Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of reporting and data systems from 2000 to 2022: research situation, global trends, and hotspots

Background The reporting and data system (RADS) has been researched across the world since it was first developed. This study used bibliometrics to analyze the research trends and current status of this field over the past almost 23 years and explored possible future research hotspots. Methods We searched the Web of Science (WOS) literature on RADSs from January 1, 2000, to November 1, 2022, and evaluated the findings visually with VOSviewer (1.6.18), CiteSpace (6.1.3), and the “bibliometrix” package in R version 4.2. 1. Results We included 6,239 publications from 88 countries and regions. The number of published has shown an overall growth trend, especially since 2016. The United States was the country with the highest number of publications and citations. The top 10 most productive institutions in RADS research were mainly from South Korea and the United States. Kim EK was the most published author, and Turkbey B had the most cited publication. European Radiology had the most publications on the subject, while Radiology was the most influential journal. Magnetic resonance imaging, carcinoma, ultrasound, RADS, mammography, breast neoplasms, and diagnosis were the most common keywords. Artificial intelligence (AI) appears to be an emerging hotspot in the research of RADS. Conclusions This study provides an overview of the development status of research into RADSs over the past 23 years. Research into RADSs has included various systems of the body, with the most studied being the breast, prostate, liver, and thyroid. In terms of auxiliary diagnosis, there is an increasing amount of research into the application of AI in RADSs, which along with the interpretability of AI, will be a hotspot of research in the following years.
Complex interventions for preventing diabetic foot ulceration.

BACKGROUND Ulceration of the feet, which can lead to the amputation of feet and legs, is a major problem for people with diabetes mellitus, and can cause substantial economic burden. Single preventive strategies have not been shown to reduce the incidence of foot ulceration to a significant extent. Therefore, in clinical practice, preventive interventions directed at patients, health care providers and/or the structure of health care are often combined (complex interventions). OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of complex interventions on the prevention of foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus compared with single interventions, usual care or alternative complex interventions. A complex intervention is defined as an integrated care approach, combining two or more prevention strategies on at least two different levels of care: the patient, the healthcare provider and/or the structure of healthcare. SEARCH STRATEGY Eligible studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (28/05/09), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 28 May 2009), Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to May Week 3 2009), Ovid EMBASE (1980 to 2009 Week 21) and EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to May Week 4 2009). SELECTION CRITERIA Prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effectiveness of combinations of preventive strategies, not solely patient education, for the prevention of foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus, with single interventions, usual care or alternative complex interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors were assigned to independently select studies, to extract study data and to assess risk of bias of included studies, using predefined criteria. MAIN RESULTS Only five RCTs met the criteria for inclusion. The study characteristics differed substantially in terms of health care settings, the nature of the interventions studied and outcome measures reported. In three studies that compared the effect of an education centred complex intervention with usual care or written instructions only, little evidence of benefit was found. Two studies compared the effect of more intensive and comprehensive complex interventions with usual care. One of these reported improvement of patients' self care behaviour. In the other study a significant and cost-effective reduction of lower extremity amputations (RR 0.30 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.71)) was achieved. All five included RCTs were at high risk of bias; with hardly any of the predefined quality assessment criteria met. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no high quality research evidence evaluating complex interventions for preventing diabetic foot ulceration and insufficient evidence of benefit.
Heterogeneity and convergence: the synaptic pathophysiology of autism

Autism is a developmental disorder characterised by a high heterogeneity of clinical diagnoses and genetic associations. This heterogeneity is a challenge for the identification of the pathophysiology of the disease and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. New conceptual approaches are being used to try to challenge this complexity and gene cluster analysis studies suggest that the pathophysiology of autism is associated with a dysregulation of specific cellular mechanisms. This review will present the experimental evidence for a convergence of synaptic pathophysiology between syndromic and non‐syndromic forms of autism, grouped under the generic term of autism spectrum disorders. In particular I will highlight the results from genetic mouse models identifying a convergence of dysregulation of the synaptic type I metabotropic glutamate receptor pathway in mouse models for autism spectrum disorders. These results help to build a new conceptual framework for the study of the synaptic phenotype of autism, which is important for the identification of new therapeutic strategies.
Bonds or Loans? The Effect of Macroeconomic Fundamentals

The costs of debt crises are not invariant to the foreign debt instrument composition: bank loans or bonds. The lending boom of the 1990s witnessed considerable variation over time and across countries in the debt instrument used by emerging market (EM) borrowers. This paper tests how macroeconomic fundamentals affect the composition of international debt instruments used by EM borrowers. Analysis of micro-level data using ordered probability model shows that macroeconomic fundamentals explain a significant share of variation in the ratio of bonds to loans for private borrowers, but not for the sovereigns.
On the Probabilistic Foundations of Probabilistic Roadmap Planning

Why is probabilistic roadmap (PRM) planning probabilistic? How does the probability measure used for sampling a robot’s configuration space affect the performance of a PRM planner? These questions have received little attention to date. This paper tries to fill this gap and identify promising directions to improve future planners. It introduces the probabilistic foundations of PRM planning and examines previous work in this context. It shows that the success of PRM planning depends mainly and critically on favorable “visibility” properties of a robot’s configuration space. A promising direction for speeding up PRM planners is to infer partial knowledge of such properties from both workspace geometry and information gathered during roadmap construction, and to use this knowledge to adapt the probability measure for sampling. This paper also shows that the choice of the sampling source—pseudo-random or deterministic—has small impact on a PRM planner’s performance, compared with that of the sampling measure. These conclusions are supported by both theoretical and empirical results.
Review on Data Mining Methods for Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis, which is the oldest human disease wit h the highest mortality rates among infectious diseases, continues to be the worl d's attention. Previous methods to diagnose tuberculosis are tuberculin test, Sputum-s mear microscopy and chest radiography. Unfortunately, these methods are time consuming and perform poorly. Furthermore, they require varied sensitivity, Mycob acterium tuberculosis bacilli alive, sputum which is difficult to obtain from chi ldren, trained personnel to avoid human error, and hence, high cost. Researchers keep developing accurate data mining methods for rapid Tuberculosis diagnosis to reduce the rate of growth of the world population of tuberculosis patients. This paper aims to provide state-of-the-art of data mining methods in diagnosing Tuberculosis u sing clinical symptoms as input parameters. First, it introduces tuberculosis and c urrent methods used for tuberculosis diagnosis. Then it discusses technique s for preprocessing data and data mining methods for tuberculosis diagnosis currently used. The result shows that the most frequently used variables are sweating at nigh t, more than 3 weeks of cough, fever, weight loss, age, and chest pain respectivel y. Support Vector Machine and Bayesian Network gave the highest accuracy compared to other methods.
Microsphere embolism‐induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation and impairments in attentional performance

Ischemic events have been hypothesized to play a critical role on the pathogenesis of dementia and the acceleration of cognitive impairments. This experiment was designed to determine the consequences of microvascular ischemia on the cortical cholinergic input system and associated attention capacities. Injections of microspheres (≈50 µm diameter; ≈5000 microspheres/100 µL) into the right common carotid artery of rats served as a model of microvascular ischemia and resulted in decreases in the density of cholinergic fibers in the ipsilateral medial prefrontal cortex and frontoparietal areas. Furthermore, dense astrogliosis, indicated by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry, was observed in the globus pallidus, including the areas of origin of cholinergic projections to the cortex. Fluoro‐Jade B staining indicated that loss of neurons in the cortex was restricted to areas of microsphere‐induced infarcts. Attentional performance was assessed using an operant sustained attention task; performance in this task was previously demonstrated to reflect the integrity and activity of the cortical cholinergic input system. Embolized animals' performance was characterized by a decrease in the animals' ability to detect signals. Their performance in non‐signal trials remained unaffected. The residual density of cholinergic axons in prefrontal and frontoparietal areas correlated with the animals' performance. The present data support the hypothesis that microvascular ischemia results in loss of cortical cholinergic inputs and impairs associated attentional performance. Microsphere embolism represents a useful animal model for studying the role of interactions between microvascular disorder and impaired forebrain cholinergic neurotransmission in the manifestation of cognitive impairments.
H.E.S.S. Observations of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0–4622: Shell-Type Morphology and Spectrum of a Widely Extended Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Source

The shell-type supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 was observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes between 2004 December and 2005 May for a total observation time of 33 hr, above an average gamma-ray energy threshold of 250 GeV. The angular resolution of ~0.06° (for events triggering three or four telescopes) and the large field of view of H.E. S.S. (5° diameter) are well adapted to studying the morphology of the object in very high energy gamma rays, which exhibits a remarkably thin shell very similar to the features observed in the radio range and in X-rays. The spectral analysis of the source from 300 GeV to 20 TeV is also presented. Finally, the possible origins of the very high energy gamma-ray emission (inverse Compton scattering by electrons or the decay of neutral pions produced by proton interactions) are discussed, on the basis of morphological and spectral features obtained at different wavelengths.
Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Red Blood Cell Microparticles and Cell-Free Hemoglobin as a Mechanism for the Red Cell Storage Lesion

Background— Intravascular red cell hemolysis impairs nitric oxide (NO)–redox homeostasis, producing endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and vasculopathy. Red blood cell storage under standard conditions results in reduced integrity of the erythrocyte membrane, with formation of exocytic microvesicles or microparticles and hemolysis, which we hypothesized could impair vascular function and contribute to the putative storage lesion of banked blood. Methods and Results— We now find that storage of human red blood cells under standard blood banking conditions results in the accumulation of cell-free and microparticle-encapsulated hemoglobin, which, despite 39 days of storage, remains in the reduced ferrous oxyhemoglobin redox state and stoichiometrically reacts with and scavenges the vasodilator NO. Using stopped-flow spectroscopy and laser-triggered NO release from a caged NO compound, we found that both free hemoglobin and microparticles react with NO about 1000 times faster than with intact erythrocytes. In complementary in vivo studies, we show that hemoglobin, even at concentrations below 10 &mgr;mol/L (in heme), produces potent vasoconstriction when infused into the rat circulation, whereas controlled infusions of methemoglobin and cyanomethemoglobin, which do not consume NO, have substantially reduced vasoconstrictor effects. Infusion of the plasma from stored human red blood cell units into the rat circulation produces significant vasoconstriction related to the magnitude of storage-related hemolysis. Conclusions— The results of these studies suggest new mechanisms for endothelial injury and impaired vascular function associated with the most fundamental of storage lesions, hemolysis.
Nutrient Physiology , Metabolism , and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions Salt Dual-Fortified with Iodine and Micronized Ground Ferric Pyrophosphate Affects Iron Status but Not Hemoglobin in Children in Côte d ’ Ivoire 1

Deficiencies of iron and iodine are common in West Africa, and salt is one of very few food vehicles available for fortification. Salt dual-fortified with iodine and micronized ground ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) was tested for its efficacy in rural, tropical Côte d’Ivoire. First, salt and iron intakes, and iron bioavailability were estimated using 3-d weighed food records in 24 households. Local iodized salt was then fortified with 3 mg Fe/g salt as ground FePP (mean particle size 1⁄4 2.5 mm), and stability, sensory and acceptability trials were done. The dual fortified salt (DFS) was distributed to households and its efficacy compared with that of iodized salt (IS) in a 6-mo, double-blind trial in 5to 15-y-old iron-deficient children (n 1⁄4 123). All children were dewormed at baseline. After 6 mo, serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin receptor (TfR) concentrations as well as body iron stores improved significantly in the DFS group but not in the IS GROUP (P, 0.05). Body iron increased from 4.66 2.7 to 5.96 2.7 mg/kg (mean6 SD) in the DFS group; concentrations before and after treatment in the IS group were 5.5 6 2.9 and 5.6 6 3.1 mg/kg, respectively. The hemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anemia did not change in either group. The prevalences of malaria, soil-transmitted helminths, and riboflavin deficiency were 55, 14, and 66%, respectively. In tropical West Africa, low-grade salt fortified with micronized ground FePP increased body iron stores but not hemoglobin in children. Iron utilization may have been impaired by the high prevalence of malaria and concurrent nutrient deficiencies. J. Nutr. 136: 1814–1820, 2006.
The positives, protocols, and perils of genome‐wide association

Genome‐wide association aims to comprehensively survey genetic variation for the purposes of disease and trait mapping. We provide a brief history of the development of genetic technology necessary to realize genome‐wide association. From there we identify and review the publicly available resources for conducting such work including the molecular technologies, genomic databases, and analytic tools. Following on from the analytic tools, we highlight common analytic considerations, ranging from study design, quality control, and data cleaning to association analysis and replication. We conclude with a look toward future developments such as the analysis of copy number variation and integration of expression and epigenetic phenomenon into genome‐wide association. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-Term Fluences of Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere

We report energy spectra of He, O, and Fe nuclei, extending from ∼0.3 keV/nucleon to ∼300 MeV/nucleon, integrated over the period from the Fall of 1997 to mid-2000. These fluence measurements were made at 1 AU using data from the SWICS, ULEIS, SIS, and CRIS instruments on ACE, and include contributions from fast and slow solar wind, coronal mass ejections, pickup ions, impulsive and gradual solar particle events, acceleration in corotating interaction regions and other interplanetary shocks, and anomalous and galactic cosmic rays. Fluence measurements of six additional species are presented in the energy region from ∼0.04 to ∼100 MeV/nucleon. We discuss the relative contributions of the various particle components, and comment on the shape and time dependence of the measured energy spectra.
Direct cell lineage analysis in Drosophila melanogaster by time-lapse, three-dimensional optical microscopy of living embryos

One of the first signs of cell differentiation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo occurs 3 h after fertilization, when discrete groups of cells enter their fourteenth mitosis in a spatially and temporally patterned manner creating mitotic domains (Foe, V. E. and G. M. Odell, 1989, Am. Zool. 29:617-652). To determine whether cell residency in a mitotic domain is determined solely by cell position in this early embryo, or whether cell lineage also has a role, we have developed a technique for directly analyzing the behavior of nuclei in living embryos. By microinjecting fluorescently labeled histones into the syncytial embryo, the movements and divisions of each nucleus were recorded without perturbing development by using a microscope equipped with a high resolution, charge-coupled device. Two types of developmental maps were generated from three-dimensional time-lapse recordings: one traced the lineage history of each nucleus from nuclear cycle 11 through nuclear cycle 14 in a small region of the embryo; the other recorded nuclear fate according to the timing and pattern of the 14th nuclear division. By comparing these lineage and fate maps for two embryos, we conclude that, at least for the examined area, the pattern of mitotic domain formation in Drosophila is determined by the position of each cell, with no effect of cell lineage.
Myoglobin translational diffusion in rat myocardium and its implication on intracellular oxygen transport

Current theory of respiratory control invokes a role of myoglobin (Mb)‐facilitated O2 diffusion in regulating the intracellular O2 flux, provided Mb diffusion can compete effectively with free O2 diffusion. Pulsed‐field gradient NMR methods have now followed gradient‐dependent changes in the distinct 1H NMR γ CH3 Val E11 signal of MbO2 in perfused rat myocardium to obtain the endogenous Mb translational diffusion coefficient (DMb) of 4.24 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 at 22°C. The DMb matches precisely the value predicted by in vivo NMR rotational diffusion measurements of Mb and shows no orientation preference. Given values in the literature for the Krogh's free O2 diffusion coefficient (K0), myocardial Mb concentration and a partial pressure of O2 that half saturates Mb (P50), the analysis yields an equipoise diffusion P O 2 of 1.77 mmHg, where Mb and free O2 contribute equally to the O2 flux. In the myocardium, Mb‐facilitated O2 diffusion contributes increasingly more than free O2 diffusion when the P O 2 falls below 1.77 mmHg. In skeletal muscle, the P O 2 must fall below 5.72 mmHg. Altering the Mb P50 induces modest change. Mb‐facilitated diffusion has a higher poise in skeletal muscle than in myocardium. Because the basal P O 2 hovers around 10 mmHg, Mb does not have a predominant role in facilitating O2 transport in myocardium but contributes significantly only when cellular oxygen falls below the equipoise diffusion P O 2.
Neighbourhood ethnic composition and diet among Mexican-Americans

Abstract Objectives We explore the association between a neighbourhood’s ethnic composition and the foods and nutrients consumed by Mexican-Americans. Design Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–94), was linked to the 1990 Census. The outcomes were food frequencies and serum levels of micronutrients. The variable of interest was percentage of Mexican-Americans at the census tract level. Setting United States. Subjects A total of 5306 Mexican-American men and women aged 17–90 years. Results Increased percentage of Mexican-Americans at the census tract level was associated with less consumption of fruits, carrots, spinach/greens and broccoli and with lower serum levels of Se, lycopene, α-carotene, vitamin C and folate. By contrast, increased percentage of Mexican-Americans at the census tract level was associated with more consumption of corn, tomatoes, hot red chilli peppers and legumes such as beans, lentils or chickpeas. Conclusions An increased percentage of Mexican-Americans at the census tract level was associated with less consumption of selective foods (e.g. some fruits, broccoli) and low levels of serum Se or vitamin C, but it was associated with more consumption of other foods (e.g. legumes, tomatoes, corn products) that may have positive effects on health in this population.
Giving the Underdog a Leg Up

In the current work, we experimentally examined the effect of exposure to a narrative of nonviolent resistance on third-party attitudes toward and support for a disempowered group involved in asymmetric conflict. Across three experiments, we found that Americans exposed to a brief video about Palestinian nonviolent resistance consistently registered more favorable attitudes toward Palestinians than people who watched a film trailer either unrelated to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict or a trailer to a Palestinian-made film about sympathetic Palestinians violently opposing Israelis. Americans’ attitudes toward Palestinians and behavior supporting Palestinian collective action persisted weeks after exposure to nonviolent resistance and were mediated by decreased perceptions that Palestinians are inherently violent. Importantly, positive attitudes toward Palestinians did not result in increased negativity toward Israelis. These data show that exposure to nonviolent resistance can have lasting effects on third-party attitudes and behavior toward an underdog/disempowered group, without driving partisanship.