Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Convolutionally Coded Transmission over Markov-Gaussian Channels: Analysis and Decoding Metrics

It has been widely acknowledged that the aggregate interference at the receiver for various practical communication channels can often deviate markedly from the classical additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) assumption due to various ambient phenomena. Moreover, the physical nature of the underlying interference generating process in such cases can lead to a bursty behaviour of the interfering signal, implying that it is highly likely that consecutive symbols are affected by similar noise levels. In this paper, we devise and analyze detection techniques, in conjunction with a convolution code, for such interference channels that possess non-negligible memory by considering optimum and sub-optimum decoding metrics. In particular the inherent memory in the noise process is modeled as a first-order Markov chain, whose state selects the variance of the instantaneous Gaussian noise, leading to a Markov-Gaussian channel model. Analytical expressions are obtained for the cut-off rate, which is an ensemble code parameter, and the bit error rate for a convolutionally coded system, that are subsequently employed for an extensive evaluation of the various metrics considered. Furthermore, the interleaving depth is considered as a design parameter and its effect on performance is analyzed over a range of noise scenarios.
Importance of rapid testing to combat the global threat of bird flu

Adam Meijer European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS), Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands; Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute of Public Health & The Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands Tel. : +31 30 272 9857; Tel. : +31 30 274 3595 Fax: +31 30 272 9729; Fax: +31 30 274 4418 a.meijer@nivel.nl; adam.meijer@rivm.nl Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 6(1), 1–4 (2006)
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress the Level of Emotion Control, Anxiety, and Self- Efficacy in the Elderly in Bialystok, Poland

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the level of emotion control, anxiety, and self-efficacy in the inhabitants of Bialystok (Poland) aged above 60. Patients and methods: The study included 300 people above the age of 60, inhabitants of Bialystok and its neighborhoods: 100 residents of public nursing home, 100 participants of the University of the Third Age in Bialystok, and 100 students of the University of Healthy Senior. The three standardized psychometric scales were used in the study: Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results: The median of the overall score of CECS equaled 54 points, which is considered average in terms of negative emotions acceptance. The mean score of perceiving anxiety as the condition of STAI (X1) was 48 points, while anxiety as a trait of STAI (X2) was 49 points. The overall score for GSES proved that respondents had a subjective feeling of self-efficacy at the level of 29 points out of 40 points possible, which means that their self-efficacy was rather at the high level in their self-assessment. In women, a negative correlation was revealed between the sense of self-efficacy and age (r=-0.320, P,0.001). Analyzing the study group affiliation of respondents, a negative correlation was reported between the sense of self-efficacy and age among the elderly residents of public nursing home (r=-0.408, P,0.001). Taking into consideration the study group affiliation of respondents, a positive correlation between anger control (CECS) and the sense of anxiety as a trait of STAI (X2) was found among participants of the University of Healthy Senior (r=0.307, P=0.002). Conclusion: The social and demographic features (gender, group affiliation, age) analyzed in the study were found to be correlated significantly with the control of negative emotions, the level of anxiety, and self-efficacy. The study group affiliation was a key variable conditioning the relations between the analyzed features. The elderly residents of public nursing home belonged to the group distinguishing negatively compared to other two study groups. The study respondents were characterized by the relatively high perception of anxiety, which may be as a result of the health and social problem present …
Unified network model for adsorption–desorption in systems with hysteresis

network model for diffusion based on pore blocking theory with percolation in the ) network added by effectie medium approximation is further improed. A new predic- tie model based on properties of the Bethe lattices is proposed to account for the existence of liquid-filled '' blind''pores that result in a decrease in the total diffusion rate. () For desorption, a new '' shell and core'' or shrinking core representation of the network model is proposed. Information from adsorption) desorption equilibria is needed to compute the thickness of the shell in which desorptionreaporation occurs for concen- trations higher than the percolation threshold. These models form a unified equilibrium-kinetics theory for gas-porous solid systems that exhibit hysteresis. The mod- els are applied to the systems silica gel-waterapor and Vycor glass-nitrogen. Concen- tration-dependent Fickian diffusiities for these systems hae been measured for both adsorption and desorption branches. The adsorption model successfully predicts the experimental data with a maximum in diffusiity. The desorption model correctly pre- dicts the concentration dependence of diffusiity with a steep minimum at the percola- tion threshold.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of a Nanofluid Containing Motile Gyrotactic Micro-Organisms Passing a Nonlinear Stretching Vertical Sheet in the Presence of a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field; Numerical Approach

The behavior of a water-based nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic micro-organisms passing an isothermal nonlinear stretching sheet in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field is studied numerically. The governing partial differential equations including continuity, momentums, energy, concentration of the nanoparticles, and density of motile micro-organisms are converted into a system of the ordinary differential equations via a set of similarity transformations. New set of equations are discretized using the finite difference method and have been linearized by employing the Newton’s linearization technique. The tri-diagonal system of algebraic equations from discretization is solved using the well-known Thomas algorithm. The numerical results for profiles of velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration and density of motile micro-organisms as well as the local skin friction coefficient Cfx, the local Nusselt number Nux, the local Sherwood number Shx and the local density number of the motile microorganism Nnx are expressed graphically and described in detail. This investigation shows the density number of the motile micro-organisms enhances with rise of M, Gr/Re2, Pe and Ω but it decreases with augment of Rb and n. Also, Sherwood number augments with an increase of M and Gr/Re2, while decreases with n, Rb, Nb and Nr. To show the validity of the current results, a comparison between the present results and the existing literature has been carried out.
Approaches for the repair of VLSI/WSI RRAMs by row/column deletion

The authors present two approaches for the repair of large random access memory (RAM) in which redundant rows and columns have been added as spares. These devices, referred to as redundant RAMs, are repaired to achieve acceptable yields at production time. The first approach, namely, the faulty-line-covering technique, is a refinement of the fault-driven approach. This approach finds the optimal repair-solution within a smaller number of iterations than the fault-driven algorithm. Simulation results show that the faulty-line-covering technique will execute much faster under all fault distributions. The second approach uses a heuristic criterion in the generation of the repair-solution. This heuristic criterion permits a very fast repair. The criterion is based on the calculation of efficient coefficients for the rows and columns of the memory. Two techniques for coefficient selection are proposed. <<ETX>>
Wilms Tumor Treatment Outcomes: Perspectives From a Low-Income Setting

Purpose Wilms tumor is the commonest renal malignancy in childhood. Survival in high-income countries is approximately 90%, whereas in low-income countries, it is less than 50%. This study assessed treatment outcomes of patients with Wilms tumor at a Kenyan academic hospital. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective medical record review of all children diagnosed with Wilms tumor between 2010 and 2012. Data on treatment outcomes and various sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Results Of the 39 patients with Wilms tumor, 41% had event-free survival, 31% abandoned treatment, 23% died, and 5% had progressive or relapsed disease. Most patients presented at an advanced stage: stage I (0%), II (7%), III (43%), IV (40%), or V (10%). The most likely treatment outcome in patients with low-stage (I to III) disease was event-free survival (67%), whereas in those with high-stage (IV to V) disease, it was death (40%). No deaths or instances of progressive or relapsed disease were recorded among patients with low-stage disease; their only reason for treatment failure was abandonment of treatment. Stage of disease significantly affected treatment outcomes (P = .014) and event-free survival estimates (P < .001). Age at diagnosis, sex, duration of symptoms, distance to hospital, and health insurance status did not statistically significantly influence treatment outcomes or event-free survival estimates. Conclusion Survival of patients with Wilms tumor in Kenya is lower compared with that in high-income countries. Treatment abandonment is the most common cause of treatment failure. Stage of disease at diagnosis statistically significantly affects treatment outcomes and survival.
Cell-Cell Fusion Induced by the Avian Reovirus Membrane Fusion Protein Is Regulated by Protein Degradation

ABSTRACT The p10 fusion-associated small transmembrane protein of avian reovirus induces extensive syncytium formation in transfected cells. Here we show that p10-induced cell-cell fusion is restricted by rapid degradation of the majority of newly synthesized p10. The small ectodomain of p10 targets the protein for degradation following p10 insertion into an early membrane compartment. Paradoxically, conservative amino acid substitutions in the p10 ectodomain hydrophobic patch that eliminate fusion activity also increase p10 stability. The small amount of p10 that escapes intracellular degradation accumulates at the cell surface in a relatively stable form, where it mediates cell-cell fusion as a late-stage event in the virus replication cycle. The unusual relationship between a nonstructural viral membrane fusion protein and the replication cycle of a nonenveloped virus has apparently contributed to the evolution of a novel mechanism for restricting the extent of virus-induced cell-cell fusion.
Role of Serum Interleukin 6, Albumin and C-Reactive Protein in COPD Patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a non-specific inflammation, which involves the airways, lung parenchyma and pulmonary vessels. The inflammation causes the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6 and tumor necoris factor alpha (TNF-a). The purpose of the present study was to measure serum IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) (as a positive phase reactant) and albumin level (as a negative phase reactant) in COPD patients (only due to cigarette smoking not bio-mass), non COPD smokers and healthy subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); we compared the differences in inflammatory factors among groups. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 males were enrolled in this study and divided into three equal groups. The first group was 60 smokers who had COPD. The second group included 60 smokers without COPD and the third group consisted of people who were not smokers and did not have COPD; 5 mL of venous blood was taken from all participants and it was collected in a test tube containing anticoagulant and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. Serum was separated and used to measure the amount of IL-6, CRP and albumin. Spirometry was performed according to the criteria set by the American Thoracic Society. Results: The mean serum level of IL-6 was 83.2±7.5 pg/mL in group I, 54.9±24.3 pg/mL in group II and 46.9±10.4 pg/mL in group III. There was a significant difference among the three groups (P<0.001). The mean serum level of CRP was 28.9±14.9 mg/dL in the first group, 19.9±8.5 mg/dL in the second group and 4.2±2.3 mg/dL in the third group (P=0.02). But by controlling the confounding effects of age, this difference was not significant (P=0.49). The mean serum level of albumin was I 4.1±0.57 mg/dL in group I, 4.3±0.56 mg/dL in group II and 4.1±0.53 mg/dL in group III. There was no significant difference among the three groups in this regard (P=0.099). There was a significant inverse relationship between serum levels of IL-6 and FEV 1 (r=−0.341, P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant inverse relationship between serum levels of IL-6 and FEV1/FVC (r=−0.309, P<0.001). Serum albumin level was not different among various stages. Level of CRP and IL6 increased as the stage of COPD got worse in smokers. Conclusion: Our study showed that serum level of IL-6 predicts development of COPD in smokers with a high sensitivity among all inflammatory factors namely CRP, IL-6, and albumin.
Repeat abortion and use of primary care health services.

One-third (34%) of 2,001 women who sought an abortion in 1991-1992 in Wichita, Kansas, were repeat-abortion patients. Compared with first-time abortion patients, repeat-abortion patients were significantly older, more often black, and younger at their first pregnancy (p < .001). The two groups did not vary significantly by income or age at first intercourse. However, repeat-abortion patients were significantly more likely than first-time patients to have been using a contraceptive method at the time of conception (65% compared with 59%) and more likely to say they always or almost always used a method (63% and 53%, respectively). More than 40% of women in each group reported they had no personal physician. Further, 34% of repeat-abortion patients said they had no follow-up examination after their previous abortion, and 28% said they received no contraceptive counseling. Only half of women whose pregnancy was confirmed by their personal physician obtained an abortion referral from that physician.
Friendship quality as a predictor of young children's early school adjustment.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for assessing young children's perceptions of classroom friendships and to determine whether these perceptions were associated with their adjustment during the transition to grade school. Subscales tapping 5 friendship processes (e.g., validation, aid, disclosure of negative affect, exclusivity, conflict) were extracted from a 24-item friendship interview that was individually administered to 82 kindergarten children (M age = 5.61) who possessed a reciprocated and stable "best" friend in their classroom. Children's reports of the investigated friendship processes were found to be reliable, and processes such as perceived validation and conflict predicted children's satisfaction with their friendships, and the stability of these relationships. Perceived conflict in friendships was associated with multiple forms of school maladjustment for boys, including higher levels of school loneliness and avoidance and lower levels of school liking and engagement. For both boys and girls, validation and aid forecasted gains in perceived support from classmates, and aid also predicted improvements in children's school attitudes. Perceived exclusivity in friendships was associated with lower levels of achievement. These findings, and others reported in this article, are consistent with the hypothesis that the relational features of children's classroom friendships yield psychological benefits or costs (e.g., provisions) that, in turn, affect their development and adjustment.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PRODUKSI USAHATANI CABAI MERAH KRITING DI DESA BULUPOUNTU JAYA KECAMATAN SIGI BIROMARU KABUPATEN SIGI

This study aimed to determine the effect of land use, fertilizer, seed and labor on the production of curly red chili in Bulupountu Jaya village Sigi Biromaru subdistrict of Sigi Regency. The population in this study was the whole group of 60 farmers who cultivate curly red chili within which a total sample of 37 farmer were selected to represent the population. Data obtained was analyzed using multiple linear analysis. Results of the analysis showed that the independent variables (X) simulataneously affect the production (the dependent variable, Y) significantly. This is showed by the value of the F-count of 63.528 whic is significant at 5% level. The value of the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was 0.969 indicating that 99% of the variation of the curly red chili production (Y) can be explained by such variables as land area (X1), urea (X2), ZA fertilizer (X3), ponska fertilizer (X4) seed (X5), pesticides (X6), and labor, (X7), while the other 1% can be explained other variables not including in the models. Land area, urea fertilizer, ZA fertilizer, ponska fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and labor simultaneously can affect the production of curly red chili farming in Bulupountu Jaya village sigiBiromarusubdistrictsigi Regency. Keywords: Production, Curly red chili, Bulupountu Jaya Village .
Large-Field Visual Motion Directly Induces an Involuntary Rapid Manual Following Response

Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor control. Here, we show an ultra-fast manual motor response directly induced by a large-field visual motion. This rapid response aided reaction when the subject moved his hand in the direction of visual motion, suggesting assistive visually evoked manual control during postural movement. The latency of muscle activity generating this response was as short as that of the ocular following responses to the visual motion. Abrupt visual motion entrained arm movement without affecting perceptual target localization, and the degrees of motion coherence and speed of the visual stimulus modulated this arm response. This visuomotor behavior was still observed when the visual motion was confined to the “follow-through” phase of a hitting movement, in which no target existed. An analysis of the arm movements suggests that the hitting follow through made by the subject is not a part of a reaching movement. Moreover, the arm response was systematically modulated by hand bias forces, suggesting that it results from a reflexive control mechanism. We therefore propose that its mechanism is radically distinct from motor control for aimed movements to a target. Rather, in an analogy with reflexive eye movement stabilizing a retinal image, we consider that this mechanism regulates arm movements in parallel with voluntary motor control.
Biological evolution through mutation, selection, and drift: An introductory review

Motivated by present activities in (statistical) physics directed towardsbiological evolution, we review the interplay of three evolutionary forces:mutation, selection, and genetic drift. The review addresses itself tophysicists and intends to bridge the gap between the biological and thephysical literature. We first clarify the terminology and recapitulate thebasic models of population genetics, which describe the evolution of thecomposition of a population under the joint action of the various evolutionaryforces. Building on these foundations, we specify the ingredients explicitly,namely, the various mutation models and fitness landscapes. We then reviewrecent developments concerning models of mutational degradation. These predictupper limits for the mutation rate above which mutation can no longer becontrolled by selection, the most important phenomena being error thresholds,Muller's ratchet, and mutational meltdowns. Error thresholds are deterministicphenomena, whereas Muller's ratchet requires the stochastic component broughtabout by finite population size. Mutational meltdowns additionally rely on anexplicit model of population dynamics, and describe the extinction ofpopulations. Special emphasis is put on the mutual relationship between thesephenomena. Finally, a few connections with the process of molecular evolutionare established.
Reversal effect of intra-central amygdala microinjection of L-arginine on place aversion induced by naloxone in morphine conditioned rats.

BACKGROUND Role of nitric oxide (NO) on expression of morphine conditioning using a solely classic task has been proposed previously. In this work, the involvement of NO on the expression of opioid-induced conditioning in the task paired with an injection of naloxone was investigated. METHODS Conditioning was established in adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. Naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective antagonist of mu-opioid receptor, was administered once prior to morphine response testing. NO agents were administered directly into the central amygdala (CeA) prior to naloxone injection pre-testing. RESULTS Morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a significant dose-dependent place preference in experimental animals. When naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected before testing of morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) response, the antagonist induced a significant aversion. This response was reversed due to injection of L-arginine (0.3-3 microg/rat), intra-CeA prior to naloxone administration. However, pre-injection of L-NAME (intra-CeA), an inhibitor of NO production, blocked this effect. CONCLUSION The finding may reflect that NO in the nucleus participates in morphine plus naloxone interaction.