Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aging mitigation in memory arrays using self-controlled bit-flipping technique

With CMOS technology downscaling into the nanometer regime, the reliability of SRAM memories is threatened by accelerated transistor aging mechanisms such as Bias Temperature Instability (BTI). BTI leads to a considerable degradation of SRAM cell Static Noise Margin (SNM), which increases the memory failure rate. Since BTI is workload dependent, the aging rates of different cells in a memory array are quite non-uniform. To address this issue, a variety of bit-flipping techniques has been proposed to decrease the SNM degradation by balancing the signal probabilities of the cells. However, existing bit-flipping techniques impose too much area and power overhead as at least an additional column is required to store the inversion flags. In this paper, we propose a low cost self-controlled bit-flipping technique which inverts all bit positions with respect to an existing bit. This technique is applied to a register-file and cache units of an embedded microprocessor. Our simulation results show that the reliability of the proposed technique is similar to that of existing bit-flipping techniques, while imposing 64% less area overhead.
Learning to Integrate versus Inhibiting Information Is Modulated by Age

Cognitive training aiming at improving learning is often successful, but what exactly underlies the observed improvements and how these differ across the age spectrum are currently unknown. Here we asked whether learning in young and older people may reflect enhanced ability to integrate information required to perform a cognitive task or whether it may instead reflect the ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information for successful task performance. We trained 30 young and 30 aging human participants on a numerosity discrimination task known to engage the parietal cortex and in which cue-integration and inhibitory abilities can be distinguished. We coupled training with parietal, motor, or sham transcranial random noise stimulation, known for modulating neural activity. Numerosity discrimination improved after training and was maintained long term, especially in the training + parietal stimulation group, regardless of age. Despite the quantitatively similar improvement in the two age groups, the content of learning differed remarkably: aging participants improved more in inhibitory abilities, whereas younger subjects improved in cue-integration abilities. Moreover, differences in the content of learning were reflected in different transfer effects to untrained but related abilities: in the younger group, improvements in cue integration paralleled improvements in continuous quantity (time and space), whereas in the elderly group, improvements in numerosity-based inhibitory abilities generalized to other measures of inhibition and corresponded to a decline in space discrimination, possibly because conflicting learning resources are used in numerosity and continuous quantity processing. These results indicate that training can enhance different, age-dependent cognitive processes and highlight the importance of identifying the exact processes underlying learning for effective training programs.
Bilinear Analysis for Kernel Selection and Nonlinear Feature Extraction

This paper presents a unified criterion, Fisher kernel criterion (FKC), for feature extraction and recognition. This new criterion is intended to extract the most discriminant features in different nonlinear spaces, and then, fuse these features under a unified measurement. Thus, FKC can simultaneously achieve nonlinear discriminant analysis and kernel selection. In addition, we present an efficient algorithm Fisher kernel analysis (FKA), which utilizes the bilinear analysis, to optimize the new criterion. This FKA algorithm can alleviate the ill-posed problem existed in traditional kernel discriminant analysis (KDA), and usually, has no singularity problem. The effectiveness of our proposed algorithm is validated by a series of face-recognition experiments on several different databases.
Design and Measurement of a Doppler Radar With New Quadrature Hybrid Mixer for Vehicle Applications

This paper presents a novel Doppler radar sensor architecture with a quadrature hybrid mixer. Consisting of four branch-line couplers, two 45° delay lines, and four Schottky diodes, the quadrature hybrid mixer demonstrates high transmission efficiency to pass the power from a local oscillator (LO) to an antenna without wasting received power at the oscillator port. A quadrature Doppler radar system is also implemented with the proposed quadrature hybrid mixer and defected-ground-structure LO. Compared to a conventional quadrature radar, the received power of the proposed architecture is enhanced by 3.3 dB when the LO power is 10 dBm, and is enhanced by 16.2 dB when the LO power is reduced to 0 dBm. Additionally, the improvement in received power is attributed to the improved transmission and lower receiving loss than that of the conventional ones. Capable of determining speeds lower than 0.05 km/h, which corresponds to a 1-Hz Doppler shift. The proposed Doppler radar architecture can identify the direction of the displacement due to use of the quadrature technique.
Beneficial effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Zingiber officinale (ZO), commonly known as ginger, has been traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several studies have reported the hypoglycaemic properties of ginger in animal models. The present study evaluated the antihyperglycaemic effect of its aqueous extract administered orally (daily) in three different doses (100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 30 d to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. A dose-dependent antihyperglycaemic effect revealed a decrease of plasma glucose levels by 38 and 68 % on the 15th and 30th day, respectively, after the rats were given 500 mg/kg. The 500 mg/kg ZO significantly (P < 0·05) decreased kidney weight (% body weight) in ZO-treated diabetic rats v. control rats, although the decrease in liver weight (% body weight) was not statistically significant. Kidney glycogen content increased significantly (P < 0·05) while liver and skeletal muscle glycogen content decreased significantly (P < 0·05) in diabetic controls v. normal controls. ZO (500 mg/kg) also significantly decreased kidney glycogen (P < 0·05) and increased liver and skeletal muscle glycogen in STZ-diabetic rats when compared to diabetic controls. Activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in diabetic controls were decreased by 94, 53 and 61 %, respectively, when compared to normal controls; and ZO significantly increased (P < 0·05) those enzymes' activities in STZ-diabetic rats. Therefore, the present study showed that ginger is a potential phytomedicine for the treatment of diabetes through its effects on the activities of glycolytic enzymes.
General-purpose fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters

In this paper, a general-purpose fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters is investigated. Based on a qualitative description of the system to be controlled, fuzzy controllers are capable of good performances, even for those systems where linear control techniques fail, e.g., when a mathematical description is not available or is in the presence of wide parameter variations. The presented approach is general and can be applied to any DC-DC converter topologies. Controller implementation is relatively simple and can guarantee a small-signal response as fast and stable as other standard regulators and an improved large-signal response. Simulation results of buck-boost and Sepic converters show control potentialities.
Possible TeV source candidates among the unidentified EGRET sources

We study the γ -ray emission from the pulsar magnetosphere based on outer gap models, and the TeV radiation from pulsar wind nebulae through inverse Compton scattering using a onezone model. We have shown previously that GeV radiation from the magnetosphere of mature pulsars with ages of ∼10 5 ‐10 6 yr can contribute to the high-latitude unidentified Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) sources. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations of γ -ray pulsars in the Galaxy and the Gould Belt, assuming values for the pulsar birth rate, initial position, proper motion velocity, period, and magnetic field distribution and evolution based on observational statistics. We select from the simulation a sample of mature pulsars in the Galactic plane (|b| 5 ◦ ) and a sample at high latitudes (|b| > 5 ◦ ) which could be detected by EGRET. We calculate the TeV fluxes from the pulsar wind nebulae of our simulated sample produced through inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons on the cosmic microwave background and synchrotron seed photons. The predicted fluxes are consistent with the present observational constraints. We suggest that strong EGRET sources may be potential TeV source candidates for present and future ground-based TeV telescopes.
The Super-Alfvénic Model of Molecular Clouds: Predictions for Zeeman Splitting Measurements

We present synthetic OH Zeeman splitting measurements of a super-Alfvénic molecular cloud model. We select dense cores from synthetic13CO maps computed from the largest simulation to date of supersonic and super-Alfvénic turbulence. The synthetic Zeeman splitting measurements in the cores yield a relation between the magnetic field strength, B, and the column density, N, in good agreement with the observations. The large scatter in B at a fixed value of N is partly due to intrinsic variations in the magnetic field strength from core to core. We also compute the relative mass-to-flux ratio between the center of the cores and their envelopes, , and show that super-Alfvénic turbulence produces a significant scatter also in , including negative values (field reversal between core center and envelope). We find for 70% of the cores, and for 12%. Of the cores with | BLOS| > 10 μG, 81% have . These predictions of the super-Alfvénic model are in stark contrast to the ambipolar drift model of core formation, where only is allowed.
European Journal of Research on Education Problems of Mentoring Practices Encountered by the Prospective Elt Teachers: Perceptions of Faculty Tutors

This study aims to investigate the problems of mentoring system from the perspectives of faculty tutors and reveal the possible solutions proposed by them. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with the participation of seven English Language Teaching (ELT) department educators. By means of semi-structured interviews it was intended to get experienced faculty tutors " perspectives for advancing mentoring which might consequently have a positive effect on improving teaching quality. Interview questions were sent to the faculty tutors through emails. They were asked to give elaborate answers to the questions and return them back. The interview consists of two parts. The first part includes participants " personal information; the second part comprises three questions intended to reveal faculty tutors " perceptions of the existing problems of mentoring and solution proposals. The faculty tutors were aware of the problematic aspects of mentoring such as: " unhelpful mentors " no or little awareness of the importance of a decent mentoring system " , " looking upon mentoring merely as a means of additional income " , and " not being instructed about what they should do ". The faculty tutors addressed these problems with solutions such as: " emphasis of the mentoring system must be on the mentoring process rather than on administrative causes " , " there should be mentor-training seminars " , " a list of selection criteria for school mentors should be drawn up and implemented " , and it was repeatedly underlined that efforts should be made to reduce the number of trainees assigned to a mentor or a school.
Working Papers on Information Systems Research Framework for Consumer Satisfaction with Internet Shopping Research Framework for Consumer Satisfaction with Internet Shopping

Consumer satisfaction with Internet shopping has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to propose a research framework that integrates both end-user computing satisfaction literature and service quality literature. This framework explicitly considers information quality, system quality, and service quality as the key dimensions of consumer satisfaction with Internet shopping. We believe the research framework and propositions serve as salient guidelines for researchers. Abstract Consumer satisfaction with Internet shopping has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to propose a research framework that integrates both end-user computing satisfaction literature and service quality literature. This framework explicitly considers information quality, system quality, and service quality as the key dimensions of consumer satisfaction with Internet shopping. We believe the research framework and propositions serve as salient guidelines for researchers. 1 INTRODUCTION The advent of the Internet has empowered consumers. Consumers can access a virtually unlimited selection of products, brands, and sellers. They can switch brands or try different products in a single click. However, consumers have limited time and unlimited choice. They would naturally stick to the Internet merchants who meet their needs and provide quality services. Recent statistics showed that 80 percent of the highly satisfied online consumers would shop again within two months, and 90 percent would recommend the Internet retailer to others 1. On the other hand, 87 percent of dissatisfied customer would permanently leave their Internet merchants without any complaints 2. To thrive in the competitive electronic environment, only customer-centric retailers that develop genuinely customer relationship strategies and effectively manage their customer online shopping experiences would eventually survive. Satisfaction is one of the most important consumer reactions in Internet shopping, and its importance is reflected in the ability to help build up customer loyalty (Anderson and Srinivasan 2003), enhance favorable word of mouth (Bhattacherjee 2001), lead to repeat purchases (Reibstein 2002) and improve the company's market share and profitability (Reichheld and Schefter 2000). Research into satisfaction with consumer-based electronic commerce is just now emerging in IS journals. Like most areas that are new, researchers have taken different approaches and focused on a variety of aspects in investigating satisfaction with consumer-based electronic commerce. As shown in Table 1, satisfaction …
Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by the multikinase inhibitor nintedanib

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of nintedanib, a novel triple angiokinase inhibitor, for inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-induced lymphangiogenesis in vitro and inflammatory corneal lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Materials and methods Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, transwell system, and tube-formation assay were used to evaluate the effects of nintedanib on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of LECs stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The murine model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization was used to assess the anti-hemangiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic effects of nintedanib via systemic and topical applications. Corneal flatmounts were stained with lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and CD31, and the areas of involved blood and lymph vessels were analyzed morphometrically. Corneal cryosections were stained with F4/80 to evaluate inflammatory cell recruitment. Results We observed a significant enhanced effect of LEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation with the administration of VEGF-C, PDGF-BB, and bFGF, respectively, which was diminished by nintedanib. Both topical and systemic applications of nintedanib inhibited suture-induced hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the murine cornea. A reduction in F4/80+ cell infiltration was observed at day 14 after corneal suture for both systemic and topical applications of nintedanib. In comparison with controls, 61% of F4/80+ cell recruitment was inhibited via the systemic application of nintedanib, while 49% of F4/80+ cell recruitment was inhibited with the topical application of nintedanib. Conclusion Nintedanib was shown to inhibit in vitro lymphangiogenesis stimulated by VEGF-C, bFGF, and PDGF-BB. Applied topically or systemically, it effectively inhibited corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, accompanied by reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, which represents a new promising treatment for graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.
Methanol in the L1551 Circumbinary Torus

We report observations of gaseous methanol in an edge-on torus surrounding the young stellar object L1551 IRS 5. The peaks in the torus are separated by ~10,000 AU from L1551 IRS 5 and contain ~0.03 M⊕ of cold CH3OH. We infer that the CH3OH abundance increases in the outer part of the torus, probably as a result of methanol evaporation from dust grain surfaces heated by the shock luminosity associated with the shocks associated with the jets of an externally located X-ray source. Any methanol released in such a cold environment will rapidly freeze again, spreading CH3OH throughout the circumbinary torus to nascent dust grains, planetesimals, and primitive bodies. These observations probe the initial chemical conditions of matter infalling onto the disk.
Smokeless Tobacco and Oral Cancer in South Asia: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Introduction. Smokeless tobacco is considered one of the major risk factors for oral cancer. It is estimated that over 90% of the global smokeless tobacco use burden is in South Asia. This paper aims to systematically review publications reporting epidemiological observational studies published in South Asia from 1984 till 2013. Methods. An electronic search in “Medline” and “ISI Web of Knowledge” yielded 734 publications out of which 21 were included in this review. All publications were assessed for quality using a standard quality assessment tool. Effect estimates (odds ratios (OR)) were abstracted or calculated from the given data. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of oral cancer with the use of different forms of smokeless tobacco. Results and Conclusion. The pooled OR for chewing tobacco and risk of oral cancer was 4.7 [3.1–7.1] and for paan with tobacco and risk of oral cancer was 7.1 [4.5–11.1]. The findings of this study suggest a strong causal link between oral cancer and various forms of smokeless tobacco. Public health policies in affected countries should consider SLT specific cessation programs in addition to campaigns and activities incorporated into smoking cessation programs.
Union Power, Collective Bargaining, and Optimal Monetary Policy

We study the design of optimal monetary policy (Ramsey policies) in a model with sticky prices and unionized labour markets. Collective wage bargaining and unions monopoly power tend to dampen wage fluctuations and to amplify employment fluctuations relatively to a DNK model with walrasian labour markets. The optimal monetary policy must trade-off counteracting forces. On the one side deviations from zero inflation allow the policy maker to smooth inefficient employment fluctuations. On other side, the presence of wage mark-ups and wage stickiness produce inflationary pressures that require aggressive inflation targeting. Overall we find that the Ramsey planner deviates from full price stability and that an optimal rule targets inflation the real economic activity alongside inflation.
Use of Poly (Amidoamine) Dendrimer for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: A Preliminary Study

The occlusion of dentinal tubules is an effective method to alleviate the symptoms caused by dentin hypersensitivity, a significant health problem in dentistry and daily life. The in situ mineralization within dentinal tubules is a promising treatment for dentin hypersensitivity as it induces the formation of mineral on the sensitive regions and occludes the dentinal tubules. This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of a whole generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G3.0) on dentinal tubule occlusion by inducing mineralization within dentinal tubules. Dentin discs were treated with PAMAM dendrimers using two methods, followed by the in vitro characterization using Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). These results showed that G3.0 PAMAM dendrimers coated on dentin surface and infiltrated in dentinal tubules could induce hydroxyapatite formation and resulted in effective dentinal tubule occlusion. Moreover, crosslinked PAMAM dendrimers could induce the remineralization of demineralized dentin and thus had the potential in dentinal tubule occlusion. In this in vitro study, dentinal tubules occlusion could be achieved by using PAMAM dendrimers. This could lead to the development of a new therapeutic technique for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
ARITHMETIC OF THE PARTITION FUNCTION

Here we describe some recent advances that have been made regarding the arithmetic of the unrestricted partition function p(n). A partition of a nonnegative integer n is any nonincreasing sequence of positive integers whose sum is n. As usual, we let p(n) denote the number of partitions of n. For example, it is easy to see that p(4) = 5 since the partitions of 4 are: 4, 3 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 1 + 1, 1 + 1 + 1 + 1. Partitions have played an important role in many aspects of combinatorics, Lie theory, physics, and representation theory. Here we describe some of the recent discoveries regarding the arithmetic of the partition function, including a relationship between partitions and Tate-Shafarevich groups of modular motives in arithmetic algebraic geometry. Euler [4] showed that the generating function for p(n) is given by the convenient infinite product ∞ ∑
Nuclear export factor RBM15 facilitates the access of DBP5 to mRNA

The conserved mRNA export receptor NXF1 (Mex67 in yeast) assembles with messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNP) in the nucleus and guides them through the nuclear pore complex into the cytoplasm. The DEAD family RNA helicase Dbp5 is essential for nuclear export of mRNA and is thought to dissociate Mex67 from mRNP upon translocation, thereby generating directional passage. However, the molecular mechanism by which Dbp5 recognizes Mex67-containing mRNP is not clear. Here we report that the human NXF1-binding protein RBM15 binds specifically to human DBP5 and facilitates its direct contact with mRNA in vivo. We found that RBM15 is targeted to the nuclear envelope, where it colocalizes extensively with DBP5 and NXF1. Gene silencing of RBM15 leads to cytoplasmic depletion and nuclear accumulation of general mRNA as well as individual endogenous transcripts, indicating that RBM15 is required for efficient mRNA export. We propose a model in which RBM15 acts locally at the nuclear pore complex, by facilitating the recognition of NXF1–mRNP complexes by DBP5 during translocation, thereby contributing to efficient mRNA export.