Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in patterns of appraisal and anger experience

The aim of the present study was to identify and account for individual differences in the contextual experience of anger and its appraisals and in the associations between both. Participants (N=832) engaged in a directed imagery task of descriptions of unpleasant situations and reported on their appraisal and anger experience. Additionally, they filled out several dispositional questionnaires. The results demonstrated that at the basis of the experience of anger lies an externally induced disadvantage, which for many people elicits frustration. For some individuals, the latter is sufficient for becoming angered. Yet, for others, the thwarting has to be characterised by norm violation and has to be appraised as unfair and deliberate in order for them to experience anger. Individuals also differed as to whether threat to self-esteem was experienced along with frustration in situations that involved negative evaluative self-relevant information. Combined, the findings demonstrated that anger can occur in combination with different patterns of appraisals, varying as a function of situation and person characteristics.
The Critical Antecedents to Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Empirical Evidences from North Cyprus Service Industry

This empirical study aims to investigate the effect of management commitment to service quality (MCSQ), intrinsic motivation, polychronicity, nepotism, and job satisfaction on hotel frontline employees’(FLEs) organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) in hotel setting in North Cyprus. PLS method was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships. This paper presented an integrative model to test the aforementioned effects and relationships. With the exception of the relationship between polychronicity and job satisfaction, all hypothesized relationships were supported. Significantly, while education was found to be negatively related to FLEs’ job satisfaction, on the other hand it was found to be positively related to their OCBs. Also, tenure was found to be positively related with job satisfaction. As a first in the service management literature, this paper provides implications for managers in terms of minimizing the negative effects of nepotism on FLEs’ citizenship behaviors. The current study by adding untried dispositional antecedents such as polychronicity and intrinsic motivation in its conceptual model of OCB in a hotel setting lends further contributions to OCB literature and provides useful guidelines to practitioners as well. This study by being conducted in North Cyprus, sought to expand this line of research by including different sociocultural context that added uniqueness to our model.
Visuo‐spatial abilities in autism: A review

Individuals with autism show various signs of heightened abilities in visuo-spatial functioning. First, it is long-established that they excel on embedded figures and block design tests relative to comparison participants. Second, some evidence suggests that processing global features is affected by inappropriate processing of the constituent elements of a stimulus. Third, they are more accurate than comparison participants in judging the shape of a slanted circle in a context in which ambient visual cues are eliminated. This suggests that their perception of the shape is less influenced by prior knowledge. Fourth, they are fast at searching for feature and conjunctive targets in a visual array. Contrary to earlier reports, however, they are susceptible to visual illusions. Also, they do show evidence of utilising prior knowledge when pairing a colour with an atypically coloured target. Accordingly, we conclude that there is something distinctive about autistic visuo-spatial functioning, but not necessarily in ways that are predicted by the ‘weak central coherence’ hypothesis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reliability of Retrospective Report for Timing First Sexual Intercourse for Adolescent Males

Several recent studies have employed retrospective report of the timing of events at adolescence, particularly of age atfirst sexual intercourse. The value of such studies rests on the assumption of reliability of the report of age on the occasion. The current study provides a test of the reliability of report of age atfirst intercourse over relatively short peniods of time and consistency of reports of ever having engaged in intercourse. Subjects were an at-risk sample of approximately 200 adolescent boys in the Oregon Youth Study. Every yearfrom Grade 8 through Grade 11, subjects were asked if they had ever had sexual intercourse and when was thefirst time. Consistency of responses as to whether they had ever had intercourse was high. Report of age at first intercourse, however, appeared very unreliable. Behavioralfactors were assessedfor their possible association with unreliable date reporting.
Investigation of Back-to-Back Starting of Pumped Storage Hydraulic Generating Units

In the present paper the procedure of back-to-back starting of pumped storage hydraulic generating units is investigated and analyzed. The results from simulation as well as from real on-site measurements are presented and compared for a case study of a Greek power station. Main parameters influencing this phenomenon are analyzed and information is given on the physical laws underlying the process. The effects of excitation and the gate valve opening procedure are discussed in particular, along with the torque-speed characteristic of the driving machine. Guidance is developed for the proper selection of the main parameters for a successful start.
The micromorphology of pit membranes in tracheary elements of ericales: new records of tori or pseudo-tori?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intervascular pit membranes were examined within Ericales to determine the distribution and structure of torus-like thickenings. METHODS Forty-nine species representing 12 families of the order Ericales were investigated using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They were compared with four species of Oleaceae to determine the true nature of the thickenings. KEY RESULTS Pit membranes with torus-like thickenings were observed in seven species of Ericaceae and were found to be amorphous, plasmodesmata-associated structures with an irregular distribution. These pseudo-tori show major differences compared with true tori with respect to their distribution and ultrastructure. Genuine tori, which are strongly correlated with round pit apertures in narrow tracheary elements, were found in two species of Osmanthus (Oleaceae). CONCLUSIONS The pseudo-tori found in some Ericaceae are considered to be similar to pit membrane thickenings previously recorded in Rosaceae. While true tori appear to be functionally significant in terms of efficiency and safety of water transport, the possible function of pseudo-tori could be associated with the role of plasmodesmata during differentiation of tracheids, fibre-tracheids or narrow vessels.
Spouses' Ability to Cope with Deployment and Adjust to Air Force Family Demands

Using data from 34,381 Air Force active-duty members, the current study examines active-duty members' perceptions of their spouse's or significant other's ability to cope with deployment of unknown length and adjust to demands of being an Air Force family. Active-duty members' perception of their spouse's ability to cope with deployment significantly varied by rank and time married, with 35 percent of junior enlisted and 30 percent of members married less than three years indicating their spouse would have a serious or very serious problem coping with deployment of unknown length. Protective factors—unit relationship quality, leadership effectiveness, and tangible social support from community members—were positively and significantly related to members' reports of spousal ability to adjust to Air Force family demands. The variance explained by these protective factors was highest for active-duty members who had been away from home for deployment or temporary duty for more than six months in the past twelve months.
Packing and covering constants for certain families of trees. I

If ℱ denotes a family of rooted trees, let pk(n) and ck(n) denote the average value of the k-packing and k-covering numbers of trees in ℱ that have n nodes. We assume, among other things, that the generating function y of trees in ℱ satisfies a relation of the type y = xϕ(y) for some power series ϕ. We show that the limits of pk(n)/n and ck(n)/n as n ∞ exist and we describe how to evaluate these limits.
Distributed formation control for swarm robots using mobile agents

This paper presents a decentralized control algorithm for composing a specific formation of swarm robots. The swarm robots are expected to compose formations that represent symbols. The robots are connected by communication networks and not necessary intelligent; they initially do not have any control program to compose symbols. Control programs that implement our algorithm are introduced later from outside as mobile software agents, which are able to migrate from one robot to another robot connected by the network. Our controlling algorithm is based on the indirect pheromone communication of social insects such as ants. We have implemented the ant and the pheromone as mobile software agents. Ant agents control the robots. Each ant agent has partial information about the formation they are supposed to compose. The partial information consists of relative locations with neighbor robots that are cooperatively composing the target formation. Once the ant agent detects an idle robot, it occupies that robot and generates the pheromone agent to attract other ant agents to the location for neighbor robots. Then the pheromone agent repeatedly migrates to other robots to diffuse attracting information. Once the pheromone agent reaches the robot with an ant agent, the ant agent migrates to the robot closest to the location pointed by the pheromone agent, and then, drives the robot to the location. We have implemented a simulator based on our algorithm, and conducted experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Self–Regulation and Mathematics Instruction

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research–based interventions that incorporate self–regulation strategies to improve mathematics performance of students with learning disabilities (LD). Self–regulation is a metacognitive function essential to academic success. Students with LD are notoriously poor at self–regulation and must be taught explicitly to monitor and control their cognitive activities as they engage in academic tasks such as mathematical problem solving. This article describes intervention studies that use self–regulation strategies to improve mathematics performance of students with LD at the elementary, middle, and secondary school levels. Several techniques to facilitate effective implementation of self–regulation instruction in the classroom are presented.
Expatriate adjustment: The role of justice and conflict in intimate relationships

Framing expatriation as family relocation, this research examines the influence of perceived justice and conflict on the psychological adjustment of 103 expatriate couples. Based on the actor–partner interdependence model, the proposed model simultaneously addresses effects of justice and conflict on own and partner's outcomes. Supporting the current model, and based on the self-interest model, distributive justice influenced work-related task conflict among expatriates and household-related task conflict among expatriate spouses. Among expatriate spouses, and in line with the group-value model, fairness perceptions regarding interpersonal treatment influenced both parties' personal conflict. Unanticipated, both parties' distributive justice also influenced personal conflict. Personal conflict negatively affected both parties' psychological adjustment and acted as a mediator in the relationship between distributive justice and psychological adjustment
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin and hemolytic activities require a second gene, cyaC, for activation

In these studies, the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin homology to the Escherichia coli hemolysin is extended with the finding of cyaC, a homolog to the E. coli hlyC gene, which is required for the production of a functional hemolysin molecule in E. coli. Mutations produced in the chromosome of B. pertussis upstream from the structural gene for the adenylate cyclase toxin revealed a region which was necessary for toxin and hemolytic activities of the molecule. These mutants produced the 216-kDa adenylate cyclase toxin as determined by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. The adenylate cyclase enzymatic activities of these mutants were equivalent to that of wild type, but toxin activities were less than 1% of that of wild type, and the mutants were nonhemolytic on blood agar plates and in in vitro assays. The upstream region restored hemolytic activity when returned in trans to the mutant strains. This genetic complementation defined a gene which acts in trans to activate the adenylate cyclase toxin posttranslationally. Sequence analysis of the upstream region defined an open reading frame with homology to the E. coli hlyC gene. In contrast to E. coli, this open reading frame is oriented oppositely from the adenylate cyclase toxin structural gene.
Is Spirits Really the Most Harmful Alcoholic Beverage? Evidence from a Recent Alcohol Survey in Sweden

The aim of this study was to determine if spirits consumption is more harmful than consuming milder beverage types in Sweden, using monthly survey data for the period 2005–2009. Logistic regression modeling was performed to estimate the association between different beverages and harmful drinking, controlling for gender, age, and socioeconomic factors. There was no support for the idea that spirits consumption is characterized by more harmful drinking patterns and consuming strong beer, in particular, was a better predictor of heavy drinking and harm. It also appeared that people who include spirits, strong beer, and cider/alcopops in their consumption pattern more often had harmful drinking patterns and experiences of alcohol-related problems. The present findings suggest that strong beer is the most problematic alcoholic beverage in Sweden, but also that patterns combining several beverage types are also good measures of harmful drinking, particularly patterns including strong beer, cider/alcopops, and spirits.
Reflections on Interviewing Women MPs

This paper reflects on the recent experience of interviewing women MPs. The research process is analyzed in terms of the micro-politics of the relationship between the researcher and the researched. Relevant methodological debates from two areas of sociology which are rarely brought together have been incorporated. Elite Studies and Gender Studies. Both of these fields have discussed the politics of space within the process of interviewing. However, the research experience of interviewing female MPs does not neatly fit in with the descriptions of interviewing to be found in either of these fields. This paper will discuss how the experience meets, criss-crosses and contradicts research reflections that are to be found in both of the above fields. So at times my experience echoed Ann Oakley's description of interviewing women as a cosy, friendly and sisterly exchange of information (Oakley, 1982: p. 55). Whilst at other times I could relate to Stephen Ball's description of interviews with MPs as ‘…events of struggle, as a complex interplay of dominance/resistance and chaos/freedom. ’ (Ball, 1994: p. 113). Often the same interview shifted between these two types of scenarios. After a short introduction to the debates on space and power within Elite Studies and Gender Studies this paper will go on to detail some of the complexities of interviewing women MPs for a feminist project.
Altered Placental and Fetal Expression of IGFs and IGF-Binding Proteins Associated With Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Fetal Sheep During Early and Mid-Pregnancy

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are postulated to be altered in association with the development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The present studies examined placental and fetal hepatic mRNA concentration of components of the IGF system at two time points (55 and 90 d gestational age, dGA; Term 147 dGA) in a hyperthermia (HT)-induced sheep model of placental insufficiency-IUGR. Maternal plasma insulin and IGF-I were constant at 55 and 90 dGA and were unaffected by treatment. Umbilical vein insulin concentrations tended to be reduced at 90 dGA following HT exposure. Caruncle IGF-I mRNA was increased at 90 dGA in HT placentae (p < 0.05), while cotyledon concentrations were constant over gestation and unaltered by treatment. In control cotyledons, IGF-II mRNA concentration increased (p < 0.01) and IGFBP-3 decreased between 55 and 90 dGA (p < 0.01). Cotyledon IGF-II and caruncle IGFBP-4 mRNA were elevated at 55 dGA in HT placentae compared with control (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). Fetal hepatic IGF-I, IGFBP-2, -3 and -4 concentrations rose over gestation (p < 0.05), but there were no treatment effects. These data suggest that changes in placental IGF expression in early and mid gestation may predispose the pregnancy to placental insufficiency, resulting in inadequate substrate supply to the developing fetus later in gestation.
Towards a Transformative Paradigm in the UK Response to Forced Marriage

Government plans to criminalise forced marriage have intensified debate over how to address the practice without alienating communities. Feminist and Critical Race literature on forced marriage castigates the government for treating forced marriage as a cultural event fostered by a deviant and alien ‘other’ and for seeking to ‘liberate’ women from their culture, but itself views community with suspicion and denies subject agency. Re-examining policy developments through personal experience – setting up the Forced Marriage Unit – I excavate the now forgotten imperative of community engagement and how government became invested in its exclusion. Given the porosity of the forced–arranged marriage distinction I then examine why engaging community is important. Young British Asians’ experience of the marriage process puts high value on family and community involvement. This power-laden paradigm, where consensus is valued over the Western liberal concept of ‘free consent’, is the context into which government policy must fit.
‘WNT-er is coming’: WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases

Chronic lung diseases represent a major public health problem with only limited therapeutic options. An important unmet need is to identify compounds and drugs that target key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Over the last decade, there has been extensive interest in investigating Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathways; and WNT signal alterations have been linked to pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. Here, we comprehensively review the cumulative evidence for WNT pathway alterations in chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD. While many studies have focused on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway, recent reports highlight that non-canonical WNT signalling may also significantly contribute to chronic lung pathologies; these studies will be particularly featured in this review. We further discuss recent advances uncovering the role of WNT signalling early in life, the potential of pharmaceutically modulating WNT signalling pathways and highlight (pre)clinical studies describing promising new therapies for chronic lung diseases.
Strong DNA deformation required for extremely slow DNA threading intercalation by a binuclear ruthenium complex

DNA intercalation by threading is expected to yield high affinity and slow dissociation, properties desirable for DNA-targeted therapeutics. To measure these properties, we utilize single molecule DNA stretching to quantify both the binding affinity and the force-dependent threading intercalation kinetics of the binuclear ruthenium complex Δ,Δ-[μ‐bidppz‐(phen)4Ru2]4+ (Δ,Δ-P). We measure the DNA elongation at a range of constant stretching forces using optical tweezers, allowing direct characterization of the intercalation kinetics as well as the amount intercalated at equilibrium. Higher forces exponentially facilitate the intercalative binding, leading to a profound decrease in the binding site size that results in one ligand intercalated at almost every DNA base stack. The zero force Δ,Δ-P intercalation Kd is 44 nM, 25-fold stronger than the analogous mono-nuclear ligand (Δ-P). The force-dependent kinetics analysis reveals a mechanism that requires DNA elongation of 0.33 nm for association, relaxation to an equilibrium elongation of 0.19 nm, and an additional elongation of 0.14 nm from the equilibrium state for dissociation. In cells, a molecule with binding properties similar to Δ,Δ-P may rapidly bind DNA destabilized by enzymes during replication or transcription, but upon enzyme dissociation it is predicted to remain intercalated for several hours, thereby interfering with essential biological processes.
Criminal Behavior

Criminology, as a field, has historically focused on social factors that contribute to the perpetration of crime. Although research has supported these influences as important predictors of criminal behavior, a substantial body of literature suggests that biological mechanisms also serve as risk and protective factors. In fact, research in this area has demonstrated that examining the interaction effect between biological and social influences provides a more holistic picture of criminal behavior. In the current article, research examining autonomic arousal, neurobiology and neuroendocrine functioning will be presented to provide an overview of the general themes among the findings. Based on the strong evidence in support of the inclusion of biological influences in models predicting criminal behavior, it is recommended that the field of criminology strive to use biosocial models in future research.
Age Moderates Contrast Effects in Women's Judgments of Facial Attractiveness

Physical attractiveness is an important individual characteristic in most social situations. Contrast effects occur when the perceived attractiveness of an individual is lower in the context of highly attractive others or vice versa. We used mate-selection theory to predict the effects of raters’ age and age of rated faces on contrast effects in women’s attractiveness judgments. Younger (18 –27 years) and older (50 years) women rated the attractiveness of an average-looking younger or older female or younger or older male target person, after having rated a series of 5 other photos that were either highly attractive or average looking. Strong contrast effects were found for younger women rating images of younger men and women, and for older women rating images of older men, such that the same target face was rated more attractive when the context images were average looking than when they were highly attractive. Weak or nonsignificant contrast effects were found among younger women rating images of older men and older women, and among older women rating images of younger men. Contrary to predictions, no contrast effects were found for older women rating images of either younger or older women. The overall pattern of findings suggests that the salience of physical attractiveness cues may vary functionally between younger and older women and emphasizes the importance of motivational influences on evaluative processes.