Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and pubertal development among sons

Maternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy has been associated with earlier age of menarche in daughters as well as reduced semen quality in sons. We aimed at investigating pubertal development in sons born by mothers with a high body mass index (BMI). The study included 2522 sons of mothers that during pregnancy in 1984–1987 were enrolled in a mother–child cohort and gave information on their pre‐pregnancy height and weight from which we calculated their BMI. Information on sons' pubertal development, assessed by age when starting regular shaving, voice break, acne and first nocturnal emission, was obtained from web‐based questionnaires in 2005, when sons were 18–21 years old. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that sons of obese mothers on average started to shave regularly 8.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.5–14.0) months earlier than sons of normal weight mothers. For the three other indicators of pubertal development, results also indicated earlier pubertal development among sons of obese mothers. After excluding sons of underweight mothers in a subanalysis, we observed an inverse trend between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and age at regular shaving, acne and first nocturnal emission. In conclusion, maternal pre‐pregnant obesity may be related to earlier timing of pubertal milestones among sons. More research, preferably based on prospectively collected information about pubertal development, is needed to draw firm conclusions.
Seeing the World Differently: An Analysis of Descriptions of Visual Experiences Provided by Visual Artists and Nonartists

ABSTRACT: This project examined nonartists', hobby artists', student artists', and professional artists' responses to questions about the visual games and visual analyses they engaged in as adults and their recollections of these experiences from childhood. Findings indicate that in comparison to nonartists, (a) more artists reported these visual perceptual experiences, (b) artists reported having these experiences more often (particularly as adults), and (c) artists provided better examples of these perceptual experiences that were also more vivid and detailed (particularly as adults). These findings suggest an important connection between artists' reports of past and current visual experiences and actual performance on attention and object perception tasks. Our long-term goal is to understand the importance of visual perceptual abilities to the development of artistic talent.
The Professionalization of Museum Educators: The Case in Science Museums

Abstract Museum educators have a longstanding presence and importance in museums, but there is limited recognition and understanding of their work, both in research and practice. Investigations into the pedagogical actions of educators in science museums suggest that educators do not share a common understanding of best practice, which may be due to the absence of professional preparation grounded in a recognized knowledge base. To ensure quality and credibility of museum education work, and for the occupation to complete its professionalization process, a knowledge base is needed. Thus, we offer a framework upon which the professional work of museum educators may be grounded. This knowledge framework comprises six components: context, choice and motivation, objects, content, theories of learning, and talk, which are organized into three domains of knowledge: museum content knowledge, museum pedagogical knowledge, and museum contextual knowledge.
‘Creepy,’ ‘freaky,’ and ‘strange’: How the ‘uncanny’ can illuminate the experience of single mothers by choice and lesbian couples who buy ‘dad’

Ethnographic accounts of the kinship practices that emerged in the last few decades with the help of assisted reproductive technologies frequently used the concepts of ‘normalization’ and ‘naturalization’ to explain how ‘pioneers’ of these family forms dealt with their novel experiences. The normalization/naturalization framework, I argue, obscures dimensions of the experiences of single women and lesbian couples who buy ‘donor’ sperm; I use the concepts of ‘the canny,’ ‘the uncanny,’ ‘confabulation,’ and ‘poetic license’ to illuminate these dimensions. Despite, and because of, the fact that these women buy sperm in order to obviate unwanted kin ties with the biological father, the existential status of the sperm and the absent presence of the biological father generate unease. With remarkable frequency, published memoirs of these maverick moms are peppered with synonyms for ‘the uncanny’ – ‘creepy’, ‘freaky’ and ‘strange’. The practices of sexing, naming, clothing, photographing, treating as imaginary correspondents or conversation partners, and purchasing symbolically-related consumer goods and services are used, often with ‘poetic license’, not just to make the strange familiar, but also to accentuate the strangeness of their relationship with the absent presence of the biological father.
Factors Related to the Prevention and Management of Pressure Ulcers

Pressure ulcers (a type of skin failure) have served as an indicator of care quality. The purpose of this study was to utilize data-mining techniques as a means of identifying risk factors related to different stages of pressure ulcers to demonstrate how this means of analysis might be used as a vehicle to guide improved care quality. Data were obtained from a Web-based incident reporting system at a regional hospital in Taiwan. A total of 4301 cases dating from March 2005 to May 2009 were collected. For data-cleaning purposes, data within 3 SDs were kept for further analysis. Data-mining techniques were applied to identify the predictors, and a logistic regression analysis was used for result comparison purposes. The results revealed that sacral ulcer was the most prevalent, and most ulcers were in stage I, followed by stages II to IV. Five predictors were identified including hemoglobin, weight, sex, height, and use of repositioning sheet. The study concluded that nurses could use data-mining technique to identify predictors to assist in guiding ulcer interventions such as those based on a patient’s demographic profile and application of a repositioning sheet to prevent ulcer occurrence to minimize harm.
Newcomers' international experience backgrounds and contributions to team performance

This paper examines the relationship between new team members' international experience backgrounds and subsequent contributions to team performance at the first year of team membership. It is argued, that individuals' experiential backgrounds can range from narrow careers in single national contexts to broad careers in multiple international settings, with different developmental effects on newcomers' knowledge, competencies, and subsequent potentials to successfully contribute to team performance. Importantly, the experiential composition of the entire team moderates these relationships in such a way that newcomers' broad international backgrounds constitute valuable inputs of new knowledge and perspectives in experientially homogeneous and long tenured teams. A set of hypotheses was tested on a longitudinal multilevel dataset from seven consecutive seasons of German Bundesliga football (2005-2012) and provided support for our predictions. Implications of these findings are discussed together with future research directions.
Infant feeding in risk society

Abstract A large percentage of British women, in common with women in other Western countries, feed their young babies formula milk. The paper reports some findings of a study of infant feeding that focussed on women's experiences of feeding their babies this way. Data about this issue were collected through detailed, qualitative face to face interviews with 33 mothers and through telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire with 503 mothers. The study found overall that mother's accounts of feeding babies formula milk draw attention to contradictions and tensions in motherhood and mothering. Formula feeding is predominantly experienced by mothers as ‘easy,’ enabling them to address a wide range of demands and difficulties that mothering a small baby poses for them. At the same time, mothers demonstrate awareness of the socio-cultural construction of the ‘moral mother’ as the mother who minimizes and avoids risk, and so does not use formula milk for infant feeding. How women react to this tension between ‘real life’ and ‘doing what is healthy’ varies, but the study reported here found a large minority of women experience manifestly difficult and debilitating feelings as they attempt to reconcile a pragmatic wish or need to formula feed with dominant constructions of the ‘moral mother. ’ By detailing women's accounts of this aspect of motherhood, the paper contributes to sociological investigation of everyday experiences of risk society. To contextualize this discussion, a brief account of the relationship between eating, feeding babies and risk society is also offered.
Tracing the Policy Mediation Process in the Implementation of a Change in the Life Sciences Curriculum

This paper accounts for the enacted realities of curriculum reform in South Africa, in particular the mediation of curriculum change. Curriculum implementation is viewed as a complex networked process of transforming or mediating policy into classroom practice. The fact that curriculum implementation is seen as problematic requires attention for curriculum mediation. The view that curriculum reform is a linear process, occurs in isolation and is entirely controlled by human agency is questioned. We argue that this view misjudges the complexity and grittiness of the process and ignores the multitude of actors involved who are networked during curriculum mediation and, in turn, eventually sculpt curriculum implementation. The two research questions addressed are: how is policy presented during mediation; and how does the practice of mediation get performed? Actor-network theory (ANT) is employed to model the tensions that exist in the terrains of curriculum policy reform with respect to the National Curriculum Statement–Further Education and Training Life Sciences policy. ANT is used at theoretical and methodological levels to trace the mediation of the policy workshops for Life Sciences teachers. The workshops were video-recoded, and analysed qualitatively using NVIVO to generate tag clouds to identify the drivers of the mediation process. The situated realities of policy mediation borne out by two scenarios created by change and National Senior Certificate examination results are discussed in the paper. At issue is the idea of how socio-material elements shape the mediation process when policy is presented as an invader and a hindrance while the practice of mediation is performed as moments of negotiations.
Judgments of dangerousness: Are sex offenders assessed differently than civil psychiatric patients?

Although there has been a great deal of research on sex offenders, researchers have yet to examine how clinicians assess sex offender dangerousness in practice. The purpose of this study was to take a first step toward understanding how professional and paraprofessional “clinicians” assess sex offenders by comparing how they assess violence in this population with how they assess violence of civil psychiatric patients. Thirty‐five clinicians were asked to list factors they used to assess risk of dangerousness for eight recently discharged patients and to further rate the patients on risk cues derived from the Psychopathy Checklist‐Short Version (PCL‐SV), rendering a total of 280 judgments of dangerousness. Results indicated that clinicians most commonly considered clinical and behavioral types of factors for assessing violence of both clinical populations, however, notable differences emerged when analysing the specific violence risk factors utilised. In particular, clinicians working with sex offenders emphasised contextual factors such as employment opportunities and social support while clinicians working with psychiatric patients emphasised medication compliance as well as underlying psychotic processes, such as delusional thinking and guardedness.
The Moderating Role of Involvement and Differentiation in the Evaluation of Brand Extensions

Two experiments qualify the previously observed finding that a moderately incongruent brand extension is evaluated more favorably than a congruent or extremely incongruent brand extension and reconcile this finding with other outcomes that have been reported in the brand extension literature. A congruent brand extension is judged more favorably than either a moderately incongruent extension or an extremely incongruent extension when involvement in the task is low. Apparently, incongruity per se does not always prompt the elaboration required to reconcile a moderately incongruent extension with the parent brand and, thereby, enhance evaluation of the moderately incongruent extension. Further, when involvement is high, a moderately incongruent brand extension may only be judged more favorably than a congruent one if the extension is undifferentiated. If the extension is differentiated, the differentiation may provide a basis for favorable evaluation irrespective of the level of congruity with the brand. Recall of information about the performance of the extension relative to competitive brands and measures of attitude toward the parent brand, fit between the extension and the parent brand, and task satisfaction provide insight into the processes that underlie these effects.
To Consume or Not to Consume?

This article looks at Finnish young people’s conceptions of green consumerism. We examine first the discussion of the greening of youth in contemporary society on the basis of earlier studies.Then we present the results of qualitative analysis of the different data concerning environmental consumerism. The data were collected at upper secondary schools in five different locations in Finland. The analysis of the essays and group discussions revealed that young consumers consider green consumerism as recycling, waste management and buying environmentally sound products. However, the analysis of the stories revealed a variety of conceptions about what green consumerism means. In addition, the youngsters were not totally consistent in their thinking about the relationship between consumer behaviour and its consequences to nature.The most aware young people understand that something must be done if our aim is global sustainable development.
The Extended Narrow-Line Region of 3C 299

We present results of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the radio galaxy 3C 299. The broadband F702W (R) and F555W (V) images (WFPC2/PC) show an elliptical galaxy with a comet-like structure extending to the northeast in the radio jet direction. The [O III] λ5007 emission-line map shows a biconical structure centered on the nucleus, which overlaps the structure found in the broadband filters. The radio core coincides with the center of the biconical structure and the radio axes are aligned with the direction of the cones. These data show clear evidence of a strong interaction between the radio jet and the northeastern morphology of the galaxy. We show evidence that this northeast region is an extended narrow-line region (ENLR); the line-ratio diagnostics show that models involving gas shocked by the radio jet plus ionization from a precursor H II region—itself produced by the ionizing photons of the postshocked gas on the preshocked gas—provide a good match to the observations. We investigate the spatial behavior of the ionizing parameter U, by determining the [O III]/[O II] line ratio, which is sensitive to the change of the ionization parameter, and we trace its behavior over the ENLR along the radio jet direction. We find that [O III]/[O II] does not follow a simple dilution model, but rather it is approximately constant over a large range of distance from the nucleus, thus requiring a local source of ionization, which seems to be compatible with the shock models driven by the radio jet.
Academic Orientation and Parental Involvement in Education during High School.

This study applied a life course perspective to the phenomena of adolescent academic orientation and parental involvement in education. Applying latent growth modeling to transcript and survey data from a sample of California high school students revealed that while college-preparatory track students begin high school the highest in orientation and involvement, they also experience sharp declines in both over time. Within the college-preparatory track, the decline in involvement is the greatest among the highest-achieving students, whereas within the remedial track, the decline is the greatest among minority students. Finally, initial academic orientation promotes increasing parental involvement, but only in the two non-college-preparatory tracks
Children’s participation in preschool documentation practices

The Swedish preschool curriculum not only prescribes documentation and quality assessment, it also requires children’s participation in the documentation process, although it offers no directions on how the documenting should be done, which can leave teachers unsure of how to do it. This study differs from research that presents pedagogical documentation as a way of enabling children’s participation in preschool in that it explores children’s participation in producing different forms of documentation in a Swedish preschool – and it finds that such participation is complex. The findings imply that, whether documentation is activity-integrated or retrospective, different forms of participation are possible.
Wanna Contraction in Children: Retesting and Revising the Developmental Facts

Previous research has suggested that very young children learning English adhere quite rigidly to a grammatical constraint on the possible contexts for contraction of want and to into the reduced form wanna. Two elicited production studies reported here suggest that young children do produce wanna in illicit contexts. One study identifies one factor that offers a partial explanation for the conflicting results, but this factor alone does not completely explain the earlier nearly categorical results observed for children. Our findings cast doubt on the claim that children have innate knowledge of a categorical constraint against contraction over a trace or of any absolute constraint on the occurrence of wanna, and highlight the need for further developmental work.
A Description and Evaluation of a Community Child Mental Health Service

A community-based child mental health service was established for families of preschool children with emotional and behavioural problems in the children, psychosocial problems in the family or parenting difficulties. The intervention was home-based and conducted by health visitors and paediatric community medical officers trained in parent counselling, parenting issues and child behavioural management. The approach was based upon frameworks derived from counselling theory, with the intervention dependent upon the development of a trusting and respectful partnership with the parents. The aims were to promote and support the parents' own exploration of the identified problems, and to help them establish clear aims and effective problem management strategies. Ongoing supervision was provided by a clinical psychologist. The evidence indicated that the training course was acceptable to non-mental health professionals and effective in preparing them to work with psychosocial problems. The service was a feasible option for work at the community level; it was acceptable to both referrers and parents and beneficial for families living in a very deprived inner-city community.
The Relationship between Childhood and Collegehood Place Attachment to Home Environment for College Students 1)

This study explored Korean college students' place attachment to current home environments and their place attachment to childhood home environments. The study sought to confirm the relationship between childhood place attachment and collegehood place attachment to home environment. Data were collected from 336 students at four universities in Jellabuk-Do, Korea, and questionnaire survey was performed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was computed and showed five factors related to place attachment of home environment. Place intimacy, rootedness, place identity, place dependence, and place palyness showed in childhood place attachment to home; place identity, place affection, place restfulness, place dependence, and rootedness in collegehood place attachment to home. Canonical correlation analysis showed that childhood place attachment to home explained 43.9% variance with regard to collegehood place attachment to home. This relationship implied that childhood place attachment strongly affected subsequent collegehood place attachment.
Improving Financial Decision Making With Unconscious Thought: A Transcendent Model

This article explains that a more rational and optimal approach to financial decision making than is proposed by finance theories alone would be that includes unconsciousness into the process. The total cognitive decision making capacity of an individual is comprised of both a conscious component and an unconscious component; and these two components are complementary and compensatory to each another. A decision-making process that integrates these two components would, therefore, first generally improve the quality of decisions, and second reduce the unfavorable impact of behavioral biases (with overconfidence, heuristics, etc as examples) on decision making.
Examining the role of trauma, personality, and meaning in young prolonged grievers

Younger spouses or partners have been understudied in the prolonged grief literature. The purpose of this study was to determine rates of prolonged grief in young spouses or partners and the associations between prolonged grief and personality styles (specifically, narcissistic, histrionic, and obsessive), trauma history, and the perceived meaning of the loss in the young conjugally bereaved.
Circadian Clock Gene Per2 Is Not Necessary for the Photoperiodic Response in Mice

In mammals, light information received by the eyes is transmitted to the pineal gland via the circadian pacemaker, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Melatonin secreted by the pineal gland at night decodes night length and regulates seasonal physiology and behavior. Melatonin regulates the expression of the β-subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; Tshb) in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland. Long day-induced PT TSH acts on ependymal cells in the mediobasal hypothalamus to induce the expression of type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) and reduce type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) that are thyroid hormone-activating and hormone-inactivating enzymes, respectively. The long day-activated thyroid hormone T3 regulates seasonal gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. It is well established that the circadian clock is involved in the regulation of photoperiodism. However, the involvement of the circadian clock gene in photoperiodism regulation remains unclear. Although mice are generally considered non-seasonal animals, it was recently demonstrated that mice are a good model for the study of photoperiodism. In the present study, therefore, we examined the effect of changing day length in Per2 deletion mutant mice that show shorter wheel-running rhythms under constant darkness followed by arhythmicity. Although the amplitude of clock gene (Per1, Cry1) expression was greatly attenuated in the SCN, the expression profile of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, a rate-limiting melatonin synthesis enzyme, was unaffected in the pineal gland, and robust photoperiodic responses of the Tshb, Dio2, and Dio3 genes were observed. These results suggested that the Per2 clock gene is not necessary for the photoperiodic response in mice.