Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Theory-Based Career Development Course: A Plant in the Garden.

Mlthough the seeds of career developthe lifelong, evolving process of one's ment theory were planted over 40 career choices regarding work, family, years ago (Super, 1943) and despite and life-style and has increasingly em the fact that the garden of research phasized an expanded concept of and theory was hoed over 25 years ago career. Evidence has accumulated that (Ginzberg, Ginzburg, Axelrad, & this process encompasses a series of Herma, 1951; Super, 1953), career decisions (Ginzberg, et al., 1951; development did not really begin to Tiedeman & O'Hara, 1963), devel take root and flourish until it was feropmental stages (Super, 1942, 1953; tilized by the nutrients of the career Ginzberg, et al., 1951), and devel education movement (Hoyt, Evans, opmental tasks (Havighurst, 1953; Mackin, & Mangum, 1972). Initially, Super, Starishevsky, Matlin, & Jor the problem was that of being overdaan, 1963), in which an individual shadowed by the matching model of plays a variety of roles in a number of vocational guidance (Parsons, 1909; life theatres (Super, 1975); and that Williamson, 1939). Recendy, however, these roles are interrelated (Pleck, career development theorists and 1977; Kanter, 1977; Hansen & practitioners have become increasingly Ra poza, 1978; Geiger, 1980). A major dismayed by the spread of weeds and theme of career development is that it weak hybrids in the form of career deparallels self-development. An indi velopment interventions that lack vidual's career decisions, in effect, re theoretical foundation (Hansen, 1972; fleet his or her attempts to develop and Super, 1975), comprehensive imimplement a self-concept at a given plementation (Hansen, 1979), and stage of development. Of most signifi evaluative data (Herr, 1977; Super & cance to school counselors is the fact Hall, 1978). The purpose of this study that the developmental stages and was to try to sow a healthy plant in the tasks of the high school years are form of an evaluative study of a high school career development class, one part of a kindergarten through 12th R. Kevin Mackin is counselor at the Hill grade career development program. Murray High School, St. Paul, Minnesota. L. Sunny Hansen is professor of Psychoeducational Studies and Director, Born Free Project at the I nCUnE I IvnL DAoC University of Minnesota. This article is based on an M.A. thesis completed by Mr. Mackin, with Career development theory has grown Dr. Hansen as advisor, at the University of out of an ever-increasing awareness of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order

We e xplore the issues relevant to those types of ecosystems containing new combinations of species that arise through human action, environmental change, and the impacts of the deliberate and inadvertent introduction of species from other regions. Novel ecosystems (also termed ‘emerging ecosystems’) result when species occur in combinations and relative abundances that have not occurred previously within a given biome. Key characteristics are novelty, in the form of new species combinations and the potential for changes in ecosystem functioning, and human agency, in that these ecosystems are the result of deliberate or inadvertent human action. As more of the Earth becomes transformed by human actions, novel ecosystems increase in importance, but are relatively little studied. Either the degradation or invasion of native or ‘wild’ ecosystems or the abandonment of intensively managed systems can result in the formation of these novel systems. Important considerations are whether these new systems are persistent and what values they may have. It is likely that it may be very difficult or costly to return such systems to their previous state, and hence consideration needs to be given to developing appropriate management goals and approaches.
S100A9 Interaction with TLR4 Promotes Tumor Growth

By breeding TRAMP mice with S100A9 knock-out (S100A9−/−) animals and scoring the appearance of palpable tumors we observed a delayed tumor growth in animals devoid of S100A9 expression. CD11b+ S100A9 expressing cells were not observed in normal prostate tissue from control C57BL/6 mice but were readily detected in TRAMP prostate tumors. Also, S100A9 expression was observed in association with CD68+ macrophages in biopsies from human prostate tumors. Delayed growth of TRAMP tumors was also observed in mice lacking the S100A9 ligand TLR4. In the EL-4 lymphoma model tumor growth inhibition was observed in S100A9−/− and TLR4−/−, but not in RAGE−/− animals lacking an alternative S100A9 receptor. When expression of immune-regulating genes was analyzed using RT-PCR the only common change observed in mice lacking S100A9 and TLR4 was a down-regulation of TGFβ expression in splenic CD11b+ cells. Lastly, treatment of mice with a small molecule (ABR-215050) that inhibits S100A9 binding to TLR4 inhibited EL4 tumor growth. Thus, S100A9 and TLR4 appear to be involved in promoting tumor growth in two different tumor models and pharmacological inhibition of S100A9-TLR4 interactions is a novel and promising target for anti-tumor therapies.
Transcriptional Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Replicating in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection is initiated by the few bacilli inhaled into the alveolus. Studies in lungs of aerosol-infected mice provided evidence for extensive replication of M. tb in non-migrating, non-antigen-presenting cells in the alveoli during the first 2–3 weeks post-infection. Alveoli are lined by type II and type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) which outnumber alveolar macrophages by several hundred-fold. M. tb DNA and viable M. tb have been demonstrated in AEC and other non-macrophage cells of the kidney, liver, and spleen in autopsied tissues from latently-infected subjects from TB-endemic regions indicating systemic bacterial dissemination during primary infection. M. tb have also been demonstrated to replicate rapidly in A549 cells (type II AEC line) and acquire increased invasiveness for endothelial cells. Together, these results suggest that AEC could provide an important niche for bacterial expansion and development of a phenotype that promotes dissemination during primary infection. In the current studies, we have compared the transcriptional profile of M. tb replicating intracellularly in A549 cells to that of M. tb replicating in laboratory broth, by microarray analysis. Genes significantly upregulated during intracellular residence were consistent with an active, replicative, metabolic, and aerobic state, as were genes for tryptophan synthesis and for increased virulence (ESAT-6, and ESAT-6-like genes, esxH, esxJ, esxK, esxP, and esxW). In contrast, significant downregulation of the DevR (DosR) regulon and several hypoxia-induced genes was observed. Stress response genes were either not differentially expressed or were downregulated with the exception of the heat shock response and those induced by low pH. The intra-type II AEC M. tb transcriptome strongly suggests that AEC could provide a safe haven in which M. tb can expand dramatically and disseminate from the lung prior to the elicitation of adaptive immune responses.
Control of Drosophila eye specification by Wingless signalling

Organ formation requires early specification of the groups of cells that will give rise to specific structures. The Wingless protein plays an important part in this regional specification of imaginal structures in Drosophila, including defining the region of the eye-antennal disc that will become retina. We show that Wingless signalling establishes the border between the retina and adjacent head structures by inhibiting the expression of the eye specification genes eyes absent, sine oculis and dachshund. Ectopic Wingless signalling leads to the repression of these genes and the loss of eyes, whereas loss of Wingless signalling has the opposite effects. Wingless expression in the anterior of wild-type discs is complementary to that of these eye specification genes. Contrary to previous reports, we find that under conditions of excess Wingless signalling, eye tissue is transformed not only into head cuticle but also into a variety of inappropriate structures.
B6.C-H-2bm12. A new H-2 mutation in the I region in the mouse

The B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant is described and evidence is presented for the mutational site occurring in the IA subregion. The mutant is of the gain and loss type as bm12 in equilibrium or formed from C57BL/6 grafts are rejected in 14-16 d. Mapping studies by the gene-complementation method using H-2 recombinant strains place the mutation in the K or IA regions of the H-2 complex and furthermore, the use of this test and the use of other H-2 mutants indicate that H-2Kb is not the site of the mutation, making the IA region the most likely site. Serological analysis with a battery of H-2b, Iab, and other Ia sera, both by cytotoxicity, rosetting, and also by absorption analysis, indicated no alteration in H-2 specificities, particularly in H-2.K33. By contrast, all of the Iab specificities coded for by the IA subregion (Ia.3, 8, 9, 15, and possibly 20) are extensively altered and are either absent or greatly reduced in amount indicating an extensive alteration in the Ia- bearing molecule. The bm12 mutant strongly stimulates the parental C57BL/6 strain in an mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the reciprocal also occurs, the degree of stimulation being similar to that obtained with K + IA differences originating in another H-2 haplotype and points to the mutation effecting the Lad-1 locus. The presence of an extensive histocompatibility change, a marked alteration in the serologically detected Ia specificities, and a strong MLR, all produced by the one mutation, provides strong evidence for the identity of the Ia-1, Lad-1, and H-2(IA) loci in the IA subregion. The bm12 mutant should be of value in determining the relationship of Ia specificities, Ir genes, and other phenomena effected by the I region.
Log-odds sequence logos

MOTIVATION DNA and protein patterns are usefully represented by sequence logos. However, the methods for logo generation in common use lack a proper statistical basis, and are non-optimal for recognizing functionally relevant alignment columns. RESULTS We redefine the information at a logo position as a per-observation multiple alignment log-odds score. Such scores are positive or negative, depending on whether a column's observations are better explained as arising from relatedness or chance. Within this framework, we propose distinct normalized maximum likelihood and Bayesian measures of column information. We illustrate these measures on High Mobility Group B (HMGB) box proteins and a dataset of enzyme alignments. Particularly in the context of protein alignments, our measures improve the discrimination of biologically relevant positions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Our new measures are implemented in an open-source Web-based logo generation program, which is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Yu/logoddslogo/index.html. A stand-alone version of the program is also available from this site. CONTACT altschul@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Increasing Racial Isolation and Test Score Gaps in Mathematics: A 30-Year Perspective

Background/Context Although there has been progress in closing the test score gaps among student groups over past decades, that progress has stalled. Many researchers have speculated why the test score gaps closed between the early 1970s and the early 1990s, but only a few have been able to empirically study how changes in school factors and social background characteristics relate to that convergence. The main reason for this is the lack of data for multiple student cohorts—information necessary for the examination of such relationships. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study We analyzed nationally representative data from 1972, 1982, 1992, and 2004, examining the mathematics achievement of four high school senior cohorts, and several school and family background characteristics. We examined how changes in these measures (in terms of means and coefficients) relate to the black-white and Latino-white test score gaps and to changes in school minority composition. Population/Participants/Subjects For our analysis, we used the following nationally representative data sets, which are part of the Longitudinal Studies (LS) program at the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES): National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72); High School and Beyond senior cohort of 1982 (HSB-82); National Education Longitudinal Study senior cohort of 1992 (NELS-92); and Educational Longitudinal Study senior cohort of 2004 (ELS-04). Research Design Conducting secondary data analyses of these nationally representative data, we estimated a series of regressions for each senior cohort, entering the race dummy variables to estimate the unadjusted predicted mathematics test score difference between black and white students and between Latino and white students. Next, we estimated a series of multilevel regressions for each cohort to analyze how trends in school and social background measures are related to trends in the black-white and Latino-white mathematics test score gaps. Finally, we used the pooled coefficients in the decomposition of the difference between the predicted means of white and black test scores. Findings/Results Our estimates revealed that between 1972 and 2004, increases in school segregation corresponded to significant increases in the black-white and Latino-white test score gaps, outweighing the positive changes in family background measures for these minority groups. Conclusions/Recommendations Understanding how our society can address these countervailing forces—the improving socioeconomic conditions for black and Latino families on the one hand, and the increasing racial isolation of these students in schools on the other— necessitates innovative ideas and experimentation.
The COOH-terminal domain of the Rap1A (Krev-1) protein is isoprenylated and supports transformation by an H-Ras:Rap1A chimeric protein

Although the Rap1A protein resembles the oncogenic Ras proteins both structurally and biochemically, Rap1A exhibits no oncogenic properties. Rather, overexpression of Rap1A can reverse Ras-induced transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Because the greatest divergence in amino acid sequence between Ras and Rap1A occurs at the COOH terminus, the role of this domain in the opposing biological activities of these proteins was examined. COOH-terminal processing and membrane association of Rap1A were studied by constructing and expressing a chimeric protein (composed of residues 1 to 110 of an H-Ras activated by a Leu-61 mutation attached to residues 111 to 184 of Rap1A) in NIH 3T3 cells and a full-length human Rap1A protein in a baculovirus-Sf9 insect cell system. Both the chimeric protein and the full-length protein were synthesized as a 23-kDa cytosolic precursor that rapidly bound to membranes and was converted into a 22-kDa form that incorporated label derived from [3H]mevalonate. The mature 22-kDa form also contained a COOH-terminal methyl group. Full-length Rap1A, expressed in insect cells, was modified by a C20 (geranylgeranyl) isoprenoid. In contrast, H-Ras, expressed in either Sf9 insect or NIH 3T3 mouse cells contained a C15 (farnesyl) group. This suggests that the Rap1A COOH terminus is modified by a prenyl transferase that is distinct from the farnesyl transferase that modifies Ras proteins. Nevertheless, in NIH 3T3 cells the chimeric Ras:Rap1A protein retained the transforming activity conferred by the NH2-terminal Ras61L domain. This demonstrates that the modifications and localization signals of the COOH terminus of Rap1A can support the interactions between H-Ras and membranes that are required for transformation.
Random telegraph noise analysis in redox-based resistive switching devices using KMC simulations

This paper presents a physical model to investigate the random telegraph noise (RTN) as an important source of the stochastic variability in redox-based resistive switching RAMs. Our noise analysis showed a higher level of instability during the high resistance state, where the oxygen vacancies, as the dominant traps inside the oxide, assist the current flow. The role of some important factors like read and reset voltages on the fluctuations of the reading process was studied.
Authenticity and Consumer Value Ratings: Empirical Tests from the Restaurant Domain

We present two studies that together test a fundamental yet rarely examined assumption underlying the contemporary appeal of authenticity-namely, that consumers assign higher value ratings to organizations regarded as authentic. Study 1 conducts content analysis of unsolicited online restaurant reviews entered voluntarily by consumers in three major U.S. metropolitan areas from October 2004 to October 2011; the data contain information from 1,271,796 reviews written by 252,359 unique reviewers of 18,869 restaurants. The findings show that consumers assign higher ratings to restaurants regarded as authentic, even after controlling for restaurant quality in several ways. In addition, we find that consumers perceive independent, family-owned, and specialist single-category restaurants as more authentic than they do chain, non-family-owned, and generalist multiple-category restaurants. Study 2 reinforces these findings using an experimental design in which participants were presented with photos and minimal descriptions of fictitious restaurants and then asked to evaluate the likely authenticity, quality, and overall value of the restaurants in a predetermined sequence. Central to both studies is an authenticity scale that was developed through the use of an online survey that ascertains the specific language used by individuals in referencing authenticity in the restaurant domain. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that authenticity generates higher consumer value ratings of organizations; the studies also identify certain types of organizations that are more likely to receive authenticity attributions by consumers.
Optimal Transition to Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Ontario, Canada, Considering the Electricity-Grid Limitations

This paper analyzes the feasibility of optimally utilizing Ontario's grid potential for charging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) during off-peak periods. Based on a simplified zonal model of Ontario's electricity-transmission network and a zonal pattern of base-load generation capacity from 2009 to 2025, an optimization model is developed to find the optimal, as well as maximum, penetrations of PHEVs into Ontario's transport sector. The results of this paper demonstrate that the present and projected electricity grid in Ontario can be optimally exploited for charging almost 6% of the total vehicles in Ontario or 12.5% of the vehicles in Toronto's transport sector by 2025; this corresponds to approximately 500 000 PHEVs that can be charged from the grid without any additional transmission or power-generation investments beyond those currently planned.
Impaired Renal Blood Flow and Cortical Pressure Autoregulation in Contralateral Kidneys of Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted on two-kidney, one clip renal vascular hypertensive rats to assess the ability of the kidney contralateral to renal vascular stenosis to autoregulate renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and hydrostatic pressures in cortical structures during conditions of acutely reduced renal arterial blood pressure (BP). When observed at their respective, spontaneous BPs, RBF and GFR were not different in the contralateral kidneys of the hypertensive rats (n = 11) compared to normal animals (n = 7). However, the contralateral kidneys exhibited a significantly higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), 28.9 ± 2.8 mm Hg min/ml than the control animals, 23.1 ± 1.5 mm Hg min/ml. At spontaneous BP (169 ± 5 mm Hg), urine flow, absolute and fractional sodium excretion, and absolute and fractional potassium excretion were all significantly greater in the contralateral kidneys of hypertensive rats than in kidneys of normal rats. Hydrostatic pressures in cortical structures were similar in the two groups. When BP was reduced acutely, the kidney comralateral to the renal artery stenosis achieved only small decreases in RVR that failed to allow RBF, GFR, or cortical pressures to be maintained. In contrast, normal rats efficiently autoregulated RBF and GFR. In addition, hydrostatic pressures in proximal tubules, distal tubules, and first order peritubular capillaries were maintained during reductions in BP to as low as 100 mm Hg. Urine flow and electrolyte excretion decreased to a greater extent in the hypertensive kidneys, such that at comparable BP these indices of excretory function were not different in the two groups. These observations indicate that the capacity of the contralateral kidney to maintain hemodynamic and glomerular function at reduced BP is compromised severely and suggest the possibility that the impaired autoregulatory capability may contribute to the maintenance of hypertension observed in this model.
Source coding, large deviations, and approximate pattern matching

We present a development of parts of rate-distortion theory and pattern- matching algorithms for lossy data compression, centered around a lossy version of the Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP). This treatment closely parallels the corresponding development in lossless compression, a point of view that was advanced in an important paper of Wyner and Ziv in 1989. In the lossless case we review how the AEP underlies the analysis of the Lempel-Ziv algorithm by viewing it as a random code and reducing it to the idealized Shannon code. This also provides information about the redundancy of the Lempel-Ziv algorithm and about the asymptotic behavior of several relevant quantities. In the lossy case we give various versions of the statement of the generalized AEP and we outline the general methodology of its proof via large deviations. Its relationship with Barron's generalized AEP is also discussed. The lossy AEP is applied to: (i) prove strengthened versions of Shannon's source coding theorem and universal coding theorems; (ii) characterize the performance of mismatched codebooks; (iii) analyze the performance of pattern- matching algorithms for lossy compression; (iv) determine the first order asymptotics of waiting times (with distortion) between stationary processes; (v) characterize the best achievable rate of weighted codebooks as an optimal sphere-covering exponent. We then present a refinement to the lossy AEP and use it to: (i) prove second order coding theorems; (ii) characterize which sources are easier to compress; (iii) determine the second order asymptotics of waiting times; (iv) determine the precise asymptotic behavior of longest match-lengths. Extensions to random fields are also given.
Discovery of the benchmark metal-poor T8 dwarf BD +01° 2920B

We have searched the WISE first data release for widely separated (610,000AU) late T dwarf companions to Hipparcos and Gliese stars. We have discovered a new binary system containing a K-band suppressed T8p dwarf WISEP J1423+0116 and the mildly metal poor ([Fe/H]= 0.38±0.06) primary BD+01 2920 (Hip 70319), a G1 dwarf at a distance of 17.2pc. This new benchmark has Teff=680±55K and a mass of 20 50MJup. Its spectral properties are well modelled except for known discrepancies in the Y and K bands. Based on the well determined metallicity of its companion, the properties of BD+01 2920B imply that the currently known T dwarfs are dominated by young lowmass objects. We also present an accurate proper motion for the T8.5 dwarf WISEP J075003.84+272544.8.