Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ZUR HERKUNFT DES FLEKTIERTEN PRÄDIKATIVEN ADJEKTIVS IM HÖCHSTALEMANNISCHEN

The inflection of predicative adjectives in Highest Alemannic is usually attributed to the retention of Old High German structure or contact with Romance languages. Based on a detailed comparison of predicate adjective inflection in Highest Alemannic, Old High German and Romance languages, this article concludes that neither a broad-ranging persistence of Old High German structures nor recent contact-related causes can be responsible - the distribution of inflected Highest Alemannic predicative adjectives is highly idiosyncratic and is not sufficiently congruent with either Old High German or the neighbouring Romance varieties. It seems more likely that the phenomenon has an early origin in which Romance language contact and possibly, at a later stage, internal tendencies which are no longer extant played a role. The Highest Alemannic idiosyncrasies can be explained as more recent exaptations.
Morphology and electrophysiological properties of reticularis thalami neurons in cat: in vivo study of a thalamic pacemaker

Reticularis thalami neurons (RE neurons) were identified morphologically, and their electrophysiological properties were studied in cat under barbiturate anesthesia. Intracellular HRP injections showed that RE neurons possessed very long dendrites bearing numerous filopodia-like appendages and that their axons were directed toward main thalamic nuclei. As a rule, small axonal branches were also emitted within the RE nucleus itself. At rest, the membrane potential of RE neurons displayed 2 types of oscillations: a slow 0.1–0.2 Hz oscillation and fast 7–12 Hz oscillations occurring on the positive phase of the former. Episodes of spindle (7–12 Hz) waves lasted for 2–3 sec and were characterized by rhythmic depolarizations and burst discharges. Intracellular injections of QX314 and current pulse analyses revealed the presence in RE cells of 2 distinct inward currents: a persistent current that promoted tonic firing and a low- threshold current deinactivated by hyperpolarization that generated burst discharges. The low-threshold current deinactivated with large somatic hyperpolarizations (up to 30 mV) and produced depolarizing responses that lasted for about 70 msec. In addition, low-threshold responses appeared rhythmically at intervals of about 150 msec after recovery of the membrane potential from hyperpolarization. Because of their duration, voltage dependence, and persistence after intracellular injections of QX314, it is suggested that these responses resulted from activation of a low-threshold Ca2+ current at the dendritic level. In QX314-injected cells, selective components of spontaneous oscillations were abolished, among them the positive phase of the slow oscillation and late depolarizing humps that followed burst discharges within spindle sequences. However, the rhythmic occurrence of spindle episodes at 0.1–0.2 Hz was never affected by DC currents or by QX314 or Cl- injections, suggesting that oscillations within a particular RE neuron partly reflected the oscillatory behavior of a network of cells. On the basis of these electrophysiological results and the known morphological and neurochemical features, a new hypothesis is proposed to account for the rhythmicity of RE neurons.
An Exploration of School Leadership Perspectives on the Disproportionate Placement of African American Males in the Serious Emotional Disability Category of Special Education.

MATTOCKS, LAVERNE LYNETTE. An Exploration of School Leadership Perspectives on the Disproportionate Placement of African American Males in the Serious Emotional Disability Category of Special Education. (Under the direction of Dr. Paul Bitting). Since 1968, researchers have been questioning the pertinence of special education programs and the prevalence of African American males identified for participation. This exploration uses a constructivist grounded theory framework to inquire about administrative perspectives on the disproportionate number of African American males in special education, primarily in the category of Serious Emotional Disability. The study, conducted using a series of brief pre-interview observations and interviews, develops five themes that have emerged from the analysis of data. These themes are: Significance of Educator Training, Significance of Strong Relationships, Significance of Race, Significance of Socioeconomics, and Significance of Leadership. These themes are consistent with much of the literature on factors related to disproportionate placement of African American males in special education. Elaboration upon these themes provides a basis to synthesize existent research on the topic with new data to develop a theory about the ways in which public school administrators understand and impact disproportionate placement of African American males. The study aims to provide recommendations for future research that not only enhance the literature on disproportionality but also provides practical implications for current and future educators. © Copyright 2016 by LaVerne Lynette Mattocks All Rights Reserved An Exploration of School Leadership Perspectives on the Disproportionate Placement of African American Males in the Serious Emotional Disability Category of Special Education by LaVerne Lynette Mattocks A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Education Educational Leadership and Supervision Raleigh, North Carolina 2016
Efficient multiuser spectral precoding for reducing out-of-band emission for OFDM-based cognitive radios

When multiple users in an OFDM system can be synchronized, a novel efficient multiuser precoding approach for reducing out-of-band emission (OOBE) is developed. The main idea is to view all users as a virtual single user and design a common virtual precoder for all users. The precoder of a particular user is then constructed using the corresponding columns of the virtual precoder according to the allocated spectrum of that user. Without suffering from any degradation in BER performance, the proposed approach achieves higher spectral efficiency, larger OOBE reduction and better peak to average power ratio (PAPR) performance than the existing precoding approaches at the cost of higher complexity. Moreover, unlike the existing approaches, the spectral efficiency loss of the proposed approach does not increase as the number of users increases. It is also remarkable that the proposed approach allows each user to use noncontiguous spectra without losing additional spectral efficiency; this property is essential for enabling granular resource allocations.
How do parents facilitate or inhibit adolescent disclosure? The role of adolescents’ psychological needs satisfaction

The aim of the study was to test whether the correlation between parental behaviors in the context of adolescent disclosure and adolescents’ self-reported disclosure could be explained by fulfillment of adolescents’ basic psychological needs within their relationships with mothers and fathers. The cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of 1,074 seventh graders in Croatia. Parental facilitating behaviors (initiating conversation, support and respectful guidance) and some of the inhibiting behaviors (unavailability, punishment) were shown to be indirectly associated with adolescents’ disclosure through the perceptions of their needs satisfaction. The assumption about the unique contribution of the need-for-relatedness satisfaction in mediating the link between parental behaviors and disclosure was consistently supported, whereas the specific contribution of the need-for-autonomy was apparent only in data about mothers, but not fathers. The results are equivalent for routine disclosure and self-disclosure, suggesting that the processes through which parents facilitate or inhibit both are rather comparable.
Poincaré and Plancherel-Polya Inequalities in Harmonic Analysis on Weighted Combinatorial Graphs

We prove Poincare and Plancherel--Polya inequalities for weighted $\ell^p$-spaces on weighted graphs in which the constants are explicitly expressed in terms of some geometric characteristics of a graph. We use a Poincare-type inequality to obtain some new relations between geometric and spectral properties of the combinatorial Laplace operator. Several well-known graphs are considered to demonstrate that our results are reasonably sharp. The Plancherel--Polya inequalities allow for application of the frame algorithm as a method for reconstruction of Paley--Wiener functions on weighted graphs from a set of samples. The results are illustrated by developing Shannon-type sampling in the case of a line graph.
Satisfacción Laboral en docentes universitarios: medición y estudio de variables influyentes

Teachers are the main strategic asset in Universities. Their knowledge and expertise constitute the core competence of this type of organization. Precisely, through the performance of academic activities (i.e. researching, lecturing, providing services to the local community) they make a substantial contribution to the effectiveness in the functioning of Universities, as well as to their visibility, reputation and prestige in the academic market. Due to the influence of job satisfaction on occupational health and other performance-related variables, systematical measurements of this phenomenon are essential in Universities. In this article, job satisfaction (global and by facets) is measured and low score job attributes are identified in a sample of teachers of an Argentinian Public University. By using statistical techniques (e.g. factor analysis, multiple regression analysis), the influence of socio-demographical and employment condition variables is studied. In this research, authors find that ‘mechanisms by which teachers get access to positions’, ‘perception of justice’ and ‘expectation of promotions’ register the lowest scores. The main variables that seem to significantly explain teacher’s job satisfaction are age and actual position in the hierarchy.
Adaptive evolution of anti-viral siRNAi genes in bumblebees

The high density of frequently interacting and closely related individuals in social insects enhance pathogen transmission and establishment within colonies. Group-mediated behavior supporting immune defenses tend to decrease selection acting on immune genes. Along with low effective population sizes this will result in relaxed constraint and rapid evolution of genes of the immune system. Here we show that sociality is the main driver of selection in antiviral siRNAi genes in social bumblebees compared to their socially parasitic cuckoo bumblebees that lack a worker caste. RNAi genes show frequent positive selection at the codon level additionally supported by the occurrence of parallel evolution and their evolutionary rate is linked to their pathway specific position with genes directly interacting with viruses showing the highest rates of molecular evolution. We suggest that indeed higher pathogen load in social insects drive adaptive evolution of immune genes, if not compensated by behavior.
Localized accumulation of tubulin during semi-open mitosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

We report that free tubulin subunits in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo accumulate in the nascent spindle region, independent of spindle formation. We propose that this newly identified mechanism of accumulation of free tubulin and other molecules at the nascent spindle region contributes to efficient assembly of the mitotic spindle.
The Performance Consequences of Top Management Successions

As an exploratory step toward integrating differing views in the field of top management succession, this study takes an open system’s perspective and examines the effect of top management succession on organizational performance, in particular decision-makingaccuracy, under conditions where various organizational and environmental factors can interact. Through a formal computer simulation model that captures the basic behaviors of human decision making and the fundamental characteristics of organizational and environmental settings, the results show that whether top management successions may affect organizational performance, and if so, how organizational performance may be affected, depends on such contextual variables as industry environment, organizational structure, succession type, and organizational age. This study has also demonstrated the importance of moving toward a more systematic and precise contingency approach and the power of computer modeling in understanding the multilevel process of top management succession in complex and dynamic organizations.
The co-development of perceived support and the Big Five in middle and older adulthood

The current study examined whether relationships also influence personality trait development during middle and older adulthood, focusing on the individual’s perception of support from the relationship partner. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 20,422; mean age = 65.9 years), we examined the longitudinal relationships between Big Five personality trait levels and perceived support from children, family, friends, and spouses. Results found that participants who reported more positive social support and lower negative support also tended to score higher on conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience, but lower on neuroticism. Moreover, changes in positive support across relationship partners coincided with trait changes over time, in the form of more positive support was associated with seemingly adaptive changes on the Big Five. Findings are discussed with respect to identifying social influences on personality development in adulthood.
Systematic Evaluation of Genetic Variants for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Chinese Population

To date, eleven genome-wide significant (GWS) loci (P < 5×10−8) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Some of the risk loci have been selected for replications and validated in multiple ethnicities, however, few previous studies investigated all loci. Scanning all the GWAS variants would demonstrate a more informative profile of variance they explained. Thus, we analyzed all the 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to the 11 GWAS loci in an independent sample set of 800 Chinese subjects with PCOS and 1110 healthy controls systematically. Variants of rs3802457 in C9orf3 locus (P = 5.99×10−4) and rs13405728 in LHCGR locus (P = 3.73×10−4) were significantly associated with PCOS after the strict Bonferroni correction in our data set. The further haplotype analysis indicated that in the block of C9orf3 gene (rs4385527 and rs3802457), GA haplotype played a protective role in PCOS (8.7 vs 5.0, P = 9.85×10−6, OR = 0.548, 95%CI = 0.418–0.717), while GG haplotype was found suffering from an extraordinarily increased risk of PCOS (73.6% vs79.2%, P = 3.41×10−5, OR = 1.394, 95%CI = 1.191–1.632). Moreover, the directions of effects for all SNPs were consistent with previous GWAS reports (P = 1.53×10−5). Polygenic score analysis demonstrated that these 17 SNPs have a significant capacity on predicting case-control status in our samples (P = 7.17×10−9), meanwhile all these gathered 17 SNPs explained about 2.40% of variance. Our findings supported that C9orf3 and LHCGR loci variants were vital susceptibility of PCOS.
Attitudes toward the elderly among students of health care related studies at the University of Salamanca, Spain

Introduction: This study uses a cross‐sectional approach in terms of evaluating attitudes toward the elderly among health sciences students. The aim of this study was to measure attitudes among final year pregraduate students of seven health care careers. Method: A cross‐sectional study wwas conducted with final year students of medicine (M), occupational therapy (OT), physiotherapy (P), nursing (N), psychology (Ps), social work (Sw), and dentistry (D). The data was collected using the validated Spanish version of the questionnaire that uses the Aged Semantic Differential (ASD), a scale developed by Rosencrantz and colleagues. Additional information about sociodemographic characteristics of students was collected. Results: A total of 472 valid questionnaires were collected; 54% of the students showed positive attitudes toward the elderly. Female students had more positive attitudes than male ones. The Ps and P students showed a high interest in choosing geriatrics as their speciality (36%), while only 16% of the medical students considered it among their career options. Discussion: Pregraduate health care students' attitudes tend to be less positive concerning older people's capacity for self‐determination. Therefore, it would be advisable to enhance continuous interaction among healthy aged people and students of the named specialities during their specific training. The fact that the N students had less positive attitudes toward the elderly, while they were also more likely to take action, and the fact that the Ps and Sw students had more positive attitudes might suggest a need to enhance and combine the approach to the care of the older people in nursing with the psychological and life course approaches.
Association of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations with Physical Activity in Adults with Arthritis

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine whether higher baseline levels of (a) self-efficacy for physical activity, (b) self-efficacy for arthritis self-management, and (c) outcome expectations for exercise are associated with higher physical activity levels following an exercise intervention for adults with arthritis. Methods. A secondary analysis of the intervention cohort (n = 130) within a randomized controlled trial of the People with Arthritis Can Exercise program was performed. Multiple linear regression evaluated the relationship between physical activity at a time point three months after the completion of an exercise intervention and three main explanatory variables. Results. After controlling for baseline physical activity, neither self-efficacy for arthritis self-management nor outcome expectations for exercise related to three-month physical activity levels. There was a relationship between three-month physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity. Conclusions. Future research is needed to evaluate the ability of self-efficacy-enhancing programs to increase physical activity in adults with arthritis.
A novel evolving network model with widely weighted dynamics

It is well known that in Barrat-Barthélemy-Vespignani (BBV) model, the rearrangement of weights is local. In this paper, we present a novel weighted evolving network model that allows the flows to be widely updated. This model gives power-law distributions of degree, weight and strength, as confirmed in many real networks. Particularly, the exponents are nonuniversal and depend on a parameter that controls the total weight growth of the network. And it is shown that the droop-head and heavy-tail properties of these distributions, which are observed in many real-world networks, can be reflected by this new network model. It turns out that the strength highly correlates with the degree and displays scale-free property, which is in consistence with empirical evidence. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Acetylcholine Mediates the Estrogen-Induced Increase in NMDA Receptor Binding in CA1 of the Hippocampus and the Associated Improvement in Working Memory

Elevated levels of circulating estrogen in female rats result in increased spine and synapse density and parallel increases in NMDA receptor binding in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Estrogen also influences cholinergic neurochemistry in the basal forebrain and hippocampus. The objectives of the present study were to determine the role of acetylcholine in the estrogen-induced increase in NMDA receptor binding in CA1 of the hippocampus and to investigate the relationship between increased NMDA receptor binding in CA1 and performance on a task of working memory. In the current experiments, elevating endogenous levels of acetylcholine in ovariectomized rats by 3 d of continuous administration of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, increased NMDA receptor binding in CA1 as measured by quantitative autoradiography. This increase was comparable with the increase in NMDA receptor binding induced by injections of estradiol benzoate 72 and 48 hr before death. Additionally, the administration of 5,11-dihydro-8-chloro-11-[[4-[3-[(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopentyl)ethylamino]propyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one (BIBN 99), an M2 receptor antagonist, blocked the ability of both estrogen and physostigmine to increase NMDA receptor binding. The regimen of estradiol replacement that was demonstrated to increase NMDA receptor binding in CA1 of ovariectomized rats also improved arm-choice accuracy in a working memory task in an eight-arm radial maze. The estrogen-induced improvement in working memory performance was blocked by BIBN 99, which also blocked the increase in NMDA receptor binding. These results indicate that acetylcholine acts at M2 muscarinic receptors to mediate the estrogen-induced increase in NMDA receptor binding in CA1 of the hippocampus as well as the associated improvement in working memory.
A Proof System for a Simple Data-parallel Programming Language a Proof System for a Simple Data-parallel Programming Language a Proof System for a Simple Data-parallel Programming Language

We describe a small kernel language which encapsulates the semantic features of data-parallel control constructs as found in modern data-parallel languages. We give it a denotational semantics, and describe an assertional proof system in the style of Hoare's logic. Our contribution is to use two-part assertions , where the current extent of parallelism is speciied using a separate boolean vector expression. The applicability of the proof system is demonstrated through an example. Nous d ecrivons un langage minimal qui capture la s emantique des structures de contr^ ole des langages data-parall eles. Nous d eenissons une s emantique d enotationnelle, et nous d ecrivons un syst eme de preuve de programmes par assertions selon la m ethode axiomatique de Hoare. Notre syst eme se distingue par l'emploi d'assertions en deux parties, o u la port ee du parall elisme est sp ecii ee par une expression bool eenne vectorielle distincte. La mise en uvre du syst eme de preuve est illustr ee par un exemple. Mots-cl es: programmation parall ele ; sp eciication et validation de programmes ; s emantique des langages de programmation ; langages data-parall eles ; syst eme de preuve ; logique de Hoare. We describe a small kernel language which encapsulates the semantic features of data-parallel control constructs as found in modern data-parallel languages. We give it a denotational semantics, and describe an assertional proof system in the style of Hoare's logic. Our contribution is to use two-part assertions, where the current extent of par-allelism is speciied using a separate boolean vector expression. The applicability of the proof system is demonstrated through an example.