Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Method of Predicting US and State‐Level Cancer Mortality Counts for the Current Calendar Year

Every January for more than 40 years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has estimated the total number of cancer deaths that are expected to occur in the United States and individual states in the upcoming year. In a collaborative effort to improve the accuracy of the predictions, investigators from the National Cancer Institute and the ACS have developed and tested a new prediction method. The new method was used to create the mortality predictions for the first time in Cancer Statistics, 2004 and Cancer Facts & Figures 2004. The authors present a conceptual overview of the previous ACS method and the new state‐space method (SSM), and they review the results of rigorous testing to determine which method provides more accurate predictions of the observed number of cancer deaths from the years 1997 to 1999. The accuracy of the methods was compared using squared deviations (the square of the predicted minus observed values) for each of the cancer sites for which predictions are published as well as for all cancer sites combined. At the national level, the squared deviations were not consistently lower for every cancer site for either method, but the average squared deviations (averaged across cancer sites, years, and sex) was substantially lower for the SSM than for the ACS method. During the period 1997 to 1999, the ACS estimates of deaths were usually greater than the observed numbers for all cancer sites combined and for several major individual cancer sites, probably because the ACS method was less sensitive to recent changes in cancer mortality rates (and associated counts) that occurred for several major cancer sites in the early and mid 1990s. The improved accuracy of the new method was particularly evident for prostate cancer, for which mortality rates changed dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At the state level, the accuracy of the two methods was comparable. Based on these results, the ACS has elected to use the new method for the annual prediction of the number of cancer deaths at the national and state levels.
Halo Properties in Models with Dynamical Dark Energy

We study the properties of dark matter (DM) halos in several models in which we have included dark energy (DE). We consider both dynamical DE, due to a scalar field self-interacting through Ratra-Peebles or supergravity potentials, and DE with constant negative w = p/ρ > -1. We find that at zero redshift, both the nonlinear power spectrum of DM and the mass function of halos do not depend appreciably on the state equation of DE, which implies that both statistics are almost indistinguishable from those of Λ-dominated cold dark matter (ΛCDM). This result is consistent with the nonlinear treatment in the accompanying paper and is also a welcome feature, because ΛCDM fits a large variety of data. On the other hand, DE halos differ from ΛCDM halos in that they are denser in their central parts, because DE halos collapsed earlier. Nevertheless, such differences are not so large. For example, the density at 10 kpc of a ~1013 M☉ DE halo is only 50% denser than the ΛCDM halo. This means that DE does not ease the problem with cuspy DM profiles. Addressing another cosmological problem, the abundance of subhalos, we find that the number of satellites of halos in various DE models does not change with respect to ΛCDM when normalized to the same circular velocity as the parent halo. Most of the above similarities are related to choosing for all models the same normalization factor σ8 at z = 0. At high redshifts, different DE and ΛCDM models have different amplitudes of fluctuations, which causes substantial deviations of halo properties to occur. Therefore, the way to find which DE equation of state gives the best fit to the observed universe is to look at the evolution of halo properties. For example, the abundance of galaxy groups with mass larger than 1013 h-1 M☉ at z ≳ 2 can be used to discriminate between the models and thus to constrain the nature of DE.
Steps Toward Participatory Design of Social Robots: Mutual Learning with Older Adults with Depression

This paper presents the results of research aimed at developing a methodology for the participatory design of social robots, which are meant to be incorporated into various social contexts (e.g. home, work) and establish social relations with people. In contrast to the dominant technologically driven robot development process, we aim to develop a socially robust and responsible approach to robot design using Participatory Design (PD) methods. The PD process builds on participants' self-identified issues and concerns, and develops robot concepts according to participants' interpretations of the capabilities and potential applications of robotic technologies. We present methodological insights from an ongoing PD project aimed at designing socially assistive robots with older adults diagnosed with depression and their therapists, and identify remaining challenges in this project. We particularly focus on supporting mutual learning between researchers and participants and on promoting active participation of older adults as “designers” (rather than consumers) as foundational aspects of PD. We conclude with reflections regarding how this work can contribute to the further development of social robots and relevant PD methodologies.
Microwave Thermal Emission at Tycho Area and Its Geological Significance

Tycho crater is the most prominent crater of Copernican era, the study on whose microwave thermal emission (MTE) can help us better understand the internal structures of the Moon surface. In this paper, the spatial and temporal features of the MTE at Tycho area are studied using the microwave sounder [Chang'E Lunar Microwave Sounder (CELMS)] data combined with TiO2 abundance, surface slope and roughness, and rock abundance data of the lunar regolith. The results indicate that Tycho crater is not only a hot spot at the southern crater wall, but also a cold spot at the northern crater floor. Moreover, the surface slope and its orientation is the dominant factor influencing the thermal anomalies at Tycho crater, whereas the surface roughness, rock abundance, and TiO2 abundance have a lesser effect. Furthermore, the brightness temperature difference data indicate variations between the surface and substrate structure, demonstrating the potential applications of the CELMS data for geological studies of the Moon surface.
Respiratory Failure in Children With Hemato-oncological Diseases Admitted to the PICU: A Single-center Experience

Respiratory failure (RF) is a main cause of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission in children with hemato-oncological diseases. We present a retrospective chart review of children admitted to our PICU because of RF (January 2006 to December 2010). The aims of this study are the following: (1) to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics and respiratory management of these children; and (2) to identify the factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) and mortality. A total of 69 patients, encompassing 88 episodes, were included (55/88 cases were hypoxemic RF). The first respiratory support at PICU admission was, in decreasing order of frequency, high-flow oxygen nasal cannula (HFNC; 50/88), noninvasive ventilation (NIV; 13/88), and oxygen nasal cannula (16/88). MV was necessary in 47/88 episodes, 38/47 after another respiratory support. In 18/28 children with initial NIV, MV was required later. MV was associated with O-PRISM score, NIV requirement, suspected respiratory infection, and days of PICU treatment. Patients without MV showed an increased survival rate (P=0.001). In summary, the hypoxemic RF was the main cause of PICU admission, and HFNC or NIV was almost always the first respiratory support. The use of MV was associated with a higher mortality rate. The utility of precocious HFNC or NIV should be investigated in larger clinical studies.
Morality stereotyping as a basis of women’s in-group favoritism: An implicit approach

Four studies used three different implicit methods (the BriefIAT, Affect Misattribution Procedure, and Lexical Decision Task) to measure women’s gender stereotypes of violence, strength, competence, trustworthiness, and sociability. Analyses of response latencies in Study 1 (N = 100) showed that these stereotypes were based more in in-group favoritism than out-group derogation. Consistent with recent evidence that morality is central to the positive evaluation of in-groups, it was the implicit stereotype of women as more trustworthy that best predicted their implicit in-group favoritism across studies, r(249) = . 27. Only by examining such specific stereotype content could we assess the moral stereotype of trustworthiness as distinctly tied to in-group favoritism. Alternative analyses of the two global dimensions of group evaluation (i.e., agency/competence and communion/warmth) obscured differences between the more specific stereotypes. Implications for theory and research on stereotype content, as well as the group favoritism of disadvantaged groups, are discussed.
Aperiodic Pointlikes and Beyond

We prove that if $\pi$ is a recursive set of primes, then pointlike sets are decidable for the pseudovariety of semigroups whose subgroups are $\pi$-groups. In particular, when $\pi$ is the empty set, we obtain Henckell's decidability of aperiodic pointlikes. Our proof, restricted to the case of aperiodic semigroups, is simpler than the original proof.
The Hausdorff Dimension of Julia Sets of Entire Functions IV

It is known that, for a transcendental entire function f, the Hausdorff dimension of J(f) satisfies 1 ⩽ dimJ(f) ⩽ 2. For each d ∈ (1, 2), an example of a transcendental entire function f with dimJ(f) = d is given. It is then indicated how this function can be modified to produce a transcendental meromorphic function F with one pole with dimJ(F) = d. These appear to be the first examples of Julia sets with non‐integer dimensions whose dimensions have been calculated exactly.
FMEA Based Risk Assessment of Component Failure Modes in Industrial Radiography

Industrial radiography has its inimitable role in non-destructive examinations. Industrial radiography devices, consisting of significantly high activity of the radioisotopes, are operated manually by remotely held control unit. Malfunctioning of these devices may cause potential exposure to the operator and nearby public, and thus should be practiced under a systematic risk control. To ensure the radiation safety, proactive risk assessment should be implemented. Risk assessment in industrial radiography using the Failure Modes & Effect Analysis (FMEA) for the design and operation of industrial radiography exposure devices has been carried out in this study. Total 56 component failure modes were identified and Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) were assigned by the FMEA expert team, based on the field experience and reported failure data of various components. Results shows all the identified failure modes have RPN in the range of 04 to 216 and most of the higher RPN are due to low detectability and high severity levels. Assessment reveals that increasing failure detectability is a practical and feasible approach to reduce the risk in most of the failure modes of industrial radiography devices. Actions for reducing RPN for each failure mode have been suggested. Feasibility of FMEA for risk assessment in industrial radiography has been established by this study
Self-Concepts in Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking: A Multidimensional and Hierarchical Structure and Its Generalizability Across Native and Foreign Languages.

Academic self-concept has been conceptualized as a multidimensional and hierarchical construct. Previous research has mostly focused on its multidimensionality, distinguishing between verbal and mathematical self-concept domains, and only a few studies have examined the factorial structure within specific self-concept domains. The present study aims to extend the scarce evidence of the simultaneous operation of multidimensionality and hierarchy within language self-concepts. Skill-specific (i.e., reading, listening, speaking, and writing) and global self-concept measures for German as students’ native language and English and French as students’ foreign languages were administered to a sample of 4,257 ninth-grade German students. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated better levels of fit for multidimensional models with highly correlated but separate factors for each skill-specific self-concept compared to unidimensional models. The skill-specific facets could be aggregated into a higher order factor for each language, demonstrating a hierarchical structure. Differential gender effects on the various skill-specific self-concept facets provided further evidence of the multidimensional nature of language self-concepts, although differential relations to skill-specific achievement measures were not found. The high correlation between the higher order and global self-concept factors as well as similar gender effects and relations to achievement supported the notion of the similarity of both constructs. A comparable pattern of results emerged across the 3 languages, but detailed inspection indicated that multidimensionality seems to be more pronounced in the native language domain (German). The findings of the study are discussed regarding their implications for the assessment of language self-concepts and future research on the structure of language self-concepts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Visual interaction with ambiguous edges : perception, pointing and prehension

The current investigation examined perceptual and movement responses to evaluate the possibility of unique representations guiding the outcomes of perceptual and motor-based responses. In two experiments the quality of visual luminance edges was manipulated and the outcomes of three visually based tasks, namely perceptual estimates, pointing, and prehensile/grasping movements were measured. The findings provided evidence for the use of unique representations of stimulus features that are task specific.
Black students’ experiences of transformation at a previously “white only” South African university: a photovoice study

ABSTRACT South African higher education has faced much structural transformation since the dismantling of apartheid, and yet remains a racialized space. Despite a stated commitment to transformation in university policy nationally, lay discourses of transformation are highly contested. In these debates, black students are often represented in stigmatizing ways; which affect students’ self-esteem and academic performance. This paper explores black students’ experiences of transformation at the University of Cape Town (UCT), a previously “white only” university, based on the results of a photovoice project. The data analysed are drawn from focus groups, personal reflections, photographs and written stories exploring their experiences at UCT. The findings suggest that there is a failure of transformation at UCT, characterized by the dominance of whiteness in the institution. The paper also discusses how many students internalize the negative stereotypes they encounter whilst others use coping mechanisms and strategies to resist the discourse of black inferiority.
PENGARUH TERAPI BERMAIN : BIBLIOTERAPI TERHADAP PENURUNAN RESPON MALADAPTIF PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH SETELAH DIPASANG INFUS

Abstract Invasive procedure : Infuse mointing is one of medical procedure that make trouble to preschool patient. It needs specific communication so they can give adaptive coping to nursing care. The obyective of study was to analyze the effect of bibliotherapy to maladactive response decrease for preschool after infuse lighted. The research uses Quasy Experiment Pretest-Post test Control Group Design , the population is preschool patient that have been infuse mointed in child department RSD Jombang, the sample is 20 respondent by using purposive sampling. We gathered the data by observation method and then we tabulated using distribution frequency and we use T-test with mean level α 0,05. After giving bibliotherapie by using T-test we get ρ = 0,04 with mean level α 0,05 that mean playing therapy (bibliotherapy) is influence to make maladaptive response decrease for preschool kids after infuse mointing. This Result showed Bibliotherapy is communication technique and also playing theraphy that can help kids to adapt with the environment so maladaptive response kids will less and their anxiety is decrease. Keyword : bibliotherapy, maladaptive response, preschool kids, infuse
African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control 1995–2015: Model-Estimated Health Impact and Cost

Background Onchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease. Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 countries. In this study, we estimate the health impact of APOC and the associated costs from a program perspective up to 2010 and provide expected trends up to 2015. Methods and Findings With data on pre-control prevalence of infection and population coverage of mass treatment, we simulated trends in infection, blindness, visual impairment, and severe itch using the micro-simulation model ONCHOSIM, and estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to onchocerciasis. We assessed financial costs for APOC, beneficiary governments, and non-governmental development organizations, excluding cost of donated drugs. We estimated that between 1995 and 2010, mass treatment with ivermectin averted 8.2 million DALYs due to onchocerciasis in APOC areas, at a nominal cost of about US$257 million. We expect that APOC will avert another 9.2 million DALYs between 2011 and 2015, at a nominal cost of US$221 million. Conclusions Our simulations suggest that APOC has had a remarkable impact on population health in Africa between 1995 and 2010. This health impact is predicted to double during the subsequent five years of the program, through to 2015. APOC is a highly cost-effective public health program. Given the anticipated elimination of onchocerciasis from some APOC areas, we expect even more health gains and a more favorable cost-effectiveness of mass treatment with ivermectin in the near future.
A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine for Sedation During Vascular Procedures

Objective: To examine the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a primary sedative during vascular procedures performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). A total of 55 patients were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive either DEX 1.0 μg/kg load or DEX 0.5 μg/kg load versus midazolam (MDZ) boluses, the current standard of care. This was followed by a maintenance infusion of DEX versus a normal saline infusion for the control group. Midazolam was given in 0.5 mg increments to maintain an equivalent target level of sedation among the 3 study groups. Fentanyl was given in 25 μg increments to treat pain as needed. The percentage of DEX patients not requiring MDZ and the total dose of MDZ and fentanyl were compared to the control. Dexmedetomidine was efficacious as a sole sedative for 50% of patients. The total dose of MDZ and fentanyl was significantly less during the DEX infusions. Patient satisfaction was superior with DEX.
Subchronic exposure to diflubenzuron causes health disorders in neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus

The action of diflubenzuron (DFB) was evaluated in a freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, after exposure to 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, or 0.50 mg L−1 DFB for 14 days. Erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA), the gill activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase, H+‐ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and histopathological changes in the gills and liver were determined. The number of micronuclei increased in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L−1 DFB. Plasma Cl− and the CA activity decreased, while the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase and of H+‐ATPase increased in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L−1 DFB. LPO did not change in the gills but increased in the liver of fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L−1 DFB. In the gills, histopathological changes indicated disperse lesions and slight to moderate damage in fish exposed to 0.50 mg L−1 DFB, whereas in the liver, these changes were significantly greater in fish exposed to 0.25 and 0.50 mg L−1 DFB, indicating moderate to severe damage. Continuous exposure to DFB is potentially toxic to P. lineatus, causing heath disorders when the fish is exposed to the two highest DFB concentrations, which are applied to control parasites in aquaculture and to control mosquito populations in the environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 533–542, 2016.
Structural Attributes of Two Old-Growth Cross Timbers Stands in Western Arkansas

Abstract Comprised of largely non-commercial, xeric, oak-dominated forests, the Cross Timbers in Arkansas have been heavily altered over the last two centuries, and thus only scattered parcels of old-growth timber remain. We inventoried and mapped two such stands on Fort Chaffee Military Training Center in Sebastian County, Arkansas. The west-facing Christmas Knob site is located on an isolated hill, while the southerly-facing Big Creek Narrows site is on a long, narrow rocky outcrop called Devil's Backbone Ridge. These sites occupied rocky, south- to southwest-facing sandstone-dominated slopes, with primarily post oak (Quercus stellata) and blackjack oak (Q. marilandica) overstories. Post oak dominated the largest size classes at both sites. Increment cores indicated that some post oaks exceeded 200 y of age, and tree-ring dating also confirmed an uneven-aged structure to these stands. Both locations had irregular reverse-J shaped diameter distributions, with gaps, deficiencies, and excesses in larger size classes that often typify old-growth stands. On average, the post oaks at the Big Creek Narrows site were taller, larger in girth, and younger than those on the Christmas Knob site, suggestive of a better quality site at Big Creek. The application of neighborhood density functions on stem maps of both sites found random patterns in tree locations. These stands are very similar in their structure to old-growth examples in other parts of the Cross Timbers ecoregion.
The effects of randomized group contingencies on disruptive classroom behaviors in an urban school setting.

Disruptive behaviors have been known to take away from valuable classroom instruction. Researchers have documented the positive effects of group contingencies. This study investigated the effects of group contingencies with randomized components in an urban fourth – grade classroom watching the top disruptive students. Each student was observed on five negative behaviors: inappropriate shout outs, out of seat, disruptive noises, being off task and being disrespectful to classmates. The study incorporated a behavioral intervention known as the Jars Game in which the class worked together to win a mystery motivator. The intervention was set up using a multiphase baseline design (i.e., A-B-A-B design) and results showed that when the Jars Game was in action disruptive behaviors decreased significantly for each student being observed. RANDOMIZED GROUP CONTINGENCIES 4