Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Actual or potential effects of ELF and RF/MW radiation on enhancing violence and homicide, and accelerating aging of human, animal or plant cells

The brain is a very sensitive Bioelectromagnetic organ sat through classical resonance processes can be halted and damage of external electromagnetic fields and radiation. This review will explore the possibility that this could result in violence enhanced rates of homicide. The evidence that electromagnetic fields and radiation electromagnetic are genotoxic means that exposure to any electromagnetic fields and radiation will enhance cell death (Apoptosis). The natural ageing process involves oxygenated free radicals from the breathing process causing enhanced rates DNA damage, cancer and cell death. Exposure to electromagnetic fields and radiation also reduces melatonin which limits a body’s ability to scavenge the free radicals and therefore contributes to enhanced Apoptosis and cancer rates. Melatonin is also necessary for a healthy immune system. Reduced melatonin is also associated depression and suicide and therefore is likely to be associated with violence of homicide. Since electromagnetic radiation damages the DNA and reduces melatonin it is scientifically logical that it also enhances many of the natural paging process in people, animals and plants. These conclusions are strongly supported by robust evidence that natural weather related effects are caused by natural electromagnetic fields and radiation with extremely small intensities. Therefore it is logical and proven that humanly generated fields and radiation at intensities from a thousand to many billion times higher, also significantly enhance a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, heart disease, sleep disturbance, depression, suicide, anger, rage, violence, homicide, neurological disease and mortality.
Composition and Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces

Since Branemark discovered the favorable effects of titanium in bone healing in 1965, titanium has emerged as the gold standard bulk material for present-time dental implantology. In the course of years researchers aimed for improvement of the implants performance in bone even at compromised implant sites and multiple factors were investigated influencing osseointegration. This review summarizes and clarifies the four factors that are currently recognized being relevant to influence the tissue-implant contact ratio: bulk materials and coatings, topography, surface energy, and biofunctionalization. The macrodesigns of bulk materials (e.g., titanium, zirconium, stainless steel, tantalum, and magnesium) provide the mechanical stability and their influence on bone cells can be additionally improved by surface treatment with various materials (calcium phosphates, strontium, bioglasses, diamond-like carbon, and diamond). Surface topography can be modified via different techniques to increase the bone-implant contact, for example, plasma-spraying, grit-blasting, acid-etching, and microarc oxidation. Surface energy (e.g., wettability and polarity) showed a strong effect on cell behavior and cell adhesion. Functionalization with bioactive molecules (via physisorption, covalent binding, or carrier systems) targets enhanced osseointegration. Despite the satisfying clinical results of presently used dental implant materials, further research on innovative implant surfaces is inevitable to pursuit perfection in soft and hard tissue performance.
Elevated Hemostasis Markers after Pneumonia Increases One-Year Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Deaths

Background Acceleration of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease, may increase long-term mortality after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Persistence of the prothrombotic state that occurs during an acute infection may increase risk of subsequent atherothrombosis in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and increase subsequent risk of death. We hypothesized that circulating hemostasis markers activated during CAP persist at hospital discharge, when patients appear to have recovered clinically, and are associated with higher mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular causes. Methods In a cohort of survivors of CAP hospitalization from 28 US sites, we measured D-Dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complexes [TAT], Factor IX, antithrombin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 at hospital discharge, and determined 1-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results Of 893 subjects, most did not have severe pneumonia (70.6% never developed severe sepsis) and only 13.4% required intensive care unit admission. At discharge, 88.4% of subjects had normal vital signs and appeared to have clinically recovered. D-dimer and TAT levels were elevated at discharge in 78.8% and 30.1% of all subjects, and in 51.3% and 25.3% of those without severe sepsis. Higher D-dimer and TAT levels were associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (range of hazard ratios were 1.66-1.17, p = 0.0001 and 1.46-1.04, p = 0.001 after adjusting for demographics and comorbid illnesses) and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.009 and 0.003 in competing risk analyses). Conclusions Elevations of TAT and D-dimer levels are common at hospital discharge in patients who appeared to have recovered clinically from pneumonia and are associated with higher risk of subsequent deaths, particularly due to cardiovascular disease.
Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of Primary Coronary Events in Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Study

Arterial stiffness may predict coronary heart disease beyond classic risk factors. In a longitudinal study, we assessed the predictive value of arterial stiffness on coronary heart disease in patients with essential hypertension and without known clinical cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffness was determined from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at baseline in 1045 hypertensives. The risk assessment of coronary heart disease was made by calculating the Framingham risk score according to the categories of gender, age, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. Mean age at entry was 51 years, and mean follow-up was 5.7 years. Coronary events (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and angina pectoris) and all cardiovascular events served as outcome variables in Cox proportional-hazard regression models. Fifty-three coronary events and 97 total cardiovascular events occurred. In univariate analysis, the relative risk of follow-up coronary event or any cardiovascular event increased with increasing level of pulse wave velocity; for 1 SD, ie, 3.5 m/s, relatives risks were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.82;P <0.01) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.70;P <0.001), respectively. Framingham score significantly predicted the occurrence of coronary and all cardiovascular events in this population (P <0.01 and P <0.0001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, pulse wave velocity remained significantly associated with the occurrence of coronary event after adjustment either of Framingham score (for 3.5 m/s: relative risk, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.79;P =0.039) or classic risk factors (for 3.5 m/s: relative risk, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.79;P =0.01). Parallel results were observed for all cardiovascular events. This study provides the first direct evidence in a longitudinal study that aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in patients with essential hypertension.
Ordered multiple‐class ROC analysis with continuous measurements

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves have been useful in two‐group classification problems. In three‐ and multiple‐class diagnostic problems, an ROC surface or hyper‐surface can be constructed. The volume under these surfaces can be used for inference using bootstrap techniques or U‐statistics theory. In this article, ROC surfaces and hyper‐surfaces are defined and their behaviour and utility in multi‐group classification problems is investigated. The formulation of the problem is equivalent to what has previously been proposed in the general multi‐category classification problem but the definition of ROC surfaces here is less complex and addresses directly the narrower problem of ordered categories in the three‐class and, by extension, the multi‐class problem applied to continuous and ordinal data. Non‐parametric manipulation of both continuous and discrete test data and comparison between two diagnostic tests applied to the same subjects are considered. A three‐group classification example in the context of HIV neurological disease is presented and the results are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining N-grams and Alignment in G-protein Coupling Specificity Prediction

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) interact with G-proteins to regulate much of the cell’s response to external stimuli; abnormalities in which cause numerous diseases. We developed a new method to predict the families of G-proteins with which it interacts, given its residue sequence. We combine both alignment and n-gram features. The former captures long-range interactions but assumes the linear ordering of conserved segments is preserved. The latter makes no such assumption but cannot capture long-range interactions. By combining alignment and n-gram features, and using the entire GPCR sequence (instead of intracellular regions alone, as was done by others), our method outperformed the current state-of-the-art in precision, recall and F1, attaining 0.753 in F1 and 0.796 in accuracy on the PTbase 2004 dataset. Moreover, analysis of our results shows that the majority of coupling specificity information lies in the beginning of the 2nd intracellular loop and over the length of the 3rd.
Hyperhomocysteinemia : An Effect Reversible With Vitamin C Therapy Demonstration of Rapid Onset Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction After

Hyperhomocysteinemia : An Effect Reversible With Vitamin C Therapy Demonstration of Rapid Onset Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction After Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 1999 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 99.9. 1156 1999;99:1156-1160 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/99/9/1156 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Difference in second-formant transitions between aspirated and unaspirated stop consonants preceding [a].

Perceptual experiments with synthetic speech have shown that the category boundary on an acoustic [pɑ‐tɑ] continuum (obtained by varying the onset frequencies of the second and third formants) is closer to the labial endpoint than the boundary on a [pbɑ‐tbɑ] continuum. Of several possible explanations, the most plausible seems to be that natural unaspirated and aspirated stops have different formant transitions. To supplement limited data in the literature, an acoustic analysis of CV syllables produced by ten male speakers of American English was conducted. The results show very clearly that the second formants of [pbɑ] and [tbɑ] start 100–200 Hz higher than those of [pɑ] and [tɑ], and reach comparable frequency values only at voicing onset. This difference, which is probably an acoustic consequence of subglottal coupling during aspiration, seems to be part of a listener's tacit knowledge of phonetic regularities and thus explains the perceptual boundary shift. It also needs to be taken into account in re.
EBSD-Based Dislocation Microscopy

Recent advances in high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)-based microscopy are applied to the characterization of incompatibility structures near the grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystals. The principal interest described here is recovery of geometrically-necessary dislocation (density) tensors, of the 2- and 3-D type, described by Nye and Kröner. These developments are presented in the context of the continuum dislocation theory. High resolution data obtained near a single grain boundary in well-annealed, low content steel suggests that it may be possible to measure the intrinsic elastic properties of GBs.
A Method for Ferulic Acid Production from Rice Bran Oil Soapstock Using a Homogenous System

Ferulic acid (FA) is widely used as an antioxidant, e.g., as a Ultraviolet (UV) protectant in cosmetics and in various medical applications. It has been produced by the hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol found in rice bran oil soapstock. In this study, the base-catalyzed, homogenous hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol was conducted using various ratios of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to γ-oryzanol, initial concentrations of γ-oryzanol in the reaction mixture, and ratios of ethanol (EtOH) (as cosolvent)/ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (γ-oryzanol solution). Acceleration of the reaction using a planar type of ultrasound sonicator (78 and 130 kHz) at different reaction temperatures was explored. By using a heating method, the 80% yield of FA was attained at 75 °C in 4 h under homogeneous conditions (initial concentration of γ-oryzanol 12 mg/mL, the KOH/γ-oryzanol ratio (wt/wt) 10/1, and EtOH/EtOAc ratio (v/v) 5/1). With the assistance of 78 and 130 kHz irradiation, the yields reached 90%. The heating method was applied for the γ-oryzanol-containing extract prepared from rice bran oil soapstock. From soapstock, the 74.3% yield of FA was obtained, but 20% of the trans-FA in the reaction mixture was transformed into cis-form within one month.
User evaluation of Físchlár-News

Technological developments in content-based analysis of digital video information are undergoing much progress, with ideas for fully automatic systems now being proposed and demonstrated. Yet because we do not yet have robust operational video retrieval systems that can be deployed and used, the usual HCI practise of conducting a usage study and an informed iterative system design is thus not possible. Físchlár-News is one of the first automatic, content-based broadcast news analysis and archival systems that process broadcast news video so that users can search, browse, and play it in an easy-to-use manner with a conventional web browser. The system incorporates a number of state-of-the-art research components, some of which are not yet considered mature technology, yet it has been built to be robust enough to be deployed to users who are interested in access to daily news throughout a university campus. In this article we report and discuss a user-evaluation study conducted with 16 users, each of whom utilized the system freely for a one month period. Results from a detailed qualitative analysis are presented, looking at collected questionnaires, incident diaries, and interaction-log data. The findings suggest that our users employed the system in conjunction with their other news update methods, such as watching TV news at home and browsing online news websites at their workplace, their major concerns being up-to-dateness and coverage of the news content. They tried to accommodate the system to fit their established web browsing habits, and they found local news content and the ability to play self-contained news stories on their desktop as major values of the system. Our study also resulted in a detailed wishlist of new features which will help in the further development of both our and others' systems.
Dictionary learning for sparsity-driven SAR image reconstruction

We consider the problem of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation, where the underlying scene is to be reconstructed from undersampled observed data. Sparsity-based methods for SAR imaging have employed overcomplete dictionaries to represent the magnitude of the complex-valued field sparsely. Selection of an appropriate dictionary with respect to the features of the particular type of underlying scene plays an important role in these methods. In this paper, we develop a new reconstruction method that is based on learning sparsifying dictionaries and using such learned dictionaries in the reconstruction process. Adaptive dictionaries learned from data have the potential to represent the magnitude of complex-valued field more effectively and hence have the potential to widen the applicability of sparsity-based radar imaging. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on both synthetic and real SAR images.
A Recurrent Network Mechanism of Time Integration in Perceptual Decisions

Recent physiological studies using behaving monkeys revealed that, in a two-alternative forced-choice visual motion discrimination task, reaction time was correlated with ramping of spike activity of lateral intraparietal cortical neurons. The ramping activity appears to reflect temporal accumulation, on a timescale of hundreds of milliseconds, of sensory evidence before a decision is reached. To elucidate the cellular and circuit basis of such integration times, we developed and investigated a simplified two-variable version of a biophysically realistic cortical network model of decision making. In this model, slow time integration can be achieved robustly if excitatory reverberation is primarily mediated by NMDA receptors; our model with only fast AMPA receptors at recurrent synapses produces decision times that are not comparable with experimental observations. Moreover, we found two distinct modes of network behavior, in which decision computation by winner-take-all competition is instantiated with or without attractor states for working memory. Decision process is closely linked to the local dynamics, in the “decision space” of the system, in the vicinity of an unstable saddle steady state that separates the basins of attraction for the two alternative choices. This picture provides a rigorous and quantitative explanation for the dependence of performance and response time on the degree of task difficulty, and the reason for which reaction times are longer in error trials than in correct trials as observed in the monkey experiment. Our reduced two-variable neural model offers a simple yet biophysically plausible framework for studying perceptual decision making in general.
Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: a new era in cancer treatment

The therapeutic efficacy of some anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) depends on the capacity of the mAb to recognize the tumor-associated antigen and induce cytotoxicity via a network of immune effector cells. This process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells is triggered by the interaction of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of the mAb with the Fc receptors on effector cells like natural killer cells, macrophages, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. By augmenting ADCC, the antitumor activity of mAbs can be significantly increased. Currently, identifying and developing therapeutic agents that enhance ADCC is a growing area of research. Combining existing tumor-targeting mAbs and ADCC-promoting agents that stimulate effector cells will translate to greater clinical responses. In this review, we discuss strategies for enhancing ADCC and emphasize the potential of combination treatments that include US Food and Drug Administration-approved mAbs and immunostimulatory therapeutics.
Neural Semantic Parsing with Type Constraints for Semi-Structured Tables

We present a new semantic parsing model for answering compositional questions on semi-structured Wikipedia tables. Our parser is an encoder-decoder neural network with two key technical innovations: (1) a grammar for the decoder that only generates well-typed logical forms; and (2) an entity embedding and linking module that identifies entity mentions while generalizing across tables. We also introduce a novel method for training our neural model with question-answer supervision. On the WikiTableQuestions data set, our parser achieves a state-of-the-art accuracy of 43.3% for a single model and 45.9% for a 5-model ensemble, improving on the best prior score of 38.7% set by a 15-model ensemble. These results suggest that type constraints and entity linking are valuable components to incorporate in neural semantic parsers.
Fast global registration of 3D sampled surfaces using a multi-z-buffer technique

We present a new method for the global registration of several overlapping 3D surfaces sampled on an object. The method is based on the ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm and on a segmentation of the sampled points in an optimized set of z-buffers. This multi-z-buffer technique provides a 3D space partitioning which greatly accelerates the search of the nearest neighbours in the establishment of the point-to-point correspondence between overlapping surfaces. Then a randomized iterative registration is processed on the surface set. We have tested an implementation of this technique on real sampled surfaces. It appears to be rapid accurate and robust, especially in the case of highly curved objects.
Entropy-Controlled Quadratic Markov Measure Field Models for Efficient Image Segmentation

We present a new Markov random field (MRF) based model for parametric image segmentation. Instead of directly computing a label map, our method computes the probability that the observed data at each pixel is generated by a particular intensity model. Prior information about segmentation smoothness and low entropy of the probability distribution maps is codified in the form of a MRF with quadratic potentials so that the optimal estimator is obtained by solving a quadratic cost function with linear constraints. Although, for segmentation purposes, the mode of the probability distribution at each pixel is naturally used as an optimal estimator, our method permits the use of other estimators, such as the mean or the median, which may be more appropriate for certain applications. Numerical experiments and comparisons with other published schemes are performed, using both synthetic images and real data of brain MRI for which expert hand-made segmentations are available. Finally, we show that the proposed methodology may be easily extended to other problems, such as stereo disparity estimation.
Model-based recasting in answer-set programming

Abstract As is well known, answer-set programs do not satisfy the replacement property in general, i.e., programs and that are equivalent may cease to be so when they are put in the context of some other program , i.e., and may have different (sets of) answer sets. Lifschitz, Pearce, and Valverde (2001) thus introduced strong equivalence for context-independent equivalence, and proved that such equivalence holds between given programs and iff and are equivalent theories in the monotonic logic of here-and-there. In this article, we consider a related question: given a program , does there exist some program from a certain class of programs such that and are equivalent under a given notion of equivalence? Furthermore, if the answer to this question is positive, how can we recast as an equivalent program from (i.e., construct such a )? In particular, we consider classes of programs that emerge by (dis)allowing disjunction and/or negation, and as equivalence notions we consider strong, uniform, and ordinary equivalence. Based on general model-theoretic properties and a novel form of canonical programs, we develop semantic characterisations for the existence of such a program , determine the computational complexity of checking existence, and provide (local) rewriting rules for recasting.