Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and differentiation of filamentous fungi based on Fatty Acid composition

Cellular fatty acid composition of 100 different filamentous fungi, including oomycetes, zygomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and sterile mycelia, was analyzed to determine if they can be differentiated from one another on this basis and how minor variations in culture temperature and age affect this characteristic. Many fungi were found to possess the same fatty acids but produced different relative concentrations of each. Some fungi differed in both the fatty acids produced and in the relative concentrations of others. Multivariate discriminant analysis demonstrated that all of the species included in this study had significantly different (P < 0.001) fatty acid profiles. Each of the three phyla from which representative species were analyzed and the sterile forms had distinctive fatty acid profiles. Significant differences in fatty acid composition were also found at the intraspecific level. Both culture temperature and age affected fatty acid composition in the fungi examined, but when these factors were held constant, variance in fatty acid composition was not a problem and fungal fatty acid profiles could be differentiated statistically.
Working memory assessments at school entry as longitudinal predictors of National Curriculum attainment levels

A longitudinal study of 54 children aged between 4 and 7 years of age investigated whether measures of working memory skills taken shortly after school entry served as useful predictors of children’s attainment levels in National Curriculum assessments at Key Stage 1. Early working memory scores were found to be highly significant predictors of children’s subsequent levels of attainment in literacy, but not in mathematics. Compared with the local education authority baseline assessments also administered at 4 years of age that are designed in large part to predict later attainments, working memory scores accounted for unique variance in children’s spelling and writing scores at 7 years. These findings point to the utility of combining knowledge-based assessments with measures of fluid cognitive ability in order to obtain the best estimates of a child’s chances of future academic success.
The new evangelical social engagement

Table of Contents Acknowledgments Contributors Introduction: The New Evangelical Social Engagement Brian Steensland and Philip Goff Part One: Recent Evangelical Movements and Trends Chapter One - "FORMED": Emerging Evangelicals Navigate Two Transformations James S. Bielo Chapter Two - Whose Social Justice? Which Evangelicalism? Social Engagement in a Campus Ministry John Schmalzbauer Chapter Three - All Catholics Now? Spectres of Catholicism in Evangelical Social Engagement Omri Elisha Chapter Four - The New Monasticism Will Samson Chapter Five - "We Need a Revival": Young Evangelical Women Redefine Activism in New York City Adriane Bilous Chapter Six - New and Old Evangelical Public Engagement: A View from the Polls John C. Green Part Two: Areas of Evangelical Social Engagement Chapter Seven - Green Evangelicals Laurel Kearns Chapter Eight - The Rise of the Diversity Expert: How American Evangelicals Simultaneously Accentuate and Ignore Race Gerardo Marti and Michael O. Emerson Chapter Nine - Pro-Lifers of the Left: Progressive Evangelicals' Campaign Against Abortion Daniel K. Williams Chapter Ten - Global Reflex: International Evangelicals, Human Rights, and the New Shape of American Social Engagement David R. Swartz Chapter Eleven - Global Poverty and Evangelical Action Amy Reynolds and Stephen Offutt Part Three: Reflections on Evangelical Social Engagement Chapter Twelve - What's New about the New Evangelical Social Engagement? Joel Carpenter Chapter Thirteen - Evangelicals of the 1970s and 2010s: What's the Same, What's Different, and What's Urgent R. Stephen Warner Chapter Fourteen - We Need a New Reformation Glen Harold Stassen Index
Genetic algorithms with local search optimization for protein structure prediction problem

This paper presents a new Genetic Algorithm for Protein Structure Prediction problem in both 2D and 3D hydrophobic-hydrophilic lattice models, introduced in [1]. Our algorithm evolves a new local-search genetic operation (called Pull-Move and well described in [2]), into the standard GA1 ([3,4]). The experiments show that performing a set of Pull-Moves in addition to standard genetic operations in GA (such as crossover and mutation) leads to significant energy improvements. The paper also introduces the Global Energy as fitness function and explains the advantages of utilizing it rather than the standard Free Energy. The experimental results are even more impressive when using the Global Energy as fitness function in GA.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 80 Million Tiny Images: a Large Dataset for Non-parametric Object and Scene Recognition

— With the advent of the Internet, billions of images are now freely available online and constitute a dense sampling of the visual world. Using a variety of non-parametric methods, we explore this world with the aid of a large dataset of 79,302,017 images collected from the Web. Motivated by psychophysical results showing the remarkable tolerance of the human visual system to degradations in image resolution, the images in the dataset are stored as 32 × 32 color images. Each image is loosely labeled with one of the 75,062 non-abstract nouns in English, as listed in the Wordnet lexical database. Hence the image database gives a comprehensive coverage of all object categories and scenes. The semantic information from Wordnet can be used in conjunction with nearest-neighbor methods to perform object classification over a range of semantic levels minimizing the effects of labeling noise. For certain classes that are particularly prevalent in the dataset, such as people, we are able to demonstrate a recognition performance comparable to class-specific Viola-Jones style detectors.
Transmit power optimization for video transmission over slowly-varying Rayleigh-fading channels in CDMA systems

An optimum transmit power management scheme is proposed for wireless video service in code-division multiple-access systems. The scheme minimizes the transmit power subject to the constraint on the distortion resulted from the loss of each packet and the error propagation effect caused by the motion compensation. It implicitly controls the target bit-error rate (BER) of the video packet according to the importance of the packet. The more important the packet is, the more securely it is transmitted over noisy channel. Furthermore, the scheme adjusts the target BER as if the water filling concept is applied to the problem of minimizing the transmit power. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the conventional schemes.
A TASTE FOR THE NECESSARY

While American teenagers are often presumed to be uniformly ‘wired’, in reality, segments of the youth population lack high-quality, high-autonomy internet access. Taking a uniquely holistic approach that situates new media use within respondents’ larger lifeworlds, this study examines the effects of digital inequality on economically disadvantaged American youth. Analyzing primary survey and interview data, findings reveal the roles played by spatial‐temporal constraints and emotional costs in creating disparities in usage and skills among differently situated respondents. A close examination of the interview material discloses a dramatic divergence in the informational orientation or habitus internalized by respondents with more- and less-constrained internet access. Drawing on Bourdieu's concept of skholè, the work outlines the differences between the playful or exploratory stance adopted by those with high-quality internet access and the task-oriented stance assumed by those with low-quality internet access. Analysis reveals that those with low-autonomy, low-quality access enact a ‘taste for the necessary’ in their rationing of internet use to avoid what they perceive as ‘wasteful’ activities with no immediate payoff. The article closes with an eye to developing a theory of information habitus, a potentially invaluable concept in future research on digital inequality.
Millenary Mw > 9.0 earthquakes required by geodetic strain in the Himalaya

The Himalayan arc produced the largest known continental earthquake, the Mw ≈ 8.7 Assam earthquake of 1950, but how frequently and where else in the Himalaya such large‐magnitude earthquakes occur is not known. Paleoseismic evidence for coseismic ruptures at the front of the Himalaya with 15 to 30 m of slip suggests even larger events in medieval times, but this inference is debated. Here we estimate the frequency and magnitude of the largest earthquake in the Himalaya needed so that the moment released by seismicity balances the deficit of moment derived from measurements of geodetic strain. Assuming one third of the moment buildup is released aseismically and the earthquakes roughly follow a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution, we find that Mw > 9.0 events are needed with a confidence level of at least 60% and must return approximately once per 800 years on average.
Efficiency Analysis of Retail Chain Stores in Korea

In today’s low-growth business environment, efficiency management is becoming more important to improve corporate sustainability. In a chain store, the efficiency of individual stores must be well managed to improve the efficiency of the entire enterprise. To do this, it is important to measure the efficiency of individual stores and to find factors that affect efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the efficiency of chain stores and to analyze the results to find out the implications that contribute to an improvement in efficiency. We measured the relative efficiency of individual stores using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analyzed the factors that affect efficiency with the Tobit regression model. As a result, we found that the number of items per employee and a competitive environment influence the efficiency of stores. An excessive number of items may cause efficiency to be lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the life cycle of the product, considering the trade-off between assortment and efficiency. Competition helps to improve efficiency to some extent, but too much competition can reduce efficiency.
Downscaling at submicrometer scale of the gap width of interdigitated Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 capacitors

The goal of this work was to study the influence of shrinking the gap width between the fingers of interdigitated tunable capacitors (IDCs). Voltage control of the capacitance was achieved with a 500-nm-thick Ba0.5Sr0. 5TiO3 film which is in paraelectric state at room temperature. Eight devices with finger spacing ranging from 3 μm down to 0.25 μm were fabricated by the sol-gel deposition technique, electron beam patterning, and gold evaporation. The equivalent capacitance, quality factor, and tunability of the devices were measured subsequently by vector network analysis from 40 MHz to 40 GHz and for a dc bias voltage varying from -30 V to +30 V. This experimental study mainly shows that a decrease of the gap below 1 μm 1) introduces a frequency dependence of the capacitance caused by resonance effects with the finger inductance; 2) degrades the quality factor above 20 GHz, and 3) optimizes the tunability of the devices by enhancing the local electric field values. As a consequence, some trade-offs are pointed out related to the goal of ultra-thin ferroelectric film which can be voltage controlled by means of finger-shaped electrodes with deep submicrometer spacing.
A Wavelet-Based Descriptor for Handwritten Numeral Classification

In this work we propose descriptors for handwritten digit recognition based on multiresolution features by using the CDF 9/7 Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis, in order to improve the classification performance and obtain a strong reduction on the size of the digit representation. This allows for a higher precision in the recognizers and, at the same time, lower training costs, especially for large datasets. Experiments were carried out with the CENPARMI and MNIST databases, widely used in the literature for this kind of problems, combining classifiers of the Support Vector Machine type. The recognition rates are good, comparable to those reported in previous works.
Thought Experiments And Mental Simulations

There are two ways in which thought experiments could be mental simulations, depending on what kind of process is being simulated. Some thought experiments could be mental processes simulating non-mental processes; others could be mental processes simulating mental target processes. The second category would contain thought experiments which seek to acquaint us imaginatively with moral dilemmas, whether by engaging our reasoning or by replicating the epistemic conditions under which moral sentiments may be aroused. Such thought experiments could be called "mental-mental" simulations (mental source-processes, mental target-processes). Physical thought experiments, on the other hand, would be in the first category: they are conducted by means of processes (thoughts) which do not occur in their targets (external physical events), and could be termed "mental-physical" simulations. Keywords: mental simulations; mental source-processes; mental target-processes; moral thought experiments; physical thought experiments
The Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Nol11 Is Required for Optimal rDNA Transcription and Craniofacial Development in Xenopus

The production of ribosomes is ubiquitous and fundamental to life. As such, it is surprising that defects in ribosome biogenesis underlie a growing number of symptomatically distinct inherited disorders, collectively called ribosomopathies. We previously determined that the nucleolar protein, NOL11, is essential for optimal pre-rRNA transcription and processing in human tissue culture cells. However, the role of NOL11 in the development of a multicellular organism remains unknown. Here, we reveal a critical function for NOL11 in vertebrate ribosome biogenesis and craniofacial development. Nol11 is strongly expressed in the developing cranial neural crest (CNC) of both amphibians and mammals, and knockdown of Xenopus nol11 results in impaired pre-rRNA transcription and processing, increased apoptosis, and abnormal development of the craniofacial cartilages. Inhibition of p53 rescues this skeletal phenotype, but not the underlying ribosome biogenesis defect, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved control mechanism through which ribosome-impaired craniofacial cells are removed. Excessive activation of this mechanism impairs craniofacial development. Together, our findings reveal a novel requirement for Nol11 in craniofacial development, present the first frog model of a ribosomopathy, and provide further insight into the clinically important relationship between specific ribosome biogenesis proteins and craniofacial cell survival.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Marital Satisfaction: 10-Year Outcome of Partners from Three Different Economic Levels

Back ground Emotional communication and economic factors play an important role in having a satisfying relationship and a more successful marriage. In this regard, we investigated the 10-year outcome of partners from three different economic levels regarding the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and marital satisfaction. Objective The research was designed as a descriptive-correlative survey and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. Methods and Material Participants were 159 couples (N = 318) who were randomly selected through clustered sampling. The questionnaires included: Bar-on Emotional Intelligence (1997) and Enrich Marital satisfaction (1989). Results The findings revealed that the average values of emotional intelligence (m = 333.1) and marital satisfaction (m = 300.77) were high in the under-rich region (p<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between interpersonal and marital satisfaction within the under-rich region. On average, emotional intelligence accounted for 40.8% of marital satisfaction within those three regions (p<0.01). Conclusion The results of the regression analysis showed that general mood is the most effective factor changing marital satisfaction in the three studied regions (R2= 0.34), rich (R2= 0.42) and semi-rich (R2= 0.52) regions (p<0.01). The most influential factor changing marital satisfaction in the under-rich (R2= 0.28) region was found to be stress management (p<0.01).
Brain and effort: brain activation and effort-related working memory in healthy participants and patients with working memory deficits

Despite the interest in the neuroimaging of working memory, little is still known about the neurobiology of complex working memory in tasks that require simultaneous manipulation and storage of information. In addition to the central executive network, we assumed that the recently described salience network [involving the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)] might be of particular importance to working memory tasks that require complex, effortful processing. Method: Healthy participants (n = 26) and participants suffering from working memory problems related to the Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) (a specific form of periodic idiopathic hypersomnia; n = 18) participated in the study. Participants were further divided into a high- and low-capacity group, according to performance on a working memory task (listening span). In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants were administered the reading span complex working memory task tapping cognitive effort. Principal findings: The fMRI-derived blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal was modulated by (1) effort in both the central executive and the salience network and (2) capacity in the salience network in that high performers evidenced a weaker BOLD signal than low performers. In the salience network there was a dichotomy between the left and the right hemisphere; the right hemisphere elicited a steeper increase of the BOLD signal as a function of increasing effort. There was also a stronger functional connectivity within the central executive network because of increased task difficulty. Conclusion: The ability to allocate cognitive effort in complex working memory is contingent upon focused resources in the executive and in particular the salience network. Individual capacity during the complex working memory task is related to activity in the salience (but not the executive) network so that high-capacity participants evidence a lower signal and possibly hence a larger dynamic response.
High Incubation Temperature and Threonine Dietary Level Improve Ileum Response Against Post-Hatch Salmonella Enteritidis Inoculation in Broiler Chicks

This study assessed the effect of both embryonic thermal manipulation and dietary threonine level on the response of broilers inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, considering bacterial counts in the cecal contents, intestinal morphology, mucin and heat shock protein 70 gene expression, body weight and weight gain. Thermal manipulation was used from 11 days of incubation until hatch, defining three treatments: standard (37.7°C), continuous high temperature (38.7°C) and continuous low temperature (36.7°C). After hatch, chicks were distributed according to a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement (three temperatures and two threonine levels and one sham-inoculated control). At two days of age, all chicks were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis, except for the sham-inoculated control group. There was no interaction between the factors on any analyses. High temperature during incubation was able to reduce colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in the first days, reducing both Salmonella counts and the number of positive birds. It also increased mucin expression and decreased Hsp70 expression compared with other inoculated groups. High temperature during incubation and high threonine level act independently to reduce the negative effects associated to Salmonella Enteritidis infection on intestinal morphology and performance, with results similar to sham-inoculated birds. The findings open new perspectives for practical strategies towards the pre-harvest Salmonella control in the poultry industry.
Exploring storage class memory with key value stores

In the near future, new storage-class memory (SCM) technologies -- such as phase-change memory and memristors -- will radically change the nature of long-term storage. These devices will be cheap, non-volatile, byte addressable, and near DRAM density and speed. While SCM offers enormous opportunities, profiting from them will require new storage systems specifically designed for SCM's properties. This paper presents Echo, a persistent key-value storage system designed to leverage the advantages and address the challenges of SCM. The goals of Echo include high performance for both small and large data objects, recoverability after failure, and scalability on multicore systems. Echo achieves its goals through the use of a two-level memory design targeted for memory systems containing both DRAM and SCM, exploitation of SCM's byte addressability for fine-grained transactions in non-volatile memory, and the use of snapshot isolation for concurrency, consistency, and versioning. Our evaluation demonstrates that Echo's SCM-centric design achieves the durability guarantees of the best disk-based stores with the performance characteristics approaching the best in-memory key-value stores.
IGF2/H19 imprinting analysis of human germ cell tumors (GCTs) using the methylation‐sensitive single‐nucleotide primer extension method reflects the origin of GCTs in different stages of primordial germ cell development

Previous studies have demonstrated biallelic expression of the imprinted genes H19 and IGF2 and loss of DNA methylation of the SNRPN gene, indicating a common precursor cell of human germ cell tumors (GCTs), namely, the primordial germ cell (PGC). In this study, we applied the methylation‐sensitive single‐nucleotide primer extension (MS‐SNuPE) technique to the analysis of the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) in 55 GCTs from representative clinical and histologic subgroups. Most GCTs showed low methylation at the IGF2/H19 ICR. All 8 ovarian GCTs, 9 of 10 testicular seminomas, 7 of 10 testicular nonseminomas (all in adolescents/adults), 6 of 9 testicular yolk sac tumors (YSTs), and 12 of 14 nongonadal GCTs (all in infants/children) were hypomethylated. The highest methylation was observed in three childhood YSTs (boys) and 2 of 4 spermatocytic seminomas. The latter are derived from more advanced stages of germ‐cell development. The predominantly low methylation of most of the other GCTs correlates with studies that demonstrated erasure of the methylation imprint of the IGF2/H19 ICR during embryonal PGC migration and development. These findings suggest that the IGF2/H19 methylation status in GCTs might reflect preservation of the physiologic imprinting erasure in PGCs rather than a loss of imprinting in a sense that is accepted for somatic tumors. Furthermore, this study indicates that imprinting control mechanisms other than the proposed CTCF (CCCTC binding factor) boundary model regulate IGF2 expression during this stage of PGC development as well as in GCTs derived from PGC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.