Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Accurate Mitosis Detection - A Lightweight RCNN Approach

The analysis of breast cancer images includes the detection of mitotic figures whose counting is important in the grading of invasive breast cancer. Mitotic figures are difficult to find in the very large whole slide images, as they may look only slightly different from normal nuclei. In the last few years, several convolutional neural network (CNN) systems have been developed for mitosis detection that are able to beat conventional, featurebased approaches. However, these networks contain many layers and many neurons per layer, so both training and actual classification require powerful computers with GPUs. In this paper, we describe a new lightweight region-based CNN methodology we have developed that is able to run on standard machines with only a CPU and can achieve accuracy measures that are almost as good as the best CNN-based system so far in a fraction of the time, when both are run on CPUs. Our system, which includes a feature-based region extractor plus two CNN stages, is tested on the ICPR 2012 and ICPR 2014 datasets, and results are given for accuracy and
Was Venus the first habitable world of our solar system?

Present‐day Venus is an inhospitable place with surface temperatures approaching 750 K and an atmosphere 90 times as thick as Earth's. Billions of years ago the picture may have been very different. We have created a suite of 3‐D climate simulations using topographic data from the Magellan mission, solar spectral irradiance estimates for 2.9 and 0.715 Gya, present‐day Venus orbital parameters, an ocean volume consistent with current theory, and an atmospheric composition estimated for early Venus. Using these parameters we find that such a world could have had moderate temperatures if Venus had a prograde rotation period slower than ~16 Earth days, despite an incident solar flux 46–70% higher than Earth receives. At its current rotation period, Venus's climate could have remained habitable until at least 0.715 Gya. These results demonstrate the role rotation and topography play in understanding the climatic history of Venus‐like exoplanets discovered in the present epoch.
WHEAT KERNEL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MILLING PROCESS

A b s t r a c t . Studies concerning the relations between wheat kernel physical properties and milling properties have been carried out since the beginning of the cereal processing industry. The aim of the present work was to show the application of the most important physical properties of wheat for the evaluation of wheat technological qua lity, especially of the milling properties. The paper presents the relations between wheat kernel p hysical properties and the milling process. Such properties as kernel mass, size, shape, vitreousnes s, density, bulk density and mechanical properties, especially kernel hardness, and their relations bet ween one another and wheat flour milling process and flour properties are described. It can be concluded that such properties as kernel mass, size, shape a nd bulk density are not always good indices of wheat milling value. Wheat hardness is arguably one of the most important factors in assessing the quality of wheat, especially its milling value. Wheat hardness has a great influence on the milling process, especially on tempering, grinding and sieving, and thus on the properties of obtained flour. Mills designed for gr inding both very soft and very hard wheat always involve compromises in design that will affect eith er flour quality or flour yield. Thus the relations between wheat hardness and milling process are described very precisely K e y w o r d s : wheat, physical properties, hardness, mil ling
Impact of Defaulting to Single-Lumen Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters on Patient Outcomes: An Interrupted Time Series Study

Defaulting to single-lumen peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) ordered from non-critical care units resulted in a sustained reduction in PICC-related complications. This system of care is transferrable to other institutions, with potential for improved patient safety and efficiency in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy clinics.
ehydration accelerates respiration in postharvest sugarbeet roots bbas

Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots lose water during storage and often become severely dehydrated after prolonged storage and at the outer regions of storage piles which have greater wind and sun exposure. Sucrose loss is known to be elevated in dehydrated roots, although the metabolic processes responsible for this loss are unknown. To identify processes that contribute to sucrose loss in dehydrated roots, respiration rate, cellular electrolyte leakage, and sucrolytic enzyme activities were determined in roots of two varieties (VDH 66156 and Beta 4797R) during 4 weeks of 10 ◦C storage at high (85%) and low (40%) relative humidities. Roots stored at 40% relative humidity dehydrated significantly and lost almost 50% of their weight after 4 weeks of storage. Electrolyte leakage increased in these roots, indicating that dehydration damaged cellular membranes. Respiration rate generally increased in roots stored at 40% relative humidity compared to roots stored at 85% relative humidity. The increase in respiration rate was positively correlated with root weight loss and electrolyte leakage. Respiration rate was most closely associated with electrolyte leakage, however, suggesting that elevations in respiration rate were not due to dehydration, but to the membrane damage that occurred in response to dehydration. Activities of the sucrose-degrading enzymes, sucrose synthase, alkaline invertase and soluble acid invertase, were unaltered by dehydration. Alterations in sucrolytic enzyme activities, therefore, were not needed to provide for the increased demand for respiratory substrates in dehydrated roots. These results suggest that storage at low relative humidity alters the postharvest physiology of sugarbeet roots by increasing the rate emb of weight loss, reducing m
Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Administration in a Critically Ill Trauma Population

Vancomycin is a first-line antibiotic for empiric treatment of gram-positive infections in the trauma intensive care unit. When dosed intermittently, difficulties arise from trough collection and drug monitoring. The objective of this study was to evaluate time to goal vancomycin levels comparing a continuous infusion protocol when compared to standard intermittent infusion dosing. This was a retrospective cohort of patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit between July 2011 and July 2015 receiving vancomycin for at least 48 hours. In this cohort of 150 patients, continuous infusion vancomycin had a decreased time to goal vancomycin level (2.5 vs 3.8 days, P ≤ .05) with a higher incidence of target attainment (60% vs 40%, P ≤ .05). This reflected in a decrease in average number of blood samples per patient (1 vs 3, P ≤ .05) and shorter duration of therapy (3.8 vs 6.8 days, P ≤ .05). Patients receiving continuous infusion vancomycin also experienced less nephrotoxicity (21% vs 43%, P ≤ .05). Patients in the intermittent infusion group had more missed levels and doses, with only 1 in every 3 patients receiving all intended doses on time. Vancomycin continuous infusion resulted in a decrease in time to goal therapeutic vancomycin levels, number of blood samples required, and therapy duration. Larger trials are needed to validate these outcomes in broad patient groups and to validate the clinical implication and potential cost savings of these results.
Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Bactericidal Protein P128 in Combination with Antibiotics

ABSTRACT P128 is an antistaphylococcal protein, comprising a cell wall-degrading enzymatic region and a Staphylococcus-specific binding region, which possesses specific and potent bactericidal activity against sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. To explore P128's ability to kill S. aureus in a range of environments relevant to clinical infection, we investigated the anti-S. aureus activity of P128 alone and in combination with standard-of-care antibiotics on planktonic and biofilm-embedded cells. P128 was found to have potent antibiofilm activity on preformed S. aureus biofilms as detected by CFU reduction and a colorimetric minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) assay. Scanning electron microscopic images of biofilms formed on the surfaces of microtiter plates and on catheters showed that P128 at low concentrations could destroy the biofilm structure and lyse the cells. When it was tested in combination with antibiotics which are known to be poor inhibitors of S. aureus in biofilms, such as vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, and daptomycin, P128 showed highly synergistic antibiofilm activity that resulted in much reduced MBIC values for P128 and the individual antibiotics. The synergistic effect was seen for both sensitive and resistant isolates of S. aureus. Additionally, in an in vitro mixed-biofilm model mimicking the wound infection environment, P128 was able to prevent biofilm formation by virtue of its anti-Staphylococcus activity. The potent S. aureus biofilm-inhibiting activity of P128 both alone and in combination with antibiotics is an encouraging sign for the development of P128 for treatment of complicated S. aureus infections involving biofilms.
A Large-Scale Attribute Dataset for Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) has attracted huge research attention over the past few years; it aims to learn the new concepts that have never been seen before. Each concept (class) is embedded in two or more modalities, e.g., the image features and semantic embeddings. Attributes are introduced as the intermediate semantic representation to realize the knowledge transfer from seen to unseen classes. Previous ZSL algorithms are tested on several benchmark datasets, which are defective in terms of the image distribution and attribute diversity. In addition, we argue that the "co-occurrence bias problem" of existing datasets, which is caused by the biased co-occurrence of objects, significantly hinders models from correctly learning the concept. To overcome these problems, we propose a Large-scale Attribute Dataset (LAD) with 78,017 images of 230 classes. 359 attributes of visual, semantic and subjective properties are defined and annotated in instance-level. Seven state-of-the-art ZSL algorithms are tested on this new dataset. The experimental results reveal the challenge of implementing ZSL on our dataset. Based on the proposed dataset, Zero-shot Learning Competition of AI Challenger (>110 teams attended) has been organized for promoting ZSL research.
Age-related differences in prestimulus subsequent memory effects assessed with event-related potentials

Prestimulus subsequent memory effects (preSMEs) – differences in neural activity elicited by a task cue at encoding that are predictive of later memory performance – are thought to reflect differential engagement of preparatory processes that benefit episodic memory encoding. The present experiment investigated age differences in preSMEs indexed by differences in ERP amplitude just prior to the onset of a study event. Healthy young and older human adults (both males and females) incidentally encoded words for a subsequent memory test. Each study word was preceded by a task cue that signaled the judgment to perform on the word. Words were presented for either a short (300 ms) or a long (1000 ms) duration with the aim of placing differential benefits on engaging the preparatory processes initiated by the task cue. ERPs associated with subsequent successful and unsuccessful recollection, operationalized here by source memory accuracy, were estimated time-locked to the onset of the task cue. In a late time-window (1000-2000 ms following cue onset), young adults demonstrated frontally-distributed preSMEs in both the short and long conditions, albeit with opposite polarities in the two conditions. This finding suggests that preSMEs in young adults are sensitive to task demands. Although older adults showed no evidence of preSMEs in the same late time window, significant preSMEs were observed in an earlier time window (500-1000 ms) in both encoding conditions. These results are broadly consistent with the proposal that older adults differ from their young counterparts in how they engage preparatory processes during memory encoding.
Dissociable corticostriatal circuits underlie goal‐directed vs. cue‐elicited habitual food seeking after satiation: evidence from a multimodal MRI study

The present multimodal MRI study advances our understanding of the corticostriatal circuits underlying goal‐directed vs. cue‐driven, habitual food seeking. To this end, we employed a computerized Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer paradigm. During the test phase, participants were free to perform learned instrumental responses (left and right key presses) for popcorn and Smarties outcomes. Importantly, prior to this test half of the participants had been sated on popcorn and the other half on Smarties – resulting in a reduced desirability of those outcomes. Furthermore, during a proportion of the test trials, food‐associated Pavlovian cues were presented in the background. In line with previous studies, we found that participants were able to perform in a goal‐directed manner in the absence of Pavlovian cues, meaning that specific satiation selectively reduced responding for that food. However, presentation of Pavlovian cues biased choice toward the associated food reward regardless of satiation. Functional MRI analyses revealed that, in the absence of Pavlovian cues, posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracked outcome value. In contrast, during cued trials, the BOLD signal in the posterior putamen differentiated between responses compatible and incompatible with the cue‐associated outcome. Furthermore, we identified a region in ventral amygdala showing relatively strong functional connectivity with posterior putamen during the cued trials. Structural MRI analyses provided converging evidence for the involvement of corticostriatal circuits: diffusion tensor imaging data revealed that connectivity of caudate‐seeded white‐matter tracts to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted responding for still‐valuable outcomes; and gray matter integrity in the premotor cortex predicted individual Pavlovian cueing effects.
Influence of Si-Ca Oxide on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Calcined Sr1-xLaxFe2n-xCoxOα

Calcined powders with the composition of Sr1-xLaxFe2n-xCoxOα (x=0-0.4) were investigated. The addition amount of Si or Ca oxide and combinations thereof were varied to analyze the effects on microstructure and magnetic properties of the calcined powders. It has been proved that there are interactions between the addition amount of Si-Ca oxide and La-Co oxide; what’s more, the right amount of Si-Ca additives can optimize the performance of the La-Co substituted calcined powders.
Anxious distress in monopolar and bipolar depression: Clinical characteristics and relation with mixed depression in Japan

Based on the effects of anxiety accompanying major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), the DSM-5 introduced the "anxious distress" (ANXD) specifier.1 While several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of major depressive episode (MDE) with ANXD due to MDD,2, 3 to the author's knowledge, those of MDE with ANXD due to BD remain unexplored.
The influence of topic and systemic administration of copaiba oil on the alveolar wound healing after tooth extraction in rats

The Copaiba oil has been used as an auxiliary treatment of inflammations, skin disorders and stomach ulcers, however, in dentistry, this “alternative” medicine has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of topic and systemic administration of copaiba oil on the alveolar wound healing after tooth extraction. Twenty-eight wistar male rats had their lower first molar teeth extracted. Subsequently, they were divided in four groups, according to the treatment performed: (a) alveolar socket irrigation with copaiba oil; (b) alveolar socket irrigation with physiological serum; (c) daily gavage with copaiba oil or (d) daily gavage with physiological serum. After the sacrifice, the mandibles were removed and processed in order to obtain decalcified histological sections. The results demonstrated high level of epithelial migration, small number of inflammatory cells and vascular enhancement in the animals which received systemic administration of copaiba oil. The rats treated with topic administration of copaiba oil presented ulcerations and large number of inflammatory cells. An increased bone neoformation was observed in both groups treated with copaiba oil when compared with placebo group. It could be concluded that topic or systemic administration of copaiba oil leads to a better alveolar bone healing, however the topic application on connective tissue should be carefully considered, regarding the whole socket wound healing. Key words:Alveolar wound healing, oil-resin, copaiba.
Use of the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc) in intervention studies—A systematic review

Background The Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc) is a 9-item measure of the decisional process in medical encounters from both patients’ and physicians’ perspectives. It has good acceptance, feasibility, and reliability. This systematic review aimed to 1) evaluate the use of the SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc in intervention studies on shared decision making (SDM) in clinical settings, 2) describe how the SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc performed regarding sensitivity to change, and 3) assess the methodological quality of studies and study protocols that use the measure. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2010 and October 2015 that evaluated interventions to facilitate SDM. The search strategy comprised three databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline), reference tracking, citation tracking, and personal knowledge. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts as well as full texts of potentially relevant records. We extracted the data using a pilot tested sheet, and we assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Quality Assessment Tools from the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH). Results Five completed studies and six study protocols fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The measure was used in a variety of health care settings, mainly in Europe, to evaluate several types of interventions. The reported mean sum scores ranged from 42 to 75 on a scale from 0 to 100. In four studies no significant change was detected in the mean-differences between main groups. In the fifth study the difference was small. Quality assessment revealed a high risk of bias in four of the five completed studies, while the study protocols received moderate quality ratings. Conclusions We found a wide range of areas in which the SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc were applied. In the future this review may help researchers decide whether the measure fits their purposes. Furthermore, the review revealed risk of bias in previous trials that used the measure, and may help future trials decrease this risk. More research on the measure’s sensitivity to change is strongly suggested.
Predictors of condom use among young adults in South Africa: the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit National Youth Survey.

OBJECTIVES We examined correlates of condom use among a national random probability sample of sexually experienced young adults aged 15 to 24 years (n = 7686) in South Africa. METHODS Using data from the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit National Youth Survey, we conducted gender-stratified bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine predictors of whether respondents had used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse. RESULTS Condom use at sexual debut and talking with one's first sexual partner about condoms were the most significant predictors of condom use at most recent intercourse. Other significant predictors included high condom use self-efficacy, optimism about the future, and reported behavior change attributable to HIV/AIDS. Young adults who were married or had been involved in a relationship for 6 months or more were significantly less likely to have used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to the importance of exposing youths to sexuality education before their sexual debut as well as voluntary counseling and testing and programming that supports young adults, particularly young women, in making informed decisions about sexual intercourse and condoms.
The Benefits of Retrieval Practice Depend on Item Difficulty and Intelligence

The authors examined whether individual differences in fluid intelligence (gF) modulate the testing effect. Participants studied Swahili–English word pairs and repeatedly studied half the pairs or attempted retrieval, with feedback, for the remaining half. Word pairs were easy or difficult to learn. Overall, participants showed a benefit of testing over restudy. However, almost 1/3 of the sample had a negative testing effect and benefitted more from restudy than testing, as well as performing better overall. These individuals self-reported less use of shallower encoding strategies than positive testing effect participants but did not differ in other dimensions. For individuals with a positive testing effect, difficulty had differential effects on participants who scored high or low on a measure of gF, with high gF participants showing larger testing effects for difficult over easy items, whereas low gF participants showed the opposite. Working memory performance was not related to the magnitude of the testing effect; however, vocabulary knowledge revealed a similar pattern as gF, with higher vocabulary associated with a testing effect for difficult but not easy items. This suggests that the benefit of retrieval practice varies with item difficulty and participant abilities. Thus, recommendations to engage in retrieval practice should take into consideration the interactive effects of to-be-learned materials and individual differences in the learners.
INTERACTION BETWEEN CHOLINERGIC AND OPIOID SYSTEMS IN RELAPSE TO ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Objective: To confirm the interaction between cholinergic and opioid systems in alcohol dependence using an animal model. Methods: Experiments were conducted using Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. Mice were conditioned with alcohol, nicotine and combination of both. They were then subjected to postconditioning test, in which their preference scores were measured. Following a period of drug abstinence, they were reinstated by morphine at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg BW to induce relapse. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity measurements were performed at the end of the behavioral tests using Ellman’s method. Results: Priming dose of morphine of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg BW increased significantly the preference score during relapse to alcohol compared with the score in post conditioning test. AChE activity in animal at the time of relapse was significantly different compared to saline treated group. The highest enzyme activity was shown after priming dose of 20 mg/kg BW in group conditioned with alcohol and nicotine. There were no significant differences between the activity of AChE in groups receiving 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg BW of morphine challenge. Conclusion : Result of the present study indicated that morphine challenge in alcohol dependent animals during drug abstinence induces relapse to alcohol dependence. This is accompanied by increased AChE activity suggesting cholinergic-opioid system interaction.