Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disabled women and domestic violence: responding to the experiences of survivors

intervention. Post surgery, ‘[t]he body must learn a new language’ (96). Surface Tensions tells the stories of ‘modern cyborgs’, learning the new language of their bodies, making sense of themselves, their bodies and in some cases the particular assistive technologies that they are now interacting with on a daily basis. The ‘modern cyborgs’ who populate the pages of Surface Tensions are those who reject the wearing of prostheses and those who wear prostheses in innovative ways. These performances of identity are understood as a tactic of resistance, against the social illusion of a healthy society. The book weaves material from the creative arts, humanities and the biomedical and social science alongside the results of the qualitative interviews. For instance, an account is provided of the English artist Ju Gosling’s art practice. Gosling adapted a body brace, which she had been advised to wear, integrating the brace into her ongoing performance art. She then worked with a costume designer drawing upon surf, cyberpunk and BDSM cultures to redesign the brace to further facilitate her art practice. The author deploys this example to argue that those who shape their own ‘cyborg’ subjectivities resist the hegemonic values of a society fixated on a normal body. Misgivings about the character and widespread use of the ‘cyborg’ and its derivatives in social and cultural theory aside, the descriptions of art practices such as this are the highlight of the book. Manderson sees the production of art as allowing people to find a voice and vocabulary to articulate the tensions they are dealing with when learning to understand the new boundaries of their body post surgery. This is undoubtedly a good book. It is theoretically sophisticated, written in engaged and lively prose. The diverse and lively array of sources that are deployed throughout certainly makes for an engaging read. Surface Tensions should be a welcome addition into the literature on the anthropology of medicine and cultural autobiographical narratives of the body. Whilst the book draws frequently on literature from the more cultural studies wing of disability studies, it is my perception that disability is more of an afterthought in the construction of the argument, which is otherwise primarily concerned with surgery, medicine and embodiment. I expect the book will be useful to writers within disability studies, and that it could become a frequent reference to theorists concerned with the body. I would therefore see this book as piece on the anthropology of the body or the anthropology of illness, which attempts to show a strong sensitivity to disability studies, rather than a study primarily concerned with the disabling society.
Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Twinning Rate in Norway

Strong geographical variations have been noted in the twinning rate (TWR). In general, the rate is high among people of African origin, intermediate among Europeans, and low among most Asiatic populations. In Europe, there tends to be a south–north cline, with a progressive increase in the TWR from south to north and a minimum around the Basque provinces. The highest TWRs in Europe have been found among the Nordic populations. Furthermore, within larger populations, small isolated subpopulations have been identified to have extreme, mainly high, TWRs. In the study of the temporal variation of the TWR in Norway, we consider the period from 1900 to 2014. The regional variation of the TWR in Norway is analyzed for the different counties for two periods, 1916–1926 and 1960–1988. Heterogeneity between the regional TWRs in Norway during 1916–1926 was found, but the goodness of fit for the alternative spatial models was only slight. The optimal regression model for the TWR in Norway has the longitude and its square as regressors. According to this model, the spatial variation is distributed in a west–east direction. For 1960–1988, no significant regional variation was observed. One may expect that the environmental and genetic differences between the counties in Norway have disappeared and that the regional TWRs have converged towards a common low level.
Network connectivity maintenance of WSNs in node failure-prone environment: A detailed survey

Network connectivity maintenance in failure prone environment has received more attention in the recent years. Unfortunately due to hostile environment there is need of some other active nodes i.e. backbone nodes which can compensate the failure of the nodes. One of the main design challenges for wireless sensor network (WSNs) is to obtain connecting dominating set (CDS) in polynomial time with low message complexity. However CDS problem is shown to be NP-hard. In a simple graph, a dominating set is a set of vertices such that every other vertex is adjacent to at least one vertex of this set. A dominating set with least number of vertices is called minimum dominating set and a dominating set which form connected graph is called minimum connected dominating set (MCDS). In this paper, we propose the state-of-the-art survey of CDS construction algorithms i.e. distributed and centralized algorithms based on time complexity, message complexity, approximation factor, neighborhood knowledge and quality parameters. The basic challenges, open research issues and research gaps are briefly explored in this paper. Finally, we conclude our work insight for future research direction regarding development of a CDS algorithm with in linear time and low message complexity.
Validity region sensitive query processing strategies in mobile ad hoc networks

Due to the lack of centralized coordination and time-varying network topologies, designing an efficient query processing scheme is admittedly challenging in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Each node often broadcasts a query, retrieves its queried data item, and periodically checks its freshness but a non-negligible communication overhead may incur. In tight of this, we propose a set of query processing strategies by deploying a validity region to efficiently minimis the query traffic and update the freshness of the queried data. We first investigate simple rectangle and convex hull based validity regions and their corresponding query processing schemes, and then extend them by adaptively combining both techniques and considering an opportunistic overhearing. We conduct extensive simulation experiments using the OMNYT++ simulation package for performance comparison and analysis, in which an infrastructure-based query processing approach is also adjusted to be implemented in MANETs. The simulation results indicate that our convex hull based adaptive query processing approaches can reduce the number of queries but it increases the time spent in the validity region.
Iron oxides stimulate sulfate-driven anaerobic methane oxidation in seeps

Significance Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction has been shown to consume up to 90% of the greenhouse gas methane produced within the subseafloor environment; however, the mechanism of this process has remained enigmatic. Here, we provide geochemical evidence based on sulfur, oxygen, and carbon isotopes for the involvement of iron oxides in sulfate-driven AOM in methane seeps. Our results suggest that, beyond the function of iron as nutrient, the presence of iron oxides stimulates sulfate-driven AOM to a greater extent than in sediments with low concentrations of iron oxides. The isotope analyses further indicate that sulfate reduction in methane seep habitats differs than sulfate reduction in diffusive profiles in and above the sulfate–methane transition zone. Seep sediments are dominated by intensive microbial sulfate reduction coupled to the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Through geochemical measurements of incubation experiments with methane seep sediments collected from Hydrate Ridge, we provide insight into the role of iron oxides in sulfate-driven AOM. Seep sediments incubated with 13C-labeled methane showed co-occurring sulfate reduction, AOM, and methanogenesis. The isotope fractionation factors for sulfur and oxygen isotopes in sulfate were about 40‰ and 22‰, respectively, reinforcing the difference between microbial sulfate reduction in methane seeps versus other sedimentary environments (for example, sulfur isotope fractionation above 60‰ in sulfate reduction coupled to organic carbon oxidation or in diffusive sedimentary sulfate–methane transition zone). The addition of hematite to these microcosm experiments resulted in significant microbial iron reduction as well as enhancing sulfate-driven AOM. The magnitude of the isotope fractionation of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in sulfate from these incubations was lowered by about 50%, indicating the involvement of iron oxides during sulfate reduction in methane seeps. The similar relative change between the oxygen versus sulfur isotopes of sulfate in all experiments (with and without hematite addition) suggests that oxidized forms of iron, naturally present in the sediment incubations, were involved in sulfate reduction, with hematite addition increasing the sulfate recycling or the activity of sulfur-cycling microorganisms by about 40%. These results highlight a role for natural iron oxides during bacterial sulfate reduction in methane seeps not only as nutrient but also as stimulator of sulfur recycling.
Joint Learning of Sentence Embeddings for Relevance and Entailment

We consider the problem of Recognizing Textual Entailment within an Information Retrieval context, where we must simultaneously determine the relevancy as well as degree of entailment for individual pieces of evidence to determine a yes/no answer to a binary natural language question. We compare several variants of neural networks for sentence embeddings in a setting of decision-making based on evidence of varying relevance. We propose a basic model to integrate evidence for entailment, show that joint training of the sentence embeddings to model relevance and entailment is feasible even with no explicit per-evidence supervision, and show the importance of evaluating strong baselines. We also demonstrate the benefit of carrying over text comprehension model trained on an unrelated task for our small datasets. Our research is motivated primarily by a new open dataset we introduce, consisting of binary questions and news-based evidence snippets. We also apply the proposed relevance-entailment model on a similar task of ranking multiple-choice test answers, evaluating it on a preliminary dataset of school test questions as well as the standard MCTest dataset, where we improve the neural model state-of-art.
The “Freshman 15”: Facts and Fantasies About Weight Gain in College Women

This research tested the hypothesis that the “freshman 15” may be more fantasy than fact. The “freshman 15” refers to the belief that college students, particularly women, gain an average of 15 pounds during their first year of college. Female college students were weighed during their first month at college and again 6 months later. They also completed measures of self-esteem, body image, locus of control, and self-monitoring. Findings indicated that the majority of women remained the same weight during the first 6 months of college. A favorable body image was related to less weight loss among those who lost weight, but none of the other characteristics were related to weight change.
Serving with spirit: an integrative model of workplace spirituality within service organizations

Service organizations are uniquely subject to the effects of emotional labor. To address these impacts, we examine workplace spirituality (WPS) as a valuable resource within the emotional labor context of service organizations and propose an integrative model that encompasses the effects of WPS on employees, customers, and the organization. We posit that organizations that possess the WPS values of respect, humanism, and integrity, and an ethical organizational climate can buffer the negative effects of emotional labor through increased employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. Similarly, we propose that WPS can positively influence customer satisfaction and loyalty and also organizational performance and sustainability directly through its WPS values and ethical climate, and indirectly through employee satisfaction and commitment and customer satisfaction and loyalty. Our conceptual integrative model provides testable propositions related to WPS within the emotional labor context of service organizations. Implications for theory and practice are outlined.
Hostile aggression as social skills deficit or evolutionary strategy?

Darwin, Sex and Status argues that a human sociobiology that mistakes evolutionary theory for theories of psychology and culture is wrong, as are psychologies that could never have evolved or social sciences that posit impossible psychologies. Status develops theories of human self-awareness, cognition, and cultural capacity that are compatible with evolutionary theory. Recurring themes include: the importance of sexual selection in human evolution; our species' preoccupation with self-esteem and relative standing; the individual as an active strategist, regularly revising culturally provided information; and awareness as an impressionmanagement device. Culture is a somewhat structured information pool that itself evolves, often in ways that reduce the genetic fitness of its participants.
Learning Spatiotemporal Features Using 3DCNN and Convolutional LSTM for Gesture Recognition

Gesture recognition aims at understanding the ongoing human gestures. In this paper, we present a deep architecture to learn spatiotemporal features for gesture recognition. The deep architecture first learns 2D spatiotemporal feature maps using 3D convolutional neural networks (3DCNN) and bidirectional convolutional long-short-term-memory networks (ConvLSTM). The learnt 2D feature maps can encode the global temporal information and local spatial information simultaneously. Then, 2DCNN is utilized further to learn the higher-level spatiotemporal features from the 2D feature maps for the final gesture recognition. The spatiotemporal correlation information is kept through the whole process of feature learning. This makes the deep architecture an effective spatiotemporal feature learner. Experiments on the ChaLearn LAP large-scale isolated gesture dataset (IsoGD) and the Sheffield Kinect Gesture (SKIG) dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed deep architecture.
99mTc-E-selectin binding peptide for imaging acute osteomyelitis in a novel rat model

Introduction In the present study, 99mTc-radiolabelled E-selectin binding peptide (99mTc-IMP-178) was investigated for its potential to image acutem pyogenic osteomyelitis in a new animal model. Intraindividual comparisons were performed using an irrelevant peptide (99mTc-IMP-100) to demonstrate specificity. Methods An acute pyogenic osteomyelitis was induced by injecting 0.05 ml of 5% sodium morrhuate and 5×108 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus into the medullary cavity of the right tibia in 16 rats. Sixteen additional rats served as untreated controls. Whole-body imaging of pyogenic (n = 4) and untreated (n = 4) animals was performed continously during the first 8 h (12 MBq i.v. of 99mTc-IMP-178 and 99mTc-IMP-100 for control), and one further single image was acquired after 16 h p.i. Tissue biodistribution studies were performed in 12 rats with an acute pyogenic osteomyelitis and in 12 untreated rats 1, 4 and 24 h after injection. Data of the histological/radiological and haematological investigations were obtained in all animals. Results Histopathologically, 15 of 16 treated rats (93%) developed an acute pyogenic osteomyelitis showing a major infiltration of the bone marrow by polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well as the formation of sequestra. Haematologically, the number of leukocytes increased by 100%, the lymphocytes by 11% and the granulocytes decreased by 39%. After i.v. injection, 99mTc-IMP-178 rapidly cleared from the body resulting in good scintigraphic target-to-background (T/B) ratios. The highest uptake of the tracer in the pyogenic bone was observed at 60 min p.i. (0.43±0.02% ID·g−1 for 99mTc-IMP-178 and 0.30±0.02% ID·g−1 for 99mTc-IMP-100), resulting in a higher osteomyelitis-to-healthy collateral ratio with T/B of 2.40±0.65 (99mTc-IMP-178) compared with 1.85±0.48 (99mTc-IMP-100). No adverse reactions were seen after injection of 99mTc-IMP-178. Conclusions 99mTc-IMP-178 allows imaging of an acute osteomyelitic lesions, presumably by interaction of 99mTc-IMP-178 with activated upregulated vascular endothelium.
Explaining Norm Enforcement

This article presents a theory of norm enforcement. Dominant accounts explain norms by referring to their consequences. On this view, norms are enforced when doing so increases the welfare of group members. While useful, such approaches do not explain much of what we observe. The theory developed here argues that while sanctioning consequences are part of the explanation, characteristics of social relations — in particular, interdependence — have significant effects. Hypotheses are tested using unique data that include quantitative behavioral measures of norm and metanorm enforcement. The results show that the effects of sanctioning benefits and costs vary depending on the level of interdependence between group members. Further, concern with social relations, not sanctioning benefits and costs, explains metanorm enforcement. The research therefore suggests that explanations that focus on the direct consequences of sanctioning, and that fail to incorporate characteristics of social relations, may produce inaccurate predictions. Accordingly, understanding the role of social relations is essential for explaining norm enforcement.
Helminth infection during pregnancy: insights from evolutionary ecology

Helminths are parasitic nematodes and trematodes, grouped together because of morphological similarities and commonalities in the effects infections have on hosts. These include complications such as anemia and biasing of immune responses, which can alter susceptibility for other diseases. For pregnant women, these complications might have implications for pregnancy outcomes or neonatal health. Here, I review studies of helminth infections during pregnancy, and ask the following questions: Do helminths affect maternal health or pregnancy outcomes? Are there consequences of maternal infection for infants? What are the effects of antihelminth treatment during pregnancy? The evidence suggests that the answers to these questions depend on the particular helminth species in question, maternal nutritional status, and the presence or absence of comorbid infection with other species, such as malaria. Moreover, there may also be unexpected consequences of treatment, as maternal infections can affect the priming of infant immune systems, with potential effects on infants later in life. These complex interactions suggest that a consideration of the evolutionary history of human–helminth interactions, as well as the ecological context of infections, can help to clarify an understanding of these host–parasite interactions and provide direction for future investigations.
Elite Interviewing: Approaches and Pitfalls

Interviews are one of the major tools in qualitative research, although there is a limited literature on the subject of interviewing generally and elite interviewing particularly. The aim of this article is to introduce some of the issues involved in elite interviewing to researchers new to the use of the technique. Emphasis is also placed on the need for the interviewer to know his/her subject thoroughly, and to be prepared to be flexible in an interview situation. The information is based on the author's own recent experience of interviewing a number of top civil servants, both serving and retired.
Reader‐text interaction

patterns. Patterns of characterization, plot, narrator, and reader in the text, for example, are constructed and integrated into the gestalt of the text (Iser, 1978). The reader's input is also critical. Through a series of cognitive operations, such as formulating and modifying expectations, combining information, and filling in the gaps of text, the reader draws not only on the text but also on personal knowledge of the world and other works of literature. The
Using Associative Memory Principles to Enhance Perceptual Ability of Vision Systems

The so called associative thinking, which humans are known to perform on every day basis, is attributed to the fact that human brain memorizes information using the dynamical system made of interconnected neurons. Retrieval of information in such a system is accomplished in associative sense; starting from an arbitrary state, which might be an encoded representation of a visual image, the brain activity converges to another state, which is stable and which is what the brain remembers. In this paper we explore the possibility of using an associative memory for the purpose of enhancing the interactive capability of perceptual vision systems. By following the biological memory principles, we show how vision systems can be designed to recognize faces, facial gestures and orientations, using low-end video-cameras and little computational power. In doing that we use the public domain associative memory code.
Two Roads to Positive Regard: Implicit and Explicit Self-Evaluation and Culture

Abstract Three studies examined the implicit (nonconscious) and explicit (conscious) self-concepts of people who varied in their degree of exposure to individualistic cultures. Studies 1 and 2 compared the implicit and explicit self-concepts of recent Asian immigrants with those of European Americans and Asian Americans reared in the United States. Implicit measures revealed clear differences in the self-evaluations of the three groups, and these differences were generally consistent with recent analyses of culture and the self-concept. In contrast, explicit measures revealed that all three groups possessed positively valenced, individualistic self-concepts. Additionally, there was evidence that the implicit self-evaluations of the recent immigrants were becoming increasingly individualistic over time. Study 3 examined the implicit and explicit self-concepts of Japanese students who either had or had not lived abroad in the United States or Canada. For both the implicit and the explicit measures, the findings were conceptually similar to those of Studies 1 and 2. Implications for the nature of self-representations and the need for positive regard are discussed.
An overview of investigational new drugs for treating ankylosing spondylitis

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic condition. Pharmacological treatment relies on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (in case of peripheral involvement) and anti-TNF agents in case of inadequate response. To date, there are no alternate options, and about 30% of the patients do not adequately respond to anti-TNF therapy. Areas covered: This overview is based on recent publications and programmed studies. The author provides the reader with an overview of AS, its current management and provide details of novel insights into the disorder. From there, the authors highlight novel treatments under investigation before providing their expert opinion on the field. Expert opinion: The first results with biodrugs targeting the IL-23/Th17 pathway are encouraging, and secukinumab will likely be available in the forthcoming years to treat AS. Other targets may be evaluated in this axis. The author believes that additional head-to-head studies are needed find the place of these new drugs in AS treatment strategies. Further studies are also needed to better evaluate their long-term outcome and safety.