Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rats.

2 Abstract: The efficacy of silymarin on lipid metabolism as evaluate by the changes of total lipids, cholesterol, lipoproteins and triglycerides in rats was studied. Fifty rats were divided into five groups. The group1 was fed on standard diet during all the period of experiment; group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed on egg yolk for 20days to induce hypercholesterolemia. Group2 received egg yolk and injected with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) during the experimental time (7 days). Groups 3, 4 and 5 received egg yolk and injected with silymarin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg during the 7days, respectively). Animals were sacrificed after the end of treatments and blood samples were collected. The results showed significantly increase in serum total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoproteins), HDL (high density lipoproteins), VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) in non treated animals compared to control, but these parameters showed highly significant decrease in animal treated with silymarin. In conclusion, silymarin reduced blood total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and Lipoprotein.
Value Congruence between Co-Workers and its Relationship to Work Outcomes

Value congruence between co-workers is an important dimension of an individual's fit with the work environment. This study examined the relationship of value congruence between co-workers and various work-related outcomes in an industrial setting. Findings indicated that tenure moderated the relationship between value congruence and facet satisfactions and attendance, such that value congruence related positively to beneficial outcomes for lower tenured employees. The relationship between value congruence and performance outcomes was moderated by the extent to which the job required that individuals work closely with others. When job interdependence was high, value congruence had a positive relationship with a supervisory performance rating.
Motivation for treatment in patients with substance use disorder: personal volunteering versus legal/familial enforcement

Background Motivation for treatment on the part of patients with addictive disorders is known to affect their prognosis, and lack thereof is reported to be among the most common reasons for failed treatment adherence and relapse after treatment. This study evaluated the relationship between volunteering, personality, demographic factors, and motivation for treatment. Methods The study was conducted at a substance dependence center in the eastern part of Turkey. Forty-five patients (mean age 37.9±11.2 years) with a substance use disorder were included. They were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Axis II disorders. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck depression and anxiety inventories, and motivation for treatment was measured using the Turkish version of the Texas Christian University Motivation for Treatment scale. Results All patients had been using substances daily and 41 (88.9%) had been using multiple drugs. The most commonly used substance was heroin (n=18, 40%). Voluntary admission was a predictor of motivation for treatment (P<0.05). Having a personality disorder and higher depression scores were related to less motivation for treatment. Conclusion Motivation for treatment is affected by external factors such as type of admission and internal factors such as personality disorder and depression. Investigation of ways to encourage voluntary admission for treatment instead of enforced strategies may be helpful for achieving higher levels of motivation for treatment in substance users.
Phonological Processes in the Speech of Jordanian Arabic Children With Cleft Lip and/or Palate

The controlled and free speech of 15 Jordanian male and female children with cleft lip and/or palate was analyzed to account for the different phonological processes exhibited. Study participants were divided into three main age groups, 4 years 2 months to 4 years 7 months, 5 years 3 months to 5 years 6 months, and 6 years 4 months to 6 years 6 months, with bilateral or unilateral cleft lip and/or palate. Based on a productivity scale of a 20% or higher occurrence, results indicated the use of five productive processes: consonants backing, lateralization, depharyngealization, stopping, and final consonant deletion. Other phonological processes—for example, strident deletion, consonant harmony, fronting, syllable reduction, devoicing, liquid gliding, and deaffrication—did not reach the 20% or higher productivity scale. Age correlated significantly with the phonological processes, with the youngest group exhibiting these processes more than the other two groups did. There was no significant correlation between gender and phonological processes usage.
Molecular systematics and divergence estimates of Pakistani mosquitoes in genus Anopheles.

The present study explored the phylogenetic utility of mt-ND5 gene sequences for mosquitoes in genus Anopheles. Phylogenetic tree employing the Maximum Parsimony methods in PAUP strongly supported the traditional taxonomy of genus. Subgenus Anopheles represented by a single species i.e. Anopheles nigerrimus initially separated out from the rest with a strong bootstrap value of 100. Subgenus Cellia representing bulk of Pakistani mosquitoes showed a monophyletic lineage (bootstrap value: 97). Using two fossil calibration points (both at 34 Mya) mtDNA divergence times were estimated within a sympatric group of Anophelines of Pakistan. The divergence time between Subgenera Anopheles and Cellia was estimated at approximately 6 million years ago i.e. between mid to late Pliocene. Series Neocellia (Anopheles splendidus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles annularis, Anopheles pulcherrimus) diverged some 5.7 million years ago from Myzomyia (Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles fluviatilis), while speciation within the respective series took place during the Pleistocene about 0.7 million years ago. The present study, shows Pliocene as the starting point for mosquito evolution while Pleistocene as the point of diversification. The ongoing climate change, uplifting of Himalaya, evolution of a monsoon system, rising and falling of the sea level are perhaps those features of Pleistocene that might have led to the process of speciation in genus Anopheles of Pakistan.
Developing Teacher Candidates' Self-Efficacy Through Reflection and Supervising Teacher Support

The purpose of this study was to explore the complex cognitive and affective challenges of teacher candidates in their development toward self-efficacy in their teaching. Twenty-two teacher candidates recorded their challenges and thinking process during the last six weeks of their practicum. Following their placement, they completed a summative reflection, in which they noted changes in themselves and described when or if they felt confident as classroom teachers. Four themes emerge as the challenge or condition for their self-efficacy: effective classroom management, successful curriculum planning and implementation, positive rapport with students, and supervising teacher approval. This research suggests that teacher preparation program educators can support teacher candidates’ self-efficacy by understanding the developmental stages of teachers, supporting critical reflection, and using motivational and descriptive feedback to improve practical skills. Keywords: teacher self-efficacy; reflection; concerns-based stages model; transformational learning theory; and supervising teacher
Motivation and English language learning in a multicultural university context

Israeli university students who have difficulty reading academic texts in English are required to take reading comprehension courses in English for academic purposes (EAP) in order to complete their BA degree. Whereas most students pass the courses, some repeatedly fail. Since Israel is a multilingual country, there is also a question about whether speakers of minority languages feel disadvantaged in comparison to speakers of the majority language (Hebrew). While research has been carried out on university students taking EAP courses, little is known about the connections between students' motivations and their attitudes toward university studies and language learning in a multicultural university context. A questionnaire was administered to 194 students with English as a foreign language (144 women and 50 men) born in Israel and abroad. Native languages (spoken until age 6) included Hebrew (62), Arabic (113), English (3), Russian (10), and Amharic/Tigrit (5), with a good deal of overlap. Results indicated the importance of motivational issues in language learning. Links were found among EAP course grades, attitudes toward university studies, and attitudes toward language learning and English. The differences of EAP course grades across native language did not appear to affect students' attitudes toward university or language study.
Rademacher Complexity Margin Bounds for Learning with a Large Number of Classes

This paper presents improved Rademacher complexity margin bounds that scale linearly with the number of classes as opposed to the quadratic dependence of existing Rademacher complexity margin-based learning guarantees. We further use this result to prove a novel generalization bound for multi-class classiﬁer ensembles that depends only on the Rademacher complexity of the hypothesis classes to which the classiﬁers in the ensemble belong
Within-Person Variability in Job Performance

Although both researchers and practitioners know that an employee’s performance varies over time within a job, this within-person performance variability is not well understood and in fact is often treated as error. In the current paper, we first identify the importance of a within-person approach to job performance and then review several extant theories of within-person performance variability that, despite vastly different foci, converge on the contention that job performance is dynamic rather than static. We compare and contrast the theories along several common metrics and thereby facilitate a discussion of commonalities, differences, and theory elaboration. In so doing, we identify important future research questions on within-person performance variability and methodological challenges in addressing these research questions. Finally, we highlight how the conventional practical implications articulated on the basis of a static, between-person perspective on job performance may need to be modified to account for the dynamic, within-person nature of performance.
The Crystal Structure of Tetanus Toxin Hc Fragment Complexed with a Synthetic GT1b Analogue Suggests Cross-linking between Ganglioside Receptors and the Toxin*

Tetanus toxin, a member of the family ofClostridial neurotoxins, is one of the most potent toxins known. The crystal structure of the complex of the COOH-terminal fragment of the heavy chain with an analogue of its ganglioside receptor, GT1b, provides the first direct identification and characterization of the ganglioside-binding sites. The ganglioside induces cross-linking by binding to two distinct sites on the Hc molecule. The structure sheds new light on the binding ofClostridial neurotoxins to receptors on neuronal cells and provides important information relevant to the design of anti-tetanus and anti-botulism therapeutic agents.
The re-enchantment of the world : secular magic in a rational age

"The Re-Enchantment of the World" is an interdisciplinary volume that challenges the long-prevailing view of modernity as 'disenchanted'. There is of course something to the widespread idea, so memorably put into words by Max Weber, that modernity is characterized by the 'progressive disenchantment of the world'. Yet what is less often recognized is the fact that a powerful counter-tendency runs alongside this one, an overwhelming urge to fill the vacuum left by departed convictions, and to do so without invoking superseded belief systems.In fact, modernity produces an array of strategies for re-enchantment, each fully compatible with secular rationality. It has to, because God has many 'aspects' - or to put it in more secular terms, because traditional religion offers so much in so many domains. From one thinker to the next, the question of just what, in religious enchantment, needs to be replaced in a secular world receives an entirely different answer. Now, for the first time, many of these strategies are laid out in a single volume, with contributions by specialists in literature, history, and philosophy.
The effects of dietary advice and vouchers on the intake of fruit and fruit juice by pregnant women in a deprived area: a controlled trial

Abstract Objective To examine the effectiveness of two methods of increasing fruit and fruit juice intake in pregnancy: midwives' advice and vouchers exchangeable for juice. Design Pregnant women were randomly allocated to three groups: a control group, who received usual care; an advice group, given advice and leaflets promoting fruit and fruit juice consumption; and a voucher group, given vouchers exchangeable for fruit juice from a milk delivery firm. Dietary questionnaires were administered at ~16, 20 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Serum β-carotene was measured at 16 and 32 weeks. Setting An antenatal clinic in a deprived area. Subjects Pregnant women aged 17 years and over. Results The study comprised 190 women. Frequency of fruit consumption declined during pregnancy in all groups, but that of fruit juice increased substantially in the voucher group. Serum β-carotene concentration increased in the voucher group, from 106.2 to 141.8 μmol l− 1 in women with measurements on both occasions (P = 0.003), decreased from 120.0 to 99.8 μmol l− 1 in the control group (P = 0.005), and was unchanged in the advice group. Conclusions Pregnant women drink more fruit juice if they receive vouchers exchangeable for juice supplied by the milk delivery service. Midwives' advice to eat more fruit has no great effect. Providing vouchers for fruit juice is a simple method of increasing its intake in a deprived population and may be useful for other sections of the community.
Doing Gender in Academic Education: The Paradox of Visibility

Recent contributions in the field of gender and organization point to the notion of paradox to unveil the persistence of gender inequality in organizations. This article seeks to contribute to this growing body of knowledge. We used the notion of paradox to reveal the processes of doing gender at an earth science department of a Dutch university in order to find out whether gender segregation in academic and professional careers has already started during academic education. We focused on the study choices of female students in earth sciences and discovered the paradox of visibility, which enabled us to show the contradictory and ambiguous nature of how gender is done at this department. In this article we discuss the relationship between doing gender and paradox on a theoretical as well as an empirical level. We argue that paradoxes could be very useful when analysing doing gender in organizations, because paradoxes focus on the social process in which individual agency and social structures come together. We even suggest that paradoxes might help us to disrupt the hierarchical nature of the gender binary, because they allow for a constant reflection on ambiguity and contradictions in theorizing as well as in practice. _428 451.470
The Nature of Stressors Reported by People with an Intellectual Disability

[Abstract]: There is no systematic empirical research base on stress perceived by people with an intellectual disability. This is somewhat surprising considering the changes in philosophy and service delivery models across the western world that have resulted in people with an intellectual disability having to be at the forefront of massive attitudinal shifts within society. In this study, administration of the Lifestress Inventory to 459 people with a mild or moderate intellectual disability and to a reference group of university students revealed that people with a disability reported experiencing an average of 8.57 stressors in a list of 31 stressors, while students reported experiencing an average of 12.02 of these same stressors. When the ratings of the individual stressors were examined, however, it was clear that whilst the disabled group expereinced fewer stressors, they tended to assign higher impact values (on a scale from 1 to 4) to the stressors they did experience (p < .001). Comparisons between the nature of stressors reported by both groups revealed that students reported significantly more occasions where they were not coping and more general worries, while people with an intellectual disability reported slightly more stress from negative interpersonal relationships. Achieving a clearer picture of the stressors impinging upon the lives of people with an intellectual disability is a critical factor in the design of appropriate programs of interventions.
Millennial archaeology. Locating the discipline in the age of insecurity

Abstract This discussion article responds to a forum question posed by the editors of Archaeological dialogues: ‘is archaeology useful? ’ My response initially moves backward from the question, considering whether archaeology ought to be useful, how it has been useful in the past, and the millennial overtones of the question in our present climate of crisis. I critique the primary way in which archaeology attempts to be useful, as a dowsing rod for heritage through ‘public archaeology’. While European archaeology has long been aware of the dangers of nationalism, in the Americas this danger is cloaked by a focus on indigenous and minority histories. I then move forward through the question and urge colleagues to embrace an archaeological agenda geared towards the future rather than the past. My hope is that transatlantic dialogue will be politically useful in reorienting archaeological research towards supranational problems such as climate change, hunger and population stress.
"Well, hang on, they're actually much better than that!": Disrupting dominant discourses of deficit about English language learners in senior high school English

This paper explores how four English teachers position their English language learners for critical literacy within senior high school curriculum in Queensland, Australia. Such learners are often positioned, even by their teachers, within a broader "deficit discourse" that claims they are inherently lacking the requisite knowledge and skills to engage with intransigent school curricula. As such, English language learners' identity formation is often constrained by deficit views that can ultimately see limited kinds of literacy teaching offered to them. Using Fairclough's (2003) critical discourse analysis method, analysis of 16 interviews with the teachers was conducted as part of a larger, critical instrumental case study in two state high schools during 2010. Five competing discourses were identified: deficit as lack; deficit as need; learner "difference" as a resource; conceptual capacity for critical literacy; and linguistic, cultural and conceptual difficulty with critical literacy. While a deficit view is present, counter-hegemonic discourses also exist in their talk. The combination of discourses challenges monolithic deficit views of English language learners, and opens up generative discursive territory to position English language learners in ways other than "problematic". This has important implications for how teachers view and teach English language learners and their capacity for critical literacy work in senior high school classrooms.
Multilinear Supervised Neighborhood Preserving Embedding Analysis of Local Descriptor Tensor

Subspace learning based pattern recognition methods have attracted considerable interests in recent years, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and some extensions for 2D analysis. However, a disadvantage of all these approaches is that they perform subspace analysis directly on the reshaped vector or matrix of pixel-level intensity, which is usually unstable under appearance variance. In this chapter, we propose to represent an image as a local descriptor tensor, which is a combination of the descriptor of local regions (K*K-pixel patch) in the image, and is more efficient than the popular Bag-Of-Feature (BOF) model for local descriptor combination. As we know that the idea of BOF is to quantize local invariant descriptors, e.g., obtained using some interest-point detector techniques by Harris & Stephens (1998), and a description with SIFT by Lowe (2004) into a set of visual words by Lazebnik et al. (2006). The frequency vector of the visual words then represents the image, and an inverted file system is used for efficient comparison of such BOFs. However. the BOF model approximately represents each local descriptor feature as a predefined visual word, and vectorizes the local descriptors of an image into a orderless histogram, which may lose some important (discriminant) information of local features and spatial information hold in the local regions of the image. Therefore, this paper proposes to combine the local features of an image as a descriptor tensor. Because the local descriptor tensor retains all information of local features, it will be more efficient for image representation than the BOF model and then can use a moderate amount of local regions to extract the descriptor for image representation, which will be more effective in computational time than the BOF model. For feature representation of image regions, SIFT proposed by Lowe (2004) is improved to be a powerful local descriptor by Lazebnik et al. (2006) for object or scene recognition, which is somewhat invariant to small illumination change. However, in some benchmark database such as YALE and PIE face data sets by Belhumeur et al. (1997), the illumination variance is very large. Then, in order to extract robust features invariant to large illumination, we explore an improved gradient (intensity-normalized gradient) of the image and use histogram of orientation weighed with the improved gradient for local region representation.
Clinical and histologic description of ocular anatomy in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus).

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and histologic ocular anatomy of the black-tailed prairie dog (PD). ANIMALS STUDIED Seventeen captive black-tailed PDs (11 males and six females), ranging in age from approximately 4 months to 4.5 years. PROCEDURES Complete ocular examinations, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The globes (n = 2) of one black-tailed PD were harvested immediately after euthanasia and processed after formalin fixation. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, chromogranin A, claudin-5, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin was performed for light microscopic evaluation. RESULTS A thick mucinous precorneal tear film was present on the ocular surface. A vestigial nictitating membrane was identified in the medial canthus area. The limbus was heavily pigmented, the iris was a dark homogenous brown, and the pupil was round. Funduscopically, there was no tapetum lucidum, the retinal vascular pattern was holangiotic, and a horizontally elongated optic disk was visualized. The most common ocular abnormalities were acquired eyelid margin defects, present in seven eyes of six black-tailed PDs (35.3%). On histologic examination, the retina was asymmetric, thicker below the optic disk and thinner above it. CONCLUSIONS The black-tailed PD fundus is atapetal with a holangiotic retinal vessel pattern and a horizontally elongated optic disk. Acquired lesions of the peri-ocular and eyelid region were the most common documented abnormality. Unique anatomic features of the globe and adnexa were confirmed with histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.