Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poultry diseases in Iran: an epidemiological study on different causes of mortality in broilers

Understanding the distributions of poultry diseases will help planning for disease control and prevention more effectively. Studies on poultry diseases in Iran are scarce. We investigated the incidence of mortality in broiler chicken flocks in Iran as part of a national project. Specifically, documents from September 2004 to November 2005 related to the mortality of broilers that were covered by the national insurance scheme were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 439,188,406 broiler chickens that were covered by insurance services, 188,680,459 chickens were exposed to different diseases. The most common diseases (in descending order) were infectious bursal disease (IBD), infectious bronchitis (IB), chronic respiratory disease (CRD), colibacillosis and avian influenza (AI; subtype H9N2). The mean mortality rate in broilers was 7.89%. Mortality rates were higher during chicks between the third to sixth weeks of age. AI (H9N2) produced the highest mean mortality rate of 26.1%, followed by IB with a mean mortality rate of 22.1%. Most of the mortalities were recorded from the southern provinces of Iran. The distributions of diseases were differed in different regions which could be related to regional conditions and management parameters.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate safety for women and their infants during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Objectives: Pregnant/lactating women in some sub-Saharan Africa settings are at substantial risk of HIV acquisition and could benefit from preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), but safety data in pregnancy/lactation are limited. Design: Systematic data review through August 2016. Methods: We reviewed research reports/conference abstracts with maternal/child adverse outcome data in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant/lactating women receiving TDF alone or in combination with other drugs compared with non-TDF regimens. Results: In total, 26 articles in HIV-infected and seven in HIV-uninfected women were identified. No statistically significant differences were observed between TDF and comparison non-TDF regimens in pregnancy incidence, stillbirth/pregnancy loss, preterm delivery less than 37 weeks, low birth weight <2500/<1500 g, small for gestational age, birth defects, or infant (>14 days) or maternal mortality. One study reported significantly higher very preterm delivery (<34 weeks) and neonatal mortality with TDF versus non-TDF antiretroviral therapy (ART), but no significant difference between TDF ART and zidovudine/single-dose nevirapine. Most studies report normal infant linear growth; one study showed slightly lower, and one higher 1-year length-for-age z-score in TDF ART-exposed infants. No significant differences were reported in abnormal laboratory values or bone markers between TDF and non-TDF-exposed infants in four studies. Lower maternal bone mineral density was observed at 74 weeks postpartum in breastfeeding women on TDF ART compared with no ART in one study. Conclusion: Given available safety data, there does not appear to be a safety-related rationale for prohibiting PrEP during pregnancy/lactation or for discontinuing PrEP in HIV-uninfected women receiving PrEP who become pregnant and are at continuing risk of HIV acquisition.
It's just a matter of perspective(s): Crowd-Powered Consensus Organization of Corpora

We study the problem of organizing a collection of objects - images, videos - into clusters, using crowdsourcing. This problem is notoriously hard for computers to do automatically, and even with crowd workers, is challenging to orchestrate: (a) workers may cluster based on different latent hierarchies or perspectives; (b) workers may cluster at different granularities even when clustering using the same perspective; and (c) workers may only see a small portion of the objects when deciding how to cluster them (and therefore have limited understanding of the "big picture"). We develop cost-efficient, accurate algorithms for identifying the consensus organization (i.e., the organizing perspective most workers prefer to employ), and incorporate these algorithms into a cost-effective workflow for organizing a collection of objects, termed ORCHESTRA. We compare our algorithms with other algorithms for clustering, on a variety of real-world datasets, and demonstrate that ORCHESTRA organizes items better and at significantly lower costs.
The residual monomer content and mechanical properties of CAD\CAM resins used in the fabrication of complete dentures as compared to heat cured resins

Background The utilization of computer-assisted designing and computer-assisted milling CAD\CAM resins in the fabrication of removable prostheses is a modern-day concept that offers many advantages over the use of the traditional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Aim This study instigated some of the mechanical properties of CAD\CAM denture base resin including the amount of residual monomer. Methods This study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University from October 2016 to February 2017. A total of seventy rectangular specimens were fabricated (group A: 35 heat-cured PMMA and group B: 35 CAD/CAM pre-polymerized acrylic resin blocks). The flexural strength and surface hardness were tested while the residual monomer content at baseline, two-day and seven-day intervals was estimated using gas chromatography (GC). Means and standard deviations were determined for each group as well as independent-samples t-test and ANOVA with repeated measures for comparison between the groups and subgroups of varying time intervals. Results Heat cured PMMA (A), displayed higher flexural strength and low value flexural modulus compared to CAD/CAM acrylic resin denture base material (B). Student t-test indicated highly significant differences (p<0.001) of the flexural strength (t=37.911) and flexural modulus (t=88.559). The surface hardness of group (B) was significantly higher compared to group (A) as indicated by the t-test (t=20.430). Higher release of the monomer content was detected by GC in group (A) at different time intervals with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in residual monomer content. Conclusion CAD/CAM resin may be considered suitable for use in the construction of denture bases.
Potent cholesterol-lowering effect by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in rabbits. Possible implications of enhancement of macrophage functions and an increase in mRNA for VLDL receptor.

The mechanism by which granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) lowers plasma cholesterol levels is not well understood. We tested recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) on plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rabbits and attempted to determine the mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering effect. rhGM-CSF (20 micrograms.kg-1.d-1) was administered to normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits for 2 weeks and to Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits for 1 week. The administration of rhGM-CSF markedly lowered cholesterol and triglycerides, an effect that persisted in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits even after termination of treatment. The cholesterol-lowering effect of rhGM-CSF was also observed in WHHL rabbits. rhGM-CSF was capable of stimulating granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro in rabbits with an effect comparable to that in humans. Northern blot analysis with rabbit very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor cDNA revealed that rhGM-CSF increased the levels of VLDL receptor mRNA in muscle of rabbits after only 1.5 hours of treatment compared with control (2.6-fold), with the 1.5-fold increase following a 5-day administration. No changes in the levels of LDL receptor mRNA in liver, spleen, and bone marrow were observed in the treated rabbits. These findings suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of rhGM-CSF may be mediated by enhancement of macrophage functions in lipid metabolism and the increase in mRNA for VLDL receptor in rabbits.
Evidence for an Association of the Dopamine D5 Receptor Gene on Age at Onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within candidate genes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with the age at onset for ADHD. One hundred and forty‐three SNPs were genotyped across five candidate genes (DRD5, SLC6A3, HTR1B, SNAP25, DRD4) for ADHD in 229 families with at least one affected offspring. SNPs with the highest estimated power to detect an association with age at onset were selected for each candidate gene, using a power‐based screening procedure that does not compromise the nominal significance level. A time‐to‐onset analysis for family‐based samples was performed on these SNPs to determine if an association exists with age at onset for ADHD. Seven consecutive SNPs surrounding the D5 dopamine receptor gene (DRD5), were associated with the age at onset for ADHD; FDR adjusted q‐values ranged from 0.008 to 0.023. This analysis indicates that individuals with the risk genotype develop ADHD earlier than individuals with any other genotype. A haplotype analysis across the 6 significant SNPs that were in linkage disequilibrium with one another, CTCATA, was also found to be significant (p‐value = 0.02). We did not observe significant associations with age at onset for the other candidate loci tested. Although definitive conclusions await independent replication, these results suggest that a variant in DRD5 may affect age at onset for ADHD.
Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine in liver transplanted patients with diabetes mellitus

Adverse effects associated with calcineurin inhibitors may impact their clinical utility in some patients. This study characterizes the clinical outcomes of liver transplanted (LT) patients who experienced diabetes mellitus (DM) on tacrolimus‐based regimen and were converted to cyclosporine‐based therapy. Since January 2002, all patients with DM on a tacrolimus‐based regimen were recruited and converted to cyclosporine‐based therapy, after a 6‐month minimal follow‐up after LT. Clinical and laboratory data related to the clinical course of the patients were recorded. Twenty‐five patients were included after a median delay of 54 months after LT [seven women and 18 men, 51 years (range 30‐69)]. There were 11 patients with insulin‐treated DM (ITDM), 14 patients with noninsulin‐treated DM (NITDM), and the glycemic control was poor (HbA1c > 6.5%) in 13/25 patients (52%). After a median follow‐up of 20 months after conversion, there were four patients with ITDM, 17 patients with NITDM, and four patients without DM, and the glycemic control was poor in 3/25 patients (12%). Four patients returned to tacrolimus because of arterial hypertension or digestive side‐effects. In conclusion, our results suggest that conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine in stable LT patients with DM is well tolerated and beneficial on glycemic control. Liver Transpl 12:659–664, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Neoadjuvant therapy for high‐risk bulky regional melanoma

Clinically detectable regional lymph node melanoma metastasis (AJCC stage IIIB‐C) carries a risk of relapse and death that approaches 70% at 5 years. Surgical management is the cornerstone of therapy, with postoperative adjuvant therapy utilizing high‐dose interferon alfa‐2b (HDI). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy in addition to surgery has been demonstrated to improve outcome in the management of patients with a variety of solid tumors. In patients with melanoma, the characteristics of the host immune response differ between patients with earlier stage and those with more advanced stages of disease (and particularly between those with measurable active disease and those without measurable gross disease) providing rationale for neoadjuvant approaches with immunotherapy. Host immune tolerance is now understood to impede the results of therapy for advanced disease, but appears to be less an issue for patients with microscopic high‐risk operable disease, where the host may be more susceptible to immunologic interventions. Phase II studies have shown that neoadjuvant biochemotherapy has limited activity in melanoma patients with local‐regional metastases, where chemotherapy may potentially alter the effects of immunotherapeutic agents. Studies of neoadjuvant HDI therapy for high‐risk melanoma patients with bulky regional stage IIIB‐C lymphadenopathy have shown unexpectedly high clinical and pathologic response rates, without increased morbidity. Through the design of neoadjuvant trials utilizing promising emerging melanoma therapeutics in which it is possible to obtain biopsy samples before and after therapy, a greater understanding of the dynamic interaction between tumors and the immune system is possible. This should lead to the identification of new targets for the treatment of melanoma and aid the development of new immunotherapy that may have greater specificity and less toxicity. This will simplify the evaluation of promising new combinations of agents with HDI to build on the clinical, immunologic, and molecular effect of this therapy for patients with melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:386–390. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: dusty star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei in the Southern survey

We present a catalog of 191 extragalactic sources detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 148 GHz and/or 218 GHz in the 2008 Southern survey. Flux densities span 14 to 1700 mJy, and we use source spectral indices derived using ACT-only data to divide our sources into two subpopulations: 167 radio galaxies powered by central active galactic nuclei (AGN), and 24 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). We cross-identify 97% of our sources (166 of the AGN and 19 of the DSFGs) with those in currently available catalogs. When combined with flux densities from the Australian Telescope 2 0 GHz survey and follow-up observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the synchrotron-dominated population is seen to exhibit a steepening of the slope of the spec tral energy distribution from 20 to 148 GHz, with the trend continuing to 218 GHz. The ACT dust-dominated source population has a median spectral index, �148 218, of 3.7 +0.62 0.86 , and includes both local galaxies and sources with redshift around 6. Dusty sources with no counterpart in existing catalogs likely belong to a recently discovered subpopulation of DSFGs lensed by foreground galaxies or galaxy groups.
Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry

1. Introduction, key concepts Philippe Huguelet and Harold G. Koenig 2. Historical considerations Samuel B. Thielman 3. Theological perspective on the care for patients with psychiatric disorders Joel James Shuman 4. The Bible: relevant issues for clinicians Armando R. Favazza 5. Religion and spirituality and neuropsychiatry Nader Perroud 6. Religion and spirituality and psychosis Philippe Huguelet and Sylvia Mohr 7. Hallucinations and delusions with religious content Sylvia Mohr and Samuel Pfeifer 8. Religion and spirituality and mood disorders Arjan W. Braam 9. Religion and spirituality and substance abuse Alyssa A. Forcehimes and J. Scott Tonigan 10. Religion and spirituality and anxiety disorders Harold G. Koenig 11. Religion and spirituality and dissociative disorders Pierre-Yves Brandt and Laurence Borras 12. Self-identity and religion and spirituality Pierre-Yves Brandt and Sylvia Mohr 13. Personality disorders Ralph L. Piedmont 14. Liaison psychiatry Harold G. Koenig 15. Community psychiatry and religion Marcus M. McKinney 16. Religious and spiritual assessment in clinical practice Sylvia Mohr and Philippe Huguelet 17. Therapeutic issues Rene Hefti 18. Religion and spirituality and mental illness treatments Laurence Borras and Philippe Huguelet 19. Psychiatric treatments involving religion: Christian psychotherapy William P. Wilson 20. Psychiatric treatments involving religion: psychotherapy in an Islamic perspective Sasan Vasegh 21. Psychiatric treatments involving religion: psychiatric care with Buddhist principles Charles Knapp 22. Teaching religious and spiritual issues to residents in psychiatry and psychology Elisabeth S. Bowman 23. Conclusion - summary of what clinicians need to know Philippe Huguelet and Harold G. Koenig.
Spermophilus citellus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Abstract: Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized sciurid commonly called the European ground squirrel. The species inhabits grasslands in central and southeastern Europe on a range from short-grass steppes to meadow orchards, and from sea level to an elevation of 2,500 m. These squirrels live in colonies and construct burrows used for hibernation, reproduction, refuge, and resting. Due to serious declines in many portions of its range, the species is listed as “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is also protected by the Bern Convention (Appendix II), and the European Union Habitats and Species Directive (Annexes II and IV).
Neuroprotective Effects of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Premature Rat Brain following Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common ischemic brain injury in premature infants for which there is no effective treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether transplanted mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) have neuroprotective effects in a rat model of PVL. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was induced in 3-day-old rat pups by left carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to 6% oxygen for 2.5 h. Animals were assigned to OPC transplantation or sham control groups and injected with OPCs or PBS, respectively, and sacrificed up to 6 weeks later for immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the survival and differentiation of transplanted OPCs. Apoptosis was evaluated by double immunolabeling of brain sections for caspase-3 and neuronal nuclei (NeuN), while proliferation was assessed using a combination of anti-Nestin and -bromodeoxyuridine antibodies. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Bcl-2 was examined 7 days after OPC transplantation. The Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory. The results showed that transplanted OPCs survived and formed a myelin sheath, and stimulated BDNF and Bcl-2 expression and the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC), while inhibiting HI-induced neuronal apoptosis relative to control animals. Moreover, deficits in spatial learning and memory resulting from HI were improved by OPC transplantation. These results demonstrate an important neuroprotective role for OPCs that can potentially be exploited in cell-based therapeutic approaches to minimize HI-induced brain injury.
Myocardial Microvascular In fl ammatory Endothelial Activation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

METHODS We explored inflammatory endothelial activation and its effects on oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signalling in myocardial biopsies of HFpEF patients and validated our findings by comparing obese Zucker diabetic fatty/Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid (ZSF1)-HFpEF rats to ZSF1-Control (Ctrl) rats.
Deposited in DRO : 17 August 2015 Version of attached le : Published Version Peer-review status of attached le : Peer-reviewed Citation for published item

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Doxycycline Reduces Mortality and Injury to the Brain and Cochlea in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT Bacterial meningitis is characterized by an inflammatory reaction to the invading pathogens that can ultimately lead to sensorineural hearing loss, permanent brain injury, or death. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) are key mediators that promote inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and brain injury in bacterial meningitis. Doxycycline is a clinically used antibiotic with anti-inflammatory effects that lead to reduced cytokine release and the inhibition of MMPs. Here, doxycycline inhibited TACE with a 50% inhibitory dose of 74 μM in vitro and reduced the amount of tumor necrosis factor alpha released into the cerebrospinal fluid by 90% in vivo. In an infant rat model of pneumococcal meningitis, a single dose of doxycycline (30 mg/kg) given as adjuvant therapy in addition to ceftriaxone 18 h after infection significantly reduced the mortality, the blood-brain barrier disruption, and the extent of cortical brain injury. Adjuvant doxycycline (30 mg/kg given subcutaneously once daily for 4 days) also attenuated hearing loss, as assessed by auditory brainstem response audiometry, and neuronal death in the cochlear spiral ganglion at 3 weeks after infection. Thus, doxycycline, probably as a result of its anti-inflammatory properties, had broad beneficial effects in the brain and the cochlea and improved survival in this model of pneumococcal meningitis in infant rats.
Laparoscopic Suture Closure of Perforated Duodenal Peptic Ulcer

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of a continuous series of 30 patients with perforated duodenal peptic ulcers treated by a laparoscopic approach. Between January 1996 and December 1998, 30 patients (24 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 69.2 years were operated on with a laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic treatment included peritoneal lavage, suture of the perforation, and omental patching in 24 cases. A conversion to laparotomy was necessary in five patients (16.6%). Mean operative time was 92 minutes (range: 58–114) and mean hospital stay was 6 days (range: 4–16). Mortality and morbidity rates were 6.6% (n = 2) and 16.6% (n = 5). With a median follow-up of 12 months, 96% of the patients were in good condition; one patient had recurrent duodenal ulceration. The results of our study show the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach for perforated peptic ulcer repair, with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates.
Molecular Epidemiology of Adenovirus Isolates from Patients Diagnosed with Intussusception in Melbourne, Australia

ABSTRACT Twenty-one intussusception (IS)-associated and 59 temporally linked adenoviral isolates from clinical infections were compared. Species C (15/21 IS- and 32/59 non-IS-associated isolates) dominated. Of these, serotype 2 (AdV-2) (7/15 IS-associated isolates) and serotype 1 (AdV-1) (16/32 non-IS-associated isolates) were the most commonly identified serotypes. DNA restriction analysis of AdV-2 isolates identified six genomic types; of these, type D2 (3/7 IS- and 8/11 non-IS-associated isolates) was the dominant type after BamHI and SmaI digestion. IS-associated isolates are similar to circulating non-IS-associated strains.
The effects of a cognitive behavioral computer based program on depressed inpatients

OF THE DISSERTATION The Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Computer Based Program on Depressed Inpatients By Lisette Dorfman Dissertation Director: Marlene Rankin, PhD, APN, FPMHNP-BC Major depression is a serious medical illness affecting millions of American adults in a given year. Often anxiety as well as negative automatic thoughts co-occurs in individuals with depression. Although a significant problem, few have access to effective treatments for depression. One solution that has the potential to be disseminated on a large scale in a cost effective manner is a computerized cognitive behavioral therapy program. Cognitive Therapy: A Multimedia Learning Program (CTMP) is the first designed and tested multimedia program for computer assisted therapy (Wright &