Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testbed for a LiFi system integrated in streetlights

In this paper, a functional LiFi real-time testbed implemented on FPGAs is presented. The setup evaluates the performance of our design in a downlink scenario where the transmitter is embedded on the streetlights and a mobile phone's camera is used as receiver, therefore achieving the goal of lighting and communicating simultaneously. To validate the design, simulations of the whole system are performed. where simulations of the channel between streetlight and mobile device show the scope of the reflection in an outdoor environment. The measurements are carried out to characterize the modulator, in particular the FPGA resources and latency due to the encoder blocks. In addition the feasibility of the communication function in presence of the ambient light is verified.
Instructional Efficiency: Revisiting the Original Construct in Educational Research

This article revisits Paas and Van Merriënboer's (1993) measure of instructional efficiency, which can be applied by educational researchers to compare the effects of different instructional conditions on learning. This measure relied on performance and mental effort on the test, and as such gave an indication of the quality of learning outcomes. The acquisition of more (less) efficient cognitive schemata is indicated by combinations of high (low) performance and low (high) mental effort. This instructional efficiency measure has become widely adopted, but in an adapted form that incorporates mental effort invested in the learning phase instead of the test phase. This article demonstrates that the adaptation has important consequences for the construct of instructional efficiency and for the type of conclusions that can be drawn. Examples are given to illustrate the various implications of different combinations of mental effort and performance measures in the light of more contemporary developments in educational research.
The Community College Presidency.

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this community college presidency, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Introduction: dealing with states of property in modern and colonial Central Asia

In April 1868 the Military Governor of the Syr-Darya province (oblast’) received a petition from a community of Chala Kazakhs who lived in a locality known as Kara Kamysh. The petitioners complained that other Sarts, most probably from nearby Tashkent, had tried to usurp their territory: ‘[This is] our land! ’ (yirlārimı̄z), the Chala Kazakhs wrote to the Russian government. The petitioners attempted to persuade their addressee that the land belonged to them as they had settled in the area 40 years before and had been farming the land since. They also had deeds bearing the seals of the rulers (khānlār) of Kokand and legal certificates notarized by the Muslim judiciaries (qāżı̄lār) of the former khanate that could prove their rights. The colonial authorities responded positively and accorded a right of possession (pravo vladeniia) to the claimants. Land claims such as the one described above recur throughout the history of both modern and colonial Central Asia. At first, Muslims lodged them in the chanceries of the khans, and most were written in Persian. Later, petitions in Turki and in Russian appeared on the desks of the colonial officials. Colonization did not dissuade the people of Central Asia from interacting with the state in order to secure ownership of the land they occupied and define the obligations connected to it (Sartori 2009a). From this point of view, the claim the Chala Kazakhs lodged with the Russian chancery falls into an established pattern of communication. Nor was the answer from the colonial authorities in any way unusual: state administrators — both those in the area’s Muslim principalities and those of the Russian Empire — responded to the petitions submitted to them by asserting specific notions on land rights. If left discontented, the petitioners often launched new appeals to challenge these legal notions. Indeed, this established pattern of communication is visible if one examines the social history of Central Asia both in the early modern (sixteenth century) and in the colonial period. At this point, it is reasonable to question what changes with regard to landholding Russian colonization actually engendered. The case which opened this introduction offers a good insight into the everyday sentiments of insecurity and crisis that a change of regime of the magnitude of the one experienced in Central Asia after the Russian takeover can bring about. It is a snapshot of a moment when a group of people feared they were going to lose land rights which had been defined and secured by a previous polity (the Kokand Khanate) and its legal regime (the Islamic judiciary). By the time the petition was compiled, that polity and regime of land rights associated with it no longer existed. The petitioners were addressing their claim to a new state imposing new norms on landholding. By so doing, the claimants encountered new administrators who had different views on land rights and new plans for the exploitation of
Relationships between Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the PAQUID Study

This study assesses the cross-sectional relationship between serum cholesterol level and dementia, controlling for apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, in a nested case-control study of 334 elderly French subjects aged 73 and over who participated in the PAQUID study (37 demented subjects and 297 nondemented controls). A diagnosis of dementia was established by two-step screening: (1) psychometric testing and DSM-III-R criteria and (2) neurologist’s confirmation. Cholesterol, its fractions and apoE genotype were determined from a blood sample. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia, independent of apoE status and other potential confounding variables, suggesting that cholesterol fractions could be involved in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
Prosody and pedagogy in a democratic South Africa

This article explores how prosodic patterning influences relationships. Written from an integrational point of view, it highlights the local importance of the issue by examining talk that resounds with a post-apartheid 'ugly tone'. Two central claims are made. Firstly, much understanding is the intertwining of vocalisations. Secondly, we are skilled in interpreting how this joint activity is integrated with word-based patterning. Since we take part in dialogue, we have capacities for responding in real time and, crucially, for making judgements about the unfolding sense of events. Especially where such ways of acting are intrinsic to identity, we need to develop dialogical capacities beyond the 'in-group'. In the terms of the article, learners can be helped with first-order contextualizing and interactional ascription. By adopting these goals, local ways of speaking and listening become paramount. This leads to a new choice of oral/aural materials and a focus on tasks where learners explain judgements about talk within and across social groups. Emphasis thus goes on enhancing capacities for listening to, interpreting, and rectifying real-time dialogical events. Close examination of local speaking and listening, it is argued, will lead to development of contextually sensitive educational practices.
Ergonomic Chair Design by Fusing Qualitative and Quantitative Criteria Using Interactive Genetic Algorithms

This paper emphasizes the necessity of formally bringing qualitative and quantitative criteria of ergonomic design together, and provides a novel complementary design framework with this aim. Within this framework, different design criteria are viewed as optimization objectives, and design solutions are iteratively improved through the cooperative efforts of computer and user. The framework is rooted in multiobjective optimization, genetic algorithms, and interactive user evaluation. Three different algorithms based on the framework are developed, and tested with an ergonomic chair design problem. The parallel and multiobjective approaches show promising results in fitness convergence, design diversity, and user satisfaction metrics.
Organizational Change Content, Process, and Context: A Simultaneous Analysis of Employee Reactions

Abstract This study examines the relationship between three attributes of organizational change (that is, content, process, and context) in a Fortune 500 telecommunications firm. While researchers acknowledge the importance of the three attributions of organizational change, there is sparse empirical evidence of the systematic and simultaneous assessment of these attributes in organizational change efforts. The investigation undertaken in this study follows a design encompassing content, process, context and outcome variables. Results, utilizing quantitative and qualitative data, reveal that organizational change (an employee outcome variable) is strongly related to the impact of the change on employees (a content variable) and organizational communication media (a process variable). Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the extent to which employees perceive an organizational change as justified is influenced by their perceived organizational support (an organizational context variable). Implications for practitioners and future research are offered.
Why Has High-Stakes Testing So Easily Slipped into Contemporary American Life?

H IGH-STAKES testing is the practice of attaching important consequences to standardized test scores, and it is the engine that drives the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. The rationale for high-stakes testing is that the promise of rewards and the threat of punishments will cause teachers to work more effectively, students to be more motivated, and schools to run more smoothly — all of which will result in greater academic achievement for all students, but especially those from poverty and minority backgrounds. Although it is certainly arguable, we believe that, to date, there is no convincing evidence that highstakes testing has the intended effect of increasing learning. By contrast, there is a growing literature suggesting that the unintended consequences are damaging to the education of students.
Generation and administration of HA-1-specific T-cell lines for the treatment of patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study

Since HA-1-specific T cells have been shown to make a significant contribution to the clinical responses in patients with relapsed leukemia, we investigated the feasibility of adoptive transfer of in vitro induced HA-1-specific CD8 positive T cells to patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The in vitro generation of clinical grade HA-1-specific T-cell lines from HA-1 negative donors was seen to be feasible and 3 patients were treated with HA-1-specific T-cell lines. No toxicity after infusion was observed. Although in one patient, during a period of stable disease, HA-1-specific T cells could be detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, these patients had no clear clinical response.
Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Longitudinal clinical data and prospective clinical and microbiological risk assessment.

BACKGROUND, AIMS In order to investigate the r le of various putative clinical and microbiological risk markers, a longitudinal study was initiated in a young population deprived of regular dental care. In 1987 all inhabitants in the age range 15-25 years living in a village with approximately 2,000 inhabitants at a tea estate on Western Java, Indonesia, were examined clinically and microbiologically. In total, 167 subjects of the original group of 255 adolescents were re-examined in 1994. The material presented in this paper describes the clinical periodontal condition at baseline (1987) and at follow-up (1994), 7 years later. Furthermore, the relationship between progression of the disease and baseline clinical and microbiological data was assessed. METHODS Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) were scored at the approximal surfaces of the vestibular aspects of all teeth. The number of approximal surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth showing subgingival calculus was recorded. At baseline, the dorsum of the tongue, the buccal gingiva in the upper jaw, the saliva and the deepest bleeding pocket without clinical loss of attachment were sampled for microbiological examination with phase contrast microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS Mean values at baseline and at follow-up were PI: 1.01 and 1.15, BOP: 0.80 and 1.16, PD 3.26 mm and 3.32 mm, AL: 0.33 mm and 0.73 mm, respectively. All parameters except PD showed a statistically significant increase over the 7-year period. The prevalence of the studied bacteria irrespective of the sample site was: A. actinomycetemcomitans 53%, P. gingivalis 88%, P. intermedia 100%, spirochetes 89% and motile micro-organisms 100%. At the full mouth level, logistic regression showed significant odds ratios for progressive disease with age (1.15), subgingival calculus (1.20) and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (4.61). Presence of any of the selected micro-organisms on the mucous membranes was not related with progressive disease. In order to study local factors to explain local disease activity, each subject was characterized using the sampled pocket, which was the deepest bleeding pocket without LA at baseline, as a single response site per patient. In this constrained design, the main statistical factors associated with progressive disease were presence of motile micro-organisms and the plaque score. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 3 main risk markers for disease progression at the full mouth level: age, amount of subgingival calculus and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Social Problem Solving: Effect of Context and Parent Sex

A group of 368 children, ages 3, 5, and 7, half boys and half girls, were seen with their mothers and fathers in two contexts. First, they were observed with all family members in their homes, with instructions to continue with normal activities. Then they were seen separately in the laboratory with each parent, who was asked to help them solve a problem involving a common social situation. In the laboratory situation, boys and girls were given equal amounts of help by their parents. Mothers and fathers behaved in similar fashion in the laboratory, and the only significant differences were with the children’s ages. In the home, mothers and fathers did differ, with the mother giving more instruction and providing more instruction to girls.
Risk Factors for the Development of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction after Abdominal and Pelvic Operations

Introduction: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a disease process that has been difficult to prevent. Mechanical barriers and chemical agents exist to disrupt the formation of adhesions following surgery but each associated with medical risk and financial burden. Identifying risk factors for developing SBO in patients post laparotomy would aid in the appropriate use of such agents. We hypothesize that there might be additional risk factors that are associated with a higher likelihood of SBO. Methods: A retrospective analysis from 2008 to 2012 was performed. Cases of SBO following previous laparotomy were compared to those without SBO. Results: 468 medical records were reviewed (57% male). Operations that caused the highest risks for SBO included gynecological, colorectal and hernia operations with prosthetic materials. 66% percent of patients underwent a prior abdominal or pelvic high-risk procedure. The average time from surgery to the development of SBO was 24 months (median 19 months). Patients who developed SBO had a median age of 58.4 years on initial surgery, average previous operative time of 4.3 hours, and an av-erage of two prior operations. For every hour of operative time, the odds of developing SBO increased by 33% (p 3 decreased the odds of SBO (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Longer operative times are associated with post-operative adhesive small bowel obstruction. Patients with an ASA score greater than or equal to 3 appear to have a reduced risk of adhesive small bowel obstruction.
Phonological Short-term Memory and the Learning of Novel Words: The Effect of Phonological Similarity and Item Length

The investigation of a patient with a selective impairment of phonological short-term memory has recently provided evidence that this system may be involved in long-term learning of novel words, for which a pre-existing semantic representation is not available (Baddeley, Papagno, & Vallar, 1988). The present series of experiments in normal subjects explored this hypothesis. We assessed the effects of phonological similarity and item length, which reflect the operation of the phonological short-term store and the rehearsal component of verbal memory, upon paired associate long-term learning of auditorily presented words and non-words. Phonological similarity affected the learning of novel words more than known words (Experiment 1); when a delay was interposed between presentation and recall, the disruptive effect was confined to novel words (Experiment 2). Also word length disrupted the learning of novel words, but not of known words (Experiment 3). These results tie in with neuropsychological evidence to suggest a role for phonological short-term memory in the learning of new words, and they have developmental implications for the study of language acquisition.
An exploratory study into the effects of extraordinary nature on emotions, mood, and prosociality

Environmental psychology research has demonstrated that exposure to mundane natural environments can be psychologically beneficial, and can, for instance, improve individuals' mood and concentration. However, little research has yet examined the psychological benefits of extraordinary, awe-evoking kinds of nature, such as spectacular mountain scenes or impressive waterfalls. In this study, we aimed to address the underrepresentation of such extraordinary nature in research on human—nature interactions. Specifically, we examined whether watching a picture slideshow of awesome as opposed to mundane nature differentially affected individuals' emotions, mood, social value orientation (SVO), and their willingness to donate something to others. Our analyses revealed that, compared to mundane nature and a neutral condition, watching awesome natural scenes and phenomena had some unique and pronounced emotional effects (e.g., feeling small and humble), triggered the most mood improvement, and led to a more prosocial SVO. We found that participants' willingness to donate did not differ significantly for any of the conditions.
STAT1-Activating Cytokines Limit Th17 Responses through Both T-bet–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms

Given the association with autoimmune disease, there is great interest in defining cellular factors that limit overactive or misdirected Th17-type inflammation. Using in vivo and in vitro models, we investigated the molecular mechanisms for cytokine-mediated inhibition of Th17 responses, focusing on the role of STAT1 and T-bet in this process. These studies demonstrate that, during systemic inflammation, STAT1- and T-bet–deficient T cells each exhibit a hyper-Th17 phenotype relative to wild-type controls. However, IL-17 production was greater in the absence of T-bet, and when both STAT1 and T-bet were deleted, there was no further increase, with the double-deficient cells instead behaving more like STAT1-deficient counterparts. Similar trends were observed during in vitro priming, with production of Th17-type cytokines greater in T-bet−/− T cells than in either STAT1−/− or STAT1−/− T-bet−/− counterparts. The ability of IFN-γ and IL-27 to suppress Th17 responses was reduced in T-bet–deficient cells, and most importantly, ectopic T-bet could suppress signature Th17 gene products, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γT, even in STAT1-deficient T cells. Taken together, these studies formally establish that, downstream of IFN-γ, IL-27, and likely all STAT1-activating cytokines, there are both STAT1 and T-bet–dependent pathways capable of suppressing Th17 responses.
Practical Implementation of Sensorless Torque and Reactive Power Control of Doubly Fed Machines

A recently proposed shaft position sensorless method for torque and reactive power control of the brushless doubly fed reluctance machine has proven successful in simulation studies. In this paper, its real-time performance has been evaluated on a custom-designed machine prototype. The preliminary experimental results have confirmed the viability of the scheme and represent a serious step toward the development of a generic virtually parameter independent controller for doubly excited machines. A wide range of applications is possible, including drive and generator systems with limited speed ranges (e.g., large pumps and wind turbines), where the cost savings of using a partially rated power electronic converter are significant.
Diagnostic Dental Radiation Risk during Pregnancy: Awareness among General Dentists in Tabriz

Background and aims Pregnant women often do not receive proper dental care in emergency visits due to a lack of awareness of the effect of radiation doses and the involved risks for the fetus. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness of general dentists practicing in Tabriz, Iran, of the risks involved during exposure to diagnostic dental radiation in pregnant women. Materials and methods In this descriptive/cross-sectional study, 250 general dentists, who had attended continuing education courses under the supervision of the Faculty of Dentistry, filled out questionnaires on their awareness of radiation risks. Data was analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficient test. Results The mean of correct answers was 6.47±1.66, with the least and highest correct answers of 2 and 10, respectively. The highest and the lowest levels of awareness were related to the use of a lead apron (92%) and a long rectangular collimator (3.2%), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of practitioners and awareness of radiation risks (P=0.02). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between job experience (P=0.25) and the number of continuing education courses attended (P=0.16) and awareness of radiation risks. Conclusion The studied population of dentists does not seem to have the sufficient knowledge regarding the diagnostic dental radiation risk during pregnancy. Further educational courses and pamphlets are recommended for increasing their awareness of this subject.