Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and Nonsurgical Correction of the Tear Trough Deformity

Summary: The development of dark circles under the eyes is one of the early signs of periorbital aging, lending a fatigued and aged appearance to the face. Loeb, in 1961, used the term “nasojugal groove” to describe the concavity at the border of the eyelid and the cheek medially. Flowers, in 1969, first named this groove the “tear trough. ” In the present article, the author presents a detailed description of the anatomy and nonsurgical correction of this deformity. Nonsurgical correction of the tear trough deformity with hyaluronic acid is effective and safe and is associated with high patient satisfaction. The procedure offers both an adjunct to surgery and an alternative to it in some patients. It also provides an opportunity for global midfacial volume correction. Careful patient selection and attention to technique will minimize side effects.
Differential Developmental Profiles of Adolescents Using Sexually Explicit Internet Material

This study used a person-centered approach to examine whether different developmental trajectories of boys’ and girls’ use of sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) exist, which factors predict these trajectories, and whether sexual behavior develops differently for adolescents in these trajectories. A combination of latent class growth analysis on SEIM use and latent growth curve analysis on sexual behavior was used on four-wave longitudinal data of 787 eighth through tenth grade Dutch adolescents. Among boys, four SEIM use trajectories were identified, which were labeled Nonuse/Infrequent Use, Strongly Increasing Use, Occasional Use, and Decreasing Use. Among girls, a large Stable Nonuse/Infrequent Use and smaller Strongly Increasing Use and Stable Occasional Use trajectories were distinguished. Higher initial levels and/or stronger increases in SEIM use were predicted by demographic, social contextual, personal, and media use characteristics, including a stronger sexual interest, a higher degree of perceived realism regarding sexualized Internet content, and more permissive sexual attitudes. Moreover, initial levels of and, to some extent, developmental changes in sexual behavior varied for boys and girls in the different SEIM use trajectories. Whereas some adolescents showed concurrent low levels, or parallel strong increases in SEIM use and sexual behavior, a subgroup of boys decreased their SEIM use while increasing their sexual behavior.
Fast Bilinear SfM with Side Information

We study the beneficial effect of side information on the Structure from Motion (SfM) estimation problem. The side information that we consider is measurement of a 'reference vector' and distance from fixed plane perpendicular to that reference vector. Firstly, we show that in the presence of this information, the SfM equations can be rewritten similar to a bilinear form in its unknowns. Secondly, we describe a fast iterative estimation procedure to recover the structure of both stationary scenes and moving objects that capitalizes on this information. We also provide a refinement procedure in order to tackle incomplete or noisy side information. We characterize the algorithm with respect to its reconstruction accuracy, memory requirements and stability. Finally, we describe two classes of commonly occurring real-world scenarios in which this algorithm will be effective: (a) presence of a dominant ground plane in the scene and (b) presence of an inertial measurement unit on board. Experiments using both real data and rigorous simulations show the efficacy of the algorithm.
There is no slowing of motility speed with increased body size in rat, human, horse and rhinoceros independent on temperature and skeletal muscle myosin isoform

Aim: The predictions of scaling of skeletal muscle shortening velocity made by A.V. Hill 60‐years ago have proven to be remarkably accurate at the cellular level. The current investigation looks to extend the study of scaling of contractile speed to the level of the molecular motor protein myosin at both physiological and unphysiological low temperatures.
Electrocorticography for Seizure Foci Mapping in Epilepsy Surgery

Summary: Patients with refractory focal epilepsy are thoroughly evaluated to identify an area of cortex that, if removed or disconnected, will lead to seizure freedom. Clinical semiology, neuroimaging, and scalp electroencephalogram provide an approximation of this area, whereas intracranial recording may permit a more precise localization and investigation of a selected cortical area. Intraoperative electrocorticography delineates the irritative zone, and subdural electrode implantation also permits cortical stimulation of eloquent areas. Intraoperative electrocorticography rarely captures spontaneous seizures and may be influenced by the effect of anesthetic drugs, and the correlation between complete resection of the irritative zone and postsurgical seizure outcome is unclear. Extraoperative monitoring is often superior to intraoperative electrocorticography but may also be associated with more risk of adverse events. Further development of ultrahigh-density electrode arrays is providing novel insights into the role of microseizures and high-frequency oscillations on ictogenesis and epileptogenesis.
Evaluating talking heads for smart home systems

In this paper we report the results of a user study evaluating talking heads in the smart home domain. Three noncommercial talking head components are linked to two freely available speech synthesis systems, resulting in six different combinations. The influence of head and voice components on overall quality is analyzed as well as the correlation between them. Three different ways to assess overall quality are presented. It is shown that these three are consistent in their results. Another important result is that in this design speech and visual quality are independent of each other. Furthermore, a linear combination of both quality aspects models overall quality of talking heads to a good degree.
Warm-sensitive afferent splanchnic C-fiber units in vitro.

Receptive fields of 41 slowly conducting sensory fibers were located using a thermal (warm) search stimulus in an in vitro splanchnic nerve-mesentery preparation. Warm-sensitive receptive fields were punctate and were densest in the region surrounding the prevertebral ganglia, an area with prominent deposits of brown adipose tissue, where the abdominal aorta branches into the major trunks supplying the abdominal viscera. Impulse activity was recorded while applying a warm stimulus to identified receptive fields (RFs). The warm stimulus consisted of a warming ramp (10-15 degrees C in 1-2 s to a 42-49 degrees C peak temperature) followed by a 10- to 30-s period during which the RF was maintained at this peak temperature (plateau phase). Eighty percent (33/41) of warm-sensitive units responded to warming with discharge comprising both a phasic and a tonic component (slowly adapting warm-sensitive, or SA-W, units). The remainder (8/41) responded with only phasic discharge (rapidly adapting warm-sensitive, or RA-W, units). Units' adaptation characteristics were consistent from trial to trial and when applying stimuli from different positions. Fifty percent of SA-W units (8/16) and 17% of RA-W units (1/6) were activated by transient exposure to 9-90 nM bradykinin (BK). Twenty-seven percent (9/33) of SA-W units and 12% (1/8) of RA-W units were activated by probing their RF with von Frey hairs with bending forces < 10 mN (approximately 1 g equivalent mass). An additional five SA-W units tested were activated by strong mechanical stimuli (compression with a metal probe or firm stretching). No BK-responsive warm-sensitive units were activated by von Frey probing < 10 mN, but two (both SA-W) responded to strong mechanical stimuli. In six SA-W units and one RA-W unit, the number of impulses evoked by warming approximately 5 min after exposure to BK was > 2 SD greater than the mean pre-BK response, indicating sensitization. This sensitization was transient, the response to warming returning to within one standard deviation of the pretrial mean or less over the course of the next 5-10 min. Changes in background activity, mechanical sensitivity, BK sensitivity, and BK-induced sensitization were noted in various splanchnic units over the course of prolonged observations, suggesting that these indices may not reliably distinguish unit type, but instead may indicate the functional state of the sense organ. Splanchnic neurons responsive to the intense warming used in the present in vitro experiments may participate in the cardiovascular responses observed in vivo in heat-stressed rats. The dense distribution of warm-receptive fields in the vicinity of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglionic complex is consistent with the localization of splanchnic thermosensitive units previously noted in vivo in the rabbit.
NIRSA Members' Perceptions of Organizational Effectiveness

This study assessed National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) members' perceptions of effectiveness in a sport association. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which professional members of the NIRSA perceive it to be effective in achieving its stated and operative goals. A stratified systematic sample of professional NIRSA members (N = 600) was selected to complete the survey. The survey was sent to NIRSA members who had 1 through 4 years of membership, 5 through 9 years of membership, and 10 or more years of membership in the association. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare perceptions of organizational effectiveness among the membership groups. No significant differences were found between the three membership groups and satisfaction. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between stated and operative goal effectiveness and satisfaction. Significant relationships were confirmed between satisfaction and several stated and operative goal factors.
Retinol binding protein-4 levels and clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients.

CONTEXT Retinol binding protein (RBP)-4 is a recently identified adipocytokine that is associated with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic patients. The effect on RBP4 of the addition of pioglitazone to other diabetic medications was also examined. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, INTERVENTION, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: RBP4 levels were measured in 101 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and in 22 nonhospitalized control subjects. Endothelial function was evaluated using flow-mediated vasodilatation. In a further 22 nonhospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone (30 mg/d) was administered for 12 wk while other medications for diabetes were continued. RESULTS There was a significant elevation of RBP4 levels in diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects. RBP4 showed significant positive correlations with triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and log urinary albumin excretion, and significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and flow-mediated vasodilatation. In stepwise regression analysis, log urinary albumin excretion, triglyceride, and gender showed a significant association with RBP4. RBP4 was significantly elevated in patients with proliferative-diabetic retinopathy compared with nondiabetic retinopathy and simple-diabetic retinopathy patients. The addition of pioglitazone for 12 wk to other diabetic medications the patients were already taking did not affect the serum RBP4 concentration. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that RBP4 is associated with variables related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications. The addition of pioglitazone for 12 wk to other diabetic medications the patients were already taking did not affect serum RBP4 levels.
Serial Daptomycin Selection Generates Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains with a Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Phenotype

ABSTRACT In order to better understand the mechanism of daptomycin resistance, we generated a daptomycin-nonsusceptible derivative strain, strain 10*3d1 (MIC = 3.0 μg/ml), by in vitro exposure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain N315ΔIP (MIC = 0.5 μg/ml) to daptomycin. We also obtained a daptomycin-susceptible phenotypic revertant strain, strain 10*3d1-10 (MIC = 1.0 μg/ml), by passaging 10*3d1 in drug-free medium for 10 days. The resultant triple-isogenic strains were analyzed for their phenotypes and gene expression by microarray analysis. No significant differences in the membrane fluidities of 10*3d1 and 10*3d1-10 compared to the membrane fluidity of N315ΔIP were observed. Resistant strain 10*3d1 had the highest membrane potential, followed by strains 10*3d1-10 and N315ΔIP. The vancomycin and teicoplanin MICs also increased. Teichoic acid genes (tagA, tagG), mprF encoding lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, and cls encoding cardiolipin synthase were downregulated in 10*3d1 and 10*3d1-10. The vraF and vraG genes, which encode ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, were upregulated in 10*3d1. The vraSR two-component regulatory system was upregulated, and electron microscopy revealed that the cell wall of 10*3d1 was significantly thicker than that of the parental strain. Taken together, daptomycin exposure selected a daptomycin-nonsusceptible strain with a phenotype similar to that of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and a transcription profile that partially overlapped that of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus.
Leveraged Bubbles

What risks do asset price bubbles pose for the economy? This paper studies bubbles in housing and equity markets in 17 countries over the past 140 years. History shows that not all bubbles are alike. Some have enormous costs for the economy, while others blow over. We demonstrate that what makes some bubbles more dangerous than others is credit. When fueled by credit booms, asset price bubbles increase financial crisis risks; upon collapse they tend to be followed by deeper recessions and slower recoveries. Credit-financed housing price bubbles have emerged as a particularly dangerous phenomenon.
Palmitoylation of Caveolin-1 at a Single Site (Cys-156) Controls Its Coupling to the c-Src Tyrosine Kinase

Caveolin-1 was initially identified as a phosphoprotein in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Previous studies have shown that caveolin-1 is phosphorylated on tyrosine 14 by c-Src and that lipid modification of c-Src is required for this phosphorylation event to occur in vivo. Phosphocaveolin-1 (Tyr(P)-14) localizes within caveolae near focal adhesions and, through its interaction with Grb7, augments anchorage-independent growth and epidermal growth factor-stimulated cell migration. However, the cellular factors that govern the coupling of caveolin-1 to the c-Src tyrosine kinase remain largely unknown. Here, we show that palmitoylation of caveolin-1 at a single site (Cys-156) is required for coupling caveolin-1 to the c-Src tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, upon evaluating a battery of nonreceptor and receptor tyrosine kinases, we demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 by c-Src is a highly selective event. We show that Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 can be inhibited or uncoupled by targeting dually acylated proteins (namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CD36, and the NH2-terminal domain of Gαi1) to the exoplasmic, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic regions of the caveolae membrane, respectively. Conversely, when these proteins are not properly targeted or lipid-modified, the ability of c-Src to phosphorylate caveolin-1 remains unaffected. In addition, when purified caveolae preparations are preincubated with a myristoylated peptide derived from the extreme N terminus of c-Src, the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 is abrogated; the same peptide lacking myristoylation has no inhibitory activity. However, an analogous myristoylated peptide derived from c-Yes also has no inhibitory activity. Thus, the inhibitory effects of the myristoylated c-Src peptide are both myristoylation-dependent and sequence-specific. Finally, we investigated whether phosphocaveolin-1 (Tyr(P)-14) interacts with the Src homology 2 and/or phosphotyrosine binding domains of Grb7, the only characterized downstream mediator of its function. Taken together, our data identify a series of novel lipid-lipid-based interactions as important regulatory factors for coupling caveolin-1 to the c-Src tyrosine kinase in vivo.
[Bipolar disorders and metabolic syndrome: a clinical study in 185 patients].

AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Italian patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and to determine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of MetS in this patient population. METHODS 185 subjects with BD I, II, NAS, cyclothymic disorder and schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype were included. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, lifestyle information (alcohol and smoking habits and rate of physical exercise) and comorbidity for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were collected. Patients were assessed for MetS according to American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. RESULTS MetS was present in 27.9% of the sample. Abdominal obesity was present in 48.9%, hypertension in 53.8%, high triglycerides in 36.6%, low HDL-C levels in 33.3% and fasting hyperglycemia in 11.5% of the sample. Of the investigated variables, age, duration of illness, rate of obesity and cardiovascular disease were higher in patients with MetS. MetS was also associated with the absence of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS MetS is highly prevalent in Italian patients with BD. Our 27.9% prevalence rate is similar to the rates reported in other European studies and lower than that in US studies. Elderly and obese patients with BD are at particularly high risk for MetS. The absence of physical exercise is also associated to MetS.
Intergenerational linkages in the family : The organization of caring and financial responsibilities : Summary of results

This report summarizes the main results achieved by the Work Package 7: “Intergenerational linkages in the family: The organization of caring and financial responsibilities”. The general objective of this work package was to investigate how policy contexts shape the organization of caring and financial responsibilities for young and old family members, and consequently family well-being. Caring pertains to practical help, personal care, and emotional assistance. Indicators of family well-being are the psychological and physical health, functioning, and financial well-being of its members. To achieve this general objective, we focused on five specific objectives. We studied: (1) conditions under which co-residence is a preferred or a defaults living arrangement; (2) transfers “up” and “down” family lines and their implications for family well-being; (3) norms of family obligation and actual giving and receipt of financial support and care; (4) implications of different policy arrangements for inequalities in and between families; and (5) the effect of recent economic crisis on intergenerational dependencies. The outlined research projects were executed comparing different European countries with special emphasis on Eastern European countries.
Can Traders Beat the Market ? Evidence from Insider Trades

Using the comprehensive trading data for the U.S. corporate insiders between 1993 and 2008, we document robust evidence that insiders as a whole achieve transaction prices superior to the volume-weighted average prices. This outperformance, expressed as a positive trading alpha, remains after we control for trade di¢ culty, insider reputation and the corporate role ranks of insiders. Upon analyzing the time series patterns of portfolio returns to strategies of mimicking corporate insiders with abnormal trading alphas in the extreme quartiles, we conclude that the outperforming insiders at the aggregate level resemble value investors who act on long-term fundamental information, trade patiently and earn rents from providing liquidity. Moreover, outside investors bene t from mimicking the acts of outperforming insiders in real time. The sizeable pro t from this mimicking strategy withstands the erosion from adjustments for standard factors in the asset pricing literature and the adjustment for stock characteristics. JEL Classi cations: G10, G14
Early luteal phase administration of mifepristone inhibits preimplantation embryo development and viability in the rhesus monkey.

It is generally believed that progesterone is essential for inducing the changes in oviduct and uterus necessary for embryo viability and implantation in a number of mammalian species. The aim of this study was, in the rhesus monkey, to examine in conception cycles with and without early luteal phase antiprogestin (mifepristone; RU 486) treatment: (i) the growth status of preimplantation embryos and (ii) the implantation ability of the preimplantation embryo after transfer to a synchronous-cycle surrogate recipient. A total of 43 proven fertile rhesus monkeys were randomly placed in the control (group 1, n = 18) and mifepristone (group 2, n = 25) groups. All monkeys cohabited with proven fertile male monkeys on cycle days 8-16 and were injected with vehicle alone [benzyl benzoate:olive oil, 1:4 (v/v), s.c. ] for group 1 and with mifepristone (2 mg/kg body weight s.c.) for group 2, on day 2 after the presumed day of ovulation. A total of 12 preimplantation embryos [premorula (n = 1), morula (n = 2), zona-encased (n = 7) and zona-free (n = 1) blastocysts and degenerate embryos (n = 1)] were recovered from 17 ovulatory, mated cycles in group 1 on day 6 after ovulation. In group 2, of the 23 ovulated cycles, 12 preimplantation embryos [premorula (n = 2), morula (n = 7), zona-encased blastocyst (n = 1), and degenerate embryos (n = 2)] were retrieved. Despite no significant difference in the recovery rate between the two groups, early luteal phase RU 486 exposure induced delay (P < 0.01) in preimplantation embryo growth, primarily at the morula-blastocyst transition stage. Nine of the embryos from group 1 and seven of the embryos from group 2 recovered on day 6 were transferred to naturally synchronized, non-mated and untreated surrogate recipients. In group 1, five embryos implanted (55%) and, of these, three (60%) gave rise to live infants through natural delivery; implantation was assessed from extension of the cycle (i.e. no menstrual bleeding) and rise in concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone from day 10 of conception; rectal palpation was performed on cycle day 50 to confirm clinical pregnancy. In group 2, however, there was not a single case of establishment of pregnancy following transfer of embryos retrieved from mifepristone-exposed monkeys. Thus, preimplantation embryos recovered from RU 486-exposed monkeys failed to establish evolutive implantation and pregnancy, while significant (P < 0.02) success was observed in transfers of embryos from the control group. We postulate that progesterone-mediated actions are involved in mediating the growth and viability of preimplantation-stage embryos in the rhesus monkey.