Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School and Pupil Effects on Secondary Pupils’ Feelings of Safety in School, Around School, and at Home

In line with fear of crime research, schools should be secure places where pupils feel safe in order to function well. Various types of risk and promotive variables at school and pupil level may differently influence a pupil’s feelings of safety in school, the school surroundings, and at home. The aim is to elaborate and test a theoretical two-level model on risk and promotive variables by using national data from an Internet-based survey in all types of Dutch secondary education. The cross-sectional research involves 71,560 pupils from 185 schools. Confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis including latent variables are used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that school size, pupil attainment level in education, and intactness of a pupil’s family have positive effects on a pupil’s feelings of safety in and around school and at home; overall negative effects concern the school’s curricular differentiation and a pupil’s playing truant and not feeling most at home in the Netherlands. A school’s social, teaching, and instructional qualities and a pupil’s being older, being a boy, and being baptized positively affect the feelings of safety in and around school. A school’s safety policy and rules of conduct have no effects. Attending a church or mosque has negative effects on a pupil’s feelings of safety around school and at home. The findings confirm part of the two-level model. The Internet-based data collection and feedback procedure enable each school to longitudinally assess and evaluate own results at school level; in addition, cross-sectional comparison of school results with national benchmarks is possible.
A modified longest side bisection triangulation

Fast and efficient exploration of large terrains in a virtual reality manner requires different levels of detail to speedup processing of terrain parts in background. Thus, the triangulation refinement problem has become an important issue in processing terrain data. The longest side bisection of triangles is one possible way to subdivide a triangle in a couple of subtriangles. In the larger context of triangulations, this subdivision can be seen as an approach of the triangulation refinement problem. This particular triangulation refinement yields a strong hierarchical triangulation, which itself is an approach of a multiresolution model for terrain surfaces. In its pure form, the longest side bisection of a triangle (assume is a smallest angle in ) and its descendants only produces triangles whose smallest angles are always greater or equal to . In this paper we show that with a small modification, the lower bound on the smallest angles can be increased to , without increasing the total number of subtriangles produced in two consecutive refinement steps. Even the new vertices inserted in the triangulation are exactly the same.
Corticosteroids for the prevention of reintubation and postextubation stridor in pediatric patients: A meta-analysis*

Objective To determine whether corticosteroids are effective in preventing or treating postextubation stridor and in reducing the need for subsequent reintubation of the trachea in critically ill infants and children. Design Meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials. Data Sources References of each trial from a MEDLINE search were reviewed, and experts in the field were contacted. Study Selection Any randomized controlled trial comparing the administration of corticosteroids with placebo on the prevalence of reintubation or postextubation stridor in infants or children receiving mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube in an intensive care unit. Data Extraction Data extraction and methodologic quality assessment were assessed independently by two reviewers. Data Synthesis Six controlled clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion; three trials pertain to neonates and three to children. Five trials examined the use of steroids for the prevention of reintubation (four of these evaluated postextubation stridor specifically); one trial examined the use of steroids to treat existing postextubation stridor in children. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a decreased rate of reintubation in all subjects when prophylactic steroids were used (n = 376, relative risk [RR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–2.33). Prophylactic use of steroids reduced postextubation stridor in the pooled studies (n = 325, RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28–0.88). In young children, there were significant reductions of postextubation stridor with preventive treatment (n = 216, RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.28–0.97), and a trend toward less stridor was observed in neonates (n = 109, RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.07–2.32). There was a nonsignificant trend toward a reduced reintubation rate when steroids were used to treat existing upper airway obstruction requiring reintubation (RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.17–1.78). Side effects were seldom reported and could not be evaluated. Conclusions Prophylactic administration of dexamethasone before elective extubation reduces the prevalence of postextubation stridor in neonates and children and may reduce the rate of reintubation.
Functional mapping of the interaction between TDP-43 and hnRNP A2 in vivo

Nuclear factor TDP-43 has been reported to play multiple roles in transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA stability and mRNA transport. From a structural point of view, TDP-43 is a member of the hnRNP protein family whose structure includes two RRM domains flanked by the N-terminus and C-terminal regions. Like many members of this family, the C-terminal region can interact with cellular factors and thus serve to modulate its function. Previously, we have described that TDP-43 binds to several members of the hnRNP A/B family through this region. In this work, we set up a coupled minigene/siRNA cellular system that allows us to obtain in vivo data to address the functional significance of TDP-43-recruited hnRNP complex formation. Using this method, we have finely mapped the interaction between TDP-43 and the hnRNP A2 protein to the region comprised between amino acid residues 321 and 366. Our results provide novel details of protein–protein interactions in splicing regulation. In addition, we provide further insight on TDP-43 functional properties, particularly the lack of effects, as seen with our assays, of the disease-associated mutations that fall within the TDP-43 321-366 region: Q331K, M337V and G348C.
A Model for the Self-Organization of Vesicular Flux and Protein Distributions in the Golgi Apparatus

The generation of two non-identical membrane compartments via exchange of vesicles is considered to require two types of vesicles specified by distinct cytosolic coats that selectively recruit cargo, and two membrane-bound SNARE pairs that specify fusion and differ in their affinities for each type of vesicles. The mammalian Golgi complex is composed of 6–8 non-identical cisternae that undergo gradual maturation and replacement yet features only two SNARE pairs. We present a model that explains how distinct composition of Golgi cisternae can be generated with two and even a single SNARE pair and one vesicle coat. A decay of active SNARE concentration in aging cisternae provides the seed for a cis trans SNARE gradient that generates the predominantly retrograde vesicle flux which further enhances the gradient. This flux in turn yields the observed inhomogeneous steady-state distribution of Golgi enzymes, which compete with each other and with the SNAREs for incorporation into transport vesicles. We show analytically that the steady state SNARE concentration decays exponentially with the cisterna number. Numerical solutions of rate equations reproduce the experimentally observed SNARE gradients, overlapping enzyme peaks in cis, medial and trans and the reported change in vesicle nature across the Golgi: Vesicles originating from younger cisternae mostly contain Golgi enzymes and SNAREs enriched in these cisternae and extensively recycle through the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), while the other subpopulation of vesicles contains Golgi proteins prevalent in older cisternae and hardly reaches the ER.
In vitro measurement accuracy of an electronic apex locator in teeth with simulated apical root resorption.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX apex locator to determine the working length in teeth with simulated apical root resorption. Fifty extracted, single-rooted, human teeth with mature apices were used in this study. An irregular cavity defect was drilled at the apex of each tooth simulating an apical root resorption. Three operators used the Root ZX to measure the working lengths, comparing the electronic readings with the direct visual measurements. The Root ZX was 62.7%, 94.0%, and 100.0% accurate to within 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm of the direct visual measurements, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between operator A and B and A and C (p < 0.01), but no significant differences were detected between operator B and C (p > 0.01).
Novel Biologic Therapies for Thymic Epithelial Tumors

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are comprised of a spectrum of histologically distinct tumors that also exhibit differences at the molecular level (1). Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but locally advanced and metastatic TETs can be inoperable and are associated with worse survival (2). Although multi-agent chemotherapy is associated with objective response rates (ORR) of 50–90% in the front-line setting [e.g., cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CAP) (3), doxorubicin, cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (ADOC) (4)], no standard systemic treatments exist for relapsed or refractory TETs. Several biological agents have been evaluated in TETs in small phase II trials as illustrated in Table ​Table11. Table 1 Published biological therapies in TETs.
Physicians’ Knowledge of the Glasgow Coma Scale in a Nigerian University Hospital: Is the Simple GCS Still Too Complex?

Objective: The Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS, is a universal clinical means of quantifying the level of impaired consciousness. Although physicians usually receive undergraduate and postgraduate training in the use of this scale in our university hospital we are aware of studies suggesting that the working knowledge of the GCS among practising physicians might not be adequate. Methods: We carried out a questionnaire-based survey across all specialties and levels of training of physicians in active patient care in a Nigerian university hospital. Results: Of the 100 physicians sampled, 98 correctly spelled out what the three-letter abbreviation, GCS, stands for. Ninety-three percent also conceded it to be an important clinical rating scale. However, only 55–89% of the participants correctly identified the three respective clinical variables, (eye opening, verbal response, and motor response), of the GCS. More particularly, the participants’ ability to itemize and correctly score all the respective components of each of the three clinical variables ranged from 0 to 35% across specialties and levels of training. Performance was best for the four-item eye opening variable and, worst for the six-item motor response variable. Conclusion: In our university hospital, practising physicians’ working knowledge of the GCS is inadequate and is dependent on the degree of the complexity of each of the three clinical variables of the scale.
An essential role of virus-infected B cells in the marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model

Infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with an enhanced risk of genetically susceptible individuals to develop multiple sclerosis (MS). However, an explanation for the contrast between the high EBV infection prevalence (60–90%) and the low MS prevalence (0.1%) eludes us. Here we propose a new concept for the EBV–MS association developed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in marmoset monkeys, which are naturally infected with the EBV-related γ1-herpesvirus CalHV3. The data indicate that the infection of B cells with a γ1-herpesvirus endows them with the capacity to activate auto-aggressive CD8+ T cells specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
Availability of endovascular therapies for cerebrovascular disease at primary stroke centers

Background Endovascular therapies (EVTs) are useful for treating cerebrovascular disease. There are few data about the availability of such services at primary stroke centers (PSCs). Our hypothesis was that some of these services may be available at some PSCs. Methods We conducted an internet-based survey of hospitals certified as PSCs by the Joint Commission. The survey inquired about EVTs such as intra-arterial (IA) lytics, IA mechanical clot removal, coiling of aneurysms, and cervical arterial stenting, physician training, coverage models, hospital type, and outcomes. Chi-square analyses were used to detect differences between academic and community PSCs. Results Data were available from 352 PSCs, of which 75% were community hospitals, 23% academic medical centers, and 80% were non-profit; almost half (48%) see 300 or more patients annually with ischemic stroke. A majority (60%) provided some or all EVTs on site, while 29% had none on site and no plans to add them. Among the respondents offering EVTs, 95% offered stenting of neck vessels, 86% IA lytics, 80% IA mechanical, and 74% aneurysm coiling. The majority (>55%) that did offer such services provided them 24/7/365. Most endovascular coverage was provided by interventional neuroradiologists (60%), fellowship trained endovascular neurosurgeons (42%), and interventional radiologists (41%). The majority of hospitals (81%) did not participate in an audited national registry. Conclusions A variety of EVT services are offered at many PSCs by interventionalists with diverse types of training. The availability of such services is clinically relevant now with the proven efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke.
Auditory-Processing Malleability

Auditory processing forms the basis of humans' ability to engage in complex behaviors such as understanding spoken language or playing a musical instrument. Auditory processing is not a rigid, encapsulated process; rather, it interacts intimately with other neural systems and is affected by experience, environmental influences, and active training. Auditory processing is related to language and cognitive function, and impaired auditory processing negatively affects the quality of life of many people. Recent studies suggest that the malleability of the auditory system may be used to study the interaction between sensory and cognitive processes and to enhance human well-being.
Incidence of inguinal hernia after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of inguinal hernia following radical prostatectomy, we compared the incidence of inguinal hernia after open retropubic radical prostatectomy with the laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomies, and with control groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included all original articles investigating patients treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer and reporting data on inguinal hernia incidence. PubMed and EMBASE were searched on 28 February 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted as a weighted and pooled estimate of the incidence of inguinal hernia. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized clinical trials. RESULTS We included 54 studies with a total of 101,687 patients. The estimated incidence of inguinal hernia after open retropubic radical prostatectomy was 13.7% (95% CI = 12.0-15.4%), 7.5% (5.2-9.8%) after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, and 7.9% (5.0-10.9%) after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. In studies comparing incidence of inguinal hernia after open prostatectomy versus no treatment, the incidence was significantly higher in the radical prostatectomy group 11.7% (95% CI = 9.2-14.2%) vs. 3.3% (2.0-4.6%). Two out of three studies reported a significantly higher incidence after laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, when compared with a control group. Most studies exploring intraoperative inguinal hernia prevention techniques found a significantly lower inguinal hernia incidence in the experimental group. The inguinal hernias that developed after radical prostatectomy were primarily indirect 81.9% (95% CI = 75.3-88.4%). CONCLUSION We found a high incidence of inguinal hernia following radical prostatectomy, and hernias were primarily of the indirect type. The highest incidence of inguinal hernia was found after open radical prostatectomy, followed by laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. There was no significant difference between the laparoscopic and robot-assisted groups. The incidence of inguinal hernia was significantly higher after open radical prostatectomy compared with control groups, with some evidence to support the same for the laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches. Promising results have been reported in studies investigating intraoperative prophylactic surgical techniques to reduce the postoperative incidence of inguinal hernia.
Major histocompatibility complex class II compatibility, but not class I, predicts mate choice in a bird with highly developed olfaction

Mate choice for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) compatibility has been found in several taxa, although rarely in birds. MHC is a crucial component in adaptive immunity and by choosing an MHC-dissimilar partner, heterozygosity and potentially broad pathogen resistance is maximized in the offspring. The MHC genotype influences odour cues and preferences in mammals and fish and hence olfactory-based mate choice can occur. We tested whether blue petrels, Halobaena caerulea, choose partners based on MHC compatibility. This bird is long-lived, monogamous and can discriminate between individual odours using olfaction, which makes it exceptionally well suited for this analysis. We screened MHC class I and II B alleles in blue petrels using 454-pyrosequencing and quantified the phylogenetic, functional and allele-sharing similarity between individuals. Partners were functionally more dissimilar at the MHC class II B loci than expected from random mating (p = 0.033), whereas there was no such difference at the MHC class I loci. Phylogenetic and non-sequence-based MHC allele-sharing measures detected no MHC dissimilarity between partners for either MHC class I or II B. Our study provides evidence of mate choice for MHC compatibility in a bird with a high dependency on odour cues, suggesting that MHC odour-mediated mate choice occurs in birds.
Title Effectiveness of Indonesian Honey on the Acceleration of CutaneousWound Healing : An Experimental Study in Mice

The purpose to investigate the effectiveness of Indonesian honey in wound healing in comparison with Tegaderm hydrocolloid dressing and Manuka honey. Three groups of male mice were treated to produce two circular full-thickness skin wounds on the dorsum. They were then randomly allocated to receive daily Indonesian honey, Manuka honey or hydrocolloid as a control for treatment application. Macroscopic findings were observed from day 0 to 14 after wounding. Microscopic findings on days 3, 7, 11 and 14 after wounding were obtained. The ratios of wound areas for honey groups on day 3 were smaller than those of the control group. Wound areas of honey groups gradually decreased to almost the same wound area as the control group on day 14, while the wound area of the control group peaked on day 5 and rapidly decreased until day 14. On day 3, myofibroblasts and new blood capillaries in wound tissue of honey groups were observed, but not in the control group. After day 7, microscopic findings were almost the same among all groups. These results indicate that Indonesian honey is almost as effective for wound healing as Manuka honey and Tegaderm hydrocolloid dressing.
Approximate message passing algorithm for complex separable compressed imaging

We propose the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm for complex separable compressed imaging. The standard formulation of compressed sensing uses one-dimensional signals while images are usually reshaped into such vectors by raster scan, which requires a huge matrix. In separable cases like discrete Fourier transform (DFT), however, sensing processes can be formulated using two moderate size matrices which are multiplied to images from the both sides. We exploit this formulation in our AMP algorithm. Since we suppose DFT for the sensing process, in which measurements are complex, our formulation applies to cases in which both target signals and measurements are complex. We show that the proposed algorithm perfectly reconstructs a 128×128 image, which could not be handled by the raster scan approach on the same computational environment. We also show that the compression rate of the proposed algorithm is mostly same as the so-called weak threshold.
The effect of a web-based depression intervention on suicide ideation: secondary outcome from a randomised controlled trial in a helpline

Objectives The effect of web-based interventions for depression on suicide ideation in callers to helplines is not known. The aim of this study was to determine if web-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) with and without telephone support is effective in reducing suicide ideation in callers to a helpline compared with treatment as usual (TAU). A secondary aim was to examine the factors that predict change in suicide ideation. Putative predictors included level of baseline depression, suicide behaviour, baseline anxiety and type of intervention. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Lifeline, Australia's 24 h telephone counselling service participants: 155 callers to a national helpline service with moderate-to-high psychological distress. Interventions Participants were recruited and randomised to receive either 6 weeks of internet CBT plus weekly telephone follow-up; internet CBT only; weekly telephone follow-up only or a wait-list TAU control group. Primary and secondary outcome measures Suicidal ideation was measured using four items from the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Predictors of change in ideation were tested using logistic regression analysis. Results Regardless of the intervention condition, participants showed significant reductions in suicidal ideation over 12 months (p<0.001). Higher baseline suicidal behaviour decreased the odds of remission of suicidal ideation at postintervention (OR 0.409, p<0.001). However, change in depression over the course of the interventions was associated with improvement in suicide ideation (OR 1.165, p<0.001). Conclusions Suicide ideation declines with and without proactive intervention. Improvements in depression are associated with the resolution of suicide ideation. Specific interventions focusing on suicide ideation should be further investigated. Trial registration Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN93903959.