Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Credible managerial vision

We develop a model in which managers choose whether or not to reveal their “vision” for the future of their companies. Visionary managers are valuable because they generate incentives for workers to develop profitable innovations for the firm. However, managerial vision is not necessarily credible. After workers have invested in developing ideas, there is no a priori reason for a manager to keep her earlier promises when new contingencies arise and make it profitable to change the firm’s strategic direction. We show that credible managerial vision will arise in equilibrium when managers have career concerns. In order to credibly implement their visions, managers issue public “mission statements” to motivate workers. Mission statements are not legally binding contracts and their value comes solely from their effects on managerial opportunities outside the firm. Among the new implications of the model, we show that managerial vision is more likely to be credible in industries in which managerial turnover is high and in which the managerial skill premium is high. Differently from the related literature that take managerial biases as exogenous, we show not only that biases increase workers’ incentives, but also that the need to provide incentives to workers increases managers’ incentives to become credible visionaries. ∗Graduate School of Economics, Getulio Vargas Foundation, and Department of Economics, University of Chicago, respectively. E-mail addresses: dferreira@fgv.br, mrezende@uchicago.edu.
Design and Complexity Optimization of a New Digital IF for Software Radio Receivers With Prescribed Output Accuracy

This paper studies the design, signal round-off noise, and complexity optimization of a new digital intermediate frequency (IF) architecture for a software radio receiver (SRR). The IF under study consists of digital filters with fixed coefficients, except for a limited number of multipliers required in the Farrow-based sampling rate converter (SRC). The fixed-coefficient filters can be implemented efficiently using sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) coefficients and the multiplier-block technique, which gives minimum adder realization. Apart from the multipliers required in the SRC, the digital IF can be implemented without any multiplications. While most multiplier- less filter design and realization methods address only the coefficient round-off problem by minimizing the number of SOPOT terms used, the proposed design methodology aims to minimize more realistic hardware complexity measure, such as adder cells and registers, of the digital IF subject to a given spectral and accuracy specifications. The motivation is that the complexity is closely related to the target output accuracy, which is specified statistically by its total output noise power generated by rounding the intermediate data. Two novel algorithms for optimizing the internal wordlengths of linear time-invariant systems are proposed. The first one relaxes the solution to real valued and formulates the design problem as a constrained optimization. A closed-form solution can be determined by the Lagrange multiplier method. The second one is based on a discrete optimization method called the Marginal Analysis method, and it yields the desired wordlengths in integer values. Both approaches are found to be effective and suitable to large scale systems. A design example and the field programmable gate array (FPGA) realization of a multi-standard receiver are given to demonstrate the proposed method
Rapid Uncoating of Vector Genomes Is the Key toEfficient Liver Transduction with Pseudotyped Adeno-Associated VirusVectors

ABSTRACT Transduction of the liver with single-stranded adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vectors is inefficient; less than 10% of hepatocytes are permissive for stable transduction, and transgene expression is characterized by a lag phase of up to 6 weeks. AAV2-based vector genomes packaged inside AAV6 or AAV8 capsids can transduce the liver with higher efficiency, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been determined. We now show that the primary barrier to transduction of the liver with vectors based on AAV2 capsids is uncoating of vector genomes in the nucleus. The majority of AAV2 genomes persist as encapsidated single-stranded molecules within the nucleus for as long as 6 weeks after vector administration. Double-stranded vector genomes packaged inside AAV2 capsids are at least 50-fold more active than single-stranded counterparts, but these vectors also exhibit a lag phase before maximal gene expression. Vector genomes packaged inside AAV6 or AAV8 capsids do not persist as encapsidated molecules and are more biologically active than vector genomes packaged inside AAV2 capsids. Our data suggest that the rate of uncoating of vector genomes determines the ability of complementary plus and minus single-stranded genomes to anneal together and convert to stable, biologically active double-stranded molecular forms.
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Di Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Komitmen Organisasional yang mempunyai tiga dimensi yaitu, Komitmen Afektif, Komitmen Berkelanjutan dan Komitmen Normatif dimana penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior di Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah semua karyawan dari Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya dengan menggunakan teknik sensus dengan populasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Komitmen Organisasional berpengaruh kepada Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Komitmen Afektif dan Komitmen Berkelanjutan berpengaruh terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, sedangkan Komitmen Normatif memiliki pengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior di Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya. This research focuses on Organizational Commitment which has three dimensions consist of, Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment and Normative Commitment where this research is used to know the influence of Organizational Commitment to Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya. The respondents in this study were all employees of Hotel Gunawangsa Manyar Surabaya by using census technique with population. The result of the analysis shows that Organizational Commitment has an effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Affective Commitment and Continuance Commitment have an effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, while Normative Commitment has an effect positive but not significant on Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Gunawangsa Manyar Hotel Surabaya.
Employment security and health

Objective: To study the relation of contractual and perceived employment security to employee health. Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Municipal sector employees in eight Finnish towns. Participants: 5981 employees with a permanent contract and 2786 employees with a non-permanent contract (2194 fixed term contract, 682 government subsidised contract). Outcome measures: Poor self rated health, chronic disease, and psychological distress. Results: Compared with permanent employees, fixed term men and women had better self rated health (men odds ratio 0.70; 95% confidence intervals 0.50 to 0.98, women 0.70 (0.60 to 0.82) and less chronic disease (men 0.69; 0.52 to 0.91; women 0.89; 0.79 to 1.02), but women had more psychological distress (1.26; 1.09 to 1.45). The only difference between subsidised employees and permanent employees was the high level of psychological distress in women (1.35; 1.09 to 1.68). Low perceived employment security was associated with poor health across all three indicators. The association of low perceived security with psychological distress was significantly stronger in permanent employees than among fixed term and subsidised employees, indicating that perceived security is more important for mental health among employees with a permanent contract. Conclusions: Contractual security and perceived security of employment are differently associated with health. It is therefore important to distinguish between these aspects of employment security in studies of labour market status and health. Such studies will also need to control for health selection, which is unlikely to operate in the same way among permanent and non-permanent employees.
Contributors to depression in Latino and European-American patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To determine the independent and cumulative contributions of diabetes and other life stresses on depression and anxiety in Latino and European-American (EA) patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 75 Latino and 113 EA patients with type 2 diabetes, recruited from managed care settings, were assessed regarding three groups of potential stresses: demographics (age, sex, and education), disease status (functional impact, time since diagnosis, comorbidities, HbA(1c), and BMI), and family stress (financial stress, spouse conflict resolution, and family closeness). Dependent variables were depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]) and anxiety (Symptom Checklist [SCL-90]). Multiple regression equations assessed the independent contribution of each predictor on depression and anxiety. RESULTS For both ethnic groups, education, functional impact, and financial stress significantly and independently predicted depression; poor spouse conflict resolution was a fourth significant predictor for EA patients only. The equations accounted for a high percentage of variance (43- 55%). Excluding education, the same variables predicted anxiety for both ethnic groups. The disease status and family stress variable groups significantly predicted outcomes independently. The relationships among these variables and depression and anxiety generally occurred for all patients, not only for those classified as likely depressed. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the utility of considering many life stresses, not just diabetes alone, that combine to affect depression and anxiety. We suggest that these effects are experienced cumulatively as general psychological distress for all patients with diabetes, not just those classified as likely depressed. Taken together, the findings emphasize a life-centered, patient-focused approach to the treatment of depression, rather than an exclusive disease-related perspective.
Immunomodulatory properties of cacao extracts – potential consequences for medical applications

Anti-inflammatory properties of cacao, fruits of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae), are well documented, and therapeutic applications are described for gastrointestinal, nervous, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Most, if not all of these disease conditions involve inflammation or immune activation processes. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and related biochemical pathways like tryptophan breakdown by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and neopterin formation are deeply involved in their pathogenesis. Neopterin concentrations and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp, an estimate of IDO activity) are elevated in a significant proportion of patients with virus infections, cancer, autoimmune syndrome, neurodegeneration, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, higher neopterin and Kyn/Trp concentrations are indicative for poor prognosis. When investigating the effect of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of cacao on IFN-γ, neopterin and Kyn/Trp concentrations in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, breakdown of tryptophan by IDO, and formation of neopterin and IFN-γ were dose-dependently suppressed. The effects observed in the cell-based assays are associated with the antioxidant activity of the cacao extracts as determined by the cell-free oxygen radical absorption capacity assay. The influence of cacao extracts on IDO activity could be of particular relevance for some of the beneficial health effects ascribed to cacao: tryptophan breakdown by IDO is strongly involved in immunoregulation, and the diminished availability of tryptophan limits the biosynthesis of neurotransmitter serotonin. The inhibition of tryptophan breakdown by cacao constituents could thus be relevant not only for immune system restoration in patients, but also contribute to mood elevation and thereby improve quality of life. However, the available data thus far are merely in vitro only and future studies need to investigate the influence of cacao on tryptophan metabolism in vivo.
Estimating the H i gas fractions of galaxies in the local Universe

We use a sample of 800 galaxies with H I mass measurements from the HyperLeda catalogue and optical photometry from the fourth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to calibrate a new photometric estimator of the H i-to-stellar-mass ratio for nearby galaxies. Our estimator, which is motivated by the Kennicutt-Schmidt star formation law, is log 10 (G H1 /S) = - 1.73238(g - r) + 0.215 182μ i - 4.08451, where μ i is the i-band surface brightness and g - r is the optical colour estimated from the g- and r-band Petrosian apparent magnitudes. This estimator has a scatter of σ = 0.31 dex in log (G HI /S), compared to σ ∼ 0.4 dex for previous estimators that were based on colour alone. We investigate whether the residuals in our estimate of log (G HI /S) depend in a systematic way on a variety of different galaxy properties. We find no effect as a function of stellar mass or 4000 A break strength, but there is a systematic effect as a function of the concentration index of the light. We then apply our estimator to a sample of 10 5 emission-line galaxies in the SDSS Data Release 4 (DR4) and derive an estimate of the H I mass function, which is in excellent agreement with recent results from H I blind surveys. Finally, we re-examine the well-known relation between gas-phase metallicity and stellar mass, and ask whether there is a dependence on H I-to-stellar-mass ratio, as predicted by chemical evolution models. We do find that gas-poor galaxies are more metal rich at fixed stellar mass. We compare our results with the semi-analytic models of De Lucia & Blaizot, which include supernova feedback, as well as the cosmological infall of gas.
Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults.

AIMS To investigate the association of chocolate consumption with measured blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Dietary intake, including chocolate, and BP were assessed at baseline (1994-98) in 19 357 participants (aged 35-65 years) free of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and not using antihypertensive medication of the Potsdam arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Incident cases of MI (n = 166) and stroke (n = 136) were identified after a mean follow-up of approximately 8 years. Mean systolic BP was 1.0 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.6 to -0.4 mmHg] and mean diastolic BP 0.9 mmHg (95% CI -1.3 to -0.5 mmHg) lower in the top quartile compared with the bottom quartile of chocolate consumption. The relative risk of the combined outcome of MI and stroke for top vs. bottom quartiles was 0.61 (95% CI 0.44-0.87; P linear trend = 0.014). Baseline BP explained 12% of this lower risk (95% CI 3-36%). The inverse association was stronger for stroke than for MI. CONCLUSION Chocolate consumption appears to lower CVD risk, in part through reducing BP. The inverse association may be stronger for stroke than for MI. Further research is needed, in particular randomized trials.
Bounds on Mixed Binary/Ternary Codes

Upper and lower bounds are presented for the maximal possible size of mixed binary/ternary error-correcting codes. A table up to length 13 is included. The upper bounds are obtained by applying the linear programming bound to the product of two association schemes. The lower bounds arise from a number of different constructions.
High-Level Scheduling of Energy Optimal Trajectories

The reduction of energy consumption is today addressed with great effort in manufacturing industry. In this paper, we improve upon a previously presented method for robotic system scheduling. By applying dynamic programming to existing trajectories, we generate new energy optimal trajectories that follow the same path but in a different execution time frame. With this new method, it is possible to solve the optimization problem for a range of execution times for the individual operations, based on one simulation only. The minimum energy trajectories can then be used to derive a globally energy optimal schedule. A case study of a cell comprised of four six-link manipulators is presented, in which energy optimal dynamic time scaling is compared to linear time scaling. The results show that a significant decrease in energy consumption can be achieved for any given cycle time.
UK Political Parties’ Youth Factions: A Glance at the Future of Political Parties

After a long decline in membership in political parties across Western democracies, parties in the UK have seen an upsurge, especially in young members. Surprisingly, few studies have explored young members of political parties. This article addresses this gap and examines the following: Who are the young party activists? What do they think about politics? What are their motivations for political participation? This article draws on a unique dataset of activists in the three main parties youth factions in the UK. It finds that the youth faction activists have very similar socioeconomic backgrounds, perceive themselves to be politically effective and hold quite positive views about politicians. The analysis also shows that these young people do not consider their youth faction to be the only way for them to influence politics and are not self-interestedly motivated—that is, joining to begin or advance a political career. Finally, the article proposes improvements as to how political parties, and their youth factions, engage with young people in order to secure their future viability.
A Non-perturbative approach to non-commutative scalar field theory

Non-commutative euclidean scalar field theory is shown to have an eigenvalue sector which is dominated by a well-defined eigenvalue density, and can be described by a matrix model. This is established using regularizations of 2n? via fuzzy spaces for the free and weakly coupled case, and extends naturally to the non-perturbative domain. It allows to study the renormalization of the effective potential using matrix model techniques, and is closely related to UV/IR mixing. In particular we find a phase transition for the 4 model at strong coupling, to a phase which is identified with the striped or matrix phase. The method is expected to be applicable in 4 dimensions, where a critical line is found which terminates at a non-trivial point, with nonzero critical coupling. This provides evidence for a non-trivial fixed-point for the 4-dimensional NC 4 model.
Personality Disorders in Persons with Gender Identity Disorder

Background. Investigations in the field of gender identity disorder (GID) have been mostly related to psychiatric comorbidity and severe psychiatric disorders, but have focused less on personality and personality disorders (PDs). Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of PDs in persons with GID as compared to cisgendered (a cisgender person is a person who is content to remain the gender they were assigned at birth) heterosexuals, as well as to biological sex. Methods. The study sample consisted of 30 persons with GID and 30 cisgendered heterosexuals from the general population. The assessment of PDs was conducted by application of the self-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II PDs (SCID-II). Results. Persons with GID compared to cisgender heterosexuals have higher presence of PDs, particularly Paranoid PD, avoidant PDs, and comorbid PDs. In addition, MtF (transwomen are people assigned male at birth who identify as women) persons are characterized by a more severe psychopathological profile. Conclusions. Assessment of PDs in persons with GID is of great importance as it comprises a key part of personalized treatment plan tailoring, as well as a prognostic factor for sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) outcome.
Prevalence and correlated factors of lifetime suicidal ideation in adults in Ningxia, China

Aim Compare the prevalence and associated factors of lifetime suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in the Hui and Han ethnic groups in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Methods Using a probability proportionate to size sampling method and villages (in rural areas) or neighborhoods (in urban areas) as primary sampling units, 5880 residents aged 18 and over were sampled. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a computer-administered Chinese version of the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Factors associated with self-reported lifetime suicidal ideation were identified using logistic regression models. Results Of the 4789 (81.4%) persons who completed the survey, the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts were 5.30% (95% confidence interval [CI]=4.66-5.93%), 1.52% (CI=1.17-1.86%), and 0.77% (CI=0.52-1.02%), respectively. The age standardized rate of lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicidal planning were significantly higher in the largely Muslim Hui ethnic group (n=1955) than in the largely atheist Han ethnic group (n=2834); the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempt was also higher in the Hui group, but only at the trend level (p=0.20). Factors independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation were female gender (odds ratio [OR]=2.07), being divorced or widowed (OR=2.02), rural residence (OR=1.95), mood disorder in the prior year (OR=1.96), other mental disorder in the prior year (OR=2.99), and self-reported poor physical health in the prior year (OR=2.21). After adjustment for these factors, ethnicity was not independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation, but stratified analyses by ethnic group found some differences in the factors associated with lifetime suicidal ideation between Hui and Han respondents. Conclusions Contrary to previous studies, we found that lifetime suicidal ideation was more common in a Muslim ethnic group than in a non-Muslim ethnic group of Ningxia, but this difference did not persist in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for gender, mental disorders and other factors.
Force controlled robotic assembly without a force sensor

The traditional way of controlling an industrial robot is to program it to follow desired trajectories. This approach is sufficient as long as the accuracy of the robot and the calibration of the workcell is good enough. In robotic assembly these conditions are usually not fulfilled, because of uncertainties, e.g., variability in involved parts and objects not gripped accurately. Using force control is one way to handle these difficulties. This paper presents a method of doing force control without a force sensor. The method is based on detuning of the low-level joint control loops, and the force is estimated from the control error. It is experimentally verified in a small part assembly task with a kinematically redundant robotic manipulator.