Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Getting the balance right: the need for a comprehensive approach to occupational health

One common theme that links the articles in this issue of Work & Stress is that the organisation is an important determinant of occupational health (Kudielka, von Kaumlnel, Gander, & Fischer, 2004; de Lange, Taris, Kompier, Houtman, & Bongers, 2004); and optimally designing organisational structures, processes, and strategies will best ensure employees' well-being (Cox, Leka, Ivanov, & Kortum, 2004; Van der Klink, Blonk, Schene, & Van Dijk, 2001). Indeed, this philosophy underpins the United Kingdom (UK) Health and Safety Executive's (HSE's) 'Management Standards' approach for reducing workplace stress, which is also presented in this issue (Cousins, Mackay, Clarke, Kelly, Kelly, & McCaig, 2004; Mackay, Cousins, Kelly, Lee, & McCaig, 2004). These standards specify a collaborative process of organisational analysis and change that aims to ensure that a workplace has non-toxic levels of six occupational stressors (i.e., demands, control, support, relationships at work, roles, and change). This organisational-directed approach to occupational health currently enjoys a great deal of support amongst policy makers, European governments, and occupational health psychologists (see Cox et al., 2004). For example, this stressor reduction approach to health is reflected in European Union law, which views the organisation, not individuals, as the generator of risk to occupational health (Cox et al., 2004; European Commission, 1989).
Prevalence and Trends of the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Epidemic in General Population - A Meta-Analysis

Objective To conduct a meta-analysis assessing the prevalence and trends of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) epidemic in general population. Method Studies that reported prevalence rates of AAA from the general population were identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and reference lists for the period between 1988 and 2013. Studies were included if they reported prevalence rates of AAA in general population from the community. In stratified analyses possible sources of bias, including areas difference, age, gender and diameter of aneurysms were examined. Publication bias was assessed with Egger's test method. Results 56 studies were identified. The overall pooled prevalence of AAA was 4.8% (4.3%, 5.3%). Stratified analyses showed the following results, areas difference: America 2.2% (2.2%, 2.2%), Europe 2.5% (2.4%, 2.5%), Australia 6.7% (6.5%, 7.0%), Asia 0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%); gender difference: male 6.0% (5.3%, 6.7%), female 1.6% (1.2%, 1.9%); age difference: 55–64years 1.3% (1.2%, 1.5%), 65–74 years 2.8% (2.7%, 2.9%), 75–84 years1.2%(1.1%, 1.3%), ≥85years0.6% (0.4%, 0.7%); aortic diameters difference: 30–39 mm, 3.3% (2.8%, 3.9%), 40–49 mm,0.7% (0.4%,1.0%), ≥50 mm, 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%). The prevalence of AAA has decreased in Europe from 1988 to 2013. Hypertension, smoking, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, claudication and renal insufficiency were risk factors for AAA in Europe. Conclusion AAA is common in general population. The prevalence of AAA is higher in Australia than America and Europe. The pooled prevalence in western countries is higher than the Asia. Future research requires a larger database on the epidemiology of AAA in general population.
Coping at University: an examination of achievement, motivation, self‐regulation, confidence, and method of entry

Abstract Undergraduate university students (n = 132) completed a questionnaire containing measures of psychological variables, verbal ability, an evaluation of their course of study, and demographic characteristics. We also had access to their academic results. We examined the relationships among these variables, especially the psychological variables, and compared them with those posited by recent theoretical work that makes connections among motivation, self‐regulation, and self‐efficacy. We then looked at which variables predicted academic achievement. The sample contained two sub‐samples: mature‐age students who had entered university via an enabling program; and younger students who entered university on the basis of high school results. With universities under severe financial pressure, university‐run enabling programs must demonstrate their effectiveness in terms of students’ successful progress in undergraduate degrees if they are to continue. We compared these two groups of students on the measur.
Identity undoing and power relations in leadership development

Leadership development theory and practice is increasingly turning its gaze on identity as a primary focus for development efforts. Most of this literature focuses on how the identities of participants are strengthened, repaired and evolved. This article focuses on identity work practices that are underdeveloped in the literature: the deconstruction, unravelling and letting go that can be experienced when working upon one’s self. We group these experiences, among others, under the conceptual term ‘identity undoing’ and, based on findings from an 18-month ethnographic study of a leadership development program, we offer five manifestations of how it can be experienced. Through foregrounding the undoing of identity, we are able to look more closely at how power relations shape the leadership development experience. In order to raise questions and propositions for leadership and its development we use a micro-sociological and interactionist approach to explore the interplay between identity and power.
The effect of motivation on political selective exposure and selective perception

This study examines the effect of motivation on political selective exposure and selective perception using an online experiment. Studies have found that though people have a preference for like-minded political information over counterattitudinal information, they do not avoid counter-attitudinal political information altogether (Garrett, 2009; Garrett, Carnahan, & Lynch, 2011; Stroud, 2008). This study examines under what conditions people are likely to expose themselves to more like-minded information than counter-attitudinal information and under what conditions people are likely to seek out more counter-attitudinal information than like-minded information. Based on the theory of motivated reasoning and Hart et al. (2009)’s model, I proposed a model that explained selective exposure and selective perception based on motivation. Defense motivation, the motivation to hold attitudeconsistent cognitions with one’s original attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors, was predicted to increase selective exposure and selective perception. Accuracy motivation, the motivation to arrive at the correct conclusion, was predicted to reduce selective exposure and selective perception. Finally, information utility motivation, the motivation to choose information that has the highest utility, was predicted to reduce selective exposure when counter-attitudinal information was equally useful as attitude-consistent information, but increase selective exposure when attitudeconsistent information was more useful than counter-attitudinal information. In both cases, it was predicted that the selective perception pattern would not be changed. The study also tested the additive effect of the three motivations and examined which
Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in southwest of Iran

Introduction: Hypertension is an important cause of stroke, heart and kidney disease and these diseases are the cause for about two-thirds of all mortalities around the world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 944 participants older than 20 years were enrolled. Systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive medication was considered as hypertension. Systolic BP = 140-159 mm Hg or diastolic BP = 90-99 mm Hg were defined as stage 1, and systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥100 mm Hg were considered as stage 2 of hypertension. Systolic BP = 120-139 mm Hg and diastolic BP= 80-89 mm Hg were considered as prehypertensive state. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in Ahvaz was 17.58% (95% CI: 15.28-20.14) (males; 45.8%, females; 54.2%). Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 8.6%; age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 3.7%. Seventy-two cases (7.7%) were prehypertensive. The frequency of stage 1 hypertension was 10.8% and stage 2 was 5.7%. Among them, 53.6% were not aware of their disease and 22% of hypertensive cases were controlled. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, metabolic syndrome and family history of hypertension had significant relationship with hypertension. Conclusion: This study showed that, age, metabolic syndrome and family history of disease are risk factors of hypertension in Ahvaz population. About half of patients were unaware of their disease and about 20% had controlled BP.
Interaction of Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants with M2 and M3 Muscarinic Receptors in Guinea Pig Lung and Heart

Background Neuromuscular blocking agents such as gallamine and pancuronium bind to muscarinic cholinergic receptors and alter parasympathetically mediated airway caliber and heart rate. In the lungs, acetylcholine induces bronchoconstriction via M3 muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle, whereas in the heart M2 muscarinic receptors mediate bradycardia. Moreover, release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves in the lung is decreased by inhibitory M2 receptors on the nerves, which represent a negative feedback system. Blockade of these receptors potentiates vagally induced bronchoconstriction, which may be clinically important if the M3 receptors on airway muscle are not blocked. These experiments were designed to examine the effects of the newer, nondepolarizing muscle relaxants pipecuronium, doxacurium, and mivacurium on pulmonary and cardiac muscarinic receptors. Methods Guinea pigs were anesthetized with urethane, paralyzed with succinylcholine, and their lungs mechanically ventilated. Pulmonary inflation pressure and heart rate were measured before and after electrical stimulation of both vagus nerves to evaluate prejunctional M sub 2 muscarinic receptor function and after intravenous acetylcholine to evaluate post‐junctional M3 and M2 receptor function in the presence of increasing concentrations of pancuronium, mivacurium, pipecuronium, and doxacurium. Results Pancuronium was an antagonist for M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. Mivacurium was a more potent antagonist of M3 than M2 receptors. Pipecuronium was an antagonist of M2 but not M3 receptors. Doxacurium was not an antagonist of either M2 or M3 muscarinic receptors. Only pancuronium and pipecuronium potentiated vagally induced bronchoconstriction. With pipecuronium, the potentiation occurred at concentrations greater than those used clinically. Conclusions Although pipecuronium is an M2 receptor antagonist with no M3 receptor antagonist properties, potentiation of reflex‐induced bronchoconstriction is unlikely, because this effect occurred only at doses greater than those used clinically.
Narratives of identity of self‐initiated expatriates in Qatar

Purpose – The paper aims to contribute to the discussion about how SIEs articulate narratives as cognitive efforts to expand, restrict or adapt their repertoire of identities in highly regulated environments.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from a social constructivist positioning, the paper explores situated social and relational practices using a qualitative framework that relied on primary data gathering through semi‐structured interviews. Qatar is a context of particular interest for exploring identity narratives of SIEs given the highly regulated environment and the large numbers of non‐nationals within the overall workforce. The study was conducted in an anonymous Qatari public shareholding company.Findings – Findings suggest that narratives of self are framed in relation to structural constraints and patterns of adaptation. These reveal the interplay between identity, careers and self‐initiated expatriation at macro‐country and micro‐individual levels. As part of these themes, narratives of mo.
The chemokine receptor CCR5 genetic polymorphism and expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objectives: To identify the genetic polymorphism of the chemokine receptor CCR5 (the Δ32 allelic variant) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare the findings with healthy controls. To compare the CCR5 phenotypic expression in T cells and monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood and synovial fluid in a subgroup of RA patients. Methods: CCR5 genes of 92 RA patients and 160 healthy controls were genotyped using specific primers flanking the region of deletion. The ethnic distribution was similar between the groups. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping the T cells and monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of eight RA patients. The isolated cells were triple stained with CD4 or CD8, CD25 and CCR5 monoclonal antibodies. Results: There was no difference in the CCR5Δ32 genotypic frequency between the RA patients and the control group (0.055 and 0.063, respectively, p = 0.989). No homozygote for the CCR5Δ32 allele was seen in either group. Five heterozygotes were identified in the RA patient group, whose disease was shown to be aggressive. A significant enrichment of activated CCR5+ monocytes was seen in the synovial fluid of the RA patients subjected to arthrocentesis, who were all homozygotes for the CCR5 wild‐type genotype. Conclusion: A protective role for the CCR5 allelic variant in RA development was not observed. Disease severity in the heterozygotes suggests that other proinflammatory mechanisms might overcome this mutation in vivo. The activated CCR5+ monocyte enrichment in the rheumatoid synovial fluid might indicate that this cell population has an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Organizational Decline and Turnaround

In the 20 years since the last review on organizational decline and turnaround, the scope of turnaround research has expanded dramatically; however, research on this phenomenon remains empirically and theoretically fragmented. Recent research has incorporated managerial cognition, strategic leadership, and stakeholder management and has identified simultaneous and complex resource-based actions beyond the two-stage model developed in the last review by Pearce and Robbins two decades ago. Thus, herein we build from Pearce and Robbins’ review by cataloguing the past 20 years of empirical evidence related to turnaround, developing a descriptive model of organizational decline and turnaround, and concluding with a theory-based research agenda for organizational decline and turnaround. In doing so, this article summarizes what we know about organizational decline and turnaround, and proposes what we need to study, while providing a theoretical road map to guide this future research.
Magnetic and magnetoelectric excitations in multiferroic manganites

We review the recent experimental findings concerning the magnetic and magnetoelectric excitations in multiferroic manganites with special focus on orthorhombic RMnO3 (R = rare earth). The dynamics of these materials has attracted special attention recently due to the existence of novel magnetoelectric excitations which were termed electromagnons. In addition to the strong electric activity of the electromagnons, a series of other excitations of magnetic and magnetoelectric nature is observed in the same frequency range as the electromagnons. We summarize the systematics of the existing modes and the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Female sexual function varies over time and is dependent on partner-specific factors: a population-based longitudinal analysis of six sexual function domains

Background Most studies examining female sexual functions (FSFs) have used cross-sectional designs, not allowing for studying temporal stability and possible relationships between different FSFs over time. Our aim was to study these relationships using a longitudinal approach. Method The study sample consisted of 2173 Finnish women from two large-scale, population-based data collections 7 years apart. The Female Sexual Function Index was used. Analyses were further conducted separately for women in different relationship constellations. Results Standardized autoregressive paths ranged from 0.136 (sexual satisfaction) to 0.447 (orgasm function) in the full sample, suggesting that most of the variance in FSF was explained by something other than previous function. Orgasm, desire and satisfaction were the strongest predictors of other functions in the full sample and for women in the same relationship at both time points (higher orgasm function predicted higher function in other domains; greater sexual desire and satisfaction predicted lower function in other domains), however, with small effects sizes. For single women, orgasm function and sexual desire were the only significant autoregressive paths. Significant unidirectional cross-domain paths were found for women in the same relationship at both time points. One significant cross-domain path, not confirmed as unidirectional, was found for single women. Conclusions FSFs varied considerably over 7 years and relationship status was of importance when assessing temporal stability and cross-domain effects. Our results advocate tailored psychobehavioural treatment interventions for female sexual dysfunctions that take partner-specific factors into account.
Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma variants in idiopathic sporadic Parkinson disease

Objective: Dysfunction of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) has been recently recognized as an important cause of inherited neurodegenerative diseases. We have reported dominant and recessive inheritance of parkinsonism, mitochondrial myopathy, and premature amenorrhea in five ethnically distinct families with POLG1 mutations. This prompted us to carry out a detailed analysis of the coding region and intron-exon boundaries of POLG1 in Finnish patients with idiopathic sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) and in nonparkinsonian controls. Methods: The coding region of POLG1 was analyzed in 140 Finnish patients with PD and their 127 spouses as age- and ethnically matched controls. Further, we analyzed the intragenic CAG-repeat region of POLG1 in 126 additional patients with nonparkinsonian neurologic disorders and in 516 Finnish population controls. Results: We found clustering of rare variants of the POLG1 CAG-repeat, encoding a polyglutamine tract, in Finnish patients with idiopathic PD as compared to their spouses (p = 0.003; OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.35 to 6.71), population controls (p = 0.001; OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.14), and patients with nonparkinsonian neurologic disorders (p = 0.05, OR 1.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 4.05). We found several amino acid substitutions, none of them associating with PD. These included a previously parkinsonism-associated POLG variant Y831C, found in one patient with PD, but also in five controls, suggesting that it is a neutral amino acid polymorphism. Conclusions: Our results suggest that POLG polyglutamine tract variants should be considered as a predisposing genetic factor in idiopathic sporadic Parkinson disease.
Recuperación de niños y niñas tras su adopción

Resumen Los niños y niñas adoptados suelen tener antecedentes de adversidad. Antes de su adopción, muchos fueron objeto de negligencia, maltrato y malnutrición, pasando además un tiempo significativo en instituciones. La investigación ha analizado los retrasos a su llegada y las posteriores posibilidades de recuperación en aspectos de desarrollo tales como el crecimiento físico, la vinculación afectiva, el desarrollo cognitivo y el rendimiento escolar, la autoestima y los problemas de conducta. Mediante una serie de meta-análisis de más de 270 estudios que incluyen a más de 230.000 niños, adoptados y no adoptados, se puso a prueba un modelo de recuperación. Aunque la recuperación respecto a los compañeros actuales sea incompleta en algunos aspectos de desarrollo (particularmente, del crecimiento físico y la vinculación afectiva), los adoptados superan ampliamente a sus compañeros institucionalizados y muestran una recuperación enorme en prácticamente todos los ámbitos de desarrollo. Los datos de esta comparación se contrastan con la información procedente de la investigación sobre adopción en España.
Evolving MCDM Applications Using Hybrid Expert-Based ISM and DEMATEL Models: An Example of Sustainable Ecotourism

Ecological degradation is an escalating global threat. Increasingly, people are expressing awareness and priority for concerns about environmental problems surrounding them. Environmental protection issues are highlighted. An appropriate information technology tool, the growing popular social network system (virtual community, VC), facilitates public education and engagement with applications for existent problems effectively. Particularly, the exploration of related involvement behavior of VC member engagement is an interesting topic. Nevertheless, member engagement processes comprise interrelated sub-processes that reflect an interactive experience within VCs as well as the value co-creation model. To address the top-focused ecotourism VCs, this study presents an application of a hybrid expert-based ISM model and DEMATEL model based on multi-criteria decision making tools to investigate the complex multidimensional and dynamic nature of member engagement. Our research findings provide insightful managerial implications and suggest that the viral marketing of ecotourism protection is concerned with practitioners and academicians alike.