Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Anti-60 kDa Heat Shock Protein and Anti-Cholesterol Antibodies to Cardiovascular Events

Background—Several recent studies have indicated an association between key inflammatory mediators and atherosclerotic diseases. We evaluated whether high levels of antibodies against heat shock proteins and cholesterol (ACHA) predicted cardiovascular (CV) events. Methods and Results—We used blood samples from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study to conduct a nested case-control study of 386 cases with CV events and 386 age- and sex-matched HOPE study controls without events. We explored the relationship between anti-hsp antibodies, ACHA, and subsequent outcomes (incident myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death) during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years using conditional logistic regression. High levels of anti-hsp65 antibodies (≥90th percentile) predicted CV events (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.9, P =0.01). Anti-hsp60 antibodies did not predict any event type, whereas incident stroke developed significantly less frequently in patients with high ACHA levels. Anti-hsp antibodies and ACHA did not correlate with inflammatory (fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1) or infectious markers (C pneumoniae or cytomegalovirus antibodies). Anti-hsp65 antibodies (≥90th percentile) and fibrinogen (highest tertile) had a strong joint effect: patients with high concentrations of both had more CV events (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 17.5, P =0.004) than patients with low levels of both. A similar joint effect (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.7, P =0.01) was found for high levels of anti-hsp65 and presence of cytomegalovirus antibodies. Conclusions—Serum antibodies to hsp65 were associated with subsequent CV events in this study of high-risk patients, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and other inflammatory markers.
Arterial calcifications seen on mammograms: cardiovascular risk factors, pregnancy, and lactation.

PURPOSE To retrospectively assess if mammographic calcium deposits are related to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and reproductive factors in a subset of women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional review board of the University Medical Center Utrecht; informed consent was obtained. Mammograms were evaluated by two radiologists for the presence of breast arterial calcifications (BAC) in the Prospect cohort, a breast cancer screening population of women aged 49-70 years (mean, 57 years) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Cardiovascular risk factors and reproductive factors were examined for independent effects on the prevalence of BAC. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS BAC was present in 194 of 1699 (11%) women and increased with age to 20% in the highest quartile of age (mean, 66 years). The odds ratio was 4.7 in the highest versus the lowest quartile of age (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9, 7.6). After adjustment for age, no significant association was found between BAC and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Current smoking was inversely related to BAC (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9). BAC was prevalent in 2.5% of nulliparous women, in 9% of women with one or two children, and in 17% of women with three or more children (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% CI: 2.9, 18.0). Breast feeding after pregnancy was significantly associated with BAC in women who ever were pregnant (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6). CONCLUSION Calcifications in arteries on mammograms are associated with increasing age, pregnancy, and lactation but not with various cardiovascular risk factors.
How to Become a Patent Translator: Tricks and Tips – Notions of Text Genre and Ceremony to the Rescue

Avant d’entreprendre la traduction de brevets et d’abreges de brevets, les traducteurs, qui ne peuvent se dire experts d’un domaine specifique, doivent tenir compte du contexte de production des genres textuels ainsi que des intentions communicatives, afin de s’assurer que le sens est rendu de facon acceptable (compte tenu de la ceremonie), de facon a ne choquer personne ni denaturer l’objectif de l’auteur. Le present article fait etat des resultats d’une etude dans laquelle ont ete analysees les sequences rhetoriques (moves) des abreges de brevets dans quatre langues (chinois, espagnol, francais et anglais) et dans quatre domaines (medecine, chimie, telecommunications et informatique), ainsi que la valeur rhetorique des choix linguistiques (par ex. : modalite, temps verbaux, voix passive, adverbes et adjectifs). La methodologie deployee est double : qualitative, pour expliquer le contexte de production des textes selon certains parametres en rapport avec le genre et offrir une interpretation des resultats quantitatifs ; quantitative, pour appliquer l’analyse linguistique aux abreges de brevets. L’echantillonnage de textes se fonde sur des criteres de date de publication, de langue originale et de discipline, et a permis de constituer un corpus de 200 textes. Les resultats semblent indiquer, d’une part, que la discipline ne joue pas un role considerable dans les choix linguistiques des redacteurs et, d’autre part, que l’intensification et l’attenuation sont toutes deux des procedes rhetoriques visant a combiner intentions privees et finalites collectives, afin de satisfaire les exigences institutionnelles et les attentes des destinataires.
Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Coating of Pig Islets Prevents Xenogeneic Instant Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction

Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) causes rapid islet loss in islet transplantation. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) display unique abilities to promote angiogenesis and repair vascular injury compared to those of endothelial cells (ECs), which inhibits the allogeneic and xenogeneic IBMIR. We investigated the coating of pig islets with ex vivo-expanded ECFCs as a strategy to overcome xenogeneic IBMIR. Porcine islets were cocultured with human ECFCs in a specially modified culture medium for 2 days to obtain 70–90% coverage. The coating of pig islets with human ECFCs did not affect the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion capacity or diabetes reversal rate after the transplantation of a marginal islet mass under the kidney capsules of diabetic nude mice compared to that of untreated islets. Uncoated islets, PBS control without islets, and the ECFC-coated islets were examined with an in vitro tubing loop assay using human blood. After 60 min of incubation in human blood, the ECFC-coated islets showed platelet consumption inhibition and low C3a and TAT assay results compared to those of the uncoated islets. Furthermore, there was very little macroscopic or microscopic clotting in the human ECFC-coated pig islets. The protective effect was more prominent compared to that of human EC coating of pig islets in our previous study. We investigated the changes in human-specific MCP-1, IL-8, and tissue factor (TF) levels after the coating of pig islets with human ECFCs or human ECs. The IL-8 levels after coating pig islets with ECFCs were significantly lower than those after coating pig islets with ECs, but there were no significant differences in the MCP-1 or TF levels between the ECFCs and ECs. In conclusion, the coating of pig islets with ECFCs completely prevented all components of xenogeneic IBMIR. ECFCs may be a better source of protection against xenogeneic IBMIR than are mature ECs.
Defining Bullying

This paper reviews the definitions of bullying used by different groups of people, such as non-professionals, researchers and the legal profession. It then considers the variety of ways in which the word bullying may be understood in different languages. The complex ity of the concept of bullying is demonstrated through this, as well as through looking at some of the possible processes involved and at young people's definitions of bullying. The implications for surveys into the incidence of bullying and for anti-bullying strategies are discussed.
Congruencia de rol de género y aspiraciones de las mujeres a posiciones de liderazgo

Resumen La idea de que las mujeres tienen una ventaja para liderar se ha hecho muy popular en la actualidad. Sin embargo, las investigaciones ofrecen resultados contradictorios, lo cual ha generado un gran debate. Para comprender este debate son fundamentales los trabajos de Eagly y Carli (2003a, 2003b), quienes afirman que existen tanto ventajas como prejuicios hacia las mujeres líderes. En nuestro trabajo revisamos el papel de las aspiraciones de las mujeres hacia puestos de liderazgo tal y como se refleja en la literatura sobre prejuicio hacia las mujeres líderes. Nuestros resultados muestran que las mujeres anticipan ciertos problemas derivados del desempeño de una posición de liderazgo ya que éstas siguen experimentando prejuicio, especialmente en contextos masculinos. Interpretamos estos resultados basándonos en la Teoría de la Congruencia de Rol de Eagly y Karau (2002).
Spatial Mnemonic Encoding: Theta Power Decreases and Medial Temporal Lobe BOLD Increases Co-Occur during the Usage of the Method of Loci

Abstract The method of loci is one, if not the most, efficient mnemonic encoding strategy. This spatial mnemonic combines the core cognitive processes commonly linked to medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity: spatial and associative memory processes. During such processes, fMRI studies consistently demonstrate MTL activity, while electrophysiological studies have emphasized the important role of theta oscillations (3–8 Hz) in the MTL. However, it is still unknown whether increases or decreases in theta power co-occur with increased BOLD signal in the MTL during memory encoding. To investigate this question, we recorded EEG and fMRI separately, while human participants used the spatial method of loci or the pegword method, a similarly associative but nonspatial mnemonic. The more effective spatial mnemonic induced a pronounced theta power decrease source localized to the left MTL compared with the nonspatial associative mnemonic strategy. This effect was mirrored by BOLD signal increases in the MTL. Successful encoding, irrespective of the strategy used, elicited decreases in left temporal theta power and increases in MTL BOLD activity. This pattern of results suggests a negative relationship between theta power and BOLD signal changes in the MTL during memory encoding and spatial processing. The findings extend the well known negative relation of alpha/beta oscillations and BOLD signals in the cortex to theta oscillations in the MTL.
Different Reactive Oxygen Species Lead to Distinct Changes of Cellular Metal Ions in the Eukaryotic Model Organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Elemental uptake and export of the cell are tightly regulated thereby maintaining the ionomic homeostasis. This equilibrium can be disrupted upon exposure to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to reduction or elevation of the intracellular metal ions. In this study, the ionomic composition in the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae was profiled using the inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) following the treatment with individual ROS, including hydrogen peroxide, cumen hydroperoxide, linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAH), the superoxide-generating agent menadione, the thiol-oxidising agent diamide [diazine-dicarboxylic acid-bis(dimethylamide)], dimedone and peroxynitrite. The findings demonstrated that different ROS resulted in distinct changes in cellular metal ions. Aluminium (Al3+) level rose up to 50-fold after the diamide treatment. Cellular potassium (K+) in LAH-treated cells was 26-fold less compared to the non-treated controls. The diamide-induced Al3+ accumulation was further validated by the enhanced Al3+ uptake along the time course and diamide doses. Pre-incubation of yeast with individual elements including iron, copper, manganese and magnesium failed to block diamide-induced Al3+ uptake, suggesting Al3+-specific transporters could be involved in Al3+ uptake. Furthermore, LAH-induced potassium depletion was validated by a rescue experiment in which addition of potassium increased yeast growth in LAH-containing media by 26% compared to LAH alone. Taken together, the data, for the first time, demonstrated the linkage between ionomic profiles and individual oxidative conditions.
Risk, reputation and trust

As a result of corporate malpractice and clear guidance given by a number of committees set up by major private sector institutions, risk, reputation and trust are high on the boardroom agenda. The principal way of addressing the issues is through statements of corporate values and their application through codes of business ethics. These alone are not enough to make any difference – they have to become part of the way staff think and act. Having such a programme has been shown not only to be morally right but also worthwhile.
The Mycobacterial MsDps2 Protein Is a Nucleoid-Forming DNA Binding Protein Regulated by Sigma Factors σA and σB

The Dps (DNA-binding protein from starved cells) proteins from Mycobacterium smegmatis MsDps1 and MsDps2 are both DNA-binding proteins with some differences. While MsDps1 has two oligomeric states, with one of them responsible for DNA binding, MsDps2 has only one DNA-binding oligomeric state. Both the proteins however, show iron-binding activity. The MsDps1 protein has been shown previously to be induced under conditions of starvation and osmotic stress and is regulated by the extra cellular sigma factors σH and σF. We show here, that the second Dps homologue in M. smegmatis, namely MsDps2, is purified in a DNA-bound form and exhibits nucleoid-like structures under the atomic force microscope. It appears that the N-terminal sequence of Dps2 plays a role in nucleoid formation. MsDps2, unlike MsDps1, does not show elevated expression in nutritionally starved or stationary phase conditions; rather its promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase containing σA or σB, under in vitro conditions. We propose that due to the nucleoid-condensing ability, the expression of MsDps2 is tightly regulated inside the cells.
Learning Careers: Continuity and change in young people's dispositions to learning

Despite an extensive literature on the subject of learning, very little has been written about the ways in which young people's dispositions to learning transform over time. This article draws upon a longitudinal research project which focused on such transformations. The article centres on the case of Amanda Ball and considers the implications which her story holds for our understanding of learning. It is shown that dispositions can transform in a short period of time and that such transformations are often linked, in complex ways, to wider social, economic and cultural contexts.
Association study of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in Korean male alcoholics

Objective Catechol-O-methyltransferase, which has a functional genetic polymorphism, plays an important role in dopamine metabolism. The study analyzed the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and alcohol dependence in the Korean population. Methods Ninety-seven male alcoholics and 94 male age-matched normal controls were enrolled in this study. Polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping was used to verify the presence of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism. The patients were divided into two subtypes (violent group and non-violent group) according to their history of violent behavior. Results No difference in the distribution of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotypes (H/H, H/L, L/L) and alleles (H, L) was observed between the patients and the controls. However, the differences between the violent and non-violent groups were significant in terms of the frequencies of the COMT genotypes (χ2=7.977, df=2, P=0.019) and the alleles (χ2=6.832, df=1, P=0.012). In addition, significant differences in the frequencies of the catechol-O-methyltransferase allele (χ2=4.481, df=1, P=0.040) were observed between the non-violent group and the controls. Conclusions This suggests that the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism is not associated with the development of alcohol dependence, but may affect the susceptibility to a clinical heterogeneity of alcohol dependence, at least in the Korean population.
School Technology Leadership: An Empirical Investigation of Prevalence and Effect

The general question addressed is what technology leadership attributes make what kind of difference in the success of various technology-related programs. First, this article has integrated the prescriptive literature on technology leadership with the National Educational Technology Standards for Administrators (NETS-A) and then has operationalized technology leadership in terms of NETS-A. Data from the 1998 Teaching, Learning, and Computing nationwide survey of more than 800 schools were used to examine technology leadership characteristics and their effect on indicators of technology outcomes. The findings confirm that although technology infrastructure is important, technology leadership is even more necessary for effective utilization of technology in schooling.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF STUDYING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Despite the large amount of attention that has been paid recently to understanding the determinants of educational outcomes, knowledge of the causal effect of the most fundamental input in the education production function students' study time and effort has remained virtually non-existent. In this paper, we examine the causal effect of studying on grade performance using an Instrumental Variable estimator. Our approach takes advantage of a unique natural experiment and is possible because we have collected unique longitudinal data that provides detailed information about all aspects of this experiment. Important for understanding the potential impact of a wide array of education policies, the results suggest that human capital accumulation is far from predetermined at the time of college entrance. Todd R. Stinebrickner Department of Economics University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5C2 CANADA and NBER trstineb@uwo.ca Ralph Stinebrickner Dept. of Mathematics Berea College Berea, KY 40404 ralph_stinebrickner@berea.edu
Extracts of Lycoris aurea Induce Apoptosis in Murine Sarcoma S180 Cells

Lycoris species have been known since long ago as a multi-utility ethnomedicinal herbal in China. It has been reported to exhibit a number of properties such as anticancer, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. In the present study, the anticancer efficacy of dichloromethane extracts of Lycoris aurea (DELA), was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro using murine sarcoma 180 cells. To evaluate the effects of DELA on apoptotic cell death, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. DELA demonstrated promising inhibition effects on sarcoma 180 cells in vitro and a 53.49% inhibitory rate on cancer cells in vivo. DELA treatment increased thymus indices and spleen indices in vivo, indicating that it reduced tumours, but did not damage the main immune organs. The DELA-evoked increase in apoptotic cell death was accompanied by occurrence of cleaved caspase-3 and decreases in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Further purification and LCMS analysis showed DELA contained homolycorine, 2α-hydroxyoduline, oduline, hippeastrine, 2α-hydroxy-6-O- methyloduline, and 2α-methoxy-6-O-methyloduline. These results indicate that DELA exerted its anticancer effects, at least in part, by inducing cancer cell apoptosis and thus can be considered as a potential candidate agent for treatment of cancer.
Performance during performance: using Goffman to understand the behaviours of elite youth football coaches during games

The aim of this study was to investigate the social, contextual and situational factors that influence football coaches' behaviour in competition. Twelve English youth professional coaches were observed over a five-month period using the Coach Analysis and Intervention System (CAIS). Two sets of interpretive interviews were subsequently utilized to identify the underlying processes and motivations for their behaviour. Using the work of Goffman as a lens to probe the data, it is suggested that coaching behaviour during games was largely performative, with the coaches' behaviours dependent on social pressures and constraints. It is thus contended that the outcome was a form of ‘traditional coaching’ employed as impression management, as opposed to behaviours linked to pedagogical principles or the needs of athletes.
Verbal and nonverbal modality effects on impressions of political candidates: Analysis from the 1984 presidential debates

Two experiments examined the role of presentation modality in evaluations of Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale during the second Presidential debate in the 1984 campaign. In the first experiment, 219 subjects were presented selected segments from the debate in one of four following conditions: (1) audiovisual, (2) visual only, (3) audio only, or (4) text. Although Reagan was rated more favorably than Mondale in all of the conditions, Reagan's advantage was greatest in the visual modality. The second experiment (n = 64) examined the role of judgments of expressiveness and physical attractiveness as potential mediators of the visual modality advantage of Reagan. Results showed that rated expressiveness and physical attractiveness differences between the candidates were maximized in the visual modality condition, primarily due to Mondale being rated as less expressive and less physically attractive. Analysis of behavioral differences between the candidates revealed that Mondale blinked more frequently and had.
Large‐scale, multicenter study of cerebrospinal fluid tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 for the antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

We surveyed a total of 570 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 236), non‐AD‐demented and nondemented diseases (n = 239), and normal controls (n = 95) to quantitate levels of tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 (CSF/phospho‐tau199) by a recently established sandwich ELISA. The CSF/phospho‐tau199 levels in the AD group were significantly elevated compared to those in all the other non‐AD groups. Receiver operating characteristics curves showed that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the AD group versus all the other non‐AD groups using the CSF/phospho‐tau199 were 85.2% and 85.0%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between CSF/phospho‐tau199 and CSF/total‐tau levels in the AD group. Elevated CSF/phospho‐tau199 in the AD group was noted irrespective of age, gender, dementia severity, and number of apolipoprotein E4 alleles. Thus, we suggest that CSF/phospho‐tau199 may be a novel and logical biomarker in supporting antemortem diagnosis of AD.
National Study of Emotional and Perceptional Changes since September 11

Abstract This study examined emotional and perceptional changes American people had experienced 10 to 12 months after the September 11 (9-11) terrorist attacks. A nationally representative sample of 807 U.S. adults ages 18 or older was interviewed using random-digit dialing that included unpublished numbers and new listings. The results indicated that 5 to 8% of the respondents had probable posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms such as angry outbursts, trouble falling asleep, difficulty concentrating, and experiencing nightmares even 10 to 12 months after the attacks. Twenty-two percent reported more frequent life-threatening perceptions and 50% more concerns about personal safety than before the 9-11 attacks. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses indicated that gender, age, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and employment status were significant predictors for experiencing differential emotional and perceptional changes.