Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural evolution of experimental vitreous hemorrhage and effects of corticosteroids on its course.

INTRODUCTION The course and prognosis of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) are difficult to predict in spite of so far published experimental and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to follow the course and evaluate prognosis of vitreous hemorrhage. METHODS The experiment was performed on 19 Chinchilla rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), both males and females (38 eyes), weighing 2500-3000 g, which were treated with autologous blood (B) from marginal ear vein--the first group, and the second group was treated with both blood and corticosteroids (B+CS). The course of vitreous hemorrhage was examined. RESULTS Our results have shown that the cellular reaction to vitreous hemorrhage is different, compared to hemorrhage in other types of tissue, which is due to absence of an early polymorphonuclear cellular reaction. Number of cells within vitreous body is very low. CONCLUSION Vitreous hemorrhage has unusual course followed by a small number of cells (mostly polymorphonuclear cells). This is most important fact why VH is cleared very slowly (about 6 to 9 weeks). CS has moderate influence on the acceleration ofVH absorption.
A Comparative Study of the United States, Turkey, and Korea: Attitudes and Beliefs of Preservice Mathematics Teachers toward Mathematics, Teaching Mathematics, and Their Teacher Preparation Programs.

Personal factors such as knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes are considered significant in determining not only how teachers teach, but also how their students learn. Preservice teachers' beliefs and attitudes also play an important role in their learning to teach. With the consideration of the crucial role of personal beliefs and attitudes in learning and teaching, this research examined the implications for teacher educators of prospective teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward mathematics, teaching mathematics, and their teacher preparation programs in three countries--the United States, Turkey, and Korea. In this study, 106 preservice teachers in three countries responded to a questionnaire that consisted of 35 questions. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using the research statistical program SPSS. Findings included perceptions of preservice teachers and differences between countries. The results of this study provide insight for teacher educators for planning teacher education programs as well as understanding the needs of prospective mathematics teachers. (Contains 11 references.) (ASK) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. A Comparative Study of the United States, Turkey, and Korea Attitudes and Beliefs of Preservice Mathematics Teachers Toward Mathematics, Teaching Mathematics, and Their Teacher Preparation Programs By Sigrid Wagner, Hea-Jin Lee, & S. As li Ozgun-Koca The Ohio State University Teachers' personal factors such as knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes are considered as significant factors in determining not only how they teach but also how their students learn. Preservice teachers' beliefs and attitudes also play an important role in their learning to teach (Borko & Putnam, 1996; Pajares, 1992; Richardson, 1996). With the consideration of the crucial role of personal beliefs and attitudes in learning and teaching, this research aimed at examining the implications for teacher educators'of prospective teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward mathematics, teaching mathematics, and their teacher preparation programs. Research Questions This research was designed to answer two questions about mathematics preservice education. (1) What are the beliefs and attitudes of preservice mathematics teachers toward mathematics, teaching mathematics, and their teacher preparation programs? (2) Are there differences/similarities in the answers to the first question among preservice teachers in three countries: the United States, Turkey, and Korea? Through this research, the authors tried to find factors affecting student teachers' beliefs and attitudes, which may shape future mathematics teachers. The results of this study provide insight for teacher educators in planning teacher education programs as well as understanding the needs of prospective mathematics teachers throughout the
There is No Sex-, Handedness-, and Hand Grip Strengthrelated Dimorphism in Digit Ratio in both Sedentary and Athletic African Young People

Introduction: The ratio of second-to-fourth digit length (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and is generally higher in females compared to males. Digit ratio is believed to be a marker of prenatal testosterone exposure, and is related to physical strength. Lower 2D:4D is associated with greater physical strength, better sporting performance and a propensity towards jobs demanding greater physical ability. Very recently, emerging data have shown absence of digit ratio in some ethnicities and geographical regions of the world. However, there is lack of data about digit ratio in African population. To this end, we investigated the sex- and handedness differences in digit ratio in African people. Methods: 233 healthy young participants volunteered for the study. Of them, 125 were males (average age-19.31 years) and 108 were females (average age-17.79 years) with all between ages 16 and 25 years. Handedness was determined using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. The lengths of the 2nd and 4th fingers were determined using electronic digital caliper. Hand grip muscle strength was recorded using electronic dynamometer of PowerLab 26T (AD Instruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Results: There was no significant sex and handedness related difference in both right and left hand digit ratios. Athletes had no significantly lower digit ratio than sedentary subjects and there was no significant correlation between digit ratios. Conclusion: Sexual dimorphism and handedness related differences in digit ratio are not universal in humans.
The role of social relationships and culture in the cognitive representation of emotions

There are individual and cultural differences in how memories of our emotions are cognitively represented. This article examines the cognitive representation of emotions in different cultures, as a result of emotional (in)consistency in different cultures. Using a continuous semantic priming task, we showed in two studies that individuals who were less emotionally consistent across relationships have stronger associations of their emotions within those relationships. Further, we found (in Study 2) that in a culture characterised by higher levels of emotional inconsistency across relationships (Singapore), stronger associations between emotions within relationships were found than in a culture characterised by emotional consistency (USA). This cultural difference in cognitive representation was fully mediated by individual differences in cross-situational consistency levels.
Making sense of Web 2.0 technology : do European students use the social meida applications for educational goals?

The role of web 2.0 applications and more specific social media in e-learning is growing. The use of Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr, Slideshare and Delicious is becoming accepted as shared information sources in current education. Facebook, Naymz, Twitter and blogs give access to detailed personal information and thematic insights of relevant researchers and professionals and offer opportunities for immediate online conversations. However, there is still limited research into this use, the effects on education and the factors and characteristics that steer the use and effects of these applied social media. In this research, we described the results of an international cross-cultural survey into the key determinant factors that are responsible for the intention to use social media in European higher education. We conducted an online survey of 285 undergraduate and graduate students in selected higher institutions in the Netherlands, Great Britain and Ireland. The survey was based on the Unified Theory of User Acceptance of Technology (UTAUT) combined with the cultural dimensions as described by Hofstede. We found that two key variables of the UTAUT were good predictors’ of intention to use social media in higher education. These variables are performance expectancy, social influence. We also discovered that two additional constructs, control belief, and community identity influences the intention to use social media. Given the social characteristic of these media, we found that these relationships are significantly mediated by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, namely individualism, Power distance, masculinity, and technological experience. We concluded that culture is a vital factor to be taken into consideration as it relates to intention, and usage of social media in European higher education. From a theoretical perspective we get deep understanding of key determinant factors that contribute to the use of social media in higher education; this study fills the void created by lack of research interest in this new domain, and opens a door of opportunities for other researchers to explore, especially those having interest in European cross-cultural studies. In addition, institutions of higher learning and other organizations will find the recommendations offered at the end of this paper useful, as it made a number of suggestions on how to utilize the opportunities offered by web 2.0 technologies for e-learning benefits.
Macrophages Subvert Adaptive Immunity to Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections with frequent recurrence being a major medical challenge. Development of effective therapies has been impeded by the lack of knowledge of events leading to adaptive immunity. Here, we establish conclusive evidence that an adaptive immune response is generated during UTI, yet this response does not establish sterilizing immunity. To investigate the underlying deficiency, we delineated the naïve bladder immune cell compartment, identifying resident macrophages as the most populous immune cell. To evaluate their impact on the establishment of adaptive immune responses following infection, we measured bacterial clearance in mice depleted of either circulating monocytes, which give rise to macrophages, or bladder resident macrophages. Surprisingly, mice depleted of resident macrophages, prior to primary infection, exhibited a nearly 2-log reduction in bacterial burden following secondary challenge compared to untreated animals. This increased bacterial clearance, in the context of a challenge infection, was dependent on lymphocytes. Macrophages were the predominant antigen presenting cell to acquire bacteria post-infection and in their absence, bacterial uptake by dendritic cells was increased almost 2-fold. These data suggest that bacterial uptake by tissue macrophages impedes development of adaptive immune responses during UTI, revealing a novel target for enhancing host responses to bacterial infection of the bladder.
Acute hepatitis C in Brazil: Results of a national survey

The incidence of acute hepatitis C has decreased in the world. However, new cases are still reported. The objective of this study was to obtain data of acute hepatitis C in Brazil and to identify risk factors of transmission, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, evolution, and treatment. A questionnaire was sent to all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology. Sixteen centers participated with a total of 170 cases between 2000 and 2008. Among them, 37 had chronic renal failure on hemodialysis and were evaluated separately. The main diagnostic criterion in non‐uremic patients was ALT (alanine aminotransferase) elevation associated with risk factors. In patients with chronic renal failure, anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion was the most frequent criterion. Among the 133 non‐uremic patients the main risk factors were hospital procedures, whereas in hemodialysis patients, dialysis was the single risk factor in 95% of the cases. Jaundice was more frequent in non‐uremic patients (82% vs. 13%; P < 0.001) and ALT levels were higher in these individuals (P < 0.001). Spontaneous clearance was more frequent in non‐uremic patients (51% vs. 3%; P < 0.001). Sixty‐five patients were treated: 39 non‐uremic patients and 26 on dialysis. Sustained virological response rates were 60% for non‐uremic and 58% for uremic patients (P = 0.98). There was no association of these rates with the study variables. These findings show that cases of acute hepatitis C are still occurring and have been related predominantly to hospital procedures. Measures to prevent nosocomial transmission should be adopted rigorously and followed to minimize this important source of infection observed in this survey. J. Med. Virol. 83:1738–1743, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The dynamical structure of dark matter haloes

Thanks to the ever increasing computational power and the development of more sophisticated algorithms, numerical N-body simulations are now uncovering several phenomenological relations between the physical properties of dark matter haloes in position and velocity space. It is the aim of the present work to investigate in detail the dynamical structure of dark matter haloes, as well as its possible dependence on mass and its evolution with redshift up to z = 5. We use high-resolution cosmological simulations of individual objects to compute the radially averaged profiles of several quantities, scaled by the radius R max at which the circular velocity attains its maximum value, V max . We investigate the circular velocity profile, the dark matter density and its logarithmic slope, the position and velocity of the centre of mass on different scales, the radial infall around the halo, its spin parameter, the radial and tangential components of the velocity dispersion, and the coarse-grained phase-space density. It is found that all the physical properties considered display a similar structure when expressed in terms of R max and V max . No systematic dependence on mass or cosmic epoch are found within R max , and all the different radial profiles are well fitted by simple analytical models. However, our results suggest that several properties are not 'universal' outside this radius. In particular, dark matter haloes should not be assumed to be in equilibrium beyond R max , especially at high redshift, where significant infalling velocities can be measured. We therefore conclude that the whole dynamical structure of haloes, rather than just their density profile, is 'universal' within R max at least up to z = 5, and that some dynamical process yet to be identified is responsible for such universality, rather than the details of the merger history of the halo. Memory of the initial conditions is only retained in the outer regions, where there is significant scatter from object to object, as well as clear systematic trends with mass and time. Thus, we argue that R max and V max provide a well-motivated, model-independent choice to characterize dark matter haloes, especially in comparison with the so-called 'virial' mass or radius.
Counting triangle crossings and halving planes

Every collection oft≥2n2 triangles with a total ofn vertices in ℝ3 has Ω(t4/n6) crossing pairs. This implies that one of their edges meets Ω(t3/n6) of the triangles. From this it follows thatn points in ℝ3 have onlyO(n8/3) halving planes.
Biopsychosocial Factors and Cognitive Function in Cat Ownership and Attachment in Community-dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT Few studies consider the health benefits of pet ownership from a biopsychosocial perspective, and a paucity of studies investigate cat ownership. The current study was designed to determine if psychosocial factors (stress, loneliness, and depression), biological levels of stress and inflammation (salivary cortisol, interleukin-1β, and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and cognitive function were associated with companion cat ownership/attachment in community-dwelling older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 96, mean age = 76.6 years) who either owned a cat and no dog (n = 41) or owned neither a cat nor a dog (n = 55) completed questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, Revised–UCLA Loneliness Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale) and provided saliva specimens which were assayed for stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The majority of participants screened positive for mild cognitive impairment, reported low levels of stress, loneliness, and depression, and the biomarkers reflected fairly low levels of stress and inflammation. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that psychosocial factors, salivary biomarkers, and cognitive function were not significantly associated with cat ownership. Age was the only significant predictor of cat ownership (OR = 0.92, p < 0.01) with the odds of cat ownership decreasing by 8.3% per year of advancing age. On average, cat owners were “somewhat attached” to their cats; however, 26% were “strongly attached” to their cats. Correlation analyses revealed the level of attachment to cats was not associated with study outcomes. These results show that cat ownership declined with each advancing year, which lessens the opportunity for older adults to form attachment bonds. The level of pet attachment supports the consideration of cats as a source of an attachment relationship for older adults, including those with cognitive impairment.
Integrative Reflex Control of Heart Rate in the Rabbit during Hypoxia and Hyperventilation

Baroreceptor mean arterial blood pressure-heart period curves were obtained for unanesthetized sham-operated, thalamic, or pontine rabbits at an arterial Po2 of 100 or 30 mm Hg. Each curve was S-shaped: it had a lower heart period plateau below threshold pressure, a part where heart period increased monotonically with rising mean arterial blood pressure, and an upper heart period plateau above upper saturation pressure. In spontaneously breathing rabbits, the pressure-dependent parameters of the curves were altered during hypoxia; in addition, there were baroreflex-independent shifts in heart period plateau levels. Suprapontine centers participated in both of these changes. An afferent analysis performed in rabbits treated with atropine and subjected to controlled ventilation showed that the changes in curve parameters were due to afferent interactions in cardiac sympathetic motoneurons between (1) arterial baroreceptor and chemoreceptor inputs which increased threshold, (2) arterial baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor inputs which lowered threshold and increased gain, and (3) cardiopulmonary baroreceptor and chemoreceptor inputs which increased gain and heart period range. Baroreflex-independent shifts in plateau levels were due to increased chemoreceptor and lung inflation receptor activity. The baroreflex-dependent and the baroreflex-independent components of the heart period response were mediated (as in spontaneously breathing rabbits) through both suprapontine centers and pontine centers.
Registration of 'infinity CL' wheat

'Infinity CL', selected from the cross 'Windstar'//'Millenium' sib/'Above' sib, is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS. It was released in 2005 primarily for its herbicide tolerance of imadazoline compounds which control many previously difficult to control weeds in wheat production systems and for its superior adaptation to rainfed wheat production systems in Nebraska and counties in adjacent states. Infinity CL was evaluated as NH01046 in Nebraska yield nurseries starting in 2002 and in Nebraska and Wyoming cultivar performance trials in 2003 and 2004. The average Nebraska rainfed yield of Infinity CL of 3870 kg/ha was lower than the yield of 'Wesley' (3990 kg/ha) but similar to that of Millenium (3860 kg/ha) and higher than 'Wahoo' (3790 kg/ha) and 'Alliance' (3620 kg/ha). The average Wyoming rainfed yield of Infinity CL of 2220 kg/ha was lower than 'Goodstreak' (2350 kg/ha) but similar to 'Buckskin' (2280 kg/ha) and higher than Above (2080 kg/ha). In tests conducted in 2004 with recommended (35 g a.i./ha) and twice the recommended rate (71 g a.i./ha) of imazamox, Infinity CL performed similarly to Above for herbicide tolerance as determined by visual signs of injury or change in flowering date after herbicide application. Infinity CL is medium in maturity and is semidwarf. It is moderately resistant to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), leaf rust (P. triticina [P. recondita]) and stripe rust (P. striiformis f.sp. tritici).
Reversible image watermarking using interpolation technique

In this paper presents a novel reversible watermarking scheme. The proposed scheme use an interpolation technique to generate residual values named as interpolation error. Additionally apply the additive expansion to these interpolation-errors, this project achieve a highly efficient reversible watermarking scheme which can guarantee high image quality without sacrificing embedding capacity. The experimental results show the proposed reversible scheme provides a higher capacity and achieves better image quality for watermarked images. The computational cost of the proposed scheme is small.
Heroes, Teams, and Teachers: A Study of Leadership for Change.

Research on leadership for change should focus more on what leaders do and less on who the key leaders are. This study identifies a set of change leadership functions, including providing and selling a vision of change, obtaining resources, providing encouragement and recognition, adapting standard operating procedures, monitoring the improvement effort, and handling disturbances. A study of program implementation in eight schools--four that successfully institutionalized an innovation, three that only institutionalized it in a token form, and one that institutionalized it among a subset of teachers--suggests that these functions do contribute to change and are performed by teams, including the central office, the principal, teachers, and outside consultants. In three of the fully institutionalized schools, the principal served as "head cheerleader," encouraging teachers after observations, during planning meetings, and through a positive demeanor toward the program. Analysis of specific functions showed that teachers contributed to a sustained vision of Social Problem Solving (the innovation), encouraged their peers, and served as informal monitors. However, teachers could not provide programmatic resources and lacked a formal mechanism for contributing to curriculum standardization decisions. There was no critical leader in the change process. Change leadership was a team enterprise, not the work of a single hero. Teachers need further leadership opportunities. (Contains 41 references.) (MLH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** HEROES, TEAMS, AND TEACHERS: A STUDY OF LEADERSHIP FOR CHANGE Marjorie F. Heller William A. Firestone U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of EduCattOn111 Re Saa,Ch and Innooverneht iATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This CIOCurnah: has been reproduced as reoewee from the person Or Organaaflon prvnating . 1 . 7. MtnOr Changes nave omen 'nape to ,n,oronp reorOduchon oualey Points 01 view Or Opin.ons Stated In th$SO0C1* ment do nol necessartly represent ollictal OERI Posrnon or pol,Cy January, 1994 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)"