Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autistic Disorders and Schizophrenia: Related or Remote? An Anatomical Likelihood Estimation

Shared genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Social interaction, communication, emotion processing, sensorimotor gating and executive function are disrupted in both, stimulating debate about whether these are related conditions. Brain imaging studies constitute an informative and expanding resource to determine whether brain structural phenotype of these disorders is distinct or overlapping. We aimed to synthesize existing datasets characterizing ASD and schizophrenia within a common framework, to quantify their structural similarities. In a novel modification of Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE), 313 foci were extracted from 25 voxel-based studies comprising 660 participants (308 ASD, 352 first-episode schizophrenia) and 801 controls. The results revealed that, compared to controls, lower grey matter volumes within limbic-striato-thalamic circuitry were common to ASD and schizophrenia. Unique features of each disorder included lower grey matter volume in amygdala, caudate, frontal and medial gyrus for schizophrenia and putamen for autism. Thus, in terms of brain volumetrics, ASD and schizophrenia have a clear degree of overlap that may reflect shared etiological mechanisms. However, the distinctive neuroanatomy also mapped in each condition raises the question about how this is arrived in the context of common etiological pressures.
A Framework for Evaluating Biomarkers for Early Detection: Validation of Biomarker Panels for Ovarian Cancer

A panel of biomarkers may improve predictive performance over individual markers. Although many biomarker panels have been described for ovarian cancer, few studies used prediagnostic samples to assess the potential of the panels for early detection. We conducted a multisite systematic evaluation of biomarker panels using prediagnostic serum samples from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) screening trial. Using a nested case–control design, levels of 28 biomarkers were measured laboratory-blinded in 118 serum samples obtained before cancer diagnosis and 951 serum samples from matched controls. Five predictive models, each containing 6 to 8 biomarkers, were evaluated according to a predetermined analysis plan. Three sequential analyses were conducted: blinded validation of previously established models (step 1); simultaneous split-sample discovery and validation of models (step 2); and exploratory discovery of new models (step 3). Sensitivity, specificity, sensitivity at 98% specificity, and AUC were computed for the models and CA125 alone among 67 cases diagnosed within one year of blood draw and 476 matched controls. In step 1, one model showed comparable performance to CA125, with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC at 69.2%, 96.6%, and 0.892, respectively. Remaining models had poorer performance than CA125 alone. In step 2, we observed a similar pattern. In step 3, a model derived from all 28 markers failed to show improvement over CA125. Thus, biomarker panels discovered in diagnostic samples may not validate in prediagnostic samples; utilizing prediagnostic samples for discovery may be helpful in developing validated early detection panels. Cancer Prev Res; 4(3); 375–83. ©2011 AACR.
The Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMMs) Genes among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Children.

BACKGROUND Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus express a myriad of adhesive surface proteins that play important role in colonization of the bacteria on nasal and skin surfaces, beginning the process of pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to screen several of the Microbial Surface Components Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMMs) genes among the isolate of S. aureus from hospitalized children. METHODS A total of 22 S. aureus isolates were collected from hospitalized children in Tehran from 2012 to 2013. Detection of the mecA and several adhesive surface proteins genes including clfA, B (encoding clumping factors A, B); fnbA, B (encoding finronectin binding proteins A, B); fib (encoding fibrinogen binding protein); eno (encoding laminin binding protein); cna (encoding collagen binding protein); ebps (encoding elastin binding protein) and bbp (encoding bone sialo-protein binding protein), was performed by PCR. RESULTS The clfAB genes were detected among all the isolates. The prevalence of fnbA, fnbB, fib, eno, cna, ebps and bbp was 63%, 6%, 50%, 59%, 82%, 63%, 9% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of these genes is important for future plans in vaccine designation. MRSA and MSSA isolates similarly can produce adhesive surface proteins for colonization.
Scattered Radiation from Obscured Quasars in Distant Radio Galaxies

We present optical spectropolarimetric and imaging polarimetric observations of four high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) obtained with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer of the 10 m Keck I telescope. A broad Mg II λ2800 emission line is detected in the total and polarized flux spectra of 3C 265 and 3C 277.2. The fractional polarization is high, and both it and the position angle are constant with wavelength after accounting for dilution by unpolarized starlight of the host galaxy, which can contribute substantially. An extended unpolarized continuum similar to that observed in other active galactic nuclei is also detected. Imaging polarimetry reveals a rough double-fan morphology of the polarized light coincident with the extended aligned emission regions, with the position angle essentially perpendicular to the radial structure of the extended UV/optical emission and with the degree of polarization increasing with radius away from the nucleus. The radio jets lie inside the extended emission regions and, like every radius, are roughly perpendicular to the polarization position angle. These results strengthen the view that powerful radio galaxies would be called quasars if viewed from the proper direction. Based on the polarimetric data presented in this paper and in previous studies, scattering of radiation from an obscured quasar source appears to be the preferred interpretation over jet-induced star formation for explaining the alignment effect in HzRGs. Both electrons and dust can play a major role in the scattering process. However, the lack of strong direct evidence for either case and our ignorance of the properties and distribution of the scatterers in these galaxies make it very difficult to discriminate between the two. Our data reveal a chance alignment of 3C 343.1 with a foreground galaxy, which dominates the observed optical flux from the system.
Low Vitamin D Status and Inadequate Nutrient Intakes of Elementary School Children in a Highly Educated Pacific Northwest Community

Are Extension healthy youth programs needed in highly educated U.S. communities? To answer this question, 175 children from four public elementary schools in Corvallis, Oregon, self-reported in a cross-sectional study their dietary intake, and 71 children provided a blood sample for measuring vitamin D concentrations. Most children had insufficient blood vitamin D and reported a diet insufficient in fiber, essential fatty acids, potassium, and vitamin E and excessive in saturated fatty acids and sodium. Our data indicate a need for Extension to provide youth programs in highly educated U.S. communities to improve nutrient intakes and vitamin D status in children.
Diversification and Development

This paper explores the relationship between sectoral diversification and economic development. We develop a risk-based methodology to assess countries' extent of industrial diversification. The industrial structure of a country tends to be risky when the country i) has a high sectoral concentration, ii) specializes in highly risky sectors, and/or iii) specializes in sectors highly affected by country-specific fluctuations. We document the following regularities. First, sectoral concentration declines and then increases with development. Second, industry-specific risk declines with development. Hence, at early stages of development, the decline in concentration is accompanied by a parallel decrease in industry risk, whereas at higher levels of development sectoral concentration and industry risk move in opposite directions. Third, country-specific risk declines along the development path. Fourth, the covariance between industry and country risk increases with development. We also derive indicators of consumption risk that provide direct evidence on the welfare implications of risk. Finally, we compare the overall level of risk with that of the "optimal country portfolio. "
Cardiolipin microdomains localize to negatively curved regions of Escherichia coli membranes

Many proteins reside at the cell poles in rod-shaped bacteria. Several hypotheses have drawn a connection between protein localization and the large cell-wall curvature at the poles. One hypothesis has centered on the formation of microdomains of the lipid cardiolipin (CL), its localization to regions of high membrane curvature, and its interaction with membrane-associated proteins. A lack of experimental techniques has left this hypothesis unanswered. This paper describes a microtechnology-based technique for manipulating bacterial membrane curvature and quantitatively measuring its effect on the localization of CL and proteins in cells. We confined Escherichia coli spheroplasts in microchambers with defined shapes that were embossed into a layer of polymer and observed that the shape of the membrane deformed predictably to accommodate the walls of the microchambers. Combining this technique with epifluorescence microscopy and quantitative image analyses, we characterized the localization of CL microdomains in response to E. coli membrane curvature. CL microdomains localized to regions of high intrinsic negative curvature imposed by microchambers. We expressed a chimera of yellow fluorescent protein fused to the N-terminal region of MinD—a spatial determinant of E. coli division plane assembly—in spheroplasts and observed its colocalization with CL to regions of large, negative membrane curvature. Interestingly, the distribution of MinD was similar in spheroplasts derived from a CL synthase knockout strain. These studies demonstrate the curvature dependence of CL in membranes and test whether these structures participate in the localization of MinD to regions of negative curvature in cells.
Preface Evaluation and Selection of Free and Open Source Software: a Review and Portfolio Planning Proposal

This preface reviews the importance of and approaches for arriving at an assessment and evaluation of open source projects. It then proposes a solution based on an analysis of their growth rates in several aspects. These include: code base, developer number, bug reports, and downloads. Based on this analysis and assessment, a well-known portfolio planning method, the BCG matrix, is employed for arriving at a very broad classification of open source projects. While this approach naturally results in a loss of detailed information, a top-level categorization is in some domains necessary and of interest.
Building Human Capital for Economic Development in the Arab Countries

This paper explores the effectiveness of education and training programs in providing the human capital needed for economic development in Arab countries. It reviews educational attainment and the pattern of expenditures on education in these countries. Further, it assesses the rate of return on investment in education as well as the impact of education on enhancing technological capacity and reducing unemployment. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a reform strategy that aims to improve the effectiveness of the education system. The components of this strategy include developing monitoring indicators, expanding private sector participation in the provision of educational services, improving internal efficiency, and increasing the flow of information about the educational system. صخلم لاملا سأر ريفوت يف ةيبرعلا لودلا يف ةقبطملا بيردتلا جماربو ميلعتلا مظن ةءافك ىدم ةساردلا هذه شقانت ةيداصتقلاا ةيمنتلا قيقحتل مزلالا يرشبلا . موقت ،لودلا هذه يف ميلعتلا ىلع قافنلإا طمن ضارعتسا نع لاضفو ع دئاعلا لدعم ريدقتو ميلعتلا تازاجنإ ليلحتب ةساردلا ىلع هتاساكعنا كلذكو ،عاطقلا اذه يف رامثتسلاا ىل ةلاطبلا تلادعم ضيفختو ةيجولونكتلا ةقاطلا ميعدت . ةيلعافو ةءافك عفر فدهتست حلاصلإل ةيجيتارتسإ ينبت ةقرولا حرتقت ،قباسلا ليلحتلا ىلإ ادانتساو ميلعتلا ماظن . اهمهأ نم تاءارجلإا نم ةعومجم ةيجيتارتسلإا هذه مضتو : ا ةدايز ؛ةبقارملل تارشؤم ثادحتس تامولعم ريفوت نامض ،اريخأو ؛ةيلخادلا ةءافكلا نيسحت ؛ةيميلعتلا تامدخلا ريفوت يف صاخلا عاطقلا ةكراشم ميلعتلا ماظن لوح ةينآ . ECES WP76/ Ali Abdel Gadir Ali/ Dec. 2002
Oxidative stress is transient and tissue specific during cold acclimation of threespine stickleback

SUMMARY Linkages between cold acclimation and oxidative stress in fishes are unclear and contradictory results have been published. We sought to determine whether oxidative stress occurs during cold acclimation of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and, if so, when it occurs and whether it varies among tissues. Fish were warm (20°C) or cold (8°C) acclimated for 9 weeks, and harvested during acclimation. Oxidative stress was assessed in oxidative and glycolytic muscles and liver by measuring levels of protein carbonyls and glutathione, and the activity and transcript levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Protein carbonyl levels increased in liver after 1 week at 8°C and then decreased after week 4, and remained unchanged in glycolytic and oxidative muscle. Glutathione levels increased in liver on day 3 of cold acclimation and may minimize oxidative stress later during acclimation. When measured at a common temperature, the activity of SOD increased in oxidative and glycolytic muscles on day 2 of cold acclimation, and on day 3 in liver, and remained elevated in all tissues compared with warm-acclimated animals. When measured at the acclimation temperature, the activity of SOD was significantly higher only at week 9 in oxidative muscle of cold-acclimated stickleback compared with warm-acclimated fish, and remained constant in glycolytic muscle and liver. Increased SOD activity in oxidative muscle may be required to prevent oxidative stress brought about by increased mitochondrial density. In both muscle and liver, SOD activity increased independently of an increase in transcript level, suggesting post-translational modifications regulate SOD activity.
Classificação anatômica do frênulo lingual de bebês

Objetivo: analisar os aspectos anatomicos do frenulo lingual de bebes atendidos no Centro de Referencia em Saude Auditiva / CRESA da Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Goias / PUC Goias. Metodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional, analitico, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados bebes entre 1 e 4 meses, de ambos os generos, alimentados no seio materno, sendo excluidos bebes com alteracoes anatomofisiologicas na face, pre ou pos maturidade ou com comprometimento neurologico. Para a classificacao anatomica do frenulo lingual foram analisadas a espessura do frenulo e a sua fixacao na lingua e no assoalho da boca, a partir do "Protocolo de avaliacao do frenulo da lingua com escores para bebes" (MARTINELLI; MARCHESAN; BERRETIN-FELIX, 2013). Resultados: foi possivel visualizar o frenulo em 165 bebes, sendo 104 normais e 61 alterados. Em apenas 1 bebe nao foi possivel visualizar o frenulo. Dentre os frenulos normais, predominou os com fixacao no terco medio e visivel a partir das carunculas sublinguais. Dos frenulos alterados foi mais frequente aqueles com fixacao entre o terco medio e o apice e visivel a partir da crista alveolar inferior. Predominou a espessura delgada. Dos bebes com frenulo alterado, 24 apresentaram succao alterada e, com frenulo normal, 18 apresentaram succao alterada. Conclusao: os frenulos linguais foram classificados em normal e alterado, sendo predominante o frenulo lingual normal e a espessura delgada. A alteracao do frenulo prevaleceu no genero masculino. Bebes com frenulo lingual alterado apresentaram mais chances de alteracao na succao, embora a correlacao entre frenulo e succao tenha sido baixa.
Program Environment Of Universal Many-Core Cluster Motivation

HPC cluster systems because of its powerful computing capabilities in everyday life play an increasingly important role, such as in oil exploration, weather forecasting, bio-computing, it is generally to be programmed using message passing model(MPI). Symmetric multi-processor (SMP) is broadly used, but there is no significant change in programming model, just changing from the original message passing model MPI to a hybrid programming model of MPI and shared memory model of OpenMP or remain unchanged. The reason is that MPI has overhead in shared memory programming thread can share data redundancy, inefficient nodes’ messaging communication but because of the limited size of the SMP nodes, so none of these shortcomings is prominent. In recent years, a trend of the HPC field, more and more supercomputers to start using the accelerator, such as CellBE-based RoadRunner TESLA-based supercomputer system, Clearspeed-based TSUBAME the Grid Cluster. Various acceleration platform because of its rich resources of processor with powerful computing capabilities, such as Nvidia universal media processing architecture CUDA [1], IBM scientific computing research oriented supercomputers Cyclops-64 [2] [3] Cell-BE [4]. The massive data parallelism for parallel programming on HPC clusters brings a great challenge, and currently a most direct way of many-core clusters is a mixed programming model of MPI and a programming model on many-core platform.
The Relationship between Starting Age of Music Instruction and Years of Participation in a String Program outside School.

It is not uncommon for very young children to start music instruction on string instruments. The Suzuki method is based on the ideas that learning music is similar to learning language and that an early start is beneficial for the development of a love for music as well as musicianship. Indeed, the early years in a child’s life are considered critical for the development of certain mental processes and muscle coordination (Suzuki Association of the Americas, n.d.). According to Edwin Gordon’s Music Learning Theory, musical aptitude stabilizes after age nine making the period between birth and age nine the most important for increasing musical potential (Gordon Institute for Music Learning, n.d.). Further support for the idea that it is best to start learning an instrument early comes from the analysis of the biographies of musicians (e.g., Manturzewska). Most professional performers start learning to play their instruments early in their lives. String instruments can fit learners of all ages. The instruments vary in size with the smallest being 1/16 of what is considered a full-sized instrument. This makes it possible for even very young children to play string instruments. In the U.S., it is not uncommon for 4-year-olds to participate in Suzuki instruction (Suzuki Association of the Americas, n.d.). In elementary schools that offer string education, instruction usually starts in the fourth grade (Hartly & Porter; 2009). These practices are all in accordance with the belief that starting early is beneficial for the musical development of children. However, it seems important to consider whether children who start early persist in music instruction. Practicing a musical instrument is a demanding activity that may discourage young learners. In fact, most children who start music instruction discontinue lessons within three years (Waggoner, 2004). Previous studies have examined the relationship between starting age of formal music instruction and years of study (Duke, Flowers & Wolfe, 1997; Hartley, 1996; Hartley & Porter, 2009). Duke et al. (1997) found that students who took more years of piano lessons had started
Dependability Modeling and Analysis for the Virtual Data Center of Cloud Computing

Virtual data center is becoming increasingly popular as the infrastructure of Cloud computing. In order to provide efficient and uninterrupted service, the dependability of the Cloud infrastructure has received extensive attention. But modeling and analysis of dependability of the virtual data center is challenging for the particular characteristics and mechanisms of virtualization. In this paper, we use hierarchical method and develop the hybrid models combining reliability block diagrams and general stochastic Petri nets. Focusing on the two attributes reliability and availability, we give the computation expressions by solving the models. The impact of the characteristics and mechanisms of virtualization such as consolidation backup and live migration on dependability is studied. We analyze the relation between reliability and consolidation ratio, as well as the relation between availability and the workload. In addition, some useful rules are summarized and discussed, which are believed to be helpful to the design and construction of more dependable virtual data center.
Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Transit-Time Optical Stochastic Cooling of Muons

Ultra-fast stochastic cooling would be desirable in certain applications, for example, in order to boost final luminosity in a muon collider or neutrino factory, where short particle lifetimes severely limit the total time available to reduce beam phase space. But fast cooling requires very high-bandwidth amplifiers so as to limit the incoherent heating effects from neighboring particles. A method of transit-time optical stochastic cooling has been proposed which would employ high-gain, high-bandwidth, solid-state lasers to amplify the spontaneous radiation from the charged particle bunch in a strong-field magnetic wiggler. This amplified light is then fed back onto the same bunch inside a second wiggler, with appropriate phase delay to effect cooling. But before amplification, the usable signal from any one particle is quite small, on average much less than one photon per pass, suggesting that the radiation should be treated quantum mechanically, and raising doubts as to whether this weak signal even contains sufficient phase information necessary for cooling, and whether it can be reliably amplified to provide the expected cooling on each pass. A careful examination of the dynamics, where the radiation and amplification processes are treated quantum mechanically, indicates that fast cooling is in principle possible, with cooling rates which essentially agree with classical calculations, provided that the effects of the unavoidable amplifier noise are included. Thus, quantum mechanical uncertainties do not present any insurmountable obstacles to optical cooling, but do establish a lower limit on cooling rates and achievable emittances.
A novel systematic mapping approach for highly efficient multiplexed FIR-filter architectures

A systematic mapping approach leading to efficient VLSI-architectures for FIR-filters with a wide range of system parameters is presented. This approach is subdivided into two steps. In the first step the folding technique is applied at bit-level. The free parameters of this technique are then fixed in the second step according to guidelines which are derived from design-strategies for efficient VLSI-architectures. For many applications this approach leads to a reduced hardware complexity in comparison with state-of-the-art techniques. In addition, regularity and scalability of the resulting architectures keep the design effort small. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and the flexibility of this approach a new class of efficient time-shared FIR-filters for adaptive equalizing and a new class of efficient matched filters for rapid code acquisition in spread spectrum receivers are presented.