Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive and negative wellbeing as predictors of exercise uptake in Crohn's disease: An exploratory study

In this study, we set out to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-month exercise intervention on both positive (illness acceptance, life satisfaction) and negative psychological wellbeing variables (anxiety, depression) in patients with Crohn's disease. The study took the form of a randomized-controlled trial. However, there were no differences between the exercise and control groups in scores on these variables at 12 months or in change scores. Data from exercise diaries completed by participants in the exercise condition indicated wide variation in adherence to the exercise programme. Our remaining analyses therefore examined relations between exercise uptake and psychological wellbeing variables within the exercise condition. We found significant associations between exercise uptake and both illness acceptance and life satisfaction at the start and at the end of the study, but there was no relation with change scores on these variables. Linear multiple regression analysis indicated that baseline illness acceptance prospectively predicted exercise uptake. In view of the dearth of well controlled studies examining relations between exercise uptake and psychological wellbeing, and the common assumption that the former causally determines the latter, we call for future researchers to test for the reverse causal pathway, i.e. that supported by our findings.
ARGAINING AND THE T IMING OF I NVESTMENT

The joint determination of the timing of investment and wage bargaining is modelled. Two cases are considered: (a) There is an alternating-offer bargaining game over binding wage contracts and production is possible only when agreement is reached. (b) There are no binding contracts so revenue is divided in period-byperiod bargaining post-investment. Investment can occur earlier in case (b) than in case (a) and the equilibrium in case (b) can Pareto dominate the equilibrium with binding contracts. These conclusions depend on players' discount factors.
A Qualitative Inquiry of the Roles, Responsibilities, and Relationships Within Work-Based Learning Supervision

Although meaningful work experience and the support of caring adults are recognized as factors that promote positive youth development, research has given minimal attention to the role of the work-based learning (WBL) supervisor. Interviews with 12 supervisors, from work sites that were identified as successful by leaders from a Catholic high school known for its high-quality work-study program for low-income adolescents, reveal that the roles, responsibilities, and relationships of WBL supervisors are complex and multifaceted. Supervisors seek to balance the goal-directed demands of managing a productive workplace with a relational commitment to teaching and mentoring young people. The results are discussed in light of relational theories of working and youth mentoring. Implications are explored for strengthening the selection and preparation of WBL supervisors who strive to enhance the life chances for low-income students of color.
Family members affected by a close relative's addiction: The stress-strain-coping-support model

This article outlines the stress-strain-coping-support (SSCS) model which underpins the whole programme of work described in this supplement. The need for such a model is explained: previous models of substance misuse and the family have attributed dysfunction or deficiency to families or family members. In contrast, the SSCS model assumes that having a close relative with a substance misuse problem constitutes a form of stressful life circumstances, often longstanding, which puts affected family members at risk of experiencing strain in the form of physical and/or psychological ill-health. Coping and social support are the two other central building blocks of the model. Affected family members are viewed as ordinary people faced with the task of coping with such stressful life circumstances. It is an assumption of the model that, difficult though the coping task is, family members need not be powerless in maintaining their own health and helping their relatives. Good quality social support, in the form of emotional support, good information and material help, is an invaluable resource for affected family members, supporting their coping efforts and contributing positively to their health. The 5-Step Method, to be described later in the supplement, is based on the SSCS model. It can be seen as a way of increasing the positive social support available from professional sources.
Two locus inheritance of non-syndromic midline craniosynostosis via rare SMAD6 and common BMP2 alleles

Premature fusion of the cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), affecting 1 in 2000 newborns, is treated surgically in infancy to prevent adverse neurologic outcomes. To identify mutations contributing to common non-syndromic midline (sagittal and metopic) craniosynostosis, we performed exome sequencing of 132 parent-offspring trios and 59 additional probands. Thirteen probands (7%) had damaging de novo or rare transmitted mutations in SMAD6, an inhibitor of BMP – induced osteoblast differentiation (p<10−20). SMAD6 mutations nonetheless showed striking incomplete penetrance (<60%). Genotypes of a common variant near BMP2 that is strongly associated with midline craniosynostosis explained nearly all the phenotypic variation in these kindreds, with highly significant evidence of genetic interaction between these loci via both association and analysis of linkage. This epistatic interaction of rare and common variants defines the most frequent cause of midline craniosynostosis and has implications for the genetic basis of other diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.20125. 001
Raising Boys’ Attainment in Reading: some principles for intervention

This article uses research data to suggest a new basis for understanding gender differences in girls’ and boys’ achievements in reading. It argues that how well children can read is always a prime issue in school settings. But boys and girls react differently to the judgements made about their proficiency as readers, judgements which are often rendered highly visible in the classroom. This in turn has far more impact on their respective progress in reading than the inclusion of their preferred reading materials on the school reading curriculum; or the presence or absence of gender-specific role models provided by adult readers. The article argues that raising levels of attainment across the board depends on building an active reading culture in the classroom which can encompass the broadest range of resources and opportunities for their use. The structure of the literacy hour and the emphasis on work encompassing word, sentence and text levels for all pupils provides new opportunities to put this into place.
Youth Crime, the ‘Parenting Deficit’ and State Intervention: A Contextual Critique

On 1 June 2000 a new court order was implemented in England and Wales. The Parenting Order provided for the extension of state intervention (primarily through youth justice agencies) into ‘family life’. We have recently completed research with regard to youth justice parenting initiatives, and during the course of our research, our interest in, and concern with, the broader question of ‘parenting’, ‘parental responsibility’ and the ‘parenting deficit’ consolidated. This article sets out our principal concerns by locating the new statutory powers within their wider context. By tracing their historical antecedents, theoretical foundations and policy expressions we aim to critique the latest developments in state intervention. Similarly, by analysing the material circumstances of the parents who are targeted by such intervention, and reviewing the means by which children, young people and parents conceive such intervention, we argue that the new powers essentially comprise an extension of punitiveness underpinned by stigmatising and pathologising constructions of working class families.
Direct Identification of Coxiella burnetii Plasmids in Human Sera by Nested PCR

ABSTRACT Nested PCR assays were used for the direct identification ofCoxiella burnetii plasmids in human sera. A total of 81 serum samples from 81 patients with Q fever were tested by nested PCR with four sets of primers. The first set of primers was used to detect the genomic sequences. The second set of primers was used to detect the conserved sequences of the plasmids. Another two sets of primers were used to identify the QpH1 and QpRS plasmids. QpH1 and QpRS plasmid-specific sequences were identified in 40 (49.4%) and 24 (29.6%) of the serum samples, respectively. Both of the QpH1 and QpRS plasmid-specific sequences were detected in 5 (8.6%) of the serum samples but were not found in 12 (20.7%) of the serum samples. Furthermore, all of the 23 acute-phase serum samples were positive for the QpH1 plasmid and negative for the QpRS plasmid. Nested PCR with plasmid-specific primers appears to be a useful method for the direct typing of C. burnetii plasmids in human sera.
The gastrointestinal safety profile of rofecoxib, a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2, in humans

Highly selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase‐2, such as rofecoxib, are hypothesized to have an improved gastrointestinal tolerability and safety profile compared with non‐selective NSAIDs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 non‐selectively. This paper reviews data from randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies which investigated the effects of rofecoxib and NSAIDs on the human gastrointestinal tract.
Teaching using information and communication technology: Do trainee teachers have the confidence?

The respondents comprised 675 trainee teachers at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). All the respondents were final year students in teacher education program. Their confidences were assessed using 12 statements on their ability to integrate information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching. The study showed that trainee teachers were quite confident to integrate ICT with teaching. The study also showed a significant difference in the level of confidence between students with teaching experience and students without teaching experience. Older students were more confident to integrate ICT in teaching than younger students No significant correlation was detected between academic performance and the level of confidence to integrate ICT in teaching.
Aqueous Humor and Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Patients

Purpose: To study whether aqueous humor (AH) and plasma adiponectin (APN) levels were altered in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Materials and Methods: After excluding subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, nephropathy, coronary heart disease, heart and renal failure, 20 consecutive type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) PDR patients and 20 consecutive age-matched non-diabetic and senile cataract (non-DM) controls were enrolled in this study. AH APN and plasma APN concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of AdipoR1/R2 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured by real-time polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). The correlations between two parameters, including plasma and AH APN, AdipoR1/R2, plasma insulin and plasma glucose, were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation. Results: In non-DM subjects, the APN concentration in AH was 1.26 ± 0.56 ng/ml, approximately 1/2500 of that in plasma (3.15 ± 1.36 μg/ml). The averaged AH APN concentration in PDR patients was significant higher than that of the non-DM controls (5.29 ± 4.09 ng/ml vs. 1.26 ± 0.56 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Plasma total APN was not correlated with AH APN in the PDR patients, controls or all subjects. No significant difference was observed in plasma total APN levels and AdipoR1/R2 mRNA levels in PBMCs between the PDR patients and the controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Differences in APN concentration between AH and plasma suggest blood-retinal barrier (BRB) plays a key role in maintaining intraocular APN homeostasis. The high APN level in AH may be associated with PDR.
A Home Away From Home?

As the education of international students has developed into a key component of the economic mix for many Western democracies, approaches to the evaluation of success or failure have become increasingly based on the type of buyer—seller relationship that features strongly in the management and marketing literature. As a result, an activity that has historically been assessed in terms of its contribution to the public good is now more likely to be measured through application of the language of business. This article analyzes the comments of 160 Chinese students attending courses at a New Zealand institution and suggests that the criteria that contribute to a positive experience evaluation, when viewed through the eyes of students, may not entirely coincide with the “business language” criteria that education providers believe to be critical. The article concludes that significant changes in institutional philosophy are necessary if the true value of providing tertiary education to international students is to be optimally realized.
Effects of mood states on information processing strategies: Two studies of automatic and controlled processing using misattribution paradigms

To test the hypothesis that a positive mood facilitates automatic processing and a negative mood facilitates controlled processing, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, after positive or negative mood was induced, participants rated the attractiveness of products while listening to a music tape that they were told would have the effect of inducing a positive, negative, or neutral mood. As predicted, augmentation effects were clearer in the negative mood condition than in the positive mood condition. In Experiment 2, participants were first presented with lists of names of non-famous Japanese companies either once or four times. One or two days later, they were presented with these names again, together with new names, and were asked to judge whether those names were famous or-non-famous. As predicted, subjects in a positive mood showed more false fame judgments than those in a negative mood because those in a positive mood did not control their feeling of familiarity correctly. These results indicated that those in positive moods are more likely to engage in automatic processing.
Value Is in the Eye of the Owner

Drawing on the affect infusion model from cognitive psychology, the authors develop a conceptual framework that explains how affect related to corporate ownership influences the formation of socioemotional wealth perceptions among family firm owners, reflected in altered subjective value perceptions for the ownership stake. The authors explore target, personal, and situational features in the subjective valuation process for the ownership stake and explain how these factors mediate the relationship between affect and socioemotional wealth perceptions. They further the understanding about the level of bias in family owners’ subjective firm value assessments and offer new approaches for socioemotional wealth research.
European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2015: does lung cancer have the highest death rate in EU women?

BACKGROUND Cancer mortality statistics for 2015 were projected from the most recent available data for the European Union (EU) and its six more populous countries. Prostate cancer was analysed in detail. PATIENTS AND METHODS Population and death certification data from stomach, colorectum, pancreas, lung, breast, uterus, prostate, leukaemias and total cancers were obtained from the World Health Organisation database and Eurostat. Figures were derived for the EU, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK. Projected 2015 numbers of deaths by age group were obtained by linear regression on estimated numbers of deaths over the most recent time period identified by a joinpoint regression model. RESULTS A total of 1,359,100 cancer deaths are predicted in the EU in 2015 (766,200 men and 592,900 women), corresponding to standardised death rates of 138.4/100,000 men and 83.9/100,000 women, falling 7.5% and 6%, respectively, since 2009. In men, predicted rates for the three major cancers (lung, colorectum and prostate) are lower than in 2009, falling 9%, 5% and 12%. Prostate cancer showed predicted falls of 14%, 17% and 9% in the 35-64, 65-74 and 75+ age groups. In women, breast and colorectal cancers had favourable trends (-10% and -8%), but predicted lung cancer rates rise 9% to 14.24/100,000 becoming the cancer with the highest rate, reaching and possibly overtaking breast cancer rates--though the total number of deaths remain higher for breast (90 800) than lung (87 500). Pancreatic cancer has a negative outlook in both sexes, rising 4% in men and 5% in women between 2009 and 2015. CONCLUSIONS Cancer mortality predictions for 2015 confirm the overall favourable cancer mortality trend in the EU, translating to an overall 26% fall in men since its peak in 1988, and 21% in women, and the avoidance of over 325,000 deaths in 2015 compared with the peak rate.
Auditory Implicit Semantic Priming in Spanish-Speaking Children with and without Specific Language Impairment

Abstract We analyzed whether Spanish-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) showed deficits in lexical-semantic processing/organization, and whether these lexical measures correlated with standardized measures of language abilities. Fourteen children with Typical Language Development (TLD) and 16 age-matched children with SLI (8;0–9;11 years) participated. In a Lexical Decision (LD) task with implicit semantic priming, children judged whether a given speech pair contained two words (semantically related/unrelated) or a word-pseudoword. Children received a comprehensive language and reading test battery. Children with TLD exhibited significant semantic priming; they were faster for semantically related word pairs than for unrelated (p < .001) and than for word-pseudoword pairs (p < .0002). The group with SLI did not exhibit significant semantic priming, despite showing more variability. Children with SLI made significantly slower LDs [F(1, 26) = 4.61, p < . 05, partial η2 = . 15] and more errors [F(1, 26) = 4.16, p < . 05, partial η2 = . 13] than children with TLD. Mean response time across all LD conditions and the receptive vocabulary (PPVT-III) were significantly negativity correlated for children with SLI (r = –.71, p = .004). Children with SLI, especially those with the poorest language scores, showed a semantic-lexical deficit and a weakness in lexical-semantic association networks. Their performance on the LD task was significantly slower and poorer than for children with TLD. Increasing a child’s vocabulary may benefit lexical access.
Out of the Closet: The Importance of Stories and Storytelling in Planning Practice

This article argues that story has a special importance in planning that has neither been fully understood nor sufficiently valued. Planning is performed through story, in a myriad of ways. The aim here is to unpack the many ways we use story: in policy, in process, in pedagogy, in critique, as a foundation, and as a catalyst for change. A better understanding of the work that stories do can make us better planners in at least three ways: by expanding our practical tools, by sharpening our critical judgment and by widening the circle of democratic discourse.
Soldiers, chiefs and church: unstable democracy in Fiji

The qualities of democracy in Fiji are strongly influenced by ethnic divisions and indigenous sources of power and legitimacy in society. Periods of constitutional democracy interrupted by successive coups garnering conflicting support suggest that a more stable Fijian democracy requires a delicate balance of tribal, religious, ethnic and military interests. Successful democratic and governance reform requires the inclusive deliberation of all major groups in civil and political society, and not merely one that purports to represent all. Only by improving the qualities of democracy in Fiji will Fijian politics emerge from its cycle of coups and offer a more stable form of government.
Tax Rates, Government Spending and TFP A Quantitative Assessment of their Role in the Greek Depression: 1979-2001

This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the role of government policy and total factor produc- tivity (TFP) in Greek economic performance during the period 1979-2001. According to Kehoe and Prescott (2002, 2007) this period can be characterized as a Great Depression. Our methodology, based upon the work of Cole and Ohanian (1999) and Kehoe and Prescott (2002, 2007), employes growth accounting and a dynamic general equilibri- um model. We introduce to the neoclassical growth model a government sector with distortionary taxation, and given the exogenous paths of tax rates, government consumption, TFP, and population, we ask whether our model economy can produce growth accounting characteristics which are similar to that in the data. Our results suggest, that our model economy qualitatively matches the path of key macroeconomic variables (real per capita GDP, capi- tal deepening, and labour hours per capita) of the Greek economy for the period 1979-2001. However, quantitati- vely and in terms of timing and turning points, there are subperiods were our artiOcial economy diverges from the data. Furthermore, the presence of distortionary taxation and government spending improves the performance of our model compared to the case of a standard neoclassical setting (see Gogos et al. (2014)). As a result, we conclude that the government sector is important in accounting for Greeceis economic performance over the period 1979-2001.
Memantine leads to behavioral improvement and amyloid reduction in Alzheimer's‐disease‐model transgenic mice shown as by micromagnetic resonance imaging

Memantine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been shown to improve learning and memory in several preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memantine has also been shown to reduce the levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in human neuroblastoma cells as well as to inhibit Aβ oligomer‐induced synaptic loss. In this study, we assessed whether NMDA receptor inhibition by memantine in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid‐beta precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) is associated with cognitive benefit and amyloid burden reduction by using object recognition, micromagnetic resonance imaging (μMRI), and histology. APP/PS1 Tg mice were treated either with memantine or with vehicle for a period of 4 months starting at 3 months of age. After treatment, the mice were subjected to an object recognition test and analyzed by ex vivo μMRI, and histological examination of amyloid burden. μMRI was performed following injection with gadolinium‐DTPA‐Aβ1–40. We found that memantine‐treated Tg mice performed the same as wild‐type control mice, whereas the performance of vehicle‐treated Tg mice was significantly impaired (P = 0.0081, one‐way ANOVA). Compared with vehicle‐treated animals, memantine‐treated Tg mice had a reduced plaque burden, as determined both histologically and by μMRI. This reduction in amyloid burden correlates with an improvement in cognitive performance. Thus, our findings provide further evidence of the potential role of NMDA receptor antagonists in ameliorating AD‐related pathology. In addition, our study shows, for the first time, the utility of μMRI in conjunction with gadolinium‐labeled Aβ labeling agents to monitor the therapeutic response to amyloid‐reducing agents. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.