Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different abilities of the four FGFRs to mediate FGF-1 translocation are linked to differences in the receptor C-terminal tail

Members of the fibroblast growth factor family bind to one or more of the four closely related membrane-spanning FGF receptors. In addition to signaling through the receptors, exogenous FGF-1 and FGF-2 are endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol and nucleus where they stimulate RNA and DNA synthesis. Here we have studied the ability of the four FGF receptors to facilitate translocation of exogenous FGF-1 to the cytosol and nucleus. FGFR1 and FGFR4 were able to mediate translocation, whereas FGFR2 and FGFR3 completely lacked this ability. By analyzing mutant FGFRs we found that the tyrosine kinase domain could be deleted from FGFR1 without abolishing translocation, whereas the C-terminal tail of the FGFRs, constituted by approximately 50 amino acids downstream of the kinase domain, plays a crucial role in FGF-1 translocation. Three amino acids residues within the C-terminal tail were found to be of particular importance for translocation. For FGFR2, the two amino acid substitutions Q774M and P800H were sufficient to enable the receptor to support FGF-1 translocation. The results demonstrate a striking diversity in function of the four FGFRs determined by their C-terminal domain.
A refinement approach to handling model misfit in text categorization

Text categorization or classification is the automated assigning of text documents to pre-defined classes based on their contents. This problem has been studied in information retrieval, machine learning and data mining. So far, many effective techniques have been proposed. However, most techniques are based on some underlying models and/or assumptions. When the data fits the model well, the classification accuracy will be high. However, when the data does not fit the model well, the classification accuracy can be very low. In this paper, we propose a refinement approach to dealing with this problem of model misfit. We show that we do not need to change the classification technique itself (or its underlying model) to make it more flexible. Instead, we propose to use successive refinements of classification on the training data to correct the model misfit. We apply the proposed technique to improve the classification performance of two simple and efficient text classifiers, the Rocchio classifier and the naïve Bayesian classifier. These techniques are suitable for very large text collections because they allow the data to reside on disk and need only one scan of the data to build a text classifier. Extensive experiments on two benchmark document corpora show that the proposed technique is able to improve text categorization accuracy of the two techniques dramatically. In particular, our refined model is able to improve the naïve Bayesian or Rocchio classifier's prediction performance by 45% on average.
The Effects of Facebook Relational Maintenance on Friendship Quality: An Investigation of the Facebook Relational Maintenance Measure

The present manuscript assessed the three-factor (social contact, response seeking, and relational assurances) Facebook Relational Maintenance Measure (FRMM) in relation to four relationship quality indicators—satisfaction, liking, closeness, and commitment—across two sets of data. The social contact factor was positively related to satisfaction, commitment, liking, and closeness in study 1 and satisfaction and commitment in study 2. The response-seeking factor was negatively correlated with satisfaction and liking in study 1 and satisfaction and commitment in study 2. Finally, the relational assurances factor was positively correlated with satisfaction, commitment, and closeness in study 1 but did not emerge as a significant predictor in study 2.
On Zero Divisor Graphs

We survey the research conducted on zero divisor graphs, with a focus on zero divisor graphs determined by equivalence classes of zero divisors of a commutative ring R. In particular, we consider the problem of classifying star graphs with any finite number of vertices. We study the pathology of a zero divisor graph in terms of cliques, we investigate when the clique and chromatic numbers are equal, and we show that the girth of a Noetherian ring, if finite, is 3. We also introduce a graph for modules that is useful for studying zero divisor graphs of trivial extensions.
Locate the Hate: Detecting Tweets against Blacks

Although the social medium Twitter grants users freedom of speech, its instantaneous nature and retweeting features also amplify hate speech. Because Twitter has a sizeable black constituency, racist tweets against blacks are especially detrimental in the Twitter community, though this effect may not be obvious against a backdrop of half a billion tweets a day.1 We apply a supervised machine learning approach, employing inexpensively acquired labeled data from diverse Twitter accounts to learn a binary classifier for the labels “racist” and “nonracist. ” The classifier has a 76% average accuracy on individual tweets, suggesting that with further improvements, our work can contribute data on the sources of anti-black hate speech.
Stability of quaternionic linear systems

The main goal of this paper is to characterize stability and bounded-input-bounded-output (BIBO)-stability of quaternionic dynamical systems. After defining the quaternion skew-field, algebraic properties of quaternionic polynomials such as divisibility and coprimeness are investigated. Having established these results, the Smith and the Smith-McMillan forms of quaternionic matrices are introduced and studied. Finally, all the tools that were developed are used to analyze stability of quaternionic linear systems in a behavioral framework.
ROS-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Antitumor Activity of Pleurotus abalonus Acidic Polysaccharides in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

Background A greater reduction in cancer risk associated with mushroom diet rich in fungus polysaccharides is generally accepted. Meanwhile, edible Pleurotus abalonus as a member of Abalone mushroom family is a popular nutritional supplement that purportedly prevents cancer occurrence. However, these anecdotal claims are supported by limited studies describing tumor-inhibitory responses to the promising polysaccharides, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties have not yet been elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings We here fractionated the crude polysaccharide preparation from the fruiting bodies of P. abalonus into three fractions, namely PAP-1, PAP-2 and PAP-3, and tested these fractions for antiproliferative activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The largest PAP-3, an acidic polysaccharide fraction with a molecular mass of 3.68×105 Da, was the most active in inhibiting MCF-7 cancer cells with an IC50 of 193 µg/mL. The changes in cell normal morphology were observed by DAPI staining and the PAP-3-induced apoptosis was confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The apoptosis was involved in mitochondria-mediated pathway including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-9/3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation, as well as intracellular ROS production. PAP-3 also induced up-regulation of p53, and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. The incubation of MCF-7 cells with antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the ROS generation and apoptosis caused by PAP-3, indicating that intracellular ROS plays a pivotal role in cell death. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the polysaccharides, especially acidic PAP-3, are very important nutritional ingredients responsible for, at least in part, the anticancer health benefits of P. abalonus via ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. It is a major breakthrough bringing new insight of the potential use of the polysaccharides as health-care food or medicine to provide significant natural defense against human cancer.
Development and Evaluation of a Convection Scheme for Use in Climate Models

Abstract Cumulus convection is a key process in controlling the water vapor content of the atmosphere, which is in turn the largest feedback mechanism for climate change in global climate models. Yet scant attention has been paid to designing convective representations that attempt to handle water vapor with fidelity, and even less to evaluating their performance. Here the authors attempt to address this deficiency by designing a representation of cumulus convection with close attention paid to convective water fluxes and by subjecting the scheme to rigorous tests using sounding array data. The authors maintain that such tests, in which a single-column model is forced by large-scale processes measured by or inferred from the sounding data, must be carried out over a period at least as long as the radiative-subsidence timescale—about 30 days—governing the water vapor adjustment time. The authors also argue that the observed forcing must be preconditioned to guarantee integral enthalpy conservation, else er.
Fault-Tolerant Control for Safety of Discrete-Event Systems

This paper considers fault-tolerant control that ensures the safety of a discrete-event system. We consider multiple faulty modes. Each faulty mode is modeled by an automaton. These automata, together with the automaton modeling normal mode, describe a discrete-event system with faults. Each faulty mode has some illegal states that must be avoided by control so that the fault can be tolerated. We assume that fault-tolerant control takes actions (disablements) only when the occurrence of a fault is certain. We consider cases of both full event observation and partial event observation. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of fault-tolerant control. We also provide formulas and algorithms to calculate control actions if the necessary and sufficient conditions are satisfied. Both offline control synthesis (for full event observation) and online control synthesis (for partial event observation) are investigated. We allow multiple faults as well as single faults.
Training and Testing Low-degree Polynomial Data Mappings via Linear SVM

Kernel techniques have long been used in SVM to handle linearly inseparable problems by transforming data to a high dimensional space, but training and testing large data sets is often time consuming. In contrast, we can efficiently train and test much larger data sets using linear SVM without kernels. In this work, we apply fast linear-SVM methods to the explicit form of polynomially mapped data and investigate implementation issues. The approach enjoys fast training and testing, but may sometimes achieve accuracy close to that of using highly nonlinear kernels. Empirical experiments show that the proposed method is useful for certain large-scale data sets. We successfully apply the proposed method to a natural language processing (NLP) application by improving the testing accuracy under some training/testing speed requirements.
Detection of Nonlinear Coupling and its Application to Cardiorespiratory Interaction

We present here a modification of the Lagrangian measures technique, which allows a reliable detection of interdependency among simultaneous measurements of different variables. This method is applied to a simulated multivariate time series and to a bivariate cardiorespiratory signal. By using this methodology, it is possible to reveal a nonlinear interaction among cardiac and respiration rhythms in pathological conditions
Treating children with early-onset conduct problems and callous–unemotional traits: an empirical evaluation of KooLKIDS

ABSTRACT Children with early-onset conduct problems (EOCP) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits are highly resistant to treatment and cost society significantly more than their healthy counterparts. Employing a multiple baseline design, 13 males (9.0–10.2 years of age) with a history of school suspensions were sequentially introduced to KooLKIDS, a school-based interactive multimedia intervention for young children with EOCP and CU. Teacher and child self-report data revealed significant reductions for the group in proactive and reactive aggression, and antisocial traits. Significant changes in the desired direction were also found on measures of emotion regulation. When the data were analyzed for each individual child, however, the magnitude of any effects for behaviour change varied greatly. KooLKIDS offers potential for treating children with EOCP and CU and hence preventing progression towards more serious antisocial behaviour.
The Experiences of Young Complainant Witnesses in Criminal Court Trials for Sexual Offences

For effective provision of justice it is important that young witnesses are involved in criminal trials, yet participation may be detrimental to their well-being and presents challenges for gaining full and accurate evidence from them. Innovations in court processes intended to support the well-being of young witnesses should, amongst other considerations, be informed by the perspectives and experiences of those whom they are intended to assist. The participants in the current study consisted of young complainant witnesses who were involved in criminal court trials for sexual offences, along with their parents or caregivers. Semi-structured interviews with individual participants were conducted. Audio recordings of interviews were then transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Nine themes were identified in the data: (1) pre-trial delay makes everything worse, (2) uncertainty is difficult and being prepared is important, (3) cross-examination is stressful, (4) having a voice is a positive aspect of the trial, (5) the possibility of seeing the defendant is stressful, (6) for parents, putting on a brave face and being a supporter is challenging, (7) young witnesses feel exposed by the court process and family members feel exposed to details of the offending, (8) support is critical, and (9) families place importance on the verdict and sentencing. The findings are considered within the New Zealand context as well as other jurisdictions, and recommendations are made.
Using Asset Prices to Measure the Persistence of the Marginal Utility of Wealth

We derive a lower bound for the volatility of the permanent component of investors' marginal utility of wealth or, more generally, asset pricing kernels. The bound is based on return properties of long-term zero-coupon bonds, risk-free bonds, and other risky securities. We find the permanent component of the pricing kernel to be very volatile; its volatility is about at least as large as the volatility of the stochastic discount factor. A related measure for the transitory component suggest it to be considerably less important. We also show that, for many cases where the pricing kernel is a function of consumption, innovations to consumption need to have permanent effects.
Asymptotic Inference for Performance Fees and the Predictability of Asset Returns

In this article, we provide analytical, simulation, and empirical evidence on a test of equal economic value from competing predictive models of asset returns. We define economic value using the concept of a performance fee—the amount an investor would be willing to pay to have access to an alternative predictive model used to make investment decisions. We establish that this fee can be asymptotically normal under modest assumptions. Monte Carlo evidence shows that our test can be accurately sized in reasonably large samples. We apply the proposed test to predictions of the U.S. equity premium.
Chapter 16 A well grounded education : The role of perception in science and mathematics

One of the most important applications of grounded cognition theories is to science and mathematics education, where the primary goal is to foster knowledge and skills that are widely transportable to new situations. This presents a challenge to those grounded cognition theories that tightly tie knowledge to the specifics of a single situation. In this chapter, we develop a theory learning that is grounded in perception and interaction, yet also supports transferable knowledge. A first series of studies explores the transfer of complex systems principles across two superficially dissimilar scenarios. The results indicate that students most effectively show transfer by applying previously learned perceptual and interpretational processes to new situations. A second series shows that even when students are solving formal algebra problems, they are greatly influenced by nonsymbolic, perceptual grouping factors. We interpret both results as showing that high-level cognition that might seem to involve purely symbolic reasoning is actually driven by perceptual processes. The educational implication is that instruction in science and mathematics should involve not only teaching abstract rules and equations but also training students to perceive and interact with their world. Scientific progress has been progressing at a dizzying pace. In contrast, natural human biology changes rather sluggishly and we are using the essentially the same kinds of brains to understand advanced modern science that have been used for millennia. Further exacerbating this tension between the different rates of scientific and neuroevolutionary progress is that our techniques for teaching mathematics and science are not keeping up with the pace of science (Bialek and Botstein 2004). Politicians, media, and pundits have all expressed frustration with the poor state of mathematics and science education in the United States and worldwide. There will not be any easy or singular solution to the problem of how to improve mathematics and science education. However, we believe that the consequences of improved science and mathematics education are sufficiently important1 that it behooves
How Social Identity May Matter Most in Brand Crisis Management

Social media allows customers to easily create their own community. Using social identity theory, we are able to explain important characteristics of these communities. These characteristics can be both beneficial and harmful to a company, depends on a situation. We are particularly interested in a crisis situation when company's decisions are critical to its reputation and even its survival. Our case study is the project of the Japanese company that planned to organize the concert of the music band with an aim to promote its brand and increase its customers. We had been cooperating with this company to promote the concert to fan community in Twitter. As we deploy our communication strategies to the community, we encountered several problems. These problems are discussed based on social identity theory and are concluded as practices that are open for future development and investigation. We propose that an effect of perceived in-group and out-group membership generate a resistance from community members when the company, which is identified as an out-group, tries to promote the concert in the community. The company may reduce this resistance by creating a bridge between itself and the community. This bridge can be done by cooperating with some community members. We also found that many of community members create another account, separated from their personal account, only for communication with other fans. This fact helps the company reduces its budget and human resource required to monitor the community, and enable the company to define more effective strategies. Finally, using all practices that are presented, the company can finally achieve its goals. From our case study, we suggest several points for future systematic studies.
An auditory temporal processing deficit in children with dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is characterised by serious reading and spelling problems that are persistent and resistant to the usual didactic measures and remedial efforts (GersonsWolfensberger & Ruijssenaars, 1997). However, a lot of research has shown that problems of individuals with dyslexia extend beyond the domain of written language and affect their performance on tasks that require phonological processing (see Snowling, 2000 for a review). It is therefore widely acknowledged that in cognitive terms, individuals with dyslexia have a phonological deficit, which is causal to their reading and spelling difficulties. Investigation into the underlying neurological dysfunction of dyslexia suggests these phonological problems result from a more fundamental deficit in the basic perceptual mechanisms responsible for auditory temporal processing. This hypothesis was put forward by Tallal (1980), who found that children with dyslexia, in comparison to normal readers, were impaired in discriminating and sequencing acoustic stimuli that are brief and occur in rapid succession. This impairment was supposed to apply to both non-linguistic and linguistic auditory stimuli and have particular impact on the perception of syllables containing stop
The Impact of a Landmark Neuroscience Study on Free Will: A Qualitative Analysis of Articles Using Libet and Colleagues' Methods

Gathering evidence across disciplines is a strength of interdisciplinary fields like neuroethics. However, conclusions can only be made if the evidence applies to the issue at hand. Libet and colleagues' 1983 experiment is an interesting case study in this problem. Despite ongoing critiques about the methods used and the replicability of its findings, many people consider Libet and colleagues' methodology a valid strategy to investigate free will and related topics. We reviewed studies using methods similar to those of Libet and colleagues (N = 48) to identify its use and the evidence produced. Overall, we found substantial variation between studies. While the Libet paradigm may be useful for examining how stimuli affect temporal judgments, the link between this and free will or moral responsibility is not clear. Being aware and critical of the methods used to gather results is important when applying scientific experiments to complex, abstract phenomena.
Predicting the Rise and Fall of Scientific Topics from Trends in their Rhetorical Framing

Computationally modeling the evolution of science by tracking how scientiﬁc topics rise and fall over time has important implications for research funding and public policy. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying topic growth and decline. We investigate the role of rhetorical framing: whether the rhetorical role or function that authors ascribe to topics (as methods, as goals, as results, etc.) relates to the historical trajectory of the topics. We train topic models and a rhetorical function classiﬁer to map topic models onto their rhetorical roles in 2.4 million abstracts from the Web of Science from 1991-2010. We ﬁnd that a topic’s rhetorical function is highly predictive of its eventual growth or decline. For example, topics that are rhetorically described as results tend to be in decline, while topics that function as methods tend to be in early phases of growth.