Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute hypoxia and osteoclast activity: a balance between enhanced resorption and increased apoptosis

Osteoclasts are the primary mediators of pathological bone resorption in many conditions in which micro‐environmental hypoxia is associated with disease progression. However, effects of hypoxia on human osteoclast activity have not been reported. Mature human osteoclasts were differentiated from peripheral blood or obtained from giant cell tumour of bone. Osteoclasts were exposed to a constant hypoxic environment and then assessed for parameters including resorption (toluidine blue staining of dentine slices), membrane integrity (trypan blue exclusion), apoptosis (TUNEL, DAPI), and osteolysis‐associated enzyme activity (TRAP, cathepsin K). 24 h exposure to 2% O2 produced a 2.5‐fold increase in resorption associated with increased TRAP and cathepsin K enzyme activity. Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) siRNA completely ablated the hypoxic increase in osteoclast resorption. 24 h at 2% O2 also increased the number of osteoclasts with compromised membrane integrity from 6% to 21%, with no change in the total osteoclast number or the proportion of late‐stage apoptotic cells. Transient reoxygenation returned the percentage of trypan blue‐positive cells to normoxic levels, suggesting that osteoclasts can recover from the early stages of cell death. Repeated over an extended period, hypoxia/reoxygenation enhanced osteoclast differentiation at this pO2. These data suggest that in diseased bone, where the pO2 may fall to ≤2% O2, a delicate balance between hypoxia‐induced osteoclast activation and hypoxia‐induced osteoclast apoptosis mediates pathological bone resorption. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of topical morphine on acute and chronic postmastectomy pain: what is the optimum dose?

Background and Objectives Poorly controlled postoperative pain is strongly associated with the development of chronic pain. We aimed to investigate the effect of topical morphine (in 1 of 3 doses: 5, 10, or 15 mg) on acute and chronic neuropathic pain after modified radical mastectomy for cancer breast. Methods In this registered clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02462577), 90 patients were allocated to receive 10 mL plain bupivacaine 0.5% plus either 5, 10, or 15 mg morphine (designated by the group names Morphine5, Morphine10, and Morphine15, respectively). The combination was diluted by saline 0.9% to 20 mL and irrigated in the wound before skin closure. Groups were compared for the following: time to first postoperative analgesia; intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) morphine consumption; pain scores; hemodynamics; sedation; adverse events in first postoperative 48 hours; and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scores in first and third postoperative months. Results No patient in the Morphine15 group requested postoperative PCA morphine versus 19 and 8 in the Morphine5 and Morphine10 groups, respectively (P < 0.002). Time to first analgesic request and total consumption of PCA morphine analgesia were 7.31 ± 3.12 hours versus 14.00 ± 3.54 hours (P < 0.000) and 1.42 ± 0.50 mg versus 1.00 ± 0.00 mg (P = 0.371) in the Morphine5 and Morphine10 groups, respectively. Lowest scores on visual analog pain scale at rest (P < 0.001) and visual analog pain scale during movement (P < 0.01) were recorded in the Morphine15 group, followed by Morphine10 then Morphine5 group. Lowest Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scores were recorded in the Morphine15 group in the first month (1.10 ± 0.37 vs 5.76 ± 3.26 and 4.73 ± 2.87, P < 0.0001) and third postoperative month (4.40 ± 1.77 vs 6.33 ± 3.21 and 5.43 ± 2.67, P < 0.006) compared with Morphine5 and Morphine10 groups, respectively. No patient in the Morphine15 group developed chronic pain versus 4 and 2 in Morphine5 and Morphine10 groups, respectively. Conclusions Topical morphine controlled acute postmastectomy pain in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the incidence and severity of chronic postmastectomy pain syndrome.
A Source of Variation: A Corpus-Based Study of the Choice between απο and eκ in the NT Greek Gospels

Using a quantitative methodology based on extensively annotated corpus data from the PROIEL corpus, we examine the distribution of απο and ek in the NT Greek Gospels. The original semantic opposition between these two prepositions in terms of an ablative-elative distinction started fading during the historical development of Greek and has been argued to be already much weaker at the time of the New Testament. To explore this we generate a semantic map without semantic pre-analysis on the basis of four parallel language samples. We then use statistical techniques to interpret this map. We ind that there is still a fairly clean separation between ek and απο largely based on semantic role. However, απο is quite frequently used in elative contexts. A lexical analysis clarifies that the use of απο in this environment amounts to the preposition specialising with certain lexical items, some of them with variable interpretations, as seen in the case of toponyms.
Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a DSGE Model of India

We develop a optimal rules-based interpretation of the 'three pillars macroeconomic policy framework': a combination of a freely floating exchange rate, an explict target for inflation, and a mechanism than ensures a stable government debt-GDP ratio around a specified long run. We show how such monetary-fiscal rules need to be adjusted to accommodate specific features of emerging market economies.The model takes the form of two-blocs, a DSGE emerging small open economy interacting with the rest of the world and features, in particular, financial frictions. It is calibrated using India and US data. Alongside the optimal Ramsey policy benchmark, we model the three pillars as simple monetary and fiscal rules including and both domestic and CPI inflation targeting interest rate rules. A comparison with a fixed exchange rate regime is ade. We find that domestic inflation targeting is superior to partially or implicitly (through a CPI inflation target) or fully attempting to stabilizing the exchange rate. Financial frictions require fiscal policy to play a bigger role and lead to an increase in the costs associated with simple rules as opposed to the fully optimal policy. These policy prescriptions contrast with the monetary-fiscal policy stance of the Indian authorities.
Market Orientations in the Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector: A Meta-Analysis of Their Relationships With Organizational Performance

In their effort to improve performance, many voluntary and nonorofit organizations (VNPOs) have turned to market mechanisms, hoping to learn and implement innovative ideas and methods that proved useful in the private sector. This article adopts the businesslike concept of “marketing” into the arena of VNPOs by offering a meta-analysis to assess the marketing orientation (MO) in the VNPO sector. The article attempts to answer three questions: (a) What is the theoretical grounding and rationality for using MO strategies in the VNPO sector? (b) Can the VNPO sector benefit from an MO approach? (c) Is the MO perspective applicable for organizations without “profit” as a main goal? The findings were compared with findings in the for-profit sector and were found to be stronger. Finally, using a second, methodological meta-analysis, boundary conditions on the MO-performance link were assessed. The implications for VNPOs are discussed and directions for future research are outlined.
The effects of a recipient's gender in a modified dictator game

In the two-person dictator game, player A (allocator) chooses how to split a given sum of money with player B (recipient). Player B has no power in terms of either accepting or rejecting payer A's offer. This paper investigates the gender dynamics within the four possible dyads in a modified Dictator game. Both men and women gave more money to women. In other words, contrary to other studies that have investigated dictator game behaviour, the current study finds a main effect for the recipient's gender (rather than for the allocator's gender).
The decline of the industrial district of Como: recession, relocation or reconversion?

Industrial districts are experiencing intensifications in those economic conditions that have historically favoured them. Some of them have entered a process of decline, which might seem the cause or the effect of recession, relocation or reconversions into different models. The present paper aims at contributing to the debate on the evolutionary patterns of industrial districts, offering an explorative look at the phenomenon of industrial districts’ decline. This topic has been widely overlooked in literature and demands further empirical evidence and conceptual insights. To this purpose, the paper builds on the longitudinal case study of the industrial district of Como, illustrating and analysing its decline process from 1980 to 2003. The focus of the study is on the determinants of an industrial district's decline and the consequences on the structures of the district itself. The findings are then abstracted to a model for the understanding and explanation of the decline of industrial districts. The conclusion is that scholars, practitioners and policy-makers might benefit from enhancing their knowledge of industrial districts’ decline and also from interpreting industrial districts’ evolution in a wider sense. The paper concludes with contributions and suggestions for further research.
Summing Small Cities Does Not Make a Large City: Polycentric Urban Regions and the Provision of Cultural, Leisure and Sports Amenities

The paper explores whether a polycentric urban region can reap the advantages of its combined urban size to a similar extent as a similar-sized monocentric city-region. This question is elaborated for the provision of cultural, leisure and sports amenities. Their presence in 42 Dutch regions is expressed in an index, which serves as the dependent variable in a multiple regression model. An explaining variable is the extent of polycentricity of a region. Correcting for differences between regions in terms of population size, the number of visitors and average income, it turns out that the more polycentric a region is, the fewer cultural, leisure and sports amenities are present. Conversely, the more monocentric a region, the more such amenities.
A Fully Integrated Ka-Band Front End for 5G Transceiver

We present the design and measured results of a fully integrated Ka-Band front end on a 0.15-μm GaAs pHEMT process. The integrated front end includes a three stage power amplifier, three stage low noise amplifier, and single pole, double throw switch. The integration of the front end is a crucial step to commercialize mm-Wave technology for 5G mobile communication. In addition to the fully integrated front end module, these three components were fabricated separately for individual characterization and analysis, and those results are presented in this paper.
Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States

The western United States is experiencing a severe multiyear drought that is unprecedented in some hydroclimatic records. Using gridded drought reconstructions that cover most of the western United States over the past 1200 years, we show that this drought pales in comparison to an earlier period of elevated aridity and epic drought in AD 900 to 1300, an interval broadly consistent with the Medieval Warm Period. If elevated aridity in the western United States is a natural response to climate warming, then any trend toward warmer temperatures in the future could lead to a serious long-term increase in aridity over western North America.
Aggregate Bandwagon Effects of Popularity Information on Audiences' Movie Selections

This study empirically examines the bandwagon effect of product-popularity information on the choices of audiovisual content products. Regression analysis is conducted using the data of Hollywood movies' box office revenues in 73 countries during 2003–2007. The results confirm the aggregate bandwagon effect in audiences' selections of Hollywood movies and shows that the strength of the bandwagon effect is magnified by how uncertain people are about the quality of movies.
Do international factors influence the passage of climate change legislation?

The number of climate change laws in major economies has grown from less than 40 in 1997 to almost 500 at the end of 2013. The passage of these laws is influenced by both domestic and international factors. This article reviews the main international factors, drawing on a powerful new dataset of climate legislation in 66 national jurisdictions. We find that the propensity to legislate on climate change is heavily influenced by the passage of similar laws elsewhere, suggesting a strong and so far under-appreciated role for international policy diffusion. International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol work in two ways. The impact of the Kyoto Protocol itself is limited to countries with formal obligations under the treaty. In addition, the prestige of hosting an international climate summit is associated with a subsequent boost in legislation. Legislators seem to respond to the expectations of climate leadership that these events bestow on their host. Policy relevance A global solution to climate change will ultimately have to be anchored in domestic legislation, which creates the legal basis for countries to take action. Countries are passing climate legislation in a growing number. This article asks to what extent they are motivated to do so by international factors, such as existing treaty obligations. We find that the Kyoto Protocol has been a less important factor in explaining climate legislation outside Annex I than the passage of similar laws elsewhere. This suggests that international policy diffusion plays an important and so far under-appreciated role in global climate policy, complementing formal treaty obligations.
Impact of Protected Forests on Rural Households' Fuel Tree Planting in Chiro District, Eastern Ethiopia

SUMMARY This study aims at exploring the potential impact of forest protection on rural households' private fuel tree planting in Chiro district of eastern Ethiopia. It attempts to evaluate whether or not forest protection interventions improve rural households' private fuel wood production and indirectly contribute to reforestation and restoration of endangered wildlife. The study results revealed a robust and significant positive impact of the intervention on farmers' decisions to produce private household energy by growing fuel trees on their farm. As participation in private fuel tree planting is not random, the study confronts a methodological issue in investigating the causal effect of forest protection intervention on rural farm households' private fuel tree planting through non-parametric propensity score matching (PSM) method. The protection intervention on average has increased fuel tree planting by 4 633 (1 725%) compared to open access areas and indirectly contributed to slowing down the loss of biodiversity in the area.
Subliminal Perception: Biased Attributions in Matching Persons with Drawings of Germs?

Subliminal perception was used to explore the magical contagion paradigm and ascertain whether drawings of germs perceived as harmful or threatening would be assumed to belong to members of stigmatized groups. In study 1, descriptions of persons (primes) were shown subliminally for 50 milliseconds and participants chose which germ they felt belonged to that person after the presentation. The germs perceived as least harmful and threatening were assigned to participants' best friends’ first names, subjects’ own first names, and young Hispanic persons. The groups of persons assigned the most harmful and threatening germs were older black and older Hispanic persons. In study 2, primes were shown for a longer period of time that allowed for conscious processing and males were assigned the more harmful germs at a statistically significant rate.
An interview with Geert Hofstede

Geert Hofstede received an M.Sc. in mechanical engineering from Delft Technical University in 1953 and earned his Ph.D. in social psychology, cum laude, from Groningen University in 1967. He worked for six years for IBM Europe where he founded and managed the Personnel Research Department. He first entered academics in 1971 when he assumed a visiting lecturer position at IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland. Subsequently Professor Hofstede held faculty positions at the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management in Brussels and at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France. In 1980 he returned to industry as a director of human resources of Fasson Europe in Leyden, the Netherlands. Just previously, he had published Culture's Consequences, the book which is the subject of this Retrospective, and opened wide the door of comparative cultural analysis in business and elsewhere, as a tool for both academics and practitioners. He returned to academics in 1983 to serve as dean of the Semafor Senior Management Program in .
Estimating Optimal Hodrick-Prescott Filter Smoothing Parameter for Turkey

This study aims at estimating the optimal smoothing parameter for Hodrick-Prescott filter for Turkey using 1987-2007 quarterly real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data. Two alternative methods, proposed by Pedersen (2001) and Dermoune et al (2008) are used for estimation which gives the values for the HP Filter smoothing parameter for Turkey as 98 and 19, respectively. Using these estimates, we find that (1) estimated trend component of Turkish GDP is very volatile, which is in line with the conjectures of Aguiar and Gopinath (2007) for emerging market countries (2) absolute volatilities for the cyclical variations in GDP and its components are smaller compared to 1600 (3) our estimates give similar results with the frequently used smoothing parameter value in terms of relative volatility of components of GDP with respect to volatility of GDP.
Macro and Micro Prudential Regulatory Failures Amongst Financial Institutions in the United Kingdom: Lessons from Australia

Purpose - This paper compares the performance of the big four UK banks and four Australian banks between 2004-2009. The banks are chosen according to the total assets as listed in Design/methodology/approach - The author adopts an empirical approach and gathers data from the annual reports of the big four UK banks and Australian banks and the database “Factiva” and the Findings - The author's data show UK banks had on average higher cash ratios, higher leverage ratios, higher loan to deposit ratios, higher capital ratios, lower asset quality, lower ROA but higher ROE than the Australian banks. Research limitations/implications - The results support the findings in the Financial Development Index 2011 of the World Economic Forum. UK banks should ameliorate its ranking on financial stability by improving the quality of loans and capital. Practical implications - The analysis is of use to regulators who are contemplating the need for reforms aimed at improving financial ratios of banks. Basel III Accord has introduced some recommendations but has its limitations. Originality/value - This paper's value lies in providing analysis of the top four UK and Australian banks' performances during 2004-2009. There is room for improvement in providing a more stable financial environment in the UK.
Evaluation of surface roughness of different restorative composites after polishing using atomic force microscopy

Introduction: Resin based composites are widely used aesthetic restorative materials in clinical restorative dentistry. The filler size and the percentage of fillers affects smooth surface, clinical durability, aesthetics, better optical properties, compatibility with natural enamel tissue, surface gloss, and preventing the discoloration of the restoration. The finishing and polishing of tooth-coloured restorations are necessary clinical steps for better aesthetics and longevity of restored teeth. Aim: In this study nano composites were chosen, because these contain nano particles which provide better overall composites features, including the quality of polished surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of different newer posterior composites. Material and Method: Five commercially available posterior restorative composite were tested in this study. All the specimens were polished with shofu multi step polishing system. After polishing the samples were all analyzed by atomic force microscopy which is used to study surface topography and surface morphology of materials. Results: The values of surface roughness of each specimen were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, and Pair wise comparisons by Mann-Whitney U test setting the statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: Tetric Evo Ceram, Z350 exhibited less surface roughness compared to Ever X, Clearfil Majesty and Sure fil SDR. There was no statistical difference between groups regarding surface rough ness between groups.
Variance swap dynamics

We compare several parametric and non-parametric approaches for modelling variance swap curves by conducting an in-sample and an out-of-sample analysis using market prices. The forecasted Heston model gives the best overall performance. Moreover, the static Heston model highlights some problems of stochastic volatility models in option pricing of forward starting products.
O efeito da diversificação no valor das empresas listadas em bolsa no Brasil

Neste trabalho, verificam-se evidencias de que a diversificacao e o valor das empresas sao negativamente relacionados. O trabalho segue a metodologia utilizada por Lang e Stulz (1994) e tem como objetivo determinar se o valor de mercado das firmas brasileiras e correlacionado com seu grau de diversificacao de seus negocios ou de sua carteira de negocios. Os resultados indicam que a relacao negativa e observada para diferentes metricas de diversificacao e se mantem mesmo quando se controla o efeito de outras variaveis conhecidas por influenciar o valor das empresas, a saber: investimentos, endividamento, rentabilidade e tamanho da empresa. Alem disso, assim como empresas especializadas, as empresas pouco e altamente diversificadas tambem possuem um valor elevado, medido pelo Q de Tobin. Por fim, dois resultados novos trazidos por este trabalho sao o indicio de que a diversificacao em segmentos mais relacionados apresenta um efeito menos negativo do que a diversificacao em segmentos distintos e o fato de a correlacao da diversificacao com o valor da empresa ser positiva em tempos de crise economica. A implicacao desse resultado e que as empresas que nao tem um posicionamento claro em relacao a decisao de diversificacao tendem a ter um desempenho pior que as demais e que, em momento de crise, as empresas mais diversificadas possuem um fluxo de rendimentos de menor risco. A limitacao do trabalho e o fato de que a analise pode ter sido prejudicada porque a maioria das empresas brasileiras atua em segmentos extremamente relacionados. Isso pode ser observado pela altissima media do indice Herfindahl, ainda que ajustado para considerar apenas segmentos nao correlacionados.