Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yeast Krr1p Physically and Functionally Interacts with a Novel Essential Kri1p, and Both Proteins Are Required for 40S Ribosome Biogenesis in the Nucleolus

ABSTRACT Using a two-hybrid screening with TOM1, a putative ubiquitin-ligase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated KRR1, a homologue of human HRB2 (for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev-binding protein 2). To characterize the gene function, we constructed temperature-sensitivekrr1 mutants and isolated two multicopy suppressors. One suppressor is RPS14A, encoding a 40S ribosomal protein. The C-terminal-truncated rpS14p, which was reported to have diminished binding activity to 18S rRNA, failed to suppress the krr1mutant. The other suppressor is a novel gene, KRI1 (for KRR1 interacting protein; YNL308c). KRI1 is essential for viability, and Kri1p is localized to the nucleolus. We constructed a galactose-dependent kri1 strain by placing KRI1under control of the GAL1 promoter, so that expression ofKRI1 was shut off when transferring the culture to glucose medium. Polysome and 40S ribosome fractions were severely decreased in the krr1 mutant and Kri1p-depleted cells. Pulse-chase analysis of newly synthesized rRNAs demonstrated that 18S rRNA is not produced in either mutant. However, wild-type levels of 25S rRNA are made in either mutant. Northern analysis revealed that the steady-state levels of 18S rRNA and 20S pre-rRNAs were reduced in both mutants. Precursors for 18S rRNA were detected but probably very unstable in both mutants. A myc-tagged Kri1p coimmunoprecipitated with a hemagglutinin-tagged Krr1p. Furthermore, the krr1 mutant protein was defective in its interaction with Kri1p. These data lead us to conclude that Krr1p physically and functionally interacts with Kri1p to form a complex which is required for 40S ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus.
The Duration of Uncertain Times: Audiovisual Information about Intervals Is Integrated in a Statistically Optimal Fashion

Often multisensory information is integrated in a statistically optimal fashion where each sensory source is weighted according to its precision. This integration scheme is statistically optimal because it theoretically results in unbiased perceptual estimates with the highest precision possible. There is a current lack of consensus about how the nervous system processes multiple sensory cues to elapsed time. In order to shed light upon this, we adopt a computational approach to pinpoint the integration strategy underlying duration estimation of audio/visual stimuli. One of the assumptions of our computational approach is that the multisensory signals redundantly specify the same stimulus property. Our results clearly show that despite claims to the contrary, perceived duration is the result of an optimal weighting process, similar to that adopted for estimates of space. That is, participants weight the audio and visual information to arrive at the most precise, single duration estimate possible. The work also disentangles how different integration strategies – i.e. considering the time of onset/offset of signals - might alter the final estimate. As such we provide the first concrete evidence of an optimal integration strategy in human duration estimates.
CIM-Based Connectivity Model for Bus-Branch Topology Extraction and Exchange

In terms of scope and granularity of data, two kinds of connectivity models are broadly in vogue for representing power network data, namely, node-breaker model and bus-branch model. This paper examines both the connectivity models from the perspective of common information model (CIM). Although CIM is primarily designed for most detailed node-breaker representation, with certain extensions CIM can be leveraged to achieve a standard, interoperable bus-branch model representation and exchange format. To facilitate this, it is proposed to introduce new class called TopologyBranch. By decoupling the connectivity information and the equipment parameter information, a mechanism for efficient exchange of time varying system models with minimum information transfer between the power control centers is described in this paper. The proposed CIM bus-branch connectivity model has wide applications in an interoperable, decentralized, hierarchical structure of control centers. Three illustrative examples including one on a practical 20-substation model of the 400 kV transmission network of Maharasthra state, India, are then presented for demonstrating the benefits.
A multi-terabyte relational database for geo-tagged social network data

Despite their relatively low sampling factor, the freely available, randomly sampled status streams of Twitter are very useful sources of geographically embedded social network data. To statistically analyze the information Twitter provides via these streams, we have collected a year's worth of data and built a multi-terabyte relational database from it. The database is designed for fast data loading and to support a wide range of studies focusing on the statistics and geographic features of social networks, as well as on the linguistic analysis of tweets. In this paper we present the method of data collection, the database design, the data loading procedure and special treatment of geo-tagged and multi-lingual data. We also provide some SQL recipes for computing network statistics.
Psychological Capital and Well-being.

Although important and of undeniable significance, decades of extensive research on mental illness and dysfunctional behavior in psychology, sociology and other foundational behavioral science disciplines have generally ignored or failed to contribute to the better understanding of the role that human strengths, flourishing and optimal functioning have for overall well-being. Similarly, the study of work stress, burnout, conflict, dysfunctional attitudes, counterproductive behaviors and other negative constructs that have preoccupied organizational behavior and human resources management scholars and practitioners have also not necessarily shed additional light on the characteristics of exceptional performers or the dynamic processes that facilitate excellence in the workplace. This realization motivated positive psychologists and positive organizational behavior (POB) scholars to launch new and exciting streams of research that focus on positivity in its own right, rather than simply extrapolating existing mainstream research. This essay focuses on one of these streams of research, namely psychological capital or simply PsyCap. We use this stream of research as an example and illustration of positive research in terms of rigor and relevance. We present conceptual frameworks in which positivity, particularly PsyCap, can promote well-being, both at and beyond the workplace.
Switchable Ferroelectric Diode and Photovoltaic Effect in BiFeO3

Unidirectional electric current flow, such as that found in a diode, is essential for modern electronics. It usually occurs at asymmetric interfaces such as p-n junctions or metal/semiconductor interfaces with Schottky barriers. We report on a diode effect associated with the direction of bulk electric polarization in BiFeO3: a ferroelectric with a small optical gap edge of ∼2.2 electron volts. We found that bulk electric conduction in ferroelectric monodomain BiFeO3 crystals is highly nonlinear and unidirectional. This diode effect switches its direction when the electric polarization is flipped by an external voltage. A substantial visible-light photovoltaic effect is observed in BiFeO3 diode structures. These results should improve understanding of charge conduction mechanisms in leaky ferroelectrics and advance the design of switchable devices combining ferroelectric, electronic, and optical functionalities.
The Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project — A Community-Level, Public Health Initiative to Build Community Disaster Resilience

Public health officials need evidence-based methods for improving community disaster resilience and strategies for measuring results. This methods paper describes how one public health department is addressing this problem. This paper provides a detailed description of the theoretical rationale, intervention design and novel evaluation of the Los Angeles County Community Disaster Resilience Project (LACCDR), a public health program for increasing community disaster resilience. The LACCDR Project utilizes a pretest–posttest method with control group design. Sixteen communities in Los Angeles County were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental community resilience group or the comparison group. Community coalitions in the experimental group receive training from a public health nurse trained in community resilience in a toolkit developed for the project. The toolkit is grounded in theory and uses multiple components to address education, community engagement, community and individual self-sufficiency, and partnerships among community organizations and governmental agencies. The comparison communities receive training in traditional disaster preparedness topics of disaster supplies and emergency communication plans. Outcome indicators include longitudinal changes in inter-organizational linkages among community organizations, community member responses in table-top exercises, and changes in household level community resilience behaviors and attitudes. The LACCDR Project is a significant opportunity and effort to operationalize and meaningfully measure factors and strategies to increase community resilience. This paper is intended to provide public health and academic researchers with new tools to conduct their community resilience programs and evaluation research. Results are not yet available and will be presented in future reports.
On stability of time-inhomogeneous Markov jump linear systems

In this work we present necessary and sufficient conditions for mean square stability (MSS) of discrete-time time-inhomogeneous Markov jump linear systems (MJLS) affected by polytopic uncertainties on transition probabilities. We also prove that deciding MSS on such systems is NP-hard and that MSS is equivalent to exponential mean square stability (EMSS) and to stochastic stability (SS).
Identification and Cultivation of Anaerobic, Syntrophic Long-Chain Fatty Acid-Degrading Microbes from Mesophilic and Thermophilic Methanogenic Sludges

ABSTRACT We investigated long-chain fatty acid (LCFA)-degrading anaerobic microbes by enrichment, isolation, and RNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP). Primary enrichment cultures were made with each of four LCFA substrates (palmitate, stearate, oleate, or linoleate, as the sole energy source) at 55°C or 37°C with two sources of anaerobic granular sludge as the inoculum. After several transfers, we obtained seven stable enrichment cultures in which LCFAs were converted to methane. The bacterial populations in these cultures were then subjected to 16S rRNA gene-based cloning, in situ hybridization, and RNA-SIP. In five of seven enrichment cultures, the predominant bacteria were affiliated with the family Syntrophomonadaceae. The other two enrichment cultures contained different bacterial populations in which the majority of members belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and the class Deltaproteobacteria. After several attempts to isolate these dominant bacteria, strain MPA, belonging to the family Syntrophomonadaceae, and strain TOL, affiliated with the phylum Firmicutes, were successfully isolated. Strain MPA converts palmitate to acetate and methane in syntrophic association with Methanospirillum hungatei. Even though strain TOL assimilated [13C]palmitate in the original enrichment culture, strain TOL has not shown the ability to degrade LCFAs after isolation. These results suggest that microbes involved in the degradation of LCFAs under methanogenic conditions might not belong only to the family Syntrophomonadaceae, as most anaerobic LCFA-degrading microbes do, but may also be found in phylogenetically diverse bacterial groups.
Proposal of an integrative model of adjustment to chronic conditions: An understanding of the process of psychosocial adjustment to living with type 2 diabetes

Psychosocial adjustment to living with a chronic condition was explored in this grounded theory study, focusing on type 2 diabetes. Despite a range of relevant theories, there is limited understanding of the process of adjustment. The study aimed to address this issue. That was achieved through collecting and analysing personal narratives using individual interviews and focus groups. This allowed for the development of a normative integrative model of adjustment to chronic conditions based on biopsychosocial principles. The integrative model of adjustment to chronic condition has the potential to lead to improved understanding of adjustment processes.
Using Student Response Systems to Increase Motivation, Learning, and Knowledge Retention

Advances in technology have transformed both students and their learning environments; the technological environment in which 21st-century learners have grown up means that their aptitudes, expectations, and learning styles are very different from those of their teachers (Oblinger and Oblinger 2005). These students expect that their educators will shift from traditional lecture-based teaching to a pedagogy that creates learning environments where students interact with the material, the instructor, and their peers (Dede 2005; Oblinger and Oblinger 2005). At the same time, instructors must integrate a variety of pedagogical approaches and strategies to create rich learning environments that can address cultural, demographic, and skill-based differences among students (Dunn and Griggs 2000) as well as individual learning styles and multiple intelligences (Gardner 1993; Gardner 1999; Gardner 2004).
Fracture of distal humerus: MIPO technique with visualization of the radial nerve

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes in patients treated for humerus distal third fractures with MIPO technique and visualization of the radial nerve by an accessory approach, in those without radial palsy before surgery. METHODS: The patients were treated with MIPO technique. The visualization and isolation of the radial nerve was done by an approach between the brachialis and the brachiorradialis, with an oblique incision, in the lateral side of the arm. MEPS was used to evaluate the elbow function. RESULTS: Seven patients were evaluated with a mean age of 29.8 years old. The average follow up was 29.85 months. The radial neuropraxis after surgery occurred in three patients. The sensorial recovery occurred after 3.16 months on average and also of the motor function, after 5.33 months on average, in all patients. We achieved fracture consolidation in all patients (M=4.22 months). The averages for flexion-extension and prono-supination were 112.85° and 145°, respectively. The MEPS average score was 86.42. There was no case of infection. CONCLUSION: This approach allowed excluding a radial nerve interposition on site of the fracture and/or under the plate, showing a high level of consolidation of the fracture and a good evolution of the range of movement of the elbow. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series
Assessing Patient and Caregiver Experiences with Symptoms and Behaviors Associated with Schizophrenia

Objective: Obtaining patient and caregiver perspectives may be critical for informing disease management, particularly with conditions like schizophrenia. The primary objective of the current study was to obtain and assess patient and caregiver perspectives on associated symptoms and behaviors of schizophrenia and their impact or burden on patients and their caregivers through patient interviews and caregiver focus groups. Research design and methods: Seven in-depth individual interviews were conducted with individuals with schizophrenia, and four focus groups were conducted with caregivers of adults with schizophrenia (n = 21) in two different locations in the United States. Following a discussion guide, interviewers asked open-ended questions to ascertain specific definitions and experiences related to five associated symptoms and behaviors (anxiety, irritability, agitation, impulsivity, and aggression), the impact of these symptoms, and how they were associated with schizophrenia. Additionally, patients completed the 8-item Birchwood Insight Scale developed to assess insight in patients with schizophrenia. Results: The impacts of anxiety were the most widespread and persistent for the patients, primarily relating to social and family interactions and relationships. For both patients and caregivers, patients’ anxiety comprised a mental and a physical component and contributed to escalation of other emotions and behaviors. Other significant or debilitating impacts, such as emotional functioning, legal issues, and financial distress, were attributed to aggression and impulsivity for both the patients and the caregivers. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the impact of anxiety in the lives of patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers, and the potential relationship of and escalation from anxiety to aggression. Additionally, the study reinforces the importance of ensuring that treatment is taking into account the highly prevalent anxiety symptoms and behavioral disturbances in patients with schizophrenia as well as the implications of these symptoms and disturbances on the caregivers.
The Effect of Virtual Reality Cognitive Training for Attention Enhancement

Our main goal in this research was to validate the possibility of virtual reality (VR) for attention enhancement in cognitive training program. Then, we developed some cognitive training tasks using VR technology. Thirty subjects who had little behavioral problems and social problems were randomly assigned into three groups: VR group, non-VR group, and control group. Only the VR group used the head-mounted display (HMD) and position sensor. While the VR group and non-VR group performed cognitive training, the control group received no special treatment. All participants took their eight session tasks over 2 weeks. Participants executed a continuous performance task (CPT) before and after training sessions. We found that immersive VR with cognitive training is effective for attention enhancement. Also, we confirmed that our cognitive training can improve the attention span of children and adolescents with behavioral problems and help them learn to focus on some tasks.
The use of convergent-beam electron diffraction to determine local lattice distortions in nickel-base superalloys

Abstract Convergent-beam electron diffraction has been used to study local lattice distortions of γ′ (the ordered intermetallic compound based on Ni3Al) in nickel-base alloys. Specifically, the patterns of higher-order Laue zone lines exhibited in central discs of convergent-beam patterns recorded with the beam accurately aligned parallel to given zone axes have been used to detect small changes in the lattice parameters of γ′ in two nickel-base superalloys, one the ternary eutectic Ni-12·8Al-22·2Mo alloy (where the composition is in atomic per cent), the other Udimet 720 in the commercially heat-treated or partially recrystallized condition. The various results are interpreted on the basis of the observed distortions being caused by stresses which may be introduced by effects such as differing thermal expansion or contraction coefficients of the component phases and lattice mismatch. The effect of relaxations of these stresses by the proximity of the foil surfaces has been demonstrated. It is concluded t.
Fixation-identification in dynamic scenes: comparing an automated algorithm to manual coding

Video-based eye trackers produce an output video showing where a subject is looking, the subject's point-of-regard (POR), for each frame of a video of the scene. Fixation-identification algorithms simplify the long list of POR data into a more manageable set of data, especially for further analysis, by grouping PORs into fixations. Most current fixation-identification algorithms assume that the POR data are defined in static two-dimensional scene images and only use these raw POR data to identify fixations. The applicability of these algorithms to gaze data in dynamic scene videos is largely unexplored. We implemented a simple velocity-based, duration-sensitive fixation-identification algorithm and compared its performance to results obtained by three experienced users manually coding the eye tracking data displayed within the scene video such that these manual coders had knowledge of the scene motion. We performed this comparison for eye tracking data collected during two different tasks involving different types of scene motion. These two tasks included a subject walking around a building for about 100 seconds (Task 1) and a seated subject viewing a computer animation (approximately 90 seconds long, Task 2). It took our manual coders on average 75 minutes (stdev = 28) and 80 minutes (17) to code results from the first and second tasks, respectively. The automatic fixation-identification algorithm, implemented in MATLAB and run on an Apple 2.16 GHz MacBook, produced results in 0.26 seconds for Task 1 and 0.21 seconds for Task 2. For the first task (walking), the average percent difference among the three human manual coders was 9% (3.5) and the average percent difference between the automatically generated results and the three coders was 11% (2.0). For the second task (animation), the average percent difference among the three human coders was 4% (0.75) and the average percent difference between the automatically generated results and the three coders was 5% (0.9).
Acutely Bereaved Surrogates’ Stories About the Decision to Limit Life Support in the ICU

Objectives: Participating in a decision to limit life support for a loved one in the ICU is associated with adverse mental health consequences for surrogate decision makers. We sought to describe acutely bereaved surrogates’ experiences surrounding this decision. Design: Qualitative analysis of interviews with surrogates approximately 4 weeks after a patient’s death in one of six ICUs at four hospitals in Pittsburgh, PA. Subjects: Adults who participated in decisions about life support in the ICU. Interventions: Not applicable. Measurements and Main Results: We collected participant demographics, previous advance care planning, and decision control preferences. We used qualitative content analysis of transcribed interviews to identify themes in surrogates’ experiences. The 23 participants included the spouse (n = 7), child/stepchild (7), sibling (5), parent (3), or other relation (1) of the deceased patient. Their mean age was 55, 61% were women, all were whites, 74% had previous treatment preference discussions with the patient, and 43% of patients had written advance directives. Fifteen of 23 surrogates (65%) preferred an active decision-making role, 8 of 23 (35%) preferred to share responsibility with the physician, and no surrogates preferred a passive role. Surrogates report that key stressors in the ICU are the uncertainty and witnessed or empathic suffering. These factors contributed to surrogates’ sense of helplessness in the ICU. Involvement in the decision to limit life support allowed surrogates to regain a sense of agency by making a decision consistent with the patient’s wishes and values, counteracting surrogates’ helplessness and ending the uncertainty and suffering. Conclusions: In this all-white sample of surrogates with nonpassive decision control preferences from a single US region, participating in decision making allowed surrogates to regain control, counteract feelings of helplessness, and end their empathic suffering. Although previous research highlighted the distress caused by participation in a decision to limit life support, the act of decision making may, counterintuitively, help some surrogates cope with the experience.