Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsequent sexually transmitted infection after outpatient treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of recurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and/or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the average time until subsequent infection following a baseline PID diagnosis, and age- and insurance-related associations with subsequent diagnoses. DESIGN This study used prospective longitudinal follow-up of STI and/or PID outcome data from electronic medical records. SETTING An urban academic hospital system. PARTICIPANTS A total of 110 adolescent girls treated for PID as outpatients in pediatric ambulatory sites. Main Exposure Electronic medical records used to assess subsequent PID diagnoses and/or infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis during the study window. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic, health care use, and STI and/or PID outcome data were examined. Incidence of an STI and/or PID was calculated as incident cases per person-months of exposure. Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to evaluate the incidence of STI by age or insurance status. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 16.8 (1.9) years, 89% of patients were black, and 39% had laboratory results that were positive for N gonorrhoeae or C trachomatis at baseline. Thirty-four percent of patients had an additional diagnosis of an STI during the 48-month follow-up window (incidence, 3.1 per 100 person-months) and the mean (SD) time to a subsequent STI and/or PID was 377 (297) days. Of those patients, 67% (n = 18) had chlamydia, 11% had gonorrhoeae, and 44% had PID. There were no differences based on age or insurance status. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents treated for PID are at risk for subsequent STI and/or PID for a 48-month period. Given the need to prevent future infections in these vulnerable youths, efforts to explore the value of ongoing strategies for risk reduction after diagnosis are warranted.
The interpersonal effect of emotion in decision-making and social dilemmas

Recent decades have seen increased interest on the role of emotional expression in human-computer interaction. However, despite a growing number of empirical findings reported in the literature, the results are still inconclusive about the mechanism for the social effects of emotion. This dissertation studies how emotion displays in computers impact people's decision-making and proposes a mechanism for such effects based on appraisal theories of emotion. In appraisal theories, emotion displays arise from cognitive appraisal of events with respect to one's goals (e.g., is this event congruent with my goals? Who is responsible for this event? ). According to the pattern of appraisals that occurs, different emotions are experienced and displayed. Since displays reflect the agent's intentions through the appraisal process, we argue people infer, from emotion displays, how computer agents are appraising the ongoing interaction and, from this information, make inferences about the agents' intentions. We refer to this theory as reverse appraisal. To support it, several empirical studies are presented where participants engage in the iterated prisoner's dilemma with virtual agents that, though following the same strategy to choose their actions, display emotions in the face that are consistent with either cooperative or competitive goals. The results confirm that emotion displays impact people's decision making and people cooperate more with cooperative agents. Consistent with reverse appraisal's prediction that what is critical for the effects is not the emotion but the underlying appraisals, the results also show that the same display (e.g., a smile) can lead to opposite effects on cooperation depending on the context in which it is shown. A final study shows that people can successfully retrieve, from emotion displays, information about how agents are appraising the ongoing interaction; moreover, these perceptions of appraisal are shown to mediate the effect of emotion displays on perceptions of the agents' likelihood of cooperation. Having established the theoretical foundations of reverse appraisal, the dissertation presents several computational models of decision-making in the prisoner's dilemma. These models were developed by applying statistical and machine learning techniques on the data collected in the studies. Experimental results show that, as expected, computer models can better replicate human behavior in the original studies if they take into consideration the counterpart's appraisals and emotion displays. In addition, the dissertation also contributes a platform for creating realistic embodied agents that can display emotion. This platform was used in all studies to implement the experimental manipulations and can be used as a research tool to study human-agent and human-human interaction. Finally, the dissertation discusses the implications of reverse appraisal and the reported social effects of emotion for human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, decision and emotion theory.
Outer Membrane Protein Expression Profile in Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT The gram-negative gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is equipped with an extraordinarily large set of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), whose role in the infection process is not well understood. The Hop (Helicobacter outer membrane porins) and Hor (Hop-related proteins) groups constitute a large paralogous family consisting of 33 members. The OMPs AlpA, AlpB, BabA, SabA, and HopZ have been identified as adhesins or adherence-associated proteins. To better understand the relevance of these and other OMPs during infection, we analyzed the expression of eight different omp genes (alpA, alpB, babA, babB, babC, sabA, hopM, and oipA) in a set of 200 patient isolates, mostly from symptomatic children or young adults. Virtually all clinical isolates produced the AlpA and AlpB proteins, supporting their essential function. All other OMPs were produced at extremely variable rates, ranging from 35% to 73%, indicating a function in close adaptation to the individual host or gastric niche. In 11% of the isolates, BabA was produced, and SabA was produced in 5% of the isolates, but the strains failed to bind their cognate substrates. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in gastric cells was strictly dependent on the presence of the cag pathogenicity island, whereas the presence of OipA clearly enhanced IL-8 production. The presence of the translocated effector protein CagA correlated well with BabA and OipA production. In conclusion, we found unexpectedly diverse omp expression profiles in individual H. pylori strains and hypothesize that this reflects the selective pressure for adhesion, which may differ across different hosts as well as within an individual over time.
Padrão do ciclo sono-vigília e sua relação com a ansiedade em estudantes universitários

Sleep/wake cycle pattern and its relationship with anxiety in college students. This paper examines the relationship between the sleep/wake cycle and anxiety in medical students. The sleep/wake cycle and anxiety were evaluated in 37 second year medical school students. The volunteers answered a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index – PSQI and state and trait of anxiety inventory – STAI; all kept a sleep/wake diary for two weeks. The results showed that the students had high anxiety trait and state. Students who had high anxiety trait had an earlier sleep offset on weekdays and weekend, and students who displayed irregularity in the sleep/wake cycle had high anxiety state. These results suggest a relationship between the sleep/wake cycle and anxiety.
Neurocognitive Outcomes in Young Adults With Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reexamine the neurocognitive function of a cohort of young adults with early-onset type 1 diabetes and compare their cognitive function to a matched control group. We also examined whether cognitive function was related to prospectively obtained severe hypoglycemia history, long-term glycemic control, or severe diabetic ketoacidosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Testing included Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Adults, Wechsler Memory Scale, Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CCFIT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), youth and adult self-report, and Beck Depression Inventory. We tested 34 control subjects (mean ± SE, age 19.5 ± 0.5 years) and 33 type 1 diabetic subjects (age 19.3 ± 0.5 years, age at type 1 diabetes onset 3.3 ± 0.3 years, A1C from diagnosis 8.7 ± 0.1%, and diabetes duration 16.0 ± 0.5 years). RESULTS There was no difference in full-scale IQ scores in type 1 diabetic and control subjects (100.7 ± 2.0 vs. 102.5 ± 1.4). There was no difference between groups in memory subtests or in reporting of emotional and behavioral difficulties. The type 1 diabetes group scored lower on the CCFIT for fluid intelligence compared with control subjects (P = 0.028) and also scored lower on WCST with more perseverative errors (P = 0.002) and fewer categories completed (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest no difference in general intellectual ability, memory, and emotional difficulties in our cohort of young adults with early-onset type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects and no deterioration over time. There were, however, findings to suggest subtle changes leading to poorer performance on complex tasks of executive function.
Chloride channel gene expression in the rabbit cornea.

PURPOSE The maintenance of stromal hydration by the corneal endothelium relies on active transendothelial anion transport, with bicarbonate and chloride the major anions carrying the current. However, the ion transport pathways that operate to maintain stromal hydration have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS We used RT-PCR to identify the gene expression profile of members of the ClC family of chloride channels in freshly isolated samples of rabbit corneal endothelium, stroma, and epithelium. The expression of a separate group of genes was also examined to confirm the purity of the sample collection protocol. The expression of the ClC-2 and ClC-3 channel protein in the cornea was also evaluated by light and electron microscopic immunolabelling. RESULTS The mRNA for ClC-2, ClC-3, ClC-5, ClC-6, and ClC-7 were expressed in both the corneal epithelium and endothelium, and in the stroma. The mRNA for the skeletal muscle specific channel ClC-1 and the kidney specific chloride channel ClC-Ka were not detectable. ClC-4 mRNA was not detected in any rabbit tissue examined. The expression pattern of the mRNAs for collagens V, VI, VII, and VIII demonstrated the absence of contamination in epithelial and endothelial samples. ClC-2 and ClC-3 immunolabelling confirmed the presence of these proteins in corneal endothelium, stroma, and epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Together with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium activated chloride channel-1 (CLCA1), these results bring the number of chloride channel genes known to be expressed in the corneal endothelium and epithelium to seven. These channels are likely to be important for the maintenance of corneal transparency.
Newspaper Reading in Longitudinal Perspective: Beyond Structural Constraints

'Inacomprchcnsive review ofresearchsince 1950. McCombs found more than fifty studies that specifically compare readers to non-ruden . Maxwell McCombs. 'Newspaper Readership and Circulation. " ANPA News Research Repoporr No. 3 (May, 1977). Prominent studies include Wilbur Schrsmm and Dsvid Manning White. 'Age. Education. Economic Status: Factors in Ncwrpapcr Reading. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY. 26:149159(June, 1949). M;rrill Samuclson, Richard F. Carterand Lcc Rusgels. 'Education. Available Time. and Use of Mass Media. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 40:4914%. 617(Autumn. 1963). Bruce H. Wnrlcy and Werner J . Sevcrin. "A Profileofthe D d y Newspaper Non-Reader. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY. 41:4550. 156 (Winter. 1964). Jeanne Penroac. David H. Waver . Richard R. Cole and Donald Lewis Shaw. 'The Newspaper Nonreader 10 Years h t e r : A Panial Replication of WestlcyScvcrin. " JOURNALISM QUARTERLY, 51:631438 (Winter. 1974). Subsequent research includes Paula M. Poindcxtcr. "on-Ruders: Why They Don't Read. " ANPA News Research Repoporr No. P (January. 1978). Jack M. McLeod and Sun Yucl Choc. 'An Analysis of Five Facton Affecting Newspaper Circulation. " ANPA News Research Repoporr No. 10 (March. 1978). John P. Robinson. "Daily News Habits of the Amcr iun Public," ANPA News Research Report No. /J (September. 1978).
ATP-dependent Proton Transport into Vesicles of Microsomal Membranes of Zea mays Coleoptiles

Abstract ATP-dependent proton pumps were found in the vesicles of microsomal membrane fractions of maize coleoptiles. Two membrane fractions isolated by density gradient centrifugation were identified by the aid of marker enzymes and electron microscopic analysis. Membrane fraction A largely consisted of vesicles of smooth ER and of the Golgi complex, fraction B predominantly of vesicles of plasmalemma and rough ER. The pH-indicator, neutral red, was used to measure changes in pH in the vesicles after ATP addition. Due to the binding of protonated neutral red molecules (NRH+) to negative charges of the energized membrane, a strong metachromasy of NRH+-absorption can be observed. Therefore, in order to accurately measure A pH a pH-dependent change in absorption of neutral red covering the whole NR-spectrum was set up as difference spectra. The commonly employed method of measuring AA of neutral red at just one wavelength (525 nm) leads to entirely incorrect results. It could be demonstrated that the ATP-dependent translocation of H+-ions into the interior of the vesicles was most efficient at pH 7. Acidification, which reaches its maximum 10-15 min after ATP addition, can be reverted by adding CCCP. An ATP-dependent proton-translocation into the vesicles of fraction B was also observed, however, the proton translocation is less than that found in fraction A in relation to the amount of protein found in each. The membrane fraction A displays a strong oxidation of NADH subsequently followed by an alkalization of the medium. This process cannot be reverted by adding CCCP. NADH oxidation at membranes of fraction A is consequently not an integral part of a redox-pump. A possible significance of the ATP-dependent proton pump in membranes of the ER and Golgi fraction of coleoptiles is discussed in connection with auxin induced elongation growth.
Why Women Approve of Affirmative Action: The Study of a Predictive Model

Abstract The self-interest model has often been used to predict the reactions of advantaged groups to affirmative action. It is argued that self-interest also plays a role in the genesis of attitudes of disadvantaged groups, such as women. More precisely, it is hypothesised that considerations of personal interest have an impact on considerations of collective interest which in turn have an impact on the sense of collective relative deprivation (CRD). In the past, it was shown that women who felt collectively deprived approved of strategies designed to eliminate systemic barriers. No link was found, however, between CRD and preferential treatment. Women, in majority, were opposed to this strategy. On the basis of a model introduced by Taylor and McKirnan (1984), it is argued that women who have experienced discrimination on the basis of sex in spite of the introduction of affirmative action strategies may support preferential treatment. The hypotheses were integrated in a model and tested using LISREL cau.
Comparing Different Flavors of Spectro-Temporal Features for ASR

In the last decade, several studies have shown that the robustness of ASR systems can be increased when 2D Gabor filters are used to extract specific modulation frequencies from the input pattern. This paper analyzes important design parameters for spectro-temporal features based on a Gabor filter bank: We perform experiments with filters that exhibit different phase sensitivity. Further, we analyze if non-linear weighting with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and a subsequent concatenation with mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) has beneficial effects. For the Aurora2 noisy digit recognition task, the use of phase sensitive filters improved the MFCC baseline, whereas using filters that neglect phase information did not. While MLP processing alone did not have a large effect on the overall performance, the best results were obtained for MLP-processed phase sensitive filters and added MFCCs, with relative error reductions of over 40% for both noisy and clean training.
A Highly Efficient and Reliable Inverter Configuration Based Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for PV Systems

This paper presents an improved cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) based on a highly efficient and reliable configuration for the minimization of the leakage current. Apart from a reduced switch count, the proposed scheme has additional features of low switching and conduction losses. The proposed topology with the given pulse width modulation (PWM) technique reduces the high-frequency voltage transitions in the terminal and common-mode voltages. Avoiding high-frequency voltage transitions achieves the minimization of the leakage current and reduction in the size of electromagnetic interference filters. Furthermore, the extension of the proposed CMLI along with the PWM technique for 2m + 1 levels is also presented, where m represents the number of photovoltaic (PV) sources. The proposed PWM technique requires only a single carrier wave for all 2m + 1 levels of operation. The total harmonic distortion of the grid current for the proposed CMLI meets the requirements of IEEE 1547 standard. A comparison of the proposed CMLI with the existing PV multilevel inverter topologies is also presented in the paper. Complete details of the analysis of PV terminal and common-mode voltages of the proposed CMLI using switching function concept, simulations, and experimental results are presented in the paper.
Weakly-Supervised Visual Grounding of Phrases with Linguistic Structures

We propose a weakly-supervised approach that takes image-sentence pairs as input and learns to visually ground (i.e., localize) arbitrary linguistic phrases, in the form of spatial attention masks. Specifically, the model is trained with images and their associated image-level captions, without any explicit region-to-phrase correspondence annotations. To this end, we introduce an end-to-end model which learns visual groundings of phrases with two types of carefully designed loss functions. In addition to the standard discriminative loss, which enforces that attended image regions and phrases are consistently encoded, we propose a novel structural loss which makes use of the parse tree structures induced by the sentences. In particular, we ensure complementarity among the attention masks that correspond to sibling noun phrases, and compositionality of attention masks among the children and parent phrases, as defined by the sentence parse tree. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on the Microsoft COCO and Visual Genome datasets.
Professional, Critical, Policy, and Public Academics in Canada

This paper analyzes the results of a unique 2000 study of a representative sample of Canadian academics (n=3,318) in order to provide the first empirical assessment of Burawoy’s intellectual types: professional, critical, policy, and public intellectuals. After determining the distribution of academic types in the Canadian professoriate as a whole, the paper demonstrates that academic types fall along a left-right continuum, different fields of study contain different distributions of academic types, and public, policy, and critical academics tend to have different socio-demographic and economic characteristics than professional academics. The picture that emerges from the analysis is of a professoriate whose contours substantiate the broad outlines of Burawoy’s typology.
Exploring the Relationship Between Interrater Correlations and Validity of Peer Ratings

A field study was conducted to investigate the relationship between interrater correlations and validity estimates of peer ratings. Validity coefficients and interrater correlations were calculated for 281 work units in a large law enforcement organization in Israel. The main result was a weak positive linear relationship between these two variables. Furthermore, in some of the analyses conducted, a nonlinear quadratic component in the relationship between these measures was evident. Validity was low only when interrater correlation was very low (r = .4 and less). Above this level, validity was stable and almost did not change as interrater correlation increased. This finding, together with other studies (Borman, 1975; Buckner, 1959; Freeberg, 1969; Weekley & Gier, 1989), cast doubt on the assertion that interrater correlation in the field of performance rating is a proper measurement of reliability.
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 null genotype is not associated with pediatric de novo acute leukemia

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) is a two‐electron reductase that detoxifies quinones derived from the oxidation of phenolic metabolites of benzene. Exposure to benzene metabolites increases the risk of hematotoxicity and leukemia. NQO1 enzyme activity protects the cells against metabolites of benzene. C to T base substitution at nucleotide 609 of NQO1 cDNA (C609T) results in loss of enzyme activity. Low NQO1 activity may play a role in etiology of acute leukemia.