Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identity Work and Legitimacy

We analyse the relationships between identity work and internal legitimacy. Based on an in-depth case study of prisoners in Helsinki Prison, we focus on how their identity work affirmed and contested three kinds of institutional legitimacy – pragmatic, moral and cognitive. The research contribution we make is to show that some forms of identity work are also a form of internal legitimacy work, and how this identity talk constructs organizations as more (or less) legitimate. This is important because it demonstrates that identity work is an intrinsic (though often overlooked) aspect of processes of organizing.
Loss of Heterozygosity at Tumor Suppressor Genes Detectable on Fractionated Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA as Indicator of Breast Cancer Progression

Purpose: LOH on circulating DNA may provide tumor-specific information on breast cancer. As identification of LOH on cell-free DNA is impeded by the prevalence of wild type DNA in blood of cancer patients, we fractionated plasma DNA, and determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of both fractions. Experimental design: Our cohort of 388 patients with primary breast cancer before chemotherapy was selected from a multicenter study (SUCCESS). Postoperative plasma was fractionated in low- and high-molecular weight DNA by two different column systems. In both fractions, LOH was determined by a PCR-based microsatellite analysis using a panel of 8 polymorphic markers. Circulating tumor DNA in plasma from 30 patients after chemotherapy was additionally analyzed. The significance levels were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: More patients (38%) had LOH at all markers in the fraction containing short DNA fragments than in the fraction containing the long DNA molecules (28%, P = 0.0001). In both fractions 32.85% of LOH were concordant. LOH at the markers D3S1605, D10S1765, D12S1725, D13S218, and D17S855 significantly correlated with tumor stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis, positive progesterone, and HER2 receptor status. Most importantly, LOH at D12S1725 mapping to cyclin D2 correlated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The improved detection of LOH on cell-free DNA provides important information on DNA losses of tumor suppressor genes TIG1, PTEN, cyclin D2, RB1, and BRCA1 in breast cancer. In particular, loss of the cyclin D2 gene might become an important prognostic marker easily detectable in the peripheral blood. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5719–30. ©2012 AACR.
Health Complaints Associated with Poor Rental Housing Conditions in Arkansas: The Only State without a Landlord’s Implied Warranty of Habitability

Arkansas is the only U.S. state that does not have a landlord’s implied warranty of habitability, meaning tenants have a requirement for maintaining their rental properties at certain habitability standards, but landlords are not legally required to contribute to those minimum health and safety standards. This project assessed the possibility that this lack of landlord responsibility affects tenants’ perceived health. Using surveys and interviews, we collected self-reported data on the prevalence and description of problems faced by renters who needed household repairs from their landlords. Of almost 1,000 renters, one-third of them had experienced a problem with their landlord making needed repairs; and one-quarter of those had a health issue they attributed to their housing conditions. Common issues included problems with plumbing, heating, or cooling systems, and pest or rodent control. Reported health problems included elevated stress levels, breathing problems, headaches, high blood pressure, and bites or infections. Hispanic respondents and those with less than a high school education were both significantly more likely to report problems with their landlords not making repairs as requested. These data suggest that the lack of landlord requirements may negatively impact the condition of rental properties and, therefore, may negatively impact the health of Arkansas renters.
Comparison of Polymerase Subunits from Double-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages

ABSTRACT The family Cystoviridae comprises several bacteriophages with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes. We have previously purified the catalytic polymerase subunit (Pol) of one of the Cystoviridae members, bacteriophage φ6, and shown that the protein can catalyze RNA synthesis in vitro. In this reaction, both bacteriophage-specific and heterologous RNAs can serve as templates, but those containing 3′ termini from the φ6 minus strands are favored. This provides a molecular basis for the observation that only plus strands, not minus strands, are transcribed from φ6 dsRNA segments in vivo. To test whether such a regulatory mechanism is also found in other dsRNA viruses, we purified recombinant Pol subunits from the φ6-related bacteriophages φ8 and φ13 and assayed their polymerase activities in vitro. The enzymes catalyze template-dependent RNA synthesis using both single-stranded-RNA (ssRNA) and dsRNA templates. However, they differ from each other as well as from φ6 Pol in certain biochemical properties. Notably, each polymerase demonstrates a distinct preference for ssRNAs bearing short 3′-terminal sequences from the virus-specific minus strands. This suggests that, in addition to other factors, RNA transcription inCystoviridae is controlled by the template specificity of the polymerase subunit.
Seagulls (Larus spp.) as vectors of salmonellae: an investigation into the range of serotypes and numbers of salmonellae in gull faeces

SUMMARY Of 1242 samples of seagulls faeces examined, 12·9% were found to contain salmonellae. The number of positive samples was significantly higher (17–21%) near sewage outfalls. Twenty-seven serotypes were isolated, including a new serotype named Salmonella grampian. The range and frequency of serotypes carried by gulls was similar to those in the human population, suggesting sewage as a possible source of gull infection. The number of salmonellae found in positive samples was low (0·18−191 g−1 faeces). This was similar to the numbers found in sewage, 10−80 l−1, suggesting gulls may only carry infected material without infecting themselves. Antibiotic resistance in the isolates was low, only 21 showing resistance to the antibiotics tested, although most of these were determined by resistance transfer plasmids.
The effects of social background, sex, and ability on the transition to tertiary education in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, most pupils who finish the higher levels of secondary education (HAVO and VWO) continue their educational careers in tertiary education. In this article, we focused on the effects of social background and sex on vertical (level of education) and horizontal differentiation (field of education within a level) in tertiary education. First, we examined the social and sex differentiation, and, second, we estimated models to determine to what extent social and sex differentiation in the choice of higher education is dependent on differences in ability. Our analysis showed that vertical differences are more strongly related to social background than are horizontal differences. Horizontal differences depend less on social background and more on sex. Examination results affect both vertical and horizontal differences; subjects chosen affect horizontal differences only.
Effect of NADPH-oxidase inhibitors in the experimental model of zymosan-induced shock in mice

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NADPH-oxidase inhibitors, in a mouse model of zymosan. Zymosan-induced shock was induced in mice by administration of zymosan (500 mg/kg, i.p.). The pharmacological treatment was the administration of apocynin (5 mg/kg 10% DMSO i.p.) and diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) (1 mg/kg i.v.) 1 h and 6 h after zymosan administration. MOF and systemic inflammation in mice was assessed 18 h after administration of zymosan. NADPH-oxidase inhibitors caused a significant reduction of the (1) peritoneal exudate formation, (2) neutrophil infiltration, (3) multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, (4) nitrotyrosine, (5) poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), (6) cytokine formation, (7) adhesion molecule expression, (8) nuclear factor (NF-κB) expression and (9) apoptosis induced by zymosan. Moreover, NADPH-oxidase inhibitors treatment significantly reduced the systemic toxicity, the loss in body weight and the mortality caused by zymosan. This study has shown that NADPH-oxidase inhibitors attenuate the degree of zymosan-induced non-septic shock in mice.
Inefficacy of simulator‐based training on anaesthesiologists' non‐technical skills *

Background: Analysis of critical incidents in anaesthesia practice emphasizes the important role of non‐technical skills (NTS) in improving patient safety. Therefore, debriefing with regard to NTS has been added to medical management (MM) simulator training to improve acute crisis competencies of anaesthesiologists. The purpose of this study was to compare the NTS and MM performance of two groups of anaesthesiologists in a simulated anaesthesia crisis after undergoing different types of training.
Conservation of a Stepwise, Energy-Sensitive Pathway Involving HP68 for Assembly of Primate Lentivirus Capsids in Cells

ABSTRACT Previously we have described a stepwise, energy-dependent pathway for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid assembly in a cell-free system. In this pathway, Gag polypeptides utilize the cellular factor HP68 and assemble into immature capsids by way of assembly intermediates that have defined biochemical characteristics. Here we address whether this pathway is universally conserved among primate lentiviruses and can be observed in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that HIV-2 Gag associates with human HP68 in a cell-free system and that Gag proteins of HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239, and SIVagm associate with endogenous HP68 in primate cells, as is seen for HIV-1. Analysis of primate cells expressing lentivirus Gag proteins revealed Gag-containing complexes with the same sedimentation values as seen for previously described HIV-1 assembly intermediates in the cell-free system (10S, 80-150S, and 500S). These complexes fit criteria for assembly intermediates as judged by energy sensitivity, pattern of HP68 association, and the failure of specific complexes to be formed by assembly-incompetent Gag mutants. We also demonstrate that virus-like particles released from cells do not appear to contain HP68, suggesting that HP68 is released from Gag upon completion of capsid assembly in cells, as was observed previously in the cell-free system. Together these findings support a model in which all primate lentivirus capsids assemble by a conserved pathway of HP68-containing, energy-dependent assembly intermediates that have specific biochemical features.
L’agenda géomédiatique international : analyse multidimensionnelle des flux d’actualité. Vers une modélisation de l'agenda géomédiatique international : distribution spatiale, temporelle et médiatique des flux d'actualité à travers le monde

Notre image du monde depend dans une large mesure des flux d'information que nous recevons de l'etranger via les medias de masse. Nous proposons dans cet article un cadre d'analyse quantitative des flux mediatiques – marqueurs possibles des dynamiques contemporaines de mondialisation et de regionalisation – reposant sur le concept d'« agenda geomediatique », c'est-a-dire le processus de selection des unites territoriales qui sont portees a l'attention du public par les medias. Nous presentons pour cela trois modeles permettant d'identifier les ressemblances et les specificites geographiques et temporelles de differents medias, et ainsi d'analyser la formation de l'actualite internationale selon trois perspectives distinctes.
Does the “Marriage Benefit” Extend to Same-Sex Union?: Evidence From a Sample of Married Lesbian Couples in Massachusetts

This study investigated the relationship between wellbeing and marital quality in a married lesbian sample from Massachusetts. Two hundred twenty five (225) participants responded to this mailed survey study. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref). DAS scores were a strong predictor of reported wellbeing in all quality of life domains including physical, psychological, and financial wellbeing. Results support the finding in the heterosexual marriage literature that healthy marriage is associated with distinct wellbeing benefits for lesbian couples. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?

This article seeks to move beyond typologies of the ways in which quantitative and qualitative research are integrated to an examination of the ways that they are combined in practice. The article is based on a content analysis of 232 social science articles in which the two were combined. An examination of the research methods and research designs employed suggests that on the quantitative side structured interview and questionnaire research within a cross-sectional design tends to predominate, while on the qualitative side the semi-structured interview within a cross-sectional design tends to predominate. An examination of the rationales that are given for employing a mixed-methods research approach and the ways it is used in practice indicates that the two do not always correspond. The implications of this finding for how we think about mixed-methods research are outlined.
Ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings in cats with primary asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the heart rate, rhythm, number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and atrial premature complexes (APCs) in unsedated cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), using 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) (Holter) in the home environment and to compare the results with those from healthy control cats. Methods Fifteen privately owned cats with asymptomatic HCM entered the study. Data from 23 healthy cats, previously published by our group, were used as the control. Clinical examination, measurement of blood pressure, echocardiographic examination, Holter recordings and biochemical analyses were performed in all cats. Holter recordings were obtained in the home environment. Results Three-lead ECGs of good quality were obtained from 15 cats with HCM. The median heart rate was 145 (interquartile range [IQR] 137–184) beats per minute for the cats with HCM. All cats with HCM presented with normal sinus rhythm; 60% of cats had intermittent sinus arrhythmia. Median number of VPCs was 3 (IQR 1–17). Three cats had APCs and three cats had both escape beats and intermittent sinus arrhythmia. Conclusions and relevance Asymptomatic cats with HCM had few VPCs and APCs on 24 h ambulatory ECG in the home environment. Intermittent sinus arrhythmia was observed in 60% of cats with HCM. The present study shows that the heart rate and the number of VPCs and APCs in cats with asymptomatic HCM are similar to that found in healthy control cats.
Prospective study of breast cancer in relation to coffee, tea and caffeine in Sweden

Studies of coffee and tea consumption and caffeine intake as risk factors for breast cancer are inconclusive. We assessed coffee and tea consumption, caffeine intake, and possible confounding factors among 42,099 women from the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health study, the participants of which were aged 30–49 years at enrollment in 1991–1992. Complete follow‐up for breast cancer incidence was performed through 2012 via linkage to national registries. Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer. During follow‐up 1,395 breast cancers were diagnosed. The RR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99) for a 1‐unit increase in cups of coffee/day, 1.14 (95% CI 1.05–1.24) for a 1‐unit increase in cups of tea/day, and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–1.00) for a 100 mg/day increase in caffeine intake. Although the RR for no consumption (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.69–1.08), a group with a relatively small number of women, was not statistically significant, women with higher consumption had a decreased breast cancer risk (3–4 cups/day: RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–1.00; ≥5 cups/day: RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.94) compared to women consuming 1–2 cups of coffee/day. Compared to no consumption, women consuming >1 cups tea/day showed an increased breast cancer risk (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.00–1.42). Similar patterns of estimates were observed for breast cancer risk overall, during pre‐ and postmenopausal years, and for ER+ or PR+ breast cancer, but not for ER− and PR− breast cancer. Our findings suggest that coffee consumption and caffeine intake is negatively associated with the risk of overall and ER+/PR− breast cancer, and tea consumption is positively associated with the risk of overall and ER+/PR+ breast cancer.
A Dalit Paradigm: A new narrative in South Asian historiography*

This is the meaning of Negro History Week. It is not so much a Negro History Week as it is a History Week. We should emphasize not Negro History, but the Negro in history. What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias, race hate, and religious prejudice. There should be no indulgence in undue eulogy of the Negro. The case of the Negro is well taken care of when it is shown how he has influenced the development of civilization.1
The new noninvasive occlusion spectroscopy hemoglobin measurement method: a reliable and easy anemia screening test for blood donors

BACKGROUND: The tests used for anemia screening in blood donors are based on fingerstick samples, leading to discomfort and complaints. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of occlusion spectroscopy method in blood banks and to compare the method with fingerstick hemoglobinometer and hemoglobin (Hb) determination on an automatic blood analyzer.
An Attenuated Duck Plague Virus (DPV) Vaccine Induces both Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses To Protect Ducks against Virulent DPV Infection

ABSTRACT Duck plague (DP) is a severe disease caused by DP virus (DPV). Control of the disease is recognized as one of the biggest challenges in avian medicine. Vaccination is an efficient way to control DPV, and an attenuated vaccine is the main routine vaccine. The attenuated DPV vaccine strain CHa is a modified live vaccine, but the systemic and mucosal immune responses induced by this vaccine have been poorly understood. In this study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated after subcutaneous immunization of ducks. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were counted by flow cytometry, and humoral and mucosal Ig antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that high levels of T cells and Ig antibodies were present postimmunization and that there were more CD4+ T cells than CD8+ T cells. Titers of humoral IgG were higher than those of humoral IgA. Local IgA was found in each sample, whereas local IgG was found only in the spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, harderian gland, liver, bile, and lung. In a protection assay, the attenuated DPV vaccine completely protected ducks against 1,000 50% lethal doses (LD50) of the lethal DPV strain CHv via oral infection. These data suggest that this subcutaneous vaccine elicits sufficient systemic and mucosal immune responses against lethal DPV challenge to be protective in ducks. This study provides broad insights into understanding the immune responses to the attenuated DPV vaccine strain CHa through subcutaneous immunization in ducks.
High prevalence of Leptospira spp. in sewer rats (Rattus norvegicus)

SUMMARY Earlier studies on the ecology of leptospirosis in temperate regions focused mainly on free-ranging rats in rural areas. Here we report on the occurrence of Leptospira spp. in Rattus norvegicus living in sewers in a suburban area in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 2006–2007, about 30 rats were captured in sewers at each of six different locations. Rat kidneys were screened by PCR for pathogenic Leptospira spp. In one location no infected rats were found, whereas the prevalence in the remaining five locations ranged between 48% and 89%. Micro-agglutination tests showed that serogroup Pomona, Sejroe, and Icterohaemorrhagiae were the most common. Infection was related to age with the highest prevalence observed for adult rats but there was no difference in infection rate between sexes, suggesting primarily environmental transmission. Since most reported rat problems in urban areas are related to sewer rats, the surprisingly high level of infection calls for an increased public health concern.
Interaction between physical and psychosocial risk factors on the presence of neck/shoulder symptoms and its consequences

This study aimed to quantify the interaction between physical and psychosocial factors on the presence of neck/shoulder symptoms (NSS) and its consequences (reduced activities and absenteeism) among 1294 coal mining workers in Indonesia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on current workplace exposure and NSS and its consequences. Participants were grouped into one of four combination exposure groups: low physical and low psychosocial (as the reference group); low physical and high psychosocial; high physical and low psychosocial, and high physical and high psychosocial (HPhyHPsy). The attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction between both factors was examined. Individuals in the HPhyHPsy group were most likely to report NSS [odds ratio (OR) 4.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.43–9.58], reduced activities (OR 3.90, 95% CI 2.36–6.43), and absenteeism (OR 3.91, 95% CI 2.11–7.25). This study has shown an interaction between physical and psychosocial factors that increases the OR of NSS (AP 0.49, 95% CI 0.08–0.89). Practitioner Summary: Although physical and psychosocial factors are known to be predictors for NSS, little is known about their interaction. Self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain information about physical and psychosocial factors at work. This study found an interaction between the physical and psychosocial risk factors that increases the odds ratio of NSS.
Safe, Affordable, Convenient: Environmental Features of Malls and Other Public Spaces Used by Older Adults for Walking.

BACKGROUND Midlife and older adults use shopping malls for walking, but little research has examined mall characteristics that contribute to their walkability. METHODS We used modified versions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-Healthy Aging Research Network (HAN) Environmental Audit and the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) tool to systematically observe 443 walkers in 10 shopping malls. We also observed 87 walkers in 6 community-based nonmall/nongym venues where older adults routinely walked for physical activity. RESULTS All venues had public transit stops and accessible parking. All malls and 67% of nonmalls had wayfinding aids, and most venues (81%) had an established circuitous walking route and clean, well-maintained public restrooms (94%). All venues had level floor surfaces, and one-half had benches along the walking route. Venues varied in hours of access, programming, tripping hazards, traffic control near entrances, and lighting. CONCLUSIONS Despite diversity in location, size, and purpose, the mall and nonmall venues audited shared numerous environmental features known to promote walking in older adults and few barriers to walking. Future research should consider programmatic features and outreach strategies to expand the use of malls and other suitable public spaces for walking.