Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thread Row Buffers: Improving Memory Performance Isolation and Throughput in Multiprogrammed Environments

The widespread adoption of chip multiprocessors in recent years has increased the number of applications simultaneously accessing DRAM memories. Therefore, memory access patterns have also changed and this has reduced row buffer locality significantly, degrading performance and energy efficiency. Furthermore, concurrent execution of applications also has shown the need of performance isolation among threads in the memory controller to enforce a quality of service in virtualized environments. Existing DRAM memories, however, enforce a tradeoff between throughput and isolation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes the addition of Thread Row Buffers (TRBs) to DRAM memories. TRBs keep an active row per thread, thereby increasing DRAM efficiency by avoiding alternate accesses to a limited number of rows and allowing the implementation of a memory scheduler not bound to the throughput-isolation tradeoff. Thread Row Buffers with Service Partitioning (TRB-SP) increase the row hit-rate by 38 percent with respect to FR-FCFS and by 11 percent with respect to Cache DRAM. This, in turn, increases overall performance by 17 and 7 percent, respectively. TRB-SP is also able to reduce the standard deviation of the memory access time of an application by 40 percent over FR-FCFS, 31 percent over PAR-BS, and 42 percent over Cache DRAM.
High Interleukin-6 Level Increases Depression Risk on Geriatric Population in Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia

Background: High interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum level was responsible in inflammatory regulation through the interaction within macrophage, glial melatonin production and regulation of methyl CpG- binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and influenced neuro-inflammation process, thus, it increased the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether high interleukin-6 serum level increased the risk of depression in geriatrics. Methods: A case control was performed as the design of this study. Geriatric populations with depression enrolled as the case group and without depression as control group. Assessment of IL-6 serum level was conducted by the patient’s venous blood. The IL-6 serum> 10 pg/ml was categorized as high. Results: In this study, 30 cases and 30 controls who met the criteria included as samples. There were 20 males (66.7%) and 10 females (33.3%). Factors associated with an increased risk of depression in geriatric were a high level of serum interleukin-6 (OR=3.60; CI95%: 1.22-10.64, p=0.018) and a marital status (OR=3.50; CI95%: 1.11- 1.02, p=0.028). High level of interleukin-6 was a significant and an independent risk factor of depression in geriatric (OR=3.60; CI95%: 1.22-10.64, p=0.021) in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This study concluded that high IL- 6 serum level increased the risk of depression in geriatric.
Combination treatment of PD98059 and DAPT in gastric cancer through induction of apoptosis and downregulation of WNT/β-catenin

γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), the indirect inhibitors of Notch, are emerging as a new class of anticancer agents for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies, but little is known about their effects on gastric cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that DAPT, a potent GSI, was effective to inhibit γ-secretase activity in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines that contained a fragment with approximately the size of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), but was limited in their ability to induce apoptosis. However, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 upon DAPT treatment was detected. Selective inhibition of ERK1/2 activation dramatically sensitized GC cells to apoptosis via downregulating β-catenin signaling in these GC cells. Notably, in a xenograft mouse tumor model, combination therapy using ERK inhibitor PD98059 plus DAPT yielded additive antitumor effects as compared with either agent alone. Taken together, these data demonstrated that γ-secretase inhibition combined with ERK1/2 inhibitor enhances cell death in GC cells partly through downregulation of WNT/β-catenin pathways.
Natural Bizbenzoquinoline Derivatives Protect Zebrafish Lateral Line Sensory Hair Cells from Aminoglycoside Toxicity

Moderate to severe hearing loss affects 360 million people worldwide and most often results from damage to sensory hair cells. Hair cell damage can result from aging, genetic mutations, excess noise exposure, and certain medications including aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aminoglycosides are effective at treating infections associated with cystic fibrosis and other life-threatening conditions such as sepsis, but cause hearing loss in 20–30% of patients. It is therefore imperative to develop new therapies to combat hearing loss and allow safe use of these potent antibiotics. We approach this drug discovery question using the larval zebrafish lateral line because zebrafish hair cells are structurally and functionally similar to mammalian inner ear hair cells and respond similarly to toxins. We screened a library of 502 natural compounds in order to identify novel hair cell protectants. Our screen identified four bisbenzylisoquinoline derivatives: berbamine, E6 berbamine, hernandezine, and isotetrandrine, each of which robustly protected hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage. Using fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiology, we demonstrated that the natural compounds confer protection by reducing antibiotic uptake into hair cells and showed that hair cells remain functional during and after incubation in E6 berbamine. We also determined that these natural compounds do not reduce antibiotic efficacy. Together, these natural compounds represent a novel source of possible otoprotective drugs that may offer therapeutic options for patients receiving aminoglycoside treatment.
Low Levels of 1.25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D is associated with All-cause Mortality in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients

It has been suggested that vitamin D contributes not only to bone mineral metabolism but also to important other physiological processes. Vitamin D levels have been associated with increased mortality in predialysis and incident HD patients, but no data is available on the association between vitamin D levels and survival in prevalant hemodialysis (HD) patients. Five hundred and forty five prevalent hemodialysis patients were recruited. Time averaged laboratory values throughout the two years and base line serum 25-OH vitamin D and 1.25-OH vitamin D levels were determined. All-cause mortality was prospectively evaluated after 2-year follow-up period. 25OH vitamin D levels were significantly lower in females and in patients with diabetes. 1.25-OH2 vitamin D level was significantly lower in diabetics. After two years of follow-up period, in crude analysis low serum 25-OH and 1.25 OH2 vitamin D levels were associated with all cause mortality. In adjusted Cox-regression analysis, 1.25-OH2 vitamin D level, but not 25-OH, was found as an independent predictor for all-cause mortality. Low 1.25-OH2 vitamin D level was also found as an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in non-diabetic study group even after inclusion of time averaged vitamin Dtherapy dosage. Serum 1.25-OH vitamin D level is associated with all cause mortality in prevalant hemodialysis patients. KEY WoRDs: Vitamin D, Mortality, Hemodialysis
Regulation of Blood Coagulation by the Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway: Novel Insights Into Structure–Function Relationships and Molecular Recognition

The protein C system provides important control of blood coagulation by regulating the activities of factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) and factor Va (FVa), cofactors in the activation of factor X and prothrombin, respectively. The system comprises membrane-bound and circulating proteins that assemble into multi-molecular complexes on cell surfaces. Vitamin K–dependent protein C, the key component of the system, circulates in blood as zymogen to an anticoagulant serine protease. It is efficiently activated on the surface of endothelial cells by thrombin bound to the membrane protein thrombomodulin. The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) further stimulates the protein C activation. Activated protein C (APC) together with its cofactor protein S inhibits coagulation by degrading FVIIIa and FVa on the surface of negatively charged phospholipid membranes. Efficient FVIIIa degradation by APC requires not only protein S but also intact FV, which like thrombin is a Janus-faced protein with both procoagulant and anticoagulant potential. In addition to its anticoagulant properties, APC has antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic functions, which are exerted when APC binds to EPCR and proteolytic cleaves protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). The protein C system is physiologically important, and genetic defects affecting the system are the most common risk factors of venous thrombosis. The proteins of the protein C system are composed of multiple domains and the 3-dimensional structures of several of the proteins are known. The molecular recognition of the protein C system is progressively being unraveled, giving us new insights into this fascinating and intricate molecular scenario at the atomic level.
Cognitive Performance in Older Women Relative to ApoE-e4 Genotype and Aerobic Fitness

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and aerobic fitness are each associated with cognitive performance in older adults. However, their potentially interactive effects on cognitive performance have not been examined. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether ApoE genotype and aerobic fitness interact to uniquely impact memory performance and executive functioning. A secondary purpose was to examine the interactive effects on other measures of cognition to provide a more comprehensive assessment of cognitive abilities across a broad range of functions. Methods: Community-dwelling, cognitively normal older women (N = 90) provided blood samples to allow for assessment of ApoE genotype, completed cognitive tests, and performed a maximal aerobic fitness test. Primary outcome variables were the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), the complex figures test (CFT), and the Wisconsin card-sorting task (WCST). Secondary outcome variables were the block design test and the paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT). Results: Regression analyses indicated that aerobic fitness was associated with significantly better performance on measures of the AVLT, the CFT, and the PASAT for the ApoE-e4 homozygotes. Conclusion: The preliminary findings from this study support the possibility that aerobic fitness is positively associated with the memory performance of those individuals at most genetic risk for Alzheimer disease.
Osteoclast distribution within the rat interdental septum coincident to experimental tooth movement using light forces

There is little quantitative information concerning the number and distribution of bone‐matrix resorbing osteoclasts (BMRO) within the adjacent alveolar bone coincident to tooth movement. We moved the right first maxillary molar tooth anteriorly in 40 female rats (E), the left side was untreated, serving as an internal control (IC). Forty female age and weight matched rats were untreated, serving as external controls (EC). BMRO were identified on periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the interdental septum from 1–5 days after initial force application using the MTB‐322 antibody. The number of BMRO at periosteal surfaces of E was greater in IC and EC from 2–5 days (P < 0.001). Similarly, the number of BMRO at endosteal surfaces was greater from 1–5 days (P < 0.001). The number of BMRO at periosteal and endosteal surfaces was greater within E than within EC from 1–5 days (P < 0.001). Outcome data from IC were often significantly different from EC. Our data suggest that relatively low forces increase the number of BMRO, which are not uniformly distributed onto both periosteal and endosteal surfaces. Thus, the interdental septum resorbs at the alveolar wall and within spaces between the trabeculae, which, taken together, results in net removal of bone from areas of compression. These data also suggest that experimental tooth movement produces significant differences in the number and distribution of BMRO within IC and EC. Thus, EC groups should be included in studies of tooth movement. Anat Rec, 290:74–82, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Searching for Mr. Hyde: A five-factor approach to characterizing “types of drunks”

Abstract Some individuals “change” more dramatically than others when intoxicated, and the nature and magnitude of these changes can result in harmful outcomes. This study utilized reports (N = 374) of participants’ “typical” five-factor model (FFM) characteristics across sober and intoxicated states and assessed the degree to which these reports could be grouped into meaningful clusters, as well as the association of cluster membership with negative alcohol-related consequences. Results from finite mixture model clustering revealed a four cluster solution. Cluster 1, “Hemingway,” was the largest and defined by intoxication-related decreases in Conscientiousness and Intellect that were below average; Cluster 2, “Mary Poppins,” was defined by being high in Agreeableness when sober, decreasing less than average in Conscientiousness and Intellect and increasing more than average in Extraversion when drunk; Cluster 3, “Mr. Hyde,” reported larger drunk decreases in Conscientiousness and Intellect and smaller increases in Extraversion; Cluster 4, “The Nutty Professor,” was defined by being low in Extraversion when sober, increasing more than average in Extraversion and decreasing less than average in Conscientiousness when drunk. Cluster membership was associated with experiencing more alcohol consequences. These results support use of the FFM to characterize clinically meaningful subgroups of sober-to-drunk differences in trait expression.
Fixed partial prostheses supported by 2 or 3 implants: a retrospective study up to 18 years.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the long-term performance of fixed partial prostheses supported by 2 or 3 implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients treated with fixed partial prostheses supported by either 2 or 3 implants during the period 1985 to 1998 were included in this retrospective report. Annual clinical follow-up examinations were performed, with special attention to stability of the prostheses and peri-implant and occlusal conditions. Radiographic examination was performed when the prostheses were delivered (year 0) and subsequently at 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year examinations. RESULTS A total of 178 patients had received fixed partial prostheses (FPPs) during this period of whom 123 (77 women and 46 men) were available for follow-up (mean age = 65 years, range 32-91). These 123 patients received a total of 146 implant-supported FPPs (63 two-implant- and 83 three-implant-supported) supported by 375 implants. The mean observation periods for the 2- and 3-implant-supported restorations were 9.6 years and 9.4 years (range, 5 to 18 years), respectively. Survival rates for the 2- and 3-implant-supported prostheses were 96.8% and 97.6%, respectively. The implant survival rate after loading was 98.4% for both groups. The mean bone loss at the 5-year follow-up was 0.3 mm for the 2 groups. No significant differences in bone loss (P > .05), implant failure rate (P > .05), or incidence of mechanical complications (P > .05) were found between the 2 prosthesis designs. The complications differed, significantly, with more loose gold and abutment screws in the 2-implant-supported group (P < .05) and more porcelain fractures in the 3-implant-supported group (P < .05). CONCLUSION The 2-implant-supported partial prostheses exhibited long-term clinical performance comparable to prostheses supported by 3 implants.
Particle Deposition Behavior from Coal-Derived Syngas in Gas Turbines at Modern Turbine Inlet Temperatures

Particle Deposition Behavior from Coal-Derived Syngas in Gas Turbines at Modern Turbine Inlet Temperatures Robert Laycock Department of Chemical Engineering, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Certain types of fuel used for combustion in land-based gas turbines can contain traces of ash when introduced into a gas turbine. Examples include synfuel, from the gasification of coal, and heavy fuel oil. When these ash particles travel through the hot gas path of the gas turbine they can deposit on turbine vanes and blades. As deposits grow, they can reduce turbine efficiency and damage turbine hardware. As turbine inlet temperatures increase, ash deposition rates increase as well. Experiments were conducted in the Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF) at Brigham Young University to better understand ash deposition behavior at modern turbine inlet temperatures. Experiments were conducted that varied deposition duration, gas temperature, surface temperature, ash type and characteristics, and film-cooling blowing ratio. Analysis included measuring and calculating the capture efficiency, deposit surface roughness, deposit density, and deposit surface temperature. Test results indicate that capture efficiency increases with time and as the gas temperature increases. Previous studies have shown that the capture efficiency increases with increasing surface temperature as well, but the results from this study show that at a gas temperature of 1400°C, the capture efficiency of the ash used in these tests initially increased but then began to decrease with increasing surface temperature. It was also shown that different ashes, with differing ash chemistries and densities, deposit at very different rates and produce different surface structures. The film-cooling tests showed that film cooling does reduce the capture efficiency at modern turbine temperatures, but has a smaller relative effect than at lower temperatures. Tests performed with heavy fuel oil ash and increased SO2 levels (similar to those found in heavy fuel oil combustion environments) indicate that the increased sulfur levels result in the formation of more sulfur compounds in the deposit and change which elements are dissolved by water, but has little effect on the amount of deposit that dissolves. CFD simulations were performed to model the fluid dynamics and particle trajectories in the TADF. The resulting particle impact data (particle impact velocity, temperature, diameter, etc.) were used in sticking models to evaluate the models’ performance at high temperatures. Results indicate that while the models can be fit fairly well to specific data, they need to be able to better account for changing surface conditions and high temperature particle behavior to accurately model deposition at high temperatures.
Sperm nuclear basic proteins of two closely related species of Scorpaeniform fish (Sebastes maliger, Sebastolobus sp.) with different sexual reproduction and the evolution of fish protamines.

In this paper, we present a review of sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) in teleost fish. The distribution of the three basic groups of SNBPs [histone (H)-type, protamine-like (PL)-type and protamine (P)-type], their evolution and possible relation to the mode of fertilization are described. In this regard, we have characterized the SNBPs from two closely related species of Scorpaeniform fish: internally fertilizing Sebastes maliger and externally fertilizing Sebastolobus sp. , both in the family Scorpaenidae. Despite the different reproductive behavior of these two closely related rockfish species, in both instances the SNBP consists of protamines. However, there is a significant increase in the arginine content of the protamine in the internally fertilizing rockfish. The relevance of this observation is discussed within the context of the P-type SNBP in teleosts. The rapid evolution of teleost protamines, including those in rockfish, has also allowed us to obtain a molecular phylogeny for this group of bony fish that is almost indistinguishable from that currently available from the use of conventional anatomical/paleontological markers.
Stroke in the Young: Patent Foramen Ovale and Pregnancy.

A 27-year-old right-handed woman who was 2 weeks postpartum awoke with left-sided weakness and dysarthria. In the emergency room, her National Institutes of Health stroke scale was 4 with points received for a left-sided hemiparesis. Computed tomography of the brain was negative for hemorrhage and she was given aspirin 325 mg. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ischemic stroke in the centrum semiovale. Magnetic resonance angiography of the head and neck showed no intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with right to left shunt (Figure). Echocardiography was otherwise unremarkable. She had a low-density lipoprotein level of 153 mg/dL. A hypercoagulable workup (Factor V Leiden, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations 677C>T and 1298A>C, prothrombin factor II, antinuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigens, anticardiolipin antibody, β2-glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, protein C and S, and protein electrophoresis with immunofixation) was unremarkable. She was started on aspirin and a statin. Anticoagulation was not considered because of persistent vaginal bleeding. The mechanism of the stroke was felt to be either small vessel disease or paradoxical embolism. She was discharged home with physical therapy. Figure. Our patient’s transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrating agitated saline bubbles crossing from the left atrium to the right atrium within 5 cardiac cycles of injection ( A ) and subsequent bubbles seen in the left ventricle on next cardiac cycle ( B ). One week later she complained of pain in the left lower extremity with calf tenderness. A venous duplex ultrasound was negative for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, 2 weeks later the left calf became swollen and a repeat ultrasound showed acute DVT involving the distal femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial veins. She was admitted to the hospital and treated with intravenous heparin followed by oral warfarin. An intrauterine device was placed for birth control. She came to her follow-up appointment with questions …
Space-Time Multiplexing Codes: A Tensor Modeling Approach

In this paper, we present new space-time multiplexing codes (STMC) for multiple-antenna transmissions, which rely on a three-dimensional tensor modeling of the transmitted/received signals. The proposed codes combine spatial multiplexing and space-time coding by spreading a linear combination of different sub-streams of data over the space and time dimensions. We show the STMC induces a tensor structure on the transmitted/received signal that can be modeled using a trilinear tensor decomposition. Tensor modeling is exploited at the receiver for a blind decoding of the transmitted sub-streams based on linear processing and without any ambiguity. The proposed approach also provides full diversity while benefiting from the maximum multiplexing gain offered by the multiple antennas. Simulation results show that the tensor-based STMC offer remarkable performance with good diversity-multiplexing trade-off