Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The changing election coverage of German television. A content analysis: 1990–2002

Abstract The article reports considerable changes in the content and style of German election coverage between 1990 and 2002. The findings are based on a content analysis of the main evening news of the four major television channels, spanning four Bundestag elections. During the observation period, television has immensely expanded its coverage of the top candidates. While the presence of the candidates in the news increased, they were not able to get their issues across to the audience. The news discourse was narrowed down to election and campaigning as issues. Matters of campaigning style, the ‘game schema’, as well as election polls became increasingly salient. The number of sound bites grew, although the average sound bite length decreased slightly. The presentation of the candidates became more vivid and more colorful, and, thus, more attractive for the audience. On the other hand, there are no signs of increasing negativism. The observable trends in the scope and kind of presentation of candidates can be interpreted as increasing personalization and dramatization of media coverage. The changes partially fit into the pattern of convergence (i. e., a mutual assimilation of public and commercial channels). These developments are partly rooted in the change of the German television market. Other results can be explained by historical incidents such as the German unification in 1990, and by the candidate constellation during each election. In spite of some similarities with developments in the US, the authors argue that it would be misleading to label the observable changes of German election coverage as ‘Americanization’.
Quantitative determination of optical transmission through subwavelength slit arrays in Ag films: Role of surface wave interference and local coupling between adjacent slits

Measurement of the transmitted intensity from a coherent monomode light source through a series of subwavelength slit arrays in Ag films, with varying array pitch and number of slits, demonstrates enhancement (suppression) by factors of as much as 6 (9) when normalized to the transmission efficiency of an isolated slit. Pronounced minima in the transmitted intensity are observed at array pitches corresponding to lambdaSPP, 2lambdaSPP, and 3lambdaSPP, where lambdaSPP is the wavelength of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP). The position of these minima arises from destructive interference between incident propagating waves and pi-phase-shifted SPP waves. Increasing the number of slits to four or more does not increase appreciably the per-slit transmission intensity. A simple interference model fits well the measured transmitted intensity profile.
Statistical machine translation enhancements through linguistic levels: A survey

Machine translation can be considered a highly interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field because it is approached from the point of view of human translators, engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians, and linguists. One of the most popular approaches is the Statistical Machine Translation (smt) approach, which tries to cover translation in a holistic manner by learning from parallel corpus aligned at the sentence level. However, with this basic approach, there are some issues at each written linguistic level (i.e., orthographic, morphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic) that remain unsolved. Research in smt has continuously been focused on solving the different linguistic levels challenges. This article represents a survey of how the smt has been enhanced to perform translation correctly at all linguistic levels.
Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Egyptian Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus

Vitamin D and its active form are potent immune-modulators and are known to play an important role in the glucose/insulin metabolism. Studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have shown that vitamin D increases insulin efficacy; However, there are no studies that define a similar relationship in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Aim of the work: To evaluate serum vitamin D status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus with comparison to healthy subjects and to correlate its level with different clinical and laboratory parameters. Subjects and methods: This study included two groups; Group I: included 53 patients with T1D; 43 patients with poor glycemic control (group Ia ) and 10 patients with good glycemic control (group Ib). Another 15 apparently ealthy children and adolescent? s age and sex matched to the diseased group were taken as a control group and classified as group II. The studied groups were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including: fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %), serum calcium level and 25-hydroxyvitD level. A serum 25OHD level of < 10 ng/mL was accepted as vitamin D deficiency, whereas < 20 ng/ mL was accepted as vitamin D insufficiency. Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitD and serum calcium levels were significantly lower in T1D children than the control and in group Ia than group Ib. 25-hydroxyvitD had a significant strong positive correlation with serum calcium and significant strong negative correlations with fasting blood sugar and HbA1c %. Conclusion: T1D children had significantly lower serum 25- hydroxyl vit D and serum calcium levels than the control group. Vitamin D in diabetic persons is an important factor in glycemic control with subsequent prevention of further complications.
Not all dogs go to heaven, some go to Battersea: sharing suffering and the ‘Brown Dog affair’

This paper concerns the memorialisation of a dog's (after)life. It traces the story of the ‘Brown Dog’: a terrier allegedly vivisected in 1903 by English physiologist Sir William Bayliss and subsequently commemorated by two statues in Battersea, London. Each statue has been the locus for ethical encounters between human and animal, and I draw upon the work of Donna Haraway to explore them. The first, installed in 1906 in Battersea borough, enjoyed a prominent social existence at the centre of Edwardian anti-vivisectionism. The second, by contrast, erected seven decades later in 1985, was welcomed with minimal fanfare and now sits, an obscure curiosity, in a corner of Battersea Park. Both statues attempt to honour the non-human lives lost through the unequal and instrumental power relations of animal testing. Here, I see the statues as experimental means of ‘paying attention to’ the suffering inflicted through animal experimentation and vivisection, mobilising Haraway's concept of ‘shared suffering’. I also argue that their varied success demonstrates how both the nature of and responses to the animal suffering they embody are historically contingent. The paper follows recent trends in animal geography arguing that explorations of ‘discomforting encounters’ might offer better ways of relating with animals.
The Usefulness of the Most Widely Reported Dutch Financial Statement Numbers to Stock Market Investors

Much of the literature on the usefulness of company financial statement information focuses on the United States and the United Kingdom. But, these two countries are characterized by similar and rigid regulatory and enforcement regime. This study provides direct evidence from the Netherlands – a country with liberal financial reporting environment and different corporate governance regime. It empirically examines the information content of annual and semi-annual earnings announcements and the long-term association between stock returns and some widely reported financial statement variables. The evidence suggests that earnings and dividends disclosures made by Dutch companies are useful to stock market investors and the extent of the usefulness is not that modest as often perceived. However, the Dutch practice of reporting accounting cash flows as a summary performance measure does not have significant incremental usefulness.
Rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research

Abstract This article addresses issues relating to rigour within qualitative research, beginning with the need for rigour at all in such studies. The concept of reliability is then analysed, establishing the traditional understanding of the term, and evaluating alternative terms. A similar exploration of validity and proposed alternatives follows. It is suggested that there is nothing to be gained from the use of alternative terms which, on analysis, often prove to be identical to the traditional terms of reliability and validity. Alternative or novel means of addressing these concepts in interpretive research are, however, welcomed. A review of some of the strategies available for the pursuit of reliability and validity in qualitative research is undertaken. These are clearly identified as means to establish existing criteria and are found to have variable value.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Detection and Related Risk Factors Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in Mexico

Background: Significant differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence between pregnant and nonpregnant women have been reported. Some studies suggest that physiological processes during pregnancy modify the host–immune response, increasing detectability of high-risk HPV infection as a result of viral reactivation. It remains uncertain, however, whether pregnancy has an effect on HPV DNA positivity as a result of a general lack of data and based on contradictory results found in previous epidemiologic studies. We conducted an epidemiologic study to identify differences in the prevalence of HPV infection between pregnant and nonpregnant women in Mexico. We also investigated the relationship of HPV DNA positivity with socioeconomic, gynecologic, and obstetric risk factors. Methodology: We screened pregnant and age-matched nonpregnant women for high-risk HPV infection. The study population was clients of the family medicine healthcare services of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. A total of 274 pregnant and 1060 nonpregnant study participants were screened for the presence of high-risk HPV DNA in self-collected specimens by the Hybrid Capture 2 test (HC2; Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD). Results: High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 37.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31–43%) of pregnant women and in 14.2% (95% CI, 12–16%) of nonpregnant women. Combining both groups for the multivariate analysis, pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for HPV infection (odds ratio, 3.5; CI, 2.7–4.9). Conclusions: Our results are consistent with other studies reporting increased high-risk HPV detection rates among pregnant women. HPV-positive status in pregnant and nonpregnant women appears to be influenced by age. The decrease in HPV positivity by number of pregnancies in both currently pregnant and nonpregnant women is consistent with a possible effect of immune protection as a result of earlier HPV infections. Despite lack of information about a woman’s history of sexual behavior, these data support the hypothesis that an alteration of immunologic responses during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of HPV acquisition or reactivation.
Counting real Galois covers of the projective line

For Galois covers of P1 of a given rami? cation type ? essentially, a given monodromy group G and branch locus, assumed to be de? ned over R ? we ask: How many covers are de? ned over R and how many are not? J.-P. Serre showed that the number of all Galois covers with given rami? cation type can be computed from the character table of G. We adapt Serre? s method of calculation to the more re? ned situation of Galois covers de? ned over R, for which there is a group-theoretic characterization due to P. D? s and M. Fried. We obtain explicit answers to our problem. As an application, we exhibit new families of covers not de? ned over their ? eld of moduli, the monodromy group of which can be chosen arbitrarily large. We also give examples of Galois covers de? ned over the ? eld Qtr of totally real algebraic numbers with Q-rational branch locus.
Tetrahydrobiopterin and Cardiovascular Disease

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, which are essential in the formation of neurotransmitters, and for nitric oxide synthase. It is presently used clinically to treat some forms of phenylketonuria (PKU) that can be ameliorated by BH4 supplementation. Recent evidence supports potential cardiovascular benefits from BH4 replacement for the treatment of hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiac hypertrophy with chamber remodeling. Such disorders exhibit BH4 depletion because of its oxidation and/or reduced synthesis, which can result in functional uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Uncoupled NOS generates more oxygen free radicals and less nitric oxide, shifting the nitroso–redox balance and having adverse consequences on the cardiovascular system. While previously difficult to use as a treatment because of chemical instability and cost, newer methods to synthesize stable BH4 suggest its novel potential as a therapeutic agent. This review discusses the biochemistry, physiology, and evolving therapeutic potential of BH4 for cardiovascular disease.
Mixed embeddedness: Does it really explain immigrant enterprise in Western Australia (WA)?

Kloosterman, van der Leun and Rath assert they conceptualised the “mixed embeddedness” hypothesis to overcome the shortcomings characteristic of earlier theoretical models of immigrant business enterprise. This article assesses the relevance of this theoretical perspective to explaining immigrant entrepreneurship in a specific host setting with reference to research that spans a number of economic periods and includes both genders and a number of generations. It is argued that, while the “mixed embeddedness” explanation gives a more comprehensive explanation than previous models, it nonetheless fails to explain the wide‐ranging inter‐ethnic variation in entrepreneurial concentration observed among immigrant groups around the world. It contends that the reasons for this are the model’s lack of historical perspective and focus on the lower end of the market. It also demonstrates how the study of immigrant enterprise is advanced by incorporating the agency of individuals into the explanatory process.
A 4R/2W Register File Design for UDVS Microprocessors in 65-nm CMOS

This brief presents a 4R/2W register file design for two-issue microprocessors with ultra-wide dynamic voltage scaling. A full-N separated read port has been proposed to save ~ 19% area and to improve 4.5 ~ 10.4 % performance of state-of-the-art 1P3N designs for subthreshold operations. In addition, a reconfigurable write scheme has been proposed to utilize the unused write port in the energy-efficient mode with single-issue execution for ~ 18% write noise margin improvement. A test chip has been designed and fabricated using the TSMC 65-nm GP process, of which a minimum operating voltage of 148 mV has been measured.
Fluid elasticity increases the locomotion of flexible swimmers

We conduct experiments with flexible swimmers to address the impact of fluid viscoelasticity on their locomotion. The swimmers are composed of a magnetic head actuated in rotation by a frequency-controlled magnetic field and a flexible tail whose deformation leads to forward propulsion. We consider both viscous Newtonian and glucose-based Boger fluids with similar viscosities. We find that the elasticity of the fluid systematically enhances the locomotion speed of the swimmer and that this enhancement increases with Deborah number. Using particle image velocimetry to visualize the flow field, we find a significant difference in the amount of shear between the rear and leading parts of the swimmer head. We conjecture that viscoelastic normal stresses lead to a net elastic forces in the swimming direction and thus a faster swimming speed.
What accounts for the underachievement of South Asians in Hong Kong? The voices of Pakistani and Nepalese parents

Background: The research literature linking children's educational outcomes with levels of parental involvement has in many instances resulted in the location of disadvantage being placed on lack of parental involvement, something that has been the case with South Asian parents in Hong Kong (Au, K., Multicultural issues and literacy achievement, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association, 2006; Jeynes, W.H., A meta-analysis – The effects of parental involvement on minority children's academic achievement, Education and Urban Society 35: 202–218, 2003; Hau, K.T., Tracking the adaptation and development of non-Chinese speaking children (NCS) in mainstream schools, Retrieved from http://www.edb. gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_7065/exe_summary%20eng.pdf, 2008; Tsung, L. , Zhang, Q. , and Cruickshank, K. , Access to majority language and educational outcomes: South Asian background students in postcolonial Hong Kong, Diaspora, Indigenous and Minority Education 4, 1–16, 2010). Purpose: This small-scale research study examines the educational involvement of Pakistani and Nepalese parents, and explores the difficulties and challenges South Asians face to succeed in school. Design and methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 South Asian parents (five Nepalese parents and five Pakistani parents). Interviews were semi-structured and consisted of open-ended questions about parents’ educational aspirations, ability in tutoring children with homework, and arrangement of home-learning activities. Transcribed interviews were subjected to content and thematic analysis. Results and discussion: The findings indicate that South Asian parents, despite high aspirations for the education of their children, feel that they lack the linguistic and cultural capital valued by the mainstream society in Hong Kong. This prevents effective involvement in the education of the children. Conclusion: Understanding the perspectives of the parents offers insights into ways in which access to educational outcomes can be denied in school contexts. It is suggested that there needs to be a greater focus on how inclusion/exclusion operates in school contexts in Hong Kong.
Concept mapping in the humanities to facilitate reflection: Externalizing the relationship between public and personal learning

This article discusses how mapping techniques were used in university teaching in a humanities subject. The use of concept mapping was expanded as a pedagogical tool, with a focus on reflective learning processes. Data were collected through a longitudinal study of concept mapping in a university-level Classics course. This was used to explore how mapping can be applied in the discursive context of the humanities in relation to teaching, learning and assessment. A theory was developed of how to facilitate the externalization of the relationship between public and personal reflection through combining social and psychological aspects of learning. The article concludes with suggestions for how this can be applied as a learning and assessment tool to assist the writing and reflection process in the humanities. This situates broader developments in educational theory and research in the unique character of learning and teaching in Classics.
DeepVel: deep learning for the estimation of horizontal velocities at the solar surface

Many phenomena taking place in the solar photosphere are controlled by plasma motions. Although the line-of-sight component of the velocity can be estimated using the Doppler effect, we do not have direct spectroscopic access to the components that are perpendicular to the line-of-sight. These components are typically estimated using methods based on local correlation tracking. We have designed DeepVel, an end-to-end deep neural network that produces an estimation of the velocity at every single pixel and at every time step and at three different heights in the atmosphere from just two consecutive continuum images. We confront DeepVel with local correlation tracking, pointing out that they give very similar results in the time- and spatially-averaged cases. We use the network to study the evolution in height of the horizontal velocity field in fragmenting granules, supporting the buoyancy-braking mechanism for the formation of integranular lanes in these granules. We also show that DeepVel can capture very small vortices, so that we can potentially expand the scaling cascade of vortices to very small sizes and durations.
Street-Specific Handover Optimization for Vehicular Terminals in Future Cellular Networks

Modern vehicles will have strong requirements with regard to seamless mobility support in future cellular systems, in order to enable advanced cooperative driver assistance and infotainment systems that guarantee traffic safety and efficiency. In this work, we introduce street-specific handover parameters for vehicular terminals. In particular, we propose an adaptive optimization algorithm that exploits vehicle context information in order to tune the handover parameters. Simulation results confirm that the proposed concept has the potential to improve handover performance significantly.
Toward an Understanding of the Relationships Among Deceptive Affection, Deceptive Beliefs, and Relational Qualities

Feeling affection is a key component of romantic relationships, and affectionate communication is associated with a myriad of positive relational benefits. Yet, not all expressions of affection are authentic, and little is known about what factors help explain frequency of partners' deceptive affectionate messages (DAMs). The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the relationships among frequency of DAMs and individuals’ beliefs about deception, relational qualities, and general partner deception. Results indicated no relationship exists between the frequency of DAMs and sources’ beliefs about deception; further, no significant relationships were obtained among commitment, satisfaction, and DAM frequency. However, negative relationships were found between general partner deception and all 4 of the beliefs about deception. Likewise, general deception was negatively related to commitment and satisfaction. Implications for sources’ potential differing views regarding deception and deceptive affection are discussed.
Adenovirus vector expressing keratinocyte growth factor using CAG promoter impairs pulmonary function of mice with elastase‐induced emphysema

Pulmonary emphysema impairs quality of life and increases mortality. It has previously been shown that administration of adenovirus vector expressing murine keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) before elastase instillation prevents pulmonary emphysema in mice. We therefore hypothesized that therapeutic administration of KGF would restore damage to lungs caused by elastase instillation and thus improve pulmonary function in an animal model. KGF expressing adenovirus vector, which prevented bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in a previous study, was constructed. Adenovirus vector (1.0 × 109 plaque‐forming units) was administered intratracheally one week after administration of elastase into mouse lungs. One week after administration of KGF–vector, exercise tolerance testing and blood gas analysis were performed, after which the lungs were removed under deep anesthesia. KGF‐positive pneumocytes were more numerous, surfactant protein secretion in the airspace greater and mean linear intercept of lungs shorter in animals that had received KGF than in control animals. Unexpectedly, however, arterial blood oxygenation was worse in the KGF group and maximum running speed, an indicator of exercise capacity, had not improved after KGF in mice with elastase‐induced emphysema, indicating that KGF‐expressing adenovirus vector impaired pulmonary function in these mice. Notably, vector lacking KGF‐expression unit did not induce such impairment, implying that the KGF expression unit itself may cause the damage to alveolar cells. Possible involvement of the CAG promoter used for KGF expression in impairing pulmonary function is discussed.