Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new rounding procedure for the assignment problem with applications to dense graph arrangement problems

Abstract.We present a randomized procedure for rounding fractional perfect matchings to (integral) matchings. If the original fractional matching satisfies any linear inequality, then with high probability, the new matching satisfies that linear inequality in an approximate sense. This extends the well-known LP rounding procedure of Raghavan and Thompson, which is usually used to round fractional solutions of linear programs. ¶We use our rounding procedure to design an additive approximation algorithm to the Quadratic Assignment Problem. The approximation error of the algorithm is εn2 and it runs in nO(logn/ε2) time. ¶We also describe Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes (PTASs) for dense subcases of many well-known NP-hard arrangement problems, including MINIMUM LINEAR ARRANGEMENT, MINIMUM CUT LINEAR ARRANGEMENT, MAXIMUM ACYCLIC SUBGRAPH, and BETWEENNESS.
Hypervolemic therapy prevents volume contraction but not hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Hyponatremia is common following subarachnoid hemorrhage and has alternatively been attributed to either the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone or natriuresis causing intravascular volume contraction. We prospectively studied body sodium and intravascular volume regulation in 19 patients, beginning within 3 days after acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred, in order to determine the impact of hypervolemic therapy on both hyponatremia and volume contraction and to ascertain whether humoral factors account for hyponatremia. Serial measurements of plasma arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, renin activity, aldosterone, and catecholamines were correlated with body sodium and fluid balance, change in blood volume, serum sodium concentration, and osmolality. Six patients (32%) developed hyponatremia, but only 2 had a negative sodium balance. In most patients, levels of atrial natriuretic factor were elevated, while plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations were generally suppressed. Plasma arginine vasopressin levels were not suppressed during hypo‐osmolality and did not correlate with serum osmolality in hyponatremic patients. Only 1 patient had a decrease in blood volume, which was associated with marked rises in aldosterone and plasma renin activity, but normal serum sodium and plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels. We conclude that following subarachnoid hemorrhage: (1) Hypervolemic therapy prevents volume contraction but not hyponatremia, (2) humoral factors may favor both sodium loss and water retention, and (3) arginine vasopressin regulation is disturbed and may contribute to hyponatremia.
Deformation Processing and Mechanical Properties of Cu-10Cr-0.4Zr In Situ Composite Microwires

The Cu-10Cr-0.4Zr in situ composite microwires were prepared by cast and cold drawing procedure. Deformation processing and mechanical properties of Cu-10Cr-0.4Zr composites were investigated. The results showed that the additional 0.4wt. %Zr in the Cu-10Cr in situ composite microwires gave birth to smaller as-cast Cr phases, which led to refined filaments in the matrix at higher drawing strains. As the drawing strains increased, the Cr filaments were constrained to fold or twist (even overlapped together) on longitudinal sections, and the Cr filaments become homogeneity and refinement at the longitudinal sections at the same time. At η=6.2, the thickness of Cr filaments reached 250-300nm, and the ultimate strength of Cu-10Cr-0.4Zr composites reached 1089 MPa. And the predicted strength using Hall-Petch equation was 1037 MPa, which was in reasonably good agreement with the observed strength (1089 MPa).
Deletion of Epstein-Barr Virus BFLF2 Leads to Impaired Viral DNA Packaging and Primary Egress as Well as to the Production of Defective Viral Particles

ABSTRACT Previous genetic and biochemical studies performed with several members of the Alphaherpesvirus subfamily have shown that the UL31 and UL34 proteins are essential components of the molecular machinery that mediates the primary egress of newly assembled capsids across the nuclear membrane. Further, there is substantial evidence that BFLF2 and BFRF1, the respective positional homologs of UL31 and UL34 in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, are also their functional homologs, i.e., that the UL31/UL34 pathway is common to distant herpesviruses. However, the low degree of protein sequence identity between UL31 and BFLF2 would argue against such a hypothesis. To further clarify this issue, we have constructed a recombinant EBV strain devoid of BFLF2 (ΔBFLF2) and show that BFLF2 is crucial for efficient virus production but not for lytic DNA replication or B-cell transformation. This defective phenotype could be efficiently restored by trans complementation with a BFLF2 expression plasmid. Detailed analysis of replicating cells by electron microscopy revealed that, as expected, ΔBFLF2 viruses not only failed to egress from the nucleus but also showed defective DNA packaging. Nonfunctional primary egress did not, however, impair the production and extracellular release of enveloped but empty viral particles that comprised L particles containing tegument-like structures and a few virus-like particles carrying empty capsids. The ΔBFLF2 and ΔUL31 phenotypes therefore only partly overlap, from which we infer that BFLF2 and UL31 have substantially diverged during evolution to fulfil related but distinct functions.
Compliance with Breast Self-Examination Instruction in High School Students

In a prospective study, we measured compliance with breast self-examination, using an anonymous questionnaire, in suburban high school students three months (n = 85) and eight months (n = 54) after group instruction. Post-instruction proficiency in performing the procedure and personal health beliefs regarding breast cancer were also evaluated. At three months, 40% of the group reported practicing breast self-examination at some time since instruction; 12% had performed the procedure timed correctly with their menstrual cycle. At eight months, only two girls (4%) had practiced breast self-examination at least once since the three-month evaluation. Proficiency scores overall were high, with 77% scoring 12 points or above on a 15-item questionnaire; however, scores were significantly lower in the 15-year-olds than in the older adolescents. No significant relationships were found between compliance and most personal health beliefs, previous instruction, or level of knowledge of the procedure. Attention should be directed toward assessing the ability and willingness to practice preventive health behaviors before instruction programs are instituted in this age group.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Care Giver Burden Following Spinal Fusion in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Study Design. A prospective longitudinal cohort. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in caregivers’ perceptions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and caregiver burden in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) following spinal fusion. Summary of Background Data. Progressive scoliosis is common in nonambulatory children with CP; the utility of spine fusion has been long debated and prospective evaluations of patient reported outcomes are limited. Methods. Children 3 to 21 years old, gross motor classification system (GMFCS) IV-V CP, scheduled for spine fusion were enrolled consecutively from September 2011 to March 2014. Caregivers completed the CPCHILD and ACEND pre-operatively and at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Changes in CPCHILD and ACEND scores from preoperative to 1 and 2 years after surgery were assessed using paired t tests. Correlations between preoperative Cobb angle and CPCHILD and ACEND scores were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results. Twenty-six GMFCS IV-V CP patients with severe scoliosis treated with spine fusion were included. Mean age was 14 years, 50% male, and 46% had instrumentation to the pelvis. Average preoperative Cobb angle was 68.9° (SD 25.68) with an average improvement of 76%. The CPCHILD score increased by 9.8 points above baseline [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.4–16.2] at 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.005). However, at 2 years, the CPCHILD score regressed to baseline (P = 0.40). ACEND scores did not change from baseline scores at 1-year (P = 0.09) and 2-year (P = 0.72) follow-up, reflecting that caregiver burden is little changed by spine fusion. There was no correlation between preoperative Cobb angle and CPCHILD score (P = 0.52) or ACEND score (P = 0.56) at 1-year or 2-year follow-up (P = 0.69, P = 0.90). Children with Cobb angle ⩽75° experienced more improvement 1 year after surgery than children with Cobb angle >75°. Conclusion. HRQOL improves 1 year following spine fusion but regresses to baseline after 2 years. Caregiver burden was unchanged following spine fusion. Level of Evidence: 2
Fat Content Modulates Rapid Detection of Food: A Visual Search Study Using Fast Food and Japanese Diet

Rapid detection of food is crucial for the survival of organisms. However, previous visual search studies have reported discrepant results regarding the detection speeds for food vs. non-food items; some experiments showed faster detection of food than non-food, whereas others reported null findings concerning any speed advantage for the detection of food vs. non-food. Moreover, although some previous studies showed that fat content can affect visual attention for food, the effect of fat content on the detection of food remains unclear. To investigate these issues, we measured reaction times (RTs) during a visual search task in which participants with normal weight detected high-fat food (i.e., fast food), low-fat food (i.e., Japanese diet), and non-food (i.e., kitchen utensils) targets within crowds of non-food distractors (i.e., cars). Results showed that RTs for food targets were shorter than those for non-food targets. Moreover, the RTs for high-fat food were shorter than those for low-fat food. These results suggest that food is more rapidly detected than non-food within the environment and that a higher fat content in food facilitates rapid detection.
N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-modified microemulsions for improved oral bioavailability of puerarin: preparation and evaluation

Abstract The aim of this research was to increase the oral bioavailability of puerarin by N-trimethyl chitosan-modified microemulsions (TMC-MEs) loaded with puerarin. Different concentrations of TMC-modified microemulsions were prepared in our study, and then evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, morphological observation and changes of the microenvironment polarity of inner oil core. It was shown that the zeta potential of the microemulsion was increased with the increasing concentration of TMC, and the peak value was achieved when the concentration of TMC was 3.0 mg/mL. The enhancement of the ratio of I1/I3 (the ratio between the first band and the third band of the emission fluorescence spectrum of pyrene, I1 = 373 nm, I3 = 384 nm) indicated that polarity of the inner core of TMC-MEs was increased with the addition of the modifier. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that after oral administration of puerarin N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-modified microemulsions (PUE-TMEs) and puerarin microemulsions (PUE-MEs) to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, relative bioavailability was enhanced about 6.8- and 1.2-fold, respectively, compared to puerarin suspension (PUE-SUS) as control. It indicated that the TMC-MEs could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of puerarin.
Centrality Estimation in Large Networks

Centrality indices are an essential concept in network analysis. For those based on shortest-path distances the computation is at least quadratic in the number of nodes, since it usually involves solving the single-source shortest-paths (SSSP) problem from every node. Therefore, exact computation is infeasible for many large networks of interest today. Centrality scores can be estimated, however, from a limited number of SSSP computations. We present results from an experimental study of the quality of such estimates under various selection strategies for the source vertices.
Dolabelladienols A–C, New Diterpenes Isolated from Brazilian Brown Alga Dictyota pfaffii

The marine brown alga Dictyota pfaffii from Atol das Rocas, in Northeast Brazil is a rich source of dolabellane diterpene, which has the potential to be used in future antiviral drugs by inhibiting reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1. Reexamination of the minor diterpene constituents yielded three new dolabellane diterpenes, (1R*,2E,4R*,7S,10S*,11S*,12R*)10,18-diacetoxy-7-hydroxy-2,8(17)-dolabelladiene (1), (1R*,2E,4R*,7R*,10S*,11S*,12R*)10,18-diacetoxy-7-hydroxy-2,8(17)-dolabelladiene (2), (1R*,2E,4R*,8E,10S*,11S,12R*)10,18-diacetoxy-7-hydroxy-2,8-dolabelladiene (3), termed dolabelladienols A–C (1–3) respectively, in addition to the known dolabellane diterpenes (4–6). The elucidation of the compounds 1–3 was assigned by 1D and 2D NMR, MS, optical rotation and molecular modeling, along with the relative configuration of compound 4 and the absolute configuration of 5 by X-ray diffraction. The potent anti-HIV-1 activities displayed by compounds 1 and 2 (IC50 = 2.9 and 4.1 μM), which were more active than even the known dolabelladienetriol 4, and the low cytotoxic activity against MT-2 lymphocyte tumor cells indicated that these compounds are promising anti-HIV-1 agents.
ScaLAPACK: A Portable Linear Algebra Library for Distributed Memory Computers - Design Issues and Performance

This paper outlines the content and performance of ScaLAPACK, a collection of mathematical software for linear algebra computations on distributed memory computers. The importance of developing standards for computational and message passing interfaces is discussed. We present the different components and building blocks of ScaLAPACK, and indicate the difficulties inherent in producing correct codes for networks of heterogeneous processors. Finally, this paper briefly describes future directions for the ScaLAPACK library and concludes by suggesting alternative approaches to mathematical libraries, explaining how ScaLAPACK could be integrated into efficient and user-friendly distributed systems.
The transcription programme of the protein-primed halovirus SH1.

SH1 is the only reported isolate of a spherical halovirus, a dominant morphotype in hypersaline lakes. The virus lytically infects the haloarchaeon Haloarcula hispanica, and carries a 30.9 kb linear dsDNA genome that, in a previous study, was proposed to contain 56 protein-coding genes, probably organized into between four and eight operons. In the present study, these predictions were directly tested by determining the orientations and lengths of virus transcripts using systematic RT-PCR and primer extension. Seven major transcripts were observed that together covered most of the genome. Six transcripts were synthesized from early in infection (1 h post-infection; p.i.) onwards, while transcript T6 was only detected late in infection (5-6 h p.i.). No transcripts were detected in the inverted terminal repeat sequences or at the extreme right end of the genome (ORFs 55-56). Start points for the major transcripts were mapped by primer extension and corresponded closely to the 5' termini determined by RT-PCR. Between 1 and 4 h p.i. , transcripts usually terminated not far beyond the end of their last coding ORF, but late in infection, transcripts from the same promoters often terminated at more distal points, resulting in much of the genome being transcribed from both strands. Since many of these transcripts are complementary, RNA-RNA interactions are likely, and may play a role in regulating viral gene expression. Puromycin blockage of post-infection protein synthesis significantly altered the levels of certain virus transcripts, indicating that de novo protein synthesis is essential for the correct regulation of SH1 gene expression.
The role of Pax7 in determining the cytoarchitecture of the superior colliculus

Pax genes are a family of transcriptional regulators vital for embryonic development. One member of the family, Pax7, functions early in neural development to establish dorsal polarity of the neural tube, and continuous refinement of its expression affords regional identity to brain nuclei, in particular the superior colliculus. Pax7 expression within the superior colliculus is eventually restricted to the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS), the retinorecipient layer to which the optic nerve projects. The key role of Pax7 in specification of the superior colliculus has been highlighted by misexpression studies which result in ectopic formation of superior collicular tissue with characteristic laminae innervated by retinal ganglion cell axons. Here we review the role of Pax7 in formation of the superior colliculus and discuss the possibility that Pax7 may also assist in refinement of correct topographic mapping.
Pelvic fractures in pediatric and adult trauma patients: are they different injuries?

BACKGROUND Many aspects of pediatric trauma are considerably different from adult trauma. Very few studies have performed comprehensive comparisons between pediatric and adult pelvic fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of pelvic fracture, the epidemiologic characteristics, type of associated abdominal injuries, and outcomes between pediatric (age </= 16 years) and adult (age > 16 years) patients. METHODS This was a trauma registry study that included all blunt trauma admissions at a Level I trauma center during an 8-year period. The incidence and severity of pelvic fractures, associated abdominal injuries, need for blood transfusion, and mortality in the two age groups were compared with the two-sided Fisher's exact test. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for associated abdominal injuries in pelvic fractures in the two age groups. RESULTS The incidence of pelvic fractures was 10.0% (1,450 of 14,568) in the adult group and 4.6% (95 of 2,062) in the pediatric group (p < 0.0001). In motor vehicle and pedestrian injuries, adults were twice as likely and in falls from heights > 15 ft seven times as likely as children to suffer pelvic fractures. However, age group was not a significant predictor of the severity of pelvic fracture. Only 9.5% of pediatric fractures and 8.8% of adult fractures had a pelvis Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score >/= 4. The incidence of associated abdominal injuries was high but similar in the two age groups (16.7% in adults and 13.7% in children, p = 0.48). Motor vehicle crash, pelvis AIS score >/= 4, and fall from height > 15 ft were significant predictors of associated abdominal injuries in the adult but not the pediatric group. The incidence of associated gastrointestinal injuries was similar in the two age groups (5.3% in children and 3.3% in adults, p = 0.37). The incidence of solid organ injuries was nearly identical in both groups (11.6% in children and 11.5% in adults). The need for blood transfusions and angiographic intervention was not significantly different between the two age groups. Exsanguination because of bleeding related to the pelvic fracture was responsible or possibly responsible in 42 deaths (2.9%) in the adult group and no deaths in the pediatric group. CONCLUSION Pediatric trauma patients are significantly less likely than adults to suffer pelvic fractures, although the age group is not a significant risk factor for the severity of pelvic fracture. The incidence of associated abdominal injuries is high and similar in the two age groups. Motor vehicle crash, fall from a height, and pelvis AIS score >/= 4 were significant predictors of associated abdominal injuries in the adult but not the pediatric patients. The need for blood transfusion is similar in both groups irrespective of Injury Severity Score and pelvis AIS score. The mortality resulting from exsanguination related to pelvic fractures is very low, especially in pediatric patients.
Acquiring entailment pairs across languages and domains: A Data Analysis

Entailment pairs are sentence pairs of a premise and a hypothesis, where the premise textually entails the hypothesis. Such sentence pairs are important for the development of Textual Entailment systems. In this paper, we take a closer look at a prominent strategy for their automatic acquisition from newspaper corpora, pairing first sentences of articles with their titles. We propose a simple logistic regression model that incorporates and extends this heuristic and investigate its robustness across three languages and three domains. We manage to identify two predictors which predict entailment pairs with a fairly high accuracy across all languages. However, we find that robustness across domains within a language is more difficult to achieve.
THE FAR-ULTRAVIOLET “CONTINUUM” IN PROTOPLANETARY DISK SYSTEMS. II. CARBON MONOXIDE FOURTH POSITIVE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION

We exploit the high sensitivity and moderate spectral resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to detect far-ultraviolet (UV) spectral features of carbon monoxide (CO) present in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks for the first time. We present spectra of the classical T Tauri stars HN Tau, RECX-11, and V4046 Sgr, representative of a range of CO radiative processes. HN Tau shows CO bands in absorption against the accretion continuum. The CO absorption most likely arises in warm inner disk gas. We measure a CO column density and rotational excitation temperature of N(CO) = (2 ± 1) × 1017 cm−2 and T rot(CO) 500 ± 200 K for the absorbing gas. We also detect CO A–X band emission in RECX-11 and V4046 Sgr, excited by UV line photons, predominantly H i Lyα. All three objects show emission from CO bands at λ > 1560 Å, which may be excited by a combination of UV photons and collisions with non-thermal electrons. In previous observations these emission processes were not accounted for due to blending with emission from the accretion shock, collisionally excited H2, and photo-excited H2, all of which appeared as a “continuum” whose components could not be separated. The CO emission spectrum is strongly dependent upon the shape of the incident stellar Lyα emission profile. We find CO parameters in the range: N(CO) ∼ 1018–1019 cm−2, T rot(CO) ≳ 300 K for the Lyα-pumped emission. We combine these results with recent work on photo-excited and collisionally excited H2 emission, concluding that the observations of UV-emitting CO and H2 are consistent with a common spatial origin. We suggest that the CO/H2 ratio (≡ N(CO)/N(H2)) in the inner disk is ∼1, a transition between the much lower interstellar value and the higher value observed in solar system comets today, a result that will require future observational and theoretical study to confirm.