Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Clinical practice and evaluation of relative fluid resuscitation formula at burn shock stage].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application of the Third Military Medical University (TMMU) formula for fluid resuscitation on the major burn patients during shock stage. METHODS Seventy-one thermal injury patients (burn area more than 30% TBSA, without especial illness, hospitalization within 8 hour after burn) admitted from 2005 to 2007 were divided into adult group (n = 46), child group (n = 25). Fluid resuscitation was initiated as per the TMMU formula. RESULTS All patients survived the first 48 hours post burn injury and none developed recognized complications associated with fluid resuscitation. The average infused fluid was 16% approximately 38% more than the calculated in both adult and child groups. The average urine output during the first 24 hours post burn injury was 1.1 approximately 1.2 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in the two groups, but reached 1.2 mL and 1.7 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) during the second 24 hours in adult and child groups respectively. CONCLUSION TMMU formula for fluid resuscitation is a feasible option for major burn patients. Individual fluid resuscitation, guided by the physiological response, is also important and necessary.
Optimal control of MDPs with temporal logic constraints

In this paper, we focus on formal synthesis of control policies for finite Markov decision processes with non-negative real-valued costs. We develop an algorithm to automatically generate a policy that guarantees the satisfaction of a correctness specification expressed as a formula of Linear Temporal Logic, while at the same time minimizing the expected average cost between two consecutive satisfactions of a desired property. The existing solutions to this problem are sub-optimal. By leveraging ideas from automata-based model checking and game theory, we provide an optimal solution. We demonstrate the approach on an illustrative example.
Ieee Computer Graphics and Applications 61 Stable Cutting of Deformable Objects in Virtual Environments Using Xfem Related Work and Contribution Remeshing Methods

S urgical simulation is an important VR application field. A surgery simulator's main requirement is the plausible deformation of soft tissue in real time and its interactive manipulation using various surgical instruments. The majority of current surgical simulators use the finite element method (FEM) for tissue deformation. In FEM, a volumetric mesh of tetrahedral elements represents the simulation objects. Although an interactive cutting simulation is an essential feature of a surgery trainer, the interactive progressive cutting of a de-formable FEM mesh is a challenging problem. The number and quality of the FEM elements have a direct impact on simulation performance and stability. From a technical viewpoint, simulating a surgical cut is similar to simulating a crack or fracture in mechanical and civil engineering simulations of destructive phenomena. Both must deal with the same stability issues. Researchers have recently presented a number of different approaches to these simulations, but the problems haven't yet been satisfactorily resolved. In this article we prove the suitability of an extended FEM for interactive cutting of deformable objects in virtual environments (see the sidebar, " XFEM: The Extended Finite Element Method " on the next page). We begin by outlining the principle of XFEM and its application on a linear finite element. Then we explain how to apply XFEM to the most commonly used methods for simulating large deformations. We discuss the stability issues of a dynamic simulation and introduce a mass-lumping approach to guarantee simulation stability regardless of the cut's location. We conclude by analyzing the impact of cutting on simulation performance. The methods for simulating surgical cutting published so far require FEM elements to align with the cut. The methods for achieving this alignment are constraining the cut to the borders of existing elements, splitting the elements along the cut, snapping the elements' borders to the cut, or combining two or more of these methods. We will mention the most representative approaches. Stéphane Cotin and his colleagues remove the tetrahedra touched by the cutting tool. 1 Their method creates no new elements, so it doesn't harm the simulation's stability. However, it violates the mass conservation law, and the created cut contains unpleasing visual artifacts. Several researchers subdivide the tetrahedra. Daniel Bielser and his colleagues 2 and Andrew Mor and Takeo Kanade 3 subdivide according to predefined templates. The original tetrahedron is replaced by up to 17 new tet-rahedra. Mor and Kanade generate a minimal …
Unsegmented Dialogue Act Annotation and Decoding With N-Gram Transducers

Most studies on dialogue corpora, as well as most dialogue systems, employ dialogue acts as the basic units for interpreting discourse structure, user input and system actions. The definition of the discourse structure and the dialogue strategy consequently require the tagging of dialogue corpora in terms of dialogue acts. The tagging problem presents two basic variants: a batch variant (annotation of whole dialogues, in order to define dialogue strategy or study discourse structure) and an online variant (decoding of the dialogue act sequence of a given turn, in order to interpret user intentions). In the two variants is unusual having the segmentation of each turn into the dialogue meaningful units (segments) to which a dialogue act is assigned. In this paper we present the use of the N-Gram Transducer technique for tagging dialogues, without needing to provide a prior segmentation, in these two different variants (dialogue annotation and turn decoding). Experiments were performed in two corpora of different nature and results show that N-Gram Transducer models are suitable for these tasks and provide good performance.
Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: A population study

A recent large population study of 130,000 adults in the United States failed to find evidence for a link between psychedelic use (lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin or mescaline) and mental health problems. Using a new data set consisting of 135,095 randomly selected United States adults, including 19,299 psychedelic users, we examine the associations between psychedelic use and mental health. After adjusting for sociodemographics, other drug use and childhood depression, we found no significant associations between lifetime use of psychedelics and increased likelihood of past year serious psychological distress, mental health treatment, suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans and suicide attempt, depression and anxiety. We failed to find evidence that psychedelic use is an independent risk factor for mental health problems. Psychedelics are not known to harm the brain or other body organs or to cause addiction or compulsive use; serious adverse events involving psychedelics are extremely rare. Overall, it is difficult to see how prohibition of psychedelics can be justified as a public health measure.
Delayed Feedback of Physician Performance Versus Immediate Reminders to Perform Preventive Care: Effects on Physician Compliance

In an academic general medicine clinic, we performed a randomized, controlled trial to compare (1) the effects of supplying monthly feedback reports of compliance with preventive care protocols by 135 internal medicine house staff with (2) the effects of specific reminders given to them at the time of patient visits. The protocols were randomly divided into two groups, A and B, and half the house staff were given feedback for Group A and half for Group B. Thus, each group served as a control for the other. Each feedback group was also randomly assigned to receive reminders for either Group A or B protocols. House staff receiving feedback more often complied with fecal occult blood testing, mammography, pneumococcal vaccination, use of metronidazole, and combined Group A and B protocols than did controls (P < 0.01). There was also significantly more compliance with the same protocols by house staff receiving reminders, but the increase for fecal occult blood testing, pneumococcal vaccination, and combined Group A protocols was twice that seen in physicians given feedback alone. In addition, reminders alone increased compliance with oral calcium supplementation. Overall compliance with the preventive care protocols was low: 10-15% in physicians receiving neither feedback nor reminders, increasing to 15-30% in those receiving reminders. Physician compliance with suggested preventive care protocols can be increased by both delayed feedback and immediate reminders, but reminders have a greater effect.
Identification of a Binding Motif in the S5 Helix That Confers Cholesterol Sensitivity to the TRPV1 Ion Channel*

The TRPV1 ion channel serves as an integrator of noxious stimuli with its activation linked to pain and neurogenic inflammation. Cholesterol, a major component of cell membranes, modifies the function of several types of ion channels. Here, using measurements of capsaicin-activated currents in excised patches from TRPV1-expressing HEK cells, we show that enrichment with cholesterol, but not its diastereoisomer epicholesterol, markedly decreased wild-type rat TRPV1 currents. Substitutions in the S5 helix, rTRPV1-R579D, and rTRPV1-F582Q, decreased this cholesterol response and rTRPV1-L585I was insensitive to cholesterol addition. Two human TRPV1 variants, with different amino acids at position 585, had different responses to cholesterol with hTRPV1-Ile585 being insensitive to this molecule. However, hTRPV1-I585L was inhibited by cholesterol addition similar to rTRPV1 with the same S5 sequence. In the absence of capsaicin, cholesterol enrichment also inhibited TRPV1 currents induced by elevated temperature and voltage. These data suggest that there is a cholesterol-binding site in TRPV1 and that the functions of TRPV1 depend on the genetic variant and membrane cholesterol content.
Augmented trabeculectomy in paediatric glaucoma

Aims: To report the experience with trabeculectomy augmented with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of paediatric glaucoma. Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series design was used. The sample included 17 children (29 eyes) with primary (19 eyes) or secondary (10 eyes) glaucoma who were treated with augmented trabeculectomy as the primary procedure between 1990 and 2002. Data were collected on age and family history, preoperative and end of follow up intraocular pressure, cup/disc ratio (evaluated by drawing), visual acuity, complications, and post-surgery treatment. Results: Patient age at surgery ranged from 1 month to 8 years; most patients (n = 14, 82.3%) were aged less than 1 year (range 1 month–8 months, mean 3.95 (SD 2.56) months); three patients (17.7%) were aged 3, 5, and 8 years. The duration of follow up was 3–120 months (mean 46 months). Intraocular pressure significantly improved from 21 mm Hg to 60 mm Hg (mean 33.1 (10) mm Hg) before surgery to 6–26 mm Hg (mean 17.1 (6) mm Hg) after, (p <0.0001). There was no significant change in cup/disc ratio: 0.1–0.8 (mean 0.42 (0.26)) before and 0.1–1.0 (mean 0.511 (0.27)) after (p = 0.45). In 22 eyes (75.8%), intraocular pressure was controlled at less than 20 mm Hg and the cup/disc ratio remained stable or improved. The life table success rate for intraocular pressure control remained stable at 86% at the 12, 24, and 36 months and after 48 months decreased to 53%. There was no significant difference in the life table results between primary and secondary glaucoma. 14 eyes (48.2%) had a visual acuity better than 20/120 by the end of follow up. Repeated surgery was necessary in eight eyes (27.5%), and additional antiglaucoma treatment in 13 (44.8%). Complications included retinal detachment 1 year after surgery, choroidal detachment, and blebitis (one eye each). Conclusions: Augmented trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil may serve as the primary procedure in a selected group of paediatric patients with glaucoma.
Summer Differences among Arctic Ecosystems in Regional Climate Forcing

Biome differences in surface energy balance strongly affect climate. However, arctic vegetation is considered sufficiently uniform that only a single arctic land surface type is generally used in climate models. Field measurements in northern Alaska show large differences among arctic ecosystem types in summer energy absorption and partitioning. Simulations with the Arctic Regional Climate System Model demonstrate that these variations in land surface parameters and ecological processes cause variation in surface fluxes that is sufficiently large to affect the regional climate. Plausible changes in arctic vegetation in response to high-latitude warming would feed back positively to local summer warming. This local warming could extend into the boreal zone. Climate feedbacks that operate during the growing season are particularly likely to impact vegetation and ecosystem properties. These field and model results suggest that vegetation changes within a biome could be climatically important and warrant consideration in regional climate modeling.
Prevalence and Incidence of Hypoglycaemia in 532,542 People with Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Therapies and Insulin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Population Based Studies

Objective To collate and evaluate the current literature reporting the prevalence and incidence of hypoglycaemia in population based studies of type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Methods Medline, Embase and Cochrane were searched up to February 2014 to identify population based studies reporting the proportion of people with type 2 diabetes experiencing hypoglycaemia or rate of events experienced. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and extracted data for included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were carried out to calculate the prevalence and incidence of hypoglycaemia. Results 46 studies (n = 532,542) met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of hypoglycaemia was 45% (95%CI 0.34,0.57) for mild/moderate and 6% (95%CI, 0.05,0.07) for severe. Incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes per person-year for mild/moderate and for severe was 19 (95%CI 0.00, 51.08) and 0.80 (95%CI 0.00,2.15), respectively. Hypoglycaemia was prevalent amongst those on insulin; for mild/moderate episodes the prevalence was 50% and incidence 23 events per person-year, and for severe episodes the prevalence was 21% and incidence 1 event per person-year. For treatment regimes that included a sulphonylurea, mild/moderate prevalence was 30% and incidence 2 events per person-year, and severe prevalence was 5% and incidence 0.01 events per person-year. A similar prevalence of 5% was found for treatment regimes that did not include sulphonylureas. Conclusions Current evidence shows hypoglycaemia is considerably prevalent amongst people with type 2 diabetes, particularly for those on insulin, yet still fairly common for other treatment regimens. This highlights the subsequent need for educational interventions and individualisation of therapies to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Utility of the Tono-Pen in Measuring Intraocular Pressure in Trinidad: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIM To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Reichert™ Tono-Pen AVIA® when used by novice medical students in an ethnically diverse population in Trinidad. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Participants were residents of Trinidad between the ages of 20 and 90 years attending the Ophthalmology Clinic at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (the gold standard) for ophthalmology clinic patients as part of their routine care. Intraocular pressure measurements were then taken using the Tono-Pen. RESULTS One hundred persons participated, consisting of Indo-Trinidadians (55%), Afro-Trinidadians (36%), Mixed (8%) and 1% of Caucasian descent. Fourteen per cent reported a diagnosis of glaucoma, with 70.6% of these being of African descent. One hundred and ninety-eight readings of IOP were taken. At a cut-off point of 21 mmHg, there were nine true positives, four false positives, seven false negatives and 178 true negatives. The sensitivity and specificity were found to be 56.3% (95% CI 33.2, 76.9) and 97.8% (95% CI 94.5, 99.1), respectively. The positive predictive value was calculated as 69.2% (95% CI 42.4, 87.3) while the negative predictive value was 96.2% (95% CI 92.4, 98.2). The prevalence of elevated IOP in this population was 8.1% (95% CI 4.8, 13.0). The likelihood ratio of a positive result was calculated to be 25.6 (95% CI 8.6, 73.9). CONCLUSION The high specificity and negative predictive value suggests that the Tono-Pen can be used with minimal training, and can prove beneficial at the primary care level in the exclusion of increased IOP in an ethnically diverse high-risk Caribbean population.
Preparation of polypropylene nanocomposites by melt-mixing: Comparison between three organoclays

Polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with three different organoclays (Dellite© 67 G, Cloisite© 20, and Cloisite© 30B) were prepared via melt-mixing in an internal mixer. The three organoclays differ essentially via their organic modifier and interlamellar distance. The nanocomposites microstructure was characterized at different scales through SEM observations, X-ray diffractometry, and rheological measurements. The influence of processing parameters such as rotor speed and mixing time was quantified. The results show that Dellite© 67 G and Cloisite© 20 present a good dispersion state, with an intercalation of the tactoids by the polymer chains and a good level of exfoliation. In contrast, whatever the processing conditions, Cloisite© 30B was not dispersed correctly in the matrix, showing neither intercalation nor exfoliation, even in presence of compatibilizer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45053.
Oral tolerance induction by partially hydrolyzed whey protein in mice is associated with enhanced numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes

To cite this article: van Esch BCAM, Schouten B, de Kivit S, Hofman GA, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM, Garssen J. Oral tolerance induction by partially hydrolyzed whey protein in mice is associated with enhanced numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 820–826.
DETERMINANTS OF SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS OF WIVES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSERS

One hundred and fifty seven suicide attempters who were the wives of substance abusers were interviewed with the help of a self innovated proforma that was designed to explore the causative factors for their suicidal behaviour. These subjects were selected from the Intensive Medical Care Unit of Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai. Some of the family and personal problems encountered by them that were attributable to their husbands' behaviour, such as disturbed relationship with the relatives (84.7%), being manhandled by their husbands (79.5%), financial problems (76.4%) and deprivation of emotional support and love (51%), were scarecely different from those noted in other reports on attempted suicide.Nonetheless, besides the fighting behaviour of their spouses with others (58.6%), the influence of the symptoms of delusional jealousy (24.8%) and suicidal ideas (14,0%) manifested by their husbands as driving forces for their suicidal behaviour might be of specific relevance to this group of suicide attempters. The cultural influence on the behaviour of our women in response to these psychiatric symptoms of their husbands has been highlighted.
Amplification of IGH/MYC fusion in clinically aggressive IGH/BCL2‐positive germinal center B‐cell lymphomas

Activation of an oncogene via its juxtaposition to the IGH locus by a chromosomal translocation or, less frequently, by genomic amplification is considered a major mechanism of B‐cell lymphomagenesis. However, amplification of an IGH/oncogene fusion, coined a complicon, is a rare event in human cancers and has been associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatment. In this article are descriptions of two cases of germinal‐center‐derived B‐cell lymphomas with IGH/BCL2 fusion that additionally displayed amplification of an IGH/MYC fusion. As shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the first case contained a IGH/MYC complicon in double minutes, whereas the second case showed a BCL2/IGH/MYC complicon on a der(8)t(8;14)t(14;18). Additional molecular cytogenetic and mutation analyses revealed that the first case also contained a chromosomal translocation affecting the BCL6 oncogene and a biallelic inactivation of TP53. The second case harbored a duplication of REL and acquired a translocation affecting IGL and a biallelic inactivation of TP53 during progression. Complicons affecting Igh/Myc have been reported previously in lymphomas of mouse models simultaneously deficient in Tp53 and in genes of the nonhomologous end–joining DNA repair pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that IGH/MYC complicons have been reported in human lymphomas. Our findings imply that the two mechanisms resulting in MYC deregulation, that is, translocation and amplification, can occur simultaneously. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suicide in major depression in different treatment settings.

BACKGROUND Whether suicide victims having suffered from major depression differ in their characteristics and treatment of depression received in various settings prior to death has been unknown. METHOD From a random sample representing all completed suicides in Finland within a 12-month period, cases with a best estimate diagnosis of current unipolar DSM-III-R major depression (N = 71) were comprehensively analyzed using the method of psychological autopsy. Suicide victims with major depression were classified according to treatment setting, and the victims in different settings--psychiatric care (N = 32), medical care (N = 27), and no contact with health care (N = 12)--were compared. RESULTS The sex distribution of suicides who had major depression was equal within psychiatric care; but in medical care or without contact with health care, 77% (30 of 39) were men (p = .018). Significantly more victims in psychiatric than in medical care had communicated to attending personnel their intent to commit suicide (59% [19 of 32] vs. 19% [5 of 27], p = .004). Antidepressants were received by 60% of victims in psychiatric care but only 16% in medical care (p = .002). CONCLUSION Suicide victims with major depression differ in sex distribution and communication of suicide intent among treatment settings, which may complicate the ability to generalize research findings, particularly from psychiatric to medical care. Promoting suicide prevention in major depressive disorders would seem to require improving not only the quality of treatment within psychiatric care, but also basic skills in recognizing and treating depression in medical care, especially for male patients.
Interaction and ablation of fall-back discs in isolated neutron stars

An analysis of ablation processes is made for a fall-back disc with inner and outer radii external to the neutron-star light cylinder. The calculated ablation rate leads, with certain other assumptions, to a simple expression relating the inner radius and mean mass per unit area of any long-lived fall-back disc. Expressions for the torque components generated by interaction with the pulsar wind are obtained. It is not impossible that these could be responsible for small observable variations in pulse shape and spin-down rate but they are unlikely to be the source of the periodic changes seen in several pulsars.