Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The central sensitization inventory: A user’s manual

Central Sensitization (CS) refers to an amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system, resulting in pain hypersensitivity (Woolf, 2011). Symptoms of CS include allodynia, hyperalgesia, expansion of the receptive field beyond the area of peripheral nerve supply, and prolonged pain after a stimulus has been removed (Latremoliere & Woolf, 2009). A number of CSrelated biological mechanisms have been identified, including dysregulation of ascending and descending tracks in the central nervous system (Ren & Dubner, 2002; Yunus, 2007; Heinricher et al., 2009; van Wijk & Veldhuijzen, 2010; Kindler, Bennett, & Jones, 2011); overactivation of glial cells, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (Ji, Berta, & Nedergaard, 2013; Loggia et al., 2015; Nijs et al., 2017); dysfunction of the stress system, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (Van Houdenhove & Luyten, 2009); decreased production of paininhibiting neurotransmitters, and increased production of painaugmenting neurotransmitters, including excess production of brainderived neurotropic factor (BDNF) (Caumo et al., 2016; Deitos et al., 2015; Nijs, Meeus et al., 2015; Phillips & Clauw, 2011; Trang, Beggs, & Salter, 2011). Central Sensitization has been most often identified with fibromyalgia, and associated chronic widespread pain and sensitivity, with no observable pathology or nociceptive etiology. However, CS has also been identified in subsets of patients with clear evidence of tissue trauma, pathology, and/or nociceptive components, including multiple sclerosis (FernándezdelasPeñas et al., 2015), osteoarthritis (Akinci et al., 2016; Lluch, Torres, Nijs, & DOI: 10.1111/jabr.12123
Inducing a ‘‘perceptual magnet’’‐like effect in a nonspeech modality

Kuhl and colleagues have described a ‘‘perceptual magnet effect’’ in which subjects show a decreased ability to discriminate between vowel‐like stimuli when these stimuli fall near a prototypical vowel from their native language. Guenther and Gjaja [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 1111–1121 (1996)] proposed that the effect results from experience‐based map formation in auditory brain regions. Because this model attributes the effect to neural mechanisms that have been identified in cortical areas subserving different sensory modalities, it predicts that it should be possible to induce magnet effects in nonspeech modalities. To test this, adult subjects’ discrimination sensitivities to narrow‐band noise stimuli were tested before and after training sessions meant to approximate an infant’s exposure to speech sounds. Training consisted of a categorization task that preferentially exposed subjects to stimuli from a small frequency range meant to correspond to a prototypical vowel. Sensitivity tests after training r.
High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Inhibits Fibrosis of Endometrium

Background Elevated fibrosis has been found in patients with intrauterine adhesion, which indicates that fibrotic factors may play a critical role in formation of intrauterine adhesion. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) at high and low molecular weight on fibrosis of the endometrium in a mouse model of Asherman’s syndrome. Material/Methods Endometrial fibrosis in a mouse model of Asherman’s syndrome was confirmed. Then HA at high and low molecular weight was injected into the uterine cavity. Endometrial fibrosis was compared among the control group, LMW-HA, and HMW-HA group. The extent of endometrial fibrosis was calculated using Masson stain. The fibrosis markers (TGFβ1, CTGF, collagen I, and collagen III) in endometrial tissue were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The ratio of the area with endometrial fibrosis to total endometrial area in the HMW-HA group was significantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.05). The expression of fibrosis markers (TGFβ1, CTGF, collagen I, and collagen III) in the endometrium was attenuated in the HMW-HA group compared to the control group, but the LMW-HA group had no similar effect. Conclusions Hyaluronic acid at high molecular weight may attenuate the degree of endometrial fibrosis after endometrial damage, which may contribute to preventing formation of intrauterine adhesions.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) In MatLab for Solving the Pulsatile Flow in Blood Vessel

Abstract Blood flow analysis is a study of measuring the blood pressure and finding its equivalent flow rate, velocity profile and wall shear stress. In this article, we determined the relationship between blood pressure gradient, velocity profile, centerline velocity, volumetric flow rate and wall shear stress analytically through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). If one of these time-dependent blood flow properties is known, i.e. pressure gradient, velocity profile, volumetric flow rate or wall shear stress, then the remaining properties can be calculated. We developed a code to solve these blood flow properties. Any time-dependent blood properties can be used as input data. These data are then digitized and saved in our code. Subsequently, these data are curve-fitted using the Fourier series. The corresponding coefficients of Fourier series are then used to calculate the blood property. Once this is obtained, the remaining three other flow properties can be subsequently calculated. This GUI serves as a learning tool for students who wish to pursue his/her knowledge in understanding the relationship of various blood flow properties of pulsatile blood flow as well as the mathematics governing pulsatile flows.
Any room at the inn? The impact of religious elite discourse on immigration attitudes in the United Kingdom

To date, scholarship has neglected the role of elite cues in shaping immigration attitudes. When included, attention has been limited to political elites and parties. Yet, other societal actors have the potential to shape attitudes. This article employs mixed methods to analyse the discourse of the Church of England and attempts to uncover whether this discourse impacts the immigration attitudes of ‘their’ audience in the United Kingdom during 2005–2015. The discourse analysis finds that non-threatening migration frames dominate. Using European Social Survey (ESS) data (Rounds 4–7), regression analysis indicates that greater exposure to elite cues, via attendance at religious services, is consistently related to more positive immigration attitudes. Thus, for those most exposed, elite cues may be acting as a partial bulwark against the ubiquitous security-threat discourse of political elites. Overall, findings imply that despite their previous neglect, religious elite actors have the capacity to shape immigration attitudes and therefore de/construct issues of security.
UK Executive Stock Option Valuation: A Conditional Model

We value UK executive stock options (ESOs) as American options that are awarded conditional on the probability of the holders achieving some performance criteria. Unlike the standard Black and Scholes (BS) model, which is universally used both in the literature and practice, this provides a more realistic representation of UK ESOs. We show that UK ESOs actually have less value and contain more incentives than they appear under the BS approach. Specifically, we observe a 17 per cent average discount in the value of the ESOs when compared to their BS value. In addition, we find significantly higher incentive levels when we measure the sensitivity of the options using the hedge ratio, i.e. the option's delta. We argue that these findings have implications for two contemporary debates in the UK, i.e. the substitution of ESOs by Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIPs) and the discounting of ESO value from company profits.
Finite element reconstruction of real-world pedestrian accidents using THUMS pedestrian model

Abstract Finite element (FE) human body models, though providing effective means for vehicle design and assessment from the safety point of view, are still under development stage due to their limited validation. These models have been validated for cadaveric test data available in the literature for different parts. However, it has been identified that the reconstruction of the real-world accident using these FE models is required in order to evaluate their biofidelity and robustness for real crash scenarios. Hence, in the present study FE reconstruction of three real-world pedestrian accidents from RAIDS, UK database using the THUMS pedestrian model has been carried out to study the behaviour of the model during the real-world crash scenario and evaluate its biofidelity. Methodology of reconstruction has been divided into two steps: estimation of unknown kinematic parameters related to crash conditions by kinematic reconstruction using multibody simulation, and FE estimation of injuries using the THUMS pedestrian model. Because, lower extremities are most commonly injured body part in pedestrian accidents, the present work focuses on lower extremity injuries. From the reconstruction study, it has been observed that kinematic and injury response of the THUMS lower extremities model shows good conformance with the actual crash data, in terms of both kinematic and injury response.
Impact of a Leadership Thread on Doctor of Physical Therapist Education

Background and Purpose. Health care systems worldwide are investing considerable resources in leadership development programs.1–4 Yet there is limited evidence as to the effectiveness of leadership training in graduate health care education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a leadership curricular thread on an entry-level doctor of physical therapist (DPT) program. Design. This study was a prospective repeated measure design. Methods. Participants were 210 students (women (60%), mean age = 25.33 years (3.71) from the graduating classes of 2015, 2016, and 2017. All participants took the online Leadership Practices Inventory Self5 in their fourth semester and last semester of an 8-semester DPT program. Results. There was a significant improvement in all five of Kouzes and Posner's exemplary leadership practices over time; Model the Way (mean difference = 5.24 [6.80], P = .0001), Inspire a Shared Vision (mean difference = 7.15[8.82], P = .0001), Challenge the Process (mean difference = 6.86 [8.38], P = .0001), Enable Others to Act (mean difference = 3.83[5.36], P = .0001), and Encourage the Heart (mean difference = 3.83 [8.51], P = .0001). Conclusions. The findings support that a focused leadership thread integrated into a 3-year DPT program can have a positive impact on student leadership behaviors.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a diagnostic consideration of fever of unknown origin with pancytopenia and chronic liver disease

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe disorder of systemic immune dysregulation which can be primary or secondary to autoimmune disorders, malignancy, or infections. We hereby describe a case of a 23-year-old male with severe hepatitis along with pancytopenia and prolonged fever of unknown origin that developed HLH triggered by staphylococcal urinary tract infection. This is a discussion of this unusual disease and its presentation and the diagnostic difficulties which may be encountered in general clinical practice.
Empirical Essays in International Economics

markdownabstractThe results of this thesis are policy relevant in several perspectives. First, the results suggest that governments can stimulate economic integration in the region via migration policies even if sizable intra-regional trade is absent. Second, central banks in advanced economies should focus primarily on monitoring domestic rather than global economic slack as (core) inflation remains largely a domestic phenomenon. Third, free trade area agreements can have significant indirect effects on trade flows. In formulating their trade policy stance policy makers in emerging markets may therefore consider secondary aspects that arise from the establishment of closer economic ties with advanced economies. Important relevant aspects include the improvement in the quality of institutions and the improvement in the quality of infrastructure.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PERILAKU, FREKUENSI KONSUMSI FAST FOOD, DIET DAN GENETIK DENGAN TINGKAT KELEBIHAN BERAT BADAN (Studi di SMA Negeri 5 Surabaya)

Obesitas di Indonesia semakin meninggi angka kejadiannya. Salah satunya adalah obesitas pada masa remaja. Peningkatan obesitas pada masa remaja banyak terjadi di remaja perkotaan yang disebabkan oleh maraknya makanan cepat saji (fast food). Kandungan gizi fast food yang tidak seimbang ini apabila terus berlanjut dan terlanjur menjadi pola makan atau konsumsi akan berdampak negatif pada keadaan gizi remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara faktor perilaku, frekuensi konsumsi fast food, diet, dan genetik dengan tingkat kelebihan berat badan pada remaja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian adalah siswa dan siswi sekolah menengah atas (kelas X dan kelas XI) yang berusia 15 - 17 tahun sebanyak 70 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara random, analisis data dengan uji Chi Square test dan Fisher’s exact test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara variabel diet dengan tingkat kelebihan berat badan (p = 0,041) sedangkan untuk variabel genetik, faktor perilaku, dan frekuensi konsumsi fast food tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan tingkat kelebihan berat badan (p > 0,05). Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara sikap dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food (p = 0,05) sedangkan untuk variable penelitian faktor perilaku lain (faktor predisposing (pengetahuan), pemungkin (jarak dan cara pembelian fast food) dan penguat (dukungan keluarga dan teman) tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food (p > 0,05). Kesimpulannya adalah adanya hubungan bermakna antara variabel diet dengan variabel tingkat kelebihan berat badan serta adanya hubungan bermakna antara variabel sikap dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Disarankan untuk memberikan penyuluhan kepada remaja mengenai fast food sehingga konsumsinya tidak berlebihan serta adanya peran serta sekolah untuk menggerakkan siswa-siswinya yang menderita overweight dan obesitas untuk mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakulikuler yang meningkatkan aktivitas fisik seperti ekstrakulikuler olahraga dan paskibra.
Evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Gene Is Dominated by Purifying Selection

The evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) during chronic infection involves the rapid, continuous turnover of genetic diversity. However, the role of natural selection, relative to random genetic drift, in governing this process is unclear. We tested a stochastic model of genetic drift using partial envelope sequences sampled longitudinally in 28 infected children. In each case the Bayesian posterior (empirical) distribution of coalescent genealogies was estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Posterior predictive simulation was then used to generate a null distribution of genealogies assuming neutrality, with the null and empirical distributions compared using four genealogy-based summary statistics sensitive to nonneutral evolution. Because both null and empirical distributions were generated within a coalescent framework, we were able to explicitly account for the confounding influence of demography. From the distribution of corrected P-values across patients, we conclude that empirical genealogies are more asymmetric than expected if evolution is driven by mutation and genetic drift only, with an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms in the population. This indicates that although drift may still play an important role, natural selection has a strong influence on the evolution of HIV-1 envelope. A negative relationship between effective population size and substitution rate indicates that as the efficacy of selection increases, a smaller proportion of mutations approach fixation in the population. This suggests the presence of deleterious mutations. We therefore conclude that intrahost HIV-1 evolution in envelope is dominated by purifying selection against low-frequency deleterious mutations that do not reach fixation.
Human Behaviour Analysis and Event Recognition at a Point of Sale

This paper presents a new application that aims at improving communication and interactions between digital media and customers at a point of sale. Our system analyzes in real-time human behaviour while shopping. In particular, the system detects customer’s interest in products and interaction such as people grabbing products. This system is based on a behaviour model. A video analysis module detects motion, tracks moving object, and describes local motion. Then specific behaviours are recognized and sentences are generated. Finally, our approach is tested on real video sequences.
Exploring cultures of feedback practice: the adoption of learning-focused feedback practices in the UK and Australia

ABSTRACT In recent years, there have been calls in the literature for the dominant model of feedback to shift away from the transmission of comments from marker to student, towards a more dialogic focus on student engagement and the impact of feedback on student learning. In the present study, we sought to gain insight into the extent to which such a shift is evident in practice, and how practice is shaped by national and disciplinary cultures. A total of 688 higher education staff from the UK and Australia completed a survey, in which we collected data pertaining to key influences on the design of feedback, and the extent to which emphasis is placed on student action following feedback. Our respondents reported that formal learning and development opportunities have less influence on feedback practice than informal learning and development, and prior experience. Australian respondents placed greater emphasis on student action following feedback than their counterparts in the UK, and were also more likely than UK respondents to judge the effectiveness of feedback by seeking evidence of its impact on student learning. We contextualise these findings within the context of disciplinary and career stage differences in our data. By demonstrating international differences in the adoption of learning-focused feedback practices, the findings indicate directions for the advancement of feedback research and practice in contemporary higher education.
Dynamic cluster-based over-demand prediction in bike sharing systems

Bike sharing is booming globally as a green transportation mode, but the occurrence of over-demand stations that have no bikes or docks available greatly affects user experiences. Directly predicting individual over-demand stations to carry out preventive measures is difficult, since the bike usage pattern of a station is highly dynamic and context dependent. In addition, the fact that bike usage pattern is affected not only by common contextual factors (e.g., time and weather) but also by opportunistic contextual factors (e.g., social and traffic events) poses a great challenge. To address these issues, we propose a dynamic cluster-based framework for over-demand prediction. Depending on the context, we construct a weighted correlation network to model the relationship among bike stations, and dynamically group neighboring stations with similar bike usage patterns into clusters. We then adopt Monte Carlo simulation to predict the over-demand probability of each cluster. Evaluation results using real-world data from New York City and Washington, D.C. show that our framework accurately predicts over-demand clusters and outperforms the baseline methods significantly.
A planar hopping robot with one actuator: design, simulation, and experimental results

Animal legs are much more complex than necessary for running on horizontal surfaces. Past research shows that, despite their complexity, they act essentially like simple pogo sticks, or the "spring loaded inverted pendulum" (SLIP). In this paper, the possibility of the realization of a SLIP model using a spring in the leg and only one actuator at the hip is investigated first in numerical simulation and then in experiments. A simple controller results in running at 0.80 m/s (6.7 leg lengths per second). The stability and robustness of the resulting motion is demonstrated.
Africentric Worldview And Psychological Health Among Primary Caregivers Of Children With Intellectual Disability In Ghana

This study examined the extent to which Africentric worldview influence the relationship between stress and psychological health among primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability in Ghana using the mixed methods design. The quantitative phase recruited and assessed 160 primary caregivers using standardized measures assessing Stress, Africentric worldview, Africultural coping, and Psychological health. Results from MANOVA indicated that primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability experience significantly high levels of stress and poor psychological health than primary caregivers of children with sickle cell disease and healthy controls. Results from hierarchical regression analyses on primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability indicated that; first, caring for an intellectually disabled child is associated with high levels of stress which further leads to poor psychological health. Second, spirituality buffered the relationship between stress and anxiety. Third, Africentric values of spirituality and intuition predicted spiritual coping. The qualitative phase adopted semi-structured interviews with 11 primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability to inquire about their stressors and coping strategies. Using thematic analysis, emergent themes included; psychological reactions, caregiving challenges, societal reactions, coping strategies, psychological functioning, knowledge of condition, and perceived cause of disability. Despite the numerous challenges associated with caregiving, primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability reported the significance of their spirituality, family/community support systems, and hope as effective coping strategies in raising their children. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative phases demonstrated the stressful iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
Implicational Constraints , Defaults and Markedness

Once Prince & Smolensky (1993) set the theoretical underpinnings of Optimality Theory (OT), the organization and structure of the collection of universal constraints CON soon became a topic of some debate. One of the points that has received some attention has been the possibility to extend CON with complex constraints constructed out of the combination of two or more simple constraints.1 A first idea in this direction was a proposal by Smolensky (1993, 1995), who suggested a mechanism of constraint combination that he called ‘Local Conjunction’ (henceforth LC). LC was intended as a device to refine the notion of markedness. Essentially the idea was to capture the fact that certain properties are more marked (and hence should incur in worse violations) in certain domains than in others. Smolensky (1995) illustrates this with the words tab.da and tad.ba. Both violate the constraints *PL/LAB and NOCODA, but the first one violates them in the same location, as indicated by the double underlining. Thus, given that there are languages with labials and codas, but the option of having labials in coda positions is the marked one, we want tad.ba to be better than tab.da. As the violation of two constraints is worse when occurring in the same location, LC yields the desired effect by combining the two simple constraints into a complex one. Smolensky explicitly stated that a representation violates a complex constraint L made up of two locally conjoined constraints 1 and 2 if, and only if, it violates both 1 and 2 in L, but not if it violates only one of them. The desired result only follows, however, if CON incorporates the additional condition that L outranks 1 and 2.