Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal neurogenesis enhancers promote forgetting of remote fear memory after hippocampal reactivation by retrieval

Forgetting of recent fear memory is promoted by treatment with memantine (MEM), which increases hippocampal neurogenesis. The approaches for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using rodent models have focused on the extinction and reconsolidation of recent, but not remote, memories. Here we show that, following prolonged re-exposure to the conditioning context, enhancers of hippocampal neurogenesis, including MEM, promote forgetting of remote contextual fear memory. However, these interventions are ineffective following shorter re-exposures. Importantly, we find that long, but not short re-exposures activate gene expression in the hippocampus and induce hippocampus-dependent reconsolidation of remote contextual fear memory. Furthermore, remote memory retrieval becomes hippocampus-dependent after the long-time recall, suggesting that remote fear memory returns to a hippocampus dependent state after the long-time recall, thereby allowing enhanced forgetting by increased hippocampal neurogenesis. Forgetting of traumatic memory may contribute to the development of PTSD treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17464. 001
Assessment of quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel*

OBJECTIVE: Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, palliative chemotherapy therefore being the only treatment option. This study was aimed at evaluating the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of advanced-stage NSCLC patients receiving palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. METHODS: This was a multiple case study of advanced-stage NSCLC outpatients receiving chemotherapy at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire was used in conjunction with its supplemental lung cancer-specific module in order to assess HRQoL. RESULTS: Physical and cognitive functioning scale scores differed significantly among chemotherapy cycles, indicating improved and worsened HRQoL, respectively. The differences regarding the scores for pain, loss of appetite, chest pain, and arm/shoulder pain indicated improved HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy was found to improve certain aspects of HRQoL in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC.
Internet usage styles and attitudes toward globalization2

Abstract Our article discusses the research results aimed at finding relations between Internet usage styles and attitudes toward globalization. The research included 597 people, aged 15 to 39 years, from Poland by using two methods: 1) The World-I Questionnaire (by A. Senejko, Z. Łoś) to diagnose attitudes toward globalization (accepting, critical, fearful); 2) The Internet-Interpersonal Relations Questionnaire (by D. Chmielewska-Łuczak) – diagnoses four categories of Internet usage styles (distanced, frustrated, omnipotent, ambivalent). The research was based on an idiographic analysis focused on the results obtained for the specific people under examination. The results revealed the relationships between the distanced and omnipotent Internet usage styles and the accepting attitude toward globalization; between the frustrated style and the critical attitude; and between the ambivalent style and the fearful attitude toward globalization. The ensuing discussion can be used to increase Internet user awareness that it is necessary to look for a strategy for coping with the challenges posed by the Internet that is best adjusted to a particular individual. The competence in choosing such an appropriate strategy is a valuable asset for any contemporary manager who would like to target his or her offer at a variety of customers representing different Internet usage styles.
Survival Response of Hippocampal Neurons under Low Oxygen Conditions Induced by Hippophae rhamnoides is Associated with JAK/STAT Signaling

Janus activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STATs) pathway are associated with various neuronal functions including cell survival and inflammation. In the present study, it is hypothesized that protective action of aqueous extract of Hippophae rhamnoides in hippocampal neurons against hypoxia is mediated via JAK/STATs. Neuronal cells exposed to hypoxia (0.5% O2) display higher reactive oxygen species with compromised antioxidant status compared to unexposed control cells. Further, these cells had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 and nuclear factor κappa B. Moreover, the expression of JAK1 was found to be highly expressed with phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. Cells treated with JAK1, STAT3 and STAT5 specific inhibitors resulted in more cell death compared to hypoxic cells. Treatment of cells with extract prevented oxidative stress and inflammatory response associated with hypoxia. The extract treated cells had more cell survival than hypoxic cells with induction of JAK1 and STAT5b. Cells treated with extract having suppressed JAK1 or STAT3 or STAT5 expression showed reduced cell viability than the cell treated with extract alone. Overall, the findings from these studies indicate that the aqueous extract of Hippophae rhamnoides treatment inhibited hypoxia induced oxidative stress by altering cellular JAK1, STAT3 and STAT5 levels thereby enhancing cellular survival response to hypoxia and provide a basis for possible use of aqueous extract of Hippophae rhamnoides in facilitating tolerance to hypoxia.
Reducing Barriers to Ethics in Neuroscience

Ethics is a growing interest for neuroscientists, but rather than signifying a commitment to the protection of human subjects, care of animals, and public understanding to which the professional community is engaged in a fundamental way, interest has been consumed by administrative overhead and the mission creep of institutional ethics reviews. Faculty, trainees, and staff (n = 605) in North America whose work involves brain imaging and brain stimulation completed an online survey about ethics in their research. Using factor analysis and linear regression, we found significant effects for invasiveness of imaging technique, professional position, gender, and local presence of bioethics centers. We propose strategies for improving communication between the neuroscience community and ethics review boards, collaborations between neuroscientists and biomedical ethicists, and ethics training in graduate neuroscience programs to revitalize mutual goals and interests.
Poverty reduction strategies in action : perspectives and lessons from Ghana

Part 1 Part I. Poverty, Inequality, and Reform Approaches Chapter 2 Chapter 1. Introduction: Poverty Reduction in Ghana Chapter 3 Chapter 2. The Evolution of Poverty in Ghana: 1960-2000 Chapter 4 Chapter 3. The North-South Divide and the Disappearing Middle-Class: An Analysis of Spatial Inequality and Polarization in Ghana Chapter 5 Chapter 4. From SAPs to PRSPs: A Tale of Two Paradigms or Simply a Tale? Part 6 Part II. Designing, Implementing, Financing, and Monitoring the GPRS Chapter 7 Chapter 5. Public Consultations, the Role of Civil Servants, and Development Partners in Ghana's Poverty Reduction Strategy Chapter 8 Chapter 6. Linking Poverty Reduction Strategies to the Budget Chapter 9 Chapter 7. Towards an Architecture for the Delivery of International Development Assistance Chapter 10 Chapter 8. Monitoring Poverty Reduction Strategies Part 11 Part III. Special Topics in Poverty Reduction Chapter 12 Chapter 9. Decentralization, Poverty Reduction, and the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy Chapter 13 Chapter 10. Tackling Child Poverty in Ghana Chapter 14 Chapter 11. Employment Generation for Poverty Alleviation Chapter 15 Chapter 12. Informal Sector Activities and Urban Poverty in Ghana: Patterns and Poverty Policy Options Chapter 16 Chapter 13. Achieving Gender Equity in Ghana: How Useful is the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy? Chapter 17 Chapter 14. Environmental Sustainability and Poverty Reduction in Ghana Part 18 Part IV. Lessons and What Next Chapter 19 Chapter 15. Conclusions and Policy Lessons: The Next Generation of Poverty Reduction Strategies
A Probabilistic Representation for Dynamic Movement Primitives

Dynamic Movement Primitives have successfully been used to realize imitation learning, trial-and-error learning, reinforce- ment learning, movement recognition and segmentation and control. Because of this they have become a popular represen- tation for motor primitives. In this work, we showcase how DMPs can be reformulated as a probabilistic linear dynamical system with control inputs. Through this probabilistic repre- sentation of DMPs, algorithms such as Kalman filtering and smoothing are directly applicable to perform inference on pro- prioceptive sensor measurements during execution. We show that inference in this probabilistic model automatically leads to a feedback term to online modulate the execution of a DMP. Furthermore, we show how inference allows us to measure the likelihood that we are successfully executing a given motion primitive. In this context, we show initial results of using the probabilistic model to detect execution failures on a simulated movement primitive dataset.
p53 Specifically Binds Triplex DNA In Vitro and in Cells

Triplex DNA is implicated in a wide range of biological activities, including regulation of gene expression and genomic instability leading to cancer. The tumor suppressor p53 is a central regulator of cell fate in response to different type of insults. Sequence and structure specific modes of DNA recognition are core attributes of the p53 protein. The focus of this work is the structure-specific binding of p53 to DNA containing triplex-forming sequences in vitro and in cells and the effect on p53-driven transcription. This is the first DNA binding study of full-length p53 and its deletion variants to both intermolecular and intramolecular T.A. T triplexes. We demonstrate that the interaction of p53 with intermolecular T.A. T triplex is comparable to the recognition of CTG-hairpin non-B DNA structure. Using deletion mutants we determined the C-terminal DNA binding domain of p53 to be crucial for triplex recognition. Furthermore, strong p53 recognition of intramolecular T.A. T triplexes (H-DNA), stabilized by negative superhelicity in plasmid DNA, was detected by competition and immunoprecipitation experiments, and visualized by AFM. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed p53 binding T.A. T forming sequence in vivo. Enhanced reporter transactivation by p53 on insertion of triplex forming sequence into plasmid with p53 consensus sequence was observed by luciferase reporter assays. In-silico scan of human regulatory regions for the simultaneous presence of both consensus sequence and T.A. T motifs identified a set of candidate p53 target genes and p53-dependent activation of several of them (ABCG5, ENOX1, INSR, MCC, NFAT5) was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Our results show that T.A. T triplex comprises a new class of p53 binding sites targeted by p53 in a DNA structure-dependent mode in vitro and in cells. The contribution of p53 DNA structure-dependent binding to the regulation of transcription is discussed.
A Literature Review of Root-End Filling Materials

Surgical endodontic therapy is done when non-surgical endodontic treatment is unsuccessful. Rootend resection is the most common form of periradicular surgery. The procedure involves surgical access or osteotomy to expose the involved area, root-end preparation, root-end resection, periradicular curettage and placement of a suitable root-end filling material. This article reviews the effectiveness of various available, time-tested and newer root-end filling materials including their biocompatibility, sealing ability, anti-bacterial effects and capacity to stimulate regeneration of normal periodontium.
Variation in Cardiologists' Propensity to Test and Treat: Is It Associated With Regional Variation in Utilization?

Background—Regional variation in healthcare utilization, including cardiac testing and procedures, is well documented. Some factors underlying such variation are understood, including resource supply. However, less is known about how physician behaviors and attitudes may influence variation in utilization across regions. Methods and Results—We performed a survey of a national sample of cardiologists using patients vignettes to ascertain physicians' self-reported propensity to test and treat patients with cardiovascular problems, computing a Cardiac Intensity Score for each physician based on his/her responses intended to measure the physician's propensity to recommend high-tech and/or invasive tests and treatments. In addition, we asked under what circumstances they would order a cardiac catheterization “for other than purely clinical reasons. ” For some survey items, there was substantial variation in physician responses. We found that the Cardiac Intensity Score was associated with 2 measures of population based healthcare utilization measured within geographic regions, with a stronger association with general healthcare spending than with delivery of cardiac services. Although nearly all physicians denied ordering a potentially unnecessary cardiac catheterization for financial reasons, some physicians acknowledged ordering the test for other reasons, including meeting patient and referring physician expectations, meeting peer expectations, and malpractice concerns. More than 27% of respondents reported ordering a cardiac catheterization if a colleague would in the same situation frequently or sometimes, and nearly 24% reported doing so out of fear of malpractice. These 2 factors were significantly associated with the propensity to test and treat, but only fear of malpractice was associated with regional utilization. Conclusions—Variability in cardiologists' propensity to test and treat partly underlies regional variation in utilization of general health and cardiology services. The factor most closely associated with this propensity was fear of malpractice suits. This factor may be an appropriate target of intervention.
Is Financial Development a Factor to the Leading Growth Profile of the South African Economy? Measuring and Uncovering the Hidden Secret

This paper investigates the factors contributing to the formidable growth rate of the South African economy. Specifically, we determine whether the leading role of the South African economy in the Sub- Saharan African region is a result of its sophisticated and resilient financial sector development. If not, the paper tries to identify the possible explanations for the countryâ€™s economic growth profile in recent times. From a series of empirical findings, the paper assesses the factor(s) that could impede the overall growth profile of the countryâ€™s economy in both the long-run and the short-run. To do this, we measure the shortrun and long-run impacts of financial development on economic growth of the South African economy, and we also investigate whether the relationship between financial development and economic growth is monotonic or not. The study employs time series data from 1980 to 2011 and uses the ARDL bounds-testing approach to cointegration and the U test of Mehlum and Sasbuchi. The study reveals that trade openness and the ratio of credit issued to the private sector by banks to GDP have fuelled South Africaâ€™s economic growth in both the long-run and the short-run. Similarly, the U test also discovered that the relationship between financial development and GDP growth in the country is non-monotonic. Surprisingly, M3 has a short-run negative influence on GDP while the greatest and most crucial long-run factor that has impeded the accumulated growth profile of the South African economy is the low productive contribution of the countryâ€™s population to GDP. This study explores new insights for policy makers in South Africa.
Insights on debt renegotiation : implications for the corporate and residential housing market

Malgre d’importants avantages, la dette comme source de financement implique un risque d’insolvabilite. La faillite et la liquidation des actifs ont un cout eleve non seulement pour l’emprunteur et le preteur, mais aussi pour la societe en general. La detresse des entreprises peut en effet d’une part se propager dans l’economie et provoquer une contagion et d’autre part impliquer des externalites negatives (telle la chute du prix des actifs liquides). La renegociation de la dette survient donc comme une alternative a la faillite/liquidation, une solution qui peut se montrer avantageuse pour toutes les parties impliquees et pour la societe. Cette these propose une analyse theorique de la renegociation de la dette dans deux contextes particuliers. Le premier concerne le cas de la dette d’entreprise. Le second concerne le cas des credits hypothecaires. A notre connaissance, tous les modeles de la litterature sur la dette d’entreprise impliquent ou autorisent un nombre infini de renegociations de la dette. Cette caracteristique empeche l’analyse du nombre optimal de renegociations. Pour pallier cet inconvenient, nous introduisons des couts fixes de renegociation dans un modele structurel de renegociations multiples. On analyse la reduction optimale du coupon, le moment et le nombre de renegociations. En ce qui concerne la renegociation des credits hypothecaires, nous contribuons au debat sur la crise actuelle des saisies immobilieres en etudiant en premier lieu la decision d’un preteur de renegocier ou de saisir, et en second lieu l’impact negatif de la saisie sur les prix immobiliers. Enfin, sont analyses le role de la titrisation des credits dans les decisions de saisir les biens immobiliers ou de renegocier les dettes en souffrance, ainsi que les contrats des gestionnaires immobiliers
KCNQ1 and KCNE1 K+ Channel Components are Involved in Early Left-Right Patterning in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Several ion transporters have been implicated in left-right (LR) patterning. Here, we characterize a new component of the early bioelectrical circuit: the potassium channel KCNQ1 and its accessory subunit KCNE1. Having cloned the native Xenopus versions of both genes, we show that both are asymmetrically localized as maternal proteins during the first few cleavages of frog embryo development in a process dependent on microtubule and actin organization. Molecular loss-of-function using dominant negative constructs demonstrates that both gene products are required for normal LR asymmetry. We propose a model whereby these channels provide an exit path for K+ ions brought in by the H+,K+-ATPase. This physiological module thus allows the obligate but electroneutral H+,K+-ATPase to generate an asymmetric voltage gradient on the left and right sides. Our data reveal a new, bioelectrical component of the mechanisms patterning a large-scale axis in vertebrate embryogenesis.
Godbillon-Vey Class of Transversely Holomorphic Foliations

Several examples of transversely holomorphic foliations with non-trivial Godbillon-Vey class are given. It is shown that if the complex codimension is odd, then there are at least two foliations which are distinct as real foliations. It is also shown that the Godbillon-Vey class is rigid under deformations in the category of transversely holomorphic foliations.
The Discursive Constitution of the 'Management Control' Organisation

The idea of ‘management control’ regards stability within the organisational environment, in the sense of directing the behaviour of employees towards some set of ‘organisational’ objectives. More than a collection of managerial artefacts, however, this signifier labels a specific set of objects and practices, which typify a regime of practices ‘management control’ at the same time that they are driven, enabled and constrained by it. In this sense, diverse ‘organisation’-like social and political logics are materialised through these objects and practices and through the crystallised regime of practices, then being recognised as ‘management control’-like constitutive logics. Throughout the exercise of such logics – political institutions of social logics – a ‘management control’-like organisational discourse is constituted, hence constituting the ‘management control’-like ‘organisation’, then being experienced as a typical ‘management control’ organisation. The organisation – and the ‘management control’-like organisation – does not happen as a random phenomenon, but it happens out of the constitution of ‘management control’-like organisational discourse. The present thesis develops the arguments towards this essential description, working on post structuralist discourse theory and following a retroductive circle of problematisation, theory construction and persuasion/intervention for research in social sciences, willing to answer the research question regarding the dynamic whereby ‘management control’ logics are articulated and thus constitute contextually-specific organisational discourses. A case study has been developed at the Enterprise, a family-owned metallurgic business, and five theoretical contributions are then proposed, regarding the dynamic process of constituting the organisation, the conceptual difference between discourse theory and institutional theory, the powerful role of political actors for instituting, de-instituting and re-instituting social logics, the relevance of using management accounting artefacts as tools for materialising ‘management control’ social logics, and the materialisation of ‘management control’ like hegemonic discourse through the feedforward process with the articulation of the regime of practices.
Physical stature in nineteenth-century new zealand: A preliminary interpretation

During the late nineteenth century, the physical stature of New Zealand-born men stagnated, despite an apparently beneficial public health environment and growth in per-capita incomes. We examine trends and differentials in male stature through World War I enlistment and casualty records. Stature varied by social class, with professionals and men in rural occupations substantially taller than their peers. There is not enough evidence to show that the indigenous Maori population differed in height from men of European descent. Stagnation in stature in late nineteenth-century New Zealand is consistent with patterns observed in Australia, North America, and Western Europe. Copyright 2010 The Authors. Australian Economic History Review Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and the Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand 2010 .