Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Routes to N-9 Alkylated 8-Oxoguanines; Weak Inhibitors of the Human DNA Glycosylase OGG1

The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase OGG1 is involved in base excision repair (BER), one of several DNA repair mechanisms that may counteract the effects of chemo- and radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. We envisage that potent inhibitors of OGG1 may be found among the 9-alkyl-8-oxoguanines. Thus we explored synthetic routes to 8-oxoguanines and examined these as OGG1 inhibitors. The best reaction sequence started from 6-chloroguanine and involved N-9 alkylation, C-8 bromination, and finally simultaneous hydrolysis of both halides. Bromination before N-alkylation should only be considered when the N-substituent is not compatible with bromination conditions. The 8-oxoguanines were found to be weak inhibitors of OGG1. 6-Chloro-8-oxopurines, byproducts in the hydrolysis of 2,6-halopurines, turned out to be slightly better inhibitors than the corresponding 8-oxoguanines.
Towards an LMI approach to multicriteria visual servoing

This paper proposes a general framework for the analysis and synthesis of multicriteria visual-based control schemes. Both position-based and image-based controllers can be studied, whether static or dynamic. A kinematic visual-based positioning standard problem is considered. Its embedding into a Structured Norm-bounded Linear Differential Inclusion allows to state sufficient conditions for some requirements such as the realization of the positioning task, the satisfaction of 3-D constraints or the avoidance of actuators' saturations. Those are often expressed in terms of Matrix Inequalities.
Prevalence and pattern of learning difficulties in primary school students in Jordan

Abstract The major purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of learning difficulties (LDs) among primary school students (Grade 1 to Grade 3) in Jordan. A total of 306 students were randomly selected and tested using the Arabic version of the Woodcock-Johnson Basic Achievement Tests that measure reading, spelling, and calculation skills. The prevalence of the combined and types of LDs was investigated. In addition, the researchers explored the correspondence between the prevalence of LDs and the following variables: gender, grade level, school type, parents’ level of education, and monthly income. Results indicated that high prevalence and comorbidity rates were found among all LDs conditions; there was a higher prevalence of LDs in males than in females, increasing prevalence of identified LDs with an increasing grade level, and students who were identified with LDs were more likely to be from low socioeconomic status attending public schools. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Value of Proton-MR-Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy; Correlation of Metabolite Alterations With Electroencephalography

Background Epilepsy, a well-known mostly idiopathic neurologic disorder, has to be correctly diagnosed and properly treated. Up to now, several diagnostic approaches have been processed to determine the epileptic focus. Objectives The aim of this study was to discover whether proton-MR-spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) aids in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy in conjunction with classical electroencephalography (EEG) findings. Patients and Methods Totally, 70 mesial temporal zones consisting of 39 right hippocampi and 31 left hippocampi of 46 patients (25 male, 21 female) were analyzed by proton MRSI. All patients underwent a clinical neurologic examination, scalp EEG recording and prolonged video EEG monitoring. Partial seizures on the right, left or both sides were recorded in all patients. All patients were under medical treatment and none of the patients underwent amygdalohippocampectomy and similar surgical procedures. Results The normal average lactate (Lac), phosphocreatine, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) peaks and Nacetyl aspartate/Cr, NAA/ Cho + Cr, Cho/Cr ratios were measured from the healthy opposite hippocampi or from the control subjects. The Lac, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol, phosphocreatine and NAA metabolites plus Cho/Cr ratio showed statistical difference between the normal and the epileptic hippocampi. Cho, Cr metabolites plus NAA/Cr, NAA/ Cho + Cr ratios were almost the same between the groups. The sensitivity of Proton-MR-Spectroscopy for lateralization of the epileptic foci in all patients was 96% and the specificity was 50%. Conclusions Proton-MRSI can easily be considered as an alternative modality of choice in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy and in the future; Proton-MR-Spectroscopy may become the most important technique used in epilepsy centers.
North Atlantic In uence on Tigris-Euphrates Stream ow

Changes in streammow of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are shown to be associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a large-scale mode of natural climate variability which governs the path of Atlantic mid-latitude storm tracks and precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean. We develop composite indices of Turkish winter (Decemberthrough March) temperature and precipitation which capture the interannual-decadal climate variability for the Tigris-Euphrates headwater region, a signiicant source of freshwater for Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. These indices of Turkish winter temperature and precipitation are signiicantly correlated with the NAO, with 27% of the variance in precipitation accounted for by this natural mechanism. Tigris-Euphrates streammow also exhibits signiicant, 40% variability, associated with extrema.
Recycling of Golgi-resident Glycosyltransferases through the ER Reveals a Novel Pathway and Provides an Explanation for Nocodazole-induced Golgi Scattering

During microtubule depolymerization, the central, juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus scatters to multiple peripheral sites. We have tested here whether such scattering is due to a fragmentation process and subsequent outward tracking of Golgi units or if peripheral Golgi elements reform through a novel recycling pathway. To mark the Golgi in HeLa cells, we stably expressed the Golgi stack enzyme N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 (GalNAc-T2) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or to an 11–amino acid epitope, VSV-G (VSV), and the trans/TGN enzyme β1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalT) fused to GFP. After nocodazole addition, time-lapse microscopy of GalNAc-T2–GFP and GalT–GFP revealed that scattered Golgi elements appeared abruptly and that no Golgi fragments tracked outward from the compact, juxtanuclear Golgi complex. Once formed, the scattered structures were relatively stable in fluorescence intensity for tens of minutes. During the entire process of dispersal, immunogold labeling for GalNAc-T2–VSV and GalT showed that these were continuously concentrated over stacked Golgi cisternae and tubulovesicular Golgi structures similar to untreated cells, suggesting that polarized Golgi stacks reform rapidly at scattered sites. In fluorescence recovery after photobleaching over a narrow (FRAP) or wide area (FRAP-W) experiments, peripheral Golgi stacks continuously exchanged resident proteins with each other through what appeared to be an ER intermediate. That Golgi enzymes cycle through the ER was confirmed by microinjecting the dominant-negative mutant of Sar1 (Sar1pdn) blocking ER export. Sar1pdn was either microinjected into untreated or nocodazole-treated cells in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. In both cases, this caused a gradual accumulation of GalNAc-T2–VSV in the ER. Few to no peripheral Golgi elements were seen in the nocodazole-treated cells microinjected with Sar1pdn. In conclusion, we have shown that Golgi-resident glycosylation enzymes recycle through the ER and that this novel pathway is the likely explanation for the nocodazole-induced Golgi scattering observed in interphase cells.
First results of an Hα based search of classical Be stars in the Perseus Arm and beyond

We investigate a region of the Galactic plane, between 120 6 ‘ 6 140 and 1 6 b 6 +4 , and uncover a population of moderately reddened(E(B V) 1) classical Be stars within and beyond the Perseus and Outer Arms. 370 candidate emission line stars (13 . r . 16) selected from the INT Photometric Ha Survey of the Northern Galactic plane (IPHAS) have been followed up spectroscopically. A subset of these, 67 stars with properties consistent with those of classical Be stars, have been observed at sufficient spectral resolution (Dl 2 ‐ 4 ˚ A) at blue wavelengths to narrow down their spectral types. We determine these to a precision estimated to be 1 sub-type and then we measure reddenings via SED fitting with reference to appropriate model atmospheres. Corrections for contribution to colour excess from circumstellar discs are made using an established scaling to Ha emission equivalent width. Spectroscopic parallaxes are obtained after luminosity class has been constrained via estimates of distances to neighbouring A/F stars with similar reddenings. Overwhelmingly, the stars in the sample are confirmed as luminous classical Be stars at heliocentric distances ranging from 2 kpc up to 12 kpc. However, the errors are presently too large to enable the cumulative distribution function with respect to distance to distinguish between models placing the stars exclusively in spiral arms, or in a smooth exponentially-declining distribution.
The five most cited NDT articles from 1993 to 1999.

Zubani R et al. Predictive value of dialysis adequacy and nutritional indices for mortality and morbidity in CAPD and HD patients. 5 Gansevoort RT, Sluiter WJ, Hemmelder MH et al. Antiproteinuric effect of blood-pressure-lowering agents: a meta-analysis of comparative trials
Eecient Algorithms for Online Decision Problems

In an online decision problem, one makes a sequence of decisions without knowledge of the future. Tools from learning such as Weighted Majority and its many variants 13, 18, 4] demonstrate that online algorithms can perform nearly as well as the best single decision chosen in hindsight, even when there are exponentially many possible decisions. However, the naive application of these algorithms is inee-cient for such large problems. For some problems with nice structure, specialized eecient solutions have been developed 10, 16, 17, 6, 3]. We show that a very simple idea, used in Hannan's seminal 1957 paper 9], gives eecient solutions to all of these problems. Essentially, in each period, one chooses the decision that worked best in the past. To guarantee low regret, it is necessary to add randomness. Surprisingly, this simple approach gives additive regret per period, eeciently. We present a simple general analysis and several extensions, including a (1+)-competitive algorithm as well as a lazy one that rarely switches between decisions.
Adaptive parallel-cascade truncated Volterra filters

This paper studies adaptive truncated Volterra filters employing parallel-cascade structures. Parallel-cascade realizations implement higher order Volterra systems as a parallel connection of multiplicative combinations of lower order truncated Volterra systems. A normalized LMS adaptive filter is developed, and its performance capabilities are evaluated using a series of simulation experiments. The experimental results indicate that the normalized LMS adaptive parallel-cascade Volterra filter has superior convergence properties over several competing structures. This paper also includes an experiment that demonstrates the capability of the parallel-cascade adaptive system to reduce its implementation complexity by using fewer than the maximum number of branches required for the most general realization of the system.
Applications of structure from motion: a survey

Structure from motion (SfM) has been an active research area in computer vision for decades and numerous practical applications are benefiting from this research. While no previous work has tried to summarize the applications appearing in the literature, this paper deals with a comprehensive overview of recent applications of SfM by classifying them into 10 categories, namely augmented reality, autonomous navigation/guidance, motion capture, hand-eye calibration, image/video processing, image-based 3D modeling, remote sensing, image organization/browsing, segmentation and recognition, and military applications. The goal is to provide insights for researchers to position their work more appropriately in the context of existing techniques, and to perceive both new applications and relevant research problems.
80 v 2 1 3 Ja n 20 00 LOCAL EXISTENCE OF SPINOR-AND TENSOR POTENTIALS

We give new simple direct proofs in all spacetimes for the existence of asymmetric (n, m + 1)-spinor potentials for completely symmetric (n + 1, m)-spinors and for the existence of symmetric (n, 1)-spinor potentials for symmetric (n + 1, 0)-spinors. These proofs introduce a 'superpotential', i.e., a potential of the potential, which also enables us to get explicit statements of the gauge freedom of the original potentials. The main application for these results is the Lanczos potential L ABCA ′ , of the Weyl spinor and the electromagnetic vector potential A AA ′. We also investigate the possibility of existence of a symmetric potential H ABA ′ B ′ for the Lanczos potential, and prove that in all Einstein spacetimes any symmetric (3,1)-spinor L ABCA ′ possesses a symmetric potential H ABA ′ B ′. Potentials of this type have been found earlier in investigations of some very special spinors in restricted classes of spacetimes. All of the new spinor results are translated into tensor notation, and where possible given also for four dimensional spaces of arbitrary signature.
Economic precariousness and living in the parental home in the UK

Recent media attention has focused on the increased numbers of adult children co-residing with their parent(s). It is generally assumed that this trend relates to increased economic uncertainty among young adults, combined with the challenges of affordability in the housing market. In this paper, using data from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, we investigate whether the evidence supports the assertion that those in an economically precarious position were more likely to remain living with a parent during the recent recession. The research in this briefing paper summarises findings from CPC Working Paper 55.
Predicting the intention to quit smoking: A comparative study among Spanish and Norwegian students

The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting intentions to quit smoking among Norwegian smoking students (N=211) and Spanish students (N=205). As hypothesised, subjective norm predicted quitting intentions more strongly in Spain (a collectivistic culture) than in Norway (an individualistic culture). Group identity predicted quitting intentions more strongly in Norway than in Spain. Consistent with the predictions the predictive role of self-identity and moral norm did not differ between the countries. Self-identity did not predict intention significantly, while this was the case for moral norm. Thus the study provided evidence of the moderating role of culture in the TPB, and indications of a stronger conflict between smokers and non-smokers in countries with high level of regulatory anti-smoking measures.
Parenting, Scarcity and Violence: Theory and Evidence for Colombia

During early childhood, children develop cognitive and socioemotional skills that predict success in multiple socioeconomic dimensions. A large part of the development of these skills depends on the child’s context during the first years of life and, in particular, on the quality of parental care. Grounded on recent literature in psychology and behavioral economics, we discuss a theoretical framework for understanding why some children receive adequate care, while others do not. Within this framework, we identify a determinant of the quality of parenting that has not yet been explored in-depth: the availability of parents’ mental resources, which are depleted by the subjective feeling of scarcity and the stress generated by adversities. Using cross-sectional data from a household survey in Colombia and administrative data on crime and violence, we find that a greater subjective feeling of scarcity (? =0.45, IC95%: [0.082, 0.979]) and greater exposure to violence (? =0.09, IC90%:[0.004, 0.182]) are associated with a lower likelihood that parents engage in stimulating activities with their children. At the same time, the results show that receiving information on childrearing is correlated with better parental practices (? =-0.48, IC95%:[-0.822, -0.136]).
Review of Statistical Methods for Analysing Healthcare Resources and Costs

We review statistical methods for analysing healthcare resource use and costs, their ability to address skewness, excess zeros, multimodality and heavy right tails, and their ease for general use. We aim to provide guidance on analysing resource use and costs focusing on randomised trials, although methods often have wider applicability. Twelve broad categories of methods were identified: (I) methods based on the normal distribution, (II) methods following transformation of data, (III) single-distribution generalized linear models (GLMs), (IV) parametric models based on skewed distributions outside the GLM family, (V) models based on mixtures of parametric distributions, (VI) two (or multi)-part and Tobit models, (VII) survival methods, (VIII) non-parametric methods, (IX) methods based on truncation or trimming of data, (X) data components models, (XI) methods based on averaging across models, and (XII) Markov chain methods. Based on this review, our recommendations are that, first, simple methods are preferred in large samples where the near-normality of sample means is assured. Second, in somewhat smaller samples, relatively simple methods, able to deal with one or two of above data characteristics, may be preferable but checking sensitivity to assumptions is necessary. Finally, some more complex methods hold promise, but are relatively untried; their implementation requires substantial expertise and they are not currently recommended for wider applied work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sojourn times in (discrete) time shared systems and their continuous time limits

We study the mean sojourn times in two M/G/1 weighted round-robin systems: the weight of a customer at any given point in time in the first system is a function of its age (imparted service), while in the second system the weight is a function of the customer’s remaining processing time (RPT). We provide a sufficient condition under which the sojourn time of a customer with large service requirement (say, x) and that arrives in the steady state is close to that of a customer which starts a busy period and has the same service requirement. A sufficient condition is then provided for continuity of the performance metric (the mean sojourn time) as the quanta size in the discrete time system converges to 0. We then consider a multi-class system and provide relative ordering of the mean sojourn times among the various classes.
Effect of Climate Change on Mediterranean Winter Ranges of Two Migratory Passerines

We studied the effect of climate change on the distribution of two insectivorous passerines (the meadow pipit Anthus pratensis and the chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita) in wintering grounds of the Western Mediterranean basin. In this region, precipitation and temperature can affect the distribution of these birds through direct (thermoregulation costs) or indirect effects (primary productivity). Thus, it can be postulated that projected climate changes in the region will affect the extent and suitability of their wintering grounds. We studied pipit and chiffchaff abundance in several hundred localities along a belt crossing Spain and Morocco and assessed the effects of climate and other geographical and habitat predictors on bird distribution. Multivariate analyses reported a positive effect of temperature on the present distribution of the two species, with an additional effect of precipitation on the meadow pipit. These climate variables were used with Maxent to model the occurrence probabilities of species using ring recoveries as presence data. Abundance and occupancy of the two species in the study localities adjusted to the distribution models, with more birds in sectors of high climate suitability. After validation, these models were used to forecast the distribution of climate suitability according to climate projections for 2050–2070 (temperature increase and precipitation reduction). Results show an expansion of climatically suitable sectors into the highlands by the effect of warming on the two species, and a retreat of the meadow pipit from southern sectors related to rain reduction. The predicted patterns show a mean increase in climate suitability for the two species due to the warming of the large highland expanses typical of the western Mediterranean.
Self-Compassion Moderates the Relationship of Perceived Public and Anticipated Self-Stigma of Seeking Help

Help-seeking stigma is considered a major barrier that keeps people from seeking out psychological help. Self-compassion, or the act of treating oneself with kindness and non-judgment, is a possible protective factor that could be associated with diminished stigma. However, this possibility has yet to be studied. The present research (N = 369) examined whether a self-compassionate attitude toward oneself reduced the tendency for individuals to internalize perceived public stigma associated with seeking psychological help. It was predicted that self-compassion would moderate the effect of perceived public stigma on anticipated self-stigma of seeking help. Multiple regression results supported this hypothesis; among individuals endorsing greater perceived public stigma, those with high self-compassion reported lower anticipated self-stigma compared with those with low self-compassion. This suggests that self-compassion may buffer the negative effects of perceived public stigma on anticipated self-stigma by providing psychological resilience. These findings have important implications for the development of novel and effective approaches for reducing the negative psychological impact of stigma.
Algebraic reduction for space-time codes based on quaternion algebras

In this paper we introduce a new right preprocessing method for the decoding of 2 × 2 algebraic STBCs, called algebraic reduction, which exploits the multiplicative structure of the code. T he principle of the new reduction is to absorb part of the channel into the code, by approximating the channel matrix with an element of the maximal order of the algebra. We prove that algebraic reduction attains the receive diversity when followed by a simple ZF detection. Simulation results for the Golden Code show that using MMSE-GDFE left preprocessing, algebraic reduction with simple ZF detection has a loss of only 3dB with respect to ML decoding.