Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Coping Efforts Temper Negative Attributions of Disability Stigma

The current research examined attributional evaluations and health perceptions of targets with various disabilities and explored the role that government assistance and coping played in shaping these ratings across three studies. Participants were recruited from Amazon’s MTurk (n = 163, 200, and 180, respectively). Participants read vignettes describing three women with disabilities (cardiovascular disease, depression, and pain; Study 1). In Study 2, this information was standardized to explore disability differences attributed to the disability, and in Study 3, specific information about coping was also presented. Across all three studies, government assistance was not predictive of attributional evaluations or health perceptions. However, in two of the three studies, disabilities did differ in attributional evaluations and health perceptions. Specifically, cardiovascular disease was rated the harshest. Coping also led to differences in attributional evaluations and health perceptions with targets who did not cope at all receiving the harshest ratings, while targets who actively coped receiving the kindest ratings, and this was independent of disability. Results suggest that information about stigma onset and offset are both important in the attributional process whether implicit in the disability or explicitly stated in the vignette as coping. These results may inform stigma reduction efforts and future research.
The social media political participation model: A goal systems theory perspective

Although studies suggest that the use of social media can promote political participation (PP), there is a lack of theorizing about the psychological processes underlying this relationship. This article attempts to fill this gap by suggesting a social media political participation model. Taking a goal systemic perspective, the model specifies a set of interrelated processes that need to be realized so that social media use affects PP. Furthermore, key contingent conditions are outlined and insights into fostering PP are offered. The article explains ways of testing the model with surveys and experiments. Implications for future research are discussed.
Elusive Origins of the Extra Genes in Aspergillus oryzae

The genome sequence of Aspergillus oryzae revealed unexpectedly that this species has approximately 20% more genes than its congeneric species A. nidulans and A. fumigatus. Where did these extra genes come from? Here, we evaluate several possible causes of the elevated gene number. Many gene families are expanded in A. oryzae relative to A. nidulans and A. fumigatus, but we find no evidence of ancient whole-genome duplication or other segmental duplications, either in A. oryzae or in the common ancestor of the genus Aspergillus. We show that the presence of divergent pairs of paralogs is a feature peculiar to A. oryzae and is not shared with A. nidulans or A. fumigatus. In phylogenetic trees that include paralog pairs from A. oryzae, we frequently find that one of the genes in a pair from A. oryzae has the expected orthologous relationship with A. nidulans, A. fumigatus and other species in the subphylum Eurotiomycetes, whereas the other A. oryzae gene falls outside this clade but still within the Ascomycota. We identified 456 such gene pairs in A. oryzae. Further phylogenetic analysis did not however indicate a single consistent evolutionary origin for the divergent members of these pairs. Approximately one-third of them showed phylogenies that are suggestive of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from Sordariomycete species, and these genes are closer together in the A. oryzae genome than expected by chance, but no unique Sordariomycete donor species was identifiable. The postulated HGTs from Sordariomycetes still leave the majority of extra A. oryzae genes unaccounted for. One possible explanation for our observations is that A. oryzae might have been the recipient of many separate HGT events from diverse donors.
On Renormalization Group Flows and Exactly Marginal Operators in Three Dimensions

As in two and four dimensions, supersymmetric conformal field theories in three dimensions can have exactly marginal operators. These are illustrated in a number of examples with N=4 and N=2 supersymmetry. The N=2 theory of three chiral multiplets X,Y,Z and superpotential W=XYZ has an exactly marginal operator; N=2 U(1) with one electron, which is mirror to this theory, has one also. Many N=4 fixed points with superpotentials W \sim Phi Q_i \tilde Q^i have exactly marginal deformations consisting of a combination of Phi^2 and (Q_i \tilde Q^i)^2. However, N=4 U(1) with one electron does not; in fact the operator Phi^2 is marginally irrelevant. The situation in non-abelian theories is similar. The relation of the marginal operators to brane rotations is briefly discussed; this is particularly simple for self-dual examples where the precise form of the marginal operator may be guessed using mirror symmetry.
Influence of negative affect on false memory production

This thesis investigates the effect of negative emotion induction on the production rate of false memories. False memories are a significant concern for situations in which the accuracy of memory is relied upon or called into question. Within the legal system eyewitness testimonies may often be the only available evidence in determining who committed a crime. In addition, in many clinical and counselling therapies memory is a central focus. In both sectors, emotion, particularly negative emotion, may affect the encoding and retrieval of false memories. Past research has previously shown that negative emotion, depending on the situation, can significantly increase, or protect against, false memory production. However, there are still many gaps in our understanding of these effects, and this thesis examines the effect of negative emotion inductions on the production of endogenous and exogenous false memories. With spontaneous endogenous false memory production, there is little known about the effect of discrete emotions, and emotion congruency. This thesis presents novel evidence of a discrete emotion congruency effect with spontaneous false memory production. This thesis also presents new perspectives on the effect of negative emotion on existing memories. Source memory errors for new false information are shown to be inflated for negative stimuli compared to neutral and positive. In addition, there is evidence that negative emotion inductions can alter the affective qualities of an already established neutral memory. The experiments presented support associative activation accounts of false memory production. The experimental evidence also demonstrates a need for future research to consider motivational aspects of emotion and investigate how goal relevance may facilitate false memory production.
Reconfiguring Uyghurness in multilingualism: an internal migration perspective

ABSTRACT This qualitative inquiry investigates how the experiences of learning and using multiple languages influenced the transformation of self-perceived ethnic identities in a group of tertiary-level Uyghur minority students in the context of internal migration in China. Data analysis showed that the majority of Uyghur participants developed a greater affinity with and attachment to their ethnic group by emphasizing the language differences between Uyghur and the dominant Han in intercultural encountering. However, they gradually probed into the meaning of “being Uyghur” in the receiving community. Participants following mother tongue and Chinese educational paradigms were found to offer contrastive answers to the question “what should be the distinguishing features of being Uyghur? ”. It was further found that learning English as a third language enabled participants to develop a positive personal ethnic identity by enhancing their understanding of ethnicity and its associations with its constituent elements. We conclude with suggestions for relevant stakeholders.
Feasibility of Post-Acute Hip Fracture Telerehabilitation in Older Adults

Recent studies demonstrated potential of home-based telerehabilitation in older adults and individuals with mobility impairment. However limited evidence exists on feasibility of home-based telerehabilitation in older adults after hip fracture. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess impact of home-based telerehabilitation of community dwelling older adults in post-acute phase of recovery after hip fracture on mobility, psycho-behavioral factors, quality of life, and satisfaction with care; (2) to estimate acceptance of the telerehabilitation system and adherence to the exercise program. We found statistically significant improvements in exercise self-efficacy, mobility, quality of life, and patient satisfaction after 30-day hip fracture telerehabilitation. Home telerehabilitation may be a viable model for post-acute hip fracture recovery and it is warranted for further evaluation in clinical trials.
Enabling or disabling technologies? A critical approach to web accessibility

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyse the continuing problem of web accessibility for disabled people as a critical information systems issue.Design/methodology/approach – The ways in which the web is used by disabled people, and problems that can arise, are described and related to the development of critical disability theory from older models of disability, including the medical and social models, noting that the social construction of disability model may tend to mask the embodied, lived experience of disability.Findings – The lack of interaction of the critical disability approach and dominant discourses of web accessibility and internet studies, particularly in relation to embodiment, is a major contributor to the continuance of an inaccessible Worldwide web.Research limitations/implications – The paper does not offer a comprehensive set of web accessibility issues, concentrating instead on the most common problems as exemplars.Practical implications – The paper raises awareness of web.
EF24 induces ROS-mediated apoptosis via targeting thioredoxin reductase 1 in gastric cancer cells

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world, and finding novel agents for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer is of urgent need. Diphenyl difluoroketone (EF24), a molecule having structural similarity to curcumin, exhibits potent anti-tumor activities by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Although EF24 demonstrates potent anticancer efficacy in numerous types of human cancer cells, the cellular targets of EF24 have not been fully defined. We report here that EF24 may interact with the thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), an important selenocysteine (Sec)-containing antioxidant enzyme, to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. By inhibiting TrxR1 activity and increasing intracellular ROS levels, EF24 induces a lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress in human gastric cancer cells. Importantly, knockdown of TrxR1 sensitizes cells to EF24 treatment. In vivo, EF24 treatment markedly reduces the TrxR1 activity and tumor cell burden, and displays synergistic lethality with 5-FU against gastric cancer cells. Targeting TrxR1 with EF24 thus discloses a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the biological activity of EF24, and reveals that TrxR1 is a good target for gastric cancer therapy.
The Construction and Validation of a Death Anxiety Scale

OF A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at the Graduate School of Eastern Illinois University CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1979 Death anxiety has been previously investigated by many means including questionnaires and physiological and behavioral measures. Prior research indicated that paper and pencil scales of death anxiety correlated with physiological measures of anxiety. The present study was an attempt to construct and validate a large paper and pencil scale to measure death anxiety by using physiological measures of anxiety as external validation criteria. Sixty-six white female students were randomly selected from a pool of 80 volunteers obtained from introductory Psychology classes at Eastern lllinois University. The physiological measure, changes in Galvanic Skin Response upon the presentation of 10 death-related and 20 neutral words, was recorded for each volunteer. Mean percent change in GSR, logarithm of mean percent change in GSR, and square root of mean percent change in GSR were computed for all 10 stimulus words for each student. A 102-item questionnaire was administered to each student and the above measures were correlated with each item of the questionnaire. This process yielded 16, 15, and 6 items respectively. A Kuder-Richardson measure of internal consistency indicated 44 items to be internally consistent. Twenty students were randomly selected to return and take the paper and penci 1 test in four weeks. A correlation of . 8886, p . 001 was obtained, an indication of a very high temporal reliability for the scale. It appears that death anxiety scales have high levels of internal consistency and temporal reliability but correlate very poorly with physiological indicators of anxiety. Acknowledgements I wish to sincerely thank al 1 three members of the committee which sat for this thesis. Without the efforts of Ors. William Hillner, William McGown, and Frank E. Hustmyer, Jr., this thesis, the greatest accomplishment of my life, could not have been achieved.
INVESTIGATION OF VOT AS AN ACOUSTIC FEATURE OF CONSONANTS IN STRESSED SYLLABLE IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic impairment, which is caused by the copy of an additional chromosome 21. In the case of Down syndrome, physical and health disorders, intellectual disabilities, and neuron-psychological defects are undeniable. The purpose of this research is to investigate acoustically voice onset time (VOT) in stressed and unstressed positions in adults with Down syndrome. For this purpose, two minimal pairs (tɒbeʃ/tɒb-eʃ – tɒpeʃ/tɒp-eʃ) are considered. In this study, 18 research participants with Down syndrome (nine boys with mean of ages 28, and nine girls with mean of ages 30), were asked to pronounce tɒbeʃ/tɒb-eʃ and tɒpeʃ/tɒp-eʃ and repeat them four times. The participants' productions were recorded using a Shure microphone and analyzed by PRAAT (6.0.22) software. The results revealed that VOT mean of [b, p] in stressed syllable significantly differs from that in unstressed syllable in adults with Down syndrome.
The origins, function, and regulation of T follicular helper cells

The generation of high-affinity antibodies (Abs) plays a critical role in the neutralization and clearance of pathogens and subsequent host survival after natural infection with a variety of microorganisms. Most currently available vaccines rely on the induction of long-lived protective humoral immune responses by memory B cells and plasma cells, underscoring the importance of Abs in host protection. Ab responses against most antigens (Ags) require interactions between B cells and CD4+ T helper cells, and it is now well recognized that T follicular helper cells (Tfh) specialize in providing cognate help to B cells and are fundamentally required for the generation of T cell–dependent B cell responses. Perturbations in the development and/or function of Tfh cells can manifest as immunopathologies, such as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Unraveling the cellular and molecular requirements underlying Tfh cell formation and maintenance will help to identify molecules that could be targeted for the treatment of immunological diseases that are characterized by insufficient or excessive Ab responses.
CD40 activation‐induced, Fas‐dependent apoptosis and NF‐κB/AP‐1 signaling in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells

Fas‐mediated mechanisms of apoptosis are thought to be involved in the bile duct loss that characterizes diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We have previously shown that activation of CD40 on hepatocytes can amplify Fas‐mediated apoptosis; in the present study, we investigated interactions between CD40 and Fas in biliary epithelial cells (BEC). We report that the bile ducts in PBC liver tissue frequently express increased levels of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), and CD40 associated with apoptotic BEC. The portal mononuclear infiltrate contains CD40L+ve T cells and macrophages, thereby demonstrating a potential mechanism for CD40 engagement in vivo. Primary cultures of human BEC also expressed Fas, FasL, and CD40 but not CD40L protein or mRNA. Activation of CD40 on BEC using recombinant CD40L increased transcriptional expression of FasL and induced apoptosis, which was inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to either Fas or FasL. Thus, CD40‐induced apoptosis of BEC is mediated through Fas/FasL. We then investigated the intracellular signals and transcription factors activated in BEC and found that NF‐κB and AP‐1 were both activated after CD40 ligation. Increased functional NF‐κB was seen early after CD40 ligation, but returned to baseline levels after 4 h. In contrast, the rapid up‐regulation of AP‐1 was sustained over 24 h. This study provides further functional evidence of the ability of CD40 to induce Fas/FasL‐dependent apoptosis of liver epithelial cells supporting the importance of cross‐talk between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family members as an amplification step in apoptosis induction. Sustained activation of AP‐1 in the absence of NF‐κB signaling may be a critical factor in determining the outcome of CD40 engagement. —Afford, S. C. , Ahmed‐Choudhury, J., Randhawa, S. , Russell, C. , Youster, J., Crosby, H. A. , Eliopoulos, A. , Hubscher, S. G. , Young, L. S. , Adams, D. H. CD40 activation‐induced, Fas‐dependent apoptosis and NFkB/AP‐1 signaling in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. FASEB J. 15, 2345‐2354 (2001)
Subjective Perception of Time: Research Applied on Dynamic Psychology

The time marked by the clock hands, the so-called “objective time,” is deeply different from the one perceived by the individual. Starting from this hypothesis, directly connected to the subjective modality of “living” the time and defined as time perspective, we will try to understand how much it affects the various domains of people's lives, attitudes, and experiences. Therefore, the research investigates whether all our decisions can be influenced by one or more time perspectives beyond our awareness (i.e., by the process that allows us to organize our lived experiences in time categories). Last, but not least, we will try to understand if some time perspectives in specific contexts are more functional and adaptive than others.
Editing to Eulerian Graphs

The Eulerian Editing problem asks, given a graph G and an integer k, whether G can be modified into an Eulerian graph using at most k edge additions and edge deletions. We show that this problem is polynomial-time solvable for both undirected and directed graphs. We generalize these results for problems with degree parity constraints and degree balance constraints, respectively. We also consider the variants where vertex deletions are permitted. Combined with known results, this leads to full complexity classifications for both undirected and directed graphs and for every subset of the three graph operations. We prove that editing to Eulerian graphs is polynomial-time solvable.We prove the same result for directed graphs.We fully classify the complexity of two generalizations of this problem.We classify variants where vertex deletions are additionally permitted.
eviews and perspectives umber reading in pure alexia — A review

It is commonly assumed that number reading can be intact in patients with pure alexia, and that this dissociation between letter/word recognition and number reading strongly constrains theories of visual word processing. A truly selective deficit in letter/word processing would strongly support the hypothesis that there is a specialized system or area dedicated to the processing of written words. To date, however, there has not been a systematic review of studies investigating number reading in pure alexia and so the status of this assumed dissociation is unclear. We review the literature on pure alexia from 1892 to 2010, and find no well-documented classical dissociation between intact number reading and impaired letter identification in a patient with pure alexia. A few studies report strong dissociations, with number reading less impaired than letter reading, but when we apply rigorous statistical criteria to evaluate these dissociations, the difference in performance across domains is not statistically significant. There
Changes in the Relative Abundance and Movement of Insect Pollinators During the Flowering Cycle of Brassica rapa Crops: Implications for Gene Flow

Abstract The potential movement of transgenes from genetically modified crops to non-genetically modified crops via insect-mediated pollen dispersal has been highlighted as one of the areas of greatest concern in regards to genetically modified crops. Pollen movement depends sensitively on spatial and temporal variation in the movement of insect pollinators between crop fields. This study tested the degree of variation in the diversity and relative abundance of flower-visiting insects entering versus leaving pak choi, Brassica rapa var. chinensis L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), crops throughout different stages of the flowering cycle. The relative abundance of flower-visiting insects varied significantly with Brassica crop phenology. Greater numbers of flower-visiting insects were captured inside rather than outside the crop fields, with the highest capture rates of flower-visitors coinciding with the peak of flowering in both spring-flowering and summer-flowering crops. Moreover, the ratio of flower-visiting insects entering versus leaving crop fields also varied considerably with changing crop phenology. Despite high variation in relative capture rates, the data strongly indicate non-random patterns of variation in insect movement in relation to crop phenology, with early-season aggregation of flower-visiting insects entering and remaining in the crop, and then mass emigration of flower-visiting insects leaving the crop late in the flowering season. Although pollen movement late in the flowering cycle might contribute relatively little to total seed set (and hence crop production), the findings here suggest that extensive late-season pollinator redistribution in the landscape could contribute disproportionately to long-distance gene movement between crops.
Bivariate G distribution with arbitrary fading parameters

The correlated bivariate G distribution with arbitrary and not necessarily identical parameters is addressed in this paper. This compound distribution, which is a mixture of arbitrary correlated Rayleigh and inverse Gaussian random variables (RVs), is very convenient for modeling correlated fading shadowing channels. New closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative density function (CDF) and the joint moments are provided to statistically characterize the bivariate G distribution. Furthermore, simpler expressions are obtained when considering independent inverse-Gaussian shadowing. Capitalizing on these theoretical expressions for the statistical characteristics of the correlated G distribution, the performance analysis of various diversity reception techniques, such as selection diversity (SD) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) over bivariate G fading channels is presented.