Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General Purpose Computer-Assisted Clustering and Conceptualization

We develop a computer-assisted method for the discovery of insightful conceptualizations, in the form of clusterings (i.e., partitions) of input objects. Each of the numerous fully automated methods of cluster analysis proposed in statistics, computer science, and biology optimize a diﬀerent objective function. Almost all are well deﬁned, but how to determine before the fact which one, if any, will partition a given set of objects in an “insightful” or “useful” way for a given user is unknown and diﬃcult, if not logically impossible. We develop a metric space of partitions from all existing cluster analysis methods applied to a given data set (along with millions of other solutions we add based on combinations of existing clusterings), and enable a user to explore and interact with it, and quickly reveal or prompt useful or insightful conceptualizations. In addition, although uncommon in unsupervised learning problems, we oﬀer and implement evaluation designs that make our computer-assisted approach vulnerable to being proven suboptimal in speciﬁc data types. We demonstrate that our approach facilitates more eﬃcient and insightful discovery of useful information than either expert human coders or many existing fully automated methods. We (will) make available an easy-to-use software package that implements all our suggestions.
Primary Laryngeal Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Case Report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the upper respiratory tract is rare. We report a case of laryngeal MFH in a 78-year-old man. The patient died 8 months after the first surgical treatment. The clinicopathologic features are described, and the importance of electron microscopy and immunohisto-chemical techniques in the differential diagnosis with so-called « sarcomatoid carcinoma » is stressed. The tumor has an aggressive biological behavior and tends to recur and metastasize.
Using objective physical activity measures with youth: how many days of monitoring are needed?

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to establish the minimal number of days of monitoring required for accelerometers to assess usual physical activity in children. METHODS A total of 381 students (189 M, 192 F) wore a CSA 7164 uniaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive days. To examine age-related trends students were grouped as follows: Group I: grades 1-3 (N = 92); Group II: grades 4-6 (N = 98); Group III: grades 7-9 (N = 97); Group IV: grades 10-12 (N = 94). Average daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was calculated from minute-by-minute activity counts using the regression equation developed by Freedson et al. (1997). RESULTS Compared with adolescents in grades 7 to 12, children in grades 1 to 6 exhibited less day-to-day variability in MVPA behavior. Spearman-Brown analyses indicated that between 4 and 5 d of monitoring would be necessary to a achieve a reliability of 0.80 in children, and between 8 and 9 d of monitoring would be necessary to achieve a reliability of 0.80 in adolescents. Within all grade levels, the 7-d monitoring protocol produced acceptable estimates of daily participation in MVPA (R = 0.76 (0.71-0.81) to 0.87 (0.84-0.90)). Compared with weekdays, children exhibited significantly higher levels of MVPA on weekends, whereas adolescents exhibited significantly lower levels of MVPA on weekends. Principal components analysis revealed two distinct time components for MVPA during the day for children (early morning, rest of the day), and three distinct time components for MVPA during the day for adolescents (morning, afternoon, early evening). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a 7-d monitoring protocol provides reliable estimates of usual physical activity behavior in children and adolescents and accounts for potentially important differences in weekend versus weekday activity behavior as well as differences in activity patterns within a given day.
Bat3 promotes the membrane integration of tail-anchored proteins

The membrane integration of tail-anchored proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is post-translational, with different tail-anchored proteins exploiting distinct cytosolic factors. For example, mammalian TRC40 has a well-defined role during delivery of tail-anchored proteins to the ER. Although its Saccharomyces cerevisiae equivalent, Get3, is known to function in concert with at least four other components, Get1, Get2, Get4 and Get5 (Mdy2), the role of additional mammalian proteins during tail-anchored protein biogenesis is unclear. To this end, we analysed the cytosolic binding partners of Sec61β, a well-defined substrate of TRC40, and identified Bat3 as a previously unknown interacting partner. Depletion of Bat3 inhibits the membrane integration of Sec61β, but not of a second, TRC40-independent, tail-anchored protein, cytochrome b5. Thus, Bat3 influences the in vitro membrane integration of tail-anchored proteins using the TRC40 pathway. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking a functional GET pathway for tail-anchored protein biogenesis, Bat3 associates with the resulting cytosolic pool of non-targeted chains and diverts it to the nucleus. This Bat3-mediated mislocalisation is not dependent upon Sgt2, a recently identified component of the yeast GET pathway, and we propose that Bat3 either modulates the TRC40 pathway in higher eukaryotes or provides an alternative fate for newly synthesised tail-anchored proteins.
Collaborative learning through audioconferencing and voicemail – A case study

Using audioconferencing, Collaborative Learning Groups (CLGs) were established among distance education students enrolled in three education units at the University of New England in 1996. The purpose of the CLGs was to help overcome the sense of isolation many distance education students feel, and to encourage students to take more responsibility for their own learning through discussion with other students without the presence of the lecturer. In second semester, voicemail was introduced to enhance the functioning of the CLGs. Generally, students who participated felt that the process helped alleviate the feeling of isolation and that their learning was enhanced, but there was still quite a strong desire expressed for the lecturer to be part of the discussions.
Negative Affect and Health: The Importance of Being Earnest

Research on emotion and health has tended to focus on the negative consequences of “negative” emotions. An emerging literature has begun to explore the positive aspects of negative affect, suggesting that emotion be treated in a more differentiated way by recognising the components and intensity that can promote or harm health. For example, short bursts of emotion-associated sympathetic activation can stimulate parts of the immune system, whereas more chronic activation can cause “wear and tear” on the cardiovascular system. Anxiety and guilt have been associated with preventive health behaviours and care-seeking, whereas distress and depression increase symptom sensitivity, accuracy of illness perception, and can facilitate care-seeking and receipt of support. However, intense and chronic negative affects may lead individuals to engage in risky health behaviours, such as substance abuse, overeating, and high risk sex, as a coping mechanism to regulate negative emotion. They may also undermine social supp.
Infrastructuring in participatory design

This paper reviews literature and reflects on infrastructuring in Participatory Design (PD) with a conceptual interest. It starts with the notion of information infrastructure introduced to the PD community in the mid-1990s by Star and collaborators. It traces how the notion has been adapted, appended, and negotiated within a number of PD approaches known as "infrastructuring. " Based on this review, the paper discusses a number of themes arising from these approaches that relate to salient information infrastructure characteristics and speak to the specificity of infrastructuring in PD. This paper takes stock of what has happened in conceptual terms with regard to information infrastructure and infrastructuring in the field of PD to inform continuing work.
Factor Analysts At Large: a Critical Review of the Motivational Orientation Literature

The methodology employed in fourteen motivational orienta tion studies is reviewed. All studies used either the Education Participation Scale, the Continuing Learning Orientation Index or the Reasons for Educational Participation Scale. Issues discussed concern factor scoring, factor analysis, rotation, scaling, reliability and the extent to which the three-factor Houle typology is an accu rate representation of reality. There has been some well executed research in the orientation area. However, many deficiencies are identified and it is recommended that future orientation researchers emulate the strengths but avoid the weaknesses of previous studies.
Specificity and sensitivity of automated external defibrillator rhythm analysis in infants and children.

STUDY OBJECTIVES The rhythm detection algorithms of automated external defibrillators have been derived from adult rhythms, and their ability to discriminate between shockable and nonshockable rhythms in children is largely unknown. This study evaluates the performance of 1 automated external defibrillator algorithm in infants and children and evaluates algorithm performance with anterior-posterior versus sternal-apex lead placement. METHODS We enrolled pediatric patients in a critical care unit, an electrophysiology laboratory, and a cardiac operating room. A monitor-defibrillator recorded ECGs by means of standard defibrillation-monitor pads. Selected 15-second rhythm samples were played into a LIFEPAK 500 automated external defibrillator, and the automated external defibrillator "shock/no shock" decision was documented. To determine sensitivity and specificity, the automated external defibrillator decision was compared with the "shockable" versus "nonshockable" rhythm classification provided by 3 expert clinicians who were blinded to the automated external defibrillator decision. RESULTS We recorded 1,561 rhythm samples from 203 pediatric patients (median age 11 months; range, day of birth to 7 years). The automated external defibrillator recommended a shock for 72 of 73 rhythm samples classified as coarse ventricular fibrillation by expert review (sensitivity 99%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 93% to 100%); and correctly reached a "no shock advised" decision for 1,465 of 1,472 rhythm samples classified as nonshockable by experts (specificity 99.5%). Specificity was 99.1% (95% CI 97.8% to 99.8%) with the sternal-apex lead and 99.4% (95% CI 98.1% to 99.9%) with the anterior-posterior lead. CONCLUSION This automated external defibrillator algorithm has high specificity and sensitivity when used in infants and children with either sternal-apex or anterior-posterior lead placement.
Cannibal Tours and Glass Boxes: The Anthropology of Museums

Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition: Museums, the Public and Anthropology 1. Introduction: The Critical Theory and Practice of Museums 2. The Development of Museums in the Western World: Tensions between Democratization and Professionalization 3. Dilemmas of the Practical Anthropologist: Public Services versus Professional Interests 4. What Could a Social Anthropologist Do in a Museum of Anthropology? : The Anthropology of Museums and Anthropology 5. How Anthropologists Stereotype Other People 6. How Anthropologists Help to Fabricate the Cultures They Study 7. The Definition of Native Art: The Case of Willie Seaweed 8. The Emerging Native View of History and Culture 9. De-Schooling the Museum: A Proposal to Increase Public Access to Museums and Their Resources 10. Are Museums or Anthropology Really Necessary Any More? 11. World's Fairs and the Constitution of Society: The Ideology of Expo '86 12. The Big Mac Attack and the Anthropology of Everyday Life 13. Cannibal Tours, Glass Boxes, and the Politics of Interpretation 14. Museums in the Age of Deconstruction Notes Bibliography Index
Adoption and diffusion of knowledge management systems: an Australian survey

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption and diffusion of knowledge management systems (KMSs) in Australia.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a mixed methodology approach. The research was carried out in three stages: field study, pilot survey, and national survey (top 1,500 companies). This paper reports the findings of the third phase of the study – the national survey. The data of the national survey was analyzed through structural equation modeling (LISREL). Findings – The results indicate that individual factors and task complexity are the significant factors that influence the perceived usefulness of KMSs which, in turn, significantly influence the intention to adopt a KMS and its diffusion process. Some unexpected results were also found.Originality/value – There is a scarcity of studies on the empirical perspectives of KMSs in the literature, especially in the area of adoption and diffusion. This research addresses this gap by studying the adoption and.
Evaluation of Work Station Design Factors in VDT Operations

An onsite evaluation was conducted at five establishments using VDTs to examine VDT workstation designs and to compare these designs to recommendations obtained from the literature. Measurements were made of such critical design factors as keyboard height, screen height, workstation illumination, and glare. Illumination levels were generally in the 500 to 700 lx range, and questionnaire data confirmed that these levels were acceptable to most employees. A number of design problems were found in the VDT workstations, including excessive keyboard heights and screen positioning which would require excessive inclination of the head and neck for screen viewing. A majority of the operators surveyed found a number of factors to be bothersome, including screen readability, reflected glare, screen brightness, and flicker. A number of the dissatisfaction parameters were found to be related to levels of somatic (health) complaints.
Attention effects on the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant speech sounds and letters

We used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to study effects of selective attention on the processing of attended and unattended spoken syllables and letters. Participants were presented with syllables randomly occurring in the left or right ear and spoken by different voices and with a concurrent foveal stream of consonant letters written in darker or lighter fonts. During auditory phonological (AP) and non-phonological tasks, they responded to syllables in a designated ear starting with a vowel and spoken by female voices, respectively. These syllables occurred infrequently among standard syllables starting with a consonant and spoken by male voices. During visual phonological and non-phonological tasks, they responded to consonant letters with names starting with a vowel and to letters written in dark fonts, respectively. These letters occurred infrequently among standard letters with names starting with a consonant and written in light fonts. To examine genuine effects of attention and task on ERPs not overlapped by ERPs associated with target processing or deviance detection, these effects were studied only in ERPs to auditory and visual standards. During selective listening to syllables in a designated ear, ERPs to the attended syllables were negatively displaced during both phonological and non-phonological auditory tasks. Selective attention to letters elicited an early negative displacement and a subsequent positive displacement (Pd) of ERPs to attended letters being larger during the visual phonological than non-phonological task suggesting a higher demand for attention during the visual phonological task. Active suppression of unattended speech during the AP and non-phonological tasks and during the visual phonological tasks was suggested by a rejection positivity (RP) to unattended syllables. We also found evidence for suppression of the processing of task-irrelevant visual stimuli in visual ERPs during auditory tasks involving left-ear syllables.
Analysis of Metal Contents in Portland Type V and MTA-Based Cements

The aim of this study was to determine, by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), the concentration levels of 11 metals in Type V gray and structural white PC, ProRoot MTA, and MTA Bio. Samples, containing one gram of each tested cement, were prepared and transferred to a 100 mL Teflon tube with a mixture of 7.0 mL of nitric acid and 21 mL of hydrochloric acid. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered and then volumed to 50 mL of distilled water. For each metal, specific patterns were determined from universal standards. Arsenic quantification was performed by hydride generator. The analysis was performed five times and the data were statistically analyzed at 5% level of significance. Only the cadmium presented concentration levels of values lower than the quantification limit of the device. The AAS analysis showed increased levels of calcium, nickel, and zinc in structural white PC. Type V PC presented the greatest concentration levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, lead, and manganese (P < 0.05). Bismuth was found in all cements, and the lowest concentration levels were observed in Portland cements, while the highest were observed in ProRoot MTA. Both PC and MTA-based cements showed evidence of metals inclusion.
Is the grass any greener? Canada to United States of America nurse migration.

AIM Little or no attempt has been made to determine why nurses leave Canada, remain outside of Canada, or under what circumstances might return to Canada. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of Canadian-educated registered nurses working in the USA. DATA SOURCES Data for this study include the 1996, 2000 and 2004 USA National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses and reports from the same time period from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. FINDINGS This research demonstrates that full-time work opportunities and the potential for ongoing education are key factors that contribute to the migration of Canadian nurses to the USA. In addition, Canada appears to be losing baccalaureate-prepared nurses to the USA. DISCUSSION These findings underscore how health care policy decisions such as workforce retention strategies can have a direct influence on the nursing workforce. Policy emphasis should be on providing incentives for Canadian-educated nurses to stay in Canada, and obtain full-time work while continuing to develop professionally. CONCLUSION Findings from this study provide policy leaders with important information regarding employment options of interest to migrating nurses. STUDY LIMITATIONS This study describes and contrasts nurses in the data set, thus providing information on the context of nurse migration from Canada to the USA. Data utilized in this study are cross-sectional in nature, thus the opportunity to follow individual nurses over time was not possible.
First pass metabolism of ethanol is strikingly influenced by the speed of gastric emptying

Background—Ethanol undergoes a first pass metabolism (FPM) in the stomach and liver. Gastric FPM of ethanol primarily depends on the activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In addition, the speed of gastric emptying (GE) may modulate both gastric and hepatic FPM of ethanol. Aims—To study the effect of modulation of GE on FPM of ethanol in the stomach and liver. Methods—Sixteen volunteers (eight men and eight women) received ethanol (0.225 g/kg body weight) orally and intravenously, and the areas under the ethanol concentration time curves were determined to calculate FPM of ethanol. In seven of these subjects, FPM of ethanol was measured after the intravenous administration of 10 mg metoclopramide (MCP) and 20 mgN-butylscopolamine (NBS) in separate experiments to either accelerate or delay GE. GE was monitored sonographically by integration of the antral area of the stomach every five minutes for 90 minutes after oral ethanol intake. In addition, gastric biopsy specimens were taken to determine ADH activity and phenotype, as well as to evaluate gastric histology. Blood was also drawn for ADH genotyping. Results—GE time was significantly delayed by the administration of NBS as compared with controls (p<0.0001) and as compared with the administration of MCP (p<0.0001). This was associated with a significantly enhanced FPM of ethanol with NBS compared with MCP (p = 0.0004). A significant correlation was noted between GE time and FPM of ethanol (r = 0.43, p = 0.0407). Gastric ADH activity did not significantly correlate with FPM of ethanol. Conclusion—FPM of ethanol is strikingly modulated by the speed of GE. Delayed GE increases the time of exposure of ethanol to gastric ADH and may therefore increase gastric FPM of ethanol. In addition, hepatic FPM of ethanol may also be enhanced as the result of slower absorption of ethanol from the small intestine. Thus a knowledge of GE time is a major prerequisite for studying FPM of ethanol in humans.
ANOTHER REASON WHY WE SHOULD LOOK AFTER OUR CHILDREN

In many ways, it seems obvious that we should look after, feed and protect our children. However, infants of some species are expected to look after themselves from a very early age. In this paper, I shall present a series of simulations that explore the hypothesis that neural network learning issues alone are sufficient to result in the evolution of long protection periods. By evolving populations of neural network systems that must learn to perform simple classification tasks, I show that lengthy protection periods will emerge automatically, despite associated costs to the parents and children.
AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF LARGE COMPLEX BUILDINGS USING LIDAR DATA AND DIGITAL MAPS

As the use of building models are rapidly increased for various applications, many studies have been performed to develop a practical and nearly automatic method to extract such models from various sensory and GIS data. Nevertheless, it is still a difficult problem to extract the models of large-complex buildings in particular. The purpose of this study is thus to develop a fully automatic method to extract the detail models of buildings from LIDAR data and a digital map. This extraction consisting of primitive extraction and modeling is mainly based on robust segmentation of planar patches from numerous LIDAR points. These primary primitives are used as the references to generate secondary primitives such as edges and corners and then refined based on these secondary primitives to form a complete polyhedral model. The proposed method was successfully applied to extracting largecomplex buildings from real data in the test site. It can be a promising timeand cost-effective solution for a country to enhance their traditional map to include 3D models of buildings. * Corresponding author