Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Impairments in Myasthenia Gravis

Background Myasthenia gravis is characterized by weakness and fatigability of different muscle groups, including ocular, bulbar and the limbs. Therefore, a measure of disease severity at the impairment level in myasthenia needs to reflect all the relevant impairments, as well as their variations with activity and fatigue. We conducted a qualitative study of patients with myasthenia, to explore their experiences and related impairments, aimed at developing a conceptual framework of disease severity at the impairment level in myasthenia gravis. Methods Twenty patients representing the spectrum of disease participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded and the transcripts were analyzed by content analysis using an inductive approach with line-by-line open coding. Themes were generated from these codes. Results Two main themes were identified: the severity of the impairments and fatigability (i.e., triggering or worsening of an impairment with activity). The impairments were further classified within body regions (ocular, bulbar and axial/limbs). Fatigability was described as a phenomenon affecting the whole body but also affecting specific impairments, and was associated with fluctuation of the symptoms. Patients were concerned that clinical examination at a single point in time might not reflect their true clinical state due to fatigability and fluctuations in severity. Conclusions This conceptual framework reflects the relevance of both severity and fatigability in understanding impairment-based disease severity in myasthenia. This framework could inform the development of impairment measures in myasthenia gravis.
The in vivo effect of propranolol on cerebral perfusion and hypoxia after traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Recent epidemiologic evidence has identified beta-blockade as independently associated with improved survival in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Reduced sympathetic discharge and catecholamine release may improve circulation in the injured areas and influence delayed demise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral effect of beta-blockade in a murine TBI model using immunohistochemical and microPET analysis. METHODS Balb/c mice underwent TBI as in a previously described model and were randomized to receive treatment with propranolol or placebo in a blinded fashion. Immunofluorescent images were obtained for vessel density (CD31), vessel perfusion (Ricinus communis agglutinin [RCA]-lectin), and cerebral hypoxia (hypoxyprobe-1) and compared by digital quantification. Perfusion measurements were acquired using positron emission tomography microPET scans with [64Cu]-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([64Cu]-PTSM) and converted into standardized uptake values (SUV) for analysis. RESULTS On immunohistochemical analysis, the normal mouse cerebral perfusion was a quantitated mean of 325 +/- 20, the cerebral perfusion after TBI and treatment with placebo was 113 +/- 25, and the cerebral perfusion after TBI treated with propranolol was 172 +/- 23. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated treatment with propranolol improved cerebral perfusion by 152% (p value <0.01) and reduced cerebral hypoxia by 24.2% (p value <0.01) compared with treatment with placebo. MicroPET imaging of the normal mouse brain after injection with placebo measured a SUV of 0.7075 +/- 0.02; the normal mouse brain after treatment with propranolol measured a SUV of 0.400 +/- 0.02. After TBI and treatment with placebo, the SUV reduced to 0.395 +/- 0.01; after treatment with propranolol the SUV measured 0.515 +/- 0.04. MicroPET imaging demonstrated propranolol improved cerebral perfusion after TBI to 130% of placebo (p value <0.01). CONCLUSION Propranolol in vivo increased cerebral perfusion and decreased cerebral hypoxia. This research demonstrates beta-blockade may prevent additional brain damage after traumatic insult and should be the focus of future clinical trials.
Receptors determine the cellular localization of a γ‐tubulin complex and thereby the site of microtubule formation

The yeast microtubule organizing centre (MTOC), known as the spindle pole body (SPB), organizes the nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules which are functionally and spatially distinct. Microtubule organization requires the yeast γ‐tubulin complex (Tub4p complex) which binds to the nuclear side of the SPB at the N‐terminal domain of Spc110p. Here, we describe the identification of the essential SPB component Spc72p whose N‐terminal domain interacts with the Tub4p complex on the cytoplasmic side of the SPB. We further report that this Tub4p complex‐binding domain of Spc72p is essential and that temperature‐sensitive alleles of SPC72 or overexpression of a binding domain‐deleted variant of SPC72 (ΔN‐SPC72) impair cytoplasmic microtubule formation. Consequently, polynucleated and anucleated cells accumulated in these cultures. In contrast, overexpression of the entire SPC72 results in more cytoplasmic microtubules compared with wild‐type. Finally, exchange of the Tub4p complex‐binding domains of Spc110p and Spc72p established that the Spc110p domain, when attached to ΔN‐Spc72p, was functional at the cytoplasmic site of the SPB, while the corresponding domain of Spc72p fused to ΔN‐Spc110p led to a dominant‐negative effect. These results suggest that different components of MTOCs act as receptors for γ‐tubulin complexes and that they are essential for the function of MTOCs.
The use of the ant colony algorithm for analysis of high-dimension gene expression data sets .

The analysis of microarray data is quickly becoming common place in the field of animal science; however, due to the high dimensions and complex structure of expression information, traditional statistical models may be inadequate for the analysis of such data. To address issues associated with commonly used methods for the identification of predictive genes sets, the ant colony algorithm (ACA) is proposed for use on data sets with large numbers of features and complex structures. The ACA is an optimization algorithm capable of modeling complex data structures without the need for explicit parameterization. The incorporation of prior information and communication between simulated ants allow the ACA to search the sample space more efficiently than other optimization methods. When applied to a high-dimensional cancer microarray data set, the ACA was able to identify small subsets of highly predictive and biologically relevant genes without the need for simplifying assumptions. Using genes selected by the ACA to train a latent variable model yielded increases in prediction accuracy of 16.6% and 6.5% when compared to genes sets selected by test statistics and other optimization models. Furthermore, the ACA was able to converge to good solutions without the need for significant truncation of the data, as required by the other optimization algorithms. The ACA was also able to achieve higher prediction accuracies using fewer selected genes than the test statistics. This was attributed to ability of ACA to model the complex gene interactions, yielding gene lists far less redundant than those selected by test statistics used by statistical methodologies.
PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DENGAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING MELALUI METODE EKSPERIMEN DAN DEMONTRASI DISKUSI DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIK DAN KEMAMPUAN VERBAL SISWA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi diskusi, kemampuan matematik, dan kemampuan verbal serta interaksinya terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik. Populasinya terdiri dari siswa kelas X SMAN 5 Surakarta tahun pelajaran 2011/2012. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling terdiri 2 kelas yaitu kelas X-3 dan X-4. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode tes untuk prestasi kognitif, kemampuan matematik, dan kemampuan verbal serta dengan pengamatan langsung untuk psikomotorik dan afektif. Data dianalisis menggunakan variansi tiga jalan dengan desain faktorial 2x2x2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan: 1) ada pengaruh pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi diskusi terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif; 2) ada pengaruh kemampuan matematik tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif. 3) ada pengaruh kemampuan verbal tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif 4) tidak ada interaksi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi diskusi dengan kemampuan matematik terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif; 5) tidak ada interaksi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi diskusi dengan kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif; 6) tidak ada interaksi kemampuan matematik dengan kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif; 7) tidak ada interaksi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing menggunakan metode eksperimen dan demonstrasi diskusi, kemampuan matematik, kemampuan verbal terhadap prestasi kognitif, psikomotorik, dan afektif. Kata kunci : inkuiri terbimbing , metode eksperimen, metode d emonstrasi d iskusi, kalor
A framework for confronting key-swapping collusion attack on random pairwise key pre-distribution schemes for distributed sensor networks

Random pairwise key pre-distribution schemes have been adopted extensively as a preferred approach to pairwise key agreement problem in distributed sensor networks. However, their practical applicability is threatened by the key-swapping collusion attack whose goal is to ruin critical applications that require collaborative efforts. In this paper, we propose a light-weight framework for thwarting the attack. Our framework is a winning combination of intermittent deployment strategy and one-way hash chain. The framework thereby evades undesirable requirements of functionalities and resources, topological pre-deployment knowledge, or costly location-based detection algorithms, yet maintaining network scalability. Moreover, the in-depth analysis shows in the optimistic situation the framework not only completely defeats the attack but also diminishes usability of non-collusion compromised nodes to attackers. Meanwhile, it still maintains network resilience at a remarkable level in the worst situation. Finally, the performance overheads are analysed to be acceptable for use in the current sensor node generation.
THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT INVOLVEMENT AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON ONLINE IMPULSE BUYING OF IBA STUDENTS

The internet users in Indonesia is growing every year. Internet users use internet for various purposes one of them is for shopping. Students are one of the most active in using internet. Students especially in Manado city is known to actively use internet and have a consumptive lifestyle, thus it has a tendency for online impulse buying behavior. IBA’s students are the part of the students in Manado city. There are some factors which affect online impulse buying some of them are product involvement and social influence. The main objective of this research is to determine the effect of product involvement and social influence on online impulse buying partially and simultaneously. This research used associative method with technique analysis is multiple regression analysis. The population in this research is all of the students of IBA program in Sam Ratulangi University who ever buy online products impulsively, whereas sample of respondents are 100 respondents. The result of this study shows that product involvement and social influence affect on online impulse buying simultaneously and partially. This study suggest to the marketers to continue develop online products that have relevance or relationship with the customer and also continued intensively to do promotions in social media. Keywords : involvement, social influence, impulse buying
“Does Air Pollution Play a Role in Infertility?: a Systematic Review” (2017), by

In 2017, Julie Carré, and Roger published “Does Air Pollution Play a Role in Infertility? : a Systematic Review,” hereafter “Does Air Pollution Play a Role,” in the journal Environmental Health . The authors completed a systematic literature review to investigate the effects of air pollutants on fertility in exposed populations. Since air quality has an impact on overall health as well as on reproductive function, the authors sought to increase the awareness of the importance of environmental protection issues among the general public and the authorities. The article “Does Air Pollution Play a Role” provided the foundation for further research on how air pollution can contribute to low reproductive capacity in areas with high exposure. from motor vehicles and showed a decrease in daily production of motile sperm [12] cells and an increase in abnormally shaped sperm [12] cells. Less motile or abnormally shaped sperm [12] are less likely to fertilize an egg [11] . Rodents also had more sperm [12] DNA breakage when exposed to ambient air pollution. Human men showed similar results, as in a study which compared sperm [12] parameters among men who had high chance of exposure to vehicle exhaust from their workplace at toll plazas to unexposed men working in an office in the same company. The men exposed to exhaust had decreased sperm [12] count and sperm [12] mobility, and increased abnormal sperm [12] shape. Regarding female gametes, the authors described the results of two studies on mice and three on human women. Both studies on mice indicated decreased numbers of follicles following exposure to automobile pollution. Follicles contain immature eggs, or oocytes, and are associated with reproductive capacity, or how many eggs remain in someone’s body. The authors then reference studies that have observed the length of menstrual cycles in Chinese women who worked in petrochemical industries and experienced exposure to organic solvents. Those studies indicated an increase in menstrual cycle abnormalities, such as very long or very short menstrual cycles, following long-term exposure to common industrial solvents, which are liquids common in industrial settings. A third study on female police officers in Rome showed no difference in menstrual cycles due to increased exposure to traffic pollution, but that levels of estradiol [19] , a hormone [20] involved in the menstrual cycle, was lower during certain phases, and could impact fertility.
Pain, the Self and Persistence in Problem Solving

Research has suggested that people are motivated to achieve their hopes for the future (hoped-for self) while trying to move away from that which they fear becoming (feared-for self). In chronic pain populations, however, these hopes and fears become heavily dependent on the presence of pain. Research has suggested that there is a relationship between psychological distress and persistent attempts to remove pain in order to move away from one’s feared self (Wells, 2010). However, little is known about the relationship between the hoped-for self and persistent attempts at pain removal. The purpose of this research is to replicate the research of Wells (2010), adding to this work by exploring the relationship between persistent problem solving and the hoped-for self. An additional aim of the research was to further explore the use of a relatively new measure of scenario-based problem solving, the MEPS for Pain. Sixty chronic pain patients were recruited from one pain clinic in Leeds. Participants completed measures of pain disability (PDI), pain acceptance (CPAQ), pain intensity (VAS), feared self interview, hoped self interview and previously used measures of problem solving attitudes (PaSol) and scenario-based problem solving (MEPS for Pain). Participants also completed the MEPS for Pain-PPS a new measure of personal problem solving. Assimilative problem solving attitudes were significantly negatively correlated with feared-for self proximity but not enmeshment when using the PaSol, and did not correlate with any of the MEPS for Pain problem solving scales. Assimilative problem attitudes were significantly correlated with hoped-for self proximity and enmeshment when using the PaSol, but did not correlate with any of the MEPS for Pain problem solving scales. Assimilative problem solving as measured by the MEPS for Pain-PPS was correlated with hoped-for self enmeshment, but not with hoped-for self proximity or feared-for self proximity or enmeshment. The results suggest a relationship between feared-for and hoped-for self variables and problem solving attitudes as measure by the PaSol, however show no relationship with chronic pain patients scenario-based problem solving attempts. The implications of these findings are explored, limitations highlighted and areas of future research suggested.
Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies

OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review of interventions and policies aimed at reducing youth cigarette smoking in the United States, including strategies that have undergone evaluation and emerging innovations that have not yet been assessed for efficacy. DATA SOURCES Medline literature searches, books, reports, electronic list servers, and interviews with tobacco control advocates. DATA SYNTHESIS Interventions and policy approaches that have been assessed or evaluated were categorised using a typology with seven categories (school based, community interventions, mass media/public education, advertising restrictions, youth access restrictions, tobacco excise taxes, and direct restrictions on smoking). Novel and largely untested interventions were described using nine categories. CONCLUSIONS Youth smoking prevention and control efforts have had mixed results. However, this review suggests a number of prevention strategies that are promising, especially if conducted in a coordinated way to take advantage of potential synergies across interventions. Several types of strategies warrant additional attention and evaluation, including aggressive media campaigns, teen smoking cessation programmes, social environment changes, community interventions, and increasing cigarette prices. A significant proportion of the resources obtained from the recent settlement between 46 US states and the tobacco industry should be devoted to expanding, improving and evaluating “youth centred” tobacco prevention and control activities.
Differences in Study Motivation Within and Between Genders: An Examination by Gender Typicality Among Early Adolescents

Despite boys’ educational underachievement, gender differences in study motivation have received little research attention. Guided by self-determination theory and the identity-based motivation model, this study investigates differences in study motivation between boys and girls, as well as within each gender. To adequately consider these within-gender differences, we investigate gender and gender typicality interactions in a sample of 6,380 Flemish seventh graders collected in 2012-2013. Results from multilevel analyses show that, in line with the educational gender gap, girls display higher levels of autonomous motivation. Furthermore, gender-typical girls score highest on autonomous motivation. Gender-typical boys score considerably lower, though they outperform self-perceived atypical boys and girls. In controlled motivation, no differences are observed between boys and girls of equal ability. Nevertheless, higher scores on gender typicality contribute to a higher sense of controlled motivation. The results are discussed in light of well-being, the need for autonomy, and gendered expectations of teachers.
Relationship of Drug Use to Involvement in School, Home, and Community Activities: Results of a Large Survey of Adolescents

All 7th, 9th, and 11th grade students in 129 school districts responded to a 466-variable survey that primarily assessed drug use but also contained questions about involvement in various activities. Meaningful relationships were obtained between students' involvement in school, family, and church activities and reported use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Factors reflecting the extent of parental supervision were also related to the reported use of those substances.
Listeners’ identification and evaluation of Korean idiomatic utterances produced by persons with left- or right-hemisphere damage

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of left- (LHD) or right-hemisphere damage (RHD) on the production of matched idiomatic or literal expressions by examining healthy listeners’ abilities to identify, evaluate and perceptually characterize the utterances. Native speakers of Korean with LHD or RHD and healthy controls (HCs) produced six ditropically ambiguous (idiomatic or literal) sentences in an elicitation and a repetition task. Healthy listeners identified the sentence types and indicated how well each utterance represented the intended meaning. Perceptual ratings of voice quality were performed by expert listeners. The results indicate a negative effect of RHD on listeners’ identification and goodness ratings of utterance type. Repetition yielded better speech exemplars than elicitation. Sentence type was associated with selected voice qualities. These findings support previous reports of prosodic information serving to signal idiomatic versus literal meanings as well as a right-hemisphere involvement in formulaic language and the dual process model of language.
Predictive value of the additive and logistic EuroSCOREs in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the additive and logistic EuroSCOREs in predicting the operative mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING This was a single-center study performed in an educational hospital. PARTICIPANTS All patients (n = 1,885) who underwent AVR with (n = 813) or without (n = 1,072) CABG surgery between 1998 and 2007. INTERVENTIONS AVR with or without CABG surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Variable life-adjusted display curves were constructed to compare the observed operative mortality with the additive and logistic EuroSCOREs. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine the discriminatory power of the additive and logistic EuroSCOREs. Calibration between the predicted and the observed operative mortality was checked by comparing the predicted probability of the mortality with the additive and logistic EuroSCORE. In the isolated AVR group, the additive EuroSCORE was 5.8% predicted mortality and the logistic EuroSCORE was 7.2%, whereas the observed operative mortality was 3.2%. In the AVR with CABG surgery group, the additive EuroSCORE was 7.2% and the logistic EuroSCORE was 8.8%, whereas the observed operative mortality was 5.3%. ROC curve analyses showed a high discriminatory power for both EuroSCOREs in both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the additive and the logistic EuroSCOREs had good discriminatory power, they were not able to predict the actual operative mortality accurately. Both EuroSCOREs overestimated the operative mortality, especially in low-risk patients.
Constraints on the Collisional Nature of the Dark Matter from Gravitational Lensing in the Cluster A2218

The detailed distribution of mass within clusters of galaxies can be used to probe the nature of dark matter. We show that constraints on the extent of the mass distribution around galaxies in the rich cluster A2218 obtained from combining strong and weak lensing observations are consistent with the predictions that assume that the dominant mass component (dark matter) in these halos is collisionless. A strongly interacting (fluid-like) dark matter is ruled out at a confidence level of more than 5 σ.