Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Comparison of Morning and Random Urine Specimen Levels with 24 Hour Urinary Excretion Levels of Seven Biochemical Parameters with a Proposed Formula

&NA; This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the suggested method (SM) to estimate the urinary level of seven biochemical parameters within 24 hours with an innovative formula using morning and random urine specimens. A total of 133 clients referring to the laboratory of the Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, participated voluntarily in the investigation with providing three urine samples of 24‐hour, morning and random. Seven biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, uric acid, microalbumin and protein) were measured in all three samples. After applying the proposed formula and the formula of the parameter‐to‐creatinine ratio (p/c), the results obtained from morning and random samples were compared statistically with those of 24‐hour urine samples. Compared to the p/c ratio method, nearly all the results of the SM were more correlated with the 24‐hour method (24‐hrM). Among the results obtained in the SM, the values of urea, calcium and phosphorus in the morning urine and those of uric acid, microalbumin, protein and creatinine in the random urine showed higher correlation with the respective results of the 24‐hrM. The new method seems to be a feasible alternative to the methods of 24‐hour and p/c ratio for measuring morning values of urea, calcium and phosphorus as well as random values of uric acid, microalbumin, protein and creatinine. This method is a compromised method when 24 hours urine specimen is impossible to get by certain patients.
Multiple Calcium Export Exchangers and Pumps Are a Prominent Feature of Enamel Organ Cells

Calcium export is a key function for the enamel organ during all stages of amelogenesis. Expression of a number of ATPase calcium transporting, plasma membrane genes (ATP2B1-4/PMCA1-4), solute carrier SLC8A genes (sodium/calcium exchanger or NCX1-3), and SLC24A gene family members (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger or NCKX1-6) have been investigated in the developing enamel organ in earlier studies. This paper reviews the calcium export pathways that have been described and adds novel insights to the spatiotemporal expression patterns of PMCA1, PMCA4, and NCKX3 during amelogenesis. New data are presented to show the mRNA expression profiles for the four Atp2b1-4 gene family members (PMCA1-4) in secretory-stage and maturation-stage rat enamel organs. These data are compared to expression profiles for all Slc8a and Slc24a gene family members. PMCA1, PMCA4, and NCKX3 immunolocalization data is also presented. Gene expression profiles quantitated by real time PCR show that: (1) PMCA1, 3, and 4, and NCKX3 are most highly expressed during secretory-stage amelogenesis; (2) NCX1 and 3, and NCKX6 are expressed during secretory and maturation stages; (3) NCKX4 is most highly expressed during maturation-stage amelogenesis; and (4) expression levels of PMCA2, NCX2, NCKX1, NCKX2, and NCKX5 are negligible throughout amelogenesis. In the enamel organ PMCA1 localizes to the basolateral membrane of both secretory and maturation ameloblasts; PMCA4 expression is seen in the basolateral membrane of secretory and maturation ameloblasts, and also cells of the stratum intermedium and papillary layer; while NCKX3 expression is limited to Tomes' processes, and the apical membrane of maturation-stage ameloblasts. These new findings are discussed in the perspective of data already present in the literature, and highlight the multiplicity of calcium export systems in the enamel organ needed to regulate biomineralization.
Safety of a modification of the triage level for febrile children 6 to 36 months old using the Paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale.

OBJECTIVE The Paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (PaedCTAS) stipulates that febrile patients who are 3 to 36 months old should be triaged to the PaedCTAS 3 "urgent" category. To optimize resource use, we implemented a protocol enabling these children to be down-triaged to the PaedCTAS 4 "less urgent" category if there was no sign of toxicity. Our objective was to evaluate the safety of this triage protocol modification. METHODS This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients triaged in an urban tertiary pediatric hospital during a 6-month period between November 22, 2005, and May 22, 2006. Data were retrieved from the emergency department (ED) database and rates of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were compared for 4 groups: all patients triaged as urgent (level 3), all febrile patients from 3 to 36 months old triaged as urgent (level 3), all patients triaged as less urgent (level 4) and all febrile patients aged 3 to 36 months old who were down-triaged to less urgent (level 4). RESULTS There were 36,285 total ED visits during the study period, including 3477 febrile children who were 3 to 36 months old. Nurses down-triaged 1869 febrile children (54%) to the level-4 (less urgent) category and left 1322 (38%) in the level-3 (urgent) category. Hospitalization rate for down-triaged febrile patients was similar to that seen for all PaedCTAS 4 patients (2.4% v. 2.8%, 95% confidence interval for difference -0.3% to 1.1%). Down-triaged patients had significantly lower admission rates than those remaining in the level-3 (urgent) category (absolute risk reduction 10.7% standard deviation 1.9%, p<0.001). No down-triaged patient died or required ICU admission. CONCLUSION Febrile children aged 6 to 36 months who have no signs of toxicity can safely be down-triaged, based on triage nurse clinical judgement, to the less urgent PaedCTAS 4 category. This modification would affect the triage level of approximately 5% of all pediatric ED visits.
Evaluating conventional FMRI with respect to noninvasive localization of neuronal activity

Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) allows the measurement of functional cerebral blood flow changes occurring with specific tasks using standard clinical MR systems. However, the spatial relationship between neuronal activity and functional cerebral blood flow changes is not yet known. This article reviews studies which compared the center of neuronal activation (measured by magnetoencephalography) with that of the hemodynamic response (measured by FMRI) using motor and visual stimulation.
Too much of a good thing? Overexertion of self-control and dietary adherence in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVES The resource model of self-control posits that self-control is a finite resource that can be depleted. Individuals with diabetes must continually restrict their diet, requiring self-control. As a result, dietary adherence is difficult, and lapses are common. People with diabetes who overexert self-control following a lapse may be especially likely to experience a subsequent relapse, as suggested by the resource model. This investigation used the resource model of self-control to test whether overexertion of dietary self-control following a lapse would be predictive of a subsequent relapse in dietary control. DESIGN We tested this prediction in a daily diary study of 128 individuals with diabetes (Mage = 66.12). METHODS Participants' reports of their daily dietary adherence were used to define lapses in adherence, post-lapse adherence, and relapses. RESULTS Individuals who overexerted self-control after a lapse were more likely to experience a subsequent relapse (OR = 3.276, p = .016) and to do so sooner (HR = 2.12, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS People with diabetes may seek to compensate for a lapse in adherence by overexerting self-control, but doing so may deplete their self-control and increase the risk of a future relapse. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The resource model of self-control posits that self-control is a limited resource that can be temporarily depleted. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated support for this model showing that when participants are instructed to engage in a self-control task, they produce less self-control on a subsequent task. The majority of the existing studies are not conducted in naturalistic settings and do not use patient populations. What does this study add? This study is an ecologically valid test of the resource model of self-control. This study applies the resource model of self-control to a patient population.
The Island of Time: Yélî Dnye, the Language of Rossel Island

This paper describes the linguistic description of time, the accompanying gestural system, and the “mental time lines” found in the speakers of Yélî Dnye, an isolate language spoken offshore from Papua New Guinea. Like many indigenous languages, Yélî Dnye has no fixed anchoring of time and thus no calendrical time. Instead, time in Yélî Dnye linguistic description is primarily anchored to the time of speaking, with six diurnal tenses and special nominals for n days from coding time; this is supplemented with special constructions for overlapping events. Consequently there is relatively little cross-over or metaphor from space to time. The gesture system, on the other hand, uses pointing to sun position to indicate time of day and may make use of systematic time lines. Experimental evidence fails to show a single robust axis used for mapping time to space. This suggests that there may not be a strong, universal tendency for systematic space-time mappings.
Is there different risk of cancer among end‐stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?

Cancer is a global issue in recent decade. Despite this alarming increase in the incidence of cancer, to date, whether the risk of developing cancer differs among peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients is still uncertain. In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, which provides coverage to almost 99% of the nation's population. After matching, a total of 4491 (or 3369) incident PD patients and 8982 (or 6738) incident HD patients between 2000 and 2009 were enrolled from the database. In addition, 22,455 (or 16,845) nondialysis patients were selected as a control group. The patients were monitored for the occurrence of cancer until 2010, and their data were analyzed using several different models. In general, the results showed that the risks of hepatocellular, kidney, bladder, extra kidney/bladder urinary tract, and thyroid cancers were higher in dialysis patients. We also compared the risk of cancer between two dialysis groups by using the HD patients as the reference group. The result showed that there is no significant different for each cancer risk between two dialysis groups. In conclusion, dialysis patients had a higher risk of certain types of cancer than those in the nonuremia group. However, there was no significant difference in the cancer risk between the two dialysis groups when compared directly.
HAUSDORFF DIMENSION AND CONFORMAL MEASURES OF FEIGENBAUM

We show that contrary to anticipation suggested by the dictionary between rational maps and Kleinian groups and by the “hairiness phenomenon”, there exist many Feigenbaum Julia sets J(f) whose Hausdorff dimension is strictly smaller than two. We also prove that for any Feigenbaum Julia set, the Poincaré critical exponent δcr is equal to the hyperbolic dimension HDhyp(J(f)). Moreover, if area J(f) = 0 then HDhyp(J(f)) = HD(J(f)). In the stationary case, the last statement can be reversed: if area J(f) > 0 then HDhyp(J(f)) < 2. We also give a new construction of conformal measures on J(f) that implies that they exist for any δ ∈ [δcr,∞), and analyze their scaling and dissipativity/conservativity properties. Stony Brook IMS Preprint #2004/05 August 2004
The Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale revised.

P.E. Sifneos, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (USA) Although it is a well-known fact that the measurement of alexithymic characteristics is inadequate, because no perfect instrument has been devised as yet for that task, nevertheless the 2 most commonly used questionnaires are the Beth Israel Questionnaire (BIQ) and the SchallingSifneos Personality Scale (SSPS). The BIQ is based on an interview with a patient and is scored by the evaluator. It is a forcedchoice questionnaire and ideally it should be standardardized so that all evalua-tors who use it ask similar questions. This is difficult indeed, because interviewing styles vary greatly. The key questions in the BIQ are No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16. Questions 2 and 6 should be answered No and the others Yes. A score of 5-8 denotes alexithymic characteristics while as score of 0-5 falls within the normal range. The BIQ appears in appendix 1. The SSPS was devised in an effort to simplify the measurement of alexithymia. It is a questionnaire which gives the patient 4 different choices to answer 20 questions. One of the difficulties of the SSPS has to do precisely with the 4 choices available: (A) does not apply at all; (B) does not apply very much; (C) applies very much, and (D) applies completely. Patients usually tend to avoid the extremes A and D. The SSPS appears in appendix 2. Although both of these instruments are far from being ideal to measure alexithymia, nevertheless they seem to have some value in distinguishing individuals with alexithymic characteristics from normal people. In an effort to improve the measurement of alexithymia, an attempt will be made to correlate the SSPS with the BIQ. This revised SSPS (SSPS-R) has also forced-choice questions similar to the BIQ. In addition there are 2 questions for each one of the key 8 BIQ questions (1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16). 162 Sifneos
Rational surfaces with a large group of automorphisms

We classify rational surfaces for which the image of the automorphisms group in the group of linear transformations of the Picard group is the largest possible. This answers a question raised by Arthur Coble in 1928, and can be rephrased in terms of periodic orbits of a birational action of an infinite Coxeter group on ordered point sets in the projective plane modulo projective equivalence. We also outline the classification of non-rational surfaces with large automorphism groups.
Awareness, knowledge, and attitude of patients toward dental implants – A questionnaire-based prospective study

Background: In developing nations like India awareness and education about dental implants as a treatment modality is still scanty. Aim: The study was conducted to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of patients toward dental implants as a treatment modality among the general population and to assess the influence of personality characteristics on accepting dental implants as a treatment modality in general and as well as treatment group. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 500 randomly selected participants attending the outpatient department. The study was conducted in 2 parts. In the first part of the study, level of awareness, knowledge, and attitude was assessed. In the second part of the study, interactive educational sessions using audiovisual aids were conducted following which a retest was conducted. The participants who agreed to undergo implant treatment were followed up to assess their change in attitude towards dental implants posttreatment. Thus pain, anxiety, functional, and esthetic benefits were measured using visual analog scale. They were further followed up for 1 year to reassess awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards dental implants. Results: A total of 450 individuals completed the questionnaires. Only 106 individuals agreed to participate in the educational sessions and 83 individuals took the retest. Out of these, only 39 individuals chose implants as a treatment option. A significant improvement in the level of information, subjective and objective need for information, was noted after 1 year. Conclusion: In this study, a severe deficit in level of information, subjective and objective need for information towards, dental implants as a treatment modality was noted. In the treatment group, a significant improvement in perception of dental implant as a treatment modality suggests that professionally imparted knowledge can bring about a change in the attitude.
Nodular fasciitis of the breast: report of a case initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND Nodular fasciitis is a rare benign pseudosarcomatous proliferation of fibroblasts in the breast, in which the clinical examination and mammographic findings may closely mimic mammary carcinoma. CASE A case of nodular fasciitis was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. A 15-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a recently noticed, rapidly growing mass in the right breast. The aspirate contained cohesive groups of fusiform cells with elongated and oval nuclei, regular nuclear membranes and inconspicuous nucleoli, intermingled with scattered lymphocytes, red blood cells and characteristic granular background substance. A cytologic diagnosis of nodular fasciitis was made and confirmed histologically. CONCLUSION Mammary nodular fasciitis is often clinically suspicious for carcinoma and rarely diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A literature search yielded only five reported cases. The cytologic diagnosis of this entity helps to choose the correct surgical procedure, preventing psychological trauma to the patient.
Radiometric Correction of Close-Range Spectral Image Blocks Captured Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a Radiometric Block Adjustment

Unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV) equipped with novel, miniaturized, 2D frame format hyper- and multispectral cameras make it possible to conduct remote sensing measurements cost-efficiently, with greater accuracy and detail. In the mapping process, the area of interest is covered by multiple, overlapping, small-format 2D images, which provide redundant information about the object. Radiometric correction of spectral image data is important for eliminating any external disturbance from the captured data. Corrections should include sensor, atmosphere and view/illumination geometry (bidirectional reflectance distribution function—BRDF) related disturbances. An additional complication is that UAV remote sensing campaigns are often carried out under difficult conditions, with varying illumination conditions and cloudiness. We have developed a global optimization approach for the radiometric correction of UAV image blocks, a radiometric block adjustment. The objective of this study was to implement and assess a combined adjustment approach, including comprehensive consideration of weighting of various observations. An empirical study was carried out using imagery captured using a hyperspectral 2D frame format camera of winter wheat crops. The dataset included four separate flights captured during a 2.5 h time period under sunny weather conditions. As outputs, we calculated orthophoto mosaics using the most nadir images and sampled multiple-view hyperspectral spectra for vegetation sample points utilizing multiple images in the dataset. The method provided an automated tool for radiometric correction, compensating for efficiently radiometric disturbances in the images. The global homogeneity factor improved from 12–16% to 4–6% with the corrections, and a reduction in disturbances could be observed in the spectra of the object points sampled from multiple overlapping images. Residuals in the grey and white reflectance panels were less than 5% of the reflectance for most of the spectral bands.
Ocular blood flow in glaucoma – the Leuven Eye Study

Elevated intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) has been identified as a major risk factor for glaucoma. Additionally, extensive literature depicts a vascular dysfunction to exist in these patients. However, a large ocular blood flow‐oriented trial to integrate these findings in the clinical setting is lacking. This study would likely help to identify which of these vascular data can be used as a clinical tool for screening and disease stratification.
Nanobodies: Chemical Functionalization Strategies and Intracellular Applications

Abstract Nanobodies can be seen as next‐generation tools for the recognition and modulation of antigens that are inaccessible to conventional antibodies. Due to their compact structure and high stability, nanobodies see frequent usage in basic research, and their chemical functionalization opens the way towards promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this Review, central aspects of nanobody functionalization are presented, together with selected applications. While early conjugation strategies relied on the random modification of natural amino acids, more recent studies have focused on the site‐specific attachment of functional moieties. Such techniques include chemoenzymatic approaches, expressed protein ligation, and amber suppression in combination with bioorthogonal modification strategies. Recent applications range from sophisticated imaging and mass spectrometry to the delivery of nanobodies into living cells for the visualization and manipulation of intracellular antigens.
Nitrogen Nutrition of Fruit Trees to Reconcile Productivity and Environmental Concerns

Although perennial fruit crops represent 1% of global agricultural land, they are of a great economic importance in world trade and in the economy of many regions. The perennial woody nature of fruit trees, their physiological stages of growth, the root distribution pattern, and the presence of herbaceous vegetation in alleys make orchard systems efficient in the use and recycling of nitrogen (N). The present paper intends to review the existing literature on N nutrition of young and mature deciduous and evergreen fruit trees with special emphasis to temperate and Mediterranean climates. There are two major sources of N contributing to vegetative tree growth and reproduction: root N uptake and internal N cycling. Optimisation of the use of external and internal N sources is important for a sustainable fruit production, as N use efficiency by young and mature fruit trees is generally lower than 55% and losses of fertilizer N may occur with the consequent economic and environmental concern. Organic alternatives to mineral N fertilizer like the application of manure, compost, mulching, and cover crops are scarcely used in perennial fruit trees, in spite of the fact that society’s expectations call for more sustainable production techniques and the demand for organic fruits is increasing.