Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Police Decision-Making in the Gray Zone

Research finds mentally ill persons have higher rates of police contacts, arrests, and criminal charges for minor offenses and noncriminal behavior. It remains unclear whether the decision-making process and factors affecting discretion reflect a procedural bias that criminalizes the mentally ill. Using observational data from a Canadian police service, the findings suggest higher odds for criminal charges with serious offenses, males, older citizens, a prior criminal record, being under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and being uncooperative with requests for information and compliance. The odds of a citation are higher for proactive calls, more serious offenses, older citizens, mentally ill persons, those under the influence, or with a disrespectful demeanor. The overall findings suggest an indirect procedural bias exists due to situational constraints, a disjuncture between policy and police culture, and limited mental health resources that lead to response strategies that contribute to criminalization of the mentally ill.
Radical prostatectomy, preservation of sexual function, cancer control. The controversy.

In this article, I have addressed some of the important controversies regarding the safety and efficacy of radical prostatectomy with the preservation of sexual function: (1) How often is sexual function preserved? (2) Does preservation of sexual function interfere with cancer control? (3) Are there tricks to performing the operation? and (4) Who is a candidate? Overall, 72 per cent of patients are potent postoperatively. The probability of return of sexual function correlates with the age of the patient and the stage of the lesion. In addition, it appears that only one neurovascular bundle is necessary for the return of sexual function because 69 per cent of men who undergo wide excision of one neurovascular bundle are potent postoperatively. The question whether preservation of sexual function compromises the removal of tumor can be analyzed in several ways. On the basis of operative descriptions and the evaluation of whole-mount cross sections of prostates removed by standard radical perineal and radical retropubic techniques, it appears that the neurovascular bundles were not completely resected in the past using standard techniques. However, with knowledge of the location of these neurovascular bundles, they can now be excised more widely when necessary than was previously possible. Furthermore, evaluation of surgical margins of excision gave no indication that the nerve-sparing modification compromises the adequacy of the removal of cancer, which is determined primarily by the extent of the tumor rather than by the operative technique. However, controversy surrounding this procedure will not be settled until long-term follow-up data are available to determine whether the control of local disease and distant metastases is similar to that achieved with standard radical prostatectomies. To aid in this comparison, we have been careful not to use postoperative adjuvant hormonal or radiation therapy so that we will be able to evaluate the true impact of radical prostatectomy on the control of cancer. To preserve sexual function, a variety of fine points in surgical technique must be observed. These have been discussed in detail. It is my opinion that any patient who is a candidate for radical prostatectomy is a candidate for intra-operative assessment of the extent of tumor and the location of the neurovascular bundles. Based on this information, the surgeon can make an informed decision whether the neurovascular bundles can be safely preserved or excised widely with the specimen. In all surgical approaches to prostatic cancer, the primary goal must be excision of all tumor; preservation of sexual function should be of secondary concern. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
N-gram over Context

Our proposal, $N$-gram over Context (NOC), is a nonparametric topic model that aims to help our understanding of a given corpus, and be applied to many text mining applications. Like other topic models, NOC represents each document as a mixture of topics and generates each word from one topic. Unlike these models, NOC focuses on both a topic structure as an internal linguistic structure, and N-gram as an external linguistic structure. To improve the quality of topic specific N-grams, NOC reveals a tree of topics that captures the semantic relationship between topics from a given corpus as context, and forms $N$-gram by offering power-law distributions for word frequencies on this topic tree. To gain both these linguistic structures efficiently, NOC learns them from a given corpus in a unified manner. By accessing this entire tree at the word level in the generative process of each document, NOC enables each document to maintain a thematic coherence and form $N$-grams over context. We develop a parallelizable inference algorithm, D-NOC, to support large data sets. Experiments on review articles/papers/tweet show that NOC is useful as a generative model to discover both the topic structure and the corresponding N-grams, and well complements human experts and domain specific knowledge. D-NOC can process large data sets while preserving full generative model performance, by the help of an open-source distributed machine learning framework.
Partial matching of planar polylines under similarity transformations

Given two planar polylines T and P with n and m edges, respectively, we present an O(m{sup 2}n{sup 2}) time, O(mn) space algorithm to find portions of the {open_quotes}text{close_quotes} T which are similar in shape to the {open_quotes}pattern{close_quotes} P. In the common case of a simple pattern, such as a line segment or comer, m = O(l) and our algorithm requires O(n{sup 2}) time and O(n) space. We use the well-known arclength versus cumulative turning angle graph to judge how well a scaled, rotated, and translated version of the pattern matches a piece of the text. Our match scoring function balances the length of a match against the mean squared error in the match; given two matches with the same mean squared error (length), the longer (lower mean squared error) match will have a higher score. The match score is a function of the pattern scale, orientation, and position within the text, and our algorithm seeks to find local maxima of the scoring function. An analytic formula for the highest scoring pattern orientation in terms of scale and position leaves us with a search problem in scale-position space. This space is divided by a set of lines into combinatorially distinctmore » regions in each of which we have an analytic formula for the scoring function. Our algorithm discovers local maxima of the scoring function by performing a topological line sweep over this scale-position space line arrangement. « less
Values, feelings, job satisfaction and well-being: the Turkish case

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between universal individual value priorities, feelings and global job satisfaction as well as satisfaction with life in Turkish context. The sub-research question is to learn the moderation effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between values, experienced feelings and life satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Analytical type of research design was used, and the data were obtained from 390 respondents who are the employees of different organizations in three cities in Turkey. Four measurement devices (Schwartz’s ten-item Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ), Brayfield-Rothe’s overall job satisfaction (OJS), and Diener’s Scale of positive and negative experience (SPANE) and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)) were employed. Findings – It was understood that the participants are slightly to moderately satisfied both with their job tasks and with the evaluation of global satisfaction of their own lives. The values of self-dir.
Solitary C1 Posterior Fixation for Unstable Isolated Atlas Fractures: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Study Design A systematic review of the literature. Objectives To review the published results to date of motion-preserving direct reconstruction of C1 ring fractures with combined coronal plane displacement of at least 7 mm (rule of Spence) and so at risk for Dickman type I or II disruption of the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL). Methods A structured literature review prompted by successful management of a typical case. Results To date only 65 such cases are reported and follow-up is almost uniformly short. Although reported clinical success is uniform, the case mix is heterogenous and confirmation/classification of ligamentous injury at baseline is often lacking. Conclusions Direct C1 stabilization shows promise as a “more selective” option in managing displaced atlas fractures with probable TAL disruption but cannot yet be recommended as a practice standard. Prospective clinical studies are indicated and should be structured so as to differentiate between Dickman type I and type II injuries of the TAL.
On Enhancing the Speed of Splatting Using Both Object- and Image-Space Coherence

Abstract Splatting is an object-order volume rendering algorithm that produces images of high quality, and for which several optimization techniques have been proposed. This paper presents new techniques that accelerate splatting algorithms by exploiting both object-space and image-space coherence. In particular, we propose two visibility test methods suitable for octree-based splatting. The first method, based on dynamic image-space range trees, offers an accurate occlusion test and does not trade off image quality. The second method, based on image-space quadtrees, uses an approximate occlusion test that is faster than the first algorithm. Although the approximate visibility test may produce visual artifacts in rendering, the introduced error is usually not found very often. Tests with several datasets of useful sizes and complexities showed considerable speedups with respect to the splatting algorithm enhanced with octree only. Considering that they are very easy to implement, and need little additional memory, our techniques will be used as very effective splatting methods.
Genomic and genetic characterization of cholangiocarcinoma identifies therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with a poor outcome that accounts for 5%-10% of primary liver cancers. We characterized its genomic and genetic features and associated these with patient responses to therapy. METHODS We profiled the transcriptomes from 104 surgically resected cholangiocarcinoma samples collected from patients in Australia, Europe, and the United States; epithelial and stromal compartments from 23 tumors were laser capture microdissected. We analyzed mutations in KRAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and BRAF in samples from 69 tumors. Changes in gene expression were validated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry; integrative genomics combined data from the patients with data from 7 human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, which were then exposed to trastuzumab and lapatinib. RESULTS Patients were classified into 2 subclasses, based on 5-year survival rate (72% vs 30%; χ(2) = 11.61; P < . 0007), time to recurrence (13.7 vs 22.7 months; P < .001), and the absence or presence of KRAS mutations (24.6%), respectively. Class comparison identified 4 survival subgroups (SGI-IV; χ(2) = 8.34; P < . 03); SGIII was characterized by genes associated with proteasomal activity and the worst prognosis. The tumor epithelium was defined by deregulation of the HER2 network and frequent overexpression of EGFR, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), pRPS6, and Ki67, whereas stroma was enriched in inflammatory cytokines. Lapatinib, an inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR, was more effective in inhibiting growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines than trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS We provide insight into the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and identify previously unrecognized subclasses of patients, based on KRAS mutations and increased levels of EGFR and HER2 signaling, who might benefit from dual-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The group of patients with the worst prognosis was characterized by transcriptional enrichment of genes that regulate proteasome activity, indicating new therapeutic targets.
Seasonal Variation in Suicide in a Predominantly Caucasian Tropical/Subtropical Region of Australia

Seasonal variations in suicide were examined in a Caucasian population living relatively close to the equator. A spring/early summer peak, but no secondary autumn peak, was found for males. An autumn trough was found for females. No significant seasonal variation was found for rurality, distance from the equator, employment status, or methods of suicide. Post-mortem blood alcohol levels were higher in spring and summer, possibly reflecting socialization patterns. The modest associations are consistent with suggestion that climatic influences may produce greater variation in suicide rates where the climatic variation itself is greater.
A comparison of dynamic traffic grooming algorithms for elastic optical networks

We review a number of dynamic traffic grooming algorithms proposed by Zhang et al. for elastic optical networks and extend their study. We first extend their work to analyse the impact of using different modulation formats (either used individually or jointly), as well as to evaluate the performance of the methods when facing physical layer impairment constraints. Moreover, we also apply a techno-economic model in order to compare the algorithms not only from a performance perspective, but also from the point of view of the operational costs associated with the different methods.
Deficit of Prepulse Inhibition in Mice Caused by Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acid Deficiencies.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain and plays an important role in learning and memory. It was shown that profound DHA deficiency led to modification in dopamine and serotonin systems. Prepulse inhibition is deficient in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and can be disrupted in animals by dopamine and serotonin agonist administration. DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) are biosynthesized from α‐linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n‐3), a shorter chain n‐3 fatty acid precursor or obtained with a diet.
Surgical techniques for alveolar socket preservation: a systematic review.

PURPOSE To evaluate, through a systematic review of the literature, the efficacy of different surgical techniques in maintaining residual bone in the alveolar process following tooth extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE/PubMed was searched through January 2010 and papers were selected according to the CONSORT statement and an independent three-stage screening process. The selected outcome variables were clinical width and height changes of the socket, and means and standard deviations were calculated from the included studies. For those studies that were randomized controlled trials, six meta-analyses were performed by dividing studies into three groups with regard to the use of barriers and grafting (barriers alone, graft alone, or both). RESULTS Thirteen papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analyses. Statistically significant ridge preservation was found for studies that used barriers alone; the pooled weighted mean was 0.909 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.497554 to 1.320732 mm) for bone height, while the mean for bone width was 2.966 mm (95% confidence interval, 2.334770 to 3.598300 mm). CONCLUSIONS Socket preservation procedures are effective in limiting horizontal and vertical ridge alterations in postextraction sites. The meta-analysis indicates that the use of barrier membranes alone might improve normal wound healing in extraction sites.
Humor coping, health status, and life satisfaction among older adults residing in assisted living facilities

The present study examined the relationships between humor coping, health status, and life satisfaction among older residents of assisted living facilities. A structural equation model with latent variables was specified for the three variables. Health status was expected to directly affect humor coping and life satisfaction. Humor coping was hypothesized to have a direct association with life satisfaction and indirectly affect the relationship between health status and life satisfaction. Participants completed the Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, Coping Humor Scale, and Life Satisfaction Index A. The relationships between health status and humor coping and health status and life satisfaction were statistically significant. Both the direct association of humor coping on life satisfaction and the intervening role between health status and life satisfaction were not supported. Humor as a coping strategy seems to be available to older adults who are in better health.
The Influence of Culture on Chronic Pain: A Collective Review of Local andInternational Literature

Chronic pain poses a therapeutic challenge to the healthcare community and is particularly prevalent in the psychiatric patient population. Research supports that chronic pain is a multifaceted process and the concurrent interplay between pathophysiology, cognitive, affective, behavioral and sociocultural factors summate to what is referred to as the chronic pain experience. The adequate treatment of pain has been highlighted in recent years with emphasis on the need for a multidisciplinary approach. It has emerged that chronic pain is experienced differently among patients of differing cultures and ethnicities. Objectives: The objectives were to identify and critically appraise relevant research and give an integrated comprehensive overview of key considerations for the interaction of culture and chronic pain. Findings would potentially identify and stimulate areas for local research, while promoting awareness, multidisciplinary cooperation and policy development to inform decision-making and culturally relevant clinical practice. Methods: A collective review of local and international literature was conducted using a systematic approach. Articles from the last 20 years, across three major disciplines were identified by relevance to the research question and key words. A final total of 30 articles were retrieved, categorized, analyzed, and synthesized. Results: The reviewed data yielded a large number of potential outcomes to examine, ranging from patient variables, to limitations of healthcare providers to shortcomings of the healthcare system. Discussion: Chronic pain is a multidimensional, composite experience shaped by interweaving and coinfluencing biological and psychosocial factors. Understanding the culmination of these factors is pivotal to appreciating the differences in its manifestation and management.
Ethnic Politics, Representative Bureaucracy and Development Administration: The Zambian Case

Ethnic groups argue that a certain proportion of administrative positions should be filled by their members. This concern assumes that a bureaucrat applies to his tasks the values and interests of his social background. Evidence from Zambia, a country in which ethnic and regional differences have been highly politicized, suggests that this assumption lacks empirical support. The fundamental guidelines that appear to shape administrative behavior in Zambia are the calculations of what must be done to achieve individual career advancement. Administrators are, in addition, constrained from pursuing parochial interests by the range of authority and discretion attached to their particular positions. Although bureaucrats do not appear to provide ideal representatives for ethnic interests, the ethnic composition of the most visible echelons of the government is of critical political significance. This is particularly evident in a country like Zambia where ethnically defined groups are contending for positions in the new postcolonial society. The symbols of power can be as important as power itself.
[Effect of Adolescents' Abuse Experience on Suicidal Ideation: Focused on Moderated Mediation Effect of Self-esteem on Depression and Anxiety].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating mediation effect of self-esteem on the relations among adolescents' abuse experiences, depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation. METHODS The participants were selected using secondary data from a population in the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and SPSS Macro, and bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyze multilevel models. RESULTS First, analysis of the mediating effect of the adolescents' abuse showed that there was significant mediating influence between suicidal ideation and depression and anxiety. Second, hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-esteem had significant mediation effect on depression and anxiety in adolescents' suicidal ideation. Third, SPSS Macro showed that self-esteem also significantly moderated the mediating effect of adolescents' abuse experiences on suicidal ideation through depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION The study results suggest that in future research on adolescent's abuse experience, the risk of suicide in depression and anxiety scores should be selected through evaluation of each individual's self-esteem scale. Coping strategies with immediate early intervention should be suggested.
Atrial fibrillation and stroke: prevalence in different types of stroke and influence on early and long term prognosis (Oxfordshire community stroke project)

OBJECTIVE--To determine in patients with first ever stroke whether atrial fibrillation influences clinical features, the need to perform computed tomography, and prognosis. DESIGN--Observational cohort study with maximum follow up of 6.5 years. SETTING--Primary care, based on 10 general practices in urban and rural Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS--Consecutive series of 675 patients with first ever stroke registered in the Oxfordshire community stroke project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation by type of stroke; effect of atrial fibrillation on case fatality rate and risk of recurrent stroke, vascular death, and death from all causes. RESULTS--Prevalence of atrial fibrillation was 17% (95% confidence interval 14% to 20%) for all stroke types (115/675), 18% (15% to 21%) for cerebral infarction (97/545), 11% (4% to 11%) for primary intercerebral haemorrhage (7/66), and 0% (0 to 11%) for subarachnoid haemorrhage (0/33). For patients with cerebral infarction the 30 day case fatality rate was significantly higher with atrial fibrillation (23%) than with sinus rhythm (8%); the risk of early recurrent stroke (within 30 days) was 1% with atrial fibrillation and 4% with sinus rhythm. In patients who survived at least 30 days the average annual risk of recurrent stroke was 8.2% (5.9% to 10.9%) with sinus rhythm and 11% (6.0% to 17.3%) with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS--After a first stroke atrial fibrillation was not associated with a definite excess risk of recurrent stroke, either within 30 days or within the first few years. Survivors with and without atrial fibrillation had a clinically important absolute risk of further serious vascular events.