Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
'Out of Place', 'Knowing One's Place': Space, power and the exclusion of disabled people

Disabled people are marginalised and excluded from 'mainstream' society. In general, our understanding of the processes of exclusion is grounded in time and history. In this paper, it is argued that space, as well as time, is instrumental in reproducing and sustaining disablist practices. Disability has distinct spatialities that work to exclude and oppress disabled people. Spaces are currently organised to keep disabled people 'in their place' and 'written' to convey to disabled people that they are 'out of place'. Furthermore, social relations currently work to spatially isolate and marginalise disabled people and their carers. Disability is spatially, as well as socially, constructed. It is contended that an understanding of society's reaction to, and the experiences of, disability should be framed within an approach that combines a spatialised political economy with social constructivism. Unlike neo-Marxist approaches this approach is centred on notions of power rather than capital. Using this approac.
Differentiating normal, abnormal, and disordered personality

Interest in the interface between normality and psychopathology was renewed with the publication of DSM‐III more than 20 years ago. The use of a separate axis to classify disorders of personality brought increased attention to these conditions. At the same time, the definition of personality disorder as inflexible and maladaptive traits stimulated interest in the relationship between normal and disordered personality structure and functioning. The evidence suggests that the traits delineating personality disorder are continuous with normal variation and that the structural relationships among these traits resemble the structures described by normative trait theories. Recognition that personality disorder represents the extremes of trait dimensions emphasizes the importance of differentiating normal, abnormal, and disordered personality. It is argued that while abnormal personality may be considered extreme variation, personality disorder is more than statistical variation. A definition of personality disorder is suggested based on accounts of the adaptive functions of personality. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross-VM Covert Channel Risk Assessment for Cloud Computing: An Automated Capacity Profiler

Cross-VM covert channels leverage physical resources shared between co-resident virtual machines, like CPU cache, memory bus, and disk bus, to leak information. The capacity of cross-VM covert channels varies on different cloud platforms. Thus, it is hard for cloud service providers to estimate the risk of information leakage caused by cross-VM covert channels on their own platforms. In this paper, we develop an Auto Profiling Framework of Covert Channel Capacity (APFC3) to automatically profile the maximum capacities of various cross-VM covert channels on different cloud platforms. The framework consists of automated parameter tuning for various cross-VM covert channels to achieve high data rate and automated capacity estimation of those cross-VM covert channels. We evaluate the proposed framework by constructing fine-tuned cross-VM covert channels on different virtualization platforms and comparing the optimized achievable data rate with the estimated maximum capacity computed using the proposed framework. The experiments show that in most cases, the capacity estimated using APFC3 is very close to the achieved data rate of constructed covert channels with fine-tuned parameters.
Osseous sequestration in alpacas and llamas: 36 cases (1999-2010).

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical findings, treatments, and outcome in camelids treated for osseous sequestration. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 27 alpacas and 9 llamas with osseous sequestration. PROCEDURES Medical records of 2 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed to identify camelids evaluated because of osseous sequestration between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2010. Data on history, signalment, physical examination and medical imaging findings, treatment, and complications were collected. RESULTS Records of 36 camelids were included, of which there were 22 sexually intact males, 11 females, and 2 castrated males with a median age of 7. 5 months, 3.9 months, and 8.5 years, respectively (age and sex were not available for 1 camelid). The most common clinical signs were lameness, swelling over the affected bone, and associated draining sinus. Sequestra were associated with trauma in 7 (19%) camelids. Camelids with sequestra not associated with trauma (n = 29 [81%]) were significantly younger than those with sequestra attributed to trauma. Thirty-four camelids underwent sequestrectomy, and all survived to hospital discharge (median duration of hospitalization, 6.5 days). Recurrence of a sequestrum occurred twice in 1 (3%) camelid. Long-term follow-up (≥ 12 months) information was available on 24 camelids, of which 20 (83%) recovered without long-term complications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Unlike in other livestock, trauma was not a primary cause of osseous sequestration in camelids. Sequestra should be considered in the differential diagnostic process in camelids with lameness, a draining sinus, or a firm swelling over a bony prominence. Sequestrectomy is a successful treatment option.
A Theory of Dividends Based on Tax Clienteles

This paper offers a novel explanation for why some firms prefer to pay dividends rather than repurchase shares. It is well-known that institutional investors are relatively less taxed than individual investors, and that this induces "dividend clientele" effects. We argue that these clientele effects are the very reason for the presence of dividends, because institutions have a relative advantage in monitoring firms or in detecting firm quality. Firms paying dividends attract relatively more institutions and perform better. The theory is consistent with some documented regularities, such as a reluctance of firms to cut dividends, and offers novel empirical implications, such as a prediction that is the tax difference between institutions and retail investors that determines dividend payments, not the absolute tax payments.
Focusing on Attention: The Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Load on Selective Attention

Background Working memory (WM) is imperative for effective selective attention. Distractibility is greater under conditions of high (vs. low) concurrent working memory load (WML), and in individuals with low (vs. high) working memory capacity (WMC). In the current experiments, we recorded the flanker task performance of individuals with high and low WMC during low and high WML, to investigate the combined effect of WML and WMC on selective attention. Methodology/Principal Findings In Experiment 1, distractibility from a distractor at a fixed distance from the target was greater when either WML was high or WMC was low, but surprisingly smaller when both WML was high and WMC low. Thus we observed an inverted-U relationship between reductions in WM resources and distractibility. In Experiment 2, we mapped the distribution of spatial attention as a function of WMC and WML, by recording distractibility across several target-to-distractor distances. The pattern of distractor effects across the target-to-distractor distances demonstrated that the distribution of the attentional window becomes dispersed as WM resources are limited. The attentional window was more spread out under high compared to low WML, and for low compared to high WMC individuals, and even more so when the two factors co-occurred (i.e., under high WML in low WMC individuals). The inverted-U pattern of distractibility effects in Experiment 1, replicated in Experiment 2, can thus be explained by differences in the spread of the attentional window as a function of WM resource availability. Conclusions/Significance The current findings show that limitations in WM resources, due to either WML or individual differences in WMC, affect the spatial distribution of attention. The difference in attentional constraining between high and low WMC individuals demonstrated in the current experiments helps characterise the nature of previously established associations between WMC and controlled attention.
Is There Something More Important behind Framing

Abstract Medical students as well as staff members at a gas company were asked to choose between alternative rescue programs for the wounded in a gas explosion. The decision task was presented in both positive and negative versions. Within each of these versions were two pairs of choice problems in which the second was derived from the first by the substitution of a common constituent from each alternative. The conditions were designed so that the results should be predictable from the postulates of either Savage′s (1954) sure thing principle or Tversky and Kahneman′s (1981) framing effect . However, what is found is that Savage′s sure thing principle holds in positive frames but fails in negative ones whereas Tversky and Kahneman′s framing effect holds in the first pair of choices but fails in the second. The present data could not be fully explained by these postulates and are taken as stressing the need for an alternative explanatory mechanism.
The Value Priorities of the Political Elites: A Test of the Postmaterialist Thesis in the Puerto Rican Legislature

Abstract The postmaterialist thesis has spurred a large body of literature and debates, yet postmaterialism has not been studied among political elites. Empirical studies of the legislatures and legislators of Latin American nations in general and Puerto Rico in particular, moreover, are sorely lacking. This article examines postmaterialist values among Puerto Rican legislators. It finds that Puerto Rican legislators have high levels of postmaterialism and that they order the components of the postmaterialism scale in ways similar to those of the mass publics of other countries, including those of Latin America. More important, the postmaterialist scale proves of little use in explaining the positions legislators take on a host of issues, many of which are closely associated with postmaterialism. An alternative explanation is that the scale really measures attachment to democratic norms.
The concept of organizational change capacity

Purpose – Change implementation presents a major challenge to managers. However, theoretical and empirical works waiver between the change management action and the management of the change/initial conditions. These opposing views reflect the theoretical instability, which characterizes work on organizational change. Faced with this theoretical mosaic, the question of knowing what the change capacity is, is fundamental. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for change capacity and to identify its dimensions and components.Design/methodology/approach – To deal with this stake, the author conducted a single case study and observed an organization that had acquired the status of a company with change capacity. The Renault SA group makes for an interesting case. Renault, a 100‐year‐old company, is considered to be capable of undergoing change, of following its environment and even of shaping its own environment.Findings – The study leads to the identification of three dimensions of the change ca.
The Effects of Senior Management Teams on Teacher Morale and Job Satisfaction

This article reports on research which sought to examine the effects on teacher morale and job satisfaction of one primary school's management. It focuses on a relatively new management strategy in English and Welsh primary schools: the use of senior management teams. The findings reflect the views of the `managed' rather than the managers, and reveal the nature and quality of school management to have been the most influential factor in determining the quality of teachers' working lives, their job satisfaction and morale. Some of the problems emanating from the establishment of an SMT are examined. It is concluded that this approach does not represent a straightforward means of dealing with the pressures of contemporary headship and the author advocates a more radical approach.
A CMOS Compatible Power MOSFET for Low Voltage GHz Operation

This paper presents a high performance microwave lateral double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistor for low voltage applications. The device is manufactured in an ordinary CMOS process without any complex processing steps. The device has a current gain cut-off frequency, fT of 6.5 GHz and a power gain cut-off frequency, fMAX, of 14 GHz. The power-added efficiency is 45 % and the output power is 25 dBm for a device with 2 mm gate width at 1 GHz.
INFORMATION GAP TASKS: Their Multiple Roles and Contributions to Interaction Research Methodology

This article describes how information gap tasks can be designed as instruments for data collection and analysis and as treatments in interaction research. The development of such tasks is illustrated and data are presented on their role in drawing learners' attention to second language (L2) forms that are difficult to notice through classroom discussion alone. Because the tasks presented here are closed-ended and precision oriented and require the exchange of uniquely held information, they promote modified interaction among participants and orient their attention to form, function, and meaning. These processes can be observed by the researcher during task implementation. Thus, the tasks reduce researcher dependence on externally applied treatments and analytical instruments not integral to the interaction itself. To illustrate this methodology in use, we report on a study in which six pairs of intermediate-level English L2 learners carried out three types of information gap tasks in their classrooms. They first read passages on familiar topics, whose sentences contained L2 forms that were low in salience and difficult to master but developmentally appropriate. To complete the tasks, the learners were required to identify, recall, and compare the forms, their functions, and their meanings. Data revealed close relationships among learners' attentional processes, their recall of form, function, and meaning, and the interactional processes that supported their efforts.In carrying out the design and implementation of the tasks in this article, we have worked most closely with Kristine Billmyer and MaryAnn Julian, and also Jin Ahn, Marni Baker-Stein, Mara Blake-Ward, Lyn Buchheit, Junko Hondo, Sharon Nicolary, and Jack Sullivan. Among the many graduate students who have provided assistance are Vivian Chen, Yao Chen, Yi-Chen Chen, Cathy Fillman, Leslie Harsch, Hanae Katayana, Ji Hwan Kim, Atsuko Matsui, Lisa Mullen, Amy Nichols, Matthew Salvatore, Margaret Skaarup, Lauren Smith, Cheng-Chen Tseng, Debbie Tsui, Melissa Yi, Wei-Chieh Yu, and Mira Yun.
The Principles of Extinction and Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors in the Intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Primarily Obsessional Pediatric OCD

This case study describes the application of intensive cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), focusing on extinction and differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO), in an adolescent girl with primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). “Abby,” a 13-year-old, Caucasian female, showed meaningful changes in OCD symptomatology during five consecutive sessions of intensive treatment. Abby’s mother also reported dramatic improvements in Abby’s functioning and in the mother-child relationship. Improvements continued to be reported by Abby and her mother and observed by therapists during follow-up sessions. The results of this case study provide preliminary support that intensive CBT incorporating extinction, cognitive restructuring skills, and DRO may be an effective treatment for pediatric OCD.
Facilitators of and Barriers to Gastric Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans

Background: Gastric cancer is the most highly prevalent cancer among Korean Americans, occurring at a higher rate than among other Asian Americans and non-Latino Whites. However, little is known about the culturally specific barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore facilitators of and barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans. Methods: In this qualitative focus group study, a convenience sample of 50 Korean Americans aged 21 to 75 years was recruited from the Puget Sound area of Washington with the assistance of Korean churches. Five focus groups of 6 to 8 and 1 focus group of 13 were conducted in a church, a café, and an apartment community center. The focus group discussions lasted approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Facilitators included exposure to Korean media, history and prevalence of gastric problems, perceptions concerning positive aspects of the healthcare system in South Korea, physician recommendations, technology, and church health fair. Barriers included a lack of knowledge, finance/lack of health insurance, fear of test results, perceptions of an inconvenient American healthcare system, a lack of knowledge of American healthcare providers on culturally related health risks, a dislike of medical procedures, and no preventive measures. Conclusions: Sociocultural facilitators and barriers add new knowledge in a field with scarce information available. Implications for Practice: The study findings lay the groundwork for developing culturally relevant interventions that enhance healthcare providers’ awareness while empowering Korean Americans to prevent gastric cancer.
Reversal of a virtual lesion in human pharyngeal motor cortex by high frequency contralesional brain stimulation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Excitatory brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a treatment for dysphagia after stroke. Moreover, 1-Hz rTMS can induce a "virtual lesion" in the human pharyngeal motor cortex that suppresses brain activity and temporarily disrupts swallowing. We thus examined if rTMS could reverse the disrupted brain and swallowing functions following a unilateral virtual lesion in the pharyngeal motor cortex, such that rTMS might be developed as a therapy. METHODS Healthy subjects (n = 23) were given varying conditions of 5-Hz rTMS over the pharyngeal motor cortex to determine the most effective excitatory parameters. Thereafter, a unilateral virtual lesion was made in the pharyngeal motor cortex using 1-Hz rTMS, followed by contralateral active or sham 5-Hz rTMS. Motor evoked potentials and serial swallowing reaction times were recorded before and for 60 minutes postlesion to assess reversibility of the disruption to the brain and swallowing. RESULTS The greatest increase in pharyngeal motor cortex excitability was seen following 250 pulses of 5-Hz rTMS (F(1,11) = 10.3, P = . 008), an effect that lasted over 2 hours. In contrast to sham rTMS, active contralateral 5-Hz rTMS completely abolished the cortical suppression induced by the virtual lesion, with effects occurring for up to 50 minutes in both unlesioned (F(1,11) = 6, P = . 03) and lesioned (F(1,11) = 67, P < . 001) hemispheres. Active rTMS also reversed the changes in swallowing behavior (F(1,8) = 9, P = . 018), restoring function to prelesional levels. CONCLUSIONS Contralesional-targeted neurostimulation modulates brain activity and swallowing motor behavior after experimental disruption and might be usefully applied in stroke-affected patients as a therapy for dysphagia.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Localized Dynamic Changes in Cortical Blood Flow with Whisker Stimulation Corresponds to Matched Vascular and Neuronal Architecture of Rat Barrels

The hypothesis that functional groups of neu­ rons in whisker barrels are linked to a modular organiza­ tion of cortical vessels was tested. Endovascular casts demonstrated cortical capillary networks resembling the whisker barrel pattern that were fed from the middle ce­ rebral artery. In histological sections, dense capillaries apparently were confined to single barrels and were sup­ plied by one or a few penetrating arterioles. The barrel field in cortical layer IV was localized in relation to sur­ face arteriovenous patterns. Living vessels were imaged through a closed cranial window under anesthesia with a fluorescence microscope and SIT or ICCD cameras. Af­ ter intracarotid injections of fluorescein isothiocyanate-Over a century ago , Roy and Sherrington (1890) suggested that regional blood flow in the brain var­ ies with neural activity. Recently, Fox and Raichle (1986) used positron emission tomography (PET) scanning detects a 30% increase in regional blood flow in the appropriate part of the contralateral postcentral gyrus with a continuous vibratory stim­ ulus to the hand in normal human volunteers. Spa­ tial and temporal resolution of PET is limited by the structural heterogeneity of the head , the character­ istics of the detectors, and the properties of the ra­ dioisotopes. Ngai et al. (1988) showed that electri­ cal stimulation of the rat sciatic nerve dilates ves-899 dextrans, saline, or 3 ILm latex beads, changes in arteri­ olar diameter, arteriovenous transit times (AVTTs), and bead velocities were measured. When row C whiskers were stroked at 4-5 Hz for 1 min, blood flow increased in arterioles that supplied contralateral row C barrels as demonstrated by postmortem histology. A VTTs slowed significantly in vessels supplying adjacent cortex. We hy­ pothesize that cerebral vascular units supply individual whisker barrels and are functionally linked to them for precise focal regulation of cerebral blood flow. sels supplying hind limb cortex within 10 s. From this work , it is clear that the lissencephalic cortex of the rodent offers advantages for study of the dy­ namic regulation of blood flow directly. We are investigating the link between natural stimulation , consequent changes in cerebral blood flow, and the underlying neural and vascular appa­ ratus. Here we present new anatomical and quali­ tative blood flow observations that emphasize nor­ mal relationships between cortical neurons and their blood supply. The model we developed is in the rat barrel cortex (Welker and Woolsey, 1974; Welker , 1976). The rat's whiskers …
Cuban and Afro-Caribbean immigrants: an analysis of educational attainment and assimilation in the USA

Using the children of immigrants longitudinal study, this research focuses on the extent to which race, class and gender are related to the educational attainment and upward mobility of second-generation Caribbean immigrants within the USA. I employ the classical and contemporary assimilation models as the theoretical framework to explain the degree to which Caribbean immigrants are attaining college degrees or higher within the dominant culture. Research findings indicate that though there is no difference between males and females in educational attainment among the second-generation Caribbean immigrant population, racial and ethnic self-identity and parents’ socio-economic status are significantly related to the academic achievement of these immigrants during young adulthood. This research further illustrates that discrimination is not significantly related to the educational attainment and the subsequent upward mobility of second-generation Caribbean immigrants; even though the respondents indicate that they have in fact been exposed to racial and ethnic discrimination within the USA. These results subsequently challenge the segmented assimilation model which argues that the new wave of immigrants is likely to experience downward assimilation due to the colour of their skin, which successively leads to their inability to integrate into white middle-class America.