Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clima y violencia escolar. Un estudio comparativo entre España y Francia

School climate and violence. A comparative study between Spain and France Among the present world concerns is the distress related to the observable fact of school violence, which leads to unease in society (CIS, 2002). However, the actual dimension of this phenomenon in each of the European countries and the similarities and differences between them are not yet known. In this respect, the European Observatory on School Violence relies on both a research network and the public adminis- tration staff; the development in the understanding of school violence is found among its objectives. This article describes one of the first research projects developed in the context of the European Observatory on School Violence, with the same methodology and instruments, aiming to compare the school climate and violence in secondary educa- tion establishments in two different European countries, namely, a sample of school- children from two southern regions of Spain and France.
Validity and reliability related to the Persian version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire

Considering insomnia as a common health issue, it is essential to access valid assessment tools for sleep evaluations and research in all societies. For this purpose, we aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural validation and psychometric properties of the Persian version related to the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire “CSHQ” in Iranian children. This study was conducted on 300 parents of primary school children aged 7–12 years in Kashan city. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficient was also applied to examine the convergence and divergence validity. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.80 for the entire questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between the results from CSHQ and Bear’s. The range of convergence validity was 0.4 to 0.86. The range of divergence validity was 0.006 to 0.66. Factor analysis showed that eight factors had the special value (with eigenvalue > 1), which means that the 33 questions are summarized in eight dimensions. Our findings imply good reliability and validity of the CSHQ in the Iranian society.
Photochemistry of Methoxyhydroquinone and Methoxy-p-benzoquinone in Solution Related to the Photoyellowing of the Lignocellulosics¶

Abstract The photoreactivity of methoxy-p-benzoquinone (MQ) and methoxyhydroquinone (MHQ) in dilute solution (10−4–10−3 M) was studied using continuous irradiation and laser flash photolysis (LFP). The quinone irradiated in degassed tetrahydrofuran (THF) gives MHQ and an adduct with the solvent. Only the formation of hydroquinone is observed in ethanol, and hydroxylation is evidenced in water, whereas the compound is stable in CCl4. The bis-quinone, 4,4′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,5,2′,5′-bisquinone, and the dibenzofurane-quinone, 8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxydibenzofuran-1,4-quinone, are formed in the presence of MHQ, whereas the reactivity is low with ethylconiferyl alcohol. When MHQ is irradiated selectively in degassed THF, the formation of MQ and of the bis-hydroquinone, 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,5,2′,5′-tetrahydroxybiphenyl, are observed. The dimer is oxidized photochemically or thermally into the mono- or bis-quinones, the process being accelerated in alkaline medium. The formation of the dimers is strongly favored by the contiguous presence of quinone and hydroquinone. When MHQ is selectively irradiated in the presence of trans-ethylconiferaldehyde (EtC), quinone formation and isomerization of EtC are observed. LFP experiments, performed with a selective excitation of MQ, indicate that the triplet state of the quinone is strongly quenched by MHQ to conduce to a semiquinone radical. The interaction between 3MQ* and MQ is mainly driven by an electron transfer process according to the similar value of the quenching rate constant found with another electron donor compound such as 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. By contrast, no strong quenching of 3EtC* by MHQ was observed. It is proposed that the photochemistry of the couple MQ/MHQ is governed by the formation of encounter complex between either 3MQ* and MHQ or 3MHQ* and MQ. Consequently, the fast part of the photoyellowing of lignocellulosics does not appear to involve the couple MHQ/MQ or MHQ/etherified coniferaldehyde, but more likely a combination of oxidation of the hydroquinone by ground-state oxygen and photohydration of the formed quinone from its triplet state, giving inter-alia more colored o-quinonoid type molecules.
Perceptions of Culture in Multicultural Space

The present research tests the hypothesis that the copresence of images from two seemingly distinctive cultures (Chinese and American) in the same space increases individuals' sensitivity to the psychological characteristics of the in-group culture and the tendency to use culture as a schema to organize perceptions. The authors contend that viewing images from Chinese and U.S. cultures simultaneously evokes a culture mind-set. As a consequence, individuals (from both China and the United States) tend to enlarge the perceived incompatibility between Chinese and U.S. cultures and expect members of the in-group culture to possess culture-typical psychological attributes. In two experiments, one conducted in Beijing, China, and one in the United States, supportive evidence is found for this contention.
IS BEAUTIFUL ALWAYS GOOD? IMPLICIT BENEFITS OF FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS

Abstract A theme that emerges in life is that it is advantageous to be good looking. Corroborating this observation, an expansive literature has documented the benefits of facial attractiveness on a range of explicit measures. What is not yet known, however, is whether this association between beauty and positivity also exerts an implicit influence on people's responses. That is, does the “beautiful is good” stereotype operate when attention is not explicitly directed to a person's appearance? Using a modified Stroop task, we explored this issue in the current investigation. The results revealed that facial stereotypes do indeed exert an automatic influence on people's responses, an effect that is elicited by targets of either sex and displayed by both male and female respondents. In addition, female faces elicited positive evaluative responses (i.e., female–positivity effect). We consider the implications of these findings for issues in person perception.
Effects of Genetic Mutations and Chemical Exposures on Caenorhabditis elegans Feeding: Evaluation of a Novel, High-Throughput Screening Assay

Background Government agencies have defined a need to reduce, refine or replace current mammalian-based bioassays with testing methods that use alternative species. Invertebrate species, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, provide an attractive option because of their short life cycles, inexpensive maintenance, and high degree of evolutionary conservation with higher eukaryotes. The C. elegans pharynx is a favorable model for studying neuromuscular function, and the effects of chemicals on neuromuscular activity, i.e., feeding. Current feeding methodologies, however, are labor intensive and only semi-quantitative. Methodology/Principal Findings Here a high-throughput assay is described that uses flow cytometry to measure C. elegans feeding by determining the size and intestinal fluorescence of hundreds of nematodes after exposure to fluorescent-labeled microspheres. This assay was validated by quantifying fluorescence in feeding-defective C. elegans (eat mutants), and by exposing wild-type nematodes to the neuroactive compounds, serotonin and arecoline. The eat mutations previously determined to cause slow pumping rates exhibited the lowest feeding levels with our assay. Concentration-dependent increases in feeding levels after serotonin exposures were dependent on food availability, while feeding levels decreased in arecoline-exposed nematodes regardless of the presence of food. The effects of the environmental contaminants, cadmium chloride and chlorpyrifos, on wild-type C. elegans feeding were then used to demonstrate an application of the feeding assay. Cadmium exposures above 200 µM led to a sharp drop in feeding levels. Feeding of chlorpyrifos-exposed nematodes decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC50 of 2 µM. Conclusions/Significance The C. elegans fluorescence microsphere feeding assay is a rapid, reliable method for the assessment of neurotoxic effects of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals or environmental agents. This assay may also be applicable to large scale genetic or RNAi screens used to identify genes that are necessary for the development or function of the pharynx or other neuromuscular systems.
Evaluating Collaboration for Effectiveness

Although collaboration is recognized as an effective means to address multifaceted community issues, successful collaboration is difficult to achieve and failure is prevalent. To effectively collaborate, collaborators must recognize the strengths and weaknesses within their own efforts. Using Mattessich and colleagues’ work as a springboard, a seven-factor model of effective collaboration is presented along with an accompanying evaluation tool, the Collaboration Assessment Tool (CAT). Confirmatory factor analysis of the CAT validated the proposed model with all seven collaboration factors demonstrating strong internal consistency. Concurrent validity was established through expected positive intercorrelations between the factors as well as strong positive correlations with the perceived success of collaborative efforts. As evaluators are increasingly asked to evaluate collaborations and coalitions, this conceptual model and tool can provide evaluators with a grounded, reliable, and valid assessment instrument to work with clients to build collaborative efforts in an intentional, comprehensive, and effective manner.
Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt

We compare the vowel systems of Finnish, Mongolian (in China) and Udmurt, and illustrate the average placements of their monophthongal vowel types on F1/F2 plots. Mongolian has more vowel phonemes (12 long and 12 short ones) than Finnish (eight long and eight short) and Udmurt (seven). Some basic linguistic characteristics and key word lists of the three languages are presented. For comparison we utilise psychoacoustical F1/F2 formant charts which are fairly good approximations to the vowel space. The phoneme distances are indicated by means of circles of 1 Bark diameter centered on the mean F1/F2 points of the vowel types. This kind of representation allows one to draw conclusions about qualitative vicinity, partial overlapping or even merging of phoneme qualities on F1/F2 plots and about the necessity of further acoustic parameters for vowel differentiation. We also discuss some centralisation phenomena in the three languages.
The interplay between DNA damage response and RNA processing: the unexpected role of splicing factors as gatekeepers of genome stability

Genome integrity is constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous factors. However, its preservation is ensured by a network of pathways that prevent and/or repair the lesion, which constitute the DNA damage response (DDR). Expression of the key proteins involved in the DDR is controlled by numerous post-transcriptional mechanisms, among which pre-mRNA splicing stands out. Intriguingly, several splicing factors (SFs) have been recently shown to play direct functions in DNA damage prevention and repair, which go beyond their expected splicing activity. At the same time, evidence is emerging that DNA repair proteins (DRPs) can actively sustain the DDR by acting as post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression, in addition to their well-known role in the mechanisms of signaling and repair of the lesion. Herein, we will review these non-canonical functions of both SFs and DRPs, which suggest the existence of a tight interplay between splicing regulation and canonical DNA safeguard mechanisms ensuring genome stability.
Finite Element Synthesis of Diphthongs Using Tuned Two-Dimensional Vocal Tracts

Three-dimensional (3-D) vocal tract acoustic modeling has the potential to generate high quality and natural voice sounds, but at the price of a large computational cost. Alternatively, 2-D models based on tuned vocal tracts have shown to provide similar results to the 3-D ones but with less computational demands. However, they are currently limited to the synthesis of static vowel sounds. In this paper, the tuned 2-D approach is extended by considering moving vocal tracts to generate dynamic vowel sounds, like diphthongs. Four tuning steps are followed to build a dynamic 2-D vocal tract model that can recover, to a large extent, the formant locations, bandwidths, and energies of a 3-D vocal tract with circular cross section, set in a spherical baffle representing the human head. Acoustic waves propagating through the time evolving vocal tract and radiating to free-field are simulated using the finite element method in the time-domain. As examples, the diphthongs [<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math> </inline-formula>i] and [<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>u] have been generated using the tuning approach and compared, by means of objective and subjective evaluations, to those resulting from 3-D and conventional 2-D simulations.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Separation/Divorce Process

This research employs a longitudinal design to re-examine the linkage between psychological well-being and marital status. Results indicate that positing a causal relationship between psychological measures and marital status may be an oversimplification. When male respondents were followed through the separation/divorce process, it was found that their attitudes did not change substantially. Their well-being scores before, during, and after separation/divorce were, however, consistently lower than those of the stably married control group. This relationship was independent of whether the respondents were experiencing afirst, second, or subsequent marriage or separation/divorce. These results suggest that there needs to be further investigation into the possibility that separation/divorce is more likely to occur to men with low psychological well-being attitudes. Researchers cannot simply assume that the lower well-being scores of the separated/divorced are totally due to the separation/divorce process or the separated/divorced marital status.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Title On Water Flow in Hot Fractured Rock-- A Sensitivity Study on the Impact of Fracture-Matrix Heat Transfer Permalink

Dual-continuum models have been widely used in modeling flow and transport in fractured porous rocks. Among many other applications, dual-continuum approaches were utilized in predictive models of the thermal-hydrological conditions near emplacement tunnels (drifts) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site for a radioactive waste repository in the U.S. In unsaturated formations such as those at Yucca Mountain, the magnitude of mass and heat exchange between the two continua—fracture network and matrix—is largely dependent on the flow characteristics in the fractures, because channelized finger-type flow strongly reduces the interface area between the matrix surfaces and the flowing liquid. This effect may have important implications, for example, during the time period that the fractured rock near the repository drifts would be heated above the boiling point of water. Depending on the magnitude of heat transfer from the matrix, water percolating down the fractures will either boil off in the hot rock region above drifts or may penetrate all the way to the drift walls and possibly seep into the open cavities. In this paper, we describe a sensitivity analysis using a variety of approaches to treat fracture-matrix interaction in a three-dimensional dual-continuum setting. Our simulation example is a laboratory heater experiment described in the literature that provides evidence of rapid water flow in fractures, leading to drift seepage despite above-boiling conditions in the adjacent fractured rock. The experimental finding can only be reproduced when the interface area for heat transfer between the matrix and fracture continua is reduced to account for flow channeling.
Comparison of Self-Reported Recycling Attitudes and Behaviors with Actual Behavior

This study was designed to investigate the congruence of 102 college students' self-reported paper-recycling behaviors and attitudes with actual behavior. The hypothesis that college students would report positive attitudes toward paper recycling and associated behaviors in a survey was supported. Unobtrusive observation, however, indicated that self-reports did not predict actual paper recycling for most respondents. Only 14 students who had previously reported prorecycling attitudes and behaviors were observed to recycle. The implications of the results for research on college students' recycling and conservation behavior are discussed.
Competing Explanations for Bureaucratic Preferences

This study defines and compares three broad theories that seek to explain bureaucratic preferences. I first argue that each of these explanations is complex — that no single measurable attribute encapsulates the entire theory. Second, I argue that these explanations are non-nested — that at least one attribute representing a given theory cannot be expressed as resulting from attributes that represent one of the other theories. Based on the theory of comparisons of non-nested models, I assess these three competing explanations with the Likelihood Dominance Criterion, an approach for assessing the total explanatory power of a given theory relative to that offered by other theories. The comparisons take place in the context of the bureaucratic implementation of policies governing the remediation of hazardous waste at the state level in the United States. The comparisons show that bureaucratic preferences are best explained by the organizational capacity and constraints explanation rather than more proximate political and task environment theories. In total, the agency's rules, capacity, and characteristics form a better total explanation of the observed variance in bureaucratic preferences than either proximate state politics or the agency's task environment.
What is an object?

We present a generic objectness measure, quantifying how likely it is for an image window to contain an object of any class. We explicitly train it to distinguish objects with a well-defined boundary in space, such as cows and telephones, from amorphous background elements, such as grass and road. The measure combines in a Bayesian framework several image cues measuring characteristics of objects, such as appearing different from their surroundings and having a closed boundary. This includes an innovative cue measuring the closed boundary characteristic. In experiments on the challenging PASCAL VOC 07 dataset, we show this new cue to outperform a state-of-the-art saliency measure [17], and the combined measure to perform better than any cue alone. Finally, we show how to sample windows from an image according to their objectness distribution and give an algorithm to employ them as location priors for modern class-specific object detectors. In experiments on PASCAL VOC 07 we show this greatly reduces the number of windows evaluated by class-specific object detectors.
The Good Student Game

Her research interests include effective in_structional practices for diverse classroom. professional oollaborr tion. and positive behavioral support. G2yIe J. Lnzm PhD, is a postdoctoral felloa aith the Juniper Gardens Childr~en's Project at the - Her current research interem are incennennon development- early childhood assessment, and emergent liœracy, Debra AL Kamps, PhD. is a senior scientist with the Juniper Gardens Children's Project. Her research interests include positive behavor wppom effective instruction. peer tutoring, and emotionaVbeh2vior-al disorders/autism. Address: -Mlison E. Baby2k. The Good Student Game is an effective classroom management tool appropriate for meeting the diverse needs of today's classroom teachers. Based on empirically validated procedures, such as the Good Behavior Game and self-monitoring strategies, the Good Student Game is an easy-to-implement intervention designed to help elementary students stay on task. This article provides a description of the game, recommendations for playing the game, and results from three classrooms demonstrating the effectiveness of the game. Suggestions stress the importance of teaching students to identify and evaluate good student behaviors, as well as the need for teachers to provide students with supportive feedback.
Modeling of GaN MESFETs at high temperature

The ability of Gallium Nitride (GaN) MESFET to operate over a wide temperature range requires accurate models to simulate the temperature dependence of various device parameters. In this paper, a new temperature dependent analytical model for the threshold voltage of GaN MESFETs is introduced. The contributions from various temperature dependent material parameters are taken into account in order to develop an accurate I–V model along with the effect of gate leakage current on the threshold voltage of the device. The model is further extended to predict the temperature dependence of transconductance. The model shows excellent agreement with the published experimental results for a 0. 25µm device.
Quantitative methods in cross‐national management research: Trends and equivalence issues

Cross-national management articles published in 24 major management-related journals from 1981 to 1987 are reviewed. The methods used in the quantitative articles are categorized according to the characteristics of the research sites, data, and analytical methods. The review indicates increasing methodological sensitivity, complexity, and sophistication as compared to that found in earlier reviews. Improvement in the field could occur through improved understanding of the inherent limitations in cross-cultural equivalence and through increased attention to qualitative analysis as a means to handle the ‘etic-emic’ dilemma.
A new algorithm of image edge detection and its application

On the basis of grey level nonlinear transformation and stepwise ratio, a new method of image edge detection is put forward. First, in order to avoid insignificance of stepwise ratio when the value of grey level is zero, the grey level nonlinear transformation is done against the grey level of original image. Moreover, the stepwise ratios are solved between the middle pix and others in 3times3 plate and the two thresholds are given. The edges of image can be detected by means of the comparative results between the stepwise ratios and the thresholds, and the image edges can be detected from eight directions by means of this method. At last, the corresponding simulation experiment is implemented and its ability of edge detection is tested. Compared with other methods, the result shows that this algorithm can make the character segmented from the background distinctly, effectively approve the speed and accuracy of vehicle license plate recognition.