Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Miniaturized UHF Antennas for Partial Discharge Detection in High-Voltage Electrical Equipment

Detecting partial discharge (PD) is an effective way to evaluate the condition of high-voltage electrical equipment insulation. The UHF detection method has attracted attention due to its high sensitivity, strong interference resistance, and ability to locate PDs. In this paper, a miniaturized equiangular spiral antenna (ESA) for UHF detection that uses a printed circuit board is proposed. I-shaped, L-shaped, and C-shaped microstrip baluns were designed to match the impedance between the ESA and coaxial cable and were verified by a vector network analyzer. For comparison, three other types of UHF antenna were also designed: A microstrip patch antenna, a microstrip slot antenna, and a printed dipole antenna. Their antenna factors were calibrated in a uniform electric field of different frequencies modulated in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. We performed comparison experiments on PD signal detection using an artificial defect model based on the international IEC 60270 standard. We also conducted time-delay test experiments on the ESA sensor to locate a PD source. It was found that the proposed ESA sensor meets PD signal detection requirements. The sensor’s compact size makes it suitable for internal installation in high-voltage electrical equipment.
Trends in Firearm-Related Deaths in the Transkei Region of South Africa

Background:Firearms tends to be seen today as instrumental in injuries and deaths, including suicide. South Africa's gun law allows firearms to be licensed and legal, so in general they are not illegal weapons, even though many used in violence are illegal. This is a prime area in which multisectorial collaboration is needed in a country like South Africa. Objective:The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of firearm-related deaths and to understand the underlying causative factors. Method:This is a record review of 10,860 medicolegal autopsies conducted between 1993 and 2004 at Umtata General Hospital. Results:Between 1993 and 2004, there were10,860 autopsies performed of those who died as a result of trauma and others in Umtata General Hospital. The average gunshot-related deaths during this period are 48.4 per 100,000 of the population per year. The rate has increased from 27 per 100,000 in 1993 to 42 per 100,000 in 2004. It was climbed to its peak to 67.8 per 100,000 in 2001. Firearm-related deaths account for 29% of all traumatic deaths. Males (82%) outnumber females 4.6:1 in fatalities due to firearms. There is an increasing trend in females. About 50% were in the 21- to 40-year age group. Interpersonal violence, poverty, and use of drugs and alcohol are common underlying factors. Conclusion:There is a high incidence of firearm-related deaths in Transkei, which is in support of stricter gun control.
Effects of E-Service Process Presentations on Customer Readiness and Adoption

Despite the potential advantages, customers sometimes are not ready to embrace new eservice because of insufficient understanding. E-service process presentations may facilitate customer learning; however, no scientific investigation has attempted to explore the effectiveness of such presentations in customer education and e-service adoption. Thus, this study intends to fill the research gap by investigating how e-service process presentations influence customer readiness and trial intention. Based on the stimulus-organism-response framework, we develop a theoretical model and propose customers’ perceptions of readiness as the antecedents for trial intention. By applying the cognitive load theory, the effects of different presentation formats on customer readiness are hypothesized. The contingent effect caused by customers’ levels of expertise is also studied. An experiment will be conducted to test the hypotheses. This study is expected to have both theoretical and practical implications.
THE OBSERVATION OF PARTICIPATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC ETHNOGRAPHY

Participant observation was created during the late 19th century as an ethnographic field method for the study of small, homogeneous cultures. Ethnographers were expected to live in a society for an extended period of time (2 years, ideally), actively participate in the daily life of its members, and carefully observe their joys and sufferings as a way of obtaining material for social scientific study. This method was widely believed to produce documentary information that not only was “true” but also reflected the native’s own point of view about reality. 1 The privileging of participant observation as a scientific method encouraged ethnographers to demonstrate their observational skills in scholarly monographs and their social participation in personal memoirs. This dualistic approach split public (monographs) from private (memoirs) and objective (ethnographic) from subjective (autobiographical) realms of experience. The opposition created what seems, from a 21st-century perspective, not only improbable but also morally suspect. 2 More recently, ethnographers have modified participant observation by undertaking “the observation of participation” (B. Tedlock, 1991, 2000). During this activity, they reflect on and critically engage with their own participation within the ethnographic frame. A new genre, known as “autoethnography,” emerged from this practice. Authors working in the genre attempt to heal the split between public and private realms by connecting the autobiographical impulse (the gaze inward) with
Culture Shapes How We Look at Faces

Background Face processing, amongst many basic visual skills, is thought to be invariant across all humans. From as early as 1965, studies of eye movements have consistently revealed a systematic triangular sequence of fixations over the eyes and the mouth, suggesting that faces elicit a universal, biologically-determined information extraction pattern. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we monitored the eye movements of Western Caucasian and East Asian observers while they learned, recognized, and categorized by race Western Caucasian and East Asian faces. Western Caucasian observers reproduced a scattered triangular pattern of fixations for faces of both races and across tasks. Contrary to intuition, East Asian observers focused more on the central region of the face. Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrate that face processing can no longer be considered as arising from a universal series of perceptual events. The strategy employed to extract visual information from faces differs across cultures.
Automated Process Adaptation in Cyber-Physical Domains with the SmartPM System (Short Paper)

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) refer to a new generation of embedded ICT systems (PCs, smartphones, sensors, actuators, etc.) that are interconnected and collaborating to provide users with a wide range of innovative applications and services. Many application domains, e.g., Emergency management, factories of the future, personalized healthcare, just to name a few, require the definition, design and development of systems able to carry out complex processes that coordinate the services offered by the CPS in the "physical" real world. The physical world, however, is not entirely predictable, and such processes must be robust to unexpected conditions and adaptable to unanticipated exceptions. This demands a more flexible approach in process design and enactment, recognizing that in real-world environments it is not adequate to assume that all possible recovery activities can be predefined for dealing with the exceptions that can ensue. In this paper, we tackle the above issue and we propose an approach and a process management system implementation, called SmartPM, for automatically adapting processes enacted in cyber-physical domains in case of unanticipated exceptions and exogenous events.
The Effect of Spectacle Lenses Containing Peripheral Defocus on Refractive Error and Horizontal Eye Shape in the Guinea Pig

Purpose It has been proposed that the peripheral retina, responding to local optical defocus, contributes to myopia and associated altered eye growth in humans. To test this hypothesis, we measured the changes in central (on-axis) and peripheral ocular dimensions in guinea pigs wearing a concentric bifocal spectacle lens design with power restricted to the periphery. Methods Five groups of guinea pigs (n = 83) wore either a unifocal (UF) spectacle lens (−4, 0, or +4 Diopters [D]), or a peripheral defocus (PF) spectacle lens that had a plano center (diameter of 5 mm) with either −4 or +4 D in the surround (−4/0 or +4/0 D). The overall optical diameter of all lenses was 12 mm. Lenses were worn over one eye from 8 to 18 days of age for negative and plano lenses, or from 8 to 22 days of age for positive lenses. Refractive error was measured centrally and 30° off-axis in the temporal and nasal retina. The shape of the eye was analyzed from images of sectioned eyes. Results Lenses of −4 D UF induced myopia, reflecting enhanced ocular elongation, which was centered on the optic nerve head and included the surrounding peripapillary zone (PPZ, 18° in diameter). Some ocular expansion, including within the PPZ, also was recorded with −4/0 and +4/0 D PF lenses while the +4 D UF lens inhibited rather than enhanced elongation, centrally and peripherally. Conclusions Peripheral defocus-induced ocular expansion encompasses the PPZ, irrespective of the sign of the inducing defocus. Understanding the underlying mechanism potentially has important implications for designing multifocal lenses for controlling myopia in humans and also potentially for understanding the link between myopia and glaucoma.
The supersymmetric tensor hierarchy of N=1,d=4 supergravity

In this paper we construct the supersymmetric tensor hierarchy of N = 1, d = 4 supergravity. We find some differences with the general bosonic construction of 4-dimensional gauged supergravities. The global symmetry group of N = 1, d = 4 supergravity consists of three factors: the scalar manifold isometry group, the invariance group of the complex vector kinetic matrix and the U(1) R-symmetry group. In contrast to (half)-maximal supergravities, the latter two symmetries are not embedded into the isometry group of the scalar manifold. We identify some components of the embedding tensor with Fayet-Iliopoulos terms and we find that supersymmetry implies that the inclusion of R-symmetry as a factor of the global symmetry group requires a non-trivial extension of the standard p-form hierarchy. This extension involves additional 3- and 4-forms. One additional 3-form is dual to the superpotential (seen as a deformation of the simplest theory). We study the closure of the supersymmetry algebra on all the bosonic p-form fields of the hierarchy up to duality relations. In order to close the supersymmetry algebra without the use of duality relations one must construct the hierarchy in terms of supermultiplets. Such a construction requires fermionic duality relations among the hierarchy's fermions and these turn out to be local.
A Near-Infrared, Wide-Field, Proper-Motion Search for Brown Dwarfs

A common proper-motion survey of M dwarf stars within 8 pc of the Sun reveals no new stellar or brown dwarf companions at wide separations (∼100–1400 AU). This survey tests whether the brown dwarf "desert" extends to large separations around M dwarf stars and further explores the census of the solar neighborhood. The sample includes 66 stars north of -30° and within 8 pc of the Sun. Existing first-epoch images are compared with new J-band images of the same fields an average of 7 yr later to reveal proper-motion companions within a ∼4′ radius of the primary star. No new companions are detected to a J-band limiting magnitude of ∼16.5, corresponding to a companion mass of ∼40 Jupiter masses for an assumed age of 5 Gyr at the mean distance of the objects in the survey, 5.8 pc.
Double insemination and gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment of repeat-breeding dairy cattle.

Our objective was to determine if double inseminations during the same estrous period of dairy cattle eligible for their third or fourth service (repeat breeders) would improve pregnancy rates equivalent to injections of GnRH given at the time of AI. Repeat-breeding, lactating cows from six herds (five herds in the San Joaquin Valley of central California and one herd in northeast Kansas) were assigned randomly to four treatment groups when detected in estrus: 1) single AI plus no injection, 2) single AI plus 100 micrograms GnRH at AI, 3) double AI plus no injection, or 4) double AI plus 100 micrograms of GnRH at AI. Inseminations were performed according to the a.m.-p.m. rule. The second AI for the double AI treatment was given 12 to 16 h after the first AI. Injections of GnRH were given intramuscularly immediately following the single AI or the first AI of the double AI. Pregnancy rates of cows given a single AI and hormone injection were numerically higher in all six herds than those of their herdmates given only a single AI. In five of six herds, the pregnancy rates of cows given a double AI and hormone injection were numerically higher than pregnancy rates of their herdmates given only a double AI. Overall pregnancy rates for the four treatments were 1) 112/353 (32.1%), 2) 165/406 (41.6%), 3) 119/364 (33.5%), and 4) 135/359 (37.5%). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone increased pregnancy rates of repeat breeders compared with controls given only a single AI. No further benefit beyond the single AI was accrued from the double AI treatment, with or without concurrent hormone administration.
Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II for Chinese College Students and Elite Chinese Athletes

The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II) across two samples of Chinese college students (n = 183 and n = 366) and a sample of elite Chinese athletes (n = 330). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the existence of a unidimensional AAQ-II. Adequate internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability (one-month interval), factorial validity, and nomological validity with mindfulness, well-being, positive and negative affect/mood for both students and athletic samples were demonstrated. The AAQ-II also showed incremental validity in college students in explaining variances of well-being, positive and negative affect, anxiety, and depression, beyond the mindfulness measure. Most important, factorial invariance of the AAQ-II was demonstrated across male and female college students as well as across male and female athletes. Partial factorial invariance was also demonstrated across adolescent and adult athletes. Overall, results of this study suggest that the Chinese version of the AAQ-II may be a useful self-report measure of experiential avoidance in Chinese college students and elite Chinese athletes.
Adult Antisocial Behaviour without Conduct Disorder: Demographic Characteristics and Risk for Cooccurring Psychopathology

Objective: Several studies note people who demonstrate adult antisocial behaviour (AAB) in the absence of conduct disorder (CD) before age 15 years. Perhaps because they do not meet diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), this group of people exhibiting late-onset AAB has been underrecognized and understudied. Thus the goal of this study was to examine the demographic features and patterns of cooccurring psychopathology of people exhibiting late-onset antisocial behaviour (AB; AAB but not CD), compared with people suffering from ASPD (CD and AAB), people suffering from CD but not AAB, and members of a nonantisocial control group. Method: This study used the population-based sample of the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). The demographic features examined were sex, percentage living in poverty, annual income, and years of formal education. The possibly cooccurring diagnoses examined were alcohol abuse and dependence, drug abuse and dependence, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, simple phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Results: About 2.3% of participants exhibited AAB but not CD. These individuals had patterns of demographic characteristics and cooccurring psychiatric disorders quite similar to those of people diagnosed with full ASPD. Conclusion: Individuals who demonstrate this pattern of late-onset AB are at levels of risk comparable to those of individuals suffering from ASPD; therefore, they are equally in need of research and clinical attention.
A Deep Generative Framework for Paraphrase Generation

Paraphrase generation is an important problem in NLP, especially in question answering, information retrieval, information extraction, conversation systems, to name a few. In this paper, we address the problem of generating paraphrases automatically. Our proposed method is based on a combination of deep generative models (VAE) with sequence-to-sequence models (LSTM) to generate paraphrases, given an input sentence. Traditional VAEs when combined with recurrent neural networks can generate free text but they are not suitable for paraphrase generation for a given sentence. We address this problem by conditioning the both, encoder and decoder sides of VAE, on the original sentence, so that it can generate the given sentence's paraphrases. Unlike most existing models, our model is simple, modular and can generate multiple paraphrases, for a given sentence. Quantitative evaluation of the proposed method on a benchmark paraphrase dataset demonstrates its efficacy, and its performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin, whereas qualitative human evaluation indicate that the generated paraphrases are well-formed, grammatically correct, and are relevant to the input sentence. Furthermore, we evaluate our method on a newly released question paraphrase dataset, and establish a new baseline for future research.
Testing Black ’ s CAPM with possibly non-Gaussian errors : an exact identification-robust simulation-based approach ∗

In this paper we test the mean variance efficiency of the benchmark portfolio in the absence of a risk-free rate. We propose exact likelihood-based bound mean-variance efficiency tests of the market portfolio, allowing for a wide class of elliptical error distributions. Our tests are developed using multivariate linear regressions (MLR). It is well known that despite their simple statistical structure, standard asymptotically justified MLR-based tests are unreliable. In this context, exact bounds tests have been proposed which depend on normality [Shanken (Journal of Financial Economics, 1986), Zhou (Journal of Finance, 1991), Zhou (Journal of Empirical Finance, 1995) and Velu and Zhou (Journal of Empirical Finance, 1999)]. We propose extensions of Shanken’s bound which are provably valid with non-Gaussian disturbance distributions. We also suggest a general method which yields tighter bounds in both Gaussian and non-Gaussian cases. Our framework allows one to cast more evidence on whether the normality assumption is too restrictive when testing for the mean variance efficiency of the benchmark portfolio when the riskless rate is unobservable. We provide estimates forγ, the zero beta rate, over each time subperiod as well as an Fieller-type exact confidence intervals for this rate. We show using a small scale simulation study that our exact confidence set for the zero beta rate provides a major improvement over previous measures, with obvious implications for financial applications of the model. The methods proposed are applied to monthly returns on 12 portfolios of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) firms over the period 1925-1995 divided in five-year subperiods. The results obtained show the following: (i) multivariate normality is rejected in most subperiods, (ii) multivariate residual checks reveal no significant departures from the i.i. d. assumption, (iii) the exact confidence sets for the zero beta rate are very different from the asymptotic one, and (iv) mean variance efficiency of the benchmark portfolio is not rejected as frequently once we allow for the possibility of non-normal errors.
Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibody against Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Using Recombinant Protein of the Precursor of the Major Core Protein, p55gag

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by using recombinant Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) p55gag antigen (rELISA), an indirect ELISA by using whole CAEV (wELISA), and Western blot analysis by using the recombinant p55gag antigen (rWB) were developed for detection of CAEV-specific antibodies in goats. Seven hundred and forty-five sera from goats were tested by rELISA, wELISA, rWB, and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), and the results were compared with those of WB analysis by using the whole CAEV antigen (wWB). The AGID test and rWB had similar sensitivities of 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]) and 93% (95% CI), respectively, and similar specificities of 96.0% (95% CI) and 96.3% (95% CI), respectively, compared with wWB. The wELISA had substantially lower sensitivity (80.4%) and specificity (78.0%) compared with wWB, and rELISA had the lowest sensitivity (78.2%) and specificity (61.1%) compared with wWB. The lack of adequate sensitivity and specificity for rELISA and wELISA suggests that these assays need considerable modification. However, the results for rWB show that this assay has excellent agreement with wWB and that it can be used as a confirmatory test for the presence of anti-CAEV antibodies.
ALLOTYPE SUPPRESSION IN THE RABBIT

The ability to distinguish immunoglobulin (Ig) of paternal allotype both on lymphocyte membranes and in the serum of neonatal b 4 b 5 heterozygous rabbits has allowed us to study the postnatal ontogeny of cells bearing endogenously synthesized Ig that could not have been derived from the mother. In normal b 4 b 5 rabbits, such endogenously synthesized Ig of paternal allotype is present on the membranes of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes from birth, but does not appear as detectable circulating Ig until ∼2 wk of age. In the neonate, cells bearing the paternal allotype are potential targets for the induction of chronic allotype suppression. Within 24 h of exposure to anti-allotype antisera in vivo, Ig of the suppressed paternal allotype is no longer detectable on the surface of neonatal lymphoid cells. Further, this lymphocyte membrane Ig is eliminated and not simply masked by the suppressing antibodies. Finally, cells bearing the suppressed allotype are deleted from all lymphoid organs for the duration of total allotype suppression, and reappear first in bone marrow and peripheral blood at the time of spontaneous escape from suppression.