Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provisioning servers in the application tier for e-commerce systems

Server providers that support e-commerce applications as a service to multiple e-commerce websites traditionally use a tiered server architecture. This architecture includes an application tier to process requests that require dynamically generated content. How this tier is provisioned can significantly impact a provider's profit margin. We study methods to provision servers in the application serving tier to increase a server provider's profits. First, we examine actual traces of request arrivals to the application tier of e-commerce sites, and show that the arrival process is effectively Poisson. Next, we construct an optimization problem in the context of a set of application servers modeled as M/G/l/PS queueing systems, and derive three simple methods to approximate the allocation that maximizes profits. Simulation results demonstrate that our approximation methods achieve profits that are close to optimal and are significantly higher than those achieved via simple heuristics.
Hitching a Ride on the Tiger's Back: Globalisation and Spatial Imaginaries in New Zealand

In this paper I develop a genealogy of globalisation in New Zealand informed by the neo-Foucauldian literature on governmentality. My claim is that globalisation involves a shift-in the object of economic governance away from the national economy and towards the circuits of global capital. This shift is associated with a change in spatial imaginaries. Through an analysis of three key arenas—social policy, foreign direct investment, and immigration—I show that policies and programmes, designed to fulfil these new political ambitions, aim to articulate individuals, sectors, and regions into the economic flows and networks of the Pacific Rim. In this regard, globalisation can be usefully understood as a political strategy that promotes a new understanding of the means and ends of economic governance.
Democratic Renewal, Urban Planning and Civil Society: The Regeneration of Bagnoli, Naples

Antonio Bassolino's election as mayor of Naples in 1993 coincided with the final closure of the Italsider steelworks at Bagnoli. The new left administration saw urban regeneration as a unique opportunity to mark the beginning of a new era. The distinctive traits of the Bagnoli master plan were: in terms of procedures, traditional command-and-control planning tools and a rejection of a governance approach; in terms of content, a grand environmentalist vision. This paper explores Neapolitan ‘exceptionalism’ in urban planning during the Bassolino administration and those of his successors, with a view to assessing whether it can provide the European left with an alternative model to the currently dominant ‘city entrepreneurialism’ and whether and how it has successfully addressed the tension between efficient planning and democratic legitimacy.
Student Participation in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey.

After the 2001 meeting of the European Ministers of Education held in Prague, higher education institutions in Turkey took serious actions in order to implement the goals of the Bologna Declaration (1999). Arrangements made for the democratization of universities and student participation in the decision‐making process formed one of the predominant actions. The formal point of these arrangements – aimed at student involvement in the university governance process via Student Councils and their representatives, was prescribed by law and forced universities to comply with the process. The present research provides information about the legal arrangements in higher education institutions concerning student involvement in the university decision‐making process and the obstacles met within the course of application. In addition, it presents the findings of an empirical study related to student representation and involvement in governance through the agency of the Student Councils.
Discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine in rats trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg clozapine vs. 5.0 mg/kg clozapine vs. vehicle

Clozapine, the prototype for atypical antipsychotic drugs, is used in the drug discrimination paradigm as a model for screening atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs. Previous drug discrimination studies in rats have shown that a 1.25 mg/kg clozapine training dose provides full stimulus generalization (i.e.) ≥80% condition-appropriate responding) to most atypical antipsychotic drugs, although a 5.0 mg/kg clozapine training dose appears necessary to provide stimulus generalization to other atypical antipsychotic drugs. The present study sought to characterize the pharmacological mechanisms that mediate these clozapine training doses. In rats trained to discriminate 1.25 vs. 5.0 mg/kg clozapine vs. vehicle in a three-choice drug discrimination task, various receptor-selective compounds were tested for stimulus generalization. The antidepressant mianserin was also tested. Full stimulus generalization from the 1.25 mg/kg clozapine training dose occurred only to mianserin (98.8%). Partial substitution (i.e. ≥60% and <80% condition-appropriate responding) to the 5.0 mg/kg clozapine training dose occurred for the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine. The combined total percentage of responding on the 1.25 and 5.0 mg/kg clozapine levers, however, was well above the full substitution criteria at the 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg scopolamine doses. The M1 agonist N-desmethylclozapine, the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, the D1 antagonist SCH 23390, the D4 antagonist LU 38-012, the 5-HT1A agonist (+)-8-OH-DPAT, the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100 635, the 5-HT2A/2B/2C antagonist ritanserin, the 5-HT6 antagonist RO4368554, the &agr;1 antagonist prazosin, the &agr;2 antagonist yohimbine, and the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine all failed to substitute for either the 1.25 or the 5.0 mg/kg clozapine training doses. These results are consistent with previous evidence that antidepressant drugs have a tendency to substitute for clozapine and that muscarinic receptor antagonism may mediate the discriminative stimulus properties of 5.0 mg/kg clozapine. The lack of stimulus generalization from either clozapine training dose to other receptor-selective compounds, however, fails to explain how this model screens atypical from typical antipsychotic drugs and suggests that the discriminative stimulus properties of clozapine consist of a compound cue.
Bovine trypanosomosis in three districts of East Gojjam Zone bordering the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND Bovine trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to agricultural production in extensive areas of Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine infection with trypanosomes and to identify the prevailed trypanosome species in three districts of the East Gojjam zone bordering the Blue Nile River from March 2005 to February 2006. Cattle from 9 different localities were checked using microscopical examination of wet blood smears, thin and stained bloodsmears, and by blood centrifugation followed by the examination of the resultant buffy coats. RESULT Of the total 3,360 cattle investigated, 8.2% (3.5%, 11.6% and 9.4% from Dejen, Machakel and Baso-Liben districts respectively) were found to be infected with trypanosomes. Of the total 275 positive animals, 249 (90.5%) appeared to be infected with Trypanosoma vivax; 11 (4%) were infected with T. congolense; and 15 (5.5%) were infected with mixed infection of T. vivax and T. congolense. The prevalence of infection with T. vivax was significantly higher than that of T. congolense (P<0.001). Taking 24-46% as normal PCV value, the mean PCV for the trypanosome-infected cattle (22.09%) was lower than those for the trypanosome-negative animals (26.03). CONCLUSION Trypanosomosis is a disease of considerable importance to the major economic districts bordering the Blue Nile River of the East Gojjam zone, Ethiopia, given the disease's potential to threaten the health and productivity of cattle in this region.
Amplification of Cognitive Motivation and Its Effects on Epistemic Observation

By direct observation, 203 fourth-graders confirmed the conservation of combined weights of sugar and water as measured before and after dissolving. Prior to this confirmation, experimental group subjects were required to choose one of three alternatives of a conservation problem and were presented with a fictitious choice response distribution with conflicting reasons. Control group subjects were given only the multiple-choice problem. Experimental group subjects showed (a) stronger curiosity for confirmation by observation, (b) greater progress in generalizing the principle of weight conservation to a variety of situations, and (c) higher positive correlation between curiosity and amount of progress.
The Influence of Parental Myopia on Children’s Myopia in Different Generations of Parent-Offspring Pairs in South Korea

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the heritabilities of myopia and high myopia across three different generations in Korea. Methods: Parent-offspring pairs of different age groups were included: two parents and their offspring aged 10–19 (“young families”), two parents and their offspring aged 20–29 (“middle-aged families”), and two parents and their offspring aged 30–45 (“older families”) were selected from the 2008–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Variance component methods were used to obtain the heritability estimates for myopia and high myopia using parent-offspring pairs from three generations. Spherical equivalents measured in the right eyes were used. Results: From the 2008–2012 data, 2,716, 1,211, and 477 offspring from 1,807 young, 956 middle-aged, and 434 older families were eligible for the study, respectively. For myopia, the additive genetic portion of phenotypic variance was smaller in the younger families (74.7% in the older families, 48.1% in the middle-aged families, and 40.1% in the young families), and the non-shared environmental portion was greater in the younger families (12.4% in older families, 24.9% in middle-aged families, and 46.5% in young families). In contrast, for high myopia, the additive genetic portion remained roughly constant at approximately 60% in all three generations. Conclusions: With myopia, the environmental portion of the phenotypic variance increased and the additive genetic portion decreased as South Korea became more urbanized. With high myopia, the additive genetic portion remained roughly constant at approximately 60%, despite the urbanization.
Long Horizon Uncovered Interest Parity Re-Assessed

We review the evidence for both short and long horizon uncovered interest parity (UIP) and rational expectations over the period up to 2011, extending the sample examined in Chinn and Meredith (2004) by nearly a decade. We find that the joint hypothesis of UIP and rational expectations (known as the unbiasedness hypothesis) holds better at long horizons than at short, although the effect is somewhat weaker than documented in Chinn and Meredith (2004). Using the formula for the slope coefficient, we identify potential sources for the difference in slope coefficients at different horizons. We attribute our weaker findings for long horizon unbiasedness for certain currencies partly to the advent of extraordinarily low interest rates associated with the zero interest bound in Japan and Switzerland.
Lexis, wordform and complementation pattern: a corpus study

This paper examines the comparative frequency of two complementation patterns (that-clause and wh-clause) with the different wordforms of twenty-six verb lemmas. It is found that in the majority of cases the patterns co-occur differentially with the different word forms. In particular, the wh- clause tends to occur most frequently with the base form while the that-clause occurs with the -ed form. This is explained in terms of the phraseology of the larger unit of which wordform and pattern are a part and in terms of what is construed by the complementation clause. Not all verbs conform to this pattern, however, and alternative combinations of wordform and pattern are also discussed. This paper is intended to test quantitatively the hypothesis that the wordforms comprising lemmas behave differently in terms of their preferred grammatical context. This hypothesis in turn is part of a more general theory that argues for the interdependence of lexis and grammar.
Factors that contribute to high turnover among residential child care staff

In this paper we draw on our own empirical research and that of others to consider the factors that contribute to high staff turnover in residential child care. First, we focus on the problem of retaining staff in children’s services. Second, we turn our attention to the factors that contribute to staff turnover in residential care: namely, perceptions of the service; of children and young people; and of human resource issues. Third, we attempt to draw out the implications of high turnover for policy and practice. The negative image of residential care has persisted in the wake of a plethora of abuse scandals. The increasing emotional and behavioural problems presented by the children cared for, and the violence and verbal abuse directed at staff are key retention issues. Moreover, poor conditions of employment contribute to staff perceptions of the work as a short-term career choice only. The potential means of resolving these problems are explored, and the future research agenda highlighted.
Diallyl Disulphide Protects against Colon Cancer in vitro, of HT-29 Cells and in Male Rabbits of Colon Cancer Model: An Analysis of Genetic andEpigenetic Variations

Diet and dietary habits are currently accused of being among cancer causing agents. The present study was carried out in a trial to point at the beneficial anti-cancer properties of one the most Egyptian traditional food components (Garlic). We studied the anti-cancerous properties of Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a major organosulfur compound in garlic oil, on HT29 colon cancer cell line and in vivo of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as an animal model of colon cancer. DADS showed differential effect on the expression of a group of genes, as it down-regulated the expression of oncogenes (e.g., CTNNB1, CCDN1, BIRC5, MYC and AKT), while up-regulated the expression of tumour suppressor gene (TP53) and apoptosis regulator gene (BAX). DADS apoptotic effect was also seen via inducing the expression of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Moreover, DADS induced chromatin configuration changes through increasing histone acetylation of histone-3 and -4. Examination of 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced cancer in vivo model (O. cuniculus) showed histological changes characteristic for colon tumorigenesis such as, hyperplastic intraepithelial lesions, neoplastic changes and lymphocytes infiltration, which were strongly attenuated in animals coinjected with both DADS and DMH and were not observed in the animals that received DADS prior to DMH treatment. This study suggested the protective properties of DADS against colon cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Targeting Business Users with Decision Table Classifiers

Business users and analysts commonly use spreadsheets and 2D plots to analyze and understand their data. On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) provides these users with added flexibility in pivoting data around different attributes and drilling up and down the multi-dimensional cube of aggregations. Machine learning researchers, however, have concentrated on hypothesis spaces that are foreign to most users: hyper-planes (Perceptrons), neural networks, Bayesian networks, decision trees, nearest neighbors, etc. In this paper we advocate the use of decision table classifiers that are easy for line-of-business users to understand. We describe several variants of algorithms for learning decision tables, compare their performance, and describe a visualization mechanism that we have implemented in MineSet. The performance of decision tables is comparable to other known algorithms, such as C4.5/C5.0, yet the resulting classifiers use fewer attributes and are more comprehensible.
How long is long enough? L2 English development through study abroad programmes varying in duration

The current study analyzes the oral production of advanced learners of English who have Catalan and Spanish as their first languages. Subjects participated in study abroad (SA) programmes in English-speaking countries as part of their undergraduate studies. A role-play task was used to elicit speech from learners prior to SA and upon arrival from SA. We analyze two groups of learners who participated in a three-month stay (N = 33) and a six-month stay (N = 14). Their oral production is measured on the basis of syntactic complexity, and overall accuracy and fluency. Native speakers of English (N = 24) performed the same role-play task so as to provide a baseline. Statistical analyses show a significant advantage of the three-month stay in the target language country over the six-month stay in terms of accuracy and fluency, areas in which, nevertheless, native speakers outperformed both groups at pre- and post-test, regardless of length of stay (LoS).
Drifting Apart? European Journalists and their Audiences

How do the current technological changes and socio-political developments impact on the relationship between European journalists and their audiences? This article draws on selected findings from a larger research project conducted in eleven European countries. Focusing on European journalists’ understanding of their audiences, the paper suggests that in many European countries digital technologies and increased competition play a significant role in the changing relationship between journalists and their audiences. The literature reviews undertaken in the eleven European countries indicate that the relationship between journalists/media professionals and their audiences has undergone significant changes. While the interviewed journalists are alert to a shift towards journalistic practices and formats which permit certain forms of audience participation, many of them sense an increasing disconnection from the public and severe mistrust by citizens; which crucially impacts on their relationship with audiences.
Marburg Virus Evades Interferon Responses by a Mechanism Distinct from Ebola Virus

Previous studies have demonstrated that Marburg viruses (MARV) and Ebola viruses (EBOV) inhibit interferon (IFN)-α/β signaling but utilize different mechanisms. EBOV inhibits IFN signaling via its VP24 protein which blocks the nuclear accumulation of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT1. In contrast, MARV infection inhibits IFNα/β induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. MARV infection is now demonstrated to inhibit not only IFNα/β but also IFNγ-induced STAT phosphorylation and to inhibit the IFNα/β and IFNγ-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of upstream Janus (Jak) family kinases. Surprisingly, the MARV matrix protein VP40, not the MARV VP24 protein, has been identified to antagonize Jak and STAT tyrosine phosphorylation, to inhibit IFNα/β or IFNγ-induced gene expression and to inhibit the induction of an antiviral state by IFNα/β. Global loss of STAT and Jak tyrosine phosphorylation in response to both IFNα/β and IFNγ is reminiscent of the phenotype seen in Jak1-null cells. Consistent with this model, MARV infection and MARV VP40 expression also inhibit the Jak1-dependent, IL-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Finally, expression of MARV VP40 is able to prevent the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1, STAT1, STAT2 or STAT3 which occurs following over-expression of the Jak1 kinase. In contrast, MARV VP40 does not detectably inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2 or Tyk2 when Tyk2 is over-expressed. Mutation of the VP40 late domain, essential for efficient VP40 budding, has no detectable impact on inhibition of IFN signaling. This study shows that MARV inhibits IFN signaling by a mechanism different from that employed by the related EBOV. It identifies a novel function for the MARV VP40 protein and suggests that MARV may globally inhibit Jak1-dependent cytokine signaling.
The Central Role of Self-Esteem for Persons with Psychosis

The overall purpose of this article is to examine the role that self-esteem plays in the lives of individuals experiencing psychotic disorders. Particularly, and following the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, the expression of love as a necessary foundation for self-esteem is explored to assess its significance during and after onset of illness. Initial positive interpersonal relationships and displays of love by the caregiver during infancy may remain embedded within the infant's psyche, thereby having a profound and lasting protective effect during and after onset of illness, contributing to positive internalizations of self-worth and self-esteem in the face of experiences of failure, rejection, and discrimination. When a foundation of love and positive self-regard are not in place, their development may be required as an early step in the process of recovery for individuals with schizophrenia, challenging practitioners to go beyond the formal therapeutic boundaries in which they were trained. An example o.
Cattell, Comrey, and Eysenck personality factors compared: More evidence for the five robust factors?

We administered the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), the Comrey Personality Scales (CPS), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) to a sample of 669 Australians that was controlled in composition for age, sex, and social class. Factor analyses derived from analyzing scales of the three inventories in the same matrix produced a group of factors that were similar to the five robust factors of personality found in studies that used ratings by others. Two of the factors were similar to the two EPI scales and five were similar to five of the eight CPS scales. One of these five factors was similar to a single 16 PF scale. The 16 PF scales were highly overlapping and factorially complex, an indication that fewer than 16 separate constructs are measured at the primary level. There were, however, clear relations between the five factors and the second-order factor structure of the 16 PF, as Karson and O'Dell (1976) described.
Improving problem definition through interactive evolutionary computation

Poor definition and uncertainty are primary characteristics of conceptual design processes. During the initial stages of these generally human-centric activities, little knowledge pertaining to the problem at hand may be available. The degree of problem definition will depend on information available in terms of appropriate variables, constraints, and both quantitative and qualitative objectives. Typically, the problem space develops with information gained in a dynamical process in which design optimization plays a secondary role, following the establishment of a sufficiently well-defined problem domain. This paper concentrates on background human–computer interaction relating to the machine-based generation of high-quality design information that, when presented in an appropriate manner to the designer, supports a better understanding of a problem domain. Knowledge gained from such information combined with the experiential knowledge of the designer can result in a reformulation of the problem, providing increased definition and greater confidence in the machine-based representation. Conceptual design domains related to gas turbine blade cooling systems and a preliminary air frame configuration are introduced. These are utilized to illustrate the integration of interactive evolutionary strategies that support the extraction of optimal design information, its presentation to the designer, and subsequent human-based modification of the design domain based on knowledge gained from the information received. An experimental iterative designer or evolutionary search process resulting in a better understanding of the problem and improved machine-based representation of the design domain is thus established.