Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and histological presentation of Helicobacter pylori and gluten related gastroenteropathy.

BACKGROUND Celiac disease has been reported to be associated with gastric abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in an Iranian population of 250 patients. METHODS Biopsies were taken from the gastric antrum and duodenum. Morphology and histology were evaluated using the updated Sydney system and modified Marsh criteria, respectively. To simplify the interpretation of gastric lesions we classified gastritis in macroscopic and microscopic stages. Serology for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody was performed to determine the presence of celiac disease. RESULTS Among 250 patients, 232 (93%) had histological evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Histological abnormalities (Marsh I to IIIc) were present in 24 (10%). Of 24 patients, 20 (83%) with histological abnormalities were infected with Helicobacter pylori. Of 250 patients, 25 (10%) had a positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody. Of 25 anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody positive patients, 9 (3.6%) had microscopic and macroscopic enteritis (Marsh I to IIIc). CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentation of celiac disease was not distinguishable from cases infected with Helicobacter pylori. Histology, even in patients with positive serology, was non-specific and unhelpful. We found a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis, but neither was associated with celiac disease, in agreement with studies in Western populations.
Collaborative product and process model: Multiple viewpoints approach

The design and development of complex products invariably involves many actors who have different points of view on the problem they are addressing, the product being developed, and the process by which it is being developed. The actors' viewpoints approach was designed to provide an organisational framework in which these different perspectives/points of views, and their relationships, could be explicitly gathered and formatted (by actor activity's focus). The approach acknowledges the inevitability of multiple interpretation of product information as different views, promotes gathering of actors' interests, and encourages retrieved adequate information while providing support for integration through PLM and/or SCM collaboration. In this paper, we present our multiple viewpoints approach, and we illustrate it by an industrial example on cyclone vessel product.
Sentiment analysis of text-to-speech input using latent affective mapping

To impart a congruent emotional quality to synthetic speech, it is expedient to leverage the overall polarity of the input text. This is feasible inasmuch as speech generation complies with the outcome of sentiment analysis. We have recently introduced latent affective mapping [1]–[3], a new approach to emotion detection which exploits two separate levels of semantic information: one that encapsulates the foundations of the domain considered, and one that specifically accounts for the overall affective fabric of the language. The ensuing framework exposes the emergent relationship between these two levels in order to advantageously inform affective evaluation. This paper applies latent affective mapping to the narrower problem of sentiment analysis, in order to achieve a more robust identification of the polarity of textual data. Empirical evidence gathered on the “Affective Text” portion of the SemEval-2007 corpus [4] shows that this approach is promising for automatic sentiment prediction in text. This bodes well as a first step in ensuring emotional congruence in text-to-speech synthesis.
PERSPECTIVES OF UTILIZATION OF NANODISPERSIVE MATERIALS BASED ON SIO2, TIO2 AND SIO2–TIO2 FOR WINE FINING

The present paper analyzes the efficiency of various mineral fining agents (nano dispersion composites SiO 2 , TiO 2 , TiO 2 -SiO 2 , bentonite and saponite) in the process of white and red wines fining. The influence of both the mass of the adsorbent and the time of the storage in wine on the optical density of wine was investigated.The best results were obtained with TiO 2 , AMD-2 and SiO 2 for white wines, and bentonite and AMD-2 – for red ones. It was shown that the optimal time of contact for wine with the fining agent is: four days - for white wines and two days for red ones.
Overweight and obesity among children at risk of intellectual disability in 20 low and middle income countries.

BACKGROUND Children with intellectual disability (ID) in high income countries are at significantly greater risk of obesity than their non-disabled peers. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3 to 4-year-old children who are/are not at risk of ID in low and middle income countries. METHOD Secondary analysis of Round 4 and 5 UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) from 20 low and middle income countries that included a total of 83 597 3 to 4-year-old children. RESULTS Few differences in risk of overweight or obesity were apparent between 3 and 4-year-old children identified as being at risk/not at risk of ID in 20 low and middle income countries. In the two countries where statistically significant differences were observed, prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower among children at risk of ID. CONCLUSIONS These results stand in stark contrast to evidence from high income countries which suggest that children with ID are at significantly increased risk of obesity when compared to their non-intellectually disabled peers.
Nesting phenology and clutch characteristics of captive Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Cambodia.

The Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is considered one of the least studied and most critically endangered crocodilians in the world. Although few wild populations remain, more than 700,000 C. siamensis are held on commercial crocodile farms in Southeast Asia. Despite conservation concerns, many aspects of C. siamensis life history remain poorly known, particularly with regards to its reproductive biology. We studied nesting phenology, clutch characteristics, and other aspects of C. siamensis reproductive biology on crocodile farms in Cambodia during 2000 and 2001. Oviposition among captive crocodiles began in February and continued into early June. The mean (±1 SD) oviposition date based on pooled data from 2000 and 2001 was 5 April ± 24 days. Mean oviposition date differed significantly between 2000 and 2001, possibly as a result of annual variability among nesting cues. The mean incubation period was 72 ± 3 days and eggs hatched from 5 May to 18 August. Mean clutch size (25.0 ± 8.8 eggs; n = 183) differed significantly between years, possibly resulting from the >2.5-fold increase in sample size during 2001. There was no correlation between clutch size and oviposition date during either 2000 or 2001. A single female produced two clutches during 2001, complimenting previous reports of double-clutching among C. siamensis. The mean length and width of 515 eggs were 78.2 ± 4.9 and 48.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; mean egg mass was 90.8 ± 16.5 g (n = 471). One unpipped egg contained a set of twins.
Equivalence of Hough curve detection to template matching

References 1. Randell, B. A note on storage fragmentation and program segmentation. Comm. A C M 12, 7 (July 1969), 365-372. 2. Collins, G.O. Experience in automatic storage allocation. Comm. A C M 4, 10 (Oct. 1961), 436-440. 3. Knuth, D.E. The Art o f Computer Programming, Vol. I: Fundamental Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. , 1968, Sect. 2.5. 4. Margolin, B.H. , Parmalee, R.P., and Schatzoff, M. Analysis of free-storage algorithms. IBM S Y S T J . 4, (1971), 283-304. 5. Hirschberg, D.S. A class of dynamic memory allocation algorithms. Comm. A C M 16, 10 (Oct. 1973), 615-618. 6. Shen, K.K. , and Peterson, J.L. A weighted buddy method for dynamic storage allocation. Comm. A C M 17, 10 (Oct. 1974), 558562; corrigendum Comm. A C M 18, 4 (April 1975), 202. 7. Shore, J.E. On the external storage fragmentation produced by first-fit and best-fit allocation strategies. Comm. A C M 18, 8 (Aug. 1975), 433-440. 8. Fenton, J.S. , and Payne, D.W. Dynamic storage allocation of arbitrary sized segments. Information Processing 74, North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 1974, pp. 344-348. 9. Weinstock, C.B. Dynamic storage allocation techniques. Ph.D. Th. , Carnegie Mellon U. , Pittsburgh, Pa. , April 1976. 10. Bays, C. A comparison of next-fit, first-fit, and best-fit. Comm. A C M 20, 3 (March 1977), 191-192. 11. Wolman, E. A fixed optimum cell-size for records of varying lengths. J. A C M 12, 1 (Jan. 1965), 53-70. 12. Gelenbe, E. , Boekhorst, J.C. A. , and Kessels, J.L. W. Minimizing wasted space in partitioned segmentation. Comm. A C M 16, 6 (June 1973), 343-349. 13. Purdom, P.W. , and Stigler, S.M. Statistical properties of the buddy system. J. A C M 17, 4 (Oct. 1970), 683-697. 14. Betteridge, T. An analytic storage allocation model. Acta Informatica 4 (1974), 101-122. 15. Denning, P.J. Virtual memory. Computing Surveys 2, 3 (Sept. 1970), 153-189. 16. Platt, J.R. Strong inference. Science 146 (1964), 347-353.
Vocal Accuracy and Neural Plasticity Following Micromelody-Discrimination Training

Background Recent behavioral studies report correlational evidence to suggest that non-musicians with good pitch discrimination sing more accurately than those with poorer auditory skills. However, other studies have reported a dissociation between perceptual and vocal production skills. In order to elucidate the relationship between auditory discrimination skills and vocal accuracy, we administered an auditory-discrimination training paradigm to a group of non-musicians to determine whether training-enhanced auditory discrimination would specifically result in improved vocal accuracy. Methodology/Principal Findings We utilized micromelodies (i.e., melodies with seven different interval scales, each smaller than a semitone) as the main stimuli for auditory discrimination training and testing, and we used single-note and melodic singing tasks to assess vocal accuracy in two groups of non-musicians (experimental and control). To determine if any training-induced improvements in vocal accuracy would be accompanied by related modulations in cortical activity during singing, the experimental group of non-musicians also performed the singing tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following training, the experimental group exhibited significant enhancements in micromelody discrimination compared to controls. However, we did not observe a correlated improvement in vocal accuracy during single-note or melodic singing, nor did we detect any training-induced changes in activity within brain regions associated with singing. Conclusions/Significance Given the observations from our auditory training regimen, we therefore conclude that perceptual discrimination training alone is not sufficient to improve vocal accuracy in non-musicians, supporting the suggested dissociation between auditory perception and vocal production.
Orangutan behavior in Kutai National Park after drought and fire damage: Adjustments to short‐ and long‐term natural forest regeneration

This study aimed to develop a long‐term picture of orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) behavioral adjustments to damaged masting forest around Mentoko, Kutai National Park, Indonesia. Mentoko is regenerating from two severe burnings and is one of few areas where orangutans were well‐studied before and early after damage. We studied orangutans’ feeding ecology, diet, and activity budgets 12–15 years after the second burning then compared our findings with earlier pre‐ and post‐damage ones to assess the changes and factors involved. By our study, we predicted (1) improved feeding ecology compared to early in regeneration, (2) behavior diverging from the normal foraging strategy and (3) behavior shifting toward pre‐damage patterns with improving feeding ecology. Data were behavioral observations on 42 orangutans (422 full day follows, 3,522 hr) and tree plot measures of feeding ecology. Findings were consistent with the first and third predictions but not the second: (1) feeding ecology had improved (plant food abundance was near per‐damage levels, but species composition had changed); (2) foraging strategies showed no divergence from normal (fallback‐preferred food switches in diet and activity budget adjustments were both normal, notably travel did not reduce), (3) diet and activity budgets had reverted to near pre‐damage values by our study. Differently than post‐damage studies on other orangutans but consistent with those on other primates, our comparisons showed behavioral adjustments were flexible, multiple vs. single, and influenced by multiple factors. Factors likely involved at Mentoko include type and spatial configuration of damage, duration of regeneration, and P. p. morio's recognized resilience. Findings have value for orangutan and nature conservation in showing that recovery to near‐normal levels from severe habitat damage is possible within ca 15 years and in adding to understanding of the factors and processes that contribute to recovery. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1276–1289, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strengthening of laterality of verbal and visuospatial functions during childhood and adolescence

Cognitive functions in the child's brain develop in the context of complex adaptive processes, determined by genetic and environmental factors. Little is known about the cerebral representation of cognitive functions during development. In particular, knowledge about the development of right hemispheric (RH) functions is scarce. Considering the dynamics of brain development, localization and lateralization of cognitive functions must be expected to change with age. Twenty healthy subjects (8.6–20.5 years) were examined with fMRI and neuropsychological tests. All participants completed two fMRI tasks known to activate left hemispheric (LH) regions (language tasks) and two tasks known to involve predominantly RH areas (visual search tasks). A laterality index (LI) was computed to determine the asymmetry of activation. Group analysis revealed unilateral activation of the LH language circuitry during language tasks while visual search tasks induced a more widespread RH activation pattern in frontal, superior temporal, and occipital areas. Laterality of language increased between the ages of 8–20 in frontal (r = 0.392, P = 0.049) and temporal (r = 0.387, P = 0.051) areas. The asymmetry of visual search functions increased in frontal (r = −0.525, P = 0.009) and parietal (r = −0.439, P = 0.027) regions. A positive correlation was found between Verbal‐IQ and the LI during a language task (r = 0.585, P = 0.028), while visuospatial skills correlated with LIs of visual search (r = −0.621, P = 0.018). To summarize, cognitive development is accompanied by changes in the functional representation of neuronal circuitries, with a strengthening of lateralization not only for LH but also for RH functions. Our data show that age and performance, independently, account for the increases of laterality with age. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor as a novel prognostic marker and its implication as a cotarget in the treatment of human adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2) receptor expression has been found to be a key regulator of tumorigenesis. The purpose of our study was to establish the prognostic significance of IGF‐1R in esophageal cancer and to determine the effect of IGF‐1R and HER2 targeting with α‐IR3 and Herceptin™ antibodies on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. IGF‐1R expression and clinicopathological correlations were analyzed with a tissue microarray containing 234 esophageal cancer specimens (133 adenocarcinomas and 101 squamous cell carcinomas). Proliferation changes associated with Herceptin™ and α‐IR3 blockage were evaluated with the unique human esophageal cancer cell lines Pt1590 and LN1590. IGF‐1R and HER2 expression levels, activation and phosphorylation status of downstream signaling proteins involved in the activation pathways were analyzed by Western blotting. IGF‐1R overexpression was detected in 121 (52%) of the 234 esophageal tumors examined. In the subgroup of 87 HER2‐positive tumors, 93.1% showed concordant overexpression for IGF‐1R. IGF‐1R was identified as a variable associated with reduced overall survival for adenocarcinoma (p = 0.05), but not for squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of Herceptin™ and α‐IR3 was more effective in inhibiting in vitro proliferation than treatment with either agent alone (p < 0.01). This was associated with a decrease in HER2 and IGF‐1R protein levels and suppression of Akt‐ and MAP kinase phosphorylation. IGF‐1R expression can be used as a novel prognostic marker for adenocarcinomas of the esophagus. Cotreatment with IGF‐1R and HER2 antibodies might become a valuable and effective treatment option in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Interventions to promote cycling: systematic review

Objectives To determine what interventions are effective in promoting cycling, the size of the effects of interventions, and evidence of any associated benefits on overall physical activity or anthropometric measures. Design Systematic review. Data sources Published and unpublished reports in any language identified by searching 13 electronic databases, websites, reference lists, and existing systematic reviews, and papers identified by experts in the field. Review methods Controlled “before and after” experimental or observational studies of the effect of any type of intervention on cycling behaviour measured at either individual or population level. Results Twenty five studies (of which two were randomised controlled trials) from seven countries were included. Six studies examined interventions aimed specifically at promoting cycling, of which four (an intensive individual intervention in obese women, high quality improvements to a cycle route network, and two multifaceted cycle promotion initiatives at town or city level) were found to be associated with increases in cycling. Those studies that evaluated interventions at population level reported net increases of up to 3.4 percentage points in the population prevalence of cycling or the proportion of trips made by bicycle. Sixteen studies assessing individualised marketing of “environmentally friendly” modes of transport to interested households reported modest but consistent net effects equating to an average of eight additional cycling trips per person per year in the local population. Other interventions that targeted travel behaviour in general were not associated with a clear increase in cycling. Only two studies assessed effects of interventions on physical activity; one reported a positive shift in the population distribution of overall physical activity during the intervention. Conclusions Community-wide promotional activities and improving infrastructure for cycling have the potential to increase cycling by modest amounts, but further controlled evaluative studies incorporating more precise measures are required, particularly in areas without an established cycling culture. Studies of individualised marketing report consistent positive effects of interventions on cycling behaviour, but these findings should be confirmed using more robust study designs. Future research should also examine how best to promote cycling in children and adolescents and through workplaces. Whether interventions to promote cycling result in an increase in overall physical activity or changes in anthropometric measures is unclear.
Understanding health care as a complex system: the foundation for unintended consequences.

As the United States Embarks on health care reform, policy makers speak of using a variety of levers to control the health care system and its accelerating costs. These levers include a variety of regulations that are enforced through surveys, certifications, payments, and penalties. However, these mechanical approaches often lead to unintended consequences. This is due to the enormous complexity of the health care system—both in lay terms by its complicated design and in scientific terms by its nonlinear, dynamic, and unpredictable nature. To help guide future policies and avoid the unanticipated consequences of regulation, policy makers and physicians need to understand health care as a complex system and apply the principles of complexity science to achieve its goals. In contrast to mechanical systems in which component parts interact linearly to produce a predictable output, the components of complex systems interact nonlinearly over multiple scales and produce unexpected results. The output of a mechanical system can be controlled by manipulating each of its parts, while the output of a complex system is dynamic, behaving differently according to its initial conditions and feedback. For example, the health care system comprises networks of components (hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, rehabilitation units, patient homes, families, and patients) that interact nonlinearly on different scales (the patient, family, medical center, and government), and often produce unintended consequences (adverse drug reactions, nosocomial infections, rehospitalizations, and functional decline). As more regulations are created to control the behavior of a complex system, the more the system may deviate from a desired outcome.1 Commenting on the complexity of the Australian health care system, Sturmberg et al2 wrote that the prevailing trends to use disease protocols, financial levers, and siloed programs to manage the health care system are fatally flawed and will lead to unintended consequences. For example, pay-for-performance and value-based payment models that aim to improve hospital care at lower cost may encourage overly aggressive treatment without concern for life expectancy or adverse effects. Contrary to expectation, these models have had no effect on mortality3 or Medicare spending.4 Similarly, clinical practice guidelines intended to improve quality of care and reduce health care variations have not reduced socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of diabetes5 and could increase the medication costs of patients with multiple chronic conditions.6 If health care is viewed as a complex rather than a mechanical system, several of its intrinsic properties can be exploited to influence its dynamic behavior and guide it in a more favorable direction. These properties include nonlinear interactions of component parts, emergent, self-organized behavior, and the dependence on simple rules.