Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supernova 2006aj and the associated X-Ray Flash 060218

Aims. We have studied the afterglow of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) of February 18, 2006. This is a nearby long GRB, with a very low peak energy, and is therefore classified as an X-ray Flash (XRF). XRF 060218 is clearly associated with a supernova – dubbed SN 2006aj. Methods. We present early spectra for SN 2006aj as well as optical lightcurves reaching out to 50 days past explosion. Results. Our optical lightcurves define the rise times, the lightcurve shapes and the absolute magnitudes in the U, V and R bands, and we compare these data with data for other relevant supernovae. SN 2006aj evolved quite fast, somewhat similarly to SN 2002ap, but not as fast as SN 1994I. Our spectra show the evolution of the supernova over the peak, when the U-band portion of the spectrum rapidly fades due to extensive line blanketing. We compare to similar spectra of very energetic type Ic supernovae. Our first spectra are earlier than spectra for any other GRB-SN. The spectrum taken 12 days after burst in the rest frame is similar to somewhat later spectra of both SN 1998bw and SN 2003dh, implying a rapid early evolution. This is consistent with the fast lightcurve. From the narrow emission lines from the host galaxy we derive a redshift of z = 0.0331 ± 0.0007. This makes XRF 060218 the second closest gamma-ray burst detected. The flux of these emission lines indicate a high-excitation state, and a modest metallicity and star formation rate of the host galaxy.
Prospective ESL/EFL Teachers’ Perceptions towards Writing Poetry in a Second Language: Difficulty, Value, Emotion, and Attitude

The study aims to explore how 18 M.A. TESOL students, who are prospective or experienced ESL/EFL teachers, perceive poetry writing in a second language. A qualitative interview-based design was utilized. Following Iida’s (2012a) analytical framework in examining EFL students’ perceptions toward writing haiku in English, this current study investigates 18 prospective ESL/EFL teachers’ perspectives through the lens of difficulty, value, emotion, and attitude. In order to validate the coding of the interviews, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test was computed among three interview coders including the primary researcher, which yields a great agreement rate at . 86. The results indicate that while these prospective ESL/EFL teachers understand writing poetry in a second language involves various difficulties, they acknowledge the values of utilizing poetry writing in second language classrooms. The results also show that writing poetry in a second language contains both positive and negative emotions, but positive ones are more frequently addressed. Most importantly, the data suggests that writing poetry in a second language is considered as an applicable practice in ESL/EFL language classrooms.
Evidence of Mirror Neurons in Human Inferior Frontal Gyrus

There is much current debate about the existence of mirror neurons in humans. To identify mirror neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) of humans, we used a repetition suppression paradigm while measuring neural activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects either executed or observed a series of actions. Here we show that in the IFG, responses were suppressed both when an executed action was followed by the same rather than a different observed action and when an observed action was followed by the same rather than a different executed action. This pattern of responses is consistent with that predicted by mirror neurons and is evidence of mirror neurons in the human IFG.
Mann-Type Steepest-Descent and Modified Hybrid Steepest-Descent Methods for Variational Inequalities in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we propose three different kinds of iteration schemes to compute the approximate solutions of variational inequalities in the setting of Banach spaces. First, we suggest Mann-type steepest-descent iterative algorithm, which is based on two well-known methods: Mann iterative method and steepest-descent method. Second, we introduce modified hybrid steepest-descent iterative algorithm. Third, we propose modified hybrid steepest-descent iterative algorithm by using the resolvent operator. For the first two cases, we prove the convergence of sequences generated by the proposed algorithms to a solution of a variational inequality in the setting of Banach spaces. For the third case, we prove the convergence of the iterative sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a zero of an operator, which is also a solution of a variational inequality.
Hopelessness and Youth Violent Behavior: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Researchers have often neglected the role of hopelessness in violent behavior during adolescence. Moreover, little research has examined this relationship over time. Using data from Waves I and II of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we explore the relationship between hopelessness and youth violent behavior over time. Poisson regression was used to analyze contributors to violence in just Wave I, and again across time in Wave II using explanatory and control variables from Wave I. Results indicate that hopelessness is positively associated with violent behavior. Furthermore, while hopelessness and most other explanatory variables predicted violent behavior in Wave I, almost all variables became non-significant or negative except hopelessness and acts of minor delinquency when predicting violence in Wave II.
The nuclear pore complex – structure and function at a glance

ABSTRACT Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are indispensable for cell function and are at the center of several human diseases. NPCs provide access to the nucleus and regulate the transport of proteins and RNA across the nuclear envelope. They are aqueous channels generated from a complex network of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as nucleporins. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we discuss how transport between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm is regulated, what we currently know about the structure of individual nucleoporins and the assembled NPC, and how the cell regulates assembly and disassembly of such a massive structure. Our aim is to provide a general overview on what we currently know about the nuclear pore and point out directions of research this area is heading to.
Gendered Public Support for Criminalizing “Revenge Porn”

Many states have criminalized “revenge porn,” an increasingly common form of online sexual abuse. Yet, we know little regarding attitudes toward these laws. Through an original survey of nearly 500 U.S. residents, we find widespread public support for criminalization, but support varies by respondent’s self-identified gender and revenge porn type. Women favor criminalization more than men, but support falls among women and men when the subject created the media, colloquially known as “selfies” or “noodz. ” Results suggest that women expressing their sexuality are deemed less deserving of protection, reinforcing feminist legal critiques of criminal law as insufficient to prevent sexual abuse.
Neural Correlates of Changes in a Visual Search Task due to Cognitive Training in Seniors

This study aimed to elucidate the underlying neural sources of near transfer after a multidomain cognitive training in older participants in a visual search task. Participants were randomly assigned to a social control, a no-contact control and a training group, receiving a 4-month paper-pencil and PC-based trainer guided cognitive intervention. All participants were tested in a before and after session with a conjunction visual search task. Performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) suggest that the cognitive training improved feature processing of the stimuli which was expressed in an increased rate of target detection compared to the control groups. This was paralleled by enhanced amplitudes of the frontal P2 in the ERP and by higher activation in lingual and parahippocampal brain areas which are discussed to support visual feature processing. Enhanced N1 and N2 potentials in the ERP for nontarget stimuli after cognitive training additionally suggest improved attention and subsequent processing of arrays which were not immediately recognized as targets. Possible test repetition effects were confined to processes of stimulus categorisation as suggested by the P3b potential. The results show neurocognitive plasticity in aging after a broad cognitive training and allow pinpointing the functional loci of effects induced by cognitive training.
Respiratory Monitoring by Porphyrin Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors

A respiratory monitoring system based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor with a functional film was designed and investigated. Porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TSPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride (MnTSPP) used as sensitive elements were assembled with a poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA). Films were deposited on the QCM resonators using layer-by-layer method in order to develop the sensor. The developed system, in which the sensor response reflects lung movements, was able to track human respiration providing respiratory rate (RR) and respiratory pattern (RP). The sensor system was tested on healthy volunteers to compare RPs and calculate RRs. The operation principle of the proposed system is based on the fast adsorption/desorption behavior of water originated from human breath into the sensor films deposited on the QCM electrode.
Recognition of Posttranslationally Modified GAD65 Epitopes in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

Posttranslational modification (PTM) of self-proteins has been shown to elicit clinically relevant immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that recognition of modified self-proteins may also be important in type 1 diabetes. Our objective was to identify posttranslationally modified GAD65 peptides, which are recognized by subjects with type 1 diabetes, and to assess their disease relevance. We show that citrullination and transglutamination of peptides can enhance their binding to DRB1*04:01, a diabetes-susceptible HLA allele. These and corresponding modifications to amino acids at T-cell contact positions modulated the recognition of multiple GAD65 peptides by self-reactive T cells. Using class II tetramers, we verified that memory T cells specific for these modified epitopes were detectable directly ex vivo in the peripheral blood of subjects with type 1 diabetes at significantly higher frequencies than healthy controls. Furthermore, T cells that recognize these modified epitopes were either less responsive or nonresponsive to their unmodified counterparts. Our findings suggest that PTM contributes to the progression of autoimmune diabetes by eliciting T-cell responses to new epitope specificities that are present primarily in the periphery, thereby circumventing tolerance mechanisms.
Formation of nucleoprotein filaments by mammalian DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in complex with regulator Dnmt3L

The C-terminal domains of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L form elongated heterotetramers (3L-3a-3a-3L). Analytical ultracentrifugation confirmed the Dnmt3a-C/3L-C complex exists as a 2:2 heterotetramer in solution. The 3a–3a interface is the DNA-binding site, while both interfaces are essential for AdoMet binding and catalytic activity. Hairpin bisulfite analysis shows correlated methylation of two CG sites in a distance of ∼8-10 bp in the opposite DNA strands, which corresponds to the geometry of the two active sites in one Dnmt3a-C/3L-C tetramer. Correlated methylation was also observed for two CG sites at similar distances in the same DNA strand, which can be attributed to the binding of two tetramers next to each other. DNA-binding experiments show that Dnmt3a-C/3L-C complexes multimerize on the DNA. Scanning force microscopy demonstrates filament formation rather than binding of single tetramers and shows that protein–DNA filament formation leads to a 1.5-fold shortening of the DNA length.
A single standardized practical training for surgical scrubbing according to EN1500: Effect Quantification, value of the standardized method and comparison with clinical reference groups

The standardized training of practical competences in skills labs is relatively new among German Medical Faculties. The broad acceptance and outstanding evaluation results do not provide objective data on the efficiency and cost-efficiency of these trainings. This study aims on the quantification of the teaching effect of the surgical scrubbing technique EN1500 and its comparison with clinical references of OR personnel. Methods: 161 4th year medical students were randomized into intervention and control group. The intervention group received a 45 minute standardized peer-teaching training of practical competences necessary in the OR including the scrubbing according to EN1500. Fluorescence dye was mixed in the disinfectant solution. After hand disinfection, standardized fotographs and semi-automated digital processing resulted in quantification of the insufficiently covered hand area. These results were compared with the control group that received the training after the test. In order to provide information on the achieved clinical competence level, the results were compared with the two clinical reference groups. Results: The intervention group remained with 4,99% (SD 2,34) insufficiently covered hand area after the training compared to the control group 7,33% (SD 3,91), p<0,01. There was no significant difference between control group and reference groups: surgeons 9,32% (SD 4,97), scrub nurses 8,46% (SD 4,66). The student intervention group showed results that were significantly better than the clinical references. The methodic mistake remained negligible. In the sub-group analysis, the students with low or medium experience in surgical scrubbing and hand disinfection derived highest benefit from the training, whereas students with no or high experience did benefit less. All participants showed better results on hand palms compared to back of hand areas. Discussion: A single standardized peer-teaching of surgical scrubbing and hand disinfection according to EN1500 is sufficient to improve the measurable coverage of hand area and reduce the disinfection gap by 1/3. In absolute measures, the competence level of experienced surgeons and scrub nurses is achieved or even exceeded.
Answering Image Riddles using Vision and Reasoning through Probabilistic Soft Logic

In this work, we explore a genre of puzzles ("image riddles") which involves a set of images and a question. Answering these puzzles require both capabilities involving visual detection (including object, activity recognition) and, knowledge-based or commonsense reasoning. We compile a dataset of over 3k riddles where each riddle consists of 4 images and a groundtruth answer. The annotations are validated using crowd-sourced evaluation. We also define an automatic evaluation metric to track future progress. Our task bears similarity with the commonly known IQ tasks such as analogy solving, sequence filling that are often used to test intelligence. We develop a Probabilistic Reasoning-based approach that utilizes probabilistic commonsense knowledge to answer these riddles with a reasonable accuracy. We demonstrate the results of our approach using both automatic and human evaluations. Our approach achieves some promising results for these riddles and provides a strong baseline for future attempts. We make the entire dataset and related materials publicly available to the community in ImageRiddle Website (this http URL).
First detection of Lyman continuum escape from a local starburst galaxy. I. Observations of the lumi

The dominating reionization source in the young universe has yet to be identified. Possible candidates include metal poor starburst dwarf galaxies of which the Blue Compact Galaxy Haro 11 may represent a local counterpart. Using the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) we obtained spectra of Haro 11 to search for leaking ionizing radiation. A weak signal shortwards of the Lyman break is identified as Lyman continuum (LyC) emission escaping from the ongoing starburst. From profile fitting to weak metal lines we derive column densities of the low ionization species. Adopting a metallicity typical of the H II regions of Haro 11, the corresponding H I column density is optically thick in the LyC. Therefore most of the LyC photons must escape through transparent holes in the interstellar medium. Using spectral evolutionary models we constrain the escape fraction of the produced LyC photons to between 4 and 10%, assuming a normal Salpeter IMF. We argue that in a hierarchical galaxy formation scenario, this allows for a substantial contribution to cosmic reionization by starburst dwarf galaxies at high redshifts.
The Effect of Blockholder Ownership on Firm Value in Market-and Control-Based Governance Systems

We use Granger-tests to examine the causal relationship between blockholder ownership and value of the largest EU and US companies. Previous studies on US data have found no systematic effect, but we propose that these results may not carry over to continental Europe, where ownership concentration is higher, the level of investor protection is lower, and influential blockholders may have other objectives than shareholder value. In accordance with previous research, we find no significant causal effects either way in the US/UK. But in continental Europe we find a negative effect of blockholder ownership on firm value. Further analysis reveals that this effect is significant only for companies with high initial levels of blockholder ownership (> 10%). We interpret this as evidence that ownership concentration in continental Europe may be too high from a minority shareholder value viewpoint. JEL classifications: G32, L20
Living the Teaching Practicum Within Dichotomies: The Story From Within When Implementing ICTs in the English Language Classroom

This article reports the results of an introspective research conducted by a student-teacher and her advisor. Both met regularly over a period of one year and a half as part of the student-teacher academic work for the Research I class. As a result of their conversation the student-teacher and her advisor decided to document the former’s experience during her teaching practicum as she was trying to implement an innovation using m-learning in a public school in Bogota. The analysis of data (narrative introspection, introspective interview, and lesson plans) shows that the student-teacher lived her teaching practicum within dichotomies in three dimensions we named negotiating between epistemologies , making up for logistic/technological flaws , and mending the self: between frustration and achievement .
Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of Thai-Makham Pom (Phyllanthus emblica L.) aqueous extracts

概要通过对余甘子不同部位(叶、 枝和树皮)水提物的总酚含量的测定及体外抗氧化活性的研究, 为其体内及临床试验研究奠定了基础。 余甘子叶、 枝和树皮的水提物皆具有抗氧化活性, 其中树皮中的总酚含量最高, 抗氧化活性最强。
The empathy-altruism hypothesis in autism

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Paradigma aus dem Forschungsfeld „prosoziales Verhalten“ an einer Autismus- und einer Kontrollgruppe angewendet. Es wurde untersucht, wie sich das emotionale Erleben der Teilnehmenden verandert, wenn diese aufgefordert werden, die Perspektive einer notleidenden Person einzunehmen, wahrend sie ein Video sahen, indem ein Obdachloser (die notleidende Person) uber sein Leben erzahlte. Es wurde auch untersucht, ob hierdurch prosoziales Verhalten induziert werden konnte, indem den Teilnehmenden die Moglichkeit gegeben wurde, fur den Obdachlosen zu spenden. Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen (Autismus- und Kontrollgruppe) und zwischen beiden Bedingungen (Persektivenubernahme und Objektiv) wurden fur die Variablen Empathie, Distress und prosoziales Verhalten untersucht. Die Perspektivenubernahme hat in keiner der beiden Gruppen zu mehr Empathie gefuhrt. In der Autismusgruppe wurde jedoch mehr Distress berichtet. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Empathie und prosozialem Verhalten hat sich in der Autismusgruppe gezeigt. Es gab keinen Unterschied im emotionalen Erleben, wenn Autismus- und Kontrollgruppe miteinander verglichen wurden. Ebenso hat sich das Ausmas der Hilfsbereitschaft nicht unterschieden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Personen mit Autismus nicht weniger empathisch oder hilfsbereit sind, als Personen ohne Autismus. Dass dieses Ergebnis von fruheren Studien abweicht, konnte damit zusammenhangen, dass Empathie auf eine andere Art erhoben wurde.
Clinical Study Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Cervical Neoplasia in Women from a Rural Area of Southern Mozambique

There is limited information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and the prevalence of cervical neoplasia in rural sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the prevalence and the etiology of STIs and the prevalence of cervical neoplasia among women in southern Mozambique. An age-stratified cross-sectional study was performed where 262 women aged 14 to 61 years were recruited at the antenatal clinic (59%), the family-planning clinic (7%), and from the community (34%). At least one active STI was diagnosed in 79% of women. Trichomonas vaginalis was present in 31% of all study participants. The prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis were 14% and 8%, respectively, and Syphilis was diagnosed in 12% of women. HPV DNA was detected in 40% of women and cervical neoplasia was diagnosed in 12% of all women. Risk factors associated with the presence of some of the STIs were being divorced or widowed, having more than one sexual partner and having the partner living in another area. A higher prevalence was observed in the reproductive age group and some of the STIs were more frequently diagnosed in pregnant women. STI control programs are a priority to reduce the STIs burden, including HIV and cervical neoplasia.
Influence of organomineral fertilization in the development of the potato crop CV. Cupid

The potato crop is very demanding regarding the presence of nutrients in the form readily available in soil solution and the climatic conditions to ensure satisfactory production of tubers. Each potato cultivar has specific characteristics for its development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and productivity of potato cv. Cupid, due to doses of fertilizers and the parceling of organomineral fertilization of the plantation and coverage compared to the use of the mineral. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Perdizes, in Minas Gerais, in the harvest of 2014/15. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with a factorial scheme of 4 doses x 2 nitrogen managements + control treatment (conventional mineral dose) in 3 replicates. The doses of organomineral fertilizer were: 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the mineral dose of 600 kg ha of potassium sulphate, 850 kg ha monoammonium phosphate, and 300 kg ha of ammonium sulphate. The management of the fertilization consisted of the achievement or not of the coverage that was made at 19 days after planting (DAP) along with the hilling. At 36, 54, 64 and 81 DAP, collection of plants was performed for the characterization of potato growth. No differences were observed between the doses of organomineral fertilizer as well as in the management of coverage in relation to the use of the mineral. However, the dose of 75% of the organomineral fertilizer with the realization of coverage provided better physiological response of the plants in relation to the accumulation of dry mass.