Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tobacco use by sexual identity among young adults in the United States.

INTRODUCTION National surveillance data are needed for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population, a group which has been shown to have unique health needs. METHODS This study uses data from Legacy's Young Adult Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample collected in the summer of 2011 to examine patterns of tobacco use by sexual identity. RESULTS Homosexual and bisexual past 30-day cigarette use (35% and 27%, respectively) was higher than heterosexual past 30-day cigarette use (18%; p = .004). The prevalence of any current tobacco use among heterosexuals was 22% compared with 35% in homosexuals and 31% in bisexuals (p = .04). Prevalence of dual use was 30% among heterosexuals, 43% among homosexuals, and 35% among bisexuals. High school education (OR = 4.27), current alcohol use (OR = 12.64), and current other drug use (OR = 9.67) were significant predictors of current cigarette use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual respondents. Strong predictors of other tobacco product use were Black race (OR = 6.95), current alcohol use (OR = 11.70), and current other drug use (OR = 7.42). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimates for tobacco use were higher among young adults who self-identify as sexual minorities compared with those who identify as heterosexuals. Tobacco use is strongly associated with alcohol and other drug use in this population. This study highlights the significant disparities in tobacco use behaviors among sexual minority populations and the critical need to conduct surveillance among these groups.
Interjections, language, and the ‘showing/saying’ continuum

Historically, interjections have been treated in two different ways: as part of language, or as non-words signifying feelings or states of mind. In this paper, I assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of two contemporary approaches that reflect the historical dichotomy, and suggest a new analysis which preserves the insights of both. Interjections have a natural and a coded element, and are better analysed as falling at various points along a continuum between ? showing? and ? saying? These two notions are characterised in theoretical terms, and some implications of the proposed approach are considered.
Development and field testing of action-based psychosocial reconciliation approach in post-genocide Rwanda

The 1994 Rwandan genocide and subsequent 2003 government release of genocide prisoners (perpetrators) created a situation where returning prisoners now live side-byside with survivors in rural villages of Rwanda. While political and economical efforts have been made to facilitate unity and reconciliation, interpersonal reconciliation support is critically scarce in present-day Rwanda. The purpose of this research is to develop and conduct field-testing of a new action-based psychosocial reconciliation approach (ABPRA). The ABPRA is conceptually and empirically founded on Japanese Morita therapy and contact theory. The ABPRA is a practical synthesis of Moritian therapeutic principles and contact conditions empirically supported to facilitate positive attitude change aimed at fostering an interpersonal reconciliation process between the survivors and ex-prisoners. Four reconciliation dyads consisting of survivors and ex-prisoners of the 1994 Rwandan genocide living in the same village were recruited on voluntary bases to participate in two weekly hours of the ABPRA session. This lasted for eight weeks over two months in two remote villages in Rwanda. A post-session, semi-structured interview method was combined with the interpersonal process recall method to explore participant experiences. Thematic content analysis (Krippendorff, 2014) of data revealed five beneficial properties of the ABPRA: (a) healing, (b) attitude change, (c) reconciliation, (d) relationship building, and (e) psychosocial development. Despite its limitations, current evidence not only supported two theoretical foundations of the ABPRA but also generated descriptive information to enhance them. Implications and applications to counselling psychology, ecology and medium of healing and change, conflict mediation and resolution, war prevention, and peace building will be discussed.
Selective context-sensitivity guided by impact pre-analysis

We present a method for selectively applying context-sensitivity during interprocedural program analysis. Our method applies context-sensitivity only when and where doing so is likely to improve the precision that matters for resolving given queries. The idea is to use a pre-analysis to estimate the impact of context-sensitivity on the main analysis's precision, and to use this information to find out when and where the main analysis should turn on or off its context-sensitivity. We formalize this approach and prove that the analysis always benefits from the pre-analysis-guided context-sensitivity. We implemented this selective method for an existing industrial-strength interval analyzer for full C. The method reduced the number of (false) alarms by 24.4%, while increasing the analysis cost by 27.8% on average. The use of the selective method is not limited to context-sensitivity. We demonstrate this generality by following the same principle and developing a selective relational analysis.
PENNON: A code for convex nonlinear and semidefinite programming

We introduce a computer program PENNON for the solution of problems of convex Nonlinear and Semidefinite Programming (NLP-SDP). The algorithm used in PENNON is a generalized version of the Augmented Lagrangian method, originally introduced by Ben-Tal and Zibulevsky for convex NLP problems. We present generalization of this algorithm to convex NLP-SDP problems, as implemented in PENNON and details of its implementation. The code can also solve second-order conic programming (SOCP) problems, as well as problems with a mixture of SDP, SOCP and NLP constraints. Results of extensive numerical tests and comparison with other optimization codes are presented. The test examples show that PENNON is particularly suitable for large sparse problems.
Growth of regenerating goldfish axons is inhibited by rat oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin but not but not by goldfish optic nerve tract oligodendrocytelike cells and fish CNS myelin

Encounters of regenerating goldfish retinal axons with oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin of mammals and fish were monitored in in vitro assays. Upon contact with highly branched rat oligodendrocytes, goldfish axons collapsed or grew around but never crossed these cells. However, in the presence of the antibody IN-1 against the oligodendrocyte-associated growth-inhibitory proteins, axons did grow over highly branched oligodencrocytes. In contrast to the mammalian oligodendrocytes, goldfish optic nerve/tract-derived oligodendrocytelike cells allowed the growth of axons across their surface and even along their processes. The fish growth cones avoided entering the region of rat CNS myelin applied to polylysine/laminin-coated coverslips or failed to elongate on this substrate. They were, however, able to pass over CNS myelin of fish. When exposed to rat CNS myelin as the sole substrate, axonal outgrowth from fish retinal explants was inhibited almost entirely. However, outgrowth on fish CNS myelin was substantial, but many more axons extended on fish or rat brain membranes that were depleted of myelin. Thus, goldfish retinal axons are sensitive to the axon-growth-inhibiting cell-surface molecules of mammalian oligodendrocytes as well as CNS myelin. Fish optic nerve oligodendrocytelike cells and fish CNS myelin lack these inhibitory properties and are growth permissive. These in vitro experiments suggest that the success of axonal regeneration in the fish optic nerve is causally related to the presence of growth-permissive properties and to the absence of growth inhibitors on fish optic nerve/tract oligodendrocytelike cells.
Coral reef fishes exploit flow refuges in high-flow habitats

Behaviour can offset the limitations of the morphology and physiology of a species to profoundly influence patterns of resource use. In fishes, flow refuging is a behavioural mechanism that may facilitate the occupation of turbulent, high-flow habitats by reducing extreme environmental demands on their swimming capabilities. Using a novel combination of experimental and field techniques, we examined the refuging patterns of coral reef fishes to demonstrate the potential energetic advantages of flow refuging on coral reefs. Field evaluations of 3 common reef flat species (Halichoeres margaritaceus, Pomacentrus chrysurus and Chrysiptera brownriggi) revealed clear species-specific refuge selectively towards substratum holes and coral heads, with all species using these 2 refuge types in a manner that provided significant shelter from ambient flow. Indeed, at experimental flow speeds similar to those in the field (10 to 90 cm s–1), measurements taken in and around replicas of these refuges identified flow reductions of 60 to 100% depending on ambient flow speed, type and size of the refuge. In addition, the degree of refuging displayed by these reef fishes appeared to be strongly linked with swimming ability, with smaller individuals and slower-swimming species refuging more frequently than individuals with stronger swimming abilities (i.e. refuging frequency in P. chrysurus > C. brownriggi > H. margaritaceus). Ultimately, it appears that refuging is not just a predator-avoidance mechanism, but also enhances the ability of coral reef fishes to sustain themselves in high-flow environments, which may underpin their occupation of otherwise inhospitable wave-swept habitats.
The Roles of School-Based Law Enforcement Officers and How These Roles Are Established

Recently, considerable attention has been directed to violence and misbehavior in U.S. schools. In turn, schools have looked for solutions to address such concerns, one of which is the use of law enforcement officers. The aim of this research is to explore how law enforcement officers define their actual roles, as well as their perceived roles in an educational setting. Also, this study examines the process for establishing these roles within the school environment. A total of 26 law enforcement officers were contacted by phone and participated in an in-depth interview. Each interview was transcribed into NVivo, and subsequently coded to identify general themes and common phrases. The findings suggest that officers working in the school environment are taking on many roles, some of which they do not consider appropriate. In addition, who establishes these roles varies considerably. The findings are discussed in terms of their deviation from prior literature as well as needed future research endeavors.
Specific targeting of cancer cells by multifunctional mitoxantrone-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract We report on the synthesis of bifunctional mitoxantrone (MTX)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified by dopamine-polyethylene glycol-folic acid (DPA-PEG-FA) for targeted imaging and therapy of cancer. MNPs (∼7–10 nm) were synthesized using the thermal decomposition reaction of Fe(acac)3. Bromoacetyl (BrAc) terminal polyethylene glycol dopamine (DPA-PEG-BrAc) was synthesized and treated with ethylene diamine to form bifunctional PEG moiety containing dopamine at one end and amino group at the other end (i.e. DPA-PEG-NH2). It was then reacted with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to form Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-NH2 NPs. The activated folic acid (FA) was chemically coupled to Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-NH2, forming Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA. MTX was then conjugated to Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA, forming Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA-MTX. Physicochemical characteristics of the engineered MNPs were determined. The particle size analysis and electron microscopy showed an average size of ∼35 nm for Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA-MTX NPs with superparamagnetic behavior. FT-IR spectrophotometry analysis confirmed the conjugation of FA and MTX onto the MNPs. Fluorescence microscopy, cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA-MTX NPs were able to specifically bind to and significantly inhibit the folate receptor (FR)-positive MCF-7 cells, but not the FR-negative A549 cells. Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-FA-MTX NPs as an effective multifunctional-targeted nanomedicine toward simultaneous imaging and therapy of FR-positive cancers.
‘You want us to teach outdoor education where?’ Reflections on teaching outdoor education online

ABSTRACT This article reports on the experiences of two lecturers working at the University of Tasmania required to teach outdoor and sustainability education (O&SE) courses online. Using an (auto)ethonographic case-study approach, the lecturers were interviewed with a view to exploring their perceptions, challenges, ethical dilemmas, tensions, opportunities and experiences in this space. A number of themes emerged, including commitment to quality teaching and learning, the role of experience, and experiential learning, in the online space, the challenge of fostering a connection to place, difficulties faced when trying to develop a learning community, and the role of professional learning and support in terms of pedagogy and technology in the online space. These themes, and their implications for teaching and learning in higher education both generally, and specifically in O&SE, are discussed in light of what is a mounting body of literature exploring the move to online delivery in higher education.
Qi-ferry: Energy-constrained wireless charging in wireless sensor networks

Using the technology of wireless energy transfer, the paper proposes Qi-ferry which physically carries energy, roves a wireless sensor network, and wirelessly charges sensor nodes to extend their lifetime. To optimize the usage of the entire energy reserve on a Qi-ferry, both the movement of the Qi-ferry itself and its wireless charging of sensor nodes share the same pool of battery energy reserve, resulting in a tradeoff between how many sensors the Qi-ferry could charge and how far it could travel. The paper formulates an energy-constrained Qi-ferry wireless charging problem in wireless sensor networks, which maximizes the number of sensors wirelessly charged by a Qi-ferry subject to an energy constraint limiting the total energy consumed by the Qi-ferry for both moving and charging. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, the paper proposes heuristic solutions based on the meta-heuristics of Particle Swarm Optimization. Evaluation results validate the effectiveness of the solutions.
Handbook of Intellectual Styles: Preferences in Cognition, Learning, and Thinking

“For more than half a century, the construct of style—whether designated as cognitive, thinking or learning— has been in or out of fashion in the history of psychology and education. The editors of the present Handbook have invigorated the style construct in the form of intellectual styles, and have brought together a distinguished international panel of chapter authors who offer up-to-date surveys of the assessment, development, correlates, and educational and organizational applications of intellectual styles. For those seeking to familiarize themselves with current theory and research in an intellectually exciting field, the present Handbook is essential. ” — Nathan Kogan, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research, New York, NY
Bilingualism and the pronunciation of Latvian intonations

ABSTRACT For 50 years after World War II, Latvia was incorporated into the former Soviet Union. Although in theory the use of regional languages was not discouraged, in practice knowledge of Russian was obligatory. Since restoration of the country’s independence in 1991, Latvian has again become the official language, and knowledge of Russian is widespread but optional. These political events have created a natural experiment in the possible effects of almost universal bilingualism on a language. In this study, we examine the phonetic characteristics of the Latvian syllable intonations across generations. Native speakers of Latvian, ranging from retirement age to teens, were recorded reading a word list, sentences, and a short narrative. We find that younger speakers who used Latvian only about half of the time showed fading in their pronunciation of the intonations.
Optimising Free Hand Selection in Large Displays by Adapting to User's Physical Movements

Advance in motion sensing technologies such as Microsoft Kinect and ASUS Xtion has enabled users to select targets on a large display through natural hand gestures. In such interaction, the users move left and right to navigate the display, and they frequently adjust body proximity against the display thus to switch between overall views and focus views. These physical movements benefit information navigation, interaction modality switch, and user interface adaptation. But in more specific context of free hand selection in large displays, the effect of physical movements is less systematically investigated. To explore the potential of physical movements in free hand selection, a physical movements-adapted technique is developed and evaluated. The results show that the new technique has significant improvements in both selection efficiency and accuracy, the more difficult selection task the more obvious improvement in accuracy. Additionally, the new technique is preferred to the baseline of pointer acceleration (PA) technique by participants.
Experimental results on the use of genetic algorithms for scaling virtualized network functions

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is bringing closer the possibility to truly migrate enterprise data centers into the cloud. However, for a Cloud Service Provider to offer such services, important questions include how and when to scale out/in resources to satisfy dynamic traffic/application demands. In previous work [1], we have proposed a platform called Network Function Center (NFC) to study research issues related to NFV and Network Functions (NFs). In a NFC, we assume NFs to be implemented on virtual machines that can be deployed in any server in the network. In this paper we present further experiments on the use of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for scaling out/in NFs when the traffic changes dynamically. We combined data from previous empirical analyses [2], [3] to generate NF chains and for getting traffic patterns of a day and run simulations of resource allocation decision making. We have implemented different fitness functions with GA and compared their performance when scaling out/in over time.
Use of fuzzy neural network to predict coronary heart disease in a Malaysian sample

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of fuzzy neural network model to predict the likelihood of coronary heart disease for individuals based on knowledge of their biomarkers, risk habits and demographic profiles. The prediction performance of fuzzy neural network models were measured in terms of percentage accuracies and compared with the prediction performance of logistic regression models. Provisionary results showed that four markers namely body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level, and age are the appropriate markers for the prediction of coronary heart disease in the sample studied. Fuzzy neural network models prediction performance were found to be superior to the logistic regression performance as well as to other results reported in related literature.
Prostitution

Abstract In the recent literature on prostitution, there has been a focus on HIV which has tended to exclude discussion of the physical and sexual violence which precedes and which is intrinsic to prostitution. The literature of two time periods (1980-84 and 1992-1996) is critically reviewed in order to describe this trend. The normalization of prostitution in the medical and social sciences literature, the tendency to blame the victim of sexual exploitation, and the ways in which racism and poverty are an inextricable part of prostitution are discussed here. The social invisibility of prostitution, needs of women escaping prostitution, and an overview of recent criminal justice responses to prostitution are summarized.
Exploring the Dimensions of Emotional Labor

This study empirically identifies the dimensions and initiates the development of a measure of emotional labor. Phase 1 of this project generated items for an exploratory questionnaire to which a broad sample of service workers responded (N = 358). Analysis revealed two dimensions of emotional labor: emotive effort, a construct never before identified in the emotional labor literature; and emotive dissonance, an acknowledged dimension that is further validated by this study. Several viable antecedent constructs of emotional labor also were identified and incorporated into an emerging model of emotional labor. In Phase 2, revised scales were administered to a second sample of service workers (N = 427) for reliability and validity purposes. Structural equation modeling also was used to establish relationships among emotional labor’s dimensions and various antecedent variables, facilitating development of a model of emotional labor.
A practical implementation of de-Pake-ing via weighted Fourier transformation

We provide an NMRPipe macro to meet an increasing need in membrane biophysics for facile de-Pake-ing of axially symmetric deuterium, and to an extent phosphorous, static lineshapes. The macro implements the development of McCabe & Wassall (1997), and is run as a simple replacement for the usual Fourier transform step in an NMRPipe processing procedure.
Deconvolution of Sparse Positive Spikes: Is It Ill-Posed?

Deconvolution is usually regarded as one of the so called ill-posed problems of applied mathematics if no constraints on the unknowns can be assumed. In this paper, we discuss the idea of well-deened statistical models being a counterpart of the notion of well-posedness. We show that constraints on the unknowns such as non-negativity and sparsity can help a great deal to get over the inherent ill-posedness in deconvolution. This is illustrated by a parametric decon-volution method based on the spike-convolution model. Not only does this knowledge, together with the choice of the measure of goodness of t, help people think about data (models), it also determines the way people compute with data (algorithms). This view is illustrated by taking a fresh look at two familiar deconvolvers: the widely-used Jansson method, and another one which is to minimize the Kullback-Leibler distance between observations and tted values. In the latter case, we point out that a counterpart of the EM algorithm exists for the problem of minimizing the Kullback-Leibler distance in the context of deconvolution. We compare the performance of these deconvolvers using data simulated from a spike-convolution model and DNA sequencing data.