Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successful aging and developmental adaptation of oldest-old adults

Longevity is important for successful aging. The present research is designed to examine if oldest-old adults are successful agers or not and what predictors are associated with psychological well-being among oldest-old adults. Based on Rowe and Kahn‟s (1997& 1998) successful aging model and Martin and Martin‟s (2002) developmental adaptation model, the data reported in the current study were collected from proxy reports of 234 centenarians and 72 octogenarians of the Georgia Centenarian Study. Only 15% of octogenarians and no centenarian satisfied all three criteria of the successful aging model, over 62% of all octogenarians and 47% of all centenarians satisfied all criteria of an alternative successful aging model that included subjective health, perceived economic well-being, and perceived happiness. No significant predictors of successful aging and psychological well-being were found, but two significant interaction effects suggested that the effects of physical functioning and cognitive functioning on psychological well-being depended on age. In addition, physical health impairment and social resources had significant direct effects on psychological well-being and physical functioning, cognitive functioning, and education had indirect effects on psychological well-being. These results suggest that an alternative model of successful aging model is needed to understand a more holistic picture of successful aging among oldest-old adults. It is important for researchers and practitioners to consider proximal and distal influences for successful aging and psychological well-being.
Novel mechanism of regulation of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Csk: insights from NMR mapping studies and site-directed mutagenesis.

Csk (C-terminal Src kinase), a protein tyrosine kinase, consisting of the Src homology 2 and 3 (SH2 and SH3) domains and a catalytic domain, phosphorylates the C-terminal tail of Src-family members, resulting in downregulation of the Src family kinase activity. The Src family kinases share 37 % homology with Csk but, unlike Src-family kinases, the catalytic domain of Csk alone is weakly active and can be stimulated in trans by interacting with the Csk-SH3 domain, suggesting a mode of intradomain regulation different from that of Src family kinases. The structural determinants of this intermolecular interaction were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and site-directed mutagenesis techniques. Chemical shift perturbation of backbone nuclei (H' and (15)N) has been used to map the Csk catalytic domain binding site on the Csk-SH3. The experimentally determined interaction surface includes three structural elements: the N-terminal tail, a small part of the RT-loop, and the C-terminal SH3-SH2 linker. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that mutations in the SH3-SH2 linker of the wild-type Csk decrease Csk kinase activity up to fivefold, whereas mutations in the RT-loop left Csk kinase activity largely unaffected. We conclude that the SH3-SH2 linker plays a major role in the activation of the Csk catalytic domain.
Similar Signature of the Prion Protein in Natural Sheep Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy-Linked Diseases

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that specific molecular features could characterize the protease-resistant prion protein (PrP res) detected in animal species as well as in humans infected by the infectious agent strain that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Studies of glycoform patterns in such diseases in French cattle and cheetahs, as well as in mice infected by isolates from both species, revealed this characteristic molecular signature. Similar studies of 42 French isolates of natural scrapie, from 21 different flocks in different regions of France, however, showed levels of the three glycoforms comparable to those found in BSE-linked diseases. Moreover, the apparent molecular size of the unglycosylated form was also indistinguishable among all different sheep isolates, as well as isolates from BSE in cattle. Overall results suggest that scrapie cases with features similar to those of BSE could be found more frequently in sheep than previously described.
Temporal properties of rehearsal in auditory-verbal short-term memory

Subvocal rehearsal, the use of inner speech for the maintenance of phonological material, is thought to play an important role verbal short-term memory (STM). The importance of rehearsal is based largely on indirect measures, as it is difficult to detect and quantify. To address this issue and investigate rehearsal timing, a novel ‘rehearsal-probe’ task was developed. Individuals silently rehearsed an auditory-verbal sequence, responding after an unpredictable probe (tone) by indicating the item currently being rehearsed. The presentation of probes after variable and repeated delays provides item response proportions over time. The data were analysed using a theory-neutral measure of temporal precision; the circular standard deviations of response distributions. The methods were established across seven experiments designed to explore whether timing precision is fixed or resource-limited. Experiment 3 showed that timing precision decreases with increased in memory load. Temporal precision was negatively correlated with auditory-verbal STM span in six experiments, including one designed specifically to examine individual differences. Experiments 6 and 7 investigated timing in developmental language disorders, which are characterized by serial ordering deficits. Adults with dyslexia and children with language impairments showed more temporal imprecision compared to matched controls. These results suggest that temporal precision is limited by shared resources and may play a role in language development. A computational model was also developed to describe the data with four separable temporal properties. The model captured the main characteristics of the data and provided quantitative estimates of each property. In an EEG experiment, event-related responses to item probes were modulated by the contents of rehearsal, and there was increased spectral power at the item rate during sequence presentation and rehearsal, but not baseline, periods. The findings suggest an important role for fine-grained timing information in serial order STM and have broader implications for debates about models of serial order.
Pose Estimation from Line Correspondences using Direct Linear Transformation

This work is concerned with camera pose estimation from correspondences of 3D/2D lines, i.e. with the Perspective-n-Line (PnL) problem. We focus on large line sets, which can be efficiently solved by methods using linear formulation of PnL. We propose a novel method 'DLT-Combined-Lines' based on the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) algorithm, which benefits from a new combination of two existing DLT methods for pose estimation. The method represents 2D structure by lines, and 3D structure by both points and lines. The redundant 3D information reduces the minimum of required line correspondences to 5. A cornerstone of the method is a combined projection matrix estimated by the DLT algorithm. It contains multiple estimates of camera rotation and translation, which can be recovered after enforcing constraints of the matrix. Multiplicity of the estimates is exploited to improve accuracy of the proposed method. For large line sets (10 and more), the method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on synthetic data even under strong image noise. Moreover, it is the most accurate method on real world data, outperforming the state-of-the-art by a large margin. The proposed method is also highly computationally effective, estimating the pose of 1000 lines in 12 ms on a desktop computer.
AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA ESQUISTOSSOMOSE DE ESCOLARES DE ÁREA ENDÊMICA DE MINAS GERAIS

O estudo investiga as representacoes sociais sobre a esquistossomose de escolares em area endemica de Minas Gerais realizando uma reflexao acerca das atitudes e crencas do grupo frente a doenca, com a intencao de propor embasamento para a elaboracao, producao, contextualizacao e adequacao de abordagens pedagogicas e materiais educativos. O referencial teorico adotado e o da representacao social, na sua vertente cognitivista. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram escolares compreendidos na faixa etaria de sete a quatorze anos, de duas escolas da rede estadual, portadores e nao portadores da esquistossomose. A coleta dos dados foi efetuada atraves da realizacao das tecnicas de associacoes livres, hierarquizacao de palavras, controle da centralidade e entrevista semi-diretiva. Participaram 128 escolares. Para a analise dos dados utilizou-se o software Excel 2000 e analise de conteudo, segundo Bardin. Os resultados indicam que a representacao social do grupo estudado estrutura-se em torno de ideias ligadas a transmissao, sintomatologia e descricao da doenca. Observa-se que as representacoes estao ancoradas no conhecimento passado por outras pessoas que conheceram a esquistossomose numa epoca em que era ainda um problema muito mais grave.O perfil caracterizado traz implicacoes para as praticas pedagogicas e assim as acoes educativas para a promocao da saude, devem estar pautadas, ao mesmo tempo, na heterogeneidade e nas especificidades da representacao.
Spontaneous magnetic orientation in larval Drosophila shares properties with learned magnetic compass responses in adult flies and mice

SUMMARY We provide evidence for spontaneous quadramodal magnetic orientation in a larval insect. Second instar Berlin, Canton-S and Oregon-R × Canton-S strains of Drosophila melanogaster exhibited quadramodal orientation with clusters of bearings along the four anti-cardinal compass directions (i.e. 45, 135, 225 and 315 deg). In double-blind experiments, Canton-S Drosophila larvae also exhibited quadramodal orientation in the presence of an earth-strength magnetic field, while this response was abolished when the horizontal component of the magnetic field was cancelled, indicating that the quadramodal behavior is dependent on magnetic cues, and that the spontaneous alignment response may reflect properties of the underlying magnetoreception mechanism. In addition, a re-analysis of data from studies of learned magnetic compass orientation by adult Drosophila melanogaster and C57BL/6 mice revealed patterns of response similar to those exhibited by larval flies, suggesting that a common magnetoreception mechanism may underlie these behaviors. Therefore, characterizing the mechanism(s) of magnetoreception in flies may hold the key to understanding the magnetic sense in a wide array of terrestrial organisms.
Time-Varying Actuator Scheduling in Complex Networks

This paper studies the benefit of time-varying actuator scheduling on the controllability of undirected complex networks with linear dynamics. We define a new notion of nodal communicability, termed 2k-communicability, and unveil the role that this centrality measure plays in selecting which nodes to actuate over time to optimize network controllability, as measured by the trace of the controllability Gramian. We identify various conditions on the network structure that determine whether it benefits or not from time-varying actuator scheduling, and quantify the sub-optimality gap of time-invariant policies. Intuitively, our analysis shows that time-varying actuator policies should be used when the network has multiple heterogeneous central nodes, as measured by 2k-communicability. We illustrate our results with examples of deterministic and random networks.
Vertebral osteophytosis and vertebral deformities in an elderly population sample.

AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the association between vertebral osteophytosis and vertebral deformities in an elderly population sample, and the influence of some risk factors on spinal osteophytosis and deformities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A population sample of 280 women and 263 men, all Zagreb residents older than 45 years, participated in the study. Radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine were evaluated for the presence of osteophyte formation and vertebral deformities. Osteophyte size was graded on a scale from 0 to 4. Vertebral deformities were determined by the semiquantitative method of McCloskey. The chi-square test was used to analyse the association between vertebral osteophytes and deformities, and the influence of several risk factors was investigated by discriminate analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of vertebral osteophytosis was 47.9% in men (36.5% in the thoracic and 21.3% in the lumbar spine) and 56.0% in women (36.0% in the thoracic and 23.9% in the lumbar spine). The prevalence of vertebral deformities was 8.3% in men (5.3% in the thoracic and 3.4% in the lumbar spine) and 12.5% in women (7.9% in the thoracic and 5.4% in the lumbar segment). There was a significant association between deformities and osteophytosis on the lumbar segment of the spine (P = 0.0240 men, P = 0.0152 women). Analysing the influence of several risk factors, age was found to be the most associated with both vertebral deformities and osteophytosis. Obesity was significantly associated with osteophytosis. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association between vertebral osteophytosis and deformities in the lumbar segment and no relationship in the thoracic segment. This implicates different etiologies of vertebral deformities in the thoracic and lumbar spine.
The ontology of mind : events, processes, and states

Helen Steward puts forward a radical critique of the foundations of contemporary philosophy of mind, arguing that it relies too heavily on insecure assumptions about the nature of some of the sorts of mental entities it postulates-the nature of events, processes, and states. She offers a fresh investigation of these three categories, clarifying the distinction between them, and argues specifically that the assumption that states can be treated as particular, event-like entities has been a huge and serious mistake. Steward argues that the category of token state should be rejected, and develops an alternative way of understanding those varieties of causal explanation which have sometimes been thought to require an ontology of token states for their elucidation. She contends that many current theories of mind are rendered unintelligible once it is seen how these explanations really work. A number of prominent features of contemporary philosophy of mind-token identity theories, the functionalists conception of causal role, a common form of argument for eliminative materialism, and the structure of the debate about the efficacy of mental content-are impugned by her arguments. Steward concludes that the modern mind-body problem needs to be substantially rethought.
The bolometric and UV attenuation in normal spiral galaxies of the Herschel Reference Survey

The dust in nearby galaxies absorbs a fraction of the UV-optical-near-infrared radiation produced by stars. This energy is consequently re-emitted in the infrared. We investigate the portion of the stellar radiation absorbed by spiral galaxies from the HRS by modelling their UV-to-submillimetre spectral energy distributions. Our models provide an attenuated and intrinsic SED from which we find that on average 32 % of all starlight is absorbed by dust. We define the UV heating fraction as the percentage of dust luminosity that comes from absorbed UV photons and find that this is 56 %, on average. This percentage varies with morphological type, with later types having significantly higher UV heating fractions. We find a strong correlation between the UV heating fraction and specific star formation rate and provide a power-law fit. Our models allow us to revisit the IRX-AFUV relations, and derive these quantities directly within a self-consistent framework. We calibrate this relation for different bins of NUV-r colour and provide simple relations to relate these parameters. We investigated the robustness of our method and we conclude that the derived parameters are reliable within the uncertainties which are inherent to the adopted SED model. This calls for a deeper investigation on how well extinction and attenuation can be determined through panchromatic SED modelling.
What kids buy and why : the psychology of marketing to kids

If you're in the business of marketing or developing products and programs for kids, "What Kids Buy and Why" belongs in your office. How can you create outstanding products and programs that will win in the marketplace and in the hearts of kids and parents? Dan S. Acuff and Robert H. Reiher have invented a development and marketing process called Youth Market Systems that puts the needs, abilities, and interests of kids first. This system makes sure you won't miss the mark whether you're trying to reach young children or teens, boys or girls, or whether you're selling toys, sports equipment, snacks, school supplies, or software. Based on the latest child development research, "What Kids Buy and Why" is chock-full of provocative information about the cognitive, emotional, and social needs of each age group. This book tells you among other things-- why 3-through-7-year-olds love things that transform, why 8-through-12-year-olds love to collect stuff, how the play patterns of boys and girls differ, and why kids of all ages love slapstick. "What Kids Buy and Why" is the result of Acuff and Reiher's almost twenty years of consulting with high-profile clients including Johnson & Johnson, Nike, Microsoft, Nestle, Tyco, Disney, Pepsi, Warner Brothers, LucasFilm, Amblin/Spielberg, Mattel, Hasbro, Kraft, Coca-Cola, Quaker Oats, General Mills, Broderbund, Bandai, Sega, ABC, CBS, I-HOP, Domino's, Hardee's, and Kellogg's. Special features include: an innovative matrix for speedy, accurate product analysis and program development a clear, step-by-step process for making decisions that increase your product's appeal to kids tools and techniques for creating characters that kids love Here is the complete one-stop tool for understanding what children of all ages want to buy.
Well-Being, Preference Formation and the Danger of Paternalism

Informed or rational desire, capability and prudential value list views of well-being - must accommodate human limitations, as well as address issues about adaptation and paternalism. They sometimes address adaptation by toughening the requirement(s) on those desires, satisfaction of which constitutes well-being. That exacerbates a concern that these accounts if adopted will encourage policies which override actual desires and enforce paternalistic restrictions. Sunstein, like Sen, invokes democratic deliberation to address the adaptation problem, and advocates autonomy promoting paternalistic restrictions. Sunstein and Thaler's 'libertarian paternalism' extends this flavour of argument to cover examples of irrationality from behavioural economics. Their variation of the informed desire account involves highly idealized preferences which cannot, in practical terms, guide a paternalistic social planner, but lead to a potentially large range of cases where paternalistic intervention might, in principle, be justified. I argue that the liberal paternalist policy agenda should as currently conceived be resisted.
The Heart of the Matter: Exploring Intergenerational Themes in Children’s Literature

Exploring intergenerational themes in children’s literature, this article shares the perspective of one grandfather and the reactions of educators in response to stories of young and old. Four themes found within intergenerational children’s literature are identified: (a) perceptions of grandparents’ interests and personalities, (b) passing down of knowledge, (c) shared moments/adventures, and (d) perceptions of aging. Intended as a reference point for educators as they select books depicting intergenerational themes, a question asked is, What is at the heart of the matter when it comes to children’s literature depicting themes of young and old?
Thai tertiary English majors’ attitudes towards and awareness of world Englishes

The purposes of the present study were to investigate Thai university English learners’ attitudes towards and awareness of varieties of English, in relation to the ideology of English as an international language, which sees English in its pluralistic rather than the monolithic nature. The results show that the learners held more favorable attitudes towards mainstream inner-circle Englishes (American English and British English) than nonnative Englishes. In detail, the inner-circle speakers were perceived to possess better attributes (e.g., status, competence and personality) than nonnative speakers. The findings suggest that the English learners, in the present study, were linguistically prejudiced as they stereotyped others based on accent. In terms of accent awareness, the learners did not have sufficient awareness of varieties of English since the majority of them failed to identify the speakers’ country of origin from the speakers’ voices. It was found that the Thai English voice was the only stimulus that was successfully recognized by half of the informants, whereas the other varieties were inappropriately identified. This paper ends with proposing pedagogical suggestions and implications in raising learners’ awareness of the changing contexts of English so that they become more tolerant towards linguistic diversity. Keywords: Language attitudes, EIL, accent, linguistic discrimination, World Englishes
Throughput Maximization Using Portfolio Selection Throughput Maximization Using Portfolio Selection Throughput Maximization Using Portfolio Selection Throughput Maximization Using Portfolio Selection and Jamming and Jamming and Jamming and Jamming----Aware Routing Algorithm Aware Routing Algorithm A

In networking, data can be sent from source to destination through multiple available paths. However, there are problems like jamming that prevent data from reaching the correct destination. This Jamming aware traffic allocation can solve this problem. This paper presents a solution for jamming problem in network with multi-path routing. The solution is based on the jamming statistics at each and every node in the network. The allocation of traffic here is known as jamming-aware traffic allocation. In the process of traffic allocation portfolio selection theory is used which is meant for balancing data throughput. The proposed solution is capable of estimating the traffic jamming probabilities and take decisions with regard to traffic allocation. A custom simulator application is built to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system. The empirical results revealed that the system is capable of allocating traffic based on the jamming awareness it has.
Detecting Japanese Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease based on Word Category Frequencies

In recent years, detecting Alzheimer disease (AD) in early stages based on natural language processing (NLP) has drawn much attention. To date, vocabulary size, grammatical complexity, and fluency have been studied using NLP metrics. However, the content analysis of AD narratives is still unreachable for NLP. This study investigates features of the words that AD patients use in their spoken language. After recruiting 18 examinees of 53–90 years old (mean: 76.89), they were divided into two groups based on MMSE scores. The AD group comprised 9 examinees with scores of 21 or lower. The healthy control group comprised 9 examinees with a score of 22 or higher. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) classified words were used to categorize the words that the examinees used. The word frequency was found from observation. Significant differences were confirmed for the usage of impersonal pronouns in the AD group. This result demonstrated the basic feasibility of the proposed NLP-based detection approach.