Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of anthracyclines in the treatment of early breast cancer.

PURPOSE To review data relating to anthracyclines in the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. DESIGN This is a report from a seminar in which the future of anthracyclines in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer was considered. In particular, the question of whether anthracyclines should now be discarded and replaced by taxanes was addressed. RESULTS Accumulating data from large randomized trials indicate that genetic markers may have a role in predicting sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. However, no reliable, validated test is available for predicting sensitivity to anthracyclines in particular. Topoisomerase IIalpha amplification and/or deletion, especially in conjunction with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 amplification, has been proposed to fulfill this role but more data are needed. Currently, only one published trial has shown that a taxane-based regimen may be superior to an anthracycline-based regimen, but several trials indicate that combinations including both anthracyclines and taxanes may be better still. Further studies aimed at optimizing anthracyclines and taxanes in combination, and integrating biologic agents, seem to be the way forward. There is no validated test that can determine whether anthracyclines can be of greater benefit than other agents for individual patients. CONCLUSION Anthracyclines have been extensively tested in clinical trials spanning several decades; currently, there are insufficient data to recommend replacing them in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
A microduplication on chromosome 17p13.1p13.3 including the PAFAH1B1 (LIS1) gene

Recently, three children with a microduplication in 17p13 including the PAFAH1B1 gene that encodes LIS1 were reported. LIS1 overexpression has earlier been shown to affect brain development by causing migrational defects and reductions in brain volume [Bi et al., 2009 ]. Here, we report an additional patient with a microduplication on chromosome 17p13.1p13. 3 including the PAFAH1B1 gene, that was inserted into the long arm of chromosome 4. The patient had psychomotor and growth retardation, dysmorphic features, small ventricular septal defect (VSD), and immunoglobulin abnormality. Only subtle abnormalities in brain MRI scan were seen. Interestingly, the facial features of our patient closely resemble those previously reported in 17p trisomy patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
That's the way it was: Age differences in the structure and quality of adults' personal narratives

It has been suggested that late adulthood represents a period particularly specialized for the transmission of information to younger generations (Mergler, Faust, & Goldstein, 1985). The present research was designed to explore this idea cross‐sectionally by studying the structure and quality of personal narratives produced by adults of varying ages. Personal narratives were obtained from 20 participants in each of three age ranges: 18–25, 26–55, and 60–87. The WAIS‐R vocabulary and a sentence span task were also administered. These narratives were then rated for quality by an age‐diverse sample of 26 adults. The narratives were also categorized by the episodic structure system of Stein and Glenn (1978) and the high‐point system of Labov and Waletzsky (1967). Results showed that the narratives of the oldest group were judged by the raters to be of better quality than those of the youngest adults. Raters also preferred narratives from those with higher WAIS‐R vocabulary scores. Consistent relationships bet.
A Neopluralist Perspective on Research on Organized Interests

We modestly challenge Baumgartner and Leech’s (1998) very pessimistic assessment of the state of interest group research by arguing that there has been a rich collaboration of theory and data during the 1990s, which at least points toward a new and more coherent theoretical perspective on interest representation, and one largely indigenous to political science. With some trepidation given its checkered history, we label this perspective as a neopluralist view. We explore this developing approach in three steps. We first provide a broad outline of three distinct approaches to the study of interest representation, identifying how each has understood the various stages on which organized interests have attracted the attention of scholars. We then identify six attributes of the emerging neopluralist approach that distinguish it from prior work on interest representation. Finally, we consider the appropriateness of our proposed neopluralist label and what must be done to further develop the neopluralist perspective.
Greatness: Who Makes History and Why

Preface. Prologue: The Psychologist Confronts Greatness. Birthrights and Birthmarks: Psychobiological Explanations. Acts, Affects, and Thoughts: Learning? Based and Cognitive Theories. The Creative Quest. The Drive to Succeed. Infants, Children, and Teenagers: The Famous in Their Youth. Life's Prime and Death's Advance: A Life? Span Perspective. The Importance of Intelligence. The Importance of Personality. The Significance of Psychopathology. Violence as a Shaper of History. The Influence of Attitudes and Beliefs. Imitation, Affiliation, Group Dynamics, and Leadership. Epilogue: Has the Psychologist Succeeded? Notes. References. Subject Index.
Privacy-Preserving Data Publication with Features of Independent ℓ-Diversity

Datasets containing individuals’ information (stored in back-end databases) are often published and shared in social networks. The disclosure of sensitive individuals’ information in social networks is potentially a serious problem. When an attacker studies a published table in a social network, the attacker could infer valuable information of individuals if the attacker learnt some sensitive information of other related individuals from other sources which are different from the published table. This type of attack is referred to as corruption attack. Existing privacy-preserving data publication (PPDP) approaches have been developed against corruption attacks, however, they could cause severe information loss, and reduce the usefulness of the published data. In addition, PPDP models based on -diversity and its variants may lead to individual sensitive information disclosure. Motivated by providing a solution to overcome these drawbacks, an independent -diversity principle is proposed in this study. Based on this principle a PPDP model is presented. The model could prevent attacks from attackers who have known data publishing algorithms and have the corruption abilities. A new data utility measurement global loss penalty is also proposed in this study. Related algorithms to our approach have been developed and implemented. Extensive experiments have been performed and comparisons with other related methods have been made. The results have shown the effectiveness of our approaches. It has been noted that when compared with -diversity model and its variant models, our model could resist corruption attacks more effectively; furthermore, when compared with other solutions against corruption attacks, our method would result in less information loss.
Factors Determining the Onset and Course of Hypoxemia During Apnea: An Investigation Using Physiological Modelling

We used the Nottingham Physiology Simulator to examine the onset and course of hypoxemia during apnea after pulmonary denitrogenation. The following factors, as possible determinants of the hypoxemia profile, were varied to examine their effect: functional residual capacity, oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, hemoglobin concentration, ventilatory minute volume, duration of denitrogenation, pulmonary venous admixture, and state of the airway (closed versus open). Airway obstruction significantly reduced the time to 50% oxyhemoglobin saturation (8 vs 11 min). Provision of 100% oxygen rather than air to the open, apneic patient model greatly prolonged time to 50% oxyhemoglobin saturation (66 vs 11 min). Hemoglobin concentration, venous admixture, and respiratory quotient had small, insignificant effects on the time to desaturation. Reduced functional residual capacity, short duration of denitrogenation, hypoventilation, and increased oxygen consumption significantly shortened the time to 50% oxyhemoglobin saturation during apnea. Implications: Reduction in oxygen levels during cessation of breathing is dangerous and common in anesthetic practice. We used validated, mathematical, physiological models to reveal the impact of physiological factors on the deterioration of oxygen levels. This study could not be performed on patients and reveals important information.
Optimal State-Feedback Control Under Sparsity and Delay Constraints*

This paper presents the solution to a general decentralized state-feedback problem, in which the plant and controller must satisfy the same combination of delay constraints and sparsity constraints. The control problem is decomposed into independent subproblems, which are solved by dynamic programming. In special cases with only sparsity or only delay constraints, the controller reduces to existing solutions.
UNDER THESE CONDITIONS Gender, Parole and the Governance of Reintegration

Despite the widespread use of conditions in various phases of the criminal justice system (e.g. bail, probation, parole), there has been little theoretical examination of their purposes or the implications associated with their use. This paper extends the theoretical discussion of women prisoners’ reintegration by focusing on parole conditions as a form of ‘targeted governance’. Using national data on federally sentenced female offenders in Canada, it shows how parole boards constitute the female parolee as a fractured subject consisting of various ‘risk/need factors’ to which parole conditions are applied. It also considers how conditions are techniques of targeted governance that exemplify an integrated exercise of penal power, which is simultaneously productive and repressive: conditions help prepare women prisoners for ‘freedom’ on parole by mobilizing particular techniques of self-governance, while at the same time operate as modes of surveillance that police the boundaries of acceptable conduct.
Social acceptance; a possible mediator in the association between socio-economic deprivation and under-18 pregnancy rates?

This study examines the social acceptance of young (under-18) pregnancy by assessing people's acceptance of young pregnancy and abortion in relation to deprivation. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted in two relatively affluent and two relatively deprived local authorities in London (n=570). Contrary to previous findings, participants were significantly more accepting of young pregnancy in the more affluent areas and if they were young parents. When controlling for other personal characteristics, only age remained significantly related to acceptance, and there was evidence of an interaction between level of area deprivation and age. The work supported previous findings, with people in more affluent areas being the most accepting of abortion. Age and ethnicity were significantly associated with acceptance of abortion after adjusting for level of area deprivation. An interaction effect between ethnicity and area deprivation was found. The importance of the psychosocial processes behind acceptance of young pregnancy was highlighted. Area deprivation does not have a uniform influence over people who vary in their personal characteristics. Young pregnancy prevention programmes and support groups for young parents must address the influence of social deprivation, age and ethnicity and how this affects the fabric of young people's lives.
Experimental Robustness Evaluation of JMS Middleware

The use of Java Message Service (JMS) for enterprise applications communication and integration is increasing very quickly. However, although JMS is frequently used in business-critical environments, applications are typically developed with the assumption that the middleware being used is robust, which is not always the case. Robustness failures in such environments are particularly dangerous, as they may originate vulnerabilities that can be maliciously exploited with severe consequences for the systems subject of attack. This paper proposes an approach for the evaluation of the robustness of JMS middleware. Our approach is presented through a concrete example of evaluating the robustness of three well-known JMS solutions (JBoss MQ 3.2.8.SP1, JBoss MQ 4.2.1.GA, and Active MQ 4.1.1), in which several robustness and critical security related problems have been disclosed (including specification conformance disparities).
Satisfaction with educational provision for children with SEN or disabilities: a national postal survey of the views of parents in Great Britain

The success and quality of educational provision for children with SEN and/or disabilities is a matter of considerable debate, with wide differences reported by parents. Extant evidence is limited by sampling bias and size, making the true extent of (dis)satisfaction difficult to gauge. This paper reports systematic, comparative evidence from a factor analysis of a large sample of diverse parents (n = 562) in Great Britain, surveyed on key aspects of provision such as choice of school and influence of attitudinal and environmental factors. In contrast to dominant notions of widespread unhappiness amongst parents, a largely positive view of educational provision was found. Parents of children with psychosocial difficulties in mainstream schools were the main exceptions, being the least satisfied with provision. These findings offer a timely and welcome balance in the highly contentious debate on where and how additional support for children and young people with SEN or disabilities takes place.
An exploration of burglary in the criminal histories of sex offenders referred for civil commitment

Commission of nonsexual crimes generally antedates officially recorded sexual offenses. In particular, burglary has been hypothesized to be a potential ‘stepping stone’ in the development of one's sexual criminal career in the same way that marijuana has often been considered a ‘gateway drug’ to more serious drug-related offenses. The present study examined the officially recorded criminal histories of 828 male sex offenders to determine the relevance of burglary in their criminal histories. One third of the men in the sample (n=281, 34%) had been charged at least once for burglary. These 281 men committed a total of 762 separate incidents of burglary. Offenders with at least one officially recorded charge for burglary (BSOs) were compared with those with no such charges (SOs). Next, the characteristics of each burglary were examined and four distinct types of burglary were identified: nonsexual, covertly sexual, overtly sexual, and combination burglary/rape. BSOs accrued twice as many charges as the SOs and were significantly more likely to have an earlier age of onset, a longer criminal career, more employment problems, elementary school problems, antisocial behavior, and substance abuse.
Cloning, characterization, and multiple chromosomal integration of a Bacillus alkaline protease gene

Extracellular Bacillus proteases are used as additives in detergent powders. We identified a Bacillus strain that produces a protease with an extremely alkaline pH optimum; this protease is suitable for use in modern alkaline detergent powders. The alkalophilic strain Bacillus alcalophilus PB92 gene encoding this high-alkaline serine protease was cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 380 amino acids composed of a signal peptide (27 amino acids), a prosequence (84 amino acids), and a mature protein of 269 amino acids. Amino acid comparison with other serine proteases shows good homology with protease YaB, which is also produced by an alkalophilic Bacillus strain. Both show moderate homology with subtilisins but show some remarkable differences from subtilisins produced by neutrophilic bacilli. The prosequence of PB92 protease has no significant homology with prosequences of subtilisins. The abundance of negatively charged residues in the prosequences of PB92 protease is especially remarkable. The cloned gene was used to increase the production level of the protease. For this purpose the strategy of gene amplification in the original alkalophilic Bacillus strain was chosen. When introduced on a multicopy plasmid, the recombinant strain was unstable; under production conditions, plasmid segregation occurred. More stable ways of gene amplification were obtained by chromosomal integration. This was achieved by (i) homologous recombination, resulting in a strain with two tandemly arranged genes, and (ii) illegitimate recombination, resulting in a strain with a second copy of the protease gene on a locus not adjacent to the originally present gene. Both strains showed increased production and were more stable than the plasmid-containing strain. Absolute stability was only found when nontandem duplication occurred. This method of gene amplification circumvents stability problems often encountered in gene amplification in Bacillus species when plasmids or tandemly arranged genes in the chromosome are used.
The Effect of the Threat of Legal Sanction on Program Retention and Completion: Is That Why They Stay in Drug Court?

Drug courts routinely rely on the threat of legal sanction to motivate drug-using criminal offenders to enter and complete community-based treatment programs. In light of the high failure rates among drug court participants, what is the effect of the threat of legal sanction on program retention and completion? A quasiexperimental research design was used to study program retention and completion within two adult drug courts that employed the same staff to administer identical treatment and supervision programs in the same jurisdiction. One court relied on a 120-day suspended sentence to coerce program participation, whereas the other court was prohibited by law from imposing a jail sentence on its participants. Using alternative measures of program retention, a single measure of program completion, and controls for salient sociodemographic and criminal history factors, the analysis found no differences in program retention or completion between the two courts.
The microscopical appearances of human peripheral arteries during growth and aging

Twelve peripheral arteries are described in 59 patients of all ages. Accumulation of ground substance in the media, accompanied by small foci of calcification of the internal elastic lamina, was found in the large leg arteries of young adults, and progressively in a wider series of arteries throughout life. This picture showed no relationship to hypertension, to Mönckeberg's sclerosis, or to the development of atheroma. A notable quantity of ground substance may be a feature of early intimal development, and of a thickened intima in adult life, and probably the major constituent of an organizing thrombus. Organizing thrombi were apparently incidental findings at several sites even in young adults, and showed no association with the state of the arterial wall beneath the lesion, the wall being in fact normal, though accumulated mucopolysaccharide was always present. Atheroma increases with age, and its focal incidence gives way to confluence in the arteries of the leg. Occlusive peripheral artery atheroma was found only in cases where the cause of death was severe atheroma, e.g., coronary artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm, or in myxoedema, in which the incidence of occlusive lesions may differ from that in severe generalized atheroma. Elastic tissue is described in all coats of the artery wall, with some variants of the common pattern. The musculo-elastic cushion is not seen after adolescence, and it is suggested that the cushion represents the growing point of the artery. Longitudinal muscle bundles are almost confined to the popliteal artery, where they may form an essential buttress for a large branching artery subject to unusual external stresses. The functions and origin of the ground substance are discussed.
Voltage Balancing Control of Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converters With Passive Front-Ends

In the previous literature, it has been reported that it is not possible to guarantee the balance of the DC-link capacitor voltages of multilevel three-phase diode-clamped DC-AC converters with passive front-ends for high modulation indices, especially for more than three levels. This paper proposes a novel closed-loop control approach capable of guaranteeing such balance for all operating conditions of the converters without the need for additional hardware. Three different phase duty-ratio perturbation schemes are proposed. They are compared through simulation for the case of a four-level three-phase diode-clamped DC-AC converter operated with a virtual-vector-based modulation. The most simple and effective perturbation scheme, only requiring the sensing of all DC-link capacitor voltages, is tested experimentally in the same four-level converter. The results demonstrate the feasibility of guaranteeing the dc-link capacitor voltage balance for all converter operating conditions.
Peasant Marriage in Ireland: its Structure and Development since the Famine

n Irish experience the student of population finds the exception to many of his generalizations. In recent decades the most striking of Ireland's demographic idiosyncrasies has been an apparent aversion to marriage only less marked in the six counties of Northern Ireland than in the twenty-six of the Republic. In no other country whose statistics are available is the average age at marriage so high; in none is there so large a proportion of life-long bachelors and spinsters.2 The farmer, single on the average until he is 38, is the Irishman latest to marry; and of farmers between 65 and 74 one in four is still a bachelor.3
Personality and biological markers of creativity

The aim of the present study was to test (i) Eysenck's theory that psychoticism (P) should be related to creativity, (ii) whether testosterone (T), due to its association with P claimed in the literature, can be identified as a biological marker of creativity, and (iii) whether the SEEK dimension of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) was also related to creativity and to testosterone due to its relationship to Sensation Seeking. In a sample of N = 48 male and female subjects, test scores on figural, verbal, and numeric creativity were compared between high and low P‐scorers as well as between high and low SEEK‐scorers. Effects were controlled for fluid intelligence as measured by Cattell's CFT‐3 and crystallized intelligence as assessed by the Structure‐of‐Intelligence‐Test (Intelligenz‐Struktur‐Test, I‐S‐T 2000 R). Neither a main effect of P or T nor an interaction effect P×T on creativity could be obtained. Instead, SEEK was related to all components of creativity and explained more than 15% of the variance of total creativity. Moreover, significant differences in SEEK could be explained by differences in T, independently of gender. Furthermore, 39% of the variance of SEEK could be explained by the two uncorrelated indicators testosterone and creativity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.