Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Presence of Female Conveners Correlates with a Higher Proportion of Female Speakers at Scientific Symposia

ABSTRACT We investigated the hypothesis that the gender of conveners at scientific meetings influenced the gender distribution of invited speakers. Analysis of 460 symposia involving 1,845 speakers in two large meetings sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology revealed that having at least one woman member of the convening team correlated with a significantly higher proportion of invited female speakers and reduced the likelihood of an all-male symposium roster. Our results suggest that inclusion of more women as conveners may increase the proportion of women among invited speakers at scientific meetings. IMPORTANCE The proportion of women entering scientific careers has increased substantially, but women remain underrepresented in academic ranks. Participation in meetings as a speaker is a factor of great importance for academic advancement. We found that having a woman as a convener greatly increased women’s participation in symposia, suggesting that one mechanism for achieving gender balance at scientific meetings is to involve more women as conveners. The proportion of women entering scientific careers has increased substantially, but women remain underrepresented in academic ranks. Participation in meetings as a speaker is a factor of great importance for academic advancement. We found that having a woman as a convener greatly increased women’s participation in symposia, suggesting that one mechanism for achieving gender balance at scientific meetings is to involve more women as conveners.
The influence of criminal facial stereotypes on juridic judgments

In order to further research into the influence of facial stereotypes on juridic judgments, we investigated the influence of face/offence congruency on such judgments, taking into account the strength of the case against the defendant and the maturity and attractiveness attributes of the defendant's face. Each participant (N = 169) read a fictitious case file that: (1) established the defendant's guilt with either a high degree of ambiguity or with a low degree of ambiguity; (2) included a photo of the defendant that was congruent with the offence or not congruent with the offence. Participants were asked to evaluate the defendant's guilt (in a dichotomous manner and on a continuous scale), to state their degree of confidence in their decision, to recommend a sentence, and to rate the attractiveness and maturity of the defendant's face. The results show that participants' judgments were affected by face/offence congruency and that this influence was not dependent on the ambiguity of the case or on the maturity or attractiveness of the face.
Buprenorphine, methadone, and morphine treatment during pregnancy: behavioral effects on the offspring in rats

Methadone and buprenorphine are widely used for treating people with opioid dependence, including pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to opioids has devastating effects on the development of human fetuses and may induce long-term physical and neurobehavioral changes during postnatal maturation. This study aimed at comparing the behavioral outcomes of young rats prenatally exposed to buprenorphine, methadone, and morphine. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered saline, morphine, methadone, and buprenorphine during embryonic days 3–20. The cognitive function, social interaction, anxiety-like behaviors, and locomotor activity of offsprings were examined by novel object recognition test, social interaction test, light–dark transition test, elevated plus-maze, and open-field test between 6 weeks and 10 weeks of age. Prenatal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine did not affect locomotor activity, but significantly impaired novel object recognition and social interaction in both male and female offsprings in the same manner as morphine. Although prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine increased anxiety-like behaviors in the light–dark transition in both male and female offsprings, the effects were less pronounced as compared to that of morphine. Methadone affected elevated plus-maze in both sex, but buprenorphine only affected the female offsprings. These findings suggest that buprenorphine and methadone maintenance therapy for pregnant women, like morphine, produced detrimental effects on cognitive function and social behaviors, whereas the offsprings of such women might have a lower risk of developing anxiety disorders.
Leadership Styles as Predictors of Self-Reported and Observed Workplace Bullying

The connection between leadership or management style, on the one hand, and perceptions of bullying, on the other, has received little attention within bullying research. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between subordinates' ratings of their immediate superiors' behaviours, and both perceived exposure and claims of observations of bullying at work. Based on a sampling process which emphasized randomness and representativeness, the responses from 5288 respondents in Great Britain taking part in a nationwide study on psychosocial issues at work were included in the analysis. Bullying correlated with all four leadership styles measured. Yet, ‘non-contingent punishment’ emerged as the strongest predictor of self-perceived exposure to bullying, while autocratic leadership was the strongest predictor of observed bullying. Hence, while observers particularly associate bullying with autocratic or tyrannical leader behaviour, targets relate bullying more to non-contingent punishment, i.e. an unpredictable style of leadership, where punishment is meted out or delivered on leaders' own terms, independent of the behaviour of subordinates. In addition, laissez-faire leadership emerged as a predictor of self-reported as well as observed bullying. Thus, leadership styles seem to play an important but complex role in the bullying process.
Gender Differences in Cardioprotection against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rat Hearts: Focus on Akt and Protein Kinase C Signaling

Previous studies have reported the sex differences in heart susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanisms are not understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that Akt and protein kinase C (PKC)ϵ play an important role in the sexual dimorphism of heart susceptibility to I/R injury. Isolated hearts from 2-month-old male and female rats were subjected to I/R in the Langendorff preparation. The postischemic recovery of left ventricular function was significantly better, and infarct size was significantly smaller in female (37.1 ± 1.9%) than in male (48.3 ± 2.3%) hearts after 25-min ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway by wortmannin or PKC by chelerythrine chloride before ischemia significantly reduced postischemic recovery and increased infarct size in female but not male hearts. There were no differences in myocardial protein levels of heat shock protein 70, Akt, and PKCϵ, respectively, between male and female rats. However, the ratio of phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt (0.58 ± 0.05 versus 0.22 ± 0.04; P < 0.05) and p-PKCϵ/PKCϵ (0.35 ± 0.03 versus 0.22 ± 0.02; P < 0.05) was significantly higher in female than in male hearts. In addition, there were significant increases in p-Akt and p-PKCϵ levels during reperfusion in female but not in male hearts. The results suggest that increased p-Akt and p-PKCϵ levels in female hearts contribute to the gender-related differences in heart susceptibility to I/R and play an important role in cardioprotection against I/R injury in females.
Police officer acceptance of new innovation: the case of crisis intervention teams

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of officer attitudes toward Crisis Intervention Teams, a new innovation designed to improve police response to people with mental illnesses.Design/methodology/approach – The current study uses data from a larger study of the Chicago Police Department (CPD) Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program. CIT and Non‐CIT officers were surveyed in four districts. To examine the predictors of officer perceptions of crisis intervention teams, OLS regression is used.Findings – Neither CIT nor non‐CIT officers seem to show the kinds of negative views of CIT that have undercut other social welfare based police innovations. Among CIT trained officers, those who had the opportunity to practice their new skills by responding to mental health related calls for service had more positive attitudes toward the program than those who did not.Originality/value – This paper adds to both the Crisis Intervention Team and innovation literatures by examining an important .
Predicting Young American and Chinese Consumers’ Mobile Viral Attitudes, Intents, and Behavior

ABSTRACT Two surveys of college students were conducted in the U.S. and China in 2010 to compare young American and Chinese consumers’ mobile viral attitudes, intents, and behavior. The study integrated the theory of planned behavior, Technology Acceptance Model, and Palka and colleagues’ (2009) model. Structural model testing results confirmed the chain of viral attitude to intent to actual behavior. Subjective norm, behavioral control, perceived pleasure, and cost predicted young American consumers’ viral attitudes while subjective norm and perceived pleasure predicted Chinese viral attitudes. Young American and Chinese consumers’ viral attitudes and perceived utility predicted their intent to forward entertaining messages while their attitudes, perceived utilities, and mavenism predicted their intent to forward useful messages. In both countries, consumers’ viral intents and attitudes predicted their mobile viral behavior. The implications for academic research and industry practice are discussed.
Heart Rate Tracking using Wrist-Type Photoplethysmographic (PPG) Signals during Physical Exercise with Simultaneous Accelerometry

This letter considers the problem of casual heart rate tracking during intensive physical exercise using simultaneous 2 channel photoplethysmographic (PPG) and 3 dimensional (3D) acceleration signals recorded from wrist. This is a challenging problem because the PPG signals recorded from wrist during exercise are contaminated by strong Motion Artifacts (MAs). In this work, a novel algorithm is proposed which consists of two main steps of MA Cancellation and Spectral Analysis. The MA cancellation step cleanses the MA-contaminated PPG signals utilizing the acceleration data and the spectral analysis step estimates a higher resolution spectrum of the signal and selects the spectral peaks corresponding to HR. Experimental results on datasets recorded from 12 subjects during fast running at the peak speed of 15 km/hour showed that the proposed algorithm achieves an average absolute error of 1.25 beat per minute (BPM). These experimental results also confirm that the proposed algorithm keeps high estimation accuracies even in strong MA conditions.
Paradigms, perspectives and dichotomies amongst teacher educators in Hong Kong

This paper argues that the concepts, beliefs and understandings of local and non‐local teacher educators in a Hong Kong university are grounded in their own cultural cognition and antecedents. It presents the viewpoint that contemporary notions of good practice were compromised when applied to a context that is strongly influenced by the tenets of Confucianism. Thus the conclusion is that the contingencies of teaching and learning contexts are sufficiently different to compromise the goal of having pre‐constructed notions of good teaching. The alternative is that university tutors and future researchers re‐conceptualise good teaching practices within a context that gives it meaning and purpose.
Parallelization of unit propagation algorithm for SAT-based ATPG of digital circuits

The recent enhancements in Boolean Satisfiability solving has made SAT solvers a core engine for many real world applications especially for Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) in digital circuits. The majority of solving time is spent on iteratively propagating variable assignments that are inferred by decisions, so the Unit propagation (UP) is the most significant part in the Satisfiability problem. Parallelization of unit propagation in SAT solvers is a compelling way of obtaining an efficient procedure for the propositional satisfiability problem. This paper presents an efficient parallel unit propagation scheme utilizing the NVidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), one of the most popular platforms for GPU computing. The paper presents experiments with two different design approaches and evaluates the results using a C++ algorithm for generating a 3D SAT-based formula of VLSI digital circuits from ISCAS'85 benchmark. The outcomes demonstrate the potential for the Unit Propagation (UP), leading to high execution performance using a simple NVIDIA platform. Both parallel algorithms have achieved speeds of 1.88x and 2.13x correspondingly using ISCAS'85 benchmark in comparison to previously published results.
SCANNING OF RADIAL STRIPS CUT FROM INCREMENT CORES BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides a rapid method for the determination of wood properties of radial strips. The spatial resolution of the NIR measurements has generally been limited to sections 10 mm wide and as a consequence the estimation of wood properties of individual rings or within rings has not been possible. Many different NIR instruments can be used to collect NIR spectra from the surface of radial strips at relatively high spatial resolution and the purpose of this study was to compare wood property calibrations obtained using NIR spectra collected in 5 mm and 2 mm sections with several different NIR instruments. We found that calibrations based on spectra collected in 5 mm sections had good statistics, with those based on the Bruker Vector 22/N spectrometer the strongest. Of the three properties examined (density, microfibril angle and stiffness), density had the weakest statistics. When the spatial resolution was decreased to 2 mm, calibration and prediction statistics were weaker than those at 5 mm. RPDpʼs were relatively low with the highest being 1.76 for predicted stiffness based on NIR spectra obtained using the ASD Field Spec Pro spectrometer. Based on the low RPDp s̓, we conclude that none of the instruments examined were suitable for scanning radial strips at a spatial resolution of 2 mm.
Gender, emotional labour and teamworking in a call centre

This article examines teamworking in a call centre and how this is shaped for the employees by an increase in technical control, the dynamics of emotional labour and gender politics. The research is based on a case study of call centre work organisation in different sectors, and this paper draws specifically on ethnographic research on two teams and their managers in broadcasting. Drawing on theoretical insights, it suggests that teamworking results in a fundamental contradiction involving a “soft” discourse versus a regime of increasing managerial control. Participation is measured against Thompson and Wallace’s three‐dimensional notion of participation, showing that employees have little discretion over the way work is organised. The normative aspect of team organisation accommodates managerial coping strategies in conditions of staff shortage via numerical flexibility. However, management’s efforts to disguise control are resisted by employees who transform workplace discourses into an oppositional politics, shattering the illusion of unity promoted by the pundits of team organisation.
The role of fundamental frequency and formants in voice gender identification

Abstract Purpose The present study examined how fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequencies contribute to the identification of gender. Method Speech stimuli were synthesized from recorded voices of men and women using a formant scaling factor of 1.2 and F0 range of 100–250 Hz. Listeners who were native speakers of Cantonese were instructed to judge the perceived gender of the voice stimuli. Percent-correct gender identification of male and female stimuli at different F0–formant combinations was obtained. Results F0 was found to be the primary cue for gender perception and listeners showed a higher accuracy in identifying male's than female's voices. Conclusions The findings are consistent with results previously reported, although other acoustic cues such as voice quality may also affect gender perception.
Preterite had +V- ed : A Developmental Narrative Structure of African American English

��� In this study, we examined the use of had + V-ed in the language samples of four- and six-year-old children using the framework of Rickford and Rafal (1996). Specifically, we asked whether children who speak African American English (AAE) used had + V-ed to refer to simple past tense within narratives. Based on language samples from 93 children (40 speakers of AAE and 53 speakers of a rural version of Southern White English [SWE]), our results were consistent with Rickford and Rafal’s claims. About half of the AAE speakers (and none of the SWE speakers) produced had + V-ed as a preterite, and these forms frequently occurred in the complicating action clauses of narratives. The AAE speakers’ use of preterite had + V-ed also increased with age and was directly related to narrative skill. Among the highly proficient child narrators in this study, the six-yearold who produced the greatest number of complex narrative sequences also provided the most tokens of preterite had + V-ed. One of her narratives, containing 4 occurrences of preterite had + V-ed, appears in (1). 1. a. My mama, she was about to go to Bible study, b. and on the way back there, her car had stopped. c. And then she had called the house because somebody let her use the phone. d. And then she had called the house, e. and then I said, “Hello. Who’s this? ” f. And then my mama said, “It’s your mama. Let me talk to your daddy. ” g. And then she had told my daddy to come with us and bring a big rope so they could pull the car home. h. So, we got a new car. In 1996 Rickford and Rafal presented 52 occurrences of had + V-ed that were used in an unexpected preterite sense by nine African American
Cramming, active procrastination, and academic achievement

The purpose in this study was to examine whether or not the effect of active procrastination on academic achievement is significantly different according to how long before the examination students begin cramming and whether or not active procrastinators get a better grade than passive procrastinators when they begin to cram the day before an examination. The data were collected from 172 Korean undergraduates. The results show that there was no significant difference in academic achievement among the 3 groups of active procrastinators in terms of how much cramming they did, but there was a significant difference in academic achievement between active procrastinators and passive procrastinators in the group who began cramming only 1 day or less before the examination. The implications of this study are discussed.
Older Adults' Preferences for Age and Sex of a Therapist

This study compared the Age Matching (Gatz et al., 1985) and Social Comparison (Suls & Miller, 1977; Hayslip et al., 1989) hypotheses as factors associated with elderly persons preferences for age of therapist. This study also investigated older adults' preferences for sex of therapist. Thirty males and 30 females aged 60 and over read and listened to the script of a segment of a simulated therapy session with an elderly male or female client, corresponding to their own sex, who was experiencing distress over a family problem. They rated pictures depicting younger and older male and female therapists, matched on attractiveness and likability and equated for competency, as to their therapist preference. Respondents preferred older to younger therapists. Females preferred female therapists; males expressed no significant preference. Age Matching statements appeared to have explanatory power in choice of older therapist. The Social Comparison hypothesis could not be adequately tested due to the scale's limit.
Democratic leadership: drawing distinctions with distributed leadership

This article delineates the distinctiveness of democratic leadership in comparison with distributed leadership. The impetus for the exercise arises from the escalating interest in distributed leadership within the field of leadership and organizational studies. More particularly, this article addresses the danger that the idea of democratic leadership may be eclipsed or colonized by discourses on distributed leadership. A view of democracy is developed in which particular attention is given to critical theoretical roots in Marx's notion of alienation and the pervasive power of Weberian instrumental rationality. The article builds on theoretical modelling by the author (Woods 2003) of a type of governance (organic governance) in which democratic rationalities are an infusing and challenging feature. Two of the rationalities give to democratic agency its distinctiveness – namely, decisional and ethical rationality. The latter is discussed more fully, as it tends to be given least explicit attention in much literature on democracy. Essential to democracy is the recognition – and, today, the reassertion – that advancing truth is worthwhile, social and possible. Ethical rationality, linked in with the other democratic rationalities, requires, inter alia, creative spaces in a dynamic organizational structure that allows for movement between tighter and looser structural frameworks; a recombination of creative human capacities which overcomes the tension between instrumentally‐rational and affective capacities; and open boundaries of participation. Implications for understanding democratic leadership are highlighted in the discussion.
Factors influencing IDU and non-IDU female commercial sex workers' intentions to always use condoms for vaginal sex with their regular partner

This paper discusses the factors influencing female commercial sex workers' (N = 172) intentions to use condoms with their regular partners during vaginal sex. While 73 of these women were at risk for HIV/STD transmission and acquisition primarily because of their commercial sex work (CSWonly), 99 were at risk because of both commercial sex work and injecting drug use (CSWs/IDUs). For CSWs/IDUs, attitudes (beta = 0.42), partner norm (beta = 0.24) and the mean of the weighted control beliefs (beta = 0.23) were significant independent predictors of intention R = 0.77). Although attitude (beta = 0.43) and partner norm (beta = 0.28) were also significant independent predictors of intention among CSWonly, they were not concerned with control issues, but instead considered the normative proscriptions of their most important others (i.e. the subjective norm; beta = 0.22; R = 0.74). For both CSWonly and CSWs/IDUs, the behavioural belief that using condoms makes you more relaxed, and the normative belief (or partner norm) that your main partner thinks you should or should not use condoms were identified as critical targets for an intervention. In addition, for CSWs/IDUs the control belief concerning the partners' openness to condom use was also identified as a critical target for an intervention.