Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: an observational study

Objective: To investigate efficacy, toxicity, and drug discontinuation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with infliximab. Methods: 35 patients with AS with mean (SD) age 42.5 (12.6) years and mean (SD) disease duration 14.5 (8.0) years were studied for 2 years. Patients entering the study had a negative tuberculin skin test, were fully informed about the treatment, and were followed up regularly. Infliximab, 5 mg/kg weight, was given intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter. Data concerning infliximab tolerability, adverse events, interval, and drug discontinuation were all recorded. Clinical improvement according to the BASDAI and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Assessment Study group (ASAS) 20%, 40%, and ASAS 5/6 response criteria were recorded. Results: After 1 year, 20 (57%) patients achieved the BASDAI 50% response criteria, 25 (71%) achieved ASAS 20%, 23 (66%) reached ASAS 40%, and 18 (51%) attained ASAS 5/6. After 2 years’ treatment, 11 (31%) patients achieved BASDAI 50% response criteria, 14 (40%) ASAS 20%, 11 (31%) ASAS 40%, and 9 (26%) ASAS 5/6. Clinical improvement was associated with an improved BASFI and reduction of CRP. After 2 years’ treatment, “infliximab survival” was 89%. Treatment was well tolerated and adverse events were mild; 3 patients discontinued the study. Conclusion: Infliximab was effective, safe, and well tolerated in patients with AS.
How often do you wash your hands? A review of studies of hand-washing practices in the community during and after the SARS outbreak in 2003

Abstract We reviewed evidence of hand-washing compliance in community settings during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Literature was searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wan Fang database and Google. English and Chinese papers were reviewed. Studies containing data on hand-washing, self-reported or directly observed, in community settings were selected. Case-control studies and studies in healthcare settings were excluded. Fourteen studies were reviewed. Self-reported hand-washing compliance increased in the first phase of the SARS outbreak and maintained a high level 22 months after the outbreak. The decline of hand-washing in Hong Kong after SARS was relatively slow. A significant gender difference in hand-washing compliance (female > male) was found in eight studies. The importance of family support and ‘significant female others’ in hand hygiene promotion are noted. The impact of education is uncertain. Perceived susceptibility to and severity of SARS, and perceived efficacy of hand-washing in preventing SARS, also predicted self-reported hand-washing compliance.
Hyperspectral Image Spatial Super-Resolution via 3D Full Convolutional Neural Network

Hyperspectral images are well-known for their fine spectral resolution to discriminate different materials. However, their spatial resolution is relatively low due to the trade-off in imaging sensor technologies, resulting in limitations in their applications. Inspired by recent achievements in convolutional neural network (CNN) based super-resolution (SR) for natural images, a novel three-dimensional full CNN (3D-FCNN) is constructed for spatial SR of hyperspectral images in this paper. Specifically, 3D convolution is used to exploit both the spatial context of neighboring pixels and spectral correlation of neighboring bands, such that spectral distortion when directly applying traditional CNN based SR algorithms to hyperspectral images in band-wise manners is alleviated. Furthermore, a sensor-specific mode is designed for the proposed 3D-FCNN such that none of the samples from the target scene are required for training. Fine-tuning by a small number of training samples from the target scene can further improve the performance of such a sensor-specific method. Extensive experimental results on four benchmark datasets from two well-known hyperspectral sensors, namely hyperspectral digital imagery collection experiment (HYDICE) and reflective optics system imaging spectrometer (ROSIS) sensors, demonstrate that our proposed 3D-FCNN outperforms several existing SR methods by ensuring higher quality both in reconstruction and spectral fidelity.
A Psychophysical Investigation of Dimensionality Reduction

A cornucopia of dimensionality reduction techniques have emerged over the past decade, leaving data analysts with a wide variety of choices for reducing their data. Means of evaluating and comparing low-dimensional embeddings useful for visualization, however, are very limited. When proposing a new technique it is common to simply show rival embeddings side-by-side and let human judgment determine which embedding is superior. This study investigates whether such human embedding evaluations are reliable, i.e., whether humans tend to agree on the quality of an embedding. Our results reveal that, although experts are reasonably consistent in their evaluation of embeddings, novices generally disagree on the quality of an embedding. We discuss the impact of this result on the way dimensionality reduction researchers should present their results, and on applicability of dimensionality reduction outside of machine learning.
On the receptors involved in the nervous control of salivary secretion by Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier.

1. It has been shown that the isolated salivary glands of Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier produce fluid secretion in response to nerve stimulation or bath applications of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and 5‐HT. These catecholamines, of which dopamine is the most potent, evoked maximal responses matching that to nerve stimulation whereas 5‐HT was less effective. 2. The receptors combining with 5‐HT could be distinguished from those for the catecholamines and the transmitter at this salivary neuroglandular junction. 3. The results of experiments where glands were stimulated by dopamine in the presence of noradrenaline or adrenaline suggested that there are receptors with specific binding sites for dopamine. 4. The effects of several antagonists (Ginsborg, House & Silinsky, 1976) of the hyperpolarizing responses from acinar cells to nerve stimulation and the above agonists have been examined. Phentolamine reversibly suppressed the secretory responses to these stimuli whereas methysergide had no effect and ergometrine elicited fluid secretion in a dose‐dependent manner.
Human neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles

Abstract: The traditional classification of neutrophil granules as peroxidase‐positive (azurophil, or primary) and peroxidase‐negative (specific or secondary) has proven to be too simple to explain the differential exocytosis of granule proteins and incorporation of granule membrane into the plasma membrane which is an important aspect of neutrophil activation. Combined subcellular fractionation and immunoelectron microscopy has revealed heterogeneity among both peroxidase‐positive and peroxidase‐negative granules with regard to their content, mobilization and time of formation. Peroxidase‐negative granules may be classified according to their content of lactoferrin and gelatinase: 15% of peroxidase‐negative granules contain lactoferrin, but no gelatinase. 60% contain both lactoferrin and gelatinase. The term specific or secondary granule should be reserved for these two subsets. In addition, 25% of peroxidase‐negative granules contain gelatinase but no lactoferrin. These should be termed gelatinase granules or tertiary granules. Gelatinase granules are formed later than specific granules and mobilized more readily. In addition, a distinct, highly mobilizable intracellular compartment, the secretory vesicle, has now been recognized as an important store of surface membrane‐bound receptors. This compartment is formed in band cells and segmented cells by endocytosis. This heterogeneity among the neutrophil granules is of functional significance, and may also be reflected in the dysmaturation which is an important feature of myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic disorders.
The buoyant density of bovine and rabbit spermatozoa.

A study of the buoyant density of intact spermatozoa from the bull and rabbit is presented. Sodium chloride sodium nitrate potassium tartrate potassium iodide caesium chloride glycerol sucrose Ficoll bovine serum albumin a colloidal silica solution and the methyl glucamine salt of umbradilic acid were used as gradient solutions for zonal isopycnic gradient centrifugation. The gradients were pre-formed with a gradient machine constructed entirely of plastic and were layered with the diluted semen sample as a lamella. 1 low-density band and 1 high-density band were observed in the centrifugation tubes. The low-density ban ranged from a buoyant density of 1.16 to 1.19 g/ml with all gradients used while the high-density band ranged from 1.25 to 1.32 g/ml depending upon the gradient used. Aging and physical or chemical treatment of the cells resulted in a higher number of cells in the high-density band. There were no evident differences in cell size or shape in the highdensity band although the cells did exhibit a lower motility and fertility and greater eosinophilia than cells in the lower-density band. Lower-density cells were not permeable as were higher density cells. The subdivision of high-density cells indicates that the relative composition of the solids in the cell is altered.
Elongation of labia minora in Uganda: including Baganda men in a risk reduction education programme

Okukyalira ensiko or ‘visiting the bush’ is how, in Uganda, the Baganda people name the practice of elongating the labia minora, which young girls start performing before menarche. As a mandatory rite of passage that identifies membership of the tribe, one of its main purposes is to enhance sexual pleasure for both male and female partners. The conditions in which it is practiced involve certain physical health risks. In this qualitative study carried out in Wakiso district, a semi-structured interview was conducted among 31 Baganda men, in order to understand their perceptions, attitudes and knowledge toward the way in which their daughters practise labia minora elongation. According to our results, men highly value this practice for its capacity to enhance sexual stimulation even though they are aware of its risks. Since genital stretching is likely to endure, the authors discuss the possibility of addressing Baganda men by health workers in an education programme aimed at minimising the risks attached to the procedure and, hence, improving the sexual and reproductive health of Baganda girls.
Identification and Characterization of the CYP52 Family of Candida tropicalis ATCC 20336, Important for the Conversion of Fatty Acids and Alkanes to α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids

ABSTRACT Candida tropicalis ATCC 20336 excretes α,ω-dicarboxylic acids as a by-product when cultured on n-alkanes or fatty acids as the carbon source. Previously, a β-oxidation-blocked derivative of ATCC 20336 was constructed which showed a dramatic increase in the production of dicarboxylic acids. This paper describes the next steps in strain improvement, which were directed toward the isolation and characterization of genes encoding the ω-hydroxylase enzymes catalyzing the first step in the ω-oxidation pathway. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) and the accompanying NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (NCP) constitute the hydroxylase complex responsible for the first and rate-limiting step of ω-oxidation of n-alkanes and fatty acids. 10 members of the alkane-inducible P450 gene family (CYP52) of C. tropicalis ATCC20336 as well as the accompanying NCP were cloned and sequenced. The 10 CYP genes represent four unique genes with their putative alleles and two unique genes for which no allelic variant was identified. Of the 10 genes, CYP52A13 and CYP52A14 showed the highest levels of mRNA induction, as determined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR during fermentation with pure oleic fatty acid (27-fold increase), pure octadecane (32-fold increase), and a mixed fatty acid feed, Emersol 267 (54-fold increase). The allelic pair CYP52A17 and CYP52A18 was also induced under all three conditions but to a lesser extent. Moderate induction of CYP52A12 was observed. These results identify the CYP52 and NCP genes as being involved in α,ω-dicarboxylic acid production by C. tropicalis and provide the foundation for biocatalyst improvement.
CoNLL-2011 Shared Task: Modeling Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes

The CoNLL-2011 shared task involved predicting coreference using OntoNotes data. Resources in this field have tended to be limited to noun phrase coreference, often on a restricted set of entities, such as ace entities. OntoNotes provides a large-scale corpus of general anaphoric coreference not restricted to noun phrases or to a specified set of entity types. OntoNotes also provides additional layers of integrated annotation, capturing additional shallow semantic structure. This paper briefly describes the OntoNotes annotation (coreference and other layers) and then describes the parameters of the shared task including the format, pre-processing information, and evaluation criteria, and presents and discusses the results achieved by the participating systems. Having a standard test set and evaluation parameters, all based on a new resource that provides multiple integrated annotation layers (parses, semantic roles, word senses, named entities and coreference) that could support joint models, should help to energize ongoing research in the task of entity and event coreference.
A retrospective study of poisoning in Tehran.

OBJECTIVE To examine the causes and mortality of poisoning in Tehran. METHODS The 7000 poisoning cases referred to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran over six months in 1994 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The overall female to male ratio was 1.8:1. Most poisonings occurred in the age range 2-6 y for children and 21-40 y for adults. Oral ingestion was the most common route of intoxication. In children, boys had a higher frequency of poisonings than girls. Most cases of children were referred to the hospital between 8 am and 8 pm. In adults referred to the hospital, there was little diurnal variation in poisoning presentations. In adults, drugs were the most common cause of intoxication (60.2%). Of these, benzodiazepines (24.5%) were the most frequent, followed by antidepressants (20.5%) and analgesics (18%). Pesticide and opiate intoxications were also commonly observed. In children, after drugs (32.1%), hydrocarbons were the most frequent cause of poisoning (19.2%). Pesticide poisonings were most often fatal (19.2%), followed by barbiturates (18.6%) and opiates (16.2%). Organophosphate insecticides were responsible for 57% of total pesticide poisoning cases. Of the deaths, 87.5% were attributed to suicide. CONCLUSION The majority of poisoning cases in adults occur intentionally and in children accidentally.
Effect of Different Age of Rootstocks on Success of Softwood Grafting Technique in Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a monotypic genus tree belonging to the family Leguminosae, sub-family caesalpiniaceae with somatic chromosome number of 2n=24 (Purseglove et al., 1987). It is indigenous to Tropical Africa and Southern India (Nas, 1979). India exports processed tamarind pulp to western countries mainly European and Arab countries and more recently the USA (Rao and Mathew, 2012). It is estimated that India produces an annual production of pulp over 1.99 lakh tones and exported the tamarind products worth of rupees 57 crores per annum during 2017-18 (Anon., 2017). It International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
FREQUENCY AND PREDICTOR FACTORS OF IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS

Objective: Referral pains are one of the most common challenges which dentists are faced with them during diagnosis and before treatment. Pain referral can take place in tooth and other craniofacial structures and influence the diagnostic process. The present study was accomplished to evaluate the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis in patients refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain. Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional type of study conducted on 100 patients(21 males and 79 females) refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain. Informed consent was taken from patients. Data obtained from medical history, dentistry history, clinical examinations, and radiography were recorded in questionnaire developed for this purpose. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS18 software, Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: In the present research, the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis was obtained to be 77%. This prevalence in female was significantly more than males (P-value = 0.021). Patients with irreversible pulpit significantly reported more severe pain (p-value=0.000) and pain at the real site (p-value=0.028). The frequency of irreversible pulpitis showed no significant correlation with age and type of pain (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the findings of this research, the prevalence of irreversible pulpitis in patients refferd to Endodontic department of dental school of shahid Sadoughi University in 2017 with chief complaint of pain was three times more than that of other diseases. This frequency showed significant relationship with factors of gender, pain severity, and the pain feeling site.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apoe-related Biomarker Profiles in Non-pathological Aging and Early Phases of Alzheimer's Disease

Keywords: ApoE Alzheimer's disease Mild cognitive impairment Neurodegeneration White matter integrity Imaging Cognition a b s t r a c t Individuals carrying the *E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the biological mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear because of the complexity of the pathological processes that cause AD. Furthermore, the effect of APOE genotype on development, maintenance and aging of the normal brain is poorly understood because of the strong bias toward studying disease associations. In vivo techniques such as neuroimag-ing and cognitive testing offer valuable insights into the effects of APOE genotype on brain structure and function in healthy and clinical populations. We review the evidence from in vivo studies that APOE *E4, in addition to increasing the chance of age-related pathological events, is associated with age-independent non-pathological changes in brain physiology, some of which make the brain less resilient to neurodegenerative processes. We argue that the interaction between the APOE-dependent non-pathological vulnerabilities and age-related pathological changes is one mechanism that can trigger neurodegeneration, resulting in AD and other complex phenotypes. ଝ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Verbal Fluency in Spanish-Speaking Children: Analysis Model According to Task Type, Clustering, and Switching Strategies and Performance Over Time

Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are extensively used to measure strategic retrieval and executive functioning. Results for total production of words, clustering and switching strategies, and performance over time for Spanish-speaking children are provided. A total of 120 children, ranging in age from 8 to 11, were divided by age into two groups and evaluated. A higher total score for words produced in the semantic compared with the phonological task, a correlation between clustering and switching strategies and total score, and decreased task performance over time were evidenced. These scores were higher in the older group. Moreover, an association was found between verbal fluency tasks, strategies employed, and cognitive executive functions. This indicates that clustering and switching strategies provide indicators of strategic retrieval and executive processes. Together the results suggest that these fluency scores are valuable to measure underlying cognitive processes and retrieval strategies and therefore could be useful to assess executive function deficits in children.
Sero-prevalence of HPV-16 IgG Antibodies and Its Association with Socio Demographic Features of Women in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

Aim: To determine the sero-prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus type 16(HPV-16) immunoglobulin G antibodies and its association with socio-demographic features of women attending some clinics in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. Study Design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Kogi State specialist hospital and Federal medical Centre, Lokoja. Kogi State, Nigeria, between June and October, 2015. Methodology: We included 400 participants (380 pregnant and 20 non pregnant women; age range 15 to 45 years) attending the hospitals during the duration of the research. Serum samples were analysed for human papilloma virus type 16 IgG using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and questionnaire was also administered to obtain demographic features of the participants. Results: The prevalence of human papilloma virus type 16 IgG antibodies was found to be 10%. The occurrence of IgG antibodies to human papilloma virus was found to be statistically associated with educational status and occupation (P = 0.020 and 0.036 respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of human papilloma virus was high. Cervical screening centres should be established in all areas of the state and awareness campaigns should be organized to afford young women the knowledge and dangers of cervical cancer and preventive measures.
Superferric Cold Iron Quadrupole Magnets for FRIB Fragment Separator

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams under construction at Michigan State University, a new national user facility funded by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science, will provide exotic rare isotope beams at energies of at least 200 MeV/u at a beam power of 400 kW. One part of the FRIB fragment separator has four sets of quadrupole triplets that operate in a low-radiation environment. The designs of these large bore (0.5 m), superferric quadrupoles with gradients as high as 12.5 T/m and effective length of 650 and 800 mm are presented. The current design is “cold iron” magnets with nominal yoke lengths of 550 mm and 735 mm, and pole radii of 200 mm and 250 mm. The coil design is based on wet wound epoxy impregnated Formvar insulated conductor that provides ample current margin, similar to existing magnets in operation at NSCL. This paper presents the detailed magnet design including coil forces, coil restrain system, coil properties, conductor stability, quench analysis, and full mechanical details.
The Human Toxome Project

Summary The Human Toxome Project, funded as an NIH Transformative Research grant 2011–2016, is focused on developing the concepts and the means for deducing, validating and sharing molecular pathways of toxicity (PoT). Using the test case of estrogenic endocrine disruption, the responses of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are being phenotyped by transcriptomics and mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics. The bioinformatics tools for PoT deduction represent a core deliverable. A number of challenges for quality and standardization of cell systems, omics technologies and bioinformatics are being addressed. In parallel, concepts for annotation, validation and sharing of PoT information, as well as their link to adverse outcomes, are being developed. A reasonably comprehensive public database of PoT, the Human Toxome Knowledge-base, could become a point of reference for toxicological research and regulatory test strategies.