Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accepted Manuscript Brain-gut Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Brain-gut Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. All studies published in Gastroenterology are embargoed until 3PM ET of the day they are published as corrected proofs on-line. Studies cannot be publicized as accepted manuscripts or uncorrected proofs. No funding source for this review. Abstract Psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune modulation through the brain-gut axis likely has a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The brain-gut axis involves interactions between the neural components including; a) the autonomic nervous system, b) the central nervous system c) the stress system (hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, HPA) and d) the (i.e. gastro-intestinal) corticotropin-releasing factor system and e) the intestinal response (including the intestinal barrier, the luminal microbiota and the intestinal immune response). Animal models suggest that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway through an anti-TNF effect of the efferent vagus nerve could be a therapeutic target in IBD either through a pharmacological, nutritional or neurostimulating approach. In addition, the psycho-physiological vulnerability of IBD patients, secondary to the potential presence of any of mood disorders, distress, increased perceived stress or maladaptive coping strategies underscores the psychological needs of IBD patients. Clinicians need to address these issues with patients since there is emerging evidence that stress or other negative psychological attributes may impact on disease course. Future research may include exploration of markers of brain-gut interactions, including serum/salivary cortisol (as a marker of the HPA axis), heart rate variability (as a marker of the sympatho-vagal balance) or brain imaging studies. The widespread use and potential impact of complementary and alternative medicine, and positive response to placebo (in clinical trials) is further evidence that exploring other psycho-interventions may be important therapeutic adjuncts to the conventional therapeutic approach in IBD.
THE SIZES AND LUMINOSITIES OF MASSIVE STAR CLUSTERS

The masses of star clusters range over seven decades, from ten up to one hundred million solar masses. Remarkably, clusters with masses in the range 104–106 M☉ show no systematic variation of radius with mass. However, recent observations have shown that clusters with Mcl ≳ 3 × 106 M☉ do show an increase in size with increasing mass. We point out that clusters with Mcl ≳ 106 M☉ were optically thick to far-infrared radiation when they formed, and explore the hypothesis that the size of clusters with Mcl ≳ 3 × 106 M☉ is set by a balance between accretion powered radiation pressure and gravity when the clusters formed, yielding a mass–radius relation rcl ∼ 0.3(Mcl/106 M☉)3/5 pc. We show that the Jeans mass in optically thick objects increases systematically with cluster mass. We argue, by assuming that the break in the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is set by the Jeans mass, that optically thick clusters are born with top heavy IMFs; it follows that they are overluminous compared to optically thin clusters when young, and have a higher mass-to-light ratio ϒV = Mcl/LV when older than ∼1 Gyr. Old, optically thick clusters have ϒV ∼ M0.1−0.3cl. It follows that LV ∼ σβ, where σ is the cluster velocity dispersion, and 3.6 ≲ β ≲ 4.5. It appears that ϒV is an increasing function of cluster mass for compact clusters and ultracompact dwarf galaxies. We show that this is unlikely to be due to the presence of nonbaryonic dark matter, by comparing clusters to Milky Way satellite galaxies, which are dark matter dominated. The satellite galaxies appear to have a fixed mass inside a fiducial radius, M(r = r0) = constant.
Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-D As Outcome Predictors in Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important angiogenic factors in human cancers. Relative to VEGF-C, prognostic significance of VEGF-D expression and its association with HIF-1α expression remain elusive in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We studied expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D using immunohistochemistry in 85 resected ESCC specimens and correlated results with patients' clinicopathologic parameters and survival. Association between expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D was investigated using a concordance analysis. High expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D was observed in 52 (61.2%) and 56 (65.9%) patients, respectively. HIF-1α expression correlated well with tumor stage (P = 0.041), whereas VEGF-D expression correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.027) and N status (P = 0.019). Groups of high HIF-1α and VEGF-D showed worse survivals than those of low expression (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis supported expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D as significant survival predictors (P = 0.044 and 0.035, respectively). A concordance rate of 69.5% was observed between expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D. In conclusion, protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D are independent prognostic predictors. An association between expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-D suggests that these two angiogenic factors are essential in progression of ESCC.
Sum Capacity of Degraded Gaussian Interference Networks

This paper determines the sum-capacity of degraded GaussianK-user interference channels (IFCs). To this end, the paper first develops a family of genie-MAC (mu ltiple access channel) outer bounds for GaussianK-user interference channels. This family is based on existi ng genie-aided bounding mechanisms, but differs from current approaches in its opti mization problem formulation and application. The genie-aided bound (based on [2]) creates a group of genie r ceivers that form multiple access channels (MACs) that can decode a subset of the original IFC’ s messages. The MAC sum-capacity of each of the genie receivers provides an outer bound on the sum of rates for this subset. This genieaided MAC bound is formulated as an optimization problem, wh ose solution is shown to be tight in sum-capacity for the degraded Gaussian K-user IFC. The scheme that achieves sum-capacity is shown to be successive interference cancellation. Next, the paper generalizes its framework to unit-rank inte rfer nce channels where each user is equipped with multiple antennas. Again, the sum-capacity o f the MIMO unit-rank Gaussian IFC is characterized in this paper using a combination of a optimiz ation problem resulting from a genie-aided outer bound and successive interference cancellation as th e ac ievable scheme. The proof in the MIMO case establishes an equivalence between the MIMO unit-rank K-user IFC and a corresponding SISO degradedK-user IFC.
Field Investigation of Vapor‐Phase‐Based Groundwater Monitoring

The use of in‐field analysis of vapor‐phase samples to provide real‐time volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in groundwater has the potential to streamline monitoring by simplifying the sample collection and analysis process. A field validation program was completed to (1) evaluate methods for collection of vapor samples from monitoring wells and (2) evaluate the accuracy and precision of field‐portable instruments for the analysis of vapor‐phase samples. The field program evaluated three vapor‐phase sample collection methods: (1) headspace samples from two locations within the well, (2) passive vapor diffusion (PVD) samplers placed at the screened interval of the well, and (3) field vapor headspace analysis of groundwater samples. Two types of instruments were tested: a field‐portable gas chromatograph (GC) and a photoionization detector (PID). Field GC analysis of PVD samples showed no bias and good correlation to laboratory analysis of groundwater collected by low‐flow sampling (slope = 0.96, R2 = 0.85) and laboratory analysis of passive water diffusion bag samples from the well screen (slope = 1.03; R2 = 0.96). Field GC analysis of well headspace samples, either from the upper portion of the well or at the water‐vapor interface, resulted in higher variability and much poorer correlation (consistently biased low) relative to laboratory analysis of groundwater samples collected by low‐flow sample or passive diffusion bags (PDBs) (slope = 0.69 to 0.76; R2 = 0.60 to 0.64). These results indicate that field analysis of vapor‐phase samples can be used to obtain accurate measurements of VOC concentrations in groundwater. However, vapor samples collected from the well headspace were not in equilibrium with water collected from the well screen. Instead, PVD samplers placed in the screened interval represent the most promising approach for field‐based measurement of groundwater concentrations using vapor monitoring techniques and will be the focus of further field testing.
An Algorithmic Framework to the Optimal Mapping Function by a Radial Basis Function Neural Network

To solve the problem of learning a mapping function from low-level feature space to high-level semantic space. we propose a relevance feedback scheme which is naturally conducted only on the image manifold in question rather than the total ambient space. While images are typically represented by feature vectors, the natural distance is often different from the distance induced by the ambient space. The geodesic distances on manifold are used to measure the similarities between images.Based on user interactions in a relevance feedback driven query-by-example system, the intrinsic similarities between images can be accurately estimated. We then develop an algorithmic framework to approximate the optimal mapping function by a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. The semantics of a new image can be inferred by the RBF neural network. Experimental results show that our approach is effective in improving the performance of content-based image retrieval systems. KeywordsImage Retrieval , Semantic Space, Dimensionality Reduction
The quantification of place of articulation assimilation in electropalatographic data using the similarity index (SI)

The present study is concerned with an electropalatographic (EPG) and acoustic analysis of coarticulatory influences in fricative consonant clusters that span a word boundary. We aimed to test whether, as has been found for other languages and consonant-classes, final consonants are more prone to coarticulatory influences than initial ones, and also whether there is any evidence for a relationship between a consonant's susceptibility to coarticulation and the extent to which it exerts a coarticulatory influence on flanking consonants. We developed an algorithm, the similarity index (SI), which quantifies coarticulation in EPG data by measuring the extent of deviation of consonants in heterorganic clusters from their homorganic counterparts. This algorithm was applied to EPG data recorded from three native speakers of Polish producing word-pairs in a carrier sentence such that word-final and word-initial fricatives occurred across a word-boundary for all 16 possible combinations of the four fricatives []. The same data were analysed acoustically using Bark-scaled cepstral coefficients. The results showed that word-final consonants were more susceptible to coarticulatory influences than were initial ones; and there was some evidence that the alveolopalatal fricative [] was most resistant to coarticulation, and exerted the greatest coarticulatory influences.
Pose graph SLAM-based displacement estimation for a multiple structural displacement monitoring system

In this paper, we employ the graph SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) technique for displacement estimation for a multiple structural displacement monitoring system. A visually servoed paired structured light system (ViSP) was recently proposed as a novel estimation method of the 6-DOF (Degree-Of-Freedom) relative displacement in civil structures. To apply the ViSP to massive structures, multiple ViSP modules should be installed in a cascaded manner. In this configuration, the estimation errors are propagated through the ViSP modules. To address this problem, a displacement estimation error back-propagation (DEEP) method was proposed. However, the DEEP method has some disadvantages. To overcome the limitation of the DEEP method, a pose graph SLAM-based displacement estimation method is proposed. Simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method reduces the propagation errors in comparison with a previous work.
Hepatitis E viruses in humans and animals

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen belonging to a newly recognized family of RNA viruses (Hepeviridae). HEV is an important enterically transmitted human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It can cause sporadic cases as well as large epidemics of acute hepatitis. Epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with HEV of human origin. There is increasing evidence, however, that many animal species are infected with an antigenically similar virus. A recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonotic form of hepatitis E. The virus is serologically cross-reactive with human HEV and genetically very similar, and the human and swine strains seem to be cross-infective. Very recent evidence has also shown that swine HEV, and possibly a deer strain of HEV, can be transmitted to humans by consumption of contaminated meat. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of human HEV, swine HEV, the related avian HEV and HEV in other hosts and potential reservoirs.
A Construction Method of QC-LDPC Codes without Short Cycles

Low-density Parity-check (LDPC) coding is a class of advanced channel coding techniques. To improve the performance of LDPC codes, a simple and effective method to construct QC-LDPC codes without short cycles (cycles of length four and six) is proposed. The approach is especially effective when the parity-check matrix of QC-LDPC codes is composed of circulant permutation matrices. Firstly, we analyze the shapes of the cycles in the exponent matrix, to get the required conditions of no four-cycles and six-cycles. Then we show how to construct the parity-check matrix without four-cycles and six-cycles by filling rows of the exponent matrix with arithmetic sequences. Simulation results show that the proposed codes have better performance than array codes. Though the performance of the proposed codes is not as well as random codes at higher Eb/N0, they can be applied to practical communications because of being encoded in linear time with shift registers.
Character Identification on Multiparty Conversation: Identifying Mentions of Characters in TV Shows

This paper introduces a subtask of entity linking, called character identiﬁcation, that maps mentions in multiparty conversation to their referent characters. Transcripts of TV shows are collected as the sources of our corpus and automatically annotated with mentions by linguistically-motivated rules. These mentions are manually linked to their referents through crowdsourcing. Our corpus comprises 543 scenes from two TV shows, and shows the inter-annotator agreement of κ = 79.96. For statistical modeling, this task is reformulated as coreference resolution, and experimented with a state-of-the-art system on our corpus. Our best model gives a purity score of 69.21 on average, which is promising given the challenging nature of this task and our corpus.
Higher string topology operations

Chas and Sullivan have defined an intersection-type product on the homology of the free loop space LM of an oriented manifold M. In this paper we show how to extend this construction to a topological conformal field theory of degree d. In particular, we get operations on the homology of LM which are parameterized by the homology of the moduli space of open-closed Riemann surfaces.
Sustainability managers or rogue mid‐managers?

Purpose – This paper aims to look into the motivations of managers to commit their time and energies to look at environmental, social, and ethical issues. In short, this research set out to answer the following research questions: What are the different types of change agents for sustainability, in terms of their existential needs? What are the motivations and frustrations faced by sustainability managers as change agents? and How are the motivations and frustrations of sustainability managers framed by the sources of meaning in their life and work? Design/methodology/approach – As the research is still at an exploratory stage, a qualitative methodology was adopted. This methodology was also appropriate for the purpose of this research, which was focused on studying how meaning emerges and changes in situated organizational settings. The authors were engaged in 27 value‐laden semi‐structured interviews where they were looking to build a close relationship between the researcher and what was studied. The in.
Quasi-Birth-and-Death Processes with Rational Arrival Process Components

This paper introduces the concept of a Quasi-Birth-and-Death process (QBD) with Rational Arrival Process (RAP) components. We use the physical interpretation of the prediction process of the RAP, developed by Asmussen and Bladt, and develop an analysis that parallels the analysis of a traditional QBD. Further, we present an algorithm for the numerical evaluation of the matrix G. As an example, we consider two queues where the arrival process and the sequence of service times are taken from two dependent RAPs, that are not Markovian Arrival Processes.
The influence of national culture on entrepreneurial processes

The focus of this research is on understanding the influence that national culture could have on entrepreneurial processes. The aim is to find out whether novice entrepreneurs in two different countries have different approaches towards entrepreneurial processes. The method of causation and effectuation developed by Saras D. Sarasvathy is the leitmotiv in this research, combined with theory on national culture. When entrepreneurs use causational reasoning, they take a certain effect as given and focus on selecting means to create a particular effect, whereas when entrepreneurs use effectual reasoning, they start with a given set of means and allow objectives to emerge over time from the varied imagination and diverse aspirations of the entrepreneurs. With the last approach the interaction with other people is also important and could have influence. Although entrepreneurship has gotten more attention over time, the focus of entrepreneurial research has always been on economical causes and elements and the influence of culture has been a less researched subject. The last decades economies have become global and opportunities that cross boarders keep increasing. That makes it important to know how entrepreneurs from different countries think and react. A possible influence on entrepreneurial differences between countries could be the underlying cultural values. Culture provides a communally held set of customs and meanings, many of which are adopted by an individual, becoming part of personality and influencing interaction with all facets of the environment. Because entrepreneurs grow up within a social background these cultural values should have an influence on their processes. Within this research a comparison between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is done. The research is based upon the cultural values and the entrepreneurial processes that entrepreneurs apply. The national cultures of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are conceptualized by means of the cultural dimensions defined by the scientist Hofstede. His original values are used and the participating entrepreneurs are asked to fill out a questionnaire to see if differences exist. The data on the entrepreneurial processes is gathered through a case. This case is executed by all the participating entrepreneurs through a think aloud protocol. The use of the think aloud protocol means that the participating entrepreneurs keeps talking out loud while executing the case. In this way the best insight in their thinking process should be acquired. Furthermore all the participating entrepreneurs are asked to fill out a survey to test the dimensionality of causation and effectuation. Because the Dutch and British cultures are much alike it is hard to find solid evidence for an influence of culture on effectual entrepreneurship. Only three out of fourteen elements showed a significant difference. Although there are implications for an influence of entrepreneurship hard evidence could not be delivered.
Phonological short-term memory and vocabulary development: Further evidence on the nature of the relationship.

The nature and generality of the developmental association between phonological short-term memory and vocabulary knowledge was explored in two studies. Study 1 investigated whether the link between vocabulary and verbal memory arises from the requirement to articulate memory items at recall or from earlier processes involved in the encoding and storage of the verbal material. Four-year-old children were tested on immediate memory measures which required either spoken recall (nonword repetition and digit span) or recognition of a sequence of nonwords. The phonological memory-vocabulary association was found to be as strong for the serial recognition as recall-based measures, favouring the view that it is phonological short-term memory capacity rather than speech output skills which constrain word learning. In Study 2, the association between phonological memory skills and vocabulary knowledge was found to be strong in teenaged as well as younger children, indicating that phonological memory constraints on word learning remain significant throughout childhood.
Introducing the photometric maximum likelihood method: galaxy luminosity functions at z < 1.2 in MUSYC-ECDFS

We present a new maximum likelihood method for the calculation of galaxy luminosity functions (LFs) from multiband photometric surveys without spectroscopic data. The method evaluates the likelihood of a trial LF by directly comparing the predicted distribution of fluxes in a multidimensional photometric space to the observations, and thus does not require the intermediate step of calculating photometric redshifts. We apply this algorithm to ∼27 000 galaxies with m R ≤ 25 in MUSYC-ECDFS, with a focus on recovering the LF of field galaxies at z < 1.2. Our deepest LFs reach M r ≈ ―14 and show that the field galaxy LF deviates from a Schechter function, exhibiting a steep upturn at intermediate magnitudes that is due to galaxies of late spectral types.
POS Tagging of Hindi-English Code Mixed Text from Social Media: Some Machine Learning Experiments

We discuss Part-of-Speech(POS) tagging of Hindi-English Code-Mixed(CM) text from social media content. We propose extensions to the existing approaches, we also present a new feature set which addresses the transliteration problem inherent in social media. We achieve an 84% accuracy with the new feature set. We show that the context and joint modelling of language detection and POS tag layers do not help in POS tagging.