Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Tax Exclusive and Inclusive Prices on Demand

We test the equivalence of tax-inclusive and tax-exclusive prices through a series of experiments that differ only in their handling of the tax. Subjects receive a cash budget and decide how much to keep and how much to spend on various attractively priced goods. Subjects spend significantly more when faced with tax-exclusive prices. This treatment effect is robust to different price levels, to initial shopping-cart purchases and persists throughout most of the ten rounds. A goods-level analysis, intra-round revisions as well as results from a third tax-deduction treatment all cast doubt on salience as the source of our findings.
Mass Spectrometry Direct-Tissue Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Proteomic-Based Prognosis of Brain Tumor Patients Using

Clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions for a subset of primary human brain tumors, gliomas, are based almost exclusively on tissue histology. Approaches for glioma diagnosis can be highly subjective due to the heterogeneity and infiltrative nature of these tumors and depend on the skill of the neuropathologist. There is therefore a critical need to develop more precise, nonsubjective, and systematicmethods to classify human gliomas. To this end, mass spectrometric analysis has been applied to these tumors to determine glioma-specific protein patterns. Protein profiles have been obtained from human gliomas of various grades through direct analysis of tissue samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Statistical algorithms applied to the MS profiles from tissue sections identified protein patterns that correlated with tumor histology and patient survival. Using a data set of 108 glioma patients, two patient populations, a short-term and a long-term survival group, were identified based on the tissue protein profiles. In addition, a subset of 57 patients diagnosed with high-grade, grade IV, malignant gliomas were analyzed and a novel classification scheme that segregated short-term and long-term survival patients based on the proteomic profiles was developed. The protein patterns described served as an independent indicator of patient survival. These results show that this new molecular approach to monitoring gliomas can provide clinically relevant information on tumor malignancy and is suitable for high-throughput clinical screening. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(17): 7674-81)
Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO - A Survey

Hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers, which combine large-dimensional analog pre/postprocessing with lower-dimensional digital processing, are the most promising approach for reducing the hardware cost and training overhead in massive MIMO systems. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the various incarnations of such structures that have been proposed in the literature. We provide a taxonomy in terms of the required channel state information (CSI), namely whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or the average (second-order) CSI; while the former provides somewhat better signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR), the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition. We furthermore distinguish hardware structures of different complexities. Finally, we point out the special design aspects for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies.
On-line Assessment of Statistical Learning by Event-related Potentials

We investigated the neural processes involved in on-line statistical learning and word segmentation. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants were exposed to continuous, nonlinguistic auditory sequences, the elements of which were organized into tritone words that were sequenced in random order, with no silent spaces between them. After listening to three 6.6-min sessions of sequences, the participants performed a behavioral choice test, in which they were instructed to indicate the most familiar tone sequence in each test trial by pressing buttons. The participants were divided into three groups (high, middle, and low learners) based on their behavioral performance. The overall mean performance was 74.4%, indicating that the tone sequence was segmented and that the participants learned the tone words statistically. Grand-averaged ERPs showed that word onset (initial tone) elicited the largest N100 and N400 in the early learning session of high learners, but in middle learners, the word-onset effect was elicited in a later session, and there was no effect in low learners. The N400 amplitudes significantly differed between the three learning sessions in the high- and middle-learner groups. The results suggest that the N400 effect indicates not only on-line word segmentation but also the degree of statistical learning. This study provides insight into the neural mechanisms underlying on-line statistical learning processes.
Social Loafing and Swimming: Effects of Identifiability on Individual and Relay Performance of Intercollegiate Swimmers

A sizable body of research indicates that people tend to put forth less effort when performing in groups than when alone, a phenomenon called social loafing. However, archival data suggest that swimmers actually perform better when swimming in relays than when swimming in individuals events. Physical factors contributing to this difference were controlled in an experiment in which the degree of identifiability of swimmers' times and type of event (individual vs. relay) were manipulated. A significant interaction between these two variables resulted, supporting previous social loafing findings. Swimmers recorded significantly better times in relays than individually when identifiability was high but tended to perform more poorly in relays under conditions of low identifiability.
Effects of fatigue on kinetic and kinematic variables during a 60-second repeated jumps test.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a maximal repeated-jumps task on force production, muscle activation and kinematics, and to determine if changes in performance were dependent on gender. METHODS Eleven male and nine female athletes performed continuous countermovement jumps for 60 s on a force platform while muscle activation was assessed using surface electromyography. Performances were videotaped and digitized (60 Hz). Data were averaged across three jumps in 10-s intervals from the initial jump to the final 10 s of the test. RESULTS No interaction between time and gender was evident for any variable; therefore, all results represent data collapsed across gender. Preactivation magnitude decreased across time periods for anterior tibialis (AT, P < .001), gastrocnemius (GAS, P < .001) and biceps femoris (BF, P = .03), but not for vastus lateralis (VL, P = .16). Muscle activation during ground contact did not change across time for BF; however, VL, G, and AT showed significant reductions (all P < .001). Peak force was reduced at 40 s compared with the initial jumps, and continued to be reduced at 50 and 60 s (all P < .05). The time from peak force to takeoff was greater at 50 and 60 s compared with the initial jumps (P < .05). Both knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion were reduced across time (both P < .001), whereas no change in relative hip angle was evident (P = .10). Absolute angle of the trunk increased with time (P < .001), whereas the absolute angle of the shank decreased (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In response to the fatiguing task, subjects reduced muscle activation and force production and altered jumping technique; however, these changes were not dependent on gender.
Differentiating between Confrontive and Coercive Kinds of Parental Power-Assertive Disciplinary Practices

In this essay, I differentiate between coercive and confrontive kinds of power assertion to elucidate the significantly different effects on children’s well-being of authoritarian and authoritative styles of parental authority. Although both parenting styles (in contrast to the permissive style) are equally demanding, forceful, and power-assertive, they differ from each other in the characteristic kind of power they assert on their children to obtain compliance with parents’ demands. The kind of power that characterizes authoritarian parents is coercive (arbitrary, peremptory, domineering, and concerned with marking status distinctions), whereas the kind of power that characterizes authoritative parents is confrontive (reasoned, negotiable, outcome-oriented, and concerning with regulating behaviors). I argue that the effects of power assertion are detrimental only when coercive, so that the common presumption that power-assertive disciplinary practices per se are harmful is unjustified.
Are cosmopolitan dispositions learned at home, at school, or through contact with others? Evidence from young people in Europe

ABSTRACT There has been a resurgence of interest in cosmopolitan theories of citizenship over the past two decades, as academics and policy-makers have sought to understand and conceptualise citizenship affiliations that transcend the nation-state. As part of these debates, a number of theories have been developed to try to explain the emergence of cosmopolitan dispositions, and in particular, why some citizens develop these dispositions and others do not. This article seeks to refine these theories by testing their assumptions on a youth sample, by drawing on the findings of the wider youth socialisation literature, and by comparing the relative merits of different ‘sources’ of cosmopolitanism (namely cognitive engagement; contact with cultural Others; learning a foreign language; and exposure to discussions about international issues in the public and the private sphere). To do so, the analysis draws on data from the 2009 International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) and its survey of young people aged 14. Using these data, this article will show that each of these theories are positively associated with cosmopolitan sources, but that the strength of these relationships is variable and that not all sources of cosmopolitan dispositions are equal. Based on these findings, this article will argue that schools can play an important role in cultivating cosmopolitan dispositions at this particular life stage.
Locus of Control and Psychological Well-Being: Separating the Measurement of Internal and External Constructs -- A Pilot Study

When measuring the relationship between locus of control (LOC) and psychological well-being, internal and external locus of control have been bound within a single construct. In this pilot study, it was hypothesized that internal and external locus of control would each predict unique variance in psychological well-being. University students (n = 577) took part in a self-report survey through an online data-collection system. Using simultaneous linear regression analyses, results showed that external LOC predicted unique variance in self-esteem, depression, and stress. Internal LOC was found to have no unique association with psychological well-being. This implies that internal and external LOC should be measured as two separate constructs, and that external LOC is the main factor in predicting well-being.
Changing Femininity, Changing Concepts of Citizenship in Public and Private Spheres

This article reports on an EU-funded project conducted in Greece, Portugal, England and Wales. Data were collected from male and female student teachers using surveys, interviews and focus groups. The project investigated their understanding of citizenship and the role of men and women in public and private life. Pateman's (1988) concept of a sexual contractwas used to discover how student teachers understood changing relations between men and women. Young professionals in each country had relatively similar representations of the public sphere, which was seen as a distant sphere in which masculine power was unchallenged. The tension between power and femininity was articulated differently by men and women. Cross-national comparisons revealed how women in different European countries struggle (albeit in different ways) over gender relations in family life and in everyday social contexts. Although gender relations are changing, the primary context for female citizenship is still predominantly the family. The sexual contract remains therefore a key theme to be considered in relation to the education of citizens.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2-{[5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}ethan-1-one

In the crystal, the molecules are linked into [100] chains by way of C—H⋯O, C—H⋯N, C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the packing are H⋯H (19.5%), N⋯H (17.3%), C⋯H (15.5%), Br⋯H (11.7%), and O⋯H (11.0%) interactions.
Behavioural and vocal responses in Canis Lupus in response to transposed playbacks

Materials and methods Responses of six wolves from two packs (North American and Juvenile packs) at the Wolf Conservation Trust, Berkshire, UK were recorded 10 seconds after ending playback of a pre-recorded howl track (Wolf Howl Animal Preserve LLC, Mississippi, America). Each track was transposed using Ableton Live 7.0 and ranged from 6st(very low pitched) to 6st (high pitched) at intervals of 2st. Four different tracks of 45 seconds were used in a repeated measures design, played either high to low, or low to high, weekly over an 8 week period. A 10 minute refractory period was left between each track to allow the wolves to return to normal behaviours. Responses were graded using the following scale. 1=no response, 2=eye contact, 3=ear twitching, 4=head up/noticeable looking, 5=sniffing, 6=get up, 7=movement towards the sound or purposefully away, 8=whimper/yip/bark or whine, 9=short or quiet howl, 10=long or loud howl. Data were analysed using Minitab v15 ANOVA GLM.
Individual and Developmental Differences in the Relationship of Preferences and Theory of Mind

Theory of mind and individual preferences are important determinants in social decision making. The current study examined in a large sample whether being a cooperative preference type is related with better theory of mind skills. Furthermore, by testing adolescents and adults, we examined the impact of age on this relation. Theory of mind is measured in a Public Goods Game. Results indicate that the cooperative type predicted other players. preference types more accurately in the first round of the Public Goods Game. Regarding age differences, cooperative adults estimated the behavior of players of the same type better than cooperative adolescents. Adolescents show lower cooperation levels and a slower adaption of behavior than adults indicating ongoing development of theory of mind in adolescence.
Cognitive social psychology : the Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition

Contents: Part I:The Motives Driving Social Cognition. C.D. Hardin, T.D. Conley, A Relational Approach to Cognition: Shared Experience and Relationship Affirmation in Social Cognition. M.M. Thompson, M.E. Naccarato, K.C. H. Parker, G.B. Moskowitz, The Personal Need for Structure and Personal Fear of Invalidity Measures: Historical Perspectives, Current Applications, and Future Directions. J. Stone, Behavioral Discrepancies and the Role of Construal Processes in Cognitive Dissonance. E.M. Pomerantz, J.L. Saxon, G.A. Kenney, Self-Evaluation: The Development of Sex Differences. H. Blanton, Evaluating the Self in the Context of Another: The Three-Selves Model of Social Comparison Assimilation and Contrast. J.T. Jost, Outgroup Favoritism and the Theory of System Justification: A Paradigm for Investigating the Effects of Socioeconomic Success on Stereotype Content. Part II:Building Blocks of Social Cognition: Representation and Structure. J.J. Hetts, B.W. Pelham, A Case for the Nonconscious Self-Concept. S. Chen, The Role of Theories in Mental Representations and Their Use in Social Perception: A Theory-Based Approach to Significant-Other Representations and Transference. M.W. Morris, D.R. Ames, E.D. Knowles, What We Theorize When We Theorize That We Theorize: Examining the "Implicit Theory" Construct From a Cross-Disciplinary Perspective. M. Schaller, L.G. Conway, III, From Cognition to Culture: The Origins of Stereotypes That Really Matter. J.W. Sherman, The Dynamic Relationship Between Stereotype Efficiency and Mental Representation. L.S. Newman, A Cornerstone for the Science of Interpersonal Behavior? Person Perception and Person Memory, Past, Present, and Future. Part III:Subjective Perception and Motivated Judgment. D.S. Krull, On Partitioning the Fundamental Attribution Error: Dispositionalism and the Correspondence Bias. D.A. Stapel, W. Koomen, Let's Not Forget the Past When We Go to the Future: On Our Knowledge of Knowledge Accessibility. S.J. Stroessner, J.E. Plaks, Illusory Correlation and Stereotype Formation: Tracing the Arc of Research Over a Quarter Century. J.D. Vorauer, The Other Side of the Story: Transparency Estimation in Social Interaction. D.T. Wegener, M. Dunn, D. Tokusato, The Flexible Correction Model: Phenomenology and the Use of Naive Theories in Avoiding or Removing Bias. A. Liberman, Exploring the Boundaries of Rationality: A Functional Perspective on Dual-Process Models in Social Psychology. Part IV:Control Over Cognition and Action. N. Roese, The Crossroads of Affect and Cognition: Counterfactuals as Compensatory Cognition. C.M. Brendl, Goals and the Compatibility Principle in Attitudes, Judgment, and Choice. G.B. Moskowitz, Preconscious Control and Compensatory Cognition. I.V. Blair, Implicit Stereotypes and Prejudice. M.J. Monteith, C.I. Voils, Exerting Control Over Prejudiced Responses.
The Diverse Fathering Practices of Men Who Perpetrate Domestic Violence

Abstract Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from in-depth interviews with 17 Australian fathers who were participating in a men's behaviour change program. The study found that men's fathering varied and posed significant, yet different, risks to women, children, and young people. Variations were particularly evident when analysing narratives of masculinity with perceptions of control over the use of domestic violence. Other aspects of men's identities such as class, culture, and health intersected with gender and contributed to the diversity of harmful fathering practices. This paper spotlights the substantive issue of men's domestic violence and its impact on all aspects of family life, rather than current practices which frequently focus on women and their mothering practices.
An adaptive digital method of imbalances cancellation in LINC transmitters

The linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) technique is a well-known power amplifier linearization method to reduce adjacent channel interference in a nonconstant envelope modulation system. Its major drawback is the inherent sensitivity to gain and phase imbalances between the two amplifier branches. In this paper, a novel full-digital base band method is described which corrects any gain and phase imbalances in LINC transmitters mainly due to the unmatching of the two amplifier paths. Amplifiers are characterized by a level-dependent complex gain using a memoryless model. The method uses adaptive signal processing techniques to obtain the optimal complex coefficient to adjust gain and phase imbalances. Its main advantage is the ability to track the input signal variations and adapt to the changes of amplifier nonlinear characteristics. Other effects are included in the analysis such as quadrature modulator and demodulator imbalances and loop delay. A computer simulation has been carried out to verify the method functionality.
Association of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and Interleukin-1beta (IL1B), Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Plasma Lipids with Type-II Diabetes

Background Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to play a role in the regulation of satiety, energy balance, body weight, and insulin release. Interleukin-1beta (IL1B) has been associated with loss of beta-cell mass in type-II diabetes (TIID). Objectives The present study attempts to investigate the association of NPY exon2 +1128 T/C (Leu7Pro; rs16139), NPY promoter -399 T/C (rs16147) and IL1B -511 C/T (rs16944) polymorphisms with TIID and their correlation with plasma lipid levels, BMI, and IL1B transcript levels. Methods PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping these polymorphisms in a case-control study involving 558 TIID patients and 1085 healthy age-matched controls from Gujarat. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of the NPY polymorphic sites were performed to assess their association with TIID. IL1B transcript levels in PBMCs were also assessed in 108 controls and 101 patients using real-time PCR. Results Our results show significant association of both structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001 respectively) in patients with TIID. However, the IL1B C/T polymorphism did not show any association (p = 0.3797) with TIID patients. Haplotype analysis revealed more frequent association of CC and CT haplotypes (p = 3.34 x 10−5, p = 6.04 x 10−9) in diabetics compared to controls and increased the risk of diabetes by 3.02 and 2.088 respectively. Transcript levels of IL1B were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in patients as compared to controls. Genotype-phenotype correlation of IL1B polymorphism did not show any association with its higher transcript levels. In addition, NPY +1128 T/C polymorphism was found to be associated with increased plasma LDL levels (p = 0.01). Conclusion The present study provides an evidence for a strong correlation between structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY gene and upregulation of IL1B transcript levels with susceptibility to TIID and altering the lipid metabolism in Gujarat population.