Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' Subjective Age: An Indicator of Perceived Maturity

Two studies investigated the relation between adolescents' subjective age and their self-reported problem behavior, autonomy, and peer relationships. In Study 1, an older subjective age among 15-year-old girls and boys was correlated significantly and positively with several problem behaviors (e.g., substance use), behavioral autonomy, and aspects of peer relationships such as association with deviant peers and involvement with other-sex peers. In Study 2, data from 9- to 17-year-old adolescents revealed that after controlling for chronological age and pubertal status, subjective age was related significantly to several measures of self-reported problem behavior, behavioral autonomy, and peer relationships. The relations between subjective age and boys' problem behaviors and deviant peer association were curvilinear. The highest levels of these behaviors were reported by boys who felt markedly older than their chronological ages, compared to boys with younger subjective ages. These studies support the not.
Organizational Experiences and Propensity to Leave: A Multivariate Investigation of Men and Women Managers.

Abstract This study explored sex differences in managers′ workplace experiences and affective responses to their jobs and the contribution of these variables to their propensity to leave organizations. Differences in reasons for leaving were also investigated. A sample of 303 women and 238 men responded to a survey which measured personal, organizational, and positional attributes, as well as met expectations, reasons for leaving, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. An ANCOVA controlling for differences in age and experience showed sex differences in marital status, number of children, income, perceptions of job demands, and met expectations. Hierarchical regressions found no differences in the contribution of the variables to quit intentions. Position characteristics, commitment and satisfaction were important predictors of turnover intentions for both men and women. The results support situation-centered rather than person-centered explanations for apparent sex differences.
Are Fear and Urbanism at War?

Dense cities are vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Therefore, some scholars argue, we should deconcentrate American cities further, denying future terrorists targets of opportunity. But flee ing dense and diverse cities would undermine one of our greatest strengths in the so-called war on terrorism. Cities have frequently been dangerous places, but over the centuries people have flocked to them because of the economic opportunities and freedom they offer. Asa way of life, urbanism promotes toleration of differences and delegitimizes efforts to root political power in revealed religion. These modern beliefs are essential in the struggle against terrorism. The main threat to cities comes not from terrorism but from the policy responses to terrorism that could undermine the freedom of thought and movement that are the lifeblood of cities.
Age‐related changes in the hamster epididymis

Reproductive ability is decreased in aged animals and in men. Little is known about the changes taking place in the epididymis, and the possible influence on the loss of sperm quality. We studied the age‐related alterations in the epididymis and in epididymal spermatozoa of hamsters. Adult (6‐month‐old), middle‐aged (18‐month‐old), and aged (24‐month‐old) hamsters were used. Serum samples were obtained to determine testosterone levels. Testes and epididymides were removed and studied by light and electron microscopy. Epididymal sperm was also obtained and the motility, position of cytoplasmic droplet, and concentration were evaluated. Measurements of the height of the epithelium, length of stereocilia, external tubular diameter, and thickness of the muscular wall were performed. The proliferative activity was also studied. An ANOVA analysis was used to compare quantitative differences between epididymal zones and age groups. Aged hamsters presented involutive changes in the epididymis. A decrease in tubular diameter was found in cauda; principal cell ultrastructure showed changes including the appearance of damaged mitochondria, bundles of filaments, and the accumulation of lipofuscin. Some clear cells showed an unusual morphology by the presence of large electrondense vacuoles. A reduction in sperm quality was also observed, including a decrease in sperm motility and concentration, and alterations in the migration of sperm cytoplasmic droplet. Testosterone levels and cellular proliferative activity did not change. Aging causes a morphological alteration of hamster epididymis (mainly in the cauda), and a decrease in sperm quality. Anat Rec 256:335–346, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Na+/I− Symporter Mediates Iodide Uptake in Breast Cancer Metastases and Can Be Selectively Down-Regulated in the Thyroid

Purpose: The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane protein that mediates active iodide (I−) transport in the thyroid, lactating breast, and other tissues. Functional NIS expression in thyroid cancer accounts for the longstanding success of radioactive iodide (131I) ablation of metastases after thyroidectomy. Breast cancer is the only other cancer demonstrating endogenous functional NIS expression. Until now, NIS activity in breast cancer metastases (BCM) was unproven. Experimental Design: Twenty-seven women were scanned with 99mTcO4− or 123I− to assess NIS activity in their metastases. An 131I dosimetry study was offered to patients with I−-accumulating tumors. Selective down-regulation of thyroid NIS was tested in 13 patients with T3 and in one case with T3 + methimazole (MMI; blocks I− organification). NIS expression was evaluated in index and/or metastatic tumor samples by immunohistochemistry. Results: I− uptake was noted in 25% of NIS-expressing tumors (two of eight). The remaining cases did not show NIS expression or activity. Thyroid I− uptakes were decreased to ≤2.8% at 24 h in T3-treated patients and 1/100 normal with T3/MMI. Uptake (2.9%) was calculated in a peribronchial metastasis on 131I dosimetry scans at 4 h with disappearance of the signal by 24 h. We estimated a therapeutic dose of 3000 cGy could be achieved in this metastasis with 100 mCi of 131I if the tumor exhibited the same dynamics as the T3/MMI-suppressed thyroid. Conclusions: This is the first article of in vivo, scintigraphically detected, NIS-mediated I− accumulation in human BCM. T3/MMI down-regulation of thyroid NIS makes 131I-radioablation of BCM possible with negligible thyroid uptake and radiation damage.
Race in the study of food

Recent reviews of food scholarship in Progress in Human Geography have begun to engage with racial identity but have not considered the breadth of work on the subject. Once we look outside what is known as agri-food studies to research in international development, environmental history, feminist theory, cultural studies and anthropology, it is evident that a large body of research exists relating race to the production, distribution and consumption of food. However, to see how this work actually refers to race often requires reading between the lines. Authors may refer to ‘difference’, ‘alterity’ or ‘Otherness’ instead of race and some are not explicit about the theory of race upon which they draw. Consequently, it is not always evident how race matters to the study of food. This paper’s contribution is to propose how theories of race are being used in this literature. It does so by drawing on the work of geographers, but the paper seeks to engage with research outside the discipline as well. Most literature implicitly relies on the social construction of race to consider representations and performances of race in contexts of eating or producing food. A smaller body of work theorizes racial embodiment as a material process. Explicit engagement with the concept of race and its diverse theoretical foundations is important because it allows scholars to make arguments about how racism shapes food systems, to understand how race changes through food, and to consider how food might enable different theorizations of race.
Position statement on youth resistance training: the 2014 International Consensus

The current manuscript has been adapted from the official position statement of the UK Strength and Conditioning Association on youth resistance training. It has subsequently been reviewed and endorsed by leading professional organisations within the fields of sports medicine, exercise science and paediatrics. The authorship team for this article was selected from the fields of paediatric exercise science, paediatric medicine, physical education, strength and conditioning and sports medicine.
Loss of Singleminded-2s in the Mouse Mammary Gland Induces an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Associated with Up-Regulation of Slug and Matrix Metalloprotease 2

ABSTRACT The short splice variant of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor Singleminded-2, SIM2s, has been implicated in development and is frequently lost or reduced in primary breast tumors. Here, we show that loss of Sim2s causes aberrant mouse mammary gland ductal development with features suggestive of malignant transformation, including increased proliferation, loss of polarity, down-regulation of E-cadherin, and invasion of the surrounding stroma. Additionally, knockdown of SIM2s in MCF-7 breast cancer cells contributed to an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased tumorigenesis. In both Sim2−/− mammary glands and SIM2s-depleted MCF7 cells, these changes were associated with increased SLUG and MMP2 levels. SIM2s protein was detectable on the SLUG promoter, and overexpression of SIM2s repressed expression from a SLUG-controlled reporter in a dose-dependent manner. To our knowledge, SIM2s is the first protein shown to bind and repress the SLUG promoter, providing a plausible explanation for the development role and breast tumor-suppressive activity of SIM2s. Together, our results suggest that SIM2s is a key regulator of mammary-ductal development and that loss of SIM2s expression is associated with an invasive, EMT-like phenotype.
Downlink interference analysis in DS-CDMA for unequal power requirements: The dirty user problem

Downlink interference analysis within direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems is considered in this paper. Although orthogonal codes are used at the base-station transmitter, multi-path and different power requirements of terminals mean that substantial multiple access interference is suffered at the terminals. With the multitude of terminals available for 2G and 3G systems, inefficient terminal design leads to the “Dirty User Problem”, that is, where a terminal requests more power from the base-station than an alternate terminal located at the same position. A “dirty user” causes higher interference on all other users in the cell and ultimately limits the capacity of the downlink link of a DS-CDMA system. This paper investigates this affect by determining the performance degradation in terms of the percentage of dirty users and their power requirement, compared to a conventional receiver.
Controversies About Capitalism and Apartheid in South Africa: An Economic Perspective

The controversy about the relationship between apartheid and capitalism is reviewed from an economic perspective. On the methodological side it is argued that different understandings of wage determination and of the distinction between the interests of capital and capitalism, have been a source of confusion. The old ‘liberal‐radical’ debate was concerned with the clash between neo‐classical and revisionist Marxist economic ideas to the detriment of alternative economic perspectives. Over the past decade, however, social‐democratic ideas have become more popular and represent a potential middle ground between the old extremes.
Run-time voltage hopping for low-power real-time systems

This paper presents a novel run-time dynamic voltage scaling scheme for low-power real-time systems. It employs software feedback control of supply voltage, which is applicable to off-the-shelf processors. It avoids interface problems from variable clock frequency. It provides efficient power reduction by fully exploiting slack time arising from workload variation. Using software analysis environment, the proposed scheme is shown to achieve 80~94% power reduction for typical real-time multimedia applications.
Protein Secondary Structure Prediction with Long Short Term Memory Networks

Prediction of protein secondary structure from the amino acid sequence is a classical bioinformatics problem. Common methods use feed forward neural networks or SVMs combined with a sliding window, as these models does not naturally handle sequential data. Recurrent neural networks are an generalization of the feed forward neural network that naturally handle sequential data. We use a bidirectional recurrent neural network with long short term memory cells for prediction of secondary structure and evaluate using the CB513 dataset. On the secondary structure 8-class problem we report better performance (0.674) than state of the art (0.664). Our model includes feed forward networks between the long short term memory cells, a path that can be further explored.
Metazoan community structure in relation to the fractal dimensions of marine macroalgae

A measure of the complexity of a habitat independent of habitat type has long been required by benthic ecologists, particularly when comparisons between habitats or substrates need to be made and related to parameters of community structure. Using marine algae from the Isles of Scilly, UK, and their associated epifaunal communities as a testbed we have Investigated how the use of fractals may be one method of solving some of these problems The fractal dimensions of 4 species of macroalgae with a range of growth forms indicate an increasing order of complexity, which is paralleled by differences in the community composition and increasing diversity of 2 different size fractions of the epifaunal communities associated with each alga We conclude that the fractal dimensions of the habitat provide a numerical expression of complexity which is easy to calculate, is Independent of the nature of the habitat and is related to the scale at which the habitat may be viewed by the size hierarchies of animals which occupy it.
Sequence Modeling using Gated Recurrent Neural Networks

In this paper, we have used Recurrent Neural Networks to capture and model human motion data and generate motions by prediction of the next immediate data point at each time-step. Our RNN is armed with recently proposed Gated Recurrent Units which has shown promising results in some sequence modeling problems such as Machine Translation and Speech Synthesis. We demonstrate that this model is able to capture long-term dependencies in data and generate realistic motions.
Comparison of Maximum Likelihood, Generalized Least Squares, Ordinary Least Squares, and Asymptotically Distribution Free Parameter Estimates in Drug Abuse Latent Variable Causal Models

Latent variable causal modeling techniques are sometimes criticized when applied to drug abuse data because the commonly-employed maximum likelihood parameter estimation method requires that the data be normally distributed for the statistical tests to be accurate. In this article, four estimators for the parameters in two large latent variable causal models are compared in real drug abuse datasets. One estimator does not require that the data be multivariate normal and does, in fact, correct for data non-normality. Specifically, maximum likelihood and generalized least squares estimators for normally-distributed variables are compared with Browne's asymptotically distribution free techniques for continuous non-normally distributed data. Additionally, ordinary (unweighted) least squares estimates are used. Descriptions of the techniques are given and actual results in two “real” datasets are provided. It is concluded that the distribution free technique provides results which are generally comparable to those obtained with maximum likelihood estimation for datasets which depart in typical ways from the ideal of the multivariate normal distribution.
Learner-Controlled Self-Observation is Advantageous for Motor Skill Acquisition

There were two main objectives of this research. First, we wanted to examine whether video feedback of the self (self-observation) was more effective for motor skill learning when the choice to view the video was provided to the learner (learner-controlled, LC) as opposed to an experimenter-controlled (EC) delivery. Secondly, we explored whether there were differences in the self-regulatory processes of self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation, as well as perceived choice between the LC and EC conditions. Two groups (LC and EC) of children (M age of 11.2 years; SD = 1.89) attempted to learn a progression of trampoline skills during a 2-day acquisition phase in which video self-observation was available. The second acquisition day was followed by a no self-observation retention test 1 day later. It was hypothesized that, during retention, the LC group would be more self-efficacious about their ability to progress through the trampoline skills, show greater intrinsic motivation and perceived choice, and go further in skill progression than the EC group. Analysis of the acquisition data showed the LC group had greater increases in self-efficacy as compared to the EC group. Results of the retention test showed that the participants in the LC group obtained higher scores on the intrinsic motivation and perceived choice measures and had higher skill progression scores as compared to the EC group. Regression analysis showed that group assignment and self-efficacy were significant predictors of the physical performance benefits noted in retention. These findings are discussed within Zimmerman’s (2004) self-regulation of learning model.
Iterant Algebra

We give an exposition of iterant algebra, a generalization of matrix algebra that is motivated by the structure of measurement for discrete processes. We show how Clifford algebras and matrix algebras arise naturally from iterants, and we then use this point of view to discuss the Schrödinger and Dirac equations, Majorana Fermions, representations of the braid group and the framed braids in relation to the structure of the Standard Model for physics.
Failing intercultural education? ‘Thoughtfulness’ in intercultural education for student teachers

This paper proposes a rethinking of intercultural education in teacher education, arguing that discussion of the intercultural education of student teachers tends to have the following two gaps: one, such discussion tends to overlook student teacher education as a context for teaching intercultural education, and two, it tends to ignore the self of the teacher educator. This paper aims to address both gaps. In doing so, the first task of the paper is to analyse student teacher education critically, as a structural, ideological context for intercultural education; the second task of the paper is to rethink the pedagogical relationship between a student teacher and a teacher educator, considering the self of the teacher educator in particular. The paper concludes by suggesting ‘thoughtfulness’ as a fruitful idea for the intercultural education of student teachers.
Association between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Southern Chinese and a Meta-Analysis

Background Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a common risk factor in cigarette smoking and a large portion of patients with lung cancer suffer from COPD synchronously. We therefore hypothesized that COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Our aim was to investigate the intrinsic linkage of COPD (or emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma) and lung cancer. Methods The present hospital-based case-control study included 1,069 patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer and 1,132 age frequency matched cancer-free controls. The odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between each previous pulmonary disease and lung cancer were estimated with logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, family history of cancer, BMI and pack year smoking. In meta-analysis, the pooled effects of previous pulmonary diseases were analyzed with random effects models; and stratification analyses were conducted on smoking status and ethnicity. Results In the case-control study, previous COPD was associated with the odds for increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00∼1.68); so were emphysema (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.03∼2.32) and chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 0.99∼1.67); while asthma was associated with odds for decreased risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.16∼0.53). These associations were more pronounced in smokers (P<.05 for all strata), but not in non-smokers. In meta-analysis, 35 studies (22,010 cases and 44,438 controls) were identified. COPD was significantly associated with the odds for increased risk of lung cancer (pooled OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.85–4.11), so were emphysema (OR = 3.02; 95% CI = 2.41–3.79) and chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.49–2.36); and these associations were more pronounced in smokers than in non-smokers (P<.001 respectively). No significant association was observed for asthma. Conclusion Previous COPD could increase the risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers.
Enabling critical reflection on research supervisory practice

This paper describes the development of an instrument—The Reflective Supervisor Questionnaire (RSQ). The RSQ maps the domain of research supervisory practice as a facilitative process involving educational tasks and activities. It is designed to assist research supervisors explore, by means of self‐reflection and reflection on feedback from others, how they practise supervision. In developing the RSQ 58 items were generated describing 5 hypothesised constructs derived from prior research. The resulting instrument was tested on postgraduate research students in 2 institutions. The questionnaire correlated highly with an established questionnaire supervision scale and with an overall satisfaction measure. Four factors identified in an exploratory analysis closely approximated the hypothesised constructs and extended the theoretical framework being developed. These 4 factors identified 4 subsets of facilitative supervisory practice: Progressing the Candidature, Mentoring, Coaching the Research Project, and Sponsoring Student Participation in Academic/Professional Practice. Issues in the interpretation of the findings and the possible usage in academic development programs of an instrument based on them are discussed.
The Effects of Physical Conditioning on selected Dimensions of Self Concept in Sedentary Females

Occupational therapists treat a large number of clients who maintain inactive lifestyles and who exhibit physical as well as psychological impairments. While a link is widely accepted betwcen physical and mental health, research in this area is equivocal. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that physical conditioning improves self-concept and body-satisfaction. The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Body-Cathexis Scale (BCS) were administered before and after a physical training program to sedentary females. The subjects, ranging from 23-41 years of age, underwent exercise tests, were matched by age, weight, and fitness level and randomly assigned to arm-training, leg-training or control groups. The conditioning groups exercised on cycle ergometers for 6 weeks while the control group refrained from exercise. Analyses of variance conducted on three subcales of the TSCS and on the BCS revealed groups X trials interactions that were significant for the physical self and self-satisf.