Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of masticatory efficiency, patient satisfaction for single, two, and three implants supported overdenture in the same patient: A pilot study

Statement of Problem: Over 30% of the world population suffers from edentulism. Implant supported overdenture have been a relatively successful treatment option for edentulism and have shown to slowed the rate of residual resorption and maintain the vertical height of the residual. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure patient masticatary efficiency and satisfaction with the mandibular one-, two-, and three-implant-retained overdenture therapy when compared with conventional denture in a the same patients. Materials and Methods: Ten complete edentulous patients, who were wearing conventional complete dentures, were involved in this study. Three single piece endosseous implant of 3.0 mm in diameter and 13 mm in length were surgically placed in the mandible in the region of B, C, and D. Mandibular denture was connected for single, two, and three implant supported overdenture periodically and checked for masticatory efficiency using a bite gauge and patient satisfaction using a questionnaire. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Four groups of bite forces when compared to each other. Group 1 was compared with Group 2, with the statistical value showing significance. Signed rank test showed no significance (0.268) when Group 2 was compared with Group 3. When Group 3 was compared with Group 4, and Group 1 compared with Group 4, rank test showed significant values. Four groups were compared with each other for patient satisfaction, Group 1 was compared with Group 2, with the statistical value showing no significance. Conclusions: A single midline implant supported overdenture can be considered as a suitable and cost-effective treatment option over conventional denture. The study concludes that masticatory efficiency of this single midline implant supported overdenture is better than the conventional complete denture.
Game-Based Myoelectric Training

Myoelectric powered prostheses provide upper limb amputees with some of the functionality of a missing limb. One key to the successful use of powered prostheses is adequate training so that amputees can learn how to activate their muscles as input control. However, existing myoelectric training tools are not accessible, and have been described as monotonous and unengaging. While game-based training tools have been proposed to increase user engagement, results about their effectiveness have been conflicting. We present the challenges we have identified that are unique to new prosthesis users, and describe how we have built a new training game with mechanics to address these challenges. We also describe our current work conducting user-centered design sessions with the patients and expert staff of a prosthetics clinic.
Effects of Bahir Dar Textile Factory Effluents on the Water Quality of the Head Waters of Blue Nile River, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in 2013/14 with the objective of determining the effects of Bahir Dar textile factory effluents on the head of Blue Nile River water quality. Dissolve oxygen was higher at the upstream site of the river, whereas BOD5, TDS, and total alkalinity values were higher at wastewater outlet of the factory site. The mean values of dissolved oxygen, BOD5, and total alkalinity were above maximum permissible limits set by WHO for drinking water at head of Blue Nile River. The mean value of BOD5 was above permissible limit of IFC for textile effluents to be discharged to surface water. A total of 836 aquatic macroinvertebrate individuals belonging to 21 families were collected. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, the Hilsenhoff family-level biotic index, family richness, and percent dipterans were calculated. Hilsenhoff family-level biotic index and percent dipterans metrics differed significantly among sampling sites (P < 0.05). Hilsenhoff family-level biotic index was higher at the most downstream site but percent dipterans were higher at site of discharge of effluent to the head of Blue Nile River. Therefore, there is indication that effluent demands frequent control and proper treatment before being discharged to the environment.
Magnet temperature estimation in surface PM machines using high frequency signal injection

This paper proposes a method to estimate the magnet temperature in surface PM machines (SPMSM) using high frequency carrier signal injection. The injection of a high frequency signal, superimposed on the fundamental excitation, allows the estimation of the stator transient impedance, which is a function of both the stator and rotor impedances. The temperature of the magnets is shown to have a significant weight on the overall stator transient impedance, from which it can be estimated. The high frequency carrier signal is injected intermittently in order to minimize potential adverse effects on the normal operation of the machine. The paper first explains the physics behind the magnet temperature dependence. Then the principles of the method as well as its practical implementation are discussed. Experimental verification of the method is provided.
A Rational Reconstruction of the Compromise Effect: Using Market Data to Infer Utilities

This article explores the possibility that consumers use market data to make inferences about product utilities. The argument is made by means of an example based on the "compromise effect" found in extant experimental data. This phenomenon is generally looked at as a manifestation of deviations from rationality in choice. However, assuming full rationality, I describe a decision rule that is based on consumers' inferences about their information about their own relative tastes. Through a number of examples, I will argue that consumers often use this or similar decision rules to make inferences about utility. I then show that the decision rule may generate compromise effects in experiments and that it may be sustainable. The compromise effect could therefore be seen as preliminary evidence that consumers make such inferences. Copyright 1995 by the University of Chicago.
Access Points: An Institutional Theory of Policy Bias and Policy Complexity

Access Points develops a new theory about how democratic institutions influence policy outcomes. Access Point Theory argues that the more points of access that institutions provide to interest groups, the cheaper lobbying will be, and, thus, the more lobbying will occur. This will lead to more complex policy, as policymakers insert specific provisions to benefit special interests, and, if one side of the debate has a lobbying advantage, to more biased policy, as the advantaged side is able to better take advantage of the cheaper lobbying. This book then uses Access Point Theory to explain why some countries have more protectionist and more complex trade policies than other; why some countries have stronger environmental and banking regulations than others; and why some countries have more complicated tax codes than others. In policy area after policy area, this book finds that more access points lead to more biased and more complex policy. Access Points provides scholars with a powerful tool to explain how political institutions matter and why countries implement the policies they do. Available in OSO:
The Type III Secreted Protein BspR Regulates the Virulence Genes in Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica is closely related with B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, the causative agents of whooping cough. These pathogenic species share a number of virulence genes, including the gene locus for the type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effector proteins. To identify unknown type III effectors in Bordetella, secreted proteins in the bacterial culture supernatants of wild-type B. bronchiseptica and an isogenic T3SS-deficient mutant were compared with iTRAQ-based, quantitative proteomic analysis method. BB1639, annotated as a hypothetical protein, was identified as a novel type III secreted protein and was designated BspR (Bordetella secreted protein regulator). The virulence of a BspR mutant (ΔbspR) in B. bronchiseptica was significantly attenuated in a mouse infection model. BspR was also highly conserved in B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, suggesting that BspR is an essential virulence factor in these three Bordetella species. Interestingly, the BspR-deficient strain showed hyper-secretion of T3SS-related proteins. Furthermore, T3SS-dependent host cell cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity were also enhanced in the absence of BspR. By contrast, the expression of filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and adenylate cyclase toxin was completely abolished in the BspR-deficient strain. Finally, we demonstrated that BspR is involved in the iron-responsive regulation of T3SS. Thus, Bordetella virulence factors are coordinately but inversely controlled by BspR, which functions as a regulator in response to iron starvation.
Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Affect the Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies To Protect Mice against Cryptococcus neoformans

ABSTRACT Variable-region-identical mouse immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2b, and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide ofCryptococcus neoformans prolong the lives of mice infected with this fungus, while IgG3 is either not protective or enhances infection. CD4+ T cells are required for IgG1-mediated protection, and CD8+ T cells are required for IgG3-mediated enhancement. Gamma interferon is required for both effects. These findings revealed that T cells and cytokines play a role in the modulation of cryptococcal infection by antibodies and suggested that it was important to more fully define the cytokine requirements of each of the antibody isotypes. We therefore investigated the efficacy of passively administered variable-region-identical IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 monoclonal antibodies against intravenous infection withC. neoformans in mice genetically deficient in interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-6, IL-4, or IL-10, as well as in the parental C57BL/6J strain. The relative inherent susceptibilities of these mouse strains to C. neoformans were as follows: IL-12−/− > IL-6−/− > C57BL/6J ≈ IL-4−/− ≫ IL-10−/−. This is consistent with the notion that a Th1 response is necessary for natural immunity against cryptococcal infection. However, none of the IgG isotypes prolonged survival in IL-12−/−, IL-6−/−, or IL-4−/− mice, and all isotypes significantly enhanced infection in IL-10−/− mice. These results indicate that passive antibody-mediated protection againstC. neoformans requires both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and reveal the complexity of the mechanisms through which antibodies modulate infection with this organism.
Analysis of Core Stability Exercise Effect on the Physical and Psychological Function of Elderly Women Vulnerable to Falls during Obstacle Negotiation

[Purpose] The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of core stability exercise (CSE) on the physical and psychological functions of elderly women while negotiating general obstacles. [Subjects and Methods] After allocating 10 elderly women each to the core stability training group and the control group, we carried out Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) and measured crossing velocity (CV), maximum vertical heel clearance (MVHC), and knee flexion angle for assessing physical performances. We evaluated depression and fear of falling for assessing psychological functions. [Results] Relative to the control group, the core stability training group showed statistically significant overall changes after the training session: an increase in POMA scores, faster CV, lower MVHC, and a decrease in knee flexion angle. Furthermore, depression and fear of falling decreased significantly. [Conclusion] CSE can have a positive effect on the improvement of physical and psychological performances of older women who are vulnerable to falls as they negotiate everyday obstacles.
Analysis and minimization of L/sub 2/-sensitivity for linear systems and two-dimensional state-space filters using general controllability and observability Gramians

A novel expression for the evaluation of L/sub 2/-sensitivity is developed for the cases of linear discrete-time systems, linear continuous-time systems, and two-dimensional (2-D) state-space digital filters. This is accomplished by introducing the concept of general controllability and observability Gramians in each case. Moreover, the L/sub 2/-sensitivity measures obtained here contain the conventional L/sub 1//L/sub 2/-sensitivity measures as a special case. An iterative procedure for constructing the optimal coordinate transformation matrix that minimizes the L/sub 2/-sensitivity measure is then presented in each case. This procedure is advantageous since the initial estimate and the estimate at each iteration can be calculated analytically. Finally, three numerical examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed techniques.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Developmental Differences in Beta and Theta Power during Sentence Processing

Keywords: Time-frequency analysis Language ERP Development a b s t r a c t Although very young children process ongoing language quickly and effortlessly, research indicates that they continue to improve and mature in their language skills through adolescence. This prolonged development may be related to differing engagement of semantic and syntactic processes. This study used event related potentials and time frequency analysis of EEG to identify developmental differences in neural engagement as children (ages 10–12) and adults performed an auditory verb agreement grammat-icality judgment task. Adults and children revealed very few differences in comprehending grammatically correct sentences. When identifying grammatical errors, however, adults displayed widely distributed beta and theta power decreases that were significantly less pronounced in children. Adults also demonstrated a significant P600 effect, while children exhibited an apparent N400 effect. Thus, when identifying subtle grammatical errors in real time, adults display greater neural activation that is traditionally associated with syntactic processing whereas children exhibit greater activity more commonly associated with semantic processing. These findings support previous claims that the cognitive and neural underpinnings of syntactic processing are still developing in adolescence, and add to them by more clearly identifying developmental changes in the neural oscillations underlying grammatical processing.
Distributed Stochastic Model Predictive Control Synthesis for Large-Scale Uncertain Linear Systems

This paper presents an approach to distributed stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) of large-scale uncertain linear systems with additive disturbances. Typical SMPC approaches for such problems involve formulating a large-scale finite-horizon chance-constrained optimization problem at each sampling time, which is in general non-convex and difficult to solve. Using an approximation, the so-called scenario approach, we formulate a large-scale scenario program and provide a theoretical guarantee to quantify the robustness of the obtained solution. However, such a reformulation leads to a computational tractability issue, due to the large number of required scenarios. To this end, we present two novel ideas in this paper to address this issue. We first provide a technique to decompose the large-scale scenario program into distributed scenario programs that exchange a certain number of scenarios with each other in order to compute local decisions. We show the exactness of the decomposition with a-priori probabilistic guarantees for the desired level of constraint fulfillment. As our second contribution, we develop an inter-agent soft communication scheme based on a set parametrization technique together with the notion of probabilistically reliable sets to reduce the required communication between each subproblem. We show how to incorporate the probabilistic reliability notion into existing results and provide new guarantees for the desired level of constraint violations. A simulation study is presented to illustrate the advantages of our proposed framework.
Decision Theory and Antitrust Rules

There is ongoing controversy over the proper antitrust decision process that regulatory commissions and the courts should use to evaluate various restraints. This controversy entails the question of whether to analyze conduct under a per se rule, the classical rule of reason, the quick look, the inherently suspect standard, or some other truncated rule of reason standard. This article applies decision theory to this issue of standards formulation. Decision theory sets out a process for making factual determinations and decisions when information is costly and therefore imperfect. The paper is a methodology for determining when to make decisions on the basis of current information, and when to gather and consider further information before making a decision. It then applies that methodology to the formulation of antitrust standards.
ON THE RAMANUJAN CONJECTURE FOR QUASISPLIT

To the memory of Armand Borel 1. Introduction. Early experiences with classical (holomorphic) cusp forms, which initially started with the Ramanujan τ –function, and later extended to even Maass cusp forms (cf. [70];[78], last paragraph) on the upper half plane, suggested that their Fourier coefficients a p at a prime p must be bounded by 2p (k−1)/2 , where k is the weight (cf. [25, 96]). This is what is classically called the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture. Its archimedean counterpart, the Selberg conjecture [79], states that the positive eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian on the space of cuspidal functions (functions vanishing at all the cusps) on a hyperbolic Riemann surface parametrized by a congruence subgroup must all be at least 1/4 (cf. [76, 79, 94]). While for the holomorphic modular cusp forms, this is a theorem ([25], also see [8, 12]), the case of Maass forms is far from resolved and both conjectures are yet unsettled and out of reach. Satake [78] was the first to observe that both conjectures can be uniformly formulated. More precisely, if one considers the global cuspidal representation attached to a given cuspidal eigenfunction, then all its local components must be tempered. This means that their matrix coefficients must all belong to L 2+ε (P GL 2 (Q p)) for all ε > 0 and every prime p of Q. We note that here we are allowing p = ∞ and letting Q ∞ = R. It is now generally believed that the conjecture in its general form should be valid for GL n over number fields to the effect that all the local components of an irreducible (unitary) cuspidal representation of GL n (A F) must be tempered (modulo center). Here A F is the ring of adeles of our number field F. When F is a function field (of one variable over a finite field), this is now a consequence of " purity " results of Lafforgue [58, 59], following the work of Drinfeld [26, 27] for n = 2. When F is a number field, the conjecture is proved only in special cases, and only when the archimedean components are of geometric nature, i.e., that they can be realized in an appropriate cohomology [35], generalizing the holomorphic structure of classical modular forms, which are no longer available when n ≥ 3; a characteristic missing from Maass forms which are only real analytic. In particular, …
Early Intervention with Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei F19 Has No Long-Term Effect on Caries Experience

The aim of the study was to evaluate possible long-term effects of a cereal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus paracasei F19 (LF19) during weaning on caries experience, mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LBC) in a group of 9-year-old children. A secondary aim was to evaluate if the intervention resulted in the permanent integration of LF19 as part of the oral microbiota. The study followed up on a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial. Among 179 infants that were randomised to a daily diet that included cereals with or without LF19 from 4 to 13 months of age, 56 from the probiotic group and 62 from the placebo group participated in the follow-up at 9 years. Data were collected by oral clinical examination and questionnaires. MS and LBC levels were assessed with conventional cultivation; LF19 was detected by using randomly amplified polymerase chain reactions (RAPD-PCR). At the follow-up, neither decayed, missing and filled surfaces for primary teeth (dmfs) nor decayed, missing and filled surfaces for permanent teeth (DMFS) differed significantly between the probiotic and placebo groups (p > 0.05). MS and LBC levels were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). RAPD-PCR showed no evidence of oral colonisation with LF19 in the study group. It is concluded that an early intervention with LF19 did not affect the frequency of dental caries, MS or LBC. LF19 did not establish itself as a permanent facet of the oral microbiota in any of the subjects included in this study.
Love, work, and changes in extraversion and neuroticism over time.

The present study examined individual differences in change in extraversion, neuroticism, and work and relationship satisfaction. Of particular interest were the correlations between changes. Data were from the Victorian Quality of Life Panel Study (B. Headey & A. Wearing, 1989, 1992), in which an overall 1,130 individuals participated (ages 16 to 70). Respondents were assessed every 2 years from 1981 to 1989. Four major findings emerged. (a) There were significant individual differences in changes in extraversion and neuroticism. (b) Change was not limited to young adulthood. (c) Development was systematic in that increased work and relationship satisfaction was associated with decreases in neuroticism and increases in extraversion over time; on average, the magnitude of the relation between changes in work and relationship satisfaction and traits was . 40. (d) Cross-lagged models indicated traits had a greater influence on role satisfaction; however, marginal support emerged for work satisfaction leading to increased extraversion. Implications of correlated change are discussed.