Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power control and rate adaptation as stochastic games for random access

In this paper, we address the random access problem from the perspective of a stochastic game. We allow selfish as well as cooperative users to select their retransmission strategies depending on several performance requirements, which involve throughput, delay and transmission costs. We first consider a simple slotted collision channel with packet capture capabilities in the presence of multiple transmissions. We formulate a random access game with possible actions of randomly choosing either to transmit or to wait, and evaluate the equilibrium transmission strategies of selfish and cooperative users. The capture effects in the communication channel can be further exploited to develop an alternative joint power control and rate adaptation game for random access. At the expense of increased system complexity, we propose to allow selfish users to choose randomly power and rate levels for retransmitting, which leads to possible performance gains over limited actions of selecting retransmission probabilities.
Underpotential deposition of Cu on Au(111) in sulfate-containing electrolytes: a theoretical and experimental study

We study the underpotential deposition of Cu on single‐crystal Au(111) electrodes in sulfate‐containing electrolytes by a combination of computational statistical‐mechanics based lattice‐gas modeling and experiments. The experimental methods are in situ cyclic voltammetry and coulometry and ex situ Auger electron spectroscopy and low‐energy electron diffraction. The experimentally obtained voltammetric current and charge densities and adsorbate coverages are compared with the predictions of a two‐component lattice‐gas model for the coadsorption of Cu and sulfate. This model includes effective, lateral interactions out to fourth‐nearest neighbors. Using group‐theoretical ground‐state calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate effective electrovalences and lateral adsorbate–adsorbate interactions so as to obtain overall agreement with experiments, including both our own and those of other groups. In agreement with earlier work, we find a mixed (√3×√3) phase consisting of 2/3 monolayer Cu and 1/3 .
Molecular recognition of ketamine by a subset of olfactory G protein–coupled receptors

The anesthetic ketamine activates G protein–coupled receptors involved in smell. Wake up and smell the ketamine! Ketamine antagonizes ion channels known as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to mediate its effects as an anesthetic; however, ketamine also has other properties, which suggests that it has other targets. Ho et al. found that ketamine activated four mouse olfactory receptors, which are a subfamily of G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs). Structural analysis revealed residues that formed a ketamine-binding site in these olfactory receptors, and mutation of nonresponsive olfactory receptors to engineer the ketamine-binding site rendered them responsive to ketamine. Together, these data suggest that members of this family of GPCRs are functional ketamine receptors and provide a means to identify other potential targets of this pleiotropic drug. Ketamine elicits various neuropharmacological effects, including sedation, analgesia, general anesthesia, and antidepressant activity. Through an in vitro screen, we identified four mouse olfactory receptors (ORs) that responded to ketamine. In addition to their presence in the olfactory epithelium, these G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are distributed throughout the central nervous system. To better understand the molecular basis of the interactions between ketamine and ORs, we used sequence comparison and molecular modeling to design mutations that (i) increased, reduced, or abolished ketamine responsiveness in responding receptors, and (ii) rendered nonresponding receptors responsive to ketamine. We showed that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that expressed distinct ORs responded to ketamine in vivo, suggesting that ORs may serve as functional targets for ketamine. The ability to both abolish and introduce responsiveness to ketamine in GPCRs enabled us to identify and confirm distinct interaction loci in the binding site, which suggested a signature ketamine-binding pocket that may guide exploration of additional receptors for this general anesthetic drug.
Decentralization and school-based management

Part 1 Introduction: some problems, a recommendation and anticipations. Part 2 A look at the literature: the structural view of organizations rationality and organizations political decentralization in education organizational decentralization in education conceptual synthesis and key questions. Part 3 Methods of research: how the study was conducted. Part 4 Results: what is the structure of school-based management? does school-based management provide flexibility of decision making? does school-based management provide a system of accountability? does school-based management result in an increase in productivity? how does the change to school-based management progress? Part 5 Conclusions: discussions and reflections on the structure and outcomes of decentralization some general thoughts on decentralization.
Age is a prognostic factor affecting survival in lung cancer patients

Despite all efforts at management, prognosis of advanced lung cancer is extremely poor, with a median survival time of ~1 year. The number of cancer patients aged >70 years is significantly increased among the cancer patient population. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical importance of age in lung cancer. Data from 110 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer, who were treated and followed up in the Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, were recorded from medical charts. There were 100 (91%) males with a median age of 59 years (range, 35–88 years). The majority of patients had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 84%) and metastatic stage (56%). The rate of positive response to chemotherapy was lower in elderly patients (P=0.01) and the incidence of anemia was higher compared with that in younger patients (P=0.02). The majority of mortalities occurred in elderly patients (P=0.01). The median survival time of elderly patients was significantly lower compared with that of younger patients (37.8 vs. 57 weeks; P=0.009). The 1-year survival rates in younger and elderly patients were 67.3 and 42.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, elderly patients also had significantly poorer survival (P=0.023). In the group of elderly patients, analyses revealed that significant prognostic factors, including stage of disease and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, were associated with survival. Elderly patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer had a poorer outcome compared with those with NSCLC (P=0.009), and older patients with elevated serum LDH levels had a shorter survival time compared with those with normal levels (P=0.042). In conclusion, age is one of the major prognostic factors affecting survival in lung cancer patients; therefore, patients should be managed according to age in clinical practice.
Prevalence and features of distolingual roots in mandibular molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography

Purpose This study evaluated the prevalence of distolingual roots in mandibular molars among Koreans, the root canal system associated with distolingual roots, and the concurrent appearance of a distolingual root in the mandibular first molar and a C-shaped canal in the mandibular second molar. Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 264 patients were screened and examined. Axial sections of 1056 mandibular molars were evaluated to determine the number of roots. The interorifice distances from the distolingual canal to the distobuccal canal were also estimated. Using an image analysis program, the root canal curvature was calculated. Pearson's chi-square test, the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and post-hoc analysis were performed. Results Distolingual roots were observed in 26.1% of the subjects. In cases where a distolingual root was observed in the mandibular molar, a significant difference was observed in the root canal curvature between the buccolingual and mesiodistal orientations. The maximum root canal curvature was most commonly observed in the mesiodistal orientation in the coronal portion, but in the apical portion, maximum root canal curvature was most often observed in the buccolingual orientation. Conclusion The canal curvature of distolingual roots was found to be very complex, with a different direction in each portion. No correlation was found between the presence of a distolingual root in the mandibular first molar and the presence of a C-shaped canal in the mandibular second molar.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Roots Withstanding their Environment : Exploiting Root System Architecture Responses to Abiotic Stress to Improve Crop Tolerance

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Different motivations for knowledge sharing and hiding: The role of motivating work design

Little research to date has focused on understanding employee motivation to share and hide knowledge. Using self-determination theory, we tested the premise that knowledge sharing and hiding might be differentially motivated and that work design characteristics might influence the motivation to share knowledge with colleagues. In a panel survey of Australian knowledge workers and in a Chinese knowledge-intensive organization, we asked knowledge workers, using time-lagged designs, about perceptions of work design, motivation to share knowledge, and self-reported knowledge sharing and hiding behaviors. Results, largely replicated across both samples, indicated that cognitive job demands and job autonomy were positively related to future reports of knowledge sharing frequency and usefulness via autonomous motivation to share knowledge. Unexpectedly, task interdependence was positively related to the three forms of knowledge hiding (evasive and rationalized hiding, and playing dumb) via external regulation to share knowledge. Implications for the design of jobs that motivate knowledge sharing and demotivate knowledge hiding are discussed.
Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT

The present report describes the dynamic wind turbine models implemented in the power system simulation tool DIgSILENT (Version 12.0). The developed models are a part of the results of a national research project, whose overall ob­ jective is to create a model database in different simulation tools. This model database should be able to support the analysis of the interaction between the mechanical structure of the wind turbine and the electrical grid during different operational modes. The report provides a description of the wind turbines modelling, both at a component level and at a system level. The report contains both the description of DIgSILENT built-in models for the electrical components of a grid con­ nected wind turbine (e.g. induction generators, power converters, transformers) and the models developed by the user, in the dynamic simulation language DSL of DIgSILENT, for the non-electrical components of the wind turbine (wind model, aerodynamic model, mechanical model). The initialisation issues on the wind turbine models into the power system simulation are also presented. How­ ever, the main attention in this report is drawn to the modelling at the system level of two wind turbine concepts: 1. Active stall wind turbine with induction generator 2. Variable speed, variable pitch wind turbine with doubly-fed induc­ tion generator These wind turbine concept models can be used and even extended for the study of different aspects, e.g. the assessment of power quality, control strate­ gies, connection of the wind turbine at different types of grid and storage sys­ tems. For both these two concepts, control strategies are developed and imple­ mented, their performance assessed and discussed by means of simulations. The report has passed the internal review performed by:
Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of Human Cyclooxygenase-1 Splicing Variants: Evidence for Intron 1 Retention

Recently, a splicing variant of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, arising via the retention of its intron 1, was identified in canine. It was called COX-3 and was reported to be differentially sensitive to inhibition by various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well as acetaminophen (Chandrasekharan et al., 2002). However, the existence of an orthologous splicing variant in human tissues has been questioned due to a reading frame shift and premature termination. In this study, we first confirmed the existence of intron 1-retained COX-1 in certain human tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Molecular biology studies revealed that three distinct COX-1 splicing variants exist in human tissues. The most prevalent of these variants, called COX-1b1, arises via retention of the entire 94 base pair (bp) of intron 1, leading to a shift in the reading frame and termination at bp 249. However, the other two variant types, called COX-1b2 and COX-1b3, retain entire intron 1, but they are missing a nucleotide in one of two different positions, thereby encoding predicted full-length and likely COX-active proteins. Functional studies revealed that the COX-1b2 is able to catalyze the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α from arachidonic acid with Km and Vmax values of 0.54 μM and 3.07 pmol/mg/min, respectively. However, no significant differential selectivity for inhibition by selected NSAIDs was observed. Accordingly, we conclude that intron 1-retained human COX-1 is not likely to be the therapeutic target of acetaminophen or a candidate of COX-3.
Integrating reactive and scripted behaviors in a life-like presentation agent

1. ABSTRACT Animated agents - based either on real video, cartoon-style drawings or even model-based 3D graphics - offer great promise for computer-based presentations as they make presentations more lively and appealing and allow for the emulation of conversation styles known from human-human communication. In this paper, we describe a life-like interface agent which presents multimedia material to the user following the directives of a script. The overall behavior of the presentation agent is partly determined by such a script, and partly by the agent’s self-behavior. In our approach, the agent’s behavior is deiined in a declarative specification language, Behavior specifications are used to automatically generate a control module for an agent display system. The first part of the paper describes the generation processw hich involves AI planning and a two-step compilation. Since the manual creation of presentation scripts is tedious and error-prone, we also address the automated generation of presentation scripts which may be forwarded to the interface agent. The second part of the paper presents an approach for multimedia presentation design which combines hierarchical pIanning with temporal reasoning.
Large scale visual localization in urban environments

This paper introduces a vision based localization method for large scale urban environments. The method is based upon Bag-of-Words image retrieval techniques and handles problems that arise in urban environments due to repetitive scene structure and the presence of dynamic objects like vehicles. The localization system was experimentally verified it localization experiments along a 5km long path in an urban environment.
Welcome Opacity and the Optimality of Debt for Liquidity Provision + Tri Vi

Asymmetric information can reduce trade (possibly to zero) due to adverse selection. Symmetric information can facilitate trade. We show that trade between agents is maximized, and welfare highest, when neither party to a transaction has any information about the future payoffs of the securities used to trade. Trade is best implemented by debt which preserves ignorance because it provides the smallest incentive for private information production, which creates adverse selection. Debt’s value is also least sensitive to public signals. In this economy policies that increase transparency would reduce welfare. Finally, even if there is adverse selection in the market, debt maximizes the amount of trade. For the economy as a whole there is a systemic risk of using debt to provide liquidity: an aggregate shock, if bad enough, can be made worse by triggering private information production, causing adverse selection when debt becomes information-sensitive. + Thanks to participants at the 2009 Yale Cowles Foundation Summer Economic Theory Conference, and at the New York Fed Liquidity Working Group meeting, and to Yukitoshi Matsushita for comments and suggestions.
The dynamics of mass interaction

Usenet may be regarded as the world’s largest and fastest growing conversational application. In 1988 there were fewer than 500 newsgroups. Current estimates vary, but at the time of our data collection in December 1996, there were over 17,000 newsgroups, with approximately 3 million users worldwide (Harrison, 1994). This growth has been achieved without any centralized organization or governing body (King, 1997). The ubiquity of Usenet, and the fact that it supports conversations between hundreds or even thousands of participants, provides the opportunity to study what we term mass interaction. However, we currently lack basic data about Usenet interactions. The current paper analyses over 2.15 million messages produced by 659,450 people in 500 representative newsgroups collected over 6 months. We provide descriptive data about newsgroup demographics, communication strategies, and interactivity. We then derive predictions from the common ground model of communication to test predictions about how these parameters interact.
A new predistorter model based on power amplifier physical knowledge

This paper presents a new power amplifier (PA) linearizer model whose topology has support on the physical recursive behavior of the general PA electronic circuit. The resulting model presents a topology that, in its essence, is non recursive, which makes it suited for an easy implementation on digital hardware devices (such as FPGAs and DSPs). Validation tests were performed on a 900 MHz PA excited with WCDMA-3GPP signals and comparison with other linearizer models demonstrated its excellence. Due to its support on the PA physical behavior, the proposed predistorter model has the potential to be an adequate linearizer for a wide range of PA device technologies and excitation signals.
High-frequency instabilities of small-amplitude solutions of Hamiltonian PDEs

Generalizing ideas of MacKay, and MacKay and Saffman, a necessary condition for the presence of high-frequency ( i.e., not modulational) instabilities of small-amplitude periodic solutions of Hamiltonian partial differential equations is presented, entirely in terms of the Hamiltonian of the linearized problem. With the exception of a Krein signature calculation, the theory is completely phrased in terms of the dispersion relation of the linear problem. The general theory changes as the Poisson structure of the Hamiltonian partial differential equation is changed. Two important cases of such Poisson structures are worked out in full generality. An example not fitting these two important cases is presented as well, using a candidate Boussinesq-Whitham equation.
Stock Market Development Indicators and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1990-2009): Empirical Investigations

Stock market provides the bridge through which the savings of surplus units may be transformed into medium and long-term investments in the deficits units. It is reputed to perform critical functions, which promote economic growth and prospects of the economy. Empirical evidence linking stock market development to economic growth has been inconclusive even though the balance of evidence is in favor of a positive relationship between stock market development and economic growth. This paper explores the hypothesis that stock market development promotes economic growth in Nigeria and attempts to confirm its validity or otherwise, using quarterly data from 1990:1 to 2009:4 for Nigeria by employing vector error correction model (VECM) technique on the commonly used stock market development indicators. From the result, the model for the total value of shares traded ratio (vr ) has the best fit followed by the market capitalization ratio (mcr) model while the model for the turnover ratio (tr) lagged behind. The results for mcr and vr are analysed in this paper, as they performed better than the model for tr. From the result, it was revealed that the coefficient of the error correction term ECM (-1) carries the expected negative sign and is highly significant at 1.0 pe cent level. The model validates the hypothesis that the stock market promotes economic growth in Nigeria during the period of analysis. The F-test statistic of 10.88 shows the overall model fit is significant at 1.0 per cent. Similarly, the vr model shows that the ECM (-1) has the expected negative sign and significant at 1.0 per cent. The model favours the proposed direct relationship between stock market indicators and economic growth in Nigeria during the period of analysis. The F-test statistic of 13.39 shows that the overall model fit is significant at 1.0 per cent.
NAFTA’s and CUSFTA’s Impact on North American Trade

This paper finds that NAFTA and CUSFTA have had a substantial impact on North American trade. The paper focuses on where the US sources its imports of almost 5,000 different commodities and compares this to where the European Union (EU) sources its imports of the same commodities. It identifies the impact of NAFTA using a differences in differences strategy, exploiting the substantial variation across commodities and time in the US tariff preference given to goods produced in Canada and Mexico. The paper finds that the recent rapid growth in Mexico’s share of US trade would have been much slower without NAFTA while Canada’s share may not have increased without CUSFTA. Useful products of the empirical work are estimates of consumer willingness to substitute between different varieties of a commodity, an important parameter in welfare analysis of trade liberalization. Estimated average elasticities of substitution typically range from 4 to 7. Elasticities of this magnitude imply that even modest trade liberalizations will have a pronounced effect on trade volumes. One alarming result is that NAFTA may have produced substantial trade diversion, because the largest tariff preferences are often in industries where imports from outside North America represent a substantial proportion of domestic absorption. ∗I would particularly like to thank my advisors, Daron Acemoglu, Rudi Dornbusch and Jaume Ventura. Thanks are also due to Mark Aguiar, Christian Broda, Gita Gopinath, Roberto Rigobon, Alwyn Young and participants at seminars and lunches at Chicago GSB, EIIT Conference 2001, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, University of Michigan, MIT and University of Pennsylvania. All errors are my own.