Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle Impaction and Flow through an Infinite Array of Cylinders

In this paper, the flow field of fluid and trajectory of particle are modeled using FLUENT 12.0. In this software, continuity, momentum and particle flow equations are discretized using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to calculate the pressure and velocity distribution in the flow domain. A Reynolds number of a value up to 1000 is used to view the flow simulation behind the cylinder, and it is found that at about the value of 100 there is a formation of eddies in the flow. Particle trajectories are calculated using the Lagrangian method. In this model, ash particles of varying diameters are used for capturing over an aluminum cylinder of 50-micron diameter. The particles of lower diameter strictly follow the fluid laminar layers, but as the particle size increases, the trajectory of the particle gets straightened, and it gets impacted on the fiber collector. Finally, the inertial deposition efficiency is calculated and is plotted against the Stoke number. Different cylinder spacing is used, and the effect on capture efficiency is monitored. These results are compared with other theoretical models, and are found to be in excellent co-ordination. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014. 9
Cartilage and Synovium of the Peroneocuboid Joint: An Anatomic and Histological Study

The surface area, thickness, and composition of the articular cartilage of the peroneocuboid articulation and the location of the synovium were investigated in 15 cadaver foot specimens. The articulations of the medial side of the peroneus longus tendon and lateral side of the cuboid were covered with fibrous and hyaline cartilages, respectively. On the lateral tuberosity of the cuboid, there is a facet that has 79.37±20.24 mm2 articular cartilage area with an oval shape to conform to that of the articular surface of the peroneus longus tendon (articular cartilage area, 67.35±28.53 mm2) with which it articulates. The mean thickness of the articular cartilage of the peroneus longus tendon and cuboid was 0.34±0.08 and 0.52±0.07 mm, respectively. The peroneocuboid joint has its own joint capsule. The synovial cavity does not communicate with the sheath of the peroneus longus tendon. Synovial membranes were attached to the margins of the articular surfaces of the cuboid immediately peripheral to the cartilage region.
Observations of Saharan dust layer electrification

Electrification of atmospheric dust influences the coagulation, wet removal and fall speeds of dust particles. Alignment of dust particles can also occur in fair weather atmospheric electrical conditions if the particles are charged. However, very few electrical measurements made in elevated dust layers exist. Balloon-borne charge and particle instrumentation have been used to investigate the electrical properties of elevated Saharan dust layers. Soundings from the Cape Verde Islands, which experience frequent Saharan dust outbreaks, intercepted several dust layers. Two balloon soundings during summer 2009 detected dust particles in layers up to 4 km altitude. Simultaneous electrical measurements showed charge inside the dust layers, with a maximum measured charge density of 25 pC m − 3, sufficient to influence wet removal processes.
Visual Signature Veriication Using Aane Arc-length

Signatures can be acquired with a camera-based system with enough resolution to perform veriica-tion. This paper presents the performance of a visual-acquisition signature veriication system, emphasizing on the importance of the parameterization of the signature in order to achieve good classiica-tion results. A technique to overcome the lack of examples in order to estimate the generalization error of the algorithm is also described.
Stiffness anisotropy of London clay and its modelling: laboratory and field

Anisotropic behaviour of London Clay is examined. Undrained and drained triaxial tests were performed on rotary cored London clay samples obtained from Kennington, London and the results are compared with published laboratory and in-situ testing data. The measured anisotropic behaviour is then modelled by incorporating transverse anisotropic elasticity into a critical state soil model. A smooth transition from elastic to plastic behaviour is modelled by the subloading surface concept. The model is implemented into a finite element (FE) program and ground response induced by tunnel excavation is simulated in 2D and 3D conditions. The effects of soil anisotropy on ground deformation and excess pore pressure generation are discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E128041.
Quantitative evaluation of the enamel caries which were treated with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate

Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization of the enamel caries on smooth and occlusal surfaces using DIAGNOdent, after daily application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP). Materials and Methods: Thirty volunteers, aged 18–30 years, with white spot lesions on the smooth and occlusal surfaces of the teeth were included in the study. These white spot lesions were visually examined and the degree of demineralization was quantitatively evaluated using DIAGNOdent. Volunteers with lesions scored as enamel caries on smooth surfaces (n = 109) and on occlusal surfaces (n = 176) were randomly divided into control and study groups. Both groups were instructed regarding oral hygiene and were asked to brush their teeth with the same tooth paste and tooth brush. In the study group, CPP-ACFP was applied daily for 4 min on the existing enamel caries lesions. After 4 weeks, the mineralization changes in enamel caries on the smooth and occlusal surfaces were assessed by DIAGNOdent. Recorded data were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: Comparison of DIAGNOdent values evaluated before and after the application of CPP-ACFP showed that the remineralization of enamel caries lesions on smooth and occlusal surfaces occurred in the study group (both, P < 0.001). The control group showed no quantitative changes at the end of 4 weeks (P > 0.05). At the end of the study period, the DIAGNOdent values differed significantly between the control and study groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Daily local application of CPP-ACFP for 4 min for 4 weeks results in significant remineralization of the initial caries lesions. Clinical Relevance: CPP-ACFP can be used in the treatment of white spot lesions.
MK‐383 (L‐700,462), a Selective Nonpeptide Platelet Glycoprotein 1Ib/IIIa Antagonist, Is Active in Man

BackgroundFibrinogen-dependent cross-linking of glycoprotein (GP) lIb/IIIa on activated platelets is the final mechanism leading to platelet aggregation. Inhibition of this mechanism may result in a novel antithrombotic agent. We studied the activity of MK-383 (L-700,462), a new, nonpeptide GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, in vitro and in vivo, in man. Methods and ResultsMK-383, a nonpeptide trosine derivative, dose-dependently inhibited fibrinogendependent platelet aggregation, in vitro. Binding of 125I-labeled fibrinogen to activated platelets was prevented in a competitive manner with an IC50 of 10±4.2 nmol/L. The activity and tolerability of MK-383 were evaluated in a two-part double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study in healthy male subjects using 1- and 4-hour intravenous infusions. Effects on ADP- and collagen-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation (APA or CPA) and template bleeding time (TBT) were evaluated. Twenty-four subjects participated in the 1-hour part. Six received placebo and 18 MK-383 in doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 μg · kg-1 · min-1. MK-383 inhibited platelet aggregation and prolonged bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner. APA and CPA were totally inhibited at the end of infusion of 0.4 μg · kg-1 · min-1 and returned to 55% and 89% of baseline, respectively, at 3 hours after infusion. TBT was prolonged at this dose from 5.0±1.3 minutes predose to 22.7±6 minutes at the end of the infusion (P<.01) and was normalized by 3 hours after infusion. In the 4-hour infusion part, 15 subjects received MK-383 (0.1 to 0.2 μg · kg-1 · min-1), and five received placebo. Complete inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation was seen at 0.15 and 0.2 μg · kg-1 · min-1. At 0.2 μg · kg-1 · min-1, TBT was prolonged from 4.4±1.2 to 23.9±4.3 minutes at the end of infusion (P<.01) and remained slightly prolonged 3 hours after infusion (7.2±1.8 minutes). No adverse effects were observed in any of the 33 subjects receiving MK-383. ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that MK-383 appears to be well tolerated and active in man. It is the first nonpeptide GPIIb/IIMa antagonist that can be used to investigate the antithrombotic potential of this new class of antiplatelet agents.
Effects of Antisense Oligonucleotides against C-Reactive Protein on the Development of Atherosclerosis in WHHL Rabbits

Increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, but whether CRP is directly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under debate. Many controversial and contradictory results using transgenic mice and rabbits have been published but it is also unclear whether CRP lowering can be used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In the current study, we examined the effects of the rabbit CRP antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) on the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. CRP ASO treatment led to a significant reduction of plasma CRP levels; however, both aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions were not significantly changed compared to those of control WHHL rabbits. These results suggest that inhibition of plasma CRP does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits.
Natural beaches confer fitness benefits to nesting marine turtles

Coastal ecosystems provide vital linkages between aquatic and terrestrial habitats and thus support extremely high levels of biodiversity. However, coastlines also contain the highest densities of human development anywhere on the planet and are favoured destinations for tourists, creating a situation where the potential for negative effects on coastal species is extremely high. I gathered data on marine turtle reproductive output from the literature to determine whether coastal development negatively influences offspring production. Female loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nesting on natural beaches (as opposed to beaches with permanent development) produce significantly more hatchling turtles per nest; all else being equal, females that successfully produce more offspring will have higher fitness than conspecifics producing fewer offspring. Thus, female marine turtles nesting on natural beaches probably have higher fitness than turtles nesting on developed beaches. Consequently, populations nesting on natural beaches may be able to recover more quickly from the historic population declines that have plagued marine turtles, and some species may recover more quickly than others.
Determining the availability of phosphate and glucose for bacteria in P-limited mesocosms of NW Mediterranean surface waters

Availability of phosphate for phytoplankton and bacteria and of glucose for bacteria was studied in mesocosms using NW Mediterranean coastal water with added phosphate, glucose, or a combination of both. We observed an initial increase of bacterial production in all mesocosms, a con- tinuous increase of particulate P only in the P-enriched mesocosms, and a greater accumulation of dissolved organic C in the glucose-enriched mesocosms compared to those enriched by both glucose and P. This suggests that the water used was initially P-starved with a certain pool of degradable organic C available for bacteria. Specific phosphate affinities indicated a P limitation for the bacter- ial community in all mesocosms. Specific glucose affinities were different between the mesocosms but much lower than the theoretical maximum predicted from the diffusion-limited model. This sug- gests that the glucose pool was not a strong controlling factor of bacterial growth. In the P-enriched mesocosms, it is indicated that the extent of P limitation shifted from highest to lowest, while the available pool of glucose steadily decreased during the experiment. The explanation suggested for these observations is that phosphate regeneration was enhanced in the plankton food web, by which bacterial carbon demand became higher than the degradable organic C produced in the P-enriched mesocosms.
Dual‐frequency radar ratio of nonspherical atmospheric hydrometeors

Dual‐frequency cloud and precipitation radar systems are being actively developed and installed on different platforms. The use of two radar frequencies (with at least one frequency outside the Rayleigh type of scattering for hydrometeors of interest) allows independent estimates of hydrometeor effective size. With these estimates, radar‐based retrievals of such important parameters as cloud mass content or precipitation rate can be potentially performed with better accuracy compared to single‐ frequency radar measurements. This study presents quantitative assessments of the effects of nonsphericity of ice cloud particles which influence the dual‐frequency ratio used for characteristic size estimates.
Remarkable dynamics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere

Nanoparticles emitted from road traffic are the largest source of respiratory exposure for the general public living in urban areas. It has been suggested that adverse health effects of airborne particles may scale with airborne particle number, which if correct, focuses attention on the nanoparticle (less than 100 nm) size range which dominates the number count in urban areas. Urban measurements of particle size distributions have tended to show a broadly similar pattern dominated by a mode centred on 20–30 nm diameter emitted by diesel engine exhaust. In this paper we report the results of measurements of particle number concentration and size distribution made in a major London park as well as on the BT Tower, 160 m aloft. These measurements taken during the REPARTEE project (Regents Park and BT Tower experiment) show a remarkable shift in particle size distributions with major losses of the smallest particle class as particles are advected away from the traffic source. In the Park, the traffic related mode at 20–30 nm diameter is much reduced with a new mode at <10 nm. Size distribution measurements also revealed higher number concentrations of sub-50 nm particles at the BT Tower during days affected by higher turbulence as determined by Doppler Lidar measurements and are indicative of loss of nanoparticles from air aged during less turbulent conditions. These results are suggestive of nanoparticle loss by evaporation, rather than coagulation processes. The results have major implications for understanding the impacts of traffic-generated particulate matter on human health.
New Insight into Microbial Iron Oxidation as Revealed by the Proteomic Profile of an Obligate Iron-Oxidizing Chemolithoautotroph

ABSTRACT Microaerophilic, neutrophilic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) grow via the oxidation of reduced Fe(II) at or near neutral pH, in the presence of oxygen, making them relevant in numerous environments with elevated Fe(II) concentrations. However, the biochemical mechanisms for Fe(II) oxidation by these neutrophilic FeOB are unknown, and genetic markers for this process are unavailable. In the ocean, microaerophilic microorganisms in the genus Mariprofundus of the class Zetaproteobacteria are the only organisms known to chemolithoautotrophically oxidize Fe and concurrently biomineralize it in the form of twisted stalks of iron oxyhydroxides. The aim of this study was to identify highly expressed proteins associated with the electron transport chain of microaerophilic, neutrophilic FeOB. To this end, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 was cultivated, and its proteins were extracted, assayed for redox activity, and analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for identification of peptides. The results indicate that a cytochrome c 4, cbb 3-type cytochrome oxidase subunits, and an outer membrane cytochrome c were among the most highly expressed proteins and suggest an involvement in the process of aerobic, neutrophilic bacterial Fe oxidation. Proteins associated with alternative complex III, phosphate transport, carbon fixation, and biofilm formation were abundant, consistent with the lifestyle of Mariprofundus.
A New Method for Production of Nondendritic Semisolid ZA27 Alloy

In this article, a new method for the production of nondendritic semisolid ZA27 alloy available for thixoforming was developed. The results indicated that a semisolid microstructure with small and spherical primary particles could be obtained when the alloy had been treated for 3 h at 370°C and then partially remelted at semisolid temperature of 460°C. This method could not only overcome some inevitable shortcomings resulting from using some present popular approaches but also simplify the procedure of thixoforming. The coarsening of dendritic arms through merging during solid solution treatment and then separating from the dendrites during partial remelting were the main methods by which such a microstructure was formed.
Potassium leakage primes stored erythrocytes for phosphatidylserine exposure and shedding of pro‐coagulant vesicles

During storage, erythrocytes undergo changes that alter their clearance and function after transfusion and there is increasing evidence that these changes contribute to the complications observed in transfused patients. Stored erythrocytes were incubated overnight at 37°C to mimic the temperature after transfusion. After incubation, several markers for erythrocyte damage were analysed. After overnight incubation, stored erythrocytes showed increased potassium leakage, haemolysis, PS exposure and vesicle formation, and all these effects increased with increasing storage time. Furthermore, we demonstrated that long‐term stored erythrocytes develop decreased flippase activity and increased scrambling activity after overnight incubation, leading to PS exposure and the release of vesicles. Reduced intracellular potassium was identified as the cause of the decreased flippase activity. Lastly, we provide evidence that erythrocytes can return to a PS‐negative state by shedding parts of their membrane as PS‐containing vesicles and that these vesicles can serve as a platform for the coagulation cascade. These findings reveal that potassium leakage, a well‐known phenomenon of prolonged erythrocyte storage, primes erythrocytes for PS exposure. PS exposure will lead to vesicle formation and might have an important impact on the post‐transfusion function and side effects of stored erythrocytes.
Retina Mutation Spectrum of the LRP 5 , NDP , and TSPAN 12 Genes in Chinese Patients With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy

Citation: Tang M, Sun L, Hu A, et al. Mutation spectrum of the LRP5, NDP, and TSPAN12 genes in Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:5949–5957. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22577 PURPOSE. LRP5, NDP, and TSPAN12 are known to be associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). In this study, a comprehensive mutation screening for the three genes was performed in patients with a clinical diagnosis of FEVR in Han Chinese.
CXXC5 (Retinoid-Inducible Nuclear Factor, RINF) is a Potential Therapeutic Target in High-Risk Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The retinoid-responsive gene CXXC5 localizes to the 5q31.2 chromosomal region and encodes a retinoid-inducible nuclear factor (RINF) that seems important during normal myelopoiesis. We investigated CXXC5/RINF expression in primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 594 patients, and a wide variation in CXXC5/RINF mRNA levels was observed both in the immature leukemic myeloblasts and in immature acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Furthermore, patients with low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities showed significantly lower levels compared to patients with high-risk abnormalities, and high RINF/CXXC5/ mRNA levels were associated with decreased overall survival for patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. This association with prognosis was seen both when investigating (i) an unselected patient population as well as for patients with (ii) normal cytogenetic and (iii) core-binding factor AML. CXXC5/RINF knockdown in AML cell lines caused increased susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and regulation of apoptosis also seemed to differ between primary human AML cells with high and low RINF expression. The association with adverse prognosis together with the antiapoptotic effect of CXXC5/RINF suggests that targeting of CXXC5/RINF should be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy, especially in high-risk patients who show increased expression in AML cells compared with normal hematopoietic cells.
Effects of 16-week functional movement screen training program on strength and flexibility of elite high school baseball players

Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a way to pretest functional movement. This study examined the effects of the FMS training program on the strength and flexibility of 62 elite male high school baseball players (31 in the training group, 31 in the control group). All players who received less than two points on each FMS test item had to join the 16-week, three times weekly FMS training program. To analyze results among the FMS participants, measures including intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and repeated measure ANOVA were utilized. The Kappa coefficient was 0.805 when the intraclass correlation coefficient of the three participants was inspected. Strength showed a significant interaction depending on time and group (hand grip strength: P=0.011, bench press and squat both for one-repetition maximum (1RM): P=0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). Back muscle strength did not show a significant difference (P=0.660). Trunk forward flexion showed no interaction depending on time and groups (P=0.983) but trunk extension backward showed significant differences depending on groups (P=0.004) and time (P=0.001). Splits showed a significant difference depending on time and groups (P=0.004). The FMS training program improved the strength and flexibility of elite high school baseball players.
Pediatric Anesthesia

For those who are interested in the advancement of pediatric surgery, it has long been obvious that improvements should be made in anesthesia for infants and children. Much credit should go to Drs. Leigh and Beltom for their important efforts in this direction. The present volume is based on an extensive experience with anesthesia technics in young subjects and hence bears a mark of authority. The book is a good source of reference data for those who are called upon to work in this field.