Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous superconductivity and its competition with antiferromagnetism in doped Mott insulators

Proximity to a Mott insulating phase is likely to be an important physical ingredient of a theory that aims to describe high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates. Quantum cluster methods are well suited to describe the Mott phase. Hence, as a step toward a quantitative theory of the competition between antiferromagnetism and $d$-wave superconductivity in the cuprates, we use cellular dynamical mean-field theory to compute zero-temperature properties of the two-dimensional square lattice Hubbard model. The $d$-wave order parameter is found to scale like the superexchange coupling $J$ for on-site interaction $U$ comparable to or larger than the bandwidth. The order parameter also assumes a dome shape as a function of doping, while, by contrast, the gap in the single-particle density of states decreases monotonically with increasing doping. In the presence of a finite second neighbor hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, the zero-temperature phase diagram displays the electron-hole asymmetric competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity that is observed experimentally in the cuprates. Adding realistic third neighbor hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{''}}$ improves the overall agreement with the experimental phase diagram. Since band parameters can vary depending on the specific cuprate considered, the sensitivity of the theoretical phase diagram to band parameters challenges the commonly held assumption that the doping vs ${T}_{c}∕{T}_{c}^{\mathit{max}}$ phase diagram of the cuprates is universal. The calculated angle-resolved photoemission spectrum displays the observed electron-hole asymmetry. The tendency to homogeneous coexistence of the superconducting and antiferromagnetic order parameters is stronger than observed in most experiments but consistent with many theoretical results and with experiments in some layered high-temperature superconductors. Clearly, our calculations reproduce important features of $d$-wave superconductivity in the cuprates that would otherwise be considered anomalous from the point of view of the standard Bardeen\char21{}Cooper\char21{}Schrieffer approach. At strong coupling, $d$-wave superconductivity and antiferromagnetism naturally appear as two equally important competing instabilities of the normal phase of the same underlying Hamiltonian.
Analysis of Dual Nature of Heat Flux Predicted by Monin‐Obukhov Similarity Theory: An Impact of Empirical Forms of Stability Correction Functions

The behavior of sensible heat flux H with stability parameter ζ in the stable atmospheric surface layer is analyzed within the framework of Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST). Using MOST equations, H is expressed as a function of ζ and wind shear ∂U/∂z. A systematic mathematical analysis is carried out to analyze the behavior of H with ζ utilizing the linear as well as various nonlinear empirical functional forms of the similarity functions. In case of linear form, for a given value of H, two different values of ζ along with the “downward heat flux maximum” with a unique critical point are found to occur. However, for the other selected empirical similarity functions, more than two values of ζ having the same magnitude of H may occur suggesting the existence of multiple critical points. Further, the observational variation of H with ζ is analyzed using data from three different sites. Data suggest the existence of two different stability regimes for the same magnitude of heat flux. However, the data do not support the existence of multiple values of ζ for the same magnitude of H, as predicted by MOST with the other selected empirical forms of similarity functions. This suggests that the phenomenon of existence of downward heat flux maximum, as predicted by MOST equations, depends on the functional form of the similarity functions, and it appears to break down for some selected empirical forms of similarity functions under very stable conditions.
Task Performance and Social Information Seeking

Employees’ information seeking behavior is an important aspect of knowledge management. However, the extant literature has dominantly focused on information sharing and transfer. The limited literature on information seeking has taken a social network perspective as a main theoretical lens and focused on task performance information seeking. In this study, we propose an alternative theoretical perspective, a communication perspective, for information seeking research. Based on this perspective, we propose information relatedness and information novelty to be the two informational factors in an information seeker’s source preference decision, and relational benefit and social risk to be the two relational factors. We also extend the information seeking literature to social information seeking. We propose that information relatedness has different importance in task performance and social information seeking. Our empirical study suggests that except for social risk, other factors have a significant impact on a seeker’s preference of a source.
User Relay Assisted Traffic Shifting in LTE-Advanced Systems

In order to deal with uneven load distribution, mobility load balancing adjusts the handover region to shift edge users from a hot-spot cell to the less-loaded neighbouring cells. However, shifted users receive the reduced signal power from neighbouring cells, which may result in link quality degradation. This paper employs a user relaying model and proposes a user relay assisted traffic shifting (URTS) scheme to address this problem. In URTS scheme, a shifted user selects a suitable non-active user as relay user to forward signal, thus enhancing the link quality of the shifted user. Since the user relaying model consumes relay user's energy, a utility function is designed in relay selection to reach a trade-off between the shifted user's link quality improvement and the relay user's energy consumption. Simulation results show that the URTS scheme can improve SINR and capacity of shifted users. Also, URTS scheme keeps the cost of relay user's energy consumption at an acceptable level.
The DECAF Score: predicting hospital mortality in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Despite exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being both common and often fatal, accurate prognostication of patients hospitalised with an exacerbation is difficult. For exacerbations complicated by pneumonia, the CURB-65 prognostic tool is frequently used but its use in this population is suboptimal. Methods Consecutive patients hospitalised with an exacerbation of COPD were recruited. Admission clinical data and inhospital death rates were recorded. Independent predictors of outcome were identified by logistic regression analysis and incorporated into a clinical prediction tool. Results 920 patients were recruited: mean (SD) age was 73.1 (10.0) years; 53.9% were female subjects; mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second was 43.6 (17.2) % predicted; and 96 patients (10.4%) died in hospital. The five strongest predictors of mortality (extended MRC Dyspnoea Score, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidaemia, and atrial fibrillation) were combined to form the Dyspnoea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, Acidaemia and atrial Fibrillation (DECAF) Score. The Score, which underwent internal bootstrap validation, showed excellent discrimination for mortality (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve =0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89) and performed more strongly than other clinical prediction tools. In the subgroup of patients with coexistent pneumonia (n=299), DECAF was a significantly stronger predictor of mortality than CURB-65. Conclusions The DECAF Score is a simple yet effective predictor of mortality in patients hospitalised with an exacerbation of COPD and has the potential to help clinicians more accurately predict prognosis, and triage place and level of care to improve outcome in this common condition.
OncoDB.HCC: an integrated oncogenomic database of hepatocellular carcinoma revealed aberrant cancer target genes and loci

The OncoDB.HCC () is based on physical maps of rodent and human genomes containing quantitative trait loci of rodent HCC models and various human HCC somatic aberrations including chromosomal data from loss of heterozygosity and comparative genome hybridization analyses, altered expression of genes from microarray and proteomic studies, and finally experimental data of published HCC genes. Comprehensive integration of HCC genomic aberration data avoids potential pitfalls of data inconsistency from single genomic approach and provides lines of evidence to reveal somatic aberrations from levels of DNA, RNA to protein. Twenty-nine of 30 (96.7%) novel HCC genes with significant altered expressions in compared between tumor and adjacent normal tissues were validated by RT–PCR in 45 pairs of HCC tissues and by matching expression profiles in 57 HCC patients of re-analyzed Stanford HCC microarray data. Comparative mapping of HCC loci in between human aberrant chromosomal regions and QTLs of rodent HCC models revealed 12 syntenic HCC regions with 2 loci effectively narrowed down to 2 Mb. Together, OncoDB.HCC graphically presents comprehensive HCC data integration, reveals important HCC genes and loci for positional cloning and functional studies, and discloses potential molecular targets for improving HCC diagnosis and therapy.
Anti-inflammatory Effects and Acute Toxicity of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Morus mesozygia Stapf.

Aim: Morus mesozygia is a specie of the Morus family in Africa that is traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism. Until this moment, there is no available literature on the scientific evidence of the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. The aim is to determine the safety of this extract after acute exposure and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Methodology: The phytochemical screening of the powdered stem bark was determined following standard procedures. Extraction in methanol yielded a brownish extract, which was subjected to total phenolic and flavonoid contents estimation. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Acute oral toxicity effects was evaluated in female mice and signs of Original Research Article Oshiomah et al.; BJPR, 13(6): xxx-xxx, 2016; Article no.BJPR. 28746 2 toxicity was observed for 14 days. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenaninduced paw oedema and in vitro membrane stabilizing activity assay in rat erythrocytes. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquonones, and cardiac glycosides. Ratio of total phenolic to total flavonoid content was determined to be 0.53. MEMm showed strong antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid in DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. No signs of acute toxicity was observed indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg. MEMm (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oedema formation in rat paw, and showed concentration dependent membrane stabilizing activities in rat erythrocytes. Conclusion: The present study shows that stem bark methanol extract of Morus mesozygia is safe and contains bioactive constituents with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties.
Nonthermal Synchrotron Radiation from Gamma-Ray Burst External Shocks and the X-Ray Flares Observed with Swift

An analysis of the interaction between a spherical relativistic blast-wave shell and a stationary cloud with a spherical cap geometry is performed assuming that the cloud width Δcl≪ x, where x is the distance of the cloud from the gamma-ray burst (GRB) explosion center. The interaction is divided into three phases: (1) a collision phase with both forward and reverse shocks; (2) a penetration phase when either the reverse shock has crossed the shell while the forward shock continues to cross the cloud, or vice versa; and (3) an expansion phase when, both shocks having crossed the cloud and shell, the shocked fluid expands. Temporally evolving spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are calculated for the problem of the interaction of a blast-wave shell with clouds that subtend large and small angles compared with the Doppler (-cone) angle θ0 = 1/Γ0, where Γ0 is the coasting Lorentz factor. The Lorentz factor evolution of the shell/cloud collision is treated in the adiabatic limit. The behavior of the light curves and SEDs on, e.g., Γ0, shell-width parameter η, where Δ0 + ηx/Γ20 is the blast-wave shell width, and properties and locations of the cloud is examined. Short-timescale variability in GRB light curves, including ~100 keV γ-ray pulses observed with BATSE and delayed ~1 keV X-ray flares found with Swift, can be explained by emissions from an external shock formed by the GRB blast wave colliding with small density inhomogeneities in the “frozen-pulse” approximation (η → 0), and perhaps in the thin-shell approximation (η ≈ 1/Γ0), but not when η ≈ 1. If the frozen-pulse approximation is valid, then external shock processes could make the dominant prompt and afterglow emissions in GRB light curves consistent with short-delay two-step collapse models for GRBs.
Muscle coactivation before and after the impact phase of running following isokinetic fatigue.

CONTEXT The effects of fatigue on impact loading during running are unclear, with some authors reporting increased impact forces and others reporting decreased forces. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of isokinetic fatigue on muscle cocontraction ratios about the knee and ankle during running. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Neuromechanics laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Female middle-distance runners (age = 21.3 ± 1.93 years) with at least 5 years of training experience. INTERVENTION(S) Participants ran on the treadmill at 3.61 m/s before and immediately after the fatigue protocol, which consisted of consecutive, concentric knee extension-flexion at 120°/s until they could no longer produce 30% of the maximum knee-extension moment achieved in the familiarization session for 3 consecutive repetitions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) was recorded using surface electrodes. Agonist∶antagonist EMG ratios for the knee (VM∶BF) and ankle (GAS∶TA) were calculated for the preactivation (PR), initial loading response (LR(1)), and late loading response (LR(2)) phases of running. Hip-, knee-, and ankle-joint angular displacements at initial foot contact were obtained from 3-dimensional kinematic tracings. RESULTS Fatigue did not alter the VM∶BF EMG ratio during the PR phase (P > .05), but it increased the ratio during the LR(1) phase (P < .05). The GAS∶TA EMG ratio increased during the LR(1) phase after fatigue (P < .05) but remained unchanged during the PR and LR(2) phrases (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The increased agonist EMG activation, coupled with reduced antagonist EMG activation after impact, indicates that the acute decrease in muscle strength capacity of the knee extensors and flexors results in altered muscle-activation patterns about the knee and ankle before and after foot impact.
The Gravity Model Specification for Modeling International Trade Flows and Free Trade Agreement Effects: A 10-Year Review of Empirical Studies

The gravity model has been extensively used in international trade research for the last 40 years because of its considerable empirical robustness and explanatory power. Since their introduction in the 1960's, gravity models have been used for assessing trade policy implications and, particularly recently, for analyzing the effects of Free Trade Agreements on international trade. The objective of this paper is to review the recent empirical literature on gravity models, highlight best practices and provide an overview of Free Trade Agreement effects on international trade as reported by relevant gravity model-based studies over the past decade.
Vampire Bat Salivary Plasminogen Activator (Desmoteplase): A Unique Fibrinolytic Enzyme That Does Not Promote Neurodegeneration

Background and Purpose— Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) promotes excitotoxic and ischemic injury within the brain. These findings have implications for the use of tPA in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The plasminogen activator from vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) saliva (D rotundus salivary plasminogen activator [DSPA]; desmoteplase) is an effective plasminogen activator but, in contrast to tPA, is nearly inactive in the absence of a fibrin cofactor. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of DSPA and tPA to promote kainate- and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)–induced neurodegeneration in tPA−/− mice and wild-type mice, respectively. Methods— tPA−/− mice were infused intracerebrally with either tPA or DSPA. The degree of neuronal survival after hippocampal injection of kainate was assessed histochemically. Wild-type mice were used to assess the extent of neuronal damage after intrastriatal injection of NMDA in the presence of tPA or DSPA. Immunohistochemistry and fibrin zymography were used to evaluate DSPA and tPA antigen or activity. Results— Infusion of tPA into tPA−/− mice restored sensitivity to kainate-mediated neurotoxicity and activation of microglia. DSPA was incapable of conferring sensitivity to kainate treatment, even when infused at 10-fold higher molar concentration than tPA. The presence of tPA also increased the lesion volume induced by NMDA injection into the striatum of wild-type mice, whereas DSPA had no effect. Conclusions— DSPA does not promote kainate- or NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity in vivo. These results provide significant impetus to evaluate DSPA in patients with ischemic stroke.
Median orders of tournaments: A tool for the second neighborhood problem and Sumner's conjecture

We give a short constructive proof of a theorem of Fisher: every tournament contains a vertex whose second outneighborhood is as large as its first outneighborhood. Moreover, we exhibit two such vertices provided that the tournament has no dominated vertex. The proof makes use of median orders. A second application of median orders is that every tournament of order 2n - 2 contains every arborescence of order n > 1. This is a particular case of Sumner's conjecture: every tournament of order 2n - 2 contains every oriented tree of order n > 1. Using our method, we prove that every tournament of order (7n - 5)-2 contains every oriented tree of order n. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 35: 244–256, 2000
The impact of dams on flood flows in the United States

Natural flood regimes provide a wide array of important ecological functions. Our goal is to assess the hydrologic impact of dams on flood flows throughout the United States. Regional regression models of the median annual 1‐day maximum flow were developed as a function of natural watershed characteristics, dam storage, and population density. Most of the regressions have adjusted R2 values in excess of 0.80, and overall the models covered 78% of the area of the continental U.S. Alteration of flood flows is present in every region of the country, and is more severe west of the Mississippi and especially in the southern Great Plains, desert Southwest, and northern California. The percent of U.S. rivers with greater than a 25% reduction in the median annual flood is 55% for large rivers, 25% for medium rivers, and 10% for small rivers. The majority of freshwater ecoregions in the country have at least 10% of their rivers with 25% or greater alteration in all three river size classes. A simple model based on the ratio of dam storage to mean annual runoff was developed for assessing alteration in ungauged rivers, and was found to be generally useful for classifying rivers into categories of potential alteration. Overall, we document the alteration of natural flood flows across the U.S. in more detail than has been previously accomplished, and demonstrate the efficacy of multivariate regional regression models and other indicators for assessing hydrologic alteration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity and Asthma: A Missing Link

Obesity and asthma are two chronic conditions that affect millions of people. Genetic and lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and early exposure to micro-organisms are important factors that may contribute to the escalating prevalence of both conditions. The prevalence of asthma is higher in obese individuals. Recently, two major phenotypes of asthma with obesity have been described: one phenotype of early-onset asthma that is aggravated by obesity, and a second phenotype of later-onset asthma that predominantly affects women. Systemic inflammation and mechanical effect, both due to the expansion of the adipose tissue, have been proposed as the main reasons for the association between obesity and asthma. However, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Moreover, it has also been suggested that insulin resistance syndrome can have a role in the association between these conditions. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the development of the immune system, and can be considered a link between obesity and asthma. In the obese state, higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels as a consequence of a microbiota dysbiosis have been found. In addition, changes in microbiota composition result in a modification of carbohydrate fermentation capacity, therefore modifying short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. The main objective of this review is to summarize the principal findings that link obesity and asthma.
Parameters optimization of PID controllers using metaheuristics with physical implementation

The research focused on optimizing parameters of a PID controller using metaheuristics, aimed at improving the response of PID controls, especially those where processes manifest a pronounced nonlinear behavior and for which traditional tuning methods are usually inefficient. Three population-based metaheuristics were selected: Genetic Algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the method of cross entropy (CE). The algorithms associated with each metaheuristic were developed in MatLab, together with the code that allows making simulations as case studies, evaluating the performance of each algorithm on different simulated processes. Finally an implementation was performed in a physical controller (PLC) connected to a physical process, in order to compare the performance of the PID parameters obtained by the Metaheuristics versus traditional tuning methods. The results show that the use of metaheuristics to optimize PID controllers allow to obtain a control efficiency comparable or superior to conventional techniques.