Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Sentiment Analysis of Corporate Social Media Accounts

Social media managers as well as analysts use social media messages as an additional channel to manage and measure opinions towards brands. Currently, however, sentiment tools have been predominantly focused on the binary positive-negative valence of emotions and thereby neglected the multi-dimensional structure of human emotions. Moreover, while practitioners try to address the issue of undifferentiated customer requests towards a brand by operating more interest group-specific accounts, research still lacks understanding regarding the impact of different account types. We approach this research gap by developing a classification of social media accounts and, subsequently, deploy a sentiment analysis that differentiates between seven emotions within 532,363 thousand tweets towards 641 accounts from 33 S&P 100 companies. Our results confirm the assumed necessity of considering different account types when studying corporate social media presence and assessing differentiated emotions in social media analytics.
Detecting ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland using MODIS and AMSR-E data for the summer periods of 2002–2006

We present the results from two independent approaches for monitoring ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland. The microwave-based cross-polarization gradient ratio (XPGR) approach (Abdalati, W. and Steffen, K., 1995, Detecting ice-sheet melt area over western Greenland using MODIS and AMSR-E data for the summer periods of 2002–2006. Geophysical Research Letter, 22, pp. 787–790) is compared with a newly developed technique that exploits reflectance characteristics of snow/ice using near-infrared and visible wavelengths, to assess the extent of ice-sheet melt area over the west coast of Greenland. Data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Earth Observing Satellite (EOS) Terra are analysed through the years 2002–2006 to monitor melt area extent between May and September. Concurrently, the XPGR ratio is derived from advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR-E) data to develop a comparative measure of melt area over the same period of investigation. Although the techniques represent fundamentally different physical approaches, good agreement is observed between these distinct melt area products. The enhanced spatial resolution that is achieved from the MODIS sensor offers additional insight into the melt response over the course of the summer melt period and highlights the advantage of synthesizing diverse sensors and retrieval algorithms for Earth observation.
On the Fly Learning of Mobility Profiles for Intelligent Routing in Pocket Switched Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol, PRO, for profile-based routing in pocket switched networks. Differing from previous routing protocols, PRO treats node encounters as periodic patterns and uses them to predict the times of future encounters. Exploiting the regularity of human mobility profiles, PRO achieves fast (low-deliverylatency) and efficient (low-message-overhead) routing in intermittently connected pocket switched networks. PRO is self-learning, completely decentralized, and local to the nodes. Despite being simple, PRO forms a general framework, that can be easily instantiated to solve searching and querying problems in smartphone networks. We validate the performance of PRO with the “Reality Mining” dataset containing 350K hours of celltower connectivity data, and compare its performance with that of previous approaches.
Evaluation of Post Laryngectomy Pharyngocutaneous Fistula risk Factors

Introduction: Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication after total laryngectomy. Its incidence is extremely variable, with values ranging from 3% and 65%. The management of this problem considerably increases the length and the cost of hospitalization. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence, predisposing factors, and outcome of PCF in patients undergoing total laryngectomy in a Moroccan teaching hospital in Rabat, Morocco. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study including 136 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx in our institution, between January 2006 and December 2013. Socio-demographical, biological, surgical, and outcome data were included. Risk factors were analyzed for association with PCF formation. Results: The overall PCF rate was 27.8%. The mean age was 58 (32-82 years). Univariate analysis showed age (P= 0,028), hemoglobin (P=0,026), and previous tracheotomy (P=0,028) to be associated with the onset of PCF. However, multivariate analysis revealed that previous tracheotomy (P=0,028) and low level of preoperative hemoglobin (P=0,026) were highly associated with the occurrence of PCF. Conclusion: This is an original work performed in an African country with a large serie. Our findings suggest that age, previous tracheotomy, and low level of haemoglobin are risk factors for PCF onset after total laryngectomy in T4 squamous cell carcinoma.
What's Driving Food Prices?

Preface : The temperature of the rhetoric in the food-versus-fuel debate has been rising right along with the prices of corn and oil. Farm Foundation is not about heat or fueling fires. Our mission is to be a catalyst for sound public policy by providing objective information to foster deeper understanding of the complex issues before the food system today. We commissioned this paper to provide a comprehensive, objective assessment of the forces driving food prices. In recent months, much has been written in the academic and popular press about commodity prices, biofuels and food prices—often with varying perspectives and conclusions. Farm Foundation asked Wallace Tyner, Philip Abbot and Christopher Hurt, all of Purdue University, to review the literature and provide a comprehensive assessment of the forces driving food prices today. The three economists reviewed more than two dozen reports and studies, summarizing them in light of their own examination of the facts. As is true of many issues in the food system, the full story behind rapid increases in food prices is not a simple one. Today’s food price levels are the result of complex interactions among multiple factors—including crude oil prices, exchange rates, growing demand for food and slowing growth in agricultural productivity—as well as the agricultural, energy and trade policy choices made by nations of the world. But one simple fact stands out: economic growth and rising human aspirations are putting ever greater pressure on the global resource base. The difficult challenge for public and private leaders is to identify policy choices that help the world deal with the very real problems created by today’s rising food prices without jeopardizing aspirations for the future. It is the intent of Farm Foundation that the objective information provided in this report will help all stakeholders meet the challenge to address one of the most critical public policy issues facing the world today.
Development of Trust and Collaboration Between Teachers in PLC Teams: The Roles of Teachers, Principals and Different Facets of Trust

Development of Trust and Collaboration Between Teachers in PLC Teams: The Roles of Teachers, Principals and Different Facets of Trust Henry “Hank” Ryan Smith Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Professional learning communities (PLCs) are being recognized as a leading strategy to improve student achievement. Trust is critical in effectively implementing the PLC model, and the school principal is best positioned to influence school trust levels. Using Hoy and Tschannen-Moran’s (1999) five facets of trust, this research sought to clarify the impact of trust among PLC teachers on their team’s collaborative practices. Focus group data were collected from 12 collaborative teams in 4 schools. Six of the teams were from one school that was struggling to implement the PLC model; the other six teams were from three schools that were implementing the model successfully. This research utilized a matched cases case study to understand the relationship between trust and collaboration in PLC teams. Findings suggested the teams in successful PLCs built trust through treating one another with patience and kindness, fulfilling personal responsibilities, and sharing personal information. Additionally, the principal influenced team members’ trust by allowing autonomy and team formation input. Perceived benevolence and competence led to teachers sharing teaching strategies, being more open with student data, and teaching one another’s students. Also successful and non-successful PLCs emphasized different facets of trust in describing development of trust, the principal’s role in building trust, and the role of trust in collaboration. These findings can inform school leaders how to more effectively build and preserve trust among members of collaborative teams such as PLCs. keywords: trust, professional learning community, collaboration, principal, teachers, elementary schools, intermediate schools
A Test of the Fama-French Three Factor Model in the Australian Equity Market

Studies that have investigated the cross-section of average returns on common stocks in the United States have found evidence that factors related to firm size (market equity) and style (book equity to market equity) help explain the cross-section of average stock returns. This paper tests the explanatory power of such factors in Australia. Further, we also investigate the claim that the size and style effect is the result of seasonal phenomena. We find general support for the three-factor model of Fama and French (1996). We also reject the claim that these effects are exclusively a seasonal phenomenon.
Joint Copyrights Management by Collecting Societies and Online Platforms: An Economic Analysis

This paper discusses the effects of technological change on joint (copy)rights management (JRM). The economic literature discusses JRM as a response to relatively high transaction costs in complex markets for copyright works. Based on a formal analysis, we show that JRM reduces the average transaction costs per transaction and the total number of transactions under a broad range of conditions. Throughout the 20th Century, JRM was mostly conducted by copyrights holder collectives. Recently, private for-profit online platforms are taking on core functions of JRM. Our formal analysis yields two essential results: (1) the efficient scale and scope of JRM will increase as copyright works are increasingly traded via digital ICT networks; (2) a change from collective JRM on behalf of rights holders to commercial intermediation weakens the position of rights holders, and will aggravate problems with the private provision of copyright works with public good attributes.
A Mixed-Methods Study: Raising Student Achievement Through the Lens of Hope and Collective Efficacy

In this current era of expected increases in student achievement, it is necessary to identify and strengthen factors that contribute to student academic success. This study explored the concepts of collective efficacy, teacher hope, and their correlation to grade level in a selected K-12 setting. The research focused on identifying if a correlation exists between school level collective efficacy and individual teacher's levels of hope. In researching the levels of collective efficacy and levels of hope it was also determined if the levels increase or wane as the grade level increases. At the very core of the study are two emotion-laden aspects of collective efficacy and hope. Upon reading the literature pertaining to both collective efficacy and hope it becomes clear that they both aid in increasing student achievement. Although collective efficacy and hope help to raise student achievement, policy makers are making it more difficult for these two aspects to be fostered in schools. Federally mandated legislation can be successful if its' cognitively-driven measures are combined with collective efficacy and hope to raise student achievement. There have been numerous studies that target student achievement. Why this study is timely pertains directly to the largest intrusion into public schooling by the federal government in its history. The fact the government is mandating an increase in student achievement is not the problem. The problem lies with the process that the government has undertaken. Although this study is not intended to debate No Child Left Behind, it does take direct aim at the processes behind the legislation.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori gene expression in human gastric mucosa

Mucosal and systemic immunologic recognition of cagA by Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals is associated with peptic ulcer disease; however, in the laboratory, expression of cagA is subject to artificial conditions which may not accurately reflect the conditions in host tissues. Gastric antral and body biopsy specimens and serum for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G serology were obtained from 42 patients. Biopsy specimens were studied by histology, culture, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Oligonucleotide primers specific for H. pylori (16S rRNA, ureA, and cagA) were used to detect bacterial mRNA in gastric biopsy specimens. PCR was performed on DNA from corresponding H. pylori isolates to detect genomic 16S rRNA, ureA, and cagA. Of the 42 patients from whom clinical specimens were obtained, 25 were infected with H. pylori on the basis of both serology and histology or culture (i.e., tissue positive); 13 were negative by serology, histology, and culture; and 4 were positive by serology only. RT-PCR with 16S rRNA primers detected 24 of 25 tissue-positive and 0 of 17 tissue-negative patients (P < 0.001). RT-PCR with ureA primers detected 16 of 25 tissue-positive and 0 of 17 tissue-negative patients (P < 0.001). CagA mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in 14 of 25 gastric biopsy specimens in the tissue-positive group and in 0 of 17 gastric biopsy specimens in the tissue-negative group. PCR of genomic DNA for the presence of the cagA gene in the corresponding bacterial isolates correlated absolutely with cagA gene expression in gastric tissue. These results indicate that RT-PCR is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of the presence of H. pylori and the expression of H. pylori genes in human gastric tissue. Detection of H. pylori gene expression in vivo by this approach may contribute to improving the diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis of H. pylori infections.
Light Weight Distributed QoS Adapter in Large-Scale Ad hoc Networks

: Considering the comfortably establishing ad hoc networks, the use of this type of network is increasing day to day. On the other side, it is predicted that using multimedia applications will be more public in these network. As it is known, in contrary to best-effort flows, the transmission of multimedia flows in any network need support from QoS. However, the wireless ad hoc networks are severely affected by bandwidth, and establishing a QoS in these networks face problems. In this paper, we have proposed a thoroughly distributed algorithm to support the QoS in ad hoc networks. This algorithm guarantees the QoS of the real-time applications vis-a-vis each other and best-effort flows as well. The algorithm suggested in this paper dynamically regulates the Contention Window of the flows and serves the flows in terms of their requests QoS choosing the smallest CW in every node. This algorithm also uses the fixed and/or less stationary nodes for the transmission of real-time flows by increasing the QoS of the multimedia flows. This algorithm is preferred because it prioritizes the flows that are of the same class but have not obtained favorite QoS compared to other flows of the same class in addition to classifying the flows in the network and offering better services to the classes of higher priority. All this occur without the controlled packets forwarding and resource reserving and freeing method. We have proved the correctness of this algorithm using Markov's mathematical model.
Vitamin D status and its relationship to body fat, final height, and peak bone mass in young women.

CONTEXT Vitamin D insufficiency has now reached epidemic proportions and has been linked to low bone mineral density, increased risk of fracture, and obesity in adults. However, this relationship has not been well characterized in young adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), anthropometric measures, body fat (BF), and bone structure at the time of peak bone mass. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. OUTCOME MEASURES AND SUBJECTS: Anthropometric measures, serum 25OHD radioimmunoassay values, and computed tomography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry values of BF and bone structure in 90 postpubertal females, aged 16-22 yr, residing in California were measured. RESULTS Approximately 59% of subjects were 25OHD insufficient (<or=29 ng/ml), and 41% were sufficient (>or=30 ng/ml). Strong negative relationships were present between serum 25OHD and computed tomography measures of visceral and sc fat and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry values of BF. In addition, weight, body mass, and imaging measures of adiposity at all sites were significantly lower in women with normal serum 25OHD concentrations than women with insufficient levels. In contrast, no relationship was observed between circulating 25OHD concentrations and measures of bone mineral density at any site. Unexpectedly, there was a positive correlation between 25OHD levels and height. CONCLUSIONS We found that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased BF and decreased height but not changes in peak bone mass.
A new achievable rate for a stochastic two relay network with no interference

Gastpar and Vetterli named the adhoc networks with one randomly selected source-destination pair as relay networks and they suggested using arbitrary network coding in order to increase the overall efficiency Here, the relay network is investigated with two relays and no interference and a new achievable rate is obtained using a new network coding (decode-and-broadcast). The obtained achievable rate (i) gives the lower bound for the general relay channel, obtained by Cover and El Gamal, but with slight difference due to no interference assumption at the receiver (ii) includes the one relay rates of a two-level relay channel studied by Gupta and Kumar using point to point coding, (iii) includes the rates of deterministic two relay Aref network and semi-deterministic two relay network, (iv) meets the max-flow min-cut upper bound under certain additional assumptions resulting in certain capacity theorems which include the related previous capacities, (v) is validated by its consistency with previous results relevant to special cases of broadcast channels and Z-Interference channels under additional assumptions.
Author ' s personal copy A cell-based Merchant – Nemhauser model for the system optimum dynamic traffic assignment problem

A cell-based variant of the Merchant–Nemhauser (M-N) model is proposed for the system optimum (SO) dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) problem. Once linearized and augmented with additional constraints to capture cross-cell interactions, the model becomes a linear program that embeds a relaxed cell transmission model (CTM) to propagate traffic. As a result, we show that CTM-type traffic dynamics can be derived from the original M-N model, when the exit-flow function is properly selected and discretized. The proposed cell-based M-N model has a simple constraint structure and cell network representation because all intersections and cells are treated uniformly. Path marginal costs are defined using a recursive formula that involves a subset of multipliers from the linear program. This definition is then employed to interpret the necessary condition, which is a dynamic extension of the Wardrop’s second principle. An algorithm is presented to solve the flow holding back problem that is known to exist in many discrete SO-DTA models. A numerical experiment is conducted to verify the proposed model and algorithm. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
COPD in Chinese nonsmokers

Little is known about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese nonsmokers. The present study aimed to investigate the profiles of COPD among nonsmokers based on the Chinese Epidemiological Survey of COPD (CESCOPD). In the CESCOPD, 20,245 subjects aged 40 yrs or older were interviewed with questionnaires and spirometry tests. Subjects with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of <0.70 were identified as having COPD. Data of 12,471 nonsmokers and 1,024 smoking COPD patients were analysed in the current study. The overall prevalence of COPD among nonsmokers was 5.2% (95% confidence interval 4.8–5.6). Being male, of advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI) and lower educational level, having exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, coal and/or biomass smoke, poor ventilation in the kitchen, a family history of respiratory disease and recurrent childhood cough were all independently associated with a higher risk of having COPD among nonsmokers. Nonsmokers with respiratory symptoms without airflow limitation showed a somewhat different pattern of risk factors. Nonsmokers with COPD were less likely to present with chronic productive coughs and lower BMI, while more likely to have received a physician diagnosis of asthma and respiratory diseases in childhood, than smokers with COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is prevalent among Chinese nonsmokers, and nonsmoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may have different profiles from smoking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Financial Integration and Business Cycle Synchronization

Standard theory predicts that financial integration leads to a lower degree of business cycle synchronization. Surprisingly, cross-country studies find the opposite. Our contribution is to document the theoretically predicted negative effect of financial integration on business cycle synchronization as a robust regularity. We use a confidential dataset on banks' international bilateral exposure over the past three decades in a panel of twenty developed countries. The rich panel structure allows us to control for time-invariant country-pair factors and global trends that affect both financial integration and business cycle patterns. In contrast to previous empirical work we find that a higher degree of financial integration is associated with less synchronized output cycles. We also employ two distinct instrumental variable approaches to identify the one-way effect of integration on synchronization. These specifications reveal that the component of banking integration predicted by legislative-regulatory harmonization policies and the nature of the bilateral exchange rate regime has a negative effect on output synchronization.