Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Fitness of Cry1A-Resistant and -Susceptible Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Conventional and Transgenic Cotton

Abstract Glasshouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative fitness of Cry1A-susceptible and laboratory-selected resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Life history parameters of H. armigera larvae feeding on young cotton plants showed a significant developmental delay of up to 7 d for the resistant strain compared with the susceptible strain on non-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton. This fitness cost was not evident on artificial diet. There was no developmental delay in the F1 hybrid progeny from the reciprocal backcross of the resistant and susceptible strains, indicating that the fitness cost is recessive. In two cohorts tested, survival to pupation of resistant larvae on Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac was 54 and 51% lower than on non-Bt cotton, whereas all susceptible and F1 larvae tested on Cry1Ac cotton were killed. Mortality of susceptible larvae occurred in the first or second instar, whereas the F1 larvae were able to develop to later instars before dying, demonstrating that resistance is incompletely recessive. The intrinsic rate of increase was reduced by >50% in the resistant strain on Cry1Ac cotton compared with the susceptible strain on non-Bt cotton. There was a significant reduction in the survival of postdiapausal adults from the resistant strain and the F1 strains, indicating that there is a nonrecessive overwintering cost associated with Cry1A resistance in H. armigera.
Special Education in Urban America

We review current practices in urban school districts related to referral and placement of academically low-functioning children in special education. Data we have collected over a 10-year period indicate that today's child with learning disabilities functions very similarly to the way students with educable mental retardation performed 25 years ago. We discuss the characteristics and needs of inner-city special education youngsters and the difficult options facing school administrators.
Dating Violence among High School Students

Students from three midwestern high schools were surveyed regarding their experience with sexual, physical, and verbal dating violence. There were 631 respondents from suburban, rural, and inner-city schools. The survey explored the proportion of students who experienced violence and the characteristics and correlates of the violence. The proportion of females who reported sexual violence was 15.5 percent; the proportion was the same for physical violence. However, it rose to 24.6 percent reporting sexual or physical violence or both. The proportion of male respondents reporting violence was lower: 4.4 percent for sexual violence, 7.8 percent for physical violence, and 9.9 percent for both sexual and physical violence. Significant correlates of violence included dating patterns, grade point average, and the community in which the student lived. Respondents said violence tended to recur, but they did not disclose this to parents or officials. Implications with regard to the causes, treatment, and prevention of violence are discussed. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Social Work, 1992. Copyright © 1992 by the National Association of Social Workers) Dating Violence Offender Dating Violence Victim Juvenile Female Juvenile Male Juvenile Dating Violence Juvenile Offender Juvenile Victim Juvenile Violence Senior High School Student Rural Youth Suburban Youth Urban Youth Late Adolescence Dating Violence Incidence and Prevalence Partner Violence Violence Against Women 05-00
Stagnation and Change in Irish Penal Policy

Anyone with even a cursory interest in the prison system of the Republic of Ireland will be struck by how quickly one arrives at the frontiers of knowledge. Getting the measure of penal policy issues is not so much a question of weighing up competing claims for understanding and sifting the accumulated evidence, as attempting to paint a crude, and hopefully not too distorted, picture of a landscape that is mostly in shadows. Where there is a measure of illumination it is often dim. Notwithstanding the lack of baseline information, the government has embarked on a programme of prison expansion. Interestingly, while the total number behind bars has grown, the population of sentenced prisoners has changed little, a fact that has gone largely unnoticed despite its implications for penal planning.
IL-32, a novel proinflammatory cytokine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lung, yet the mechanisms that regulate this immune-inflammatory response are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether IL-32, a newly discovered cytokine, was related to markers of inflammation and clinical progression in COPD. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, expression of IL-32 was examined in surgically resected specimens from 40 smokers with COPD (FEV(1) = 39 +/- 4% predicted), 11 smokers with normal lung function, and 9 nonsmoking control subjects. IL-32 was quantified in alveolar macrophages, alveolar walls, bronchioles, and arterioles, and confirmed by molecular analysis. The levels of IL-32 were correlated with the cellular infiltrates, markers of inflammation, and clinical data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Macrophage staining for IL-32 was increased in smokers with COPD compared with control smokers and nonsmokers (P = 0.0014 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and similar differences were observed in alveolar walls (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0005) and bronchiolar epithelium (P = 0.004 and P = 0.0009). This increase was also detected at the mRNA level (P = 0.007 vs. control smokers and P = 0.029 vs. nonsmokers) and was mainly due to non-alpha isoforms. Moreover, IL-32 expression was positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P = 0.004, r(s)=0.70), CD8(+)cells (P = 0.02, r(s)=0.46), phospho p38MAPK (P < 0.01, r(s)=0.60) and negatively with FEV(1) values (P = 0.004, r(s)= -0.53). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate increased expression of IL-32 in lung tissue of patients with COPD, where it was colocalized with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction. These results suggest that IL-32 is implicated in the characteristic immune response of COPD, with a possible impact on disease progression.
Web-Protege: A Lightweight OWL Ontology Editor for the Web

In this paper, we present Web-Protege—a web-based lightweight ontology editor. Web-Protege is open source, uses the Google Web Toolkit (GWT) for the user interface, and Protege for supporting ontology services. We used components of Collaborative Protege to augment the ontology-editing environment with facilities for discussions and annotations. In this paper, we describe both the server and the client components of the system. We built the user interface using the portal metaphor, which allows easy customization of the user interface for individual users. The plug-in architecture allows easy extension of the user interface with custom components. The server component is implemented in Java and provides methods for accessing the ontology content and manages the changes the users make in different clients. A demo version is available at http://bmir-protege-dev1.stanford. edu/webprotege/.
Comparison of Transvaginal Ultrasonography with Hysterosonography as a Screening Method in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Objective To assess the utility of hysterosonography (HS) as a screening method in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and HS for 105 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed pathologically. All 105 patients were initially evaluated on the same day with both TVS and HS. On TVS and HS examination, endometrial cavitary lesions were classified as diffuse hyperplasia, endometrial polyp, endometrial cancer, uterine synechia and submucosal leiomyoma. Hysteroscopy with biopsy (n=35), curettage (n=60) or hysterectomy (n=10) was performed, and the results of TVS and HS examination were correlated with the pathological findings. Results The sensitivity and specificity were 79.0% and 45.8% for TVS, and 95.1% and 83.3% for HS, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 83.0% and 39.3% for TVS, and 95.1% and 83.3% for HS, respectively. Twenty-seven showed a discrepancy between the TVS and HS, and eight cases showed a discrepancy between HS and the pathologic diagnosis. Conclusion TVS is a sensitive method to evaluate the endometrial cavitary lesions, but it often does not provide the physician with sufficient diagnostic information. With its higher sensitivities, specificities and positive and negative predictive values, HS can be better used than TVS in evaluating those patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Conduction studies in peripheral cat nerve using implanted electrodes: II. The effects of prolonged constriction on regeneration of crushed nerve fibers

Arrays of chronically implanted electrodes were used to examine the time course of elongation and maturation of peripheral nerve fibers in the cat after crush of the tibial nerve in the proximal calf. Regeneration after crush alone was compared with crush 5 mm proximal to a tight constriction of the nerve. Regeneration was monitored by the progression of excitability along the electrode arrays on the tibial and plantar nerves. The sensitivity was sufficient to record the averaged activity in single nerve fibers allowing detection of the earliest regeneration. The diameters of the fastest regenerating fibers were estimated from the conduction velocity proximal to the site of crush. Both after crush alone, and after crush constriction, small myelinated fibers regenerated in front of large fibers. The rate of elongation after crush alone was 3.2 mm/day, whereas it was slower (P < 0.02) distal to crush + constriction (2.2 mm/day). In both lesions, the extrapolated delay to onset of regeneration was 8 days. In observations up to 300 days after crush, maturation was delayed or impaired by the constriction, and the compound nerve action potential had a smaller amplitude and a dispersed shape. Transverse sections of nerves after crush + constriction showed a diminished number of large and an increased number of small fibers compared with crush alone, possibly due to persistent branching of regenerated fibers. After both crush alone and crush + constriction, regenerated fibers had similar g ratios, suggesting that myelination developed fully in fibers of diminshed diameters.
Inheritance of Diabetes Mellitus as Consequence of Gestational Hyperglycemia in Rats

Our study investigated whether a deterioration of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in adult female rats from hyperglycemic dams could be transmitted to the next generation independent of genetic interferences. Dams (F0) were rendered hyperglycemic by continuous glucose infusion during the last week of pregnancy. Females born of these rats (F1) exhibited glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion in vivo at adulthood. When they were 3 mo old, they were mated with males born of control dams. During pregnancy, their glucose tolerance remained impaired compared with that of controls. Consequently, F2 newborns of F1 hyperglycemic dams showed the main features of newborns from diabetic mothers: they were hyperglycemie, hyperinsulinemic, and macrosomic. As adults, they displayed basal hyperglycemia and defective glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. This indicates that the long-range deteriorating effects on glucose homeostasis of gestationai hyperglycemia in the F1generation are transmitted to the F2 generation and suggests that a perturbed fetal metabolic environment contributes to the inheritance of diabetes mellitus.
‘Please Mr Hay, what are my poss(abilities)?’: legitimation of ability through physical education practices

This paper provides two vignettes that draw on data from projects that interrogate how a student can be positioned by practices within physical education (PE) and directed by the PE teacher in relation to their valued or legitimated ability. Through the use of Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual tools of field, habitus and capital we investigate the complex legitimation processes that shape student poss(abilities) and that are situated in the space of the PE class. The first vignette is from the perspective of a student and draws on data from interviews, a journal, questionnaires and photos of her PE experiences in upper primary and lower secondary school. The second vignette focuses on teacher practices and his constitution of the field of a PE class highlighting the significance of teacher perspectives of ‘ability’ in informing assessment in senior secondary PE. Using these examples we discuss the symbolic violence that works against each student by positioning them as ‘less able’ or ‘unable’ despite their participation in a learning context. We argue that by not attending to the possible abilities of students that could have been recognized, developed and legitimated, and through the misuse of capital assignment by teachers, PE may well be counterproductive to students’ ongoing engagement with the subject area and the espoused potential upon which such a subject area justifies itself.
Leadership Style and Employee Turnover Intentions: A social Identity Perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to study how an approach of culturally‐specific human resource management (HRM) should moderate the relationship between leadership style and employee turnover.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaire data were collected from firms in both Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The subjects are 190 leader/member dyads (111 (58 percent) were from mainland China (i.e. Shenzhen), and 79 (42 percent) were from Hong Kong). Hierarchical regression model is adopted to test the hypotheses.Findings – Collecting empirical data from firms in different regions of China, it was found that a leadership style, i.e. leader‐member exchange (LMX), can have a significant effect on employee turnover. Moreover, the effect of LMX can be moderated by the C‐HRM‐oriented HRM (C‐HRM) approach. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings to academic researchers and practitioners. There exist both the direct effect and interactive effect of LMX on employees' organization id.
Measuring Between-School Segregation in an Open Enrollment System: The Case of Rio de Janeiro

Recent research in Rio de Janeiro public schools has brought to light a “Hidden Quasi-Market” that combines purported freedom of choice for parents with school control over their pupil intake. The article analyzes patterns of segregation among schools, from 2004 to 2010, according to three indicators of potentially disadvantaged pupils: Ethnic Background, Poverty, and Parents' Education. Segregation was assessed utilizing the Dissimilarity Index and the Segregation Index. The segregation trends over time, using different pupil characteristics, show distinctive trajectories, which might suggest at least two different segregation processes. Initial findings reinforce the need to track segregation by multiple pupil characteristics.
John Dewey and the savage mind: uniting anthropological, psychological, and pedagogical thought, 1894-1902.

In 1902 influential American philosopher John Dewey wrote a short essay on anthropolo-gists'view of the savage mind, arguing that it had had been unfairly dismissed as inchoate and incapable, when in fact the savage had much to teach scholars about the "present mind. " The ideas presented in Dewey's essay were not only theoretical; they also served as the basis for his entire curriculum his famous laboratory school at the University of Chicago. Thus, the author argues that Dewey's pedagogical thought informed his anthropological thought, and vice versa.
Small Group Decision Making: Communication and the Group Process

Introduction Chapter 1: How to Think About Group Process Chapter 2: Social and Task Dimensions of the Group Process Chapter 3: Structural Elemants of Group Communication Chapter 4: Communication in Groups Chapter 5: Behavioral Standards: Roles and Norms Chapter 6: The Process of Group Decision Making Chapter 7: Leadership and Power Chapter 8: Conflict and Deviance Chapter 9: Anatomy of Communication in Decision-Making Groups: Improving Effectiveness Appendix 1: Observing and Analyzing Small Group Communication Appendix 2: Glossary
Contesting Masculinity’s Makeover: Queer Eye, Consumer Masculinity, and “Straight-Acting” Gays

This article analyzes conflicting and competing discourses about gay masculinities in and about Bravo’s Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. The author analyzes Queer Eye’s normalization of consumer masculinity, which rejects aspects of traditional masculinity and depends on vanity consumption. The author argues that consumer masculinity is at odds with the masculinities that the gay men on StraightActing.com are attempting to uphold. Their interpretations of Queer Eye differ significantly from academic media critic Kylo-Patrick Hart’s interpretation that Queer Eye is the most positive representation of gay men ever. It is in the struggle over mediated masculinity that the men of StraightActing.com find themselves paradoxically aligned with radical conservatives in fearing the impact of Queer Eye on heterosexual audiences but for completely contradictory reasons.
Performance of VoIP over GPRS

We study the performance of VoIP over GPRS by simulation of standard GPRS system with some improvement for real time attributes. It is showed that the VoIP over GPRS has more capacity than circuit switch voice while guaranteeing acceptable QoS. With one radio frequency, the circuit switch system can provide 7 voice connections, while VoIP over GPRS can support 12 voice connections if they use the same 13Kbps speech coder. If VoIP over GPRS uses 5.3Kbps speech coder, it can support 34 voice connections. The uplink voice packet loss comes from the contention for the random access channels and shortage of idle data traffic channels. Because of its random contention characteristics, the access channel effective usage is low. We apply a modified PRMA to increase the access channel utilization, and the maximum voice connections can be increased by 17% compared to the reservation slotted ALOHA.
A Gendered Analysis of Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace

Drawing on a sociological analysis considering gender, this article explores how emotional intelligence (EI) abilities are socially constructed and valued. It presents a range of societal trends including “the future is female” to explore how both men and women are perceived and judged against symbolic representations of masculine and feminine when they perform gendered conceptions of EI. The article illuminates how women and men may be encouraged to take up feminine and masculine interpretations of EI skills but women fare less well. It then examines the effects of EI’s assessment and therapeutic methods in training and work-based use. It argues that these approaches are damaging to individuals when deployed in work environments where masculinized management resides as the dominant framework. Finally, the article discusses the findings in relation to HRD to reveal important theoretical guidelines for practice.
Insurgent Planning and Its Interlocutors

International service learning is shaped by complex and shifting relationships between different actors with different, sometimes conflicting interests. Especially in Latin America, practice, pedagogy, and politics are intimately entangled, which means that field-oriented pedagogy cannot be neatly separated from its professional and political context. This makes it particularly important to consider the role of students and educators in reinforcing or altering hegemonic relations of power. Service learning projects are often incorporated into existing structures of engagement, but by developing new relationships and ways of speaking in invented spaces, such pedagogy may serve to further insurgent planning practices.
Easing the transition: medical students' perceptions of critical skills required for the clerkships.

OBJECTIVES The preclinical years of undergraduate medical education provide educational content in a structured learning environment whereas clerkships provide clinical training in a more experiential manner. Although early clinical skills training is emphasized in many medical schools, students still feel unprepared and anxious about starting their clerkships. This study identifies the skills medical students perceive as essential and those skill areas students are most anxious about prior to starting clerkship rotations. METHODS Open-ended questionnaires were administered to two cohorts of students, preclinical students (PCS) completing their second year and clinical students (CS) in the ninth month of the clinical training of their third year at a single urban US medical school. The following questions were addressed in the survey: which three clinical skills do they perceive are most essential for the clerkships; which skills are students most anxious about as they enter clerkships; and what additional skills training should be provided to students to ease the transition into clerkships. RESULTS Response rate to the questionnaire was 84%. PCS (n=93) reported the three most essential skills to be prepared for clerkships are: history taking/physical examination (73%), proficiency in oral case presentations (56%), and generation of differential diagnosis (46%). CS (n=105) reported interpersonal skills (80%), history taking/physical examination (37%), and time management (26%) as most essential. PCS were most anxious about their oral case presentation skills (30%), but CS were most concerned about time management and self care (40%). CONCLUSIONS This study identified the skills that students at one school regard as most important to have mastered before beginning clerkship training and the areas students find most anxiety provoking before and after they make the transition into clerkships. These results can inform medical educators about needed curriculum to facilitate this transition and decrease the anxiety of students entering the clinical realm.
One-parent-one-language (OPOL) families: is the majority language-speaking parent instrumental in the minority language development?

The aim of this study is to examine the strategies majority language-speaking parents use to support the development of the minority language in families who follow the pattern of exposure known as one-parent-one-language (OPOL). In this particular pattern of raising a child bilingually, each parent speaks only their own native language to their children. Previous studies concerned with language development in children raised under the OPOL pattern primarily focused on how input from the minority language-speaking parent affects minority language development, leaving the role of the majority language-speaking parent largely unexplored. To address this gap, a case study was carried out on three families in Brisbane, Australia, who reported following the OPOL pattern. Video and audio recordings were taken, along with interviews using an elicited recall task based on the recordings to gather data on the families' language practices and motivations. The results of the qualitative analysis suggest that, in these families, the majority language-speaking parent plays an important role that extends beyond the provision of input in the majority language and may contribute to fostering minority language development and maintenance.