Rating Scales for Psychopathology, Health Status and Quality of Life: A Compendium on Documentation in Accordance with the DSM-III-R and WHO Systems

1 Introduction: Rating Scales versus DSM-IIII-R and ICD-10. - 1.1 Concordance Between Rating Scales and DSM-III-R or ICD-10. - 1.1.1 Phenomenology. - 1.1.2 Psychopathology. - 1.1.3 Health-Status Profiles. - 1.1.4 Health-Related Quality of Life: A Measurement Problem. - 1.2 Divergence Between Rating Scales and DSM-III-R. - 1.2.1 Target Syndromes: The Phenomenological Spectrum of Core Symptoms Versus the Discriminating Points of Diagnosis. - 1.2.2 Procedural Algorithms Versus Rating Scale Spectrum. - 1.2.3 Administration: Types of Information. - 1.3 Comparison Between ICD-9, DSM-III and Rating Scales: Degrees of Quantification. - 1.4 The Taxonomic Arrangement of Rating Scales: The Multi-Axial Approach. - 1.5 The Psychometric Characteristics and Criteria for the Selected Rating Scales. - 1.5. 1 Content Validity. - 1.5. 2 Criterion and Construct Validity. - 1.5. 3 Inter-observer Reliability. - 1.6 General Considerations on Quantifying Psychopathological States. - 1.6.1 Likert-type Rating Scales or Categorical Scales. - 1.6.2 Analogue or Graphic Scales. - 1.6.2.1 Continuous or Visual Analogue Scales. - 1.6.2.2 Discretized Analogue Scales. - 1.6.2.3 Global Severity Versus Global Improvement Scales. - 1.7 The User's Perspective for This Compendium. - References. - 2 Rating Scales for Psychopathological States. - 2.1 Hamilton Anxiety Scale. - 2.2 Hamilton Depression Scale with Melancholia Scale. - 2.3 Mania Scale. - 2.4 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. - 2.5 Other Versions of Rating Scales. - 2.5. 1 Hamilton Depression Scale. - 2.5. 2 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. - 2.5. 3 Melancholia Scale for General Practice. - 2.5. 4 Clinical Syndrome Circle: Self-Rating Scales. - 2.5. 4.1 The Panic Attack Scale (PAS). - 2.5. 4.2 Generalized Anxiety Scale (GEAS). - 2.5. 4.3 Melancholia Scale (MES). - 2.5. 4.4 The Mania Scale (MAS). - 2.5. 4.5 The Psychotic Disintegration Scale (PDS). - 2.5. 4.6 The Borderline Anhedonia Scale (BAS). - 2.5. 5 Structured Interview of the Hamilton/Melancholia Scale (HDS/MES). - References. - 3 Rating Scales for Mental Disorders. - Reference. - 3.1 Dementia (Chronic Organic Mental Syndrome). - References. - 3.2 Delirium (Acute Organic Mental Syndrome). - References. - 3.3 Schizophrenia. - References. - 3.4 Mood (Affective) Disorders. - 3.4.1 Manic State. - References. - 3.4.2 Depression (Melancholic States). - References. - 3.4.2.1 The Depressive Syndrome. - References. - 3.4.2.2 The Diagnosis of Depression. - References. - 3.5 Anxiety Disorders. - 3.5. 1 Panic Attacks. - 3.5. 2 Generalized Anxiety. - References. - 3.5. 3 Phobias. - References. - 3.5. 4 Obsessive-Compulsive States. - References. - 3.5. 5 Neurasthenia (Chronic Fatigue/Pain Syndromes). - References. - 3.5. 6 Insomnia. - References. - 3.6 Aggression. - 3.6.1 Aggressive States in Mental Handicap and Conduct Disorder. - References. - 3.6.2 Aggressive States: Generalized. - 3.6.3 Aggression States: Attacks or Peak Episodes. - 3.6. 4 The Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale (SDAS). - References. - 3.7 Conclusion. - 3.8 Other Scales. - 3.8.1 Gottfries-Brane-Steen Scale. - 3.8.2 The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. - 3.8. 3 Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. - 3.8. 4 Sheehan Clinician Rated Anxiety Scale. - 3.8. 5 Depressive Retardation Rating Scale. - 3.8. 6 The Cognitive Subscale of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). - 3.8. 7 Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). - References. - 4 Psychopathological Self-Rating Scales. - 4.1 Methodological Considerations. - 4.1.1 Severity of Symptom Occurrence. - 4.1.2 Response Set. - 4.1.3 Self-Report Versus Others' Reports and Clinical Interview. - 4.2 Depression Scales. - 4.3 Anxiety Scales. - 4.4 Aggression Scales. - 4.5 Comprehensive Scales and Their Subscales. - 4.5. 1 Cornell Medical Index. - 4.5. 2 Hopkins Symptom Checklist. - 4.5. 3 Symptom Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. - 4.5. 4 Kellner Symptom Questionnaire. - 4.5. 5 Checklist for the Evaluation of Somatic Symptoms (CHESS). - References. - 5 Psychopathological Personality Rating Scales. - References. - 6 Rating Scales for Somatic Disorders. - 6.1 Psychosomatic Language. - 6.2 Disorder-Specific Scales. - 6.3 Ailment-Oriented Scales. - References. - 7 Rating Scales for Psychosocial Stressors. - References. - 8 Social Functioning and Coping Scales. - 8.1 Health Performance Scales. - 8.2 Coping with Illness Scales. - References. - 9 Health-Related Quality of Life Rating Scales. - 9.1 Self-Report Scales Measuring Demoralization, Disadvantage or Discomfort (Handicap). - 9.2 Health Status and Quality-of-Life Questionnaire. - References. - 10 Rating Scales for Adverse Drug Reactions. - 10.1 Pharmacological Side Effects. - 10.2 Psychometric Considerations. - 10.3 Content Validity of Side Effect Scales for Psychopharmacological Drugs. - 10.4 WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology. - 10.5 Comprehensive Versus Specific Scales for Measuring Adverse Drug Reactions. - 10.6 Specific Observer Side Effect Scales. - 10.6.1 Scales for Neuroleptics. - 10.6.2 Scales for Antidepressants. - 10.6.3 Scales for Lithium. - 10.7 Specific Self-Rating Scales for Side Effects. - 10.8 General Remarks on the Statistical Analysis of Side Effect Scales. - 10.9 Compliance Scales. - References. - 11 Epilogue. - References. - List of Authors. - List of Scales. - List of Items Occurring in Rating Scales. - List of Abbreviations.