Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the Endogenous Ca 2 Buffers at the Presynaptic Terminals of the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction

Lin, Jen-Wei, Qinghao Fu, and Tariq Allana. Probing the endogenous Ca buffers at the presynaptic terminals of the crayfish neuromuscular junction. J Neurophysiol 94: 377–386, 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.00617. 2004. Ca indicators of varying affinity and mobility were pressure injected into the presynaptic axon of the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Fluorescence transients recorded at a 2-kHz resolution were used to probe physiological parameters governing the decay of fluorescence transients within 100 ms after an action potential (early decay). Blocking Ca extrusion or Ca sequestration processes did not significantly alter early decay, arguing against a role for either mechanism. Fluorescence transients recorded with low mobility or fixed indicators exhibited early decay similar to that recorded with indicators of comparable affinity but high mobility, suggesting that early decay was not due to the rate of Ca -indicator diffusion. The extent of early decay correlated closely with the affinity, but not mobility, of the Ca sensitive dyes tested. These results implicate intrinsic buffers with slow Ca binding kinetics as the most likely determinants of early decay. However, computer simulations showed that intrinsic buffers with a slow binding rate are unlikely to be the only ones present in the system because the slow kinetics would be unable to buffer incoming Ca during an action potential and would result in momentary indicator saturation. In fact, experimental data show that the peak amplitude of an action potential activated Ca transient is about 20% of the maximal fluorescence intensity activated by prolonged Ca influx. We conclude that endogenous buffering at the crayfish NMJ includes both fast and slow components, the former being fast enough to compete with fast Ca indicators, and the latter dictating the early decay.
Prognostic Value of Microvascular Damage Determined by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Non ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Comparison Between First-Pass and Late Gadolinium-Enhanced Images

Objectives:To compare 2 cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques for the evaluation of the prognostic significance of microvascular damage after non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Materials and Methods:CMR was performed at 3T in 61 patients within the week following their first NSTEMI. A first-pass saturation-recovery gradient-echo perfusion sequence was started during the infusion of contrast material to evaluate the extent of microvascular obstruction (MO) during the first 2 minutes after injection (MO(<2min)) and between 3 and 5 minutes thereafter (MO(3min), MO(4min), MO(5min)). Ten minutes after injection, late gadolinium-enhanced images were obtained using a phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence to assess persistent MO (PMO) and infarct size. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were collected at 1-year follow-up. Results:MO(<2min) and PMO were found in 28 of 61 and 17 of 61 patients, respectively. About 15 patients had MACE at 1 year, including 4 cardiac deaths. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07, P = 0.020), infarct size (OR, 1.08, P = 0.020), multivessel disease (OR, 5.08, P = 0.011), end diastolic volume (OR, 1.04, P = 0.003), end systolic volume (OR, 1.03, P = 0.010), MO from <2 to 5 minutes postinjection (P < 0.05) and PMO (OR, 18.33, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the outcome. In multivariate analysis, only PMO remained an independent predictor of MACE. Conclusion:Microvascular damage assessed by CMR is associated with a dramatically higher risk of cardiovascular events in NSTEMI patients. Moreover, our data suggest that PMO as assessed on late gadolinium-enhanced images might have a higher prognostic value than MO evaluated on first-pass images.
Sociological theories of subjective well-being

textabstractSubjective well-being is no great issue in sociology; the subject is not mentioned in sociological textbooks (a notable exception is Nolan & Lenski, 2004) and is rarely discussed in sociological journals. This absence has many reasons: pragmatic, ideological, and theoretical. To begin with pragmatic reasons: Sociologists are more interested in what people do than in how they feel. Their main objective is to explain social behavior, and subjective well-being is, at best, a variable in that context. A related point is that sociology is about collectivities, whereas subjective well-being is an individual-level concept. A further pragmatic reason is that sociologists earn their living dealing with social problems. So, if they look at well-being at all, they focus on "ill-being" in the first place. Next there are ideo-logical reasons. Many sociologists are committed to notions of objective well-being, such as social equality and social cohesion. They are therefore not eager to investigate how people actually feel in such conditions and often ignore research results that contradict their favored views. When people appear to feel subjectively good in conditions deemed to be objectively bad, the discrepancy is easily disposed of as "desirability bias" or "false consciousness. " Lastly, there are theoretical reasons. As we will see below, sociologists tend to think of subjective well-being as a mere idea that depends on social comparison with variable standards and that is therefore a whimsical state of mind, not worth pursuing and hence not worth studying. Nevertheless, the subject of subjective well-being is not entirely absent in sociology. Job satisfaction is a common topic in the sociology of work, marital satisfaction is a well-known variable in the sociology of family, and life satisfaction is a regular theme in the sociology of aging. Recently subjective well-being has also become a theme in comparative sociology and in social indicators research. I have reviewed this sociological literature elsewhere (Veenhoven, 2006a).
Transient leukemia in newborns with Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 10‐ to 20‐fold increased risk of developing leukemia, particularly acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Newborns with DS or trisomy 21 mosaicism may exhibit a particularly unique form of leukemia that historically has been associated with a high rate of spontaneous remission. This transient leukemia (TL) has been shown to be a clonal proliferation of blast cells exhibiting megakaryocytic features. Its true incidence remains to be determined. At presentation, many infants are clinically well with only an incidental finding of abnormal blood counts and circulating blasts in the peripheral blood. However, in approximately 20% of cases, the disease is severe and life‐threatening, manifesting as hydrops faetalis, multiple effusions, and liver or multi‐organ system failure resulting in death. Of those children who enter a spontaneous remission, 13–33% have been found to develop subsequent acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, usually within the first 3 years of life, which if left untreated is fatal. This unique TL of the DS newborn has been the subject of recent clinical cooperative group trials as well as many biological and genetic research efforts. We summarize here the known clinical, biological, and cytogenetic features of TL associated with DS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:29–32. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The lived experience of teaching mindfully in tertiary education. A hermeneutic phenomenological study

This study explores the lived experience of teaching mindfully, as shared in the stories of tertiary teachers from two universities in Auckland, New Zealand. The project was informed by the hermeneutic phenomenological writings of Heidegger and Gadamer. This methodology was chosen in order to uncover potentially taken for granted and hidden meanings; and because it has resonance with teaching mindfully, the phenomenon under investigation. Seven participants, four women and three men, from mindfulness special interest groups in tertiary education and health-related contexts were purposively recruited. The participants were already bringing their own informal mindfulness practice from various backgrounds into their teaching; their experience with mindfulness practice ranged from two to 42 years. Research information was gathered through in-depth conversational interviews which focused on specific everyday experiences of, and participants’ own reflections on, the phenomenon of teaching mindfully. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim by the researcher. Distinct anecdotes, which became the research text, were identified from the transcripts. Interpretive data analysis was guided by a parallel process of dwelling deeply with participants’ stories, alongside readings of Heidegger, Gadamer and van Manen, and through the researcher’s own mindfulness meditation practice, at times via the emergence of poetry. The interpretive findings in this project revealed three main themes of meaning. Teaching mindfully showed as reflectively attending to ‘noticing’, ‘being open’, and ‘being caring’ within the educational relationship with students and with the teachers themselves. The subthemes were that teachers responded to ‘what is needed’ in the teaching context, that teaching mindfully is a multidimensional relational practice, and that teaching mindfully supported teachers to grow into ‘authenticity’. While most of the multiple layers of meaning of teaching mindfully point to it being a positive relational education experience, the challenge of turning towards, and working with, students’ and teachers’ own emotional vulnerability during teaching are also evident. The conclusion of this research is that a teacher’s own informal mindfulness practice may assist in developing a relational approach to tertiary teaching and that the meaning of teaching mindfully in its depth, multidimensionality, and relationality is hidden from external observation and can only be known from within in a teacher’s own everyday practice.
Profile and Life Span of the PKK Guerillas

This study attempts to explore the span of a life in a specific terrorist organization, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It suggests the following: The average lifespan of a person in the PKK is about two-and-a-half years (i.e., not a very long one). Females join the PKK at a younger age (about 1.4 years) and die at a younger age (about 1.4 years) compared to males, but their lifespan is not any different than that of males. The age at which a PKK member joins the organization, and the age at which (s)he dies varies by year. The age at which a PKK member joins the organization, and the age at which (s)he dies varies by where (s)he comes from. Still, another interesting observation is that the average lifespan of a PKK member varies by where (s)he comes from.
Representing Control: a Study of the CPS Transformation

This paper investigates the transformation of λν-terms into continuation-passing style (CPS). We show that by appropriate η-expansion of Fisher and Plotkin's two-pass equational specification of the CPS transform, we can obtain a static and context-free separation of the result terms into “essential” and “administrative” constructs. Interpreting the former as syntax builders and the latter as directly executable code, We obtain a simple and efficient one-pass transformation algorithm, easily extended to conditional expressions, recursive definitions, and similar constructs. This new transformation algorithm leads to a simpler proof of Plotkin's simulation and indifference results. We go on to show how CPS-based control operators similar to, more general then, Scheme's call/cc can be naturally accommodated by the new transformation algorithm. To demonstrate the expressive power of these operators, we use them to present an equivalent but even more concise formulation of the efficient CPS transformation algorithm. Finally, we relate the fundamental ideas underlying this derivation to similar concepts from other work on program manipulation; we derive a one-pass CPS transformation of λn-terms; and we outline some promising areas for future research.
An institution-wide handoff task force to standardise and improve physician handoffs

Background Transfers of care have become increasingly frequent and complex with shorter inpatient stays and changes in work hour regulations. Potential hazards exist with transfers. There are few reports of institution-wide efforts to improve handoffs. Methods An institution-wide physician handoff task force was developed to proactively address issues surrounding handoffs and to ensure a consistent approach to handoffs across the institution. Results This report discusses the authors' experiences with handoff standardisation, provider utilisation of a new electronic medical record-based handoff tool, and implementation of an educational curriculum; future work in developing hospital-wide policies and procedures for transfers; and the authors' consensus on the best methods for monitoring and evaluation of trainee handoffs. Conclusion The handoff task force infrastructure has enabled the authors to take an institution-wide approach to improving handoffs. The task force has improved patient care by addressing handoffs systematically and consistently and has helped create new strategies for minimising risk in handoffs.
Retinotopic Axis Specificity and Selective Clustering of Feedback Projections from V2 to V1 in the Owl Monkey

Cortical maps and feedback connections are ubiquitous features of the visual cerebral cortex. The role of the feedback connections, however, is unclear. This study was aimed at revealing possible organizational relationships between the feedback projections from area V2 and the functional maps of orientation and retinotopy in area V1. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals was combined with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry and connectional anatomy in owl monkeys. Tracer injections were administered at orientation-selective domains in regions of pale and thick cytochrome oxidase stripes adjacent to the border between these stripes. The feedback projections from V2 were found to be more diffuse than the intrinsic horizontal connections within V1, but they nevertheless demonstrated clustering. The clusters of feedback axons projected preferentially to interblob cytochrome oxidase regions. The distribution of preferred orientations of the recipient domains in V1 was broad but appeared biased toward values similar to the preferred orientation of the projecting cells in V2. The global spatial distribution of the feedback projections in V1 was anisotropic. The major axis of anisotropy was systematically parallel to a retinotopic axis in V1 corresponding to the preferred orientation of the cells of origin in V2. We conclude that the feedback connections from V2 to V1 might play a role in enhancing the response in V1 to collinear contour elements.
Effects of Writing About Traumatic Experiences: The Necessity for Narrative Structuring

Abstract Although writing about traumatic events has been shown to produce a variety of health benefits, little is known about how writing produces benefits. The degree to which individuals form narrative structure when writing may predict health improvements. This study manipulated narrative formation during writing to test if narrative structure is necessary for writing to be beneficial. A total of 116 healthy students were randomly assigned to write about control topics or about their thoughts and feelings regarding the most traumatic event of their life in one of two ways: list in an fragmented format or construct a narrative. Individuals asked to form a narrative reported less restriction of activity because of illness and showed higher avoidant thinking than the other groups. The fragmented writing group did not differ from controls on any measure. These data (a) demonstrate that instructions to form a narrative produce a different response to writing than instructions to form fragmented and control.
The experiences of accession 8 migrants in England : motivations, work and agency

Drawing on a recently completed qualitative study in a northern English city, this paper explores motivations and experiences of Accession 8 (A8) migrants who have entered the United Kingdom following the expansion of the European Union in 2004. The paper considers commonalities and differences among the group of migrants routinely referred to as A8 migrant workers/labourers. Diversity is apparent in three particular respects: first, the motivations and forms of movement undertaken; second, their experiences of work within the UK paid labour market; and third, the extent to which the act and experience of migration offers new individual and collective opportunities and potentially opens up spaces for people to negotiate structural constraints and reconfigure aspects of their identity.
Questioning the dichotomy between vegetative state and minimally conscious state: a review of the statistical evidence

Given the enormous consequences that the diagnosis of vegetative state (VS) vs. minimally conscious state (MCS) may have for the treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness, it is particularly important to empirically legitimate the distinction between these two discrete levels of consciousness. Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to review all the articles reporting statistical evidence concerning the performance of patients in VS vs. patients in MCS, on behavioral or neurophysiological measures. Twenty-three articles matched these inclusion criteria, and comprised behavioral, electroencephalographic (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. The analysis of these articles yielded 47 different statistical findings. More than half of these findings (n = 24) did not reveal any statistically significant difference between VS and MCS. Overall, there was no combination of variables that allowed reliably discriminating between VS and MCS. This pattern of results casts doubt on the empirical validity of the distinction between VS and MCS.
Injuries and musculoskeletal pain among Norwegian group fitness instructors

Abstract Objective: To examine the prevalence and factors associated with instruction-related injuries and musculoskeletal pain among group fitness instructors. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Settings: Online survey. Participants: Group fitness instructors from three fitness centre companies in Norway (n = 1473). Assessment of independent variables: questions regarding duration of working as a group fitness instructor, weekly instruction and exercise loading and modality, instruction-related injuries, musculoskeletal pain, use of alcohol, tobacco, snuff, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating (Eating Disorder Inventory, EDI). The respondents were divided into high instruction loading (HIL), ≥5 h/w with instruction; and low instruction loading (LIL), <5 h/w with instruction). Results: The response rate was 57% (n = 837). Mean total loading (instruction and exercise) was 11.8 h/w and 6.3 h/w in the HIL and LIL groups (p < .001), respectively. The prevalence of acute (9% vs. 6%, p < .05), overuse (38% vs. 24%, p < .001) and both acute and overuse injuries (25% vs. 10%, p < .001) was higher in the HIL than in the LIL group (OR: 3.9, CI: 2.7, 5.5). The most prevalent injury locations were ankle and lower leg. The most frequent location for musculoskeletal pain was the shoulder/neck region. Factors associated with injury were instruction loading (h/w), years working as an instructor and EDI score. A high total EDI score predicted musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The high prevalence of injuries and musculoskeletal pain suggests a need for prevention strategies in the fitness industry. There is a need for limits regarding weekly instruction loading, especially for classes with high metabolic and/or mechanical loading.
Evidence Gaps in the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treating Chronic Spine Conditions

Study Design. A review of literature. Objective. The aim of this study was to define and explore the current evidence gaps in the use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for treating chronic spine conditions. Summary of Background Data. Although over the last 40 years SCS therapy has undergone significant technological advancements, evidence gaps still exist. Methods. A literature review was conducted to define current evidence gaps for the use of SCS. Areas of focus included 1) treatment of cervical spine conditions, 2) treatment of lumbar spine conditions, 3) technological advancement and device selection, 4) appropriate patient selection, 5) the ability to curb pharmacological treatment, and 6) methods to prolong efficacy over time. New SCS strategies using advanced waveforms are explored. Results. The efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of traditional SCS for chronic pain conditions are well-established. Evidence gaps do exist. Recently, advancement in waveforms and programming parameters have allowed for paresthesia-reduced/free stimulation that in specific clinical areas may improve clinical outcomes. New waveforms such as 10-kHz high-frequency have resulted in an improvement in back coverage. To date, clinical efficacy data are more prevalent for the treatment of painful conditions originating from the lumbar spine in comparison to the cervical spine. Conclusion. Evidence gaps still exist that require appropriate study designs with long-term follow-up to better define and improve the use of this therapy for the treatment of chronic spine pain in both the cervical and lumbar regions. Level of Evidence: N/A
THE INFLUENCE OF ATTENTIONAL CONTROL ON HEMISPHERIC PROCESSING OF PREDICTIVE INFERENCES

This study investigates the effects of attentional control on the hemispheric processing of predictive inferences during reading. Participants read texts that were either strongly or weakly constrained towards a predictive inference and performed a lexical decision task to inference-related target words presented to the right or left visual field— hemisphere. Facilitation for strongly constrained predictive inferences was greater than facilitation for weakly constrained predictive inferences in both hemispheres. Readers with high attentional control showed significant facilitation for strongly constrained inferences in the both hemispheres, but only showed significant facilitation for weakly constrained inferences in the left hemisphere. Readers with low attentional control did not show significant facilitation in any of the conditions. These results suggest that readers with high attentional control may have an advantage for generating predictive inferences during reading, a skill which could contribute to improved situation model construction and comprehension compared to readers with low attentional control. Running Head: PREDICTIVE INFERENCES AND ATTENTIONAL CONTROL 3
Memorable Messages and Newcomer Socialization on Campus: Messages About Body Image Among Student Athletes, Sorority Members, and Freshmen

College females report greater body dissatisfaction than in high school, and a majority of college women report engaging in occasional to regular extreme measures of weight control. The college campus is an important agent for organizational socialization, and messages received during these times may foster internalized and lasting effects on body perceptions. Thus, this study employs the concept of memorable messages to examine how messages received by members of three distinct sociocultural groups (student athletes, freshmen, and sorority females) impact perceptions of body image. It was found that memorable messages received at these critical junctures share thematic similarity but significantly differ in the context of being received. The current study analyzed the content of the memorable messages as well as their sources and context.