Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of linguistic barriers to diabetes knowledge and glycemic control in Chinese Americans with diabetes.

The Asian-American population, a fast-growing minority group in America (1), is more likely to have type 2 diabetes compared with non-Hispanic whites despite having lower body weight (2–6). Among the diverse Asian immigrants, Chinese Americans make up the largest subgroup (1), of whom 50% live in linguistic isolation (7). Communication problems with health care providers (8) and the lack of culturally appropriate diabetes education (9), among other factors (10,11), may be important contributors to disparities in health (12–15) and diabetes control (16) in Chinese Americans. In this study, we identified linguistic barriers to diabetes education and care in Chinese Americans and explored the appropriate venues to deliver diabetes information to Chinese-American communities. Subjects were ethnic Chinese residing in the U.S. Participants (aged 18–70 years) had diabetes for at least 1 year and were taking oral agents and/or insulin. All volunteers can read, write, and speak at least English, Mandarin, or Cantonese. We recruited participants from local Asian community health centers in Boston, New York, New Jersey, and San Francisco, using fliers posted in the clinics, advertisements in local Chinese newspapers, mailings to patients from these clinics, and announcements during community outreach. Volunteers received monetary compensation and a bilingual (English/Chinese) diabetes guide for participation. The institutional review board …
Circular Migration and the Spaces of Cultural Assertion

Abstract Harnessing primary and secondary evidence from India, our essay conceptualizes the cultural dynamics of migration. In so doing, it demonstrates the incompleteness of standard marginalist and Marxist accounts of labor circulation. As a corrective, we examine the linkages between culture, politics, space, and labor mobility and offer a way to think about them by building on poststructural critiques of development and postcolonial theories of migrant subjectivity. The proverbial compression of space-time not only has made extralocal work more viable for members of proletarianized groups but, more importantly, has allowed them to transfer their experiences of new ways of being into local contexts through acts of consumption and labor deployment that can become elements of a Gramscian counterhegemonic praxis. We argue that the possibility of this sort of “body politics” compels not merely a critique of the modernization paradigm that has organized classical migration studies but, more profoundly, a reassessment of the way we understand modernity itself. We advocate an approach that provincializes the Eurowest and foregrounds the existence of pluritopic “regional modernities. ”
Legitimacy and social class in Catalan language education for adults

Abstract Adult students of Catalan are worthy of study because they reveal complexities underlying taken-for-granted assumptions about Catalan speakers and Castilian speakers. Far from fitting into neat bundles aligning language of origin, social class, and national orientation, the students in this study exemplify the breakdown of boundaries traditionally assumed to exist between Catalan speakers and Castilian speakers. These findings point to a disjuncture between public discourse and the lived experience of language users. Close examination of actual speakers' motivations, classroom performance, and national orientations reveals much more nuance; in this classroom, the fault lines run along social class divisions, which are themselves contrary to stereotypes. This finding advances studies of linguistic authority, suggesting that native speakers may be positioned differently in different sociolinguistic contexts, depending on their social class and whether the language in question is an institutionalized code or a minoritized one.
Prevalence of Hypertension among Adults Residing In Urban Slums of Ramnagar, Belgaum City-A Cross-Sectional Study

Hypertension is a global public health challenge and major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. It is third leading silent killer which is affecting 1 billion adults and is estimated to cause 7.1 million deaths annually. India being low & middle income country and larger proportion of population are living in urban slum where overcrowding and standard of living are due to this, prevalence of hypertension is more, and have a major impact on health and health care. Therefore, it is important to find the prevalence of hypertension among adults residing in urban slum of Ramnagar, Belgaum city. A cross-sectional community based study among 364 adults of aged 20-59 years in urban slum. The anthropometric measurement and blood pressure was taken according to WHO criteria. The data was analyzed by using percentage for prevalence and Chi-square test was used to find out the association. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 90(24.7%). Majority of the hypertensive (60.4%) were seen in the age group between 50-59 years. The higher prevalence of hypertension was found with overweight (37.5%, obesity (48.6%), extra salt intake (30%), lack of physical exercise (22.9%), saturated fat intake (29.6%), non-vegetarian diet (24.5%) and shown significant association. Prevalence of hypertension was high among adults. Advancing age, sex, lack of physical exercise, BMI were found to be important factors contributing to the causation of hypertension. Therefore, preventive programs are necessary to tackle the rising burden of hypertension.
Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease associated with the LRRK2 Ile1371Val mutation

Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutations are the most common known cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), but neuropathological studies are available on very few patients with LRRK2 mutation. The reported findings range from Lewy body–positive pathology to different pathologies, including nigral degeneration without distinctive features, neuronal loss with only ubiquitin‐positive inclusions, and tau‐positive–only pathology. Here we report the first neuropathological study in an Italian PD case carrying a different LRRK2 mutation, Ile1371Val, and showing typical ubiquitin‐ and α‐synuclein–positive Lewy body pathology. These findings support the concept that the neurodegeneration associated with LRRK2 mutations might be clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from typical PD. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Explaining War Termination: a Boolean Analysis of Causes

An understanding of why states fight wars requires an understanding of why they end wars. These phenomena form interrelated parts of a larger process of interstate bargaining. Yet, compared to the research on the outbreak of wars, there has been much less attention paid to their termination. These conflicts end when the belligerents reach convergent expectations that they have more to gain or less to lose if they stop fighting than if they continue to do so. This article presents several factors hypothesized to hasten or delay this mutual recognition and, therefore, to shorten or prolong a conflict. Boolean algebra is applied to study the individual and joint effects of these factors on the duration of 23 interstate wars during 1945-92. The results show that short wars stem from different causal combinations, therefore suggesting the inadequacy of any monocausal explanation. Moreover, this analysis points to the importance of context-specific understanding because the same factors can have different effects on shortening war and different factors can have similar effects on this outcome under different circumstances. Contrary to the argument in favor of an incremental escalation of military pressure on an adversary, massive and intense fighting at the outset of a war has been nearly a necessary though insufficient condition for a quick ceasefire. This conclusion supports the view that private information inclines states to fight wars but the revelation of this information in the subsequent fighting puts them in a better position to reach a settlement.
Mice lacking methyl-CpG binding protein 1 have deficits in adult neurogenesis and hippocampal function

DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in regulating mammalian gene expression, but its role in normal brain function is not clear. Methyl-CpG binding protein 1 (MBD1), a member of the methylated DNA-binding protein family, has been shown to bind methylated gene promoters and facilitate transcriptional repression in vitro. Here we report the generation and analysis of MBD1-/- mice. MBD1-/- mice had no detectable developmental defects and appeared healthy throughout life. However, we found that MBD1-/- neural stem cells exhibited reduced neuronal differentiation and increased genomic instability. Furthermore, adult MBD1-/- mice had decreased neurogenesis, impaired spatial learning, and a significant reduction in long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation is important in maintaining cellular genomic stability and is crucial for normal neural stem cell and brain functions.
An end-to-end service provisioning scenario for the residential environment

The home of the future is here, or at least the hardware to support it. Home environments are currently characterized by the existence of a wide variety of connected devices. This infrastructure is useful in itself. However, we could get much more from it. We could use it to provide advanced services to the end user. This article presents the experience acquired during the design and implementation of an end-to-end service provisioning platform. We have followed a standards-driven approach to leverage existing middleware with open source assets. The selected middleware-platforms are the OSGi service platform at the residential end, J2EE technologies at the service provider end, and Web services for coarse-grained coordination and interaction between the different actors. In this way we create a suitable environment for all the stakeholders.
Staff and student experiences of dialogue days, a student engagement activity

This paper reports the findings from a descriptive phenomenological exploration of the lived experience of dialogue days, a student engagement activity, from the perspectives of staff and students. I suggest that dialogue days enhance the relational and emotional aspects of learning with the potential to impact on future student engagement and motivation. In the discussion, I consider the role of the self and the importance of community within a concept of ‘relational pedagogy. ’ In conclusion, I propose that dialogue days are one way to develop relational pedagogy as a means to enhance student engagement.
A Self of One’s Own

Although recent scholarship focuses on the importance of religion to immigrants in the United States, relatively little attention has been given to how religion shapes the everyday lives of immigrant women. This article examines how Taiwanese immigrant women as religious converts use Buddhism and Christianity to construct a distinct sense of self from the family. Buddhism and Christianity challenge traditional gender roles by offering alternative conceptions of a genderless self. Women’s new religious commitments may compete with their traditional commitments to their families. Through religious conversion, women carve out spaces of independence and authority for themselves, albeit never at the cost of threatening the nuclear family.
Visualization of calcium influx through channels that shape the burst and tonic firing modes of thalamic relay cells.

Thalamic neurons have two firing modes: "tonic" and "burst. " During burst mode, both low-threshold (LT) and high-threshold (HT) calcium channels are activated, while in tonic mode, only the HT-type of calcium channel is activated. The calcium signals associated with each firing mode were investigated in rat thalamic slices using whole cell patch clamping and confocal calcium imaging. Action potentials were induced by direct current injection into thalamic relay cells loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator. In both tonic and burst firing modes, large calcium signals were recorded throughout the soma and proximal dendrites. To map the distribution of the channels mediating these calcium fluxes, LT and HT currents were independently activated using specific voltage-clamp protocols. We focused on the proximal region of the cell (up to 50 microm from the soma) because it appeared to be well clamped. For a voltage pulse of a given size, the largest calcium signals were observed in the proximal dendrites with smaller signals occurring in the soma and nucleus. This was true for both LT and HT signals. Rapid imaging, using one-dimensional linescans, was used to more precisely localize the calcium influx. For both LT and HT channels, calcium influx occurred simultaneously throughout all imaged regions including the soma and proximal dendrites. The presence of sizable calcium signals in the dendrites, soma, and nucleus during both firing modes, and the presence of LT calcium channels in the proximal dendrite where sensory afferents synapse, have implications for both the electrical functioning of relay cells and the transmission of sensory information to cortex.
Correlates of satisfaction with body function and body appearance in middle- and older aged adults: The activity counseling trial (ACT)

Abstract This study examined the dimensional structure and correlates of body satisfaction among middle-aged and older adult men (n = 471) and women (n = 383) who were participants in the Activity Counseling Trial. Correlates were grouped as (1) fitness parameters, (2) demographic characteristics, and (3) components of subjective well-being. Factor analyses demonstrated that body function and body appearance were independent components of satisfaction in this population. Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness were directly related to satisfaction with body appearance; however, satisfaction with body function was most strongly related in expected directions to measures of subjective well-being. Age was positively related to both measures of body satisfaction, whereas data on race revealed that blacks were more satisfied with their body appearance and function than whites. The observed relationships for body satisfaction suggest that older adults may value body function more than body appearance. Furthermore, the associations of race and age with body satisfaction have important implications for intervention research.
Effect of Moisture Exchange on Interface Formation in the Repair System Studied by X-ray Absorption

In concrete repair systems, material properties of the repair material and the interface are greatly influenced by the moisture exchange between the repair material and the substrate. If the substrate is dry, it can absorb water from the repair material and reduce its effective water-to-cement ratio (w/c). This further affects the hydration rate of cement based material. In addition to the change in hydration rate, void content at the interface between the two materials is also affected. In this research, the influence of moisture exchange on the void content in the repair system as a function of initial saturation level of the substrate is investigated. Repair systems with varying level of substrate saturation are made. Moisture exchange in these repair systems as a function of time is monitored by the X-ray absorption technique. After a specified curing age (3 d), the internal microstructure of the repair systems was captured by micro-computed X-ray tomography (CT-scanning). From reconstructed images, different phases in the repair system (repair material, substrate, voids) can be distinguished. In order to quantify the void content, voids were thresholded and their percentage was calculated. It was found that significantly more voids form when the substrate is dry prior to application of the repair material. Air, initially filling voids and pores of the dry substrate, is being released due to the moisture exchange. As a result, air voids remain entrapped in the repair material close to the interface. These voids are found to form as a continuation of pre-existing surface voids in the substrate. Knowledge about moisture exchange and its effects provides engineers with the basis for recommendations about substrate preconditioning in practice.
Exposure to Trauma and Separation Anxiety in Children After the WTC attack

The impact of exposure to the World Trade Center attack on children presenting separation anxiety disorder (SAD) 6 months after the attack was studied in a representative sample of New York City public school students (N = 8,236). Probable SAD occurred in 12.3% of the sample and was more frequent in girls, young children, and children who previously had been exposed to traumatic situations. Probable SAD was highly comorbid with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Direct exposure to the attack or to television coverage of the attack was associated with probable SAD or number of SAD symptoms, whereas proximity to Ground Zero or family member exposure were not. The identified pattern of associations existed independently of a child having probable PTSD. SAD should be considered among the conditions likely to be found in children after a large-scale disaster.
Where Should We Fix This Bug? A Two-Phase Recommendation Model

To support developers in debugging and locating bugs, we propose a two-phase prediction model that uses bug reports' contents to suggest the files likely to be fixed. In the first phase, our model checks whether the given bug report contains sufficient information for prediction. If so, the model proceeds to predict files to be fixed, based on the content of the bug report. In other words, our two-phase model "speaks up" only if it is confident of making a suggestion for the given bug report; otherwise, it remains silent. In the evaluation on the Mozilla "Firefox" and "Core" packages, the two-phase model was able to make predictions for almost half of all bug reports; on average, 70 percent of these predictions pointed to the correct files. In addition, we compared the two-phase model with three other prediction models: the Usual Suspects, the one-phase model, and BugScout. The two-phase model manifests the best prediction performance.
Infants′ Sensitivity to the Sound Patterns of Native Language Words

Abstract Acquiring a native language involves learning about its phonetic elements and the constraints on their ordering. Our study explored this issue by examining infants′ listening preferences for unfamiliar words that either observe or violate native language phonetic and phonotactic patterns. American 9-month-olds, but not 6-month-olds, listened significantly longer to words with English, rather than Dutch, sound patterns. Dutch 9-month-olds showed the opposite pattern of preferences. No preferences occurred for low-pass-filtered versions of the words, suggesting that infants were responding to phonetic and phonotactic properties rather than to prosodic ones. However, when words fundamentally differed in their prosodic organization (e.g., English vs Norwegian), even American 6-month-olds listened significantly longer to English words.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Neuromuscular disorders are commonly encountered in the critical care setting. Patients with known neuromuscular disorders, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or myasthenia gravis, are admitted when weakness compromises the patient’s ability to protect his or her airway or threatens ventilatory failure. Patients admitted with ventilatory failure of unknown cause may be diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or myasthenia gravis. Rarely, treatment may unmask a pre-existing neuromuscular disorder, as when drugs with neuromuscular blocking properties are given to patients with myasthenia gravis. Finally, patients with nonneuromuscular critical illnesses frequently develop neuromuscular weakness as a result of their illness or its treatment (1). Intensive care physicians need to be familiar with the principles underlying diagnosis and management of patients with neuromuscular disease. Because electrophysiologic testing is often necessary to diagnose neuromuscular disorders in the intensive care setting, they should also have a basic appreciation of the techniques and indications for these studies. They should be familiar with the common neuromuscular disorders that require intensive care; Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis are considered in some detail because they are prevalent and treatable, and because, with proper treatment, they often carry a favorable prognosis. Finally, the intensive care physician will be responsible for recognizing and managing neuromuscular disorders that result from critical illness, which are now the neuromuscular disorders most commonly encountered in the intensive care setting (2).
Early, Middle, and Late Adolescents' Perceptions of Their Relationships with Significant Others

A sample of 1,110 adolescents assessed nine aspects of their relationships with their mother, their father, their best same-sex friend, their most important sibling, and their most important teacher. These aspects were admiration, affection, companionship, conflict, instrumental aid, intimacy, nurturance, reliable alliance, and satisfaction with the relationship. Early adolescents (11 through 13 years of age) gave higher ratings than did middle (14 through 16years ofage) and late (17 through 19years ofage) adolescents for all relationships on most attributes. Except for intimacy and nurturance, middle adolescents' ratings were higher than those of late adolescents but only for some relationships. The observed trends are interpreted with respect to several social, socialcognitive, and cognitive changes taking place over the span of adolescence.
Decentralized Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems using Unconditional and Conditional Decisions

The past decade has witnessed the development of a body of theory, with associated applications, for fault diagnosis of dynamic systems that can be modeled in a discrete event systems framework. This paper first discusses the dual problem of diagnosing the absence of faults in centralized and decentralized settings. The paper then develops new definitions of decentralized diagnosis in the context of a general decentralized architecture that allows for the use of "conditional decisions" by local diagnosers. The properties of these new definitions of decentralized diagnosability are presented and their relationship with existing work discussed. Corresponding verification algorithms are also described.
Conceptualisation load triggers gesture production

In the present study we used a picture description task to investigate one contributing factor to gesture rate variation within speakers, namely conceptualisation load. Specifically we investigated whether speakers produce more gestures when the load on conceptualisation processes is higher. We manipulated conceptualisation load, without substantially changing speech formulation, either by modulating the complexity of the to-be-described pictures (Experiment 1) or by introducing a secondary task that uses the same or different resources as the primary description task (Experiment 2). In both studies, we find evidence that speakers produce more gestures at moments of relatively high conceptual load. The results indicate that the linearisation and the focusing components of conceptualisation are tied to gesture production and that increased load on these components results in increased gesture production.