Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No pain, no gain: depressed clients' experiences of cognitive behavioural therapy.

OBJECTIVES Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, but many clients do not complete therapy. What clients find difficult about CBT is poorly understood. This study explored clients' views and experiences of face-to-face CBT. DESIGN A mixed methods design was used to collect data as part of the CoBalT trial. METHOD Participants randomized to CBT indicated their reasons for never starting or stopping therapy on the follow-up questionnaires. In-depth qualitative interviews took place with a purposive sample (n = 26) of those randomized to CBT. Framework analysis was used to analyse across the data. RESULTS Seventy-four participants withdrew from therapy or were discharged for non-adherence. A total of 54 (73%) gave reasons for not starting or stopping CBT; mostly the time/location was inconvenient or they had other commitments. Interviews identified that clients could struggle in, and between, CBT sessions. This was true for those who did and did not complete therapy. CBT homework was the biggest challenge and was often associated with negative school homework experiences. Although clients may have disliked aspects of CBT, those who attended more than one session felt that they had gained insight into managing their depression. CONCLUSION Highlighting the possible barriers to adherence in CBT can help clinicians to better prepare clients in making an informed choice about therapy. Exploring these issues during therapy may also help with engagement. Despite the challenges, clients can still benefit from CBT by learning strategies that enable them to effectively deal with their depression.
Gene expression profiling in polycythaemia vera: overexpression of transcription factor NF‐E2

The molecular aetiology of polycythaemia vera (PV) remains unknown and the differential diagnosis between PV and secondary erythrocytosis (SE) can be challenging. Gene expression profiling can identify candidates involved in the pathophysiology of PV and generate a molecular signature to aid in diagnosis. We thus performed cDNA microarray analysis on 40 PV and 12 SE patients. Two independent data sets were obtained: using a two‐step training/validation design, a set of 64 genes (class predictors) was determined, which correctly discriminated PV from SE patients. Separately 253 genes were identified to be upregulated and 391 downregulated more than 1·5‐fold in PV compared with healthy controls (P < 0·01). Of the genes overexpressed in PV, 27 contained Sp1 sites: we therefore propose that altered activity of Sp1‐like transcription factors may contribute to the molecular aetiology of PV. One Sp1 target, the transcription factor NF‐E2 [nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)], is overexpressed 2‐ to 40‐fold in PV patients. In PV bone marrow, NF‐E2 is overexpressed in megakaryocytes, erythroid and granulocytic precursors. It has been shown that overexpression of NF‐E2 leads to the development of erythropoietin‐independent erythroid colonies and that ectopic NF‐E2 expression can reprogram monocytic cells towards erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Transcription factor concentration may thus control lineage commitment. We therefore propose that elevated concentrations of NF‐E2 in PV patients lead to an overproduction of erythroid and, in some patients, megakaryocytic cells/platelets. In this model, the level of NF‐E2 overexpression determines both the severity of erythrocytosis and the concurrent presence or absence of thrombocytosis.
Anastral meiotic spindle morphogenesis: role of the non-claret disjunctional kinesin-like protein

We have used time-lapse laser scanning confocal microscopy to directly examine microtubule reorganization during meiotic spindle assembly in living Drosophila oocytes. These studies indicate that the bipolarity of the meiosis I spindle is not the result of a duplication and separation of centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Instead, microtubules first associate with a tight chromatin mass, and then bundle to form a bipolar spindle that lacks asters. Analysis of mutant oocytes indicates that the Non-Claret Disjunctional (NCD) kinesin-like protein is required for normal spindle assembly kinetics and stabilization of the spindle during metaphase arrest. Immunolocalization analyses demonstrate that NCD is associated with spindle microtubules, and that the centrosomal components gamma- tubulin, CP-190, and CP-60 are not concentrated at the meiotic spindle poles. Based on these observations, we propose that microtubule bundling by the NCD kinesin-like protein promotes assembly of a stable bipolar spindle in the absence of typical MTOCs.
The Dynascope Directing Server: Design and Implementation

As computer systems are becoming increasingly complex, directing tools are gaining in importance. Directing denotes two classes of activi- ties, monitoring and controlling. Monitoring is used for collecting information about the program behav- ior. Controlling is used to modify the program state in order to change the program's future behavior. Some characteristic directing tools are debuggers and perfor- mance monitors. Dynascope is a directing platform, which pro- vides basic monitoring and controlling primitives. These primitives are used in building advanced di- recting applications for networked and heterogeneous environments. Dynascope is integrated with existing programming tools and uses only generic operating system and networking primitives. This paper describes the design and implementation of the directing server, the central component of Dynascope. Dynascope is being used in several applications, including relative debugging, steering agents, and simulator testing.
Developmental origins of chronic physical aggression: An international perspective on using singletons, twins and epigenetics

This article takes an international and historical perspective to discuss the present state of knowledge on the developmental origins of physical aggression and its implications for the prevention of chronic physical aggression. An increasing number of longitudinal studies of singleton and twins initiated at birth or during the first few years of life are showing that physical aggressions are more frequent in early childhood than at any other time during the life-span. Because chronic physical aggression generally starts in early childhood, preventive interventions during this period are much more likely to be effective and substantially decrease the costs of criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. Unfortunately, most criminological studies on physical aggression development and prevention target the adolescent and adulthood periods and do not take into account gene–environment contributions. Early childhood studies are needed to identify early bio-psycho-social mechanisms that put individuals on a chronic trajectory of physical aggression from early childhood to adulthood. These studies can also help identify the preventive interventions that are most effective in preventing a life-course of crime and misery. Developmental criminology needs to take a bio-psycho-social intergenerational and life-span perspective as well as focus more systematically on females as the key target for intergenerational prevention of chronic physical aggression.
Identification and Prevalence of Allergic, Nonallergic, and Local Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Western Area, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of skin prick test (SPT) and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies level in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the role of nasal provocation test (NPT) for the determination of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in patients with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Methodology: This multi-center study included 1230 patients with clinical manifestations for ≥2 years. Patients were classified according to the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and scored according to the quantitative Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR). The SPT and total IgE antibody levels were done for all patients. Patients gave negative SPT underwent NPT, and its result was interpreted using Lebel Symptom Score Scale. Results: The SPT was positive in 77.8% of patients, mostly for grass pollen and dust mites. All patients were sensitive to multiple allergens. Median serum IgE antibody level for total study population was 162 IU/ml. Forty-two patients (3.4%) with negative SPT showed a weak response to NPT, while 231 patients (18.7%) with negative SPT had a high response to NPT and were considered to have LAR. Conclusion: The SPT could discriminate between AR and NAR patients. The NPT could identify LAR in 84.6% of patients with rhinitis among those considered as NAR.
Demographic Characteristics of Participants in Studies of Risk Factors, Prevention, and Treatment of Postpartum Depression

Objectives: Metaanalyses have found that sociodemographic variables are not strong predictors of postpartum depression. However, no studies have systematically examined the extent to which the samples used in published research on postpartum depression have included sufficiently diverse samples of women to merit this conclusion. The objectives of this study were to examine the demographic characteristics of participants in previously published studies and to document existing gaps in the current literature. Method: We extracted age, ethnicity, relationship status, and socioeconomic status of 51 453 participants from 143 studies previously selected for systematic literature reviews. Results: Few studies reported complete demographic data; however, existing data indicate that participants were predominantly aged 25 to 35 years, white, partnered, and of mid- or high-socioeconomic status. Conclusions: To assess the external validity of the findings, improved reporting of demographic characteristics is required in publications related to postpartum depression. Additional research is needed to understand postpartum depression among understudied populations. Objectifs: Les méta-analyses ont révélé que les variables sociodémographiques ne sont pas des prédicteurs fiables de la dépression postpartum. Cependant, aucune étude n'a examiné systématiquement la mesure dans laquelle les échantillons utilisés dans les études publiées de la dépression postpartum incluaient des échantillons suffisamment diversifiés de femmes pour arriver à cette conclusion. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient d'examiner les caractéristiques démographiques des participantes à des études déjà publiées et à documenter les écarts existant dans la documentation actuelle. Méthode: Nous avons extrait l'âge, l'origine ethnique, l'état relationnel et le statut socio-économique de 51 453 participantes à 143 études préalablement sélectionnées pour des revues systématiques de la documentation. Résultats: Peu d'études ont présenté des données démographiques complètes; cependant, les données existantes indiquent que les participantes étaient majoritairement âgées de 25 à 35 ans, blanches, en couple, et de statut socio-économique moyen à élevé. Conclusions: Une meilleure présentation des caractéristiques démographiques est nécessaire dans les publications liées à la dépression postpartum pour évaluer la validité externe des résultats. Il faut plus de recherche pour comprendre la dépression postpartum chez les populations sous-étudiées.
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei of the dorsal midline thalamus in the rat

The paraventricular (PV) and paratenial (PT) nuclei are prominent cell groups of the midline thalamus. To our knowledge, only a single early report has examined PV projections and no previous study has comprehensively analyzed PT projections. By using the anterograde anatomical tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, and the retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, we examined the efferent projections of PV and PT. We showed that the output of PV is virtually directed to a discrete set of limbic forebrain structures, including ‘limbic’ regions of the cortex. These include the infralimbic, prelimbic, dorsal agranular insular, and entorhinal cortices, the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus, dorsal tenia tecta, claustrum, lateral septum, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens (core and shell), olfactory tubercle, bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), medial, central, cortical, and basal nuclei of amygdala, and the suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The posterior PV distributes more heavily than the anterior PV to the dorsal striatum and to the central and basal nuclei of amygdala. PT projections significantly overlap with those of PV, with some important differences. PT distributes less heavily than PV to BST and to the amygdala, but much more densely to the medial prefrontal and entorhinal cortices and to the ventral subiculum of hippocampus. As described herein, PV/PT receive a vast array of afferents from the brainstem, hypothalamus, and limbic forebrain, related to arousal and attentive states of the animal, and would appear to channel that information to structures of the limbic forebrain in the selection of appropriate responses to changing environmental conditions. Depending on the specific complement of emotionally associated information reaching PV/PT at any one time, PV/PT would appear positioned, by actions on the limbic forebrain, to direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:212–237, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
spoIVH (ykvV), a Requisite Cortex Formation Gene, Is Expressed in Both Sporulating Compartments of Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT It is well known that the ykvU-ykvV operon is under the regulation of the σE-associated RNA polymerase (EσE). In our study, we observed that ykvV is transcribed together with the upstream ykvU gene by EσE in the mother cell and monocistronically under EσG control in the forespore. Interestingly, alternatively expressed ykvV in either the forespore or the mother cell increased the sporulation efficiency in the ykvV background. Studies show that the YkvV protein is a member of the thioredoxin superfamily and also contains a putative Sec-type secretion signal at the N terminus. We observed efficient sporulation in a mutant strain obtained by replacing the putative signal peptide of YkvV with the secretion signal sequence of SleB, indicating that the putative signal sequence is essential for spore formation. These results suggest that YkvV is capable of being transported by the putative Sec-type signal sequence into the space between the double membranes surrounding the forespore. The ability of ykvV expression in either compartment to complement is indeed intriguing and further introduces a new dimension to the genetics of B. subtilis spore formation. Furthermore, electron microscopic observation revealed a defective cortex in the ykvV disruptant. In addition, the expression levels of σK-directed genes significantly decreased despite normal σG activity in the ykvV mutant. However, immunoblotting with the anti-σK antibody showed that pro-σK was normally processed in the ykvV mutant, indicating that YkvV plays an important role in cortex formation, consistent with recent reports. We therefore propose that ykvV should be renamed spoIVH.
Evidence of Demand Factors in the Determination of the Labor Market Intermittency Penalty

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether any empirical evidence exists for the contribution of employer, or demand-side, determinants of the labor market intermittency penalty. The documented negative relationship between the size of the penalty and labor market strength is interpreted as evidence that labor market intermittency is viewed as an undesirable characteristic that employers penalize more severely when the labor market is weak.
Experimental Investigation of Drilling Fluid Performance as Nanoparticles

In this work, a drilling fluid recipe has been developed by using nanoparticles, to increase the efficiency of drilling operations for maximum accessibility to new & matured oil reserves and suited to various drilling conditions. The solution to severe drilling problems like pipe sticking, lost circulation, formation damage, erosion of borehole, thermal instability of drilling fluids and insufficient gel properties of the drilling fluids, lies in controlling and optimizing the rheology of the drilling fluid. The inefficiency of the drilling fluid in performing certain functions is mainly due to a lack in a particular rheological property. The performance of the clay composites water-based bentonite drilling mud in terms of its rheological behavior in drilling systems was investigated at various pressures and temperatures. It was found that temperature had a detrimental effect on the rheological properties. The behavior was investigated using synthesized nano bentonite water based drilling fluid. The fluid retained all the desired rheological properties at elevated temperatures and pressures, thus enhanced the possibility of its application in deep wells, where elevated temperatures and pressures were quite common.
Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Burn Patients

ABSTRACT Severe inflammation leads to cardiac diastolic dysfunction, an independent prognostic marker for the mortality of critically ill patients. We investigated the possible molecular mechanism from inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor &agr; [TNF-&agr;] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) causing left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in critically burned patients. We consecutively enrolled 56 critically burned patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and performed transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate LV diastolic function. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) gene expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes was used as a molecular phenotype of diastolic heart failure. Soluble plasma levels of TNF-&agr; and IL-6 were measured in all subjects. The effect of serum from the burned patients on SERCA2 gene expression of HL-1 cardiomyocytes was investigated. The total body surface area of burned patients was proportional to serum level of IL-6 and TNF-&agr; (P < 0.001 for each). Significant correlations were found for TNF-&agr; and decelerating time, E/A, and E/Em (r2 = 0.59, 0.45, and 0.52; P <0.001 for each) and for IL-6 and decelerating time, E/A, and E/Em (r2 = 0.63, 0.60, and 0.62; P < 0.001 for each). Diastolic function improved significantly in association with decrease in cytokines after burned patients were transferred to general ward (P < 0.001). Tumor necrosis factor &agr;, IL-6, and sera from critically burned patients downregulated the expression of the SERCA2 gene in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. There was a significant correlation between LV diastolic dysfunction and in-hospital mortality in critically burned patients (hazard ratio, 3.92; P = 0.034) after risk factors were adjusted. Inflammatory cytokines may be associated with cardiac diastolic, which could be an independent prognostic factor in burn patients. Novel therapeutic strategies may be applied in critically burned patients with LV diastolic dysfunction by modulating inflammatory reactions.
Surgery and Caregiving: Loneliness of the Patients and Those Who Care for Them

This research, conducted on patients and caregivers, examined the qualitative aspects of their loneliness. Patients were divided into those who were approached before they had surgery, and those post operatively. We collected information about their tumors, which were either benign or malignant. The patients’ loneliness was compared to their caregivers who were either intimate partners or “others”, i.e. family members and friends. The loneliness questionnaire, has already been extensively utilized in previous studies, and was used to explore the various aspects of loneliness of those groups. Significant differences in subscale scores were found in patients pre and post surgery, with those who have already had surgery scoring higher. Additionally, those who were cared for by a partner scored lower on the loneliness subscales than those attended to by “other”. Interestingly, the only significant difference in the caregiver group was between men and women, in line with the socialization process of the genders, which makes women more open and vocal about their feelings and needs.
UNSUPERVISED TRANSFORMATION OF PROCEDURAL PROGRAMS TO OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN

Object-oriented programming has many advantages over conventional procedural programming languages for constructing highly ﬂexible, adaptable, and extensible systems. Therefore a transformation of procedural programs to object-oriented architectures becomes an important process to enhance the reuse of procedural programs. Moreover, it would be useful to assist by automatic methods the software developers in transforming procedural code into an equivalent object-oriented one. In this paper we aim at introducing an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm that can be used for assisting software developers in the process of transforming procedural code into an object-oriented architecture. We also provide a code example showing how our approach works, emphasizing, this way, the potential of our proposal.
Zinc Status of Iranian Preschool Children

Background Zinc deficiency is one of the most preva- lent micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries, including Iran. The main direct causes of zinc deficiency are insufficient zinc intake, absorption or metabolic disorder, and increase in need during acute growth periods. Objective To determine the prevalence of zinc defi- ciency in preschool boys and girls in urban and rural populations in order to assist policy makers. Children of preschool age (i. e., 6 years old in Iran) were studied because interventions in this age group are believed to result in greater improvement in learning skills once these children enter school. Methods A national cross-sectional study was carried out on 4,374 randomly selected healthy preschool children from Iranian families in 2001. Serum zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The cutoff point for zinc deficiency was set at a serum level of 10 μmol/L (65 μg/dL). Results The prevalence of zinc deficiency was esti- mated at approximately 19.3%. The highest preva- lence was seen in the region that includes Sistan and Baluchistan, South Khorasan, and the southeast area of Kerman and the lowest in the region of Boushehr, Hor- mozgan, and South Khoozestan. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. No significant difference in prevalence was seen between boys and girls. Conclusions In the long run, nutritional security and increased access to and intake of foods with high levels of zinc are the most sustainable strategies to overcome zinc deficiency. Fortification of staple foods, improved qual- ity of traditional bread, and supplementation for at-risk population groups are considered short- and mid-term nterventions. Nutrition education and behavioral change may be long-term strategies.