Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surviving the Gales of Creative Destruction: The Patterns of Innovative Activity in the Desktop Laser Printer Industry

In this paper, we examine the product life cycle in the desktop laser printer industry, from its inception in 1984 through 1996. During this time, the industry experienced a significant degree of innovation, as well as an enormous amount of product introduction and subsequent exit. The relative roles of market structure, innovation, and firm effects are explored in more detail using a multidimensional product space. We introduce a very detailed product-level dataset on the desktop laser printer industry. We have a number of findings: (1) product portfolios of firms are growing larger on average, as fewer firms offer more products; (2) products on the technological frontier have better survival prospects than printers behind the frontier; (3) product characteristics, such as page description language, speed, and resolution, have the largest effect on product survival rates; (4) awards granted to models and firms by leading PC publications have no effect on hazard rates of the current product portfolios of firms, but lead to much higher entry rates by the firm; and (5) while there are many similarities between dominant and fringe firms, differences in innovative and product life cycle behavior persist which is often overlooked in current studies of economic activity.
Comparative study of the mineral element and fatty acid composition of Dacryodes edulis pulp and seed.

2 Abstract: A comparative study was carried out on the mineral element composition and fatty acid content of Dacryodes edulis pulp and seed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatographic methods respectively. The mineral element composition of the pulp ranged from 3.88 ppm for manganese to 298.07 ppm for sodium while that of the seed is 0.18 ppm for zinc to 85.15 ppm for potassium. The result revealed that D. edulis pulp is by far richer in mineral element content than the seed with sodium being the most prevalent followed by magnesium and then potassium. Potassium was the most abundant in the seed followed by magnesium and then sodium. Fatty acid composition varied greatly between the pulp and the seeds. The pulp contains more of unsaturated fatty acid (69.88%) than the seeds (39.13%) which makes it more nutritionally interesting. The two oils however are rich in oleic and linoleic acid and they both contain two of the essential fatty acids; this is of nutritional importance. The seed oil contains C and C which are long chain fatty acids. 24:0 26:0 It also contains erucic acid; this is not found in the pulp oil. The saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of the pulp and the seed oils are 0.52% and 1.53% respectively.
Thematic Ideation – Antecedents and Consequences of Individuals’ Thematic Similarity Recognition

Work on thematic thinking, an individual's preference for basing decisions and cognitive processes on thematic similarity, has been developed recently. These preferences also build the basis for idea generation (thematic ideation) and evaluation processes. Research results indicate that there are inter‐individual differences in these preferences. We apply these findings from the field of cognition to the business context and theoretically develop and empirically test a set of antecedents and consequences of thematic thinking. Results indicate that experience and positive affect are positively related to thematic thinking. The consequences that were examined, adaptation and creativity, showed relations which were reverse to the ones hypothesized based on related prior literature. Counter‐intuitively, adaptation is positively related to thematic thinking, while creativity is negatively related. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications and highlight avenues for future research on thematic thinking.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual College Student Experiences: An Exploratory Study

The current status of higher education research on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students offers an incomplete picture of their overall college experiences. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected for the 2004 National Study of Living-Learning Programs. Data were collected from 34 universities in 24 states and the District of Columbia. The total sample selected included 71,728 students, of which 23,910 responded to the survey, resulting in a response rate of approximately 33.3%. The demographic characteristics of the sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual students were remarkably similar. The results of this exploratory study reveal a rich and multifaceted portrait of the LGB college experience. The results from this study indicate that lesbian and gay students perceive higher growth in critical thinking and liberal learning. of the presence of out LGB students. This study offers a rare glimpse into the overall college experience of lesbian, gay, and bisexual students, and it was made possible by including one question item about respondents' sexual orientation on a survey instrument for a national study.
Management of bipolar depression with lamotrigine: an antiepileptic mood stabilizer

The efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of focal epilepsies have already been reported in several case reports and open studies, which is thought to act by inhibiting glutamate release through voltage-sensitive sodium channels blockade and neuronal membrane stabilization. However, recent findings have also illustrated the importance of lamotrigine in alleviating the depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder, without causing mood destabilization or precipitating mania. Currently, no mood stabilizers are available having equal efficacy in the treatment of both mania and depression, two of which forms the extreme sides of the bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine, a well established anticonvulsant has received regulatory approval for the treatment and prevention of bipolar depression in more than 30 countries worldwide. Lamotrigine, acts through several molecular targets and overcomes the major limitation of other conventional antidepressants by stabilizing mood from “below baseline” thereby preventing switches to mania or episode acceleration, thus being effective for bipolar I disorder. Recent studies have also suggested that these observations could also be extended to patients with bipolar II disorder. Thus, lamotrigine may supposedly fulfill the unmet requirement for an effective depression mood stabilizer.
The PA-Gene-Mediated Lethal Dissemination and Excessive Innate Immune Response Contribute to the High Virulence of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Mice

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus remains a substantial threat to public health. To understand the molecular basis and host mechanism for the high virulence of H5N1 viruses in mammals, we compared two H5N1 isolates which have similar genetic backgrounds but greatly differ in their virulence in mice. A/Chicken/Jiangsu/k0402/2010 (CK10) is highly pathogenic, whereas A/Goose/Jiangsu/k0403/2010 (GS10) is nonpathogenic. We first showed that CK10 elicited a more potent innate immune response than did GS10 in mouse lungs by increasing the number and expression levels of activated genes. We then generated a series of reassortants between the two viruses and evaluated their virulence in mice. Inclusion of the CK10 PA gene in the GS10 background resulted in a dramatic increase in virulence. Conversely, expression of the GS10 PA gene in the CK10 background significantly attenuated the virulence. These results demonstrated that the PA gene mainly determines the pathogenicity discrepancy between CK10 and GS10 in mice. We further determined that arginine (R) at position 353 of the PA gene contributes to the high virulence of CK10 in mice. The reciprocal substitution at position 353 in PA or the exchange of the entire PA gene largely caused the transfer of viral phenotypes, including virus replication, polymerase activity, and manipulation of the innate response, between CK10 and GS10. We therefore defined a novel molecular marker associated with the high virulence of H5N1 influenza viruses, providing further insights into the pathogenesis of H5N1 viruses in mammals.
WEPP INTERNET INTERFACES FOR FOREST EROSION PREDICTION 1

ABSTRACT: The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a physically based erosion model for applications to dryland and irrigated agriculture, rangeland, and forests. U.S. Forest Service (USFS) experience showed that WEPP was not being adapted because of the difficulty in building files describing the input conditions in the existing interfaces. To address this difficulty, a suite of Internet interfaces with a database was developed to more easily predict soil erosion for a wide range of climatic and forest conditions, including roads, fires, and timber harvest. The database included a much larger climate database than was previously available for applications in remote forest and rangeland areas. Validation results showed reasonable agreement between erosion values reported in the literature and values predicted by the interfaces to the WEPP model.
The Relationship Between Subjective Well-Being and Vocational Personality Type

This study examined the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and Holland’s Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) model. It was hypothesized that individuals resembling Social and Enterprising vocational personality types would report higher SWB than those resembling other personality types. It was also hypothesized that individuals who reported higher levels of congruence, differentiation, and consistency would report higher SWB than those with lower levels. Results indicated no significant relationships between SWB and Holland’s concepts. However, significant relationships were found between the RIASEC types and the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits, as well as the FFM and SWB. Findings and implications are discussed.
3,3′-Di-n-propyl-1,1′-[p-phenylenebis(methylene)]diimidazolium dibromide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C20H28N4 2+·2Br−, consists of half a 3,3′-di-n-propyl-1,1′-[p-phenylenenis(methylene)]diimidazolium cation and a bromide anion. The cation is located on an inversion center and adopts an ⋯AAA⋯ trans conformation. In the crystal, the cation is linked to the anions via weak C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.
Role of host tissues for sustained humoral effects after endothelial progenitor cell transplantation into the ischemic heart

Noncellular differentiation effects have emerged as important mechanisms mediating therapeutic effects of stem or progenitor cell transplantation. Here, we investigated the expression patterns and sources of humoral factors and their regional and systemic biological effects after bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation into ischemic myocardium. Although most of the transplanted EPCs disappeared within a week, up-regulation of multiple humoral factors was sustained for longer than two weeks, which correlated well with the recovery of cardiac function. To determine the source of the humoral factors, we injected human EPCs into immunodeficient mice. Whereas the expression of human EPC (donor)-derived cytokines rapidly decreased to a nondetectable level within a week, up-regulation of mouse (recipient)-derived cytokines, including factors that could mobilize BM cells, was sustained. Histologically, we observed higher capillary density, a higher proliferation of myocardial cells, a lower cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and reduced infarct size. Furthermore, after EPC transplantation, BM-derived stem or progenitor cells were increased in the peripheral circulation and incorporated into the site of neovascularization and myocardial repair. These data indicate that myocardial EPC transplantation induces humoral effects, which are sustained by host tissues and play a crucial role in repairing myocardial injury.
Teaching and Teacher Education

In implementing inclusive education, special educators frequently collaborate with general educators in various settings. How does such collaborative practice complicate the configuration of their professional identities? This paper uses the framework of figured world (Holland, Lachiotte, Skinner, & Cain, 1998) to scrutinize the practice of one special educator, Stephanie. Alternatively assuming both subordinate and lead positions within a collaborative teaching team, Stephanie refigured her professional identity and practice contingently, initiating a trajectory of change that extended to “out-of-classroom” spaces (Clandinin & Connolly, 1996). Stephanie’s improvisations in this process index the significance of teachers’ authorial spaces in the implementation of inclusive education. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. In some ways, I do feel like my role, aside from teaching writing, has been the special ed teacher. I will do the adjustments on the rug as they are listening to a lesson or I’ll walk up and I’ll start charting the instructions for what the kids are supposed to do so that they get a visual about what Jeanine [the general educator] is saying. But many times, I don’t have a voice within the actual curriculum itself. (Stephanie1, special educator).
Development and Validation of the Home Musical Environment Scale for Use at the Early Elementary Level

This study was designed to develop and validate the Home Musical Environment Scale (HOMES), a 15-item parent sell- reporting measure to assess the home musical environment. The initial contents (content validity) of the HOMES represented a variety of aspects of parental musical attitudes and efforts in pro- viding a nurturing musical environment as identified in the litera- ture and present in available measures. After a panel of experts revised the instrument, it was tested with 157 second-grade children and their parents. The analysis revealed an alpha relia- bility of *86 and the factor analysis uncovered four factors (scales) with eigen values over 1-0, which accounted for 63 per cent of the variance. Concurrent validity was established by comparing the scores on the HOMES with the music teacher's perception of the subjects' home musical environment. Results showed that three of the four scales were significantly related to the teacher's per- ception. These results suggest that the HOMES may be used by parents to improve their home musical environments, by music teachers wishing to encourage parents of their students, and finally by researchers hoping to learn more about the musical develop- ment of children.
Discourses of authenticity and national identity among the Irish diaspora in England

This thesis explores the ways in which Irish people in England draw on discourses of authenticity in constructing and articulating Irish identities. It is based on the theoretical assumption that identities are constructed through discourse, which is understood as a broad horizon of meaning-making. The Irish in England are discussed as a population that negotiate both their personal identities and putative collective identity within discourses of Irishness as diasporic and as a minority identity within multicultural England. It is argued that 'authenticity' is central to both these positionings, but that personal constructions of authentic Irishness may differ from hegemonic constructions. Additionally, a distinction is made between diasporic and transnational Irish identities. Using a convenience sample, participants who self-identified as Irish were recruited from three English cities. Thirty individual interviews and four group discussions were carried out - the interview schedules and analysis was informed by ongoing 'informal' participant observation. In analysing the corpus of data, narratives of a 'typical' Irish life were attended to as well as the rhetorical means by which Irishness was contested. A clear canonical narrative of a 'collective' Irish experience in post-war England emerges, alongside three major areas of contestation through which claims on authenticity were made: public displays of Irishness, local identities, and generational differences. It is concluded that 'authenticity' is central to understanding how individuals situate their personal identities within collective identities. In particular, three distinct but overlapping discourses of Irish authenticity are identified: authenticity through collective experience and memory; authenticity through transnational knowledge and authenticity through diasporic claim. The implications of these findings, the original contribution they make both to Irish Studies and the social psychological study of identity, and how they may inform future study are also discussed, with an emphasis on the need to further examine the importance of county identity.
Distribution by Serological Type of Group B Streptococci Isolated from a Variety of Clinical Material over a Five-Year Period (with Special Reference to Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis)

A total of 898 group B streptococci isolated from a wide variety of human clinical sources from July 1967 through June 1972 were typed by the Lancefield precipitin test. Only 11% of the strains were nontypable. Twenty-six percent of the group B strains were from respiratory sources, 22% were from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood, 13% were from the female genital tract, 12% were urine specimens, and the remaining 27% were from other varied sources. The clinical conditions reported for patients from whom these organisms were isolated included neonatal meningitis and sepsis, pharyngitis, urinary tract and female genital tract infections, and various skin and wound infections. Seventy percent of the CSF and blood cultures from patients with meningitis or sepsis, or both, were type III, whereas the overall percentage of this type was 32%. All but three CSF isolates were from patients under 2 years of age; the distribution of CSF isolates appeared to be the same for both sexes. In contrast, group B streptococci were isolated more frequently from the blood of males than from the blood of females. There were twice as many blood cultures from patients under 2 years of age than from those that were older.
The role of dietary patterns’ assessment in the predictive ability of cardiovascular disease risk estimation models: a review

Abstract Risk prediction scores have received much attention the past few years, especially in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although diet has been independently associated with CVD risk, its role in the accuracy of the developed scores has rarely been studied. Thus, in this review, the role of diet assessment on the performance of CVD risk scores and models was critically discussed. A computer-assisted literature search retrieved 15 relevant studies, but only two out of them evaluated the role of diet on the accuracy of the developed models; the inclusion of diet assessment improved significantly the accuracy of CVD risk models. The remaining studies suggested an independent, protective effect of healthy dietary habits on CVD risk, with an attributable risk varying from 9 to 37%. Inclusion of diet component in CVD risks scores, may increase the accuracy of the models, and better identify people at high risk.
Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem in Current, Remitted, Recovered, and Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Disorders: The NESDA Study

Background Dual processing models of psychopathology emphasize the relevance of differentiating between deliberative self-evaluative processes (explicit self-esteem; ESE) and automatically-elicited affective self-associations (implicit self-esteem; ISE). It has been proposed that both low ESE and ISE would be involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AD). Further, it has been hypothesized that MDD and AD may result in a low ISE “scar” that may contribute to recurrence after remission. However, the available evidence provides no straightforward support for the relevance of low ISE in MDD/AD, and studies testing the relevance of discrepant SE even showed that especially high ISE combined with low ESE is predictive of the development of internalizing symptoms. However, these earlier findings have been limited by small sample sizes, poorly defined groups in terms of comorbidity and phase of the disorders, and by using inadequate indices of discrepant SE. Therefore, this study tested further the proposed role of ISE and discrepant SE in a large-scale study allowing for stricter differentiation between groups and phase of disorder. Method In the context of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), we selected participants with current MDD (n = 60), AD (n = 111), and comorbid MDD/AD (n = 71), remitted MDD (n = 41), AD (n = 29), and comorbid MDD/AD (n = 14), recovered MDD (n = 136) and AD (n = 98), and never MDD or AD controls (n = 382). The Implicit Association Test was used to index ISE and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale indexed ESE. Results Controls reported higher ESE than all other groups, and current comorbid MDD/AD had lower ESE than all other clinical groups. ISE was only lower than controls in current comorbid AD/MDD. Discrepant self-esteem (difference between ISE and ESE) was not associated with disorder status once controlling for ESE. Limitations Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Conclusion Findings suggest a prominent role for ESE in MDD and AD, while in comorbid MDD/AD negative self-evaluations are also present at the implicit level. There was no evidence to support the view that AD and MDD would result in a low ISE “scar”.
Named entity disambiguation by leveraging wikipedia semantic knowledge

Name ambiguity problem has raised an urgent demand for efficient, high-quality named entity disambiguation methods. The key problem of named entity disambiguation is to measure the similarity between occurrences of names. The traditional methods measure the similarity using the bag of words (BOW) model. The BOW, however, ignores all the semantic relations such as social relatedness between named entities, associative relatedness between concepts, polysemy and synonymy between key terms. So the BOW cannot reflect the actual similarity. Some research has investigated social networks as background knowledge for disambiguation. Social networks, however, can only capture the social relatedness between named entities, and often suffer the limited coverage problem. To overcome the previous methods' deficiencies, this paper proposes to use Wikipedia as the background knowledge for disambiguation, which surpasses other knowledge bases by the coverage of concepts, rich semantic information and up-to-date content. By leveraging Wikipedia's semantic knowledge like social relatedness between named entities and associative relatedness between concepts, we can measure the similarity between occurrences of names more accurately. In particular, we construct a large-scale semantic network from Wikipedia, in order that the semantic knowledge can be used efficiently and effectively. Based on the constructed semantic network, a novel similarity measure is proposed to leverage Wikipedia semantic knowledge for disambiguation. The proposed method has been tested on the standard WePS data sets. Empirical results show that the disambiguation performance of our method gets 10.7% improvement over the traditional BOW based methods and 16.7% improvement over the traditional social network based methods.
Stable isotope analysis reveals detrital resource base sources of the tree hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus

1. Detritus that forms the basis for mosquito production in tree hole ecosystems can vary in type and timing of input. We investigated the contributions of plant‐ and animal‐derived detritus to the biomass of Aedes triseriatus (Say) pupae and adults by using stable isotope (15N and 13C) techniques in laboratory experiments and field collections.