proteins E1A and E1B-55kDa are key regulators of viral DNA replication, and it was thought that targeting of p53 by E1B-55kDa is essential for this process. Here we have identified a previously unrecognized function of E1B for adenovirus replication. We found that E1B-55kDa is involved in targeting the transcription factor YB-1 to the nuclei of adenovirus type 5-infected cells where it is associated with viral inclusion bodies believed to be sites of viral transcription and replication. We show that YB-1 facilitates E2 gene expression through the E2 late promoter thus controlling E2 gene activity at later stages of infection. The role of YB-1 for adenovirus replication was demonstrated with an E1-minus adenovirus vector containing a YB-1 transgene. In infected cells, AdYB-1 efficiently replicated and produced infectious progeny particles. Thus, adenovirus E1B-55kDa protein and the host cell factor YB-1 act jointly to facilitate adenovirus replication in the late phase of infection.
In vitro antibiogram of multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from Ogbete abattoir effluent in Enugu State, Nigeria

The objective of this study was to isolate and determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from Ogbete abattoir effluent in Enugu State to different classes of antibiotics. Sixty bacterial isolates were obtained from 20 abattoir effluent samples at 4 different points of Ogbete abattoir. The isolated bacteria were identified using standard microbiology techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity test on the isolates was done using MuellerHinton agar (Oxoid, England) by disk diffusion technique. Out of the 60 bacterial isolates obtained from the abattoir, 7(11.7 %) were P. aeruginosa, 13 (21.7 %) were E. coli, 20(33.3 %) were Salmonella spp while 20(33.3 %) were Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that all the bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant as they exhibited resistance to at least two classes of antibiotics. All the S. aureus isolates were completely resistant to oxacillin (100 %) and aztreonam (100 %). Gentamycin, ertapenem and ofloxacin were the most active antibiotics against the Salmonella isolates; ofloxacin and ertapenem were the most effective against E. coli isolates, while gentamycin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective against P. aeruginosa isolates. The presence of these multidrug resistant bacteria in abattoir effluents will pose a serious public health problem if not properly treated before being discharged into the environment. The public health consequences could be grave especially when they enter water bodies which are commonly used for domestic purposes. Thus, it is very imperative that abattoir effluents be properly treated before being discharged into the environment.
The Implicit Meta-Theory That Has Inspired and Restricted LCM Research

Two decades of research on the linguistic category model (LCM) have resulted in considerable empirical evidence that can be organized by distinct paradigms: the linguistic intergroup bias, the linguistic expectancy bias, the question-answering paradigm, and language-based attribution. The present article explicates the metatheory underlying the research that was actually conducted within these paradigms. This metatheory provides the organizing structure for a review of potential LCM research that has not been conducted yet because it does not fit the common metatheory. Untapped LCM research encompasses communication failures, deception, the inclusion of measures of effective communication, and the joint determination of language and cognition by social roles and ecological constraints. Because many of these often overlooked topics are theoretically important and practically useful, they suggest themselves as prominent goals of future research.
High-Grade Malignant Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Differ from Low-Grade Lymphomasin the Extent of Apoptosis andTheir Expression of bcl-2, mcl-1,bax and p53

In this study, we investigated the extent of apoptosis in 82 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 4 reactive follicular hyperplasias and correlated the findings with the extent of apoptosis as determined by the 3′-end labelling method of the apoptotic DNA. To study the influence of apoptosis-regulating proteins bcl-2, bax, mcl-1 and p53 on the extent of apoptosis, we also immunostained the samples with antibodies to them. The results show that there is a significant difference in the extent of apoptosis between low- and high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, the latter on average showing considerably more apoptotic cells (0.38 ± 0.30 and 1.44 ± 1.35%, respectively; p = 0.001). In line with this difference, high-grade lymphomas had significantly more cases with a weak expression of bcl-2 and strong expression of bax (p = 0.00008 and p = 0.016, respectively). They also showed significantly more cases with a positive p53 immunoreactivity (p < 0.00001) and strong mcl-1 immunoreactivity (p = 0.018). The results suggest that apoptosis-affecting genes bcl-2, bax, mcl-1 and p53 all take part in the regulation of apoptosis in malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and contribute to a different level of apoptosis between high- and low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
Central Blood Pressure / Aortic Stiffness Validation of a Brachial Cuff-Based Method for Estimating Central Systolic Blood Pressure

The prognostic value of central systolic blood pressure has been established recently. At present, its noninvasive assessment is limited by the need of dedicated equipment and trained operators. Moreover, ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring of central pressures are not feasible. An algorithm enabling conventional automated oscillometric blood pressure monitors to assess central systolic pressure could be of value. We compared central systolic pressure, calculated with a transfer-function like method (ARCSolver algorithm), using waveforms recorded with a regular oscillometric cuff suitable for ambulatory measurements, with simultaneous high-fidelity invasive recordings, and with noninvasive estimations using a validated device, operating with radial tonometry and a generalized transfer function. Both studies revealed a good agreement between the oscillometric cuff-based central systolic pressure and the comparator. In the invasive study, composed of 30 patients, mean difference between oscillometric cuff/ARCSolverbased and invasive central systolic pressures was 3.0 mm Hg (SD: 6.0 mm Hg) with invasive calibration of brachial waveforms and 3.0 mm Hg (SD: 9.5 mm Hg) with noninvasive calibration of brachial waveforms. Results were similar when the reference method (radial tonometry/transfer function) was compared with invasive measurements. In the noninvasive study, composed of 111 patients, mean difference between oscillometric cuff/ARCSolver–derived and radial tonometry/transfer function–derived central systolic pressures was 0.5 mm Hg (SD: 4.7 mm Hg). In conclusion, a novel transfer function-like algorithm, using brachial cuff-based waveform recordings, is suited to provide a realistic estimation of central systolic pressure. (Hypertension. 2011;58:825-832.) ● Online Data Supplement
Healing Processes in Trauma Narratives: A Review

Re-tellings of the trauma story are a standard component of most current therapeutic interventions with trauma survivors. However, the exact therapeutic processes whereby trauma narratives may facilitate change are not always clearly explicated in the literature. In order to identify these processes, a review was conducted of the published literature on those psychotherapeutic interventions for trauma that centralise the role of the trauma narrative in the recovery process. The review indicates that six therapeutic processes have consistently been proposed through which producing a trauma narrative as part of the therapy process may facilitate recovery from post-trauma pathology: emotional catharsis; the creation of linguistic representation; the habituation of anxiety; empathic witnessing of injustice; developing an explanatory account; and the identification of purpose and value in adversity. The role of the therapist during the trauma re-telling may differ in important ways, depending on the specific therapeutic process that the therapist and client are concerned with at a particular point in therapy. The implications for trauma counsellors, and for future research, are discussed.
Induced production of emericellamides A and B from the marine-derived fungus Emericella sp. in competing co-culture.

Induction of the production of emericellamides A and B (1, 2), by the marine-derived fungus Emericella sp. , was observed during co-culture with the marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola. The planar structures of these new cyclic depsipeptides, which incorporate 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyldecanoic acid and 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyldodecanoic acid, were assigned by combined chemical and spectral methods. The absolute configurations of the amino acids, and those of the chiral centers on the side chain, were established by application of the Marfey's method, by J-based configuration analysis, and by application of the modified Mosher method. Emericellamides A and B show modest antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 3.8 and 6.0 microM, respectively.