Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flare Energy Release at the Magnetic Field Polarity Inversion Line during the M1.2 Solar Flare of 2015 March 15. II. Investigation of Photospheric Electric Current and Magnetic Field Variations Using HMI 135 s Vector Magnetograms

This work is a continuation of Paper I and is devoted to the analysis of nonthermal electron dynamics and plasma heating in the confined M1.2 class solar flare SOL2015-03-15T22:43, revealing energy release in the highly sheared interacting magnetic loops in the low corona, above the polarity inversion line (PIL). The aim of the present work is to perform the first extensive quantitative analysis of the photospheric magnetic field and photospheric vertical electric current (PVEC) dynamics in the confined flare region near the PIL using new vector magnetograms obtained with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory with a high temporal resolution of 135 s. Data analysis reveals sharp changes of the magnetic structure and PVEC associated with flare onset near the PIL. It is found that the strongest plasma heating and electron acceleration are associated with the largest increase in the magnetic reconnection rate, total PVEC, and effective PVEC density in the flare ribbons. Observations and nonlinear force-free field extrapolations show that the magnetic field structure around the PIL is consistent with a tether-cutting magnetic reconnection (TCMR) geometry. We give a qualitative interpretation of the observed dynamics of the flare ribbons, magnetic field, PVEC, and electron acceleration within the TCMR scenario.
Stressors Due to Handling Impair Gut Immunity in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius): The Compensatory Role of Dietary L-Tryptophan

In the context of intensive aquaculture, meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is one of the most important new aquaculture species in Southern Europe and several studies are focused on the optimization of its culture. Nevertheless, stressors such as handling during transport or culture maintenance may affect the immune system, thereby impairing some immune responses or provoking cellular damage. One strategy that has been used to avert this type of negative stress response is the supplementation of amino acids to improve resistance to stress. In this experiment, meagre (105.0 ± 2.6 g, mean ± standard deviation) juveniles were fed two diets for a period of 7 days, the first a commercial diet supplemented with 1% tryptophan (Trp) and second, the same commercial diet without tryptophan supplementation (control group). The effects of two types of handling stressors (air exposure and confinement/netting) on fish fed both diets was evaluated in terms of gene expression of the selected gut immunity markers, such as (1) innate immune response processes: c3 complement (c3), lysozyme (lys), and cyclooxygenase (cox2); (2) humoral immune response processes: interferon type 1 (ifn1), mx protein (mxp), interleukin 1b (il-1b), tumor necrosis factor 1a (tnf1a), and interleukin 10 (il-10); (3) antimicrobial peptides: defensin (def), hepcidin (hep), piscidin (pis), and a marker for mitochondrial respiration: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh). Samples of the anterior intestine were collected at 1 and 6 h post-stress (hps). Results showed that in fish fed 1% Trp, the air exposure resulted in an upregulation of gene expression at 6 hps for c3, lys, cox2, ifn1, mxp, il-10 and gapdh, and il-1b and pis. The confinement/netting test for fish fed 1% Trp resulted in an upregulation of c3 and mxp and a downregulation of cox2, ifn1, il-1b, tnf1a, il-10, def, hep, and gapdh at both post-stress times (1 and 6 hps). According to the present study, dietary supplementation with 1% Trp may be considered as a proper nutritional strategy for improving tolerance and/or alleviating acute response to handling stressors.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Z disk of sectioned bee flight muscle

The three-dimensional structure of the central region of the Z disk of honeybee flight muscle has been determined to a resolution of 70 A by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of tilted thin sections. The reconstructions show a complex assembly in which actin filaments terminate and are cross-linked together; a number of structural domains of this network are resolved in quantitative three- dimensional detail. The central region of the Z disk contains two sets of overlapping actin filaments of opposite polarity, which originate in the sarcomeres adjacent to the Z disk, and connections between these filaments. The filaments are deflected by the attachment of cross- links; spacing between filaments change by greater than 100 A during their passage through the Z disk. Each actin filament is linked by connecting structures to four filaments of opposite polarity and two filaments are of the same polarity. Four types of connecting density domain are observed in association with pairs of filaments of opposite polarity: C1, C2, C3, and C5. Two of these, C3 and C5, are associated with the ends of actin filaments. Another connection, C4, is associated with three filaments of the same polarity; C4 is threefold symmetric.
Operationally accessible entanglement of one-dimensional spinless fermions

For indistinguishable itinerant particles subject to a superselection rule fixing their total number, a portion of the entanglement entropy under a spatial bipartition of the ground state is due to particle fluctuations between subsystems and thus is inaccessible as a resource for quantum information processing. We quantify the remaining operationally accessible entanglement in a model of interacting spinless fermions on a one dimensional lattice via exact diagonalization and the density matrix renormalization group. We find that the accessible entanglement exactly vanishes at the first order phase transition between a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and phase separated solid for attractive interactions and is maximal at the transition to the charge density wave for repulsive interactions. Throughout the phase diagram, we discuss the connection between the accessible entanglement entropy and the variance of the probability distribution describing intra-subregion particle number fluctuations.
Using a Gaussian Graphical Model to Explore Relationships Between Items and Variables in Environmental Psychology Research

Exploratory analyses are an important first step in psychological research, particularly in problem-based research where various variables are often included from multiple theoretical perspectives not studied together in combination before. Notably, exploratory analyses aim to give first insights into how items and variables included in a study relate to each other. Typically, exploratory analyses involve computing bivariate correlations between items and variables and presenting them in a table. While this is suitable for relatively small data sets, such tables can easily become overwhelming when datasets contain a broad set of variables from multiple theories. We propose the Gaussian graphical model as a novel exploratory analyses tool and present a systematic roadmap to apply this model to explore relationships between items and variables in environmental psychology research. We demonstrate the use and value of the Gaussian graphical model to study relationships between a broad set of items and variables that are expected to explain the effectiveness of community energy initiatives in promoting sustainable energy behaviors.
Accurate Visual Localization for Automotive Applications

Accurate vehicle localization is a crucial step towards building effective Vehicle-to-Vehicle networks and automotive applications. Yet standard grade GPS data, such as that provided by mobile phones, is often noisy and exhibits significant localization errors in many urban areas. Approaches for accurate localization from imagery often rely on structure-based techniques, and thus are limited in scale and are expensive to compute. In this paper, we present a scalable visual localization approach geared for real-time performance. We propose a hybrid coarse-to-fine approach that leverages visual and GPS location cues. Our solution uses a self-supervised approach to learn a compact road image representation. This representation enables efficient visual retrieval and provides coarse localization cues, which are fused with vehicle ego-motion to obtain high accuracy location estimates. As a benchmark to evaluate the performance of our visual localization approach, we introduce a new large-scale driving dataset based on video and GPS data obtained from a large-scale network of connected dash-cams. Our experiments confirm that our approach is highly effective in challenging urban environments, reducing localization error by an order of magnitude.
How Psychological and Behavioral Team States Change during Positive and Negative Momentum

In business and sports, teams often experience periods of positive and negative momentum while pursuing their goals. However, researchers have not yet been able to provide insights into how psychological and behavioral states actually change during positive and negative team momentum. In the current study we aimed to provide these insights by introducing an experimental dynamical research design. Rowing pairs had to compete against a virtual opponent on rowing ergometers, while a screen in front of the team broadcasted the ongoing race. The race was manipulated so that the team’s rowing avatar gradually progressed (positive momentum) or regressed (negative momentum) in relation to the victory. The participants responded verbally to collective efficacy and task cohesion items appearing on the screen each minute. In addition, effort exertion and interpersonal coordination were continuously measured. Our results showed negative psychological changes (perceptions of collective efficacy and task cohesion) during negative team momentum, which were stronger than the positive changes during positive team momentum. Moreover, teams’ exerted efforts rapidly decreased during negative momentum, whereas positive momentum accompanied a more variable and adaptive sequence of effort exertion. Finally, the interpersonal coordination was worse during negative momentum than during positive momentum. These results provide the first empirical insights into actual team momentum dynamics, and demonstrate how a dynamical research approach significantly contributes to current knowledge on psychological and behavioral processes.
Phytoplankton phosphorus limitation and food quality for Bosmina

Recent studies have demonstrated that Daphnia, a cladoceran (anomopod) zooplankton species with a high phosphorus content, can become P limited when fed algae deficient in phosphorus. Bosmina is another common anomopod zooplankter, but its body has a lower percentage of P than does that of Daphnia, and Bosmina might therefore be less susceptible to P mineral limitation. To test for this hypothesized interspecific difference in nutrition, Bosmina and Daphnia were raised on two food types: P‐deficient or P‐sufficient Scenedesmus acutus in two concentrations (0.2 or 1.0 mg C L−1). As predicted by its lower P content, Bosmina growth and fecundity were not affected by the P content of algal food, even though P‐deficient food caused significant declines in these life history parameters for Daphnia. Results suggest that Bosmina has a lower P requirement than does Daphnia and that Bosmina may process phosphorus more efficiently or be better able to survive losses in body P content. The outcome of competition between Bosmina and Daphnia therefore might shift in favor of low‐P‐content zooplankton such as Bosmina under conditions of seston P mineral limitation.
Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism: 20 years of experience in a single institution

Purpose Recently, posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) has been reported to have some advantages over laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy (LTA). The objectives of this study were to report our experience over 12 years with laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) and to examine surgical outcomes of PRA compared with LTA in patients with PHA. Methods The medical records of 527 patients who underwent minimally invasive adrenalectomy, including LTA or PRA, from January 2006 until May 2017 were reviewed at Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea). Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of 146 patients with PHA who underwent LTA (19 patients) or PRA (127 patients) were analyzed retrospectively by complete chart review. Results The overall rates of biochemical and clinical cure were 91.1% and 93.1%, respectively. The mean operation time of the PRA group was significantly shorter than that of the LTA group (72.3 ± 24.1 minutes vs. 115.7 ± 69.7 minutes, P = 0.015). The length of hospital stay in the PRA group was significantly shorter than in the LTA group (3.5 ± 1.3 days vs. 4.2 ± 1.6 days, P = 0.029), and the first meal after surgery came earlier in the PRA group (0.3 ± 0.5 days vs. 0.6 ± 0.5 days, P = 0.049). The number of pain-killers used was also significantly smaller in the PRA group (2.3 ± 2.1 vs. 4.3 ± 2.3, P < 0.001). Conclusion PRA offers an alternative or likely superior method for treatment of small adrenal diseases such as PHA, with improved surgical outcomes.
Transition From Nasogastric Tube to Oral Feeding: The Role of Parental Guided Responsive Feeding

Background and Objective: Strategies to transition preterm infants from tube to oral feeding vary greatly and the transition may take days to weeks. The study objective was to evaluate the effect of parental guided responsive feeding (PGRF) on this transition. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial on infants born at <32 weeks gestation. The PGRF intervention was performed by parents, and included feeding intervals and volumes which were guided by the infants' behavioral cues of hunger and satiety. If a minimum volume was not taken orally, an intermediate volume was supplemented via nasogastric tube. The control group was traditionally fed (TF), with pre-planned volumes of intake and at given scheduled intervals. Results: The study comprised 67 infants (PGRF 32, TF 35). PGRF infants reached full oral feeding within less days (median 2 vs. 8 days, p = 0.001), at an earlier age (median 34.28 vs. 35.14 weeks, p < 0.001), returned to baseline weight gain at 35 weeks (1.77 ± 0.70 vs. 1.25 ± 0.63 g/kg/day, p = 0.002), were discharged earlier (36.34 ± 0.6 vs. 36.86 ± 0.9 weeks, p = 0.001), were more likely to be fed by their parents (p < 0.001), and experienced less apnea/bradycardia events at 34 weeks (median 3.5 vs. 9 per week p = 0.047) compared to the TF infants. The regression model demonstrated that independent variables predicted 43.7% of the variance of time to full oral feeding [F(9, 65) = 4.84 p < 0.001]. The only significant variable was feeding group (B = −6.43 p < 0.001); The PGRF infants were more likely to reach full oral feeding earlier. Conclusion: PGRF is safe, and associated with short-term advantages, higher parental engagement, and earlier discharge. Clinical Trial Registration: Identifier: SHEBA-12-9574-IM-CTIL; “Adjusted Individual Oral Feeding for Improving Short and Long Term Outcomes of Preterm Infants. ”
Neural Correlates of Simulated Driving While Performing a Secondary Task: A Review

Distracted driving consists in performing a secondary task while driving, such as cell-phone conversation. Given the limited resources of the attentional system, engaging in a secondary task while driving increases the risk to have car accidents. The secondary task engagement while driving can depend on or be affected by different factors, including driver's individual characteristics, necessities, environmental conditions, and so forth. In the present work, the neuroimaging studies that investigated the brain areas involved in simulated driving during the execution of a secondary task (visual and overall auditory tasks) were reviewed in light of driving settings. In general, although there are also differences in decrease and increase brain activations across studies, due to the varieties of paradigms used (simulators, secondary tasks and neuroimaging techniques), the dual-task condition (simulated driving plus secondary task), as compared to the simulated driving-alone condition, was generally found to yield a significant shift in activations from occipital to fronto-parietal brain regions. These findings show that when a secondary task is added during driving the neural system redirects attentional resources away from visual processing, increasing the possibility of incorrect, dangerous or risky behavioral responses. The shift of the attentional resources can occur even if driving behavior is not explicitly affected. Limits of the neuroimaging studies reviewed and future research directions, including the need to explore the role of personality factors in the modulation of the neural programs while engaging distracted driving, are briefly discussed.
Formation of Low-Mass Stars in Elliptical Galaxy Cooling Flows

Thermal X-ray emission from cooling flows in elliptical galaxies indicates that ~1 M☉ of hot (T ~ 107 K) interstellar gas cools each year, accumulating ~1010 M☉ over a Hubble time. Paradoxically, optical and radio frequency emission from the cooled gas is lacking, indicating that less than ~10-3 of the cooled gas remains. Many have speculated that the cooled gas has formed into relatively invisible low-mass stars, particularly in the context of massive cooling flows in galaxy clusters. We focus here on cooling flows in elliptical galaxies like NGC 4472 where the cooled gas is made visible in emission lines from H II regions ionized and heated (T ~ 104 K) by stellar ultraviolet radiation. The low filling factor of H II gas requires that the hot gas cools at ~106 cooling sites within several kpc of the galactic center. H II mass slowly increases at each site at ~10-6 M☉ yr-1 until a neutral core develops. Neutral cores are heated (T ~ 15 K) and ionized (x ~ 10-6) by thermal X-rays from the entire interstellar cooling flow. We show that the maximum mass of spherical H I cores that become gravitationally unstable is only ~2 M☉. No star can exceed this mass, and fragmentation of collapsing cores produces stars of even lower mass. By this means we establish with some confidence that the hypothesis of low-mass star formation is indeed correct—the initial mass function is bottom heavy, but its stars may be optically luminous. Slightly more massive stars ≲4.5 M☉ can form near the effective radius (r = 8.57 kpc in NGC 4472) if sufficient masses of interstellar gas cool there, producing a luminous population of intermediate-mass stars perhaps with radial orbits that may contribute to the stellar Hβ index. The degree of ionization in gravitationally collapsing cores is sufficiently low to allow magnetic fields to disconnect by ambipolar diffusion. Low-mass star formation is very efficient, involving ~106 M☉ of galactic cold gas at any time, in agreement with observed upper limits on cold gas mass. We discuss the cooling region surrounding a typical cooling site and show that the total X-ray absorption in cold and cooling gas is much less than that indicated by recent X-ray observations. Using a mass dropout scheme consistent with X-ray observations and dynamical mass-to-light ratios, we plot the global Hβ surface brightness profile in NGC 4472 and compare it with the smaller contribution from H II gas recently ejected from red giant stars. The lifetime of cooled gas at each cooling site, ~105 yr, is too short to permit dust formation and perhaps also gas phase formation of molecules.
Translational readthrough potential of natural termination codons in eucaryotes – The impact of RNA sequence

Termination of protein synthesis is not 100% efficient. A number of natural mechanisms that suppress translation termination exist. One of them is STOP codon readthrough, the process that enables the ribosome to pass through the termination codon in mRNA and continue translation to the next STOP codon in the same reading frame. The efficiency of translational readthrough depends on a variety of factors, including the identity of the termination codon, the surrounding mRNA sequence context, and the presence of stimulating compounds. Understanding the interplay between these factors provides the necessary background for the efficient application of the STOP codon suppression approach in the therapy of diseases caused by the presence of premature termination codons.
Fundamental Limits of Identification System With Secret Binding Under Noisy Enrollment

We study the fundamental limits of biometric identification systems with chosen secret from an information theoretic perspective. Ignatenko and Willems (2015) characterized the capacity region of identification, secrecy, and privacy-leakage rates of the system provided that the enrollment channel is noiseless. In the enrollment process, however, it is highly considered that noise occurs when bio-data is scanned. Recently, Yachongka and Yagi (2019) characterized the capacity region of the system with generated secret considering noisy enrollment and template constraint. In this paper, we are interested in characterizing the capacity region of identification, secrecy, template, and privacy-leakage rates of the system with chosen secret under the same settings as Yachongka and Yagi (2019). As special cases, the obtained result shows that the characterization reduces to the one given by Ignatenko and Willems (2015) where the enrollment channel is noiseless and there is no constraint on the template rate, and it also coincides with the result derived by G\"unl\"u and Kramer (2018) where there is only one individual.