Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids in a veteran sample.

BACKGROUND The International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) was developed as a global hearing aid outcome measure targeting seven outcome domains. The published norms were based on a private-pay sample who were fitted with analog hearing aids. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IOI-HA and to establish normative data in a veteran sample. RESEARCH DESIGN Survey. STUDY SAMPLE The participants were 131 male veterans (mean age of 74.3 years, SD = 7.4) who were issued hearing aids with digital signal processing (DSP). INTERVENTION Hearing aids with DSP that were fitted bilaterally between 2005 and 2007. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Veterans were mailed two copies of the IOI-HA. The participants were instructed to complete the first copy of the questionnaire immediately and the second copy in two weeks. The completed questionnaires were mailed to the laboratory. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated. As suggested by Cox and colleagues, the participants were divided into two categories based on their unaided subjective hearing difficulty. The two categories were (1) those with less hearing difficulty (none-to-moderate category) and (2) those who report more hearing difficulty (moderately severe+ category). The norms from the current veteran sample then were compared to the original, published sample. For each hearing difficulty category, the critical difference values were calculated for each item and for the total score. RESULTS A factor analysis showed that the IOI-HA in the veteran sample had the identical subscale structure as reported in the original sample. For the total scale, the internal consistency was good (Chronbach's alpha = 0.83), and the test-retest reliability was high (lambda = 0.94). Group and individual norms were developed for both hearing difficulty categories in the veteran sample. For each IOI-HA item, the critical difference scores were < 1.0. This finding suggests that for any item on the IOI-HA, there is a 95 percent chance that an observed change of one response unit between two test sessions reflects a true change in outcome for a given domain. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed that the psychometric properties of the IOI-HA questionnaire are strong and are essentially the same for the veteran sample and the original private-pay sample. The veteran norms, however, produced higher outcomes than those established originally, possibly because of differences in the population samples and/or hearing aid technology. Clinical and research applications of the current findings are presented. Based on the results from the current study, the norms established here should replace the original norms for use in veterans with current hearing aid technology.
Continuous-speech phone recognition from ultrasound and optical images of the tongue and lips

The article describes a video-only speech recognition system for a “silent speech interface” application, using ultrasound and optical images of the voice organ. A one-hour audiovisual speech corpus was phonetically labeled using an automatic speech alignment procedure and robust visual feature extraction techniques. HMM-based stochastic models were estimated separately on the visual and acoustic corpus. The performance of the visual speech recognition system is compared to a traditional acoustic-based recognizer.
Case for hybrid "fetal growth curves": a population-based estimation of normal fetal size across gestational age.

We hypothesized that normal fetal size would be most appropriately characterized by a hybrid cross-sectional growth chart combining preterm (< 37 weeks) ultrasound-estimated fetal weights and full-term (> or = 37 weeks) birthweights. Concurrent cross-sectional charts defining fetal size were constructed from 1,331 ultrasound-estimated fetal weights (US) (24-40 weeks) and 9,553 birthweights (BW) (24-43 weeks) from a population of singleton offspring without anomalies. Percentile ranks (10th-90th) were established for both charts. Best-fit third-order equations generated by least-squares regression analysis were compared between the two growth charts. Weight distributions (percentile ranks) were compared separately across gestational age, and for preterm and term gestation. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square analysis where appropriate with P < . 05 accepted for significance. The BW standard failed to appropriately characterize ultrasound-estimated fetal weight across gestational age. (US: < 10th%, n = 42 [3.1%]; 10-90th%, n = 978 [73.5%]; > 90th%, n = 311 [23.4%], P < .001). The characterization of both preterm and term weights was significantly different between fetal size curves. The birthweight growth curve limited the designation of fetal growth restriction (< 10th%) in the preterm ultrasound group to 1.6% of subjects examined (n = 17, P < .001). In contrast, at term the ultrasound estimation of normal fetal weight (between the 10th and 90th percentiles) included 84% of the term birthweights (P < .05). Cross-sectional sonographically defined fetal size curves provide optimal characterization of preterm fetal weight as estimated by ultrasound. In term gestation, a normative size chart derived from ultrasound estimated fetal weight appears to broaden or overrepresent the tails of the distribution. Hybrid size curves, combining preterm ultrasound estimated fetal weight and term birthweight, provide the best estimate of the normal range of fetal weight across gestational age.
Electrically Evoked Auditory Brain Stem Responses for Lateral and Medial Placement of the Clarion HiFocus Electrode

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the electrically evoked auditory brain stem response (EABR) for lateral and medial placement of the Clarion HiFocus cochlear implant electrode array via the electrode positioning system (EPS). Design Twenty-five adult and pediatric cochlear implant recipients participated in the study. Intraoperatively recorded EABRs were evoked by stimuli via three intracochlear electrodes representing apical, medial, and basal locations, and responses were elicited before and after positioner insertion. Evoked potential measures of wave V amplitude and threshold were examined for statistical significance using ANOVA for repeated measures and Chi-Square methods. Results For a given supra-threshold stimulus level, the increase in EABR wave V amplitude was significantly larger after EPS placement compared to before EPS placement for electrodes 1 (apical) and 13 (basal). Likewise, when the stimulus was decreased to obtain a minimal amplitude, the wave V threshold was significantly lower after EPS placement for electrodes 7 (medial) and 13. The number of measurements that showed decreased wave V threshold after EPS insertion was significantly dependent on intracochlear electrode location. Conclusions Placement of the Clarion Electrode Positioning System following HiFocus electrode insertion resulted in a reduction in the electrical current required to activate the auditory system. The effect of the EPS was greatest for the basal location, demonstrated by lower wave V thresholds and a larger percentage increase in wave V amplitude. The EABR reflected electrophysiologic changes relative to lateral-to-medial changes in intracochlear electrode position due to the EPS.
Constructing Quasi-linear V O 2 Responses from Nonlinear Parameters Wilcox: Conceptualization, Data Collection and Processing, and Writing Broxterman: Conceptualization, Statistics Barstow: Conceptualization, Editing Linear V O 2 Response from Non-linear Parameters Corresponding Author: Department o

Constructing quasi-linear VO2 responses from nonlinear parameters 1 JAPPL-00507-2015R2 2 3 Wilcox, Samuel L.1, Broxterman, Ryan M.2, Barstow, Thomas J.1 4 5 6 1 Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, U.S.A. 7 2 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, U.S.A. 8 9 Wilcox: Conceptualization, data collection and processing, and writing 10 Broxterman: Conceptualization, statistics 11 Barstow: Conceptualization, editing 12 13 Running Head: 14 Linear VO2 Response from Non-Linear Parameters 15 16 Corresponding Author: 17 Barstow, Thomas J. 18 tbarsto@ksu.edu 19 Department of Kinesiology 20 1A Natatorium 21 Manhattan, KS 66506 22 Articles in PresS. J Appl Physiol (November 12, 2015). doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00507. 2015
Mental Health Problems of Dutch Youth With Hearing Loss as Shown on the Youth Self Report

The prevalence of mental health problems among youth with hearing loss was assessed with an adjusted version of the Dutch rendition of the Youth Self Report, or YSR (Achenbach, 1991). The sample totaled 202 youth, aged 11–18 years, with auditory disabilities. The prevalence rates of externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and moderate to severe overall mental health problems were found to be 2–3 times higher than in a normative sample. Deaf participants scored significantly higher than hard of hearing participants in these areas. Mainstreamed participants scored significantly lower than peers in schools for the deaf or for the hard of hearing. Participants with low IQ scores showed significantly more internalizing and social problems than those with moderate to high scores. The adjusted YSR is recommended for screening in schools and in mental health services for youth with hearing loss for prevention and early intervention.
On “Having Been There”: “Eyewitnessing” as a Journalistic Key Word

This article tracks the evolution of “eyewitnessing” as a journalistic key word. It argues that three dimensions have helped establish eyewitnessing as a way to understand journalism—the eyewitness as report, eyewitness as role, and eyewitness as technology. These dimensions have functioned as different carriers of meaning about journalism over time, establishing a seemingly consensual understanding of journalism and journalistic practice while strengthening journalism's claim to authority in questionable circumstances.
Which Knowledge and Skills Should Psychology Graduates Have? Balancing the Needs of the Individual, Employers, the Science and the Profession

Abstract This paper considers the past and current work of the Course Development and Accreditation Committee of APS in developing guidelines for the accreditation of undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology in Australia. It spells out the Society's assumptions about what skills and knowledge psychology graduates should have and why, and reports on a small survey of CDAC members' views. The case is argued for changes in the content and focus of psychology courses to meet changing needs and to balance the interests of the individual, employers, the science, and die profession.
Social Cognition and Social Anxiety Among Icelandic Schoolchildren

ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this study is to examine relationships among social cognition, social anxiety, and social skills with friends and strangers in children. Ninety-two children (age 10–14 years) in Iceland completed questionnaires on social anxiety, social skills, assertiveness, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy in social situations with friends and strangers. Children reported higher self-efficacy, more positive outcome expectancies, and higher assertion when interacting with friends than strangers. Results also indicate that self-efficacy with friends and self-efficacy with strangers significantly predicted social anxiety. Self-efficacy with friends (but not strangers) also predicted social skills as reported by the children and their parents. On the other hand, self-efficacy with strangers predicted assertiveness with strangers. Outcome expectancy with friends also contributed to the prediction of self reported and parent-reported social skills. Findings are discussed with regard to the importance of social cognition for the development of social anxiety and social skills.
Parity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Background Association between parity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been investigated by several epidemiological studies but results are controversial, yet a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of this association has not been reported so far. Methods Relevant published studies of parity and CRC were identified using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases through end of April 2013. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Eleven prospective studies reported relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC risk associated with parity. We pooled the RR from individual studies using fixed- or random-effects models and carried out heterogeneity and publication bias analyses. Results The summary RR for the ever parity vs. nulliparous was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88–1.02), with no heterogeneity (Q = 9.04, P = 0.443, I 2 = 0.5%). Likewise, no significant association was yielded for the highest vs. lowest parity number (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89–1.17), with moderate heterogeneity (Q = 17.48, P = 0.094, I 2 = 37.1%). Dose-response analysis still indicated no effect of parity on CRC risk and the summary RR of per one livebirth was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96–1.02), with moderate of heterogeneity (Q = 16.50, P<0.021, I 2 = 57.6%). Similar results were observed among all the subgroup analyses. No evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity between subgroups were detected by meta-regression analyses. Conclusion Results of this dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies found that there was little evidence of an association between parity and CRC risk.
Two recent (2003) international surveys of schooling attainments in mathematics: England’s problems

The two recent (2003) international surveys of pupils’ attainments were uncoordinated, overlapped considerably, were costly and wasteful, especially from the point of view of England where inadequate response‐rates meant that no reliable comparisons at all could be made with other countries. The surveys were conducted by the OECD (Programme of International Student Assessment—PISA) and by the US‐based International Educational Assessment group (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study—TIMSS). Sources of the problem are investigated.
Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity?

The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, which is cause for concern because obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, reduces life expectancy, and impairs quality of life. A better understanding of the risk factors for obesity is therefore a critical global health concern, and human biologists can play an important role in identifying these risk factors in various populations. The objective of this review is to present the evidence that inadequate sleep may be a novel risk factor associated with increased vulnerability to obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease. Experimental studies have found that short‐term sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, dysregulation of appetite, and increased blood pressure. Observational studies have observed cross‐sectional associations between short sleep duration (generally <6 h per night) and increased body mass index or obesity, prevalent diabetes, and prevalent hypertension. Some studies also reported an association between self‐reported long sleep duration (generally >8 h per night) and cardiometabolic disease. A few prospective studies have found a significant increased risk of weight gain, incident diabetes, and incident hypertension associated with inadequate sleep. Given the potential link between inadequate sleep and obesity, a critical next step is to identify the social, cultural, and environmental determinants of sleep, which would help to identify vulnerable populations. Future human biology research should consider variation in sleep characteristics among different populations and determine whether the associations between sleep and obesity observed in Western populations persist elsewhere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Contemporary Basis for the Social-Psychological Training of Social Workers

Our domestic system for training a type of professional new to our society, namely, the specialist in social work, is faced with a number of urgent tasks, including satisfying the social demand for suitably trained social workers, the growth in the prestige of this profession, and the creation among the population of an adequate demand for social services.
Admissions Roulette: Predictive Factors for Success in Practice

Abstract This paper describes the construction of a multivariate predictive index of student field performance to be used as an admissions tool in graduate schools of social work. Using student data available at time of admission, and employing the statistical techniques of factor analysis and multiple regression, the authors developed an index that explained more than 38 percent of the variance in student field performance. This index measures the simultaneous effect on field performance of (1) a measure of the student's intellectual ability, (2) the quality of the student's undergraduate school, (3) the student's prior work experience, and (4) the student's sex.
Antinociceptive and antiamnesic properties of the presynaptic cholinergic amplifier PG-9.

The antinociceptive effect of 3 alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate [(+/-)-PG-9] (10-40 mg kg-1 s.c.; 30-60 mg kg-1 p.o.; 10-30 mg kg-1 i.v.; 10-30 micrograms/mouse i.c.v.) was examined in mice, rats and guinea pigs by use of the hot-plate, abdominal-constriction, tail-flick and paw-pressure tests. (+/-)-PG-9 antinociception peaked 15 min after injection and then slowly diminished. The antinociception produced by (+/-)-PG-9 was prevented by the unselective muscarinic antagonist atropine, the M1-selective antagonists pirenzepine and dicyclomine and the acetylcholine depletor hemicholinium-3, but not by the opioid antagonist naloxone, the gamma-aminobutyric acidB antagonist 3-aminopropyl-diethoxy-methyl-phosphinic acid, the H3 agonist R-(alpha)-methylhistamine, the D2 antagonist quinpirole, the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 antagonist 2-methoxy-4-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester hydrochloride, the 5-hydroxytryptamin1A antagonist 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine hydrobromide and the polyamines depletor reserpine. Based on these data, it can be postulated that (+/-)-PG-9 exerted an antinociceptive effect mediated by a central potentiation of cholinergic transmission. (+/-)-PG-9 (10-40 mg kg-1 i.p.) was able to prevent amnesia induced by scopolamine (1 mg kg-1 i.p.) and dicyclomine (2 mg kg-1 i.p.) in the mouse passive-avoidance test. Affinity profiles of (+/-)-PG-9 for muscarinic receptor subtypes, determined by functional studies (rabbit vas deferens for M1, guinea pig atrium for M2, guinea pig ileum for M3 and immature guinea pig uterus for putative M4), have shown an M4/M1 selectivity ratio of 10.2 that might be responsible for the antinociception and the anti-amnesic effect induced by (+/-)-PG-9 through an increase in acetylcholine extracellular levels. In the antinociceptive and antiamnesic dose range, (+/-)-PG-9 did not impair mouse performance evaluated by the rota-rod test and Animex apparatus.
Effects of Multimedia Instruction on Teaching Functional Discrimination Skills to Students with Moderate/Severe Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract The present study used a multiple probe across subjects design to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimedia computer-based instructional program in establishing match-to-sample skills, as well as to evaluate the subsequent generalisation of those skills to the natural setting. Specifically, the program used photographs depicting target stimuli (i.e., cereal boxes as they appear on grocery store shelves) in an attempt to increase the likelihood that selection of specified cereal boxes would generalise to the grocery stores in the community. In vivo probes were conducted to evaluate any generalisation of the discriminations. Results indicated that the mean and median durations to find target cereals decreased concomitant with an increase in the number of cereals found. The results are discussed in relationship to using computer-based instruction to increase the degree to which learners' skills generalise to community settings.
Cultivated Emotions: Parental Socialization of Positive Emotions and Self-Conscious Emotions

By adulthood, nearly all the emotions a person experiences are, to some degree, socialized. People' s parents play an immense role in socializing emotions (with both good and bad outcomes), and the model developed by Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad provides the most comprehensive framework to date for understanding how parents accomplish this. However, like many models of emotion processes, theirs is largely built around a subset of emotions: fear, anger, and sadness (and their conceptual cousins anxiety, hostility, and distress). Granted, these most prototypic and salient emotions demand analysis, but, as I have argued elsewhere (Fredrickson, 1998), the practice of building models solely around emotion prototypes can inadvertently obscure understanding of emotions and related processes that are less prototypic. Because my own research targets less prototypic emotions, including positive emotions (Fredrickson, 1998; Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998; Fredrickson, Mancuso, Branigan, & Tugade, 1998) and self-conscious emotions (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997; Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998; Noll & Fredrickson, 1998), I worked to see how these might fit the model offered. In doing so, I found it helpful both to expand the authors' implicit conceptualization of emotion socialization, and to delineate additional emotion-relevant socialization behaviors (ERSBs). In short, I found that taking positive emotions and self-conscious emotions into account illuminated new facets of the ways parents socialize emotions. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce these new facets.
POWER RELATIONS IN THE SAMARIA OSTRACA

Abstract Whereas recent studies have correctly identified a clan-based social structure presumed in the place names of the Samaria Ostraca, an analysis of the power relations within these structures has not been sufficiently developed. Approaching the evidence from a consumption perspective of the commodities for yn yšn (‘aged wine’) and šmn rḥṣ (‘washed oil’) suggests that the economic significance of these items is tied to complex social interactions. Specifically, both archaeological and ethnographic studies associate such prestige commodities with elite feasting and ceremonial displays. By gifting these items, the central power engaged in a form of ‘competitive feasting’ to secure political capital for future use from clan leaders of the periphery of Samaria. Accordingly, the Samaria Ostraca hint at the use of redistributive mechanisms to secure power relations at elite gatherings.
HSP70 expression in the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus across altitudes and temperatures

The ability to express heat‐shock proteins (HSP) under thermal stress is an essential mechanism for ectotherms to cope with unfavourable conditions. In this study, we investigate if Copper butterflies originating from different altitudes and/or being exposed to different rearing and induction temperatures show differences in HSP70 expression. HSP70 expression increased substantially at the higher rearing temperature in low‐altitude butterflies, which might represent an adaptation to occasionally occurring heat spells. On the other hand, high‐altitude butterflies showed much less plasticity in response to rearing temperatures, and overall seem to rely more on genetically fixed thermal stress resistance. Whether the latter indicates a higher vulnerability of high‐altitude populations to global warming needs further investigation. HSP70 expression increased with both colder and warmer induction temperatures.