Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exercise on Coronary Blood Flow, Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Efficiency in Man

It has been known that exercise causes an increase in the coronary blood flow in animals. The present work has been carried out to study the effect of exercise on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption of the human heart in vivo. The results indicate that the heart responds to the increased load of exercise with a rise in coronary blood flow. Since the arteriovenous coronary oxygen difference shows little change, the increase in oxygen consumption of the heart muscle is primarily the result of an increased coronary blood flow. As the cardiac work rises more than the myocardial oxygen consumption, the left ventricular efficiency increases. The response of the failing heart muscle to acute increases in load produced by exercise does not differ from that of the normal heart or of the isolated heart.
Quality Assessment for Linked Open Data : A Survey A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework

The development and standardization of semantic web technologies has resulted in an unprecedented volume of data being published on the Web as Linking Open Data (LOD). However, we observe widely varying data quality ranging from extensively curated datasets to crowdsourced and extracted data of relatively low quality. Data quality is commonly conceived as fitness for use. In this article, we present the results of a systematic review of approaches for assessing the quality of LOD. We gather existing approaches and compare and group them under a common classification scheme. In particular, we unify and formalize commonly used terminologies across papers related to data quality and provide a comprehensive list of the dimensions and metrics. Additionally, we qualitatively analyze the approaches and tools using a set of attributes. The aim of this article is to provide researchers and data curators a comprehensive understanding of existing work, thereby encouraging further experimentation and development of new approaches focused toward s data quality, specifically for LOD.
Forgetting in Social Media: Understanding and Controlling Longitudinal Exposure of Socially Shared Data

On most online social media sites today, user-generated data remains accessible to allowed viewers unless and until the data owner changes her privacy preferences. In this paper, we present a large-scale measurement study focussed on understanding how users control the longitudinal exposure of their publicly shared data on social media sites. Our study, using data from Twitter, ﬁnds that a signiﬁcant fraction of users withdraw a surprisingly large percentage of old publicly shared data—more than 28% of six-year old public posts (tweets) on Twitter are not accessible today. The inaccessible tweets are either selectively deleted by users or withdrawn by users when they delete or make their accounts private. We also found a signiﬁcant problem with the current exposure control mechanisms – even when a user deletes her tweets or her account, the current mechanisms leave traces of residual activity, i.e., tweets from other users sent as replies to those deleted tweets or accounts still remain accessible. We show that using this residual information one can recover signiﬁcant information about the deleted tweets or even characteristics of the deleted accounts. To the best of our knowledge, we are the ﬁrst to study th information leakage resulting from residual activities of deleted tweets and accounts. Finally, we propose an exposure control mechanism that eliminates information leakage via residual activities, while still allowing meaningful social interactions with user posts. We discuss its merits and drawbacks compared to existing mechanisms.
Biomass diversity and stability of food webs in aquatic ecosystems

The diversity–stability hypothesis in ecology asserts that biodiversity begets stability of ecological systems. This hypothesis has been supported by field studies on primary producers in grasslands, in which the interaction between species is mostly competition. As to ecosystems with multitrophic predatory interaction, however, no definite consensus has been arrived at for the relation between trophic diversity and ecosystem stability. The stability index suitable to ecosystems with predatory interaction is given by MacArthur’s idea of stability and its formulation by Rutledge et al. More suitable indices of stability (relative conditional entropy) are proposed in this study for the comparison of different ecosystems, and the validity of the diversity–stability hypothesis for food webs (networks of predation) with many trophic compartments in natural aquatic ecosystems is examined. Results reveal that an increase in the biomass diversity of trophic compartments causes an increase in the whole systemic stability of food webs in aquatic ecosystems. Hence, evidence of the whole systemic validity of the diversity–stability hypothesis for natural aquatic ecosystems with ubiquitous multitrophic predatory interaction was obtained for the first time.
Surface mount plastic packages-an assessment of their thermal performance

Thermal characteristics of surface mount (SM) plastic packages such as small-outline integrated circuit (SOIC) packages, plastic leaded chip carriers (PLCCs), and fine pitch plastic leaded chip carriers (FPPLCCs) (also known as PQFP, i.e. plastic quad flat pack) used in IC packaging are described. Experimental data are reported on single-component packages in free-air, forced-air, and liquid-immersion cooling environments. Parameters of a model to help a system thermal designer to best utilize the single-component thermal data are discussed. The influence of both the package variables (such as leadframe design, chip size, and heat spreader) and user variables (such as printed-circuit-board material, package density, and cooling mode) on the thermal performance of these packages is assessed. Opportunities to enhance the thermal performance of SM plastic packages are identified and their prospects assessed. <<ETX>>
Effect of Strong Acids on Mechanical Properties of Glass/Polyester GRP Pipe at Normal and High Temperatures

Abstract The effects of hydrochloric acids (HCl), sulfuric acids (H2SO4), nitric acids (HNO3), and phosphoric acids (H3PO4) on the physical and mechanical properties of glass fiber/polyester composite pipes internally lined with C glass were investigated. Specimens cut from the pipes were immersed for various periods—30, 60, and 90 days in 20% acid concentration at room temperature and 100°C. The pipes consisted of 27% chopped glass fiber, 16% continuous filaments, 29% polyester resin, and 28% silica sand. Changes in weight, Charpy impact resistance, ultimate flexural strength, and hardness measured over a 3‐month period and the effects of the environment and liquid on these parameters were assessed. The hardness of the outside surface and the inside C glass‐lined surface were compared. Higher values of hardness were obtained on the C glass surface. The effects of acids on composite characteristics were studied using x‐ray diffraction test.
Shedding Light on Protein Folding, Structural and Functional Dynamics by Single Molecule Studies

The advent of advanced single molecule measurements unveiled a great wealth of dynamic information revolutionizing our understanding of protein dynamics and behavior in ways unattainable by conventional bulk assays. Equipped with the ability to record distribution of behaviors rather than the mean property of a population, single molecule measurements offer observation and quantification of the abundance, lifetime and function of multiple protein states. They also permit the direct observation of the transient and rarely populated intermediates in the energy landscape that are typically averaged out in non-synchronized ensemble measurements. Single molecule studies have thus provided novel insights about how the dynamic sampling of the free energy landscape dictates all aspects of protein behavior; from its folding to function. Here we will survey some of the state of the art contributions in deciphering mechanisms that underlie protein folding, structural and functional dynamics by single molecule fluorescence microscopy techniques. We will discuss a few selected examples highlighting the power of the emerging techniques and finally discuss the future improvements and directions.
Disperser graphs, deterministic amplification, and imperfect random sources (גרפים מפזרים, הגברה דטרמיניסטית ומקורות אקראים חלשים.)

We use a certain type of expanding bipartite graphs, called disperser graphs, to design procedures for sampling a finite number of elements from a finite set, with the property that the probability of hitting any sufficiently large subset is high. The advantages of these procedures are: 1. They require a relatively small number of random bits. 2. They are robust with respect to the quality of the random bits used in the sampling. Using these sampling procedures to sample random inputs of polynomial time probabilistic algorithms, we can simulate the performance of some probabilistic algorithms with less random bits or with low quality random bits. We obtain the following results: 1. The error probability of an RP or BPP algorithm that operates with a constant error bound and requires n random bits, can be made exponentially small (i.e. 2−n), with only (3 + )n random bits, as opposed to standard amplification techniques that require Ω(n) random bits for the same task. This result is nearly optimal, since the information theoretic lower bound on the number of bits required for such an amplification is 2n. 2. It is shown that the output of any random source whose Renyi entropy rate exceeds 1 2 ( 4 ), can be used to simulate RP (BPP) algorithms. This is far from the information theoretic lower bound which is mμ−1, where m is the number of bits and 0 < μ < 1 is any constant. We show that the lower bound can be achieved for a specific class of random sources called oblivious bit fixing sources.
Testing Reliability and Validity of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) for Older Adults Recruited Online

Currently, vast amounts of health information and health management tools are available to the public online. To maximize the benefits of these e-health technologies, it is important to assess the e-health literacy of individuals. The eHealth Literacy Scale has been used widely in the past several years, but mainly in younger populations. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric aspects of the eHealth Literacy Scale for older adults using a secondary data analysis (N = 866; mean age, 62.8 ± 8.5 years). Reliability of the eHealth Literacy Scale was examined by calculating &agr; coefficients and conducting test-retest procedures. Its validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and the hypothesis testing procedure. Findings demonstrated that eHealth Literacy Scale was internally consistent (&agr; = .94) and stable (t244 = −1.48, P = .140). The exploratory factor analysis yielded a single factor structure explaining 67.3% of the variance. The hypothesis testing also supported the validity of eHealth Literacy Scale. In recent years, there have been great efforts to use e-health interventions to engage patients in healthcare and to help them manage their own health. Our study suggests that the eHealth Literacy Scale, a short screening tool for e-health literacy, can be successfully used for older adults.
Ictus emeticus

We report 31 episodes of ictal vomiting in nine patients, documented by simultaneous video and EEG recordings. In four patients, chronically implanted subdural electrode arrays recorded the event. Only one patient showed "projectile" vomiting. Amnesia for the episode occurred in eight of the nine patients. Interictal epileptiform abnormalities were maxmal in the right temporal region in seven patients and bitemporal in two. Ictal epileptiform abnormalities were lateralized to the right hemisphere and involved temporal lobe structures in all patients. Three of four patients recorded with subdural electrode arrays were seizure-free following right temporal lobectomy, and the fourth continues to have ictus emeticus at a reduced rate. The consistent right hemisphere lateralization of seizures in this series corroborates with earlier reports documenting right-sided lateralization in four of five previous cases. Two features that help delineate paroxysmal vomiting as an ictal event are (1) patient unawareness of vomiting and (2) its association with other ictal phenomena.
Molecular dissection of the genetic mechanisms that underlie expression conservation in orthologous yeast ribosomal promoters

Recent studies have shown a surprising phenomenon, whereby orthologous regulatory regions from different species drive similar expression levels despite being highly diverged in sequence. Here, we investigated this phenomenon by genomically integrating hundreds of ribosomal protein (RP) promoters from nine different yeast species into S. cerevisiae and accurately measuring their activity. We found that orthologous RP promoters have extreme expression conservation even across evolutionarily distinct yeast species. Notably, our measurements reveal two distinct mechanisms that underlie this conservation and which act in different regions of the promoter. In the core promoter region, we found compensatory changes, whereby effects of sequence variations in one part of the core promoter were reversed by variations in another part. In contrast, we observed robustness in Rap1 transcription factor binding sites, whereby significant sequence variations had little effect on promoter activity. Finally, cases in which orthologous promoter activities were not conserved could largely be explained by the sequence variation within the core promoter. Together, our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which expression is conserved throughout evolution across diverged promoter sequences.
The Aurora A and B kinases are up-regulated in bone marrow-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and represent potential therapeutic targets

Background The malignant B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia receive signals from the bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments which regulate their survival and proliferation. Characterization of these signals and the pathways that propagate them to the interior of the cell is important for the identification of novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Design and Methods We compared the gene expression profiles of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells purified from bone marrow and peripheral blood to identify genes that are induced by the bone marrow microenvironment. Two of the differentially expressed genes were further studied in cell culture experiments and in an animal model to determine whether they could represent appropriate therapeutic targets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Results Functional classification analysis revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes belong to gene ontology categories related to cell cycle and mitosis. Significantly up-regulated genes in bone marrow-derived tumor cells included important cell cycle regulators, such as Aurora A and B, survivin and CDK6. Down-regulation of Aurora A and B by RNA interference inhibited proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia-derived cell lines and induced low levels of apoptosis. A similar effect was observed with the Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that were induced to proliferate by CpG-oligonucleotides and interleukin-2. Moreover, VX-680 significantly blocked leukemia growth in a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusions Aurora A and B are up-regulated in proliferating chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and represent potential therapeutic targets in this disease.
[Anxiety and depression levels in medical inpatients and their relation to the severity of illness].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Anxiety and depression are common among medical inpatients. While their relation to the severity of illness is often discussed, the feeling of such severity by the patient and his/her prospects of improvement can be influenced by anxiety and depression. PATIENTS AND METHOD Patients admitted in an internal medicine ward. Sociodemographic characteristics, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), APACHE II, illness severity and reversibility self-evaluation were recorded. The HAD cut-off for anxiety or depression was 10. RESULTS We included 260 admissions: 66.2% men, mean age 64.1 years. Anxiety was detected in 39.8% of women and 21.5% of men (p = 0.003); 31.8% of women and 16.3% of men had depression (p = 0.006). Anxious and depressive subjects did not score high in APACHE. Anxious patients had a worse knowledge of the medical diagnosis. Depressive patients were older, had a lower educational level and a greater physical impairment. Patients with a higher perception of severity displayed higher scores both on anxiety and depression scales. Patients with lower illness reversibility self-evaluation had more anxiety and depression, and more illness severity as well. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anxiety and depression in hospitalized medical patients is high, occurs mainly in women, and no relation to illness severity is observed. Anxiety and depression are associated with both illness perception of greater severity and less improvement.
Analysis of defects in carcass of rubber–textile conveyor belts using metrotomography

Rubber–textile construction of conveyor belts is widely used in various continuous transport systems. Due to the fact that complex carcass is vulcanised, its observation and analysis are very difficult to perform. The methods used so far have been based on its violent extracting, often accompanied with the formation and existence of defects. Such an analysis does not allow distinguishing between defects caused by operation of the belt or defects caused by the process of extracting itself. This paper aims to verify a new approach to examining the inner carcass of rubber–textile conveyor belts with a focus on the possibility to obtain information about its condition. This has not been possible with the methods used so far. The main focus is on the measurement of distance between the individual fibres in the warp and weft of the carcass, and simple size analysis of the identified defects. Presented results prove that the method of industrial tomography clearly identifies the defects in the conveyor belt carcass. The method enables the identification of single fibres, punctures and separation of individual layers.
Hospital Effluents Are One of Several Sources of Metal, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Bacterial Markers Disseminated in Sub-Saharan Urban Rivers

Data concerning the occurrence of emerging biological contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in aquatic environments in Sub-Saharan African countries is limited. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance remains a worldwide problem which may pose serious potential risks to human and animal health. Consequently, there is a growing number of reports concerning the prevalence and dissemination of these contaminants into various environmental compartments. Sediments provide the opportunity to reconstruct the pollution history and evaluate impacts so this study investigates the abundance and distribution of toxic metals, FIB, and ARGs released from hospital effluent wastewaters and their presence in river sediments receiving systems. ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and aadA), total bacterial load, and selected bacterial species FIB [Escherichia coli, Enterococcus (ENT)] and species (Psd) were quantified by targeting species specific genes using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in total DNA extracted from the sediments recovered from 4 hospital outlet pipes (HOP) and their river receiving systems in the City of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The results highlight the great concentration of toxic metals in HOP, reaching the values (in mg kg−1) of 47.9 (Cr), 213.6 (Cu), 1434.4 (Zn), 2.6 (Cd), 281.5 (Pb), and 13.6 (Hg). The results also highlight the highest (P < 0.05) values of 16S rRNA, FIB, and ARGs copy numbers in all sampling sites including upstream (control site), discharge point, and downstream of receiving rivers, indicating that the hospital effluent water is not an exclusive source of the biological contaminants entering the urban rivers. Significant correlation were observed between (i) all analyzed ARGs and total bacterial load (16S rRNA) 0.51 to 0.72 (p < 0.001, n = 65); (ii) ARGs (except blaTEM) and FIB and Psd 0.57 < r < 0.82 (p < 0.001, n = 65); and (iii) ARGs (except blaTEM) and toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) 0.44 to 0.72, (p < 0.001, n = 65). These findings demonstrate that several sources including hospital and urban wastewaters contribute to the spread of toxic metals and biological emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Regulation of Protein Metabolism in Exercise and Recovery Essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise muscle protein synthesis

Fujita S, Dreyer HC, Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 106: 1730–1739, 2009. First published June 5, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90395. 2008. —Ingestion of an essential amino acid-carbohydrate (EAA CHO) solution following resistance exercise enhances muscle protein synthesis during postexercise recovery. It is unclear whether EAA CHO ingestion before resistance exercise can improve direct measures of postexercise muscle protein synthesis (fractional synthetic rate; FSR). We hypothesized that EAA CHO ingestion before a bout of resistance exercise would prevent the exercise-induced decrease in muscle FSR and would result in an enhanced rate of muscle FSR during postexercise recovery. We studied 22 young healthy subjects before, during, and for 2 h following a bout of high-intensity leg resistance exercise. The fasting control group (n 11) did not ingest nutrients, and the EAA CHO group (n 11) ingested a solution of EAA CHO 1 h before beginning the exercise bout. Stable isotopic methods were used in combination with muscle biopsies to determine FSR. Immunoblotting procedures were utilized to assess cell signaling proteins associated with the regulation of FSR. We found that muscle FSR increased in the EAA CHO group immediately following EAA CHO ingestion (P 0.05), returned to basal values during exercise, and remained unchanged at 1 h postexercise. Muscle FSR decreased in the fasting group during exercise and increased at 1 h postexercise (P 0.05). However, the 2 h postexercise FSR increased by 50% in both groups with no differences between groups (P 0.05). Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 phosphorylation was reduced in both groups at 2 h postexercise (EAA CHO: 39 7%; fasting: 47 9%; P 0.05). We conclude that EAA CHO ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise FSR compared with exercise without nutrients.