Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Cerebral Circulation with Labeled Erythrocytes in Healthy Man

A thorough investigation of 10 healthy males, 26 to 46 years old, has been performed. One and a half ml. of their own erythrocytes, labeled with P32, was injected intravenously and dilution curves obtained simultaneously from one carotid artery and the two jugular bulbs. Thereafter, the same amount of labeled blood was injected into both carotid arteries, following one another, and dilution curves from the two jugular bulbs were simultaneously obtained. A total of seven dilution curves was collected in each case. The percutaneous punctures of the carotids were high enough in the neck so that it is highly probable that the injections were made into the internal carotid arteries. Calculations of the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral blood volume in absolute values were performed. The mean value of the cerebral blood flow amounted to 876 ml/min., i.e., 11.4 per cent of the cardiac output. The pool of the brain was calculated to about 100 ml. When a carotid artery was injected, the appearance and peak concentration times estimated from the dilution curves obtained from the ipsilateral bulbs were the same whether the injection was performed in the right or left side. The corresponding times for the dilution curves obtained from the contralateral bulb agreed, whichever the side on which the injection was performned. They were, however, one second longer than the ipsilateral ones. The determination of circulation time is of diagnostic value, according to an earlier publication. A simplified bloodless method has also been tried.
Becoming a Holistic Thinker: Training Effect of Oriental Medicine on Reasoning

The authors hypothesized that training in Oriental medicine would make students think in a more holistic way. Study 1 found that students of Oriental medicine exhibited a cyclic expectation of future change, a key characteristic of holistic thinking, more than did students in other majors, such that the former, not the latter, believed that if something was going up or going down, it would reverse its direction in the future. Study 2 found that students in Oriental medicine also possessed a more complex causal belief and hence considered a greater amount of information in causal attribution than did students in other majors. More important, such a complex causal belief increased with the length of training in Oriental medicine. Implications and future research are discussed.
Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis: a comprehensive review.

Massive hemoptysis is one of the most dreaded of all respiratory emergencies and can have a variety of underlying causes. In 90% of cases, the source of massive hemoptysis is the bronchial circulation. Diagnostic studies for massive hemoptysis include radiography, bronchoscopy, and computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Bronchoscopy and chest radiography have been considered the primary methods for the diagnosis and localization of hemoptysis. Many researchers currently suggest that CT should be performed prior to bronchoscopy in all cases of massive hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a safe and effective nonsurgical treatment for patients with massive hemoptysis. However, nonbronchial systemic arteries can be a significant source of massive hemoptysis and a cause of recurrence after successful BAE. Knowledge of the bronchial artery anatomy, together with an understanding of the pathophysiologic features of massive hemoptysis, are essential for planning and performing BAE in affected patients. In addition, interventional radiologists should be familiar with the techniques, results, and possible complications of BAE and with the characteristics of the various embolic agents used in the procedure.
The male role, alcohol use, and alcohol problems: A structural modeling examination in adult women and men.

Most research on sex differences in alcohol involvement suggests that drinking is a component of the male gender role, but the impact of specific male role factors on alcohol involvement has not yet been studied. The authors used structural modeling to examine the relationships among 3 male role variables (agency, traditional male role attitudes, and masculine gender role stress), alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems in a sample of women and men. To determine whether sex moderates this relationship, models were computed separately for men and women. For men, traditional attitudes led to more alcohol consumption, whereas agentic traits protected them from experiencing alcohol-related problems, and experiencing masculine gender role stress was a risk factor for these problems. Male role variables were unrelated to women's alcohol consumption, but women who believed more in the traditional role of men suffered from more alcohol-related problems. Discussion centers on the contribution of components of the male role on alcohol outcomes as well as the different implications for men and women.
Antioxidant Treatment Prevents Renal Damage and Dysfunction and Reduces Arterial Pressure in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats on a high-sodium intake contributes to the progression of renal damage, the decreases in renal hemodynamics, and the development of hypertension. We specifically studied whether antioxidant therapy, using vitamins C and E, could help prevent renal damage and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow reductions and attenuate the increases in arterial pressure. Thirty-three 7- to 8-week old Dahl SS/Rapp strain rats were placed on either a high-sodium (8%) or a low-sodium (0.3%) diet with or without vitamin E (111 IU/d) in the food and 98 mg/d vitamin C in the drinking water for 5 weeks. Rats were equipped with indwelling arterial and venous catheters at day 21. By day 35 in the rats with high-sodium diet, vitamin C and E treatment significantly decreased renal cortical and medullary &OV0151; release, mean arterial pressure, urinary protein excretion, glomerular necrosis, and renal tubulointerstitial damage. At this time, GFR significantly decreased in the high-sodium diet group (1.6±0.2 mL/min) when compared with either the high-sodium plus vitamins C and E (2.9±0.2 mL/min) or the low-sodium diet group (2.9±0.3 mL/min). In SS rats on high-sodium diet, renal plasma flow decreased 40%, and this reduced flow was restored by vitamin treatment. In Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension, increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the renal damage, decreases in renal hemodynamics, and increases in arterial pressure that occur. Antioxidant treatment with vitamins C and E improves renal dysfunction, lessens renal injury, and decreases arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension.
The golden ties that bind: boundary crossing in diasporic Hindu wedding ritual

The interpretive research in this article goes beyond considering how diasporic consumers cross borders between home and host cultures, to examine how they cross boundaries within their home culture. In keeping with ethno-consumerism, the authors utilize Hindu meaning categories of sacredness, purity, and auspiciousness to examine the wedding ritual among diasporic Hindus. The authors unpack the transformation of outsider fiancées into insider daughters to show how gold is employed to separate, link, and cross boundaries in extended families. This article demonstrates the agency of the relationships between the gold and its givers, in collectively co-creating an aesthetic subject who is a visual representation of a daughter embedded into the collective self of the extended family. In doing so, the authors demonstrate how diasporic Hindus utilize the cultural code of gold to shape and reaffirm collective identity.
Social networks and team performance

This paper investigates the association between team constraint and team performance. Constraint is a quantitative measure describing the pattern of connections between contacts in personal network. Team members do not leave the relationships they have with other people behind when they act as part of a team. This paper looks at one way in which the pattern of connections that team members have in their personal networks affects the performance of the team. There are 15 process improvement teams from the same company in the sample. The results from this study provide some evidence that personal networks are important to team performance, strengthening the assertion that differences in social networks do explain performance variations.
Sustaining Inner And Outer Worlds: A Whole-Systems Approach To Developing Sustainable Business Practices In Management

Sustainability issues are not just “out there” in the external environment. In approaching the issue of sustainability, students benefit from questioning what is it that sustains their own lives, the lives of those they care about, and the organizations in which they work. If encouraged to do this, students become better systems thinkers as they link their external and internal worlds. This article presents some clarification of the concept and practices associated with sustainable development and describes numerous class exercises to help management students move sustainable development into their own sphere of attention and practice.
Hormonal changes and catabolic/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure and their importance for cardiac cachexia.

BACKGROUND The role of hormonal and cytokine abnormalities in the development of cardiac cachexia remains obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy control subjects (n=16) and patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), classified clinically as cachectic (8% to 35% weight loss over > or = 6 months before study, n=16) or noncachectic (n=37), were assessed for markers of disease severity (maximal oxygen consumption, left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA functional class). These markers were compared with plasma concentrations of potentially important anabolic and catabolic factors. The degree of neurohormonal activation and catabolic/anabolic imbalance was closely related to wasting but not to conventional measures of the severity of heart failure. Compared with control subjects and noncachectic patients, cachectic patients had reduced plasma sodium and increased norepinephrine, epinephrine (all P<.0001), cortisol, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (both P<.002), and human growth hormone (P<.05). Insulin-like growth factor-1, testosterone, and estrogen were similar in all groups. Insulin was increased only in the noncachectic patients (P<.005 versus control subjects). Dehydroepiandrosterone was reduced in the cachectic patients (P<.02 versus control subjects). Insulin, cortisol, TNF-alpha, and norepinephrine correlated independently with wasting in CHF (P<.05; multiple regression of these four factors versus percent ideal weight, R2=.50, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Cachexia is more closely associated with hormonal changes in CHF than conventional measures of the severity of CHF. This study suggests that the syndrome of heart failure progresses to cardiac cachexia if the normal metabolic balance between catabolism and anabolism is altered.
Voltage‐dependent and calcium‐activated ion channels in the human mast cell line HMC‐1

The mechanisms underlying the recruitment, differentiation, and sustained activation of mast cells in disease are likely to include modulation of ion channels. Specific Ca2+, K+, and Cl− conductances have been identified in rodent mast cells, but there are no equivalent data on human mast cells. We have used the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique to characterize macroscopic ion currents in both the human mast cell line HMC‐1 and human skin mast cells (HSMCs) at rest and in HMC‐1 after activation with calcium ionophore. HSMCs were electrically silent at rest. In contrast, HMC‐1 expressed a strong outwardly rectifying voltage‐dependent Cl− conductance characteristic of ClC‐4 or ClC‐5 and a small inwardly rectifying K+ current not carried by the classical Kir family of K+ channels. Calcium ionophore induced the appearance of outwardly rectifying Ca2+‐activated Cl− and K+ currents, while hypotonicity induced another outwardly rectifying conductance typical of ClC‐3. Reverse transcription‐PCRs confirmed that mRNAs for the voltage‐dependent Cl− channels ClC‐3 and –5 were expressed. This is the first definitive description of a ClC‐4/5‐like current in a native leukocyte. We suggest that this current may contribute to the malignant phenotype while the Ca2+‐activated K+ and Cl− currents may be involved in cell activation.
Stability of Spiky Solutions in a Competition Model with Cross-Diffusion

We consider the Shigesada–Kawasaki–Teramoto model of species segregation in the limit of high cross-diffusion rate of one species, and small diffusion rate of another. Recently, steady states in the shape of an inverted spike were constructed in this limit in one dimension [Y. Lou, W. -M. Ni, and S. Yotsutani, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. , 10 (2004), pp. 435–458; Y. Wu and Q. Xu, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. , 29 (2011), pp. 367–385]. In this paper we consider the stability properties of such spiky states. We show that K symmetric spikes are stable if the domain length is sufficiently large. More precisely, we derive a sequence of thresholds $0=L_1 L_K$. When $K=2$, the instability of a small eigenvalue is triggered first, resulting in a very slow drift of the two spikes, with eventual absorption of one by the other. When $K\geq3$, the primary instability is due to a large eigenvalue, resulting in a quick death .
Improving Diabetes Care and Health Measures Among Hispanics Using Community Health Workers

The increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity, growing health disparities, and shortage of bilingual and culturally trained health care professionals underscore the role of trained community health workers (CHWs) to provide economically sustainable and culturally relevant services. This prospective randomized design evaluated the relative effectiveness of a CHW intervention among Hispanic persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, as compared with usual clinic practice in three inner-city health centers. In sum, 189 Hispanic patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of three 6-month diabetes management approaches—CHW, case management, and standard provider care—and assessed for diabetes-related health measures and clinical indicators at baseline and postintervention. Participants in the CHW group achieved greater improvements than did the controls in program measures: health status, emergency department utilization, dietary habits, physical activity, and medication adherence. They also had 2.9 times greater odds of decreasing body mass index.
Direct and mediated effects of product modularity on development time and product performance

Abstract - Product modularity is considered a crucial driver for the improvement of new product development (NPD) performance, in terms of NPD time and product performance. However, quantitative studies demonstrating these links are scant, and some authors have expressed various doubts on whether a clear relationship between NPD time or product performance and modularity always exists. This paper analyzes the impact of product modularity on these performance dimensions, and the mediating effect of supplier involvement in NPD on “modularity- NPD time” and “modularity-product performance” relationships. Data from a sample of 201 manufacturing plants settled in several countries around the world demonstrate that the impact of product modularity is partially mediated by the involvement of suppliers in NPD. The practical implication for managers is that to fully exploit product modularity benefits, it is opportune to combine modularity with supplier integration practices.
The Dissatisfaction of Having Your First Offer Accepted: The Role of Counterfactual Thinking in Negotiations

In this article, the authors explore the role of individuals’ counterfactual thoughts in determining their satisfaction with negotiated outcomes. When negotiators’ first offers are immediately accepted, negotiators are more likely to generate counterfactual thoughts about how they could have done better and therefore are less likely to be satisfied with the agreement than are negotiators whose offers are not accepted immediately. This reduction in satisfaction emerged even when the objective outcomes of negotiators whose first offers were immediately accepted were equal to or better than the outcomes of negotiators whose first offers were not immediately accepted. Evidence for a disconnect between objective outcomes and evaluations emerged in two scenario experiments and a simulated negotiation. The final experiment explored the functional and dysfunctional consequences of counterfactual activation following the immediate acceptance of first offers. Upward counterfactual thoughts were positively related to the amount of preparation for a subsequent negotiation; on the other hand, upward counterfactual thoughts were negatively correlated with the likelihood of making future first offers.
The forgotten variable in conformity research: Impact of task importance on social influence.

Two studies examined how incentives for accuracy (task importance) affected the social influence of inaccurate confederates in a modified Asch situation (S. E. Asch, 1951). Not unexpectedly, when task difficulty was low, incentives for accuracy reduced the social impact of( inaccurate) confederates (Study 1 ). However, when task difficulty was increased, the reverse was true, with individuals conforming more to an inaccurate confederate norm when incentives for accuracy were high ( Studies 1 and 2). The results are discussed in terms of possible mediating mechanisms and also in terms of their historical and pragmatic implications.
Talla at SemEval-2017 Task 3: Identifying Similar Questions Through Paraphrase Detection

This paper describes our approach to the SemEval-2017 shared task of determining question-question similarity in a community question-answering setting (Task 3B). We extracted both syntactic and semantic similarity features between candidate questions, performed pairwise-preference learning to optimize for ranking order, and then trained a random forest classifier to predict whether the candidate questions are paraphrases of each other. This approach achieved a MAP of 45.7% out of max achievable 67.0% on the test set.
A New Data Transmission Strategy in Mobile D2D Networks—Deterministic, Greedy, or Planned Opportunistic Routing?

In this paper, we study the problem of delay-constrained data transmission in mobile opportunistic device-to-device networks. In contrast to the deterministic or greedy single-copy single-path (SCSP) and multicopy multipath (MCMP) routing schemes that have been discussed in the literature, we develop a planned opportunistic routing scheme that aims to determine the optimal single-copy multipath (SCMP) transmission strategy that satisfies the delay requirement and, at the same time, minimizes communication cost. We first address the unicast by formulating the optimization problem and developing a distributed routing algorithm under practical network settings. Then, we explore optimal multicast strategies based on the SCMP transmissions. We implement the proposed algorithms on Android tablets and carry out extensive experiments, each with 25 nodes, for a period of two weeks. Moreover, we extract the algorithm codes from our prototype and run simulations based on the Haggle trace to study performance trends under various network settings. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed protocols achieve significant performance gain in comparison with their counterparts based on SCSP and MCMP transmissions.
How Simple is the Simple View of Reading?

According to the Simple View of Reading, reading ability can be divided into decoding and language comprehension. In the present study, decoding and comprehension's contribution to reading ability was studied both in children with reading difficulties and in children with typical reading ability. Decoding and comprehension was further divided into sub-components, and the contribution from non-verbal ability and general processing speed was also studied. The results demonstrated that decoding made the largest contribution to reading ability for children with reading difficulties, while language comprehension contributed the most for children with typical reading ability. The contribution of non-verbal ability was not significant, and general processing speed only made a significant contribution to decoding for typical children. The two factors in the Simple View of Reading, decoding and comprehension, together explained less of the variance in reading ability for children with reading difficulties than for children with typical reading ability.
Assessing the Impact of a Multiyear Marriage Education Program

This study measured marital satisfaction of low-income couples in a Western state following participation in the Building Healthy Marriages program, which aimed to educate couples and increase relationship satisfaction. The researchers’ goals were the following: To determine the areas in which participants experienced the greatest number of problems before entering the program, to assess the program’s impact on marital satisfaction, and to examine the differences in program impact between various demographic groups. To assess the program’s impact, participants were administered the Marital Satisfaction Inventory–Revised before beginning the program and 1 year after completing the pretest. Before starting the program, couples experienced the greatest number of challenges in relationships within their families of origin and problem-solving communication and the fewest problems in areas related to their children. Couples reported significant improvements in marital satisfaction. These changes did not differ significantly between different gender and ethnicity groups.
EMPLOYEE SILENCE ON CRITICAL WORK ISSUES: THE CROSS LEVEL EFFECTS OF PROCEDURAL JUSTICE CLIMATE

This study examined the cross-level effects of procedural justice climate on employee silence—that is, the intentional withholding of critical work-related information by employees from their workgroup members. In a survey-based study of 606 nurses nested within 30 workgroups, we found that procedural justice climate moderated the effects of individual-level antecedents of employee silence. Specifically, when procedural justice climate was higher, the effects of antecedents that inhibit employee silence (e.g., workgroup identification, professional commitment) were stronger. Implications for research and practice are discussed.