Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung transplant outcomes: a review of survival, graft function, physiology, health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness

The success of lung transplantation has improved over time as evidenced by better long-term survival and functional outcomes. Despite the success of this procedure, there are numerous problems and complications that may develop over the life of a lung transplant recipient. With proper monitoring and treatment, the frequency and severity of these problems can be decreased. However, significant improvement for the overall outcomes of lung transplantation will only occur when better methods exist to prevent or effectively treat chronic rejection.
The Philosopher Leader: On Relationalism, Ethics and Reflexivity—A Critical Perspective to Teaching Leadership

The issue of teaching from a critical perspective is particularly important and challenging at the Executive MBA level, where students are senior managers in influential positions and often deeply enmeshed in prevailing managerial ideologies, structures of control and systems of power. Questioning taken-for-granted systems can be perceived as threatening and needless, especially when one's career is dependent on the current system. Therefore one of the major challenges of teaching leadership from a critical perspective lies in persuading students of the need to think differently about leadership, organizations and themselves as leaders. The challenge can become particularly acute if the EMBA programme is based on conventional pedagogical premises and as a result, students come into the course expecting to be given tools to simplify their lives in the form of leadership principles and techniques. I will offer one way of thinking about leadership, drawing on the philosophical themes of relationalism, ethics and reflexivity. I begin by setting the context of the article in my experience of teaching an Executive Leadership course on a conventionally taught Executive MBA programme. I go on to introduce the three themes, which emerge from my interests in phenomenological philosophy, and examine their relevance and value to leadership and CMS, before discussing how each theme relates to the idea of a philosopher leader.
Responsiveness in Parent-Adolescent Relationships: Are Influences Conditional? Does the Reporter Matter?

This paper examines conditional and reporter effects of parental responsiveness using survey data from White 8th to 12th graders (N = 440) and their parents (N = 511). Adolescent reports of maternal and paternal responsiveness predicted higher GPAs, fewer delinquent behaviors, and less internal distress. Mothers’ and fathers’ reports of responsiveness were positively associated with adolescent responsibility. Looking within families, the more dissimilar mother and adolescent reports were, the more internal distress daughters reported. Looking across families, mothers’ responsiveness was associated with higher GPAs and fathers’ responsiveness was associated with lower substance use, but only for adolescents who reported less responsiveness than their parents and peers. The findings suggest using a single reporter to describe a relationship property is incomplete.
Marijuana's impairing effects on driving are moderate when taken alone but severe when combined with alcohol

Previous experimental and epidemiological studies failed to provide unequivocal evidence that marijuana, either alone or in combination with alcohol, impairs a driver's performance to the extent that it will compromise traffic safety. We investigated the effects of marijuana, alone and in combination with alcohol, on actual driving in four, single‐blind, randomized, cross‐over studies. In Study 1, 24 subjects performed a road‐tracking test on a closed segment of a primary highway after smoking marijuana that contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg/ kg Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In Study 2, 16 new subjects smoked the same THC doses before they performed a road‐tracking and a car‐following test; however, this time in the presence of other traffic. In Study 3, two groups of 16 subjects performed a city driving test. One group smoked marijuana delivering 0 and 100 μg/ kg THC prior to driving; the other group drunk orange juice mixed with or without a low dose of alcohol. In Study 4, 18 subjects performed a road‐tracking and a car‐following test in each of six conditions where they smoked marijuana with 0, 100, or 200 μg/ kg THC after they had consumed orange juice with or without alcohol. In these studies, marijuana alone significantly increased lateral position variability in the road‐tracking test and distance variability during deceleration manoeuvres in the car‐following test. Reaction times during car‐following were not significantly affected, and a THC dose of 100 μg/ kg did not impair city driving performance. Blood plasma concentrations of THC and THC‐COOH were not related to the degree of impairment. A low dose of alcohol (i.e. blood alcohol concentrations around 0·04%) impaired performance in all driving tests. Whereas marijuana's effects on driving performance were small (100 μg/ kg THC) or moderate (200 and 300 μg/ kg) when taken alone, they were severe when combined with a low dose of alcohol. In conclusion, marijuana alone impairs driving performance, with the degree of impairment increasing from small to moderate as the THC dose increases from 100 to 300 μg/ kg. However, when low to moderate doses of THC (100 and 200 μg/ kg) are taken in combination with a low dose of alcohol sufficient for attaining a BAC of about 0·04% actual driving is severely impaired. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualization Viewpoints Data, Information, and Knowledge in Visualization Defi Nitions of Data, Information, and Knowledge Perceptual and Cognitive Space

I n visualization, we use the terms data, information and knowledge extensively, often in an interrelated context. In many cases, they indicate different levels of abstraction, understanding , or truthfulness. For example, " visualization is concerned with exploring data and information, " 1 " the primary objective in data visualization is to gain insight into an information space, " 1 and " information visualization " is for " data mining and knowledge discovery. " 2 In other cases, these three terms indicate data types, for instance, as adjectives in noun phrases, such as data visualization, information visualization, and knowledge visual-ization. These examples suggest that data, information , and knowledge could serve as both the input and output of a visualization process, raising questions about their exact role in visualization. There are many competing defi nitions of data, information, and knowledge, in different aspects of computer science and engineering and in other disciplines such as psychology, management sciences, and epistemology (the theory of knowledge). 3 The use of the three terms isn't consistent and is often confl icting. For instance, data and information are often interchangeable in computing (for example, data processing and information processing or data management and information management). From a systems perspective, however, data is referred to as bits and bytes stored on or communicated via a digital medium. So any computerized representations , including knowledge representations, are types of data. On the other hand, from the perspective of knowledge-based systems, data is a simpler form of knowledge. Researchers have attempted to clarify the tax-onomy of terms used in the visualization community (for example, in the work of). However, the terms data, information, and knowledge remain ambiguous. This article doesn't attempt to offer a different taxonomy for visualization. Instead, we differentiate these three terms from the perspective of visualization processes. Furthermore, we examine the current and future role of information and knowledge in the development of visualization technology. Since we can read data, grasp information, and acquire knowledge, we must differentiate these terms in the perceptual and cognitive space. Because we can also store data, information, and knowledge in the computer, we must also differentiate them in the computational space. The data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy 7 is a popular model for classifying human understanding in the perceptual and cog-nitive space. The origin of this hierarchy can be traced to the poet T.S. Eliot. 8 Table 1 shows Rus-sell Ackoff's …
Is it Web 2.0 or is it Better Information and Knowledge That we Need?

Abstract This paper is a response to the Invited Editorial by Anthony Schembri about Web 2.0 and Social Work. We look at the research literature about Information and Communication Technologies and welfare practice and, in addition, report on case study work with Springvale Community Aid and Advice Bureau. We conclude that before engaging in Web 2.0 initiatives, organisations need to assess their internal ICT capacity.
Sight-Reading Ability in Wind and Percussion Students: A Review of Recent Literature

The development of sight-reading ability among student musicians continues to be an important fundamental skill in instrumental music education. As stated by Gregory (1972), “A prime educational goal of any discipline is the development of an independent learner. In music, an obvious prerequisite to independence is the ability to sightread” (p. 462). Development of sight-reading skills can be jeopardized if all rehearsal time is devoted to preparation for performance. It is necessary for music educators to maintain an appropriate balance between the products and processes of music education. Karpinski (2000) suggested that there must be a balance between sight-reading and prepared music in rehearsals and recommended that the amount of prepared material “decline in inverse proportion to the amount of music offered up for sightreading” (p. 191). He claimed that “prepared materials should ultimately feed into the experience of sightreading, so that the process of reading music extemporaneously relies more and more on the informed mind of the skilled reader” (p. 191). There is a wealth of research on sight-reading that ranges from methods of instruction to examination of eye movements. In 1987, Stebleton completed a comprehensive review of the sight-reading literature, and there has been an abundance of research on the topic since that time. In the review of the literature offered here, I resume Stebleton’s research and examine selected studies from 1987 to the present. I selected studies for the review according to their relevance to teaching sight-reading and rhythmic reading to band students. After the literature review, I offer suggestions for applying the findings to current educational situations.
Liver Fatty Acid-binding Protein Initiates Budding of Pre-chylomicron Transport Vesicles from Intestinal Endoplasmic Reticulum*

The rate-limiting step in the transit of absorbed dietary fat across the enterocyte is the generation of the pre-chylomicron transport vesicle (PCTV) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This vesicle does not require coatomer-II (COPII) proteins for budding from the ER membrane and contains vesicle-associated membrane protein 7, found in intestinal ER, which is a unique intracellular location for this SNARE protein. We wished to identify the protein(s) responsible for budding this vesicle from ER membranes in the absence of the requirement for COPII proteins. We chromatographed rat intestinal cytosol on Sephacryl S-100 and found that PCTV budding activity appeared in the low molecular weight fractions. Additional chromatographic steps produced a single major and several minor bands on SDS-PAGE. By tandem mass spectroscopy, the bands contained both liver and intestinal fatty acid-binding proteins (L- and I-FABP) as well as four other proteins. Recombinant proteins for each of the six proteins identified were tested for PCTV budding activity; only L-FABP and I-FABP (23% the activity of L-FABP) were active. The vesicles generated by L-FABP were sealed, contained apolipoproteins B48 and AIV, were of the same size as PCTV on Sepharose CL-6B, and by electron microscopy, excluded calnexin and calreticulin but did not fuse with cis-Golgi nor did L-FABP generate COPII-dependent vesicles. Gene-disrupted L-FABP mouse cytosol had 60% the activity of wild type mouse cytosol. We conclude that L-FABP can select cargo for and bud PCTV from intestinal ER membranes.
Optimal Design of Internal Permanent Magnet Motor for Starter/Generator of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

An internal permanent magnet (IPM) motor may be used as a suitable electric vehicle drive. This paper presents the results of optimal design of such machine as starter/generator of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The required performance in HEV is a constant power over a wide speed range. In IPM machine, direct control of the PM flux is not possible but d-axis armature current can weaken the air gap flux. However, in this method, demagnetization effect caused by the reaction of the above mentioned current must be prevented. The vector control method is used in order to extend the performance range of the IPM motor. Efficiency and performance characteristics are considered as objective functions and an optimal design technique is applied to maximize the efficiency and achieve a good performance. Genetic algorithm is employed as optimization routine in order to find the optimum design variables of the objective function
Monotonicity is a key feature of genotype-phenotype maps

It was recently shown that monotone gene action, i.e., order-preservation between allele content and corresponding genotypic values in the mapping from genotypes to phenotypes, is a prerequisite for achieving a predictable parent-offspring relationship across the whole allele frequency spectrum. Here we test the consequential prediction that the design principles underlying gene regulatory networks are likely to generate highly monotone genotype-phenotype maps. To this end we present two measures of the monotonicity of a genotype-phenotype map, one based on allele substitution effects, and the other based on isotonic regression. We apply these measures to genotype-phenotype maps emerging from simulations of 1881 different 3-gene regulatory networks. We confirm that in general, genotype-phenotype maps are indeed highly monotonic across network types. However, regulatory motifs involving incoherent feedforward or positive feedback, as well as pleiotropy in the mapping between genotypes and gene regulatory parameters, are clearly predisposed for generating non-monotonicity. We present analytical results confirming these deep connections between molecular regulatory architecture and monotonicity properties of the genotype-phenotype map. These connections seem to be beyond reach by the classical distinction between additive and non-additive gene action.
ROLE OF BONE GRAFTS AND BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES IN ISOLATED SUBTALAR JOINT ARTHRODESIS

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare union rates for isolated subtalar arthrodesis with and without the use of bone grafts or bone graft substitutes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 135 subtalar fusions with a mean follow-up of 18 ± 14 months. The standard approach was used for all surgeries. Graft materials included b-tricalcium phosphate, demineralized bone matrix, iliac crest autograft and allograft, and allograft cancellous chips. Successful subtalar fusion was determined clinically and radiographically. Results: There was an 88% (37/42) union rate without graft use and an 83% (78/93) union rate with bone graft use. Odds ratio of union for graft versus no graft was 0.703 (95% CI, 0.237-2.08). The average time to union in the graft group was 3 ± 0.73 months and 3 ± 0.86 in the non-graft group, with no statistically significant difference detected (p = 0.56). Conclusion: Graft use did not improve union rates for subtalar arthrodesis. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
The Psychological Impact of Merger and Acquisition on the Individual: A Study of Building Society Managers

The prospect of increasing profitability and market share by acquisition or merger has continued to exercise a more immediate and seductive appeal to organizations than a reliance on organic growth alone, despite the seemingly high risks attached. The human aspects of merger and acquisition and the impact such a major change event has on employee health and well being has received relatively little research attention. This article reports on a recent study of middle managers (n = 157) involved in the merger of two U.K. Building Societies. Post-merger measures of mental health suggest merger to be a stressful life event, even when there is a high degree of cultural compatibility between the partnering organizations.
Cervicogenic dysfunction in muscle contraction headache and migraine: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence and nature of findings of cervicogenic dysfunction is explored in subjects with muscle contraction/tension-type (MCH) headache and common migraine without aura (CM). DESIGN Descriptive survey. SETTING Chiropractic outpatient research clinic. PATIENTS Forty-seven (47) subjects, aged 18-55 with two categories of benign headache, were studied: MCH (tension-type) n = 19 (6 males, 13 females) and CM (without aura), n = 28 (3 males, 25 females). Subjects were recruited as part of an intervention trial and, thus, form a consecutive sample of patients. The present findings were elicited as part of the initial assessment. INTERVENTION No therapeutic intervention is reported. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Standardized headache history; plain film and dynamic spinal X rays; motion palpation; and pressure algometry. RESULTS For CM, the most prevalent headache locations were frontal (81%) and occipital (78%). Neck pain and upper back pain accompanied headache in 90% and 41% of subjects, respectively. For MCH, the most prevalent headache locations were occipital (87%) and frontal (81%). Neck and upper back pain accompanied headache in 100% and 27%, respectively, of all subjects. For the total group, 77% of all subjects and 89% of females exhibited a marked reduction, absence or reversal of the normal cervical lordosis. Ninety-seven percent of all subjects exhibited, on dynamic X-ray studies, at least one significant abnormality of segmental mobility from C1 to C7, while 43% exhibited abnormalities at four or more segments. Segmental motion at C0-C1 was reduced in 90% of subjects in flexion and 70% of subjects in extension. On motion palpation, 84% of CM and MCH subjects were found to have at least two major fixations from C0 to C2. On pressure algometry, 92% of CM and 85% of MCH had at least one verifiable tender point (TP) in the upper cervical region. The most common locations for TPs were mid-cervical (C2-C3), lateral occipital and suboccipital. CONCLUSIONS Both MCH and CM subjects demonstrate high occurrences of: a) occipital and neck pain during headaches; b) tender points in the upper cervical region; c) greatly reduced or absent cervical curve; and d) X-ray evidence of joint dysfunction in the upper and lower cervical spine. These findings support the premise that the neck plays an important, but largely ignored role in the manifestation of adult benign headaches. A case-control study should be conducted to confirm the greater prevalence of cervicogenic dysfunction in headache as compared to nonheadache subjects.
Zones of Transformation? Informal Construction and Independent Zoning Plans in East Jerusalem

Since the occupation and annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967, state-endorsed planning policies of restriction and demolition have had a profound oppressive effect on Palestinian urban development and political activity in the city. While the effects of this oppression have been widely discussed, this paper offers a closer look at ‘ground-level’ planning processes. The analysis of independent local zoning plans submitted by Palestinians to legalize and expand their houses reveals a wider range of activity, negotiations, and inconsistencies. I argue that the practice of the independent plans, as small-scale yet unmediated acts operating from within the institutional planning system, presents a form of encroachment on the bureaucratic apparatus. While the ‘spot-zoning’ amendment to the planning and building law originally resulted from pressures to promote free-market logic in urban planning practices, it unwittingly opened up the possibility for excluded and subordinated residents to pursue a new course of action. Thus, the concurrent tendencies of the Israeli planning system towards ethnonational goals, rational–comprehensive planning episteme, and the neoliberal logic have led to unexpected, at times contradictory, results. I claim that by dwelling on the inherent tensions between these tendencies, the independent plans work towards transforming the urban context into an arena for negotiating rights and positing demands that cannot be articulated in the political sphere.
Combined flow in musical jam sessions: A pilot qualitative study

Despite extensive research into the phenomenon of flow, there has been a comparative deficit in literature relating to the experience of shared or combined flow. This pilot study explored the subjective experience of combined flow in musical jam sessions, with particular emphasis on delineating the characteristics, outcomes, and practical applications unique to combined flow. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with six musicians who had extensive experience of group jam sessions. Grounded theory analysis of interview data identified two major themes; the experience of combined flow as a sequential progression through a set of stages; and the inter-subjectivity of the experience leading to the development of empathy between group members. A major finding was that the combined flow experience discussed by musicians met many of the criteria for classification as a flow experience, while also having the unique positive outcome of empathy development.
Aberrant Brain Functional Connectivity Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Resting-State fMRI Study

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which is involved in the development of Alzheimer disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal resting-state brain functional connectivity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 31 healthy well-matched volunteers were prospectively examined. Resting-state brain functional connectivity analysis was used to examine the correlation between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole-brain regions. The possible relationships between functional connectivity measures and insulin resistance were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, we observed significantly decreased functional connectivity of the PCC within some selected regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left precentral gyrus; increased functional connectivity of the PCC was detected in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. A significant negative correlation was found between the PCC-right MTG connectivity and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.014; r = −0.446). CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetic patients develop aberrant functional connectivity of the PCC, which is associated with insulin resistance in selected brain regions. Resting-state connectivity disturbance of PCC–MTG may be a central role for evaluating the cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.