Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Western Career Attributes in the Russian Context.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the dynamic character of career and its key attributes, and the embeddedness of their definitions and meanings in national social, political and economic contexts.Design/methodology/approach – Features of three recent distinct social, political and economic situations in Russia are used to explore the meanings of nine key career attributes introduced by the Western career literature.Findings – It was found that in Russia each of the nine key career attributes accommodates a different meaning compared with their original Western meaning, and that these meanings are continuously changing to reflect the current social, political and economic environment. In sum, this exploration revealed a dynamic character to career attributes, and their content changed depending on the underlying context.Research limitations/implications – Among key research implications are: a possibility of using Western career theories mainly as conceptual frameworks for stu.
Combined application of BDNF to the eye and brain enhances ganglion cell survival and function in the cat after optic nerve injury.

PURPOSE To determine whether application of BDNF to the eye and brain provides a greater level of neuroprotection after optic nerve injury than treatment of the eye alone. METHODS Retinal ganglion cell survival and pattern electroretinographic responses were compared in normal cat eyes and in eyes that received (1) a mild nerve crush and no treatment, (2) a single intravitreal injection of BDNF at the time of the nerve injury, or (3) intravitreal treatment combined with 1 to 2 weeks of continuous delivery of BDNF to the visual cortex, bilaterally. RESULTS Relative to no treatment, administration of BDNF to the eye alone resulted in a significant increase in ganglion cell survival at both 1 and 2 weeks after nerve crush (1 week, 79% vs. 55%; 2 weeks, 60% vs. 31%). Combined treatment of the eye and visual cortex resulted in a modest additional increase (17%) in ganglion cell survival in the 1-week eyes, a further significant increase (55%) in the 2-week eyes, and ganglion cell survival levels for both that were comparable to normal (92%-93% survival). Pattern ERG responses for all the treated eyes were comparable to normal at 1 week after injury; however, at 2 weeks, only the responses of eyes receiving the combined BDNF treatment remained so. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment of the eye alone with BDNF has a significant impact on ganglion cell survival after optic nerve injury, combined treatment of the eye and brain may represent an even more effective approach and should be considered in the development of future optic neuropathy-related neuroprotection strategies.
Average age of information with hybrid ARQ under a resource constraint

Scheduling the transmission of status updates over an error-prone communication channel is studied in order to minimize the long-term average age of information (AoI) at the destination under a constraint on the average number of transmissions at the source node. After each transmission, the source receives an instantaneous ACK/NACK feedback, and decides on the next update without prior knowledge on the success of future transmissions. First, the optimal scheduling policy is studied under different feedback mechanisms when the channel statistics are known; in particular, the standard automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ) protocols are considered. Then, for an unknown environment, an average-cost reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed that learns the system parameters and the transmission policy in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified through numerical simulations.
Natural Killer Cells Regulate T-Cell Proliferation during Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Infection

ABSTRACT Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a major respiratory pathogen in humans. Failure to induce immunological memory associated with HPIV3 infection has been attributed to inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We demonstrate that the inability of mixed lymphocytes to respond to virally infected antigen-presenting cells is due to an interleukin-2-dependent, nonapoptotic mechanism involving natural killer (NK) cells and their influence is exerted in a contact-dependent manner. These results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for NK cells during HPIV3 infection, offering an explanation for viral persistence and poor memory responses.
Fundamental performance limitations in estimation problems

In this paper, we address the performance limitation issues in estimation problems. Our purpose is to explicitly relate the best achievable estimation errors with simple plant character- istics. In particular, we study performance limitations in achieving four objectives: (1) estimating the output of an LTI system from its version corrupted by a white noise, (2) estimating a Brownian motion from its version distorted by an LTI system, (3) estimating the output of an LTI system from its version corrupted by a Brownian noise, (4) estimating a white noise from its version distorted by an LTI system. - P - j - F ? 6 j - ? u y
Mourning silence: Women superintendents (and a researcher) rethink speaking up and speaking out

This article uses Derrida? s (1994) concept of philosophical mourning as an analytic to explore the aftermath of broken silence about sexism and discriminatory treatment in the public school superintendency. The two major sections of the article focus on the mourning work done by a researcher and three female former superintendents in reconstructing their thinking following the participants? speaking up in research interviews about their differential treatment as women working in the most gender stratified executive position in the United States.
Trait anxiety, visuospatial processing, and working memory

This experiment assessed the components of Baddeley's working memory system impaired by anxiety during performance of the Corsi Blocks Test. The Corsi task was performed concurrently with different secondary tasks (i.e., articulatory suppression; counting backwards; spatial tapping; simple tapping). Results showed Corsi performance depended mainly on the central executive and visuospatial sketchpad components of working memory. Adverse effects of trait anxiety on the Corsi task were observed on the central executive but not on the phonological loop or the visuospatial sketchpad. These effects were not mediated by state anxiety. The findings indicate for the first time that trait anxiety impairs central executive functioning on a nonverbal task, and that anxiety does not impair functioning of the “slave” systems (i.e., phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad). Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
An Infant With Trisomy 18 and a Ventricular Septal Defect

Decisions for critically ill infants with trisomy 18 raise thorny issues about values, futility, the burdens of treatment, cost-effectiveness, and justice. We presented the case of an infant with trisomy 18 to 2 neonatologists with experience in clinical ethics, Annie Janvier and Felix Okah, and to a parent, Barbara Farlow. They do not agree about the right thing to do.
Learning from Collaboratively Playing with Simulation Models in Policy Making: An Experimental Evaluation in Fisheries Management

Hendrik Stouten*, Hans Polet, Aimé Heene and Xavier Gellynck 1 Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Cognitive Style of Female University Students of Visual Art

This study examined the cognitive style of 121 female and 84 male undergraduate students enrolled in 5 art courses (art education, fibers, sculpture, introductory and advanced art history) at an urban university. The Group Embedded Figures Test was administered to these students to measure field-independence or cognitive style. Students showed diversity of cognitive styles. Both female and male students scored in the mid-quartiles. Males over-all were slightly more field independent.
Truncated Multilingualism or Language Shift? An Examination of Language Use in Intimate Domains in a New Non-racial Working Class Township in South Africa

Abstract The dominance of English in particular domains of language use in South Africa, such as higher education and the economy, has led to the fear that other languages may be threatened by an increasing shift to English in all domains, especially among the young. However, this paper reveals the strong vitality of the mother tongues in the intimate domains and increasing multilingualism becoming the norm in new shared spaces.
Operational Evaluation of ASON/GMPLS Interdomain Capability over a JGN II Network Testbed

Traffic engineering in backbone networks is an important issue in supporting an appropriate QoS level to accommodate various types of traffic flows efficiently. Automatically switched optical networks and generalized multiprotocol label switching control planes are promising functionalities to achieve the sophisticated mechanism of interdomain traffic engineering. In this article we address dynamic operational scenarios to control IP traffic flows using the ASON/GMPLS control plane. This includes cut-through IP/MPLS routers and the rerouting of failed links through the tunnel of optical label-switched paths. This article presents an operational evaluation of traffic engineering. More specifically, we present QoS recovery for protecting high priority traffic using policy controllers and fault recovery of inter-domain LSPs over the JGN II network testbed. This article evaluates and discusses the feasibility of these operational scenarios using state-of-the-art optical switching and control- plane technologies.
Fair Measures: A Behavioral Realist Revision of 'Affirmative Action'

New facts recently discovered in the mind and behavioral sciences have the potential to transform both lay and expert conceptions of affirmative action. Drawing on recent findings in implicit social cognition (ISC) and applying a legal methodology called behavioral realism, the authors advance four arguments. First, evidence of pervasive implicit bias allows us to avoid problematic backward- and forward-looking justifications for affirmative action and instead focus on addressing discrimination here and now. Second, evidence of biased interpretation and stereotype threat suggests that merit is currently being mismeasured, and that more accurate measurement processes should be adopted. Third, evidence of the malleability of implicit bias suggests interventions different from the traditional social contact hypothesis, such as deploying debiasing agents. Finally, instead of an arbitrary deadline, a better terminus for various affirmative action programs is when our society reaches alignment between explicit normative commitments and measures of implicit bias. Through this analysis of the legal and policy implications of cutting-edge social cognitive research, the authors shed the freighted term affirmative action and produce instead a scientific and normative common ground in favor of fair measures.
The r-Process-Enriched Low Metallicity Giant HD 115444

New high resolution, very high signal-to-noise spectra of ultra-metal-poor (UMP) giant stars HD 115444 and HD 122563 have been gathered with the High-Resolution Echelle Spectrometer of the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Telescope. With these spectra, line identification and model atmosphere analyses have been conducted, emphasizing the neutron-capture elements. Twenty elements with Z > 30 have been identified in the spectrum of HD 115444. This star is known to have overabundances of the neutron-capture elements, but it has lacked a detailed analysis necessary to compare with nucleosynthesis predictions. The new study features a line-by-line differential abundance comparison of HD 115444 with the bright, well-studied halo giant HD 122563. For HD 115444, the overall metallicity is [Fe/H] ≃ –3.0. The abundances of the light and iron-peak elements generally show the same pattern as other UMP stars (e.g. overdeficiencies of manganese and chromium, overabundances of cobalt), but the differential analysis indicates several nucleosynthesis signatures that are unique to each star. Synthetic spectrum analyses reveal substantial overabundances of the heavier neutron-capture elements (Z ≥ 56; elements barium and beyond) in HD 115444. Thus with [Eu/Fe] ≃ +0.9 for example, HD 115444 is a moderate version of the extremely neutron-capture-rich UMP giant CS 22892-052 ([Fe/H] ≃ –3.1, [Eu/Fe] ≃ +1.7). The abundance pattern of the heavier neutron-capture elements is consistent with scaled solar system r-process-only abundances (with little contribution from the s-process). In HD 115444, [Ba/Eu] = –0.73, while in CS 22892-052, this ratio is –0.79. Thus HD 115444 becomes the second UMP r-process-rich halo giant unambiguously identified from a very detailed abundance analysis. Abundances of the lighter neutron-capture elements strontium, yttrium, and zirconium are however nearly identical in HD 115444 and HD 122563. Along with the heavier neutron-capture elements, the λ4019 Å line of Th ii has been
Agonist and Antagonist Muscle EMG Activity Pattern Changes with Skill Acquisition

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the modifications in the control of the biceps brachii (agonist) and triceps brachii (antagonist) muscles during the learning of two elbow flexion tasks in sixteen college-age women. A positioning and a coincidence task were each performed at 40° and 200° per second angular velocity while bipolar surface electrodes recorded the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles involved. Data on the EMG activity, angular kinematics, and timing and angular displacement error were quantified and subjected to statistical analyses. The results of the error analyses indicated that subjects did learn the various tasks over the 120 trials. Because there were no significant changes in the angular velocity patterns over trials, the EMG activity modifications are suggested to reflect differences in the control of the muscles monitored during the movements. In addition, EMG activity pattern modifications which occurred in discrete portions of the movements in bot.
'It's like if you opened someone else's letter': user perceived privacy and social practices with SMS communication

This paper presents a study examining users' perceptions of privacy relating to mobile phone usage, and more specifically on the use of short message service (SMS) messages. The study also looks at the reasons for mobile phone ownership, and user perceptions on possibilities for added privacy with mobile messaging communication. The user study consisted of a written survey of 119 people and ten interviews. Results confirm that most respondents feel mobile phones are private and personal devices, and that SMS messages are perceived as more private than normal calls. This research found user privacy is guarded by widely accepted, unwritten rules of treating phones and messages as confidential.
A taxonomy of gambling and casino games via social media and online technologies

The increased popularity of casino games on social media platforms has prompted international jurisdictions to consider the extent to which these games may be similar to Internet gambling activities and therefore subject to regulatory action. Gambling themes are popular in video and computer games, and simulated-gambling activities are commonly offered by gambling operators as a way of enticing users to gamble online with money. However, little research has evaluated the impact of the digital convergence of gambling and gaming. The lack of a clear definition of online gambling-themed activities to guide such research undertakings represents a significant hurdle to the fields of gambling and gaming. Based on a review of the extant literature, this article proposes a taxonomy to distinguish between many types of online activities with gambling-themed content. This taxonomy suggests that the principal features that differentiate online gambling games include the requirement for payment, the role of skill, the type of platform and the centrality of the gambling theme. The proposed hierarchical framework aims to promote clear and consistent discussion to guide ongoing investigation of new and emerging Internet gambling and gaming technologies.
Lexicon Infused Phrase Embeddings for Named Entity Resolution

Most state-of-the-art approaches for named-entity recognition (NER) use semi supervised information in the form of word clusters and lexicons. Recently neural network-based language models have been explored, as they as a byproduct generate highly informative vector representations for words, known as word embeddings. In this paper we present two contributions: a new form of learning word embeddings that can leverage information from relevant lexicons to improve the representations, and the first system to use neural word embeddings to achieve state-of-the-art results on named-entity recognition in both CoNLL and Ontonotes NER. Our system achieves an F1 score of 90.90 on the test set for CoNLL 2003---significantly better than any previous system trained on public data, and matching a system employing massive private industrial query-log data.
PATTERNS IN CRIMINAL ACHIEVEMENT: WILSON AND ABRAHAMSE REVISITED

Even though intense cultural pressures for monetary success and an institutional social structure dominated by the economy are viewed in anomie theory as stimulating criminal motivations and accounting for criminal behavior with an instrumental character, patterns in criminal earnings have not attracted much scholarly and empirical attention. Wilson and Abrahamse's (1992) analysis of Rand's second inmate survey concluded that most inmates interviewed during the survey had overestimated their monthly criminal earnings in an effort to rationalize their poor criminal performances. In this paper, we conduct, using Rand's first survey, a reanalysis of inmates' self-reported monthly earnings. We conclude that meaningful patterns in criminal achievements easily emerge when allowed to do so. These patterns offer a telling story about differential criminal opportunities. Wilson and Abrahamse's emphasis on temporal inconsistency and response bias (boosting past benefits of crime) misrepresents the facts of that story and misjudges those persons agreeing to tell it. It is concluded that for a “criminal subculture” to have any persuasive or binding effect, its participants must be reasonably assured that their chances of making “crime pay” are not so remote as to become unattainable.
Covering of ordinals

The paper focuses on the structure of fundamental sequences of ordinals smaller than $\epsilon_0$. A first result is the construction of a monadic second-order formula identifying a given structure, whereas such a formula cannot exist for ordinals themselves. The structures are precisely classified in the pushdown hierarchy. Ordinals are also located in the hierarchy, and a direct presentation is given.
Evolving Ensemble Fuzzy Classifier

The concept of ensemble learning offers a promising avenue in learning from data streams under complex environments because it better addresses the bias and variance dilemma than its single-model counterpart and features a reconfigurable structure, which is well suited to the given context. While various extensions of ensemble learning for mining nonstationary data streams can be found in the literature, most of them are crafted under static base-classifier and revisit preceding samples in the sliding window for a retraining step. This feature causes computationally prohibitive complexity and is not flexible enough to cope with rapidly changing environments. Their complexities are often demanding because they involve a large collection of offline classifiers due to the absence of structural complexities reduction mechanisms and lack of an online feature selection mechanism. A novel evolving ensemble classifier, namely Parsimonious Ensemble (pENsemble), is proposed in this paper. pENsemble differs from existing architectures in the fact that it is built upon an evolving classifier from data streams, termed Parsimonious Classifier. pENsemble is equipped by an ensemble pruning mechanism, which estimates a localized generalization error of a base classifier. A dynamic online feature selection scenario is integrated into the pENsemble. This method allows for dynamic selection and deselection of input features on the fly. pENsemble adopts a dynamic ensemble structure to output a final classification decision where it features a novel drift detection scenario to grow the ensemble's structure. The efficacy of the pENsemble has been numerically demonstrated through rigorous numerical studies with dynamic and evolving data streams, where it delivers the most encouraging performance in attaining a tradeoff between accuracy and complexity.
Women managers' careers in information technology in China: high flyers with emotional costs?

Purpose – This study seeks to focus on Chinese women managers and gender aspects in information technology (IT) management.Design/methodology/approach – Women managers' experience on career is explored in relation to the Chinese cultural environment and within the IT industry. Two special topics emerged from the in‐depth interview results: high future expectations and strong belief in own competence. Background methodology of the study is Q‐sort methodology and interpretive analysis.Findings – The findings suggest that IT women managers are high achievers with a high level of ambition. A joy of career advancement and full use of their potential is seen in their perceptions of work and career. The findings also indicate that Chinese women's career development in the IT field calls for identity reconstruction in both their private and work lives. This refers to a work‐family conflict within Chinese culture which emphasizes Guanxi and close societal ties. Although not expressed specifically, it was possible .
Conflicting Professional Values in Medical Education

Ten years ago there was little talk about adding “professionalism” to the medical curriculum. Educators seemed to believe that professionalism was like the studs of a building—the occupants assume them to be present, supporting and defining the space in which they live or work, but no one talks much about them. Similarly, educators assumed that professional values would just “happen,” as trainees spent years working with mentors and role models, as had presumably been the case in the past. To continue the metaphor, when educators did discuss ethics and values, they tended to focus more on external building codes than on the nature of construction materials. Building codes are designed to ensure the public's safety by establishing procedures and standards. Likewise, the “new” bioethics of autonomy and informed consent that entered the medical curriculum in the 1970s and 1980s was oriented primarily toward protecting human rights (e.g., protecting patients from clinicians and clinicians from patients) by codification (e.g., who should decide and under what circumstances). In fact, educators explicitly warned students against acting on their personal or professional values in a misguided way—that is, in the absence of adequate ethical constraints, a type of behavior that came to be labeled, pejoratively, as paternalism.