Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Study of the Variable Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Voriconazole

ABSTRACT Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent used for the treatment of severe fungal infections. Maintaining therapeutic concentrations of 1 to 5.5 μg/ml is currently recommended to maximize the exposure-response relationship of voriconazole. However, this is challenging, given the highly variable pharmacokinetics of the drug, which includes metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isotypes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, through which common metabolic pathways for many medications take place and which are also expressed in different isoforms with various metabolic efficacies. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are also metabolized through these enzymes, making them competitive inhibitors of voriconazole metabolism, and coadministration with voriconazole has been reported to increase total voriconazole exposure. We examined the effects of five PPIs (rabeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, and esomeprazole) on voriconazole concentrations using four sets of human liver microsomes (HLMs) of different CYP450 phenotypes. Overall, the use of voriconazole in combination with any PPI led to a significantly higher voriconazole yield compared to that achieved with voriconazole alone in both pooled HLMs (77% versus 59%; P < 0.001) and individual HLMs (86% versus 76%; P < 0.001). The mean percent change in the voriconazole yield from that at the baseline after PPI exposure in pooled microsomes ranged from 22% with pantoprazole to 51% with esomeprazole. Future studies are warranted to confirm whether and how the deliberate coadministration of voriconazole and PPIs can be used to boost voriconazole levels in patients with difficult-to-treat fungal infections.
A qualitative study of informal caregivers’ perspectives on the effects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-shortening lung disease that leads to significant morbidity in patients. The devastation IPF imposes extends beyond patients: it affects their spouses, loved ones and any other person who might take on the role of informal caregiver (IC) to the patient. Objective The aim of this study was to capture ICs’ perspectives on how they are affected by having a loved one with IPF. Given ICs’ vantage, data were also collected on their perceptions of how IPF impacted their patient-loved ones over the course of the disease. Methods Reflexive team analysis was used to analyse the transcripts from semistructured focus groups conducted with ICs of patients with IPF. Based on the analyses, a conceptual framework of the IC's journey with a patient with IPF was developed and includes suggestions for interventions that might ease the burdens ICs endure while caring for their patient-loved ones. Results 14 ICs included in this study experienced several hardships throughout the course of their loved ones’ illness, from emotional devastation at the time of diagnosis to living with an ‘impatient,’ ‘cranky’ loved one and being forced to exist in a ‘smaller world’ because of the physical limitations IPF imposed on their partners. The threat of patients needing supplemental oxygen was central to creating angst among patients and ICs, and supplemental oxygen use by patients prohibited them and their ICs from living the ‘normal’, carefree lives they desired. Conclusions Being an IC to a patient with IPF is extremely challenging (as 1 IC put it: “…harder on the spouse than the patient in some ways”). As patients attempt to adapt to the ‘sick person’ role, ICs face a struggle between performing their duties as caregiver and maintaining their own identities and independence.
Transcriptional Profiling Identifies a Role for BrlA in the Response to Nitrogen Depletion and for StuA in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Clusters in Aspergillus fumigatus

ABSTRACT Conidiation (asexual sporulation) is a key developmental process in filamentous fungi. We examined the gene regulatory roles of the Aspergillus fumigatus developmental transcription factors StuAp and BrlAp during conidiation. Conidiation was completely abrogated in an A. fumigatus ΔbrlA mutant and was severely impaired in a ΔstuA mutant. We determined the full genome conidiation transcriptomes of wild-type and ΔbrlA and ΔstuA mutant A. fumigatus and found that BrlAp and StuAp governed overlapping but distinct transcriptional programs. Six secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters were found to be regulated by StuAp, while only one cluster exhibited BrlAp-dependent expression. The ΔbrlA mutant, but not the ΔstuA mutant, had impaired downregulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins under nitrogen-limiting, but not carbon-limiting, conditions. Interestingly, inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway also caused downregulation of ribosomal protein genes in both the wild-type strain and the ΔbrlA mutant. Downregulation of these genes by TOR inhibition was associated with conidiation in the wild-type strain but not in the ΔbrlA mutant. Therefore, BrlAp-mediated repression of ribosomal protein gene expression is not downstream of the TOR pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ribosomal protein gene expression is not sufficient to induce conidiation in the absence of BrlAp.
Chinese College Students' Abilities and Attitudes for Peer Review

Abstract This study investigated Chinese college students' ability to review their peer's essays and their attitudes towards peer review. I implemented a quasi-experiment on two College English classes for ten weeks. A triangulated analysis combining quantitative measures, qualitative analyses, and field notes showed that the experimental class had the capacity for commenting on peers' writing and demonstrated positive attitudes towards peer review. An independent sample t-test shows that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control groups in several aspects of English writing. On the completion of the experiment, students in the experimental group were also found to have more positive attitudes and higher motivation towards English writing. The findings suggest that as an effective collaborative activity, peer review should be widely employed in English writing instruction to enhance motivation, foster collaboration, and improve English writing. 本研究是对中国大学生英语写作中互读互评能力和态度的实验研究。 两个自然班的61名学生参加了本实验。 在过程式写作下，实验班系统地学习并开展了同学评议活动。 数据分析采用了定量手段和定性分析相结合的方法。 互评评语的定量分析、问卷调查、教师观察以及对学生作文的分析表明中国大学生具有互读互评的能力，互读互评有助于提高学生的写作能力，提升学生英语写作的动机和兴趣，促进协作式学习。 本研究结果表明作为一项有效的协作式教学活动，互读互评应该在大学英语写作课堂上广泛使用。
Does the walkability of neighbourhoods affect children's independent mobility, independent of parental, socio-cultural and individual factors?

The association between neighbourhood walkability and children's independent mobility using an ecological approach is relatively unexplored. In 2007, 1480 10- to 12-year-old children (and 1314 parents) attending low and high walkable schools across Perth, Western Australia, completed surveys. Objective built environment, social-cultural and individual-level factors were explored. High neighbourhood walkability predicted girls' independent mobility. However, girls and boys were more likely to be independently mobile if they and their parents were confident that they could travel independently. Providing safe, walkable neighbourhoods – particularly for girls – combined with strategies to improve children's skills to safely navigate their neighbourhood may increase independent mobility.
An insect trap as habitat: cohesion-failure mechanism prevents adhesion of Pameridea roridulae bugs to the sticky surface of the plant Roridula gorgonias

SUMMARY The glandular trichomes of the plant Roridula gorgonias release an extremely adhesive, visco-elastic, resinous secretion that traps a variety of insects, including those having a considerable body size. However, the specialized mutualistic mirid bug Pameridea roridulae lives and walks on this sticky plant surface without being trapped. We have sought to reveal the mechanism underlying the apparent non-sticky nature of the cuticle of this bug. In this study, we have visualized intact plant and insect surfaces using cryo-scanning electron microscopy and measured the adhesive properties of the plant secretion on different surfaces. We present a combination of structural and experimental results that suggest that a thick and cohesively weak film of an outermost, epicuticular greasy secretion acts as a `sloughing-off' layer, preventing the formation of contacts between the sticky plant secretion and the solid insect cuticle. In a comparative study of fresh cuticle fractures of flies representing a typical prey of R. gorgonias, a thin, fragmentary layer of epicuticular grease was revealed. These results indicate that, when trapping prey, the plant adhesive might form proper contact with solid islands of the insect cuticle that are free of epicuticular grease.
Effects of resource demanding processing on context memory for context-related versus context-unrelated items

In two experiments, context memory was compared between conditions of higher versus lower cognitive load. The ease of the item–context binding was manipulated using words whose meaning was preexperimentally related versus unrelated to context (colour). Experiment 1 showed that an item generation task may lead to a decrease in memory for font colour without enhancing item recognition. Experiment 2 used a dual-task paradigm, that is, participants performed a concurrent task during the study phase of the memory task. The divided-attention condition decreased both item and context memory. However, in both experiments, the influence of resource demanding conditions on context memory was apparent only when the item–context binding process was not facilitated by preexperimental associations.
Product Categorization and Inference Making: Some Implications for Comparative Advertising

A categorization approach to inference making was used to determine when the effects of comparative advertising would differ from those of noncomparative advertising. Comparative advertising led to different responses for experts relative to either product class or product type level noncomparative advertising, but for novices only when the noncomparative ad referred to a broad product class. These differences were for measures of similarity, distinctiveness, and ad informativeness. Mean values on brand attitudes were not differentially influenced by comparative versus noncomparative advertising, though comparative advertising resulted in more polarized attitudes. These results were interpreted within the categorization framework and point to the general usefulness of this conceptual framework.
Query Processing Over Peer-To-Peer Data Sharing Systems

Peer-to-peer systems are mainly used for object sharing currently, but they can provide the infrastructure for many other applications. In this paper, we extend the idea of object sharing to data sharing on a peer-to-peer system. We propose a method, which is based on the CAN [9] system, for efficiently evaluating range queries on such a system. The answers of the range queries are cached at the peers and then they are used to answer further range queries. The scalability and efficiency of our design is shown through simulation.
A Novel Interaction of the Catalytic Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A with the Adaptor Protein CIN85 Suppresses Phosphatase Activity and Facilitates Platelet Outside-in αIIbβ3 Integrin Signaling*

The transduction of signals generated by protein kinases and phosphatases are critical for the ability of integrin αIIbβ3 to support stable platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. Unlike kinases, it remains unclear how serine/threonine phosphatases engage the signaling networks that are initiated following integrin ligation. Because protein-protein interactions form the backbone of signal transduction, we searched for proteins that interact with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac). In a yeast two-hybrid study, we identified a novel interaction between PP2Ac and an adaptor protein CIN85 (Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa). Truncation and alanine mutagenesis studies revealed that PP2Ac binds to the P3 block (396PAIPPKKPRP405) of the proline-rich region in CIN85. The interaction of purified PP2Ac with CIN85 suppressed phosphatase activity. Human embryonal kidney 293 αIIbβ3 cells overexpressing a CIN85 P3 mutant, which cannot support PP2Ac binding, displayed decreased adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. Platelets contain the ∼85 kDa CIN85 protein along with the PP2Ac-CIN85 complex. A myristylated cell-permeable peptide derived from residues 395–407 of CIN85 protein (P3 peptide) disrupted the platelet PP2Ac-CIN85 complex and decreased αIIbβ3 signaling dependent functions such as platelet spreading on fibrinogen and thrombin-mediated fibrin clot retraction. In a phospho-profiling study P3 peptide treated platelets also displayed decreased phosphorylation of several signaling proteins including Src and GSK3β. Taken together, these data support a role for the novel PP2Ac-CIN85 complex in supporting integrin-dependent platelet function by dampening the phosphatase activity.
Teachers into lecturers: an agenda for change

Abstract Teachers who make a career move into initial teacher education lecturer posts in higher education institutions are often more than halfway through their professional careers, yet they often take on the role of lecturer with little experience of some of the requirements of the post. Most lecturing posts carry with them a research commitment. For these new entrants, this aspect of their post can be daunting. This research considers the reflective views of a number of new lecturers, with different areas of subject expertise. It compares their experiences and offers suggestions for an agenda for change in terms of induction procedures, support and professional development strategies which could lead to more effective induction of new lecturers in initial teacher education which utilise more fully the best practice which exists at present.
The Potential Jamaican Impact of Criminal Deportees from the U.S.

ABSTRACT Using data collected on Jamaican criminal deportees and data from the U.S. census and the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, annual remittances losses to Jamaica resulting from deportation are estimated to be $1.9 million. Murders and reported rapes in Jamaica are estimated to be 5% higher due to criminal deportation. We estimate there are 84,749 Jamaican-born illegal aliens in the U.S. and Jamaican-born illegal aliens are 45% less likely to commit crimes than legally admitted aliens. We demonstrate that criminal deportation is unlikely to rise in the near future and U.S. gains from deportation are greater than Jamaican losses.
Absorption Coefficients of Ethylene in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

Absorption coefficients of ethylene have been measured in the region 1065–2000A. The most intense absorption has been found to occur in the bands near 1700A where the k values are near 1400 cm−1. Two main continua were found having maxima at 1620 and 1250A, with k values of 750 cm−1 and 625 cm−1 at the respective maxima. The oscillator strengths are 0.34 for the 1620A continuum and 0.30 for the 1250A continuum. The ionization region was observed beginning at 1180A. A number of new bands were observed and some of them were classified as members of the first Rydberg system observed by Price and Tutte. A discussion of these results in the light of Mulliken’s theoretical work is presented.
Diagnosing Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the HIV Era

Tuberculin skin testing (TST) and Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)release assays (IGRAs) are presently the only available assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected individuals. IGRAs might progressively replace TST, as numerous published reports establish their higher specificity and similar sensitivity when tested in BCG vaccinated, immunocompetent individuals or in populations who may have been in contact with atypical mycobacteria. However, few published reports have commented on their role in TB diagnosis in immunocompromised individuals (HIV, immunosuppressive therapy, cancer…). It is the purpose of this report to review IGRAs published studies in HIV individuals in endemic and non endemic area for tuberculosis (TB). IGRAs were tested in the presence or absence of active TB but correlated to duration of exposure. In newly diagnosed active TB, IGRAs demonstrated a similar sensitivity to TST. In TB non infected individuals, TST and IGRAs also gave similar values when categorization of individuals was correlated to the risk of infection. A higher number of positive IGRAs was observed in individuals from TB endemic areas, in similar proportions to immunocompetent individuals. Comparison between the two IGRAs: QuantiFERON-TB Gold® (QF-TB, Cellestis, Australia) and T-SPOT-TB® (Oxford Immunotec, UK), and against TST, in the same HIV population demonstrates a higher sensitivity of T-SPOT-TB and TST than QF-TB. Indeterminate results, which correspond to the absence of a positive T-cell IFNγ response towards phytohemaglutinin (PHA), is a key point when comparing both IGRAs. This PHA control is indicative of the level of immunosuppression observed in the tested individual. QF-TB seems to present, in HIV populations, more indeterminate results than T-SPOT-TB. The calibration and/or concentration of PBMC on nitrocellulose membrane for the T-SPOT-TB, as compared to a whole blood assay, might explain this difference, with less indeterminate results with the T-SPOT-TB assay. Neither assay is able to differentiate active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI). Several laboratories have tried new antigenic epitopes to solve this issue. It is of importance that these studies need to be repeated on a larger scale by others to validate their results. Two blood assays might add information characterising the evolution from LTBI to active TB: either by losing protective immunity, as demonstrated by the whole blood killing assay, or by evaluating the kinetics of the antibodies synthesized against M. tuberculosis specific antigens. In conclusion, longitudinal studies are still needed to validate IGRAs and other assays and to define their respective predictive values.
Two operons that encode FNR‐like proteins in Lactococcus lactis

Global regulatory circuits of the type mediated by CRP and FNR in Escherichia coli were sought in Lactococcus lactis to provide a basis for redirecting carbon metabolism to specific fermentation products. Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, two genes (flpA and flpB) encoding FNR‐like proteins (FlpA and FlpB) with the potential for mediating a dithiol‐disulphide‐dependent regulatory switch, were identified. Transcript analysis indicated that they are distal genes of two paralogous operons, orfX‐orfY‐flp, in which the orfX and orfY genes were predicted to encode binding domain components of cation ATPases and storage proteins respectively. The corresponding promoters were each associated with a potential FNR site (TTGAT—‐ATCAA) at positions + 4.5 (flpA operon) and −42.5 (flpB operon), suggesting that the respective operons might be negatively and positively autoregulated. The incomplete open reading frames (orfWA/B) located upstream of each operon were predicted to encode additional components of paralogous cation ATPases. No phenotypic effects were detected in flpA and flpB single mutants, but the double mutant had a lower intracellular zinc content, an increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and an altered polypeptide profile (as determined by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis): formate production was not affected. It was concluded tentatively that FlpA and FlpB regulate overlapping modulons, including systems concerned with zinc uptake, in response to metal ion or oxidative stress.
Culture and compliance gaining in the classroom: A preliminary investigation of Chinese college teachers' use of behavior alteration techniques

This study examined the use of behavior alteration techniques (BATs) to gain student compliance in the Chinese context. Chinese college teachers reported using most of the BATs that college teachers from the United States (U.S.) have been found to use; Chinese teachers use many BATs even more frequently. However, Chinese teachers communicate behavior alteration messages (BAMs) that differ from those used by their U.S. counterparts. While previous research with U.S. teachers shows a preference for reward‐based, prosocial BATs, Chinese teachers said they were more likely to use punishment‐oriented, antisocial BATs. Finally, analysis of interview data revealed that Chinese teachers' use of BATs and BAMs emphasized authority, morality and modeling. These themes are consistent with larger themes in Chinese culture and help to make sense of cultural variation in instructional communication behaviors.
Incorporating User Time Spent and Graph Neural Network for Session-based Recommendation

Session-based recommendation is a specific type of recommendation that has been widely studied and applied for a long time. With the rapid advancement of deep learning models, which are capable of processing sequential data and achieving remarkable results in many natural language processing tasks, this problem has attracted more attention and popularity in recent research. One of the most effective approaches so far is the Graph Neural Network model, which represents sessions as directed graphs and applies deep learning to improve the quality of recommendations. However, most of the previous studies overlook the user time spent on each item, which is a form of implicit feedback that can help the system measure the user interest level. Therefore, in this paper, we build on the Graph Neural Network model and incorporate the user time spent as a factor to enhance the sessionbased recommendations. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods consistently.
The influence of indol-3yl acetic acid and sugar on the pattern of induced differentiation in plant tissue culture.

The induction of vascular differentiation in callus tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris by the application of indol-3yl acetic acid (IAA) and sucrose has been studied by cytological methods. The application of radioactive IAA and sucrose in the induction experiments has enabled the concentration of these substances, which move through the callus tissue mass by simple diffusion, to be estimated. Various monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides and sugar derivatives have been used instead of sucrose in order to study the biological role of the sugar molecule in the induction process. The results indicate that sucrose and certain other α-glucosyl disaccharides have a specific action in inducing differentiation into nodules containing xylem, phloem and meristematic activity. Evidence is also presented to show that possibly only very young cells, immediately following division, can be induced to differentiate.