Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dikaryons of the Basidiomycete Fungus Schizophyllum commune

The impact of ploidy on adaptation is a central issue in evolutionary biology. While many eukaryotic organisms exist as diploids, with two sets of gametic genomes residing in the same nucleus, most basidiomycete fungi exist as dikaryons in which the two genomes exist in separate nuclei that are physically paired and that divide in a coordinated manner during hyphal extension. To determine if haploid monokaryotic and dikaryotic mycelia adapt to novel environments under natural selection, we serially transferred replicate populations of each ploidy state on minimal medium for 18 months (∼13,000 generations). Dikaryotic mycelia responded to selection with increases in growth rate, while haploid monokaryotic mycelia did not. To determine if the haploid components of the dikaryon adapt reciprocally to one another's presence over time, we recovered the intact haploid components of dikaryotic mycelia at different time points (without meiosis) and mated them with nuclei of different evolutionary histories. We found evidence for coadaptation between nuclei in one dikaryotic line, in which a dominant deleterious mutation in one nucleus was followed by a compensatory mutation in the other nucleus; the mutant nuclei that evolved together had the best overall fitness. In other lines, nuclei had equal or higher fitness when paired with nuclei of other histories, indicating a heterozygote advantage. To determine if genetic exchange occurs between the two nuclei of a dikaryon, we developed a 24-locus genotyping system based on single nucleotide polymorphisms to monitor somatic exchange. We observed genetic exchange and recombination between the nuclei of several different dikaryons, resulting in genotypic variation in these mitotic cell lineages.
AGNs and galaxy interactions

We perform a statistical analysis of AGN host characteristics and nuclear activity for AGNs in pairs and without companions. Our study concerns a sample of AGNs derived from the SDSS-DR4 data by Kauffmann et al (2003) and pair galaxies obtained from the same data set by Alonso et al. (2006). An eye-ball classification of images of 1607 close pairs (rp < 25 kpc h , ∆V < 350 km s) according to the evidence of interaction through distorted morphologies and tidal features provides us with a more confident assessment of galaxy interactions from this sample. We notice that, at a given luminosity or stellar mass content, the fraction of AGNs is larger for pair galaxies exhibiting evidence for strong interaction and tidal features which also show sings of strong star formation activity. Nevertheless, this process accounts only for a ∼ 10% increase of the fraction of AGNs. As in previous works, we find AGN hosts to be redder and with a larger concentration morphological index than non-AGN galaxies. This effect does not depend whether AGN hosts are in pairs or in isolation. The OIII luminosity of AGNs with strong interaction features is found to be significantly larger than that of other AGNs, either in pairs or in isolation. Estimations of the accretion rate, L[OIII]/MBH , show that AGNs in merging pairs are actively feeding their black holes, regardless of their stellar masses. We also find that the luminosity of the companion galaxy seems to be a key parameter in the determination of the black hole activity. At a given host luminosity, both the OIII luminosity and the L[OIII]/MBH are significantly larger in AGNs with a bright companion (Mr < −20) than otherwise.
Multi-temporal RDF Ontology Versioning

In this paper, we present a multi-temporal RDF database model employing triple timestamping with temporal elements, which best preserves in the multi-temporal setting the scalability property enjoyed by triple storage technologies. The data model is equipped with manipulation operations which allow knowledge engineers to maintain a multi-temporal RDF database in order to manage temporal versions of an ontology.
The Impact of Country-of-Origin Image, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Animosity on Purchase Intention

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of country-of-origin image, consumer ethnocentrism and animosity on the purchase of domestic and foreign products in China. AMOS software was used to analyze the data from the questionnaire survey. The results indicate that the effects of consumer ethnocentrism are significant in the case of domestic and foreign products in China, and the hypotheses of country-of-origin image on purchase intention of domestic products, animosity on perceived quality of both domestic and foreign products are not supported. Implications for managers of domestic and multinational companies are also discussed.
Dielectric nanocomposites prepared by gaseous infusion

The properties of nanodielectrics have been shown to be critically dependent on the way in which the materials are formulated. Large scale agglomeration often has disastrous effects on the resultant properties when conventional techniques are used to prepare the materials. In particular, the dispersion of the nanophase material has been shown to be critical. This contribution seeks to examine the impact of a new technique which involves the formation of the nanoparticles in situ through a process of gaseous infusion. The resulting materials are characterized, and some preliminary electrical properties are documented which would indicate some promise, although there are some restrictions.
Simulating the Hydrological Impact of Green Roof Use and an Increase in Green Areas in an Urban Catchment with i-Tree: A Case Study with the Town of Fontibón in Bogotá, Colombia

Urbanization has produced various social, environmental, and hydrological impacts, such as reduced biodiversity, increased urban temperatures, ecosystem degradation, air and water pollution, changes to hydrological processes, groundwater recharge alterations, increased prevalence of floods, vegetation removal, and potential increases in unstable soils. Finding solutions to mitigate the impacts of urbanization is of vital importance in the development and planning of cities, and particularly so for developing countries. One strategy gaining momentum is the use of green roofs and larger green areas (greater green cover under trees, with the purpose of increasing the permeable area) for runoff control. In this study, a simulation was carried out using the i-Tree Hydro software that involved the urban basin in the Fontibón area of Bogotá, Colombia, with the aim of observing the hydrological benefits of trees, green areas, and permeable zones. Five scenarios were proposed in which green roof coverage was implemented (20% and 50% increases in green areas in Scenarios 1 and 2), coverage under existing trees was enhanced (50% and 100% increase in Scenarios 4 and 5), and finally a complete removal of green zones in Fontibón was simulated (Scenario 3). The town is relatively susceptible to a reduction in its existing green areas, with an increase in total flow of more than 50% for one scenario considered. Thus, an increase in the permeable coverage under trees (50% and 100% increased coverage under existing trees) provided the best strategy for mitigating the impacts of urbanization by reducing the total, maximum, and average impervious flow by 3%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. Finally, an increase in permeable zones corresponding to plants was proposed via the implementation of green roofs. However, this strategy showed a response to the reduction in the lowest total flow at 1%.
Temporal Lifting Scheme for the Compression of Animated Sequences of Meshes

We present in this paper an original approach to encode the geometry of animated sequences of meshes (with a fixed connectivity). The main contribution is the use of a temporal lifting scheme to exploit the high temporal coherence in the geometry of successive frames. The sequences of wavelet coefficients are then encoded by an efficient coding scheme that includes a bit allocation optimizing the quantization process. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better compression performances than some state of the art coders.
Protected Geographical Indication Recognition And Willingness To Pay: A Case Of Grojec Apple

The Grojec region of Poland is an important region for apple production and accounts for 40 percent of domestic apple production. Apple growers from the region made an attempt to strengthen their competitive position through registering their apples as Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) products. The European Commission’s PGI allows food producers to obtain market recognition and a premium price for their products. Although the Grojec Apple received PGI registration in 2011, little has been done to promote apples with the PGI label. Two important research questions are addressed: 1) Does the Polish market recognize Grojec Apple PGI, and 2) Does the market value Grojec Apple PGI? Logit and regression models are estimated using survey data collected during an International MBA in Agribusiness and Commerce study week in Warsaw. Only 22% of consumers recognize Grojec Apple PGI. Yet, 70% of consumers indicate they are willing to pay more for the product and their average willingness to pay (WTP) premium is 32%. Results indicate use of the PGI label may be effective in improving sales and profit margins for Grojec Apple producers and their affiliated cooperatives. Older consumers are more likely to indicate a WTP premium. Males, smaller households, and consumers less sensitive to apple price indicate a higher WTP premium. An advertising campaign promoting Grojec Apple PGI as a better product may be effective at increasing consumer likelihood to pay more and WTP premium. Although “Grojec” is already familiar to most consumers in central Poland as a region for apples, a Grojec Apple with PGI label would assure consumers they are purchasing apples from the Grojec region and the apples are high quality.
Study of Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic and endocrine disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance and shortage of insulin. Obesity and lack of physical activity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes and known to cause chronic complications particularly neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. One of the most over looked of all serious complications of diabetes is Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) which encompasses damage to the autonomic nerve fibers. Aim: The present study aims at assessing cardiovascular autonomic efficiency in diabetic people of urban region. Methods: cardiovascular autonomic activity was assessed with help of Ewing’s autonomic function test parameters. Age matched 50 non diabetic and 50 diabetic subjects were included in this study. Results: It was observed that heart rate response to deep breathing, immediate standing and Valsalva manouvre in diabetic groups showed significant difference when compared to control group. It also shows that blood pressure response to immediate standing and resting systolic blood pressure were significantly increased in diabetic groups. Conclusion: we found that diabetic people exhibit autonomic dysfunction
Applying Alternative Teaching Methods to Impart a Rounded, Liberal Arts and Sciences (LAS) Education: Students' Reflections on the Role of Magazines as Instructional Tools.

In a constantly and rapidly changing social world, students from all disciplines ought to attain a rounded education within the tradition of a “Liberal Arts and Sciences” (LAS) context. Students outside of the natural sciences must be encouraged to appreciate the place of those sciences in their lives. Conversely, students in the natural sciences must be encouraged to envision the role of other subjects in their lives. In order to accomplish this, however, we need to go beyond basic instructional approaches by applying alternatives such as using magazines and newspapers. This paper reports students’ reflections on the use of newspapers as supplementary instructional materials to enhance learning. Data were collected from an introductory liberal arts physics course using a survey instrument. The survey had five descriptive measures: student perceptions; creativity based on activities learned; ability to link concepts learned in class to articles in the news journal; ability to impart knowledge acquired; and identifying lessons based on a case study of a selected news article from the newspaper. Student reflections indicate that magazines can effect a positive learning experience and stimulate curiosity to read. It is concluded that this approach can be used to enhance student motivation and persistence in introductory classes, particularly in schools where resources are limited. Keywords: improvisation, Liberal Arts and Science education, magazines, student reflections.
Effect of iron limitation on cells of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana

The response of the Baltic diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana to iron deficiency was examined. The following growth parameters were measured: cell number, chlorophyll a and protein content. The results demonstrate the ability of this diatom to grow well with minimal iron availability; however, the rate of growth fell markedly at the lowest iron(III) concentration. The results of spectrophotometric chlorophyll a measurements and protein assays using the Lowry and Bradford methods indicated a significant decrease in their quantities. Iron may therefore be an important regulatory factor controlling the growth of diatom C. meneghiniana in an aquatic ecosystem.
Myosin motors fragment and compact membrane-bound actin filaments

Cell cortex remodeling during cell division is a result of myofilament-driven contractility of the cortical membrane-bound actin meshwork. Little is known about the interaction between individual myofilaments and membrane-bound actin filaments. Here we reconstituted a minimal actin cortex to directly visualize the action of individual myofilaments on membrane-bound actin filaments using TIRF microscopy. We show that synthetic myofilaments fragment and compact membrane-bound actin while processively moving along actin filaments. We propose a mechanism by which tension builds up between the ends of myofilaments, resulting in compressive stress exerted to single actin filaments, causing their buckling and breakage. Modeling of this mechanism revealed that sufficient force (∼20 pN) can be generated by single myofilaments to buckle and break actin filaments. This mechanism of filament fragmentation and compaction may contribute to actin turnover and cortex reorganization during cytokinesis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00116. 001
A morphologic and crystallographic comparison of CV chondrite matrices

Meteoritic matrices are commonly classified by their modal mineralogy, alteration, and shock levels. Other “textural” characteristics are not generally considered in classification schemes, yet could carry important information about their genesis and evolution. Terrestrial rocks are routinely described by grain morphology, which has led to morphology‐driven classifications, and identification of controlling processes. This paper investigates three CV chondrites—Allende (CV3.2oxA), Kaba (CV3.0oxB), and Vigarano (CV3.3red)—to determine the morphologic signature of olivine matrix grains. 2D grain size and shape, and crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) are quantified via electron backscatter diffraction mapping. Allende contains the largest and most elongate olivine grains, while Vigarano contains the least elongate, and Kaba contains the smallest grains. Weak but notable CPOs exist in some regions proximal to chondrules and one region distal to chondrules, and CPO geometries reveal a weak flattening of the matrix grains against the edge of chondrules within Allende. Kaba contains the least plastically deformed grains, and Allende contains the most plastically deformed grains. We tentatively infer that morphology is controlled by the characteristics of the available population of accreting grains, and aqueous and thermal alteration of the parent body. The extent of overall finite deformation is likely dictated by the location of the sample with respect to compression, the localized environment of the matrix with respect to surrounding material, and the post deformation temperature to induce grain annealing. Our systematic, quantitative process for characterizing meteorite matrices has the potential to provide a framework for comparison within and across meteorite classes, to help resolve how parent body processing differed across and between chondritic asteroids.
Pseudolikelihood Estimation for Social Networks

Abstract Interest in log-linear modeling for social-network data has grown steadily since Holland and Leinhardt (1981) proposed their p 1 model. That model was designed for a single binary relationship (directed graph) representing interactions between individuals. It assumed that interactions between pairs of individuals are mutually independent. Subsequent work has extended the model in various ways, including block-modeling and the case of dependence between pairs of individuals. In empirical work it would often be desirable to fit a wide variety of these models, as the differences in predictions or goodness of fit are likely to provide insights into the data. This has not been common practice, however, because estimation for some of the models has been difficult, and the maximum likelihood schemes developed for others involve different computer programs not always available in standard packages. The focus of this article is on a general estimation technique that maximizes the pseudolikelihood, the pro.
Trust as societal capital: economic growth in European regions

The neo-institutional approach to economic phenomena has forwarded the institutional framework within a society as a fundamental determinant of economic performance. Cultural characteristics, also referred to as "societal capital", have gained specific attention in this respect. Basically, a culture that is characterised by trust is increasingly considered as a competitive advantage. This paper fits in this neo-institutional perspective. We outline an integrated conceptual framework that articulates the direct and indirect channels through which a culture may influence the economic record. Confining to economic growth as an indicator of economic performance and using data from the European Value Study, we subsequently investigate empirically the link between cultural values and economic performance, hereby focusing on a European sample that includes regions as units of observation. This empirical evidence indeed seems to confirm the trust-growth hypothesis. Building on this result, we finally consider a number of possible policy implications. We hereby envisage the government as the main designer of the formal institutional framework within which economic agents interact. In addition, we emphasise the government’s exemplary role as a visible emanation of societal values.
Non-linear evolution of cosmological structures in warm dark matter models

The dark energy dominated warm dark matter (WDM) model is a promising alternative cosmological scenario. We explore large-scale structure formation in this paradigm. We do this in two different ways: with the halo model approach and with the help of an ensemble of high-resolution N-body simulations. Combining these quasi-independent approaches leads to a physical understanding of the important processes which shape the formation of structures. We take a detailed look at the halo mass function, the concentrations and the linear halo bias of WDM. In all cases we find interesting deviations with respect to cold dark matter (CDM). In particular, the concentration-mass relation displays a turnover for group scale dark matter haloes, for the case of WDM particles with masses of the order of mWDM˜ 0.25 keV. This may be interpreted as a hint for top-down structure formation on small scales. We implement our results into the halo model and find much better agreement with simulations. On small scales, the WDM halo model now performs as well as its CDM counterpart.
Individual Colorimetric Observer Model

This study proposes a vision model for individual colorimetric observers. The proposed model can be beneficial in many color-critical applications such as color grading and soft proofing to assess ranges of color matches instead of a single average match. We extended the CIE 2006 physiological observer by adding eight additional physiological parameters to model individual color-normal observers. These eight parameters control lens pigment density, macular pigment density, optical densities of L-, M-, and S-cone photopigments, and λmax shifts of L-, M-, and S-cone photopigments. By identifying the variability of each physiological parameter, the model can simulate color matching functions among color-normal populations using Monte Carlo simulation. The variabilities of the eight parameters were identified through two steps. In the first step, extensive reviews of past studies were performed for each of the eight physiological parameters. In the second step, the obtained variabilities were scaled to fit a color matching dataset. The model was validated using three different datasets: traditional color matching, applied color matching, and Rayleigh matches.
Combating against internet worms in large-scale networks: an autonomic signature-based solution

In this paper, we propose a signature-based hierarchical email worm detection (SHEWD) system to detect e-mail worms in large-scale networks. The proposed system detects novel worms and instantly generates their signatures. This feature helps to check the spread of any kind of worm—known or unknown. We envision a two-layer hierarchical architecture comprising local security managers (LSMs), metropolitan security managers (MSM), and a global security manager (GSM). Local managers collect suspicious flows and hand them to metropolitan managers. Metropolitan managers then use cluster analysis to sort worms from the suspicious flows. The sorted worms are used to generate the worm signature which is relayed to the global manager and then to all the collaborating networks. A separate scheme is proposed to automatically select suitable values of the system parameters. This parameter selection procedure takes into account the current network state and the threat level of the ongoing attack. The performance of the whole system is investigated using real network traffic with traces of worms. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is capable to accurately detect email worms during the early phase of their propagations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Number representations and term rewriting

In this paper we examine a number of term rewriting system for integer number representations, building further upon the datatype defining systems described in [2]. In particular, we look at automated methods for proving confluence and termination in binary and decimal term rewriting systems for both append and tree constructor functions. We find that some of these term rewriting systems are not strongly terminating, which we resolve with minor changes to these systems. Moreover, most of the term rewriting systems discussed do not exhibit the confluence property, which seems more difficult to resolve.