Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the cross‐national generalizability of organizational commitment

Using data from two large multinational samples, this research sought to contribute to our knowledge of international organizational behaviour by examining the cross-national generalizability of organizational commitment. Sample 1 included employees of 10 subsidiaries of a large multinational organization, whereas Sample 2 relied on data collected in 25 nations in the context of a large opinion survey. Results in both samples supported the expectation that measures of commitment would be more susceptible to measurement non-equivalence than measures of job satisfaction. Differences in relationships between commitment and satisfaction across countries were observed in both samples, as were differences in mean commitment levels. Nation-level individualism/collectivism (I/C) failed to account for the observed differences, however, suggesting that commitment and I/C are largely independent, despite theoretical arguments to the contrary. Results of the study suggest that despite some cross-national variation, differences in commitment across national boundaries are small and empirically unrelated to I/C.
A Fast Cluster Motif Finding Algorithm for ChIP-Seq Data Sets

New high-throughput technique ChIP-seq, coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment with high-throughput sequencing technologies, has extended the identification of binding locations of a transcription factor to the genome-wide regions. However, the most existing motif discovery algorithms are time-consuming and limited to identify binding motifs in ChIP-seq data which normally has the significant characteristics of large scale data. In order to improve the efficiency, we propose a fast cluster motif finding algorithm, named as FCmotif, to identify the (l, d) motifs in large scale ChIP-seq data set. It is inspired by the emerging substrings mining strategy to find the enriched substrings and then searching the neighborhood instances to construct PWM and cluster motifs in different length. FCmotif is not following the OOPS model constraint and can find long motifs. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm has been proved by experiments on the ChIP-seq data sets from mouse ES cells. The whole detection of the real binding motifs and processing of the full size data of several megabytes finished in a few minutes. The experimental results show that FCmotif has advantageous to deal with the (l, d) motif finding in the ChIP-seq data; meanwhile it also demonstrates better performance than other current widely-used algorithms such as MEME, Weeder, ChIPMunk, and DREME.
The nonlinear mechanical response of the red blood cell

We measure the dynamical mechanical properties of human red blood cells. A single cell response is measured with optical tweezers. We investigate both the stress relaxation following a fast deformation and the effect of varying the strain rate. We find a power-law decay of the stress as a function of time, down to a plateau stress, and a power-law increase of the cell's elasticity as a function of the strain rate. Interestingly, the exponents of these quantities violate the linear superposition principle, indicating a nonlinear response. We propose that this is due to the breaking of a fraction of the crosslinks during the deformation process. The soft glassy rheology model accounts for the relation between the exponents we observe experimentally. This picture is consistent with recent models of bond remodeling in the red blood cell's molecular structure. Our results imply that the blood cell's mechanical behavior depends critically on the deformation process.
Ciudadanía y clase social

Presentacion en 1949 en una conferencia en Cambridge, England, conmemora el trabajo del economista Alfred Marshall. Su trabajo sobre igualdad social, El futuro de las clases trabajadoras, es explicado, apuntando que mientras su hipotesis es aun relevante, esto lleva a considerar limitaciones seguras. Sus preguntas deben ser reorientadas hacia un final sociologico tanto como economico.
Segmenting participation in wildlife watching: A comparison of casual wildlife watchers and serious birders

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine participation patterns of two different segments of the wildlife watching population: casual wildlife watchers and serious birders. We used Texas Conservation Passport holders and members of the American Birding Association to represent the views of these two groups of wildlife watchers. Consistent with the recreation specialization framework, these two groups were defined in terms of their skill at identifying birds, frequency of participation, yearly expenditures, and birdwatching behaviors close to home. Further analysis revealed many significant differences in participation characteristics between casual wildlife watchers and serious birders. Specifically, there were differences in the types of information sources used for trip planning and differences in desired setting preferences. The implication of this study is that managers and planners will be able to more effectively target casual wildlife watchers and/or serious birders with the appropriate pr.
Pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia and inv(16)(p13;q22): a paradigm for understanding leukaemogenesis?

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been proposed to arise from the collaboration between two classes of mutation, a class I, or proliferative, mutation and a class II, or blocking, mutation. A limitation of this so‐called ‘two‐hit’ hypothesis has been the lack of identifiable proliferative and blocking mutations in most AML cases. However, it is now known that the CBFβ–MYH11 fusion gene in AML and inv(16), by disrupting the normal transcription factor activity of core binding factor (CBF), functions as a class II mutation. In addition, nearly 70% of patients with AML and inv(16) are known to possess mutually exclusive mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), c‐KIT and FLT3, as well as RAS genes, that provide a class I, or proliferative, signal. AML and inv(16), therefore, is one of the best understood of the acute leukaemias at the genetic level and so provides a paradigm for the ‘two‐hit’ hypothesis of leukaemogenesis. This paper reviews the recent advances in the molecular pathology of AML and inv(16) and discusses possible therapeutic implications of the current pathogenetic model.
Binary-Representation-Based Genetic Algorithm for Aircraft Arrival Sequencing and Scheduling

Arrival sequencing and scheduling (ASS) at airports is an NP-hard problem. Much effort has been made to use permutation-representation-based genetic algorithms (GAs) to tackle this problem, whereas this paper attempts to design an efficient GA based on a binary representation of arriving queues. Rather than using the order and/or arriving time of each aircraft in the queue to construct chromosomes for GAs, this paper uses the neighboring relationship between each pair of aircraft, and the resulted chromosome is a 0-1-valued matrix. A big advantage of this binary representation is a highly efficient uniform crossover operator, which is normally not applicable to those permutation representations. The strategy of receding horizon control (RHC) is also integrated into the new GA to attack the dynamic ASS problem. An extensive comparative simulation study shows that the binary-representation-based GA outperforms the permutation-representation-based GA.
The Relationship of Attitudes Toward Work and Toward Retirement: A Female Perspective

In the past, research on the relationship between attitudes toward work and toward retirement focused primarily on men. The study presented here explored this relationship from a female perspective. A regression model was derived in which work commitment helped explain women's attitudes toward retirement. Reconciling this model with theories negating the importance of attitudes toward work revealed the failure of previous research to distinguish between two work variables: job satisfaction and commitment to work. Thus research from a female perspective can clarify the salient research question and is critical for understanding both women's lives and generic human behavior.
Physiological mechanisms dissociating pulmonary CO2 and O2 exchange dynamics during exercise in humans

During moderate exercise (below the lactate threshold, θL), muscle CO2 production ( ) kinetics are monoexponential, with a time constant (τ) similar to that of O2 consumption. Following a delay incorporating the muscle–lung vascular transit time, is expressed at the lungs ( ) with an appreciably longer τ, reflecting the influence of intervening high‐capacitance CO2 stores. Above θL, kinetics become complex, resulting from the conflation of the differing rates of HCO3− breakdown and degrees of compensatory hyperventilation with that of the underlying aerobic component. During incremental exercise, the increased rate of relative to pulmonary O2 uptake ( ) can be used to quantify θL validly if aerobic and hyperventilatory sources can be ruled out, i.e. θL is then attributable to the decrease in muscle and blood [HCO3−]. In many cases, however, very rapid incrementation of work rate and/or prior depletion of CO2 stores (by volitional or anticipatory hyperventilation) can yield a ‘false positive’ non‐invasive estimation of θL (‘pseudo‐threshold’) resulting from a slowing of the rate of wash‐in of transient CO2 stores.
Impaired social response reversal. A case of 'acquired sociopathy'.

In this study, we report a patient (J.S.) who, following trauma to the right frontal region, including the orbitofrontal cortex, presented with 'acquired sociopathy'. His behaviour was notably aberrant and marked by high levels of aggression and a callous disregard for others. A series of experimental investigations were conducted to address the cognitive dysfunction that might underpin his profoundly aberrant behaviour. His performance was contrasted with that of a second patient (C.L.A.), who also presented with a grave dysexecutive syndrome but no socially aberrant behaviour, and five inmates of Wormwood Scrubs prison with developmental psychopathy. While J.S. showed no reversal learning impairment, he presented with severe difficulty in emotional expression recognition, autonomic responding and social cognition. Unlike the comparison populations, J.S. showed impairment in: the recognition of, and autonomic responding to, angry and disgusted expressions; attributing the emotions of fear, anger and embarrassment to story protagonists; and the identification of violations of social behaviour. The findings are discussed with reference to models regarding the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the control of aggression. It is suggested that J.S. 's impairment is due to a reduced ability to generate expectations of others' negative emotional reactions, in particular anger. In healthy individuals, these representations act to suppress behaviour that is inappropriate in specific social contexts. Moreover, it is proposed that the orbitofrontal cortex may be implicated specifically either in the generation of these expectations or the use of these expectations to suppress inappropriate behaviour.
An intra‐individual test of the demands‐control model: A weekly diary study of psychological strain in portfolio workers

Twenty-five years of research on Karasek's job strain model has produced evidence that jobs involving high demands, low control and low social support may produce psychological strain. The present study takes this research in a new direction by using a time-sampling methodology with a group of portfolio workers (self-employed individuals who work for multiple clients) to examine whether working weeks that involve more of these characteristics are associated with greater psychological strain. The study also examines whether workers' optimism moderates the intra-individual relationship between job characteristics and strain. Every week for 26 weeks, 65 portfolio workers completed a diary containing measures of work demands, job control, social support and strain. Multi-level analyses supported the additive but not the interactive form of the job strain model. However, differences in portfolio workers' optimism moderated an interactive effect of weekly demands and control on anxiety and depression, such that the highest levels of strain were experienced by pessimists under conditions of low control and high demands. The results suggest that psychological strain can vary with temporal variations in job characteristics and that a person-situation approach is appropriate for understanding these dynamics.
Doing gender differently—The interplay of strength of gender identification and content of gender identity in predicting women's endorsement of sexist beliefs

To explain differences in women's endorsement of sexist beliefs, we introduce the gender identity model (GIM). Based on social identity theory (SIT) and social role theory (SRT), we combine strength of gender identification and identity content and propose that different types of gender identity can be distinguished, which are predicted to relate to different levels of women's endorsement of sexist beliefs and engagement in collective action. Results of a correlational study and two experiments support the assumptions of the model: women reject Benevolent (BS), Hostile (HS), and Modern Sexisms (MS) and participate in collective action in particular when they are highly identified with the category women and have, at the same time, internalized progressive identity contents. In contrast, gender role preference has weaker or no effects on sexist beliefs and collective action when women are low identified with their gender in-group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognition Inventory within a Northern Ireland adolescent sample.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI; Foa et al., 1999, Psychol. Assess., 11, 303) among a cohort of older adolescents and to determine the relationship between post-traumatic cognitions and a variety of psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness. METHODS The PTCI was investigated among a large sample (N = 785) of Northern Irish adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis and composite reliability analysis were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the scale. RESULTS The familiar three-factor solution of negative cognitions of self, negative cognitions of the world and others, and self-blame was supported; however, it was necessary to remove eight items from the original 33-item scale. The three-factor structure was subsequently demonstrated to be factorially invariant across gender and to possess satisfactory internal reliability. The three PTCI factors were found to correlate with depression, anxiety, stress, and three dimensions of loneliness. CONCLUSION These results provide the first piece of evidence that older adolescents cognitively respond to trauma in a similar manner to adults, that the PTCI is factorially invariant between genders, and that trauma cognitions are correlated with feelings of loneliness. The contextual dependent nature of the structure of the PTCI factors is discussed in relation to future research efforts. PRACTITIONER POINTS The PTCI is a valid and reliable measure of trauma-related cognitions among adolescents and works equally well for male adolescents and female adolescents. Trauma cognitions are associated with a range of mental health problems beyond post-traumatic stress disorder including depression, anxiety, stress, and various aspects of loneliness. Reductions in trauma cognitions in survivors of trauma will have wide-scale clinical benefits to patient well-being. The exact structure and make-up of items in the PTCI may well be dependent on culture, context, and the nature of the trauma. The study is limited due to the fact that the authors could not assess the severity of the trauma experienced by the adolescent sample.
Perceptions and actions: Relationships of views on risk with citation actions of nanotechnology scientists

This study links survey data on scientists' societal perceptions of nanotechnology with publication data to understand the extent of association between societal perspectives held by nanoscientists and publication actions. Specifically, we explore the relationship between scientists' attitudes in two areas and their actions in citing nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (EHS) publications. This relationship is examined by linking responses from participants in the University of Wisconsin's Nanotechnology and Society Survey of nanoscientists with publication data from the Georgia Tech global nanotechnology database. The likelihood of citing EHS publications is estimated as a function of the two societal perception variables as well as the scientific field and background characteristics such as PhD completion year, tenure-track position, gender, and religiosity. We find that perceptions about moral limits mediate citation actions whereas attitudes toward government regulation have no significant effect. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Effect of rifampicin in some blood characteristics in rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus

Abstract ج The aim of this study was intend to study the effect of rifampicin in some blood characteristics (albumin, globulin, Hb, PCV, platelets count, WBCs count and differential WBCs count) in rabbits. Eight rabbits divided in to two groups, first group was used as treated group and we treated with rifampicin drug 15mg/kg /day for 35 days, while the second group treated with 15mg/ml/day normal saline for 35 days and used as a control group. The results showed that there were a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in level of albumin in rifampicin treated group compared with control group, while there were no significant differences in all other blood characteristics. ةصلاخلا ) ولغومیھلل ةیوئملا ةبسنلاو نیب ) Hb ( طوغضملا ایلاخلا مجحو ) PCV ( ضیبلا مدلا ایلاخل يزییمتلا ددعلاو ضیبلا مدلا ایلاخ ددعو ةیومدلا تاحیفصلا ددعو ( يف نارلاا ب Oryctolagus Cuniculus . ، ) ةرطیسلا ةعومجم ( ١٥ مغلم / رتلیلم / ةدمل ایجولویسف ایحلم لاولحم موی ٣٥ موی ، ةیناثلا ةعومجملا امنیب ) (
Hopes and dreams Ideal supervision for social workers in Hong Kong

Ideal supervision is the hope and dream of social work supervisors and frontline workers. A qualitative study, based on 40 in-depth interviews with supervisors and frontline social workers in Hong Kong, was conducted to explore the features (purpose, format, relationship, and use of authority) of ideal supervision. It was found that social workers, whether they are supervisors or supervisees, wish to make better use of their supervision sessions in order to promote professional growth and effective decisions for clients. Social workers prefer regular, practice-based, and action-oriented supervision sessions. Supervision should aim to solve practice problems, recognize staff efforts, and encourage future professional development. Such goals are similar to those of student fieldwork supervision.
A surveillance study of escitalopram treatment of depressed patients

Aim: The aim of this surveillance study was to assess the tolerability of, and response to, treatment with escitalopram in 525 psychiatric out-patient clinics in the Czech Republic. Methods: Clinical response was evaluated using the Zung Depression Rating Scale (ZDRS) and the Clinical Impressions – Improvement (CGI-I) scale. The change from baseline in the ZDRS, Clinical Impressions – Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and CGI-I scores were analysed for each visit (baseline, weeks 1 – 2, 4, 8 and 26). Results: There were 2664 patients included, with 2126 patients (79.8%) completing the 6-month treatment. During the course of the study, the patients showed an improvement in their severity of depression, with a response rate (CGI-I ≤ 2) of 86.7% and a remission rate (CGI-S ≤ 2) of 80.6% for patients completing 6 months of treatment. The most frequent adverse events were nausea (5.5%), headache (2.1%) and sweating (2.0%). Discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in 170 patients (6.4%) and 3.7% of patients withdrew from the study because of non-response and/or worsening of psychopathology. There were no significant differences between baseline and final visit in mean body mass index for men or women. Conclusion: In this large surveillance study, escitalopram was well tolerated by a heterogeneous group of patients, whose depressive symptoms responded to ≤ 6 months of treatment.
Radiologic Differentiation of Intracranial Epidermoids from Arachnoid Cysts

Objective Intracranial epidermoids (cholesteatomas) mimic arachnoid cysts in their radiologic characteristics, especially in the cerebellopontine angle. It is essential to differentiate the two conditions because they warrant different therapeutic interventions. The objective of this study is to elucidate the different radiologic characteristics of the conditions. Study Design and Setting This was a retrospective study of 4 patients referred for a differential diagnosis and management of intracranial cystic lesions to the Departments of Neurotology/Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology in a tertiary referral university hospital. Patients Four patients of different age groups with cystic intracranial lesions, diagnosed epidermoid or arachnoid cysts, were chosen. A retrospective analysis of their case charts, radiologic and surgical interventions, and follow-up records was undertaken. Methods The imaging techniques used included computerized tomographic scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1, T2, proton-density, and gadolinium-enhanced T1 images. In addition, special MRI sequences were used that included fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and echo planar diffusion scanning. All the patients underwent an audiovestibular evaluation. Results Both lesions are characteristically well demarcated and have a homogeneous low density, similar to cerebrospinal fluid on computerized tomographic scan, showing no contrast enhancement. On MRI, epidermoids and arachnoid cysts usually appear hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. On fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, an arachnoid cyst tends to follow cerebrospinal fluid intensity, whereas an epidermoid becomes hyperintense. There are occasions when an epidermoid may appear as a low-intensity lesion on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. This dilemma is resolved with the use of echo planar diffusion scanning, on which an epidermoid remains bright. Conclusion The authors recommend the use of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion sequence MRI when definitive radiologic diagnosis of cystic intracranial lesions becomes difficult with routine computerized tomographic scanning and MRI.
Long-term microclimate monitoring in wildland cultural heritage sites with wireless sensor networks

Microclimates in many wildland cultural heritage sites are not under surveillance up to now, due to the lack of power supply and network access. However, real-time microclimate data in cultural heritage sites are very important for research and conservation. In this paper, we discuss the design of a wireless sensor system for long-term microclimate monitoring in wildland cultural heritage sites. Tiered and robust communication architecture including wireless sensor network (WSN), long-distance wireless polling network (LWPN) and internet was developed to realise stable monitoring in complex and harsh environment. Meanwhile, fault detection and diagnosis strategies have been designed to enable quick system restoration once a severe failure occurs. The currently deployed system consists of 241 data sensors covering 57 typical caves of the Mogao Grottoes. The stability and long lifetime of the system are verified through network and battery performance evaluations at the end of the paper.