Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GABA Receptors on Orexin and Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons Are Differentially Homeostatically Regulated Following Sleep Deprivation123

Abstract Though overlapping in distribution through the hypothalamus, orexin (Orx) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons play opposite roles in the regulation of sleep–wake states. Orx neurons discharge during waking, whereas MCH neurons discharge during sleep. In the present study, we examined in mice whether GABAA and GABAB receptors (Rs) are present on Orx and MCH neurons and might undergo differential changes as a function of their different activities following sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep recovery (SR). Applying quantitative stereological image analysis to dual-immunofluorescent stained sections, we determined that the proportion of Orx neurons positively immunostained for GABAARs was significantly higher following SD (∼48%) compared with sleep control (SC; ∼24%) and SR (∼27%), and that the luminance of the GABAARs was significantly greater. In contrast, the average proportion of the MCH neurons immunostained for GABAARs was insignificantly lower following SD (∼43%) compared with SC (∼54%) and SR (56%), and the luminance of the GABAARs was significantly less. Although, GABABRs were observed in all Orx and MCH neurons (100%), the luminance of these receptors was differentially altered following SD. The intensity of GABABRs in the Orx neurons was significantly greater after SD than after SC and SR, whereas that in the MCH neurons was significantly less. The present results indicate that GABA receptors undergo dynamic and differential changes in the wake-active Orx neurons and the sleep-active MCH neurons as a function of and homeostatic adjustment to their preceding activity and sleep–wake state.
A new vegetation model based on numerical 3D solutions of maxwell equations

We study the scattering of a vegetation canopy consisting of a large number of thin cylindrical scatterers using Numerical Maxwell Model in 3D Simulations (NMM3D). The full wave approach for solving Maxwell equations is based on the Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL) combined with the Method of Moments for bodies of revolution (BOR). The accuracy of the method FL-BOR is first validated by comparing with the results from the commercial software HFSS for the two and five cylinders' cases. Next, the transmission through a vegetation canopy of cylindrical scatterers is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation where the cylinders, as many as 500, are generated in each realization and the scattering is solved by FL-BOR with exact solutions of the matrix equation. The results of transmission at C-band are compared with those from the distorted Born approximation (DBA) where the attenuation rate 〈κe〉 is computed using Foldy's approximation. In NMM3D simulations, the transmission is calculated without the need of defining or calculating the attenuation rate. Two cases are studied: (a) short cylinders where the cylinder lengths are much smaller than the layer thickness and are randomly distributed in 3D in the vegetation layer, and (b) long cylinders where the cylinder lengths are the same as the thickness of the vegetation layer. Case (b) represents several vegetation types and also part of other vegetation types. The results of case (b) show there are significant differences of transmission, as much as 6 dB, from that of DBA.
An analysis of accelerator coupling in heterogeneous architectures

Existing research on accelerators has emphasized the performance and energy efficiency improvements they can provide, devoting little attention to practical issues such as accelerator invocation and interaction with other on-chip components (e.g. cores, caches). In this paper we present a quantitative study that considers these aspects by implementing seven high-throughput accelerators following three design models: tight coupling behind a CPU, loose out-of-core coupling with Direct Memory Access (DMA) to the LLC, and loose out-of-core coupling with DMA to DRAM. A salient conclusion of our study is that working sets of non-trivial size are best served by loosely-coupled accelerators that integrate private memory blocks tailored to their needs.
Atypical spitzoid melanocytic tumors.

sitivity, staining patterns with alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff, the presence of sulfomucin and sialomucin on high iron diamine stain, pancreatic metaplasia, neuroendocrine cells, chief cells, DAS-1 expression, aneuploidy and tetraploidy by flow cytometry, and the presence of numerous molecular markers including CDX1, CDX2, BMP4, Sonic hedgehog gene, p53, p16, and many others. The value of any of these tests to improve diagnostic accuracy or precision of the basic histologic criteria has not been shown. Similarly, none of these tests have been shown to correlate with any clinical measure of GERD. Until such evidence is available, these parameters remain in the experimental arena. They are valuable research tests for the goal of developing improved markers for diagnosis and cancer risk assessment in GERD. We hope to develop accurate molecular tests that will replace and enhance routine histology. Till then, routine histology remains the standard of care, and the added cost of any ancillary testing is not justified.
Statins inhibit protein lipidation and induce the unfolded protein response in the non-sterol producing nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Statins are compounds prescribed to lower blood cholesterol in millions of patients worldwide. They act by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that leads to the synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, a precursor for cholesterol synthesis and the source of lipid moieties for protein prenylation. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a mevalonate pathway that lacks the branch leading to cholesterol synthesis, and thus represents an ideal organism to specifically study the noncholesterol roles of the pathway. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in C. elegans using statins or RNAi leads to developmental arrest and loss of membrane association of a GFP-based prenylation reporter. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is also strongly activated, suggesting that impaired prenylation of small GTPases leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and ER stress. UPR induction was also observed upon pharmacological inhibition of farnesyl transferases or RNAi inhibition of a specific isoprenoid transferase (M57.2) and found to be dependent on both ire-1 and xbp-1 but not on pek-1 or atf-6, which are all known regulators of the UPR. The lipid stores and fatty acid composition were unaffected in statin-treated worms, even though they showed reduced staining with Nile red. We conclude that inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase or of farnesyl transferases induce the UPR by inhibiting the prenylation of M57.2 substrates, resulting in developmental arrest in C. elegans. These results provide a mechanism for the pleiotropic effects of statins and suggest that statins could be used clinically where UPR activation may be of therapeutic benefit.
Local versus global link information in the Web

Information derived from the cross-references among the documentsin a hyperlinked environment, usually referred to as linkinformation, is considered important since it can be used toeffectively improve document retrieval. Depending on the retrievalstrategy, link information can be local or global. Local linkinformation is derived from the set of documents returned asanswers to the current user query. Global link information isderived from all the documents in the collection. In this work, weinvestigate how the use of local link information compares to theuse of global link information. For the comparison, we run a seriesof experiments using a large document collection extracted from theWeb. For our reference collection, the results indicate that theuse of local link information improves precision by 74&percnt;. When global link information is used, precision improves by35&percnt;. However, when only the first 10 documents in theranking are considered, the average gain in precision obtained withthe use of global link information is higher than the gain obtainedwith the use of local link information. This is an interestingresult since it provides insight and justification for the use ofglobal link information in major Web search engines, where usersare mostly interested in the first 10 answers. Furthermore, globalinformation can be computed in the background, which allowsspeeding up query processing.
Implications of Relationship Social Comparison Tendencies: Among Dating and Married Individuals

The current study examines the construct of relationship social comparison orientation, which deals with an individual’s propensity to compare his or her romantic relationship to that of others’ romantic relationships on various dimensions, in both dating and married samples. The study also examines the role of relationship uncertainty and self uncertainty as an inducement or precondition to relationship comparison tendencies in both groups. 204 married individuals were recruited through The University of Iowa employee pool and 270 dating individuals were recruited to participate using the Elementary Psychology research pool. Dating and married individuals completed questionnaires related to relationship social comparison orientation, general social comparison orientation, and personality traits. A subset of married individuals’ spouses also completed questionnaires to report as informants on their partners’ relationship comparison tendencies, general social comparison orientation and personality. Findings show that married individuals report higher levels of relationship and self certainty and satisfaction than dating individuals. Factor analyses of the Relationship Social Comparison Measure (RSCM; Smith LeBeau & Buckingham, 2008) and relationship comparison tendencies items produced an interpretable and replicable three factor structure, in both samples, of: 1) general relational comparisons, 2) relational comparisons with positive affect and 3) relational comparisons with negative affect. Dating individuals reported more frequent engagement in general relational comparisons and relational comparisons with negative affect. General relational comparisons and negative affect relational comparisons factor scales were significantly, negatively associated with satisfaction in both dating and married samples; in contrast, however,
The Effect of a Cognitive Model, Thinking Maps, on the Academic Language Development of English Language Learners

This study describes how teachers of two urban suburban schools with large numbers of English language learners (ELLs) used Thinking Maps as a cognitive model resulting in student’s improved academic language development. Teachers used Thinking Maps that included a common cognitive language that transcended grade levels and disciplines. An antecedent condition for these results was school-wide professional development of teachers’ expertise using Thinking Maps. Teachers’ anecdotal reports and samples of student work gave evidence to this researcher’s hypothesis: participating schools that implemented cognitive visual tools improved the academic language development of all their students. A phenomenological methodology was used to guide a descriptive qualitative study. Interviews and a survey served as the instruments for collecting data to gain insight into the factors that support teachers’ capacities to influence ELLs’ development of academic language. Findings of the study revealed a conceptual framework: a Model for Full Access for High Achievement in which five essential components describe the successful use of Thinking Map to teach ELLs. The research provides recommendations for administrators and teachers regarding the application at the Model for Full Access for High Achievement. A whole-school approach for teachers utilizing a common, cognitive tool proved significant in supporting ELLs, one of the most vulnerable sub-groups of students pressured to perform by the challenges of Common Core Standards. The study concludes that additional research (e.g., longitudinal studies, mixed populations etc.) needs to be conducted on the efficacy of Thinking Maps to improve academic achievement among ELLs, as well as students with special needs and struggling learners. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Walter Sullivan Second Supervisor Velma Whiteside Third Supervisor Larry Alper Subject Categories Education Comments Fourth Supervisor: Douglas Capozzalo This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/55 The Effect of a Cognitive Model, Thinking Maps, on the Academic Language Development of English Language Learners
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Is a Highly Effective Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer of the Gallbladder

&NA; We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine with or without cisplatin in 11 chemonaive patients with histologically confirmed advanced gallbladder cancer. All were symptomatic and had stage IV disease. Eight patients received gemcitabine 1 g/m2 on days 1 and 8 along with cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1. Three received gemcitabine alone. Treatment cycles were repeated every 21 days. One patient (9%) had complete remission of disease and 6 (55%) achieved a partial response to chemotherapy with an overall response rate of 64%. Median time to progression was 28 weeks and median overall survival was 42 weeks. Toxicity was easily manageable, and no treatment‐related deaths occurred. We conclude that gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin may be one of the most effective therapies for patients with advanced gallbladder cancer. If confirmed by others, it may provide an important therapeutic option in managing these patients who otherwise have a dismal prognosis.
Localized region context and object feature fusion for people head detection

People head detection in crowded scenes is challenging due to the large variability in clothing and appearance, small scales of people, and strong partial occlusions. Traditional bottom-up proposal methods and existing region proposal network approaches suffer from either poor recall or low precision. In this paper, we propose to improve both the recall and precision of head detection of region proposal models by integrating the local head information. In specific, we first use a region proposal network to predict the bounding boxes and corresponding scores of multiple instances in the region. A local head classifier network is then trained to score the bounding box generated from the region proposal model. After that, we propose an adaptive fusion method by optimally combining both the region and local scores to obtain the final score of each candidate bounding box. Furthermore, our fusion models can automatically learn the optimal hyper-parameters from data. Our algorithm achieves superior people head detection performance on the crowded scenes data set, which significantly outperforms several recent state-of-the-art baselines in the literature.
2-2015 An Algorithmic Framework for Strategic Fair Division

We study the paradigmatic fair division problem of fairly allocating a divisible good among agents with heterogeneous preferences, commonly known as cake cutting. Classic cake cutting protocols are susceptible to manipulation. Do their strategic outcomes still guarantee fairness? To address this question we adopt a novel algorithmic approach, proposing a concrete computational model and reasoning about the game-theoretic properties of algorithms that operate in this model. Specifically, we show that each protocol in the class of generalized cut and choose (GCC) protocols — which includes the most important discrete cake cutting protocols — is guaranteed to have approximate subgame perfect Nash equilibria, or even exact equilibria if the protocol's tie-breaking rule is flexible. We further observe that the (approximate) equilibria of proportional protocols — which guarantee each of the n agents a 1/n-fraction of the cake — must be (approximately) proportional, thereby answering the above question in the positive (at least for one common notion of fairness).
Probabilistic approaches to rough sets

Abstract: Probabilistic approaches to rough sets in granulation, approximation and rule induction are reviewed. The Shannon entropy function is used to quantitatively characterize partitions of a universe. Both algebraic and probabilistic rough set approximations are studied. The probabilistic approximations are defined in a decision‐theoretic framework. The problem of rule induction, a major application of rough set theory, is studied in probabilistic and information‐theoretic terms. Two types of rules are analyzed: the local, low order rules, and the global, high order rules.
Compounds which Affect the Adherence of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans to Hydroxyapatite

Several compounds were evaluated in an in vitro assay system for their ability to block the adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and Streptococcus mutans to dextran-coated hydroxyapatite. Fatty acids, ranging from C-12 to C-20, the enzyme amylase, chlorhexidine, human sera, and several serum proteins blocked S sanguis adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Chlorhexidine blocked S mutans adherence to dextran-coated hydroxyapatite, but human sera and serum proteins did not. The effects of these compounds on the adherence of these organisms to hydroxyapatite may help in the development of specific plaque control methods for use in human populations.
Coexpression of IL‐6 and soluble IL‐6R causes nodular regenerative hyperplasia and adenomas of the liver

Studies with tumor necrosis factor p55 receptor‐ and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐deficient mice have shown that IL‐6 is required for hepatocyte proliferation and reconstitution of the liver mass after partial hepatectomy. The biological activities of IL‐6 are potentiated when this cytokine binds soluble forms of its specific receptor subunit (sIL‐6R) and the resulting complex interacts with the transmembrane signaling chain gp130. We show here that double transgenic mice expressing high levels of both human IL‐6 and sIL‐6R under the control of liver‐specific promoters spontaneously develop nodules of hepatocellular hyperplasia around periportal spaces and present signs of sustained hepatocyte proliferation. The resulting picture is identical to that of human nodular regenerative hyperplasia, a condition frequently associated with immunological and myeloproliferative disorders. In high expressors, hyperplastic lesions progress with time into discrete liver adenomas. These data strongly suggest that the IL‐6/sIL‐6R complex is both a primary stimulus to hepatocyte proliferation and a pathogenic factor of hepatocellular transformation.
On the expansions of a real number to several integer bases

Only very little is known on the expansions of a real number to several integer bases. We establish various results showing that the expansions of a real number in two multiplicatively independent bases cannot both be simple, in a suitable sense. We also construct explicitly a real number ξ which is rich to all integer bases, that is, with the property that, for every integer b ≥ 2, every finite block of letters on the alphabet {0, 1, . , b− 1} occurs in the b-ary expansion of ξ. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11A63, 11K16.
I/O-Efficient Planar Separators

We present I/O-efficient algorithms for computing optimal separator partitions of planar graphs. Our main result shows that, given a planar graph $G$ with $N$ vertices and an integer $r > 0$, a vertex separator of size O$(N / \sqrt{r})$ that partitions $G$ into O$(N / r)$ subgraphs of size at most $r$ and boundary size O$(\sqrt{r})$ can be computed in O$(\operatorname{sort}(N))$ I/Os. This bound holds provided that $M \ge 56r \log^2 B$. Together with an I/O-efficient planar embedding algorithm presented in [N. Zeh, I/O-Efficient Algorithms for Shortest Path Related Problems, Ph.D. thesis, School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2002], this result is the basis for I/O-efficient solutions to many other fundamental problems on planar graphs, including breadth-first search and shortest paths [L. Arge, G. S. Brodal, and L. Toma, J. Algorithms, 53 (2004), pp. 186-206; L. Arge, L. Toma, and N. Zeh, I/O-efficient algorithms for planar digraphs, in Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, ACM, New York, 2003, pp. 85-93], depth-first search [L. Arge et al., J. Graph Algorithms Appl. , 7 (2003), pp. 105-129; L. Arge and N. Zeh, I/O-efficient strong connectivity and depth-first search for directed planar graphs, in Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 2003, pp. 261-270], strong connectivity [L. Arge and N. Zeh, I/O-efficient strong connectivity and depth-first search for directed planar graphs, in Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 2003, pp. 261-270], and topological sorting [L. Arge and L. Toma, Simplified external memory algorithms for planar DAGs, in Proceedings of the 9th Scandinavian Workshop on Algorithm Theory, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 3111, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York, 2004, pp. 493-503; L. Arge, L. Toma, and N. Zeh, I/O-efficient algorithms for planar digraphs, in Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, ACM, New York, 2003, pp. 85-93]. Our second result shows that, given I/O-efficient solutions to these problems, a general separator algorithm for graphs with costs and weights on their vertices [L. Aleksandrov et al., Partitioning planar graphs with costs and weights, in Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 2409, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York, 2002, pp. 98-107] can be made I/O-efficient. Many classical separator theorems are special cases of this result. In particular, our I/O-efficient version allows the computation of a separator as produced by our first separator algorithm, but without placing any constraints on $r$ in relation to the memory size.
Increased erythrocyte adhesion to VCAM-1 during pulsatile flow: Application of a microfluidic flow adhesion bioassay

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by microvascular occlusion mediated by adhesive interactions of sickle erythrocytes (SSRBCs) to the endothelium. Most in vitro flow adhesion assays measure SSRBC adhesion during continuous flow, although in vivo SSRBC adhesive interactions occur during pulsatile flow. Using a well-plate microfluidic flow adhesion system, we demonstrate that isolated SSRBCs adhere to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) at greater levels during pulsatile versus continuous flow. A significant increase in adhesive interactions was observed between all pulse frequencies 1 Hz to 2 Hz (60–120 beats/min) when compared to non-pulsatile flow. Adhesion of isolated SSRBCs and whole blood during pulsatile flow was unaffected by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition, and exposure of SSRBCs to pulsatile flow did not affect the intrinsic adhesive properties of SSRBCs. The cell type responsible for increased adhesion of whole blood varied from patient to patient. We conclude that low flow periods of the pulse cycle allow more adhesive interactions between sickle erythrocytes and VCAM-1, and sickle erythrocyte adhesion in the context of whole blood may better reflect physiologic cellular interactions. The microfluidic flow adhesion bioassay used in this study may have applications for clinical assessment of sickle erythrocyte adhesion during pulsatile flow.