Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Stability Of The Money Demand Function In South Africa: A VAR-Based Approach

The study examines the stability of the money demand function from 1994 to 2012 using quarterly data. The study utilises the Johansen co-integration to analyse the long-term relationship between the money demand function and its determinants. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ were also used to examine the stability of the South African money demand function. The co-integration test proved that there exists a long-term relationship between the money demand function and its determinants. However, the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ proved that the South African money demand was unstable from 2003 to 2007. This therefore justifies the use of the repo rate as a monetary policy tool as compared to the monetary aggregates.
Uplink user capacity in a multicell CDMA system with hotspot microcells

The number of simultaneous users (or user capacity) supportable on the uplink of a multiple-macrocell code division multiple-access (CDMA) system with multiple "hotspot" microcells embedded within is studied. These microcells operate on the same frequency as the macrocells and are installed in regions of high user demand. It is shown that the user capacity depends on how the users are distributed among cells, and that the maximum (called the attainable capacity) occurs when all cells serve roughly the same number of users. The approach builds on a two-cell analysis published previously, for a single microcell embedded in a single macrocell. First, this analysis is expanded upon to estimate the attainable capacity for M macrocells, where the center one contains L microcells. Then the case in which L microcells are distributed randomly among the M macrocells is analyzed. In each case, the formula for attainable capacity is very simple and highly accurate (as demonstrated via simulations) up to reasonably high values of L. For example, with L microcells distributed among M macrocells, the analysis is accurate at least up to eight microcells per macrocell. The analysis and results are general with respect to cell geometries, propagation parameters, and other variables of the two-tier CDMA system
Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development

The hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory functions and emotional responses, has distinct subregions subserving different functions. Because the volume and shape of the hippocampus are altered in many neuropsychiatric disorders, it is important to understand the trajectory of normal hippocampal development. We present the first dynamic maps to reveal the anatomical sequence of normal human hippocampal development. A novel hippocampal mapping technique was applied to a database of prospectively obtained brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (100 scans in 31 children and adolescents), scanned every 2 yr for 6–10 yr between ages 4 and 25. Our results establish that the structural development of the human hippocampus is remarkably heterogeneous, with significant differences between posterior (increase over time) and anterior (loss over time) subregions. These distinct developmental trajectories of hippocampal subregions may parallel differences in their functional development. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of upper extremity exercise on secondary lymphedema in breast cancer patients: a pilot study.

PURPOSE To examine the effect of a progressive upper-body exercise program on lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment. METHODS Fourteen breast cancer survivors with unilateral upper extremity lymphedema were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 7) or control group (n = 7). The exercise group followed a progressive, 8-week upper-body exercise program consisting of resistance training plus aerobic exercise using a Monark Rehab Trainer arm ergometer. Lymphedema was assessed by arm circumference and measurement of arm volume by water displacement. Patients were evaluated on five occasions over the experimental period. The Medical Outcomes Trust Short-Form 36 Survey was used to measure quality of life before and after the intervention. Significance was set at alpha < or = 0.01. RESULTS No changes were found in arm circumference or arm volume as a result of the exercise program. Three of the quality-of-life domains showed trends toward increases in the exercise group: physical functioning (P =.050), general health (P =.048), and vitality (P =.023). Mental health increased, although not significantly, for all subjects (P =.019). Arm volume measured by water displacement was correlated with calculated arm volume (r =.973, P <.001), although the exercise and control group means were significantly different (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS Participation in an upper-body exercise program caused no changes in arm circumference or arm volume in women with lymphedema after breast cancer, and they may have experienced an increase in quality of life. Additional studies should be done in this area to determine the optimum training program.
Reputational Penalties in Japan Evidence from Corporate Scandals

We examine incidents in which Japanese businesses are implicated in corporate scandals. Such firms suffer statistically significant losses in their market values. Given the negligible legal and regulatory penalties for Japanese companies, we interpret the results as convincing evidence on the size of reputational losses. We also compare our results to those found in U.S. studies. The average negative abnormal stock price reaction is larger in Japan than in the United States. Moreover, they are negative and statistically significant even when it is not obvious that the firm violated an implicit or explicit contract with the damaged party.
Speech Cueing on the Web by 'the Little Dude': Multimedia Instruction for Young Children

There is a real need for studies on learning from multimedia with school-age children, even pre-school children. In this research, temporal speech cueing was proposed to help young children as they listened to a speaking pedagogical agent direct their attention to details in on-screen text and graphics. An experiment was conducted with 4th and 5th graders (n = 133) who read on-screen text, and listened to cues presented by a pedagogical agent. Results showed that children in the speech cueing group out-performed those in the on-screen text group in immediate and delayed post-tests. Agent movement had no effect. Implications are discussed for helping young children to learn from the on-screen text presented in contemporary educational multimedia.
Union duopoly with heterogeneous labour

Purpose – Aims to analyse the labour market outcome when there are two unions in the industry, representing heterogeneous workers – imperfect substitutes in production. Design/methodology/approach – Competition between union policies are viewed in terms of both employment and wage strategies. Results for substitutes and complements are inspected. Attention is given to the strategic behaviour of the unions, towards one another and/or the employer side. Cooperation is modelled using the Nash-maximand approach. Findings – Gathers some notes and enlargements to the standard collective bargaining problem in which unions maximise utility. Extends the framework to model union competition behaviour for jobs and/or employment that reproduces the standard market product analysis of imperfect competition. Focuses on heterogeneous labour. Research limitations/implications – The analysis concentrates on the case of union duopoly, but can easily be enlarged to the n-union setting – which is left for further investigation. Originality/value – A simple analytical example with Stone-Geary union utility functions and a linear labour demand system is forwarded.
Trade-related intellectual property rights

Maskus, K. (2000) Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. Matthews, D. (2002) Globalising Intellectual Property Rights: The TRIPS Agreement, London: Routledge. May, C. (2000) A Global Political Economy of Intellectual Property Rights. The New Enclosures? , London: Routledge/RIPE studies in global political economy. Sell, S.K. (1998) Power and Ideas: North-South Politics of Intellectual Property and An titrust, Albany: State University of New York Press.
Tourist arrivals and macroeconomic determinants of CO2 emissions in Malaysia

This paper investigates the determinants of carbon dioxide emission with special emphasis on tourism development in Malaysia. Within a multivariate framework, which includes real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization, cointegration and causality tests were applied to determine the relationship in the variables. The results reveal long-run relationships between the series and a positive unidirectional long-run causality running from tourist arrivals and the other series to pollution. The study fails to establish any causal relationship between tourism and economic growth in the long-run. These findings suggest that tourist arrivals are active contributors to pollution, but arrivals do not translate into sufficient upsurge in GDP. It is recommended that policy-makers should entrench cleaner energy programmes in their tourism development policies.
Liberty Against the Law: Some Seventeenth-Century Controversies

Part 1 Introduction: from "A Jovial Crew" (1641) to "The Beggar's Opera" (1728) customary liberties and legal rights. Part 2 Lawlessness: vagabonds the poor and wage labour Robin Hood Robin Hood, possesive individualism and the norman yoke forests and venison, game laws and poachers smugglers pirates highwaymen "gypsy liberty". Part 3 Imperial problems: "going native" - "the noble savage" impressment and the empire. Part 4 Christian liberty: the ambiguities of Protestantism church courts and fees marriage and parish registrations the Mosaic Law and the Priesthood of All Believers antinomianism. Part 5 Society, law and liberty: history and the law liberty and equality - who are the people? whose law? and whose liberty? "away with the lawyers! ". Part 5 Aftermath: Gerrard Winstanley - the law of freedom the Society of Friends and law apocalypse and after John Clare, 1793 - 1864.
Does high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy?

The incidence and mortality in pregnant women with acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is high. Data on the viral load of HEV during pregnancy are limited. The study was designed to determine the viral load of HEV and its association with the disease severity in patients with acute liver failure. A total of HEV related 163 patients with acute liver failure which included 105 pregnant, 46 non‐pregnant women and girls and 12 men and 730 patients with acute viral hepatitis which comprised of 220 pregnant women; 282 non‐pregnant women and girls and 228 men were included. Viral load was measured by real‐time PCR. Comparison was made between the pregnant and non‐pregnant women. HEV RNA was detectable in 265 patients (142 pregnant; 75 non‐pregnant and 48 men) and 104 patients with acute liver failure (64 pregnant, 34 non‐pregnant and 6 men). The viral load of HEV in pregnant women with acute liver failure and acute viral hepatitis was significantly higher 129,984.0 ± 103,104.17 and 768.92 ± 1,105.40 copies/ml, respectively compared to the non‐pregnant women which was 189.2 ± 225 and 12.73 ± 7.8 copies/ml (P < 0.0001). The viral load of HEV was also significantly higher in the pregnant patients with acute liver failure compared to the pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis and also men (P < 0.0001). High viral load of HEV during pregnancy could be one of the factors responsible for the severity of the infection during pregnancy. J. Med. Virol. 85:620–626, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Honokiol protects against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in the rat

This study aims to investigate the possible hepato‐protective effects of honokiol against liver damage and cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the rat. Rats were treated acutely, or chronically with CCl4 at 5 day intervals (0.06 mL/100 g body weight, administered as 50% vol/vol solution in liquid paraffin) by gavage, in combination with phenobarbitone in drinking water (0.5 g/L for 7 days prior to, and during CCl4 treatment) to induce liver damage. Some were also co‐treated with 0.1 mg/kg or 0.03 mg/kg honokiol (i.p.) or with appropriate vehicle. In vivo measurement of the liver sinusoidal area was performed using confocal microscopy following i.v. fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran. Liver histology and function tests were performed, and liver and body weights were measured. Confocal microscopy showed that acute and chronic CCl4 treatment significantly reduced the sinusoidal area. Honokiol (0.1 mg/kg, but not 0.03 mg/kg) partially reversed the decrease in the sinusoidal area after acute or chronic treatments with CCl4. Acute and chronic CCl4 treatment produced significant histological liver damage. Honokiol (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the histological damage caused by chronic treatment. Chronic treatment with CCl4 caused a significant increase in the bilirubin level that was not observed following the high dose of honokiol (0.1 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study showed that honokiol exhibits potent hepato‐protective effects in rats treated with CCl4. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updating the Genomic Component of the UMLS Semantic Network

The UMLS Metathesaurus and the Semantic Network (SN) were created in the absence of a comprehensive curated genomics terminology and before the recent quantitative and qualitative explosion of genomic knowledge. In this paper we evaluate the internal consistency of the SN's categories relevant to genomics and propose changes to improve its ability to express genomic knowledge. We evaluate the completeness of the SN with respect to genomic concepts by extracting genomics vocabulary from leading texts and databases of genomic information and comparing the extracted vocabulary to the SN. We propose corresponding extensions to the SN to fill identified gaps.
Contributions of the Emergent Literacy Environment to Literacy Outcomes for Young Children Who Are Deaf

Specific characteristics of early literacy environments support hearing children’s emergent literacy. The researchers investigated these characteristics’ role in emergent literacy in young deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children, using the Early Language and Literacy Classroom Observation (ELLCO; M. W. ). Eighteen self-contained classrooms of preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade DHH children (N = 40) were studied. Hierarchical linear analysis was used to examine study participants’ classroom environment and growth in emergent literacy skills. Correlations suggested that classroom environment was more closely related to vocabulary and phonological awareness in DHH children than in typically hearing children. Major differences among classrooms were also indicated. However, growth in children’s skills did not correlate strongly with attributes captured by the ELLCO. This suggests that classrooms promoting emergent literacy skills acquisition in DHH children may differ from classrooms of typically developing hearing children.
A General Framework for the Macroeconomic Analysis of Monetary Unions

The objective of this paper is to develop a general framework for the macroeconomic modelling of monetary unions, which could be useful for policy analysis, as well as for teaching purposes. Our starting point will be the standard twocountry Mundell-Fleming model with perfect capital mobility, extended to incorporate the supply side, and modified so that the money market is common for two countries forming a monetary union. The model is presented in two versions: for a small and a big monetary union, respectively. After solving each model, we will derive multipliers for monetary, real (i. e., demand-side), supply, and external shocks, paying a special attention to the distinction between symmetric and asymmetric shocks. A graphical analysis is also provided.
Optimal Taxation and Employment Policy with a Centralized Wage Settin g

Public policy is examined where the economy-wide labor and employer organizations bargain about wages. The main findings are as follo ws: employment subsidies must fall with the elasticity for the demand for labor but payroll subsidies on inputs which are not fully employ ed must rise with it; these subsidies must be uniform in all sectors and when optimally set, they will equalize all union wages as well as all producer wages for unemployed labor; and the government should p ay such unemployment benefits that the marginal utilities of income f or the employed and the unemployed become equal. Copyright 1987 by Royal Economic Society.
Developing cultural intelligence: assessing the effect of the Ecotonos cultural simulation game for international business students

In this study, we test the strength of a cross-cultural simulation game, Ecotonos, in the development of cultural intelligence (CQ) and self-efficacy amongst business students. Cross-cultural training is perceived as an important tool to help develop cross-cultural competence in international managers. Within the training literature, a distinction is made between various types of training, roughly the more cognitive knowledge-transferring training formats and more behavioral training formats such as cultural simulation games or cross-cultural role-plays. The impact of these cross-cultural role-plays is perceived to be stronger due to the process of practicing new behavior in an intercultural safe setting. In this study, we test such a behavioral training format, Ecotonos, to investigate the impact of this cross-cultural intervention on the cultural competence of students in higher business education. This study shows that the use of the Ecotonos cross-cultural role-play supports the development of CQ, specifically metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral CQ. Next, it shows an increase in the development of confidence in cross-cultural encounters. Communication effectiveness did not increase as a result of the Ecotonos cross-cultural role-play.
Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 . By K. N. Chaudhuri. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Pp. xiv, 269. $42.50 cloth; $16.95 paper.

of "seems," "appears," and similar expressions. The lengthy footnotes merely add to the uncertainty about the evidence. Much of the difficulty, however, may proceed from the brevity of the text, which covers about eight centuries in 145 pages and ranges from technical agricultural material to politics, religion, economics, and other disciplines. The author is aware of this problem, for he describes his presentation as "a superficial survey" (p. 135), but his recognition still does not solve it. Other important questions remain to be answered: why did agriculture decline, even though the economic forces which had led to its rise were still there, such as the size of the population, the market, the knowledge, the land tenure institutions, and competition? Is it possible to determine the relationship between the rise or decline of the political-military power and the rise or decline of the agricultural economy? Certainly the answers to these questions would have required far more space and analysis than such a brief text could provide. I believe this book will have more impact in generating hypotheses than in convincing readers of the validity of its findings, but that itself is an important contribution.
“Drunk in Love”: The Portrayal of Risk Behavior in Music Lyrics

The current study investigated the prevalence of multiple risk behaviors in popular music lyrics as well as the contexts within which they occur. We conducted a content analysis of the top 20 Billboard songs from 2009 to 2013 in the genres of rap, country, adult contemporary, rock, R&B/hip-hop, and pop, coding for the presence of alcohol, marijuana, nonmarijuana drugs, and sex as well as the contexts intoxication, binging/addiction, partying/socializing, disregard for consequences, and emotional states. The contexts relationship status and degradation were also coded for when sex was present. Of the 600 songs, 212 mentioned sexual behaviors, which were most frequent in rap and R&B/hip-hop. Alcohol was the next most frequent risk behavior, again with greatest mention in rap and R&B/hip-hop. Alcohol, marijuana, and nonmarijuana drugs were most often associated with positive emotions, and sex was most often described within the context of casual relationships. Alcohol and sex were associated with disregard for consequences most often in 2011, when the “you only live once” motto was most popular. These findings are concerning because exposure to popular music is associated with increased risk behaviors for adolescents and young adults, who are the greatest consumers of music.
High-Spatial-Resolution Aerosol Optical Properties Retrieval Algorithm Using Chinese High-Resolution Earth

Building on existing techniques for satellite remote sensing of fires, this paper takes advantage of the day–night band (DNB) aboard the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to develop the Firelight Detection Algorithm (FILDA), which characterizes fire pixels based on both visible-light and infrared (IR) signatures at night. By adjusting fire pixel selection criteria to include visible-light signatures, FILDA allows for significantly improved detection of pixels with smaller and/or cooler subpixel hotspots than the operational Interface Data Processing System (IDPS) algorithm. VIIRS scenes with near-coincident Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) overpasses are examined after applying the operational VIIRS fire product algorithm and including a modified “candidate fire pixel selection” approach from FILDA that lowers the 4-μm brightness temperature (BT) threshold but includes a minimum DNB radiance. FILDA is shown to be effective in detecting gas flares and characterizing fire lines during large forest fires (such as the Rim Fire in California and High Park fire in Colorado). Compared with the operational VIIRS fire algorithm for the study period, FILDA shows a large increase (up to 90%) in the number of detected fire pixels that can be verified with the finer resolution ASTER data (90 m). Part (30%) of this increase is likely due to a combined use of DNB and lower 4-μm BT thresholds for fire detection in FILDA. Although further studies are needed, quantitative use of the DNB to improve fire detection could lead to reduced response times to wildfires and better estimate of fire characteristics (smoldering and flaming) at night.
Is High School Employment Consumption or Investment?

This study examines how high school employment affects future economic attainment. There is no indication that light to moderate job commitments ever have a detrimental effect; instead, hours worked during the senior grade are positively correlated with future earnings, fringe benefits, and occupational status. These gains occur even though employed seniors attain slightly less education than their counterparts. The results are robust across a variety of specifications and suggest that student employment increases net investments in human capital particularly toward the end of high school and for females.