Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duration of venous thromboembolism risk across a continuum in medically ill hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized for medical illness are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the duration of risk is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To assess incidence and time course of symptomatic VTE following hospitalization for medical illness in a large, real-world patient population. DESIGN Data were extracted from the Thomson Reuters MarketScan(®) Inpatient Drug Link File. PATIENTS Those hospitalized with cancer, heart failure, severe lung disease, or infectious disease from 2005 to 2008. MEASUREMENTS The cumulative VTE risk over 180 days after admission was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. VTE hazard was calculated on a daily basis and smoothed through LOESS regression. RESULTS The analysis included 11,139 medically ill patients, 46.7% and 8.8% of whom received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis during hospitalization and after discharge, respectively. The mean duration of prophylaxis during hospitalization was 5.0 days. Of the 11,139 patients, 366 (3.3%) experienced a symptomatic VTE event. VTE events were most frequent during days 0-9 (97 events), followed by days 10-19 (82 events). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.3 days, and 56.6% of all VTE events occurred after discharge. VTE hazard peaked at day 8, with 1.05 events per 1000 person-days. CONCLUSIONS The time course of VTE in medical patients shows that risk of symptomatic VTE is highest during the first 19 days after hospital admission, and extends into the period after discharge. Future research is warranted to investigate risks and benefits of reducing the incidence of VTE after discharge, including the role of improving thromboprophylaxis practices in the inpatient setting and extending thromboprophylaxis after hospitalization.
SERO-PREVALENCE OF HCV AND ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS WITH HIV AND HBV AMONG PRISONERS IN LAHORE

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and its co-infection with HIV or HBV is associated with an accelerated course of the disease and may result in more rapid progression of either or both, but knowledge on these dynamics in the imprisoned is scarce particularly in the developing world. Hence in this study we evaluated the prevalence of HCV infection and its associated co-infections with HBV or HIV in the prison population of Lahore. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross – sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection in prisons of Lahore (Pakistan) between May and November 2009. In this study, 4915 prisoners participated; 91.5% of them were males, and 8.5% females. Median age of prisoners was 28 years. Jail inmates were tested for serological markers – HBsAg, HCV antibodies and HIV antibodies – by chromatographic immunoassay. Initially reactive sera were retested for HBV and HCV with ELISA and for HIV with another rapid method. Results: In total, 783 (15.93%) prisoners were positive for HCV and 105 (2.13%) of all prisoners were registered having co-infection with HIV, HBV or both. Among 783 HCV positive prisoners 72 (9.19 %) had HIV co-infection, HCV / HBV co-infection was observed in 30 cases (3.83%) and triple co-infection (HCV / HBV / HIV) in three cases (0.38%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of HCV infection is quite high in the prison population of Pakistan and is mainly complicated with HIV co-infection. It is imperative that HCV, HIV and HBV prevention strategies be intensified in this community.
Personal Disaster and Emergency Support Networks of Older Adults in a Rural Community: Changes After Participation in a Preparedness Program

Abstract Objective Personal disaster and emergency support networks of rural older adults are described before and after participation in a disaster preparedness intervention, PrepWise. Methods At baseline, a total of 194 disaster support network members were identified by 27 older adults in a rural Midwest community. After the intervention, these participants identified 232 support network members. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed to identify characteristics of the network members and social interactions associated with support providers at baseline as well as newly added support sources after the PrepWise intervention. Results Member and interaction characteristics associated with being identified as emergency support sources at baseline were as follows: family, lived in close proximity, weekly or more frequent contact, and being someone whom participants shared concerns with, trusted, and exchanged emotional support with. After receiving PrepWise, participants on average identified 3 new sources of emergency support within their networks. Support sources added at follow-up tended to be nonfamily members and those participants trusted. Conclusions Enhancements in personal emergency support networks occurred after the intervention. Understanding characteristics of the network members and social interactions may assist in identifying additional emergency support sources. Larger studies investigating the impacts of enhanced support networks on disaster-related behaviors and outcomes will be beneficial. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:110–119)
Exploring appraisal in claims of student writers in argumentative essays

This paper presents some exploratory observations on appraisal in a set of 40 undergraduate students’ argumentative essays. Written texts can be seen to embody, initiate, or simulate various kinds of interpersonal and textual interaction, working together with ideation, as their writers develop and evaluate arguments for reader consideration. In our ongoing research, we investigate the linguistic resources on which undergraduate writers draw for this complex set of intellectual and dialogic purposes. In this paper, we concentrate on the evaluative wording of claims in an English language essay as captured within the framework of appraisal theory (Martin 2000; White 2002). We focus on how student writers convey, and sometimes negotiate, evaluative meanings in claims that they make. Evaluative linguistic choices made by writers of high-rated and lowrated essays appear quite similar in the general incidence of appraisal system resources. At a finer level of analysis, different trends begin to emerge regarding the types of ENGAGEMENT resources used and their combination with GRADUATION and ATTITUDINAL resources in writers’ claims. We briefly consider implications for research and pedagogy.
Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor- mediation of endotoxin action on growth hormone

J. A. Daniel, T. H. Elsasser, A. Martı́nez, B. Steele, B. K. Whitlock, and J. L. Sartin Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Growth Biology Laboratory, Beltsville; Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
Reputation and Predecessor Selection: Parsons and the Institutionalists

Previous research contends that when Talcott Parsons developed the substantive argument of The Structure of Social Action, he turned away from the theoretical emptiness of American social science and drew on the ideas offour European social thinkersWeber, Durkheim, Pareto, and Marshall. Such research exemplifies the "content-fit model" of predecessor selection, which assumes that intellectual predecessors are chosen on the basis of a fit between their ideas and the project of the thinker who engages them. This modelfails to explain Parsons's exclusion of the American institutionalists, most notably his Amherst teachers Walton Hamilton and Clarence Ayres, whose work fit directly with the argument of The Structure of Social Action. Institutionalist work was also characterized, however, by its negative reputation, particularly at Harvard University in the 1920s and 1930s, where Marshall, Pareto, Durkheim, and Weber were thinkers of growing reputational standing. Examination of Parsons's involvement in the local Harvard network indicates that contemporary reputational judgments decisively affected his choice of intellectual predecessors. This analysis also brings to light the organizational and institutional conditions under which a "reputational model" is required to understand the process of predecessor selection.
A fundamental residue pitch perception bias for tone language speakers

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. The residue pitch task 2 1.2. Residue pitch in general pitch processing theories 4 1.3. Acoustic influence in residue pitch processing 6 1.4. Individual variation in residue pitch processing 7 1.5. The experiment 9 METHODS 10 2.1. Subjects 10 2.1. Stimuli 11 2.2.1. Experimental stimuli 11 2.2.2. Control tones 12 2.1. Procedure 13 2.1. Data analysis 14 2.1. Stimulus confounds 15
The Eocene Arctic Azolla bloom: environmental conditions, productivity and carbon drawdown

Enormous quantities of the free‐floating freshwater fern Azolla grew and reproduced in situ in the Arctic Ocean during the middle Eocene, as was demonstrated by microscopic analysis of microlaminated sediments recovered from the Lomonosov Ridge during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302. The timing of the Azolla phase (~48.5 Ma) coincides with the earliest signs of onset of the transition from a greenhouse towards the modern icehouse Earth. The sustained growth of Azolla, currently ranking among the fastest growing plants on Earth, in a major anoxic oceanic basin may have contributed to decreasing atmospheric pCO2 levels via burial of Azolla‐derived organic matter. The consequences of these enormous Azolla blooms for regional and global nutrient and carbon cycles are still largely unknown. Cultivation experiments have been set up to investigate the influence of elevated pCO2 on Azolla growth, showing a marked increase in Azolla productivity under elevated (760 and 1910 ppm) pCO2 conditions. The combined results of organic carbon, sulphur, nitrogen content and 15N and 13C measurements of sediments from the Azolla interval illustrate the potential contribution of nitrogen fixation in a euxinic stratified Eocene Arctic. Flux calculations were used to quantitatively reconstruct the potential storage of carbon (0.9–3.5 1018 gC) in the Arctic during the Azolla interval. It is estimated that storing 0.9 1018 to 3.5 1018 g carbon would result in a 55 to 470 ppm drawdown of pCO2 under Eocene conditions, indicating that the Arctic Azolla blooms may have had a significant effect on global atmospheric pCO2 levels through enhanced burial of organic matter.
Juvenile adaptation to imprisonment: Feelings of safety, autonomy and well-being, and behaviour in prison

Adaptation to imprisonment involves feelings of safety, autonomy, well-being, stress or misbehaviour among detained offenders. According to importation theory, characteristics such as previous experiences of imprisonment or psychiatric problems affect the adaptation of offenders to imprisonment; deprivation theory, in contrast, focuses on factors such as social interactions with peers or staff and fairness in procedures or in daily life encounters. In this study, adaptation to imprisonment and the relationship with importation and deprivation factors were investigated among 207 juvenile offenders incarcerated in Dutch juvenile correctional institutions. A cross -sectional multi-method design was used, including a survey, screening instruments, records and qualitative interviews. Controlling for importation characteristics, strong associations of adaptation to imprisonment were found with interactions with peers and staff, justice, daily activities and the number of juveniles in a group. The study provides valuable insight into the factors related to adaptation to imprisonment, which can help to improve safety in prison and, subsequently, could be useful in increasing the motivation of juveniles to participate in treatment programmes. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Motivational interviewing in health care: results of a brief training in endocrinology.

BACKGROUND Despite the importance of lifestyle change in disease management and the growing evidence supporting motivational interviewing (MI) as an effective counseling method to promote behavioral change, to date there are few published reports about MI training in graduate medical education. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to pilot the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief MI training intervention for endocrinology fellows and other providers. METHODS We used a pretest/posttest design to evaluate a brief MI training for 5 endocrinology fellows and 9 other providers. All participants completed subjective assessments of perceived confidence and beliefs about behavioral counseling at pretest and posttest. Objective assessment of MI was conducted using fellows' audiotaped patient encounters, which were coded using a validated tool for adherence to MI before and after the training. Paired t tests examined changes in objective and subjective assessments. RESULTS The training intervention was well received and feasible in the endocrinology setting. At posttest, participants reported increased endorsement of the MI spirit and improved confidence in MI skills. Objective assessment revealed relative improvements in MI skills across several domains. However, most domains, as assessed by a validated tool, did not reach competency level after the training intervention. CONCLUSIONS Although more intensive training may be needed to develop MI competence, the results of our pilot study suggest that brief, targeted MI training has short-term efficacy and is well received by endocrinology fellows and other providers.
The influence of HIV knowledge, beliefs, and religiosity on sexual risk behaviours of private school adolescents

Despite the rapid increase of HIV infections among South Africa’s adolescent population, many teenagers continue to pa ake in sexually risky behaviours. The between these variables. Placed within a quantitative framework, 123 “socioeconomically advantaged” Grade 11 and 12 learners (ages 16 to 19) from two randomly selected private schools in Cape Town completed four self-administered has been identified for HIV prevention programmes to be specifically designed to meet the needs of the target audience. It is, therefore, hoped that the results of this study can contribute positively towards the development of effective, targetrt theory of planned action accounts for the low correlation between information and behaviour by identifying the strong influence of behavioural intentions, attitudes towards the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control in determining behaviour change. This research project primarily aims to assess the levels of sexual risk-taking behaviours, HIV-related knowledge, beliefs, and religiosity of private school adolescents, as well as to determine the nature of the relationships questionnaires. The HIV-KQ-18 questionnaire measured HIV-related knowledge, the Sexual History Questionnaire (SHQ) assessed sexual risk behaviour, the Sexual Risk Behavior Beliefs and Self-Efficacy Scales (SRBBS) measured the effect of attitudes, norms, self-efficacy and barriers to condoms on sexual risktaking and protective behaviour, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) assessed strength of religious beliefs. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations and t-tests. Results showed that respondents engaged in lower levels of sexual risk-taking behaviour than those reported in South African literature from differing populations. A high level of HIV knowledge and reasonably high acceptance of safe-sex behaviours among respondents was also noted. No other significant differences were identified between this study and recent South African literature. The results of this study lend support to the relevance of the theory of planned behaviour. A strong need specific HIV-prevention programmes.
Is Exporting a Source of Productivity Spillovers?

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants in the same industry and on plants in vertically related industries. Using data for Chilean manufacturing plants from 1990 to 1999, we find strong evidence that domestic as well as foreign-owned exporting plants improve productivity of local suppliers. We also find some evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting but these are mainly generated by plants with foreign ownership. These results suggest that positive productivity spillovers are not only generated by the presence of foreign-owned exporting plants but also by exporting activity of domestic firms. The results are robust to controls for agglomeration of economic activity, the importance of non-exporting foreign-owned plants, and plant unobserved heterogeneity.
Panel Vector Autoregressive Models: A Survey

This paper provides an overview of the panel VAR models used in macroeconomics and finance. It discusses what are their distinctive features, what they are used for, and how they can be derived from economic theory. It also describes how they are estimated and how shock identification is performed, and compares panel VARs to other approaches used in the literature to deal with dynamic models involving heterogeneous units. Finally, it shows how structural time variation can be dealt with and illustrates the challenges that they present to researchers interested in studying cross-unit dynamics interdependences in heterogeneous setups.
QUO-VADIS MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM HISTORIS DAN HISTORIOGRAFI SENI RUPA INDONESIA

The multicultural paradigm has become a frequent topic of discussion as its key values con-cerning the spirit of respecting differences. The fact that differences are commonly considered a threat in Modern- ist philosophy has led particularity space becoming increasingly negated. In an Indonesian context, multiculturalism has a long historical basis, one tied inexorably with the nations nature as an absolute constructed from plural complexity. Hence, multiculturalism should be involved in every cultural activi- ty, at any time and in any context, including the Fine Arts. Within this discipline, multiculturalism has been the main concern, considering that the Fine Arts deal with creativity and aesthetic terminologies which cannot be separated from the discussion of differences. What then becomes the main concern is the fact that this multicultural aspect has unconsciously become a quo-vadisreality in other cultural main- streams.
Spatial Normalization and Averaging of Diffusion Tensor MRI Data Sets

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is unique in providing information about both the structural integrity and the orientation of white matter fibers in vivo and, through "tractography", revealing the trajectories of white matter tracts. DT-MRI is therefore a promising technique for detecting differences in white matter architecture between different subject populations. However, while studies involving analyses of group averages of scalar quantities derived from DT-MRI data have been performed, as yet there have been no similar studies involving the whole tensor. Here we present the first step towards realizing such a study, i.e., the spatial normalization of whole tensor data sets. The approach is illustrated by spatial normalization of 10 DT-MRI data sets to a standard anatomical template. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are described for assessing the results of spatial normalization. Techniques are then described for combining the spatially normalized data sets according to three definitions of average, i.e., the mean, median, and mode of a distribution of tensors. The current absence of, and hence need for, appropriate statistical tests for comparison of results derived from group-averaged DT-MRI data sets is then discussed. Finally, the feasibility of performing tractography on the group-averaged DT-MRI data set is investigated and the possibility and implications of generating a generic map of brain connectivity from a group of subjects is considered.
The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake Sequence: Complex Conjugate Strike-Slip Faulting

The 1999 M_w 7.1 Hector Mine mainshock showed right-lateral strike-slip faulting, with an initial strike of N6°W and vertical dip. The mainshock was preceded within 20 hours by 18 recorded foreshocks of 1.5 ≤ M ≤ 3.8 within a few kilometers distance of the mainshock hypocenter. The aftershocks delineate how the Hector Mine earthquake ruptured with strike N6°W to the south for a distance of 15 km, and possibly to the north for a distance of several kilometers. The two largest aftershocks of M 5.9 and M 5.7 occurred near the north and south ends of the first mainshock rupture segment. The second segment of rupture, starting 15 km to the south away from the mainshock hypocenter, delineated by strike-slip and thrust-faulting aftershocks, extends 10 km farther away with a strike of S140°E along the Bullion fault. The aftershocks also outline an unusual third rupture segment, extending from about 5 km south of the hypocenter with a strike of N30°W to N35°W for a distance of 20 km. Approximately 10 to 25 km farther to the north and west of the mainshock epicenter, several clusters form a complex aftershock distribution. Three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs models of the region exhibit only small regional changes, as is typical for the Mojave region. Nonetheless, the mainshock rupture started within a region of rapidly varying Vp, and at least three regions of low Vp/Vs are imaged within the aftershock zone. The rate of decay for the Hector Mine earthquake sequence has been slightly above the mean for both p-values and b-values in southern California. The focal mechanisms of the aftershocks and the state of stress are consistent with strike-slip faulting, including a component of normal faulting most prominent to the north. The orientation of the regional maximum horizontal stress, the variation in orientation of the mainshock fault segments by 30°, and scattered distribution of aftershocks suggest that the mainshock and aftershock deformation field exhibit volumetric shear deformation accommodated by complex conjugate sets of strike-slip faults.
Chemical Profile and Amino Acids Composition of Edible Mushrooms Pleurotus sajor-caju

Two varieties of Pleurotus sajor-caju, obtained from the wild and cultivated (on shredded corncobs) were separated into cap and stalk and analysed on dry weight basis. The proximate composition (g/100g) showed that both varieties were highly concentrated in crude protein. The cultivated cap (Cc) was found to accumulate higher concentration of crude protein (26.34%) and ash (10.37%) than the wild cap (Wc), which had higher crude fat (3.90%) and crude fibre (16.32%) concentrations while the wild stalk (Ws) contained the highest concentration of crude fibre (26.14%). Amino acid analysis showed the mushroom protein to be a rich source of nutritionally useful essential amino acids with leucine as the most abundant occurring in highest concentration (mg/g) in the Cc (64.8±0.24). Methionine and cysteine concentrations were low as confirmed by their chemical scores (0.29–0.59). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the distribution of amino acids in the mushroom varieties and parts. The total essential amino acid (TEAA) in the cultivated range between 42.91–43.69% while in the wild it was between 42.90–43.73 % of the total amino acid content. The amino acid concentration was a function of mushroom variety and part selected.