Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of SOI micromechanical devices

This work reports on studies and the fabrication process development of micromechanical silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices. SOI is a promising starting material for fabrication of single crystal silicon micromechanical devices and basis for monolithic integration of sensors and integrated circuits. The buried oxide layer of an SOI wafer offers an excellent etch stop layer for silicon etching and sacrificial layer for fabrication of capacitive sensors. Deep silicon etching is studied and the aspect ratio dependency of the etch rate and loading effects are described and modeled. The etch rate of the deep silicon etching process is modeled with a simple flow conductance model, which takes into account only the initial etch rate and reaction probability and flow resistance of the etched feature. The used model predicts qualitatively the aspect-ratio-dependent etch rate for varying trench widths and rectangular shapes. The design related loading can be modeled and the effects of the loading can be minimized with proper etch mask design. The basic SOI micromechanics process is described and the drawbacks and limitations of the process are discussed. Improvements to the process are introduced as well as IR microscopy as a new method to inspect the sacrificial etch length of the SOI structure. A new fabrication process for SOI micromechanics has been developed that alleviates metallization problems during the wet etching of the sacrificial layer. The process is based on forming closed cavities under the structure layer of SOI with the help of a semi-permeable polysilicon film. Prototype SOI device fabrication results are presented. High Q single crystal silicon micro resonators have potential for replacing bulky quartz resonators in clock circuits. Monolithic integration of micromechanical devices and an integrated circuit has been demonstrated with the developed process using the embedded vacuum cavities.
Leadership and Ethics in Work Groups

This study explored the relationship between leadership style and individual ethics in work groups. We present a model of how active leadership affects conformity in members’ ethical decision frameworks (formalism and utilitarianism). We tested this model by examining 36 work groups over a 12-week period. Results supported the hypothesis that more active leadership would lead to greater conformity in both types of ethical frameworks. A second hypothesis, that group cohesion would mediate this relationship between leadership style and ethical conformity, was partially supported. Implications of these findings for leadership, groups, and ethics research are discussed.
The co-constructed therapy alliance and the technical and tactical quality of the therapist interventions in psychotherapy

This study sought to describe a brief review of studies conducted on the therapeutic alliance, taking into consideration therapeutic process and outcomes. We seek to reflect about the need to encourage the communities who engage in and conduct research on clinical practice not only to implement surveys of empirically validated measures of therapeutic outcomes, but also make them a regular practice among all clinical mental health psychotherapists. We therefore suggest the following paradigm – the Practice Based on Evidence of Results (PBER) – as a way to improve the quality of technical and tactical interventions of psychotherapists
The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments

Over the past decade the social identity theory of leadership (Hogg, 2001a; Hogg & van Knippenberg, 2003) has reinvigorated social psychological research on leadership by reconnecting leadership to the social psychology of influence, and by explicitly elaborating on the (social) identity function, and associated social cognitive and social interactive processes, associated with leadership. The main tenet is that group prototypical leaders are better supported and more trusted, and are perceived as more effective by members than are less prototypical leaders; particularly when group membership is a central and salient aspect of members’ identity and members identify strongly with the group. This hypothesis has attracted unequivocal support across numerous studies, research teams, and research paradigms. In this article we describe the social identity theory of leadership and its conceptual origins, and overview the state of evidence. The main focus of the article is on new conceptual developments and associated empirical advances; including the moderating roles of uncertainty, group innovation and creativity, deviance, “norm talk”, charisma, fairness, as well as the extension of the social identity theory of leadership to an intergroup context. Throughout we identify directions for future empirical and conceptual advances.
Overexpression of Tyrosine Kinase B Protein as a Predictor for Distant Metastases and Prognosis in Gastric Carcinoma

Objective: Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) is associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis in various cancers. Here we examined the association between TrkB expression and distant metastases/prognosis in gastric carcinoma (GC). Patients and Methods: We analyzed TrkB expression in 161 GC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The correlation of TrkB mRNA and protein expression levels was examined in 10 patients by RT-PCR assay. Results: TrkB expression was of level 1 in 97 (60.2%) and level 2 in 64 (39.8%) patients. Patients with level 2 expression had a significantly higher incidence of distant metastases (p < 0.0001), well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.005), deeper depth of invasion (p < 0.005) and poorer disease-free and overall survival (p < 0.0001 each) compared to patients with level 1. Multivariate analysis identified the level of TrkB expression as an independent prognostic factor for both disease-free and overall survival (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Both lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 10.7) and TrkB expression (odds ratio = 9.3) were independent predictors of distant metastases. Conclusion: A high level of TrkB expression was observed in well-differentiated GC subtypes and is a predictor for distant metastases and prognosis in GC.
Cognitive dissonance. 1: An overview of the literature and its integration into theory and practice in clinical psychology.

PURPOSE Clinical psychology may not be making full use of the experimental psychological research available to it. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on cognitive dissonance in order to assess its usefulness in developing and deconstructing clinical psychological therapies and practice. METHODS Experimental, theoretical and review articles were examined in relation to their possible clinical implications, and included in this review if they related to the arousal, maintenance and reduction of the state termed cognitive dissonance. Well replicated findings based on experimentally sound paradigms were integrated to produce an overall view of the evidence in favour of the existence of these processes, and of the principles behind them. RESULTS It is concluded that there is an effect on attitudes and behaviour of creating inconsistency in individuals, and that this is not explained away by alternative theories, which in many cases refer to special conditions which maximally arouse dissonance. The dissonant state lasts for a few minutes, but its effects can last for up to two weeks, and might be reinstated by reintroducing the original inconsistency. Individuals can react to dissonance through a variety of cognitive alterations which reinstate consistency. The choice of response is a function of its salience and the difficulty in its execution. CONCLUSIONS The literature supports the existence of the phenomenon termed cognitive dissonance, and one can distil the principles underlying its production, maintenance and reduction. This body of literature may provide insights into the conduct of therapy generally, as well as into the mechanisms of specific therapies which may guide modifications or development of alternative interventions.
Educating the Educators: Rethinking Subject Matter and Methods

gate? In addition to general requirements in their professional education such as psychological and social foundations and student teaching, what specifically do social studies teachers need to know and be able to do? What, in particular, do they need to study in the subject matters of the social sciences (defined here, for purposes of brevity, to include history and geography), and what should they learn about its effective direction to desired results, that is, method? Usually answers to the first question require reference to the liberal arts component of teacher education and the second to methods in the professional education component. As we shall see, this separation of subject matter and method in the education of social studies teachers, although conventional, poses problems.
CYP1A1, mEH, and GSTM1 Polymophisms and Risk of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer: A Spanish Case-Control Study

Background. Genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification pathways of carcinogenic substances may influence cancer risk. Methods. Case-control study that investigates the relationship between CYP1A1 Ile/Val, exon 4 mEH, and GSTM1 null genetic polymorphism and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer examining the interaction between these genes, tobacco, and alcohol. 92 incident cases and 130 consecutive hospital-based controls have been included. Results. No significant associations were found for any of the genotypes assessed. The estimated risk was slightly elevated in subjects with the wild type of the mEH gene and the null GSTM1 genotype. For exon 4 mEH heterozygous polymorphism, the risk was slightly lower for heavy smokers than for light smokers. The inverse association was observed for the GSTM1 null genotype. Conclusions. The results suggest that exon 4 mEH and GSTM1 null polymorphisms might influence oral and pharyngeal cancer.
PREDICTION OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH BACTEREMIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-EXISTING RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Pre-existing renal insufficiency serves as a common risk factor in the development of acute renal failure. Acute renal failure is a common finding in patients with bacteremia and is associated with poor prognosis. A total of 2722 consecutive patients 18 years old or older, fulfilling strike criteria of bacteremia or fungemia were prospectively evaluated to establish the prognostic importance of pre-existing renal insufficiency in bacteremic patients. They were classified according to serum creatinine levels upon admission into three groups. 915 patients had normal creatinine levels (≤ 1.0 mg/dL), 1528 had mild to moderate renal failure (creatinine 1.1–3 mg/dL) and 279 patients had severe renal failure upon admission (creatinine >3.0 mg/dL). Mild to severe renal failure upon admission was associated with old age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heat disease, hypertension and congestive heart failure. The serum albumin in patients with severe renal failure was significantly low, with a mean of 2–9 mg/dL. Urinary tract infections were more prevalent in patients with mild to severe renal failure, while intravenous line infections, bacterial endocarditis and soft and skin tissue infections were more common in patients with normal renal function. In the 279 patients with severe renal failure the mortality rate was significantly higher (50%) compared to patents with mild to moderate renal failure and patients with normal renal function (21% and 26% respectively, p = 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that pre-existing serum creatinine >3 mg/dL was significantly associated with death attributable to bacteremia (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.7). In conclusion, adult bacteremic patients with pre-existing serum creatinine above 3 mg/dL upon admission are at increased risk of mortality due to bacteremia than patients with normal or mild to moderate renal failure.
Self-reported knowledge and practice of American Heart Association 2007 guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis: a survey among dentists in Hyperabad City, India.

PURPOSE To evaluate the knowledge and practice of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2007 guidelines among dentists in Hyderabad city, India, for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey questionnaire was mailed to the dentists to assess their knowledge with regard to the antibiotic prophylaxis needed for specific cardiac conditions and the prophylaxis reasonable before various dental procedures in high-risk patients and the first-line and second-line antibiotic regimen prescribed. RESULTS Of the 190 registered dentists, 169 (88.94%) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the population was 39.17 ± 8.23 years. The majority of the respondents correctly identified that having prosthetic cardiac valves, a previous history of IE illness and cardiac transplantation with subsequent cardiac valvulopathy are cardiac conditions requiring antibiotic prophylaxis. Prescription of first-line antibiotic drugs and second-line drug regimens corresponding to the current guidelines was correctly answered by only 56.21% dentists and 60.95% dentists, respectively. CONCLUSION A relatively low level of knowledge of the new guidelines was reported among dentists, reflecting the need for more continuing dental education programmes.
The Role of Teachers’ Self- and Collective-Efficacy Beliefs on Their Job Satisfaction and Experienced Emotions in School

This study aimed at investigating a) teachers’ job satisfaction, experienced emotions at school, self-efficacy and school collective-efficacy beliefs; b) the influential role of self-efficacy in the school collective-efficacy beliefs, and in the impact of the school collective-efficacy beliefs on job satisfaction and emotions; and c) the effect of self- and collective-efficacy beliefs on the impact of job satisfaction on emotions. The sample comprised 268 elementary school teachers (113 male, 155 female), who completed the scales at the middle of a school year. The results showed that a) the teachers experienced form moderate negative emotions to moderate positive emotions at school, particularly in the context-task- and self-related emotions; b) teachers’ self-efficacy had positive effect on school collective-efficacy beliefs and job satisfaction, and on the impact of collective efficacy on job satisfaction; c) self-efficacy, collective efficacy and job satisfaction, as a group, explained from a small to moderate amount of the variance of the emotions, while the impact of job satisfaction on the emotions was to a significant extent mediated by teachers’ perceptions about their school collective efficacy; and d) self-efficacy had direct and indirect effect, through the interaction of collective efficacy and job satisfaction, on the emotions. The findings are discussed for their applications in educational practice and future research.
Association Rule and Decision Tree based Methodsfor Fuzzy Rule Base Generation

—This paper focuses on the data-driven generation of fuzzy IF . THEN rules. The resulted fuzzy rule base can be applied to build a classiﬁer, a model used for prediction, or it can be applied to form a decision support system. Among the wide range of possible approaches, the decision tree and the association rule based algorithms are overviewed
Not seeing the wood for the imaginary trees. Or, who’s messing with our article?

Ambler (in this issue) has been very quick to comment on our recent paper in this journal (Nairn & Fine, IJA, 27(3), 2008) in which we discuss the implications of recent findings from the cognitive sciences for the ethics of advertising to children. We welcome this opportunity to address some of the many misunderstandings, misattributions and misplaced criticisms that constitute Ambler’s commentary, as well as to re-emphasise and expand on some of the important points from our paper. First, we briefly review the line of argument of our original paper. Those who have read Ambler’s response need fear no boredom through repetition, as our thesis bears little resemblance to the version of it provided by Ambler. Next, we address the seven issues characterised by Ambler as ‘contentious’, a description that turns out to depend on fundamental mischaracterisations of our account. Finally, we reiterate the central conceptual and practical points of our paper. Discussion of the effects and ethics of marketing to children will continue to be incomplete so long as discussants fail to acknowledge, and address in the form of a mature debate, the role of implicit cognition in consumer psychology.
Between Sicilia and Lombardy: Relation between trust, civil norms and social participation among citizens of Serbia

The one of the key precondition of social and political participation of citizens is their interpersonal and institutional trust. In order to avoid the increase of individual atomization and/or excessively rise of informal support networks, institutional organizations are crucial. For that reason, it is necessary to exist certain level of trust in institutional arrangements. This paper will be focused on widely used concept of social capital for analysis of interaction between trust, social norms and participation. Concerning participation, in this paper the difference between “generalized” trust in public institutions and “specific”, personalized trust in people is explained. This situation of low trust in people and institutions which are interlinked and create general atmosphere of distrust is present in post-socialist societies, such as Serbia. Firstly, the aim of this paper is to show level of participation in different organizations and the trust of citizens of Serbia in political institutions, as well as trust in people in general. Additionally, the acceptance of civil norms will be presented. Secondly, it will be analyzed in what extant formal organizations contribute to the trust creation and the acceptance of social norms as forms of universal values which are necessary for basic social consensus and solidarity. Also, it will be presented the relation between trust in certain institutions and organizations and the acceptance of civil norms. In order to achieve these goals, it will be used quantitative analysis and databases World Values Survey, fifth wave conducted from 2005 to 2007.
The Relevance of External Quality Assessment for Molecular Testing for ALK Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from Two Pilot Rounds Show Room for Optimization

Background and Purpose Molecular profiling should be performed on all advanced non-small cell lung cancer with non-squamous histology to allow treatment selection. Currently, this should include EGFR mutation testing and testing for ALK rearrangements. ROS1 is another emerging target. ALK rearrangement status is a critical biomarker to predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib. To promote high quality testing in non-small cell lung cancer, the European Society of Pathology has introduced an external quality assessment scheme. This article summarizes the results of the first two pilot rounds organized in 2012–2013. Materials and Methods Tissue microarray slides consisting of cell-lines and resection specimens were distributed with the request for routine ALK testing using IHC or FISH. Participation in ALK FISH testing included the interpretation of four digital FISH images. Results Data from 173 different laboratories was obtained. Results demonstrate decreased error rates in the second round for both ALK FISH and ALK IHC, although the error rates were still high and the need for external quality assessment in laboratories performing ALK testing is evident. Error rates obtained by FISH were lower than by IHC. The lowest error rates were observed for the interpretation of digital FISH images. Conclusion There was a large variety in FISH enumeration practices. Based on the results from this study, recommendations for the methodology, analysis, interpretation and result reporting were issued. External quality assessment is a crucial element to improve the quality of molecular testing.
User experience of a mobile speaking application with automatic speech recognition for EFL learning

With the spread of mobile devices, mobile phones have enormous potential regarding their pedagogical use in language education. The goal of this study is to analyse user experience of a mobile-based learning system that is enhanced by speech recognition technology for the improvement of EFL ( English as a foreign language) learners' speaking proficiency. Speaking E nglish 60 J unior, which is developed for middle-school students in Korea, is equipped with automatic speech recognition ( ASR) for students' self-regulated speaking practice. Open-ended survey questions were used to gain insight into users' reactions. The results showed that the students, overall, had positive attitudes towards the use of the application for learning to speak. They particularly expressed great interest in the speech recognition function because it immediately demonstrated the consequence of their speech input. The speech-interactive activity, in which they interacted with a virtual character via ASR, also received positive comments. The findings highlight the potential use of mobile phones and ASR for learning to speak in the EFL context. Recommendations for future research are discussed based on the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The big five in the USA and Japan

Purpose – To examine whether the “big five” personality factors operate similarly from a psychometric perspective across dissimilar cultures.Design/methodology/approach – Managers from the USA and Japan were administered a work‐oriented measure of the big five and overall assessment ratings were collected. Independent groups t‐tests were used to examine mean differences in personality scores across samples. Factor analysis was used to examine the structure of the big five across samples. Relative importance analyses were used to examine whether assessors across samples differentially weighted the big five in arriving at overall assessment ratings.Findings – Big five personality dimension scores were significantly higher in the US sample compared to the Japanese sample. Across both samples, relative importance analyses revealed extraversion to be the most important correlate of predicted job performance, whereas conscientiousness was the least important correlate of predicted job performance.Research limit.
Creativity Awards: Great Expectations?

Given the creativity inherent in advertising, one useful measure of creativity may be the advertising creativity award. Although creativity awards have been used by academics, agencies, and clients as indicators of exemplary creative work, there is surprisingly little research as to what creative elements they actually represent. Senior agency executives were selected to assess their own campaigns in terms of originality and strategy, and were also queried about whether those campaigns would win creativity, and effectiveness, awards. Findings show that the campaigns deemed worthy of creativity award recognition are usually highly original. Yet, most award-winning work is rarely regarded as being highly strategic. The results indicate that this originality bias contained in award-winning advertisements may limit their usefulness as proxy measures of creativity. Although the originality aspect of creativity is reflected, strategy and appropriateness are not adequately, nor proportionately considered. Implications for the use of creativity awards by researchers, as well as managerial issues, are discussed.