Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of cell cycle kinetics by EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine)-coupled-fluorescence-intensity analysis

We propose a novel single-deoxynucleoside-based assay that is easy to perform and provides accurate values for the absolute length (in units of time) of each of the cell cycle stages (G1, S and G2/M). This flow-cytometric assay takes advantage of the excellent stoichiometric properties of azide-fluorochrome detection of DNA substituted with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). We show that by pulsing cells with EdU for incremental periods of time maximal EdU-coupled fluorescence is reached when pulsing times match the length of S phase. These pulsing times, allowing labelling for a full S phase of a fraction of cells in asynchronous populations, provide accurate values for the absolute length of S phase. We characterized additional, lower intensity signals that allowed quantification of the absolute durations of G1 and G2 phases. Importantly, using this novel assay data on the lengths of G1, S and G2/M phases are obtained in parallel. Therefore, these parameters can be estimated within a time frame that is shorter than a full cell cycle. This method, which we designate as EdU-Coupled Fluorescence Intensity (E-CFI) analysis, was successfully applied to cell types with distinctive cell cycle features and shows excellent agreement with established methodologies for analysis of cell cycle kinetics.
Reading Single Words Aloud With Monocular Presentation: The Effect of Word Frequency

Few phenomena in reading research are as ubiquitous as the observation (both within and across paradigms) that high frequency words are easier to process than lower frequency ones. Jainta et al (2014) and Jainta et al (2017) report an exception in that, when reading sentences with only one eye, the word frequency advantage disappeared. If this same pattern were seen in single word reading it would strongly challenge all current theoretical accounts of reading aloud currently on the table. The present experiment therefore explored whether this same pattern is evident when participants read aloud single words under monocular (versus binocular) conditions. Bayesian analysis techniques reveal that, in contrast to the sentence reading results, a monocular condition does not modulate the word frequency effect when reading single words aloud. The present result thus point to a qualitative difference between word recognition processes seen in single word reading versus those seen in eye tracking studies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of weight status among adolescents in Cyprus: scrutinizing the data for the years 2000–2010

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to evaluate by pooled and sensitivity analyses all available data on adolescent overweight/obesity in Cyprus.DESIGNA thorough literature search determined the studies to be examined using Cypriot adolescent samples aged 10–18 years old, with weight status in each sex classified according to the IOTF criteria, published between the years 2001–2011. Eight studies were retrieved, but three fulfilled the criteria for the sensitivity analyses.RESULTSThe pooled prevalence of obesity was 9.8% in boys (n=6081). The pooled analysis classified 6.1% (n=3886) of girls as obese, whereas a higher prevalence was observed by the sensitivity analysis 6.4% (n = 1956, p ≤0.001). The boys’ prevalence of overweight was 19.3% and the girls’ 17.1%. Between sexes, boys demonstrated a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight (p ≤0.001 for both). The cumulative analyses demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity until the year 2005 and thereafter a plateauing in boys and a slight decrease in girls in a non-linear manner.CONCLUSIONApproximately 1/3 of adolescent boys and 1/4 of adolescent girls in Cyprus were overweight/obese during the previous decade.
High-Mobility Group Box 1-Induced Complement Activation Causes Sterile Inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a well-known danger-associated molecular pattern molecule, acts as a pro-inflammatory molecule when secreted by activated immune cells or released after necrotic cell damage. HMGB1 binds to immunogenic bacterial components and augments septic inflammation. In this study, we show how HMGB1 mediates complement activation, promoting sterile inflammation. We show that HMGB1 activates the classical pathway of complement system in an antibody-independent manner after binding to C1q. The C3a complement activation product in human plasma and C5b-9 membrane attack complexes on cell membrane surface are detected after the addition of HMGB1. In an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity model, APAP injection reduced HMGB1 levels and elevated C3 levels in C1q-deficient mouse serum samples, compared to that in wild-type (WT) mice. APAP-induced C3 consumption was inhibited by sRAGE treatment in WT mice. Moreover, in a mouse model of brain ischemia–reperfusion injury based on middle cerebral arterial occlusion, C5b-9 complexes were deposited on vessels where HMGB1 was accumulated, an effect that was suppressed upon HMGB1 neutralization. We propose that the HMGB1 released after cell necrosis and in ischemic condition can trigger the classical pathway of complement activation to exacerbate sterile inflammation.
Intrinsic in situ anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents at an industrial landfill

The DuPont Necco Park Landfill in Niagara Falls, New York, is contaminated with numerous chlorinated solvents at concentrations of up to hundreds of mg/L in the groundwater. An extensive monitoring program was conducted to determine if intrinsic anaerobic biodegradation was occurring at the site, to determine what might limit this activity, and to characterize this activity with depth and distance away from the landfill. It was determined that anaerobic microbial activity was occurring in all zones, based upon the presence of intermediate products of the breakdown of the chlorinated solvents and the presence of final metabolic end products such as ethene and ethane. Aerobic, iron-reducing, manganese-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic redox conditions were identified at the site. High levels of nitrogen and biodegradable organic compounds were present in most areas to support cometabolic anaerobic microbial activity against the chlorinated solvents. Intrinsic biodegradation is clearly evident and is effective in reducing the concentrations of chlorinated organic in the groundwater at the site. Groundwater modeling efforts during development of a site conceptual model indicated that microbial degradation was necessary to account for the downgradient reduction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds as compared to chloride, a conservative indicator parameter.
Study of yield, yield attribute and dry matter accumulation of canola ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars in relation to sulfur fertilizer

In order to study of yield, yield attribute and dry matter accumulation of canola ( Brassica napus L.) cultivars in relation to sulfur fertilizer, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch. Factors were various levels of sulfur fertilizer (0 as control, 25, 50 and 75 kg S/ha) as granular from potassium sulphate in the main plots, while canola cultivars (Fornax, Opera and Slmo) were allocated at random in the sub-plots. The results showed that various levels of sulfur fertilizer affected grain yield, plant height, harvest index, grain per pod and pod per plant significantly. Maximum of these characteristics were obtained by the plots which received 75 kg sulfur/ha. Mean comparison of treatment compound cultivar× levels of sulfur showed that maximum grain yield was obtained by the plots which were applied 75 kg S/ha with Opera cultivar and minimum of it was obtained in Slmo cultivar without of sulphur fertilizer application. Investigation of process of variances of dry matter accumulation indicated that in all of treatments, it increased slowly until 212 days after sowing and then increased rapidly till 296 days after sowing and from 296 days after sowing till harvest time, it decreased due to increasing aging of leaves and decreasing of net assimilation rate. In additional, in all of treatment compounds, dry matter accumulation in unit of area increased with increasing levels of sulfur fertilizer. The highest grain yield (1.65 t/ha) and dry matter accumulation (432.3.g/m 2 ) was obtained in treatment compound opera cultivar with application of 75 kg S/ha. Thus, it can be suggested that opera cultivar should be applied with 75 kg S/ ha in conditions of Ardabil Plain.
Outcome of Combined Orthodontic-Surgical Treatment in a United Kingdom University Dental Institute

Introduction This retrospective observational cohort study evaluated effectiveness of combined orthodontic–orthognathic surgical treatment in a UK University Dental Institute. Methods Patients were identified from a database maintained prospectively throughout a 5-year period of observation. Demographic and clinical data included age, malocclusion, Index of Treatment Need, Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need, orthodontist, surgeon, surgical procedure and treatment-time. Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores were generated from pre- and post-treatment dental study casts by a single calibrated examiner. Result One hundred and sixty two subjects began treatment during the period of observation, 92 completed, 14 elected to discontinue before surgery and 56 remained in treatment. Outcome data were available for 73, 16 males and 57 females (mean age 23.28 [SD, 7.92] years). Within this sample, 33 (45.2%) presented with class II division 1, 6 (8.2%) with class II division 2 and 34 (46.6%) with class III malocclusion. Isolated maxillary and mandibular surgery was carried out in 3 (4.1%) and 24 cases (32.8%), respectively; bimaxillary surgery was performed in 46 (63.1%). Mean total treatment time in fixed appliances was 920.28 days (30.7 months). Mean pre-treatment PAR score was 39.09 [SD, 9.42] and post-treatment 5.86 [SD, 4.25] with a mean 83.7% PAR score reduction, representing a greatly improved occlusal result. Kruskal–Wallis testing found no evidence of any relationship between independent variables and percentage PAR reduction; however, surgeon identity did significantly influence treatment length (P = 0.007). Conclusions This investigation demonstrates that in terms of static occlusion combined orthodontic–orthognathic surgery is effective in correcting severe malocclusion.
Social anxiety in the eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common comorbid conditions in eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the current review and meta-analysis is to provide a qualitative summary of what is known about social anxiety (SA) in EDs, as well as to compare levels of SA in those with EDs and healthy controls. Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies using self-report measures of SA in ED populations. In total, 38 studies were identified, 12 of which were included in the meta-analyses. For both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa, there were significant differences between ED groups and HCs, with medium to large effect sizes. Findings from the qualitative review indicate that levels of SA are similar across the ED diagnoses, and SA improves with treatment in AN. In addition, high levels of SA are associated with more severe ED psychopathology, but not body mass index. These findings add to the wider literature on socio-emotional functioning in EDs, and may have implications for treatment strategies.
University of Southern Denmark Associations of personality with body mass index and obesity in a large late midlife

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Correlation between stabilizer consumption and degree of polymerization of thermally upgraded paper aged in insulating natural ester and insulating mineral oil

Insulating paper holds significant importance in the insulation system of power transformers, and thus, its degradation is the subject of many studies. A successful evaluation of the degradation rate of such paper contributes to reducing downtime and avoiding equipment failure. In this work, samples of thermally upgraded paper were thermally aged in insulating natural ester (INE) and insulating mineral oil (IMO) and were evaluated by degree of polymerization (DP) and FTIR-ATR. It was possible to identify characteristic bands of dicyandiamide, an inhibitory compound of the thermal degradation of the paper, and to establish a correlation between the decrease in DP and the consumption of dicyandiamide during aging, which was observed to develop in three distinct steps for both IMO and INE.
Association of DGAT2 gene polymorphisms with carcass and meat quality traits in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

ABSTRACT 1. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in the synthesis of triacylglycerol, but its effects on meat quality and carcass composition in pigeons are unclear. In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons of the DGAT2 gene were identified and analysed by using DNA sequencing methods in 200 domestic pigeons (Columba livia). The associations between DGAT2 polymorphisms and carcass and meat quality traits were also analysed. 2. Sequencing results showed that 5 nucleotide mutations were detected in exons 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the DGAT2 gene. The analysis revealed three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in G18398T and G22484C, in which the AA genotype and A allele had the highest frequency. 3. In the SNP of G18398T located in exon 5, individuals with genotype BB had significantly higher meat quality and lower abdominal fat content than those with AA or AB genotype. In the SNP of G22484C located in exon 6, the genotype AA showed highest carcass trait values, while the genotype BB represented better meat quality, compared to AA and AB genotypes. 4. The results imply that DGAT2 gene has a close relationship with carcass and meat quality traits in pigeons, and the SNPs of G18398T and G22484C can be used as genetic markers for marker-assisted breeding in pigeon.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an increasing indication for liver transplantation in the Nordic countries

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the US. Data on NAFLD as a liver transplantation indication from countries with lower prevalences of obesity are lacking. We studied the temporal trends of NAFLD as an indication for liver transplantation in the Nordic countries, and compared outcomes for patients with NAFLD to patients with other indications for liver transplantation.
Effect of Corn Starch and Potato Starch as the Pore Forming Agent to the Structure of Porous Cordierite

Porous cordierite is an advanced ceramic which is popular for its interesting properties such as excellent thermal stability, high refractoriness and low dielectric constant. In this study, samples have been prepared by the mixture of aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol and nitric acid through sol-gel route. Corn and potato starch were used as pore forming agent. The amount of pore forming agent added was varied according to their weight percent (5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt%). The solution was then dried in oven at 90°C before sintered at 1350°C. Particle size analyzer was used to characterize the properties of pore forming agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done on the produced samples. XRD results proved that all the samples produced were pure α-cordierite without the presence of other impurity or pore forming agent. From SEM results, samples using potato starch as the pore forming agent have pore size larger than corn starch due to the larger particle size of potato starch. Majority of the samples show interconnectivity among pores. The pore shape produced by potato starch is in prolate shape whereas for corn starch is in polyhedral shape.
Real-world comparison of major bleeding risk among non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients initiated on apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin

Summary In addition to warfarin, there are four non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) available for stroke prevention in non valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). There are limited data on the comparative risks of major bleeding among newly anticoagulated NVAF patients who initiate warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban, when used in ‘real world’ clinical practice. The study used the Truven MarketScan® Commercial & Medicare supplemental US claims database. NVAF patients aged ≥18 years newly prescribed an oral anticoagulant 01JAN2013–31DEC2014, with a ≥1-year baseline period, were included (study period: 01JAN2012–31DEC2014). Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring hospitalisation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance age, sex, region, baseline comorbidities, and comedications. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the PSM hazard ratio (HR) of major bleeding. Among 45,361 newly anticoagulated NVAF patients, 15,461 (34.1 %) initiated warfarin, 7,438 (16.4 %) initiated apixaban, 17,801 (39.2 %) initiated rivaroxaban, and 4,661 (10.3 %) initiated dabigatran. Compared to matched warfarin initiators, apixaban (HR: 0.53; 95 % CI: 0.39–0.71) and dabigatran (HR: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.50–0.96) initiators had a significantly lower risk of major bleeding. Patients initiating rivaroxaban (HR: 0.98; 95 % CI: 0.83–1.17) had a non-significant difference in major bleeding risk compared to matched warfarin patients. When comparisons were made between NOACs, matched rivaroxaban patients had a significantly higher risk of major bleeding (HR: 1.82; 95 % CI: 1.36–2.43) compared to apixaban patients. The differences for apixaban-dabigatran and dabigatran-rivaroxaban matched cohorts were not statistically significant. Among newly anticoagulated NVAF patients in the real-world setting, apixaban and dabigatran initiation was associated with significantly lower risk of major bleeding compared to warfarin initiation. When compared to apixaban, rivaroxaban initiation was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding. Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief. Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Just-in-Time Feedback in Diet and Physical Activity Interventions: Systematic Review and Practical Design Framework

Background The integration of body-worn sensors with mobile devices presents a tremendous opportunity to improve just-in-time behavioral interventions by enhancing bidirectional communication between investigators and their participants. This approach can be used to deliver supportive feedback at critical moments to optimize the attainment of health behavior goals. Objective The goals of this systematic review were to summarize data on the content characteristics of feedback messaging used in diet and physical activity (PA) interventions and to develop a practical framework for designing just-in-time feedback for behavioral interventions. Methods Interventions that included just-in-time feedback on PA, sedentary behavior, or dietary intake were eligible for inclusion. Feedback content and efficacy data were synthesized descriptively. Results The review included 31 studies (15/31, 48%, targeting PA or sedentary behavior only; 13/31, 42%, targeting diet and PA; and 3/31, 10%, targeting diet only). All studies used just-in-time feedback, 30 (97%, 30/31) used personalized feedback, and 24 (78%, 24/31) used goal-oriented feedback, but only 5 (16%, 5/31) used actionable feedback. Of the 9 studies that tested the efficacy of providing feedback to promote behavior change, 4 reported significant improvements in health behavior. In 3 of these 4 studies, feedback was continuously available, goal-oriented, or actionable. Conclusions Feedback that was continuously available, personalized, and actionable relative to a known behavioral objective was prominent in intervention studies with significant behavior change outcomes. Future research should determine whether all or some of these characteristics are needed to optimize the effect of feedback in just-in-time interventions.
Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-based polymeric nanoparticles

In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial activities of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)-based polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Three sizes of AgNP-encapsulating pNIPAM- and pNIPAM-NH2-based polymeric nanoparticles were fabricated. Highly stable and uniformly distributed AgNPs were encapsulated within polymeric nanoparticles via in situ reduction of AgNO3 using NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The formation and distribution of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, respectively. Both polymeric nanoparticles showed significant bacteriostatic activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria depending on the nanoparticle size and amount of AgNO3 used during fabrication.
Twin Conception in Sheep Leads to Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Sexually Dimorphic Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes in Adulthood

Twins are often born small and early and have increased risk of obesity and diabetes later in life. Twin conception in sheep, regardless of whether the pregnancy continues as twins or is reduced to singleton in early gestation, alters offspring growth trajectory and body composition in young adulthood. We hypothesized that twin conception would result in insulin resistance in adulthood, with insulin-resistant adipose tissue and skeletal muscle phenotypes. At 3 years of age, body weight was not different among singletons, twins, and reductions; females weighed less than males. Singletons were leaner than reductions, with twins intermediate. Twins and reductions had decreased insulin sensitivity compared with singletons (singletons: mean [standard error of the mean]: 4.75 [0.4], twins: 3.34 [0.3], reductions: 3.67 [0.2] mg·I μU−1·kg−1·min−1, P < .01). There were no group differences in adipocyte size, adipose tissue, or circulating tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, or interleukin 6 concentrations. In males, omental and subcutaneous adipose SLC2A4 was 1.5- to 2.0-fold greater in twins and reductions than in singletons (P < .01) and SLC2A1 was greater in reductions than in singletons. Skeletal muscle IRS-1 was decreased in male twins but increased in female twins, compared to singletons (P ≤ .01), with no effect on reductions in either sex. Skeletal muscle SLC2A4 was decreased in female twins and reductions but elevated in male twins and reductions compared to singletons (P ≤ .01). We conclude that adult twin insulin resistance is not due to adipose tissue phenotype, but potentially phenotypic effects in skeletal muscle, and obesity is a result of twin conception per se with its origins in early gestation.