Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being Smart Is Not Enough to Ensure Success: Integrating Personal Development into a General Education Course

abstract:Life skills, including conflict management, flexibility in response to change, and effective communication, are critical to success in college and career. Most university administrators and employers believe that students should learn foundational life skills in college, but for the most part universities do not explicitly teach these skills as part of the general undergraduate education experience. The goal of the present study was to examine whether personal development can be effectively fostered in a general education course. It reports on a theory-based course designed to increase leadership, adaptive coping skills, and mental well-being. It also demonstrates through a quasiexperiment that participation in this course is related to social and psychological outcomes such as increased adaptability to change and social integration. These skills will support students in being successful in college and beyond.
Use of caffeinated substances and risk of crashes in long distance drivers of commercial vehicles: case-control study

Objective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers. Design Case-control study. Setting New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia. Participants 530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months. Main outcome measure The likelihood of a crash associated with the use of substances containing caffeine after adjustment for factors including age, health disorders, sleep patterns, and symptoms of sleep disorders as well as exposures such as kilometres driven, hours slept, breaks taken, and night driving schedules. Results Forty three percent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake. Only 3% reported using illegal stimulants such as amphetamine (“speed”); 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); and cocaine. After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers who consumed caffeinated substances for this purpose had a 63% reduced likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.50) compared with drivers who did not take caffeinated substances. Conclusions Caffeinated substances are associated with a reduced risk of crashing for long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. While comprehensive mandated strategies for fatigue management remain a priority, the use of caffeinated substances could be a useful adjunct strategy in the maintenance of alertness while driving.
CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES RETRIEVAL IN THE PRESENCE OF STRONG AEROSOL EVENTS

Clouds are one of the main regulating factors of the Earth’s climate through scattering and absorption of solar radiation as well as emission and absorption of thermal radiation. In consequence, the study of cloud properties is extremely important for understanding their role in climate change mechanisms. Specifically, aerosol particles, natural or anthropogenic, influence cloud-related processes by changing cloud microphysical properties and their radiative properties. Moreover, in certain cases precipitation processes may be affected as described by Rosenfeld (1999, 2000). The algorithm of Nakajima and Nakajima (1995) is used to retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius from visible, near infrared and thermal infrared satellite spectral measurements. The algorithm is applied to measurements from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra spacecraft. Since the algorithm treats separately water and ice clouds, it is necessary to obtain information on cloud particle phase beforehand from a multi-spectral data analysis. The selected case studies refer to strong aerosol events originating in different regions of the Earth. Microphysical cloud properties are retrieved considering different atmospheric aerosol situations: a typical background situation that characterizes the area prior to the event; a “heavy” aerosol load during the event; “mixed” aerosol / background conditions affecting the area after the passage of the main aerosol plume. Cloud properties obtained for these distinct atmospheric situations are analysed in terms of their possible changes due to the interactions of the clouds with the aerosol particle plumes. Comparisons of the results with those from independent algorithms are presented in the companion paper by Cattani et al. (2004).
Improving the effectiveness of the Henderson instruction safeguard against unreliable eyewitness identification

ABSTRACT Eyewitness identifications made under poor witnessing or identification conditions have resulted in numerous wrongful convictions [National Registry of Exonerations. (2017). Retrieved January 28, 2017, from http://www.law. umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/ExonerationsContribFactorsByCrime.aspx]. These wrongful convictions have persuaded some courts to seek ways to improve admissibility standards concerning eyewitness identifications and jurors’ ability to discern the quality of identifications. New Jersey recently ruled that case-specific instructions must be presented to the jury to determine the reliability of an identification [New Jersey v. Henderson, 27 A.3d 872 (2011)]. Research suggests the original format of these instructions is ineffective [Dillon, M. , Jones, A.M., Bergold, A.N. , Hui, C. , & Penrod, S. (2017). Examining the effectiveness of the Henderson eyewitness instructions. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. doi:10.1080/15228932.2017. 1235964; Jones, A.M., Bergold, A.S. , Dillon, M. , & Penrod, S. (2017). Sensitizing jurors to factors influencing the accuracy of eyewitness identification: Assessing the effectiveness of the Henderson instructions. Journal of Experimental Criminology. doi:10.1007/s11292-016-9279-6]. Other studies have found one form of eyewitness instructions sensitized jurors to problematic police procedures [Pawlenko, N. B. , Safer, M. A. , Wise, R. A. , & Holfeld, B. (2013). A teaching aid for improving jurors’ assessment of eyewitness accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 190–197], but no studies have found sensitivity to poor witnessing conditions. Therefore, the current study sought to modify Henderson instructions to improve sensitivity to variations in estimator variables. Jury-eligible community members read a trial transcript and rendered a verdict. Results indicated modified Henderson instructions increased sensitivity to estimator variables above and beyond a no-eyewitness-instruction control condition, while original Henderson instructions did not affect jurors’ decision making. Mounting evidence suggests original Henderson instructions are ineffective and may serve to induce confusion among jurors. However, more research is needed before courts consider this revised instruction.
Inactivation kinetics of voltage-gated calcium channels in glutamatergic neurons are influenced by SNAP-25

SNAP-25 forms part of the SNARE core complex that mediates membrane fusion. Biochemical and electrophysiological evidence supports an accessory role for SNAP-25 in interacting with voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) to modulate channel activity. We recently reported that endogenous SNAP-25 negatively regulates VGCC activity in glutamatergic neurons from rat hippocampal cultures by shifting the voltage-dependence of inactivation of the predominant P/Q-type channel current in these cells. In the present study, we extend these findings by investigating the effect that manipulating endogenous SNAP-25 expression has on the inactivation kinetics of VGCC current in both glutamatergic and GABAergic cells recorded from 9-13 DIV cultures. Silencing SNAP-25 in glutamatergic neurons significantly slowed the inactivation rate of P/Q-type VGCC current whereas alterations in SNAP-25 expression did not alter inactivation rates in GABAergic neurons. These results indicate that endogenous SNAP-25 plays an important role in P/Q-type channel regulation in glutamatergic neurons.
Evaluation of the Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon of the Trunk Muscles in Sitting

Study Design. A normative, single-group study was conducted. Objective. To investigate the flexion relaxation phenomenon in the thoraco-lumbopelvic muscles among a pain-free population when moving from an upright to a slump sitting posture. Summary of Background Data. The presence of the flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) of the back muscles is well documented at end-range spinal flexion when standing. This phenomenon is commonly found disrupted in low back subjects. However, whether FRP occurs in sitting remains controversial. Methods. The sample consisted of 24 healthy pain-free adults. Surface electromyography was used to measure activity in the superficial lumbar multifidus (SLM), the thoracic erector spinae (TES), and the transverse fibers of the internal oblique (IO) muscles while subjects moved from an erect to a slump sitting posture. An electromagnetic motion-tracking device simultaneously measured thoracolumbar kinematics during this task. Results. There was a significant decrease in both the SLM and the IO activity when moving from an erect to a slump sitting posture (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively), indicating the presence of FRP. TES activity was highly variable. While 13 subjects exhibited an increase in activity (P = 0.001), 11 demonstrated a decrease in activity (P = 0.001), indicating the presence of FRP. FRP occurred in the mid-range of spinal flexion for the SLM, IO and TES when present. Conclusion. The findings show that the SLM and the IO are facilitated in neutral lordotic sitting postures and exhibit FRP at mid range flexion while moving from upright sitting to slump sitting. These findings show that FRP in sitting differs from that in standing. Variable motor patterns (activation or FRP) of the TES were observed. These findings suggest that sustaining mid to end-range flexed sitting spinal postures result in relaxation of the spinal stabilizing muscles.
Unequal partners? Networks, centrality, and aid to international education

ABSTRACT Following the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, international development policy discourses have focused on partnership as an overarching principle. With a focus on participation and non-hierarchical relationships, new partnerships aim to reconstitute the aid relationship in a way that obviates power inequality and hegemony. However, empirical studies of these partnerships are scarce. This paper uses social network analysis to analyse relationships between organisations involved in prominent partnerships for education in international development. Our analysis of an original dataset demonstrates that bilateral donors, civil society organisations, and international organisations are most likely to occupy central positions in this network, meaning that they enjoy high levels of connectivity to many organisations. Literature on international networks suggests that these organisations would therefore shape the flow of information and ideas between organisations, influence the distribution of resources among members, and determine normative preferences of the partnerships. In contrast, recipient governments, private businesses, and universities occupy peripheral positions. We contextualise these findings with respect to literature on aid in international education and privatisation in the political economy of educational development.
Translanguaging on Facebook: Exploring Australian Aboriginal Multilingual Competence in Technology-Enhanced Environments and Its Pedagogical Implications

Abstract:In this study, we explore how Aboriginal multilingual speakers use technology-enhanced environments, specifically Facebook, for their translanguaging practices. Using data collected from Facebook posts written by seven Aboriginal youth over a period of 18 months, we investigate how the participants move between Aboriginal English (AE) and Standard Australian English (SAE) creatively and strategically to express humour and group membership, and to identify as an Aboriginal person. We also observe how these practices have the potential to enhance rather than detract from their development of SAE. The findings of the study have important implications for teaching bilingual and bidialectal speakers in general and AE speakers in particular, highlighting the importance of creating a translanguaging space to enable them to maximize their knowledge and understanding of different subject matter and develop competencies in their various linguistic codes. Résumé:Les auteures étudient la façon dont les locuteurs autochtones multilingues se servent d'environnements technologiques, notamment Facebook, dans leurs pratiques de transfert interlinguistique. Examinant les données tirées de messages Facebook rédigés par sept jeunes autochtones sur une période de 18 mois, elles analysent comment les participants passent de l'anglais autochtone à l'anglais australien standard avec créativité et adresse pour exprimer leurs sentiments et leur appartenance au groupe, et pour s'identifier en qualité d'autochtones. Elles observent également en quoi ces pratiques ont le potentiel d'améliorer plutôt que d'altérer chez ces locuteurs la maîtrise de l'anglais australien standard. Les constatations tirées de cette étude ont d'importantes conséquences pour la formation de locuteurs bilingues et bidialectaux en général et de locuteurs de l'anglais australien en particulier, ce qui met en lumière la nécessité de créer un espace interlinguistique leur permettant de maximiser leur connaissance et leur compréhension de différents sujets et d'acquérir des compétences dans les divers codes linguistiques dont ils font usage.
Investigation of Participation Motivations in Exercises of Students Participating in Archery in Extra Curricular Activities

The aim of this research is to investigate Investigation of Participation Motivations in Exercises of Students Participating in Archery in Extra Curricular Activities. While the study’s universe consists of all 11 graders studying at High school, the sample includes 32 of the 11 grade students who participated in arrow shooting activities in extracurricular activities. These students have not participated in arrow shooting activities before, and do not know how to shoot arrows. In the qualitative part of the research, a total of 18 students including 9 female and 9 male volunteers participated. In this study, the arrow shooting activity covers a total of 12 weeks, once a week, two lesson hours. Exercise Participation Motivation Inventory was used as the quantitative data collection tool in the research and it was applied to the students at the end of 12 weeks. Also, skills assessment test prepared by teacher and trainer were applied before and after 12 weeks to evaluate the skill of archery and semi-structured interview questions (8 questions) were applied for qualitative data. According to the quantitative results of the research, “Skill Development” is the most important motivational factor that motivates students to participate in exercise before 12 weeks of activity and afterwards Students’ average scores related to the subscales in the Participation Motivations of Exercise before 12 weeks of activity were found to be “Health”, “Competition”, “Appearance”, “Social and Entertainment” and “Skill Development”. After 12 weeks of activity, it is found that students’ average scores show increase in “Health“, “Competition”, “Appearance”, “Social and Entertainment”, and “Skill Development” sub-dimensions. A t-test was performed on the related samples to determine whether this increase was significant or not and it was found to be statistically significant. A t-test was conducted between students’ pre-test and post-test averages of the students’ shooting arrow skill test before and after 12 weeks of the activity and a statistically significant difference was determined (P=0.00). According to the results of the qualitative analysis of the study, these students were very pleased with arrow shooting, their attention to these spores and concentration increased, and most importantly, they stated that their opinion regarding physical education course changed positively.
Biomarkers in Cervical Cancer Screening

In industrialized countries, population wide cytological screening programs using the Pap test have led to a substantial reduction of the incidence of cervical cancer. Despite this evident success, screening programs that rely on Pap-stained cytological samples have several limitations. First, a number of equivocal or mildly abnormal test results require costly work up by either repeated retesting or direct colposcopy and biopsy, since a certain percentage of high grade lesions that require immediate treatment hide among these unclear test results. This work up of mildly abnormal or equivocal cytological tests consumes a large amount of the overall costs spent for cervical cancer screening. Improved triage of these samples might substantially reduce the costs. Cervical cancer is induced by persistent infections with oncogenic human papilloma viruses (HPV). While HPV infection is an indispensable factor, it is not sufficient to cause cancer. The majority of acute HPV infections induce low grade precursor lesions that are cleared spontaneously after several months in more than 90% of cases, and less than 10% eventually progress to high grade lesions or invasive cancer. Progression is characterized by the deregulated expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 in infected basal and parabasal cells. Novel biomarkers that allow monitoring these essential molecular events in histological or cytological specimens are likely to improve the detection of lesions that have a high risk of progression in both primary screening and triage settings. In this review, we will discuss potential biomarkers for cervical cancer screening with a focus on the level of clinical evidence that supports their application as novel markers in refined cervical cancer screening programs.
Geographically Distributed Load Balancing with (Almost) Arbitrary Load Functions

In geographically-distributed systems, communication latencies are non-negligible. The perceived processing time of a request is thus composed of the time needed to route the request to the server and the true processing time. Once a request reaches a target server, the processing time depends on the total load of that server, this dependency is described by a load function. We consider a broad class of load functions, we just require that they are convex and two times differentiable. In particular our model can be applied to heterogeneous systems in which every server has a different load function. We present optimization centralized and a decentralized algorithms for load balancing. We prove bounds on the algorithms' convergence. To the best of our knowledge these bounds were not known even for the special cases studied previously (queuing theory and batches of requests). Both algorithms are any-time and self-stabilizing algorithms.
Cardiac Function in Chronic Heart Failure-Adrenergic Receptors Are Associated With Reduced 1 β Autoantibodies Activating Human

Roland Jahns, Valérie Boivin, Christian Siegmund, Gerhard Inselmann, Martin J. Lohse and Cardiac Function in Chronic Heart Failure -Adrenergic Receptors Are Associated With Reduced 1 β Autoantibodies Activating Human Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 1999 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 99.5. 649 1999;99:649-654 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/99/5/649 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Small world overlay P2P networks

This paper considers the problem of how to construct and maintain an overlay structured P2P network based on the small world paradigm. Two main attractive properties of a small world network are (1) low average hop distance between any two randomly chosen nodes, and (2) high clustering coefficient of nodes. Having a low average hop distance implies a low latency for object lookup, while having a high clustering coefficient implies the underlying network can effectively provide object lookup even under heavy demands (for example, in a flash crowd scenario). We present a small world overlay protocol (SWOP) for constructing a small world overlay P2P network. We compare the performance of our system with that of other structured P2P networks such as Chord. We show that the SWOP protocol can achieve improved object lookup performance over the existing protocols. We also exploit the high clustering coefficient of a SWOP network to design an object replication algorithm that can effectively handle heavy object lookup traffic. As a result, a SWOP network can quickly and efficiently deliver popular and dynamic objects to a large number of requesting nodes. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first piece of work that addresses how to handle dynamic flash crowds in a structured P2P network environment.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Usual Leiomyoma, Atypical Leiomyoma, and Leiomyosarcoma

Uterine smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) are common pelvic tumors in women, and most of them are diagnosed as usual leiomyoma (UL). Exclusion of malignant disease is important in the management of SMTs. However, differentiation of SMTs remains difficult. In this study, we aimed to improve the preoperative diagnosis of SMTs. We examined 21 ULs, 7 atypical leiomyomas (ALs), and 6 leiomyosarcomas (LMSs), all of which were diagnosed by uterine tumor biopsy. Immunohistochemical findings (low-molecular-mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) and Ki-67) and clinical features (serum lactate dehydrogenase level and menopause) were evaluated. Statistically significant differences in the expression of LMP2 and Ki-67 were observed between UL and AL and between UL and LMS. The combined LMP2 and Ki-67 score was significantly different between UL and AL, between UL and LMS, and between AL and LMS. The combined immunohistochemistry and clinical findings score (total score) was also significantly different between pathological types. The findings of this study suggest that the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis of SMTs may be improved by using a combination of immunohistochemical and clinical findings.
The Embeddedness of Adolescent Employment and Participation in Delinquency: A Life Course Perspective

Adolescent penetration into the labor market is a relatively new, and much understudied, phenomena. To date, limited empirical evidence suggests that the extensive employment of adolescents increases their offending. We bring together insights garnered from life-course criminology, which emphasizes the timing of transitional role changes; and economic sociology, which draws attention to the "social embeddedness" of development and decision-making. The objective is to test whether a youth's embeddedness within the labor market has deleterious consequences for the youth's behavior. Our results show that work embeddedness is positively related to delinquency, and that this effect is not accounted for by prior levels of delinquent involvement. These findings were replicated by use of a community sample. In total our findings suggest that being embedded in a work role as a teenager has general deleterious consequences for behavior.