Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement by Cytidine of Membrane Phospholipid Synthesis

Cytidine, as cytidine 5′‐diphosphate choline, is a major precursor in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in cell membranes. In the present study, we examined the relationships between extracellular levels of cytidine, the conversion of [14C]choline to [14C]phosphatidylcholine, and the net syntheses of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyleth‐anolamine by PC12 cells. The rate at which cytidine (as [3H]cytidine) was incorporated into the PC12 cells followed normal Michaelis‐Menten kinetics (Km= 5 μM; Vmax= 12 × 10−3 mmol/mg of protein/min) when the cytidine concentrations in the medium were below 50 μM; at higher concentrations, intracellular [3H]cytidine nucleotide levels increased linearly. Once inside the cell, cytidine was converted mainly into cytidine triphosphate. In pulse‐chase experiments, addition of cytidine to the medium caused a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase (by up to 30%) in the incorporation of [14C]choline into membrane [14C]‐phosphatidylcholine. When the PC12 cells were supplemented with both cytidine and choline for 14 h, small but significant elevations (p > 0.05) were observed in their absolute contents of membrane phosphatidylcholine, phospha‐tidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine, all increasing by 10–15% relative to their levels in cells incubated with choline alone. Exogenous cytidine, acting via cytidine triphosphate, can thus affect the synthesis and levels of cell membrane phospholipids.
Alliance Management Capability: An Investigation of the Construct and Its Measurement

This research conceptualizes and operationalizes alliance management capability. The authors develop alliance management capability as a second-order construct to capture the degree to which organizations possess relevant management routines that enable them to effectively manage their portfolio of strategic alliances. In addition to identifying and measuring specific organizational routines as critical dimensions of alliance management capability, the authors advance knowledge on the performance effects of dedicated alliance structures and alliance experience based on survey data from 204 firms. Their primary contribution is a theoretically sound alliance management capability measure that is reflected by five underlying routines: interorganizational coordination, alliance portfolio coordination, interorganizational learning, alliance proactiveness, and alliance transformation. One of the key findings is that alliance management capability has a positive impact on alliance portfolio performance and mediates the performance effects of dedicated alliance structures and alliance experience.
Human Resource Management and Firm Performance: Testing a Contingency Model of Executive Controls

This study examined the relationship between human resource management (HRM) controls used by executives and changes in the financial performance of their firms (ROA and sales growth). Results from 102 single product firms indicate that, as hypothesized, when the approach to HRM was based on behavior control, firm performance was higher when executives had complete knowledge of cause-effect relations. HRM based on output control had neither a direct nor a moderating effect on firm performance. When the approach to HRM was based on input control, performance was higher when standards of desirability were ambiguous. From a practical standpoint, these findings suggest that executives should be cognizant of several contingencies that might guide their choice among various approaches to HRM, as well as the effects these choices have on the performance of their firms. From a research standpoint, there are several issues raised in this study that suggest avenues for future investigation on HRM, control, and performance.
A logical analysis of responsibility attribution: emotions, individuals and collectives

The aim of this article is to provide a logical analysis of the concept of responsibility attribution; that is, how agents ascribe responsibility about the consequences of actions, either to themselves or to other agents. The article is divided in two parts. The first part investigates the importance of the concept of responsibility attribution for emotion theory in general and, in particular, for the theory of attribution emotions such as guilt, pride, moral approval and moral disapproval. The second part explores the collective dimension of responsibility attribution and attribution emotions, namely the concepts of collective responsibility and collective guilt. The proposed analysis is based on an extension of the logic STIT (the logic of ‘Seeing To It That’) with three different types of knowledge and common knowledge modal operators depending on the time of choice: before one’s choice, after one’s choice but before knowing the choices of other agents, and after the choices of all agents have become public. Decidability of the satisfiability problem of the logic is studied in the article.
Endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound-guided real-time fine-needle aspiration for mediastinal staging

Accurate staging of the mediastinum in lung cancer is essential for optimising treatment strategies. Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a blind procedure, reliant upon prior computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound imaging, but has low sensitivity. The current study reports the initial experience of using a prototype endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) probe that allows TBNA under real-time imaging. In 20 patients selected by CT scanning, a linear-array ultrasound bronchoscope was used to visualise paratracheal and hilar lymph nodes, and TBNA was performed under direct ultrasonic control. In seven cases, sequential endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was used to assess postero-inferior mediastinal lymph nodes. All procedures were performed under conscious sedation. EBUS-TBNA was undertaken in 18 out of 20 cases and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in six out of seven cases. Cytology showed node (N)2/N3 disease in 11 out of 18 EBUS-TBNA cases and provided a primary diagnosis for eight patients. EBUS-TBNA cytology was negative in six cases, which was confirmed by mediastinoscopy or clinical follow-up in four. EUS provided additional information in all cases. There were no procedural complications. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for EBUS-TBNA were 85%, 100% and 89%, respectively. In conclusion, endobronchial ultrasound with real-time transbronchial needle aspiration offers improved sensitivity and accuracy for staging of the middle mediastinum, and, combined with endoscopic ultrasound, should allow investigation of the majority of the mediastinum.
The contribution of bryophytes to the carbon exchange for a temperate rainforest

Bryophytes blanket the floor of temperate rainforests in New Zealand and may influence a number of important ecosystem processes, including carbon cycling. Their contribution to forest floor carbon exchange was determined in a mature, undisturbed podocarpbroadleaved forest in New Zealand, dominated by 100–400-year-old rimu (Dacrydium cupressimum) trees. Eight species of mosses and 13 species of liverworts contributed to the 62% cover of the diverse forest floor community. The bryophyte community developed a relatively thin (depth o30mm), but dense, canopy that experienced elevated CO2 partial pressures (median 46.6 Pa immediately below the bryophyte canopy) relative to the surrounding air (median 37.6 Pa at 100mm above the canopy). Light-saturated rates of net CO2 exchange from 14 microcosms collected from the forest floor were highly variable; the maximum rate of net uptake (bryophyte photosynthesis – whole-plant respiration) per unit ground area at saturating irradiance was 1.9 lmolm 2 s 1 and in one microcosm, the net rate of CO2 exchange was negative (respiration). CO2 exchange for all microcosms was strongly dependent on water content. The average water content in the microcosms ranged from 1375% when fully saturated to 250% when air-dried. Reduction in water content across this range resulted in an average decrease of 85% in net CO2 uptake per unit ground area. The results from the microcosms were used in a model to estimate annual carbon exchange for the forest floor. This model incorporated hourly variability in average irradiance reaching the forest floor, water content of the bryophyte layer, and air and soil temperature. The annual net carbon uptake by forest floor bryophytes was 103 gm , compared to annual carbon efflux from the forest floor (bryophyte and soil respiration) of 1010 gm . To put this in perspective of the magnitude of the components of CO2 exchange for the forest floor, the bryophyte layer reclaimed an amount of CO2 equivalent to only about 10% of forest floor respiration (bryophyte plus soil) or B11% of soil respiration. The contribution of forest floor bryophytes to productivity in this temperate rainforest was much smaller than in boreal forests, possibly because of differences in species composition and environmental limitations to photosynthesis. Because of their close dependence on water table depth, the contribution of the bryophyte community to ecosystem CO2 exchange may be highly responsive to rapid changes in climate.
Evaluation of the role of left atrial strain using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Objective: To evaluate additional role of left atrial two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, 218 patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction divided according to the presence of diabetes mellitus (108 with and 110 without) were enrolled in the study. Methods: Traditional parameters using two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler imaging were measured as expressions of left ventricular diastolic function as well as peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain were measured using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Results: Global average peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain were significantly lower in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and its reduced values were significantly associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively), its greater severity (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016, respectively) and longer duration only for global average peak atrial longitudinal strain (p = 0.030). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of diabetes mellitus appeared as independent predictor of reduced global peak atrial longitudinal strain [B = −2.173; 95% confidence interval: −3.870 to (−0.477); p = 0.012] as well of reduced global peak atrial contraction strain [B = −1.30; 95% confidence interval: −2.234 to (−0.366); p = 0.007]. Conclusion: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography appeared as a useful additional tool for detection of left atrial dysfunction in patients with heart failure who have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and diabetes mellitus who are especially prone to develop cardiovascular complications.
Laser resection of T1a glottic carcinomas: results and postoperative voice quality

Objectives—To calculate recurrence, mortality and complication rates and evaluate postoperative voice quality after laser resection of T1a glottic carcinoma. Material and Methods—Since 1995 we have treated 118 patients with a T1a glottic carcinoma with laser surgery. In order to evaluate postoperative voice quality, patients who were alive and free of recurrence were sent the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire containing 30 questions concerning how their voice affects their daily life physically, emotionally and socially. Results—Twelve patients (10%) had a local recurrence and received further treatment, either a second laser treatment, radiotherapy or a total laryngectomy. One patient (0.84%) died due to the laryngeal cancer. Ninety-nine patients were sent the VHI questionnaire and 94 of the completed questionnaires were included in the study and analyzed. The mean total score was 13.2, with mean subscores of 6.5 (physical), 4.1 (functional) and 2.5 (emotional). Conclusions—The results indicate that these patients as a group do not consider that their voice has a negative impact on their daily life. Good surgical technique is essential to obtain a good functional result. The laser strength should be kept low and the surgical margins small in order to minimize scarring and vocal cord stiffness.
Evaluation of Expression Profiles of Hematopoietic Stem Cell, Endothelial Cell, and Myeloid Cell Antigens in Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Hemangiosarcomas and Hemangiomas in Mice

It is unclear whether the process of spontaneous and chemically induced hemangiosarcoma and hemangioma formation in mice involves the transformation of differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) or recruitment of multipotential bone marrow–derived hematopoietic stem cells or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which show some degree of endothelial differentiation. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining for hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD45 and CD34), EC markers (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [VEGFR2], CD31, and factor VIII–related antigen), and a myeloid lineage marker (CD14) was employed to better define the origin of hemangiosarcomas and hemangiomas in mice. Staining was negative for CD45, factor VIII–related antigen, and CD14 and positive for CD34, VEGFR2, and CD31, indicating that mouse hemangiosarcomas and hemangiomas are composed of cells derived from EPCs expressing CD34, VEGFR2, and CD31 but not factor VIII–related antigen. The lack of CD45 expression suggests that mouse vascular tumors may arise from EPCs that are at a stage later than hematopoietic stem cells. Since factor VIII–related antigen expression is known to occur later than CD31 expression in EPCs, our observations may indicate that these tumor cells are arrested at a stage prior to complete differentiation. In addition, myeloid lineage cells do not appear to contribute to hemangiosarcoma and hemangioma formation in mice.
Employment Hysteresis from the Great Recession

This paper uses US local areas as a laboratory to test for long-term impacts of the Great Recession. In administrative longitudinal data, I estimate that exposure to a 1 percentage point larger 2007–9 local unemployment shock reduced 2015 working-age employment rates by over 0.3 percentage points. Rescaled, this long-term recession impact accounts for over half of the 2007–15 US age-adjusted employment decline. Impacts were larger among older and lower-earning individuals and typically involved a layoff but are present even in a mass-layoffs sample. Disability insurance and out-migration yielded little income replacement. These findings reveal that the Great Recession imposed employment and income losses even after unemployment rates signaled recovery.
The Consensual Norm on the High Court of Australia: 1904-2001

This article applies cointegration and error-correction testing to re-examine Smyth’s (2002) conclusion that there is no consensual norm on the High Court of Australia (High Court). While Smyth (2002) concluded there was no consensual norm on the High Court using data up to 1975, we find that dissenting opinions and concurring opinions on the High Court are cointegrated once Smyth’s (2002) dataset is updated to 2001. In Smyth (2002) it was suggested that a consensual norm never emerged on the High Court because the institutional arrangements were hostile to building consensus. This entails defining “consensual norm” to mean a norm where there is a high level of consensus. But, this interpretation of how the term “consensual norm” was used in Caldeira and Zorn (1998) is incorrect. Instead Caldeira and Zorn (1998) use the term consensual norm to refer to a prevailing norm where there is some level of consensus, which could be either high or low. We offer an explanation for our findings in this article which is consistent with this reading of Caldeira and Zorn (1998). In light of the long tradition of seriatim opinion writing on the High Court, we interpret our findings as being consistent with the existence of a low consensus equilibrium, at least relative to the US Supreme Court before the 1940s.
Gender and Delinquency in White-Collar Families: A Power-Control Perspective

This article expands the understanding of a kind of white-collar delinquency: youthful violations of patents and copyrights through the copying of audio- and videotapes and computer software. Class and gender variations in these kinds of activities are considered using a power-control perspective that focuses on parental controls and attitudes toward risk-taking. A power-control perspective treats childhood and adolescent socialization as a systemic process of social reproduction that links the family and work spheres, with implications for the understanding of “pink” as well as white-collar crimes.
Planned Short-Term Psychotherapy for Depression: Recent Controlled Outcome Studies

The largest number of diagnosis-specific controlled outcome studies of planned shortterm psychotherapy deal with depression. Brief psychotherapy appears to be consistently helpful, particularly for mild to moderate levels of depression. The most common brief psychotherapeutic approaches used in the treatment of depression—cognitivebehavioral and interpersonally oriented psychodynamic—appear to be equally effective in relieving its symptoms. The frequent severity and chronicity of these conditions suggests, however, that several brief episodes of care may be necessary to achieve optimal effect. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 1:169–189 (2001)]
English and American Adolescents' Reasons for Listening to Music

This study investigated the degree to which English and American adolescents report similar reasons for listening to music. A questionnaire was completed by 245 participants (mean age = 15 27 years), on which they indicated how much each of 11 potential reasons for listening to music applied to them. Factor analysis revealed three factors which accounted for 60.3% of the variance in responses. These factors were interpreted as listening to music for reasons of "selfactualisation", to "fulfil emotional needs", and to "fulfil social needs". Whilst analysis of the factor scores did reveal some individual differences between responses of participants in each culture, overall there were no significant multivariate or univariate main effects of nationality. This suggests that the English and American adolescents' reasons for listening to music may similarly be explained by the same factors.
Inventing Village Tradition: The late 19th Century Origins of the North Indian ‘Jajmani System’

Many years ago I was asked in a viva voce examination to name the first work which describes the Indian jajmani system. I knew that the jajmani system was of great antiquity, but I had no idea whether it was first described by one of the early European travellers like Bernier, an early 19th century British authority on Indian criminal castes and tribes like Sleeman, or a later authority on castes and folklore like Crooke. So I was rather surprised to learn, after my fumbling, that the first description was that of the Wisers, published in 1930.
Kindergarten Teachers' Practices Related to the Transition to School: Results of a National Survey

A national sample of 3,595 kindergarten teachers reported on their use of 21 practices related to the transition of children into kindergarten in the 1996-1997 academic year and 15 barriers to implementing transition practices. Use of practices related to the transition into kindergarten was nearly universal; the most frequently reported practice (talking with the child's parent after school starts) was employed by 95% of the sample. Practices that involve in-person contacts with children or families were reportedly among those used least often, as were practices that involve contacting children or families before the start of school. The most frequently reported practices were those that take place after the start of school and/or involve low-intensity, generic contact (e.g., flyers, brochures, group open houses). As schools (or districts) became increasingly urban and had higher percentages of minority and/or low-SES students, teachers reported personal contacts less often, and low-intensity school contacts occurring after school had started were more common. The most commonly reported barriers to transition practices were class lists being generated too late, lack of support for summer work, and lack of a district plan for the transition into kindergarten. Teachers reported family-related barriers with increasing frequency as schools became more urban and had a higher percentage of minority students, or were located in high-poverty districts. Each finding revealed important aspects of whether the nation's kindergartens are "ready" and suggested a range of policy and practice implications.
Visceral Difference: Variations in Feeling (Slow) Food

This paper responds to concerns over a lack of diversity in alternative food movements by entertaining the possibility of understanding difference as a visceral process—a process of bodily feeling/sensation. Participatory research within and around the Slow Food (SF) movement reveals the complex role of feelings in motivating food actions and activism. On the whole, the cocreated data from this research illustrate that food is never ingested by itself: in the body, molecular connections develop between food and a countless array of other factors. Thus, food and food movements come to feel differently in different bodies as a result of inner-connected biological and social forces. In paying attention to such biosocial processes alternative food movements like SF may develop new under-standings as to why they activate some people to participate in alternative food practices while chilling others. Accordingly the paper suggests that attentiveness to visceral feeling could enhance the ability of food movements to mobilize across difference.
Predictive Value of Electroencephalography for Seizure Outcome Following Corpus Callosotomy in Children

Background and Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether preoperative or postoperative electroencephalography (EEG) can predict surgical outcome for corpus callosotomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 16 patients enrolled. We compared postoperative seizure outcome according to seizure type, preoperative interictal EEG, preoperative ictal EEG, and postoperative interictal EEG. Seizure outcome was classified according to postoperative seizure reduction, i.e., seizure free, >90%, 50–90%, <50%, and no change or worsened. A seizure reduction of 50% or more was judged as a “favorable outcome”. Results: Most patients showed a favorable outcome (12 patients, 75%) and two patients became seizure free (13%). Atonic seizure was most responsive to corpus callosotomy. Preoperative interictal epileptiform discharge had 3 patterns; bilateral independent, generalized, and combination of independent and generalized. None of the preoperative interictal epileptiform discharge (EDs) had significant correlation with seizure outcome. The preoperative ictal rhythm did not predict seizure outcome. However disappearance of generalized EDs on postoperative EEG was correlated with favorable seizure outcome. Conclusions: The presence of generalized EDs on postoperative interictal EEG predicted seizure outcome, whereas preoperative EEG did not.