Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Classification of Test Case Prioritization Techniques

reduce the cost of regression testing and to maximize some objective function. Test cases are prioritized such that those test cases which are more important under some criteria are executed earlier in regression testing process. The various objective functions are applicable as a metric of how rapidly faults are discovered during the testing process like rate of fault detection. Therefore, prioritization techniques are effective when implemented for specific instances. In this paper, a novel classification for test case prioritization is made which may cover every concept or measure and contribute for improvement of regression testing process. General Terms Regression testing: Test suites are saved so that they can be reused after the evolution of the software. This reuse of test suite is called the regression testing.
An Integrative Review of Psychosocial Concerns Among Young African American Breast Cancer Survivors

Background: African American (AA) women are more likely to be given a diagnosis of breast cancer at an early age, experience morbidity after treatment, and exhibit disparities in survivorship. Although psychosocial well-being is largely studied among breast cancer survivors, data are sparse regarding young AA survivors. Objective: This integrative review examined psychosocial concerns in survivorship among young AA survivors using a quality-of-life framework. Methods: PubMed, CINHAL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Scopus were searched for articles exploring psychosocial well-being in young AA survivors. Results: The search yielded 237 articles that were retrieved and reviewed for relevance. Of these, 16 articles were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were evaluated and synthesized based on the quality-of-life model. Selected articles omitted the study of several psychological subconstructs and identified existing psychosocial concerns that require mitigation. Conclusions: The review revealed key areas of psychosocial concerns among young AA survivors including ongoing anxiety/depression, cognitive changes, and relationships. Identified gaps include paucity of research with young AA survivors and their residual psychosocial concerns. Implications for Practice: Review findings indicate a need to increase survivorship research on young AA survivors. Researchers, clinicians, and young AA survivors must partner in efforts to understand psychosocial concerns and translate findings into clinical practice (ie, use of psychosocial distress tools, distress de-escalation protocols, and individualized survivorship care plans) toward reduction of quality-of-life health disparities among young AA survivors.
The role of mitochondria in axon development and regeneration

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo transport, fission, and fusion. The three main functions of mitochondria are to generate ATP, buffer cytosolic calcium, and generate reactive oxygen species. A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondria are either primary targets for neurological disease states and nervous system injury, or are major contributors to the ensuing pathologies. However, the roles of mitochondria in the development and regeneration of axons have just begun to be elucidated. Advances in the understanding of the functional roles of mitochondria in neurons had been largely impeded by insufficient knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial transport, stalling, fission/fusion, and a paucity of approaches to image and analyze mitochondria in living axons at the level of the single mitochondrion. However, technical advances in the imaging and analysis of mitochondria in living neurons and significant insights into the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics have allowed the field to advance. Mitochondria have now been attributed important roles in the mechanism of axon extension, regeneration, and axon branching. The availability of new experimental tools is expected to rapidly increase our understanding of the functions of axonal mitochondria during both development and later regenerative attempts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 221–237, 2018
A Source Code Similarity System for Plagiarism Detection

Source code plagiarism is an easy to do task, but very difficult to detect without proper tool support. Various source code similarity detection systems have been developed to help detect source code plagiarism. Those systems need to recognize a number of lexical and structural source code modifications. For example, by some structural modifications (e.g. modification of control structures, modification of data structures or structural redesign of source code) the source code can be changed in such a way that it almost looks genuine. Most of the existing source code similarity detection systems can be confused when these structural modifications have been applied to the original source code. To be considered effective, a source code similarity detection system must address these issues. To address them, we designed and developed the source code similarity system for plagiarism detection. To demonstrate that the proposed system has the desired effectiveness, we performed a well-known conformism test. The proposed system showed promising results as compared with the JPlag system in detecting source code similarity when various lexical or structural modifications are applied to plagiarized code. As a confirmation of these results, an independent samples t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between average values of F-measures for the test sets that we used and for the experiments that we have done in the practically usable range of cut-off threshold values of 35–70%.
Relational memory and self-efficacy measures reveal distinct profiles of subjective memory concerns in older adults.

OBJECTIVE Subjective memory concerns (SMCs) in healthy older adults are associated with future decline and can indicate preclinical dementia. However, SMCs may be multiply determined, and often correlate with affective or psychosocial variables rather than with performance on memory tests. Our objective was to identify sensitive and selective methods to disentangle the underlying causes of SMCs. METHOD Because preclinical dementia pathology targets the hippocampus, we hypothesized that performance on hippocampally dependent relational memory tests would correlate with SMCs. We thus administered a series of memory tasks with varying dependence on relational memory processing to 91 older adults, along with questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, and memory self-efficacy. We used correlational, regression, and mediation analyses to compare the variance in SMCs accounted for by these measures. RESULTS Performance on the task most dependent on relational memory processing showed a stronger negative association with SMCs than did other memory performance metrics. SMCs were also negatively associated with memory self-efficacy. These 2 measures, along with age and education, accounted for 40% of the variance in SMCs. Self-efficacy and relational memory were uncorrelated and independent predictors of SMCs. Moreover, self-efficacy statistically mediated the relationship between SMCs and depression and anxiety, which can be detrimental to cognitive aging. CONCLUSIONS These data identify multiple mechanisms that can contribute to SMCs, and suggest that SMCs can both cause and be caused by age-related cognitive decline. Relational memory measures may be effective assays of objective memory difficulties, while assessing self-efficacy could identify detrimental affective responses to cognitive aging. (PsycINFO Database Record
Proteomic changes in the hypothalamus and retroperitoneal fat from male F344 rats subjected to repeated light–dark shifts

Chronic circadian desynchronization induced by repeated 12 h light–dark cycle shifts conducted twice weekly resulted in elevated food intake, body weight gain, and retroperitoneal fat mass in male F344 rats. Using a proteomic approach, we found that repeated light–dark shifts caused changes in expression levels of five hypothalamic (four upregulated) and 22 retroperitoneal fat (13 upregulated) 2‐DE protein spots. Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and in the citric acid cycle were upregulated, indicating a positive energy balance status. In addition, the hypothalamic gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase was upregulated, thus suggesting a connection between the brain GABAeric system and the modulation of food intake. Furthermore, the upregulation of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and the downregulation of 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein in the fat implicated the development of insulin resistance. We observed the upregulation of two antioxidant enzymes that might serve as protection against insulin dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. Finally, the downregulation of hypothalamic voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 1 and fat ATP synthase suggested a reduction in synthesis of mitochondrial ATP. These findings are in partial agreement with those of studies of obesity induced by genotype and a high‐fat diet.
GrammarViz 3.0

The problems of recurrent and anomalous pattern discovery in time series, e.g., motifs and discords, respectively, have received a lot of attention from researchers in the past decade. However, since the pattern search space is usually intractable, most existing detection algorithms require that the patterns have discriminative characteristics and have its length known in advance and provided as input, which is an unreasonable requirement for many real-world problems. In addition, patterns of similar structure, but of different lengths may co-exist in a time series. Addressing these issues, we have developed algorithms for variable-length time series pattern discovery that are based on symbolic discretization and grammar inference—two techniques whose combination enables the structured reduction of the search space and discovery of the candidate patterns in linear time. In this work, we present GrammarViz 3.0—a software package that provides implementations of proposed algorithms and graphical user interface for interactive variable-length time series pattern discovery. The current version of the software provides an alternative grammar inference algorithm that improves the time series motif discovery workflow, and introduces an experimental procedure for automated discretization parameter selection that builds upon the minimum cardinality maximum cover principle and aids the time series recurrent and anomalous pattern discovery.
Is the pathological regression level of metastatic lymph nodes associated with oncologic outcomes following preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer?

Purpose The oncologic impact of the lymph node (LN) regression level after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) has not been thoroughly evaluated. Hence, this study aimed to examine whether the regression level of metastatic LNs following PCRT is associated with oncologic outcomes in rectal cancer. Results The optimal number of cut points for LRG sum was determined to be three. The three LRG groups demonstrated different distributions according to the ypT and ypN stages (p < 0.001 for both). However, the distribution of the LRG groups was not associated with the TRG of the primary tumor (p = 0.527). The RFS significantly differed according to the LRG groups (p = 0.001). Moreover, the differences in RFS remained when the LRG groups were analyzed within each separate ypN stage. The LRG group was confirmed as a factor associated with RFS in the multivariate analysis (p=0.018), while the ypN stage was not (p=0.4). Patients and Methods We analyzed the outcomes of 142 rectal cancer patients diagnosed with ypN1 disease after PCRT followed by radical resection. The pathological responses of the primary tumor and LNs to PCRT were evaluated using the tumor regression grade (TRG) and LN regression grade (LRG), respectively. The impact of LRG on recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed. The K-adaptive partitioning for survival data method was applied to determine the optimal number of cut points for the LRG-sum and the optimal number of subgroups. Conclusion The LRG as an indicator of response to PCRT should be considered as a prognostic determinant in rectal cancer patients. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of moxifloxacin in treating Mycoplasma genitalium infection

Mycoplasma genitalium is an important pathogen that is transmitted through sexual contact. For patients diagnosed with M. genitalium infection, the current guidelines recommend 1 g of azithromycin as the first-line treatment. Moxifloxacin is used as a second-line drug due to its remarkable efficacy; however, increased use of moxifloxacin to treat M. genitalium infections has caused the emergence of cases of moxifloxacin treatment failure. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the treatment efficacy of moxifloxacin for M. genitalium infection. Electronic databases were searched for articles published from 1983 to the end of May 2016 using the following search terms: (Mycoplasma genitalium) AND (moxifloxacin OR 1-cyclopropyl–7-(2,8-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acid OR Proflox OR moxifloxacin hydrochloride OR Octegra OR Avelox OR Avalox OR Izilox OR Actira OR [treatment efficacy]). All included studies were published in English; all participants were diagnosed with M. genitalium infection, and microbial cure times were measured within 12 months after treatment. Treatment efficacy was measured as microbial cure at the final follow-up after treatment. In total, 17 studies including 252 participants met the inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies were observational. The random-effects pooled microbial cure rate was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90%–99%; I2 = 28.59%, P = 0.13). For studies with sample collection deadlines prior to 2010, the pooled microbial cure rate was 100% (95% CI, 99%–100%; I2 = 0.00%, P = 1.00). For studies with sample collection deadlines of 2010 and later, the pooled microbial cure rate was 89% (95% CI, 82%–94%; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.59). The elimination rate of moxifloxacin for M. genitalium infection has decreased from 100% to 89% since 2010. This decline merits considerable attention. We suggest close follow-up to investigate the efficacy of moxifloxacin for treating M. genitalium infections. Additionally, sentinel points should be established to detect mutations in the gyrA/B and parC/E genes, which are associated with moxifloxacin resistance.
Phenotype space and kinship assignment for the simpson index

We investigate the computatiollal st. ru cture of the biolog­ ical kinship assignment problem by abstracting a.wa. y aJJ biological de­ tails t hat are irrelevant to computation . The computational structure depends on ph enotype space, which we formally de fin e. Vie illustrat e this a pproach by e:xh ibit ing an approximatioll a lgorit hm fo r kill Ship assigument in t he case of the Simpson index with a l)riori error bound and runnin g t ime t hat is polynomial ill t he bit size of t he population, but exponentia l in phenotype space size. This a lgorithm is based on a rela. 'Xeu version of the assignment problem, where fr actional as. ') ign­ meuts (over the l'eals) a re permitted.
Novel R2R3-MYB transcription factors from Prunus americana regulate differential patterns of anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco and citrus

ABSTRACT The level of anthocyanins in plants vary widely among cultivars, developmental stages and environmental stimuli. Previous studies have reported that the expression of various MYBs regulate anthocyanin pigmentation during growth and development. Here we examine the activity of 3 novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) genes, PamMybA.1, PamMybA.3 and PamMybA.5 from Prunus americana. The anthocyanin accumulation patterns mediated by CaMV double35S promoter (db35Sp) controlled expression of the TFs in transgenic tobacco were compared with citrus-MoroMybA, Arabidopsis-AtMybA1 and grapevine-VvMybA1 transgenics during their entire growth cycles. The db35Sp-PamMybA.1 and db35Sp-PamMybA.5 constructs induced high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in both transformed tobacco calli and the regenerated plants. The red/purple color pigmentation induced in the PamMybA.1 and PamMybA.5 lines was not uniformly distributed, but appeared as patches in the leaves, whereas the flowers showed intense uniform pigmentation similar to the VvMybA1 expressing lines. MoroMybA and AtMybA1 showed more uniform pink coloration in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Plant morphology, anthocyanin content, seed viability, and transgene inheritance were examined for the PamMybA.5 transgenic plants and compared with the controls. We conclude that these TFs alone are sufficient for activating anthocyanin production in plants and may be used as visible reporter genes for plant transformation. Evaluating these TFs in a heterologous crop species such as citrus further validated that these genes can be useful for the metabolic engineering of anthocyanin production and cultivar enhancement.
Hydroxycarbamide in children with sickle cell anaemia after first‐dose vs. chronic therapy: pharmacokinetics and predictive models for drug exposure

The purposes of this work were to: (1) compare pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for hydroxycarbamide in children receiving their first dose (HCnew) vs. those receiving chronic therapy (HCchronic), (2) assess the external validity of a published PK dosing strategy, and (3) explore the accuracy of dosing strategies based on a limited number of HC measurements.
Smarter screen space shading

This dissertation introduces a range of new methods to produce images of virtual scenes in a matter of milliseconds. Imposing as few constraints as possible on the set of scenes that can be handled, e. g. , regarding geometric changes over time or lighting conditions, precludes precomputations and makes this a particularly difficult problem. We first present a general approach, called deep screen space, using which a variety of light transport aspects can be simulated within the aforementioned setting. This approach is then further extended to additionally handle scenes containing participating media like clouds. We also show how to improve the correctness of deep screen space and related algorithms by accounting for mutual visibility of points in a scene. After that, we take a completely different point of view on image generation using a learning-based approach to approximate a rendering function. We show that neural networks can hallucinate shading effects which otherwise have to be computed using costly analytic computations. Finally, we contribute a holistic framework to deal with phosphorescent materials in computer graphics, covering all aspects from acquisition of real materials, to easy editing, to image synthesis.
Gastric Emptying Is More Rapid in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Impacts on Postprandial Glycemia.

CONTEXT Gastric emptying is a critical determinant of postprandial glycemic control in health and type 1 diabetes. There are few studies that assess the relationship between gastric emptying and postprandial glycaemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to quantify gastric emptying in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and examine its relationship to postprandial glycaemia and autonomic function. DESIGN This was a case-control study. Gastric half-emptying time of a solid meal was measured by a (13)C-octanoate breath test. Cardio-autonomic function was measured by heart rate variability. Chronic and postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire and visual analog scales. Blood glucose concentrations were monitored frequently during the study. SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in South Australia. PARTICIPANTS Thirty adolescents (aged 15 ± 2.5 y) with type 1 diabetes and age- and sex-matched controls (gastric emptying, n = 20; heart rate variability, n = 135) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME Gastric half-emptying time was the main outcome in the study. RESULTS Gastric emptying was more rapid in subjects with type 1 diabetes than controls [median half emptying time 78 (interquartile range 61-99) vs 109 (interquartile range 71-124) min, P = . 02]. The postprandial rise in blood glucose at 60 minutes was strongly related to gastric half-emptying time (R = -0.65, P = .0001). Gastric emptying was slower in subjects with fasting hyperglycemia but was not related to heart rate variability. Nausea, bloating, and anxiety were related to fasting glycemia (P = .03). CONCLUSION Rapid gastric emptying is a major determinant of postprandial glycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This observation has significant implications for therapy.
Clinical Development of PD-1 in Advanced Melanoma

Abstract The development of new treatment options has dramatically improved the landscape for patients with advanced melanoma. Part of these advances emerged through the identification of the importance of factors that regulate the immune system, including proteins that negatively modulate T cell–mediated responses termed “immune checkpoints. ” Indeed, blockade of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint served as a proof of principle that the manipulation of these molecules could induce robust anticancer effects, yet limited to a small percentage of patients. Targeting a distinct checkpoint, the PD-1 yielded improved outcomes and reduced toxicity compared with CTLA-4 blockade and, in separate studies, chemotherapy. More recently, combined CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade was shown to result in higher response rates, while accompanied by increased toxicity. In this article, we review the clinical development of anti–PD-1 monotherapy and combinations that may expand the benefit of immunotherapy for patients with advanced melanoma.
Suppression by Selecting Wavelets for Feature Compression in Distributed Speech Recognition

Distributed speech recognition (DSR) splits the processing of data between a mobile device and a network server. In the front-end, features are extracted and compressed to transmit over a wireless channel to a back-end server, where the incoming stream is received and reconstructed for recognition tasks. In this paper, we propose a feature compression algorithm termed suppression by selecting wavelets (SSW) to achieve the two main goals of DSR: Minimizing memory and device requirements while also maintaining or even improving the recognition performance. The SSW approach first applies the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to filter the incoming speech feature sequence into two temporal subsequences at the client terminal. Feature compression is achieved by keeping the low (modulation) frequency subsequence while discarding the high frequency counterpart. The low-frequency subsequence is then transmitted across the remote network for specific feature statistics normalization. Wavelets are favorable for resolving the temporal properties of the feature sequence, and the down-sampling process in DWT achieves data compression by reducing the amount of data at the terminal prior to transmission across the network. Once the compressed features have arrived at the server, the feature sequence can be enhanced by statistics normalization, reconstructed with inverse DWT, and compensated with a simple post filter to alleviate any over-smoothing effects from the compression stage. Results on a standard robustness task (Aurora-4) and on a Mandarin Chinese news corpus showed SSW outperforms conventional noise-robustness techniques while also providing nearly a 50% compression rate during the transmission stage of DSR systems.