Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The association between deployment-related posttraumatic growth among U.S. Army soldiers and negative behavioral health conditions.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of U.S. Army Soldiers using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and the relationship between PTG and negative behavioral health (BH) conditions. DESIGN A sample of Soldiers with prior combat deployment experience (n = 1,834) completed an anonymous survey including demographics, the PTGI, and negative BH conditions. RESULTS Among previously deployed Soldiers, those reporting the highest number of combat experiences also reported significantly higher overall PTG. A significant inverse relationship was observed between PTG and recent suicidal ideation, whereby Soldiers reporting recent suicidal ideation reported significantly lower overall PTG. CONCLUSIONS This study quantified PTG resulting from deployment and demonstrated the degree to which combat experiences might result in PTG.
T Cell-Mediated Delay of Spontaneous Mammary Tumor Onset: Increased Efficacy with In Vivo versus In Vitro Activation1

Peripheral tolerance to shared Ags expressed on both tumors and normal self-tissues presents a major barrier to T cell-based immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer. To assess the activity of tumor-specific T cells against spontaneously arising carcinomas in the context of shared Ag expression, we developed a model system whereby an identified tumor Ag, tumor ERK (tERK), is expressed transgenically on both normal mammary tissue and spontaneous mammary carcinomas. Transfer of in vitro-activated, tERK-specific DUC18 T cells delayed spontaneous tumor development in tERK-expressing mice when T cells were given before the development of palpable carcinomas. However, antitumor activity mediated by in vitro-activated DUC18 T cells, as measured by responsiveness against a transplanted tERK-expressing fibrosarcoma challenge, was lost within days of transfer. This loss was due to expression of tERK as a self-Ag on normal tissues and was independent of the presence of mammary tumors. In contrast, transferred naive DUC18 T cells maintained a long-term protective function in tERK-expressing mice. Ten-fold fewer naive T cells activated in vivo were able to replicate the delay in spontaneous tumor development achieved by in vitro-activated T cells. These results are in contrast to our earlier studies using transplanted tumors alone, in which in vitro-activated DUC18 T cells were more efficacious than naive DUC18 T cells and highlight the need to perform tumor studies in the presence of tumor Ag expression on normal self-tissue.
Bond Ratings, Bond Yields and Financial Regulation: Some Findings

BOND quality ratings, that is, the ratings assigned to bond issues by organizations such as Moody's Investors Service, have constituted a source of general interest to economists and practical men of affairs for some time. Of particular importance, however, have been the following three questions: (1) how are ratings determined? (2) do ratings accurately discriminate among issues on the basis of default risk; for example, do default rates vary inversely with quality ratings? (3) to what extent, if any, do ratings have an independent influence on bond yields; that is, do ratings-as opposed to the underlying economic factors that influence ratings-have an impact on the market prices of bonds? Over the past two decades, the first two questions have received considerable attention, with the result that we now know a good deal about the determinants of ratings and the relationship between ratings and bond default experience. ' In contrast to the progress that has been made in these areas, however, virtually no systematic empirical evidence has been assembled concerning the impact that ratings may have on yields. No doubt this void primarily reflects an inherent difficulty in devising "meaningful" tests of the relationship between ratings and yields.2 There is, after all, a high degree of correla-
HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer With Nonamplified HER2 and Gains of Chromosome 17 Centromere

Gains of chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) may be accompanied by gains of chromosome 17q. To evaluate the effect of CEP17 gains (CEP17>3 copies per tumor nucleus) on the expression of the HER2 gene, which is located on chromosome 17q12-21.32, we analyzed HER2 amplification and expression in breast carcinomas with and without CEP17 gains. We isolated tumor nuclei from frozen tissues of 37 breast carcinomas for analysis of the HER2 gene and CEP17 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. HER2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the corresponding tumors. Tumors with amplified HER2 as determined by both HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio were detected in 29.7% (11/37). CEP17 gains were significantly associated with HER2 amplification (P=0.005) but not associated with estrogen receptor status, tumor grade, and lymph node status (P>0.05). In contrast, HER2 amplification was significantly associated with estrogen receptor negativity (P=0.020) but not with tumor grade and lymph node status (P>0.05). IHC analysis was performed in 7 HER2-amplified tumors and all of these were IHC 3+, which were used as positive controls. Among HER2–non-amplified tumors with CEP17 gains, only 1 tumor (1/8, 12.5%) was IHC 3+. However, none of the HER2–non-amplified tumors without CEP17 gains was IHC 3+. In HER2–non-amplified tumors, there was no significant association between HER2 protein expression as detected by IHC and CEP17 or HER2 copy number (P=0.999, P=0.785, respectively). These findings indicate that in the absence of HER2 amplification, CEP17 gains do not have a significant effect on HER2 protein expression.
Is There an East-West Structure in the Location of FDI in Europe? The Role of Institutions and Political Risk

The accession of new countries from Eastern Europe to the European Union represents one of the most significant challenges currently facing this political institution. With respect to foreign direct investment (FDI), this enlargement should promote and attract investment and lead to greater uniformity in the factors that motivate it. However, when decisions are taken over FDI location, it cannot be affirmed yet that no differences exist in relation to the region to which the country belongs. This paper, by using a Nested Logit Model and a Conditional Logit Model, studies the existence of an East-West structure in the location of FDI, perceived by multinational enterprises (MNEs) from a late investor country in Europe. The results confirm the existence of such a regional distinction and also the role of political risk, the quality of institutions and host country macroeconomic variables; such as GDP growth, unemployment and population.
Estimates of Human Capital in Canada: The Lifetime Income Approach

This paper produces an estimate of market-based human capital investment and stock for Canada over the period from 1970 to 2007 based on the lifetime income approach and compares it with that of physical and natural capital investment and stock. It adopts the methodology developed by Jorgenson and Fraumeni, and estimates human capital stock as the expected future lifetime income of all individuals. Human capital investment is estimated as changes in human capital stock due to the addition of new members of the working age population arising from the rearing and education of children and the effect of immigration on human capital.The main findings are as follows: 1. The volume of aggregate human capital rose at an annual rate of 1.7% in Canada for the period 1970 to 2007, and most of the growth is due to the increase in the number of individuals in the working-age population. The rising education level of the Canadian population is also a significant contributing factor to the growth in human capital. 2. The compositional effects of aging of the Canadian population (a movement to a population that is older on average) reduced human capital growth by 0.6% per year over the period 1980 to 2007, while the rising education level increased human capital growth by 0.7% per year over the period. 3. Human capital stock on a per capita basis increased at 0.9% per year for the period 1970 to 1980, due to the rising education attainment during the period. After 1980, human capital stock per capita was virtually unchanged due to two offsetting factors: rising education level which increased human capital stock and the compositional effects of population aging, which reduced human capital stock. 4. The value of human capital investment and stock exceeds the value of physical capital investment and stock, and the ratio of human capital investment and stock to physical capital investment and stock declined over time. In 2007, human capital stock is about four times as large as physical capital stock while investment in human capital is about two times the magnitude of investment in physical capital. 5. The levels of human capital investment and stock estimates are sensitive to the assumptions made about expected future income growth and the rate used to discount the future income when calculating human capital, but the growth of the quantity and price of human capital investment and stock is not sensitive to the assumptions in these areas
THE FORMATION OF JAPANESE AND U.S. EQUITY JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA

This study examines the characteristics of Japanese and U.S. equity joint ventures (EJVs) in China over a 15‐year period. These EJVs were announced between 1979 and the end of 1993. Substantial differences are found with respect to six key characteristics. They are: selection of the Chinese partner, selection of the second foreign partner (when more than one foreign partner is involved), foreign equity ownership, foreign capital contribution, EJV business scope, and the EJV location. Tentative explanations for these differences are offered from the perspectives of risk orientation, cultural similarities, and the impact of political events in China. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy by long-term treatment with SMS 201-995.

Growth hormone and growth factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Hypophysectomy has been proposed as a treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy unresolved by panretinal photocoagulation (PPC). SMS 201-995, a long acting somatostatin analogue which slows down growth hormone secretion, may provide a non-invasive therapy for these rare cases. To assess this possibility, we studied the feasibility and efficiency of long-term SMS 201-995 treatment in diabetics. SMS 201-995 was injected subcutaneously with a continuous pump system at a dose of 400 micrograms/d into 4 insulin dependent diabetic patients suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy progressing despite a pan-photocoagulation. The mean age of these patients was 29 +/- 3 years and mean disease duration 18 +/- 3 years. Treatment periods lasted from 6 to 20 months (mean 15 months). Mean 24-hour growth hormone levels decreased by 57% after only one month of treatment (7.4 +/- 1.9 mU/l to 3.2 +/- 0.9 mU/l). The decline continued up to the third month. After the sixth month, signs of resistance to the drug were noted. The frequency of 24-hour GH peaks over 10 mU/l followed a parallel pattern. No rebound was observed when the treatment was progressively discontinued. In 2 patients neovascularization stopped. In the other 2 the process regressed. In all treatment had beneficial effects on the retina. Overall visual acuity improved (7.8 +/- 0.8/10e vs 5.5 +/- 0.8/10e). These effects were obtained within 3 to 6 months. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels did not change (8.8 +/- 1.3% to 9.0 +/- 0.8%). Insulin doses decreased 41% (46.5 +/- 1.7 U/d to 27.3 +/- 3.0 U/d). No severe hypoglycaemia occurred. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduction of the disulfide bond of chromogranin B (secretogranin I) in the trans‐Golgi network causes its missorting to the constitutive secretory pathways.

The role of the single, highly conserved disulfide bond in chromogranin B (secretogranin I) on the sorting of this regulated secretory protein to secretory granules was investigated in the neuroendocrine cell line PC12. Treatment of PC12 cells with dithiothreitol (DTT), a membrane permeable thiol reducing agent known to prevent disulfide bond formation in intact cells, resulted in the secretion of newly synthesized chromogranin B, but only slightly decreased the intracellular storage of newly synthesized secretogranin II, a regulated secretory protein devoid of cysteines. The secretion of newly synthesized chromogranin B in the presence of DTT occurred with similar kinetics to those of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a known marker of the constitutive secretory pathway in PC12 cells. Analysis of the various secretory vesicles derived from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) indicated that DTT treatment diverted newly synthesized chromogranin B to constitutive secretory vesicles, whereas the packaging of secretogranin II into immature secretory granules was unaffected by the reducing agent. The chromogranin B molecules diverted to constitutive secretory vesicles, in contrast to those stored in secretory granules, were found to contain free sulfhydryl residues. The effect of DTT on chromogranin B occurred in the TGN rather than in the endoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that the sorting of CgB in the TGN to secretory granules is dependent upon the integrity of its single disulfide bond.
The B29 and mb‐1 polypeptides are differentially expressed during human B cell differentiation

Surface immunoglobulin on mouse B cells is associated with a heterodimer comprising the products of the mb‐1 and B29 genes. Here we report that antibodies raised against a peptide sequence from the intracytoplasmic C terminus of the B29 murine gene product detect the 37‐kDa component of the human heterodimer, indicating that this component in man is also encoded by the B29 gene. The immunocytochemical reactivity of these anti‐B29 antibodies was compared with those of antibodies to the mb‐1 protein. Of 25 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 24 were positive for mb‐1 whereas B29 was expressed in only 13 cases. Most of these B29‐positive ALL expressed immunoglobulin μ heavy chain in their cytoplasm (pre‐B ALL). In lymphoid tissue sections, anti‐B29‐labeled B cell follicles in a similar fashion to anti‐mb‐1, with the striking exception that plasma cells were unreactive for B29, but positive for mb‐1. These results suggest that the synthesis of B29 begins later in precursor B cells than that of mb‐1, and ceases before the terminal plasmacyte phase.
Publishing patterns of accounting history research in generalist journals: Lessons from the past

The success of accounting history research has been evident through its recognition in the broader accounting literature in the 1990s. On this basis, we would expect that research in accounting history should display patterns of publication in generalist journals that are similar to those for other accounting research. However, we do not find such a similarity. First, accounting history has a relatively limited presence in generalist journals. Second, in the UK an elite group apparently controls accounting history research. Finally, there is cause to question the supposedly “local” nature of premier accounting journals in the US and the “international” nature of such journals in the UK.
White Matter Integrity Disruptions Associated With Cognitive Impairments in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a twofold increased risk of dementia and can affect many cognitive abilities, but its underlying cause is still unclear. In this study, we used a combination of a battery of neuropsychological tests and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore how T2DM affects white matter (WM) integrity and cognition in 38 T2DM patients and 34 age-, sex-, and education-matched normal control subjects. A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess a wide range of cognitive functions. Tract-based spatial statistics combined with region of interest–wise (ROI-wise) analysis of mean values of DTI metrics in ROIs was used to compare group differences of DTI metrics on WM skeletons to identify severely disrupted WM tracts in T2DM. We found that T2DM patients showed 1) various cognitive impairments, including executive function, spatial processing, attention, and working memory deficits; 2) widespread WM disruptions, especially in the whole corpus callosum, the left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC.L), and external capsule (EC); and 3) a positive correlation between executive function and WM integrity in the ALIC.L and the left EC. In conclusion, T2DM patients show various cognitive impairments and widespread WM integrity disruptions, which we attribute to demyelination. Moreover, executive dysfunction closely correlates with WM abnormalities.
Clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of patients with polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)

A number of common disorders of the peripheral nervous system are closely linked to a monoclonal gammopathy. In a minority of patients, the neuropathy represents the sentinel feature of a malignant plasma cell dyscrasia, such as multiple myeloma or its osteosclerotic variant, Waldenstrom's disease, amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia or lymphoma; the vast majority have so‐called “monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance” (MGUS). Sensory symptoms predominate with paresthesias, numbness, imbalance, and gait ataxia. Electrodiagnostic studies show mixed demyelinating and axonal features and often may be indistinguishable from findings in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Some have a pure axonal polyneuropathy, and in these patients the relationship to the paraprotein is less certain. With limited success, correlations have been made between the immunoglobulin type (IgM, IgG, or IgA) and the clinical and electromyographic characteristics of the neuropathy. The treatment of MGUS neuropathies poses a considerable challenge. Patients with IgG/IgA‐MGUS have improved with corticosteroids or intravenous immune globulin. Only the benefit of plasma exchange has been substantiated in a controlled trial. The IgM neuropathies tend to be more refractory but often improve with similar regimens, particularly if cytotoxic agents are added in doses sufficient to reduce the amount of the M‐protein. In addition to plasma exchange, chlorambucil, and cyclophosphamide, interferon‐alpha is a novel therapy that holds promise for patients with IgM neuropathies associated with anti‐myelin associated antibodies. J. Clin. Apheresis 14:149–153, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Audit committees: voluntary formation by ASX non-top 500

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the relationship between firm characteristics and incentives for the voluntary formation of audit committees by non-top 500 firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). Design/methodology/approach - Data are obtained from a random sample of 224 non-top 500 firms listed on the ASX for the year 2005. Logistic regression analysis is used to examine the characteristics of non-top 500 firms who have voluntarily established audit committees. Findings - The results are consistent with the hypothesis that incentives to voluntarily form audit committees increase with agency costs of debt. The results show a significant and positive association between cost of debt, firm size, number of directors on the board, the proportion of independent directors, independent board chair and the voluntary formation of audit committees. Research limitations/implications - Results indicate that firm size is not necessarily the primary influence in voluntary formation of audit committees. Board size and the proportion of independent directors and having an independent board chair also have a significant influence on the decision. These results suggest that audit committees will be established in high agency cost of debt situations, where there are economies of scale and are reflective of a desire to reduce information asymmetries and the liability exposure of outside directors. Originality/value - This study provides useful insights and direction in examining voluntary formation in an Australian context using non-top 500 firms. The results have implications for regulators in considering making audit committees mandatory for all listed companies.
Tensions and Variations in Call Centre Management Strategies

Call centres have become part of everyday experience and hold a grip on public imagination. Predominantly, the call centre reflects a ‘mass production approach to customer service’ (Batt, 1999; Cameron, 2000). Volume is managed through task routinization, scripting, and a sophisticated information and communication technology (ICT) architecture configured to distribute, manage and monitor calls. Service quality is managed through a mixture of behavioural management and HR strategies. By these means, call centres seek to balance the logics of efficiency and the customer. The tension between these goals is keenly felt due to heightened visibility of cost trade-offs (Korczynski, 2001, p. 83; Sturdy, 2001, p. 7; Wallace, Eagleson and Waldersee, 2000, p. 174). This tension unmasks a series of conflicts: between costs and quality; between flexibility and standardization; and between constraining and enabling job design.
Training, Wage Growth, and Job Performance: Evidence from a Company Database

A unique dataset collected from the personnel records of a large company is used to study the relationship between on-the-job training and worker productivity. The analysis shows how information contained in a company database is useful for eliminating heterogeneity bias in the estimation of training's impact on wages and job performance. Even when selection bias in assignment to training programs is eliminated, training is found to have a positive and significant effect on both wage growth and the change in job performance scores, thereby confirming the robustness of the relationship between training and productivity.