Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of cattle

1. The dynamics of protozoa were studied in two groups of rumen-fistulated cattle fed on a basal diet of molasses ad lib. , with oaten chaff given at 6 or 18 g/kg live weight. This diet resulted in different mixtures of protozoal species in the populations in the rumen. 2. The rumen protozoa were studied by intrarumen injections of protozoa labelled in vitro with [14CH3]choline. An indication of protozoal death and fermentation of protozoal cell residues was obtained by measuring 14C loss via the methane pool. 3. After a single injection of labelled protozoa, the decline in the specific radioactivity (μCi/g nitrogen) of the protozoal pool in the rumen indicated that first-order kinetic processes applied. Conversely the specific radioactivity of protozoa, incubated in rumen fluid, remained constant indicating no growth in vitro, presumably owing to a rapid exhaustion of essential nutrients. 4. The protozoal populations in the rumen of cattle fed on the diet with the low level of oaten chaff were mainly small ciliates; but on the higher level of chaff in the diet, the large ciliates were a higher proportion of the total protozoal population present. 5. The mean pool size of protozoa in the rumen was significantly larger and the protozoal half-life tended to be longer for cattle fed on the higher level of chaff in the diet. The apparent production rate of protozoa in cattle fed on each diet was not significantly different and there were no differences in the production rate of methane. The percentage losses of label from protozoa in the rumen via the methane pool were not significantly different on the two diets and indicated that 74% of the protozoa that were apparently irreversibly lost from the rumen could be accounted for by death and lysis in the rumen and therefore only 26% of protozoa apparently entered the lower digestive tract.
CONGRUENCE OF STRATEGIES TO MANAGE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF TEST ANXIETY AMONG INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE STUDENTS BEFORE TAKING THEIR FINAL EXAMS

International Baccalaureate (IB) students experience test anxiety connected with taking the high stakes final exams, following the two-year Diploma Programme Courses. The aim of this paper is to investigate the congruence of the causes and effects of test anxiety with strategies to manage this anxiety among IB students before taking their final exams. Qualitative responses about test anxiety from 21 IB students were collected before their exams. Causes of anxiety, as reported by the students, had to do with peer pressure and negative self-talk before the exams. Effects of anxiety were related to physical and emotional functioning as well as cognition. Strategies for managing anxiety included a variety of physical and intellectual activities. Comparing students’ reported causes and effects of anxiety with their strategies to manage it revealed little correspondence between the causes and effects of a student’s test anxiety and the kinds of strategies he or she employed to manage them.
Active Flutter Control with V-Stack Piezoelectric Flap Actuator

Aeroelastic control of wings using distributed, trailing-edge control surfaces is of interest for maneuvers, gust alleviation, and flutter suppression. The use of high-energy-density, piezoelectric materials as motors provides an appealing solution to the problem of flutter suppression. A new piezoelectric actuator, the V-stack piezoelectric actuator, was designed and bench tested at Duke University. This actuator meets the requirements for trailingedge flap actuation in both stroke and force. It is compact, simple, and sturdy and leverages stroke geometrically with minimum force penalties while displaying linearity over a wide range of stroke. Integration of the actuator inside a structure requires minimal modifications. The shape of the actuator makes it extremely suitable for trailing-edge flap actuation, eliminating the need for a push rod. A typical section prototype was constructed and tested experimentally in the wind tunnel at Duke University. This experiment was designed for preliminary evaluation of the actuation concept. During bench tests the desired flap deflection of ±5 deg was obtained. Windtunnel experiments showed that air flow has little influence on flap deflection, suggesting good actuation authority. Actuator-flap frequency bandwidth achievable for this experiment, in the context of ±5 deg flap deflection, was sufficient and facilitated control design. Positive position feedback (PPF) control was used to add damping to the unstable flutter mode. Operating in closed loop, the flutter was suppressed at the speed at which the flutter occurred open loop, and the flutter speed was increased by more than 30%.
Asian Students' writing and their modification of Text quality

Based on a small case study of undergraduate students, this paper examines how international students enrolled at an Australian university revise and edit their written assignments prior to submission. Here, revising applies to the revisions undertaken by writers themselves, whereas editing refers to the corrections undertaken by someone else. Revising and editing are examined within the context of writing, and are shown not merely as cognitive processes but as ones that are highly influenced by social and expedient factors. Students produced multiple drafts as they wrote and revised, prior to soliciting help from an editor at times. The findings on editing included problems relating to identifying someone who could edit their writing, the quality of the editing work undertaken, and also unease among some students about the legitimacy of soliciting help from others. © 2001 The Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA) 2 MARRIOTT & TSE (December 2001): Asian Students’ Writing
Gene expression microarray analysis of heat stress in the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida

Sudden temperature changes in soil can induce stress in soil‐dwelling invertebrates. Hyperthermic conditions have an impact on gene expression as one of the first steps. We use a transcriptomics approach using microarrays to identify expression changes in response to heat in the springtail Folsomia candida. An elevation of temperature (Δ 10 °C) altered the expression of 142 genes (116 up‐, 26 down‐regulated). Many up‐regulated genes encoded heat shock proteins, enzymes involved in ATP synthesis, oxidative stress responsive enzymes and anion‐transporting ATPases. Down‐regulated were glycoside hydrolases, involved in catalysis of disaccharides. The small number of altered transcripts suggest a mild response to heat in this soil invertebrate, but further research is needed to confirm this. This study presents candidate genes for future functional studies concerning thermal stress in soil‐dwelling invertebrates.
Why-query support in graph databases

Graph databases implementing a property graph model allow storing of heterogeneous information in the form of a graph and support complex graph-specific queries like shortest path, pattern matching, etc. Their flexibility and a rich spectrum of supported queries make it difficult for a user to create correct queries. As a consequence, a user can get unexpected results like too many, too few, or even empty answers. This research aims at providing a basic debugging functionality to a user in order to discover the reasons of a failure and to fix a query. The main goals of this thesis include (1) studying the reasons of a failure in terms of a graph with the focus on cardinality-based problems like too few, too many, and empty results; (2) developing methods for query refinement in order to derive expected answers with considering specifics of a property graph model, and (3) proposing a set of strategies for integrating user intention into the debugging process.
Linking allochthonous dissolved organic matter and boreal lake sediment carbon sequestration: The role of light‐mediated flocculation

We measured flocculation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water from a humic lake (DOC = 14.9 mg C L‐1) and from an adjacent mire (DOC = 25.7 mg C L‐1), in in situ enclosure experiments with different light regimes. Light stimulated the formation of organic particles in both waters, and organic particle formation was observed at all incubation depths, even in the dark controls. Production of phytoplankton biomass was negligible, and allochthonous DOC was the most important precursor of the sinking particles. 8‐22% and 25‐ 60% of the loss of DOC in lake and mire water, respectively, could be accounted for by flocculation. Depthintegrated flocculation based on the enclosure experiments was 14.7 mg C m‐2 d‐1. Lake‐water DOC concentration and water color has been increasing during the last decade, and sediment trap studies show that gross sedimentation of organic carbon also increased. Thus flocculation of allochthonous DOC, stimulated by light, constitutes a pathway for the sequestration of carbon in lake sediments.
An assessment tool for participant groupings for human neuroimaging research: measuring musical training

The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment tool to measure musical training and experiences for grouping participants in human neuroimaging research studies. To fulfill the purpose of this study, the researcher: 1. Completed a comprehensive review of the research literature to establish the essential content of the assessment tool; 2. Developed an assessment tool to survey subjects about their musical training and experiences; 3. Pilot tested the assessment tool, and revised the tool according to the preliminary analyses of the validity, reliability, and usefulness of the assessment tool; 4. Established the content validity and reliability of the assessment tool with subjects participating in a neuroimaging study designed to analyze the influences of musical training and experiences on brain structures and functions, and 5. Determined if the assessment tool functioned effectively in the selection and grouping of musically trained and musically untrained subjects for neuroimaging studies. The assessment tool was administered to a purposive sample (N = 42) in the southeastern region of the United States. Participants were recruited on the basis of musical training, both the existence and lack thereof. The assessment was completed via the web-based platform, Qualtrics. Coding of survey responses indicated differences in the participant pool that resulted in two groups: Musicians and Non-musicians. Further investigation yielded two subgroups within the Musician participant group: Moderate and Advanced. Validity of the assessment tool was established using a three-step construction process, (a) development of a draft based on the existing literature and the musical training knowledge of the researcher, (b) a review of the assessment tool by five music educators and performers, and (c) administration to a pilot group of five additional people with varying levels of musicianship. Additional content validity was completed by external reviewers by rating each assessment item using a Likert-type scale: 1 – Not important, 2 – Slightly important, 3 – Fairly important, 4 – Important, and 5 – Very important. Reliability was established using interrater reliability and was determined to be 88.9%. A discussion was presented that included the differences among participants that made their musical training and experiences unique compared with other participants. Implications were discussed regarding the usage possibilities for the survey, as well as the potential effects of the survey on human neuroimaging research.
A Novel Paradigm for Examining Alibi Corroboration and Evidence Interaction: Does a Confession Affect the Likelihood of Alibi Corroboration for Friends and Strangers?

We examined the possibility that hearing about a confession could influence potentially exonerating information proffered by a familiar or unfamiliar alibi corroborator. College students (N = 268) brought a friend to a team building session. After the team building session, we asked participants to corroborate an alibi for either their friend or a stranger accused of theft. We also manipulated whether the suspect confessed and the timing of when the confession information was presented to participants. Friends were more likely than strangers to be alibi corroborators across multiple scales and dependent measures. Further, potential corroborators who heard about the suspect’s confession were less likely than those who did not know of the confession to be willing to serve as an alibi corroborator; hearing about a suspect’s confession after making an initial alibi corroboration caused participants to change their decisions. Qualitative analyses also suggest several possible motivations given by corroborators and noncorroborators. Implications for police procedure and research design are discussed.
Epidemiology of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Korea, 2001-2010

This study describes the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the past 10 yr (2001-2010) in Korea. During this period, a total of 3,953 HFRS patients and an average prevalence rate of 0.81 per 100,000 population were recorded, with a total of 40 fatal cases, corresponding to a case fatality rate of 1.01%. More HFRS cases were found in men than in women (57% vs 43%), and a higher prevalence rate of HFRS was observed in patients older than 40 yr (82.1%). The highest numbers of HFRS cases were found amongst farmers (35.6%). The majority of HFRS cases (71.3%) occurred in the last quarter of the calendar year (October to December). More HFRS cases occurred in the western part than in the eastern part of Korea (68.9% vs 31.1%). The incidence of HFRS was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in rural areas than in urban areas (80.3% vs 19.7%). HFRS still occurs commonly among men, in autumn, and in western rural area of Korea.
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS

Using the photometric parallax method, we estimate the distances to {approx}48 million stars detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and map their three-dimensional number density distribution in the Galaxy. The currently available data sample the distance range from 100 pc to 15 kpc and cover 6,500 deg{sup 2} of sky, mostly at high galactic latitudes (|b| > 25). These stellar number density maps allow an investigation of the Galactic structure without any a priori assumptions about its components. The data show strong evidence for a Galaxy consisting of an oblate halo, disk components, and a number of localized overdensities. The number density distribution of stars in the Solar neighborhood (D < 1.5kpc) favors a model having a ''thin'' and a ''thick'' exponential disk, with scale heights and lengths of H{sub 1} {approx} 280 pc and L{sub 1} {approx} 2400pc, and H{sub 2} {approx} 1200pc and L{sub 2} {approx} 3500pc, respectively, and local thick-to-thin disk normalization {rho}{sub thick} (R{sub {circle_dot}})/{rho}{sub thin}(R{sub {circle_dot}}) = 4%. Fits applied to the entire dataset are significantly more uncertain due to the presence of clumps and overdensities. The halo power law index is very poorly constrained, but we find an oblate halo with c/a {approx} 0.5 to be strongly preferred. While roughly consistent with this simple model, the measured density distribution shows a number of statistically significant deviations from the model predictions. In addition to known features, such as the Monoceros stream, a remarkable density enhancement covering over a thousand square degrees of sky is detected towards the constellation of Virgo, at distances of {approx} 5-15 kpc. Compared to counts in a region symmetric with respect to the l = 0 line and with the same Galactic latitude, it is responsible for a factor of 2 number density excess, and may be a nearby tidal stream or a low-surface brightness dwarf galaxy merging with the Milky Way. The u - g color distribution of these stars implies metallicities lower than those of the thick disk, and consistent with the halo metallicity distribution.
A Standardized SOA for Clinical Data Interchange in a Cardiac Telemonitoring Environment

Care of chronic cardiac patients requires information interchange between patients' homes, clinical environments, and the electronic health record. Standards are emerging to support clinical information collection, exchange and management and to overcome information fragmentation and actors delocalization. Heterogeneity of information sources at patients' homes calls for open solutions to collect and accommodate multidomain information, including environmental data. Based on the experience gained in a European Research Program, this paper presents an integrated and open approach for clinical data interchange in cardiac telemonitoring applications. This interchange is supported by the use of standards following the indications provided by the national authorities of the countries involved. Taking into account the requirements provided by the medical staff involved in the project, the authors designed and implemented a prototypal middleware, based on a service-oriented architecture approach, to give a structured and robust tool to congestive heart failure patients for their personalized telemonitoring. The middleware is represented by a health record management service, whose interface is compliant to the healthcare services specification project Retrieve, Locate and Update Service standard (Level 0), which allows communication between the agents involved through the exchange of Clinical Document Architecture Release 2 documents. Three performance tests were carried out and showed that the prototype completely fulfilled all requirements indicated by the medical staff; however, certain aspects, such as authentication, security and scalability, should be deeply analyzed within a future engineering phase.
Digital analysis and development of ride-through capability of ac contactor with respect to voltage sag characteristics

This paper presents the development of digital simulator tool for sensitivity analysis of ac contactor with respect to voltage sag characteristics. The simulator tool allows varying of the sag characteristics for the purpose of evaluating the behavior of ac contactor under very worst conditions of voltage sags. Describing voltage sag characteristics by their magnitude and duration only without consideration of other parameters is no longer suitable to fully assess the equipments sensitivity. Therefore, this paper presents the necessity to include the point-on-wave of sag initiation and phase shift of sag to explain the sensitivity of ac contactor during sags. From the simulation results, the ride through capability curve is constructed to identify ac contactor sensitivity levels. The curve has demonstrated a rather complex behavior of the ac contactor. By having a simulator tool, ac contactor analysis can be simulated for any type of configurations without having to perform laboratory experiments.
Inactivation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 may predict clinical outcome and poor overall survival for renal cell carcinoma through epigenetic pathways

We investigated whether impaired regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via epigenetic pathways is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis. Expression and CpG methylation of the BMP-2 gene were analyzed using RCC cell lines, and 96 matched RCC and normal renal tissues. We also performed functional analysis using BMP-2 restored RCC cells. A significant association of BMP-2 mRNA expression was also found with advanced tumor stage and lymph node involvement, while lower BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival after radical nephrectomy. In RCC cells, BMP-2 restoration significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. In addition, BMP-2 overexpression induced p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 expression, and cellular apoptosis in RCC cells. BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in RCC cells by 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine treatment. The prevalence of BMP-2 promoter methylation was significantly greater and BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in RCC samples as compared to normal kidney samples. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between BMP-2 promoter methylation and mRNA transcription in tumors. Aberrant BMP-2 methylation and the resultant loss of BMP-2 expression may be a useful molecular marker for designing improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for RCC.
Selective sparing of topographical memory

The case of a 61 year old patient with Pick’s disease involving predominantly the left temporal lobe, who has been studied over a 5 year period, is reported. She presented with a grave impairment of both verbal and non-verbal memory functions. Her non-verbal memory deficits included profound impairments on the recognition of unfamiliar faces and the recall of abstract designs. Remarkably, her visual recognition memory performance for unknown buildings, landscapes, and outdoor scenes was preserved. Strikingly, her ability to recall familiar routes and learn new ones through a complex virtual reality town was also entirely normal. This seems to be the first case documenting the selective preservation of topographical memory in the context of severe non-verbal and verbal memory impairments. These findings imply that topographical memory and non-verbal memory are subserved by separable neural systems.
The potential for use of surplus dairy herd reproductive capacity for beef production

Abstract A quantitative analysis of the potential benefits of using in vitro‐produced embryos and embryo transfer (IVP and ET) technologies for beef production from spring‐calving dairy herds is presented. The study was conducted using computer simulation. Additional profit was assessed from the production of high quality 4‐day‐old calves for the beef industry, which are derived from surplus dairy industry breeding capacity. Twelve IVP and ET scenarios were investigated for comparison with artificial insemination (AI) methods. These IVP and ET scenarios were combinations of sex‐controlled or sex‐uncontrolled embryos with conception rates ranging from 35% to 60%. The study demonstrates that sex‐controlled embryo technology is able to capitalise on the significant beef production potential from dairy herds. Profit opportunities for the dairy farmer will be significant if beef IVP and ET costs are no more than AI costs and conception rates for the embryo transfer technology are at least 50%, otherwise oestru.