Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gesture: Second language acquisition and classroom research.

Contributors Preface I: INTRODUCTION TO GESTURE AND ITS L2 APPLICATIONS 1. Gesture Studies and Second Language Acquisition: A Review Gale Stam and Steven G. McCafferty 2. Nonverbal Communication and Second Language Classrooms: A Review Carla Chamberlin Quinlisk II: GESTURE AND MEANING MAKING IN THE L2 3. Material Foundations for Second Language Acquisition: Gesture, Metaphor, and Internalization Steven G. McCafferty 4. Embodiment as Self-Regulation in L2 Task Performance Elizabeth Platt and Frank B. Brooks 5. The Dialectics of Gesture in the Construction of Meaning in Second Language Oral Narratives Eduardo Negueruela and James P. Lantolf III: GESTURE AND COMMUNICATION IN THE L2 6. Gesturally Enhanced Repeats in The Repair Turn: Communication Strategy Or Cognitive Language-Learning Tool? David Olsher 7. Does Gesture Aid Discourse Comprehension in the L2? Tsuyoshi Kida 8. Language Learner and Native Speaker Perceptions of Japanese Refusal Gestures Portrayed in Video Nicholas O. Jungheim IV: GESTURE AND LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE IN THE L2 9. A Helping Hand? Gestures, L2 Learners, and Grammar Marianne Gullberg 10. Linguistic and Gestural Introduction of Ground Reference in L1 and L2 Narrative Keiko Yoshioka 11. What Gestures Reveal About Second Language Acquisition Gale Stam V: GESTURE AND THE L2 CLASSROOM 12. "Because Of Her Gesture, It's Very Easy To Understand" - Learners' Perceptions of Teachers' Gestures in the Foreign Language Class Daniela Sime 13. Gesture and the Negotiation of Meaning in a Second Language Classroom Martine Faraco and Tsuyoshi Kida 14. Expository Discourse in a Second Language Classroom: How Learners Use Gesture Alexis Tabensky
Evaluating psychology students’ library skills and experiences

Extensive engagement with current academic sources is expected of all psychology undergraduates. Thirty–eight undergraduate psychology students took part in a series of focus group discussions of their information–searching experiences and skills. The majority of students had not been required to engage with any form of information searching while studying at pre–degree level and were daunted by the sheer scale and complexity of the resources available in higher education. Following consideration of the issues raised by students inthe discussions, a series of recommendations is presented to facilitate the transition into higher education and to enhance the library skills of psychology students.
Murder , She Wrote : Enhanced Sensitivity to Negative Word Valence

Enhanced sensitivity to information of negative (compared to positive) valence has an adaptive value, for example, by expediting the correct choice of avoidance behavior. However, previous evidence for such enhanced sensitivity has been inconclusive. Here we report a clear advantage for negative over positive words in categorizing them as emotional. In 3 experiments, participants classified briefly presented (33 ms or 22 ms) masked words as emotional or neutral. Categorization accuracy and valence-detection sensitivity were both higher for negative than for positive words. The results were not due to differences between emotion categories in either lexical frequency, extremeness of valence ratings, or arousal. These results conclusively establish enhanced sensitivity for negative over positive words, supporting the hypothesis that negative stimuli enjoy preferential access to perceptual processing.
An integrative and functional framework for the study of animal emotion and mood

A better understanding of animal emotion is an important goal in disciplines ranging from neuroscience to animal welfare science. The conscious experience of emotion cannot be assessed directly, but neural, behavioural and physiological indicators of emotion can be measured. Researchers have used these measures to characterize how animals respond to situations assumed to induce discrete emotional states (e.g. fear). While advancing our understanding of specific emotions, this discrete emotion approach lacks an overarching framework that can incorporate and integrate the wide range of possible emotional states. Dimensional approaches that conceptualize emotions in terms of universal core affective characteristics (e.g. valence (positivity versus negativity) and arousal) can provide such a framework. Here, we bring together discrete and dimensional approaches to: (i) offer a structure for integrating different discrete emotions that provides a functional perspective on the adaptive value of emotional states, (ii) suggest how long-term mood states arise from short-term discrete emotions, how they also influence these discrete emotions through a bi-directional relationship and how they may function to guide decision-making, and (iii) generate novel hypothesis-driven measures of animal emotion and mood.
River history and tectonics

The analysis of crustal deformation by tectonic processes has gained much from the clues offered by drainage geometry and river behaviour, while the interpretation of channel patterns and sequences benefits from information on Earth movements before or during their development. The interplay between the two strands operates at many scales: themes which have already benefited from it include the possible role of mantle plumes in the breakup of Gondwana, the Cenozoic development of drainage systems in Africa and Australia, Himalayan uplift in response to erosion, alternating episodes of uplift and subsidence in the Mississippi delta, buckling of the Indian lithospheric plate, and changes in stream pattern and sinuosity along individual alluvial channels subject to localized deformation. Developments in remote sensing, isotopic dating and numerical modelling are starting to yield quantitative analyses of such effects, to the benefit of geodymamics as well as fluvial hydrology.
Safety and immunogenicity of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

OBJECTIVE Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been shown to be safe and effective in healthy infants and children. However, little is known about its use in children who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are known to be at increased risk of developing pneumococcal infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent PCV in infants with HIV infection. METHODS The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 292 Team randomized infants with HIV infection 2:1 to receive heptavalent PCV or placebo in a double-blinded manner. Infants were vaccinated with 3 doses at 2-month intervals, starting at ages 56 to 180 days. A booster dose was given at 15 months of age. Immunogenicity was evaluated after the third dose of vaccine, before and after the booster dose, and at 24 months of age. RESULTS Thirty infants with HIV infection received PCV, and 15 received placebo. No differences in baseline characteristics were found across arms. Five severe acute reactions were experienced by 4 subjects: 3 in the PCV arm and 1 in the placebo arm; all occurred among subjects with symptomatic disease at study entry. No differences were found in the 2 arms with respect to the number or timing of new diagnoses through 24 months of age, including diagnoses of otitis media. However, when symptomatic subjects were examined separately, the first new diagnosis occurred more rapidly among PCV recipients. Three deaths, all judged to be unrelated to study vaccine, occurred during follow-up: 2 in the PCV arm and 1 in the placebo arm. The primary immunogenicity measures were based on composites of 4-fold changes in serotype-specific immunoglobulin G titers from preimmunization levels. We found a highly significant difference between the vaccine and placebo arms, with the PCV arm showing higher rates of response. Asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects who received PCV had similar immunologic responses for all serotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that heptavalent PCV was well tolerated and not associated with vaccine-associated adverse reactions. Most important, this vaccine was immunogenic in the infant with HIV infection. However, additional studies of this vaccine (or others) must pay special attention to patients with symptomatic HIV disease, as they seem to be at higher risk for adverse events to any antigen.
Ghrelin and peptide YY in youth: are there race-related differences?

OBJECTIVE Obesity prevalence is higher in African-American (AA) vs. American white (AW) youth. Ghrelin is a "hunger" peptide that is high preprandially and decreases postprandially, and peptide YY (PYY) is a "satiety" hormone increasing after meals. Impaired regulation of ghrelin/PYY may be conducive to obesity. We hypothesized that racial differences in childhood obesity could partly be explained by differences in ghrelin/PYY dynamics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated: 1) ghrelin suppression/PYY elevation in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in AA vs. AW, and 2) the relationship of ghrelin and PYY dynamics to insulin sensitivity. Thirty-three AA and 54 AW prepubertal children underwent an OGTT measuring ghrelin, PYY, glucose, and insulin. Fasting glucose to insulin ratio (G(F)/I(F)) was used to assess the relationship of insulin sensitivity to fasting and post-OGTT ghrelin and PYY levels. RESULTS OGTT-induced suppression in ghrelin (Delta ghrelin) was lower in AA youth. Delta ghrelin correlated with G(F)/I(F) (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) and Delta insulin at 30 min (r = -0.47, P < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, race (P = 0.013) and G(F)/I(F) (P = 0.004) contributed independently to the variance in Delta ghrelin (R(2) = 0.28, P < 0.001). Fasting and post-OGTT PYY levels were lower in AAs and were not related to insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION The lower suppression of ghrelin in AA, but not the lower PYY levels, correlates with insulinemia and insulin resistance. Less ghrelin suppression and PYY elevation after a meal in black youth could be a potential mechanism of race-related differences in hunger/satiety predisposing to risk of obesity.
Situated Health Promotion

Handing down health knowledge and behavior patterns is a main objective of health promotion. Often, interventions do not bring about the intended change of behavior. This could be due, among other things, to the fact that the majority of intervention programs are not based on principles of instructional design to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. A situated design of health promotion measures is to be considered particularly suitable. That accounts for the fact that the acquisition and application of knowledge is an active construction process on the part of the individuals involved, and one that includes the possibility to improve the quality of learning processes in the area of health promotion, and thus increases the probability that acquired knowledge can be applied in real situations. In the context of the problem that most health promotion interventions frequently do not show the desired permanent behavioral changes of the participating individuals, from a pedagogical perspective, it is crucial that current didactic-methodological principles be taken into account. This, too, should be taken into account in connection with an empirical analysis of the reflections in this article. In the following paper, various suggestions for implementation are explained and discussed.
Man, You Might Look Like a Woman—If a Child Is Next to You

Gender categorization seems prone to a pervasive bias: Persons about whom null or ambiguous gender information is available are more often considered male than female. Our study assessed whether such a male-bias is present in non-binary choice tasks and whether it can be altered by social contextual information. Participants were asked to report their perception of an adult figure’s gender in three context conditions: (1) alone, (2) passively besides a child, or (3) actively helping a child (n = 10 pictures each). The response options male, female and I don’t know were provided. As a result, participants attributed male gender to most figures and rarely used the I don’t know option in all conditions, but were more likely to attribute female gender to the same adult figure if it was shown with a child. If such social contextual information was provided in the first rather than the second block of the experiment, subsequent female gender attributions increased for adult figures shown alone. Additionally, female gender attributions for actively helping relative to passive adults were made more often. Thus, we provide strong evidence that gender categorization can be altered by social context even if the subject of gender categorization remains identical.
Estudos da consistência interna e fatorial confirmatório da Escala Toronto de Alexitimia-20 (ETA-20)

The objective of this study is to verify metric qualities of this inventory with Brazilian university students, and to compare the results with those obtained by other countries. The sample was constituted of 489 students of both sexes, ages varying from 16 to 51 years, coming from a private university. The index Cronbach’s Alpha obtained (α=0,765) for the total scale, was comparable to the other studies (varying from 0,68 to 0,84). The results of the adequacy of the three-dimensional model for the Brazilian sample ( χ2 /gl=3,67; GFI=0,881; AGFI=0,851; RMSEA=0,074) are also equivalent to those presented in the other studies. Concluding, the results indicate that the original three-dimensional model can be replicated and transposed to the Brazilian culture.
Two-dimensional crystals of photosystem II: biochemical characterization, cryoelectron microscopy and localization of the D1 and cytochrome b559 polypeptides

Photosystem II (PS II) is a photosynthetic reaction center found in higher plants which has the unique ability to evolve oxygen from water. Several groups have formed two-dimensional PS II crystals or have isolated PS II complexes and studied them by electron microscopy and image analysis. The majority of these specimens have not been well characterized biochemically and have yielded relatively low resolution two-dimensional projection maps with a variety of unit cell sizes. We report the characterization of the polypeptide and lipid content of tubular crystals of PS II. The crystals contain the reaction center core polypeptides D1, D2, cytochrome b559, as well as the chlorophyll- binding polypeptides (CP) CP47, CP43, CP29, CP26, CP24, and CP22. The lipid composition was similar to the lipids found in the stacked portion of thylakoids. We also report a 2.0-nm resolution projection map determined by electron microscopy and image analysis of frozen, hydrated PS II crystals. This projection map includes information on the portion of the complex buried in the lipid bilayer. The unit cell is a dimer with unit vectors of 17.0 and 11.4 nm separated by an angle of 106.6 degrees. In addition, Fab fragments against D1 and cytochrome b559 were used to localize those two polypeptides, and thus the reaction center, within the PS II complex. The results indicate that D1 and cytochrome b559 are found within one of the heaviest densities of the monomeric unit.
On the relationship between job satisfaction and non-response in employee attitude surveys: A longitudinal field study

A longitudinal modelling approach is used to examine the effect of job satisfaction on survey non-response in an applied employee attitude survey. Members of a large electronics company were invited to participate in the survey in each of four consecutive years. Logistic autoregressive modelling revealed a significant effect of prior non-response on subsequent non-response. The odds of responding to the survey in any given year were more than twice as high for individuals who had responded to the same survey 1 year before, as compared with those who did not. Prior job satisfaction was also significantly related to subsequent survey non-response. Participants who were more satisfied on a given occasion were more likely to respond 1 year later than those who were less satisfied. At the facet level, satisfaction with supervisors contributed incrementally to the prediction of survey non-response in subsequent years. Implications for the theoretical and methodological development of non-response research and for the practical implementation of employee attitude surveys are discussed.
Phase I clinical trial with IL-2-transfected xenogeneic cells administered in subcutaneous metastatic tumours: clinical and immunological findings

Various studies have emphasized an immunodepression state observed at the tumour site. To reverse this defect and based upon animal studies, we initiated a phase I clinical trial of gene therapy in which various doses of xenogeneic monkey fibroblasts (Vero cells) genetically engineered to produce human IL-2 were administered intratumorally in 8 patients with metastatic solid tumours. No severe adverse effect was observed in the 8 patients analysed during this clinical trial even in the highest dose (5 ¥ 107 cells) group. This absence of toxicity seems to be associated with rapid elimination of Vero-IL-2 cells from the organism. Indeed, exogenous IL-2 mRNA could no longer be detected in the peripheral whole blood 48 hours after Vero-IL-2 cell administration. In addition, we did not find any expression of exogenous IL-2 mRNA in post-therapeutic lesions removed 29 days after the start of therapy. A major finding of this trial concerns the two histological responses of two treated subcutaneous nodules not associated with an apparent clinical response. The relationship between local treatment and tumour regression was supported by replacement of tumour cells by inflammatory cells in regressing lesions and marked induction of T and natural killer cell derived cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFNg …) in post-therapeutic lesions analysed 28 days after the start of Vero-IL-2 administration. Gene therapy using xenogeneic cells as vehicle may therefore present certain advantages over other vectors, such as its complete absence of toxicity. Furthermore, the in vivo biological effect of immunostimulatory genes, i.e IL-2-, may be potentiated by the xenogeneic rejection reaction. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
COMPUTER SELF EFFICACY (CSE) MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI DALAM PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI: TINJAUAN PERSPEKTIF GENDER

The purpose of the study is first, to investigated about propensity of computer self efficacy mahasiswa akuntansi in using information technology and to investigated differences about computer self efficacy between man and woman. The 149 students are enrolled in management information system are drawn by personally queistionaire. This research result that man's CSE higher than woman's CSE. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kecenderungan keahlian penggunaan komputer para mahasiswa akuntansi dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi dan menyelidiki perbedaan keahlian penggunaan komputer diantara mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebanyak 149 mahasiswa yang mengambil matakuliah sistem informasi manajemen dijadikan sebagai subyek penelitian dengan metoda pengumpulan data menggunakan kueisoner. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa CSE mahasiswa liki-laki lebih baik dibanding mahasiswa perempuan. Kata kunci: keahlian penggunaan komputer, mahasiswa akuntansi, teknologi informasi.
Purine-specific Nucleoside N-Ribohydrolase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Trypanosomes have no de novo purine biosynthesis and thus depend upon salvage pathways to obtain purines for their metabolic pathways and for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. An inosine-adenosine-guanosine preferring nucleoside hydrolase (IAG-nucleoside hydrolase) from the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei brucei represents ∼0.2% of the soluble protein in this organism. The enzyme has been purified over 400-fold to >95% homogeneity from the bloodstream form of this parasite. IAG-nucleoside hydrolase is a dimer of Mr 36,000 subunits. The kcat/Km for inosine, adenosine, and guanosine are 1.9 × 106, 1.2 × 106, and 0.83 × 106 M−1 s−1, respectively. The kinetic mechanism with inosine as substrate is rapid equilibrium with random product release. The turnover rate for inosine at 30°C is 34 s−1. Pyrimidine nucleosides are poor substrates with kcat/Km values of approximately 103 M−1 s−1. Deoxynucleosides are also poor substrates with kcat/Km values near 102 M−1 s−1. AMP is not a detectable substrate and there is no measurable purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity. 3-Deazaadenosine, 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin), and formycin B are competitive inhibitors with Kis of 1.8, 59, and 13 μM, respectively. The Km shows a slight dependence on pH with a pH optimum around 7. The Vmax/Km data indicate there are two ionizable enzymatic groups, pKa 8.6, required for the formation of the Michaelis complex. The Vmax data indicate three ionizable groups involved in catalysis. Two essential groups exhibit pKa values of 8.8, and a third group with a pKa of 6.5 increases the Vmax an additional 10-fold. All three groups must be protonated for optimum catalytic activity.
A study of patients with a primary malignant brain tumour and their carers: symptoms and access to services.

AIM To investigate the symptom experience, access to supportive care services and rehabilitation of patients with a primary malignant brain tumour (PMBT) and their carers. METHODS A case review of 70 patients with a diagnosis of PMBT who received palliative care in five specialist palliative care units between July 2005 and June 2006. The review examined patients' symptom experience, care issues, access to rehabilitation and access to supportive care services. RESULTS The two most significant issues experienced by patients and identified in the case review were hemiparesis (17%) and cognitive problems (16%). There were a number of care problems concerning safety related to mobility and falls (9%). Symptoms related to fatigue and tiredness were reported infrequently. There was an absence of information relating to the needs of informal carers; however, 18% of carers accessed bereavement counselling services following the death of the person they cared for. CONCLUSION The needs of carers were not found to be routinely documented within the case notes. For some patients, referral to specialist palliative care services occur late in the illness trajectory, which means that patients and carers may not be able to access the full range of supportive care services available. Initial assessment of patients should identify the range of support services that both carers and patients are offered; and the uptake and response to services should be documented throughout the illness trajectory.
CD59 Underlines the Antiatherosclerotic Effects of C-Phycocyanin on Mice

The effects of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) on atherosclerosis and the regulatory effects of CD59 gene on anti-atherosclerotic roles of C-PC were investigated. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(−/−)) mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, C-PC treatment group, CD59 transfection group and C-PC+CD59 synergy group. The mice were fed with high-fat-diet and treated with drug intervention at the same time. Results showed the atherosclerotic mouse model was successfully established. CD59 was over-expressed in blood and tissue cells. Single CD59 or C-PC could reduce blood lipid levels and promote the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 but inhibit pro-apoptotic Fas proteins in endothelial cells. The expression levels of cell cycle protein D1 (Cyclin D1) and mRNA levels of cyclin dependent protein kinase 4 (CDK4) in smooth muscle cells were restrained by CD59 and C-PC. CD59 or C-PC alone could inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by suppressing MMP-2 protein expression. In addition, C-PC could promote CD59 expression. So both CD59 and C-PC could inhibit the progress of atherosclerosis, and the anti-atherosclerotic effects of C-PC might be fulfilled by promoting CD59 expression, preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation and the apoptosis of endothelial cells, reducing blood fat levels, and at last inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis.