Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Family Properties and Dark Halo Scaling Relations of Giant Elliptical Galaxies

Based on a uniform dynamical analysis of the line-profile shapes of 21 mostly luminous, slowly rotating, and nearly round elliptical galaxies, we have investigated the dynamical family relations and dark halo properties of ellipticals. Our results include: (i) The circular velocity curves (CVCs) of elliptical galaxies are flat to within ≃10% for R ≳ 0.2Re. (ii) Most ellipticals are moderately radially anisotropic; their dynamical structure is surprisingly uniform. (iii) Elliptical galaxies follow a Tully-Fisher (TF) relation with marginally shallower slope than spiral galaxies, and v ≃ 300 km s-1 for an L galaxy. At given circular velocity, they are ∼1 mag fainter in B and ∼0.6 mag in R and appear to have slightly lower baryonic mass than spirals, even for the maximum M/LB allowed by the kinematics. (iv) The luminosity dependence of M/LB indicated by the tilt of the fundamental plane (FP) is confirmed. The tilt of the FP is not caused by dynamical or photometric nonhomology, although the latter might influence the slope of M/L versus L. It can also not be due only to an increasing dark matter fraction with L for the range of IMF currently discussed. It is, however, consistent with stellar population models based on published metallicities and ages. The main driver is therefore probably metallicity, and a secondary population effect is needed to explain the K-band tilt. (v) These results make it likely that elliptical galaxies have nearly maximal M/LB (minimal halos). (vi) Despite the uniformly flat CVCs, there is a spread in the luminous to dark matter ratio and in cumulative M/LB(r). Some galaxies have no indication for dark matter within 2Re, whereas for others we obtain local M/LB-values of 20–30 at 2Re. (vii) In models with maximum stellar mass, the dark matter contributes ∼10%–40% of the mass within Re. Equal interior mass of dark and luminous matter is predicted at ∼2–4Re. (viii) Even in these maximum stellar mass models, the halo core densities and phase-space densities are at least ∼25 times larger and the halo core radii ∼4 times smaller than in spiral galaxies of the same circular velocity. The increase in M/L sets in at ∼10 times larger acceleration than in spirals. This could imply that elliptical galaxy halos collapsed at high redshifts or that some of the dark matter in ellipticals might be baryonic.
A Polymorphic Model of Information Systems Success: An Outcome of a Literature-Based Grounded Theory Analysis

Evaluation of Information Systems (IS) success is important given the pervasiveness of IS in organizations and society. Much research has examined IS Success, with several attempts made over time at consolidating and synthesizing findings from these myriad studies. In this paper we contribute to this line of research by conducting a systematic review of 55 journal articles on IS success published between 2003 and 2012. Techniques from Grounded Theory Methodology were used to analyse the literature. Enduring categories that emerged from the analysis included User-IT Association, Artefactual Characteristics, Influence Factors, Context, Benefits, Negative Consequences and Net Benefits. The identified categories were used to build a polymorphic model of IS success. The developed polymorphic model illustrates the essence of many IS success models.
Comparing Methods of Euthanasia and Gill Culture for Hypoxia Research on the Gulf Killifish, Fundulus grandis

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Beta-Strand Interfaces of Non-Dimeric Protein Oligomers Are Characterized by Scattered Charged Residue Patterns

Protein oligomers are formed either permanently, transiently or even by default. The protein chains are associated through intermolecular interactions constituting the protein interface. The protein interfaces of 40 soluble protein oligomers of stœchiometries above two are investigated using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, which analyzes the x-ray structures of the protein oligomers and considers their interfaces as interaction networks. The protein oligomers of the dataset share the same geometry of interface, made by the association of two individual β-strands (β-interfaces), but are otherwise unrelated. The results show that the β-interfaces are made of two interdigitated interaction networks. One of them involves interactions between main chain atoms (backbone network) while the other involves interactions between side chain and backbone atoms or between only side chain atoms (side chain network). Each one has its own characteristics which can be associated to a distinct role. The secondary structure of the β-interfaces is implemented through the backbone networks which are enriched with the hydrophobic amino acids favored in intramolecular β-sheets (MCWIV). The intermolecular specificity is provided by the side chain networks via positioning different types of charged residues at the extremities (arginine) and in the middle (glutamic acid and histidine) of the interface. Such charge distribution helps discriminating between sequences of intermolecular β-strands, of intramolecular β-strands and of β-strands forming β-amyloid fibers. This might open new venues for drug designs and predictive tool developments. Moreover, the β-strands of the cholera toxin B subunit interface, when produced individually as synthetic peptides, are capable of inhibiting the assembly of the toxin into pentamers. Thus, their sequences contain the features necessary for a β-interface formation. Such β-strands could be considered as ‘assemblons’, independent associating units, by homology to the foldons (independent folding unit). Such property would be extremely valuable in term of assembly inhibitory drug development.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Internet Addiction Disorder among Students at a College in Weifang,2009

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence of internet addiction disorder(IAD) among college students and the impact of emotional intelligence on IAD. [Methods]By use of stratified cluster random sampling,592 undergraduates from a college of Weifang were investigated through questionnaire in April,2009. [Results]Among all the 592 respondents,33(5.57%) were diagnosed as IAD.Prevalence of IAD among males and females was 8.61% and 2.88% respectively(P0.01);among students with good,middle and bad family economic status was 5.67%,5.75% and 4.00% respectively(P0.05). Among students with IAD and without IAD,score of emotional appraisal was 41.43±8.54 and 45.48±7.28 respectively(P0.01),score of emotional regulation was 36.58±7.59 and 37.47±6.42 respectively(P0.05),score of emotional utilization 32.36±7.32 and 35.14±6.70 respectively(P0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sex and ability of emotional appraisal and emotional utilization were risk factors of IAD(OR was 3.27,0.89 and 0.92 respectively). [Conclusion]Prevalence of IAD among college students in Weifang is at a general level.Males,those with lower score of emotional appraisal and emotional utilization are at high risk of IAD.
Detecting attacks against data in web applications

RRABIDS (Ruby on Rails Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection System) is an application level intrusion detection system for applications implemented with the Ruby on Rails framework. It is aimed at detecting attacks against data in the context of web applications. This anomaly based IDS focuses on the modeling of the application profile in the absence of attacks (called normal profile) using invariants. These invariants are discovered during a learning phase. Then, they are used to instrument the web application at source code level, so that a deviation from the normal profile can be detected at run-time. This paper illustrates on simple examples how the approach detects well known categories of web attacks that involve a state violation of the application, such as SQL injections. Finally, an assessment phase is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the detection provided by the proposed approach.
Crowdsourcing Verifiable Contextual Integrity Norms

Designing programmable privacy logic frameworks that correspond to social, ethical and legal norms has been a fundamentally hard problem. Contextual integrity (CI) [1] offers a model for conceptualizing privacy that is able to bridge technical design with ethical, legal, and policy approaches. While CI is capable of capturing the various components of contextual privacy in theory, no framework thus far has captured, encoded and verifiably enforced these norms in practice. Our paper proposes a novel privacy-preserving framework for crowdsourcing majoritarian privacy norms that are based on the language of CI. By conducting an extensive number of surveys on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (AMT), we demonstrate that crowdsourcing can provide a meaningful approach for extracting a significant percentage of operational informational norms based on majoritarian consensus. These norms are then encoded using Datalog logic specification to develop an information system, which can verify whether information follows are appropriate – and the privacy of users thus preserved – on the basis of the theory of CI.
The Relationship between the Lifestyle of the Elderly in Shanghai Communities and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background Those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are ten times more like to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than the general population. MCI diagnosis and early intervention are helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of AD in its early stages, thus delaying its development and improving the quality of life for those with MCI. Aims To analyze the relationship between the lifestyle of the elderly in Shanghai communities and mild cognitive impairment and to look for preventative lifestyle measures for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods 1005 elderly persons were randomly selected from the community in Shanghai. Study participants were 265 people with an MCI diagnosis and 607 non-MCI elderly persons. The demographic and lifestyle data of these elderly people were collected for univariate and multivariate analysis to search for statistically significant indicators. Results The univariate analysis revealed that smoking (χ2= 10.808, p=0.001), tea drinking (χ2=11.74, p= 0.001), having hobbies (χ2= 20.815, p<0.001), reading (χ2=28.670, p= 0.001), surfing the internet (χ2=12.623, p= 0.001), and photography (χ2=4.470, p= 0.034) were protective factors for MCI. The binary logistic regression, a multivariate analysis, revealed that smoking, reading, and surfing the internet had statistical significance. Their OR values were 0.562 (0.358-0.883), 0.428 (0.253-0.726), and 0.238 (0.071-0.797) respectively. Thus, smoking, reading, and surfing the internet were protective factors for MCI. Conclusions Lifestyle is associated with the onset of MCI. Good life habits and behaviors are significant in the prevention of MCI developing into Alzheimer’s.
Redox regulation of diaphragm proteolysis during mechanical ventilation

Prevention of oxidative stress via antioxidants attenuates mechanical ventilation (MV) diaphragm myofiber atrophy. The specific redox sensitive mechanisms for this attenuation remain unknown. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle proteolytic activity is a potential site of diaphragm redox regulation during MV. Rats were assigned to: 1) control (Con): 2) 6‐hours of MV (6hr MV); 3) 6‐hours of MV with the antioxidant, Trolox (6hr MVT), 4) 18‐hours of MV (18hr MV); and 5) 18‐hours MV with Trolox (18hr MVT). Trolox did not attenuate MV induced increases in ubiquitin‐protein conjugation, poly‐ubiquitin and proteasomal subunits (20S proteasome α‐subunit 7, 14kDa‐E2, and proteasome‐activating complex PA28) gene expression. However, antioxidant administration reduced both chymotrypsin‐like and PGPH‐like 20‐S proteasome activities. Trolox attenuated MV‐induced increases in the percentage of easily releaseable diaphragm myofilament protein. These data suggest that the protective effect of antioxidant administration on the diaphragm during MV occurs primarily by decreasing myofilament protein substrate availability to the proteasome. This work supported by National Institutes of Health (R01 HL072789).
Working memory capacity and aspects of L2 speech production

This study examines whether working memory capacity, a construct of current information processing theory, correltaes with fluent foreign language (L2) speech production. It is based on Daneman, who found a significant correlation between individuals' working memory capacity and the fluency with which they can speak in their first language (L1). Adapting Daneman's methodology, a set of seven experiments was applied to 16 advanced speakers of English as a foreign language. Working memory was assessedby means of the Speaking Span Test and the Reading Span Test, both in Portuguese and English. L2 fluency was assessed by means of the Speech Generation Task, the Oral Reading Task and the Oral Slip Task. Working memory capacity correlated significantly only with the first and the second. The results of the present study support the task-specific view of working memory capacity, which posits that this capacity is functional, varying according to the individual's efficiency in the processes specific to the cognitive task with which it is being correlated.
Interactive Video Telehealth Models to Improve Access to Diabetes Specialty Care and Education in the Rural Setting: A Systematic Review

The burden of diabetes is complex and growing in epidemic proportions. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), ∼29.1 million Americans (9.3% of the population) were diagnosed with diabetes as of 2015, and >1 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people ≥20 years of age in the United States each year (1). Diabetes is also on the rise globally. The International Diabetes Federation has predicted that the number of people with diabetes worldwide will rise from the present 415 million to 642 million in 2040 (2). Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States and kills more people every year than AIDS and breast cancer combined (1). Patients with diabetes often have comorbid conditions of hypertension, dyslipidemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney failure, lower limb amputations, and cardiovascular disease (3). Alarmingly, in the past decade, research has shown an increased risk for pancreatic, liver, colorectal, endometrial, and breast cancer among people living with diabetes (4). Although additional studies are needed to determine the causes of this risk, cancer screening is a necessary standard of diabetes care. Increased diabetes incidence in the United States is attributed to an aging population, increased diabetes risk among expanding minority groups (i.e., non-Hispanic blacks, Asians, Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans/Alaska Natives), sedentary lifestyle, and high rates of obesity (5). In 2012, the ADA reported that diabetes accounted for $245 billion in public costs, including $176 billion in direct costs and $69 billion in indirect costs (i.e., disability, work loss, and premature mortality). In the absence of an improved diabetes management strategy, escalating costs will create an enormous economic burden for the already strained U.S. health care system. The prevalence of diabetes is 17% higher in adults living in rural areas than in the population as a whole (6). Rural populations …
Chapter 7 Autocrine regulation of re-epithelialization after wounding by chemokine receptors CCR 1 , CCR 10 , CXCR 1 , CXCR 2 and CXCR 3

AbsTRACT This study identifies chemokine receptors involved in an autocrine regulation of re-epitheli-alization after skin tissue damage. We determined which receptors, from a panel of thirteen, are expressed in healthy human epidermis and which mono-specific chemokine ligands, secreted by keratinocytes, were able to stimulate migration and proliferation. A reconstructed epidermis cryo-(freeze) wound model was used to assess chemokine secretion after wounding and the effect of pertussis toxin (chemokine receptor blocker) on re-epithelialization CXCR3 and CXCR4 were expressed in epidermis. No expression of CCR2, CCR5, CCR7 and CCR8 was observed by either immunostaining or flow cytometry. Five chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3) were identified whose corresponding mono-specific ligands (CCL14, CCL27, CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL10 respectively) were not only able to stimulate keratinocyte migration and/or proliferation but were also secreted by keratinocytes after introducing cryo-wounds into epidermal equivalents. Blocking of receptor-ligand interactions with pertussis toxin delayed re-epithelialization but did not influence differentiation (as assessed by formation of basal layer, spinous layer, granular layer and stratum corneum) after cryo-wounding. Taken together, these results confirm that an autocrine positive feedback loop of epithelialization exists in order to stimulate wound closure after skin injury.
The characteristics of multi-directional step distance and the association between stepping laterality and walking ability of patients with stroke

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stepping limb and step direction on step distance and the association of step distance and stepping laterality in step difference with walking ability and motor dysfunction. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were thirty-nine patients with chronic hemiparesis as a result of stroke, who performed the MSL (Maximum Step Length) test along with tests of motor impairment, gait speed and Functional Ambulation Category. The MSL test is a clinical test of stepping distance in which participants step to the front, side, and back. The subjects were classified into three groups according to the stepping laterality in front step distance. [Results] Step distance did not differ across stepping limbs but did differ across step directions. Front step distance was significantly longer than side and back step distance. Participants with forward paretic step length shorter than forward non-paretic step length had significantly higher walking ability than participants with symmetric forward step length or forward paretic step length longer than forward non-paretic step length [Conclusion] Patients with stroke have characteristic step distances in each direction. Adequate weight shift toward the paretic limb when stepping with the non-paretic limb is associated with walking ability.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in cancer: physical foundations and applications of restriction spectrum imaging.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been at the forefront of cancer imaging since the early 2000s. Before its application in clinical oncology, this powerful technique had already achieved widespread recognition due to its utility in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction. Following this initial success, the ability of DWI to detect inherent tissue contrast began to be exploited in the field of oncology. Although the initial oncologic applications for tumor detection and characterization, assessing treatment response, and predicting survival were primarily in the field of neurooncology, the scope of DWI has since broadened to include oncologic imaging of the prostate gland, breast, and liver. Despite its growing success and application, misconceptions about the underlying physical basis of the DWI signal exist among researchers and clinicians alike. In this review, we provide a detailed explanation of the biophysical basis of diffusion contrast, emphasizing the difference between hindered and restricted diffusion, and elucidating how diffusion parameters in tissue are derived from the measurements via the diffusion model. We describe one advanced DWI modeling technique, called restriction spectrum imaging (RSI). This technique offers a more direct in vivo measure of tumor cells, due to its ability to distinguish separable pools of water within tissue based on their intrinsic diffusion characteristics. Using RSI as an example, we then highlight the ability of advanced DWI techniques to address key clinical challenges in neurooncology, including improved tumor conspicuity, distinguishing actual response to therapy from pseudoresponse, and delineation of white matter tracts in regions of peritumoral edema. We also discuss how RSI, combined with new methods for correction of spatial distortions inherent in diffusion MRI scans, may enable more precise spatial targeting of lesions, with implications for radiation oncology and surgical planning. See all articles in this Cancer Research section, "Physics in Cancer Research. "
How Deep Is Your SNARC? Interactions Between Numerical Magnitude, Response Hands, and Reachability in Peripersonal Space

Spatial, physical, and semantic magnitude dimensions can influence action decisions in human cognitive processing and interact with each other. For example, in the spatial-numerical associations of response code (SNARC) effect, semantic numerical magnitude facilitates left-hand or right-hand responding dependent on the small or large magnitude of number symbols. SNARC-like interactions of numerical magnitudes with the radial spatial dimension (depth) were postulated from early on. Usually, the SNARC effect in any direction is investigated using fronto-parallel computer monitors for presentation of stimuli. In such 2D setups, however, the metaphorical and literal interpretation of the radial depth axis with seemingly close/far stimuli or responses are not distinct. Hence, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions with respect to the contribution of different spatial mappings to the SNARC effect. In order to disentangle the different mappings in a natural way, we studied parametrical interactions between semantic numerical magnitude, horizontal directional responses, and perceptual distance by means of stereoscopic depth in an immersive virtual reality (VR). Two VR experiments show horizontal SNARC effects across all spatial displacements in traditional latency measures and kinematic response parameters. No indications of a SNARC effect along the depth axis, as it would be predicted by a direct mapping account, were observed, but the results show a non-linear relationship between horizontal SNARC slopes and physical distance. Steepest SNARC slopes were observed for digits presented close to the hands. We conclude that spatial-numerical processing is susceptible to effector-based processes but relatively resilient to task-irrelevant variations of radial-spatial magnitudes.
Initial Experience of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Problem Based- Learning

The purpose of this study was to assess third year physiotherapy students' perception and views about initial experience of PBL in Musculoskeletal physiotherapy soon after the clinical placement. The self-administered questionnaire measured perception of PBL on a 5-point Likert type rating scale and focus group discussion used to evaluate the PBL among third year physiotherapy students of the Department of Physiotherapy, University of Peradeniya. Eighteen females and six males responded (comprising 75% of the total sample). Most students were positive that PBL contributed to improve communication skills, critical thinking and makes fun. However female students expressed that they enjoyed group work and it was effective in fulfilling learning objectives. These same views were expressed during focus discussion, female students made reference to enjoying the group work of PBL. This concludes that PBL has facilitated learning concepts in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and helped students to manage patients confidently during their clinical training.