Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in two districts of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia.

Trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease that causes serious economic losses in livestock, especially in sub-Saharan countries. This study was conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 in the Diga and Sasiga districts of the East Wollega zone in western Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors. A total of 386 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined and samples were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique. Out of 386 blood samples, 8.55% tested positive for trypanosomes. The majority of the infections were caused by Trypanosoma congolense (72.73%), followed by Trypanosoma vivax (27.27%). There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between districts, altitudes, sexes and ages, but the prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle which were in poor body condition. The mean PCV value of infected animals (21.45 ± 3.62 s.d.) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of non-infected animals (26.60 ± 4.60 s.d.). A total of 1151 flies were caught by deploying 21 monoconical shaped traps. Of these flies, 822 (71.42%) were Glossina, whilst the remaining flies were either Stomoxys (17.20%) or Tabanus (11.38%). The overall apparent densities of tsetse and biting flies were 1.45 and 0.58 flies per trap per day, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed that trypanosomes and their vectors are prevalent and still pose a threat to cattle production in the area. Therefore, proper strategies have to be designed and implemented to minimise their effect on livestock production.
Paraphrase Generation as Monolingual Translation: Data and Evaluation

In this paper we investigate the automatic generation and evaluation of sentential paraphrases. We describe a method for generating sentential paraphrases by using a large aligned monolingual corpus of news headlines acquired automatically from Google News and a standard Phrase-Based Machine Translation (PBMT) framework. The output of this system is compared to a word substitution baseline. Human judges prefer the PBMT paraphrasing system over the word substitution system. We demonstrate that BLEU correlates well with human judgements provided that the generated paraphrased sentence is sufficiently different from the source sentence.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Epidemiology , diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis

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Solving Fractional Order Optimal Control Problems in RIOTS 95-A General-Purpose Optimal Control Problems Solver ⋆

This paper introduces a new direction to approximately solving fractional order optimal control problems (FOCPs). A general methodology is described that can potentially solve any type of FOCPs (linear/nonlinear, time-invariant/time-variant, SISO/MIMO, state/input constrained, free terminal conditions etc.). Oustaloup’s approximation is used to model the fractional differentiation operator in integer order state-space form. The FOCP is then reformulated to be solved by RIOTS 95, a general-purpose optimal control problem (OCP) solver in the form of a MATLAB toolbox. Illustrative examples from the literature are reproduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the propose methodology and a free final time OCP is also demonstrated.
Evaluating and Using Observational Evidence: The Contrasting Views of Policy Makers and Epidemiologists

Background Currently, little is known about the types of evidence used by policy makers. This study aimed to investigate how policy makers in the health domain use and evaluate evidence and how this differs from academic epidemiologists. By having a better understanding of how policy makers select, evaluate, and use evidence, academics can tailor the way in which that evidence is produced, potentially leading to more effective knowledge translation. Methods An exploratory mixed-methods study design was used. Quantitative measures were collected via an anonymous online survey (n = 28), with sampling from three health-related government and non-government organizations. Semi-structured interviews with policy makers (n = 20) and epidemiologists (n = 6) were conducted to gather qualitative data. Results Policy makers indicated systematic reviews were the preferred research resource (19%), followed closely by qualitative research (16%). Neither policy makers nor epidemiologists used grading instruments to evaluate evidence. In the web survey, policy makers reported that consistency and strength of evidence (93%), the quality of data (93%), bias in the evidence (79%), and recency of evidence (79%) were the most important factors taken into consideration when evaluating the available evidence. The same results were found in the qualitative interviews. Epidemiologists focused on the methodology used in the study. The most cited barriers to using robust evidence, according to policy makers, were political considerations (60%), time limitations (55%), funding (50%), and research not being applicable to current policies (50%). Conclusion The policy maker’s investigation did not report a systematic approach to evaluating evidence. Although there was some overlap between what policy makers and epidemiologists identified as high-quality evidence, there was also some important differences. This suggests that the best scientific evidence may not routinely be used in the development of policy. In essence, the policy-making process relied on other jurisdictions’ policies and the opinions of internal staff members as primary evidence sources to inform policy decisions. Findings of this study suggest that efforts should be directed toward making scientific information more systematically available to policy makers.
Labor Force Participation of Immigrant Women in the Netherlands: Do Traditional Partners Hold Them Back? 1

Female labor force participation (FLFP) rates often vary across ethnic groups. This study examined the role of the partner's labor market resources and gender role attitudes for FLFP in different ethnic groups. Cross-sectional data of women in partnerships from the four biggest immigrant groups in the Netherlands and from a native Dutch control group were analyzed. Traditional gender role attitudes of partners were negatively related to FLFP and partly explained ethnic differences therein. Moreover, across all groups, the relation between partners’ labor market resources and FLFP was more negative for traditional women and rather absent for egalitarian women.
A Convergent Validity Study of Six Jealousy Scales

To determine the convergent validity of 6 measures of jealousy, these measures along with two measures of neuroticism, two measures of romantic love, and a measure of extraversion were factor analyzed. The factors identified were jealousy-neurosis, jealousy, extraversion, and romantic love. An examination of the item format of the three jealousy scales that loaded on the first factor indicated that they might be contaminated by the social desirability response set. An examination of the jealousy scales that loaded on the second factor showed convergence and a weak relationship with neuroticism and romantic love.
A Qualitative Investigation of Perceived Executive Ethical Leadership: Perceptions from Inside and Outside the Executive Suite

Senior executives are thought to provide the organization’s ethical ‘tone at the top’. We conducted an inductive interview-based study aimed at defining the perceived content domain of executive ethical leadership. We interviewed two types of key informants - corporate ethics officers and senior executives - about executive ethical leadership and then a contrasting category we labeled ‘ethically neutral’ leadership. Systematic analysis of the data identified multiple dimensions of ethical and ethically neutral leadership. The findings suggest that ethical leadership is more than traits such as integrity and more than values-based inspirational leadership. It includes an overlooked transactional component that involves using communication and the reward system to guide ethical behavior. Similarities and differences between ethics officers’ and senior executives’ perceptions also led to insights about the importance of vantage point and social salience in perceptions of executive ethical leadership. In order to be perceived as an ethical leader by those outside the executive suite, the executive must engage in socially salient behaviors that make the executive stand out as an ethical figure against an ethically neutral ground.
Rescuing Aunt Sally: Taking Institutional Theory Seriously in Urban Politics

The sub-discipline of 'urban politics' has been constructed in opposition to a traditional version of 'institutional theory'-an approach that collapsed the political processes affecting urban communities with the workings of elected local government. Attention has shifted towards the broader influences on local decision-making and to the growing fragmentation of urban government and the rise of 'partnerships'. The article argues that recent developments, far from signifying the last gasp of 'institutionalism', call for a reformulated theory of the (diverse) institutional constraints within which urban political processes operate. Drawing on insights from the 'new institutionalism', the article discusses processes of institutional change and differentiation ; the underlying shift from strong to weak forms of institutional constraint; and the challenges involved in redesigning local political institutions.
Asset Prices and Business Cycles with Financial Frictions

Existing dynamic general equilibrium models have not been fully successful at explaining the high volatility of asset prices that we observe in the data. We construct a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and financial frictions that addresses this issue. In each period only a fraction of firms can start new projects, which cannot be fully financed externally due to a financial constraint. We allow the tightness of the financial constraint to vary over time. Fluctuations in the tightness of the financial constraint result in fluctuations in the supply of equity and consequently in the price of equity. We calibrate the model to the U.S. data to assess the quantitative importance of fluctuations in the tightness of the financial constraint. The model generates a volatility in the price of equity comparable to the aggregate stock market while also fitting key aspects of the behavior of aggregate quantities.
Stress response in shoulder surgery under interscalene block, randomized controlled study comparing ultrasound guidance to nerve stimulation

Background: Shoulder surgeries are known to cause moderate to severe pain. Many techniques have been used successfully to minimize that stress response including interscalene block. Ultrasound guided techniques are becoming widely spread and commonly used for regional anesthesia. The objective of the present randomized controlled study is to compare the ultrasound guidance with nerve stimulation for interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB) regarding the effect on stress response. Patients and Methods: 50 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, and III, undergoing shoulder surgery were enrolled in the current study. Group U patients (n = 25) received ultrasound guided IBPB and Group N patients (n = 25) received IBPB using nerve locator. IBPB was done under ultrasound guidance using the linear 13-6 MHz transducer of the SonoSite M-Turbo ultrasonic device. In both groups, venous blood samples to measure cortisol level and assess stress response as a primary outcome were collected. Results: The current study demonstrated that the stress response, as indicated by the cortisol level in blood, showed no significant difference in the preoperative blood level between Group U and Group N, as well as blood level after block and before skin incision. However, it differed significantly between the two groups postoperatively. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the use of ultrasound guidance for IBPB in shoulder surgeries offered a significant suppression of the stress response intraoperatively and postoperatively as indicated by the low cortisol level with less complications and easier technique compared to nerve location.
The categorisation process in intergroup relations

In the first two parts of the paper a distinction is made between a ‚conflict or convergence of interests' approach (Sherif) and a ‚categorisation' approach (Tajfel) in the area of the experimental study of intergroup relations. Some recent experimental findings are mentioned, and a theoretical development of the categorisation approach is proposed. In the third part a new experiment illustrating the relevance of the categorisation approach is described.
KILOPARSEC-SCALE PROPERTIES OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES

We perform a detailed study of the resolved properties of emission-line galaxies at kiloparsec scales to investigate how small-scale and global properties of galaxies are related. We use a sample of 119 galaxies in the GOODS fields. The galaxies are selected to cover a wide range in morphologies over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.3. High resolution spectroscopic data from Keck/DEIMOS observations are used to fix the redshift of all the galaxies in our sample. Using the HST/ACS and HST/WFC3 imaging data taken as a part of the CANDELS project, for each galaxy, we perform spectral energy distribution fitting per resolution element, producing resolved rest-frame U − V color, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), age, and extinction maps. We develop a technique to identify “regions” of statistical significance within individual galaxies, using their rest-frame color maps to select red and blue regions, a broader definition for what are called “clumps” in other works. As expected, for any given galaxy, the red regions are found to have higher stellar mass surface densities and older ages compared to the blue regions. Furthermore, we quantify the spatial distribution of red and blue regions with respect to both redshift and stellar mass, finding that the stronger concentration of red regions toward the centers of galaxies is not a significant function of either redshift or stellar mass. We find that the “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies exists among both red and blue regions inside galaxies, with the median of blue regions forming a tighter relation with a slope of 1.1 ± 0.1 and a scatter of ∼0.2 dex compared to red regions with a slope of 1.3 ± 0.1 and a scatter of ∼0.6 dex. The blue regions show higher specific SFRs (sSFRs) than their red counterparts with the sSFR decreasing since z ∼ 1, driven primarily by the stellar mass surface densities rather than the SFRs at a given resolution element.
Effects of sulphur preservative on phytochemical and antioxidant capacity of peels of mango cultivars ( Mangifera indica L.) produced in South Africa

Fruits have abundant phytochemicals that contribute as bioactive molecules with ability to lower incidence of diseases. Mangoes are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants. In this study, peels of six selected mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins, Peach, Saber, Sunshine, Keitt and Vhavenda) were treated with sulphur dioxide solutions (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm) as preservative of phytochemicals and antioxidants capacity. Regardless of cultivar, sulphur concentration had effect on composition of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of mango peels, reaching a plateau at 50 ppm. Vhavenda cultivar has significantly highest polyphenols and antioxidant capacity than the other cultivars evaluated. This study reveals that mango peels are a prospective source of natural antioxidants as they constitute significantly higher total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Keywords: Antioxidants, mango cultivars, peels, phytochemicals, sulphur. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(41), pp. 6007-6012
Systematic taxonomy of exceptionally well-preserved planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene/Oligocene boundary of Tanzania

Diverse and extremely well-preserved assemblages of planktonic foraminifera were recovered from three drill holes through the Eocene/Oligocene boundary in southern Tanzania (Tanzania Drilling Project Sites 11, 12, and 17). The excellent state of preservation of the tests permits detailed investigation of wall textures and surface ornamentation, helping us to elucidate details of functional morphology and clarify the species-level and higher taxonomy of the group. We illustrate and discuss the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of fourteen genera and thirty-five species including three new species: Globoturborotalita barbula n. sp. , Subbotina tecta n. sp. , and Dentoglobigerina taci n. sp. Observations / proposals include (i) that Globigerinita unicava primitiva Blow & Banner is assigned to Catapsydrax unicavus, (ii) that Globorotalia (Turborotalia) permicra Blow & Banner is a pre-adult Globorotaloides, (iii) a description of a peculiar new wall texture in Globoturborotalita barbula n. sp. , (iv) a revised understanding of Subbotina gortanii based on a new appreciation of the holotypes of Globigerina turritilina turritilina Blow & Banner and Globigerina turritilina praeturritilina Blow & Banner, (v) a revision of the genus Dentoglobigerina Blow to include some species that lack umbilical teeth, (vi) evidence for spine holes in several species of Dentoglobigerina, (vii) assignment of Globigerina prasaepis Blow to Dentoglobigerina as a distinct species related to D. venezuelana, and (viii) a discussion of the wall texture, apertural system and symmetry of Cribrohantkenina and its evolutionary origins.
The rise and decline of national habitus

Why are things different on the other side of national borders and how can this be explained sociologically? Using as its point of departure Dutch cycling culture, a paradigmatic example of non-state-led national similarity, this article explores these questions. The first section introduces Norbert Elias’ concept of ‘national habitus’, using this notion to critique comparative sociology and argue for a more processual approach to national comparison. The second section discusses four processes that have contributed to increasing similarity within nations: growing interdependence within nations; increasing density of networks and institutions; vertical diffusion of styles and standards; and the development of national we-feelings. Together, these processes have contributed to the development of national habitus: increasing similarities within nations and increasing differences between people living in different countries. These processes reached their apex in the second half of the 20th century. The third section explores how these processes have diminished since the 1960s, leading to increasing variations within countries and growing similarities between comparable groups in different countries. Both the rise and decline of national habitus are illustrated by changes in Dutch cycling culture. Particularly important is the breakdown of trickle down as a result of the rise of the egalitarian informal ethos. This analysis poses new challenges for sociologists: first, concerning comparative research; second, concerning the diffusion of styles and standards; and, third, concerning the consequences of the decline of national habitus for social inequality, as evidenced by the growing rift between ‘locals’ and (bike-loving) ‘cosmopolitans’.
Covalently Attached Liquids: Instant Omniphobic Surfaces with Unprecedented Repellency.

Recent strategies to prepare "omniphobic" surfaces have demonstrated that minimizing contact angle hysteresis (CAH) is the key criterion for effectiveness. CAH is affected by chemistry and topography defects at the molecular and higher levels, thus most surfaces exhibit significant CAH. Preparative methods for stable coatings on smooth substrates with negligible CAH (<2°) for a broad range of liquids have not been reported. In this work, we describe a simple and rapid procedure to prepare omniphobic surfaces that are stable under pressure and durable at elevated temperatures. Consistent with theory, they exhibit sliding angles that decrease with liquid surface tension. Slippery omniphobic covalently attached liquid (SOCAL) surfaces are obtained through acid-catalyzed graft polycondensation of dimethyldimethoxysilane. The smooth, stable, and temperature-resistant coatings show extremely low CAH (≤1°) and low sliding angles for liquids that span surface tensions from 78.2 to 18.4 mN m(-1).
Improving students’ chemical literacy levels on thermochemical and thermodynamics concepts through a context-based approach

The aim of this study was to delve into the effect of context-based approach (CBA) over traditional instruction (TI) on students’ chemical literacy level related to thermochemical and thermodynamics concepts. Four eleventh-grade classes with 118 students in total taught by two teachers from a public high school in 2012 fall semester were enrolled in this particular study. The treatments were randomly assigned to the already formed classes; experimental groups were treated as CBA, the control groups as TI. Each teacher had one experimental and one control group. Open-ended contextual item sets were developed to assess students’ chemical literacy level in thermochemical and thermodynamics concepts. The test was administered to both groups as a post-test at the end of the implementation. Students’ responses to item sets were analyzed based on the rubric prepared as the answer key. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for interpreting the data. The results reveal that CBA is superior to TI on improving students’ chemical literacy levels, implying that CBA, as a discussion platform for concepts through real-life experiences, has a significant role in increasing students’ chemical literacy levels in abstract and difficult concepts regardless of the gender difference.