Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a sensor-based gait analysis system. Eleven healthy subjects and four Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients were asked to complete gait tasks whilst wearing two inertial measurement units at their feet. The extracted spatio-temporal parameters of 1166 strides were compared to those extracted from a reference camera-based motion capture system concerning concurrent validity. Test–retest reliability was assessed for five healthy subjects at three different days in a two week period. The two systems were highly correlated for all gait parameters (r>0.93). The bias for stride time was 0±16 ms and for stride length was 1.4±6.7 cm. No systematic range dependent errors were observed and no significant changes existed between healthy subjects and PD patients. Test-retest reliability was excellent for all parameters (intraclass correlation (ICC) > 0.81) except for gait velocity (ICC > 0.55). The sensor-based system was able to accurately capture spatio-temporal gait parameters as compared to the reference camera-based system for normal and impaired gait. The system’s high retest reliability renders the use in recurrent clinical measurements and in long-term applications feasible.
Absence of Hormone-sensitive Lipase Inhibits Obesity and Adipogenesis in Lepob/ob Mice*

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester in various tissues including adipose tissues. To explore the role of HSL in the metabolism of fat and carbohydrate, we have generated mice lacking both leptin and HSL (Lepob/ob/HSL-/-) by cross-breeding HSL-/- mice with genetically obese Lepob/ob mice. Unexpectedly, Lepob/ob/HSL-/- mice ate less food, gained less weight, and had lower adiposity than Lepob/ob/HSL+/+ mice. Lepob/ob/HSL-/- mice had massive accumulation of preadipocytes in white adipose tissues with increased expression of preadipocyte-specific genes (CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β and adipose differentiation-related protein) and decreased expression of genes characteristic of mature adipocytes (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ, and adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1). Consistent with the reduced food intake, hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide was decreased. Since HSL is expressed in hypothalamus, we speculate that defective generation of free fatty acids in the hypothalamus due to the absence of HSL mediates the altered expression of these orexigenic neuropeptides. Thus, deficiency of both leptin and HSL has unmasked novel roles of HSL in adipogenesis as well as in feeding behavior.
MetaStorage: A Federated Cloud Storage System to Manage Consistency-Latency Tradeoffs

Cost and scalability benefits of Cloud storage services are apparent. However, selecting a single storage service provider limits availability and scalability to the selected provider and may further cause a vendor lock-in effect. In this paper, we present MetaStorage, a federated Cloud storage system that can integrate diverse Cloud storage providers. MetaStorage is a highly available and scalable distributed hash table that replicates data on top of diverse storage services. MetaStorage reuses mechanisms from Amazon's Dynamo for cross-provider replication and hence introduces a novel approach to manage consistency-latency tradeoffs by extending the traditional quorum (N,R,W) configurations to an (N_P,R,W) scheme that includes different providers as an additional dimension. With MetaStorage, new means to control consistency-latency tradeoffs are introduced.
Precision lifetime measurements of the 6p2P1/2,3/2 states in atomic cesium.

We report measurements of the 6[ital p][sup 2][ital P][sub 1/2] and 6[ital p][sup 2][ital P][sub 3/2] state lifetimes in the [sup 133]Cs atom with precisions of 0.23% and 0.27%, respectively. The results are important to the interpretation of the next generation of parity nonconservation experiments in atomic cesium. A diode laser was used to selectively excite a fast beam of neutral cesium atoms. The decay in flight of the fluorescence was observed with photon-counting detectors. The lifetime results are 34.934[plus minus]0.094 ns for the 6[ital p][sup 2][ital P][sub 1/2] state and 30.499[plus minus]0.070 ns for the 6[ital p][sup 2][ital P][sub 3/2] state. We present comparisons with previous measurements and with relativistic many-body calculations of alkali-metal-atom transition matrix elements.
INITIAL DATA RELEASE OF THE KEPLER-INT SURVEY

This paper describes the first data release of the Kepler-INT Survey (KIS) that covers a 116 deg2 region of the Cygnus and Lyra constellations. The Kepler field is the target of the most intensive search for transiting planets to date. Despite the fact that the Kepler mission provides superior time-series photometry, with an enormous impact on all areas of stellar variability, its field lacks optical photometry complete to the confusion limit of the Kepler instrument necessary for selecting various classes of targets. For this reason, we follow the observing strategy and data reduction method used in the IPHAS and UVEX galactic plane surveys in order to produce a deep optical survey of the Kepler field. This initial release concerns data taken between 2011 May and August, using the Isaac Newton Telescope on the island of La Palma. Four broadband filters were used, U, g, r, i, as well as one narrowband one, Hα, reaching down to a 10σ limit of ∼20th mag in the Vega system. Observations covering ∼50 deg2, thus about half of the field, passed our quality control thresholds and constitute this first data release. We derive a global photometric calibration by placing the KIS magnitudes as close as possible to the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) photometry. The initial data release catalog containing around 6 million sources from all the good photometric fields is available for download from the KIS Web site (www.astro.warwick.ac.uk/research/kis/) as well as via MAST (KIS magnitudes can be retrieved using the MAST enhanced target search page http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/kepler_fov/search.php and also via Casjobs at MAST Web site http://mastweb.stsci.edu/kplrcasjobs/).
JAK2 and SHP2 Reciprocally Regulate Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Stability of Proapoptotic Protein ASK1*

Previously we have shown that tyrosine 718 of ASK1 when phosphorylated is critical for SOCS1 binding and SOCS1-mediated degradation of ASK1. However, the kinase and phosphatase responsible for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of ASK1 at Tyr-718 are unknown. In this study, we identified JAK2 and SHP2 as a Tyr-718-specific kinase and phosphatase, respectively. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced degradation of ASK1 in normal but not in SOCS1-KO endothelial cells (EC). IFN-γ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ASK1 at Tyr-718 was blocked by a JAK2-specific inhibitor. IFN-γ enhanced the association between JAK2 and ASK1, and the ASK1-JAK2 complex was labile and was stabilized by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Furthermore, JAK2, but not JAK1, directly bound to and phosphorylated ASK1 at Tyr-718, leading to an enhanced association of ASK1 with SOCS1 and subsequent ASK1 degradation. Next, we showed that overexpression of the SH2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) augmented, whereas a phosphatase-inactive mutant of SHP2 inhibited, TNF-induced ASK1 dephosphorylation. SHP2 associated with ASK1 in response to tumor necrosis factor in EC. An SHP-2 substrate-trapping mutant formed a complex with tyrosine-phosphorylated ASK1, suggesting that ASK1 is a direct SHP2 substrate. Moreover, SHP2 wild type, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, dissociated SOCS1 from ASK1. IFN-γ-induced ASK1 Tyr(P)-718 was enhanced in mouse EC deficient in SHP2 (SHP2-KO). In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-induced dephosphorylation of ASK1 at Tyr(P)-718 and activation of ASK1-JNK signaling, as well as EC apoptosis, are significantly reduced in SHP2-KO EC. Our data suggest that JAK2-SOCS1 and SHP2 reciprocally regulate ASK1 phosphorylation and stability in response to cytokines.
Ford Campus vision and lidar data set

In this paper we describe a data set collected by an autonomous ground vehicle testbed, based upon a modified Ford F-250 pickup truck. The vehicle is outfitted with a professional (Applanix POS-LV) and consumer (Xsens MTi-G) inertial measurement unit, a Velodyne three-dimensional lidar scanner, two push-broom forward-looking Riegl lidars, and a Point Grey Ladybug3 omnidirectional camera system. Here we present the time-registered data from these sensors mounted on the vehicle, collected while driving the vehicle around the Ford Research Campus and downtown Dearborn, MI, during November–December 2009. The vehicle path trajectory in these data sets contains several large- and small-scale loop closures, which should be useful for testing various state-of-the-art computer vision and simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms.
Subgame-Perfect Equilibria for Stochastic Games

For an n-person stochastic game with Borel state space S and compact metric action sets A1, A2,. , An, sufficient conditions are given for the existence of subgame-perfect equilibria. One result is that such equilibria exist if the law of motion q(.∣ s, a) is, for fixed s, continuous in a = (a1,a2,.,an) for the total variation norm and the payoff functions f1, f2,. ,fn are bounded, Borel measurable functions of the sequence of states (s1, s2,.) ∈ SN and, in addition, are continuous when SN is given the product of discrete topologies on S.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Meal Replacement Beverage Twice a Day in Overweight and Obese Adults (mdrc2012-001)

This open label, single arm, prospective, interventional, weight loss trial evaluated a meal replacement beverage (Right Size ® Smoothie) used to replace breakfast and lunch each day for 12 weeks (7 clinic visits) as part of a calorie-restricted diet in overweight and obese adults. A total of 155 individuals were screened, 55 enrolled and 28 completed this 12 week study. Subjects were obese (mean weight: 206 pounds and BMI: 32.7 kg/m 2) and the mean age was 40 years including 42 (76.4%) female and 13 (23.6%) male volunteers. The modified Intent to Treat and Completer groups lost an average of 10.6 and 13.8 pounds and reduced their average BMI by 1.7 and 2.2 kg/m 2 respectively during this 12 week trial. The Per Protocol group lost 15.2 pounds and 2.4 kg/m 2 and the Optimal Weight Loss group lost 18.5 pounds and 2.9 kg/m 2. Using the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude scale (SLIM) questionnaire, subjects reported feeling relatively hungry before they consumed the beverage, then feeling relatively full 15 minutes following the beverage with the sensation of some fullness lasting more than 2 hours and then feeling relatively hungry again at 3 hours after consuming the beverage. Study subjects reported significant improvements in physical functioning, general health, vitality and mental health as well as increased cognitive restraint of eating, reduced disinhibition and reduced hunger during the trial. The study beverages were well tolerated and no Serious Adverse Events (SAE) reported. This study suggests the study beverage aids in weight loss by helping to curb hunger during a reduced calorie diet program.
Reliability Gain of Network Coding in Lossy Wireless Networks

The capacity gain of network coding has been extensively studied in wired and wireless networks. Recently, it has been shown that network coding improves network reliability by reducing the number of packet retransmissions in lossy networks. However, the extent of the reliability benefit of network coding is not known. This paper quantifies the reliability gain of network coding for reliable multicasting in wireless networks, where network coding is most promising. We define the expected number of transmissions per packet as the performance metric for reliability and derive analytical expressions characterizing the performance of network coding. We also analyze the performance of reliability mechanisms based on rateless codes and automatic repeat request (ARQ), and compare them with network coding. We first study network coding performance in an access point model, where an access point broadcasts packets to a group of K receivers over lossy wireless channels. We show that the expected number of transmissions using ARQ, compared to network coding, scales as ominus (log K) as the number of receivers becomes large. We then use the access point model as a building block to study reliable multicast in a tree topology. In addition to scaling results, we derive expressions for the expected number of transmissions for finite multicast groups as well. Our results show that network coding significantly reduces the number of retransmissions in lossy networks compared to an ARQ scheme. However, rateless coding achieves asymptotic performance results similar to that of network coding.
CHOP Enhancement of Gene Transcription by Interactions with Jun/Fos AP-1 Complex Proteins

ABSTRACT The transcription factor CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein 10) is a bZIP protein induced by a variety of stimuli that evoke cellular stress responses and has been shown to arrest cell growth and to promote programmed cell death. CHOP cannot form homodimers but forms stable heterodimers with the C/EBP family of activating transcription factors. Although initially characterized as a dominant negative inhibitor of C/EBPs in the activation of gene transcription, CHOP-C/EBP can activate certain target genes. Here we show that CHOP interacts with members of the immediate-early response, growth-promoting AP-1 transcription factor family, JunD, c-Jun, and c-Fos, to activate promoter elements in the somatostatin, JunD, and collagenase genes. The leucine zipper dimerization domain is required for interactions with AP-1 proteins and transactivation of transcription. Analyses by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by an in vivo mammalian two-hybrid system for protein-protein interactions indicate that CHOP interacts with AP-1 proteins inside cells and suggest that it is recruited to the AP-1 complex by a tethering mechanism rather than by direct binding of DNA. Thus, CHOP not only is a negative or a positive regulator of C/EBP target genes but also, when tethered to AP-1 factors, can activate AP-1 target genes. These findings establish the existence of a new mechanism by which CHOP regulates gene expression when cells are exposed to cellular stress.
Intestinal cytochrome P450 3A plays an important role in the regulation of detoxifying systems in the liver

CYP3A4 is an important xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme. We previously found that CYP2C55 is highly up‐regulated in Cyp3a‐/‐ mice. Here, we have further investigated the mechanism of regulation of CYP2C55 and other detoxifying systems in Cyp3a‐/‐mice. Induction studies with prototypical inducers dem‐onstrated an important role for the nuclear receptors PXR and CAR in the up‐regulation of CYP2C55. Sub‐sequent diet‐switch experiments revealed that food‐derived xenobiotics are primarily responsible for the increased induction of CYP2C55, as well as of several other primary detoxifying systems in Cyp3a‐/‐ mice. Our data suggest that CYP3A normally metabolizes food‐derived activators of PXR and/or CAR, explaining the increased levels of such activators in Cyp3a‐/‐mice and subsequent up‐regulation of a range of detox‐ifying systems. Interestingly, our studies with tissue‐specific CYP3A4 transgenic Cyp3a‐/‐ mice revealed that not only hepatic but also intestinal expression of CYP3A4 could reduce the hepatic expression of detox‐ifying systems to near wild‐type levels. Apparently, intestinal CYP3A4 can limit the hepatic exposure to food‐derived activators of nuclear receptors, thereby regulating the expression of a range of detoxifying systems in the liver. This broad biological effect further emphasizes the importance of intestinal CYP3Aactivity and could have profound implications for the prediction of drug exposure. —Van Waterschoot, R. A. B. , Rooswinkel, R. W. , Wagenaar, E. , van der Kruijssen, C. M. M. , van Herwaarden, A. E. , Schinkel, A. H. Intestinal cytochrome P450 3A plays an important role in the regulation of detoxifying systems in the liver. FASEB J. 23, 224‐231 (2009)
Tribological Properties of PM Cu-Based Dry Friction Clutch

Sintered Cu-based frictional materials were developed by using powder metallurgy (PM) method. The materials are aimed for application in a passenger car as a dry friction clutch. Effects of sintering temperature and composition on mechanical and tribological properties were determined. It was found that improper frictional material formulations caused inferior properties, particularly when the sintering temperatures were increased. Admixing of high Sn content (8 wt. %) resulted in decreases of sintered density and hardness with increasing sintering temperature. High Sn contents caused swelling of the sintered materials. Tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear rate) of the sintered specimens of the investigated materials were insensitive to sintering temperatures in the range of 800-950 °C but they were strongly influenced by chemical compositions. Addition of 3 wt. % graphite lowered the friction coefficient, which subsequently lowered the wear rate of the sintered material. To increase friction coefficient, one of the crucial properties of the dry friction clutch, of the sintered Cu-based frictional materials, two approaches were employed. In the first approach, substitution of graphite by SiO2 powders could improve the material friction coefficient. In the second approach, decreases of graphite content from 3 to 1 wt. % and of Sn content from 8 to 2 wt. % were conducted. The latter approach not only improved friction coefficient but also improved sintered density and hardness of the Cu-based frictional materials.
Motor Competence and Physical Activity in 8-Year-Old School Children With Generalized Joint Hypermobility

OBJECTIVE: Because the criteria used for diagnosing between generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and musculoskeletal complaints, as well as relations between GJH and an insufficient motor development and/or a reduced physical activity level differ, the prevalence of GJH varies considerably. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of GJH defined by a Beighton score at ≥4, ≥5, or ≥6 positive tests of 9 and benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) in Danish primary school children at 8 years of age. A second aim was to compare children with and without GJH and BJHS regarding motor competence, self-reported physical activity, and incidence of musculoskeletal pain and injuries. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 524 children in the second grade from 10 public schools was performed. A positive response rate was obtained for 416 (79.4%) children, and 411 (78.4%) children were clinically examined and tested for motor competence, whereas questionnaire response to items comprising musculoskeletal pain and injuries, in addition to daily level and duration of physical activity, corresponded to 377 (71.9%) children. RESULTS: In total, 29% of the children had GJH4, 19% had GJH5, 10% had GJH6, and 9% had BJHS, with no gender difference. There was no difference in daily level and duration of physical activity and in frequency of musculoskeletal pain and injuries between those with and without GJH. Children with ≥GJH5 as well as with ≥GJH6 performed better in the motor competence tests. CONCLUSION: Motor competence and physical activity are not reduced in primary school children at 8 years of age with GJH or BJHS. It is recommended that a potential negative influence on the musculoskeletal system over time, as a result of GJH, be investigated by longitudinal studies.
MRCSI: Compressing and Searching String Collections with Multiple References

Efficiently storing and searching collections of similar strings, such as large populations of genomes or long change histories of documents from Wikis, is a timely and challenging problem. Several recent proposals could drastically reduce space requirements by exploiting the similarity between strings in so-called reference-based compression. However, these indexes are usually not searchable any more, i.e., in these methods search efficiency is sacrificed for storage efficiency. We propose Multi-Reference Compressed Search Indexes (MRCSI) as a framework for efficiently compressing dissimilar string collections. In contrast to previous works which can use only a single reference for compression, MRCSI (a) uses multiple references for achieving increased compression rates, where the reference set need not be specified by the user but is determined automatically, and (b) supports efficient approximate string searching with edit distance constraints. We prove that finding the smallest MRCSI is NP-hard. We then propose three heuristics for computing MRCSIs achieving increasing compression ratios. Compared to state-of-the-art competitors, our methods target an interesting and novel sweet-spot between high compression ratio versus search efficiency.
Seasonality of MRSA Infections

Using MRSA isolates submitted to our hospital microbiology laboratory January 2001–March 2010 and the number of our emergency department (ED) visits, quarterly community-associated (CA) and hospital-associated (HA) MRSA infections were modeled using Poisson regressions. For pediatric patients, approximately 1.85x (95% CI 1.45x–2.36x, adj. p<0.0001) as many CA-MRSA infections per ED visit occurred in the second two quarters as occurred in the first two quarters. For adult patients, 1.14x (95% CI 1.01x–1.29x, adj.p = 0.03) as many infections per ED visit occurred in the second two quarters as in the first two quarters. Approximately 2.94x (95% CI 1.39x–6.21x, adj.p = 0.015) as many HA-MRSA infections per hospital admission occurred in the second two quarters as occurred in the first two quarters for pediatric patients. No seasonal variation was observed among adult HA-MRSA infections per hospital admission. We demonstrated seasonality of MRSA infections and provide a summary table of similar observations in other studies.
Brain talk: power and negotiation in children’s discourse about self, brain and behaviour

This article examines children’s discourse about self, brain and behaviour, focusing on the dynamics of power, knowledge and responsibility articulated by children. The empirical data discussed in this article are drawn from the study of Voices on Identity, Childhood, Ethics and Stimulants, which included interviews with 151 US and UK children, a subset of whom had a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite their contact with psychiatric explanations and psychotropic drugs for their behaviour, children’s discursive engagements with the brain show significant evidence of agency and negotiated responsibility. These engagements suggest the limitations of current concepts that describe a collapse of the self into the brain in an age of neurocentrism. Empirical investigation is needed in order to develop agent-centred conceptual and theoretical frameworks that describe and evaluate the harms and benefits of treating children with psychotropic drugs and other brain-based technologies.