Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Automatic Imitation and Spatial Compatibility Mediated by Different Processes?

Automatic imitation or "imitative compatibility" is thought to be mediated by the mirror neuron system and to be a laboratory model of the motor mimicry that occurs spontaneously in naturalistic social interaction. Imitative compatibility and spatial compatibility effects are known to depend on different stimulus dimensions-body movement topography and relative spatial position. However, it is not yet clear whether these two types of stimulus-response compatibility effect are mediated by the same or different cognitive processes. We present an interactive activation model of imitative and spatial compatibility, based on a dual-route architecture, which substantiates the view they are mediated by processes of the same kind. The model, which is in many ways a standard application of the interactive activation approach, simulates all key results of a recent study by Catmur and Heyes (2011). Specifically, it captures the difference in the relative size of imitative and spatial compatibility effects; the lack of interaction when the imperative and irrelevant stimuli are presented simultaneously; the relative speed of responses in a quintile analysis when the imperative and irrelevant stimuli are presented simultaneously; and the different time courses of the compatibility effects when the imperative and irrelevant stimuli are presented asynchronously.
A Generalized Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Five-Phase PM Motor Drives Considering Star, Pentagon, and Pentacle Connections of Stator Windings

In this paper, a generalized optimal fault-tolerant control (FTC) technique is proposed for open-circuit faults in five-phase permanent-magnet (PM) machine drives. The proposed FTC technique considers pentagon and pentacle connections of stator windings in addition to conventional star connection. Open-circuit faults in stator windings of the machine as well as switches of the inverter are analyzed. The optimization objective is to produce ripple-free electromagnetic torque with minimum ohmic losses under open-circuit fault conditions. This is achieved by a simple closed-form equation to calculate reference optimal currents in all cases where a lookup table is utilized to represent the effect of fault type. The proposed FTC technique is easily extended to PM machines with higher number of phases. Experimental results for a five-phase PM machine drive are provided to demonstrate the proposed FTC strategy. In addition to single and double faults, which are analyzed for five-phase machine with star connection, triple-phase faults are also considered in pentagon and pentacle connections.
Human CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells produce CXCL8 and recruit neutrophils

One of the defining features of the majority of FOXP3+ Tregs is their inability to produce typical T‐cell‐derived cytokines. Little is known, however, about their capacity to produce chemokines. As Tregs are constitutively present in, and rapidly traffic to, non‐lympoid tissues, we hypothesized that they may produce chemokines to direct the composition of cells that infiltrate inflamed tissues. Surprisingly, we found that Tregs produce high amounts of CXCL8 (IL‐8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Tregs also produced other CC and CXC family chemokines, including CCL2‐5, CCL7, and CXCL10. Whereas ectopic expression of FOXP3 suppressed cytokine production, it significantly induced CXCL8. Moreover, supernatants from Tregs attracted neutrophils via a CXCL8‐dependent mechanism. These data provide the first evidence that although classical Tregs are defined by their lack of proinflammatory cytokine production, they secrete significant quantities of chemokines and thus may have an unappreciated role in directing the recruitment of immune cells.
DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE LUCIFERASE GENE WITHIN MARINE DINOFLAGELLATES 1

Dinoflagellates are the most abundant protists that produce bioluminescence. Currently, there is an incomplete knowledge of the identity of bioluminescent species arising from inter‐ and intraspecific variability in bioluminescence properties. In this study, PCR primers were designed to amplify the dinoflagellate luciferase gene (lcf) from genetically distant bioluminescent species. One of the primer pairs was “universal,” whereas others amplified longer gene sequences from subsets of taxa. The primers were used to study the distribution of lcf and assess bioluminescence potential in dinoflagellate strains representing a wide variety of taxa as well as multiple strains of selected species. Strains of normally bioluminescent species always contained lcf even when they were found not to produce light, thus demonstrating the utility of this methodology as a powerful tool for identifying bioluminescent species. Bioluminescence and lcf were confined to the Gonyaulacales, Noctilucales, and Peridiniales. Considerable variation was observed among genera, or even species within some genera, that contained this gene. Partial sequences of lcf were obtained for the genera Ceratocorys, Ceratium, Fragilidium, and Protoperidinium as well as from previously untested species or gene regions of Alexandrium and Gonyaulax. The sequences revealed high variation among gene copies that obscured the boundaries between species or even genera, some of which could be explained by the presence of two genetic variants within the same species of Alexandrium. Highly divergent sequences within Alexandrium and Ceratium show a more diverse composition of lcf than previously known.
Direct Regulation of Nephrin Tyrosine Phosphorylation by Nck Adaptor Proteins*

Background: Nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation by Fyn is important for its function, but the mechanisms regulating this process are not well characterized. Results: Nck promotes nephrin phosphorylation through activation of Fyn. Conclusion: Nck appears to be involved in the regulation of nephrin phosphorylation. Significance: We have identified an interaction that contributes to our understanding of the regulation of nephrin phosphorylation. The transmembrane protein nephrin is a key component of the kidney slit diaphragm that contributes to the morphology of podocyte foot processes through signaling to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. We have recently reported that tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of nephrin facilitates recruitment of Nck SH2/SH3 adaptor proteins and subsequent actin remodeling and that phosphorylation of the Nck binding sites on nephrin is decreased during podocyte injury. We now demonstrate that Nck directly modulates nephrin phosphorylation through formation of a signaling complex with the Src family kinase Fyn. The ability of Nck to enhance nephrin phosphorylation is compromised in the presence of a Src family kinase inhibitor and when the SH3 domains of Nck are mutated. Furthermore, induced loss of Nck expression in podocytes in vivo is associated with a rapid reduction in nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation. Our results suggest that Nck may facilitate dynamic signaling events at the slit diaphragm by promoting Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of nephrin, which may be important in the regulation of foot process morphology and response to podocyte injury.
Enhanced subunit interactions with gemcitabine-5′-diphosphate inhibit ribonucleotide reductases

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides in all organisms. The class I RNRs are composed of two subunits, α and β, with proposed quaternary structures of α2β2, α6β2, or α6β6, depending on the organism. The α subunits bind the nucleoside diphosphate substrates and the dNTP/ATP allosteric effectors that govern specificity and turnover. The β2 subunit houses the diferric Y• (1 radical per β2) cofactor that is required to initiate nucleotide reduction. 2′,2′-Difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (F2C) is presently used clinically in a variety of cancer treatments and the 5′-diphosphorylated F2C (F2CDP) is a potent inhibitor of RNRs. The studies with [1′-3H]-F2CDP and [5-3H]-F2CDP have established that F2CDP is a substoichiometric mechanism based inhibitor (0.5 eq F2CDP/α) of both the Escherichia coli and the human RNRs in the presence of reductant. Inactivation is caused by covalent labeling of RNR by the sugar of F2CDP (0.5 eq/α) and is accompanied by release of 0.5 eq cytosine/α. Inactivation also results in loss of 40% of β2 activity. Studies using size exclusion chromatography reveal that in the E. coli RNR, an α2β2 tight complex is generated subsequent to enzyme inactivation by F2CDP, whereas in the human RNR, an α6β6 tight complex is generated. Isolation of these complexes establishes that the weak interactions of the subunits in the absence of nucleotides are substantially increased in the presence of F2CDP and ATP. This information and the proposed asymmetry between the interactions of αnβn provide an explanation for complete inactivation of RNR with substoichiometric amounts of F2CDP.
Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Binders for High‐Performance Silicon Nanoparticle Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Conjugation of mussel-inspired catechol groups to various polymer backbones results in materials suitable as silicon anode binders. The unique wetness-resistant adhesion provided by the catechol groups allows the silicon nanoparticle electrodes to maintain their structure throughout the repeated volume expansion and shrinkage during lithiation cycling, thus facilitating substantially improved specific capacities and cycle lives of lithium-ion batteries.
Generating Image Descriptions Using Dependency Relational Patterns

This paper presents a novel approach to automatic captioning of geo-tagged images by summarizing multiple web-documents that contain information related to an image's location. The summarizer is biased by dependency pattern models towards sentences which contain features typically provided for different scene types such as those of churches, bridges, etc. Our results show that summaries biased by dependency pattern models lead to significantly higher ROUGE scores than both n-gram language models reported in previous work and also Wikipedia baseline summaries. Summaries generated using dependency patterns also lead to more readable summaries than those generated without dependency patterns.
Drr research beyond COTS OCR software : A survey

After decades of research, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has entered into a relatively mature stage. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) OCR software packages have become powerful tools in Document Recognition and Retrieval (DRR) applications. One question naturally arises: What areas are left for new DRR research beyond COTS OCR software? There are many discussions around it in recent conferences. This paper attempts to address this question through a systematic survey of recently reported DRR projects as well as our own Digital Content Re-Mastering (DCRM) research at HP Labs. This survey has shown that custom DRR research is still in great need for better accuracy and reliability, complementary contents, or downstream information retrieval. Several concrete observations are also made on the basis of this survey: First, the basic character/word recognition is mostly taken on by COTS software, with a few exceptions. Second, system-level research with regard to reliability and guaranteed accuracy can seldom be replaced by COTS software. Third, document-level structure understanding still has much room to expand. Fourth, post-OCR information retrieval also has many challenging research topics.
Effectiveness of piroxicam and ibuprofen premedication on orthodontic patients' pain experiences.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of preoperative administration of ibuprofen and piroxicam on orthodontic pain experienced after separator placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety patients aged between 13 years 9 months and 18 years 2 months who were to undergo fixed appliance orthodontic treatment were enrolled in this double-blind, parallel-arm, prospective study. Patients were evenly and randomly distributed to any of three experimental groups, as follows: (1) administration of placebo, (2) administration of 400 mg ibuprofen, and (3) administration of 20 mg piroxicam; medications were administered 1 hour before separator placement. The pain perceived was recorded by the patients on a linear and graded Visual Analogue Scale at time intervals of 2 hours; 6 hours; nighttime on the day of appointment; 24 hours after the appointment; and 2 days, 3 days, and 7 days after separator placement during each of the four activities (viz, chewing, biting, fitting front teeth, and fitting back teeth). RESULTS The results revealed that preoperative administration of 20 mg of piroxicam 1 hour prior to separator placement resulted in a significant decrease in pain levels at 2 hours, 6 hours, nighttime, and 24 hours and on the second and third days after separator placement, compared to patients on a placebo or ibuprofen. CONCLUSIONS Premedication with 20 mg of piroxicam results in significantly decreased pain experienced, compared to premedication with 400 mg of ibuprofen or placebo. Usage of 20 mg of piroxicam 1 hour prior to separator placement is recommended.
Evaluation of an Autonomous Braking System in Real-World PTW Crashes

Objectives: Powered 2-wheelers (PTWs) are becoming increasingly popular in Europe. They have the ability to get around traffic queues, thus lowering fuel consumption and increasing mobility. The risk of rider injury in a traffic crash is however much higher than that associated with car users. The European project, Powered Two Wheeler Integrated Safety (PISa), identified an autonomous braking system (AB) as a priority to reduce the injury consequences of a PTW crash. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effectiveness of the AB system developed in PISa, taking into account the specific system characteristics that emerged during the design, development and testing phases. Methods: Fifty-eight PTW cases representing European crash configurations were examined, in which 43 percent of riders sustained a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 2+ injury. Two of the most common crash types were a PTW impacting a stationary object (car following scenario) 16% and an object pulling across the PTW path (crossing scenario) 54%. An expert team analysed the in-depth material of the sample crashes and determined a posteriori to what extent the AB would have affected the crash. For those cases where the AB was evaluated as applicable, a further quantitative evaluation of the benefits was conducted by considering a set of different possible rider reactions in addition to that exhibited in the actual crash. Results: In 67 percent of cases, the application of AB could have mitigated the crash outcome. Analysis of those real crash cases showed the potential for an expert rider to avoid the collision. An early reaction of the rider, associated with a correct application of the brakes would have avoided 18 of the 37 car following/crossing scenarios. Conversely, according to the analysis, an expert rider would not have been able to avoid 19 of the 37 cases. In 14 of those 19 cases, the AB would have contributed to mitigating the crash outcome. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant potential for application of the autonomous braking system in car following and crossing scenarios. In addition, the theoretical benefit curves for the AB globally, were able to provide good quantitative indications of its benefits in real cases where the AB was considered applicable. Further analysis with larger databases is suggested in order to confirm the magnitude of benefits in the PTW crash population. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
Shaping the landscape of the Escherichia coli chromosome: replication-transcription encounters in cells with an ectopic replication origin

Each cell division requires the unwinding of millions of DNA base pairs to allow chromosome duplication and gene transcription. As DNA replication and transcription share the same template, conflicts between both processes are unavoidable and head-on collisions are thought to be particularly problematic. Surprisingly, a recent study reported unperturbed cell cycle progression in Escherichia coli cells with an ectopic replication origin in which highly transcribed rrn operons were forced to be replicated opposite to normal. In this study we have re-generated a similar strain and found the doubling time to be twice that of normal cells. Replication profiles of this background revealed significant deviations in comparison to wild-type profiles, particularly in highly transcribed regions and the termination area. These deviations were alleviated by mutations that either inactivate the termination area or destabilise RNA polymerase complexes and allow their easier displacement by replication forks. Our data demonstrate that head-on replication-transcription conflicts are highly problematic. Indeed, analysis of the replication profile of the previously published E. coli construct revealed a chromosomal rearrangement that alleviates replication-transcription conflicts in an intriguingly simple way. Our data support the idea that avoiding head-on collisions has significantly contributed to shaping the distinct architecture of bacterial chromosomes.
Numerical simulations of coupled conduction-free convection in low conductive vertical finned surfaces

Several industrial products and applications need to remove a large amount of thermal energy that arises from very small surfaces; typical solutions to this problem are heat sinks, dissipating heat devices in electrical and electronic appliances. In most cases they are cooled by means of finned surfaces and forced air. In some cases, especially in low-energy applications, free convection solutions could be preferable to forced convection ones. Usually, heat sinks are made of expensive aluminium or copper due to their high thermal conductivity. When the devices are small, and the solid-fluid temperature difference is limited, in free convection the heat transfer coefficient is typically low, and the thermal conductivity of the materials is less relevant. A less expensive possibility is the use of different materials that, despite their low thermal conductivity, can allow an easier production process as in the case of quasi-polymeric materials. In this paper, the free convection problem of small vertical finned surfaces immersed in still air has been investigated by means of numerical simulations in order to identify the influence of geometrical and physical parameters on the system performance with a moderately conductive polymeric material and a low-density Zn-based alloy.
Understanding the Relationship Between Proactive and Reactive Aggression, and Cyberbullying Across United States and Singapore Adolescent Samples

This study examined cyberbullying among adolescents across United States and Singapore samples. Specifically, the purpose of the investigation was to study the differential associations between proactive and reactive aggression, and cyberbullying across two cultures. A total of 425 adolescents from the United States (M age = 13 years) and a total of 332 adolescents from Singapore (M age = 14.2 years) participated in the study. Results of the moderator analyses suggested that nationality was not a moderator of the relationship between proactive aggression and cyberbullying, and between reactive aggression and cyberbullying. As expected, findings showed proactive aggression to be positively associated with cyberbullying, after controlling for reactive aggression, across both samples. Likewise, as hypothesized, reactive aggression and cyberbullying was not found to be significant after controlling for proactive aggression across both samples. Implications of these findings were discussed: (a) Proactive aggression is a possible risk factor for both bullying and cyberbullying; (b) proactive and reactive aggression could be argued to be distinct as they have different correlates—only proactive aggression contributed to cyberbullying after controlling for reactive aggression; (c) this research extends previous work and contributes toward cross-cultural work using similar and comparable measures across different samples; and (d) prevention and intervention programs targeted at proactive aggressive adolescents could adopt a two-pronged approach by changing mind sets, and by understanding and adopting a set of rules for Internet etiquette.
Electroconductive Composites Containing Nanocellulose, Nanopolypyrrole, and Silver Nanoparticles

In this work, conducting composites of nanocellulose (NC)/polypyrrole nanoparticles (NPPy) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), i.e., NC/NPPyAg, were synthesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, via in situ emulsion polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of surfactant dopants. The AgNPs acted as an oxidizing agent to simultaneously incorporate nanoparticles into the prepared composites. The structures and morphologies of the prepared composites were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) techniques. Additionally, the prepared composites were characterized by their conductivities, and the dielectric constants ( ́), dielectric losses ( ̋), and AC conductivities were studied for the prepared composites with an increasing NPPy content as a function of the frequency.
Bearing Failure Analysis on Gearbox Forced Draft Fan at LNG Plant

Boilers Forced Draft Fan has a gearbox reducer to reduce speed from steam turbine as a driver and fan as the driven. Based on Predictive Maintenance Group at Machinery and Heavy Equipment Section, it was found that gearbox has high vibration and noise when boilers load on 195 Ton/Hr (Max Load 295 Ton/hr). Vibration Analysis indicates that the source of vibration comes from bearings with peak value 0.572 in/sec at gearbox high speed outboard vertical and 0.593 in/sec at gearbox high speed outboard horizontal (Max Allowance 0.50 in/sec). Lubrication analysis using X-ray Flourescence method, to see wear particle on lubricating oil showed that Tin(Sn) content is very high 203.62 mg/L (maximum allowance for Tin(Sn) at gearbox is 20mg/L), but wear debris are not found in lubricating oil. Gearbox disassembly found that high speed and low speed bearings suffered severe corrosion. Corrosion at bearings are caused by water contamination on lubrication oil, it comes from steam leak due to carbon ring failure at steam turbine which is steam turbine bearing lubrication and gearbox lubrication get into one lubrication system. After Bearings replaced with a new one, vibration analysis shown improved vibration conditions 0.084 in/sec at gearbox high speed outboard vertical and 0.066 in/sec at gearbox high speed outboard horizontal. In conclucion, high vibration and noise at gearbox reducer were caused by bearings failure due to severe corrosion, and water contamination on lubrication oil for gearbox due to carbon ring failure on steam turbine.
Existence of travelling-wave solutions and local well-posedness of the fowler equation

We study the existence of travelling-waves and local well-posedness in a subspace of $C_b^1(\R)$ for a nonlinear evolution equation recently proposed by Andrew C. Fowler to describe the dynamics of dunes. The travelling-waves we obtained however, were more bore-like than solitary-wave-like.