Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment Patterns Trigger Differential Neural Signature of Emotional Processing in Adolescents

Background Research suggests that individuals with different attachment patterns process social information differently, especially in terms of facial emotion recognition. However, few studies have explored social information processes in adolescents. This study examined the behavioral and ERP correlates of emotional processing in adolescents with different attachment orientations (insecure attachment group and secure attachment group; IAG and SAG, respectively). This study also explored the association of these correlates to individual neuropsychological profiles. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a modified version of the dual valence task (DVT), in which participants classify stimuli (faces and words) according to emotional valence (positive or negative). Results showed that the IAG performed significantly worse than SAG on tests of executive function (EF attention, processing speed, visuospatial abilities and cognitive flexibility). In the behavioral DVT, the IAG presented lower performance and accuracy. The IAG also exhibited slower RTs for stimuli with negative valence. Compared to the SAG, the IAG showed a negative bias for faces; a larger P1 and attenuated N170 component over the right hemisphere was observed. A negative bias was also observed in the IAG for word stimuli, which was demonstrated by comparing the N170 amplitude of the IAG with the valence of the SAG. Finally, the amplitude of the N170 elicited by the facial stimuli correlated with EF in both groups (and negative valence with EF in the IAG). Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that individuals with different attachment patterns process key emotional information and corresponding EF differently. This is evidenced by an early modulation of ERP components’ amplitudes, which are correlated with behavioral and neuropsychological effects. In brief, attachments patterns appear to impact multiple domains, such as emotional processing and EFs.
Estimating Values for Recreational Fishing at Freshwater Dams in Queensland

In this paper, estimates of value for recreational fishing are reported for three major freshwater impoundments in Queensland, Australia, using both travel cost and contingent valuation methods. Policy analysts often require estimates of value when analysing the importance of recreation against other uses of impoundments, or when considering the potential for further investments, such as with fish stocking programs. Different forms of the travel cost method are used to estimate separate consumer surpluses associated with two key subgroups of recreational anglers: frequent and occasional anglers. A contingent valuation study is used to estimate the marginal values associated with a potential improvement in fishing experience. The results of the travel cost analysis provide strong evidence that recreational values vary between different groups of anglers and across sites, while the contingent valuation estimates provide values for additional marginal benefits of recreational angling.
A Novel ATP-dependent Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Expressed Predominantly in Glial Cells (*)

We have isolated a novel inward rectifier K+ channel predominantly expressed in glial cells of the central nervous system. Its amino acid sequence exhibited 53% identity with ROMK1 and approximately 40% identity with other inward rectifier K+ channels. Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA derived from this clone expressed a K+ current, which showed classical in-ward rectifier K+ channel characteristics. Intracellular Mg·ATP was required to sustain channel activity in excised membrane patches, which is consistent with a Walker type-A ATP-binding domain on this clone. We designate this new clone as KAB-2 (the second type of inward rectifying K+ channel with an ATP-binding domain). In situ hybridization showed KAB-2 mRNA to be expressed predominantly in glial cells of the cerebellum and forebrain. This is the first description of the cloning of a glial cell inward rectifier potassium channel, which may be responsible for K+ buffering action of glial cells in the brain.
Closure of a patent foramen ovale is associated with a decrease in prevalence of migraine

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is one of the major causes of right-to-left shunt, and a causal relationship between migraine and a PFO has been suggested.1 We evaluated whether percutaneous closure of a PFO was associated with changes in the prevalence of migraine. ### Patient selection. Patients with a PFO who had a paradoxical embolic event or systemic desaturation and who underwent a percutaneous closure in our center between February 1999 and September 2002 were included. The medical files were reviewed. The ethical committee approved the study. ### Evaluation of migraine. A questionnaire was composed in such a way that a neurologist could diagnose migraine with or without aura (MA+ and MA−) according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. The questionnaire was sent to all patients and focused on three periods: 1 year before and 2 months and at least 6 months after percutaneous closure. Two neurologists blinded to the patients’ files diagnosed MA+ …
A High-Efficiency AC/DC Converter With Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction

This letter presents a novel ac/dc converter based on a quasi-active power factor correction (PFC) scheme. In the proposed circuit, the power factor is improved by using an auxiliary winding coupled to the transformer of a cascade dc/dc flyback converter. The auxiliary winding is placed between the input rectifier and the low-frequency filter capacitor to serve as a magnetic switch to drive an input inductor. Since the dc/dc converter is operated at high-switching frequency, the auxiliary windings produce a high frequency pulsating source such that the input current conduction angle is significantly lengthened and the input current harmonics is reduced. It eliminates the use of active switch and control circuit for PFC, which results in lower cost and higher efficiency. In order to achieve low harmonic content, the input inductor is designed to operate in discontinuous current mode. Operating principles, analysis, and experimental results of the proposed method are presented.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum

Background. Postnatal depression refers to a non‐psychotic depressive episode that begins in or extends into the postpartum period. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a pregnant and later postnatal population, to determine the natural course of these symptoms and whether there is an association between antenatal and postnatal depressive symptomatology.
Influence of Time and Direction Information on Video Head Impulse Gains.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish which factor leads to a higher vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain: the timing of the movement or the direction of the movement. For this purpose, healthy volunteers were examined under three conditions: (1) when they were informed about the timing of the head movement; (2) when they were informed about the direction of the head movement; and (3) when they knew both the timing and the direction of the head movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included data from 19 participants between the ages of 20 and 23 years with no neurological or vestibular ailments. The gains of the video head impulse test (vHIT) were measured under four different conditions and the final control tests. Five subgroups were defined, and the differences in the subgroups were assessed with using several statistical procedures. RESULTS We found that there were significant differences between all subgroups gains on the right and left head rotations. Nevertheless, nonsignificant differences were found by performing independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests between left and right head rotations for the pairwise comparisons of subgroups. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that vHIT gains for the right and left , respectively). Thus, knowing the timing or direction or both does not affect vHIT gains. CONCLUSION The results of these experiments revealed that there is no association whatsoever between VOR gain and awareness of the timing or direction of the movement or both.
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Reappraisal

This study reviews the pathogenic hormonal abnormalities (insulin deficiency and stress hormone excess) in diabetic ketoacidosis. The data both supporting and negating a primary role for insulin deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis are examined. Evidence implicating excess stress hormone secretion as a necessary event in the development of severe metabolic decompensation is discussed. The data suggest that diabetic ketoacidosis may be prevented by correcting either the relative deficiency of insulin or the excess secreation of one or a combination of the stress hormones. Studies supporting a primary role for insulin deficiency in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis include the beneficial therapeutic response to insulin administration in ketoacidosis, development of ketoacidosis; and (3) stress hormone excess is necessary for fulminant ketoacidosis to be manifested.s following insulin withdrawal from diabetic man and animals, and hypoglycemic and hypoketonemic effects of insulin. Studies negating a primary role for insulin deficiency in ketoacidosis include the “normal” plasma insulin concentration in the majority of ketoacidotic cases, delayed onset of ketoacidosis after insulin withdrawal from diabetic man, and lack of hypolipolytic and hypoketonemic effect of insulin without prior stress hormone adipocyte and hepatocyte stimulation. Evidence that stress hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone) contribute to the metabolic decompensation of ketoacidosis includes: (1) in all cases of ketoacidosis, at least one stress hormone is always elevated; (2) pharmacologic blockade of each of the stress hormones reduces the rate and/or frequency of metabolic decompensation in diabetic man; (3) removal of the pituitary and/or the adrenal gland in diabetic animals completely prevents the development of ketoacidosis after insulin withdrawal; and (4) administration of each of the four stress hormones under appropriate conditions induces metabolic decompensation in diabetic man with “normal” circulating levels of plasma insulin concentration. From these studies, the following conclusions are supported: (1) absolute insulin deficiency is an unusual cause of ketoacidosis; (2) the presence of relative insulin deficiency is necessary for the development of ketoacidosis; and (3) stress hormone excess is necessary for fulminant ketoacidosis to be manifested.
Further studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1. A study of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep was made using isotope dilution techniques with (15NH4)2SO4, [15N]urea and [14C]urea in order to determine quantitatively the movements of urea-N and NH3-N throughout the body of normal, feeding sheep. 2. Single injections of 15N-labelled compounds were made into the rumen fluid NH3, caecal fluid NH3 and the blood urea pools, in order to estimate the rates of flux through, and the transfer of N between, these and other nitrogenous pools in the body. 51Cr EDTA was injected into the rumen and caecum with (15NH4)2SO4 to allow estimation of fluid volumes and to provide an indication of mixing, and of times of transit of isotopes between different sampling sites in the digestive tract. 3. The sheep ate approximately 22 g lucerne chaff/h and the mean dietary N intake was 16.3 g/d. 4. The rate of flux of NH3 through the rumen NH3 pool was 15.0 g/d (i.e. 90% of the dietary N ingested; however, this amount also included N from plasma urea (1.1 g/d) and other endogenous sources including NH3 derived from caecal NH3 (0.4 g/d). 5. Only 40% of the N in isolated rumen bacteria was derived from NH3, indicating that a considerable proportion of their N requirements were obtained from compounds other than NH3 (e.g. peptides and amino acids). 6. There was evidence of recycling of N between nitrogenous pools in the rumen, probably through rumen NH3 → microbial N → NH3. 7. It was estimated that 5.3 g blood urea-N/d entered the digestive tract: 20% of this urea was degraded in the rumen, 25% in the caecum and the remainder was apparently degraded elsewhere; there was evidence of urea degradation in the large intestine posterior to the caecum and it is suggested that urea degradation and absorption of the resultant NH3 may occur in the ileum. 8. Of the 4.8 g N/d entering the caecal NH3 pool, 4.2 g N/d left and did not return and the difference (0.6 g N/d) was recycled, possibly through caecal NH3 → microbial N → NH3. 9. A large proportion of the NH3 entering the caecal NH3 pool (70% or 3.2 g N/d) was apparently derived from degradation of nitrogenous products, other than urea, including rumen microbial N (1.0 g N/d) passing undigested from the small intestine. 10. Less than half the NH3-N of caecal origin entering the rumen passed through the blood urea pool; the remainder was apparently transported as other nitrogenous compounds in the blood or body fluids. 11. The results of the three experiments were combined in a general three-pool, opencompartment model which formally recognizes an unlimited number of other unspecified, interconnected pools together comprising the whole-animal system. Rates of flux through, and transfer of N between these and other nitrogenous pools in the body were calculated by solving this model and the information derived has been applied to whole-animal models with a view to subsequently using these models in computer simulation studies.
Osteoprotegerin, but Not Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B Ligand, is Associated With Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Men

Context:Abnormalities in the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-&kgr;B ligand (RANKL) axis have been observed in HIV-infected persons and have been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis in the general population. Objective:To determine associations of serum OPG and RANKL concentrations with HIV infection and subclinical atherosclerosis. Design:Cross-sectional study nested within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Setting:Four US academic medical centers. Participants:There were 578 HIV-infected and 344 HIV-uninfected men. Main outcome measures:Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography, and coronary stenosis and plaque characteristics (composition, presence, and extent) were measured by coronary computed tomography angiography. All statistical models were adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors. Results:OPG concentrations were higher, and RANKL concentrations were lower among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men (P < 0.0001 each). Among HIV-infected men, higher OPG concentrations were associated with the presence of CAC, mixed plaque, and coronary stenosis >50%, but not with plaque extent. In contrast, among HIV-uninfected men, higher OPG concentrations were associated with the extent of both CAC and calcified plaque, but not with their presence. RANKL concentrations were not associated with plaque presence or the extent among HIV-infected men, but among HIV-uninfected men, lower RANKL concentrations were associated with greater extent of CAC and total plaque. Conclusions:OPG and RANKL are dysregulated in HIV-infected men, and their relationship to the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis varies by HIV status. The role of these biomarkers in CVD pathogenesis and risk prediction may be different in HIV-infected men.
Design of a Radix-2m Hybrid Array Multiplier Using Carry Save Adder

In this work, we present a design of a radix-2m Hybrid array multiplier using Carry Save Adder (CSA) circuit in the partial product lines in order to speed-up the carry propagation along the array. The Hybrid multiplier architecture was previously presented in the literature using Ripple Carry Adders (RCA) in the partial product lines. In our work we present improvements in this multiplier by using a faster CSA along the circuit. The results we present show that the Hybrid architecture with CSA compares favorably in area, performance and power with the architecture with RCA. In this work we also compare the Hybrid multiplier against the Modified Booth multiplier, both using CSA. The results we have obtained show that after using CSA in the partial product lines, the Hybrid multiplier is significantly more efficient than the Modified Booth circuit. Power savings close to 25% are achievable. We compare the multipliers in terms of area, delay and power by using Altera Quartus II tool. Synthesis and simulation of the multipliers are performed for Altera Stratix device.
Biologics: Targets and Therapy Dovepress Clinical and Comparative Utility of Afatinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

The first targeted agents approved for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment , the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib, have an impressive activity in the presence of activating mutations of the EGFR gene. However, all patients develop acquired resistance principally through secondary mutations (T790M), HER2 amplification, MET amplification, and other molecular aberrations. An attempt to overcome EGFR TKI resistance has been through the development of irreversible blockers. Afatinib is an irreversible inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of all members of the HER family. The pharmacologic properties of afatinib (formation of covalent bonds, inhibition of other family members, and in vitro and in vivo activity on T790M mutation positive tumors) made this drug particularly appealing to study in clinic. Therefore, an intense program of clinical research (LUX-Lung program) was started and clinical results have shown very encouraging activity profiles in patients harboring EGFR activating mutations and in those with acquired resistance to reversible TKIs.
Time-Varying Channel Estimation for MIMO/OFDM Systems Using Superimposed Training

This paper deals with the problem of time-varying (TV) channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output/orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO/OFDM) systems based on superimposed training (ST). The time-varying coefficients of the TV channel are firstly modeled by truncated discrete Fourier bases, and then optimally estimated both in one OFDM symbols and over multiple OFDM symbols by judiciously designing the superimposed pilots. In addition, an iterative symbol detection based channel estimation scheme with analytical performance analysis, is provided to mitigate the interference due to the unknown information sequences (thus to further improve channel estimation performance as well as SER levels). Simulations confirm that the proposed estimator achieves a considerable gain in estimating TV channels, and exhibits a nearly indistinguishable symbol error rate performance from the OFDM systems of frequency-division multiplexed trainings.
Journal of Enterprise Information Management Emerald Article: Factors affecting ERP system adoption: A comparative analysis between SMEs and large companies

Purpose – Proposes providing an insight about enterprise resource planning (ERP) adoption, highlighting contact points and signiﬁcant differences between the way small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies approach such a task. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a wide literature review, focused on the identiﬁcation of a taxonomy of business and organizational factors inﬂuencing ERP adoption. The deriving research model was incorporated in a questionnaire that was preliminarily tested and ﬁnally provided to a sample of 366 companies of any size. Responses were collected through personal interviews made by a dedicated team to a top manager. Findings – The analysis of the empirical data shows that business complexity, as a composed factor, is a weak predictor of ERP adoption, whereas just company size turns out to be a very good one. In other words, companies seem to be disregarding ERP systems as an answer to their business complexity. Unexpectedly, SMEs disregard ﬁnancial constraints as the main cause for ERP system non-adoption, suggesting structural and organizational reasons as major ones. This pattern is partially different from what was observed in large organizations where the ﬁrst reason for not adopting an ERP system is organizational. Moreover, the decision process regarding the adoption of ERP systems within SMEs is still more affected by exogenous reasons or “opportunity of the moment” than business-related factors, contrary to large companies that are more interested in managing process integration and data redundancy/inconsistency through ERP implementation. Research limitations/implications – The research model is based on the assumption that business complexity and organizational change are the most relevant variables inﬂuencing ERP adoption, and such variables are explained through a set of factors inherently limited by the results of the literature review. Practical implications – The results of the empirical research provide indication to SMEs willing to take into consideration the adoption of an ERP system. The same outcomes could be incorporated into the development strategies of ERP software houses.
Reproduction of Seen Actions: Stimulus-Selective Learning

Subjects observed and reproduced abstract, irregular stimulus models generated by the steady movement of a disk across two-dimensional paths. The paths comprised 3 to 7 randomly oriented linear segments linked head-to-foot. Reproductions were expressed by moving a stylus over the surface of a graphics tablet while the disk was tracing its trajectory (concurrent reproduction), or soon after the disk had finished (delayed reproduction). For both concurrent and delayed conditions, fidelity of reproduction fell with increasing number of segments in the model. Overall quality of reproduction did not differ between the two conditions. When a few models were repeated, interspersed among non-repeated ones, performance improved but only when reproduction was delayed. This improvement was stimulus-selective, not a general improvement with practice. Two additional experiments showed that (i) memory for a seen model is well preserved for at least 6 s, with relatively modest need for rehearsal, and (ii) successful reproduction is possible with remarkably little information having been extracted from key points in the model's trajectory.
Pyrazine analogs are active components of wolf urine that induce avoidance and fear-related behaviors in deer

Our previous studies indicated that a cocktail of pyrazine analogs, identified in wolf urine, induced avoidance and fear behaviors in mice. The effects of the pyrazine cocktail on Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were investigated in field bioassays at a deer park in Hokkaido, Japan. A set of feeding bioassay trials tested the effects of the pyrazine cocktail odor on the behavior of the deer located around a feeding area in August and September 2013. This odor effectively suppressed the approach of the deer to the feeding area. In addition, the pyrazine cocktail odor provoked fear-related behaviors, such as “tail-flag”, “flight” and “jump” actions, of the deer around the feeding area. This study is the first experimental demonstration that the pyrazine analogs in wolf urine have robust and continual fearful aversive effects on ungulates as well as mice. The pyrazine cocktail might be suitable for a chemical repellent that could limit damage to forests and agricultural crops by wild ungulates.