Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking of organisation’s manager performance applying with AE3Q

Nowadays, continual improvement, reaching organisational excellence and achieving customer satisfaction in all areas of activates in an organisation has gained much importance. In this regard, benchmarking will help the organisation to reach excellence level. This article has studied benchmarking of a manager in an organisation by exploiting a proposed new framework [a combination of the AHP, EFQM, 360 degree approach and QFD (AE3Q)]. Library research method has been used for data gathering in theoretical research phase and a semi-organised questionnaire in applied research phase. Employees, stakeholders, managers and customers of two different organisations of an industry have been selected as the data tool. Sampling from employees has been conducted by grouping method while simple random method has been used for customers and stakeholders. One of the findings of this article is performance improvement of manager in an organisation by modelling of a high performance organisation and based on the prioritised performance criteria of that organisation. Other results include providing the relationship between the manager performance and the organisation performance by the help of proposed model and setting priorities for the enablers of organisational excellence model.
KIR‐Ligand Mismatches Are Associated With Reduced Long‐Term Graft Survival in HLA‐Compatible Kidney Transplantation

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system with the ability to detect HLA class I disparities via killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR). To test whether such KIR‐ligand mismatches contribute to the rejection of human solid allografts, we did a retrospective cohort study of 397 HLA‐DR‐compatible kidney transplantations and determined the KIR and HLA genotypes of recipients and the HLA genotypes of donors. In transplantations compatible for HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DR (n = 137), in which a role for T cells and HLA antibodies in rejection was minimized, KIR‐ligand mismatches were associated with an approximately 25% reduction in 10‐year death‐censored graft survival (p = 0.043). This effect was comparable to the effect of classical HLA‐A and HLA‐B incompatibility, and in HLA‐A,‐B‐incompatible transplantations (n = 260) no significant additional effect of KIR‐ligand mismatches was observed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the effect of KIR‐ligand mismatching as an independent risk factor in HLA‐A,‐B,‐DR‐compatible transplantations (hazard ratio 2.29, range 1.03–5.10, p = 0.043). This finding constitutes the first indication that alloreactive NK cells may thwart the success of HLA‐compatible kidney transplantations, and suggests that suppression of NK‐cell activity can improve the survival of such kidney grafts.
Taught and enacted strategic approaches in young enterprises

The relevance of the planning approach for innovative and for young entrepreneurial firms had been subject to debate. It has been argued that planning dampens the realisation of entrepreneurial vision. This study examines the enacted strategy approaches of entrepreneurs who had studied on a Graduate Enterprise programme that aimed to help them to start a business. The approaches they used to strategy formation were compared to the planning approach that had been emphasised to them seven to 12 years earlier. Data were gathered through non‐directive interviews, and were analysed using survey and case study methods. The formation of strategy by these entrepreneurs relied more on emergent than planning approaches, but some elements of the planning approach were strongly associated with growth. Some key resources were essential for the firms and their strategy formation processes. These were key personal relationships, with whom and through whom the entrepreneurs found ways of enacting their visions – the essence of their strategy process. Implications for curriculum and course development are given.
Managing and Organizations: An Introduction to Theory and Practice

Introduction PART ONE: MAKING SENSE OF MANAGEMENT Making Sense of Management History, Science, Perspectives Managing Rationalities Modernity, Postmodernity, Embeddedness Managing Realities Pathologies, New Forms, Dialectics PART TWO: MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS Managing Organization Design Structure - Environment - Fit Managing Power and Politics in Organizations Resistance - Empowerment - Ethics Managing Organizational Behavior Personalities - Teams - Emotions Managing Leadership Motivation, Inspiration, Transformation Managing Cultures Values - Practice - Manipulation Managing Communications Identity - Sensemaking - Polyphony PART THREE: MANAGING CHANGE Managing Knowledge and Learning Communities, Collaboration, Boundaries Managing Innovation and Change Creativity - Chaos - Foolishness Managing Strategy Competition - Games - Differences Managing Globalization Global Flows - Winners and Losers - Local Specialization
The role of automatic number plate recognition surveillance within policing and public reassurance

This Thesis examines the role that Automatic Number Plate Recognition surveillance plays within policing and public reassurance. The thesis is improvement orientated, exploring how ANPR could become a more effective policing tool and highlights implications for future policies and practice. The first two chapters set the context for the research, explaining what ANPR is, its place within criminology and gaps in research addressed in the Thesis. The literature review calls for a better understanding of ANPR’s potential and role as an investigative tool and an examination of the public’s views about ANPR surveillance. In the third chapter, reference is made to available methods used to address such objectives. Chapters Four, Five and Six present the results emerging from the empirical work in this Thesis. Chapter Four is concerned with police perceptions regarding current ANPR practice. The thesis highlights the complexity of translating policy into practice in the current political and economic climate, where objectives and priorities dictated by the government are constantly shifting. Continuing its improvement orientation, Chapter Five covers public perceptions about ANPR and outlines ways to address the balance between privacy and security without endangering both. The potential impact of ANPR on crime and ways to measure it is the topic of Chapter Six, which argues that establishing a causal link between ANPR and crime is not a straightforward process. The concluding chapter talks about the implications of the study and any interesting future avenues for research. The emerging findings from this research sit uncomfortably with the opinions and predictions of both supporters and opponents of ANPR alike and shed light not only on the management and use of ANPR by the police in Britain, but also on many of the ethical issues raised by the emergence of new surveillance technologies.
Lymph node dissection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a critical review of the literature to date

Definite policy or evidence in regards to the lymph node dissection (LND) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) does not exist at present. We review and summarize the current knowledge about LND for ICC in reference to the literature to date. A Pubmed search was done to find the relevant literature. Only English literature from 2000 to 2013 was retrieved, using key words “intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma” and “lymph node”. In all selected articles, those which included a description of the difference in the survival results between the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM), execution rate of LND, or institutional policy for LND were included in this review. In all reviewed articles, survival results of the LNM‐positive group, evaluated by the 5‐year survival rate, median survival time, or recurrence‐free survival time were clearly worse than the LNM‐negative group. However, the execution rate of LND was not often assessed, and therefore precise evaluation for the efficacy of LND is still controversial. Randomized controlled trials under the definite LND policy should be conducted to obtain precise survival results and clinical evaluation criteria for LND.
Incentives for Fertilizer Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Empirical Evidence on Fertilizer Response and Profitability

This research addresses two questions: Why is fertilizer not yet fulfilling its potential as a major stimulus to agricultural productivity in SSA? What can be done to improve the situation? Our answers are based on an extensive review of fertilizer response, profitability, and policy literature as well as some analysis of crop budgets and aggregate national statistics on fertilizer consumption. Much of the debate about fertilizer use in SSA focuses on two issues: whether the profit incentive is adequate and, if so, whether farmers have the capacity to access and use it.
Manual therapy in the treatment of ankle hemophilic arthropathy. A randomized pilot study

Abstract Purpose: Although physiotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing ankle arthropathy compared to prophylaxis treatment from early ages, there have been no conclusive studies examining physiotherapy intervention once hemophilic arthropathy of the ankle has been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two physiotherapy interventions, in patients with hemophilic arthropathy of the ankle that had not been operated on previously. Method: Nine patients with hemophilia (mean age of 35.7 SD 11.9 years) were randomized to a mobilization group (n = 5) and manual therapy group (n = 4). The two physiotherapy interventions were: (1) passive mobilization and stretching; and (2) manual orthopaedic therapy, both with proprioception training. The study lasted for six weeks, with two sessions a week. Ankle mobility and pain perception, lower limb proprioception and quality of life were the outcome measures. Results: Both treatments improved all ankle movements (p < 0.05). The treatment with passive mobilizations also improved the perception of pain and quality of life. Six months later, both groups still had improved articular movement with the exception of plantar flexion and continued to perceive less pain. Conclusions: Both physiotherapy interventions improved the range of movement and lessened pain in patients with ankle arthropathy. No haemarthrosis was recorded during treatment or during the follow-up period.
Knowledge Sharing and Innovative Work Behaviour in Healthcare: A Micro‐Level Investigation of Direct and Indirect Effects

This study presents a micro-level investigation that provides new insights into how employees' knowledge sharing affects their own innovative work behaviours (IWBs). Our study posited three mechanisms linking an individual's knowledge sharing behaviours to his or her own IWBs: (i) a direct effect whereby the act of sharing elicits a recombination and translation of knowledge that facilitates innovation; (ii) an indirect effect whereby knowledge sharing creates social conditions (i.e., reciprocation with new knowledge) for innovation; (iii) a distal effect whereby the antecedents of knowledge sharing also promote innovation. We tested these hypotheses on 155 employees in four palliative care organizations. Our results provide original evidence that employees who share knowledge also engage more in creating, promoting and implementing innovations. This study reveals a direct, unmediated link between knowledge sharing behaviours and IWBs. Our evidence suggests that it is the act of knowledge recombination and translation embedded in knowledge sharing that exerts the most positive effect on IWBs. We discuss how this result indicates that sharing knowledge ignites transformation and exploitation capabilities that help sharers innovate their own work practices.
Discrimination by Parts: A Fixed-Effects Analysis of Starting Pay Differences across Gender

A unique employer-level data set is used to provide insight not only to the degree of discrimination that may exist , but also to the source of that potential discrimination. Results from decomposing individual wage equations indicate that, as legislatively defined, employers do not appear to be discriminating against their women hires to a large extent. When aggregated, however, the pay, job placement, and hiring discrimination estimates yield an overall discrimination estimate of a 6% gap in pay between men and women. These results suggest that a more comprehensive approach may be warranted in flagging possible discriminatory behavior.
Treatment of the bronchial tree from beginning to end: targeting small airway inflammation in asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease, characterized by airway obstruction and inflammation. Increasing evidence shows that the small airways contribute significantly to the clinical expression and severity of asthma. Traditionally, high levels of disease activity are thought to be necessary before symptoms occur in the small airways because of their large reserve capacity. However, this concept is being challenged and increasing evidence shows small airway disease to be associated with symptoms, disease severity, and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness. Particle size and distribution are of key importance when developing inhaled treatments for small airway disease. The availability of small‐particle aerosols such as HFA‐ciclesonide and HFA‐beclomethasone dipropionate (HFA‐BDP) enables a higher drug deposition into the peripheral lung and potentially provides additional clinical benefits compared with large‐particle treatment. However, improved methods are needed to monitor and assess small airway disease and its response to treatment because conventional spirometry mainly reflects large airway function. This remains a challenging area requiring further research. The aim of the current manuscript is to review the clinical relevance of small airway disease and the implications for the treatment of asthma.
Computational models of trust and reputation: agents, evolutionary games, and social networks

Many recent studies of trust and reputation are made in the context of commercial reputation or rating systems for online communities. Most of these systems have been constructed without a formal rating model or much regard for our sociological understanding of these concepts. We first provide a critical overview of the state of research on trust and reputation. We then propose a formal quantitative model for the rating process. Based on this model, we formulate two personalized rating schemes and demonstrate their effectiveness at inferring trust experimentally using a simulated dataset and a real world movie-rating dataset. Our experiments show that the popular global rating scheme widely used in commercial electronic communities is inferior to our personalized rating schemes when sufficient ratings among members are available. The level of sufficiency is then discussed. In comparison with other models of reputation, we quantitatively show that our framework provides significantly better estimations of reputation. “Better” is discussed with respect to a rating process and specific games as defined in this work. Secondly, we propose a mathematical framework for modeling trust and reputation that is rooted in findings from the social sciences. In particular, our framework makes explicit the importance of social information (i.e., indirect channels of inference) in aiding members of a social network choose whom they want to partner with or to avoid. Rating systems that make use of such indirect channels of inference are necessarily personalized in nature, catering to the individual context of the rater. Finally, we have extended our trust and reputation framework toward addressing a fundamental problem for social science and biology: evolution of cooperation. We show that by providing an indirect inference mechanism for the propagation of trust and reputation, cooperation among selfish agents can be explained for a set of game theoretic simulations. For these simulations in particular, our proposal is shown to have provided more cooperative agent communities than existing schemes are able to. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Szolovits Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Modularity in the Channel: The Link between Separability of Features and Learnability of Dependencies between Them

Moreton [1] argued for a distinction between analytic bias and channel bias in language learning. Analytic bias is defined as a set of cognitive predispositions for certain types of generalizations that constrains the learner but does not influence perception and production. Channel bias is defined as ‘phonetically systematic errors in transmission between speaker and hearer’. Recent studies [1, 6] document "modularity bias", whereby dependencies between consonant features and dependencies between vowel features are easier to learn than dependencies involving a vowel feature and a consonant feature. Moreton [1, 2] claims that modularity bias is an analytic bias. In this paper, I employ the Garner interference paradigm [3] to show that the modularity bias can be caused by how acoustic cues are parsed into cognitive representations in perception [4: 151-153], and therefore should be regarded as a channel bias.
ENZYMATIC FORMIATION OF INDOLE-3-CARBOXALDEHYDE FRONI INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID " , 2

It was first suggested by Tang and Bonner (14) that indole-3-carboxaldehyde is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Using the more active bean root enzyme, Wagenknecht and Burris (15) attempted without success to obtain the 2,4-dinitropheny1hydrazone of the aldehyde. On the basis of chromatographic data, Racusen (9) reports that the pea enzyme forms small amounts of the aldehyde. More recently, Wagenknecht (personal communication) has made similar observations with the bean root svstem. Ray and Thimann (10) and Ray (11) have recently reported that the enzyme from Omphalia flavida is unable to form the aldehyde. The recent work of MAaclachlan and Waygood (6) likewise has left unsettled the nature of the end product. MIanningf and Galston (7) have reported the formation in the pea system of two products having high Rf values and giving qualitative color tests which indicate a similarity to our products # 4 and # 5 (see below). They were unable to demonstrate the formation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde, and also ruled out ortho-formamidoacetophenone, ortho-aminoacetophenone, and 4-hydroxyquinoline as major end products, although they believe that the indole ring is ruptured. Chromatographic separation and spectrophotometric examination of the products of the IAA oxidase-peroxidase system from Lupinus albus L. (13) gave no indication that the aldehyde was formed; likewise, the results obtained when the chromatograms were tested with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride, modified Salkowski (3), and Ehrlich reagent suggested the absence of the aldehyde. In view of the conflicting results, attempts were made to suplement the purified IAA oxidase with the auxiliary enzyme systems presumed to be present in the crude enzyme preparations employed in the early investigations. The present report is concerned with the coupling of the oxidase system to the cytochrome oxidase system. Under these conditions the formation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde as a major reaction product was observed. Subsequent reexamination of the reaction products from the oxidase-peroxidase system, particularly those freshly prepared from etiolated lupine hypocotyls, indicated the normal formation of the aldehvde in small amounts. Therefore, in order to obtain data on
The Immediate Hardship of Unemployment: Evidence from the U.S. Unemployment Insurance Program

Abstract We examine how the reservation wage varies with the waiting time to apply for unemployment benefits. We find that the waiting time has a negative effect on the reservation wage, suggesting that unemployment generates significant and immediate harm for the unemployed. Our results are unique in that they are based on short-term, incomplete spells of unemployment that are precisely measured in weeks. We address the endogeneity of the waiting time using instrumental variables associated with errors in the unemployment insurance (UI) claim, and note that our estimates are likely a lower bound for the welfare declines experienced by the unemployed.
Nucleic Acid Homology of Murine Type-C Viral Genes

The nucleic acid sequence homology between various murine, endogenous type-C viruses (three host range classes of BALB/c virus, the AT-124 virus, and the CCL 52 virus) and two laboratory strains of murine leukemia virus (Rauscher and Kirsten) was determined by DNA:RNA hybridization. The viral sequences exhibit varying degrees of partial homology. DNA:DNA hybridizations were performed between [3H]DNA probes prepared from N- and X-tropic BALB/c endogenous viruses and cellular DNAs from BALB/c, NIH Swiss, and AKR inbred mouse strains as well as from California feral mice and the Asian mouse subspecies Mus musculus molossinus and M. musculus castaneus. All of these strains of mice are shown to possess multiple (six to seven per haploid genome), partially related copies of type-C virogenes in their DNAs. Thermal melting profiles of the DNA:RNA and DNA:DNA hybrids suggest that the partial homology of the viral nucleic acid sequences is the result of base alterations throughout the viral genomes, rather than the loss of discrete segments of viral sequences.
The Impact of Work and Non‐Work Migration on Household Welfare, Poverty and Inequality

This article estimates the impact of work migration and non-work migration on per capita income, per capita expenditures, poverty and inequality in Vietnam using data from the two most recent Vietnam Household and Living Standard Surveys. We find that both work migration and non-work migration have a positive impact on per capita expenditures of migrant-sending households. Non-work migration significantly decreases the incidence, depth and severity of national poverty. The effect of work migration on poverty is much smaller. Still, while work migration does not lift people out of poverty, it makes their poverty less severe. In addition, both work migration and non-work migration decrease inequality, albeit only very slightly.
Community Land Trusts and Indigenous Housing in Australia—Exploring Difference-Based Policy and Appropriate Housing

Previous work has highlighted the primacy of non-economic rights in Indigenous housing objectives. This paper builds on that work and Sanders' other work demonstrating the limited relevance of ‘mainstream’ home ownership for many Indigenous communities, exploring whether models based on community land trust (CLT) principles might be appropriate for articulating Indigenous housing aspirations. The paper describes current Indigenous housing scenarios in urban, regional and remote New South Wales and Queensland, and findings regarding the resonance of CLTs with Indigenous housing objectives. While dominant policy and public discourses promote Indigenous home ownership as an economic development strategy, or as requiring the alienation of Indigenous lands, the research found neither to be primary sector imperatives. The paper draws on difference-based arguments regarding Indigenous affairs arguing that a focus on diversity emerging from informed Indigenous choice finds a role for policy supporting diverse Indigenous housing aspirations.