Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S6K1−/−/S6K2−/− Mice Exhibit Perinatal Lethality and Rapamycin-Sensitive 5′-Terminal Oligopyrimidine mRNA Translation and Reveal a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent S6 Kinase Pathway

ABSTRACT Activation of 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) is mediated by anabolic signals triggered by hormones, growth factors, and nutrients. Stimulation by any of these agents is inhibited by the bacterial macrolide rapamycin, which binds to and inactivates the mammalian target of rapamycin, an S6K kinase. In mammals, two genes encoding homologous S6Ks, S6K1 and S6K2, have been identified. Here we show that mice deficient for S6K1 or S6K2 are born at the expected Mendelian ratio. Compared to wild-type mice, S6K1−/− mice are significantly smaller, whereas S6K2 −/− mice tend to be slightly larger. However, mice lacking both genes showed a sharp reduction in viability due to perinatal lethality. Analysis of S6 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and nucleoli of cells derived from the distinct S6K genotypes suggests that both kinases are required for full S6 phosphorylation but that S6K2 may be more prevalent in contributing to this response. Despite the impairment of S6 phosphorylation in cells from S6K1 −/−/S6K2 −/− mice, cell cycle progression and the translation of 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNAs were still modulated by mitogens in a rapamycin-dependent manner. Thus, the absence of S6K1 and S6K2 profoundly impairs animal viability but does not seem to affect the proliferative responses of these cell types. Unexpectedly, in S6K1 −/−/S6K2 −/− cells, S6 phosphorylation persisted at serines 235 and 236, the first two sites phosphorylated in response to mitogens. In these cells, as well as in rapamycin-treated wild-type, S6K1 −/−, and S6K2 −/− cells, this step was catalyzed by a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent kinase, most likely p90rsk. These data reveal a redundancy between the S6K and the MAPK pathways in mediating early S6 phosphorylation in response to mitogens.
New Shortest Lattice Vector Problems of Polynomial Complexity

The Shortest Lattice Vector (SLV) problem is in general hard to solve, except for special cases (such as root lattices and lattices for which an obtuse superbase is known). In this paper, we present a new class of SLV problems that can be solved efficiently. Specifically, if for an $n$-dimensional lattice, a Gram matrix is known that can be written as the difference of a diagonal matrix and a positive semidefinite matrix of rank $k$ (for some constant $k$), we show that the SLV problem can be reduced to a $k$-dimensional optimization problem with countably many candidate points. Moreover, we show that the number of candidate points is bounded by a polynomial function of the ratio of the smallest diagonal element and the smallest eigenvalue of the Gram matrix. Hence, as long as this ratio is upper bounded by a polynomial function of $n$, the corresponding SLV problem can be solved in polynomial complexity. Our investigations are motivated by the emergence of such lattices in the field of Network Information Theory. Further applications may exist in other areas.
On Test Set Preservation of Retimed Circuits

Recently, it has been shown that retiming has a very strong impact on the run time of sequential, structural automatic test pattern generators (ATPGs), as well as the levels of fault coverage and fault efficiency attained. In this paper, we show that retiming preserves testability with respect to a single stuck-at fault test set by adding a prefix sequence of a pre-determined number of arbitrary input vectors. Experimental results show that high fault coverages can be achieved on high performance circuits optimized by retiming with a much less CPU time (a reduction of two orders of magnitude in several instances) than if ATPG is attempted directly on those circuits.
Eccentric decline squat protocol offers superior results at 12 months compared with traditional eccentric protocol for patellar tendinopathy in volleyball players

Background: Conservative treatment of patellar tendinopathy has been minimally investigated. Effective validated treatment protocols are required. Objectives: To investigate the immediate (12 weeks) and long term (12 months) efficacy of two eccentric exercise programmes for the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Methods: This was a prospective randomised controlled trial of 17 elite volleyball players with clinically diagnosed and imaging confirmed patellar tendinopathy. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a decline group and a step group. The decline group were required to perform single leg squats on a 25° decline board, exercising into tendon pain and progressing their exercises with load. The step group performed single leg squats on a 10 cm step, exercising without tendon pain and progressing their exercises with speed then load. All participants completed a 12 week intervention programme during their preseason. Outcome measures used were the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) score for knee function and 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) for tendon pain with activity. Measures were taken throughout the intervention period and at 12 months. Results: Both groups had improved significantly from baseline at 12 weeks and 12 months. Analysis of the likelihood of a 20 point improvement in VISA score at 12 months revealed a greater likelihood of clinical improvements in the decline group than the step group. VAS scores at 12 months did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Both exercise protocols improved pain and sporting function in volleyball players over 12 months. This study indicates that the decline squat protocol offers greater clinical gains during a rehabilitation programme for patellar tendinopathy in athletes who continue to train and play with pain.
DWM-TAPESTRI - An energy efficient all-spin cache using domain wall shift based writes

Spin-based memories are promising candidates for future on-chip memories due to their high density, non-volatility, and very low leakage. However, the high energy and latency of write operations in these memories is a major challenge. In this work, we explore a new approach - shift based write - that offers a fast and energy-efficient alternative to performing writes in spin-based memories. We propose DWM-TAPESTRI, a new all-spin cache design that utilizes Domain Wall Memory (DWM) with shift based writes at all levels of the cache hierarchy. The proposed write scheme enables DWM to be used, for the first time, in L1 caches and in tag arrays, where the inefficiency of writes in spin memories has traditionally precluded their use. At the circuit level, we propose bit-cell designs utilizing shift-based writes, which are tailored to the differing requirements of different levels in the cache hierarchy. We also propose pre-shifting as an architectural technique to hide the latency of shift operations that is inherent to DWM. We performed a systematic device-circuit-architecture evaluation of the proposed design. Over a wide range of SPEC 2006 benchmarks, DWM-TAPESTRI achieves 8.2X improvement in energy and 4X improvement in area, with virtually identical performance, compared to an iso-capacity SRAM cache. Compared to an iso-capacity STT-MRAM cache, the proposed design achieves around 1.6X improvement in both area and energy under iso-performance conditions.
Minimizing Binding Errors Using Learned Conjunctive Features

We have studied some of the design trade-offs governing visual representations based on spatially invariant conjunctive feature detectors, with an emphasis on the susceptibility of such systems to false-positive recognition errorsMalsburg's classical binding problem. We begin by deriving an analytical model that makes explicit how recognition performance is affected by the number of objects that must be distinguished, the number of features included in the representation, the complexity of individual objects, and the clutter load, that is, the amount of visual material in the field of view in which multiple objects must be simultaneously recognized, independent of pose, and without explicit segmentation. Using the domain of text to model object recognition in cluttered scenes, we show that with corrections for the nonuniform probability and nonindependence of text features, the analytical model achieves good fits to measured recognition rates in simulations involving a wide range of clutter loads, word sizes, and feature counts. We then introduce a greedy algorithm for feature learning, derived from the analytical model, which grows a representation by choosing those conjunctive features that are most likely to distinguish objects from the cluttered backgrounds in which they are embedded. We show that the representations produced by this algorithm are compact, decorrelated, and heavily weighted toward features of low conjunctive order. Our results provide a more quantitative basis for understanding when spatially invariant conjunctive features can support unambiguous perception in multiobject scenes, and lead to several insights regarding the properties of visual representations optimized for specific recognition tasks.
Cyclists’ Anger As Determinant of Near Misses Involving Different Road Users

Road anger constitutes one of the determinant factors related to safety outcomes (e.g., accidents, near misses). Although cyclists are considered vulnerable road users due to their relatively high rate of fatalities in traffic, previous research has solely focused on car drivers, and no study has yet investigated the effect of anger on cyclists’ safety outcomes. The present research aims to investigate, for the first time, the effects of cycling anger toward different types of road users on near misses involving such road users and near misses in general. Using a daily diary web-based questionnaire, we collected data about daily trips, bicycle use, near misses experienced, cyclist’s anger and demographic information from 254 Spanish cyclists. Poisson regression was used to assess the association of cycling anger with near misses, which is a count variable. No relationship was found between general cycling anger and near misses occurrence. Anger toward specific road users had different effects on the probability of near misses with different road users. Anger toward the interaction with car drivers increased the probability of near misses involving cyclists and pedestrians. Anger toward interaction with pedestrians was associated with higher probability of near misses with pedestrians. Anger toward cyclists exerted no effect on the probability of near misses with any road user (i.e., car drivers, cyclists or pedestrians), whereas anger toward the interactions with the police had a diminishing effect on the occurrence of near misses’ involving all types of road users. The present study demonstrated that the effect of road anger on safety outcomes among cyclists is different from that of motorists. Moreover, the target of anger played an important role on safety both for the cyclist and the specific road users. Possible explanations for these differences are based on the difference in status and power with motorists, as well as on the potential displaced aggression produced by the fear of retaliation by motorized vehicle users.
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease Intermittent hypoxia induces transient arousal delay in newborn mice

E. Durand, F. Lofaso, S. Dauger, G. Vardon, C. Gaultier, and J. Gallego Laboratoire de Neurologie et Physiologie du Développement, INSERM E9935, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris; Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches; Service de Pédiatrie-Réanimation, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris; URAPC, Université de Picardie, 80036 Amiens; and Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019 Paris, France
The Neural Correlates of Visuospatial Perceptual and Oculomotor Extrapolation

The human visual system must perform complex visuospatial extrapolations (VSE) across space and time in order to extract shape and form from the retinal projection of a cluttered visual environment characterized by occluded surfaces and moving objects. Even if we exclude the temporal dimension, for instance when judging whether an extended finger is pointing towards one object or another, the mechanisms of VSE remain opaque. Here we investigated the neural correlates of VSE using functional magnetic resonance imaging in sixteen human observers while they judged the relative position of, or saccaded to, a (virtual) target defined by the extrapolated path of a pointer. Using whole brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses, we compared the brain activity evoked by these VSE tasks to similar control judgements or eye movements made to explicit (dot) targets that did not require extrapolation. The data show that activity in an occipitotemporal region that included the lateral occipital cortex (LOC) was significantly greater during VSE than during control tasks. A similar, though less pronounced, pattern was also evident in regions of the fronto-parietal cortex that included the frontal eye fields. However, none of the ROIs examined exhibited a significant interaction between target type (extrapolated/explicit) and response type (oculomotor/perceptual). These findings are consistent with a close association between visuoperceptual and oculomotor responses, and highlight a critical role for the LOC in the process of VSE.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AND THE EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE

Objective: To assess the relation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and serum interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) with reproductive failure. Design: Prospective study.
Reducing everyday memory and planning problems by means of a paging system: a randomised control crossover study

OBJECTIVES To evaluate a paging system designed to improve independence in people with memory problems and executive deficits. METHODS After a successful pilot study, a randomised control trial was conducted involving a crossover design with 143 people aged between 8 and 83 years. All had one or more of the following: memory, planning, attention, or organisation problems. Most had sustained a traumatic head injury or a stroke although a few had developmental learning difficulties or other conditions. The crossover design ensured that some people received a pager after a 2 week baseline whereas others were required to wait for 7 weeks after the baseline before receiving the pager. Participants were assessed at three time periods—namely, at baseline, 7 weeks, and at 14 weeks postbaseline. RESULTS More than 80% of those who completed the 16 week trial were significantly more successful in carrying out everyday activities (such as self care, self medication, and keeping appointments) when using the pager in comparison with the baseline period. For most of these, significant improvement was maintained when they were monitored 7 weeks after returning the pager. CONCLUSIONS This particular paging system significantly reduces everyday failures of memory and planning in people with brain injury.
A Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms for Word Sense Disambiguation

This paper describes a set of comparative experiments, including cross-corpus evaluation, between five alternative algorithms for supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), namely Naive Bayes, Exemplar-based learning, SNoW, Decision Lists, and Boosting. Two main conclusions can be drawn: 1) The LazyBoosting algorithm outperforms the other four state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and ability to tune to new domains; 2) The domain dependence of WSD systems seems very strong and suggests that some kind of adaptation or tuning is required for cross-corpus application.
Eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in undergraduate nutrition and dietetics degrees

AIM The prevalence of disordered eating has been frequently reported in university students; however, the prevalence amongst Australian undergraduate students studying degrees with a focus on nutrition is uncertain. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in nutrition and dietetics, (ii) compare those to students enrolled in another health degree of occupational therapy (OT) and (iii) explore possible relationships between eating attitudes and behaviours and other characteristics of both cohorts. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study investigated self-reported anthropometric characteristics, eating attitudes and behaviours and self-esteem using a series of questionnaires. RESULTS Participants included 137 students (119 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 27.1 ± 8.7 years. Fourteen percent of nutrition and dietetics and 11% of OT students had disordered eating attitudes scores that were symptomatic of an eating disorder. Mean eating attitude scores did not differ between the degrees of study. Students in nutrition and dietetics showed significantly higher levels of cognitive restraint and less emotional eating than OT students. Enrolment in the first year of study was the strongest predictor of symptomatic eating attitudes. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previously expressed concern about presence of disordered eating in nutrition and dietetics undergraduates. Collaboratively developed support mechanisms for preventing and managing disordered relationships with food would be of benefit to students enrolled in nutrition degrees to ensure ongoing professional integrity.
New physical layer security measures for wireless transmissions over fading channels

For secure communications over wireless fading channels, the secrecy outage probability is widely used as the performance measure. However, the current secrecy outage formulation has two major limitations in evaluating the secrecy performance: a) the amount of information leakage to the eavesdropper cannot be characterized when an outage occurs, b) the current formulation does not give insights into the eavesdropper's decodability of confidential messages. To overcome such limitations and obtain in-depth understanding of secrecy performance over wireless fading channels, this paper proposes three new secrecy measures for different practical aims, namely, 1) generalized secrecy outage probability, 2) asymptotic lower bound on eavesdropper's decoding error probability, and 3) average information leakage rate. A specific example of wireless transmissions with a fixed-rate wiretap code is given to illustrate the use of the proposed secrecy measures.
Genomic Profiling Maps Loss of Heterozygosity and Defines the Timing and Stage Dependence of Epigenetic and Genetic Events in Wilms' Tumors

To understand genetic and epigenetic pathways in Wilms' tumors, we carried out a genome scan for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using Affymetrix 10K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips and supplemented the data with karyotype information. To score loss of imprinting (LOI) of the IGF2 gene, we assessed DNA methylation of the H19 5′ differentially methylated region (DMR). Few chromosomal regions other than band 11p13 (WT1) were lost in Wilms' tumors from Denys-Drash and Wilms' tumor-aniridia syndromes, whereas sporadic Wilms' tumors showed LOH of several regions, most frequently 11p15 but also 1p, 4q, 7p, 11q, 14q, 16q, and 17p. LOI was common in the sporadic Wilms' tumors but absent in the syndromic cases. The SNP chips identified novel centers of LOH in the sporadic tumors, including a 2.4-Mb minimal region on chromosome 4q24-q25. Losses of chromosomes 1p, 14q, 16q, and 17p were more common in tumors presenting at an advanced stage; 11p15 LOH was seen at all stages, whereas LOI was associated with early-stage presentation. Wilms' tumors with LOI often completely lacked LOH in the genome-wide analysis, and in some tumors with concomitant 16q LOH and LOI, the loss of chromosome 16q was mosaic, whereas the H19 DMR methylation was complete. These findings confirm molecular differences between sporadic and syndromic Wilms' tumors, define regions of recurrent LOH, and indicate that gain of methylation at the H19 DMR is an early event in Wilms' tumorigenesis that is independent of chromosomal losses. The data further suggest a biological difference between sporadic Wilms' tumors with and without LOI.
The Twilight Zone

Do you ever know the book? Yeah, this is a very interesting book to read. As we told previously, reading is not kind of obligation activity to do when we have to obligate. Reading should be a habit, a good habit. By reading, you can open the new world and get the power from the world. Everything can be gained through the book. Well in brief, book is very powerful. As what we offer you right here, this the twilight zone is as one of reading book for you.
SMART retransmission: performance with overload and random losses

Feedback flow control, in conjunction with limited buffering in the network, inevitably leads to packet loss. Effective congestion control requires not only effective flow control but also a good retransmission strategy. We present a new retransmission strategy called SMART that combines the best features of the traditional go-back-n and selective-retransmit strategies. We show, first, that go-back-n retransmission with static window flow control leads to congestion collapse when the nominal load exceeds the link capacity. Second, we can avert congestion collapse by replacing go-back-n with SMART retransmission, even with static window flow control. Third, SMART retransmission, when combined with packet-pair rate-based flow control, performs extremely well, both when losses are due to buffer overflows and when losses are random.
Fast Positioning and Impact Minimizing of MEMS Devices by Suppression of Motion-Induced Vibration by Command-Shaping Method

Electrostatic (ES) force is one of the most important actuation mechanisms for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. However, residual vibration of microstructures induced by ES actuation can bring various problems that degrade dynamic performance and device longevity, such as long settling time, dynamic pull-in, and contact fatigue. By suppressing this undesirable effect, it is expected that both the dynamic performance and device reliability can be effectively enhanced. This paper presents a command-shaping-based scheme with experiment validation for both fast positioning and reduced contact impact of MEMS devices by the suppression of motion-induced vibrations. The scheme was developed by applying energy conservation, force equilibrium, and elliptical integrals. Simulink simulations indicate that both the impact force and settling time can be effectively reduced. In order to count the possible parameter variation and unmodeled dynamics, an online tuning scheme is also proposed and verified through simulation. Finally, spring-plate specimens fabricated using SU-8 with a metallic coating and a test bed containing a laser positioning sensor and a high voltage source are designed to further demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme; the test results indicate that the proposed approach can effectively enhance the dynamic performance of MEMS devices such as grating light valves and RF switches.