Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filtering : A Low Energy and High Performance Design

Powerful branch predictors along with a large branch target buffer (BTB) are employed in superscalar processors for instruction-level parallelism exploitation. However, the large BTB not only dominates the predictor energy consumption, but also becomes a major roadblock in achieving faster clock frequencies at deep sub-micron technologies. In this paper, we propose a filtering scheme to reduce the accesses to the BTB to achieve a significant dynamic energy reduction in the BTB while maintaining the performance. Our experimental evaluation using the SPEC2000 benchmark suite shows that our BTB Access Filtering (BAF) design achieves a 88.5% dynamic energy reduction over a default 2K-entry 2-way BTB at the cost of a negligible 0.1% performance loss, on the average across all benchmarks. We also studied the leakage behavior and its control in our BAF design. The results show that by applying a drowsy strategy, we can achieve a very effective leakage control in the BTB, a 83% leakage reduction at a marginal 0.3% performance overhead. For high performance design, our BAF can also improve BTB’s performance scalability at new technologies. In deeply-pipelined designs, BAF design yields a 2.7% (and 8.1%) performance improvement over a conventional 2-cycle (and 3-cycle) BTB, with its energy efficiency fully exploited.
MAXSIM: A Maximum Similarity Metric for Machine Translation Evaluation

We propose an automatic machine translation (MT) evaluation metric that calculates a similarity score (based on precision and recall) of a pair of sentences. Unlike most metrics, we compute a similarity score between items across the two sentences. We then find a maximum weight matching between the items such that each item in one sentence is mapped to at most one item in the other sentence. This general framework allows us to use arbitrary similarity functions between items, and to incorporate different information in our comparison, such as n-grams, dependency relations, etc. When evaluated on data from the ACL-07 MT workshop, our proposed metric achieves higher correlation with human judgements than all 11 automatic MT evaluation metrics that were evaluated during the workshop.
Accuracy Analysis of Estimation of 2-D Flow Profile in Conduits by Results of Multipath Flow Measurements

The paper presents a model of distorted velocity distribution of a flow in conduit, which passes through its bent section. The proposed model is properly analyzed. An algorithm for recovering the pipe profile by multipath ultrasonic measurements in the presence of a priori information is proposed. Numerical simulations with the proposed algorithm are performed as well.
CHARA Array K'-Band Measurements of the Angular Dimensions of Be Star Disks

We present the first K′-band, long-baseline interferometric observations of the northern Be stars γ Cas, ϕ Per, ζ Tau, and κ Dra. The measurements were made with multiple telescope pairs of the CHARA Array interferometer and in every case the observations indicate that the circumstellar disks of the targets are resolved. We fit the interferometric visibilities with predictions from a simple disk model that assumes an isothermal gas in Keplerian rotation. We derive fits of the four model parameters (disk base density, radial density exponent, disk normal inclination, and position angle) for each of the targets. The resulting densities are in broad agreement with prior studies of the IR excess flux, and the resulting orientations generally agree with those from interferometric Hα and continuum polarimetric observations. We find that the angular size of the K′ disk emission is smaller than that determined for the Hα emission, and we argue that the difference is the result of a larger Hα opacity and the relatively larger neutral hydrogen fraction with increasing disk radius. All the targets are known binaries with faint companions, and we find that companions appear to influence the interferometric visibilities in the cases of ϕ Per and κ Dra. We also present contemporaneous observations of the Hα, Hγ, and Brγ emission lines. Synthetic model profiles of these lines that are based on the same disk inclination and radial density exponent as derived from the CHARA Array observations match the observed emission line strength if the disk base density is reduced by ≈1.7 dex.
Towards Cognitively Plausible Game Playing Systems

We propose to return to the roots of Artificial/ Computational Intelligence applicability to board games domain by attempting to mimic human way of playing (or human intelligence in a broader perspective). The paper provides the argumentation for potential virtues of developing cognitively-plausible pattern-based human-like playing systems. Such systems, besides playing games, may in principle, also be applied to other domains related to general problem-solving. In order to support theoretical considerations a cognitively-inspired game-playing framework is presented, "which is not focused on applying explicitly defined numerical evaluation function or performing extensive search, but instead takes advantage of context-based pattern templates and knowledge generalization techniques in a way that, to some extent, is alike to that of human players. Experimental evaluation of proposed approach in Connect Four proved its potential, "which also gives hope for successful application of the method to other, more demanding board games (e.g., chess or checkers). Certainly, reaching the level of play exhibited by the state of-the-art programs in the above-mentioned games, if at all attainable, would require substantial time and effort, but as advocated in the paper, this research avenue seems to be worth exploring.
Gel-forming mucins form distinct morphologic structures in airways

Significance Mucus propelled by cilia is key for removing particulates from lungs by mucociliary transport. The major structural components of airway mucus are two gel-forming mucins, MUC5B and MUC5AC. These mucins exhibit distinct morphologic structures. MUC5B is secreted by submucosal glands in the form of strands. MUC5AC is secreted by goblet cells as threads and thin sheets. After emerging onto the airway surface, the two mucins associate to form MUC5B strands partially covered with MUC5AC. These distinct morphologic structures likely enable efficient mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis, strands become entangled, MUC5B often fills submucosal gland ducts, and MUC5AC sheets are larger, are more abundant, and overlie strands. Disrupted anion secretion in cystic fibrosis alters mucin morphology, which will impair mucociliary transport. Gel-forming mucins, the primary macromolecular components of airway mucus, facilitate airway clearance by mucociliary transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF) altered mucus properties impair mucociliary transport. Airways primarily secrete two closely related gel-forming mucins, MUC5B and MUC5AC. However, their morphologic structures and associations in airways that contain abundant submucosal glands and goblet cells are uncertain. Moreover, there is limited knowledge about mucins in airways not affected by inflammation, infection, or remodeling or in CF airways. Therefore, we examined airways freshly excised from newborn non-CF pigs and CF pigs before secondary manifestations develop. We found that porcine submucosal glands produce MUC5B, whereas goblet cells produce predominantly MUC5AC plus some MUC5B. We found that MUC5B emerged from submucosal gland ducts in the form of strands composed of multiple MUC5B filaments. In contrast, MUC5AC emerged from goblet cells as wispy threads and sometimes formed mucin sheets. In addition, MUC5AC often partially coated the MUC5B strands. Compared with non-CF, MUC5B more often filled CF submucosal gland ducts. MUC5AC sheets also accumulated in CF airways overlying MUC5B strands. These results reveal distinct morphology and interactions for MUC5B and MUC5AC and suggest that the two mucins make distinct contributions to mucociliary transport. Thus, they provide a framework for understanding abnormalities in disease.
SPONTANEOUS LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC CHARR MEASURED BY A COMPUTERIZED IMAGING TECHNIQUE: ROLE OF BRAIN SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY

Using a computerized video-image analysis system, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in dominant and subordinate individuals of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in individuals treated with inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and re-uptake. Arctic charr were put together in pairs. After 1 week, subordinate individuals were found to have elevated brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a major 5-HT metabolite, suggesting an increase in serotonergic activity. The subordinate individuals had significantly lower spontaneous locomotor activity than the dominant fish. Similarly, Arctic charr displayed a significantly reduced locomotor activity when their serotonergic activity was stimulated by the specific 5- HT re-uptake inhibitor zimeldine. In contrast, fish treated with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine showed a significant increase in locomotor activity. Dominant, subordinate and pharmacologically treated fish all had very similar activity rhythms for the 18 h test period. Thus, neither the previous social experience nor the pharmacological treatment seemed to affect the diurnal activity rhythm per se. Taken together, these results suggest that the brain serotonergic system inhibits locomotor activity and support the possibility that 5-HT is involved in the inhibition of locomotor activity displayed by subordinate fish.
Clinical recognition of early invasive malignant melanoma.

STEPHEN LEEDER Professor MICHAEL GLIKSMAN Research Fellow Department of Community Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia. I Beaglehole R, Dobson A, Hobbs MS, Jackson R, IMlartin CA. Coronary heart disease in Australia atad New Zealand. Itzt Eptpidemiol 1989;18(suppl 1): 145-8. 2 Svtkowski PA, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB. Changes in risk factors and the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease. N Engil Mfed 1990;322:1635-41. 3 Al-Roomi KA, Dobson AJ, Hall E, Heller RF, Magnus P. Dcclining mortality from ischaemic heart discasc and cercbrovascular diseasc itn Australia. Am_Y Ept'demiol 1989;129:503-10. 4 Keys A, Menotti A, Karsonen AJ, et al. The dict and 15-ycar death rates in the seven countries study. Amj Epidemiiol 1986;124:903-15. 5 Gold M, Franks P. The social origin of cardiovascular risk: an investigation in a rural community. Init7 Health Serv 1990;20:40516. 6 Gliksman M1D, Dwver 1, Wlodarczyk J. Differences in modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian schoolchildren: the results of a nationwide survey. Prev Med 1990;19: 291-304. 7 Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Intj Epidemiol 1985;14:32-8. 8 Gilksman MD, Dwyer T, Boulton 'IJC. Should the primary prevention of coronary heart disease commence in childhood? Mled]7Aaust 1987;146:360-2. 9 McCormick J, Skrabanek P. Coronary heart disease is not preventable by population interventions. Lancet 1988;it:839-41. 10 Svme SL. Coronary artery disease: a sociocultural perspective. Circulation 1987;76(suppl 1): 112-6. 11 Hall J, Heller RF, Dobson AJ, Lloyd DM1, Sanson-Fisher RW, Leeder SR. A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatite strategies for the presvention of heart disease. Med 7 Aust 1988;148: 273-7.
Effective Data Mining Using Neural Networks

Classification is one of the data mining problems receiving great attention recently in the database community. The paper presents an approach to discover symbolic classification rules using neural networks. Neural networks have not been thought suited for data mining because how the classifications were made is not explicitly stated as symbolic rules that are suitable for verification or interpretation by humans. With the proposed approach, concise symbolic rules with high accuracy can be extracted from a neural network. The network is first trained to achieve the required accuracy rate. Redundant connections of the network are then removed by a network pruning algorithm. The activation values of the hidden units in the network are analyzed, and classification rules are generated using the result of this analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is clearly demonstrated by the experimental results on a set of standard data mining test problems.
Overcoming bias to learn about controversial topics

Deciding whether a claim is true or false often requires a deeper understanding of the evidence supporting and contradicting the claim. However, when presented with many evidence documents, users do not necessarily read and trust them uniformly. Psychologists and other researchers have shown that users tend to follow and agree with articles and sources that hold viewpoints similar to their own, a phenomenon known as confirmation bias. This suggests that when learning about a controversial topic, human biases and viewpoints about the topic may affect what is considered “trustworthy” or credible. It is an interesting challenge to build systems that can help users overcome this bias and help them decide the truthfulness of claims. In this article, we study various factors that enable humans to acquire additional information about controversial claims in an unbiased fashion. Specifically, we designed a user study to understand how presenting evidence with contrasting viewpoints and source expertise ratings affect how users learn from the evidence documents. We find that users do not seek contrasting viewpoints by themselves, but explicitly presenting contrasting evidence helps them get a well‐rounded understanding of the topic. Furthermore, explicit knowledge of the credibility of the sources and the context in which the source provides the evidence document not only affects what users read but also whether they perceive the document to be credible.
Parvovirus B19 as a possible causative agent of fulminant liver failure and associated aplastic anemia

We recently observed that more than one third of pediatric patients who presented with non‐A, non‐B fulminant liver failure (FLF) also developed aplastic anemia (AA) either before or shortly after liver transplantation. Factors involved in the suppression of bone marrow could be the same as those causing hepatic failure. We considered parvovirus B19 a candidate etiologic agent because of the known tropism of B19 for erythroid precursors. Archived liver and serum from six patients undergoing liver transplantation for non‐A, non‐B, non‐C FLF with associated AA were analyzed for the presence of B19 DNA and anti‐B19 serology. An age‐ and gendermatched control group (N = 44) was analyzed in parallel. B19 DNA studies and anti‐B19 serology were performed in a blinded fashion. B19 serologies were performed by antibody capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). B19 DNA was detected after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of target B19 DNA sequences in liver and serum. Liver tissue showed evidence of B19 DNA in four of six (66%) patients with FLF and associated AA. Two of 4 patients with cryptogenic FLF but without AA had B19 DNA detected in the liver tissue. Of the 34 remaining controls, only 5 (15%) showed evidence of B19 DNA in liver tissue (66% vs. 15%, P = .016). B19 DNA was not detected in any of the test or control sera. This study provides evidence to support the role of parvovirus B19 in the development of FLF and associated AA. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1661‐1665).
Human-Induced Changes in Landscape Configuration Influence Individual Movement Routines: Lessons from a Versatile, Highly Mobile Species

Landscape conversion by humans may have detrimental effects on animal populations inhabiting managed ecosystems, but human-altered areas may also provide suitable environments for tolerant species. We investigated the spatial ecology of a highly mobile nocturnal avian species–the red-necked nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis)–in two contrastingly managed areas in Southwestern Spain to provide management recommendations for species having multiple habitat requirements. Based on habitat use by radiotagged nightjars, we created maps of functional heterogeneity in both areas so that the movements of breeding individuals could be modeled using least-cost path analyses. In both the natural and the managed area, nightjars used remnants of native shrublands as nesting sites, while pinewood patches (either newly planted or natural mature) and roads were selected as roosting and foraging habitats, respectively. Although the fraction of functional habitat was held relatively constant (60.9% vs. 74.1% in the natural and the managed area, respectively), landscape configuration changed noticeably. As a result, least-cost routes (summed linear distances) from nest locations to the nearest roost and foraging sites were three times larger in the natural than in the managed area (mean ± SE: 1356±76 m vs. 439±32 m). It seems likely that the increased proximity of functional habitats in the managed area relative to the natural one is underlying the significantly higher abundances of nightjars observed therein, where breeders should travel shorter distances to link together essential resources, thus likely reducing their energy expenditure and mortality risks. Our results suggest that landscape configuration, but not habitat availability, is responsible for the observed differences between the natural and the managed area in the abundance and movements of breeding nightjars, although no effect on body condition was detected. Agricultural landscapes could be moderately managed to preserve small native remnants and to favor the juxtaposition of functional habitats to benefit those farm species relying on patchy resources.
Soft Color Segmentation and Its Applications

We propose an automatic approach to soft color segmentation, which produces soft color segments with an appropriate amount of overlapping and transparency essential to synthesizing natural images for a wide range of image-based applications. Although many state-of-the-art and complex techniques are excellent at partitioning an input image to facilitate deriving a semantic description of the scene, to achieve seamless image synthesis, we advocate a segmentation approach designed to maintain spatial and color coherence among soft segments while preserving discontinuities by assigning to each pixel a set of soft labels corresponding to their respective color distributions. We optimize a global objective function, which simultaneously exploits the reliability given by global color statistics and flexibility of local image compositing, leading to an image model where the global color statistics of an image is represented by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), whereas the color of a pixel is explained by a local color mixture model where the weights are defined by the soft labels to the elements of the converged GMM. Transparency is naturally introduced in our probabilistic framework, which infers an optimal mixture of colors at an image pixel. To adequately consider global and local information in the same framework, an alternating optimization scheme is proposed to iteratively solve for the global and local model parameters. Our method is fully automatic and is shown to converge to a good optimal solution. We perform extensive evaluation and comparison and demonstrate that our method achieves good image synthesis results for image-based applications such as image matting, color transfer, image deblurring, and image colorization.
Experimental characterization procedure for a synchronous machine model with saturation and arbitrary rotor network representation

This paper sets forth the experimental procedure for obtaining the parameter set of a synchronous machine model with saturation and arbitrary linear network representation for the rotor. The method utilizes a combination of magnetization curves and standstill frequency-response tests. A novel test procedure is proposed for obtaining the turns ratio. The rotor's transfer function and stator leakage inductance are extracted from the frequency response using genetic algorithms.
Fractionation of liver plasma membranes prepared by zonal centrifugation.

1. Plasma membranes were isolated from crude nuclear sediments from mouse and rat liver by a rate-dependent centrifugation through a sucrose density gradient contained in the ;A' type zonal rotor. 2. The membranes were further purified by isopycnic centrifugation, and characterized enzymically, chemically and morphologically. 3. When the plasma-membrane fraction of sucrose density 1.17g/cm(3) was dispersed in a tight-fitting homogenizer, two subfractions of densities 1.12 and 1.18 were obtained by isopycnic centrifugation. 4. The light subfraction contained 5'-nucleotidase, nucleoside diphosphatase, leucine naphthylamidase and Mg(2+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activities at higher specific activities than unfractionated membranes. The heavy subfraction was deficient in the above enzymes but contained higher Na(+)+K(+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity. 5. The light subfraction contained twice as much phospholipid and cholesterol, and three times as much N-acetylneuraminic acid relative to unit protein weight as the heavy subfraction. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated differences in protein composition. 6. Electron microscopy showed the light subfraction to be vesicular. The heavy subfraction contained membrane strips with junctional complexes in addition to vesicles.
Enumerating maximal cliques in temporal graphs

Dynamics of interactions play an increasingly important role in the analysis of complex networks. A modeling framework to capture this are temporal graphs. We focus on enumerating Δ-cliques, an extension of the concept of cliques to temporal graphs: for a given time period Δ, a Δ-clique in a temporal graph is a set of vertices and a time interval such that all vertices interact with each other at least after every Δ time steps within the time interval. Viard, Latapy, and Magnien [ASONAM 2015] proposed a greedy algorithm for enumerating all maximal Δ-cliques in temporal graphs. In contrast to this approach, we adapt to the temporal setting the Bron-Kerbosch algorithm - an efficient, recursive backtracking algorithm which enumerates all maximal cliques in static graphs. We obtain encouraging results both in theory (concerning worst-case time analysis based on the parameter “Δ-slice degeneracy” of the underlying graph) as well as in practice with experiments on real-world data. The latter culminates in a significant improvement for most interesting Δ-values concerning running time in comparison with the algorithm of Viard, Latapy, and Magnien (typically two orders of magnitude).