Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using recombinant human epidermal growth factor for the successful treatment of an excisional wound without a primary closure.

A 75-year-old man presented with a solitary firm nodule on the antihelix of the left auricle (Figure 1). The central surface of the nodule was covered with crusts, and its size was 1.5 · 1.3 cm. It was asymptomatic and had abruptly grown within 1 month due to a minor abrasion from scratching. The lesion did not have a history of surface bleeding. We excised the entire lesion, and histologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of keratoacanthoma. After the excision, we did not perform a primary closure of the wound. The base of the wound was not sufficiently deep, and the location was on the external ear. Both of these factors would have likely resulted in an ear deformity if we had sutured the excisional wound. Instead, we applied topically recombinant human EGF (Easyef, 50 mg/100 mL, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea) to promote wound healing without a primary closure. The topical recombinant human EGF was applied to the wound and covered with a nonadherent silicone dressing (Mepitel, Mölnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden) for wound protection every 2 days after wound dressing. After 2 weeks, full epithelialization of the wound without scarring was noted. At 6 months of follow-up, the treatment site was well maintained, and there was no tumor recurrence (Figure 2).
Myeloid IKK b Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Modulating CCL11 and the Innate Immune Response

Myeloid cells are capable of promoting or eradicating tumor cells and the nodal functions that contribute to their different roles are still obscure. Here, we show that mice with myeloid-speci ﬁ c genetic loss of the NF-k B pathway regulatory kinase IKK b exhibit more rapid growth of cutaneous and lung melanoma tumors. In a BRAF V600E/PTEN (cid:1) / (cid:1) allograft model, IKK b loss in macrophages reduced recruitment of myeloid cells into the tumor, lowered expression of MHC class II molecules, and enhanced production of the chemokine CCL11, thereby negatively regulating dendritic-cell maturation. Elevated serum and tissue levels of CCL11 mediated suppression of dendritic-cell differentiation/maturation within the tumor microenvironment, skewing it toward a Th2 immune response and impairing CD8 þ T cell – mediated tumor cell lysis. Depleting macrophages or CD8 þ T cells in mice with wild-type IKK b myeloid cells enhanced tumor growth, where the myeloid cell response was used to mediate antitumor immunity against melanoma tumors (with less dependency on a CD8 þ T-cell response). In contrast, myeloid cells de ﬁ cient in IKK b were compromised in tumor cell lysis, based on their reduced ability to phagocytize and digest tumor cells. Thus, mice with continuous IKK b signaling in myeloid-lineage cells (IKK b CA ) exhibited enhanced antitumor immunity and reduced melanoma outgrowth. Collectively, our results illuminate new mechanisms through which NF- k B signaling in myeloid cells promotes innate tumor surveillance. Cancer Res; 74(24); 1 – 11. (cid:2) 2014 AACR.
Isolation and development of chlorosomes in the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to study further the changes in chlorosome structure during the development of the photosynthetic apparatus in Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl. During development, in response to decreased light intensity or lower oxygen tension, the number of chlorosomes per cell increased. The same conditions also led to a general thickening of chlorosomes but did not affect their length or width. The thickening of the chlorosomes paralleled increases in the bacteriochlorophyll c/bacteriochlorophyll a ratio. Semiaerobic induction of the photosynthetic apparatus did not produce a synchronous assembly of chlorosomes in all cells of a given culture. Even adjacent cells of a single filament showed great variations in the rate and extent of response. Parallel appearance of (i) approximately 5-nm particles (in a lattice configuration) in the membrane attachment site, (ii) the crystalline baseplate material (with a periodicity of approximately 6 nm) adjacent to the membrane attachment site, and (iii) the chlorosome envelope layer preceded addition of longitudinally oriented, rodlike elements (diameter, congruent to 6 m) to the chlorosome core. It is estimated that each chlorosome can funnel energy into approximately 100 reaction centers. Chlorosomes could be isolated by a simple density gradient procedure only from cells grown at low light intensity. A bacteriochlorophyll a species absorbing at 790 nm was associated with isolated chlorosomes. Lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of chlorosomes showed only a few low-molecular-weight polypeptides (less than 15,000).
Our fans in the north: the demand for British Rugby League

This paper reports the results of estimating a single equation model of an attendance function for British Rugby League over the seasons 1982/83 to 1990/91. The data are panel data covering virtually every team which played in the two division league over the nine year time period. Diagnostic tests indicate that the appropriate model is a semilog random effects model, where the dependent variable is league attendance weighted by population. The major results are as follows: there are significant positive relationships between league attendance and various measures of team success (although the direction of causality is moot), team quality (as proxied by the two divisions) and the economic quality of team location (as proxied by the unemployment rate); but there is no discernible relationship between league attendance and either success in nonleague trophy competitions or measures of exceptional player quality.
The Market Transformation of the System of Education in Russia

L'article analyse la transformation du marche de l'education en Russie depuis le debut des annees 90. Cette evolution confirme l'eclosion d'institutions privees et le developpement en masse des droits de scolarite necessaires au bon fonctionnement de ces ecoles. Les dysfonctionnements de ce systeme sont etudies et quelques pistes qui pourraient amener a resoudre certains problemes sont evoquees.
Why it won't happen to me: perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility.

Four studies were conducted with college student subjects to examine: (1) perceptions of susceptibility to health and safety risks; (2) factors that subjects see as important in determining their susceptibility; and (3) subjects' actual standing on objective risk factors. Subjects were generally unbiased about hereditary risk factors and were even somewhat pessimistic about environmental risk factors. Their views of their own actions and psychological attributes, however, were excessively optimistic. Few acknowledged actions or psychological attributes that increased their risk. This pattern of findings helps to explain why risks thought to be controllable (i.e., preventable by personal action) are likely to evoke unrealistic optimism about susceptibility. Family histories of health problems were incorporated into judgments of susceptibility, but, except for smoking, correlations between behavioral risk factors and judgments of susceptibility were surprisingly weak. Self-esteem enhancement is suggested as a motive that could explain many of the present findings. Several recommendations are offered for health campaigns that seek to produce more realistic perceptions of susceptibility to health and safety problems.
Is Neocortical–Hippocampal Connectivity a Better Predictor of Subsequent Recollection than Local Increases in Hippocampal Activity? New Insights on the Role of Priming

During memory encoding, increased hippocampal activity—thought to reflect the binding of different types of information into unique episodes—has been shown to correlate with subsequent recollection of those episodes. Repetition priming—thought to induce more efficient perceptual processing of stimuli—is normally associated with decreased neocortical activity and is often assumed to reduce encoding into episodic memory. Here, we used fMRI to compare activity to primed and unprimed auditory words in the presence of distracting sounds as a function of whether participants subsequently recollected the word–sound associations or only had a feeling of familiarity with the word in a subsequent surprise recognition task. At the behavioral level, priming increased the incidence of subsequent recollection. At the neuronal level, priming reduced activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) but also reversed the traditional increase in encoding-related hippocampal activity associated with subsequent recollection relative to subsequent familiarity. To explain this interaction pattern, further analyses using dynamic causal modeling showed an increase in connectivity from left STG to left hippocampus specific to words that were later recollected. These findings show that successful episodic encoding is not determined solely by local hippocampal activity and emphasize instead the importance of increased functional neocortical–hippocampal coupling. Such coupling might be a better predictor of subsequent recollection than the direction of local hippocampal changes per se. We propose that one consequence of priming is to “free up” attentional resources from processing an item in a noisy context, thereby allowing greater attention to encoding of that context.
Oral epithelial atypical changes in apparently healthy oral mucosa exposed to smoking, alcohol, peppers and hot meals, using the AgNOR and Papanicolaou staining techniques

To evaluate cytological atypical changes in apparently healthy oral mucosa exposed to smoking, alcohol, hot meals, and peppers using the AgNOR and Papanicolaou methods. A total of 180 individuals were evaluated, of which 60 were smokers, 34 were alcohol users, 52 were habitual peppers and hot meal (exposed) consumers, 24 were non‐exposed, and 10 were patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), as an internal control. Cytological materials were obtained by brushing of buccal mucosa, on the border of the tongue and on the floor of the mouth, and participants underwent the Papanicolaou test for cytological changes and AgNOR staining for evaluation of the mean number of AgNOR dots per nucleus. SPSS program was used to perform the Pearson chi‐square test. The 95% confidence level, Odds Ratio (OR), and the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were used.
Antimicrobial Activity of Terminalia catappa, Manilkara zapota and Piper betel Leaf Extract

Aqueous and methanol extract of the leaves of Terminalia catappa L. , Manilkara zapota L. and Piper betel L. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against 10 Gram positive, 12 Gram negative bacteria and one fungal strain, Candida tropicalis. Piperacillin and gentamicin were used as standards for antibacterial assay, while fluconazole was used as standard for antifungal assay. The three plants showed different degree of activity against the microorganisms investigated. The methanolic extract was considerably more effective than aqueous extract in inhibiting the investigated microbial strains. The most active antimicrobial plant was Piper betel.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER-ROLE STEREOTYPING ON THE CAREER ASPIRATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN OF HIGH INTELLECTUAL ABILITY

Although the movement of women into the Canadian labor force has been increasing steadily over the past three decades',' the number of wejtfehsoccupying positions "ofpowe^prest ige and leadership within their fields remains low in comparison to that of '"men. In theoQv^j^ally all careers and all levels within those careers should be available to both males and feru les , but this availability is not always perceived td.be real. The -V _ , . desire to reveal why this is so provides the impetus fortftis-study. V / Career patterns are influenced by a variety of forces, one of which is gender-role stereoty^ggK A greater understanding of the role these stereotypes play in career aspirations is the goal of this study. One hundred male and female pre-adolescent students of high, and i average intellectual ability were surveyed by meansof a questionnaire to determine the effect of gender-role'stereotypes on their career aspirations and expectations. Correlations, analyses of variance, and qualitative data provided the statisu'eal and descriptive • information for interpretation. \ The principal'finding of this study was that the influence of gender-role stereotypes on pre-adolescent children was confirmed, even across ability groups. Stereotypical attitudes we're unrelated to intellectual ability, as both highf and average ability groups conformed to traditional attitudes exhibited toward the sexes. However, there did seem to be a trend towards a more androgynous attitude among the females than among the males, particularly the high achieving males. High ability malcs'showed a trend towards exaggerated stereotyical attitudes in comparison to the other subject groups. Furthermore,
Mountain landscapes offer few opportunities for high‐elevation tree species migration

Climate change is anticipated to alter plant species distributions. Regional context, notably the spatial complexity of climatic gradients, may influence species migration potential. While high‐elevation species may benefit from steep climate gradients in mountain regions, their persistence may be threatened by limited suitable habitat as land area decreases with elevation. To untangle these apparently contradictory predictions for mountainous regions, we evaluated the climatic suitability of four coniferous forest tree species of the western United States based on species distribution modeling (SDM) and examined changes in climatically suitable areas under predicted climate change. We used forest structural information relating to tree species dominance, productivity, and demography from an extensive forest inventory system to assess the strength of inferences made with a SDM approach. We found that tree species dominance, productivity, and recruitment were highest where climatic suitability (i.e., probability of species occurrence under certain climate conditions) was high, supporting the use of predicted climatic suitability in examining species risk to climate change. By predicting changes in climatic suitability over the next century, we found that climatic suitability will likely decline, both in areas currently occupied by each tree species and in nearby unoccupied areas to which species might migrate in the future. These trends were most dramatic for high elevation species. Climatic changes predicted over the next century will dramatically reduce climatically suitable areas for high‐elevation tree species while a lower elevation species, Pinus ponderosa, will be well positioned to shift upslope across the region. Reductions in suitable area for high‐elevation species imply that even unlimited migration would be insufficient to offset predicted habitat loss, underscoring the vulnerability of these high‐elevation species to climatic changes.
Beliefs and attitudes about opioid prescribing and chronic pain management: survey of primary care providers.

OBJECTIVE There is growing concern of medication misuse and noncompliance among patients with chronic pain prescribed opioids for pain. The aim of this survey was to obtain information from primary care providers (PCPs) about their perception of prescribing opioids for patients with chronic pain. METHODS PCPs were invited to complete a packet of questionnaires about attitudes and concerns about opioids for chronic pain. These questionnaires included 1) General Health Questionnaire, 2) Test of Opioid Knowledge (TOK), 3) Opioid Therapy Provider Survey, and 4) Concerns About Analgesic Prescription Questionnaire. RESULTS Fifty-six (N = 56) PCPs from eight centers participated in this study. In general, the PCPs showed adequate opioid knowledge on the KOT and their general health was unrelated to prescription attitudes. Most expressed concern about medication misuse (89 percent) and felt that managing patients with chronic pain was stressful (84 percent). Most were worried about addiction (82 percent) and less than half felt that they were sufficiently trained in prescribing opioids (46 percent). Younger providers felt more reluctant to prescribe opioids, experienced more stress in managing patients with pain, had less overall confidence in managing patients with pain, and worried more about opioid dependence than older providers (p < 0.05). Younger providers were also less knowledgeable about opioids, but opioid knowledge was not found to be related to concerns about analgesic prescriptions. CONCLUSION This study indicates a general concern and reluctance of primary care physicians to manage the prescribing of opioids among their patients with chronic pain and younger providers expressed more concern about opioids than older providers.
Deletion of the S3–S4 Linker in theShaker Potassium Channel Reveals Two Quenching Groups near the outside of S4

When attached outside the voltage-sensing S4 segment of the Shaker potassium channel, the fluorescent probe tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) undergoes voltage-dependent fluorescence changes (ΔF) due to differential interaction with a pH-titratable external protein-lined vestibule (Cha, A., and F. Bezanilla. 1998. J. Gen. Physiol. 112:391–408.). We attached TMRM at the same sites [corresponding to M356C and A359C in the wild-type (wt) channel] in a deletion mutant of Shaker where all but the five amino acids closest to S4 had been removed from the S3–S4 linker. In the deletion mutant, the maximal ΔF/F seen was diminished 10-fold, and the ΔF at M356C became pH independent, suggesting that the protein-lined vestibule is made up in large part by the S3–S4 linker. The residual ΔF showed that the probe still interacted with two putative quenching groups near the S4 segment. One group was detected by M356C-TMRM (located outside of S3 in the deletion mutant) and reported on deactivation gating charge movement when applying hyperpolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential of 0 mV. During activating voltage steps from a holding potential of −90 mV, the fluorescence lagged considerably behind the movement of gating charge over a range of potentials. Another putative quenching group was seen by probes attached closer to the S4 and caused a ΔF at extreme hyperpolarizations (more negative than −90 mV) only. A signal from the interaction with this group in the wt S3–S4 linker channel (at L361C) correlated with gating charge moving in the hyperpolarized part of the Q-V curve. Probe attached at A359C in the deletion mutant and at L361C in wt channel showed a biphasic ΔF as the probe oscillated between the two groups, revealing that there is a transient state of the voltage sensor in between, where the probe has maximal fluorescence. We conclude that the voltage sensor undergoes two distinct conformational changes as seen from probes attached outside the S4 segment.
Location prediction attacks using tensor factorization and optimal defenses

Recent studies have proposed various attacks against location privacy using a Markov Chain transition matrix trained for each user. However, when a user has disclosed only a small amount of location information in the past, the training data can be extremely sparse. In this paper, we show how the attacker can solve this sparse data problem, and how the defender can defend against this type of attack. Our proposal is twofold: 1) We propose a training method that regards a set of transition matrices as a “tensor”, and adopt tensor factorization to robustly estimate transition matrices from a small amount of training data. 2) We then focus on a location prediction attack, which predicts a location of a target user from a past location that he/she disclosed, and propose a region merging method to minimize the region size as an optimal defense. The experimental results using the dataset of taxi traces show the effectiveness of our proposals. We also point out that our region merging method is effective especially when the defender has Big Data to train transition matrices.
Environmental stress enhances biosynthesis of flavor precursors, S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-L-cysteine, in grapevine through glutathione S-transferase activation

The biosynthesis of S-(3-hexan-1-ol)-glutathione (3MH-S-glut) and S-(3-hexan-l-ol)-L-cysteine (3MH-S-cys), which act as flavour precursors in wines, in Vitis vinifera grapes exposed to various environmental stress conditions is reported here. Ultraviolet (UV-C) irradiation, water deficit, and biological stimulation up-regulated 3MH-S-glut and 3MH-S-cys biosynthesis in grape leaves. 3MH-S-glut and 3MH-S-cys contents in grape berries were increased by cold shock, heat shock, UV-C irradiation, and biological stimulation. The results suggest that environmental stress enhances the biosynthesis of both flavour precursors in grapevine. The transcription of VvGST1, VvGST3, VvGST4, and GGT in grapevine exposed to the stress conditions was increased markedly compared with that in control grapevine. Also, UV irradiation increased GST (glutathione S-transferase) and GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase) enzyme activities in grape berries. Recombinant VvGST3 and VvGST4, but not VvGST1, mediated the synthesis of 3MH-S-glut from reduced glutathione and trans-2-hexenal in vitro. The enzymatic mediation of flavour precursor production is a novel function of plant GSTs and may result in the detoxification of damaged grape cells under stress conditions.
Practical parallel imaging compressed sensing MRI: Summary of two years of experience in accelerating body MRI of pediatric patients

For the last two years1, we have been experimenting with applying compressed sensing parallel imaging for body imaging of pediatric patients. It is a joint-effort by teams from UC Berkeley, Stanford University and GE Healthcare. This paper aims to summarize our experience so far. We describe our acquisition approach: 3D spoiled-gradient-echo with poisson-disc random undersampling of the phase encodes. Our reconstruction approach: ℓ1-SPIRiT, an iterative autocalibrating parallel imaging reconstruction that enforces both data consistency and joint-sparsity in the wavelet domain. Our implementation: an on-line parallelized implementation of ℓ1-SPIRiT on multi-core CPU and General Purpose Graphics Processors (GPGPU) that achieves sub-minute 3D reconstructions with 8-channels. Clinical results showing higher quality reconstruction and better diagnostic confidence than parallel imaging alone at accelerations on the order of number of coils.
The Ecological Dynamics of Clade Diversification and Community Assembly

Clades diversify in an ecological context, but most macroevolutionary models do not directly encapsulate ecological mechanisms that influence speciation and extinction. A data set of 245 chordate, arthropod, mollusk, and magnoliophyte phylogenies had a majority of clades that showed rapid lineage accumulation early with a slowing more recently, whereas a small but significant minority showed accelerated lineage accumulation in their recent histories. Previous analyses have demonstrated that macroevolutionary birth‐death models can replicate the pattern of slowing lineage accumulation only by a strong decrease in speciation rate with increasing species richness and extinction rate held extremely low or absent. In contrast, the metacommunity model presented here could generate the full range of patterns seen in the real phylogenies by simply manipulating the degree of ecological differentiation of new species at the time of speciation. Specifically, the metacommunity model predicts that clades showing decelerating lineage accumulation rates are those that have diversified by ecological modes of speciation, whereas clades showing accelerating lineage accumulation rates are those that have diversified primarily by modes of speciation that generate little or no ecological diversification. A number of testable predictions that integrate data from molecular systematics, community ecology, and biogeography are also discussed.