Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cl− homeodynamics in gap junction-coupled astrocytic networks on activation of GABAergic synapses

• Astrocytes encapsulate GABAergic synapses and express GABAA receptors and GABA transporters. They are tightly coupled by gap junctions, and are referred to as the gap junction‐coupled astrocytic network. • With higher [Cl−]i, GABA application can mediate bidirectional Cl− fluxes in astrocytes, Cl− efflux via GABAA receptors, and Cl− influx along with GABA uptake via GABA transporters. • We focused on the Cl− dynamics of the astrocytic network under GABAergic synapse transmission. Spillover of GABA predominantly induced Cl− efflux via GABAA receptors, presumably because they are localized more closely to the synaptic cleft. • GABAA receptor‐mediated currents were propagated via gap junctions within the astrocytic network. These results indicate that Cl− efflux from astrocytes mediated by GABAergic transmission is homeostatically maintained within gap junction‐coupled astrocytic networks. • Blockage of gap junctional coupling by octanol promoted the collapse of the driving force for neuronal inhibitory transmission during intense activation of GABAergic synapses. Thus, the astrocytic network may play a role in maintaining GABAergic transmission by regulating [Cl−]o.
Real-Time Shape Illustration Using Laplacian Lines

This paper presents a novel object-space line drawing algorithm that can depict shapes with view-dependent feature lines in real time. Strongly inspired by the Laplacian-of-Gaussian (LoG) edge detector in image processing, we define Laplacian lines as the zero-crossing points of the Laplacian of the surface illumination. Compared to other view-dependent feature lines, Laplacian lines are computationally efficient because most expensive computations can be preprocessed. We further extend Laplacian lines to volumetric data and develop the algorithm to compute volumetric Laplacian lines without isosurface extraction. We apply the proposed Laplacian lines to a wide range of real-world models and demonstrate that Laplacian lines are more efficient than the existing computer generated feature lines, and can be used in interactive graphics applications.
Immune inspired framework for ad hoc network security

As a comprehensive security system, researchers recently have turned to the human immune system as a very wealthy source of inspiration. DNA computation, evolutionary computation, artificial neural networks, and artificial immune systems are some of the research interest which can be pointed out. By means of diverse kinds of cells, molecules, and mechanisms, the immune system efficiently protects the human body against different kinds of attacks. Many immune-inspired techniques have been developed with the aim to tackle different computing problems. Network security represents one of the most significant fields that the immune-inspired techniques have been applied to. Given that mobile ad hoc networks have a decentralized nature similar to the human immune system (HIS), immune-inspired security architecture is highly expected to come across different ad hoc security problems, one of which is the malicious node that can disrupt the routing process, masquerade as the legitimate nodes, and impersonate the trusted nodes. In this paper, immune-inspired security architecture for simulating a number of HIS processes for securing mobile ad hoc networks is presented. Both the negative selection and danger theory techniques have been combined along with many other inspired processes to come up with a scalable and robust system. Distributability, second response and self recovery of nodes, are the hallmarks of the proposed architecture.
Closing ranks: Ingroup norm conformity as a subtle response to threatening climate change

We tested the hypothesis that climate change threat increases group-based cognition and action tendencies. As ingroups can provide extended primary control, we expected climate change threat to increase conformity with ingroup norms and group protective behavior. In three studies (N = 404), we experimentally manipulated climate change threat (Studies 1–3) and group norm content (Studies 2 and 3). We found that participants under climate change threat more strongly derogated group members who acted against the group’s interests (Study 1). When a specific group norm was made salient, both manipulated (Study 3) and perceived climate change threat (Studies 2 and 3) increased ingroup norm conformity. Importantly, this effect occurred for norms of radical left-wing behavior. This suggests that climate change threat does not necessarily induce a conservative shift. Instead, it elicits group-based defenses whose expression depends on which ingroup and which of its norms are salient.
Peer Influence and Attraction to Interracial Romantic Relationships

The present research examined the effect of social influence on White, heterosexual individuals’ attraction to targets of varying races (White vs. Black) in two college student samples from the United States (one that leaned politically liberal and one that leaned politically conservative). Using a within-subjects experimental design, participants were given artificial peer evaluation data (positive, negative, or none) before providing ratings of attractiveness and dating interest for a series of targets. In both samples, positive information was associated with greater levels of attraction and dating interest than negative information, regardless of target race. Within the conservative sample, participants reported greater attraction toward and more dating interest in White targets relative to Black targets, while in the liberal sample, participants’ ratings of targets did not significantly differ from one another. These findings suggest that social influence can affect perceptions of attractiveness even in very different political climates.
Improving rejection with semantic slot-based confidence scores

This paper introduces a new confidence scoring mechanism which takes advantage of the semantic parsing provided by a natural language understanding system. As a result, different segments of the user input which fill individual semantic slots are identified and individual semantic slot confidence scores are generated. With slot-based confidence scores, each individual slot receives a confidence score generated by combining the confidence scores of the individual words which fill that particular slot. With judicious use of confidence scores for individual slots, better rejection and more natural interaction with the system are achieved.
KEWENANGAN BPD (BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA) DALAM MENJALANKAN FUNGSI LEGISLASI (Sebuah Telaah Sosiologis Proses Pembentukan Perdes di Desa Karamatwangi Kec. Garawangi Kab. Kuningan)

Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti mengambil tema tentang â€œKewenangan BPD (Badan Permusyawaratan Desa) dalam Menjalankan Fungsi Legislasi Sebuaah Telaah Sosiologi Pembentukan Perdes di Desa Karamatwangi Kec. Garawangi Kab. Kuningan. Adapun yang menjadi lokasi dari penelitian ini sendiri dilakukan di Kabupaten Kuningan lebih tepatnya di Desa Karamatwangi. Penelitian ini akan difokuskan pada masalah pertama, bagaimana proses pembentukan peraturan desa di desa tersebut, kedua, bagaimana evektifitas Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji bagaimana proses pembentukan peraturan desa di desa Karamatwangi Kec. Garawangi Kab. Kuningan dan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji bagaimana evektifitas Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasi. Penelitian ini dapat berguna antara lain yaitu secara praktis dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam hal pembentukan peraturan khusunya peraturan desa, penelitian ini mencoba memberikan gambaran tentang kewenangan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan referensi dalam bidang akademis ilmu hukum khususnya dalam bidang Hukum Tata Negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis empiris atau penelitian kuantitatif yaitu metode mengumpulkan dan menyajikan data yang diperoleh untuk menganalisis keadaan yang sebenarnya dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisa rasional berdasarkan acuan yuridis melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan. Badan Permusyawaratan Desa merupakan lembaga legislatif di tingkat bawah yang mana memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan produk hukum pemerintahan desa untuk mewujudkan sistem check and balences dan penyambung lidah masyarakat dalam menyampaikan aspirasi. Kata Kunci: Kewenangan, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa, Legislasi
Design and Implementation of Scalable Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Monitoring

An integrated hardware and software system for a scalable wireless sensor network WSN is designed and developed for structural health monitoring. An accelerometer sensor node is designed, developed, and calibrated to meet the requirements for structural vibration monitoring and modal identification. The nodes have four channels of accelerometers in two directions and a microcontroller for processing and wireless communication in a multihop network. Software components have been implemented within the TinyOS oper- ating system to provide a flexible software platform and scalable performance for structural health monitoring applications. These components include a protocol for reliable command dissemination through the network and data collection, and improvements to software components for data pipelining, jitter control, and high-frequency sampling. The prototype WSN was deployed on a long-span bridge with 64 nodes. The data acquired from the testbed were used to examine the scalability of the network and the data quality. Robust and scalable performance was demonstrated even with a large number of hops required for communication. The results showed that the WSN provides spatially dense and accurate ambient vibration data for identifying vibration modes of a bridge.
DNA methylation and single nucleotide variants in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes are associated with anxiety/depression in older women

Background: Environmental effects and personal experiences could be expressed in individuals through epigenetic non-structural changes such as DNA methylation. This methylation could up- regulate or down-regulate corresponding gene expressions and modify related phenotypes. DNA methylation increases with aging and could be related to the late expression of some forms of mental disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between anxiety disorders and/or depression in older women and DNA methylation for four genes related to anxiety or depression. Methods: Women aged 65 and older with (n = 19) or without (n = 24) anxiety disorders and/or major depressive episode (DSM-IV), were recruited. DNA methylation and single nucleotide variant (SNV) were evaluated from saliva, respectively by pyrosequencing and by PCR, for the following genes: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; rs6265), oxytocin receptor (OXTR; rs53576), serotonin transporter (SLC6A4; rs25531), and apolipoprotein E (APOE; rs429358 and rs7412). Results: A greater BDNF DNA methylation was observed in subjects with anxiety/depression compared to control group subjects (Mean: 2.92 SD ± 0.74 vs. 2.34 ± 0.42; p= 0.0026). This difference was more pronounced in subjects carrying the BDNF rs6265 CT genotype (2.99 ± 0.41 vs. 2.27 ± 0.26; p= 0.0006) than those carrying the CC genotype (p= 0.0332); no subjects with the TT genotype were observed. For OXTR, a greater DNA methylation was observed in subjects with anxiety/depression, but only for those carrying the AA genotype of the OXTR rs53576 SNV, more particularly at one out of the seven CpGs studied (7.01 ± 0.94 vs. 4.44 ± 1.11; p= 0.0063). No significant differences were observed for APOE and SLC6A4. Conclusion: These results suggest that DNA methylation in interaction with SNV variations in BDNF and OXTR, are associated with the occurrence of anxiety/depression in older women.
Beauty and cuteness in peripheral vision

Guo et al. (2011) showed that attractiveness was detectable in peripheral vision. Since there are different types of attractiveness (Rhodes, 2006), we investigated how beauty and cuteness are detected in peripheral vision with a brief presentation. Participants (n = 45) observed two Japanese female faces for 100 ms, then were asked to respond which face was more beautiful (or cuter). The results indicated that both beauty and cuteness were detectable in peripheral vision, but not in the same manner. Discrimination rates for judging beauty were invariant in peripheral and central vision, while discrimination rates for judging cuteness declined in peripheral vision as compared with central vision. This was not explained by lower resolution in peripheral vision. In addition, for male participants, it was more difficult to judge cuteness than beauty in peripheral vision, thus suggesting that gender differences can have a certain effect when judging cuteness. Therefore, central vision might be suitable for judging cuteness while judging beauty might not be affected by either central or peripheral vision. This might be related with the functional difference between beauty and cuteness.
Free Radical-Initiated and Gap Junction-Mediated Bystander Effect due to Nonuniform Distribution of Incorporated Radioactivity in a Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture Model

Abstract Bishayee, A. , Hill, H. Z. , Stein, D. , Rao, D. V. and Howell, R. W. Free Radical-Initiated and Gap Junction-Mediated Bystander Effect due to Nonuniform Distribution of Incorporated Radioactivity in a Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture Model. To investigate the biological effects of nonuniform distribution of radioactivity in mammalian cells, we have developed a novel three-dimensional tissue culture model. Chinese hamster V79 cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine and mixed with unlabeled cells, and multicellular clusters (∼1.6 mm in diameter) were formed by gentle centrifugation. The short-range β particles emitted by 3H impart only self-irradiation of labeled cells without significant cross-irradiation of unlabeled bystander cells. The clusters were assembled in the absence or presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and/or 100 μM lindane. DMSO is a hydroxyl radical scavenger, whereas lindane is an inhibitor of gap junctional intercellular communication. The clusters were maintained at 10.5°C for 72 h to allow 3H decays to accumulate and then dismantled, and the cells were plated for colony formation. When 100% of the cells were labeled, the surviving fraction was exponentially dependent on the mean level of radioactivity per labeled cell. A two-component exponential response was observed when either 50 or 10% of the cells were labeled. Though both DMSO and lindane significantly protected the unlabeled or bystander cells when 50 or 10% of the cells were labeled, the effect of lindane was greater than that of DMSO. In both cases, the combined treatment (DMSO + lindane) elicited maximum protection of the bystander cells. These results suggest that the bystander effects caused by nonuniform distributions of radioactivity are affected by the fraction of cells that are labeled. Furthermore, at least a part of these bystander effects are initiated by free radicals and are likely to be mediated by gap junctional intercellular communication.
Numerical Models of Water Impact

This paper presents a numerical method for studying water impact of a two-dimensional body of arbitrary cross-section. The global simulation procedure based on the boundary element method is constructed. The attention is focused on the computational description of the jet flow in the framework of a potential flow assumption. The proposed computational model makes the numerical analysis more stable, in addition, enables the simulation of the flow deformation due to the gravity effect. Water impact problems due to the vertical impulsive motion of an initially floating body are considered. The prediction of hydrodynamic pressure is found to be in good agreement with similarity solutions for wedges with different dead-rise angle.
Market Competition and Lower Tier Incentives

The relationship between competition and performancerelated pay has been analyzed in singleprincipalsingleagent models. While this approach yields good predictions for managerial pay schemes, the predictions fail to apply for employees at lower tiers of a firm's hierarchy. This paper describes a principal multi-agent model of incentive pay that analyzes the effect of changes in the competitiveness of markets on lower tier incentive payment schemes. The results explain why the payment schemes of agents located at low and mid tiers are less sensitive to changes in competition when aggregated firm data is used.
Querying Distributed RDF Graphs: The Effects of Partitioning

Web-scale RDF datasets are increasingly processed using distributed RDF data stores built on top of a cluster of shared-nothing servers. Such systems critically rely on their data partitioning scheme and query answering scheme, the goal of which is to facilitate correct and efficient query processing. Existing data partitioning schemes are commonly based on hashing or graph partitioning techniques. The latter techniques split a dataset in a way that minimises the number of connections between the resulting subsets, thus reducing the need for communication between servers; however, to facilitate efficient query answering, considerable duplication of data at the intersection between subsets is often needed. Building upon the known graph partitioning approaches, in this paper we present a novel data partitioning scheme that employs minimal duplication and keeps track of the connections between partition elements; moreover, we propose a query answering scheme that uses this additional information to correctly answer all queries. We show experimentally that, on certain well-known RDF benchmarks, our data partitioning scheme often allows more answers to be retrieved without distributed computation than the known schemes, and we show that our query answering scheme can efficiently answer many queries.
ISOCAM observations in the Lockman Hole. II. The 14.3 μm deep survey: Data reduction, catalogue and source counts

We present a new analysis of the ISOCAM 14.3 μ m deep survey in a 20 $\times$ 20 square arcmins area in the Lockman Hole. This survey is intermediate between the ultra-deep surveys and the shallow surveys in the ELAIS fields. The data have been analyzed with the method presented by Lari et al. ([CITE]). We have produced a catalogue of 283 sources detected above the 5- σ threshold, with fluxes in the interval 0.1–8 mJy. The catalogue is 90% complete at 1 mJy. The positional accuracy, estimated from the cross-correlation of infrared and optical sources, is around 1.5 arcsec. The search for the optical counterparts of the sources in the survey is performed on a medium-deep r' band optical image (5 σ depth of $r'=25$), making use of the radio detections when available. The photometry has been checked through simulations and by comparing the data with those presented in a shallower and more extended ISOCAM survey in the Lockman Hole, that we have presented in a companion paper. Only 15% of the 14.3 μ m sources do not have an optical counterpart down to $r'=25$ mag. We use the 6.7/14.3 μ m colour as a star/galaxy separator, together with a visual inspection of the optical image and an analysis of the observed Spectral Energy Distribution of the ISOCAM sources. The stars in the sample turn out to be only 6% of the sample. We discuss the 14.3 μ m counts of extragalactic sources, combining our catalogue with that obtained from the shallower ISOCAM survey. The data in the two surveys are consistent, and our results fully support the claims in previous works for the existence of an evolving population of infrared galaxies, confirming the evident departure from non-evolutionary model predictions.
Firm-Specific or Household-Specific Sticky Wages in the New Keynesian Model

This paper shows that switching the dominant use of household-specific sticky wages in the New Keynesian model (Erceg, Henderson, and Levin 2000) for firm-specific sticky wages has qualitative and quantitative consequences. First, the model with firm-specific sticky wages incorporates endogenous changes in the rate of unemployment, whereas there is no unemployment with household-specific sticky wages. Secondly, business-cycle fluctuations of wage inflation and the real wage are clearly distinguishable. In particular, the real wage is countercyclical after a demand shock under any sensible calibration with firm-specific sticky wages, whereas the model with household-specific sticky wages requires larger wage stickiness than price stickiness. Finally, optimal monetary policy is more oriented to stabilizing price inflation with firm-specific sticky wages, and is more oriented to stabilizing the output gap and wage inflation with household-specific sticky wages.
Does the Detection of X-Ray Emission from SN 1998bw Support Its Association with GRB 980425?

We show that the recent identification of X-ray emission from SN 1998bw is naturally explained as synchrotron emission from a shock driven into the wind surrounding the progenitor by a mildly relativistic shell ejected by the supernova, the existence of which was inferred earlier from radio observations. X-ray observations imply a shell energy E ≈ 1049.7 ergs and constrain the initial shell velocity βc and normalized wind mass-loss rate, ≡ (/10-5 M☉ yr-1)/(vw/103 km s-1), to satisfy β3 ≈ 10-1.5. The inferred energy is consistent with energy estimates based on radio observations provided ≈ 0.04, in which case radio observations imply β ≈ 0.8, consistent with the X-ray constraint β3 ≈ 10-1.5. While X-ray observations allow us to determine the parameters characterizing the preexplosion wind and the mildly relativistic shell ejected by SN 1998bw, they do not provide evidence for existence of an off-axis "standard" gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet associated with SN 1998bw, which may have produced GRB 980425. The lack of observational signatures, typically expected to be produced by such an off-axis jet on a 1 yr timescale, may be due to the low ≲ 0.1, which implies that an off-axis jet will become observable only on a ≳10 yr timescale.
How Does Spiritual Intelligence Relate to Mental Health in a Western Sample?

This study investigates a recently developed model of spiritual intelligence in relation to the common mental health concerns of depression, anxiety, and substance use. Three-hundred and fifty-three undergraduate psychology students responded to the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Drug, Alcohol, and Nicotine scale. We hypothesized spiritual intelligence would be negatively associated with the study’s mental health outcomes. A secondary aim was to examine the contributions of spiritual intelligence model components to mental health. Overall spiritual intelligence was not associated with anxiety, depression, or substance use. Examination of the relationships between spiritual intelligence components and mental health suggested this model lacks cohesiveness in relation to mental health. While the capacity to critically examine existential issues was associated with increased depression and anxiety, the ability to draw meaning and purpose from experience was associated with improvements in all mental health outcomes. These findings cast doubt on the construct of spiritual intelligence and suggest that existential thinking and the production of meaning may be closely related to mental health. Future research should explore differences in spiritual intelligence components and their associations with mental health among varying religious affiliations.