Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Social Construction of Research Advice: The American Accounting Association Plays Miss Lonelyhearts

ABSTRACT The control of important outcomes in academic accounting by the faculties of a small set of elite institutions has been well documented through a series of outcomes. Less is known about the processes by which this is sustained over time. This paper considers the advice provided to young scholars as one means whereby the social hierarchy is reproduced. Eight specific mechanisms are analyzed and found to bolster belief in the objective meritocracy of ideas in the discipline. Building upon the faux advice provided by Nathanael West's fictional Miss Lonelyhearts, the paper concludes that the stabilizing point embedded in the system is the necessity of people's acceptance of their own inadequacy.
Perceived benefits and barriers to physical exercise participation of first year university students

Regular participation in exercise is associated with disease prevention and provides many benefits. Physical exercise plays a key role in the promotion of good health. However, very few young people participate in physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived benefits and barriers to participation in physical exercise among first year students in a South African university. A quantitative approach was used. Academics at three different campuses at Vaal University of Technology (South Africa) administered an adapted version of the Exercise Benefits Barriers Scale (EBBS) to first year entering university students. Descriptive, one-way repeated measure ANOVA and independent t-tests were applied to determine the perceived benefits and barriers associated with participation in physical exercise. The study identified lack of facilities and tiredness as the constraining factors. Improved health, physical performance, psychological outlook and life enhancement were perceived as the strongest benefits. First year students perceive participating in exercising to have more benefits than adverse effects. As a result, students will be more motivated to overcome the barriers they face and hinder them in their participation in physical exercise in order to make physical exercise part of their daily lives.
From Stakeholder to Stakeholder Management in Crisis Episodes: A Case Study in a Public Transportation Company

Stakeholder perspectives on crisis management provide a useful descriptive framework to analyse crises and to develop crisis narratives. However, their ‘actionability’ for crisismanagement, i.e. the possibility to use stakeholder management models in operationalcrisis management processes, remains an under-investigated research question. Thisarticle, built on a qualitative case study of successful crisis management in a publictransportation company, discusses the operational value of stakeholder frameworks forcrisis management.We investigate the actions set up by the crisis cell to manage internaland external stakeholders during the crisis. The successful management of the crisisinvolved: (1) good stakeholder diagnostic capabilities to design an appropriate corporatepositioning; (2) an ability to identify and coherently manage emerging and heterogeneousissues involving stakeSholders, i.e. actors that are concerned with multiple issues of thecrisis; and (3) the capacity to set up a tightly coupled ad hoc organization, articulatingboth crisis cell members and various ‘anchorage points’, i.e. actors previously involved inthe project. Finally, we discuss the implications and potential value of stakeholderperspectives for crisis management.
The Effect of Colored Lenses on the Visual Evoked Response in Children With Visual Stress

Purpose. Some children with visual stress and/or headaches have fewer symptoms when wearing colored lenses. Although subjective reports of improved perception exist, few objective correlates of these effects have been established. Methods. In a pilot study, 10 children who wore Intuitive Colorimeter lenses, and claimed benefit, and two asymptomatic children were tested. Steady-state potentials were measured in response to low contrast patterns modulating at a frequency of 12 Hz. Four viewing conditions were compared: 1) no lens; 2) Colorimeter lens; 3) lens of complementary color; and 4) spectrally neutral lens with similar photopic transmission. Results. The asymptomatic children showed little or no difference between the lens and no lens conditions. When all the symptomatic children were tested together, a similar result was found. However, when the symptomatic children were divided into two groups depending on their symptoms, an interaction emerged. Children with visual stress but no headaches showed the largest amplitude visual evoked potential response in the no lens condition, whereas those children whose symptoms included severe headaches or migraine showed the largest amplitude visual evoked potential response when wearing their prescribed lens. Conclusions. The results suggest that it is possible to measure objective correlates of the beneficial subjective perceptual effects of colored lenses, at least in some children who have a history of migraine or severe headaches.
An approach to implement interactive teaching in blended learning environments

The use of electronic response systems in classrooms can be effective, especially when coupled with a method allowing a question to be broken into manageable interactive questions. This paper develops the use of electronic response systems as a part of leading assessment delivery and data collection solutions in a blended learning environment. The technology that is the subject of this research consists of thirty-button response cards that transmit student responses to a receiver connected to the instructor laptop. The electronic response systems are proven to enhance the effective instructions, increase retentions, engage participants, and immediately assess understanding.
Organizational Identity and Learning: A Psychodynamic Perspective

Organizations are prone to ego defenses, such as denial, rationalization, idealization, fantasy, and symbolization, that maintain collective self-esteem and the continuity of existing identity. These defenses are dysfunctional when they militate against necessary organizational change. Maladaptive identity defense mechanisms can be mitigated through processes of organizational learning in the form of critical self-reflexivity and an identity-focused dialogue, which promote attitudes of wisdom.
An Assessment of the Merits of Selective Nuclear Proliferation

We assume that in a conflict between a nation with a nuclear capability and one without, the conflict may become nuclear, while, in a conflict between two nuclear powers, the conflict is unlikely to become nuclear by reason of fear of retaliation. Then, as the number of nations with nuclear weapons increases, the chance of bilateral conflict becoming nuclear initially increases and then decreases to zero when all nations are nuclearly armed. Empirical evidence suggests that nuclear deterrence does in fact work in the way the model assumes. We set forth an expected utility model for initiating conflict when nuclear weapons are held by both sides, by one side, and by neither side. While there are dangers in proliferation, these dangers may not be as great as dangers of asymmetry in nuclear power.
Ultrasound diagnosis of complete uterine inversion in a nulliparous woman

Non‐puerperal uterine inversion is an extremely rare event, and the diagnosis is made during vaginal examination or exploratory laparotomy. We report a case of complete uterine inversion which was diagnosed on abdominal ultrasound examination in a 50‐year‐old nulliparous virgin who was admitted to the hospital because of profuse vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain and anuria. The confirmatory diagnosis of complete uterine inversion secondary to a fundal fibroid was made at exploratory laparotomy. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed, and the pathological examination confirmed its benign nature. Ultrasound evaluation is useful in the diagnosis of non‐puerperal uterine inversion.
Cathodic oxygen reduction catalyzed by bacteria in microbial fuel cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the potential to combine wastewater treatment efficiency with energetic efficiency. One of the major impediments to MFC implementation is the operation of the cathode compartment, as it employs environmentally unfriendly catalysts such as platinum. As recently shown, bacteria can facilitate sustainable and cost-effective cathode catalysis for nitrate and also oxygen. Here we describe a carbon cathode open to the air, on which attached bacteria catalyzed oxygen reduction. The bacteria present were able to reduce oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor using electrons provided by the solid-phase cathode. Current densities of up to 2.2 A m 2 cathode projected surface were obtained (0.303±0.017 W m , 15 W m 3 total reactor volume). The cathodic microbial community was dominated by Sphingobacterium, Acinetobacter and Acidovorax sp. , according to 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Isolates of Sphingobacterium sp. and Acinetobacter sp. were obtained using H2/O2 mixtures. Some of the pure culture isolates obtained from the cathode showed an increase in the power output of up to three-fold compared to a non-inoculated control, that is, from 0.015±0.001 to 0.049±0.025 W m 2 cathode projected surface. The strong decrease in activation losses indicates that bacteria function as true catalysts for oxygen reduction. Owing to the high overpotential for non-catalyzed reduction, oxygen is only to a limited extent competitive toward the electron donor, that is, the cathode. Further research to refine the operational parameters and increase the current density by modifying the electrode surface and elucidating the bacterial metabolism is warranted. The ISME Journal (2008) 2, 519–527; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008. 1; published online 21 February 2008 Subject Category: microbial engineering
S protein/vitronectin in chronic liver diseases: correlations with serum cholinesterase, coagulation factor X and complement component C3

S protein/vitronectin plays an important role as a regulatory component in the terminal steps of the complement‐ and coagulation cascades. In patients suffering from chronic liver diseases, plasma S protein concentration was measured and compared with changes in serum cholinesterase activity, coagulation factor X activity and complement component C3 concentration. Significant decreases of all these proteins were seen in liver cirrhosis. Changes in S protein concentration correlated closely with those of cholinesterase, factor X and complement C3. The data give support for the liver as the main organ of plasma S protein/vitronectin synthesis.
The Process of Social Identification for Visible Immigrant Women in a Multicultural Context

Haitian and Indian women rated their identification with (self-perceptions), and the extent to which they believed majority Canadians perceived them as being (metaperceptions), Haitian or Indian, immigrant, and Canadian. Self-perceptions and metaperceptions were compared in order to understand the quality of integration for the two sample An attempt was made to predict self-perceptions on the basis of pragmatic (years in Canada, age at arrival, citizenship status) and social psychological (motivation for culture retention, perceived discrimination) predictors in a series of multiple regression analyses. Although both samples expressed a strong identification with their ethnic groups, different results emerged for immigrant and Canadian identifications. Identity perceptions for these labels were more closely related to pragmatic predictors for the Indian, whereas social psychological variables were more predictive for the Haitian. The results are discussed in relation to the different visibility of the two groups as well as other salient factors in a multicultural context.
Leading major congenital malformations among minority groups in the United States, 1981-1986.

A schottky diode and process of manufacture therefor is disclosed wherein a schottky junction is formed between a high work function metal, typically molybdenum, and a single crystal intermetallic alloy of either palladium or platinum with silicon. The intermetallic alloy is formed by sintering palladium or platinum with silicon at the surface of an epitaxial silicon layer, and then removing, by etching, all of the silicide which is formed. The intermetallic layer remains after the etching process. When using platinum as the metal to form to silicide, the platinum is sheathed with molybdenum before sintering. A titanium layer is placed between the surface of the high work function metal and the outer conductive layers used to permit soldering of the finished wafer or chip in place to avoid degradation of the junction during solder-down.
Expectation-driven autonomous learning and interaction system

We introduce our latest autonomous learning and interaction system instance ALIS 2. It comprises different sensing modalities for visual (depth blobs, planar surfaces, motion) and auditory (speech, localization) signals and self-collision free behavior generation on the robot ASIMO. The system design emphasizes the split into a completely autonomous reactive layer and an expectation generation layer. Different feature channels can be classified and named with arbitrary speech labels in on-line learning sessions. The feasibility of the proposed approach is shown by interaction experiments.
A Cohort Practicum Model: Physical Education Student Teachers' Experience

The Faculty of Education at the University of Alberta has recently moved to a cohort practicum policy that encompasses a reflective practitioner model, encouraging whole-school experiences while maintaining positive one-on-one mentorships. The intent of this case study was to investigate the lived world of 10 physical education student teachers who were placed together in groups of five at two secondary school sites for their final eight-week field experience. Specifically, the benefits of the cohort experience were explored through a continual process of triangulation, employing a variety of data-collecting techniques: observing and recording field notes, conversing, journal-writing, and interviewing. Findings revealed overwhelmingly positive responses to the cohort field experience, as expressed by the participating student teachers and cooperating teachers through the emergent themes: Collegial Support, Multiple Ways of Knowing and Doing, Lifelong Learning, Time to Talk, Whole- School Experiences, and Becoming Critically Reflective. At the two school sites a supportive learning environment that valued trust, openness, and mutual respect allowed professional growth to occur. What began as a mentorship of a student teacher with a cooperating teacher evolved into a collaboration of "experts. " Having several student teachers in one department was advantageous in many ways, fostering reflective practice, joint thought, and collaborative action. Insights from this study have implications for the preservice education of physical education teachers and other teacher education programs.
Subpopulations of Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Behcet's Disease

Recently, subpopulations of regulatory T (Treg) cells, resting Treg (rTreg) and activated Treg (aTreg), have been discovered. The authors investigated the relationship between the change of Treg, aTreg and rTreg and autoimmune diseases. Treg cells and those subpopulations were analyzed by using the human regulatory T cell staining kit and CD45RA surface marker for 42 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 systemic lupus sclerosis (SLE), 7 Behcet's disease (BD), and 22 healthy controls. The proportion of Treg cells was significantly lower in RA (3.8% ± 1.0%) (P < 0.001) and BD (3.3% ± 0.5%) (P < 0.01) compared to healthy controls (5.0% ± 1.3%). The proportion of aTreg cells was also significantly lower in RA (0.4% ± 0.2%) (P = 0.008) and BD (0.3% ± 0.1%) (P = 0.013) compared to healthy controls (0.6% ± 0.3%). The rTreg cells showed no significant differences. The ratio of aTreg to rTreg was lower in RA patients (0.4% ± 0.2%) than that in healthy controls (0.7% ± 0.4%) (P = 0.002). This study suggests that the decrement of aTreg not rTreg cells contributes the decrement of total Treg cells in peripheral blood of RA and BD autoimmune diseases. Detailed analysis of Treg subpopulations would be more informative than total Treg cells in investigating mechanism of autoimmune disease.
Human traffic—past and present

The essays in this issue are animated by the conference “Human traffic: Past and present,” sponsored by the Center for African and African American Studies (CAAAR) at Duke University in the fall of 2011.1 At this conference, participants sought to engage the multiple dimensions embedded in the complex phenomenon of human trafficking, rethinking, and unthinking some of its more popular frames and tropes, such as its ubiquitous reference to victimization, coercion, criminality, and modern slavery. As participants noted in that gathering, discussions of human trafficking have for the most part been framed through the dimension of “human rights” where “the trafficked” are reduced to commodities in insidious networks of violence and criminality, and are often portrayed as the unsuspecting victims of these criminal elements. Thus, as one blurb advertising an earlier North Carolina conference on the topic declared: “[H]uman trafficking is one of the most profitable and fastest growing criminal enterprises in the world. ” Likewise, activists generally define human trafficking as “the sale, transport and profit from human beings who are forced to work for others,” and this trade, widely considered to be a contemporary equivalent to slavery, takes place both transnationally and nationally. Tied to the rise of prostitution, women and children, who are estimated to comprise 80% of those trafficked, constitute vulnerable groups that are seen to be at higher risk than others. Like indentured servitude of the past, persons are persuaded to leave their present, usually debilitating, situations for what are perceived to be better futures. As participants to the conference observed, however, evidence suggests a certain willingness by persons involved in these activities to risk their lives to realize what they envision, or at least hope, to be a better position for themselves by gaining a foothold in other places besides their “originary” homes. It was also recognized, however, that children are for the most part without the capacities to judge the sorts of risks such movements entail, and therefore face a higher probability of exploitation and abuse. Notwithstanding these broad realities, many conferees contended there is a need to calibrate the experiences of those involved in human trafficking against and within other processes of displacements and movements that are motivated by a general search for an escape from unfreedoms, or states of unhomeliness, that processes like migration entail.
Racial Differences in Household and Family Structure at the Turn of the Century

Using recently available data drawn from the 1910 census manuscripts, this article documents sharp racial differences in family and household structure at the turn of the century. Compared with those of native whites, African-American households were less likely to be nuclear and more likely to be headed by women. Further, African-American women were much more likely than white women to have surviving children who were not living with them at the time of the census. Because such historical differences parallel contemporary ones, the authors call for greater attention to persistent structural, cultural, and demographic factors that affect racial different in family structure.
De Novo Assembly of the Pneumocystis jirovecii Genome from a Single Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Specimen from a Patient

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus that causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. However, its study is hindered by the lack of an in vitro culture method. We report here the genome of P. jirovecii that was obtained from a single bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen from a patient. The major challenge was the in silico sorting of the reads from a mixture representing the different organisms of the lung microbiome. This genome lacks virulence factors and most amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and presents reduced GC content and size. Together with epidemiological observations, these features suggest that P. jirovecii is an obligate parasite specialized in the colonization of human lungs, which causes disease only in immune-deficient individuals. This genome sequence will boost research on this deadly pathogen. IMPORTANCE Pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of mortality in patients with impaired immune systems. The availability of the P. jirovecii genome sequence allows new analyses to be performed which open avenues to solve critical issues for this deadly human disease. The most important ones are (i) identification of nutritional supplements for development of culture in vitro, which is still lacking 100 years after discovery of the pathogen; (ii) identification of new targets for development of new drugs, given the paucity of present treatments and emerging resistance; and (iii) identification of targets for development of vaccines. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of mortality in patients with impaired immune systems. The availability of the P. jirovecii genome sequence allows new analyses to be performed which open avenues to solve critical issues for this deadly human disease. The most important ones are (i) identification of nutritional supplements for development of culture in vitro, which is still lacking 100 years after discovery of the pathogen; (ii) identification of new targets for development of new drugs, given the paucity of present treatments and emerging resistance; and (iii) identification of targets for development of vaccines.
Border Zone Trade and the Economic Boundaries of the State in North-East Ghana

Abstract Focusing on the tri-juncture of Ghana, Togo and Burkina Faso, this article examines the role of cross-border traders in the construction and redefinition of international boundaries. Through the study of the social and spatial patterning of trade surrounding three commodities–imported cloth, beans and shea butter (karite)—it explores the multiple ways the border is endowed with or deprived of significance. When the border is viewed as a socio-geographic region the importance of popular practice to the on-going constitution of state power and presence becomes evident. Résumé Cet article examine, dans la zone de jonction entre le Ghana, le Togo et le Burkina Faso, le rôle des commerçants transfrontaliers dans la construction et la redefinition des frontières internationales. A travers l'étude des modèles sociaux et spatiaux des échanges commerciaux de trois marchandises, à savoir le tissu, le haricot et le beurre de karité, il étudie les aspects multiples de l'importance ou de l'insignifiance que revêt la frontière. Lorsque la frontière est considérée comme une région sociogéographique, l'importance de la pratique populaire quant à la constitution continuelle du pouvoir et de la présence étatiques devient manifeste.