Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Financial Risk on Financial Performance in the Non-Cyclical Consumer Industry Listed on the BEI

Financial performance refers to the assessment of a company's accomplishments concerning its overall health within a specific timeframe. This study aimed to investigate the impact of financial risk on the financial performance of non-cyclical consumer sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The objective was to analyze how financial risk influences operational risk, market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, solvency risk, and control variables, namely company size and leverage, on return on equity-a key metric for measuring financial performance. The study focused on the 52 non-cyclical consumer industry companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period spanning from 2018 to 2022. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilized secondary data collected from audited annual reports. Panel data regression models were employed for testing purposes. The findings revealed that market risk and credit risk exerted a negative influence on financial performance, whereas liquidity risk, solvency risk, and operational risk demonstrated no significant impact on financial performance. The implications of this research provide financial managers with insights into optimizing financial performance to attain organizational objectives, particularly in enhancing shareholder welfare.
Anger in young men and subsequent premature cardiovascular disease: the precursors study.

BACKGROUND Anger can trigger myocardial ischemia and may be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, but its effect on early compared with late onset of disease is unclear. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 1055 men followed up for 32 to 48 years to examine the risk of premature and total cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with anger responses to stress during early adult life. Highest level of anger was defined as a self-report of all 3 possible anger reactions to stress (expressed or concealed anger, gripe sessions, and irritability) on a checklist questionnaire administered in medical school. Premature disease was defined as events before age 55 years. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 36 years, 205 men developed CVD (cumulative incidence at 76 years, 34.5%), of whom 77 men developed premature disease (cumulative incidence before 55 years, 7.9%). The highest level of anger was associated with an increased risk of premature CVD (adjusted relative risk, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-8.6), including premature coronary heart disease (relative risk, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-11.8) and premature myocardial infarction (relative risk, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-22.3), compared with lower levels of anger. When CVD events after age 55 years were included, there was no longer a statistically significant association between anger and CVD. CONCLUSION High level of anger in response to stress in young men is associated with an increased risk of subsequent premature CVD, particularly myocardial infarction.
Salmonella Typhimurium infection in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoiec dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria

The incidence of Salmonella in dogs was investigated to assess the risk of possible transmission of Salmonella from dogs to humans. Salmonella was isolated from 17 (3.7%) of 458 faecal samples collected from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic dogs. The infection rate was 3.2% (2 of 62) in a Nigerian local breed and 4.1% (15 of 396) in the Alsatian breed. All the isolates were serotyped as Salmonella Typhimurium. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the Salmonella isolates was determined. They demonstrated a high susceptibility to ciprofl oxacin (100%) and chloramphenicol (89.2%) but they were all (100%) resistant to erythromycin and Cloxacillin. Resistance was also exhibited to tetracycline (70.6%), ampicillin (47.1%), cefuroxime (52.9%), amoxicillin (35.3%), cotrimaxazole (76.5%), augumentin (52.9%), gentamicin (35.3%) and streptomycin (35.3%). Dogs that harbour Salmonella can serve as a source of Salmonella infection to their human companions. They can also disseminate the organism by contaminating the environment thereby exposing the general public and other animals to the risk of infection.
THE ANEURISMAL ABDOMINAL AORTA WALL MECHANICAL RESISTANCE LOSS AND COLLAGEN FIBRE PATHOLOGICAL REORIENTATION. A NUMERICAL STUDY

The biomechanical propertiesâ€™ changes of the abdominal aortic aneurysmsâ€™ (AAA) walls are closely related to the pathological degeneration of the smooth muscle cells and the main fibrous components (collagen and elastin). In this study, the passive mechanical response of the aneurysmal aortic wall is computationally investigated as a function of the dispersion and orientation of collagen. So, to better understand how the ultimate resistance of the diseased wall varies, several numerical simulations on models of AAA specimens have been performed, using the Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel anisotropic hyperplastic constitutive model where the dispersion and orientation parameters are explicitly introduced. The simulations were carried out for a variation of the average orientation of the collagen from 0Â° to 90Â° with a dispersion that varies from 0 (orthotropic case) to 1/3 (isotropic case). The results of the numerical simulations show that an increase in the dispersion and the angle of orientation in the aneurysm leads to a decrease in the circumferential resistance of the diseased artery. Such results can help to better understand the negative effects of the disease on the arterial wall and to target the necessary therapy.
The design and characterization of breakdown mechanism on p+/n- well single photon Avalanche Diode (Spad)

In this paper, the breakdown voltage (VBD) and dark current (ID) of p+/n-well avalanche photodiodes operating in Geiger is reported. Simulations are performed by implemented the numerical simulations at the technological process and electrical level by using two dimensional TCAD simulations. The simulation analysis aims at relating both the VBD and ID to the relevant the device parameters, such as epitaxial layer thickness and doping concentration, in the context of device performance optimization for photon counting application. The optimized design of the Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) is included with the guard ring by the diffusion of p-wells layer to prevent the edge breakdown by limiting the high electric field at the junction periphery of the device. The result demonstrated that, the SPAD with square shape active area of 2 x 2 µm2 using low doped p-well guard ring has VBD of 27 V and IA of 0.85 pA. The simulation performances are also useful for characterization performance of silicon SPAD prior fabrication in low voltage CMOS Process.
Effects of Landscape Compositional and Configurational Heterogeneity on Biodiversity in Eastern Ontario Farmland

Effective management action for biodiversity in farmland can often be complex given the multitude of species' needs and various habitat requirements. Biodiversity and land cover data from a previous study in eastern Ontario (Fahrig et al., 2015) was used to conduct random forest regression as a decision tool. This analysis was conducted for a variety of landscape metrics and their effect on alpha, beta, and gamma diversity and abundance of birds, bees, butterflies, syrphids, spiders, carabids, and plants. Main findings of the research supported the initial assertion by Fahrig et al. (2015) to make field sizes smaller in the interest of biodiversity conservation. It was also found that field types should be variably distributed, which has implications for biodiversity and land use management in eastern Ontario.
Are students' beliefs about knowledge and learning associated with their reported use of learning strategies?

BACKGROUND Although considerable research has examined beliefs and learning outcomes (e.g. Schommer, 1990, 1993a, 1993b; Schommer & Dunnell, 1997), little has looked at the relationship between beliefs and the actual learning process. AIMS This research examines the relationship between beliefs about learning and knowledge, and reports of learning strategy-use relevant for successful text comprehension. SAMPLE Participants were 81 Norwegian university students who had studied from 1 to 4 years in a range of disciplines. METHOD Students' beliefs about knowledge and learning were measured with the Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire (SEQ; Schommer, 1998b). Learning strategies particularly useful for text-based learning were measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991). A correlational analysis between measures and full regression analyses of how beliefs influence strategy selection were performed. RESULTS Beliefs about how thoroughly knowledge is integrated in networks (simple) and how fixed the ability to learn is from birth (fixed) contributed significantly to reported strategy use: Simple to rehearsal and organizational strategies, fixed to elaboration and critical thinking strategies, and a combination of simple and fixed to strategies relevant to the thoughtful monitoring of learning tasks. Beliefs about how certain knowledge is (certain) and how quickly learning can be expected to occur (quick) were not found to contribute to reported learning- strategy use in any significant way. CONCLUSION Some, but not all, beliefs about knowledge and learning offer insight into students' reported use of learning strategies relevant for reading course literature.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease: meta-analysis of clinical trials

Objectives Few studies have focused on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The optimal treatment for CTD-PAH has yet to be established. Design Meta-analysis of the data from evaluations of treatment for PAH generally (19 studies) and CTD-PAH specifically (nine studies) to compare the effects of pulmonary vasodilative PAH agents. MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIOSIS were searched. English-language full-text articles published between January 1990 and August 2012 were eligible. Setting International. Participants Patients with PAH generally (n=3073) and CTD-PAH specifically (n=678). Primary outcome measure Exercise capacity (6 min walk distance, 6 MWD). Results Patients with PAH (all forms) had mean age 32–55 years (women, 61–87%); CTD-PAH patients had mean age 45–55 years (women, 74–95%). Overall estimate of mean change in 6 MWD from baseline (95% CI) for the active treatment group versus the control group in all patients with PAH was 34.6 m (27.4–41.9 m). Pooled mean differences from the results for patients receiving placebo by subgroup of patients receiving phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) and prostacyclin (PGI2) analogues were 22.4–45.5, 39.5–44.2 and 12.4–64.9 m, respectively. Overall estimate of mean difference between changes in 6 MWD in patients with CTD-PAH was 34.2 m (23.3–45.0 m). Pooled mean differences by subgroup of patients receiving PDE-5 inhibitors, ERAs and PGI2 analogues in patients with CTD-PAH were 37.0–47.1, 14.1–21.7 and 21.0–108.0 m, respectively. ERAs were less effective in patients with CTD-PAH than all-form patients with PAH: 14.1 m (−4.4–32.6 m) vs 39.5 m (19.5–59.6 m) for bosentan and 21.7 m (2.2–41.3 m) vs 44.2 m (30.2–58.2 m) for ambrisentan. Conclusions All three types of PAH agent are effective. However, ERAs may be a less effective choice against CTD-PAH; further studies are needed. Limitations include the limited number of studies for some agents and for patients with CTD-PAH.
Monitoring visual function in children with syndromic craniosynostosis: a comparison of 3 methods.

OBJECTIVE To compare visual acuity, optic disc appearance, and transient pattern reversal visual evoked potentials as markers of possible visual dysfunction in children with syndromic craniosynostosis. METHODS Serial visual acuity, optic disc appearance, and pattern reversal visual evoked potential data were recorded in 8 patients with syndromic craniosynostosis before and after cranial vault expansion. The pattern reversal visual evoked potentials were analyzed using linear regression modeling, applied to the N80 to P100 amplitude. RESULTS Serial optic disc appearances were available for all 8 patients and visual acuities for 7 patients. The visual acuity deteriorated in only 1 patient, improved in 4, and fluctuated in 2, before surgery. Of the 8 patients, 3 showed no papilledema in either eye at any time, 3 showed progressive bilateral swelling before surgery, and 2 exhibited only unilateral disc swelling. In all 8 patients, there was a trend for the N80 to P100 amplitude to decrease before surgery and to increase, in all but 2 patients, after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that neither optic disc appearance nor visual acuity assessment alone is a reliable marker of potential visual dysfunction in children with syndromic craniosynostosis. It also suggests that the pattern reversal visual evoked potential can provide early evidence of visual dysfunction before vault expansion surgery in these children; this dysfunction may recover postoperatively.
Separation of Ownership and Control

ABSENT fiat, the form of organization that survives in an activity is the one that delivers the product demanded by customers at the lowest price while covering costs.1 Our goal is to explain the survival of organizations characterized by separation of "ownership" and "control"-a problem that has bothered students of corporations from Adam Smith to Berle and Means and Jensen and Meckling.2 In more precise language, we are concerned with the survival of organizations in which important decision agents do not bear a substantial share of the wealth effects of their decisions. We argue that the separation of decision and risk-bearing functions observed in large corporations is common to other organizations such as large professional partnerships, financial mutuals, and nonprofits. We contend that separation of decision and risk-bearing functions survives in these organizations in part because of the benefits of specialization of
Neuronal Profilin Isoforms Are Addressed by Different Signalling Pathways

Profilins are prominent regulators of actin dynamics. While most mammalian cells express only one profilin, two isoforms, PFN1 and PFN2a are present in the CNS. To challenge the hypothesis that the expression of two profilin isoforms is linked to the complex shape of neurons and to the activity-dependent structural plasticity, we analysed how PFN1 and PFN2a respond to changes of neuronal activity. Simultaneous labelling of rodent embryonic neurons with isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed both isoforms in the same synapse. Immunoelectron microscopy on brain sections demonstrated both profilins in synapses of the mature rodent cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Both isoforms were significantly more abundant in postsynaptic than in presynaptic structures. Immunofluorescence showed PFN2a associated with gephyrin clusters of the postsynaptic active zone in inhibitory synapses of embryonic neurons. When cultures were stimulated in order to change their activity level, active synapses that were identified by the uptake of synaptotagmin antibodies, displayed significantly higher amounts of both isoforms than non-stimulated controls. Specific inhibition of NMDA receptors by the antagonist APV in cultured rat hippocampal neurons resulted in a decrease of PFN2a but left PFN1 unaffected. Stimulation by the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on the other hand, led to a significant increase in both synaptic PFN1 and PFN2a. Analogous results were obtained for neuronal nuclei: both isoforms were localized in the same nucleus, and their levels rose significantly in response to KCl stimulation, whereas BDNF caused here a higher increase in PFN1 than in PFN2a. Our results strongly support the notion of an isoform specific role for profilins as regulators of actin dynamics in different signalling pathways, in excitatory as well as in inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, they suggest a functional role for both profilins in neuronal nuclei.
Navigating Lymphomas through BCR Signaling and Double-Hit Insights: Overview

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders originating from B, T, or NK lymphocytes. They represent approximately 4–5% of new cancer cases and are classified according to the revised WHO system based on cell lineage, morphology, immunophenotype, and genetics. Diagnosis requires adequate biopsy material, though integrated approaches are used for leukemic presentations. Molecular profiling is improving classification and identifying prognostic markers. Indolent NHLs, such as follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma, typically pursue a non-aggressive clinical course with long survival. Aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype. Recent studies have elucidated pathogenic mechanisms like MYC translocations and BCR pathway mutations. “Double hit” lymphomas with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 alterations confer a poor prognosis. Treatment approaches are evolving, with chemoimmunotherapy remaining standard for many indolent cases while intensified regimens and targeted agents show promise for refractory or high-risk aggressive disease. Continued elucidation of the genetic and microenvironmental underpinnings of lymphomagenesis is critical for developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
The Contributions of Attachment and Caregiving Orientations to Living a Meaningful Life

This study adopted Bowlby’s (1982) behavioral systems perspective on meaning in life by focusing on two behavioural systems discussed by Bowlby: attachment and caregiving. Three hypotheses were formulated: 1) attachment orientations will predict meaning in life; 2) caregiving orientations will predict meaning in life; 3) attachment will moderate the associations between caregiving and sense of meaning in life. Three hundred thirteen adults completed self-report scales measuring attachment, caregiving, and two aspects of meaning in life (presence of meaning and searching for meaning). Results indicated that attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance), caregiving deactivation, and the interaction between attachment anxiety and caregiving deactivation contributed uniquely to the prediction of meaning in life. In addition, religiosity contributed significantly to the presence of meaning. Finally, attachment anxiety and caregiving deactivation predicted searching for meaning. The study shows that a behavioral systems perspective can contribute to the literature on meaning in life.
Saccadic eye movement dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease

Saccades were measured by magnetic search coil technique in 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and compared with those of 11 age‐matched control subjects. We analyzed responses to target motion of predictable and unpredictable timing or amplitude, and responses to briefly flashed targets. Latencies were significantly prolonged and peak velocities reduced only when the timing of target motion was unpredictable. Saccades to predictable amplitude targets were abnormally hypometric. In 8 patients, impersistence of gaze was manifested by large‐amplitude saccadic intrusions away from the intended position of gaze. When instructed to make saccades away from a flashed target, patients made reflexive saccades toward the target. We attribute this visual grasp reflex to frontal lobe degeneration. These eye movement deficits can be used to quantify motor dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity Troponin for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes; yet, heterogeneity in CVD risk has been suggested in diabetes, providing a compelling rationale for improving diabetes risk stratification. We hypothesized that N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T may enhance CVD risk stratification beyond commonly used markers of risk and that CVD risk is heterogeneous in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Among 8,402 participants without prevalent CVD at visit 4 (1996–1998) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study there were 1,510 subjects with diabetes (mean age 63 years, 52% women, 31% African American, and 60% hypertensive). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 13.1 years, there were 540 incident fatal/nonfatal CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke). Both troponin T ≥14 ng/L (hazard ratio [HR] 1.96 [95% CI 1.57–2.46]) and NTproBNP >125 pg/mL (1.61 [1.29–1.99]) were independent predictors of incident CVD events at multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Addition of circulating cardiac biomarkers to traditional risk factors, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), and conventional markers of diabetes complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral arterial disease significantly improved CVD risk prediction (net reclassification index 0.16 [95% CI 0.07–0.22]). Compared with individuals without diabetes, subjects with diabetes had 1.6-fold higher adjusted risk of incident CVD. However, participants with diabetes with normal cardiac biomarkers and no conventional complications/abnormal ECG (n = 725 [48%]) were at low risk (HR 1.12 [95% CI 0.95–1.31]), while those with abnormal cardiac biomarkers, alone (n = 186 [12%]) or in combination with conventional complications/abnormal ECG (n = 243 [16%]), were at greater risk (1.99 [1.59–2.50] and 2.80 [2.34–3.35], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal levels of NTproBNP and troponin T may help to distinguish individuals with high diabetes risk from those with low diabetes risk, providing incremental risk prediction beyond commonly used markers of risk.
Impact of Occupational Exposure on Lead Levels in Women

In 1994, 207 women participated in a study designed to examine the effects of occupational exposure and various lifestyle factors on bone and blood lead levels. In vivo measurements of Pb concentrations in tibia were performed by X-ray fluorescence. All 108 former smelter employees and 99 referents provided blood samples and answered a questionnaire on lifestyle characteristics and the relevant medical history. Lead concentrations in tibia and blood were significantly higher in the exposed group. The difference in mean bone Pb concentrations of the two groups is markedly greater than the difference in the mean blood Pb concentrations, supporting the view that bone Pb measurements are a more reliable determinant of Pb body burden. Chronic exposure did not result in any statistically significant differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes. A significantly lower age at the onset of menopause in occupationally exposed women may suggest that Pb causes adverse changes in the pattern of estrus and menses. The exposed women had lower bone Pb concentrations than those found in most studies on predominantly male workers. Blood Pb concentrations remain increased in women long after the cessation of occupational exposure, reflecting the importance of the endogenous exposure. The endogenous exposure relation found for postmenopausal exposed women is consistent with data on male smelter workers, whereas the relation found for premenopausal women is significantly lower. This suggests that sex plays an important role in the metabolism of lead, and current models of exposure extrapolated from male data may be inappropriate for use on women.