Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geology, Geochemistry and Chromite Mineralization Potential of the Amnay Ophiolitic Complex, Mindoro, Philippines

The Amnay Ophiolitic Complex in Mindoro, the Philippines, is considered an emplaced Cenozoic South China Sea oceanic lithosphere as a result of the collision between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine mobile belt. Middle Oligocene sedimentary rocks intercalated with dominantly MORB‐like pillow lavas and volcanic flows suggest the generation of this ophiolite complex in an intermediate spreading ridge within a back‐arc basin setting. The volcanic rock suite geochemistry also manifests a slab component suggesting that it is a supra‐subduction zone ophiolite. Petrography of the gabbros shows a plagioclase‐clinopyroxene crystallization order consistent with a back‐arc basin setting. Spinel and pyroxene geochemistry shows that the lherzolites and aluminous‐spinel harzburgites are products of low degrees of partial melting. The chromitites hosted by the harzburgites could have not been associated with the MORB‐like volcanic suites, gabbros, lherzolites and aluminous‐spinel harzburgites. The chromitites are products of mantle sources that have undergone higher degrees of partial melting that would have involved the presence of water. The study of this ophiolitic complex gives us a glimpse of the characteristics of the South China Sea.
Structural transitions and dynamical regimes for directional locking of vortices and colloids driven over periodic substrates

We examine collective dynamical locking effects for superconducting vortices and colloids interacting with square and triangular substrate arrays under a slowly rotated dc drive. A rich variety of lattice configurations associated with a series of steps in the velocity–force curves occur during the locking transitions. These include triangular, square, smectic, and disordered particle arrangements that can be identified using the structure factor. We show that the step widths vary with the ratio of the number of particles to the number of pinning sites. Unlike a static system, where matching effects occur at simple integer commensuration ratios, we find dynamical commensuration effects that arise when an integer number of particle chains flow between rows of pins. We identify two distinct types of locking as a function of substrate strength, distinguished by whether the particles flow along or between the pinning rows.
Retinex Algorithm on Changing Scales for Haze Removal with Depth Map

In order to improve the traffic visibility in haze weathers, a Retinex algorithm based on the changing scale for haze removal with a depth map is proposed. It requires the haze image dark channel prior treatment to obtain the estimated depth map. Then it is according to the depth map to calculate Retinex scales for different parts of a hazy image. Finally a single scale Retinex transform is performed for each part of the image. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the traffic visibility of hazy images without halo phenomena. Compared with the existing multi-scale Retinex algorithm MSR, it has the higher speed and better enhancement effect for the images that have greatly different scene depths.
A Novel Multi-Block Tone Reservation Scheme for PAPR Reduction in OQAM-OFDM Systems

Due to the overlapping structure of the offset quadrature amplitude modulation-based orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OQAM-OFDM) signals, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OQAM-OFDM systems cannot be efficiently reduced by existing PAPR reduction methods, which independently consider the PAPR reduction in each data block. In this paper, a novel multiblock tone reservation (MB-TR ) scheme is proposed for the PAPR reduction in OQAM-OFDM systems. The key idea of the MB-TR scheme is to exploit the overlapping structure of the OQAM-OFDM signals and jointly consider the adjacent data blocks to obtain the clipping noise. To effectively eliminate the peaks of the OQAM-OFDM signals, the MB-TR scheme generates the peak-canceling signal by employing the weighted least square algorithm to fit the waveform of the peak-canceling signal to the waveform of clipping noise. Simulation results and analysis show that the MB-TR scheme could offer better PAPR reduction with lower computational complexity than the clipping control tone reservation scheme directly employed in OQAM-OFDM systems.
Robust Adaptive Trimming for High-Resolution Direction Finding

The presence of impulsive noise can severely degrade the accuracy performance of conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms, such as MUSIC and ESPIRIT. We propose a two-stage robust adaptive trimming approach. We first apply Shapiro-Wilk's goodness-of-fit W test for Gaussianity, as a preprocessing stage. We then robustly estimate the covariance matrix in order to minimize the impact of impulsive noise on conventional DOA estimation algorithms. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed approach for high resolution direction finding in highly-impulsive environments.
Application of a three‐dimensional turbulence energy model to the determination of tidal currents on the northwest European Shelf

A three-dimensional turbulence energy tidal model, employing a sigma coordinate system through the vertical with a logarithmic type transformation to enhance near bed resolution, is used to examine M2 tidal currents on the European Continental Shelf. A no slip bottom boundary condition is applied in the model and vertical eddy viscosity is computed from a turbulence energy closure scheme. Comparisons of observed and computed current profiles, determined using the present model and an earlier model employing a spectral representation (Davies 1986) in the vertical, and a slip bottom boundary condition are made. In this spectral model a simple relationship between eddy viscosity and depth mean current was employed. These comparisons of current profile suggest that above the near bed layer the spectral model can reproduce tidal currents with a comparable accuracy to that of the present turbulence energy model. However, in the near bed region the turbulence energy model is significantly more accurate. Computed spatial distributions of current magnitude, turbulence energy intensity, and eddy viscosity show similar distributions over the model region, suggesting that a relationship between eddy viscosity and current intensity (the form used in the spectral model) is a valid alternative to using a turbulence energy model. Turbulence energy intensity, in particular, exhibits significant spatial variations both horizontally and vertically, with surface contours of turbulence corresponding to known positions of tidal fronts.
Laboratory Study of CO2 Migration in Water-Saturated Anisotropic Sandstone, based on P-Wave Velocity Imaging

We measured the changes in P-wave velocity that occur when injecting CO2 in gaseous, liquid, and supercritical phases into water-saturated anisotropic sandstones. P-wave velocities were measured in two cylindrical samples of Tako Sandstone, drilled along directions normal and parallel to the bedding plane, using a piezo-electric transducer array system. The velocity changes caused by CO2 injection are typically -6% on average, with maximum values about -16% for the case of supercritical CO2 injection. P-wave velocity tomograms obtained by the differential arrival-time method clearly show that CO2 migration behaviour is more complex when CO2 flows normal to the bedding plane than when it flows parallel to bedding. We also found that the differences in P-wave velocity images were associated both with the CO2 phases and with heterogeneity of pore distribution in the rocks. Seismic images showed that the highest velocity reduction occurred for supercritical CO2 injection, compared with gaseous or liquid CO2 injection. This result may justify the use of the seismic method for CO2 monitoring in geological sequestration.
Predicting parental sunscreen use: Disentangling the role of action planning in the intention–behavior relationship

Structural equation modeling was used to examine antecedents of parental sunscreen use (N = 436) in a longitudinal design. The influence of a volitional planning cognition was assessed in several path models, investigating potential mediation and moderation of the intention–behavior relationship. Premotivational and motivational variables accounted for 55.1% of the variance in intention to use sunscreen. Intention emerged as the most powerful predictor of behavior, followed by action planning and self-efficacy expectations, together explaining 35.4% of parental sunscreen use after five months. Strong support was found for both mediating and moderating influences of action planning on the intention–behavior relationship. Action planning also partially mediated the impact of self-efficacy on behavior. The results support theoretical considerations to add postintentional cognitions to current health behavior models. Although action planning is an important component in the transition from intention to behavior, the impact of intention and of other premotivational and motivational variables should not be overlooked when developing health educational interventions.
Melatonin and RZR/ROR receptor ligand CGP 52608 induce apoptosis in the murine colonic cancer

The effects of melatonin and the thiazolinidinedione derivative CGP 52608 on apoptosis of Colon 38 cancer cells were investigated. Male mice were implanted subcutaneously with a suspension of Colon 38 cells. Ten days after induction of tumors, the animals were treated with melatonin or CGP 52608. Both substances were given in subcutaneous injections in daily doses of 10 or 100 μg in the evening for 6 days. The control group received solvent. The apoptotic cells were visualized in paraffin sections by means of the transferase‐mediated dUTPnick end‐labeling method. Both treatments increased significantly and to the same degree the number of apoptotic cells in tumors. This finding confirms our earlier observation that melatonin exerts a pro‐apoptotic effect on murine colonic cancer cells. Moreover, because CGP 52608 is a ligand of RZR/ROR receptors and the latter are considered by some investigators as nuclear binding sites for melatonin, our data suggest the involvement of these receptors in the pro‐apoptotic effect of melatonin.
Promotion of Wakefulness and Energy Expenditure by Orexin-A in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and the orexin/hypocretin neuronal system are key regulators of sleep onset, transitions between vigilance states, and energy homeostasis. Reciprocal projections exist between the VLPO and orexin/hypocretin neurons. Although the importance of the VLPO to sleep regulation is clear, it is unknown whether VLPO neurons are involved in energy balance. The purpose of these studies was to determine if the VLPO is a site of action for orexin-A, and which orexin receptor subtype(s) would mediate these effects of orexin-A. We hypothesized that orexin-A in the VLPO modulates behaviors (sleep and wakefulness, feeding, spontaneous physical activity [SPA]) to increase energy expenditure. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS Sleep, wakefulness, SPA, feeding, and energy expenditure were determined after orexin-A microinjection in the VLPO of male Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral cannulae targeting the VLPO. We also tested whether pretreatment with a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA, TCS-1102) or an OX2R antagonist (JNJ-10397049) blocked the effects of orexin-A on the sleep/wake cycle or SPA, respectively. RESULTS Orexin-A injected into the VLPO significantly increased wakefulness, SPA, and energy expenditure (SPA-induced and total) and reduced NREM sleep and REM sleep with no effect on food intake. Pretreatment with DORA blocked the increase in wakefulness and the reduction in NREM sleep elicited by orexin-A, and the OX2R antagonist reduced SPA stimulated by orexin-A. CONCLUSIONS These data show the ventrolateral preoptic area is a site of action for orexin-A, which may promote negative energy balance by modulating sleep/wakefulness and stimulating spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure.
Topographic control of periglacial slope covers, Ślęża Massif, southwest Poland: a statistical approach

The slopes of Mt Ślęża, southwest Poland, are covered by debris covers that consist of gabbro blocks. Six classes of slope covers have been distinguished based on the concentration of blocks. A map of slope covers has been digitized and the following parameters have been defined: (i) concentration of blocks on the slope, (ii) slope inclination, (iii) altitude, and (iv) aspect. The concentration of blocks has no correlation with either aspect or altitude. Instead, a dependence upon slope inclination is found. This suggests that slopewash explains the distribution of blocks on the present surface. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gateway discovery algorithm based on multiple QoS path parameters between mobile node and gateway node

Several gateway selection schemes have been proposed that select gateway nodes based on a single Quality of Service (QoS) path parameter, for instance path availability period, link capacity or end-to-end delay, etc. or on multiple non-QoS parameters, for instance the combination of gateway node speed, residual energy, and number of hops, for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs). Each scheme just focuses on the ment of improve only a single network performance, i.e., network throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, or packet drop ratio. However, none of these schemes improves the overall network performance because they focus on a single QoS path parameter or on set of non-QoS parameters. To improve the overall network performance, it is necessary to select a gateway with stable path, a path with the maximum residual load capacity and the minimum latency. In this paper, we propose a gateway selection scheme that considers multiple QoS path parameters such as path availability period, available capacity and latency, to select a potential gateway node. We improve the path availability computation accuracy, we introduce a feedback system to updated path dynamics to the traffic source node and we propose an efficient method to propagate QoS parameters in our scheme. Computer simulations show that our gateway selection scheme improves throughput and packet delivery ratio with less per node energy consumption. It also improves the end-to-end delay compared to single QoS path parameter gateway selection schemes. In addition, we simulate the proposed scheme by considering weighting factors to gateway selection parameters and results show that the weighting factors improve the throughput and end-to-end delay compared to the conventional schemes.
A comparative study of immunohistochemical staining for neuron‐specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5 and S‐100 protein in neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and other round cell tumours in children

A comparative study of immunohistochemical staining for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), protein‐gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and S‐100 was made in 71 undifferentated round cell tumours from 65 children using formalin‐fixed tissues and a standard alkaline phosphatase‐anti‐alkaline phosphatase method. All of 29 neuroblastomas marked for NSE and 27 for PGP 9.5; staining was diffuse and usually strong in all tumour elements, irrespective of the degree of differentiation. Patterns of staining remained consistent in primary, recurrent and metastatic tumours and were not modified by previous chemotherapy. S‐100 staining was weak and confined to cell processes and schwannian elements in less than half of the tumours studied. Two primitive neuroectodermal tumours both stained strongly for NSE and PGP 9.5. Staining for NSE was observed in single maturing cells in 3/12 rhabdomyosarcomas and in tubular elements in 2/4 Wilms' tumours; primitive rhabdomyoblasts and undifferentiated renal blastema were negative; seven lymphomas were negative. Six of 17 skeletal Ewing's sarcomas showed light to moderate cytoplasmic staining for NSE and PGP 9.5. The site, histology and clinical course of these marker‐positive Ewing's sarcomas showed no distinctive features. Staining for PGP 9.5 is a useful additional marker for neural differentiation in round cell tumours.
Joint Association Discovery and Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by Supervised Heterogeneous Multiview Learning

A key step for Alzheimer's disease (AD) study is to identify associations between genetic variations and intermediate phenotypes (e.g., brain structures). At the same time, it is crucial to develop a noninvasive means for AD diagnosis. Although these two tasks-association discovery and disease diagnosis-have been treated separately by a variety of approaches, they are tightly coupled due to their common biological basis. We hypothesize that the two tasks can potentially benefit each other by a joint analysis, because (i) the association study discovers correlated biomarkers from different data sources, which may help improve diagnosis accuracy, and (ii) the disease status may help identify disease-sensitive associations between genetic variations and MRI features. Based on this hypothesis, we present a new sparse Bayesian approach for joint association study and disease diagnosis. In this approach, common latent features are extracted from different data sources based on sparse projection matrices and used to predict multiple disease severity levels based on Gaussian process ordinal regression; in return, the disease status is used to guide the discovery of relationships between the data sources. The sparse projection matrices not only reveal the associations but also select groups of biomarkers related to AD. To learn the model from data, we develop an efficient variational expectation maximization algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach achieves higher accuracy in both predicting ordinal labels and discovering associations between data sources than alternative methods. We apply our approach to an imaging genetics dataset of AD. Our joint analysis approach not only identifies meaningful and interesting associations between genetic variations, brain structures, and AD status, but also achieves significantly higher accuracy for predicting ordinal AD stages than the competing methods.
Visuotopic organization and extent of V3 and V4 of the macaque

The representation of the visual field in areas V3 and V4 of the macaque was mapped with multiunit electrodes. Twelve Macaca fascicularis were studied in repeated recording sessions while immobilized and anesthetized. V3 is a narrow strip (4–5 mm wide) of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex located immediately anterior to V2. It contains a systematic representation of the central 35–40 degrees of the contralateral visual field; the representation of the upper quadrant is located ventrally in the hemisphere and that of the lower quadrant, dorsally. There is a small gap between the dorsal (V3d) and ventral (V3v) portions of V3. The representation of the horizontal meridian is adjacent to that in V2 and forms the posterior border of both V3d and V3v. Most or all of the anterior border of V3d consists of the representation of the lower vertical meridian. The entire anterior border of V3v consists of the representation of the upper vertical meridian. V4 is a strip of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex 5–8 mm wide, immediately anterior to V3. It contains a coarse, but systematic, representation of approximately the central 35–40 degrees of the contralateral visual field. The representation of the upper visual field is located ventrally in the hemisphere. Most of the representation of the lower visual field is located dorsally. The posterior border of V4 corresponds to the representation of the vertical meridian, and the representation of the horizontal meridian is located at or near its anterior border. In both V3 and V4, the representation of the central visual field is magnified relative to that of the periphery. In both areas, the size of receptive fields increases with increasing eccentricity; however, at a given eccentricity, the receptive fields of V4 are larger than those of V3.
Large breasts and narrow waists indicate high reproductive potential in women

Physical characteristics, such as breast size and waist–to–hip ratio (WHR), function as important features used by human males to assess female attractiveness. Males supposedly pay attention to these features because they serve as cues to fecundity and health. Here, we document that women with higher breast–to–underbreast ratio (large breasts) and women with relatively low WHR (narrow waists) have higher fecundity as assessed by precise measurements of daily levels of 17–β–oestradiol (E2) and progesterone. Furthermore, women who are characterized by both narrow waists and large breasts have 26% higher mean E2 and 37% higher mean mid–cycle E2 levels than women from three groups with other combinations of body–shape variables, i.e. low WHR with small breasts and high WHR with either large or small breasts. Such gains in hormone levels among the preferred mates may lead to a substantial rise in the probability of conception, thus providing a significant fitness benefit.
Zinc metabolism in the rat. II. Secretion of zinc into intestine.

To determine the site or sites of the intestinal secretion of endogenous zinc in the rat and the amounts secreted with time, /sup 65/Zn was injected intravenously in adult male intact rats and in rats with in vivo ligation of the gastrointestinal tract. About 10 percent of the injected /sup 65/Zn was secreted into the gastrointestinal tract within 30 min after the intravenous injection of the /sup 65/Zn. The secretion of the injected /sup 65/Zn increased slowly to a maximum of 15.4 percent at 3 to 4 hr and then decreased to 12.0 percent at 24 hr. Although /sup 65/Zn was readily detected in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, the principal site of secretion of /sup 65/Zn was the small intestine. The injected /sup 65/Zn is apparently secreted rather uniformly and rapidly throughout the entire length of the small intestine and may represent 80 percent or more of the total intestinal secretion of radiozinc within 2 hr after the administration of the /sup 65/Zn. The tissue uptake of injected /sup 65/Zn in the rats in decreasing order of /sup 65/Zn in concentration was the pancreas, the liver, the spleen, the femur, and the muscle.
Adverse prognostic impact of CDKN2B hyper-methylationin acute promyelocytic leukemia

The use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has markedly improved the survival of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), making it potentially curable. However, the identification of prognostic markers predictive of durable remission remains an important aspect in risk-adjusted treatment algorithms. High presentation leucocyte count has been found to correlate with inferior disease-free-survival (DFS). However, recent studies have also shown aberrant promoter methylation of the CDKN2B (alias p15) gene to be a negative prognostic factor. Promoter methylation results in the formation of a repressor complex, leading to chromatin compaction and suppression of gene expression and is, therefore, an alternative mechanism of gene inactivation. CDKN2B, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is a tumor suppressor gene inhibiting cell cycle progression. The CpG island inside the CDKN2B promoter is hyper-methylated in ∼50 – 60% of APL patients. CDKN2B methylation correlates negatively with DFS. As methylation-induced inactivation of CDKN2B pre-disposes to unchecked cellular proliferation, CDKN2B hyper-methylation is also associated with high presentation leucocyte count. Multivariate analysis in several studies, however, has shown that the negative prognostic impact of CDKN2B methylation is independent of its association with high leucocyte counts. Therefore, CDKN2B methylation is a potential prognostic factor that may be incorporated into a risk-stratified therapeutic strategy, which aims at achieving a cure with optimal amounts of treatment.