Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increase in Systolic Blood Pressure of ≥ 30 mm Hg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure of ≥ 15 mm Hg During Pregnancy: Is It Pathologic?

Objective: To determine whether a rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 30 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 15 mm Hg in the absence of hypertension during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Method: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal study of 1498 pregnant women without hypertension or proteinuria in the first trimester. The blood pressure levels measured during the first (7.8 ± 2.3 weeks), second (20.7 ± 1.2 weeks), and third trimesters (38.6 ± 1.5 weeks) were analyzed. The perinatal outcome was compared between women who exhibited a rise in SBP ≥ 30 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 15 mm Hg during pregnancy (large Δ BP group) and women who did not (small Δ BP group) using one way analysis of variance, chi‐square test, or Fisher's exact test. The contribution of gestational hypertension and a large Δ BP to the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 1441 women who remained normotensive (SBP < 140 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg) during pregnancy, 238 (16.5%) and 1203 (83.5%) belonged to the large Δ BP and small Δ BP groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the occurrence rate of gestational proteinuria, preterm deliveries, low‐birth‐weight infants, or small‐for‐gestational age infants. A large Δ BP was not a risk factor in itself for the occurrence of gestational proteinuria or small‐for‐gestational age infants after controlling for the effect of gestational hypertension. Conclusion: A rise in SBP ≥ 30 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 15 mm Hg is not a risk factor of adverse outcome among women who remain normotensive during pregnancy.
Mechanosensory Neurons Innervating Aplysia Siphon Encode Noxious Stimuli and Display Nociceptive Sensitization

Numerous studies of learning and memory in Aplysiahave focused on primary mechanosensory neurons innervating the siphon and having their somata in the left E (LE) cluster of the abdominal ganglion. Although systematic analyses have been made of the responses of these LE cells to mechanical stimulation of the tightly pinned siphon, little is known about corresponding responses when the siphon is unrestrained. The present study demonstrates that LE mechanosensory thresholds in the freely moving siphon are much higher than in the pinned siphon. Light tactile stimuli adequate to activate central neurons and reflexive siphon movements often fail to activate the LE cells when the siphon is unrestrained. Because the LE cells display increasing discharge to increasing pressures, with maximal activation by crushing or tearing stimuli that cause tissue injury, they satisfy accepted definitions of nociceptor. Indeed, they show similarities to vertebrate Aδ nociceptors, including a property apparently unique (among primary afferents) to nociceptors—sensitization by noxious stimulation of their receptive field. Either pinching or pinning the siphon decreases LE cell mechanosensory threshold and enhances soma excitability. Such stimuli reduce effective tissue compliance and cause neuromodulation that enhances sensory responsiveness. These results, and recent descriptions of predatory attacks on Aplysia, suggest that LE sensory neurons are tuned to grasping and crushing stimuli that threaten or produce bodily harm. LE cell sensitization has effects, resembling hyperalgesia and allodynia, that compensate for loss of sensory function during injury and help protect against subsequent threats.
A Family of Equalizers for Optimal Sequence Detection

We present a family of equalizers and targets for certain intersymbol interference (ISI) channels with the property that the performance of a maximum-likelihood (ML) or maximum a posteriori (MAP) based detector for the target channel is also simultaneously optimal for the equalized channel. In particular, the MMSE decision feedback equalizer (DFE) belongs to this family of filters. Although, these solutions are infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, we can achieve good performance using finite impulse response (FIR) filters. We present an algorithm for designing equalizers and FIR targets that minimize the probability of sequence detection error
Suicide in Latin America: a growing public health issue.

INTRODUCTION Suicide has become an international public mental health challenge, resulting in a need for interventions to address it as an individual, family, and community levels. The current scope review assesses trends regarding suicide within Latin America and the Caribbean: risk factors, protective factors, and mediators of suicidal ideation and behavior. Body: Our review is split into three sections, as a way of addressing the complex topic of suicide in an organized, comprehensive manner: (i) epidemiology of suicide in Latin America and Caribbean; (ii) factors associated to suicide ideation and attempts; and (iii) cultural factors as a predictors and mediators of suicide. Further, proper evidence about the association between suicide and cultural dimensions such as Familismo, Machismo/Marianismo, Religion and Acculturation is provided. CONCLUSION Upon analyzing trends of and factors associated with suicide, we offer recommendations regarding future studies and intervention programs. We conclude that interventions and research should be based on and in response to cultural values and norms related to suicide within each community, in order to make more culturally-specific programs.
Differential response of benthic meiofauna to anoxia with special reference to Foraminifera (Protista: Sarcodina)

Sediments collected from the northwestern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean) were exposed to anoxic bottom-water conditions for more than 2 mo in order to examine the resistance of dominant meiobenthic taxa to prolonged anoxia. Copepods appeared to be most sensitive to anoxia, with densities being reduced to zero within 11 d. Compared to oxic conditions, densities of both nematodes and soft-shelled foraminifera were significantly lower under prolonged anoxia. In contrast, total hard-shelled foraminiferal densities did not differ significantly. This differential response resulted in a change in the meiobenthic community structure which was apparent after 1 mo. The change is reflected, and can be followed, in the foraminifera:nematode ratio, which is proposed as a bio- indicator of prolonged anoxia. The results clearly demonstrate that, among the meiobenthos, hard-shelled foraminifera are most resistant to prolonged anoxia. However, conditions resulting from the anoxic treatment (e.g. decreased biological interactions) were beneficial to some foraminiferal genera. This resulted in a shift in faunal patterns eventually leading to a strong reduction in foraminiferal generic diversity. Results also indicated that details of these trends may not be evident if only the part of the foraminiferal assemblage retained on a 63 mu m sieve is examined. [KEYWORDS: anoxia; meiobenthos; foraminifera; experiments Deep-sea sediments; southern north-sea; pore-water oxygen; sulfide gradients; organic-matter; microhabitats; tubes; microelectrode; diversity; tolerance]
Exploring Conditions For The Optimality Of Naïve Bayes

Naive Bayes is one of the most efficient and effective inductive learning algorithms for machine learning and data mining. Its competitive performance in classification is surprising, because the conditional independence assumption on which it is based is rarely true in real-world applications. An open question is: what is the true reason for the surprisingly good performance of Naive Bayes in classification? In this paper, we propose a novel explanation for the good classification performance of Naive Bayes. We show that, essentially, dependence distribution plays a crucial role. Here dependence distribution means how the local dependence of an attribute distributes in each class, evenly or unevenly, and how the local dependences of all attributes work together, consistently (supporting a certain classification) or inconsistently (canceling each other out). Specifically, we show that no matter how strong the dependences among attributes are, Naive Bayes can still be optimal if the dependences distribute evenly in classes, or if the dependences cancel each other out. We propose and prove a sufficient and necessary condition for the optimality of Naive Bayes. Further, we investigate the optimality of Naive Bayes under the Gaussian distribution. We present and prove a sufficient condition for the optimality of Naive Bayes, in which the dependences among attributes exist. This provides evidence that dependences may cancel each other out. Our theoretic analysis can be used in designing learning algorithms. In fact, a major class of learning algorithms for Bayesian networks are conditional independence-based (or CI-based), which are essentially based on dependence. We design a dependence distribution-based algorithm by extending the ChowLiu algorithm, a widely used CI based algorithm. Our experiments show that the new algorithm outperforms the ChowLiu algorithm, which also provides empirical evidence to support our new explanation.
Regulation of 2-deoxyglucose phosphate accumulation in Lactococcus lactis vesicles by metabolite-activated, ATP-dependent phosphorylation of serine-46 in HPr of the phosphotransferase system.

Lactococcus lactis takes up glucose and the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) via the phosphotransferase system and extrudes the accumulated sugar phosphates in a process apparently dependent on a cytoplasmic sugar-phosphate phosphatase. Uptake of 2DG into L. lactis vesicles was shown to be dependent on an energy source, effectively provided by intravesicular phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 2DG phosphate (2DG-P) accumulation in these vesicles was not inhibited, and preaccumulated 2DG-P was not released from them, upon electroporation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), gluconate 6-phosphate or 2-phosphoglycerate into the vesicles. Intravesicular but not extravesicular wild-type HPr of Bacillus subtilis alone stimulated uptake, but in the presence of any one of these metabolites, it prevented accumulation of 2DG-P. Intravesicular H15A mutant HPr inhibited uptake and allowed further inhibition of 2DG-P accumulation in the presence of the intravesicular metabolites. Intravesicular S46A mutant HPr stimulated uptake but could not promote inhibition in the presence of the phosphorylated metabolites. The S46D mutant HPr protein promoted regulation, even in the absence of a metabolite. The Vmax but not the Km value for 2DG uptake was affected. Accumulation of the natural, metabolizable substrates of the lactose, glucose, mannose and ribose permeases was inhibited by wild-type HPr in the presence of FDP or by S46D mutant HPr. The results establish that HPr serine phosphorylation by the ATP-dependent, metabolite-activated HPr kinase selectively determines the levels of sugar accumulation via the glucose and lactose permeases in L. lactis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The excess cost of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients aged 45 and older in England and Wales.

INTRODUCTION Chronic Bronchitis is a serious and costly health problem. Prevalence is estimated at 45 per 10,000 persons in the United Kingdom. Approximately 120,000 Pounds would be saved for every 100 hospital admissions avoided. A reduction in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), treatment failures, and subsequent hospital admission could have a significant impact on the burden of AECB borne by secondary care facilities in the UK National Health Service (NHS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to provide an economic assessment of the direct cost to the health care system associated with the management of chronic bronchitis and its acute exacerbations. DESIGN A prevalence-based, excess-cost-of-illness analysis is undertaken from the perspective of the UK NHS. Disease prevalence data, primary health care resource utilization, hospital inpatient and outpatient resource utilization, and costs of health care were taken from a variety of data sources, including a large UK national survey of general practice (GP) consultations, the General Practice Research Database, a survey from a single NHS hospital trust, and the national health-care resource and cost statistics. RESULTS From 1994 to 1995, approximately 233,000 cases of chronic bronchitis were detected in the persons aged 45 and older in the United Kingdom. Prevalence peaked at 204 per 10,000 in the group of subjects aged 75 to 84 years. During that same period, the total excess cost of primary care associated with AECB was calculated at 35.7 million Pounds. The largest component of primary care costs was the excess cost of all prescription medicines, which totaled 27.8 million Pounds. The excess cost attributed to antibacterial and respiratory prescription medications alone was estimated at 9 million Pounds. Excess costs attributed to GP consultations and hospital emergency room visits were 6.5 million Pounds and 1.3 million Pounds, respectively. The excess costs arising from inpatient hospital episodes included 8.3 million Pounds for hospital admissions, 660,000 Pounds for outpatient costs, and 225,000 Pounds for day care. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that improving the management of AECB with the objective of reducing the number of AECB treatment failures and the associated hospital admissions could significantly reduce expenditures by the UK NHS.
Dental implant surgery in patients in treatment with the anticoagulant oral rivaroxaban.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of bleeding complications after dental implant placement in patients in treatment by the anticoagulant oral rivaroxaban without interrupting its administration or modifying dosage. MATERIALS AND METHODS About 57 patients were divided into two groups: 18 had been in treatment by rivaroxaban for over 6 month before implant surgery and a control group consisted of 39 healthy subjects. All subjects received dental implants in different positions, without interrupting or modifying rivaroxaban dosage. Patients were treated in an outpatient setting. Non-absorbable sutures were used, and all patients were given gauze impregnated with tranexamic acid 5%, to bite on for 30-60 min. RESULTS One rivaroxaban patient presented moderate bleeding the day after surgery, and two control patients presented moderate bleeding the day after and on the second day. Bleeding was managed with gauzes impregnated with tranexamic acid. No statistically significant differences (P = 0.688) were found in relation to bleeding episodes between the groups, with a relative risk = 0.919 based on the pooled groups and 95% confidence interval of 0.078-10.844. CONCLUSIONS Dental implant surgery in patients taking the anticoagulant oral rivaroxaban can be performed safely in outpatients departments applying local hemostatic measures without the need to modify or interrupt anticoagulant medication.
Factors Associated with Singlehood.

Although there is a small but cumulative body of literature concerning the psychological sequelae of singlehood, there is remarkably little research concerned with singlehood as a dependent variable. The present study extends earlier demographic research on singlehood by reporting several childhood family life variables that are not available in studies based upon census and vital statistics data. The concern is with examining the structural and interactional features of the person 's childhood family of orientation as they relate to never marrying as an adult. Separate analysis is carried out for males and females throughout the paper. The study reveals several correlates of singlehood. The findings replicate earlier research in showing that higher levels of intelligence, education, and occupation are associated with singlehood among females. Poor interpersonal relations with parents and siblings in the family of orientation are associated with singlehood among males.
Decision making in the graduate selection interview: A field study

The influence of candidate non-verbal behaviour (NVB) upon interviewer impression formation in the graduate selection interview was investigated using a modified Brunswik lens model approach. The impact of three dysfunctions in interviewer decision making found to be salient in previous research was also examined: similar-to-me effect, personal liking bias and prototype bias. Thirty-eight graduate interviewers participated in the study and completed assessments on 330 interviewees for 14 diverse occupational groups. Interviewer outcome decisions were found to be substantially linearly dependent upon impressions of candidate personality which were in turn linearly dependent upon candidate facial area NVBs. Overall evaluations correlated r = . 50 with ratings of similarity-to-self and r = . 64 with ratings of personal liking, indicating the pervasive bias of these two factors. Virtually no significant differences were found in accepted candidate personality profiles across the 14 job functions, suggesting the marked impact of prototype bias upon interviewer decision making. Implications for graduate recruitment practices, particularly usage of the selection interview, are discussed.
Evaluating school leadership development through an international experience

In this study, we examine the impact of a study abroad experience on a group of students in an educational leadership doctoral programme. The researchers sought to measure the impact this experience had on diversity awareness of six pre-service school leaders. By using a qualitative exit interview and the quantitative Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale both pre-post to measure diversity awareness and shifts, the researchers were able to explore shifts in perceptions over time. It was found that every student experienced shifts in not only how they viewed diversity but also how they defined diversity.
The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports

We estimate the effect of high school graduation on participation in criminal activity accounting for endogeneity of schooling. We begin by analyzing the effect of high school graduation on incarceration using Census data. Instrumental variable estimates using changes in state compulsory attendance laws as an instrument for high school graduation uncover a significant reduction in incarceration for both blacks and whites. When estimating the impact of high school graduation only, OLS and IV estimators estimate different weighted sums of the impact of each schooling progression on the probability of incarceration. We clarify the relationship between OLS and IV estimates and show that the 'weights' placed on the impact of each schooling progression can explain differences in the estimates. Overall, the estimates suggest that completing high school reduces the probability of incarceration by about . 76 percentage points for whites and 3.4 percentage points for blacks. We corroborate these findings using FBI data on arrests that distinguish among different types of crimes. The biggest impacts of graduation are associated with murder, assault, and motor vehicle theft. We also examine the effect of drop out on self-reported crime in the NLSY and find that our estimates for imprisonment and arrest are caused by changes in criminal behavior and not educational differences in the probability of arrest or incarceration conditional on crime. We estimate that the externality of education is about 14-26% of the private return to schooling, suggesting that a significant part of the social return to education comes in the form of externalities from crime reduction.
THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY-INFRARED (NGVS-IR). I. A NEW NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET, OPTICAL, AND NEAR-INFRARED GLOBULAR CLUSTER SELECTION TOOL

The NGVS-IR project (Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey–Infrared) is a contiguous, near-infrared imaging survey of the Virgo cluster of galaxies. It complements the optical wide-field survey of Virgo (NGVS). In its current state, NGVS-IR consists of Ks-band imaging of 4 deg2 centered on M87 and J- and Ks-band imaging of ∼16 deg2 covering the region between M49 and M87. We present observations of the central 4 deg2 centered on Virgo's core region. The data were acquired with WIRCam on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, and the total integration time was 41 hr distributed over 34 contiguous tiles. A survey-specific strategy was designed to account for extended galaxies while still measuring accurate sky brightness within the survey area. The average 5σ limiting magnitude is Ks = 24.4 AB mag, and the 50% completeness limit is Ks = 23.75 AB mag for point-source detections, when using only images with better than 0. ″7 seeing (median seeing 0.″54). Star clusters are marginally resolved in these image stacks, and Virgo galaxies with AB mag arcsec−2 are detected. Combining the Ks data with optical and ultraviolet data, we build the uiKs color–color diagram, which allows a very clean color-based selection of globular clusters in Virgo. This diagnostic plot will provide reliable globular cluster candidates for spectroscopic follow-up campaigns, needed to continue the exploration of Virgo's photometric and kinematic substructures, and will help the design of future searches for globular clusters in extragalactic systems. We show that the new uiKs diagram displays significantly clearer substructure in the distribution of stars, globular clusters, and galaxies than the gzKs diagram—the NGVS + NGVS-IR equivalent of the BzK diagram that is widely used in cosmological surveys. Equipped with this powerful new tool, future NGVS-IR investigations based on the uiKs diagram will address the mapping and analysis of extended structures and compact stellar systems in and around Virgo galaxies.
Investigation of full-sequence training of deep belief networks for speech recognition

Recently, Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) have been proposed for phone recognition and were found to achieve highly competitive performance. In the original DBNs, only framelevel information was used for training DBN weights while it has been known for long that sequential or full-sequence information can be helpful in improving speech recognition accuracy. In this paper we investigate approaches to optimizing the DBN weights, state-to-state transition parameters, and language model scores using the sequential discriminative training criterion. We describe and analyze the proposed training algorithm and strategy, and discuss practical issues and how they affect the final results. We show that the DBNs learned using the sequence-based training criterion outperform those with frame-based criterion using both threelayer and six-layer models, but the optimization procedure for the deeper DBN is more difficult for the former criterion.