Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical-epidemiological evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children attended in a public hospital in midwestern Brazil.

UNLABELLED Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for annual respiratory infection outbreaks in infants and young children worldwide, frequently causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. We evaluated clinical and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children less than five years old. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children with ARI symptoms, attended at the 'Hospital das Clínicas'--Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil, were collected and tested for RSV by the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Patients' clinical and epidemiological data were also obtained. From April 2000 to June 2003, 317 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children less than 54 months old. Seventy-six samples (24.0%) were positive for RSV, with 53% (40/76) obtained from male patients. Hospitalization occurred in 50% (38/76) of the cases, with an average period of 10.6 days, in most cases (87%, 33/38) occurring in children less than 12 months of age. Although an association between this age group and the presentation of more severe clinical symptoms was observed, such as bronchiolitis in 51% (27/53) of the patients and pneumonia in 19% (10/53), no patients died. RSV was found from February to August, with the highest incidence in May. CONCLUSIONS RSV is an important agent that causes ARIs; the clinical manifestations varied from mild to severe and patients frequently required hospitalization; RSV mostly affected children less than one year old.
Neural predictors of motor control and impact of visuo‐proprioceptive information in youth

For successful motor control, the central nervous system is required to combine information from the environment and the current body state, which is provided by vision and proprioception respectively. We investigated the relative contribution of visual and proprioceptive information to upper limb motor control and the extent to which structural brain measures predict this performance in youth (n = 40; age range 9–18 years). Participants performed a manual tracking task, adopting in‐phase and anti‐phase coordination modes. Results showed that, in contrast to older participants, younger participants performed the task with lower accuracy in general and poorer performance in anti‐phase than in‐phase modes. However, a proprioceptive advantage was found at all ages, that is, tracking accuracy was higher when proprioceptive information was available during both in‐ and anti‐phase modes at all ages. The microstructural organization of interhemispheric connections between homologous dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the cortical thickness of the primary motor cortex were associated with sensory‐specific accuracy of tracking performance. Overall, the findings suggest that manual tracking performance in youth does not only rely on brain regions involved in sensorimotor processing, but also on prefrontal regions involved in attention and working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5628–5647, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of treatment retention among homeless men with substance use disorders

PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT RETENTION AMONG HOMELESS MEN WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Walter Matthew Drymalski, B.A., M.A Marquette University, 2010 Homelessness is a significant problem in the United States. Recent estimates suggest that nearly three million people experience homelessness over the course of a year. Further, the rates of substance abuse are considerably higher among the homeless than in the general population. Substance abuse treatment has been found to be effective in reducing substance use among those persons with substance use disorders, as well as ameliorating other consequences of substance abuse (e.g., reducing rates of crime associated with substance abuse and dependence). One of the more robust predictors of positive outcomes for substance abuse treatment is retention, which is defined as the length of time clients remain in treatment. However, while a considerable amount of research has been conducted regarding what predicts retention among non-homeless persons with substance use disorders, less is known about what predicts retention among homeless persons with substance use disorders. The following study was conducted to determine if a set of pre-treatment biopsychosocial variables could effectively predict retention among a cohort of homeless men with substance use disorders who were seeking treatment in a substance abuse clinic, which was located in a homeless shelter for men. Path analysis was used to compare two predictive models of retention. The results indicated that both models represented an adequate fit to the data, though each model explained approximately 15% of the variance in retention. In both models, initial severity of biopsychosocial issues and perceived consequences of substance abuse did appear to predict higher motivation for treatment, which itself appeared to predict greater length of time in treatment. However, nearly 85% of the variance in retention was not explained by either model. This suggests that the factors that lead homeless individuals to remain in substance abuse treatment over the long-term may be better accounted for by variables not in the model, such as during treatment “process factors,” rather than pre-treatment factors. Study implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Examining the impact of the cultivation of presence on autonomy

Paradoxes, such as the co-existence of stability and continual change, are characteristic of a complex organization. The ability to adapt to change is a vital trait that leaders must acquire to embrace and integrate organizational paradoxes. The autonomous person is one who is best able to adapt to change. The cultivation of presence (CP) is an approach to developing autonomy that holds great promise in facilitating change. The central purpose of this research was to determine if CP was positively related to the fulfillment of the basic psychological need for autonomy. The study involved 14 alumni from graduate degree programs that taught CP skills within the context of a personal development group (lab or practicum). Participants were surveyed to determine whether changes in their level of awareness corresponded with changes in their level of autonomy. Six participants also were interviewed to determine if their ability to use CP skills positively related to their development of enhanced awareness, an indispensible characteristic of autonomy. This research provided some evidence to support the belief that an individual’s level of autonomy is the result of changes in the level of awareness. Furthermore, this study provided some substantiation that CP is a viable means of enhancing awareness. This finding, along with literature , suggested that awareness contributes to autonomy and offers some support for the hypothesis that CP is positively related to the fulfillment of the basis psychological need for autonomy. viewed vital The CP approach can be useful to practitioners CP can used training efforts (e.g., learning facilitates the development autonomy, enabling leaders to embrace change and integrate paradoxes in complex lower The highest hierarchical
The Use of Reliever Medication in Asthma: The Role of Negative Mood and Symptom Reports

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between negative mood, the reporting of asthma symptoms, and the use of short-acting bronchodilators (reliever medication). Forty-two adult asthma patients completed a daily questionnaire over 7 consecutive days. The questionnaire measured negative mood and the number of symptoms patients associated with their asthma. The symptoms included those typical of asthma, as well as nonspecific somatic and distress symptoms. Subjects were also asked to record their daily use of reliever medication and their peak flow values. Data analysis demonstrated that even when controlling for lung function, both asthma symptom labeling and negative mood were related to reliever use. A mediation model suggested that negative mood leads patients to associate a wide range of nonspecific symptoms with their asthma, thereby altering the perception of the severity of the asthma, which in turn influences their use of reliever medication. The results of this study are discussed in relation to asthma self-management strategies.
Reading the Recent Monetary History of the U.S., 1959-2007

In this paper we report the results of the estimation of a rich dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of the U.S. economy with both stochastic volatility and parameter drifting in the Taylor rule. We use the results of this estimation to examine the recent monetary history of the U.S. and to interpret, through this lens, the sources of the rise and fall of the great American inflation from the late 1960s to the early 1980s and of the great moderation of business cycle fluctuations between 1984 and 2007. Our main findings are that while there is strong evidence of changes in monetary policy during Volcker's tenure at the Fed, those changes contributed little to the great moderation. Instead, changes in the volatility of structural shocks account for most of it. Also, while we find that monetary policy was different under Volcker, we do not find much evidence of a big difference in monetary policy among Burns, Miller, and Greenspan. The difference in aggregate outcomes across these periods is attributed to the time-varying volatility of shocks. The history for inflation is more nuanced, as a more vigorous stand against it would have reduced inflation in the 1970s, but not completely eliminated it. In addition, we find that volatile shocks (especially those related to aggregate demand) were important contributors to the great American inflation.
Effects of cis and trans Genetic Ancestry on Gene Expression in African Americans

Variation in gene expression is a fundamental aspect of human phenotypic variation. Several recent studies have analyzed gene expression levels in populations of different continental ancestry and reported population differences at a large number of genes. However, these differences could largely be due to non-genetic (e.g., environmental) effects. Here, we analyze gene expression levels in African American cell lines, which differ from previously analyzed cell lines in that individuals from this population inherit variable proportions of two continental ancestries. We first relate gene expression levels in individual African Americans to their genome-wide proportion of European ancestry. The results provide strong evidence of a genetic contribution to expression differences between European and African populations, validating previous findings. Second, we infer local ancestry (0, 1, or 2 European chromosomes) at each location in the genome and investigate the effects of ancestry proximal to the expressed gene (cis) versus ancestry elsewhere in the genome (trans). Both effects are highly significant, and we estimate that 12±3% of all heritable variation in human gene expression is due to cis variants.
Development of wideband radio channel measurement and modeling techniques for future radio systems

This thesis discusses the development of micro-and millimeterwave wideband radio channel measurement and modeling techniques for future radio networks. Characterization of the radio channel is needed for radio system, wireless network, and antenna design. A radio channel measurement system was designed for 2.154, 5.3 GHz and 60 GHz center frequencies, and completed at the two lower frequencies. The sounder uses a pseudonoise code in the transmitter. In the receiver, first a sliding correlator, and later direct digital sampling, where the impulse response is detected by digital post processing, were realized. Certain implementation questions, like link budget, effects of phase noise on impulse response and direction of arrival estimation, and achievable performance using the designed concept, are discussed. Measurement campaigns included in this thesis were realized at 5.3 GHz frequency in micro-and picocells. A comprehensive measurement campaign performed inside different buildings was thoroughly analyzed. Propagation mechanisms were studied and empirical models for both large scale fading and multipath propagation were developed. Propagation through walls, diffraction through doorways, and propagation paths outside the building were observed. Pathloss in LOS was lower than the free space pathloss, due to wave guiding effects. In NLOS situation difference in the pathloss models in different buildings was significant. Behavior of the spatial diversity was estimated on the basis of spatial correlation functions extracted from the measurement data; an antenna separation of a fraction of a wavelength gives sufficient de-correlation for significant diversity gain in indoor environments at 5.3 GHz in NLOS.
Thickness Scaling and Reliability Comparison for the Inter-Poly High- $\kappa$ Dielectrics

In this letter, the inter-poly dielectric (IPD) thickness, scaling, and reliability characteristics of Al2O3 and HfO2 IPDs are studied, which are then compared with conventional oxide/nitride/oxide (ONO) IPD. Regardless of deposition tools, drastic leakage current reduction and reliability improvement have been demonstrated by replacing ONO IPD with high-permittivity (high-kappa) IPDs, which is suitable for mass production applications in the future. Moreover, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) can be used to further promote dielectric reliability when compared to reactive-sputtering deposition. By using the MOCVD, the charge-to-breakdown (QBD) can be significantly improved, in addition to enhanced breakdown voltage and effective breakdown field. Our results clearly demonstrate that high- IPD, particularly deposited by MOCVD, possesses great potential for next-generation stacked-gate Flash memories.
ASPERGER'S SYNDROME AND AUTISM: COMPARISON OF EARLY HISTORY AND OUTCOME

The authors compared children with Asperger syndrome (AS) with high‐functioning autistic children and psychiatric outpatient controls on measures of early history and outcome. In terms of their early history, the autistic probands showed more social impairment, a higher frequency of echolalia and pronoun reversal, and a more restricted range of activities than the AS group. Cluster analysis suggested refinements to the diagnostic criteria, which resulted in larger differences between the groups on these early history measures. In terms of their outcome, the autistic probands spent more time in special education classes but developed fewer accessory psychiatric symptoms than the AS children. It was clear, however, that there were no substantive, qualitative differences between the AS and autistic groups, indicating that AS should be considered a mild form of high‐functioning autism. The inclusion of AS among the autistic spectrum of disorders has implications both for aetiological studies and for prevalence estimates of the pervasive developmental disorders.
Impact of metabolism and growth phase on the hydrogen isotopic composition of microbial fatty acids

Microorganisms are involved in all elemental cycles and therefore it is important to study their metabolism in the natural environment. A recent technique to investigate this is the hydrogen isotopic composition of microbial fatty acids, i.e., heterotrophic microorganisms produce fatty acids enriched in deuterium (D) while photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic microorganisms produce fatty acids depleted in D compared to the water in the culture medium (growth water). However, the impact of factors other than metabolism have not been investigated. Here, we evaluate the impact of growth phase compared to metabolism on the hydrogen isotopic composition of fatty acids of different environmentally relevant microorganisms with heterotrophic, photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic metabolisms. Fatty acids produced by heterotrophs are enriched in D compared to growth water with εlipid/water between 82 and 359‰ when grown on glucose or acetate, respectively. Photoautotrophs (εlipid/water between −149 and −264‰) and chemoautotrophs (εlipid/water between −217 and −275‰) produce fatty acids depleted in D. Fatty acids become, in general, enriched by between 4 and 46‰ with growth phase which is minor compared to the influence of metabolisms. Therefore, the D/H ratio of fatty acids is a promising tool to investigate community metabolisms in nature.
Mycotoxins in corn and wheat silage in Israel

Silage is an important feed source for intensive dairy herds worldwide. Fungal growth and mycotoxin production before and during silage storage is a well-known phenomenon, resulting in reduced nutritional value and a possible risk factor for animal health. With this in mind, a survey was conducted to determine for the first time the occurrence of mycotoxins in corn and wheat silage in Israel. A total of 30 corn and wheat silage samples were collected from many sources and analysed using a multi-mycotoxin method based on LC-MS/MS. Most mycotoxins recorded in the present study have not been reported before in Israel. Overall, 23 mycotoxins were found in corn silage; while wheat silage showed a similar pattern of mycotoxin occurrence comprising 20 mycotoxins. The most common post-harvest mycotoxins produced by the Penicillium roqueforti complex were not found in any tested samples, indicative of high-quality preparation and use of silage. Moreover, none of the European Union-regulated mycotoxins – aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol – were found above their limits of detection (LODs). The Alternaria mycotoxins – macrosporin, tentoxin and alternariol methyl ether – were highly prevalent in both corn and wheat silage (>80%), but at low concentrations. The most prominent (>80%) Fusarium mycotoxins in corn silage were fusaric acid, fumonisins, beauvericin, monilifomin, equisetin, zearalenone and enniatins, whereas in wheat silage only beauvericin, zearalenone and enniatins occurred in more than 80% of the samples. The high prevalence and concentration of fusaric acid (mean = 765 µg kg–1) in Israeli corn silage indicates that this may be the toxin of highest potential concern to dairy cow performance. However, more data from different harvest years and seasons are needed in order to establish a more precise evaluation of the mycotoxin burden in Israeli silage.
Building Empirical Software Engineering Bodies of Knowledge with Systematic Knowledge Engineering

[Context] Empirical software engineering (EMSE) researchers conduct systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to build bodies of knowledge (BoKs). Unfortunately, valuable knowledge collected in the SLR process is publicly available only to a limited extent, which considerably slows down building BoKs incrementally. [Objective] In this paper, we introduce the Systematic Knowledge Engineering (SKE) process to support building up BoKs from empirical studies efficiently. [Method] SKE is based on the SLR process and on Knowledge Engineering (KE) practices to provide a Knowledge Base (KB) with semantic technologies that enable reusing intermediate data extraction results and querying of empirical evidence. We evaluated SKE by building a software inspection EMSE BoK KB from knowledge acquired by controlled experiments. We elicited relevant queries from EMSE researchers and systematically integrated information from 30 representative research papers into the KB. [Results] The resulting KB was effective in answering the queries, enabling knowledge reuse for analyses beyond the results from the SLR process. [Conclusion] SKE showed promising results in the software inspection context and should be evaluated in other contexts for building EMSE BoKs faster. Keywords-Empirical software engineering, systematic knowledge engineering, systematic review, software inspection.
Sensitivity of calcium efflux from squid axons to changes in membrane potential

Squid giant axons were internally dialyzed with a medium free of metabolic substrates but containing 45Ca buffered with EGTA to concentrations of free Ca++ in the range 0.01-230 muM. At (Ca)i of 1.0 muM OR GREATER, Ca efflux was in the range of 1-3 pmol/cm2 s, was dependent on (Na)o and (Ca)o, and was sensitive to membrane potential. At lower (Ca)i, the sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was greater. Hyperpolarization of the membrane increased, and depolarization decreased Ca efflux over the range of potentials studied (-20 to -100 mV). The maximum sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was of the order of an e-fold increase in Ca efflux for a 25- mV increase in Em; this sensitivity of Ca efflux to membrane potential was lost if (Na)o was removed and was greatly reduced when (Ca)i was increased to 230 muM.
Protein and hematological evaluations of infant formulated from cooking banana fruits (Musa spp, ABB genome) and fermented bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) seeds

Protein-energy malnutrition is regarded as one of the public health problems in developing countries as a result of poor feeding practices due to poverty. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating nutritional quality of a potential weaning food formulated from locally available food materials. The cooking banana fruit (CB) and bambara groundnut seeds (BG) were purchased from local market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The CB and BG were processed into flours, mixed in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 and subjected into proximate, sensory and biochemical analyses using standard procedures. Nutrend (a commercial formula) and ogi (corn gruel, a traditional weaning food) were used as control. The nutritient composition (g/100 g) of the food samples were ranged as follows: moisture 2.94-6.94, protein 7.02-16.0, ash 1.76-2.99, fat 0.76-8.45, fibre 1.52-3.75, carbohydrate 63.84-88.43 and energy 1569.8-1665.7 kcal. The biological value (BV), net protein retention (NPR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the experimental food samples were significantly (p<0.05) lower than nutrend, but higher than ogi. The haematological variables of rats fed with formulated food samples, commercial formula (nutrend) and traditional weaning food (ogi) were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. However, the values obtained for red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), pack cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were higher in the experimental food samples than the commercial food. The growth rate of animals fed with experimental food samples were lower than those fed with the nutrend, but higher than those fed with ogi. In conclusion, the nutritional quality of CB and fermented BG mix of 60:40 ratio was better than ogi; and comparable to the nutrend. This implies that it can be used to replace low quality traditional weaning food and the expensive commercial weaning formula.
The Unique Psychological Meanings of Multidimensional Fears of Failing

The multidimensional, hierarchical model of fear of failure (FF) has gained popularity in sport; however, the unique meaning of lower-order fears of failing in previous research may have been obscured by the hierarchical structure of the model. The present research aimed to establish the unique psychological meaning of lower-order fears of failing. Samples of recreational athletes (N = 440) and female varsity intercollegiate track and field athletes (N = 71) completed measures of multidimensional fears of failing, self-talk while failing, 2 × 2 achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Partial correlation analyses revealed unique patterns of relationships for each lower-order FF score with the external measures of self-talk, achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Fears of experiencing shame and embarrassment appeared to be at the heart of dysfunctional aspects of FF, whereas fears of having an uncertain future evidenced some uniquely adaptive components.