Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix and keratinocyte migration

We are just beginning to understand some of the cellular mechanisms involved in human keratinocyte migration on extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix components have differing effects on keratinocyte motility. Signalling through integrin receptors and secretion of collagenase are both components of this process. An understanding of the effect of extracellular matrix on keratinocyte migration has direct relevance to the problem of wound re‐epithelialization and will assist in the development of therapeutic efforts to enhance wound healing artificially.
Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Summary Using a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator‐based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self‐reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Effect of Overdrive Pacing Rate and Duration on Ventricular Escape Rhythms in Patients with Chronic Complete Atrioventricular Block

The effect of overdrive (OD) pacing rate and duration on subsidiary pacemakers was evaluated in 54 patients with third‐degree AV block. They had a permanent pacemaker implanted 61 ± 56 months earlier because of complete AV block in 38 patients and, in 16 patients because of second‐degree AV block, which in the interim advanced to complete AV block. The patients had a reliable infranodal escape rhythm, with a mean cycle length of 2,022 ± 603 msec, upon discontinuation of the ventricular OD pacing, at a rate of 40 beats/min. The escape interval and escape rhythm cycle length was evaluated after OD pacing at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 beats/ min for 30 seconds, at each rate. In 100% of the patients the subsidiary pacemaker recovered after OD pacing at 40 and 50 beats/min and the number decreased to 59% at a rate of 100 beats/min. The escape interval prolonged gradually between OD pacing at 40 and 100 beats/min, by 56%. The effect of OD pacing duration at 50 and 70 beats/min was evaluated. At an OD pacing rate of 70 beats/min there was a significant effect of the pacing duration on the escape interval. There were significant differences in the escape interval duration and escape rhythm cycle length between males and females, patients with or without coronary artery disease, and patients with narrow or wide QBS escape. However, the increase in the OD pacing rate had a similar effect on the escape interval in the above mentioned groups. There was no effect on the paced QRS duration and sinus cycle length at each OD pacing rate. In nine patients premature escape beats were present after OD pacing at 80 and 90 beats/min. In conclusion, OD pacing may suppress the infranodal subsidiary pacemakers originating at the proximal conduction system or from a ventricular site and this effect depends on the pacing rate and duration. An OD pacing at a rate of 50 beats/min or less has minimal or no effect on these inherent pacemakers. Overdrive stimulation in the form of premature escape beats is present in 17% of the patients.
Psychophysiological, Behavioral, and Cognitive Indices of the Emotional Response: A Factor-Analytic Study

Previous research on the components of the emotional response employing factor analytic studies has yielded a two-factor structure (Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, & Hamm, 1993; Cuthbert, Schupp, Bradley, Birbaumer, & Lang, 2000). However, the startle blink reflex, a widely employed measure of the emotional response, has not been considered to date. We decided to include two parameters of the startle reflex (magnitude and latency) in order to explore further how this response fits into the two-factor model of emotion. We recorded the acoustic startle blink response, skin conductance response, heart rate, free viewing time, and picture valence and arousal ratings of 45 subjects while viewing 54 pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; 18 unpleasant, 18 neutral, and 18 pleasant). Factorizations of all measures gave a two-factor solution (valence and arousal) that accounted for 70% of the variance. Although some measurements, including heart rate change, did not behave as predicted, our results reinforce the two-dimension model of the emotion, and show that startle fits into the model. La investigación previa sobre los componentes de la respuesta emocional empleando estudios de análisis factorial ha proporcionado una estructura de dos factores (Lang, Greenwald, Bradley y Hamm, 1993; Cuthbert, Schupp, Bradley, Birbaumer y Lang, 2000). Sin embargo, el parpadeo reflejo de sobresalto, una medida ampliamente empleada de respuesta emocional, no se ha considerado hasta la fecha. Decidimos incluir dos parámetros del reflejo de sobresalto (magnitud y latencia) para explorar si esta respuesta se ajusta al modelo bifactorial de la emoción. Registramos el parpadeo reflejo de sobresalto acústico, la respuesta de conductancia de la piel, la tasa cardiaca, el tiempo de visión, y las evaluaciones de valencia y de arousal de 45 sujetos mientas miraban 54 representaciones del IAPS (18 desagradables, 18 neutrales, y 18 agradables). La factorización de todas las medidas proporcionó una solución de dos factores (valencia y arousal) que explicaban el 70% de la varianza. Aunque algunas medidas, incluyendo el cambio en tasa cardiaca, no se comportaban como se había predicho, nuestros resultados refuerzan el modelo bidimensional de la emoción y demuestran que el sobresalto se ajusta al modelo.
Cilostazol Inhibits Accumulation of Triglyceride in Aorta and Platelet Aggregation in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

Cilostazol is clinically used for the treatment of ischemic symptoms in patients with chronic peripheral arterial obstruction and for the secondary prevention of brain infarction. Recently, it has been reported that cilostazol has preventive effects on atherogenesis and decreased serum triglyceride in rodent models. There are, however, few reports on the evaluation of cilostazol using atherosclerotic rabbits, which have similar lipid metabolism to humans, and are used for investigating the lipid content in aorta and platelet aggregation under conditions of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of cilostazol on the atherosclerosis and platelet aggregation in rabbits fed a normal diet or a cholesterol-containing diet supplemented with or without cilostazol. We evaluated the effects of cilostazol on the atherogenesis by measuring serum and aortic lipid content, and the lesion area after a 10-week treatment and the effect on platelet aggregation after 1- and 10-week treatment. From the lipid analyses, cilostazol significantly reduced the total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids in serum, and moreover, the triglyceride content in the atherosclerotic aorta. Cilostazol significantly reduced the intimal atherosclerotic area. Platelet aggregation was enhanced in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Cilostazol significantly inhibited the platelet aggregation in rabbits fed both a normal diet and a high cholesterol diet. Cilostazol showed anti-atherosclerotic and anti-platelet effects in cholesterol-fed rabbits possibly due to the improvement of lipid metabolism and the attenuation of platelet activation. The results suggest that cilostazol is useful for prevention and treatment of atherothrombotic diseases with the lipid abnormalities.
BMO ESTIMATES NEAR THE BOUNDARY FOR SOLUTIONS OF ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS

Dedicated to all the civilian victims of the catalogue of horror in the Middle East Abstract. In this paper we show that the scale of Sobolev-Campanato spaces L p,,s contain the general BMO-Triebel-Lizorkin spaces F s 1,p as special cases, so that the conjecture by Triebel regarding estimates for solutions of scalar regular elliptic boundary value problems in F s 1,p spaces (solved in the case p = 2 in a previous work) is completely solved now. Also we prove that the method used for the scalar case works for systems, and we give a priori estimates near the boundary for solutions of regular elliptic systems in the general spaces L p,,s containing BMO, F s 1,p, and Morrey- Campanato spaces L 2, as special cases. This result extends the work by the author in the scalar case.
Mechanical Properties of ITER Coil CICC Steel Jackets Production

ITER cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) used in the superconducting magnet system consists of a cable made of Nb3Sn or Nb-Ti strands inserted in a stainless steel tube (called jacket or conduit). Depending on the coil type, the jacket material is either made of a low carbon AISI 316LN (for toroidal field coil) and AISI 316L grade stainless steels (for poloidal field and correction coils) or a high Mn austenitic stainless steel developed for ITER called JK2LB (for the central solenoid coil). Mechanical properties of base material and weld joint need to be tested at room and/or cryogenic temperature under predefined mechanical deformation and heat treatment conditions. The amount of required steel requires a tight mechanical properties control to ensure homogeneity during production within the ITER defined requirements. This paper will compare test results such as the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the yield strength (YS), and the elongation to failure (EL) measured by all ITER jacket supplier test laboratories both for seamless tubes and weld joints.
Non-invasive assessment of direction of right atrial activation during atrial fibrillation using correlation function analysis

ECGs were recorded from three electrodes attached at the corners of an equilateral triangle positioned around the location of electrode V1. The atrial signal between QRST complexes was subjected to correlation function analysis to reveal differences in activation times between the electrode sites. The time differences found were used to calculate the direction of activation across the body surface. Twenty-three subjects were studied during sinus rhythm (SR), intraoperatively confirmed typical and reverse typical atrial flutter, or during paroxysmal or permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). Subjects studied during SR and patients with typical atrial flutter exhibited a uniform direction of activation, with the main vector pointing downwards. The propagation of atrial activation during permanent AF did not show a consistent direction, while patients with paroxysmal AF exhibited more uniform activation vectors, corresponding to the direction observed in patients with atrial flutter.
An Application of the Variational Bayesian Approach to Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars

We present an efficient learning algorithm for probabilistic context-free grammars based on the variational Bayesian approach. Although the maximum likelihood method has traditionally been used for learning probabilistic language models, Bayesian learning is, in principle, less likely to cause overfitting problems than the maximum likelihood method. We show that the computational complexity of our algorithm is equal to that of the Inside-Outside algorithm. We also report results of experiments to compare precisions of the Inside-Outside algorithm and our algorithm.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Induce Angiogenesis and Regeneration of Nerve Fibers in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Background: Recent clinical studies in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims suffering chronic neurological injury present evidence that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can induce neuroplasticity. Objective: To assess the neurotherapeutic effect of HBOT on prolonged post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) due to TBI, using brain microstructure imaging. Methods: Fifteen patients afflicted with PPCS were treated with 60 daily HBOT sessions. Imaging evaluation was performed using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced (DSC) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) MR sequences. Cognitive evaluation was performed by an objective computerized battery (NeuroTrax). Results: HBOT was initiated 6 months to 27 years (10.3 ± 3.2 years) from injury. After HBOT, DTI analysis showed significantly increased fractional anisotropy values and decreased mean diffusivity in both white and gray matter structures. In addition, the cerebral blood flow and volume were increased significantly. Clinically, HBOT induced significant improvement in the memory, executive functions, information processing speed and global cognitive scores. Conclusions: The mechanisms by which HBOT induces brain neuroplasticity can be demonstrated by highly sensitive MRI techniques of DSC and DTI. HBOT can induce cerebral angiogenesis and improve both white and gray microstructures indicating regeneration of nerve fibers. The micro structural changes correlate with the neurocognitive improvements.
Vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline in elderly persons.

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no prospective study has examined the association between vitamin D and cognitive decline or dementia. METHODS We determined whether low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were associated with an increased risk of substantial cognitive decline in the InCHIANTI population-based study conducted in Italy between 1998 and 2006 with follow-up assessments every 3 years. A total of 858 adults 65 years or older completed interviews, cognitive assessments, and medical examinations and provided blood samples. Cognitive decline was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and substantial decline was defined as 3 or more points. The Trail-Making Tests A and B were also used, and substantial decline was defined as the worst 10% of the distribution of decline or as discontinued testing. RESULTS The multivariate adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) of substantial cognitive decline on the MMSE in participants who were severely serum 25(OH)D deficient (levels <25 nmol/L) in comparison with those with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D (>/=75 nmol/L) was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.19-2.00). Multivariate adjusted random-effects models demonstrated that the scores of participants who were severely 25(OH)D deficient declined by an additional 0.3 MMSE points per year more than those with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D. The relative risk for substantial decline on Trail-Making Test B was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03-1.51) among those who were severely 25(OH)D deficient compared with those with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D. No significant association was observed for Trail-Making Test A. CONCLUSION Low levels of vitamin D were associated with substantial cognitive decline in the elderly population studied over a 6-year period, which raises important new possibilities for treatment and prevention.
Relationship between Inflammatory Cytokines and Indices of Cardiac Dysfunction following Intense Endurance Exercise

Objectives Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been noted to increase following exercise but their relationship to exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction has not previously been investigated. We sought to evaluate whether exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increases in cytokines, particularly the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p70 and TNFα, which have been most implicated in cardiac pathology. Methods 40 well-trained endurance athletes underwent evaluation prior to and immediately following one of four endurance sporting events ranging from 3 to 11 hours duration. Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNFα) were analyzed by flow cytometry from serum samples collected within 50 minutes of race completion. Cardiac troponin (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide were combined with an echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function, and a composite of cTnI > 0.04 μg/L, BNP increase > 10 ng/L and a decrease in right ventricular ejection (RVEF) > 10% were prospectively defined as evidence of myocardial dysfunction. Results Relative to baseline, IL-6 IL-8 and IL-10 increased 8.5-, 2.9-, and 7.1-fold, respectively, P<0.0001. Thirty-one (78%), 19 (48%) and 18 (45%) of the athletes met the pre-specified criteria for significant cTnI, BNP and RVEF changes, respectively. TNFα, IL-12p70 were univariate predictors of ΔRVEF and ΔBNP whilst none of the anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly associated with these measures. Ten athletes (25%, all athletes competing in the endurance event of longest duration) met criteria for exercise-induced myocardial dysfunction. In these 10 athletes with myocardial dysfunction, as compared to those without, there was significantly greater post-race expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70 (8.1±3.8pg/ml vs. 2.5±2.6pg/ml, P<0.0001) and TNFα (6.5±3.1pg/ml vs. 2.0±2.5pg/ml, P<0.0001). Conclusion Cardiac dysfunction following intense endurance exercise was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This does not prove a causal relationship but provides rationale for further investigations into whether inflammation mediates exercise-induced myocardial dysfunction.
Late Results of Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases

Surgical removal of one or several metastases with a potentially curative aim is possible in the case of isolated pulmonary metastases. The surgery is always part of an overall oncological concept. Between 1972 and 1984, surgery was indicated in 295 cases in 261 patients and 304 thoracotomies were performed. The procedure was classified as potentially curative in 76% of the cases. The 5-year survival probability in this patient group amounted to 38% for all organic tumors. The definitely best prognosis with 5-year survival rates of 42% is observed for caval metastatic carcinoma. Due to the excellent chemotherapeutical regimens, testicular teratomas reach the best individual result with a 3-year survival probability of 71%. Decisive for the long-term prognosis is the removal of all visible and palpable metastases. If radical resectability is possible, the number of metastases is only of secondary importance. Besides radicality, metastatic route and type of the primary tumor, duration of the disease-free interval and the size of the metastases are also of prognostic significance. Predominating resection procedures are the atypical and segment resection and the enucleation which yield the best survival rates.
Lossless image compression based on optimal prediction, adaptive lifting, and conditional arithmetic coding

The optimal predictors of a lifting scheme in the general n-dimensional case are obtained and applied for the lossless compression of still images using first quincunx sampling and then simple row-column sampling. In each case, the efficiency of the linear predictors is enhanced nonlinearly. Directional postprocessing is used in the quincunx case, and adaptive-length postprocessing in the row-column case. Both methods are seen to perform well. The resulting nonlinear interpolation schemes achieve extremely efficient image decorrelation. We further investigate context modeling and adaptive arithmetic coding of wavelet coefficients in a lossless compression framework. Special attention is given to the modeling contexts and the adaptation of the arithmetic coder to the actual data. Experimental evaluation shows that the best of the resulting coders produces better results than other known algorithms for multiresolution-based lossless image coding.
QoS routing using lower layer information in ad hoc networks

A wireless ad hoc network is an autonomous system where all nodes are capable of movement and can be connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner. Without a network infrastructure, network nodes function as routers which discover and maintain routes to other nodes in the network. Routing in ad hoc networks has received a lot of attention due to the challenges posed by the self-organizing nature of the network, the dynamic topology, and the unreliable wireless medium. Quality of service (QoS) routing searches for routes with sufficient resources for the QoS requirements and is one of the core technologies to support QoS for real-time multimedia and data applications in ad hoc networks. We show that MAC layer information can be utilized at the routing layer via certain routing metrics for optimal route selection. We propose to use MAC delay as an indication of the level of interference of a link. Link reliability and residual bandwidth are two other routing constraints. Then, the resulting NP-complete multiple constraint routing problem is solved using a heuristic algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is studied using simulations.
Adaptive Evolution of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in the Family Suidae

Members of the family Suidae have diverged over extended evolutionary periods in diverse environments, suggesting that adaptation in response to endemic infectious agents may have occurred. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a multigene family that acts as the first line of defense against infectious microbes at the host-environment interface. We hypothesized that across the Suidae, positive selection mediated by infectious agents has contributed to the evolution of TLR diversity. Thus, we analyzed Sus scrofa, Sus barbatus, Sus verrucosus, Sus celebensis, Sus scebifrons, Babyrousa babyrussa, Potamochoerus larvatus, Potamochoerus porcus and Phacochoerus africanus genomes. Specifically, analyses were performed to identify evidence of positive selection using Maximum likelihood (ML) methods within a phylogenetic framework for bacterial and viral sensing Suidae TLR extracellular domains. Our analyses did not reveal evidence of positive selection for TLR3 and TLR7, suggesting strong functional conservation among these two genes for members of the Suidae. Positive selection was inferred for Suidae TLR1, TLR2, TLR6 and TLR8 evolution. ML methods identified amino acid sites of the bacterial sensing TLR1, TLR2, TLR6 and the viral sensing TLR8 to be under persistent positive selection. Some of these sites are in close proximity to functionally relevant sites, further strengthening the case for pathogen mediated selection for these sites. The branch leading to the genus Sus demonstrated evidence of episodic positive selection for TLR1, indicating selection mediated by infectious agents encountered within the specific geographic origin of the Sus. These results indicate that species of the Suidae have positively selected residues within functional domains of TLRs reflective of prior infections. Thus, TLR genes represent candidates for experimental validation to determine their functional role in antibacterial and antiviral activity within members of the Suidae.