Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concern for Appropriateness Scale and Behavioral Conformity

The validity of the Concern for Appropriateness Scale (CFA; Lennox & Wolfe, 1984) as a measure of tendencies to conform to group conformity pressures was investigated. Thirty-four high and 28 low scorers on the CFA were placed in a conformity situation designed to modify previously expressed values. Pressures to conform were exerted on four critical questions that had been identified by subjects as either personally important or unimportant. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant effects for concern and personal importance, as well as the interaction of both. Subjects scoring low on the CFA showed, little conformity regardless of value importance, whereas those scoring high on the CFA conformed more overall, and much more on unimportant than important issues. Results confirm that the CFA assesses individual differences in susceptibility to peer pressure.
Diversity and Change: Understanding the Ethnic Geographies of Leeds

There has been an ongoing national debate over the causes and consequences of the evolution of patterns of residence of ethnic minority populations in British cities. This has gained particular prominence since the publication of the Cantle Report, which highlighted ethnic segregation as one of the causes underlying the racialised disturbances in certain northern cities in 2001. In this paper, the geographies of ethnic populations are identified in Leeds, a northern city affected by minor disturbances within its multi-ethnic inner-city. A newly developed set of ‘community areas’ is used to examine the extent to which specific ethnic minority groups are spatially concentrated within the city. The analysis focuses upon Leeds’ South Asian population, highlighting the spatial diversity of sub-groups within it and contrasting their geographies with those of other ethnic groups. Change between 1991 and 2001 is examined in inner Leeds at ward level, where geographical boundaries have remained consistent; evidence is found for deconcentration. Thereafter, each of the main forces responsible for shaping the patterns of ethnic settlement is considered in more detail, drawing on data from a survey of South Asian households in the city.
Characterization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from young Chinese aggressive periodontitis patients.

OBJECTIVE This study characterized Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates from young Chinese aggressive periodontitis patients. METHODS Subgingival plaque samples (two/subject) were collected from diseased subjects < 25 years old (n = 9, mean age 21.1 +/- 1.6 years) and age-matched periodontitis-free controls (n = 47, mean age 22.0 +/- 1.1 years). Selective and anaerobic culture were used. The serotype, leukotoxin gene (ltx) operon promoter and the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes complex of the A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates were investigated. Effects of the isolates on non-keratinizing periodontal ligament epithelial cells monolayer were studied. RESULTS Diseased subjects had significantly higher full-mouth bleeding score (p = 0.002) and total viable counts from plaque samples (7.2 x 10(6) vs. 2.1 x 10(5) CFU/paperpoint, p < 0.005). A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 67%/56% or 6%/4% of diseased or controls subject/sites, respectively (p < 0.001). The proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolatable from aggressive periodontitis or periodontitis-free associated subgingival plaque was low (0.7% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.02). The serotype of the isolates was characterized. All isolates possessed 652-like ltx gene promoter and all but one serotype c isolate from a diseased patient had intact cdtABC genes. That particular strain appeared to confer the least cellular damages on periodontal ligament epithelial monolayer compared to others. CONCLUSION This preliminary study confirmed the notion of increased prevalence and quantity of A. actinomycetemcomitans associated with aggressive periodontitis in young patients. The overall ltx promoter and cdt characteristics of the A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates, however, were similar among the diseased and control groups. A strain lacking the cdtABC gene appeared to be less damaging to a periodontal ligament epithelial cell model. Further studies therefore are warranted to clarify the pathogenic role and potentials of A. actinomycetemcomitans in aggressive periodontitis.
Views of sport science graduates regarding work skills developed at university

There has been recent interest in how higher education might improve the employability of students, although there is little feedback from graduates about the value of university experiences to their working life. The aim of the study therefore was to investigate the views of graduates regarding the extent to which work skills had been developed while at university. A survey of 57 physical education and sport science graduates found that they felt university experiences had helped to develop many work skills. Personal and interactive skills had been developed to a greater extent than business skills. However, this study produced more questions than answers. Skills acquired depend on the ethos of the institution, content of the programme and the quality of the teaching and learning experiences. In addition, students arrive at university at varying stages of maturity, react differently to particular experiences and need diverse qualities in future jobs.
Young people’s preferences for social interaction in terms of homophily and social inclusion: a critical discussion about respect

This paper reports findings from a study about young people’s preferences for social interaction with similar and different others, in terms of a tension between social inclusion and homophily – the concept that similarity breeds connection. The issue was explored empirically using moral dilemmas scenarios to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews with young people with Asperger syndrome, visual impairment and without disabilities. The data indicates that homophily and inclusion can come into a tension with an ethical dimension, since they represent, respectively, a personal preference to be among similar others and the moral imperative of including all people. The paper argues that this tension is constructive as it can challenge our understanding of what the ethical obligation to inclusion entails, and what treating the students respectfully means. Respect is often seen as an attempt to avoid the humiliation that any kind of recognition of difference can bring, and has tended to be translated into a demand for inclusion for all. However, the recognition of difference is an acknowledgement of young people’s right to make their own decisions, and can be reflected in provision and translated into educational and life opportunities; as such, it is also an expression of respect. Negotiating a way between the two understandings through dialogue can ensure that inclusion would be a shared value.
Consuming the Self: New Age Spirituality as “Social Product” in Consumer Society

In the late twentieth century there has been a proliferation, diversification and popularisation of New Age spiritual discourses and practices in Western industrialised nations. New Age spiritual thinkers such a Deepak Chopra, Ken Wilber, Gary Zukav and Shakti Gawain, have modified discourse and practices from Eastern and Western traditional religious beliefs, Western science and psychotherapy, to develop their own discourse and practices designed to assist individuals “transform” themselves. This article discusses the “commodified production of self‐actualisation” in consumer society and discusses how the discourses and practices in selected texts from four New Age spiritual thinkers take the form of an ever‐changing “social product”. The analysis shows how the discourse and practices of New Age spiritual thinkers align themselves with consumptive behaviour by secularising, homogenising and over‐simplifying scientific, social scientific and traditional religious discourse and practices into “social products” for consumption. The analysis also reveals that New Age spiritual thinkers are engaged in a process that could be described as the “consumption of the self”. The implications of the “consumption of the self” will be discussed in terms of the way consumer society requires New Age “technologies of the self” to be continually redefined, restructured and repackaged in new and different forms.
A novel technique using three‐dimensionally documented biopsy mapping allows precise re‐visiting of prostate cancer foci with serial surveillance of cell cycle progression gene panel

Conventional systematic biopsy has the shortcoming of sampling error and reveals “no evidence of cancer” with a rate of >50% on active surveillance (AS). The objective of this study is to report our initial experience of applying a 3D‐documented biopsy‐mapping technology to precisely re‐visit geographically documented low‐risk prostate cancer and to perform serial analysis of cell‐cycle‐progression (CCP) gene‐panel.
Online Political Debate, Unbounded Citizenship, and the Problematic Nature of a Transnational Public Sphere

Citizenship has always been a dynamic notion, subject to change and permanent struggle over its precise content and meaning. Recent technological, economic, and political transformations have led to the development of alternative notions of citizenship that go beyond the classic understanding of its relationship to nation states and rights. Civil society actors play an important role in this process by organizing themselves at a transnational level, engaging with issues that transcend the boundaries of the nation state and questioning the democratic legitimacy of other transnational actors such as international and corporate organizations. They also allow citizens to engage with “unbounded” issues and to construct a transnational public sphere where such issues can be debated. It is often assumed that the Internet plays a crucial role in enabling this transnational public sphere to take shape. Empirical analysis of discussion forums and mailing lists developed by transnational civil society actors shows, however, that the construction of such a transnational public sphere is paved with constraints. To speak of a unified transnational public sphere is therefore deemed to be problematic. It cannot be seen or construed without taking into account the local, the national, and enforceable rights in order to materialize the ideas and hopes being voiced through civil society.
E-retailing ethics and its impact on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention: A cultural and commitment-trust theory perspective

Purpose – The theoretical understanding of online shopping behaviour has received much attention. Less focus has been given to online retailing ethics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop and test a comprehensive model of online retailing ethics. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a survey amongst a sample representative of universities across Egypt. In total, 310 questionnaire were collected and analysed using structure equation modelling using WarpPLS. Findings – The results indicate that the consumer perceptions of online retailing ethics (CPORE) as a second-order construct is composed of five constructs (security, privacy, non-deception, fulfilment/reliability, and service recovery) and strongly predictive of online consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, the authors find a significant mediating effect of trust, and commitment on the relationship between CPORE and customer satisfaction. The results also show that individualism had moderate effects on the relationship between CPORE.
Around-the-World Atomic Clocks: Predicted Relativistic Time Gains

During October 1971, four cesium beam atomic clocks were flown on regularly scheduled commercial jet flights around the world twice, once eastward and once westward, to test Einstein's theory of relativity with macroscopic clocks. From the actual flight paths of each trip, the theory predicts that the flying clocks, compared with reference clocks at the U.S. Naval Observatory, should have lost 40 � 23 nanoseconds during the eastward trip, and should have gained 275 � 21 nanoseconds during the westward trip. The observed time differences are presented in the report that follows this one.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI of tumor hypoxia

Patients with highly hypoxic primary tumors show increased frequency of locoregional treatment failure and poor survival rates and may benefit from particularly aggressive treatment. The potential of gadolinium diethylene‐triamine penta‐acetic acid‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI in assessing tumor hypoxia was investigated in this preclinical study. Xenografted tumors of eight human melanoma lines were subjected to dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI and measurement of the fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells and the fraction of pimonidazole‐positive hypoxic cells. Tumor images of Ktrans (the volume transfer constant of gadolinium diethylene‐triamine penta‐acetic acid) and ve (the fractional distribution volume of gadolinium diethylene‐triamine penta‐acetic acid) were produced by pharmacokinetic analysis of the dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI data, and Ktrans and ve frequency distributions of the non‐necrotic tumor tissue were established and related to the extent of hypoxia. Tumors showing high Ktrans values and high ve values had low fractions of hypoxic cells, whereas tumors showing both low Ktrans values and low ve values had high hypoxic fractions. Ktrans differentiated better between tumors with low and high hypoxic fractions than did ve. This study supports the current attempts to establish dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI as a method for assessing the extent of hypoxia in human tumors, and it provides guidelines for the clinical development of valid assays. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Content Analysis of Mehinaku Dreams

Despite the growth of psychological anthropology, dreams remain relatively neglected in the ethnographic descriptions of non-Western peoples. We have a number of systematic examinations of dreams, including those from Australia (Schneider and Sharp 1969), Africa (LeVine 1966), and India (Gray and Kalsched 1971), but many ethnographic regions are virtually unknown territory in terms of dream research. In no case do we have a database that is as scientifically compiled as that of Hall and his collaborators, who have analyzed more than 10,000 American dreams (Hall 1951; Hall and Van de Castle 1966). The purpose of this chapter is to extend the base of evidence on which cross-cultural dream research rests by providing descriptions of the manifest content of 385 dreams collected among the Mehinaku Indians, an Arawakan-speaking people of Central Brazil. Although a number of researchers have effectively utilized dreams as a method of research among South American Indian cultures (see, e.g., Kracke 1978, 1979, and chapter 9 of this volume), I am aware of few published collections of dreams from the peoples of this area.
Predictive Profiles for Transaction Data using Finite Mixture Models

Massive transaction data sets are routinely recorded in a variety of applications including telecommunications, retail commerce, and Web site management. In this paper we address the problem of inferring models from such transaction data in the form of predictive profiles of individual behavior. We describe a generative mixture model that accounts for population heterogeneity in transaction generation. An approximate Bayesian framework is used for parameter estimation that combines an individual’s specific history with more general population patterns. The proposed model is shown to consistently outperform non-mixture and non-Bayesian techniques in predicting out-of-sample individual behavior on two large real-world transaction data sets.
The Use of Cuff Weights for Aquatic Gait Training in People Post-Stroke with Hemiparesis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to examine how spatiotemporal and kinematic gait variables are influenced by the application of a cuff weight during aquatic walking in people post-stroke. The secondary purpose was to compare the differences in gait responses between the placements of cuff weights on the proximal (knee weight) and distal end (ankle weight) of the shank. METHODS Twenty-one participants post-stroke with hemiparesis aged 66.3 ± 11.3 years participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. Participants completed two aquatic walking trials at their self-selected maximum walking speed across an 8-m walkway under each of the three conditions: 1) walking with a knee weight; 2) walking with an ankle weight; and 3) walking with no weight. Cuff weights were worn on the paretic leg of each participant. Gait speed, cadence, step width and joint kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle joints were recorded by a customized three-dimensional underwater motion analysis system. RESULTS Mean aquatic walking speeds significantly increased with the use of cuff weights when compared to walking with no weight. Changes in gait variables were found in the non-paretic leg with the addition of weight, while no significant changes were found in the paretic leg. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the use of additional weight can be helpful if the goal of gait training is to improve walking speed of people post-stroke during pool floor walking. However, it is interesting to note that changes in gait variables were not found in the paretic limb where favourable responses were expected to occur.
Pharmacological characterization of alpha adrenoceptors involved in the antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects of intrathecally administered clonidine.

The effects on nociception, blood pressure and heart rate of clonidine administered intrathecally to the lumbar level were determined in conscious rats and in rats anesthetized lightly with pentobarbital. In anesthetized rats, intrathecal (i.t.) clonidine (3.2-32.0 micrograms) inhibited the nociceptive tail-flick reflex and had biphasic effects on blood pressure; lesser doses (1.0-10.0 micrograms) produced depressor effects, whereas a greater dose (32.0 micrograms) produced a marked pressor response. Clonidine also produced biphasic effects on blood pressure in conscious rats, with the dose-response function shifted upward and to the left of that observed in anesthetized rats. The depressor and antinociceptive effects of 3.2 micrograms of clonidine were antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine (30.0 micrograms i.t.) but not by prazosin (30.0 micrograms i.t.) or by yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). Thus, these effects of clonidine are mediated by spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The pressor response to 32.0 micrograms of clonidine (i.t., lumbar) was accompanied by marked bradycardia, and similar cardiovascular effects were observed when this dose of clonidine was administered either i.v. or to the cervical level of the spinal cord. The pressor response to 32.0 micrograms of clonidine (i.t., lumbar) was not reduced significantly by i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine (30.0 micrograms) or prazosin (30.0 micrograms), but was diminished significantly by i.v. pretreatment with yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg), prazosin (0.1 mg/kg) or phentolamine (2.0 mg/kg). Neither chlorisondamine (2.5 mg/kg i.v.) or the V1-vasopressin receptor antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(o-methyl)tyrosine]Arg8-vasopressin (10.0 micrograms/kg i.v.) reduced the clonidine-produced pressor response. After i.t. injection of 32.0 micrograms of [3H]clonidine, peak levels of radioactivity in the blood were observed at 2 min and corresponded to a blood concentration of 38.8 ng/ml. Injection of an i.v. bolus dose (2.5 micrograms/kg) sufficient to produce these blood levels resulted in a transient pressor response. These results suggest that after i.t. administration of greater doses of clonidine, sufficient amounts of the drug are rapidly redistributed systemically to produce pressor effects by stimulation of vascular alpha adrenoceptors.
Watershed framework to region-based image segmentation

This paper proposes a new framework to image segmentation which combines edge- and region-based information with spectral techniques through the morphological algorithm of watersheds. A pre-processing step is used to reduce the spatial resolution without losing important image information. An initial partitioning of the image into primitive regions is set by applying a rainfalling watershed algorithm on the image gradient magnitude. This initial partition is the input to a computationally efficient region segmentation process which produces the final segmentation. The latter process uses a region-based similarity graph representation of the image regions. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to produce simpler segmentations and to compare favourably with state-of-the-art methods.
The career choice of business graduates: SMEs or MNCs?

To promote SME growth, it is essential to attract young, educated minds to work for them. Recent graduates often view employment in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) as a “second choice”, and prefer to work for multinational corporations )MNCs). This study uses a job attributes model to address the inability of SMEs to attract business graduates. The first part of the study investigates the importance of nine job attributes to graduates in initial job selections, and their perceptions of these attributes offered by SMEs and MNCs. The second part of the study reports that SME employer perceptions of the attractiveness of these attributes are very much different from those of the graduates. Finally, recruitment packages of SMEs and MNCs are compared, and attributes such as job security and long‐term career prospects are found to be better in SMEs, thus suggesting that SME owners must communicate more effectively with graduates.
Management of migraine in adolescents

Headaches in children and adolescents are still under-diagnosed. 75% of children are affected by primary headache by the age of 15 with 28% fitting the ICHD2 criteria of migraine. Migraine is considered a chronic disorder that can severely impact a child’s daily activities, including schooling and socializing. Early recognition and aggressive therapy, with acute and prophylactic treatments, as well as intensive biobehavioral interventions, are essential to control the migraine attacks and reverse the progression into intractable disabling headache.
Guidelines for the Economic Valuation of Nontimber Tropical-Forest Products

kids how this is important, why they should want to know some biology. Now, the biology book that my kids were using in high school was the best excuse for not learning biology that I've ever seen. John Holt said that the dull students forget the facts before the exam and the bright students forget the facts after the exam, and that's an excellent summary of American education. Evolution and anthropology are very important fields of study because they can help people to understand themselves and other people better. And the failure in our schools at this level is, it seems to me, very, very deep. So much of education is about the mechanics, not the fundamental issues. Perhaps this comes out more clearly in anthropology than in anything else. At the last meetings, I went to a session on the teaching of evolution, and it was dull beyond belief! Few people there were up-to-date on what they should be teaching, and their notion of teaching was all technique. I finally got up in irritation and said, "The point is that we should be trying to teach these school kids to understand human beings. It's not a question of what particular technique we use. How are we getting to the most important objective of having them understand people better? " In anthropology textbooks, it used to be very clear, and people like Herskovits had very clear notions of what anthropology should be doing-it should be helping us to understand our own behavior and that of others and the variety of human behavior.