Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular, morphological and behavioural data reveal the presence of a cryptic species in the widely studied Drosophila serrata species complex

The Drosophila serrata species complex from Australia and New Guinea has been widely used in evolutionary studies of speciation and climatic adaptation. It is believed to consist of D. serrata, D. birchii and D. dominicana, although knowledge of the latter is limited. Here we present evidence for a previously undescribed cryptic member of the D. serrata species complex. This new cryptic species is widespread in far north Queensland, Australia and is likely to have been previously mistaken for D. serrata. It shows complete reproductive isolation when crossed with both D. serrata and D. birchii. The cryptic species can be easily distinguished from D. serrata and D. birchii using either microsatellite loci or visual techniques. Although it occurs sympatrically with both D. serrata and D. birchii, it differs from these species in development time, viability, wing size and wing morphology. Its discovery explains patterns of recently described mitochondrial DNA divergence within D. serrata, and may also help to clarify some ambiguities evident in early evolutionary literature on reproductive incompatibility within the D. serrata species complex.
Self-aligned, Extremely High Frequency Iii−v Metal-oxide- Semiconductor Field-effect Transistors on Rigid and Flexible Substrates

This paper reports the radio frequency (RF) performance of InAs nanomembrane transistors on both mechanically rigid and flexible substrates. We have employed a self-aligned device architecture by using a T-shaped gate structure to fabricate high performance InAs metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with channel lengths down to 75 nm. RF measurements reveal that the InAs devices made on a silicon substrate exhibit a cutoff frequency (f t) of ∼165 GHz, which is one of the best results achieved in III−V MOSFETs on silicon. Similarly, the devices fabricated on a bendable polyimide substrate provide a f t of ∼105 GHz, representing the best performance achieved for transistors fabricated directly on mechanically flexible substrates. The results demonstrate the potential of III−V-on-insulator platform for extremely high-frequency (EHF) electronics on both conventional silicon and flexible substrates. T he growing demand on larger bandwidth for wireless communications has stimulated the quest for transistors that can be operated at fastest possible frequencies. Besides the conventional silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), 1 various types of nanomaterial systems including carbon nanotubes, 2−7 graphene, 8−11 and III−V nanowires 12−14 have been heavily explored for radio frequency (RF) applications. However, none of these material platforms have yet offered transistors that can surpass the performance achieved in III−V high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). 15−20 The record-high cutoff frequency (f t) for InAs-based HEMTs has already reached 644 GHz for 30 nm long devices on InP substrates. 17 Despite the tremendous success in III−V HEMT research, the platform still has a few inherent limitations. First of all, sophisticated epitaxial growth is needed to grow multiple layers with desired chemical compositions in order to form the quantum well structures. Second, due to the use of epitaxial processes, the selection of substrate is limited to expensive III−V bulk substrates such as InP or GaAs, or in some cases, silicon with thick buffer layers. Third, such HEMT devices are not compatible with flexible electronics, which has attracted significant amount of interest recently. In light of the above-described limitations faced by III−V HEMTs, we have previously reported a III−V-on-insulator, or " XOI " approach, 21 which enables the transfer of ultrathin, two-dimensional III−V membranes to virtually any type of handling substrate using a facile contact printing process. 22,23 The use of the ultrathin III−V membranes allows optimal gate control and offers transistors with minimal short channel effects, which is especially important for a small bandgap semiconductor such …
Rebels without borders in the Rwenzori borderland? A biography of the Allied Democratic Forces

Abstract This article provides a detailed analysis of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a Ugandan rebel movement that is operating from Congolese soil but so far has attracted very limited scholarly attention. Having its roots in Ugandan Islamic community, it has become part of larger transborder dynamics of rebellion and resistance. It is argued that although its institution is linked to several internal dynamics in Uganda, the movement's character has been largely shaped by the specific characteristics of the Uganda–DRC Rwenzori borderland, where it became a key player of local power struggles and conflicts. The article provides a detailed account of the origins, characteristics and strategies of the ADF, its integration into Congolese society and its impact on local and regional dynamics of conflict.
Hypoxia and differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix: pimonidazole and involucrin.

PURPOSE Pimonidazole binding (hypoxia) and involucrin expression (differentiation) overlap extensively in squamous cell carcinomas. This study asks whether involucrin might serve as an endogenous marker for tumor hypoxia. A second question is whether differentiation affects hypoxia-inducible metallothionein (MT) expression in normal human epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas as it does in rodent epithelia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were infused with pimonidazole hydrochloride solution. The next day, multiple biopsies were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and sectioned at 4 micro m. Qualitative and quantitative analyses for involucrin expression, pimonidazole binding, and human MT-IIa mRNA expression were performed. RESULTS No overall correlation between the extent of involucrin expression and pimonidazole binding was observed. The lack of correlation was because of heterogeneous patterns of immunostaining for involucrin generally related to tumor grade. Colocalized immunostaining for involucrin and pimonidazole binding was observed in intermediate grade tumors but not in well-differentiated or poorly differentiated tumors. Human MT-IIa mRNA and MT protein were expressed in basal lamina of normal human epithelia and in the proliferative rims of tumor nests. CONCLUSIONS Colocalization of immunostaining for involucrin and pimonidazole binding is consistent with oxygen regulation, but the lack of involucrin expression in hypoxic regions of poorly differentiated tumors indicates that its transcriptional status with respect to hypoxia induction is altered by cell differentiation. The localization of MT message and protein in the outer rims of most tumor nests indicates that the transcriptional status of metallothionein is also altered by differentiation.
Adenosine Triphosphate-Dependent Calcium Uptake by Rat Submaxillary Gland Microsomes

Microsomes from rat submaxillary glands are able to take up calcium from the suspension media. Calcium uptake is greatly increased by the presence of ATP. This effect of ATP is not detected at 0°C. ADP cannot replace ATP to potentiate calcium uptake. ATP-dependent calcium uptake is not observed in the absence of magnesium. ATP-dependent calcium uptake is enhanced by oxalate and, to a lesser degree, by inorganic phosphate. Total calcium per milligram of microsomal protein observed when tests were performed without oxalate closely parallels the amounts for skeletal and cardiac muscles reported by several authors. Calcium uptake in salivary gland microsomes is slower than in muscle microsomes. Speculations are considered about the role of ATP-dependent calcium uptake. It is suggested that a decrease in intracellular free calcium levels returns these cells to the resting state after secretion.
Public and Catholic Schooling: The Effects of Gender Context Policy

The relative effectiveness of public and Catholic schools is now a matter of increasing public interest. Previous research has been confined to a strategy that treats all Catholic schools as a single type. This paper compares school effects for three types of schools--single-sex Catholic, mixed-sex Catholic, and mixed-sex public. The argument set forth is that single-sex schools operate with a reduced adolescent subculture and a greater number of successful academic role models, making possible better academic instruction and higher academic standards. Hence, it is proposed that students in single-sex schools will outperform students in mixed-sex schools in academic concerns. The hypothesis is tested using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. On average, Catholic single-sex schools are nearly twice as effective as Catholic mixed-sex schools. The effect of sex per se, however, is different. In vocabulary and reading, females in Catholic single-sex schools outperform females in Catholic mixed-sex schools relative to public school females. Males in Catholic single-sex schools do better than males in Catholic mixed-sex schools in math and ultimately in educational attainment. These results temper earlier reports of a general Catholic school advantage over public schools and suggest the need to halt temporarily the closing of single-sex schools.
Comparison of Service Effectiveness for Youth With Depressed Versus Nondepressed Caregivers

Purpose: (1) To compare demographic, mental health, service usage, and emotional and behavioral characteristics and strengths of youth receiving care from depressed versus nondepressed caregivers and (2) to determine whether a community-based program for reducing problematic behaviors and bolstering strengths is equally effective for youth with depressed versus nondepressed caregivers. Methods: Data from 165 caregiver–youth dyads were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 tests, unpaired t-tests, and paired t-tests to determine pretreatment differences between groups and differences in youth outcomes over time. Results: Results indicated that youth with depressed caregivers accessed different services, exhibited more problematic behaviors, and possessed fewer strengths. However, youth with depressed caregivers also showed significantly more improvement over time than did youth with nondepressed caregivers. Discussion: Findings suggest that additional outreach to depressed caregivers about available services is needed. Additionally, caregiver depression may not always have as negative of an impact on youth outcomes as previously thought.
The influence of the network topology on the agility of a supply chain

The right performance of a supply chain depends on the pattern of relationships among firms. Although there is not a general consensus among researchers yet, many studies point that scale-free topologies, where few highly related firms are combined with many low-related firms, assure the highest efficiency of a supply chain. This paper studies the network topology that leads to the highest agility of the supply chain when sudden demand changes occur. To do this, an agent-based model of a supply chain with restricted relationship between agents is built. The model includes three tiers, where the flow of material is distributed from the bottom supplier to the final customer passing necessarily through firms in every tier. Agility is measured in the model simulations through the order fulfillment rate. Unlike to previous theoretical and lab results, the simulation of the model shows that the highest levels of agility are not obtained with a scale-free topology. Instead, homogeneous distribution of links, such as those induced by regular or Poisson probability laws, shows higher agility values than heterogeneous distributions. Other previous recommendations, such as redundancy or having multiple suppliers, are confirmed by the simulations. The general conclusion is that the most suitable network topology in terms of agility depends on the specific conditions of the supply chain and the aspects of the performance to be analyzed.
Identification of gene expression changes associated with the progression of retinal degeneration in the rd1 mouse.

PURPOSE One approach to gaining insight into the biological pathways contributing to rod and cone photoreceptor death is to identify patterns of gene expression changes. In the present study, a custom retinal microarray was developed to analyze the rd1 mouse, a well-characterized animal model of human retinal degeneration. METHODS A microarray was constructed containing cDNA fragments corresponding to genes known or postulated to be involved in normal retinal function, development, and disease. Gene expression in rd1 retina was compared with age-matched control retinas at three time points: the peak of rod degeneration (postnatal day [P]14), early in cone degeneration (P35), and during cone degeneration (P50). Selected microarray results were confirmed with real-time PCR. The cellular distribution of one of the differentially expressed genes, dickkopf 3 (Dkk3), was assessed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS At each stage of degeneration, there was only limited overlap of the genes that showed increased expression, suggesting the involvement of temporally distinct molecular pathways. Genes active in transport mechanisms and in signaling pathways were differentially expressed during rod degeneration, whereas genes with functions in protein modification and cellular metabolism were differentially expressed during cone degeneration. Increased expression of genes involved in cell proliferation pathways and oxidative stress was observed at each time point. CONCLUSIONS These microarray results provide clues to understanding the molecular pathways underlying photoreceptor degeneration and indicate directions for future studies. In addition, comparisons of normal and degenerated retina identified numerous genes and ESTs that are potentially enriched in rod photoreceptors.
Staffing Call Centers with Impatient Customers: Refinements to Many-Server Asymptotics

In call centers it is crucial to staff the right number of agents so that the targeted service levels are met. These staffing problems typically lead to constraint satisfaction problems that are hard to solve. During the last decade, a beautiful many-server asymptotic theory has been developed to solve such problems for large call centers, and optimal staffing rules are known to obey the square-root staffing principle. This paper presents refinements to many-server asymptotics and this staffing principle for a Markovian queueing model with impatient customers.
Early Mortality Following Endovascular Versus Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Purpose: To determine whether endovascular repair (EVAR) offers a survival advantage over open repair (OAR) with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA). Methods: Retrospective analysis of RAAA patients treated between 2003 and 2008. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: 167 patients presented with RAAA (OAR = 135, 80.8%, EVAR = 32, 19.2%). On univariate analysis, EVAR was associated with a decreased mortality relative to OAR, (15.6% vs 43.7%, P = .004). Patients who survived were younger (P < .0005), had a higher blood pressure (P < .0005), level of consciousness (P < .0005), and hemoglobin (P = .018), and a lower urea (P = .005) and international normalized ratio (INR; P = .001). On multivariate analysis, type of repair remained an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR: 0.121; 95% CI: 0.021-0.682, P = .017). Conclusion: Controlling for preoperative factors, EVAR is an independent predictor of lower 30 day mortality relative to open repair after RAAA. This supports the wider use of endovascular repair in all patients with RAAA.
How to Learn a Graph from Smooth Signals

We propose a framework that learns the graph structure underlying a set of smooth signals. Given $X\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ whose rows reside on the vertices of an unknown graph, we learn the edge weights $w\in\mathbb{R}_+^{m(m-1)/2}$ under the smoothness assumption that $\text{tr}{X^\top LX}$ is small. We show that the problem is a weighted $\ell$-1 minimization that leads to naturally sparse solutions. We point out how known graph learning or construction techniques fall within our framework and propose a new model that performs better than the state of the art in many settings. We present efficient, scalable primal-dual based algorithms for both our model and the previous state of the art, and evaluate their performance on artificial and real data.
How can Product Text Snippets Benefit from Online Customer Reviews?

Product text snippets should highlight the product features that are appealing to customers. Nevertheless, the features in current product snippets mainly are often decided based on the understanding of vendors or advertisers, and may fail to contain the features appealing to customers. This paper investigates how product text snippets generation can benefit from online customer reviews. In doing so, an automated method is designed, in which features and the opinions are extracted from online reviews, and are further used for product text snippet generation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct two experiments and the results show that the extracted features and the snippet are effective in inviting potential customers, compared with the baseline ones. Experimental results demonstrate that 1) the extracted features are more appealing to customers; and 2) the snippets generated based on the extracted features are more likely to be clicked.
Processes That Mediate the Relationship Between a Group Goal and Group Member Performance

The impact of a group goal on the performance of anonymous and nonin- teracting group members performing an additive group task was tested. Pro- cesses believed to mediate the effect, the role of self-set individual goals, the impact of information about the group's previous performance on the task (group knowledge of results; GRPKR) on goal commitment, and the motiva- tional basis of the goal were also assessed. Seventeen groups of three to five people performed two trials of an idea generation task. In the GOAL/GRPKR condition, group members were assigned a group goal for Session 2 and received information about the group's performance for Session 1. In the goal without knowledge of results (GOAL/NOKR) condition, group mem- bers were assigned a group goal for Session 2 without GRPKR. In the NO- GOAL condition, group members worked without a goal and without GRPKR. In each condition, group members worked on the task without talk- ing to other group members and individual contributions to the group prod- .
Mutually compensatory property of multimedia QoS

This paper studies user-level (or perceptual) QoS for multimedia applications over the Internet and demonstrates that media can compensate for each other from a perceptual point of view. For this study, we formulate the problem of the mutually compensatory property in terms of QoS mapping relation between application-level and user-level; we then conduct a simple experiment on lip synchronization to investigate the property. As a result, we observe the existence of the mutually compensatory property between voice and video. It is also shown that the property exists within a limited range of combinations of application-level QoS parameters. Furthermore, we point out the advantage of QoS control utilizing the property.
Molecular basis of growth cone adhesion: anchoring of adheron- containing filaments at adhesive loci

Adhesive contacts made by filopodia of neuronal growth cones are essential for proper neurite elongation and may have a role in the formation of synaptic junctions. Previously we described the appearance of filamentous materials extending from growth cone surfaces that seem to be associated with the strongly adhesive behavior of filopodia (Tsui, H.-C., K. L. Lankford, and W. L. Klein. 1985. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:8256-8260). Here, we have used immunogold labeling to determine whether known adhesive molecules might be localized at points of adhesion and possibly be constituents of the filamentous material. Antibodies to an adhesive molecule (neural cell adhesion molecule [N- CAM]) and to an adhesive macromolecular complex of proteins and proteoglycans (adheron) were localized at the EM level in whole mounts of cultured avian retina cells. Labeling of fixed cells showed that N- CAM and adheron molecules were both present on growth cones and on filopodia. However, filamentous materials extending from the cell surface were labeled with anti-adheron but not with anti-N-CAM. If cells were labeled before fixation, patches of anti-N-CAM labeling occurred in random areas over the growth cones, but adheron antibodies concentrated at points of apparent adhesion. Particularly dense clustering of anti-adheron occurred at individual filopodial tips and at points of contact between pairs of filopodia. The different patterns of labeling imply that N-CAMS do not associate with the main antigenic components of adheron on the membrane surface. Most importantly, the data indicate the N-CAMs were mobile in the membrane but that constituents of adherons were anchored at adhesive loci. An appealing hypothesis is that molecules found in adheron preparations have an important role in establishing the adhesive junctions formed by growth cone filopodia.
Defining a tri-dimensional role for leadership in further education colleges

This article presents a review of current leadership practices of principals in further education colleges and suggests that principalship is more than a two-dimensional functional model comprising internal or externally focused activities. During the past 20 years further education leadership has become more demanding, with greater accountability imposed by a state-controlled system and, as Hargreaves and Fink (2005) suggest, this has impacted on the number of individuals entering senior leadership posts. In light of these changes it is appropriate to review the role of the principal and what is known about the way the role has changed. As a result of the way in which principalship has evolved, this article introduces a tri-dimensional model of principalship − first by reflecting on leadership practices of college principals and identifying the key elements of their role, and second by suggesting that college principalship compasses three theoretical aspects: a public, an internal–public and an internal–private.
“What Is a Good Musician?” An Analysis of Student Beliefs

The purpose of this study was to discover relationships in student perceptions of what it means to be a “good musician” across grade level, with regard to gender, and according to different school music affiliations among an intact school culture. The specific problems were to determine (1) what percentage of students choose to participate in school music, (2) if there is a trend in self-reported good musicianship across grade levels, (3) if there is a relationship between gender and music self-efficacy, and (4) which factors defining “good musician” are indicated most frequently across different grade levels. Subjects (N = 1,219) were students grades 4 through 12 at a moderate-size, suburban school district in the midwestern United States. Subjects were administered an online researcher-devised survey protocol inquiring about areas of musicianship. Results indicate that a majority (56%) of students chose not to participate in school music, that student self-perceptions of being a good musician decreased in relationship to grade level, that girls indicated being a good musician significantly more than boys (p < .0001), and that the category “Performs/practices an instrument” was the most cited response for each grade level.