Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing the applicability of neural networks as a gap-filling method using CH 4 flux data from high latitude wetlands

Since the advancement in CH4 gas analyser tech- nology and its applicability to eddy covariance flux mea- surements, monitoring of CH4 emissions is becoming more widespread. In order to accurately determine the greenhouse gas balance, high quality gap-free data is required. Currently there is still no consensus on CH4 gap-filling methods, and methods applied are still study-dependent and often carried out on low resolution, daily data. In the current study, we applied artificial neural networks to six distinctively different CH 4 time series from high lati- tudes, explain the method and test its functionality. We dis- cuss the applicability of neural networks in CH4 flux studies, the advantages and disadvantages of this method, and what information we were able to extract from such models. Three different approaches were tested by including drivers such as air and soil temperature, barometric air pres- sure, solar radiation, wind direction (indicator of source lo- cation) and in addition the lagged effect of water table depth and precipitation. In keeping with the principle of parsi- mony, we included up to five of these variables tradition- ally measured at CH4 flux measurement sites. Fuzzy sets were included representing the seasonal change and time of day. High Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of up to 0.97 achieved in the final analysis are indicative for the high per- formance of neural networks and their applicability as a gap- filling method for CH 4 flux data time series. This novel ap- proach which we show to be appropriate for CH4 fluxes is a step towards standardising CH4 gap-filling protocols.
Perioperative Allogenenic Blood Transfusion is Associated With Worse Clinical Outcome for Patients Undergoing Gastric Carcinoma Surgery

AbstractWhether perioperative allogenic blood transfusion (ABT) has adverse effect on patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) surgery or not, that is controversial. Our study evaluated the association between ABT and some clinical outcomes of GC surgery patients.Data of relevant studies were based on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library search. The relative risk (RR) of 5-year survival rates, tumor recurrence, and postoperative complications were performed; subgroup analyses included district, transfusion rates, age, participants, sex, and tumor stage.The study was approved by the ethics committee of the First People's Hospital of Shunde.In total, 9189 participants from 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The 5-year survival rate was decreased for the GC patients with ABT (RR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.79), the risk of tumor recurrence was significantly higher for ABT patients (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.32–2.51), and postoperative complications increased in ABT patients (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02–1.81), respectively; in subgroup analyses, 5-year survival rates were not associated with the transfusion rates (&khgr;2 = 0.37, P = 0.54). Transfusion for patients undergoing GC surgery, even low transfusion rates, would reduce the 5-year survival rates, and elevated the risk of tumor recurrence and postoperative complication.
Medial Prefrontal and Anterior Insular Connectivity in Early Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting Functional MRI Evaluation of Large-Scale Brain Network Models

Anomalies in the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insulae, and large-scale brain networks associated with them have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we examined the connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortices and anterior insulae in 24 healthy controls, 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 24 patients with MDD early in illness with seed-based resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using Statistical Probability Mapping. As hypothesized, reduced connectivity was found between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nodes associated with directed effort in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls while patients with MDD had reduced connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral prefrontal emotional encoding regions compared to controls. Reduced connectivity was found between the anterior insulae and the medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia compared to controls, but contrary to some models emotion processing regions failed to demonstrate increased connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex in MDD compared to controls. Although, not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons, patients with schizophrenia tended to demonstrate decreased connectivity between basal ganglia-thalamocortical regions and the medial prefrontal cortex compared to patients with MDD, which might be expected as these regions effect action. Results were interpreted to support anomalies in nodes associated with directed effort in schizophrenia and nodes associated with emotional encoding network in MDD compared to healthy controls.
A probability-based multi-measure feature matching method in map conflation

This paper presents a probability-based multi-measure feature matching method in map conflation. Feature matching is used to determine the corresponding features in different datasets that represent analogous entities in the real world. In the proposed method, a total matching probability is computed by the weighted average of multiple measures, including positional measure, shape measure, directional measure and topological measure. The matching strategies for point features, linear features and areal features are also provided. The proposed method is implemented in a prototype for matching features from two different data sources, and is compared with traditional methods. The results demonstrate not only the practicability of using the proposed method to resolve feature matching issues in map conflation, but also its advantages compared with traditional methods in terms of matching effects.
Interventions to Reduce Blatant and Subtle Sexual Orientation‐ and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP): Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Given its prevalence and impact, it is important that prejudice against sexual- and gender identity minorities is reduced and that negative behaviors against these minorities are prevented. We introduce and provide a definition of the term Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP), and discuss its determinants and configurations as well as ways to measure it. Furthermore, we review the recent social psychological literature on SOGIP-reducing interventions, identify scientific knowledge gaps regarding these interventions, and offer recommendations on how to apply the available knowledge to real-life situations. We conclude that there are many interventions currently being employed to target SOGIP with some seeming more effective than others. Particularly promising interventions are those aimed at evoking empathy and perspective taking and those aimed at developing alliances between minority and majority members. However, there is still room for improvement. Overall, little empirical evidence speaks to the robustness of intervention effects, the underlying mechanisms, the duration of effects, and boundary conditions of interventions. Researchers should focus on all aspects of SOGIP (i.e., sexual orientation prejudice as well as gender identity prejudice); different expressions of prejudice (i.e., blatant and subtle), actual behavior towards minorities, and on both perpetrators and targets of prejudice. By joining forces, researchers and practitioners should aim to overcome practical and theoretical obstacles in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Policy makers should support initiatives that test, improve, implement and distribute intervention programs, and can help bring together researchers and practitioners.
Stanford Center for International Development Conscription and Crime Conscription and Crime

We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in the military service on the involvement in criminal activities. We exploit the random assignment of young men to military service in Argentina through a draft lottery to identify this causal effect. Using a unique set of administrative data that includes draft eligibility, participation in the military service, and criminal records, we find that participation in the military service increases the likelihood of developing a criminal record in adulthood. The effects are not only significant for the cohorts that performed military service during war times, but also for those that provided service at peace times. We also find that military service has detrimental effects on future performance in the labor market.
Modelling Enhanced Density Shells in the Circumstellar Envelope of IRC+10216

The circumstellar envelopes of very evolved, late-type asymptotic giant branch stars exhibit complex molecular structure. The most striking of these objects is the carbon star IRC +10216 (CW Leo), where over 50 molecular species, including carbon chains with up to nine carbon atoms, have been detected. The envelope of IRC +10216 is now known to contain dust shells of enhanced density which are well correlated with molecular shells seen in interferometric observations. The inclusion of shells, based on observed parameters, into a chemical model allows observations to be matched more closely. Another effect of enhanced density shells is the narrowing of the radii over which the peak abundances occur. Previous models tended to have the molecules spread over a larger band of radii than observations indicated. Thus, the effects of enhanced density shells are extremely important for understanding the circumstellar environments of stars such as IRC +10216.
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Survival After Amputation in Individuals With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To identify factors that influence survival after diabetes-related amputations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We abstracted medical records of 1,043 hospitalized subjects with diabetes and a lower-extremity amputation from 1 January to 31 December 1993 in six metropolitan statistical areas in south Texas. We identified mortality in the 10-year period after amputation from death certificate data. Diabetes was verified using World Health Organization criteria. Amputations were identified by ICD-9-CM codes 84.11–84.18 and categorized as foot, below-knee amputation, and above-knee amputation and verified by reviewing medical records. We evaluated three levels of renal function: chronic kidney disease (CKD), hemodialysis, and no renal disease. We defined CKD based on a glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min and hemodialysis from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (90921, 90925, 90935, and 90937). We used χ2 for trend and Cox regression analysis to evaluate risk factors for survival after amputation. RESULTS Patients with CKD and dialysis had more below-knee amputations and above-knee amputations than patients with no renal disease (P < 0.01). Survival was significantly higher in patients with no renal impairment (P < 0.01). The Cox regression indicated a 290% increase in hazard for death for dialysis treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 3.9, 95% CI 3.07–5.0) and a 46% increase for CKD (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21–1.77). Subjects with an above-knee amputation had a 167% increase in hazard (HR 2.67, 95% CI 2.14–3.34), and below-knee amputation patients had a 67% increase in hazard for death. CONCLUSIONS Survival after amputation is lower in diabetic patients with CKD, dialysis, and high-level amputations.
Context Sensitivity of Relational Nouns

We present findings that relational nouns are more contextsensitive than entity nouns in two conceptual combination recognition tasks. Across two experiments, we investigated people’s ability to recognize entity nouns and relational nouns either in the same context as at encoding or in a different context. We found that (1) participants showed greater recognition sensitivity for entity nouns than for relational nouns and (2) relational nouns showed a greater disadvantage in recognition in new contexts relative to old contexts. Thus, the encoding of relational nouns appears to be more influenced by context than the encoding of entity nouns. We discuss parallels with encoding patterns for verbs and nouns.
Integrated Configuration of Folding Wall-BIPV at Office Building in Surabaya as Low Carbon Building Design

This research would compare optimal configurations of Folding Wall-BIPV to flat wall-BIPV (as base case model). Experiment with simulation as it tools was used as a method to get the optimal configuration of Folding Wall-BIPV. Related to second strategy towards LCB (Low Carbon Building), this research calculated how much electricity energy was produced by renewable energy resource (created by the integrated configuration of folding wall-BIPV) could substitute electricity energy produced from fossil fuel and how much was the uniformity ratio generated from both side of Folding Wall-BIPV. This research used the experimental methods. The data was collected from Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Surabaya and then hold the pretest, treatment, and post-test condition for its methods. The result shows that integrated configuration of folding wall-BIPV match to the second strategies adopted by LCB. It is about switching to renewable energy sources to substitute fossil fuel energy sources.
Freshman Student Perception of Institutional Engagement Strategies

iii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments . v List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background . 1 Significance of Research. 3 Statement of the Problem . 4 Purpose of the Study . 4 Research Questions . 4 Rationale, Relevance, and Significance of the Study . 5 Definition of Terms. 6 Assumptions, Delimitations, and Limitations . 7 Summary . 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 10 Introduction . 10 Title Searches and Resources. 10 Historical Context of Higher Education . 11 Conceptual Framework . 17 Theory of separation. 17 Theory of integration. 19
Sprites: Payment Channels that Go Faster than Lightning

It is well known that Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies are facing hurdles in scaling to meet user demand. One of the most promising approaches is to form a network of"off-chain payment channels,"which are backed by on-chain currency but support rapid, optimistic transactions and use the blockchain only in case of disputes. We develop a novel construction for payment channels that reduces the worst-case"collateral cost"for off- chain payments. In existing proposals, particularly the Lightning Network, a payment across a path of $\ell$ channels requires locking up collateral for $O(\ell \Delta)$ time, where $\Delta$ is the time to commit a on-chain transaction. Our construction reduces this cost to $O(\ell + \Delta)$. We formalize our construction in the simulation-based security model, and provide an implementation as an Ethereum smart contract. Our construction relies on a general purpose primitive called a"state channel,"which is of independent interest.
Factors Affecting Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose To compare the clinical outcome and complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and to identify diabetes-related risk factors for negative outcomes. Materials and Methods 222 primary TKAs in patients with diabetes were evaluated using Knee Society scores and Hospital for Special Surgery score. Postoperative complications were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 53.2 months. The effect of diabetesrelated factors and comparison with a matched control group were analyzed statistically. Results Significant improvements were noted in all the scores after TKA (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in clinical sores between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In multivariate analysis associating age, gender and body mass index with pain and knee score at the latest follow-up, the average knee scores in normal and overweight group were found to be significantly higher than those in the obese group. The diabetic patients had an increased overall incidence of postoperative complications (17.6%) compared with the control group (8.1%) (p < 0.05). Particularly, the rate of wound complications such as skin necrosis, bulla formation or erythema with drainage was higher in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Diabetes-related factors did not influence the incidence of complications. Associated diseases were the only significant risk factors correlated with wound complications and meniscal bearing dislodgement. Conclusion Patients with diabetes can benefit from TKA, even though diabetic patients are at an increased risk for overall postoperative and wound complications. Preoperative factors such as obesity and associated diseases may adversely affect the clinical outcome of TKA in diabetic patients.
Resiliency in survivors of human trafficking : An exploratory study of clinicians' perspectives of protective factors

This qualitative study explores the salutogenic question as it relates to female survivors of human trafficking, “Why, when women are exposed to the same trauma which causes some to become ill, do some remain healthy? ” Using a standardized open-ended interview format, this author gathered the perspectives of twelve health and social services providers, including executive directors, case management workers, mental health counselors, and advocates. This data was compiled and analyzed, alongside the existing literature on resiliency and within the framework of Salutogenic Theory. All participants identified protective factors that contribute to resiliency based on their professional work with female survivors in: Belgium, Colombia, France, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines, Saipan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the United States. This study specifically highlights protective factors that are consistent cross culturally and can be used by providers of clinical treatment to develop more informed prevention and treatment programs for survivors of human trafficking. The findings are consistent with protective factors identified in current research and have been categorized into the themes of Relationships, Disposition, Education, and Environmental Factors. Participants emphasized factors that related to survivors’ sense of belonging, including the protective nature of being a caregiver, as well as family of origin support, strong community relationships, and connection to religion. This study underscores the complexity and variation among these protective factors as they relate to survivors of human trafficking cross culturally.
Viral Impact on Prokaryotic and Microalgal Activities in the Microphytobenthic Biofilm of an Intertidal Mudflat (French Atlantic Coast)

This is the first report on viriobenthos activity within the microbial biofilm located at the top-surface of the intertidal mudflat during emersion in Marennes-Oléron Bay (France). By combining in situ and ex situ approaches, the viral production (VP) was linked to the dynamics of prokaryotes and microphytobenthos (MPB). VP averaged 2–4 × 108 viruses ml−1 h−1. VP correlated positively with the Virus to Prokaryote Ratio, and both were correlated negatively with the water content. The virus-induced mortality of prokaryotes was lower in winter than in summer (6.8 vs. 39.7% of the production) and the C-shunting may supply 2–12% of their Carbon Demand, respectively. VP accounted for 79% of loss in Prokaryotes but the response was delayed compared to the increase in VP suggesting a simultaneous release of viruses of MPB origin. This hypothesis is supported by capsid-sizing of virions by transmission electronic microscopy and bioassays. Harvesting and ex situ maintenance of top-surface sediments was carried out to monitor the dynamics of viruses, prokaryotes and MPB after inoculation with benthic or planktonic viruses. Benthic viruses modified the prokaryotic and MPB dynamics and decreased the photosynthesis efficiency in contrast to planktonic viruses that impacted MPB but not the prokaryotes.
Why are Psychopaths Difficult to Treat? Testing the Two-Component Model for the Treatment of PCL Psychopaths

Psychopathic personality disorder as conceptualised by the family of scales referred to as the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), is often cited as a specific responsivity characteristic that will interfere with an otherwise effective treatment programme. However, most research on the treatment of prisoners high on PCL psychopathy asks whether or not they are treatable as opposed to why they are difficult to treat. The Two-Component model (2-C; Wong & Olver, 2015) for the treatment of PCL psychopaths proposes that treatment difficulties observed for those high on PCL psychopathy are primarily caused by the interpersonal and affective personality features of psychopathy represented by PCL Factor 1 (F1). Thus the 2-C model suggests that therapists work around the emotional deficits and disruptive behaviours associated with PCL F1 to focus on changing risk-relevant behaviours that are associated with PCL Factor 2 (F2). In this thesis, we test the assumptions of the 2-C model with a group of high-risk violent men who attended an intensive violence treatment programme and were assessed with a PCL instrument. Specifically, we examined whether the personality features of PCL psychopathy led to more treatment difficulties than the behavioural features by exploring relationships between the factors/facets of the PCL and treatment completion, reconviction, change on dynamic risk, the therapeutic alliance and behaviour during treatment. In support of the 2-C model we found that PCL:SV Part 1 and its underlying facets were significantly associated with higher rates of removal from treatment, a poorer therapeutic alliance, and lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours during treatment. Mediation analyses also revealed that the relationships between PCL:SV Part 1 variables and removal were partly explained by lower levels of emotional and performance based behaviours. Also in support of the 2-C model, we found that PCL:SV Part 2 and its underlying facets demonstrated stronger, significant associations with pre-treatment dynamic risk and post-treatment reconvictions when compared with PCL:SV Part 1 variables. Furthermore, poorer performance based behaviours during treatment mediated relationships between PCL:SV Part 2 variables and reconviction outcomes. Several of our findings however, also failed to support or contradicted assumptions of the 2-C model. All these findings are discussed in relation to their implications for the 2-C model, psychopathy treatment research, specific responsivity, the structure of PCL psychopathy, and the utility of the PCL in forensic and legal settings.