Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differing Psychological Definitions of Liberalism and Conservatism: Their Statistical Association with Personality and with Racism

One-hundred-thirty-seven participants were administered the Psychotemporal Survey of Ideologies (PSI), which yielded scores on six scales: a “visionary liberalism focused on the future” scale, a “pragmatic liberalism focused on the present” scale, a “guilt-ridden liberalism focused on the past” scale, a “dread-ridden conservatism focused on the future” scale, a “pragmatic conservatism focused on the present” scale, and a “nostalgic conservatism focused on the past” scale. These six PSI scores were correlated with “big five” personality dimensions on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R); plus, scores on the Sexual-Racial Double-Standard Test (S-RD-ST) were regressed over the six PSI scores. A significant positive correlation between PSI “guilt-ridden liberalism focused on the past” and NEO PI-R neuroticism indicated that neuroticism is associated not with liberalism in general but with “liberal guilt”. A significant negative correlation between PSI “pragmatic conservatism focused on the present” and NEO PI-R openness indicated that openness is not positively correlated with liberalism but is negatively correlated with one definition of conservatism. A significant positive correlation between PSI “nostalgic conservatism focused on the past” and NEO PI-R conscientiousness indicated that conscientiousness is associated not with conservatism in general but with one definition of conservatism. S-RD-ST-measured prejudice disfavoring African-American women and favoring white men was associated with PSI “dread-ridden conservatism focused on the future,” whereas prejudice favoring African-American women and disfavoring white men was associated with “visionary liberalism focused on the future. ” These findings show that surveying and scaling the PSI“s three psychotemporal definitions of liberalism and its three psychotemporal definitions of conservatism, instead of simply treating liberalism and conservatism as opposite ends of an ideological continuum, constitute a fruitful approach to understanding political ideologies and their relationship to other variables such as personality dimensions and racial biases.
Social Marginalization, Ethnic Threat, and Radical Right-wing Support in Sweden: A Multilevel Analysis

With the aim of studying the role of contextual factors for explaining within-country variation in the vote share of the radical right-wing party, the Sweden Democrats, in the 2014 Swedish election, we specify and test hypotheses pertaining to social marginality and ethnic threat. An important finding is that change (increase) is more important than the actual proportion of non-European immigrants for explaining the electoral support of the Sweden Democrats. Moreover, our results indicate that the increase in non-European born residents is positively associated with the vote share of the Sweden Democrats primarily in districts where the proportion of non-European-born residents was already high. This finding contradicts the defended neighborhood hypothesis, as well as the findings of Rink et al. (2009). This suggested tipping-point effect runs counter to the contact hypothesis, while being more in line with ethnic threat and group position theories. Also, our results suggest that a higher level of aggregation, such as at the municipal or region labor market level, is sometimes more relevant when measuring contextual explanations than the more fine-grained level of voting districts. The social marginalization hypothesis receives mixed support.
Both here and elsewhere: rural girls’ contradictory visions of the future

Girls' studies have made an important contribution to the literature on subjectivity and schooling in neoliberal times; however, girlhood studies within Western contexts remain predominantly urban in focus. This article brings an analysis of place to debates about gendered subjectivity formation by exploring gendered patterns within rural students' imagined futures. Drawing upon ethnographic research with grade 7/8 students in rural Ontario (Canada), the analysis demonstrates how girls construct contradictory future narratives envisioning urban femininities while insisting they will remain living in the country. I argue that this tension must be explored in relation to the gendered context of rural social space, as well as post-feminist discourses of ‘girl power’. The analysis contributes to the fields of rural education and girlhood studies by foregrounding the significance of place within the gendered formation of student subjectivities and future aspirations.
The Role of Subvocalisation in Reading

A series of experiments explored the role of subvocalisation in fluent reading. Experiment I showed that when subjects were required to suppress articulation while reading, their ability to detect anomalous words or errors of word order in prose was markedly impaired although speed of reading was unaffected. Experiment II showed that this decrement was not a general effect due to performing a secondary task, since a concurrent tapping task did not impair detection accuracy. A third study explored the role of acoustic interference in reading by requiring subjects to detect errors in prose while attempting to ignore irrelevant speech, with or without articulatory suppression. Once again articulatory suppression led to a clear decrement in the subject's ability to detect errors, while unattended speech had no effect on performance. None of the manipulations influenced the speed with which the subjects performed the reading task. It is concluded that subvocalisation allows the creation of a supplementary articulatory code which is produced and utilised in parallel with other aspects of reading. Such a code seems particularly suitable for monitoring order information.
An Investigation of Sex-Related Slang Vocabulary and Sex-Role Orientation Among Male and Female University Students.

Undergraduate males, undergraduate females, and graduate student nurses (female) were asked to list all the slang expressions they knewfor 17 sex-related stimulus words. Sex-role orientation of subjects was measured with an adapted TFI scale. Males listed a significantly larger total number of slang expressions than either female group. Other background variables showed no relationship to extent of slang vocabularies, except that among females, religious involvement and traditional sex-role orientation were inversely related to extensiveness of slang vocabulary. A content analysis of expressions listed for three selected stimulus words showed much "sexploitation" imagery in males' slang vocabularies.
Attacking the Internet Using Broadcast Digital Television

In the attempt to bring modern broadband Internet features to traditional broadcast television, the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) consortium introduced a specification called Hybrid Broadcast-Broadband Television (HbbTV), which allows broadcast streams to include embedded HTML content that is rendered by the television. This system is already in very wide deployment in Europe and has recently been adopted as part of the American digital television standard. Our analyses of the specifications, and of real systems implementing them, show that the broadband and broadcast systems are combined insecurely. This enables a large-scale exploitation technique with a localized geographical footprint based on Radio Frequency (RF) injection, which requires a minimal budget and infrastructure and is remarkably difficult to detect. In this article, we present the attack methodology and a number of follow-on exploitation techniques that provide significant flexibility to attackers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the technical complexity and required budget are low, making this attack practical and realistic, especially in areas with high population density: In a dense urban area, an attacker with a budget of about 450 can target more than 20,000 devices in a single attack. A unique aspect of this attack is that, in contrast to most Internet of Things/Cyber-Physical System threat scenarios, where the attack comes from the data network side and affects the physical world, our attack uses the physical broadcast network to attack the data network.
Applicability of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale to educators teaching innovative programs

Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to examine the applicability of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES, Tschannen‐Moran and Woolfolk‐Hoy) to educators teaching an innovative program, namely, the Olympic Education Program. TSES applicability was inferred from examination of the TSES factor structure, its internal consistency and its logical, theoretical consistent pattern of relations between TSES and other measures.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 175 educators completed a Greek version of the TSES along with the reduced personal accomplishment subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Findings – Exploratory factor analysis showed that TSES can be applied to educators of an innovative educational program to study an overall factor of teachers' sense of competence. Mean values suggested that educators had strong efficacy beliefs. In addition, TSES responses were negatively associated with reduced personal accomplishment scores (r=−0.37). Research limitations/implications – Self‐re.
Nonlinear Approximation of Random Functions

Given an orthonormal basis and a certain class X of vectors in a Hilbert space H, consider the following nonlinear approximation process: approach a vector $x\in X$ by keeping only its N largest coordinates, and let N go to infinity. In this paper, we study the accuracy of this process in the case where $H=L^2(I)$, and we use either the trigonometric system or a wavelet basis to expand this space. The class of function that we are interested in is described by a stochastic process. We focus on the case of "piecewise stationary processes" that describe functions which are smooth except at isolated points. We show that the nonlinear wavelet approximation is optimal in terms of mean square error and that this optimality is lost either by using the trigonometric system or by using any type of linear approximation method, i.e., keeping the N first coordinates. The main motivation of this work is the search for a suitable mathematical model to study the compression of images and of certain types of signals.
Haciendo que hacer - cultivating a Mestiza worldview and academic achievement: Braiding cultural knowledge into educational research, policy, practice

In this article Francisca E Gonzalez shifts the focus from a deficit view of cultural knowledge to an imaginary of the formation of identities and integrity braided with the law, policy, and social formations. In this way, cultural practices cultivate a unique worldview with implications for K-12 educational excellence and academic achievement. Gonzalez situates her research within the national discourse on educational reform so as to direct educational researchers', policy makers', and educators' thinking of young Mexicanas as pensadoras who interrogate the social order, and who give meaning to learning, knowing, and power. She describes a study intended to explore the development of womanhood among young Mexicanas beginning with an explanation of a theoretical lens, a looking prism of critical race feminisms and Latina critical theory interpretive frameworks. Then she explains the study's multimethodological approach of trenzas y mestizaje, the braiding of theory, qualitative research strategies, and a sociopolitical consciousness. The article then details young Mexicana meanings of gendered cultural socialization, educacion, and success as cultural epistemologies and pedagogies, what the young Mexicanas called haciendo que hacer. Gonzalez explains this as the teaching and learning of sociocultural foundations and the cultivation of academic achievement. In closing, Francisca elaborates on how a braiding of different ways of knowing, teaching, and learning brings cultural knowledge to the fore of discourses on human rights, social justice, and educational equity including the formulation of holistic educational policies and practices.
The social construction of accounting: a curriculum dilemma for first year business students

Just how can accounting be socially contrived? Have you ever been confronted by a seemingly implausible situation – one in which the patently obvious feels to be counter-intuitive? Allow me to reflect on my experience with such implausibility in an introductory accounting subject that began with an objective of ensuring students learn that accounting is socially contrived. Three years ago in my relatively small Australian regional university, an effort was made to change the attitudes of first year undergraduate students to accounting as a discipline. These students came from the various streams in our Bachelor of Business degree, including the accounting major. Feedback showed that their generic first year experience had left them with a view that accounting was to be avoided because of the risk of becoming brain impaired. Contrary to the posters of the professional associations which portrayed a life of excitement as an accountant, our first year students just knew accounting was as boring as watching paint dry. They ‘knew’ that the debits and credits were on different sides, and because accountants were demonstrably anally retentive, they would not brook any variation to centuries of mindless rituals. This ‘knowledge’ was more pervasive than that indicated by prior studies (e.g. Halabi, 2001). More significantly and more ominously, they also knew that accounting would eventually yield THE singular right answer. Legendary stories spouted in the student bar over many cooling ales seemed to lend credence to this point . stories of long hours spent on accounting assignments trying to ‘make the bastard balance’. This seemed clear evidentiary proof that a single correct answer was the Holy Grail of accountants. Neither the accounting nor the non-accounting students could envisage the possibility of alternative ‘answers’ being acceptable. After all, their various bookkeeping exercises always ended in a definitive answer and the blood, sweat and tears devoted to concocting that answer should not be desecrated by contemplating multiple answers – as might arise, for example, by basing each on a socially constructed approach. Given this depressing state of affairs, my accounting colleagues and I decided to fearlessly march forward and to drop the accounting cycle from the first accounting subject. Our goal was to concentrate more on social critique than technical menus (Craig and Amernic, 2002). No longer would we require students to repeat the seemingly inane rituals of bookkeeping. Instead, they would be asked to understand the accounting outputs of statements of financial performance, financial position and cashflow. They would be asked to consider the social and environmental contexts of business and how accounting might be useful to market economy interlocutors. A new subject called ACC150 ‘Using Financial Information’ was developed. Its topics included financial statement analysis, accounting information for human resource
Diffusion Lesion Reversal After Thrombolysis: A MR Correlate of Early Neurological Improvement

Background and Purpose— In acute stroke, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions are commonly considered markers of irreversible ischemia yet can occasionally reverse. However, the extent and clinical correlates of DWI reversal in thrombolyzed patients remain unclear. We assessed the extent of reversible acute DWI lesions (RADs) and their relationships with clinical outcome in patients thrombolyzed ⩽4.5 hours from onset. Methods— Data were retrospectively analyzed. RAD was defined as an acute DWI lesion not part of a 24-hour DWI lesion as determined voxelwise. Associations with an early neurological improvement (early neurological improvement=&Dgr;National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥8 or National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ⩽2 at 24 hours) or an excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale ⩽1) were assessed in multivariate analyses. Results— One hundred seventy-six patients were included. The median (interquartile range) time to treatment from onset was 150 minutes (120–194). Eighty-nine patients (50%) exhibited visually-detectable RAD irrespective of its extent. Over the whole population, the median percentage and volume of RAD were 11% (4–36) and 2.4mL (0.5–8). Subtracting RAD from initial DWI altered perfusion-weighted imaging–DWI classification in 5 of 100 patients (shift from “no mismatch” to “mismatch” profile in all). Percent RAD was significantly greater in patients treated ⩽3 hours (P=0.049), without proximal occlusion (P=0.003), and in 24-hour recanalizers (P<0.001). Early neurological improvement was independently associated with percent RAD. This association increased with percent RAD split in quartiles in a “dose-dependent” manner (P for trend=0.01). Excellent outcome was independently associated with percent RAD (P for trend <0.001). Conclusion— DWI reversal was often sizeable in patients treated ⩽4.5 hours. It was strongly associated with, albeit not necessarily causal for, early neurological improvement.
Perspectives of Stakeholders on the Sustainability of Tuberculosis Control Programme in Ghana

Objectives. To solicit the views of some key stakeholders involved in TB control in Ghana on the sustainability of the current programme and corresponding interventions and to further discuss these views in the context of improving and/or ensuring the sustainability of existing interventions and structures. Methods. The study employed an interpretivist (qualitative) approach in order to obtain the “lived” experiences of personnel who are involved in TB control, either directly or indirectly. Purposive sampling was applied to select 19 respondents who provided data for the study through in-depth interviews (IDIs). The IDI data was analysed inductively in a progressive manner. Thus, respective codes were allowed to emerge from the data as opposed to deductive coding where themes are precoded. Results. The findings reveal two main strands of views about the sustainability of the current TB control programmes: optimism and pessimism. The optimists revealed that the integration of TB into the generalised health system, integration of TB and HIV control services, the use of internally generated funds of health facilities, and a general improvement in socioeconomic conditions of the general population could provide positive pathways to sustainability. The pessimists on the other hand noted that the existing programme was not likely to be sustainable so long as much of the operational funds were derived from external sources. Largely, the views of the pessimists were influenced by their past experiences in TB control. Conclusions. This paper has shown both opportunities and threats to sustainability of TB control in Ghana. The opportunities and threats could be managed positively depending on how policy actors respond to the issues raised.
Privacy-Utility Tradeoffs under Constrained Data Release Mechanisms

Privacy-preserving data release mechanisms aim to simultaneously minimize information-leakage with respect to sensitive data and distortion with respect to useful data. Dependencies between sensitive and useful data results in a privacy-utility tradeoff that has strong connections to generalized rate-distortion problems. In this work, we study how the optimal privacy-utility tradeoff region is affected by constraints on the data that is directly available as input to the release mechanism. In particular, we consider the availability of only sensitive data, only useful data, and both (full data). We show that a general hierarchy holds: the tradeoff region given only the sensitive data is no larger than the region given only the useful data, which in turn is clearly no larger than the region given both sensitive and useful data. In addition, we determine conditions under which the tradeoff region given only the useful data coincides with that given full data. These are based on the common information between the sensitive and useful data. We establish these results for general families of privacy and utility measures that satisfy certain natural properties required of any reasonable measure of privacy or utility. We also uncover a new, subtler aspect of the data processing inequality for general non-symmetric privacy measures and discuss its operational relevance and implications. Finally, we derive exact closed-analytic-form expressions for the privacy-utility tradeoffs for symmetrically dependent sensitive and useful data under mutual information and Hamming distortion as the respective privacy and utility measures.
Discovery of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in GX 17+2

We observed the low-mass X-ray binary and Z source GX 17+2 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer during 1997 February 6-8, April 1-4, and July 26-27. The X-ray color-color diagram shows a clear Z track. Two simultaneous kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are present in each observation, whose frequencies are well correlated with the position of the source on the Z track. At the left end of the horizontal branch (HB), only the higher frequency peak is observed, at 645 ± 9 Hz, with an rms amplitude of 5.7% ± 0.5% and an FWHM of 183 ± 35 Hz. When the source moves down the Z track to the upper normal branch, the frequency of the kHz QPO increases to 1087 ± 12 Hz, and the rms amplitude and FWHM decrease by a factor of 2. Farther down the Z track, the QPO becomes undetectable, with rms upper limits typically of 2.0%. Halfway down the HB, a second QPO appears in the power spectra with a frequency of 480 ± 23 Hz. The frequency of this QPO also increases when the source moves along the Z track, up to 781 ± 11 Hz halfway down the normal branch, while the rms amplitude and FWHM stay approximately constant at 2.5% and 70 Hz. The QPO frequency difference is constant at 293.5 ± 7.5 Hz. Simultaneously with the kHz QPOs, we detect HB QPOs (HBOs). The simultaneous presence of HBOs and kHz QPOs excludes the magnetospheric beat-frequency model as the explanation for at least one of these two phenomena.
Evaluation of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly

The results of 139 hepatic resections in 154 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) operated upon in the last 6 years are reported. These 139 Japanese patients were classified into three groups according to age. Group I included 58 patients under 55 years of age, group II 44 aged from 56 to 65 years and group III 37 aged over 66 years. Fewer cases in group III had histological evidence of cirrhosis than in the other two groups. There was a statistically significant marked decline in the pre‐operative cardiac and pulmonary function in group III patients. However, there was no statistical difference in postoperative complications, mortality and survival rate among the three groups. The results after hepatic resection seemed to depend on pre‐operative liver function and histology, and on control of the haemorrhage at operation. The results indicate that liver surgery for elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is justifiable given careful patient selection.