Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informal learning through expertise mining in the social web

The advent of Web 2.0, also called the Social Web, has changed the way people interact with the Web. Assisted by the technologies associated with this new trend, users now play a much more active role as content providers. This Web paradigm shift has also changed how companies operate and interact with their employees, partners and customers. The challenge for companies and research institutions is now to develop (semi-) automated tools for gathering usable and explicit knowledge from such content. With the aim of facilitating the achievement of such a challenge, in this work a platform architecture for informal learning, which is based on semantic technologies, is proposed. Such platform permits to perform expertise mining from Social Web-generated content. Given a topic of interest, the system carries out semantically enhanced operations on blog and microblog posts to identify experts in that specific topic area. The comprehensive evaluation of the tool has demonstrated very promising results and is also presented in this article.
Graduating Social Work Students’ Perspectives on Domestic Violence

This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that examined 124 social work students’ views on the causes and dynamics of domestic violence and their recommended interventions in a case scenario. Most students graduated from the master of social work (MSW) program with a mental health perspective on domestic violence. Only a small percentage were aware of specific interventions for domestic violence and many continued to attribute domestic violence to mental health and substance abuse problems in the victim and perpetrator. Graduates with domestic violence experience varied little from their peers in suggested domestic violence interventions or comments about the causes of domestic violence. The findings suggest that a deliberate, focused attempt to inform students about domestic violence is needed, rather than a reliance on general MSW courses. This article presents research on social work graduates’ views on the causes of domestic violence and interventions in domestic violence cases. Domestic violence continues to be a multifaceted problem that an estimated 22% of women experience over their lifetimes (Thoennes & Tjaden, 2000). Many people believe that a woman’s behavior can contribute to intimate partner violence, some believe that women want to be abused, and a large majority believe that women can easily leave abusive relationships (Worden & Carlson, 2005). Overall, most people believe that the causes of domestic violence are rooted in the individual and family; few people view domestic violence as a problem with roots in society or culture (Worden & Carlson, 2005).
The influence of teacher education on mentor teachers’ role perception in professional development schools

Apprenticeship and professional development schools (PDSs) are two models for teacher education. The mentors that are the focus for this research completed their initial teacher training through one of these models and now mentor in PDSs. The paper reports on how the way in which they were trained as student teachers influenced their role perceptions. The findings suggest that mentor teachers who were trained via the PDSs model have a broader conceptual understanding of their role perception.
Scaling up Heuristic Planning with Relational Decision Trees

Current evaluation functions for heuristic planning are expensive to compute. In numerous planning problems these functions provide good guidance to the solution, so they are worth the expense. However, when evaluation functions are misguiding or when planning problems are large enough, lots of node evaluations must be computed, which severely limits the scalability of heuristic planners. In this paper, we present a novel solution for reducing node evaluations in heuristic planning based on machine learning. Particularly, we define the task of learning search control for heuristic planning as a relational classification task, and we use an off-the-shelf relational classification tool to address this learning task. Our relational classification task captures the preferred action to select in the different planning contexts of a specific planning domain. These planning contexts are defined by the set of helpful actions of the current state, the goals remaining to be achieved, and the static predicates of the planning task. This paper shows two methods for guiding the search of a heuristic planner with the learned classifiers. The first one consists of using the resulting classifier as an action policy. The second one consists of applying the classifier to generate lookahead states within a Best First Search algorithm. Experiments over a variety of domains reveal that our heuristic planner using the learned classifiers solves larger problems than state-of-the-art planners.
Phenanthriplatin, a monofunctional DNA-binding platinum anticancer drug candidate with unusual potency and cellular activity profile

Monofunctional platinum(II) complexes of general formula cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N-heterocycle)Cl]Cl bind DNA at a single site, inducing little distortion in the double helix. Despite this behavior, these compounds display significant antitumor properties, with a different spectrum of activity than that of classic bifunctional cross-linking agents like cisplatin. To discover the most potent monofunctional platinum(II) compounds, the N-heterocycle was systematically varied to generate a small library of new compounds, with guidance from the X-ray structure of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stalled at a monofunctional pyriplatin-DNA adduct. In pyriplatin, the N-heterocycle is pyridine. The most effective complex evaluated was phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(phenanthridine)Cl]NO3, which exhibits significantly greater activity than the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Studies of phenanthriplatin in the National Cancer Institute 60-cell tumor panel screen revealed a spectrum of activity distinct from that of these clinically validated anticancer agents. The cellular uptake of phenanthriplatin is substantially greater than that of cisplatin and pyriplatin because of the hydrophobicity of the phenanthridine ligand. Phenanthriplatin binds more effectively to 5′-deoxyguanosine monophosphate than to N-acetyl methionine, whereas pyriplatin reacts equally well with both reagents. This chemistry supports DNA as a viable cellular target for phenanthriplatin and suggests that it may avoid cytoplasmic platinum scavengers with sulfur-donor ligands that convey drug resistance. With the use of globally platinated Gaussia luciferase vectors, we determined that phenanthriplatin inhibits transcription in live mammalian cells as effectively as cisplatin, despite its inability to form DNA cross-links.
Production, perception, and emergent phonotactic patterns: A case of contrastive palatalization (review)

away from morpheme structure, stress, and vowel quality (but see Section 2.2 on Russian). Before plain consonants (coda) Sequences with all 12 theoretically possible medial combinations of stops are given in (6). In these strings, /p/, /p/, /t/, and /t/ occur before plain labials, coronals, and dorsals. The clusters can be hetero-organic (e.g., pt and pk) or homorganic (e.g., pp). This distribution pattern (Pattern 1) is reported for an eastern Bulgarian dialect (Nova Nadezhda): the contrast between plain and palatalized labials and coronals is maintained regardless of the place of articulation of the following consonant. It should be mentioned, however, that many of the CC cases in this dialect involve inflectional morpheme boundaries (Joseph Schallert p.c. 2001). This important morphological conditioning will be discussed in more detail in Sections 2.2 and 2.3. Erzya Mordva, with a threeway contrast (/p/, /t/, /t/), is another language that does not seem to restrict the occurrence of the palatalized /t/ before plain segments (Redei 1984: 214-217). Most of the languages, however, are much more restrictive in the distribution of the palatalized segments. Pattern 2 (7) is similar to Pattern 1, but neutralizes the distinction between preconsonantal labials, and the consonant that surfaces is plain [p]. This pattern is found in another Bulgarian dialect (Krinichnoe). A more common pattern, Pattern 3 (8), is attested in Russian, Belorussian, and Polish. In these languages neutralization affects not only labials, but also coronals before homorganic consonants (e.g., *atta). In this case the plain [p] and [t] are the output of neutralization. Note that the hetero-organic clusters with /t/ (tp and tk) are perfectly well-formed in these languages. The neutralization pattern is often reflected in phonological alternations /p/ versus /p/, /t/ versus /t/. Finally, many languages, like Irish, Scots Gaelic, Lithuanian, and some northern Russian (Vologda-Vyatka) and Bulgarian dialects (Bela Cherkva), allow only plain-plain clusters, while prohibiting palatalized-plain sequences (9). This pattern, Pattern 4, neutralizes the distinction before plain consonants altogether: only plain segments are possible before other plain consonants. 12 Khristov (1956) and Chekman (1970) mention no restrictions on the palatalized consonants, however, the examples given do not include palatalized segments before
Women with Disabilities and Experiences of Abuse

Abstract A qualitative study of disabled and non-disabled professionals and survivors of abuse revealed a range of types of abuse endured by disabled women, some of which were unique to that population. Two major themes emerged from data analysis: vulnerable beginnings and complexity of abuse. Three sub-themes are encompassed within complexity of abuse: active abuse, abuse through image, and contextual abuse by social service/legislative systems. The authors present data essential to an informed assessment and analysis of abuse that considers the person-in-environment circumstances of women with disabilities. Implications for future research and the human behavior in the social environment curriculum are discussed.
RESHAPING HABANA VIEJA: REVITALIZATION, HISTORIC PRESERVATION, AND RESTRUCTURING IN THE SOCIALIST CITY

Urban and regional planning in Cuba reversed course in the 1990s after decades of an antiurban policy focus. With the demise of the Soviet Union and attendant foreign aid in 1989, planners turned toward Havana's UNESCO World Heritage district (Habana Vieja, or Old Havana). Profound historic preservation, architectural renewal, and modernization of infrastructure characterized the development efforts of the old quarters during the 1990s. In the process, issues emerged that are germane to urban revitalization, historic preservation and restructuring. This essay examines how a major development corporation, Habaguanex, is transforming the old city and defining a geography of heritage in the socialist city. [Key words: Havana, revitalization, restructuring, tourism, historic preservation, Habaguanex, socialist planning, heritage. ]
A comparative study of active play on differently designed playgrounds

The physical and social environment of children in cities is continuously changing. Knowledge about the positive effects of natural play experiences within the child’s development is becoming widely known. Affordances of diverse landscape elements and especially loose parts for play in natural environments influence play activities. New concepts of natural playgrounds emerge and call for more research in this field. We conducted a comparative study on differently designed playgrounds (contemporary, naturally structured) in Bremen, Germany. The aim of the study was to further explore how diverse play environments afford different forms of play in kindergarten children aged between five and six years. Results show differences in number and duration of play episodes as well as in the occurrence of different categories of play. Existing observational instruments need improvement to adequately evaluate the impact of new playground concepts on early childhood activities.
Parasite specialization from a phylogenetic perspective: a new index of host specificity

The host specificity of a parasite is not merely a function of how many host species it can exploit, but also of how closely related these host species are to each other. Here, a new index of host specificity is proposed, one that takes into account the average taxonomic or phylogenetic distance between pairs of host species used by a parasite. The index is derived from measures of taxonomic distinctness used in biodiversity studies. It is easy to compute and interpret, ranging from a minimum value of 1 when all host species are members of the same genus, to a maximum of 5, when all host species belong to different classes. The variance of this measure can also be computed, and provides additional information on the taxonomic or phylogenetic structure of the host assemblage. Using data on helminth parasites of Canadian freshwater fishes, we show that the new index, unlike the mere number of known host species, is independent of study effort i.e. the number of published records of a parasite. Although the index and the number of known hosts are not entirely independent statistically, each captures a different aspect of host specificity. For instance, although acanthocephalans infect significantly more host species than trematodes, cestodes or nematodes, there is no difference in the average index value among these 4 helminth taxa, suggesting that the average taxonomic distances between the host species of a parasite do not vary among these higher taxa. We recommend the use of our new index in future comparative studies of host specificity, in particular when the focus is on the evolutionary history of parasites and of their past colonizations of host lineages.
Finite Element Analysis for Groove Wander Prediction of Passenger Car Tires with the Longitudinal Tread Grooves

A finite element modeling technique is employed in this paper to predict the groove wander of longitudinal tread grooved tires. In generally, groove wander is the lateral force acting on a vehicle’s wheel resulting from the combination of rain grooves. If the lateral force of tire is generated by groove wander, unexpected lateral motion of vehicle will happen and it makes drivers uncomfortable. This paper describes the effect of groove wander according to the shape condition of tire tread groove and highway groove using the finite element analysis based on a static loading or a steady-state rolling assumption. The road groove can be located anywhere relative to the longitudinal tread groove. Therefore, the lateral force of the tire is changing depending on the location of the groove road. The numerical results for groove wander prediction of the longitudinal tread grooved tires are compared with the subjective evaluation. It is found that the waveform for the tire with varying grooved road position has a peak-to-peak lateral force in order to estimate the rating of groove wander. The effect of the road groove width and the pitch length on the peak-to-peak lateral force of tire is discussed. It is found that the prediction of FEA-based groove wander model using finite element analysis will be useful for the reliability design of the tire tread pattern design.
Recent reforms to German legal education

LEGISLATORS IN Germany recently reformed university legal education to make it more efficient, international, and practice-oriented. After sketching the basic reforms, this article examines whether these goals have been met. Specifically, it will look at whether study times have been shortened and whether the curriculum has become more international and practice-oriented. It will also briefly look at two aspects that were not part of the recent reforms: the granting of university degrees in law, and efforts to harmonise the curricula at universities with the training of business lawyers (Wirtschaftsjuristen) at polytechnic colleges (Fachhochschulen).
A Lesson Is Like a Swiftly Flowing River: How Research Lessons Improve Japanese Education

n recent years, Japanese elementary school teachers have succeeded in making a basic change in their approach to teaching science. They have shifted from ’teaching as telling’ to ’teaching for understanding’, and they accomplished this as they taught their classes and continued with their usual professional duties. How did they achieve this remarkable change? As we investigated the question over the past three years, Japanese teachers repeatedly pointed to the impact of ’research lessons’ (kenkyuu jugyou) as central to individual, schoolwide, and even national improvement of teaching.
Continent-Wide Decoupling of Y-Chromosomal Genetic Variation from Language and Geography in Native South Americans

Numerous studies of human populations in Europe and Asia have revealed a concordance between their extant genetic structure and the prevailing regional pattern of geography and language. For native South Americans, however, such evidence has been lacking so far. Therefore, we examined the relationship between Y-chromosomal genotype on the one hand, and male geographic origin and linguistic affiliation on the other, in the largest study of South American natives to date in terms of sampled individuals and populations. A total of 1,011 individuals, representing 50 tribal populations from 81 settlements, were genotyped for up to 17 short tandem repeat (STR) markers and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs), the latter resolving phylogenetic lineages Q and C. Virtually no structure became apparent for the extant Y-chromosomal genetic variation of South American males that could sensibly be related to their inter-tribal geographic and linguistic relationships. This continent-wide decoupling is consistent with a rapid peopling of the continent followed by long periods of isolation in small groups. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified a distinct geographical cluster of Y-SNP lineages C-M217 (C3*) in South America. Such haplotypes are virtually absent from North and Central America, but occur at high frequency in Asia. Together with the locally confined Y-STR autocorrelation observed in our study as a whole, the available data therefore suggest a late introduction of C3* into South America no more than 6,000 years ago, perhaps via coastal or trans-Pacific routes. Extensive simulations revealed that the observed lack of haplogroup C3* among extant North and Central American natives is only compatible with low levels of migration between the ancestor populations of C3* carriers and non-carriers. In summary, our data highlight the fact that a pronounced correlation between genetic and geographic/cultural structure can only be expected under very specific conditions, most of which are likely not to have been met by the ancestors of native South Americans.
Child Welfare Practice in Organizational and Institutional Context

Child welfare policy changes have intensified the need for effective child welfare practice, yet little is known about the everyday practices of frontline child welfare caseworkers. Based in Michael Lipsky’s theory of street‐level bureaucracy, this study explores child welfare practice through interviews with frontline caseworkers and observations in juvenile court. The study suggests that best practices in child welfare are compromised not only by organizational pressures, such as time limitations, but also by pressures to conform practices to the expectations of powerful institutions in the organizational environment.
The Value of Environmental and Health Claims on New Legume Products: A Non-Hypothetical Online Auction

Legumes are valued in agricultural systems, as they can contribute to a more sustainable land use. However, their economic value is low. Despite health and environmental benefits, marketers struggle to communicate the worth of legumes to consumers. We evaluate the worth of health and, in particular, environmental claims that would spread consumers’ awareness of ecological advantages. Utilizing a large consumer sample, we execute binding online auctions. Comparing claim-treated and untreated subjects (between design), we model the price premium that potential customers are willing to pay (WTP) for having pasta in a legume instead of a wheat version. We find that claims may increase the WTP, however, a mix of environmental and health claims is superior to individual claims. Effect sizes suggest that the mix of claims increases the WTP by roughly 35% (20 cents). The link of WTP and food attitudes, such as concern for health in eating habits or social reservations towards legumes, varies depending on whether the green-pea or chickpea pasta was evaluated. A critical perception of legumes’ association with flatulence reduces the WTP. Developing the online auction may enable researchers to increase the external validity of consumer samples. We discuss implications for researchers and marketers.
The (In)Significance of Socio-Demographic Factors as Possible Determinants of Vietnamese Social Scientists’ Contribution-Adjusted Productivity: Preliminary Results from 2008–2017 Scopus Data

As collaboration has become widespread in academia, and the number of authors per article has increased, the publication count is no longer an accurate indicator of scientific output in many cases. To overcome this limitation, this study defined and computed a relative count of publications called ‘CP’ (credit-based contribution points), based on the sequence-determines-credit (SDC) method, which takes into account the level of contribution of each author. Analyses were done on a sample of 410 Vietnamese social scientists whose publications were indexed in the Scopus database during 2008–2017. The results showed that the average CP of Vietnamese researchers in the field of social sciences and humanities is very low: more than 88% of authors have a CP less than five over a span 10 years. Researchers with a higher CP were mostly 40–50 years old; however, even for this sub-group, the mean CP was only 3.07. Multiple attributes of first-authorship—including knowledge, research skills, and critical thinking—could boost the CP by a ratio of 1:1.06. There is no evidence of gender differences in productivity, however, there is a regional difference. These findings offer significant insights into the education system in regard to science and technology, namely policy implications for science funding and management strategies for research funds.
Attitudes' hierarchy of effects in online user behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of the internet, as a new information channel for the consumer, on business results, and in particular, the consequences of attitude towards the web site with regard to customer behaviour and web site sponsor brand.Design/methodology/approach – A survey instrument was used to gather data to test the relationships in the research model.Findings – The paper shows the importance of attitude towards the web site and attitude towards the internet in explaining attitude towards the brand and consumer e‐behaviour, and identifies the hierarchy of effects operative among these three concepts of attitude: attitude towards the internet; attitude towards the web site; and attitude towards the brand.Research limitations – This study only looked at one category of web site – free‐content sites. Future research could apply the conclusions of this study to other types of web sites, e.g. the e‐commerce web site and the corporate web site.Practical implications.