Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robert Menzies' Forgotten People

'Menzies' political self was constructed around a denial of experience and an imagined England filled the void. So too for the people and the country he leda' In 1941, RG Menzies delivered to war-time Australia what was to be his richest, most creative speech, and one of his most influential. 'The Forgotten People' was a direct address to the Australian middle class, the 'people' who would return him to power in 1949 and keep him there until his retirement in 1966. Who were these 'forgotten people'? The middle class pitting their values of hard work and independence against the collectivist ethos of labour? Women shunning the class-based politics of men? The parents of Menzies' childhood in the small country town of Jeparit? Australians struggling to maintain a derivative culture at the edges of the British Empire? Or all of them, in a richly over-determined image that takes us to the heart of Menzies' mid-life political transformation? Judith Brett deftly traces the links between the private and public meanings of Menzies' political language to produce compelling insights into the man and the culture he represented.
Nimotuzumab suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and enhances apoptosis in low-dose UV-C treated salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines in vitro

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), which is one of the most common malignant tumors of the salivary glands, is associated with a poor long-term outcome. There are currently few therapeutic options for patients with SACC. Recent studies have shown the potential of the application of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation for the treatment of human cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of UV-C in the SACC cell lines SACC-83 and SACC-LM. High-dose UV-C (200 J/m2) induced apoptosis and inhibited colony formation significantly. However, low-dose UV-C (10 J/m2), which had little effect on apoptosis and colony formation, increased the ability of migration in SACC cells accompanied by a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in vimentin, suggesting the occurrence of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Low-dose UV-C (10 J/m2) also resulted in upregulation of the phosphorylated forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Akt (p-EGFR and p-Akt, respectively). Pretreatment with Nimotuzumab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, reversed the EMT as well as upregulation of p-EGFR/p-Akt induced by UV-C. Moreover, Nimotuzumab enhanced UV-C induced apoptosis and inhibition of colony formation. Our results indicate that EMT exerts a protective effect against apoptosis induced by low-dose UV-C. Thus, the combined application of Nimotuzumab and low-dose UV-C in vitro has an advantageous antitumor effect in SACC compared with the application of UV-C alone.
A brief historical perspective: Hodgkin and Huxley

Working together in 1939, and again from 1946 to 1952, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley formed one of the most productive and influential collaborations in the history of physiology. Their work, both in the Physiological Laboratory in Cambridge and at the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth, provided fundamental insights into nerve cell excitability. Their legacy is not only our understanding of how voltage-gated ion channels give rise to propagating action potentials, but also the very framework for studying and analysing ion channel kinetics. Their work won them a share of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Fig. 1) as well as laying the foundations for other Nobel Prize-winning work including that of Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann ‘for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells’ and Roderick MacKinnon ‘for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels’. Figure 1 The cover of the 1963 Nobel Prize Programme
Repeat Breeder Syndrome in Dairy Cows: Influence of Breed and Age on Its Prevalence

The study was conducted in Mekelle the capital city of Tigray regional state from November 2013 to April 2014 with the objective to establish the prevalence of repeat breeder syndrome (RBS) in local and crossed breed cows and to assess different husbandry factors that predispose the animal into this condition. A total of 384 dairy cows 53 heifers and 331 multiparous cows were included in the present study. The total prevalence of repeat breeding in Mekelle was 7.29% (n=28). Higher prevalence of RBS (7.53%) was recorded in crossbreed cows/heifers and the prevalence of RBS was significantly higher in heifers 22.64% (n=12) in comparison to multiparous cows. In conclusion, repeat breeder cow syndrome is high in Mekelle dairy cows and the prevalence is much higher in heifers compared to multiparous cows particularly in the cross breed than the local breed.
Loss of Olfactory Receptor Function in Hominin Evolution

The mammalian sense of smell is governed by the largest gene family, which encodes the olfactory receptors (ORs). The gain and loss of OR genes is typically correlated with adaptations to various ecological niches. Modern humans have 853 OR genes but 55% of these have lost their function. Here we show evidence of additional OR loss of function in the Neanderthal and Denisovan hominin genomes using comparative genomic methodologies. Ten Neanderthal and 8 Denisovan ORs show evidence of loss of function that differ from the reference modern human OR genome. Some of these losses are also present in a subset of modern humans, while some are unique to each lineage. Morphological changes in the cranium of Neanderthals suggest different sensory arrangements to that of modern humans. We identify differences in functional olfactory receptor genes among modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, suggesting varied loss of function across all three taxa and we highlight the utility of using genomic information to elucidate the sensory niches of extinct species.
A Study of the Cognitive Profiles of Medicated and Nonmedicated Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is among the most commonly diagnosed childhood disorders, with symptoms that can cause significant difficulties in the educational setting. Deficits related to working memory and processing speed are thought to be a core feature of ADHD. As such, research using traditional measures of cognitive functioning has shown that children diagnosed with ADHD tend to perform poorly on measures of processing speed and working memory, relative to non-ADHD individuals and relative to measures of other cognitive abilities. Psychostimulant medication is a common treatment for ADHD and research overwhelmingly supports its positive impact on behavior and concentration; however, research related to its impact on cognitive functioning is sparse and findings have been equivocal. The major purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not there are significant differences in the cognitive profiles of individuals with ADHD relative to nonADHD controls. Of particular interest was the functioning of children with ADHD on measures of processing speed and working memory relative to non-ADHD children and relative to measures of other cognitive abilities. Furthermore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of medication on the performance of ADHD subjects on measures of cognitive functioning. The results of this study found that students with ADHD did perform significantly lower on measures of processing speed and working memory on the WISC-IV relative to non-ADHD subjects and relative to measures of verbal and nonverbal reasoning skills. This lends support to previous research and hypotheses, indicating that working memory and processing speed deficits are a core feature of ADHD. This study did not find Cognitive Profiles of ADHD Students vi significant differences between students who were medicated relative to those who were not on overall IQ, Index, or Subtest scores of the WISC-IV. On the other hand, nonmedicated ADHD subjects were more likely than medicated ADHD subjects to display GAI scores greater than WMI, which provides some support for the positive effects of medication on working memory, although much more research is needed to make this claim. No support for positive medication effects on processing speed was found in this study. Cognitive Profiles of ADHD Students vii
Learning (by) Feeling: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Socialization and Development of Emotions

Although much has been written about “socialization” and “emotion” in different cultures, these two topics have rarely been systematically combined and analyzed from the perspective of ontogenetic development. Drawing on approaches from developmental psychology and cultural anthropology, we examine how cultural models of emotion and their corresponding emotionally arousing child-rearing practices lead to culture-specific pathways of emotion development among the Bara (Madagascar) and the Tao (Taiwan). We focus especially on socializing emotions, which we define in terms of their function to orient individuals toward cultural norms and values and to inculcate social conformity. Based on empirical data gathered in long-term ethnographic field studies, we provide evidence that the Bara emphasize “fear” and the Tao “anxiety” as focal socializing emotions.
In vivo staging of regional amyloid deposition

Objectives: To estimate a regional progression pattern of amyloid deposition from cross-sectional amyloid-sensitive PET data and evaluate its potential for in vivo staging of an individual's amyloid pathology. Methods: Multiregional analysis of florbetapir (18F-AV45)–PET data was used to determine individual amyloid distribution profiles in a sample of 667 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, including cognitively normal older individuals (CN) as well as patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. The frequency of regional amyloid positivity across CN individuals was used to construct a 4-stage model of progressing amyloid pathology, and individual distribution profiles were used to evaluate the consistency of this hierarchical stage model across the full cohort. Results: According to a 4-stage model, amyloid deposition begins in temporobasal and frontomedial areas, and successively affects the remaining associative neocortex, primary sensory-motor areas and the medial temporal lobe, and finally the striatum. Amyloid deposition in these brain regions showed a highly consistent hierarchical nesting across participants, where only 2% exhibited distribution profiles that deviated from the staging scheme. The earliest in vivo amyloid stages were mostly missed by conventional dichotomous classification approaches based on global florbetapir-PET signal, but were associated with significantly reduced CSF Aβ42 levels. Advanced in vivo amyloid stages were most frequent in patients with AD and correlated with cognitive impairment in individuals without dementia. Conclusions: The highly consistent regional hierarchy of PET-evidenced amyloid deposition across participants resembles neuropathologic observations and suggests a predictable regional sequence that may be used to stage an individual's progress of amyloid pathology in vivo.
Behavioral characteristics of 'favorite' coaches: implications for coach education.

The purpose of this paper was to use athletes’ and former athletes’ memories of their favorite coach to improve coach education curriculum. Player preferences of coaching behavior can affect both their attitudes toward their sport experiences and team performance. By identifying positive coaching behaviors as recalled by athletes, coach educators can ensure that the curriculum in their courses reflect those preferences. University students enrolled in introductory coaching classes over a period of six years (12 semesters) were asked to list up to ten behavioral characteristics of their favorite coach in their athletic careers. Their responses were analyzed to determine specific examples of behaviors that defined coaches who were remembered as favorites. Comparisons were made with standardized measures of coaching characteristics (Chelladurai & Saleh,1980) in hopes of determining ways to improve the coach education curriculum.
A method for evaluating the distribution of the total cost of a random process over its lifetime

For a random process (X (t), t greater than or equal to 0), suppose that there is a cost f(x) associated with being in state x. This paper is concerned with evaluating the distribution and the expected value of the total cost Gamma over the life of the process. The existing literature contains results for particular classes of process and particular choices of f, usually linear functions of the state. We will describe a method which assumes only that f is non-negative. We characterize both the distribution and the expected value of Gamma as extremal solutions of systems of linear equations. Of particular interest in biological applications is the case when there is a single absorbing state, corresponding to population extinction, where we are usually interested in evaluating the cost of the process up to the time of extinction. We will illustrate our results with reference to three important Markovian models: the pure-birth process, the birth-death process, and the linear birth-death and catastrophe process.
The Posterolateral Attachments of the Knee

Background: Quantitative descriptions of the attachment sites of the main posterolateral knee structures have not been performed. Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively determine the anatomic attachment sites of these structures and their relationships to pertinent bony landmarks. Study Type: Cadaveric study. Methods: Dissections were performed and measurements taken on 10 nonpaired fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. Results: The fibular collateral ligament had an average femoral attachment slightly proximal (1.4 mm) and posterior (3.1 mm) to the lateral epicondyle. Distally, it attached 8.2 mm posterior to the anterior aspect of the fibular head. The popliteus tendon had a constant broad-based femoral attachment at the most proximal and anterior fifth of the popliteal sulcus. The popliteus tendon attachment on the femur was always anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. The average distance between the femoral attachments of the popliteus tendon and fibular collateral ligament was 18.5 mm. The popliteofibular ligament had two divisions—anterior and posterior—in all cases. The average attachment of the posterior division was 1.6 mm distal to the posteromedial aspect of the tip of the fibular styloid process and the anterior division attached 2.8 mm distal to the anteromedial aspect of the tip of the fibular styloid process. Conclusions: These structures had a consistent attachment pattern. This information will prove useful in the study of anatomic repair and reconstruction of the posterolateral structures of the knee.
Diffusion rates of cell surface antigens of mouse-human heterokaryons. I. Analysis of the population

The rate of appearance, in a newly formed heterokaryon population, of cells bearing completely intermixed mouse and human surface antigens may be used to estimate diffusion constants for antigens on individual cells. From this estimate, it appears that the surface antigens in most cells do not diffuse at the rate expected, but rather move more slowly, by a factor of ten or more, than expected from either measured or calculated diffusion constants for proteins freely mobile in the plane of a lipid membrane. Differences in diffusion rates between cells are not due to effects of Sendai virus, or of trypsin. Restrictions on diffusion are apparently not due to cytochalasin B- or Colcemid- sensitive elements.
Equine assisted social work as a mean for authentic relations between clients and staff

The purpose of this study was to explore, by qualitative methods, the meaning of equine-assisted social work (EASW) both to young women with self-harm problems and their staff in residential treatment. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with eight staff members and nine clients. Human-horse interaction was observed subsequently in three of the staff and four of the clients. Based on the narratives of the staff members and the clients, who agreed, the horse’s ability to read human emotions made the staff and clients aware of their own emotions. In order not to alienate the horse or make the situation dangerous, which intensified their sense of being in the present, both the clients and staff had to regulate their emotions. As a result the resistance for change decreased, made the participants more likely to regulate their emotions and change behavior rather than avoid the situation or the information. The horse seemed to set the framework for the interaction between the staff and young women. The fact that even the staff could fail in the interaction with the horse, affected the interaction between staff and clients making it more informal and dynamic. A relationship based on empathy, trust, respect and negotiation, where clients shared private matters, resulted in the perception of a more authentic relationship. Further research is needed to see which conditions are favourable for achieving an authentic relationship and which conditions possibly fail.
Resolving Conflicting Preferences in School Choice: The 'Boston' Mechanism Reconsidered

Despite its widespread use, the Boston mechanism has been criticized for its poor incentive and welfare performances compared to the Gale-Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm (DA). By contrast, when students have the same ordinal preferences and schools have no priorities, we find that the Boston mechanism Pareto dominates the DA in ex ante welfare, that it may not harm but rather benefit participants who may not strategize well, and that, in the presence of school priorities, the Boston mechanism also tends to facilitate greater access than the DA to good schools for those lacking priorities at those schools. (JEL D82, I21, I28)
Major Products of Glucose Dissimilation by Pseudomonas natriegens

Eagon, R. G. (University of Georgia, Athens), and H. W. Cho. Major products of glucose dissimilation by Pseudomonas natriegens. J. Bacteriol. 89:1209–1211. 1965. —Pseudomonas natriegens aerobically catabolized glucose to yield predominantly acetic acid, pyruvic acid, and CO2, whereas little or no lactic acid was formed. Under anaerobic conditions, glucose in an enriched medium was fermented to yield acetic acid and lactic acid but no pyruvic acid or CO2. Glucose in a basal salts medium was fermented to yield predominantly acetic acid, lactic acid, and CO2, while small amounts of pyruvic acid were detected. It was suggested that the aerobic accumulation of acidic products results from rapid glucose dissimilation to the oxidation level of pyruvic acid, followed by a less rapidly functioning tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Landing the First Job: The Value of Intermediaries in Online Hiring

Online markets for remote labour services allow workers and firms to contract with each other directly. Despite this, intermediaries—called outsourcing agencies—have emerged in these markets. This article shows that agencies signal to employers that inexperienced workers are high quality. Workers affiliated with an agency have substantially higher job-finding probabilities and wages at the beginning of their careers compared to similar workers without an agency affiliation. This advantage declines after high-quality non-affiliated workers receive good public feedback scores. The results indicate that intermediaries have arisen endogenously to permit a more efficient allocation of workers to jobs.
Tankyrase Inhibitors Stimulate the Ability of Tankyrases to Bind Axin and Drive Assembly of β-Catenin Degradation-Competent Axin Puncta

Activation of the wnt signaling pathway is a major cause of colon cancer development. Tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi) have recently been developed to block the wnt pathway by increasing axin levels to promote degradation of the wnt-regulator β-catenin. TNKSi bind to the PARP (poly(ADP)ribose polymerase) catalytic region of tankyrases (TNKS), preventing the PARylation of TNKS and axin that normally control axin levels through ubiquitination and degradation. TNKSi treatment of APC-mutant SW480 colorectal cancer cells can induce axin puncta which act as sites for assembly of β-catenin degradation complexes, however this process is poorly understood. Using this model system, we found that siRNA knockdown of TNKSs 1 and 2 actually blocked the ability of TNKSi drugs to induce axin puncta, revealing that puncta formation requires both the expression and the inactivation of TNKS. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that treatment of cells with TNKSi caused a strong increase in the formation of axin-TNKS complexes, correlating with an increase in insoluble or aggregated forms of TNKS/axin. The efficacy of TNKSi was antagonized by proteasome inhibitors, which stabilized the PARylated form of TNKS1 and reduced TNKSi-mediated assembly of axin-TNKS complexes and puncta. We hypothesise that TNKSi act to stimulate TNKS oligomerization and assembly of the TNKS-axin scaffold that form puncta. These new insights may help in optimising the future application of TNKSi in anticancer drug design.
Electrosensibility and electromagnetic hypersensitivity

Electromagnetic sensibility, the ability to perceive electric and electromagnetic exposure, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), developing health symptoms due to exposure to environmental electromagnetic fields, need to be distinguished. Increased electrosensibility is a necessary, however, not a sufficient condition for electromagnetic hypersensitivity. At an extended sample of the general population of 708 adults, including 349 men and 359 women aged between 17 and 60 years, electrosensibility was investigated and characterized by perception threshold and its standard deviation. By analyzing the probability distributions of the perception threshold of electric 50 Hz currents, evidence could be found for the existence of a subgroup of people with significantly increased electrosensibility (hypersensibility) who as a group could be differentiated from the general population. The presented data show that the variation of the electrosensibility among the general population is significantly larger than has yet been estimated by nonionizing radiation protection bodies, but much smaller than claimed by hypersensitivity self‐aid groups. These quantitative results should contribute to a less emotional discussion of this problem. The investigation method presented, is capable of exclusion diagnostics for persons suffering from the hypersensitivity syndrome. Bioelectromagnetics 24:387–394, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.