Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting the clustering of X-ray selected galaxy clusters in flux-limited surveys

We present a model to predict the clustering properties of X-ray selected clusters in ﬂux-limited surveys. Our technique correctly accounts for past light-cone eﬀects on the observed clustering and follows the non-linear evolution in redshift of the underlying dark matter correlation function and cluster bias factor. The conversion of the limiting ﬂux of a survey into the corresponding minimum mass of the hosting dark matter haloes is obtained by using theoretical and empirical relations between mass, temperature and X-ray luminosity of galaxy clusters. Finally, our model is calibrated to reproduce the observed cluster counts adopting a temperature-luminosity relation moderately evolving with redshift. We apply our technique to three existing catalogues: the ROSAT Brightest Cluster sample (BCS); the X-ray brightest Abell-type cluster sample (XBACs); the ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray sample (REFLEX). Moreover, we consider an example of possible future space missions with fainter limiting ﬂux. In general, we ﬁnd that the amplitude of the spatial correlation function is a decreasing function of the limiting ﬂux and that the Einstein-de Sitter models always give smaller correlation amplitudes than open or ﬂat models with low matter density parameter Ω 0m . In the case of the XBACs catalogue, the comparison with previous estimates of the observational spatial correlation shows that only the predictions of models with Ω 0m = 0 . 3 are in good agreement with the data, while the Einstein-de Sitter models have too low a correlation strength. Finally, we use our technique to discuss the best strategy for future surveys. Our results show that to study the clustering properties of X-ray selected clusters the choice of a wide area catalogue, even with a brighter limiting ﬂux, is preferable to a deeper, but with smaller area, survey. dependence of the physical properties of the clusters contained in the catalogues presented in the previous subsection. These results are obtained using the relations described in Section
Do Interviewers Sell Themselves Short? The Effects of Selling Orientation on Interviewers' Judgments

Drawing on alternative perspectives about the automaticity of dispositional judgments, we examine whether the motivation to attract the other (i.e., selling orientation) in interpersonal first meetings (e.g., job interviews) helps or hinders the accuracy and validity of dispositional judgments. In a laboratory study (Study 1), we found that selling orientation reduced the accuracy of interviewers’ judgments about applicants’ core self-evaluations. Then, we investigated the real-world implications of selling orientation in a field study (Study 2) with two different samples (Samples A and B) and found that a selling orientation negatively influenced the predictive validity of interviewers’ judgments. Specifically, when selling orientation was low, interviewers’ judgments accurately predicted which applicants would be most (and least) successful as newcomers in the organization (in terms of citizenship, performance, and fit). However, when selling orientation was high, interviewers’ judgments no longer predicted applicant outcomes. Together, these results suggest that making dispositional judgments in interpersonal first meetings is an effortful process that is hindered by focusing on other goals (e.g., selling). We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of these findings
Interpreting neural representations of aged animals

It is becoming more clear that normal age-related cognitive decline ischaracterized not so much by signiﬁcant cell loss in memory-related brainstructures like the hippocampus, but rather by a change in the functionalorganization of information processing of its neural elements. Conse-quently, investigations of the changes in neural plastic abilities of the agedbrain represent an approach that could reasonably be expected to result inimportant advances in our understanding of age-related cognitive decline.To this end, the recent ﬁndings reported by Tanila et al. (1997) and Barneset al. (1997) move the ﬁeld forward in signiﬁcant respects. The datapresented in Tanila et al. (1997) suggest that hippocampal place ﬁelds ofaged rats are remarkably stable across different environments, while Barneset al. (1997) showed that a subset of hippocampal place ﬁelds of old ratsrepresent spatial locations less reliably when animals are repeatedly testedacross familiar environments. At ﬁrst glance, these results appear in conﬂict. The recent commentary on this apparent discrepancy by Peter Rapp (1998)suggests the interesting possibility that in old rats there is greaterinterference between similar cues that were used in the different testsituations of Barnes et al. (1997), and that such interference was not presentin the Tanila et al. (1997) study. The results of both the Tanila and Barnesgroup suggest that aged animals show a change in hippocampal representa-tional plasticity.Additional issues deserve to be emphasized in the context of the abovedebate. The ﬁrst issue concerns the behavioral interpretation of theobserved unit correlates, and the second issue deals with age-relatedcompensation of function and its relationship to neural representationwithin and outside of hippocampus. Regarding the ﬁrst issue, there is evenmore converging behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that old ratsand their place cells have difficulty when using familiar spatial informationin different behavioral contexts. Barnes et al.’s data are entirely consistentwith recent behavioral data (Mizumori et al., 1996) showing that agedanimals are signiﬁcantly slower at acquiring a spatial working memory taskon a radial maze than young rats when acquisition training occurs in aspatial environment that is familiar to the rat (room A). In contrast, andparallel to the Tanila data, the
The Instigating, Impelling, and Inhibiting Forces in Cyberbullying Perpetration across Gender

Internet provides youths with a new breeding ground for misbehavior. Cyberbullying is one of the most prevalent online misbehavior that has recently received public attention due to its potentially devastating consequences. Drawing on I3 theory, we develop a research model to investigate the driving and mitigating forces of cyberbullying perpetration. We further examine the moderating role of gender on the effect of forces on cyberbullying perpetration. An online survey of 211 university students was conducted to empirically validate the research model. Results show that both cyberbullying victimization and perceived online disinhibition can increase individual’s tendency to perpetrate cyberbullying, whereas subjective norm as the inhibiting force represses the propensity to cyberbully others. Furthermore, the power of the factors influencing cyberbullying perpetration is different between male and female students. The effects of instigating and inhibiting forces are stronger for female students than for male students, while the effect of impelling force is stronger for male students than for female students. We expect that this study will not only provide a theoretical explanation of cyberbullying perpetration but also offer valuable insights to related parties in their effort to tackle cyberbullying perpetration among university students.
A Computational Approach for Generating Toulmin Model Argumentation

Automatic generation of arguments is an important task that can be useful for many applications. For instance, the ability to generate coherent arguments during a debate can be useful when determining strengths of supporting evidence. However, with limited technologies that automatically generate arguments, the development of computational models for debates, as well as other areas, is becoming increasingly important. For this task, we focused on a promising argumentation model: the Toulmin model. The Toulmin model is both well-structured and general, and has been shown to be useful for policy debates. In this preliminary work we attempted to generate, with a given topic motion keyword or phrase, Toulmin model arguments by developing a computational model for detecting arguments spanned across multiple documents. This paper discusses our subjective results, observations, and future work.
Compensatory T Cell Responses in IRG-Deficient Mice Prevent Sustained Chlamydia trachomatis Infections

The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. In women C. trachomatis can establish persistent genital infections that lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility. In contrast to natural infections in humans, experimentally induced infections with C. trachomatis in mice are rapidly cleared. The cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays a critical role in the clearance of C. trachomatis infections in mice. Because IFNγ induces an antimicrobial defense system in mice but not in humans that is composed of a large family of Immunity Related GTPases (IRGs), we questioned whether mice deficient in IRG immunity would develop persistent infections with C. trachomatis as observed in human patients. We found that IRG-deficient Irgm1/m3 (-/-) mice transiently develop high bacterial burden post intrauterine infection, but subsequently clear the infection more efficiently than wildtype mice. We show that the delayed but highly effective clearance of intrauterine C. trachomatis infections in Irgm1/m3 (-/-) mice is dependent on an exacerbated CD4+ T cell response. These findings indicate that the absence of the predominant murine innate effector mechanism restricting C. trachomatis growth inside epithelial cells results in a compensatory adaptive immune response, which is at least in part driven by CD4+ T cells and prevents the establishment of a persistent infection in mice.
ACNR MJ07:Layout 1

A taxia is a term used to describe a condition characterised by disordered or incoordinate movement and is commonly caused by diseases affecting the cerebellum and its connections within the central nervous system (CNS). Ataxia caused by cerebellar dysfunction is a dominant feature in a wide spectrum of overlapping heterogeneous clinical disorders and may also be mimicked by a variety of isolated or combined neurological deficits, including loss of muscular strength, altered tone, diminished sensation or the intrusion of involuntary movements. Ataxia may present either as a pure cerebellar syndrome or associated with significant cognitive, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, sensory and autonomic dysfunction, and can also be the presenting feature of a more widespread neurodegenerative disorder. It is therefore not surprising that the investigation of cerebellar ataxia often poses considerable diagnostic challenges for the treating physician, and has been made increasingly complex by advances in molecular genetics and immunology that allow access to a bewildering array of novel investigations.
Anatomy of a Personalized Livestreaming System

With smartphones making video recording easier than ever, new apps like Periscope and Meerkat brought personalized interactive video streaming to millions. With a touch, viewers can switch between first person perspectives across the globe, and interact in real-time with broadcasters. Unlike traditional video streaming, these services require low-latency video delivery to support high interactivity between broadcasters and audiences. We perform a detailed analysis into the design and performance of Periscope, the most popular personal livestreaming service with 20 million users. Using detailed measurements of Periscope (3 months, 19M streams, 705M views) and Meerkat (1 month, 164K streams, 3.8M views), we ask the critical question: ``Can personalized livestreams continue to scale, while allowing their audiences to experience desired levels of interactivity? ' We analyze the network path of each stream and break down components of its end-to-end delay. We find that much of each stream's delay is the direct result of decisions to improve scalability, from chunking video sequences to selective polling for reduced server load. Our results show a strong link between volume of broadcasts and stream delivery latency. Finally, we discovered a critical security flaw during our study, and shared it along with a scalable solution with Periscope and Meerkat management.
Análisis de los mensajes audiovisuales del Tercer Sector en YouTube Analysis of the campaign videos posted by the Third Sector on YouTube

s Introduction. Web 2.0 social networks have become one of the tools most widely used by the third sector organisations. This research article examines the formal aspects, content and significance of the videos posted by these organisations on YouTube. Methods. The study is based on the quantitative content analysis of 370 videos of this type, with the objective of identifying the main characteristics. Results. The results indicate that this type of videos are characterised by low levels of creativity, the incorporation of a great amount of very clear information, the predominance of explicit content and the use of very similar formats. Conclusions. Based on the research results, it was concluded that these organisations produce campaign videos with predictable messages that rely on homogeneous structures that can be easily classified in two types: predominantly informative and predominantly persuasive.
Natural language processing: an introduction

OBJECTIVES To provide an overview and tutorial of natural language processing (NLP) and modern NLP-system design. TARGET AUDIENCE This tutorial targets the medical informatics generalist who has limited acquaintance with the principles behind NLP and/or limited knowledge of the current state of the art. SCOPE We describe the historical evolution of NLP, and summarize common NLP sub-problems in this extensive field. We then provide a synopsis of selected highlights of medical NLP efforts. After providing a brief description of common machine-learning approaches that are being used for diverse NLP sub-problems, we discuss how modern NLP architectures are designed, with a summary of the Apache Foundation's Unstructured Information Management Architecture. We finally consider possible future directions for NLP, and reflect on the possible impact of IBM Watson on the medical field.
Resident perception of dark tourism impact: the case of Beichuan County, China

ABSTRACT ‘Dark tourism’ has become an accepted terminology in tourism academics, but there are omissions in its research. Often it concentrates on the nature of the event and the psychological consequences for tourist. Rarely has the research considered ideas of the local residents. This study thus examines the perceptions and attitudes of local residents. Beichuan County in Sichuan Province of China, where the Great Sichuan Earthquake occurred in 2008, was considered as the research site. Survey questionnaires were undertaken in site plus the use of the web to capture the views of younger family members no longer working in the immediate area. The total sample numbered 516 respondents. Analyses indicated that in the dark tourism contexts residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts confirm the three traditional dimensions – economical, socio-cultural and environmental; residents tended to form positive attitudes towards dark tourism development. ANOVAs particularly found that no differences existed in the perceptions and attitudes towards dark tourism development among people who had experienced different levels of sufferings or economic losses. Such observations help to solve the debates between the proponents and opponents of dark tourism. Based on the findings, discussions and dialogues with the literature are provided.
On the subgroup structure of the hyperoctahedral group in six dimensions

The subgroup structure of the hyperoctahedral group in six dimensions is studied, with particular attention to the subgroups isomorphic to the icosahedral group. The orthogonal crystallographic representations of the icosahedral group are classified, and their intersections are studied in some detail, using a combinatorial approach which involves results from graph theory and their spectra.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ CONTROL OVER LEARNING MANAGEMENT: A TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE OF AUTONOMY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Autonomy in language learning suggests that students control their own learning (Benson, 2001). Students' control over their own learning consists of three aspects, namely controls over learning management, cognitive process and learning content. This paper aims at exploring stu-dents' control over learning management while working on project-based English language learn-ing, namely the collaborative audio-journal project. It is argued that project-based language learn-ing provides a principled and practicable route toward autonomy (Thomas, 1991, cited in Benson, 2001: 21). In this regards,students themselves plan, monitor, solve problems, and evaluate the pro-ject accomplishment without much intervention from the teacher. A qualitative method was employed in this study. Two instruments were used to obtain the data, namely reflection sheet and interview. The results obtained from the study revealed that students employed four major controls over learning management, including planning, problem solving, monitoring, and evaluating. The planning included time and quality, creativity, and strategy. The students also encountered the constraints, such as time management, language proficiency, and laziness, which entailed problem solving strategies. The monitoring included rereading, re-listening, and comparing. Lastly, the students conducted self-evaluation on the process and the product. Key words: learner autonomy, project-based language learning, andcontrol over learning man-agement.
Regional Dendritic Variation in Neonatal Human Cortex: A Quantitative Golgi Study

The present study quantitatively compared the basilar dendritic/spine systems of lamina V pyramidal neurons across four hierarchically arranged regions of neonatal human neocortex. Tissue blocks were removed from four Brodmann’s areas (BAs) in the left hemisphere of four neurologically normal neonates (mean age = 41 ± 40 days): primary (BA4 and BA3-1-2), unimodal (BA18), and supramodal cortices (BA10). Tissue was stained with a modified rapid Golgi technique. Ten cells per region (N = 160) were quantified. Despite the small sample size, significant differences in dendritic/spine extent obtained across cortical regions. Most apparent were substantial differences between BA4 and BA10: total dendritic length was 52% greater in BA4 than BA10, and dendritic spine number was 67% greater in BA4 than BA10. Neonatal patterns were compared to adult patterns, revealing that the relative regional pattern of dendritic complexity in the neonate was roughly the inverse of that established in the adult, with BA10 rather than BA4 being the most complex area in the adult. Overall, regional dendritic patterns suggest that the developmental time course of basilar dendritic systems is heterochronous and is more protracted for supramodal BA10 than for primary or unimodal regions (BA4, BA3-1-2, BA18).
A data-driven approach to cleaning large face datasets

Large face datasets are important for advancing face recognition research, but they are tedious to build, because a lot of work has to go into cleaning the huge amount of raw data. To facilitate this task, we describe an approach to building face datasets that starts with detecting faces in images returned from searches for public figures on the Internet, followed by discarding those not belonging to each queried person. We formulate the problem of identifying the faces to be removed as a quadratic programming problem, which exploits the observations that faces of the same person should look similar, have the same gender, and normally appear at most once per image. Our results show that this method can reliably clean a large dataset, leading to a considerable reduction in the work needed to build it. Finally, we are releasing the FaceScrub dataset that was created using this approach. It consists of 141,130 faces of 695 public figures and can be obtained from http://vintage.winklerbros. net/facescrub.html.
Perceived self-competence and relationship experiences in inpatient psychotherapy - a pilot study

Objective: The patient’s sense of capability in mastering future challenges (“self-competence”) represents an important therapeutic target. To date, empirical findings concerning the influence of the therapeutic relationship on perceived self-competence remain scarce. Against this backdrop, mutual associations between perceived self-competence, symptom distress and various relationship experiences within inpatient psychotherapy are investigated. Methods: 219 inpatients with heterogeneous diagnoses completed the SCL-90-R, the Relationship Questionnaire RQ1 and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems IIP prior to therapy. Self-competence and relationships to the individual therapist, therapeutic team and fellow patients were assessed weekly using an inpatient questionnaire (SEB). Results: As expected, there were significant negative correlations between self-competence and symptom distress. Patients with more “fearfully avoidant” behavior upon admission experienced relationships during therapy as significantly more negative. Conversely, the quality of relationships to the individual therapist and fellow patients was predictive of a significant part of variance in self-competence upon discharge. Conclusions: A model of mutual interactions is proposed for the variables under investigation. Results suggest that the positive association between the therapeutic relationship and symptom reduction could partly be explained by an improvement in perceived self-competence.
Stop-event-related potentials from intracranial electrodes reveal a key role of premotor and motor cortices in stopping ongoing movements

In humans, the ability to withhold manual motor responses seems to rely on a right-lateralized frontal–basal ganglia–thalamic network, including the pre-supplementary motor area and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). These areas should drive subthalamic nuclei to implement movement inhibition via the hyperdirect pathway. The output of this network is expected to influence those cortical areas underlying limb movement preparation and initiation, i.e., premotor (PMA) and primary motor (M1) cortices. Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have shown an enhancement of the N200/P300 complex in the event-related potentials (ERPs) when a planned reaching movement is successfully stopped after the presentation of an infrequent stop-signal. PMA and M1 have been suggested as possible neural sources of this ERP complex but, due to the limited spatial resolution of scalp EEG, it is not yet clear which cortical areas contribute to its generation. To elucidate the role of motor cortices, we recorded epicortical ERPs from the lateral surface of the fronto-temporal lobes of five pharmacoresistant epileptic patients performing a reaching version of the countermanding task while undergoing presurgical monitoring. We consistently found a stereotyped ERP complex on a single-trial level when a movement was successfully cancelled. These ERPs were selectively expressed in M1, PMA, and Brodmann's area (BA) 9 and their onsets preceded the end of the stop process, suggesting a causal involvement in this executive function. Such ERPs also occurred in unsuccessful-stop (US) trials, that is, when subjects moved despite the occurrence of a stop-signal, mostly when they had long reaction times (RTs). These findings support the hypothesis that motor cortices are the final target of the inhibitory command elaborated by the frontal–basal ganglia–thalamic network.