7. A practical guide to implicit association tests and related tasks

numerical algorithm 1 model parameters. igy, 52, 1-9. coding and memory. 3)‘. 94, 90——IO-O. l, directionality, and Experimental Psychol. ffective and associa- al decision task-. Yes ts reveal evaluative Lxperzrnental Psycho]. iition. Z6, 456_469_ (3003). Age stereo- ien: Analyses of ac- ytgnce-priming task-_ . Automatic evalua- of masked affective ition and Emotion. zpeated masked cat- ed exemplars: New priming. Journal of . M€7T10Ty. and Cog- ). Response-bound ﬁg in the naming 74-384. /ho wants to be automatic adapta- nition, 22, 30.53, . ssessing the struc- sclf-defensive pm. task. Self and Iden- W. (2005). Masked Evidence for a cor- t self-esteem. jam. 3', 41, 654-663. 003). The “med. A general model J. Musch & K. C. tluations Affective PD. 5]—86). Mah- riming semantic? ilogy, 8, 113-161. ittitudes through Schwar: (Eds), 7-58). Next: York: ? - 5- (1997). Evi- rlicit level and its isures. Journal of 262-274. B. (2001). Evalu- n automatic ste- Experimentul So- CHAPTER 7 A Practical Guide to Implicit Association Tests and Related Tasks Sarah Teige—Mocigemba, Karl Christoph Klauer, and Jeffrey W. Sherman he story of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is one of an incredible boom. Eleven years after its ﬁrst publication. more than 450 articles have been published that either applied the method to the assessment of various “implicitq constructs (for 21 deﬁnition of the term implicit and its different uses, see De Houwer, 2006; De Houwer & Moors, 2007; De Houwer. Teige-Mocigemba, Spruyt, & Moors. 2009) or investigated the underlying processes and possible confounds of IAT effects. In the present chapter. we trace this story of the IAT by review- ing research on the IAT and related tasks. In par- ticular, we initially identify factors that contrib- uted to the explosion of IAT research. We then introduce the IAT methodology. review ﬁndings of its psychometric properties, and present process models that have been proposed to account for IAT effects. In the course of discussing research on contaminations oflAT effects, we ﬁnally intro- duce [AT-related tasks, most of which have been developed as possible solutions to IAT confounds. Other possible remedies for the respective con- founds are also presented. H7 ON A NEW APPROACH TO AN OLD PROBLEM Since researchers aim at assessing core psychologi- cal processes, they are faced with two key problems ofdirect measures (e.g., self-reports), namely intro- spective limits (e.g., Nisbett & V/ilson. 1977) and susceptibility to self-presentation or socially desir- able responding (e.g., Paulhus. 1984). The idea that there might be more about ourselves than we can tell or want to tell promoted the development of several indirect measures. Such measures were developed in the hope of obtaining diagnostic in- ferences about a person's dispositions without hav- ing to ask the person directly. This hope, however, was soon dampened as ﬁndings of unacceptable reliability and validity questioned the usefulness of early indirect measures such as projective tests (e.g., Lilienfeld, \X/ood, & Garb, 2000). With technological progress making it pos- sible to present stimuli and record response times with highly accurate computer-based methods, a new class of indirect measures emerged, namely response time nieasurcs (also termed “implicitq