Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apology effectiveness: The impact of prior wrongful behaviour and voluntariness of apologies within juvenile justice

The justice system diverts young offenders away from further contact through restorative justice processes. Juvenile justice conferencing allows for the goals of restorative justice to be met, including meeting the needs of victims and offenders. Apologies, when offered by offenders to victims within a conferencing setting, can assist with meeting these restorative goals. Apologies, however, need to be effective to have the desired outcome. Several variables influence the effectiveness of apologies, including the perceived voluntariness of apologies, with prompted apologies reducing apology effectiveness. The reduced effectiveness of prompted apologies might be an issue during conferencing as some offenders are prompted to apologise during these procedures. Prior wrongful behaviour of offenders is also thought to impact apology effectiveness, but there is no published research that investigates whether the impact of prior wrongful behaviour is different for voluntary and prompted apologies. Participants (N = 124), recruited through convenience sampling, were positioned as victims of a crime where they were asked to rate a voluntary or prompted apology from either an offender with prior police contact or no prior police contact. The findings of this study indicated that voluntary apologies were significantly more effective than prompted apologies, but prior wrongful behaviour did not have a significant effect. Author: Isolde Larkins Supervisors: Professor Alfred Allan and Dr Maria Allan
Task and relationship conflict in subordinates and supervisors relations: interaction effects of justice perceptions and emotion management

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing acknowledgements at the beginning of a dissertation is as necessary and almost inevitable as having french fries with a double cheeseburger, and the fact that nobody expects a theoretical or empirical explanation is the most satisfying aspect of it. When I first came across the topic of task and relationship conflict, there was the voice of one crying in the marsh, " Take the topic. " I have been " dissertating " diligently since then, wearing a couple of Aggieland navy T-shirts and 99-times washed black shorts about my loins, and eating turkey sandwiches and muesli. I recommend these to anyone with an interest in being like me. I would like to thank everyone who helped me out during the time. First and foremost, I want to say thank you to my parents who have given unconditional love to their son. I don't know if I can love as much as they have loved if I have children. I also thank my brother for his support. My deepest appreciation is expressed to Dr. Don Kluemper who showed unlimited patience and persistent attention throughout my lengthy dissertation preparation. He proved to his student what a great mentor is about. This dissertation owes its research idea to Dr. Tim Chandler who provided tremendous insights into the topic. To Dr. Hettie Richardson, I truly appreciate her excellent theoretical and methodological guidance. I also thank Dr. Kevin Mossholder for his outstanding comments about the manuscript. I feel superlatively grateful to all men and women who willingly took their priceless time to participate in my surveys. I cannot name each of them here, but without those 431 individuals, this dissertation simply wouldn't exist. I also would like to thank Dr. Joe, Laura, and other tutors in LSU Writing Center. They read this manuscript more than anyone in our solar system, other iii than the committee and the author. I thank Benjamin, Angela, and many other ODS and LRS staff for their devoted service and professionalism. I thank my doctoral colleagues who have shared blood, sweat, and tears with me. Over the years, we've grown very fond of each other. Haven't we? I wish you the best of happiness in your life. The support of Professors Yoon, Han, Kim, Kahng, and Noh in Yonsei University is also gratefully acknowledged. I thank Principal Han for his continuing encouragement ever since I was in the elementary …
Closer to the solutions: iterative linear solvers

The solution of dense linear systems received much attention after the second world war, and by the end of the sixties, most of the problems associated with it had been solved. For a long time, Wilkinson's \The Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem" [107], other than the title suggests, became also the standard textbook for the solution of linear systems. When it became clear that partial dierential equations could be solved numerically, to a level of accuracy that was of interest for application areas (such as reservoir engineering, and reactor diusion modeling), there was a strong need for the fast solution of the discretized systems, and iterative methods became popular for these problems.
The Physiological Basis of the Electrocardiogram

Before attempting any signal processing of the electrocardiogram it is important to first understand the physiological basis of the ECG, to review measurement conventions of the standard ECG, and to review how a clinician uses the ECG for patient care. The material and figures in this chapter are taken from [1, 2], to which the reader is referred for a more detailed overview of this subject. Further information can also be found in the reading list given at the end of this chapter. The heart is comprised of muscle (myocardium) that is rhythmically driven to contract and hence drive the circulation of blood throughout the body. Before every normal heartbeat, or systole,1 a wave of electrical current passes through the entire heart, which triggers myocardial contraction. The pattern of electrical propagation is not random, but spreads over the structure of the heart in a coordinated pattern which leads to an effective, coordinated systole. This results in a measurable change in potential difference on the body surface of the subject. The resultant amplified (and filtered) signal is known as an electrocardiogram (ECG, or sometimes EKG). A broad number of factors affect the ECG, including abnormalities of cardiac conducting fibers, metabolic abnormalities (including a lack of oxygen, or ischemia) of the myocardium, and macroscopic abnormalities of the normal geometry of the heart. ECG analysis is a routine part of any complete medical evaluation, due to the heart’s essential role in human health and disease, and the relative ease of recording and analyzing the ECG in a noninvasive manner. Understanding the basis of a normal ECG requires appreciation of four phenomena: the electrophysiology of a single cell, how the wave of electrical current propagates through myocardium, the physiology of the specific structures of the heart through which the electrical wave travels, and last how that leads to a measurable signal on the surface of the body, producing the normal ECG.
The effects of psilocybin and MDMA on between-network resting state functional connectivity in healthy volunteers

Perturbing a system and observing the consequences is a classic scientific strategy for understanding a phenomenon. Psychedelic drugs perturb consciousness in a marked and novel way and thus are powerful tools for studying its mechanisms. In the present analysis, we measured changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between a standard template of different independent components analysis (ICA)-derived resting state networks (RSNs) under the influence of two different psychoactive drugs, the stimulant/psychedelic hybrid, MDMA, and the classic psychedelic, psilocybin. Both were given in placebo-controlled designs and produced marked subjective effects, although reports of more profound changes in consciousness were given after psilocybin. Between-network RSFC was generally increased under psilocybin, implying that networks become less differentiated from each other in the psychedelic state. Decreased RSFC between visual and sensorimotor RSNs was also observed. MDMA had a notably less marked effect on between-network RSFC, implying that the extensive changes observed under psilocybin may be exclusive to classic psychedelic drugs and related to their especially profound effects on consciousness. The novel analytical approach applied here may be applied to other altered states of consciousness to improve our characterization of different conscious states and ultimately advance our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying them.
Probing N=4 SYM With Surface Operators

In this paper we study surface operators in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We compute surface operator observables, such as the expectation value of surface operators, the correlation function of surface operators with local operators, and the correlation function of surface operators with Wilson and ’t Hooft loops. The calculations are performed using three different realizations of surface operators, corresponding respectively to the gauge theory path integral definition, the probe brane description in AdS5×S and the “bubbling” supergravity description of surface operators. We find remarkable agreement between the different calculations performed using the three different realizations. 05/2008 drukker@physik.hu-berlin.de jgomis@perimeterinstitute.ca smatsuura@perimeterinstitute.ca
eLearning to facilitate the education and implementation of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment: a novel measure of function in critical illness

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of eLearning in the widespread standardised teaching, distribution and implementation of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment (CPAx) tool—a validated tool to assess physical function in critically ill patients. Design Prospective educational study. An eLearning module was developed through a conceptual framework, using the four-stage technique for skills teaching to teach clinicians how to use the CPAx. Example and test video case studies of CPAx assessments were embedded within the module. The CPAx scores for the test case studies and demographic data were recorded in a secure area of the website. Data were analysed for inter-rater reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to see if an eLearning educational package facilitated consistent use of the tool. A utility and content validity questionnaire was distributed after 1 year to eLearning module registrants (n=971). This was to evaluate uptake of the CPAx in clinical practice and content validity of the CPAx from the perspective of clinical users. Setting The module was distributed for use via professional forums (n=2) and direct contacts (n=95). Participants Critical care clinicians. Primary outcome measure ICC of the test case studies. Results Between July and October 2014, 421 candidates from 15 countries registered for the eLearning module. The ICC for case one was 0.996 (95% CI 0.990 to 0.999; n=207). The ICC for case two was 0.988 (0.996 to 1.000; n=184). The CPAx has a strong total scale content validity index (s-CVI) of 0.94 and is well used. Conclusions eLearning is a useful and reliable way of teaching psychomotor skills, such as the CPAx. The CPAx is a well-used measure with high content validity rated by clinicians.
High-excitation CO in a quasar host galaxy at z = 6.42

We report the detection of high excitation CO emission from the most distant quasar currently known, SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 (hereafter J1148+5251), at a redshift z= 6:419. The CO (J= 6! 5) and (J= 7! 6) lines were detected using the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer, showing a width of280 km s 1 . An upper flux limit for the CO ( J= 1! 0) line was obtained from observations with the Eelsberg 100-meter telescope. Assuming no gravitational magnification, we estimate a molecular gas mass of2 10 10 M.U sing the CO (3! 2) observations by Walter et al. (2003), a comparison of the line flux ratios with predictions from a large velocity gradient model suggests that the gas is likely of high excitation, at densities10 4:5 cm 3 and a temperature100 K. Since in this case the CO lines appear to have moderate optical depths, the gas must be extended over a few kpc. The gas mass detected in J1148+5251 can fuel star formation at the rate implied by the far-infrared luminosity for less than 10 million years, a time comparable to the dynamical time scale of the region. The gas must therefore be replenished quickly, and metal and dust enrichment must occur fast. The strong dust emission and the massive, dense gas reservoir at z 6:4 provide further evidence that vigorous star formation is co-eval with the rapid growth of massive black holes at these early epochs of the Universe.
Homogeneity of Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxies with Different X-Ray Properties

We have found that the stellar populations of early-type galaxies are homogeneous with no significant difference in color or Mg2 index, despite the dichotomy between X-ray-extended early-type galaxies and X-ray-compact ones. Since the X-ray properties reflect the potential gravitational structure and, hence, the process of galaxy formation, the homogeneity of the stellar populations implies that the formation of stars in early-type galaxies predates the epoch when the dichotomy of the potential structure was established.
Complete k-curvature homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds 0-modeled on an indecomposible symmetric space

For k at least 2, we exhibit complete k-curvature homogeneous neutral signature pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are not locally affine homogeneous (and hence not locally homogeneous). The curvature tensor of these manifolds is modeled on that of an indecomposible symmetric space. All the local scalar Weyl curvature invariants of these manifolds vanish.
The Role of Sociodemographic and Psychological Variables on Risk Perception of the Flu

Influenza is a source of mortality and morbidity, and vigilance of health authorities for flu viruses is high. The World Health Organization (WHO) highlighted that the first lines of defense against infectious diseases are behavioral, and risk perception affects behavioral measures. This study investigated risk perception of influenza and the role of sociodemographic and psychological variables on perceived risk. Participants were 442 adults. The research was conducted using three measures: an adjustment of the “Risk Perception of Infectious Disease Questionnaire,” the “General Self-Efficacy Scale,” and the short form of the “Italian Personality Inventory. ” The results showed that age, education, self-efficacy, and personality influenced risk perception. The evidence that sociodemographic and psychological factors contribute to risk perception of a disease shows the need to take into account these variables in the planning of informative campaigns, with the aim to achieve favorable changes in public behavior. These issues might have implications for the ameliorating health communication efforts and successful response to new influenza outbreaks.
A Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol for Iran Children Hospitals

Background: Applying utilization review programs is an appropriate solution to decrease the expenditure, and to increase the efficiency of healthcare systems. Objectives: This paper presents an instrument to measure the level of appropriate admissions and days of stay (DOS) in the pediatric public hospitals of Iran. Materials and Methods: The American version of the Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (PAEP) was modified and adjusted by our group of physicians. They carried out a retrospective study over 100 randomly selected patients. The reliability of the instrument was tested based on the consensus of reviewers using PAEP. In addition, the external validity of the instrument was studied by comparing the evaluations of the reviewers using PAEP and the individual judgments of three clinicians in two public teaching hospitals. Finally, reliability and validity were also calculated by the kappa statistic. Results: With respect to the inter-reliability testing, there was a high level of agreement between reviewers applying the instrument in the admissions criteria and days of stay. Overall agreement was > 77%; also specific inappropriate agreement and specific appropriate agreement were > 61%, and > 72%, respectively. Regarding the validity of the testing, the instrument had a sensitivity of > 0.75, specificity of > 0.67, as well as positive and negative predictive values of > 0.93, and > 0.55, respectively. The kappa statistic for the reviewers (using the instrument for admission and days of stay criteria) were substantial (k = 0.75.5 and 0.71). They were also substantial for clinicians (k = 0.73 and 0.66). Conclusions: These results showed that the modified PAEP is a reliable and valid instrument to study the appropriateness of admission and days of stay in Iran hospitals. As the developing countries, particularly, Middle East countries have the same status and culture, the result of this study (with minor changes) could be applied in these countries too.
Phonon Spectrum Engineering in Rolled-up Nano- and Micro-Architectures

We report on a possibility of efficient engineering of the acoustic phonon energy spectrum in multishell tubular structures produced by a novel high-tech method of self- organization of nano- and micro-architectures. The strain-driven roll-up procedure paved the way for novel classes of metamaterials such as single semiconductor radial micro- and nano- crystals and multi-layer spiral micro- and nano-superlattices. The acoustic phonon dispersion is determined by solving the equations of elastodynamics for InAs and GaAs material systems. It is shown that the number of shells is an important control parameter of the phonon dispersion together with the structure dimensions and acoustic impedance mismatch between the superlattice layers. The obtained results suggest that rolled up nano-architectures have potential for thermoelectric applications owing to a possibility of significant reduction of the thermal conductivity without degradation of the electronic transport.
Effects of Digital Storytelling in Mathematics Instruction on Academic Achievement and Examination of Teacher-Student Opinions on the Process

Storytelling is a popular instrument used in every domain of natural and social interaction for human communication and commonly used in classrooms to enrich the learning experience. With the use of technological tools in every field of our daily lives, its use in educational environments has become inevitable and in parallel with the development of these tools, digital stories have started to replace traditional storytelling. Digital storytelling offers advantages such as providing diverse applications in the classroom environment, personalizing the learning experience, being interesting, helping difficult subjects explained, addressing real-life-related situations, supporting active learning, allowing for the creation of costless learning environments, and improving motivation and achievement. Materializing a course such as mathematics in which abstract concepts are given, helping students use the learned information with stories and associate it with daily life, developing activities to make learning environments enjoyable when learning and applying by taking students away from the traditional understanding of instruction are considered some of the most important duties of teachers in this process. In accordance with the related considerations, this study aims to investigate the effects of mathematics courses instructed by association with digital storytelling on 8th-grade students’ academic achievements and the teacher and student opinions on the application process. The study using the quasi-experimental method was conducted with 58 students. The Achievement Test, written opinion forms to receive student opinions and interview form for teacher were prepared by the researchers to this end. At the end of the study, although no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the posttest and the delayed-posttest in terms of academic achievement score averages of the students in the experimental group were found to be higher than the score averages of the students in the control group. The results achieved in this study show that digital storytelling is a powerful instrument to create more interesting and enjoyable learning environments which facilitate association with daily life, allow for effective learning and participation. It was also stated that the students and the mathematics teacher had positive opinions on use of digital stories in the courses and its contribution to the courses.
A new recommender system framework for TV video

In recent years, recommender system has been one of the hottest topics in both industry and academia. The ability of providing personalized user experience has been a pivotal evaluation criterion to determine weather a company can be successful or not. In this paper, we fetch the first hand data from a Video Communication Co Ltd, and put forward a new recommender system framework for TV video. Based on Manhattan distance and considering programs popularity, we propose a new clustering algorithm, thus getting latent factors. According to similarity, we successfully map program to latent vector. Finally, we get the preference matrix by gradient descent method. Compared with SVD Feature on precision, recall and F1, it performs better.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM DIFFERENT EXTRAGALACTIC STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTIONS

Banerji et al. suggested that top-heavy stellar initial mass functions (IMFs) in galaxies may arise when the interstellar physical conditions inhibit low-mass star formation, and they determined the physical conditions under which this suppression may or may not occur. In this work, we explore the sensitivity of the chemistry of interstellar gas under a wide range of conditions. We use these results to predict the relative velocity-integrated antenna temperatures of the CO rotational spectrum for several models of high-redshift active galaxies which may produce both top-heavy and unbiased IMFs. We find that while active galaxies with solar metallicity (and top-heavy IMFs) produce higher antenna temperatures than those with subsolar metallicity (and unbiased IMFs), the actual rotational distribution is similar. The high-J to peak CO ratio however may be used to roughly infer the metallicity of a galaxy provided we know whether it is active or quiescent. The metallicity strongly influences the shape of the IMF. High-order CO transitions are also found to provide a good diagnostic for high far-UV intensity and low metallicity counterparts of Milky Way type systems both of which show some evidence for having top-heavy IMFs. We also compute the relative abundances of molecules known to be effective tracers of high-density gas in these galaxy models. We find that the molecules CO and CS may be used to distinguish between solar and subsolar metallicities in active galaxies at high redshift whereas HCN, HNC, and CN are found to be relatively insensitive to the IMF shape at the large visual magnitudes typically associated with extragalactic sources.
Reach & grasp therapy: Effects of the Gentle/G System assessing sub-acute stroke whole-arm rehabilitation

This paper reports preliminary results of a reach and grasp study of robot mediated neurorehabilitation. These results are presented on a case-by-case basis and give a good indication of a positive effect of robot mediated therapy. The study investigated both reach and grasp assistance and although it is not possible to attribute the response to the benefits of providing assistance of both modalities the study is a good indicator that this strategy should be pursued. The paper also reports on the benefits of motivational queues such as exercise scores and on subject attitudes to the robot mediated therapy.