Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘What happened next?’: Developmental changes in mothers’ questions to children

Developmental changes in the questions mothers asked during book-sharing interactions with their preschool children and associations between mothers’ questions and children's narrative contributions were examined. Children and mothers from ethnically diverse backgrounds (African American, Dominican and Mexican) were video-recorded sharing the wordless book ‘Frog, Where are You? ’ when children were three, four and five years of age. Mothers’ questions were coded as referential (e.g. ‘What's that? ’), story-specific (e.g. ‘Where is the boy looking for the frog? ’) and open-ended (e.g. ‘What will happen next? ’). Mothers decreased their use of referential questions between the child ages of four and five in both frequency and proportion. Story-specific questions increased in frequency and proportion with increasing child age. Open-ended questions decreased in frequency between the child ages of four and five and did not change in proportion over time. Mothers’ question types related to children's narrative contributions concurrently and over time.
Dataflow Support in x86_64 Multicore Architectures through Small Hardware Extensions

The path towards future high performance computers requires architectures able to efficiently run multi-threaded applications. In this context, dataflow-based execution models can improve the performance by limiting the synchronization overhead, thanks to a simple producer-consumer approach. This paper advocates the ISE of standard cores with a small hardware extension for efficiently scheduling the execution of threads on the basis of dataflow principles. A set of dedicated instructions allow the code to interact with the scheduler. Experimental results demonstrate that, the combination of dedicated scheduling units and a dataflow execution model improve the performance when compared with other techniques for code parallelization (e.g., OpenMP, Cilk).
Postmortem findings after fatal anaphylactic reactions

Aims—To determine the frequency at which classic manifestations of anaphylaxis are present at necropsy after fatal anaphylactic reactions. Methods—A register has been established of fatal anaphylactic reactions in the UK since 1992, traced from the certified cause of death and other sources. Details of the previous medical history and the reaction suggest anaphylaxis as the cause of death for 130 cases; a postmortem report was available for 56. Results—The 56 deaths studied included 19 reactions to bee or wasp venom, 16 to foods, and 21 to drugs or contrast media. Death occurred within one hour of anaphylaxis in 39 cases. Macroscopic findings included signs of asthma (mucous plugging and/or hyperinflated lungs) (15 of 56), petechial haemorrhages (10 of 56), pharyngeal/laryngeal oedema (23 of 56), but for 23 of 56 there was nothing indicative of an allergic death. Mast cell tryptase was raised in 14 of 16 cases tested; three of three tested had detectable IgE specific for the suspected allergen. Conclusions—In many cases of fatal anaphylaxis no specific macroscopic findings are present at postmortem examination. This reflects the rapidity and mode of death, which is often the result of shock rather than asphyxia. Investigations that might help determine whether anaphylaxis was the cause of death had rarely been performed. In the presence of a typical clinical history, absence of postmortem findings does not exclude the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
Size and quality of randomised controlled trials in head injury: review of published studies

Abstract Objective: To assess whether trials in head injury are large enough to avoid moderate random errors and designed to avoid moderate biases. Design: All randomised controlled trials on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with head injury published before December 1998 were surveyed. Trials were identified from electronic databases, by hand searching journals and conference proceedings, and by contacting researchers. Data were extracted on the number of participants, quality of concealment of allocation, use of blinding, loss to follow up, and types of participants, interventions, and outcome measures. Results: 279 reports were identified, containing information on 208 separate trials. The average number of participants per trial was 82, with no evidence of increasing size over time. The total number of randomised participants in the 203 trials in which size was reported was 16 613. No trials were large enough to detect reliably a 5% absolute reduction in the risk of death or disability, and only 4% were large enough to detect an absolute reduction of 10%. Concealment of allocation was adequate in 22 and inadequate or unclear in 25 of the 47 (23%) in which it was reported. Of 126 trials assessing disability, 111 reported the number of patients followed up, and average loss to follow up was 19%. Of trials measuring disability, 26 (21%) reported that outcome assessors were blinded. Conclusions: Randomised trials in head injury are too small and poorly designed to detect or refute reliably moderate but clinically important benefits or hazards of treatment. Limited funding for injury research and unfamiliarity with issues of consent may have been important obstacles.
A comparative multicentre trial of spinal needles for Caesarean section

We studied 681 patients in a randomised, multicentre, double‐blind, parallel group trial designed to assess the incidence of headache following spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section using four different pencil point spinal needles. The needles used were: Whitacre 25G (n = 170), Polymedic 25G (n = 170), Sprotte 24G (n = 173) and Polymedic 24G (n = 168). The incidence of all headaches prior to discharge was 11.1%. Only five headaches (0.75%) were severe with features of post dural puncture headache (PDPH) and required an epidural blood patch: Whitacre 25G = 0, Polymedic 25G = 1 (0.6%), Sprotte 24G = 2 (1.2%), Polymedic 24G = 2 (1.2%). There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups for PDPH. We conclude that all four needles studied performed satisfactorily and comparably.
The Proctolin Gene and Biological Effects of Proctolin in the Blood-Feeding Bug, Rhodnius prolixus

We have reinvestigated the possible presence or absence of the pentapeptide proctolin in Rhodnius prolixus and report here the cloning of the proctolin cDNA. The transcript is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and some peripheral tissues. The proctolin prepropeptide encodes a single copy of proctolin along with a possible proctolin-precursor-associated peptide. We have biochemically identified proctolin in CNS extracts and shown its distribution using proctolin-like immunoreactivity. Immunostained processes are found on the salivary glands, female and male reproductive tissues, and heart and associated alary muscles. Proctolin-like immunoreactive bipolar neurons are found on the lateral margins of the common oviduct and bursa. Proctolin is biologically active on R. prolixus tissues, stimulating increases in contraction of anterior midgut and hindgut muscles, and increasing heartbeat frequency. Contrary to the previous suggestion that proctolin is absent from R. prolixus, proctolin is indeed present and biologically active in this medically important bug.
The effectiveness of enamel matrix protein (Emdogain®) in combination with coronally advanced flap in the treatment of multiple marginal tissue recession: A clinical study

Background: Gingival recession resulting in root exposure is a common problem faced by clinicians. This clinical study compared the results obtained by treating gingival recession using enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain gel®) along with coronally positioned flap and coronally positioned flap alone. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with a total of 46 gingival recession defects, each patient with a minimum of two recession defects, were included in the study. The test group, which consisted of 10 patients with 22 recession defects, was treated by enamel matrix derivatives (Emdogain gel) in combination with a coronally positioned flap, while the control group, which consisted of 10 patients with 24 gingival recession defects, was treated with 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; Prefgel®) in combination with coronally positioned flap. Results: Student's paired and unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. If the probability value (P) was less than 0.05, it was considered significant. Data from this study demonstrated that application of (EMD) Emdogain gel resulted in a statistically significant increase in root coverage, gain in the clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction when compared with coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone, but there was no statistically significant difference in the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) between the two groups.
Spread of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Differences Between the United States and Europe

Abstract There are major differences in the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between the United States and Europe. In contrast with Europe, VRE in the United States are resistant to many antibiotics, and there appears to be less genetic variability among these isolates. European VRE of human origin are usually susceptible to many other antibiotics and are highly polyclonal. These clinical isolates have the same susceptibility profiles as VRE isolated from animals. The differences in the spread of VRE between the United States and Europe might be explained by the overconsumption of glycopeptides and other antibiotics in hospitals in the United States and the use of avoparcin as a growth promotor in Europe.
FPGA implementation of a support vector machine for classification and regression

We present a successful design for a high-performance, low-resource-consuming hardware for Support Vector Classification and Support Vector Regression. The system has been implemented on a low cost FPGA device and exploits the advantages of parallel processing to compute the feed forward phase in support vector machines. In this paper we show that the same hardware can be used for classification problems and regression problems, and we show satisfactory results on an image recognition problem by SV multiclass classification and on a function estimation problem by SV regression.
Mrc1 phosphorylation in response to DNA replication stress is required for Mec1 accumulation at the stalled fork

DNA replication stress activates a response pathway that stabilizes stalled forks and promotes the completion of replication. The budding yeast Mec1 sensor kinase, Mrc1 mediator, and Rad53 effector kinase are central to this signal transduction cascade in S phase. We report that Mec1-dependent, Rad53-independent phosphorylation of Mrc1 is required to establish a positive feedback loop that stabilizes Mec1 and the replisome at stalled forks. A structure–function analysis of Mrc1 also uncovered a central region required for proper mediator function and association with replisome components. Together these results reveal new insight into how Mrc1 facilitates checkpoint signal amplification at stalled replication forks.
Preschoolers of Mothers with Affective and Anxiety Disorders Show Impairments in Cognitive Inhibition During a Chimeric Animal Stroop

Aims: To determine whether maternal affective and anxiety disorders are associated with cognitive inhibitory deficits in four-year-old children utilizing a chimeric animal stroop task, a childhood adaptation of the traditional stroop task. Study Design: Blinded Cross-Sectional Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, data collected from June 2009 to October 2010. Methodology: Four-year-olds of mothers with (n=29) and without (n=31) a history of affective or anxiety disorders completed a chimeric animal version of the stroop task. Incongruent, neutral, and congruent stimuli were presented over three trial blocks. Mean reaction time and response accuracy were the primary dependent measures. Results: The increase in the number of incorrect responses to incongruent versus congruent or neutral stimuli was larger for offspring of a mother with a history of an affective or anxiety disorder than without (t=2.4, P=.02); there was no significant main effect of maternal psychiatric illness (F(1, 58)=0.9, P=. 34) or a stimulus type by maternal illness (F(1 , 58)=1.1, P=. 30) interaction on reaction time. Conclusion: The association between maternal affective and anxiety disorders and cognitive inhibitory deficit is already identifiable by four years of age.
On imagining what is true (and what is false)

How do people imagine the possibilities in which an assertion would be true and the possibilities in which it would be false? We argue that the mental representation of the meanings of connectives, such as “and”, “or”, and “if”, specify how to construct the true possibilities for simple assertions containing just a single connective. It follows that the false possibilities are constructed by inference from the true possibilities. We report converging evidence supporting this account from four experiments in which the participants had to list the true and the false possibilities for various sorts of assertion. Their systematic errors, response times, and think-aloud protocols corroborated the theory's predictions. Not even true possibilities are immediately available for complex assertions containing two or more different connectives. The task of listing the true possibilities then becomes difficult, and the task of listing the false possibilities almost impossible.
Effect of a Mixture of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on T Cell Subpopulation and Responsiveness to Mitogen in Splenocytes of Male Broiler Chicks

The experiments were conducted to determine effects of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on T cell subpopulations and responsiveness to mitogen of splenocytes in male broiler chicks. In experiment 1, birds (8-d old) were fed basal, CLA-(CLA) and safflower oil-supplemented (SA) diets which were formulated by supplementary 10 g CLA or safflower oil/kg to the basal diet for 14 d. Broiler starter diet, which mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal, was served as the basal diet. Proliferative response and interleukin (IL)-2-like activity stimulated by concanavalin (Con) A at a concentration of 10 μg/ml of splenocytes in chicks fed the CLA diet were greater than in chicks fed the SA diet, but not at 20 μg Con A/ml. Percentage of CD3-positive T cells in splenocytes did not differ between chicks fed the SA diet and CLA. Ratio of CD4-positive T cells to CD8- positive T cells was significantly affected by dietary fat source. In experiment 2, broiler chicks (1-d old) were fed the same diets as in experiment 1 for 14 d. Results of splenocyte proliferation to Con A were similar to those in experiment 1, but phytohemaggulutinin (PHA)- or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- induced splenocyte proliferation did not differ between the CLA and SA fed groups. Supplementation with SA or CLA to the basal diet tended to have a depressive effect on the proliferation, with the greater effect being that of SA. In experiment 3, effect of an addition of CLA to splenocyte culture medium on splenocyte proliferation was determined. An addition of CLA to the culture medium resulted in reduction of the splenocyte proliferation to Con A, but an addition of linoleic acid. When PWM and PHA were used as mitogen, the inhibitory effect of CLA and linoleic acid on the proliferation did not differ. The results suggested that the effect of dietary CLA on splenocyte proliferation was similar to that of SA, although the effect of dietary CLA on sub-populations was slightly different from that of dietary SA. Further studies are needed to clarify whether use of CLA would be beneficial for maintaining or enhancing T cell immunity in chicks.
Testing ocean tide models in the Nordic seas with tidal gravity observations

SUMMARY Tidal gravity observations at Ny-Alesund on Spitzbergen, made with a LaCoste & Romberg gravimeter with electrostatic feedback, have been used to assess the accuracy of ocean tide models in the Nordic seas. Eight ocean tide models have been used to compute the ocean tide loading at Ny-Alesund. The station is very close to the coast and therefore experiences a significant direct gravitational attraction of the nearby tidal water mass. For the bay adjacent to the station, the model values have been replaced by the tide gauge values and a special effort has been made to fit the models correctly to the coastline. The ocean tide models for M2 and O1 have also been compared with observations made over 30 years ago at Longyearbyen, Spitzbergen, with Askania gravimeters. The comparisons of the tidal gravity observations with computed ocean tide loading show that for the harmonic M2 the phase lag of the ocean tide model of Schwiderski and the local tide model of Gjevik et al. are wrong by +15 ◦ and −5 ◦ in the Norwegian Basin. For the harmonic S2, the models FES94.1, GOT00.2 and Schwiderski give a poor fit to the observed tidal loading at Ny-Alesund because of phase lags that are too large in the Norwegian Basin by ∼10 ◦ . FES94.1 and GOT00.2 also have S2 amplitudes that are ∼5 cm too large in the Norwegian Basin. For N2, FES94.1, FES95.2, GOT00.2 and Schwiderski have phase lags that are ∼10 ◦ too large in the Norwegian Basin and FES94.1 and 95.2 also have N2 amplitudes that are 2‐4 cm too large in that region. Overall, for these three harmonics the global model FES99 gives the best fit to the tidal gravity observations at Ny-Alesund and this agreement is even closer than that obtained using regional Arctic Ocean tide models.
To Gain or To Lose: Students’ English and Chinese Literacy Achievement in a Mandarin Language Bilingual Program

Abstract The present study examined the effectiveness of a Chinese-English bilingual program in enhancing children’s English and Chinese language and literacy skills. Participants included an experimental group of 26 students from Junior Kindergarten (age approximately 4-5 years) to Grade 2 (age approximately 7-8 years) enrolled in a Mandarin language bilingual program in Ontario, Canada, and a comparison group of 43 Chinese-speaking students attending English-only public schools in the same region. Measures of phonological awareness, syntactic awareness, receptive vocabulary, and word reading were administered in English and Chinese. Children in the experimental group showed Chinese word reading and phonological awareness skills that were superior to those of the comparison group. The two groups were comparable in English word reading and receptive vocabulary skills. Significant correlations between measures of phonological awareness, syntactic awareness, receptive vocabulary, and word reading were found within and across languages in the experimental group. We discuss results within the context of the extant theories of bilingual development and cross-language transfer. Resume La presente etude a examine l’efficacite d’un programme bilingue chinois-anglais a ameliorer les habiletes linguistiques en anglais et en chinois des enfants participant a ce programme. Dans le groupe experimental, 26 eleves de la maternelle (4 et 5 ans) a la deuxieme annee (7 et 8 ans), scolarises dans un programme bilingue mandarin en Ontario, au Canada, ont participe a l’etude. Le groupe comparatif incluait 43 eleves de langue chinoise scolarises dans les ecoles publiques anglaises de la meme region. Des tâches de conscience phonologique, de conscience syntaxique, de vocabulaire receptif et de lecture de mots ont ete administrees en anglais et en chinois. Les eleves du groupe experimental ont obtenu des resultats superieurs que ceux du groupe comparatif sur les tâches de lecture de mots en chinois et de conscience phonologique. Les deux groupes etaient comparables dans les tâches de lecture de mots en anglais et de vocabulaire receptif. La conscience phonologique, la conscience syntaxique, le vocabulaire receptif et la lecture de mots etaient significativement correles a l’interieur des langues et entre les langues des eleves du groupe experimental. Nous discutons des resultats dans le contexte des theories existantes sur le developpement bilingue et les transferts interlinguaux.
Pathogenicity of fungi associated with a decay of kiwifruit

A decay of kiwifruit was noted for the first time in 9 to 10-year-old Italian vineyards. Trunk and cordons of symptomatic vines showed decayed areas surrounded and preceded by wood discolouration. Fomitiporia mediterranea (syn. F punctata) was recovered from decayed tissue, whereas Phaeoacrernonium parasiticum, Cadophora malorum and strains of Phaeoacrernonium aleophilum were found in the discoloured wood. Two-year-old potted kiwifruit vines of the cultivar Hayward were inoculated with a strain of each species in order to assess their ability to cause wood discolouration and decay. Six months after inoculation, discolouration was clearly evident in all plants inoculated with Phaeoacrernonium species and C. malorum. Decayed areas caused by F mediterranea were observed only in some potted plants either 15 or 18 months after inoculation. Some of the vines inoculated with P. aleophilum, C. malorum and F mediterranea shrivelled up completely. Inoculated fungi were always recovered from the discoloured and decayed tissue. Both types of wood deterioration observed in the field on diseased plants were reproduced in the pathogenicity tests.
Smoking and blood pressure in 15 year olds in Dunedin, New Zealand.

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