Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic effects in intercellular calcium spiking in hepatocytes.

We carry out a Monte Carlo simulation of stochastic effects for two models of intercellular calcium wave propagation in rat hepatocytes. Both models involve gap junction diffusion by a second messenger. We find that, in general, the stochastic effects improve agreement with experiment, for a reasonable choice of model parameters. Both stochastic models exhibit baseline fluctuations and variations in the peak heights of Ca(2+). In addition, we find for one model that there is a distribution of latency times, rather than a single latency time, with a distribution width which is comparable to the experimental observation of spike widths. We also find for the other model with low gap junction diffusion that it is possible for cell multiplets to oscillate independently initially, but to subsequently become synchronized.
Optimization of design complexity in time-multiplexed constant multiplications

The multiplication of constants by a data input is an essential operation in digital signal processing (DSP) systems. For applications requiring a large number of constant multiplications under stringent hardware constraints, it is generally realized under a folded architecture, where a single constant selected from a set of multiple constants is multiplied by the data input at each time, called time-multiplexed constant multiplication (TMCM). This paper addresses the problem of optimizing the complexity of a TMCM design and introduces an algorithm that finds the least complex TMCM design by sharing the logic operators, i.e., adders, subtractors, adders/subtractors, and multiplexors (MUXes). It includes efficient search methods, yielding better results than existing TMCM algorithms.
Principal time management skills: Explaining patterns in principals’ time use, job stress, and perceived effectiveness

Purpose – Time demands faced by school principals make principals’ work increasingly difficult. Research outside education suggests that effective time management skills may help principals meet job demands, reduce job stress, and improve their performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach – The authors administered a time management inventory to nearly 300 principals in Miami-Dade County Public Schools, the fourth-largest school district in the USA. The authors analyzed scores on the inventory descriptively and used them to predict time-use data collected via in-person observations, a survey-based measure of job stress, and measures of perceived job effectiveness obtained from assistant principals and teachers in the school. Findings – Principals with better time management skills allocate more time in classrooms and to managing instruction in their schools but spend less time on interpersonal relationship-building. Perhaps as a result of this trad.
THE THYMIC SUPPRESSOR CELL

This study confirms the finding that washed thymocytes from rats given 100 mg of BGG 48 h earlier, when transferred to syngeneic recipients, exert a specific suppressor effect on immunological responses to BGG in the latter. The active cells are found in a subpopulation of low density, making up less than 10% of the total thymocytes, and are partially resistant to hydrocortisone.
Learning Modifies Subsequent Induction of Long-Term Potentiation-Like and Long-Term Depression-Like Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex

Learning may alter rapidly the output organization of adult motor cortex. It is a long-held hypothesis that modification of synaptic strength along cortical horizontal connections through long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) forms one important mechanism for learning-induced cortical plasticity. Strong evidence in favor of this hypothesis was provided for rat primary motor cortex (M1) by showing that motor learning reduced subsequent LTP but increased LTD. Whether a similar relationship exists in humans is unknown. Here, we induced LTP-like and LTD-like plasticity in the intact human M1 by an established paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol. PAS consisted of 200 pairs of electrical stimulation of the right median nerve, followed by focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the hand area of the left M1 at an interval equaling the individual N20 latency of the median nerve somatosensory-evoked cortical potential (PASN20) or N20-5 msec (PASN20-5). PASN20 induced reproducibly a LTP-like long-lasting (>30 min) increase in motor-evoked potentials from the left M1 to a thumb abductor muscle of the right hand, whereas PASN20-5 induced a LTD-like decrease. Repeated fastest possible thumb abduction movements resulted in learning, defined by an increase in maximum peak acceleration of the practiced movements, and prevented subsequent PASN20-induced LTP-like plasticity but enhanced subsequent PASN20-5-induced LTD-like plasticity. The same number of repeated slow thumb abduction movements did not result in learning and had no effects on PAS-induced plasticity. Findings support the view that learning in human M1 occurs through LTP-like mechanisms.
Carbon Isotope Effects on the Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Aldolase Reaction, Origin for Non-statistical 13C Distributions in Carbohydrates*

The kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects on the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction have been determined using the rabbit muscle enzyme. The natural 13C abundance for both atoms participating in the bond splitting were measured in position C-1 of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-P after irreversible conversion to glycerol-3-P and 3-phosphoglycerate, respectively, and chemical degradation. The carbon isotope effects were determined comparing the 13C content of the corresponding positions after partial and complete turnover, and after complete equilibration of the reactants. 13(Vmax/Km) on C-3 was 1.016 ± 0.007 and 0.997 ± 0.009 on position C-4, and the equilibrium isotope effects K12/K13 on these positions were 1.0036 ± 0.0002 and 1.0049 ± 0.0001. The observed kinetic isotope effect on C-3 is discussed to originate from the formation of the enamine, which comes to equilibrium before the rate determining release of glyceraldehyde 3-P from the ternary complex. The equilibrium isotope effect is seen as the reason for an earlier-found relative 13C enrichment in position C-3 and C-4 of glucose and for varying enrichments in 13C of carbohydrates from different compartments of cells. The kinetic isotope effect is suggested to cause 13C discriminations in the C-3 pool in context with the hexose formation in competition with other dihydroxyacetone phosphate turnover reactions.
Nursing documentation for communicating and evaluating care.

AIMS To investigate the utility of electronic nursing documentation by exploring to what extent and for what purpose general practitioners use nursing documentation and to what extent and in which cases care unit managers use nursing documentation for quality development of care. BACKGROUND As health care includes multidisciplinary activities, communication about the care given is essential. To assure delivery of good and safe care, quality development is necessary. The main tool available for communication and quality development is the patient record. In many studies, nursing documentation has been found to be inadequate for this purpose. DESIGN This study had a cross-sectional descriptive design. METHODS Data were collected by postal questionnaires, one to the general practitioners (n = 544) and one to care unit managers (n = 82) in primary health care. Data were analysed by descriptive statistical and qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The general practitioners usually used the nursing record as the foremost source of information for treatment follow-up. The results, however, point out weaknesses and shortcomings in the nursing records, such as difficulties in finding important information because of a huge amount of routine notes. The care unit managers generally (74%) used the record for statistical purposes, while only half of them used it to evaluate care. CONCLUSION Nursing records need more clarity and need to be more prominent regarding specific nursing information to fulfil their purpose of transferring information and to constitute a base for quality development of care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study can provide a part of a basis upon which a multi-professional patient record could be developed and which could also function as an alarm to managers at different levels to prioritize the development of nursing documentation.
Toward a visuospatial developmental account of sequence-space synesthesia

Sequence-space synesthetes experience some sequences (e.g., numbers, calendar units) as arranged in spatial forms, i.e., spatial patterns in their mind's eye or even outside their body. Various explanations have been offered for this phenomenon. Here we argue that these spatial forms are continuous with varieties of non-synesthetic visuospatial imagery and share their central characteristics. This includes their dynamic and elaborative nature, their involuntary feel, and consistency over time. Drawing from literatures on mental imagery and working memory, we suggest how the initial acquisition and subsequent elaboration of spatial forms could be accounted for in terms of the known developmental trajectory of visuospatial representations. This extends from the formation of image-based representations of verbal material in childhood to the later maturation of dynamic control of imagery. Individual differences in the development of visuospatial style also account for variation in the character of spatial forms, e.g., in terms of distinctions such as visual versus spatial imagery, or ego-centric versus object-based transformations.
Quality Charters or Quality Members? A Control Theory Perspective on Team Charters and Team Performance

Though prevalent in practice, team charters have only recently received scholarly attention. However, most of this work has been relatively devoid of theory, and consequently, key questions about why and under what conditions team charter quality affects team performance remain unanswered. To address these gaps, we draw on macro organizational control theory to propose that team charter quality serves as a team-level “behavior” control mechanism that builds task cohesion through a structured exercise. We then juxtapose team charter quality with an “input” team control mechanism that influences the emergence of task cohesion more organically: team conscientiousness. Given their redundant effects on task cohesion, we propose that the effects of team charter quality and team conscientiousness on team performance (through task cohesion) are substitutive such that team charter quality primarily impacts team performance for teams that are low (vs. high) on conscientiousness. We test and find support for our hypotheses in a sample of 239 undergraduate self-managing project teams. Our study contributes to the groups and teams literature in the following ways: first, relative to previous studies, we take a more theory-driven approach toward understanding team charters, and in doing so, uncover when and why team charter quality impacts team performance; second, we integrate two normally disparate perspectives on team effectiveness (team development and team selection) to offer a broader perspective on how teams are “built”; and third, we introduce team charter quality as a performance-enhancing mechanism for teams lower on conscientiousness.
Design and Evaluation of PCR Primers for Analysis of Bacterial Populations in Wine by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is routinely used to compare levels of diversity of microbial communities and to monitor population dynamics. While using PCR-DGGE to examine the bacteria in wine fermentations, we noted that several commonly used PCR primers for amplifying bacterial 16S rDNA also coamplified yeast, fungal, or plant DNA present in samples. Unfortunately, amplification of nonbacterial DNA can result in a masking of bacterial populations in DGGE profiles. To surmount this problem, we developed two new primer sets for specific amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA in wine fermentation samples without amplification of eukaryotic DNA. One primer set, termed WLAB1 and WLAB2, amplified lactic acid bacteria, while another, termed WBAC1 and WBAC2, amplified both lactic acid bacterial and acetic acid bacterial populations found in wine. Primer specificity and efficacy were examined with DNA isolated from numerous bacterial, yeast, and fungal species commonly found in wine and must samples. Importantly, both primer sets effectively distinguished bacterial species in wine containing mixtures of yeast and bacteria.
mass and red cell volume in elite endurance athletes Live high-train low for 24 days increases hemoglobin

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2006; 101 (5): 1386-1393. J Appl Physiol Stray-Gundersen and Benjamin D. Levine Christopher J. Gore, Ferran A. Rodríguez, Martin J. Truijens, Nathan E. Townsend, James hypobaric hypoxia (4,000–5,500 m) Increased serum erythropoietin but not red cell production after 4 wk of intermittent [PDF] , July 23, 2007; . Integr. Comp. Biol. Reid, Heikki K. Rusko, Heikki O. Tikkanen, and Katherine A. Wilkinson Maurer, Michelle McGuire, Brooke M. Miller, Ken D. O’Halloran, Rüdiger J. Paul, Stephen G. Soliz, Bettina Zeis, Elizabeth K. Fergusson, Zhenxing Fu, Max Gassmann, Cindy B. Kim, Jana Ryan W. Bavis, Frank L. Powell, Aidan Bradford, Connie C.W. Hsia, Juha E. Peltonen, Jorge Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , October , 2007; 47 (4): 532-551. Integr. Comp. Biol. Reid, Heikki K. Rusko, Heikki O. Tikkanen and Katherine A. Wilkinson Maurer, Michelle McGuire, Brooke M. Miller, Ken D. O'Halloran, Rüdiger J. Paul, Stephen G. Soliz, Bettina Zeis, Elizabeth K. Fergusson, Zhenxing Fu, Max Gassmann, Cindy B. Kim, Jana Ryan W. Bavis, Frank L. Powell, Aidan Bradford, Connie C.W. Hsia, Juha E. Peltonen, Jorge Respiratory plasticity in response to changes in oxygen supply and demand [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2007; 103 (5): 1523-1535. J Appl Physiol Christopher J. Gore and Benjamin D. Levine Ferran A. Rodríguez, Martin J. Truijens, Nathan E. Townsend, James Stray-Gundersen, exposure plus sea level training Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2008; 104 (2): 328-337. J Appl Physiol Christopher J. Gore and Benjamin D. Levine Martin J. Truijens, Ferran A. Rodríguez, Nathan E. Townsend, James Stray-Gundersen, submaximal economy in well-trained swimmers and runners The effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure and sea level training on
DNA protection by histone-like protein HU from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima

In mesophilic prokaryotes, the DNA-binding protein HU participates in nucleoid organization as well as in regulation of DNA-dependent processes. Little is known about nucleoid organization in thermophilic eubacteria. We show here that HU from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima HU bends DNA and constrains negative DNA supercoils in the presence of topoisomerase I. However, while binding to a single site occludes ∼35 bp, association of T. maritima HU with DNA of sufficient length to accommodate multiple protomers results in an apparent shorter occluded site size. Such complexes consist of ordered arrays of protomers, as revealed by the periodicity of DNase I cleavage. Association of TmHU with plasmid DNA yields a complex that is remarkably resistant to DNase I-mediated degradation. TmHU is the only member of this protein family capable of occluding a 35 bp nonspecific site in duplex DNA; we propose that this property allows TmHU to form exceedingly stable associations in which DNA flanking the kinks is sandwiched between adjacent proteins. We suggest that T. maritima HU serves an architectural function when associating with a single 35 bp site, but generates a very stable and compact aggregate at higher protein concentrations that organizes and protects the genomic DNA.
Engineering Nanowire n-MOSFETs at $L_{g}<8~{\rm nm}$

As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) channel lengths (Lg) are scaled to lengths shorter than Lg <; 8 nm source-drain tunneling starts to become a major performance limiting factor. In this scenario, a heavier transport mass can be used to limit source-drain (S-D) tunneling. Taking InAs and Si as examples, it is shown that different heavier transport masses can be engineered using strain and crystal-orientation engineering. Full-band extended device atomistic quantum transport simulations are performed for nanowire MOSFETs at Lg <; 8 nm in both ballistic and incoherent scattering regimes. In conclusion, a heavier transport mass can indeed be advantageous in improving ON-state currents in ultrascaled nanowire MOSFETs.
Responding to Self-harm: A documentary Analysis of Agency Policy and Procedure

This paper reports on the findings of a documentary analysis of policies and procedures relating to self-harm from a range of organisations working with young people in the UK. It identifies the extent to which policies and/or procedures relating to self-harm are available for service providers and offers a wider understanding of the concepts of self-harm and approaches to helping as incorporated into service guidance and delivery. It highlights the prevalence of self-harming behaviours in a climate of stigma and the need to define appropriate and supportive agency responses from a trained staff that is both sensitive and individualised.
ERK1/2-mediated Cytoplasmic Accumulation of hnRNPK Antagonizes TRAIL-induced Apoptosis through Upregulation of XIAP in H1299 Cells.

OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance greatly limits the clinical therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying TRAIL resistance will be fundamental to resolving this problem. METHODS Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extraction and immuno？ uorescence (IF) assay were used to detect changes in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) localization in H1299 cells. The evaluation of cell apoptosis in cells transfected with GFP-hnRNPK, GFP-hnRNPK S284/353A, or GFP-hnRNPK S284/353D mutant was performed using cleaved caspase-3 antibody. The gene expression of XIAP was tested by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Previously, we reported that hnRNPK antagonized TRAIL-induced apoptosis through inhibition of PKC-mediated GSK3β phosphorylation. In this study, we further demonstrate that TRAIL treatment induces cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNPK in H1299 cells. The hnRNPK localized in the cytoplasm has a higher capacity to antagonize TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Both ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor U0126 and ERK-phosphoacceptor-site mutant (GFP-hnRNPK S284/353A) diminish cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNPK induced by TRAIL. Moreover, we show that XIAP is involved in hnRNPK-mediated TRAIL resistance in H1299 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results give new insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanism associated with TRAIL resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.
[Dietary patterns and its influencing factors among freshmen students in college].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the dietary pattern in college freshmen students and to analyze the influencing factors on their dietary patterns. METHODS A questionnaire survey on situation of dietary pattern and influencing factors was conducted among 1319 freshmen students. RESULTS Four major dietary patterns were noticed and they were: I, high consumption in hamburger, fried food, nuts, biscuit, chocolate, cola, coffee, sugars, II, high consumption in pork, mutton, beef, poultry meat, animal liver, III, high consumption in fresh fruits, eggs, fish and shrimps, kelp laver and sea fish, milk and dairy products, beans and bean products, IV, high consumption in rice and grain, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, pork. Risk factors on dietary pattern were presented as follows: (1) boys:having the food pattern I and II showed a strong positive association with the place where they live (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 0.87 - 3.19; OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 0.79 - 2.88), eating place (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.03 - 2.59;OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.04 - 3.23), level of mother's education (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.07 - 5.95; OR = 3.38, 95%CI: 1.50 - 7.63), family income (OR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.30 - 3.88; OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 1.77 - 5.29) and the status of passive smoking (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 0.70 - 4.59; OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 0.75 - 4.45). Inverse correlations was found on the level of mother's education (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.17 - 1.79). The food pattern IV showed a strong positive association with place of eating (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.04 - 3.23) but having an inverse correlation with the level of mother's education (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.17 - 1.79). (2) girls when compared with boys, the food pattern I showed minor association with the places of living and eating; while the food pattern II and III had minor association with the status of passive smoking. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic factors and lifestyle had influenced on the dietary patterns among college freshmen students who should be guided to have a reasonable, balanced diet in the college.
Transgender Children in Schools

This article is intended to provide evidence to suggest that information for teachers regarding transgender children does not represent an adequate picture of transgendered children in schools and that primary schools need to be made more aware of how to deal with transgender children, even if these children do not make themselves known to staff. It will argue that this is probably a contributing factor in transgender children’s underachievement in school. The implications of this research will also suggest that findings of some psychiatric and psychology professionals are open to reinterpretation. I will additionally suggest that the inclusion of transgender issues when dealing with homophobic bullying and work on gender stereotyping is likely to make combating homophobic bullying and gender discrimination more effective.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Activate Expression of the Egr Gene Family of Transcription Factors*

In order to search for genes that are activated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), we used an mRNA differential display approach in HEK293 cells expressing m1AChR. The zinc-finger transcription factor genes Egr-1,Egr-2, and Egr-3 were identified. Northern blot analyses confirmed that mRNA levels of Egr-1, Egr-2, and Egr-3 increased readily after m1AChR stimulation and that a maximum was attained within 50 min. At that time, Egr-4 mRNA was also detectable. Western blots and electromobility shift assays demonstrated synthesis of EGR-1 and EGR-3, as well as binding to DNA recognition sites in response to m1AChR activation. Activation of m1AChR increased transcription from EGR-dependent promoters, including the acetylcholinesterase gene promoter. Activity-dependent regulation of Egr-1 mRNA expression and EGR-1 protein synthesis was also observed in cells expressing m2, m3, or m4AChR subtypes. Increased EGR-1 synthesis was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate, but not by forskolin, and receptor-stimulated EGR-1 synthesis was partially inhibited by phorbol myristate acetate down-regulation. Together, our results demonstrate that muscarinic receptor signaling activates the EGR transcription factor family and that PKC may be involved in intracellular signaling. The data suggest that transcription of EGR-dependent target genes, including the AChE gene, can be under the control of extracellular and intracellular signals coupled to muscarinic receptors.