Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of Correlated Binary Fingerprints for Content Identification

Multimedia identification via content fingerprints is used in many applications, such as content filtering on user-generated content websites, and automatic multimedia identification and tagging. A compact “fingerprint” is computed for each multimedia signal that captures robust and unique properties of the perceptual content, which is later used for identifying the multimedia. Several different multimedia fingerprinting schemes have been proposed in the literature and have been evaluated through experiments. To complement these experimental evaluations and provide guidelines for choosing system parameters and designing better schemes, this paper develops models for content fingerprinting and provides an analysis of the identification performance under these models. As a first step, bounds on the identification accuracy and the required fingerprint length for the simplest case when the fingerprint bits are modeled as i.i. d. are summarized. Markov Random Fields are then used to address more realistic settings of fingerprints with correlated components. The optimal likelihood ratio detector is derived and a statistical physics inspired approach for computing the probability of detection and probability of false alarm is described. The analysis shows that the commonly used Hamming distance detection criterion is susceptible to correlations among fingerprint bits, whereas the optimal log-likelihood ratio decision rule yields 5-20% improvement in the accuracy over a range of correlations. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the theoretical predictions.
Inter- and Intra-Organizational Knowledge Transfer: A Meta-Analytic Review and Assessment of its Antecedents and Consequences

Research on organizational knowledge transfer is burgeoning, and yet our understanding of its antecedents and consequences remains rather unclear. Although conceptual and qualitative reviews of the organizational knowledge transfer literature have emerged, no study has attempted to summarize previous quantitative empirical findings. As a first step towards that goal, we use meta-analytic techniques to examine how knowledge, organization and network level antecedents differentially impact organizational knowledge transfer. Additionally, we consolidate research on the relationship between knowledge transfer and its consequences. We also demonstrate how the intra- and inter-organizational context, the directionality of knowledge transfers, and measurement characteristics moderate the relationships studied. By aggregating and consolidating existing research, our study not only reveals new insights into the levers and outcomes of organizational knowledge transfer, but also provides meaningful directions for future research.
Top Leads for Swine Influenza A/H1N1 Virus Revealed by Steered Molecular Dynamics Approach

Since March 2009, the rapid spread of infection during the recent A/H1N1 swine flu pandemic has raised concerns of a far more dangerous outcome should this virus become resistant to current drug therapies. Currently oseltamivir (tamiflu) is intensively used for the treatment of influenza and is reported effective for 2009 A/H1N1 virus. However, as this virus is evolving fast, some drug-resistant strains are emerging. Therefore, it is critical to seek alternative treatments and identify roots of the drug resistance. In this paper, we use the steered molecular dynamics (SMD) approach to estimate the binding affinity of ligands to the glycoprotein neuraminidase. Our idea is based on the hypothesis that the larger is the force needed to unbind a ligand from a receptor the higher its binding affinity. Using all-atom models with Gromos force field 43a1 and explicit water, we have studied the binding ability of 32 ligands to glycoprotein neuraminidase from swine flu virus A/H1N1. The electrostatic interaction is shown to play a more important role in binding affinity than the van der Waals one. We have found that four ligands 141562, 5069, 46080, and 117079 from the NSC set are the most promising candidates to cope with this virus, while peramivir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir are ranked 8, 11, and 20. The observation that these four ligands are better than existing commercial drugs has been also confirmed by our results on the binding free energies obtained by the molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method. Our prediction may be useful for the therapeutic application.
° 733 “ Dynastic Accumulation of Wealth ”

Why do some dynasties maintain the fortune of their founders while others completely squander it in few generations? To address this question, we use a simple deterministic microfounded model based on two main elements: the “hunger for accumulation” and the “willingness to exert effort”. Contrary to models with capital market imperfections, our setting points to the crucial role of our two key ingredients, rather than of initial wealth or transitory shocks to wealth or inflation, on the long-run process of wealth accumulation within a family lineage. In addition, in a context with heterogeneous dynasties, we show that our model can provide a novel interpretation for some macroeconomics issues such as the demise of the rich bourgeoisie, class structure, social mobility, and wealthy inequalities. For example it predicts that those who take the effort to innovate and take advantage of new profitable opportunities are agents who are neither too poor nor too rich. Obviously, this simple framework is a great starting point for further empirical analysis.
Copying nodes versus editing links: the source of the difference between genetic regulatory networks and the WWW

UNLABELLED We study two kinds of networks: genetic regulatory networks and the World Wide Web. We systematically test microscopic mechanisms to find the set of such mechanisms that optimally explain each networks' specific properties. In the first case we formulate a model including mainly random unbiased gene duplications and mutations. In the second case, the basic moves are website generation and rapid surf-induced link creation (/destruction). The different types of mechanisms reproduce the appropriate observed network properties. We use those to show that different kinds of networks have strongly system-dependent macroscopic experimental features. The diverging properties result from dissimilar node and link basic dynamics. The main non-uniform properties include the clustering coefficient, small-scale motifs frequency, time correlations, centrality and the connectivity of outgoing links. Some other features are generic such as the large-scale connectivity distribution of incoming links (scale-free) and the network diameter (small-worlds). The common properties are just the general hallmark of autocatalysis (self-enhancing processes), while the specific properties hinge on the specific elementary mechanisms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online.
Interactive Visualization and Manipulation of Attention-based Neural Machine Translation

While neural machine translation (NMT) provides high-quality translation, it is still hard to interpret and analyze its behavior. We present an interactive interface for visualizing and intervening behavior of NMT, specifically concentrating on the behavior of beam search mechanism and attention component. The tool (1) visualizes search tree and attention and (2) provides interface to adjust search tree and attention weight (manually or automatically) at real-time. We show the tool gives various methods to understand NMT.
GMO regulation and civic participation at the “edge of the world”: the case of Australia and New Zealand

Civic participation in decision-making about the regulation of genetically modified organisms has become increasingly important in both Australia and New Zealand. This paper explores the somewhat uneven emergence of public participation in discussion and decision-making about GMOs in these different, but closely related contexts. Accounts of public engagement with decision-making about the regulation of GMOs are juxtaposed with critical reflections on what might appear to be opportunities for citizens to exert control over the development and use of genetic science. In this respect, the paper contributes to what Alan Irwin (2006, p. 300) has referred to as “an analytically sceptical (but not dismissive) perspective on the ‘new’ mode of scientific governance”. The paper concludes with some critical reflections on the development of enhanced democratic decision-making with respect to new biotechnologies, particularly GMOs.
Role of nitric oxide in modulating systemic pressor responses to different vasoconstrictors in man

Objective Animal studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) attenuates responses to endogenous vasoconstrictors. We investigated whether this also holds true in man by monitoring pressor responses to different vasoconstrictors during nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Methods Systemic hemodynamic responses to intravenous infusions of three doses (each for 5 min) of angiotensin II (AngII) (2, 4 and 8 ng/kg per min), noradrenaline (NOR) (10, 30 and 70 ng/kg per min) and phenylephrine (PE) (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μg/kg per min) were monitored in 44 healthy subjects during saline. A second dose–response curve was obtained during NOS inhibition with a subpressor dose of NG- nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) (5 μg/kg per min) or during a systemic NO clamp using combined systemic infusions of L-NAME (12.5 μg/kg per min) and nitroprusside. Blood pressure was measured in the brachial artery and other hemodynamic parameters were derived from this signal. Results Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased 2 ± 2, 6 ± 1 and 16 ± 2 mmHg in response to AngII during saline, 7 ± 6, 15 ± 5 and 26 ± 6 mmHg during the subpressor dose of L-NAME (P < 0.05) and 11 ± 10, 18 ± 7 and 25 ± 6 mmHg during the systemic NO clamp (P < 0.001). These augmented responses of MAP were due to enhanced increments in systemic vascular resistance. Infusions of NOR and PE during saline resulted in dose-dependent increments in MAP and systemic vascular resistance. These increments were of comparable magnitude as those seen during AngII, but were not affected by NOS inhibition. Conclusion Our findings show that the systemic pressor response evoked by AngII, but not by NOR or PE, is enhanced during NOS inhibition, suggesting that AngII is associated with increased NO release that counteracts its blood pressure rising effect.
#Emotional Tweets

Detecting emotions in microblogs and social media posts has applications for industry, health, and security. However, there exists no microblog corpus with instances labeled for emotions for developing supervised systems. In this paper, we describe how we created such a corpus from Twitter posts using emotion-word hashtags. We conduct experiments to show that the self-labeled hashtag annotations are consistent and match with the annotations of trained judges. We also show how the Twitter emotion corpus can be used to improve emotion classification accuracy in a different domain. Finally, we extract a word-emotion association lexicon from this Twitter corpus, and show that it leads to significantly better results than the manually crafted WordNet Affect lexicon in an emotion classification task.
Low cost, high performance, and high reliability 2.5D silicon interposer

This paper presents the first demonstration of polycrystalline silicon interposers with fine pitch through package vias (TPV), with less than 5μm RDL lithography at 50μm pitch copper microbump assembly. Silicon interposers with through silicon vias (TSV) and back end of line (BEOL) wiring offer compelling benefits for 2.5D and 3D system integration; however, they are limited by high cost and high electrical loss. The polycrystalline Si interposer with 100-200μm thick raw Si, obtained without any back-grind or polish, and double side processing, without the use of carriers, has the potential to reduce the cost of wafer-based Si interposers by 2× and up to 10× by scaling to large panels. Thick polymer liner reduces the electrical loss of TPVs dramatically, by an order of magnitude compared to TSVs with SiO2 liner. Initial reliability of TPVs at 150μm and 200μm pitch was demonstrated with daisy chains passing 1000 thermal cycles from -55°C to 125°C. The paper concludes with Cu-SnAg microbump assembly at 50μm pitch onto panel Si interposers with Cu-polymer RDL routing at 4-5μm line lithography.
Assessing the Extent of Crime Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits: A Review of Situational Crime Prevention Evaluations *

Few criticisms of situational crime-prevention (SCP) efforts are as frequent or prevalent as claims of displacement. Despite emerging evidence to the contrary, the prevailing sentiment seems to be that crime displacement is inevitable. This study examined 102 evaluations of situationally focused crime-prevention projects in an effort to determine the extent to which crime displacement was observed. The results indicate that of the 102 studies that examined (or allowed for examination of) displacement and diffusion effects, there were 574 observations. Displacement was observed in 26 percent of those observations. The opposite of displacement, diffusion of benefit, was observed in 27 percent of the observations. Moreover, the analysis of 13 studies, which allowed for assessment of overall outcomes of the prevention project while taking into account spatial displacement and diffusion effects, revealed that when spatial displacement did occur, it tended to be less than the treatment effect, suggesting that the intervention was still beneficial. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Multiplex PCR: use of heat-stable Thermus thermophilus RecA protein to minimize non-specific PCR products

In this paper we report that the inclusion of heat-resistant RecA protein from a thermophilic bacteria, Thermus thermophilus, and its cofactor (ATP) in PCR effectively eliminates non-specific PCR products. The effect of RecA protein, which catalyzes pairing between homologous DNA molecules with great fidelity in genetic recombination, is due to its promotion of precise priming in PCR (i.e. priming at sites where the primer sequence is completely complementary to that of the target sequence). In addition, the RecA protein substantially reduces the primer concentration required for PCR. These experimental results have led to the realization of multiplex PCR, which involves PCR for multiple sites in the same reaction mixture. We were able to successfully perform multiplex PCR with over a dozen reactions without affecting the amplification pattern of the PCR products.
STFCN: Spatio-Temporal FCN for Semantic Video Segmentation

This paper presents a novel method to involve both spatial and temporal features for semantic video segmentation. Current work on convolutional neural networks(CNNs) has shown that CNNs provide advanced spatial features supporting a very good performance of solutions for both image and video analysis, especially for the semantic segmentation task. We investigate how involving temporal features also has a good effect on segmenting video data. We propose a module based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture of a recurrent neural network for interpreting the temporal characteristics of video frames over time. Our system takes as input frames of a video and produces a correspondingly-sized output; for segmenting the video our method combines the use of three components: First, the regional spatial features of frames are extracted using a CNN; then, using LSTM the temporal features are added; finally, by deconvolving the spatio-temporal features we produce pixel-wise predictions. Our key insight is to build spatio-temporal convolutional networks (spatio-temporal CNNs) that have an end-to-end architecture for semantic video segmentation. We adapted fully some known convolutional network architectures (such as FCN-AlexNet and FCN-VGG16), and dilated convolution into our spatio-temporal CNNs. Our spatio-temporal CNNs achieve state-of-the-art semantic segmentation, as demonstrated for the Camvid and NYUDv2 datasets.
EglN2 associates with the NRF1‐PGC1α complex and controls mitochondrial function in breast cancer

The EglN2/PHD1 prolyl hydroxylase is an important oxygen sensor contributing to breast tumorigenesis. Emerging studies suggest that there is functional cross talk between oxygen sensing and mitochondrial function, both of which play an essential role for sustained tumor growth. However, the potential link between EglN2 and mitochondrial function remains largely undefined. Here, we show that EglN2 depletion decreases mitochondrial respiration in breast cancer under normoxia and hypoxia, which correlates with decreased mitochondrial DNA in a HIF1/2α‐independent manner. Integrative analyses of gene expression profile and genomewide binding of EglN2 under hypoxic conditions reveal nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) motif enrichment in EglN2‐activated genes, suggesting NRF1 as an EglN2 binding partner. Mechanistically, by forming an activator complex with PGC1α and NRF1 on chromatin, EglN2 promotes the transcription of ferridoxin reductase (FDXR) and maintains mitochondrial function. In addition, FDXR, as one of effectors for EglN2, contributes to breast tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that EglN2 regulates mitochondrial function in ERα‐positive breast cancer.
Assessing the effects of misinformation on children's recall: how and when makes a difference

In two experiments children aged between 4 and 5 years and 7 and 8 years, respectively, participated in a real-life event and were exposed to misleading questions immediately afterwards. The effects of variables relating to both the presentation of the misinformation and to the assessment of suggestibility were examined both immediately and following delays of 1 week (Experiment 1) or both 1 week and 1 month (Experiment 2). Older children were less suggestible than younger. Children were less suggestible when suggestibility was assessed in recall questions rather than misleading questions, less suggestible when information was central rather than peripheral and when the misinformation contradicted rather than supplemented the original event, and less suggestible over time in the absence of further suggestions. Providing cues had a small effect in enhancing resistance to the misinformation, but only when children were tested immediately. Embedding suggestions in a narrative context and repeating suggestions within a session led to greater suggestibility for both age groups, and repeating suggestions following a 1-month delay had a particularly marked effect for the younger children. These findings are consistent with the view that suggestibility effects depend on the strength of the memory trace for the original information as well as that for the suggestion. How suggestibility is assessed is, however, also important and children's responses to misleading questions may not reflect their memory for the original event. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescent single-walled carbon nanotube-sensitized europium nanoprobes for cellular imaging

Lanthanoid-based optical probes with excitation wavelengths in the ultra-violet (UV) range (300–325 nm) have been widely developed as imaging probes. Efficient cellular imaging requires that lanthanoid optical probes be excited at visible wavelengths, to avoid UV damage to cells. The efficacy of europium-catalyzed single-walled carbon nanotubes (Eu-SWCNTs), as visible nanoprobes for cellular imaging, is reported in this study. Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3 and MCF-7) and normal cells (NIH 3T3), treated with Eu-SWCNT at 0.2 μg/mL concentration, showed bright red luminescence after excitation at 365 nm and 458 nm wavelengths. Cell viability analysis showed no cytotoxic effects after the incubation of cells with Eu-SWCNTs at this concentration. Eu-SWCNT uptake is via the endocytosis mechanism. Labeling efficiency, defined as the percentage of incubated cells that uptake Eu-SWCNT, was 95%–100% for all cell types. The average cellular uptake concentration was 6.68 ng Eu per cell. Intracellular localization was further corroborated by transmission electron microscopy and Raman microscopy. The results indicate that Eu-SWCNT shows potential as a novel cellular imaging probe, wherein SWCNT sensitizes Eu3+ ions to allow excitation at visible wavelengths, and stable time-resolved red emission. The ability to functionalize biomolecules on the exterior surface of Eu-SWCNT makes it an excellent candidate for targeted cellular imaging.
The host of disease

Abstract This paper emphasizes the need of knowing the frame of orientation in which the interaction between the host and the disease takes place. It is not the same to regard falling ill as a result of moral transgression, as a divine punishment, or as a simple cause-effect process—these frames implying the passive impotence of the host—as to conceive disease as another of those inevitable contingencies of life such as pain, ageing and death that can be lived as testing our mettle. Experience of patients with organic diseases in hospitals, as well as examples taken from medical reviews, emphasize the important contributing role of helplessness and powerlessness as well as of tedium, indifference and rage, rage which usually covers up fear.
Human agency and social suffering

In this paper the authors are primarily exploring the notion of social suffering within a psychosocial paradigm. A brief outline of Bourdieu's concept of social suffering, and a similarly concise explication of the psychosocial subject as contemporarily theorized are given. The central section of the paper looks at some understandings of social suffering that are experienced internally as well as within structural inequalities and power relations. The concept of hurt is considered, offering the internalized injuries of class as an example. Loss is then examined in relation to the severing of, for example, communities and the losses of social recognition and internal esteem. The complex concept of double suffering, in which hurt accrues more hurt and is re-experienced, is then discussed. The welfare subject of contemporary policy and practice is, finally, briefly revisited.
Peer Perceptions of Counselor Effectiveness: A Multiple Regression Approach

The present study investigates the relationship between the personal preferences of beginning counselor education students and the sociometric choices of their peers. Fifty-four subjects, who were enrolled in the entry-level guidance seminar at the University of Akron between March and December 1971 were administered the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). At the end of the seminars the students were asked to respond to a sociometric technique. The data from the EPPS (predictor variables) and from the sociometric technique (criterion) was then subjected to multiple regression analysis, which revealed that students with higher sociometric ratings demonstrated greater manifest needs for dominance, change, succorance, order, nurturance, and achievement than did those with lower sociometric ratings.