Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A lazy narrowing calculus for declarative constraint programming

The new generic scheme CFLP (D) has been recently proposed in [24] as a logical and semantic framework for lazy constraint functional logic programming over a parametrically given constraint domain D. In this paper we extend such framework with a suitable operational semantics, which relies on a new constrained lazy narrowing calculus for goal solving parameterized by a constraint solver over the given domain D. This new calculus is sound and strongly complete w.r. t. the declarative semantics of CFLP (D)programs, which was formalized in [24] by means of a Constraint Rewriting Logic CRWL (D).
The frequency of JAK2 exon 12 mutations in idiopathic erythrocytosis patients with low serum erythropoietin levels

Background and Objectives Idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE) is characterized by erythrocytosis in the absence of megakaryocytic or granulocytic hyperplasia, and is associated with variable serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels. Most patients with IE lack the JAK2 V617F mutation that occurs in the majority of polycythemia vera patients. Four novel JAK2 mutant alleles have recently been described in patients with V617F-negative myeloproliferative disorders presenting with erythrocytosis. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of JAK2 exon 12 mutations in IE patients, and to determine the associated clinicopathological features. Design and Methods A cohort of 58 IE patients with low to normal serum Epo levels and no known causative mutation were identified from 181 individuals diagnosed with IE. Patients’ DNA samples were screened for the presence of a JAK2 exon 12 mutation by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Bone marrow trephines were examined for morphological abnormalities and the erythroid activity assessed immunohistochemically. Results Eight mutation-positive cases were identified, including one with a previously undescribed mutant JAK2 exon 12 allele and another with biallelic involvement. The hematologic features of mutation-positive and mutation-negative patients were similar, although Epo-hypersensitive erythroid progenitors occurred exclusively in patients with an exon 12 mutation (p=0.0002; n=15). Patients’ bone marrows were moderately hypercellular, as the result of erythroid hyperplasia, and several had mild megakaryocyte atypia. Interpretation and Conclusions JAK2 exon 12 mutations were detected in 27% of patients with low serum Epo levels, all of whom had Epo-independent erythroid progenitors. Consequently, IE patients presenting with either of these features should be tested for the presence of a JAK2 mutation.
A comparison between human-carnivore conflicts and local community attitudes toward carnivores in Westgate Community Conservancy, Samburu, Kenya

ABSTRACT Human-wildlife conflicts are increasing globally, especially involving livestock depredation by carnivores. To understand the relationship between predation frequency and attitudes toward predators, researchers quantified livestock losses for four carnivore species—African wild dog, spotted hyena, leopard, and lion—as well as attitudes toward these carnivores in Westgate Community Conservancy, Samburu, Kenya. Methods included a three-year data collection period of conflict incidents followed by structured interviews to assess community attitudes. Results demonstrated that livestock depredation mainly involved leopards and spotted hyenas, preying most often on sheep and goats. Attitudes toward lions and hyenas were generally proportionate to their predation involvement. However, the frequency of predation did not always elicit such an expected response, as community members held positive attitudes toward leopards despite their high involvement in conflict, but disliked African wild dogs regardless of their low involvement. The discrepancy in attitudes could be attributed to cultural values, economic losses, and perceived risk.
Do Forbearance Plans Help Mitigate Credit Card Losses?

In this paper, we examine how reinstated (i.e., re-aged) credit card accounts are likely to default again. Our sample data reveal that about 22% of the re-aged accounts default again, mostly in the first 24 months after reinstatement. We also find that a FICO score (public information) is a better predictor of a second default, while a payment behavioral score (private information) is a better predictor of a first default. Furthermore, the average FICO score of the 78% of the re-aged borrowers who did not default again rises about 20 points, an improvement in their relative risk profile overall. These findings suggest that the re-aging program provides a second chance for liquidity-constrained borrowers who would have otherwise defaulted on their debt.
Sleep Quality as a Mediator Between Technology-Related Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety

This study examines (a) relations among technology use during sleep time, sleep quality, and depression/anxiety and (b) time awake due to technology use. Two hundred thirty-six college students completed self-report questionnaires and week-long sleep diaries. Results revealed that 47 percent of students reported night-time waking to answer text messages and 40 percent to answer phone calls. Regression analyses indicated that higher levels of technology use after the onset of sleep predicted poorer sleep quality, and poorer sleep quality predicted symptoms of depression/anxiety. Finally, sleep quality is a mediator between technology use after the onset of sleep and depression/anxiety. College students who have difficulty setting boundaries around technology use may be at increased risk for psychological health concerns.
1200 years of warm-season temperature variability in central Scandinavia inferred from tree-ring density

Abstract. Despite the emergence of new high-resolution temperature reconstructions around the world, only a few cover the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Here we present C-Scan, a new Scots pine tree-ring density-based reconstruction of warm-season (April–September) temperatures for central Scandinavia back to 850 CE, extending the previous reconstruction by 250 years. C-Scan is based on samples collected in a confined mountain region, adjusted for their differences in altitude and local environment, and standardised using the new RSFi algorithm to preserve low-frequency signals. In C-Scan, the warm peak of MCA occurs ca. 1000–1100 CE, and the Little Ice Age (LIA) between 1550 and 1900 CE. Moreover, during the last millennium the coldest decades are found around 1600 CE, and the warmest 10 and 30 years occur in the most recent century. By comparing C-Scan with other millennium-long temperature reconstructions from Fennoscandia, regional differences in multi-decadal temperature variability, especially during the warm period of the last millennium are revealed. Although these differences could be due to methodological reasons, they may indicate asynchronous warming patterns across Fennoscandia. Further investigation of these regional differences and the reasons and mechanisms behind them are needed.
Assessing diet in savanna herbivores using stable carbon isotope ratios of faeces

In African savannas, browse-based resources (@3 plants) are isotopically distinct from grasses (@4 plants). The carbon isotopic composition of the basic plant diet is recorded in animal tissues. Mammal faeces are a readily accessible, non-invasive, sample material for temporally resolved dietary reconstructions. Faeces, however, include both undigested plant matter and waste, hence accuracy of dietary calculations could potentially be compromised by shifts in plant isotopic values related to seasonal or spatial differences, or by variability in the isotopic differences between faeces and diet. A controlled feeding study of four ungulate species showed a small, consistent difference between diet and faeces of-0.9 o, irrespective of whether the diet was @3 or C4-based. Results from faeces oftaxa known to be pure grazers, pure browsers, and mixed-feeders from the Kruger National Park were entirely consistent with their diets, but the accuracy of dietary reconstructions is enhanced with data from local plant communities.
A Semantics for ADL as Progression in the Situation Calculus

Lin and Reiter were the (cid:2)rst to propose a purely declarative semantics of STRIPS by relating the update of a STRIPS database to a form of progression in the situation calculus. In this paper we show that a corresponding result can be obtained also for ADL. We do so using a variant of the situation calculus recently proposed by Lakemeyer and Levesque. Compared to Lin and Reiter this leads to a simpler technical treatment, including a new notion of progression.
Early Education and Care Program Quality and Children's Well-being: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale

The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (-Revised) (ECERS/ECERS-R) is the most widely used assessment of global classroom quality in Early Childhood Education and Care programs. Despite prevalent use of the ECERS/ECERS-R in research and applied settings, its impact on child outcomes have not been systematically reviewed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the ECERS/ECERS-R and children’s well-being. Searches of Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, websites of large datasets and reference sections of all retrieved articles were conducted up to January 2013. Eligible studies provided a statistical link between the ECERS/ECERS-R and child outcomes. Sixty-three empirical studies met our inclusion criteria. All studies were included in the systematic review and 23 could be metaanalyzed. Associations between ECERS/ECERS-R total and factor scores and children’s cognitive, language, math, and social-emotional outcomes are evident but weak. Greater consistency in study methodology is critical in this area of research.
Cytogenetic evidence for a fifth species within the taxon Anopheles dirus in Thailand.

Crossbreeding and chromosomal evidence are presented for the existence of a fifth sibling species within the taxon of Anopheles dirus in Thailand. The new species is morphologically identifiable as Anopheles balabacensis "Fraser's Hill form. " Structural differences in mitotic chromosomes and extensive asynapsis in hybrid polytene chromosomes indicate that significant genetic divergence exists between this species and its closest relatives, An. dirus species A, B, C and D and An. balabacensis.
Money, glory and cheap talk: analyzing strategic behavior of contestants in simultaneous crowdsourcing contests on TopCoder.com

Crowdsourcing is a new Web phenomenon, in which a firm takes a function once performed in-house and outsources it to a crowd, usually in the form of an open contest. Designing efficient crowdsourcing mechanisms is not possible without deep understanding of incentives and strategic choices of all participants. This paper presents an empirical analysis of determinants of individual performance in multiple simultaneous crowdsourcing contests using a unique dataset for the world's largest competitive software development portal: TopCoder.com. Special attention is given to studying the effects of the reputation system currently used by TopCoder.com on behavior of contestants. We find that individual specific traits together with the project payment and the number of project requirements are significant predictors of the final project quality. Furthermore, we find significant evidence of strategic behavior of contestants. High rated contestants face tougher competition from their opponents in the competition phase of the contest. In order to soften the competition, they move first in the registration phase of the contest, signing up early for particular projects. Although registration in TopCoder contests is non-binding, it deters entry of opponents in the same contest; our lower bound estimate shows that this strategy generates significant surplus gain to high rated contestants. We conjecture that the reputation + cheap talk mechanism employed by TopCoder has a positive effect on allocative efficiency of simultaneous all-pay contests and should be considered for adoption in other crowdsourcing platforms.
Supplementation of Infant Formula With Probiotics and/or Prebiotics: A Systematic Review and Comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition

Infant formulae are increasingly supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy. The present article, developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, systematically reviews published evidence related to the safety and health effects of the administration of formulae supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics compared with unsupplemented formulae. Studies in which probiotics/prebiotics were not administered during the manufacturing process, but thereafter, for example in capsules, the contents of which were supplemented to infant formula or feeds, were excluded. On the basis of this review, available scientific data suggest that the administration of currently evaluated probiotic- and/or prebiotic-supplemented formula to healthy infants does not raise safety concerns with regard to growth and adverse effects. The safety and clinical effects of 1 product should not be extrapolated to other products. At present, there is insufficient data to recommend the routine use of probiotic- and/or prebiotic-supplemented formulae. The Committee considers that the supplementation of formula with probiotics and/or prebiotics is an important field of research. There is a need in this field for well-designed and carefully conducted randomised controlled trials, with relevant inclusion/exclusion criteria and adequate sample sizes. These studies should use validated clinical outcome measures to assess the effects of probiotic and/or prebiotic supplementation of formulae. Such trials should also define the optimal doses and intake durations, as well as provide more information about the long-term safety of probiotics and/or prebiotics. Because most of the trials were company funded, independent trials, preferentially financed jointly by national/governmental/European Union bodies and other international organisations, would be desirable.
Nek2 phosphorylates and stabilizes β-catenin at mitotic centrosomes downstream of Plk1

Plk1 regulates Nek2 activity in stabilizing β-catenin at mitotic centrosomes and in promoting centrosome separation. Nek2 phosphorylates the same regulatory sites (S33/S37/T41) as GSK3β in β-catenin, as well as additional sites, and inhibits binding of the E3 ligase β-TrCP to β-catenin, thereby preventing β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation.
A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding

This paper proposes a new model for extracting an interpretable sentence embedding by introducing self-attention. Instead of using a vector, we use a 2-D matrix to represent the embedding, with each row of the matrix attending on a different part of the sentence. We also propose a self-attention mechanism and a special regularization term for the model. As a side effect, the embedding comes with an easy way of visualizing what specific parts of the sentence are encoded into the embedding. We evaluate our model on 3 different tasks: author profiling, sentiment classification, and textual entailment. Results show that our model yields a significant performance gain compared to other sentence embedding methods in all of the 3 tasks.
Assessment of Student Leaders’ Skills Critical in Managing Student Affairs in Public Universities in Kenya

The need to prevent eruption of unrests among students in universities continues to exercise the minds of higher education managers and policy makers in the world. Innovative approaches in the management of higher education designed to preclude students’ riots continue to face immense challenges and ineffectiveness in universities in Kenya. One of the widely adopted approaches is that of involving democratically elected student leaders in the management of students’ affairs in universities in Kenya. Despite the involvement of student leaders in the management of students’ affairs in public universities, students’ protests and riots continue to characterize higher education in Kenya. Consequently, there is need to examine the leadership skills that student leaders are expected to possess in order to perform their functions effectively so as to avert upsurge of strikes. This study sought to assess the student leaders’ skills that are critical in managing student affairs in selected public universities in Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Stratified random sampling was used to select student leaders from four public universities. The sample comprised 19 members of student governing councils, 50 class representatives and 79 clubs and society leaders, making a total of 142 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that 66.3% of student leaders had leadership competence to organize welfare activities to address students’ concerns in their institutions while 33.7% lacked capability. Further, the study established that leadership skills significantly contributed to effective provision of student affairs services. It is concluded that institutions of higher learning have not fully empowered student leaders to effectively perform their leadership tasks. The study recommends that student leaders should be exposed to regular leadership trainings during their tenure designed to equip them with necessary leadership competencies which would promote their effectiveness in enhancing university stability, peace and mutually accepted governance.
Structured Feature Representation for Image Retrieval

An identical-image coding portion obtains a code for a currently processed block area of image information as a result of coding an index indicating an identical block area of image information, when a similar-image determining portion determines that a similar block area of image information is the identical block area of image information. A first predictive coding portion obtains a code for the currently processed block area of image information as a result of performing predictive coding of the currently processed block area of image information using a useful similar block area of image information, when the similar-image determining portion determines that the similar block area of image information is the useful similar block area of image information. A second predictive coding portion obtains a code for the currently processed block area of image information as a result of performing predictive coding of the currently processed block area of image information, when the similar-image determining portion determines that the similar block area of image information is a non-useful similar block area of image information.
Activation of Anterior Insula during Self-Reflection

Background Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested activation of midline frontoparietal brain regions to be at the core of self-related processes. However, although some studies reported involvement of the insula, little attention has been paid to this region as forming part of the “self”-network. Methodology/Principal Findings Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we aimed at replicating and extending previous studies by scanning subjects whilst reflecting upon their own personal qualities as compared to those of an acquaintance. A third condition with statements about general knowledge was used to control for attention, semantic processing and decision making processes. The results showed a significant effect of task in brain activity, consistent with previous findings, by which both person conditions recruited a common set of medial prefrontal and posterior regions, yet significant differences between self and other were found in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Notably, significant neural activation in the left anterior insula was observed as uniquely associated with self-reflection. Conclusions/Significance The results provide further evidence for the specific recruitment of anterior MPFC and ACC regions for self-related processing, and highlight a role for the insula in self-reflection. As the insula is closely connected with ascending internal body signals, this may indicate that the accumulation of changes in affective states that might be implied in self-processing may contribute to our sense of self.
The Case Against Specialized Graph Analytics Engines

Graph analytic processing has started to become a nearly ubiquitous component in the enterprise data analytics ecosystem. In response to this growing need, various specialized graph processing engines have been created in recent years. Sadly, the use of relational database management systems (RDBMSs) for graph processing is largely ignored in most enterprise settings. This oversight is surprising since in most enterprise settings, RDBMSs are already present and used for a variety of other analytic tasks. This situation then begs the question of whether the use of RDBMS for graph processing is fundamentally lacking in some respect compared to the specialized graph processing engines. In this paper, we aim to address this question both from the programmer productivity perspective and from the performance perspective. We present Grail { a syntactic layer for querying graph in a vertex-centric way in an RDBMS, which can be compiled to translate graph queries to SQL. In a single node setting, we also compare Grail to GraphLab and Giraph, and examine the performance implications of using Grail, showing that the RDBMS engine is competitive to these specialized engines. Given that RDBMSs are ubiquitous in enterprise settings, and have a robust and mature technology that has been hardened over decades, and are part of existing administrative methods in place, we argue that it is time to reconsider if specialized graph engines have a role to play in most enterprises.
PENGARUH TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) DAN ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH (EWOM) TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN (Survei Pada Pelanggan Go-Jek Di Kota Kediri)

Type of this research is used explanatory research. The sample in this research are 130 respondents who is a user of Gojek in Kediri. Technique sampling using purposive technique sampling. Methods of collection data by spreading questionnaires. Analysis data is analysis descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis. This results showed that: (1)Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (X 1 ) influencing positive and significant to Customer Satisfaction (Y) partially with coefficient regression (b) is 0.446 and t significance value is 0.000 α(0.05). (3)Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (X 1 ) and Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM)(X 2 ) influencing significant to Customer Satisfaction (Y) simultaneously, it is proved by F significance value is 0.000 α(0.05). (3)Secara simultan variabel Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)(X 1 ) dan Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM)(X 2 ) berpengaruh signifikan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan(Y) dengan nilai signifikansi F 0.000<(0.05) dan mempunyai kontribusi terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan(Y) sebesar 0,514 (51,4%) sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini. Untuk peneliti selanjutnya yang tertarik untuk meneliti fenomena terkait kepuasan pengguna khususnya pada sebuah aplikasi yang berbasis teknologi diharapkan dapat memperluas variabel yang diteliti guna mengetahui konsep Kepuasan Pelanggan pengguna Gojek Kаtа Kunci: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM), Kepuasan Pelanggan