Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resource Deployment Stability and Performance in International Research-and-Development Alliances: A Self-Determination Theory Explanation

This study theorizes that resource deployment stability is an influential characteristic in international research-and-development (R&D) alliances. The authors develop and test a model of antecedents and performance outcomes of this form of parental persistence. The model is novel in its use of self-determination theory to investigate self-motivational forces that drive a venturing firm's social integration through resource deployment. The results reveal that resource deployment stability is positively linked to performance satisfaction and schedule adherence. Conflict management is positively linked to resource deployment stability, while behavioral control exerts a positive influence on performance satisfaction, though it is not related to resource deployment stability. Cultural similarity is positively linked to resource deployment stability in older (vs. younger) alliances. However, it is negatively related to schedule adherence in older (vs. younger) alliances. The authors discuss the implications of these results for both theory development and international R&D alliance management.
The saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure in developing countries: A dynamic H–O model under an oligopolistic market structure

This paper constructs an oligopolistic dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) model of a small open economy to analyze the relationship between the saving rate and the upgrade of the trade commodity structure. The analysis shows that the saving rate determines the trade commodity structure of a country in the long-run equilibrium. Furthermore, a developing country with a low capital–labor ratio in the initial state will change from exporting labor-intensive goods in the initial state to exporting capital-intensive goods in the long-run equilibrium if it has a higher saving rate, and this upgrade of trade commodity structure has a social welfare effect under an oligopolistic market structure. The effect of trade policy on the upgrade of the trade commodity structure is uncertain in our model; therefore, a high saving rate is the irreplaceable driving force for trade commodity structure upgrades in developing countries.
Relationship between weekend catch-up sleep and poor performance on attention tasks in Korean adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between insufficient sleep and poor attention in Korean adolescents, adjusting for potential confounding factors of depressed mood and habitual snoring. DESIGN School-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Eight high schools in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 2638 urban high school students (42.2% male and 57.8% female; mean [SD] age, 17.3 [0.6] years [age range, 14-19 years]) completed questionnaires and computerized attention tasks during the school term. EXPOSURE Weekend catch-up sleep. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported sleep schedules and habits, including sleep duration, bedtime, wake-up time, depressed mood, and habitual snoring. Also measured were numbers of omission and commission errors on computerized attention tasks. RESULTS The mean (SD) sleep duration on weekdays was 5 hours 42 minutes (1 hour 0 minutes) per day and on weekends was 8 hours 24 minutes (1 hour 36 minutes) per day. The mean (SD) weekend catch-up sleep was 2 hours 42 minutes (1 hour 42 minutes) per day. After adjusting for age, sex, depressed mood (Beck Depression Inventory score, ≥10), habitual snoring, and weekday sleep duration, increased weekend catch-up sleep was significantly associated with more omission and commission errors on sustained attention tasks (P < .001 and P = .03, respectively) and on divided attention tasks (P = .01 and P = .04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased weekend catch-up sleep as an indicator of insufficient weekday sleep is associated with poor performance on objective attention tasks. Assessment of catch-up sleep and sleep duration may be useful for physicians to evaluate sleep insufficiency and its adverse effects on attention in adolescents.
Cost efficiency and scale economies in the Turkish insurance industry

This article examines the cost efficiency and scale economies of insurance firms in the Turkish insurance industry over a 15-year period, 1990–2004. Using the stochastic cost frontier model, cost efficiency scores and scale economies were estimated for each firm in the sample. The results show that mean cost inefficiencies range between 18.3 and 36.9% of total costs and they do not tend to decrease over time. On average, small firms are more cost efficient than large firms. Economies of scale appear present and significant for any class size. The results suggest that there is a substantial difference in scale economies between small and large insurance firms.
Central City Revitalization: A Predictive Model

The object of this paper is to increase the understanding of the gentrification process by developing a set of representative indices that could be used to assess the likelihood of gentrification occurring in a central city neighborhood. Using Boston, Massachusetts as a representative city, economic, housing, social and amenity variables were collected from the 1970 U.S. Census. A sample of blocks that did and did not revitalize after 1970 was chosen. As the gentrification outcome was known with certainty, a logistic regression model was estimated. The estimated model quite accurately classified the neighborhoods into their respective grouping, resulting in a block-level statistical model of housing revitalization. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.
A glutamate decarboxylase system protects Listeria monocytogenes in gastric fluid

We observed that glutamate greatly enhances the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in gastric fluid, a phenomenon that is directly linked to glutamate decarboxylase activity (GAD). Glutamate‐mediated acid tolerance has been associated in other intestinal genera with the GAD system, in which glutamate is internalized and converted to γ‐aminobutyrate (consuming an intracellular proton) that is subsequently exchanged for another extracellular glutamate via a membrane‐located antiporter. Molecular analysis of L. monocytogenes LO28 revealed the presence of two glutamate decarboxylase homologues, designated gadA and gadB, that are differentially expressed. The gadB gene is co‐transcribed in tandem with an upstream gene, gadC, which encodes a potential glutamate/γ‐aminobutyrate antiporter. Expression of this transcript is upregulated in response to mild acid stress (pH 5.5). In contrast, expression of the monocistronic gadA message was weaker and was not induced by mild acid treatment. Non‐polar deletion mutations resulted in a dramatic decrease in the level of GAD activity and a concomitant decrease in acid resistance in the order LO28 > ΔgadA > ΔgadB = ΔgadC > ΔgadAB for both stationary and logarithmic phase cultures. The exquisite sensitivity of the ΔgadAB mutant to ex vivo porcine and synthetic human gastric fluid demonstrates a clear role for the GAD system in facilitating survival of the organism in the stomach after ingestion and in other low‐pH environments. Furthermore, variations in levels of GAD activity between different strains of L. monocytogenes correlate significantly with levels of tolerance to gastric fluid. Sensitive strains, which include the sequenced L. monocytogenes EGD, exhibit reduced levels of GAD activity. It is clear from this study that expression of GAD by L. monocytogenes strains is an absolute requirement for survival in the stomach environment.
Foreign Policy Views and US Standing in the World

What do Americans think about the US role in world affairs and why do they think the way they do? Americans typically do not think about foreign policy most of the time, and, as a consequence, know relatively little about it (Almond 1950, Lippmann 1955, Converse 1964, Erskine 1963, Edwards 1983, Sobel 1993, Holsti 2004, Canes-Wrone 2006, Page and Bouton 2006, Berinsky 2007). While foreign policy issues can become salient when major international events (like 9/11 and the Iraq War) arise or when political candidates focus on foreign policy (Aldrich, Sullivan and Borgida 1989), ceteris paribus, Americans know and care more about domestic politics (Delli-Carpini and Keeter 1996, Holsti 1994, Canes-Wrone 2006, Converse 1964). Consequently, typical Americans are broadly aware of foreign policy, and have some available attitudes about it (Page and Bouton 2006, Aldrich et al. 1989). However, except in the face of political priming by elites or exogenous shocks, such attitudes may not be broadly accessible when making political decisions, like voting.
STATISTICS OF LONG PERIOD GAS GIANT PLANETS IN KNOWN PLANETARY SYSTEMS

We conducted a Doppler survey at Keck combined with NIRC2 K-band adaptive optics (AO) imaging to search for massive, long-period companions to 123 known exoplanet systems with one or two planets detected using the radial velocity (RV) method. Our survey is sensitive to Jupiter-mass planets out to 20 au for a majority of stars in our sample, and we report the discovery of eight new long-period planets, in addition to 20 systems with statistically significant RV trends that indicate the presence of an outer companion beyond 5 au. We combine our RV observations with AO imaging to determine the range of allowed masses and orbital separations for these companions, and account for variations in our sensitivity to companions among stars in our sample. We estimate the total occurrence rate of companions in our sample to be 52 ± 5% over the range 1–20 MJup and 5–20 au. Our data also suggest a declining frequency for gas giant planets in these systems beyond 3–10 au, in contrast to earlier studies that found a rising frequency for giant planets in the range 0.01–3 au. This suggests either that the frequency of gas giant planets peaks between 3 and 10 au, or that outer companions in these systems have a different semi-major axis distribution than the overall population of gas giant planets. Our results also suggest that hot gas giants may be more likely to have an outer companion than cold gas giants. We find that planets with an outer companion have higher average eccentricities than their single counterparts, suggesting that dynamical interactions between planets may play an important role in these systems.
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION IN INDIA

Temporary labour migration has rarely been studied at macro level despite its high prevalence in India. Drawing from the recently available Indian National Sample Survey (2007–08), this paper aims to study the basic differentials between temporary and permanent labour migration at the national level and examines the socioeconomic determinants of temporary labour migration at the state level. The study shows that temporary migration is seven times larger than permanent migration, and is largely a rural phenomenon dominated by rural to urban migration. A regional pattern in temporary labour migration is evident in the low-income Central and North Indian states. Low economic, educational and social status significantly induces temporary labour migration in contrast to permanent labour migration. As such, temporary labour migration appears to be a survival strategy of the rural poor in India.
Monte-Carlo Tree Search by Best Arm Identification

Recent advances in bandit tools and techniques for sequential learning are steadily enabling new applications and are promising the resolution of a range of challenging related problems. We study the game tree search problem, where the goal is to quickly identify the optimal move in a given game tree by sequentially sampling its stochastic payoffs. We develop new algorithms for trees of arbitrary depth, that operate by summarizing all deeper levels of the tree into confidence intervals at depth one, and applying a best arm identification procedure at the root. We prove new sample complexity guarantees with a refined dependence on the problem instance. We show experimentally that our algorithms outperform existing elimination-based algorithms and match previous special-purpose methods for depth-two trees.
Prospective isolation of human erythroid lineage-committed progenitors

Significance We have identified the first step of erythrocyte lineage commitment in human bone marrow as a CD71intermediate/+ CD105+ cell fraction of a previously defined megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor population. This purification could be a useful tool for studying physiological and pathological red blood cell development, and should be analyzed in patients suffering from anemia or erythrocytosis such as in myelodysplastic syndrome or polycythemia vera. Determining the developmental pathway leading to erythrocytes and being able to isolate their progenitors are crucial to understanding and treating disorders of red cell imbalance such as anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and polycythemia vera. Here we show that the human erythrocyte progenitor (hEP) can be prospectively isolated from adult bone marrow. We found three subfractions that possessed different expression patterns of CD105 and CD71 within the previously defined human megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (hMEP; Lineage− CD34+ CD38+ IL-3Rα− CD45RA−) population. Both CD71− CD105− and CD71+ CD105− MEPs, at least in vitro, still retained bipotency for the megakaryocyte (MegK) and erythrocyte (E) lineages, although the latter subpopulation is skewed in differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Notably, the proliferative and differentiation output of the CD71intermediate(int)/+ CD105+ subset of cells within the MEP population was completely restricted to the erythroid lineage with the loss of MegK potential. CD71+ CD105− MEPs are erythrocyte-biased MEPs (E-MEPs) and CD71int/+ CD105+ cells are EPs. These previously unclassified populations may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing human erythroid development and serve as potential therapeutic targets in disorders of the erythroid lineage.
Corporate governance, accruals quality and stock returns: evidence from the UK

Purpose – This paper aims to identify the most significant governance provision in enhancing the financial information quality of UK listed firms. In addition, it investigates the influence of this governance provision in explaining stock returns of 20 UK industry portfolios. Design/methodology/approach – To identify the main governance provision in enhancing the accruals quality, the paper runs regressions of accruals quality variable on the total governance variable, on the governance provisions individually, and on the governance provisions taken together with and without integrating control variables. Next, Asset Pricing tests are employed to examine the capacity of the audit provision, as proved the most influential governance provision on accruals quality, to explain stock returns. The quantitative approach used in the paper enables to investigate the relationship between corporate governance, accruals quality, and stock returns. Findings – Results indicate that audit provision is the most important.
Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Psychiatric PatientsA Critical Element in Providing Safe Medication Use

Background: Schizophrenia represents a major burden on ental health services globally, and there are nearby 15millioncases in India. The treatment of schizophrenia promises improvement only with long-term medication, but noncompliance,adverse reactionsandinteractions are a major hurdle in thepathway.Methods: A six-month prospective study was conducted at the MDM Hospital, Jodhpur. Schizophrenicpatients(n=205) aged 18-70 years and prescribed with antipsychotics were evaluated for drug interactions (DI) and adversedrug reactions(ADR). Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) were evaluated at baseline and endpoint; weight gain andlipid profile were evaluated at variable time points.Results: In the presentstudy, 463 interactions occurred; 70 were of majorseverity. Antipsychotics were involved in42% of the total interactions, amongst which haloperidol (21.5%), and olanzapine (10.3%) were involved in most,while aripiprazole (3.48%) was involved in least interactions. A total of 194ADRs including 19 severe (5, arrhythmia,4, tremor, and 10, EPS) were reported. Other frequently reported ADRs were insomnia, anxiety, drymouth and EPS. Weight gain in the aripiprazole vs. olanzapine group was 0.23 kg vs. 2.74 kg (p <0.001). Patientson olanzapine vs. aripiprazole experienced elevated total cholesterol (6.7 mg/dl vs. -11.2mg/dl), low densitylipoprotein (4.3 mg/dl vs. -13.2 mg/dl), and triglyceride levels (12.7 mg/dl vs. -22.13mg/dl). Conclusion: Reasons of non-compliance and inadequate clinical improvement in schizophrenia are long-term medication,ADRs and drug interactions. ADRs and interactions were least in aripiprazole prescriptions. Further long-termstudies are required (German J Psychiatry 2011; 14: 26-34).
In Vivo Studies on the Extracellular, and Veratrine‐Releasable, Pools of Endogenous Amino Acids in the Rat Striatum: Effects of Corticostriatal Deafferentation and Kainic Acid Lesion

Abstract: The effects of corticostriatal deafferentation (de‐cortication) and destruction of intrinsic neurons (intrastriatal kainate injection) on the extracellular concentration, and veratrine‐releasable pools, of endogenous amino acids in the rat striatum were examined using the in vivo brain dialysis technique. Intracellular amino acid content was also determined. Decortication reduced selectively intra‐and extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp). Extracellular changes were more pronounced than those in tissue content. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA), tau‐nne (Tau), and phosphoethanolamine (PEA) levels were not affected, whereas nonneuroactive amino acids were increased at 1 week but not at 1 month postlesion. The intracellular pool of Glu and Asp was also reduced in kainate‐lesioned striata. However, extracellular levels of these compounds were not affected significantly by this treatment. The tissue content of all other amino acids was decreased, the most prominent change being in the concentration of GABA. Extracellular GABA concentration was also reduced dramatically, whereas the concentrations of nonneuroactive amino acids were increased to varying degrees. These data suggest that transmitter pools of neuroactive amino acids are an important supply for their extracellular pools. Lesion‐induced alterations in nonneuroactive amino acids are discussed with regard to the loss of metabolic pools, glial reactivity, and changes in blood‐brain bamer transport. Veratrine induced a massive release of neuroactive amino acids such as Glu, Asp, GABA, and Tau into the extracellular fluid, and a delayed increase in PEA. Extracellular levels of neuroactive amino acids were raised slightly. Decortication reduced, selectively, the amounts of Glu and Asp released by veratrine. GABA, Tau, and PEA effluxes were also decreased in kainate‐lesioned striata. These findings are consistent with the proposed roles of an acidic amino acid as the corticostriatal transmitter, and of GABA as a transmitter in intrinsic striatal neurons. The existence of releasable pools of Tau and PEA within kainate‐sensitive striatal neurons would also appear to be likely.
Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation versus Multiple Screw Fixation for Intracapsular Hip Fracture

Purpose To compare dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation with multiple screw fixation for intracapsular hip fractures in terms of complications and conversion to hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Records of 52 884 patients aged ≥50 years who underwent internal fixation using a dynamic hip screw (n=18 014, 34.1%) or multiple screws (n=34 870, 65.9%) for intracapsular femoral neck fracture from September 2007 to September 2013 were extracted from the hospital admission database that covers all admissions to the National Health Service hospitals in England using the ICD-10 and OPCS-4 codes. Gender, age, and Charlson comorbidity score of each patient were recorded, as were complications at specific time intervals and revision to hemiarthroplasty or THA at one and 4 years. Results Compared with DHS fixation, multiple screw fixation resulted in shorter hospital stay (15 vs. 13 days, p<0.001) and lower rates of 30-day myocardial infarction (2% vs. 1.5%, p=0.022), 30-day lower respiratory tract infection (12.4% vs. 10.6%, p=0.001), 90-day mortality (10.4% vs. 8.6%, p=0.001), and avascular necrosis (0.1% vs. 0.06%, p=0.032), but a higher rate of conversion to hemiarthroplasty or THA at one or 4 years (all p<0.001). Conclusion Multiple screw fixation for intracapsular hip fracture was associated with a higher conversion rate to hemiarthroplasty or THA at one and 4 years, compared with DHS fixation.
Managerial ownership, risk, and corporate performance

This study examines the impact of managerial ownership on risk‐taking and firm performance. The study utilizes data for thirty randomly selected companies from four industries in four different sectors. Industries are oil & gas and field services from energy sector; insurance, property, and casualty from the financial sector, drugs from the health sector; and computer and data processing from the technology sector. This yielded a total of 120 observations. Accounting measures and correlation analysis are used to determine the relationship between managerial ownership, risk‐taking, and firm performance in each industry and for the whole sample. We found no significant relationship between these variables in different industries and for the whole sample. Managerial ownership seems to be merely a reflection of the way in which managers receive their benefits. Managerial ownership does not seem to provide any incentive to work harder for improving the company’s performance in the accounting sense.
Insider Ownership and Signals: Evidence from Stock Split Announcement Effects

This study examines whether investors regard the level of insider ownership of a firm as useful for evaluating stock split decisions. Results show that the abnormal returns at the announcement of stock splits are positively related to the level of insider ownership. The results prevail even after controlling for other relevant factors. Further analysis indicates the positive relation exists for small firms, but not for large firms. This indicates the market evaluates stock split decisions within the context of both insider ownership and information asymmetry.
The Fundamentals of the Portuguese Crisis

This paper analyses the fundamentals of the Portuguese crisis. The financial crisis of 2007 worsened and triggered the current Portuguese crisis. We argue that the main problem that the economy is facing is its output stagnation due to a kind of Dutch disease that has created high and increasing levels of indebtedness, low and decreasing levels of saving and has reduced Portuguese competitiveness. Moreover, the existence of a dualist labour market and a new vague of emigration reproduces inefficiency increasing unemployment of younger workers and the supply of human capital abroad funded by the Portuguese taxpayers. Governance problems such as bad public budget governance, lack of transparency and accountability are also at stake and have to be solved to allow the economy to return to its long-run growth path.