Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depletion of apical transport proteins perturbs epithelial cyst formation and ciliogenesis

Epithelial cells are vital for maintaining the complex architecture and functions of organs in the body. Directed by cues from the extracellular matrix, cells polarize their surface into apical and basolateral domains, and connect by extensive cell-cell junctions to form tightly vowen epithelial layers. In fully polarized cells, primary cilia project from the apical surface. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells provide a model to study organization of cells as monolayers and also in 3D in cysts. In this study retrovirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) was used to generate a series of knockdowns (KDs) for proteins implicated in apical transport: annexin-13, caveolin-1, galectin-3, syntaxin-3, syntaxin-2 and VIP17 and/or MAL. Cyst cultures were then employed to study the effects of these KDs on epithelial morphogenesis. Depletion of these proteins by RNAi stalled the development of the apical lumen in cysts and resulted in impaired ciliogenesis. The most severe ciliary defects were observed in annexin-13 and syntaxin-3 KD cysts. Although the phenotypes demonstrate the robustness of the formation of the polarized membrane domains, they indicate the important role of apical membrane biogenesis in epithelial organization.
Self‐Reported Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Prediction and Classification of Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Longevity—A Prospective Investigation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study

Background The predictive value and improved risk classification of self‐reported cardiorespiratory fitness (SRCF), when added to traditional risk factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and longevity, are unknown. Methods and Results A total of 3843 males and 5093 females from the Copenhagen City Heart Study without CVD in 1991–1994 were analyzed using multivariate Cox hazards regression to assess the predictive value and survival benefit for CVD and all‐cause mortality from SRCF. The category‐free net reclassification improvement from SRCF was calculated at 15‐year follow‐up on CVD and all‐cause mortality. Overall, 1693 individuals died from CVD. In the fully adjusted Cox model, those reporting the same (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.32) and lower (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.62 to 2.24) SRCF than peers had an increased risk of CVD mortality, compared with individuals with higher SRCF. Compared with individuals with higher SRCF, those with the same and lower SRCF had 1.8 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5) and 5.1 (95% CI, 4.1 to 6.2) years lower life expectancy, respectively. Individuals with lower SRCF had a significantly increased risk of CVD mortality, compared with individuals with higher SRCF, within each strata of leisure time physical activity and self‐rated health, and SRCF significantly predicted CVD mortality independently of self‐rated health and walking pace. A net reclassification improvement of 30.5% (95% CI, 22.1% to 38.9%) for CVD mortality was found when adding SRCF to traditional risk factors. Comparable findings were found for all‐cause mortality. Conclusions SRCF has independent predictive value, is related to a considerable survival benefit, and improves risk classification when added to traditional risk factors of CVD and all‐cause mortality. SRCF might prove useful in improved risk stratification in primary prevention.
Reduction of the dispersion error in the triangular digital waveguide mesh using frequency warping

The digital waveguide mesh has been successfully used for simulation of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) wave propagation in musical instruments and acoustic spaces. Nevertheless, digital waveguide mesh algorithms suffer from dispersion which increases with frequency. In this letter, we show how the dispersion error of the triangular digital waveguide mesh can be reduced by frequency warping. By using this technique, the worst-case dispersion error of 0.6% is obtained, whereas in the original triangular mesh it is about 6.5%.
IMPACT OF COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND HOLOGRAPHIC REPROCESSING ON POSTTRAUMATIC SYMPTOMS IMPROVEMENT AMONGST IRANIAN STUDENTS

فده : رب كيفارگولوه ددجم شزادرپ و يتخانش شزادرپ ريثأت يسررب ،هعلاطم نيا فده شناد دوبهب سپ ميلاع ياراد نازومآ . تسا يبيسآ :شور هبش رضاح ةعلاطم حرط يـشيامزآ ار نآ يرامآ ةعماج و تسا شناد موس و مود ،لوا عطاقم رسپ نازومآ ناتسريبد رهـش ياـه يليصحت لاس رد هيمورا 90 89 ليكشت دنداد ) 10286 = N . ( شـسرپ يارـجا زا دعب ةـمان لابرغ بيسآ ثداوح يرگ نومزآ و از 90 ) مـيلاع تـسرهف يلاوئـس SCL-90 R يارـب ( كي ،رفن رازه 129 زا شيـب ةرـمن و بيـسآ ةـبرجت اـب رـفن 90 نوـمزآ رد SCL-90R اهنآ نيب زا و يياسانش 60 هورـگ هـس رد ينيلاب ةبحاصم زا دعب و باختنا فداصت هب رفن )يتخانش شزادرپ نامرد 20 = n كـيفارگولوه ددـجم شزادرـپ نامرد ،( ) 20 = n هورـگ و ( ) وبيسلاپ 20 = n سپ و شيپ لحارم رد هورگ هس ره . دنتفرگ ياج فداصت هب ( هـب نوـمزآ كچ اپ ناـكدوك بيسآ ميلاع تسيل هداد و هداد خـس زا هدافتـسا اـب هدـمآ تـسد هـب ياـه نومزآ .دش ليلحت ينورفنوب و اوكنام ياه هتفاي اه نوـمزآ يلك ةرمن رد هك داد ناشن جياتن : كچ سرتـسا للاتـخا ،يگدرـسفا ،بارطضا داعبا رد هژيو هب) ناكدوك بيسآ ميلاع تسيل رادانعم يرامآ توافت هورگ هس نيب (هيزجت و هحناس زا سپ . دراد دوجو هجيتن :يرـيگ رـب شور ،جياتن نيا ساسا شهاـك رد كـيفارگولوه ددـجم شزادرپ و يتخانش شزادرپ ياه هناشن شناد يتخانش بيسآ يلك ياه بيسآ نازومآ يـلو دندوب شخب رثا هزادنا كي هب هديد رـب كـيفارگولوه ددـجم شزادرـپ و بيـسآ اـب طبترـم يگدرـسفا رـب يتخانـش شزادرپ لاتخا ،بارطضا . دنتشاد يرتشيب رثا بيسآ اب طبترم ةيزجت و هحناس زا سپ سرتسا ل
End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Where are we now?

A growing body of evidence and experience has effaced what were once thought to be clear distinctions between “critical illness” and “terminal illness” and has exposed the problems of postponing palliative care for intensive care patients until death is obviously imminent. Integration of palliative care as a component of comprehensive intensive care is now seen as more appropriate for all critically ill patients, including those pursuing aggressive treatments to prolong life. At present, however, data on which to base practice in this integrated model remain insufficient, and forces of the healthcare economy and other factors may constrain its application. The purpose of this article is to map where we are now in seeking to improve palliative care in the intensive care unit. We review existing evidence, which suggests that both symptom management and communication about preferences and goals of care warrant improvement and that prevailing practices for limitation of life-sustaining treatments are inconsistent and possibly irrational. We also address the need for assessment tools for research and quality improvement. We discuss recent initiatives and ongoing obstacles. Finally, we identify areas for further exploration and suggest guiding principles.
Scenario-based requirements engineering

We explain the concepts and process of scenario based requirements engineering. Definitions of scenarios are reviewed, with their informal and more formal representations, and roles in the requirements process. The relationships between scenarios, specifications and prototypes is explored, and set in the perspective of human reasoning about requirements. Methods for scenario based RE are described and one method, SCRAM, is covered in more depth. We conclude with a look forward to the future of scenario based RE and research directions.
Energy from waste: a possible alternative energy source for large size municipalities

The net calorific values and weight composition of solid waste from all the major municipalities of the island of Cyprus were measured. Representative waste samples were collected, processed and tested for energy generation over a complete year. The energy values appear to vary from city to city depending on the season. The total energy that could be recovered from the waste amounted to approximately 8.5% of the total electricity generation of the island of Cyprus.
The saturation of spending diversity and the truth about Mr Brown and Mrs Jones

Several cross country studies show that rising household income leads to consumption spending being spread more evenly across different spending categories(Clements et al., 2006). We argue that this result is likely due to aggregation. Using more disaggregated UK household level spending data, we show that the spending diversity of households only rises up to a certain income level and then starts to decline as households con­ centrate more of their spending on particular expenditure categories that differ across households. It is precisely because of this growing heterogeneity on the household level that the average spending diversity of the population can nevertheless always rise in income. We build a model to capture this observed pattern and use it to show how the welfare judgements derived from studying a representative household become relatively more inaccurate when household income rises. JEL classification: D12, C14, O33.
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fractions from kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia Kola in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus rats

In the search for natural hypoglycaemic agents as alternatives to synthetic ones that are expensive and not easily accessible, and to justify the use of Garcinia kola seeds in traditional African medicine to treat diabetes, the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fractions from kolaviron (KV) (a Garcinia kola seed extract) were investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic rats. KV, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seed, was separated by thin‐layer chromatography into three fractions; Fraction I (FI), Fraction II (FII) and Fraction III (FIII) with RF values of 0.48, 0.71 and 0.76, respectively. In normoglycaemic rats, KV, FI and FII administered at a dose of 100 mg kg−1 body weight elicited significant (P < 0.05) hypoglycaemic activity within 4 h of oral administration. Precisely, KV, FI and FII decreased blood glucose levels of normoglycaemic rats by 66%, 50% and 61%, respectively, when compared with controls 30 min after oral administration of the extracts. In hyperglycaemic rats, KV, FI and FII significantly (P < 0.05) reduced blood sugar levels in STZ‐diabetic rats within 4 h of oral administration. Furthermore, KV alone produced a significant (P < 0.05) anti‐diabetic effect from day 3 to day 7 of oral intubation of STZ‐diabetic rats. In addition, the extracts showed favourable effect on the plasma lipid profile of STZ‐diabetic rats, and also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the STZ‐induced increase in the activity of microsomal glucose‐6‐phosphatase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products. This study confirms the anti‐diabetic and hypo‐lipidaemic effects of KV in STZ‐diabetic rats. These observed effects of KV are attributed to two of its fractions, FI and FII, with RF values of 0.48 and 0.71, respectively.
THE MOVING BLOCKS BOOTSTRAP FOR PANEL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WITH INDIVIDUAL FIXED EFFECTS

In this paper we propose a bootstrap method for panel data linear regression models with individual fixed effects. The method consists of applying the standard moving blocks bootstrap of Künsch (1989, Annals of Statistics 17, 1217–1241) and Liu and Singh (1992, in R. LePage & L. Billiard (eds.), Exploring the Limits of the Bootstrap) to the vector containing all the individual observations at each point in time. We show that this bootstrap is robust to serial and cross-sectional dependence of unknown form under the assumption that n (the cross-sectional dimension) is an arbitrary nondecreasing function of T (the time series dimension), where T → ∞, thus allowing for the possibility that both n and T diverge to infinity. The time series dependence is assumed to be weak (of the mixing type), but we allow the cross-sectional dependence to be either strong or weak (including the case where it is absent). Under appropriate conditions, we show that the fixed effects estimator (and also its bootstrap analogue) has a convergence rate that depends on the degree of cross-section dependence in the panel. Despite this, the same studentized test statistics can be computed without reference to the degree of cross-section dependence. Our simulation results show that the moving blocks bootstrap percentile-t intervals have very good coverage properties even when the degree of serial and cross-sectional correlation is large, provided the block size is appropriately chosen.
A simple multi‐directional absorbing layer method to simulate elastic wave propagation in unbounded domains

The numerical analysis of elastic wave propagation in unbounded media may be difficult due to spurious waves reflected at the model artificial boundaries. This point is critical for the analysis of wave propagation in heterogeneous or layered solids. Various techniques such as Absorbing Boundary Conditions, infinite elements or Absorbing Boundary Layers (e.g. Perfectly Matched Layers) lead to an important reduction of such spurious reflections. In this paper, a simple absorbing layer method is proposed: it is based on a Rayleigh/Caughey damping formulation which is often already available in existing Finite Element softwares. The principle of the Caughey Absorbing Layer Method is first presented (including a rheological interpretation). The efficiency of the method is then shown through 1D Finite Element simulations considering homogeneous and heterogeneous damping in the absorbing layer. 2D models are considered afterwards to assess the efficiency of the absorbing layer method for various wave types and incidences. A comparison with the PML method is first performed for pure P‐waves and the method is shown to be reliable in a more complex 2D case involving various wave types and incidences. It may thus be used for various types of problems involving elastic waves (e.g. machine vibrations, seismic waves, etc.). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study on boys’ and girls’ career aspirations and interest in technology

Background: More young people, boys and girls, are needed in technical studies and professions, as the relative number of students in technology-related studies has been decreasing in most industrialised countries. To overcome this decrease several countries implemented mandatory technology classes in the curriculum of secondary education. Purpose: This study has two goals: exploring the evolution of pupils’ interest during the year(s) they attend the mandatory technology classes and exploring determining characteristics for differences in boys’ and girls’ attitude change over time. Sample: This study focuses on data gathered in the first and second grade of the first cycle in general secondary education in the North region of Belgium, Flanders. In a first stage we selected a good representation of geographically spread schools (n = 20), from which over 1300 students participated. Design and methods: A longitudinal study with eight measurement occasions spread over the course of two years is presented in order to capture the evolution of students’ attitudes, making use of a multilevel growth model analysis. Results: The results show that students’ interest in technology decreases over time, although at the end of each grade interest is increasing again. Boys’ and girls’ interest in technology also evolves a little different in the first cycle of secondary education. For career aspirations we didn’t see any significant difference between boys and girls. Boys’ and girls’ aspirations decrease over time with a little increase by the end of the second grade. Students with a more technological curriculum also have more career aspirations in the field of technology than their peers with other curricula. Although students’ perceptions about technology as a subject for boys and girls are largely stable. Conclusions: The evolution of students’ attitude is far from linear, this strengthens us in the choice for a more complex analysis model and the choice for more measuring points than only at the beginning and the end when analysing students’ attitudes towards technology. With this research we found that students interest and aspirations in the field of technology are not stable and do change in the first cycle of secondary education. Overall, we can conclude that if the goal of technology education at school maintains to promote ‘a larger number of students in technological oriented studies and professions’, there is still much to do.
Comparison of insect communities between adjacent headwater and main-stem streams in urban and rural watersheds

Abstract Watershed urbanization decreases diversity and taxonomic richness of aquatic insect communities, and headwater streams are particularly susceptible to degradation from urbanization. Patterns of taxon loss between urban headwater communities and communities in adjacent downstream, higher-order reaches might indicate which processes are controlling taxon loss and the extent to which unique headwater taxa are lost after urbanization. We compared insect communities in urban and rural watersheds and investigated if community similarity between headwater streams and adjacent higher-order main-stem reaches was greater in urban than in rural watersheds. We sampled insect communities in 3 urban and 3 rural watersheds in Maryland's Piedmont region during 3 seasons. Mean taxonomic richness was 4.3× greater and the Shannon diversity index was 1.8× greater in rural than in urban headwater streams. Simpson's index was 1.9× greater in urban than in rural headwater streams. The Jaccard similarity index calculated between headwater and main-stem communities was 1.6× greater for urban sites than rural sites during autumn, and the proportion of headwater taxa shared with the main-stem community was 1.8× greater for urban than rural sites. Redundancy analysis also indicated significantly greater similarity between urban headwater and main-stem communities than between rural headwater and main-stem communities. As expected, urbanization decreased diversity, and the communities remaining in urban headwaters were mostly subsets of the communities in the main-stem streams. This result suggested that taxa unique to headwaters were at the greatest risk of local extirpation after watershed urbanization. A significant interactive effect of landuse type and the longitudinal position of a reach along the headwater on taxonomic richness and the Jaccard index suggested that patterns of taxon loss partially depended on the proximity of a headwater reach to the main-stem stream. Overall, the results suggested that water- and habitat-quality degradation were not the only effects of watershed urbanization that determined the composition of insect communities in urban headwaters.
Öğretmen Ve Öğretmen Adaylarının Eğitim Felsefeleri

The underlying philosophy of the preparation and implementation of educational programs objectives, content and status of the application changes. With its own philosophy of education or profession because teachers do not make philosophical inquiry, no matter how well prepared, education and training programs will not be successful. This study determines that; primary school teachers and primary school teachers' educational philosophies and some of the variables was carried out to test whether there is a significant difference between the educational philosophies. The study is a descriptive study. The data were collected from two different samples, one composed of 240 teacher, the other composed of 236 teacher candidate. “Philosophy Preference Assesment” scale which was developed by Willes&Bondi (1989:52) was used to ases educational philosophies. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of . 83 was measured as teacher group. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of . 79 was measured as candidate group. Primary school teachers and teachers' observations of currents that flow is the highest arithmetic average Experimentalizm. Streams structured than the arithmetic averages of the free movements ranked towards what appears to be close to each other. The differences between the philosophical currents observed smaller than 80%. Teachers and student teachers are considered along with the change invariance. Teachers and student teachers do not prefer any of the philosophies of education. In addition, they may have an eclectic philosophy. As a result, there has their own philosophical conceptions. Male teachers and student teachers are conservative; also religious and cultural values are important to them. Female teachers and student teachers, student-centered. In this context, gender is an important variable. In addition, the candidates of Turkish teachers do not have educational philosophies.
Plasma Hepatitis C Virus Viral Load Among Hepatitis C Virus Mono-Infected and HCV/HIV Co-Infected Individuals in Yunnan Province,China

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection has become a serious public health problem especially in high risk groups such as injection drug users in China. However, the impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HCV viral load which is usually regarded as a predictor of liver disease progress had not been well studied in this country. Objectives To explore correlations of HIV co-infection and ART with plasma HCV load among HCV-infected patients in an ethnic minority area in Yunnan Province, China. Patients and Methods HCV/HIV co-infected patients and HCV mono-infected controls were examined and compared for plasma HCV RNA and related risk factors. Results A total of 145 HCV/HIV co-infected patients and 25 HCV mono-infected controls were studied. The majority of the participants were male, belonged to an ethnic minority and were younger than 45 years old. HCV viral suppression rate with undetectable plasma HCV viral load was 28.3% in the HCV/HIV co-infected patients, 36% among HCV mono-infected controls and 29.4% overall. ART-prescribed HCV/HIV co-infected patients had significantly higher HCV viral loads (IQR: (3.80-6.44)*log10 copies ml-1) than those naïve to ART (IQR: (undetectable-6.41)*log10 copies ml-1) and HCV mono-infected patients (IQR: (undetectable-5.44)*log10 copies ml-1). Men, from the Dai minority and those with more than six years education, were also shown to have a higher plasma HCV viral load,according to multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions ART potentially increases the plasma HCV viral load among HCV/HIV coinfected patients in an ethnic minority area in China. Future large scale prospective cohort studies are needed to address the controversy associated between HIV co-infection and the natural history of HCV.