Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Features of Polypoid Lesions of the Gallbladder and Risk Factors of Gallbladder Cancer

It is difficult to differentiate benign and malignancy in polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) by solely depending on imaging studies. Therefore clinicopathologic features of benign and malignant polyps are compared in an attempt to identify the risk factors of malignant polypoid lesions. The medical records of 291 patients who were confirmed to have PLG through cholecystectomy were reviewed and analyzed for age, sex, symptom, associated gallstone, morphology of PLG, size of PLG, number of PLG, and preoperative tumor markers. Benign PLG was found in 256 patients (88.0%) and malignant PLG in 35 patients (12.0%). Compared with benign group, the malignant group were older (61.1 yr vs. 47.1 yr, P<0.001), more often accompanied with symptoms (62.9% vs. 28.9%, P<0.001). Malignant PLG tended to be sessile (60.0% vs. 10.5%, P<0.001), larger (28.0 mm vs. 8.6 mm, P<0.001) and single lesion (65.7% vs. 44.1%, P<0.016). Age over 60 yr (P=0.021, odds ratio [OR], 8.16), sessile morphology (P<0.001, OR, 7.70), and size over 10 mm (P=0.009, OR, 8.87) were identified as risk factors for malignant PLG. Careful decision making on therapeutic plans should be made with consideration of malignancy for patients over 60 yr, with sessile morphology of PLG, and with PLG size of over 10 mm.
Identification of Permanent Faults for Three-phase Autoreclosing Using Inductance Parameter on Transmission Lines with Shunt Reactors

A novel method using mode component inductance parameter of shunt reactors is presented in order to identify temporary faults and permanent faults for three-phase adaptive reclosure on transmission lines with shunt reactors at both ends. The method uses π-type equivalent model as the prototype to build parameter identification formula. When some single phase-to-ground fault occurs, the parameter identification formula of zero-mode component is built; when some phase-to-phase fault occurs, the parameter identification formula of line-mode component is built. The current of the shunt reactor is given and the inductance of the shunt reactor is taken as the unknown parameter to evaluate the difference between the calculated inductance and the actual one so as to distinguish permanent fault from transient fault. The inductance difference of the temporary fault is minute because the actual fault model is consistent with the prototype. But the inductance difference of the permanent fault is distinct because the actual fault model is inconsistent with the prototype. Results of EMTP simulation show that the proposed method is reliable and effective, and can be applied to the three-phase adaptive reclosure on transmission lines with shunt reactors.
Research Paper No . 2006 / 105 Regional Inequality , Industry Agglomeration and Foreign Trade The Case of China

How do foreign trade and foreign direct investment affect regional inequality? Foreign trade and investment may affect internal economic geography, and the resulting industry agglomeration may contribute to regional inequality. This paper provides empirical evidence supporting this linkage. The results indicate that the increasing regional inequality in China has been accompanied by an increase in the degree of regional specialization and industry agglomeration. Foreign trade and foreign investment are closely related to industry agglomeration in China. Industries dependent on foreign trade and FDI are more likely to locate in regions with easy access to foreign markets, and exporting industries have a higher degree of agglomeration.
Ethnic Minorities with Diabetes Differ in Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Diabetes-Distress

Objective. To determine the association between ethnicity, diabetes-distress, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in adult outpatients with diabetes. Research Design and Methods. Diabetes-distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, PAID5), depressive and anxiety symptoms (Extended Kessler-10, EK10), and quality of life (Short-Form 12, SF12) were assessed in an ethnic diverse diabetes outpatient population of a teaching hospital in Amsterdam. Descent of one's parents and self-classified ethnicity were obtained to define ethnicity. HbA1c, clinical data, and socioeconomic status were derived from the medical charts. Based on established cut-offs for PAID5- and EK10-scores, emotional distress was dichotomized for the purpose of logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 1007 consecutive patients approached, 575 participated. Forty-nine percent were of non-Dutch ethnicity and 24.7% had type 1 diabetes. Diabetes-distress was reported by 12.5% of the native Dutch patients and by 22.0%, 34.5%, and 42.6% of the Surinamese, Turkish, and Moroccan patients, respectively. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 9.4% in native Dutch patients and 20.4%, 34.5%, and 27.3% in the other groups mentioned. Diabetes-distress and Moroccan origin were significantly associated (OR = 3.60, p < .01) as well as depressive symptoms and Turkish origin (OR = 4.23, p = .04). Conclusions. Different ethnic minorities with diabetes vary in their vulnerability for emotional distress, warranting clinical attention. Future research should elucidate explanatory factors and opportunities for tailored interventions.
Some Canonical Bifurcations in the Swift-Hohenberg Equation

We study the nature and stability of stationary solutions $u(x)$ of the fourth order Swift–Hohenberg equation on a bounded domain $(0,L)$ with boundary conditions $u=0$ and $u''=0$ at $x=0$ and $x=L$. It is well known that as L increases, the set of stationary solutions becomes increasingly complex. Numerical studies have exhibited two interesting types of structures in the bifurcation diagram for $(L,u)$. In this paper we demonstrate through a center manifold analysis how these structures arise naturally near certain bifurcation points, and that there are no others. We also analyze their stability properties.
Cognitive Problem Solving Patterns of Medical Students Correlate with Success in Diagnostic Case Solutions

Context Problem-solving in terms of clinical reasoning is regarded as a key competence of medical doctors. Little is known about the general cognitive actions underlying the strategies of problem-solving among medical students. In this study, a theory-based model was used and adapted in order to investigate the cognitive actions in which medical students are engaged when dealing with a case and how patterns of these actions are related to the correct solution. Methods Twenty-three medical students worked on three cases on clinical nephrology using the think-aloud method. The transcribed recordings were coded using a theory-based model consisting of eight different cognitive actions. The coded data was analysed using time sequences in a graphical representation software. Furthermore the relationship between the coded data and accuracy of diagnosis was investigated with inferential statistical methods. Results The observation of all main actions in a case elaboration, including evaluation, representation and integration, was considered a complete model and was found in the majority of cases (56%). This pattern significantly related to the accuracy of the case solution (φ = 0.55; p<.001). Extent of prior knowledge was neither related to the complete model nor to the correct solution. Conclusions The proposed model is suitable to empirically verify the cognitive actions of problem-solving of medical students. The cognitive actions evaluation, representation and integration are crucial for the complete model and therefore for the accuracy of the solution. The educational implication which may be drawn from this study is to foster students reasoning by focusing on higher level reasoning.
Prospective analysis of discordant results between biochemical markers and biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND The FibroTest and ActiTest are noninvasive biochemical markers of liver injury that are intended for use as alternatives to liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aims of this study were to assess the quality of biopsy and the prevalence of discordances between biopsy and markers, to identify factors associated with discordances, and to attribute these discordances to either markers or biopsy failure. METHODS Fibrosis stage and activity grade were prospectively assessed on the same day by a liver biopsy and by markers. On the basis of risk factors for failure and independent endpoints, discordance was classified as being attributable to biopsy or to markers. RESULTS Only 74 of 537 patients (14%) had a biopsy size > or =25 mm. Discordance was observed in 154 of 537 patients (29%), including 16% for fibrosis staging and 17% for activity grading. Steatosis, an inflammatory profile, and biopsy size were associated with discordance. Discordance was attributable to failure of markers in 13 patients (2.4%) and to biopsy failure in 97 (18%; P <0.001 vs Fibrotest and Actitest), and was nonattributable in 44 patients (8.2%). The most frequent failures attributable to markers were false negatives (1.3%) attributable to inflammation. The most frequent failures attributable to biopsy were false negatives of activity grading (10.1%) and of fibrosis staging (4.5%), both associated with smaller biopsy size and steatosis. False positives of fibrosis staging (3.5%) were associated with fragmented biopsies. CONCLUSION In this series, the size of liver biopsy is adequate in only a minor proportion (approximately 14%) of patients with chronic hepatitis C. When biopsy and marker results are discordant, a reason can be identified in more than two-thirds of cases and, in those cases, biopsy failure is >7 times more common than diagnostic failure of markers.
ANOMALOUS BUCKLING BEHAVIOUR OF TRUSS BEAMS

A thorough stability analysis of a simple but representativ e truss beam, modeled as a finite degree of freedom system, is carried out. Depending on the main dimens ions of the truss, different buckling modes are possible. One possible buckling mode is character ized by rigid body motion of the compressed member. It will be shown that this buckling mode i s not included in the spectrum of the linearized buckling eigenvalue problem. Also the postb uckling behavior is studied in detail.
A 40-million-year history of atmospheric CO2

The alkenone–pCO2 methodology has been used to reconstruct the partial pressure of ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) for the past 45 million years of Earth's history (Middle Eocene to Pleistocene epochs). The present long-term CO2 record is a composite of data from multiple ocean localities that express a wide range of oceanographic and algal growth conditions that potentially bias CO2 results. In this study, we present a pCO2 record spanning the past 40 million years from a single marine locality, Ocean Drilling Program Site 925 located in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The trends and absolute values of our new CO2 record site are broadly consistent with previously published multi-site alkenone–CO2 results. However, new pCO2 estimates for the Middle Miocene are notably higher than published records, with average pCO2 concentrations in the range of 400–500 ppm. Our results are generally consistent with recent pCO2 estimates based on boron isotope-pH data and stomatal index records, and suggest that CO2 levels were highest during a period of global warmth associated with the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (17–14 million years ago, Ma), followed by a decline in CO2 during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (approx. 14 Ma). Several relationships remain contrary to expectations. For example, benthic foraminiferal δ18O records suggest a period of deglaciation and/or high-latitude warming during the latest Oligocene (27–23 Ma) that, based on our results, occurred concurrently with a long-term decrease in CO2 levels. Additionally, a large positive δ18O excursion near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary (the Mi-1 event, approx. 23 Ma), assumed to represent a period of glacial advance and retreat on Antarctica, is difficult to explain by our CO2 record alone given what is known of Antarctic ice sheet history and the strong hysteresis of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet once it has grown to continental dimensions. We also demonstrate that in the Neogene with low CO2 levels, algal carbon concentrating mechanisms and spontaneous biocarbonate–CO2 conversions are likely to play a more important role in algal carbon fixation, which provides a potential bias to the alkenone–pCO2 method.
Gliotransmission and Brain Glucose Sensing

Hypothalamic glucose sensing is involved in the control of feeding behavior and peripheral glucose homeostasis, and glial cells are suggested to play an important role in this process. Diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) and its processing product the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), collectively named endozepines, are secreted by astroglia, and ODN is a potent anorexigenic factor. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of endozepines in brain glucose sensing. First, we showed that intracerebroventricular administration of glucose in rats increases DBI expression in hypothalamic glial-like tanycytes. We then demonstrated that glucose stimulates endozepine secretion from hypothalamic explants. Feeding experiments indicate that the anorexigenic effect of central administration of glucose was blunted by coinjection of an ODN antagonist. Conversely, the hyperphagic response elicited by central glucoprivation was suppressed by an ODN agonist. The anorexigenic effects of centrally injected glucose or ODN agonist were suppressed by blockade of the melanocortin-3/4 receptors, suggesting that glucose sensing involves endozepinergic control of the melanocortin pathway. Finally, we found that brain endozepines modulate blood glucose levels, suggesting their involvement in a feedback loop controlling whole-body glucose homeostasis. Collectively, these data indicate that endozepines are a critical relay in brain glucose sensing and potentially new targets in treatment of metabolic disorders.
NONLINEAR MATRIX MODELS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS

Nonlinear matrix difference equations are studied as models for the discrete time dynamics of a population whose individual members have been categorized into a finite number of classes. The equations are treated with sufficient generality so as to include virtually any type of structuring of the population (the sole constraint is that all newborns lie in the same class) and any types of nonlinearities which arise from the density dependence of fertility rates, survival rates and transition probabilities between classes. The existence and stability of equilibrium class distribution vectors are studied by means of bifurcation theory techniques using a single composite, biologically meaningful quantity as a bifurcation parameter, namely the inherent net reproductive rate T. It is shown that, just as in the case of linear matrix equations, a global continuum of positive equilibria exists which bifurcates as a function of T from the zero equilibrium state at and only at T =1. Furthermore the zero equilibrium loses stability as T is increased through 1. Unlike the linear case however, for which the bifurcation is "vertical" (i.e., equilibria exist only for T = 1), the nonlinear equation in general has positive equilibria for an interval of T values. Methods for studying the geometry of the continuum based upon the density dependence of the net reproductive rate at equilibrium are developed. With regard to stability, it is shown that in general the positive equilibria near the bifurcation point are stable if the bifurcation is to the right and unstable if it is to the left. Some further results and conjectures concerning stability are also given. The methods are illustrated by several examples involving nonlinear models of various types taken from the literature.
The probationary period as a screening device: competitive markets

Seminal papers about asymmetry of information in a competitive insurance market, and the monetary deductible as a screening device show that any existing equilibrium is of a separating type. High risks buy complete insurance whilst low risks buy partial insurance. Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) deal with insurance companies showing Nash behaviour, while Miyazaki (1977) and Spence (1978) consider firms with Wilson foresight. In this paper, we analyze the strength of the probationary period as a screening device. We show that in such a case a) under Nash behavior, low risks may prefer not to purchase any insurance at all in equilibrium and b)under Wilson foresight, a pooling equilibrium may exist.
Burnout entre profissionais de enfermagem em hospitais no Brasil

Introducao: A avaliacao da Sindrome de Burnout entre os profissionais de enfermagem torna-se fundamental pela sua influencia nos resultados para o paciente, profissional e instituicao. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrencia de Burnout entre os profissionais de enfermagem de tres hospitais publicos. Materiais e Metodos: Estudo transversal com 452 profissionais de enfermagem do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram usados uma ficha de caracterizacao pessoal e profissional e o Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (Human Services Survey). Resultados: A maior parte dos participantes apresentou niveis baixos de exaustao emocional (38,94%) e despersonalizacao (45,80%) e niveis moderados de realizacao pessoal (39,16%). As variaveis idade (p = 0,010), hospital (p < 0,001), tipo de vinculo (p < 0,001), tempo de experiencia no hospital (p = 0,010) e na unidade (p = 0,017) apresentaram relacao com a exaustao emocional. Sexo (p = 0,013) e tempo de experiencia no hospital (p =0,007) e na unidade (p = 0,020) foram relacionados a despersonalizacao. O sentimento de realizacao pessoal foi melhor entre os profissionais que trabalhavam no hospital certificado (p<0,001), no turno diurno (p = 0,049), possuiam vinculo estatutario (p<0,001) e eram mais velhos (p = 0,023). Discussao: A exaustao emocional tem sido caracterizada como central no desenvolvimento de Burnout entre profissionais de enfermagem e a despersonalizacao frequentemente acompanha o sentimento de exaustao emocional. A definicao exata da participacao de cada individuo no resultado final da assistencia e dificil de ser delimitada, podendo influenciar a percepcao dos profissionais quanto a realizacao pessoal no trabalho. Conclusoes: Caracteristicas pessoais e profissionais foram relacionadas ao Burnout entre profissionais de enfermagem. E importante desenvolver acoes capazes de minimizar a ocorrencia de Burnout entre os profissionais de enfermagem.Como citar este artigo: Dutra HS, Gomes PAL, Garcia RN, Oliveira HC, Freitas SC, Guirardello EB. Burnout entre profissionais de enfermagem em hospitais no Brasil. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e585. http://dx.doi. org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1. 585
Robust Filtering of Linear Systems With Time-Varying Delay

A robust delay-dependent filtering design is proposed for linear continuous systems with parameter uncertainty and time-varying delay. The resulting filter is of the general linear observer type and it guar- antees that the induced -norm of the system, relating the exogenous sig- nals to the estimation error, is less than a prescribed level for all possible parameters that reside in a given polytope. Our design is based on the ap- plication of the descriptor model transformation and Park's inequality for the bounding of cross terms and is expected to be the least conservative as compared to existing design methods. A numerical example indeed demon- strates this advantage of the new filtering scheme.
Predictors of extubation failure and reintubation in newborn infants subjected to mechanical ventilation

Objective To identify risk factors for extubation failure and reintubation in newborn infants subjected to mechanical ventilation and to establish whether ventilation parameters and blood gas analysis behave as predictors of those outcomes. Methods Prospective study conducted at a neonatal intensive care unit from May to November 2011. A total of 176 infants of both genders subjected to mechanical ventilation were assessed after extubation. Extubation failure was defined as the need to resume mechanical ventilation within less than 72 hours. Reintubation was defined as the need to reintubate the infants any time after the first 72 hours. Results Based on the univariate analysis, the variables gestational age <28 weeks, birth weight <1,000g and low Apgar scores were associated with extubation failure and reintubation. Based on the multivariate analysis, the variables length of mechanical ventilation (days), potential of hydrogen (pH) and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) remained associated with extubation failure, and the five-minute Apgar score and age at extubation were associated with reintubation. Conclusion Low five-minute Apgar scores, age at extubation, length of mechanical ventilation, acid-base disorders and hyperoxia exhibited associations with the investigated outcomes of extubation failure and reintubation.
A robust cross coding scheme for OFDM systems

In wireless OFDM-based systems, coding jointly over all the sub-carriers simultaneously performs better than coding separately per sub-carrier. However, the joint coding is not always optimal because its achievable channel capacity (i.e. the maximum data rate) is inversely proportional to the dynamic range of the channel. In this paper, we propose a novel cross coding scheme to increase the maximum data rate (i.e. the noise floor) achieved in frequency selective channels. The proposed OEC-II is based on fountain codes. The key element in OEC-II is to exchange the modulation order with the discarded subcarriers. In such case, the system can increase the noise floor by only taking care of the sub-carriers with high energy. By transmitting a fountain-encoded packet over a single sub-carrier, the packets can be discarded if they have encountered a low-energy channel. Fountain codes can recover the source data by only using the surviving packets. With the same effective transmission data rate (i.e. 10.8 Mbits/s), OEC-II with QAM-16 has a SNR gain of around 7 dB over the FEC layer from the IEEE 802.11a standard, around 8 dB over the FEC layer from the IEEE 802.11n standard, around 7 dB over OEC-II with QPSK and around 3 dB over OEC-II with QAM-64.
DRUG USE AND LIFESTYLE AT A NEBRASKA TWO-YEAR COLLEGE

This study records drug use and lifestyle among students at a Midwestern community college. The study provides the first set of data on the levels of drug use at this college and makes some comparisons to drug use levels found in other studies. Alcohol was found to have the highest percentage of student use, 84%, with 41% using at least weekly. Forty-nine percent of students reported using marijuana making it the second most popular drug. Weekly use of marijuana was reported by 11% of students. The levels of use for most drugs were similar to those reported at other colleges though some differences exist. Lifestyle parameters with some relation­ ship to the level of drug use include level of sexual activity and failure of a class. A more complex relationship, age and living situation, appears to influence the level of alcohol use. The positive correlation between increased drug use and in­ creased sexual activity found in other studies were found in this study as well.