Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content Analyses of A Priori Qualitative Phantom Limb Pain Descriptions and Emerging Categories in Mid‐Southerners with Limb Loss

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive study were (a) to identify the relative frequencies of a priori categories of phantom limb pain (PLP) quality descriptors reported by Mid‐Southerners with limb loss, (b) to analyze their descriptions for emerging categories of PLP, and (c) to identify the relative frequencies of the emerging categories. Design: This cross‐sectional descriptive verbal survey assessed PLP descriptors. A content analyses determined relative frequencies of a priori PLP descriptors as well as emerging categories that were identified. Findings: The most common a priori PLP quality descriptors reported by 52 amputees with PLP were intermittent, tingling/needles/numb, sharp, cramping, burning, and stabbing. The most common emerging categories reported were pain compared to illness/injury, electrical cyclical, and manipulated/positional. Conclusion: The detailed descriptions of PLP provide insight into the vivid experiences of PLP. Clinical Relevance: Rehabilitation nurses can use this information with PLP assessment, patient teaching, and counseling.
Predictors of competitive success of national-level powerlifters: a multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT Powerlifting is a sport consisting of the squat, bench press, and deadlift. The overall winner is determined using the Wilks formula to make comparisons across weight classes. To date, literature evaluating competitive performance in powerlifting is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of body mass and the number of successful attempts for each lift in determining competitive success. Individual and group level data were taken from the online USA Powerlifting Nationals database for the years 2015–2017. The analysis consisted of 2,532 individual cases taken from 2,021 individual male and female athletes nested within 17 weight classes. The number of successful attempts for squat (SQ), bench press (BP) and deadlift (DL), as well as body mass, were entered as individual level predictors. Multi-level analysis revealed that increased body mass within a weight class resulted in significantly increased Wilks points. Additionally, the number of successful squats and bench presses were significant, positive predictors of Wilks points. However, the number of successful deadlifts was not associated with greater competitive success. The results of this study suggest that competitive success in powerlifting may be aided by better competitive strategies regarding body mass manipulation and attempt selection.
Independent range sampling

This paper studies the independent range sampling problem. The input is a set P of n points in R. Given an interval q = [x, y] and an integer t ≥ 1, a query returns t elements uniformly sampled (with/without replacement) from P ∩ q. The sampling result must be independent from those returned by the previous queries. The objective is to store P in a structure for answering all queries efficiently. If P fits in memory, the problem is interesting when P is dynamic (i.e., allowing insertions and deletions). The state of the art is a structure of O(n) space that answers a query in O(t log n) time, and supports an update in O(log n) time. We describe a new structure of O(n) space that answers a query in O(log n + t) expected time, and supports an update in O(log n) time. If P does not fit in memory, the problem is challenging even when P is static. The best known structure incurs O(logB n + t) I/Os per query, where B is the block size. We develop a new structure of O(n/B) space that answers a query in O(log* (n/B) + logB n + (t/B) logM/B (n/B)) amortized expected I/Os, where M is the memory size, and log* (n/B) is the number of iterative log2(.) operations we need to perform on n/B before going below a constant. We also give a lower bound argument showing that this is nearly optimal---in particular, the multiplicative term logM/B (n/B) is necessary.
Serotonin facilitates AMPA‐type responses in isolated siphon motor neurons of Aplysia in culture

1 Serotonin (5‐HT) facilitates the connections between sensory and motor neurons in Aplysia during behavioural sensitization. The effect of 5‐HT on sensorimotor synapses is believed to be primarily presynaptic. Here we tested whether 5‐HT can have an exclusively postsynaptic facilitatory effect. 2 Siphon motor neurons were individually dissociated from the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia and placed into cell culture. Brief pulses of glutamate, the putative sensory neuron transmitter, were focally applied (0.1 Hz) to solitary motor neurons in culture, and the glutamate‐evoked postsynaptic potentials (Glu‐PSPs) were recorded. 3 When 5‐HT was perfused over the motor neuron for 10 min, the amplitude of the Glu‐PSPs was significantly increased. The 5‐HT‐induced enhancement of the Glu‐PSPs persisted for at least 40 min after washout. 4 Prior injection into the motor neuron of the calcium chelator BAPTA, GDP‐β‐S or GTP‐γ‐S blocked the 5‐HT‐induced facilitation of the Glu‐PSPs. However, the facilitation was not blocked when APV, an NMDA receptor antagonist, was applied together with the 5‐HT. 5 The enhancement of the Glu‐PSPs by 5‐HT was reversed by the AMPA receptor antagonist DNQX, indicating that 5‐HT increased the functional expression of AMPA‐type receptors in the motor neuron. 6 The presence of botulinum toxin in the motor neuron blocked the 5‐HT‐induced enhancement of the Glu‐PSPs. As botulinum toxin prevents exocytosis we hypothesize that during sensitization 5‐HT causes the insertion of additional AMPA‐type receptors into the postsynaptic membrane of sensorimotor synapses via exocytosis. This postsynaptic mechanism may contribute to facilitation of the synapses.
The effect of web communities on consumers' initial trust in B2C e‐commerce websites

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of the mere integration of social network applications to provide a signal concerning the “trustworthiness” of an unfamiliar e-vendor in order to enhance subsequent purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach - To investigate the impact of web communities on consumers' initial trust beliefs (i.e. ability, benevolence and integrity), a 2×3 between-subjects full factorial online experiment was carried out, using a fictitious web site for a gift gadgets selling company, manipulating it for inclusion or exclusion of a “social networking site”, and for inclusion or exclusion of “a corporate blog (text only blog, photo and text blog, or no blog)”. Data were obtained from 226 online shoppers. Findings - Although the authors could not reveal any effects of the integration of social network applications on “ability” beliefs, it was possible to demonstrate their capacity to “signal” “benevolence” and “integrity”, which in turn have a significant impact on purchase intentions. Unfamiliar e-retailers may foster perceptions of “integrity” by utilizing text-blogs into their web sites, but they should avoid embedding facial photos of shop representatives in the blog. If e-retailers want to make use of “a corporate blog with facial photo”, it is recommended to combine it with the integration of a social networking site such as Facebook in order to boost perceptions of “benevolence”. Research limitations/implications - The simple integration of “social network applications” can affect “initial trust beliefs” towards unfamiliar e-tailers and subsequent “purchase intentions”, but it appears essential to utilize just the right cue combination in order to obtain the desired effect. The effectiveness of integrating a social network application may vary according to the type and may affect different trust beliefs (benevolence, integrity). Originality/value - An important issue in e-commerce remains how trust is developed between consumers and e-retailers. This paper investigates the use of different web communities and the influence of their integration in the commercial web site on consumers' initial trust beliefs in the online environment. The findings will help business managers to understand how social media should be used to lead to optimal results.
Phosphorylation-specific status of RNAi triggers in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution analyses

Abstract The RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic ARC-520 for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection consists of a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine for hepatocyte targeting and endosomal escape, and cholesterol-conjugated RNAi triggers, which together result in HBV gene silencing. To characterize the kinetics of RNAi trigger delivery and 5΄-phosphorylation of guide strands correlating with gene knockdown, we employed a peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) hybridization assay. A fluorescent sense strand PNA probe binding to RNAi duplex guide strands was coupled with anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography to quantitate guide strands and metabolites. Compared to PCR- or ELISA-based methods, this assay enables separate quantitation of non-phosphorylated full-length guide strands from 5΄-phosphorylated forms that may associate with RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Biodistribution studies in mice indicated that ARC-520 guide strands predominantly accumulated in liver. 5΄-phosphorylation of guide strands was observed within 5 min after ARC-520 injection, and was detected for at least 4 weeks corresponding to the duration of HBV mRNA silencing. Guide strands detected in RISC by AGO2 immuno-isolation represented 16% of total 5΄-phosphorylated guide strands in liver, correlating with a 2.7 log10 reduction of HBsAg. The PNA method enables pharmacokinetic analysis of RNAi triggers, elucidates potential metabolic processing events and defines pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
SIFT and SURF Performance Evaluation against Various Image Deformations on Benchmark Dataset

Scene classification in indoor and outdoor environments is a fundamental problem to the vision and robotics community. Scene classification benefits from image features which are invariant to image transformations such as rotation, illumination, scale, viewpoint, noise etc. Selecting suitable features that exhibit such invariances plays a key part in classification performance. This paper summarizes the performance of two robust feature detection algorithms namely Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded up Robust Features (SURF) on several classification datasets. In this paper, we have proposed three shorter SIFT descriptors. Results show that the proposed 64D and 96D SIFT descriptors perform as well as traditional 128D SIFT descriptors for image matching at a significantly reduced computational cost. SURF has also been observed to give good classification results on different datasets.
Phosphorylation of the Twist1-Family Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Is Involved in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling

Background The Twist1-family basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors including Twist1, Hand1 and Hand2, play an essential role in heart development and are implicated in pathological heart remodeling. Previously, it was reported that these bHLH transcription factors can be regulated by phosphorylation within the basic-helix I domain, which is involved in developmental processes such as limb formation and trophoblast differentiation. However, how phosphorylation of Twist1 family functions in post-natal heart is elusive. Principal Findings Here, we generated transgenic mice with over-expression of Hand1 and Twist1 mutants (to mimic or to abolish phosphorylation) in cardiomyocytes and found pathological cardiac remodeling leading to heart failure and sudden death. Gene expression profile analysis revealed up-regulation of growth-promoting genes and down-regulation of metabolic genes. It is well known that aberrant activation of Akt signaling causes pathological cardiac remodeling and results in heart failure. The basic-helix I domain of Twist1 family members contain Akt substrate consensus motif and may be downstream targets of Akt signaling. Using biochemical analysis, we demonstrated that Hand1 and Twist1 were phosphorylated by Akt in the basic-helix I domain. Phosphorylation of Hand1 regulated its transcriptional activation of luciferase reporter genes and DNA binding ability. Conclusions This study provides novel insights into the regulation of Twist1 family in cardiac remodeling and suggests that the Twist1 family can be regulated by Akt signaling.
Monopoly with Resale

This paper illustrates the intricacies associated with the design of revenue-maximizing mechanisms for a monopolist who expects her buyers to resell in a secondary market. We consider two modes of resale: the first is to a third party who does not participate in the primary market; the second is inter-bidders resale, where the winner in the primary market resells to the losers. The main contribution is in showing how revenue-maximizing mechanisms can be designed investigating the optimal informational linkage with the secondary market. To control the price in the resale game, the monopolist must design an allocation rule and a disclosure policy that optimally fashion the beliefs of the participants in the resale market. We show that it is generically impossible to maximize revenue through deterministic selling procedures and disclosing only the decision to trade with a particular buyer. To create the optimal informational linkage, the monopolist may need to induce stochastic allocations and disclose also the price paid in the primary market. The optimal allocation rule and disclosure policy maximize the expected sum of the bidders’ resale-augmented virtual valuations under the constraints imposed by the sequential rationality of the bidders’ offers in the resale game.
A COMPARISON OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING BETWEEN ADOPTED AND INSTITUTION-REARED CHILDREN IN CHILE

Many studies have shown that adopted children show higher levels of psychological adjustment than children living in institutions. However, there is little research comparing the behaviour and cognitive abilities of adopted and institution-reared children in Latin America, despite the large number of children living in institutional care. The aim of this thesis was to examine differences in the socio-emotional and cognitive functioning of adopted and institution-reared children in Chile, and to identify factors associated with the psychological adjustment and cognitive ability of adopted children. Data were obtained from 52 adopted children and their parents, and a comparison group of 50 children living in institutions. All adoptions were national and the children were aged between 4-9 years. Children’s psychological problems and attachment difficulties were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Relationship Problems Questionnaire, respectively, completed by adoptive parents or caregivers and teachers. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III). The Structured Child Assessment of Relationships in Families was used to assess children’s perceptions of family relationships. Adoptive mothers and fathers were individually administered a standardised interview designed to assess parenting quality and questionnaire assessments of anxiety, depression, marital quality and parenting stress. Observational assessments of mother-child interaction were also carried out. Adopted children showed significantly higher levels of socio-emotional and cognitive functioning than institution-reared children, with the majority of adopted children scoring within the normal range and the majority of institutionalised children showed clinical levels of emotional and behavioural problems. The mean IQ score of adopted children was 23 points higher than that of the institutionalised group. Factors associated with more positive outcomes among the adopted children were a younger age at adoption and lower levels of maternal and paternal stress. Although a selection effect cannot be ruled out, with higher functioning children more likely to be adopted, the results point to a beneficial effect of adoption on the psychological development and wellbeing of institutionalised children in Chile.
An Lp-Lq estimate for Radon transforms associated to polynomials

whereψ ∈ C∞ c (R3) is a cutoff function. (For the background information on the well-developed theory of Radon transforms and related oscillatory integral operators, we refer the reader to the papers [P], [PS3], [S], [Se2], and the references contained there.) WhenS(x,y) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree n, that is,ad−k,k = 0 for d < n in (1), the operatorR was studied by Phong and Stein [PS2] as a model for degenerate Radon transforms. They proved among other things that, if a1,n−1 6= 0 andan−1,1 6= 0, thenR is bounded fromLp(R2) to Lq(R2), when(1/p,1/q) is in the setτ defined as follows. First let 1 be the closed convex hull (a trapezoid) of the pointsO = (0,0), A= (2/(n+1),1/(n+1)), A′ = (n/(n+1), (n−1)/(n+1)), and O ′ = (1,1) in the plane (see Figure 1). Then τ is defined to be1minus the half-open segments(O,A] and[A′,O ′). Phong and Stein also proved that, for R to be bounded from Lp(R2) to Lq(R2), it is necessary that (1/p,1/q) ∈ 1. Whenn = 2, 3, it is known thatR is bounded precisely in 1 (see [PS1], [Se1], and [Se2]). When n ≥ 4, the endpoint(L,L) estimates have been open except in the translation-invariant case S(x,y)= c(x−y)n, for whichR is known to be bounded in all of 1 (see [PS2, p. 720] and [B]). (We want to point out here that the new method in [C2] may be used to prove a restricted weak type at the endpoints.) The purpose of this paper is to give a positive answer to these remaining endpoint questions. In fact, our results are somewhat more general. Since homogeneity plays
Equivalence of the Calogero-Sutherland model to free harmonic oscillators

A similarity transformation is constructed through which a system of particles interacting with inverse-square two-body and harmonic potentials in one dimension, can be mapped identically, to a set of free harmonic oscillators. This equivalence provides a straightforward method to find the complete set of eigenfunctions, the exact constants of motion and a linear $W_{1+\infty}$ algebra associated with this model. It is also demonstrated that a large class of models with long-range interactions, both in one and higher dimensions can be made equivalent to decoupled oscillators.
Impact of Social Networking Sites Use on Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Business Students: The Case of Saudi Arabia

This paper investigates the impact of the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) on business undergraduate students' entrepreneurial inten tions in the Saudi context. The study is based on Shapero and Sokol's model of entrep reneurial intention and Ajzen's theory of planned behavior in measuring entrepreneur ial intention. A technology use and adoption and the technology acceptance model are used as the basis of the study model. The study questionnaire w as developed, validated, and distributed. The results of the study confirm the impact of SNS on students’ perc eived feasibility and partially support their impact on students' perceived desirabi lity. These remarkable findings have significant practical and academic im plications for policymakers and entrepreneurial education, such as how to di rect the use of new and popular communication and Internet technologies to foster entrepreneurship among the youth.
Turkish Early Childhood Educators’ Perceptions of Child Development and Education in the Preschool Years

 Considering the importance of how perceptions of teachers affect their practice in early childhood education, the purpose of the current study was to examine how teachers perceive children’s developmental and educational experiences in relation to children’s learning outcomes perceived by teachers. We recruited 219 preschool teachers (90.9% are female) from different regions of Turkey via an online survey. Teachers’ age ranged from 20 to 53 years old (Mean [ M ] = 27.83, standard deviation [ SD ] = 5.66) and 57.5% of them were single. Average teaching experience was 4.62 years ( SD = 4.85), which ranged from one to 31 years. Teachers reported on their perceptions of the importance given to children’s developmental and educational experiences, and children’s learning outcomes. Results from canonical correlations showed that the importance given to educational and developmental experiences of children, and the importance to children’s learning outcomes were significantly associated. Further, the importance of the current findings in early childhood education is discussed.
The problem of conflicting social spheres: effects of network structure on experienced tension in social network sites

We propose that a fundamental property of human psychology, the need to maintain independent social spheres, imposes constraints on the use of social network sites (SNS). We particularly focus on the consequences of visibility of communications across social spheres, and we hypothesize that technological features of SNS may bring social spheres in conflict, thus leading to increased levels of online social tension. A survey study among Facebook users was conducted to test this hypothesis. Results showed that diversity of the Facebook network predicted online tension. Moreover, the number of kin in a Facebook network was a crucial component because it predicted online tension whereas number of work and social contacts did not. Further, evidence was found to support the idea that tension might impose an upper limit on network size. We conclude with a discussion of these findings and describe how they support the thrust of recent modifications to SNS designs.
An overview of scheduling algorithms in MIMO-based fourth-generation wireless systems

In this article an overview of the scheduling algorithms proposed for fourth-generation multiuser wireless networks based on multiple-input multiple-output technology is presented. In MIMO systems a multi-user diversity gain can be extracted by tracking the channel fluctuations between each user and the base station, and scheduling transmission for the "best" user. Based on this idea, several opportunistic scheduling schemes that attempt to improve global capacity or satisfy users with different QoS requirements have been proposed. Transmit beamforming procedures aimed at increasing the channel fluctuations have been proposed. The simultaneous exploitation of both spatial and multi-user diversity is not straightforward; however, it may be achieved by a refined selection of the "best" user. In addition, a multiple access gain can be obtained from a simple SDMA/TOMA system. Finally, several resource allocation schemes are discussed for this hybrid multiple access system.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interactions: the Impact on the Term Structure of Interest Rates

In this paper I consider a General Equilibrium framework to evaluate the role and the importance of the interactions between Monetary and Fiscal policies in the sense outlined by Leeper (1991) and the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level, in the determination of nominal and real term structure. The main results show that the term structure will depend not only upon monetary and technological factors - as in the traditional models - but also upon the fiscal policy reaction function parameters. This aspect is very useful in explaining the recent experience of some countries, like Italy, whose term structure shifted down after the fiscal retrenchement imposed by Fiscal Rules of Maastricht Treaty. In this paper the term structure is derived by using a very general approach, starting from implicit assumptions on the driving stochastic processes of the model, rather than imposing a specific structure right from the beginning. The results are consistent with the more recent results outlined by Fiscal Theory of the Price Level and by monetary models of the term structure.