Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking and Elucidating Alphavirus-Host Protein Interactions*

Viral infections cause profound alterations in host cells. Here, we explore the interactions between proteins of the Alphavirus Sindbis and host factors during the course of mammalian cell infection. Using a mutant virus expressing the viral nsP3 protein tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) we directly observed nsP3 localization and isolated nsP3-interacting proteins at various times after infection. These results revealed that host factor recruitment to nsP3-containing complexes was time dependent, with a specific early and persistent recruitment of G3BP and a later recruitment of 14-3-3 proteins. Expression of GFP-tagged G3BP allowed reciprocal isolation of nsP3 in Sindbis infected cells, as well as the identification of novel G3BP-interacting proteins in both uninfected and infected cells. Note-worthy interactions include nuclear pore complex components whose interactions with G3BP were reduced upon Sindbis infection. This suggests that G3BP is a nuclear transport factor, as hypothesized previously, and that viral infection may alter RNA transport. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that a portion of Sindbis nsP3 is localized at the nuclear envelope, suggesting a possible site of G3BP recruitment to nsP3-containing complexes. Our results demonstrate the utility of using a standard GFP tag to both track viral protein localization and elucidate specific viral-host interactions over time in infected mammalian cells.
Resolved Spectroscopy of the Narrow-Line Region in NGC 1068. II. Physical Conditions near the NGC 1068 “Hot Spot”

The physical conditions near the optical continuum peak ("hot spot") in the inner narrow-line region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 are examined using ultraviolet and optical spectra and photoionization models. The spectra were taken with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) through the 0. ″1 × 52. ″0 slit, covering the full STIS 1200-10000 Å waveband, and are from a region that includes the hot spot, extending 0. ″2, or ~14 pc (for H0 = 75 km s-1 Mpc-1), in the cross-dispersion direction. The spectra show emission lines from a wide range of ionization states for the most abundant elements, similar to archival Faint Object Spectrograph spectra of the same region. Perhaps the most striking feature of these spectra is the presence of strong coronal emission lines, including [S XII] λ7611, which has hitherto been identified only in spectra of the solar corona. There is an apparent correlation between ionization energy and velocity of the emission lines with respect to the systemic velocity of the host galaxy, with the coronal lines blueshifted, most other high-excitation lines near systemic, and some of the low-ionization lines redshifted. From the results of our modeling, we find that the emission-line gas is photoionized and consists of three principal components: (1) one in which most of the strong emission lines, such as [O III] λ5007, [Ne V] λ3426, and C IV λ1550, arise; (2) a more tenuous, highly ionized component, which is the source of the coronal-line emission; and (3) a component, which is not coplanar with the other two, in which the low-ionization and neutral lines, such as [N II] λ6548 and [O I] λ6300, are formed. The first two components are directly ionized by the EUV-X-ray continuum emitted by the central source, while the low-ionization gas is ionized by a combination of highly absorbed continuum radiation and a small fraction of unabsorbed continuum scattered by free electrons associated with the hot spot. The combination of covering factor and Thomson optical depth of the high-ionization components is insufficient to scatter the observed fraction of continuum radiation into our line of sight. Therefore, the scattering must occur in an additional component of hot plasma, which contributes little or no UV/optical line emission.
CNO driven winds of hot first stars

During the evolution of first stars, the CNO elements may emerge on their surfaces due to the mixing processes. Consequently, these stars may have winds driven purely by CNO elements. We study the properties of such stellar winds and discuss their influence on the surrounding environment. For this purpose, we used our own NLTE models and tested which stellar parameters of the first stars at different evolutionary stages result in CNO winds. If such winds are possible, we calculate their hydrodynamic structure and predict their parameters. We show that, while the studied stars do not have any wind driven purely by hydrogen and helium, CNO driven winds exist in more luminous stars. On the other hand, for very hot stars, CNO elements are too ionized to drive a wind. In most cases the derived mass-loss rate is much less than calculated with solar mixture of elements. This is because wind mass-loss rate in present hot stars is dominated by elements heavier than CNO. We conclude that, until a sufficient amount of these elements is created, the influence of line-driven winds is relatively small on the evolution of hot stars (which are not close to the Eddington limit).
A ] 1 9 Ja n 20 04 Full extensions and approximate unitary equivalences ∗

Let A be a unital separable amenable C∗-algebra and C be a unital C∗-algebra with certain infinite property. We show that two full monomorphisms h1, h2 : A → C are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if [h1] = [h2] in KL(A, C). Let B be a non-unital but σ-unital C ∗-algebra for which M(B)/B has the certain infinite property. We prove that two full essential extensions are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if they induce the same element in KL(A, M(B)/B). The set of approximately unitarily equivalence classes of full essential extensions forms a group. If A satisfies the Universal Coefficient Theorem, it is can be identified with KL(A, M(B)/B).
INTERSECTION THEORY ON MIXED CURVES

We consider two mixed curve C,C ' � C 2 which are defined by mixed functions of two variables z = (z1,z2). We have shown in (4), that they have canonical orientations. If C and Care smooth and intersect transversely at P, the intersection number Itop(C,C ' ;P) is topologically defined. We will generalize this definition to the case when the intersection is not necessarily transversal or either C or C ' may be singular at P using the defining mixed polynomials.
Edit Wars in Wikipedia

We present a new, efficient method for automatically detecting severe conflicts, `edit wars' in Wikipedia and evaluate this method on six different language Wikipedias. We discuss how the number of edits and reverts deviate in such pages from those following the general workflow, and argue that earlier work has significantly over-estimated the contentiousness of the Wikipedia editing process.
The form of the internationalization-performance relationship : “ universal ” or “ context dependent ” ?

Researchers have typically searched for and postulated a universalistic form of the internationalization-performance relationship. In this study, we evaluate the validity of this ‘grande theory’ logic by investigating 80 Swiss multinational companies in manufacturing industries over the 5-year period 1998-2002. Our findings suggest that the form of the internationalization-performance relationship is more likely to be context dependent. In particular, firms face certain home country “givens” (geographical location, cultural/institutional attributes, and home market size) that act as moderator variables of the internationalization-performance relationship. Thus, the line of inquiry may benefit from future investigations that more explicitly explore home country effects on the form of the internationalization-performance relationship.
D-Brane Actions and N =2 Supergravity Solutions

Among the most remarkable recent developments in string theory are the AdS/CFT duality, as proposed by Maldacena, and the emergence of noncommutative geometry. It has been known for some time that for a system of almost coincident D-branes the transverse displacements that represent the collective coordinates of the system become matrix-valued transforming in the adjoint representation of U(N). From a geometrical point of view this is rather surprising but, as we will see in Chapter 2, it is closely related to the noncommutative descriptions of D-branes. A consequence of the collective coordinates becoming matrix-valued is the appearance of a dielectric effect in which D-branes can become polarized into higher-dimensional fuzzy D-branes. This last aspect has inspired Polchinski and Strassler to find a nonsingular string dual of a confining four-dimensional gauge theory. The nonsingular geometry is sourced by an extended brane arising from Myers' dielectric effect. Following the spirit of the Polchinski-Strassler paper, we find N = 2 supergravity solutions with polarized branes and a field-theory dual. In our case we are able to present exact supergravity solutions by using M-theory reductions to type IIA supergravity.
Preventing DDoS Attacks with P 2 P Systems through Robust Membership Management

We show that malicious nodes in a peer-to-peer system may impact the external Internet environment, by causing large scale distributed denial of service attacks on nodes not eve n part of the overlay system. This is in contrast to attacks tha t disrupt the normal functioning, and performance of the over lay system itself. We formulate several principles critica l to the design of membership management protocols robust to such attacks. We show that (i) pull-based mechanisms are preferable to push-based mechanisms; (ii) it is critica l to validate membership information received by a node, and even simple probe-based techniques can be quite effective; (iii) validating information by requiring corroboration f rom multiple sources can provide good security properties with insignificant performance penalties; and (iv) it is importa nt to bound the number of distinct logical identifier (e.g. IDs i n a DHT) corresponding to the same physical identifier (e.g., IP address), which a participating node is unable to validate. We demonstrate the importance of these principles in the context of the Kad system for file distribution, and ESM system for video broadcasting. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of issues in the design of membership management algorithms in peer-to-peer systems so they may be robust to attacks exploiting them for DDoS attacks on external nodes.
A Questionnaire-Based Validation of Multidimensional Models of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies.

This study aimed to validate a newly-developed instrument, The Writing Strategies for Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) Questionnaire, with respect to its multifaceted structure of SRL strategies in English as a foreign language (EFL) writing. A total of 790 undergraduate students from 6 universities in Northeast China volunteered to be participants. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) through structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to evaluate 3 hypothesized models. The results of the CFA validated a 9-factor correlated model of second language (L2) writing strategies for SRL with satisfactory psychometric characteristics. Model comparisons confirmed a hierarchical, multidimensional structure of SRL as the best model, in which self-regulation, as a higher order construct, accounted for the correlations of the 9 lower-order writing strategies, pertaining to cognitive, metacognitive, social-behavioral, and motivational regulation aspects. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 6 out of 9 SRL strategies had significant predictive effects on EFL writing proficiency. The empirical evidence lends preliminary support to a transfer of SRL theory from educational psychology to the field of L2/EFL education, particularly L2/EFL writing. Implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Pseudo‐likelihood ratio tests for semiparametric multivariate copula model selection

The authors propose pseudo‐likelihood ratio tests for selecting semiparametric multivariate copula models in which the marginal distributions are unspecified, but the copula function is parameterized and can be misspecified. For the comparison of two models, the tests differ depending on whether the two copulas are generalized nonnested or generalized nested. For more than two models, the procedure is built on the reality check test of White (2000). Unlike White (2000), however, the test statistic is automatically standardized for generalized nonnested models (with the benchmark) and ignores generalized nested models asymptotically. The authors illustrate their approach with American insurance claim data.
Dietary polyphenols increase fecal mucin and immunoglobulin A and ameliorate the disturbance in gut microbiota caused by a high fat diet

The effects of dietary polyphenols on human health have mainly been discussed in the context of preventing degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols have been widely studied, but it has become clear that the mechanism of action of polyphenols extends beyond the modulation of oxidative stress, as they are poorly absorbed from the digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of polyphenols on the colonic environment, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota. We demonstrated that dietary polyphenols derived from aronia, haskap, and bilberry, markedly elevated the amount of fecal mucin and immunoglobulin A (IgA) as an intestinal barrier function and ameliorated the disturbance in gut microbiota caused by a high fat diet in rats. These results suggest that dietary polyphenols play a significant role in the prevention of degenerative diseases through improvement of the colonic environment without any absorption from the digestive tract.
Treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome decreases cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Background It is essential to detect and then treat factors that aggravate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we sought to determine whether or not continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) slows the rate of cognitive decline in mild-to-moderate AD patients. Methods Between January 2003 and June 2011, we included consecutive, mild-to-moderate AD patients (a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at inclusion ≥15) with severe SAS as determined by video-polysomnography (an apnoea-hypopnoea index ≥30). In this single-blind, proof-of-concept trial, we analysed the mean decline in the annual MMSE score (the main outcome measure) according to whether or not the patients had received CPAP therapy. The decline was computed for each patient and for the first 3 years of follow-up. Results Of the 23 included patients, 14 underwent CPAP treatment. The CPAP and non-CPAP groups did not differ significantly in terms of their demographic characteristics or MMSE score at baseline. The median annual MMSE decline was significantly slower in the CPAP group (−0.7 (−1.7; +0.8)) than in the non-CPAP group (−2.2 (−3.3; −1.9); p=0.013). Conclusions In this pilot study, CPAP treatment of severe SAS in mild-to-moderate AD patients was associated with significantly slower cognitive decline over a three-year follow-up period. Our results emphasise the importance of detecting and treating SAS in this population.
VACUUM AND SUPERLUMINAL PARTICLES

If textbook Lorentz invariance is actually a property of the equations describing a sector of the excitations of vacuum above some critical distance scale, several sectors of matter with different critical speeds in vacuum can coexist and an absolute rest frame (the vacuum rest frame) may exist without contradicting the apparent Lorentz invariance felt by ”ordinary” particles (particles with critical speed in vacuum equal to c , the speed of light). Sectorial Lorentz invariance, reflected by the fact that all particles of a given dynamical sector have the same critical speed in vacuum, will then be an expression of a fundamental sectorial symmetry (e.g. preonic grand unification or extended supersymmetry) protecting a parameter of the equations of motion. Furthermore, the sectorial Lorentz symmetry may be only a low-energy limit, in the same way as the relation ω (frequency) = cs (speed of sound) k (wave vector) holds for low-energy phonons in a crystal. We show that, in this context, phenomena such as the absence of Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff and the stability of unstable particles at very high energy are basic properties of a wide class of noncausal models where local Lorentz invariance is broken introducing a fundamental length. Then, observable phenomena are produced at the wavelength scale of the highest-energy cosmic rays or even below this energy, but Lorentz symmetry violation remains invisible to standard low-energy tests. We discuss possible theoretical, phenomenological, experimental and cosmological implications of this new approach to matter and space-time, as well as prospects for future developments.
An efficient approach to nominal equalities in hybrid logic tableaux

Basic hybrid logic extends modal logic with the possibility of naming worlds by means of a distinguished class of atoms (called nominals) and the so-called satisfaction operator, that allows one to state that a given formula holds at the world named a, for some nominal a. Hence, in particular, hybrid formulae include “equality” assertions, stating that two nominals are distinct names for the same world. The treatment of such nominal equalities in proof systems for hybrid logics may induce many redundancies. This paper introduces an internalized tableau system for basic hybrid logic, significantly reducing such redundancies. The calculus enjoys a strong termination property: tableau construction terminates without relying on any specific rule application strategy, and no loop-checking is needed. The treatment of nominal equalities specific of the proposed calculus is briefly compared to other approaches. Its practical advantages are demonstrated by empirical results obtained by use of implemented systems. Finally, it is briefly shown how to extend the calculus to include the global and converse modalities.
Particle{In{Cell Numerical Solver for Free Surface Flows with Fluid{Solid Interactions

This paper presents a novel numerical approach based on the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) technique for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with emphasis on free surface deformation and two-way fluid-solid interactions. As a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach, this method has the exibility of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method as well as the efficiency of an Eulerian method. Two-way fluid solid-interaction simulation has been integrated inside the numerical model by adopting the Distributed Lagrangian Multiplier (DLM) technique proposed in Patankar [7].
Why Self-Reports of Happiness and Sadness May Not Necessarily Contradict Bipolarity: A Psychometric Review and Proposal

It is assumed that bipolarity in happiness and sadness requires mutual exclusion. However, we present psychometric research to show how coendorsements of happiness and sadness do not necessarily constitute evidence against bipolarity. Because individuals have a tendency to endorse emotion terms close to their current state, individuals whose current state is close to the middle of a bipolar continuum would report both happiness and sadness, despite their current state being best represented by a single point. As such, endorsements of happiness and sadness are theoretically expected when individuals’ current state is in the middle of the continuum. Bipolarity however would be violated if endorsements of extreme levels of happiness and sadness can be demonstrated, which has yet to be shown.
Regulation of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 Expression in Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites Cells by Abrin

The role of abrin, a toxic lectin isolated from seeds of Abrus precatorius Linn in inducing apoptosis in murine Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells was evaluated. Abrin when incubated at the concentration of 10 ng per million DLA cells could bring about cell death as typical morphological changes with apoptosis. However, necrotic cell death dominated when a higher dose of abrin was used. DNA samples, isolated from DLA cells treated with abrin showed fragmentation. Abrin brought about induction of apoptosis by stimulating the expression of pro-apoptotic Caspase-3, at the same time blocking the expression of Bcl-2, which is an anti apoptotic gene. However, the expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 has not been observed in control and abrin-treated DLA cells. Results suggested that abrin effectively induced apoptotic changes in the tumor cells that led to cellular death.
Intermittency on catalysts: three-dimensional simple symmetric exclusion

We continue our study of intermittency for the parabolic Anderson model $\partial u/\partial t = \kappa\Delta u + \xi u$ in a space-time random medium $\xi$, where $\kappa$ is a positive diffusion constant, $\Delta$ is the lattice Laplacian on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \geq 1$, and $\xi$ is a simple symmetric exclusion process on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ in Bernoulli equilibrium. This model describes the evolution of a reactant $u$ under the influence of a catalyst $\xi$. In Gartner, den Hollander and Maillard [3] we investigated the behavior of the annealed Lyapunov exponents, i.e., the exponential growth rates as $t\to\infty$ of the successive moments of the solution $u$. This led to an almost complete picture of intermittency as a function of $d$ and $\kappa$. In the present paper we finish our study by focussing on the asymptotics of the Lyaponov exponents as $\kappa\to\infty$ in the critical dimension $d=3$, which was left open in Gartner, den Hollander and Maillard [3] and which is the most challenging. We show that, interestingly, this asymptotics is characterized not only by a Green term, as in $d\geq 4$, but also by a polaron term. The presence of the latter implies intermittency of all orders above a finite threshold for $\kappa$.
Feature extraction and classification of EEG for imagery movement based on mu/beta rhythms

Classification of electroencephalogram(EEG) is a crucial issue for EEG-based brain computer interface(BCI) system. The paper presents a method for EEG classification, where property of event-related desynchronization/synchronization(ERD/ERS) of mu/beta rhythms, The mu/beta rhythms are obtained after filtering and wavelet packet transform. The energy feature is formed by the squared amplitude of the preprocessed data, and then be classified by the function “classifiy” attached by matlab7.0. This is an extension of our previous work on the use of ERD/ERS of mu/beta rhythms for EEG classification. Numerical experiments with imagery movement data set in 2003 BCI competition, confirm the useful behavior of the property for EEG classification, and well verify the property in turn.
A Memetic PSO Algorithm for Scalar Optimization Problems

In this paper we introduce line search strategies originating from continuous optimization for the realization of the guidance mechanism in particle swarm optimization for scalar optimization problems. Since these techniques are well-suited for-but not restricted to-local search the resulting algorithm can be considered to be memetic. Further, we will use the same techniques for the construction of a new variant of a hill climber. We will discuss possible realizations and will finally present some numerical results indicating the strength of the two algorithms