Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Yellow–Orange Wavelength-Based Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Measurement Scheme for Wrist-Based Wearables

Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the important biomarkers of physical and psychological well-being. Hence, a convenient and minimally intrusive method for HRV measurement is advantageous. Although high levels of surrogacy of short-term HRV estimates obtained from the measurements of blood volume changes to traditional electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements have been reported, no detailed account on extraction of such parameters from a wrist-based optical monitor is found in the literature. In this paper, a yellow–orange wavelength-based optical scheme is incorporated into a wearable device for HRV estimation from dorsal side of the wrist. This design is pivotal in catering to a wider span of population with varied skin tones. The developed wearable in alliance with a gateway device is capable of picking up photoplethysmography from the measurement site, allowing estimation of HRV-indices within a confidence of 5% from ECG-derived parameters. The HRV measurement ecosystem is validated under the setting of three postural loads for 20 subjects, generating 60 data sets. Study results show statistically significant positive correlation and nonsignificant bias in Bland–Altman analysis, for the HRV-indices derived from either method. In most of the extracted HRV features, the observations in supine position showed minimum deviation from the reference. Estimation of short-term HRV-indices from wrist-based photoplethysmography under stationary conditions shows promising results from the study. Electrical and biological noninterference and ease of usage of the proposed design simplify stationary and ambulatory monitoring of HRV.
Supervisory attentional system in nonamnesic alcoholic men.

BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that recently detoxified alcoholic persons perform poorly on tasks thought to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage, supporting the hypothesis that the frontal lobes are highly vulnerable to chronic alcohol consumption. However, it appeared that most of the executive tasks used in these studies also involved nonexecutive components, and these tasks had been shown to be impaired as a result of nonfrontal lobe lesions. In this study, we examined further the "frontal lobe vulnerability" hypothesis using executive tasks, proved to be associated with frontal lobe functioning, that allowed us to distinguish the relative importance of executive and nonexecutive processes. METHOD Thirty recently detoxified asymptomatic male alcoholic inpatients and 30 control subjects were tested for planning, inhibition, rule detection, and coordination of dual task, as well as the speed of processing and nonexecutive functions (such as short-term memory storage). RESULTS Alcoholics performed worse than controls in almost all tasks assessing executive functions. However, they were not slower than the controls and showed normal results for nonexecutive functions. CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol consumption seems to be associated with severe executive function deficits, which are still present after a protracted period of alcohol abstinence. These data support the idea that the cognitive deficits in recently detoxified sober alcoholic subjects are due, at least partly, to frontal lobe dysfunctioning.
Interactions among the toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, and the calanoid copepods Acartia spp.

To investigate the interactions among a toxic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, and the calanoid copepods Acartia spp. (A. omorii and A. hongi), we measured toxicity of A. carterae, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina on A. carterae, the ingestion rate of Acartia spp. on A. carterae, the ingestion rate of Acartia spp. on O. marina fed a non-toxic strain of Prorocentrum minimum, and the ingestion rate of Acartia spp. on O. marina, the latter originally satiated with A. carterae and then starved, as a function of elapsed starvation time. The toxicity of A. carterae was 1 MU/1.3 × 10 8 cells when measured using the mouse bioassay. O. marina grew well on A. carterae. When the data were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten equation, maximum specific growth rate (µmax) and threshold prey concentration of O. marina on A. carterae were 1.17 d -1 and 1.3 ng C ml -1 (13 cells ml -1 ), respectively. Maximum ingestion and clear- ance rates of O. marina were 2.8 ng C grazer -1 d -1 (28 cells grazer -1 d -1 ) and 2.4 µl grazer -1 h -1 , respectively. Grazing by Acartia spp. on A. carterae was undetectable. The ingestion rate of Acartia spp. on O. marina was very low (maximum = 749 Oxyrrhis predator -1 d -1 ) at Day 0 (O. marina starved for 0 to 1 d after satiation with A. carterae), but increased with increasing elapsed starvation time. The maximum ingestion rate was 4710 Oxyrrhis predator -1 d -1 at Day 11 (O. marina starved for 11 to 12 d). The average ingestion rates of Acartia spp. on O. marina fed P. minimum were not significantly higher than on O. marina fed A. carterae at Day 11 at similar mean prey concentrations, but much higher than those fed A. carterae at Day 0. This evidence suggests that O. marina can reduce its mor- tality rate due to the predation by Acartia spp. if it is satiated with A. carterae, and the grazing of A. carterae by O. marina can sometimes transfer the carbon of A. carterae to Acartia spp. , which cannot feed on A. carterae.
Regret in Decision Making

Decision research has only recently started to take seriously the role of emotions in choices and decisions. Regret is the emotion that has received the most attention. In this article, we sample a number of the initial regret studies from psychology and economics, and trace some of the complexities and contradictions to which they led. We then sketch a new theory, decision justification theory (DJT), which synthesizes several apparently conflicting findings. DJT postulates two core components of decision–related regret, one associated with the (comparative) evaluation of the outcome, the other with the feeling of self–blame for having made a poor choice. We reinterpret several existing studies in DJT terms. We then report some new studies that directly tested (and support) DJT, and propose a number of research issues that follow from this new approach to regret.
How Different Guilt Feelings Can Affect Social Competence Development in Childhood

ABSTRACT The authors examined how the two different dimensions of guilt feelings, needed for reparation and fear of punishment, could influence social conduct, such as prosocial and aggressive behaviors, and how they are linked to popularity in childhood. The authors hypothesized a theoretical model that they tested, fitting it with empirical data obtained from a sample of 242 Italian children 9–11 years old. Both dimensions of guilt predict prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Specifically, the feeling of guilt linked to the need for reparation tends to negatively predict aggressive behaviors, and positively predict prosocial behaviors. The feeling of guilt linked to the fear of punishment, on the contrary, tends to positively affect aggressive and negatively affect prosocial conducts in children. These results highlight that the different feelings of guilt can represent a relevant risk or protective factor for the development of social competence in childhood. Limitations, strengths, and further development of the present study are discussed.
Large volatility matrix estimation with factor-based diffusion model for high-frequency financial data

Large volatility matrices are involved in many finance practices, and estimating large volatility matrices based on high-frequency financial data encounters the “curse of dimensionality”. It is a common approach to impose a sparsity assumption on the large volatility matrices to produce consistent volatility matrix estimators. However, due to the existence of common factors, assets are highly correlated with each other, and it is not reasonable to assume the volatility matrices are sparse in financial applications. This paper incorporates factor influence in the asset pricing model and investigates large volatility matrix estimation under the factor price model together with some sparsity assumption. We propose to model asset prices by assuming that asset prices are governed by common factors and that the assets with similar characteristics share the same association with the factors. We then impose some reasonable sparsity condition on the part of the volatility matrices after accounting for the factor contribution. Under the proposed factorbased model and sparsity assumption, we develop an estimation scheme called “blocking and regularizing”. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are studied, and its finite sample performance is tested via extensive numerical studies to support theoretical results.
Magnesium interscalene nerve block for the management of painful shoulder disorders

Shoulder pain is a common and distressing disorder. Systemic multimodal analgesia may be ineffective, but interscalene nerve block provides effective therapy. Magnesium may increase the efficacy and duration of systemic or regional analgesia. This case series examines the utility of magnesium interscalene nerve block for the management of painful shoulder disorders. Six elderly patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction received interscalene nerve block with injection of bupivacaine and magnesium. The patients subsequently reported significant improvement in sleep, shoulder pain, and physical function for 16 weeks. This report highlights that magnesium interscalene nerve block provides safe, effective, and prolonged shoulder analgesia.
FANCM Limits Meiotic Crossovers in Brassica Crops

Meiotic crossovers (COs) are essential for proper chromosome segregation and the reshuffling of alleles during meiosis. In WT plants, the number of COs is usually small, which limits the genetic variation that can be captured by plant breeding programs. Part of this limitation is imposed by proteins like FANCM, the inactivation of which results in a 3-fold increase in COs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether the same holds true in crops needed to be established. In this study, we identified EMS induced mutations in FANCM in two species of economic relevance within the genus Brassica. We showed that CO frequencies were increased in fancm mutants in both diploid and tetraploid Brassicas, Brassica rapa and Brassica napus respectively. In B. rapa, we observed a 3-fold increase in the number of COs, equal to the increase observed previously in Arabidopsis. In B. napus we observed a lesser but consistent increase (1.3-fold) in both euploid (AACC) and allohaploid (AC) plants. Complementation tests in A. thaliana suggest that the smaller increase in crossover frequency observed in B. napus reflects residual activity of the mutant C copy of FANCM. Altogether our results indicate that the anti-CO activity of FANCM is conserved across the Brassica, opening new avenues to make a wider range of genetic diversity accessible to crop improvement.
Qualitative estimates of medial temporal atrophy as a predictor of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a high likelihood of progressing to dementia within 3 to 5 years, but not all individuals with MCI progress to dementia. Prognostic uncertainty suggests the need for additional measures to assist the clinician. OBJECTIVE To assess the added value of qualitative measures of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) to estimate the relative risk of progressing from MCI to dementia. DESIGN A 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study initially designed to evaluate the efficacy of donepezil hydrochloride or vitamin E vs placebo to delay progression of MCI to dementia. SETTING Memory assessment centers. PATIENTS A total of 190 individuals with MCI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ratings of MTA performed using magnetic resonance images obtained at baseline. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards ratios examining the significance of MTA estimates in predicting progression of MCI to dementia. RESULTS A mean MTA score greater than 2.0 was associated with a greater than 2-fold increased likelihood of progression to dementia during the observation period (hazards ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-4.92; P = .03) after controlling for age, education, sex, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score. CONCLUSIONS Adjusted estimates of MTA were associated with significantly increased risk of developing dementia within 3 years, suggesting that obtaining a magnetic resonance image during the evaluation of MCI may offer additional independent information about the risk of progression to dementia. Given the relatively high prevalence of MCI in the general population, use of this method as part of routine clinical evaluation may help identify individuals who might benefit from increased surveillance and future treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000173.
HRM, organizational culture and entrepreneurial capabilities: The role of individual and collective knowledge processes

The capacities for acquiring, integrating and exploiting new knowledge and capabilities exert significant influence on long run organizational performance and growth. In this study we develop and test a theoretical framework that links individual and collective human capital with these capabilities. Prior research suggests that the development and organization of human capital at an individual and collective level are influential upon knowledge flows. We hypothesize that HRM and organizational cultural characteristics that emphasize strong individualist values influence entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition, while those that emphasize collectivist values influence cooperative knowledge integration. HRM practices are hypothesized to directly influence knowledge processes, and also to mediate the influence of organizational culture on knowledge processes. We hypothesize that knowledge acquisition and integration processes are positively related to the exploitation of new knowledge through creation of new products and services. We test these hypotheses on data obtained from multiple respondents in a sample of 81 small and medium sized manufacturing firms. The study results provide support for these hypotheses and indicate that a form of behavioral ambidexterity is needed in order for human capital to promote knowledge-based entrepreneurial capabilities. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
CacheCard: caching static and dynamic content on the NIC

CacheCard is a NIC-based cache for static and dynamic web content in a way that allows for implementation on simple devices like NICs. It requires neither understanding of the way dynamic data is generated, nor execution of scripts on the cache. By monitoring file system activity and potential non-determinism incurred by scripts, we determine all data sources for specific requests. For instance, if a deterministic script opens a set of files or a database tables, these files and tables, as well as the script itself will be in the set of data sources for this URL. Caching the dynamic data is possible, since we can invalidate cache entries when any of the sources changes. Non-deterministic scripts that produce content based on time or random values are automatically recognised and flagged as non-cacheable. We implemented CacheCard on Intel IXP2400 network processors.
Evaluating code‐based test input generator tools

In recent years, several tools have been developed to automatically select test inputs from the code of the system under test. However, each of these tools has different advantages, and there is a little detailed feedback available on the actual capabilities of the various tools. To evaluate test input generators, this paper collects a set of programming language concepts that should be handled by the tools and maps these core concepts and challenging features like handling the environment or multi‐threading to 363 code snippets, respectively. These snippets would serve as inputs for the tools. Next, the paper presents SETTE, an automated framework to execute and evaluate these snippets. Using SETTE, multiple experiments were performed on five Java and one . NET‐based tools using symbolic execution, search‐based, and random techniques. The test suites' coverage, size, generation time, and mutation score were compared. The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each tool and approach and identify hard code parts that are difficult to tackle for most of the tools. We hope that this research could serve as actionable feedback to tool developers and help practitioners assess the readiness of test input generation.
Nita Umashankar , Raji Srinivasan and Dustin Hindman Internal Innovation Magnitude Developing Customer Service Innovations for Service Employees : The Effects of NSD Characteristics on

During product recovery, firms rely on their customer service agents to recover customers’ product failures and deliver superior customer service. However, customers who contact the firm about a product failure often are dissatisfied, which makes customer service agents’ jobs challenging. Therefore, firms continuously try to improve their internal customer service operations to increase benefits for customer service agents and, by extension, their customers. The authors hypothesize that the way firms design (agent codesign and design acceleration) and implement (agent enablement) an internal customer service innovation has direct and joint effects on the magnitude of benefits of the innovation to customer service agents, termed internal innovation magnitude. The authors test the conceptual model using data on 38 internal customer service innovations at a Fortune 500 high-technology firm. The findings extend the internal marketing literature by demonstrating that service employees represent a critical source of user-generated feedback. The findings also contribute to marketing practice by suggesting that accelerating the design process not only saves costs but also increases benefits for the internal users of the innovation.
The Implications of Nasal Substitutions in the Early Phonology of Toddlers With Repaired Cleft Palate

Objective: To examine the implications of nasal substitutions in the early words of toddlers with cleft palate. Design: Retrospective. Patients: Thirty-four toddlers with nonsyndromic cleft palate and 20 noncleft toddlers, followed from ages 13 to 39 months. Main Outcome Measures: The groups were compared for the percentage of toddlers who produced nasal substitutions in their early words. The percentage of toddlers with repaired cleft palate who produced nasal substitutions and were later suspected of having velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) was also examined. Results: Seventy-six percent of the toddlers in the cleft group (n = 26) and 35% of toddlers in the noncleft group (n = 7) produced nasal substitutions on one or more of their early words. Only 38% (10/26) of the toddlers with cleft palate who produced nasal substitutions in their early words were later diagnosed as having moderate-severe hypernasality and suspected VPD. Conclusions: The presence of nasal substitutions following palatal surgery was not always an early sign of VPD. These substitutions were present in the early lexicon of children with and without cleft palate.
Effect of a Preoperative Preparation Program on Anxiety in School-age Children Undergoing Surgery Using a Factorial Design

Background: Surgery is a stressful experience in children. Therefore, the familiarization of this population with treatment processes by means of appropriate training tools and techniques can be an effective way to control their anxiety. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a preoperative preparation program on anxiety in school-age children undergoing surgery using a factorial design. Method: This clinical trial was conducted on 81 children aged 6-12 years as candidates for elective surgery at Doctor Sheikh Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. A preparation program was implemented with two methods (i.e., displaying video tutorials with and without nursesâ�� explanations) and on two different days (i.e., prior to and on the day of operation) using a factorial design. The estimation of childrenâ��s anxiety was accomplished by using the Revised Childrenâ��s Manifest Anxiety Scale administered before training and prior to operating room admission. The data were analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: The study groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was no significant differences among the four groups regarding manifest anxiety based on the place of referral (i.e., department or clinic) (P=0.22), presentation or non-presentation of explanations by nurses (P=0.12), and their interaction effects (P=0.22). Implications for Practice: No significant difference was observed among the four groups in terms of manifest anxiety. Therefore, all four training methods were effective in reducing anxiety in children. Consequently, each of these methods can be used depending on human resources and infrastructure of each department.
The minimum of a branching random walk outside the boundary case

This paper is a complement to the studies on the minimum of a real-valued branching random walk. In the boundary case (Biggins, Kyprianou 2005), A\"{i}d\'ekon in a seminal paper (2013) obtained the convergence in law of the minimum after a suitable renormalization. We study here the situation when the log-generating function of the branching random walk explodes at some positive point and it cannot be reduced to the boundary case. In the associated thermodynamics framework this corresponds to a first order phase transition, while the boundary case corresponds to a second order phase transition.
The left side of courage: Three exploratory studies on the antecedents of social courage

Abstract Courage has been linked to important workplace outcomes, but little is known about the antecedents of courage. To identify possible methods to develop a more courageous workforce, the current article provides initial evidence regarding the antecedents of behavioral social courage from five broad categories: personality, job characteristics, leadership, culture, and demographic characteristics. Three exploratory studies show that certain antecedents from these categories have a significant relationship with behavioral social courage, including grit, proactive personality (personality), social support (job characteristics), empowering leadership (leadership), power distance (culture), and age (demographics). Perceived courage benefits and risks did not mediate the effect of most antecedents on behavioral social courage. These results suggest that certain antecedents may influence behavioral social courage, but the mediators of these relationships remain unknown. Further implications and directions for future research are discussed.