Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alliance Capitalism: The Social Organization of Japanese Business.

Business practices in Japan inspire fierce and even acrimonious debate, especially when they are compared to American practices. This book attempts to explain the remarkable economic success of Japan in the post-war period - a success it is useful to understand in a time marked by controversial trade imbalances and concerns over competitive industrial performance. Gerlach focuses on what he calls the intercorporate alliance, the innovative and increasingly pervasive practice of bringing together a cluster of affiliated companies that extends across a broad range of markets. The best known of these alliances are the "keiretsu", or enterprise groups, which include both diversified families of firms located around major banks and trading companies and vertical families of suppliers and distributors linked to prominent manufacturers in the automobile, electronics and other industries. In providing a key link between isolated local firms and extended international markets, the intercorporate alliance has had profound effects on the industrial and social organization of Japanese businesses. Gerlach casts his net widely. He not only provides a rigorous analysis of intercorporate capitalism in Japan, making useful distinctions between Japanese and American practices, but he also develops a broad theoretical context for understanding Japan's business networks. Addressing economists, sociologists and other social scientists, he argues that the intercorporate alliance is as much a result of overlapping political, economic and social forces as traditional Western economic institutions such as the public corporation and the stock market. Most compellingly, "Alliance Capitalism" raises important questions about the best method of exchange in any economy. It identifies situations where cooperation among companies is an effective way of channelling corporate activities in a world marked by complexity and rapid change, and considers in detail alternatives to hostile takeovers and other characteristic features of American capitalism. The book also points to the broader challenges facing Japan and its trading partners as they seek to coordinate their distinctive forms of economic organization.
Performance of asynchronous orthogonal multicarrier CDMA system in frequency selective fading channel

An asynchronous multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme for the uplink of the mobile communication system operating in a frequency selective fading channel is analyzed. The bit error rate performance of the system with either equal gain combining or maximum-ratio combining is obtained. Numerical results indicate that the system performs better than that of the conventional DS-CDMA system and another MC-DS-CDMA system.
Peer Review in CS2: the Effects on Attitudes, Engagement, and Conceptual Learning

ion—Using classes to represent logical, cohesive, and coherent ideas or items. Methods have a logical fit with the class’s abstraction and provide common actions for that class. Implementation may not be known or defined but can still be used. Decomposition—Dividing the data, functionality, and responsibilities of a program into manageable portions. This includes creating classes to perform specific task and grouping them with association and aggregation to form more complex structures. This also involves the use of inheritance to separate out and take advantage of commonalities between classes. (The inclusion of inheritance and polymorphism in Decomposition is a divergence from the way Henderson-Sellers divides the concepts.) Encapsulation—Hiding information and restricting access to portions of a class. While this involves setting the correct scope for methods and variables, it also concerns what can be accessed, what can be changed, and when those actions can occur (e.g. can some of the internal state be read? Are values set by the constructor, by mutators, or by both? ). These are interesting concepts both because they are central to the discipline, because they require high-level thinking and advanced mental development (Piaget 1950; Perry 1970), and because
Book Review: The Formation of the Polish Community in Great Britain, 1939–1950

the year 2000, the principal tension will not be between blacks and whites, but between the Anglo communities and the Hispanic ones. The volume could have been enriched had there been some discussion of Native People, particularly Natives in Canada. This has been an important target group in recent years. The Native groups are fighting to gaincontrol over their lives and destinies. On the other hand, the Canadian government continues to restrict the options and opportunities open to them. But the government seems to have become aware of Native People's socioeconomic problems, and the policy-makers are attempting to change the present conditions. In order to effectively influence policy-makers, it would have been useful to include some discussion on these groups in the volume.
Long Range Scattering and Modified Wave Operators for some Hartree Type Equations II

Abstract. We study the theory of scattering for a class of Hartree type equations with long range interactions in space dimension n≥ 3, including Hartree equations with potential V(x) = $ \lambda \vert x \vert ^{-\gamma} $. For 0 < $ \gamma $≤ 1 we prove the existence of modified wave operators with no size restriction on the data and we determine the asymptotic behaviour in time of solutions in the range of the wave operators,thereby extending the results of a previous paper which covered the range 1/2 < $ \gamma $ < 1.
Fourth-Grade Students' Motivational Changes in an Elementary Physical Education Running Program

Achievement goal theory and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice were used to examine fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program. In fall and spring of the school year, participants (N = 113; 66 boys, 47 girls) completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals, expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future running participation. They also completed a timed 1-mile (1.6 km) run. The number of laps they ran/walked during the school year was used to assess students' persistence/effort. Results indicated the students improved their run but became less motivated about running while participating in a year-long running program. Children's beliefs about how good they were in the running program (i.e., expectancy beliefs) and their perceptions of how interesting and fun it was (i.e., interest) emerged as the strongest positive predictors of their motivation for running over time. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that expectancy beliefs and interest are essential to children's motivation in elementary physical education.
Hepatic Visceral Larva Migrans of Toxocara canis

A 54-year-old man with diabetes mellitus had a blood test and was found to have a blood eosinophilia (1,028/mm3). Liver-function tests were normal. A hepatic nodule was detected on screening of upper abdominal and renal sonography. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan (Figure 1) showed a small, oval, low-attenuating nodule in the right hepatic lobe. CT scans obtained 3, 6, and 10 months later (Figures 2–4) revealed that the nodule was migrating. During this 10-month time period, eosinophilia persisted (720–1,821/mm3). A CT scan obtained 15 months later (Figure 5) revealed the disappearance of the nodule, and the eosinophil count returned to normal (300/mm3). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Toxocara canis was strongly positive, and optical density was 2.53 (cut-off value = 0.69). He had several occasions of eating chops of uncooked cow's liver at restaurants before the initial blood test.
The Relationship of Phthalocyanine 4 (Pc 4) Concentrations Measured Noninvasively to Outcome of Pc 4 Photodynamic Therapy in Mice

The ability to noninvasively measure photosensitizer concentration at target tissues will allow optimization of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and could improve outcome. In this study, we evaluated whether preirradiation tumor phthalocyanine 4 (Pc 4) concentrations, measured noninvasively by the optical pharmacokinetic system (OPS), correlated with tumor response to PDT. Mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts were treated with 2 mg kg−1 Pc 4 iv only, laser irradiation (150 J cm−2) only, Pc 4 followed by fractionated irradiation or Pc 4 followed by continuous irradiation. Laser irradiation treatment was initiated when the tumor to skin ratio of Pc 4 concentration reached a maximum of 2.1 at 48 h after administration. Pc 4 concentrations in tumor, as well as in Intralipid in vitro, decreased monoexponentially with laser fluence. Pc 4‐PDT resulted in significant tumor regression, and tumor response was similar in the groups receiving either fractionated or continuous irradiation treatment after Pc 4. Tumor growth delay following Pc 4‐PDT correlated with OPS‐measured tumor Pc 4 concentrations at 24 h prior to PDT (R2 = 0.86). In excised tumors, OPS‐measured Pc 4 concentrations were similar to the HPLC‐measured concentrations. Thus, OPS measurements of photosensitizer concentrations can be used to assist in the scheduling of Pc 4‐PDT.
Nominal and clausal grounding of Korean verbal nouns

Abstract This article examines how Korean verbal nouns are construed as either a noun or a verb in a given context. By adopting Langacker's Cognitive Grammar (CG) and its technical apparatus, I argue that the two types of case patterns arise due to different construals of the same content. More specifically, when a verbal noun is construed as a thing (noun), it needs to be nominally grounded to be a full nominal. The genitive-case pattern in verbal noun constructions is motivated by the need for this grounding. By contrast, when the same verbal noun is construed as a process (verb), it needs to be clausally grounded by tense to be a full clause. For the purpose of grounding, the schematic verb ha(y)- ‘do’ must combine with verbal nouns to lend its processual characteristic to them, since verbal nouns profile a nonprocessual complex relationship. The verbal case pattern arises due to this processual nature of the temporalized verbal nouns. I further argue that a verbal noun in a double accusative construction is indirectly grounded by an implicitly invoked reference point, which is realized as an accusative-marked nominal.
Current Issues in the Treatment of Specific Phobia: Recommendations for Innovative Applications of Hypnosis

Specific phobia is the most common and treatable of the anxiety disorders. Exposure-based therapies are the treatment of choice and empirically validated protocols are available that promise rapid and effective results. In many cases, however, patients are reluctant to comply with demanding schedules of exposure, increasing the risk of treatment failure. Furthermore, in clinical practice, patients often present with multiple phobias and other Axis I and Axis II disorders that can further complicate therapy. This article covers four important issues that have been addressed in the literature: (a) managing resistance to treatment, (b) reducing length of treatment, (c) clarifying the optimal application of relaxation training, and (d) applying advances in cognitive neuroscience. These issues are reviewed and recommendations proposed for ways in which to modify current treatments. Specific suggestions are provided for implementing these recommendations including examples of innovative applications of standard hypnotic techniques.
Agora2.0: enhancing civic participation through a public display

Providing a common place for the civil society to gather and discuss topics of mutual interest is a growing challenge for social and collaborative computing. Web-based tools for civic engagement, while promising, are still disconnected from meaningful physical locations where citizens usually meet and might limit the involvement of a considerable portion of the citizen population. We propose a system, Agora2.0, designed to recover the useful function that public places have had in the past in promoting and regulating citizens' participation in public decisions. Agora2.0 is inspired by the old concept of the Greek agora, or public square. It is composed of an onsite interactive public display and an online site. We present the project, the analysis of the requirements, the system prototype, and its evaluation during deployments in a university and in a public relations office of a European city.
Arsenic trioxide inhibits tumor cell growth in malignant rhabdoid tumors in vitro and in vivo by targeting overexpressed Gli1

Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive tumors occurring in infants and very young children. Despite multimodal and intensive therapy prognosis remains poor. Molecular analyses have uncovered several deregulated pathways, among them the CDK4/6‐Rb‐, the WNT‐ and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathways. The SHH pathway is activated in rhabdoid tumors by GLI1 overexpression. Here, we demonstrate that arsenic trioxide (ATO) inhibits tumor cell growth of malignant rhabdoid tumors in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model by suppressing Gli1. Our data uncover ATO as a promising therapeutic approach to improve prognosis for rhabdoid tumor patients.
Liberating Technologies? Perceptions of Government Control and Citizens' Use of Social Media during the Elections

Social media may liberate citizens in societies with stringent media controls and accelerate political democratization. Yet, little is known about the relation between social media use and perceived constraints in a semi-authoritarian system. This study draws on Media System Dependency theory to examine this relation in the context of the 2011 Singapore General Election. Our findings, based on national survey data, suggest that perceived control of traditional media and political activity is positively related to content production on social media as well as the visits to opposition party websites and Facebook pages. Additionally, perceived control of mass media is associated with increased consumption of political content on social media. Perceived control of the Internet reduces rather than increases content production on social media. We argue that social media alters the balance of dependency relationships between the government, media organizations and citizens. They create new, meso level networked avenues for information gathering and participation during the elections.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma. A clinical study

Background. Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is a histologic subtype of endometrial adenocarcinoma that is characterized by its papillary architecture, poor differentiation, and advanced stage at initial presentation. It behaves more aggressively than the more common endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.
Virtual colonography: Identification and differentiation of colorectal lesions using multi-detector computed tomography

Objective. Early detection of precancerous or malignant lesions may be decisive for prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. In this prospective feasibility study, multi-detector spiral computed tomography (CT) colonography was compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of colorectal polyps. Material and methods. Seventy-eight patients underwent CT colonography (standard colonoscopy preparation, distension with room air, prone and supine position) immediately before colonoscopy. Sixty-five (83%) were asymptomatic screening subjects, while the rest had symptoms suggestive of colorectal disease. Presence, location, and size of lesions were prospectively assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT colonography were calculated using conventional colonoscopy as the reference standard. Results. Conventional colonoscopy was normal in 52 patients. In 26 patients a total of 49 polyps and 3 carcinomas were identified. All three carcinomas and 39 polyps (80%) were identified by CT colonography. Seven of 7 polyps ≥10 mm (100%), 13 of 16 polyps of 6 to 9 mm (81%), and 19 of 26 polyps ≤5 mm (73%) in diameter were identified. Fourteen false-positive findings (10 of which were ≤5 mm in diameter) were related to 8 patients (specificity at the patient level was 86%). In 10 patients, a total of 10 polyps were missed by CT colonography, 7 of which were ≤5 mm in diameter. Conclusions. In this feasibility study, multi-detector spiral CT colonography allows accurate detection of polyps>5 mm in diameter, but at the expense of low specificity in the small size range.
Mucosal Healing and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease or Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Celiac Disease; A Population-Based Study

Background Patients with celiac disease (CD), characterized histologically by villous atrophy (VA) of the small intestine, have an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), risks that persist for years after commencing the gluten-free diet. It is unknown whether persistent VA on follow-up biopsy, rather than mucosal healing, affects the risk of IHD or AF. Methods We identified patients with histologic evidence of CD diagnosed at all 28 pathology departments in Sweden. Among patients who underwent a follow-up small intestinal biopsy, we compared patients with persistent VA to those who showed histologic improvement, with regard to the development of IHD (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) or AF. Results Among patients with CD and a follow-up biopsy (n = 7,440), the median age at follow-up biopsy was 25 years, with 1,063 (14%) patients who were ≥60 years at the time of follow-up biopsy. Some 196 patients developed IHD and 205 patients developed AF. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of CD, calendar period, and educational attainment, there was no significant effect of persistent VA on IHD (adjusted HR 0.97; 95%CI 0.73–1.30). Adjusting for diabetes had a negligible effect (adjusted HR 0.98; 95%CI 0.73–1.31). There was no significant association between persistent VA and the risk of AF (adjusted HR 0.98; 95%CI 0.74–1.30). Conclusions In this population-based study of patients with CD, persistent VA on follow-up biopsy was not associated with an increased risk of IHD or AF. Failed mucosal healing does not influence the risk of these cardiac events.
Isolation, Characterization, and Functional Assessment of Oxidatively Modified Subfractions of Circulating Low-Density Lipoproteins

Objective—Current evidence suggests that oxidatively modified human plasma low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) are proatherogenic and cytotoxic to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study describes a method using ion-exchange chromatography that is capable of large-scale subfractionation of LDL for adequate analyses of composition or bioactivities. Methods and Results—LDLs from normolipidemic (N-LDL) and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH-LDL) subjects were separated into 5 subfractions (L1 through L5) by high-capacity ion-exchange chromatography. The most strongly retained fraction from FH subjects, FH-L5, suppressed DNA synthesis in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and stimulated mononuclear cell adhesion to cultured endothelial cells under flow conditions in vitro. L5, which represented 1.1±0.2% and 3.7±1.7% of the LDL from N-LDL and FH-LDL, respectively, was more triglyceride-rich (17% versus 5%) and cholesteryl ester-poor (23% versus 33%) than were L1 through L4. Electrophoretic mobilities on agarose gels increased from L1 to L5. According to SDS-PAGE, apolipoprotein B-100 in N-LDL fractions L1 through L5 appeared as a single ≈500-kDa band. In contrast, the fractions isolated from FH-LDL showed substantial fragmentation of the apolipoprotein B-100, including bands between 200 and 116 kDa. Competitive ELISA analyses using a malondialdehyde-specific monoclonal antibody against Cu2+ ox-LDL suggest that FH-L5 is malondialdehyde-modified. Conclusions—Relative to N-LDL, FH-LDL contains higher concentrations of a fraction, L5, that exhibits distinctive physicochemical properties and biological activities that may contribute to initiation and progression of atherogenesis in vivo.
Investigating Sterol and Redox Regulation of the Ion Channel Activity of CLIC1 Using Tethered Bilayer Membranes

The Chloride Intracellular Ion Channel (CLIC) family consists of six conserved proteins in humans. These are a group of enigmatic proteins, which adopt both a soluble and membrane bound form. CLIC1 was found to be a metamorphic protein, where under specific environmental triggers it adopts more than one stable reversible soluble structural conformation. CLIC1 was found to spontaneously insert into cell membranes and form chloride ion channels. However, factors that control the structural transition of CLIC1 from being an aqueous soluble protein into a membrane bound protein have yet to be adequately described. Using tethered bilayer lipid membranes and electrical impedance spectroscopy system, herein we demonstrate that CLIC1 ion channel activity is dependent on the type and concentration of sterols in bilayer membranes. These findings suggest that membrane sterols play an essential role in CLIC1’s acrobatic switching from a globular soluble form to an integral membrane form, promoting greater ion channel conductance in membranes. What remains unclear is the precise nature of this regulation involving membrane sterols and ultimately determining CLIC1’s membrane structure and function as an ion channel. Furthermore, our impedance spectroscopy results obtained using CLIC1 mutants, suggest that the residue Cys24 is not essential for CLIC1’s ion channel function. However Cys24 does appear important for optimal ion channel activity. We also observe differences in conductance between CLIC1 reduced and oxidized forms when added to our tethered membranes. Therefore, we conclude that both membrane sterols and redox play a role in the ion channel activity of CLIC1.
New Measures of Partisanship, Ideology, and Policy Mood in the American States

We construct measures of U.S. state partisan identification, self-reported ideology, and policy mood using data from the 2000 and 2004 National Annenberg Election Surveys (NAES) and the 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES). These measures improve on existing methods for estimating state-level preferences because the surveys provide larger state samples without pooling across years. After detailing our methods for constructing the measures, we assess their validity through comparisons with measures already in use by scholars of state politics. We find that our measures correlate strongly with those created by Erikson, Wright, and McIver (1993) and Berry et al. (1998) and with measures from state-level polls. We conclude that our measures can be useful to research in state politics.