Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submillimeter Arcsecond-Resolution Mapping of the Highly Collimated Protostellar Jet HH 211

We have mapped the protostellar jet HH 211 in 342 GHz continuum, SiO (J = 8-7), and CO (J = 3-2) emission at ~1'' resolution with the Submillimeter Array. Thermal dust emission is seen in continuum at the center of the jet, tracing an envelope and a possible optically thick compact disk (with a size <130 AU) around the protostar. A knotty jet is seen in CO and SiO as in H2, but extending closer to the protostar. It consists of a chain of knots on each side of the protostar, with an interknot spacing of ~2''-3'' or 600-900 AU and the innermost pair of knots at only ~1.7'' or 535 AU from the protostar. These knots likely trace unresolved internal (bow) shocks (i.e., working surfaces) in the jet, with a velocity range up to ~25 km s-1. The two-sided mass-loss rate of the jet is estimated to be ~(0.7-2.8) × 10-6 M☉ yr-1. The jet is episodic, precessing, and bending. A velocity gradient is seen consistently across two bright SiO knots (BK3 and RK2) perpendicular to the jet axis, with ~1.5 ± 0.8 km s-1 at ~30 ± 15 AU, suggesting the presence of jet rotation. The launching radius of the jet, derived from the potential jet rotation, is ~0.15-0.06 AU in the inner disk.
Common Solutions of an Iterative Scheme for Variational Inclusions, Equilibrium Problems, and Fixed Point Problems

We introduce an iterative scheme by the viscosity approximate method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a variational inclusion with set-valued maximal monotone mapping and inverse strongly monotone mappings, the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem, and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping. We obtain a strong convergence theorem for the sequences generated by these processes in Hilbert spaces. The results in this paper unify, extend, and improve some well-known results in the literature.
EPAC – a new dataset on ethnonationalism in party competition in 22 European democracies

Datasets in the field of ethnic politics still tend to treat ethnonational groups as unitary actors and do not differentiate between the positions of the organizations representing these groups. Datasets in the field of party politics differentiate between the positions of political parties, yet fail convincingly to conceptualize an ethnonational dimension of competition. This Research Note presents EPAC, a new dataset on Ethnonationalism in Party Competition that seeks to fill this gap. Based on an expert survey, EPAC provides cross-sectional data on the ethnonational positions of 210 political parties in 22 multinational European democracies. The conceptualization of an ethnonational dimension of competition underlying the dataset is introduced and a series of validity and reliability tests performed. Test results show that EPAC provides valid and reliable measures of party positions on an ethnonational dimension that can serve as an empirical base for study of the causes and effects of the mobilization of ethnicity in party competition.
Effect of aspirin on prostaglandin E2 formation and transforming growth factor alpha expression in human rectal mucosa from individuals with a history of adenomatous polyps of the colon.

Colorectal cancer is the second-most frequent cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Human epidemiology and laboratory studies indicate that aspirin may be an effective colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent. This study was designed to determine whether treatment with 81 mg of aspirin per day for 3 months would alter two putative surrogate end point biomarkers of chemoprevention of colorectal cancer [i.e., mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) expression] in normal-appearing rectal mucosa from individuals with a history of adenomatous polyps. Rectal biopsies were obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy at three sequential time points: (a) after a 1-month placebo run-in period (baseline), (b) after 3 months of ingesting 81 mg of aspirin (as a single tablet) once per day, and (c) after 3 months of ingesting a placebo tablet once per day (washout period). Daily aspirin significantly suppressed PGE2 formation, but this significant suppression was completely reversed when aspirin was withdrawn. The extent of TGF-alpha staining in rectal crypts was also reduced significantly (P = 0.039) by daily aspirin. After a 3-month placebo-washout period, however, the mean extent of TGF-alpha staining was not significantly different from either baseline or the aspirin time point. Thus, 81 mg of aspirin daily significantly reduced rectal mucosal PGE2 formation and TGF-alpha expression in patients with a history of adenomatous polyps. These putative surrogate end point biomarkers may be useful intermediate end points in future colorectal cancer chemoprevention trials.
Blaming the victim, all over again: Waddell and Aylward’s biopsychosocial (BPS) model of disability

The biopsychosocial model (BPS) of mental distress, originally conceived by American psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s and commonly used in psychiatry and psychology, has been adapted by Gordon Waddell and Mansel Aylward to form the theoretical basis for current UK government thinking on disability. Most importantly, the Waddell and Aylward version of the BPS has played a key role as the government has sought to reform spending on out-of-work disability benefits. This article critiques Waddell and Aylward’s model, examining its origins, its claims and the evidence it employs. We argue that its potential for genuine interdisciplinary cooperation and the holistic and humanistic benefits for disabled people as envisaged by Engel are not now, if they ever have been, fully realised. Any potential benefit it may have offered has been eclipsed by its role in Coalition/Conservative government social welfare policies that have blamed the victim and justified restriction of entitlements.
Sociology And The Race Problem The Failure Of A Perspective

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Effects on Nitric Oxide Production of Urolithins, Gut-Derived Ellagitannin Metabolites, in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells

The consumption of foodstuffs yielding circulating compounds able to maintain endothelial function by improving nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability can be considered as an effective strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention. This work assessed the in vitro effects of urolithin A, urolithin B, and urolithin B-glucuronide, ellagitannin-derived metabolites of colonic origin, on NO release and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Urolithins were tested both individually at 15 μM and as a mixture of 5 μM each, at different time points. The biotransformation of these molecules in cell media due to cell metabolism was also evaluated by UHPLC-MSn. The mix of urolithins at 5 μM significantly increased nitrite/nitrate levels following 24 h of incubation, while single urolithins at 15 μM did not modify NO bioavailability. Both the mix of urolithins at 5 μM and urolithin B-glucuronide at 15 μM activated eNOS expression. All urolithins underwent metabolic reactions, but these were limited to conjugation with sulfate moieties. This study represents a step forward in the understanding of cardiovascular health benefits of ellagitannin-rich foodstuffs and backs the idea that peripheral cells may contribute to urolithin metabolism.
Overweight and obesity among Ghanaian residents in The Netherlands: how do they weigh against their urban and rural counterparts in Ghana?

Abstract Objective To investigate differences in overweight and obesity between first-generation Dutch-Ghanaian migrants in The Netherlands and their rural and urban counterparts in Ghana. Design Cross-sectional study. Subjects A total of 1471 Ghanaians (rural Ghanaians, n 532; urban Ghanaians, n 787; Dutch-Ghanaians, n 152) aged ≥17 years. Main outcome measures Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Results Dutch-Ghanaians had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (men 69·1 %, women 79·5 %) than urban Ghanaians (men 22·0 %, women 50·0 %) and rural Ghanaians (men 10·3 %, women 19·0 %). Urban Ghanaian men and women also had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than their rural Ghanaian counterparts. In a logistic regression analysis adjusting for age and education, the odds ratios for being overweight or obese were 3·10 (95 % CI 1·75, 5·48) for urban Ghanaian men and 19·06 (95 % CI 8·98, 40·43) for Dutch-Ghanaian men compared with rural Ghanaian men. Among women, the odds ratios for being overweight and obese were 3·84 (95 % CI 2·66, 5·53) for urban Ghanaians and 11·4 (95 % CI 5·97, 22·07) for Dutch-Ghanaians compared with their rural Ghanaian counterparts. Conclusion Our current findings give credence to earlier reports of an increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity with urbanization within Africa and migration to industrialized countries. These findings indicate an urgent need to further assess migration-related factors that lead to these increases in overweight and obesity among migrants with non-Western background, and their impact on overweight- and obesity-related illnesses such as diabetes among these populations.
Growth, evolution, and structural change in open source software

Our recent work has addressed how and why software systems evolve over time, with a particular emphasis on software architecture and open source software systems [2, 3, 6]. In this position paper, we present a short summary of two recent projects.First, we have performed a case study on the evolution of the Linux kernel [3], as well as some other open source software (OSS) systems. We have found that several OSS systems appear not to obey some of "Lehman's laws" of software evolution [5, 7], and that Linux in particular is continuing to grow at a geometric rate. Currently, we are working on a detailed study of the evolution of one of the subsystems of the Linux kernel: the SCSI drivers subsystem. We have found that cloning, which is usually considered to be an indicator of lazy development and poor process, is quite common and is even considered to be a useful practice.Second, we are developing a tool called Beagle to aid software maintainers in understanding how large systems have changed over time. Beagle integrates data from various static analysis and metrics tools and provides a query engine as well as navigable visualizations. Of particular note, Beagle aims to provide help in modelling long term evolution of systems that have undergone architectural and structural change.
Pre-Infarction Angina and Outcomes in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Data from the RICO Survey

Background The presence of pre-infarction angina (PIA) has been shown to confer cardioprotection after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the clinical impact of PIA in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains to be determined. Methods and Results From the obseRvatoire des Infarctus de Côte d'Or (RICO) survey, 1541 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care unit with a first NSTEMI were included. Patients who experienced chest pain <7 days before the episode leading to admission were defined as having PIA and were compared with patients without PIA. Incidence of in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), heart failure and 30-day mortality were collected. Among the 1541 patients included in the study, 693 (45%) patients presented PIA. PIA was associated with a lower creatine kinase peak, as a reflection of infarct size (231(109–520) vs. 322(148–844) IU/L, p<0.001) when compared with the group without PIA. Patients with PIA developed fewer VAs, by 3 fold (1.6% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.008) and heart failure (18.0% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.040) during the hospital stay. Overall, there was a decrease in early CV events by 26% in patients with PIA (19.2% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.002). By multivariate analysis, PIA remained independently associated with less VAs. Conclusion From this large contemporary prospective study, our work showed that PIA is very frequent in patients admitted for a first NSTEMI, and is associated with a better prognosis, including reduced infarct size and in hospital VAs. Accordingly, protecting the myocardium by ischemic or pharmacological conditioning not only in STEMI, but in all type of MI merits further attention.
Noise model for multiple segmented coupled RC interconnects

The performance of high-speed VLSI circuits is increasingly limited by interconnect coupling noise. We present simple and improved analytical models for noise phenomena due to coupling capacitance. We extend the /spl Pi/ model presented previously to accommodate a segmented aggressor. We also include a linear driver resistance in the modeling of both victims and aggressors to measure their estimate on peak noise. Finally, we extend this model to multiple segmented aggressors by superposing noise contributions of individual aggressors and sweeping the result in the time domain to determine peak noise (in contrast to adding the individual peak noise values for individual aggressors). Accuracy in the results depends greatly on actual positioning of victim-aggressor overlaps. We find that previous models that assume aggressors run parallel to the victim net for its entire length do not yield peak noise results nearly as close to SPICE-computed values. We also find that inclusion of driver resistance in the model improves accuracy. Our noise model for a single segmented aggressor is within /spl sim/16% of SPICE. Results for two segmented aggressors are within acceptable tolerances with respect to SPICE, but error increases with the number of aggressors. We note that these results are almost always pessimistic.
Phase Transition on The Degree Sequence of a Mixed Random Graph Process

This paper focuses on the problem of the degree sequence for a mixed random graph process which continuously combines the {\it classical} model and the BA model. Note that the number of step added edges for the mixed model is random and non-uniformly bounded. By developing a comparing argument, phase transition on the degree distributions of the mixed model is revealed: while the {\it pure} classical model possesses a {\it exponential} degree sequence, the {\it pure} BA model and the mixed model possess {\it power law} degree sequences. As an application of the methodology, phase transition on the degree sequence of {\it another} mixed model with {\it hard copying} is also studied, especially, in the power law region, the inverse power can take any value greater than 1.
The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the biological activity of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) and its potential utility as a health promoting and disease preventing functional food. As a source of nitrate, beetroot ingestion provides a natural means of increasing in vivo nitric oxide (NO) availability and has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent and manage pathologies associated with diminished NO bioavailability, notably hypertension and endothelial function. Beetroot is also being considered as a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Its constituents, most notably the betalain pigments, display potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this review is to discuss beetroot’s biological activity and to evaluate evidence from studies that specifically investigated the effect of beetroot supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, cognition and endothelial function.
Impact of oscillator noise in bistatic and multistatic SAR

This letter addresses the impact of limited oscillator stability in bistatic and multistatic synthetic aperture radars (SARs). Oscillator noise deserves special attention in distributed SAR systems since there is no cancellation of low-frequency phase errors as in a monostatic SAR, where the same oscillator signal is used for modulation and demodulation. It is shown that the uncompensated phase noise may cause a time-variant shift, spurious sidelobes, and a broadening of the impulse response, as well as a low-frequency phase modulation of the focused SAR signal. Quantitative estimates are derived analytically for each of these errors based on a system-theoretic model taking into account the second-order statistics of the oscillator phase noise
Reward-related processing in the human brain: Developmental considerations

Abstract The pursuit of rewarding experiences motivates everyday human behavior, and can prove beneficial when pleasurable, positive consequences result (e.g., satisfying hunger, earning a paycheck). However, reward seeking may also be maladaptive and lead to risky decisions with potentially negative long-term consequences (e.g., unprotected sex, drug use). Such risky decision making is often observed during adolescence, a time in which important structural and functional refinements occur in the brain's reward circuitry. Although much of the brain develops before adolescence, critical centers for goal-directed behavior, such as frontal corticobasal ganglia networks, continue to mature. These ongoing changes may underlie the increases in risk-taking behavior often observed during adolescence. Further, typical development of these circuits is vital to our ability to make well-informed decisions; atypical development of the human reward circuitry can have severe implications, as is the case in certain clinical and developmental conditions (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). This review focuses on current research probing the neural correlates of reward-related processing across human development supporting the current research hypothesis that immature or atypical corticostriatal circuitry may underlie maladaptive behaviors observed in adolescence.
Toxic Dimethylarginines: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA)

Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed by post-translational modification and are uremic toxins that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and play multifunctional roles in many human diseases. Both ADMA and SDMA have emerged as strong predictors of cardiovascular events and death in a range of illnesses. Major progress has been made in research on ADMA-lowering therapies in animal studies; however, further studies are required to fill the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to treat human diseases related to elevated ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we review the reported impacts of ADMA and SDMA on human health and disease, focusing on the synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA; the pathophysiological roles of these dimethylarginines; clinical conditions and animal models associated with elevated ADMA and SDMA levels; and potential therapies against ADMA and SDMA. There is currently no specific pharmacological therapy for lowering the levels and counteracting the deleterious effects of ADMA and SDMA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of ADMA and SDMA on a wide range of human diseases is essential to the development of specific therapies against diseases related to ADMA and SDMA.
Identification of familial colorectal cancer and hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes through the Dutch population-screening program: results ofa pilot study

Abstract Objectives: In 2014, a population-screening program using immuno-faecal occult blood testing (I-FOBT) has started in the Netherlands. The aims of this study were to evaluate the proportion of individuals in the Dutch screening program with a positive I-FOBT that fulfill the criteria for familial colorectal cancer (FCC) and to evaluate the proportion of participants that needs genetic counseling or colonoscopic surveillance. Material and methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in two large hospitals. Individuals aged between 55 and 75 years with a positive I-FOBT that underwent colonoscopy were included. A detailed family history was obtained in all individuals. Results: A total of 657 individuals with a positive I-FOBT test underwent colonoscopy. A total of 120 (18.3%) participants were found to have a positive family history for CRC, 20 (3.0%) fulfilled the FCC criteria, 4 (0.6%) the Bethesda guidelines and 1 (0.2%) participant the Amsterdam criteria. Multiple adenomas (>10) were found in 21 (3.2%) participants. No cases of serrated polyposis were identified. Based on these criteria and guidelines, a total of 35 (5.3%) required referral to the clinical geneticist and the relatives of 20 (3.0%) participants should be referred for surveillance colonoscopy. Conclusion: Obtaining a detailed family history at the time of intake of participants with a positive I-FOBT in the Dutch surveillance program increased the identification of participants with familial CRC.
Internet Traffic Forecasting using Neural Networks

The forecast of Internet traffic is an important issue that has received few attention from the computer networks field. By improving this task, efficient traffic engineering and anomaly detection tools can be created, resulting in economic gains from better resource management. This paper presents a neural network ensemble (NNE) for the prediction of TCP/IP traffic using a time series forecasting (TSF) point of view. Several experiments were devised by considering real-world data from two large Internet Service Providers. In addition, different time scales (e.g. every five minutes and hourly) and forecasting horizons were analyzed. Overall, the NNE approach is competitive when compared with other TSF methods (e.g. Holt-Winters and ARIMA).
A β-Catenin-Dependent Wnt Pathway Mediates Anteroposterior Axon Guidance in C. elegans Motor Neurons

Background Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that regulate diverse aspects of development, including cell proliferation, cell fate specification and differentiation. More recently, Wnts have been shown to direct axon guidance in vertebrates, flies and worms. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of Wnts in axon guidance. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that the posterior C. elegans Wnt protein LIN-44 repels the axons of the adjacent D-type motor neurons by activating its receptor LIN-17/Frizzled on the neurons. Moreover, mutations in mig-5/Disheveled, gsk-3, pry-1/Axin, bar-1/β-catenin and pop-1/TCF, also cause disrupted D-type axon pathfinding. Reduced BAR-1/β-catenin activity in D-type axons leads to undergrowth of axons, while stabilization of BAR-1/β-catenin in a lin-23/SCFβ-TrCP mutant results in an overextension phenotype. Conclusions/Significance Together, our data provide evidence that Wnt-mediated axon guidance can be transduced through a β-catenin-dependent pathway.