Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting wearable app permission mismatches: a case study on Android wear

Wearable devices are becoming increasingly popular. These wearable devices run what is known as wearable apps. Wearable apps are packaged with handheld apps, that must be installed on the accompanying handheld device (e.g., phone). Given that wearable apps are tightly coupled with the handheld apps, any wearable permission must also be requested in the handheld version of the app on the Android Wear platform. However, in some cases, the wearable apps may request permissions that do not exist in the handheld app, resulting in a permission mismatch, and causing the wearable app to error or crash. In this paper, we propose a technique to detect wear app permission mismatches. We perform a case study on 2,409 free Android Wear apps and find that 73 released wearable apps suffer from the permission mismatch problem.
Factors affecting the bacteriology of deep neck infection: a retrospective study of 128 patients

Conclusions. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are advocated for treating deep neck infection. Anaerobic coverage is necessary, especially in odontogenic cases. The presence of diabetes, infection of the parotid space and an obvious odontogenic source of infection can aid in determining the causative organisms. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the bacteriology in deep neck infections and identify the factors that influenced the causative pathogens. Materials and methods. The records of 212 patients who were diagnosed as having deep neck infections at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 1997 and 2003 were reviewed; 128 patients with bacterial isolation from their pus cultures were enrolled. Results. The cultures of 46 patients (35.9%) were polymicrobial. Viridans Streptococcus was the most commonly isolated organism (38.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.0%) and Peptostreptococcus (17.2%). The most common organism in 44 diabetic patients was K. pneumoniae (54.5%), versus viridans streptococcus (48.8%) in 84 nondiabetic patients. In patients with dental sources of infections, the culture rate of anaerobes was 59.3%; in upper airway infections and other sources of infections they were 22.7% and 21.5%, respectively (χ2 test, p = 0.0008). The differences in age, sex, and climate did not show any significant changes in the common causative pathogens. Common pathogens in the infection of parapharyngeal, submandibular, and extended spaces were the same as viridans streptococcus, but in the parotid space K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen.
New aspects of motion perception: selective neural encoding of apparent human movements

Perception of apparent motion operates somewhat differently for objects and human figures. Depending on the interstimulus interval, the latter d may give rise to either perception of a direct path (i.e. biologically impossible) or indirect path (i.e. biologically possible). Here, PET was used to investigate whether a change in brain activity accompanies this perceptual shift. We found neural encoding of apparent motion to be a function of the intrinsic properties of the stimulus presented (object vs human) as well as the kind of human movement path perceived (biomechanically possible vs impossible). Motor and parietal cortex were only involved for possible motion which suggests that these regions are selectively activated to process actions which conform to the capabilities of the observer.
CLIC4 (p64H1) and its putative transmembrane domain form poorly selective, redox-regulated ion channels

Despite being synthesized in the cytosol without a leader sequence, the soluble 253-residue mammalian protein CLIC4 (Chloride Intracellular Channel 4, or p64H1), a structural homologue of Ω-type glutathione-S-transferase, autoinserts into membranes to form an integral membrane protein with ion channel activity. A predicted transmembrane domain (TMD) near the N-terminus of CLIC4 could mediate membrane insertion, and contribute to oligomeric pores, with minimal reorganization of the soluble protein structure. We tested this idea by reconstituting recombinant CLIC4 in planar bilayers containing phosphatidyethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and cholesterol, recording ion channels with a maximum conductance of ∼15 pS in KCl under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. The channels discriminated poorly between anions and cations, incompatible with the current “CLIC” nomenclature, and their conductance was modified by the trans (external or luminal) redox potential, as previously observed for CLIC1. We then reconstituted a truncated version of the protein, limited to the first 61 residues containing the predicted TMD. This included a single trans cysteine residue in the putative pore-forming subunits, at the external entrance to the pore. The truncated protein formed non-selective channels with a reduced conductance, but they retained their trans-redox sensitivity, and could still be blocked or inactivated by trans (not cis) thiol-reative dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid. We suggest that oligomers containing the putative TMD are essential components of the CLIC4 pore. However, the pore is inherently non-selective, and any ionic selectivity in CLIC4 (and other membrane CLICs) may be attributable to other regions of the protein, including the channel vestibules.
Expression of Nitrite and Nitric Oxide Reductases in Free-Living and Plant-Associated Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 Cells

ABSTRACT A number of the bacteria that form associations with plants are denitrifiers. To learn more about how the association with plants affects expression of denitrification genes, the regulation of nitrite and nitric oxide reductases was investigated in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Analysis of free-living cells revealed that expression of the genes encoding nitrite and nitric oxide reductases, nirK and nor, respectively, requires low-oxygen conditions, nitric oxide, and the transcriptional regulator NnrR. Expression of nor was monitored in plant-associated bacteria using nor-gfp fusion expression. In root association experiments, only a small percentage of the attached cells were fluorescent, even when they were incubated under a nitrogen atmosphere. Inactivation of nirK had no significant effect on the ability of A. tumefaciens to bind to plant roots regardless of the oxygen tension, but it did decrease the occurrence of root-associated fluorescent cells. When wild-type cells containing the gfp fusion were infiltrated into leaves, most cells eventually became fluorescent. The same result was obtained when a nirK mutant was used, suggesting that nitric oxide activated nor expression in the endophytic bacteria. Addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to block nitric oxide generation by the plant prevented gfp expression in infiltrated nitrite reductase mutants, demonstrating that plant-derived nitric oxide can activate nor expression in infiltrated cells.
Highly increased CSF tau protein and decreased β-amyloid (1–42) in sporadic CJD: a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease?

The aim was to quantify tau protein and β-amyloid (Aβ42) in the CSF of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and controls. Double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used for measurments. Tau was increased 58-fold in CJD and 3.5-fold in AD compared with controls, whereas Aβ42 was decreased 0.5-fold in both CJD and AD. A cut off level for tau protein at 2131 pg/ml successfully discriminated CJD from AD (100% specificity and 93% sensitivity). Tau protein concentration in CSF is probably an additional useful marker in differentiating CJD from AD.
Culture analyzed in the mode of the natural sciences

Much clinical and ethnographic evidence suggests that humans, like many other organisms, are selected to avoid close inbreeding because of the fitness costs of inbreeding depression. The proximate mechanism of human inbreeding avoidance seems to be precultural, and to involve the interaction of genetic predispositions and environmental conditions. As first suggested by E. Westermarck, and supported by evidence from Israeli kibbutzim, Chinese sim-pua marriage, and much convergent ethnographic and clinical evidence, humans negatively imprint on intimate associates during a critical period of early childhood (between ages 2 and 6). There is also much evidence that, like other social animals, humans do not seek to maximize outbreeding, but rather to maintain an optimal balance between outbreeding and inbreeding. Close inbreeding reduces fitness through inbreeding depression, but some inbreeding brings the benefits of nepotism. For simple, stateless, horticultural societies, the optimal balance seems to be achieved by a combination of precultural inbreeding avoidance of relatives with an r 2= . 25 and cultural rules of preferential marriage with kin with r «£ . 125. Adjustment of the coefficient of inbreeding to other ecological settings seems to be largely cultural. An interactive model of "culture in nature" is presented, in which culture is seen as coevolving with genes to produce the maximization of individual inclusive fitness.
Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine

SUMMARY Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus of swine, a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and the etiological agent of Aujeszky's disease. This review describes the contributions of PRV research to herpesvirus biology, neurobiology, and viral pathogenesis by focusing on (i) the molecular biology of PRV, (ii) model systems to study PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence, (iii) PRV transsynaptic tracing of neuronal circuits, and (iv) veterinary aspects of pseudorabies disease. The structure of the enveloped infectious particle, the content of the viral DNA genome, and a step-by-step overview of the viral replication cycle are presented. PRV infection is initiated by binding to cellular receptors to allow penetration into the cell. After reaching the nucleus, the viral genome directs a regulated gene expression cascade that culminates with viral DNA replication and production of new virion constituents. Finally, progeny virions self-assemble and exit the host cells. Animal models and neuronal culture systems developed for the study of PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence are discussed. PRV serves as a self-perpetuating transsynaptic tracer of neuronal circuitry, and we detail the original studies of PRV circuitry mapping, the biology underlying this application, and the development of the next generation of tracer viruses. The basic veterinary aspects of pseudorabies management and disease in swine are discussed. PRV infection progresses from acute infection of the respiratory epithelium to latent infection in the peripheral nervous system. Sporadic reactivation from latency can transmit PRV to new hosts. The successful management of PRV disease has relied on vaccination, prevention, and testing.
An in vitro biomechanical comparison of an interlocking nail system and dynamic compression plate fixation of ostectomized equine third metacarpal bones.

OBJECTIVE To compare the mechanical properties of two stabilization methods for ostectomized equine third metacarpi (MC3): (1) an interlocking nail system and (2) two dynamic compression plates. Animal or Sample Population-Ten pairs of adult equine forelimbs intact from the midradius distally. METHODS Ten pairs of equine MC3 were divided into two test groups (five pairs each): caudocranial four-point bending and torsion. Interlocking nails (6 hole, 13-mm diameter, 230-mm length) were placed in one randomly selected bone from each pair. Two dynamic compression plates one dorsally (12 hole, 4.5-mm broad) and one laterally (10 hole, 4.5-mm broad) were attached to the contralateral bone from each pair. All bones had 1 cm mid-diaphyseal ostectomies. Five construct pairs were tested in caudocranial four-point bending to determine stiffness and failure properties. The remaining five construct pairs were tested in torsion to determine torsional stiffness and yield load. Mean values for each fixation method were compared using a paired t-test within each group. Significance was set at P<. 05. RESULTS Mean (+/-SEM) values for the MC3-interlocking nail composite and the MC3-double plate composite, respectively, in four-point bending were: composite rigidity, 3,454+/-407.6 Nm/rad and 3,831+/-436.5 Nm/rad; yield bending moment, 276.4+/-40.17 Nm and 433.75+/-83.99 Nm; failure bending moment, 526.3+/-105.9 Nm and 636.2+/-27.77 Nm. There was no significant difference in the biomechanical values for bending between the two fixation methods. In torsion, mean (+/-SEM) values for the MC3-interlocking nail composite and the MC3-double plate composite were: composite rigidity, 124.1+/-16.61 Nm/rad and 262.4+/-30.51 Nm/rad; gap stiffness, 222.3+/-47.32 Nm/rad and 1,557+/-320.9 Nm/rad; yield load, 94.77+/-7.822 Nm and 130.66+/-20.27 Nm, respectively. Composite rigidity, gap stiffness, and yield load for double plate fixation were significantly higher compared with interlocking nail fixation in torsion. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in biomechanical properties were identified between an interlocking nail and double plating techniques for stabilization of ostectomized equine MC3 in caudocranial four-point bending. Double plating fixation was superior to interlocking nail fixation in torsion.
Rotavirus Genotype Distribution after Vaccine Introduction, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Brazil introduced rotavirus vaccination in March 2006. We studied 133 rotavirus-positive fecal samples collected from February 2005 through December 2007. Genotype G2P[4] was found in 1.4% of samples in 2005, in 44% in 2006, and in 96% in 2007. Rotavirus detection rate decreased from 38% in 2005 to 24% in 2007 (p = 0.012).
Culture: The Tool-Kit Metaphor and Multicultural Social Work

Swidler “tool-kit” metaphor is a resource for understanding culture and its influence. Concepts and propositions related to tools, took kits, strategies of action, social frameworks for action, the continuum of tool awareness, and settled/unsettled social circumstances are summarized. The approach is compared to the culture as a values framework. Farkas' application of this cultural resources model to at-risk, ethnically diverse students and their families is summarized.
Activation of mouse complement by monoclonal mouse antibodies

The ability of monoclonal mouse IgM, IgD and IgG anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP) antibodies to activate mouse complement was studied using a hemolytic assay. Efficient hemolysis was obtained with IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies but no lysis was observed using a monoclonal IgD. Of several IgG1 antibodies tested, three gave no detectable hemolysis, although weak but significant hemoloysis was obtained with two other IgG1. IgM was found to be powerfully hemolytic in that it was effective at lower concentrations than were IgG. However, using complement from mouse strains carrying the H‐2k haplotype it was found that, under conditions of complement limitation and saturating antibody, a fixed amount of complement could lyse about 3 to 4 times as many IgG‐coated sheep red cells as IgM‐coated red cells. This discrimination between IgM and IgG as regards the efficiency of complement utilization is controlled by a gene in the S region of H‐2 and is not apparent with complement from mice carrying the b, d or s allele at that locus.
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Suppresses Nucleosomal Modulation of UV-Induced (6-4) Photoproduct and Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Repair in Yeast

ABSTRACT The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is able to remove a wide variety of structurally unrelated lesions from DNA. NER operates throughout the genome, but the efficiencies of lesion removal are not the same for different genomic regions. Even within a single gene or DNA strand repair rates vary, and this intragenic heterogeneity is of considerable interest with respect to the mutagenic potential of carcinogens. In this study, we have analyzed the removal of the two major types of genotoxic DNA adducts induced by UV light, i.e., the pyrimidine (6-4)-pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4PP) and the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae URA3 gene at nucleotide resolution. In contrast to the fast and uniform removal of CPDs from the transcribed strand, removal of lesions from the nontranscribed strand is generally less efficient and is modulated by the chromatin environment of the damage. Removal of 6-4PPs from nontranscribed sequences is also profoundly influenced by positioned nucleosomes, but this type of lesion is repaired at a much higher rate. Still, the transcribed strand is repaired preferentially, indicating that, as in the removal of CPDs, transcription-coupled repair predominates in the removal of 6-4PPs from transcribed DNA. The hypothesis that transcription machinery operates as the rate-determining damage recognition entity in transcription-coupled repair is supported by the observation that this pathway removes both types of UV photoproducts at equal rates without being profoundly influenced by the sequence or chromatin context.
Individual authentication through hand posture recognition using Multi-Hilbert Scanning Distance

In this paper, we propose a novel Hand Posture Recognition (HPR) for biometrics. This study uses the three dimensional point clouds for robust hand posture recognition at the rotation and scale. Multi-Hilbert Scanning Distance (MHSD) are also introduced for mathematical approaches of shape matching. HPR framework is divided into five parts: detecting hand region, removing the wrist, aligning the hand pose, extracting feature descriptor, and matching. Based on the experimental results, this framework showed superior results for hand posture recognition rate.
Optimal Grading

The teacher–student relationship is modeled as an agency problem, where teachers are concerned with human capital formation and students with ability signaling. We distinguish between two cases depending on whether in ability inference the job market can or cannot observe the grading rule applied. We show that many empirical grading patterns, including grade compression and inflation, are all consistent with optimal ability screening when grading rules are unobservable. With observable grading rules, the teacher perfectly screens students' abilities, provided that certain conditions hold. We apply the model to discuss policy applications such as “No Child Left Behind. ”
The Effects of Video Self-Modeling on High School Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disturbances

Video self-modeling has been proven to be effective with other populations with challenging behaviors, but only a few studies of video self-modeling have been conducted with high school students with emotional and behavioral disorders. This study aimed to focus on analyzing the effects of video self-modeling on four high school students with behavioral disorders across a variety of behaviors, including laughing out obnoxiously, using profanity, and requesting help. The results revealed that all four participants exhibited immediate and significant gains upon implementation of the video self-modeling intervention and that those gains were maintained after cessation of intervention. Implications of this study showed that video self-modeling may represent a positive behavior change intervention worthy of consideration for high school students with emotional and behavioral disorders in inclusive classrooms.
A New Framework of Culture Teaching for Teaching English as a Global Language

The traditional premise of culture teaching that language and culture are not separable is now challenged by the global spread of English as a means of wider communication. Today's English is no longer an inviolable property of English-speaking people. It is becoming a common property of different peoples around the world. This state of affairs is rendering the revision of the traditional framework of culture teaching inevitable. This paper proposes a new framework of culture teaching that is in consonance with the current global state of English. In place of the traditional dichotomy of small c culture and large C culture, the paper proposes a new trichotomy of culture around language, culture in language, and culture through language. After specifying the contents of each type of culture and their interrelationships within a cultural syllabus, the paper describes strategies to realise a new set of goals of culture teaching, drawing illustrations from English language education in Japan, where English is taught not only as a foreign language but also as a global language.
The Effects of Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Subjective Well-Being among Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China: The Moderating Role of Subjective Social Mobility

Although previous investigations have agreed that Chinese rural-to-urban migrants’ socioeconomic status (SES) increases with their migration, the association between SES and subjective well-being is uncertain. To address this research gap, the present study proposed that the association between objective SES and subjective well-being is mediated by subjective SES. This model was tested with a sample of 432 Chinese rural-to-urban migrants. The results indicate a significant association between objective SES and subjective well-being and a partial mediating effect of subjective SES. Furthermore, subjective social mobility, which is one’s expectation about the possibility to move upward in the social hierarchy, was found to moderate both the direct path from objective SES to subjective well-being and the indirect path from subjective SES to subjective well-being. These findings suggest that Chinese rural-to-urban migrants gained in subjective well-being not only because of direct financial achievement but also because of their perceptions and beliefs about their relative social status.
An Elusive “We”

Recent research suggests that ideology and collective identity are important factors shaping the behavior of movements committed to radically democratic self-governance and that a coherent ideology and clearly defined identity are necessary for movement success. Examining this hypothesis in the context of the Germany “autonomous” movement, this study finds that a contradiction in the movement's ideology around the meaning of autonomy has generated a deeply ambivalent identity and a resistance to ideological dogmatism, both of which have functioned to help sustain the movement. This suggests that sustaining collectivist democracy may require that a movement resist both ideological coherence and a clearly defined identity. Because ideologies often contain deep contradictions, action in countercultural movements is more than a simple reflection of the activists' ideals, mediated by situational constraints. Rather, such value-rational action is better understood as an iterative process by which ideological contradictions and ideologically-driven practices are repeatedly renegotiated and reproduced.
Evaluating the Fine Arts Program at the Center for Excellence in Disabilities

Abstract Art programs for people with disabilities may encourage creativity, promote engagement, emphasize inclusion, and extend access and opportunities for community involvement. This mixed methods study utilized quantitative and qualitative data, repeated measures, action research, and stakeholder collaboration to develop and implement an evaluation tool that would enable a fine arts program to become a self-improving system. Participants viewed the program favorably and reported improved artistic and professional skills, social integration, self-esteem, and sense of purpose. The evaluation model described can be adapted to a variety of art therapy and arts-related programs to assess the efficacy of interventions or program features.