Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is Going On Around Here? Intolerance of Uncertainty Predicts Threat Generalization

Attending to stimuli that share perceptual similarity to learned threats is an adaptive strategy. However, prolonged threat generalization to cues signalling safety is considered a core feature of pathological anxiety. One potential factor that may sustain over-generalization is sensitivity to future threat uncertainty. To assess the extent to which Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) predicts threat generalization, we recorded skin conductance in 54 healthy participants during an associative learning paradigm, where threat and safety cues varied in perceptual similarity. Lower IU was associated with stronger discrimination between threat and safety cues during acquisition and extinction. Higher IU, however, was associated with generalized responding to threat and safety cues during acquisition, and delayed discrimination between threat and safety cues during extinction. These results were specific to IU, over and above other measures of anxious disposition. These findings highlight: (1) a critical role of uncertainty-based mechanisms in threat generalization, and (2) IU as a potential risk factor for anxiety disorder development.
Comparison of Three Different Epidural Solutions in Cardiac Surgery for Stress Protection

Background: Different solutions are possible for thoracic epidural analgesia in cardiac surgery. So far, local an- esthetics alone or in combination with either clonidine or opioids have been used. Aims: To determine the stress protection provided by different epidural solutions throughout cardiac surgery. Study Design: A randomized, prospective, double blind study in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), randomized in three different groups. Thoracic epidural analgesia was installed more than 1 h before application of heparin at levels of T2 to T4; analgesia was provided by 8 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% 15 min prior to surgery and extubation, and 10 ml/h during and up to 72 h after surgery using one of the following regimens: bupivacaine 0.125% solely, bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 3 � g/mL or bupivacaine 0.125% with clonidine 0.6 � g/mL. Patients were block- randomized for one of the three treatments. Cortisol and glucose values were determined before surgery, at extubation and 1h and 3h after surgery. Pain scores were assessed up to 48 h after surgery. Hemodynamic stability was also recorded in form of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multi-comparison ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the data, presented as mean (SD) or median (25 th and 75 th percentile), P < 0.05. Study Setting: A cardiac surgery unit at a tertiary university hospital. Participants: Forty-two patients undergoing OPCAB were enrolled. Main Results: All patient data as well hemodynamic stability were not different between the three groups. All patients were successfully extubated in theatre immediately after surgery. Pain control was good and not significantly different be- tween the groups. Mean glucose concentrations ± SD before surgery and (significantly higher) 3h after surgery were 5.4 ± 1.0 mmol l -1 and 8.4 ± 1.6 mmol l -1 for bupivacaine alone, 5.2 ± 0.5 mmol l -1 and 8.5 ± 2.2 mmol l -1 for bupivacaine plus fentanyl and 5.5 ± 1.6 mmol l -1 and 9.5 ± 2.1mmol l -1 for bupivacaine and clonidine, respectively. The mean cortisol val- ues ± SD in the pre-operative period and 3h after surgery were 413 ± 162 nmol l -1 and 562 ± 173 nmol l -1 for bupivacaine alone, 393 ± 107 nmol l -1 and 581 ± 265 nmol l -1 for bupivacaine and fentanyl and 409 ± 159 nmol l -1 and 570 ± 160 nmol l -1 for bupivacaine and clonidine, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: We conclude that short-term stress protection with TEA is equally effective with solely bupivacaine, bupivacaine with fentanyl or clonidine.
‘As a woman I cannot just leave the house’: gendered spaces and HIV vulnerability in marriages in Kenya

Abstract This article analyses how spaces are implicated in extramarital sex and HIV transmission in marriage. Drawing on the experiences and practices of married women and men in Kenya, we demonstrate how intersectionality is expressed through the social organization of space to shape particular patterns of femininity and masculinity and enable, mostly, men’s infidelity and the possibility of the HIV risk. HIV mitigation policies focus mostly on altering individual-level behaviours but we argue that the invisibility of space in the sociology of gender, and in gender and HIV research, limits our analysis of the production and organization of extramarital sex as a key pathway to HIV infection in marriage. Therefore, our understanding of the gendered dimensions of HIV transmission in marriage may be improved by considering the socio-spatial structures within which marital infidelity occurs and move public health HIV interventions beyond individual-level interventions.
Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies

In order to assess the real impact of different governmental arrangements on democratization, we must penetrate beyond general categories for classifying constitutional systems and measure the power of specific institutions. This essay presents a new instrument for measuring the powers of national legislatures across different constitutional frameworks that examines the postcommunist countries' Freedom House scores and ratings on a Parliamentary Powers Index at the constitutional moment and beyond. The evidence shows that the strength of the national legislature may be an institutional key to democratization.
Combating Adult Unemployment through Post-training Support in Non-formal Education and Training Programmes in South Africa

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of institutional linkages of adult non-formal education and training (NFET) centres in providing post-training support for skills utilisation in wage employment of graduates in South Africa. The centres’ institutional linkages with public institutions and agencies, private sectors are meant to improve skills utilisation in the labour market. Survey questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and semi-structured interviews and document analysis were used for qualitative data collection. The findings show that the weak institutional centre linkages result in graduates not having access to post-training support from institutions and agencies available in the local communities. The author concludes that without linking the NFET programmes to stakeholders who provide post-training support, the NFET graduates will remain unemployed and live in chronic poverty.
The effect of training volume and intensity on improvements in muscular strength and size in resistance-trained men

This investigation compared the effect of high‐volume (VOL) versus high‐intensity (INT) resistance training on stimulating changes in muscle size and strength in resistance‐trained men. Following a 2‐week preparatory phase, participants were randomly assigned to either a high‐volume (VOL; n = 14, 4 × 10–12 repetitions with ~70% of one repetition maximum [1RM], 1‐min rest intervals) or a high‐intensity (INT; n = 15, 4 × 3–5 repetitions with ~90% of 1RM, 3‐min rest intervals) training group for 8 weeks. Pre‐ and posttraining assessments included lean tissue mass via dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, muscle cross‐sectional area and thickness of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), pectoralis major, and triceps brachii muscles via ultrasound images, and 1RM strength in the back squat and bench press (BP) exercises. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately post, 30 min post, and 60 min postexercise at week 3 (WK3) and week 10 (WK10) to assess the serum testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1), cortisol, and insulin concentrations. Compared to VOL, greater improvements (P < 0.05) in lean arm mass (5.2 ± 2.9% vs. 2.2 ± 5.6%) and 1RM BP (14.8 ± 9.7% vs. 6.9 ± 9.0%) were observed for INT. Compared to INT, area under the curve analysis revealed greater (P < 0.05) GH and cortisol responses for VOL at WK3 and cortisol only at WK10. Compared to WK3, the GH and cortisol responses were attenuated (P < 0.05) for VOL at WK10, while the IGF1 response was reduced (P < 0.05) for INT. It appears that high‐intensity resistance training stimulates greater improvements in some measures of strength and hypertrophy in resistance‐trained men during a short‐term training period.
The role of religious fundamentalism in college students’ perceived drinking norms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems

ABSTRACT Peer influence has been shown to be an important factor in college student alcohol use. One facet of peer influence, perceived descriptive norms, constitutes a strong and consistent predictor of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Previous research has also found that various aspects of individuals’ religious beliefs are negatively associated with alcohol use. Religious fundamentalism, a construct that has not previously been examined in relation to alcohol use, may be especially pertinent and may protect against the impact of peer influences such as descriptive drinking norms. The present study examined whether the impact of descriptive norms on alcohol consumption and problems is moderated by religious fundamentalism. Participants were undergraduate college students (N = 449). Findings suggest that the influence of descriptive norms on alcohol consumption was decreased as a function of religious fundamentalism, but that religious fundamentalism did not influence the impact of descriptive norms on alcohol problems.
Singaporean Counsellors’ Online Counselling Experiences with Children: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

This study focused on the online counselling experiences of six Singaporean trainee counselling psychologists (TCPs) working with elementary school children in Singapore. A qualitative analysis using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory produced 16 themes and 17 sub-themes in 4 categories. Participants’ Counselling Experiences and Interests (causal condition) and Expectations and Reality (intervening condition) informed their Planned and Actual Counselling Actions (strategic actions and interactions) during online counselling sessions. Consequently, they engaged in Analysis and Reflection of their key learning points and professional development needs. Findings revealed that the lack of non-verbal cues enhanced children’s psychological safety and willingness to self-disclose online. TCPs also found it helpful to use a solution-focused approach to work with children and to adapt their face-to-face counselling techniques to online counselling through the use of SITCOMS.
Prevention of Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Derivation of Mutant Stem Cell Lines by Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows birth of unaffected children for couples at risk for a genetic disorder. We present the strategy and outcome of PGD for four lysosomal storage disorders (LSD): Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), Gaucher disease (GD), Fabry disease (FD), and Hunter syndrome (HS), and subsequent development of stem cell lines. For each disease, we developed a family-specific fluorescent multiplex single-cell PCR protocol that included the familial mutation and informative markers surrounding the mutation. Embryo biopsy and PGD analysis were performed on either oocytes (polar bodies one and two) or on single blastomeres from a six-cell embryo. We treated twenty families carrying mutations in these lysosomal storage disorders, including 3 couples requiring simultaneous analysis for two disorders (TSD/GD, TSD/balanced Robertsonian translocation 45XYder(21;14), and HS/oculocutaneus albinism). These analyses led to an overall pregnancy rate/embryo transfer of 38% and the birth of 20 unaffected children from 17 families. We have found that PGD for lysosomal disorders is a safe and effective method to prevent birth of affected children. In addition, by using mutant embryos for the derivation of stem cell lines, we have successfully established GD and HS hESC lines for use as valuable models in LSD research.
Lexical Processing of Morphologically Complex Words in the Elementary Years

This study explores emerging lexical processes that may be the foundation for children's acquisition of morphological knowledge and the relation of these processes to reading comprehension. First and third graders were given two tasks involving lexical analysis of morphologically complex words. Two years later, they were given a measure of processing derived words in sentence contexts and a test of reading comprehension. The results support the view that the development of morphological processing in the elementary years might depend on access to representations of full forms, base forms, and affixes. Further, semantic and syntactic knowledge of morphemes was related to morphological processing of sentences and contributed to reading comprehension in the late elementary years.
Experimental study of the connections of the gustatory system in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Salmonids are a group of teleosts with a nonspecialized gustatory system. With the aim of describing the gustatory connections in a member of this group, we carried out tract‐tracing experiments using the lipophilic carbocyanine dye 1,1′‐dioctadecyl 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) in fixed brains of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The neural tracer was applied to the primary viscerosensory column, secondary gustatory visceral nucleus (SGN), torus lateralis (TL), and tertiary gustatory nucleus (TGN), the dorsal part of the ventral area of the telencephalon (dorsal‐Vv), and the medial area of the dorsal telencephalon (Dm). The primary viscerosensory column projects mainly to the SGN. DiI application to the SGN showed a bilateral and reciprocal connection with the TGN and a rostral portion of the nucleus of the lateral hypothalamic recess. The application of DiI in the dorsal‐Vv and Dm at levels rostral to the anterior commissure led to labeling of a restricted group of diencephalic neurons in the TGN and sending dendrites to the TL. DiI application to the TL/TGN anterogradely labeled fibers that coursed in the medial forebrain bundle innervating the precommissural portion of the dorsal‐Vv and Dm. Caudally, this type of application led to labeling of fibers in the viscerosensory column and perikarya in the SGN. Tract‐tracing results showed direct projections from the diencephalic and rhombencephalic gustatory nuclei to the telencephalon. There was a direct and reciprocal connection between the SGN and the ventral telencephalon. The results showed that the gustatory connections of the trout are similar to those of teleosts, with highly specialized gustatory centers as in cyprinids and ictalurids, and to that observed in the percomorph tilapia, thus demonstrating a basic organization that is shared by most teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 465:604–619, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An hybrid architecture to detect transient faults in microprocessors: An experimental validation

Due to performance issues commercial off the shelf components are becoming more and more appealing in application fields where fault tolerant computing is mandatory. As a result, to cope with the intrinsic unreliability of such components against certain fault types like those induced by ionizing radiations, cost-effective fault tolerant architectures are needed. In this paper we present an in-depth experimental evaluation of a hybrid architecture to detect transient faults affecting microprocessors. The architecture leverages an hypervisor-based task-level redundancy scheme that operates in conjunction with a custom-developed hardware module. The experimental evaluation shows that our lightweight redundancy scheme is able to effectively cope with malicious faults as those affecting the pipeline of a RISC microprocessor.
The Intergenerational Assimilation of Completed Fertility: Comparing the Convergence of Different Origin Groups

Recent studies have highlighted the need for new research on intergenerational assimilation and how it varies for different origin groups. This article responds by studying the intergenerational assimilation of completed fertility in the United Kingdom. The results provide evidence of assimilation for some origins, in particular for women from Ireland and Jamaica. Yet results also show evidence against assimilation for second-generation Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. The ability of the method used to distinguish between origin groups highlights the importance of a robust statistical approach that takes account of heterogeneity, an approach that can also be used to study outcomes other than fertility.
Expression profiling of Aldh1l1‐precursors in the developing spinal cord reveals glial lineage‐specific genes and direct Sox9‐Nfe2l1 interactions

Developmental regulation of gliogenesis in the mammalian CNS is incompletely understood, in part due to a limited repertoire of lineage‐specific genes. We used Aldh1l1‐GFP as a marker for gliogenic radial glia and later‐stage precursors of developing astrocytes and performed gene expression profiling of these cells. We then used this dataset to identify candidate transcription factors that may serve as glial markers or regulators of glial fate. Our analysis generated a database of developmental stage‐related markers of Aldh1l1+ cells between murine embryonic day 13.5–18.5. Using these data we identify the bZIP transcription factor Nfe2l1 and demonstrate that it promotes glial fate under direct Sox9 regulatory control. Thus, this dataset represents a resource for identifying novel regulators of glial development.
Which neuropsychiatric and behavioural features distinguish frontal and temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease?

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of changes in mood, personality, and behaviour in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hence, which features reliably distinguish between them. To establish whether the frontal and temporal variants of FTD are characterised by different behavioural changes. METHODS A questionnaire was designed to assess a wide range of neuropsychiatric changes; it incorporated features reported in previous studies of FTD and components of the neuropsychiatric inventory.1 This was completed by 37 carers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 33 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), comprising 20 with temporal variant FTD (tv FTD) or semantic dementia and 13 with frontal variant FTD (fv FTD). An exploratory principal components factor analysis and discriminant function analysis was applied. RESULTS Factor analysis showed four robust and meaningful symptom clusters: factor 1—stereotypic and eating behaviour; factor 2—executive dysfunction and self care; factor 3—mood changes; factor 4—loss of social awareness. Only stereotypic and altered eating behaviour and loss of social awareness reliably differentiated AD from FTD with no effect of disease severity. By contrast, executive dysfunction, poor self care, and restlessness showed a significant effect of disease severity only, with the more impaired patients scoring more highly. Changes in mood were found to be equally prevalent in the three patient groups. Analysis of individual symptoms showed increased rates of mental rigidity and depression in the patients with semantic dementia compared with those with fv FTD. Conversely, the latter group showed greater disinhibition. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 71.4% overall and 86.5% of the patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS This questionnaire disclosed striking differences between patients with FTD and AD, but only stereotypic behaviour, changes in eating preference, disinhibition, and features of poor social awareness reliably separated the groups. The patients with fv FTD and semantic dementia were behaviourally very similar, reflecting the involvement of a common network, the ventral frontal lobe, temporal pole, and amygdala. Dysexecutive symptoms and poor self care were found to be affected by the severity of the disease, reflecting perhaps spread to dorsolateral prefrontal areas relatively late in the course of both FTD and AD. This questionnaire may be of value in the diagnosis and the monitoring of therapies.
Antioxidative and Anticholinesterase Activity of Cyphomandra betacea Fruit

Cyphomandra betacea is one of the underutilized fruits which can be found in tropical and subtropical countries. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in different parts (i.e., flesh and peel) of the fruits. Antioxidants were analyzed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays as well as FRAP assay. Anticholinesterase activity was determined using enzymatic assay using acetyl cholinesterase enzyme. For 80% methanol extract, the peel of the fruit displayed higher antioxidant activity in both FRAP and ABTS free radical scavenging assays while the flesh displayed higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were higher in the peel with the values of 4.89 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 3.36 ± 0.01 mg rutin equivalent (RU)/g, respectively. Total anthocyanin and carotenoid content were higher in the flesh of the fruit with the values of 4.15 ± 0.04 mg/100 g and 25.13 ± 0.35 mg/100 g. The anticholinesterase was also higher in the peel of C. betacea. The same trends of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase were also observed in the distilled water extracts. These findings suggested that C. betacea has a potential as natural antioxidant-rich nutraceutical products.
Software Configuration Management Issues with Industrial Opensourcing

The industrial involvement in Open Source Software projects is increasing. More and more companies are turning their proprietary code into open source, contribute actively to thedevelopment of Open Source Software projects or/and use Open Source Software products as (part of) their own products. Software Configuration Management provides the infrastructure that is the foundation for any type of software project. It facilitates the co-ordination and communication between the various participants on a software development team. Many problems and challenges from industrial involvement in Open Source Software projects have been identified in experience reports and research papers. A good part of these can be related to either absence of Software Configuration Management or a mismatch between what is done and what is needed for a particular setup. Many companies are used to Software Configuration Management in a homogeneous and localized setup and are confused about how to behave when the setup changes to a heterogeneous and distributed setting. In this short paper, we investigate Software Configuration Management lessons learned from the industrial participation in Open Source Software projects of two major telecommunications companies. We address what challenges can appear and discuss strategies to deal with these challenges.