Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographic Expansion, Despotism, and the Colonisation of East and South Polynesia. - eScholarship

Demographic expansion, despotism and the colonisation of East and South Polynesia Douglas J. Kennett Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, USA dkennett@uoregon.edu Bruce Winterhalder Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, USA Introduction The Pacific Islands were some of the last habitable places on earth to be colonised by humans. Current archaeological evidence suggests these islands were colonised from c. 35,000 BP, and the expansion to increasingly remote islands and archipelagos was episodic rather than continuous; with bursts of migration followed by longer periods of sedentism and population growth (Anderson 2001a). The last phase of colonisation into East and South Polynesia occurred rapidly at c. 1000 BP, after a 1600-year hiatus in colonisation activity (Spriggs and Anderson 1993; Anderson 2001a, 2003). We argued in an earlier paper (Kennett et al. 2006) that the episodic nature of oceanic colonisation is consistent with the predictions of Ideal Free Distribution (IFD), a population ecology model that considers the dynamic character of island suitability, along with density- dependent and density-independent variables influencing migratory behaviour. We also suggested intensive food production was one variable that contributed to decreasing suitability of island habitats, stimulating dispersal, and ultimately migrations to more distant islands in Oceania. One of the primary assumptions of the IFD model is that all members of a group have equal competitive abilities and access to resources. Missing from our original model was an evaluation of changing despotic behavior. Despotic behaviour is an extreme bias in the control of resources by certain individuals (Summers 2005), which is documented in many Polynesian chiefdoms (Kirch 2000; Kirch and Kahn 2007). In this paper, we develop a model known as Ideal Despotic Distribution (IDD), and use it to evaluate the sociopolitical context for the colonisation of East and South Polynesia. terra australis 29
Surface free energy for systems with integrable boundary conditions

The surface free energy is the difference between the free energies for a system with open boundary conditions and the same system with periodic boundary conditions. We use the quantum transfer matrix formalism to express the surface free energy in the thermodynamic limit of systems with integrable boundary conditions as a matrix element of certain projection operators. Specializing to the XXZ spin-1/2 chain we introduce a novel 'finite temperature boundary operator' which characterizes the thermodynamical properties of surfaces related to integrable boundary conditions.
'Unfunded Liabilities' and Uncertain Fiscal Financing

We develop a rational expectations framework to study the consequences of alternative means to resolve the "unfunded liabilities'' problem---unsustainable exponential growth in federal Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid spending with no plan to finance it. Resolution requires specifying a probability distribution for how and when monetary and fiscal policies will change as the economy evolves through the 21st century. Beliefs based on that distribution determine the existence of and the nature of equilibrium. We consider policies that in expectation combine reaching a fiscal limit, some distorting taxation, modest inflation, and some reneging on the government's promised transfers. In the equilibrium, inflation-targeting monetary policy cannot successfully anchor expected inflation. Expectational effects are always present, but need not have large impacts on inflation and interest rates in the short and medium runs.
Span programs for functions with constant-sized 1-certificates: extended abstract

Besides the Hidden Subgroup Problem, the second large class of quantum speed-ups is for functions with constant-sized 1-certificates. This includes the OR function, solvable by the Grover algorithm, the element distinctness, the triangle and other problems. The usual way to solve them is by quantum walk on the Johnson graph. We propose a solution for the same problems using span programs. The span program is a computational model equivalent to the quantum query algorithm in its strength, and yet very different in its outfit. We prove the power of our approach by designing a quantum algorithm for the triangle problem with query complexity O(n35/27) that is better than O(n13/10) of the best previously known algorithm by Magniez et al.
Fair and Efficient User-Network Association Algorithm for Multi-Technology Wireless Networks

Recent mobile equipment (as well as the norm IEEE 802.21) offers the possibility for users to switch from one technology to another (vertical handover). This allows flexibility in resource assignments and, consequently, increases the potential throughput allocated to each user. In this paper, we design a fully distributed algorithm based on trial and error mechanisms that exploits the benefits of vertical handover by finding fair and efficient assignment schemes. On the one hand, mobiles gradually update the fraction of data packets they send to each network based on the rewards they receive from the stations. On the other hand, network stations send rewards to each mobile that represent the impact each mobile has on the cell throughput. This reward function is closely related to the concept of marginal cost in the pricing literature. Both the station and the mobile algorithms are simple enough to be implemented in current standard equipment. Based on tools from evolutionary games, potential games and replicator dynamics, we analytically show the convergence of the algorithm to fair and efficient solutions. Moreover, we show that after convergence, each user is connected to a single network cell which avoids costly repeated vertical handovers. To achieve fast convergence, several simple heuristics based on this algorithm are proposed and tested. Indeed, for implementation purposes, the number of iterations should remain in the order of a few tens.
Securitization, Risk‐Taking and the Option to Change Strategy

This article models the riskiness of structured securitization deals. The deals are put together by “banks,” which can exercise strategic options over the risk put into the deals. The banks face a trade-off between the benefits of risk-taking now and future franchise benefits if the deal pays off. The key insight is a convex relationship between the value of the bank's equity position and the risk in the deal. Although there is a continuum of possible risk, banks choose either the highest or lowest levels of risk open to them. Changes in strategy are discontinuous and unpredictable; a history of low risk-taking may be a prelude to increased risk-taking later. Competition, to the extent of reducing franchise value, can lead to more risk-taking, as can more information in the market. The model provides insights into the risk-taking that led up to the Great Recession and to institutions that are “Too Big to Fail. ”
On Some Nonlinear Current Controllers for Three-Phase Boost Rectifiers

Several flatness-based current controllers for three-phase three-wire boost rectifiers are compared. For this purpose, the flatness of a rectifier model is shown, and a trajectory planning algorithm that nominally achieves voltage regulation in finite time is given. The main focus lies on the inner loop current controllers. On one hand, linearization-based controllers using exact feedback linearization, exact feedforward linearization, and input-output linearization are discussed. On the other hand, two passivity-based approaches are compared. The first one is the energy shaping and damping injection method, and the other one uses exact tracking error dynamics passive output feedback. Furthermore, a reduced-order load observer is given, and a method that allows the prevention of invalid switching patterns is presented. The presented control algorithms are tested by simulations on a switched model.
Pension Governance in Australia: An Anatomy and an Interpretation

The Australian pension system is evolving, driven by changing regulation, financial innovation and changing political climates. This article offers a snapshot of its current trustee policies and practices and shows that industry funds and retail funds have different historical origins, leading to different governance practices. One example is the task of portfolio construction involving asset allocation and manager selection. Many retail trustees within commercial conglomerate structures have passed the portfolio construction task to related service providers, increasing services and fees for fund members, whereas the portfolio construction task is an integral part of the service provided by industry funds themselves. Another example is the negotiation of investment management fees. Industry funds and their trustees do not appear to have the same level of conflict of interest in negotiating best possible terms for investment management services for their funds. Unlike most industry funds, many retail funds have high recognition due to their associations with reputable brand-name conglomerates and due to their history of easy access by the general public for managed investment products. They offer a sense of stability and security that is attractive to many investors. The article concludes that all funds should have default options tied to a few low-cost, well-diversified portfolios.
Non-perturbative methods

The current theoretical understanding of processes involving many weakly interacting bosons in the Standard Model and in model theories is discussed. In particular, such processes are associated with the baryon and lepton number violation in the Standard Model. The most interesting domain where the multiplicity of bosons is larger than the inverse of small coupling constant is beyond the scope of perturbation theory and requires a non-perturbative analysis.
Apoptotic circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of metastatic colorectal cancer patients are associated with liver metastasis but not CTCs

Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by the CellSearch system provides prognostic information in metastatic colorectal cancer, regardless of metastatic site. We found that CTCs generally represent <1% of observed events with CellSearch analysis and adapted scoring criteria to classify other peripheral blood events. Examination of twenty two metastatic colorectal cancer patients' blood revealed that patients with high CEA or liver metastases, but not lung or distant lymph node metastases, possessed significant numbers of apoptotic CTCs prior to treatment initiation by Fischer's exact test. Six out of eleven patients with liver metastasis possessed apoptotic CTCs whereas one of nine patients with other metastases had measurable apoptotic CTCs. An elevated CTC number was not necessarily associated with apoptotic CTCs or CTC debris by Spearman's correlation, suggesting the metastatic site rather than CTCs per se as contributing to the origin of these events.
Gender Differences Associated with Enrollment in the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science

This study sought to determine if different factors had influenced females and males to select engineering/science-related studies at the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science (TAMS). The data were collected in the fall semester in 1997 at TAMS located on the University of North Texas campus from a survey of factors reported in the literature that had influenced students to enroll in engineering/science-related curriculum.
Dynamics of personal social relationships in online social networks: a study on twitter

The growing popularity of Online Social Networks (OSN) is generating a large amount of communication records that can be easily accessed and analysed to study human social behaviour. This represents a unique opportunity to understand properties of social networks that were impossible to assess in the past. Although analyses on OSN conducted hitherto revealed some important global properties of the networks, there is still a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underpinning these properties, their relation to human behaviour, and their dynamic evolution over time. These aspects are clearly important to understand and characterise OSN and to identify the evolutionary strategy that favoured the diffusion of the use of online communications in our society. In this paper we analyse a data set of Twitter communication records, studying the dynamic processes that govern the maintenance of online social relationships. The results reveal that people in Twitter have highly dynamic social networks, with a large percentage of weak ties and high turnover. This suggests that this behaviour can be the product of an evolutionary strategy aimed at coping with the extremely challenging conditions imposed by our society, where dynamism seems to be the key to success.
A Comparison of baiting and Perimeter Spray Programs for Urban Pest Management of Argentine Ants: A Demonstration and Costs

Insecticide treatments were evaluated for efcacy in reducing outdoor infestations ofArgentineants aroundhomesinsouthernCalifornia.Treatments were applied with the goal of reducing the amount of insecticides applied to control ants. Most efective was an experimental liquid bait formulated with 0.003% thiamethoxam as the toxicant. It reduced the ant numbers near the house by 84% and in the yard by 80%. Similar levels of control were obtained near the house with the same bait containing a lower concentration of AI (0.001%), and two other treatments using low volume applications of fpronil sprays. In the yard, though, these treatments were less efective. Te results show that less insecticide and more target specifc applications can be used efectively to control Argentine ants outdoors. A cost analysis indicated that a standard industry treatment cost 40% less than baiting.
Stability diagrams for Landau damping

Coherent modes which are present when there is no incoherent tune spread may be absent when such a spread exists. Such modes are "Landau damped". There is instead an incoherent spectrum, a continuum of an infinite number of frequencies, which will decohere (filament), thus not leading to collective instabilities. A stability diagram indicates when Landau damping will be effective. It divides the effective impedance plane, or equivalently the plane of coherent frequency in the absence of tune spread, into regions. The region which contains +i/spl infin/ corresponds to instability. Thus, one can substitute a simpler computation (finding discrete eigenvalues) for a more complex computation (solving an eigenvalue system with both a discrete and a continuous eigenvalue spectrum). We present stability diagrams assuming a linear tune shift with amplitude, allowing tune spread in two transverse planes or in the longitudinal plane alone. When there is longitudinal tune spread, this can not be done exactly, and we describe approximations which make the computation tractable.
Swiss unconventional monetary policy: lessons for the transmission of quantitative easing

In August 2011, the Swiss National Bank engaged in unconventional monetary policy through an unprecedented expansion of bank reserves. As these actions did not involve any outright long-term asset purchases, this unique episode allows for novel insights on the transmission mechanism of central bank balance sheet expansions to interest rates. Analysis of the response of Swiss bond yields to announcements regarding this program suggests that expansion of reserves by itself can lower long-term yields through a portfolio balance effect.
A dynamic term structure model of Central Bank policy

This thesis investigates the implications of explicitly modeling the monetary policy of the Central Bank within a Dynamic Term Structure Model (DTSM). We follow Piazzesi (2005) and implement monetary policy by including the Fed target rate as a state variable. The discontinuous target dynamics are accurately modeled via a non-linear switching process, while still maintaining affine requirements under the pricing measure ensuring tractability. To ensure a flexible risk specification we turn to the parametrization of Cheridito et al (2007), with extensions to the target jump process. Model parameters are estimated via a simulated maximum likelihood estimation scheme with importance sampling. A Bayesian particle filter is used as a robustness check, and it's use for static parameter estimation in a DTSM framework is explored. Our results support those in Piazzesi (2005), revealing a substantial improvement in pricing errors especially on the short end of the yield curve. The model construction provides a natural framework to inspect monetary policy information embedded in yields, which is found to be substantial. We find the addition of the target rate greatly improves the model's ability to explain excess return. An ability which is increased with the inclusion of the full term structure of target rates, as measured from Fed future contracts. We postulate the improved performance is due to the target as a proxy for short term rates, and a conduit to express the information content of the term structure of target rates. Thesis Supervisor: Leonid Kogan Title: Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Professor of Management
Global wind speed retrieval from SAR

The global availability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wave mode data from the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2, as well as ENVISAT, allows for the investigation of the wind field over the ocean on a global and continuous basis. For this purpose, 27 days of ERS-2 SAR wave mode data were processed, representing a total of 34310 imagettes of size 10 km /spl times/5 km, available every 200 km along the satellite track. In this paper, two methods for retrieving wind speeds from SAR imagettes are presented and validated, showing the applicability of ENVISAT alike SAR wave mode data for global ocean wind retrieval. The first method is based on the well-tested empirical C-band scatterometer (SCAT) models, which describe the dependency of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) on wind speed and direction. To apply C-band models to SAR data, the NRCS needs to be accurately calibrated. This is performed by a new efficient method utilizing a subset of colocated measurements from ERS-2 SCAT and model winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). SAR wind speeds are computed from the calibrated imagettes and compared to the entire set of colocated ERS-2 SCAT and ECMWF model data. Comparison to ERS-2 SCAT winds result in a correlation of 0.95 with a bias of -0.01 m s/sup -1/ and an rms error of 1.0 m s/sup -1/. The second approach is based on neural networks (NNs), which allow the retrieval of wind speeds from uncalibrated SAR imagettes. NNs are trained using the mean intensity of ERS-2 SAR imagettes and colocated wind data from the ERS-2 SCAT and ECMWF model data. Validation of the NN-retrieved SAR wind speeds to ERS-2 SCAT and ECMWF model wind data result in a correlation of 0.96 with a bias of -0.04 m s/sup -1/ and an rms error of 0.93 m s/sup -1/.
Outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis

AbstractIn Taiwan, colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis is considered a terminal condition. We examined the clinical outcomes of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) treatment for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis in Taiwan.We enrolled patients with colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastasis from Taipei Medical University, Wanfang Hospital between January 1999 and December 2014. Of the enrolled patients, 3 had mucinous-type tumors. In total, we enrolled 31 patients who underwent a total of 33 procedures. Of the 31 patients, 2 received the HIPEC procedure twice. Cytoreductive surgery was performed followed by HIPEC. The hazard ratios of death following cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model.The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients following cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC were 57% and 38%, respectively. The completeness of cytoreduction (CC) scores were CC-0, CC-1, CC-2, and CC-3 in 18 (54.5%), 3 (9%), 7 (21.2%), and 5 (15.2%) patients, respectively. The mean peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 16.20, and the mean postoperative PCI (PPCI) was 4.6. The major risk factors for death in these patients were a total PCI score > 20, total PPCI score > 0, and CC score ≥ 2 (P = 0.022, 0.031, and 0.0001, respectively; log-rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that the total PPCI score was the strongest predictor of death following cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in these patients.In Taiwan, performing cytoreductive surgery and administering HIPEC for treating colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis are feasible and resulted in long-term survival. In addition, the total PPCI score was related to poor prognosis following cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in patients with colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastasis.
Skilled Motor Performance and Working Memory in Rowers: Body Patterns and Spatial Positions

Previous studies using unfamiliar laboratory tasks (e.g. Smyth & Pendleton, 1990) have shown that working memory for movements to targets external to the body (positional movements) is dissociable from working memory for movements made to recreate specific configurations of body parts (patterned movements). In Experiment 1 this dissociation is replicated using tasks that were adapted for use in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2 the timing of experienced rowers’ performance of patterned and positional elements of the rowing stroke was selectively disrupted by concurrent performance of patterned and positional memory tasks, respectively. These results suggest that patterned and positional elements of well-practised everyday motor tasks, which involve a complex interaction of the two types of movement, are controlled separately and place dissociable demands on working memory.
Universal rateless coding with finite message set

Universal rateless coding over unknown discrete memoryless channels (DMC) is considered. In rateless codes each codeword is infinitely long, and the decoding time depends on the confidence level of the decoder. This work considers the finite message set case where a finite number of bits are transmitted over an unknown discrete memoryless channel, with a fix allowed error probability. Using rateless codes along with sequential universal decoding that utilizes a mixture probability law instead of the unknown channel law, an optimal universal scheme is obtained. The analysis specifies explicitly the attainable rate, at each message set size and allowed error probability, which reflects the cost of universality.
The Politics of Alcohol: A History of the Drink Question in England

Introduction 1. A monstrous plant: acohol and the Reformation 2. Healths, toasts and pledges: political drinking in the seventeenth century 3. A new kind of drunkenness: the gin craze 4. The politics of sobriety: coffee and politics in Georgian England 5. A fascinating poison: early medical writing on drink 6. Ungovernable passions: intoxication and Romanticism 7. Odious monopolies: power, control and the 1830 Beer Act 8. The last tyrant: the rise of temperance 9. A monstrous theory: the politics of prohibition 10. The state and the trade: the drink question at the turn of the century 10. Central control: war and nationalisation 11. The study of inebriety: medicine and the law 12. The pub and the people: drinking places and popular culture 13. Prevention and health: alcohol and public health 14. Beer orders: the changing landscape in the 1990s 15. Drinking responsibly: media, government and binge drinking Conclusion: the drink question today Index