Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TOWARD A SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY OF MOTIVATION

Bringing motivational dynamics back into the mainstream of sociological theory and research requires an examination of how the early theoretical legacy was incorporated in five of the most eclectic approaches in contemporary theorizing on social interaction. The paper analyzes (1) the incorporation of utilitarian and behaviorist theories into exchange theory, (2) the transformation of Mead's social behaviorism into interactionist theory, (3) the evolution of Schutz's phenomenology into ethnomethodological theory, (4) the blending of Freud's psychoanalytic approach with elements of interactionist and phenomenological theory in structuration theory, and (5) the combining of Durkheim's structuralism with ethnomethodology and interactionism in interaction-ritual theory. For each of these five theories, the underlying and largely implicit theory of motivation is schematically modeled. Then, a composite of all the models is constructed in an effort to present a provisional theory of interpersonal motivation.
Parenteral clindamycin therapy for severe anaerobic infections.

Intravenous clindamycin phosphate therapy for severe anaerobic infections at doses of 300 to 450 mg every six to eight hours was evaluated in 42 patients, including 19 with bacteremia. Mean serum levels of clindamycin at peak and valley concentrations (15.2μg and 4.6μg/ml, respectively) well exceeded the median minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clindamycin for all isolates tested (0.17μg/ml). Mortality in bacteremic patients treated with clindamycin was 21% and compared favorably with that of 27% in 48 patients with Bacteroidaceae bacteremia treated with chloramphenicol. Healing of infected sites in nonbacteremic patients occurred in 91% (21 of 23) and bacteriological cure was achieved in 97% (31 of 32) of all cases with follow-up cultures. Therapy was well tolerated without serious toxic reaction. These results indicate that parenterally administered clindamycin may replace chloramphenicol as the drug of choice for initial antimicrobial therapy of suspected anaerobic sepsis.
Rearing Children for Educational Achievement in Fatherless Families

Married and husbandless mothers are compared to assess how certain concomitants of fatherless families may be related to attitudes and behaviors relevant for their children's educational achievement. The findings indicate that husbandless mothers are generally more, rather than less, concerned about the educational achievement of their children, compared to married mothers. Frequently lacking supportive environments, however, the conduct of husbandless mothers is often, inappropriate and their aspirations for their children depressed. The analysis focuses particularly upon neighborhood characteristics and also income and employment of the husbandless mothers and their children.
The use of intravenous ACTH: a study in quantitative adrenocortical stimulation.

IN THE widely used method of Sayers et at. (1) for the assay of ACTH in rats, using the adrenal depletion of ascorbic acid as an index of adrenal cortical activation, the material is given intravenously. More reliable results are obtained by that route of administration than by intramuscular injection. Ingle (2) was the first to demonstrate the value of continuous subcutaneous administration of small quantities of ACTH in producing maximal hypertrophy of the adrenal cortices of rats. After two to three days the size of the gland increased to an extent never observed when the hormone was administered in separate injections. Sayers et al. (3) were the first to administer ACTH intravenously in man. Large doses, given over thirty minutes to 2 normal subjects, produced most of the known physiologic effects in spite of the rapid disappearance of ACTH from the blood stream following the end of the infusion. In clinical usage the intramuscular route of administration remained the method of choice until Gordon (4).
A Method for Ranking Products Through Online Reviews Based on Sentiment Classification and Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS

Studies have shown that online product reviews significantly affect consumer purchase decisions. However, it is difficult for the consumer to read online product reviews one by one because the number of online reviews is very large. Thus, to facilitate consumer purchase decisions, how to rank products through online reviews is a valuable research topic. This paper proposes a method for ranking products through online reviews based on sentiment classification and the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The method consists of two parts: (1) identifying sentiment orientations of the online reviews based on sentiment classification and (2) ranking alternative products based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS. In the first part, the online reviews of the alternative products concerning multiple attributes are preprocessed, and an algorithm based on support vector machine and one-versus-one strategy is developed for classifying the sentiment orientations of online reviews into three categories: positive, neutral, and negative. In the second part, based on the percentages of the online reviews with different sentiment orientations and the numbers of online reviews of different products crawled from the website, an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number is constructed to represent the performance of an alternative product with respect to the product attribute. Additionally, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method is employed to determine a ranking of the alternative products. Finally, a case analysis is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method.
Impact of Corn Earworm Injury on Yield of Transgenic Corn Producing Bt Toxins in the Carolinas

ABSTRACT Transgenic corn, Zea mays L. , hybrids expressing insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and insecticide applications to suppress injury from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were evaluated in Florence, SC, and in Plymouth, NC, in 2012 and 2013. Based on kernel area injured, insecticide applications (chlorantraniliprole) every 3–4 d from R1 until H. zea had cycled out of corn reduced injury by 80–93% in Florence and 94–95% in Plymouth. Despite intensive applications of insecticide (13–18 per trial), limited injury still occurred in all treated plots in 2012, except in DKC 68-03 (Genuity VT Double PRO), based on kernels injured (both locations) and proportion of injured ears (Florence only). In 2013, ear injury was low in Plymouth, with no kernel injury in any insecticide-treated plots, except P1498R (non-Bt) and P1498YHR (Optimum Intrasect). Injury in Florence in 2013 did not occur in treated plots of DKC 68-04 (non-Bt), DKC 68-03 (Genuity VT Double PRO), and N785-3111 (Agrisure Viptera). Yields were not significantly affected by insecticide treatment and were not statistically different among near-isolines with and without Bt traits. Yields were not significantly associated with kernel injury based on regression analyses. The value of using Bt corn hybrids to manage H. zea is discussed.
Combining Words and Compound Terms for Monolingual and Cross-Language Information Retrieval

Most existing systems of Information retrieval (IR) use single words as index to represent the contents of documents and queries. One of the consequences is the low recall level. In this paper, we propose to integrate compound terms as additional indexing units because terms are more precise representation units than words. Terms are recognized through the use of a terminology database and an automatic term extraction tool, which is based on syntactic templates and statistical analysis. In this paper, we first show that the use of compound terms is greatly beneficial to monolingual IR. Then compound terms are incorporated in statistical translation models trained on a large set of parallel texts. Our experiments on cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) show that such a translation model leads to a much better CLIR effectiveness when compound terms are integrated.
Deep Mars: CNN Classification of Mars Imagery for the PDS Imaging Atlas

NASA has acquired more than 22 million images from the planet Mars. To help users find images of interest, we developed a content-based search capability for Mars rover surface images and Mars orbital images. We started with the AlexNet convolutional neural network, which was trained on Earth images, and used transfer learning to adapt the network for use with Mars images. We report on our deployment of these classifiers within the PDS Imaging Atlas, a publicly accessible web interface, to enable the first content-based image search for NASA’s Mars images.
The Relationships among Coffeehouse's Physical Environment, Self-Congruity, Positive Emotion, and Revisit Intentions

This study sought to describe the relationships among physical environment, self-congruity, positive emotion, and revisit intentions in the coffeehouse setting. This study adopted second-order factor of physical environment in a structural equation model, imploying trend(fashion), cleanliness, reliability, spatial, convenience, and appropriacy as the second-order factors. The conceptual model in this study used responses from 338 college students who visited coffeehouse at least once in the part month. The proposed relationships were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 6.0. The results of data analysis indicated that the six second-order factors of physical environment significantly affected coffeehouse visitor’s self-congruity and positive emotion, and self- congruity as well as positive emotion significantly influenced revisit intentions. Further discussion and theoretical/practical implications of the findings along with directions for future studies are provided. In essence, the findings highlight significant role of coffeehouse’s physical environment toward self-congruity and positive emotion in the formation of customer’s revisit intentions in the coffeehouse context.
OUR RELIABILITY IS IN PRINCIPLE EXPLAINABLE

Abstract Non-skeptical robust realists about normativity, mathematics, or any other domain of non-causal truths are committed to a correlation between their beliefs and non-causal, mind-independent facts. Hartry Field and others have argued that if realists cannot explain this striking correlation, that is a strong reason to reject their theory. Some consider this argument, known as the Benacerraf–Field argument, as the strongest challenge to robust realism about mathematics (Field 1989, 2001), normativity (Enoch 2011), and even logic (Schechter 2010). In this article I offer two closely related accounts for the type of explanation needed in order to address Field's challenge. I then argue that both accounts imply that the striking correlation to which robust realists are committed is explainable, thereby discharging Field's challenge. Finally, I respond to some objections and end with a few unresolved worries.
Drained and Undrained Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Sand

A series of CU(bar) and CD type triaxial compression tests were performed on comparable unreinforced and fiber-reinforced specimens of Ottawa Sands to evaluate the effective stress-strain-pore pressure-volume change behavior of fiber-reinforced soils. The results show that fibers increase the cohesion and effective friction angle for Ottawa Sands. The cohesion and effective friction angle determined for the reinforced specimens increases with strains. Reinforced loose specimens tend to have a higher friction angle, but lower cohesion intercept than the reinforced medium-dense specimens. In addition, the inclusion of fibers with loose specimens has a significant effect in increasing effective friction angle than with medium-dense specimens. In CU(bar) tests, the loose reinforced specimens exhibited lower pore pressures than unreinforced specimens. In CD tests, the loose and medium-dense reinforced specimens showed more dilation than unreinforced specimens at moderate and larger strains. These are in agreement with the response observed in undrained tests. For Ottawa sands, the fiber resistance is mobilized at small strains in both undrained and drained conditions. However, the mobilized shear resistances in drained tests occur sooner than in undrained tests.
Autonomous magnetic labelling of functional mesenchymal stem cells for improved traceability and spatial control in cell therapy applications

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a valuable resource for regenerative medicine treatments for orthopaedic repair and beyond. Following developments in isolation, expansion and differentiation protocols, efforts to promote clinical translation of emerging cellular strategies now seek to improve cell delivery and targeting. This study shows efficient live MSC labelling using silica‐coated magnetic particles (MPs), which enables 3D tracking and guidance of stem cells. A procedure developed for the efficient and unassisted particle uptake was shown to support MSC viability and integrity, while surface marker expression and MSC differentiation capability were also maintained. In vitro, MSCs showed a progressive decrease in labelling over increasing culture time, which appeared to be linked to the dilution effect of cell division, rather than to particle release, and did not lead to detectable secondary particle uptake. Labelled MSC populations demonstrated magnetic responsiveness in vitro through directed migration in culture and, when seeded onto a scaffold, supporting MP‐based approaches to cell targeting. The potential of these silica‐coated MPs for MRI cell tracking of MSC populations was validated in 2D and in a cartilage repair model following cell delivery. These results highlight silica‐coated magnetic particles as a simple, safe and effective resource to enhance MSC targeting for therapeutic applications and improve patient outcomes. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Parenting During Early Adolescence and Adolescent-Onset Major Depression

In this study, we investigated the prospective relationship between maternal behaviors observed during mother-adolescent interactions and the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) between early and late adolescence (ages 12–18). Maternal expressions of emotion and maternal responses to their child’s expressions of emotion were both examined. Results demonstrated that higher rates of maternal aggressive behavior and lower rates of maternal positive behavior prospectively predicted MDD onset across adolescence. In addition, negative (i.e., aggressive and dysphoric) maternal responses to adolescents’ aggressive and positive behaviors predicted MDD onset. Maternal dysphoric behavior and the way mothers respond to adolescents’ dysphoria were not related to MDD onset. These results extend previous findings on the relationship between parenting behaviors and depression onset in early to midadolescence and suggest that maternal emotion socialization behaviors in early adolescence prospectively predict MDD onset across the entire course of adolescence.
Optimizing biological treatments for rheumatoid arthritis

The area of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment has been revolutionized during the last decades with the development of biological therapies and their introduction into daily clinical practice contributing greatly to this dramatic change. However, several aspects of the use of these highly effective but expensive therapies remain far from optimal. To date, there is no clear evidence for the optimal sequence of biological agents, and the choice of a second- or third-line biologic is random. The effect of drug levels and the presence of neutralizing anti-drug antibodies remain unclear. In addition, the identification of prognostic factors of response, both clinical and histopathological, is crucial for a more individualized treatment approach.
Frictions in a Competitive, Regulated Market: Evidence from Taxis

This paper presents a dynamic equilibrium model of a taxi market. The model is estimated using data from New York City yellow cabs. Two salient features by which most taxi markets deviate from the efficient market ideal are, first, matching frictions created by the need for both market sides to physically search for trading partners, and second, regulatory limitations to entry. To assess the importance of these features, we use the model to simulate the effect of changes in entry, alternative matching technologies, and different market density. We use the geographical features of the matching process to back out unobserved demand through a matching simulation. The matching function exhibits increasing returns to scale, which is important to understand the impact of changes in this market and has welfare implications. For instance, although alternative dispatch platforms can be more efficient than street-hailing, platform competition is harmful because it reduces effective density. (JEL C78, L51, L84, L92, L98, R48)
Preservation of Base-line Hemodynamic Function and Loss of Inducible Cardioprotection in Adult Mice Lacking Protein Kinase Cϵ*

Signaling pathways involving protein kinase C isozymes are modulators of cardiovascular development and response to injury. Protein kinase Cϵ activation in cardiac myocytes reduces necrosis caused by coronary artery disease. However, it is unclear whether protein kinase Cϵ function is required for normal cardiac development or inducible protection against oxidative stress. Protein kinase Cδ activation is also observed during cardiac preconditioning. However, its role as a promoter or inhibitor of injury is controversial. We examined hearts from protein kinase Cϵ knock-out mice under physiological conditions and during acute ischemia reperfusion. Null-mutant and wild-type mice displayed equivalent base-line morphology and hemodynamic function. Targeted disruption of the protein kinase Cϵ gene blocked cardioprotection caused by ischemic preconditioning and α1-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Protein kinase Cδ activation increased in protein kinase Cϵ knock-out myocytes without altering resistance to injury. These observations support protein kinase Cϵ activation as an essential component of cardioprotective signaling. Our results favor protein kinase Cδ activation as a mediator of normal growth. This study advances the understanding of cellular mechanisms responsible for preservation of myocardial integrity as potential targets for prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
General Practitioners as Agents of Health Risk Behaviour Change: Opportunities for Behavioural Science in Patient Smoking Cessation

General practitioners have been suggested as occupying a position in the community that offers considerable potential for reducing the prevalence of health risk behaviours. Green, Eriksen, and Schor (1988) have proposed that if general practitioners are to effectively adopt a role in modifying patient health risk behaviours, a number of prerequisite conditions must be met. Using the model proposed by Green et al., this paper reviews the literature to describe the circumstances under which general practitioners currently practise this role. The review focuses on the circumstances relating to practitioner modification of one patient health risk behaviour: smoking. Research detailing the extent of practitioner involvement in the modification of this risk behaviour is also reviewed. The paper concludes by discussing the opportunities available for behavioural scientists to facilitate general practitioners' adoption of a role in patient smoking cessation.
Crystal structure of KorA bound to operator DNA: insight into repressor cooperation in RP4 gene regulation

KorA is a global repressor in RP4 which regulates cooperatively the expression of plasmid genes whose products are involved in replication, conjugative transfer and stable inheritance. The structure of KorA bound to an 18-bp DNA duplex that contains the symmetric operator sequence and incorporates 5-bromo-deoxyuridine nucleosides has been determined by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing at 1.96-Å resolution. KorA is present as a symmetric dimer and contacts DNA via a helix–turn–helix motif. Each half-site of the symmetric operator DNA binds one copy of the protein in the major groove. As confirmed by mutagenesis, recognition specificity is based on two KorA side chains forming hydrogen bonds to four bases within each operator half-site. KorA has a unique dimerization module shared by the RP4 proteins TrbA and KlcB. We propose that these proteins cooperate with the global RP4 repressor KorB in a similar manner via this dimerization module and thus regulate RP4 inheritance.
Survival in small cell lung cancer is independent of tumor expression of VEGF and COX-2.

BACKGROUND Preclinical data suggests that VEGF and COX-2 are potentially important mediators in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Little is known about the frequency of tumor expression of VEGF and COX-2 in SCLC or the prognostic significance of this expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical records from 54 cases of SCLC were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains for VEGF and COX-2 were performed on all tumor specimens. RESULTS Tumor VEGF expression was detected in 43 cases (81%) and COX-2 expression in 11 (20%). No significant association between VEGF or COX-2 expression and survival was observed. CONCLUSION This is the first study to assess the frequency and clinical significance of tumor VEGF and COX-2 expression in a large group of patients with SCLC. In this cohort, neither VEGF nor COX-2 expression impacted survival. The frequency of VEGF expression suggests that it merits further investigation as a therapeutic target in SCLC.
Determination of simple thresholds for accelerometry-based parameters for fall detection

The increasing population of elderly people is mainly living in a home-dwelling environment and needs applications to support their independency and safety. Falls are one of the major health risks that affect the quality of life among older adults. Body attached accelerometers have been used to detect falls. The placement of the accelerometric sensor as well as the fall detection algorithms are still under investigation. The aim of the present pilot study was to determine acceleration thresholds for fall detection, using triaxial accelerometric measurements at the waist, wrist, and head. Intentional falls (forward, backward, and lateral) and activities of daily living (ADL) were performed by two voluntary subjects. The results showed that measurements from the waist and head have potential to distinguish between falls and ADL. Especially, when the simple threshold-based detection was combined with posture detection after the fall, the sensitivity and specificity of fall detection were up to 100 %. On the contrary, the wrist did not appear to be an optimal site for fall detection.