Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Faster Approximate Distance Queries and Compact Routing in Sparse Graphs

A distance oracle is a compact representation of the shortest distance matrix of a graph. It can be queried to approximate shortest paths between any pair of vertices. Any distance oracle that returns paths of worst-case stretch (2k-1) must require space $\Omega(n^{1 + 1/k})$ for graphs of n nodes. The hard cases that enforce this lower bound are, however, rather dense graphs with average degree \Omega(n^{1/k}). We present distance oracles that, for sparse graphs, substantially break the lower bound barrier at the expense of higher query time. For any 1 \leq \alpha \leq n, our distance oracles can return stretch 2 paths using O(m + n^2/\alpha) space and stretch 3 paths using O(m + n^2/\alpha^2) space, at the expense of O(\alpha m/n) query time. By setting appropriate values of \alpha, we get the first distance oracles that have size linear in the size of the graph, and return constant stretch paths in non-trivial query time. The query time can be further reduced to O(\alpha), by using an additional O(m \alpha) space for all our distance oracles, or at the cost of a small constant additive stretch. We use our stretch 2 distance oracle to present the first compact routing scheme with worst-case stretch 2. Any compact routing scheme with stretch less than 2 must require linear memory at some nodes even for sparse graphs; our scheme, hence, achieves the optimal stretch with non-trivial memory requirements. Moreover, supported by large-scale simulations on graphs including the AS-level Internet graph, we argue that our stretch-2 scheme would be simple and efficient to implement as a distributed compact routing protocol.
Registry of first‐ever stroke in Tartu, Estonia, 1991 through 1993: outcome of stroke

ObjectivesTo provide information about the functional ability of the survivors of first‐ever stroke in Estonia. Patients and methods – A population based epidemiological study 1991 through 1993 in Tartu. Herewith the data for 1991 and 1993 are presented. A total of 519 persons were registered; 82% of them were admitted (mean length 14 days), 66% were discharged home. Results – During 6 months 41% of the patients died, the remaining 305 patients were interviewed about their living conditions, and functional ability using the Barthel ADL Index. Although 58% of patients responded to the questionnaire, no significant differences in several factors between the respondents and non‐respondents were found. Thirty‐eight percent of the patients were totally independent in ADL. Conclusion – The case‐fatality rate at 6 months was high in Estonia and the proportion of totally independent patients 6 months after stroke is slightly lower compared to other studies. The short length of hospital treatment was possibly compensated by sufficient support by relatives after discharge.
Identification of Design Roles for the Assessment of Design Quality in Enterprise Applications

The software industry is increasingly confronted with the issues of understanding and maintaining a special type of object-oriented systems, namely enterprise applications (EA). In the recent years many specific rules and patterns for the design of such applications were proposed. These new specific principles of EA design define precise roles (patterns) for classes and methods, and then describe "good-design" rules in terms of such roles. Yet, these roles are rarely explicitly documented; therefore, due to their importance for an efficient understanding and assessment of EA design, they must be identified and localized in the source code based on their specificities. In this paper we define a suite of techniques for the identification and location of four such roles, all related to the data source layer of an EA. Using the knowledge about these roles we show how this can improve the accuracy of formerly defined techniques for detecting two well-known design problems (i.e., data class and feature envy), making them more applicable for the usage on enterprise systems. Based on an experimental study conducted on three EAs, we prove the feasibility of the approach, discuss its benefits and touch the issues that need to be addressed in the future
Reliability-Related Issues in the Context of Student Evaluations of Teaching in Higher Education

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) forms have been the principal instrument to elicit students’ opinion in higher education institutions. Many decisions, including high-stake ones, are made based on SET scores reported by students. In this respect, reliability of SET scores is of considerable importance. But this paper has an argument that there are some problems in choosing and use of reliability indices in SET context. Three hypothesizes were tested: (i) using internal consistency measures is misleading in SET context since the variability is mainly due to disagreement between students’ ratings which requires use of inter-rater reliability coefficients, (ii) number of minimum feedbacks is not achieved in most of the classes, resulting unreliable decisions, and (iii) calculating reliability assuming a common factor structure across all classes is misleading because a common factorial model may not be tenable for all. Results showed that use of only internal con s istency to assess SET scores may be misleading. Considerable large numbers of missing feedbacks were observed to achieve acceptable reliability levels. Findings also indicated that factorial models differed across several groups, which calculation of reliability coefficients become problematic.
Heterogeneous Contribution of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Defects to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE To characterize physiologic subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity and secretion were estimated in 809 women at 24–30 weeks' gestation, using oral glucose tolerance test–based indices. In women with GDM (8.3%), defects in insulin sensitivity or secretion were defined below the 25th percentile in women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). GDM subtypes were defined based on the defect(s) present. RESULTS Relative to women with NGT, women with predominant insulin sensitivity defects (51% of GDM) had higher BMI and fasting glucose, larger infants (birth weight z score 0.57 [−0.01 to 1.37] vs. 0.03 [−0.53 to 0.52], P = 0.001), and greater risk of GDM-associated adverse outcomes (57.6 vs. 28.2%, P = 0.003); differences were independent of BMI. Women with predominant insulin secretion defects (30% of GDM) had BMI, fasting glucose, infant birth weights, and risk of adverse outcomes similar to those in women with NGT. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of physiologic processes underlying hyperglycemia exists among women with GDM. GDM with impaired insulin sensitivity confers a greater risk of adverse outcomes.
Should Rheumatologists Retain Ownership of Fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia (FM) has courted controversy since formal recognition in the mid-1980s1–4. Ambivalence regarding the very existence of this condition has at times stimulated heated debate. As FM was initially believed to be a rheumatic complaint due to the presence of body pain and soft tissue tenderness, rheumatologists, by default, have had responsibility for the diagnosis and, often, continued management of these patients. This ownership was consolidated by the development of criteria for diagnosis of FM by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 19905. Over the last 2 decades there has been an evolution in the understanding and awareness of FM, which may affect between 2% and 4% of the population6–8. The scientific basis for FM is now firmly grounded with objective neurophysiologic evidence. FM can no longer be categorized as a rheumatic disease process, but rather is a pain syndrome centered in the nervous system9–12. It is also increasingly clear that optimal management of patients with FM requires the healthcare team to address a broad spectrum of varied complaints that go beyond a simple complaint of pain13.We therefore propose that now is the time for rheumatologists to reevaluate their responsibility for both the diagnosis and care of patients with FM. This call for change for the care of FM patients seems even more plausible in light of the report by Shleyfer and colleagues in a recent issue of The Journal 14. The authors have shown that family physicians can correctly diagnose FM in 70% of patients, and of particular note, other important medical conditions were not missed. This shows considerable improvement from the less satisfactory appreciation of FM by family physicians reported by this same group 10 years ago15. Their … Address reprint requests to Dr. M-A. Fitzcharles, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada. E-mail: mary-ann.fitzcharles{at}muhc.mcgill. ca
A dialectical approach to critical thinking in EAP writing

Few would disagree that high quality thinking is a necessary condition for high quality writing. Yet, writing courses in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) often focus only marginally on principled and rigorous development of dialogical thinking and idea generation in preparation for written work. This study examines the effect of a model of critical thinking instruction (CTI) in a university level EAP writing course. Recent studies on CTI in EAP (Alnofaie, 2013; Hashemi & Ghanizadeh, 2012; Liaw, 2007; Shirkhani & Fahim, 2011; Yang & Gamble, 2013) have utilized models of CTI that, while reflecting varying degrees of attention to social context, inevitably center on the more traditional concepts of logicality and rational thinking skills. In contrast, this study’s distinct model of CTI is based on Paul’s (1995) concept of dialogical and dialectical thinking and guides students to consider and understand social issues and controversy through the analysis and evaluation of the differing belief systems behind opposing viewpoints. After the course, student interviews were conducted and analyzed through grounded theory and narrative analysis. Interview data revealed that CTI was found to be a practice that was typically unavailable in the students’ home countries and previous L2 English education, and was perceived as a challenging yet valuable addition to this EAP course curriculum. To varying degrees, students found the activity of critical thinking to align with their personal values and expressed a perceived need for critical thinking in order to succeed in future studies at the university level. The data contained frequent reports of students using critical thinking in their personal lives as a result of CTI. In addition, findings revealed a need to carefully position critical thinking as a tool with specific domains of use and limitations. These TANAKA – A DIALECTICAL APPROACH TO CRITICAL THINKING IN EAP WRITING 54 findings raise important questions about the inclusion of CTI in EAP and what forms are appropriate.
Attempted Experimental Modification of the Postlaminectomy Membrane by Local Instillation of Recombinant Tissue‐Plasminogen Activator Gel

A prospective, randomized, blinded trial involving 25 adult mongrel dogs was performed to evaluate whether placement of a fat graft or local instillation of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator gel [rt-PA] could modify the development of a postlaminectomy membrane. One component of the study involved the performance of a lumbar laminectomy and placement of gel rt-PA, free fat, or no tissue placement over the exposed dura mater. Three months later the animals were killed and sections of spine were removed en bloc, decalcified, and examined histologically. No significant differences were found in the degree of cellular fibrosis or heavy collagen production. A similar laminectomy at another lumbar level was also followed by gel rt-PA, free fat, or no tissue placement. Three months after surgery, surgery was performed again at this level immediately before death. There were no differences in the adhesiveness of the laminectomy membrane to dura mater or roots It was concluded that the local Instillation of gel rt-PA aftar laminectomy d id not inhibit scar formation or scar adherence to the dura mater.
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) to prove circulatory arrest for the diagnosis of brain death in the context of organ transplantation.

QUESTION UNDER STUDY For the determination of brain death (BD) in potential organ donors, confirmatory tests that show cessation of cerebral circulation are used in many countries. Conventional angiography is considered the golden standard among these ancillary examinations. In recent years other angiographic techniques such as CT angiography (CTA) have been increasingly employed to establish the diagnosis of BD. We report our experience with CTA in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2007 to 2010, 29 patients were examined in order to determine BD using CTA. The studies consisted of an unenhanced head scan, a CT angiogram of the brain supplying vessels in the head and neck and a second head scan 80 seconds after contrast injection (venous phase). The studies were retrospectively re-evaluated by two experienced neuroradiologists according to the criteria accepted by the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. RESULTS In 22 patients, cessation of cerebral circulation was confirmed in the venous phase CT. In seven patients, cessation of brain circulation was not confirmed due to residual contrast enhancement in the relevant cerebral vessels, i.e. the M4-segments of the middle cerebral artery and/or the internal cerebral veins. In these patients, clinical re-evaluation after a minimum of six hours confirmed the diagnosis of BD. Using the clinical examination as the "golden standard," CTA achieved a sensitivity of 75.9%. CONCLUSION CTA is a useful additional tool for the confirmation of the diagnosis of brain death. Pooling of contrast in the relevant cerebral vessels, however, can be detected in up to 25% of CTAs in clinically brain dead patients.
Real-Time Football Analysis with StreamTeam: Demo

In the last years, the analysis of data in sports has received considerable attention, especially due to the wide availability of unobtrusive wearable sensors. While most approaches focus on the (post-hoc) monitoring of individuals, a big and still largely unsolved challenge is the monitoring of the tactical behavior and tactical compliance of entire teams in real-time. In this paper, we introduce STREAMTEAM, a novel and extensible workflow-based approach to analyze data streams and to detect complex team events in real-time. We show the application of STREAMTEAM to data sets coming from sensors attached to players of football teams.
Diversity and Composition of Airborne Fungal Community Associated with Particulate Matters in Beijing during Haze and Non-haze Days

To assess the diversity and composition of airborne fungi associated with particulate matters (PMs) in Beijing, China, a total of 81 PM samples were collected, which were derived from PM2.5, PM10 fractions, and total suspended particles during haze and non-haze days. The airborne fungal community in these samples was analyzed using the Illumina Miseq platform with fungi-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the large subunit rRNA gene. A total of 797,040 reads belonging to 1633 operational taxonomic units were observed. Of these, 1102 belonged to Ascomycota, 502 to Basidiomycota, 24 to Zygomycota, and 5 to Chytridiomycota. The dominant orders were Pleosporales (29.39%), Capnodiales (27.96%), Eurotiales (10.64%), and Hypocreales (9.01%). The dominant genera were Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Sporisorium, and Aspergilus. Analysis of similarities revealed that both particulate matter sizes (R = 0.175, p = 0.001) and air quality levels (R = 0.076, p = 0.006) significantly affected the airborne fungal community composition. The relative abundance of many fungal genera was found to significantly differ among various PM types and air quality levels. Alternaria and Epicoccum were more abundant in total suspended particles samples, Aspergillus in heavy-haze days and PM2.5 samples, and Malassezia in PM2.5 samples and heavy-haze days. Canonical correspondence analysis and permutation tests showed that temperature (p < 0.01), NO2 (p < 0.01), PM10 (p < 0.01), SO2(p < 0.01), CO (p < 0.01), and relative humidity (p < 0.05) were significant factors that determine airborne fungal community composition. The results suggest that diverse airborne fungal communities are associated with particulate matters and may provide reliable data for studying the responses of human body to the increasing level of air pollution in Beijing.
Occupational stress in consultants in accident and emergency medicine: a national survey of levels of stress at work

Objective: To assess levels of occupational stress in UK accident and emergency (A&E) consultants. Method: Postal survey of complete enumeration of UK consultants. Main outcome measures: GHQ-12 and SCL-D, and respondents' reported perceptions of stressors. Results: Of 371 valid respondents (78%), 21 declined to participate. Of the remaining 350, 154 (44.4%) had GHQ-12 scores over the threshold for distress, which is much higher than found in other studies of doctors. Levels of depression as measured by the SCL-D at 18% (n=63) were slightly higher than other groups. Thirty four (10%) reported suicidal ideation. Women had significantly higher SCL-D scores than men (U=6604, p<0.01). Respondents were highly satisfied with A&E as a specialty. Protective factors found in other occupational groups did not apply. Only one demographic or work related factor; number of hours reportedly worked during previous week by respondents in full time posts (median=57, interquartile range=57), significantly correlated with either stress outcome measure (GHQ-12 scores) (ρ=0.126, p<0.03). Logistic regression modelling revealed “being overstretched” (OR=1.18), “effect of hours (OR=0.82) and stress (OR=1.58) on family life”, and “lack of recognition” (OR=1.32) were significant predictors of GHQ identified caseness, while “the effect of stress on family life” (OR=1.53), low prestige of specialty (OR=1.20), and “dealing with management” (OR=1.28) predicted SCL-D scores. Conclusion: There are high levels of psychological distress among doctors working in A&E compared with other groups of doctors. There is likely to be an effect on staff morale and career longevity. Interventions to improve the working lives of A&E consultants are required, in particular a reduction in hours worked.
The prognostic value of initial blood lactate concentration measurements in very low birthweight infants and their use in development of a new disease severity scoring system

Objectives To investigate the predictive value of the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score in current practise, the predictive value of blood lactate concentrations ([L]) and to develop a new clinical scoring system for very low birthweight (VLBW) babies. Methods The predictive ability of CRIB, [L] and the development of the new score was based on retrospective data collected from all inborn VLBW babies born between March 2001 and February 2004 in a tertiary neonatal unit. Predictive ability was determined from area under the receiver operator curve (AUC). A new score was developed and validated with a second cohort of VLBW babies. Results 408 babies were studied in the development cohort and 275 in the validation cohort. AUC for CRIB was 0.933 (95% CI 0.897-0.969). Initial [L] was significantly higher in babies who died than in those who survived (median (range) 9.2 (1.26–21.1) vs 3.64 (0.67– 17.9) mmol/l, p<0.0001) as was the highest [L] in the first 12 h (10.2 (3.37–26) vs 3.84 (1.05–20.7) mmol/l, p<0.0001). A new score was developed using; highest [L], gestation and the presence of life-threatening malformation. AUC for the new score was 0.918 (95% CI 0.876-0.961) in the development cohort and 0.859 (95% CI 0.805-0.913) in the validation cohort. Conclusions CRIB score retains its predictive ability for mortality in VLBW babies. Early hyperlactataemia is a predictor of death in VLBW babies. The new score appears to perform as well as CRIB but requires fewer data items.
Cold air incursions, δ18O variability, and monsoon dynamics associated with snow days at Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru

Quelccaya Ice Cap in the Andes of Peru contains an annually resolved δ18O record covering the past 1800 years; yet atmospheric dynamics associated with snow deposition and δ18O variability at this site are poorly understood. Here we make use of 10 years of snow pit and short core δ18O data and hourly snow‐height measurements obtained by an automated weather station deployed at the ice cap's summit to analyze linkages between snowfall, δ18O, and the South American summer monsoon (SASM). Snow accumulation peaks in December and is negative May–September. Snow δ18O values decrease gradually through austral summer from about −17 to −24‰. Surface snow δ18O is altered after deposition during austral winter from about −24 to −15‰. More than 70% of the total snow accumulation is tied to convection along the leading edge of cold air incursions of midlatitude air advected equatorward from southern South America. Snowfall amplitude at Quelccaya Ice Cap varies systematically with regional precipitation, atmospheric dynamics, midtroposphere humidity, and water vapor δD. Strongest snowfall gains correspond with positive precipitation anomalies over the western Amazon Basin, increased humidity, and lowered water vapor δD values, consistent with the “amount effect. ” We discuss ventilation of the monsoon, modulated by midlatitude cold air advection, as potentially diagnostic of the relationship between SASM dynamics and Quelccaya snowfall. Results will serve as a basis for development of a comprehensive isotopic forward model to reconstruct past monsoon dynamics using the ice core δ18O record.
Sex, Gender and Self-Concept: Predicting Web Shopping Site Design Preferences

Past studies of male-female differences in Web site design preferences often attribute these sex differences to gender roles and thereby posit a direct link between biological sex and gender identity. This paper, however, demonstrates the value of measuring specific self-concept traits that are associated with gender identity, rather than assuming their existence as a consequence of biological sex. An online survey collected Web site feature importance ratings as well as measures of Self-Orientation (agentic) and Other- Orientation (communal) self-concept characteristics, and found that Self- and Other-Orientation were better predictors of Web site design preferences than sex. Individuals with high Other-Orientation scores desired Web site features that facilitated comprehensive processing of information-rich environments, while those with high Self-Orientation placed greater importance on design features that improved processing efficiency and minimized effort. These findings imply that Web designers should consider site personalization that responds to preferences arising from individual differences in self-concept.