Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Knowledge Structures in Computer Science Education

A novel, computer-based analysis method is presented that is built upon aggregating a set of concept maps. This allows to visualize and investigate the state and development of the knowledge structures of groups of persons. The method has been applied in three research studies in the context of computer science education. Among others, the influence of the compulsory school subject "Informatics" in Bavarian secondary schools on the knowledge structures of beginning students is investigated; a visible effect was detected.
Control of sympathetic vasomotor tone by catecholaminergic C1 neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata

Aims Increased sympathetic tone in obstructive sleep apnoea results from recurrent episodes of systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia and might be an important contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we re-evaluated the role of a specific population of sympathoexcitatory catecholaminergic C1 neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata in the control of sympathetic vasomotor tone, arterial blood pressure, and hypercapnia-evoked sympathetic and cardiovascular responses. Methods and results In anaesthetized rats in vivo and perfused rat working heart brainstem preparations in situ, C1 neurones were acutely silenced by application of the insect peptide allatostatin following cell-specific targeting with a lentiviral vector to express the inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptor. In anaesthetized rats with denervated peripheral chemoreceptors, acute inhibition of 50% of the C1 neuronal population resulted in ∼50% reduction in renal sympathetic nerve activity and a profound fall in arterial blood pressure (by ∼25 mmHg). However, under these conditions systemic hypercapnia still evoked vigorous sympathetic activation and the slopes of the CO2-evoked sympathoexcitatory and cardiovascular responses were not affected by inhibition of C1 neurones. Inhibition of C1 neurones in situ resulted in a reversible fall in perfusion pressure and the amplitude of respiratory-related bursts of thoracic sympathetic nerve activity. Conclusion These data confirm a fundamental physiological role of medullary catecholaminergic C1 neurones in maintaining resting sympathetic vasomotor tone and arterial blood pressure. However, C1 neurones do not appear to mediate sympathoexcitation evoked by central actions of CO2.
Resource-constrained reasoning using a reasoner composition approach

This paper examines the notion of innovation in contexts of policy learning and improving of social services. The study covered issues such as following: definitions of innovation, the incentives, facilitating and hindering forces to innovation, expected consequences and beneficiaries, problems of success evaluation, etc. The structured data was sought from knowledgeable agents or key actors of social policy of Lithuania. 15 respondents from organizations of three levels – Parliament, Ministry of Social Security and Labour, Municipality of Vilnius – were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Structure of the interviews and questions were prepared within the framework of EU project PUBLIN. The summary of interviews was prepared trying to stay as close as it was possible “to people’s voices“ and it gives us inductively selected points of view and beliefs which are conceptualized by issue of questions related with 10 topics. The qualitative summary of interviews let us to highlight the issues mentioned above and some findings regarding development of innovations on the level of policy and in organizations of national social sector.
Assessment of Mild Head Injury with ERPs and Neuropsychological Tasks

Abstract Mild head injury can result in the development of persistent symptoms including impairments of memory and attention in a small but significant minority. The problem in assessing these difficulties in such cases is the likely interaction of psychogenic and organic causes. The aim of the present research is to more accurately characterize the nature of these cognitive deficits. Twelve asymptomatic volunteers, who had experienced a mild head injury in the last 3.5 years, were compared to a matched control group. ERPs were recorded during the performance of the paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and a 3-stimulus auditory “oddball” task. Verbal paired associate. Trails A and B, Digit Symbol, Rey Figure Recall, NART, and Digit Span were also administered. The mild head injured group showed evidence of a mild impairment of episodic memory, slowing of attention shifting, but no changes in reaction time or error rates in either the “oddball” task or the PASAT. Although there was no evidence of im.
Regulation of a cya-lac fusion by cyclic AMP in Salmonella typhimurium

cya-lac and crp-lac operon fusions were isolated in Salmonella typhimurium by using the phage Mu d1(lac cts Apr). Both transduction and reversion analyses have indicated that lac expression is controlled by the appropriate promoter, e.g., either crpp or cyap. By using chromosomal mobilization techniques, we found that cya had a clockwise direction of transcription on the standard S. typhimurium map. The cya-lac fusions could be complemented by Escherichia coli F'133, which covers cya, with a resultant 17 to 38% decrease in cya expression. Cyclic AMP was found to be able to repress the expression of the cya-lac fusion ninefold when present at 25 mM. This repression was not seen in crp backgrounds, and hence is mediated by the cAMP receptor protein. Repression of cya was also found upon growth on carbon sources known to elicit high cyclic AMP levels.
Testing the potential of DNA barcoding in vertebrate radiations: the case of the littoral cichlids (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika

We obtained 398 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcodes of 96 morphospecies of Lake Tanganyika (LT) cichlids from the littoral zone. The potential of DNA barcoding in these fishes was tested using both species identification and species delineation methods. The best match (BM) and best close match (BCM) methods were used to evaluate the overall identification success. For this, three libraries were analysed in which the specimens were categorized into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) in three alternative ways: (A) morphologically distinct, including undescribed, species, (B) valid species and (C) complexes of morphologically similar or closely related species. For libraries A, B and C, 73, 73 and 96% (BM) and 72, 70 and 94% (BCM) of the specimens were correctly identified. Additionally, the potential of two species delineation methods was tested. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis suggested 70 hypothetical species, while the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method revealed 115 putative species. Although the ABGD method had a tendency to oversplit, it outperformed the GMYC analysis in retrieving the species. In most cases where ABGD suggested oversplitting, this was due to intraspecific geographical variation. The failure of the GMYC method to retrieve many species could be attributed to discrepancies between mitochondrial gene trees and the evolutionary histories of LT cichlid species. Littoral LT cichlids have complex evolutionary histories that include instances of hybridization, introgression and rapid speciation. Nevertheless, although the utility of DNA barcoding in identification is restricted to the level of complexes, it has potential for species discovery in cichlid radiations.
Pastoralists' Perceptions of the Endangered Grevy's Zebra in Kenya

The Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) is an endangered equid found in northern Kenya and Ethiopia on rangelands often shared by pastoral populations. The Grevy's zebra population has experienced a significant decline in the past 40 years from approximately 15,000 individuals to around 2,000–5,000. For this trend to be reversed, local people that share the pasture-land with Grevy's zebra must be involved. This study sought to identify the beliefs and levels of importance ascribed to Grevy's zebra by local people. In-depth surveys conducted in the region indicated that males and those with fewer numbers of livestock viewed the Grevy's more favorably. In addition, most respondents identified few direct benefits of the zebra, but individuals from areas with minimal tourism perceived the Grevy's zebra as providing financial benefits (e.g., via safaris). Findings suggest that outreach to local communities is needed about the benefits of the species as well as its population decline.
The discourse on multicultural education in Finland: education for whom?

Finland is experiencing increased immigration and therefore increased cultural diversity in its schools. This paper examines the multicultural education discourse in Finland by analysing the national and municipal curricula for the comprehensive school, educational policy documents and teacher education curricula. The focus is on how multicultural education is talked about and whether it is aimed at all students or only at immigrant students. The analysis shows that the existing diversity associated with bilingual students, two national churches and an indigenous population is not considered as part of multicultural education. Instead, cultural diversity is seen narrowly as ethnic, immigrant language and immigrant religious diversity. Multicultural education is therefore only intended for immigrant students. Som en följd av den tilltagande invandringen till Finland har den kulturella mångfalden i skolorna ökat. Vi gör en analys av diskursen om mångkulturell utbildning i Finland genom att granska den nationella läroplanen och de kommunala läroplanerna för den grundläggande utbildningen samt även styrdokument gällande utbildning och lärarutbildningarnas studieprogram. Fokus ligger på hur mångkulturell utbildning diskuteras och huruvida den riktar sig till alla elever eller endast till elever med invandrarbakgrund. Analysen visar att den existerande mångfalden som innefattar tvåspråkighet, två folkkyrkor och den samiska ursprungsbefolkningen inte anses vara en del av den mångkulturella undervisningen. Kulturell mångfald begränsas till etnisk diversitet samt till invandrarnas språkliga och religiösa mångfald. Mångkulturell utbildning är således endast avsedd för invandrarelever.
The diachrony of quotation: Evidence from New Zealand English

Abstract Much recent work on English direct quotation assumes that the system is undergoing rapid and large-scale change via the emergence of “innovative” forms such as be like. This view is supported by synchronic evidence, but the dearth of diachronic evidence forces reconsideration of this assumption. Drawing on data representing the full history of New Zealand English, this paper presents a variationist analysis of the quotative system, providing a continuous link between present-day quotation and that of the late 19th century. It reveals a longitudinal and multifaceted trajectory of change, resulting in a highly constrained variable grammar in which language-internal contextual factors have evolved and specialized, the effects of which reverberate throughout the sector.
OpenVRoute: An open architecture for high-performance programmable virtual routers

In recent years network virtualization has emerged as an essential instrument for spurring innovation and consolidating resources. As a key technology, router virtualization enables the operation of multiple logical router instances within a single box. However, both commercial hardware solutions and PC-based software prototypes exhibit limitations in terms of programmability, memory, forwarding performance or port density. In this paper, we present OpenVRoute, an architecture that satisfies the requirements for router virtualization by combining the advantages of commodity switches and server hardware while mitigating their inherent shortcomings. Open-VRoute provides a transparent binding between the logical and physical router resources, using OpenFlow as a glue between the individual architecture components. OpenVRoute employs a split forwarding plane, caching high data-rate flows in an external OpenFlow switch while processing low-volume traffic in a software datapath hosted on a server. We exemplify the OpenVRoute architecture, and evaluate the performance and scalability of the main components.
Facebook Photo Activity Associated with Body Image Disturbance in Adolescent Girls

The present study examined the relationship between body image and adolescent girls' activity on the social networking site (SNS) Facebook (FB). Research has shown that elevated Internet "appearance exposure" is positively correlated with increased body image disturbance among adolescent girls, and there is a particularly strong association with FB use. The present study sought to replicate and extend upon these findings by identifying the specific FB features that correlate with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. A total of 103 middle and high school females completed questionnaire measures of total FB use, specific FB feature use, weight dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, thin ideal internalization, appearance comparison, and self-objectification. An appearance exposure score was calculated based on subjects' use of FB photo applications relative to total FB use. Elevated appearance exposure, but not overall FB usage, was significantly correlated with weight dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, thin ideal internalization, and self-objectification. Implications for eating disorder prevention programs and best practices in researching SNSs are discussed.
New Evidence for the Role of Ceramide in the Development of Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Aim There are few and contradictory data on the role of excessive accumulation of intracellular sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, in the development of hepatic insulin resistance. In our study we assessed accumulated sphingolipid fractions and clarify the mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance development as well as involvement of fatty acid and ceramide transporters in this process. Methods In culture of primary rat hepatocytes, exposed to high concentration of palmitic acid (0.75mM) during short and prolonged incubation, high performance liquid chromatography was used to assess intra- and extracellular sphingolipid fractions content. Degree of palmitate-induced insulin resistance was estimated by measuring changes in phosphorylation of insulin pathway proteins by western blotting as well as changes in expression of different type of transporters. Results In our study short and prolonged exposure of primary hepatocytes to palmitic acid resulted in increased intracellular accumulation of ceramide which inhibited insulin signaling pathway. We observed a significant increase in the expression of fatty-acid transport protein (FATP2) and ceramide transfer protein (CERT) what is consistent with enhanced intracellular ceramide content. The content of extracellular ceramide was increased nearly threefold after short and twofold after long incubation period. Expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) was increased significantly mainly after short palmitate incubation. Conclusion Our data showed that increase in intarcellular ceramide content contributes to the development of hepatic insulin resistance. We suggest pivotal role of transporters in facilitating fatty acid influx (FATP2), accumulation of ceramides (CERT) and export to the media (MTP and ABCA1).
Profile of a terrorist

One of the research needs under the topic “terrorism” has been to establish a sociological profile of terrorists active in the contemporary urban phenomenon. Using data predominantly from foreign news sources, the authors posit a general profile of today's terrorist. Statistics compiled on over 350 known terrorists from eighteen Middle Eastern, Latin American, West European and Japanese groups revealed the composite terrorist as a single male, aged 22 to 24, with at least a partial university education, most often in the humanities. Terrorists who have practiced vocations have generally been in law, medicine, journalism, teaching and—in only Turkish and Iranian groups—engineering and technical occupations. Today's terrorist comes from an affluent middle‐ or upper‐class family that enjoys some social prestige. The university served as the recruiting ground for all but one of the groups surveyed, and it was there that most terrorists were first exposed to the ideas of Marxism or other revolutionary theories.
Cyclotomic Nazarov-Wenzl Algebras

Abstract Nazarov [Naz96] introduced an infinite dimensional algebra, which he called the affine Wenzl algebra, in his study of the Brauer algebras. In this paper we study certain “cyclotomic quotients” of these algebras. We construct the irreducible representations of these algebras in the generic case and use this to show that these algebras are free of rank rn (2n−1)! (when Ω is u-admissible). We next show that these algebras are cellular and give a labelling for the simple modules of the cyclotomic Nazarov-Wenzl algebras over an arbitrary field. In particular, this gives a construction of all of the finite dimensional irreducible modules of the affine Wenzl algebra.
Young women, late modern politics, and the participatory possibilities of online cultures

New technologies are often perceived as important resources in attracting young people to formal politics, but less is known about how young people use them to create participatory practice on their own terms. This article examines young women's less conventional technology-enabled political and social activity in order to understand how these are operating as emergent modes of participation in a new political environment. It explores young women's use of online DIY culture, blogs, social networking sites and related technologies to open up questions about what counts as politics, and what is possible as politics for young people, and young women in particular, at the present moment. It suggests that these activities represent new directions in activism, the construction of new participatory communities, and the development of new kinds of public selves, while also telling us important things about the limits of the kinds of conventional citizen subject positions offered to young women at this time.
Siblings in the development of executive control and a theory of mind

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the relationship between siblings and theory of mind might be mediated by executive abilities. The participants were 119 children from a lower income community, between the ages of 3 and 5, who completed an executive function battery and tests of an understanding of mind. The correlation data suggested a link between siblings and executive control and between theory of mind and executive control but, surprisingly, not between siblings and theory of mind. A further experiment with 71 children indirectly highlighted the potential contaminating influence of socio-economic status (SES) on the sibling advantage in theory of mind. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for age and verbal IQ, discriminated between the types of executive processes most likely to predict performance in mental understanding. The implications of this result are discussed in terms of a ‘primary’ and 'secondary’ executive deficit account.
Uniformity and diversity in religious education in Northern Ireland

This paper considers the tension that can exist in the aims of religious education between the desire to encourage open‐minded, critical thinking through exposure to diverse traditions, ideas and cultures and the encouragement, overt or otherwise, into uniformity whereby learners take on the values of a particular tradition, culture or ideology (say of a religion, family or school). The particular situation of teaching religious education to post‐primary school pupils in Northern Ireland is considered, and evidence cited to suggest that the Northern Ireland Core Syllabus in Religious Education has tried to impose a particular non‐denominational Christian uniformity on pupils and teachers through its use of religious language. This has contributed to a culture of ‘avoidance’ in relation to the teaching of broad Christian diversity. The article concludes that there is a need for an ongoing and meaningful dialogue to discover what kind of balance between uniformity and diversity is best in teaching religious.
Team effectiveness under stress: a structural contingency approach

To examine whether working under stressful circumstances restricts or enhances team effectiveness, a structural contingency model for team effectiveness was tested by focusing on job structuring (mechanistic/organic structuring) as a key factor, which interacts with qualitative and quantitative stress on team attitude (team commitment) and outcomes (team effectiveness). Findings from 73 primary care teams indicated that mechanistic structuring for teams working under quantitative stress was positively associated with team commitment, which in turn fostered team effectiveness, whereas organic structuring for working under qualitative stress improved team effectiveness. Furthermore, team commitment mediated the relationships between stress and structuring and team effectiveness. These findings support a structural contingency model for improving team effectiveness under stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrastructure Support for Contextual Applications - An Experience Report

In this article we report our experience on building a contextual application with two different middlewares: the Context Toolkit from Georgia Tech and the Coordination Language Facility (CLF) from XRCE. In our email notifier sample application people receive audible or visual notifications about selected incoming emails at their current locations, e.g. in a colleague’s room. Although rather straightforward, this application provides a good starting point for discussing requirements on software infrastructures for contextual computing.
Implementing Assertive Community Treatment in Diverse Settings for People Who Are Homeless With Co-Occurring Mental and Addictive Disorders: A Series of Case Studies

The Assertive Community Treatment model (ACT) was developed more than 30 years ago to treat individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. This qualitative study highlights practical challenges encountered when establishing ACT teams in diverse settings serving people who are homeless with co-occurring mental and addictive disorders (COD). Program administrators and evaluators from nine programs located in seven states completed a survey on implementation challenges, fidelity, modifications to the ACT model, and program successes. Challenges encountered related largely to staffing and funding limitations as well as to difficulties with implementing the ACT model without modifications. Several modifications to the model were believed beneficial to recruiting and retaining consumers. These included emphasizing housing, adding staff positions not prescribed by ACT, implementing mini-teams within the program, delivering in-office services in a group format, and placing time-limited services by transitioning consumers to less intensive settings. Successes included reduction in hospitalizations, psychiatric symptoms, and substance abuse. Stabilization of consumers was attributed largely to housing assistance and maintenance; medication adherence; and delivery of intensive, multidisciplinary services including substance abuse treatment. Implications of this study suggest the need to adapt the ACT model for people who are homeless with COD by tailoring program staffing and service delivery. Furthermore, there is a need for a measure capable of assessing ACT fidelity in the context of both housing models and integrated treatment for the homeless population.