Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of outcomes between trimodal therapy and radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a propensity score matching analysis

Although radical cystectomy (RC) is considered as the standard therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), trimodal therapy (TMT) combining transurethral resection of the tumor with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is increasingly recommended as an alternative approach for bladder preservation. In the absence of randomized trials, we compared the clinical outcomes between RC and TMT using propensity score matching with 50 patients in the RC arm and 29 patients in the TMT arm. With respective median follow-up periods of 23 and 32 months for the RC and TMT groups, 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (58% vs. 67%), overall survival (56% vs. 57%), and cancer-specific survival (69% vs. 63%) rates between the RC and TMT groups, respectively, were similar. However, the 5-year local recurrence-free survival was significantly better in the RC group than in the TMT group (74% vs. 35%). Following TMT, acute grade 3 hematological (n = 2) and late grade 3 genitourinary (n = 1) toxicities were reported. These findings demonstrated that oncological outcomes of TMT were comparable with those of RC, except for poorer local control. Large-scale, randomized trials are warranted to confirm the findings of the present retrospective comparison and to guide toward best treatment options.
Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination

The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others—are exophobic—or because they favor their own kind—are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes. Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students’ exams that did or did not contain the students’ names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders’ preferences. We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse predictions for observed market discrimination.
Cognitive impairment in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Mostly a matter of speed

Based on the assumption that cognitive impairment in MS is consistent with subcortical dementia, a battery of neuropsychological tests was assembled that included measures of executive function (Tower of London and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), verbal learning and memory (a paired associates learning test), and speeded information processing (Stroop Color Word Interference Test). The battery was administered to patients with relapsing and primary progressive MS and to healthy controls. Differences between patients and controls occurred on several of the measures. However, when differences with respect to fatigue and depression were statistically controlled, the only differences that remained significant involved measures relating to the speed of information processing. Patients performed more slowly than controls, with the disparity being greater for relapsing patients than for those with primary progressive disease. The slowing was evident on measures of automatic as well as controlled processing and regardless of whether speed was an explicit feature of successful performance or recorded unobstrusively while the patient concentrated on planning a correct solution to a problem. Parallels were noted between cognitive slowing associated with MS and that of normal aging. (JINS, 2004, 10, 948–956.)
Investigation of reference interval for soluble st2 test in serum of vietnamese healthy persons

Objectives: The soluble ST2 isoform, sST2, has been classified as biomarker for myocardial fibrosis in 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. There is an existence of differences in sST2 reference range with region and ethnicity. The aim of this study was the analytical validation of the Presage™ ST2 assay ELISA for quantification of sST2 in human serum and establishment of the sST2 reference range in serum of healthy Vietnamese peoples. Methods: We evaluated calibration curve, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD) of analytical method, and analyte (serum) stability. The reference range of sST2 was determined from the 151 serum samples of healthy Vietnamese persons (73 males, 78 females). Results: The calibration curves of 7 points were fitted percentage of deviation (Dev%) < 4% and R2 equivalent to 1. The method was linear across the large measurement range, from 3 to 230 ng/ml. The coefficients of variation (CV%) of intra-day repeatability and total reproducibility of serum samples, <50, 100-199, and 200-300 ng/ml, were 13.6, 3.6, and 8.2% and 15.4, 14.3 and 11.0%, respectively. The accuracies of quality control samples varied from -7.3 to 3.1%. The LOQ and LOD were 3.82 and 1.67 ng/ml respectively. Recovery was evaluated by combining two QC samples with sST2 of 70 (high) and 23 ng/mL (low) in ratios of 7:3 and 3:7 (high:low); measured concentrations were 53.1 and 35.9 ng/mL, which were 95.0 and 96.8%, respectively of the expected concentrations. Recovery was also evaluated by combining two serum samples with sST2 of 118.9 (high) and 12.85 ng/mL (low) in ratios of 7:3 and 3:7 (high:low); measured concentrations were 78.3 and 41.9 ng/mL, which were 89.8 and 93.8%, respectively of the expected concentrations. The sST2 samples were stable for 72 h at room temperature, for 5 days at 2-8C, 2 continuous thawing/frozen times at 48h and 1 months at -20C. Concentration of sST2 samples were significantly higher in males compared to females (19.33±9.5 vs. 13.46±6.33 ng/ml; p<0.0001), and were not different by ages in males and by ages ≥ 30 yrs in females. In young females, 20-29 yrs, sST2concentrations were higher than those of other age-groups. Age-independent reference values, presented as empirical percentiles, were (2.5th-97.5th) 3.42-48.86 ng/mL in males, and 5.83-28.08 ng/mL in females. Conclusion: The Presage™ ST2 ELISA assay is fitted to quality specifications for measurement of sST2 in serum. The assay has a good precise, large linearity and low concentrations as 3 ng/ml. Reference range of sST2 are not different by age but are higher in males compared to females. Reference range of sST2 in Vietnamese peoples is similar to those of European populations but lower than that of US healthy population.
The Development of Module of Plant Species Resources in Kreo Cave Area of Semarang as a Source of Biodiversity Learning Materials in High Schools

The purpose of this study is to analyze the plants species resources and the validity of Module according to the material experts, media experts, and teacher experts, to analyze the practicality, as well as the effectiveness of learning outcomes. This research used the R&D method. This research was conducted using the ADDIE method which was conducted at Islamic High School of Baitussalam involving 2 classes with 62 students in total. Descriptive data analysis was used. The results of the research on biodiversity in the Kreo Cave area which included the levels of genes, species, and ecosystems, found the results of each of the three levels of biodiversity totaling 24 types of plants which are the gene level 2 species, at the species level 7 species and at the ecosystem level at 15 species. The Module of plant species resources in the Kreo Cave area is theoretically feasible by means of validation sheets for material experts, media experts, and teacher experts with respective scores of 76%, 80%, and 81%, or are in the valid category. Student responses to the Module as a learning resource indicate that the Module is very valid. This is proven from the results of small-scale trials that reach an average value of 72% or are in good criteria. Student learning outcomes assessed during the learning process using Modules showed very good results. This is proven by the increase in students' cognitive from an average of 44.18 to 79.6.
Diabetes mellitus and primary hypothyroidism.

From 1957 to 1972, 114 cases of primary hypothyroidism were found in 60,073 patients seen at the Joslin Clinic, Boston (incidence, 0.19%). In 94 patients, the diabetes mellitus preceded the hypothyroidism. In 38% of the diabetic patients who eventually became hypothyroid, the diabetes mellitus was noted before the age of 30 years. The elapsed time between the diagnosis of the
Normed linear spaces of continuous functions

1. Introduction. In addition to its well known role in analysis, based on measure theory and integration, the study of the Banach space B(X) of real bounded continuous functions on a topological space X seems to be motivated by two major objectives. The first of these is the general question as to relations between the topological properties of X and the properties (algebraic, topological, metric) of B(X) and its linear subspaces. The impetus to the study of this question has been given by various results which show that, under certain natural restrictions on X, the topological structure of X is completely determined by the structure of B{X) [3; 16; 7], 1 and even by the structure of a certain type of subspace of B(X) [14]. Beyond these foundational theorems, the results are as yet meager and exploratory. It would be exciting (but surprising) if some natural metric property of B(X) were to lead to the unearthing of a new topological concept or theorem about X. The second goal is to obtain information about the structure and classification of real Banach spaces. The hope in this direction is based on the fact that every Banach space is (equivalent to) a linear subspace of B(X) [l] for some compact (that is, bicompact Haus-dorff) X. Properties have been found which characterize the spaces B(X) among all Banach spaces [ô; 2; 14], and more generally, properties which characterize those Banach spaces which determine the topological structure of some compact or completely regular X [14; 15]. These properties are defined in terms of concepts which are meaningful in all Banach spaces; in particular, no lattice [lO] or ring [8; 9; 11 ] structure is presupposed. I propose here to outline and supplement some recent results along the above two lines, using methods developed in [14]. In one or two instances details of proofs are given; these are brief and have not previously appeared in print.
Transcriptional Profiling of Human Monocytes Identifies the Inhibitory Receptor CD300a as Regulator of Transendothelial Migration

Local inflammatory responses are characterized by the recruitment of circulating leukocytes from the blood to sites of inflammation, a process requiring the directed migration of leukocytes across the vessel wall and hence a penetration of the endothelial lining. To identify underlying signalling events and novel factors involved in these processes we screened for genes differentially expressed in human monocytes following their adhesion to and passage through an endothelial monolayer. Functional annotation clustering of the genes identified revealed an overrepresentation of those associated with inflammation/immune response, in particular early monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Among the gene products so far not implicated in monocyte transendothelial migration was the inhibitory immune receptor CD300a. CD300a mRNA and protein levels were upregulated following transmigration and engagement of the receptor by anti-CD300a antibodies markedly reduced monocyte transendothelial migration. In contrast, siRNA mediated downregulation of CD300a in human monocytes increased their rate of migration. CD300a colocalized and cosedimented with actin filaments and, when activated, caused F-actin cytoskeleton alterations. Thus, monocyte transendothelial migration is accompanied by an elevation of CD300a which serves an inhibitory function possibly required for termination of the actual transmigration.
High Ki67 Gene Expression Is Associated With Aggressive Phenotype in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high Ki67 protein expression, the most commonly used cell proliferation marker, is associated with an aggressive biologic phenotype; however, conventional immunostaining is hampered by variability in institutional protocol, specific antibody probe, and by assessor subjectivity. To this end, we hypothesized that Ki67 gene (MKi67) expression would identify highly proliferative HCC, and clarify its association with oncologic outcome, tumor progression, and immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we sought to identify the cell-cycle gene expression profile that confers this aggressive phenotype. Methods A total of 473 HCC patients with clinicopathological data associated with transcriptome were selected for this study: 358 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as the testing cohort, and 115 from GSE76427 as the validation cohort. Each cohort was divided into a highly proliferative group (MKi67-high) and the low MKi67 group (MKi67-low) by the median of Ki67 gene (MKi67) expression levels. Results MKi67-high HCC patients had worse disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) independent of histological grade in the TCGA cohort. MKi67 expression correlated with histological grade and tumor size. MKi67 expression increased throughout the HCC carcinomatous sequence from normal liver, cirrhotic liver, early HCC, and advanced HCC. MKi67-high HCC was associated with higher intratumor heterogeneity, homologous recombination deficiency, and altered fraction as well as intratumoral infiltration of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, but lower interferon-gamma response and M2 macrophage infiltration. Cell proliferation-related gene sets in the Hallmark collection (E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, Myc target v1 and mitotic spindle), MTORC1 signaling, DNA repair, PI3K MTOR signaling, and unfolded protein response were all enriched in the MKi67-high HCC (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.25). Conclusions High MKi67 gene expression identified highly proliferative HCC with aggressive biology involving classical pathways in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair, as well as poor overall oncologic outcomes. This suggests potential for personalized treatment strategies, but validation and refinement of these observations require further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate therapeutic targeting of these pathways in MKi67-high HCC tumors.
A New Method of Estimating Risk Aversion

This paper develops a method of estimating the coefficient of relative risk aversion (g) from data on labor supply. The main result is that existing estimates of labor supply elasticities place a tight bound on g, without any assumptions beyond those of expected utility theory. It is shown that the curvature of the utility function is directly related to the ratio of the income elasticity of labor supply to the wage elasticity, holding fixed the degree of complementarity between consumption and leisure. The degree of complementarity can in turn be inferred from data on consumption choices when employment is stochastic. Using a large set of existing estimates of wage and income elasticities, I find a mean estimate of g = 1. I also give a calibration argument showing that a positive uncompensated wage elasticity, as found in most studies of labor supply, implies g
The Developing of PBL Oriented E-Magazine to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Caring Attitudes Laboratory Work Safety

This research aims to test the validity and effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) oriented e-magazine teaching materials in improving critical thinking skills and caring attitude towards laboratory work safety. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) research that uses the ADDIE model by applying a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects in this study were 51 students of class X MIA SMA N 7 Jambi City. Research instruments in the form of expert validation questionnaires, questionnaires on the readability of teaching materials, critical thinking skills test questions and attitudes about laboratory safety. The data analysis of the expert, practitioner, legibility and practicality validation questionnaire data showed that the validity of the e-magazine was considered very valid. Effective teaching materials improve critical thinking skills seen from the posttest average of the experimental class is 80.1 and the control class is 71.3. The average N-gain of the experimental class is 0.59 (medium) and in the control class is 0.33 (medium). Effective teaching materials increase the attitude of caring for safety as seen from the posttest average of the experimental class of 79.6 and the control class of 74.7. The average N-gain of the experimental class is 0.55 (medium) and in the control class is 0.42 (medium). Based on the research results, PBL-oriented e-magazines are valid for use in learning and are effective in improving critical thinking skills and caring attitude towards laboratory safety.
The Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Autogenic Relaxation on Young Soccer Players’ Mood States

Purpose This study was designed to compare the effects of two different relaxation techniques, namely progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and autogenic relaxation (AGR) on moods of young soccer players. Methods Sixteen adolescent athletes (mean age: 14.1 ± 1.3) received either PMR or AGR training. Using Profile of Mood States- Adolescents, their mood states were measured one week before relaxation training, before the first relaxation session, and after the twelfth relaxation session. Results Mixed ANOVA revealed no significant interaction effects and no significant main effects in any of the subscales. However, significant main effects for testing sessions were found for confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension subscales. Post hoc tests revealed post-intervention reductions in the confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension subscale scores. Conclusion These two relaxation techniques induce equivalent mood responses and may be used to regulate young soccer players’ mood states.
Assessing a Metacognitive Account of Associative Memory Impairments in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Previous research has pointed to a deficit in associative recognition in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Associative recognition tasks require discrimination between various combinations of words which have and have not been seen previously (such as old-old or old-new pairs). People with TLE tend to respond to rearranged old-old pairs as if they are “intact” old-old pairs, which has been interpreted as a failure to use a recollection strategy to overcome the familiarity of two recombined words into a new pairing. We examined this specific deficit in the context of metacognition, using postdecision confidence judgements at test. We expected that TLE patients would show inappropriate levels of confidence for associative recognition. Although TLE patients reported lower confidence levels in their responses overall, they were sensitive to the difficulty of varying pair types in their judgements and gave significantly higher confidence ratings for their correct answers. We conclude that a strategic deficit is not at play in the associative recognition of people with TLE, insofar as they are able to monitor the status of their memory system. This adds to a growing body of research suggesting that recollection is impaired in TLE, but not metacognition.
Trace analysis of perchlorate anion in selected food products by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An alternative, rapid, and reproducible method of analysis for perchlorate in selected food products (fruit and vegetable juice, milk, and bottled water) was developed and validated. Improvements over previous methods were achieved by the use of a rugged and inexpensive C18 column, a multi-mode OASIS HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge for sample clean-up, and acetic acid for pH adjustment and protein precipitation. The hydrophobicity of the perchlorate anion gives it good retention and separation characteristics on C18 chromatographic columns. The C18 column allowed for the use of 90% of acetonitrile at a low flow rate (0.3 ml min−1), without splitting, and could also be regenerated with organic solvents, unlike an ion-exchange column. Perchlorate levels in selected commercial food samples were: <1.0–2.1 ng g−1 (fruit and vegetable juices, reported here for the first time), <1.0–5.0 ng g−1 (milk), and <1.0 ng g−1 (bottled water).
Progress measures, immediate determinacy, and a subset construction for tree automata

Using the concept of a progress measure, a simplified proof is given of M.O. Rabin's (1969) fundamental result that the languages defined by tree automata are closed under complementation. To do this, it is shown that for infinite games based on tree automata, the forgetful determinacy property of Y. Gurevich and L. Harrington (1982) can be strengthened to an immediate determinacy property for the player who is trying to win according to a Rabin acceptance condition. Moreover, a graph-theoretic duality theorem for such acceptance conditions is shown. Also presented is a strengthened version of S. Safra's (1988) determinization construction. Together these results and the determinacy of Borel games yield a straightforward method for complementing tree automata. <<ETX>>
Regional White Matter Integrity Differentiates Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer Disease

Background and Purpose— Considerable clinical and radiological overlap between vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) often makes the diagnosis difficult. Diffusion-tensor imaging studies showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) could be a useful marker for white matter changes. This study aimed to identify regional FA changes to identify a biomarker that could be used to differentiate VaD from AD. Methods— T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging scans were obtained in 13 VaD patients, 16 AD patients, and 22 healthy elderly controls. We used tract-based spatial statistics to study regional changes in fractional anisotropy in AD, VaD, and elderly controls. We then used probabilistic tractography to parcel the corpus callosum in 7 regions according to its connectivity with major cerebral cortices using diffusion-tensor imaging data set. We compared the volume and mean FA in each set of transcallosal fibers between groups using ANOVA and then applied a discriminant analysis based on FA and T2-weighted imaging measures. Results— FA reduction in forceps minor was the most significant area of difference between AD and VaD. Segmentation of the corpus callosum using tractography and comparison of FA changes of each segment confirmed the FA changes in transcallosal prefrontal tracts of patients with VaD when compared to AD. The best discriminant model was the combination of transcallosal prefrontal FA and Fazekas score with 87.5% accuracy, 100% specificity, and 93% sensitivity (P<0.0001). Conclusion— Integrating mean FA in the forceps minor to the Fazekas score provides a useful quantitative marker for differentiating AD from VaD.