Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BLADE-OVER-ROLL COATING FORMING FLOWS

Numerical simulations have been carried out via the finite element method (FEM) for the forming flow of coating using a system of blade and roll. The flow domain encompasses both the coating fluid reservoir and the doctor-blade region with free surface and is fully two-dimensional. The materials of this study are Newtonian and shear-thinning polymer solutions used previously in an experimental and theoretical investigation. The pseudoplasticity of the polymeric liquids is modelled by the Carreau model, which fits well experimental data for the shear viscosities. For different roll speeds, the entire flow domain is analyzed, and the extent and shape of recirculating zones are found. Large vortices appear in the reservoir, and their intensity is computed under different operating conditions and blade geometries. The computed free surface profiles and coating thicknesses are in close agreement with the experimental ones. Shear thinning increases the coating thickness for a given geometry, as was also found experimentally, when compared with the Newtonian values. This increase is valid up to power-law index n > 0.3, while extreme shear-thinning (power-law index n 0. The simulations also provide a wealth of information regarding stresses and pressures and show that some geometries are better than others in coating operations. The flow geometry provides an interesting case for simulation and design, due to a combination of fluid mechanics and shear-thinning phenomena that take place in this flow field.
Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Cancer

The principle goal of hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostatic cancer, as Huggins suggested in 1941, is the suppression of androgenic stimuli. Consequently, the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer has consisted of orchiectomy, estrogen administration, antiandrogen therapy, adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy, or a combination of some of these. Although the three VACURG studies are subject to several valid criticisms, they provide the best available information to date. In summary, these studies report 1) patients with low stage disease who are treated with estrogen (diethylstilbestrol 5 mg/day) have a higher death rate, mainly cardiovascular, than men not receiving estrogen and 2) in patients with high stage disease, delayed hormonal therapy is as effective as early hormonal therapy. Castration appears to be as effective as treatment with estrogens or a combination of the two and does not evoke the untoward side‐effects of estrogen administration. Although subjective improvement has been observed following adrenal or pituitary ablation, the duration of response is usually short, and consequently these procedures are used infrequently now. Experience with the use of antiandrogens is even more limited. Efforts must continue to develop means of predicting hormonal responsiveness. If receptor measurements prove to be an accurate means for predicting the hormonal responsiveness of prostatic cancer, as they have in breast cancer, then our current plan of treatment will need modification. In those men who are unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy, early chemotherapy should be instituted.
Intra-Accumbens Baclofen, But Not Muscimol, Increases Second Order Instrumental Responding for Food Reward in Rats

Stimulation of either GABAA or GABAB receptors within the nucleus accumbens shell strongly enhances food intake in rats. However the effects of subtype-selective stimulation of GABA receptors on instrumental responses for food reward are less well characterized. Here we contrast the effects of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on instrumental responding for food using a second order reinforcement schedule. Bilateral intra-accumbens administration of baclofen (220–440 pmol) stimulated responding but a higher dose (660 pmol) induced stereotyped oral behaviour that interfered with responding. Baclofen (220–660 pmol) also stimulated intake of freely available chow. Muscimol (220–660 pmol) was without effect on responding for food on this schedule but did stimulate intake of freely available chow. Unilateral administration of either baclofen or muscimol (220 pmol) induced similar patterns of c-fos immunoreactivity in several hypothalamic sites but differed in its induction in the central nucleus of the amygdala. We conclude that stimulation of GABAA or GABAB receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell of rats produces clearly distinguishable effects on operant responding for food.
Distinct neuropsychological subgroups in typically developing youth inform heterogeneity in children with ADHD

Research and clinical investigations in psychiatry largely rely on the de facto assumption that the diagnostic categories identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) represent homogeneous syndromes. However, the mechanistic heterogeneity that potentially underlies the existing classification scheme might limit discovery of etiology for most developmental psychiatric disorders. Another, perhaps less palpable, reality may also be interfering with progress—heterogeneity in typically developing populations. In this report we attempt to clarify neuropsychological heterogeneity in a large dataset of typically developing youth and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using graph theory and community detection. We sought to determine whether data-driven neuropsychological subtypes could be discerned in children with and without the disorder. Because individual classification is the sine qua non for eventual clinical translation, we also apply support vector machine-based multivariate pattern analysis to identify how well ADHD status in individual children can be identified as defined by the community detection delineated subtypes. The analysis yielded several unique, but similar subtypes across both populations. Just as importantly, comparing typically developing children with ADHD children within each of these distinct subgroups increased diagnostic accuracy. Two important principles were identified that have the potential to advance our understanding of typical development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. The first tenet suggests that typically developing children can be classified into distinct neuropsychological subgroups with high precision. The second tenet proposes that some of the heterogeneity in individuals with ADHD might be “nested” in this normal variation.
Variation of stomatal traits from cold-temperate to tropical forests and association with water use efficiency

1.Stomata control carbon and water vapor exchange between leaves and the atmosphere, thus it can influence water use efficiency and reflect plant adaptation to climate. However, the spatial patterns of leaf stomatal traits and relationships between stomatal trait and water use efficiency across natural communities remain unclear. 2.We measured stomatal density, stomatal size, and stomatal area fraction for 737 plant species from nine forests ranging from tropical to cold-temperate forests. 3.Stomatal density, stomatal size, and stomatal area fraction were all log-normally distributed, and different across species, plant functional groups (trees, shrubs, and herbs), and communities. At the regional scale, variation in stomatal traits was primarily related to species, followed by climate and soil types. 4.The community-weighted mean of stomatal size increased linearly with latitude, whereas those of stomatal density and stomatal area fraction showed humpbacked relationship. The community-weighted mean of stomatal area fraction was correlated with climatic aridity, consistent with the adaptation strategies of plant species to achieve high maximum rates of gas exchange in arid regions when water is available. Further, community-weighted mean of stomatal area fraction was positively correlated with water use efficiency in natural forest communities, indicating that plants have lower stomatal conductance in order to adapt greater aridity conditions. 5.These findings highlight the strong associations of stomatal traits with plant functional group and climate at a regional scale, representing the adaptation strategies of stomatal traits across natural forest communities to climate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Dietary silicon intake and absorption.

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that silicon is important in bone formation. The main source of silicon for humans is the diet, but the bioavailability of silicon from solid foods is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We estimated the dietary intake of silicon by adults, separately for men and women and for different age groups. Foods that were major contributors to silicon intake were identified. We then estimated the gastrointestinal uptake of silicon from major food sources and studied how uptake correlated with the silicon contents of the foods. DESIGN Silicon intakes were determined in cohorts from the original Framingham Study and the Framingham Offspring Study by using a 126-item food-frequency questionnaire. Gastrointestinal uptake of silicon from foods was estimated in 3-8 healthy subjects by using urinary silicon excretion as a surrogate measure of silicon uptake. RESULTS Mean silicon intakes in men (30 and 33 mg/d in the original Framingham and Framingham Offspring cohorts, respectively) were significantly higher than those in women (24 and 25 mg/d in the 2 cohorts, respectively; P = 0.0001). Silicon intake decreased with age (P < 0.001, adjusted for sex). The major food sources were beer and bananas in men and bananas and string beans in women. Silicon was readily available from foods; a mean of 41% of the ingested silicon was excreted in urine. The silicon content of the foods consumed was significantly correlated with urinary silicon excretion (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Solid foods are a major source of available silicon. The association between dietary silicon intake and bone health should now be investigated.
Gelation of aqueous gelatin solutions. II. Rheology of the sol-gel transition

We have studied the rheological behaviour of aqueous gelatin solutions during the gelation process at several temperatures. The linear viscoelastic regim was investigated by dynamical measurements in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 1.5 Hz, using a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The relation between the shear moduli and the helix amount at several temperatures puts into evidence that this structural parameter pilots the gelation process. Analysing the rheological data, we propose a method of deriving the gel point, which could be used for other systems. Finally we show that gelatin gelation can be interpreted within the framework proposed by de Gennes and Stauffer of the percolation theory. The exponents for the static viscosity and the relaxed shear modulus are in agreement with the 3d predictions.
Iron absorption by healthy women is not associated with either serum or urinary prohepcidin.

BACKGROUND Although hepcidin is proposed as a regulator of iron absorption, this has not been assessed in humans. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relation between serum or urinary prohepcidin and iron absorption in healthy premenopausal women. DESIGN The subjects were 28 healthy women aged 22-51 y with normal hemoglobin concentrations (120-152 g/L). Absorption of 0.5 mg Fe with 0.2 microCi 59Fe tracer, both as FeSO4, was measured by whole-body scintillation counting 13 d after oral administration. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected the day of and 16 wk after the absorption measurement. Serum and urinary prohepcidin concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using an antibody against amino acid residues 28-47 of the proregion. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) iron absorption was 36 +/- 19% (range: 4-81%), and serum ferritin (geometric x) was 27 microg/L (range: 4-122 microg/L), as commonly observed in healthy premenopausal women. Serum prohepcidin was 196 microg/L (range: 99-376 microg/L) and, in contrast with urinary prohepcidin, was relatively consistent for the women between 0 and 16 wk. Serum prohepcidin correlated directly with serum ferritin (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.01) but was unrelated to 59Fe absorption, in contrast to serum ferritin (R2 = 0.33, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum prohepcidin concentrations were relatively stable within subjects and correlated with serum ferritin. However, unlike serum ferritin, neither serum nor urinary prohepcidin concentrations were related to iron absorption in healthy women.
A General Framework for Constraint Minimization for the Inversion of Electromagnetic Measurements

In this paper, we developed a general framework for the inversion of electromagnetic measurements in cases where parametrization of the unknown configuration is possible. Due to the ill-posed nature of this nonlinear inverse scattering problem, this parametrization approach is needed when the available measurement data are limited and measurements are only carried out from limited transmitter-receiver positions (limited data diversity). By carrying out this parametrization, the number of unknown model parameters that need to be inverted is manageable. Hence the Newton based approach can advantageously be used over gradient-based approaches. In order to guarantee an error reduction of the optimization process, the iterative step is adjusted using a line search algorithm. Further unlike the most available Newton-based approaches available in the literature, we enhanced the Newton based approaches presented in this paper by constraining the inverted model parameters with nonlinear transformation. This constrain forces the reconstruction of the unknown model parameters to lie within their physical bounds. In order to deal with cases where the measurements are redundant or lacking sensitivity to certain model parameters causing non-uniqueness of solution, the cost function to be minimized is regularized by adding a penalty term. One of the crucial aspects of this approach is how to determine the regularization parameter determining the relative importance of the misfit between the measured and predicted data and the penalty term. We reviewed different approaches to determine this parameter and proposed a robust and simple way of choosing this regularization parameter with aid of recently developed multiplicative regularization analysis. By combining all the techniques mentioned above we arrive at an effective and robust parametric algorithm. As numerical examples we present results of electromagnetic inversion at induction frequency in the deviated borehole configuration.
Intergalactic dust extinction in hydrodynamic cosmological simulations

Recently Menard et al. (hereafter MSFR) detected a subtle but systematic change in the mean colour of quasars as a function of their projected separation from foreground galaxies, extending to comoving separations of ~10 h -1 Mpc, which they interpret as a signature of reddening by intergalactic dust. We present theoretical models of this remarkable observation, using smoothed particle hydrodynamic cosmological simulations of a (50 h -1 Mpc)3 volume. Our primary model uses a simulation with galactic winds and assumes that dust traces the intergalactic metals. The predicted galaxy-dust correlation function is similar in form to the galaxy-mass correlation function, and reproducing the MSFR data requires a dust-to-metal mass ratio of 0.24, about half the value in the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). Roughly half of the reddening arises in dust that is more than 100 h -1 kpc from the nearest massive galaxy. We also examine a simulation with no galactic winds, which predicts a much smaller fraction of intergalactic metals (3 per cent versus 35 per cent) and therefore requires an unphysical dust-to-metal ratio of 2.18 to reproduce the MSFR data. In both models, the signal is dominated by sightlines with E(g - i) = 0.001-0.1. The no-wind simulation can be reconciled with the data if we also allow reddening to arise in galaxies up to several x 10 10 M ⊙ . The wind model predicts a mean visual extinction of (A V ) ≈ 0.0133 mag out to z = 0.5, with a sightline-to-sightline dispersion similar to the mean, which could be significant for future supernova cosmology studies. Reproducing the MSFR results in these simulations requires that a large fraction of ISM dust survive its expulsion from galaxies and its residence in the intergalactic medium. Future observational studies that provide higher precision and measure the dependence on galaxy type and environment will allow detailed tests for models of enriched galactic outflows and the survival of intergalactic dust.
Plasticity of lifelong calorie‐restricted C57BL/6J mice in adapting to a medium‐fat diet intervention at old age

Calorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that supports healthy aging. In this study, we investigated the systemic and liver‐specific responses caused by a diet switch to a medium‐fat (MF) diet in 24‐month‐old lifelong, CR‐exposed mice. This study aimed to increase the knowledge base on dietary alterations of gerontological relevance. Nine‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to a control, CR, or MF diet. At the age of 24 months, a subset of mice of the CR group was transferred to ad libitumMF feeding (CR‐MF). The mice were sacrificed at the age of 28 months, and then, biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. Our results showed that, despite the long‐term exposure to the CR regimen, mice in the CR‐MF group displayed hyperphagia, rapid weight gain, and hepatic steatosis. However, no hepatic fibrosis/injury or alteration in CR‐improved survival was observed in the diet switch group. The liver transcriptomic profile of CR‐MF mice largely shifted to a profile similar to the MF‐fed animals but leaving ~22% of the 1,578 differentially regulated genes between the CR and MF diet groups comparable with the expression of the lifelong CR group. Therefore, although the diet switch was performed at an old age, the CR‐MF‐exposed mice showed plasticity in coping with the challenge of a MF diet without developing severe liver pathologies.
Feature Extraction and Visualisation of Flow Fields

Flow visualisation has already been a very attractive part of visualisation research for a long time. Usually very large data sets need to be processed, which often consist of multivariate data with a large number of sample locations, often arranged in multiple time steps. Recently, the steadily increasing performance of computers again has become a driving factor for a new boom in flow visualisation, especially in techniques based on feature extraction, vector field clustering, and topology extraction. In this state-of-the-art report, an attempt was made to (1) provide a useful categorisation of FlowVis solutions, (2) give an overview of existing solutions, and (3) focus on recent work, especially in the field of feature extraction. In separate sections we describe (a) direct visualisation techniques such as hedgehog plots, (b) visualisation using integral objects, such as streamlines, (c) texture-based techniques, including spot noise and line integral convolution, and (d) techniques based on extraction of features or flow topology.
Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched barley on cardiovascular disease risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.

BACKGROUND Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. Barley-derived beta-glucan may also improve serum cholesterol, but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of barley can favorably modify cholesterol and other markers of CVD and diabetes risk. DESIGN Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL cholesterol/L) men with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g glucose/d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) cholesterol or in triacylglycerol (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting glucose (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial glucose when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION The effect of beta-glucan-enriched barley on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in CVD risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic men.
Parameters Identification of Induction Motor Based on The Equilibrium Optimizer

In this research paper, the parameters of the induction motor (IM) were identified using equilibrium optimizer (EO) which is a modern algorithm that appeared most recently in farmarzi and al’s work and was applied in different researches fields, the results obtiened shows that they are very close to the real parameters. In order to verify the efficiancy and accuracy of the EO algorithm among the other metaheuristics methods the results of IM parameters obtained with the EO were compared with those obtained with particle swarm optimisation algorithm PSO along the iterations. It will be revealed in this work also, that the identified parameters obtained with EO have an advantage in improving the accuracy of their values with the speed of convergence of the objective function of EO for the identification of IM parameters compared to that obtained from PSO.
An Exploratory Analysis of Computer Mediated Communications on Cyberstalking Severity

The interaction between disjunctive interpersonal relationships, those where the parties to the relationship disagree on the goals of the relationship, and the use of computer mediated communications channels is a relatively unexplored domain. Â Bargh (2002) suggests that CMC channels can amplify the development of interpersonal relationships, and notes that the effect is not constant across communications activities. Â This proposal suggests a line of research that explores the interaction between computer mediated communications (CMC) and stalking, which is a common form of disjunctive relationships. Â Field data from cyberstalking cases will be used to look at the effects of CMC channels on stalking case severity, and exploring the relative impacts of CMC channel characteristics on such cases. Â To accomplish this, a ratio scaled measure of stalking case severity is proposed for use in exploring the relationship between case severity and CMC media characteristics, anonymity, and the prior relationship between the stalker and the victim. Â Expected results are identified, and follow-up research is proposed. Â