Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychology students’ perception of and engagement with feedback as a function of year of study

Undergraduate students’ perception of feedback and level of engagement with the feedback they receive have gained increasing attention in the educational literature recently to identify areas which require educators’ attention. However, research in this area has generally been based on limited self-selecting samples, and has not considered how students’ relationship with feedback may alter depending on their year of study. To address this, a survey measuring students’ views and practices regarding feedback was completed at a higher education institution by 447 first-, second- and third-year psychology students, representing 77% of the cohort. Findings revealed that third years responded more negatively in both areas than their first- and second-year counterparts, whose ratings on these aspects themselves were far from optimal. These findings highlight the need for early interventions to improve students’ perception of and engagement with feedback in the earlier years, and to prevent the recorded deterioration later on in the degree course.
Assessing Beliefs about Lighting Effects on Health, Performance, Mood, and Social Behavior

Energy conservation through the adoption of new, energy-efficient technologies will succeed only to the extent that the new technologies are not themselves perceived as risk sources. Previous research has found that beliefs about the health effects of fluorescent lighting predict compact fluorescent lamp use in homes. This paper describes the development and validation of a questionnaire to assess beliefs about the effects of common types of interior lighting on human health, work performance, mood, and social behavior. Principal components analysis of the 32-item Lighting Beliefs Questionnaire revealed 6 interpretable components: Lighting Importance, Brightness, Major Health Effects: Fluorescent Lighting, Minor Health Effects: Fluorescent Lighting, Social Setting, and Daylighting. The questionnaire may be used to explore responses to interior lighting and to discover what beliefs are held by end users. This information will assist in allaying unwarranted fears and concerns about new lighting technologies.
Oxygen Consumption by DesulfovibrioStrains with and without Polyglucose

ABSTRACT The kinetics of oxygen reduction by Desulfovibrio salexigens Mast1 and the role of polyglucose in this activity were examined and compared with those of strains of D. desulfuricans and D. gigas. Oxidation rates were highest at air saturation (up to 40 nmol of O2min−1 mg of protein−1) and declined with decreasing oxygen concentrations. Studies with cell extracts (CE) indicated that NADH oxidase was entirely responsible for the oxygen reduction in strain Mast1. In D. desulfuricans CSN, at least three independent systems appeared to reduce oxygen. Two were active at all oxygen concentrations (NADH oxidase and NADPH oxidase), and one was maximally active at less than 10 μM oxygen. In contrast to D. gigas and D. salexigens strains, theD. desulfuricans strains also contained NADH peroxidase and NADPH peroxidase activities and did not accumulate polyglucose under nonlimiting growth conditions. At air saturation, initial activities of the oxidases and peroxidases of cells harvested at the end of the log phase were on the order of 20 to 140 nmol of O2min−1 mg of protein−1. In all strains, these enzymes were relatively stable but were susceptible to inactivation as soon as substrates were added to the assay mixture. Under those conditions, all oxidation activity disappeared after ca. 1 h of incubation. The same finding was observed with whole cells of D. desulfuricans CSN and D. desulfuricans ATCC 27774, but inactivation was less pronounced with cells of D. salexigens Mast1. It appeared that the presence of polyglucose in the whole cells retarded the process of inactivation of NADH oxidase, but this property was lost in crude CE. In spite of the effect of polyglucose on the oxidative potential, oxygen-dependent growth ofD. salexigens Mast1 could be demonstrated neither in batch nor in continuous culture.
Hierarchical Effects of School-, Classroom-, and Student-Level Factors on the Science Performance of Eighth-Grade Taiwanese Students

This study was conducted to understand the effect of student-, classroom-, and school-level factors on the science performance of 8th-grade Taiwanese students in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 by using multilevel analysis. A total of 5,042 students from 153 classrooms of 150 schools participated in the TIMSS 2011 study, in which they were required to complete questionnaires. A 3-level multilevel analysis was used to assess the influence of factors at 3 levels on the science performance of 8th-grade Taiwanese students. The results showed that the provision of education resources at home, teachers’ level of education, and school climate were the strongest predictor of science performance at the student, classroom, and school level, respectively. It was concluded that the science performance of 8th-grade Taiwanese students is driven largely by individual factors. Classroom-level factors accounted for a smaller proportion of the total variance in science performance than did school-level factors.
Association analysis of polymorphisms in serotonin 1B receptor (HTR1B) gene with heroin addiction: a comparison of molecular and statistically estimated haplotypes

Objectives 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-1B receptors (HTR1B) may play an important role in psychiatric disorders and drug and alcohol dependence. In this study we report on genotype, molecular haplotype and statistically estimated haplotype analyses of previously identified polymorphisms in positions −261T>G, −161A>T, 129C>T, 861G>C and 1180A>G of the HTR1B gene in ethnically diverse populations (African-Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics and Asians) including 235 former heroin addicts and 161 control subjects from New York City. The objectives were to test for an association of molecular and statistically estimated haplotypes and genotypes in HTR1B gene with heroin addiction and to compare results provided by molecular and statistically estimated haplotyping methods. Methods Genotype analysis was performed using a standard TaqMan protocol. Molecular haplotype analysis of the subset of polymorphisms consisting of −261T>G, −161A>T and 129C>T was performed using a protocol specially designed by our group, using fluorescent PCR. This is based on use of allele-specific primers complementary to flanking polymorphisms and a fluorescently labeled sequence-specific TaqMan probe set complementary to an internal polymorphism of the haplotype region. Every individual's statistically inferred haplotype pair agreed with the individual's haplotype pair determined by molecular haplotyping. Results and conclusion A point-wise significant association of haplotype pairs containing allele G at position 1180 with protective effect from heroin addiction in Caucasians was found. A point-wise nominally significant association of allele 1180G with a protective effect from heroin addiction was found in Caucasians. Statistically significant differences across four ethnic groups in control subjects for allelic frequencies of −261T>G and −161A>T were found.
‘I object to rain that is cheerless’: landscape art and the Stalinist aesthetic imagination

This essay considers discourses around nature and landscape in the Soviet art criticism of the Stalin period. Rather than being a genre that was neglected or in some way subordinated to the themes of industrial construction and socialist transformation, the depiction of nature was a major preoccupation of Socialist Realism. Indeed, it became progressively stronger as the Stalinist period developed from the 1930s to the early 1950s. There was a common belief that the most important Soviet political and social values could be conveyed through the imagery of the natural landscape, and there was much discussion in the literature as to how the ideological messages could best be articulated. An examination of this discourse reveals, however, that the semantic potentials of landscape art ran in very different directions. Thus while Stalinist art was eminently successful in ‘politicizing’ the representation of the natural world, it was manifestly unable to remove the ambiguous and even contradictory nature of the messages that resulted.
Bulimic Symptomatology in High School Girls

This study tests the explanatory power of an integrated sociocultural and personality model in predicting bulimic symptomatology. Family, peer, and personality factors were assessed at three levels of analysis. The first level of the model measured the general functioning of the family system and friendship network. The second level assessed the extent to which the family system and friendship network were concerned with issues of weight and dieting, as well as the rate of eating disorders among members in these groups. The third level investigated the relationship of certain personality variables to bulimic symptoms. Based on self-report data from approximately 400 high school girls, correlates of bulimic symptomatology at each of the three levels of analysis were identified. An integrated model, in which the three levels of analysis were considered in unison, demonstrated that risk factors at each level of analysis cumulatively contribute to an increase in bulimic symptoms.
Is multidetector computed tomography comparable to magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of lumbar foraminal stenosis?

Background Both multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for assessment of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS). Therefore, it is relevant to assess agreement between these imaging modalities. Purpose To determine intermodality, inter-, and intra-observer agreement for assessment of LFS on MDCT and MRI. Material and Methods A total of 120 foramina in 20 patients who visited our institution in January and February 2014 were evaluated by six radiologists with different levels of experience. Radiologists evaluated presence and severity of LFS on sagittal CT and MR images according to a previously published LFS grading system. Intermodality agreement was analyzed by using weighted kappa statistics, while inter- and intra-observer agreement were analyzed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and kappa statistics. Results Overall intermodality agreement was moderate to good (kappa, 0.478–0.765). In particular, two professors and one fellow tended to overestimate the degree of LFS on CT compared with MRI. For inter-observer agreement of all six observers, ICCs indicated excellent agreement for both CT (0.774) and MRI (0.771), while Fleiss’ kappa values showed moderate agreement for CT (0.482) and MRI (0.575). There was better agreement between professors and fellows compared with residents. For intra-observer agreement, ICCs indicated excellent agreement, while kappa values showed good to excellent agreement for both CT and MRI. Conclusion MDCT was comparable to MRI for diagnosis and assessment of LFS, especially for experienced observers. However, there was a tendency to overestimate the degree of LFS on MDCT compared with MRI.
The relationship between reading skills in early English as a foreign language and Hungarian as a first language

In recent years, similarly to other educational contexts in the European Union and other parts of the world, early foreign language programs have become widely spread in Hungary. This article looks into the relationship between Hungarian learners’ reading skills in English as a foreign language (L2) and in their first language (L1) Hungarian. We analyze data from two quantitative cross-sectional studies to explore how they interact. In the first one, participants were representative samples of Hungarian students (n > 4700 in Grade 6 and n > 3900 in Grade 8; age 12 and 14, respectively). Besides their proficiency in reading comprehension in L2, their reading skills were also tested in the mother tongue. The other study involved a representative sample of eighth graders (n = 247) in one particular county of Hungary (Baranya). This enquiry tapped into learners’ proficiency in reading comprehension in English and in Hungarian, but besides reading, their listening comprehension and writing skills were also assessed in the two languages. Both studies found evidence for the interdependence hypothesis: a close relationship was found between L1 and L2 performances. However, relationships between L2 skills proved to be stronger than those between L1 and L2 as well as between L1 skills.
Survival and Growth of Yeast without Telomere Capping by Cdc13 in the Absence of Sgs1, Exo1, and Rad9

Maintenance of telomere capping is absolutely essential to the survival of eukaryotic cells. Telomere capping proteins, such as Cdc13 and POT1, are essential for the viability of budding yeast and mammalian cells, respectively. Here we identify, for the first time, three genetic modifications that allow budding yeast cells to survive without telomere capping by Cdc13. We found that simultaneous inactivation of Sgs1, Exo1, and Rad9, three DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, is sufficient to allow cell division in the absence of Cdc13. Quantitative amplification of ssDNA (QAOS) was used to show that the RecQ helicase Sgs1 plays an important role in the resection of uncapped telomeres, especially in the absence of checkpoint protein Rad9. Strikingly, simultaneous deletion of SGS1 and the nuclease EXO1, further reduces resection at uncapped telomeres and together with deletion of RAD9 permits cell survival without CDC13. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis studies show that cdc13-1 rad9Δ sgs1Δ exo1Δ strains can maintain linear chromosomes despite the absence of telomere capping by Cdc13. However, with continued passage, the telomeres of such strains eventually become short and are maintained by recombination-based mechanisms. Remarkably, cdc13Δ rad9Δ sgs1Δ exo1Δ strains, lacking any Cdc13 gene product, are viable and can grow indefinitely. Our work has uncovered a critical role for RecQ helicases in limiting the division of cells with uncapped telomeres, and this may provide one explanation for increased tumorigenesis in human diseases associated with mutations of RecQ helicases. Our results reveal the plasticity of the telomere cap and indicate that the essential role of telomere capping is to counteract specific aspects of the DDR.
Functional convergence in the tense, evidentiality and aspectual systems of Quechua Spanish bilinguals

In this paper, I present an exploratory study on cross-linguistic interference among Quechua-Spanish bilingual children living in a language contact situation. The study focuses on convergence in the tense, aspectual and evidentiality systems of the two languages. While in Quechua past tense features are strongly linked to evidentiality in the matrix of features associated with the functional category Tense, in Spanish, past tense features are linked to aspectual features. The study presents evidence that supports the Functional Convergence Hypothesis according to which syntactic convergence among bilingual speakers is favored when the matrix of features associated with a functional category is partially divergent, as is the case for Tense in Spanish and Quechua. The Spanish results indicate that among bilinguals past tense is associated with evidentiality features and contrast sharply with the results of the monolingual comparison group. Bilingual Quechua results exhibit an incipient emergence of discourse-oriented background and foreground distinctions, similar to those found in Spanish in association with aspectual morphology.
Two Approaches

I. The detection of the ground state nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of host molecules via the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of 'the triplet state of the guest is reported here. The two systems studied were the. 3 1i:1r* state of quinoline doped in 1, 2, 4, 5 tetrachlorobenzene and the 3 I l'rr* state of py~azine in 1, 4 dichlorobenzene. II. The important atomic scattering system electron-hydrogen atom is studied by two approaches. For the medium high impact energy range, . the distorted waves approxi1! lation, in the Eikonal guise, is developed. For low . exci tation energies the classical I-matrix formalism is proposed for this very . quantum-like system.
Replication of a Problem Behavior Model with American Indian, Hispanic, and Caucasian Youth

The replicability of a model of family and peer influences on adolescent problem behavior was evaluated with samples of adolescent boys and girls from three ethnic groups: American Indians, Hispanics, and Caucasians. Participants were 1,450 seventh-grade students from 16 communities. The model included links between three aspects of family functioning (family conflict, positive family relations, and inadequate parental monitoring) and adolescents’ association with deviant peers. Those variables were hypothesized predictors of adolescents’ problem behavior (antisocial behavior, poor school performance, and frequency of substance use). The resulting cross-sectional model showed good consistency across the three ethnic groups for both genders, but some subgroup differences emerged in the magnitude of relations between monitoring and adolescents’ associations with deviant peers and between substance use and the problem behavior construct. With those qualifications, the model was applicable to Hispanic and Native American adolescents in the sample.
Soluble member(s) of the mesothelin/megakaryocyte potentiating factor family are detectable in sera from patients with ovarian carcinoma.

mAb OV569 was made by immunizing mice with ovarian carcinoma cells. It binds to cells from ovarian carcinomas and, to a lesser extent, to cells from certain other carcinomas whereas the binding to normal tissues is low to nondetectable. It also binds to soluble molecule(s) in culture supernatants from antigen-positive carcinomas. OV569 recognizes a protein(s) of 42-45 kDa with the same N-terminal amino acid sequence as the membrane-bound portion of mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor (MPF). Binding assays with fusion proteins comprising either the N-terminal part of mesothelin/MPF (D1Ig), reported to be easily cleaved off, or a noncleavable, membrane-associated part (D2Ig) showed that OV569 only binds to D2hIg. A new member of the mesothelin/MPF family was discovered, which has an 82-bp insert in the membrane-associated part, leading to a frameshift of 212 bp, and whose predicted molecular structure indicates that it is soluble. To test patient sera for soluble tumor antigen, antigen was isolated from cell-free tumor culture supernatants via immunoadsorption with OV569 and used to generate murine mAbs to an epitope different from the one to which OV569 binds, after which mAbs to two different epitopes were used to develop a "sandwich ELISA. " Using this assay, the level of circulating antigen was elevated significantly in 23 of 30 sera from patients with ovarian carcinoma, as compared with 0 of 68 sera from healthy controls, 0 of 3 sera from patients with nonneoplastic diseases, and 25 of 75 sera from patients with other tumors. Soluble molecules of the mesothelin/MPF family may provide useful new marker(s) for diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma and/or monitoring its response to therapy.
Lymph node metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary in the upper and middle neck: Impact of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging for detection of the primary tumor and its impact on treatment planning in patients presenting with cancer of unknown primary and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-positive cervical lymph nodes of the upper and middle neck. METHODS The study population consisted of 18 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven SCC involving lymph nodes of the upper and middle neck region and negative conventional diagnostic procedures with regard to the location of the primary. All patients underwent FDG-PET/CT according to a standard procedure in search for the primary, unidentified tumor. RESULTS In none of the patients FDG-PET/CT was able to indicate a primary tumor localization. Although FDG-PET/CT did identify all sites of known lymph node involvement, neither additional sites of lymph node involvement nor sites of distant metastases were identified. Accordingly, FDG-PET/CT did not impact patient treatment planning. CONCLUSIONS In this series, including patients suffering from lymph node metastases by an SCC of unknown primary in the upper and middle neck, FDG-PET/CT was unable to identify a primary tumor. In addition, FDG-PET/CT did not modify the treatment planning in any of the patients studied.
Vitamin D3 modulated gene expression patterns in human primary normal and cancer prostate cells

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the steroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of nuclear receptors and has potential tumor‐suppressive functions in prostate and other cancer types. Vitamin D3 (VD3) exerts its biological actions by binding within cells to VDR. The VDR then interacts with specific regions of the DNA in cells, and triggers changes in the activity of genes involved in cell division, cell survival, and cellular function. Using human primary cultures and the prostate cancer (PCa) cell line, ALVA‐31, we examined the effects of VD3 under different culture conditions. Complete G0/G1 arrest of ALVA‐31 cells and ∼50% inhibition of tumor stromal cell growth was observed. To determine changes in gene expression patterns related to VD3 activity, microarray analysis was performed. More than ∼20,000 genes were evaluated for twofold relative increases and decreases in expression levels. A number of the gene targets that were up‐ and down‐regulated are related to potential mechanisms of prostatic growth regulation. These include estrogen receptor (ER), heat shock proteins: 70 and 90, Apaf1, Her‐2/neu, and paxillin. Utilizing antibodies generated against these targets, we were able to confirm the changes at the protein level. These newly reported gene expression patterns provide novel information not only potential markers, but also on the genes involved in VD3 induced apoptosis in PCa. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parenting Teenagers: Setting Up and Evaluating a Therapeutic Parent Consultation Service: Work in Progress

The parenting of adolescents has been the focus of prolific international academic research, but in the UK there has been little attempt to develop clinical services targeted at the parents of teenagers. This article describes setting up a Parent Consultation Service (PCS), provided by child and adolescent psychotherapists, alongside a psychotherapy service for young people. The service is targeted at parents whose adolescents refuse, or fail, to engage in treatment in their own right. The parents of these troubled young people are often left with great anxiety for their children and can be bearing the brunt of their children’s emotions and behaviour without any access to sources of help. The PCS utilizes two measures; the Problem Perception Questionnaire and the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (SIPA), to provide data about the difficulties experienced by parents and to evaluate the outcome of the service. The results of a statistical analysis of the data show significant changes in parents’ perceptions of the problems in their relationship with their adolescent and in the stress levels they experience. A service evaluation survey shows that parents rate all aspects of the service highly. The results are discussed and linked to research on ‘authoritative’ parenting.