Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geological control of physical and chemical hydrology in California vernal pools

Vernal pools are small depressional wetlands found in seasonal climates throughout the world. In California, they are among the few ecosystems still dominated by native flora and are critical habitat for numerous endemic and rare species. In this study, we show that geology is a dominant control on the physical and chemical hydrology of contrasting vernal pools on clay-rich and hardpan soils, the two most common types of vernal pools in the Central Valley, California. The vernal pools on clay-rich soils formed on alluvium derived primarily from sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of marine origin and deposited in relatively low-gradient environments. The clay-rich soils are fine grained and moderately to strongly saline and sodic. The vernal pools on clay-rich soils are perched surface-water systems in which surface waters are relatively saline, sodic, and turbid and in which primary productivity may be nitrogen and light limited. The vernal pools on hardpan soils formed on alluvium derived primarily from coarse-grained igneous rocks and deposited in relatively high-gradient environments. Surface soils are coarse grained and underlain by a clay-rich argillic horizon and a silica- and iron-cemented duripan. The vernal pools on hardpan soils are surface-water and perched ground-water systems in which surface waters are relatively fresh and non-turbid and in which primary productivity may be phosphorus limited. While surficially similar, these vernal pools differ in their physical and chemical hydrology, and therefore should be treated differently in resource conservation, restoration, and management efforts.
A new high-resolution elevation model of Greenland derived from TanDEM-X

In this paper we present for the first time the new digital elevation model (DEM) for Greenland produced by the TanDEM-X (TerraSAR add-on for digital elevation measurement) mission. The new, full coverage DEM of Greenland has a resolution of 0.4 arc seconds corresponding to 12 m. It is composed of more than 7.000 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) DEM scenes. X-Band SAR penetrates the snow and ice pack by several meters depending on the structures within the snow, the acquisition parameters, and the dielectricity constant of the medium. Hence, the resulting SAR measurements do not represent the surface but the elevation of the mean phase center of the backscattered signal. Special adaptations on the nominal TanDEM-X DEM generation are conducted to maintain these characteristics and not to raise or even deform the DEM to surface reference data. For the block adjustment, only on the outer coastal regions ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) elevations as ground control points (GCPs) are used where mostly rock and surface scattering predominates. Comparisons with ICESat data and snow facies are performed. In the inner ice and snow pack, the final X-Band InSAR DEM of Greenland lies up to 10 m below the ICESat measurements. At the outer coastal regions it corresponds well with the GCPs. The resulting DEM is outstanding due to its resolution, accuracy and full coverage. It provides a high resolution dataset as basis for research on climate change in the arctic.
Double-application of platelet-rich plasma on bone healing in rabbits

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is considered to enhance bone formation especially at early stages of wound healing, depending on the limited and short life-span of platelets and growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of double-application of PRP (DA-PRP) on bone healing in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Study design: Twenty-eight rabbits, each had two surgically prepared calvarial bone defects (10mm diameter), were included in this study and randomly divided into six groups. Defects (n=56) were treated with single-application of PRP (SA-PRP)(n=10), SA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (SA-PRP+TCP)(n=10), DA-PRP (n=8), DA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (DA-PRP+TCP)(n=8), beta-tricalciumphosphate (TCP)(n=10) or left empty (Control)(n=10). Animals were sacrificed at 30 days postoperatively. Results: The new bone (NB%) and defect fill (DF%) percentages were calculated from histological slides by image-analyzer software and statistically analysed. All test groups showed higher NB% than control, but differences among all groups were insignificant. The TCP treated groups had significantly higher DF% than groups treated without TCP, however the DF% differences between control, SA-PRP and DA-PRP or TCP, SA-PRP+TCP or DA-PRP+TCP were insignificant. Conclusion: Although new bone formation was histomorphologically remarkable at double-application PRP groups, statistical analyses of the histomorphometric data revealed no significant difference. Key words: Platelet-Rich Plasma, double application, bone formation, wound healing.
Leader Profiles and Their Effectiveness on Employees’ Outcomes

An underlying premise of the transformational–transactional leadership theory is that different forms of leadership can reside simultaneously within the same individual. This fundamental hypothesis has received scarce attention in the empirical literature. The objectives of this study are thus to examine whether leader profiles combining these leadership forms do exist and to evaluate how these profiles are associated with specific employee attitudes and behaviors. Results obtained from two different samples using cluster analyses revealed six different leader profiles (i.e., superleaders, transactors, moderate leaders, distant-visionary, distant-rewarding, and distant-punitive leaders). Our results showed that these types of leaders differ in terms of employees’ perceptions of trust, justice, and commitment, as well as supervisor-rated in-role and contextual performance. Results and implications for research and practice are discussed.
CYP 2D6* 4 polymorphism in Polycythemia vera patients in Turkish population

Studies have shown the association of susceptibility to several cancers with gene encoding enzymes' polymorphisms which engage in xenobiotics' biotransformation. In this study, our main motivation is to determine the relation between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6* 4 polymorphisms and Polycythemia vera (PV) incidence in Turkish population. When patients and controls were compared in terms of CYP 2D6* 4 poor metabolizer (PM) and heterozygous extensive metabolizer (HEM) genotype frequency, it has been found that the patients have 1.35% PM and 32.43% HEM frequency, and controls have 2.63% PM and 21.05% HEM frequency. The correlation between the results of CYP 2D6 genotype analysis and the risk of disease in patients and controls was examined. We found that PM, HEM and extensive metabolizer (EM) genotypes were unrelated with the risk of PV (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.04–5.71, OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.86–3.75, χ2 1.93, P: 0.164, OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.30–1.24, χ2 1.40, P: 0.235). Our results suggested that the CYP 2D6* 4 polymorphism, in the studied population, does not play an important role in PV etiology.
SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, MAGNETIC PROPERTY, AND N2-GAS-ADSORPTION PROPERTY OF DINUCLEAR COPPER(II) 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYBENZOATE

Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:JA;} Copper(II) 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, [Cu 2 (3,4,5-(CH 3 O) 3 C 6 H 2 CO 2 ) 4 (CH 3 OH) 2 ]·2DMF, was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and UV-vis spectra and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities (4.5—300 K). The crystal structure was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 ( _ ) with a = 8.2110(13) A, b = 13.181(2) A, c = 13.409(2) A, α = 97.967(3)°, β = 102.378(3)°, γ = 105.009(3)°, V = 1339.8(4) A 3 , D x = 1.465 g/cm 3 , and Z = 1. The R 1 [ I > 2σ( I )] and wR 2 (all data) values are 0.0363 and 0.0816, respectively, for all 5991 independent reflections. The crystal contains crystallographically centrosymmetric dinuclear molecule with axial methanol molecules and crystal DMF molecules [Cu···Cu 2.6190(6) A]. Magnetic susceptibility data show a considerable antiferromagnetic interaction between the two copper(II) ions (2 J = –292 cm –1 ). Gas-adsorption behavior was investigated for N 2 .
Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems

C R E I G H T O N M . L I T T O N *, J A M E S W. R A I C H w and M I C H A E L G . R YA N z§ *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, wDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA, zUSDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, § Affiliate Faculty in Department of Forest Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Factors Associated with the Production of Word of Mouth

Factors that occur before word-of-mouth (WOM) production are examined, using an influential typology established by Mangold et al. (1999). We conduct two surveys, each covering four service categories, and measure the factors associated with both positive and negative word of mouth. We ask respondents to report on both giving and receiving word of mouth. This approach allows us to address three frequency-related concerns about WOM. The first concern is to supply an accurate survey-based count of word-of-mouth antecedents, which will assist those making marketing decisions and formulating advertising strategies. The second use of our results is to build knowledge about WOM factors in a way that assists understanding of the nature of word of mouth. We find limited variation in the frequency of WOM factors by service category. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction have equal frequency in the production of WOM about services and, more generally, the frequencies of the antecedents of positive and negative WOM on services are similar. There is also little difference between the frequencies measured for factors associated with giving WOM and those related to receiving WOM. A third concern has been the practice of deriving frequencies from qualitative reports, as was done by Mangold et al. (1999). Comparing their results with our own, we find substantial differences, which have implications for market research practice. One explanation for these differences is that retrieval bias operates more strongly in qualitative work than in surveys.
Prognostic factors in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in the rituximab era

To assess the effect of rituximab therapy and other prognostic factors on overall survival in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation, 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with PTLD between 1999 and 2002 were analyzed. Fifteen (50%) patients received rituximab (375 mg/m2 once a week). Fifteen (50%) patients had other interventions including observation, immunosuppression reduction, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of these. Patients receiving rituximab vs. non-rituximab differed in the following variables: age at diagnosis of PTLD (P = 0.009), days to PTLD (P = 0.0005), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization status (P = 0.02) and CD20-positive status (P = 0.006). At the time of last follow-up, 10 (33%) patients in the rituximab group and 5 (17%) in the non-rituximab group were alive. On univariate analysis for overall survival of all 30 patients, the significant factors were: treatment with rituximab (P = 0.03), response to treatment (P = 0.005), CD20 positive (P = 0.0004), low international prognostic index (IPI; P = 0.02) and good performance status (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis of all patients was significant for CD20-positive status (P = 0.0007) and low performance status (P = 0.006). On multivariate analysis for overall survival in patients with CD20-positive PTLD, low IPI (P = 0.004) and rituximab therapy (P = 0.03) were significant. Low IPI and rituximab therapy led to an improved overall survival in patients with CD20-positive PTLD.
Trajectory Tracking, Pose Regulation and Adaptive Formation Control of a Group of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots

Abstract In this paper the formation and trajectory tracking control problem for multi-agent systems is presented. Initially, a control strategy for a group of holonomic robots is proposed. The proposed control is extended to the nonholonomic case. The control scheme is based on potential functions which make possible the design of decentralized formation control scheme while avoiding agents collisions. The trajectory tracking is achieved defining leaders which attract the formation to a desired trajectory. Furthermore, if at least two leaders are defined, the formation orientation tends to a desired pose (for the planar case). Assuming that the communication graph is always connected, a stability analysis using Lyapunov theory ensures the minimization of the potential function and the trajectory tracking. The control strategies are verified by simulation.
Knowledge Management Applied to Software Testing: A Systematic Mapping

With the growth of data from several different sources of knowledge within an organization, it becomes necessary to provide computerized support for tasks of acquiring, processing, analyzing and disseminating knowledge. In the software process, testing is a critical factor for product quality, and thus there is an increasing concern in how to improve the accomplishment of this task. In software testing, finding relevant knowledge to reuse can be a difficult and complex task, due to the lack of a strategy to represent or to associate semantics to a large volume of test data, including test cases, testing techniques to be applied and so on. This paper aims to investigate, through a Systematic Mapping of the Literature, some aspects associated with applying Knowledge Management to Software Testing.
Predicting Emotions in User-Generated Videos

User-generated video collections are expanding rapidly in recent years, and systems for automatic analysis of these collections are in high demands. While extensive research efforts have been devoted to recognizing semantics like "birthday party" and "skiing", little attempts have been made to understand the emotions carried by the videos, e.g., "joy" and "sadness". In this paper, we propose a comprehensive computational framework for predicting emotions in user-generated videos. We first introduce a rigorously designed dataset collected from popular video-sharing websites with manual annotations, which can serve as a valuable benchmark for future research. A large set of features are extracted from this dataset, ranging from popular low-level visual descriptors, audio features, to high-level semantic attributes. Results of a comprehensive set of experiments indicate that combining multiple types of features---such as the joint use of the audio and visual clues---is important, and attribute features such as those containing sentiment-level semantics are very effective.
Semi-supervised bootstrapping approach for neural network feature extractor training

This paper presents bootstrapping approach for neural network training. The neural networks serve as bottle-neck feature extractor for subsequent GMM-HMM recognizer. The recognizer is also used for transcription and confidence assignment of untranscribed data. Based on the confidence, segments are selected and mixed with supervised data and new NNs are trained. With this approach, it is possible to recover 40-55% of the difference between partially and fully transcribed data (3 to 5% absolute improvement over NN trained on supervised data only). Using 70-85% of automatically transcribed segments with the highest confidence was found optimal to achieve this result.
On age differences in processing variability and scanning speed.

This investigation examined adult age differences on a recognition memory taks for order information. Experiment 1 consisted of a modified memory-scanning task in which a memory set of four letters was presented in boxes. Subjects judged whether a subsequent probe letter was or was not transposed from its original presentation position. One block of primary memory trials (i.e., no distractor task) and one block of secondary memory trials (i.e., a 10-second distractor task) were used. Experiment 2 used basically the same task, except both blocks of trials were primary memory tasks, and acoustic similarity was manipulated. A processing variability model predicted that both experiments should show distance effects (i.e., transposing letters a distance of one box should result in more errors and/or longer reaction times than a transposition of two, or three boxes) for both right and left transposition directions. However, a generalized slowing model predicted that distance effects should only occur for left transpositions (because of left-to-right scanning order). The present data supported the processing variability model but not the generalized slowing model.
Inter-annual variation in primary production of a semi-arid grassland related to previous-year production

Mean annual precipitation accounts for a large proportion of the variation in mean above-ground net primary production (ANPP) of grasslands worldwide. However, the inter-annual variation in production in any grassland site is only loosely correlated with precipitation. The longest record of variation in production and precipitation for a site corre- sponds to a shortgrass steppe in Colorado, USA. A previous study of this record showed that current-year precipitation accounted for 39% of the inter-annual variation in ANPP. In this note, we show that ca. one third of the unexplained variation is related to previous-year ANPP: ANPP per mm of precipitation was higher in years preceded by wet, more productive years than in years preceded by average years; similarly, ANPP per mm of precipitation was lower in years preceded by dry, less productive years than in years preceded by average years. Since previous-year ANPP was, in turn, associated with precipitation of a year before, current-year ANPP was also explained by precipitation of two previous years. Our finding not only in- creases our predictive ability, but it also changes our under- standing of how ANPP responds to fluctuations in precipitation. If ANPP is thought to vary according to current-year precipita- tion only, it will simply track annual precipitation in time. According to this new result, however, ANPP fluctuations are buffered if wet, more productive years alternate with dry, less productive years, and they are amplified if wet or dry se- quences of several years take place.
Study of palmar dermatoglyphics in vitiligo and normal individuals

Background & Objective: Vitiligo is a common idiopathic & hereditary disease characterized by one or more patches of de-pigmented skin due to degeneration or disappearance of cutaneous melanocytes. Variations in dermatoglyphic pattern are noted in many genetic & hereditary disorders. Altered dermatoglyphics pattern is well established as a diagnostic aid in such disorders. Early diagnosis is also possible. Therefore this Study was conducted to analyse dermatoglyphic patterns in Vitiligo cases & their deviations from normal individuals & to find out any existence of specific dermatoglyphic pattern in Vitiligo cases. Method: Study conducted across 100 Vitiligo cases and 100 normal individuals. Finger tips and palmar prints were studied. Result: Finger tips pattern of Vitiligo males showed increased loop patterns on 2 nd , 3 rd & 4 th finger tips of both hands. There is an overall highly significant diminution in whorl pattern in hands of males. Arch pattern is shown in all finger tips of female cases exceedingly . The main line formula evidenced in Vitiligo cases is 7 6 5' & while as reference sample 11 9 7 in both sexes. Distal displacement of axial triradius is increased significantly in left hands of female cases. ATD angle is reduced significantly in male vitiligo cases. Classical distribution formula for palmar pattern frequency is altered as the pattern frequency is increased in hypothenar & ID2 of right hands of vitiligo males while as hypothenar & ID1 in right hands of vitiligo females. Conclusion: Deviations in dermatoglyphic pattern might be a marker for individual diagnosis of vitiligo & a simple & inexpensive means to determine the disease which have hereditary background & can be employed as a method for screening Vitiligo.
Circulating Microparticles From Patients With Myocardial Infarction Cause Endothelial Dysfunction

Background—Shed membrane microparticles circulate in the peripheral blood of nonischemic (NI) patients and patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated whether or not these microparticles would affect endothelium-dependent responses. Methods and Results—Rat aortic rings with endothelium were exposed for 24 hours to circulating microparticles isolated from 7 patients with NI syndromes and 19 patients with acute MI. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were not affected by high concentrations of microparticles from NI patients (P =0.80). However, significant impairment was observed in preparations exposed to microparticles from patients with MI at low and high concentrations, corresponding to 0.7-fold and 2-fold circulating plasma levels (P =0.05 and 0.001, respectively). Impairment was not affected by diclofenac (P =0.47), nor by the cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn(III)tetra(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (P =0.33), but it was abolished by endothelium removal or by N&ohgr;monomethyl-l-arginine. Relaxations to the calcium ionophore ionomycin were decreased in rings exposed to microparticles from MI patients (P =0.05 and 0.009 for low and high concentrations, respectively), but microparticles from NI patients had no effect (P =0.81). Finally, high concentrations of microparticles from MI patients affected neither endothelium-independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (P =0.59) nor expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P =0.43). Conclusions—Circulating microparticles from patients with MI selectively impair the endothelial nitric oxide transduction pathway and, therefore, could contribute to the general vasomotor dysfunction observed after MI, even in angiographically normal arteries.
Numerical Research on Flow Characteristics around a Hydraulic Turbine Runner at Small Opening of Cylindrical Valve

We use the continuity equation and the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations to study the flow-pattern characteristics around a turbine runner for the small-opening cylindrical valve of a hydraulic turbine. For closure, we adopt the renormalization-group k-e two-equation turbulence model and use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT to numerically simulate the three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow through the entire passage of the hydraulic turbine. The results show that a low-pressure zone develops around the runner blades when the cylindrical valve is closed in a small opening; cavitation occurs at the blades, and a vortex appears at the outlet of the runner. As the cylindrical valve is gradually closed, the flow velocity over the runner area increases, and the pressure gradient becomes more significant as the discharge decreases. In addition, the fluid flow velocity is relatively high between the lower end of the cylindrical valve and the base, so that a high-velocity jet is easily induced. The calculation and analysis provide a theoretical basis for improving the performance of cylindrical-valve operating systems.