Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Locally Consistent Concept Factorization for Document Clustering

Previous studies have demonstrated that document clustering performance can be improved significantly in lower dimensional linear subspaces. Recently, matrix factorization-based techniques, such as Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Concept Factorization (CF), have yielded impressive results. However, both of them effectively see only the global euclidean geometry, whereas the local manifold geometry is not fully considered. In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract the document concepts which are consistent with the manifold geometry such that each concept corresponds to a connected component. Central to our approach is a graph model which captures the local geometry of the document submanifold. Thus, we call it Locally Consistent Concept Factorization (LCCF). By using the graph Laplacian to smooth the document-to-concept mapping, LCCF can extract concepts with respect to the intrinsic manifold structure and thus documents associated with the same concept can be well clustered. The experimental results on TDT2 and Reuters-21578 have shown that the proposed approach provides a better representation and achieves better clustering results in terms of accuracy and mutual information.
Intrinsic Risk Factors for Groin Injuries among Male Soccer Players

Background This study was conducted to determine if risk factors for groin injuries among male soccer players could be identified. Hypothesis Previous groin injuries, reduced function scores, age, findings on clinical examination, and low isometric groin strength are associated with increased risk of new groin injuries. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 508 players representing 31 amateur teams were tested during the 2004 preseason for potential risk factors for groin injury through a questionnaire on previous injury and function score (Groin Outcome Score [GrOS]) and a clinical examination of the groin. Generalized estimating equations were used in univariate analyses to identify candidate risk factors, and factors with a P value <. 10 were then examined in a multivariate model. Results During the soccer season, 61 groin injuries affecting 55 legs (51 players) were registered. The total incidence of groin injuries was 0.6 injuries per 1000 playing hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.7), 0.3 injuries per 1000 training hours (95% CI, 0.2-0.4), and 1.8 injuries per 1000 match hours (95% CI, 1.2-2.5). In a multivariate analysis, previous acute groin injury (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.60; 95% CI, 1.10-6.11) and weak adductor muscles as determined clinically (adjusted OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.31-14.0) were significantly associated with increased risk of groin injuries. A multivariate analysis based only on acute time-loss injuries revealed the 40-m sprint test result (adjusted OR, 2.03 for 1 standard deviation change [injured group faster]; 95% CI, 1.06-3.88; P = .03) and functional testing of the rectal abdominal muscles (adjusted OR, 15.5 [painful in 19% of the players in the injured group compared to 16% in the uninjured group]; 95% CI, 1.11-217; P = .04) as significant risk factors. Conclusion A history of acute groin injury and weak adductor muscles are significant risk factors for new groin injuries.
Spouses and siblings in Sa stories

Earlier functionalist and structuralist approaches treat myths as texts rather than as stories told by people speaking in specific and variable contexts. An analysis of variations in the telling of two Sa stories from South Pentecost, Vanuatu, suggests that myths are not so much collective charters or manifestations of a deep unconscious structure of the mind but are stories which might be more biographically and historically situated.
Nature Conservationism and the Arctic Commons of Spitsbergen 1900–1920

Abstract The purpose of this article is to show how national interests and western ideas about the polar wilderness influenced initiatives taken in the early decades of the twentieth century to protect the natural environment of the Arctic islands of Spitsbergen, today called Svalbard. After a brief outline of the environmental history of the islands, the explanatory significance of a game theory-based assumption about the predicament of nature conservation on common land is discussed by applying it to this historical case. It is the environmental dilemma known as the “tragedy of the commons”. Some elements of the western and Scandinavian ideological interpretations of the Arctic nature are introduced as a background to the following discussion of the most significant early initiative of nature conservation in the Arctic: Hugo Conwentz's proposal for the protection of the nature of Spitsbergen of 1914. The conception and outcome of Conwentz's initiative is explained by references to the political, social and ideological contexts of early twentieth-century science and colonialism. In the final section, the post-war development of the environmental administration of the islands is correlated to the political situation following World War I with its many historical contingencies and the breakdown of internationalism in science and nature conservation.
How Many Teachers Does It Take to Support a Student?: Examining the Relationship between Teacher Support and Adverse Health Outcomes in High-Performing, Pressure-Cooker High Schools

Although considerable research has demonstrated the importance of supportive teacher-student relationships to students’ academic and nonacademic outcomes, few studies have explored these relationships in the context of high-performing high schools. Hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 5,557 students from 14 different high-performing high schools reveals that students who believe more of their teachers care for them and students who have an adult confidant within the school fare significantly better in terms of academic anxiety, internalizing symptoms, and physical problems related to school stress than their less supported counterparts. Results also show that having support from more teachers may be a stronger protective factor for students in these schools than having a close relationship with a single adult in the school. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Exposure to Media Violence and Bullying at School: Mediating Influences of Anger and Contact with Delinquent Friends

This study assessed a model of mediating influences of anger and contact with delinquent friends in the relationship between exposure to media violence and bullying at school. Data came from 560 Korean junior high school students who were living with their parents. Analysis indicated that, as hypothesized, exposure to media-portrayed violence was directly associated with bullying at school. Anger and contact with delinquent friends mediated this relationship. In addition, two alternative models were estimated, neither supported by the data, further sustaining the validity of the hypothesized model. Implications and directions for research are discussed.
Maurice Nevile, Beyond the black box: Talk-in-interaction in the airline cockpit

Maurice Nevile, Beyond the black box: Talk-in-interaction in the airline cockpit. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004. Pp. xvii, 245. Hb $94.95. Maurice Nevile, from the Australian National University, examines the routine interaction between pilots in the airline cockpit, drawing on several related theoretical approaches to talk-in-interaction, such as ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, and institutional discourse analysis. In chapter 1, “The workplace as social interaction,” Nevile reviews the theoretical background on workplace and institutional discourse as well as some of the most significant articles in the literature about aviation communications, in particular about interaction in the airline cockpit. In this sense, Nevile's work establishes a different orientation since, as he points out, previous work on this type of institutional discourse has focused on critical situations, accidents, and incidents instead of routine interaction, with the result that
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in ‘compulsive’ behavior in rats

Different lines of evidence point to dysfunction of basal ganglia‐thalamocortical circuits in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). It has been hypothesized that the circuits' dysfunction in OCD may be characterized by a relative under‐activity of the indirect compared with the direct pathway within these circuits. The present study tested whether lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a major node of the indirect pathway, would affect compulsive behavior, using the signal attenuation rat model of OCD. In this model, compulsive lever‐pressing is induced by the attenuation of an external signal of reward delivery; an attenuation that is hypothesized to simulate the deficient response feedback suggested to underlie obsessions and compulsions in patients with OCD. Rats sustaining lesions to the STN showed a selective increase in compulsive lever‐pressing compared with sham‐operated rats. A post mortem biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in serotonin content in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, caudate‐putamen (but not nucleus accumbens), globus pallidus and substantia nigra‐ventral tegmental area, as well as a decrease in dopamine content in the caudate‐putamen in STN‐lesioned compared with sham rats. A comparison to recent findings that lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex, which also result in a selective increase in compulsive lever‐pressing, lead to a decrease in serotonin and dopamine content in the caudate‐putamen suggests that there may be a final common pathway by which different brain pathologies may lead to a pro‐compulsive state.
The Sociology of Political Elites in France: The End of an Exception?

This article presents the position of, and debates within, French elite sociology today. The analysis stresses the reasons for the field’s weak development, and discusses current debates about politicians (politics as profession versus political savoir-faire) and about the relationship between elites and the state (their role as custodians of the state). The author underlines the dilemmas stemming from these debates, points out the three directions (the comparative approach, the historical approach, and the policy-making approach) that French neoelitism has taken, and suggests the need for a cognitive framework permitting the study of elite action within the decision-making process in order to improve empirical observation of how new power elites are formed.
Grammatical aspect, gesture, and conceptualization: Using co-speech gesture to reveal event representations

Grammatical aspect is a pervasive linguistic device that, according to linguistic analyses, allows speakers to encode different ways of construing events. For instance, the progressive (I was writing a book) is thought to reflect increased focus on the internal details of an event, as contrasted with the perfect (I had written a book). However, experimental evidence that speakers describing events using progressive versus non-progressive aspect are in fact thinking about the same events differently is lacking. We used co-speech gesture as a means to inves - tigate what speakers' event representations are like when they produce progres - sive versus non-progressive utterances. We found that progressive event descrip- tions were accompanied by longer-lasting and more complex gestures, but only when participants described events originally presented to them in the progres- sive. This evidence suggests that people are actually construing events differently when they use different grammatical aspects, but that the aspect originally used to encode the events plays a role as well.
Hesperetin Glucuronide, a Photoprotective Agent Arising from Flavonoid Metabolism in Human Skin Fibroblasts¶

Abstract There is considerable interest in the biological properties of flavonoids in terms of their antioxidant and cytoprotective actions. The interaction of the flavanone hesperetin with human skin fibroblasts (FEK4) has revealed the potential for metabolism to hesperetin glucuronide and its subsequent extrusion. As a consequence of this observation, the effectiveness of hesperetin glucuronides, in comparison with that of the aglycone form, in protecting against UV-A radiation has been investigated. The results indicate that hesperetin glucuronides, but not hesperetin, protect against UV-A-induced necrotic cell death.
Mn Valency at La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 (0 0 1) Thin Film Interfaces

Abstract This article presents a (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of Mn valency and its structural origin at La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3/SrTiO3(0 0 1) thin film interfaces. Mn valency deviations can lead to a breakdown of ferromagnetic order and thus lower the tunneling magnetoresistance of tunnel junctions. Here, at the interface, a Mn valency reduction of 0.16 ± 0.10 compared to the film interior and an additional feature at the low energy-loss flank of the Mn-L3 line have been observed. The latter may be attributed to an elongation of the (0 0 1) plane spacing at the interface detected by geometrical phase analysis of high-resolution images. Regarding the interface geometry, high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM images reveal an atomically sharp interface in some regions whereas the transition appears broadened in others. This can be explained by the presence of steps. The performed measurements indicate that, among the various structure-related influences on the valency, the atomic layer termination and the local oxygen content are most important.
Psychological morbidity in unexplained infertility

Abstract The emotional demands of being diagnosed as infertile can vary enormously between individuals. Can psychological distress lead to fertility problems? The response to a diagnosis of infertility may be an important factor for overall fertility and conception rates as well as having financial implications for the management of this common problem. Factors associated with invasive investigation and physical treatments are considered. Possible psychological interventions are reviewed.
Influence of the Schedule of Outcome Presentation on Causality Judgements

Experiments examined the effect of various relationships between a response (pressing the space bar of a computer) and an outcome (a triangle flashing on a screen) on judgements of the causal effectiveness of the response. As the mean number of responses required per outcome on a variable-ratio (VR) schedule (Experiment 1) or the mean temporal interval on a variableinterval (VI) schedule (Experiment 2) increased, ratings of causal effectiveness of that response decreased. In Experiment 3, yoking procedures matched either the number of responses required per outcome or the temporal distributions of outcomes on a VI and a VR schedule, and responses on the VI schedule were rated more causally effective. In Experiment 4, the overall feedback function on a tandem VI VR and a tandem VR VI schedule was matched, and responses performed on the tandem VR VI schedule were rated as more causally effective.
‘Me, my classmates and my buddies’: analysing peer group effects on student marijuana consumption

The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of peer behaviour on student marijuana consumption. Our hypothesis is that, in contrast to the traditional measures of peer group effects carried out at class or school level, the use of a closer peer group, which we relate to the group of friends, is more relevant in the explanation of marijuana consumption. On the basis of the data provided by the 2004 Spanish Survey on Drug Use in the School Population, we estimate a probit model in which two alternative peer variables are introduced. The results show that, once the effect of the closer peer group is controlled for, the effect of classmates’ behaviour on the student is insignificant. Moreover, the closer peer group effects are asymmetric in their magnitude.
Re-examining the content validation of a grammar test: The (im)possibility of distinguishing vocabulary and structural knowledge

“Vocabulary and structural knowledge” (Grabe, 1991, p. 379) appears to be a key component of reading ability. However, is this component to be taken as a unitary one or is structural knowledge a separate factor that can therefore also be tested in isolation in, say, a test of syntax? If syntax can be singled out (e.g. in order to investigate its contribution to reading ability), this test of syntactic knowledge would require validation. The usefulness and reliability of using expert judgments as a means of analysing the content or difficulty of test items in language assessment has been questioned for more than two decades. Still, groups of expert judges are often called upon as they are perceived to be the only or at least a very convenient way of establishing key features of items. Such judgments, however, are particularly opaque and thus problematic when judges are required to make categorizations where categories are only vaguely defined or are ontologically questionable in themselves. This is, for example, the case when judges are asked to classify the content of test items based on a distinction between lexis and syntax, a dichotomy corpus linguistics has suggested cannot be maintained. The present paper scrutinizes a study by Shiotsu (2010) that employed expert judgments, on the basis of which claims were made about the relative significance of the components ‘syntactic knowledge’ and ‘vocabulary knowledge’ in reading in a second language. By both replicating and partially replicating Shiotsu’s (2010) content analysis study, the paper problematizes not only the issue of the use of expert judgments, but, more importantly, their usefulness in distinguishing between construct components that might, in fact, be difficult to distinguish anyway. This is particularly important for an understanding and diagnosis of learners’ strengths and weaknesses in reading in a second language.
Effect of variation of portal venous blood flow on radiofrequency and microwave ablations in a blood-perfused bovine liver model.

PURPOSE To assess whether there is a significant difference in the effect of incremental changes of portal venous blood flow rates on the size of radiofrequency (RF) versus microwave (MW) ablation lesions in an ex vivo blood-perfused bovine liver model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was exempt from approval by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Sixty ablations (30 MW and 30 RF ablations) were performed ex vivo in 15 bovine livers perfused with autologous blood via the portal vein at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mL/min per 100 g of liver tissue (three livers were used for each flow rate). Long-axis diameter (LAD), short-axis diameter (SAD), and volume were measured for each ablation lesion. A general linear mixed model was used to examine the effect of location, ablation device, and flow rate on LAD, SAD, and volume. Results were considered to indicate a significant difference at P less than . 05. RESULTS Location was not a significant predictor of LAD, SAD, or volume (P ≥ .4). The slope of the relationship between flow rate and LAD, SAD, and volume was significantly different according to ablation device (P < .0001). For RF ablation lesions, the mean LAD, SAD, and volume demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with flow rate, while the measurements for MW ablation did not change with variation in flow rates. CONCLUSION The size of RF ablation lesions is highly variable, with a significant inverse relationship to the rate of portal venous blood flow. Conversely, the size of MW ablation lesions is unaffected by changes in portal venous blood flow. The consistency of the size of MW ablation lesions could translate into a higher local tumor eradication rate than that reported with RF ablation.
Trait conscientiousness, leader-member exchange, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour: A test of an integrative model

Competing theoretical models were tested, linking organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to trait conscientiousness, job satisfaction and leader-member-exchange (LMX) quality. Meta-analytic structural equation modelling results provide strongest support for a model wherein more conscientious employees display more OCB, which enhances LMX quality, leading to greater job satisfaction. In-turn, employees reciprocate their higher job satisfaction by demonstrating more OCB. Beyond supporting the view that OCB represents employee reciprocation for the satisfying job experiences typically stemming from higher-quality LMX, our findings help to legitimize the notion that OCB may be used, particularly by more conscientious employees, as a means of nurturing higher-quality LMX and to gain access to more satisfying job experiences.
Generating machine specific optimizing compilers

Most portable compilers ignore the target architecture for optimization phases, deferring the introduction of machine specific information to a final code generation pass. Optimization phases in these compilers must make arbitrary assumptions about which techniques will produce faster code. In contrast, most vendor compilers utilize aspects of the machine architecture at all phases of the back end and as a result have sustained a track record of generating better code. Because of the extensive use of machine knowledge throughout all back end phases of a vendor compiler, these compilers have proved difficult to port. As architecture lifetimes have shortened and the number of architecture variants have increased, developing such optimizing compi Iers has become prohibitive y expensive. In this paper, we show how these costs can be amortized across a number of architectures with a framework for abstracting the machine information from a vendor compiler. We also discuss the tools we are building to tailor the abstract compiler to an architecture specified by a comprehensive machine description. In the TOAST (Tailored Optimization And Semantic Translation) abstract compiler, all references to target architecture specific information are made indirectly through information derived from a machine description. A TOAST machine description contains the physical resources available, a timing model, and the semantics of each instruction expressed as a small set of primitives. The abstract compiler has no knowledge of the kinds of the instructions available on the architecture or the relative performance of these instructions. In some cases, the information needed by the abstract compiler is easily derivable from the machine description. In other cases, analysis of the semantics of the instructions is required. The tools to perform this analysis are the novel aspect of the TOAST system and are the primary focus of this paper. We use the following terminology throughout:
The Voyager Universal Literacy System: Results From a Study of Kindergarten Students in Inner-City Schools

The evaluation of the Voyager Universal Literacy System® was designed to provide a rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of the program with beginning readers. Using a quasi-experimental design, researchers conducted a systematic evaluation of changes in 398 kindergarten students' command of early reading skills in 4 Voyager and 4 comparison schools in 2 inner-city districts in 8 months from 2002 and 2003. The study provides strong evidence of the efficacy of the Voyager program. Overall and for 3 out of the 4 pairs of schools examined, a large and significant difference was found in favor of the Voyager students. Effect sizes of the program ranged from 0.23 to 1.32 in 7 test instruments. In addition, the average scores of Voyager students at the end of kindergarten were largely around the national average, whereas those of comparison students remained below the national average. Using analysis of covariance models, the study found that the Voyager program has statistically significant positive impacts on student achievement in 6 out of 7 assessments. It also shows that the greater the fidelity of the implemented program to the Voyager plan, the larger the gains in literacy scores.