Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Structural are Structural Parameters?

This paper studies how stable over time are the so-called "structural parameters" of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. To answer this question, we estimate a medium-scale DSGE model with real and nominal rigidities using U.S. data. In our model, we allow for parameter drifting and rational expectations of the agents with respect to this drift. We document that there is strong evidence that parameters change within our sample. We illustrate variations in the parameters describing the monetary policy reaction function and in the parameters characterizing the pricing behavior of firms and households. Moreover, we show how the movements in the pricing parameters are correlated with inflation. Thus, our results cast doubts on the empirical relevance of Calvo models.
Multi-constrained motion planning of a planar type humanoid using kinematic redundancy

The human being carries out multiple works simutaneously. Generally, two legs are constrained to the ground while two arms are performing some other jobs. Sometimes not only two legs but also any parts of the human body such as hand, elbow, head, etc. are kinematically constrained to the environment for special purpose. Sawing motion is one example of the multi-constrained motions. When a person saws a wood, two legs are constrained to the ground and one arm holds the object being sawn on the table so that another arm carries out a stable sawing task. In this paper, we introduces a new motion planning algorithm for a multi-constrained planar type humanoid robot, which exploits "redundant degrees of freedom" of the whole-body humanoid structure. A sequential redundancy resolution algorithm is employed, which ensures the ZMP stability and the planned multi-constrained motion. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulating a sawing motion for a planar humanoid model.
Talking modelling: examining secondary science teachers’ modelling-related talk during a model-based inquiry unit

ABSTRACT This study examines the classroom talk about models and modelling of two secondary science teachers implementing a model-based inquiry instructional unit. The goal was to better understand the opportunities for explicit metamodeling talk in the science classroom. The findings revealed the ways in which they used language to frame the modelling work of the classroom. Instances of modelling talk were identified in classroom videos, and coded using a framework for metamodeling knowledge. Findings revealed that, while instances of metamodeling talk were common, they were largely implicit. This shows that the teachers were aware and knowledgeable about metamodeling ideas (e.g. the nature of models, process of modelling, etc.), but often did not make these ideas explicit to their students. Such findings suggest a trend of focusing on models of phenomena rather than supporting student engagement in the epistemic practice of modelling for reasoning about phenomena. The findings also revealed specific opportunities for explicit metamodeling talk by the teachers including during share-out sessions and the negotiation of explanation criteria. Further implications for classroom practice and research are discussed.
Optimization of a Kraft Pulping System: Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution

Expectation of profit is the economic driving force motivating business activity in a free-enterprise economy. An increase in this profit for a given organization can be accomplished by discovering and following any of a number of courses of improved action. This paper presents an economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping system, which forms an integral part of a Pulp and Paper industry, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). Simulation results obtained are comparable (and are slightly better) with the given results which show that these algorithms are quite competent for solving large scale industrial optimization problems in a very small time.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia Caused by Acute Hepatitis A

Pure red cell aplasia is characterized as a normocytic anemia associated with reticulocytopenia and the absence of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. Pure red cell aplasia can be induced by various causes such as thymoma, connective tissue disease, viral infection, lymphoma, and adverse drug reactions. There have been only a few reports of pure red cell aplasia associated with acute viral hepatitis A. In Korea, no case of pure red cell aplasia caused by acute hepatitis A has yet been reported. We recently experienced a case of acute viral hepatitis A complicated by pure red cell aplasia. The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids. Here we report this case and review the literature.
High Quality Hatching

Hatching lines are often used in line illustrations to convey tone and texture of a surface. In this paper we present methods to generate hatching lines from polygonal meshes and render them in high quality either at interactive rates for on‐screen display or for reproduction in print. Our approach is based on local curvature information that is integrated to form streamlines on the surface of the mesh. We use a new algorithm that provides an even distribution of these lines. A special processing of these streamlines ensures high quality line rendering for both intended output media later on. While the streamlines are generated in a preprocessing stage, hatching lines are rendered either for vector‐based printer output or on‐screen display, the latter allowing for interaction in terms of changing the view parameters or manipulating the entire line shading model at run‐time using a virtual machine.
Obesity is associated with higher 4E-BP1 expression in endometrial cancer

Purpose Obesity is associated with risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC), and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway may play an instrumental role. We sought to explore the associations between cellular proliferation, Akt, and 4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) (a downstream target of mTORC1), in obese and nonobese women with and without EC. Methods Archival tissue-specimens from endometrial biopsies were grouped into two broad categories based on the observed disease behavior and similarities in tissue staining patterns: benign/hyperplasia (without cytologic atypia) (n=18) versus atypia (complex hyperplasia with cytologic atypia)/carcinoma (n=25). The characteristics of the study population, including height and weight to determine body mass index (BMI: kg/m2), were abstracted from medical records. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the phosphorylated (p)Akt, p4E-BP1, and antigen Ki67. Results Cytoplasmic and nuclear pAkt were significantly associated with cytoplasmic p4E-BP1 (ρ=+0.48, ρ=+0.50) (P<0.05) and nuclear p4E-BP1 (ρ=+0.40, ρ=+0.44) (P<0.05); cytoplasmic and nuclear p4E-BP1 were significantly associated with Ki67 (ρ=+0.46, ρ=+0.59) (P<0.05). Compared with the benign/hyperplasia group, the women with atypia/carcinoma had significantly higher cytoplasmic and nuclear p4E-BP1 and Ki67. This staining pattern was similar in obese women; however, in nonobese women, neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear p4E-BP1staining differed between benign/hyperplasia versus atypia/carcinoma. Conclusion The activation of 4E-BP1 was higher in the obese women with EC. Adiposity may be a key factor to consider in future studies investigating the role of 4E-BP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in EC.
Properly coloured copies and rainbow copies of large graphs with small maximum degree

Let G be a graph on n vertices with maximum degree Δ. We use the Lovász local lemma to show the following two results about colourings χ of the edges of the complete graph Kn. If for each vertex v of Kn the colouring χ assigns each colour to at most (n ‐ 2)/(22.4Δ2) edges emanating from v, then there is a copy of G in Kn which is properly edge‐coloured by χ. This improves on a result of Alon, Jiang, Miller, and Pritikin [Random Struct. Algorithms 23(4), 409–433, 2003]. On the other hand, if χ assigns each colour to at most n/(51Δ2) edges of Kn, then there is a copy of G in Kn such that each edge of G receives a different colour from χ. This proves a conjecture of Frieze and Krivelevich [Electron. J. Comb. 15(1), R59, 2008].
Bayesian nonparametric inference for nonhomogeneous Poisson processes

Several classes of nonparametric priors are employed to model the rate of occurrence of failures of the nonhomogeneous Poisson process used in software reliability or in repairable systems. The classes include the gamma process prior, the beta process prior, and the extended gamma process prior. We derive the posterior distribution for each process. Sampling based methods are developed for Bayesian inference. Numerical comparisons among the three classes are performed on a real software failure data set.
Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis in Czech

This paper presents a pioneering research on aspect-level sentiment analysis in Czech. The main contribution of the paper is the newly created Czech aspectlevel sentiment corpus, based on data from restaurant reviews. We annotated the corpus with two variants of aspect-level sentiment ‐ aspect terms and aspect categories. The corpus consists of 1,244 sentences and 1,824 annotated aspects and is freely available to the research community. Furthermore, we propose a baseline system based on supervised machine learning. Our system detects the aspect terms with Fmeasure 68.65% and their polarities with accuracy 66.27%. The categories are recognized with F-measure 74.02% and their polarities with accuracy 66.61%.
A Subhalo-Galaxy Correspondence Model of Galaxy Biasing

We propose a model for allocating galaxies in cosmological N-body simulations. We identify each subhalo with a galaxy and assign luminosity and morphological type, assuming that the galaxy luminosity is a monotonic function of the host subhalo mass. Morphology is assigned using two simple relations between the subhalo mass and galaxy luminosity for different galaxy types. The first uses a constant luminosity ratio between early-type (E/SO) and late-type (S/Irr) galaxies at a fixed subhalo mass. The other assumes that galaxies of different morphological types but equal luminosity have a constant ratio of subhalo mass. We made a series of comparisons of the properties of these mock galaxies with those of SDSS galaxies. The resulting mock galaxy sample is found to successfully reproduce the observed local number density distribution except in high-density regions. We study the luminosity function as a function of local density, and find that the observed luminosity functions in different local density environments are overall well reproduced by the mock galaxies. A discrepancy is found at the bright end of the luminosity function of early types in the underdense regions and at the faint end of both morphological types in very high density regions. A significant fraction of the observed early-type galaxies in voids seem to have undergone relatively recent star formation and become brighter. The lack of faint mock galaxies in dense regions may be due to the strong tidal force of the central halo, which destroys less massive satellite subhalos around the simulation. The mass-to-light ratio is found to depend on the local density in a way similar to that observed in the SDSS sample. We have found an impressive agreement between our mock galaxies and the SDSS galaxies in the dependence of central velocity dispersion on the local density and luminosity.
Matching feature points in stereo pairs: a comparative study of some matching strategies

Several algorithms are proposed in the literature to solve the difficult problem of feature point correspondence between image pairs. In order to obtain good quality results, they make use of different approaches and constraints to improve the quality of the matching set. A matching strategy is considered useful if it is able to filter out many of the mismatches found in an input matching set while keeping in most of the good matches present. In this paper, we present a survey of different matching strategies. We propose an empirical evaluation of their performance. The validation process used here determines the number of good matches and the proportion of good matches in a given match set and this for the different parameter values of a matching constraint.
The Effect of Thiamine and Thiamine Pyrophosphate on Oxidative Liver Damage Induced in Rats with Cisplatin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) on oxidative stress induced with cisplatin in liver tissue. Rats were divided into four groups; thiamine group (TG), TPP + cisplatin group (TPG), healthy animal group (HG), and cisplatin only group (CG). Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in liver tissue and AST, ALT, and LDH levels in rat sera were measured in all groups. Malondialdehyde levels in the CG, TG, TPG, and HG groups were 11 ± 1.4, 9 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.5, and 2.2 ± 0.48 μmol/g protein, respectively. Total glutathione levels were 2 ± 0.7, 2.8 ± 0.4, 7 ± 0.8, and 9 ± 0.6 nmol/g protein, respectively. Levels of 8-OH/Gua, a product of DNA damage, were 2.7 ± 0.4 pmol/L, 2.5 ± 0.5, 1.1 ± 0.3, and 0.9 ± 0.3 pmol/L, respectively. A statistically significant difference was determined in oxidant/antioxidant parameters and AST, ALT, and LDH levels between the TPG and CG groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was determined between the TG and CG groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, cisplatin causes oxidative damage in liver tissue. TPP seems to have a preventive effect on oxidative stress in the liver caused by cisplatin.
Statistical analysis of galaxy surveys – IV. An objective way to quantify the impact of superstructures on galaxy clustering statistics

For galaxy clustering to provide robust constraints on cosmological parameters and galaxy formation models, it is essential to make reliable estimates of the errors on clustering measurements. We present a new technique, based on a spatial jackknife (JK) resampling, which provides an objective way to estimate errors on clustering statistics. Our approach allows us to set the appropriate size for the JK subsamples. The method also provides a means to assess the impact of individual regions on the measured clustering, and thereby to establish whether or not a given galaxy catalogue is dominated by one or several large structures, preventing it to be considered as a ‘fair sample’. We apply this methodology to the two- and three-point correlation functions measured from a volume-limited sample of M* galaxies drawn from Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The frequency of JK subsample outliers in the data is shown to be consistent with that seen in large N-body simulations of clustering in the cosmological constant plus cold dark matter cosmology. We also present a comparison of the three-point correlation function in SDSS and Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey using this approach and find consistent measurements between the two samples.
A probabilistic formulation for empirical population synthesis: sampling methods and tests

ABSTRA C T We revisit the classical problem of synthesizing spectral properties of a galaxy by using a base of star clusters, approaching it from a probabilistic perspective. The problem consists of estimating the population vector x, composed by the contributions of nQ different base elements to the integrated spectrum of a galaxy, and the extinction AV, given a set of absorption line equivalent widths and continuum colours. The formalism is applied to the base of 12 elements defined by Schmidt et al. as corresponding to the principal components of the original base employed by Bica, and subsequently used in several studies of the stellar populations of galaxies. The exploration of the 13D parameter space is carried out with a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme, based on the Metropolis algorithm. This produces a smoother and more efficient mapping of the P(x,AV) probability distribution than the traditionally employed uniform-grid sampling. This new version of empirical population synthesis is used to investigate the ability to recover the detailed history of star formation and chemical evolution using this spectral base. This is studied as a function of (i) the magnitude of the measurement errors and (ii) the set of observables used in the synthesis. Extensive simulations with test galaxies are used for this purpose. The emphasis is put on the comparison of input parameters and the mean x and AV associated with the P(x,AV) distribution. It is found that only for extremely low errors [signalto-noise ratioOS=NU . 300 at 5870 A ˚ ] all 12 base proportions can be accurately recovered, though the observables are recovered very precisely for any S/N. Furthermore, the individual
Voting After Violence: How Combat Experiences and Postwar Trauma Affect Veteran and Voter Party Choices in Croatia’s 2003 Postwar Elections

This article investigates the role of war experiences on voters and veterans’ party choices in postwar elections. The literature has looked at the relation between military experience and electoral behavior, and at the political consequences of war-related psychological distress, yet has never integrated the two. This article looks at the war experiences and specifically the development of war trauma on the likelihood of casting a vote for a nationalist party during a postwar election. Based on a 2003 survey of 1,000 Croatian voters, I find that veterans of Croatia’s war of independence are more likely to vote for nationalist parties. However, voters who showed signs of trauma were less likely to vote for these parties. In addition, veterans suffering from psychological trauma after the war were far less likely to vote for nationalist parties.
Thwarting Wi-Fi Side-Channel Analysis through Traffic Demultiplexing

Side-channel information leaks have been reported in various online applications, especially, in wireless local area networks (WLANs) due to the shared-medium nature of wireless links and the ease of eavesdropping. Even when Wi-Fi traffic is encrypted, its characteristics are identifiable, which can be used to infer sensitive user activities and data. Existing countermeasures do not offer effective and efficient protection: packet padding and traffic morphing often bring in substantial communication overheads; attempts to anonymize user identifiers are vulnerable to the analysis based upon traffic statistics. In this paper, we present a new technique, called traffic demultiplexing, which offers effective protection against Wi-Fi traffic analysis without incurring noticeable overhead and performance degradation. Our approach utilizes Media Access Control (MAC) layer virtualization and packet scheduling over multiple virtual MAC interfaces to shape the traffic on each virtual MAC interface, so as to hide the original traffic characteristics. Traffic demultiplexing operates at the MAC layer and is transparent to users and other protocol stacks. We implemented our technique over Multiband Atheros Driver for Wi-Fi (MadWifi) and evaluated it in real WLAN environments. Our experimental study demonstrates that traffic demultiplexing is effective and efficient in defending against traffic analysis attacks and easy to deploy.
An Exploration of Various Quality of Service Mechanisms in an OpenFlow and Software Defined Networking Environment in Terms of Latency Performance

Prevailing network technologies separate control and data planes embedded within networking devices. Problems with this are expensive maintenance of closed-technology network devices and the inability to enforce coherent network-wide policies. Software Defined Networks (SDN) solves these problems with logical centralization based on open standards that use existing networking equipment. Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms expose configurable parameters that guarantee network performance. These parameters include minimum and maximum rates, number of queues, queue priority, and burst size and are used to implement Class-Based Queuing (CBQ) scheduling that define classes and their scheduling priority. This study is a continuation of a previous effort that explored QoS mechanisms in an SDN environment with the same Class Profiles and Load Configuration[1]. That study focused on bandwidth performance of QoS mechanisms in an OpenFlow SDN environment and included protocol-based metrics. This study explored the latency performance of QoS mechanisms-based CBQ strategies in an OpenFlow implementation of SDN's Southbound Interface. Mininet was used for cost-effective and repeatable emulation of SDN networks. A network topology with a custom controller was deployed on Mininet. Using QoS configurations, CBQ scheduling was implemented for two main Class Profiles: (1) Basic CBQ based on the "Streaming", "Bursty", and "Catch-All" traffic types, and (2) Source CBQ based on Source IP Address groupings. Enforcement points differentiated each Class Profile at the Leaf Switches and at the Core Switch. These Class Profiles and a No CBQ Class Profile were tested for Latency with an averaged Ping scheme at a maximized Load Configuration. Experiment results were based on averaged Ping Round-Trip Times (RTT) measured from all clients to two servers. Results were subjected to Two-Sample T-Tests with Unequal Variance for statistical significance. The previous study[1] showed that CBQs at Leaves' distributed QoS enforcement had significant performance improvement over CBQs at the Core's traditional centralized enforcement with 2% higher bandwidth for Basic CBQ at Leaves and 30% higher bandwidth for Source CBQ at the Leaves. This study further showed that there was a slight but non-significant difference in Latency at 25.08% lower Average RTT for Basic CBQ at the Leaves and 14.41% lower Average RTT for Source CBQ at the Leaves. This indicated that improved bandwidth performance does not come at the price of Latency.
Silent Synapses in Developing Rat Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Have AMPA Receptors

NMDA-only synapses, called silent synapses, are thought to be the initial step in synapse formation in several systems. However, the underlying mechanism and the role in circuit construction are still a matter of dispute. Using combined morphological and electrophysiological approaches, we searched for silent synapses at the level of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a brainstem structure that is a gateway for many visceral sensory afferent fibers. Silent synapses were detected at birth by using electrophysiological recordings and minimal stimulation protocols. However, anatomical experiments indicated that nearly all, if not all, NTS synapses had AMPA receptors. Based on EPSC fluctuation measurements and differential blockade by low-affinity competitive and noncompetitive glutamate antagonists, we then demonstrated that NTS silent synapses were better explained by glutamate spillover from neighboring fibers and/or slow dynamic of fusion pore opening. Glutamate spillover at immature NTS synapses may favor crosstalk between active synapses during development when glutamate transporters are weakly expressed and contribute to synaptic processing as well as autonomic circuit formation.