Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Nature and Nurture in Conceptual Metaphors

It is unclear whether embodied-cognition effects are caused by the activation of cultural-linguistic metaphors, or whether these metaphors stem from preverbal mechanisms that directly affect both language and behavior. Therefore, we conducted a study wherein 62 Israeli participants ate sweet or spicy snacks and performed a social judgment task. Preverbal mechanisms assign positive hedonic value to sweetness and negative value to spiciness. However, in Israeli culture, “sweetness” is used as a metaphor for inauthenticity, whereas “spiciness” stands for intellectual competence. In accordance with the predictions of a culturally-mediated variant of conceptual-metaphor theory, the results showed that priming participants with spicy (vs. sweet) tastes increased judgments of intellectual competence, decreased judgments of inauthenticity, and increased overall evaluation of a social target.
The Influence of Parents, Peer Delinquency, and School Attitudes on Academic Achievement in Chinese, Cambodian, Laotian or Mien, and Vietnamese Youth

Past research on academic achievement has tended to overlook the diversity among Asian American groups and the educational and socioeconomic difficulties that many Asians, particularly Southeast Asians, face. The present study addressed several shortcomings of past research by contrasting parent attachment and discipline, peer delinquency, and school attitudes as predictors of self-reported grade point average in 329 Chinese, Cambodian, Laotian or Mien, and Vietnamese youth. Results revealed that parental factors generally did not contribute much explanatory power and that school attitudes may mediate the relationship between peer delinquency and academic achievement. Interventions aimed at promoting positive adjustment and school outcomes should focus on the role of delinquent peer affiliations and youth’s attitudes toward school.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis MUC 4-MediatedRegulation of Acute PhaseProtein Lipocalin 2 through HER 2 / AKT / NFk B Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose:MUC4 shows aberrant expression in early pancreatic lesions and ahigh specificity for pancreatic cancer. It thus has ahighpotential tobe a sensitive and specific biomarker.Unfortunately, its low serum level limits its diagnostic/prognostic potential.We here report that amultifaceted acute phase protein lipocalin 2, regulated by MUC4, could be a potential diagnostic/prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Experimental Designs and Results: Overexpression/knockdown, luciferase reporter and molecular inhibition studies revealed thatMUC4 regulates lipocalin 2 by stabilizingHER2 and stimulating AKT,which results in the activation of NF-kB. Immunohistochemical analyses of lipocalin 2 and MUC4 showed a significant positive correlation between MUC4 and lipocalin 2 in primary, metastatic tissues (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.71, P 1⁄4 0.002) from rapid autopsy tissue sample from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as in serum and tissue samples from spontaneous KRASGDmouse pancreatic cancermodel (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.98, P < 0.05). Lipocalin 2 levels increased progressively with disease advancement (344.2 22.8 ng/mL for 10 weeks to 3067.2 572.6 for 50 weeks; P < 0.0001). In human pancreatic cancer cases, significantly elevated levels of lipocalin 2 were observed in patients with pancreatic cancer (148 13.18 ng/mL) in comparison with controls (73.27 4.9 ng/mL, P1⁄4 0.014). Analyses of preandpostchemotherapy patients showed higher lipocalin 2 levels in prechemotherapy patients [121.7 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 98.1–150.9] in comparisonwith the postchemotherapy (92.6 ng/mL; 95%CI, 76.7–111.6; P 1⁄4 0.06) group. Conclusions: This study delineates the association and the downstreammechanisms ofMUC4-regulated elevation of lipocalin-2 (via HER2/AKT/NF-kB) and its clinical significance for prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 1–13. 2013 AACR.
Stride frequency in relation to oxygen consumption in experienced and novice runners

Abstract We hypothesised that experienced runners would select a stride frequency closer to the optimum (minimal energy costs) than would novice runners. In addition, we expected that optimal stride frequency could simply be determined by monitoring heart rate without measuring oxygen consumption (V̇O2). Ten healthy males (mean±s: 24±2 year) with no running training experience and 10 trained runners of similar age ran at constant treadmill speed corresponding to 80% of individual ventilatory threshold. For two days, they ran at seven different stride frequencies (self-selected stride frequency±18%) imposed by a metronome. Optimal stride frequency was based on the minimum of a second-order polynomial equation fitted through steady state V̇O2 at each stride frequency. Running cost (mean±s) at optimal stride frequency was higher (P < 0.05) in novice (236±31 ml O2·kg−1.km−1) than trained (189±13 ml O2·kg−1.km−1) runners. Self-selected stride frequency (mean±s; strides.min−1) for novice (77.8±2.8) and trained runners (84.4±5.3) were lower (P < 0.05) than optimal stride frequency (respectively, 84.9±5.0 and 87.1±4.8). The difference between self-selected and optimal stride frequency was smaller (P < 0.05) for trained runners. In both the groups optimal stride frequency established with heart rate was not different (P > 0.3) from optimal stride frequency based on V̇O2. In each group and despite limited variation between participants, optimal stride frequencies derived from V̇O2 and heart rate were related (r > 0.7; P < 0.05). In conclusion, trained runners chose a stride frequency closer to the optimum for energy expenditure than novices. Heart rate could be used to establish optimal stride frequency.
Effect of Tourniquet Shock and Acute Hemorrhage on the Circulation of Various Organs in the Rat

Cardiac output, blood pressure, and organ fractions of cardiac output, except the brain, were determined in rats subjected to tourniquet shock and to hemorrhage. Bleeding involved the withdrawal of 23 and 32 ml. /Kg. blood, respectively, and determinations were carried out 5 to 20 minutes after bleeding. Sapirstein's “indicator fractionation” method with Rb86 was used for the determination of the cardiac output fractions. Blood flow and circulatory resistance of the organs were calculated from the experimental data. Cardiac output was not measured after severe (32 ml./Kg.) hemorrhage. In tourniquet shock at 50 mm. Hg blood pressure, the cardiac output and the blood flow in all organs decrease while vascular resistance of the skin and of the “carcass” (skeleton, muscles, endocrine organs) increases. The heart, “lung,” and the liver fractions of cardiac output increase, renal and skin fractions decrease. After moderate hemorrhage at 47 mm. Hg blood pressure, cardiac output and the blood flow of the organs are low. Vascular resistance of all organs other than the heart and the “lung” rises. Cardiac output fractions of the heart, “lung,” and “carcass” increase; renal and cutaneous fractions decrease. In severe hemorrhage, the redistribution of cardiac output has a similar tendency but is usually more pronounced.
A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, 2nd Edition

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Fundus Autofluorescence in Chronic Essential Hypertension

Purpose: To evaluate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) changes in patients with chronic essential hypertension (HTN). Methods: In this case-control study, 35 eyes of 35 patients with chronic essential HTN (lasting >5 years) and 31 eyes of 31 volunteers without history of HTN were included. FAF pictures were taken from right eyes of all cases with the Heidelberg retina angiography and then were assessed by two masked retinal specialists. Results: In total, FAF images including 35 images of hypertensive patients and 31 pictures of volunteers, three apparently abnormal patterns were detected. A ring of hyper-autofluorescence in the central macula (doughnut-shaped) was observed in 9 (25.7%) eyes of the hypertensive group but only in 2 (6.5%) eyes of the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.036) between two groups. Hypo- and/or hyper-autofluorescence patches outside the fovea were the other sign found more in the hypertensive group (22.9%) than in the control group (6.5%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.089). The third feature was hypo-autofluorescence around the disk noticed in 11 (31.4%) eyes of hypertensive patients compared to 8 (25.8%) eyes of the controls (P = 0.615). Conclusion: A ring of hyper-autofluorescence in the central macula forming a doughnut-shaped feature may be a FAF sign in patients with chronic essential HTN.
Diabetic Pregnancy Associated With Increased Epidermal Growth Factor in Cord Serum at Term

OBJECTIVE: Epidermal growth factor is a ubiquitous mitogen that also possesses insulin-like properties. Fetal malgrowth is associated with altered epidermal growth factor levels. Maternal diabetes is frequently complicated by macrosomia, but the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal epidermal growth factor levels is not known. We studied cord serum epidermal growth factor concentrations in pregnancies complicated by diabetes and in normal pregnancies. METHODS: Cord serum epidermal growth factor concentrations were measured at birth by a sandwich-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assay in 63 pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in 25 pregnancies complicated by insulin-treated gestational diabetes, and in 56 normal pregnancies. RESULTS: Cord serum epidermal growth factor correlated positively with the duration of pregnancy in diabetic and normal pregnancies. In a subgroup of women at similar gestational ages (38–39 weeks), cord serum epidermal growth factor concentrations were higher in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (962 ± 211 ng/L, P = .047; n = 9) and in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (1133 ± 115 ng/L, P = .001; n = 9) than in controls (564 ± 75 ng/L; n = 22). In multiple regression analysis, only umbilical artery hemoglobin in diabetic pregnancies and vaginal delivery in normal pregnancies were associated with cord serum epidermal growth factor. CONCLUSION: Epidermal growth factor concentrations are higher than normal in fetuses of diabetic mothers at term. Pregnancy complications, such as hypertensive disorders, fetal hypoxia and fetal malgrowth, may not explain the rise in epidermal growth factor levels. We hypothesize that the rise in epidermal growth factor levels is a metabolic response of the fetoplacental unit to diabetes-related hyperglycemia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Inter-team coordination activities as a source of customer satisfaction

This article reports the results of a micro-level study into firm resources. It involved a comparative qualitative study of the activities contributing to service delivery in two similar but differentially performing divisions, one perceived by customers to be a high quality provider, the other a lower quality provider. The results indicate that there were differences in the incidence of inter-team coordination activities and that effective inter-team coordination was a critical factor in delivering increased customer satisfaction. This suggests that these activities, by causing staff to interact across internal boundaries, may constitute a resource advantage. We propose that these activities are critical for both the coordination of service delivery activities and knowledge exchange, and that contextual factors may have an impact on these activities. The study makes a contribution to the resource-based view and strategy as practice literatures and illustrates how a practice-orientated approach can inform the resource-based view.
Spatially adaptive Total Variation image denoising under salt and pepper noise

Automated selection of the regularization parameter for Total Variation restoration has shown to give very accurate reconstruction results. Most of the literature is devoted to the ℓ2-TV case (images corrupted with Gaussian noise), whereas for the ℓ1-TV case (images corrupted with salt-and-pepper noise) there are only a couple of published algorithms. In this paper we present a computationally efficient algorithm for ℓ1-TV denoising of grayscale and color images, which spatially adapts its regularization parameter. The proposed algorithm, which is based on the Iteratively Reweighted Norm algorithm, uses an adaptive median filter to initially estimate the outliers of the noisy (observed) image, and then proceeds to solve the ℓ1-TV problem only for the noisy pixels while spatially adapts the regularization parameter based on local statistics. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields impressive results even when 90% of the image pixels are corrupted.
Effective Ways to Develop and Maintain Robust Sport-Confidence: Strategies Advocated by Sport Psychology Consultants

Based on recent evidence, this study identified 10 strategies advocated by sport psychology consultants as effective at developing and maintaining robust sport-confidence in athletes. Due to the study's exploratory nature, qualitative interviews were conducted and content analyzed. Six themes emerged for developing robust sport-confidence and 4 emerged for maintaining robust sport-confidence. Findings reveal a need to develop an athlete's signature strengths, increase pressure experienced in training, and identify broad stable sources of confidence to develop robust sport-confidence. Consultants reported that maintaining robust sport-confidence occurs through constant development. Theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Evidence of a Novel Mechanism for Partial γ-Secretase Inhibition Induced Paradoxical Increase in Secreted Amyloid β Protein

BACE1 (β-secretase) and α-secretase cleave the Alzheimer's amyloid β protein (Aβ) precursor (APP) to C-terminal fragments of 99 aa (CTFβ) and 83 aa (CTFα), respectively, which are further cleaved by γ-secretase to eventually secrete Aβ and Aα (a.k.a. P3) that terminate predominantly at residues 40 and 42. A number of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), such as N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), have been developed with the goal of reducing Aβ to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although most studies show that DAPT inhibits Aβ in a dose-dependent manner several studies have also detected a biphasic effect with an unexpected increase at low doses of DAPT in cell cultures, animal models and clinical trials. In this article, we confirm the increase in Aβ40 and Aβ42 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with low doses of DAPT and identify one of the mechanisms for this paradox. We studied the pathway by first demonstrating that stimulation of Aβ, a product of γ-secretase, was accompanied by a parallel increase of its substrate CTFβ, thereby demonstrating that the inhibitor was not anomalously stimulating enzyme activity at low levels. Secondly, we have demonstrated that inhibition of an Aβ degrading activity, endothelin converting enzyme (ECE), yielded more Aβ, but abolished the DAPT-induced stimulation. Finally, we have demonstrated that Aα, which is generated in the secretory pathway before endocytosis, is not subject to the DAPT-mediated stimulation. We therefore conclude that impairment of γ-secretase can paradoxically increase Aβ by transiently skirting Aβ degradation in the endosome. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that preserving γ-secretase activity, rather than inhibiting it, is important for prevention of neurodegeneration.
SSR182289A, a Novel, Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitor: In Vitro Profile and ex Vivo Anticoagulant Activity

SSR182289A competitively inhibits human thrombin (K i = 0.031 ± 0.002 μM) and shows good selectivity with respect to other human proteases, e.g., trypsin (K i = 54 ± 2 μM), factor Xa (K i = 167 ± 9 μM), and factor VIIa, factor IXa, plasmin, urokinase, tPA, kallikrein, and activated protein C (all K i values >250 μM). In human plasma, SSR182289A demonstrated anticoagulant activity in vitro as measured by standard clotting parameters (EC100thrombin time 96 ± 7 nM) and inhibited tissue factor-induced thrombin generation (IC50 of 0.15 ± 0.02 μM). SSR182289A inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets with an IC50 value of 32 ± 9 nM, but had no effect on aggregation induced by other platelet agonists. The anticoagulant effects of SSR182289A were studied by measuring changes in coagulation markers ex vivo after i.v. or oral administration in several species. In dogs, SSR182289A (0.1–1 mg/kg i.v. and 1–5 mg/kg p.o.) produced dose-related increases in clotting times. After oral dosing, maximum anticoagulant effects were observed 2 h after administration with increases in thrombin time, 2496 ± 356%; ecarin clotting time (ECT), 1134 ± 204%; and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 91 ± 20% for the dose of 3 mg/kg p.o. , and thrombin time, 3194 ± 425%; ECT, 2017 ± 341%; and aPTT, 113 ± 9% after 5 mg/kg p.o. Eight hours after administration of 3 or 5 mg/kg SSR182289A, clotting times were still elevated. SSR182289A also showed oral anticoagulant activity in rat, rabbit, and macaque. Hence, SSR182289A is a potent, selective, and orally active thrombin inhibitor.
Teaching About Disability in Psychology

Historically, psychology education about disability focused narrowly on psychiatric and cognitive disabilities. Furthermore, disability tends to be viewed from the medical model, rather than the social model endorsed by disability scholars, which describes disability as primarily socially constructed. Course offerings for the psychology departments of 98 top-ranked undergraduate programs in the United States were content analyzed to identify the types of disabilities discussed and the extent to which they utilized a medical or social model. Courses examining psychiatric disabilities were offered at all departments. However, categories such as physical, sensory, and intellectual disabilities were covered in fewer than 20% of departments. Course descriptions contained significantly more medical than social model content. Results suggest many types of disabilities are underrepresented in psychology programs and the medical model continues to prevail.
Parametric Primitives for Hand Gesture Recognition

Imitation learning is considered to be an effective way of teaching humanoid robots and action recognition is the key step to imitation learning. In this paper an online algorithm to recognize parametric actions with object context is presented. Objects are key instruments in understanding an action when there is uncertainty. Ambiguities arising in similar actions can be resolved with object context. We classify actions according to the changes they make to the object space. Actions that produce the same state change in the object movement space are classified to belong to the same class. This allow us to define several classes of actions where members of each class are connected with a semantic interpretation. Keywords—Parametric actions, Action primitives, Hand gesture recognition, Imitation learning.
Wave digital filter modeling of circuits with operational amplifiers

We extend the Wave Digital Filter (WDF) approach to simulate reference circuits that involve operational amplifiers (op-amps). We handle both nullor-based ideal op-amp models and controlled-source-based linear op-amp macromodels in circuits with arbitrary topologies using recent derivations for complicated scattering matrices. The presented methods greatly increase the class of appropriate circuits for virtual analog modeling, and readily extend to circuits with any number of op-amps. Although op-amps are essential to many circuits and deviations from ideal can be important, previous WDF research applies only to the limited case of circuits with ideal op-amps, in differential amplifier topology, with no global feedback.
Effects of Inertia and Wrist Oscillations on Contralateral Neurological Postural Tremor Using the Wristalyzer, a New Myohaptic Device

Upper limb postural tremor consists of mechanical-reflex and central-neurogenic oscillations, superimposed upon a background of irregular fluctuations in muscle force. Muscle spindles play key-roles in the information flow to supra-spinal and spinal generators. Oscillations were delivered using a new generation portable myohaptic device, called ldquowristalyzer,rdquo taking into account the ergonomy of upper limbs and allowing a fine adjustment to each configuration of upper limb segments. The nominal torque of the first generation device is 4 Nm, with a maximal rotation velocity of 300 degrees/s and a range of motion of plusmn45 degrees. Reliability was assessed in basal condition and during loading conditions. We assessed the effects of the addition of inertia on postural tremor of the finger in a group of 26 neurological patients and the effects of wrist oscillations upon contralateral postural tremor in 6 control subjects and in 7 neurological patients exhibiting a postural tremor. Patients showed two different behaviors in response to inertia and exhibited an increased variability of postural tremor during fast oscillations (13.3 Hz). One patient with overactivity of the olivocerebellar pathways exhibited a drop in the peak frequency of more than 20%. The relative power of the 8-12 Hz subband was significantly higher in controls both in basal condition and during oscillations (p = 0.028 and p = 0.015, respectively). The second generation wristalyzer allows to investigate the effects of mechanical oscillations up to frequency of 50 Hz. This mechatronic device can assess the responsiveness of tremor generators to stimulation of muscle spindles and biomechanical loading. Potential applications are the monitoring of dysmetria under various inertial or damping conditions, the assessment of rigidity in Parkinson's disease and the characterization of voluntary muscle force.