Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-School Teacher Candidates' Beliefs and Conditioned Judgments Regarding Children's Body Image.

The goal of this study was to identify pre-school teacher candidates' beliefs and conditioned judgments regarding children's body image. The exploratory research pattern was used in this study. The sample group included final year B.A. students from the Pre-School Education departments in two state universities in Izmir. The qualitative part of the study was conducted using seven volunteer students, while the quantitative part was conducted using 87 students from both universities. An interview form and a questionnaire were developed by the researchers. Judging by the results of the study it was seen that teacher candidates perceived figures of skinny and fat children in a negative light when compared to figures of normal children. Support should be given to teacher candidates to accept different body forms and that this would not only be important in preventing conditioned judgments, but it would also have a positive effect on the class
How much do age and gender affect news topic preferences ?

Despite the recognized relevance and significant resources invested in making an online experience more personalized and enjoyable, there still remains a problem of personalization for a large number of online services in a presence of limited user information. In this paper, we recognize cold start problem related to presentation of personalized articles on Yahoo news stream, and address it as a topic ranking problem. For active users news articles are commonly ranked according to their historical news topic preferences, while for new users article ranking is often based on the globally popular topics, which may result in diminished user experience. To mitigate this problem, we exploit demographic information to learn separate topic preferences for different age-gender user groups, and evaluate this simple, efficient approach on a large data set comprising more than 750,000 users and their news stream activity logs from Yahoo homepage. Interestingly, the results show that gender is more indicative of topic preferences than age, and confirm that demographics carry a strong useful signal for personalizing content in a topic ranking setting, where by using age and gender information we obtained 5% improvement in Kendall’s tau over the baseline predicting globally popular topics.
Binding Principles in Down syndrome

In an experiment designed to tap into knowledge of Binding in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), it was found that subjects had specific difficulties assigning appropriate interpretation to reflexives, traditionally claimed to be governed by Principle A of standard Binding Theory, as opposed to pronouns, constrained by Principle B in the same framework. This pattern, not previously evidenced in the literature, is the reverse of the well known ‘Delay of Principle B’ effect confirmed in typical acquisition. The findings suggest that the process of acquisition of Binding in DS may be qualitatively different compared to typical linguistic development, rendering the traditional 'slow-but-normal' characterisation of language development in DS no longer tenable. Embracing the Reflexivity framework of Reinhart & Reuland (1993), I also argue that these findings reveal a specific syntactic deficit in the language of DS, related to the inability to establish a certain syntactic dependency, namely the binding relation between an anaphor and its antecedent.
Essentialism and Folkbiology: evidence from Brazil

Experimental results concerning Brazilian children and adults are presented in the context of current discussions about essentialism and folkbiology. Using an adoption paradigm, we replicate the basic findings of a previous article in this journal concerning the early emergence in children of a birth-parent bias (Atran et al. 2001). This cognitive bias supports the claim that causal essentialism universally constrains the reasoning about the origin, development and maintenance of the characteristics and identity of living kinds. We also report some intriguing differences with earlier findings that speak to theoretical and methodological issues of cultural relativity.
Data Mining for Features Using Scale-Sensitive Gated Experts

Introduces a tool for exploratory data analysis and data mining called scale-sensitive gated experts (SSGE) which can partition a complex nonlinear regression surface into a set of simpler surfaces (which we call features). The set of simpler surfaces has the property that each element of the set can be efficiently modeled by a single feedforward neural network. The degree to which the regression surface is partitioned is controlled by an external scale parameter. The SSGE consists of a nonlinear gating network and several competing nonlinear experts. Although SSGE is similar to the mixture of experts model of Jacobs et al. (1991) the mixture of experts model gives only one partitioning of the input-output space, and thus a single set of features, whereas the SSGE gives the user the capability to discover families of features. One obtains a new member of the family of features for each setting of the scale parameter. We derive the scale-sensitive gated experts and demonstrate its performance on a time series segmentation problem. The main results are: (1) the scale parameter controls the granularity of the features of the regression surface, (2) similar features are modeled by the same expert and different kinds of features are modeled by different experts, and (3) for the time series problem, the SSGE finds different regimes of behavior, each with a specific and interesting interpretation.
Speech Misperception: Speaking and Seeing Interfere Differently with Hearing

Speech perception is thought to be linked to speech motor production. This linkage is considered to mediate multimodal aspects of speech perception, such as audio-visual and audio-tactile integration. However, direct coupling between articulatory movement and auditory perception has been little studied. The present study reveals a clear dissociation between the effects of a listener’s own speech action and the effects of viewing another’s speech movements on the perception of auditory phonemes. We assessed the intelligibility of the syllables [pa], [ta], and [ka] when listeners silently and simultaneously articulated syllables that were congruent/incongruent with the syllables they heard. The intelligibility was compared with a condition where the listeners simultaneously watched another’s mouth producing congruent/incongruent syllables, but did not articulate. The intelligibility of [ta] and [ka] were degraded by articulating [ka] and [ta] respectively, which are associated with the same primary articulator (tongue) as the heard syllables. But they were not affected by articulating [pa], which is associated with a different primary articulator (lips) from the heard syllables. In contrast, the intelligibility of [ta] and [ka] was degraded by watching the production of [pa]. These results indicate that the articulatory-induced distortion of speech perception occurs in an articulator-specific manner while visually induced distortion does not. The articulator-specific nature of the auditory-motor interaction in speech perception suggests that speech motor processing directly contributes to our ability to hear speech.
Financial Stability Institute Occasional Paper No 3 Public asset management companies in East Asia A comparative study

iii Foreword It is a pleasure for me to introduce the third occasional paper published by the Financial Stability Institute. The purpose of these papers is to create an awareness of, and provide information on, topics of interest to financial sector supervisors. For this third paper in our series, the Financial Stability Institute is pleased that a member of its own staff worked closely with our colleagues at the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific. This joint effort has produced a paper that describes the use of government owned asset management companies to reduce the level of problem assets in banking systems. In doing so, it draws on the recent experiences of several Asian countries as they worked to deal with problem assets arising from the Asian financial crisis. The paper examines the common characteristics and differences in the Asian government owned asset management companies. By looking at the framework for the establishment of each country's asset management company, the transfer of assets to it, its resolution of those assets and financing issues, the authors are able to identify a number of important factors that contribute to the successful operation of an asset management company. The issues discussed in this paper are critical for not only banking supervisors, but also others who are involved in financial sector stability since asset management companies are typically only used in response to significant banking sector problems. The issues raised in this paper will be discussed at a high-level meeting of central bankers, banking supervisors and other government officials being held in Bangkok in February 2004. Jason George is a Senior Financial Sector Specialist at the BIS Financial Stability Institute in Basel, Switzerland. He has served in this role since 2001, working with banking supervisors, principally in emerging market countries, to assist them in strengthening their supervisory capacity. Previously he worked for the International Monetary Fund as an adviser for three years to the Bank of Thailand, and for KPMG, advising the Croatian National Bank. In addition, he was a banking supervisor for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States. Stefan Hohl is a Senior Economist focusing on banking regulation and supervision at the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific in Hong Kong SAR. Before joining the BIS he worked at the Deutsche Bundesbank in Frankfurt as a banking supervisor. Prior to this, he gained market experience while …
Secure multipath routing for AMI network in Smart Grid

A Smart Grid is the modernization of the electricity grid using communication technology with the prime goals of reducing energy consumption as well as cost increasing reliability and creating new services for all participants. It comprises key components such as Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that includes Neighborhood area network (NAN). When multi-hopping is considered in wireless communication, especially in WiFi and ZigBee, the range of communication can be extended to communicate with the gateway collector in AMI network. Wireless mesh AMI network may have smart meters, NAN gateway, and fixed as well as mobile repeaters. Though many techniques have been developed to secure on-demand routing protocols in wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks, these protocols have shortcomings. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust security mechanism for multipath routing protocol in wireless mesh AMI networks. We have analyzed its robustness to various attacks. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is better than existing secure routing protocols.
Autonomous wireless backbone deployment with bounded number of networked robots

Networked robots can provide a communication substrate by establishing a wireless network backbone. Here, we investigate the problem of autonomously deploying robots to establish a wireless communication backbone so that a team of clients get connected. First, our approach calculates the Steiner Tree, considering even if the environment has obstacles. Then, we design a communicating extended finite state machine that allows robots to deploy the backbone autonomously. We prove that our approach needs a bounded number of networked robots. We validate our algorithm with simulations and experiments with physical robots in an indoor environment. We also evaluate the established backbone with network metric (end to end TCP throughput).
Improving Students’ Learning Achievement Through Think, Talk, and Write (TTW) Learning Mode

This study was aimed to improve students’ learning achievement on reinforced concrete construction in which the Pre-Determined Minimum Criterion of Standard Mastery (KKM) that had not reached through the implementation of Think Talk and Write (TTW) learning model. This research involved 31 students of SMK in Wonosari District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted through Classroom Action Research (CAR) in which each cycle consisted of: (1) planning, (2) acting, (3) observing, and (4) reflecting. The data were collected through observation technique, questionnaires, and documentation analyzed through quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the TTW learning model significantly improved the students’ learning outcomes which could be seen from the results of the percentage of students’ learning mastery in the first cycle with a total number of 18 (58.06%) and the second cycle with a total number of 27 students (87.1%). Therefore, there was an increase of 25.8%. In addition, the TTW learning model was able to improve student’s learning activities from the first cycle to second cycle with the average gain value of 0.3625 which indicated that the improvement of student’s learning activities was in the medium category. Keywords: Learning, think talk and write, learning achievement. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar konstruksi Beton Bertulang yang belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan M inimal melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Think Talk and Write (TTW). Penelitian ini melibatkan 31 siswa SMK di Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) satu siklus yang terdiri dari: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, tes angket, dan dokumentasi yang dianalisis dengan teknik kuantitatif dan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran TTW secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa. Hasil tersebut ditunjukkan dari hasil persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus pertama dengan jumlah 18 siswa menunjukkan persentase sebesar 58,06% dan siklus kedua dengan jumlah 27 siswa menunjukkan persentase sebesar 87,1%, sehingga terdapat kenaikan 25,8 %. Selain itu, model pembelajaran TTW mampu meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa dari siklus pertama ke siklus kedua dengan nilai rerata gain yaitu, 0,3625 yang mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa berada dalam kategori sedang. K a t a Kunci: Pembelajaran, think talk and write, prestasi belajar. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.23960/jpp.v8. i1.201802
Dynamic Expression of the Translational Machinery during Bacillus subtilis Life Cycle at a Single Cell Level

The ability of bacteria to responsively regulate the expression of translation components is crucial for rapid adaptation to fluctuating environments. Utilizing Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) as a model organism, we followed the dynamics of the translational machinery at a single cell resolution during growth and differentiation. By comprehensive monitoring the activity of the major rrn promoters and ribosomal protein production, we revealed diverse dynamics between cells grown in rich and poor medium, with the most prominent dissimilarities exhibited during deep stationary phase. Further, the variability pattern of translational activity varied among the cells, being affected by nutrient availability. We have monitored for the first time translational dynamics during the developmental process of sporulation within the two distinct cellular compartments of forespore and mother-cell. Our study uncovers a transient forespore specific increase in expression of translational components. Finally, the contribution of each rrn promoter throughout the bacterium life cycle was found to be relatively constant, implying that differential expression is not the main purpose for the existence of multiple rrn genes. Instead, we propose that coordination of the rrn operons serves as a strategy to rapidly fine tune translational activities in a synchronized fashion to achieve an optimal translation level for a given condition.
EVALUATION OF OVICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hyptis suaveolens (L) POIT (LAMIACEAE) AGAINST Anopheles gambiae (DIPTERA: ANOPHELIDAE) COMPLEX

The female Anopheles gambiae s.l is the principalintermediate host/vector of Plasmodium - the causative organism of malaria fever in many tropical countries. After a preliminary acute toxicity screening of leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens using descending series of concentrations (1000, 500, 100, 50 and 5 μg/ml ), two extracts (aqueous and ethanolic ) were assayed against freshly laid eggs and larval instars of An. gambiae following the standard World Health Organisation ovicide and insecticide susceptibility bioassay methodology. The results indicate that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plant significantly (F = 30.23, df = 5, p < 0.01; F = 45.28, df = 5, ρ < 0.01 respectively) reduced the viability of the An. gambiae ova exposed to different doses of the extracts. In the ovicidal assay the lethal inhibition doses of egg hatching (IH50) was 31.52 and 48.01/μg/ml respectively for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Also at a dose of 82.5 μg/ml the ethanolic extract completely inhibited An. gambiae hatching whereas the aqueous extract could inhibit only 70.42% egg hatching at the same dose. The results further indicate that both ethanolic and aqueous extracts also exhibited larval median lethal toxic (LC 50 ) values of 62.41 (range 61.22 – 67.04) and 80.02 (range 77.55 – 86.41) respectively thus making both extracts candidates for further fractionation and compound isolation studies to characterize the active phytochemical constituents.
Security issues in mobile payment from the customer viewpoint

Disclosed is a method for transmitting an acknowledgement signal in response to downlink data by a station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. To this end, the STA receives a downlink physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including a control information subfield for uplink scheduling information and downlink data from an access point (AP) and transmits, to the AP, an uplink PPDU including an acknowledgement signal in response to the downlink data according to the uplink scheduling information. In this case, the control information subfield may include length information of the uplink PPDU, resource unit (RU) allocation information for the uplink PPDU, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information for the uplink PPDU, transmit power of the AP, and target receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) information of the AP.
Do Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exhale More Hydrogen Than Healthy Subjects in Fasting State?

TO THE EDITOR: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort with altered bowel habits. It affects approximately 10%-20% of the adult population, with typical symptoms like abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea and bloating.1,2 Although IBS is not lethal, it can reduce quality of life and increase medical costs. While the cause of IBS is still unclear, visceral hypersensitivity, immune activation, enteric neuromuscular dysfunction and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis have been suggested.3-6 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has also been proposed as an etiologic factor in IBS, but the evidence is conflicting yet.7
Human Error Tolerant Anomaly Detection Using Time-Periodic Packet Sampling

This paper focuses on an anomaly detection method that uses a baseline model describing the normal behavior of network traffic as the basis for comparison with the audit network traffic. In the anomaly detection method, an alarm is raised if a pattern in the current network traffic deviates from the baseline model. The baseline model is often trained using normal traffic data extracted from traffic data for which all instances (i.e., packets) are manually labeled by human experts in advance as either normal or anomalous. However, since humans are fallible, some errors are inevitable in labeling traffic data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an anomaly detection method that is tolerant to human errors in labeling traffic data. The fundamental idea behind the proposed method is to take advantage of the lossy nature of packet sampling for the purpose of correcting/preventing human errors in labeling traffic data. By using real traffic traces, we show that the proposed method can better detect anomalies regarding TCP SYN packets than the method that relies only on human labeling.
Development Period of Prefrontal Cortex

This chapter outlines the issues associated with the development of prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents, and describes the developmental profile of executive pro cesses across childhood. The prefrontal cortex plays an essential role in various cognitive functions and little is known about how such neural mechanisms develop during child hood yet. To better understand this issue, we focus the literature on the development of the prefrontal cortex during early childhood, the changes in structural architecture, neural activity, and cognitive abilities. The prefrontal cortex undergoes maturation dur- ing childhood with a reduction of synaptic and neuronal density, a growth of dendrites, and an increase in white matter volume. With these neuroanatomical changes, neural networks construct appropriate for complex cognitive processing. The organization of prefrontal cortical circuitry may have been critical to the occurrence of human-specific executive and social-emotional functions, and developmental pathology in these same systems underlies many psychiatric disorders; therefore, if we understand these developmental process well, we could better analyze the development of psychiatric disorders.
Occupational Feminization, Specialized Human Capital and Wages: Evidence from the British Labour Market

Research has consistently demonstrated a negative and significant relationship between occupational feminization and wages. This has traditionally been attributed to societal mechanisms undervaluing the work mainly performed by women. More recently, empirical evidence from the US and Europe has supported theories based on the concept of specialized human capital. We examine whether lower wages in female-dominated occupations in Britain are explained by differences in specialized human capital, allowing for other potentially mediating factors. We also explore the functional form of the relationship between occupational feminization and wages and estimate the contribution of occupational sex segregation to the gender pay-gap.