Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Go Ahead-Kill Yourself ": A Look at Parent-Child Communication Among African-American

This thesis looks at parental communication styles specifically among African Americans. It seeks to determine how adult children of African American's categorize their parents' communication style and consequently if this style is related to their current self esteem status. To study these concepts, an analysis of current parental communication theories was done. Additionally, research data was collected through observation, questionnaires and interviews. While the research results tenuously suggest that there may be a preferred style of parental communication among African Americans and that there could be a relationship between this and the selfidentified self esteem of their children, it more significantly indicates that this area of study deserves to be research and examined more widely and closely.
Video Consumption Patterns for First Time Smartphone Users: Community Health Workers in Lesotho

There is already strong evidence that mobile videos are a good vehicle for public health information dissemination, but there remain open questions around sustainability, appropriate target users, consumption patterns, content, and usage models. We analyse log and interview data of 42 community health workers (who were first time smartphone users) from a longitudinal 17-month deployment to better understand how the utility of mobile videos played out over time in rural Lesotho. During the study period, videos were viewed at an average of 170 times per month, for a total of 2898 views. Through this data we draw these primary findings: a) pausing is not contextually necessary, b) age is not a barrier to usage, c) the primary predictor of popularity of a given video is topical relevance and national campaigns, d) there is no apparent relationship between video length, popularity and completion rates, and e) new videos have only a short-lived novelty effect. Furthermore, we affirm that regular engagement with CHWs has an impact on continued usage, in addition to being important for reducing attrition due to technical issues.
Study of the validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale of teaching material utilization

The main purpose of this study is to develop a scale in order to detect the level of pre-service teachers’ utilization from teaching materials based on their perception of self-efficacy. The sample group is composed of 439 students for the first application and 215 students for the second. In order to detect the validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and item discriminations were conducted. To assess the reliability of the scale, level of internal consistency and the consistency level were calculated. As a result, it can be said that this scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in the measurement of self-efficacy perception levels of pre-service teachers’ utilization of teaching materials.
Reflexive Historical Sociology

This paper attempts to reassess the standard sociological canon and sketch the outlines of a new approach by bringing together a series of thinkers whose works so far have remained disconnected. Introducing a distinction between classics and background figures who were crucial sources of inspiration, it shifts emphasis to the late, reflexive works of Durkheim and Weber. These are sources for two types of reflexive sociology: historical and anthropological. The main background figures of reflexive historical sociology are Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Freud, while its protagonists include Foucault, Elias, Voegelin, Borkenau, Mumford, Ariès and Koselleck. A short introduction will be given to the four main fields of interest within the approach: the reconstructive histories of subjectivity, of forms of thought, of forms of knowledge, and of closed space and regulated time.
Psychology Models of Management Accounting

This review identifies subjective decision-making processes related to management accounting (MA) and uses these processes as a basis for organizing psychology-based research on MA. For each decision process we identify families of related psychology models that have supported robust theory-consistent empirical results. This MA literature addresses four main themes. First, individuals' subjective valuation of monetary payoffs often depends on frames (reference points) provided by MA, and frames can influence the use of MA information in decision making. Second, the subjective value of non-monetary (social) payoffs from sources such as fairness, honesty, reciprocity, social identity or affect influence and are influenced by individuals' MA-related decisions. Third, individuals' subjective models of MA-related decisions often incorporate predictable simplifications that influence and are influenced by MA. Fourth, MA can influence — sometimes bias or limit — individuals' learning, and learning influences MA, as individuals acquire parameter and variable values or the information to estimate them subjectively. We also identify two emerging themes and three gaps in the psychologybased MA literature.
Religion and the Well‐Being of Adolescents

A literature review of the relation between religiousness and adolescent well-being is presented, along with new analyses from a large adolescent data base. It is found that the average level of religiousness of U.S. adolescents has not declined recently, although it does appear to decrease on average across the years of adolescence. African Americans are more religious than whites, and girls are more religious than boys. Religiousness is positively associated with prosocial values and behavior, and negatively related to suicide ideation and attempts, substance abuse, premature sexual involvement, and delinquency. It is unrelated to self-esteem. These results are found to be robust after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The article concludes with policy suggestions for integrating religion's prosocial influences into larger societal programs.
Remembering Teachers in a Segregated School: Narratives of Womanist Pedagogy

The authors use womanist caring (Beauboeuf-Lafontant, 2002) as a framework for analyzing data from an oral history project of Douglass School, an all-Black school that existed in the small town of Parsons, Kansas, from 1908-1958. In-depth interviews were conducted with 55 former students who attended the school during the 1920s through when it closed in 1958. The alumni’s memories of their teachers were vivid, powerful, and resonated with the tenets of womanist caring. Although the school closed 50 years ago, we argue that Douglass teachers’ pedagogy has relevance for improving the educational outcomes of African American students in contemporary U.S. schools.
Risky residences: An exploratory study of sexual violence in university halls of residence

Sexual violence within university populations is a well-known problem, however relatively little is known about the experience of sexual violence among New Zealand university students. There is even less known about women‟s experiences of sexual violence occurring in university halls of residence. This thesis addresses this gap in knowledge and understanding. Influenced by feminist perspectives and adopting a qualitative framework, this research employed semi-structured face-to-face interviews with four victims/survivors of sexual violence in university halls, and six key informants who work with students living in student accommodation or at the wider university. This study found that sexual violence occurring in halls had devastating impacts for women, affecting their personal, emotional, social and academic worlds. Further, this study also found that women were unlikely to disclose through formal channels such as the Police, but disclosure to informal supports was common. As well as this, data suggested that responding to sexual violence in this context is complex, as the needs of both alleged victims and alleged perpetrators must be carefully balanced. This complexity has meant that current responses to sexual violence are in many ways reactive rather than proactive and need to be comprehensively developed to respond to the unique challenges provided within the university environment. The findings from this study support the development of robust sexual violence response processes and the widespread delivery of education about sexual violence among university students, as well as for those charged with managing students‟ welfare.
The Person Agreement System Of Wobzi Lavrung (Rgyalrongic, Tibeto-Burman)†

This article offers a description of the person agreement system of Wobzi Lavrung, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Sichuan, China. The Lavrung language is still imperfectly described, and the aim of this paper is to contribute to the documentation of one of its dialects. The analysis follows the terminology proposed in Dryer (1986), Haspelmath (2005), Zuniga (2006), and Malchukov et al. (2010). We discuss the inflectional affixes, the empathy hierarchy and the different types of transitive constructions in the language. Furthermore, the system under analysis is compared to related languages such as Rgyalrong and Rta'u.
Merlot Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Differences in Student Characteristics in Face-to-face and Online Cohorts in a Teacher Preparation Program in Education of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Over the past decade, teacher preparation programs in education of the deaf and hard of hearing have integrated online learning, but there have been few systematic attempts to determine to what extent, if any, this may be associated with a change in relevant student characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to compare student characteristics of the last four face-to-face and the first four hybrid (combined online and face-to-face) cohorts in a specialist-teacher preparation program that underwent a transition from face-to-face to hybrid formats. Relevant student characteristics, including gender, age, hearing status, teaching experience in general education, signing ability, motivation for entering the profession, and job obtained following graduation were examined for the two groups of students. Predominant findings revealed that the students in the hybrid option were slightly older, more likely to be parents, had more prior teaching experience in general education, were almost twice as likely to come from rural settings and one-third more likely to obtain a first job in a rural setting than students in the face-to-face format. In addition, the findings clarify the need to recruit students who are male, have fluent signing abilities, and/or are deaf or hard of hearing.
Affective Factors in Oral English Teaching and Learning

This article explores several affective factors which may facilitate or debilitate students’ oral English proficiency in college English teaching setting. Some strategies of teaching and learning are discussed and some affective methods in class and out of class are also introduced which can benefit activating the learners’ positive affectivity to improve their oral English proficiency.
Rewriting My Autobiography

The formation and recall of memories are fundamental aspects of life and help preserve the complex collection of experiences that provide us with a sense of identity and autonomy. Scientists have recently started to investigate pharmacological agents that inhibit or “dampen” the strength of memory formation and recall. The development of these memory-dampening agents has been investigated for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, these agents are being tested in multicenter clinical trials and will likely soon be approved for the treatment of PTSD. With advancements in technology, more targeted memory-dampening techniques may be developed in the future. Accessibility to these agents will inevitably affect one's sense of identity and also one's sense of autonomy. Therefore, it is essential that the legal and ethical implications of using these agents be examined for governments and courts to appropriately address issues that may emerge.
“It reminded me of what really matters”: teacher responses to the Lessons from Auschwitz Project

Since 2007, the Lessons from Auschwitz Project organised by the Holocaust Education Trust, has taken groups of Scottish senior school students (between 16 and 18 years) and where possible an accompanying teacher from their school, to Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum as part of a process of increasing young people’s knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust and racism. The Project comprises four components: an orientation session, the visit to the Museum, a follow-up session and a Next Steps initiative. The final component involves students designing and implementing projects in their school and community aimed at disseminating what they have learned. Previous published research has focused on the impact of the Lessons from Auschwitz Project on student participants. This research (funded by the Pears Foundation and the Holocaust Education Trust) investigates the impact the Lessons from Auschwitz Project has on teacher participants. The methodology was an online questionnaire, which was completed by 42 Scottish teachers who participated in the Lessons from Auschwitz Project in 2007. Findings indicate that the Lessons from Auschwitz Project influenced teachers at a personal and professional level and that this applied to teachers who considered their knowledge of the Holocaust and genocides to be substantial. In addition, teachers considered that the Project impacted their schools in a range of ways.
Effect of Ku80 Deficiency on Mutation Frequencies and Spectra at a LacZ Reporter Locus in Mouse Tissues and Cells

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is thought to be an important mechanism for preventing the adverse effects of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and its absence has been associated with premature aging. To investigate the effect of inactivated NHEJ on spontaneous mutation frequencies and spectra in vivo and in cultured cells, we crossed a Ku80-deficient mouse with mice harboring a lacZ-plasmid-based mutation reporter. We analyzed various organs and tissues, as well as cultured embryonic fibroblasts, for mutations at the lacZ locus. When comparing mutant with wild-type mice, we observed a significantly higher number of genome rearrangements in liver and spleen and a significantly lower number of point mutations in liver and brain. The reduced point mutation frequency was not due to a decrease in small deletion mutations thought to be a hallmark of NHEJ, but could be a consequence of increased cellular responses to unrepaired DSBs. Indeed, we found a substantial increase in persistent 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage foci in Ku80 −/− as compared to wild-type liver. Treatment of cultured Ku80-deficient or wild-type embryonic fibroblasts, either proliferating or quiescent, with hydrogen peroxide or bleomycin showed no differences in the number or type of induced genome rearrangements. However, after such treatment, Ku80-deficient cells did show an increased number of persistent DNA damage foci. These results indicate that Ku80-dependent repair of DNA damage is predominantly error-free with the effect of alternative more error-prone pathways creating genome rearrangements only detectable after extended periods of time, i.e., in young adult animals. The observed premature aging likely results from a combination of increased cellular senescence and an increased load of stable, genome rearrangements.
Enhanced Replication of R5 HIV-1 Over X4 HIV-1 in CD4+CCR5+CXCR4+ T Cells

To enter human cells, HIV-1 usually uses CD4 and 1 of 2 coreceptors: CCR5 and CXCR4. Interestingly, even though CCR5 is expressed on far fewer T cells than is CXCR4, many patients in early- and late-stage HIV disease maintain high levels of CCR5-tropic (R5) viruses. We hypothesized that such high R5 viral loads may be sustained because, relative to CXCR4-tropic (X4) HIV-1 infection, R5 HIV-1 infection of permissive CD4+CCR5+CXCR4+ T cells results in the production of significantly more infectious virus particles per target cell. To investigate this possibility, we compared the levels of virus production per target cell after isogenic R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection of 2 in vitro primary human lymphocyte culture systems: T-cell receptor-stimulated blood-derived CD4+ T cells and tonsil histoculture (which requires no exogenous stimulation for ex vivo infection). We provide evidence that R5 HIV-1 does indeed compensate for a small target cell population by producing, on average, 5 to 10 times more infectious virus per CCR5+ target cell than X4 HIV-1. This replicative advantage may contribute to the predominance of R5 HIV-1 in vivo.
Exploring the Long-Term Impact of Female Infertility

This exploratory study provides a greater understanding of the long-term impact of infertility on women. Interviews were conducted with 12 infertile women who are postmenopausal and who remained childless. The women were asked to reflect on their experience of infertility and childlessness. Findings provide a greater awareness of the long-term impact of infertility and childlessness, and offer implications for those in the helping professions who might come in contact with this population of women.
Understanding Energy Consumption at Work: Learning from Arrow Hill

Most work around technological interventions for energy conservation to date has focussed on changing individual behaviour. Hence, there is limited understanding of communal settings, such as office environments, as sites for intervention. Even when energy consumption in the workplace has been considered, the emphasis has typically been on the individual. To address this gap, we conducted a study of energy consumption and management in one workplace, based on a combination of workshops with a broad range of stakeholders, and quantitative data inspections. We report and discuss findings from this study, in light of prior literature, and we present a set of implications for design and further research. In particular, three themes, and associated intervention opportunities, emerged from our data: (1) energy wastage related to “errors”; (2) the role of company policies and the negotiation that surrounds their implementation; and (3) the bigger energy picture of procurement, construction and travel.
Gastrostomy placement and mortality among hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.

CONTEXT Although the use of feeding tubes among older individuals stirs considerable controversy, population-based descriptive data regarding patient outcomes are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries having gastrostomies placed and their associated mortality rates. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENTS Hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older discharged in 1991 following gastrostomy placement (excluding individuals in health maintenance organizations). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years following gastrostomy and characteristics of individuals undergoing gastrostomy placement. RESULTS In 1991, claims reflecting gastrostomy insertion were submitted for 81105 older Medicare beneficiaries following hospital discharge. The in-hospital mortality rate was 15.3%. Cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and aspiration pneumonia were the most common primary diagnoses. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.65%-24.2%), reaching 63.0% (95% CI, 62.7%-63.4%) at 1 year and 81.3% (95% CI, 81.0%-81.5%) by 3 years. One in 131 white and 1 in 58 black Medicare beneficiaries aged 85 years or older was discharged alive or deceased from a hospital in 1991 following gastrostomy placement. CONCLUSIONS Gastrostomies are frequently placed in older individuals and more often in blacks; mortality rates following placement are substantial.
A descent family of Dai–Liao conjugate gradient methods

Based on an eigenvalue study, a descent class of Dai–Liao conjugate gradient methods is proposed. An interesting feature of the proposed class is its inclusion of the efficient nonlinear conjugate gradient methods proposed by Hager and Zhang, and Dai and Kou, as special cases. It is shown that the methods of the suggested class are globally convergent for uniformly convex objective functions. Numerical results are reported, they demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods in the sense of the performance profile introduced by Dolan and Moré.
Polarized 3D: High-Quality Depth Sensing with Polarization Cues

Coarse depth maps can be enhanced by using the shape information from polarization cues. We propose a framework to combine surface normals from polarization (hereafter polarization normals) with an aligned depth map. Polarization normals have not been used for depth enhancement before. This is because polarization normals suffer from physics-based artifacts, such as azimuthal ambiguity, refractive distortion and fronto-parallel signal degradation. We propose a framework to overcome these key challenges, allowing the benefits of polarization to be used to enhance depth maps. Our results demonstrate improvement with respect to state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction techniques.
Surgical outcomes of patients with stage IA2 cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with stage IA2 cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy. Data for 58 patients who underwent modified radical hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy between January 2003 and December 2012 at Chiang Mai University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The analysis included clinico-pathological risk factors (nodal metastasis, parametrial involvement), adjuvant treatment, 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival. All pathologic slides were reviewed by a gynecologic pathologist. Follow-up methods included at least cervical cytology and colposcopy with directed biopsy if indicated. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with median survival. At the median follow up time of 73 months, the 5-year disease-free survival and the 5-year overall survival were 97.4% and 97.4%, respectively. Two (3.4%) patients had pelvic lymph node metastases. In a univariate analysis, there was no statistically significant association between survival and prognostic factors such as age, histological cell type, lymph-vascular space invasion, vaginal margin status and lymph node status. Surgical and survival outcomes of women with stage IA2 cervical cancer are excellent. No parametrial involvement was detected in our study. Patients with stage IA2 cervical cancer may be treated with simple or less radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.
Some psychological aspects of early second‐language acquisition

Abstract In this paper some results of a study of children's acquisition of foreign languages (in this particular case English) at an early school age will be discussed. The study on which the paper is based has been conducted in formal classroom situations with children aged eight being exposed to English for a couple of periods per week and being surrounded by the language and culture of their native country. Consequently, this is a case of foreign language learning rather than second language acquisition. The focus of the analysis is the motivation of the learners and the sources of difficulties during the learning process. The advantages of an early start with a foreign language are discussed: the familiarisation with the linguistic properties of the foreign idiom at an age when it is readily accepted; the beneficial effect upon the cognitive growth of the individual; and the prevention of the development of ethnocentric tendencies in later life. Since 1984 when the first generation of ‘early starters.