Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutant CAG repeats of Huntingtin transcript fold into hairpins, form nuclear foci and are targets for RNA interference

The CAG repeat expansions that occur in translated regions of specific genes can cause human genetic disorders known as polyglutamine (poly-Q)-triggered diseases. Huntington’s disease and spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) are examples of these diseases in which underlying mutations are localized near other trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) and androgen receptor (AR) genes, respectively. Mutant proteins that contain expanded polyglutamine tracts are well-known triggers of pathogenesis in poly-Q diseases, but a toxic role for mutant transcripts has also been proposed. To gain insight into the structural features of complex triplet repeats of HTT and AR transcripts, we determined their structures in vitro and showed the contribution of neighboring repeats to CAG repeat hairpin formation. We also demonstrated that the expanded transcript is retained in the nucleus of human HD fibroblasts and is colocalized with the MBNL1 protein. This suggests that the CAG repeats in the HTT mRNA adopt ds-like RNA conformations in vivo. The intracellular structure of the CAG repeat region of mutant HTT transcripts was not sufficiently stable to be protected from cleavage by an siRNA targeting the repeats and the silencing efficiency was higher for the mutant transcript than for its normal counterpart.
The effect of evolutionary coupling on software defects: an industrial case study on a legacy system

Evolutionary coupling is defined as the implicit relationship between two or more software artifacts that are frequently changed together. In this study we investigate the effect of evolutionary coupling on defect proneness of a large financial legacy software in an industrial software development environment. We collected historical data for 5 years from 3 different software repositories containing 150 thousand files on 274 modules. Our results indicate that there is a positive correlation between evolutionary coupling and defect measures. Furthermore, we built linear and logistic regression models by using evolutionary coupling measures in order to explain defects. Although regression analysis results show that evolutionary coupling measures can be useful to explain defects, especially for modules in which high correlation is detected, explanatory power decreases dramatically with the decreasing correlation.
The Theory of the Spatial Diffusion of Innovations: A Spacious Cul-De-Sac

This article critically reviews the progress that has been made in the spatial diffusion theory of innovations, particularly since the last review in Progress in Geography (Brown arid Moore, 1969). Such an undertaking prompts two related questions-progress for whom, and by what criteria do we judge ‘progress’? Almost all social sciences have been undergoing an increasing degree of self-examination and criticism, whereby the ‘half-life’ of theories and paradigms has consistently become shorter-partly due to the increasing output of research itself, and to changes in the world political economy. Geography has been a part of this process, although the impulses have usually been transmitted from without, and received and reinterpreted by practitioners within. There are two reasons for this which concern the nature of space itself as well as the nature of those who study it. First, space is precisely what the political economy makes it; second, the way in which space is studied is inherently ideological. To take the first proposition, it is clear that space in human geography implies relationships between man and ‘nature’ and man and man. Since man usually enters into social relations of producti6n in order to earn a livelihood and reproduce himself, spatial relations are derived from and defined by production relations. Indeed how ‘nature’ is defined and how men relate to each other is a result of the mode of production itself (natural resources are not, they become). Thus ‘geographers are belatedly realizing that man’s organization of space and use of environments reflects his social organization’ Uohnston, 1976). Criteria for evaluating progress and the nature of space
The sensitivity of Lick indices to abundance variations

We present results of model atmosphere/line formation calculations which quantitatively test how the 21 classical and four higher-order Balmer-line Lick/IDS indices (Worthey et al. 1994, ApJS, 94, 687; Worthey & Ottaviani 1997, ApJS, 111, 377) depend on individual elemental abundances (of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium, silicon, chromium, titanium) and overall metallicity in various stellar evolutionary stages and at various metallicities. At low metallici- ties the effects of an overall enhancement of α-elements are also investigated. The general results obtained by Tripicco & Bell (1995, ApJ, 110, 3035) at solar metallicity are confirmed, while details do differ. Tables are given detailing to which element every index reacts significantly, as a function of evolutionary stage and composition. This work validates a number of assumptions implicitly made in the stellar population models of Thomas et al. (2003a, MNRAS, 339, 897), which utilized the results of Tripicco & Bell (1995) to include the effects of element abundance ratios variations. In particular, these computations confirm that fractional changes to index strengths computed at solar metallicity (and solar age) can be applied over a wide range of abundances and ages, also to model old stellar populations with non-solar abundance ratios. The use of metallicity-dependent response functions not only leads to a higher degree of self-consistency in the stellar population models, but is even required for the proper modelling of the Balmer-line indices. We find that the latter become increasingly sensitive to element abundances with increasing metallicity and decreasing wavelength. While Hβ still responds only moderately to abundance ratio variations, the higher-order Balmer-line indices Hγ and Hδ display very strong dependencies at high metallicities. As shown in Thomas et al. (2004, MNRAS, 351, L19), this result allows to remove systematic effects in age determinations based on different Balmer-line indices.
Out-of-core distance transforms

This paper presents a method for computing distance fields from large volumetric models. Conventional methods have strict limits in terms of the amount of memory space available, as all volumetric models must be allocated to the random access memory (RAM) to compute distance fields. We resolve this problem through an out-of-core strategy. Our algorithm starts by decomposing volumetric models into small regions known as clusters, and distance fields are then computed by Local Distance Transform (LDT) and Inter-Cluster Propagation (ICP). LDT computes the distance transform for each cluster, and since it is independent, other clusters can also be saved to the storage medium. ICP propagates the distance at the boundary of the cluster to neighboring clusters to remove inconsistency in distance fields. In addition, we propose an efficient ordering algorithm based on the propagated distance to reduce LDT and ICP. This paper also demonstrates the results of distance transform from volumetric models with over a billion cells.
Evaluation of the simulation of the annual cycle of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice coverages by 11 major global climate models

[1] Comparison of polar sea ice results from 11 major global climate models (GCMs) and satellite-derived observations for 1979–2004 reveals that each of the models is simulating annual cycles that are phased at least approximately correctly in both hemispheres. Each is also simulating various key aspects of the observed ice cover distributions, such as winter ice not only throughout the central Arctic basin but also throughout Hudson Bay, despite its relatively low latitudes. However, some of the models simulate too much ice, others simulate too little ice (in some cases depending on hemisphere and/or season), and some match the observations better in one season versus another. Several models do noticeably better in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, and one does noticeably better in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere all simulate monthly average ice extents to within ±5.1 × 106 km2 of the observed ice extent throughout the year; in the Southern Hemisphere all except one simulate the monthly averages to within ±6.3 × 106 km2 of the observed values. All the models properly simulate a lack of winter ice to the west of Norway; however, most obtain more ice immediately north of Norway than the observations show, suggesting an under simulation of the North Atlantic Current. The spread in monthly averaged ice extents among the 11 model simulations is greater in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere and greatest in the Southern Hemisphere winter and spring.
Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Illness in Children That Do and Do Not Attend Child Day Care Centers: A Cost-of-Illness Study

Background Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases are major causes of morbidity for young children, particularly for those children attending child day care centers (DCCs). Although both diseases are presumed to cause considerable societal costs for care and treatment of illness, the extent of these costs, and the difference of these costs between children that do and do not attend such centers, is largely unknown. Objective Estimate the societal costs for care and treatment of episodes of gastroenteritis (GE) and influenza-like illness (ILI) experienced by Dutch children that attend a DCC, compared to children that do not attend a DCC. Methods A web-based monthly survey was conducted among households with children aged 0–48 months from October 2012 to October 2013. Households filled-in a questionnaire on the incidence of GE and ILI episodes experienced by their child during the past 4 weeks, on the costs related to care and treatment of these episodes, and on DCC arrangements. Costs and incidence were adjusted for socioeconomic characteristics including education level, nationality and monthly income of parents, number of children in the household, gender and age of the child and month of survey conduct. Results Children attending a DCC experienced higher rates of GE (aIRR 1.4 [95%CI: 1.2–1.9]) and ILI (aIRR: 1.4 [95%CI: 1.2–1.6]) compared to children not attending a DCC. The societal costs for care and treatment of an episode of GE and ILI experienced by a DCC-attending child were estimated at €215.45 [€115.69–€315.02] and €196.32 [€161.58–€232.74] respectively, twice as high as for a non-DCC-attending child. The DCC-attributable economic burden of GE and ILI for the Netherlands was estimated at €25 million and €72 million per year. Conclusions Although children attending a DCC experience only slightly higher rates of GE and ILI compared to children not attending a DCC, the costs involved per episode are substantially higher.
The attraction of adjunct faculty to rural community colleges

THE ATTRACTION OF ADJUNCT FACULTY TO RURAL COMMUNITY COLLEGES Hara Dracon Charlier Old Dominion University, 2010 Director: Dr. Mitchell R. Williams As rural community colleges face mounting fiscal pressure, the ability to attract adjunct faculty members to support the institutional mission becomes increasingly important. Although the professional literature documents differences between rural, suburban, and urban community colleges, the effect of this institutional diversity on the role and attraction of adjunct faculty has not been explored. The purpose of this crosssectional, national study of chief academic officers (CAOs) was to examine the impact of institutional type on the reliance on and demand for adjunct faculty across teaching disciplines and explore the applicability of the applicant attraction model (Rynes & Barber, 1990) to meet that demand. An instrument was developed and validated to assess the level of reliance on and unmet demand for adjunct faculty, and the extent to which applicant attraction strategies are being used in the areas of recruitment, employment inducement, and the consideration of alternate applicant pools. The survey was electronically distributed to 887 CAOs of publicly-supported American Association of Community College member institutions. Rural institutions rely less on adjunct faculty than non-rural institutions, while both rural and urban institutions have high levels of unmet demand for adjunct faculty. This demand is evident in traditional high-demand disciplines of Natural and Physical Sciences, Engineering and Industrial Technologies, Health Technologies, and Nursing. Additionally, rural institutions have greater unmet need than suburban institutions in Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Business, and Computer Technologies. Limited applicant pools and difficulty competing for candidates are contributing factors. To meet the demand for adjuncts, institutions are using strategies consistent with the applicant attraction model in the areas of recruitment, employment inducement, and the consideration of alternate applicant pools, with rural institutions using strategies more frequently than non-rural institutions. The study suggests methods for understanding the role of adjunct faculty and highlights attraction strategies being used in rural, suburban, and urban community colleges. Practitioners are advised to develop a strategic plan, based on the applicant attraction model, in which regional factors and institutional needs drive decisions about attraction strategies. Academic leaders are urged to recognize investment in adjunct faculty as an investment in the institution.
A wavelet-based bootstrap method applied to inertial sensor stochastic error modelling using the Allan variance

A wavelet-based bootstrap method is proposed to generate surrogate data from inertial sensor noise time series and to construct bootstrap-based confidence intervals of selected parameters which are used to characterize their noise performance. The Allan variance, its links with wavelets and the whitening action of wavelet decompositions applied to long-memory stochastic processes are considered in developing the theory behind the proposed method. The conditions for the wavelet-based bootstrap method to work are discussed in the face of idiosyncrasies of inertial sensors, especially microelectromechanical systems-based (MEMS) inertial sensors. Computer simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the method and its power in doing the statistical inference from a moderately small-size dataset; additionally, the wavelet-based bootstrap method is applied to the task of stochastic error characterization, in the case of a MEMS orientation sensor, which integrates a tri-axis gyro and a tri-axis accelerometer.
Socrates in the Boardroom: Why Research Universities Should Be Led by Top Scholars

Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii CHAPTER ONE: The Argument 1 CHAPTER TWO: Leaders of the World's Top Universities 24 CHAPTER THREE: Deans of the Top Business Schools 46 CHAPTER FOUR: Is There Longitudinal Evidence That Scholars Improve the Performance of Their Universities? 55 CHAPTER FIVE: Why Choose Leaders Who Are Scholars? What University Presidents Say about It 79 CHAPTER SIX: How Do Leaders Get Selected? 106 CHAPTER SEVEN: Expert Leaders among Professionals, in Sport and the Arts 124 CHAPTER EIGHT: In Conclusion 136 APPENDIX ONE: Data Collection 141 APPENDIX TWO: Bibliometric Data 147 APPENDIX THREE: The Sample of Universities and Business Schools 153 APPENDIX FOUR: The Decline of Nobel Prizes in Europe 159 APPENDIX FIVE: Analysis of All Departments (Those Rated Top-5 in the RAE) 163 APPENDIX SIX: Notes from a Department Head 167 References 169 Index 181
Roles in IL-6 Signal Transduction Full-Length Glycoprotein 130 Have Different The Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Motifs in

The function of the signal-transducing receptor subunit glycoprotein 130 (gp130) in the IL-6-receptor complex has previously been studied using carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants or a truncated molecule of ; 60 membrane-proximal amino acids (containing box 1 and box 2) linked to the individual gp130 tyrosine motifs. However, the redundancy of the tyrosine motifs within the cytoplasmic part of gp130 has been neglected. Here we describe the analysis of the function of the individual cytoplasmic tyrosine residues of gp130 in the context of the full-length receptor protein in IL-6 signaling as measured by STAT activation, acute phase protein induction, and stimulation of proliferation. Add-back receptor mutants containing only one cytoplasmic tyrosine have been generated and tested for their efﬁciency in IL-6 signal transduction. Our studies revealed that tyrosine motifs which have been described to recruit STAT proteins are not equivalent with respect to their potential to activate STAT factors and acute phase protein gene promoters: the two distal tyrosines, Tyr 905 and Tyr 915 , of gp130 were more potent than Tyr 767 and Tyr 814 . Sur-prisingly, Tyr 905 and Tyr 915 mediate acute phase protein gene promoter activation stronger than the wild-type receptor containing all six cytoplasmic tyrosine residues. In contrast, Ba/F3 cells stably transfected with add-back receptors containing Tyr 767 or Tyr 905 were more sensitive to IL-6-induced proliferation than cells expressing the other add-back receptor mutants. Thus, the tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic part of gp130 were found to contribute differentially to IL-6 signal transduction in the full-length gp130 protein. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 848–854.
A Review of the Research Literature on Teacher Recruitment and Retention

In the face of a growing school-age population, U.S. schools and school districts are struggling to maintain teaching standards while recruiting bright new teachers and retaining their most-effective ones. This literature review represents a comprehensive and critical examination of research published since 1980 on the topic of teacher recruitment and retention in the United States. It provides an understanding of the patterns governing the entry and exit of individuals into and from teaching.
Interference Alignment with Partially Coordinated Transmit Precoding

In this paper, we introduce an efficient interference alignment (IA) algorithm exploiting partially coordinated transmit precoding to improve the number of concurrent interference-free transmissions, i.e., the multiplexing gain, in multicell downlink. The proposed coordination model is such that each base-station simultaneously transmits to two users and each user is served by two base-stations. First, we show in a K-user system operating at the information theoretic upper bound of degrees of freedom (DOF), the generic IA is proper when $K \leq 3$, whereas the proposed partially coordinated IA is proper when $K \leq 5$. Then, we derive a non-iterative, i.e., one shot, IA algorithm for the proposed scheme when $K \leq 5$. We show that for a given latency, the backhaul data rate requirement of the proposed method grows linearly with K. Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the proposed one-shot algorithm offers higher system throughput than the iterative IA at practical SNR levels.
NOGAPS-ALPHA model simulations of stratospheric ozone during the SOLVE2 campaign

This paper presents three-dimensional prognostic O 3 simulations with parameterized gas-phase photochemistry from the new NOGAPS-ALPHA middle atmosphere forecast model. We compare 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of stratospheric O 3 with satellite and DC-8 aircraft measurements for two cases during the SOLVE II campaign: (1) the cold, isolated vortex during 11-16 January 2003; and (2) the rapidly developing stratospheric warming of 17-22 January 2003. In the first case we test three different photochemistry parameterizations. NOGAPS-ALPHA O 3 simulations using the NRL-CHEM2D parameterization give the best agreement with SAGE III and POAM III profile measurements. 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of polar O 3 initialized with the NASA GEOS4 analyses produce better agreement with observations than do the operational ECMWF O 3 forecasts of case 1. For case 2, both NOGAPS-ALPHA and ECMWF 114-h forecasts of the split vortex structure in lower stratospheric O 3 on 21 January 2003 show comparable skill. Updated ECMWF O 3 forecasts of this event at hour 42 display marked improvement from the 114-h forecast; corresponding updated 42-hour NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O 3 fields initialized with the GEOS4 analyses do not improve significantly. When NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O 3 is initialized with the higher resolution ECMWF O 3 analyses, the NOGAPS-ALPHA 42-hour lower stratospheric O 3 fields closely match the operational 42-hour ECMWF O 3 forecast of the 21 January event. We find that stratospheric O 3 forecasts at high latitudes in winter can depend on both model initial conditions and the treatment of photochemistry over periods of 1-5 days. Overall, these results show that the new O 3 initialization, photochemistry parameterization, and spectral transport in the NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP model can provide reliable short-range stratospheric O 3 forecasts during Arctic winter.
The effect of alternating shifts on the quality of life and career satisfaction of emergency physicians in Saudi Arabia: A survey study

Background: The Department of Emergency Medicine (EM) provides critical medical care to patients at all times. Providing medical care, especially at night, has led physicians to work in alternating shifts. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of alternating shifts on the quality of life and career satisfaction among emergency physicians (EP). Design: This was a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study. Settings: EM departments of major government and private hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An e-survey-based study using a structured questionnaire was conducted on 234 board-certified EP in 2017. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: Most EM physicians (59.4%) were either satisfied or very satisfied in their career, with a majority (39.7%) admitting that shift alternations influenced their job satisfaction. While 52.6% of the physicians denied that shift alternations caused them to think about leaving EM, about 15% admitted that it is a major factor. Approximately, 40.6% of participating physicians believed that shift alternations moderately impacted their social and family life. About 88.1% of physicians believed that one or more medical conditions are primarily caused or aggravated by shift alternations; only 11.9% reported no direct impact on their health. Female physicians; singles; physicians with children, evening shifts, and higher number of shifts; and physicians with less years of experience reported less satisfaction. Physicians with equal distribution of shift times, older age, and more nonclinical hours or with part-time jobs showed more satisfaction. Conclusions: EM physicians report a moderate-to-major negative impact on their social, family, and healthy life due to the constant alternation of shifts. However, the effect did not cause them to think about leaving EM and most of them had high career satisfaction.
Identifying Narrative Clause Types in Personal Stories

This paper describes work on automatically identifying categories of narrative clauses in personal stories written by ordinary people about their daily lives and experiences. We base our approach on Labov & Waletzky’s theory of oral narrative which categorizes narrative clauses into subtypes, such as ORIENTATION, ACTION and EVALUATION. We describe an experiment where we annotate 50 personal narratives from weblogs and experiment with methods for achieving higher annotation reliability. We use the resulting annotated corpus to train a classifier to automatically identify narrative categories, achieving a best average F-score of . 658, which rises to an F-score of . 767 on the cases with the highest annotator agreement. We believe the identified narrative structure will enable new types of computational analysis of narrative discourse.