Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation framework for m-learning systems: Current situation and proposal

This paper presents the analysis of recent research on mobile learning and usability areas, applying a systematic mapping study. It also presents the main focus adopted by each publication, the types of mobile device and operative systems. The aim is also to understand the tendencies and needs in the fields of design and evaluation of the m-learning systems. Results demonstrate that research in the area has had a large growth since the 2012, and due to the recent boom of mobile devices in education, we believe that the number of studies will continue to grow in the following years. Also we identify a necessity when we see that not all the m-learning applications have used usability tests, we did not find guidelines or frameworks to evaluate them either. With this results and tendencies, we propose the creation of a model that evaluates the m-learning applications during the development stages, considering educational factors, usability and student experience, to improve the quality in use and to improve the student experience when using mobile learning.
Sparse kernel methods for high-dimensional survival data

UNLABELLED Sparse kernel methods like support vector machines (SVM) have been applied with great success to classification and (standard) regression settings. Existing support vector classification and regression techniques however are not suitable for partly censored survival data, which are typically analysed using Cox's proportional hazards model. As the partial likelihood of the proportional hazards model only depends on the covariates through inner products, it can be 'kernelized'. The kernelized proportional hazards model however yields a solution that is dense, i.e. the solution depends on all observations. One of the key features of an SVM is that it yields a sparse solution, depending only on a small fraction of the training data. We propose two methods. One is based on a geometric idea, where-akin to support vector classification-the margin between the failed observation and the observations currently at risk is maximised. The other approach is based on obtaining a sparse model by adding observations one after another akin to the Import Vector Machine (IVM). Data examples studied suggest that both methods can outperform competing approaches. AVAILABILITY Software is available under the GNU Public License as an R package and can be obtained from the first author's website http://www.maths. bris.ac. uk/~maxle/software.html.
Therapeutic efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy mediated by boron-rich liposomes for oral cancer in the hamster cheek pouch model

Significance Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer is based on the selective uptake of 10B target compounds by tumor cells followed by neutron irradiation. The capture reaction between 10B atoms and neutrons gives rise to short-range particles, which are highly effective in producing cell damage. Thus, BNCT is designed to damage tumor cells and preserve healthy cells. The boron carrier used is pivotal to the success of BNCT. The present study describes the therapeutic success of BNCT mediated by MAC-TAC liposomes, K[nido-7-CH3(CH2)15-7,8-C2B9H11] (MAC) in the bilayer membrane and encapsulating the hydrophilic species Na3[ae-B20H17NH3] (TAC) in the aqueous core, using the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. A sustained tumor response of 70–88% was associated with only mild mucositis in dose-limiting precancerous tissue. The application of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) mediated by liposomes containing 10B-enriched polyhedral borane and carborane derivatives for the treatment of head and neck cancer in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model is presented. These liposomes are composed of an equimolar ratio of cholesterol and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, incorporating K[nido-7-CH3(CH2)15-7,8-C2B9H11] (MAC) in the bilayer membrane while encapsulating the hydrophilic species Na3[ae-B20H17NH3] (TAC) in the aqueous core. Unilamellar liposomes with a mean diameter of 83 nm were administered i.v. in hamsters. After 48 h, the boron concentration in tumors was 67 ± 16 ppm whereas the precancerous tissue contained 11 ± 6 ppm, and the tumor/normal pouch tissue boron concentration ratio was 10:1. Neutron irradiation giving a 5-Gy dose to precancerous tissue (corresponding to 21 Gy in tumor) resulted in an overall tumor response (OR) of 70% after a 4-wk posttreatment period. In contrast, the beam-only protocol gave an OR rate of only 28%. Once-repeated BNCT treatment with readministration of liposomes at an interval of 4, 6, or 8 wk resulted in OR rates of 70–88%, of which the complete response ranged from 37% to 52%. Because of the good therapeutic outcome, it was possible to extend the follow-up of BNCT treatment groups to 16 wk after the first treatment. No radiotoxicity to normal tissue was observed. A salient advantage of these liposomes was that only mild mucositis was observed in dose-limiting precancerous tissue with a sustained tumor response of 70–88%.
Regularization Techniques for Learning with Matrices

There is growing body of learning problems for which it is natural to organize the parameters into a matrix. As a result, it becomes easy to impose sophisticated prior knowledge by appropriately regularizing the parameters under some matrix norm. This work describes and analyzes a systematic method for constructing such matrix-based regularization techniques. In particular, we focus on how the underlying statistical properties of a given problem can help us decide which regularization function is appropriate. Our methodology is based on a known duality phenomenon: a function is strongly convex with respect to some norm if and only if its conjugate function is strongly smooth with respect to the dual norm. This result has already been found to be a key component in deriving and analyzing several learning algorithms. We demonstrate the potential of this framework by deriving novel generalization and regret bounds for multi-task learning, multi-class learning, and multiple kernel learning.
Differential regulation of the slow and rapid components of guinea‐pig cardiac delayed rectifier K+ channels by hypoxia

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute hypoxia on the slow (IKs) and rapid (IKr) components of the native delayed rectifier K+ channel in the absence and presence of the β‐adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (isoprenaline; Iso) using the whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique. Hypoxia reversibly inhibited basal IKs. The effect could be mimicked by exposing the cells to the thiol‐specific reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and attenuated upon exposure of cells to the membrane‐impermeant thiol‐specific oxidizing compound 5,5′‐dithio‐bis[2‐nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB). In the presence of hypoxia, the K0.5 for activation of IKs by Iso was significantly decreased from 18.3 to 1.9 nm. DTT mimicked the effect of hypoxia on the sensitivity of IKs to Iso while DTNB had no effect. Hypoxia increased the sensitivity of IKs to histamine and forskolin suggesting that the effect of hypoxia is not occurring at the β‐adrenergic receptor. The increase in sensitivity of IKs to Iso could be attenuated with addition of PKCβ peptide to the pipette solution. While hypoxia and DTT inhibited basal IKs they were without effect on IKr. In addition, Iso did not appear to alter the magnitude of IKr in the absence or presence of hypoxia. These data suggest that hypoxia regulates native IKs through two distinct mechanisms: direct inhibition of basal IKs and an increase in sensitivity to Iso that occurs downstream from the β‐adrenergic receptor. Both mechanisms appear to involve redox modification of thiol groups. In contrast native IKr does not appear to be regulated by Iso, hypoxia or redox state.
Neural correlates of inhibition in episodic memory

Behavioral studies on long-term memory over the past decades suggest that forgetting can be the consequence of inhibitory control processes that act to keep unwanted or interfering memories from coming to mind. However, it is still debated to what extent inhibition is involved in causing different forms of forgetting in episodic memory. Moreover, although the prefrontal cortex has traditionally been implicated in subserving cognitive control processes, the nature of the neural mechanisms underlying memory control is still unresolved. The present thesis reports four functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments aimed at shedding light on the neural substrates of inhibition and forgetting in episodic memory. Using the retrieval practice paradigm, Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that left dorsolateral prefrontal areas are critically involved in causing retrieval-induced forgetting, and that left ventrolateral prefrontal areas support the retrieval of previously inhibited memories. The results of Experiment 3 suggest that retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing impairment might share a common neural mechanism. Finally, Experiment 4 investigated list-method directed forgetting, indicating that such intentional forgetting may rely mainly on right lateralized dorsolateral prefrontal processes. Together, the findings provide first evidence that unintentional and intentional forgetting may depend on distinct neural processes, challenging unifying views of memory inhibition.
Quantifying Heterogeneous Malaria Exposure and Clinical Protection in a Cohort of Ugandan Children.

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. There are important gaps in our understanding of the factors driving the development of antimalaria immunity as a function of age and exposure. METHODS We used data from a cohort of 93 children participating in a clinical trial in Tororo, Uganda, an area of very high exposure to P. falciparum We jointly quantified individual heterogeneity in the risk of infection and the development of immunity against infection and clinical disease. RESULTS Results showed significant heterogeneity in the hazard of infection and independent effects of age and cumulative number of infections on the risk of infection and disease. The risk of developing clinical malaria upon infection decreased on average by 6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%-12%) for each additional year of age and by 2% (95% CI, 1%-3%) for each additional prior infection. Children randomly assigned to receive dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treatment appeared to develop immunity more slowly than those receiving artemether-lumefantrine. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity in P. falciparum exposure and immunity can be independently evaluated using detailed longitudinal studies. Improved understanding of the factors driving immunity will provide key information to anticipate the impact of malaria-control interventions and to understand the mechanisms of clinical immunity.
Effective camera motion analysis approach

Camera motion analysis (CMA) is very useful for many video content analysis tasks, but few works competently handle the videos with significant camera or object motion. In this paper, we present an effective CMA approach for such challenging cases. The effectiveness of our approach comes from two aspects: (1) reliably matching keypoints on consecutively sampled frames, where both the appearance similarity and motion smoothness of keypoints are considered; (2) effectively distinguishing background keypoints from foreground ones by a novel and advanced voting process, where the voting weights of keypoints are dynamically adjusted to guarantee that the influence of foreground motion can be largely reduced in CMA. Thus, a parametric camera motion model can be naturally derived by the accurate estimation of the motion of background keypoints. The experimental results on the TRECV2005 dataset and 500 shots from seven classic action movies demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
PENGARUH PROGRAM PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN TERHADAP KESIAPAN MAHASISWA PRODI EKONOMI FKIP UNS MENJADI TENAGA PENDIDIK

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) terhadap kesiapan mahasiswa menjadi tenaga pendidik bagi mahasiswa prodi ekonomi jurusan P.IPS FKIP UNS angkatan 2009. Kesiapan mahasiswa menjadi tenaga pendidik diukur berdasarkan tingkat kualitas penguasaan kompetensi mengajar.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa prodi Ekonomi angkatan 2009 yang mengikuti PPL dengan jumlah 178 mahasiswa.Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 44 mahasiswa dengan teknik proportional random sampling . Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pelaksanaan Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) terhadap kesiapan mahasiswa menjadi tenaga pendidik, dengan arah hubungan yang positif, pada mahasiswa prodi pendidikan Ekonomi jurusan P.IPS FKIP UNS Surakarta angkatan 2009. Kata kunci: PPL, kesiapan menjadi tenaga pendidik, kompetensi mengajar ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is the influence of Program Pengalaman Lapangan to the readiness of students to become teacher candidates for student of majoring economics education P.IPS FKIP UNS Surakarta at the year 2009.The readiness of student to become teacher candidates measured by the teaching competency.This research is descriptive quantitative research. The population in this research is student of majoring economics education at the year 2009who participated in the PPL 178 of students. Samples are taken by 44 students withproportional random samplingtechnique. Data obtained using a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques were used to test the hypothesis is the analysis of simple regression analysis.The conclusion of the researchthere is a significant influence on the implementation of the Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) to the readiness of students to became teacher candidate, with the direction of the relationship is positive, of the students majoring Economics education P.IPS FKIP UNS Surakarta at the year 2009. Keywords: PPL, readiness to become teacher candidate, teaching competency
The Neural Processing of Second Language Comprehension Modulated by the Degree of Proficiency: A Listening Connected Speech fMRI Study

While the neural network encompassing the processing of the mother tongue (L1) is well defined and has revealed the existence of a bilateral ventral pathway and a left dorsal pathway in which 3 loops have been defined, the question of the processing of a second language (L2) is still a matter of debate. Among variables accounting for the discrepancies in results, the degree of L2 proficiency appears to be one of the main factors. The present study aimed at assessing both pathways in L2, making it possible to determine the degree of mastery of the different speech components (prosody, phonology, semantics and syntax) that are intrinsically embedded within connected speech and that vary according to the degree of proficiency using high degrees of prosodic information. Two groups of high and moderate proficiency in L2 performed an fMRI comprehension task in L1 and L2. The modifications in brain activity observed within the dorsal and the ventral pathways according to L2 proficiency suggest that different processes of L2 are supported by differences in the integrated activity within distributed networks that included the left STSp, the left Spt and the left pars triangularis.
What Aspects of Social Network Are Protective for Dementia? Not the Quantity But the Quality of Social Interactions Is Protective Up to 15 Years Later

Objective: To test the association between several social networks variables reflecting both structural characteristics and quality of relationships with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease 5 and up to 15 years later. Methods: The study sample is gathered from the Paquid cohort, a French population-based study of 3,777 elderly people evaluated at baseline and regularly revisited during a 15-year interval. The sample consisted of 2,089 subjects who completed the social network questionnaire and were free of dementia at the time of enrollment and also at the next two follow-ups to minimize the problem of reverse causality. The questionnaire collected at baseline included marital status, number of ties, nature of social network, satisfaction, perception of being understood/misunderstood, and reciprocity in relationships. Results: The incident cases of dementia considered were those diagnosed at 5-year and subsequent follow-ups, resulting in 461 dementia and 373 Alzheimer's disease cases. The multivariate Cox model, including the six social network variables and adjusted for numerous potential confounders, showed significant associations with satisfaction and reciprocity in relationships. Participants who felt satisfied with their relations had a 23% reduced dementia risk. Participants who reported that they received more support than they gave over their lifetime had a 55% and 53% reduced risk for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Conclusion: The only variables associated with subsequent dementia or Alzheimer's disease were those reflecting the quality of relationships. The delay between social network assessment and dementia diagnosis was from 5 up to 15 years, thus minimizing the problem of reverse causality. MMSE = Mini Mental Status Examination; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; RR = relative risk; CI = confidence interval.
Atomic force microscopy of nonhydroxy galactocerebroside nanotubes and their self-assembly at the air-water interface, with applications to myelin.

Myelin is one of the few biological membranes to contain the lipid galactocerebrosides, although their role in myelin is unclear. To explore its structural role, we used fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study nonhydroxy galactocerebrosides (NCer) at the air-water interface of a Langmuir-Blodgett trough. Fluorescence microscopy at the air-water interface indicated that NCer forms micrometer scale domains of varying radii with six fractal-like extensions. Atomic force microscopy using TappingMode in water on samples transferred to mica confirmed the fractal-like domain structure in the absence of dye and showed that the domains consisted of many aggregated nanotubes with a diameter of 30 nm. The Hausdorf fractal dimension was estimated to be 1.26 and 1.11 for two domains imaged with AFM. This evidence indicates that NCer forms a bulk phase of nanotubes at the air-water interface, unlike the liquid-condensed phase of a phospholipid monolayer. That NCer forms bilayer nanotubes that aggregate strongly suggests NCer helps maintain the stability of myelin by contributing to the curvature and adhesion of the membrane. We found that NCer appears to be decreased in myelin from multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter, which could be an important event in the loss of myelin stability.
Data Transfer Using a Camera and a Three-Dimensional Code

: One- and two-dimensional barcodes have be-come very popular in past years and are widely used to identifyproductsaswellasservices.Recently,2Dbarcodes, likeQRcodes,arealsousedtoopticallytransferadedicated hyperlink. All 2D barcodes share one major limitation: the storage capacity. To overcome that, time can be introduced as a third dimension. Instead of one, a sequence of barcodes is used to transfer a larger amount of data. The main goal of the present work was to design, implement, and especially evaluate the entire workflow for such a QR code-based, three-dimensional (3D) transmission system on the receiver side, such as a SmartPhone, being able to “ read ” from a sender, represented by a screen. The steps comprise the capturing of the 3D barcode, the recognition and reading of the sequence of 2D barcodes, and thefinal retrieval of the original content. Furthermore, adversarial conditions had to be identified, tested, and documented in detail. The prototype achieves a theoretical throughput of 12,288 Byte for 30 seconds transmission intervals, which results in approximately 3,280 bit/s. Future work may focus on increasing the throughput of the system as well as the transmission reliability by applying error detection and correc-tiontechniques.
A Memory-Systems Approach to the Classification of Personality Tests: Comment on Meyer and Kurtz (2006)

In response to Meyer and Kurtz's (2006) recommended discontinuation of the terms “objective” and “projective” as descriptors of personality tests, a new classification system for personality measures is sketched out that is based on memory research. Adopting a widely used model of the organization of human memory systems (e.g., Squire, Knowlton, & Musen, 1993), a distinction between declarative and nondeclarative personality tests is proposed based on whether tests assess facets of personality represented in consciously accessible memory systems or in nonconscious memory systems whose operation is reflected in performance. The declarative/nondeclarative classification can be further refined by specifying separable memory systems within each domain of memory (e.g., episodic, semantic, priming, skill learning). It is proposed that such a new classification would be conceptually meaningful, because it links personality tests to highly refined accounts of human cognition, and heuristically fruitful, because it provides new insights into the properties and limits of existing tests and helps identify hitherto largely untapped sources for the assessment of personality.
An Autophagy-Enhancing Drug Promotes Degradation of Mutant α1-Antitrypsin Z and Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis

Correcting a Liver Problem The classical form of α1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency is caused by a point mutation that alters the folding and causes intracellular aggregation of AT—an abundant liver-derived plasma glycoprotein. AT deficiency is the most common genetic cause of liver disease in childhood and can also lead to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. Carbamazepine is a drug known to be well tolerated in humans that enhances the intracellular degradation process known as autophagy. Now, Hidvegi et al. (p. 229, published online June 3; see the Perspective by Sifers) show that carbamazepine can reduce the severity of liver disease in a mouse model of AT deficiency by enhancing the degradation of misfolded accumulated AT. A mouse model of a human liver disease can be treated using a drug known to be well tolerated. In the classical form of α1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency, a point mutation in AT alters the folding of a liver-derived secretory glycoprotein and renders it aggregation-prone. In addition to decreased serum concentrations of AT, the disorder is characterized by accumulation of the mutant α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) variant inside cells, causing hepatic fibrosis and/or carcinogenesis by a gain–of–toxic function mechanism. The proteasomal and autophagic pathways are known to mediate degradation of ATZ. Here we show that the autophagy-enhancing drug carbamazepine (CBZ) decreased the hepatic load of ATZ and hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model of AT deficiency–associated liver disease. These results provide a basis for testing CBZ, which has an extensive clinical safety profile, in patients with AT deficiency and also provide a proof of principle for therapeutic use of autophagy enhancers.