Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond Lactate: Is There a Role for Serum Lactate Measurement in Diagnosing Acute Mesenteric Ischemia?

Background/Aims: Measurement of serum lactate remains the most frequently applied laboratory investigation to diagnose acute mesenteric (intestinal) ischemia. The present review aims at critically questioning the widespread measurement of serum lactate to diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia in clinical practice and at drawing attention to more novel markers of intestinal ischemia. Methods: An electronic search of multiple databases was performed with the key words ‘lactate’, ‘marker’, ‘mesenteric’, ‘intestinal’ and ‘ischemia’ to detect all relevant studies. Additionally, the references of published articles were also reviewed. Results: Serum lactate is an unspecific marker of tissue hypoperfusion and undergoes significant elevation only after advanced mesenteric damage. While L-lactate is the routinely measured stereoisomer of lactate, the other stereoisomer, D-lactate, has been shown to bear a somewhat higher specificity, which is still not comparable to the extremely specific nature of ischemia markers from other organs (e.g. cardiac ischemia). Larger studies are currently lacking to reliably advocate the routine clinical usage of novel markers like mucosal damage markers such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Conclusion: Based on current evidence, the level of no single serum marker, including serum lactate, is elevated early and specifically enough in the serum to diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia.
The Evolution of Host‐Parasite Range

Understanding the coevolution of hosts and parasites is one of the key challenges for evolutionary biology. In particular, it is important to understand the processes that generate and maintain variation. Here, we examine a coevolutionary model of hosts and parasites where infection does not depend on absolute rates of transmission and defense but is approximately all‐or‐nothing, depending on the relative levels of defense and infectivity of the host and the parasite. We show that considerable diversity can be generated and maintained because of epidemiological feedbacks, with strains differing in the range of host and parasite types they can respectively infect or resist. Parasites with broad and narrow ranges therefore coexist, as do broadly and narrowly resistant hosts, but this diversity occurs without the assumption of highly specific gene interactions. In contrast to gene‐for‐gene models, cycling in strain types is found only under a restrictive set of circumstances. The generation of diversity in both hosts and parasites is dependent on the shape of the trade‐off relationships but is more likely in long‐lived hosts and chronic disease with long infectious periods. Overall, our model shows that significant diversity in infectivity and resistance range can evolve and be maintained from initially monomorphic populations.
The Effects of Computerized Auditory Feedback on Electronic Article Surveillance Tag Placement in an Auto-Parts Distribution Center

ABSTRACT In this report from the field, computerized auditory feedback was used to inform order selectors and order selector auditors in a distribution center to add an electronic article surveillance (EAS) adhesive tag. This was done by programming handheld computers to emit a loud beep for high-priced items upon scanning the item's bar-coded Universal Product Code (UPC). Adding the auditory component to the visual component of the handheld computer significantly decreased the number of untagged EAS items leaving the facility. The role of the organizational behavior management practitioner in applied settings in designing interventions—some of which can be quite simple and inexpensive, yet add tremendous value—was examined.
Transgenic oncogene mice. Tumor phenotype predicts genotype.

The hypothesis that oncogenes influence tumor phenotype was tested by examining slides from 607 mammary tumors from 407 transgenic mice bearing the ras, myc, and/or neu oncogenes. Most tumors (91%) had patterns (phenotypes) that could not be classified by Dunn's standard nomenclature. The nonstandard tumors were described as eosinophilic small cell (SC), basophilic large cell (LC), or pale intermediate cell (IC). The SC tumor was associated with ras, the LC was associated with myc, and the IC was associated with neu, with specificities more than . 90 and sensitivities ranging from . 99 to . 48. Thus, the tumor phenotype could be used to predict which oncogene was present in the animal. The presence of myc in combination with either ras or neu resulted in the predominance of LC tumors and accelerated tumorigenesis. The combination of ras and neu resulted in a decreased tumor incidence. Thus, knowledge of the oncogenes that were present could be used to predict the natural history of the disease.
Factors Relating to Pitch-Matching Skills of Elementary Education Majors

This study is an examination of the relationship between accuracy in singing the starting pitch of a song and four variables: (a) perception of tonal center, (b) ability to maintain a consistent key while singing a song, (c) self-selected pitch level, and (d) previous music experience. The subjects, 42 elementary education majors, sang “Row, Row, Row Your Boat ”at the pitch level of their choice. They were then asked to sing the song in the keys of B, C, and D with the keys established by (a) a single tonic pitch played on a piano, (b) a I-V7-I cadence played on a piano, and (c) a I-V7-I cadence played on an Autoharp. A multiple-regression analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the variables predicted initial pitch accuracy scores. Analyses of variance were conducted to determine the effects of (a) subjects' self-selected pitch level and target pitch level on initial pitch accuracy and (b) method of establishing the target key on initial pitch accuracy.
A MIMO turbo equalizer for frequency-selective channels with unknown interference

A new space-time turbo equalization algorithm is derived for frequency-selective multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels with unknown interference. The algorithm is an extension of our proposed MIMO equalization algorithm , which performs joint channel estimation, multiple users' signal detection, and decoding, all in an iterative manner. This paper's proposed algorithm uses estimates of the correlation matrix of composite unknown interference-plus-noise components to suppress the unknown interference while effectively separating multiple users' signals to be detected (referred to as "known user" later). The correlation matrix of the composite unknown interference-plus-noise components can be estimated by time averaging the instantaneous empirical correlation matrix over the training period. Since the iterative channel estimation yields better channel estimates as more iterations are performed, thereby the estimate of the correlation matrix of the unknown interference-plus-noise components also becomes more accurate. This results in better signal detection performances, even in the presence of unknown interferers. A series of computer simulations show that this paper's proposed algorithm can properly separate known users' signals while suppressing unknown interference.
Understanding Intra-Class Knowledge Inside CNN

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been successful in image recognition tasks, and recent works shed lights on how CNN separates different classes with the learned inter-class knowledge through visualization. In this work, we instead visualize the intra-class knowledge inside CNN to better understand how an object class is represented in the fully-connected layers. To invert the intra-class knowledge into more interpretable images, we propose a non-parametric patch prior upon previous CNN visualization models. With it, we show how different "styles" of templates for an object class are organized by CNN in terms of location and content, and represented in a hierarchical and ensemble way. Moreover, such intra-class knowledge can be used in many interesting applications, e.g. style-based image retrieval and style-based object completion.
Cross-Pollination: Patterns, Usability and User Experience

The workshop focuses on how process models, methods and knowledge from the area of Human-Computer Interaction can be integrated and adopted to support and enhance traditional software engineering processes. In its 5 edition this workshop will investigate the application of usability engineering methods that are adapted to fit the evaluation of advanced interfaces and how usability and user experience evaluation methods can be incorporated to support design decisions and changes in standard software development. This workshop is organized by the IFIP working group 13.2 "Methodologies for User-Centered Systems Design".
Creativity and Discovery as Blind Variation: Campbell's (1960) BVSR Model after the Half-Century Mark

This article assesses and extends Campbell's (1960) classic theory that creativity and discovery depend on blind variation and selective retention (BVSR), with special attention given to blind variations (BVs). The treatment begins by defining creativity and discovery, variant blindness versus sightedness, variant utility and selection, and ideational variants versus creative products. These definitions lead to BV identification criteria: (a) intended BV, which entails both systematic and stochastic combinatorial procedures; and (b) implied BV, which involves both variations with properties of blindness (variation superfluity and backtracking) and processes that should yield variant blindness (associative richness, defocused attention, behavioral tinkering, and heuristic search). These conceptual definitions and identification criteria then have implications for four persistent issues, namely, domain expertise, ideational randomness, analogical equivalence, and personal volition. Once BV is suitably conceptualized, Campbell's theory continues to provide a fruitful approach to the understanding of both creativity and discovery.
Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education

It has been suggested that a positive human–nature relationship is essential for countering today’s environmental problems. Prior environmental education research has focused largely on knowledge or attitudinal outcomes, and few studies have examined the ability of environmental education programmes to promote connectedness with nature. Therefore, our goal was to (1) examine differences in connectedness with nature among a sample of children with differing ages and academic tracks, and (2) investigate whether environmental education can help promote and sustain connectedness with nature. With a pre-, post- and retention test design, we assessed a comprehensive four-day environmental education programme on water at a school field centre, using the inclusion of nature in self (INS) scale to identify the change in connectedness of 9–10-year-old pupils and 11–13-year-old pupils. We found that younger children and university-track pupils had higher INS scores than older children and general-education-track pupils, respectively. Participating in environmental education resulted in a robust short-term increase in connectedness with nature in both age groups. However, only the younger pupils’ connectedness remained sustained four weeks following the treatment. Environmental educators should keep in mind that strengthening connectedness to nature is more sustainable before the age of 11.
Design and Implementation of a 3D Undersea Camera System

In this paper, we present the design and development of an undersea camera system. The goal of our system is to provide a 3D model of the undersea habitat in a long-term continuous manner. The most important feature of our system is the use of multiple cameras and multiple projectors, which is able to provide accurate 3D models with an accuracy of a millimeter. By introducing projectors in our system, we can use many different structured light methods for different tasks. There are two main advantages comparing our system with using ROVs or AUVs. First, our system can provide continuous monitoring of the undersea habitat. Second, our system has a low hardware cost. Comparing to existing deployed camera systems, the advantage of our system is that it can provide accurate 3D models and provides opportunities for future development of innovative algorithms for undersea research.
A whole-tree chamber system for examining tree-level physiological responses of field-grown trees to environmental variation and climate change.

A whole-tree chamber (WTC) system was installed at Flakaliden in northern Sweden to examine the long-term physiological responses of field-grown 40-year-old Norway spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst. ] to climate change. The WTCs were designed as large cuvettes to allow the net tree-level CO(2) and water fluxes to be measured on a continuous basis. A total of 12 WTCs were used to impose combinations of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO(2)], and air temperature treatments. The air inside the ambient and elevated [CO(2)] WTCs was maintained at 365 and 700 micromol mol(-1), respectively. The air temperature inside the ambient temperature WTCs tracked air temperature outside the WTCs. Elevated temperatures were altered on a monthly time-step and ranged between +2.8 and +5.6 degrees C above ambient temperature. The system allowed continuous, long-term measurement of whole-tree photosynthesis, night-time respiration and transpiration. The performance of the WTCs was assessed using winter and spring data sets. The ability of the WTC system to measure tree-level physiological responses is demonstrated. All WTCs displayed a high level of control over tracking of air temperatures. The set target of 365 micromol mol(-1) in the ambient [CO(2)] chambers was too low to be maintained during winter because of tree dormancy and the high natural increase in [CO(2)] over winter at high latitudes such as the Flakaliden site. Accurate control over [CO(2)] in the ambient [CO(2)] chambers was restored during the spring and the system maintained the elevated [CO(2)] target of 700 micromol mol(-1) for both measurement periods. Air water vapour deficit (VPD) was accurately tracked in ambient temperature WTCs. However, as water vapour pressure in all 12 WTCs was maintained at the level of non-chambered (reference) air, VPD of elevated temperature WTCs was increased.
Masked priming with graphemically related forms: Repetition or partial activation?

Form-priming occurs when a prime that is graphemically similar to the target word facilitates processing of the target. In an activation model (such as Morton's logogen model), such an effect can be interpreted as a partial-activation effect. A prime that shares letters with the target must inevitably produce activation in the detectors for both the prime and the target. Alternatively, form-priming could be seen as a special case of repetition-priming, in which the prime actually accesses the entry for the target. It is shown that masked-priming effects in the lexical decision task can be obtained for graphemically related pairs such as bontrast-CONTRAST, but not for four-letter pairs such as bamp-CAMP. It is suggested that the priming effect is controlled by neighbourhood density, short words usually having many neighbours, long words having very few. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that form-priming does occur for four-letter words if the prime and target are drawn from low-density neighbourhoods. For a partial-activation theory, an inhibitory mechanism that is sensitive to the number of prime-neighbours is required to explain the results. Of the several versions of a repetition account considered, the “best match” hypothesis appears to be the most promising: this assumes that priming is limited to the stimulus that best matches the prime. It is also shown that prime-target pairs that are related in form and meaning (e.g. made-MAKE) produce the same priming effect as identical pairs, as predicted by a repetition account that assumes a common entry underlying both forms.
Correlates of Gay and Lesbian Couples' Relationship Satisfaction and Relationship Dissolution

ABSTRACT A sample of committed gay and lesbian cohabiting couples engaged in two conversations after being apart for at least 8 hours: (a) an events of the day conversation and (b) a conflict resolution conversation. Physiological data were collected during the conversations and a videotape record was made. Couples viewed the videotapes and rated their affect during the interaction. The video records were coded with a system that categorized specific affects displayed. Models derived from physiology, from the perception of interaction, and from specific affective behavior were related to relationship satisfaction, and to the prediction of relationship dissolution over a 12-year period. Results supported previous findings that satisfaction and stability in gay and lesbian relationships are related to similar emotional qualities as in heterosexual relationships.
Migration of melamine from thermally cured, amino cross-linked can coatings into an aqueous ethanol food simulant: aspects of hydrolysis, relative reactivity and migration

Aspects of melamine migration from epoxy-based coatings into a food simulant were studied. Four commercial amino-based cross linkers were incorporated into an epoxy anhydride coating system and into an epoxy phenolic coating system. The epoxy-based coatings were formulated, applied, cured and tested for migration by retorting in contact with the food simulant, 10% ethanol, at 131°C. The commercial melamino-based cross linkers used and the model coatings that were prepared using these cross linkers contained very low or non-detectable levels of free melamine. However, during retorting, the migration of melamine from the coatings increased as the retorting time was increased. This migration process is not the more classical diffusional process but rather the result of chemical attack (hydrolysis) of the coating. For these model can coatings, a substantial fraction of the melamino cross linker was hydrolysed although, curiously, the essential functional properties of the coating are retained. In all cases, for these model systems the migration of melamine was rather low because the cross linkers are used commercially in only small amounts – typically 1–2% of the dry film weight of the coatings. For the standard retorting conditions of 1 h, migration of melamine was up to 0.4 mg kg–1, depending on the cross linker used. The cross linker that contained the methylol functionality (-CH2OH group) gave rise to less melamine than did the alkylated cross linkers (methylated and butylated, -OCH3 and -O(CH2)3CH3, respectively). This observation could prove useful in formulating coatings with even lower melamine release characteristics. Graphical Abstract
Comparison of fully automated and semi-automated biopsy needles for lung biopsy under CT fluoroscopic guidance.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare two different automated biopsy needles, a fully automated biopsy needle (Monopty; Bard, Covington, GA) and a semi-automated biopsy needle (Temno; Bauer Medical, Clearwater, FL), for lung biopsy. METHODS 50 consecutive percutaneous lung biopsies using the Monopty needle between June 2006 and January 2007 and 66 consecutive lung biopsies for 1 nodule in each session using the Temno needle between February 2007 and August 2008 were performed under CT fluoroscopic guidance followed by histopathological evaluation. RESULTS In 42/50 lung biopsies performed with the Monopty needle and 54/66 lung biopsies performed with the Temno needle, the final diagnosis was confirmed by independent surgical pathological findings or clinical follow-up. Sufficient samples for histopathological evaluation were obtained in all 50 (100%) biopsies using the Monopty needle and in 55 (83.3%) of the 66 biopsies using the Temno needle (p<0.01). Accurate diagnosis was achieved in 41 (97.6%) of 42 biopsies using the Monopty needle and in 45 (83.3%) of 54 biopsies using the Temno needle (p=0.04). Biopsy-induced complications were pneumothorax, haemoptysis and haemothorax in 44.0%, 10.0% and 6.0% of biopsies, respectively, using the Monopty needle and in 48.3%, 8.3% and 3.3%, respectively, using the Temno needle. CONCLUSION There is a possibility that a fully automated biopsy needle such as the Monopty is more useful for CT scan-guided lung biopsy than semi-automated biopsy needles.
Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.
Roles of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone in ionic and metabolic homeostasis in the Christmas Island blue crab, Discoplax celeste

SUMMARY There is a growing body of evidence implicating the involvement of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) in ionic homeostasis in decapod crustaceans. However, little is known regarding hormonally influenced osmoregulatory processes in terrestrial decapods. As many terrestrial decapods experience opposing seasonal demands upon ionoregulatory physiologies, we reasoned that these would make interesting models in which to study the effect of CHH upon these phenomena. In particular, those (tropical) species that also undergo seasonal migrations might be especially informative, as we know relatively little regarding the nature of CHHs in terrestrial decapods, and hormonally mediated responses to seasonal changes in metabolic demands might also be superimposed or otherwise integrated with those associated with ionic homeostasis. Using Discoplax celeste as a model crab that experiences seasonal extremes in water availability, and exhibits diurnal and migratory activity patterns, we identified two CHHs in the sinus gland. We biochemically characterised (cDNA cloning) one CHH and functionally characterised (in terms of dose-dependent hyperglycaemic responses and glucose-dependent negative feedback loops) both CHHs. Whole-animal in situ branchial chamber 22NaCl perfusion experiments showed that injection of both CHHs increased gill Na+ uptake in a seasonally dependent manner, and 51Cr-EDTA clearance experiments demonstrated that CHH increased urine production by the antennal gland. Seasonal and salinity-dependent differences in haemolymph CHH titre further implicated CHH in osmoregulatory processes. Intriguingly, CHH appeared to have no effect on gill Na+/K+-ATPase or V-ATPase activity, suggesting unknown mechanisms of this hormone's action on Na+ transport across gill epithelia.