Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: A comparison between supervisors and line-level employees

Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of employee positions (supervisor vs line-level employee) on work-related variables (e.g. work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from line-level employees and supervisors of 29 mid- to up-scale hotels. A series of one-way ANCOVA were performed to test the position differences in work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating role of employees’ positions on the relationships between those variables. Findings Supervisors have significantly higher work engagement and lower turnover intentions than line-level employees, whereas job satisfaction does not differ across positions. Employee positions significantly moderate the relationship between absorption and job satisfaction, and the relationship between dedication and turnover intentions. Practical implications This study provides an in-depth analysis for hotel managers to capture work-related factors (i.e. work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions) across employee positions. Dedication is the primary barometer that significantly leads to job satisfaction and reduced turnover intentions compared to vigor and absorption. Although job satisfaction may be boosted by improving employee work engagement (i.e. vigor, dedication and absorption), increasing absorption is not an effective solution to increase supervisors’ job satisfaction. Hotel managers need to carefully monitor supervisors’ levels of dedication, given its focal impact on turnover intentions. Originality/value This study is one of the first attempts to examine the differences between line-level employees’ and supervisors’ work engagement (i.e. vigor, dedication and absorption) and its consequences (i.e. job satisfaction and turnover intentions). Findings highlight the unique influence of the individual dimension of work engagement on job satisfaction and turnover intentions. This study reveals the moderating effect of employee positions on the links between engagement dimensions and consequences.
Impact of deprivation on occurrence, outcomes and health care costs of people with multiple morbidity

Objective This study aimed to estimate the impact of deprivation on the occurrence, health outcomes and health care costs of people with multiple morbidity in England. Methods Cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, using deprivation quintile (IMD2010) at individual postcode level. Incidence and mortality from diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke and colorectal cancer, and prevalence of depression, were used to define multidisease states. Costs of health care use were estimated for each state from a two-part model. Results Data were analysed for 141,535 men and 141,352 women aged ≥30 years, with 33,862 disease incidence events, and 13,933 deaths. Among incidences of single conditions, 22% were in the most deprived quintile and 19% in the least deprived; dual conditions, most deprived 26%, least deprived 16% and triple conditions, most deprived 29%, least deprived 14%. Deaths in participants without disease were distributed most deprived 22%, least deprived 19%; in participants with single conditions, most deprived 24%, least deprived 18%; dual conditions, most deprived 27%, least deprived 15%, and triple conditions, most deprived 33%, least deprived 17%. The relative rate of depression in most deprived participants with triple conditions, compared with least deprived and no disease, was 2.48 (1.74 to 3.54). Costs of health care use were associated with increasing deprivation and level of morbidity. Conclusions The higher incidence of disease, associated with deprivation, channels deprived populations into categories of multiple morbidity with a greater prevalence of depression, higher mortality and higher costs. This has implications for the way that resources are allocated in England’s National Health Service.
Eosinophil infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa in patients with pollen allergy during the season

Background The oesophagus is normally devoid of eosinophils. There are some disorders accompanying with eosinophil infiltration. Food allergy has been reported as a common reason, especially in children but some other studies have also indicated that aeroallergens might have a role in oesophageal eosinophil accumulation.
Forecasting Inflation and the Inflation Risk Premiums Using Nominal Yields

We provide a decomposition of nominal yields into real yields, expectations of future inflation and inflation risk premiums when real bonds or inflation swaps are unavailable or unreliable due to their relative illiquidity. We combine nominal yields with surveys of inflation forecasts within a no-arbitrage model where conditional expectations are latent but spanned by the history of the observed data, analog to a GARCH model for the conditional variance. The filtering problem is numerically trivial and we conduct a battery of out-of-sample comparisons. Our favored model matches the quarterly inflation forecasts from surveys and uses the information in yields to produce the best monthly forecasts. Moreover, we restrict the distribution of the inflation Sharpe ratios to achieve economically reasonable estimates of the inflation risk premium and of the real rates. We find that the inflation risk premium (i) is positive on average, (ii) rises when the unemployment rate increases and (iii) when the level of interest rates decreases. Hence, real yields are more pro-cyclical than nominal yields due to variations of the inflation risk premiums.
Rothamsted Repository Download

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has emerged as a powerful reverse genetic technology in plants sup- plementary to stable transgenic RNAi and, in certain species, as a viable alternative approach for gene functional analysis. The RNA virus Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) was developed as a VIGS vector in the early 2000s and since then it has been used to study the function of wheat genes. Several variants of BSMV vectors are available, with some requiring in vitro transcription of infectious viral RNA, while others rely on in planta production of viral RNA from DNA-based vectors delivered to plant cells either by particle bombardment or Agrobacterium tumefaciens . We adapted the latest generation of binary BSMV VIGS vectors for the identiﬁcation and study of wheat genes of interest involved in interactions with Zymoseptoria tritici and here present detailed and the most up-to-date protocols.
Opioid Analgesia at Peripheral Sites: A Target for Opioids Released during Stress and Inflammation?

The peripheral analgesic effects of opiates were evaluated in a rat model of inflammation. The experimental design excluded a potential central nervous system site of action for the observed analgesia. After the injection of carrageenan (CARRA) in the plantar surface of both hind paws, an opiate was injected into one paw and saline was injected into the other paw. The inflamed paws injected with the μ-agonist, fentanyl (0.3 μg) or the k-agonist, ethylketocyclazocine (10 μg) were significantly less hyperalgesic (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) than were the contralateral inflamed paws injected with saline. At these doses, fentanyl and ethylketocyclazocine were devoid of systemic effects. Another μ-agonist, levorphanol (20, 40, 80, or 160 μg) and dextrorphan (160 μg), its dextrorotatory isomer, were used next to evaluate opioid specificity. Levorphanol produced a dose-related blockade of CARRA-induced hyperalgesia (P < 0.005). In contrast, 160 μg of dextrorphan was inactive. These results demonstrate that local administration of opiates into an inflamed paw produces a dose-related, stereospecific analgesia restricted to the injected area.
Breast Cancer Biomarker Changes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Single Institution Experience and Literature Review

Chemotherapy and hormonal treatment decisions for breast cancer are influenced by the expression of tumor biomarkers, including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth hormone receptor 2 (HER2/neu). These biomarkers are most commonly assessed by immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies performed on breast cancer biopsy specimens. Biomarker studies performed on excisional specimens may be discordant with those performed on core needle biopsy, especially after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We evaluated 195 cases at our institution from 2002 to 2015 to determine the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the expression of the aforementioned biomarkers and Ki-67. Forty-nine (25.1%) cases showed complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twelve cases (8.6%) showed a change in estrogen receptor status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-four cases (17.1%) showed a change in progesterone receptor status, predominantly from positive to negative (p = 0.0002). HER2/neu expression was evaluated by both immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization, where two (1.5%) (p = 1.000) and eight (8.2%) (p = 0.4795) cases changed expression status, excluding equivocal cases, respectively. Ki-67 was also evaluated, with 49 cases (48%) (p <0.0001) showing altered proliferation indices after neoadjuvant therapy. The differences were statistically significant for progesterone receptor and Ki-67. Overall survival was also evaluated, and showed statistically significant differences between groups that changed progesterone receptor status after neoadjuvant therapy. Given the therapeutic implications of altered biomarker status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we recommend repeating biomarker studies on resection specimens to most appropriately guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions.
Sciatic Tension Signs and Lumbar Disc Herniation

Study Design Sciatic stretch maneuvers designed to elicit signs of nerve root compressions secondary to lumbar disc hermiation were evaluated in a prospective manner to correlate intraoperative evaluation of surgical pathology regarding level and anatomic location and proximity of the herniated disc to the nerve root. Objectives To study the correlation between specific diagnostic maneuvers of aciatic stretch and anstomic location or level of lumbar disc pathology. Summary of Background Data Maneuvers of sciatic tension, such as the straight leg lift, the well leg lift, lasegue's sign, and the bowstring sign, have been used since the 1880s as a diagnostic maneuver to separate sciatica from hip pain. Methods Fifty consecutive candidates with clinical and radiographic evidence of disc herniation were examined. Initial physical examination included evaluation of sciatic tension signs using the straight leg lift, cross leg lift. Lasegue's sign, and the bowstring sign. The presence of lumbar disc herniation was confirmed radiographically. Intraoperatively, the 50 patients were assessed for anatomic location of disc herniation and the presence of disc protrusion or extrusion. Results The straight leg lift was the most sensitive preoperative physical diagnostic sign for correlating intraoperative pathology of lumbar disc herniation. Conclusions Physical diagnostic maneuvers for evaluating sciatic tension in patients with documented lumbar disc herniation have a high correlation with surgical pathology. These diagnostic signs of sciatic stretch can be reliable guides that lead to more aggressive modes of evaluation. No correlation was found between specific sciatic stretch maneuvers regarding location of disc herniation relative to the nerve root.
From the SelectedWorks of Marcel Adam Just 2006 Sentence comprehension in autism : Thinking in pictures with decreased functional connectivity

Comprehending high-imagery sentences like The number eight when rotated 90 degrees looks like a pair of eyeglasses involves the participation and integration of several cortical regions. The linguistic content must be processed to determine what is to be mentally imaged, and then the mental image must be evaluated and related to the sentence. A theory of cortical underconnectivity in autism predicts that the interregional collaboration required between linguistic and imaginal processing in this task would be underserved in autism. This functional MRI study examined brain activation in 12 participants with autism and 13 age-and IQ-matched control participants while they processed sentences with either high-or low-imagery content. The analysis of functional connectivity among cortical regions showed that the language and spatial centres in the participants with autism were not as well synchronized as in controls. In addition to the functional connectivity differences, there was also a group difference in activation. In the processing of low-imagery sentences (e.g. Addition, subtraction and multiplication are all math skills), the use of imagery is not essential to comprehension. Nevertheless, the autism group activated parietal and occipital brain regions associated with imagery for comprehending both the low and high-imagery sentences, suggesting that they were using mental imagery in both conditions. In contrast, the control group showed imagery-related activation primarily in the high-imagery condition. The findings provide further evidence of underintegration of language and imagery in autism (and hence expand the understanding of underconnectivity) but also show that people with autism are more reliant on visualization to support language comprehension.
Use of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification as an Additional Planning Tool for Renal Cell Carcinoma Assessment

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and of the main clinical pathologic variables in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients who underwent surgical treatment. Methods: In this international collaborative study, 376 RCC patients who underwent partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) during the period 1989-2009 were assessed. The pathological data were reviewed by a single pathologist, and all of the surgically treated patients had been previously evaluated by a team of anesthesiologists and classified as ASA 1, ASA 2, or ASA 3. Results: In total, 318 patients were included in the study, with a mean followup of 48 months. Incidental tumors represented 47% of the cases, while 11.6% presented with metastases at diagnosis. Among the patients assessed, 38 (11.9%) were classified as ASA 1, 213 (67%) as ASA 2, and 67 (21.1%) as ASA 3. An association between the ASA classification and the main clinicopathological variables of RCC was observed. The univariate analysis for overall survival (OS) revealed significant differences in the survival curves according to the ASA classification (p < 0.001). High-grade neoplasms, the presence of metastasis at diagnosis, clinical stage III/IV, and incidental tumors remained as independent predictors of survival. Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed a negative impact of the ASA classification on OS (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a correlation between the ASA classification and the main prognostic factors of RCC and its impact on survival rates. ASA 3 patients had more aggressive tumors, increased risk of perioperative complications, and worse outcomes compared with ASA1 or ASA 2. Thus, the ASA classification may be considered an additional tool for assessing and planning the treatment of RCC patients.
Talking reliably, secretly, and efficiently: A “complete” characterization

We consider reliable and secure communication of information over a multipath network. A transmitter Alice sends messages to the receiver Bob in the presence of a hidden adversary Calvin. The adversary Calvin can both eavesdrop and jam on (possibly non-identical) subsets of transmission links. The goal is to communicate reliably (intended receiver can understand the messages) and secretly (adversary cannot understand the messages). Two kinds of jamming, additive and overwrite, are considered. Additive jamming corresponds to wireless network model while overwrite jamming corresponds to wired network model and storage systems. The multipath network consists of C parallel links. Calvin can both jam and eavesdrop any zio number of links, can eavesdrop (but not jam) any zi/o number of links, and can jam (but not eavesdrop) any zo/i number of links. We present the first “complete” information-theoretic characterization of maximum achievable rate as a function of the number of links that can be jammed and/or eavesdropped for equal and unequal link capacity multipath networks under additive and overwrite jamming in the large alphabet regime. Our achievability and converse proofs require non-trivial combination of information theoretic and coding theoretic ideas and our achievability schemes are computationally efficient. The PHaSE-Saving techniques1 are used for achievability while a “stochastic” singleton bound is obtained for converse.
Regulation of emotion in generalized anxiety disorder

Introduction Interest in the study of anxiety disorders has increased dramatically since the publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; American Psychological Association (APA), 1980). In fact, the 1980s witnessed a 10-fold increase in the number of published articles devoted to the study of anxiety disorders (Norton et al., 1995), and anxiety disorders were the topic of 14% of the articles published in clinical psychology and psychiatry journals between 1990 and 1992 (Cox et al., 1995). The large majority of these studies focused on panic disorder (McNally, 1994) and social phobia (Heimberg et al., 1995). However, investigations of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have recently begun to appear with increasing frequency (Borkovec et al., 1991; Brownand Barlow, 1992; Wittchen et al., 1994). Compared to other anxiety disorders, GAD remains poorly understood. Advances in understanding have been slowed by the evolving definition of the disorder. In DSM-III, GAD was a residual category that could not be diagnosed in the presence of any other anxiety or affective disorder (APA, 1980). Attempts to diagnose GAD according to DSM-III criteria were also characterized by low inter-rater reliability (Barlow, 1987). However, the diagnostic criteria for GAD changed substantially from DSM-III to DSM-IV (APA, 1994). GAD is no longer considered to be a residual category, but a disorder specifically characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry and somatic symptoms suggestive of central nervous system hyperarousal (e.g., muscle tension).
HINODE/EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS OF THE TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF THE QUIET CORONA

We present a differential emission measure (DEM) analysis of the quiet solar corona on disk using data obtained by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode. We show that the expected quiet-Sun DEM distribution can be recovered from judiciously selected lines, and that their average intensities can be reproduced to within 30%. We present a subset of these selected lines spanning the temperature range log T = 5.6–6.4 K that can be used to derive the DEM distribution reliably, including a subset of iron lines that can be used to derive the DEM distribution free of the possibility of uncertainties in the elemental abundances. The subset can be used without the need for extensive measurements, and the observed intensities can be reproduced to within the estimated uncertainty in the pre-launch calibration of EIS. Furthermore, using this subset, we also demonstrate that the quiet coronal DEM distribution can be recovered on size scales down to the spatial resolution of the instrument (1″ pixels). The subset will therefore be useful for studies of small-scale spatial inhomogeneities in the coronal temperature structure, for example, in addition to studies requiring multiple DEM derivations in space or time. We apply the subset to 45 quiet-Sun data sets taken in the period 2007 January to April, and show that although the absolute magnitude of the coronal DEM may scale with the amount of released energy, the shape of the distribution is very similar up to at least log T ∼ 6.2 K in all cases. This result is consistent with the view that the shape of the quiet-Sun DEM is mainly a function of the radiating and conducting properties of the plasma and is fairly insensitive to the location and rate of energy deposition. This universal DEM may be sensitive to other factors such as loop geometry, flows, and the heating mechanism, but if so they cannot vary significantly from quiet-Sun region to region.
Developmental Changes in Learning: Computational Mechanisms and Social Influences

Our ability to learn from the outcomes of our actions and to adapt our decisions accordingly changes over the course of the human lifespan. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using computational models to understand developmental changes in learning and decision-making. Moreover, extensions of these models are currently applied to study socio-emotional influences on learning in different age groups, a topic that is of great relevance for applications in education and health psychology. In this article, we aim to provide an introduction to basic ideas underlying computational models of reinforcement learning and focus on parameters and model variants that might be of interest to developmental scientists. We then highlight recent attempts to use reinforcement learning models to study the influence of social information on learning across development. The aim of this review is to illustrate how computational models can be applied in developmental science, what they can add to our understanding of developmental mechanisms and how they can be used to bridge the gap between psychological and neurobiological theories of development.
The Effect of the “Evoking Freedom” Technique on an Unusual and Disturbing Request

The “evoking freedom” technique consists in soliciting someone to comply with a request by simply saying that she is free to accept or to refuse the request. However, previous studies used low cost requests. The present study examined the magnitude of this technique associated with a more disturbing and costly request. Sixty men and 60 women aged approximately 20–25 years walking in the street were asked by a male confederate to hold a closed transparent box containing a live trap-door spider while he went into the post office to pick up a package. In the evoking freedom condition, the confederate added in his request that the participant was “free to accept or to refuse. ” More compliance occurred in the “evoking freedom” condition (53.3%) than in the control condition (36.7%). These results confirm the robustness and the magnitude of the evoking freedom technique on compliance and show that this technique remained effective even when the request was psychologically costly to perform and was associated with fear.