Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of BMY-28864, a water-soluble pradimicin derivative

BMY-28864, a water-soluble pradimicin derivative, had potent in vitro activity against a wide variety of fungi, including those associated with deep-seated mycosis; it inhibited the growth of standard strains and clinical isolates at concentrations of 12.5 micrograms/ml or less. At the MIC or higher concentrations, BMY-28864 was fungicidal for Candida albicans under both growing and nongrowing conditions. BMY-28864 expressed fungicidal activity only in the presence of Ca2+, and its activity was totally diminished when ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca2+ chelator, was added to the test medium. The effectiveness of intravenously administered BMY-28864 in vivo was examined and compared with that of amphotericin B in mouse models of fungal infections. Both normal and cyclophosphamide-treated immunosuppressed mice infected with C. albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, or Aspergillus fumigatus responded to therapy with BMY-28864 (50% protective doses of 17, 18, and 37 mg/kg of body weight in normal mice and of 32, 35, and 51 mg/kg in cyclophosphamide-treated mice, respectively). Lethal lung infections were also established with C. albicans or A. fumigatus in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The 50% protective doses of BMY-28864 were 15 and 23 mg/kg per dose against C. albicans and A. fumigatus, respectively. The immunosuppression induced by intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg of cyclophosphamide per kg lasted for 5 days, and total recovery was observed by day 7.
Power cycling test with power generated by an adjustable part of switching losses

In standard power cycling tests, forward conduction generates heat in the die and therefore the ther-momechanical stress in the package. In application, however, a significant part of the power losses are switching losses, so that the load current is lower than in standard power cycling test, for an equal temperature swing. A new concept for power cycling tests is presented, which allows the generation of switching losses in addition to conduction losses. This concept closer to the real application. The circuit still uses a low voltage power source, while maintaining an accurate measurement of the virtual junction temperature. First test results of IGBTs in standard module technology and SiC MOSFETs in discrete TO-247 housing indicate no significant difference in results from standard power cycling tests. The new method was successfully applied to low voltage Si MOSFETs, which is for the first time applied to such a power cycling test under conditions where switching losses dominate.
The effects of ERP systems implementation on management accounting in Iranian organizations

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to study the effects of enterprise resource planning (ERP) on management accounting in Iranian organizations. Preparing and offering different reports and budgets remain important activities for accountants, and directly implementing ERP systems improves the quality of these reports through real-time data transfer. Design/methodology/approach – The research methods used in this paper are descriptive surveys with questionnaires and interviews as the main data collection tools. Statistical population comprises every organization which has implemented an ERP system with financial/accounting modules. The participating 12 organizations were selected based on consultation with experts, and a seven-item Likert questionnaire was prepared and its validity approved and used to collect data. The t-test and Friedman test were applied to assess the hypotheses and rank parameters. Findings – Results revealed that the highest effects of implementing an ERP in surveyed Iranian organizations are improving standard levels and the quality of reports, creating more organizational integration and empowering personnel. Research limitations/implications – As the implementation of ERP in Iran is still in its initial phases and the sample is restricted to only four organizations, when considering the generalizability of the obtained results, caution should be taken. Originality/value – This research is among the few studies on the effects of ERP implementation on accounting management departments, particularly in the context of Iran.
Differential prognostic impact of hypoxia induced and diffuse HIF-1α expression in invasive breast cancer

Background: Intratumorous hypoxia triggers a broad cellular response mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1α concentrations increase during breast carcinogenesis, and are associated with poor prognosis. An earlier study noted two HIF-1α overexpression patterns: diffuse scattered throughout the tissue and confined to perinecrotic cells. Aims: To investigate the prognostic impact of these different HIF-1α overexpression patterns in relation to its downstream effectors carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1). Methods: HIF-1α, CA IX, and GLUT-1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, including double staining for CA IX and HIF-1α. Clinical data included disease free survival, lymph node status, and tumour size. Results: HIF-1α overexpression (44% of cases) had a perinecrotic (13.5%) or diffuse staining pattern (30.5%). CA IX expression was detectable in 12.5% of breast cancers, whereas GLUT-1 expression was seen in 29%, with both showing perinecrotic membrane staining. Perinecrotic HIF-1α overexpression was highly associated with CA IX and GLUT-1 overexpression, and double staining for HIF-1α and CA IX showed strong expression in the same cells. Diffusely overexpressed HIF-1α was not associated with CA IX or GLUT-1 expression. Patients with diffuse HIF-1α staining had a significantly better prognosis than patients with perinecrotically overexpressed HIF-1α. Conclusions: Different regulation pathways of HIF-1α overexpression exist in breast cancer: (1) hypoxia induced, perinecrotic HIF-1α overexpression with strong expression of hypoxia associated genes (CA IX and GLUT-1), which is associated with a poor prognosis; and (2) diffuse HIF-1α overexpression lacking major hypoxia associated downstream effects, resulting in a more favourable prognosis.
Environmental Education in the United States: A Survey of Preservice Teacher Education Programs

Abstract The status of the environmental education component of preservice teacher education programs is unknown nationally. This study surveyed 715 institutions of teacher education using a mail questionnaire. The response rate was approximately 63%. The results indicate that most schools have few requirements related to environmental education, and in the majority of schools environmental education is not institutionalized.
Superiority of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil-leucovorin compared with either therapy alone in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after irinotecan and fluorouracil-leucovorin: interim results of a phase III trial.

PURPOSE In North America, no effective therapy has been available for patients with progressive metastatic colorectal cancer after front-line treatment with irinotecan, bolus fluorouracil (FU), and leucovorin (IFL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who progressed after IFL therapy were randomly assigned to bolus and infusional FU and leucovorin (LV5FU2), single-agent oxaliplatin, or the combination (FOLFOX4). This planned interim analysis evaluated objective response rate (RR), time to tumor progression (TTP), and alleviation of tumor-related symptoms (TRS) in an initial cohort of patients. RESULTS Between November 2000 and September 2001, 463 patients from 120 sites in North America were randomly assigned to treatment. FOLFOX4 proved superior to LV5FU2 in all measures of clinical efficacy. Objective RRs determined by an independent radiology panel were 9.9% for FOLFOX4 versus 0% for LV5FU2 (Fisher's exact test, P <.0001). Median TTP was 4.6 months for FOLFOX4 versus 2.7 months for LV5FU2 (two-sided, stratified log-rank test, P <.0001). Relief of TRS occurred in 33% of patients treated with FOLFOX4 versus 12% of patients treated with LVFU2 (chi2 test, P <.001). Single-agent oxaliplatin was not superior to LV5FU2 in any measure of efficacy. Patients treated with FOLFOX4 experienced a higher incidence of clinically significant toxicities than patients treated with LV5FU2, but these toxicities were predictable and did not result in a higher rate of treatment discontinuation or 60-day mortality rate. CONCLUSION For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, second-line treatment with FOLFOX4 is superior to treatment with LVFU2 in terms of RR, TTP, and relief of TRS.
Investigating user needs for non-driving-related activities during automated driving

In this paper, we investigate which non-driving-related activities drivers want to perform while driving highly or fully automated. Beyond the available advanced driving assistance functions, we expect that highly automated driving will soon be available in production vehicles. While many technological aspects have been investigated, it is not yet clear (a) which activities the drivers want to perform once they do not have to steer or monitor their car any more and (b) which of those will be feasible. In contrast to prior (survey-based) research, we investigate the driver's needs for such activities by employing a combination of a web survey, in-situ observations, and an in-situ survey. Also, we have a look at the specific requirements of the European / German market in contrast to prior research conducted mostly for English-speaking countries. The findings indicate that besides traditional activities (talking to passengers, listening to music), daydreaming, writing text messages, eating and drinking, browsing the Internet, and calling are most wanted for highly automated driving. This shows the potential for mobile and ubiquitous multimedia applications in the car.
Exodus?: Some social and policy implications of return migration from the UK to the commonwealth Caribbean in the 1990s

Abstract This paper is concerned with the process of return migration from Britain to the Commonwealth Caribbean in the 1990s. The volume of return shows that the desire of Caribbean immigrants eventually to re‐settle in the lands of their births is being partly realised. But the notion of ‘return’ must be widely understood, because the process includes offspring and spouses who were not bom in the region and are, therefore, first‐time migrants. Moreover, both the migration and return experience have made and are continuing to make a significant contribution to Caribbean integration because the British destination and the different points of return provide opportunities for the people of the region to meet and establish new family relationships and identities. Financial contributions made by returnees, particularly pensioners and early retirees, are of particular relevance to island economies such as that of Jamaica. This paper suggests that the problems and opportunities generated by this dynamic cross‐A.
Germ-line p53-targeted disruption inhibits helicobacter-induced premalignant lesions and invasive gastric carcinoma through down-regulation of Th1 proinflammatory responses.

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in many human malignancies, including gastric cancer. It remains unclear why patients with germ-line p53 mutations (i.e., Li-Fraumeni syndrome) are not at increased risk for gastric adenocarcinoma, despite the fact that they show a high rate of many other tumors. Furthermore, the precise relationship between germ-line p53 mutations and the response to chronic bacterial infections (such as Helicobacter spp.) has not been investigated. To assess the role of germ-line p53 deletions in modulating the progression to gastric cancer, p53(+/-) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. felis. The gastric pathology and immune response in these two groups of mice were analyzed for up to 15 months postinfection. The gastric fundus and antrum were evaluated independently using a 0-4 scale to score inflammation, parietal and chief cell loss, mucus metaplasia, and helicobacter colonization. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed to determine the effects of p53(+/-), infection status, and postinoculation (p.i.) time on inflammation, preneoplastic changes, invasive lesions, and helicobacter colonization. mRNA expression for gammaIFN, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, and IL-4 was quantified by PCR. Sera were also evaluated for H. felis antibody by ELISA. Antral inflammation increased significantly with time in infected mice. There was a significant, protective effect on the development of preneoplastic fundic lesions and invasive carcinoma attributable to the deletion of one p53 allele (P < 0.05). Submucosal invasive foci were observed in 9 of 11 WT-infected mice ranging from 13 to 15 months p.i. ; invasion of adjacent submucosal blood vessels by glandular epithelia also was present in 5 of these mice. None of these lesions were observed in 33 p53(+/-) mice, infected or not, at any time p.i. p53(+/-) mice had significantly higher helicobacter colonization consistent with a Th2 host response. In sera from WT mice, IgG2a, considered a proinflammatory Th1 response, continued to rise throughout the 15-month study (P < 0.004). In contrast, IgG2a levels of the p53(+/-) mice were 50-60% lower than those of the WT mice at each time point (P range, <0.012 to 0.002) and did not progress in magnitude between 12 and 15 months of chronic H. felis infection (P = 0.167). mRNA levels for gammaIFN and IL-1 were significantly up-regulated in WT mice infected with H. felis (P < 0.05) but were slightly elevated or were at background levels in p53(+/-) mice. IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA expression was not significantly different from control samples. Our results support the hypothesis that germ-line deletion of one p53 allele results in a down-regulated Th1 response to gastric helicobacter infection, possibly because of T-cell senescence, which may indirectly protect against the development of gastric cancer and other epithelial-derived neoplasms associated with chronic inflammation.
Extending the Concept of Control Beliefs: Integrating the Role of Advice Networks

Although control beliefs (CBs) can represent many different types of controls, information systems researchers have focused primarily on CBs related to technical compatibility, resource availability, and computer self-efficacy. More recent research has recognized that co-worker advice, which represents situated and improvised learning, can also be an important factor that can enable or impede system use. In addition, because advice from co-workers represents the social context by which the impacts of other traditional CBs are embedded, they may have the potential to alter the relationships between traditional CBs and system use. Against this backdrop, we examined the direct effects of CBs about advice from co-workers on system use as well as its ability to moderate the effects of other types of CBs on system use. To accomplish this, we conducted a three-month study of 112 employees in one business unit of an organization. Results supported our hypotheses that CBs about advice from co-workers directly infl.
A customizable railway benchmark to deal with fault diagnosis issues in DES

This paper aims to develop a suite of customizable Petri net benchmarks to deal with various issues pertaining to fault diagnosis in discrete event systems. As reported in previous studies, the existing benchmarks generally characterize some of the numerous issues concerning fault diagnosis. This satisfies a specific case study, whereas it may constitute a barrier when performing comparative analysis between different approaches. In order to bridge this gap, we propose to develop a suite of benchmarks based on the same case study, while covering a wide spectrum of diagnosis issues, namely diagnosability according to the original definition, K-diagnosability, diagnosability under fairness conditions, of intermittent faults and in timed context. The benchmark elaborated, based on a level crossing case study, can be enlarged to deal with the combinatorial explosion problem. In addition, it can be extended to integrate additional features. A software tool is provided to generate benchmarks, according to the target issues one seeks to tackle, and the desired size of the model.
Plasma P-selectin Predicts Long-term Cardiovascular Events in Hospitalized Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Function: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study

Background: A variety of biomarkers have been investigated on their values to predict cardiovascular outcomes, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, troponin-I (TnI), and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel). By a design of head-to-head comparison, this study sought to figure out the long-term prognostic values of these parameters in patients hospitalized with suspected coronary artery disease. Methods: A total of 170 patients hospitalized with suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled and followed up for an average of 10 years. sP-sel, hs-CRP, TnI, and fibrinogen levels were measured. During the follow-up period, cardiac events were recorded including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and acute coronary syndromes with hospitalization. Results: For all 170 patients, with a median follow-up time of 9.86 ± 3.87 years, no parameter was able to significantly predict the occurrence of cardiac events. In subgroup analysis, an sP-sel of ≥ 63.5 ng/ml significantly predicted the development of all composite cardiac events only in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction > 50% (n = 94, p = 0.04). However, the levels of hs-CRP, TnI, and fibrinogen did not have significant predictive values. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated the independent predictive value of sP-sel on all cardiac events (hazard ratio = 5.82, p = 0.02). All parameters, including sP-sel, could not demonstrate prognostic values in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50% (n = 76). Conclusions: In this 10-year long-term follow-up study, sP-sel was demonstrated to have prognostic values in predicting the cardiac events in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function.
Endogenous Ligands for TLR2 and TLR4 Are Not Involved in Renal Injury following Ureteric Obstruction

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a recently described arm of innate immunity. As well as responding to conserved molecular patterns found on pathogens, TLRs can also respond to endogenous ligands. Those described for TLR2 and TLR4 include molecules released following tissue injury including heat shock proteins and matrix proteins. We hypothesised that following injury, TLRs on renal tubular cells are activated by these endogenous ligands, resulting in cytokine production and cellular infiltration which propagate the fibrotic process. Methods: We performed unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) in wild-type C57BL/6, TLR2 knockout and TLR4 knockout mice. Gene expression of TGF-β and TNF-α within renal tissue was analysed by real-time PCR. Kidneys were also scored for the level of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, collagen type IV deposition and macrophage infiltration. Results: No significant difference was found in the degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, collagen type IV deposition or macrophage infiltration 14 days after UUO between the 3 groups. Renal TNF-α and TGF-β gene expression was also similar in all groups 3 days after UUO. Conclusions: TLR2 and TLR4 do not play a significant role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis following obstruction.
Moral Reasoning, Academic Dishonesty, and Business Students.

This study links moral reasoning, academic dishonesty, and business students. Undergraduate business students (N = 1357) from eight Ontario (Canada) universities responded to a survey to express their perceptions and expectations of their academic environment and the variables that can help them to understand what is morally right and what is morally wrong. Results revealed these emerging adults welcome some moral guidance but they are not inclined to encumber themselves with too many rules. Their main expectations revolve around self-confidence, independence of thought and action, acceptance of responsibility for themselves, and what academic dishonesty involves. The authors discuss these findings in the context of moral development of emerging adults who are challenged to achieve identity coherence and ethical judgment. For their part, business schools have the obligation to offer enriching academic experiences and train values - based leaders without preaching ‘morality’.
The Role of Communication in Interindividual-Intergroup Discontinuity

The present research was designed to explore the role of communication on interindividual-intergroup discontinuity in the context of the PDG-Alt matrix. (The PDG-Alt matrix is a prisoner's dilemma game matrix that adds a third withdrawal choice to the usual cooperative and uncooperative choices of the PDG matrix, and interindividual-intergroup discontinuity is the tendency of intergroup relations to be more competitive and less cooperative than interindividual relations.) Several predictions implied by the fear and greed explanations of interindividual-intergroup discontinuity were tested. One prediction, an implication of the fear hypothesis, is that communication should produce a larger increase in the cooperation of individuals than of groups. This prediction is based partially on the assumption that the outgroup schema, which leads to more fear of groups than of individuals, should reduce the credibility of between group communication. Given, however, that without communication individuals may not cooperate, what will they do? Will they withdraw or will they compete? Another prediction, an implication of the greed hypothesis, is that the absence of communication should result in a greater increase in withdrawal for individuals than for groups. This prediction is based partially on the assumption that the social support provided to fellow group members for self-interested competitiveness is absent for individuals. These predictions were confirmed. It was argued that the lesser tendency of individuals to cooperate when there is no communication with the opponent may explain partially the differing results of past discontinuity research (which has involved communication) and research reported in the PDG literature (which typically has not involved communication).
HIV: awareness of management of occupational exposure in health care workers.

BACKGROUND There is need for safe working environment in both government and private hospitals for the safety of health-care workers (HCWs). The present study was conducted to know the present knowledge regarding occupational exposure to HIV amongst doctors in non-governmental hospitals and clinics across Delhi. METHODS Seventy doctors from different medical and surgical specialties in various non-government hospitals/nursing homes in Delhi were given a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Majority of them have suffered needle stick injuries. Many had also experienced splash over face, eyes. Some participants were still recapping needles most of times. 85.7% of participants were fully vaccinated for hepatitis B. 44.2% didn't know if they were responders to hepatitis B vaccine or not. Most of them didn't report the needle stick injuries. In majorities of incidents source patient was not tested for blood born infections. Many of participants were not aware of post exposure prophylactic measures to be taken if there is an occupational exposure to the blood of HIV positive patient. Awareness that drugs for postexposure prophylaxis are to be started immediately was low (36%). CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the low awareness of postexposure prophylaxis measures amongst HCWs. Many HCWs were also not aware if they were responders to hepatitis B vaccine or not. Most of the needle stick injuries were neither reported nor investigated.