Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Programming a Sensor Network as an Amorphous Medium

In many sensor network applications, the network is deployed to approximate a physical space. The network itself is not of interest: rather, we are interested in measuring the properties of the space it fills, and of establishing control over the behavior of that space. Consider, for example, deploying a network of devices to manage a large farm. The tasks to be carried out by the devices—irrigation, pest management, and fertilization, for example—are naturally specified in terms of regions of the farm (e.g. “a potato field is watered every so-many hours during hot weather”). An applications programmer for farms should be able to write code at this level, rather than having to specify in depth how the sensor network will be deployed in the fields or how the devices will coordinate to carry out the programs. The spatial nature of sensor network applications means that many can be expressed naturally and succinctly in terms of the global behavior of an amorphous medium—a continuous computational material filling the space of interest. Although we cannot construct such a material, we can approximate it using a sensor network. Using this amorphous medium abstraction separates sensor network problems into two largely independent domains. Above the abstraction barrier we are concerned with longrange coordination and concise description of applications, while below the barrier we are concerned with fast, efficient, and robust communication between neighboring devices. We apply the amorphous medium abstraction with Proto, a high-level language for programming sensor/actuator networks. Existing applications, such as target tracking and threat avoidance, can be expressed in only a few lines of Proto code. The applications are then compiled for execution on a kernel that approximates an amorphous medium. Programs written using our Proto implementation have been verified in simulation on over ten thousand nodes, as well as on a network of Berkeley Motes.
Colorectal Cancer Migration and Invasion Initiated by microRNA-106a

MicroRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular signaling pathways of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Although emerging evidence proves that microRNA (miR)-106a is expressed highly in primary tumor and stool samples of CRC patients; whether or not miR-106a mediates cancer metastasis is unknown. We show here that miR-106a is highly expressed in metastatic CRC cells, and regulates cancer cell migration and invasion positively in vitro and in vivo. These phenotypes do not involve confounding influences on cancer cell proliferation. MiR-106a inhibits the expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2), leading to increased CRC cell migration and invasion. Importantly, miR-106a expression levels in primary CRCs are correlated with clinical cancer progression. These observations indicate that miR-106a inhibits the anti-metastatic target directly and results in CRC cell migration and invasion.
Maternal management of the home as a developmental play space for infants and toddlers.

OBJECTIVE One purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the work done by mothers as they manage the spaces and objects of the home to support the development of infants and toddlers at play. METHOD Eighteen mother-infant dyads participated in the study. Data were collected via monthly in-home videotaping of infants and monthly interviews with mothers, from 1 to 18 months of infant age. Data were analyzed with a grounded theory approach and computer-assisted video and text analysis. RESULTS The results describe the everyday tasks of mothers of infants and toddlers, such as selecting commercial toys and household objects for play, positioning infants for play, maintaining and making play objects available, furnishing the home with child care equipment, controlling infant access to the spaces of the home, and monitoring for safety. CONCLUSION This description contributes to our understanding of maternal work, infant and toddler development in context, co-occupations, and the neglected spatial dimension of occupation.
Uncovering “The Deal” in classroom management

A teacher educator and a former student, now a classroom teacher, have a 14-year conversation about the deep dynamics of classroom management, which is more complicated than it first appears. The teacher educator introduces the classroom teacher to The Deal, an idea that can guide early-career teachers as well as veteran teachers. The Deal is, in part, about projecting confidence when confidence is thin but also about believing resolutely in the possibility of development for both students and teachers even when that possibility seems most dubious.
Comparison of the bile salts and sodium dodecyl sulfate stress responses in Enterococcus faecalis

The resistance to detergents and detergent-induced tolerance of a gastrointestinal organism, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, were examined. The most remarkable observation was the rapid response of cells in contact with bile salts and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The killing by high concentrations of detergents was nearly instantaneous. A 5-s adaptation with moderate sublethal concentrations of bile salts or SDS (0.08 or 0.01%, respectively) was sufficient to induce significant adaptation against homologous lethal conditions (0.3% bile salts or 0.017% SDS). However, resistance to a subsequent lethal challenge progressively increased further to a maximum reached after 30 min of adaptation. Furthermore, extremely strong cross-resistances were observed with bile salts- and SDS-adapted cells. However, no relationship seems to exist between levels of tolerance and de novo-synthesized proteins, since blockage of protein synthesis during adaptation had no effect on induction of resistance to bile salts and SDS. We conclude that this induced tolerance to detergent stress is independent of protein synthesis. Nevertheless, the stress-induced protein patterns of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 showed significant modifications. The rates of synthesis of 45 and 34 proteins were enhanced after treatments with bile salts and SDS, respectively. In spite of the overlap of 12 polypeptides, the protein profiles induced by the two detergents were different, suggesting that these detergents trigger different responses in E. faecalis. Therefore, bile salts cannot be substituted for SDS in biochemical detergent shock experiments with bacteria.
Images of Animated Others: The Orientalization of Disney's Cartoon Heroines From The Little Mermaid to The Hunchback of Notre Dame

Because of the success of the first six animated feature films produced in the "new era" of Disney animation (The Little Mermaid, 1989; Beauty and the Beast, 1991; Aladdin, 1993; The Lion King, 1994; Pocahontas, 1995; The Hunchback of Notre Dame, 1996) and their mass merchandising, Disney animated characters became ubiquitous for children of the 1990s. Although Bell, Haas, and Sells (1995) suggested that Disney films present a "sanitization of violence, sexuality, and political struggle concomitant with an erasure or repression of difference" (p. 7), an increasing emphasis on sexuality and the exotic is evident in the construction of the female heroines in these films, particularly in the female characters of color. This article analyzes what may be referred to in Said's (1978) terminology as the orientalization of women of color in five of these six Disney animated films and posits how these representations of gender and cultural difference operate within Disney's consumerist framework, which provides "dreams and products through forms of popular culture in which kids are willing to materially and emotionally invest" (Giroux, 1999, p. 89). Using a critical lens, I interrogate the unity of images regarding gender and race that these Disney texts offer and the ways in which these meanings operate within the larger socio-historical framework regarding women of color and the notion of Whiteness.
Induction of Heat Shock Response Protects the Heart Against Atrial Fibrillation

There is evidence suggesting that heat shock proteins (HSPs) may protect against clinical atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the effect of HSP induction in an in vitro atrial cell line (HL-1) model of tachycardia remodeling and in tachypaced isolated canine atrial cardiomyocytes. We also evaluated the effect of HSP induction on in vivo AF promotion by atrial tachycardia–induced remodeling in dogs. Tachypacing (3 Hz) significantly and progressively reduced Ca2+ transients and cell shortening of HL-1 myocytes over 4 hours. These reductions were prevented by HSP-inducing pretreatments: mild heat shock, geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), and transfection with human HSP27 or the phosphorylation-mimicking HSP27-DDD. However, treatment with HSP70 or the phosphorylation-deficient mutant HSP27-AAA failed to alter tachycardia-induced Ca2+ transient and cell-shortening reductions, and downregulation (short interfering RNA) of HSP27 prevented GGA-mediated protection. Tachypacing (3 Hz) for 24 hours in vitro significantly reduced L-type Ca2+ current and action potential duration in canine atrial cardiomyocytes; these effects were prevented when tachypacing was performed in cells exposed to GGA. In vivo treatment with GGA increased HSP expression and suppressed refractoriness abbreviation and AF promotion in dogs subjected to 1-week atrial tachycardia–induced remodeling. In conclusion, our findings indicate that (1) HSP induction protects against atrial tachycardia–induced remodeling, (2) the protective effect in HL-1 myocytes requires HSP27 induction and phosphorylation, and (3) the orally administered HSP inducer GGA protects against AF in a clinically relevant animal model. These findings advance our understanding of the biochemical determinants of AF and suggest the possibility that HSP induction may be an interesting novel approach to preventing clinical AF.
Numerical analysis of Elias's and Peres's deterministic extractors

Generating truly random numbers is important in cryptography. Von Neumann proposed the simple procedure for extracting truly random bits from a sequence of independent, identically distributed random biased bits about half century ago. The improved algorithms of the von Neumann's extractor were later proposed by Elias and Peres. Peres showed that his extractor achieved the optimal rate if the length of input and the number of iterations tend to infinity. In contrast, Elias showed that his extractor achieved the optimal rate if the block size tends to infinity. Although these two algorithms are fundamental and important, their performance including the rates for reasonably finite input sequences is not analyzed in details. In this paper, we show numerical performance of Peres's extractor and Elias's one in terms of practical aspects. Our experimental results show that Peres's extractor is much better than Elias's one under the same input size and the almost same running time.
CD200 Inhibits Inflammatory Response by Promoting KATP Channel Opening in Microglia Cells in Parkinson’s Disease

Background As the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) principally impacts the motor system in approximately 7 million patients worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the effects of cluster of differentiation (CD200) on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and inflammatory response in PD mice. Material/Methods We created an in vivo PD model by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg/day 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP. HCL) for 5 consecutive days, and we created an in vitro PD model by injection of 100 μM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in primary microglia cells. Expression level of CD200/CD200R, inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir6.1/6.2), and sulfonylurea receptor (Sur1/2) were detected by Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to assess CD11b (microglia marker) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker reveals dopamine level in neurons) expression levels. An in vitro PD model was applied to detect the influence of CD200 on ATP and inflammatory factors released from microglia. Interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA levels were explored by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), and their protein levels were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results WB exhibited time-dependent down-regulation of CD200/CD200R in cerebra of PD mice compared to control mice, with Kir 6.1 and SUR 2 expressed mainly in microglia. IHC showed that CD11b reached a peak at the 1st day after MPTP treatment, followed by time-dependent reduction, and TH decreased noticeably after MPTP induction. RT-QPCR demonstrated that compared with controls, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA levels were significantly elevated at MPTP-1d, was reduced at MPTP-3d, and then returned to baseline at MPTP-7d. IHC showed that MPP+ significantly elevated microglia release of ATP. Similar to the effect of pinacidil (K+ channel opener), CD200 remarkably depressed MPP+-induced ATP release. ELISA showed that MPP+ significantly increased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β release, and CD200 and pinacidil remarkably suppressed this elevation. Conclusions Our results show a novel role of CD200 in promoting opening of the KATP channel, inhibiting microglia activation and release of ATP, as well as inflammatory factors, thus protecting dopaminergic (DA) neurons against damage and alleviating PD.
Inhibition of XMRV and HIV‐1 proteases by pepstatin A and acetyl‐pepstatin

The kinetic properties of two classical inhibitors of aspartic proteases (PRs), pepstatin A and acetyl‐pepstatin, were compared in their interactions with HIV‐1 and xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus (XMRV) PRs. Both compounds are substantially weaker inhibitors of XMRV PR than of HIV‐1 PR. Previous kinetic and structural studies characterized HIV‐1 PR–acetyl‐pepstatin and XMRV PR–pepstatin A complexes and suggested dramatically different binding modes. Interaction energies were calculated for the possible binding modes and suggested a strong preference for the one‐inhibitor binding mode for HIV‐1 PR–acetyl‐pepstatin and the two‐inhibitor binding mode for XMRV PR–pepstatin A interactions. Comparison of the molecular models suggested that in the case of XMRV PR the relatively unfavorable interactions at S3′ and the favorable interactions at S4 and S4′ sites with the statine residues may shift the ground state binding towards the two‐inhibitor binding mode, whereas the single molecule ground state binding of statines to the HIV‐1 PR appear to be more favorable. The preferred single molecular binding to HIV‐1 PR allows the formation of the transition state complex, represented by substantially better binding constants. Intriguingly, the crystal structure of the complex of acetyl‐pepstatin with XMRV PR has shown a mixed type of binding: the unusual binding mode of two molecules of the inhibitor to the enzyme, in a mode very similar to the previously determined complex with pepstatin A, together with the classical binding mode found for HIV‐1 PR. The structure is thus in good agreement with the very similar interaction energies calculated for the two types of binding.
The Arabidopsis E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SP1 Targets to Chloroplasts, Peroxisomes, and Mitochondria1

Dear Editor, Our recent work discovered a role of the Arabidopsis E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 in peroxisome matrix protein import ([Pan et al., 2016][1]). Recently, a Letter to the Editor published in Plant Physiology raised criticism against the localization and function of SP1 in peroxisomes ([Ling
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AS A DETERMINANT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND INTENTION TO LEAVE

This paper presents the findings of a study, which investigated how perception of equity and justice played an important role in employees' commitment to the organization and intent to leave. The sample consisted of 181 middle and lower level managers from the banking and finance, production and manufacturing, and service sectors. The results hypothesized that both internal and external equity perceptions are positively related to commitment and negatively related to intent to leave. Among all the facets, equity promotion appeared to be the most significant predictor. Both distributive and procedural justice factors made significant contributions to employees' organizational commitment and intent to leave.
Decompositional Representation of Morphological Complexity: Multivariate fMRI Evidence from Italian

Derivational morphology is a cross-linguistically dominant mechanism for word formation, combining existing words with derivational affixes to create new word forms. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the representation and processing of such forms remain unclear. Recent cross-linguistic neuroimaging research suggests that derived words are stored and accessed as whole forms, without engaging the left-hemisphere perisylvian network associated with combinatorial processing of syntactically and inflectionally complex forms. Using fMRI with a “simple listening” no-task procedure, we reexamine these suggestions in the context of the root-based combinatorially rich Italian lexicon to clarify the role of semantic transparency (between the derived form and its stem) and affix productivity in determining whether derived forms are decompositionally represented and which neural systems are involved. Combined univariate and multivariate analyses reveal a key role for semantic transparency, modulated by affix productivity. Opaque forms show strong cohort competition effects, especially for words with nonproductive suffixes (ventura, “destiny”). The bilateral frontotemporal activity associated with these effects indicates that opaque derived words are processed as whole forms in the bihemispheric language system. Semantically transparent words with productive affixes (libreria, “bookshop”) showed no effects of lexical competition, suggesting morphologically structured co-representation of these derived forms and their stems, whereas transparent forms with nonproductive affixes (pineta, pine forest) show intermediate effects. Further multivariate analyses of the transparent derived forms revealed affix productivity effects selectively involving left inferior frontal regions, suggesting that the combinatorial and decompositional processes triggered by such forms can vary significantly across languages.
The Instructional Feedback Orientation Scale: Conceptualizing and Validating a New Measure for Assessing Perceptions of Instructional Feedback

Theoretical perspectives on the efficacy of instructional feedback suggest that there should be significant variation in students’ perceptions of and responses to feedback messages. Yet, little effort has been made to either uncover the perceptual dimensions by which students evaluate feedback, or to measure students’ perceptions of feedback. The present project sought to accomplish these tasks by using factor analytic procedures to classify student perceptions of feedback. The results of Study One produced a pilot inventory that included four dimensions: feedback utility, sensitivity, confidentiality, and retention. In Study Two, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor solution, and the results of correlation analyses provided initial evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity for the new scale. Theoretically, the results extend feedback intervention theory. Pragmatically, the results offer a new measure useful for understanding students’ predispositions toward instructional feedback.
An Efficient Reordering Prediction-Based Lossless Compression Algorithm for Hyperspectral Images

In this letter, we propose an efficient lossless compression algorithm for hyperspectral images; it is based on an adaptive spectral band reordering algorithm and an adaptive backward previous closest neighbor (PCN) prediction with error feedback. The adaptive spectral band reordering algorithm has some strong points. It can adaptively determine the range of spectral bands needed to be reordered, and it can efficiently find the optimum branches. Hyperspectral images have a large number of spectral bands, which express the same land cover structure and have high correlation. The adaptive backward PCN prediction with error feedback can sufficiently make use of this correlation. Experiments show that implementing both the reordering of the spectral bands before prediction and the prediction with error feedback improve compression performance
Persistent abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in noninsulin-dependent diabetes after intensive insulin therapy.

To determine whether rigorous insulin therapy, which normalized the routinely measured plasma lipids, also reversed qualitative abnormalities in the composition of lipoproteins in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we studied 18 NIDDM patients (eight men and 10 women) before and 2 months after intensive insulin therapy. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (11.7% vs. 8.7%), plasma triglyceride (TG) (250 +/- 91 vs. 164 +/- 56 mg/dl, p less than 0.001), and cholesterol (214 +/- 43 vs. 198 +/- 31 mg/dl, p less than 0.025) all fell, and both HDL2 cholesterol and HDL3 cholesterol increased (59.1% and 10.9%, respectively, p less than 0.001). However, abnormalities in two indices of lipoprotein surface constituents, which were present before insulin therapy, remained so thereafter. The first of these, the new cardiovascular risk factor, the plasma free cholesterol/lecithin ratio, which was increased before treatment, fell only slightly after therapy (pre-therapy 1.02 +/- 0.29 vs. post-therapy 0.90 +/- 0.17, p less than 0.4; reference group, 0.83 +/- 0.14), and remained elevated in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Secondly, the sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio, an index of the surface rigidity of lipoproteins, was abnormal before treatment in VLDL, HDL2, and HDL3, and this alteration persisted after insulin therapy in HDL3 (p less than 0.001). Lipoprotein core lipid abnormalities were also present before treatment: the TG/cholesteryl ester ratio was reduced in VLDL and increased in LDL, HDL2, and HDL3. Rigorous insulin therapy improved, but failed to fully correct, this disturbance. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Identity in the Link between Relationship Thinking and Relationship Satisfaction

The link between a partner's thinking about the relationship and relationship satisfaction has been shown to be stronger for women than men. The main goal of this study was to examine the extent to which one's identity (rather than biological sex) moderates that link. In a survey of 238 couples (90 unmarried and 148 married), results indicated that, for unmarried couples, a general relational identity, or the tendency to see oneself in relation to others in general, moderated the association between positive relationship thinking and satisfaction. For married couples, a couple identity, or the tendency to see oneself as part of the specific relationship, moderated this association. These results were generally the same for both men and women, indicating that one's identity may be more important than biological sex in determining concurrent associations between relationship thinking and relationship satisfaction. However, longitudinal findings suggest that long-term outcomes of positive relationship thinking may be stronger for women than men. Results are discussed in terms of the development and importance of a specific couple identity in committed relationships.