Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials

QUANTUM ESPRESSO is an integrated suite of computer codes for electronic-structure calculations and materials modeling, based on density-functional theory, plane waves, and pseudopotentials (norm-conserving, ultrasoft, and projector-augmented wave). The acronym ESPRESSO stands for opEn Source Package for Research in Electronic Structure, Simulation, and Optimization. It is freely available to researchers around the world under the terms of the GNU General Public License. QUANTUM ESPRESSO builds upon newly-restructured electronic-structure codes that have been developed and tested by some of the original authors of novel electronic-structure algorithms and applied in the last twenty years by some of the leading materials modeling groups worldwide. Innovation and efficiency are still its main focus, with special attention paid to massively parallel architectures, and a great effort being devoted to user friendliness. QUANTUM ESPRESSO is evolving towards a distribution of independent and interoperable codes in the spirit of an open-source project, where researchers active in the field of electronic-structure calculations are encouraged to participate in the project by contributing their own codes or by implementing their own ideas into existing codes.
siRNA Has Greatly Elevated Mismatch Tolerance at 3′-UTR Sites

It has been noted that target sites located in the coding region or the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) can be silenced to significantly different levels by the same siRNA, but little is known about at what specificity the silencing was achieved. In an exploration of positional effects on siRNA specificity by luciferase reporter system, we surprisingly discovered that siRNA had greatly elevated tolerance towards mismatches in target sites in the 3′-UTR of the mRNA compared with the same target sites cloned in the coding region. Assessment of changes in protein and mRNA levels suggested that the differential mismatch tolerance might have resulted from location-specific translational repression in the 3′-UTR. Ablation of argonaute proteins by AGO-specific siRNAs revealed that the AGO2 had major impact on siRNA silencing activity against sites in both coding region and 3′-UTR, while the silencing of nonnucleolytic AGO proteins (AGO1, AGO3 and AGO4) did not significantly affect silencing of sites in either region. This paper revealed the discovery that the specificity of an siRNA can be affected by the location of its target site.
CFD Simulation of the Flow around NREL Phase VI Wind Turbine

The simulation of the turbulent and potentially separating flow around a rotating, twisted, and tapered airfoil is a challenging task for CFD simulations. This thesis describes CFD simulations of the NREL Phase VI turbine that was experimentally characterized in the 24.4m × 36.6m NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel. All computations in this research are performed on the experimental base configuration of 0 o yaw angle, 3 o tip pitch angle, and a rotation rate of 72 rpm. The significance of specific mesh resolution regions to the accuracy of the CFD prediction is discussed. The ability of CFD to capture bulk quantities, such as the low speed shaft torque, and the detailed flow characteristics, such as the surface pressure distributions, are explored for different inlet wind speeds. Finally, the significant three-dimensionality of the boundary layer flow is demonstrated.
Constrained TST MUSIC for joint spatio-temporal channel parameter estimation in DS/CDMA systems

Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hwa University, Hsingchu, TaiwanSummaryIn this paper, we present a blind and robust algorithm to jointly estimate the directions of arrival (DOAs) andpropagation delays in DS/CDMA systems. The rationale of the proposed approach is a hybrid of one-dimensional(1-D) multiple signal classiﬁcation (MUSIC) algorithms and constrained spatial/temporal ﬁltering processes.As previously addressed TST MUSIC, two temporal (T)-MUSIC and one spatial (S)-MUSIC are employedalternatively in the proposed algorithm to estimate the group delays and the DOAs respectively. However, byutilizing the structure of the data model, no training sequences are required. Furthermore, a constrained temporalﬁltering process and a constrained spatial beamforming process, which minimize the ﬁltered noise power under aset of judiciously chosen linear constraints, are now employed after the T-MUSIC and S-MUSIC respectively.These ﬁltering processes aim to effectively partition the incoming rays and to be robust against the propagationerrors in the tree-structured estimation scheme so that the overall performance can be enhanced. Also, theincoming rays are grouped, isolated and estimated, and the pairing of the estimated delays and DOAs is auto-matically achieved without extra computational overhead. Furnished simulations show that the new approachcan exhibit satisfactory performance with low complexity compared with previous works. Copyright # 2005John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEY WORDS: DOA; TOA & AOA separation; MUSIC; CDMA1. IntroductionInwirelesscommunicationsystems,amultipathchan-nel is characterized by the directions of arrival(DOAs) as well as the time delay of the propagationpaths. Joint estimation of the angle and delay of eachpath can not only help us locate the mobile units, butalso attain improved channel estimates, which cansigniﬁcantly improve the system performance [1,2]. Also, the number of paths can be larger than that ofantennas. As such, it is of importance to develop highresolution, yet low complexity algorithms to jointlyestimate these two channel parameters.The traditional DOA estimation algorithms [3] orthetimedelayestimationalgorithms[4],whichdonotmake full use of the space-time characteristics of the
Economic Analysis of Hybrid Solar Dryer for Ginger Drying

Ginger is one of the most important spice and cash crop of the world. It is being cultivated in India for both as fresh vegetable and as a dried spice. It also has many medicinal properties and sometimes it is used as medicine. Gingerol, an oleoresin in ginger accounts for the aromatic and pungent characteristics, which makes it indispensible in the preparation of food, beverages and medicine (Sundari et al., 2013). It is cultivated in India, China, Japan, Nigeria and Indonesia. India is the largest producer and consumer of ginger contributing about 32.75% (305900 tons) of total world’s ginger production (Aggarwal, 2012). The consumption trend show that 50 % is utilised as green ginger, 30 % is converted into dry ginger and only 20 % used as seed materials. Major market is capture by dried ginger and exported due to its medical properties, which is used in the treatment of stomach ache, nausea, indigestion, asthma etc. (Sundari et al., 2013).
Corpus-level Fine-grained Entity Typing Using Contextual Information

This paper addresses the problem of corpus-level entity typing, i.e., inferring from a large corpus that an entity is a member of a class such as "food" or "artist". The application of entity typing we are interested in is knowledge base completion, specifically, to learn which classes an entity is a member of. We propose FIGMENT to tackle this problem. FIGMENT is embedding-based and combines (i) a global model that scores based on aggregated contextual information of an entity and (ii) a context model that first scores the individual occurrences of an entity and then aggregates the scores. In our evaluation, FIGMENT strongly outperforms an approach to entity typing that relies on relations obtained by an open information extraction system.
Second-Order Rigidity and Prestress Stability for Tensegrity Frameworks

Method for joining a dielectric or semi-conductive element to a metallic layer employing a combination of heating techniques. The substrate upon which the metallic layer is already deposited is heated to a "background" temperature substantially below the temperature required for bonding, to reduce the local temperature rise required to perform the bond and to reduce the shock experienced by the substrate due to thermal gradients which occur during the bonding cycle. The bonding energy in the form of radiant energy, is focussed upon the side of the substrate opposite to the side on which the bond is to be formed, and in the region of said bond, and is at a level sufficient to heat the interface to a temperature greater than the bond point to enable the two materials to flow together and form the bond. Focussing the bonding energy upon the opposite surface of the substrate causes the bonding surface of the element to be hotter than the bulk of the element thus causing a thermal gradient across the element such that the top surface of the semi-conductor element is much cooler than the under surface, providing an enhanced margin of safety in preventing thermal damage to active zones or thermally sensitive regions in the element being bonded. The dielectric or semi-conductive element being bonded to the metal layer is often scrubbed across the metal layer to enhance formation of the bond by removing oxide coatings which may have formed on the element and which would otherwise reduce the effectiveness of the bond.
Amnesic H.M.'s performance on the language competence test: Parallel deficits in memory and sentence production

To test conflicting hypotheses regarding amnesic H.M. 's language abilities, this study examined H.M. 's sentence production on the Language Competence Test (Wiig & Secord, 1988). The task for H.M. and 8 education-, age-, and IQ-matched controls was to describe pictures using a single grammatical sentence containing prespecified target words. The results indicated selective deficits in H.M. 's picture descriptions: H.M. produced fewer single grammatical sentences, included fewer target words, and described the pictures less completely and accurately than did the controls. However, H.M. 's deficits diminished with repeated processing of unfamiliar stimuli and disappeared for familiar stimuli—effects that help explain why other researchers have concluded that H.M. 's language production is intact. Besides resolving the conflicting hypotheses, present results replicated other well-controlled sentence production results and indicated that H.M. 's language and memory exhibit parallel deficits and sparing. Present results comport in detail with binding theory but pose problems for current systems theories of H.M. 's condition.
Introduction to Bernoulli percolation

2 Everyone’s toolbox 4 2.1 Increasing coupling . 4 2.2 Harris-FKG inequality . 6 2.3 The van den Berg Kesten and the Reimer inequalities . 7 2.4 Margulis-Russo formula . 9 2.5 Ergodicity . 11
Multivariate analysis of variance test for gene set analysis

MOTIVATION Gene class testing (GCT) or gene set analysis (GSA) is a statistical approach to determine whether some functionally predefined sets of genes express differently under different experimental conditions. Shortcomings of the Fisher's exact test for the overrepresentation analysis are illustrated by an example. Most alternative GSA methods are developed for data collected from two experimental conditions, and most is based on a univariate gene-by-gene test statistic or assume independence among genes in the gene set. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) approach is proposed for studies with two or more experimental conditions. RESULTS When the number of genes in the gene set is greater than the number of samples, the sample covariance matrix is singular and ill-condition. The use of standard multivariate methods can result in biases in the analysis. The proposed MANOVA test uses a shrinkage covariance matrix estimator for the sample covariance matrix. The MANOVA test and six other GSA published methods, principal component analysis, SAM-GS, analysis of covariance, Global, GSEA and MaxMean, are evaluated using simulation. The MANOVA test appears to perform the best in terms of control of type I error and power under the models considered in the simulation. Several publicly available microarray datasets under two and three experimental conditions are analyzed for illustrations of GSA. Most methods, except for GSEA and MaxMean, generally are comparable in terms of power of identification of significant gene sets. AVAILABILITY A free R-code to perform MANOVA test is available at http://mail.cmu. edu.tw/~catsai/research.htm. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Electrokinetic trapping at the one nanometer limit

Anti-Brownian electrokinetic traps have been used to trap and study the free-solution dynamics of large protein complexes and long chains of DNA. Small molecules in solution have thus far proved too mobile to trap by any means. Here we explore the ultimate limits on trapping single molecules. We developed a feedback-based anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap in which classical thermal noise is compensated to the maximal extent allowed by quantum measurement noise. We trapped single fluorophores with a molecular weight of < 1 kDa and a hydrodynamic radius of 6.7 Å for longer than one second, in aqueous buffer at room temperature. This achievement represents an 800-fold decrease in the mass of objects trapped in solution, and opens the possibility to trap and manipulate any soluble molecule that can be fluorescently labeled. To illustrate the use of this trap, we studied the binding of unlabeled RecA to fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA. Binding of RecA induced changes in the DNA diffusion coefficient, electrophoretic mobility, and brightness, all of which were measured simultaneously and on a molecule-by-molecule basis. This device greatly extends the size range of molecules that can be studied by room temperature feedback trapping, and opens the door to further studies of the binding of unmodified proteins to DNA in free solution.
Localized Minimum-Latency Broadcasting in Multi-rate Wireless Mesh Networks

We address the problem of minimizing the worst-case broadcast delay in multi-rate wireless mesh networks (WMN) in a distributed and localized fashion. Efficient broadcasting in such networks is especially challenging due to the multi-rate transmission capability and the interference between wireless transmissions of WMN nodes. We propose connecting dominating set (CDS) based broadcast routing approach which calculates the set of forwarding nodes and the transmission rate at each forwarding node independent of the broadcast source. Thereafter, a forwarding tree is constructed taking into consideration the source of the broadcast. In this paper, we propose three distributed and localized rate-aware broadcast algorithms. We compare the performance of our distributed and localized algorithms with previously proposed centralized algorithms and observe that the performance gap is not large. We show that our algorithms greatly improve performance of rate-unaware broadcasting algorithms by incorporating rate-awareness into the broadcast tree construction algorithm process.
Relationships of Balance, Gait Performance, and Functional Outcome in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Comparison of Left and Right Lesions

Introduction. This study compared the balance by center of pressure (COP) and its relationship with gait parameters and functional independence in left (LH) and right (RH) chronic stroke patients. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, twenty-one hemiparetic stroke patients were assessed for Functional Independence Measure (FIM), balance with a force platform, and gait in the Motion Analysis Laboratory. Results. The amplitudes of the COP in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were similar in both groups. The anteroposterior direction was greater than the mediolateral direction. Only the temporal parameters showed any statistically significant differences. The LH showed a significant correlation between stride length, step length, and gait velocity with COP velocity sway for the healthy and paretic lower limbs. In both groups, the area of COP was significantly correlated with stride length. Motor FIM was significantly correlated with the COP in the LH group. Conclusion. There was no difference in the performance of balance, gait, and functional independence between groups. The correlation of the COP sway area with stride length in both groups can serve as a guideline in the rehabilitation of these patients where training the static balance may reflect the improvement of the stride length.
Cerebral Lateralization of Pro- and Anti-Social Tendencies

Mounting evidence suggest that the right-hemisphere (RH) has a relative advantage, over the left-hemisphere (LH), in mediating social intelligence - identifying social stimuli, understanding the intentions of other people, awareness of the dynamics in social relationships, and successful handling of social interactions. Furthermore, a review and synthesis of the literature suggest that pro-social attitudes and behaviors are associated with physiological activity in the RH, whereas unsocial and anti-social tendencies are mediated primarily by the LH. This hemispheric asymmetry is rooted in several neurobiological and functional differences between the two hemispheres. (I) Positive social interactions often require inhibiting one's immediate desires and considering the perspectives and needs of others. Given that self-control is mediated by the RH, pro-social emotions and behaviors are, therefore, inherently associated with the RH as it subserves the brain's self-restraint mechanisms. (II) The RH mediates experiences of vulnerability. It registers the relative clumsiness and motor weakness of the left limbs, and it is involved, more than the LH, in processing threats and mediating fear. Emotional states of vulnerability trigger the need for affiliation and sociality, therefore the RH has a greater role in mediating pro-social attitudes and behaviors. (III) The RH mediates a holistic mode of representing the world. Holistic perception emphasizes similarities rather than differences, takes a long-term perspective, is associated with divergent thinking and seeing other points-of-view, and it mediates a personal mode of relating to people. All these features of holistic perception facilitate a more empathetic attitude toward others and pro-social behaviors.
Nurses' Perceptions of Simulation-Based Interprofessional Training Program for Rapid Response and Code Blue Events

Following completion of an interprofessional simulation program for rapid response and code blue events, we explored hospital unit nurses' perspectives of the training, through a mixed-methods analysis. The results of this study advocate for the use of simulation training in preparing nurses and promoting communication among team members, effective teamwork, and early recognition of clinically deteriorating patients. This study provides support for the implementation and continued use of simulation interprofessional programs in hospital settings.
A convex characterization of gain-scheduled H∞ controllers

An important class of linear time-varying systems consists of plants where the state-space matrices are fixed functions of some time-varying physical parameters /spl theta/. Small gain techniques can be applied to such systems to derive robust time-invariant controllers. Yet, this approach is often overly conservative when the parameters /spl theta/ undergo large variations during system operation. In general, higher performance can be achieved by control laws that incorporate available measurements of /spl theta/ and therefore "adjust" to the current plant dynamics. This paper discusses extensions of H/sub /spl infin// synthesis techniques to allow for controller dependence on time-varying but measured parameters. When this dependence is linear fractional, the existence of such gain-scheduled H/sub /spl infin// controllers is fully characterized in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The underlying synthesis problem is therefore a convex program for which efficient optimization techniques are available. The formalism and derivation techniques developed here apply to both the continuous- and discrete-time problems. Existence conditions for robust time-invariant controllers are recovered as a special case, and extensions to gain-scheduling in the face of parametric uncertainty are discussed. In particular, simple heuristics are proposed to compute such controllers. >
THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER POPULATION OF NGC 7457: CLUES TO THE EVOLUTION OF FIELD S0 GALAXIES

In this paper, we present the results of a wide-field imaging study of the globular cluster (GC) system of the field S0 galaxy NGC 7457. To derive the global properties of the GC system, we obtained deep BVR images with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope and Minimosaic Imager and studied the GC population of NGC 7457 to a projected radius of ∼30 kpc. Our ground-based data were combined with archival and published Hubble Space Telescope data to probe the properties of the GC system close to the galaxy center and reduce contamination in the GC candidate sample from foreground stars and background galaxies. We performed surface photometry of NGC 7457 and compared the galaxy's surface brightness profile with the surface density profile of the GC system. The profiles have similar shapes in the inner 1′ (3.9 kpc), but the GC system profile appears to flatten relative to the galaxy light at larger radii. The GC system of NGC 7457 is noticeably elliptical in our images; we measure ϵ = 0.66 ± 0.14 for the GC distribution, which is consistent with our measured ellipticity of the galaxy light. We integrated the radial surface density profile of the GC system to derive a total number of GCs, NGC = 210 ± 30. The GC specific frequencies normalized by the galaxy luminosity and mass are SN = 3.1 ± 0.7 and T = 4.8 ± 1.1, respectively. Comparing the derived GC system properties and other empirical data for NGC 7457 to S0 formation scenarios suggests that this field S0 galaxy may have formed in an unequal-mass merger.
Examination of the secondary structure of proteins by deconvolved FTIR spectra

Fourier transform ir (FTIR) spectra of 21 globular proteins have been obtained at 2 cm−1 resolution from 1600 to 1700 cm−1 in deuterium oxide solution. Fourier self‐deconvolution was applied to all spectra, revealing that the amide I band of each protein except casein consists of six to nine components. The components are observed at 11 well‐defined frequencies, although all proteins do not exhibit components at every characteristic frequency. The root mean square (RMS) deviation of 124 individual values from the 11 average characteristic frequencies is 1.9 cm−1. The observed components are assigned to helical segments, extended beta‐segments, unordered segments, and turns. Segments with similar structures do not necessarily exhibit band components with identical frequencies. For instance, the lower frequency beta‐structure band can vary within a range of approximately 15 cm−1. The relative areas of the individual components of the deconvolved spectra were determined by a Gauss–Newton, iterative curve‐fitting procedure that assumed Gaussian band envelopes for the deconvolved components. The measured areas were used to estimate the percentage of helix and beta‐structure for each of 21 globular proteins. The results are in good general agreement with values derived from x‐ray data by Levitt and Greer. The RMS deviation between 22 values (alpha‐ and beta‐content of 11 beta‐rich proteins measured by both techniques) is 2.5 percentage points; the maximum absolute deviation is 4 percentage points.