Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reported incidence of injuries caused by street glass among urban children in Philadelphia

Objectives—First, to assess the incidence and cause of lacerations sustained by urban children from walking outdoors as well as to identify possible means of prevention. Second, to identify the type of health care sought after injury and to measure the extent of glass litter on the streets. Setting—Children (18 years of age or younger) in the Ludlow community of Philadelphia. Methods—A retrospective analysis of lacerations sustained while walking outdoors. A personal survey was conducted with 241 children on a door to door basis. Glass litter was measured by visual inspection of individual streets. Results—Of 241 children, 83 (34%) had been cut at least once while walking outdoors. Of the 83, 62 were not wearing footwear at the time of injury. The majority of lacerations (86%) were caused by broken glass. Thirty nine of the 83 children received professional medical care for the laceration. Broken glass was estimated to be present on 30% of the outdoor walking area. Conclusions—Broken glass is a significant health problem on littered urban streets. Preventive measures such as street cleaning, footwear education, and glass recycling incentives are needed to address this public health hazard.
Search for TeV Emission from Geminga by VERITAS

The Geminga gamma ray source was first detected by SAS-2 and COS-B, and has been identified as a radio-quiet pulsar associated with a 300,000 year old supernova remnant. Geminga is one of the brightest GeV sources and was also detected by Milagro at energies greater than 20 TeV. During 2007 VERITAS performed observations to search for TeV gamma ray emission from the Geminga pulsar and the region near Geminga. In this paper, we describe these measurements and new analysis of these observations. I. I NTRODUCTION
Changes in the Employment Activities of New Parents

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 this paper examines the impact of the transition to parenthood on the amount of time men and women spend on paid employment. An individual-effects methodology is used. Its basic premise is that the effect of parenthood on the activities of a particualr individual can be estimated by comparing changes over time in the individuals activity measures with estimates of the expected changes for that individual in the absence of parenthood. In this study the expected changes are estimated using regression equations fitted to observations on the married NLS participants who remained childless through October 1979. Results of the analyses give considerable information on how a 1st birth affects mens and womens employment. The majority of women have jobs prior to pregnancy; most leave these jobs as pregnancy progresses so that only 1 woman in 5 remains employed in the month the child is born. Some women return to work but by 2 years after the birth employment rates reach only 60% of their previous levels. In the absence of parenthood the proportion employed would have steadily increased so that the real employment deficit due to parenthood exceeds that implied by a comparison of employment before and after the birth. The most important contributor to womens decreased work activity forllowing parenthood is withdrawal from employment. On virtually all the measures fathers show higher levels of work activity than would be expected in the absence of the 1st birth but this parenthood effect predates the pregnancy by a substantial amount. The analysis clarifies a number of points raised by previous studies. 1st the effects of parenthood on womens work effort are not universal but are restricted to a subgroup of women who leave work befor the 1st birth. Those who remain at work an important minortty show few parenthood effects on thir commitment to work. 2nd men show only small parenthood effects on average although the results suggest that employment might affect the timing of mens entry in to fatherhood.
Who Do I Look Like? Determining Parent-Offspring Resemblance via Gated Autoencoders

Recent years have seen a major push for face recognition technology due to the large expansion of image sharing on social networks. In this paper, we consider the difficult task of determining parent-offspring resemblance using deep learning to answer the question "Who do I look like? " Although humans can perform this job at a rate higher than chance, it is not clear how they do it [2]. However, recent studies in anthropology [24] have determined which features tend to be the most discriminative. In this study, we aim to not only create an accurate system for resemblance detection, but bridge the gap between studies in anthropology with computer vision techniques. Further, we aim to answer two key questions: 1) Do offspring resemble their parents? and 2) Do offspring resemble one parent more than the other? We propose an algorithm that fuses the features and metrics discovered via gated autoencoders with a discriminative neural network layer that learns the optimal, or what we call genetic, features to delineate parent-offspring relationships. We further analyze the correlation between our automatically detected features and those found in anthropological studies. Meanwhile, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in kinship verification by 3-10% depending on the relationship using specific (father-son, mother-daughter, etc.) and generic models.
Mobility, aspiration, voice: a new structure of feeling for student equity in higher education

There is a changed ‘structure of feeling’ emerging in higher education systems, particularly in OECD nations, in response to changed social, cultural and economic arrangements. Taking a student equity perspective, the paper names this change in terms of ‘mobility’, ‘aspiration’ and ‘voice’. It argues that (1) new kinds and degrees of mobility are now a significant factor in sustaining unequal access to and experience of higher education for different student groups, (2) despite government and institutional aspirations to expand higher education, students' desires for university are not a given among new target populations and (3) while universities are seeking to enroll different students in greater numbers, the challenge now is how to give greater voice to this difference. Drawing on these themes of mobility, aspiration and voice and taking recent changes to higher education policy in Australia as the case, the paper presents a new conceptual framework for thinking about student equity in HE. The framework extends from established approaches that focus on barriers to accessing higher education in order to focus on people's capacities in relation to higher education participation.
The therapeutic alliance with involuntary clients: how does it work?

This study aimed to compare involuntary and voluntary clients in the establishment of the therapeutic alliance in the context of family therapy. The system for observing family therapy alliances was used to rate the alliance in sessions 1 and 4 from videotapes of 40 families seen in brief family therapy. This instrument has four alliance dimensions. In the first session, results showed that the clients who sought therapy voluntarily demonstrated more alliance-related behaviour than did involuntary clients in all alliance dimensions. In the fourth session, however, only the Engagement dimension showed group differences. Notably, there also were group differences in the evolution of the alliance from the first to the fourth session in the Safety dimension, with the voluntary clients developing this dimension more negatively. The results are discussed in terms of the specific characteristics of involuntary clients, as well as the implications for practice. Practitioner points Be aware of differing motives, motivations, and degrees of readiness for therapy within the family Inquire about the amount of pressure experienced by clients, and the source of that pressure, early in the family therapy Promote and monitor the therapeutic alliance with involuntary clients Promote a safe context, providing structure and guidelines for safety and confidentiality and helping clients to talk truthfully
Adaptation of powered wheelchairs for quadriplegic patients with reduced strength

This paper discusses the introduction of mechanisms to adapt commercial powered wheelchairs in order to facilitate its driving by quadriplegic people with reduced strength. Several models of operation are proposed and the most promising, at the moment, called legacy adapted mode, is detailed. A part of the formal operation model is presented. The model is then used in the STAGE simulator, not only for its evaluation, but also to tune operational parameters that will be specific of each patient. A brief description of the hardware architecture proposed to adapt the commercial wheelchair will also be included.
An Examination of Preservice Teaching Intensity in Relation to In-Service Teacher Retention and Attrition

The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice teacher intensity, time on and off task, and effectiveness in relation to in-service teacher retention/attrition. Senior music education majors (N = 150) made a videotape of their “best” teaching during the final weeks of student teaching. Excerpts were observed, evaluated, and teacher time on/off task was recorded using the Simple Recording Interface for Behavioral Observation (Duke & Farra, 1996). Each subject's teaching status as K—college music educator in 1995 and 2001 was then determined. No differences were found for intensity, effectiveness, or time on / off task in relation to teaching status assessed, suggesting that preservice teaching performance does not indicate continuing participation in music education as an in-service music teacher. Further analysis revealed that mean interval duration of teacher off task affects ratings of intensity and effectiveness more than do frequency and duration of on task. Application to teacher training and suggestions for further areas of research are discussed.
A linear streaming algorithm for community detection in very large networks

In this paper, we introduce a novel community detection algorithm in graphs, called SCoDA (Streaming Community Detection Algorithm), based on an edge streaming setting. This algorithm has an extremely low memory footprint and a lightning-fast execution time as it only stores two integers per node and processes each edge strictly once. The approach is based on the following simple observation: if we pick an edge uniformly at random in the network, this edge is more likely to connect two nodes of the same community than two nodes of distinct communities. We exploit this idea to build communities by local changes at each edge arrival. Using theoretical arguments, we relate the ability of SCoDA to detect communities to usual quality metrics of these communities like the conductance. Experimental results performed on massive real-life networks ranging from one million to more than one billion edges shows that SCoDA runs more than ten times faster than existing algorithms and leads to similar or better detection scores on the largest graphs.
Urine and milk iodine concentrations in healthy and congenitally hypothyroid neonates and their mothers.

INTRODUCTION In view of the high prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran, in this study we evaluated the role of iodine in the aetiology of CH by comparing urine and milk iodine concentrations in healthy and congenitally hypothyroid neonates and their mothers. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in newborns with CH, as well as UIC and the milk iodine concentrations (MIC) of their mothers, were measured and compared with a control group. The lower, mid, and upper range of UIC for neonates and lactating mothers was considered to be < 150 μg/L, 150-230 μg/L, and > 230 μg/L, and lower, mid, and upper range of MIC was considered to be < 150 μg/L, 150-180 μg/L, and > 180 μg/L, respectively. RESULTS The median UICs in subjects with CH (n = 68) and healthy subjects (n = 179) were 300.5 and 290.5 μg/L, respectively (P > 0.05). The median UICs in the case and control groups were 150 and 130 μg/L, respectively (P > 0.05). The median MIC in the case group was higher than in the control group (210 μg/L v. 170 μg/L, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between newborn UIC and MIC. There was no significant correlation between newborn UIC and serum TSH, maternal UIC and maternal MIC, or newborn UIC and serum TSH. CONCLUSIONS There is no inadequacy in iodine intake in the studied population. Iodine excess could be a possible risk factor for CH, but there were findings, such as lack of correlation between maternal MIC and UIC, and the median neonatal UIC, which was similar in the two groups, so, drawing conclusions should be done with some caution and requires further studies.
Is Sternberg’s Memory Scanning Task Really a Short-Term Memory Task?

Sternberg’s paradigm is currently viewed as a typical short-term memory task and is widely used to tap mnemonic capacities in neuroscience studies. However, Sternberg’s original procedure includes an experimental constraint – recalling the sequence of digits in order – which was not reused in the following studies. In previous research (Corbin & Marquer, 2008, 2009), we showed that the recall constraint has an impact on the quantitative results as well as on the strategies implemented. These findings led us to wonder whether the presence or absence of this simple experimental constraint could also affect the processes implemented in Sternberg’s task. In order to answer this question, we analyzed the relationships between the performance levels of 50 participants on Sternberg’s task on various well-known span tasks and on a classical visual search task. The results showed that, in the recall condition, Sternberg’s paradigm appears to be a verbal working memory task, whereas in the no-recall condition, the .
Community Networking and Locally‐Based Social Ties in Two Suburban Localities

Concerns have been expressed that Internet use may affect social participation and involvement in the local community. Internet use can be viewed as a time‐consuming activity, and it may come at the expense of face‐to‐face activities. The time people devote to using the Internet might replace time spent on neighborly relations and community involvement. However, the use of computer‐mediated communication in geographically‐based communities might also increase face‐to‐face communication and even solve some of the problems associated with decreasing participation and involvement in the local community. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between membership in a geographically‐based mailing list and locally‐based social ties. A web‐based survey of subscribers to two suburban mailing lists in Israel was conducted to investigate the relationship between membership in a mailing list and neighborhood social ties, social ties in the extended community, and the movement from online to face‐to‐face relationships. It was found that although membership on the mailing list did not affect the extent of neighborhood interactions, it increased the number of individuals a participant knew in the community. Online relationships with members of the local community proved likely to change into face‐to‐face relationships. The results imply that community networking increases social involvement and participation not in the immediate neighborhood but in the extended community and serves to complement traditional channels of communication.
Identification of staphylococcal phage with reduced transcription in human blood through transcriptome sequencing

Many pathogenic bacteria have bacteriophage and other mobile genetic elements whose activity during human infections has not been evaluated. We investigated the gene expression patterns in human subjects with invasive Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine the gene expression of bacteriophage and other mobile genetic elements. We developed an ex vivo technique that involved direct inoculation of blood from subjects with invasive bloodstream infections into culture media to reduce any potential laboratory adaptation. We compared ex vivo to in vitro profiles from 10 human subjects to determine MRSA gene expression in blood. Using RNA sequencing, we found that there were distinct and significant differences between ex vivo and in vitro MRSA gene expression profiles. Among the major differences between ex vivo and in vitro gene expression were virulence/disease/defense and mobile elements. While transposons were expressed at higher levels ex vivo, lysogenic bacteriophage had significantly higher in vitro expression. Five subjects had MRSA with bacteriophage that were inhibited by the presence of blood in the media, supporting that the lysogeny state was preferred in human blood. Some of the phage produced also had reduced infectivity, further supporting that phage were inhibited by blood. By comparing the gene expression cultured in media with and without the blood of patients, we gain insights into the specific adaptations made by MRSA and its bacteriophage to life in the human bloodstream.
Formative Assessment: A Meta-Analysis and a Call for Research

An effect size of about . 70 (or .40–.70) is often claimed for the efficacy of formative assessment, but is not supported by the existing research base. More than 300 studies that appeared to address the efficacy of formative assessment in grades K-12 were reviewed. Many of the studies had severely flawed research designs yielding uninterpretable results. Only 13 of the studies provided sufficient information to calculate relevant effect sizes. A total of 42 independent effect sizes were available. The median observed effect size was . 25. Using a random effects model, a weighted mean effect size of . 20 was calculated. Moderator analyses suggested that formative assessment might be more effective in English language arts (ELA) than in mathematics or science, with estimated effect sizes of . 32, . 17, and . 09, respectively. Two types of implementation of formative assessment, one based on professional development and the other on the use of computer-based formative systems, appeared to be more effective than other approaches, yielding mean effect size of . 30 and . 28, respectively. Given the wide use and potential efficacy of good formative assessment practices, the paucity of the current research base is problematic. A call for more high-quality studies is issued.
State Variation in Gender Disproportionality in Special Education

Gender disproportionality in special education has been apparent for many years, reflected in male-to-female ratios that range from about 1.5:1 to 3.5:1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of disproportionate representation for the disability conditions of learning disability (LD), serious emotional disturbance (SED), and mental retardation (MR) at the state, regional, and national levels. Using data collected by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights, we examined the hypothesis that current variations across states in gender disproportionality should be small, and similar to rates for the nation as a whole. Substantial variations in state rates for students with LD and SED were observed. We also examined the hypothesis that states serving relatively fewer students for a given disability are likely to have greater male overrepresentation. This hypothesis was generally supported for students with LD but not for students with MR or SED. We examined factors related to state policies for students with MR and SED that might help to account for these findings. We conclude with recommendations for research to better understand the basis for gender disproportionality and with several practical implications for policy review and response related to gender disproportionality at the regional, state, and national levels.
Formative assessment: views through different lenses

Formative assessment has been a growth industry in the last seven years, fuelled by evidence of two kinds – from research showing that formative practices improve pupils’ achievement, and from practice showing that teachers can transform ideas from the research into productive practices. While its impact has been most extensive in the UK, there have been significant innovations in other countries (CERI, 2005): the articles here study developments in England, New Zealand, Scotland and the USA. However, it was hardly to be expected that this intrusion into the ‘complexity and multiple dimensions of teachers and teaching’ (to quote Sato et al. in this issue) would be easy to manage, to predict or to optimize. Yet with the increasing investment in the dissemination of formative practices, it is important to develop understanding of this intrusion, both to provide better practical guidance and to calibrate this field of innovation in the light of previous research. There is indeed much that is not new in the several aspects of classroom practice that have developed through the focus on formative feedback, and the reference lists of the articles presented here demonstrate how older work can provide key clues to the understanding of the new. Yet it is striking that the alignment of several aspects of classroom practice within the formative focus has led many of the teachers involved to rethink their roles as teachers. This is a radical effect with implications at many levels, so any exploration has to look both at a micro level, into the nature of this change, and at a macro level, into the contexts and conditions in which it is being developed. The articles here have been gathered and ordered to illuminate this spectrum from the micro to the macro level. The starting point is a study by Cowie of the way in which pupils describe their experiences of formative work, showing how the interplay of the cognitive, affective and social aspects of their motivation affect their responses and involvement. Her evidence amply supports her argument that study of the pupils’ perspective is vital for any understanding of formative assessment. The next article, by Hodgen and Marshall, looks at classroom activity from the perspective of the detached observer: their choice, to examine in fine detail one English and one mathematics lesson, enables them to explore in depth the expected contrasts, and rather more surprising similarities, between formative practice in these two apparently different subjects. They show that one condition for good formative assessment is that The Curriculum Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 133 – 135
The transmission of work‐related attitudes: a social learning analysis

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to focus on personal and social background factors as potential channels for the transmission of work related attitudes in young adults. The paper aims to examine the extent to which gender, parental job type, job status, and education, as well as school experience, influence the development of attitudes towards work and family life.Design/methodology/approach – The study comprised a quantitative (questionnaire based) survey with a sample of 782 final year undergraduate students attending various third level institutions in Ireland and the USA.Findings – The results indicated that individuals who had grown up in traditional mixed families had more positive attitudes towards balancing work and home roles than did those who had grown up in traditional single earner families. Father's educational level also emerged as a significant factor in the career‐family attitudes of the participants.Research limitations/implications – The results of this research indicate that youn.