Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water Pipe Smoking: Effects, Attitudes and Directions

Water pipe (WP) smoking is prevalent in several countries and is emerging as a major international public health issue. This article reviews the literature on WP smoking practices and its health effects. Water pipe smoking in the Middle East is more common in women compared to cigarette smoking. WP smoking has harmful effects similar to cigarette smoking, and the nicotine and tar content of WP smoke is higher than that of cigarettes. Still, many users believe that WP is less harmful than cigarettes and are unaware of the damage that WP can cause to their health. There is limited literature on WP smoking, highlighting the need for research in several areas including: epidemiology of WP smoking, sociological dimensions and tobacco control. The unique social and traditional role of WP smoking renders forgiving, culture-sensitive and patient approach.
"Reformed sinner" and "lapsed saint" strategies in the Prisoner's Dilemma game 1

Recent experiments using the Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) have been equivocal with regard to how variations in the strategy of the other player affect the development of mutual cooperation (Bixenstine and Wilson, 1963; McClintock et al., 1963; Sermat, 1964; Solomon, 1960). Bixenstine and Wilson compared the effects of two &dquo;simulated&dquo; strategies in which there were systematic variations in the number and
Factors associated with quality of life among family members of patients with dementia in Cyprus

ABSTRACT Background: Numerous studies have reported that caring for a person with dementia is a stressful experience. Nevertheless, quality of life (QoL) measures have commonly focused on patients, while factors that influence caregivers’ QoL have not been clearly identified. In order to contribute to the understanding of caregivers’ QoL, we explored how QoL among caregivers is related to their perceived level of burden, their reported number of depressive symptoms, and the level of care recipients’ dependency. Methods: Seventy-six caregivers referred by the two main referral centers of patients with dementia in Cyprus participated in a cross-sectional survey with a descriptive correlational design. Caregivers completed four instruments, measuring burden (ZBI), depression (CES-D), quality of life-Alzheimer's disease (QoL-AD), and activities of daily living (ADL) of the care recipients and provided socio-demographic information. Results: The majority of the participants scored high levels of burden (M = 43.32/SD = 15.23) and depression (59.2% scored over the cut-off point of 16). QoL was only moderate (M = 30.89/SD = 8.21) and negatively correlated with burden (r = −32, p = 0.01) and depression (r = −0.296, p < 0.05). Only a weak correlation was observed between QoL and ADL (r = 0.167, p = 0.15). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that overall burden scores and income were associated with QoL, explaining 20% of the overall variance of the caregiver's QoL. Conclusion: Further research is necessary to investigate which additional domains determine QoL and further our understanding of the factors that may reduce the burden imposed on dementia caregivers.
Mediated animal geographies: symbolism, manipulation and the imaginary in advertising

This paper examines the representations of animals in advertisements on prime-time television in New Zealand as a route to explore the manner in which nonhuman animals are incorporated into our daily lives. The discussion is based on close reading of advertisements that draws attention to the everyday manipulation and representation of nonhuman subjects. In focusing on the seemingly banal medium of advertisements, we interrogate the subtle and less than subtle transformations of animal subjectivity and the manner in which these articulate broader discourses around gender and nature in relation to human and nonhuman agents. In this way, we highlight the critical nature of decentring the human from the privileged position within both nature and society. We argue then that gender, anthropomorphism and the placement of animals in everyday media such as television advertisements play an important role in constituting the meaning and limits of how we relate to nonhuman life. In this regard, the arguments have significance not only for the field of animal geographies but also for a future in which animals are seen as more than just food or pets.
Early detection of visual impairment and its relation to academic performance.

OBJECTIVE To perform early detection of visual impairment in schoolchildren and to investigate its association with academic performance. METHODS Cross-sectional study using a sample of third-grade students from public elementary schools of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Students performed the visual acuity (VA) test using the Snellen chart. We also analyzed school records and administered a previously validated self-administered questionnaire. We considered that there was low VA when the VA value achieved using the chart was lower than or equal to 0.7, while poor academic performance was identified when the average grades of the last school year did not reach 60 points. RESULTS We analyzed 222 students from five public schools. In terms of visual acuity, 31% of the students had impaired VA in the right eye and 29.8% of the students had impaired VA in the left eye. Our sample had 15.5% of students with fair or poor academic performance. Among the students with normal VA, 89.5% had satisfactory academic performance, while among those with impaired VA, only 75% achieved satisfactory performance (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that there is an association between low VA and poor academic performance in the sample assessed.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Activity Correlates with Social Affiliative and Agonistic Behaviors in Normal Rhesus Monkeys

&NA; After a 4‐mo study period, quantitative measures of stable behavioral traits in individual rhesus monkeys correlated significantly with platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. In particular, behavioral items reflecting social activity and social contact, both agonistic and affiliative, were inversely correlated with enzyme activity. Time spent alone was positively correlated. Since platelet MAO activity is generally stable and predominantly controlled by genetic factors, it might serve as a “genetic marker” for individual differences in “normal” behaviors possibly related to differences in MAO activity in the brain and other tissues.
“Good Girls,” Sexy “Bad Girls,” and Warriors: The Role of Trauma and Dissociation in the Creation and Reproduction of Gender

SUMMARY The thesis of this article is that substantially, “femininity” and “masculinity,” the gendered personality styles so common in our culture, are direct and indirect outcomes of trauma, and reflective of dissociation. In addition to being direct sequellae of trauma, these “post-traumatic styles” may become consensually accepted modes of interaction by virtue of vicarious and anticipatory trauma. The patterns tend to differ for females and males, reflecting social forces, including sex-typed child-rearing patterns, and biological predispositions interacting with trauma. While presenting self-states of abused girls and women often tend to be compliant, childlike, passive, masochistic, “good,” vulnerable, sweet, and dependent–characteristics often considered stereotypical for females, posttraumatic aggressivity of boys may appear indistinguishable from stereotypical “masculinity. ” Aggressivity and violence reproduce trauma, which then contributes to the reproduction of gender.
The Next Frontier in Making Disciples: 21st-Century Technology Use in CCCU Member Institutions

An unprecedented opportunity exists for Christian colleges and universities to utilize 21st-century technology and the impact of globalization to broaden the use of distance learning for missional purposes through their educational offerings. Some institutions offer open education that allows those with Internet access to take courses at no cost online without earning credits. A more open approach by Christian colleges and universities to providing educational resources via electronic means can better equip Christians from around the world while also serving students, alumni, and other lifelong learners who seek to remain relevant in today's workforce. Few member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities have availed themselves of free access through Apple, Inc.'s iTunes U to provide content, particularly their theological or biblical curriculum, on the Internet. Christian colleges and universities may expand distance learning to include open education as a free, viable, missional approach to the world.
Vigilant Self–Regulation, Cues of being Watched and Cooperativeness

The present research examined the interplay of individual differences in self–regulatory mechanisms as outlined in regulatory focus theory (promotion– and prevention–focus) and a cue of being watched in the context of cooperative behaviour. Study 1 revealed that the more individuals’ habitual self–regulatory orientation is dominated by a vigilant prevention focus, the more likely they are to act cooperatively (i.e. to donate money to natural conservation organizations) when a subtle cue of being watched renders reputational concerns salient. In contrast, when no such cue is provided individuals’ habitual vigilant self–regulatory orientation is negatively related to cooperative behaviour. Study 2 replicated the results of the initial study and examined interpersonal sensitivity (empathic concern) as a potential mediator of the observed effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large-cell transformation following detection of minimal residual disease in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: molecular and in situ analysis of a single neoplastic T-cell clone expressing the identical T-cell receptor.

PURPOSE One of the unique characteristics of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is its ability to undergo cytologic transformation in which the malignant T cells develop the morphologic appearance of a large-cell lymphoma. Reported to occur in up to 20% of advanced cases, large-cell transformation (LCT) is associated with an aggressive clinical course. Little is known about the risk factors or the molecular mechanisms of LCT. Before current immunohistochemical and molecular techniques, it was not possible to determine if LCT represented changes of the initial neoplastic T-cell clone or, in fact, was a distinct second malignancy. The goal of this study was to define the clonal evolution of LCT in CTCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of T-cell receptor-beta (TCR-beta) gene rearrangements and immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to TCR-V beta regions were used as markers of T-cell clonality to analyze the skin and peripheral blood of a patient with CTCL and LCT. RESULTS We first detected the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) in a CTCL patient with a complete clinical response to biologic response modifiers (BRMs). When clinical relapse occurred and demonstrated LCT, TCR-beta-PCR and in situ immunohistochemistry with a specific TCR-V beta monoclonal antibody identified a single neoplastic T-cell clone that expressed the identical TCR as the original clone. CONCLUSION Our results confirm a common clonal origin for CTCL and LCT. We also provide evidence of MRD in CTCL by molecular analysis, implying that residual malignant cells maintain a potential for clinical relapse and possibly LCT. The role of MRD detection remains to be defined in the clinical assessment of CTCL. LCT in CTCL provides a unique model to investigate the molecular events that underlie terminal-stage tumor progression.
Developing more Effective Primary Deputy (or Associate) Heads

Edith Jayne is currently Coordinator for Education Management at the College of St Mark and St John in Plymouth. Her article presents evidence from a variety of sources of some recent managerial experiences and training of primary-school deputy headteachers in one West Country county. She suggests that training of deputies may be too important to leave just to the heads and governors of the schools in which they work.
Superstition as a personal moderator in the development of commitment and loyalty to and within casinos

Gambling is a popular leisure activity for people around the world and the global casino industry has expanded rapidly in recent years. Behavioural loyalty among gamblers can be very important to the success of casinos, which will benefit from marketing strategies used to induce loyal patronage. However, it must also be appreciated that extremely loyal behaviour may be an indication of problem gambling, by which this leisure activity becomes detrimental. This article presents 12 propositions related to behavioural loyalty and casino gambling, focusing on superstition's role as a personal moderator influencing the formation of casino gambling loyalties. This conceptualization is based on a pre-existing model that delineates the process by which behavioural loyalty develops in a leisure context. The propositions are divided into six main categories: the basic functions of superstition as a personal moderator, types of superstition, the casino as a setting for the development of superstition, loyalty towards different types of games, socio-demographic and cultural variables, and the prevention of problem gambling. Implications for casino management and the prevention of problem gambling are discussed.
Projection in Person Perception among Spouses as a Function of the Similarity in their Shared Experiences

Past research has demonstrated that the psychological state of observers influences how they view others. This influence often has been termed “projection. ” The current study explores projection in close relationships of cohabiting partners. In Study 1a, structural equation modeling revealed a significant component of projection when spouses reported on the depressive symptoms of their partners. In Study 1b, the same analysis was expanded to include spouses’ reports on a variety of affective states, attitudes, and behaviors of their partners. It was demonstrated that the degree of projection increases with the increase in the magnitude of the correlation between the self-views of the spouses. A cognitive process that accounts for this finding is proposed, along with a view of projection as a heuristic device rather than a bias.
A Person–Organization Fit Model of Owner–Managers’ Cognitive Style and Organizational Demands

Based on survey responses from 159 owner–managers in small high–technology firms, we examined the association among specific individual characteristics, firm characteristics, and the individual outcomes of satisfaction and intentions to exit. Regression analyses indicated higher satisfaction and lower intentions to exit for owner–managers whose dominant decision–making style complemented the levels of formalization and structure in their firms. In addition, we found that both satisfaction and intentions to exit were significantly associated with actual turnover over a 5–year period. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Ranking significance of software components based on use relations

Collections of already developed programs are important resources for efficient development of reliable software systems. In this paper, we propose a novel graph-representation model of a software component library (repository), called component rank model. This is based on analyzing actual usage relations of the components and propagating the significance through the usage relations. Using the component rank model, we have developed a Java class retrieval system named SPARS-J and applied SPARS-J to various collections of Java files. The result shows that SPARS-J gives a higher rank to components that are used more frequently. As a result, software engineers looking for a component have a better chance of finding it quickly. SPARS-J has been used by two companies, and has produced promising results.
Medical management of uterine fibroids with medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera): a pilot study

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera) in the treatment of menorrhagia attributed to uterine fibroids and to determine whether it reduces fibroid volume. Twenty premenopausal women with menorrhagia attributed to uterine fibroids received Depo Provera (150mg/month) for 6 months. Control of bleeding was assessed by menstrual diary, haematologic parameters (Hb) and uterine and fibroid size measured sonargraphically. Following a period of 6 months after the initiation of Depo Provera, 30% became amenorrhoeic, 70% noticed improvement in their bleeding pattern and 15% had an increase in their haemoglobin levels. The mean uterine and fibroid volume was also reduced by 48% and 33%, respectively. Medical therapy with Depo Provera with symptomatic fibroids causes significant improvement in bleeding pattern as well as a reduction in fibroid volume.
The perception of crime and criminality: The violent criminal and swindler as social types

Part of the findings of a study carried out in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in 1976, on the perception of crime and criminals are reported. Clear and distinct social types of the violent criminal and swindler were found, which were reasonably close to, or at least not discordant with, criminological‐sociological literature. A very negative assessment of the violent criminal was held by respondents, which contrasted with the more positive assessment of the swindler. Differences were also found in respondents’ perceptions of the aetiology of violent crime and fraud. However, respondents were punitive toward both types of criminals, though more punitive toward the violent criminal. The analysis is presented within a framework of emphasizing social typing, the audience and social control. It is argued that the repertoire of social types held by individuals and groups, and the process of social typing, play a central part in the functioning of criminal justice systems and the social construction of social co.
Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions

Leukocyte adhesion and trafficking at the endothelium requires both adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors. Fractalkine (CX3C) is a unique chemokine, and is expressed on tumor necrosis factor-α- and interleukin-1-activated endothelial cells (ECs). Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed on NK cells, monocytes, and some portion of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. Interactions between fractalkine and CX3CR1 can mediate not only chemotaxis, but also cell adhesion in the absence of substrates for other adhesion molecules. Furthermore, fractalkine activates NK cells, leading to increased cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that fractalkine is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions. This review examines new concepts underlying fractalkine-mediated leukocyte migration and tissue damage, focusing primarily on the pathophysiological roles of fractalkine in rheumatic diseases.
ALID: Scalable Dominant Cluster Detection

Detecting dominant clusters is important in many analytic applications. The state-of-the-art methods find dense subgraphs on the affinity graph as dominant clusters. However, the time and space complexities of those methods are dominated by the construction of affinity graph, which is quadratic with respect to the number of data points, and thus are impractical on large data sets. To tackle the challenge, in this paper, we apply Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) and develop a scalable algorithm, Approximate Localized Infection Immunization Dynamics (ALID). The major idea is to perform Localized Infection Immunization Dynamics (LID) to find dense subgraphs within local ranges of the affinity graph. LID is further scaled up with guaranteed high efficiency and detection quality by an estimated Region of Interest (ROI) and a Candidate Infective Vertex Search method (CIVS). ALID only constructs small local affinity graphs and has time complexity O(C(a* + δ)n) and space complexity O(a* (a* +δ)), where a* is the size of the largest dominant cluster, and C « n and δ « n are small constants. We demonstrate by extensive experiments on both synthetic data and real world data that ALID achieves the state-of-the-art detection quality with much lower time and space cost on single machine. We also demonstrate the encouraging parallelization performance of ALID by implementing the Parallel ALID (PALID) on Apache Spark. PALID processes 50 million SIFT data points in 2.29 hours, achieving a speedup ratio of 7.51 with 8 executors.
The Creation and Change of Organizational Cultures: A Conceptual Framework

The primary strategy of an organization is the maintenance of its cultural identity in terms of prevailing values. A virtuous circle from the collective experience of success through stabilized values to cohesion and efficiency sustains the continuity of culture. But if the alternatives allowed for by the culture are unsuited to new problems, then the virtuous circle becomes a vicious circle impeding change. The result may be apparent cultural change, cultural revolution or cultural incrementalism.
Synergistic Effect and Antiquorum Sensing Activity of Nymphaea tetragona (Water Lily) Extract

Salmonellosis is a common and widely distributed food borne disease where Salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important etiologic agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Nymphaea tetragona alone and in combination with antibiotics against S. typhimurium. It also aimed to assess the plant for quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity and to identify the bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activities of the extract were assessed using broth microdilution method. Disk agar diffusion method was employed to determine the QSI and bioactive compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction of N. tetragona extract (EFNTE) demonstrated good antimicrobial activity (MIC 781 μg/mL) against 4 strains out of 5. FIC index ranged from 0.375 to 1.031 between EFNTE/tylosin and 0.515 to 1.250 between EFNTE/streptomycin against S. typhimurium. Among all extracts, EFNTE and butanol fraction more significantly inhibited pigment production of C. violaceum. Polyphenols were identified as major compound of EFNTE and butanol fraction. These results indicate that combination among N. tetragona extract and antibiotics could be useful to combat drug-resistance Salmonella infections and polyphenols are promising new components from N. tetragona that warrant further investigation as a candidate anti-Salmonella agent and quorum sensing inhibitor.
Joint clip and quantization effects characterization in OFDM receivers

An accurate method to analyze the joint effect of clipping, quantization and thermal noise in the analog-to-digital conversion in high-speed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receivers is presented. The model provides information about the spectral properties of the distortion noise, which allows the analytical characterization of the signal-to-noise distortion ratio at the input of the demodulator. Oversampling, filtering, uniform, and optimal nonuniform quantization effects are taken into account. The optimal automatic gain control working point is evaluated for each parameter configuration. The differences from the results obtained by the classical pseudo-quantization noise model are highlighted showing that, due to the spectral characteristics, the gain introduced by oversampling is generally a few decibels lower than what foreseen by the classical theory. Moreover, the impact of these effects on the OFDM receiver performance degradation is evaluated and the validity of simplified approximations is discussed