Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene-expression profiles and their association with drug resistance in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES From 20-50% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are primarily resistant to induction chemotherapy. It has previously been shown that resistance to the first cycle of induction chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor. We investigated whether resistance to chemotherapy be represented by gene-expression profiles, and which genes are associated with resistance. DESIGN AND METHODS cDNA microarrays containing approximately 41,000 features were used to compare the gene-expression profile of AML blasts between 33 patients with good or poor response to induction chemotherapy. Data generated by cDNA-arrays were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Using significance analysis of microarrays, we identified a characteristic gene-expression profile which distinguished AML samples from patients with good or poor responses. In hierarchical clustering analysis poor responders clustered together with normal CD34+ cells. Moreover, 13/40 (32.5%) genes highly expressed in poor responders are also overexpressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Prediction analysis using 10-fold cross-validation revealed an 80% overall accuracy. Using the treatment-response signature to predict the outcome in an independent test set of 104 AML patients, samples were separated into two subgroups with significantly inferior response rate (43.5% vs. 66.7%, p=0.04), significantly shorter event-free and overall survival (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively) in the poor-response compared to in the good-response signature group. In multivariate analysis, the treatment-response signature was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.6, p=0.006). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Resistance to chemotherapy in AML can be identified by gene-expression profiling before treatment and seems to be mediated by a transcriptional program active in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
Effects of administration of industrial tannins on nutrient excretion parameters during naturally acquired mixed nematode infections in Moghani sheep

Tannins are one of the secondary metabolites of plants that tend to combine with protein and reduce parasitic properties in livestock and veterinary industry. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of different levels of Quebracho Condensed Tannins (QCT) on Crude protein (CP) and other excretion parameters during naturally acquired mixed nematode infections in Moghani sheep. Twenty ewes (6-12 months years-old) with average body weight (26.5 ± 3.5 kg) were selected randomly and divided into four experimental groups: Control, A, B and C (were given 0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g/kg body weight QCT, respectively) in summer 2010. In order to reduce the undesirable effects of tannins, it was used as a single oral dose drenches. Faecal samples were taken at 24 and 48 hour after treatment. Our result showed that protein excretion has a significant difference in all treatment groups compare to control group after 24 hours from drenching (P 0.05). Our results indicate that high levels of tannins intake were decreased protein excretion and increased retention of nitrogen in animal body. (Majid ChaichiSemsari, Naser MaheriSis, Mohammad Sadaghian, Behrad Eshratkhah, Shahin Hassanpour . Effects of administration of industrial tannins on nutrient excretion parameters during naturally acquired mixed nematode infections in Moghani sheep. Journal of American Science 2011;7(6):245-248). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org .
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor–dependent Transcriptional Activation in Embryonic Stem Cells

STAT transcription factors are induced by a number of growth factors and cytokines. Within minutes of induction, the STAT proteins are phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine residues and translocated to the nucleus, where they bind to their DNA targets. The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mediates pleiotropic and sometimes opposite effects both in vivo and in cultured cells. It is known, for example, to prevent differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. To get insights into LIF-regulated signaling in ES cells, we have analyzed protein-binding and transcriptional properties of STAT recognition sites in ES cells cultivated in the presence and in the absence of LIF. We have detected a specific LIF-regulated DNA-binding activity implicating the STAT3 protein. We show that STAT3 phosphorylation is essential for this LIF-dependent DNA-binding activity. The possibility that ERK2 or a closely related protein kinase, whose activity is modulated in a LIF-dependent manner, contributes to this phosphorylation is discussed. Finally, we show that the multimerized STAT3-binding DNA element confers LIF responsiveness to a minimal thymidine kinase promoter. This, together with our observation that overexpression of STAT3 dominant-negative mutants abrogates this LIF responsiveness, clearly indicates that STAT3 is involved in LIF-regulated transcriptional events in ES cells. Finally, stable expression of such a dominant negative mutant of STAT3 induces morphological differentiation of ES cells despite continuous LIF supply. Our results suggest that STAT3 is a critical target of the LIF signaling pathway, which maintains pluripotent cell proliferation.
In Vitro Biosynthesis and Chemical Identification of UDP-N-acetyl-d-quinovosamine (UDP-d-QuiNAc)*

Background: d-QuiNAc is found in many important bacteria, but its biosynthesis has not been defined. Results: UDP-d-QuiNAc was synthesized in vitro from UDP-d-GlcNAc in reactions catalyzed by two cloned enzymes. Conclusion: R. etli CE3 protein WreQ has UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-4-hexulose 4-reductase activity. Significance: The defined pathway for UDP-d-QuiNAc biosynthesis provides this compound for in vitro biosynthetic studies and predicts organisms that contain d-QuiNAc. N-acetyl-d-quinovosamine (2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, QuiNAc) occurs in the polysaccharide structures of many Gram-negative bacteria. In the biosynthesis of QuiNAc-containing polysaccharides, UDP-QuiNAc is the hypothetical donor of the QuiNAc residue. Biosynthesis of UDP-QuiNAc has been proposed to occur by 4,6-dehydration of UDP-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-4-hexulose followed by reduction of this 4-keto intermediate to UDP-QuiNAc. Several specific dehydratases are known to catalyze the first proposed step. A specific reductase for the last step has not been demonstrated in vitro, but previous mutant analysis suggested that Rhizobium etli gene wreQ might encode this reductase. Therefore, this gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the resulting His6-tagged WreQ protein was purified. It was tested for 4-reductase activity by adding it and NAD(P)H to reaction mixtures in which 4,6-dehydratase WbpM had acted on the precursor substrate UDP-GlcNAc. Thin layer chromatography of the nucleotide sugars in the mixture at various stages of the reaction showed that WbpM converted UDP-GlcNAc completely to what was shown to be its 4-keto-6-deoxy derivative by NMR and that addition of WreQ and NADH led to formation of a third compound. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of acid hydrolysates of the final reaction mixture showed that a quinovosamine moiety had been synthesized after WreQ addition. The two-step reaction progress also was monitored in real time by NMR. The final UDP-sugar product after WreQ addition was purified and determined to be UDP-d-QuiNAc by one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments. These results confirmed that WreQ has UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-4-hexulose 4-reductase activity, completing a pathway for UDP-d-QuiNAc synthesis in vitro.
Please Scroll down for Article International Journal of Geographical Information Science Thematic Accuracy Assessment of Geographic Object-based Image Classification Thematic Accuracy Assessment of Geographic Object-based Image Classification

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Geographic object-based image analysis is an image-processing method where groups of spatially adjacent pixels are classified as if they were behaving as a whole unit. This approach raises concerns about the way subsequent validation studies must be conducted. Indeed, classical point-based sampling strategies based on the spatial distribution of sample points (using systematic, probabilistic or stratified probabilistic sampling) do not rely on the same concept of objects and may prove to be less appropriate than the methods explicitly built on the concept of objects used for the classification step. In this study, an original object-based sampling strategy is compared with other approaches used in the literature for the thematic accuracy assessment of object-based classifications. The new sampling scheme and sample analysis are founded on a sound theoretical framework based on few working hypotheses. The performance of the sampling strategies is quantified using simulated object-based classifications results of a Quickbird imagery. The bias and the variance of the overall accuracy estimates were used as indicators of the method's benefits. The main advantage of the object-based predictor of the overall accuracy is its performance: for a given confidence interval, it requires fewer sampling units than the other methods. In many cases, this can help to noticeably reduce the sampling effort. Beyond the efficiency, more conceptual differences between point-based and object-based samplings are discussed. First, geolocation errors do not influence the object-based thematic accuracy as they do for point-based accuracy. These errors need to be addressed independently to provide the geolocation precision. Second, the response design is more complex in object-based accuracy assessment. This is interesting for complex classes but might be an issue in case of large segmentation errors. Finally, there is a larger likelihood to reach …
Index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (pufa) in primary dentition of children from north-east Poland.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and experience of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in primary dentition in 5 and 7 year-old children from north-east Poland and to find whether there is a correlation between dmft and pufa indices. MATERIAL/METHODS Two hundred fifteen children aged 5 and 7 years living in the Podlaskie region were examined in the course of the Polish National Oral Health Survey 2011. Caries prevalence and experience in primary dentition was evaluated according to WHO criteria (dmft index). The clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were assessed by pufa index. RESULTS The dmft index was 5.56 ± 4.45 in 5-years-old children and 6.69 ± 3.14 in 7-years-olds. The prevalence/experience of pufa index was 43.4%/2.20 ± 3.43 and 72.4%/2.44 ± 2.22, respectively. Children living in rural areas presented a worse dental condition. A statistical analysis revealed a strong relation between dmft and pufa in both age groups. CONCLUSION The present study revealed negligence in the dental treatment of children from north-east Poland resulting in the high prevalence and experience of the pufa index in primary dentition. This index is a valuable measurement tool to record the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.
The H II Regions of the Damped Lyman α Absorber SBS

We report new imaging and spectroscopic observations of the damped Lyα (DLA) galaxy SBS 1543+593, a nearby dwarf galaxy whose stellar disk is intersected by the sightline to the bright background QSO HS 1543+5921. Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations with WFPC2 in the F450W and F702W bands are used to measure the DLA galaxy’s properties and compile a catalog of its (candidate) H II regions. Ground-based long-slit spectroscopy of the brightest H II region in the galaxy yields estimates of the star formation rate (SFR) and of chemical abundances in the galaxy’s interstellar medium. We find that SBS 1543+593 exhibits a SFR ≈ 0.006 h 70 M⊙ yr, or a SFR per unit area of ≈ 1.4 × 10 h 70 M⊙ yr kpc. We derive gas-phase abundances in the ionized gas of 12 + log (O/H) = 8.2 ± 0.2, which is about 1/3 of the solar value, and log (N/O) = −1.40 −0.3. These values are consistent with the morphologial appearance of SBS 1543+593, an Sm dwarf of MB − 5 log h70 = −16.8 ± 0.2 and of intermediate surface brightness. SBS 1543+593 is the first bona fide Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198904 St. Petersburg, Russia
Examining the Link Between Prison Crowding and Inmate Misconduct: Evidence from Prison-Level Panel Data

Abstract Despite the persistent belief that overcrowding in prisons increases inmate violence and misconduct, empirical research on the impact of crowding on misconduct has generated mixed findings. These inconsistencies may be due to methodological limitations, particularly the use of cross-sectional analyses and possible confounding effects of unobserved prison characteristics. Based on contemporary panel data from the Pennsylvania state prison system, the current study uses fixed effects methods to estimate this elusive relationship. Findings demonstrate that crowded prisons can lead to increases in misconducts, although this relationship diminishes as crowding worsens. However, our results do not provide strong support for the expected relationship between crowding and violent misconduct specifically. Our analyses further suggest that the observed effects of crowding are largely due to the opening and closing of correctional facilities, which created large variation in crowding among the remaining facilities. Policy implications and future directions are discussed.
The Influence of Guided Inquiry-Based Outdoor Learning on the Concept Mastery of Thematic Learning by Fourth-Grade Students at Primary School

This research aims to know the effect of Guided Inquiry-Based Outdoor Learning on the concept mastery of thematic learning by fourth-grade students at Primary School. This research type is a quasi-experimental research. This research was conducted by categorizing experimental groups through Guided Inquiry-Based Outdoor Learning model and control groups through conventional learning model. In this research, the population was all the fourth-grade students (40 students) at Public Primary School Bratan I No. 72 Surakarta in academic year of 2017/2018. The sample determination was done through cluster random sampling. The techniques of data collection were tests and observations. The techniques of data analysis were descriptive statistics and t-test. The calculation result shows that t result is 4.144 with the significance level at less than 0.05 i.e., 0.000. Thus, it can be concluded that the learning with Guided Inquiry-Based Outdoor Learning model influences the concept mastery of thematic learning by fourth-grade students.
Community‐based health insurance in developing countries: a study of its contribution to the performance of health financing systems

We studied the potential of community‐based health insurance (CHI) to contribute to the performance of health financing systems. The international empirical evidence is analysed on the basis of the three health financing subfunctions as outlined in the World Health Report 2000: revenue collection, pooling of resources and purchasing of services. The evidence indicates that achievements of CHI in each of these subfunctions so far have been modest, although many CHI schemes still are relatively young and would need more time to develop. We present an overview of the main factors influencing the performance of CHI on these financing subfunctions and discuss a set of proposals to increase CHI performance. The proposals pertain to the demand for and the supply of health care in the community; to the technical, managerial and institutional set‐up of CHI; and to the rational use of subsidies.
Constant mean curvature surfaces in sub-Riemannian geometry

We investigate the minimal and isoperimetric surface problems in a large class of sub-Riemannian manifolds, the so-called Vertically Rigid spaces. We construct an adapted connection for such spaces and, using the variational tools of Bryant, Griffiths and Grossman, derive succinct forms of the Euler-Lagrange equations for critical points for the associated variational problems. Using the Euler-Lagrange equations, we show that minimal and isoperimetric surfaces satisfy a constant horizontal mean curvature conditions away from characteristic points. Moreover, we use the formalism to construct a horizontal second fundamental form, $II_0$, for vertically rigid spaces and, as a first application, use $II_0$ to show that minimal surfaces cannot have points of horizontal positive curvature and, that minimal surfaces in Carnot groups cannot be locally horizontally geometrically convex. We note that the convexity condition is distinct from others currently in the literature.
Can a building social capital intervention improve the mental health of international students? A non-randomized quasi-experimental study

Many empirical studies related to social capital have established that there is a relationship between social capital and mental health. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate interventions designed to improve the level of social capital and evaluate its impact on the mental health of international students. This research, applying a quasi-experimental nonequivalent groups design, aimed to address the gap by examining whether an intervention aimed at building social capital can improve social capital and the mental health of international students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Study findings revealed that the intervention was effective in developing social capital and improving the mental health of international students.
Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? Retrospective cohort study

Objective To test the “27 club” hypothesis that famous musicians are at an increased risk of death at age 27. Design Cohort study using survival analysis with age as a time dependent exposure. Comparison was primarily made within musicians, and secondarily relative to the general UK population. Setting The popular music scene from a UK perspective. Participants Musicians (solo artists and band members) who had a number one album in the UK between 1956 and 2007 (n=1046 musicians, with 71 deaths, 7%). Main outcome measures Risk of death by age of musician, accounting for time dependent study entry and the number of musicians at risk. Risk was estimated using a flexible spline which would allow a bump at age 27 to appear. Results We identified three deaths at age 27 amongst 522 musicians at risk, giving a rate of 0.57 deaths per 100 musician years. Similar death rates were observed at ages 25 (rate=0.56) and 32 (0.54). There was no peak in risk around age 27, but the risk of death for famous musicians throughout their 20s and 30s was two to three times higher than the general UK population. Conclusions The 27 club is unlikely to be a real phenomenon. Fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27.
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Placental Malarial Infection as a Risk Factor for Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy in Africa: a Case-control Study in an Urban Area of Senegal, West Africa

In tropical countries, malaria and hypertension are common diseases of pregnancy. They have physiopathologic similarities such as placental ischemia, endothelial dysfunction, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent findings suggested their possible link. The authors conducted a case-control study to explore the relation between malaria and hypertension at Guediawaye, a hypoendemic malarial setting in Senegal. Cases were pregnant women admitted to the delivery unit for hypertension. Controls were pregnant women admitted for normal delivery, without any history of hypertension or proteinuria during the present pregnancy. Malarial infection was determined by placental tissue examination. From January to December 2002, 77 cases of gestational hyperten-sion, 113 cases of preeclampsia, 59 cases of eclampsia, and 241 controls were enrolled. Placental malarial infection (PMI) was present in 14 cases (6.3%) and in 15 controls (6.2%). The prevalence of PMI was 4.6% for eclampsia, 4.0% for preeclampsia, and 11.6% for gestational hypertension. In multivariate analysis, PMI appeared to be an independent risk factor for gestational hypertension (adjusted odds ratio ¼ 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 7.6). The authors found an association between PMI and nonproteinuric hypertension in women living in a malaria-hypoendemic area. The exact significance of such relation should be clarified in further studies in different settings of malarial endemicity. In areas of stable endemic malarial transmission, Plasmo-dium falciparum infection during pregnancy is usually asymptomatic. It is characterized by sequestration of parasites in the placenta. Massive sequestration of parasites in the placenta leads to placental ischemia, increases production of proinflammatory cytokines, and increases endothe-lial dysfunction (1, 2). The effects of malaria in pregnancy have been well described. It has been documented that ma-larial infection during pregnancy is a major cause of low birth weight babies and maternal anemia (3–7). Moreover, malaria is considered to be an indirect cause of maternal death (8). Hypertension diseases (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia) are the most common medical disorders during pregnancy (9). In West Africa, hyperten-sion during pregnancy is the third leading cause of maternal severe morbidity (after hemorrhage and dystocia) and the second leading cause of maternal death principally due to eclampsia (8). Risk factors for hypertension during pregnancy have been well studied in women living in developed countries. These risk factors might be different among sub-Saharan Africa's women who have encountered a more difficult context including poverty, lack of access to equipped maternal health care centers, and high malarial exposure. It might be interesting to explore such …