Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic Assessment of the Pennsylvania Climate Action Plan

The Pennsylvania Climate Action Plan (CAP) is the culmination of a formal stakeholder process to specify policies and measures to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The implementation of technical and behavioural mitigation options will require changes in the way businesses and government operate, and the way households conduct their daily lives. An important question is whether the sum of all of these microeconomic changes and their interactions will be a stimulus to or a drain on the economy as whole. We apply the Regional Economic Models, Inc. Policy Insight Plus (REMI PI+) model in an innovative manner to analyse the impacts of major GHG mitigation options at the macroeconomic level in Pennsylvania for the policy horizon of 2009–2020. Our results indicate that the net impacts on the state's economy will be significantly positive. We also develop a reduced form econometric model based on the results and subject it to rigorous statistical testing. This is the first time an independent validation of this kind has been applied to the REMI Model in order to verify its simulation results. Resumen. El Plan de Accion sobre el Clima, en Pensilvania, es la culminacion de un proceso formal de partes interesadas para definir politicas y medidas para mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). La implementacion de opciones de mitigacion tecnicas y de comportamiento requeriran cambios en el modo de operar de las empresas y el gobierno, y en que los hogares actuan de manera cotidiana. Una pregunta importante es si la suma de todos estos cambios microeconomicos y sus interacciones seran un estimulo o una carga para la economia en su conjunto. Aplicamos el modelo REMI Policy Insight Plus (Regional Economic Models, Inc. PI+) de manera innovadora para analizar los impactos de las principales opciones de mitigacion de GEI a nivel macroeconomico en Pensilvania para el horizonte de politicas 2009-2020. Nuestros resultados indican que los impactos netos en la economia de este estado seran significativamente positivos. Desarrollamos asimismo un modelo econometrico de formato reducido basado en los resultados y lo sometimos a pruebas estadisticas rigurosas. Esta es la primera vez que se realiza una validacion independiente de este tipo al Modelo REMI para verificar los resultados de su simulacion.
Phosphorylation of connexin-43 at serine 262 promotes a cardiac injury-resistant state.

AIMS The cardioprotective agent fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) was found previously to promote phosphorylation of connexin-43 (Cx43) at protein kinase C (PKC) sites such as serine (S) 262 at levels above those of non-stimulated hearts. We asked if other PKC-dependent cardioprotective treatments cause a similar effect, and if Cx43 phosphorylation at S262 mediates resistance to injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated perfused adult rat hearts were subjected to the following treatments: ischaemic preconditioning (PC); diazoxide perfusion; FGF-2 pre-treatment followed by 30 min global ischaemia; 30 min global ischaemia followed by 60 min reperfusion in the presence or absence of FGF-2. Cx43 phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures were used to examine the effect of expressing Cx43 incapable of being phosphorylated at S262 due to an S to alanine (A) substitution on simulated ischaemia-induced cell death (TUNEL staining) and injury (lactic dehydrogenase release). Ischaemic PC, diazoxide, and FGF-2 pre-ischaemic or post-ischaemic treatments elicited a P Cx43 state, defined as above-physiological levels of phospho-S262-Cx43 and phospho-S368-Cx43. P Cx43 was sustained during global ischaemia and was accompanied by attenuation of ischaemia-induced Cx43 dephosphorylation and prevention of Cx43 lateralization. Post-ischaemic FGF-2 treatment also diminished dephosphorylated Cx43. Modest overexpression of S262A-Cx43, but not wild-type Cx43, exacerbated cardiomyocyte death and injury caused by simulated ischaemia in vitro. It also prevented the cytoprotective effects of FGF-2 or overexpressed PKCepsilon. CONCLUSIONS P Cx43 marks a state of enhanced resistance to ischaemic injury promoted by PKC-activating treatments such as FGF-2 administration or ischaemic PC. Cx43 phosphorylation at S262 likely mediates PKCepsilon-dependent cardioprotection.
A Min-Max Theorem on Tournaments

We present a structural characterization of all tournaments $T=(V,A)$ such that, for any nonnegative integral weight function defined on $V$, the maximum size of a feedback vertex set packing is equal to the minimum weight of a triangle in $T$. We also answer a question of Frank by showing that it is $NP$-complete to decide whether the vertex set of a given tournament can be partitioned into two feedback vertex sets. In addition, we give exact and approximation algorithms for the feedback vertex set packing problem on tournaments.
Molecular chirality and chiral parameters

The fundamental issues of symmetry related to chirality are discussed and applied to simple situations relevant to liquid crystals. We show that any chiral measure of a geometric object is a pseudoscalar (invariant under proper rotations but changing sign under improper rotations) and must involve three-point correlations which only come into play when the molecule has at least four atoms. In general, a molecule is characterized by an infinite set of chiral parameters. We illustrate the fact that these parameters can have differing signs and can vanish at different points as a molecule is continuously deformed into its mirror image. From this it is concluded that handedness is not an absolute concept but depends on the property being observed. Within a simplified model of classical interactions, we identify the chiral parameter of the constituent molecules which determines the macroscopic pitch of cholesterics.
Functional dissociation of ventral frontal and dorsomedial default mode network components during resting state and emotional autobiographical recall

Humans spend a substantial share of their lives mind‐wandering. This spontaneous thinking activity usually comprises autobiographical recall, emotional, and self‐referential components. While neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that a specific brain “default mode network” (DMN) is consistently engaged by the “resting state” of the mind, the relative contribution of key cognitive components to DMN activity is still poorly understood. Here we used fMRI to investigate whether activity in neural components of the DMN can be differentially explained by active recall of relevant emotional autobiographical memories as compared with the resting state. Our study design combined emotional autobiographical memory, neutral memory and resting state conditions, separated by a serial subtraction control task. Shared patterns of activation in the DMN were observed in both emotional autobiographical and resting conditions, when compared with serial subtraction. Directly contrasting autobiographical and resting conditions demonstrated a striking dissociation within the DMN in that emotional autobiographical retrieval led to stronger activation of the dorsomedial core regions (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex), whereas the resting state condition engaged a ventral frontal network (ventral striatum, subgenual and ventral anterior cingulate cortices) in addition to the IPL. Our results reveal an as yet unreported dissociation within the DMN. Whereas the dorsomedial component can be explained by emotional autobiographical memory, the ventral frontal one is predominantly associated with the resting state proper, possibly underlying fundamental motivational mechanisms engaged during spontaneous unconstrained ideation. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3302–3313, 2014. © 2013 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Us and Them: Distributional Preferences in Small and Large Groups

We analyze distributional preferences in games in which a decider chooses the provision of a good that benefits a receiver and creates costs for a group of payers. The average decider takes into account the welfare of all parties and has concerns for efficiency. However, she attaches similar weights to small and large groups so that she neglects large provision costs that are dispersed among many payers. This holds regardless of whether the decider benefits from the provision or not. A CES utility function which rationalizes average behavior implies altruism in bilateral situations and welfare-damaging actions when costs are dispersed.
Evaluating the Second Year of a Program that Integrates TOEIC® Speaking and Writing with Small Group Classes

本論文は，2年間連続で実施した少人数クラスで行われたTOEIC®S&W テストの調査研究の上に，更なる研究を行ったものである。 HiSPECというプログラムは，各学部1 年時の英語力トップクラスの学生に対して提供されたもので，英語力向上の支援を目的としたものである。 本論文の焦点は，HiSPECライティング授業に対する教師のフィードバック，アンケート調査に対する学生の反応，及びTOEIC®S&Wの結果である。 結果として，HiSPECライティング授業に関して，教師も学生も高い満足度があり，HiSPECライティング授業は学生にとって十分意味あるものであることがわかった。 また，10月と1月の間にTOEICライティングスコアにかなりの向上が見られた。 しかし，TOEICスピーキングに関しては，その向上は見られなかった。
Novel statistical methods for integrating genetic and stable isotope data to infer individual‐level migratory connectivity

Methods for determining patterns of migratory connectivity in animal ecology have historically been limited due to logistical challenges. Recent progress in studying migratory bird connectivity has been made using genetic and stable‐isotope markers to assign migratory individuals to their breeding grounds. Here, we present a novel Bayesian approach to jointly leverage genetic and isotopic markers and we test its utility on two migratory passerine bird species. Our approach represents a principled model‐based combination of genetic and isotope data from samples collected on the breeding grounds and is able to achieve levels of assignment accuracy that exceed those of either method alone. When applied at large scale the method can reveal specific migratory connectivity patterns. In Wilson's warblers (Wilsonia pusilla), we detect a subgroup of birds wintering in Baja that uniquely migrate preferentially from the coastal Pacific Northwest. Our approach is implemented in a way that is easily extended to accommodate additional sources of information (e.g. bi‐allelic markers, species distribution models, etc.) or adapted to other species or assignment problems.
Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work?

This study examined the impact of cyberloafing on employees' emotion and work. We also examined gender differences in employees' perception towards cyberloafing. In general, respondents felt that some form of cyberloafing at work was acceptable. Men were also more likely to report that cyberloafing has a positive impact on work compared to women. As well, our findings suggest that browsing activities have a positive impact on employees' emotion while emailing activities have a negative impact. Results of our study provide useful insights for researchers and managers in understanding employees' attitudes towards cyberloafing, and how cyberloafing can result in gain or drain in employees' work productivity.
Attenuation of haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with intravenous dexmedetomidine: A comparison between two doses

Background and Aims: Laryngoscopic manipulation and endotracheal intubation are noxious stimuli capable of producing tachycardia, arrhythmias and hypertension. The aim of this study was to arrive at an optimal dose of dexmedetomidine by comparing two doses with placebo to attenuate stress response during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Methods: It was a randomised, prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study. After Institutional Ethical Committee clearance, ninety patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1 were enrolled in the study and divided into three equal groups. Group A received normal saline, Group B received injection dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg and Group C received injection dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg as infusion over 10 min. The general anaesthesia technique was standardised for all three groups. The primary outcome measures were haemodynamic response at 1, 3 and 5 min after intubation. The secondary outcome measures were to note down any adverse effects associated with drugs. The statistical package used was SPSS version 15. Results: Groups were well matched for their demographic data. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between dexmedetomidine and normal saline in heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures at all time points after tracheal intubation with dexmedetomidine 0.75 μg/kg being most effective. Sedation scores were more with dexmedetomidine. None of the patients had any adverse effects such as hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and fall in oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 0.75 μg/kg intravenous is the optimal dose to attenuate stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Phase Diagram Analysis Based on a Temporal-Spatial Queueing Model

In this paper, we propose a simple temporal-spatial queueing model to quantitatively address some typical congestion patterns that were observed around on/off-ramps. In particular, we examine three prime factors that play important roles in ramping traffic scenarios: the time τ<sub>in</sub> for a vehicle to join a jam queue, the time τ<sub>out</sub> for this vehicle to depart from this jam queue, and the time interval <i>T</i> for the ramping vehicle to merge into the mainline. Based on Newell's simplified car-following model, we show how τ<sub>in</sub> changes with the main road flow rate <i>q</i><sub>main</sub>. Meanwhile, <i>T</i> is the reciprocal of the ramping road flow rate <i>q</i><sub>ramp</sub>. Thus, we analytically derive the macroscopic phase diagram plotted on the <i>q</i><sub>main</sub>-versus- <i>q</i><sub>ramp</sub> plane and τ<sub>in</sub>-versus-<i>T</i> plane based on the proposed model. Further study shows that the new queueing model not only reserves the merits of Newell's model on the microscopic level but helps quantify the contributions of these parameters in characterizing macroscopic congestion patterns as well. Previous approaches distinguished phases merely through simulations, but our model could derive analytical boundaries for the phases. The phase transition conditions obtained by this model agree well with simulations and empirical observations. These findings help reveal the origins of some well-known phenomena during traffic congestion.
From Translation to Audiovisual Translation in Foreign Language Learning

El papel de la traducción en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjerasha sido objeto de debate desde hace mucho tiempo. Especialmente con la llegada de enfoques más comunicativos, ha habido una tendencia a evitar cualquier tipo de traducción en la clase de idioma. Después de contextualizar la traducción en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras dentro de los métodos y enfoques de enseñanza que se han desarrollado a lo largo de los años, este artículo propone la subtitulación como una tarea de traducción audiovisual que puede ser usada de manera efectiva en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en el marco de una perspectiva comunicativa.
Coordination and Pricing in Multi-Object Auctions Completed Research Paper

Much research has focused on the design of efficient combinatorial auctions. Recent gametheoretical work highlights that strategy-proof ascending mechanisms for general valuations are impossible due to inherent free-rider problems in specific situations. We argue that these negative results are due to assumptions in Bayesian games which typically do not hold in online combinatorial auctions. However, bidders in larger ascending combinatorial auctions face a substantial coordination problem, which has received little attention in the literature. Losing bidders need to submit non-overlapping package bids which are high enough to outbid the standing winners. The proposed auction leverages the information that the auctioneer collects throughout the auction about the preferences of individual bidders and suggests prices for the members of losing bidder coalitions, which in total would make a given coalition winning. We model the bidder’s bundle selection problem as a coordination game, which provides a theoretical rationale for bidders to agree to these prices even though they might not maximize payoff in this round. Results of experiments with human participants demonstrated that this type of pricing substantially reduces the number of auction rounds and bids necessary to find a competitive equilibrium and even leads to higher efficiency. This rapid convergence is crucial for the practical viability of combinatorial auctions in larger markets.
The Mitochondrial F 0 F 1-ATPase Proton Pump Is Required for Function of the Proapoptotic Protein Bax in Yeast and Mammalian Cells

and activation of caspases (Xiang et al., 1996; JürgensThe proapoptotic mammalian protein Bax associates meier et al., 1997). It remains unclear whether these with mitochondrial membranes and confers a lethal effects of Bcl-2 and Bax on mitochondrial physiology phenotype when expressed in yeast. By generating are a direct result of their intrinsic activities as channel Bax-resistant mutant yeast and using classical comproteins, which conceivably may transport either ions plementation cloning methods, subunits of the mitoor proteins, as opposed to an indirect consequence of chondrial F0F1-ATPase proton pump were determined their effects on other channel proteins associated with to be critical for Bax-mediated killing in S. cerevisiae. mitochondrial membranes. A pharmacological inhibitor of the proton pump, oligoWhen expressed in either the budding yeast Sacchamycin, also partially abrogated the cytotoxic actions romyces cerevisiae or the fission yeast Schizosaccharoof Bax in yeast. In mammalian cells, oligomycin also myces pombe, theproapoptotic mammalian protein Bax inhibited Bax-induced apoptosis and activation of cell confers a lethal phenotype (Sato et al., 1994; Ink et al., death proteases. The findings imply that an intact F0F11997; Jürgensmeier et al., 1997). Yeast cells undergoing ATPase in the inner membrane of mitochondria is necBax-induced death exhibit ultrastructural changes that essary for optimal function of Bax in both yeast and include massive cytosolic vacuolarization and apparent mammalian cells. disruption of mitochondria (Ink et al., 1997; Jürgens-
Comparisons of De Novo Transcriptome Assemblers in Diploid and Polyploid Species Using Peanut (Arachis spp.) RNA-Seq Data

The narrow genetic base and limited genetic information on Arachis species have hindered the process of marker-assisted selection of peanut cultivars. However, recent developments in sequencing technologies have expanded opportunities to exploit genetic resources, and at lower cost. To use the genetic information for Arachis species available at the transcriptome level, it is important to have a good quality reference transcriptome. The available Tifrunner 454 FLEX transcriptome sequences have an assembly with 37,000 contigs and low N50 values of 500-751bp. Therefore, we generated de novo transcriptome assemblies, with about 38 million reads in the tetraploid cultivar OLin, and 16 million reads in each of the diploids, A. duranensis K38901 and A. ipaënsis KGBSPSc30076 using three different de novo assemblers, Trinity, SOAPdenovo-Trans and TransAByss. All these assemblers can use single kmer analysis, and the latter two also permit multiple kmer analysis. Assemblies generated for all three samples had N50 values ranging from 1278–1641 bp in Arachis hypogaea (AABB), 1401–1492 bp in Arachis duranensis (AA), and 1107–1342 bp in Arachis ipaënsis (BB). Comparison with legume ESTs and protein databases suggests that assemblies generated had more than 40% full length transcripts with good continuity. Also, on mapping the raw reads to each of the assemblies generated, Trinity had a high success rate in assembling sequences compared to both TransAByss and SOAPdenovo-Trans. De novo assembly of OLin had a greater number of contigs (67,098) and longer contig length (N50 = 1,641) compared to the Tifrunner TSA. Despite having shorter read length (2×50) than the Tifrunner 454FLEX TSA, de novo assembly of OLin proved superior in comparison. Assemblies generated to represent different genome combinations may serve as a valuable resource for the peanut research community.
Daily life activity and the risk of developing hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men.

BACKGROUND Although previous studies suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of hypertension, the role of daily life activity in the development of hypertension remains unclear. METHODS The study population included 2548 Japanese male office workers aged 35 to 59 years, who were without hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure [DBP] <90 mm Hg, and no medication for hypertension) and had no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily life energy expenditure was estimated by a 1-day activity record during an ordinary weekday at study entry. Blood pressures were measured at periodic annual health examinations over 7 successive years. RESULTS After controlling for potential predictors of hypertension (age, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, regular physical exercise at entry, and change in body mass index during the follow-up period), mean SBP and DBP in each follow-up year decreased as daily life energy expenditure increased. With additional adjustment for SBP at entry, the relative risk of hypertension (SBP > or =140 mm Hg and/or DBP > or =90 mm Hg or medication for hypertension) across quartiles of daily life energy expenditure (lowest to highest) were 1.00, 0.84, 0.75, and 0.54 (P<.001 for trend). Analyses by presence or absence of a risk factor demonstrated that the risk of hypertension was inversely related to daily life energy expenditure in men at either low or high risk of hypertension. Daily life energy expenditure was also associated with reduced risk of hypertension for subjects in all 3 categories of normotension: low normal, normal, and high normal. CONCLUSIONS Increased daily life activity is effective for the prevention of hypertension, and this benefit applies to men at either low or high risk of hypertension.