Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOSS GIVEN DEFAULT (LGD) KREDIT PEMILIKAN RUMAH (KPR) DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS MODEL INDUSTRI PERBANKAN DAN BANK BTN CABANG PURWOKERTO TAHUN 2002-2013

Property industry drives economic activity by having a multiplier effect. On one hand the industry is pushing of economic activities in other sectors are related. On the other hand, excessive of property development industry can also have a negative impact for economy in case of oversupply and bubble pricing. Therefore in the lending activities bank must take security elements to minimize credit risk, such as Loss Given Default (LGD) or Severity of Loss. This research will analyze the factors that influence Loss Given Default (LGD) of loans mortgages in Indonesia during 2002-2013 using two models of research. LGD 1 models for Indonesian State Banks and LGD 2 models for sampled on BTN Bank Branch of Purwokerto. The results of this study indicate that there is no LGD on mortgages loans in both of the Indonesian state banks models or BTN Bank Branch of Purwokerto models. The property industry in Indonesia is unique among other countries as it offers a high return low risk investments. Property prices in Indonesia still stables despite high inflation and rising on interest rates. Based on the analysis, the Indonesian State Banks’s LGD influenced by House Price, Loan Amount, Growth BI Rate, and Growth GDP not significant. While at BTN Bank Branch of Purwokerto shows results that LTV, Unpaid Day, and Prime Lending Rate to be factors that influence the LGD.
Testing Thermo-acoustic Sound Generation in Water with Proton and Laser Beams

Experiments were performed at a proton accelerator and an infrared laser facility to investigate the sound generation caused by the energy deposition of pulsed particle and laser beams in water. The beams with an energy range of 1 PeV to 400 PeV per proton beam spill and up to 10 EeV for the laser pulse were dumped into a water volume and the resulting acoustic signals were recorded with pressure sensitive sensors. Measurements were performed at varying pulse energies, sensor positions, beam diameters and temperatures. The data is well described by simulations based on the thermo-acoustic model. This implies that the primary mechanism for sound generation by the energy deposition of particles propagating in water is the local heating of the media giving rise to an expansion or contraction of the medium resulting in a pressure pulse with bipolar shape.
The Ants of Nantucket: Unexpectedly High Biodiversity in an Anthropogenic Landscape

Abstract This first comprehensive assessment of the ant fauna of Nantucket Island, MA revealed that 43% of New England ant species and 70% of New England ant genera occur on an island occupying only 0.07% of New England's land area. Ants collected by four different research groups between 2000 and 2009 included 32, 158 individual ants (2911 incidences) from 384 spatially and temporally distinct samples representing 14 different vegetation community types. The majority of the ant species were collected from anthropogenically derived and maintained sandplain grasslands, sandplain heathlands, and Scrub Oak shrublands. These three communities are state-ranked S1 community types; the lower state-ranked communities of beaches and sand dunes, bogs, salt marshes, and forest fragments had distinct ant assemblages with much lower species richness. The large number of samples described here, from a wide range of vegetation community types, expands the known list of Nantucket ant species more than three-fold and provides a baseline for future assessment of the effects of ongoing, long-term ecosystem management on Nantucket.
Contribution of First-versus Second-Generation Products to Secondary Organic Aerosols Formed in the Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons

Biogenic hydrocarbons emitted by vegetation are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the aerosol formation mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the formation of aerosols and gas-phase products from the ozonolysis and photooxidation of a series of biogenic hydrocarbons (isoprene, 8 monoterpenes, 4 sesquiterpenes, and 3 oxygenated terpenes) are examined. By comparing aerosol growth (measured by Differential Mobility Analyzers, DMAs) and gas-phase concentrations (monitored by a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer, PTR-MS), we study the general mechanisms of SOA formation. Aerosol growth data are presented in terms of a “growth curve”, a plot of aerosol mass formed versus the amount of hydrocarbon reacted. From the shapes of the growth curves, it is found that all the hydrocarbons studied can be classified into two groups based entirely on the number of double bonds of the hydrocarbon, regardless of the reaction systems (ozonolysis or photooxidation) and the types of hydrocarbons studied: compounds with only one double bond and compounds with more than one double bond. For compounds with only one double bond, the first oxidation step is rate-limiting, and aerosols are formed mainly from low volatility firstgeneration oxidation products; whereas for compounds with more than one double bond, the second oxidation step may also be rate-limiting and second-generation products contribute substantially to SOA growth. This behavior is characterized by a vertical section in the growth curve, in which continued aerosol growth is observed even after all the parent hydrocarbon is consumed.
Psychophysically based artistic techniques for increased perceived realism of virtual environments

The perceived realism of a computer generated image depends on the accuracy of the modeling and illumination calculations, the limitations of the display device, and the way in which the Human Visual System processes this information. A real environment is unlikely to be pristine but will have accumulated dirt, dust and scratches from everyday use. Although human observers do not perhaps consciously take note of these phenomena, the absence of such features from the synthetic representation of that real scene may indeed affect the viewer's perceived realism of the virtual environment. This paper presents a series of psychophysical experiments to examine whether perceived realism of a virtual environment may be improved by adding textures artistically enhanced.
Evaluation of the ISO Standard 11063 DNA Extraction Procedure for Assessing Soil Microbial Abundance and Community Structure

Soil DNA extraction has become a critical step in describing microbial biodiversity. Historically, ascertaining overarching microbial ecological theories has been hindered as independent studies have used numerous custom and commercial DNA extraction procedures. For that reason, a standardized soil DNA extraction method (ISO-11063) was previously published. However, although this ISO method is suited for molecular tools such as quantitative PCR and community fingerprinting techniques, it has only been optimized for examining soil bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess an appropriate soil DNA extraction procedure for examining bacterial, archaeal and fungal diversity in soils of contrasting land-use and physico-chemical properties. Three different procedures were tested: the ISO-11063 standard; a custom procedure (GnS-GII); and a modified ISO procedure (ISOm) which includes a different mechanical lysis step (a FastPrep ®-24 lysis step instead of the recommended bead-beating). The efficacy of each method was first assessed by estimating microbial biomass through total DNA quantification. Then, the abundances and community structure of bacteria, archaea and fungi were determined using real-time PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches. Results showed that DNA yield was improved with the GnS-GII and ISOm procedures, and fungal community patterns were found to be strongly dependent on the extraction method. The main methodological factor responsible for differences between extraction procedure efficiencies was found to be the soil homogenization step. For integrative studies which aim to examine bacteria, archaea and fungi simultaneously, the ISOm procedure results in higher DNA recovery and better represents microbial communities.
Tree Linearization in English: Improving Language Model Based Approaches

We compare two approaches to dependency tree linearization, a task which arises in many NLP applications. The first one is the widely used 'overgenerate and rank' approach which relies exclusively on a trigram language model (LM); the second one combines language modeling with a maximum entropy classifier trained on a range of linguistic features. The results provide strong support for the combined method and show that trigram LMs are appropriate for phrase linearization while on the clause level a richer representation is necessary to achieve comparable performance.
Clonal Exhaustion as a Mechanism to Protect Against Severe Immunopathology and Death from an Overwhelming CD8 T Cell Response

The balance between protective immunity and immunopathology often determines the fate of the virus-infected host. How rapidly virus is cleared is a function of initial viral load, viral replication rate, and efficiency of the immune response. Here, we demonstrate, with three different inocula of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), how the race between virus replication and T cell responses can result in different disease outcomes. A low dose of LCMV generated efficient CD8 T effector cells, which cleared the virus with minimal lung and liver pathology. A high dose of LCMV resulted in clonal exhaustion of T cell responses, viral persistence, and little immunopathology. An intermediate dose only partially exhausted the T cell responses and resulted in significant mortality, and the surviving mice developed viral persistence and massive immunopathology, including necrosis of the lungs and liver. This suggests that for non-cytopathic viruses like LCMV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, clonal exhaustion may be a protective mechanism preventing severe immunopathology and death.
Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development

Abstract This article draws out the implications for school and classroom practices of an emerging consensus about the science of learning and development, outlined in a recent synthesis of the research. Situating the review in a developmental systems framework, we synthesize evidence from the learning sciences and several branches of educational research regarding well-vetted strategies that support the kinds of relationships and learning opportunities needed to promote children’s well-being, healthy development, and transferable learning. In addition, we review research regarding practices that can help educators respond to individual variability, address adversity, and support resilience, such that schools can enable all children to find positive pathways to adulthood.
Modeling Altruism and Spitefulness in Experiments

We examine a simple theory of altruism in which players' payoffs are linear in their own monetary income and their opponents. The weight on the opponent's income is private information and varies in the population, depending, moreover, on what the opponent's coefficient is believed to be. Using results of ultimatum experiments and the final round of a centipede experiment, we are able to pin down relatively accurately what the distribution of altruism (and spite) in the population is. This distribution is then used with a reasonable degree of success to explain the results of the earlier rounds of centipede and the results of some public goods contribution games. In addition, we show that in a market game where the theory of selfish players does quite well, the theory of altruism makes exactly the same predictions as the theory of selfish players. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe

Isotopic investigations of two cemetery populations from the Corded Ware Culture in southern Germany reveal new information on the dating of these graves, human diet during this period, and individual mobility. Corded Ware Culture was present across much of temperate Europe ca. 2800–2200 cal. BC and is represented by distinctive artifacts and burial practices. Corded Ware was strongly influenced by the Yamnaya Culture that arose in the steppes of eastern Europe and western Eurasia after 3000 BC, as indicated by recent aDNA research. However, the development of CW on different chronological and spatial scales has to be evaluated. Examination of the CW burials from southern Germany supports an argument for substantial human mobility in this period. Several burials from gravefields and larger samples from two large cemeteries at Lauda-Königshofen "Wöllerspfad" and at Bergheinfeld “Hühnerberg” contributed the human remains for our study of bone and tooth enamel from the Corded Ware Culture. Our results suggest that Corded Ware groups in this region at least were subsisting on a mix of plant and animal foods and were highly mobile, especially the women. We interpret this as indicating a pattern of female exogamy, involving different groups with differing economic strategies.
TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Network

This paper presents an end-to-end trainable fast scene text detector, named TextBoxes, which detects scene text with both high accuracy and efficiency in a single network forward pass, involving no post-process except for a standard non-maximum suppression. TextBoxes outperforms competing methods in terms of text localization accuracy and is much faster, taking only 0.09s per image in a fast implementation. Furthermore, combined with a text recognizer, TextBoxes significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on word spotting and end-to-end text recognition tasks.
Cross-layer cooperative routing for vehicular networks

Vehicular Networks are more and more considerable recently. With the rapid advance of information technology, it becomes easy to support low cost inter-vehicle communication. In particular, the demand for delay sensitive applications, such as streaming media distribution, is increasing. However, due to the high mobility, links between roadside units and wireless nodes are intermittent, unreliable and inefficient. We propose cross-layer cooperative routing (CLCR) for vehicular networks to overcome the unreliability of the wireless channel and maximize the system throughput. Owing to different relay nodes may lead to different results. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to choose appropriate relay nodes in vehicular networks. Furthermore, we extend the lifetime of routing path to reduce the frequency of route rediscovering. Simulation results based on network simulator 2 (ns2) and mobility model generator for vehicular networks (MOVE) show the proposed CLCR has good performance.
Chapter 48 Nociceptive On-and Off-Cells in the Mesopontine Tegmentum

The brainstem modulates the spinal cord nociceptive system through important links between the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). This network can enhance or suppress nociceptive processing, and it plays a role in facilitated pain states as well as opioid analgesia (14, 37). Within the RVM the neurophysiological network producing antinociception has been studied extensively (14). This RVM noci-modulatory circuit is composed of two classes of neurons defined by changes in activity associated with nocifensive reflexes such as the tail flick or paw withdrawal evoked by noxious heat. ¡§On-cells¡ ̈ increase firing just before the occurrence of such reflexes, and these neurons play a pro-nociceptive role. By contrast, ¡§off-cells¡ ̈ pause just prior to a nocifensive reflex, and selective activation of off-cells produces antinociception (15, 25, 26, 36). Opioids produce analgesia by activating off-cells (25). Neurons without reflex-related changes in firing are termed ¡§neutral cells,¡ ̈ and whether they have any role in nociceptive modulation is not presently known.
A novel wide-band noise-parameter measurement method and its cryogenic application

The concept of using a long mismatched transmission line to measure noise parameters has been known for some time. However, it has been limited to narrow-bandwidth applications, and a wide-band extension has never been reported. In order to measure the cryogenic noise parameters of a wide-band low-noise amplifier (LNA), a wide-band frequency-variation method is proposed. In this method, the four noise parameters at each frequency are derived numerically from a set of matched and mismatched noise temperatures measured within a surrounding frequency-sampling window. By scanning this frequency-sampling window, noise parameters over a wide frequency range can be obtained. Since this approach can be easily incorporated into existing noise measurement systems, a tuner is not required, and the technique can be applied to a cryogenic amplifier. This paper details the theory, implementation, and verification of this new method. The measured noise parameters of a cryogenic wide-band LNA are presented.
HST FGS astrometry – the value of fractional millisecond of arc precision

Abstract In a few years astrometry with the venerable combination of Hubble Space Telescope and Fine Guidance Sensor will be replaced by SIM, Gaia, and long-baseline interferometry. Until then we remain a resource of choice for sub-millisecond of arc precision optical astrometry. As examples we discuss 1) the uses which can be made of our parallaxes of Galactic Cepheids, and 2) the determination of perturbation orbital elements for several exoplanet host stars, yielding true companion masses.
The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB1 bioavailability safely and efficaciously in several mammalian species. This study was designed to: (1) evaluate AFB1 impact on cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, over the course of seven weeks; and (2) assess NS supplementation as a strategy to prevent aflatoxicosis. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm AFB1. Two additional treatment groups were fed either 5 ppm AFB1 + 1% NS or 5 ppm AFB1 + 2% NS. Aflatoxin B1 negatively impacted red drum weight gain, survival, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole-body lipid levels, liver histopathological scoring, as well as trypsin inhibition. NovaSil inclusion in AFB1-contaminated diets improved weight gain, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, muscle somatic index, and intraperitoneal fat ratios compared to AFB1-treated fish. Although not significant, NS reduced AFB1-induced histopathological changes in the liver and decreased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining. Importantly, NS supplementation improved overall health of AFB1-exposed red drum.
Semantic Ambiguity and Perceived Ambiguity

I explore some of the issues that arise when trying to establish a connection between the underspecification hypothesis pursued in the NLP literature and work on ambiguity in semantics and in the psychological literature. A theory of underspecification is developed `from the first principles', i.e., starting from a definition of what it means for a sentence to be semantically ambiguous and from what we know about the way humans deal with ambiguity. An underspecified language is specified as the translation language of a grammar covering sentences that display three classes of semantic ambiguity: lexical ambiguity, scopal ambiguity, and referential ambiguity. The expressions of this language denote sets of senses. A formalization of defeasible reasoning with underspecified representations is presented, based on Default Logic. Some issues to be confronted by such a formalization are discussed.
CRACK GROWTH IN FINITE ELASTICITY

In this paper, we prove a new existence result for a variational model of crack growth in brittle materials proposed in [15]. We consider the case of n -dimensional finite elasticity, for an arbitrary n ≥ 1 , with a quasiconvex bulk energy and with prescribed boundary deformations and applied loads, both depending on time.
An examination of the causal relationship between bank lending and economic growth: evidence from ASEAN

The concern of this paper is to investigate the direction of causality relationship between bank lending and economic growth for the five ASEAN founding economies, namely Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. The study has adopted time series approach, Granger causality test to examine the demand-follo wing hypothesis (economic growth causes bank lending), and supply-leading hypo thesis (bank lending causes economic growth). The empirical results show that the supply-leading hypothesis is supported by Thailand data, and the demand-following hypothesis is evidenced by Singapore. Other countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines) fail to support neither supply-leading hypothesis nor demand-following hypothesis. JEL Classification: C51, 011, 057
Principal Competencies that Make a Difference

Literature in the field of school leadership substantiates principals‘ influence on student achievement. Less clarity is available concerning principals’ influence on school turnaround or the competencies needed for principals to effectively engage in and sustain the turnaround of low-performing schools. This study seeks to illuminate principal competencies that support an individual's ability to influence turnaround as evidenced by increased student achievement. We analyzed behavioral event interviews conducted with 19 principals whose schools experienced a rapid increase in student achievement. This sample is the successful 10% of a population of 200 principals who each attempted to lead a turnaround. From the interview data, we derived seven competencies that capture the specific characteristics and actions of principals leading turnaround. Our research provides an initial framework for the actions, behaviors, and dispositions of successful turnaround principals. Results of this study suggest ways to improve the selection and development of turnaround principals.
The Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel with Boron

This study forms part of the current research on modern steel groups with higher resistance to abrasive wear. In order to reduce the intensity of wear processes, and also to minimize their impact, the immediate priority seems to be a search for a correlation between the chemical composition and structure of these materials and their properties. In this paper, the correlation between prior austenite grain size, martensite packets and the mechanical properties were researched. The growth of austenite grains is an important factor in the analysis of the microstructure, as the grain size has an effect on the kinetics of phase transformation. The microstructure, however, is closely related to the mechanical properties of the material such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and impact strength, as well as morphology of occurred fracture. During the study, the mechanical properties were tested and a tendency to brittle fracture was analysed. The studies show big differences of the analysed parameters depending on the applied heat treatment, which should provide guidance to users to specific applications of this type of steel.