Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Griffith University Affective Learning Scale (GUALS): A tool for assessing affective learning in health professional students’ reflective journals

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background Assessment of health students’ attainment of cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes is achieved through the application of well-established methods. However, for learning in the affective domain, which, in the health professions, is closely associated with the development of ‘professionalism’, assessment remains challenging as there is a dearth of validated, reliable and practical tools available. The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability of an instrument assess for evidence of affective learning in the reflective journals of health professional students who have participated in emotionally-impactive learning experiences. Method Based on the findings of our earlier published work on the assessment of affective learning ( Rogers, Mey & Chan, 2017), we developed a practical tool known as the Griffith University Affective Learning Scale (GUALS). We trained a pool of learning facilitators in the assessment of affective learning and the use of the instrument. Two facilitators, in parallel, independently graded each of the daily journals of 26 medical students undertaking a week-long immersive simulation activity. Assessors were asked to rate the highest level of affective learning evident in each journal. Statistical analysis explored score distribution, means and inter-rater differences. Results One hundred and twenty-five journal entries (five from each of 25 students - one selected student had missing journals and was thus excluded from the analysis) were rated by a total of seven trained facilitators. Scores were normally distributed, with a mean of 4.23 (SD = 1.10) on a seven-point scale. Inter-rater absolute score concordance was seen for 45.6% of the journals, with a mean inter-rater difference of 0.56 points, maximum difference of 2.00 points and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.86 (95% Cl: 0.80 - 0.90). Conclusions GUALS, when utilised by trained assessors, appears to be a reliable tool to assess for evidence of affective learning in medical students’ journals related to emotionally-impactive simulated clinical experiences. Further research should explore its utilisation in relation to other learning experiences such as real clinical setting encounters, as well as with students from other health professions and in other settings where the assessment of affective learning is important.
SERIES Service Quality and its Impact on Word-of-Mouth Communication in Higher Education

Research relating to service quality is increasingly focused on understand and evaluating the outcomes of delivering a high quality service. In principle, the benefits of service quality include loyalty, retention, positive word-of-mouth and improved profitability. While there is a growing body of evidence which points to the existence of such benefits, it is clear that the relationship between service quality and its various outcomes varies across industry sectors. This paper presents the findings of a study of service quality in higher education, a context in which the relevance of many of the outcomes listed above is questionable. To accommodate the context, the study focuses on service quality and word of mouth and highlights the positive relationship between both process and outcome aspects of quality and willingness to recommend.
The Impact of Overnight Periods on Option Pricing

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of closed overnight exchanges on option prices. During the trading day, asset prices follow the literature's standard affine model that allows for stochastic volatility and random jumps. Independently, the overnight asset price process is modeled by a single jump. We find that the overnight component reduces the variation in the random jump process significantly. However, neither the random jumps nor the overnight jumps alone are able to empirically describe all features of option prices. We conclude that both random jumps during the day and overnight jumps are important in explaining option prices, where the latter account for about one quarter of total jump risk.
Comparative split-mouth study of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 0.5% bupivacaine in impacted mandibular third molar extraction

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of articaine at 4% (epinephrine 1:100,000) with bupivacaine at 0.5% (epinephrine 1:200,000) for surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Study Design: This was a randomized, double blind, split-mouth, clinical trial. Thirty-six patients took part and underwent extraction of 72 lower third molars. The variables studied were: anesthetic latency time, intra-operative bleeding, anesthetic quality, hemodynamic changes during the surgical intervention, anesthetic duration in the soft tissues, post-operative analgesia and post-operative pain at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours using a visual analogue scale, as well as any need for additional rescue medication. Results: Latency time was 2.0 minutes for articaine and 3.1 minutes for bupivacaine, with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Bleeding was greater when bupivacaine was used (p<0.05) and anesthetic quality was greater with articaine (p<0.05). The duration of soft tissue anesthesia was longer with bupivacaine (p<0.05). Differences in post-operative analgesia, haemodynamic changes, post-operative pain and the quantity of rescue medication consumed were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Articaine showed greater clinical efficacy than bupivacaine, reducing latency time, bleeding, anesthetic duration in the soft tissues and achieving higher anesthetic quality, requiring less reinforcement during surgery than bupivacaine. Key words:Articaine, bupivacaine, anesthetic efficacy, impacted mandibular third molar.
What Type of Process Underlies Options ?

We develop a simple robust test for the presence of continuous and discontinuous (jump) components in the price of an asset underlying an option. Our test examines the prices of at-the-money and out-of-the-money options as the option maturity approaches zero. We show that these prices converge to zero at speeds which depend upon whether the sample path of the underlying asset price process is purely continuous, purely discontinuous, or a mixture of both. By applying the test to S&P 500 index options data, we conclude that the sample path behavior of this index contains both a continuous component and a jump component. In particular, we find that while the presence of the jump component varies strongly over time, the presence of the continuous component is constantly felt. We investigate the implications of the evidence for parametric model specifications. JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES: G12, G13, C52.
The Effect of Personal and Academic Variables on Student Adoption of Twitter as an Information Source

ABSTRACT This study investigated the use of Twitter in terms of personal and academic variables of students. These included gender, grade point average (GPA), and year level. Data were collected from undergraduate students at the College of Social Sciences at Kuwait University. A structured questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. The findings show that the majority of respondents use social media, 42.8% use Twitter “sometimes,” and 44.4% use it “always. ” There is no significant difference between males and females, except for social influence (SI). There is a statistically significant difference in the use of Twitter as an information source among students for different academic year levels, with the highest mean for senior students. However, no significant differences were found by students' GPA scores. Further investigation focusing on variables such as students' level of confidence and skills of using Twitter, such as the effect of course content, etc., would provide more insight into the use of social media platforms in higher education.
Comparison of the neural correlates of retrieval success in tests of cued recall and recognition memory

The neural correlates of successful retrieval on tests of word stem recall and recognition memory were compared. In the recall test, subjects viewed word stems, half of which were associated with studied items and half with unstudied items, and for each stem attempted to recall a corresponding study word. In the recognition test, old/new judgments were made on old and new words. The neural correlates of successful retrieval were identified by contrasting activity elicited by correctly endorsed test items. Old > new effects common to the two tasks were found in medial and lateral parietal and right entorhinal cortex. Common new > old effects were identified in medial and left frontal cortex, and left anterior intra‐parietal sulcus. Greater old > new effects were evident for cued recall in inferior parietal regions abutting those demonstrating common effects, whereas larger new > old effects were found for recall in left frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate. New > old effects were also found for the recall task in right lateral anterior prefrontal cortex, where they were accompanied by old > new effects during recognition. It is concluded that successful recall and recognition are associated with enhanced activity in a common set of recollection‐sensitive parietal regions, and that the greater activation in these regions during recall reflects the greater dependence of that task on recollection. Larger new > old effects during recall are interpreted as reflections of the greater opportunity for iterative retrieval attempts when retrieval cues are partial rather than copy cues. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motion design of an interactive small humanoid robot with visual illusion

We propose a method that enables users to convey nonverbal information, especially their gestures, through portable robot avatar based on illusory motion. The illusory motion of head nodding is realized with blinking lights for a human-like mobile phone called Elfoid. Two blinking patterns of LEDs are designed based on biological motion and illusory motion from shadows. The patterns are compared to select an appropriate pattern for the illusion of motion in terms of the naturalness of movements and quick perception. The result shows that illusory motions show better performance than biological motion. We also test whether the illusory motion of head nodding provides a positive effect compared with just blinking lights. In experiments, subjects, who are engaged in role-playing game, are asked to complain to Elfoids about their unpleasant situation. The results show that the subject frustration is eased by Elfoid's illusory head nodding.
Postmastectomy Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used in locally advanced breast cancer (BC) treatment. The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) after NAC is strongly debated. The aim of our analysis was to identify major prognostic factors in a single-center series, with emphasis on PMRT. From 1997 to 2011, 170 patients were treated with NAC and mastectomy at our center; 98 cases (57.6%) underwent PMRT and 72 cases (42.4%) did not receive radiation. At a median follow-up period of 7.7 years (range 2–16) for the whole cohort, median time to locoregional recurrence (LRR) was 3.3 years (range 0.7–12.4). The 5-year and 10-year actuarial LRR rate were 14.5% and 15.9%, respectively. At the multivariate analysis the factors that significantly correlated with survival outcome were ≥4 positive nodes (HR 5.0, 1.51–16.52; P = 0.035), extracapsular extension (HR 2.18, 1.37–3.46; P = 0.009), and estrogen receptor positive disease (HR 0.57, 0.36–0.90; P = 0.003). Concerning LRR according to use of radiation, PMRT reduced LRR for patient with clinical T3 staged disease (P = 0.015). Our experience confirmed the impact of pathological nodal involvement on survival outcome. PMRT was found to improve local control in patients presenting with clinical T3 tumors, regardless of the response to chemotherapy.
2 0 Fe b 20 01 Layer Formation in Semiconvection

Layer formation in a thermally destabilized fluid with stable density gradient has been observed in laboratory experiments and has been proposed as a mechanism for mixing molecular weight in late stages of stellar evolution in regions which are unstable to semiconvection. It is not yet known whether such layers can exist in a very low viscosity fluid: this work undertakes to address that question. Layering is simulated numerically both at high Prandtl number (relevant to the laboratory) in order to describe the onset of layering intability, and the astrophysically important case of low Prandtl number. It is argued that the critical stability parameter for interfaces between layers, the Richardson number, increases with decreasing Prandtl number. Throughout the simulations the fluid has a tendency to form large scale flows in the first convecting layer, but only at low Prandtl number do such structures have dramatic consequences for layering. These flows are shown to drive large interfacial waves whose breaking contributes to significant mixing across the interface. An effective diffusion coefficient is determined from the simulation and is shown to be much greater than the predictions of both an enhanced diffusion model and one which specifically incorporates wave breaking. The results further suggest that molecular weight gradient interfaces are ineffective barriers to mixing even when specified as initial conditions, such as would arise when a compositional gradient is redistributed by another mechanism than buoyancy, such as rotation or internal waves.
Reconciling Satisfaction, Emotions, Attitudes, and Ambivalence within Consumer Models of Judgment and Decision Making: A Cautionary Tale

This study asserts that Marketers have yet to realize a full understanding of how satisfaction and attitudes work together to influence consumer decision making within such models, particularly in the presence of consumer ambivalence. A theoretical model of consumer JDM is first proposed that purports to reconcile emerging attitudinal models of goal-directed behaviors with satisfaction theory in a manner that helps clarify the unique roles of attitudes and satisfaction as well as accommodates the phenomenon of ambivalence. Marketing's traditional perspective suggests an assumption of sequential emotions which implies that consumption-related emotions must be either positive or negative.
Major shift in bacterioplankton utilization of enantiomeric amino acids between surface
waters and the ocean's interior

The peptidoglycan layer of the bacterioplankton cell wall contains four major amino acids (alanine, Ala; serine, Ser; aspartic acid, Asp; and glutamic acid, Glu) in a characteristic enantiomeric ratio (D/L ratio). It is assumed that bacterioplankton are the only biological source of significance for these four specific D‐amino acid species in the ocean. The concentrations of these dissolved total enantiomeric amino acids were measured throughout the water column of the Faroe Shetland Channel (North Atlantic). Concurrently, the uptake of D‐ versus L‐Asp and of L‐leucine (as a measure of bacterial production) by bacterioplankton was determined. The D/L ratios of the dissolved total Ala, Asp, Glu, and Ser did not exhibit any particular trend with depth, averaging 0.49 for Ala, 0.42 for Asp, 0.15 for Glu, and 0.09 for Ser. The ratio of D‐/L‐Asp uptake by bacteria, however, increased from surface (D‐/LAsp uptake ratio of ~0.03) to deeper layers reaching a D‐/L‐Asp uptake ratio of close to 1 at 1,000 m depth, indicating that mesopelagic bacteria utilize D‐Asp almost as efficiently as L‐Asp. Subsequent laboratory experiments with surface‐water bacterioplankton assemblages incubated in nutrient‐amended artificial seawater confirmed that bacterioplankton, in the absence of other utilizable organic carbon, efficiently utilize D‐amino acids. In these laboratory experiments, the D‐/L‐Asp uptake ratio increased within 8 d to values similar to those obtained for mesopelagic bacteria. Furthermore, the presence of flagellates stimulated the uptake of D‐Asp probably via enhanced release of D‐amino acids during bacterivory. Thus, our results indicate that dissolved D‐amino acids might be an important substrate for mesopelagic bacterioplankton. The efficient uptake of D‐amino acids in the deeper layers of the ocean might indicate that mesopelagic bacterioplankton are utilizing bacterial cell wall‐derived organic matter efficiently.
Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in normal sheep.

PURPOSE To determine whether the ovine eye develops elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in response to corticosteroid applied topically. METHODS IOP was monitored by Perkins applanation tonometry in a group of 18 sheep receiving topically administered 0.5% prednisolone acetate in one eye (experimental), three times daily, for a period of 3 or four 4 weeks after the establishment of baseline IOP values. Perkins readings were converted to actual mm Hg using a calibration curve derived from in vivo manometric measurements. IOP was monitored for an additional 1 to 3 weeks after discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment. RESULTS Baseline IOP in normal sheep was 10.6+/-1.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD; n=36 eyes). The IOP of the experimental eyes began to increase after 1 week of prednisolone treatment in all sheep and reached a peak 1 week later (27.5 mm Hg experimental vs. 11.7 mm Hg fellow, control eye; P<0.001). After the discontinuation of corticosteroid instillation, the IOP of the treated eyes declined to the baseline values over the course of 1 to 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Ovine eyes exhibit a robust steroid-induced ocular hypertensive response, with 100% occurrence in this trial. The mechanisms of steroid-induced glaucoma may be related to those involved in primary open-angle glaucoma and could provide insight into primary open-angle and clues to its treatment.
High-Level Coordination Abstractions in Stock LanguagesCIS TR 969

ion is a fundamental concept in software engineering. In this paper, we describe a class of abstractions that can simplify the construction of concurrent software, we call them coordination abstractions. Coordination abstractions capture communication, synchronization and topological information about concurrent computations. In the same way that a data abstraction hides the details of a type's implementation, a coordination abstraction hides the details of the coordination activities that are inherent in a concurrent computation. Coordination abstractions are diierent than other, more well known abstractions, but we contend that features in existing languages are suucient for building useful, eecient coordination abstractions. We evaluate this hypothesis by constructing and applying selected coordination abstractions in selected mainstream programming languages.
The degraded Gaussian diamond-wiretap channel

In this paper, we present nontrivial upper and lower bounds on the secrecy capacity of the degraded Gaussian diamond-wiretap channel and identify several ranges of channel parameters where these bounds coincide with useful intuitions. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of the presence of an eavesdropper on the capacity. We consider the following two scenarios regarding the availability of randomness: 1) a common randomness is available at the source and the two relays and 2) a randomness is available only at the source and there is no available randomness at the relays. We obtain the upper bound by taking into account the correlation between the two relay signals and the availability of randomness at each encoder. For the lower bound, we propose two types of coding schemes: 1) a decode-and-forward scheme where the relays cooperatively transmit the message and the fictitious message and 2) a partial DF scheme incorporated with multicoding in which each relay sends an independent partial message and the whole or partial fictitious message using dependent codewords.
AN ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATING CULTURAL WORDS AND THEIR MEANING SHIFT FOUND IN THE INDONESIAN NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI

This research deals with the cultural words found in the Indonesian novel Laskar Pelangi written by Andrea Hirata, and its translation, The Rainbow Troops by Angie Kilbane. The aim of this research is to find out the procedures which are used in translating the cultural words and to identify the shift in meaning that occurs in translating the cultural words. The research is conducted following the steps proposed by Sudaryanto (1993). In collecting the data, the writer applied ‘’non- participant observational method” and “note- taking” technique. The writer analyzed using translation identity method (Sudaryanto, 1993:13). Translation identity method is a method used to analyze the translation of one language into another language. The writer applies the formal and informal method to present the result of analysis (Sudaryanto, 1988). In analyzing the data, the theory used are from Newmark (1988), Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Catford (1974) and supported by Baker’s (1992) and Larson’s (1984). The results indicate that there are four categories of cultural words found in novel Laskar Pelangi. The categories are ecology, material culture, social culture, organization, customs, activities, procedures and concept. Then, in translating the cultural words, the translator tend to use cultural equivalence procedure in the translation. Afterwards, there are seven cultural words shifted in meaning in the translation. Keywords: cultural word, meaning shift