Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serendipity in Robbery Target Selection

Drawing from interviews with active robbers (drug robbers and carjackers), this paper explores the role of serendipity in the robbery target selection process. Serendipity is defined as the art of finding something valuable while engrossed in something different (Roberts 1989). The discovery is unanticipated, unexpected and anomalous (Merton and Barber 2006) and may result from decidedly negative experiences. The extent to which robbery targets emerge through ‘pure’ serendipity or a more ‘manufactured’ variety sheds light on the conceptual interface between perception, need, opportunity and rational choice.
Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society

Urban Planning as a Multicultural Canon by Michael A. Burayidi Critical Perspectives on Planning in a Multicultural Society Demographic Shifts and the Challenge for Planners: Insights from a Practitioner by Alvin James Tracking the Planning Profession: From Monistic Planning to Holistic Planning for a Multicultural Society by Michael A. Burayidi Neither Embedded Nor Embodied: Critical Pragmatism and Identity Politics by Robert B. Beauregard The Paradox of Planning in a Multicultural Liberal Society: A Pragmatic Reconciliation by Stanley Stein and Thomas Harper Objectives and Values: Planning for Multicultural Groups Rather than Multiple Constituencies by Peter B. Meyer & Christoper R. Reaves Planning with Ethnic and Cultural Communities Appreciative Planning: An Approach to Planning with Diverse Ethnic and Cultural Groups by Stephen Ameyaw Culture Matters--But It Shouldn't Matter Too Much by Howell S. Baum Multiculturalism in Rural America by Mark Lapping Planning for an Ethnic Minority: The Bedouin Arabs of Israel by Steven Dinero Multicultural Planning in Deed: Lessons from the Mediation Practice of Shirley Solomon and Larry Sherman by John Forester Institutional Responses to Planning in a Multicultural Society The Higher Duty of Local Planning Commissions in a Multicultural Society by David Allor & J. T. Spence Some Thoughts on Incorporating Multiculturalism in Urban Design Education by Siddhartha Sen Federal Urban Programs as Multicultural Planning: The Empowerment Zone Approach by Peter Marcuse Measuring the Stability of Multi-Racial, Multicultural Neighborhoods by Richard A. Smith Index
On the balance between cooperation and interference in dense wireless networks

This paper explores the balance between cooperation through relay nodes and aggregated interference generation in large decentralized wireless networks using decode-and-forward. The source nodes in the network are modeled using a marked Poisson process. We consider the case in which only a single randomly located relay is added to one source in the network and study the outage probability gains obtained. Then, using a simple model, we study the case in which all sources can potentially use their nearest neighbor from the set of inactive nodes as relays, leading to a mixed transmission scheme in which some users employ decode-and-forward and others employ direct transmission. The optimal relay activation probability for the second case is found, observing that in the small outage probability regime it exhibits a binary behavior, being zero or one. Comparing both scenarios we conclude that activating more relays rapidly reduces the gains observed when only one source can use a relay. We derive closed-form approximations to the upper bounds on the error probability, averaging over all node positions and fading gains realizations, to support our claims.
Measuring the Impact of Student Interaction With Student Affairs Professionals on Socially Responsible Leadership Development in the First Year of College

Abstract Using longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education, this research explored the impact of students’ interactions with student affairs professionals on socially responsible leadership development during the first year of college. Overall, students’ interactions with student affairs professionals were associated positively with growth on all measures of socially responsible leadership. Implications for research and practice in higher education and student affairs are discussed.
Mood Fluctuations: Women Versus Men and Menstrual Versus Other Cycles

Mood fluctuations in women and men were studied both prospectively and retrospectively to determine whether cyclic changes occur over phases of the menstrual cycle, lunar cycle, and/or days of the week. The participants (15 women using oral contraceptives, 12 normally cycling women, and 15 men), who did not know the purpose of the study, recorded the pleasantness, arousal, and stability of their moods daily for 70 days (concurrent data). Later they recalled (retrospective data) their average mood for each day of the week and phase of the menstrual cycle (women only). The only evidence of mood fluctuation over the menstrual cycle in the concurrent reports was that normally cycling women reported more pleasant moods in the follicular and menstrual phase than did men and women on oral contraceptives. Women's moods fluctuated less over the menstrual cycle than over days of the week. Recollections of menstrual mood changes differed from actual changes: Women recalled more pleasant moods in the follicular phase and more unpleasant moods in the premenstrual and menstrual phases than they had reported concurrently. Bias also was evident in recollections of weekday mood fluctuations: Weekend highs were exaggerated and Monday blues were reported even though they were not reported concurrently. There was no evidence of mood fluctuations over the lunar cycle and the groups did not differ in mood stability. The retrospective reporting bias for both the menstrual cycle and days of week suggests the influence of stereotypes about moods. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Assessment Center Dimensions: A Conceptual and Empirical Reexamination of the Assessment Center Construct-Related Validity Paradox

This study notes that the lack of convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center ratings in the presence of content-related and criterion-related validity is paradoxical within a unitarian framework of validity. It also empirically demonstrates an application of generalizability theory to examining the convergent and discriminant validity of assessment center dimensional ratings. Generalizability analyses indicated that person, dimension, and person by dimension effects contribute large proportions of variance to the total variance in assessment center ratings. Alternately, exercise, rater, person by exercise, and dimension by exercise effects are shown to contribute little to the total variance. Correlational and confirmatory factor analyses results were consistent with the generalizability results. This provides strong evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the assessment center dimension ratings–a finding consistent with the conceptual underpinnings of the unitarian view of validity and inconsistent with previously reported results. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The Death Depression Scale-Revised. Preliminary Empirical Validation of the Spanish Form

The purpose of this study was to translate Templer et al.'s Death Depression Scale-Revised into Spanish and to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of Spanish students. The Death Depression Scale-Revised is a 21-item Likert format questionnaire that could also be applied in true-false format. The Spanish form of the scale was answered by 342 psychology and nursing undergraduates, obtaining a Cronbach's coefficient alpha of . 90, and test-retest correlation over four weeks was . 87. The first solution of a principal components analysis yielded four significant factors with Eigenvalues greater than one that accounted for 59.3% of the variance. These factors were called, respectively: anergia and vacuum, death sadness, others' death, and anhedonia. The results show that the Spanish adaptation of the Death Depression Scale-Revised has an adequate internal consistency, criterion-validity, and a coherent factorial structure.
The Link between Bank Equity , Bank Lending , and Real Activity

This paper focuses on the critical role commercial banks, an important subset of all financial intermediaries, play in the propagation and magnification of shocks to the real economy. Using the Call Report data that is disaggregated across banks and loan types, the behavior of bank equity capital, bank lending, and real activity are examined in response to both interest rate shocks (monetary contractions) and oil price shocks. Results using nationallevel data show that bank equity experiences a large decline in response to these shocks even when one corrects for the endogenous response due to the downturn in real activity. Also, consistent with the narrow credit view, total loans (corrected for the downturn in real activity) decrease. However, when two components of total loans are considered, in particular real estate and commercial and industrial (C & I) loans, I find that the opposite is true for (C & I) loans. That is, during periods of higher interest rates there is a strong substitution out of real estate loans and into C & I loans that cannot be explained by changes in the demand of these loan components caused by changes in real activity. Additional results using a regional empirical framework that exploits the cross-sectional variation across geographical regions provides further evidence documenting the importance of bank equity for bank lending and real activity. A simple theoretical model is developed that shows how a financial intermediary’s concern for its current bank equity position when interest rates are unexpectedly high is paramount to understanding this loan substitution behavior.
Urine cytology in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A 52-year-old man presented with an episode of diarrhea followed by generalized swelling of the body and acute onset of oliguria. Past history revealed mild pedal edema for the past 3 years, which was not evaluated. His investigations revealed moderate anaemia (Hemoglobin, 7.0 gm/ dl), with total leucocyte count of 4,200/ml and a decreased platelet count (1 lakh/cumm). The peripheral blood smear was unremarkable except for the presence of mild polychromatophilic macrocytosis with increased reticulocyte count (3.5%). Renal parameters showed elevated blood urea (240 mg/dl) and creatinine (9.6 mg/dl) levels. Centrifuged urine sediment examination revealed 4–8 pus cells per high power field and frequent granular casts. No intact red blood cells were identified in the sediment. However, a chemical analysis revealed presence of occult blood and increased urobilinogen in the sample. A suspicion of haemolytic anemia prompted a microscopic examination of the urine sediment stained with Perl’s Prussian blue stain. Blue stained granules were identified in several epithelial cells (Fig. C1) and occasional tubular epithelial cell casts (Fig. C2) suggesting presence of hemosiderin in the tubular filtrate. A thorough hematologic workup for intravascular hemolysis subsequently revealed increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (480 IU/L) and indirect bilirubin levels (2.1 mg/dl) with a negative Coomb’s test. A possibility of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) was suggested by a positive Ham’s test and confirmed by lack of CD55 and CD59 on flow cytometry.
[μ-N,N′-Bis(3-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)propane-1,3-diamine]trinitratocopper(II)terbium(III) acetone solvate

In the title complex, [CuTb(C19H20N2O4)(NO3)3]·CH3COCH3, the CuII atom is four-coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms from the deprotonated Schiff base in a square-planar geometry, while the TbIII atom is ten-coordinated by four O atoms from the deprotonated Schiff base and six O atoms from three bidentate nitrate anions. The compound is isostructural with the previously reported GdIII analogue [Elmali & Elerman (2004 ▶). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 59, 535–540], which was described in the space group P1 with two formula units in the asymmetric unit. The crystal stucture is, in fact, centrosymmetric and is described here in the space group P with one formula unit in the asymmetric unit.
Decomposition of the Market-to-Book Ratio : Theory and Evidence

We decompose the Market-to-Book ratio into two additive component ratios: a Conservatism Correction factor and a Future-to-Book ratio. The Conservatism Correction factor exceeds the benchmark value of one whenever the accounting for past transactions has been subject to an (unconditional) conservatism bias. For the Future-to-Book ratio, the benchmark value is zero for firms that are not expected to make economic profits in the future. Our analysis derives a number of structural properties of the Conservatism Correction factor, including its sensitivity to growth in past investments, the percentage of investments in intangibles and the firm’s cost of capital. The observed history of these variables allows us to infer the magnitude of a firm’s Conservatism Correction factor, resulting in an average value for this factor that is about two-thirds of the overall Market-to-Book ratio. We test the hypothesized structural properties of the Conservatism Correction factor by forming an estimate of this variable which is obtained as the difference between the observed Marketto-Book ratio and an independent estimate of the Future-to-Book ratio.
What Is Behind Smoking Among Pharmacy Students: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study From Turkey

This study, performed in two phases, compared the smoking status of first- and last-year pharmacy students and identified underlying factors of smoking using both “quantitative” and “qualitative” research techniques. The quantitative phase was a cross-sectional study with 207 students (of these, 102 were first-year and 105 were last-year students). The mean age at which first-year students tried tobacco/tobacco products was 14.1 ± 3.2 and for last-year students, 16.0 ± 2.4. The students completed an 18-item questionnaire at the end of the spring semester in May 2004. Chi-square and t-test analyses were used for statistical comparisons. Furthermore, focus group discussion techniques were used to find out the underlying factors of smoking in the second phase.
Feasibility study using a natural compound (reuterin) produced by Lactobacillus reuteri in sterilizing and crosslinking biological tissues.

Bioprostheses derived from biological tissues have to be fixed and subsequently sterilized before they can be implanted in humans. Currently available crosslinking agents and sterilants used in the fixation or sterilization of biological tissues such as glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are all highly cytotoxic, which may impair the biocompatibility of bioprostheses. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an agent suitable for use in biomedical applications that is of low cytotoxicity and may form sterile and biocompatible crosslinked products. To achieve this goal, a natural compound (reuterin), produced by Lactobacillus reuteri in the presence of glycerol, was used by our group. It is known that reuterin has antibacterial, antimycotic, and antiprotozoal activities. Additionally, as in the case with formaldehyde, reuterin may react with the free amino groups in biological tissues by using its aldehyde functional group. Therefore, it was speculated that reuterin could be used as a crosslinking agent and a sterilant for biological tissues in the same way as glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde. In the study, the production of reuterin, produced by Lactobacillus reuteri under control conditions, was reported. Preparative chromatography was used to purify reuterin. Also, the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of reuterin and its antimicrobial activity on a contaminated tissue were investigated. In addition, the cytotoxicity of reuterin was evaluated. Glutaraldehyde, the most commonly used sterilant in the sterilization of biological tissues, was employed as a control. Furthermore, the feasibility of using reuterin as a crosslinking agent in fixing biological tissues was studied. Fresh and the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues were used as controls. The results obtained in the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration studies and in the sterilization study of a contaminated tissue indicated that the antimicrobial activity of reuterin is significantly superior to its glutaraldehyde counterpart. In addition, the results obtained in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that reuterin is significantly less cytotoxic than glutaraldehyde. Additionally, it was found that reuterin is an effective crosslinking agent for biological tissue fixation. The reuterin-fixed tissue had comparable free amino group content, denaturation temperature, and resistance against enzymatic degradation as the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study indicate that reuterin is an effective agent in the sterilization and fixation of biological tissues.
The role of adalimumab in rheumatic and autoimmune disorders: comparison with other biologic agents

Adalimumab (ADA) is a biologic medication that dampens inflammatory pathways by binding to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved ADA as a medication for use in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This year marks 10 years of clinical experience with ADA. Long-term extension studies of some of the initial clinical trials, as well as data from large patient registries, are demonstrating ongoing benefit for responders. Potential side effects such as increased risk of infection, lymphoma, congestive heart failure, and demyelination continue to be examined, as the available data are not unanimous in showing an increase in incidence. In balancing both the advantages and the disadvantages of using ADA, the drug’s overall effectiveness and its availability for use in patients with hepatic or renal comorbidities are weighed against the high cost. ADA is expected to have a leading role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions for years to come. Future studies will need to address the optimal sequence of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics to use, combinations of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics, and head-to-head comparisons of biologics in clinical trials. For those who go into clinical remission on an anti-tumor necrosis factor medication, unanswered questions remain about identifying the patients who can maintain the remission off all drugs, or at least off injected medication. Given the cost of biologic drugs, even studies that increase the interval between drug doses in well-controlled patients could provide financial benefits.
What do Alternative Measures of Peer Behavior Tell Us? Examining the Discriminant Validity of Multiple Methods of Measuring Peer Deviance and the Implications for Etiological Models

Deviant behavior tends to be more strongly correlated with respondents’ perceptions of peer deviance than with actual peer deviance. However, research has yet to discern between two interpretations of this finding. On one hand, respondent perceptions of peer deviance may simply be “biased” indicators of actual peer behavior or alternative measures of one’s own deviance. On the other, respondent perceptions and actual peer deviance may reflect fundamentally separate constructs. The present study uses two separate statistical methods to discern the empirical validity of each interpretation. It then illustrates the importance of the measurement results with a series of cross-lagged panel analyses assessing how a researcher’s operationalization of peer deviance impinges upon conclusions about the bidirectional relationship between personal and peer deviance. Measurement results across two separate behavioral domains (property crime and substance use) suggest that actual peer deviance items reflect a construct fundamentally separate from both personal and perceived peer deviance. Likewise, results fail to support the claim that peer deviance items are simply alternative measures of one’s own deviance. Cross-lagged structural equation results are consistent with the notion that personal deviance affects both later perceptions of peer deviance and actual peer deviance. Yet, null or very weak effects of either peer deviance measure on personal deviance are observed. In light of our findings, we discuss the necessity for new theorizing concerning the complex relations among personal behavior, perceived peer behavior, and actual peer behavior.
Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

Abstract A prospective study of hearing loss in 120 cases with non-explosive blast injury of the ear, gathered over a six-year period, is presented. Thirty-three (27.5 per cent) patients had normal hearing, 57 (47.5 per cent) conductive hearing loss, 29 (24.2 per cent) mixed loss and one (0.8 per cent) had pure sensorineural loss. The severity of conductive hearing loss correlated with the size of the eardrum perforation; only a marginal difference was found between water and air pressure injuries, with respect to this type of hearing loss. Of all locations, perforations involving the posterior-inferior quadrant of the eardrum were associated with the largest air-bone gap. Audiometric assessment revealed that none of the patients suffered ossicular chain damage. Three patterns of sensorineural hearing loss were identified: a dip at a single frequency, two separate dips, and abnormality of bone conduction in several adjacent high frequencies. Involvement of several frequencies was associated with a more severe hearing loss than a dip in a single frequency. Healing of the perforation was always accompanied by closure of the air-bone gap, while the recovery of the sensorineural hearing loss was less favourable.
Experimentally Evaluating the Impact of a School-Based African-Centered Emancipatory Intervention on the Ethnic Identity of African American Adolescents

Ethnic identity, the extent to which one defines one’s self as a member of a particular ethnic group, has been found to be an important predictor of African American adolescents’ psychological and behavioral well-being. This study experimentally examined the effects of a school-based emancipatory intervention on the ethnic identity of African American adolescents. Using a promising education framework drawn from elements of East African Ujamaa philosophy and practice, the intervention was provided to a randomly selected group of 32 eighth graders in a predominately African American inner-city mainstream public school and then compared to a randomly selected group of 33 eighth graders in a regularly scheduled life skills class from the same population. Contrary to expectations, growth trajectory modeling indicated that participants’ ethnic identity significantly decreased throughout the intervention compared to youth in the control group. Intervention and evaluation challenges are discussed as are implications for future practice and research.