Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Specific Anaerobic Field Test for Aerobic Gymnastics

The current investigation aimed to develop a valid specific field test to evaluate anaerobic physical performance in Aerobic Gymnastics athletes. We first designed the Specific Aerobic Gymnast Anaerobic Test (SAGAT), which included gymnastics-specific elements performed in maximal repeated sprint fashion, with a total duration of 80-90 s. In order to validate the SAGAT, three independent sub-studies were performed to evaluate the concurrent validity (Study I, n=8), the reliability (Study II, n=10) and the sensitivity (Study III, n=30) of the test in elite female athletes. In Study I, a positive correlation was shown between lower-body Wingate test and SAGAT performance (Mean power: p = 0.03, r = -0.69, CI: -0.94 to 0.03 and Peak power: p = 0.02, r = -0.72, CI: -0.95 to -0.04) and between upper-body Wingate test and SAGAT performance (Mean power: p = 0.03, r = -0.67, CI: -0.94 to 0.02 and Peak power: p = 0.03, r = -0.69, CI: -0.94 to 0.03). Additionally, plasma lactate was similarly increased in response to SAGAT (p = 0.002), lower-body Wingate Test (p = 0.021) and a simulated competition (p = 0.007). In Study II, no differences were found between the time to complete the SAGAT in repeated trials (p = 0.84; Cohen’s d effect size = 0.09; ICC = 0.97, CI: 0.89 to 0.99; MDC95 = 0.12 s). Finally, in Study III the time to complete the SAGAT was significantly lower during the competition cycle when compared to the period before the preparatory cycle (p < 0.001), showing an improvement in SAGAT performance after a specific Aerobic Gymnastics training period. Taken together, these data have demonstrated that SAGAT is a specific, reliable and sensitive measurement of specific anaerobic performance in elite female Aerobic Gymnastics, presenting great potential to be largely applied in training settings.
Epidemiology and detection of human immunodeficiency virus among pregnant women in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVES To determine the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women and the neonatal outcomes in Hong Kong. DESIGN Retrospective observational study composed of two parts: record review of pregnant women and unlinked anonymous screening of cord blood from neonates. SETTING Two human immunodeficiency virus clinics and the Government Virus Unit. PARTICIPANTS Female patients attending the two clinics who became pregnant and neonates who underwent routine metabolic screening by the Government Virus Unit between 1992 and 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes of neonates born to women who had human immunodeficiency virus infection during pregnancy. RESULTS Forty-one human immunodeficiency virus-related pregnancies were recorded among 32 infected women. Fifteen pregnancies were terminated, of which 14 were in women who knew their infection status before conception. Twenty-six pregnancies continued to term, resulting in 26 live births. Twelve babies were born to women who knew their infection status before delivery. One baby was confirmed to be infected. Six women were given zidovudine for prophylaxis against vertical transmission and none of the babies were infected at birth. Of the remaining 14 human immunodeficiency virus-related pregnancies, the mothers' status became known only at a later date and nine (64.3%) babies were confirmed to be infected at the age of 18 months or older. The rate ratio of giving birth to an infected baby was 8.18 from mothers who did not know their status antenatally. Unlinked anonymous screening showed that the seroprevalence rate for human immunodeficiency virus in pregnant women was 0.032% (1/3125) in Hong Kong in 1999. CONCLUSIONS Human immunodeficiency virus-related pregnancy is not rare in Hong Kong and the majority of infected mothers were not identified and treated. Detection of these pregnancies will be invaluable for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Universal antenatal screening of human immunodeficiency virus antibody is proposed as an effective strategy.
Improving Higher Order Thinking in Special Education Students through Cooperative Learning and Social Skills Development.

This report describes a project designed to expand higher order thinking skills in five primary students with disabilities in order to increase problem solving and decision making skills. The project incorporated higher order thinking skills into mathematics, science and language arts units, and implemented weekly, cooperative learning techniques and activities. Following the introduction and modeling of a specific thinking skill, students practiced the skill in a content-free cooperative group activity. Eventually, skills were imbedded into a structured mathematics, science, or language arts lesson, where students could demonstrate their understanding of the skill as well as use its application for problem solving. Results of the intervention indicate improved student conduct, successful problem solving in language arts and science, an increase in student use of higher order thinking skills, an improvement in written and oral expression, and a heightened ability to participate more fully in a cooperative group effort while substantiating their ability to use appropriate social skills. Appendices include a teacher survey, a student interview form, a sample lesson for bonding in cooperative groups, and sample lessons and activities for mathematics, science, and language arts. (Contains 18 references.) (Author/CR) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** IMPROVING HIGHER ORDER THINKING IN SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND SOCIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Experimental muscle pain does not cause long‐lasting increases in resting electromyographic activity

The mutual links between muscle pain and resting electromyographic (EMG) activity are still controversial. This study described effects of experimental muscle pain on resting EMG activity in a jaw‐closing muscle and a leg muscle. Pain was induced by injections of hypertonic saline into the muscles in 10 subjects. Injections of isotonic saline served as a control. The pain intensity was scored on visual analog scales (VAS) and surface and intramuscular wire EMGs were obtained from the resting muscles before, during, and after saline injections. EMG activity was analyzed in 30‐s intervals and demonstrated, in both muscles, significant increases 30–60 s after injection of hypertonic saline, but not after injection of isotonic saline. In contrast to the transient increase in EMG activity, the pain sensation lasted up to 600 s after injection of hypertonic saline. It was concluded that acute muscle pain is unable to maintain longer‐lasting resting muscle hyperactivity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21: 1382–1389, 1998
Unstable Maternal Environment, Separation Anxiety, and Heightened CO2 Sensitivity Induced by Gene-by-Environment Interplay

Background In man, many different events implying childhood separation from caregivers/unstable parental environment are associated with heightened risk for panic disorder in adulthood. Twin data show that the occurrence of such events in childhood contributes to explaining the covariation between separation anxiety disorder, panic, and the related psychobiological trait of CO2 hypersensitivity. We hypothesized that early interference with infant-mother interaction could moderate the interspecific trait of response to CO2 through genetic control of sensitivity to the environment. Methodology Having spent the first 24 hours after birth with their biological mother, outbred NMRI mice were cross-fostered to adoptive mothers for the following 4 post-natal days. They were successively compared to normally-reared individuals for: number of ultrasonic vocalizations during isolation, respiratory physiology responses to normal air (20%O2), CO2-enriched air (6% CO2), hypoxic air (10%O2), and avoidance of CO2-enriched environments. Results Cross-fostered pups showed significantly more ultrasonic vocalizations, more pronounced hyperventilatory responses (larger tidal volume and minute volume increments) to CO2-enriched air and heightened aversion towards CO2-enriched environments, than normally-reared individuals. Enhanced tidal volume increment response to 6%CO2 was present at 16–20, and 75–90 postnatal days, implying the trait's stability. Quantitative genetic analyses of unrelated individuals, sibs and half-sibs, showed that the genetic variance for tidal volume increment during 6%CO2 breathing was significantly higher (Bartlett χ = 8.3, p = 0.004) among the cross-fostered than the normally-reared individuals, yielding heritability of 0.37 and 0.21 respectively. These results support a stress-diathesis model whereby the genetic influences underlying the response to 6%CO2 increase their contribution in the presence of an environmental adversity. Maternal grooming/licking behaviour, and corticosterone basal levels were similar among cross-fostered and normally-reared individuals. Conclusions A mechanism of gene-by-environment interplay connects this form of early perturbation of infant-mother interaction, heightened CO2 sensitivity and anxiety. Some non-inferential physiological measurements can enhance animal models of human neurodevelopmental anxiety disorders.
The antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts , commonly used by Saudi people , against multidrug resistant bacteria

Increasing the use of antibiotic is harmful to human health, ecosystem and environment and enhancing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens. Medicinal plants have recently received the greatest attention to find naturally occurring substances with therapeutic value. Coriandrum sativum, Crocus sativus and Nerium oleander were collected, dried and extracted with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate or water. The obtained extracts were assessed for antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The methanolic extracts were the most active, thus they were screened for their antimicrobial activity against some different genera of bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The tested bacteria included resistant bacteria to one or more antibiotics. The obtained extracts exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the tested bacteria and the less inhibited bacterium was Salmonella. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the methanol extracts ranged from 50-100 μg/ml. No toxicity for C. sativum, C. sativus was found using Artimia salina as test organism whereas acute toxicity was recorded for N. oleander. The extract of C. sativus showed excellent antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. [Samyah D. Jastaniah. The antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts, commonly used by Saudi people, against multidrug resistant bacteria. Life Sci J 2014;11(8):78-84]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 10
Variables Associated with Life Satisfaction and Residential Relocation

A common transition experienced by older people is residential relocation (George, 1980; Sheehan, 1992; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992; Wheeler, 1996). This transition can be a stressful event (Burger, Fraser, Hunt, & Frank, 1996; Chenitz, 1983; George; Lieberman & Tobin, 1983), and has been thought to result in a decreased sense of psychological well-being (Wells & Macdonald, 1981). Findings regarding the reaction to residential relocation, however, have not always been consistent. Some people have experienced a decrease in psychological well-being, some have experienced no change, and others have experienced improved psychological well-being (Borup, 1982; Bourestom, 1984; Bourestom & Tars, 1974; Brand & Smith, 1974; Croke, 1986; Martin, 1973; Mirotznik & Ruskin, 1985; Wells & Macdonald). The mixed findings regarding the impact of residential relocation may be due to a multitude of variables. A number of studies have shown that coping strategies (Aldwin & Revenson, 1987; Felton & Revenson, 1984; Kampfe & Mitchell, 1991; McCrae, 1982; Mitchell, Cronkite & Moos, 1983; Rutman, 1988; Vitaliano, Katon, Russo, Maiuro, Anderson, & Jones,1987; Vitaliano, Maiuro, Russo, & Becker, 1987), perceptions (Croke, 1986; Elias, Phillips, & Wright, 1980; Krause, Stanwyck, & Maides, 1998; Lachman, Steinberg, & Trotter, 1987; Reid & Zeigler, 1980;1981; Slivinske & Fitch, 1987), and other independent variables (Borup, 1981; Croke, 1986; Mirotznik & Ruskin, 1985; Slivinske & Fitch, 1987; Wolk & Telleen, 1976) relate to psychological well-being. These variables may influence an individual's response to his/her residential relocation.This paper will present a brief review of a study that was previously reported by Kampfe and Wedl (1989), Kampfe & Kampfe (1992), and Kampfe (in press). An adaptation of the House Model of Social Stress (House, 1974) was used as a basis for the study. The model is comprised of a number of variable groups and is based on the assumption that a wide array of variables may influence the outcome of a transition. The variable groups of the House Model are Conditions Conducive to Stress,
SIRT1-metabolite binding histone macroH2A1.1 protects hepatocytes against lipid accumulation

Non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) encompasses conditions associated to fat deposition in the liver, which are generally deteriorated during the aging process. MacroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, is a key transcriptional regulator involved in tumorigenic processes and cell senescence, and featuring two alternatively splicing isoforms, macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2. MacroH2A1.1 binds with high affinity O-acetyl ADP ribose, a small metabolite produced by the reaction catalysed by NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, whereas macroH2A1.2 is unable to do so. The functional significance of this binding is unknown. We previously reported that the hepatic levels of macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2 are differentially expressed in mice models of NAFLD. Here we show that over-expression of macroH2A1.1, but not of macroH2A1.2, is able to protect hepatocytes against lipid accumulation. MacroH2A1.1 over-expressing cells display ameliorated glucose metabolism, reduced expression of lipidogenic genes and fatty acids content. SIRT1/macroH2A1.1-dependent epigenetic regulation of lipid metabolism may be relevant to NAFLD development.
Distribution of VGF peptides in the human cortex and their selective changes in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases

VGF mRNA and its precursor‐derived products are selectively expressed in certain neurons and promptly respond to neurotrophins and to neural/electrical activity. Proteomic studies have previously revealed a reduction in some VGF peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions, suggesting their potential diagnostic and clinical significance. As the presence of VGF peptides within the human cortex has been somewhat elucidated, they were studied postmortem in the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex areas of control subjects and patients affected by Parkinson’s disease, and in parietal cortex samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We raised antibodies to the C‐/N‐terminal portions of the proVGF precursor protein, to the TPGH and TLQP sequences and to the neuroendocrine regulatory peptide (NERP)‐1, all used for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay coupled with gel chromatography and for immunohistochemistry. In the control brain samples, the levels of TPGH and C‐terminus peptides were about 130–200 and 700–2000 pmol g−1, respectively, the N‐terminus and NERP‐1 peptides were less represented (about 10–30 and 4–20 pmol g−1, respectively), and the TLQP peptides were below detection limits. Upon gel chromatography, the VGF antisera mainly revealed small molecular weight forms (i.e. about 0.8–1.3 kDa), whereas VGF immunolocalisation was found within different types of neuron in rat and bovine brain cortices. In the Parkinson’s disease samples, a clear‐cut decrease was revealed in the parietal cortex only, exclusively for TPGH and NERP‐1 peptides, whereas in the Alzheimer’s disease samples, a reduction in all of the VGF peptides was shown. The results suggest the involvement of VGF in the physiological or pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in the parietal cortex of patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
Public Opinion on Alcohol Policies in the United States: Results from a National Survey

We surveyed the U.S. non-institutionalized population age 18+ on opinions regarding 23 alcohol control policies (N = 7,021). The cooperation rate among contacted households was 70% and the overall response rate was 54%. Results showed high levels of public support for most alcohol control policies. Over 80% support restrictions on alcohol use in public places, such as parks, beaches, concert venues, and on college campuses. Eighty-two percent support increased alcohol taxes, provided the funds are used for treatment or prevention programs. Over 60% support alcohol advertising and promotion restrictions, such as banning billboard advertising, banning promotion at sporting events, or banning liquor and beer advertising on television.Multivariate regression analyses indicated significant relationships between alcohol policy opinions and a variety of sociodemographic, political orientation, and behavioral measures. However, the absolute differences in alcohol policy support across groups is small.There is a strong base of support for alcohol control policies in the U.S., and such support is found among whites and ethnics of color, young and old, rich and poor, and conservatives, moderates, and liberals.
An Empirical Study of Fault Prediction with Code Clone Metrics

In this paper, we present a replicated study to predict fault-prone modules with code clone metrics to follow Baba's experiment. We empirically evaluated the performance of fault prediction models with clone metrics using 3 datasets from the Eclipse project and compared it to fault prediction without clone metrics. Contrary to the original Baba's experiment, we could not significantly support the effect of clone metrics, i.e., the result showed that F1-measure of fault prediction was not improved by adding clone metrics to the prediction model. To explain this result, this paper analyzed the relationship between clone metrics and fault density. The result suggested that clone metrics were effective in fault prediction for large modules but not for small modules.
Putative mechanism for apoptosis-inducing properties of crude saponin isolated from sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) as an antioxidant compound

Objective(s): Marine organisms are known as a potential source of natural products, which contain bioactive substances with therapeutic properties. Sea cucumbers are prominent among marine organisms because of their dietary and therapeutic applications. In addition, they have capacity of synthesizing saponins molecules and other metabolites with therapeutic properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and pro-apoptotic effects of sea cucumber saponins (SCS) isolated from Holothuria leucospilota species. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of antioxidant activity of SCS was carried out by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), power reducing and total antioxidant assays. The anti-proliferative effect was studied by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Mechanisms leading to apoptosis were also evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and real time PCR. Results: The results showed that the DPPH and ABTS activities increased in a dose dependent manner. The reducing capacity enhanced with increasing concentration of the saponin extract (0 to 2 mg/ml). The SCS exhibited moderate total antioxidant activity. Evaluation of anti-proliferative effect revealed that SCS with IC50 of about 6 μg/ml, can display a good cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner. Further apoptosis induction was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Sea cucumber saponin was also found to exert a pro-apoptotic effect by increasing the expression of Bax and decreasing the expression of Bcl2. Conclusion: These results indicate that the SCS may act as a natural antioxidant and antitumor agent.
Adenovirus Binding to the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor or Integrins Is Not Required To Elicit Brain Inflammation but Is Necessary To Transduce Specific Neural Cell Types

ABSTRACT Intracranial administration of adenovirus vectors elicits rapid, capsid-mediated dose-dependent brain inflammation. The mechanisms through which adenovirus capsids trigger inflammation in the brain remain unknown. We determined whether adenovirus interaction with the primary and secondary cell surface receptors for infection (CAR and αv integrins) was necessary to trigger acute adenovirus-mediated brain inflammation, and, furthermore, whether capsid mutations that abrogated CAR and integrin binding altered vector tropism in the brain. Vectors ablated for CAR binding, but retaining integrin binding function, transduced equivalent areas of brain compared to vectors with wild-type capsids; however, vector tropsim was dramatically altered. Vectors with wild-type capsids predominantly transduced oligodendrocytes, whereas mutation of the fiber protein to ablate CAR binding resulted in a loss of oligodendrocyte transduction and a consequent redirection of transduction to neurons and other types of glial cells. Combined mutations of fiber and penton base that ablate both CAR and integrin binding almost abolished brain transduction. Thus, doubly-ablated capsids engineered to express new ligands should allow complete vector retargeting in the central nervous system. Although transduction by the doubly-ablated vectors was reduced by greater than 95%, inflammation was not reduced compared to wild-type vectors, demonstrating that brain inflammation occurs independently of adenovirus binding and infection of cells via CAR and integrin receptors.
condensation, cohesion, and repair The ABCs of SMC proteins: two-armed ATPases for chromosome

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