Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modulation of Cerebellar Excitability for Abrupt, But Not Gradual, Visuomotor Adaptation

The cerebellum is critically important for error-driven adaptive motor learning, as evidenced by the fact that cerebellar patients do not adapt well to sudden predictable perturbations. However, recent work has shown that cerebellar patients adapt much better if the perturbation is gradually introduced. Here we explore physiological mechanisms that underlie this distinction between abrupt and gradual motor adaptation in humans. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate whether neural mechanisms within the cerebellum contribute to either process during a visuomotor reach adaptation. When a visuomotor rotation was introduced abruptly, cerebellar excitability changed early in learning and approached baseline levels near the end of the adaptation block. However, we observed no modulation of cerebellar excitability when we presented the visuomotor rotation gradually during learning. Similarly, we did not observe cerebellar modulation during trial-by-trial adaptation to random visuomotor displacements or during reaches without perturbations. This suggests that the cerebellum is most active during the early phases of adaptation when large perturbations are successfully compensated.
Trouble is coming: Signaling pathways that regulate general stress responses in bacteria

Bacteria can rapidly and reversibly respond to changing environments via complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Many of these adaptations are specific, with the regulatory output tailored to the inducing signal (for instance, repairing damage to cell components or improving acquisition and use of growth-limiting nutrients). However, the general stress response, activated in bacterial cells entering stationary phase or subjected to nutrient depletion or cellular damage, is unique in that its common, broad output is induced in response to many different signals. In many different bacteria, the key regulator for the general stress response is a specialized sigma factor, the promoter specificity subunit of RNA polymerase. The availability or activity of the sigma factor is regulated by complex regulatory circuits, the majority of which are post-transcriptional. In Escherichia coli, multiple small regulatory RNAs, each made in response to a different signal, positively regulate translation of the general stress response sigma factor RpoS. Stability of RpoS is regulated by multiple anti-adaptor proteins that are also synthesized in response to different signals. In this review, the modes of signaling to and levels of regulation of the E. coli general stress response are discussed. They are also used as a basis for comparison with the general stress response in other bacteria with the aim of extracting key principles that are common among different species and highlighting important unanswered questions.
‘You see a baby die and you’re not fine:’ a case study of stress and coping strategies in volunteer emergency medical technicians

ABSTRACT This study investigates the experiences of volunteer Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) with respect to stress and coping strategies they employ. Research has shown negative implications of work stress in high-reliability organizations, like paid Emergency Medical Services (EMS). While most first responders in the United States are volunteers, little research has examined how their work stress experiences may differ from their paid counterparts. Twenty-five EMTs working in volunteer fire departments participated in one-on-one interviews. Using an inductive approach, four stressors were identified: types of calls, extensive sense of duty, competency concerns, and knowing the patient. Theory of Conversationally Induced Reappraisals explains the effectiveness of the Formal, Informal, and Escape Coping Strategies identified by participants that mitigated stress. This study concludes with recommendations for volunteer EMS organizations: (a) financial assistance for Employee Assistance Programs, (b) social events that encourage communication and interaction; (c) recommended/sanctioned time off, and (d) a clear recruitment/retention plan.
The Geriatric Sex Offender: Senile or Pedophile?

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Appia vs. Cactus: comparing protocol composition frameworks

The paper presents and compares Appia and Cactus, two frameworks for protocol composition. The comparison is based on the experience gained in implementing a fault-tolerant atomic broadcast service. The paper also gives preliminary performance results, and concludes with a discussion of the most interesting features of the two frameworks, and suggestions for an improved framework.
Influence of Negative eWOM on Switching Intention

Despite discussions on strong and growing influence of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on consumer decisions, there is insufficient effort to validate negative eWOM as a key source of causal data towards mobile consumer switching behaviour. Studies have indicated strong negative eWOM leads to high degree of influence on switching behaviour (Zhang et al., 2015). However, these studies are based on consumers’ survey response on how the negative eWOM impacts their decisions with emphasis on the strength and valence of the negative eWOM. Limited studies explore the contents of negative eWOM itself and how the choice of words is reflective of consumer elements or contexts which are meaningful towards understanding the causality between negative eWOM and switching behaviour (Martins et al., 2013; Qahri et al., 2015). The content of the negative eWOM sheds light on consumer elements related to mobile consumer switching behaviour, described as issues and situations. This study identifies and validates the causality of key consumer elements highlighted in the negative eWOM in association with mobile consumer switching phenomenon.
Bulk Surfaces Coated with Triangular Silver Nanoplates: Antibacterial Action Based on Silver Release and Photo-Thermal Effect

A layer of silver nanoplates, specifically synthesized with the desired localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) features, was grafted on amino-functionalized bulk glass surfaces to impart a double antibacterial action: (i) the well-known, long-term antibacterial effect based on the release of Ag+; (ii) an “on demand” action which can be switched on by the use of photo-thermal properties of silver nano-objects. Irradiation of these samples with a laser having a wavelength falling into the so called “therapeutic window” of the near infrared region allows the reinforcement, in the timescale of minutes, of the classical antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles. We demonstrate how using the two actions allows for almost complete elimination of the population of two bacterial strains of representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Rumination and Academic Hardiness as Predicators of Suicidal Ideation among Nigerian Adolescents

Suicidal ideation is a common problem among adolescents and as such it has become an issue of concern among scholars throughout the whole world. There are many risk factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents. It is based on this fact that this study aimed at looking at rumination and academic as predictors of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria. Adolescents in the public secondary school educational sector in Lagos State, Nigeria constituted the population of this study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the study, convenient sampling technique was used to select the secondary schools used and the adolescents were accidentally sampled. Only individuals who are adolescents (11-19 years) participated in the research-they are 600 in number (comprising male and female adolescents). Copies of questionnaire were the instruments used in this study; they include Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire-Suicidality subscale (HDSQSS) developed by Metalsky and Joiner, Ruminative Responses Scale developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow and Revised Academic Hardiness Scale developed by Benishek et al. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using multiple regression analysis. The first and second hypotheses which stated that Rumination will significantly predict suicidal ideation among Nigerian adolescents (β=0.239, p<0.01) and academic hardiness will significantly predict suicidal ideation among Nigerian adolescents (β=-0.097, p<0.05), respectively were confirmed and accepted. Also the third hypothesis which stated that rumination and academic hardiness will jointly predict suicidal ideation among Nigerian adolescents [F(2,545)=18.68, p<0.01] was also confirmed and accepted. Based on the result of the research, various recommendations were given to adolescents, parents, guardians and teachers
Gross Worker Flows over the Business Cycle

We build a hybrid model of the aggregate labor market that features both standard labor supply forces and frictions in order to study the cyclical properties of gross worker flows across the three labor market states: employment, unemployment, and non-participation. Our goal is to assess the relative importance of frictions and labor supply in accounting for fluctuations in labor market outcomes. Our parsimonious model is able to capture the key features of the cyclical movements in gross worker flows and indicates an important role for both frictions and labor supply.
On the proper reading of the TBRS model: reply to Oberauer and Lewandowsky (2014)

The limitations of working memory (WM) and their determinants have been a matter of intense debate in the last years (e.g., Barrouillet and Camos, 2012; Oberauer and Lewandowsky, 2013; Ricker et al., 2014; see Barrouillet and Camos, 2015, for a review). Is forgetting from WM only due to interference, or do WM traces also suffer from temporal decay? This latter hypothesis has recently gained some credence from the verification of the main predictions of the time-based resource-sharing model (TBRS, Barrouillet et al., 2004), a theory that describes WM functioning as the interplay between the antagonistic processes of temporal decay and restoration of memory traces. However, Oberauer and Lewandowsky (2014) have lately claimed that the predictions that the authors of the TBRS model drew from their theory do not follow from its main tenets. In this rejoinder, we show that Oberauer and Lewandowsky's analysis is wrong, revealing a misunderstanding of the TBRS model.
Application of Fractal Techniques to the Comparative Evaluation of Two Methods of Extracting Channel Networks from Digital Elevation Models

The extraction of channel networks from digital elevation models was carried out using two different techniques: the "flow accumulation method" (which is based on the now almost traditional steepest descent flow routing) and the "multilevel skeletonization method" (which is based on curvatures in contours). Series of networks representing the same drainage basin were extracted with each of the methods using different extraction thresholds. Various stream ratios and fractal dimensions were determined from these networks based on three different hierarchical models. The study shows that for each extraction method, all ratios irrespective of hierarchical model exhibit similar variation with respect to extraction threshold. On the other hand, for the flow accumulation method of extraction, the different types of fractal dimensions vary in different ways with extraction threshold while in the case of the multilevel skeletonization method all the fractal dimensions decrease as extraction threshold increases. We attribute this difference in the behavior of fractal dimensions to the difference in approach between the two methods of extraction. Apparently the multilevel skeletonization method employs a more natural scheme.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE INNER NARROW-LINE REGION OF THE SEYFERT 2 GALAXY MARKARIAN 573

We have examined the physical conditions within a bright emission-line knot in the inner narrow-line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 573 using optical spectra and photoionization models. The spectra were obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, through the 0. ″2 × 52. ″0 slit, at a position angle of −71. °2, with the G430L and G750M gratings. Comparing the spatial emission-line profiles, we found [Fe x] λ 6734 barely resolved, [O iii] λ5007 centrally peaked, but broader than [Fe x], and [O ii] λ3727 the most extended. Spectra of the central knot were extracted from a region 1. ″1 in extent, corresponding to the full width at zero intensity in the cross-dispersion direction, of the knot. The spectra reveal that [Fe x] is broader in velocity width and blueshifted compared with lines from less ionized species. Our estimate of the bolometric luminosity indicates that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is radiating at or above its Eddington luminosity, which is consistent with its identification as a hidden Narrow-Line Seyfert 1. We were able to successfully match the observed emission-line ratios with a three-component photoionization model. Two components, one to account for the [O iii] emission and another in which the [Fe x] arises, are directly ionized by the AGN, while [O ii] forms in a third component, which is ionized by a heavily absorbed continuum. Based on our assumed ionizing continuum and the model parameters, we determined that the two directly ionized components are ∼55 pc from the AGN. We have found similar radial distances for the central knots in the Seyfert 2 galaxies Mrk 3 and NGC 1068, but much smaller radial distances for the inner NLR in the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 5548. Although in general agreement with the unified model, these results suggest that the obscuring material in Seyfert galaxies extends out to at least tens of parsecs from the AGN.
Impacts of child development accounts on parenting practices: evidence from a randomised statewide experiment

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) on parenting practices of mothers with young children in a statewide randomised experiment conducted in the United States. The experiment included 2704 primary caregivers of children born in Oklahoma during 2007: 1358 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 1346 to the control group. Structural equation modelling suggests that the punitive-parenting score among treatment participants was . 12 standard deviations smaller than that among control participants (p < . 05). Findings indicate that CDAs reduce punitive parenting, and may serve as an additional tool for positive parent–child interactions.
Risk Terrains of Illicit Drug Activities in Durham Region, Ontario

Abstract:Des activités liées aux drogues dans la rue posent un sérieux problème pour les communautés, et l'exploration du contexte environnemental des crimes liés aux drogues est l'un des aspects importants du problème croissant au Canada. Cette étude examine la toile de fond urbaine des activités illégales liées aux drogues dans la région de Durham, en Ontario. En utilisant les emplacements de 5 297 arrestations liées aux drogues entre 2011 et 2013, avec 6 291 caractéristiques physiques de l'environnement qui l'entoure, le cadre de travail de modélisation des risques sur le terrain a guidé les analyses, ce qui a révélé que le risque de crimes liés aux drogues varie selon le contexte et l'heure. Tout comme des études précédentes effectuées aux É tats-Unis et aux Pays-Bas, les auteurs ont trouvé que 11 des 18 corrélats étaient associés de façon significative aux crimes liés aux drogues. Contrairement au milieu environnant examiné par d'autres études, les emplacements de vente et de services d'alcool n'ont pas prédit l'occurrence de crimes liés aux drogues dans la région de Durham. De plus, les grappes de risque étaient différentes lorsque les mêmes corrélats étaient modélisés séparément pour des incidents de chaque année. Les modèles fournissent une prédiction valide d'une année à l'autre. Près de 85 % de tous les endroits où il y a eu des arrestations pour des activités illégales liées aux drogues en 2012 et en 2013 ont chevauché les endroits à haut risque de 2011 et de 2012, respectivement. La carte des risques résultante indique aux intervenants et aux décideurs là où ils devraient concentrer leurs ressources dans la région. Abstract:Street-level drug activities pose a serious problem for communities, and exploring the environmental context of drug crimes is one important aspect of the increasing problem in Canada. This study examined the urban backcloth of illicit drug activities in the Durham Region, Ontario. Drawing on the locations of 5,297 drug arrests between 2011and 2013, along with 6,291 surrounding physical features in the environment, the risk terrain modelling framework guided the analyses, which revealed that the risk of drug crimes varies by context and time. Similar to previous research in the United States and the Netherlands, the authors found that 11 out of 18 correlates were significantly associated with drug crimes. Unlike other study settings, the locations of alcohol sales and service did not predict the occurrence of drug crimes in the Durham Region. In addition, the risk clusters differed when the same correlates were modelled for incidents of each year separately. The models provided a valid prediction from one year to the next. Nearly 85% of all places with illicit drugs arrests in 2012 and 2013 overlapped with high-risk places of 2011 and 2012, respectively. The resulting risk map informs practitioners and policy makers on where to focus resources in the region.
Problem-based learning: Creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcome of seventh grade students

Creative thinking skills and problem-solving skills were among the competencies that must be possessed by students in the 21st-century, which need to be developed through the learning process, and are still teacher challenge to date. This study aims to improve creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcomes of seventh-grade students by problem-based learning (PBL). This class action research was conducted at State Junior High School 18 of Malang. The subjects was students’ class VIIE. The study was conducted two cycles (repeated seven times). Each cycle referring to Spiral Model by Kemmis, McTaggart, and Nixon. The problem-solving skills data were obtained from student worksheet assessment, the creative thinking skills data were obtained from performance grading rubric and learning outcomes data were obtained from end-of-cycle essay test. The results shows that PBL improves (1) the average of problem solving skills of 27% with the completion rate of 47%,(2) the average of creative thinking skills of 11% with the completion rate of 17.5%, and (3) the average learning outcomes of 13% with the completion rate of 15%. It can concluded that teachers can implement PBL to improve students’ creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcomes.
Importance of incorporating standardized, verifiable, objective metrics of organ procurement organization performance into discussions about organ allocation

Identifying and supporting specific organ procurement organizations (OPOs) with the greatest opportunity to increase donation rates could significantly increase the number of organs available for transplant. Accomplishing this is complicated by current Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients/Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services metrics of donation rates and OPO performance that rely on eligible deaths. These data are self‐reported and unverifiable and have been shown to underestimate potential organ donors. We examine the limitations of current OPO performance/donation metrics to inform discussions related to strategies to increase donation. We propose changing to a simple, verifiable, and uniformly applied donation metric. This would allow the transplant community to (1) better understand inherent differences in donor availability based on geography and (2) identify underperforming areas that would benefit from systems improvement agreements to increase donation rates.
Very preterm goal setting deficits and associated neural substrates at 13 years of age

This thesis highlights significant goal setting difficulties (i.e., planning, organisation, strategic reasoning) experienced by very preterm children during late childhood, which are likely to have academic, social and vocational functional consequences. Goal setting deficits were found to be associated with early risk factors, including neonatal brain abnormalities and brain volumes, highlighting the potential utility of neonatal MRI for identifying very preterm children at risk for later executive dysfunction. This thesis also investigated functional connectivity networks underlying prematurity as a brain network disorder, contributing to the previously limited understanding of how neural connectivity underlies very preterm goal setting deficits during late childhood.
[Long-term results with the off-label use of paclitaxel-eluting stents].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Little information is available about the results obtained with the off-label use of drug-eluting stents. Our aim was to investigate clinical findings on long-term follow-up. METHODS The study included 604 consecutive patients who received > or = 1 paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) at our catherization laboratory between June 2003 and February 2005. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether stent use was on-label or off-label as defined by current practice. The primary study endpoints were the combination of death and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the combination of death, AMI and target-vessel revascularization (TVR). Secondary endpoints were these events individually and late stent thrombosis (ST). RESULTS During the median follow-up period of 34.3 months (interquartile range 8.6 months), PESs had been used off-label in the majority of patients (i.e., 464, 76.8% of the sample) and their use was associated with an increased risk of death or AMI (hazard ratio [HR]=2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-4) and of death, AMI or TVR (HR=1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3). There was no significant difference in individual events (i.e., death, AMI or TVR). The group who used stents off-label had poorer clinical characteristics (i.e., older age, and higher likelihoods of previous AMI or previous revascularization and multivessel disease), as well as a higher incidence of ST (5% vs. 0; log-rank test, P=.015). CONCLUSIONS The off-label use of PESs was associated with an increased risk of a combined clinical endpoint during long-term follow-up. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of these devices in these settings.