Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of a new enteric-coated formulation of fluoxetine given once weekly during the continuation treatment of major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND A simple, once-weekly dosing regimen could be a convenient alternative for many patients during long-term treatment of depression. Such a strategy might also be effective for improving medication compliance and the outcome of continuation treatment. The safety and effectiveness of a new formulation of enteric-coated fluoxetine (90 mg) given once weekly was tested during the continuation treatment of major depressive disorder. METHOD Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with modified 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) scores > or = 18 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) scores > or = 4 were treated 13 weeks with open-label 20 mg/day of fluoxetine in a multicenter U.S. study. Responders (N = 501) were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of fluoxetine daily, placebo, or 90 mg of enteric-coated fluoxetine weekly for 25 weeks of double-blind continuation treatment. The primary efficacy measure was the percentage of patients who relapsed. Time to relapse was tested over the 25-week continuation period using log-rank analyses of the Kaplan-Meier estimates of relapse rates. Additional analyses of efficacy included comparison of change from baseline to endpoint for the HAM-D-17, CGI-S, and HAM-D-28 subscales by last observation carried forward (LOCF). Safety measures included comparison of treatment-emergent adverse events, both spontaneous and solicited (using the Association for Methodology of Documentation in Psychiatry-Module 5), vital signs, and laboratory measures. RESULTS Relapse rates for patients assigned to fluoxetine, either 20 mg daily or 90 mg weekly, were significantly lower than for placebo by log-rank analysis and LOCF analyses of secondary efficacy measures. Efficacy did not significantly differ between the 2 active drug groups by these measures. Enteric-coated fluoxetine at a once-weekly dose of 90 mg was well tolerated, and its safety profile was similar to that of daily 20 mg of fluoxetine. CONCLUSION The formulation of enteric-coated fluoxetine taken once weekly is effective, safe, and well tolerated for continuation treatment of depression in patients who responded to acute treatment with 20 mg/day of fluoxetine. Monitoring during long-term treatment for evidence of sustained remission is important regardless of dosing regimen.
Effect of 10-week core stabilization exercise training and detraining on pain-related outcomes in patients with clinical lumbar instability

Background and aims Clinical lumbar instability causes pain and socioeconomic suffering; however, an appropriate treatment for this condition is unknown. This article examines the effect of a 10 week core stabilization exercise (CSE) program and 3 month follow-up on pain-related outcomes in patients with clinical lumbar instability. Methods Forty-two participants with clinical lumbar instability of at least 3 months in duration were randomly allocated either to 10 weekly treatments with CSE or to a conventional group (CG) receiving trunk stretching exercises and hot pack. Pain-related outcomes including pain intensity during instability catch sign, functional disability, patient satisfaction, and health-related quality of life were measured at 10 weeks of intervention and 1 and 3 months after the last intervention session (follow-up); trunk muscle activation patterns measured by surface electromyography were measured at 10 weeks. Results CSE showed significantly greater reductions in all pain-related outcomes after 10 weeks and over the course of 3 month follow-up periods than those seen in the CG (P<0.01). Furthermore, CSE enhanced deep abdominal muscle activation better than in the CG (P<0.001), whereas the CG had deterioration of deep back muscle activation compared with the CSE group (P<0.01). For within-group comparison, CSE provided significant improvements in all pain-related outcomes over follow-up (P<0.01), whereas the CG demonstrated reduction in pain intensity during instability catch sign only at 10 weeks (P<0.01). In addition, CSE showed an improvement in deep abdominal muscle activation (P<0.01), whereas the CG revealed the deterioration of deep abdominal and back muscle activations (P<0.05). Conclusion Ten week CSE provides greater training and retention effects on pain-related outcomes and induced activation of deep abdominal muscles in patients with clinical lumbar instability compared with conventional treatment.
Phenolic Composition, Fermentation Profile, Protozoa Population and Methane Production from Sheanut (Butryospermum Parkii) Byproducts In vitro

Sheanut cake (SNC), expeller (SNE) and solvent extractions (SNSE) samples were evaluated to determine their suitability in animal feeding. The CP content was highest in SNSE (16.2%) followed by SNE (14.7%) and SNC (11.6%). However, metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kg) was maximum in SNC (8.2) followed by SNE (7.9) and SNSE (7.0). The tannin phenol content was about 7.0 per cent and mostly in the form of hydrolyzable tannin (HT), whereas condensed tannin (CT) was less than one per cent. The in vitro gas production profiles indicated similar y max (maximum potential of gas production) among the 3 by-products. However, the rate of degradation (k) was maximum in SNC followed by SNE and SNSE. The t1/2 (time taken for reaching half asymptote) was lowest in SNC (14.4 h) followed by SNE (18.7 h) and SNSE (21.9 h). The increment in the in vitro gas volume (ml/200 mg DM) with PEG (polyethylene glycol)-6000 (as a tannin binder) addition was 12.0 in SNC, 9.6 in SNE and 11.0 in SNSE, respectively. The highest ratio of CH4 (ml) reduction per ml of the total gas, an indicator of the potential of tannin, was recorded in SNE (0.482) followed by SNC (0.301) and SNSE (0.261). There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in entodinia population and total protozoa population. Differential protozoa counts revealed that Entodinia populations increased to a greater extent than Holotricha when PEG was added. This is the first report on the antimethanogenic property of sheanut byproducts. It could be concluded that all the three forms of SN byproducts are medium source of protein and energy for ruminants. There is a great potential for SN by-products to be incorporated in ruminant feeding not only as a source of energy and protein, but also to protect the protein from rumen degradation and suppress enteric methanogenesis.
The Efficacy of a Genetic Analysis of the BMPR2 Gene in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and an Atrial Septal Defect Treated with Bilateral Lung Transplantation

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) rarely develops in children with an atrial septal defect (ASD), even those with a large defect. We herein report the case of a 27-year-old man with a moderate-sized secundum ASD and right ventricular failure due to severe PAH, which developed in his early teens. He was diagnosed as having a genetic mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) gene and was successfully treated with bilateral lung transplantation with ASD path closure. In patients with congenital heart disease, a genetic analysis may provide information about the lifetime risk of developing PAH.
Similarity by Composition

We propose a new approach for measuring similarity between two signals, which is applicable to many machine learning tasks, and to many signal types. We say that a signal S1 is "similar" to a signal S2 if it is "easy" to compose S1 from few large contiguous chunks of S2. Obviously, if we use small enough pieces, then any signal can be composed of any other. Therefore, the larger those pieces are, the more similar S1 is to S2. This induces a local similarity score at every point in the signal, based on the size of its supported surrounding region. These local scores can in turn be accumulated in a principled information-theoretic way into a global similarity score of the entire S1 to S2. "Similarity by Composition" can be applied between pairs of signals, between groups of signals, and also between different portions of the same signal. It can therefore be employed in a wide variety of machine learning problems (clustering, classification, retrieval, segmentation, attention, saliency, labelling, etc.), and can be applied to a wide range of signal types (images, video, audio, biological data, etc.) We show a few such examples.
Women's Models of Leadership in the Child Care Sector

This paper will argue that women's ability to speak about their particular style of leadership has been muted by the dominant notions of leadership and management that emerge from traditionally organised settings. Feminist work such as that of Belenky et al. (1986) has been adapted and used to demonstrate that women's frameworks are more often based on principles of care, connection, and dialogue. Through our work in children's services leadership training, we are finding that women are developing their own perspectives, models, and language on leadership—a paradigm we are naming as ‘leadership wisdoms’. The wisdom framework is introduced and discussed as a potential springboard for further research and professional development of individuals and the profession. This paper aims to stimulate readers to further reflection and the development of a personal leadership model appropriate to their context.
Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway in Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells Induced by Cladribine

Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog which initiates the apoptotic mechanism within cells. Moreover, the available data confirms that cladribine, with the participation of the p53 protein, as well as the proapoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family, also induces the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, while there has been a lot of research devoted to the effect of cladribine on lymphatic system cells, little is known about the impact of cladribine on the reproductive system. The aim of our study was to evaluate apoptosis in oviduct epithelial cells sourced from 15 different female rats. In so doing, the sections were stained with caspases 3, 9, and 8. Results suggest that cladribine also induces apoptosis in the oviduct epithelial cells by way of the intrinsic pathway. Indeed, the discontinuing of the administration of cladribine leads to a reduction in the amount of apoptotic cells in the oviduct epithelium.
Citrus huanglongbing: a newly relevant disease presents unprecedented challenges.

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the oldest citrus diseases and has been known for over a century. HLB is caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter' spp. that are phloem-limited, fastidious α-proteobacteria and infect hosts in different Kingdoms (i.e., Animalia and Plantae). When compared with well-characterized, cultivatable plant-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, the interactions of uncultured insect-vectored plant-pathogenic bacteria, including 'Ca. Liberibacter' spp. , with their hosts remain poorly understood. 'Ca. Liberibacter' spp. have been known to cause HLB, which has been rapidly spreading worldwide, resulting in dramatic economic losses. HLB presents an unprecedented challenge to citrus production. In this review, we focus on the most recent research on citrus, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', and psyllid interactions, specifically considering the following topics: evolutionary relationships among 'Ca. Liberibacter' spp. , genetic diversity, host range, genome analysis, transmission, virulence mechanisms, and the ecological importance of HLB. Currently, no efficient management strategy is available to control HLB, although some promising progress has been made. Further studies are needed to understand citrus, 'Ca. L. asiaticus', and psyllid interactions to design innovative management strategies. Although HLB has been problematic for over a century, we can only win the battle against HLB with a coordinated and deliberate effort by the citrus industry, citrus growers, researchers, legislatures, and governments.
Is the Speed of Convergence Constant?

Empirical attempts to measure the speed of convergence -- the rate at which a country's per capita income approaches its steady state relative to its distance from its steady state -- have started from the assumption that it is constant. In contrast, neoclassical models of capital accumulation usually predict that the speed of convergence decreases as income approaches its steady state. Estimating a flexible functional form which allows the speed of convergence to vary suggests that the speed of convergence actually increases as income approaches its steady state. An increasing speed of convergence calls into question structural interpretations of coefficients on conditioning variables in cross-sectional growth regressions. Instead, excluding initial income from cross-sectional growth regressions allows coefficients on exogenous variables to be interpreted as measuring changes in underlying structural relationships.
Can individuals recapitulate the evolutionary development of color lexicons

Cognitive anthropologists attempt to synthesize a psychologist's insight into individuals' cognitive processes with an anthropologist's understanding of a community's cultural knowledge. One route to such a synthesis is to explore how the purposive actions of individuals give rise to community culture. Thus, cognitive anthropologists commonly view culture as an information pool that emerges when communities of individuals attempt to make sense ofthe world and each other (Boster, in press; D'Andrade 1981; Goodenough 1957; Roberts 1964; Romney et al., in press; Wallace 1961). This article is one of a series of papers that explores the relationship between the character of culturally shared understand? ings and the processes by which individuals come to share those understandings (Boster 1985, in press, ms.; Boster et al., in press). Here, I am concerned with how cultural regularities result from individual cognitive strategies in the domain of color classification. Communities of people are often reported to share understandings that are different from those shared in other communities. In such cases, we can often attribute the source of this unique understanding to cultural transmission within the community; here, an individual's experience is strongly guided by what he or she has learned from other members of the community. Cultural understandings unique to a particular community are most likely in domains that are at some remove from direct experience. For example, religious understandings can be culturally shaped with little confirmation (or disconfirmation) from observation of the world. If individuals learned everything through verbal communication with other community members, one would expect few cases in which distinct communities came to the same understanding without communication with each other. In other words, if culture were entirely culturally transmitted, then to the extent that societies are isolated from one another, cross-cultural universals would be rare. Thus, the existence of cross-cultural universals poses interesting questions about the way culture is learned. Cross-cultural universals are most likely in domains in which there is a strong structure in individuals' experience indepen? dent of cultural transmission. The independent structure allows individuals in different communities to construct the same picture of the world. In such cases, community sharing is a result of the similarities of individual experiences; in effect, individuals guide the group rather than vice-versa. The independent structure can have a variety of sources, including human perceptual physiology (e.g., universals in color classification: Berlin and Kay 1969; McDaniel 1974; Kay
A Dose‐Response Study of Orally Administered Clonidine as Premedication in the Elderly: Evaluating Hemodynamic Safety

Clonidine premedication in a dose of 5 μg/kg may be particularly well suited for elderly patients. To pursue this approach, sedation, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the hemodynamic profile of two doses of oral clonidine premedication were compared in 60 elderly patients, aged 65–82 yr, who underwent elective ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia. Group 1 (n = 20) received placebo, Group 2 (n = 20) 150 μg of clonidine (2–2.5 μg/kg), and Group 3 (n = 20) 300 μg of clonidine (4–4.5 μg /kg) in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Decreases in mean arterial blood pressure were more pronounced and occurred earlier after 300 μg of clonidine (31.4 ± 12.1%, P < 0.001) as compared to 150 μg of clonidine (18.1 ± 10.9%, P < 0.001). Throughout the study, six patients (30%) in Group 3 (300 μg clonidine-treated group), but no patient in Groups 1 or 2, were treated at least once for hypotension (P < 0.05). Heart rate decreased significantly 18.5 ± 8.1% (P < 0.001) only after 300 μg of clonidine, Clonidine 150 μg and 300 μg decreased IOP 32.1 ± 14.3% (P < 0.001) and 47.8 ± 17.2% (P < 0.001), respectively. After 150 μg of clonidine patients were significantly more sedated as compared to those given placebo (P < 0.01) but significantly less sedated than after 300 μg of clonidine (P < 0.01), where sedation persisted more than 6 h postoperatively. These results suggest that a dose of 150 μg of clonidine, given orally 90–120 min preoperatively to elderly patients managed with local anesthesia, is as effective as a dose of 300 μg in decreasing IOP perioperatively, without causing excessive hemodynamic depression and sedation.
Recent Progress in Brillouin Scattering Based Fiber Sensors

Brillouin scattering in optical fiber describes the interaction of an electro-magnetic field (photon) with a characteristic density variation of the fiber. When the electric field amplitude of an optical beam (so-called pump wave), and another wave is introduced at the downshifted Brillouin frequency (namely Stokes wave), the beating between the pump and Stokes waves creates a modified density change via the electrostriction effect, resulting in so-called the stimulated Brillouin scattering. The density variation is associated with a mechanical acoustic wave; and it may be affected by local temperature, strain, and vibration which induce changes in the fiber effective refractive index and sound velocity. Through the measurement of the static or dynamic changes in Brillouin frequency along the fiber one can realize a distributed fiber sensor for local temperature, strain and vibration over tens or hundreds of kilometers. This paper reviews the progress on improving sensing performance parameters like spatial resolution, sensing length limitation and simultaneous temperature and strain measurement. These kinds of sensors can be used in civil structural monitoring of pipelines, bridges, dams, and railroads for disaster prevention. Analogous to the static Bragg grating, one can write a moving Brillouin grating in fibers, with the lifetime of the acoustic wave. The length of the Brillouin grating can be controlled by the writing pulses at any position in fibers. Such gratings can be used to measure changes in birefringence, which is an important parameter in fiber communications. Applications for this kind of sensor can be found in aerospace, material processing and fine structures.
Cause of Death and Predictors of All‐Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Data From ROCKET AF

Background Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all‐cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose‐adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention‐to‐treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS 2 score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow‐up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan–Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all‐cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33–1.70, P<0.0001) and age ≥75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51–1.90, P<0.0001) were associated with higher all‐cause mortality. Multiple additional characteristics were independently associated with higher mortality, with decreasing creatinine clearance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, male sex, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetes being among the most strongly associated (model C‐index 0.677). Conclusions In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, ≈7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereas <1 in 10 deaths were caused by nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. Optimal prevention and treatment of heart failure, renal impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes may improve survival. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00403767.
Central visual, acoustic, and motor pathway involvement in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth family with an Asn205Ser mutation in the connexin 32 gene

BACKGROUND X linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1X) is an inherited motor and sensory neuropathy that mainly affects the peripheral nervous system. CMT1X is associated with mutations in the gap junction protein connexin 32 (Cx32). Cx32 is expressed in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in the peripheral (PNS) and in the (CNS) respectively. METHODS A CMT1X family with a Cx32 mutation was examined clinically and electrophysiologically to determine whether PNS, or CNS, or both pathways were affected. RESULTS In a CMT1X family a novel mutation (Asn205Ser) was found in the fourth transmembrane domain of Cx32. The patients showed typical clinical and electrophysiological abnormalities in the PNS, but in addition visual, acoustic, and motor pathways of the CNS were affected subclinically. This was indicated by pathological changes in visually evoked potentials (VEPs), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and central motor evoked potentials (CMEPs). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the necessity of a careful analysis of CNS pathways in patients with CMT and Cx32 mutations. Abnormal electrophysiological findings in CNS pathway examinations should raise the suspicion of CMTX and a search for gene mutations towards Cx32 should be considered.
Application of supercritical CO2 for extraction of polyisoprenoid alcohols and their esters from plant tissues[S]

In this study, a method of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide of polyisoprenoids from plant photosynthetic tissues is described. SFE was an effective extraction method for short- and medium-chain compounds with even higher yield than that observed for the “classical extraction” method with organic solvents. Moreover, SFE-derived extracts contained lower amounts of impurities (e.g., chlorophylls) than those obtained by extraction of the same tissue with organic solvents. Elevated temperature and extended extraction time of SFE resulted in a higher rate of extraction of long-chain polyisoprenoids. Ethanol cofeeding did not increase the extraction efficiency of polyisoprenoids; instead, it increased the content of impurities in the lipid extract. Optimization of SFE time and temperature gives the opportunity of prefractionation of complex polyisoprenoid mixtures accumulated in plant tissues. Extracts obtained with application of SFE are very stable and free from organic solvents and can further be used directly in experimental diet supplementation or as starting material for preparation of semisynthetic polyisoprenoid derivatives, e.g., polyisoprenoid phosphates.