Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network structure and patterns of information diversity on Twitter

Social media have great potential to support diverse information sharing, but there is widespread concern that platforms like Twitter do not result in communication between those who hold contradictory viewpoints. Because users can choose whom to follow, prior research suggests that social media users exist in “echo chambers” or become polarized. We seek evidence of this in a complete cross section of hyperlinks posted on Twitter, using previously validated measures of the political slant of news sources to study information diversity. Contrary to prediction, we find that the average account posts links to more politically moderate news sources than the ones they receive in their own feed. However, members of a tiny network core do exhibit cross-sectional evidence of polarization and are responsible for the majority of tweets received overall due to their popularity and activity, which could explain the widespread perception of polarization on social media.
Change Point Detection in Time Series Using Higher-Order Statistics: A Heuristic Approach

Changes in the level of a time series are usually attributed to an intervention that affects its temporal evolution. The resulting time series are referred to as interrupted time series and may be used to identify the events that caused the intervention and to quantify their impact. In the present paper, a heuristic method for level change detection in time series is presented. The method uses higher-order statistics, namely, the skewness and the kurtosis, and can identify both the existence of a change in the level of the time series and the time instance when it has happened. The technique is straightforwardly applicable to the detection of outliers in time series and promises to have several applications. The method is tested with both simulated and real-world data and is compared to other popular change detection techniques.
Force Eruption of Mandibular Second Incisor in an 11- Year Old Boy: A Technical Report

There is a great challenge in the treatment of deeply fractured and un-restorable teeth among dentists. Orthodontic force eruption is a method of treatment for these teeth to preserve natural root system and periodontal structures. This technical report is a new modification of this procedure presented in an 11- year old boy with deeply fractured left second mandibular incisor. The fractured teeth were treated with root canal therapy and a file #80 was modified to become a hook cemented into the fractured tooth. Anterior teeth were splinted and used as anchorage to help the root extrusion. 1-year follow up of the tooth showed the convenience of the treatment. This simple and low-cost method can be an acceptable alternative to the current high cost techniques, achieving the same results.
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian Subcontinent

The impact of climate change on the hydro-climatology of the Indian subcontinent is investigated by comparing statistics of current and projected future fluxes resulting from three RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Climate projections from the CORDEX-South Asia framework have been bias-corrected using the Distribution-Based Scaling (DBS) method and used to force the HYPE hydrological model to generate projections of evapotranspiration, runoff, soil moisture deficit, snow depth, and applied irrigation water to soil. We also assess the changes in the annual cycles in three major rivers located in different hydro-climatic regions. Results show that conclusions can be influenced by uncertainty in the RCP scenarios. Future scenarios project a gradual increase in temperature (up to 7 °C on average), whilst changes (both increase and decrease) in the long-term average precipitation and evapotranspiration are more severe at the end of the century. The potential change (increase and decrease) in runoff could reach 100% depending on the region and time horizon. Analysis of annual cycles for three selected regions showed that changes in discharge and evapotranspiration due to climate change vary between seasons, whereas the magnitude of change is dependent on the region’s hydro-climatic gradient. Irrigation needs and the snow depth in the Himalayas are also affected.
GENDER AS MODERATOR AND AGE AS MEDIATOR VARIABLES IN PREDICTION OF SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT BY SELF-EVALUTED SYMPTOMS OF ADHD

The aim of the research was to examine the moderating role of gender and the mediating role of age in predicting the school adjustment by self-evaluating the symptoms of ADHD. The study included 501 students from higher grades of primary school, out of which 50.7% were boys, and the average age was 12.72. They completed Hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention Scale, Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children, and were given some general information. Research showed that gender had only main effect on the school success, meaning that being female predicted a better school success. Age had completely mediating role for symptoms of hyperactivity and a school success (i.e., as the students’ age increases, there is no correlation between hyperactivity and the school success), and a partial mediating role for symptoms of inattention and both measures of school adjustment (i.e., as the students’ age increases the correlation among symptoms of inattention and academic self-efficacy and school success become weaker).
Table 1 Diet formulation in the trials % Ingredients Pangola hay Yellow corn Soybean meal Wheat bran Limestone Dicalcium phosphate Salt Premix a Total Calculated value Crude protein Neutral detergent fiber Acid detergent fiber Calcium Phosphorus Net energy

The protein degradabilities of feedstuffs, roughages and by-products that are commonly used in ruminant rations, were measured by the in situ nylon bag method. Four dry dairy cows were fistulated in the rumen for the in situ nylon bag studies. Twenty-eight different feedstuff samples were placed in 4.5 X 6.5 cm nylon bags, and were then incubated in the rumen for different periods of time (0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h). Under 8% of rumen solid outflow rate, the percentages of the calculated protein degradability were: corn gluten meal, 8.8; feather meal, 29.1; soya pomace, 79.1; brewers grain, 37.1; distillers grain, 53.9; meat and bone meal, 51.9; wheat bran, 76.8; corn, 34.6, respectively. The size of nylon bag was changed to 10 X 20 cm, and the method of bag suspension was also changed, whilst the incubation period was extended two additional periods of 48 and 72 h in the second trial. The results of the protein degradabilities in 8% ruminal outflow rate were as follows: pangola hay. 38.6; soya pomace, 83.3; corn silage, 75.6; rice bran, 52.5; napier grass, 34.7; distillers grain, 60.1; brewers grain, 54.9; alfalfa hay, 71.8; fish meal, 37.5; soybean meal, 68.0; beancurd pomace, 61.7, respectively. All the degradabilities mentioned were uncorrected for influx microbial nitrogen. From the smaller standard deviation of the crude protein disappearance rate in the large nylon bags (trial 21, it recommended the size of the nylon bags is 10 X 20 cm instead of 4.5 X 6.5 cm.
The effect of anti-angiogenic agents on overall survival in metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Studies of anti-angiogenic agents (AAs), combined with chemotherapy (chemo) or as monotherapy in metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer (mOGC), have reported mixed outcomes. We undertook systematic review and meta-analysis to determine their overall benefits and harms. Methods Randomized controlled trials in mOGC were sought investigating the addition of AAs to standard therapy (best supportive care or chemo). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) with secondary endpoints progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and toxicity. Estimates of treatment effect from individual trials were combined using standard techniques. Subgroup analyses were performed by line of therapy, region, age, performance status, histological type, number of metastatic sites, primary site, mechanism of action and HER2 status. Results Fifteen trials evaluating 3502 patients were included in quantitative analysis. The addition of AAs was associated with improved OS: HR 0·81 (95% CI 0·75–0·88, p<0·00001) and improved PFS: HR 0·68 (95% CI 0·63–0·74, p<0·00001). Subgroup analyses favoured greater benefit for OS in 2nd/3rd line settings (HR 0·74) compared to 1st-line settings (HR 0·91) (X2 = 6·00, p = 0·01). OS benefit was seen across all regions—Asia (HR 0·83) and rest of world (HR 0·75)—without significant subgroup interaction. Results from 8 trials evaluating 2602 patients were pooled for toxicity > = Grade 3: with OR 1·39 (95% CI 1·17–1·65). Conclusions The addition of AAs to standard therapy in mOGC improves OS. Improved efficacy was only observed in 2nd- or 3rd-line setting and not in 1st-line setting. Consistent OS benefit was present across all geographical regions. This benefit is at the expense of increased overall toxicity.
Conditional stability for ill-posed elliptic Cauchy problems : the case of Lipschitz domains (part II)

This paper is devoted to a conditional stability estimate related to the ill-posed Cauchy problems for the Laplace's equation in domains with Lipschitz boundary. It completes the results obtained in \cite{bourgeois1} for domains of class $C^{1,1}$. This estimate is established by using an interior Carleman estimate and a technique based on a sequence of balls which approach the boundary. This technique is inspired from \cite{alessandrini}. We obtain a logarithmic stability estimate, the exponent of which is specified as a function of the boundary's singularity. Such stability estimate induces a convergence rate for the method of quasi-reversibility introduced in \cite{lions} to solve the Cauchy problems. The optimality of this convergence rate is tested numerically, precisely a discretized method of quasi-reversibility is performed by using a nonconforming finite element. The obtained results show very good agreement between theoretical and numerical convergence rates.
Understanding mobile Q&A usage: an exploratory study

Recently questioning and answering (Q&A) communities that facilitate knowledge sharing among people have been introduced to the mobile environments such as Naver Mobile Q&A and ChaCha. These mobile Q&A services are very different from traditional Q&A sites in that questions/answers are short in length and are exchanged via mobile devices (e.g., SMS or mobile Internet). While traditional Q&A sites have been well investigated, so far little is known about the mobile Q&A usage. To understand mobile Q&A usage, we analyzed 2.4 million question/answer pairs spanning a 14 month period from Naver Mobile Q&A and performed a complementary survey study of 555 active mobile Q&A users. We find that mobile Q&A is deeply wired into users' everyday life activities - its usage is largely dependent on users' spatial, temporal, and social contexts; the key factors of mobile Q&A usage are accessibility/convenience of mobile Q&A, promptness of receiving answers, and users' satisficing behavior of information seeking (i.e., minimizing efforts and settling with good enough information). We also observe that users tend to seek more factual information attributed to everyday life activities than they do on traditional Q&A sites and that they exhibit unique interaction patterns such as repeating and refining questions as coping strategies in seeking information needs. Our main findings reported in the paper have significant implications on the design of mobile Q&A systems.
Accounting Control and Controlling Accounting: Interdisciplinary and Critical Perspectives

This book advocates and illustrates the power of Interdisciplinary & Critical Perspectives, drawn from a range of social sciences, to critically analyse accounting processes & practices. Its particular focus is the extensive forms of societal regulations & requirements that are made over organisations, particularly public sector organisations, that are driven by forms of accounting, collectively described as Accounting Control in the book. These regulations & requirements are deeply resented by these public sector organisations and, as a result, all manner of resistance strategies are adopted, which are described as Controlling Accounting in the book. The book is primarily conceptual but, given the particular Interdisciplinary & Critical research approach adopted, relies heavily on drawing from empirical cases to develop the conceptual ideas. The book, therefore, analyses actual public sector Accounting Control & Controlling Accounting strategies and counter-strategies primarily, but not exclusively, from the United Kingdom, to develop the conceptual ideas. The book ends with a critical analysis of the forces & counter-forces of Accounting Control & Controlling Accounting.
Expression of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 during differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells in culture

We have defined the expression of the macrophages (m phi)-specific antigen (Ag) F4/80 during differentiation in culture. The progenitor cells-the colony-forming unit in culture and cluster-forming cell- lacked Ag F4/80 but gave rise to colonies of F4/80-positive adherent m phi, as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and clonal assays with L cell-conditioned medium as the source of growth factor. Ag F4/80 first appeared on a nonadherent precursor found in mass liquid BM cultures after 3 d. Once adherent, m phi expressed high levels of Ag F4/80 and other markers. The role of L cell-conditioned medium and of adherence on expression of Ag F4/80 was also examined. Clonal analysis of F4/80 and other Ag, Mac-1, and 2.4G2 (FcR) showed that all cells in all independent colonies come to express these markers. These studies establish that F4/80 is a marker for the more mature stages of m phi development and that Ag expression increases progressively during maturation in vitro. Heterogeneity of Ag expression can be ascribed to variation in development and not to independent subsets of the m phi.
Random permutations fix a worst case for cyclic coordinate descent

Variants of the coordinate descent approach for minimizing a nonlinear function are distinguished in part by the order in which coordinates are considered for relaxation. Three common orderings are cyclic (CCD), in which we cycle through the components of $x$ in order; randomized (RCD), in which the component to update is selected randomly and independently at each iteration; and random-permutations cyclic (RPCD), which differs from CCD only in that a random permutation is applied to the variables at the start of each cycle. Known convergence guarantees are weaker for CCD and RPCD than for RCD, though in most practical cases, computational performance is similar among all these variants. There is a certain type of quadratic function for which CCD is significantly slower than for RCD; a recent paper by Sun & Ye (2016, Worst-case complexity of cyclic coordinate descent: $O(n^2)$ gap with randomized version. Technical Report. Stanford, CA: Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University. arXiv:1604.07130) has explored the poor behavior of CCD on functions of this type. The RPCD approach performs well on these functions, even better than RCD in a certain regime. This paper explains the good behavior of RPCD with a tight analysis.
Discriminant Analysis of Raman Spectra for Body Fluid Identification for Forensic Purposes

Detection and identification of blood, semen and saliva stains, the most common body fluids encountered at a crime scene, are very important aspects of forensic science today. This study targets the development of a nondestructive, confirmatory method for body fluid identification based on Raman spectroscopy coupled with advanced statistical analysis. Dry traces of blood, semen and saliva obtained from multiple donors were probed using a confocal Raman microscope with a 785-nm excitation wavelength under controlled laboratory conditions. Results demonstrated the capability of Raman spectroscopy to identify an unknown substance to be semen, blood or saliva with high confidence.
Role of p 38 and ERK MAP kinase in proliferation of erythroid progenitors in response to stimulation by soluble and membrane isoforms of stem cell factor

Two alternatively spliced stem cell factor (SCF) transcripts encode protein products, which differ in the duration of membrane presentation. One form, soluble SCF (S-SCF) gets rapidly processed to yield predominantly secreted protein. The other form, membrane-associated SCF (MA-SCF) lacks the primary proteolytic cleavage site but is cleaved slowly from an alternate site, and thus represents a more stable membrane form of SCF. Mutants of SCF that lack the expression of MA-SCF (Steel-dickie) or possess a defect in its presentation (Steel17H ) manifest deficiencies in erythroid cell development. In this study, we have compared the consequence(s) of activating Kit, the receptor for SCF by MA-SCF with S-SCF, and an obligate membrane-restricted (MR) form of SCF (MR-SCF) on erythroid cell survival, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and the activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinase pathways. Activation of Kit by MR-SCF was associated with a significantly lower incidence of apoptosis and cell death in erythroid cells compared to either other isoform. MRor MA-SCF– induced stimulation of erythroid cells resulted in similar and significantly greater proliferation and cell cycle progression compared to soluble SCF. The increase in proliferation and cell cycle progression via MAor MR-SCF stimulation correlated with sustained and enhanced activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinase pathways. In addition, MRor MA-SCF–induced proliferation was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of ERK inhibitor compared to S-SCF–induced proliferation. In contrast, soluble SCF-induced proliferation was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of p38 inhibitor compared with MRor MASCF. These results suggest that different isoforms of SCF may use different biochemical pathways in stimulation of survival and/or proliferation of erythroid cells. (Blood. 2002;100:1287-1293)
Journal of Translational Medicine Human Fallopian Tube: a New Source of Multipotent Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Discarded in Surgical Procedures

Background: The possibility of using stem cells for regenerative medicine has opened a new field of investigation. The search for sources to obtain multipotent stem cells from discarded tissues or through non-invasive procedures is of great interest. It has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from umbilical cords, dental pulp and adipose tissue, which are all biological discards, are able to differentiate into muscle, fat, bone and cartilage cell lineages. The aim of this study was to isolate, expand, characterize and assess the differentiation potential of MSCs from human fallopian tubes (hFTs).
The Tsunami Report Card

Almost a year has passed since a massive tsunami devastated coastal communities throughout Asia in one of the worst natural disasters in modern times. On Dec. 26, 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale sent ocean waves to Asian and East African shores, killing more than 225,000 people and displacing 1.7 million. The disaster spurred into action governments, international organizations, and hundreds of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Relief operations proceeded quickly and effectively, providing food, clean water, health services, and temporary shelter for hundreds of thousands of people. The remarkable response prevented the widely anticipated “second tsunami” of disease and malnutrition.
A Toy Model of Chemical Reaction Networks

Chemical reactions networks (CRN) occur in our metabolism, in planetary atmospheres, they are used in combinatorial chemistry, and in the study of chemical decay processes. We want to study the properties these networks have in common by simulating them. Available simulations range from chemically accurate quantum mechanical simulations to artificial chemistries like the λ-calculus, with transparent dynamics. The one extreme is slow and difficult to analyze, while the other extreme does not include thermodynamics and other important features of chemistry. Our model represents an intermediate level of abstraction. In analogy to the tree representation of the secondary structure of RNA, three-dimensional molecules are reduced to the topology of their graph representation. Using a parametrized Extended Hückel Theory, the graphs can then be submitted to a simple quantum mechanical wave function analysis. This yields for every graph an energy, its charge distribution, and molecular orbitals. Additionally, reaction mechanisms are abstracted by graph rewriting rules. The set of these rules thus specifies the chemistry of a CRN, i.e. its combinatorics. Directed by the energy and wave function shape of the reactants for every reaction, rewriting rules may be repeatedly applied. Thus a reaction network is generated from an initial set of molecules. The aim of this model is to provide a consistent framework in which generic properties of a chemical reaction network can be explored. Two example networks have been built and studied. A repetitive Diels-Alder network was shown to be scale-free and small-world, while the formose reaction network displayed both properties less pronouncedly.
Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry and Predictive Equations in Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate in Underweight Females

Background: Underweight as a public health problem in young women is associated with nutritional deficiencies, menstrual irregularity, eating disorders, reduced fertility, etc. Since resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a necessary component in the development of nutrition support therapy, therefore we determined the accuracy of commonly used predictive equations against RMR measured by indirect calorimetry among healthy young underweight females. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 underweight females aged 18–30 years old with body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 in 2013. After collecting anthropometric data, body composition was measured by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). RMR was measured by using indirect calorimetry (FitMate™) and was estimated by 10 commonly used predictive equations. Comparisons were conducted using paired t-test. The accuracy of the RMR equations was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of subjects’ predicted RMR within 10% of measured RMR. Results: The mean BMI of subjects was 17.3±1.3 kg/m2. The measured RMR ranged 736–1490 kcal/day (mean 1084.7±175 kcal/day). Findings indicated that except Muller and Abbreviation, other equations significantly over estimated RMR, compared to measured value (P<0.05). As an individual prediction accuracy, these predictive equations showed poor performance with the highest accuracy rate of 54.8% for Muller equation (22.1% under and 23.1% over-prediction) and 43.3% for Abbreviation equation (31.7% under and 25% over-prediction), the percentage bias was 1.8% and 0.63% and RMSE was 162 and 173 kcal/d, respectively. Conclusion: Although Muller equation gave fairly acceptable prediction, more suitable new equations are needed to be developed to help better management of nutritional plans in young underweight people.