Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis and treatment of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after deep brain stimulation surgery

Abstract Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may lead to permanent neurological disability of patients and has impeded the extensive clinical application of deep brain stimulation (DBS). The present study was conducted to discuss the incidence, prevention, and treatment of symptomatic ICH after DBS surgery. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, 396 patients underwent DBS with a total of 691 implanted leads. In all, 10 patients had symptomatic ICH. We analyzed these cases’ clinical characteristics, including comorbid diagnoses and coagulation profile. We described the onset of ICH, imaging features, clinical manifestations, treatment, neurological impairment, and outcome of DBS. Results: Of the 10 patients with symptomatic ICH, 2 had hypertension. Three cases of ICH occurred within 12 h of the procedure; four cases within 24 h. Five experienced grand mal seizures concurrently with hemorrhage. Unilateral frontal lobe hemorrhage occurred in all cases. In seven cases, hematomas occurred around the electrodes. Some hematomas were not well-circumscribed and had perihematomal edema. Conservative therapy was administered to 8 patients, and 2 patients underwent craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. All electrodes were successfully preserved. Neurological dysfunction in all patients gradually improved. Nine patients ultimately experienced effective symptom relief of Parkinson’s disease with DBS. Conclusions: Symptomatic ICH should be identified as soon as possible after implantation surgery and treated effectively to limit neurological deficit and preserve DBS leads.
A nudging-based data assimilation method: the Back and Forth Nudging (BFN) algorithm

This paper deals with a new data assimilation algorithm, called Back and Forth Nudging. The standard nudging technique consists in adding to the equations of the model a relaxation term that is supposed to force the observations to the model. The BFN algorithm consists in repeatedly performing forward and backward integrations of the model with relaxation (or nudging) terms, using opposite signs in the direct and inverse integrations, so as to make the backward evolution numerically stable. This algorithm has first been tested on the standard Lorenz model with discrete observations (perfect or noisy) and compared with the variational assimilation method. The same type of study has then been performed on the viscous Burgers equation, comparing again with the variational method and focusing on the time evolution of the reconstruction error, i.e. the difference between the reference trajectory and the identified one over a time period composed of an assimilation period followed by a prediction period. The possible use of the BFN algorithm as an initialization for the variational method has also been investigated. Finally the algorithm has been tested on a layered quasi-geostrophic model with sea-surface height observations. The behaviours of the two algorithms have been compared in the presence of perfect or noisy observations, and also for imperfect models. This has allowed us to reach a conclusion concerning the relative performances of the two algorithms.
Error Bands for Impulse Responses

We examine the theory and behavior in practice of Bayesian and bootstrap methods for generating error bands on impulse responses in dynamic linear models. The Bayesian intervals have a firmer theoretical foundation in small samples, are easier to compute, and are about as good in small samples by classical criteria as are the best bootstrap intervals. Bootstrap intervals based directly on the simulated small-sample distribution of an estimator, without bias correction, perform very badly. We show that a method that has been used to extend to the overidentified case standard algorithms for Bayesian intervals in reduced form models is incorrect, and we show how to obtain correct Bayesian intervals for this case.
Kähler–Ricci flow, Kähler–Einstein metric,
and K–stability

We prove the existence of Kahler-Einstein metric on a K-stable Fano manifold using the recent compactness result on Kahler-Ricci flows. The key ingredient is an algebro-geometric description of the asymptotic behavior of Kahler-Ricci flow on Fano manifolds. This is in turn based on a general finite dimensional discussion, which is interesting in its own and could potentially apply to other problems. As one application, we relate the asymptotics of the Calabi flow on a polarized Kahler manifold to K-stability assuming bounds on geometry.
Constraint-based simulation of adhesive contact

Dynamics with contact are often formulated as a constrained optimization problem. This approach allows handling in an integrated manner both non-penetration and frictional constraints. Following developments in the computational mechanics field, we have designed an algorithm for adding the simulation of adhesive contact constraints in the context of state-of-the-art constraint-based contact solvers. We show that implicit adhesion constraints can be handled with minor changes to existing solvers, and we demonstrate our algorithm on a diverse range of objects, including mass-spring cloth, volumetric finite-element models, and rigid bodies.
English Language and Economic Growth: Cross-Country Empirical Evidence

This paper addresses the effect of English proficiency on economic growth empirically with Barro-type cross-sectional growth regression. The empirical results provide evidence of positive correlation between initial English proficiency and economic growth only for the countries in the Asia and Europe. Therefore, countries with higher levels of English proficiency among the fraction of its population are likely to grow faster. This paper suggests that the ability to absorb knowledge is positively related to the level of English proficiency. It implies that the level of English proficiency can be viewed as a component of human capital.
Advanced 3D and 2D damage assessment of low velocity impact response of glass and Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Abstract This work focuses on quasi-static mechanical (tensile, flexural, indentation), low velocity impact (LVI) and viscoelastic behaviour of different stacking sequences and ] of 16 layers woven roving Kevlar-E-glass/epoxy interply hybrid composites. The outermost layers are Kevlar and remaining 14 E-glass layers are placed as interior for making these hybrid laminates. The viscoelastic properties are measured over the temperature range from 25 °C (room temperature) to 180 °C at three different frequencies (1, 10 and 50 Hz) by using the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The LVI results indicated that Kevlar-glass/epoxy hybrid laminates exhibit the highest damage threshold load (DTL) whereas laminates possess the higher peak load and threshold and maximum energies. Advanced non-destructive testing techniques (NDT) such as X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and ultrasonic C-scan are employed to evaluate the micro and macro damage mechanisms of LVI tested specimens, respectively. Detailed observations have been made on the onset and growth of cracks in 30°, 45° and 0° plies using X-CT scan imaging. These images show that the bottommost plies subjected to more impact than the topmost plies, the outer Kevlar plies protect the inner 0° glass plies and delays the delamination propagation. ‘C’ scan images indicate that laminates spread the damage to more area. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used for examining the failure mechanisms of indentation specimens.
Market Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control Strategies: A UK Case Study

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a serious threat to the agricultural sector due to its highly contagious nature. Outbreaks of FMD can lead to substantial disruptions to livestock markets due to loss of production and access to international markets. In a previously FMD-free country, the use of vaccination to augment control of an FMD outbreak is increasingly being recognized as an alternative control strategy to direct slaughtering [stamping-out (SO)]. The choice of control strategy has implications on production, trade, and hence prices of the sector. Specific choice of eradication strategies depends on their costs and benefits. Economic impact assessments are often based on benefit–cost framework, which provide detailed information on the changes in profit for a farm or budget implications for a government (1). However, this framework cannot capture price effects caused by changes in production due to culling of animals; access to international markets; and consumers’ reaction. These three impacts combine to affect equilibrium within commodity markets (2). This paper provides assessment of sectoral level impacts of the eradication choices of FMD outbreaks, which are typically not available from benefit–cost framework, in the context of the UK. The FAPRI-UK model, a partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector, is utilized to investigate market outcomes of different control strategies (namely SO and vaccinate-to-die) in the case of FMD outbreaks. The outputs from the simulations of the EXODIS epidemiological model (number of animals culled/vaccinated and duration of outbreak) are used as inputs within the economic model to capture the overall price impact of the animal destruction, export ban, and consumers’ response.
A point of view on Gowers uniformity norms

Gowers norms have been studied extensively both in the direct sense, starting with a function and understanding the associated norm, and in the inverse sense, starting with the norm and deducing properties of the function. Instead of focusing on the norms themselves, we study associated dual norms and dual functions. Combining this study with a variant of the Szemeredi Regularity Lemma, we give a decomposition theorem for dual functions, linking the dual norms to classical norms and indicating that the dual norm is easier to understand than the norm itself. Using the dual functions, we introduce higher order algebras that are analogs of the classical Fourier algebra, which in turn can be used to further characterize the dual functions.
Detecting Faces Using Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks

Face detection has achieved great success using the region-based methods. In this report, we propose a region-based face detector applying deep networks in a fully convolutional fashion, named Face R-FCN. Based on Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (R-FCN), our face detector is more accurate and com-putationally efﬁcient compared with the previous R-CNN based face detectors. In our approach, we adopt the fully convolutional Residual Network (ResNet) as the backbone network. Particularly, we exploit several new techniques including position-sensitive average pooling, multi-scale training and testing and on-line hard example mining strategy to improve the detection accuracy. Over two most popular and challenging face detection benchmarks, FDDB and WIDER FACE, Face R-FCN achieves superior performance over state-of-the-arts.
EBSD image segmentation using a physics-based forward model

We propose a segmentation and anomaly detection method for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images. In contrast to conventional methods that require Euler angles to be extracted from diffraction patterns, the proposed method operates on the patterns directly. We use a forward model implemented as a dictionary of diffraction patterns generated by a detailed physics-based simulation of EBSD. The combination of full diffraction patterns and a dictionary allows anomalies to be detected at the same time as grains are segmented, and also increases robustness to noise and instrument blur. The proposed method is demonstrated on a sample of the Ni-base alloy IN100.
Role for Endothelin-1-Induced Superoxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Rebound Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy

Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhaled nitric oxide (NO) decreases nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in vivo and that this inhibition is associated with rebound pulmonary hypertension upon acute withdrawal of inhaled NO. We have also demonstrated that inhaled NO elevates plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and that pretreatment with PD156707, an ETA receptor antagonist, blocks the rebound hypertension. The objectives of this study were to further elucidate the role of ET-1 in the rebound pulmonary hypertension upon acute withdrawal of inhaled NO. Inhaled NO (40 ppm) delivered to thirteen 4-week-old lambs decreased NOS activity by 36.2% in control lambs (P <0.05), whereas NOS activity was preserved in PD156707-treated lambs. When primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were exposed to ET-1, superoxide production increased by 33% (P <0.05). This increase was blocked by a preincubation with PD156707. Furthermore, cotreatment of cells with ET-1 and NO increased peroxynitrite levels by 26% (P <0.05), whereas preincubation of purified human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein with peroxynitrite generated a nitrated enzyme with 50% activity relative to control (P <0.05). Western blot analysis of peripheral lung extracts obtained after 24 hours of inhaled NO revealed a 90% reduction in 3-nitrotyrosine residues (P <0.05) in PD156707-treated lambs. The nitration of eNOS was also reduced by 40% in PD156707-treated lambs (P <0.05). These data suggest that the reduction of NOS activity associated with inhaled NO therapy may involve ETA receptor–mediated superoxide production. ETA receptor antagonists may prevent rebound pulmonary hypertension by protecting endogenous eNOS activity during inhaled NO therapy.
Inverse Supersymmetry Breaking in S1 × R3

Abstract: In this paper, we study the inﬂuence of hard supersymmetry breaking terms ina N = 1, d = 4 supersymmetric model, in S 1 × R 3 spacetime topology. It is shownthat when the radius of the compact dimension is large supersymmetry is unbroken, anddynamically breaks as the radius decreases. We point out that this resembles the inversesymmetry breaking of continuous symmetries at ﬁnite temperature (however, in the case ofsupersymmetry, the role of the temperature is played by the compact dimension’s radius). Furthermore, we also ﬁnd a universality in the dependence of the critical length L c as afunction of a coupling g 3 , after comparing all cases.Keywords: Supersymmetry; Effective Potential; Symmetry Breaking1. IntroductionOne of the most promising extensions of the Standard Model is offered by supersymmetric theories.These theories are elegant due to the cancelation of quadratic divergences, thus, protecting the Higgsmass from increasing without an upper limit.It is known that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken when the theory is examined at ﬁnite temper-ature. This takes place due to the boundary conditions, which are periodic for bosons and anti-periodicfor fermions and are used at ﬁnite temperature. Similar situations could also occur in the conceptuallysimilar case of ﬁeld theories at ﬁnite volume. However in this case, supersymmetry is not spontaneouslybroken due to fermions and bosons being less restricted in the boundary conditions that they can obey(no Kubo-Martin-Schwinger relations in ﬁnite volume ﬁeld theories).
Surface Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait area derived from satellite remote sensing data

[ 1] Satellite ocean color, sea surface temperature, and altimeter data are used to study the surface Kuroshio path in the Luzon Strait area. The results suggest that the dominant path of surface Kuroshio intrusion in winter is a direct route from northeast of Luzon to southwest of Taiwan and then westward along the continental slope of northern South China Sea. Anticyclonic intrusions of the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait area are observed during less than 30% of the time on average and in all four seasons of the year. Winter is the most favorable season for the formation of the anticyclonic intrusions. However, the Kuroshio is observed to deviate from the dominant path during only a little over one third of the wintertime on average. The loop currents of the Kuroshio, which feature prominent inflow-outflow currents in the Luzon Strait during the anticyclonic intrusions, are observed only occasionally, with more episodes in summer than in winter. The observation of more frequent loop currents of the Kuroshio in summer than in winter is a revision to the existing conclusion. These results demonstrate that the anticyclonic intrusion of the Kuroshio is a transient phenomenon rather than a persistent circulation pattern in the Luzon Strait area as suggested by some of the existing numerical model simulations. The growth and decay of the anticyclonic intrusions of the Kuroshio are closely related to the passages and evolution of mesoscale eddies in the Luzon Strait area. Each anticyclonic intrusion event lasts for a few weeks. Its termination sometimes results in a detached anticyclonic eddy propagating to the western basin along the continental slope of the northern South China Sea.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications

We describe a variety of perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR), which we use to develop a framework for consideration of the strategic implications of CSR. Based on this framework, we propose an agenda for additional theoretical and empirical research on CSR. We then review the papers in this special issue and relate them to the proposed agenda.
Imported malaria treated in Melbourne, Australia: epidemiology and clinical features in 246 patients.

BACKGROUND Imported malaria is increasing in nonendemic countries, including Australia. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of travelers with imported malaria presenting to a specialist infectious diseases hospital. METHODS A retrospective case series of 246 consecutively admitted inpatients with laboratory confirmed malaria. The main outcome measures were the proportion of patients infected with each malaria species, and relationship between species and country of birth, area of acquisition, adequacy of chemoprophylaxis, clinical features, laboratory investigations, and treatment. RESULTS Plasmodium vivax caused 182 (68.9%) episodes, Plasmodium falciparum caused 71 (26.9%), Plasmodium ovale caused 5 (1.9%), and Plasmodium malariae 1 (0.4%). Fifty-six percent of patients reported chemoprophylaxis use. People born in a country with endemic malaria (36.6%) were less likely to have used chemoprophylaxis. Malaria was most commonly acquired in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia. The median times to diagnosis after return to Australia for P. falciparum and P. vivax infections were 1 and 9 weeks respectively. The longest interval between last arrival in Australia and presentation with P. falciparum malaria was 32 weeks. Fever (96%), headache (74%), and a tender or palpable spleen (40%), were the most common clinical features. Diarrhea was more common in P. falciparum, and rigors in P. vivax infections. Thrombocytopenia (71%), abnormal liver function tests and an elevated C-reactive protein (85%) were common. Six patients had severe falciparum malaria but no deaths occurred during the study period. CONCLUSION Malaria remains a health threat for those traveling in endemic areas and is associated with failure to use chemoprophylaxis appropriately. Nonspecific clinical features may lead to delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Malaria should be suspected in the febrile traveler, regardless of birthplace, prophylaxis, symptomatology, or the time that has elapsed since leaving the malarious area.
1-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-4-methylpyridinium bromide

In the title compound, C14H13N2 +·Br−, the 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-4-methylpyridinium cation has a Λ-shaped conformation, and the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridinium rings is 75.8 (2)°. In the crystal, two cations form a dimer through π–π interactions between pyridine rings [the centroid–centroid distance is 3.685 (1) Å].
FireFly

Conventional static datacenter (DC) network designs offer extreme cost vs. performance tradeoffs---simple leaf-spine networks are cost-effective but oversubscribed, while "fat tree"-like solutions offer good worst-case performance but are expensive. Recent results make a promising case for augmenting an oversubscribed network with reconfigurable inter-rack wireless or optical links. Inspired by the promise of reconfigurability, this paper presents FireFly, an inter-rack network solution that pushes DC network design to the extreme on three key fronts: (1) all links are reconfigurable; (2) all links are wireless; and (3) non top-of-rack switches are eliminated altogether. This vision, if realized, can offer significant benefits in terms of increased flexibility, reduced equipment cost, and minimal cabling complexity. In order to achieve this vision, we need to look beyond traditional RF wireless solutions due to their interference footprint which limits range and data rates. Thus, we make the case for using free-space optics (FSO). We demonstrate the viability of this architecture by (a) building a proof-of-concept prototype of a steerable small form factor FSO device using commodity components and (b) developing practical heuristics to address algorithmic and system-level challenges in network design and management.
A Kurtosis-Based Approach to Detect RFI in SMOS Image Reconstruction Data Processor

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is a European Space Agency project aimed to observe two important geophysical variables, i.e., soil moisture over land and ocean salinity by L-band microwave imaging radiometry. This work is concerned with the contamination of the SMOS data by radio-frequency interferences (RFIs), which degrades the performance of the mission. In this paper, we propose an approach that detects if a given snapshot is contaminated, or not, by RFI. This approach is based on evaluating the kurtosis of each snapshot or data set, using all interferometric measurements provided by the instrument. The obtained kurtosis is considered as an indicator on how much the snapshot is polluted by RFI, thus allowing the user to decide on whether to keep or discard it.
Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque

We measured the responses of 305 neurons in striate cortex to moving sinusoidal gratings modulated in chromaticity and luminance about a fixed white point. Stimuli were represented in a 3-dimensional color space defined by 2 chromatic axes and a third along which luminance varied. With rare exceptions the chromatic properties of cortical neurons were well described by a linear model in which the response of a cell is proportional to the sum (for complex cells, the rectified sum) of the signals from the 3 classes of cones. For each cell there is a vector passing through the white point along which modulation gives rise to a maximal response. The elevation (theta m) and azimuth (phi m) of this vector fully describe the chromatic properties of the cell. The linear model also describes neurons in l.g. n. (Derrington et al., 1984), so most neurons in striate cortex have the same chromatic selectivity as do neurons in l.g. n. However, the distributions of preferred vectors differed in cortex and l.g. n. : Most cortical neurons preferred modulation along vectors lying close to the achromatic axis and those showing overt chromatic opponency did not fall into the clearly defined chromatic groups seen in l.g. n. The neurons most responsive to chromatic modulation (found mainly in layers IVA, IVC beta, and VI) had poor orientation selectivity, and responded to chromatic modulation of a spatially uniform field at least as well as they did to any grating. We encountered neurons with band-pass spatial selectivity for chromatically modulated stimuli in layers II/III and VI. Most had complex receptive fields. Neurons in layer II/III did not fall into distinct groups according to their chromatic sensitivities, and the chromatic properties of neurons known to lie within regions rich in cytochrome oxidase appeared no different from those of neurons in the interstices. Six neurons, all of which resembled simple cells, showed unusually sharp chromatic selectivity.