Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presentational state power: temporal and spatial influences over asylum sector decisionmakers

Previous analyses of forced migration have drawn attention to the increasing discretion held by asylum sector decisionmakers. According to these accounts, as the state reacts to the political risks associated with asylum migration control, responsibility for forced migration management is increasingly transferred onto a range of intermediate actors, between state and society, including local government employees, asylum interviewers, immigration judges and security staff. Yet little research has directly addressed these intermediaries' collective experiences and the influences to which they are subject. The article therefore focuses attention explicitly upon the nominal conduct of this increasingly authorised, discretionary and highly heterogeneous population. Drawing upon 37 interviews across four sites at which asylum sector intermediaries have significant and increasing discretion over asylum seekers' experiences, the findings demonstrate the importance of institutionalised timing and spacing for the determination of their volitional conduct. The timing and spacing of government institutions are important, not only through their influence over asylum seekers directly, but also because they present asylum seekers to those with discretionary authority in ways that are conducive to exclusionary uses of this authority.
VRK1 promotes cisplatin resistance by up-regulating c-MYC via c-Jun activation and serves as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant disease characterized by poor prognosis. Chemoresistance remains a major cause of ESCC relapse. Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) has previously been identified as a cancer-related gene. However, there is little research demonstrating an association between VRK1 and ESCC. In this study, we show that VRK1 is overexpressed in ESCC primary tumor samples and cell lines. VRK1 expression was significantly correlated with clinical characteristics and predicted poor outcomes in ESCC patients. Functionally, knockdown of VRK1 inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion; conversely, VRK1 overexpression produced the opposite effects. Furthermore, we found that up-regulation of VRK1 promoted cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in ESCC both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of VRK1 reduced this resistance. Further studies verified that VRK1 phosphorylated c-Jun and that the VRK1/c-Jun pathway contributed to CDDP resistance in ESCC. Mechanistically, a dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that c-Jun transcriptionally activated the expression of c-MYC. Silencing c-MYC abolished the c-Jun-mediated CDDP resistance of ESCC cells. A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that c-MYC is a potential prognostic factor in ESCC. Finally, luteolin, a VRK1 inhibitor, attenuated the malignant biological behaviors and CDDP resistance in ESCC cells. Collectively, we conclude that VRK1 promotes CDDP resistance through c-MYC by activating c-Jun and potentiating a malignant phenotype in ESCC. Our studies provide novel insight into the role of VRK1 in carcinogenesis and indicate that VRK1 can serve as a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.
I. The Body in Psychoanalysis

The author offers a brief introduction to the theories of Armando Ferrari, highlighting his emphasis on the body, not only as mind's first object, but on the object out of which mind originates. He notes that this notion is the heir to Freud's preoccupation with finding the organic foundation of the mind in the body in which it is rooted, and in the idea of the drives as the expression of emergent psychic functions from the body, whereas instinct is the psychical representative of the stimulus originating from within the organism. Drives are not so much corporeal or psychic as defining the connection between the two realms. He suggests that this distinction became blurred with the tendentious translation of Trieb as ‘instinct’ and, later, as ‘emotion’, with the connotations of mental phenomena detached from the physical; while furthermore, the object relational stance, particularly as promulgated by Klein, suggested that such instincts could only be related to by the infant and become mind having been projected into the breast and then reintrojected. The infant's relationship with his body is thus mediated by the breast in Klein's model, rather than immediate and direct. Thus, whereas Freud always linked the psychosexual development of the infant directly with the emergence of physical desire arising from the erogenous zones, Klein linked the first fantasies (innate unconscious phantasy) with the infant's relationship with the maternal breast which now becomes the infant's first object, and emphasis is placed upon this object rather than on the subject of perception. Therapeutically, this necessitates that it also be placed on the transference. Bion moved away from this model with his emphasis on the proto-mental in which physical and mental remain undifferentiated, so that distress from it as a source can be expressed in either; and in his idea of beta elements (sensational and affective) which are chronologically anterior to alpha elements and which can be employed for expression where alpha elements do not exist. The author concludes with a section on Ferrari whose bipartite model of mind arising out of body (as opposed to Winnicott's tripartite model which he discusses earlier in the paper) might be expressed in Bion's terms as one in which beta elements contain within themselves thecapacity to become alpha elements, while alpha function arise out of beta. Bion's shift from the object relations model to one based on the relation between sensation and affect on the one hand and mental function on the other entailed a shift away from insistent transference interpretation in favour of confronting the patient with his bodily self, a shift which Ferrari embraced and developed.
Quality and integration of public health information systems: A systematic review focused on immunization and vital records systems

Objectives: Public health professionals rely on quantitative data for the daily practice of public health as well as organizational decision making and planning. However, several factors work against effective data sharing among public health agencies in the US. This review characterizes the reported barriers and enablers of effective use of public health IS from an informatics perspective. Methods: A systematic review of the English language literature for 2005 to 2011 followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format. The review focused on immunization information systems (IIS) and vital records information systems (VRIS). Systems were described according to the structural aspects of IS integration and data quality. Results: Articles describing IIS documented issues pertaining to the distribution of the system, the autonomy of the data providers, the heterogeneous nature of information sharing as well as the quality of the data. Articles describing VRIS were focused much more heavily on data quality, particularly whether or not the data were free from errors. Conclusions: For state and local practitioners to effectively utilize data, public health IS will have to overcome the challenges posed by a large number of autonomous data providers utilizing a variety of technologies.
Forearm deformity in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses: factors associated with range of motion and radial head dislocation.

BACKGROUND There is a high rate of forearm deformity in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses, with many patients developing radial head dislocation associated with ulnar shortening. METHODS One hundred and six patients with hereditary multiple exostoses who were fifteen years of age or older were identified with use of a previously compiled database. An independent observer measured flexion and extension of the elbow and wrist as well as supination and pronation of the forearm and recorded the number of exostoses affecting the forearm. Proportional ulnar length was calculated as a percentage of the measured height of the patient ([ulnar length/height] ×100). RESULTS Exostoses were identified in 183 (86%) of the 212 forearms that were examined. The distal part of the radius was the most common site and was affected in 73% of the patients. One in seven patients had a dislocated radial head, which was associated with reduced proportional ulnar length (p < 0.001). Both radial head dislocation (p < 0.001) and proportional ulnar length (p < 0.001) were confirmed to be independent risk factors associated with forearm rotation on multivariate regression analysis. In conjunction with other risk factors, both of these factors could be used to predict forearm motion. In addition, a reduced proportional ulnar length was also an independent risk factor for radial head dislocation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Proportional ulnar length could be used as a tool to identify patients who are at risk for diminished forearm motion and radial head dislocation during childhood. Surgical intervention could potentially be offered before deterioration in function and dislocation of the radial head occurs.
Attention and lexical decomposition in chinese word recognition: Conjunctions of form and position guide selective attention

Abstract A series of experiments on skilled readers of Chinese demonstrated selective attention to different orthographic components within compound, single-character words, as a function of different reading tasks (pronunciation vs. meaning). Chinese orthography provides a number of contrasts with alphabetic writing systems. The majority (over 90%) of Chinese single-character words are compound, consisting of a lexical radical (LR) and one or more other constituents. which together form the “non-radical component” (NR). The NR component as a whole specifies the syllabic pronunciation of the whole word (except in the case of “irregular” words). In contrast, the LR specifies (an aspect of) its meaning. Thus in order to take advantage of these regularities in pronunciation tasks, the skilled reader should attend selectively to the NR component. To do so, however, the reader must first locate the LR, which can occur in practically any relative location (e.g. top, bottom, left, or right of the character), in .
Ethnicity, Class and the Earning Inequality in Israel, 1983-1995

This paper focuses on the role of ethnicity and class in generating earnings inequality in Israel. Unlike previous studies on inequality of opportunities in Israel, in this paper I compare the earnings of five ethnic groups: European Jews (Ashkenazi), Asian-African Jews (Sephardi), Muslim Palestinians, Christian Palestinians and Druze Palestinians. In addition, both men and women are taken into account. The analysis, which is based on data obtained from the 1983 and 1995 Israeli population censuses, has revealed that in Israel, class variations resulting from the differentiation of employment contracts in the labour market, appear to have played a much more important role over time in producing earnings inequality. However, at the same time, it was found that class in this context is highly related to ethnicity, thereby suggesting that class and ethnicity are interwoven. While it seemed that to some extent, class plays a similar role among men and women, the role of ethnicity among men was much more central than it was among women, in the allocation of people into class positions.
Explaining the product‐specificity of country‐of‐origin effects

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of product typicality in explaining the product‐specificity of country of origin (COO) effects.Design/methodology/approach – To help select stimuli used in the study, two dimensions of product typicality regarding COO images were created. A total of 416 participants from a business school in Taiwan participated in this experiment and rated their perceived COO images and attitudes towards specific products from select countries.Findings – The results indicate that product typicality can help explain the discrepancies between COO images across products from a country, and across COOs of a product. Typical products received more favourable consumer attitudes and stronger COO images than atypical ones. This study also manipulated two other factors, product type and product category level. While product type had no significant impact on the effects of typicality, tests on product category level revealed enhanced effects for subordinate product ca.
Unsupervised Pixel Classification in Satellite Imagery: A Two-stage Fuzzy Clustering Approach

A popular approach for landcover classification in remotely sensed satellite images is clustering the pixels in the spectral domain into several fuzzy partitions. It has been observed that performance of the clustering algorithms deteriorate with more and more overlaps in the data sets. Motivated by this observation, in this article a two-stage fuzzy clustering algorithm is described that utilizes the concept of points having significant membership to multiple classes. The points situated in the overlapped regions of different clusters are first identified and excluded from consideration while clustering. Thereafter, these points are given class labels based on Support vector Machine classifier which is trained by the remaining points. The well known Fuzzy C-Means algorithm and some recently proposed genetic clustering schemes are utilized in the process. The effectiveness of the two-stage clustering technique has been demonstrated on IRS remote sensing satellite images of the cities of Bombay and Calcutta and compared with other well known clustering techniques. Also statistical significance test has been carried out to establish the statistical significance of the clustering results.
Differential Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor and Its Ligand in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells1

The functions of dendritic cells (DCs) are tightly regulated such that protective immune responses are elicited and unwanted immune responses are prevented. 1α25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α25(OH)2D3) has been identified as a major factor that inhibits the differentiation and maturation of DCs, an effect dependent upon its binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Physiological control of 1α25(OH)2D3 levels is critically dependent upon 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (1αOHase), a mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of inactive precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) to the active metabolite 1α25(OH)2D3. Using a human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) model, we have examined the relationship between DC VDR expression and the impact of exposure to its ligand, 1α25(OH)2D3. We show for the first time that moDCs are able to synthesize 1α25(OH)2D3 in vitro as a consequence of increased 1αOHase expression. Following terminal differentiation induced by a diverse set of maturation stimuli, there is marked transcriptional up-regulation of 1αOHase leading to increased 1αOHase enzyme activity. Consistent with this finding is the observation that the development and function of moDCs is inhibited at physiological concentrations of the inactive metabolite 25(OH)D3. In contrast to 1αOHase, VDR expression is down-regulated as monocytes differentiate into immature DCs. Addition of 1α25(OH)2D3 to moDC cultures at different time points indicates that its inhibitory effects are greater in monocyte precursors than in immature DCs. In conclusion, differential regulation of endogenous 1α25(OH)2D3 ligand and its nuclear receptor appear to be important regulators of DC biology and represent potential targets for the manipulation of DC function.
Children's Knowledge of the Future Distances of Daily Activities and Annual Events

Two studies with 92 children were conducted to describe 4- through 8-year-olds' knowledge of the distances of daily activities and of annual events in the future. Children were tested on a task that used a linear representation of the future. At each age, a substantial number of children responded on the daily-activities task as if they ignored the present reference time and judged the cards according to their earliness within the waking day. However, when separated from this morning-reference group, the remaining 4- and 5-year-olds significantly differentiated events according to their distances in the future. In this present-reference group, 7- and 8-year-olds showed greater differentiation of the future distances of daily activities than of annual events. Results demonstrate that a sense of the future depends on the specific representations available for each of a number of different time patterns.
Relational savoring in long-distance romantic relationships

Relationship satisfaction is crucial for health and happiness. In the absence of physical contact, people in long-distance romantic relationships (LDRs) may use alternate means of maintaining relationship satisfaction, such as mentally activating feelings of closeness to their partners. This experiment examined the effects of relational savoring, relative to two control conditions, on emotion and relationship satisfaction following a laboratory-based stress task, among 533 people in an LDR. Relational savoring yielded greater positive emotion among participants, particularly those with medium to high baseline relationship satisfaction. Further, emotional state mediated the link between relational savoring and post-stressor relationship satisfaction for participants with average or higher baseline satisfaction. Savoring relational memories resulted in short-term benefits among people in LDRs with average or higher satisfaction. The promise of relational savoring as a brief intervention is discussed as well as the implications of the results for couples in LDRs.
If You Can’t Take the Heat: Cultural Beliefs about Questionable Conduct, Stigma, Punishment, and Withdrawal among Mexican Police Officers

We introduce the concept of cultural beliefs about questionable conduct, and examine how these beliefs interact with stigma consciousness to influence punishment and two withdrawal behaviors: turnover and absenteeism. We used a sample of Mexican police officers in a border city and implemented a mixed method design, paying attention to the national, occupational, and organizational context of this setting. We conducted a qualitative phase to explore the prevalence and meaning of occupational stigma and four cultural beliefs about questionable conduct: greed, toughness, wariness, and savvy. The results of this phase helped us develop a context-relevant measure of cultural beliefs about questionable conduct using Mexican proverbs. The results of the quantitative phase indicated that, contingent upon stigma consciousness, beliefs about questionable conduct affected received punishment, turnover, and absenteeism. We discuss the theoretical and behavioral implications of our findings for socialization, identity management, occupational stigma, corruption, and ethical behavior.
A possible role of astrocytes in contextual memory retrieval: An analysis obtained using a quantitative framework

The hippocampus is central to our understanding of memory formation and retrieval. Its CA1 region is known for encoding contextual memory. Here, using a computational approach, which embeds existing physiological data, we propose a particular role of astrocytes in contextual memory retrieval. We provide a quantitative framework under which the astrocyte modulates the firing of a context-associated CA1 pyramidal neurons, resulting in a prominent tuning of neurons to a delta rhythm. Using the very framework, we further studied astrocytic function in the modulation of neuronal firing under pathological conditions, i.e., during astrocytic induction of epileptiform discharge in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, we provide a quantitative framework that would aid understanding of the Schaffer collateral-CA1 tripartite synapse in health and disease.
The integration of the psycho-narrative paradigm in the theory of Organizational Communication

Abstract Organizational Communication underwent considerable development and progress throughout the twentieth century, which enabled an extensive corpus of descriptive and applied-prescriptive studies and theories to be built up. Analysis of the proposed models demonstrates that previous studies and theories have focused on exploring communication in the organization as a whole, having neglected to reflect on the model of the subject they were dealing with. As is argued in this study, to date, Organizational Communication has operated predominantly with an implicit paradigm of a subject of a positivist nature. It is therefore necessary today to complete and extend this epistemic field in order to further deepen the theoretical and applied bases of this discipline. The thesis I submit argues in favour of the relevance of integrating the psycho-narrative paradigm into the theory of Organizational Communication (TOC). This paradigm takes into account the narrative thought of human beings and defines a human as a subject equipped with a double dimension of thought that has the heuristic value of advancing research into Organizational Communication.
Uncertainty-Aware Real-Time Workflow Scheduling in the Cloud

Scheduling real-time workflows running in the Cloud often need to deal with uncertain task execution time and minimize uncertainty propagation during the workflow runtime. Efficient scheduling approaches can minimize the operational cost of Cloud providers and provide higher guarantee of the quality of services (QoS) for Cloud consumers. However, most of the existing workflow scheduling approaches are designed for the individual workflow runtime environments that are deterministic. Such static workflow schedulers are inadequate for multiple and dynamic workflows, each with possibly uncertain task execution time. In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing uncertainty propagation in real-time workflow scheduling. We first introduce an uncertainty-aware scheduling architecture to mitigate the impact of uncertainty factors on the quality of workflow schedules. Then we present a dynamic workflow scheduling algorithm (PRS) that can dynamically exploit proactive and reactive scheduling methods. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using real-world workflow traces and our experimental results show that PRS outperforms two representative scheduling algorithms in terms of costs (up to 60%), resource utilization (up to 40%) and deviation (up to 70%).
Global stability conditions for rate control of discretized model with communication delays

We adopt an optimization framework for the rate allocation problem proposed by Kelly and investigate the stability of a discretized system with arbitrary communication delays between network elements. We show that there is an underlying market structure, and the stability of this market equilibrium is directly related to the stability of the rate control system. We first derive general stability conditions and use them to establish the stability of the system with a family of popular utility and resource price functions. Numerical examples are provided to validate our analyses.
Script Indices

Sproat (2000, 2003) proposed a formal model of layout in writing systems wherein graphic elements are conjoined by two dimensional catenation operators. It has been shown in previous work (e.g. Prakash et al. 1993, Vaid & Gupta 2002) that issues such as layout and diacritization of symbols have relevance for segmental awareness, and online reading among readers of Indian writing systems. In this paper we will develop a script index based on properties of the layout and illustrate its application with examples from Kannada and Devanagari. We discuss the relevance of this index to readers’ performance on metaphonological awareness tasks.