Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angina Pectoris in Men: Prognostic Significance of Selected Medical Factors

Prognosis of men whose first manifestation of coronary heart disease was angina without antecedent infarction was found to resemble closely that of men followed after an initial MI. Overall mortality over a period of 4.5 years following a baseline examination was the same in the two cohorts: 17.5%. In both groups of men electrocardiographic abnormalities and blood pressure elevation identified subsets of coronary patients with a relatively poor prognosis, but the course of disease was apparently not influenced by the serum cholesterol level. Among the men with angina no relationship emerged between symptomatic status at time of baseline and risk of mortality in the ensuing observation period.The findings are from the HIP (Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York) study of the incidence and prognosis of coronary heart disease, a prospective study of a general population of 110,000 men and women aged 25-64 years.
Augmented Lagrangian Techniques for Elliptic State Constrained Optimal Control Problems

We propose augmented Lagrangian methods to solve state and control constrained optimal control problems. The approach is based on the Lagrangian formulation of nonsmooth convex optimization in Hilbert spaces developed in [6]. We investigate a linear optimal control problem with a boundary control function as in [1]. Both the equation and the constraints are augmented. The proposed methods are general and can be adapted to a much wider class of problems.
Of Mice and Men: Aligning Mouse and Human Anatomies

This paper reports on the alignment between mouse and human anatomies, a critical resource for comparative science as diseases in mice are used as mod-els of human disease. The two ontologies under investigation are the NCI Thesaurus (human anatomy) and the Adult Mouse Anatomical Dictionary, each comprising about 2500 anatomical concepts. This study compares two approaches to aligning ontologies. One is fully automatic, based on a combination of lexical and structural similarity; the other is manual. The resulting mappings were evaluated by an expert. 715 and 781 mappings were identified by each method respectively, of which 639 are common to both and all valid. The applications of the map-ping are discussed from the perspective of biology and from that of ontology.
STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTIC PYROGEN

Release of the protein molecule, leukocytic pyrogen, is one of the many reactions exhibited by leukocytes after phagocytosis. After the ingestion of heat-killed S. albus, a 3–4 hr latent period exists, during which human peripheral leukocytes release no pyrogen, yet cellular metabolism is altered in such a way that pyrogen output may subsequently occur in the absence of further phagocytosis. Transcription of messenger RNA and translation of new protein are initial events in the. activation process, since addition of the inhibitors, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide or puromycin, during this period markedly depressed or abolished subsequent pyrogen release. These effects were noted to be dependent upon the time of addition of the inhibitors. None of the inhibitor drugs interfered with cell viability as measured by phagocytosis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity, nor did they alter the pyrogenicity of preformed leukocytic pyrogen. Vincristine did not inhibit pyrogen formation, consistent with its reported failure to alter RNA synthesis in mature human granulocytes. The glycolytic inhibitor, sodium fluoride, blocked pyrogen release both when added prior to particle ingestion or 1 hr after the initiation of phagocytosis. Whereas inhibition of phagocytosis would explain the sodium fluoride effect prior to 1 hr, this was not observed in leukocyte preparations incubated for 1 hr with S. albus before adding sodium fluoride. When sodium fluoride was added to preparations 2 hr after the start of incubation, the LP production was unimpaired. Potassium cyanide had no effect on cell activation or pyrogen release. These findings suggest that the primary energy supply for the activation process is derived from high energy phosphate bonds provided by anaerobic glycolysis. Since the major amount of cell activation appears to occur in the 1st hr after phagocytosis, this energy might be involved in the induction of a genome leading to the transcription of m-RNA and its translation into new protein or is required for polysome integrity during protein synthesis. It is suggested that this new protein may be leukocytic pyrogen itself, or an enzyme responsible for cleaving it from an inactive precursor.
Exploring how Institutional Structures and Practices Influence English Learners’ Opportunity to Learn Social Studies

Background/Context Current research addresses the marginalization of social studies and trends in teaching English learners (ELs) in monolingual schools; however, few studies have examined the way in which support services provided to ELs impact their exposure to social studies instruction. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Social studies is a difficult content area for ELs, as they grapple with culturally specific concepts in addition to language barriers. School structures and institutional practices sometimes result in less access to social studies instruction for ELs than their English-speaking peers. We sought to describe ELs’ opportunities to learn social studies in the face of educational reforms designed to increase accountability. We also examined how institutional structures, such as ESL programs, influ-enced ELs’ exposure to the social studies curriculum. Setting The study took place in a suburban elementary school with a moderate population of ELs, situated within a large, urban school district in the southeastern United States. Participants Six classroom teachers, three instructional specialists and one administrator participated. Research Design We present a qualitative participatory inquiry that was guided by an opportunity to learn theoretical framework, in addition to research that suggests an important relationship between the quality and intensity of classroom instruction and students’ academic success. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected across one academic year and included transcribed interviews, field notes from observations, classroom artifacts, teacher journals, and district resources. We employed a multitiered inductive analysis using a three-phase coding process. Findings/Results Our findings suggest that ELs do not receive an equitable opportunity to learn social studies. Factors included variance in social studies time, instructional schedule design, the ESL program structure, and communication/collaboration gaps. Additionally, we found disparities between the type and general overall quality of social studies for these linguistically diverse learners and their native speaking peers. Conclusions/Recommendations We recommend the inclusion of instructional specialists, such as the ESL teacher, in planning, professional development, and decision-making. Furthermore, we advocate for flexible, yet monitored scheduling of special services to ensure curricular access to all content areas. Furthermore, we emphasize that administrators must have a clear understanding of the needs of their ELs and that they must adopt a long-term vision for these students that includes simultaneous support for their content and language development.
The Effects of International Cross-Listing on Rival Firms

The analysis focuses on the stock price impact of firms' U.S. cross-listing on home-market rival firms. A theoretical model is presented that indicates the effect is ambiguous, and that it depends on whether there is a decrease in the cost of capital for rival firms and on the improved growth opportunities of the listing firm that make rivals have relatively lower growth prospects. The empirical work uses both listing dates and announcement dates of forthcoming ADR programs. An event study approach is employed to analyze the impact on the home market price of the rival firm around the dates of listing and announcement of listing. We find negative cumulative average abnormal returns for the rival firms around the announcement and listing dates, consistent with rival firms being hurt by the listing. The evidence suggests that investors see rivals as less transparent, less informative, and with poorer growth prospects relative to the listing firm. We also find evidence that the effect on the rival firm is stronger for firms from emerging market countries than for firms from developed market countries.
Assessment in Curriculum 2005 : Do primary school teachers assess formatively?

As part of the transition to Curriculum 2005 in South African schools, teachers are being encouraged to assess learners by means of continuous assessment, in order to improve their learning by providing regular feedback. Continuous assessment is not new, but using it formatively to aid better learning is. Formative assessment demands far greater skill than simply assessing continuously, as it changes the purpose for which the assessment is intended. The article contains the results of a small study of the practices of primary school teachers in assessing reading. It was undertaken to investigate to what extent they assessed formatively. A sample of seven teachers in five schools was studied. The analysis of the results enabled a classification of the teachers into three groups: frequent formative assessors, occasional formative assessors and infrequent formative assessors. It was also possible to distinguish assessment strategies which were formative from those which displayed little, if any, formative use of assessment. Finally, the teachers were categorised according to their use of formative assessment. The conclusion of the study is that full implementation of a policy of encouraging formative assessment requires fundamental changes in teachers' understanding of the teaching and learning process.
The P2 purinergic receptors of human dendritic cells: identification and coupling to cytokine release

We investigated the expression of purinoceptors in human dendritic cells, providing functional, pharmacological, and biochemical evidence that immature and mature cells express P2Y and P2X subtypes, coupled to increase in the intracellular Ca2+, membrane depolarization, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The ATP‐activated Ca2+ change was biphasic, with a fast release from intracellular stores and a delayed influx across the plasma membrane. A prolonged exposure to ATP was toxic to dendritic cells that swelled, lost typical dendrites, became phase lucent, detached from the substrate, and eventually died. These changes were highly suggestive of expression of the cytotoxic receptor P2X7, as confirmed by ability of dendritic cells to become permeant to membrane impermeant dyes such as Lucifer yellow or ethidium bromide. The P2X7 receptor ligand 2′,3′‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP was a better agonist then ATP for Ca2+increase and plasma membrane depolarization. Oxidized ATP, a covalent blocker of P2X receptors, and the selective P2X7 antagonist KN‐62 inhibited both permeabilization and Ca2+ changes induced by ATP. The following purinoceptors were expressed by immature and mature dendritic cells: P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y5, P2Y11 and P2X1, P2X4, P2X7. Finally, stimulation of LPS‐matured cells with ATP triggered release of IL‐1 β and TNF‐a. Purinoceptors may provide a new avenue to modulation of dendritic cells function. —Ferrari, D. , La Sala, A. , Chiozzi, P., Morelli, A. , Falzoni, S. , Girolomoni, G. , Idzko, M. , Dichmann, S. , Norgauer, J., Di Virgilio, F. The P2 purinergic receptors of human dendritic cells: identification and coupling to cytokine release. FASEB J. 14, 2466–2476 (2000)
Self-harming behaviour among university students: A South African case study

This study investigated the prevalence of self-harming practices among South African university students. Respondents were 201 students attending a small university of technology in South Africa (females = 55%; males = 45%). The students completed a survey on their self-harming behaviours by type, frequency, and context of occurrence. The data were used to descriptively profile self-harming behaviours among the students. Secondary analysis considered any group differences by gender. In total, 19.4% of the respondents reported deliberate self-harm. Mental pain was reported as the most prevalent category of behaviours, at 23.4% of the sample. Most of the types of deliberate self-harming behaviour were engaged in only once. Statistically significant associations were found between gender and substance abuse and risky general behaviour, respectively, where females were at higher risk of engaging in both self-harming behaviours.
A COORDINATED X-RAY AND OPTICAL CAMPAIGN OF THE NEAREST MASSIVE ECLIPSING BINARY, δ ORIONIS Aa. I. OVERVIEW OF THE X-RAY SPECTRUM

We present an overview of four deep phase-constrained Chandra HETGS X-ray observations of δ Ori A. Delta Ori A is actually a triple system that includes the nearest massive eclipsing spectroscopic binary, δ Ori Aa, the only such object that can be observed with little phase-smearing with the Chandra gratings. Since the fainter star, δ Ori Aa2, has a much lower X-ray luminosity than the brighter primary (δ Ori Aa1), δ Ori Aa provides a unique system with which to test the spatial distribution of the X-ray emitting gas around δ Ori Aa1 via occultation by the photosphere of, and wind cavity around, the X-ray dark secondary. Here we discuss the X-ray spectrum and X-ray line profiles for the combined observation, having an exposure time of nearly 500 ks and covering nearly the entire binary orbit. The companion papers discuss the X-ray variability seen in the Chandra spectra, present new space-based photometry and ground-based radial velocities obtained simultaneously with the X-ray data to better constrain the system parameters, and model the effects of X-rays on the optical and UV spectra. We find that the X-ray emission is dominated by embedded wind shock emission from star Aa1, with little contribution from the tertiary star Ab or the shocked gas produced by the collision of the wind of Aa1 against the surface of Aa2. We find a similar temperature distribution to previous X-ray spectrum analyses. We also show that the line half-widths are about 0.3−0.5 times the terminal velocity of the wind of star Aa1. We find a strong anti-correlation between line widths and the line excitation energy, which suggests that longer-wavelength, lower-temperature lines form farther out in the wind. Our analysis also indicates that the ratio of the intensities of the strong and weak lines of Fe xvii and Ne x are inconsistent with model predictions, which may be an effect of resonance scattering.
Antidiabetic Effect of Oleanolic Acid: A Promising Use of a Traditional Pharmacological Agent

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Although the clear mechanisms of DM and insulin resistance are still to be cleared, it has been well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in DM and multiple types of insulin resistance. For the past few years, natural substances have been shown to have the potential to treatment DM. Attention has been especially focused on plants rich in triterpenoids, which generally show antioxidant and antiglycation effect. In our previous studies, it was shown that oleanolic acid (OA), a natural triterpenoid and an aglycone of many saponins, is a potent antioxidant acting as not only a free radical‐scavenger through direct chemical reactions but also as a biological molecule, which may enhance the antioxidant defenses. The present study aimed to investigate the potential antidiabetic effect of OA. Oleanolic acid showed a significant blood glucose‐lowering and weight‐losing effect in diabetic animals induced by streptozotocin (STZ). In the insulin resistant model, it was also shown that OA may promote insulin signal transduction and inhibit oxidative stress‐induced hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, in which process the phosphorylation of ERK and the protective effect on mitochondrial function may be involved. These findings may significantly better the understanding of the pharmacological actions of OA and advance therapeutic approaches to DM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaginal Repair of Cystocele with Anterior Wall Mesh via Transobturator Route: Efficacy and Complications with Up to 3-Year Followup

Study Objective. The objective of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of cystocele repair with anterior wall mesh placed via a transobturator route (Perigee system, AMS, Minnetonka, MN). Design. Single center retrospective study. Setting. Single center hospital setting and Urogynecology practice in the United States. Patients. 77 women presenting with symptomatic anterior wall prolapse. Intervention. Repair of cystocele with an anterior wall Type I soft-polypropylene mesh placed via a transobturator approach. Concomitant procedures in other compartment were also completed as indicated. Measurements and Main Results. 77 women underwent the Perigee procedure at our institution over a 2-year period. The mesh was attached to the pelvic sidewalls at the level of the bladder neck and near the ischial spine apically with needles passed through the groins and obturator space. Mean follow-up was 18.2 months (range 3–36 months). Objective cure rate was 93%. Subjectively only two patients have had recurrent symptoms of prolapse, and only 1 of these has required repeat surgery for cystocele. Mesh exposure vaginally occurred in 5 patients (6.5%); however all were treated with estrogen and/or local excision of exposed mesh and had no further sequelae. There were no incidences of chronic pain, infection, or abscess, and no patient required complete mesh removal for infection, pain, or extrusion. Conclusion. In select patients with anterior wall prolapse, repair with mesh augmentation via the transobturator route is a safe and effective procedure with up to 3 years of follow-up.
Encountering education in the rural: migrant women’s perspectives

ABSTRACT This paper explores migrant women’s encounters with formal and informal education in what can be termed new immigration rural destinations. We ask to what extent educational opportunities are realized in these new destinations. We show that education aspirations may be jeopardized because of the desire to achieve economic goals and thus require remedial action. Specifically, we refer to qualitative data collected in rural (and remote) Boddington in Western Australia, and rural Armagh in Northern Ireland. The paper engages with two interrelated dimensions of this migrant/migration experience. English is not a first language for our participants and we first examine the provision and consumption of informal English Language classes. In doing so, we demonstrate the complex social and cultural dimensions of community-based English language instruction. Second, we attend to migrant mothers’ perceptions of and responses to children’s formal education. We highlight transnational senses of, and tensions around, ‘local/rural’ pedagogies and resultant migrant strategies.
Experience in study practice of social work students: analysis of written reflections

The article analyzes the peculiarities of social work students’ experience in practice fields based on their written reflections. The qualitative research method was chosen for this study, using written student reflections. Fourty-seven social work students from Mykolas Romeris University participated in the research which took place in 2010. The analysis of written reflections allow for a better understanding of students’ experiences during their practice, highlighting the positive and negative factors that could affect what a student learns in practice and the overall effectiveness of their practice. The study results highlighted a positive student experience, which is associated with successful relationships with customers (positive peer relationships and mutual relations based on respect and trust), the institution staff (positive relationships with staff, working closely with the practice mentor, creating a favourable work atmosphere, a positive example of a social worker), their relationship with themselves (self-awareness, self-overcoming, acquisition of new experience). Students’ positive experiences from their practice are an important factor in maintaining the practice of education, the prerequisite for successful learning. On the other hand, the main negative factors that emerged were those that hindered students learning from their experience, i.e. a negative relationship with customer (a result of fear, anxiety, lack of skills and practice experience), the institution staff (lack of communication and feedback with mentor, the social workers’ dissatisfaction with their profession), their inadequate behaviour with clients (access to clients, understatement of their abilities, labeling, disrespectful talk about clients), as well as the lacked self-confidence and hyper emotionality.
The role of macrophages polarization in predicting prognosis of radically resected gastric cancer patients

Tumour‐associated Macrophages (TAM) present two different polarizations: classical (M1) characterized by immunostimulation activity and tumour suppression; alternative (M2) characterized by tumour promotion and immune suppression. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the correlation between the two forms of TAM with survival time in radically resected gastric cancer patients. A total of 52 chemo‐ and radio‐naive patients were included. Two slides were prepared for each patient and double‐stained for CD68/NOS2 (M1) or CD68/CD163 (M2) and five representative high‐power fields per slide were evaluated for TAM count. The median value of the two macrophage populations density and the median value of M1/M2 ratio were used as cut‐off. Twenty‐seven patients with M1 density above‐the‐median had a significantly higher survival compared to those below the median. Twenty‐six patients with M1/M2 ratio above the median showed median OS of 27.2 months compared to 15.5 months of the patients below the median. No association between M2 macrophage density and patient's outcome was found. In multivariate analysis, M1/M2 was a positive independent predictor of survival. The M1 macrophage density and M1/M2 ratio, as confirmed in multivariate analysis, are factors that can help in predicting patients survival time after radical surgery for gastric cancer.