Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Food Matters: Identifying Food-related Events on Twitter

Food communities in Twitter are growing every year, and food-related content permeates everyday conversations. Users meet on Twitter to share recipes, give cooking advices or simply inform others about what they are eating. While some of these food-related conversations are not associated with any special occurrence, many conversations take place instead during specific events. The detection of food-related events gives interesting insights: people do not talk only about Halloween and Easter, but they also create their own food-related events, such as the promotion of products (e.g., an online petition to propose the production of bacon-flavored chips) or themed home-made recipes (e.g., a day of recipes dedicated to chocolate). In this paper, we propose an approach that accurately captures food-related content from the tweet live stream, and analyze the detected conversations to identify food-related events. The proposed technique is general as it can be applied to the identification of other thematic events in digital streams.
The Linguistic Features of Acronyms in Arabic

This study investigates the phonological, semantic, and pragmatic features of acronyms in Arabic. Acronyms in Arabic have appeared quite recently as a result of globalization and exposure to or contact with, mainly, English via radio stations and TV channels, which are broadcasting in English and in some countries, for example, Morocco in both English and French. Through in-depth analysis, it has been observed that acronyms in Arabic are subject to different restrictions: (a) The phonological combinations are formed on the basis of Arabic templates; hence, should be compatible with Arabic phonotactics, for example, consonant clusters should be broken up by vowels; (b) the connotation of the acronyms should not be negative; and (c) in conformity with relevance theory, when the acronyms are homophonous to existing words, the former maximize contextual effects with minimum processing effort. The fact that they appear in certain contexts also reduces the processing effort. It has also become evident that the period between the establishment of the movement or party and the first use of the acronym decreases over time, provided that the acronyms are frequently mentioned in the media. The examination of acronyms in different languages shows that acronymization is quite pervasive cross-linguistically; this may suggest that not any word-formation process can easily spread; it needs to be prevalent and potentially universal.
Environmental Health Perspectives

Background: Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like and nondioxin-like, have been linked to alterations in puberty. Objectives: We examined the association of peripubertal serum levels of these compounds (and their toxic equivalents (TEQs)) with pubertal onset and maturity among Russian boys enrolled at ages 8–9 years and followed prospectively through ages 17-18 years. Methods: At enrollment, 473 boys had serum dioxin-like compounds and PCBs measured. At the baseline visit and annually until age 17-18 years, a physician performed pubertal staging [Genitalia (G), Pubarche (P), and testicular volume (TV)]. 315 subjects completed the follow-up visit at 17-18 years of age. Pubertal onset was defined as TV>3 mL, G2, or P2. Sexual maturity was defined as TV≥20 mL, G5, or P5. Multivariable interval-censored models were used to evaluate associations of lipid-standardized concentrations with pubertal timing. Results: Medians (interquartile ranges) of the sum of dioxin-like compounds, TEQs, and nondioxin-like-PCBs were 362 pg/g lipid (279-495), 21.1 pg TEQ/g lipid (14.4-33.2), and 250 ng/g lipid (164-395), respectively. In adjusted models, the highest compared to lowest TEQ quartile was associated with later pubertal onset (months; 95% CI) [TV 11.6 (3.8, 19.4); G2 10.1 (1.4, 18.8)] and sexual maturity [TV 11.6 (5.7, 17.6); G5 9.7 (3.1, 16.2)]. However, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of nondioxin-like-PCBs, when co-adjusted by TEQs, was associated with earlier pubertal onset [TV -8
Version : March 30 , 2010 Imposing Connectivity Constraints in Forest Harvest Scheduling

Rodolfo Carvajal H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, rocarvaj@gatech.edu Miguel Constantino Centro de Investigação Operacional, Lisboa, Portugal, miguel.constantino@fu.ul. pt Marcos Goycoolea Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile, marcos.goycoolea@uai.cl Juan Pablo Vielma Business Analytics and Mathematical Sciences Department, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, jvielma@pitt.edu Andrés Weintraub Departamento de Ingenieŕıa Industrial, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Milenio Sistemas Complejos de Ingenieŕıa, Santiago, Chile, aweintraub@dii.uchile. cl
Native vs. non-native teachers: Who is the real model for Japanese elementary school pupils?

Native English speaking teachers (NESTs) are employed throughout Asian countries for the purpose of modeling the foreign language and providing support to non-Native English speaking teachers (NNESTs). At the same time, the exact influence of NESTs on students’ learning behaviors has not been fully documented, and some studies have indicated a negative effect on overall learning. Based on the social cognitive theory of observational learning, this study attempted to address the following research questions: 1) How do students perceive classes lead by NESTS and NNESTs with regard to teacher modeling and students’ own spoken output? and 2) How do teachers’ modeled behaviors influence student output? Using repeated measures MANOVA, this study found differences in the amount of English spoken by NESTS and NNESTs, though no meaningful differences between different teacher groups’ perceived affect when speaking English were found. Multiple regression analyses indicated that in the Japanese elementary classroom, the homeroom teacher exerted a greater effect on students’ language learning behavior than language specialist NNESTs and NESTs. Findings indicate that the homeroom teacher may act as a behavioral role-model for language learning, and thus their involvement in foreign language classes may benefit students’ foreign language acquisition.
Critical analysis of the luminosity functions per galaxy type measured from redshift surveys

I perform a quantitative comparison of the shape of the optical luminosity functions as a function of galaxy class and filter, which have been obtained from redshift surveys with an effective depth ranging from $z\simeq0.01$ to $z\simeq0.6$. This analysis is based on the M * and α Schechter parameters which are systematically measured for all galaxy redshift surveys. I provide complete tables of all the existing measurements, which I have converted into the UBVR $_{\rm c}I_{\rm c}$ Johnson-Cousins system wherever necessary. By using as reference the intrinsic luminosity functions per morphological type, I establish that the variations in the luminosity functions from survey to survey and among the galaxy classes are closely related to the criteria for galaxy classification used in the surveys, as these determine the amount of mixing of the known morphological types within a given class. When using a spectral classification, the effect can be acute in the case of inaccurate spectrophotometric calibrations: the luminosity functions are then biased by type contamination and display a smooth variation from type to type which might be poorly related to the intrinsic luminosity functions per morphological type. In the case of surveys using multi-fiber spectroscopy, galaxy classification based on rest-frame colors might provide better estimates of the intrinsic luminosity functions. It is noticeable that all the existing redshift surveys fail to measure the Gaussian luminosity function for Spiral galaxies, presumably due to contamination by dwarf galaxies. Most existing redshift surveys based on visual morphological classification also appear to have their Elliptical/Lenticular luminosity functions contaminated by dwarf galaxies. In contrast, the analyses using a reliable spectral classification based on multi-slit spectroscopy or medium-filter spectrophotometry, and combined with accurate CCD photometry succeed in measuring the Gaussian luminosity function for E/S0 galaxies. The present analysis therefore calls for a more coherent approach in separating the relevant giant and dwarf galaxy types, a necessary step towards measuring reliable intrinsic luminosity functions.
Rubbing Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Machinery Based on Wavelet and Support Vector Machine

The diagnosis method of rubbing fault in rotary machinery was investigated by support vector machine combined with wavelet transform. The rubbing fault of a rotary machine was simulated with a rubbing-block. The decomposed signals at every level were continuous for the case without rubbing fault, while the decomposed signals were bursting signals at level 1, level 2 and level 3, and continuous signals at level 4, level 5 for the case with rubbing fault. The correct rate of test samples was more than 92%, which indicated that the method can be used to identify rubbing faults effectively. The complexity of the SVM model was decreased and the calculation was simplified by using wavelet transform.
‘“Asexual” Isn’t Who I Am’: The Politics of Asexuality

Some literature on asexuality has claimed that it is inherently radical and contains the potential for resistance. Unfortunately, this literature has tended to be unempirical, has imagined asexuality as a disembodied entity, and has marginalised the multiple identities held by asexual people. This article, inspired by Plummer’s critical humanist approach, seeks to explore how individuals understand their asexuality to encourage forms of political action in the areas of identity, activism, online spaces, and LGBT politics. What we found was a plurality of experiences and attitudes with most adopting a pragmatic position in response to their social situation which saw large-scale political action as irrelevant. We conclude by reflecting on what these results mean for those who see asexuality as potentially radical.
Association of Plasma Homocysteine with Self-Reported Sleep Apnea Is Confounded by Age: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006

High levels of plasma homocysteine are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases especially if accompanied by sleep apnea, but a direct pathogenetic link between plasma homocysteine levels and obstructive sleep apnea is debatable. This association can have far-reaching public health implications considering the inverse association between folate and plasma homocysteine. We used data from the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to test the hypothesized associations. Of the 4490 subjects included in analysis, 177 reported sleep apnea. Age-standardized and design-effect-corrected prevalence rates were differential across gender, plasma homocysteine, and red cell folate status. Plasma homocysteine was positively correlated with age (r = 0.38, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses using sociodemographic and clinical covariates demonstrated that plasma homocysteine levels retained their respective associations with self-reported sleep apnea in all models except when age was included as a covariate. Our results demonstrate that the claimed association of plasma homocysteine with sleep apnea may be confounded by age.
Interaction between asthma and smoking increases the risk of adult airway obstruction

The aim of the present study was to analyse the interaction between asthma and smoking in the risk of adult airway obstruction, accounting for atopy. In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, 15 668 persons aged 20–56 years underwent spirometry in 1991–1993 and 9 years later (n=8916). Risk of airway obstruction and lung function decline associated with smoking and early-onset (<10 years of age) and late-onset (>10 years of age) asthma were analysed with generalised estimating equation models and random-effect linear models, adjusting for covariates. Interaction of asthma with smoking was expressed as relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). A 20-fold increase in adult airway obstruction was found among those with early-onset asthma independently of smoking status (never-smokers: OR 21.0, 95% CI 12.7–35; current smokers: OR 23.7, 95% CI 13.9–40.6). Late-onset asthma was associated with airway obstruction, with a stronger association among current smokers (OR 25.6, 95% CI 15.6–41.9) than among never-smokers (OR 11.2, 95% CI 6.8–18.6) (RERI 12.02, 95% CI 1.96–22.07). Stratifying by atopy, the association between smoking and asthma was most pronounced among nonatopics. Early- and late-onset asthma were associated with 10–20-fold increased risk of adult airway obstruction. Smoking increased the risk of adult airway obstruction in subjects with asthma onset after age 10 years. Investigation of measures potentially preventive of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development following asthma is urgently needed. Early-onset asthma increased adult airflow obstruction risk 20-fold; smoking modified effects of late-onset asthma http://ow.ly/CMNqU
The identification of residents capable of accurately describing daily care: implications for evaluating nursing home care quality.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to develop a method of identifying incontinent nursing home (NH) residents capable of providing accurate interview information about daily NH care. DESIGN AND METHODS In 177 incontinent NH residents from four facilities, selected Minimum Data Set (MDS) ratings were compared with two standardized, performance-based, cognitive screening instruments to predict which residents could accurately answer questions concerning receipt of daily incontinence and mobility care practices. RESULTS MDS ratings of activity of daily living performance and cognition significantly predicted residents' ability to accurately describe daily care practices. Performance-based measures of cognitive functioning did not outperform the MDS ratings. Selecting residents who scored two or more on four orientation items composing the MDS Recall subscale identified residents capable of accurately describing daily care practices with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 75%. IMPLICATIONS The MDS-based criteria identified are a promising, objective method for selecting incontinent NH residents for interview to verify the occurrence of specific daily care practices.
A Secure E-Election System

An E-Election system is being put forward for elections in all countries through this paper. The stated model is highly efficient in the security point of view as voter''s high security password and Iris recognition will be confirmed before the acceptance of individual''s vote in the main database of Election Commission of any country. In addition to this the model also provides the feature that the voter will be able to confirm that his/her vote reached the selected candidate/party or not. In spite of that a person may also vote from outside of his/her allotted constituency or from his/her preferred location. In this proposed system the counting of votes will be automated, thus it will save a huge amount of time and enabling Election Commissioner of any country to announce the result within a very short duration.
Distributionally Robust Logistic Regression

This paper proposes a distributionally robust approach to logistic regression. We use the Wasserstein distance to construct a ball in the space of probability distributions centered at the uniform distribution on the training samples. If the radius of this ball is chosen judiciously, we can guarantee that it contains the unknown data-generating distribution with high confidence. We then formulate a distribution-ally robust logistic regression model that minimizes a worst-case expected logloss function, where the worst case is taken over all distributions in the Wasserstein ball. We prove that this optimization problem admits a tractable reformulation and encapsulates the classical as well as the popular regularized logistic regression problems as special cases. We further propose a distributionally robust approach based on Wasserstein balls to compute upper and lower confidence bounds on the misclassification probability of the resulting classifier. These bounds are given by the optimal values of two highly tractable linear programs. We validate our theoretical out-of-sample guarantees through simulated and empirical experiments.
Receptor for Activated C Kinase-1 Facilitates Protein Kinase C-Dependent Phosphorylation and Functional Modulation of GABAA Receptors with the Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors

GABAA receptors are the principal sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain. These receptors are hetero-pentamers that can be assembled from a number of subunit classes: α(1–6), β(1–3), γ(1–3), δ(1), ε, θ, and π, but the majority of receptor subtypes is believed, however, to be composed of α, β, and γ2 subunits. A major mechanism for modulating GABAA receptor function occurs via the phosphorylation of residues within the intracellular domains of receptor subunits by a range of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. However, how protein kinases are targeted to these receptors to facilitate functional modulation remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that the receptor for activated C kinase (RACK-1) and protein kinase C (PKC) bind to distinct sites on GABAA receptor β subunits. Although RACK-1 is not essential for PKC binding to GABAA receptor β subunits, it enhances the phosphorylation of serine 409, a residue critical for the phospho-dependent modulation of GABAAreceptor function in the β1 subunit by anchored PKC. Furthermore, RACK-1 also enhances GABAA receptor functional modulation in neurons by a PKC-dependent signaling pathway with the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). This PKC-dependent modulation of neuronal GABAA receptors was mirrored by an increase in the phosphorylation of GABAA receptor β subunits with the activation of mAChRs. Our results suggest a central role for RACK-1 in potentiating PKC-dependent phosphorylation and functional modulation of GABAA receptors. Therefore, RACK-1 will enhance functional cross talk between GABAA receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors and therefore may have profound effects on neuronal excitability.
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: progress and future prospects

This review focuses on methods for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting clinical, pathological, and biomarker-driven approaches. For each of these diagnostic approaches, the past, present, and future prospects of diagnosing PD will be explored. Our understanding of PD - its pathogenesis and clinical spectrum - is ever changing. PD is now recognized as a complex multisystem disorder with motor and nonmotor features, including those preceding the onset of classic motor features as well as different phenotypes, often associated with different genetic mutations. Theories regarding the pathophysiology of PD and the role of α-synuclein, its deposition outside of the central nervous system, and possible progression or propagation are discussed. It has been almost 200 years since James Parkinson first described this disorder, and since then, our understanding of the disease process has evolved and become more sophisticated. However, the clinical diagnostic criteria used have remained fairly static for decades. Proposals for redefining PD's diagnostic criteria incorporate clinical, pathological, and biomarker-driven elements, individually and/or collectively, and may need to consider whether individualized risk and personalized profiles could be ascertained.
TFE3 Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis through Autophagy-Induced Lipophagy and PGC1α-Mediated Fatty Acid β-Oxidation

Autophagy flux deficiency is closely related to the development of hepatic steatosis. Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) is reported to be a crucial gene that regulates autophagy flux and lysosome function. Therefore, we investigated the role of TFE3 in a cell model of hepatic steatosis. We constructed L02 hepatocyte lines that stably over-expressed or knocked down the expression of TFE3. Subsequently, the effects of TFE3 on hepatocellular lipid metabolism were determined by autophagy flux assay, lipid oil red O (ORO) staining, immunofluorescence staining, and mitochondrial β-oxidation assessment. Finally, we analyzed whether peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) was the potential target gene of TFE3 in the regulation of hepatic steatosis using a chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay and a luciferase reporter system. We found that overexpression of TFE3 markedly alleviated hepatocellular steatosis. On the contrary, downregulation of TFE3 resulted in an aggravated steatosis. The mechanistic studies revealed that the TFE3-manipulated regulatory effects on hepatocellular steatosis are dependent on autophagy-induced lipophagy and PGC1α-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation because blocking these pathways with an Atg5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or PGC1α siRNA dramatically blunted the TFE3-mediated regulation of steatosis. In conclusion, TFE3 gene provides a novel insight into the treatment of hepatic steatosis and other metabolic disease.
Findings - Biased but Efficient: An Investigation of Coordination Facilitated by Asymmetric Dominance

In several marketing contexts, strategic complementarity between the actions of individual players demands that players coordinate their decisions to reach efficient outcomes. Yet coordination failure is a common occurrence. We show that the well-established psychological phenomenon of asymmetric dominance can facilitate coordination in two experiments. Thus, we demonstrate a counterintuitive result: A common bias in individual decision making can help players to coordinate their decisions to obtain efficient outcomes. Further, limited steps of thinking alone cannot account for the observed asymmetric dominance effect. The effect appears to be due to increased psychological attractiveness of the dominating strategy, with our estimates of the incremental attractiveness ranging from 3%--6%. A learning analysis further clarifies that asymmetric dominance and adaptive learning can guide players to an efficient outcome.