Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bottleneck effects in turbulence: Scaling phenomena in r versus p space.

We (analytically) calculate the energy spectrum corresponding to various experimental and numerical turbulence data analyzed by Benzi et al. We find two bottleneck phenomena: While the local scaling exponent zeta r(r) of the structure function decreases monotonically, the local scaling exponent zeta p(p) of the corresponding spectrum has a minimum of zeta p(pmin) ~ 0.45 at pmin ~ (10 eta )-1 and a maximum of zeta p(pmax) ~ 0.77 at pmax ~ 8L-1. A physical argument starting from the constant energy flux in p space reveals the general mechanism underlying the energy pileups at both ends of the p-space scaling range. In the case studied here, they are induced by viscous dissipation and the reduced spectral strength on the scale of the system size, respectively.
Newspapers and the Internet: A uses and gratifications perspective

Applying a uses and gratifications perspective, this study examines interaction, surveillance, and diversion as uses associated with the Internet and newspapers. Different uses and gratifications were hypothesized for the two media. Students (N = 128) at a West Coast university were studied. Consistent with the hypotheses, there is a statistically significant preference for newspapers for surveillance and the Internet for diversion. As hypothesized also, the Internet is preferred for interaction, although the difference is not statistically significant. This study also initiates an examination of previously unexplored complementary media uses in gratification-seeking behaviour. Deur die toepassing van die gebruiks- en beloningsteorie, ondersoek hierdie artikel interaksie, waarneming en afleiding as maniere om die Internet en koerante te gebruik. Verskillende gebruike en belonings is gestel vir die twee media, en ‘n aantal studente is by die ondersoek betrek. Soos in die hipotese gestel, is daar ‘n belangrike voorkeur bevind vir koerante in terme van waarneming en die Internet in terme van afleiding. Die Internet word ook verkies vir interaksie, hoewel die verskil nie beduidend is nie.
Between Mobility and Belonging: Out-migrated Young Students’ Perspectives on Rural Areas in North Norway1

The relationship between people and places, and the meaning of place are changing in the context of modern society. Modernist theories emphasize the free choice of individuals, their construction of individual identities and the diminishing meaning of place. The latter is related to mobility, both as practice and ideal. Discussions about modernity are generally related to urban areas, while rural areas and local communities are associated with the past and tradition. The aim here is to nuance the image of the modern, free, detached individual primarily associated with urban areas. By taking interviews with students from rural areas in Norway studying at a regional university in a small town in northern Norway as the empirical point of departure, how the students describe their relationship to their home place will be discussed. These descriptions will in different ways portray the kind of life they want to live, what possibilities and limitations they associate with rural areas, and how their home place is incorporated into their lives and their construction of identity. Instead of focusing on the detached individual, it is more rewarding to examine how individuals handle attachment and the changing meaning of place. Both mobility and individual freedom are central values in modern society. These values are, however, not absolute, but conditioned and must be contextualized.
AROUSAL, MEMORY, AND IMPRESSION-FORMATION EFFECTS OF ANIMATION SPEED IN WEB ADVERTISING

Animated advertisements on the Web come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors; they also animate at different speeds. Although recent studies have shown animated ads to be more effective than still ads, the role played by the rate of motion in animated ads has been neglected. An experiment was designed to address this issue by focusing specifically on the physiological and psychological effects of animation speeds in Web ads. Hypotheses derived from motion effects, excitation transfer, limited capacity, and vividness effects theories were tested via a mixed-design experiment wherein participants (N = 47) were exposed to both slow-paced and fast-paced animated ads in one of two sequences (fast then slow, or slow then fast). Arousal was monitored during reception, while memory, conation, and impression formation were measured via a postexposure paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Results indicate that animation speed is a psychologically significant variable. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
An Emic Approach to Intersectional Study of Diversity at Work: A Bourdieuan Framing

This paper presents an emic approach, which is sensitive to the emergence of new categories of difference, in intersectional study of workforce diversity. The paper first provides a comprehensive review of the literature on diversity at work in the business and management field, identifying that this literature is predominantly etic in nature, as it focuses on pre-established, rather than emergent, categories of difference. Next, an emic approach to researching diversity at work is offered. In offering an emic approach, the key distinction the paper makes is the direction of the investigation. Unlike the dominant etic approach, which adopts pre-established (ex ante) diversity categories, the emic perspective proposed identifies emergent and situated categories of diversity ex post, as embedded in a specific time and place. In order to operationalize the emic approach, the use of the Bourdieuan theory of capitals is suggested, and a five-step research guide is presented.
iFamily: Internet and Social Media Technology in the Family Context

The internet has become a major research focus across disciplines and studies report both risks and benefits of use. However, less research explores family technology dynamics from an ecological perspective and how internet use occurring within and outside the family microsystem relates to individual and family well-being. This study explores parents’ and adolescents’ use of the internet and other technology in terms of family connectedness and parent–child dynamics. Data are derived from the Pew Internet & American Life Project’s Networked Families 2008 surveys (n = 386) and Parents & Teens 2006 (n = 696). Results illustrate how social media technology has the potential to strengthen family bonds. In addition, how parents and adolescents negotiate the role of the internet in their families has implications for adolescent exposure to potential harm from outside the family system. Future directions are offered for exploring families and technology from a dynamic and multisystemic perspective.
Impact of Cultural Influences on Internet Adoption

This research illustrates the importance of investigating the impact of cultural influences on Internet adoption. Two constructs related to cultural identification (national and ethnic) are elaborated based on orthogonal cultural identification theory. Another construct related to acculturation to the global culture is developed to provide a dynamic view of culture. Members of two different ethnic groups living in an emerging country completed a total of 307 questionnaires analyzed by estimating a structural model with PLS. For both groups, national and ethnic identification had a negative impact on acculturation to the global culture which had a positive influence on the intention to adopt the Internet. Only ethnic identification had a negative impact on the intention to adopt the Internet whereas national identification had no impact. Our results indicate that taken cultural influences improves our understanding of IT adoption.
Factors Associated with Development of Vitiligo in Patients with Halo Nevus

Background: Halo nevus (HN) has been shown to be associated with vitiligo, but no standard signs are currently available to identify HN patients at risk of vitiligo, and the relevant data obtained in previous studies are somewhat conflicting. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the presence of vitiligo in HN patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients with HN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2011 and December 2016. Detailed demographic and clinical data were collected to identify the factors associated with the presence of vitiligo in this cohort of patients using uni- and multi-variate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 212 HN patients were included, 101 of whom had vitiligo-associated HN (HNV). Univariate analysis indicated that a personal history of thyroid diseases was positively associated with HNV (odds ratio [OR] = 10.761, P = 0.025), while the onset age of HN was negatively associated with HNV (OR = 0.537, P = 0.026). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the Koebner phenomenon (KP; OR = 10.632, P < 0.0001), multiple HN (OR = 3.918, P < 0.0001), and a familial history of vitiligo (OR = 3.222, P = 0.014) were independent factors associated with HNV. Conclusions: HN without vitiligo has clinical features distinct from HN associated with vitiligo. HN patients with KP, multiple lesions, or familial history of vitiligo are more likely to develop vitiligo and therefore should be monitored for clinical signs of such accompanied conditions.
Disorders of Affect Regulation: Alexithymia in Medical and Psychiatric Illness

Foreword James S. Grotstein Acknowledgements Introduction Graeme Taylor 1. The development and regulation of affects Graeme Taylor, Michael Bagby and James Parker 2. Affect dysregulation and alexithymia Michael Bagby and Graeme Taylor 3. Measurement and validation of the alexithymia construct Michael Bagby and Graeme Taylor 4. Relations between alexithymia, personality, and affects James Parker and Graeme Taylor 5. The neurobiology of emotion, affect regulation and alexithymia James Parker and Graeme Taylor 6. Somatoform disorders Graeme Taylor 7. Anxiety and depressive disorders and a note on personality disorders Michael Bagby and Graeme Taylor 8. Substance use disorders Graeme Taylor 9. Eating disorders Graeme Taylor 10. Affects and alexithymia in medical illness and disease Graeme Taylor 11. Treatment considerations Graeme Taylor 12. Future directions James Parker, Michael Bagby and Graeme Taylor References Index.
Modeling and analysis of some methods of entomological data collection

In current publication the stochastic model of individual migrations within the limits of closed domain and processes of data collections using in entomology are considered. The behavior of data variation with respect to changing of population size is analyzed. In particular, it was shown that dependence of standard deviations has a non-linear character under the population density increasing. It was also shown that confidence level to datasets of population density which were obtained with traditional methods and under the low value of population density must be extremely low.
Cystadenomas of the liver: a spectrum of disease.

OBJECTIVES To describe the wide variation in presentation of cystadenomas of the liver and to delineate useful tests for diagnosis and effective surgical treatment. DESIGN A case series. SETTING A university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS Four patients (3 women, 1 man) having cystadenoma of the liver, 2 of whom had associated mesenchymal stroma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum and cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 levels, type of surgery, morbidity and recurrence rates. RESULTS Cyst fluid CEA and CA19-9 levels were elevated. One patient had resection, 2 had complete enucleation and 1 had partial enucleation. There were no deaths. Morbidity included 1 wound infection; there were no biliary fistulas. The patient with partial enucleation had a radiologically confirmed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of cyst fluid CEA and CA19-9 is useful for diagnosis; besides hepatic resection, complete enucleation should be considered as a reasonable treatment for patients with this disease.
On the relationship between lower extremity muscles activation and peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces during single leg drop landing.

AIM Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury continues to be an important medical issue for athletes participating in sports. Vertical and posterior ground reaction forces have received considerable attention for their potential influence on ACL injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between electromyographic activity of lower extremity muscles and the peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces during single leg drop landing. METHODS Thirteen physical education male students participated in this correlation study. Electromyographic activities of gluteus medius, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, soleus as well as anterior tibialis muscles along with ground reaction forces were measured. Participants performed single-leg landing from a 0.3 m height on to a force platform. Landing was divided into two phases: 100 ms preceding ground contact and 100 ms proceeding ground contact. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationships between these muscles activity and peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces. RESULTS The results of the study indicated that the activity of soleus and tibialis anterior in pre-landing phase were positively correlated with peak vertical ground reaction force ([P≤0.04], [P≤0.008], respectively). However, no significant correlation was found between the activities of other muscles in pre-landing phase and peak vertical as well as peak posterior ground reaction forces. Also, no significant correlation was found between the activities of muscles in post-landing phase and peak vertical as well as peak posterior ground reaction forces. CONCLUSION Soleus loading shifts the proximal tibia posterior at the knee joint and tibialis anterior prevent hyperporonation of the ankle, a mechanisms of ACL injury. Hence, neuromuscular training promoting preparatory muscle activity in these muscles may reduce the incidence of ACL injuries.
Gating of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels by Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis

Gating of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) involves a coordinated action of ATP on two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2). Previous studies using nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues and NBD mutant CFTR have suggested that nucleotide hydrolysis at NBD1 is required for opening of the channel, while hydrolysis of nucleotides at NBD2 controls channel closing. We studied ATP-dependent gating of CFTR in excised inside-out patches from stably transfected NIH3T3 cells. Single channel kinetics of CFTR gating at different [ATP] were analyzed. The closed time constant (τc) decreased with increasing [ATP] to a minimum value of ∼0.43 s at [ATP] >1.00 mM. The open time constant (τo) increased with increasing [ATP] with a minimal τo of ∼260 ms. Kinetic analysis of K1250A-CFTR, a mutant that abolishes ATP hydrolysis at NBD2, reveals the presence of two open states. A short open state with a time constant of ∼250 ms is dominant at low ATP concentrations (10 μM) and a much longer open state with a time constant of ∼3 min is present at millimolar ATP. These data suggest that nucleotide binding and hydrolysis at NBD1 is coupled to channel opening and that the channel can close without nucleotide interaction with NBD2. A quantitative cyclic gating scheme with microscopic irreversibility was constructed based on the kinetic parameters derived from single-channel analysis. The estimated values of the kinetic parameters suggest that NBD1 and NBD2 are neither functionally nor biochemically equivalent.
The Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS): Phases 2 and 3

Abstract The World Climate Research Programme Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) is moving into its second and third phases that will exploit observational data and consider the performance of land surface schemes when coupled to their host climate models. The first stage of phase 2 will focus on an attempt to understand the large differences found during phase 1. The first site from which observations will be drawn for phase 2 intercomparisons is Cabauw, the Netherlands (51°58°N, 4°56′E), selected specifically to try to reduce one of the causes of the divergence among the phase 1 results: the initialization of the deep soil moisture. Cabauw's deep soil is saturated throughout the year. It also offers a quality controlled set of meteorological forcing and 160 days of flux measurements. PILPS phase 2 follows the form of the phase 1 intercomparisons: simple off-line integrations and comparisons, but in phase 2 participating schemes’ results will be compared against .
Evaluation of linearly solvable Markov decision process with dynamic model learning in a mobile robot navigation task

Linearly solvable Markov Decision Process (LMDP) is a class of optimal control problem in which the Bellman's equation can be converted into a linear equation by an exponential transformation of the state value function (Todorov, 2009b). In an LMDP, the optimal value function and the corresponding control policy are obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem in a discrete state space or an eigenfunction problem in a continuous state using the knowledge of the system dynamics and the action, state, and terminal cost functions. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the LMDP framework in real robot control, in which the dynamics of the body and the environment have to be learned from experience. We first perform a simulation study of a pole swing-up task to evaluate the effect of the accuracy of the learned dynamics model on the derived the action policy. The result shows that a crude linear approximation of the non-linear dynamics can still allow solution of the task, despite with a higher total cost. We then perform real robot experiments of a battery-catching task using our Spring Dog mobile robot platform. The state is given by the position and the size of a battery in its camera view and two neck joint angles. The action is the velocities of two wheels, while the neck joints were controlled by a visual servo controller. We test linear and bilinear dynamic models in tasks with quadratic and Guassian state cost functions. In the quadratic cost task, the LMDP controller derived from a learned linear dynamics model performed equivalently with the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR). In the non-quadratic task, the LMDP controller with a linear dynamics model showed the best performance. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the LMDP framework in real robot control even when simple linear models are used for dynamics learning.
Suggesting a theoretical framework to curb ‘ the planning fallacy ’ element in transport policies of New Zealand and Pakistan

Studies reveal that investments in urban roads have been justified on the basis of factors such as economic development, congestion relief, time saving, increased safety and better social and environmental outcomes. The critics, however, think that increased investments in urban roads and state highways result in additional congestion and parking problems. These factors then impede economic development and sometimes leave reverse development impacts. An analysis of urban transport policies of New Zealand and Pakistan reveals that both the countries are making huge investments in building roads. The two countries consider roads investments as vital for economic growth, development and productivity. New Zealand does have a better transport policy institutional structure than Pakistan resulting in better transport policymaking and implementation mechanisms both at national and local levels. Pakistan lacks institutional capacity to formulate a coherent transport policy document both at federal and provincial levels. New Zealand and Pakistan, being developed and developing countries respectively, have different institutional structures but their transport policies lay greater emphasis on building roads. A critical transport policy review the two countries suggest the presence of ‘planning fallacy’. Therefore, the question ‘why New Zealand and Pakistan experience the planning fallacy despite different transport policy institutional structures? ’ needs to be investigated. This paper aims to evaluate and look through various theoretical lenses to address this question.
Is there a difference in hip joint position sense between young and older groups?

BACKGROUND Joint position sense (JPS) in the knee has been shown by many authors to decline with age. It has been speculated that this decrease contributes to abnormal joint mechanics during load-bearing activities and putatively results in joint degeneration. Surprisingly little research has been conducted on the human hip to determine benchmarks for normal JPS. METHOD Fifty-nine community dwelling subjects, 30 young (mean age 21.7 years) and 29 older (mean age 75 years), were recruited to determine normal reference ranges for the effect of age on hip JPS. Active and passive repositioning tasks were performed in inner and outer ranges of the hip abduction plane of movement. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to obtain accurate error measurements of the angular displacement. RESULTS Results indicated no difference in hip JPS between the young and older subjects (F(1,57) = 0.011, p = . 917). However, it was found that for both age groups, accurate reproduction of position at the hip joint occurred in the inner range (F(1,57) = 13.760, p < . 001). For both groups, active repositioning was more accurate than passive (F(1,57) = 9.265, p = . 004). CONCLUSIONS In this study, no difference in hip JPS was found between young and older subjects. Accuracy was greater in the inner range, with active repositioning demonstrating higher precision compared to passive repositioning of the limb.
On a theorem of Jordan

The theorem of Jordan which I want to discuss here dates from 1872. It is an elementary result on finite groups of permutations. I shall first present its translations in Number Theory and Topology. 1. Statements 1.1. Number theory. Let f = ∑n m=0 amx m be a polynomial of degree n, with coefficients in Z. If p is prime, let Np(f) be the number of zeros of f in Fp = Z/pZ. Theorem 1. Assume (i) n ≥ 2, (ii) f is irreducible in Q[x]. Then (a) There are infinitely many p’s with Np(f) = 0. (b) The set P0(f) of p’s with Np(f) = 0 has a density c0 = c0(f) which is > 0. [Recall that a subset P of the set of primes has density c if lim X→∞ number of p ∈ P with p ≤ X π(X) = c, where π(X) is as usual the number of primes ≤ X . ] Moreover, Theorem 2. With the notation of Theorem 1, one has c0(f) ≥ 1 n , with strict inequality if n is not a power of a prime. Example. Let f = x + 1. One has p ∈ P0(f) if and only if p ≡ −1 (mod 4); this set is well-known to have density 1/2. We shall see more interesting examples in §5. 1.2. Topology. Let S1 be a circle. Let f : T → S be a finite covering of a topological space S. Assume: (i) f has degree n (i.e. every fiber of f has n elements), with n ≥ 2, (ii) T is arcwise connected and not empty. Theorem 3. There exists a continuous map φ : S1 → S which cannot be lifted to the covering T (i.e. there does not exist any continuous map ψ : S1 → T such that φ = f ◦ ψ). Received by the editors March 1, 2003. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 06-XX, 11-XX, 11F11. This text first appeared in Math Medley 29 (2002), 3–18. The writing was done with the help of Heng Huat Chan. c ©2002 Singapore Mathematical Society. Reprinted with permission.