Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-Specific Grasp Movement Representation in the Macaque Anterior Intraparietal Area

To perform grasping movements, the hand is shaped according to the form of the target object and the intended manipulation, which in turn depends on the context of the action. The anterior intraparietal cortex (AIP) is strongly involved in the sensorimotor transformation of grasping movements, but the extent to which it encodes context-specific information for hand grasping is unclear. To explore this issue, we recorded 571 single-units in AIP of two macaques during a delayed grasping task, in which animals were instructed by an external context cue (LED) to perform power or precision grips on a handle that was presented in various orientations. While 55% of the recorded neurons encoded the object orientation from the cue epoch on, the number of cells encoding the grip type increased from 25% during the cue epoch to 58% during movement execution. Furthermore, a classification of cells according to the time of their tuning onset revealed differences in the function and anatomical location of early- versus late-tuned cells. In a cue separation task, when the object was presented first, neurons representing power or precision grips were activated simultaneously until the actual grip type was instructed. In contrast, when the grasp type instruction was presented before the object, type information was only weakly represented in AIP, but was strongly encoded after the grasp target was revealed. We conclude that AIP encodes context specific hand grasping movements to perceived objects, but in the absence of a grasp target, the encoding of context information is weak.
Full control of a quadrotor

The research on autonomous miniature flying robots has intensified considerably thanks to the recent growth of civil and military interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). This paper summarizes the final results of the modeling and control parts of OS4 project, which focused on design and control of a quadrotor. It introduces a simulation model which takes into account the variation of the aerodynamical coefficients due to vehicle motion. The control parameters found with this model are successfully used on the helicopter without re-tuning. The last part of this paper describes the control approach (integral backstepping) and the scheme we propose for full control of quadrotors (attitude, altitude and position). Finally, the results of autonomous take-off, hover, landing and collision avoidance are presented.
Cemented Thompson versus Cemented Bipolar Prostheses for Femoral Neck Fractures

Purpose. To compare early functional outcomes, complications, and mortality in elderly patients treated with the less costly, cemented Thompson prosthesis or the cemented bipolar prosthesis in order to identify factors affecting outcomes. Methods. Records of 303 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with the cemented Thompson monoblock prosthesis (n=206) or the cemented bipolar prosthesis (n=97) were reviewed. The choice of prosthesis was solely determined by surgeon's preference. Data relating to patient demographics, clinical and residential status, mobility, mental function, mortality, and complications during hospitalisation and rehabilitation were collected. Results. After adjusting for confounding variables, independent postoperative indoor mobility was associated with preoperative indoor mobility (p=0.002) and mental function (p=0.001), whereas postoperative outdoor mobility was associated with preoperative outdoor mobility (p=0.003), daily living activity (p=0.02), and mental function (p=0.02). Mortality within 6 months was only associated with poor mental function (p=0.009). At 6-month follow-up, there was no significant difference between the 2 types of prosthesis in terms of functional outcomes, mortality and complication rates. Conclusion. In elderly patients with limited mobility, treatment with the bipolar prosthesis was not associated with better short-term outcomes than those receiving the Thompson prosthesis.
The Effects of Ethical Climate and Ethical Leadership on Employee Attitudes: Bosnian Case

This paper explores the effects of ethical climate and ethical leadership behaviour on employees' job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Using a sample of 213 employees from the private universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), the support was found for hypothesized model. This study demonstrates that ethical climate and education level of employees were positively related to their job satisfaction, ethical climate and ethical leadership were positively related to organizational commitment, but educational level of employees was negatively related to their commitment to organization and job satisfaction and organizational commitment were positively related to organizational citizenship behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed in BIH context.
Personality traits as predictors of anxiety in preschool aged children

Research has increasingly been conducted involving personality in preschool aged populations.With regard to psychopathology, anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent within thispopulation. Previous research has examined the relationship between personality and anxiety butnot within preschool populations. Moreover, personality factors and anxiety are expressed andassessed differently in preschool populations compared to adults or even older children. To ourknowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between personality factors andanxiety in preschoolers. Within the present study, preschool teachers completed the M5-PS-35,The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL), and the Preschool Anxiety Scale Revised(PASR; adapted teacher form) on each of the preschool aged participants. Results showed thatpersonality traits were significantly correlated with anxiety in preschoolers. Specifically, thepersonality trait neuroticism was positively correlated with overall increased anxiety inpreschoolers using both measures of anxiety. Additionally, both extraversion and openness toexperience were significantly negatively correlated with anxiety using both measures of anxiety.Next, CBCL Anxiety Problems scale and the PASR (adapted teacher form) total anxiety scorewere positively correlated. Lastly, the predictors extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness,neuroticism, openness to experience, and total anxiety using the PASR (adapted teacher form)accounted for significant variability in each of the Syndrome Scales examined. Also, results suggested that the five factors are predictors of anxiety, using both measures of anxiety. Overall,these findings suggest that the personality factors are predictors of anxiety, as well as predictorsof other social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties in preschool aged children.
Modulation of the Camassa-Holm equation and reciprocal transformations

Nous construisons les equations modulees (equations de Whitham) pour l'equation de Camassa-Holm (CH). Nous demontrons que ces equations modulees sont hyperboliques et bi-hamiltoniennes. En particulier, il existe une transformation reciproque telle qu'aux equations modulees du premier flot negatif de l'equation de Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) correspondent aux equations modulees de CH. Cette transformation reciproque est engendree par le Casimir du deuxieme crochet de Poisson associe au flot moyenne de KdV. Nous demontrons que la geometrie des structures bi-hamiltoniennes des equations modulees de KdV et CH sont tres differentes : en effet, la structure de Poisson moyennee de KdV est liee a une variete semi-simple de Frobenius et non celle de CH.
Style tożsamości a rozwój rozumowania moralnego jednostki

Styles of identity and development of moral reasoning The researchers of moral development more and more frequently pay attention to the fact that for a better understanding of processes of moral development it is necessary to consider this development in the context of personality development, especially in the context of identity development. Erikson emphasized the union between identity and morality. According to his idea, the fifth phase of psychosocial development is closely linked with the identity crisis. During this phase an individual human being adopts a specific ideology and an ethical code. The empirical research pointed the connection existing between achievement of identity, while identity statuses were defined on the basis of Marcia’s theory, and moral reasoning focused on justice (Rowe, Marcia, 1980). Berzonsky (1989, 2001), who suggests alternative idea of identity development, differentiates 3 types of identity: informational, normative and diffuse/avoidant. As he claims, the style of identity represents a particular strategy of problem solving and defines the approach of an individual towards decision making, particularly decisions important to his or her personal identity and the life path. The article presents the results of research which aim is to investigate the relationship between Berzonsky’s styles of identity and the level of socio-moral development.
Recent changes to a measure of U.S. household debt service

Changes in levels of aggregate household debt in the United States may contain information about the current state of the nation's economy and may affect its future direction. A commonly used measure of household indebtedness is the household debt service ratio (formerly known as the household debt service burden), published since 1980 by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Recent changes in financial markets have prompted a comprehensive revision of this statistic. This article describes the revision and introduces a new measure, the financial obligations ratio, which adds recurring obligations -- rent, auto leases, homeowners' insurance, and property taxes -- to the traditional calculation of the debt service ratio. In total, these revisions change the level of the debt service ratio but do not substantively alter its trajectory over time. The article also presents separate estimates of the financial obligations ratio for homeowners and renters. The ratio for homeowners, which may summarize the effects of the recent refinancing boom on the financial obligations of homeowners, has risen gradually over the past decade; the ratio for renters has risen more steeply. The flat contour of the homeowner ratio in recent quarters suggests that homeowners may have rebalanced their portfolios toward lower-cost mortgage debt during the recent period of economic weakness.
Chinese tertiary teachers’ goal orientations for teaching and teaching approaches: the mediation of teacher engagement

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of Chinese tertiary teachers’ goal orientations for teaching on their approaches to teaching mediated by teacher engagement. In a survey of 597 Chinese tertiary teachers, the respondents placed particular emphasis on relational and mastery goals and expressed a preference for student-focused approaches to teaching. An emphasis on mastery goals was found to predict a preference for student-focused teaching, whereas ability-approach and work-avoidance goal orientations predicted a preference for teacher-focused teaching. Ability-avoidance and relational goals were found to be positively related not only to teacher-focused approaches but to student-focused approaches to teaching as well. In addition, teacher engagement was found to significantly mediate the effects of ability-approach, mastery and work-avoidance goals on teacher-focused intention, student-focused intention and student-focused strategy. These results have significant implications for Chinese higher-education institutions in light of their transition from teacher-focused to student-focused approaches to teaching.
Chromosome spatial clustering inferred from radiogenic aberrations

Purpose: Analysing chromosome aberrations induced by low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation in order to characterize systematic spatial clustering among the 22 human autosomes in human lymphocytes and to compare their relative participation in interchanges. Materials and methods: A multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) data set, specifying colour junctions in metaphases of human peripheral blood lymphocytes 72 h after in vitro exposure to low LET radiation, was analysed separately and in combination with previously published results. Monte Carlo computer simulations and mathematical modelling guided data analysis. Results and conclusions: Statistical tests on aberration data confirmed two clusters of chromosomes, {1, 16, 17, 19, 22} and {13, 14, 15, 21, 22}, as having their members being on average closer to each other than randomness would predict. The first set has been reported previously to be near the centre of the interphase nucleus and to be formed mainly by gene‐rich chromosomes, while the second set comprises the nucleolus chromosomes. The results suggest a possible interplay between chromosome positioning and transcription. A number of other clusters suggested in the literature were not confirmed and considerable randomness of chromosome–chromosome juxtapositions was present. In addition, and consistent with previous results, it was found that chromosome participation in interchanges is approximately proportional to the two‐thirds power of the DNA content.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DENSE CORES IN THE ρ OPHIUCHI MAIN CLOUD AND A SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF EXTERNAL PRESSURES IN CLUSTERED STAR FORMATION

Using the archive data of the H13CO+ (J = 1–0) line emission taken with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope with a spatial resolution of ∼ 0.01 pc, we have identified 68 dense cores in the central dense region of the ρ Ophiuchi main cloud. The H13CO+ data also indicate that the fractional abundance of H13CO+ relative to H2 is roughly inversely proportional to the square root of the H2 column density with a mean of 1.72 × 10−11. The mean radius, FWHM line width, and LTE mass of the identified cores are estimated to be 0.045 ± 0.011 pc, 0.49 ± 0.14 km s−1, and 3.4 ± 3.6 M☉, respectively. The majority of the identified cores have subsonic internal motions. The virial ratio, the ratio of the virial mass to the LTE mass, tends to decrease with increasing LTE mass and about 60% of the cores have virial ratios smaller than 2, indicating that these cores are not transient structures but self-gravitating. The detailed virial analysis suggests that the surface pressure often dominates over the self-gravity and thus plays a crucial role in regulating core formation and evolution. By comparing the ρ Oph cores with those in the Orion A molecular cloud observed with the same telescope, we found that the statistical properties of the core physical quantities are similar between the two clouds if the effect of the different spatial resolutions is corrected. The line widths of the ρ Oph cores appear to be nearly independent of the core radii over the range of 0.01–0.1 pc and deviate upward from the Heyer & Brunt relation. This may be evidence that turbulent motions are driven by protostellar outflows in the cluster environment.
Determining appropriate parameters to elicit linear and circular apparent motion using vibrotactile cues

This paper reports on two experiments we conducted to look at how to design effective linear and circular apparent-motion displays. Using a two-tactor array on the upper arm, the first study found that a time interval of greater than 400ms before repeating the directional sequence is required for subjects to achieve 95 % proficiency of direction identification over a range of Duration of Stimulus (DOS) and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) values. The second study looked at the number of tactors necessary in a circular tactor array on the upper arm for people to correctly identify the direction of the rotation. We found that subjects could achieve a proficiency approaching 100 % across a large range of DOS and SOA values with four tactors, using a circuit-completion time of 400ms or longer. These findings can be used by interface designers to realize information displays that either stand on their own, or work in combination with visual and/or audio displays.
Network locality at the scale of processes

Packets on a LAN can be viewed as a series of references to and from the objects they address. The amount of locality in this reference stream may be critical to the efficiency of network implementations, if the locality can be exploited through caching or scheduling mechanisms. Most previous studies have treated network locality with an addressing granularity of networks or individual hosts. This paper describes some experiments tracing locality at a finer grain, looking at references to individual processes, and with fine-grained time resolution. Observations of typical LANs show high per-process locality; that is, packets to a host usually arrive for the process that most recently sent a packet, and often with little intervening delay.
Bmc Medical Research Methodology Open Access Do Intrauterine or Genetic Influences Explain the Foetal Origins of Chronic Disease? a Novel Experimental Method for Disentangling Effects

Background: There is much evidence to suggest that risk for common clinical disorders begins in foetal life. Exposure to environmental risk factors however is often not random. Many commonly used indices of prenatal adversity (e.g. maternal gestational stress, gestational diabetes, smoking in pregnancy) are influenced by maternal genes and genetically influenced maternal behaviour. As mother provides the baby with both genes and prenatal environment, associations between prenatal risk factors and offspring disease maybe attributable to true prenatal risk effects or to the "confounding" effects of genetic liability that are shared by mother and offspring. Cross-fostering designs, including those that involve embryo transfer have proved useful in animal studies. However disentangling these effects in humans poses significant problems for traditional genetic epidemiological research designs.
Robust image annotation via simultaneous feature and sample outlier pursuit

Graph-based semi-supervised image annotation has achieved great success in a variety of studies, yet it essentially and intuitively suffers from both the irrelevant/noisy features (referred to as feature outliers) and the unusual/corrupted samples (referred to as sample outliers). In this work, we investigate how to derive robust sample affinity matrix via simultaneous feature and sample outlier pursuit. This task is formulated as a Dual-outlier and Prior-driven Low-Rank Representation (DP-LRR) problem, which possesses convexity in objective function. In DP-LRR, the clean data are assumed to be self-reconstructible with low-rank coefficient matrix as in LRR; while the error matrix is decomposed as the sum of a row-wise sparse matrix and a column-wise sparse matrix, the ℓ2,1-norm minimization of which encourages the pursuit of feature and sample outliers respectively. The DP-LRR is further regularized by the priors from side information, that is, the inhomogeneous data pairs. An efficient iterative procedure based on linearized alternating direction method is presented to solve the DP-LRR problem, with closed-form solutions within each iteration. The derived low-rank reconstruction coefficient matrix is then fed into any graph based semi-supervised label propagation algorithm for image annotation, and as a by-product, the cleaned data from DP-LRR can also be utilized as a better image representation to generally boost image annotation performance. Extensive experiments on MIRFlickr, Corel30K, NUS-WIDE-LITE and NUS-WIDE databases well demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation for robust image annotation.
Radio-loud Narrow-Line Type 1 Quasars

We present the first systematic study of (non-radio-selected) radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies. Cross-correlation of the Catalogue of Quasars and Active Nuclei with several radio and optical catalogs led to the identification of ∼11 radio-loud NLS1 candidates, including four previously known ones. This study almost triples the number of known radio-loud NLS1 galaxies if all candidates are confirmed. Most of the radio-loud NLS1 galaxies are compact, steep-spectrum sources accreting close to or above the Eddington limit. The radio-loud NLS1 galaxies of our sample are remarkable in that they occupy a previously rarely populated regime in NLS1 multiwavelength parameter space. While their [O III]/Hβ and Fe II/Hβ intensity ratios almost cover the whole range observed in NLS1 galaxies, their radio properties extend the range of radio-loud objects to those with small widths of the broad Balmer lines. Their black hole masses are generally at the upper observed end among NLS1 galaxies but are still unusually small in view of the radio loudness of the sources. Among the radio-detected NLS1 galaxies, the radio index R is distributed quite smoothly up to the critical value of R ≃ 10 and covers about 4 orders of magnitude in total. Statistics show that ∼7% of the NLS1 galaxies are formally radio-loud, while only 2.5% exceed a radio index R > 100. Implications for NLS1 models are discussed. Several mechanisms are considered as explanations for the radio loudness of the NLS1 galaxies and for the lower frequency of radio-loud galaxies among NLS1 galaxies than among quasars. While properties of most sources (with two to three exceptions) generally do not favor relativistic beaming, the combination of accretion mode and spin may explain the observations.
Experimental Analysis of the Health and Well-being Effects of a Non-contributory Social Security Program

Non-contributory social security programs have been implemented in at least 15 countries around the world. These are cash transfer programs aimed at poverty alleviation among the elderly population. Previous studies have found that these programs reduce poverty and inequality, while the health effects are less clear. Our study designs and evaluates a new non-contributory social security program in the State of Yucatan, Mexico. This program is for individuals 70 years or over. Eligible individuals are assigned to treatment and control groups and a large array of background variables and outcome measures are collected at baseline and during the course of the experiment for individuals in both the treatment and control groups. In the current paper we provide evidence of the impact of the program based on information collected six months after the implementation of the program in two cities in Yucatan selected for the first phase of the program that has a quasiexperimental design. Even after this short period we find significant treatment effects on labor supply, food availability, medical consumption, and memory. Eligible individuals spend their pension on food, visits to the doctor, and medicines, while sharply reducing labor supply. We also find a decline in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. JEL classification: J14, J26, I38