Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radio-Infrared Supernebulae in II Zw 40

We report subarcsecond-resolution Very Large Array and Keck mid-infrared imaging of the dwarf starburst galaxy II Zw 40. II Zw 40 contains a bright compact thermal radio and infrared source with all the characteristics of a collection of dense H II regions ionized by at least 14,000 O stars. The supernebula is revealed to consist of multiple sources within an envelope of weaker emission. The radio emission is dominated by free-free emission at 2 cm, and the spectrum of this emission appears to be rising. This suggests that the free-free emission is optically thick at 2 cm and that the individual H II regions are ∼1 pc in size. This complex of "supernebulae" dominates the total infrared luminosity of II Zw 40, although the radio source is less than ∼150 pc in diameter. Multiple super–star clusters appear to be forming here, the much larger analogs of large Galactic H II region complexes.
Ongoing Star Formation in the Bl Lacertae Object Pks 2005-489

We present VLT long slit optical spectroscopy of the luminous BL Lacertae object PKS 2005-489. The high signal-to-noise ratio and the good spatial resolution of the data allow us to detect the signatures of ongoing star formation in an extended rotating ring, at ∼ 4 kpc from the nucleus. We find that the ring is almost perpendicular to the radio axis and its total star formation rate is ≃ 1 M ⊙ /yr. We briefly discuss the concomitant presence of recent star formation and nuclear activity. The demographics study of super massive black holes (SMBH) in galaxy centres (e.g. Combes 2005 and references therein) and the similarity between the strong cosmic evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) (Steidel et al. 1999; Fan et al. 2001), lead to the coevolution concept, where AGN evolution traces, if not regulates, the build up of the spheroids (Granato et al. 2004). In this scenario the growth of the central massive black hole (SMBH) and the star formation rate are mutually dependent through the energetic feedback until, in the most massive objects, the SMBH shines at power sufficient to evaporate all the gaseous component. Thereafter the galaxy evolves passively, eventually undergoing sporadic episodes of SF episodes that likely accompany the acquisition of fresh gas during interactions. Effects of such recent rejuve-nation episodes are often seen as prominent H absorption features (typical of A stars) in the optical spectra of early type galaxies (Longhetti et al. 1999; Aretxaga et al. 2001), or more recently in their mid infrared spectral region (Bressan et al. 2006; Panuzzo et al. 2006). A number of observational evidences for a tight link between star formation and nuclear activity have been reported (Bressan et al. 2002; Heckman 2004; Della Valle et al. 2005; Canalizo et al. astro-ph/0603218). However, whether these rejuvenation episodes are triggered by a reactivation of the SMBH (Ho 2005), or the reactivation is only concomitant with the SFR, still remain a very debated issue. To cast light on this point, many imaging studies have been performed in recent years on the host galaxies of nearby and distant AGNs (Bahcall et al. Kukula et al. 2001). For nearby sources (z < 0.5) these studies have depicted a picture that indicates that radio loud quasars (RLQ) are preferentially found in luminous ellipticals exceeding by ∼1–2 mag the typical galaxy lu-1 , while radio quiet …
An Oxygen Reduction Study of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials of Different Origin

The aim of this study is to compare the electrochemical behaviour of graphene-based materials of different origin, e.g., commercially available graphene nanosheets from two producers and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using linear sweep voltammetry, rotating disc electrode and rotating ring-disc electrode methods. We also investigate the effect of catalyst ink preparation using two different solvents (2-propanol containing OH− ionomer or N,N-dimethylformamide) on the ORR. The graphene-based materials are characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Clearly, the catalytic effect depends on the origin of graphene material and, interestingly, the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst material for ORR is lower when using the OH− ionomer in electrode modification. The graphene electrodes fabricated with commercial graphene show better ORR performance than rGO in alkaline solution.
Diabetes Risk Among Overweight and Obese Metabolically Healthy Young Adults

OBJECTIVE To determine diabetes incidence over time among obese young adults without metabolic risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incident diabetes during a median follow-up of 6.1 years was assessed among 33,939 young men (mean age 30.9 ± 5.2 years) of the Metabolic, Lifestyle and Nutrition Assessment in Young Adults cohort who were stratified for BMI and the number of metabolic abnormalities (based on the Adult Treatment Panel-III). Metabolically healthy (MH) obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in the presence of normoglycemia, normal blood pressure, and normal levels of fasting triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels (n = 631). RESULTS A total of 734 new cases of diabetes were diagnosed during 210,282 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate of diabetes among participants with no metabolic risk factors was 1.15, 2.10, and 4.34 cases per 1,000 person-years among lean, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, region of origin, family history of diabetes, physical activity, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride level, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and white blood cell count, a higher diabetes risk was observed among MH-overweight (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89 [95% CI 1.25–2.86]; P < 0.001) and MH-obese (HR 3.88 [95% CI 1.94–7.77]; P < 0.001) compared with MH-normal weight subjects. There was no interaction between BMI and the number of metabolic abnormalities at enrollment in predicting diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS Healthy metabolic profile and the absence of diabetes risk factors do not protect young adults from incident diabetes associated with overweight and obesity.
Effect of the Mode of Application of Cryopreserved Human Amniotic Membrane on Adhesion Formation after Abdomino-Pelvic Surgery in a Mouse Model

Adhesions after abdomino-pelvic surgery are a cause of morbidity and reoperations. The use of human amniotic membrane (HAM) for adhesion prevention has given controversial results. The mode of administration of the amniotic membrane has not been well studied. This study assessed the efficacy of two modes of application of cryopreserved HAM, patch or fragmented in Lactated Ringer (LR) solution, for the prevention of pelvic adhesion formation postabdomino-pelvic surgery in a mice model. After a midline laparotomy incision, a small cautery lesion was done on each side of the abdominal wall peritoneum in mice. In Group A (control; n = 42), the abdomen was closed directly, Group B (n = 42) received 2.5 ml of LR prior to closure. In Groups C (n = 42) and D (n = 42), a 2 cm × 2 cm patch of HAM and another one fragmented and dispersed in 2.5 ml of LR were applied prior to closure, respectively. Two weeks later, a laparotomy was performed, and gross and pathological evaluation of adhesions, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation were conducted. Group D exhibited a significantly lower rate of gross adhesion formation. Fibrosis was significantly lowest in Group C as compared to the control. Group B had the lowest vascular formation in the adhesions. The use of HAM fragmented in LR solution is associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative adhesions in mice when compared to LR alone, HAM patch, or control. The mechanism of action of this reduction needs to be elucidated by future studies.
Effect of occupational noise-induced sleep disturbance on worker's health

Aims: In addition to the noise, sleep disturbance (SD) as an outcome of the exposure to the wind turbine noises (WTNs) can adversely affect general health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SD induced from WTNs on general health indicators. Materials and Methods: A total number of fifty tree workers from Manjil wind farm voluntarily participated in this study. Based on the job similarity and vicinity to the sound sources, workers were classified into three occupational groups including repairman, security, and official staff. Individual's health and sleep status were gathered using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scales, respectively. Noise was measured based on ISO 9612. ANOVA, Chi-square, and linear and multiple regression tests were used for data analysis in the SPSS 20 software environment. Results: The mean values of 8-h equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq, 8 h) among whole workers was 71 ± 10 dB (A). The averages of somatic symptom, anxiety insomnia, social dysfunction, depression, and general health among the participants were 5 ± 2.44, 7 ± 2.35, 11 ± 2.65, 2 ± 1.54, 22 ± 6.53, and 7.3 ± 3.1, respectively. According to the results, SD and noise exposure had an adverse health effect on physical symptoms, depression, and overall general health of participants. Moreover, SD and work experience were effective factors on anxiety-insomnia. SD had greatest effect on general health when all variables are controlled, so that general health will increase by 2.42 units for each unit increase of SD. Conclusion: We found that in addition to the sound effect, noise-induced SD also affects worker's health and strengthen sound effects on human well-being.
Treatment of Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in the Era of Eculizumab

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI); the main cause of multi-organ failure is related to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Atypical HUS (aHUS) is a disease of uncontrolled complement activation associated with a high mortality rate and most cases progress to end-stage renal disease. About 50% of patients with this syndrome carry mutations in genes that encode complement proteins. Also, aHUS constitutes an over-activation of the complement pathway which is either inherited, acquired, or both. This results in TMA. Plasma infusions or exchange should be performed daily until the platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hemoglobin levels are substantially improved, or until an alternate treatment strategy has been decided upon. Eculizumab (a terminal complement inhibitor approved in 2011 for treating aHUS) treatment should begin immediately when the diagnosis is confirmed. There is limited evidence on the duration of the treatment despite significant clinical interest in investigating this aspect. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct further analysis on the possible dose and time adjustments.
Code-division multiple-access encoding and decoding of femtosecond optical pulses over a 2.5-km fiber link

We report for the first time proof-of-concept transmission experiments for femtosecond pulse code division multiple access (CDMA) operating over kilometer lengths of optical fiber in the 1.5-/spl mu/m communication band. Our CDMA link consists of a femtosecond mode-locked Er-fiber laser and two chirped pulse fiber amplifiers, a pair of low-loss fiber-pigtailed pulse shapers for encoding and decoding, a 2.5-km dispersion-compensated transmission fiber, and an ultrafast nonlinear optical receiver. Our results demonstrate high fidelity transmission of spectrally encoded femtosecond pulses over 2.5 km of fiber, followed by the use of the nonlinear CDMA receiver to discriminate between correctly and incorrectly decoded signals with 20-dB contrast.
Plasma Antioxidants: Evidence for a Protective Role against Reactive Oxygen Species following Cardiac Surgery

Total plasma antioxidant status (TPAS), lipid peroxide concentration (LPX) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured in 24 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Samples were obtained preoperatively and at 1.5 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after CPB. The absolute TPAS values were significantly lower at 1.5 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after CPB than were preoperative values (P < 0.05). The LPX concentration was significantly elevated at 1.5 h after CPB (P < 0.05). Cardiac troponin T concentrations were significantly elevated at all time points postoperatively (P < 0.05). Preoperative TPAS values were significantly correlated with the magnitude of fall in TPAS at 1.5 h (P < 0.05). The greater the fall in TPAS between 0 and 1.5 h, the less LPX was formed between 0 and 1.5 h. The LPX at 1.5 h displayed a significant correlation with cTnT release from myocardial myocytes (P < 0.05). These data provide evidence for the first time that the consumption of antioxidants during CABG surgery with CPB protects against the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent myocyte necrosis. Furthermore, the availability of protective antioxidants is dependent upon preoperative TPAS.
Deconstructing the Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility: Social Investment on Luwu Indigeous Society

This research deconstructed the values contained in the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which is used by company for social investment aimed at prospering the community. In fact, consideration on such investment is merely for the profit and reputation of the company. The logos in this research is capitalist which is still the ideology of CSR so that deconstruction is conducted using symbol value of Kedatuan Luwu (Pakka and Payung Ri Luwu) . The reality of corporate social responsibility is still on the implementation of handling negative impact caused by company activity. The company operates still with the purpose of maximizing profit which is still filled with material factors based on capitalist ideology. The deconstructed value is the value of profit that is taken into consideration is material in social activities that lead to the concept of capitalism. The intended profit should be the profit that becomes the economic impact of the activity so that the company earns profit and reputation done with dignity before the community and God. The methodology used was qualitative with the paradigm of postmodernism by deconstructing the indigenous symbols of Kedatuan Luwu by including "ade" and "sara" as the order that should be applied in the implementation of CSR to be accepted by local indigenous people. The result of this research was obtained after the researcher deconstructed the concept of CSR proposed by Elkington about Triple Bottom Line (People, Planet and Profit), and analyzing Triyuwono's deconstruction result by adding Prophet and God to CSR concept. From our analysis we found that conflicts between companies and indigenous people were due to the concept of CSR that only emphasized the impact of profit, planet, people, prophet and God were not enough if the way to implement and interact with the local community is still capitalist. Therefore, this study found that its solution is by destroying the logos of capitalism and deconstructing it using the traditional philosophy of Kedatuan Luwu "Pattuppu ri Ade'E Pasanre Ri Sara'E. The philosophy means that whatever conducted in Tana Luwu must be based on the Luwu customs and should not be contrary to the religion.
Compact and highly active next-generation libraries for CRISPR-mediated gene repression and activation

We recently found that nucleosomes directly block access of CRISPR/Cas9 to DNA (Horlbeck et al., 2016). Here, we build on this observation with a comprehensive algorithm that incorporates chromatin, position, and sequence features to accurately predict highly effective single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for targeting nuclease-dead Cas9-mediated transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa). We use this algorithm to design next-generation genome-scale CRISPRi and CRISPRa libraries targeting human and mouse genomes. A CRISPRi screen for essential genes in K562 cells demonstrates that the large majority of sgRNAs are highly active. We also find CRISPRi does not exhibit any detectable non-specific toxicity recently observed with CRISPR nuclease approaches. Precision-recall analysis shows that we detect over 90% of essential genes with minimal false positives using a compact 5 sgRNA/gene library. Our results establish CRISPRi and CRISPRa as premier tools for loss- or gain-of-function studies and provide a general strategy for identifying Cas9 target sites. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.19760. 001
10. Settings in Social Networks: A Measurement Model

A class of statistical models is proposed that aims to recover latent settings structures in social networks. Settings may be regarded as clusters of vertices. The measurement model is based on two assumptions. (1) The observed network is generated by hierarchically nested latent transitive structures, expressed by ultrametrics, and (2) the expected tie strength decreases with ultrametric distance. The approach could be described as model-based clustering with an ultrametric space as the underlying metric to capture the dependence in the observations. Bayesian methods as well as maximum-likelihood methods are applied for statistical inference. Both approaches are implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Anterior Optic Pathway Compression Due to Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: Neurosurgical Management and Outcomes

Background and Purpose Compression of the anterior optic pathway results in visual deficits that can lead to the detection of unruptured aneurysms in the internal carotid artery (ICA). The general types of treatment modalities for aneurysms and visual deficits include surgery and endosaccular coiling. This study retrospectively analyzed and compared the resolution of visual deficits following surgery or endosaccular coiling. Methods We reviewed data on 33 patients with unruptured ICA aneurysms who presented with visual field deficits caused by mass effects over the anterior optic pathway. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the variables associated with the recovery of visual symptoms. Results Eighteen patients underwent aneurysm clipping, 2 underwent bypass surgery with endovascular trapping, and 2 underwent endovascular trapping without bypass surgery (group A). Ten patients received endosaccular coiling (group B). The visual outcomes included the following: in group A, 17 patients (73.9%) demonstrated improvement and 6 patients (26.1%) demonstrated no changes or worse outcomes; in group B, 2 patients (20.0%) demonstrated improvement and 8 patients (80.0%) demonstrated no changes or worse outcomes. Group A was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome than group B (P = 0.007). According to the multivariate analysis, treatment without endosaccular coiling (group A) was the only variable significantly associated with improvement of visual outcome (P = 0.005; OR = 28.523; 95% CI = 2.683-303.171). Conclusions Treatment modality was the only predictor of improvement in visual deficits. Treatment without endosaccular coiling resulted in visual improvement significantly more often in comparison with endosaccular coiling.
Extra-Articular Lateral Tenodesis for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee: A Case Report

We present the case of an extra-articular lateral tenodesis for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee. A 46-year-old male patient sustained an ACL graft rupture after a motorcycle accident. He complained of rotational instability and giving-way episodes. His previous graft was fixed by an intra-articular femoral staple that was not possible to remove at the time of the ACL revision. A modified Lemaire procedure was then performed. He gained rotational stability and was able to resume his sporting activities. We believe that isolated extra-articular reconstructions may still have a role in selected indications including moderate-demand patients complaining of rotational instability after ACL graft failure.
Dominant Gating Governing Transient GABAA Receptor Activity: A First Latency and Po/oAnalysis

Steady-state, single-channel gating of GABAAreceptors (GABARs ) is complex. Simpler gating may dominate when triggered by rapid GABA transients present during fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and is critical to understanding the time course of fast IPSCs. We studied the single-channel activity of expressed α1β1γ2 GABARs in outside-out patches from human embryonic kidney 293 cells triggered by rapidly applied GABA (10–2000 μm) pulses (2–300 msec). Activation was analyzed with the time to first channel opening after GABA presentation, or first latency (FL). FL distributions are monoexponential at low GABA concentrations and biexponential above 30 μm GABA. The fast rate increases supralinearly to a plateau of ∼1100 sec−1, the apparent activation rate. The slow rate and amplitude are insensitive to GABA concentration. The results argue that doubly liganded receptors can rapidly desensitize before opening. Gating after the first opening was quantified with analysis of open probability conditioned on the first opening (Po/o). Po/o functions are biexponential, dominated by a fast component, and insensitive to GABA concentration. This suggests that open channels convert primarily to fast but also to slow desensitized states. Furthermore, dual modes of fast desensitization may influence IPSC amplitude and thereby synaptic efficacy. The findings provided for the construction of a mathematical gating model that accounts for FL and Po/o functions. In addition, the model predicts the time course of macroscopic current responses thought to mimic IPSCs. The results provide new insights into dominant gating that is likely operational during fast GABAergic synaptic transmission.
The Acute Satellite Cell Response and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy following Resistance Training

The extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training is highly variable in humans. The main objective of this study was to explain the nature of this variability. More specifically, we focused on the myogenic stem cell population, the satellite cell (SC) as a potential mediator of hypertrophy. Twenty-three males (aged 18–35 yrs) participated in 16 wk of progressive, whole body resistance training, resulting in changes of 7.9±1.6% (range of −1.9–24.7%) and 21.0±4.0% (range of −7.0 to 51.7%) in quadriceps volume and myofibre cross-sectional area (CSA), respectively. The SC response to a single bout of resistance exercise (80% 1RM), analyzed via immunofluorescent staining resulted in an expansion of type II fibre associated SC 72 h following exercise (pre: 11.3±0.9; 72 h: 14.8±1.4 SC/type II fibre; p<0.05). Training resulted in an expansion of the SC pool associated with type I (pre: 10.7±1.1; post: 12.1±1.2 SC/type I fibre; p<0.05) and type II fibres (pre: 11.3±0.9; post: 13.0±1.2 SC/type II fibre; p<0.05). Analysis of individual SC responses revealed a correlation between the relative change in type I associated SC 24 to 72 hours following an acute bout of resistance exercise and the percentage increase in quadriceps lean tissue mass assessed by MRI (r2 = 0.566, p = 0.012) and the relative change in type II associated SC following 16 weeks of resistance training and the percentage increase in quadriceps lean tissue mass assessed by MRI (r2 = 0.493, p = 0.027). Our results suggest that the SC response to resistance exercise is related to the extent of muscular hypertrophy induced by training.