Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruptions in Childhood Parental Care as Risk Factors for Major Depression in Adult Women

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different types of disruptions in childhood parental care before the age of 15 years as risk factors for major depression in women aged 18 to 44 years. The types of disruptions studied were parental death, parental separation or divorce, other types of loss (i.e. adoption, foster-care, etc.), and prolonged separation from both parents. Potential confounding factors were also examined. Method: The data were obtained from a community probability sample. Case-ness was determined by the use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and both the current (one month) and lifetime prevalence periods were considered. Logistic regression was used to model the influence of each factor, singly and adjusted for the influence of other factors, on the risk for major depression. Results: It was found that in this population 17% had experienced some type of parental loss (parental death 4%, separations/divorce 10% and other types of loss 3%) and 11% had experienced prolonged separation from both parents. Parental loss was significantly associated with lifetime depression, but this effect was no longer significant when adjusted for other factors. However, prolonged separation from both parents was associated with an increased risk of current and lifetime depressive episodes of approximately three to fourfold, even when the risk was adjusted for other factors. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that prolonged separation from both parents has a stronger association with current or lifetime depression in women than do parental death, separation/divorce and other types of loss. Prolonged separation may be a marker for other risk factors and may not be a risk factor on its own.
Instituciones y gobernanza metropolitana: una primera aproximación al caso de México

According to the “metropolitan argument,” political-administrative fragmentation creates an incentive structure that encourages both elected and designated officials not to cooperate or coordinate with authorities from other jurisdictions. In Mexico, certain municipalities have responded to this problem by forming certain regional or inter-municipal decision-making structures. The federal government and the governments of certain states have promoted certain solutions to this problem. The institutional arrangements and organizations that have created these efforts are extremely diverse, difficult to classify and have scarcely been explored. This document mentions some of these efforts and highlights four dimensions in order to contribute to their classification and study. These dimensions seek to contribute to identifying key aspects of these structures and institutions that facilitate the development of a research agenda that systematically studies their emergence, evolution and results.
The Local-Ladder Effect

Dozens of studies in different nations have revealed that socioeconomic status only weakly predicts an individual’s subjective well-being (SWB). These results imply that although the pursuit of social status is a fundamental human motivation, achieving high status has little impact on one’s SWB. However, we propose that sociometric status—the respect and admiration one has in face-to-face groups (e.g., among friends or coworkers)—has a stronger effect on SWB than does socioeconomic status. Using correlational, experimental, and longitudinal methodologies, four studies found consistent evidence for a local-ladder effect: Sociometric status significantly predicted satisfaction with life and the experience of positive and negative emotions. Longitudinally, as sociometric status rose or fell, SWB rose or fell accordingly. Furthermore, these effects were driven by feelings of power and social acceptance. Overall, individuals’ sociometric status matters more to their SWB than does their socioeconomic status.
Perceived efficacy and utility of postgraduate physician assistant training programs

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore graduates' perceptions of the efficacy and perceived utility of postgraduate physician assistant (PA) programs. Methods:Using an online tool, a survey was sent to postgraduate PA program graduates that contained demographic questions and descriptive questions examining the perceived utility of completing a postgraduate PA program. Results:Surveys were e-mailed to 149 graduates of postgraduate PA programs; 113 responded (75% response rate). After completing postgraduate training, 97% of graduates felt their training made them more competitive in the job market; 74% believed time from orientation to full productivity was reduced; and 95% would recommend completion of a postgraduate training program. Conclusions:Completion of a postgraduate PA program is an alternative to on-the-job training. Graduates perceived that the benefits from these programs include increased competitiveness in the job market, decreased onboarding time, and overall enhancement of their professional careers.
The European approach to in-transit melanoma lesions

The biological behavior of melanoma is unpredictable. Three to five per cent of melanoma patients will develop in-transit lesions and the median time to recurrence ranges between 13–16 months. At the time of recurrence the risk of occult nodal metastasis, with clinically negative regional lymph nodes, is as high as 50%. The risk of in-transit lesions depends on the tumor biology and not on the surgical approach to the regional lymph nodes. The high incidence of in-transit lesions at the lower limb may be caused by the gravity and delayed lymphatic drainage. The treatment of limited disease is local excision, laser ablation, cryosurgery, while multiple in-transit lesions or bulky disease located in a limb can be successfully treated with regional chemotherapy, a therapeutic isolated limb perfusion or infusion with melphalan or a combination of melphalan and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. If local regional treatment or systemic dacarbazine based systemic treatment fails, novel systemic treatment strategies with vaccines, antibodies and gene therapy are currently investigated.
Predicting emerging social conventions in online social networks

The way in which social conventions emerge in communities has been of interest to social scientists for decades. Here we report on the emergence of a particular social convention on Twitter---the way to indicate a tweet is being reposted and attributing the content to its source. Despite being invented at different times and having different adoption rates, only two variations became widely adopted. In this paper we describe this process in detail, highlighting the factors that come into play in deciding which variation individuals will adopt. Our classification analysis demonstrates that the date of adoption and the number of exposures are particularly important in the adoption process, while personal features (such as the number of followers and join date) and the number of adopter friends have less discriminative power in predicting adoptions. We discuss implications of these findings in the design of future Web applications and services.
Active galactic nuclei in the mid-IR: evolution and contribution to the cosmic infrared background

Aims. We study the evolution of the luminosity function (LF) of type-1 and type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the mid-infrared, and then derive the contribution of the AGN to the Cosmic InfraRed Background (CIRB) and the expected source counts to be observed by Spitzer at 24� m. Methods. We used a sample of type-1 and type-2 AGN selected at 15� m (ISO) and 12� m (IRAS), and classified on the basis of their optical spectra. Local spectral templates of type-1 and type-2 AGN have been used to derive the intrinsic 15� m luminosities. We adopted an evolving smooth two-power law shape of the LF, whose parameters have been derived using an un-binned maximum likelihood method. Results. We find that the LF of type-1 AGN is compatible with a pure lumin osity evolution (L(z) = L(0)(1 + z) kL ) model where kL ∼2.9. A small flattening of the faint ( L15 < L ∗ ) slope of the LF with increasing redshift is favoured by the data. A similar evolutionary scenario is found for the type-2 population with a rate kL ranging from∼1.8 to 2.6, depending significantly on the adopted mid-infra red spectral energy distribution. Also for type-2 AGN a flattening of the LF with i ncreasing redshift is suggested by the data, possibly cause d by the loss of a fraction of type-2 AGN hidden within the optically classifie d starburst and normal galaxies. The type-1 AGN contribution to the CIRB at 15� m is (4.2‐12.1)× 10 −11 Wm −2 sr −1 , while the type-2 AGN contribution is (5.5‐11.0)× 10 −11 W m −2 sr −1 . We expect that Spitzer will observe, down to a flux limit of S 24� m=0.01 mJy, a density of∼1200 deg −2 type-1 and∼1000 deg −2 type-2 optically classified AGN. Conclusions. AGN evolve in the mid-infrared with a rate similar to the ones found in the optical and X‐rays bands. The derived total contribution of the AGN to the CIRB (4-10%) and Spitzer counts should be considered as lower limits, because of a possible loss of type-2 sources caused by the optical classification.
New Developments in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targeting of the IDH1 Mutation in Glioma

In the last five years, IDH1 mutations in human malignancies have significantly shaped the diagnosis and management of cancer patients. Ongoing intense research efforts continue to alter our understanding of the role of the IDH1 mutation in tumor formation. Currently, evidence suggests the IDH1 mutation to be an early event in tumorigenesis with multiple downstream oncogenic consequences including maintenance of a hypermethylator phenotype, alterations in HIF signalling, and disruption of collagen maturation contributing to a cancer-promoting extracellular matrix. The most recent reports elucidating these mechanisms is described in this review with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of the IDH1 mutation in glioma. Conflicting findings from various studies are discussed, in order to highlight areas warranting further research. Finally, the latest progress in developing novel therapies against the IDH1 mutation is presented, including recent findings from ongoing phase 1 clinical trials and the exciting prospect of vaccine immunotherapy targeting the IDH1 mutant protein.
The Marketing of Sacred Goods

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the marketing of religious goods. In particular, we consider the activities of both consumers and retailers at the time of pilgrimage to saints' tombs. Unlike most consumer goods, the meaning attributed to religious goods, or the process by which goods acquire sacred meaning, involves not only the good or the context, but also the marketers themselves. The marketers' mediation process is intended to embed authenticity into the products or services they market; this authenticity is monotonically related to the retailer's proximity to the consumer's cultural world. Our conclusions suggest five different strategies of meaning transfer that retailers can adopt.
Patterns of variability and gene flow in Medicago citrina, an endangered endemic of islands in the western Mediterranean, as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

Medicago citrina is an endangered western Mediterranean endemic that grows only on small islets of the Balearic archipelago and off the eastern Spanish coast. Only 10 isolated subpopulations are currently known (four from Ibiza, three from Cabrera, two from Columbretes and one from an offshore islet in northern Alicante province), constituting a severely fragmented genetic system. Data were analysed with the unweighted pair‐group method using arithmetic averages (upgma) and principle coordinates analysis (pcoa), revealing several distinct groups. Genetic diversity indices indicated that Ibizan subpopulations had the highest genetic variability (Nei's index: 0.1463; Shannon's index: 0.228), whereas the lowest variability was found in Alicante (Nei's index: 0.035; Shannon's index: 0.050) and Cabrera (Nei's index: 0.068; Shannon's index: 0.104). These latter populations show the highest FST values (FST = 0.548) revealing high differentiation between them. Columbretes subpopulations formed a defined single group, although it also included some Ibizan samples. The smallest FST values, obtained between Ibiza and Columbretes (FST = 0.185), are not correlated with geographical proximity, but appear to be related to the geologically recent volcanic origin of the Columbretes islands (300 000 years ago). According to the distribution of the Ibizan samples in the dendrogram and the FST values, the best hypothesis is to regard the Ibizan subpopulations as the centre of genetic diversity of the currently known subpopulations. Our results suggest migratory scenarios from Ibiza to Columbretes based mainly on zoochory probably by seabirds. Finally, recommendations are provided for management strategies to facilitate the conservation of this endangered species.
[Percutaneous puncture technique for portofemorosubclavicular venovenous bypass in orthotopic liver transplantation].

UNLABELLED Portofemoro-axillary bypass systems are commonly used to treat adverse haemodynamic effects during the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, low shunt flows may reduce the efficacy of these bypass systems. In order to improve veno-venous bypass management, a percutaneous cannulation technique (PCT) was used to insert large-bore catheters (21 F) into the left femoral and subclavian veins. This study prospectively addresses the complications of the PCT in 195 adult patients undergoing 203 OLTs. METHODS The left femoral and subclavian veins were cannulated preoperatively with 21 F single-lumen catheters (DLP, Grand Rapids, MN, USA) using a Seldinger technique. Intra-operatively, the centrifugal pump (Biopump, Biomedicus, Minnesota, USA) and the portal part of the bypass were connected with the femoral and subclavian catheters. Coagulation profiles, shunt flows, haemodynamic parameters, and complications during OLT associated with the bypass system were recorded. RESULTS Percutaneous cannulation of the left subclavian and femoral veins was successful in 198 (97.6%) patients. Mean portofemoro-subclavian shuntflow was 4.3 (SD 1.3 l min-1). Although cardiac index (shunt 3.91 [SD 1.1] vs pre-shunt 4.42 [SD 1.0] l min-1 m-2, P < 0.05) and oxygen delivery (shunt 496 [SD 111] vs. pre-shunt 562 [SD 153] ml ml-1.m-2, P < 0.05) were not maintained at pre-shunt levels, renal perfusion pressure stayed above 50 mm Hg during the anhepatic phase. Two intra-operative air embolism (0.98%) and one myocardial infarction (0.49%) at the beginning of the anhepatic phase were observed. There were no bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS The portofemoro-subclavian bypass can be performed by percutaneous cannulation without additional complications in patients undergoing OLT. Although haemorrhagic complications following central venous catheterisation are reported to occur in patients with haemostatic defects, none of them was observed in this study. Two events of air embolism and one cardiac arrest could not be related to the PCT. In conclusion, femoro-subclavian percutaneous cannulation is a simple, rapid, and safe alternative to commonly used veno-venous bypass systems.
Regulatory focus at work : the moderating role of regulatory focus in the job demands-resources model

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of regulatory focus in the job demands‐resources model.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was conducted among 146 teachers in secondary education. It was expected that detrimental effects of job demands (i.e. workload, interpersonal conflict) on emotional exhaustion would be more pronounced among individuals with a strong prevention focus (oriented towards safety and security). Favorable effects of job resources (i.e. autonomy, social support) on motivational outcomes were expected to be more pronounced among individuals with a strong promotion focus (oriented towards growth and development). Findings – The hypotheses regarding the moderating role of prevention focus were confirmed, but the moderating effect of promotion focus appeared to be exactly opposite to expectations. The effect of job resources on motivational outcomes was more pronounced for individuals with a weak promotion focus.Originality/value – To the bes.
Estimation of Crowd Density Based on Wavelet and Support Vector Machine

Automatic estimation of crowd density is very important for the safety management of the crowds. In particular, when the density of the crowds exceeds a critical level, the safety of people in the crowd may be compromised. This paper describes a novel method to estimate the crowd density based on the combination of multi-scale analysis and a support vector machine. The algorithm will first transform the crowd image into multi-scale formats using wavelet transform. The first-order and second-order statistical features at each scale of the transformed images are then extracted as density character vectors. Furthermore, a classifier based on a support vector machine is designed to classify the extracted density character vectors into different density levels. Compared with the conventional statistical techniques and wavelet energy techniques used in single-scale images, the test results of a set of 300 images show that the proposed algorithm can achieve much improved performance and more detailed information of the crowd density can be captured by the new feature extraction method.
Do the Electrons and Ions in X-Ray Clusters Share the Same Temperature?

The virialization shock around an X-ray cluster primarily heats the ions, since they carry most of the kinetic energy of the infalling gas. Subsequently, the ions share their thermal energy with the electrons through Coulomb collisions. We quantify the expected temperature difference between the electrons and ions as a function of radius and time, based on a spherical self-similar model for the accretion of gas by a cluster in an Ω = 1, h50 = 1 universe. Clusters with X-ray temperatures TX = 4-10 × 107 K show noticeable differences between their electron and ion temperatures at radii ≳2 Mpc. High-resolution spectroscopy with future X-ray satellites such as Astro-E may be able to determine the ion temperature in intracluster gas from the width of its X-ray emission lines and compare it to the electron temperature as inferred from the free-free emission spectrum. Any difference between these temperatures can be used to date the period of time that has passed since the infalling gas joined the cluster.
Designing linear-phase digital differentiators a novel approach

In this paper two methods of designing efficiently a digital linear-phase differentiator of an arbitrary degree of differentiation are proposed. The first one utilizes a symbolic expression for the coefficients of a generic fractional delay filter and is based on a fundamental relationship between the coefficients of a digital differentiator and the coefficients of the generic FD filter. The second profits from one of the crucial attributes of the structure invented by Farrow for FD filters. It lies in an alternate symmetry and anti-symmetry of sub-filters which are linear-phase differentiators. The proposed design methods are illustrated by examples. Some practical remarks concerning the usage of the Farrow structure are also included.
Vaccination Against Schistosomiasis in Mice With Killed Schistosomula without Adjuvant

Abstract Attempts to develop a killed vaccine against schistosomiasis have generally resulted in failure. There are two recent reports, but unfortunately, harsh adjuvants were used in conjunction with the antigenic materials. In our laboratory, a killed vaccine was developed by freezing (-196°C) and thawing the schistosomula of S. mansoni. The use of such a preparation without adjuvant was effective in vaccinating mice. A worm reduction of 36.4-41.1% was achieved by one vaccinating injection, a 60.2% worm reduction by 3 injections, and a 63.7-66.0% reduction by 5 injections. The sequence of the development and the expression of the immune reactions were similar to those previously found in hosts immunized with highly X-irradiated schistosome organisms. Delayed hypersensitivity was demonstrated in histological sections of the skin in the challenged mice after one vaccination, showing that an adjuvant was not necessary to initiate the induction of cellular immunity.
Amateur Photographs as Visual Quotes

The participation of amateurs in the production of news has been widely noted as a growing phenomenon. Recent research demonstrates that amateur photographs are understood as raw, additional or potential elements of news content making and are subject to a translation process. In this paper, I introduce the concept of the visual quote to show how news media workers both accommodate and distance themselves from amateur content. In making the connection between amateur photographs and quotes, I aim to shift the understanding of amateur photographs away from the perception that they represent a new form of journalism. Instead I use the concept of the visual quote to identify how news media workers maintain their professional authority over amateur photographs in much the same way as quotes from bystanders are used in written journalism. The concept of the visual quote also acknowledges the role of the camera as a note-taking device in contemporary media use. I argue that the sourcing of amateur photographs is not explicitly disruptive; rather it blends with the existing processes of professional news media practice. It questions claims that the rise of the amateur would lead to fundamental changes in media and society. The research was conducted in 2010/2011 using interview evidence and observations collected at the Australian Leader Community Newspapers chain. Interviews were also conducted with representatives from a further 14 media institutions in Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom. In addition, secondary sources were used to provide further insights and suggest general tendencies in the field.
The principles and practice of educational management

PART ONE: THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT The Policy Context - Les Bell and Tony Bush Educational Management - Tony Bush Theory and Practice Autonomy and Self-Management - Brian J Caldwell Concepts and Evidence PART TWO: LEADERSHIP AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Leadership and Strategy - Yin Cheong Cheng School Leadership in Context - Societal and Organisational Cultures - Clive Dimmock and Allan Walker Vision and Strategic Planning - Jacky Lumby PART THREE: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Professional Development and Professionalism - Ray Bolam Appraisal and Performance Management - David Middlewood Managing for Equal Opportunities - Marianne Coleman PART FOUR: MANAGING LEARNING AND TEACHING Managing the Curriculum for Student Learning - Margaret Preedy Monitoring and Evaluating Learning - Ann R J Briggs PART FIVE: MANAGING FINANCE AND RESOURCES Efficiency, Equity and Autonomy - Rosalind Leva[ac]ci[ac]c Resource Acquisition and Allocation - Lesley Anderson PART SIX: MANAGING EXTERNAL RELATIONS Governance, Autonomy and Accountability in Education - Ron Glatter Marketing - Nick Foskett New Partnerships for Improvement - Les Bell PART SEVEN: MANAGING QUALITY IN EDUCATION Managing Change to Improve Learning - Hugh Busher External Evaluation and Inspection - Brian Fidler Understanding Quality - John West-Burnham