Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child Care Teachers' Perspectives on Including Children With Challenging Behavior in Child Care Settings

In this study, 9 teachers from 5 child care centers were interviewed to examine their perceptions on including children with challenging behavior in their classrooms. The findings provide a firsthand view into how child care teachers support children's social and emotional development and address challenging behavior. Results confirm previous research that suggests that challenging behavior is a significant issue for teachers in child care programs. Participating teachers discussed numerous strategies that they used to address challenging behavior; however, few strategies were implemented in an intentional and/or individualized manner. These findings highlight the need for increased professional development for child care teachers to support young children's social and emotional development and effectively prevent and address children's challenging behavior.
A multivariable risk factor analysis of the portoenterostomy (Kasai) procedure for biliary atresia: twenty-five years of experience from two centers.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated risk factors for failure after portoenterostomy for biliary atresia using univariate and multivariable methods. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Kasai's portoenterostomy has gained worldwide acceptance as the initial surgical therapy for infants with biliary atresia. Although extended survival has been achieved for many patients, factors influencing outcome have not been defined clearly. METHODS The authors analyzed risks for failure in 266 patients treated from 1972 to 1996 by the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimate and Cox proportional hazards model. Failure was defined as death or transplant. RESULTS Age at surgery, surgical decade, and anatomy of atretic bile ducts were identified as independent risk factors. Five-year survival was 49% and median survival was 15 years when bile drainage was achieved. Sixty-five patients had liver transplants. Mean age at transplant was 5.4 years. CONCLUSIONS The outcome after portoenterostomy for biliary atresia is determined by age at surgery and anatomy of the atretic extrahepatic bile ducts. Liver transplant will salvage patients with failed Kasai with 10-year posttransplant survival of 71%.
Olfactory disfunction and its relation olfactory bulb volume in Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE Olfactory dysfunction is the most frequently seen non-motor symptom of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The aim of this study is to analyze selective olfactory dysfunction, and olfactory bulb volume (OBV) in subtypes of IPD, and compare them with those of the healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study included 41 patients with IPD and age and gender matched 19 healthy controls. IPD patients were either tremor dominant (65.9%; TDPD) or non-tremor dominant (34.1%; NTDPD) type. All patients underwent neurological, ear, nose, and throat examinations, and orthonasal olfaction testing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was used to measure the volume of the olfactory bulb. RESULTS A significant decrease in olfactory identification scores was found in the patient group. The patients had difficulty in discriminating between odors of mothballs, chocolate, Turkish coffee and soap. OBV did not differ between the patient, and the control groups. In the TDPD group, odor identification ability was decreased when compared to the control group. However, odor test results of NTDPD, control and TDPD groups were similar. OBV estimates of the TDPD group were not different from those of the control group, while in the NTDPD group OBVs were found to be decreased. In all patients with Parkinson's disease OBV values did not vary with age of the patients, duration of the disease, age at onset of the disease, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores (UPDRS-m). CONCLUSIONS Olfactory function is a complex process involving olfactory, and cortical structures as well. In Idiopathic Parkinson's disease, changes in OBV do not seem to be directly related to olfactory dysfunction.
On Variability and Complexity

A century of research has led to the recognition of multiple levels of technological variability in the Levantine Middle Paleolithic (MP) that cannot be resolved through single-cause explanatory models. Recent ecological models argue for continual occupation of the region and competitive coexistence of Neanderthal and modern human populations. Current paleogenetic studies underline the feasibility of the latter scenario. The Levantine MP offers a perspective on the interface of historical circumstances and long-term evolutionary mechanisms that structured in-tandem trajectories of technological and behavioral changes as well as insights into the dynamics of nondirectional behavioral complexities in the archaeological record.
Dispositional and induced optimism lead to attentional preference for faces displaying positive emotions: An eye-tracker study

The aim of this study was to examine whether dispositional optimism and induced optimism are associated with an attentional bias for positive stimuli. Fifty-six healthy participants performed an eye-tracking task twice, while their gazing time at faces displaying joy, anger, pain, or a neutral expression was measured. Participants scoring high on dispositional optimism tended to gaze longer at joy faces during the first face-presentation trial compared to participants scoring lower on optimism, and this correlation became significant during the second face-presentation trial. In between the two presentations, participants received either an optimism manipulation or a control manipulation. There was no effect of type of manipulation on gazing behavior but post hoc analyses demonstrated that participants showing an increase in state optimism displayed a significant decrease in gaze duration for anger faces and a nearly significant increase in gaze duration for joy faces.
Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney during Winter 2012–13 in Beijing, China following Its Global Emergence

Background Limited information is available on the molecular epidemiology of GII.4 Sydney-associated diarrhea in China in the winter of 2012–13 during the global epidemic associated with the emergence of GII.4 Sydney. Methods Fecal specimens collected from 171 diarrhea outpatients (one from each) between late October 2012 and the middle of March 2013 were examined for NoV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequences corresponding to both the NoV partial polymerase and partial capsid regions were analyzed phylogenetically. Clinical characteristics of GII.4 Sydney cases versus other NoV-positive cases detected in a previous study were compared statistically. Results Twenty-six (15.2%, 26/171) outpatients with diarrhea were infected with NoV. Twenty-two of the 26 (84.6%) identified NoV strains clustered into GII.4 Sydney. There was a significant difference in symptoms of fever (χ2, P<0.05 ), abdominal pain (χ2, P<0.05 ) and diarrhea frequency (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05) between the GII.4 Sydney case group and other NoV-positive case group. Conclusions The new NoV variant, GII.4 Sydney, has been circulating in Beijing, China and became the predominant strain in the winter of 2012–13. GII.4 Sydney causes severe fever, abdominal pain and higher diarrhea frequency clinically compared to other NoV infections.
Effects of Body Mass Index, Family Function and Self Efficacy on Depression of Adolescents

This study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), family function and self efficacy among adolescents who were depression group and non-depression group. The data were collected using questionnaire from the sample of 644 middle and high school students. The data were collected from March 11 to 22, 2013. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means, χ-test, t-test and logistic regression analysis (SPSS 20.0). Firstly, Depression group was 57.5%. Significant differences were found for middle.high grade, sex, health status, parental relationship satisfaction, mother education between depression group and non-depression group. Secondly, Significant differences were found for BMI between depression group and non-depression group. family function and self efficacy level of depression group were lower than non-depression group. Thirdly, the logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, family function (affective responsiveness), self efficacy (achievement self efficacy), middle, high grade, sex, parental relationship satisfaction significantly associated with depression. The result of this study offer basic data for the development of intervention programs to prevent adolescents depression. (Korean J Str Res 2014;22:191∼200)
On the Existence of Certain Optimal Self-Dual Codes with Lengths Between 74 and 116

The existence of optimal binary self-dual codes is a long-standing research problem. In this paper, we present some results concerning the decomposition of binary self-dual codes with a dihedral automorphism group $D_{2p}$, where $p$ is a prime. These results are applied to construct new self-dual codes with length $78$ or $116$. We obtain $16$ inequivalent self-dual $[78,39,14]$ codes, four of which have new weight enumerators. We also show that there are at least $141$ inequivalent self-dual $[116,58,18]$ codes, most of which are new up to equivalence. Meanwhile, we give some restrictions on the weight enumerators of singly even self-dual codes. We use these restrictions to exclude some possible weight enumerators of self-dual codes with lengths $74$, $76$, $82$, $98$ and $100$.
Hierarchies in Inclusion Logic with Lax Semantics

We study the expressive power of fragments of inclusion logic under the so-called lax team semantics. The fragments are defined either by restricting the number of universal quantifiers, the number of inclusion atoms, or the arity of inclusion atoms. We show that the whole expressive power of inclusion logic can be captured using only five inclusion atoms in finite ordered models or, alternatively, only one universal quantifier in general. The arity hierarchy is shown to be strict by relating the question to the study of arity hierarchies in fixed point logics.
Serologic Evidence of Human and Swine Influenza in Mayan Persons

Antibodies against influenza viruses were detected in 115 serum samples from indigenous Mayan persons from Kochol, Yucatán. Seropositivity rates were 26.9% to A/Bayern/7/95, 40.8% to A/Sydney/5/97, 1.7% to A/Swine/Wisconsin/238/97, and 79.1% to A/Swine/Minnesota/593/99. This report is the first in Mexico of the prevalence of antibodies to swine influenza virus in humans.
Are swift gamma-ray bursts consistent with the ghirlanda relation?

A few tight correlations linking several properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), namely the spectral peak energy, the total radiated energy, and the afterglow break time, have been discovered with pre-Swift GRBs. They were used to constrain the cosmological parameters, together with type-Ia supernovae. However, the tightness of these correlations is a challenge to GRB models. We explore the effect of adding Swift bursts to the Ghirlanda and Liang-Zhang relations. Although they are both still valid, they become somewhat weakened mostly due to the presence of significant outliers, which otherwise are apparently normal GRBs so difficult to distinguish. The increased dispersion of the relations makes them less reliable for purposes of precision cosmology.
NCBI Viral Genomes Resource

Recent technological innovations have ignited an explosion in virus genome sequencing that promises to fundamentally alter our understanding of viral biology and profoundly impact public health policy. Yet, any potential benefits from the billowing cloud of next generation sequence data hinge upon well implemented reference resources that facilitate the identification of sequences, aid in the assembly of sequence reads and provide reference annotation sources. The NCBI Viral Genomes Resource is a reference resource designed to bring order to this sequence shockwave and improve usability of viral sequence data. The resource can be accessed at http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/genome/viruses/ and catalogs all publicly available virus genome sequences and curates reference genome sequences. As the number of genome sequences has grown, so too have the difficulties in annotating and maintaining reference sequences. The rapid expansion of the viral sequence universe has forced a recalibration of the data model to better provide extant sequence representation and enhanced reference sequence products to serve the needs of the various viral communities. This, in turn, has placed increased emphasis on leveraging the knowledge of individual scientific communities to identify important viral sequences and develop well annotated reference virus genome sets.
How Do Diversity of Opinion and Information Asymmetry Affect Acquirer Returns

We examine the theoretical predictions that link acquirer returns to diversity of opinion and information asymmetry. Theory suggests that acquirer abnormal returns should be negatively related to information asymmetry and diversity-of-opinion proxies for equity offers but not cash offers. We find that this is the case and that, more strikingly, there is no difference in abnormal returns between cash offers for public firms, equity offers for public firms, and equity offers for private firms after controlling for one of these proxies, idiosyncratic volatility.
The fate of water within Earth and super-Earths and implications for plate tectonics

The Earth is likely to have acquired most of its water during accretion. Internal heat of planetesimals by short-lived radioisotopes would have caused some water loss, but impacts into planetesimals were insufficiently energetic to produce further drying. Water is thought to be critical for the development of plate tectonics, because it lowers viscosities in the asthenosphere, enabling subduction. The following issue persists: if water is necessary for plate tectonics, but subduction itself hydrates the upper mantle, how is the upper mantle initially hydrated? The giant impacts of late accretion created magma lakes and oceans, which degassed during solidification to produce a heavy atmosphere. However, some water would have remained in the mantle, trapped within crystallographic defects in nominally anhydrous minerals. In this paper, we present models demonstrating that processes associated with magma ocean solidification and overturn may segregate sufficient quantities of water within the upper mantle to induce partial melting and produce a damp asthenosphere, thereby facilitating plate tectonics and, in turn, the habitability of Earth-like extrasolar planets. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System’.
Postprandial transcriptome associated with virgin olive oil intake in rat liver

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Material and methods 3.1. Rats 3.2. Study design 3.3. Plasma triglycerides 3.4. Histological analysis 3.5. Hepatic lipid analysis 3.6. RNA isolation, Affymetrix oligonucleotide array hybridization, and data analysis 3.7. Quantification of mRNA 3.8. Statistical analysis 4. Results 4.1. Plasma and hepatic triglycerides 4.2. Gene expression in livers of rats 4 hours after a fat meal 4.3. Gene expression in livers of rats 8 hours after a fat meal 5. Discussion 6. Acknowledgments 7. References
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Stress, Anxiety and Depression among House Officers in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Introduction: House officers who are suffering from stress, anxiety or depression are at risk of harm to themselves, colleagues and even patients, as well as affecting their livelihood. Objective: This study is aimed to find the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among house officers working in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Method: A cross-sectional study was done using a self-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) 21. Results: Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression were 57.1%, 63.7%, and 42.9% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that house officers who thought of quitting Housemanship was associated with stress (adjusted OR = 3.64, 95% CI: (1.44, 9.20), p = 0.006), and depression (adjusted OR = 8.26, 95% CI: (2.96, 23.02), p < 0.001). House officers who perceives that they are bullied is associated with anxiety (adjusted OR = 4.16, 95% CI: (1.33, 13.07), p = 0.015). Work experience of the house officers in months have a protective effect to stress (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: (0.87, 0.97), p = 0.004), anxiety (adjusted OR = 0.93, 95% CI: (0.88, 0.98), p = 0.006) and depression (adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% CI: (0.87, 0.98), p = 0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among house officers in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah is high. Management should look into the findings and understand the importance of addressing this problem as it may affect patient care and safety, and the livelihood of house officers. Future studies identifying why house officers are thinking of quitting service and why they do feel that they are being bullied may be warranted.
Precise Spatiotemporal Patterns among Visual Cortical Areas and Their Relation to Visual Stimulus Processing

Visual processing shows a highly distributed organization in which the presentation of a visual stimulus simultaneously activates neurons in multiple columns across several cortical areas. It has been suggested that precise spatiotemporal activity patterns within and across cortical areas play a key role in higher cognitive, motor, and visual functions. In the visual system, these patterns have been proposed to take part in binding stimulus features into a coherent object, i.e., to be involved in perceptual grouping. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) in behaving monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, males), we simultaneously measured neural population activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) and extrastriate cortex (V2, V4) at high spatial and temporal resolution. We detected time point population events (PEs) in the VSDI signal of each pixel and found that they reflect transient increased neural activation within local populations by establishing their relation to spiking and local field potential activity. Then, we searched for repeating space and time relations between the detected PEs. We demonstrate the following: (1) spatiotemporal patterns occurring within (horizontal) and across (vertical) early visual areas repeat significantly above chance level; (2) information carried in only a few patterns can be used to reliably discriminate between stimulus categories on a single-trial level; (3) the spatiotemporal patterns yielding high classification performance are characterized by late temporal occurrence and top-down propagation, which are consistent with cortical mechanisms involving perceptual grouping. The pattern characteristics and the robust relation between the patterns and the stimulus categories suggest that spatiotemporal activity patterns play an important role in cortical mechanisms of higher visual processing.
Multifocal cystic bone tuberculosis with lupus vulgaris and lymphadenitis.

via cavernous sinus and intracranial propagation of periorbital cellulitis. This was not required in our case due to probably institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy. It may be of merit in severe or late diagnosed cases. Staphylococcal colonization of nasopharynx can lead to ethmoiditis in immunocompromized or susceptible child, with rapid progress locally and hematogenous seeding as in our case. A variety of organisms other than staphylococcus can cause this infection, which is dangerous because it may be complicated by retrobulbar abscess and cavernous sinus infection and thrombosis. Treatment should be started early with intravenous antibiotics. Also, concomitant staphylococcal foci should be looked for and dealt with surgically if necessary. If in any doubt, a contrast enhanced
A novel function for CUGBP2 in controlling the pro‐inflammatory stimulus in H9c2 cells: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation plays an important role in heart hypertrophy and cardiac diseases. However, the fine‐tuning of cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect inflammatory process and cardiac diseases is still under investigation. Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Increased level of prostaglandin E2 was also found in animal model of left ventricle of hypertrophy. Based on previous observations that demonstrated a regulatory loop between COX‐2 and the RNA‐binding protein CUGBP2, we studied cellular and molecular mechanisms of a pro‐inflammatory stimulus in a cardiac cell to verify if the above two molecules could be correlated with the inflammatory process in the heart. A cellular model of investigation was established and H9c2 was used. We also demonstrated a regulatory connection between COX‐2 and CUGBP2 in the cardiac cells. Based on a set of different assays including gene silencing and fluorescence microscopy, we describe a novel function for the RNA‐binding protein CUGBP2 in controlling the pro‐inflammatory stimulus: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules to specific cytoplasmic stress granules to maintain homeostasis.
Spinal Cord Injury Elicits Expression of Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycans by Macrophages, Reactive Microglia, and Oligodendrocyte Progenitors

Keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) are extracellular matrix molecules that appear to establish boundaries for axonal growth in the developing brain and spinal cord. In vitrostudies confirm that KSPGs define inhibitory boundaries to extending neurites. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether KSPGs are expressed after spinal cord injury (SCI) and thereby might act as potential inhibitors of axonal growth. Adult Fischer 344 rats were subjected to spinal cord lesions, and the temporal and spatial expression of KSPGs was examined using the 5D4 monoclonal anti-KSPG antibody. In the intact spinal cord, a subpopulation of microglia expressed 5D4-KSPG throughout the white and gray matter. Within 24 hr of injury, 5D4-KSPG immunoreactivity substantially increased and appeared on cellular profiles in close proximity to the spinal cord lesion site, peaking 3 d after injury. Double immunolabeling revealed that 5D4-KSPG expression arose from multiple cell types at the lesion site, including reactive microglia, macrophages, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Astrocytes were not identified as a source of 5D4-KSPG. The robust and extensive production of 5D4-KSPG at sites of SCI precedes the expression of other putatively inhibitory proteoglycan molecules such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. This is the first demonstration that KSPGs are expressed after SCI in a temporal and spatial relationship that could exert an early and important role in modulating axonal growth after SCI.