Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of personality on dispersal and population dynamics in a passerine bird

6 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 7 REFERENCES . 10 APPENDIX A: RESOURCE-MEDIATED BEHAVIORAL DYNAMICS AMONG KIN DRIVE DISPERSAL IN A BIRD.12 APPENDIX B: RESOURCES AND BEHAVIOR DRIVE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN A BIRD.40
The Role of Mindfulness in Treating Addictive Disorders and Rehabilitation

Mindfulness was originally introduced as a participatory medicine and complementary therapy in hospital settings in the late 1970s. Since then, countless research experiments on mindfulness interventions have shown positive results in the areas of physical and cognitive challenges with a strong impact on the latter. The connection between rehabilitation in the areas of addiction and mindfulness has also become a popular discussion since the advent of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) which are variants of mindfulness practices. Research findings suggest positive effects on relapse prevention for addiction and other associated disorders. While the results from these research findings appear to suggest that mindfulness can be favourable to positive change, it is important to (1) understand the uniqueness of this alternative treatment and relief; and (2) review results from trials and other studies. A review and discussion of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) provided significant insights into the uniqueness of mindfulness interventions in helping people with addiction.
Event-Related Potential Evidence of Similarities and Differences between Prospective Memory and Vigilance

There are several similarities between prospective memory (PM) and vigilance, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between PM and vigilance using event-related potentials (ERP). Behavioral results indicated that PM showed longer reaction time and less accuracy than vigilance. The ERP data revealed that PM and vigilance did not show significant difference during 200-400ms in occipital region, i.e., the cue detection process, vigilance evoked more parietal positivity (related to categorization and monitoring process) than PM, but it may be related to the difference of ongoing task and non-target trials, PM evoked more negative slow wave in frontal region, suggesting post-retrieval evaluations of PM.
A new version of the quasi-reversibility method for the thermoacoustic tomography and a coefficient inverse problem

An inverse problem of the determination of an initial condition in a hyperbolic equation from the lateral Cauchy data is considered. This problem has applications to the thermoacoustic tomography, as well as to linearized coefficient inverse problems of acoustics and electromagnetics. A new version of the quasi-reversibility method is described. This version requires a new Lipschitz stability estimate, which is obtained via the Carleman estimate. Numerical results are presented.
Heritage education in informal contexts. Motivation and self-concept / Educación patrimonial en contextos informales. Motivación y autoconcepto

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse differences in motivation and social self-concept in students participating in three different programmes of heritage education in informal contexts. A total of 667 secondary school students from the mining and industrial area of Bizkaia participated in the study. The results show differences in motivation between experimental and control groups before and after their participation in the inter-generational programme. Differences were also found in social self-concept after participation in the inter-generational programme and a follow-up class, after participation in the Dolores Ibarruri programme and after visiting the Mining Museum. With regard to gender, no differences are found in motivation either before or after participation, although differences are found in favour of females in social self-concept.
Reduced cholesterol levels impair Smoothened activation in Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a common autosomal-recessive disorder that results from mutations in the gene encoding the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). Impaired DHCR7 function is associated with a spectrum of congenital malformations, intellectual impairment, epileptiform activity and autism spectrum disorder. Biochemically, there is a deficit in cholesterol and an accumulation of its metabolic precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) in developing tissues. Morphological abnormalities in SLOS resemble those seen in congenital Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-deficient conditions, leading to the proposal that the pathogenesis of SLOS is mediated by aberrant SHH signalling. SHH signalling is transduced through the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO), which localizes to the primary cilium of a cell on activation and is both positively and negatively regulated by sterol molecules derived from cholesterol biosynthesis. One proposed mechanism of SLOS involves SMO dysregulation by altered sterol levels, but the salient sterol species has not been identified. Here, we clarify the relationship between disrupted cholesterol metabolism and reduced SHH signalling in SLOS by modelling the disorder in vitro. Our results indicate that a deficit in cholesterol, as opposed to an accumulation of 7DHC, impairs SMO activation and its localization to the primary cilium.
New Horizons in the Assessment of Computer Science at School and Beyond: Leveraging on the ViVA Platform

A revolution is taking place across Europe and worldwide in how we teach our children about computing, in primary and secondary school. Out goes ICT and how to use Microsoft Office; in comes coding and computer science. Assessment has a crucial role to play in this revolution. If teachers use low-quality assessment instruments we will end-up teaching the wrong subject; and viceversa. This paper reviews the state of the field, and makes concrete, achievable proposals for developing shared, high quality assessments for computer science. Central to this proposal is the collaborative platform VIVA (the Vilnius collaboratively coded and Validated computer science questions/tasks for Assess- ment). Two requirements are key to VIVA: 1) support for multiple competency frameworks, so that the contributors can meta-tag resources with respect to the framework they are most familiar with; and 2) support for crowdsourcing the validation of each question/task and its mapping to competencies. The use of a taxonomy of questions/tasks type that has been mapped to computational thinking concepts and to a competency framework is proposed. Some seed questions are already available in the online platform prototype, and various supporters have granted permission to use large questions banks. The design requirements of a full implementation of the VIVA platform for a modern and effective approach to assessment including support for digital badges, are outlined; and some preliminary results from a survey administered to the initial contributors to VIVA are presented.
Exploring probation officer styles and goals with individual, organizational, and social characteristics

Probation offices are organizational units that provide the structure necessary to develop shared meaning systems that influence individual level attitudes, values, and beliefs. We analyze survey responses (n = 252) from county-level probation departments (n = 19) in a single state. The dependent variables are three-factor scales combining items to measure enforcement, reentry, and protection scales. Our central goal is to determine if the authoritarian (i.e. law enforcement) and assistance (i.e. social worker) typologies predict supervision goals. The robust regression analyses show that department (e.g. caseload size, number of officers) and county-level measures of poverty and percent black in the population are significant factors for enforcement and reentry. The article concludes with policy implications.
A Naturally Occurring Mutation in an Arabidopsis Accession Affects a β-d-Galactosidase That Increases the Hydrophilic Potential of Rhamnogalacturonan I in Seed Mucilage[W]

The Arabidopsis thaliana accession Shahdara was identified as a rare naturally occurring mutant that does not liberate seed mucilage on imbibition. The defective locus was found to be allelic to the mum2-1 and mum2-2 mutants. Map-based cloning showed that MUCILAGE-MODIFIED2 (MUM2) encodes the putative β-d-galactosidase BGAL6. Activity assays demonstrated that one of four major β-d-galactosidase activities present in developing siliques is absent in mum2 mutants. No difference was observed in seed coat epidermal cell structure between wild-type and mutant seed; however, weakening of the outer tangential cell wall by chemical treatment resulted in the release of mucilage from mum2 seed coat epidermal cells, and the mum2 mucilage only increased slightly in volume, relative to the wild type. Consistent with the absence of β-d-galactosidase activity in the mutant, the inner layer of mucilage contained more Gal. The allocation of polysaccharides between the inner and outer mucilage layers was also modified in mum2. Mass spectrometry showed that rhamnogalacturonan I in mutant mucilage had more branching between rhamnose and hexose residues relative to the wild type. We conclude that the MUM2/BGAL6 β-d-galactosidase is required for maturation of rhamnogalacturonan I in seed mucilage by the removal of galactose/galactan branches, resulting in increased swelling and extrusion of the mucilage on seed hydration.
The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice core

Abstract. The EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C drilling in East Antarctica has now been completed to a depth of 3260 m, at only a few meters above bedrock. Here we present the new EDC3 chronology, which is based on the use of 1) a snow accumulation and mechanical flow model, and 2) a set of independent age markers along the core. These are obtained by pattern matching of recorded parameters to either absolutely dated paleoclimatic records, or to insolation variations. We show that this new time scale is in excellent agreement with the Dome Fuji and Vostok ice core time scales back to 100 kyr within 1 kyr. Discrepancies larger than 3 kyr arise during MIS 5.4, 5.5 and 6, which points to anomalies in either snow accumulation or mechanical flow during these time periods. We estimate that EDC3 gives accurate event durations within 20% (2σ) back to MIS11 and accurate absolute ages with a maximum uncertainty of 6 kyr back to 800 kyr.
Modeling of Accumulation MOS Capacitors

A model for MOS capacitors in accumulation is presented, which is able to predict the nonlinear distortion accurately. The key idea of this work is to include the polysilicon gate depletion effect in that model. Several test structures based on MOS capacitors in accumulation have been implemented with the object of validating the model and to explore the potential applications to high performance analog circuits fabricated in pure digital CMOS technologies. The model shows good agreement with experimental results.
Profit Shifting opportunities, Multinationals, and the determinants of FDI

The theory of tax competition suggests that different tools might be used to attract physical capital and taxable profits. While it is assumed that FDI in real activity is deterred by high effective taxes, investment undertaken for purpose of profit-shifting is deterred by a higher statutory tax rate. Using information from the RWI-Database "Globalisation", which contains statistics about foreign engagements of the most important German enterprises, this paper investigates if this assumption holds in reality. Differentiating between the functional form of engagement and using a linear regression, the analysis provides evidence that FDI in real activity (production) is correlated with effective tax rates while FDI that implies more opportunities for profit shifting activities (service, finance and R&D) is correlated with the tatutory tax rate.
Involvement of Microtubular Network and Its Motors in Productive Endocytic Trafficking of Mouse Polyomavirus

Infection of non-enveloped polyomaviruses depends on an intact microtubular network. Here we focus on mouse polyomavirus (MPyV). We show that the dynamics of MPyV cytoplasmic transport reflects the characteristics of microtubular motor-driven transport with bi-directional saltatory movements. In cells treated with microtubule-disrupting agents, localization of MPyV was significantly perturbed, the virus was retained at the cell periphery, mostly within membrane structures resembling multicaveolar complexes, and at later times post-infection, only a fraction of the virus was found in Rab7-positive endosomes and multivesicular bodies. Inhibition of cytoplasmic dynein-based motility by overexpression of dynamitin affected perinuclear translocation of the virus, delivery of virions to the ER and substantially reduced the numbers of infected cells, while overexpression of dominant-negative form of kinesin-1 or kinesin-2 had no significant impact on virus localization and infectivity. We also found that transport along microtubules was important for MPyV-containing endosome sequential acquisition of Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 GTPases. However, in contrast to dominant-negative mutant of Rab7 (T22N), overexpression of dominant-negative mutant Rab11 (S25N) did not affect the virus infectivity. Altogether, our study revealed that MPyV cytoplasmic trafficking leading to productive infection bypasses recycling endosomes, does not require the function of kinesin-1 and kinesin-2, but depends on functional dynein-mediated transport along microtubules for translocation of the virions from peripheral, often caveolin-positive compartments to late endosomes and ER – a prerequisite for efficient delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus.
Inside the Black of Box of Ability Peer Effects: Evidence from Variation in Low Achievers in the Classroom

In this paper, we estimate the extent of ability peer effects in the classroom and explore the underlying mechanisms through which these peer effects operate. We identify as low ability students those who are enrolled at least one year behind their birth cohort (“repeaters”). We show that there are marked differences between the academic performance and behavior of repeaters and regular students. The status of repeaters is mostly determined by first grade; therefore, it is unlikely to have been affected by their classroom peers, and our estimates will not suffer from the reflection problem. Using within school variation in the proportion of these low ability students across cohorts of middle and high school students in Israel, we find that the proportion of low achieving peers has a negative effect on the performance of regular students, especially those located at the lower end of the ability distribution. An exploration of the underlying mechanisms of these peer effects shows that, relative to regular students, repeaters report that teachers are better in the individual treatment of students and in the instilment of capacity for individual study. However, a higher proportion of these low achieving students results in a deterioration of teachers’ pedagogical practices, has detrimental effects on the quality of inter-student relationships and the relationships between teachers and students, and increases the level of violence and classroom disruptions.
Valoración del desarrollo motor y su correlación con los trastornos del aprendizaje

Se ha valorado el desarrollo motor en 180 ninos, divididos en dos grupos (experimental y control), a traves de la escala de desarrollo motor "picq y vayer adaptado -pva", y se ha correlacionado con los trastornos del aprendizaje. El grupo experimental consiste en 60 ninos que acudieron a la consulta de neuropsiquiatria infantil, hospital infantil "miguel servet", periodo de enero de 1994 y octubre de 1995, edad comprendida de 3 a 10 anos, diagnostico clinico de trastorno del aprendizaje, segun la clasificacion del dsm-iv (trastorno en lectura, expresion escrita y calculo; trastorno en la coordinacion; trastorno fonologico y de lenguaje expresivo; trastorno por deficit de atencion con hiperactividad). Fueron descartados ninos con trastornos auditivo, visual, mental y neurologico. Se ha realizado examenes complementarios como: tests de inteligencia (mccarthy / wisc) y lecto escritura (tale), examenes clinicos (cartografia cerebral y edad osea), antropometria (peso, talla, perimetro cefalico, perimetro de brazo, pliegues cutaneos y postura) y valorado el rendimiento escolar (general, lectura, escritura y calculo). El grupo control consiste en 120 escolares matriculados en la ensenanza publica de infantil y primaria, durante los cursos 93/94 y 94/95. Se ha realizado el examen de desarrollo motor, antropometria y valorado el rendimiento escolar. Los dos grupos se sometieron a las pruebas de desarrollo motor, donde se valoraron ocho areas (desarrollo motor general, motricidad fina, motricidad gruesa, equilibrio, esquema corporal, organizacion espacial, organizacion temporal y lateralidad). Todas las areas de desarrollo motor fueron correlacionadas con el rendimiento escolar y tambien con los trastornos del aprendizaje y se ha observado resultados muy significativos (p<0,001).
Disruption of NMDA Receptors in Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells Does Not Alter Their Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis or Their Normal Development

Pharmacological studies have suggested that oligodendroglial NMDA glutamate receptors (NMDARs) mediate white matter injury in a variety of CNS diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We tested this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of human MS, by timed conditional disruption of oligodendroglial NR1, an essential subunit of functional NMDARs, using an inducible proteolipid protein (Plp) promoter-driven Cre-loxP recombination system. We found that selective ablation of oligodendroglial NR1 did not alter the clinical severity of EAE elicited in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (MOG-peptide), nor were there significant differences between the oligodendroglial NR1 KO and non-KO mice in numbers of axons lost in spinal cord dorsal funiculi or severity of spinal cord demyelination. Similarly, constitutive deletion of NR3A, a modulatory subunit of oligodendroglial NMDARs, did not alter the course of MOG-peptide EAE. Furthermore, conditional and constitutive ablation of NR1 in neonatal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells did not interrupt their normal maturation and differentiation. Collectively, our data suggest that oligodendroglial lineage NMDARs are neither required for timely postnatal development of the oligodendroglial lineage, nor significant participants in the pathophysiology of MOG-peptide EAE.
Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in patients with valvular heart disease

Objective Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations predict prognosis in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), but it is unclear whether this directly relates to disease severity. We assessed the relationship between BNP and echocardiographic measures of disease severity in patients with VHD. Methods Plasma BNP concentrations were measured in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function and isolated VHD (mitral regurgitation (MR), n=33; aortic regurgitation (AR), n=39; aortic stenosis (AS), n=34; mitral stenosis (MS), n=30), and age-matched and sex-matched controls (n=39) immediately prior to exercise stress echocardiography. Results Compared with controls, patients with VHD had elevated plasma BNP concentrations (MR median 35 (IQR 23–52), AR 34 (22–45), AS 31 (22–60), MS 58 (34–90); controls 24 (16–33) pg/mL; p<0.01 for all). LV end diastolic volume index varied by valve lesion; (MR (mean 77±14), AR (91±28), AS (50±17), MS (43±11), controls (52±13) mL/m2; p<0.0001). There were no associations between LV volume and BNP. Left atrial (LA) area index varied (MR (18±4 cm2/m2), AR (12±2), AS (11±3), MS (19±6), controls (11±2); p<0.0001), but correlated with plasma BNP concentrations: MR (r=0.42, p=0.02), MS (r=0.86, p<0.0001), AR (r=0.53, p=0.001), AS (r=0.52, p=0.002). Higher plasma BNP concentrations were associated with increased pulmonary artery pressure and reduced exercise capacity. Despite adverse cardiac remodelling, 81 (60%) patients had a BNP concentration within the normal range. Conclusions Despite LV remodelling, plasma BNP concentrations are often normal in patients with VHD. Conversely, mild elevations of BNP occur with LA dilatation in the presence of normal LV. Plasma BNP concentrations should be interpreted with caution when assessing patients with VHD.
Chest tube drainage versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for a first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax affects up to 28 patients per 100 000 population yearly and is commonly resolved by chest tube drainage. However, drainage is also known to be associated with ipsilateral recurrence rates ranging from 25% to 43%. Preventive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) may be an effective alternative to diminish these recurrence rates and its associated morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chest tube drainage and VATS as first line treatments of an initial episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched through 16 September 2018. Data regarding the ipsilateral recurrence rate and the length of hospitalization were extracted and submitted to meta-analysis using the random-effects model and the I2 test for heterogeneity. Two randomized controlled trials and 2 observational studies were included, enrolling a total of 479 patients. Pairwise analysis demonstrated significantly reduced ipsilateral recurrence rates [odds ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.33; P < 0.00001] and length of hospitalization (standardized mean difference -2.19, 95% CI -4.34 to -0.04; P = 0.046) in favour of VATS. However, a significant level of heterogeneity was detected for the length of hospitalization (I2 = 97%; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis that stratified study design found no statistical differences regarding recurrence rate. In conclusion, VATS can be an effective and attractive alternative to standard chest tube drainage, with reduced ipsilateral recurrence rates and length of hospitalization. However, given the low quality of the majority of included studies, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to strengthen the current evidence.
Optic flow calculation using robust statistics

A method for calculating optic flow, using robust statistics, is developed. The method generally out-performs all competing methods in terms of accuracy. One of the key features in the success of this method, is that we use least median of squares, which is known to be robust to outliers. The computational cost is kept very low by using an approximate solution to the least median of squares only in a first stage that detects outliers. The essential ingredients of our method should be applicable in a wide range of other computer vision problems.