Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Essay Scoring Using Bayes' Theorem

Two Bayesian models for text classification from the information science field were extended and applied to student produced essays. Both models were calibrated using 462 essays with two score points. The calibrated systems were applied to 80 new, pre-scored essays with 40 essays in each score group. Manipulated variables included the two models; the use of words, phrases and arguments; two approaches to trimming; stemming; and the use of stopwords. While the text classification literature suggests the need to calibrate on thousands of cases per score group, accuracy of over 80% was achieved with the sparse dataset used in this study.
Information as an Economic Resource: The Role of Public Libraries in Nigeria

The development of a country depends greatly on how much information its citizenry are exposed to. Information is so crucial that it has been recognized as the fifth factor of production. Information has no substitute when it comes to the national development because it has been identified as the driver of economic growth and productivity. The paper discussed the roles of public libraries in Nigeria and also examined various ways in which public libraries can help curb unemployment among youths by providing them with timely and accurate information. It concluded that public libraries should identify themselves with the aspiration of economic development of the country.
When I go in to wake them hellip; I wonder: Parental perceptions about congenital long QT syndrome

Purpose: Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) affects an estimated 1 in 5000 persons, is characterized by QT interval prolongation, and has a clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic longevity to sudden death in the young as the initial event. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of parents who have a child or children with LQTS. Information from parents of children with this diagnosis can provide insight to healthcare providers who care for these families. Data sources: The literature reveals that very little is known about the psychosocial aspects of this potential sudden death syndrome. This was a secondary analysis of a 2002 qualitative phenomenological primary study done to explore fear of death and quality of life for 58 patients with LQTS. The secondary study analyzed responses derived from 31 parents of children with LQTS. Conclusions: We speculated this far‐reaching clinical spectrum would arouse fear and uncertainty for a parent of a child with LQTS. Results of the study revealed that parents with young children described fear of their children dying and strategies they used to manage their fear, as well as frustrations about lack of knowledge of LQTS among healthcare providers. When the diagnosis of LQTS is established during adolescence, the impact on the lives of children and their families is more significant. Implications for practice: In order to support families experiencing the stress of living daily with someone with LQTS, healthcare providers including nurse practitioners need a better understanding of the symptoms, diagnosis, management, and lifestyle implications of LQTS. Further studies are needed to understand the long‐term psychosocial effects of children on beta‐blockers, children with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and children, adolescents, and young adults who survive a sudden death event.
Budget allocation under uncertainty and the costs of war and insecurity

This study presents a framework and models for the analysis of government budget allocation into defense and civilian expenditures in situations of uncertainty about the incidence of war. The models display the intricate relationships between security levels, subjective probabilities of the occurrence of war, and potential war damages. We show that poor countries tend to perceive greater probabilities of war than their richer rivals, and that the psychological burden of insecurity is larger when the country’s wealth is larger and when its preference for security is higher. We apply our models to the Israeli–Syrian arms race and show that the higher rate of growth of Israel’s gross domestic product relative to that of Syria is expected to lead to an increase in Syria’s perception of the likelihood of war and to a decrease in Israel’s perception of such a likelihood. We also show that if Syria’s regime becomes ideologically more extreme, the monetary cost of maintaining Israel’s security at the level that it enjoyed prior to the change will be very high, whereas the monetary cost of maintaining Israel’s welfare will be moderate.
Identification with leader

Geographically dispersed teams have become common in many industries and organizations. Yet previous research on distanced leadership often is done from the perspective of the leader, not the team members. This study examines identification with team leader among distanced and proximate employees in geographically dispersed teams. Through survey research, the study examines the relationship between members' identification with their team leader and four other relevant variables – trust, isolation, accessibility, and information equity. Specifically, the study finds that identification and trust are closely related constructs in both distanced and proximate settings; that perceived isolation is inversely related with leader identification in proximate settings, but not in distanced ones; that accessibility is positively related to identification with leader in both distanced and proximate settings; and that perceived information equity is positively related with leader identification in distanced and proximate settings. Implications for leadership in distanced settings are discussed.
Conclusion: The Dynamics of Reform in Morocco

The reforms that Morocco has undertaken in various sectors constitute an identifiable programme. Beginning with political reforms in the 1990s, reforms have expanded into a broader range of fields. The model for these reforms is clearly a Western, especially European one. Actors within the kingdom have pushed for reforms but their progress owes much to external pressure and a desire on the part of the Moroccan authorities to project a moderate and progressive image in Western countries. Resistance to aspects of these reforms has, however, come from within the regime, which wishes to preserve the political powers of the monarchy and also from elements within Moroccan society anxious about fundamental changes to national and cultural identity. The reform process in Morocco remains a dynamic process and in this way contrasts to the stasis found in nearly all other southern Mediterranean countries.
Voluntary web‐based disclosures by Moroccan and Tunisian companies

Purpose – Company disclosures on the web are a useful tool to promote the efficiency of financial markets. Moreover, they can be a source of strategic financial communication. The objective of the study reported in this paper is to make an inventory of the information published on the web sites of companies listed in the Moroccan and Tunisian stock exchanges, and to compare the practices of those companies with those of their European counterparts. The study also seeks to identify the determinants of these disclosures.Design/methodology/approach – The study develops a composite scale to measure the quality of web site disclosures. This scale is used to score the web sites of the top 91 companies listed on the Casablanca and Tunis stock exchanges in 2007. The quality of those web sites is compared with the quality of some web sites of European companies. A number of hypotheses relating to the determinants of web site quality are then tested using linear modeling techniques.Findings – Two thirds of the firm.
Developing an Appropriate Icon Set for a Mandarin Chinese Augmentative Communication System

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technology for the speech-impaired has been successfully implemented in America and Europe using semantic compaction theory, combined with multi-meaning icons, to create a natural language representation paired with a speech synthesizer. Analogous technology is now under development for Mandarin Chinese (MC) speaking users. Any effective AAC device using semantic compaction must have a well-designed keyboard, or overlay, for access to the stored language. The design of this overlay comprises several icon design steps, including grammar representation, polysemous (multi-meaning) icons, and culture-specific revisions. When completed, the overlay for a Mandarin AAC system should be both derived from the successful systems of the past, and uniquely optimized for Chinese speakers.
The origins of the economy : a comparative study of distribution in primitive and peasant economies

become marginal, and this corroborated his theory. His first example of a 'postindustrial' theorist was FoucaultF ! ) It is surprising that a book on French sociology can avoid reference to the influence of academic Marxism and structuralism of 1968 to the present. Whether onewants to call it postindustrial society or late capitalism, the sphere of production has become less important. Not just Foucault, but French Marxists withdrew attention from production and examined knowledge, the state, culture and laws. And this has been absolutely central in the development of academic sociology. To wit, who are the most widely known junior associates of Touraine in Britain today? Not Claude Durand, but Marxist urbanist M. Castells and the PCF'sJean Lojkine. Equally, in a book in partconcerned with labour process theories, how can the work of Christian Palloix whose Proces de production et crise du capitalism is by far the most sophisticated macro-theoretical treatment of the labour process, be omitted ? Despite these drawbacks, Rose's book is worth reading. Both for the interesting information provided, and the beginnings of a model for a sociology of knowledge as applied to industrial sociology. Scott M. Lash University of Lancaster
Australian employment patterns and course participation preferences of accounting students

The relationship between the employment patterns of undergraduate accounting students studying at a regional Australian university and students’ course participation preferences is investigated in this study. The employment patterns which proxy students’ socio-economic circumstances and their patterns of study are documented to discern course delivery strategies needed to better attract future accounting students, given the current shortage of qualified professional practitioners. A pilot study surveyed third year accounting students. There was no significant relationship found between participation in courses and employment patterns. However, significantly students who worked irregular hours achieved greater positive academic outcome. Other findings identify a preference for internet based learning, and employer requirements as a barrier to university attendance. The implications of this are the need for increased resources for internet delivered materials and infrastructure, a rethink of the form and relevance of contemporary accounting instruction materials, and the requisite changes to academic workplace tasks. This study uniquely contributes to an understanding of Australian employment patterns and the course participation preferences of accounting students.
Optimum replications and crop-years for sugarcane genotype trials at Dwangwa Sugar Estate in Malawi

The ability to detect significant differences among genotypes in trials depends on the variance associated with the means. Dwangwa Sugar Estate, Malawi, imports genotypes from the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) to test for possible commercial release. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum number of replications and crop-years required for adequate discriminating ability for yield and quality parameters. Data for yield (cane and sugar) and quality (estimable recoverable crystal [ERC %] and fibre %) were collected from two trial series. Each trial had eight replications and was harvested in the plant and four ratoon crops. The data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to estimate the variance components used to calculate broad-sense heritabilities (BSH). The optimum number of replications and crop-years was modeled using BSH. Yield traits produced more significant variance components for genotype by environment interaction (G×E) than quality traits. Quality traits produced larger BSH than yield traits. Four replications and harvesting in the plant and three ratoon crops provided adequate discriminating ability among genotypes. The resources saved by reducing replications could be used to plant more trials on different soil types to exploit or minimise G×E.
Electrode Placement, Stimulus Dosing and Seizure Monitoring during ECT

Electroconvulsive therapy is one of the most useful, safe and predictable treatment modalities in psychiatry. For optimal results proper application of the procedure is essential. Over the years the procedure has undergone considerable refinement, yet not all those who administer the treatment are fully conversant with this. This paper addresses issues relating to electrode placement, stimulus dosing and seizure monitoring from practical and clinical points of view. Right unilateral ECT, if administered with high electrical stimulus, produces results close to bilateral treatment with substantially less cognitive impairment. However, certain patients may only respond to bilateral ECT. Adequate training for clinicians administering ECT is recommended.
Effects of adenosine–induced hypotension on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the pig

The cerebral and systemic effects of hypotension induced by adenosine (0.61 0.07 mg–kg‐1 –min‐1) were studied in eight pigs anesthetized with droperidol, phenoperidine and nitrous oxide. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was reduced by 58%, from 17.2 kPa (128 mmHg) to 6.9 kPa (53 mmHg) during a 30–min period. The hypotension was caused by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (58%) while the cardiac output was unaffected. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), as determined by microsphere distribution, and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) remained unchanged. Cerebral vascular resistance decreased by 61%. There were no signs of cerebral lactate release. After discontinuation of adenosine infusion, the MABP returned to control levels within 5 min. Thirty minutes later the CBF was increased by approximately 60%, in comparison to the control, while the CMRo2 was unchanged. It is concluded that adenosine–induced hypotension in pigs is associated with preserved CBF and CMRo2, whereas cerebral hyperperfusion is present in the early post–hypotensive period.
Executive Stock Option Plans and Corporate Dividend Policy

Abstract This paper examines the association between the initialadoption of stock options for senior-level executives and subsequent changes in corporate dividend policy. The primary research hypothesis is that the addition of a stock option to a manager's compensation package provides an incentive for the executive to reduce corporate dividends. This hypothesis follows from the observation that executive stock options are generally not “dividend protected. ” The results suggest that dividends are reduced relative to expected dividends. We interpret these results as suggesting that the personal incentives of executives can affect certain aspects of the observed corporate dividend policy.
Body mass index and physical activity in relation to the incidence of hip fracture in postmenopausal women

Hip fracture risk is known to increase with physical inactivity and decrease with obesity, but there is little information on their combined effects. We report on the separate and combined effects of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity on hospital admissions for hip fracture among postmenopausal women in a large prospective UK study. Baseline information on body size, physical activity, and other relevant factors was collected in 1996–2001, and participants were followed for incident hip fractures by record linkage to National Health Service (NHS) hospital admission data. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks of hip fracture. Among 925,345 postmenopausal women followed for an average of 6.2 years, 2582 were admitted to hospital with an incident hip fracture. Hip fracture risk increased with decreasing BMI: Compared with obese women (BMI of 30+ kg/m2), relative risks were 1.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–1.97)] for BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 and 2.55 (95% CI 2.22–2.94) for BMI of 20.0 to 24.9 kg/m2. The increase in fracture risk per unit decrease in BMI was significantly greater among lean women than among overweight women (p < .001). For women in every category of BMI, physical inactivity was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. There was no significant interaction between the relative effects of BMI and physical activity. For women who reported that they took any exercise versus no exercise, the adjusted relative risk of hip fracture was 0.68 (95% CI 0.62–0.75), with similar results for strenuous exercise. In this large cohort of postmenopausal women, BMI and physical activity had independent effects on hip fracture risk. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Is the Collection of Interviewer Observations Worthwhile in an Economic Panel Survey? New Evidence from the German Labor Market and Social Security (PASS) Study

Although interviewer observations have potential as auxiliary sources of information on key survey variables, questions about their quality temper enthusiasm for their use in survey estimation and responsive survey design. This study considers the utility of two interviewer observations (household income and household receipt of unemployment benefits) collected in a panel survey: the German Labor Market and Social Security (PASS) study. We find that the ability of the interviewer observations to accurately identify these household features is not as high as that of prior-wave survey reports on these features, but the observations do tend to capture accurate information for households with changing socioeconomic status over time (where prior-wave reports may be inconsistent with current-wave reports). The observations add modest predictive power to models for key survey variables that also include survey reports on related variables in prior waves, but this predictive power may be limited by relatively high error rates and variance in observation quality among interviewers. Finally, estimates based on panel households only improve slightly when including the observations in nonresponse adjustments, which is likely due to the inability of the observations to predict response propensity (given a relatively low attrition rate for the panel households). Implications for practice and directions for future research in this area are discussed in conclusion.
On the Bipartite Consensus for Generic Linear Multiagent Systems With Input Saturation

The bipartite consensus problem for a group of homogeneous generic linear agents with input saturation under directed interaction topology is examined. It is established that if each agent is asymptotically null controllable with bounded controls and the interaction topology described by a signed digraph is structurally balanced and contains a spanning tree, then the semi-global bipartite consensus can be achieved for the linear multiagent system by a linear feedback controller with the control gain being designed via the low gain feedback technique. The convergence analysis of the proposed control strategy is performed by means of the Lyapunov method which can also specify the convergence rate. At last, the validity of the theoretical findings is demonstrated by two simulation examples.
The New Multi-Ministry Response to Conduct Problems: A SWOT Analysis.

The Inter-agency Plan for Conduct Disorder/Severe Antisocial Behaviour 2007-2012 (Ministry of Social Development, 2007) is assessed according to the SWOT dimensions of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The document is one of the most important statements for the social services in New Zealand because of the primacy that it gives to current knowledge about conduct problems and for its endorsement of research-based practices. The plan's limitations include its risk-focused approach, its unsystematic response to 0-2 year-olds in difficult care-giving circumstances, and its lack of reference to adolescent girls with emotional issues who can contribute to the next generation of antisocial young people. As well, the plan might have considered the role of social systems in regard to conduct problems like the school, the neighbourhood, and community values. The implementation of the document could be imperilled by numerous influences, such as contrasting professional perspectives and non-empirical emphases in education.
Preliminary study of genetic evaluation for female fertility in Japan

There are several measures for fertility traits. Calving interval seem to be widely reported across countries. Among countries surveyed, Japanese Holstein cows have the longest calving interval, the longest lactation length, and produce the greatest milk yield per lactation (ICAR, 2004). DO records since 1980 were obtained from Japanese national milk recording scheme. These records were edited as follows:
Performance Indicator Importance in MPA Management Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

Much has been written about the usefulness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. Their performance has been measured using biological and ecological indicators. However, objectives of management also include economic and social responsibilities. As such, stakeholder objectives in MPA management are frequently incompatible. This has been attributed to the variety of stakeholders with an interest in how MPAs are managed. This article considers the development of a performance indicator hierarchy for the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve, and a multi-criteria approach implemented to define compromise positions between stakeholders in decision-making. Data was obtained from a pairwise comparison survey using the analytic hierarchy process to investigate preferences of stakeholder groups for performance indicators in evaluating marine protected area management. The analysis showed that although there are five key stakeholder groups, none are homogenous in prioritizing performance indicators and that none are clear with respect to what the MPA means for them.
Presence of spur cells as a highly predictive factor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis

The presence of spur‐cell anemia (SCA) is due to lipid disturbances of the erythrocyte membrane and may develop in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. The accurate predicting value of SC for survival has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate SCA as a prognostic indicator in patients with cirrhosis.