Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPAIRMENT OF LANE CHANGE PERFORMANCE DUE TO DISTRACTION : EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL CONTEXTS

This paper aims to evaluate the consistency and sensitivity of the Lane Change Test (LCT), which is subject of a proposed ISO standard. The method aims at estimating driving demand while a secondary task is being performed, by measuring performance degradation on a primary driving-like task. An experiment was conducted in two experimental contexts, a driving simulator and a Personal Computer (including pedals and steering wheel), and with two auditory and two visual-manual secondary tasks. Three performance measures were calculated: mean deviation adapted, correct lane change ratio and lane change initiation. The effect of experimental context was significant. The trajectory, measured by adapted mean deviation, was of better quality on the simulator, while lane changes were initiated earlier on the PC. This difference may be explained by the greater immersion of the driver in the driving scene, which led to easier control of the trajectory in the simulator. Conversely, participants initiated quicker responses to signs when using the PC, to the detriment of trajectory control. The LCT was proven to be sensitive enough to evaluate the driving performance impairment due to the simultaneous performance of various secondary tasks.
Cannabinoids Excite Circadian Clock Neurons

Cannabinoids, the primary active agent in drugs of abuse such as marijuana and hashish, tend to generate a distorted sense of time. Here we study the effect of cannabinoids on the brain's circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), using patch clamp and cell-attached electrophysiological recordings, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and behavioral analysis. The SCN showed strong expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1R, as detected with RT-PCR. SCN neurons, including those using GABA as a transmitter, and axons within the SCN, expressed CB1R immunoreactivity. Behaviorally, cannabinoids did not alter the endogenous free-running circadian rhythm in the mouse brain, but did attenuate the ability of the circadian clock to entrain to light zeitgebers. In the absence of light, infusion of the CB1R antagonist AM251 caused a modest phase shift, suggesting endocannabinoid modulation of clock timing. Interestingly, cannabinoids had no effect on glutamate release from the retinohypothalamic projection, suggesting a direct action of cannabinoids on the retinohypothalamic tract was unlikely to explain the inhibition of the phase shift. Within the SCN, cannabinoids were excitatory by a mechanism based on presynaptic CB1R attenuation of axonal GABA release. These data raise the possibility that the time dissociation described by cannabinoid users may result in part from altered circadian clock function and/or entrainment to environmental time cues.
Nutrient and Bacterial Transport in Runoff from Soil and Pond Ash Amended Feedlot Surfaces

The addition of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds and subsequently dewatered) to feedlot surfaces provides a healthier environment for livestock and economic advantages for the feedlot operator. However, the water quality effects of pond ash amended surfaces are not well understood. The objectives of this field investigation were to: (1)�compare feedlot soil properties, and nutrient and bacterial transport in runoff, from pond ash amended surfaces and soil surfaces; (2) compare the effects of unconsolidated surface materials (USM) (loose manure pack) and consolidated subsurface materials (CSM) (compacted manure and underlying layers) on nutrient and bacterial transport in runoff; and (3) determine if the measured water quality parameters are correlated to soil properties. Simulated rainfall events were applied to 0.75 m wide × 2 m long plots with different surface materials and surface conditions. Measurements of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and pH were found to be significantly greater on the pond ash amended surfaces. In comparison, the soil surfaces contained significantly greater amounts of Bray 1-P. The runoff load of NH4-N was significantly greater on the pond ash amended surfaces, while the total phosphorus (TP) load was significantly greater on the soil surfaces. The NO3-N and total nitrogen (TN) loads in runoff were significantly greater on the feedlot surfaces containing CSM. Concentrations of E. �coli in runoff were similar on the pond ash amended surfaces and soil surfaces. The dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), and TP load of runoff were all significantly correlated to Bray 1-P measurements.
Predicting clinically significant response to cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia in general medical practice: analysis of outcome data at 12 months posttreatment.

The clinical efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for chronic insomnia has been established, yet clinical effectiveness is less clear. This study presents data on 109 patients from general practice during a formal evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Two thirds achieved normative values of < or =30 min for sleep latency and wakefulness during the night after CBT. Furthermore, almost half of the sample reduced sleeplessness by > or =50%. Logistic regression revealed that initial severity did not contraindicate good outcome. Rather, greater sleep disturbance was positively associated with large symptom reduction, although lower endpoint scores were less likely. Similarly, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and thinking errors positively predicted good outcome. Hypnotic using patients responded equally well to CBT, and demographic factors were of no significant predictive value. It is concluded that CBT is clinically and durably effective for persistent insomnia in routine practice.
Well It's Only Fair: How Perceptions of Manager Discretion in Bonus Allocation Affect Intrinsic Motivation

Perceptions of manager discretion in incentive allocation are theoretically and practically important to help explain the much-debated relationship between performance-related bonuses and intrinsic motivation. We argue, and demonstrate, that perceived managerial discretion is a key moderator to this relationship because of its relevance to procedural fairness. In a first study, we developed a measure for perceived manager discretion and distinguished it from related concepts. In a second experiment, we found that higher bonuses associated with higher levels of perceived manager discretion enhanced procedural fairness but those based on lower discretion did not. In a third field study, we found that actual bonuses implemented by a service organization enhanced intrinsic motivation indirectly through procedural fairness, but only when employees perceived their bonus to be based on higher levels of perceived manager discretion. Conversely, when bonus level was associated with lower perceived manager discretion, it negatively predicted of intrinsic motivation.
Public Wages in the Euro Area: Towards Securing Stability and Competitiveness

This paper examines the role of government wages in ensuring macroeconomic stability and competitiveness in the euro area. Recent empirical evidence suggests that government wage expenditure is subject to a pro-cyclical bias in most euro area countries and at the euro area aggregate level. Moreover, the evidence points to a strong positive correlation and co-movement between public and private wages in the short to medium term, both directly and indirectly via the price level, in most euro area countries. In a number of countries this interrelation between public and private wages coincided with strong public wage growth and competitiveness losses. These findings underpin the need for prudent public wage policies supported by strong domestic fiscal frameworks and appropriate wage-setting institutions in order to enhance economic stability and competitiveness in Economic and Monetary Union.
Stability of plate anchors in undrained clay

Soil anchors are commonly used as foundation systems for structures requiring uplift resistance, such as transmission towers, or for structures requiring lateral resistance, such as sheet pile walls. To date, the design of these anchors has been largely based on empiricism. This paper applies numerical limit analysis to rigorously evaluate the stability of vertical and horizontal strip anchors in undrained clay. Rigorous bounds on the ultimate pull–out capacity are obtained by using two numerical procedures that are based on finite element formulations of the upper and lower bound theorems of limit analysis. These formulations follow standard procedure by assuming a rigid perfectly plastic clay model with a Tresca yield criterion, and generate large linear programming problems. By obtaining both upper and lower bound estimates of the pull–out capacity, the true pull–out resistance can be bracketed from above and below. Results are presented in the familiar form of break–out factors based on various soil s.
Improvement of Immobilization of fat , oil and grease ( FOG ) by calcium alginate

Article history: Received 2 July 2016 Received in revised form 1 February 2017 Accepted 4 August 2017 Available online 23 November 2017 Current wastewater pre-treatment plant system handling FOG consumes high energy and time. This study aims to introduce a new FOG wastewater pre-treatment by immobilizing the FOG in a calcium alginate gel beads. Using Design-Expert software, Response surface methodology (RSM) based on face centred central composite design (FCCCD) was used to optimize two important variables; pH of FOG and concentration of sodium alginate whereas the oil entrapment efficiency (OEE) was used as a response. The mixtures of synthetic FOG wastewater and sodium alginate were dropped in calcium chloride solution in droplets form to produce gel beads. The optimum combination for having highest OEE percentage at 87.27% was found to be at pH 4.7 and 10000 ppm concentration of sodium alginate. Moreover, coating the gel beads with chitosan has reduced the FOG loss during mechanical expression from 23.73 % to 12.58 %. The gel beads were dissolved completely in phosphate buffer solution of pH 5, 8 and 9. This technique can be applied for easier FOG removal, for it has high OEE percentage and the final gel is also biodegradable.
Youths' Experiences of School Re-Integration Following Psychiatric Hospitalization.

Objective The purpose of this study was to report youths' experiences of school re-integration post-discharge from psychiatric hospital. No reports of school reintegration from the patient perspective could be located; hence, a second objective was to explore school-related and clinical factors associated with youth who reported an unfavourable school re-integration experiences. Methods Patients were recruited while in hospital for acute psychiatric care. They provided informed consent to be contacted post discharge regarding their perceptions of their school reintegration experience. About ten weeks after discharge youth were surveyed via telephone (n=40) or online (n=22) surveys. Results Of the 121 youth who agreed to be contacted after discharge, 62 youth completed the post-discharge survey. Almost half (n=29) of the youth reported that they had considerable difficulty with school reintegration. Youth reported managing social situations, academic pressures and emotions as substantial problems. Youth who reported a negative transition experience had significantly worse scores on self-reported Total and emotion subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, and concern about the impact of emotions on school re-entry, and significantly less psychiatrist-reported improvement than youth who reported a neutral or positive transition experience. There were no differences between the two groups on school-related variables. Youth with prior admission reported greater difficulties with peers and significantly worse clinical factors than youth without prior admissions. Conclusions High emotional difficulty scores and concern about the impact of emotions on reintegration prior to discharge distinguished youths with negative school reintegration experiences. These patients may benefit from greater assistance with managing their emotional problems, and coping and social skills training before and during school reintegration.
RAT Selection in 3GPP-Based Cellular Heterogeneous Networks: From Theory to Practical Implementation

This paper develops common radio resource management (CRRM) concepts, which allow exploiting trunking gains of heterogeneous cellular 3GPP-based networks through smart radio access technology selection mechanisms. The presented framework covers the complete development cycle: firstly the theoretical conception of the algorithmic solution also supported by means of an analytical approach, secondly the performance assessment and finally, the algorithm implementation definition on real systems.
Health Risk from the Use of Roof-Harvested Rainwater in Southeast Queensland, Australia, as Potable or Nonpotable Water, Determined Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

ABSTRACT A total of 214 rainwater samples from 82 tanks were collected in urban Southeast Queensland (SEQ) in Australia and analyzed for the presence and numbers of zoonotic bacterial and protozoal pathogens using binary PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) analysis was used to quantify the risk of infection associated with the exposure to potential pathogens from roof-harvested rainwater used as potable or nonpotable water. Of the 214 samples tested, 10.7%, 9.8%, 5.6%, and 0.4% were positive for the Salmonella invA, Giardia lamblia β-giardin, Legionella pneumophila mip, and Campylobacter jejuni mapA genes, respectively. Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein (COWP) could not be detected. The estimated numbers of Salmonella, G. lamblia, and L. pneumophila organisms ranged from 6.5 × 101 to 3.8 × 102 cells, 0.6 × 10° to 3.6 × 10° cysts, and 6.0 × 101 to 1.7 × 102 cells per 1,000 ml of water, respectively. Six risk scenarios were considered for exposure to Salmonella spp. , G. lamblia, and L. pneumophila. For Salmonella spp. and G. lamblia, these scenarios were (i) liquid ingestion due to drinking of rainwater on a daily basis, (ii) accidental liquid ingestion due to hosing twice a week, (iii) aerosol ingestion due to showering on a daily basis, and (iv) aerosol ingestion due to hosing twice a week. For L. pneumophila, these scenarios were (i) aerosol inhalation due to showering on a daily basis and (ii) aerosol inhalation due to hosing twice a week. The risk of infection from Salmonella spp. , G. lamblia, and L. pneumophila associated with the use of rainwater for showering and garden hosing was calculated to be well below the threshold value of one extra infection per 10,000 persons per year in urban SEQ. However, the risk of infection from ingesting Salmonella spp. and G. lamblia via drinking exceeded this threshold value and indicated that if undisinfected rainwater is ingested by drinking, then the incidences of the gastrointestinal diseases salmonellosis and giardiasis are expected to range from 9.8 × 10° to 5.4 × 101 (with a mean of 1.2 × 101 from Monte Carlo analysis) and from 1.0 × 101 to 6.5 × 101 cases (with a mean of 1.6 × 101 from Monte Carlo analysis) per 10,000 persons per year, respectively, in urban SEQ. Since this health risk seems higher than that expected from the reported incidences of gastroenteritis, the assumptions used to estimate these infection risks are critically examined. Nonetheless, it would seem prudent to disinfect rainwater for use as potable water.
2 Device Simulation

Numerical simulation (including TCAD) tools were heavily used during DOTSEVEN, aiding the device design and optimization during process development and the physical understanding of the HBT operation so as to support compact modeling. In addition, based on earlier work during DOTFIVE on exploring the physical limitations of SiGe HBTs [Sch11], various numerical simulation tools were used to create the first comprehensive and detailed roadmap in cooperation with the radio-frequency/analog mixedsignal committee of the International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (ITRS)1 consortium in 2014. The flowchart displayed in Figure 2.1 for finding the vertical and lateral HBT structure of a major ITRS technology node is an example for the large variety of simulation tools that were
Towards enhanced video access and recommendation through emotions

In this work we discuss an emotional classification of videos based on users physiological signals and video low-level processing. This kind of automatic user classification has the potential to increase the naturalness of interaction. Everyday the number of online videos and films is increasingly available. The emotional dimensions of videos require specific tools to enable video access and search through emotions. We will discuss video classification based on emotions and how user physiological signal from users can contribute to automatically classify videos and enhance a recommendation system based in emotions.
N-acetylcysteine potentiates doxorubicin-induced ATM and p53 activation in ovarian cancer cells

Doxorubicin has been used clinically to treat various types of cancer, and yet the mode of actions of doxorubicin remains to be fully unraveled and the cell signaling pathways to be uncovered. In this study, we investigated the effect of doxorubicin on cultured ovarian cancer cells (CaOV3). MTT assay data showed that doxorubicin inhibits cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner. Phagokinetic cell motility assay data indicated that doxorubicin inhibits both basal level and EGF‐induced cell migration in CaOV3 cells. Confocal microscopic data revealed that doxorubicin induces reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins including actin, tubulin and vimentin. Western blot analysis showed that doxorubicin induces phosphorylation of p53 at ser 15 and 20, acetylation of p53, and ATM activation. Doxorubicin also induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX at ser 139. Interestingly, Doxorubicin inhibits mTOR activity, measured by phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein. Contrary to the previous report on other cells, pretreatment of CaOV3 cells with antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine or NAC but not PDTC potentiates doxorubicin‐induced phosphorylation of p53. Collectively, we conclude that doxorubicin induces ATM/p53 activation leading to reorganization of cytoskeletal networks, inhibition of mTOR activity, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Our data also suggest that removal of oxidants may enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin in vivo.
Histological evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by long‐term administration of chlormadinone acetate (CMA)

Although the clinical effects of attempted nonsurgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have been well documented, detailed histological evaluation of the effects of treatment appears to be limited. The effect of long‐term administration of an antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated with histological comparison of two biopsy specimens, one before treatment and one after treatment. Secretory epithelium showed obvious regressive changes with occasional basal cell prominence after CMA treatment. Stromal elements, however, did not show any marked changes, except for occasional edematous loosening. Scores of multiple epithelial parameters tended to be correlated with clinical improvement in urinary obstructive symptoms, especially in patients with predominant glandular hyperplasia. These results suggest that long‐term administration of the potent antiandrogen CMA to inhibit dihydrotestosterone‐receptor binding might be a useful therapeutic maneuver in patients with glandular hyperplasia, without any deterioration of the stromal component. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Designing a commutative replicated data type

Commuting operations greatly simplify consistency in distributed systems. This paper focuses on designing for commutativity, a topic neglected previously. We show that the replicas of any data type for which concurrent operations commute converges to a correct value, under some simple and standard assumptions. We also show that such a data type supports transactions with very low cost. We identify a number of approaches and techniques to ensure commutativity. We re-use some existing ideas (non-destructive updates coupled with invariant identification), but propose a much more efficient implementation. Furthermore, we propose a new technique, background consensus. We illustrate these ideas with a shared edit buffer data type.
FISH A PCR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CHICKENS BY FISH AND PCR ANALYSIS

The aim of the present study was a rapid detection and identification of Lactobacillus sp. in gastrointestinal tract of chickens by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. As a biological mate ri l broiler chickens Hybro were used. They were fattening by the combined probiotic prepa ation (1 and 2 experimental group) for elimination of pathogens and better utilization f feed. The 100 % of isolated strains covered Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus . For quantification of bacterial count was used FISH method. The statistic al evaluation showed significant differences (P≤0.001) between control group and first experimental group in the number of Lactobacillus sp. counts. The same differences were found between co ntrol group and second experimental group. In the number of Lactobacillus sp. counts were found statistical significant differences (P ≤0.05) between first and second experimental group.
Socio-cultural differences in the self-descriptions of two groups of Azerbaijanian students learning in the Russian and Azerbaijani languages

Background: The dimension of individualism-collectivism is regarded as one of the most important cultural factors that influence a person’s self-consciousness, and help shape his/her sense of self as independent or interdependent. Moreover, studies support the conclusion that the salience of both tendencies may vary not only within a single national culture (depending on the place of residence, language environment, etc.), but also on the level of the individual self (depending on the current situation). In our research we have assumed that the language environment (receiving education in one’s native or a foreign language) acts as a socio-cultural factor affecting the self-concept of students of the same nationality–more specifically, the intensity of their individualistic and collectivistic characteristics. Objective: Finding socio-cultural differences in self-image between two groups of Azerbaijanian students (learning in Russian and Azerbaijanian, respectively). Design: The sample included one hundred students from Baku colleges and universities equally divided into two groups. Participants in the first group were studying in Azerbaijani while those in the second group were learning in Russian. We collected data in the form of open-ended self-descriptions. We examined these texts using contentanalysis procedures. Then we calculated correlations between certain defined characteristics for each group. Results: The self-descriptions produced by students learning in Azerbaijanian contained the following features: norm compliance as a significant factor in emotional wellbeing; self-criticism related to negative feelings and expectation of outside criticism; the prevalence of self-justification and bravado as basic forms of psychological defense, combined with the lack of self-enhancement; and focus on society and interpersonal relations affecting the respondents’ inner feelings. The second group’s (those learning in Russian) self-descriptions featured positive self-esteem as an important component of emotional well-being. Self-criticism was not associated with negative feelings and oth-