Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poly β-Hydroxybutyrate Production by Bacillus subtilis NG220 Using Sugar Industry Waste Water

The production of poly β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Bacillus subtilis NG220 was observed utilizing the sugar industry waste water supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources. At a growth rate of 0.14 g h−1 L−1, using sugar industry waste water was supplemented with maltose (1% w/v) and ammonium sulphate (1% w/v); the isolate produced 5.297 g/L of poly β-hydroxybutyrate accumulating 51.8% (w/w) of biomass. The chemical nature of the polymer was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and GC-MS spectroscopy whereas thermal properties were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry. In biodegradability study, when PHB film of the polymer (made by traditional solvent casting technique) was subjected to degradation in various natural habitats like soil, compost, and industrial sludge, it was completely degraded after 30 days in the compost having 25% (w/w) moisture. So, the present study gives insight into dual benefits of conversion of a waste material into value added product, PHB, and waste management.
Towards fast, generic video inpainting

Achieving globally coherent video inpainting results in reasonable time and in an automated manner is still an open problem. In this paper, we build on the seminal work by Wexler et al. to propose an automatic video inpainting algorithm yielding convincing results in greatly reduced computational times. We extend the PatchMatch algorithm to the spatio-temporal case in order to accelerate the search for approximate nearest neighbours in the patch space. We also provide a simple and fast solution to the well known over-smoothing problem resulting from the averaging of patches. Furthermore, we show that results similar to those of a supervised state-of-the-art method may be obtained on high resolution videos without any manual intervention. Our results indicate that globally coherent patch-based algorithms are feasible and an attractive solution to the difficult problem of video inpainting.
Validity of self-reported weight and height among Saudi school children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between self-reported weight and height to actual weight and height in a cross-sectional representative sample of school students in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its relation to selected socio-economic and socio-demographic factors. Also to evaluate the validity of self-reported weight and height measurements. METHODS Data was collected from a sample of Saudi school students in Jeddah City, KSA from 42 boys' schools and 42 girls' schools during the month of April 2000. Data collection was carried out by an in-person interview to collect sociodemographic and self-reported weight and height, as well as, actual measurement of weight and height. Body mass index was classified according to age and genders into underweight (<15th percentile), normal weight (>=15th percentile to <85th percentile), overweight (>=85th percentile to <95th percentile) and obesity (>=95th percentile). Validity of self-reported obesity, as compared to measured body mass index, was assessed. RESULTS A total of 2,860 Saudi school students were enrolled in the study with an age range from 9 to 21 years (mean=13.9, standard deviation=2.8). Overweight was reported in 13.4% and obesity in 13.5% of school students. Overweight and obesity were more marked among those of at least 13 years of age, male of high social class and students with highly educated mothers. Slightly above half of the school children were unaware of their weight and height giving an unknown body mass index in approximately 60% of cases. Among the remaining 40% who reported their weight and height, underestimation of weight was around 2.7 kg and was mainly among girls, in 16-21 year old group, high socio-economic class and born from educated mothers. Overestimation of height by 4 cm was reported mainly among the overweight, obese, girls, those with at least 16 years of age. Sensitivity of determining obesity by reported weight and height was low especially among girls and those of at least 16-years of age while specificity was more among boys than girls and improved by increase in age. CONCLUSION Our results display the inaccuracy of self-reported weight and height in tracking obesity in our youth population. These results also emphasize the need for community and school based programs for preventing and reducing obesity in school age through improving the nutritional status awareness, diet habits and life style in order to ensure health and longevity.
The Dependence on Environment of Cold Dark Matter Halo Properties

A series of high-resolution ΛCDM cosmological N-body simulations are used to study the properties of galaxy-size dark halos as a function of global environment. We analyze halos in three types of environment: "cluster" (cluster halos and their surroundings), "void" (large regions with density contrasts ≲-0.85), and "field" (halos not contained within larger halos). We find that halos in clusters have a median spin parameter ~1.3 times lower, a minor-to-major axial ratio ~1.2 times lower (more spherical), and a less aligned internal angular momentum than halos in voids and the field. For masses ≲5 × 1011 h-1 M☉, halos in cluster regions are on average ~30%-40% more concentrated and have ~2 times higher central densities than halos in voids. While for halos in cluster regions the concentration parameters decrease on average with mass with a slope of ~0.1, for halos in voids these concentrations do not seem to change with mass. When comparing only parent halos from the samples, the differences are less pronounced but still significant. We obtain also the maximum circular velocity-mass and rms velocity-mass relations. These relations are shallower and more scattered for halos in clusters than in voids, and for a given circular velocity or rms velocity, the mass is smaller at z = 1 than at z = 0 for all environments. At z = 1, the differences in the halo properties with environment almost disappear, suggesting that the differences were established mainly after z ~ 1. The halos in the cluster regions undergo more dramatic changes than those in the field or the voids. The differences in halo properties with environment are due to (1) the dependence of halo formation time on global environment and (2) local effects such as tidal stripping and the tumultuous histories that halos suffer in high-density regions. We calculate seminumerical models of disk galaxy evolution using halos with the concentrations and spin parameters found for the different environments. For a given disk mass, the galaxy disks have higher surface density, larger maximum circular velocity and secular bulge-to-disk ratio, lower gas fraction, and are redder as one goes from void to cluster environments. Although all these trends agree with observations, the latter tend to show more differences, suggesting that physical ingredients not considered here, such as misalignment of angular momentum, halo triaxiality, merging, ram pressure stripping, harassment, etc., play an important role for galaxy evolution, especially in high-density environments.
PENGARUH SIKAP, NORMA SUBJEKTIF, DAN PERSEPSI KONTROL KEPERILAKUAN, TERHADAP NIAT SISWA SMK DI KOTA DENPASAR UNTUK MENJADI WIRAUSAHA

ABSTARCT The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurs attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control towards the intention of being entrepreneurs. Respondents in this study were the twelfth grade students of Vocational High School in Denpasar. The sample used were 100 students by utilizing purposive sampling method. The research instruments udes questionnaires and analysis techniques used multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control effect positively and significantly towards the intention of being entrepreneurs. It is suggested to the school to hold seminars by inviting success young entrepreneurs which can be an inspiration to the students in order to enchange students positive attitude towards the profession of entrepreneurial. Parents encouragement is needed to support students intention to be entrepreneurs. In learning process, it should be concrete efforts of the teachers to establish leadership which is one of persons principle to become entrepreneur. For the further research, it is suggested to add the background of parents occupation and cultural background which can influence the intention of students to be entrepreneur.
Whole Genome Re-Sequencing and Characterization of Powdery Mildew Disease-Associated Allelic Variation in Melon

Powdery mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases in the world. This disease frequently affects melon (Cucumis melo L.) and other Cucurbitaceous family crops in both open field and greenhouse cultivation. One of the goals of genomics is to identify the polymorphic loci responsible for variation in phenotypic traits. In this study, powdery mildew disease assessment scores were calculated for four melon accessions, ‘SCNU1154’, ‘Edisto47’, ‘MR-1’, and ‘PMR5’. To investigate the genetic variation of these accessions, whole genome re-sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was performed. A total of 754,759,704 quality-filtered reads were generated, with an average of 82.64% coverage relative to the reference genome. Comparisons of the sequences for the melon accessions revealed around 7.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1.9 million InDels, and 182,398 putative structural variations (SVs). Functional enrichment analysis of detected variations classified them into biological process, cellular component and molecular function categories. Further, a disease-associated QTL map was constructed for 390 SNPs and 45 InDels identified as related to defense-response genes. Among them 112 SNPs and 12 InDels were observed in powdery mildew responsive chromosomes. Accordingly, this whole genome re-sequencing study identified SNPs and InDels associated with defense genes that will serve as candidate polymorphisms in the search for sources of resistance against powdery mildew disease and could accelerate marker-assisted breeding in melon.
The Costs of Democracy

Powers and David Finnie's Desert Enterprise: The Middle East Oil Industry in its Local Environment. As oilmen, Longrigg and Finnie obviously have a somewhat different view of good and evil in the Middle East than does Shwadran, a practicing Zionist. Yet despite differing interpretations, all have produced books which no serious student of the Middle East can disregard. So, too, has George Lenczowski. He writes from a most unusual vantage point. As diplomat in Iran (for the pre-World War II Polish Government) he saw the relationships between the old Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and Iran. Later, as an emigre Professor at an American college and now at the University of California, he has added knowledge of the Arab producing and pipeline transit countries to his earlier competence. Still more recently, he has served as consultant to major oil company interests in the area. The result is a highly useful book. It is drawn from many sources—Middle Eastern government documents and local newspapers, United Nations and O.E. E.C. publications, books by Western and Middle Eastern writers, interviews with oilmen and government officials. The author divides his study into four main parts, the general setting, companies and host governments, companies and the public in the host countries and companies and employees in the host countries. He ends by pulling it all together with a case study of the relationships between the many participants in the Suez Canal controversy. The central theme elaborates the uncertainties besetting companies in the Middle East and the equally complicated problems of local governments increasingly dependent upon oil exports for economic and political stability. The main strength of Professor Lenczowski's book is its encyclopedic character, its guide to readings and its calm objectivity. Yet having attacked on such a broad front, the author obviously will be subject to some criticism. His sections on integration (e.j;., company efforts to create local enterprise around the oil camps) add little to what David Finnie has already written. Ardent Zionists won't like his sympathetic treatment of oil companies. Many British oilmen will query his interpretation of troubles between Saudi Arabia and Oman as basically a local political squabble—they see the Arabian American Oil Company as an active behind-the-scenes participant in the troubles. The study says little about pricing of Middle East petroleum products. Yet despite its occasional shortcomings, the book is a thoroughly competent job which cannot be overlooked by government officials, oilmen and the growing number of experts on the Middle East.
Scalable Processing in 5G Cloud-RAN Networks Using MapReduce Framework

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) was introduced as a revolutionary architecture to meet the exponential expansion in data traffic for the current and future mobile networks. However, the centralized configuration of C-RAN brings many challenges. One of the key questions to address is how the channel state information (CSI) is acquired accurately in C-RAN for numerous access points and users. For the purpose of reducing the time of acquiring CSI in C-RAN, the MapReduce framework is proposed in this paper as a novel approach to minimize the overhead of acquiring CSI in the full centralized C-RAN architecture. The main contribution of this paper is employing parallel processing to improve the scalability of mobile networks using C-RAN. The results, which have been obtained through simulation, illustrate that it can maintain the scalability as well as save a significant amount of acquisition time without affecting the performance of network.
The Civic Engagement Gap(s): Youth Participation and Inequality From 1976 to 2009

Civic participation in the United States is highly unequal, resulting in a “civic engagement gap” between socioeconomic, racial, and gender groups. Variation in civic participation and the civic engagement gap remain contested, primarily as a result of inconsistent definitions and measurement issues in previous work. Using consistent measures from the Monitoring the Future Study from 1976 to 2009, I analyze whether sociodemographic gaps in youth civic participation changed during a period of growing income inequality. I find that since the 1970s, electoral participation decreased, volunteering increased, and social movement activity remained constant. Participation varied by sociodemographic group, with highly educated Whites most active in all activities. Females volunteered more than males, but participated at the same rate in all other activities. The gap between male and female volunteering increased over the time period, as did the socioeconomic gap in volunteering. Racial gaps in participation, however, remained relatively stable from 1976 to 2009.
Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age?

It is generally believed that job satisfaction increases linearly with age. However, there are persuasive arguments, and some empirical evidence, that the relationship is Ushaped, declining from a moderate level in the early years of employment and then increasing steadily up to retirement. This paper investigates that relationship, using survey responses from a large sample of British employees. For overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with pay, and satisfaction with the work itself, a strongly significant U-shape is observed. Ordered probit techniques, which take account of the ordinality of satisfaction data, are used to analyse the relationship between these forms of satisfaction and a large set of individual and job characteristics. Despite the inclusion of 80 control variables, significant coefficients persist for the age and age-squared variables (the latter representing the non-linear component). The paper thus provides strong evidence for a U-shaped relationship between age and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it is shown that a similar age pattern occurs for employees' context-free mental health, suggesting that both job satisfaction and context-free mental health are affected by non-job factors of life-stage and personal circumstances. The importance of changes in expectations with increasing age is emphasized. There have been many investigations into the relationship between age and different forms of job satisfaction. Significant variations across age are commonly found, with older employees tending to report higher satisfaction than younger ones (e.g. Doering, Rhodes & Schuster, 1983; Glenn, Taylor & Weaver, 1977; Warr, 1992), Observed age differences in overall job satisfaction are greater than those associated with gender, education, ethnic background or income (Clark, 1993;. Weaver, 1980). However, two questions remain unanswered. First, given that there is a positive relationship between age and job satisfaction, is it simply linear or does it contain a nonlinear component? And, second, what underlying variables can account for the pattern of job satisfaction differences between age groups?
Clustering Categorical Data Using Rough Membership Function

Data mining automates the process of finding predictive records in large databases. Clustering is a very popular technique in data mining and is a significant methodology that is performed based on the principle of similarity. The segregation of a large database is a challenging and time consuming task. For this purpose, an approach called data labeling through sampling technique is used. Using this approach segregating large databases not only gets easier but also it increases the efficiency of clustering technique. Initially a sample data is retrieved from a large database for clustering and the residual unsampled data points are compared with the clustered data from which the similar data points are clustered and the dissimilar one are considered as outliers based on various data labeling techniques. These data labeling techniques are easier to apply in the numerical domains, whereas in the categorical domains this is a complicated task as the distance among data points are incalculable. Further the proposed methodology gives a data labeling technique based on the changes in the similarities after including unlabeled data point into existing cluster for categorical data using cluster entropy in rough set theory. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and high quality clustering algorithm compared to that of the previous ones.
Cascades of transcriptional induction during dendritic cell maturation revealed by genome‐wide expression analysis

Dendritic cells (DC) are central regulators of immunity. Signal‐induced maturation of DCs is assumed to be the starting point for specific immune responses. To further understand this process, we analyzed the alteration of transcript profiles along the time course of CD40 ligand‐induced maturation of human myeloid DCs by Affymetrix GeneChip® microarrays covering >6800 genes. Besides rediscovery of genes already described as associated with DC maturation proving reliability of the methods used, we identified clusterin as novel maturation marker. Looking across the time course, we observed synchronized kinetics of distinct functional groups of molecules whose temporal coregulation underscores known cellular events during dendritic cell maturation. For example, an early‐peaking wave of inflammatory chemokines was followed by a sustained increase of constitutive chemokines and accompanied by slow but continuous induction of survival proteins. After an immediate but transient induction of cytokine‐responsive transcripts, there was an increased expression of a group of genes involved in not only the regulation of cytokine effects, but also of transcription in general. Our results demonstrate that microarray studies along time courses combined with real‐time PCR not only discover new marker molecules with functional implications, but also dissect the molecular kinetics of biological processes identifying complex pathways of regulation. —Türeci, O. Bian, H. , Nestle, F. O. , Raddrizzani, L. , Rosinski, J. A. , Tassis, A. , Hilton, H. , Walstead, M. , Sahin, U. , Hammer, J. Cascades of transcriptional induction during dendritic cell maturation revealed by genome‐wide expression analysis FASEB J. 17, 836–847 (2003)
Influence of priming techniques on seed germination behavior of maize inbred lines (zea mays L.)

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed priming techniques on germination and early growth of tow maize inbred lines which were include of B73 and MO17. Seeds were hydroprimed for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, osmoprimed in urea solution and in solution of polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG- 6000) for 96 h (water potential -1.2MPa). Priming techniques affected seed germination and early growth of both inbred lines. Hydropriming resulted in lower time taken to 50% germination and higher germination index, vigor index and final germination percentage in both genotypes. Maximum invigoration was observed in seeds hydroprimed for 36 h as indicated by higher germination rate, radical length. Conversely, for most germination parameters osmoprimed seeds behaved similar to or even poor than that of control.
Energy crop-based biogas as vehicle fuel-the impact of crop selection on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas performance.

The production of biogas from six agricultural crops was analysed regarding energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) performance for vehicle fuel from a field-to-tank perspective, with focus on critical parameters and on calculation methods. The energy efficiency varied from 35% to 44%, expressed as primary energy input per energy unit vehicle gas produced. The GHG reduction varied from 70% to 120%, compared with fossil liquid fuels, when the GHG credit of the digestate produced was included through system expansion according to the calculation methodology in the ISO 14044 standard of life cycle assessment. Ley crop-based biogas systems led to the highest GHG reduction, due to the significant soil carbon accumulation, followed by maize, wheat, hemp, triticale and sugar beet. Critical parameters are biogenic nitrous oxide emissions from crop cultivation, for which specific emission factors for digestate are missing today, and methane leakage from biogas production. The GHG benefits were reduced and the interrelation between the crops changed, when the GHG calculations were instead based on the methodology stated in the EU Renewable Energy Directive, where crop contribution to soil carbon accumulation is disregarded. All systems could still reach a 60% GHG reduction, due to the improved agricultural management when digestate replaces mineral fertilisers.