Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg in adults with primary insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxepin 1, 3, and 6 mg in insomnia patients. DESIGN Adults (18-64 y) with chronic primary insomnia (DSM-IV) were randomly assigned to one of four sequences of 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg of doxepin, and placebo in a crossover study. Treatment periods consisted of 2 polysomnographic assessment nights with a 5-day or 12-day drug-free interval between periods. Efficacy was assessed using polysomnography (PSG) and patient-reported measures. Safety analyses included measures of residual sedation and adverse events. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were randomized. Wake time during sleep, the a priori defined primary endpoint, was statistically significantly improved at the doxepin 3 mg and 6 mg doses versus placebo. All three doses had statistically significant improvements versus placebo for PSG-defined wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, and overall sleep efficiency (SE). SE in the final third-of-the-night also demonstrated statistically significant improvement at all doses. The doxepin 6 mg dose significantly reduced subjective latency to sleep onset. All three doxepin doses had a safety profile comparable to placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in next-day residual sedation, and sleep architecture was generally clinically preserved. CONCLUSIONS In adults with primary insomnia, doxepin 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg was well-tolerated and produced improvement in objective and subjective sleep maintenance and duration endpoints that persisted into the final hour of the night. The side-effect profile was comparable to placebo, with no reported anticholinergic effects, no memory impairment, and no significant hangover/next-day residual effects. These data demonstrate that doxepin 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg is efficacious in improving the sleep of patients with chronic primary insomnia.
Identification and Functional Analysis of Common Human Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 Genetic Variants

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important for the disposition of many therapeutics, environmental toxicants, and nutrients. FMO3, the major adult hepatic FMO enzyme, exhibits significant interindividual variation. Eighteen FMO3 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies were determined in 202 Hispanics (Mexican descent), 201 African Americans, and 200 non-Latino whites. Using expressed recombinant enzyme with methimazole, trimethylamine, sulindac, and ethylenethiourea, the novel structural variants FMO3 E24D and K416N were shown to cause modest changes in catalytic efficiency, whereas a third novel variant, FMO3 N61K, was essentially devoid of activity. The latter variant was present at an allelic frequency of 5.2% in non-Latino whites and 3.5% in African Americans, but it was absent in Hispanics. Inferring haplotypes using PHASE, version 2.1, the greatest haplotype diversity was observed in African Americans followed by non-Latino whites and Hispanics. Haplotype 2A and 2B, consisting of a hypermorphic promoter SNP cluster (-2650C>G, -2543T>A, and -2177G>C) in linkage with synonymous structural variants was inferred at a frequency of 27% in the Hispanic population, but only 5% in non-Latino whites and African Americans. This same promoter SNP cluster in linkage with one or more hypomorphic structural variant also was inferred in multiple haplotypes at a total frequency of 5.6% in the African-American study group but less than 1% in the other two groups. The sum frequencies of the hypomorphic haplotypes H3 [15,167G>A (E158K)], H5B [-2650C>G, 15,167G>A (E158K), 21,375C>T (N285N), 21,443A>G (E308G)], and H6 [15,167G>A (E158K), 21,375C>T (N285N)] was 28% in Hispanics, 23% in non-Latino whites, and 24% in African Americans.
Immediately loaded titanium implant with a tissue-stabilizing/maintaining design ('beyond platform switch') retrieved from man after 4 weeks: a histological and histomorphometrical evaluation. A case report.

BACKGROUND After implant insertion and loading, crestal bone usually undergoes remodeling and resorption. If the horizontal relationship between the outer edge of the implant and a smaller-diameter component ('platform switching') is altered, there seems to be reduced crestal bone loss. Immediate loading allows immediate restoration of esthetics and function, reduces morbidity, and facilitates functional rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three Morse cone connection implants were inserted in the right posterior mandible in a 29-year-old partially edentulous patient. The platform of the implant was inserted 2 mm below the level of the alveolar crest. After a 1-month loading period, the most distal mandibular implant was retrieved with a trephine bur for psychological reasons. RESULTS At low-power magnification, it was possible to see that bone was present 2 mm above the level of the implant shoulder. No resorption of the coronal bone was present. No infrabony pockets were present. At the level of the shoulder of the implant, it was possible to observe the presence of dense connective tissue with only a few scattered inflammatory cells. Newly formed bone was found in direct contact with the implant surface. The bone-implant contact percentage was 65.3+/-4.8%. CONCLUSIONS Abutments smaller than the diameter of the implant body (platform switching) in combination with an absence of micromovement and microgap may protect the peri-implant soft and mineralized tissues, explaining the observed absence of bone resorption. Immediate loading did not interfere with bone formation and did not have adverse effects on osseointegration.
Punishment sensitivity modulates the processing of negative feedback but not error-induced learning

Accumulating evidence suggests that individual differences in punishment and reward sensitivity are associated with functional alterations in neural systems underlying error and feedback processing. In particular, individuals highly sensitive to punishment have been found to be characterized by larger mediofrontal error signals as reflected in the error negativity/error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) and the feedback-related negativity (FRN). By contrast, reward sensitivity has been shown to relate to the error positivity (Pe). Given that Ne/ERN, FRN, and Pe have been functionally linked to flexible behavioral adaptation, the aim of the present research was to examine how these electrophysiological reflections of error and feedback processing vary as a function of punishment and reward sensitivity during reinforcement learning. We applied a probabilistic learning task that involved three different conditions of feedback validity (100%, 80%, and 50%). In contrast to prior studies using response competition tasks, we did not find reliable correlations between punishment sensitivity and the Ne/ERN. Instead, higher punishment sensitivity predicted larger FRN amplitudes, irrespective of feedback validity. Moreover, higher reward sensitivity was associated with a larger Pe. However, only reward sensitivity was related to better overall learning performance and higher post-error accuracy, whereas highly punishment sensitive participants showed impaired learning performance, suggesting that larger negative feedback-related error signals were not beneficial for learning or even reflected maladaptive information processing in these individuals. Thus, although our findings indicate that individual differences in reward and punishment sensitivity are related to electrophysiological correlates of error and feedback processing, we found less evidence for influences of these personality characteristics on the relation between performance monitoring and feedback-based learning.
A Look into Students’ Retention of Acquired Nature of Science Understandings

Having the learning and retention of science content and skills as a goal of scientific literacy, it is significant to study the issue of retention as it relates to teaching and learning about nature of science (NOS). Then, the purpose of this study was to investigate the development of NOS understandings of students, and the retention of these understandings four months after being acquired through explicit reflective instruction in relation to two contexts. Participants were 24 tenth-grade students at a private high school in a city in the Middle East. Explicit NOS instruction was addressed within a six-week unit about genetic engineering. Three NOS aspects were integrated and dispersed across the unit. A questionnaire, together with semi-structured interviews, was administered as pre-, post-, and delayed post-test to assess the retention of participants’ NOS understandings. The questionnaire had two open-ended scenarios addressing controversial socioscientific issues about genetically modified food and water fluoridation. Results showed that most students improved their naïve understandings of NOS in relation to the two contexts following the six-week unit with the explicit NOS instruction. However, these newly acquired NOS understandings were not retained by all students four months after instruction. Many of the students reverted back to their earlier naïve understandings. Conclusions about the factors facilitating the process of retention as the orientation to meaningful learning and the prolonged exposure to the domain were discussed in relation to practical implications in the classroom.
Measurement of in-air output ratios using different miniphantom materials

In-air output ratios, Sc, were measured using miniphantoms made of PMMA (thickness 2.4–24 g cm−2), graphite (1.8–26.5 g cm−2), copper (1.6–23.3 g cm−2) and lead (2.3–21.6 g cm−2), for collimator settings of 3 × 3 to 40 × 40 cm2, and x-ray energies of 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively. The effects of the miniphantom on Sc were quantified as correction factors as functions of collimator setting, material types and miniphantom thickness for each photon energy to correct the measured values. For miniphantoms with sufficient thickness to eliminate electron disequilibrium, the total correction factors can be expressed as multiplications of three factors: the attenuation correction factor, the mass energy absorption correction factor and the phantom scatter correction factor. This formalism implies that the collimator setting dependence of the correction factor is mainly caused by the energy spectrum shift. The narrow-beam attenuation coefficients in various phantom materials for different collimator settings were determined in narrow-beam geometries using a specially constructed collimator mounted on the tray holder of the accelerator. We have determined that the maximum total correction factor is approximately 1.01. For miniphantoms made of PMMA, graphite, copper and lead, at the miniphantom thickness of 10 g cm−2, the maximum total correction factors are 1.002, 1.003, 1.005, 1.007, and 1.002, 1.003, 1.008 and 1.009 for 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively.
Narrow- control-bandwidth Operation of Piezoelectric-transformer Converter

According to the operating and efficiency properties of piezoelectric-transformer, an input matching network (abbrev. IMN) attached to it is proposed in this paper. The main contributions are as follows: (1) The operating principles of piezoelectric-transformer are analyzed and its IMN is put forward. This enable piezoelectric-transformer converter operating area close to the resonant frequency as well as the control bandwidth narrow enough to improve the efficiency. (2)Analyses the electric property of IMN, and draw a conclusion, in agreement with analyze. (3)The simulation is achieved by PSPICE, and the results show that operating bandwidth of the entire resonant network, including IMN and PT, are much narrower than that without IMN but only piezoelectric-transformer.
Heart Rate Measures of Flight Test and Evaluation

One of the goals of aircraft test and evaluation is to determine whether the crew can operate a new system safely and effectively. Because flying is a complex task, several measures are required to derive the best evaluation. This article describes the use of heart rate to augment the typical performance and subjective measures used in test and evaluation. Heart rate can be nonintrusively collected and provides additional information to the test team. Example data illustrate the nature of the results provided by heart rate during the test and evaluation of a transport aircraft. Comparison with subjective workload estimates shows discrepancies that provide valuable insights into the crews' responses to the demands of the test missions. Heart rate should be considered as an additional measure in the test and evaluation tool kit.
Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with first occurrence of heart failure and with relapsing heart failure: the Rotterdam Study.

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with first hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF). It is likely, however, that NSAIDs precipitate a relapse but are less likely to induce a first occurrence of (incident) heart failure. METHODS A total of 7277 participants in the Rotterdam Study were followed up from the interview date until the first of the following events: a diagnosis of incident heart failure, death, removal, or end of the follow-up period. Excluded from the study population were all participants with prevalent heart failure at baseline. Exposure to NSAIDs and other medication was calculated on the basis of automated data on filled drug prescriptions in the pharmacies within the study area. In a second analysis, we followed up all participants with incident heart failure until the first relapse or the end of follow-up. RESULTS Incident heart failure was encountered in 345 participants during follow-up. Current use of NSAIDs was associated with a relative risk of incident heart failure of 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-1.7), after adjustment for age, sex, and concomitant medication. In patients with prevalent heart failure who filled at least 1 NSAID prescription since diagnosis of heart failure, the univariate and adjusted relative risks of a relapse were 3.8 (95% CI, 1.1-12.7) and 9.9 (95% CI, 1.7-57.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of NSAIDs is not associated with an increased risk of incident heart failure. In patients with prevalent heart failure, current use of NSAIDs is associated with a substantially increased risk of a relapse.
Familial early-onset type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients: obesity and genetics have more significant roles than autoimmunity.

OBJECTIVE We examined the prevalence of different forms of diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese patients with familial early-onset type 2 diabetes and compared their clinical features with patients with familial late-onset type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 145 young patients with early-onset diabetes (age and age at diagnosis < or = 40 years) and a family history of diabetes were studied. They were screened for mutations in the genes encoding glucokinase, hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha, and HNF-1alpha. The mitochondrial DNA A-->G at nucleotide 3243 (mt3243) and amyLin S20G mutations were studied, and antibodies to GAD (anti-GADs) were also examined. RESULTS The prevalence of putative diabetogenic gene mutations and autoimmune markers were 4% for glucokinase, 0% for HNF-4alpha, 5% for HNF-1alpha, 3% for mt3243, 2% for amylin 520G, and 4% for anti-GAD. Compared with late-onset patients, the patients with early-onset diabetes had a higher prevalence of a parental history of diabetes and were generally more obese. When classified by obesity indexes (BMI and waist circumference), the obese patients, especially those with early-onset diabetes, had a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and increased rates of retinopathy and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS; Genetic factors (up to 14%) and obesity (55%) play more significant roles than autoimmunity (4%) in familial type 2 diabetes in young Chinese patients. The significance of obesity-related genes and other gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in these young patients remains to be determined.
Building Blocks of Self-Sustained Activity in a Simple Deterministic Model of Excitable Neural Networks

Understanding the interplay of topology and dynamics of excitable neural networks is one of the major challenges in computational neuroscience. Here we employ a simple deterministic excitable model to explore how network-wide activation patterns are shaped by network architecture. Our observables are co-activation patterns, together with the average activity of the network and the periodicities in the excitation density. Our main results are: (1) the dependence of the correlation between the adjacency matrix and the instantaneous (zero time delay) co-activation matrix on global network features (clustering, modularity, scale-free degree distribution), (2) a correlation between the average activity and the amount of small cycles in the graph, and (3) a microscopic understanding of the contributions by 3-node and 4-node cycles to sustained activity.
The more you can get the better: Mentoring constellations and intrinsic career success

This study focused on the relationship between mentoring constellations and intrinsic career success. Hierarchical regression analyses on the data of 416 female and 594 male university members showed that mentoring was positively associated with intrinsic career success (i.e., career satisfaction and intrinsic job satisfaction. Several characteristics of developmental networking appeared to be associated with intrinsic career success, e.g. size of the advice network, range, emotional intensity, frequency of the contacts, and years acquainted. Moreover, some moderating effects of gender on the relationship between mentoring constellations and intrinsic career success were found, e.g. for size of the advice network, emotional intensity, and stability of the relationship. Implications of results and directions for future research are discussed.
Feeling and thinking : the role of affect in social cognition

1. Introduction: the role of affect in social cognition Joseph P. Forgas Part I. Fundamental Issues: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition: 2. Nonconscious and noncognitive affect Robert Zajonc 3. Challenge and threat: the interplay of affect and cognition Jim Blascovich and Wendy Berry Mendes 4. Affect and appraisal Craig A. Smith and Leslie D. Kirby Part II. The Informational Role of Affect: 5. Cognitive and clinical perspectives on mood dependent memory Eric Eich and Dawn Macauley 6. Some conditions affecting overcorrection of the judgment-distorting influence of one's feelings Leonard Berkowitz, Sara Jaffee, Eunkyung Jo and Bartholomeu T. Troccoli 7. Mood as input: a configural view of mood effects Leonard L. Martin 8. Affective forecasting and durability bias: the problem of the invisible shield Dan Gilbert Part III. Affect and Information Processing: 9. Mood and general knowledge structures: happy moods and their impact on information processing Herbert Bless 10. A connectionist approach to understanding the impact of mood on cognitive functions of assimilation and accommodation 11. The role of different processing strategies in mediating mood effects on cognition Joseph P. Forgas Part IV. Affect and Social Knowledge Structures: 12. Self-organization in emotional contexts Carolin Showers 13. Prologues to a unified theory of affect, attitudes, stereotypes, and self-concept Anthony Greenwald 14. Interpersonal emotions, social cognition, and self-relevant thought Mark Leary 15. Emotional response categorization Paula Niedenthal 16. Integration and conclusions Joseph P. Forgas.
Negation and Speculation Identification in Chinese Language

Identifying negative or speculative narrative fragments from fact is crucial for natural language processing (NLP) applications. Previous studies on negation and speculation identification in Chinese language suffers much from two problems: corpus scarcity and the bottleneck in fundamental Chinese information processing. To resolve these problems, this paper constructs a Chinese corpus which consists of three sub-corpora from different resources. In order to detect the negative and speculative cues, a sequence labeling model is proposed. Moreover, a bilingual cue expansion method is proposed to increase the coverage in cue detection. In addition, this paper presents a new syntactic structure-based framework to identify the linguistic scope of a cue, instead of the traditional chunking-based framework. Experimental results justify the usefulness of our Chinese corpus and the appropriateness of our syntactic structure-based framework which obtained significant improvement over the stateof-the-art on negation and speculation identification in Chinese language. *
Facilitating Factors and Barriers to the Use of Medications in Publicly Funded Addiction Treatment Organizations

Objectives:Publicly funded addiction treatment organizations have been slow to adopt pharmacotherapies. Few studies have examined the organizational factors associated with adoption of different types of medication in this treatment sector. This study identifies the organization-level facilitators and barriers to the use of medications in publicly funded addiction treatment organizations. Methods:Face-to-face interviews with 318 administrators of a representative sample of publicly funded addiction treatment centers in the United States. Results:Only 23.4% of programs reported using any of the 5 Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapies for treating addiction. An additional 14.3% of programs only used medications approved for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression results revealed that the odds of adoption of addiction pharmacotherapies were significantly greater in government-owned programs and in programs with more medical personnel. Programs that relied more heavily on non-Medicaid public funding tended to be less likely to adopt addiction treatment medications. Greater contact with pharmaceutical representatives was positively associated with medication adoption. Conclusions:Current public funding policies and lack of access to medical personnel are barriers to the adoption of medications by publicly funded addiction treatment organizations. Efforts to promote adoption may also benefit from greater detailing activities by pharmaceutical representatives. These findings suggest that the large research investment devoted to developing addiction treatment medications may have limited public health impact because of the characteristics of the publicly funded service delivery system and the limited attention given to this system by commercial purveyors of medications.
The relationship between web enjoyment and student perceptions and learning using a web‐based tutorial

Web enjoyment has been regarded as a component of system experience. However, there has been little targeted research considering the role of web enjoyment alone in student learning using web‐based systems. To address this gap, this study aims to examine the influence of web enjoyment on learning performance and perceptions by controlling system experience as a variable in the study. 74 students participated in the study, using a web‐based tutorial covering subject matter in the area of ‘Computation and algorithms’. Their learning performance was assessed with a pre‐test and a post‐test and their learning perceptions were evaluated with a questionnaire. The results indicated that there are positive relationships between the levels of web enjoyment and perceived usefulness and non‐linear navigation for users with similar, significant levels of system experience. The implications of these findings in relation to web‐based learning are explored and ways in which the needs of students who report different levels of web enjoyment might be met are discussed.