Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Proteolytic Function of the Arabidopsis 26S Proteasome Is Required for Specifying Leaf Adaxial Identity[W][OA]

Polarity formation is central to leaf morphogenesis, and several key genes that function in adaxial-abaxial polarity establishment have been identified and characterized extensively. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana ASYMMERTIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 are important in promoting leaf adaxial fates. We obtained an as2 enhancer mutant, asymmetric leaves enhancer3 (ae3), which demonstrated pleiotropic plant phenotypes, including a defective adaxial identity in some leaves. The ae3 as2 double mutant displayed severely abaxialized leaves, which were accompanied by elevated levels of leaf abaxial promoting genes FILAMENTOUS FLOWER, YABBY3, KANADI1 (KAN1), and KAN2 and a reduced level of the adaxial promoting gene REVOLUTA. We identified AE3, which encodes a putative 26S proteasome subunit RPN8a. Furthermore, double mutant combinations of as2 with other 26S subunit mutations, including rpt2a, rpt4a, rpt5a, rpn1a, rpn9a, pad1, and pbe1, all displayed comparable phenotypes with those of ae3 as2, albeit with varying phenotypic severity. Since these mutated genes encode subunits that are located in different parts of the 26S proteasome, it is possible that the proteolytic function of the 26S holoenzyme is involved in leaf polarity formation. Together, our findings reveal that posttranslational regulation is essential in proper leaf patterning.
Climate Change and Highland Malaria: Fresh Air for a Hot Debate

In recent decades, malaria has become established in zones at the margin of its previous distribution, especially in the highlands of East Africa. Studies in this region have sparked a heated debate over the importance of climate change in the territorial expansion of malaria, where positions range from its neglect to the reification of correlations as causes. Here, we review studies supporting and rebutting the role of climatic change as a driving force for highland invasion by malaria. We assessed the conclusions from both sides of the argument and found that evidence for the role of climate in these dynamics is robust. However, we also argue that over-emphasizing the importance of climate is misleading for setting a research agenda, even one which attempts to understand climate change impacts on emerging malaria patterns. We review alternative drivers for the emergence of this disease and highlight the problems still calling for research if the multidimensional nature of malaria is to be adequately tackled. We also contextualize highland malaria as an ongoing evolutionary process. Finally, we present Schmalhausen's law, which explains the lack of resilience in stressed systems, as a biological principle that unifies the importance of climatic and other environmental factors in driving malaria patterns across different spatio-temporal scales.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Bacteriocin from Serratia marcescens

Bacteriocin JF246 has been purified from mitomycin C-induced Serratia marcescens cells by salt extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on QAE-Sephadex and SP-Sephadex. The purified material is homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 6 m urea. In the absence of these agents, the bacteriocin associates into aggregates which can be dissociated with 0.4 m NaCl. The bacteriocin is probably composed of a single subunit with a molecular weight of 64,000 daltons. Analytical studies show the bacteriocin to be essentially protein in nature containing less than one residue of glucose or phosphorus per 64,000 daltons.
Seasonal variations in monoterpene profiles and ecophysiological traits in Mediterranean pine species of group “halepensis”

Abstract: Foliar and cortical terpene profile, and needle gas exchange and water potential of P. halepensis, P. brutia and P. eldarica were compared over three consecutive seasons (1996-1998) in an experimental plantation nearby Firenze (Italy). Terpene percentages in mature tissue (cortex and needle) did not change in response to water stress during summer period and remained stable through seasons and years. Terpene profiles were not affected by seasonal drought, and are thus valuable to characterize Mediterranean pine species of the group “halepensis”. There was a threshold-type response of maximum daily gas exchange to decreasing predawn water potential in all pines. Net photosynthesis and needle conductance were linearly related, regardless of the species.
Advances in Targeting HER3 as an Anticancer Therapy

HER3 (ErbB3) is a unique member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (ErbB family). It functions only through dimerization with other members of the ErbB family and modulates activity and sensitivity to targeted cancer therapies. This paper briefly describes the mechanism of HER3 in signal transduction and its potential role in acquired resistance to EGFR- and HER2-targeted therapies. We also consider recent developments in HER3-targeting therapeutics and their combination with inhibitors of other ErbB members in clinical applications.
Graphical Models: Methods for Data Analysis and Mining

From the Publisher: The concept of modelling using graph theory has its origin in several scientific areas, notably statistics, physics, genetics, and engineering. The use of graphical models in applied statistics has increased considerably over recent years and the theory has been greatly developed and extended. This book provides a self-contained introduction to the learning of graphical models from data, and is the first to include detailed coverage of possibilistic networks - a relatively new reasoning tool that allows the user to infer results from problems with imprecise data. One major advantage of graphical modelling is that specialised techniques that have been developed in one field can be transferred into others easily. The methods described here are applied in a number of industries, including a recent quality testing programme at a major car manufacturer. Provides a self-contained introduction to learning relational, probabilistic and possibilistic networks from data Each concept is carefully explained and illustrated by examples Contains all necessary background, including modeling under uncertainty, decomposition of distributions, and graphical representation of decompositions Features applications of learning graphical models from data, and problems for further research Includes a comprehensive bibliography An essential reference for graduate students of graphical modelling, applied statistics, computer science and engineering, as well as researchers and practitioners who use graphical models in their work.
Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Chronic Low-Back Pain: An Update of a Cochrane Review

Study Design. Systematic review of interventions. Objective. To assess the effects of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for chronic low-back pain. Summary of Background Data. SMT is one of the many therapies for the treatment of low-back pain, which is a worldwide, extensively practiced intervention. Methods. Search methods. An experienced librarian searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in multiple databases up to June 2009. Selection criteria. RCTs that examined manipulation or mobilization in adults with chronic low-back pain were included. The primary outcomes were pain, functional status, and perceived recovery. Secondary outcomes were return-to-work and quality of life. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently conducted the study selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. GRADE was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results. We included 26 RCTs (total participants = 6070), 9 of which had a low risk of bias. Approximately two-thirds of the included studies (N = 18) were not evaluated in the previous review. There is a high-quality evidence that SMT has a small, significant, but not clinically relevant, short-term effect on pain relief (mean difference −4.16, 95% confidence interval −6.97 to −1.36) and functional status (standardized mean difference −0.22, 95% confidence interval −0.36 to −0.07) in comparison with other interventions. There is varying quality of evidence that SMT has a significant short-term effect on pain relief and functional status when added to another intervention. There is a very low-quality evidence that SMT is not more effective than inert interventions or sham SMT for short-term pain relief or functional status. Data were particularly sparse for recovery, return-to-work, quality of life, and costs of care. No serious complications were observed with SMT. Conclusions. High-quality evidence suggests that there is no clinically relevant difference between SMT and other interventions for reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic low-back pain. Determining cost-effectiveness of care has high priority.
OBFUSCATING C++ PROGRAMS VIA CONTROL FLOW FLATTENING

Protecting a software from unauthorized access is an ever de- manding task. Thus, in this paper, we focus on the protection of source code by means of obfuscation and discuss the adaptation of a control ∞ow transformation technique called control ∞ow ∞attening to the C++ lan- guage. In addition to the problems of adaptation and the solutions pro- posed for them, a formal algorithm of the technique is given as well. A prototype implementation of the algorithm presents that the complexity of a program can show an increase as high as 5-fold due to the obfuscation.
Interactive Feedforward for Improving Performance and Maintaining Intrinsic Motivation in VR Exergaming

Exergames commonly use low to moderate intensity exercise protocols. Their effectiveness in implementing high intensity protocols remains uncertain. We propose a method for improving performance while maintaining intrinsic motivation in high intensity VR exergaming. Our method is based on an interactive adaptation of the feedforward method: a psychophysical training technique achieving rapid improvement in performance by exposing participants to self models showing previously unachieved performance levels. We evaluated our method in a cycling-based exergame. Participants competed against (i) a self model which represented their previous speed; (ii) a self model representing their previous speed but increased resistance therefore requiring higher performance to keep up; or (iii) a virtual competitor at the same two levels of performance. We varied participants' awareness of these differences. Interactive feedforward led to improved performance while maintaining intrinsic motivation even when participants were aware of the interventions, and was superior to competing against a virtual competitor.
Analysis of bridge deformations using real-time BDS measurements

In this paper, we analysed the performance of real-time BDS monitoring system to determine the deformations and vibration of a cable-stayed bridge in Wuhan, China. Two experiments were carried out using reference stations at 2 km to the middle span of the bridge, and the monitoring points placed on the top of the tower, directly at the middle span of the bridge and at the bridge pier. Based on these sites, the precision of BDS deformation monitoring can be assessed and the structural vibration monitoring effect can also be analysed. The experiments demonstrate that, the precision of BDS-based deformation monitoring can be comparable with GPS, and the modal frequency of the bridge obtained by BDS vibration test is very close to the design value. The paper concludes that BDS is capable of providing high precision deflection and accurate modal frequency information in real-time bridge deformation monitoring.
Efficacy of lufenuron bait station technique to control mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata in Citrus Orchards in Northern Tunisia

Bachrouch, O. , Mediouni-Ben Jemâa, J., Alimi, E. , Skillman, S. , Kabadou, T. , and Kerber, E. 2008. Efficacy of the Lufenuron Bait Station Technique to Control Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata in Citrus Orchards in Northern Tunisia. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 3: 35-45. The effectiveness of the lufenuron bait stations as a component of an integrated pest management program (IPM) was tested in three citrus orchards in the North of Tunisia against the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata during the three years 2005, 2006, and 2007. The technique was based on the use of the insect growth regulator lufenuron transferred via a gel bait for adult flies to prevent the hatching of eggs laid in fruits and induce a subsequent population reduction. The evaluation of the effect of the treatments was based on the assessment of adult Medfly population reduction expressed by weekly recording of male captures in McPhail traps baited with the synthetic lure trimedlure and insecticide together with the evaluation of fruit damage. Results indicated that adult males Medfly captures showed reductions of 12.72% during 2005, 34.99% during 2006 and respectively 78.85%, 62.84% and 62.86% in fields 1, 2 and 3 during 2007 compared to standard chemical treatments. Fruit damage assessment showed generally significant differences between the two treatments in the reduction of the percentage of fruit punctures.
Iterative Technique for Content-Based Image Retrieval using Multiple SVM Ensembles

This paper applies Support Vector Machine (SVM) ensembles, based on the ”one-against-all” SVM multi-class approach, for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Given a database previously divided in N classes a first ensemble with N SVM machines is trained. Given a query image, this SVM ensemble is used to find the candidate classes for the query classification. Next, a new ensemble is constructed with ”oneagainst-all” strategy in order to improve the target search. The process stops when only one class is returned which completes the query classification stage. This class will be used in the final step for image similarity computation and retrieval. Before constructing the SVM ensembles we pre-process the images with the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for feature extraction. We present the accuracy of our approach for Corel and Ground Truth images databases and show that its average accuracy outperforms a related work.
2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education

Guidelines for use of wild mammal species in research are updated from Sikes et al. (2011). These guidelines cover current professional techniques and regulations involving the use of mammals in research and teaching; they also incorporate new resources, procedural summaries, and reporting requirements. Included are details on capturing, marking, housing, and humanely killing wild mammals. It is recommended that Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), regulatory agencies, and investigators use these guidelines as a resource for protocols involving wild mammals, whether studied in the field or in captivity. These guidelines were prepared and approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), in consultation with professional veterinarians experienced in wildlife research and IACUCs, whose collective expertise provides a broad and comprehensive understanding of the biology of nondomesticated mammals. The current version of these guidelines and any subsequent modifications are available online on the Animal Care and Use Committee page of the ASM website (http://mammalogy.org/uploads/committee_files/CurrentGuidelines.pdf). Additional resources pertaining to the use of wild animals in research are available at: http://www.mammalsociety. org/committees/animal-care-and-use#tab3.
“I Have Strong Hopes for the Future”: Time Orientations and Resilience Among Canadian Indigenous Youth

In this article, we demonstrate how concepts of time and the future inform processes of resilience among Indigenous adolescents within an urban Canadian context. This study employed a modified grounded theory methodology by conducting 38 qualitative interviews with 28 Indigenous youth (ages 15–25) over the course of 1 year. The analysis revealed complex processes of and navigations between moments of distress and strategies for resilience. The distressing contexts in which Indigenous youth often find themselves can impact the development of their concepts of time and limit their abilities to conceptualize a future. A future time orientation (FTO) emerged as central to processes of resilience and was supported by (a) nurturing a sense of belonging, (b) developing self-mastery, and (c) fostering cultural continuity.
Feel My Pain: Design and Evaluation of Painpad, a Tangible Device for Supporting Inpatient Self-Logging of Pain

Monitoring patients' pain is a critical issue for clinical caregivers, particularly among staff responsible for providing analgesic relief. However, collecting regularly scheduled pain readings from patients can be difficult and time-consuming for clinicians. In this paper we present Painpad, a tangible device that was developed to allow patients to engage in self-logging of their pain. We report findings from two hospital-based field studies in which Painpad was deployed to a total of 78 inpatients recovering from ambulatory surgery. We find that Painpad results in improved frequency and compliance with pain logging, and that self-logged scores may be more faithful to patients' experienced pain than corresponding scores reported to nurses. We also show that older adults may prefer tangible interfaces over tablet-based alternatives for reporting their pain, and we contribute design lessons for pain logging devices intended for use in hospital settings.
Hemolysis area: A new parameter of erythrocyte osmotic fragility for screening of thalassemia trait

Abstract BACKGROUND: One-tube osmotic fragility test (OFT) is widely used for screening thalassemia traits. Interobserver variation may occur with 0.36% NaCl-based OFT due to the naked eye result reading style. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish and evaluate the novel numerical OFT-based parameter, so-called hemolysis area (HA), in screening thalassemia traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The portable spectrophotometer was invented capable of calculating the HA values. The HA values were then compared among 69, 156, and 19 blood samples having positive, negative, and suspicious 0.36% NaCl-based OFT results, respectively; 109 and 135 blood samples having mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ≤80 fL and >80 fL, respectively; and 138 and 106 blood samples having mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) ≤27 pg and >27 pg, respectively. In addition, the HA values were compared in 166 blood samples having different globin gene genotypes. Finally, the HA cutoff value was determined by receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: The HA values in samples having positive, suspicious, and negative 0.36% NaCl-based OFT were 33.3 ± 14.4, 42.9 ± 10.5, and 65.3 ± 13.4, respectively; in sample having MCV ≤80 fL and >80 fL were 43.1 ± 19.6 and 63.8 ± 14.5, respectively; and in samples having MCH ≤27 pg and >27 pg were 46.7 ± 20.1 and 64.8 ± 14.2, respectively. The HA values in normal, hemoglobin E, SEA-a thalassemia 1, and β-thalassemia traits were 67.1 ± 12.6, 36.4 ± 13.9, 20.2 ± 4.8, and 18.6 ± 1.1, respectively. All were significantly different. ROC analysis established 52.4 as the HA cutoff that had comparable effectiveness to the conventional screening tests. CONCLUSION: The new HA value was effective and could be an alternative choice for screening thalassemia traits.
Bicarbonate and the renal regulation of acid base balance.

Under the usual circumstance of ingestion of an acid ash diet the normal individual is faced with a deficit of available base. Those stores of circulating bicarbonate which enter the glomerular filtrate along with other crystalloids of the plasma are carefully conserved; only minute amounts are lost in the urine. But when an alkaline ash diet is ingested or sodium bicarbonate is administered, supplies of available base exceed the needs of the body, and the excess is excreted in the urine as bicarbonate. Reabsorption and excretion of bicarbonate constitute, therefore, the primary renal means of defending the body against depletion and expansion of its alkali reserve. The quantitative importance of the reabsorptive processes in the economy of the human body can be illustrated by a simple calculation. Approximately 190 liters of plasma, containing on an average 25 milhmols of bicarbonate per liter, are filtered through the glomeruli in 24 hours (20). Thus, 4,750 millimols of bicarbonate, or 400 grams when expressed as the sodium salt, are tentatively excreted into the tubular urine each day, roughly 5 times the total body store of available base. A little over 2 millimols are excreted per day in 1.5 liters of urine of pH 6.0. Thus the reabsorptive mechanism is 99.95 per cent efficient under ordinary conditions. In contrast, the excretory processes are somewhat less impressive, although more than 100 grams of sodium bicarbonate have been ingested and excreted per day on certain therapeutic and experimental regimes. The present paper is concerned with two aspects of the renal regulation of acid base balance: 1, a quantitation of the relationship between the plasma concentration and the rates of tubular reabsorption and urinary excretion of bicarbonate; 2, an elucidation of the relationship between the mechanism for the reabsorption of bicarbonate and the mechanism for acidifying the urine. METHODS. Our experiments have been performed on normal female mongrel dogs trained to lie quietly with loose restraint on a comfortable animal board. The dogs were routinely fasted for 16 to 20 hours before use, and were well hydrated at the start of each experiment by the administration of approximately 40 cc. of water per kilo of body weight by stomach tube. In several experiments plasma bicarbonate was reduced by the oral administration of 200 to 300 cc. of 3 per cent ammonium chloride per day for several days prior to the experiment. In all experimentIs plasma bicarbonate was increased by the intravenous
The Lattice Parameter of Gamma Iron and Iron-Chromium Alloys

13 CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION . 14 CHAPTER TWO. LITERATURE REVIEW . 15 2.1 Lattice Parameter and Lattice Parameter Expansion of Pure Iron . 15 2.2 Lattice Parameter of α-Fe (ferrite) with Binary Additions of Transition Metals . 19 2.3 Lattice Parameter of γ-Fe (Austenite) in Literature . 26 CHAPTER THREE. THESIS OBJECTIVES . 29 CHAPTER FOUR. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE . 32 4.1 Experimental Equipment Introduction . 32 4.2 Determination of Temperature Offset . 33 4.3 High Temperature X-ray Experiment Procedure . 34 CHAPTER FIVE. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 36 III 5.1 Starting Material . 37 5.2 Adjustment of Sample Height . 40 5.3 Determination of Errors . 42 5.4 Lattice Parameter Determination of AHC 100.29 Powder at Room Temperature . 48 5.5 Temperature Offset Determination . 52 5.6 Variation of Lattice Parameter with Temperature . 55 5.6. 1 Measurements of AHC 100.29 Iron Powder at High Temperatures . 56 5.6. 2 Measurement of AMES Fe – Cr Powder at High Temperatures . 60 5.6. 3 Measurement of CrA Fe – Cr Powder at High Temperatures . 62 CHAPTER SIX. CONCLUSIONS . 70 CHAPTER SEVEN. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK . 73 APPENDIX 1: AHC 100.29 POWDER LATTICE PARAMETER DATA . 74 APPENDIX 2: AMES FE – 1CR POWDER LATTICE PARAMETER DATA . 76 APPENDIX 3: ASTALOY CRA FE–CR POWDER LATTICE PARAMETER DATA . 78 IV REFERENCES . 80