Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A MULTIOBJECTIVE PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR RESERVOIR OPERATIONS AND PLANNING

This paper presents an application of an evolutionary optimization algorithm for multiobjective analysis for reservoir operations and planning. A multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is used to find nondominated solutions with four objectives: (i) maximize annual firm water supply; (ii) maximize annual firm energy production; (iii) minimize flood risk; and (iv) maximize the overall reliability of the system. The results of this study showed that the MOPSO algorithm was able to find well distributed Pareto solutions in the objective space. An interactive graphical method was also developed to display nondominated solutions in such way that the best compromise solutions can be identified, for different relative importance given to each objective. The method allows the decision maker to explore the Pareto set and visualize not only the best compromise solution but also sets of solutions that provide similar compromises.
[The Distribution of Pediculus humanus capitis Among Primary School Pupils of the Turkish Chamber of Commerce and Stock Exchange Organisation in Van].

OBJECTIVE This study was performed in order to study the prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis (P. h. capitis). METHODS The study was carried out on pupils between 5-15 years old in a school and kindergarden belonging to the Turkish Chamber of Commerce and Stock Exchange Organization in Van City between November-December 2007. The hair of 863 pupils (especially the neck and the back of head areas), 385 girls and 478 boys, were examined for eggs, nymphs and adults of P. h. capitis. A questionnaire was given to the pupils, which was collected the following day. Lice and their eggs/nits, which were removed from the head of children were transferred to a bottle containing 5% glycerin in 70% ethyl alcohol. Later they were sent to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Health Research and Training Hospital of Yüzüncü Yıl University. RESULTS Eggs/nits were found in 164 (42.6%) of the girls and in 34 (7.1%) of the boys (overall 198 (22.9%) infested pupils). The prevalence of P. h. capitis was high, especially in girls. CONCLUSION The infestation rates observed and the evaluation of the questionnaire showed that there is a statistically significant relationships between pediculosis capitis and sex, level of family income, education level of the mother, number of baths taken per weekly, number of family members living in the same home, room number per capita, and hair length (p<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between pediculosis capitis and cleaning materials used to wash the head (p>0.05).
Strong and radiative decays of heavy flavored baryons

We analyze strong one-pion and radiative one-photon decays of heavy flavored baryons within a relativistic three-quark model. Employing the same parameters as were used for the description of the semileptonic decays of heavy baryons, we calculate the couplings of one-pion and one-photon transitions of both ground and excited heavy baryon states. We predict the decay rates for all relevant decay modes and compare them with experimental data when available and with the results of other model calculations.
Ripple-Free Sampling of Current Signals in Drives with Carrier-based PWM Patterns

This paper investigated the possibility of detecting the instantaneous fundamental component of current signals in electrical drives by sampling the current at the carrier's peak/valley (midpoints of zero vectors V0 and V7) in carrier-based PWM pulse patterns. PWM pattern that does not employ zero vectors or employs only one zero vector was also investigated. The observation can be extended to any carrier-based PWM patterns in which the time sequencing of the selected vectors are symmetrical in each carrier period. The conclusion was verified from both simulation and experiment
The Social Dimension of Entrepreneurship

This paper proposes an integrative framework to conceptualize important social dimensions of entrepreneurship. The paper reviews and evaluates the current status of research dealing with entrepreneurship, social capital and trust. The proposed framework rests on the recognition that entrepreneurial activities are results of social interactions and mechanisms. In consequence, entrepreneurship cannot merely be understood in terms of "personality characteristics" or in sterile economic terms. In closing, the paper addresses implications for practitioners and for research.
The supply of oxygen to the tissues and the regulation of the capillary circulation

IN a previous paper I have deduced from the distribution and number of capillaries(l), the diffusion rate for oxygen(2) and the oxygen consumption of the various tissues that the oxygen pressure everywhere in the organism and especially in the muscles must be practically equal to that of the capillary blood, the pressure head necessary to maintain the oxygen supply being extremely low. This deduction does not agree with the results of certain earlier investigations of the oxygen pressure in the tissues of warm blooded animals, and it will be necessary therefore to try and clear up the discrepancies. We can leave out of account as untrustworthy the determinations based upon the method of E hr 1 i c h (3), as the power of tissues to reduce certain stains has very little to do with the presence or absence of free molecular oxygen. As pointed out in my monograph on the respiratory exchange (4) (p. 77) the tension determinations on secretions (Strass burg(5), Fredericq (6)), which have usually shown that free oxygen is practically absent, are likewise untrustworthy, because oxygen is used up at a comparatively rapid rate (PflIUger(7), Krogh(4)) in the fluids in question, and there is definite evidence that in certain secretions (urine, K ro gh (4)) the 02 pressure is normally not much, if at all, lower than in the venous blood. The experiments of T ob i e s e n (8) show that any gas mixture (or pure gas) introduced into the pleural cavity of man will finally get an oxygen tension of 3-4 p.c. , and similar results have been found for the abdominal cavity of animals. Though it must be admitted that the introduction of air into the body may possibly influence the circulation in the adjoining tissues and increase their oxygen supply,
Resolution of Stressful Experiences as an Indicator of Coping Effectiveness in Young Adults: An Event History Analysis

Coping research has been limited by an almost exclusivefocus on emotional distress as an indicator of coping effectiveness. The present study considers the role of stressful event duration as an indicator of coping effectiveness. The effects of specific coping strategies on the duration and resolution of different types of stressful experiences was examined in a cross-sectional, retrospective study of a large young adult sample (N = 829; age range = 21 to 26; 60% female; 94% Caucasian). Results revealed that use of coping strategies varied among different types of stressors, which included interpersonal problems, role strains, illnesses, and transitional experiences. Event history analyses indicated that avoidance and active cognitive coping were linked with longer duration, while active behavioral coping was linked with shorter duration. These coping differences did not account for the differences in duration across stressor domain. Finally, the impact of coping on duration varied as events progressed.
Licensing Effect in Consumer Choice 261 Table 1

Vol. XLIII (May 2006), 259–266 259 © 2006, American Marketing Association ISSN: 0022-2437 (print), 1547-7193 (electronic) *Uzma Khan is Assistant Professor of Marketing, Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University (e-mail: khanu@andrew.cmu.edu). Ravi Dhar is George Rogers Clark Professor of Management and Marketing, School of Management, Yale University (e-mail: ravi.dhar@yale.edu). This article has benefited from suggestions by the guest editor, Ziv Carmon, and the two anonymous JMR reviewers. UZMA KHAN and RAVI DHAR*
Leaving legacies: African American men discuss the impact of their fathers on the development of their own paternal attitudes and behavior

ABSTRACT In recent years there has been an increase in research examining issues related to fathers. Despite these contributions to the literature, studies including primarily African American samples disproportionately feature fathers who are non-resident, low income, or incarcerated. Thus, little is known about African American men from across the social and economic spectrum. To fill this gap, this qualitative analysis features a diverse sample of African American men discussing their relationships with their fathers and influence of those relationships on their own fathering attitudes and behaviors. Findings revealed that most of the participants modeled their fathers’ behavior. The findings also revealed that participants described their parenting as attempts to leave their children and communities with a legacy of engaged fathering.
The mediating role of positive affectivity on testing the relationship of engagement to academic achievement: an empirical investigation of tourism students

ABSTRACT Undergraduate tourism and hospitality students participated in the current study to investigate the effect of student engagement and positive affectivity on academic achievement. Additionally, positive affectivity is treated as a mediating variable between engagement and achievement. The study sample was amassed at a university in Northern Cyprus. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses revealed that student engagement and positive affectivity had a significantly positive effect on academic achievement. The results also depicted a full mediation of positive affectivity between engagement and achievement. A variance inflation factor test did not reveal inflated results. In addition, Harmans’ single factor test revealed that the common method bias issue is well below the cut-off point. Limitations and implications are also discussed.
Differential Impairment of Lytic and Cytokine Functions in Senescent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

ABSTRACT Telomere length is abnormally short in the CD8+ T-cell compartment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons, likely because of chronic cell turnover. Although clonal exhaustion of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been proposed as a mechanism for loss of antigen-specific responses, the functional consequences of exhaustion are poorly understood. Here we used telomerase transduction to evaluate the impact of senescence on CTL effector functions. Constitutive expression of telomerase in an HIV-1-specific CTL clone results in enhanced proliferative capacity, in agreement with prior studies of other human cell types. Whereas the CTL remain phenotypically normal in terms of antigenic specificity and requirements for proliferation, their cytolytic and antiviral capabilities are superior to those of control CTL. In contrast, their ability to produce gamma interferon and RANTES is essentially unchanged. The selective enhancement of cytolytic function in memory CTL by ectopic telomerase expression implies that loss of this function (but not cytokine production) is a specific consequence of replicative senescence. These data suggest a unifying mechanism for the in vivo observations that telomere lengths are shortened in the CD8+ cells of HIV-1-infected persons and that HIV-1-specific CTL are deficient in perforin. Telomerase transduction could therefore be a tool with which to explore a potential therapeutic approach to an important pathophysiologic process of immune dysfunction in chronic viral infection.
Effects of Potent Inhibitors of the Retinoid Cycle on Visual Function and Photoreceptor Protection from Light Damage in Mice

Regeneration of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal is essential for the generation of light-sensitive visual pigments in the vertebrate retina. A deficiency in 11-cis-retinal production leads to congenital blindness in humans; however, a buildup of the photoisomerized chromophore can also be detrimental. Such is the case when the photoisomerized all-trans-retinal is produced but cannot be efficiently cleared from the internal membrane of the outer segment discs. Sustained increase of all-trans-retinal can lead to the formation of toxic condensation products in the eye. Thus, there is a need for potent, selective inhibitors that can regulate the flux of retinoids through the metabolism pathway termed the visual (retinoid) cycle. Here we systematically study the effects of the most potent inhibitor of this cycle, retinylamine (Ret-NH2), on visual function in mice. Prolonged, sustainable, but reversible suppression of the visual function was observed by Ret-NH2 as a result of its storage in a prodrug form, N-retinylamides. Direct comparison of other inhibitors such as fenretinide and 13-cis-retinoic acid showed multiple advantages of Ret-NH2 and its amides, including a higher potency, specificity, and lower transcription activation. Our results also revealed that mice treated with Ret-NH2 were completely resistant to the light-induced retina damage. As an experimental tool, Ret-NH2 allows the replacement of the native chromophore with synthetic analogs in wild-type mice to better understand the function of the chromophore in the activation of rhodopsin and its metabolism through the retinoid cycle.
Superoxide increases angiotensin II AT1 receptor function in human kidney‐2 cells

The redox‐sensitive Sp family transcription factor has been linked to the regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). However, the exact mechanism of AT1R regulation in renal cells is poorly understood. We tested the specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide vs. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the specific role of Sp3 transcription factor, if any, in the regulation of AT1R in human kidney cells (HK2 cells). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), but not H2O2 treatment, increased fluorescence levels of superoxide probe dihydroethidium (DHE). H2O2, but not DETC, treatment increased the fluorescence of the H2O2‐sensitive probe dichloro‐dihydro‐fluorescein (DCFH). These data suggest that SOD inhibition by DETC increases the superoxide but not H2O2 and exogenously added H2O2 is not converted to superoxide in renal cells. Furthermore, DETC, but not H2O2, treatment increased nuclear accumulation of Sp3, which was attenuated with the superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐mimetic tempol. DETC treatment also increased AT1R mRNA and protein levels that were attenuated with tempol, whereas H2O2 did not have any effects on AT1R mRNA. Moreover, Sp3 overexpression increased, while Sp3 depletion by siRNA decreased, protein levels of AT1R. In addition, Sp3 siRNA in the presence of DETC decreased AT1R protein expression. Furthermore, DETC treatment increased the levels of cell surface AT1R as measured by biotinylation and immunofluorescence studies. Angiotensin II increased PKC activity in vehicle‐treated cells that further increased in DETC‐treated cells, which was attenuated by AT1R blocker candesartan and SOD‐mimetic tempol. Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide, but not H2O2, via Sp3 up‐regulates AT1R expression and function in the renal cells.
Anthrax Lethal Factor as an Immune Target in Humans and Transgenic Mice and the Impact of HLA Polymorphism on CD4+ T Cell Immunity

Bacillus anthracis produces a binary toxin composed of protective antigen (PA) and one of two subunits, lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF). Most studies have concentrated on induction of toxin-specific antibodies as the correlate of protective immunity, in contrast to which understanding of cellular immunity to these toxins and its impact on infection is limited. We characterized CD4+ T cell immunity to LF in a panel of humanized HLA-DR and DQ transgenic mice and in naturally exposed patients. As the variation in antigen presentation governed by HLA polymorphism has a major impact on protective immunity to specific epitopes, we examined relative binding affinities of LF peptides to purified HLA class II molecules, identifying those regions likely to be of broad applicability to human immune studies through their ability to bind multiple alleles. Transgenics differing only in their expression of human HLA class II alleles showed a marked hierarchy of immunity to LF. Immunogenicity in HLA transgenics was primarily restricted to epitopes from domains II and IV of LF and promiscuous, dominant epitopes, common to all HLA types, were identified in domain II. The relevance of this model was further demonstrated by the fact that a number of the immunodominant epitopes identified in mice were recognized by T cells from humans previously infected with cutaneous anthrax and from vaccinated individuals. The ability of the identified epitopes to confer protective immunity was demonstrated by lethal anthrax challenge of HLA transgenic mice immunized with a peptide subunit vaccine comprising the immunodominant epitopes that we identified.
Intergenerational Transmission, Attitudes, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Times of War: A Comparison between Elderly People and Their Adult Offspring after the Second Lebanon War (2006) and Casting Lead Operation (2008)

Background: While the effects of war on individuals, age groups, and communities have been thoroughly studied, there has been relatively little mention in the literature regarding its differential effects on adult children and their elderly parents and grandparents. Methods: Three hundred thirty-eight participants (167 elderly parents and 171 adult offspring) living in the northern and southern regions of Israel, were interviewed after the Second Lebanon War (2006) and the Casting Lead Operation (2008). (A military operation took place at the Israeli southern border as a reaction to the 7 years of missiles bombing from the Gaza strip to the Israeli civilians.) The participants were sampled by a cluster sampling. Findings: Elderly population experiences higher levels of PTSD symptoms than their adult children do. Women experience higher levels of PTSD symptoms than men and Israeli Arabs and Druze more than Israeli Jews. Conclusions: A policy should be enacted among the local authorities and the governmental offices that would ensure accessibility to and the ability to provide proper care for the elderly population during times of war or terror events. In addition, it is important to setup local teams in every local community to deal with the level of mental and emotional preparedness of the home front and its inhabitants, in case the latter should again become part of the human casualties of the wars and terrorist events that occur in Israel.
Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica

SUMMARY Rising levels of atmospheric CO2 lead to acidification of the ocean and alter seawater carbonate chemistry, which can negatively impact calcifying organisms, including mollusks. In estuaries, exposure to elevated CO2 levels often co-occurs with other stressors, such as reduced salinity, which enhances the acidification trend, affects ion and acid–base regulation of estuarine calcifiers and modifies their response to ocean acidification. We studied the interactive effects of salinity and partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) on biomineralization and energy homeostasis in juveniles of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, a common estuarine bivalve. Juveniles were exposed for 11 weeks to one of two environmentally relevant salinities (30 or 15 PSU) either at current atmospheric PCO2 (∼400 μatm, normocapnia) or PCO2 projected by moderate IPCC scenarios for the year 2100 (∼700–800 μatm, hypercapnia). Exposure of the juvenile oysters to elevated PCO2 and/or low salinity led to a significant increase in mortality, reduction of tissue energy stores (glycogen and lipid) and negative soft tissue growth, indicating energy deficiency. Interestingly, tissue ATP levels were not affected by exposure to changing salinity and PCO2, suggesting that juvenile oysters maintain their cellular energy status at the expense of lipid and glycogen stores. At the same time, no compensatory upregulation of carbonic anhydrase activity was found under the conditions of low salinity and high PCO2. Metabolic profiling using magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed altered metabolite status following low salinity exposure; specifically, acetate levels were lower in hypercapnic than in normocapnic individuals at low salinity. Combined exposure to hypercapnia and low salinity negatively affected mechanical properties of shells of the juveniles, resulting in reduced hardness and fracture resistance. Thus, our data suggest that the combined effects of elevated PCO2 and fluctuating salinity may jeopardize the survival of eastern oysters because of weakening of their shells and increased energy consumption.
Morphology of number in English: a cognitive perspective

In this paper the authors address morphology of English number in the cognitive perspective by showing how semantic changes originate in conceptual processes that exploit morphological forms of number to express a vast range of lexico-grammatical senses in the process of communication. In attempting to provide an account of this issue a cognitively-based theory of morphological representation is situated within a general context of cognitive linguistics. An account of morphological concept is presented, the process of morphological representation is modeled, factors, influencing the process of forming sense are singled out. Finally the authors lay special emphasis on the fact that the possibility of number forms to express variety of meanings is caused by conceptual processes which underlie the morphological representation.
Acupuncture Decreases Blood Pressure Related to Hypothalamus Functional Connectivity with Frontal Lobe, Cerebellum, and Insula: A Study of Instantaneous and Short-Term Acupuncture Treatment in Essential Hypertension

The therapeutic effects of acupuncture in decreasing blood pressure are ambiguous and underlying acupuncture in hypertension treatment has not been investigated. Our objective was to observe the change of quality of life and compare the differences in brain functional connectivity by investigating instantaneous and short-term acupuncture treatment in essential hypertension patients. A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into the LR3 group and sham acupoint group. Subjects received resting-state fMRI among preacupuncture, postinstantaneous, and short-term acupuncture treatment in two groups. Hypothalamus was selected as the seed point to analyze the changes in connectivity. We found three kinds of results: (1) There was statistical difference in systolic blood pressure in LR3 group after the short-term treatment and before acupuncture. (2) Compared with sham acupoint, acupuncture at LR3 instantaneous effects in the functional connectivity with seed points was more concentrated in the frontal lobe. (3) Compared with instantaneous effects, acupuncture LR3 short-term effects in the functional connectivity with seed points had more regions in frontal lobe, cerebellum, and insula. These brain areas constituted a neural network structure with specific functions that could explain the mechanism of therapy in hypertension patients by LR3 acupoint.