Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postnatal depression or perinatal dysphoria ? Findings from a longitudinal community-based study using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Abstract Postnatal depression is a label which will quickly be applied to any unhappywoman who has recently had a baby. However, both of these terms: postnatal and depression, place constraints on the ways that we think about and research this phenomenon that may not, in fact, be helpful. The term postnatal, for example, implies that we are considering a phenomenon that develops after the birth. As a result the majority of studies have only recruited subjects postnatally, and have therefore reinforced this assumption by failing to observe that some women were already unhappy before delivery. However, studies have shown that rates of depression in pregnancy are at least as high as those typically reported afterwards. Depression is a concept that forces us into dichotomies, whereas women who are not clinically depressed span a continuum from the euphoric to the very miserable. Pre- and postnatal scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) are presented from 1272 women. These show, firstly, tha.
Constraints of Second-Order Vanishing Moments on Lattice Structures for Non-separable Orthogonal Symmetric Wavelets

In this paper, a design method of two-dimensional (2-D) orthogonal symmetric wavelets is proposed by using a lattice structure for multi-dimensional (M-D) linear-phase paraunitary filter banks (LPPUFB), which the authors have proposed as a previous work and then modified by Lu Gan et al. The derivation process for the constraints on the second-order vanishing moments is shown and some design examples obtained through optimization with the constraints are exemplified. In order to verify the significance of the constraints, some experimental results are shown for Lena and Barbara image.
College Students’ Attitude Toward and Learning of Differentiated Instruction in Products

Teachers should adjust their curriculum and instructional practice to meet the needs of individual learners, because one size does not fit all (Kaplan, Rogers, W Tomlinson, 2003). This study focuses on the implementation of differentiated instruction in products, “tiered assignments,” in a Children’s English class in a teacher education program in Taiwan. The study concludes that 52 college students held a positive attitude toward these tiered assignments and that they learned theories and instructional strategies not only from lectures and tasks in the university classes but also from completing different choices. Another important finding is that participants’ choice of completing these assignments is based on the level of easy of the assignments. Two suggestions are made to effectively implement differentiated instruction in products in teacher education programs in terms of explicitly modeling and explaining differentiated instruction in products and designing tiered assignments based on the levels of challenge as well as learners’ readiness, interests and profiles.
Change in the field—changing the field: Bourdieu and the methodological practice of educational research

Bourdieu's social theory offers a way of understanding some of the most important features of the field of educational research, while also providing educational researchers with a rich conceptual apparatus for their practice. This article addresses both of these methodological themes and the connections between them. We begin by outlining some key trends in educational research, mainly in Britain, over recent decades in terms of Bourdieu's Field Theory. Special attention is given to the relative positioning of researchers and the formation of an ‘avant‐garde’. We refer to the impact of educational policy and attacks on educational research, with attendant effects on the field, and on the formation and legitimacy of knowledge about educational processes. This analysis is followed by an example taken from a contemporary research project in which principles derived from Bourdieu's approach have been adopted in framing methodology. We give particular attention to the terms of the programme in which the project forms a part, and key aspects of it such as ‘user engagement’. Both methodological justifications and consequences are discussed, as well as tensions with dominant expectations of research processes and outcomes. Finally, we argue that, following Bourdieu's own public strategies of sociopolitical action, educational research methodology that is radically reflexive has the capacity to found a critically effective discourse with practical consequences.
Experimental and predicted TCF and SAW parameters on LGT [0/spl deg/ 132/spl deg/ /spl Psi/] substrates

The recent investigations of LGT have shown that it has several attractive properties in comparison to quartz, such as higher electromechanical coupling, lower phase velocity and possibility of operating at higher temperatures. It has been previously shown that LGT with Euler angles (0 o , 132 o , 31 o ) has a turnover temperature of approximately 135 o C (1), which is a desirable property for devices working at relatively high temperatures, such as sensors. In this work, characterization of the LGT (0 o 132 o ψ) was performed, versus propagation angle and electrode metallization, to explore its use at elevated operating temperatures. Theoretical predictions of LGT SAW temperature behavior have been previously made from extracted temperature coefficient constants made around room temperature. In this work, scattering parameters are measured over temperature utilizing on wafer RF probing. The temperature fractional frequency variation (∆f/fo) and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF), power flow angle, coupling and velocity for various propagation angles of LGT on the plane with Euler angles (0 o , 132 o , Ψ) are presented. The results show a fairly large variation of turnover temperature, in the range of 70 o C to 200 o C, as well as variation of other important SAW parameters. Finally, several SAW resonators were analyzed and designed using the extracted SAW material parameters in a COM model. A comparison of the predicted and measured device performance is made and shows good correlation. Three different types of metallization were used in SAW resonators: (1) regular Al electrodes; (2) the sandwiched metal layered type, which includes titanium, copper, aluminum and gold; and (3) platinum over zirconium. Measured results of the various devices and parameters will be presented and compared to predictions.
Comparison of MGIT 960 & pyrazinamidase activity assay for pyrazinamide susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Pyrazinamide is an important front line antimycobacterial drug, which is also being used in the treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis along with second line drugs in DOTS plus programme. Conventional testing of pyrazinamide on solid medium is difficult as it is active at acidic pH. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and simple method for susceptibility testing of pyrazinamide. This study was carried out to compare pyrazinamide susceptibility testing by MGIT 960 and two rapid pyrazinamidase activity tests. METHODS Pyrazinamide susceptibility was tested in 136 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by MGIT 960 and pyrazinamidase activity was tested by classical Wayne's method and modified PZase agar method. RESULTS There was 88.9 per cent concordance between MGIT 960 and classical Wayne's method and 93.38 per cent with modified method for pyrazinamidase activity. Using MGIT 960 results as gold standard the sensitivity and specificity of Wayne's method was 88.15 and 90 per cent respectively and that of modified method was 89.4 and 98.3 per cent. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the modified pyrazinamidase activity test can be used as a screening test to detect resistance to pyrazinamide specially in resource limited settings but confirmation of susceptibility should be done by standard methods like MGIT 960.
Health professionals need more information on vertical transmission of HIV

EDITOR—I agree with Nicoll et al that breast feeding is a significant factor in the vertical transmission of HIV.1 It is therefore worrying that Whittet et al found that 9% of general practitioners in Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham responding to a questionnaire thought that breast feeding should be actively encouraged in women who are HIV positive, and 17% did not know what advice to give.2 It would be interesting to conduct similar research among midwives and health visitors, …
Association of Balance, Strength, and Power Measures in Young Adults

Abstract Muehlbauer, T, Gollhofer, A, and Granacher, U. Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 582–589, 2013—The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power. Twenty-seven young healthy adults (mean age: 23 ± 4 years) performed measurements of static (unperturbed)/dynamic (perturbed) balance, isometric strength (i.e., maximal isometric torque [MIT]; rate of torque development [RTD] of the plantar flexor), and power (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height and power). No significant associations were found between variables of static and dynamic balance (r = −0.090 to +0.329, p > 0.05) and between measures of static/dynamic balance and isometric strength (r = +0.041 to +0.387, p > 0.05) and static/dynamic balance and power (r = −0.076 to +0.218, p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations (r) were detected between variables of power and isometric strength ranging from +0.458 to +0.689 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, simple regression analyses revealed that a 10% increase in mean CMJ height (4.1 cm) was associated with 22.9 N·m and 128.4 N·m·s−1 better MIT and RTD, respectively. The nonsignificant correlation between static and dynamic balance measures and between static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power variables implies that these capacities may be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
The Three-Dimensional Bin Packing Problem

The problem addressed in this paper is that of orthogonally packing a given set of rectangular-shaped items into the minimum number of three-dimensional rectangular bins. The problem is strongly NP-hard and extremely difficult to solve in practice. Lower bounds are discussed, and it is proved that the asymptotic worst-case performance ratio of the continuous lower bound is ? An exact algorithm for filling a single bin is developed, leading to the definition of an exact branch-and-bound algorithm for the three-dimensional bin packing problem, which also incorporates original approximation algorithms. Extensive computational results, involving instances with up to 90 items, are presented: It is shown that many instances can be solved to optimality within a reasonable time limit.
Agar culture studies in 127 cases of untreated acute leukemia: the prognostic value of reclassification of leukemia according to in vitro growth characteristics.

Agar culture of marrow and blood from 127 cases of acute leukemia (including 108 cases of myeloid leukemia and variants) has revealed a spectrum of abnormalities. The observations of deranged proliferation and maturation of granulocyte—macrophage progenitor cells (in vitro CFC), together with abnormalities in CFC buoyant density, was of considerable diagnostic value. The morphologic, hematologic, and cytogenetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia did not correlate with heterogeneity of in vitro growth parameters, and grouping of patients by conventional hematologic parameters was of no value in predicting response to therapy. Indeed, the age of the patient was the only significant conventional parameter which influenced remission rate. By in vitro criteria, increase in the number of CFC of abnormally light buoyant density and high in vitro "plating efficiency" of the leukemic blast cells adversely affected remission probability. Reclassification of acute myeloid leukemia by in vitro growth pattern was of greatest prognostic value, and four main growth patterns were recognized: (1) colony forming, (2) large cluster forming (maximum cluster size, 40 cells), (3) small cluster forming (maximum cluster size, 20 cells), and (4) nongrowing. Highly significant differences in remission rate were observed in the different growth types. All cases of AML could be divided on the basis of growth pattern into a good prognosis group of 66 patients with a remission rate of 52% and a poor prognosis group of 42 cases with a 10% remission. The influence of age was evident in both groups, and of 30 patients less than 40 yr of age, remission in the favorable prognosis group was 91% and in the poor prognosis group only 14%. The ability to detect, at first diagnosis, a substantial number of patients whose disease is resistant to present therapeutic protocols could lead to application of alternative forms of therapy that may improve prognosis in this category.
Factorial HMMs for acoustic modeling

In the machine learning research field several extensions of hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been proposed. In this paper we study their possibilities and potential benefits for the field of acoustic modeling. We describe preliminary experiments using an alternative modeling approach known as factorial hidden Markov models (FHMMs). We present these models as extensions of HMMs and detail a modification to the original formulation which seems to allow a more natural fit to speech. We present experimental results on the phonetically balanced TIMIT database comparing the performance of FHMMs with HMMs. We also study alternative feature representations that might be more suited to FHMMs.
Compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: deviations and possible improvements.

BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist time-out reduces communication failures and medical complications and supports development of better safety attitudes. Previous research also indicates that different values can affect the implementation of interventions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the actual usage of the checklist in practice and to catalogue deviations for the purpose of identifying improvements. DESIGN Twenty-four surgical procedures were video recorded. The time-out was analysed quantitatively assessing compliance with a predefined observational protocol based on the checklist and qualitatively to describe reasons for non-compliance. SETTING The operating unit of a Swedish county hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Compliance with checklist items and the participation of different personnel groups. Activities were conducted during the time-out. RESULTS Highest compliance was associated with patient ID, type of procedure and antibiotics; the worst with site of incision, theatre nurse team reviews and imaging information. Team member introductions occurred in half of the operations. Surgeons and the anaesthesia team dominated the time-out. CONCLUSION The checklist is not always applied as intended. The components that facilitate communication are often neglected. The time-out does not appear to be conducted as a team effort. It is plausible that the personnel's conception of risk and the perceived importance of different checklist items are factors that influence checklist usage. To improve compliance and involve the whole team, the concept of risk and the perceived relevance of checklist items for all team members should be addressed.
Use of 1-RM Test in the Measurement of Knee Flexors and Extensors Ratio in Young Adults

Strength ratio between agonist and antagonist muscles provides significant information about muscular equilibrium, which helps to detect musculoskeletal changes and to guide preventive and rehabilitation programs. Isokinetic dynamometry provides reliable values for muscle torque and subsequently on the force ratio between knee flexors and extensors. However, this method is not clinically accessible. A possible alternative to evaluate this force is the One-Repetition Maximum test (One-Rep Max or just 1-RM), which is the most commonly used test for dynamic force assessment. However, there is no report in the literature of the use of 1-RM test for the quantification of knee flexors and extensors ratio. For this reason, the objective of this study was to use the 1-RM test to measure the ratio between knee extensors and flexors in young adults in order to find reference values. The studied sample was composed of 80 young adults (40 men and 40 women), mean age of 22.21 (±3.58) years with no musculoskeletal injuries. They were submitted to the following procedure: IPAQ-short version, weighing and prognostic of 1-RM, warm-up, and unilateral 1-RM test (at the flexor and extensor machine). After the test application, the data were analyzed and the mean values for the ratio between agonist/antagonist found were 52.34% (±9.72) for men and 43.19% (±5.82) for women (which were significantly different between groups). The values found in the present study may be used as reference for asymptomatic individuals with similar age.
Lithium Maintenance: 2. Effects of Personality and Attitude on Health Information Acquisition and Compliance

During a controlled education programme, the medication compliance of 60 attenders at a lithium clinic was tested using reported tablet omissions and intra-erythrocytic lithium levels. Both measures improved, along with patients' knowledge and attitude. These effects were examined and related to aspects of obsessional trait and health locus of control.
Leading learning in the self-evaluating school

Governments around the world have adopted school self-evaluation as an essential corollary to the local management of schools. Typically this has been accompanied by prescribed frameworks, indicators and scoring systems, tending to promote a form of ritual self-inspection rather than an ongoing and dynamic process of self-evaluation. It is argued that these have derived more from an accountability imperative than an improvement motive and as such have tended to disempower rather than empower schools. This article examines the inherent tensions between external accountability and internally driven school improvement. The example of Hong Kong's new relationship with schools is used to illustrate how those issues play out in the implementation of large-scale reform, drawing parallels and contrasts with Ofsted's New Relationship with Schools in England. The responsiveness of Hong Kong's Education Development Bureau to evidence from independent research carries lessons for other countries in which such evidence has been ignored or marginalised by policy-makers. It is, in many respects, an exemplary case study of change management.
Detecting Alu insertions from high-throughput sequencing data

High-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed for the cataloguing of variation in personal human genomes. In this manuscript, we present alu-detect, a tool that combines read-pair and split-read information to detect novel Alus and their precise breakpoints directly from either whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing data while also identifying insertions directly in the vicinity of existing Alus. To set the parameters of our method, we use simulation of a faux reference, which allows us to compute the precision and recall of various parameter settings using real sequencing data. Applying our method to 100 bp paired Illumina data from seven individuals, including two trios, we detected on average 1519 novel Alus per sample. Based on the faux-reference simulation, we estimate that our method has 97% precision and 85% recall. We identify 808 novel Alus not previously described in other studies. We also demonstrate the use of alu-detect to study the local sequence and global location preferences for novel Alu insertions.
History of parental death from stroke or heart trouble and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a history of parental death from stroke or heart trouble on the risk of major stroke events (fatal and nonfatal) in middle-aged British men. METHODS A prospective study was undertaken of 7735 middle-aged men, drawn at random from general practices in 24 British towns, who were followed up for an average of 14.8 (range, 13.5 to 16.0) years. RESULTS In the 7683 men providing information on at least one of their parents, there were 278 major stroke events and 947 major ischemic heart disease events. A history of death from stroke or heart trouble in mother or father was associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke independent of other risk factors, including hypertension. The association is due almost entirely to an increased risk of nonfatal stroke. In comparison with men whose parents were still alive or who had no history of parental death from either heart trouble or stroke, the adjusted relative risk of stroke in men with a history of parental stroke death was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.0; P = .02), and in men with parental heart trouble death, the relative risk was 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.7; P = .04). The positive relationships were present whether the parental death occurred before or after 70 years of age. A parental death from stroke was not associated with increased risk of an ischemic heart disease event, although the latter was significantly associated with a history of parental death from heart trouble. CONCLUSIONS Although factors such as hypertension and smoking are of major importance in the etiology of stroke, there is a link between a history of parental death from cardiovascular disease (stroke or heart trouble) and the risk of stroke that appears to be independent of the established risk factors.
On Convergence of the Additive Schwarz Preconditioned Inexact Newton Method

The additive Schwarz preconditioned inexact Newton (ASPIN) method was recently introduced [X. -C. Cai and D. E. \ Keyes, {\it SIAM J. Sci.\ Comput. }, 24 (2002), pp. 183--200] to solve the systems of nonlinear equations with nonbalanced nonlinearities. Although the ASPIN method has successfully been used to solve some difficult nonlinear equations, its convergence property has not been studied since it was proposed. In this paper, the convergence property of the ASPIN method is studied, and the obtained result shows that this method is locally convergent. Furthermore, the convergence rate for the ASPIN method is discussed and the obtained result is similar to that of the inexact Newton method.
Coping and learned helplessness: Effects of coping strategies on performance following unsolvable problems

The current study assesses the effects of individuals' coping strategies for dealing with stress on cognitive performance following unsolvable problems. In this study, subjects responded to a questionnaire tapping the use of problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping strategies in dealing with failure in achievement settings. Then they were exposed to either no‐feedback or failure in four unsolvable problems. Upon completing these problems, subjects performed a visual search task with a memory component. Results showed that failure, as compared with no‐feedback, produced performance deficits among subjects who habitually relied on a single coping strategy, either problem‐ or emotion‐focused, and among subjects who did not rely on any coping response. Only subjects who relied on both problem‐focused and emotion‐focused strategies did not show any performance deficit following unsolvable problems. The results are discussed in terms of Lazarus and Folkman's stress‐coping model.