Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of social learning environment factors for affective well-being among students

We investigated whether perceived inclusion and exclusion with peers at school, as well as self-reported bullying exposure, affected positive and negative affect among 1161 students from grades five through seven. Positive affect was significantly, but only weakly, affected by perceived exclusion and inclusion. Negative affect was not related to perceived inclusion; however, both perceived exclusion and self-reported bullying exposure gave effects on negative affect. Our research points to the need of creating a learning environment that promotes inclusion and caring and supportive interpersonal relationships. This will probably increase student functioning.
SON Coordination in Heterogeneous Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Framework

An important problem of today's mobile network operators is to bring down the capital expenditures and operational expenditures. One strategy is to automate the parameter tuning on the small cells through the so-called self-organizing network (SON) functionalities, such as cell range expansion, mobility robustness optimization, or enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination. Having several of these functionalities in the network will surely create conflicts, as, for example, they may try to change the same parameter in the opposite directions. This raises that the need for an SON COordinator (SONCO) meant to arbitrate the parameter change requests of the SON functions, ensuring some degree of fairness. It is difficult to anticipate the impact of accepting several simultaneous requests. In this paper, we provide a SONCO design based on reinforcement learning (RL) as it allows us to learn from previous experiences and improve our future decisions. Typically, RL algorithms are complex. To reduce this complexity, we employ two flavors of function approximation and provide a study-case. Results show that the proposed SONCO design is capable of biasing this fairness among the SON functions by means of weights attributed to the SON functions. Also, we evaluate the tracking capability of the algorithms.
Essays in Positive Economics

"Stimulating, provocative, often infuriating, but well worth reading. "—Peter Newman, Economica "His critical blast blows like a north wind against the more pretentious erections of modern economics. It is however a healthy and invigorating blast, without malice and with a sincere regard for scientific objectivity. "—K.E. Boulding, Political Science Quarterly "Certainly one of the most engrossing volumes that has appeared recently in economic theory. "—William J. Baumol, Review of Economics and Statistics
Interfaces with Other Disciplines Reward systems for intra-organizational knowledge sharing

Knowledge sharing is one of the most critical steps in knowledge management activities. To achieve effective knowledge sharing, it is important to encourage workers to share their knowledge for the best interests of the firm. However, successfully exerting this encouragement is very challenging. In this paper, we develop a formal model and analyze reward systems for intra-organizational knowledge sharing. Specifically, two common forms of reward systems are considered; individualbased reward which is based on the individual contribution of valuable knowledge, and group-based reward which is based on the contribution of the whole group through knowledge sharing to the firm performance. Through the analysis, we derive a simple optimal individual-based reward system which depends on the amount and the productivity of shared knowledge. The system balances the benefit from knowledge sharing of each worker with the costs related with it. Next, it is found that group-based reward is not only less efficient than individual-based reward, but it also subject to a potential productivity problem, in which workers with more productive knowledge do not participate in knowledge sharing. Finally, it is shown that several organizational factors can complement reward systems in increasing the performance of KM and can mitigate the productivity problem. Insights from our analysis could help managers to understand important considerations in rewarding knowledge sharing, and could provide them with guides to implement reward systems. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala de avaliação da qualidade percebida e das atitudes e intenções comportamentais de clientes de serviços de fisioterapia

RESUMO Existem diversas escalas para avaliacao da qualidade percebida por clientes de servicos na area de saude, disponiveis na literatura tecnico-cientifica. Entretanto, sao raras as escalas desenvolvidas especificamente para avaliar servicos de fisioterapia. Alem disso, a percepcao dos clientes e ex-clientes de servicos de fisioterapia em relacao as atitudes e intencoes comportamentais tem sido pouco contemplada em tais instrumentos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar uma escala de avaliacao da qualidade percebida, atitudes e intencoes comportamentais em servicos de fisioterapia. Foi realizado um levantamento do tipo survey envolvendo 412 clientes que estavam em tratamento, que abandonaram o tratamento ou que haviam concluido o tratamento. A analise fatorial identificou nove fatores relacionados a qualidade percebida:relacionamento, funcionarios, infraestrutura e equipamentos, autointeresse, comunicacao do fisioterapeuta com os clientes, horarios de atendimento, marca e tradicao, qualificacao profissional do fisioterapeuta e comodidade. Foram realizados testes para verificar a consistencia interna e utilizadas tecnicas de analise fatorial confirmatoria para validacao da escala. A escala desenvolvida neste estudo apresentou niveis adequados de confiabilidade e validade convergente e discriminante. Palavras-chave : qualidade da assistencia a saude, satisfacao do paciente, fisioterapia, atitudes e pesquisa comportamental. ABSTRACT There are different scales for assessing the quality perceived by customers in health services available in technical and scientific literature. However, few of them have been developed specifically to evaluate physiotherapy services. Moreover, the perception of customers and former customers of physiotherapy services about their attitudes and behavioral intentions have been little considered in such instruments. In this sense, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a scale of perceived quality and attitudes and behavioral intentions in physiotherapy services. A survey research was conducted involving 412 clients who were in treatment, have left the treatment or who had completed the treatment. The factor analysis has identified nine factors related to perceived quality: relationship, staff, infrastructure and equipment, self-interest, communication between physiotherapist and customers, schedule, mark and tradition, professional qualificationofthe physiotherapist and comfort. Tests were run in order to verify the internal consistency and confirmatory factorial analysis techniques were used for validation of the scale. The developed scale in this study presented adequate levels of reliability and convergent and discriminating validity. Keywords : quality of health care, patient satisfaction, physical therapy, attitudes and behavioral research.
Understanding prejudice and discrimination : heterosexuals' motivations for engaging in homonegativity directed toward gay men

To date, little research has documented the prevalence of anti-gay behaviours on Canadian university campuses or directly explored heterosexual men’s and women’s self-reported reasons for holding negative attitudes toward gay men and engaging in anti-gay behaviours. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to: (1) assess the prevalence of anti-gay attitudes and behaviours on a Canadian university campus using the Attitudes Toward Gay Men Scale (ATG) and the Self-Report Behaviour Scale – Revised (SBS-R); (2) describe heterosexual men’s and women’s lived experiences as perpetrators of homonegativity; and (3) explore how heterosexuals find meaning in their homonegativity within personal and social contexts. A mixed-methods approach was used wherein a quantitative questionnaire was administered to 286 university students in the first phase of the study. The majority of the participants scored below the midpoint of the ATG and they most often reported engaging in subtle behaviours directed toward gay men. In the second, qualitative phase of the study, open-ended interviews were conducted with eight individuals (four men and four women) who held negative attitudes toward gay men and had engaged in anti-gay behaviours. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The participants’ lived experiences of homonegativity were primarily characterized by their feelings of discomfort upon observing gay men display affection and their perceptions that gay men are feminine. For the most part, participants used their religious beliefs, negative affective reactions toward homosexuality, and their beliefs that homosexuality is wrong and unnatural to understand their homonegativity. Further, the participants indicated that they had only engaged in subtle anti-gay behaviours, such as joke-telling, social distancing, or avoidance. Many of the participants were concerned about being perceived as prejudiced and, consequently, monitored the behaviours they directed toward gay men. Limitations of the study and directions for future research concerning anti-gay behaviours are also presented.
The effect of paediatric syncope on health-related quality of life

Abstract Background Syncope is common in children and adolescents and most commonly represents neurocardiogenic syncope. No information has been reported regarding the effect of syncope on health-related quality of life in children. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients seen in the Heart Institute Syncope Clinic at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between July, 2009 and June, 2010. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL™ tool. PedsQL™ scores were compared with both healthy historical controls and historical controls with chronic illnesses. Results A total of 106 patients were included for analysis. In all, 90% were Caucasian and 63% were girls. The median age was 15.1 years (8.2–21.6). Compared with healthy controls, patients had lower PedsQL™ scores: Total score (75.2 versus 83.8, p < 0.0001); Physical Health Summary (78.8 versus 87.5, p < 0.0001); Psychosocial Health Summary (73.9 versus 81.9, p < 0.001), Emotional Functioning (68.9 versus 79.3, p < 0.001); and School Functioning (66.4 versus 81.1, p < 0.001). No difference was seen in Social Functioning (86.2 versus 85.2, p = 0.81). Patients also had lower PedsQL™ Total scores than patients with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001) and similar scores to patients with asthma, end-stage renal disease, obesity, and structural heart disease. Conclusion Children with syncope, although typically benign in aetiology, can have low health-related quality of life.
Non-proportionality and thermoluminescence of LSO:Ce

This work presents the results from experiments performed on Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce (LSO:Ce). It looks for potential correlations of light yield nonproportionality and other scintillation properties such as intrinsic energy resolution with thermoluminescence properties. The analyzed samples were chosen from various crystal batches having significantly different properties. Single crystal LSO:Ce samples were coupled to an XP2020Q photomultiplier and to large area avalanche photodiodes and measured as a function of /spl gamma/-ray energy between 14.7 and 1770 keV at room temperature and also near liquid nitrogen temperature. To explain the experimental results obtained from spectrometric methods, the properties of the samples were further studied using thermoluminescence techniques within the temperature range from 250K to 600K. The relationships between data obtained from these two types of experiments are reported.
Concern regarding the alleged spread of hypervirulent lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis strain in Europe

Seth-Smith, HM; Galán, JC; Goldenberger, D; Lewis, DA; Peuchant, O; Bébéar, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Bénard, A; Carter, I; Kok, J; +6 more. Bruisten, SM; Versteeg, B; Morré, SA; Thomson, NR; Egli, A; de Vries, HJ; (2017) Concern regarding the alleged spread of hypervirulent lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis strain in Europe. Euro surveillance, 22 (15). ISSN 1025-496X DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES. 2017.22. 15.30511 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/3860799/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES. 2017.22. 15.30511
Groups that work (and those that Don't): Creating Conditions for Effective Teamwork, edited by J. Richard Hackman. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass 1990, 512 pp. Price: $39.95 cloth

Introduction: Work Teams in Organizations: An Orienting Frameword. TOP MANAGEMENT GROUPS: SETTING ORGANIZATIONAL DIRECTIONS. Fairfield Coordinating Group (R. Eisenstat). Corporate Restructuring Team (S. Cohen). Hilltop Hospital Top Management Group (S. Cohen). Summary: Top Management Groups (R. Eisenstat & S. Cohen). TASK FORCES: ACCOMPLISHING ONE--SHOT PROJECTS. The Students (C. Gersick). The Bankers (C. Gersick). Credit Analysis Team (M. Davis--Sacks). Summary: Task Forces (C. Gersick & M. Davis--Sacks). PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT TEAMS: PROVIDING EXPERT ASSISTANCE. The Tracking Team (M. Davis--Sacks). Fairfield Systems Group (R. Eisenstat). Airline Maintenance Group (D. Denison). Summary: Professional Support Groups (M. Davis--Sacks, et al.). PERFORMING GROUPS: PLAYING TO AUDIENCES. Detroit STring Quartet (T. Butterworth). Children's Theatre Company (S. Friedman). University Athletic Teams (W. Kahn). New Haven Nighthawks (J. Wood). Summary: Performing Groups (T. Butterworth, et al.). HUMAN SERVICE TEAMS: TAKING CARE OF PEOPLE. Operating Room Nurses (D. Denison & R. Sutton). Midwest Federal Correctional Institution (A. Perkins & D. Abramis). Mental Health Treatment Teams (R. Shaw). Summary: Human Service Teams (A. Perkins, et al.). CUSTOMER SERVICE TEAMS: SELLING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. Beer Sales and Delivery Teams (R. Saavedra). Flight Attendant Teams (S. Cohen & D. Denison). Summary: Customer Service Teams (R. Saavedra, et al.). PRODUCTION TEAMS: TURNING OUT THE PRODUCT. Compressor Team Start--Up (R. Eisenstat). Airline Cockpit Crew (R. Ginnett). Semiconductor Manufacturing Team (D. Abramis). 28. Summary: Production Teams Conclusion: Creating More Effective Work Groups in Organizations (J. Hackman).
Cyp2c44 Gene Disruption Exacerbated Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Failure in Female but Not Male Mice

Epoxyeicosatrienoicacids (EETs), synthesized from arachidonic acid by epoxygenases of the CYP2C and CYP2J gene subfamilies, contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in mice. Despite their roles in HPV, it is controversial whether EETs mediate or ameliorate pulmonary hypertension (PH). A recent study showed that deficiency of Cyp2j did not protect male and female mice from hypoxia-induced PH. Since CYP2C44 is a functionally important epoxygenase, we hypothesized that knockout of the Cyp2c44 gene would protect both sexes of mice from hypoxia-induced PH. We tested this hypothesis in wild-type (WT) and Cyp2c44 knockout (Cyp2c44−/−) mice exposed to normoxia (room air) and hypoxia (10% O2) for 5 weeks. Exposure of WT and Cyp2c44−/− mice to hypoxia resulted in pulmonary vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary artery resistance, and decreased cardiac function in both sexes. However, in female Cyp2c44−/− mice, compared with WT mice, (1) pulmonary artery resistance and right ventricular hypertrophy were greater, (2) cardiac index was lower, (3) left ventricular and arterial stiffness were higher, and (4) plasma aldosterone levels were higher, but (5) there was no difference in levels of EET in lungs and heart. Paradoxically and unexpectedly, we found that Cyp2c44 disruption exacerbated hypoxia-induced PH in female but not male mice. We attribute exacerbated PH in female Cyp2c44−/− mice to elevated aldosterone and as-yet-unknown systemic factors. Therefore, we suggest a role for the human CYP2C genes in protecting women from severe PH and that this could be one of the underlying causes for a better 5-year survival rate in women than in men.
Secondary school students’ attitudes to practical work in school science

Practical work is seen as having an important role in school science. In particular many have claimed that it has an essential role in determining students’ attitudes to school science and science beyond the classroom. However, whilst there has been much research into students’ attitudes to science there has been little research into their attitudes to practical work in particular. This study considers students’ attitudes in terms of the cognitive, affective and behavioural analytical framework developed by Rosenberg (1960). The study is based on data collected from three English secondary schools within Key Stages 3 and 4. It involved questionnaires in biology, chemistry and physics as well as school visits that involved lesson observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with students. Field notes and audio-recordings were made throughout these visits for subsequent analysis. The findings suggest that secondary students’ attitudes to practical work are, generally speaking, positive. However, what also emerged was the extent to which such attitudes to practical work differed, not only across the three sciences, but also showed a statistically significant decline as students progressed through their secondary school education. The reason for this being that the relative importance of the cognitive, affective and behavioural domains changed as students moved away from a focus on the enjoyment of science towards one that was examination orientated. The implications of this study suggests that teachers need to be far more aware that students’ attitudes to practical work need to be consider according to the science they are studying and their age, rather than seeing their attitudes to practical work being unchanging and uniform across the three sciences.
THE FADING PUBLIC VOICE

The increasing commercialization of media markets in Denmark and abroad have led to concerns about journalism's role in democracy. In discussions about the influence of budget cuts and increased competition on the way journalists work, the difference between political journalists and other journalists is often disregarded. This paper argues that commercialization has a polarizing effect. It strengthens the political beat at the expense of other beats, as political news is cost-effective and a way for outlets to brand themselves. Representative surveys among parliamentary reporters and other Danish journalists confirm that commercial pressures affect political journalists less than other journalists, even those working in other prestigious beats. This has negative implications from the viewpoint of participatory democracy; while other journalists emphasize a role as promoters of a citizen perspective, parliamentary journalists see it as their main role to demand accountability rather than responsiveness of politicians.
Instinctive and Cognitive Reasoning: Response Times Study

our experiments. I would like to thank Michael Ornstein who helped me in various stages of the project, preparing the graphs and giving good advise. I would like also to thank Gur Huberman: the idea to record response times came to our mind during our work on the unfinished " two consents " project. Abstract The hypothesis of this research project is that actions which are instinctive and derived from emotional responses should require less response time than actions which require the use of cognitive power. Thousands of data observations were collected from students and lecture audiences through the site gametheory.tau. ac.il. The subjects were asked to respond to virtual decision and game situations. In certain examples (such as the beauty contest game), where there is a clear distinction between the instinctive and cognitive actions, the data support the hypothesis. In other examples (such as the dictator game), the data is helpful in identifying the instinctive action.
Perceptual constraints on implicit learning of spatial context

Invariant spatial relationships of objects may provide a rich source of contextual information. Visual context can assist localization of individual objects via an implicit learning mechanism, as revealed in the contextual cueing paradigm (Chun & Jiang, 1998). What defines a visual context? How robust is contextual learning? And is it perceptually constrained? Here we investigate whether both local context that surround a target, and long-range context that does not spatially coincide with a target, can influence target localization. In the contextual cueing task, participants implicitly learned a context by repeated exposure to items arranged in invariant patterns. Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that only local context facilitates target localization. However, Experiment 3 showed that long range context can prime target location when target and context are not separated by random information. Experiment 4 showed that grouping by colour does not affect contextual cueing, suggesting that spatial features play a more important role than surface features in spatial contextual cueing. In separate analyses, visual hemifield differences were found for learning and performance. In sum, the results indicate that implicit learning of spatial context is robust across noise and biased towards spatially grouped information.
Increase of haemoglobin levels by anti‐retroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in immune activation

Abstract: Design: We evaluated whether an increase in haemoglobin levels in the first 6 months of effective anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a decrease in immune activation. To reduce confounding factors only men (n = 35) and patients not receiving agents known to enhance haematopoiesis or patients without diseases that might suppress haematopoiesis were included. Simultaneously parameters of iron metabolism and cofactors for haematopoiesis were analysed. Results: A median baseline haemoglobin level of 139 g L−1 increased to 149 g L−1 at month 6 of ART (P < 0.001). At baseline low haemoglobin levels were strongly associated with high neopterin concentrations (r = − 0.64, P < 0.001), and much less correlated to high HIV‐1 RNA levels (r = − 0.41, P < 0.05) and to a lower CD4+ cell count (r = 0.33, P < 0.05). The change of neopterin levels during the study period correlated with the relative change in haemoglobin levels, r = − 0.35, P = 0.03, whereas no such correlations were found for the change of HIV‐1 RNA levels and the CD4 cell count. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the change of neopterin and soluble transferrin receptors concentrations are independently associated with an increase of haemoglobin levels of more than 15 g L−1. Conclusion: Our study supports a cause–effect relationship between immune activation and anaemia in HIV‐infected patients. Treatment of patients with ART decreases virus load, which may thereby result in silencing of immune effector activity thus ameliorating anaemia by reversing the anti‐proliferative effects of cytokines towards erythroid progenitors and the iron withdrawal strategy of the immune system.