Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effects of chemical sympathectomy by 6‐hydroxydopamine in newborn and adult rats

1 The effects of chemical sympathectomy with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) on the cardiovascular system of the rat were compared in, (a) 10‐week‐old rats treated during the first 14 days after birth with 150 μg/g subcutaneously, and (b) adult rats injected intravenously with 2 × 50 mg/kg on day 1 and 2 × 100 mg/kg on day 7 and the experiments performed on day 8. 2 Intravenous administration of 6‐OHDA to adult rats almost completely abolished the pressor responses to stimulation of the entire sympathetic outflow in the pithed rat, the contractions of the lower eyelid to stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk and the vasconstrictor responses produced by periarterial nerve stimulation of the isolated renal artery preparation. Pressor responses to physostigmine and to tyramine were markedly reduced or abolished in anaesthetized and pithed rat preparations, respectively. 3 In corresponding experiments, 10‐week‐old rats treated as newborns with 6‐OHDA showed a marked reduction in the stimulation‐induced pressor responses and contractions of the lower eyelid, but completely normal vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial nerve stimulation of the isolated perfused renal artery were obtained. The pressor responses to physostigmine were slightly reduced but the tyramine responses were unchanged. 4 Treatment with 6‐OHDA at birth caused an almost complete and long‐lasting noradrenaline depletion in the heart, spleen, salivary glands and ileum but only a partial depletion in the mesentery from 10‐week‐old rats. These low noradrenaline levels showed no recovery in rats up to an age of 4 months. The tyrosine hydroxylase activity in both the cervical and stellate ganglia from 10‐week‐old rats was markedly reduced by treatment with 6‐OHDA after birth. 5 Injections of 6‐OHDA after birth produce an almost complete and permanent sympathectomy of various adrenergically innervated organs in the rat. The vascular system represents a major exception, exhibiting a surprisingly high resistance to this type of chemical adrenergic denervation.
A survey on peer-to-peer key management for mobile ad hoc networks

The article reviews the most popular peer-to-peer key management protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The protocols are subdivided into groups based on their design strategy or main characteristic. The article discusses and provides comments on the strategy of each group separately. The discussions give insight into open research problems in the area of pairwise key management.
Molecular dissection of mRNA poly(A) tail length control in yeast

In eukaryotic cells, newly synthesized mRNAs acquire a poly(A) tail that plays several fundamental roles in export, translation and mRNA decay. In mammals, PABPN1 controls the processivity of polyadenylation and the length of poly(A) tails during de novo synthesis. This regulation is less well-detailed in yeast. We have recently demonstrated that Nab2p is necessary and sufficient for the regulation of polyadenylation and that the Pab1p/PAN complex may act at a later stage in mRNA metabolism. Here, we show that the presence of both Pab1p and Nab2p in reconstituted pre-mRNA 3′-end processing reactions has no stimulating nor inhibitory effect on poly(A) tail regulation. Importantly, the poly(A)-binding proteins are essential to protect the mature mRNA from being subjected to a second round of processing. We have determined which domains of Nab2p are important to control polyadenylation and found that the RGG-box work in conjunction with the two last essential CCCH-type zinc finger domains. Finally, we have tried to delineate the mechanism by which Nab2p performs its regulation function during polyadenylation: it likely forms a complex with poly(A) tails different from a simple linear deposit of proteins as it has been observed with Pab1p.
Limits of Learning-based Signature Generation with Adversaries

Automatic signature generation is necessary because there may often be little time between the discovery of a vulnerability, and exploits developed to target the vulnerability. Much research effort has focused on patternextraction techniques to generate signatures. These have included techniques that look for a single large invariant substring of the byte sequences, as well as techniques that look for many short invariant substrings. Pattern-extraction techniques are attractive because signatures can be generated and matched efficiently, and earlier work has shown the existence of invariants in exploits. In this paper, we show fundamental limits on the accuracy of pattern-extraction algorithms for signaturegeneration in an adversarial setting. We formulate a framework that allows a unified analysis of these algorithms, and prove lower bounds on the number of mistakes any patternextraction learning algorithmmust make under common assumptions, by showing how to adapt results from learning theory. While previous work has targeted specific algorithms, our work generalizes these attacks through theoretical analysis to any algorithm with similar assumptions, not just the techniques developed so far. We also analyze when pattern-extraction algorithms may work, by showing conditions under which these lower bounds are weakened. Our results are applicable to other kinds of signature-generation algorithms as well, those that use properties of the exploit that can be manipulated.
INTRAOPERATIVE DUPLEX SONOGRAPHY FOR THE TREATMENT OF LARGE AND GIANT ANEURYSMS. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 13 CASES

Object: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative duplex sonography in the treatment of large (17-24 mm) and giant (>25mm) intracranial aneurysm. Methods: A Retrospective clinical review of 13 cases of giant and large aneurysm treated in Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Bulgaria. Results: The preoperative location of the aneurysm was as follows: MCA 6 pts (46%), ICA -5 pts (38%), ICA-Ophthalmic 1pt (8%) AcomA – 1pt (8%). Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS) used in all of the cases for intraoperative visualization of the aneurysm, adequate clip position. Endoscopy was applied additionally in 4 of the cases (31%). The IOUS visualization of distal blood flow achieved in 4 out of 13 patients (30%). Due to the IOUS image clip reposition was done in 1 pt (8%). In 10 pts (77%), clipping of the aneurysm was performed, and 3 cases (23%) the aneurysms were treated by wrapping. On postoperative CTA controls, complete aneurysm obliteration was observed in all clipped patients. In 3 (23%) patients under IOUS guidance, the aneurysmal walls were reduced in size using bipolar coagulation with the further good presentation of the aneurysmal neck, which allowed adequate clip placement. Conclusion: The initial experience with this technique indicates that it is a reliable tool for blood flow evaluation in large and giant aneurysms, as well as the presence intraluminal thrombosis and calcifications in the aneurysm wall. The data from IOUS facilitates a more secure microsurgical dissection and in some situations gives additional data needed for clip repositioning and intraoperative diagnosis. The combination of IOUS and endoscopy provides additional information, which could aid the management of these lesions.
Sign Language Number Recognition

Sign language number recognition system lays down foundation for handshape recognition which addresses real and current problems in signing in the deaf community and leads to practical applications. The input for the sign language number recognition system is 5000 Filipino Sign Language number video file with 640 x 480 pixels frame size and 15 frame/second. The color-coded gloves uses less color compared with other color-coded gloves in the existing research. The system extracts important features from the video using multi-color tracking algorithm which is faster than existing color tracking algorithm because it did not use recursive technique. Next, the system learns and recognizes the Filipino Sign Language number in training and testing phase using Hidden Markov Model. The system uses Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for training and testing phase. The feature extraction could track 92.3% of all objects. The recognizer also could recognize Filipino sign language number with 85.52% average accuracy.
Locking Key Ranges with Unbundled Transaction Services

To adapt database technology to new environments like cloud platforms or multi-core hardware, or to try anew to provide an extensible database platform, it is useful to separate transaction services from data management elements that need close physical proximity to data. With "generic" transactional services of concurrency control and recovery in a separate transactional component (TC), indexing, cache and disk management, now in a data component (DC), can be simplified and tailored more easily to the platform or to a data type extension with a special purpose index. This decomposition requires that details of the DC's management of data be hidden from the TC. Thus, locking and logging need to be "logical", which poses a number of problems. One problem is the handling of locking for ranges of keys. Locks need to be taken at the TC prior to the records and their keys being known to the TC. We describe generic two approaches for dealing with this. (1) Make a "speculative" visit" to the DC to learn key values. (2) Lock a "covering resource" first, then learn and lock key values and ultimately release the covering resource lock. The "table" is the only logical (and hence known to the TC) covering resourse in the traditional locking hierarchy, but using it limits concurrency. Concurrency is improved with the introduction of new partition resources. We show how partitions as covering resources combine high concurrency with low locking overhead. Using partitions is sufficiently effective to consider adapting it for a traditional database kernel.
Direct determination of 3-chloropropanol esters in edible vegetable oils using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-Orbitrap)

ABSTRACT A series of refined edible oils derived from mixed seeds, peanuts, corn, sunflower and palm obtained from the local supermarket were analyzed for their content of 3-MCPD esters. A direct analytical method for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPD esters) was applied to investigate the major MCPD esters found in common edible oils; in particular seven types of monoesters and eleven types of diesters were detected. The limits of detection (LODs) for monoesters and diesters of 3-MCPD were in the range of 0.079–12.678 µg kg−1 and 0.033–18.610 µg kg−1 in edible oils, and the ranges of limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.979–38.035 µg kg−1 and 0.100–55 µg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries of 3-MCPD esters from oil samples were in the range of 80–100%, with RSD ranging between 1.9 and 11.8%. The concentration levels of total 3-MCPD diesters in vegetable oil samples were in the range from 0.106 up to 3.444 μg g−1 whereas total monoesters ranged from 0.005 up to 1.606 μg g−1. Graphical Abstract
Entropic Updating of Probabilities and Density Matrices

We find that the standard relative entropy and the Umegaki entropy are designed for the purpose of inferentially updating probabilities and density matrices, respectively. From the same set of inferentially guided design criteria, both of the previously stated entropies are derived in parallel. This formulates a quantum maximum entropy method for the purpose of inferring density matrices in the absence of complete information.
Trafficking through COPII Stabilises Cell Polarity and Drives Secretion during Drosophila Epidermal Differentiation

Background The differentiation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) at the apical side of epithelial cells implies massive polarised secretion and membrane trafficking. An epithelial cell is hence engaged in coordinating secretion and cell polarity for a correct and efficient ECM formation. Principal Findings We are studying the molecular mechanisms that Drosophila tracheal and epidermal cells deploy to form their specific apical ECM during differentiation. In this work we demonstrate that the two genetically identified factors haunted and ghost are essential for polarity maintenance, membrane topology as well as for secretion of the tracheal luminal matrix and the cuticle. We show that they code for the Drosophila COPII vesicle-coating components Sec23 and Sec24, respectively, that organise vesicle transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Conclusion Taken together, epithelial differentiation during Drosophila embryogenesis is a concerted action of ECM formation, plasma membrane remodelling and maintenance of cell polarity that all three rely mainly, if not absolutely, on the canonical secretory pathway from the ER over the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that COPII vesicles constitute a central hub for these processes.
Behavioral / Systems / Cognitive Coding of Stereoscopic Depth Information in Visual Areas V 3 and V 3 A

The process of stereoscopic depth perception is thought to begin with the analysis of absolute binocular disparity, the difference in position of corresponding features in the left and right eye images with respect to the points of fixation. Our sensitivity to depth, however, is greater when depth judgments are based on relative disparity, the difference between two absolute disparities, compared to when they are based on absolute disparity. Therefore, the visual system is thought to compute relative disparities for fine depth discrimination. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in humans and monkeys have suggested that visual areas V3 and V3A may be specialized for stereoscopic depth processing based on relative disparities. In this study, we measured absolute and relative disparity-tuning of neurons in V3 and V3A of alert fixating monkeys, and we compared their basic tuning properties with those published previously for other visual areas. We found that neurons in V3 and V3A predominantly encode absolute, not relative, disparities. We also found that basic parameters of disparity-tuning in V3 and V3A are similar to those from other extrastriate visual areas. Finally, by comparing single-unit activity with multi-unit activity measured at the same recording site, we demonstrate that neurons with similar disparity selectivity are clustered in both V3 and V3A. We conclude that areas V3 and V3A are not particularly specialized for processing stereoscopic depth information compared to other early visual areas, at least with respect to the tuning properties that we have examined.
An adaptive Length chromosome Hyper-Heuristic Genetic Algorithm for a Trainer Scheduling Problem

Hyper-GA was introduced by the authors as a genetic algorithm based hyperheuristic which aims to evolve an ordering of low-level heuristics so as to find a good quality solution to a given problem. The adaptive length chromosome hyper-GA, let’s call it ALChyper-GA, is an extension of the authors previous work, in which the chromosome was of fixed length. The aim of a variable length chromosome is two fold; 1) it allows dynamic removal and insertion of heuristics 2) it allows the GA to find a good chromosome length which could otherwise only be found by experimentation. We apply the ALChyper-GA to a geographically distributed training staff and courses scheduling problem, and report that good quality solution can be found. We also present results for four versions of the ALChyper-GA, applied to five test data sets.
A liveness checking algorithm that counts

We present a simple but novel algorithm for checking liveness properties of finite-state systems, called k-Liveness, which is based on counting and bounding the number of times a fairness constraint can become true. Our implementation of the algorithm is completely SAT-based, works fairly well in practice, and is competitive in performance with alternative methods. In addition, we present a pre-processing technique which can automatically derive extra fairness constraints for any given liveness problem. These constraints can be used to potentially boost the performance of any liveness algorithm. The experimental results show that the extra constraints are particularly beneficial in combination with our k-Liveness algorithm.
Association of vegetable and fruit intake with gastric cancer risk among Japanese: a pooled analysis of four cohort studies.

BACKGROUND Prospective evidence is inconsistent regarding the association between vegetable/fruit intake and the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS In an analysis of original data from four population-based prospective cohort studies encompassing 191 232 participants, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer incidence according to vegetable and fruit intake and conducted a meta-analysis of HRs derived from each study. RESULTS During 2 094 428 person-years of follow-up, 2995 gastric cancer cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found a marginally significant decrease in gastric cancer risk in relation to total vegetable intake but not total fruit intake: the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI; P for trend) for the highest versus the lowest quintile of total vegetable intake was 0.89 (0.77-1.03; P for trend = 0.13) among men and 0.83 (0.67-1.03; P for trend = 0.40) among women. For distal gastric cancer, the multivariate HR for the highest quintile of total vegetable intake was 0.78 (0.63-0.97; P for trend = 0.02) among men. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis of data from large prospective studies in Japan suggests that vegetable intake reduces gastric cancer risk, especially the risk of distal gastric cancer among men.
Role of endothelin‐1 in the hyper‐responsiveness to nitrovasodilators following acute NOS inhibition

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute NOS inhibition in humans and animals is associated with hypersensitivity to NO donors. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether hypersensitivity to NOS‐blockade is linked to endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) signalling.
Anchoring of Heterochromatin to the Nuclear Lamina Reinforces Dosage Compensation-Mediated Gene Repression

Higher order chromosome structure and nuclear architecture can have profound effects on gene regulation. We analyzed how compartmentalizing the genome by tethering heterochromatic regions to the nuclear lamina affects dosage compensation in the nematode C. elegans. In this organism, the dosage compensation complex (DCC) binds both X chromosomes of hermaphrodites to repress transcription two-fold, thus balancing gene expression between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. X chromosome structure is disrupted by mutations in DCC subunits. Using X chromosome paint fluorescence microscopy, we found that X chromosome structure and subnuclear localization are also disrupted when the mechanisms that anchor heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina are defective. Strikingly, the heterochromatic left end of the X chromosome is less affected than the gene-rich middle region, which lacks heterochromatic anchors. These changes in X chromosome structure and subnuclear localization are accompanied by small, but significant levels of derepression of X-linked genes as measured by RNA-seq, without any observable defects in DCC localization and DCC-mediated changes in histone modifications. We propose a model in which heterochromatic tethers on the left arm of the X cooperate with the DCC to compact and peripherally relocate the X chromosomes, contributing to gene repression.
Tailoring therapeutic strategies for treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by three major symptom clusters following an event that elicited fear, helplessness, or horror. This review will examine each symptom cluster of PTSD separately, giving case study examples of patients who exhibit a preponderance of a given symptom domain. We use a translational approach in describing the underlying neurobiology that is relevant to particular symptoms and treatment options, thus showing how clinical practice can benefit from current research. By focusing on symptom clusters, we provide a more specific view of individual patient’s clinical presentations, in order to better address treatment needs. Finally, the review will also address potential genetic approaches to treatment as another form of individualized treatment.
Effects of the cFMS Kinase Inhibitor 5-(3-Methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (GW2580) in Normal and Arthritic Rats

The cFMS (cellular homolog of the V-FMS oncogene product of the Susan McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus) (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:3331–3335, 1986) kinase inhibitor 5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (GW2580) inhibits colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1-induced monocyte growth and bone degradation in vitro and inhibits CSF-1 signaling through cFMS kinase in 4-day models in mice (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:16078, 2005). In the present study, the kinase selectivity of GW2580 was further characterized, and the effects of chronic treatment were evaluated in normal and arthritic rats. GW2580 selectively inhibited cFMS kinase compared with 186 other kinases in vitro and completely inhibited CSF-1-induced growth of rat monocytes, with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM. GW2580 dosed orally at 25 and 75 mg/kg 1 and 5 h before the injection of lipopolysaccharide inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α production by 60 to 85%, indicating a duration of action of at least 5 h. In a 21-day adjuvant arthritis model, GW2580 dosed twice a day (b.i.d.) from days 0 to 21, 7 to 21, or 14 to 21 inhibited joint connective tissue and bone destruction as assessed by radiology, histology and bone mineral content measurements. In contrast, GW2580 did not affect ankle swelling in the adjuvant model nor did it affect ankle swelling in a model where local arthritis is reactivated by peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers. GW2580 administered to normal rats for 21 days showed no effects on tissue histology and only modest changes in serum clinical chemistry and blood hematology. In conclusion, GW2580 was effective in preserving joint integrity in the adjuvant arthritis model while showing minimal effects in normal rats.
Prdm6 Is Essential for Cardiovascular Development In Vivo

Members of the PRDM protein family have been shown to play important roles during embryonic development. Previous in vitro and in situ analyses indicated a function of Prdm6 in cells of the vascular system. To reveal physiological functions of Prdm6, we generated conditional Prdm6-deficient mice. Complete deletion of Prdm6 results in embryonic lethality due to cardiovascular defects associated with aberrations in vascular patterning. However, smooth muscle cells could be regularly differentiated from Prdm6-deficient embryonic stem cells and vascular smooth muscle cells were present and proliferated normally in Prdm6-deficient embryos. Conditional deletion of Prdm6 in the smooth muscle cell lineage using a SM22-Cre driver line resulted in perinatal lethality due to hemorrhage in the lungs. We thus identified Prdm6 as a factor that is essential for the physiological control of cardiovascular development.