Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will a Second Mouse Get the Cheese? Learning from Early Entrants' Failures in a Foreign Market

We examine the conditions that can facilitate or hinder the effectiveness with which a new entrant learns from the failures of prior entrants by analyzing the experiences of 822 Japanese subsidiaries in China founded between 1979 and 2000. Our conceptual arguments and empirical findings demonstrate that learning from the failure experiences of prior entrants increases a new entrant's survival chances when entering China. Further, we find that the value of this learning is less effective when there is a greater level of heterogeneity in the causes of these failures. However, this learning is more effective when a new entrant's parent firm has ownership ties with investors who had ventures that failed previously in China.
Cerebellar Abnormalities Based on Chemical Neuroanatomy in Cav 2 . 1 Mutant , Rolling Mouse Nagoya

This review summarizes cerebellar abnormalities based on chemical neuroanatomy in the ataxic mutant, rolling mouse Nagoya. This mutant mouse carries a mutation in the gene encoding for the α1A subunit of the voltage-gated P/Q-type Ca channel (Cav2.1), as do tottering, leaner, rocker and wobbly mice, and is a useful model for human neurological diseases such as episodic ataxia type-2 and familial hemiplegic migraine. Whereas no obvious cerebellar deformations are detected in rolling mice, the altered functions of cerebellar cortical neurons can be revealed as expressional changes in molecules related to the regulation of intracellular Ca. The non-enzymatically active form of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was ectopically expressed in zebrin II-positive/heat shock protein 25-negative Purkinje cell population. Although types 1, 2 and 3 ryanodine receptors (RyR1, RyR2 and RyR3) were uniformly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje and/or granular cells in wild-type mice, the rolling cerebellum uniformly exhibited a reduced RyR1 expression in Purkinje cells and a slight enhancement of RyR3 expression in granular cells. An increased Cav2.1 channel expression was also revealed in the deep cerebellar nuclei of rolling mice. On the other hand, increased levels of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators in cerebellar afferents were noted. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunostaining in climbing and mossy fiber subsets was more intense in the rolling cerebellum than in the wild-type mouse cerebellum without changes in the overall distribution. Serotonin immunostaining was also increased in serotonergic fiber terminals in the vermis of rolling mice. Thus, cerebellar abnormalities have been identified in rolling mice by chemical neuroanatomical techniques. Such neurochemical modulation of the cerebellar cortex may well be the key to understanding the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia of Ca channelopathy.
The Historical Role of Accountants and Engineers as CEOs and Board Members in an Australian Conglomerate: An Analysis Using a Weberian Perspective

This paper presents the outcome of a longitudinal cross sectional analysis of the accounting and engineering profession’s representation at a Board and CEO level from 1920-1995 in the Australian conglomerate Pacific Dunlop Limited (Dunlop). The research methodology used being adapted from McKinnon (1986) and the findings being interpreted using a Weberian perspective. Previous research provides conflicting empirical evidence on interprofessional competition at the apex of organizations. This research provides evidence that the conflict between professions is an ongoing struggle and that the most suitable interpretative perspective must be contingent and contextual. Key Concepts: Weberian perspective, professional competition.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Pathogenesis and Outcome of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme

Background Improvement in antiviral therapies have been accompanied by an increased frequency of non-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) defining malignancies, such as glioblastoma multiforme. Here, we investigated all reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with glioblastoma and evaluated their clinical outcomes. A comprehensive review of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms underlying glioblastoma development in the setting of HIV/AIDS is provided. Methods We performed a PubMed search using keywords “HIV glioma” AND “glioblastoma,” and “AIDS glioma” AND “glioblastoma. ” Case reports and series describing HIV-positive patients with glioblastoma (histologically-proven World Health Organization grade IV astrocytoma) and reporting on HAART treatment status, clinical follow-up, and overall survival (OS), were included for the purposes of quantitative synthesis. Patients without clinical follow-up data or OS were excluded. Remaining articles were assessed for data extraction eligibility. Results A total of 17 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 14 (82.4%) were male and 3 (17.6%) were female, with a mean age of 39.5±9.2 years (range 19–60 years). Average CD4 count at diagnosis of glioblastoma was 358.9±193.4 cells/mm3. Tumor progression rather than AIDS-associated complications dictated patient survival. There was a trend towards increased median survival with HAART treatment (12.0 vs 7.5 months, p=0.10) Conclusion Our data suggests that HAART is associated with improved survival in patients with HIV-associated glioblastoma, although the precise mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear.
The discovery of new galaxy members in the NGC 5044 and 1052 groups

We present the results of neutral hydrogen (HI) observations of the NGC 5044 and NGC 1052 groups, as part of a GEMS (Group Evolution Multiwave-length Study) investigation into the formation and evolution of galaxies in nearby groups. Two new group members have been discovered during a wide-field H I maging survey conducted using the ATNF Parkes telescope. These results, as well as those from follow-up H I synthesis and optical imaging, are presented here. J1320 - 1427, a new member of the NGC 5044 group, has an HI mass of M HI = 1.05 x 10 9 M ○. and M HI /L B = 1.65 M ○. /L ○. , with a radial velocity of v = 2750 kms -1 . The optical galaxy is characterized by two regions of star formation, surrounded by an extended, diffuse halo. J0249-0806, the new member of the NGC 1052 group, has M HI =5.4 x 10 8 M ○. , M HI /L R = 1.13 M ○. /L ○. and v = 1450 km s -1 . The optical image reveals a low-surface-brightness galaxy. We interpret both of these galaxies as irregular type, with J0249 - 0806 possibly undergoing first infall into the NGC 1052 group.
Cross-country variation in stillbirth and neonatal mortality in offspring of Turkish migrants in northern Europe.

BACKGROUND Diverse early-life mortality outcomes have been documented in immigrant populations in northern Europe. A recent meta-analysis has suggested that national integration policy is a key factor in understanding this heterogeneous pattern. In this study, we investigated the variation of stillbirth and neonatal mortality between societies in northern Europe in one minority population, the Turkish. METHOD Data on stillbirth and neonatal deaths in 239 387 births during 1990-2005, where the mother was of Turkish origin, was drawn from birth registries or surveys in nine northern European countries. Rates were compared with births from mothers who were born in the society of residence. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusted for year of birth of the offspring. RESULTS The risks for stillbirth were, or tended to be, elevated for Turkish mothers in all countries compared with the native population, with the highest risk in Austria (odds ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.1) and Switzerland (OR 1.6; 1.4-1.9). For neonatal mortality the results were heterogeneous, indicating no excess risk for Turkish-born children in the Netherlands, the UK and Norway, and elevated risks in Denmark (OR 1.3; 1.0-1.6), Switzerland (OR 1.3; 1.1-1.5), Austria (OR 1.4; 1.0-1.8) and Germany (OR 1.3; CI 1.2-1.5). CONCLUSION This study suggests that preventable society-specific determinants are important for early-life mortality in Turkish migrants in Europe. An active integration policy is consistent with a favourable neonatal mortality outcome in continental Europe, but not with patterns in Scandinavia and the UK.
Web-of-Things inspired e-Health platform for integrated diabetes care management

Integration of physical objects (or things) within the Web has become a goal for current and future health care systems. In this paper, we propose a new e-Health platform driven by the needs of integrated diabetes care management. Architecture of this platform that is designed to be consistent with the concepts of Web-of-Things (WoT) comprises a physical sensors layer linked to a health Web-portal layer via an existing network infrastructure. The physical layer incorporates wireless nodes; each of which comprises a set of medical sensors linked wirelessly to a humanoid robot. Unlike existing e-Health systems, the proposed system is designed to support self-management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) not only through remote data collection and monitoring of patients data, but also through offering a support platform for real-time decisions and long-term social and behavioral change. These support services are delivered to the patients over a distance through daily patient-robot interactions that are either automatically generated be the system or assigned by specialist physicians. A prototype e-health platform which incorporates all these healthcare attributes is designed, implemented, and its end-to-end functionality is tested successfully with the aid of NHS collaborators.
Effects of age on intestinal phosphate transport and biochemical values of broiler chickens

Objective The objective of this experiment was to characterize the mRNA expression profile of type IIb sodium-inorganic phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) and the biochemical values of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, tibial ash and minerals of broiler chickens with aging. Methods A total of 56 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens were used. Broiler chickens were weighed and samples were collected weekly from day 1. Results The result showed that before the growth inflection point, ash, calcium, and phosphorus content in the tibia of broiler chickens increased with growth (before 3 weeks of age), although there were no significant differences in chicks at different ages in the later period of the experiment and weight gain rate was relatively slow at this stage (4 to 6 weeks). NaPi-IIb gene expression in the small intestine in the early growth stage was higher than that in the later growth stage. Expression of calbindin and the vitamin D receptor protein in the intestinal mucosa increased with age in the duodenum and jejunum. Serum AKP activity first increased and subsequently decreased after peaking at 1 week of age, but there was no significant difference after 3 weeks of age. Conclusion These results show that compared with the early growth stage, the weight-gain rate of broiler chickens in the late growth stage gradually decreased with gradual tibia maturation, along with weaker positive transport of phosphorus in the intestine and reinforced re-absorption of phosphorus in the kidney, which might be the reason that phosphorus requirement in the late growth stage was decreased.
Fatigue and burnout among Latvian nurses

The quali ty of nursing is one of the most important factors in healthcare. Fatigue and burnout are common complaints among nurses , due to which they may become less productive and make more professional mistakes . The aim of this study is to find burnout and fatigue and their correlation among nurses practicing in Latvia . Research was performed using Maslach’s Burnout Inventory (MBI) assessed emotional exhaustion, de-personalisation and the lack of personal achievement. To measure fatigue, the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) Questionnaire Study was used; the sample included 190 registered and practicing nurses working both in the medical and surgical units in hospitals . The respondents were aged 23–74 years. Burnout and fatigue were measured and correlations were calculated. The data showed that there are signi ficant correlations between the MBI and CIS subscales. The results indicate that fatigue and burnout are common and are s trongly associated in the nursing population in Latvia.
The Relationship Between the Lower-Body Muscular Profile and Swimming Start Performance

Abstract This study aimed to examine the correlation of different dry land strength and power tests with swimming start performance. Twenty international level female swimmers (age 15.3 ± 1.6 years, FINA point score 709.6 ± 71.1) performed the track freestyle start. Additionally, dry land tests were conducted: a) squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), b) squat jumps with additional resistance equivalent to 25, 50, 75 and 100% of swimmers’ body weight [BW]), and c) leg extension and leg flexion maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Correlations between dry land tests and start times at 5, 10 and 15 m were quantified through Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients (r). The peak bar velocity reached during the jumps with additional resistance was the variable most correlated to swimming start performance (r = -0.57 to -0.66 at 25%BW; r = -0.57 to -0.72 at 50%BW; r = -0.59 to -0.68 at 75%BW; r = -0.50 to - 0.64 at 100%BW). A few significant correlations between the parameters of the SJ and the CMJ with times of 5 and 10 m were found, and none with the isometric variables. The peak velocity reached during jumps with external loads relative to BW was found a good indicator of swimming start performance.
Thermal Characteristics of Tube Bundles in Ultra-Supercritical Boilers

In this study, flow and thermal characteristics of tube bundles in ultra-supercritical boilers were analyzed. The local heat transfer around the tube bundles was measured to predict the local temperature distribution and vulnerable positions of the superheated tube bundles. The maximally superheated tube bundles were simulated in the laboratory and local heat transfer was measured by using the naphthalene sublimation method. The experiment was conducted on three lines of tube bundles, all with in-line arrangements. Each line consist of six tubes. The distance in the streamwise direction ( S x /∅) was 1.99 and that in the spanwise direction ( S z /∅) was 5.45. The Reynolds number varied from 5000 to 30,000, which covers a range of different operating conditions. Thermal and stress analyses were conducted numerically, based on the experimental data. The results showed that the flow characteristic changes the local heat transfer of the tube bundles. The flow impinged on the stagnation point of Tube 1 and reattached at 60° of Tube 2. The high heat transfer occurred at those positions of the tube bundles. The temperature and stress distributions on the surface of each tube bundle also varied. The reattachment point on Tube 2 had the highest heat transfer and temperature distribution. That position on Tube 2 was subjected to the highest stress due to the large temperature gradient. This result indicates that Tube 2 of the ultra-supercritical (USC) boiler is the weakest of the tube bundles, changing the pitch of the streamwise direction of Tube 2 is one method to reduce the highest stress in superheater tube bundles in the USC boiler.
Neem Oil and Crop Protection: From Now to the Future

A major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. In current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. In this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. However, limitations of biopesticides, including short shelf life, photosensitivity, and volatilization, make it difficult to use them on a large scale. Here, we review the potential use of neem oil in crop protection, considering the gaps and obstacles associated with the development of sustainable agriculture in the not too distant future.
Learning from the Messengers: Innate Sensing of Viruses and Cytokine Regulation of Immunity—Clues for Treatments and Vaccines

Virus infections are a major global public health concern, and only via substantial knowledge of virus pathogenesis and antiviral immune responses can we develop and improve medical treatments, and preventive and therapeutic vaccines. Innate immunity and the shaping of efficient early immune responses are essential for control of viral infections. In order to trigger an efficient antiviral defense, the host senses the invading microbe via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), recognizing distinct conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The innate sensing of the invading virus results in intracellular signal transduction and subsequent production of interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines, including IFNs and chemokines, are vital molecules of antiviral defense regulating cell activation, differentiation of cells, and, not least, exerting direct antiviral effects. Cytokines shape and modulate the immune response and IFNs are principle antiviral mediators initiating antiviral response through induction of antiviral proteins. In the present review, I describe and discuss the current knowledge on early virus–host interactions, focusing on early recognition of virus infection and the resulting expression of type I and type III IFNs, proinflammatory cytokines, and intracellular antiviral mediators. In addition, the review elucidates how targeted stimulation of innate sensors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular RNA and DNA sensors, may be used therapeutically. Moreover, I present and discuss data showing how current antimicrobial therapies, including antibiotics and antiviral medication, may interfere with, or improve, immune response.
Prosodic and Segmental Rubrics in Emotion Identification

It is well known that the emotional state of a speaker usually alters the way she/he speaks. Although all the components of the voice can be affected by emotion in some statistically-significant way, not all these deviations from a neutral voice are identified by human listeners as conveying emotional information. In this paper we have carried out several perceptual and objective experiments that show the relevance of prosody and segmental spectrum in the characterization and identification of four emotions in Spanish. A Bayes classifier has been used in the objective emotion identification task. Emotion models were generated as the contribution of every emotion to the build-up of a universal background emotion codebook. According to our experiments, surprise is primarily identified by humans through its prosodic rubric (in spite of some automatically-identifiable segmental characteristics); while for anger the situation is just the opposite. Sadness and happiness need a combination of prosodic and segmental rubrics to be reliably identified
Political control and journalist protests in Spanish public media in electoral campaigns: A decade of conflict

For thirteen consecutive years, Catalan public broadcasting journalists have protested against the so-called coverage quotas established by Spanish electoral regulations. According to those regulations, during election campaigns, broadcasters are required to use a calculated number related to the proportion of votes cast in the previous election to determine the amount of broadcast time they allot to each party. Journalists have repeatedly and publicly complained about the quotas, while simultaneously explaining the effects of the quotas to the audience and not crediting authorship of this news. This paper undertakes an in-depth analysis of the case and its historical roots from different angles: the protests, the journalists’ professional roles, the political parties’ strategies, the roles of the regulatory boards and the initiatives taken by some professional organizations and institutions. The theoretical framework focuses on the mistrust between the political class and journalists in the context of a mediatized conflict with ethical implications. The methodology includes extensive document examination, news content analysis and interviews. The results indicate that the Spanish political class has deemed the performance of the Catalan public broadcaster as tending to equate political information with electoral spots controlled by parties. The consequence of this has been an enduring conflict between politicians and Catalan journalists that distances citizens from both of them.
Sum rate analysis of SDMA transmission in single carrier FDMA system

Single carrier (SC) FDMA was agreed to be chosen for 3GPP-long term evolution (LTE) uplink. A recent discussed feature for boosting up bit rates in LTE uplink is to apply SDMA (space division multiple access) to enable users to communicate with the serving base station using the same frequency resource. This paper analyzes the achievable sum rate in SC-FDMA system uplink, where SDMA with frequency domain linear zero forcing equalizer is assumed for the users. Analytical results show that in general SDMA with SC-FDMA has inferior rate performance to that with OFDMA. Furthermore, a simple algorithm is proposed to find the group of users for SDMA transmission based on the wideband average spatial correlation. Significant performance improvement against fixed grouping is shown for 3GPP-LTE uplink scenarios.
Coupling Drift-Flux Models with Unequal Sonic Speeds

The well-posedness of a Riemann problem at a junction in a pipeline network is discussed. In addition computational results on the dynamics of the flow of a multi-component gas at such network junctions are presented. The work presented here is a generalisation of [M. K. Banda, M. Herty, and J. M. T. Ngnotchouye, Towards a mathematical analysis of multiphase drift-flux model in networks, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. , 31(6): 4633 – 4653, 2010] to models in which the equation of state has different compressibility factors or sonic speeds.
Risk Reduction in Large Portfolios: A Role for Portfolio Weight Constraints

Mean-variance efficient portfolios constructed using sample moments often involve taking extreme long and short positions. Hence practitioners often impose portfolio weight constraints when constructing efficient portfolios. Green and Hollifield (1992) argue that the presence of a single dominant factor in the covariance matrix of returns is why we observe extreme positive and negative weights. If this were the case then imposing the weight constraint should hurt whereas the empirical evidence is often to the contrary. We reconcile this apparent contradiction. We show that constraining portfolio weights to be nonnegative is equivalent to using the sample co-variance matrix after reducing its large elements and then form the optimal portfolio without any restrictions on portfolio weights. This shrinkage helps reduce the risk in estimated optimal portfolios even when they have negative weights in the population. Surprisingly, we also find that once the non-negativity constraint is imposed, minimum variance and minimum tracking error portfolios constructed using the sample covariance matrix perform as well as those constructed using covariance matrices estimated using factor models and shrinkage estimators.