Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting semantic knowledge from Wikipedia category names

Wikipedia being a large, freely available, frequently updated and community maintained knowledge base, has been central to much recent research. However, quite often we find that the information extracted from it has extraneous content. This paper proposes a method to extract useful information from Wikipedia, using Semantic Features derived from Wikipedia categories. The proposed method provides good performance as a Wikipedia category based method. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that the proposed method achieves a correlation coefficient of 0.66 with human judgments. The Semantic Features derived by this method gave good correlation with human rankings in a web search query completion application.
MR Imaging of the Optic Nerve Sheath in Patients with Craniospinal Hypotension

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Craniospinal hyper- or hypotension leads to morphologic changes in certain intracranial structures. We tested the hypothesis that the amount of CSF in the ONS visible in MR imaging is reduced in patients with CSH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with CSH were prospectively studied. Three readers assessed the width of the peri-optical CSF rim at 4 different anatomic positions by using coronal STIR sequences from a 3T MR imaging scanner. The height of the pituitary gland was also measured. Results were compared with normal values obtained with the same imaging technique. Qualitative signs of CSH also recorded were engorgement of venous sinuses, dural enhancement, subdural effusion, narrow ventricles, and sagging brain. RESULTS: CSF signal intensity surrounding the optic nerves was diminished in at least 2 of the 4 positions used for measurements so that decreased diameters of the ONSs were observed in all patients (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97%). The height of the pituitary gland was above normal limits in 12 of 19 patients (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 97%). Frequencies of qualitative signs of CSH varied from 32% to 81%. CONCLUSIONS: The ISSON in patients with CSH is partially or fully collapsed due to reduced CSF content. In comparison with other anatomic markers, this sign showed the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of patients with CSH in this study.
Hydrogen peroxide accumulation in the choroid during intermittent hypoxia increases risk of severe oxygen-induced retinopathy in neonatal rats.

PURPOSE Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) requiring oxygen therapy often experience frequent episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH) and are at high risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Using an established model for oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), we examined the hypothesis that there is a critical number of daily brief IH episodes which will result in irreversible retinal oxidative damage. METHODS Newborn rats were exposed to increasing daily clustered IH episodes (12% O₂ with 50% O₂) from postnatal day (P) 0 to P7 or P0 to P14, or placed in room air (RA) until P21 following 7- or 14-day IH. RA littermates at P7, P14, and P21 served as controls. A group exposed to constant 50% O₂ (CH) served as a second control. Blood gases, eye opening at P14, retinal, and choroidal oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (8-isoPGF(2α)), oxidants (H₂O₂) and antioxidants (catalase and SOD), retinal pathology (adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase)-stained retinal flatmounts), and mitochondria-related genes were assessed. RESULTS pO₂ levels were higher with increasing IH episodes and remained elevated during the reoxygenation period. High SO₂ levels were associated with most severe OIR. Levels of all measured biomarkers peaked with six IH episodes and decreased with 8 to 12 episodes. H₂O₂ accumulated in the choroid during the reoxygenation period with irreversible retinal damage. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that six is the maximum number of IH episodes that the retina can sustain. Accumulation of H₂O₂ in the choroid may result in high levels being delivered to the entire retina, ultimately resulting in irreversible retinal oxidative damage.
The role of land surface versus drainage network characteristics in controlling water quality and quantity in a small urban watershed

The processes that control run‐off quantity and quality in urban watersheds are complex and not well understood. Although impervious surface coverage has traditionally been used to examine altered hydrologic response in urban watersheds, several studies suggest that other elements of the urban landscape, particularly those associated with urban infrastructure and the drainage system, play an equally important role. The relative importance of impervious surfaces, stormwater ponds, expansion of the drainage network, and drainage network structures in controlling hydrologic response was examined in the subwatersheds of the Kromma Kill, an urban watershed located in Albany County, NY. In this study, geographic information systems was used to compute geospatial land surface and drainage network properties of 5 Kromma Kill subwatersheds. In these same subwatersheds, water quantity (rainfall and run‐off) and quality (macroinvertebrates, nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and nonpurgable organic carbon) parameters were measured. Strong and significant correlations were identified between land surface and drainage network properties and field observations. Causal relationships were then tested using the Environmental Protection Agency's Stormwater Management Model. Field and model analyses suggest that whereas percent imperviousness is a dominant control on water quality, drainage density and slope are equally important. However, for water quantity, whereas imperviousness is positively correlated with increased run‐off volumes, drainage network properties and slope are the dominant controls on run‐off volumes. Results have important implications for stormwater management plans, especially those aimed at reducing the effective impervious surface coverage of urban watersheds. Reducing the percentage of effective imperviousness in a watershed is not a “one size fits all” solution and can help to meet some management objectives, such as reducing nitrogen concentrations and improving water quality, but may not serve as the most effective, and therefore economical, solution for every management objective including reducing run‐off volumes.
Cross Entropy Approximation of Structured Covariance Matrices

We apply two variations of the principle of Minimum Cross Entropy (the Kullback information measure) to fit parameterized probability density models to observed data densities. For an array beamforming problem with P incident narrowband point sources, N > P sensors, and colored noise, both approaches yield eigenvector fitting methods similar to that of the MUSIC algorithm[1]. Furthermore, the corresponding cross-entropies are related to the MDL model order selection criterion[2].
Cache-aided data delivery over erasure broadcast channels

A cache-aided erasure broadcast channel is studied. The receivers are divided into two sets: the weak and strong receivers, where the receivers in the same set all have the same erasure probability. The weak receivers, in order to compensate for the high erasure probability, are equipped with cache memories of equal size, while the receivers in the strong set have no caches. Data can be pre-delivered to weak receivers' caches over the off-peak traffic period before the receivers reveal their demands. A joint caching and channel coding scheme is proposed such that all the receivers, even the receivers without any cache memories, benefit from the presence of caches across the network. The trade-off between the cache size and the achievable rate is studied, and it is shown that the proposed scheme significantly improves the achievable trade-off upon the state-of-the-art.
Presynaptically Located CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors Regulate GABA Release from Axon Terminals of Specific Hippocampal Interneurons

To understand the functional significance and mechanisms of action in the CNS of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, it is crucial to identify the neural elements that serve as the structural substrate of these actions. We used a recently developed antibody against the CB1 cannabinoid receptor to study this question in hippocampal networks. Interneurons with features typical of basket cells showed a selective, intense staining for CB1 in all hippocampal subfields and layers. Most of them (85.6%) contained cholecystokinin (CCK), which corresponded to 96.9% of all CCK-positive interneurons, whereas only 4.6% of the parvalbumin (PV)-containing basket cells expressed CB1. Accordingly, electron microscopy revealed that CB1-immunoreactive axon terminals of CCK-containing basket cells surrounded the somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal neurons, whereas PV-positive basket cell terminals in similar locations were negative for CB1. The synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.01–3 μm) reduced dose-dependently the electrical field stimulation-induced [3H]GABA release from superfused hippocampal slices, with an EC50 value of 0.041 μm. Inhibition of GABA release by WIN 55,212-2 was not mediated by inhibition of glutamatergic transmission because the WIN 55,212-2 effect was not reduced by the glutamate blockers AP5 and CNQX. In contrast, the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A (1 μm) prevented this effect, whereas by itself it did not change the outflow of [3H]GABA. These results suggest that cannabinoid-mediated modulation of hippocampal interneuron networks operate largely via presynaptic receptors on CCK-immunoreactive basket cell terminals. Reduction of GABA release from these terminals is the likely mechanism by which both endogenous and exogenous CB1 ligands interfere with hippocampal network oscillations and associated cognitive functions.
B-type natriuretic peptides: Looking to the future

Abstract Whereas the role of the cardiac natriuretic peptides, ANP and BNP, in some aspects of physiology and pathophysiology is clear, their potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics in many clinical disorders remains uncertain. We predict that circulating levels of these peptides will find increasing diagnostic utility in patients presenting with dyspnoea, in guiding the complex pharmacotherapy in heart failure, and may likewise be useful in guiding the management of patients on chronic maintenance renal dialysis. We predict also that levels of these peptides will be of practical use as prognostic indicators in ‘at-risk’ populations (such as those with diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, thalassaemia, etc.) but probably not in the general population. It appears likely that administration of these peptides will find a place in the therapeutics of acute myocardial infarction, but this is less clear for heart failure. We describe the presence of a segment of the signal peptide for BNP within the circulation and discuss its potential clinical utility.
Environmental and economic assessment of alternative transportation fuels

Alternative fuels have the potential to mitigate transportation’s impact on the environment and enhance energy security. In this work, we investigate two alternative fuels: liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an aviation fuel, and middle distillate fuel derived from woody biomass for use in aviation or road transport. The use of LNG as a supplemental aircraft fuel is considered in the context of the Lockheed Martin C130H and C-130J transport aircraft. We estimate the cost of retrofitting these aircraft to use LNG and the savings from reduced fuel expenses. We evaluate the societal impacts of LNG within a cost-benefit framework, taking into account resource consumption, human health impacts related to air quality, and climate damage. We find that aircraft operators can save up to 14% on fuel expenses (retrofit costs included) by employing LNG retrofits, with a 95% confidence interval of 2-23%. Society can also benefit by 12% (3-20%) from LNG use as a result of improved surface air quality, lower resource consumption, and climate neutrality relative to conventional fuel. These results are highly dependent on fuel prices, the quantity and cost of the LNG retrofits, and the frequency and length of missions. Woody biomass harvested from old-growth forests produces a large carbon debt when used as a feedstock for transportation fuel. Managed forests are an attractive alternative for inexpensive biomass production with the potential to reduce this carbon debt. We study the effect of forest management practices on the carbon debt payback time resulting from harvesting woody biomass from managed forests for middle distillate fuel production. We also calculate the breakeven time in terms of radiative forcing, temperature change, and economic damages. We find that biofuels produced over a period of 30 years have higher CO2 emissions than fossil fuels for 59 years, higher radiative forcing for 42 years, higher temperature change for 48 years, and higher cumulative discounted (1-2%) economic damages for more than 100 years. These damages never break even at discount rates above 2%. Payback times can be reduced by increasing the age at which biomass is harvested. When biofuel production is sustained indefinitely, greater climate benefits are achieved over the next 100 years by instead producing long-lived wood products like lumber. Thesis Supervisor: Steven R.H. Barrett Title: Assistant Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Magneto-optical and optical properties of GdFe films

A thin SiN layer was coated upon GdFe/Si film in order to avoid the surface contamination and oxidation. From the SiN/GdFE interface, the genuine optical constants of GdFe layer were obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The magneto-optical Kerr effect in the large energy range between 1.6 eV and 4.5 eV was also studied. Calculations show that the MOKE peak in the high energy range originates not only from its intrinsic magneto-optical characteristics of GdFe layer, but also from the interference of SiN layer. When the Fe content decreases from 79.3 to 75.8 at. %, the sign change of the complex Kerr rotation was observed and found being induced by the spin-flip.
On the Analysis of Contributions from Privileged Users in Virtual Open Communities

Collaborative projects built around virtual communities on the Internet have gained momentum over the last decade. Nevertheless, their rapid growth rate rises some questions: which is the most effective approach to manage and organize their content creation process? Can these communities scale, controlling their projects as their size continues to grow over time? To answer these questions, we undertake a quantitative analysis of privileged users in FLOSS development projects and in Wikipedia. From our results, we conclude that the inequality level of user contributions in both types of initiatives is remarkably distinct, even though both communities present almost identical patterns regarding the number of distinct contributors per file (in FLOSS projects) or per article (in Wikipedia). As a result, totally open projects like Wikipedia can effectively deal with faster growing rates, while FLOSS projects may be affected by bottlenecks on committers who play critical roles.
The Influence of Competence, Motivation, and Organisational Culture to High School Teacher Job Satisfaction and Performance

The study aims to find out and analyze the influence of competence, motivation, and organizational competence to high school teacher job satisfaction and performance in Jayapura City, Papua, Indonesia. The study was conducted on 117 respondents of 346 teachers by means of questionnaire. Data is analyzed by SEM analysis method in AMOS program. Findings indicate that competence and organizational culture affect positively and insignificantly teacher job satisfaction. While, job motivation affects positively and significantly teacher job satisfaction, but it did not give any significant effect on teacher performance. Competence and job satisfaction affect positively and significantly teacher performance, in fact organizational culture just has positive but insignificant effect to job satisfaction.
Effectiveness of Online Self-Help for Suicidal Thoughts : Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Many people with suicidal thoughts do not receive treatment. The Internet can be used to reach more people in need of support. Objective: To test the effectiveness of unguided online self-help to reduce suicidal thoughts. Method: 236 adults with mild to moderate suicidal thoughts were randomised to the intervention (n = 116) or a waitlist control group (n = 120). Assessments took place at baseline, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks later. Primary outcome was suicidal thoughts. Secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, anxiety, hopelessness, worry, and health status. Results: The intervention group showed a small significant effect in reducing suicidal thoughts (d = 0.28). Effects were more pronounced for those with a history of repeated suicide attempts. There was also a significant reduction in worry (d = 0.33). All other secondary outcomes showed small but non-significant improvements. Conclusions: Although effect sizes were small, the reach of the internet could enable this intervention to help many people reduce their suicidal thoughts. Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Register NTR1689 Citation: van Spijker BAJ, van Straten A, Kerkhof AJFM (2014) Effectiveness of Online Self-Help for Suicidal Thoughts: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 9(2): e90118. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0090118 Editor: Hamid Reza Baradaran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Republic of Islamic) Received September 8, 2013; Accepted January 24, 2014; Published February 27, 2014 Copyright: 2014 van Spijker et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), the Hague, project number 120510003. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: BvS, AK and AvS are authors of the web-based treatment program described in this manuscript. BvS and AK receive royalties from an adapted paper version of the self-help program described in this manuscript under the title ‘‘Piekeren over zelfdoding’’ (in Dutch), published by Boom: Amsterdam (2012). This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: baj.van. spijker@gmail.com
Ten Years to Expertise, Many More to Greatness: An Investigation of Modern Writers

The “ten-year rule” suggests that it takes about 10 years of preparation to reach “expert” status. How long does it take, however, for someone to reach a level of creative greatness? Through an analysis of 215 contemporary fiction writers, we found that these writers took an average of 10.6 years between their first publication and their best publication, although there was a high degree of variability. This tentatively suggests that at least for modern fiction writers, a second phase after the first ten years may be crucial for achieving eminence. We discuss these findings in the context of results found in other domains of creativity, along with limitations and future directions. Sometimes big questions can be addressed with fairly straightforward studies. The image of a writer as a genius driven by a muse is certainly an established stereotype (and one often embraced by writers themselves; see Piirto, 1998), and encourages a spiritual view of writing. Consider, for example, the writer Russell Hoban’s observation that “the novelist is a shaman who is . offering his experience for the use of the rest of the tribe” (quoted in Winokur, 1990). Is writing indeed a mystical act, with famed novelists born with a silver pen in their hand? Even though the writers themselves may still see this as the case, psychological research suggests that the highest levels of creativity might not be as mystical as once thought. The Creative Cognition approach adapted the methodology and concepts of cognitive psychology with the aim of advancing the scientific understanding of creativity (Ward, Finke, & Smith, 1999). In so doing, research from this approach has demonstrated that creative performers seem to possess the same processes (i.e., retrieval of existing structures from memory, simple
Destabilizers and independence of XML updates

Independence analysis is the problem of determining whether an update affects the result of a query, e.g. a constraint or materialized view. We develop a new, modular framework for static independence analysis that decomposes the problem into two orthogonal subproblems: approximating the destabilizer, that is, a finite representation of the set of updates that can change the result of the query, and testing whether the update and destabilizer overlap via an intersection analysis. Focusing on XML queries as the view language and the XQuery Update Facility as the update language, we present a syntactic query rewriting algorithm for translating queries to destabilizers, and show that intersection checking can be reduced to satisfiability problems for which efficient checkers already exist. We present an implementation based on an expressive tree satisfiability checker and a Satisfiability Modulo Order package, and give experiments confirming that the resulting analysis is both fast and effective.
Biological Characterization of Novel Inhibitors of the Gram-Positive DNA Polymerase IIIC Enzyme

ABSTRACT Novel N-3-alkylated 6-anilinouracils have been identified as potent and selective inhibitors of bacterial DNA polymerase IIIC, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosomal DNA in gram-positive bacteria. A nonradioactive assay measuring the enzymatic activity of the DNA polymerase IIIC in gram-positive bacteria has been assembled. The 6-anilinouracils described inhibited the polymerase IIIC enzyme at concentrations in the nanomolar range in this assay and displayed good in vitro activity (according to their MICs) against staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. The MICs of the most potent derivatives were about 4 μg/ml for this panel of bacteria. The 50% effective dose of the best compound (6-[(3-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)amino]-3-{[1-(isoxazol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}uracil) was 10 mg/kg of body weight after intravenous application in a staphylococcal sepsis model in mice, from which in vivo pharmacokinetic data were also acquired.
AtRTD – a comprehensive reference transcript dataset resource for accurate quantification of transcript‐specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

Summary RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) allows global gene expression analysis at the individual transcript level. Accurate quantification of transcript variants generated by alternative splicing (AS) remains a challenge. We have developed a comprehensive, nonredundant Arabidopsis reference transcript dataset (AtRTD) containing over 74 000 transcripts for use with algorithms to quantify AS transcript isoforms in RNA‐seq. The AtRTD was formed by merging transcripts from TAIR10 and novel transcripts identified in an AS discovery project. We have estimated transcript abundance in RNA‐seq data using the transcriptome‐based alignment‐free programmes Sailfish and Salmon and have validated quantification of splicing ratios from RNA‐seq by high resolution reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (HR RT‐PCR). Good correlations between splicing ratios from RNA‐seq and HR RT‐PCR were obtained demonstrating the accuracy of abundances calculated for individual transcripts in RNA‐seq. The AtRTD is a resource that will have immediate utility in analysing Arabidopsis RNA‐seq data to quantify differential transcript abundance and expression.