Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A flexible overlay architecture for mobile IPv6 multicast

The Internet has evolved from a wired infrastructure to a hybrid of wired and wireless domains. As network access is now provided with much of the last mile being a wireless mobile environment, delivering rich multimedia to users is now a necessity. However, despite the advent of new technology and standards such as Mobile Internet protocol version 6 (MIPv6), there is still an important dilemma over the choice of systems that either achieve high levels of performance or offer easier deployment. The very deployment of IPv6 is delayed for this reason; network providers continue to use legacy systems. The goal of this paper then is to offer insight into this issue by examining the case of data streaming to MIPv6 users through the use of multicast. By specifically considering the debate over network and application layer multicast, we examine a spectrum of possible alternatives and evaluate the potential of enhancing the functionality of access routers. The result is an overlay architecture that can bring the desired balance between deployment complexity and performance.
Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Coping through a Disaster : Lessons from Hurricane Katrina

In the face of manmade and natural disasters, first responders are called upon to respond to emergencies, protect the public, and mitigate further disaster consequences. While this is a professional expectation, extreme crisis events can present an inimitable set of challenges for responders, particularly when they are personally impacted by the disaster in which they are expected to respond. The media reports of “abandonment of duty” among police officers in New Orleans during the Hurricane Katrina disaster highlight the need to better understand factors that both challenge and encourage resilience among first responders. This study examines the coping practices that fostered resilience among the officers of the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) who served as first responders to the Katrina disaster. To gain insight into the experiences and activities of officers during the most stressful parts of the crisis, face-to-face interviews were conducted with officers (N = 57) of varying ranks and divisions. The data demonstrates the dynamic nature of coping in disasters, as well as the range of strategies practiced by first responders in crisis situations.
Rural Destination Development Based on Olive Oil Tourism: The Impact of Residents’ Community Attachment and Quality of Life on Their Support for Tourism Development

Residents are an essential part of tourism destinations, which makes gaining a deeper understanding of residents’ attitudes towards tourism development necessary because their favourable attitudes can contribute to destinations’ success. This study sought to understand to what extent rural residents’ perceptions of tourism development in their region affect their intention to support further tourism development. The present research also focused on the influence of the variables of community attachment and perceived quality of life on the relationship between residents’ perceptions of and intentions to support this development. This study concentrated on the case of olive oil tourism development in the Sierra de Gata and Las Hurdes districts in Spain. To test the proposed model, the data were collected from a sample of 245 residents in this region. Partial least squares was used to assess the model’s accuracy. The results highlight the importance of residents’ perceptions and their community attachment and perceived quality of life to destination managers who plan and develop tourism projects.
Popup: automatic paper architectures from 3D models

Paper architectures are 3D paper buildings created by folding and cutting. The creation process of paper architecture is often labor-intensive and highly skill-demanding, even with the aid of existing computer-aided design tools. We propose an automatic algorithm for generating paper architectures given a user-specified 3D model. The algorithm is grounded on geometric formulation of planar layout for paper architectures that can be popped-up in a rigid and stable manner, and sufficient conditions for a 3D surface to be popped-up from such a planar layout. Based on these conditions, our algorithm computes a class of paper architectures containing two sets of parallel patches that approximate the input geometry while guaranteed to be physically realizable. The method is demonstrated on a number of architectural examples, and physically engineered results are presented.
Pediatric Transplantation: The Hamburg Experience

Background. Since starting our program in 1989, 455 pediatric orthotopic liver transplantations have been performed using all techniques. In April 2001, we experienced our last in-hospital death of a pediatric liver-transplant recipient. Since then, all our liver-transplant children (n=170) were able to be discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study is to analyze the actual status of pediatric liver transplantation at the University of Hamburg and to find future perspectives to improve the results after pediatric liver transplantation. Methods. From May 4, 2001 until September 8, 2004, 22 (13%) whole organs, 18 (11%) reduced-size organs, 79 (47%) split organs, and 51 (30%) organs from living donors were transplanted into 142 patients. One hundred forty-one were primary liver transplants, 25 retransplants, 3 third, and 1 fourth liver transplants. Of the 170 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT), 31 (18%) were highly urgent (United Network of Organ Sharing [UNOS] I). Results. After 170 consecutive pediatric liver transplants, no patients died during the hospital course (100% patient survival<3 months), but overall, 5 (2.9%) recipients died during further follow-up. The 3-month and actual graft survival rates are 93% and 85%, respectively. Twenty (11.8%) children had to undergo retransplantation. However, patient survival was not sustained by longer graft survival. Analyzing our series, we see that graft survival after reduced-size liver transplantation showed a significantly lower rate versus living-donor liver transplantation. Conclusion. The learning curve in pediatric liver transplantation has reached a turning point where immediate patient survival is considered the rule. The challenge is to increase graft survival to the same level. The long-term management of the transplant patients, with the aim of avoiding late graft loss and achieving excellent quality of life, will become the center of the debate.
Spin transport in graphene-hBN heterostructures in inverted non-local spin valve devices

In this thesis a novel fabrication technique for graphene non-local spin valves is presented. This technique allows high charge carrier mobilities of 20,000cm2/(Vs), spin diffusion length of more than 30 μm and spin lifetimes of more than 12ns at room temperature. In contrast to previous studies the spin lifetime is a factor of six larger. Here, the Co/MgO electrodes are fabricated first on a Si/SiO2 substrate and subsequently an exfoliated graphene flake is transferred on top of the electrodes using hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). This may lead to a more homogeneous interface compared to old fabrication methods where electrodes were grown on the inert graphene surface. First, we investigate the homogeneity of the MgO layer by conductive scanning force microscopy prior to the graphene deposition. We find that the layer is homogeneous but exhibits conducting pinholes which lower the spin injection and detection efficiency. Moreover, we investigate the spatial variation of doping and strain of the graphene flake by confocal Raman spectroscopy. We find that some regions of the device are quasi suspended between the electrodes and some are in contact to the substrate which dopes the graphene and induces uniaxial strain in the graphene flake. However, the spin transport properties are not influenced by these variations. On the other hand, we observe that the spin transport properties are deteriorated if small hBN flakes are used as solvents and dissolved polymers can get in contact to the graphene flake. Additionally, we find that the charge carrier density dependence of the spin lifetime behaves differently at low temperatures for single and bilayer graphene. While there is no change for single layer in comparison to room temperature there is an enhanced spin dephasing near the charge neutrality point for bilayer graphene. This observation shines new light on the underlying spin dephasing mechanism in graphene. Additionally, the new fabrication technique was applied to chemically synthesized graphene. Despite some difficulties in the fabrication process it shows similar spin transport properties as exfoliated graphene which is important for technological applications and mass fabrication. Finally, simulations of the device structures demonstrate the effects of sample inhomogeneities on the spin transport properties. We show that regions with an enhanced spin dephasing always influence the measurements even if these regions are only adjacent to the actually measured one. This is important for future electrode design and employed materials.
Ensemble modeling to predict habitat suitability for a large-scale disturbance specialist

To conserve habitat for disturbance specialist species, ecologists must identify where individuals will likely settle in newly disturbed areas. Habitat suitability models can predict which sites at new disturbances will most likely attract specialists. Without validation data from newly disturbed areas, however, the best approach for maximizing predictive accuracy can be unclear (Northwestern U.S.A.). We predicted habitat suitability for nesting Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus; a burned-forest specialist) at 20 recently (≤6 years postwildfire) burned locations in Montana using models calibrated with data from three locations in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. We developed 8 models using three techniques (weighted logistic regression, Maxent, and Mahalanobis D2 models) and various combinations of four environmental variables describing burn severity, the north–south orientation of topographic slope, and prefire canopy cover. After translating model predictions into binary classifications (0 = low suitability to unsuitable, 1 = high to moderate suitability), we compiled “ensemble predictions,” consisting of the number of models (0–8) predicting any given site as highly suitable. The suitability status for 40% of the area burned by eastside Montana wildfires was consistent across models and therefore robust to uncertainty in the relative accuracy of particular models and in alternative ecological hypotheses they described. Ensemble predictions exhibited two desirable properties: (1) a positive relationship with apparent rates of nest occurrence at calibration locations and (2) declining model agreement outside surveyed environments consistent with our reduced confidence in novel (i.e., “no-analogue”) environments. Areas of disagreement among models suggested where future surveys could help validate and refine models for an improved understanding of Black-backed Woodpecker nesting habitat relationships. Ensemble predictions presented here can help guide managers attempting to balance salvage logging with habitat conservation in burned-forest landscapes where black-backed woodpecker nest location data are not immediately available. Ensemble modeling represents a promising tool for guiding conservation of large-scale disturbance specialists.
Aberrant Expression of Connexin 26 Is Associated with Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: Connexin 26 (Cx26) is one of the gap junction–forming family members classically considered to be tumor suppressors. However, recent studies show association of elevated expression of Cx26 with poor prognosis in several human malignancies. Furthermore, Cx26 has been observed to be indispensable to spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cells. Here, we assessed Cx26 expression in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and the metastatic lesions to elucidate its role in metastasis. Experimental Design: Cx26 expression was assessed in 25 adenomas, 167 CRCs, and normal mucosa, together with the metastatic lesions. Results: Normal mucosa and adenomatous tissue expressed Cx26 mainly in the plasma membrane, whereas cancer cells mostly contained Cx26 in the cytoplasm. The incidence of aberrant Cx26 expression varied widely in CRC (mean, 49.5 ± 35.5%), and the expression levels were confirmed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription–PCR. Clinicopathologic survey revealed association of high expression with less differentiated histology and venous invasion (P = 0.0053 and P = 0.0084, respectively). Notably, high Cx26 expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival and shorter lung metastasis–free survival in 154 curatively resected CRC sets (P = 0.041 and P = 0.028, respectively). Survey of metastatic lesions revealed that lung metastasis, but not liver and lymph nodes metastases, expressed higher Cx26 than the CRC series or corresponding primary CRCs (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that aberrant expression of Cx26 plays an essential role in lung metastasis. Thus, Cx26 is a promising therapeutic target, particularly for CRC patients who develop lung metastasis.
A prospective observational post‐marketing study of natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis patients: clinical, radiological and biological features and adverse events. The BIONAT cohort

BIONAT is a French multicentric phase IV study of natalizumab (NTZ)‐treated relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The purpose of this study was to collect clinical, radiological and biological data on 1204 patients starting NTZ, and to evaluate the clinical/radiological response to NTZ after 2 years of treatment.
Initial Results of a Test-Bed Magnetic Refrigeration Machine With Practical Running Conditions

For a direct characterization of magnetocaloric materials, the measurements are generally made in adiabatic conditions. In such conditions, the initial temperature of the material is stabilized and then the magnetic field is changed from 0 T to a given finite value. However, in the majority of magnetic refrigeration systems, magnetocaloric materials are magnetized and demagnetized in non adiabatic conditions. Furthermore, almost nobody pays attention to the measurement of T in actual conditions encountered in magnetic systems. At present a test-bed modelled and designed in cooperation with Cooltech Applications, to characterize magnetocaloric materials in practical conditions, was realized in the Institute of the Thermal Sciences and Engineering (IGT, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland). This system allows the measurement of temperature differences and forces acting on magnetocaloric materials as a function of temperature and frequency, during magnetization-demagnetisation cycles, with a magnetic source having an induction field of about 2 Tesla. In this article initial results of forces and temperature differences obtained with some magnetocaloric materials are reported.
From the Cover: Spray-combustion synthesis: Efficient solution route to high-performance oxide transistors

Metal-oxide (MO) semiconductors have emerged as enabling materials for next generation thin-film electronics owing to their high carrier mobilities, even in the amorphous state, large-area uniformity, low cost, and optical transparency, which are applicable to flat-panel displays, flexible circuitry, and photovoltaic cells. Impressive progress in solution-processed MO electronics has been achieved using methodologies such as sol gel, deep-UV irradiation, preformed nanostructures, and combustion synthesis. Nevertheless, because of incomplete lattice condensation and film densification, high-quality solution-processed MO films having technologically relevant thicknesses achievable in a single step have yet to be shown. Here, we report a low-temperature, thickness-controlled coating process to create high-performance, solution-processed MO electronics: spray-combustion synthesis (SCS). We also report for the first time, to our knowledge, indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) transistors having densification, nanoporosity, electron mobility, trap densities, bias stability, and film transport approaching those of sputtered films and compatible with conventional fabrication (FAB) operations.
Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs

Rodríguez, D. A. , Sulabo, R. C. , González-Vega, J. C. and Stein, H. H. 2013. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 493-503. Many protein sources are available to the swine feed industry, but accurate data for the energy concentration and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in these ingredients are lacking. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the STTD of P in oilseed products. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (44.8±3.9 kg) were fed a basal diet containing 97.15% corn or seven diets containing corn and canola seed (CS), canola meal (CM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed (SFS), sunflower meal (SFM), de-hulled sunflower meal (SFM-DH), or soybean meal (SBM). Six pigs were allotted to each treatment. Sunflower seeds contained 5492 kcal kg-1, at least 689 kcal kg-1 more (P<0.05) ME than all other feed ingredients. Likewise, CS (4803 kcal kg-1) had greater (P<0.05) ME than SBM (3676 kcal kg-1), and both CS and SBM had greater (P<0.05) ME than CM, SFM, SFM-DH, and CSM (2998, 2725, 2631, and 2459 kcal kg-1, respectively). In exp. 2, 84 barrows (13.7±1.5 kg) were allotted to 14 diets, which contained each of the oilseed products without or with phytase, in a randomized complete block design with six pigs per dietary treatment. The STTD of P in SBM was at least 4 percentage units greater (P<0.05) than the STTD of P in the other ingredients. Adding phytase to the diets reduced fecal output of P from all ingredients and increased (P<0.05) the STTD of P for all ingredients except SFM-DH. The ME concentration in SFS and CS is greater than that of SBM and the STTD of P among these ingredients is comparable, which indicates that SFS and CS may be fed to growing pigs at the expense of SBM.
Fracture resistance of different implant supported ceramic abutment/crown systems

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance and failure modes of different non-aged and aged abutment/crown systems. Materials and methods: One hundred dental implants (diameter 4.3 mm and length 11.5 mm) were restored with five abutment/crown systems: G1: a lithium disilicate hybrid abutment crown, G2: a lithium disilicate crown cemented on a lithium disilicate hybrid abutment, G3: a lithium disilicate crown cemented on a zirconia hybrid abutment, G4: a direct veneer porcelain layering on a zirconia hybrid abutment, and G5: a lithium disilicate crown cemented on a prefabricated all-zirconia abutment. Each group was divided into two groups (n=10) as control (non-aged) and thermomechanically aged. The fracture resistance test was performed. Failures during the aging process and after the fracture resistance test were examined. Results: Both of the factors (restoration type and aging) affected the fracture resistance values and there was not an interaction between the factors (p>0.05). When fracture resistance values were compared regardless of aging, the highest values were observed in G3 and G4, respectively (p<0.05). When comparing the fracture resistance values, regardless of the restoration type, the aged group showed a significant lower fracture resistance value than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: A titanium base enhanced the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments. Thermomechanical aging decreased the fracture resistance of the tested ceramic abutment/crown systems. The major failure mode was the abutment fracture.
Impact of hypoglycemia on daily life of type 2 diabetes patients in Ukraine

This study evaluates the impact of hypoglycemia on the lives of Ukrainian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The secondary objective was to explore patient–physician relationships and the attitudes of patients towards various informational resources on diabetes management. Three focus groups with 26 patients were conducted. Qualitative information was evaluated using content analysis. The results show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ukraine are adapting to potential attacks of hypoglycemia; however, they still experience periodic manifestations of hypoglycemia that significantly affect their psychological well-being. This result is similar to observations made in other countries. Ukrainian patients >40 years old mainly receive information on disease management from endocrinologists, and rarely use internet resources on diabetes management. Information provision was especially important at the early stage of the disease, when patients lack information on hypoglycemia manifestations and could therefore fail to identify and manage it properly.
Substance use history in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia versus primary progressive aphasia

ABSTRACT As older adults are prone to cognitive disorders, the interaction of the fields of substance use and misuse and cognitive neuroscience is an emerging area of research. Substance use has been reported in some subtypes of frontotemporal dementia, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. However, characterization of substance use in other subtypes of frontotemporal dementia, such as primary progressive aphasia, is unknown. The objective of this baseline analysis was to explore whether any measures of substance use history differed significantly among behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 842) and primary progressive aphasia (n = 526) in a large national dataset. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set study is a national dataset that collects data on patients with various cognitive disorders and includes some questions on substance use. Each substance use variable was used as the outcome and the frontotemporal dementia subtype as the predictor. Total years smoked cigarettes, age when last smoked cigarettes, average number of packs/day smoked when participants smoked, and any recent, remote, or combined recent/remote history of alcohol abuse or drug abuse did not significantly differ between the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia subtypes (all p-values > .001). A significantly greater percentage of participants smoked in the last 30 days in the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia subtype (10.4%, n = 834) compared to the primary progressive aphasia subtype (3.3%, n = 517; p < .001). Clinical providers in both the dementia and substance use fields are encouraged to screen for and monitor substance use in all frontotemporal dementia subtypes.