Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN BLACK SWAN MOVIE

Keywords: Politeness Strategies, the Main Character, Black Swan Movie Language has a crucial role in a human life’s communication since it functions as a media tool to make interaction. One way to establish a meaningful conversation in society is by applying politeness. Behaving politely does not merely depend on how good a member in a society is, but also how to behave politely in daily conversation. This study is about politeness strategies used by Nina as the main character in Black Swan movie. The problems of the study are (1) what are the types of politeness strategies, and (2) what is the most frequent politeness strategy used by Nina in Black Swan movie. This study used a qualitative approach specifically using document analysis. The writer analyzed the utterances of Nina as the main character taken from the script of Black Swan movie and the writer also adopted politeness strategy’s theory proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987). The study reveals that Nina performs all kinds of politeness strategies in conversation, they are positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, bald-on record strategy, and off-record strategy. There are 78 utterances of Nina which contain politeness strategy. Positive politeness strategy is the most frequently used by Nina for 47 times with the percentage 60%. The second is baldon record strategy for 12 times (15%), the third is negative politeness strategy for 10 times (13%), and followed by off-record strategy for 9 times (12%). Nina mostly used positive politeness strategy to show cooperation and also to maintain her close relationship with the other characters. Further study about politeness can be conducted by adding politeness strategy theory proposed by other expert like Leech (1983) to create a deeper analysis. The writer also suggests next researcher use another literary works such as novel, short stories, and talk show.
Copy Wrong: Plagiarism, Process, Property, and the Law

Wrongful copying in literature or academia is called plagiarism by writers and scholars and copyright infringement by lawyers and judges. Although superficially similar, the concepts of plagiarism and infringement are fundamentally different in the significance they attach to such characteristics of the offense as amount of copying, attribution of authorship, and intent This Comment argues that the different understandings of both copying and wrongfulness implicit in the two concepts reveal different perspectives on creativity: plagiarism emphasizes the creative process, while infringement emphasizes the creative result. The legal emphasis on result has manifested itself in the law's choice of the intellectual-property framework for the resolution of literary disputes. The author suggests that the property metaphor is at best incomplete and at worst misleading when applied to words. She recommends a supplementary legal metaphor: the creative contract. Contract principles provide a framework with which to analyze the creative process as a transaction between creator and audience, enabling the law to recognize that creativity is an ongoing act of communication among people-as is the law itself
Type of Vascular access and Location in Online Hemodiafiltration and its Association with Patient's Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life

Purpose The aim of this work is to evaluate the patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL), according to the type and location of vascular access used for dialysis procedure. Methods In this transversal study, 322 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF, 59.63% males; 64.9±14.3 years) were enrolled. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was used by 252 patients (78.3%), whereas 70 patients (21.7%) had a central venous catheter (CVC). Besides AVF location, data on comorbidities, hematological data, iron status, dialysis adequacy, nutritional and inflammatory markers were collected. Moreover, the patients’ reported HRQOL score, using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form, was evaluated. Results ESRD patients using CVC as vascular access presented a decrease in four SF-36 domain scores, namely physical functioning, emotional well-being, role-emotional and energy/fatigue when compared with those using AVF as vascular access. Additionally, these patients also showed significant differences in ESRD target areas, namely decline in cognitive function and quality of social interaction domains. When comparing the variables according to the localization of the AVF, significant differences were found in three SF-36 domain scores, namely physical functioning, pain and general health. Moreover, we also found significant differences in ESRD target areas, namely symptoms/problem list, effects of kidney disease and quality of social interaction domains. Conclusions Our results showed that ESRD patients under OL-HDF using AVF as vascular access had higher HRQOL scores in several domains when compared with those using CVC. Additionally, we also found that dialysis patients using AVF in the left forearm presented with higher HRQOL scores.
Group activity therapy with learning disabled preadolescents exhibiting behavior problems.

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of group activity therapy as a school based intervention with fourth and fifth grade preadolescents with learning disabilities experiencing behavior problems. The group activity therapy intervention followed humanistic principles and was designed to address the cognitive and social emotional needs of this population. The preadolescents were provided a variety of developmental appropriate materials and activities to encourage self expression and group interaction. The 24 volunteer preadolescents were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=12) and to the control group (n=12). The treatment group preadolescents were divided into groups of three and participated in group activity therapy one hour per week for 12 weeks. The participants were assigned to groups according to individual needs and personality traits. The control group received no treatment during the study. Pre and post test data were collected from parents using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC) and the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC). Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) was utilized to determine statistical significance between the treatment group and the control group on the post-test means for each hypothesis. In each case, the post-test specified in each hypothesis was used as the dependent variable and the pre-test as the covariate. Specifically, the preadolescents in the treatment group showed statistically significant decreases in total behavior problems on the BASC (p=.05) and decreases in internalizing problems on both the BASC and CBC (p=.03, p=.05, respectively). While not statistically significant, positive trends were noted on the CBC total behavior scale (p=.08) and on the CBC externalizing scale (p=.09). In addition, Cohen's d effect size was calculated for each hypothesis and post hoc analysis of the subscales to determine practical significance of the treatment on the experimental group when compared to the control group. A large treatment effect size was found on the BASC (d=.91) and CBC (d=.82) total behavior problems scales and on the BASC (d=1.03) and CBC (d=.90) internalizing problems scales. A moderate to large treatment effect size (d=.78) was found on the CBC externalizing problems scale and a medium treatment effect size (d=.53) was found on the BASC externalizing problems scale. Qualitative data was also examined to determine clinical significance of the intervention. This study determined that group activity therapy is an effective intervention for preadolescents diagnosed with a learning disability.
Variorum: a multimedia-based program documentation system

Conventional software documentation systems are mostly based on textual descriptions that explain or annotate the program's source code. Because these systems rely solely on texts, it is difficult for program authors to describe the overall algorithm structures and detailed implementation techniques of the programs, especially those that require visual presentation. Variorum is one of the first, if not the first, software documentation systems that allows program authors to record the process of "walking through" their own code using multimedia technology, specifically text, audio and digital pen drawing. This approach greatly improves the interactivity and flexibility in the software documentation process, as well as the quality of resulting software implementation documentations. In addition, to broaden its applicability and to reduce the implementation complexity, Variorum is designed to inter-operate with WWW technology, in that the program source code files and their annotations are stored on Web servers and are directly accessible via commercial Web browsers. This paper describes the design and implementation of Variorum, as well as the results of a preliminary usability study with the current prototype.
The JIP Group of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Scaffold Proteins

ABSTRACT Activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is mediated by a protein kinase cascade. This signaling mechanism may be coordinated by the interaction of components of the protein kinase cascade with scaffold proteins. The JNK-interacting protein (JIP) group of scaffold proteins selectively mediates signaling by the mixed-lineage kinase (MLK)→MAP kinase kinase 7 (MKK7)→JNK pathway. The scaffold proteins JIP1 and JIP2 interact to form oligomeric complexes that accumulate in peripheral cytoplasmic projections extended at the cell surface. The JIP proteins function by aggregating components of a MAP kinase module (including MLK, MKK7, and JNK) and facilitate signal transmission by the protein kinase cascade.
Jaw Bone Samples From Bisphosphonate-Treated Patients: A Pilot Cohort Study.

UNLABELLED Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe complication of bisphosphonate treatment. PURPOSE A detailed characterization of sampled peri-necrotic jawbone from bisphosphonate-treated patients was performed at tissue and cellular level (histological analyses and gene expression). MATERIALS AND METHODS Alveolar bone samples were collected from patients with (n = 5) and without ONJ (n = 5). Healthy patients served as controls (n = 10). RESULTS The histological analysis demonstrated low to moderate inflammation, displaying areas of inflammatory infiltrate in the bone marrow. Multinuclear giant cells and osteoclasts were found in both groups. Markers of bone formation (alkaline phosphatase, Col1a1, and osteocalcin), bone resorption (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand [RANKL], osteoprotegerin [OPG], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A), and apoptosis (Casp3, Casp8, p53, and Smac) were evaluated. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to identify differences between the groups. In patients with ONJ, the expression level of the proinflammatory marker IL-1β was strongly up-regulated compared with controls (p = .040). CONCLUSIONS A down-regulated expression of Casp8 compared with controls was observed (p = .014) in patients treated with bisphosphonates. The RANKL/OPG ratios were similar in the three groups. The results indicate a need to further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the course of ONJ related to antiresorptive treatment.
Detecting P2P botnets through network behavior analysis and machine learning

Botnets have become one of the major threats on the Internet for serving as a vector for carrying attacks against organizations and committing cybercrimes. They are used to generate spam, carry out DDOS attacks and click-fraud, and steal sensitive information. In this paper, we propose a new approach for characterizing and detecting botnets using network traffic behaviors. Our approach focuses on detecting the bots before they launch their attack. We focus in this paper on detecting P2P bots, which represent the newest and most challenging types of botnets currently available. We study the ability of five different commonly used machine learning techniques to meet online botnet detection requirements, namely adaptability, novelty detection, and early detection. The results of our experimental evaluation based on existing datasets show that it is possible to detect effectively botnets during the botnet Command-and- Control (C&C) phase and before they launch their attacks using traffic behaviors only. However, none of the studied techniques can address all the above requirements at once.
Expression of Renal Cell Carcinoma Antigen (RCC) in Renal Epithelial and Nonrenal Tumors: Diagnostic Implications

Antibody to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) antigen, a normal human proximal brush border antigen, has recently become commercially available and reported to be highly specific and a relatively sensitive marker for RCC. Of the nonrenal tumors occasional carcinomas have been reported to express RCC, notably breast carcinoma. Using tissue microarrays, we investigated the use of RCC on a large number of renal epithelial neoplasms (RENs) and nonrenal tumors, especially those potentially confused with REN. Three tissue microarrays containing 241 REN samples, 192 samples of a wide variety of neoplasms and 170 adrenal tumor samples, respectively, were stained with RCC monoclonal antibody. RCC expression was scored for staining intensity and percentage expression. Out of 241 REN, 173 were positive for RCC (sensitivity 72%): clear cell 72%, papillary 95%, chromophobe 91%, unclassified 85%, oncocytoma 75%, sarcomatoid 20%, and metastatic RCC 40%. The overall immunostaining intensity was consistently much higher in papillary and clear cell RCC than in other tumors. Seventy-six out of 362 nonrenal tumor samples demonstrated either focal or diffuse expression for RCC (specificity 79%). These included: adrenocortical neoplasms 37/170 (22%), colonic 11/29 (37.5%), breast 9/27 (33%), prostate 5/18 (27.7%), ovary 2/17 (11.7%), melanoma 3/18 (16.6%), lung 3/21 (14.2%), and parathyroid 3/3 (100%). RCC expression was seen equally among adrenal adenoma and carcinoma group. Eight out of 28 (28.5%) normal adrenal cores also stained for RCC. RCC is a relatively useful marker in the differential diagnosis of REN only if used in a panel with other positive and negative markers. RCC does not reliably differentiate REN, especially classic clear cell type, from adrenocortical neoplasms, which are frequently confused due to close anatomic proximity and similar morphology. RCC also does not reliably differentiate subtypes of renal epithelial neoplasms.
Age at any birth and breast cancer risk

In an effort to assess the relative importance of age at first birth, age at subsequent births, and total parity to the occurrence of breast cancer, reproductive data from 4,225 women with breast cancer and 12,307 hospitalized women without breast cancer were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression model. Age at first birth was confirmed to be the most important reproductive risk indicator; it was associated with a 3.5 % increase of relative risk for every year of increase in age at first birth (the 95 % confidence interval of this estimate was 2.3 to 4.7 % increase per year). However, age at any birth after the first was also an independent and statistically significant risk indicator; it was associated with a 0.9% increase of relative risk for every year of increase in age at any (and every) birth (the 95 % confidence interval of this estimate was 0.4 to 1.5 % increase per year). There is evidence that the age of approximately 35 years represents for every birth a critical point; before this age any full‐term pregnancy confers some degree of protection; after this age any full‐term pregnancy appears to be associated with increase in breast cancer risk. The effect of parity is determined by the age of occurrence of the component pregnancies. While most pregnancies occur under the age of 35, the distribution varies from population to population, and this may account for the differences between populations in whether or not a protective effect is seen for births after the first, and if it is seen, its extent.
The impact of change management on the attitudes of Turkish security managers towards change

Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of how managerial methods can be used during the change process to direct employees' attitudes positively towards change. This study also aims to provide considerable implications for the homeland security managers suitable for the applications on the area of homeland security. Paying requisite attention to the attitudes of employees towards change and careful selection of change management methods is considered critical for determining the ultimate success.Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this study were obtained by the questionnaire survey method, analyzed by using a statistics software program, and main findings of the study were evaluated. The last section of this study has a discussion and a conclusion which includes specific evaluations and recommendations regarding the homeland security organizations and their practices in Turkey. Due to the large data set available, only the main findings are presented in this pa.
Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandits for Real-Time Strategy Games

Games with large branching factors pose a significant challenge for game tree search algorithms. In this paper, we address this problem with a sampling strategy for Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithms called "naive sampling", based on a variant of the Multi-armed Bandit problem called "Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandits" (CMAB). We analyze the theoretical properties of several variants of naive sampling, and empirically compare it against the other existing strategies in the literature for CMABs. We then evaluate these strategies in the context of real-time strategy (RTS) games, a genre of computer games characterized by their very large branching factors. Our results show that as the branching factor grows, naive sampling outperforms the other sampling strategies.
Downlink Performance Analysis of Full-Rate STCs in 2x2 MIMO WiMAX Systems

MIMO techniques play a key role in the current wireless specifications including IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.16e, and LTE. Indeed, spatial multiplexing (SM) and Alamouti code are already in use in WiMAX systems based on IEEE 802.16e specifications (1). But more efficient full-diversity full-rate codes, such as Golden code (2), are still under discussion and have been proposed for future evolutions of the standards. However, the maximum likelihood (ML) or ML-like decoding of these codes is still not feasible for practical implementation. Existing papers include performance comparisons of such complex codes limited to simple scenarios and their performances in a real WiMAX environment have not been discussed in detail. In this paper, we present the performances of the Golden code, which is known to be the best full-rate full-diversity 2×2 STC, on a 2×2 downlink MIMO transmission and compare them with those of SM. The results show that the well-known performance advantage of Golden code over SM diminishes when real system scenarios are considered using powerful channel codes. Keywords—Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), space-time codes (STCs), WiMAX systems.
Sensing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Infected Macrophages by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) represents a macrophage (MØ)-tropic virus which is unable to induce interferon (IFN) type I in its target cells. Nevertheless, infected pigs show a short but prominent systemic IFN alpha (IFN-α) response. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is the ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to produce IFN-α in response to free PRRSV virions, independent of infection. Here, we show that the highly pathogenic PRRSV genotype 1 strain Lena is unique in not inducing IFN-α production in pDC, contrasting with systemic IFN-α responses found in infected pigs. We also demonstrate efficient pDC stimulation by PRRSV Lena-infected MØ, resulting in a higher IFN-α production than direct stimulation of pDC by PRRSV virions. This response was strain-independent, required integrin-mediated intercellular contact, intact actin filaments in the MØ and was partially inhibited by an inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase. Although infected MØ-derived exosomes stimulated pDC, an efficient delivery of the stimulatory component was dependent on a tight contact between pDC and the infected cells. In conclusion, with this mechanism the immune system can efficiently sense PRRSV, resulting in production of considerable quantities of IFN-α. This is adding complexity to the immunopathogenesis of PRRSV infections, as IFN-α should alert the immune system and initiate the induction of adaptive immune responses, a process known to be inefficient during infection of pigs.
Partners in Cognition: Extending Human Intelligence with Intelligent Technologies

We examine how technologies, particularly computer technologies that aid in cognitive processing, can support intellectual performance and enrich individuals’ minds. We distinguish between effects with and of a technology: Effects with occur when people work in partnership with machines, whereas effects of occur when such partnerships have subsequent cognitive spin-off effects for learners working away from machines. It is argued that effects both with and of depend on the individual's mindful engagement in the partnership. Such mind-machine collaborations also invite reexamination of prevailing conceptions of intelligence and ability: Are they properties of the individual or of the joint system? We respond to these dilemmas by offering two views, one emphasizing mainly the upgraded performance in a person-machine system of partnership, the other emphasizing more the educationally valued cognitive residue that can result. The use of computer tools to extend the reach of minds is briefly discussed within wider normative, theoretical, and practical contexts.
SegICP-DSR: Dense Semantic Scene Reconstruction and Registration

To enable autonomous robotic manipulation in unstructured environments, we present SegICP-DSR, a real- time, dense, semantic scene reconstruction and pose estimation algorithm that achieves mm-level pose accuracy and standard deviation (7.9 mm, {\sigma}=7.6 mm and 1.7 deg, {\sigma}=0.7 deg) and suc- cessfully identified the object pose in 97% of test cases. This represents a 29% increase in accuracy, and a 14% increase in success rate compared to SegICP in cluttered, unstruc- tured environments. The performance increase of SegICP-DSR arises from (1) improved deep semantic segmentation under adversarial training, (2) precise automated calibration of the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, (3) viewpoint specific ray-casting of the model geometry, and (4) dense semantic ElasticFusion point clouds for registration. We benchmark the performance of SegICP-DSR on thousands of pose-annotated video frames and demonstrate its accuracy and efficacy on two tight tolerance grasping and insertion tasks using a KUKA LBR iiwa robotic arm.