Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipids in Health and Disease

Objective: To determine the correlates of serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) in children and adolescents in the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional study using representative data from a US national sample for persons aged 4–19 years participating in The Third National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES-III). Results: We observed ethnicity-related differences in levels of Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl, with values being markedly higher in African American (black) than nonhispanic white (white) and Mexican American children in multivariate model (P < 0.001). Higher levels of Lp(a) > 30 mg/dl associated with parental history of body mass index and residence in metro compared to nonmetro in Blacks, and high birth weight in Mexican American children in the NHANES-III. In the entire group, total cholesterol (which included Lp(a)) and parental history of premature heart attack/angina before age 50 (P < 0.02) showed consistent, independent, positive association with Lp(a). In subgroup analysis, this association was only evident in white (P = 0.04) and black (P = 0.05) children. However, no such collective consistent associations of Lp(a) were found with age, gender, or birth weight. Conclusion: Ethnicity-related differences in mean Lp(a) exist among children and adolescents in the United States and parental history of premature heart attack/angina significantly associated with levels of Lp(a) in children. Further research on the associations of Lp(a) levels in childhood with subsequent risk of atherosclerosis is needed. Published: 16 December 2004 Lipids in Health and Disease 2004, 3:29 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-3-29 Received: 11 November 2004 Accepted: 16 December 2004 This article is available from: http://www.lipidworld. com/content/3/1/29 © 2004 Obisesan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Publications Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Trade-offs and Coexistence: a Lottery Model Applied to Fig Wasp Communities Trade-offs and Coexistence: a Lottery Model Applied to Fig Wasp Communities. Trade-offs and Coexistence: a Lottery Model Applie

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Naturalist. abstract: Ecological communities in which organisms complete their life cycles on discrete ephemeral patches are common and often support an unusually large number of species. Explaining this diversity is challenging for communities of ecologically similar species undergoing preemptive competition, where classic coexistence mechanisms may not readily apply. We use nonpollinating fig wasps as a model community characterized by high diversity and preemptive competition to show how subadditive population growth and a trade-off between competitor fecundity and dispersal ability can lead to coexistence. Because nonpollinator species are often closely related, have similar life histories, and compete for the same discrete resources , understanding their coexistence is challenging given competitive exclusion is expected. Empirical observations suggest that nonpollinating fig wasp species may face a trade-off between egg loads and dispersal abilities. We model a lottery in which a species' competitive ability is determined by a trade-off between fecundity and dispersal ability. Variation in interpatch distance between figs generates temporal variability in the relative benefit of fecundity versus dispersal. We show that the temporal storage effect leads to coexistence for a range of biologically realistic parameter values. We further use individual-based modeling to show that when species' traits evolve, coexistence is less likely but trait divergence can result. We discuss the implications of this coexistence mechanism for ephemeral patch systems wherein competition is strongly preemptive.
Meta-data to Guide Retrieval in CBR for Software Cost Prediction

In recent years, case-based prediction has become a widely advocated technique for software cost estimation. Typically, such approaches are in essence k nearest neighbour methods supported by a case base of a feature vector per software project. Given that software project data is relatively rare – data sets may contain as few as 20 cases – it is common to find a relatively undiscriminating approach to the projects contained within the case bases. We hypothesise that meta-data generated by monitoring case performance can contribute to identifying misleading cases and improve predictions. This paper reports results of a pilot study in which we enriched our case base with meta-data to record performance behaviour of individual data sets. An external fuzzy model was used to classify individual cases as fit or unfit for future use. Misleading cases i.e. with poor predictive ability were seeded into the data set to assess the potential of the approach. Our results show that the model successfully identified the seed cases and refrained from using them during future retrievals.
A phase I study of cabozantinib (XL184) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

BACKGROUND Cabozantinib targets tyrosine kinases including MET, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, and rearranged during transfection (RET). Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a tumor type that may be sensitive to cabozantinib. Therefore, we evaluated cabozantinib in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients with metastatic DTC. METHODS This single-arm open-label phase I trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of cabozantinib in DTC patients taking part in a drug-drug interaction study. Adult patients with histologically confirmed metastatic or surgically unresectable DTC (including papillary, follicular, or Hürthle cell) were enrolled. Patients received daily oral dosing of 140 mg cabozantinib. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, and concomitant medications. Tumor response by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan was investigator assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.0. RESULTS The study enrolled 15 patients who had failed standard radioactive iodine therapy. Patients had received a median of two prior systemic agents, and 11 patients (73%) had previously received at least one VEGF pathway inhibiting therapy. Common AEs included diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and decreased appetite. Partial response was reported in eight patients (53%). Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were not reached. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib demonstrates a safety profile similar to other multitargeted VEGFR inhibitors in advanced DTC patients. The antitumor activity observed in this study warrants further investigation of cabozantinib in patients with advanced DTC.
The Effects of Turbulence and Carbon Amendments on Nitrate Uptake and Microbial Gene Abundances in Stream Sediment

Understanding the mechanisms governing nitrate uptake in aquatic ecosystems is paramount in mitigating the impact of increased anthropogenic nitrogen loading on water quality. An experimental laboratory flume with agricultural sediment and carbon‐amended sediment was used to evaluate the effect of turbulent fluid flow above rough sediment on oxygen uptake, nitrate uptake, and sediment bacterial gene abundances. The transport of dissolved oxygen to the sediment scaled with the friction velocity and sediment roughness height. Results demonstrated that nitrate uptake was mediated by turbulence levels, as quantified by friction velocity, above the sediment‐water interface. Facilitated nitrate uptake for amended and unamended sediment occurred under midrange of friction velocities from 0.75 to 1.2 cm/s, which corresponds to Reynolds numbers from 2,010 to 5,200. High turbulence levels in the water column above the sediment with friction velocities larger than 1.40 cm/s or Reynolds numbers larger than 5,500, as well as low turbulence with friction velocities less than 0.65 cm/s or Reynolds numbers less than 1,400, were determined to minimize nitrate uptake by the sediment. Carbon‐amended sediment had approximately 100 times greater nitrate uptake fluxes compared to field‐collected unamended sediment. For unamended sediment experiments, gene abundances significantly increased over the course of the experiments for midrange friction velocities; increases were not observed in the low and high friction velocities. Gene abundances did not significantly increase in any experiments for carbon‐amended sediment. Maintaining optimal turbulence levels could facilitate sustained nitrate uptake and reduce nitrogen loading to higher‐order streams in aquatic ecosystems.
Clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with lymphoid malignancies characterized by both t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(8;14)(q24;q32) or t(8;22)(q24;q11)

Six patients with an aggressive leukemia/lymphoma disorder had a t(14;18) as well as either a t(8;14) (three patients) or a t(8;22) (three patients). Leukemia cells from all three patients with the t(8;22) had a mature B cell phenotype (Smlg+ and TdT−), whereas two of three patients with the t(8;14) had a pre‐B phenotype and were Smlg−. None of the patients with the t(8;22) had a prior history of follicular lymphoma, whereas two of the three patients with the t(8;14) had had a follicular lymphoma. The clinical, cytogenetic, and morphologic characteristics of these six patients along with eight previously reported cases with both the t(14;18), and the t(8;14), the t(8;22) or the t(2;8) are discussed.
7-Nitroindazole Inhibits Pial Arteriolar Vasodilation in a Rat Model of Pneumococcal Meningitis

This study investigates how the neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways contribute to the cerebrovascular changes in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats. Using a closed cranial window preparation, the diameters of pial arterioles were measured during 4 hours after intracisternal injection of heat-killed pneumococci and compared with controls (n = 6). Injection of pneumococci (n = 7) caused a significant increase in pial arteriolar diameter (157 ± 22% after 4 hours; P < 0.05, compared with 104 ± 11% in controls), intracranial pressure, CSF white blood cell counts, and brain water content. Treatment with the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, n = 5) prevented pneumococci-induced vasodilation (107 ± 20% at 4 hours), whereas S-methylisothiourea (SMT; 0.1 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, n = 5), which predominantly inhibits the inducible NOS, did not influence pneumococci-induced vasodilation (154 ± 38% at 4 hours). S-methylisothiourea at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg (n = 5), attenuated the vasodilation (124 ± 18% at 4 hours). However, the increase in mean arterial blood pressure after SMT at 1.0 mg/kg, but not at 0.1 mg/kg, suggests that the higher dose of SMT influenced the constitutive NOS activity, causing inhibition of the pneumococci-induced vasodilation. Neither SMT (at both doses) nor 7-nitroindazole influenced the increase in brain water content, intracranial pressure, and CSF white blood cell counts in pneumococci-challenged rats. Our study suggests that pial arteriolar vasodilation in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis is mediated by the neuronal NOS pathway.
A Dynamic Oracle for Arc-Eager Dependency Parsing

The standard training regime for transition-based dependency parsers makes use of an oracle, which predicts an optimal transition sequence for a sentence and its gold tree. We present an improved oracle for the arc-eager transition system, which provides a set of optimal transitions for every valid parser configuration, including configurations from which the gold tree is not reachable. In such cases, the oracle provides transitions that will lead to the best reachable tree from the given configuration. The oracle is efficient to implement and provably correct. We use the oracle to train a deterministic left-to-right dependency parser that is less sensitive to error propagation, using an online training procedure that also explores parser configurations resulting from non-optimal sequences of transitions. This new parser outperforms greedy parsers trained using conventional oracles on a range of data sets, with an average improvement of over 1.2 LAS points and up to almost 3 LAS points on some data sets.
JADE – A Step towards an Intelligent Debugger

The idea behind Model-based debugging is the notion of using the techniques of model-based diagnosis for locating errors in software. This requires the presence of a model of the software being debugged, which is generated automatically from the source code, and combined with test results and user input to identify statements or expressions that may be the cause of incorrect results. We describe the actual use of model-based debugging support for Java programs, based on an extended version of a previously presented model for representing these programs. Even with an extremely simple model, the system uses the diagnosis outcomes to guide user interaction with the debugger and lead the user (programmer) towards the source of the error. We compare the behavior of the integrated debugger with the outcomes produced by support methods from the programming community.
DACH1, a Zona Glomerulosa Selective Gene in the Human Adrenal, Activates Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Suppresses Aldosterone Secretion

Common somatic mutations in CACNAID and ATP1A1 may define a subgroup of smaller, zona glomerulosa (ZG)–like aldosterone-producing adenomas. We have therefore sought signature ZG genes, which may provide insight into the frequency and pathogenesis of ZG-like aldosterone-producing adenomas. Twenty-one pairs of zona fasciculata and ZG and 14 paired aldosterone-producing adenomas from 14 patients with Conn’s syndrome and 7 patients with pheochromocytoma were assayed by the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Validation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on genes >10-fold upregulated in ZG (compared with zona fasciculata) and >10-fold upregulated in aldosterone-producing adenomas (compared with ZG). DACH1, a gene associated with tumor progression, was further analyzed. The role of DACH1 on steroidogenesis, transforming growth factor-&bgr;, and Wnt signaling activity was assessed in the human adrenocortical cell line, H295R. Immunohistochemistry confirmed selective expression of DACH1 in human ZG. Silencing of DACH1 in H295R cells increased CYP11B2 mRNA levels and aldosterone production, whereas overexpression of DACH1 decreased aldosterone production. Overexpression of DACH1 in H295R cells activated the transforming growth factor-&bgr; and canonical Wnt signaling pathways but inhibited the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. Stimulation of primary human adrenal cells with angiotensin II decreased DACH1 mRNA expression. Interestingly, there was little overlap between our top ZG genes and those in rodent ZG. In conclusion, (1) the transcriptome profile of human ZG differs from rodent ZG, (2) DACH1 inhibits aldosterone secretion in human adrenals, and (3) transforming growth factor-&bgr; signaling pathway is activated in DACH1 overexpressed cells and may mediate inhibition of aldosterone secretion in human adrenals.
A Charge-Plasma-Based Dielectric-Modulated Junctionless TFET for Biosensor Label-Free Detection

To reduce the fabrication complexity and cost of the nanoscale devices, a charge-plasma concept is introduced for the first time to implement a dielectric-modulated junctionless tunnel field-effect transistor (DM-JLTFET) for biosensor label-free detection. The formation of p+ source and n+ drain regions in DM-JLTFET is done by the deposition of platinum (work function = 5.93 eV) and hafnium (work function = 3.9 eV) materials, respectively, over the silicon body. Furthermore, a nanogap cavity embedded within the gate dielectric is created by etching the portion of gate oxide layer toward the source end for sensing biomolecules. For this, the sensing capability of DM-JLTFET has been investigated in terms of variation in dielectric constant, charge density, length, and thickness of the cavity at different bias conditions. Finally, a comparative study between DM-JLTFET and MOSFET biosensor is investigated. The implementation of proposed device and all the simulations have been performed by using ATLAS device simulator.
Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of extratropical wave-mean flow interaction

Baroclinic and barotropic processes are the key components of midlatitude tropospheric dynamics. Baroclinic processes are involved in the growth of extratropical storms, whereas barotropic processes are involved in their decay, suggesting the two processes are closely linked. Their links are conventionally studied through wavemean flow interaction theory and through modes of variability, and both planetary and synoptic scale waves play an important role in interacting with the baroclinic and barotropic mean flow. These processes are studied using multiscale asymptotic methods, which provide a framework for studying wave-mean flow interactions on different spatial and temporal scales. This framework is used to derive the full set of equations for small amplitude planetary and synoptic scale waves and for the zonal mean flow and its interactions with planetary and synoptic waves. In a zonally inhomogeneous framework (planetary-wave amplitudes comparable to synoptic-wave amplitudes) this theory predicts a coupling of baroclinic and barotropic processes through the planetary scale waves, and the interactions between the planetary and synoptic waves only occurring via the zonal mean flow or diabatic and frictional processes. However, in a zonally homogeneous framework (negligible planetary waves) baroclinic and barotropic processes are decoupled, with eddy momentum fluxes only affecting the barotropic flow and eddy heat fluxes only affecting the baroclinic flow, consistent with some recent observational studies. The latter somewhat counterintuitive result is studied in a zonally homogeneous idealized model and in Southern Hemisphere observations, using the baroclinic and barotropic annular modes of variability at different timescales. This shows that the decoupling of the two processes can indeed occur, but is frequency-dependent. The important role of planetary scale waves is explored in a zonally inhomogeneous idealized model and in Northern Hemisphere observations through the variability in the barotropic and baroclinic mean flows in storm track regions, and links with teleconnection patterns are established.
LTE-U sum-rate maximization considering QoS and co-existence issue

Wireless communication industry is facing storm of exponential mobile traffic increase due to richer contents sharing over the network through smart devices. A innocent resolution for envisaging this contravention is to employ more licensed spectrum. But this is a scare resource and sufficient additional spectrum will be unavailable in the upcoming days. So, both academia and industry are engaging different new technologies to deal with this traffic cyclone in cellular networks. Long Term Evaluation-Advanced (LTE-A) is such a recent technology that serves heavy mobile traffic. But with insufficient licensed spectrum, LTE-A also cannot meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of all it's users. So, by augmenting the benefits of LTE-A into unlicensed spectrum known as LTE-U with the help of carrier aggregation (CA) technique, we can boost the performance of 4G/5G cellular network. The process will degrade the performance of other technologies which are already using same unlicensed band. Moreover, if multiple cellular network operators (CNOs) use the same unlicensed band then they will diminish the benefits of each others. In this paper, we explore the CA of licensed and unlicensed spectrum when QoS of user cannot be met with licensed spectrum by deploying dual mode small cell base station (SBS) and considering minimum requirement of unlicensed WiFi access points (WAP). Here, we formulate the resource allocation as an optimization problem which wants to maximize the sum-rate of LTE-U system. Then we solve this problem with the help of Nash bargaining game (NBG) between LTE-U and WAP by cooperative approach. Simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach considering QoS requirement of LTE-U users and coexistence issue with WAPs.
The response of hot wires in high Reynolds-number turbulent pipe flow

Issues concerning the accuracy of hot-wire measurements in turbulent pipe flow are addressed for pipe Reynolds numbers up to 6 × 106 and hot-wire Reynolds numbers up to Rew ap 250. These include the optimization of spatial and temporal resolution and the associated feature of signal-to-noise ratio. Very high wire Reynolds numbers enable the use of wires with reduced length-to-diameter ratios compared to those typical of atmospheric conditions owing to increased wire Nusselt numbers. Simulation of the steady-state heat balance for the wire and the unetched portion of wire are used to assess static end-conduction effects: they are used to calculate wire Biot numbers, \sqrt{c_0}l , and fractional end-conduction losses, σ, which confirm the 'conduction-only' theory described by Corrsin. They show that, at Rew ap 250, the wire length-to-diameter ratio can be reduced to about 50, while keeping \sqrt{c_0}l\gt3 and σ < 7% in common with accepted limits at Rew ap 3. It is shown that these limits depend additionally on the choice of wire material and the length of unetched wire. The dynamic effects of end-cooling are also assessed using the conduction-only theory.
Expression of Human Papilloma Virus E7 Protein Causes Apoptosis and Inhibits DNA Synthesis in Primary Hepatocytes via Increased Expression of p21Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6 *

The impact of human papilloma virus (HPV16) E7 proteins and retinoblastoma (RB) antisense oligonucleotides upon mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis via p21Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6 (p21) was determined in primary hepatocytes. Prolonged activation of the MAPK pathway in p21+/+ or p21−/− hepatocytes caused a large decrease and increase, respectively, in DNA synthesis. Either transfection with RB antisense oligonucleotides, expression of wild type E7, or RB binding mutant E7 (C24S) proteins increased p21 levels and reduced DNA synthesis in p21+/+ hepatocytes. RB antisense oligonucleotides and E7 proteins increased apoptosis in p21+/+, but not p21−/−, hepatocytes. Expression of wild type E7 increased DNA synthesis above control levels in p21−/− cells, which was additive with prolonged MAPK activation. In contrast, expression of mutant E7 did not alter DNA synthesis above control levels in p21−/− cells and was supra-additive with prolonged MAPK activation. Antisense ablation of RB in p21−/− hepatocytes had a weak stimulatory effect upon DNA synthesis itself but enhanced the capacity of mutant E7 protein to stimulate DNA synthesis to the same level observed using wild type E7. The ability of prolonged MAPK activation to stimulate DNA synthesis in the presence of mutant E7 and antisense RB was additive. Collectively, the present data demonstrate that loss of RB function together with loss of p21 function plays an important role in the E7- and MAPK-dependent modulation of apoptosis and DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes.