Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Content Analysis of Online Communities for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

In this paper, we present the results of a content analysis of online communities for d/Deaf and hard of hearing people. Twelve publicly accessible Facebook communities were examined operating in German. We analyzed the content published within a six-week period with the instrument, comprising relational, substantive and technical aspects of communities. The relational aspect covered the organization of communities, the substantive aspect covered communication between community members and and the technical aspect pertained to accessibility indicators. Results revealed three main findings. Firstly, analyzed communities are mostly established and led by institutions, organizations or associations. On average, communities have 1,385 members and their aim is to support d/Deaf people in personal, educational and professional domains. Secondly, both sign and written language are used in communities, and communication between the administrator and members most frequently takes place. Thirdly, the feature of posting videos is available in most of the communities analyzed to an administrator only, while the feature of posting comments by videos is not technically available at all. Our findings may aid in understanding that Facebook communities for d/Deaf and hard of hearing people mainly support activities of communities in the offline world where the influence of institutions which initiated online communities is still evident.
THERMOMECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF OVERHANG FABRICATIONS IN ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is one of powder-bed-fusion additive manufacturing processes that are capable of making full density metallic components. EBAM has a great potential in various high-value, small-batch productions in biomedical and aerospace industries. In EBAM, because a build part is immersed in the powder bed, ideally the process would not require support structures for overhang geometry. However, in practice, support structures are indeed needed for an overhang; without it, the overhang area will have defects such as warping, which is due to the complex thermomechanical process in EBAM. In this study, a thermomechanical finite element model has been developed to simulate temperature and stress fields when building a simple overhang in order to examine the root cause of overhang warping. It is found that the poor thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V powder results in higher temperatures, also slower heat dissipation, in an overhang area, in EBAM builds. The retained higher temperatures in the area above the powder substrate result in higher residual stresses in an overhang area, and lower powder porosity may reduce the residual stresses associated with building an overhang.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Metabolic rate of camels: effect of body temperature and dehydration.

SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, K. , E. C. CRAWFORD, JR., A. E. NEWSOME, K. S. RAWSON, AND H. T. HAMMEL. Metabolic rate of camels: effect of body temperature and dehydration. Am. J. Physiol. 2 I ~(2) : 341-346. 19670 -The effect on metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) of changes in body temperature and state of dehydration was studied in four camels. The data were subjected to multiple-regression analysis. The metabolic rate increased with rising body temperature as expressed by a mean Qro of 2.06. The metabolic rate decreased with increasing dehydration, reaching about 77 yO of the original value at 77 yO of the initial hydrated body weight. The rate of respiration (rate of breathing) increased with rising body temperature with a mean Qlo of 10.86. Th e rate of respiration was decreased to 640/ of the initial value when dehydration had reduced the body weight to 77 yO of the initial weight.
A novel vascular targeting strategy for brain‐derived endothelial cells using a TCR mimic antibody

Organ‐specific vascular targeting, for example, to the blood–brain barrier, requires the identification of unique molecular addresses on a subset of endothelial cells. The present study describes a crucial step towards tapping the exquisite specificity of the peptide/HLA class I system for this goal. We utilized a novel T‐cell receptor (TCR) mimic antibody of high affinity and specificity, which is restricted by HLA‐A2 and has been generated to recognize a peptide epitope derived from p68 RNA helicase (YLLPAIVHI). The parent protein is highly expressed by brain endothelial cells. Flow cytometry and confocal imaging showed that the antibody binds to HLA‐A2‐positive human brain‐derived endothelial cells, both immortalized hCMEC/D3 cells and primary cells. The TCR mimic antibody undergoes internalization into vesicles, where significant colocalization occurs with the early endosomal marker EEA‐1, but barely with caveolin‐1. To our knowledge internalization of neither MHC class I protein nor TCR mimics by brain endothelial cells has been previously observed. Knock down of p68 protein expression by siRNA reduced the presentation of YLLPAIVHI‐peptide/HLA‐A2 complexes on the cell membrane by half as measured by flow cytometry 48 h later. We also found that brain endothelial cells isolated from HLA‐A2 transgenic mouse strains express the A2 transgene, and brain endothelial cells of one of these strains also present YLLPAIVHI‐peptide/HLA‐A2, making these mouse strains suitable models for studying TCR mimic antibodies in vivo. In conclusion, these data strongly support the notion that TCR mimic antibodies could be a new class of therapeutic targeting agents in a wide variety of diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 664–672, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of anatomical and physiological specialization in the compound eyes of stomatopod crustaceans

SUMMARY Stomatopod crustaceans have complex and diverse visual systems. Among their many unique features are a specialized ommatidial region (the midband) that enables the eye to have multiple overlapping visual fields, as well as sets of spectral filters that are intercalated at two levels between tiers of photoreceptors involved in polychromatic color vision. Although the physiology and visual function of stomatopod eyes have been studied for many years, how these unique visual features originated and diversified is still an open question. In order to investigate how stomatopods have attained the current complexity in visual function, we have combined physiological and morphological information (e.g. number of midband rows, number of filters in the retina, and the spectral properties of filters) with new phylogenetic analyses of relationships among species based on nucleotide sequence data from two nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA) and two mitochondrial [16S and cytochrome oxidase I (COI)] genes. Based on our recovered phylogenetic relationships among species, we propose two new superfamilies within the Stomatopoda: Hemisquilloidea and Pseudosquillodea. Maximum likelihood ancestral state reconstructions indicate that ancestral stomatopod eyes contained six midband rows and four intrarhabdomal filters, illustrating that the visual physiological complexity originated early in stomatopod evolutionary history. While the two distal filters contain conservative sets of filter pigments, the proximal filters show more spectral diversity in filter types, particularly in midband row 2, and are involved in tuning the color vision system to the photic environment. In particular, a set of related gonodactyloid families (Gonodactylidae, Protosquillidae, Takuidae) inhabiting shallow, brightly lit coral reef waters contain the largest diversity of filter pigments, which are spectrally placed relative to the underlying photoreceptors to take advantage of the broad spectrum of light available in the environment.
The Antinociceptive Properties of the Corydalis yanhusuo Extract

Corydalis yanhusuo. W.T. extracts (YHS) are widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. There are a few studies that assessed the effects of YHS in pain assays; however, none of these studies has systematically compared its activities in the different pain animal modes namely: acute, inflammatory and chronic pain. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanism of YHS activity in these assays. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the antinociceptive properties of YHS by testing it in four standardized pain assays and to investigate its mechanism. YHS antinociceptive properties were analyzed in the tail flick, the formalin paw licking, the von Frey filament and the hot box assays after spinal nerve ligation, which monitors acute nociceptive, persistent inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain, respectively. YHS pharmacological profile was determined by screening it against a battery of G-protein coupled receptors and its mechanism of action was studied using knock-out mice. Our study shows that YHS, at a non-sedative dose, increases the tail flick latency in the tail flick assay without resulting in development of tolerance. YHS also decreases paw licking time in the formalin assay. Further, YHS increases paw withdraw threshold and latency in the von Frey filament and the hot box assays, respectively. In vitro, YHS exhibits prominent dopamine receptor antagonistic properties. In dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice, its antinociceptive effects are attenuated in acute and neuropathic pain but not inflammatory pain assays. Our results therefore indicate that YHS effectively attenuates acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, without causing tolerance. The effects on acute and neuropathic pain, but not inflammatory pain, are at least partially mediated through dopamine D2 receptor antagonism. Since YHS is a dietary supplement commercially available in the United States, our data suggest that it might be a candidate for alternative pain treatment.
Effects of Combination Treatment of Intravesical Resiniferatoxin Instillation and Hydrodistention in Patients with Refractory Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study

Purpose Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a disabling disease of the urinary bladder, and its etiology and treatment are not yet established. Current medications used in the treatment of PBS/IC have shown limited efficacy. This prospective study investigated the efficacy of intravesical resiniferatoxin (RTX) in PBS/IC refractory to medical treatment. Methods Patients with proven PBS/IC refractory to traditional medical treatment were enrolled. By randomized trial, a total of 18 consecutive patients were divided into two groups: treatment with hydrodistention and intravesical RTX (group 1) or treatment with hydrodistension only (group 2). We assessed bladder pain by use of a visual analogue pain scale, the maximal urine flow rate, post-void residual urine volume, and a voiding diary before and 3 months after treatment. Results The median age of the 18 patients was 55.8±6.9 years, and the median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 3.6±1.6 years. Frequency, functional bladder capacity, and score on a 5-point pain scale were significantly improved at 3-month after treatment in both groups. Intravesical RTX instillation plus hydrodistention, compared with hydrodistention only, did not have a significant effect on the voiding symptoms or uroflowmetry of the patients but significantly improved scores on the pain scale. Conclusions Intravesical RTX instillation plus hydrodistention was effective in relieving pain but was not effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms. Further larger studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of combination treatment of intravesical RTX instillation and hydrodistention.
Pak1 Regulates the Orientation of Apical Polarization and Lumen Formation by Distinct Pathways

The development of the basic architecture of branching tubules enclosing a central lumen that characterizes most epithelial organs crucially depends on the apico-basolateral polarization of epithelial cells. Signals from the extracellular matrix control the orientation of the apical surface, so that it faces the lumen interior, opposite to cell-matrix adhesion sites. This orientation of the apical surface is thought to be intrinsically linked to the formation of single lumens. We previously demonstrated in three-dimensional cyst cultures of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that signaling by β1 integrins regulates the orientation of the apical surface, via a mechanism that depends on the activity of the small GTPase Rac1. Here, we investigated whether the Rac1 effector Pak1 is a downstream effector in this pathway. Expression of constitutive active Pak1 phenocopies the effect of β1 integrin inhibition in that it misorients the apical surface and induces a multilumen phenotype. The misorientation of apical surfaces depends on the interaction of active Pak1 with PIX proteins and is linked to defects in basement membrane assembly. In contrast, the multilumen phenotype was independent of PIX and the basement membrane. Therefore, Pak1 likely regulates apical polarization and lumen formation by two distinct pathways.
Three Laws of Behavior Genetics and What They Mean

Behavior genetics has demonstrated that genetic variance is an important component of variation for all behavioral outcomes, but variation among families is not. These results have led some critics of behavior genetics to conclude that heritability is so ubiquitous as to have few consequences for scientific understanding of development, while some behavior genetic partisans have concluded that family environment is not an important cause of developmental outcomes. Both views are incorrect. Genotype is in fact a more systematic source of variability than environment, but for reasons that are methodological rather than substantive. Development is fundamentally nonlinear, interactive, and difficult to control experimentally. Twin studies offer a useful methodological shortcut, but do not show that genes are more fundamental than environments.
Biaxial Bending Failure Locus for Woven-Thin-Ply Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic Structures

This paper presents a study of the maximum biaxial curvatures that can be applied to woven-thin-ply carbon flbre reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures. A new test has been devised to impose biaxial curvatures; the test relies on the use of cylindrically curved specimens. Finite element analysis is used to show that the test is insensitive to the dimensions of the specimen and the boundary conditions.
A Rare Renal Epithelial Tumor: Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary renal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare lesion of kidney which originates from the metaplasia of the renal pelvic uroepithelium. Only one case with primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma has been reported in the English literature. We report second case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma which was radiologically classified as type-IIF Bosniak cyst in peripheral localization. We aimed to present this extreme and unusual entity with its radiological, surgical, and pathologic aspects under the light of literature.
Coordinated protein co‐expression in plants by harnessing the synergy between an intein and a viral 2A peptide

Summary A novel approach is developed for coordinated expression of multiple proteins from a single transgene in plants. An Ssp DnaE mini‐intein variant engineered for hyper‐N‐terminal autocleavage is covalently linked to the foot‐and‐mouth disease virus 2A (F2A) peptide with unique ribosome skipping property, via a peptide linker, to create an ‘IntF2A’ self‐excising fusion protein domain. This IntF2A domain acts, in cis, to direct highly effective release of its flanking proteins of interest (POIs) from a ‘polyprotein’ precursor in plants. This is successfully demonstrated in stably transformed cultured tobacco cells as well as in different organs of transgenic tobacco plants. Highly efficient polyprotein processing mediated by the IntF2A domain was also demonstrated in lettuce and Nicotiana benthamiana based on transient expression. Protein constituents released from the polyprotein precursor displayed proper function and accumulated at similar levels inside the cells. Importantly, no C‐terminal F2A extension remains on the released POIs. We demonstrated co‐expression of as many as three proteins in plants without compromising expression levels when compared with those using single‐protein vectors. Accurate differential cellular targeting of released POIs is also achieved. In addition, we succeeded in expressing a fully assembled and functional chimeric anti‐His Tag antibody in N. benthamiana leaves. The IntF2A‐based polyprotein transgene system overcomes key impediments of existing strategies for multiprotein co‐expression in plants, which is particularly important for gene/trait stacking.
Clinical-Community Partnerships to Identify Patients With Food Insecurity and Address Food Needs

Introduction More than 42 million people in the United States are food insecure. Although some health care entities are addressing food insecurity among patients because of associations with disease risk and management, little is known about the components of these initiatives. Methods The Systematic Screening and Assessment Method was used to conduct a landscape assessment of US health care entity–based programs that screen patients for food insecurity and connect them with food resources. A network of food insecurity researchers, experts, and practitioners identified 57 programs, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria of being health care entities that 1) screen patients for food insecurity, 2) link patients to food resources, and 3) target patients including adults aged 50 years or older (a focus of this assessment). Data on key features of each program were abstracted from documentation and telephone interviews. Results Most programs (n = 13) focus on patients with chronic disease, and most (n = 12) partner with food banks. Common interventions include referrals to or a list of food resources (n = 19), case managers who navigate patients to resources (n = 15), assistance with federal benefit applications (n = 14), patient education and skill building (n = 13), and distribution of fruit and vegetable vouchers redeemable at farmers markets (n = 8). Most programs (n = 14) routinely screen all patients. Conclusion The programs reviewed use various strategies to screen patients, including older adults, for food insecurity and to connect them to food resources. Research is needed on program effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Such evidence can be used to inform the investments of potential stakeholders, including health care entities, community organizations, and insurers.
Model of a DNA-Protein Complex of the Architectural Monomeric Protein MC1 from Euryarchaea

In Archaea the two major modes of DNA packaging are wrapping by histone proteins or bending by architectural non-histone proteins. To supplement our knowledge about the binding mode of the different DNA-bending proteins observed across the three domains of life, we present here the first model of a complex in which the monomeric Methanogen Chromosomal protein 1 (MC1) from Euryarchaea binds to the concave side of a strongly bent DNA. In laboratory growth conditions MC1 is the most abundant architectural protein present in Methanosarcina thermophila CHTI55. Like most proteins that strongly bend DNA, MC1 is known to bind in the minor groove. Interaction areas for MC1 and DNA were mapped by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data. The polarity of protein binding was determined using paramagnetic probes attached to the DNA. The first structural model of the DNA-MC1 complex we propose here was obtained by two complementary docking approaches and is in good agreement with the experimental data previously provided by electron microscopy and biochemistry. Residues essential to DNA-binding and -bending were highlighted and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. It was found that the Arg25 side-chain was essential to neutralize the negative charge of two phosphates that come very close in response to a dramatic curvature of the DNA.
Improving scoring‐docking‐screening powers of protein–ligand scoring functions using random forest

The development of new protein–ligand scoring functions using machine learning algorithms, such as random forest, has been of significant interest. By efficiently utilizing expanded feature sets and a large set of experimental data, random forest based scoring functions (RFbScore) can achieve better correlations to experimental protein–ligand binding data with known crystal structures; however, more extensive tests indicate that such enhancement in scoring power comes with significant under‐performance in docking and screening power tests compared to traditional scoring functions. In this work, to improve scoring‐docking‐screening powers of protein–ligand docking functions simultaneously, we have introduced a ΔvinaRF parameterization and feature selection framework based on random forest. Our developed scoring function ΔvinaRF20, which employs 20 descriptors in addition to the AutoDock Vina score, can achieve superior performance in all power tests of both CASF‐2013 and CASF‐2007 benchmarks compared to classical scoring functions. The ΔvinaRF20 scoring function and its code are freely available on the web at: https://www.nyu. edu/projects/yzhang/DeltaVina. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic Profiling and Identification of Immunodominant Spore Antigens of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis

ABSTRACT Differentially expressed and immunogenic spore proteins of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which includes Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis, were identified. Comparative proteomic profiling of their spore proteins distinguished the three species from each other as well as the virulent from the avirulent strains. A total of 458 proteins encoded by 232 open reading frames were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis for all the species. A number of highly expressed proteins, including elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), elongation factor G, 60-kDa chaperonin, enolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and others exist as charge variants on two-dimensional gels. These charge variants have similar masses but different isoelectric points. The majority of identified proteins have cellular roles associated with energy production, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, posttranslational modifications, and translation. Novel vaccine candidate proteins were identified using B. anthracis polyclonal antisera from humans postinfected with cutaneous anthrax. Fifteen immunoreactive proteins were identified in B. anthracis spores, whereas 7, 14, and 7 immunoreactive proteins were identified for B. cereus and in the virulent and avirulent strains of B. thuringiensis spores, respectively. Some of the immunodominant antigens include charge variants of EF-Tu, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, Δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Alanine racemase and neutral protease were uniquely immunogenic to B. anthracis. Comparative analysis of the spore immunome will be of significance for further nucleic acid- and immuno-based detection systems as well as next-generation vaccine development.