Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image interpolation by joint view triangulation

Creating novel views by interpolating prestored images or view morphing has many applications in visual simulation. We present in this paper a new method of automatically interpolating two images which tackles two most difficult problems of morphing due to the lack of depth informational pixel matching and visibility handling. We first describe a quasi-dense matching algorithm based on region growing with the best first strategy for match propagation. Then, we describe a robust construction of matched planar patches using local geometric constraints encoded by a homography. After that we introduce a novel representation, joint view triangulation, for visible and half-occluded patches in two images to handle their visibility during the creation of new view. Finally we demonstrate these techniques on real image pairs.
Economic analysis of human papillomavirus triage, repeat cytology, and immediate colposcopy in management of women with minor cytological abnormalities in Sweden

Objective. To assess the cost‐effectiveness of using human papillomavirus testing (HPV triage) in the management of women with minor cytological abnormalities in Sweden. Design. An economic analysis based on a clinical trial, complemented with data from published meta‐analyses on accuracy of HPV triage. The study takes perspective of the Swedish healthcare system. Setting. The Swedish population‐based cervical cancer screening program. Methods. A decision analytic model was constructed to evaluate cost‐effectiveness of HPV triage compared to repeat cytology and immediate colposcopy with biopsy, stratifying by index cytology (ASCUS = atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and LSIL = low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and age (23–60 years, <30 years and ≥30 years). Main outcome measures. Costs, incremental cost, incremental effectiveness and incremental cost per additional high‐grade lesion (CIN2+) detected. Results. For women with ASCUS ≥30 years, HPV triage is the least costly alternative, whereas immediate colposcopy with biopsy provides the most effective option at an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SEK 2,056 per additional case of CIN2+ detected. For LSIL (all age groups) and ASCUS (23–60 years and <30 years), HPV triage is dominated by immediate colposcopy and biopsy. Model results were sensitive to HPV test cost changes. Conclusion. With improved HPV testing techniques at lower costs, HPV triage can become a cost‐effective alternative for follow‐up of minor cytological abnormalities. Today, immediate colposcopy with biopsy is a cost‐effective alternative compared to HPV triage and repeat cytology.
Three Classes of Plasmid (47–63 kb) Carry the Type B Neurotoxin Gene Cluster of Group II Clostridium botulinum

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis of 26 strains of Group II (nonproteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type B4 showed that 23 strains carried their neurotoxin gene cluster on a 47–63 kb plasmid (three strains lacked any hybridization signal for the neurotoxin gene, presumably having lost their plasmid). Unexpectedly, no neurotoxin genes were found on the chromosome. This apparent constraint on neurotoxin gene transfer to the chromosome stands in marked contrast to Group I C. botulinum, in which neurotoxin gene clusters are routinely found in both locations. The three main classes of type B4 plasmid identified in this study shared different regions of homology, but were unrelated to any Group I or Group III plasmid. An important evolutionary aspect firmly links plasmid class to geographical origin, with one class apparently dominant in marine environments, whereas a second class is dominant in European terrestrial environments. A third class of plasmid is a hybrid between the other two other classes, providing evidence for contact between these seemingly geographically separated populations. Mobility via conjugation has been previously demonstrated for the type B4 plasmid of strain Eklund 17B, and similar genes associated with conjugation are present in all type B4 plasmids now described. A plasmid toxin–antitoxin system pemI gene located close to the neurotoxin gene cluster and conserved in each type B4 plasmid class may be important in understanding the mechanism which regulates this unique and unexpected bias toward plasmid-borne neurotoxin genes in Group II C. botulinum type B4.
Gradient Descent Learns Linear Dynamical Systems

We prove that gradient descent efficiently converges to the global optimizer of the maximum likelihood objective of an unknown linear time-invariant dynamical system from a sequence of noisy observations generated by the system. Even though the objective function is non-convex, we provide polynomial running time and sample complexity bounds under strong but natural assumptions. Linear systems identification has been studied for many decades, yet, to the best of our knowledge, these are the first polynomial guarantees for the problem we consider.
Spel om pengar

Innehallsforteckning: Inledning 150 ;Spelsituationen 151 ;Rummet 153 ;Sportbaren: Ett rum for spelande 158 ;Spelandets rationalisering 163 ;Tiden 166 ;Snabbt och kontinuerligt spelande ger en kansl .
The Economics of 'Acting White'

This paper formalizes a sociological phenomenon entitled 'acting white'. The key idea is that individuals face a tension between signaling their type to the outside labor market and signaling their type to a peer group: signals that induce high wages can be signals that induce peer rejection. We prove three basic results: (1) there exists no equilibria in which all types of individuals adopt distinct educational investment levels; (2) when individuals are not too patient, all equilibria satisfying a standard refinement involve a binary partition of the type space in which all types accepted by the group pool on a common low education level and all types rejected by the group separate at distinctly higher levels of education with correspondingly higher wages; and (3) when individuals are very patient, there is an increase in the variation of education levels within the group and an increase in the variance of types deemed acceptable by the group. The more those involved discount the future, the more salient peer pressure becomes and the more homogenous groups become.
Deep Heterogeneous Feature Fusion for Template-Based Face Recognition

Although deep learning has yielded impressive performance for face recognition, many studies have shown that different networks learn different feature maps: while some networks are more receptive to pose and illumination others appear to capture more local information. Thus, in this work, we propose a deep heterogeneous feature fusion network to exploit the complementary information present in features generated by different deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for template-based face recognition, where a template refers to a set of still face images or video frames from different sources which introduces more blur, pose, illumination and other variations than traditional face datasets. The proposed approach efficiently fuses the discriminative information of different deep features by 1) jointly learning the non-linear high-dimensional projection of the deep features and 2) generating a more discriminative template representation which preserves the inherent geometry of the deep features in the feature space. Experimental results on the IARPA Janus Challenge Set 3 (Janus CS3) dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the recognition performance. In addition, we also present a series of covariate experiments on the face verification task for in-depth qualitative evaluations for the proposed approach.
The effects of priming on recognition latencies to familiar and unfamiliar orthographic forms of Japanese words

One of the longest standing debates in the visual word recognition literature concerns whether or not the transparency of the symbol-sound relationship for an orthographic system influences how words in that system are processed. The current study investigates this issue with Japanese, a language with multiple orthographies, including the phonologically transparent hiragana and the phono logically opaque kanji. Utilizing a visual lexical decision task, I presented native speakers of Japanese with the kanji and hiragana forms of nouns that were either familiar in both orthographies (orthographically neutral) or only familiar in kanji (kanji dominant). In Experiment 1, targets were preceded by one of three visual primes: a semantically related real word, a semantically unrelated real word, or a string of three asterisks. In all three priming conditions, orthographically familiar targets were recognized more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar ones. Importantly, the expected priming effect was found, but it did not interact with the orthographic depth of the target word. In Experiment 2, targets were preceded by one of three auditory primes: the spoken form of the target, a phonologically legal nonword, or a 100 ms tone. The pattern of the results was the same as in Experiment I, with the additional finding of a larger priming effect for unfamiliar orthographic forms compared to their familiar counterparts. In Experiment 3, targets were preceded one o f five visual primes: the target word in the same orthography, the target word in the opposite orthography, a nonword in the same orthography, a nonword in the opposite orthography, or a string of asterisks. The patterns of response times and error rates were similar to the previous two experiments, and the larger priming effect for unfamiliar orthographic forms compared to familiar orthographic forms was again observed. Collectively, these findings are consistent with previous work demonstrating that orthographic familiarity has a greater influence over the processing of written words in Japanese than orthographic depth (e.g., Besner & Hildebrandt, 1987; Hirose, 1984, 1985, 1992; Sasanuma, Sakuma, & Tatsumi, 1988). They extend the literature by demonstrating that orthographic familiarity effects are reliable within-word and that phonological and orthographic identity priming affect the recognition speed for Japanese words according to orthographic familiarity, not orthographic depth. These results support a weighted network model in which the strength of the associations between semantic, phonological, and orthographic information reflects the reader’s experience.
FACTORS REGULATING MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY ALTER THERMAL RESISTANCE *

Elevated temperatures (>37OC) produce a number of biological effects that have great potential in the treatment of human malignancies. These include the following: (a) tumor cells may be selectively killed over certain temperature ranges,’** (b) heat interacts synergistically with radiation,’ (c) heat may be most effective at killing cells resistant to radiation, such as ! %phase4*’ and hypoxic cells,6. ’ and (d) heat may enhance the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, either by increasing cellular uptake of the drug: by affecting interaction with target molecules, or by affecting cellular repair mechanisms. ’ Hyperthermic exposures are known also to induce a transient, nonheritable resistance to subsequent heat e x p o s ~ r e s . ’ ~ ’ ~ It is now being recognized that the phenomena of thermotolerance may be both a hazard, in the case of tumor cells becoming resistant, or an advantage, in the situation where normal cells may become more resistant than tumor cells. It is known that thermotolerance can be induced, either by short exposures (minutes) during fractionated heat doses,’”’* or after long, continuous exposures (3 to 5 hours) to temperatures less than 43°C.3. ’3 This resistance has been observed in a wide variety of cell lines, including cells of human,’0*” hamster,” and murine’ origin. Henle and Dethlefson14 have recently reviewed extensively the known phenomenology of thermotolerance, detailing evidence for this effect both in vilro and in vivo. In spite of the extensive knowledge of the temperature, time, and culture condition parameters that affect thermal resistance, the mechanism(s) by which this cellular response to heat develops is poorly understood. This knowledge is essential, however, if thermotolerance is to be manipulated by oncologists in a manner that will be of therapeutic advantage, especially in the area of overcoming resistance once it has developed. Gould and Dring have presented a model,” with supporting evidence,I6 to explain heat resistance in bacterial endospores. This model suggests that the cortex of these organisms acts as a specialized osmoregulatory organelle. They speculate that heat resistance arises from dehydration of the protoplast resulting from osmotic activity of an expanded electronegative polymer and the positively charged ions associated with it. One aspect of this model is that, in the heat-resistant form, the coat of these bacterial endospores is impermeable to multivalent cations, including calcium
Multi-domain Dialog State Tracking using Recurrent Neural Networks

Dialog state tracking is a key component of many modern dialog systems, most of which are designed with a single, well-defined domain in mind. This paper shows that dialog data drawn from different dialog domains can be used to train a general belief tracking model which can operate across all of these domains, exhibiting superior performance to each of the domain-specific models. We propose a training procedure which uses out-of-domain data to initialise belief tracking models for entirely new domains. This procedure leads to improvements in belief tracking performance regardless of the amount of in-domain data available for training the model.
The Biological Nature of Human Language

Biolinguistics aims to shed light on the specifically biological nature of human language, focusing on five foundational questions: (1) What are the properties of the language phenotype? (2) How does language ability grow and mature in individuals? (3) How is language put to use? (4) How is language implemented in the brain? (5) What evolutionary processes led to the emergence of language? These foundational questions are used here to frame a discussion of important issues in the study of language, exploring whether our linguistic capacity is the result of direct selective pressure or due to developmental or biophysical constraints, and assessing whether the neural/computational components entering into language are unique to human language or shared with other cognitive systems, leading to a discussion of advances in theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, comparative animal behavior and psychology, genetics/genomics, disciplines that can now place these longstanding questions in a new light, while raising challenges for future research.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Chitosan Sponge as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold

Cells, growth factors, and scaffolds are the three main factors required to create a tissue-engineered construct. After the appearance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), considerable attention has therefore been focused on nonbovine materials. In this study, we examined the properties of a chitosan porous scaffold. A porous chitosan sponge was prepared by the controlled freezing and lyophilization of different concentrations of chitosan solutions. The materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity, tensile strength, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) release profiles from chitosan sponge were examined in vitro. The morphology of the chitosan scaffolds presented a typical microporous structure, with the pore size ranging from 50 to 200 μm. The porosity of chitosan scaffolds with different concentrations was approximately 75–85%. A decreasing tendency for porosity was observed as the concentration of the chitosan increased. The relationship between the tensile properties and chitosan concentration indicated that the ultimate tensile strength for the sponge increased with a higher concentration. The in vitro bFGF release study showed that the higher the concentration of chitosan solution became, the longer the releasing time of the bFGF from the chitosan sponge was.
Reporting Neighbors in High-Dimensional Euclidean Space

We consider the following problem, which arises in many database and web-based applications: Given a set $P$ of $n$ points in a high-dimensional space $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a distance $r$, we want to report all pairs of points of $P$ at Euclidean distance at most $r$. We present two randomized algorithms, one based on randomly shifted grids, and the other on randomly shifted and rotated grids. The running time of both algorithms is of the form $C(d)(n+k)\log n$, where $k$ is the output size and $C(d)$ is a constant that depends on the dimension $d$. The $\log n$ factor is needed to guarantee, with high probability, that all neighbor pairs are reported and can be dropped if it suffices to report, in expectation, an arbitrarily large fraction of the pairs. When only translations are used, $C(d)$ is of the form $(a\sqrt{d})^d$ for some (small) absolute constant $a\approx 0.484$; this bound is worst-case tight, up to an exponential factor of about $2^d$. When both rotationsand translations are used, $C(d)$ can b.
Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Splenectomy in Total Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Carcinoma

Objective: To clarify the role of splenectomy in total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer. Backgrounds: Splenectomy in total gastrectomy is associated with increased operative morbidity and mortality, but its survival benefit is unclear. Previous randomized controlled trials were underpowered and inconclusive. Methods: We conducted a multiinstitutional randomized controlled trial. Proximal gastric adenocarcinoma of T2-4/N0-2/M0 not invading the greater curvature was eligible. During the operation, surgeons confirmed that R0 resection was possible with negative lavage cytology, and patients were randomly assigned to either splenectomy or spleen preservation. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were relapse-free survival, operative morbidity, operation time, and blood loss. The trial was designed to confirm noninferiority of spleen preservation to splenectomy in OS with a noninferiority margin of the hazard ratio as 1.21 and 1-sided alpha of 5%. Results: Between June 2002 and March 2009, 505 patients (254 splenectomy, 251 spleen preservation) were enrolled from 36 institutions. Splenectomy was associated with higher morbidity and larger blood loss, but the operation time was similar. The 5-year survivals were 75.1% and 76.4% in the splenectomy and spleen preservation groups, respectively. The hazard ratio was 0.88 (90.7%, confidence interval 0.67–1.16) (<1.21); thus, the noninferiority of spleen preservation was confirmed (P = 0.025). Conclusions: In total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer that does not invade the greater curvature, splenectomy should be avoided as it increases operative morbidity without improving survival.
Types for Active Objects with Static Deadlock Prevention

Process types statically ensure the acceptability of all messages sent to an object even if the set of acceptable messages changes dynamically. As proposed so far, process types do not ensure the return of answers; deadlocks may prevent objects from behaving as expected. In this article we propose an object calculus with types distinguishing between obligatory messages (that must be sent, for example, as answer to a question) and optional messages (that can, but need not be sent). A type checker enforces the sending of obligatory messages and ensures that obligatory messages are not suppressed by deadlocks. The proposed type concept supports subtyping.
Reduced Topologically Real-World Networks: A Big-Data Approach

The topological and dynamical properties of real-world networks have attracted extensive research from a variety of multi-disciplinary fields. They, in fact, model typically big datasets which pose interesting challenges, due to their intrinsic size and complex interactions, as well as the dependencies between their different sub-parts. Therefore, defining networks based on such properties, is unlikely to produce usable information due to their complexity and the data inconsistencies which they typically contain. In this paper, the authors discuss the evaluation of a method as part of ongoing research which aims to mine data to assess whether their associated networks exhibit properties comparable to well-known structures, namely scale-free, small world and random networks. For this, they will use a large dataset containing information on the seismologic activity recorded by the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre. The authors will show that it provides an accurate, agile, and scalable tool to extract useful information. This further motivates their effort to produce a big data analytics tool which will focus on obtaining in-depth intelligence from both structured and unstructured big datasets. This will ultimately lead to a better understanding and prediction of the properties of the system(s) they model.
Investigations on convex optimization using log-linear HMMs for digit string recognition

Discriminative methods are an important technique to refine the acoustic model in speech recognition. Conventional discriminative training is initialized with some baseline model and the parameters are re-estimated in a separate step. This approach has proven to be successful, but it includes many heuristics, approximations, and parameters to be tuned. This tuning involves much engineering and makes it difficult to reproduce and compare experiments. In contrast to the conventional training, convex optimization techniques provide a sound approach to estimate all model parameters from scratch. Such a straight approach hopefully dispense with additional heuristics, e.g. scaling of posteriors. This paper addresses the question how well this concept using log-linear models carries over to practice. Experimental results are reported for a digit string recognition task, which allows for the investigation of this issue without approximations.
HepaRG cells and 3 D human hepatocyte spheroids as predictive in vitro systems for drug-induced liver injury

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (C.C.B, V.M.L, S.U.V, T.B.A, M.I.-S.) Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, SE-431 83, Sweden (H.P., T.B.A) CXR Biosciences Ltd, 2 James Lindsay Place, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, UK (R.D.) This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD Fast Forward. Published on January 30, 2017 as DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116. 074369