Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Tracking: an Experimental Survey

There is a large variety of trackers, which have been proposed in the literature during the last two decades with some mixed success. Object tracking in realistic scenarios is difficult problem, therefore it remains a most active area of research in Computer Vision. A good tracker should perform well in a large number of videos involving illumination changes, occlusion, clutter, camera motion, low contrast, specularities and at least six more aspects. However, the performance of proposed trackers have been evaluated typically on less than ten videos, or on the special purpose datasets. In this paper, we aim to evaluate trackers systematically and experimentally on 315 video fragments covering above aspects. We selected a set of nineteen trackers to include a wide variety of algorithms often cited in literature, supplemented with trackers appearing in 2010 and 2011 for which the code was publicly available. We demonstrate that trackers can be evaluated objectively by survival curves, Kaplan Meier statistics, and Grubs testing. We find that in the evaluation practice the F-score is as effective as the object tracking accuracy (OTA) score. The analysis under a large variety of circumstances provides objective insight into the strengths and weaknesses of trackers. Arnold W. M. Smeulders is with Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and with Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Dung M. Chu is with Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Rita Cucchiara and Simone Calderara are with Faculty of Engineering of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. Afshin Dehghan and Mubarak Shah are with School of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, University of Florida, USA. * indicates equal contributions. October 18, 2013 DRAFT Digital Object Indentifier 10.1109/TPAMI.2013. 230 0162-8828/13/$31.00 © 2013 IEEE This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.
Effects of unsteady strain rate on scalar dissipation structures in turbulent planar jets

An analysis of previously acquired experimental data is performed with the objective of investigating the relationship between strain rate and scalar dissipation rate structures in gas-phase turbulent planar jet flows at local Reynolds numbers ranging from 1000 to 6100. The data analyzed were simultaneously acquired two-dimensional (2D) velocity and 2D conserved scalar fields. The measurements show that, in agreement with previous work, the scalar dissipation structures tend to align orthogonally to the axis of the principal compressive strain rate, and the magnitude of the strain rates acting on the dissipation layers is consistent with theoretical turbulent inner-scale values. Furthermore, the spatially resolved data show that profiles of scalar dissipation, taken across the sheet-like scalar dissipation structures, are approximately Gaussian, whereas the strain rate profiles across the same structures exhibit no characteristic shape, and rarely reach a maximum at the same location as the scalar dissipa.
Role of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in anxiety, depression and self‐esteem: A controlled cross‐sectional study

The psychological aspect in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is poorly documented. We sought to determine the role of DEB in anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. We conducted a cross‐sectional study, collecting data from 27 DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals. DEB patients and healthy controls completed three different psychometric scales for anxiety and depression and one scale for self‐esteem. DEB patients and healthy controls were homogeneous for age and sex (P > 0.05), but not for employment, marital status and economic level (P < 0.05). Median values of all psychometric battery scales were not statistically significant between DEB patients and healthy controls, except for Goldberg scale for anxiety (P = 0.003) and depression (P = 0.037) and slightly significant for Zung Scale for anxiety (P = 0.048) with no difference between DEB patients with dominant versus recessive form in all scales (P > 0.05). Among DEB patients, only employment showed a significant difference in all scales (P < 0.05) but Hamilton for depression, whereas self‐esteem seemed to be affected by marriage (P = 0.04) and education (P = 0.016). DEB patients apparently are not more anxious and/or depressed and do not have less self‐esteem than healthy individuals.
Effect of 48-h intravenous trimetazidine on short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction, with and without thrombolytic therapy; A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. The EMIP-FR Group. European Myocardial Infarction Project--Free Radicals.

AIMS To compare the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) versus placebo administered during the acute phase of myocardial infarction on long- and short-term mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS EMIP-FR (European Myocardial Infarction Project - Free Radicals) was a prospective, double-blind, European multicentre trial in which 19 725 patients, presenting symptoms of acute myocardial infarction within the previous 24 h were randomized. Stratification was according to thrombolytic therapy (56%) or not (44%). An intravenous bolus injection of trimetazidine (40 mg) was given just before or simultaneously with thrombolysis, followed by continuous infusion (60 mg. 24 h(-1)) for 48 h. Overall, no difference was found between trimetazidine and placebo for the main end-point, short-term (35-day) mortality, (P = 0.98) in an intention-to-treat analysis. This was the result of opposing trends in the two strata. Thrombolysed patients showed a tendency towards more short-term deaths with trimetazidine, compared to placebo (trimetazidine: 11.3%, placebo: 10.5%, P = 0.15) and non-thrombolysed patients the converse (trimetazidine: 14.0%, placebo: 15.1%, P = 0.14). In a per-protocol analysis the beneficial effect of trimetazidine for non-thrombolysed patients became statistically significant (trimetazidine: 13.3%, placebo: 15.1%, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Trimetazidine does not reduce mortality in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy; however, it might have some beneficial effect for non-thrombolysed patients.
Detecting User Communities Based on Latent and Dynamic Interest on a News Portal

This paper describes our work on identifying communities of individuals based on their interests while browsing the web. A user can belong to several communities at a time, where each community represents parts of his interests. We assume that recommendations coming from such communities are more accurate than from communities based on a whole user prole. We describe how to record and identify particular interests for each user. Interests evolve from analysis of the resources that the user has viewed in the past and are dened as cluster of keywords. Based on the time period we model short term and long term interests. The novel approach is to create virtual communities based on these interests, both short and long. To evaluate our approach we built articles recommender for a news portal. As recommender systems are tailored to the specic domain, we also adapted our approach slightly to better t the news portal domain, which is highly dynamic and with frequent changes. We consider these time-dependent changes by weighting the inuence of volatile communities on recommendations.
Isolation of a heterogeneous population of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus from persistently infected human lymphoblastoid cell lines

Two human lymphoblastoid B-cell lines, WI-L2 and 8866, were infected with the Edmonston strain of measles virus at a multiplicity of infection of 10(-6), and stable persistent infections were established. By immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, the vast majority of cells from both cell lines were expressing viral antigens and releasing virion-like particles. However, very little infectious virus could be detected at 37 degrees C, either by an infectious centers assay or by titration of supernates from persistently infected cultures. When cultures were shifted to 31 degrees C, the cells released a population of virus that was temperature-sensitive. Clonal analysis of supernatant virus at 31 degrees C revealed a highly heterogeneous population of temperature-sensitive mutants, differing in plating efficiency ratios, thermolability, and antigen production at the nonpermissive temperature. Factors such as interferon, defective interfering particles, and extracellular virus do not appear to be important in maintaining the persistent carrier state. These studies have important implications for persistent infections of lymphoid cells in vivo, and the slow neurological diseases associated with measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and multiple sclerosis.
Ascl1/Mash1 Is a Novel Target of Gli2 during Gli2-Induced Neurogenesis in P19 EC Cells

The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is important for neurogenesis in vivo. Gli transcription factors, effector proteins of the Shh signaling pathway, have neurogenic properties in vivo, which are still poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of neurogenic properties of Gli2, we used a well-established embryonic stem cell model, the P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, which can be induced to differentiate into neurons in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). We found that, in the absence of RA, overexpression of Gli2 induced P19 EC cells to differentiate into neurons, but not astrocytes during the first ten days of differentiation. To our knowledge, this is the first indication that the expression of Gli factors can convert EC cells into neurons. Furthermore, Gli2 upregulated expression of the neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors, such as NeuroD, Neurog1 and Ascl1/Mash1 in P19 EC cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that Gli2 bound to multiple regulatory regions in the Ascl1 gene, including promoter and enhancer regions during Gli2-induced neurogenesis. In addition, Gli2 activated the Ascl1/Mash1 promoter in vitro. Using the expression of a dominant-negative form of Gli2, fused to the Engrailed repression domain, we observed a reduction in gliogenesis and a significant downregulation of the bHLH factors Ascl1/Mash1, Neurog1 and NeuroD, leading to delayed neurogenesis in P19 EC cells, further supporting the hypothesis that Ascl1/Mash1 is a direct target of Gli2. In summary, Gli2 is sufficient to induce neurogenesis in P19 stem cells at least in part by directly upregulating Ascl1/Mash1. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the neurogenic properties of Gli2 in vitro, and offer novel plausible explanations for its in vivo neurogenic properties.
The criminogenic needs of offenders with intellectual disability and personality disorder

While the mainstream offender literature has advanced recently, the evidence for effective treatments for offenders with an intellectual disability and personality disorder is limited. This thesis aims to contribute to the evidence base by identifying those psychological factors that are shown to benefit from treatment intervention for this particular group of offenders. In order to do this the thesis is presented in three distinct phases. First, in chapter two, a framework for identifying needs in offenders with PD is critiqued and the strengths and weaknesses of this framework are then used to inform the development of a similar approach to the identification of criminogenic needs for offenders with ID and PD (The Treatment Need Matrix; TNM). Chapter three provides a systematic review that was undertaken to establish the relevant areas of need for these offenders, and establish definitions of the areas identified. Research into the reliability of this framework is described in chapter four, with results suggesting that the TNM compares favorably to similar structured clinical judgment tools. Chapter five concludes the thesis by discussing the overall findings and concludes that the TNM provides a useful and unique framework for the identification of treatment needs in offenders with ID and PD.
Relationship between cerebral pharmacokinetics and anxiolytic activity of diazepam and its active metabolites after a single intra‐peritoneal administration of diazepam in mice

The relationship between the cerebral pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam) and the anxiolytic effect evaluated by the four‐plates test and the light/dark test were investigated after a single intra‐peritoneal injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg). For up to 30 min after administration, the sedative effect interfered with the anxiolytic effect, thus the results of the anxiolytic effect were not interpretable. From 30 min to 60 min after administration, this interference disappeared, the cerebral level of benzodiazepines was stable (the brain elimination of diazepam was compensated for by the appearance of desmethyldiazepam followed by oxazepam) but the anxiolytic effect decreased dramatically in all the tests with diazepam 1 mg/kg or 1.5 mg/kg. The acute tolerance to benzodiazepines and the difference of affinity for subtypes of GABA(A) receptors between diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam could explain this result. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations between Maternal, Breast Milk, and Infant Vitamin B12 Concentrations among Mother–Infant Dyads in Vancouver, Canada and Prey Veng, Cambodia: An Exploratory Analysis

Vitamin B12 plays an essential role in fetal and infant development. In regions where animal source food consumption is low and perinatal supplementation is uncommon, infants are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. In this secondary analysis, we measured total vitamin B12 concentrations in maternal and infant serum/plasma and breast milk among two samples of mother–infant dyads in Canada (assessed at 8 weeks post-partum) and in Cambodia (assessed between 3–27 weeks post-partum). Canadian mothers (n = 124) consumed a daily vitamin B12-containing multiple micronutrient supplement throughout pregnancy and lactation; Cambodian mothers (n = 69) were unsupplemented. The maternal, milk, and infant total vitamin B12 concentrations (as geometric means (95% CI) in pmol/L) were as follows: in Canada, 698 (648,747), 452 (400, 504), and 506 (459, 552); in Cambodia, 620 (552, 687), 317 (256, 378), and 357 (312, 402). The majority of participants were vitamin B12 sufficient (serum/plasma total B12 > 221 pmol/L): 99% and 97% of mothers and 94% and 84% of infants in Canada and Cambodia, respectively. Among the Canadians, maternal, milk, and infant vitamin B12 were all correlated (p < 0.05); only maternal and infant vitamin B12 were correlated among the Cambodians (p < 0.001).
Leadership and Construction Industry Development in Developing Countries

Leadership is important in all fields of human endeavour. Features of the construction process and construction projects render leadership even more essential. Construction projects are expensive and technically demanding and the project teams are large and diverse. The process is long and involves a large number of discrete and interrelated tasks. Because constructed products influence long-term socioeconomic development in developing countries, poor performance on projects can have severe implications for the nation and its citizens. Thus, the need for effective leadership in construction is even more acute. It may be argued that "effective leadership" is one of the primary answers to the problems of the construction industry, including (and perhaps, especially) problems in developing countries. To this end, greater attention should be given to leadership development. The following questions are addressed in this study. What is leadership? How important is it in construction? How relevant is leadership to construction in developing countries? How has research on leadership developed over time? What is the current status of research on leadership in construction? How can the situation be improved, especially for the leadership needs of developing countries? What are the relevant issues for construction leadership in developing countries? After addressing these questions, the subject of leadership is related to construction industry development. An agenda for research on construction leadership in developing countries is presented.
Energy Efficient Radio Access Architectures for Green Radio: Large versus Small Cell Size Deployment

In this paper new architectural approaches that improve the energy efficiency of a cellular radio access network (RAN) are investigated. The aim of the paper is to characterize both the energy consumption ratio (ECR) and the energy consumption gain (ECG) of a cellular RAN when the cell size is reduced for a given user density and service area. The paper affirms that reducing the cell size reduces the cell ECR as desired while increasing the capacity density but the overall RAN energy consumption remains unchanged. In order to trade the increase in capacity density with RAN energy consumption, without degrading the cell capacity provision, a sleep mode is introduced. In sleep mode, cells without active users are powered-off, thereby saving energy. By combining a sleep mode with a small-cell deployment architecture, the paper shows that the ECG can be increased by the factor n = (R/R) while the cell ECR continues to decrease with decreasing cell size.
First Nations and Higher Education: The Four R's--Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity, Responsibility.

American Indian/First Nations/Native people have been historically under-represented in the ranks of college and university graduates in Canada and the United States. From an institutional perspective, the problem has been typically defined in terms of low achievement, high attrition, poor retention, weak persistence, etc., thus placing the onus for adjustment on the student. From the perspective of the Indian student, however, the problem is often cast in more human terms, with an emphasis on the need for a higher educational system that respects them for who they are, that is relevant to their view of the world, that offers reciprocity in their relationships with others, and that helps them exercise responsibility over their own lives. This paper examines the implications of these differences in perspective and identifies ways in which initiatives within and outside of existing institutions are transforming the landscape of higher education for First Nations/American Indian people in both Canada and the United States.
"Where is My Mind"- The Evolution of NPCs in Online Worlds

Online worlds are complex places, where we have to know some of the rules of play to engage in the interaction. These worlds are both inhabited by human players and artificial agents called “non player characters” (NPCs). This is an article about how online worlds can contain a new level of interaction using more humanlike NPCs. We propose a new way to describe social interaction in online worlds, where NPCs are modelled to incorporate some of the traits that are more common to man. We also propose a way of analysing current NPCs and a way to create more humanlike NPCs that can contribute to a more unpredictable gaming experience, which seems to be the most promising aspect in the development of online worlds.
Whanau Whakapakari: a Māori-centred approach to child rearing and Parent-training programmes

The goal of this Whanau Whakapakari (Strengthening Families) research was to define critical aspects of Maori experiences and views on child-rearing practices, and to describe whanau (extended family) values and expectations for tamariki (children) and mokopuna (grandchildren). Furthermore, these Maori views were included in culturally adapted parent-training programmes. The overall aim was to devise an approach to emphasise client strengths and provide best outcomes for research participants. Qualitative aspects included discussing the research processes in the Maori community by acknowledging the roles of whanau, hapu (sub-tribal), and iwi (tribal) structures. I also identified the importance of pan-tribal and urban Maori groups in the current research. As the project developed, an ongoing consultation and feedback protocol was established to ensure that Maori views on the research and the written outcomes were recognised. In-depth interviews with kaumatua (elders), and focus groups with Maori service providers and Maori parents were analysed qualitatively to establish Maori values in child rearing and parenting, and the knowledge and skills that contribute to effective parenting and family functioning. Values identified from these participants confirmed the central role of whanaungatanga (family connections), whakapapa (genealogy), and awhinatanga (support) for Maori. Two culturally adapted parent-training programmes, the Matuatanga (Parenting) Relationships Model and the Matuatanga Values Model programmes, were developed and compared with a Standard Parent Training programme. The Matuatanga Relationships Model programme emphasised the importance of child, parent and whanau relationships and interactions. The Matuatanga Values Model programme emphasised Maori values derived from the qualitative data whanaungatanga, whakapapa and awhinatanga. A range of preand post-training measures were undertaken to identify acceptable and appropriate measures for quantifying parent-training outcomes. These included questions on support networks, parent expectations of children, parental self-efficacy, parental selfrating, critical-incident scenarios, and programme evaluation. While 78 participants attended at least one of the research sessions 22 participants provided preand post-training measures for the Whanau Whakapakari programmes. Results showed that there was a medium effect size improvement across all
Pretty Pelvis: A Virtual Pet Application That Breaks Sedentary Time by Promoting Gestural Interaction

Prolonged sitting can be detrimental to our postures which can cause spinal and pelvic problems. It may also lead to a shortened lifespan due to its adverse impact on cardio metabolic health. One way of preventing and mitigating these risks is to break sedentary time. We find it difficult, however, to actively monitor ourselves and commit to making these breaks in the middle of studying or working. The work presented in this paper proposes a motivational smartphone application that connects to a sensor-equipped seat device to track sitting behavior. The application's distinguishing feature is its interactive virtual pet, which acts as a motivational factor to promote healthier sitting habits. The application analyzes sensor readings from the seat device and prompts users with their virtual pet to take physical action. Our prototype is the outcome of a thorough investigation of user needs.
Identification of Confusable Drug Names: A New Approach and Evaluation Methodology

This paper addresses the mitigation of medical errors due to the confusion of sound-alike and look-alike drug names. Our approach involves application of two new methods---one based on orthographic similarity ("look-alike") and the other based on phonetic similarity ("sound-alike"). We present a new recall-based evaluation methodology for determining the effectiveness of different similarity measures on drug names. We show that the new orthographic measure (BI-SIM) outperforms other commonly used measures of similarity on a set containing both look-alike and sound-alike pairs, and that the feature-based phonetic approach (ALINE) outperforms orthographic approaches on a test set containing solely sound-alike confusion pairs. However, an approach that combines several different measures achieves the best results on both test sets.