Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy Preserving Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Privacy preservation is an important issue in today’s context of extreme penetration of Internet and mobile technologies. It is more important in the case of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where collected data often requires in-network processing and collaborative computing. Researches in this area are mostly concentrated in applying data mining techniques to preserve the privacy content of the data. These techniques are mostly computationally expensive and not suitable for resource limited WSN nodes. In this paper, a scheme is developed to provide privacy preservation in a much simpler way with the help of a secure key management scheme and randomized data perturbation technique. We consider a scenario in which two or more parties owning confidential data need to share only for aggregation purpose to a third party, without revealing the content of the data. Through simulation results the efficacy of our scheme is shown by comparing the results with one of the established schemes.
Testing for Parameter Constancy Using Chebyshev Time Polynomials

We propose a simple method of testing for parameter constancy in regression models with stationary data that allow for coefficients that vary smoothly over time. The method is shown to have good statistical properties. A sieve bootstrapping procedure is suggested to improve the finite sample size of the test for a large number of time polynomials in autoregressive models. We revisited Hansen's study (Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 15 (2001), pp. 117–128) of structural breaks in a first‐order autoregressive model of labor productivity in the US manufacturing/durables sector and found evidence of time‐varying autoregressive parameter.
The Relationship Between Dieting History and Diet-Related Cognitive Schemata

Although diets are currently the primary treatment for obesity, there are many psychological and physiological barriers to weight loss and maintenance, including the lack of reinforcement one obtains from dietary restriction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that a more extensive dieting history is correlated with more negative thoughts, or schemata, about diets. One hundred fifty participants, including current dieters (28), past dieters (61), and non-dieters (61) took a survey that included questions about dieting history, the Revised Restraint Scale, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Diet Schemata Questionnaire. Correlations and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted, and the study’s main hypothesis was not supported by the data. Contrary to expectation, current dieters had significantly more positive associations with diets than the other groups. Possible explanations for these results, including study limitations, are discussed.
The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity

Miller (1956) summarized evidence that people can remember about seven chunks in short-term memory (STM) tasks. However, that number was meant more as a rough estimate and a rhetorical device than as a real capacity limit. Others have since suggested that there is a more precise capacity limit, but that it is only three to five chunks. The present target article brings together a wide variety of data on capacity limits suggesting that the smaller capacity limit is real. Capacity limits will be useful in analyses of information processing only if the boundary conditions for observing them can be carefully described. Four basic conditions in which chunks can be identified and capacity limits can accordingly be observed are: (1) when information overload limits chunks to individual stimulus items, (2) when other steps are taken specifically to block the recoding of stimulus items into larger chunks, (3) in performance discontinuities caused by the capacity limit, and (4) in various indirect effects of the capacity limit. Under these conditions, rehearsal and long-term memory cannot be used to combine stimulus items into chunks of an unknown size; nor can storage mechanisms that are not capacity-limited, such as sensory memory, allow the capacity-limited storage mechanism to be refilled during recall. A single, central capacity limit averaging about four chunks is implicated along with other, noncapacity-limited sources. The pure STM capacity limit expressed in chunks is distinguished from compound STM limits obtained when the number of separately held chunks is unclear. Reasons why pure capacity estimates fall within a narrow range are discussed and a capacity limit for the focus of attention is proposed.
Neurological Rehabilitation: Optimizing Motor Performance

Part One Introduction: Adaptation, Training and Measurement Chapter 1 The adaptive system: plasticity and recovery Chapter 2 Training motor control, increasing strength and fitness and promoting skill acquisition Chapter 3 Measurement Part Two Task-Related Exercise and Training Chapter 4 Standing up and sitting down Chapter 5 Walking Chapter 6 Reaching and manipulation Chapter 7 Balance Part Three Body Function and Structure, Limitations in Activities and Participation Chapter 8 Upper motor neuron lesions Chapter 9 Cerebellar ataxia Chapter 10 Somatosensory and perceptual-cognitive impairments Chapter 11 Stroke Chapter 12 Traumatic brain injury Chapter 13 Parkinson's Disease Chapter 14 Multiple Sclerosis
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Suicide: A Systematic Review

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern, and the recent literature reports that a single mild TBI can result in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). It has been suggested that CTE may lead to death by suicide, raising important prevention, treatment, and policy implications. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to answer the key question: What is the existing evidence in support of a relationship between CTE and suicide? Systematic searches of CTE and suicide yielded 85 unique abstracts. Seven articles were identified for full text review. Only two case series met inclusion criteria and included autopsies from 17 unique cases, 5 of whom died by suicide. Neither studies used blinding, control cases, or systematic data collection regarding TBI exposure and/or medical/neuropsychiatric history. The identified CTE literature revealed divergent opinions regarding neuropathological elements of CTE and heterogeneity regarding clinical manifestations. Overall quality of evidence regarding a relationship between CTE and suicide was rated as very low using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE) criteria. Further studies of higher quality and methodological rigor are needed to determine the existence and nature of any relationship between CTE and suicide.
Open Peer Review Invited Referee Responses Latest Comments

Strategies of the honeybee during visual search Apis mellifera for vertical targets presented at various heights: a role for spatial attention? [v1; ref status: indexed, Abstract When honeybees are presented with a colour discrimination task, they tend to choose swiftly and accurately when objects are presented in the ventral part of their frontal visual field. In contrast, poor performance is observed when objects appear in the dorsal part. Here we investigate if this asymmetry is caused by fixed search patterns or if bees can use alternative search mechanisms such as spatial attention, which allows flexible focusing on different areas of the visual field. We asked individual honeybees to choose an orange rewarded target among blue distractors. Target and distractors were presented in the ventral visual field, the dorsal field or both. Bees presented with targets in the ventral visual field consistently had the highest search efficiency, with rapid decisions, high accuracy and direct flight paths. In contrast, search performance for dorsally located targets was inaccurate and slow at the beginning of the test phase, but bees increased their search performance significantly after a few learning trials: they found the target faster, made fewer errors and flew in a straight line towards the target. However, bees needed thrice as long to improve the search for a dorsally located target when the target's position changed randomly between the ventral and the dorsal visual field. We propose that honeybees form expectations of the location of the target's appearance and adapt their search strategy accordingly. Different possible mechanisms of this behavioural adaptation are discussed.
Decreasing Anxiety and Frustration in the Spanish Language Classroom.

This report describes instructional strategies to decrease anxiety and frustration in the Spanish classroom. Participants were five 7th grade Spanish classes in two suburban middle schools. Student interventions included a study skills guide; partner and group presentations, skits, and activities; and group oral reading. Teacher interventions included the use of total physical response, authentic correction, and creation of a nonthreatening classroom environment. Anxiety and frustration were documented through direct observations by teachers, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, and student questionnaires and interviews. Analysis of probable cause data was documented through a review of literature and methods of assessment by the researchers. Results indicated that several activities caused foreign language anxiety (oral communication, writing, and reading in the target language). Posttest data indicated a decrease in anxiety and frustration at both schools. Students were able to identify their own feelings of anxiety and frustration and gain self-confidence as they took risks in revealing themselves by speaking Spanish in the presence of other students and the teacher. Post-test, students showed less test anxiety, communication apprehension, and fear of negative evaluation in the classroom, and less anxiety and frustration in the area of oral communication, which had previously hindered their full acquisition of the language. (Contains 55 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Decreasing Anxiety and Frustration in the Spanish Language Classroom Joanna Haskin Maria de Lourdes Hernandez Smith Margaret Racine An Action Research Project Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching and Leadership U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 4(This document has been reproduced as \ received from the person or organization originating it. CJ 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.
Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and TIA in Israel

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Middle cerebral artery stenosis is not frequent but a well-established cause of first and recurrent ischemic stroke. Our aim was to investigate middle cerebral artery stenosis in the biethnic (Jewish and Arab) population of patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in northern Israel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 1344 patients from the stroke data registry who had been hospitalized in the neurologic department because of acute ischemic stroke (1041) or TIA (303) and had undergone transcranial Doppler sonographic examination during the hospitalization. RESULTS: Of the 1344 patients, 120 (8.9%) were found to have MCA stenosis. The patients with intracranial stenosis were older and had more vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and vascular diseases (ischemic heart and peripheral vascular disease) than those without intracranial stenosis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes (P = .002) and peripheral vascular disease (P = .01), but not ethnicity, were independent and significant predictors for the presence of MCA stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: An independent and significant correlation was found between MCA stenosis and vascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus) and vascular diseases, thus emphasizing the similarity of intracranial MCA stenosis and other vascular diseases originating from atherosclerosis. There was no influence of ethnicity on intracranial stenosis in our population.
Persistence and clearance of different Salmonella serovars in buildings housing laying hens

SUMMARY We investigated factors associated with persistence of different Salmonella serovars in buildings housing laying hens in Great Britain using survival analysis. A total of 264 incidents of Salmonella detection occurring between July 1998 and August 2007 in 152 houses were recorded. For incidents involving Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), both the rodent score of the house and the type of house were positively associated with persistence. For non-SE serovars, only the type of house was associated with persistence. Persistence of SE in the houses was longest (>15 months) in step-cage and cage-scraper houses when high levels of rodents were present, and lowest in non-cage and cage-belt houses. We estimated that 42% (95% CI 23·3–63·1) of SE incidents may be cleared during the lay period, and this was related to elimination of rodents from the houses. From January 2009, EU legislation will ban the sale of fresh eggs from SE-positive and S. Typhimurium-positive flocks over their remaining lifespan. If infection is eliminated from such flocks, they would cease to represent a public health risk.
The Effect of Pre-Incision Field Block versus Post-Incision Inguinal Wound Infiltration on Postoperative Pain after Paediatric Herniotomy

BACKGROUND: The Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block has been shown to significantly decrease opioid analgesic requirements and side effects after inguinal herniotomy. We compared the effect of pre-incisional field block with 0.25% bupivacaine and post-incisional wound infiltration with 0.25% bupivacaine for postoperative pain control after inguinal herniotomy. PATIENTS & METHODS: This was a randomized controlled double blind study in 62 ASA I and II children aged 1-7 years scheduled for inguinal herniotomy. They were assigned to receive either pre-incision field block (group I) or post-incision wound infiltration at the time of wound closure (group II). The pain score was assessed in the recovery room using mCHEOPS score and VAS or FLACC score at home by the parents for 24 hours. RESULTS: The mean pain scores during the 2 hour stay in the recovery room, at 12 and 18 hours at home were similar in both groups, p > 0.05. However, the mean pain scores were significantly lower at 6 hours at home in group I (1.22 ± 0.57) than in group II (1.58 ±0.90), p <0.001, but significantly higher at 24 hours at home in group I (3.29 ± 0.46) than in group II (2.32 ± 0.24), p = 0.040. There was no difference in mean paracetamol requirement, and in the number of patients who required paracetamol for pain relief at home in both groups, p > 0.05. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that both pre-incisional ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric field block and post incisional wound infiltration provided adequate postoperative analgesia for 24 hours after inguinal herniotomy.
Effect of Meperidine on Oxygen Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Production, and Respiratory Gas Exchange in Postanesthesia Shivering

Meperidine has been used to suppress postanesthesia shivering. However, its efficacy to date has only been assessed by observation of visible shivering. We measured the effect of meperidine on oxygen consumption (&OV0312;O2), carbon dioxide production (&OV0312;CO2) and pulmonary gas exchange in 14 otherwise healthy patients shivering after general anesthesia. Meperidine successfully suppressed visible shivering in all patients and was associated with significant decreases in &OV0312;o1 and &OV0312;O2 and minute ventilation (&OV0312; E) but not with return to basal levels. Arterial PCo2 levels remained unchanged at normal, whereas significant improvements occurred in pH and bicarbonate levels. Meperidine is an effective method of reducing the elevated metabolic demand of shivering.
Do Couples Grieve Differently following Infant Loss?

13 couples who lost an infant due to a major congenital anomaly were assessed using the Perinatal Grief Scale. Contrary to the research findings of generally less intensity of grief in men, couples did not differ significantly in this respect one-half year after the loss of their infant. On the other hand, there was no strong relationship between the scores of women and men, indicating that, apart from intensity, they grieve differently.
Low-temperature growth of perpendicular FePt films

L1/sub 0/ FePt films with high perpendicular coercivity were successfully fabricated by using Cr/sub 65/Mo/sub 15/Mn/sub 20/ underlayers with subsequent forming gas (Ar 95% + H/sub 2/ 5%;) annealing. To adjust the strain energy and the orientation of FePt, Fe and Pt intermediate layers were used. Samples annealed at 275/spl deg/C with thin Pt layers (<5 nm) show relatively small coercivity due to the stabilizing effects from the underlayers. With the increasing thickness of Pt, the strain was locally released and the (111) grains appeared. The nucleation of the ordered L1/sub 0/ FePt phase accompanied the formation of the FePt (111) phase, resulting in a high coercivity but deteriorated perpendicular anisotropy. To maintain the [001] preferred orientation with high coercivity, the sample with a 3.5-nm Pt layer was annealed at 350/spl deg/C. The coercivity as high as 8400 Oe was realized.
Adaptive packet routing for bursty adversarial traffic

One of the central tasks of networking is packet routing when edge bandwidth is limited. Tremendous progress has been achieved by separating the issue of routing into two conceptual subproblems: path selection and congestion resolution along the selected paths. However, this conceptual separation has a serious drawback: each packet's path is fixed at the source and cannot be modified adaptively en-route. The problem is especially severe when packet injections are modeled by an adversary, whose goal is to cause traffic-jams. In this paper, we consider this adversarial setting, motivated by the adversarial queuing theory model of Borodin et al. (1996, in “Proc. of 28th STOC,” pp. 376? 385). More precisely, we consider an adversary who injects packets, with only their destinations specified, into network nodes in a continuous manner subject to certain limitations on the injection rate. The question whether it is possible to deal with such an adversary and to design protocols that would discover routes which avoid traffic jams so that nodes only store a bounded number of packets was left as an open problem by Andrews et al. (1997, in “Proc. of 38th FOCS,” pp. 294? 302) (who deal with the nonadaptive case where the adversary provides routes for the packets). In the present paper, we resolve this open problem. In particular, we present a simple, deterministic, local-control protocol that applies to any network topology. Our protocol guarantees that, for any injection sequence generated by the adversary, the buffers at the nodes are polynomially bounded and that each packet has a polynomially bounded delivery time.
Play Environments for Visually Impaired Children

The author compared the motor activities and environmental interactions of sighted and visually impaired children during unstructured play in their natural play environments to: 1) assess motor proficiency level; 2) establish frequency and kind of gross motor, manipulative, self-stimulation, and social/play behaviors; and 3) assess their use of the environment. Overall analyses suggest that some developmental delays observed in visually impaired children can be attributed to a lack of opportunity for gross motor interactions with the environment. An environmental intervention strategy and design principles are proposed which involve appropriate design of complex and accessible play environments, and personnel training to use the environment as an active educational tool.
Structural and conformational analyses of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.

Oxidative DNA damage has been shown to involve formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, which may serve as a mispairing lesion during cellular DNA replication. In order to assess the mutagenic potential of this DNA adduct, we examined the possible occurrence of several tautomeric forms and of different base conformations about the deoxyribose. Several spectroscopic and electronic absorption techniques were employed and showed structural changes occurring over a broad pH range. Two pKa's near pH 8 and 12 were observed by pH-solvent partitioning experiments, ultraviolet absorption spectral analyses, and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. The presence of two pKa's suggested the formation of a dianion, with the second being formed in strong alkali. A comparison of ultraviolet absorption band features of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine with that of different C6,C8-diketo or enol derivatives supported a C8-keto assignment and also provided evidence that this DNA adduct contains a C6-keto group at physiological pH. 13C NMR data showed marked chemical shifts at C6 in solutions of pH 7.4-9.3, indicating the location of the first ionization. Increasing basicity produced further shifts at C5 and C8, indicating the C8 position for the second ionization. Multiple infrared bands were observed in the carbonyl region of the neutral compound, but only a single carbonyl band at 1692 cm-1 remained at pH 9.1, implying a keto group at C8. Determination of the chemical shifts and the nuclear Overhauser enhancements of the N1 and N7 resonances in the proton-decoupled 15N NMR spectrum indicated that both nitrogens were indeed protonated at neutral pH. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New PARP Gene with an Anti-Alphavirus Function

ABSTRACT Alphaviruses represent a highly important group of human and animal pathogens, which are transmitted by mosquito vectors between vertebrate hosts. The hallmark of alphavirus infection in vertebrates is the induction of a high-titer viremia, which is strongly dependent on the ability of the virus to interfere with host antiviral responses on both cellular and organismal levels. The identification of cellular factors, which are critical in orchestrating virus clearance without the development of cytopathic effect, may prove crucial in the design of new and highly effective antiviral treatments. To address this issue, we have developed a noncytopathic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) mutant that can persistently replicate in cells defective in type I interferon (IFN) production or signaling but is cleared from IFN signaling-competent cells. Using this mutant, we analyzed (i) the spectrum of cellular genes activated by virus replication in the persistently infected cells and (ii) the spectrum of genes activated during noncytopathic virus clearance. By applying microarray-based technology and bioinformatic analysis, we identified a number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically activated during VEEV clearance. One of these gene products, the long isoform of PARP12 (PARP12L), demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the replication of VEEV, as well as other alphaviruses and several different types of other RNA viruses. Additionally, overexpression of two other members of the PARP gene superfamily was also shown to be capable of inhibiting VEEV replication.