Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study to Investigate the Impact of the Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the Hepatitis C Virus Viral Load in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients

Changes in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load (VL) were assessed in a retrospective study of 50 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Most patients responded to HAART [during the first 6 months, plasma HIV VL fell by a mean 1.39 log10, becoming undetectable (<400 copies/ml) in 22% and CD4+ T cells increased by a mean of 100 cells/μl], but surprisingly, 27 (54%) showed some rise and 25 (50%) showed a significant increase in the HCV VL. This figure was considered to be a minimum estimate. A majority of the patients showed an increase of less than 1 log10 that was associated with a rapid decrease in the HIV VL, whereas an increase in the HCV VL of greater than 1 log10, noted in eight patients, was associated with a baseline CD4+ cell count of less than 200 cells/μl. The increase in the HCV VL was not associated with hepatitis as determined by raised alanine transferase.
Everyday Family and Community Life and Children's Naturally Occurring Learning Opportunities

National surveys of nearly 3300 parents (and other caregivers) of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with or at-risk for developmental delays were conducted to ascertain the sources of naturally occurring learning opportunities afforded young children in the context of family and community life. One group of parents completed a survey about family life as sources of learning opportunities (N = 1723), and another group completed a survey of community life as sources of learning opportunities (N = 1560). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both family and community life were each made up of 11 different categories of learning opportunities. Results indicate the 22 categories provide a framework for recognizing and identifying sources of learning opportunities providing children a rich array of experiences constituting natural learning environments.
Mindful-S.T.O.P.: Mindfulness Made Easy for Stress Reduction in Medical Students

Medical students in Malaysia face enormous amount of stress that can compromise their medical training. A brief group Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (bMBCT)/Mindful-Gym) programme has been developed to help medical students cope more effectively with stress. The intervention was found to be effective for reducing stress and increasing subjective well-being among medical students in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). One of the training methodologies used in the programme, ‘Mindful-S.T. O.P.,’ was particularly popular among the students. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept and application of this mindfulness-based psychological tool (Mindful-S.T.O.P.) for stress reduction in medical students.
Action of Molecular Switches in GPCRs - Theoretical and Experimental Studies

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also called 7TM receptors, form a huge superfamily of membrane proteins that, upon activation by extracellular agonists, pass the signal to the cell interior. Ligands can bind either to extracellular N-terminus and loops (e.g. glutamate receptors) or to the binding site within transmembrane helices (Rhodopsin-like family). They are all activated by agonists although a spontaneous auto-activation of an empty receptor can also be observed. Biochemical and crystallographic methods together with molecular dynamics simulations and other theoretical techniques provided models of the receptor activation based on the action of so-called “molecular switches” buried in the receptor structure. They are changed by agonists but also by inverse agonists evoking an ensemble of activation states leading toward different activation pathways. Switches discovered so far include the ionic lock switch, the 3-7 lock switch, the tyrosine toggle switch linked with the nPxxy motif in TM7, and the transmission switch. The latter one was proposed instead of the tryptophan rotamer toggle switch because no change of the rotamer was observed in structures of activated receptors. The global toggle switch suggested earlier consisting of a vertical rigid motion of TM6, seems also to be implausible based on the recent crystal structures of GPCRs with agonists. Theoretical and experimental methods (crystallography, NMR, specific spectroscopic methods like FRET/BRET but also single-molecule-force-spectroscopy) are currently used to study the effect of ligands on the receptor structure, location of stable structural segments/domains of GPCRs, and to answer the still open question on how ligands are binding: either via ensemble of conformational receptor states or rather via induced fit mechanisms. On the other hand the structural investigations of homo- and heterodimers and higher oligomers revealed the mechanism of allosteric signal transmission and receptor activation that could lead to design highly effective and selective allosteric or ago-allosteric drugs.
Performance evaluation of job schedulers on Hadoop YARN

To solve the limitation of Hadoop on scalability, resource sharing, and application support, the open‐source community proposes the next generation of Hadoop's compute platform called Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN) by separating resource management functions from the programming model. This separation enables various application types to run on YARN in parallel. To achieve fair resource sharing and high resource utilization, YARN provides the capacity scheduler and the fair scheduler. However, the performance impacts of the two schedulers are not clear when mixed applications run on a YARN cluster. Therefore, in this paper, we study four scheduling‐policy combinations (SPCs for short) derived from the two schedulers and then evaluate the four SPCs in extensive scenarios, which consider not only four application types, but also three different queue structures for organizing applications. The experimental results enable YARN managers to comprehend the influences of different SPCs and different queue structures on mixed applications. The results also help them to select a proper SPC and an appropriate queue structure to achieve better application execution performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High temperature injury and auxin biosynthesis in microsporogenesis

Plant reproductive development is more sensitive than vegetative growth to many environmental stresses. High temperature (HT) injury is becoming an increasingly serious problem due to recent global warming. In wheat, barley, and other crops, the early phase of anther development is most susceptible to HT. I and my colleagues recently demonstrated that HT causes cell proliferation arrest and represses auxin signaling in a tissue-specific manner in the anther cells of barley and Arabidopsis. HT also caused comprehensive alterations in transcription. The application of auxin at the same time blocked the transcriptional alterations, led to the production of normal pollen grains, and restored the normal seed setting rate under increasing temperatures. Although synthetic auxins have been used widely as potent and selective herbicides, these recent results indicate that auxin is useful for the promotion of fertility and maintenance of crop yields under the threat of global warming.
Deep band modulation and noise effects: Perception of phrases in adults

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the effect of deep band modulation on phrase perception in younger and older adult groups under different signal-to-noise ratios. Study design: A deep band modulation algorithm was used, which increases the modulation depth of the stimuli to reduce the effect of temporal deficits experienced by older adults. Fifteen listeners in each group of younger and older adults participated in the study. A repeated measures design was utilized to investigate the perception of unprocessed and deep band modulated phrases in different signal-to-noise ratios (–9, –7, –5, –3 and –1dB SNR) in the two groups. Results: The deep band modulated phrase perception was significantly better than the unprocessed phrase perception in all SNRs, both in younger and older adult groups. In addition, unprocessed phrase perception was significantly better in the younger adult group than the older adult group. Although deep band modulated phrase perception scores in the younger adult group were better than for the older adults on average, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the deep band modulated phrase perception scores from different SNRs in the older adult group were found to be close to the unprocessed phrase perception scores in the younger adult group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that deep band modulation may improve speech perception in noise in older adults.
Chemopreventive Effects of Bovine Lactoferrin on N‐Butyl‐N‐(4‐ hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine‐induced Rat Bladder Carcinogenesis

Chemopreventive effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLF), which is found at high concentrations in colostrum, on rat bladder carcinogenesis were investigated using a rat bladder medium‐term bioassay. In experiment 1, a total of 80 F344 male rats, 6 weeks old, were divided into 5 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with 0.05%N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in the drinking water for 8 weeks and after a 1‐week interval, received dietary supplementation with 2% and 0.2% bLF, respectively. Group 3 received 0.05% BBN for 8 weeks and then no treatment. Group 4 was administered 2% bLF alone from week 9, without prior carcinogen exposure. Group 5 was maintained without any treatment throughout the experiment. All rats were killed at the end of week 36. Group 1 demonstrated a significantly decreased multiplicity of the bladder tumors (carcinomas and papillomas) as compared with group 3, Maximum cut surface areas of bladder tumors were also significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3. No bladder tumors were observed in groups 4 or 5. In experiment 2, a total of 60 rats were divided into two groups (30 rats each); both were treated with 0.05% BBN for 4 weeks and after a 1‐week interval, one received 2% bLF (group 1) and the other, basal diet (group 2) for 4 weeks. Group 1 demonstrated a tendency for decrease of the 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index. bLF was detected in the urine of rats fed bLF by ELISA as well as western blot analysis. The findings indicate that 2% bLF can inhibit BBN‐induced rat bladder carcinogenesis, and that this may be due to bLF in the urine.
Aktywność fizyczna a zachowania żywieniowe dzieci i młodzieży powiatu ciechanowskiego

Wstep. Jednym z najwazniejszych czynnikow powodujących choroby cywilizacyjne jest zmniejszona aktywnośc ruchowa, siedzący tryb zycia oraz niekorzystne zachowania zywieniowe. Wśrod mlodziezy szkolnej rosnącym problemem zdrowotnym, bedącym konsekwencją malej aktywności fizycznej, są nadwaga i otylośc, ktore dotyczą 2,5-12% populacji w Polsce. Regularny wysilek fizyczny o odpowiedniej intensywności, czestotliwości i czasie trwania jest uwazany za istotny czynnik w profilaktyce otylości. Cel pracy. Poznanie aktywności fizycznej i zachowan zywieniowych oraz związku miedzy nimi wśrod dzieci i mlodziezy powiatu ciechanowskiego. Material i metody. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondazu diagnostycznego, techniką ankietowania wśrod 899 uczniow wybranych szkol podstawowych, gimnazjalnych i ponadgimnazjalnych w mieście i na wsi. Uzyskane wyniki badania ankietowego poddano analizie statystycznej oraz statystycznej weryfikacji hipotez. Wyniki. W badaniu wzielo udzial 457 chlopcow i 442 dziewczeta. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, ze 28% badanych prezentowalo przecietny poziom aktywności fizycznej, 22% zadowalający, 20% niski, a 16% niezadowalający. Najmniejszy odsetek (14%) charakteryzowal wysoki poziom aktywności. Wśrod respondentow 50% prezentowalo przecietne zachowania zywieniowe, az 30% niskie i 9% niezadowalające. Zadowalające zachowania stwierdzono u 10% badanych, a wysoki poziom zachowan zywieniowych dotyczyl tylko 1% ankietowanych. Istnieje istotny statystycznie związek (p Wnioski. Istnieje potrzeba uświadamiania dzieci i mlodziezy o wplywie korzystnych zachowan zywieniowych i aktywności fizycznej na zdrowie. Konieczne są rowniez dzialania zachecające dzieci i mlodziez do uprawiania sportu i aktywnego spedzania wolnego czasu. Problemy Pielegniarstwa 2010; 18 (2): 176-183
SIS 300 Fast-Cycling Superconducting Quadrupole Prototype

FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research), planned to be built at the site of GSI Darmstadt will include the 300 Tm fast-cycling heavy ion synchrotron SIS 300. In the frame of collaboration in FAIR project IHEP developed, produced and tested a prototype of SIS 300 fast cycling superconducting quadrupole. The main parameters of the quadrupole are 45 T/m central gradient, the gradient ramp rate of 10 T/m/s, the useful aperture of 105 mm, the coil inner diameter of 125 mm, 1 m length of the magnet. The one layer coil of the quadrupole is divided by three blocks and was wound by cored cable with 19 strands. The paper presents main characteristics of the magnet and results of its production and test.
1 LAND USE REGULATION AND PRODUCTIVITY – LAND MATTERS : EVIDENCE FROM A UK SUPERMARKET CHAIN 1

We use store-specific data for a UK supermarket chain to estimate the impact of planning on store output. Exploiting the variation in policies between England and other UK countries, we isolate the impact of Town Centre First (TCF) policies introduced in England. We find they directly reduced output by forcing stores onto less productive sites. We estimate TCF policies imposed a loss of output of 32 percent on a representative store opening after their rigorous implementation in 1996. Additionally, we show that, household numbers constant, more restrictive local authorities have fewer stores and lower chain sales within their areas. JEL codes: D2, L51, L81, R32.
Invertible Algebras with an augmentation map

We briefly survey results about Invertible Algebras (algebras having bases that consist entirely of units) and other related notions. In addition, we consider the existence of an augmentation map as a possible way in which results about group rings, the archetypical invertible algebras, may be extended to more general settings.
Development Trajectories in the Crisis in Europe

East European states are both those hardest and least hit by the present economic and financial crisis. The heterogeneous consequences of the crisis cannot be understood by focusing exclusively on the region. On the contrary, we analyse the developments against the background of the specific insertion of the region into broader European political-economic structures. Likewise, an analysis of the anti-crisis policies has to transcend the national and sub-regional borders and has to include the EU level. Policy responses to the crisis differ both within the European Union and between Central and Eastern European states. This article discerns the reasons for the differences in both the crisis processes and the policy responses. It does so from the perspective of the theory of regulation. This theory provides the conceptual apparatus to analyse specific national political-economic structures and their linkages within the European context.
Dwarf galaxy rotation curves and the core problem of dark matter haloes

ABSTRA C T The standard cold dark matter (CDM) model has recently been challenged by the claim that dwarf galaxies have dark matter haloes with constant-density cores, whereas CDM predicts haloes with steeply cusped density distributions. Consequently, numerous alternative dark matter candidates have recently been proposed. In this paper we scrutinize the observational evidence for the incongruity between dwarf galaxies and the CDM model. To this end, we analyse the rotation curves of 20 late-type dwarf galaxies studied by Swaters. Taking the effects of beam smearing and adiabatic contraction into account, we fit mass models to these rotation curves with dark matter haloes with different cusp slopes, ranging from constantdensity cores to r 22 cusps. Even though the effects of beam smearing are small for these data, the uncertainties in the stellar mass-to-light ratio and the limited spatial sampling of the halo’s density distribution hamper a unique mass decomposition. Consequently, the rotation curves in our sample cannot be used to discriminate between dark haloes with constant-density cores and r 21 cusps. We show that the dwarf galaxies analysed here are consistent with CDM haloes in a LCDM cosmology, and that there is thus no need to abandon the idea that dark matter is cold and collisionless. However, the data are also consistent with any alternative dark matter model that produces dark matter haloes with central cusps less steep than r 21.5 . In fact, we argue that based on existing H I rotation curves alone, at best weak limits can be obtained on cosmological parameters and/or the nature of the dark matter. In order to make progress, rotation curves with higher spatial resolution and independent measurements of the mass-to-light ratio of the disc are required.
Complexity of Murine Cardiomyocyte miRNA Biogenesis, Sequence Variant Expression and Function

microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical to heart development and disease. Emerging research indicates that regulated precursor processing can give rise to an unexpected diversity of miRNA variants. We subjected small RNA from murine HL-1 cardiomyocyte cells to next generation sequencing to investigate the relevance of such diversity to cardiac biology. ∼40 million tags were mapped to known miRNA hairpin sequences as deposited in miRBase version 16, calling 403 generic miRNAs as appreciably expressed. Hairpin arm bias broadly agreed with miRBase annotation, although 44 miR* were unexpectedly abundant (>20% of tags); conversely, 33 -5p/-3p annotated hairpins were asymmetrically expressed. Overall, variability was infrequent at the 5′ start but common at the 3′ end of miRNAs (5.2% and 52.3% of tags, respectively). Nevertheless, 105 miRNAs showed marked 5′ isomiR expression (>20% of tags). Among these was miR-133a, a miRNA with important cardiac functions, and we demonstrated differential mRNA targeting by two of its prevalent 5′ isomiRs. Analyses of miRNA termini and base-pairing patterns around Drosha and Dicer cleavage regions confirmed the known bias towards uridine at the 5′ most position of miRNAs, as well as supporting the thermodynamic asymmetry rule for miRNA strand selection and a role for local structural distortions in fine tuning miRNA processing. We further recorded appreciable expression of 5 novel miR*, 38 extreme variants and 8 antisense miRNAs. Analysis of genome-mapped tags revealed 147 novel candidate miRNAs. In summary, we revealed pronounced sequence diversity among cardiomyocyte miRNAs, knowledge of which will underpin future research into the mechanisms involved in miRNA biogenesis and, importantly, cardiac function, disease and therapy.
The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production

The study of narrative discourse, as exemplified in the essays in this book, treats the unfolding of narrative and the expression of this unfolding narrative in words.1 The opening scene is set, characters and objects introduced, and events described, as the narrative shifts from scene to scene. In approaching this phenomenon, one may choose to examine the portioning of narrative content into discourse units (Chafe, Chapter 1), the selection of a prominent referent to take on the role of subject in a clause (Bernardo, Chapter 6), or the influence of the larger cultural context on the expression of events and evaluations (Tannen, Chapter 2). Or, one may focus on a phenomenon of narrower scope: the verbalization of characters and objects within the discourse. This is the domain of the essays that Downing and Clancy contributed to this book and of the present chapter. Though apparently narrow, the topic has two distinct aspects. On the one hand, one may consider the static aspect of nominal verbalization. The speaker is confronted by an object whose semantic substance requires expression. He must draw on his cultural knowledge and his understanding of his addressee in order to decide what is salient and hence worthy of verbalization, and he employs his semantic knowledge in the expression of the appropriate categorization. Downing deals with this facet ofthe problem. But
Pathogenic autoantibodies from patients with lupus nephritis cause reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of podocyte proteins, including tubulin

Introduction The tertiary structure of normal podocytes prevents protein from leaking into urine. Patients with lupus nephritis (LN) develop proteinuria, and kidney biopsies from these patients display a number of podocyte abnormalities including retraction of podocyte processes. Autoantibodies have been shown to deposit in the kidneys of patients and mice with LN and are believed to play a key role in causing renal inflammation and dysfunction. The objective of this research was to study the effects of IgG antibodies from patients with LN on cultured human podocytes. Methods We exposed a human podocyte cell line to heat-inactivated (HI) plasma and purified polyclonal IgG from the following groups of subjects; patients with LN, patients with lupus without nephritis, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. We measured expression and intracellular distribution of podocyte-specific proteins and global phosphorylation of tyrosine. We then used mass spectrometry to identify the major protein targets of this phosphorylation. Results HI LN plasma did not alter expression or cellular distribution of podocyte-specific proteins but caused a significant reduction in podocyte protein tyrosine phosphorylation compared with plasma from healthy controls (p=0.0008). This result was replicated using purified IgG but was not seen with plasma from rheumatoid arthritis or non-renal lupus patients. The dominant tyrosine phosphorylated protein in podocytes was 55 kDa in size and was identified as tubulin. Conclusions Since tubulin is an important component of podocyte major processes, these results suggest that autoantibodies from LN patients may exert an important pathogenic effect by dephosphorylation of this protein in podocytes.
Linguistic identity among new speakers of Basque

Abstract The increase in Basque speakers in the last 30 years has been due in large part to ‘new speakers’ or euskaldunberri, a term that will be used here to refer to those who have learned the language by means other than family transmission. While very significant in numbers, to date this group has not been the object of much study. Little is known about their attitudes and motivations, how they perceive themselves as Basque speakers, or their language use and transmission patterns. Acquiring answers to these questions is of strategic importance for developing an effective evidence-based language policy for the future. This article presents the results of a qualitative study of new speakers. Drawing on data from focus groups and interviews, the central goal of the article is to examine how new speakers of differing profiles perceive and locate themselves with respect to the popularly used labels for “new” and “native” Basque speakers and the ideologies of authenticity and legitimacy that seem to shape these perceptions. The analysis shows that learning the language alone, even to a high degree of competence, does not guarantee a view of themselves as true and genuine speakers of Basque.