Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Identities: Reflections from Two Case Studies

The central focus of this paper is an analysis of the enterprise discourse and how it is articulated by individuals working in small business environments, to construct and reconstruct material practices and psychological identities. The core argument is that, even if people do not take the enterprise culture seriously, even if they feel unaffected by its values and claims, they are inevitably reproducing it through their involvement with the daily practices which are imbued with the notion of enterprise (du Gay and Salaman, 1992). As such, the paper takes a social constructionist perspective which seeks to illustrate how individuals are constituted by the discourse of enterprise, and to provide some empirical evidence of the processes and practices which both reflect and construct that experience.
‘I connected so well with it’: a teen mother talks about reading

In this paper, one 19‐year‐old married mother who was sexually abused when younger discusses the painful and important role reading has played in her life. By using narrative discourse analysis, I parse the young mother’s spoken narrative and illuminate the emotions that cluster around her reading experiences. I discover that she has used reading as a way to make sense of the traumatic experiences of her childhood. I discover as well that, though she evidences immaturity, her moral thinking – refined through her roles as daughter, mother, and wife – is more nuanced than are the texts she is able to read. The questions I ask about her relationship to these books can be generalized to many non‐traditional students going to high schools, or reading in book clubs, today.
Inflammatory bowel disease‐associated thromboembolism: A systematic review of outcomes with anticoagulation versus catheter‐directed thrombolysis

Background: Thromboembolism (TE) is a common extraintestinal complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) is being increasingly used to treat TE but often evokes fears of hemorrhagic complications (HCs) in patients with IBD. We reviewed clinical outcomes with anticoagulation (AC) and CDT in IBD patients with TE. Methods: Published cases of IBD patients with TE were identified by a PubMed search. Cases were divided into two groups based on treatment modality: AC alone or CDT. Pretreatment variables and treatment‐related outcomes were compared between treatment groups. Results: Fifty‐two cases of IBD‐associated TE were identified. Thirty‐five cases were treated with AC alone and 17 with CDT. There were no significant differences in pretreatment variables. Patients treated with CDT tended to be more likely to achieve complete or partial symptomatic (P = 0.02) and radiologic resolution (P = 0.06). Gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI HCs tended to occur more frequently with CDT, although these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.44 and 0.15, respectively). Conclusions: CDT and AC both appear to be well tolerated by IBD patients with TE. CDT may be used preferentially in patients with life‐threatening TE, while AC may be preferable in patients with less clinically significant TE or patients at higher risk for bleeding. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and more definitively identify the best therapeutic approach for patients with IBD‐associated TE. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)
Family rituals in married couples: Links with attachment, relationship quality, and closeness

This study examined the association between self-reports of family rituals and relationship attachment, relationship quality, and closeness in 150 married couples in Portugal. Using structural equation modeling to examine both within-individual and across-partner effects, the results were generally as predicted. First, lower levels of avoidant attachment were related to greater family investment in rituals. Second, greater family investment in rituals was associated with more positive relationship quality and closeness. Third, family investment in rituals partially mediated the link between avoidance and relationship quality and closeness. Fourth, the mediational models were significant for women but not for men. These results highlight the importance of links among family interactions, couple interactions, and individual differences.
The role of the follower in the relationship between empowering leadership and empowerment: A longitudinal investigation

The purpose of this longitudinal study among 212 Dutch prison officers was to enhance insight into the nature of the relationship between empowering leader behavior and follower psychological empowerment. Empowerment was conceptualized as intrinsic task motivation, manifested in a set of 4 cognitions reflecting the individual's work-role orientation. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using a cross-lagged panel design. The results showed that followers' belief to be able to affect organizational outcomes (i.e., impact) at Time 1 was related to increased delegation by the leader 3 months later. Furthermore, followers' perceptions of autonomy regarding initiation and regulation of one's own actions (i.e., self-determination) at Time 1 was related to increased accountability by the leader 3 months later. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“COMING OUT” IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM:

This article examines sexual identity formation among 346 lesbian-identified and 60 bisexual-identified women. On average, bisexuals come out at later ages and exhibit less “stable” identity histories. However, variations in identity history among lesbians and bisexuals overshadow the differences between them and demonstrate that coming out is not a linear, goal-oriented, developmental process. Sexual identity formation must be reconceptualized as a process of describing one's social location within a changing social context. Changes in sexual identity are, therefore, expected of mature individuals as they maintain an accurate description of their position vis-à-vis other individuals, groups, and institutions.
Perception, Attention and the Grand Illusion

This paper looks at two puzzles raised by the phenomenon of inattentional blindness. First, how can we see at all if, in order to see, we must first perceptually attend to that which we see? Second, if attention is required for perception, why does it seem to us as if we are perceptually aware of the whole detailed visual field when it is quite clear that we do not attend to all that detail? We offer a general framework for thinking about perception and perceptual consciousness that addresses these questions and we propose, in addition, an informal account of the relation between attention and consciousness. On this view, perceptual awareness is a species of attention.
The Inequities of the Digital Divide: Is E-Learning a Solution?

This article addresses the continuing digital divide in public education, one that defines itself largely along geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural lines. The article refutes the idea that the digital divide is dwindling due to increasing access to technology within the United States, instead focusing on digital literacy and cultural barriers as perpetuating the divide, causing economic, democratic, and social ramifications for those affected. Finally, e-learning is proposed as a potential solution to narrow the divide based on the ability to receive effective instruction without geographic restraints.
Social antecedents of children's trustworthiness

A total of 1329 children were tested twice across 1 year (M = 7 years 5 months of age at Time 1 (T1)) in the Zurich Project on Social Development. The measures at T1 were corporal punishment, neighbourhood trustworthiness and children's trustworthiness (not lying/cheating and not stealing). At Time 2 (T2), children reported the promise keeping of their classmates, which, via social relations analyses, yielded evidence for individual differences in reliability trustworthiness. Structural equation modelling analyses confirmed that there was stability in children's trustworthiness as a latent variable. The structural equation modelling further yielded evidence that (1) corporal punishment at T1 was negatively associated with children's trustworthiness at T1 and negatively predicted changes in children's trustworthiness and (2) neighbourhood trustworthiness at T1 was positively associated with children's trustworthiness at T1 and positively predicted changes in children's trustworthiness. The findings yielded support for the hypotheses that corporal punishment negatively, and neighbourhood trustworthiness positively, contributes to the development of trustworthiness in children. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The doctor-patient relationship and HIV-infected patients’ satisfaction with primary care physicians

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which perceptions of specific aspects of the doctor-patient relationship are related to overall satisfaction with primary care physicians among HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study of HIV-infected persons new to primary HIV care. Data were collected at enrollment and approximately 6 months later by in-person interview. SETTING: Two urban medical centers in the northeastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Patients seeking primary HIV care for the first time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome measure was patient-reported satisfaction with a primary care physician measured 6 months after initiating primary HIV care. Patients who were more comfortable discussing personal issues with their physicians (P=.021), who perceived their primary care physicians as more empathetic (P=.001), and who perceived their primary care physicians as more knowledgeble with respect to HIV (P=.002) were significantly more satisfied with their primary care physicians, adjusted for characteristics of the patient and characteristics of primary care. Collectively, specific aspects of the doctor-patient relationship explained 56% of the variation in overall satisfaction with the primary care physician. CONCLUSIONS: Patients’ perceptions of their primary care physician’s HIV knowledge and empathy were highly related to their satisfaction with this physician. Satisfaction among HIV-infected patients was not associated with patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, HIV risk characteristics, alcohol and drug use, health status, quality of life, or concordant patient-physician gender and racial matching.
‘There was never really any question of anything else': young people's agency, institutional habitus and the transition to higher education

International research into educational decision-making has been extensive, focusing on the way in which young people and their families assess the different options open to them. However, to what extent can we assume that different groups of young people have equal access to the information needed to make such an assessment? And what role, if any, do schools play in this process? Using in-depth qualitative interviews from two schools with very different student intakes, this paper examines the key influences that shape young people's choices. Decisions about whether to go on to higher education are found to reflect three sets of processes: individual habitus; the institutional habitus of the school, as reflected in the amount and type of guidance provided; and young people's own agency – namely, the conscious process whereby students seek out information on different options and evaluate these alternatives.
From the Seam to the Stove: greenhouse gas assessment and the coal seam gas industry in Australia

ABSTRACT In Australia, Coal Seam Gas (CSG) is a relatively new source of natural gas commonly advocated as a lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions alternative to coal. This study investigates how GHG emissions have been, and potentially could be, assessed within the Australian CSG industry. The research involved a document analysis of several Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) and consultant reports prepared as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for major CSG projects in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld). There were found to be inconsistencies in the conduct of greenhouse assessment by the CSG industry, including how complete and transparent assessments were, as well as how effectively they addressed project emission intensity and cumulative impacts. There were also found to be large inconsistencies between assessments carried out for Qld projects and those for NSW projects, likely because of differences in how assessment requirements are applied by planning bodies. This study also highlights how alternative assessment approaches, such as Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), have potential to enable a broader and more consistent understanding of emission sources that cross a range of geographical and project boundaries.
Explaining the Rate Spread on Corporate Bonds

The purpose of this article is to explain the spread between spot rates on corporate and government bonds. We find that the spread can be explained in terms of three elements: (1) compensation for expected default of corporate bonds (2) compensation for state taxes since holders of corporate bonds pay state taxes while holders of government bonds do not, and (3) compensation for the additional systematic risk in corporate bond returns relative to government bond returns. The systematic nature of corporate bond return is shown by relating that part of the spread which is not due to expected default or taxes to a set of variables which have been shown to effect risk premiums in stock markets Empirical estimates of the size of each of these three components are provided in the paper. We stress the tax effects because it has been ignored in all previous studies of corporate bonds.
Crowds and Pathos

Theodor Geiger is one of the sociological discipline's unappreciated classics. This article focuses on a particular and often neglected part of his work, the study of revolutionary crowds. The article has two main objectives. First, it presents and discusses Geiger's subtle and thoroughly sociological account of crowds and their revolutionary character. This includes an outlook to his theory of differentiation and to his critique of communitarian pathos in modern society. Second, the article demonstrates that Geiger's theory has much to offer contemporary debates on revolution. This is shown more specifically by contrasting Geiger's theory with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's recent work. According to Hardt and Negri, the present imperial world order may be radically transformed by a new revolutionary subject, the multitude. The article contends that in many respects Geiger's theory provides a more complex picture of the possibility of revolution.
Inhibition of zeaxanthin formation and of rapid changes in radiationless energy dissipation by dithiothreitol in spinach leaves and chloroplasts.

Dithiothreitol, which completely inhibits the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, was used to obtain evidence for a causal relationship between zeaxanthin and the dissipation of excess excitation energy in the photochemical apparatus in Spinicia oleracea L. In both leaves and chloroplasts, inhibition of zeaxanthin formation by dithiothreitol was accompanied by inhibition of a component of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching. This component was characterized by a quenching of instantaneous fluorescence (F(o)) and a linear relationship between the calculated rate constant for radiationless energy dissipation in the antenna chlorophyll and the zeaxanthin content. In leaves, this zeaxanthin-associated quenching, which relaxed within a few minutes upon darkening, was the major component of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching determined in the light, i.e. it represented the ;high-energy-state' quenching. In isolated chloroplasts, the zeaxanthin-associated quenching was a smaller component of total nonphotochemical quenching and there was a second, rapidly reversible high-energy-state component of fluorescence quenching which occurred in the absence of zeaxanthin and was not accompanied by F(o) quenching. Leaves, but not chloroplasts, were capable of maintaining the electron acceptor, Q, of photosystem II in a low reduction state up to high degrees of excessive light and thus high degrees of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching. When ascorbate, which serves as the reductant for violaxanthin de-epoxidation, was added to chloroplast suspensions, zeaxanthin formation at low photon flux densities was stimulated and the relationship between nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching and the reduction state in chloroplasts then became more similar to that found in leaves. We conclude that the inhibition of zeaxanthin-associated fluorescence quenching by dithiothreitol provides further evidence that there exists a close relationship between zeaxanthin and potentially photoprotective dissipation of excess excitation energy in the antenna chlorophyll.
The Number of Identical Kringle IV Repeats in Apolipoprotein(a) Affects Its Processing and Secretion by HepG2 Cells*

A variable number of 5.6-kilobase kringle IV repeats in the human apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) gene results in a size polymorphism of the protein and correlates inversely with the plasma levels of the atherogenic lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). In order to analyze whether this association reflects a direct effect of kringle IV repeat number on Lp(a) plasma concentration, we have studied the expression of recombinant apo(a) (r-apo(a)) isoforms in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. Following transient transfection of apo(a) cDNA expression plasmids that differed only in the number of kringle IV repeats, we observed a gradual decrease of Lp(a) in the medium of the cells with an increasing number of kringle IV repeats, mimicking the relationship present in humans in vivo. The analysis of apo(a) protein in the lysate and in the medium of cells that were transfected with a plasmid encoding an apo(a) isoform with 22 kringles revealed a predominant intracellular precursor with little secretion of the mature apo(a) protein. In contrast, transfection of a plasmid encoding an isoform with 11 kringles led to effective secretion of the mature peptide into the medium, indicating differential processing rates of apo(a) isoforms in the secretory path way. The intracellular accumulation of an apo(a) precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum was demonstrated by cell fractionation and [35S]Met metabolic labeling/temperature block experiments using HepG2 cells stably transfected with recombinant apo(a). The direct and causal effect of kringle IV repeat number on the expression of recombinant apo(a) in HepG2 cells, and presumably liver cells, provides a novel mechanism for the genetic regulation of the concentration of a protein.
Black emancipatory action research: integrating a theory of structural racialisation into ethnographic and participatory action research methods

The central purpose of this article is to introduce Black Emancipatory Action Research (BEAR) as a framework that will allow social scientists to explore the implications that ‘racing research and researching race’ have for methodological practices and knowledge production in the field of education and beyond (Twine and Warren 2003). Drawing on critical race theory (CRT), participatory action research (PAR), Critical Africentricity, and feminists scholarship (FS), the BEAR framework questions notions of objectivity and a universal foundation of knowledge by breaking down the barriers between the researched and the researcher and underscoring ethical principles such as self-determination, social justice, equity, healing and love. With its commitment to community capacity building, local knowledge, asset based research, community generated information and action as part of the inquiry process – BEAR represents an orientation to research that is highly consistent with Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy aimed at creating effective strategies of liberation from multiple forms of domination experienced by African Diasporic peoples.
Young people’s views of multi‐agency working

This article outlines the findings from an Economic and Social Research Council funded research project that investigated the impact of multi‐agency working on children and their families. It explored the ways in which young people experience multi‐agency working and it investigated whether young people perceive any benefits from a coordinated approach to frontline service delivery. The in‐depth, qualitative study focused on a cross‐section of five local authorities and collected data through semi‐structured interviews with young people and their parents. The study found that where multi‐agency working is effectively integrated and where different professional services are streamlined, there is evidence of a positive impact on young people and their families.
Patient's outcome of bladder cancer managed by radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy at a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of tumour staging and nodal metastases in predicting 5- year's survival after radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for primary bladder cancer. METHODS During the period 1995 to 2005, 58 patients underwent radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion at a University hospital. Patients were identified using medical indexing coding system (ICD 9CM) using standard key words. The patient records were analyzed and follow up data updated. Disease specific survival, death or recurrence was taken as end point. RESULTS Out of 58 patients, 50 (86%) were males and 8 (14%) females with a mean age of 61 +/- 13.1 years (range from 27 to 87 years). Of 58 patients, 11 (23%) were excluded from the study because of in adequate follow up. The mean follow up was 5.7 years (range, 7 months to 11 years). The overall 5 years survival was 55% with disease specific survival being 66%. Patients with pathological stage TO at cystectomy have 87% 5 years disease specific survival compared to 60%, in patients with pT4 (p = 0.705). The 5-year survival for node positive patients was 16%, compared to 60% for node negative patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is the standard treatment for muscle invasive and high grade T1 cancers, and as salvage for recurrent cancers. Lymphadenectomy has a potential therapeutic benefit. The pathological stage at cystectomy and nodal status are predictors of 5 years survival.
Pay for performance does not always increase performance

Pay for performance can have a positive or a negative influence on actual performance. The aim of this study was to give an explanation for this contradiction.We demonstrated that the variability of the payment can act as a stressor. According to the transactional model of stress, the influence on performance depends on the subjective interpretation of the variability as challenge or threat. Therefore we manipulated the degree of variability. The data showed decreasing performance for participants who preferred less-variable payments. They performed better under a less-variable rather than more-variable payment. The participants who preferred more-variable payment schemes showed the opposite pattern. These participants showed a higher performance under a more-variable rather than less-variable payment scheme.