Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis of blind cyclic correlation based symbol rate estimation

We consider symbol rate estimation of an unknown signal linearly modulated by a sequence of symbols. We rely on the received signal is cyclostationarity, and consider an existing estimator obtained by maximizing in the cyclic domain a (possibly weighted) sum of modulus squares of cyclic correlation estimates. Although widely used, this estimate seems not to have been studied rigorously when the number of samples N is large. In this paper, we study rigorously the asymptotic behavior of this estimate. We establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimate, prove that its convergence rate is N3'2, and calculate in closed form its asymptotic variance. The obtained formula allows us to discuss in relevant way on the influence of the number of estimated cyclic correlation coefficients to take into account in the cost function to maximize.
Using a novel source-localized phase regressor technique for evaluation of the vascular contribution to semantic category area localization in BOLD fMRI

Numerous studies have shown that gradient-echo blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI is biased toward large draining veins. However, the impact of this large vein bias on the localization and characterization of semantic category areas has not been examined. Here we address this issue by comparing standard magnitude measures of BOLD activity in the Fusiform Face Area (FFA) and Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) to those obtained using a novel method that suppresses the contribution of large draining veins: source-localized phase regressor (sPR). Unlike previous suppression methods that utilize the phase component of the BOLD signal, sPR yields robust and unbiased suppression of large draining veins even in voxels with no task-related phase changes. This is confirmed in ideal simulated data as well as in FFA/PPA localization data from four subjects. It was found that approximately 38% of right PPA, 14% of left PPA, 16% of right FFA, and 6% of left FFA voxels predominantly reflect signal from large draining veins. Surprisingly, with the contributions from large veins suppressed, semantic category representation in PPA actually tends to be lateralized to the left rather than the right hemisphere. Furthermore, semantic category areas larger in volume and higher in fSNR were found to have more contributions from large veins. These results suggest that previous studies using gradient-echo BOLD fMRI were biased toward semantic category areas that receive relatively greater contributions from large veins.
Relationships between Leadership Style, the Degree of Change Experienced, Performance and Follower Commitment in Policing

This article presents the findings of the second of three stages of the 2008 Scottish Police Service Leadership Study (SPSLS), a major study focusing upon the relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence, context and performance as a leader within the police service in Scotland. This stage of the SPSLS focuses specifically upon the relationship between leadership style, the degree of change experienced, follower commitment and performance as a leader, data on which were gathered through the use of the 360-degree version the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ). Data were gathered from bosses, peers and followers, as well as from the leaders themselves who participated in the study. Additional annual appraisal performance data were also obtained and analyzed. Based upon the perceptions of staff, it is reported that the Scottish police service is undergoing a ‘significant’ but not ‘transformational’ degree of change. The results reported identify the most prevalent styles of leadership within the service but do not provide support for the proposition that organizational context is a statistically significant variable mediating the relationship between leadership style and performance as a leader. Finally, a number of (statistically significant) positive relationships are reported between leadership style and performance as a leader and follower commitment. Where relevant, comparisons are drawn between this study and a similar study of leadership in the Royal Navy, in which the self-report version of the LDQ was used (Young and Dulewicz, 2006).
The Relationship of Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Collaborative Verbal Behavior with Grades: Preliminary Findings

In this study, we sought preliminary information about the relationships among measures of self-efficacy, self-regulation, collaborative learning behavior, and grades. The collaborative verbal behavior of 20 students in a computer course was observed. Also, students responded to a questionnaire to assess their academic self-efficacy. A teacher rated each student's self-regulated learning behaviors. The measures were taken at various points throughout the school year, and the data were analyzed using path analysis. Although students scoring higher on self-regulation tended to score higher also on the measures of collaborative verbal behavior than did those who scored lower on self-regulation, scores on self-regulation rather than on verbal engagement were correlated with grades. The findings were discussed in the light of social cognitive theory and recommendations were made for further study.
Treating the whole person: a counseling, psychology and support model for learners with learning difficulty and disabilities

Concerned about traditional practice that attempted to manage the challenging behavior of learners with learning difficulty and disabilities (LLDD) in learning and social environments, I questioned the extent to which they could manage themselves. From 265 students, 15 males, median age of 19, were invited to participate in 12 weekly one-hour focus groups’ discussions specific to the challenging behavior of three case study students drawn from the 15; they also participated in 12 weekly one-hour interviews that addressed challenging behavior. Thematic analysis yielded five themes related to different versions of LLDD either acting responsibly or irresponsibly: I’ve got a problem, I told staff, I can’t, I’m disabled, and I’m not normal. Discursive analysis highlighted five variable communicative and behavior patterns: conditioned-response, role specific, inner-conflicted, retreating, and higher order in response to current practice, and students use defensive disability language, defensive positional stances, and power plays (PPs) to assert power over practitioners; yet, when invited to transition from one identity to another one, LLDD proved able to manage their challenging behavior responsibly.
Unemployment Insurance Eligibility and the School-to-Work Transition in Canada and the United States

To study how the design of unemployment insurance affects people leaving school to find jobs, a model of job search in the presence of UI is developed and estimated for the US and Canada. The level of UI benefits depends upon previous earnings, a fact which creates opposing incentives for unemployed people not receiving benefits. Which of these opposing incentives dominates differs across demographic groups within each country. The major differences in the transition from school to work between Canada and the U.S. are a lower rate of job offer arrivals and a lower rate of offer rejections in Canada. Within each country, offer arrival rates differ across individuals much more than offer rejection rates.
Are Conservatives Less Likely to be Prosocial than Liberals? From Games to Ideology, Political Preferences and Votingg

Do political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conservatives less other–regarding than liberals? On the basis of past theorising, we hypothesised that, relative to individuals with prosocial orientations, those with individualistic and competitive orientations should be more likely to endorse conservative political preferences and vote for conservative parties. This hypothesis was supported in three independent studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the Netherlands (Study 3). Consistent with hypotheses, a cross–sectional study revealed that individualists and competitors endorsed stronger conservative political preferences than did prosocials; moreover, this effect was independent of the association between need for structure and conservative political preferences (Study 1). The predicted association of social value orientation and voting was observed in both a four–week (Study 2) and an eight–month (Study 3) longitudinal study. Taken together, the findings provide novel support for the claim that interpersonal orientations, as measured with experimental games rooted in game theory, are important to understanding differences in ideology at the societal level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working and Leaving Welfare: Does Race or Ethnicity Matter?

This article analyzes differences in welfare and labor market participation among white, African‐American, and Hispanic welfare recipients in Riverside, California. In the absence of a welfare‐to‐work program intervention, African Americans and Hispanics worked as much or more than whites but were less likely to leave welfare. This might be explained in part by their lower marriage and cohabitation rates and, perhaps, by less financial assistance from social networks and child support. Even with the help of a well‐run program, about half of welfare recipients relied on welfare after 2 years, and African Americans and Hispanics remained overrepresented in the welfare population.
Les troubles phonologiques et métaphonologiques chez l'enfant dyslexique

L’article examine une serie de situations experimentales mettant en evidence des deficiences phonologiques chez les enfants dyslexiques. Ces troubles concernent le traitement du signal de parole, l’elaboration de codes phonologiques d’acces au lexique et l’activation des codes phonologiques stockes en memoire. Les dyslexiques presentent egalement des difficultes a caractere metaphonologique susceptibles de perturber l’etablissement de connexions entre langue ecrite et connaissances lexicales. La question de l’entrainement phonologique et metaphonologique dans la remediation de la dyslexie ainsi que dans le cadre de la preparation a l’apprentissage de la lecture est aussi examinee.
An examination of the role of neuropsychological deficits in mentally disordered sex offenders

Abstract The present study examines the neuropsychological model of sexual offending proposed by Flor-Henry (1987) in relation to a group of mentally disordered sex offenders and a control group of mentally disordered non-sex offenders. The model predicts that the sex offender group would show specific left fronto-temporal dysfunction as compared with the control group. The results, while in the predicted direction, failed to reach statistical significance. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Collaborative inquiry as a professional learning structure for educators: a scoping review

Collaborative inquiry (CI) has emerged as a dominant structure for educator professional learning in the twenty-first century. CI engages educators in collaboratively investigating focused aspects of their professional practice by exploring student responses to instruction, leading to new understandings and changes in classroom teaching. However, despite the increased presence of CI, research on CI frameworks has yet to be consolidated and synthesized. The purpose of this systematic, scoping review was to examine literature on the structure, challenges, and benefits of CI as a professional learning structure for educators (i.e. teachers, principals, school district leaders). In total, 42 sources were identified and analysed in relation to characteristics of CI, supports and resources for CI, empirically supported benefits of CI, and enactment challenges. The review found that the majority of texts and research in this field are highly practical, describing CI steps or case-study examples. Accordingly, the current literature reviewed in this paper largely serves a how to function for engaging in CI projects with empirical data collected from primarily case-study work. The literature also provides preliminary theoretical articulations for CI as a professional learning structure for educators. The paper concludes with identified areas for future CI research related to: clarifying the focus of CI initiatives, articulating what ‘inquiry’ means in CI, and sustaining CI within the profession of teaching.
The interactive effects of relationship conflict, reward, and reputation on knowledge sharing

The relationship between relationship conflict and knowledge sharing (KS), and themoderating effects of reward and reputation on this relationship were investigated. A surveywas administered to 170 full-time employees in China and results indicated that relationshipconflict has a negative effect on KS. This relationship was moderated by reward andreputation such that the negative effect of relationship conflict on KS was found to be weakerwhen reward is high compared to when it is low, and the negative effect of relationshipconflict on KS was found to be weaker when reputation is high compared to when it is low. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Impulsivity, Aggression, and Psychopathic Deviation in a Sample of Iranian Adolescents and Young Adults: Gender Differences and Predictors

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of impulsivity, aggression, and psychopathic deviation and to investigate the roles of age and gender on these constructs in an Iranian sample. The sample consisted of 165 adolescents and 156 young adults who were randomly selected from Shiraz, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and three inventories were used in this study. Impulsivity and its subscales were significantly positively correlated to psychopathy deviation in this sample. There was no significant effect of gender on these variables among adolescents and young adults. Altogether, cognitive impulsivity and verbal aggression explained 5% of variation in psychopathy deviation among this sample.
Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) in the NW Mediterranean Sea Are Linked to Chlorophyll a and O2 Variability

Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) are relevant in particle and carbon fluxes in the ocean, and have economic impact in the desalination industry affecting reverse osmosis membrane fouling. However, general models of their occurrence and dynamics are not yet possible because of the poorly known co-variations with other physical and biological variables. Here, we describe TEP distributions in the NW Mediterranean Sea during late spring 2012, along perpendicular and parallel transects to the Catalan coast. The stations in the parallel transect were sampled at the surface, while the stations in the perpendicular transect were sampled from the surface to the bathypelagic, including the bottom nepheloid layers. We also followed the short-term TEP dynamics along a 2-day cycle in offshore waters. TEP concentrations in the area ranged from 4.9 to 122.8 and averaged 31.4 ± 12.0 μg XG eq L−1. The distribution of TEP measured in transects parallel to the Catalan Coast correlated those of chlorophyll a (Chla) in May but not in June, when higher TEP-values with respect to Chla were observed. TEP horizontal variability in epipelagic waters from the coast to the open sea also correlated to that of Chla, O2 (that we interpret as a proxy of primary production) and bacterial production (BP). In contrast, the TEP vertical distributions in epipelagic waters were uncoupled from those of Chla, as TEP maxima were located above the deep chlorophyll maxima. The vertical distribution of TEP in the epipelagic zone was correlated with O2 and BP, suggesting combined phytoplankton (through primary production) and bacterial (through carbon reprocessing) TEP sources. However, no clear temporal patterns arose during the 2-day cycle. In meso- and bathypelagic waters, where phytoplanktonic sources are minor, TEP concentrations (10.1 ± 4.3 μg XG eq l−1) were half those in the epipelagic, but we observed relative TEP increments coinciding with the presence of nepheloid layers. These TEP increases were not paralleled by increases in particulate organic carbon, indicating that TEP are likely to act as aggregating agents of the mostly inorganic particles present in these bottom nepheloid layers.
The Epidemic Theory of Ghettos and Neighborhood Effects on Dropping Out and Teenage Childbearing

Why are the social problems of ghettos so bad? This article proposes that ghettos are communities that have experienced epidemics of social problems. One important implication of this theory is that the pattern of neighborhood effects on social problems should be nonlinear in large cities. As neighborhood quality decreases, there should be a sharp increase in the probability that an individual will develop a social problem. The jump should occur somewhere near the bottom of the distribution of neighborhood quality. This hypothesis is tested by analyzing the pattern of neighborhood effects on dropping out and teenage childbearing. The analysis strongly supports the hypothesis, with exceptions for certain subgroups. Even after controlling for individual characteristics, black and white adolescents are exposed to sharp increases in the risk of dropping out and having a child in the worst neighborhoods in large cities.
Understanding major mental disorder : the contribution of family interaction research

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Stroop Interference in Chinese and English

This study examined whether Chinese and English orthographies would bring about a different Stroop effect. Eighty-five right-handed participants belonging to Chinese-English bilingual and English monolingual groups were invited to participate. The Stroop Color-Word Test – Victoria version (VST) and the Chinese version of the VST (CST) were the outcome measures. The bilinguals completed both the VST and CST, whereas the monolinguals performed only the VST. The results in both between- and within-group comparisons revealed no significant difference in Stroop effect no matter whether Chinese or English orthographies were used. This does not support the orthographic variation hypothesis and suggests that Chinese orthography does not generate a greater Stroop effect than English orthography.
Case-control study of the risk factors for age related macular degeneration

AIM A case-control study was initiated to determine the risk factors for the development of age related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Study participants, who were all white, aged 50–85 years, and were recruited from private ophthalmology practices. Each practitioner enrolled patients with bilateral AMD, who were then matched with controls for sex and age. Environmental factors and systemic and ocular histories were screened. All patients had bilateral red-free fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography. Photographs were classified into pigment epithelium alterations, drusen, geographic atrophy, and exudative AMD. Statistical analysis included the identification of risk factors for AMD. A multivariate analysis was performed at the end of the study. Analysis included the entire study population and was carried out for each stage of AMD. RESULTS 1844 controls were compared with 1844 patients with AMD. Mean age was 71 years for controls and 72 for cases. Logistic regression identified six major risk factors for AMD (whole population): arterial hypertension (odds ratio (OR) =1.28), coronary disease (OR=1.31), hyperopia (OR=1.33), light coloured irises (OR=1.22), and lens opacities or previous cataract surgery (OR=1.55). The significance of vascular risk factors was increased for late stages of AMD, especially the atrophic forms (coronary disease, OR=3.19). CONCLUSIONS This large case-control study confirms some of the risk factors previously identified and may contribute to the determination of methods for prevention of AMD.
An EH0-Mode Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna With Periodical Loading of Shorting Pins

In this paper, a novel class of microstrip leaky-wave antennas (MLWAs) under the operation of the fundamental EH0-mode in a microstrip line (MSL) is presented. The leaky-wave radiation is realized by periodically loading a set of shorting pins in the central plane along the longitudinal direction. Due to the inductive effect of these shorting pins, the phase constant of this pin-loaded MSL is reduced below its free-space counterpart so as to create a fast-wave frequency region for leaky-wave propagation and radiation. Compared with its counterpart higher order EH1- or EH2-mode MLWAs, the strip width of this EH0-mode MLWA can be freely designed with unspecified or narrow strip width. Our extensive investigations are then carried out to demonstrate its inductive-loaded fast-wave mechanism and distinctive characteristics, such as narrower strip width, low cutoff frequency, wide single-mode band, and controllable leakage constant in the fast-wave region. In final, two antenna prototypes with strip widths of 4.0 and 7.5 mm are designed, fabricated, and measured, with simulated and measured results in good agreement, validating the proposed pin-loaded technique for designs of EH0-mode MLWAs.
How strategic use of L1 in an L2-medium mathematics classroom facilitates L2 interaction and comprehension

There has been an increasing interest in and hence a growing number of research studies on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) over the past two decades. One of the on-going debates in CLIL is on bilingualism versus monolingualism, or the role of the first language (L1) in subject teaching. So far, very few research projects have been carried out in Asian L2-medium classrooms where there are significant differences in the learners' L1 and L2. Adopting an exemplary case study approach, this study investigates a bilingual teacher's strategy use in a mathematics L2-medium classroom in Hong Kong. Through analysing classroom observation data, teacher and student semi-structured interviews and artefacts, it was noted that the teacher made strategic use of L1 to mediate her students' gradual adaptation to the shift in medium of instruction. Methods that the teacher used included ones that resemble what L2 teachers would employ in language teaching: noticing, syllabification, morphological cues, think-pair-share, vocabulary-building strategies, questioning techniques, immediate correction and others. Results of the current investigation support as well as extend the findings of previous studies and have important reference value for bilingual teachers, teacher educators, policy-makers and CLIL researchers.
Modeling Judgments in the Angoff and Contrasting‐Groups Method of Standard Setting

Essential for the validity of the judgments in a standard-setting study is that they follow the implicit task assumptions. In the Angoff method, judgments are assumed to be inversely related to the difficulty of the items; contrasting-groups judgments are assumed to be positively related to the ability of the students. In the present study, judgments from both procedures were modeled with a random-effects probit regression model. The Angoff judgments showed a weaker link with the position of the items on the latent scale than the contrasting-groups judgments with the position of the students. Hence, in the specific context of the study, the contrasting-groups judgments were more aligned with the underlying assumptions of the method than the Angoff judgments.