Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intradermal Infections of Mice by Low Numbers of African Trypanosomes Are Controlled by Innate Resistance but Enhance Susceptibility to Reinfection

Antibodies are required to control blood-stage forms of African trypanosomes in humans and animals. Here, we report that intradermal infections by low numbers of African trypanosomes are controlled by innate resistance but prime the adaptive immune response to increase susceptibility to a subsequent challenge. Mice were found 100 times more resistant to intradermal infections by Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei than to intraperitoneal infections. B cell–deficient and RAG2−/− mice are as resistant as wild-type mice to intradermal infections, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)−/− mice and wild-type mice treated with antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α are more susceptible. We conclude that primary intradermal infections with low numbers of parasites are controlled by innate defense mediated by induced nitric oxide (NO). CD1d−/− and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II−/− mice are more resistant than wild-type mice to primary intradermal infections. Trypanosome-specific spleen cells, as shown by cytokine production, are primed as early as 24 h after intradermal infection. Infecting mice intradermally with low numbers of parasites, or injecting them intradermally with a trypanosomal lysate, makes mice more susceptible to an intradermal challenge. We suggest that intradermal infections with low numbers of trypanosomes or injections with trypanosomal lysates prime the adaptive immune system to suppress protective immunity to an intradermal challenge.
Asynchronous Asymmetrical Write Termination (AAWT) for a low power STT-MRAM

Spin Transfer Torque (STT) memory is an emerging and promising non-volatile storage technology. However, the high write current is still a major challenge which leads to a huge power consumption of the memory. Due to an inherent torque asymmetry of the Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) device employed in STT memories, the switching time between parallel to anti-parallel and anti-parallel to parallel magnetization is significantly different. Hence, the write latencies for writing `0' and `1' are also considerably different. In this paper, we propose a technique called Asynchronous Asymmetrical Write Termination (AAWT) which utilizes this asymmetrical behavior to terminate the write operations asynchronously and as a result significantly reduces the write power consumption. Furthermore, we present two different AAWT implementations to determine the actual write termination times. The first one makes use of a clock signal and the second one employs a self-timing approach based on an internal delay element. As shown by our experimental results, AAWT can reduce the total write energy by 30% in average with a negligible area overhead.
A muscle-derived factor(s) induces expression of a catecholamine phenotype in neurons of cultured rat cerebral cortex

We sought to determine the source of the signal(s) that promotes expression of the catecholamine (CA) enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in cultured neurons of embryonic rat cerebral cortex, a tissue which is not thought to contain CA cells in vivo. Cortical neurons were cultured with their non-neuronal constituents and 48 hr later immunostained for TH. Fibroblasts or glia had no effects, however, blood vessels increased the numbers of TH neurons nearly 4-fold. Coculture with either perinatal aorta, skeletal or cardiac muscle, clonal muscle cell lines 1440 (smooth) and L6 (skeletal), conditioned media from L6 cells, or a soluble extract of L6 cells increased the number of TH neurons up to 20-fold. The induction of TH by muscle extract was (1) dose dependent; (2) paralleled by a proportional increase in the steady- state levels of TH mRNA; (3) greatly reduced by the RNA synthesis inhibitor alpha-amanitin or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide; and (4) unassociated with change in the survival of neurons in culture. The response was not replicated by treatment with other established neurotrophic substances, including NGF, EGF, FGF, PDGF, neuroleukin, insulin, pyruvate, KCI, adenosine, or inosine. We conclude that muscle contains a potentially novel substance, muscle- derived differentiation factor (MDF) that promotes differentiation but not survival of neurons of cerebral cortex by de novo synthesis of TH mRNA and TH protein. Thus, neurons of the CNS, as in periphery, may undergo phenotypic interconversion in response to biologically derived molecules in their environment.
Shielding Effectiveness of a Rectangular Enclosure

This paper presents the results of a careful ex­ perimental study of the coupling of electromagnetic energy into the interior of a rectangular shielded en­ closure. This study includes swept frequency electric field insertion loss measurements from 25 to 250 MHz taken at a distance of six feet from the enclosure with the receiving sensor located at various positions within the chamber. It is the objective of this study to quantitatively show how the shielding effectiveness of a rectangular shielded enclosure will vary as the location of measuring antenna inside the room is changed.
A measurement analysis of Internet traffic over frame relay

Various approaches have been proposed and implemented to relieve the congestion in the Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTNs) induced by recent meteoric growth of Internet services. The Internet/Intranet Transport Service (IITS) offered by the Southwestern Bell Telephone (SWBT) Company provides an example of one such implementation which off-loads the long-holding time data traffic from PSTNs to a packet technology (in this case Frame Relay). This paper describes analysis of 1997 IITS traffic jointly performed by SWBT and Bellcore with the goal of gaining insights into the nature of the Internet traffic over the Frame Relay technology, and deriving practical traffic engineering guidelines for efficiently managing the network elements to provide Quality-of-Service (QoS) to customers. The analysis was carried out at the frame level as well as the call level. The results demonstrate that traffic (both frame and byte count processes) at the frame level is self-similar with long-range dependent characteristics, while call arrivals are inhomogeneous Poisson processes and call holding times have heavy tails. Frame size statistics are explored, revealing a packet fragmentation issue that can unnecessarily decrease resource efficiency. The impacts of load balancing schemes (implemented by the equipment suppliers) on the traffic characteristics is also observed.
The Social Logic of Politics: Personal Networks as Contexts for Political Behavior

Preface Introduction: Theoretical and Methodological Context 1. Alan S. Zuckerman, Returning to the Social Logic of Politics. 2. Robert Huckfeldt, Paul Johnson, and John Sprague, Individuals, Dyads and Networks: Autoregressive Patterns of Political Influence. I - Families as Sources of Strong Political Ties 3. Laura Stoker and M. Kent Jennings, Political Similarity and Influence between Husbands and Wives. 4. Alan S. Zuckerman, Jennifer Fitzgerald, and Josip Dasovic, Do Couples Support the same Political Parties? Sometimes. Evidence from British and German Panel Surveys. 5. Sidney Verba, Kay Schlozman, and Nancy Burns, Family Ties: Understanding the Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation. II Friends, Workmates, Neighbors, and Political Contexts: the effects of weak ties on electoral choices and political participation 6. Ulrich Kohler, Changing Class Locations and Partisanship in Germany. 7. Jeffrey Levine, Choosing Alone? The Social Network Basis of Modern Political Choice.8. Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz, Friends and Politics: Linking Friendship Diversity to Political Participation. 9. Ann Chih Lin, Networks, Gender and the Use of State Authority: Evidence from a Study of Arab Immigrants in Detroit. 10. Ron Johnston and Charles Pattie, Putting Voters in their Places: Local Context and Voting in England and Wales, 1997. 11. James Gimpel, and J. Celeste Lay, Party Identification, Local Partisan Contexts and the Acquisition of Participatory Attitudes. 12. Christopher Anderson and Aida Paskeviciute, Macro-Politics and Micro-Behavior: Mainstream Politics and the Frequency of Political Discussion in Contemporary Democracies. III. The Social Logic of Politics: Looking Ahead 13. Paul Johnson and Robert Huckfeldt, Agent-Based Explanations for the Survival of Disagreement in Social Networks. 14. James Fowler, Turnout in a Small World.
An Inmate Classification System Based on PCL

Abstract Psychopaths represent a significant management challenge in a prison population. A sample of ninety-five male inmates from three medium security prisons was tested using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV). Using traditional criteria, 22% of the inmates were classified as psychopaths. Scores on the two factor dimensions of the PCL:SV were used to develop a four-way classification system. Inmates in each quadrant present unique characteristics, both in terms of personality traits and behavior. Management and treatment options are outlined for each of the four quadrants.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Community towards Malaria Prevention and Control Options in Anti-Malaria Association Intervention Zones of Amahara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Chromatographic System Chromatography was performed with a high performance liquid chromatography. The HPLC system was consisted of Shimadzu SCL-10A system controller, UV visible SPD-10AV detector and LC-10AT pump with FUC-10AL VP flow controller wall. Separation was achieved at ambient temperature with Hypersil C18 BDS 250x4.6 column pore size of 5 micron. Chromatographic data was collected and analyzed using CSW32 software. Chromatographic conditions Quantitative analysis of allopurinol was achieved by using an isocratic mode. UV detector was use for the detection of allopurinol. Hypercil C18 BDS 250*4.6 column was used. Flow rate was maintain at 1ml/min with 20 min run time. Preparation of mobile phase The mobile phase was prepared by dissolving 2.72 g NaCH3COO·3H2O in 3000mL distilled water and correcting the pH to 4.5 with acetic acid 30%. The mobile phase was filtered and degassed before use. The mobile phase was filtered in vacuum filtration assembly having cellulose filter which have pore size 0. 45um (Sartorius company ). Filterd mobile phase was solicited for the removal of bubbles for 10 minutes. (eyela sonicator )improve the community knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria prevention and control options.
Stationary Probability Model for Microscopic Parallelism in JPEG2000

Parallel processing is key to augmenting the throughput of image codecs. Despite numerous efforts to parallelize wavelet-based image coding systems, most attempts fail at the parallelization of the bitplane coding engine, which is the most computationally intensive stage of the coding pipeline. The main reason for this failure is the causality with which current coding strategies are devised, which assumes that one coefficient is coded after another. This work analyzes the mechanisms employed in bitplane coding and proposes alternatives to enhance opportunities for parallelism. We describe a stationary probability model that, without sacrificing the advantages of current approaches, removes the main obstacle to the parallelization of most coding strategies. Experimental tests evaluate the coding performance achieved by the proposed method in the framework of JPEG2000 when coding different types of images. Results indicate that the stationary probability model achieves similar coding performance, with slight increments or decrements depending on the image type and the desired level of parallelism.
Elasticity of CaSiO 3 perovskite at high pressure and high temperature

Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations were performed to calculate the equation of state (EOS) of CaSiO3 perovskite at mantle pressure–temperature conditions. At temperatures above 2000 K, even though the hydrostatic crystal structure is metrically tetragonal in the pressure range of 13–123 GPa, the symmetry of the elastic moduli is consistent with cubic symmetry. Our results show that elastic constants and velocities are independent of temperature at constant volume. Referenced to room pressure and 2000 K, we find: Grý uneisen parameter is γ(V )= γ 0(V/V0) q with γ 0 = 1.53 and q = 1.02(5), and the Anderson Grý uneisen parameter is given by (α/α0) = (V/V0) δ T in which α0 = 2.89 × 10 −5 K −1 and δT = 4.09(5). Using the third order Birch
Asymmetric dimethylarginine and mortality in stages 3 to 4 chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and induces endothelial dysfunction. This dimethylated amino acid accumulates in chronic kidney disease and may be involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS, & METHODS The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study was a randomized, controlled trial conducted between 1989 and 1993. We measured ADMA in frozen samples collected at baseline (n = 820) and obtained survival status, up to December 31, 2000, from the National Death Index. We examined the relationship of ADMA with prevalent CVD and performed multivariable Cox models to examine the relationship of ADMA with all-cause and CVD mortality. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 52 (12) yr, GFR was 32 +/- 12 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and ADMA was 0.70 +/- 0.25 micromol/L. A 1-SD increase in ADMA was associated with a 31% increased odds of prevalent CVD in an adjusted logistic regression model. During the 10-yr follow-up period, 202 (25%) participants died of any cause, 122 (15%) from CVD, and 545 (66%) reached kidney failure. In multivariable Cox models, a 1-SD increase in ADMA was associated with a 9% increased risk for all-cause and 19% increased risk for CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients with predominantly nondiabetic, stages 3 to 4 chronic kidney disease, there was a strong association of ADMA with prevalent CVD and a modest association with all-cause and CVD mortality.
Video Object Recognition and Modeling by SIFT Matching Optimization

In this paper we present a novel technique for object modeling and object recognition in video. Given a set of videos containing 360 degrees views of objects we compute a model for each object, then we analyze short videos to determine if the object depicted in the video is one of the modeled objects. The object model is built from a video spanning a 360 degree view of the object taken against a uniform background. In order to create the object model, the proposed techniques selects a few representative frames from each video and local features of such frames. The object recognition is performed selecting a few frames from the query video, extracting local features from each frame and looking for matches in all the representative frames constituting the models of all the objects. If the number of matches exceed a fixed threshold the corresponding object is considered the recognized objects . To evaluate our approach we acquired a dataset of 25 videos representing 25 different objects and used these videos to build the objects model. Then we took 25 test videos containing only one of the known objects and 5 videos containing only unknown objects. Experiments showed that despite a significant compression in the model recognition results are satisfactory.
Elderly Poverty and Supppplemental Security Income, 2002–2005

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program is the nation's safety net for the aged, blind, and disabled. SSI receipt is often not reported by individuals interviewed in the Current Population Survey (CPS), the statistical base for the Census Bureau's annual estimates of poverty rates. In an earlier article, we explored the effect on estimated poverty rates in 2002 of adjusting CPS income reports using administrative data on earnings and benefits from the SSI and Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance programs. We assessed poverty using both the official standard and a "relative" standard based on half of median pretax, posttransfer income. This article extends that work through 2005. We find that including administrative data presents challenges, but under the methodology we adopt, such adjustments lower estimated official poverty overall and increase estimated poverty rates for elderly SSI recipients. Relative poverty rates are much higher than official poverty rates. By any of the applied standards and procedures for income adjustment, poverty changed little over the 2002-2005 interval.
Nature of codes extracted during the attentional blink.

This set of 6 experiments used a 2-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm to address 2 main questions: (a) What is the nature of the code retrieved from nontarget (i.e., unselected) items? and (b) How do the processing demands of the target affect the nature of the codes extracted from its proximate distractors? There were 3 main results: First, unless a nontarget receives attentional processing, its codes remain dormant. The type of activated codes depends on the perceptual load imposed by the other items that also underwent processing. Second, the item trailing the target invariably gets processed, but those farther downstream are excluded. If target selection is exacting, the codes of the item leading the target may also be enhanced. Third, the magnitude of the attentional blink increases with target selection difficulty; it is, however, unaffected by the perceptual load imposed by the target.
Leader-member exchange and intent to turnover: Testing a mediated-effects model in a high turnover work environment

Purpose – Previous studies on leadership quality – staff turnover relationship – have been performed mainly in Western contexts. More empirical evidence is needed to understand the nature of the relationship between the quality of leadership and staff turnover in a non-Western context in general and in the Middle East in particular. Thus, this study has two objectives: to examine the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on staff turnover intentions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to test the mediating impact of role conflict, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on the LMX-turnover intentions relationship. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 241 employees working in 15 different service and industrial product organizations operating in Dubai. A structured questionnaire containing standard scales of LMX, role conflict, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and some demographic variables was used. After.
The Thais that Bind : Principle C and Bound Expressions in Thai

Principle C (Chomsky, 1981) states that referring expressions cannot be bound in any domain. Previous research has held up Thai as an example of a Principle Cless language because R-expression can receive bound readings. However, I argue that full DPs in Thai cannot be bound just as they cannot be bound in English. Apparent violations of Principle C arise when expressions with phonological forms similar to referring expressions receive bound readings. The current study reexamines Thai’s status and contends that Thai is sensitive to Principle C and that we can account for the apparent discrepancies by considering the syntactic structure of the bound expressions, not just their surface form. Thai bound R-expressions are not truly referring expressions. Rather, they are reduced syntactic structures and, thus, are not subject to Principle C.
Ultrasonographic Findings in Patients with Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules who underwent Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

BACKGROUND: Patients with thyroid nodules represent common problem in daily routine of thyroidologists as well as other medical specialties. Fortunately only small number of thyroid nodules turns out to be malignant. Ultrasound is most frequently used imaging modality in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and certain ultrasonographic features are associated with greater risk for malignancy. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of various ultrasonographic findings regarding thyroid malignancy. METHODS: Between September 2012 and August 2013 a total of 592 patients with 694 nodules were included in the present study. They were evaluated for thyroid nodules as a part of routine work up at outpatient’s unit of Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, UKIM Skopje. In all patients thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were performed. Surgically were removed 84 nodules and ultrasonography and cytology data were compared to histology results. RESULTS: From all examined ultrasonographic features, significant association with malignancy has been found for hypoechogenecity, marked central vascularisation, ultrasound suspicious nodules (including at least two suspicious features) and marginal for presence of microcalcifications. Highest sensitivity was obtained for hypoechogenecity, and highest specificity for microcalcifications and marked central vascularisation. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the suspicious ultrasound features is mandatory in order to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the vast number of patients with thyroid nodules.
Longevity of leaves of a tropical tree, Theobroma cacao, grown under shading, in relation to position within the canopy and time of emergence

summary To gain detailed information on the structure and dynamics of the foliage within a canopy, the longevity of leaves of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) growing under normal commercial planting shade in Bahia State, Brazil, was determined relative to their position within the canopy and the time of leaf emergence. In the experimental stand, the relative light intensity above the cacao canopy ranged between 30 and 100% of full daylight, and 4–10% at ground level. The mean leaf area index for the canopy, and the extinction coefficient of the foliage were 3–9 and 0–61, respectively. The longevity of leaves of adult trees of cacao with closely packed crowns varied with their position within the canopy, and/or the irradiance received, and the time of emergence. In particular longevity decreased greatly with the height of the leaf from ground level. The mean longevity for the upper foliage (more than 220 cm above the ground) within the canopy was 181 d; the mean longevity of the lower leaves (0–150 cm above the ground) was about twice that of the upper leaves. Approximately 23% of emergent leaves fell within 60 d of emergence, following infection (about 14% of loss) or as a result of wind damage (about 5 % of loss). Thereafter, in mature and senescent leaves, leaf fall followed normal physiological changes.
A GEOMETRIC VARIANT OF TITCHMARSH DIVISOR PROBLEM

We formulate a geometric analog of the Titchmarsh divisor problem in the context of abelian varieties. For any abelian variety A defined over ℚ, we study the asymptotic distribution of the primes of ℤ which split completely in the division fields of A. For all abelian varieties which contain an elliptic curve we establish an asymptotic formula for such primes under the assumption of Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. We explain how to derive an unconditional asymptotic formula in the case that the abelian variety is a complex multiplication elliptic curve.