Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LADA and CARDS: A Prospective Study of Clinical Outcome in Established Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Diabetes-associated autoantibodies can be detected in adult-onset diabetes, even when initially non–insulin requiring, i.e., with latent autoimmune diabetes. We aimed to identify adult-onset autoimmune diabetes in patients with established “type 2 diabetes” participating in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) to characterize their phenotype and clinical outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively studied 2,425 European patients with presumed type 2 diabetes (mean age 62 years, diabetes duration 7.9 years) for outcomes at 3.9 years after randomization to either atorvastatin or placebo. Subjects were screened for autoantibodies to GAD (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc-transporter 8 (ZnT8A). RESULTS A total of 173 patients (7.1%) had GADA, of whom 11 (0.5%) and 5 (0.2%) were also positive for IA-2A and ZnT8A, respectively. At baseline, 44% of GADA-positive patients were not on insulin. Fewer autoantibody-positive than autoantibody-negative patients had metabolic syndrome (64 vs. 80%), and more were on insulin (56 vs. 17%) (P < 0.0001 for each) without lower HbA1c (69 mmol/mol [8.5%] vs. 62 mmol/mol [7.8%]). The frequency of microvascular and macrovascular events was similar in both cohorts, independent of atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes was prevalent, even in patients with established diabetes presumed to have type 2 diabetes. After 11.8 years’ diabetes duration, nearly half the patients with autoimmune diabetes were not on insulin treatment and almost two-thirds had metabolic syndrome. The type of diabetes, whether autoimmune diabetes or type 2 diabetes, did not impact the risk of microvascular disease.
Proprioception versus motor outflow in timing: a reply to Jones.

Jones' point that the motor outflow hypothesis should be considered a rival to the proprioceptive feedback interpretation of the motor response timing data reviewed by Schmidt has potential merit. However, with no data ruling in favor of motor outflow over proprioceptive feedback for timing, and with other peripheral feedback channels (e.g., vision) known to be mechanisms for timing, the proprioceptive feedback explanation is favored over motor outflow.
Dual-Task Training Program for Older Adults: Blending Gait, Visuomotor and Cognitive Training

Objective: Physical and cognitive impairments are common with aging and often coexist. Changes in the level of physical and mental activity are prognostic for adverse health events and falls. Dual-task (DT) training programs that can improve mobility and cognition simultaneously can bring significant improvements in rehabilitation. The objective of this mixed methods exploratory RCT was to provide evidence for the feasibility and therapeutic value of a novel game-assisted DT exercise program in older adults. Methods: Twenty-two community dwelling participants, between the ages of 70–85 were randomized to either dual-task treadmill walking (DT-TR) or dual-task recumbent bicycle (DT-RC). Both groups viewed a standard LED computer monitor and performed a range of cognitive game tasks while walking or cycling; made possible with the use of a “hands-free”, miniature, inertial-based computer mouse. Participants performed their respective 1-h DT exercise program twice a week, for 12 weeks at a community fitness centre. Semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis was conducted to evaluate the participant’s experiences with the exercise program. Quantitative analysis included measures of standing balance, gait function (spatiotemporal gait variable), visuomotor and executive cognitive function, tested under single and DT walking conditions. Results: Compliance was 100% for all 22 participants. Four themes captured the range of participant’s experiences and opinions: 1) reasons for participation, 2) difficulties with using the technologies, 3) engagement with the computer games, and 4) positive effects of the program. Both groups showed significant improvements in standing balance performance, visuomotor and visuospatial executive function. However, significant improvement in dual task gait function was observed only in the DT-TR group. Medium to large effect sizes were observed for most balance, spatiotemporal gait variables, and cognitive performance measure. Conclusion: With only minor difficulties with the technology being reported, the findings demonstrate feasible trial procedures and acceptable DT oriented training with a high compliance rate and positive outcomes. These findings support further research and development, and will direct the next phase of a full-scale RCT.
Docking Applied to the Prediction of the Affinity of Compounds to P-Glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved in the transport of xenobiotic compounds and responsible for the decrease of the drug accumulation in multi-drug-resistant cells. In this investigation we compare several docking algorithms in order to find the conditions that are able to discriminate between P-gp binders and nonbinders. We built a comprehensive dataset of binders and nonbinders based on a careful analysis of the experimental data available in the literature, trying to overcome the discrepancy noticeable in the experimental results. We found that Autodock Vina flexible docking is the best choice for the tested options. The results will be useful to filter virtual screening results in the rational design of new drugs that are not expected to be expelled by P-gp.
Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Dr. Brady earned his Doctorate of Clinical-Community Psychology from University of South Carolina. Dr. Brady completed his post-doctoral fellowship in the Department of Psychiatry at the University Cincinnati College of Medicine. He also has completed advanced training in the treatment of OCD and OCD spectrum disorders through the Behavior Therapy Institute. Dr. Brady is Board Certified in Clinical Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology.
Process consistency for AdaBoost

Recent experiments and theoretical studies show that AdaBoost can overfit in the limit of large time. If running the algorithm forever is suboptimal, a natural question is how low can the prediction error be during the process of AdaBoost? We show under general regularity conditions that during the process of AdaBoost a consistent prediction is generated, which has the prediction error approximating the optimal Bayes error as the sample size increases. This result suggests that, while running the algorithm forever can be suboptimal, it is reasonable to expect that some regularization method via truncation of the process may lead to a near-optimal performance for sufficiently large sample size.
Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos

Abstract. Coastal hypoxia (defined here as Hypoxia alters both the structure and function of benthic communities, but effects may differ with regional hypoxia history. Human-caused hypoxia is generally linked to eutrophication, and occurs adjacent to watersheds with large populations or agricultural activities. Many occurrences are seasonal, within estuaries, fjords or enclosed seas of the North Atlantic and the NW Pacific Oceans. Benthic faunal responses, elicited at oxygen levels below 2 ml L−1, typically involve avoidance or mortality of large species and elevated abundances of enrichment opportunists, sometimes prior to population crashes. Areas of low oxygen persist seasonally or continuously beneath upwelling regions, associated with the upper parts of oxygen minimum zones (SE Pacific, W Africa, N Indian Ocean). These have a distribution largely distinct from eutrophic areas and support a resident fauna that is adapted to survive and reproduce at oxygen concentrations
Monopolistic Competition When Income Matters

We study monopolistic competition with preferences over differentiated goods characterized by a separable indirect utility rather than a separable direct utility as in the Dixit-Stiglitz model, with the CES case as the only common ground. Examples include linear and log-linear direct demands. In equilibrium with free entry, an increase of the number of consumers is neutral on prices, but increases proportionally the number of firms, just creating pure gains from variety. Contrary to the Dixit-Stiglitz model, an increase in consumer income increases prices and more than proportionally the number of varieties if and only if the price elasticity of demand is increasing. We also discuss extensions to an outside good, heterogeneous consumers, heterogeneous firms a la Melitz and endogenous quality. Finally, we provide an application to international trade generating pricing to market in a generalized Krugman model.
Menelloides C and D, New Sesquiterpenoids from the Gorgonian Coral Menella sp

Two new metabolites, including a lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid, menelloide C (1), and a germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid, menelloide D (2), were isolated from a Formosan gorgonian coral identified as Menella sp. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic methods and 2 displayed a weak inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils.
Insulin Concerns and Promises

At a symposium discussing controversies pertaining to relationships between diabetes and cancer, Jeffrey A. Johnson (Edmonton, Canada) reviewed epidemiologic data, beginning with a meta-analysis showing that diabetes is associated with increased rates of cancers of the pancreas, colon and rectum, bladder, liver, and breast; endometrial cancer; and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Prostate cancer rates are decreased, perhaps as a consequence of a subtle form of hypogonadism, but prostate cancer mortality is increased among diabetic men who do develop prostate cancer. Obesity increases the development of cancers as well, to a greater degree with greater levels of obesity, particularly for cancers of the esophagus and thyroid and, among women, cancers of the endometrium, gallbladder, colon, and kidney. Cancer mortality increases by ∼50% in both sexes in association with obesity (1). The interesting exception to the generally adverse association of obesity with malignancy is its negative relationship with lung cancer, with cigarette use the presumed confounder by its weight-reducing effect (2). The mechanism of the relationship between diabetes and cancer has not been defined in clinical studies. Johnson's meta-analysis of trials of glycemic control did not show an effect on the risk of developing malignancy (3). Hyperglycemia was, however, associated with cancer mortality in 10-year studies of >1 million Korean (4) and >500,000 European (5) men and women, with the studies controlling for obesity though possibly reflecting a role of hyperinsulinemia. A role of hyperinsulinemia is further suggested by studies showing association of C-peptide with colorectal cancer risk (6,7). Reduced cancer survival seen in individuals with diabetes (8) may be, at least to an extent, due to diabetes-related diseases other than the malignancy itself (9) or to diabetic individuals having a lower likelihood of undergoing mammography, resulting in presentation with later-stage tumors (10). Lower rates of Pap test screening for cervical …
Colonization of Potato Rhizosphere by GFP-Tagged Bacillus subtilis MB73/2, Pseudomonas sp. P482 and Ochrobactrum sp. A44 Shown on Large Sections of Roots Using Enrichment Sample Preparation and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

The ability to colonize the host plants’ rhizospheres is a crucial feature to study in the case of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with potential agricultural applications. In this work, we have created GFP-tagged derivatives of three candidate PGPRs: Bacillus subtilis MB73/2, Pseudomonas sp. P482 and Ochrobactrum sp. A44. The presence of these strains in the rhizosphere of soil-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was detected with a classical fluorescence microscope and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In this work, we have used a broad-field-of-view CLMS device, dedicated to in vivo analysis of macroscopic objects, equipped with an automated optical zoom system and tunable excitation and detection spectra. We show that features of this type of CLSM microscopes make them particularly well suited to study root colonization by microorganisms. To facilitate the detection of small and scattered bacterial populations, we have developed a fast and user-friendly enrichment method for root sample preparation. The described method, thanks to the in situ formation of mini-colonies, enables visualization of bacterial colonization sites on large root fragments. This approach can be easily modified to study colonization patterns of other fluorescently tagged strains. Additionally, dilution plating of the root extracts was performed to estimate the cell number of MB73/2, P482 and A44 in the rhizosphere of the inoculated plants.
Brain Activation During Mental Transformation of Size

Abstract Visual comparison between different-sized objects with respect to shape can be done by encoding one of the objects as a mental image, transforming the image to the size format of the other object, and then testing for a match (Bundesen, C., & Larsen, A. [1975]. Visual transformation of size. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 214-220). To identify the brain structures implicated in mental transformation of size, we measured the distribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by positron emission tomography (PET) in 12 normal subjects who compared random stimulus patterns with respect to shape regardless of variations in size in a one-back match-to-sample paradigm. Each subject was PET-scanned 12 times during repetitive injections of H2 15O. In one condition (three scans), all stimulus patterns were small. In a second condition (three scans), all stimuli were large. In the third condition (six scans), the stimuli alternated between small and large. Mental transformation of size should occur in the alternating-size condition but not in the fixed-size conditions. As expected, behavioral measures (reaction time [RT], d', β) were nearly the same for the two fixed-size conditions but mean RT was longer and d' smaller in the alternating-size condition. Changes in rCBF specific to mental transformation of size were estimated by contrasting the alternating-size with the fixed-size conditions by use of statistical parametric mapping (SPM96) at a threshold of p < . 05 corrected for multiple comparisons. The detected brain structures implicated in mental transformation of size were primarily located in the dorsal pathways, comprising structures in the occipital, parietal, and temporal transition zone (predominantly in the left hemisphere), posterior parietal cortex (bilaterally), area MT/V5 (left), and vermis (bilaterally). Contrasts between the two fixed-size conditions showed significant effects in only the occipital cortex.
Ispitivanje povezanosti matematičkog samopoimanja, straha od matematike i matematičkog postignuća

In this study we examined relationships between math self-efficacy, perceived math self-competence, perceived perseverance, math anxiety and mathematics grades in grades 7 and 8. Data analysis was conducted for 224 students. We used Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Children (Chiu and Henry, 1990) and Scale of perceived math self-competence (Bezinovic, 1988). The results show that 7th grade students have significantly higher results on subscales of general self-efficacy and perceived perseverance than 8th grade students. For both grades we found that math anxiety is negatively related to general self-efficacy and perceived perseverance, and positively related with perceived low math self-competence. The results also show that for each grade general self-efficacy and perceived perseverance are significantly positively related to mathematics grades. Grades are also negatively related to perceived low competence and math anxiety. We found significant multiple correlations between results of general self-efficacy, self-competence, perceived perseverance, math anxiety as predictor variables and math grades as criteria variable. Perceived perseverance and math anxiety were not significant predictor variables of math grades.
Modeling Characteristics of Location from User Photos

In the past decade, location-based services have grown through geo-tagging and place-tagging. Proliferation of GPS-enabled mobile devices further enabled exponential growth in geo-tagged user content. On the other hand, location-based applications harness the abundance of geo-tagged content to further improve user experience and more relevant localized content. We show in this paper that geo-tagged content can vary significantly based on whether they are captured by a local versus a tourist to the location. Using photos shared by online users, we also show how we can learn unique characteristics about a given location. We finally discuss an effective metric to rank the most representative photos for a given location by combining visual contents and their social engagement potential.
Sustained Weight Loss with Vagal Nerve Blockade but Not with Sham: 18-Month Results of the ReCharge Trial

Background/Objectives. Vagal block therapy (vBloc) is effective for moderate to severe obesity at one year. Subjects/Methods. The ReCharge trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of 239 participants with body mass index (BMI) of 40 to 45 kg/m or 35 to 40 kg/m with one or more obesity-related conditions. Interventions were implantation of either vBloc or Sham devices and weight management counseling. Mixed models assessed percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and total weight loss (%TWL) in intent-to-treat analyses. At 18 months, 142 (88%) vBloc and 64 (83%) Sham patients remained enrolled in the study. Results. 18-month weight loss was 23% EWL (8.8% TWL) for vBloc and 10% EWL (3.8% TWL) for Sham (P < 0.0001). vBloc patients largely maintained 12-month weight loss of 26% EWL (9.7% TWL). Sham regained over 40% of the 17% EWL (6.4% TWL) by 18 months. Most weight regain preceded unblinding. Common adverse events of vBloc through 18 months were heartburn/dyspepsia and abdominal pain; 98% of events were reported as mild or moderate and 79% had resolved. Conclusions. Weight loss with vBloc was sustained through 18 months, while Sham regained weight between 12 and 18 months. vBloc is effective with a low rate of serious complications.
O duplo fazer do gênero e do Estado: interconexões, materialidades e linguagens

Este artigo tem como proposta colocar em discussao elementos da dupla constituicao entre genero e Estado, procurando toma-los nao como entidades discretas, mas como relacao mutuamente produtiva. A fim de nao reproduzir o efeito de mutua externalidade que marcam as analises que se dedicam mais especificamente a cada um desses eixos a partir dos quais pensamos e estruturamos relacoes de poder, inicialmente procuramos articular preocupacoes e formulacoes teoricas feministas sobre estatizacao do genero/generizacao do Estado com as desestabilizacoes antropologicas do conceito de Estado. Apostamos, porem, sobretudo na forca inspiradora e na capacidade de tensionamento de algumas etnografias que, sem explicitamente tomarem como alvo central de suas problematizacoes nem o genero e nem o Estado, revelaram-se particularmente proficuas para iluminar as suas dinâmicas de coproducao. A violencia comparece nas etnografias selecionadas como vetor heuristico privilegiado para compreender tais dinâmicas e evidenciar como relacoes, gramaticas e assimetrias de genero sao centrais nas dinâmicas do fazer(-se) Estado e, com especial forca, na delimitacao de fronteiras entre corpos e territorios tao necessaria na fabricacao da “comunidade imaginada” do Estado-nacao.
Relevant boundary perturbations of CFT: A case study

We consider simple CFT models which contain massless bosons, or massless fermions or a supersymmetric combination of the two, on the strip. We study the deformations of these models by relevant boundary operators. In particular, we work out the details for a boundary operator with a quadratic dependence on the fields and argue that some of our results can be extended to a more general situation. In the fermionic models, several subtleties arise due to the doubling of zero modes at the UV fixed point and a ``GSO projected'' RG flow. We attempt to resolve these issues and to discuss how bulk symmetries are realised along the flow. We end with some speculations on possible string theory applications of these results.
Economic impact of disease progression in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract Using a retrospective claims database, we estimated the economic costs of progression among patients with follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (f-NHL) treated in an outpatient community-based setting. Patients with f-NHL who received care between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2009 were categorized into two cohorts based on whether they experienced progressive disease (PD) or not. Costs per patient per month (PPPM) were compared between patients with PD versus non-PD. Follow-up time was censored at the last entry for disease status or 6 months after the date of remission/stable disease or progression. Of the 1002 patients with f-NHL identified, 268 progressed and 734 did not. The mean overall costs PPPM over the 6-month follow-up period were significantly higher for patients with PD versus non-PD ($3527 vs. $860; difference = $2667; p < 0.001). This cost difference persisted within all resource categories evaluated. Results of this study indicate that therapies which delay progression for patients with f-NHL may result in potential cost savings.
Post-Conflict Affiliative Behaviors Towards Humans in Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris) - eScholarship

Social species need conflict-resolution mechanisms to maintain group cohesion and diminish aggression. Reconciliation (affiliative contact between opponents) and consolation (affiliative contact between the victim and an uninvolved third party) have been postulated for this function in various species. The purpose of this work is to study post-conflict affiliative behaviors toward humans in domestic dogs. This study has looked into post-conflict affiliative behaviors in domestic dogs toward their owners. To this end, a conflict situation was created where the animal was scolded by one of the owners for “stealing” human food. Behaviors were recorded along a period of 3 min and 30 s before and after the scolding. Results show that dogs exhibit affiliative behaviors (significant increase in closeness, gazing, and tail wagging) as well as appeasement behaviors (averting eyes, low tail carriage, lowered ears, lip licking, and crouching) toward the owner that scolded them (reconciliation). In other words, this is the first work that presents reconciliation in dogs in a conflict situation with humans. It discusses the importance of this phenomenon in the dog-human bond.
Empirical Study of IPTV Diffusion: Comparison between Japan and Korea

This study analyzes a diffusion pattern of IPTV (Internet Protocol TV), based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). RIETI conducted a household survey of IPTV to understand factors behind advancement of "digital conversion" of Internet and broadcasting services in Japan. The results of this survey are compared with those of a similar survey in Korea, conducted by ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute). Our structural equation model (SEM) analysis reveals that "ease-of-use" is an important factor in encouraging non IPTV users in both Japan and Korea to adopt it, but that the path from "usefulness" to "adoption" is stronger for Japanese households. Also in relation to IPTV users' intention to use IPTV, Japanese were directly influenced by "usefulness," while Koreans were not.