Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Model for Text Message Normalization

Cell phone text messaging users express themselves briefly and colloquially using a variety of creative forms. We analyze a sample of creative, non-standard text message word forms to determine frequent word formation processes in texting language. Drawing on these observations, we construct an unsupervised noisy-channel model for text message normalization. On a test set of 303 text message forms that differ from their standard form, our model achieves 59% accuracy, which is on par with the best supervised results reported on this dataset.
From plasma membrane to cytoskeleton: a novel function for semaphorin 6A

Class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) overexpression has been reported in ovary, lung, breast, and gastric cancer patients. Currently, no clinical drugs are available for a specific targeting of TUBB3, whereas the investigational drug IDN5390 specifically interacts with TUBB3. To gain insight into the pathways leading to TUBB3 up-regulation, we did a human genome microarray analysis in A2780 cells made resistant to IDN5390 to identify selected pathways specifically disrupted in resistant cells. Using this approach, we discovered that semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) is down-regulated not only in IDN5390-resistant cells but also in cells made resistant to cisplatin, topotecan, and doxorubicin, whereas no changes were noticed in paclitaxel- and gemcitabine-resistant cells. Acute treatment with IDN5390 was able to down-regulate SEMA6A in cells unselected for drug resistance. TUBB3 expression was assessed in A2780 clones with stable overexpression of SEMA6A and in a panel of clones in which silencing of the protein was obtained. Quantitative PCR was then used to check the modulation of SEMA6A as well as to assess the expression of TUBB3. TUBB3 was increased (median value, 5.4) and reduced (median value, 0.47) in cells with overexpression and silencing of SEMA6A, respectively. Thus, the findings indicate a correlation between the expression of SEMA6A and TUBB3. Then, we found that a form of 83 kDa of SEMA6A is expressed in the cytoskeleton in association with β-actin. These findings suggest for SEMA6A a novel function in the cytoskeleton and a role in modulating tubulin isotype composition and microtubule dynamics. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(1):233–41]
Creative social research : rethinking theories and methods

1 Foreword: Some Observations on New Directions in Creative Social Research 2 Introduction: The Calling of Creative Social Research: Rethinking Theories and Methods 3 Part One: Rethinking Theories 4 Articulating the World: Social Movements, the Self-Transcendence of Society and the Question of Culture 5 Towards Liberative Social Sciences: A Dialogue with Liberation Theology 6 Caring for Economics 7 Rethinking Modernist Historiography 8 Rethinking Comparative Politics: Towards a Critique of NeoStatism in Third World Studies 9 Reconceptualizing Rural Development and Peasantry 10 Part Two: Rethinking Methods 11 The Irrelevance of Methodology and the Art of the Possible: Reading Sen and Hirschman 12 Gandhian Economic Method and the Challenge of Expediency 13 Experiments in Creative Research: Efforts to combine Participatory with Conventional Methodology 14 Studying Up: Some Thoughts on Method 15 Moral Premises and Theoretical Musings: The Ontology of a Journey 16 Part Three: New Formulations 17 Humanities and Social Sciences in the New Millennium: Theorization in / for Society as Play 18 Creative Reconstructions of Methods of Social Research: Insights from the Philosophical Traditions of Buddhism and Vedanta 19 Second-Order Creativity in Research: Exploring an Action-Oriented Perspective 20 Building Bridges: Nurturing a Complex Ecology of Ideas 21 The Calling of a Creative Transdisciplinarity
Danshensu, a major water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, enhances the radioresponse for Lewis Lung Carcinoma xenografts in mice

The molecule 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (danshensu), a herbal preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to possess potential antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the combination of radiation therapy (RT) with danshensu in the treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenografts, whilst exploring and evaluating the mechanism involved. In total, 8-week old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups to receive: RT, RT + cisplatin and RT + danshensu, respectively, when LLC reached 100–150 mm3. Each group was divided into 7 subgroups according to the different irradiation doses that were administered. Tumor growth curves were created and the sensitization enhancement ratios of the drugs were calculated. The experiment was then repeated, and the 4 groups of tumor-bearing mice were treated with natural saline, danshensu, RT + danshensu and RT, respectively. The mice were sacrificed on day 7, and tumor tissue and blood were collected to determine microvessel density, the expression of proangiogenic factors, and the levels of blood thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α. Tumor hypoxia was also detected using in vivo fluorescence imaging. With respect to LLC xenografts, treatment with danshensu + RT significantly enhanced the effects of tumor growth inhibition (P<0.05). Furthermore, tumor vasculature was remodeled and microcirculation was improved, which significantly reduced tumor hypoxia (P<0.05). The present study demonstrated that danshensu significantly enhanced the radioresponse of LLC xenografts in mice. The mechanism involved may be associated with the alleviation of tumor cell hypoxia following treatment with danshensu + RT, caused by the improvement of tumor microcirculation and the remodeling of tumor vasculature.
Discoloration of Provisional Restorations after Oral Rinses

Purpose: Oral rinses are widely used to promote periodontal health with provisional restorations during the interim period. The aim of this study was to compare the discoloration of provisional restoration materials with different oral rinses. Material and Methods: A total of 140 disc-shaped specimens (shade A2) (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from one PMMA-based (TemDent Classic®) and three different bis-acrylic-based (Protemp II®, Luxatemp® and Fill-In®) provisional restoration materials (n=7). The color values (L*, a*, and b*) of each specimen were measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and the color changes (∆E) were calculated according to the CIE L*a*b* system. The specimens were immersed in each of the 4 oral rinses (alcohol-containing mouthwash, chlorhexidine, benzydamine HCl, benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine) twice a day for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes of immersion in the oral rinses, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were exposed to the oral rinses and the artificial saliva for 3 weeks. Two-way ANOVA, the Bonferroni test and the paired sample t-test were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Comparison of the discoloration from the oral rinses after immersion for three weeks revealed no significant differences (p>0.05). The lowest color change was observed in PMMA-based Temdent in all oral rinses (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the bis-acryl composites after immersion in saliva or the mixture of benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine and the alcohol-containing mouthwash for 3 weeks (p>0.05). After immersion in chlorhexidine, the color change values of Protemp II and Fill-in showed significant differences (p=0.018). Protemp II also showed less discoloration than the other bis-acryl composites, and this color change was statistically significant (p <0.05). For all oral rinses, the L* value decreased while b* values increased, and this color change was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). A* values were found to be significantly higher with oral rinses (p<0.05), except Protemp II immersed in benzydamine HCl or alcohol-containing mouthwash. Conclusions: The type of the oral rinse did not affect the discoloration process. For long-term esthetic results, choosing MMA-based materials for provisional restorations appears to be more effective.
Intrathecal Clonidine and Bupivacaine Have Synergistic Analgesia for Acute Thermally or Inflammatory-Induced Pain in Rats

We investigated the interaction between spinally administered bupivacaine and clonidine using an animal model of acute and inflammatory pain. Rats implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters were injected intrathecally with saline (control), bupivacaine (1 to 100 &mgr;g), or clonidine (0.1 to 3 &mgr;g) and tested for their responses to thermal stimulation to the tail (tail flick test) and subcutaneous formalin injection into the hindpaw (formalin test). The effects of the combination of bupivacaine and clonidine on both stimuli were tested by isobolographic analysis. General behavior and motor function were examined as side effects. The 50% effective doses of bupivacaine and clonidine were significantly smaller when combined compared with each single drug in both the tail flick test (2.82 and 0.11 &mgr;g versus 7.1 and 0.29 &mgr;g, respectively) and phase 1 (0.24 and 0.009 &mgr;g versus 5.7 and 0.15 &mgr;g) and phase 2 (0.31 and 0.012 &mgr;g versus 3.2 and 0.16 &mgr;g) of the formalin test. Side effects were decreased by the combination. These results suggest a favorable combination of intrathecal bupivacaine and clonidine in the management of acute and inflammatory pain.
Factors predicting a successful post-discharge outcome for individuals aged 80 years and over

Introduction and background The early post-discharge period is a vulnerable time for older patients with complex care requirements. This paper identifies factors predicting a self-reported successful post-discharge outcome for patients aged 80 years and over by exploring factors related to the discharge process, the provision of formal home-care services, informal care and characteristics of the patients. Methods The study reports results from survey interviews with patients admitted from home to 14 hospitals in Norway and later discharged home. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of a number of factors on the likelihood that the patients would report that they managed well after discharge. Results The odds of managing well after discharge were more than four times higher (OR=4.75, p=0.022) for patients reporting that someone was present at homecoming than for those who came home to an empty house. Patients who reported receiving adequate help from the municipality had an odds four times (OR=4.18, p=0.006) higher of reporting that everything went well after discharge than those who stated the help was inadequate. Conclusions Having someone at home upon return from hospital and having adequate formal home-care services are significantly associated with patient-reported success in managing well.
Handbook of Life-Span Development

The handbook is an impressive collection of research studies and theories provided by knowledgeable contributors on life-span development from conception to old age. "--Anthropology and Aging Quarterly The doubling of our average life span since the turn of the 20th century is considered by many scholars to be one of the most important changes in human existence. This definitive text is the only volume to fully address, through a multidisciplinary perspective, the biological, cognitive, and psychological development that occurs from infancy through old age, and how the sociocultural and institutional factors interface with these changes. Edited by leading research scholars in the field of life-span development, the volume also includes contributions of specialists in behavioral genetics, socioemotional selectivity theory, neuroscience, ecological models, and more. It examines the dynamics of close relationships and informal ties among the elderly population, child-parent attachment relationships as a life-span phenomenon, developmental tasks across the lifespan, continuity and discontinuity in temperament and personality, the sociocultural context of cognition across the life span, and variability in approaches to social problem solving from early to later life. Given the number of recent demographic shifts, it also explores issues related to fertility, life expectancy, environmental contexts, technology, immigration, and public policy. Key Features: Integrates the full life span from infancy through old age in each chapter Considers multidisciplinary perspectives that address personal relationships, cognitive development, and social, emotional, and physical health across the life span Situates life-span development in ecological contexts (e.g., socioeconomic, neighborhood, and immigration status) Provides a concise but thorough resource for graduate seminars in life-span-related studies Highlights future issues in all areas of life-span study
The use of narrative to understand and respond to complexity: A comparative analysis of the Cynefin and Weickian models

This article compares two prominent managerial models – those of Snowden and Weick – that use narrative as a sensemaking response to complexity. After presenting an overview to their approach to narrative and complexity, we then analyze their stylistic differences as a precursor to identifying eight features of the more substantial likeness of their models. In the conclusion we distill the essential features of narrative and complexity that their concepts entail and show that individual behavior, interpersonal communication, participation, and management by exception are their hallmarks.
Expression Profiling of t(12;22) Positive Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue Cell Lines Reveals Characteristic Up-Regulation of Potential New Marker Genes Including ERBB3

Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue (CCSST), also known as malignant melanoma of soft parts, represents a rare lesion of the musculoskeletal system usually affecting adolescents and young adults. CCSST is typified by a chromosomal t(12;22)(q13;q12) translocation resulting in a fusion between the Ewing sarcoma gene (EWSR1) and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), of which the activity in nontransformed cells is regulated by cyclic AMP. Our aim was to identify critical differentially expressed genes in CCSST tumor cells in comparison with other solid tumors affecting children and young adults to better understand signaling pathways regulating specific features of the development and progression of this tumor entity. We applied Affymetrix Human Genome U95Av2 oligonucleotide microarrays representing ∼12,000 genes to generate the expression profiles of the CCSST cell lines GG-62, DTC-1, KAO, MST2, MST3, and Su-CC-S1 in comparison with 8 neuroblastoma, 7 Ewing tumor, and 6 osteosarcoma cell lines. Subsequent hierarchical clustering of microarray data clearly separated all four of the tumor types from each other and identified differentially expressed transcripts, which are characteristically up-regulated in CCSST. Statistical analysis revealed a group of 331 probe sets, representing ∼300 significant (P < 0.001) differentially regulated genes, which clearly discriminated between the CCSST and other tumor samples. Besides genes that were already known to be highly expressed in CCSST, like S100A11 (S100 protein) or MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), this group shows an obvious portion of genes that are involved in cyclic AMP response or regulation, in pigmentation processes, or in neuronal structure and signaling. Comparison with other expression profile analyses on neuroectodermal childhood tumors confirms the high robustness of this strategy to characterize tumor entities based on their gene expression. We found the avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homologue 3 (ERBB3) to be one of the most dramatically up-regulated genes in CCSST. Quantitative real-time PCR and Northern blot analysis verified the mRNA abundance and confirmed the absence of the inhibitory transcript variant of this gene. The protein product of the member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family ERBB3 could be shown to be highly present in all of the CCSST cell lines investigated, as well as in 18 of 20 primary tumor biopsies. In conclusion, our data demonstrate new aspects of the phenotype and the biological behavior of CCSST and reveal ERBB3 to be a useful diagnostic marker.
Panic attacks and risk of incident cardiovascular events among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

CONTEXT Previous studies have documented an association of depression and phobic anxiety with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but little is known about the cardiovascular sequelae of panic anxiety. OBJECTIVE To determine whether panic attacks are associated with risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Prospective cohort survey. SETTING Ten clinical centers of the 40-center Women's Health Initiative. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3369 community-dwelling, generally healthy postmenopausal women (aged 51-83 years) enrolled between 1997 and 2000 in the Myocardial Ischemia and Migraine Study who completed a questionnaire about occurrence of panic attacks in the previous 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular outcomes (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke) and all-cause mortality were ascertained after a mean of 5.3 years of follow-up. RESULTS A 6-month history of full-blown panic attacks, endorsed by 10% of postmenopausal women in this cohort, was associated with both coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 4.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-9.99) and the combined end point of coronary heart disease or stroke (hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.60-5.94) after controlling for multiple potential confounders. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality, excluding those with a history of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events, was 1.75 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.94). CONCLUSION Panic attacks are relatively common among postmenopausal women and appear to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in older women.
Exogenous Glutamate Is Metabolized to Glutamine and Exported by Rat Primary Astrocyte Cultures

Rat cortical astrocytes in primary culture were examined for their capacity to transport and metabolize exogenous l‐[U‐l4C]glutamate. After incubation for time periods up to 120 min, cells and incubation media were analyzed for labelled and endogenous glutamate and its metabolic products by HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection and liquid scintillation counting. Glutamine was the major labelled metabolite after 120 min, accounted for 38% of the original glutamate label, and was found primarily in the incubation medium. A further 13.5% of the label was recovered in deaminated metabolites of glutamate, 1.2% was associated with aspartate, 23% remained in glutamate, and 10.2% was found in an acid‐precipitated cell fraction. More than 84% of the label was recovered in these fractions, suggesting that the maximum possible formation and loss of I4CO2 was 16%. The rate of total glutamine synthesis was 1.1 nmol ± mg protein‐1 x min‐1 when 9 μM exogenous glutamate was present. The total amount of glutamine synthesized greatly exceeded the consumption of glutamate, indicating that a substantial proportion of glutamine was synthesized from other carbon sources. Almost all of the newly formed glutamine was exported into the medium. These results indicate that astrocytes in primary culture, by accumulating glutamate, producing glutamine, and exporting it, are capable of carrying out the glial component of the glutamine cycle.
Controlled Reperfusion Strategies Improve Cardiac Hemodynamic Recovery after Warm Global Ischemia in an Isolated, Working Rat Heart Model of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD)

Aims: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) could improve cardiac graft availability, which is currently insufficient to meet transplant demand. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitable period of warm ischemia and most cardioprotective approaches can only be applied at reperfusion (procurement) for ethical reasons. We investigated whether modifying physical conditions at reperfusion, using four different strategies, effectively improves hemodynamic recovery after warm ischemia. Methods and Results: Isolated hearts of male Wistar rats were perfused in working-mode for 20 min, subjected to 27 min global ischemia (37°C), and 60 min reperfusion (n = 43). Mild hypothermia (30°C, 10 min), mechanical postconditioning (MPC; 2x 30 s reperfusion/30 s ischemia), hypoxia (no O2, 2 min), or low pH (pH 6.8–7.4, 3 min) was applied at reperfusion and compared with controls (i.e., no strategy). After 60 min reperfusion, recovery of left ventricular work (developed pressure*heart rate; expressed as percent of pre-ischemic value) was significantly greater for mild hypothermia (62 ± 7%), MPC (65 ± 8%) and hypoxia (61 ± 11%; p < 0.05 for all), but not for low pH (45 ± 13%), vs. controls (44 ± 7%). Increased hemodynamic recovery was associated with greater oxygen consumption (mild hypothermia, MPC) and coronary perfusion (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia), and with reduced markers of necrosis (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia) and mitochondrial damage (mild hypothermia, hypoxia). Conclusions: Brief modifications in physical conditions at reperfusion, such as hypothermia, mechanical postconditioning, and hypoxia, improve post-ischemic hemodynamic function in our model of DCD. Cardioprotective reperfusion strategies applied at graft procurement could improve DCD graft recovery and limit further injury; however, optimal clinical approaches remain to be characterized.
Introducing Procedural Utility: Not Only What, But Also How Matters

People not only care about outcomes, they also value the procedures which lead to the outcomes. Procedural utility is a potentially important source of human well-being. This paper aims at introducing the concept of procedural utility into economics, and argues that it should be incorporated more widely into economic theory and empirical research. Three building blocks of a concept of procedural utility are outlined and it is suggested how procedural utility can be fruitfully integrated. Evidence from a broad range of social sciences is reviewed in order to show that procedural utility is a relevant concept for economics.
Solving second order linear dirichlet and neumannboundary value problems by block method

In this paper, the direct three-point block one-step methods are considered for solving linear boundary value problems (BVPs) with two different types of boundary conditions which is the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. This method will solve the second order linear BVPs directly without reducing it to the system of first order equations. The direct solution of these two types of BVPs will be calculated at three points simultaneously using constant step size. This method will be used together with the linear shooting technique to construct the numerical solution. The implementation is based on the predictor and corrector formulas in the PE(CE)r mode. Numerical results are given to show the performance of this method compared to the existing methods.