Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A theory for particle size segregation in shallow granular free-surface flows

Abstract Granular materials composed of a mixture of grain sizes are notoriously prone to segregation during shaking or transport. In this paper, a binary mixture theory is used to formulate a model for kinetic sieving of large and small particles in thin, rapidly flowing avalanches, which occur in many industrial and geophysical free-surface flows. The model is based on a simple percolation idea, in which the small particles preferentially fall into underlying void space and lever large particles upwards. Exact steady-state solutions have been constructed for general steady uniform velocity fields, as well as time-dependent solutions for plug-flow, that exploit the decoupling of material columns in the avalanche. All the solutions indicate the development of concentration shocks, which are frequently observed in experiments. A shock-capturing numerical algorithm is formulated to solve general problems and is used to investigate segregation in flows with weak shear.
Cooking fuels and the push for cleaner alternatives: a case study from Burkina Faso

Introduction: More than 95% of the population in Burkina Faso uses some form of solid biomass fuel. When these fuels are burned in traditional, inefficient stoves, pollutant levels within and outside the home can be very high. This can have important consequences for both health and climate change. Thus, the push to switch to cleaner burning fuels is advantageous. However, there are several considerations that need to be taken into account when considering the use and promotion of different fuel types. Objective: In the setting of the semi-urban area of Nouna, Burkina Faso, we examine the common fuel types used (wood, charcoal and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) in terms of consumption, energy, availability, air pollution and climate change. Results and conclusion: Although biomass solid fuel does offer some advantages over LPG, the disadvantages make this option much less desirable. Lower energy efficiencies, higher pollutant emission levels, the associated health consequences and climate change effects favour the choice of LPG over solid biomass fuel use. Further studies specific to Burkina Faso, which are lacking in this region, should also be undertaken in this area to better inform policy decisions.
Trade liberalization and heterogeneous within-firm productivity improvements

This paper develops an intra-industry model of trade with heterogeneous firms to investigate the impact of trade on the evolution of within firm productivity. The main contribution is to incorporate endogenous labor productivity gains. Heterogeneous firms have different incentives to invest in foreign technology which in turns enhances efficiency heterogeneously. Trade liberalization reduces the price of imported capital equipment and increases factor demands. These mechanisms introduce two novel results. First, aggregate productivity increases due to within-firm productivity improvements. Second, tariffs reduction has little impact on the extensive margin of trade in countries already highly open.
Towards robust cascaded regression for face alignment in the wild

Most state-of-the-art solutions for localizing facial feature landmarks build on the recent success of the cascaded regression framework [7, 15, 34], which progressively predicts the shape update based on the previous shape estimate and its feature calculation. We revisit several core aspects of this framework and show that proper selection of regression method, local image feature and fine-tuning of further fitting strategies can achieve top performance for face alignment using the generic cascaded regression algorithm. In particular, our strongest model features Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) [18] for training robust regressors in the presence of outliers in the training data, RootSIFT [2] as the image patch descriptor that replaces the original Euclidean distance in SIFT [24] with the Hellinger distance, as well as coarse-to-fine fitting and in-plane pose normalization during shape update. We show the benefit of each proposed improvement by extensive individual experiments compared to the baseline approach [34] on the LFPW dataset [4]. On the currently most challenging 300-W dataset [28] and COFW dataset [4], we report state-of-the-art results that are superior to or on par with recently published algorithms.
Learning Word Meta-Embeddings by Using Ensembles of Embedding Sets

Word embeddings -- distributed representations of words -- in deep learning are beneficial for many tasks in natural language processing (NLP). However, different embedding sets vary greatly in quality and characteristics of the captured semantics. Instead of relying on a more advanced algorithm for embedding learning, this paper proposes an ensemble approach of combining different public embedding sets with the aim of learning meta-embeddings. Experiments on word similarity and analogy tasks and on part-of-speech tagging show better performance of meta-embeddings compared to individual embedding sets. One advantage of meta-embeddings is the increased vocabulary coverage. We will release our meta-embeddings publicly.
The cavity approach to parallel dynamics of Ising spins on a graph

We use the cavity method to study the parallel dynamics of disordered Ising models on a graph. In particular, we derive a set of recursive equations in single-site probabilities of paths propagating along the edges of the graph. These equations are analogous to the cavity equations for equilibrium models and are exact on a tree. On graphs with exclusively directed edges we find an exact expression for the stationary distribution. We present the phase diagrams for an Ising model on an asymmetric Bethe lattice and for a neural network with Hebbian interactions on an asymmetric scale-free graph. For graphs with a nonzero fraction of symmetric edges the equations can be solved for a finite number of time steps. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by simulations. Using a heuristic method the cavity equations are extended to a set of equations that determine the marginals of the stationary distribution of Ising models on graphs with a nonzero fraction of symmetric edges. The results from this method are discussed and compared with simulations.
Primary school headteacher recruitment and selection in England: the processes and the problematic aspects

ABSTRACT Appointing a headteacher in England is important but under-researched, hence the study reported here. We interviewed and surveyed chairs of governing boards that had recently undertaken the appointment process. Governing bodies follow broadly similar recruitment and selection processes, which have a number of problematic aspects: the unique nature of the context; the complexity of the processes; ensuring adequate recruitment; the processes are demanding, resource intensive, a considerable responsibility and difficult to organise especially when there are internal candidates; the skills required are specialised; engaging external expertise can be beneficial, but not without challenges; and the chair’s involvement is typically substantial.
Care and Traditional Ethics: Enhancing the Development of Moral Reasoning Among Nurses

Care ethics and traditional ethics were studied as they relate to the development of moral reasoning among nurses. Pretest findings suggest that nurses with varying years of experience perform at similar levels of principled reasoning. Post hoc comparisons show a significant increase (p < .05) in principled reasoning after instruction in care ethics among nurses with less than 5 years of experience. More experienced nurses demonstrate a nonsignificant pattern of improved principled reasoning in the traditional and combined groups. Improvement endures 2 months but dissipates 1 year after instruction. Replication and further study is warranted to validate care and traditional ethics on moral reasoning.
Tinfolec: A New French Web-Based Test for Reading Assessment in Primary School

The goal of the experiment was to examine the relevance of a new French web-based assessment, Tinfolec (Test INFOrmatisé d’évaluation de la LECture), the aim of which is to evaluate the reading abilities of children in primary grades. The participants were 1,016 children from Grades 2 to 5. They completed the five tasks of Tinfolec designed to assess the efficiency of the two procedures used to identify written words (the nonlexical route and the lexical orthographic route). We tested the reliability and validity of the new tool in a subsection of this sample. Correlational analyses provided evidence of the reliability and validity of Tinfolec. The results are consistent with the conventionally observed effect of lexical factors (length, consistency, and frequency) on written word processing. The results confirm the relevance of the proposed tasks. The study produced promising results and would allow practitioners to perform online assessments of reading skills.
Teaching and Knowing in Nepantla: “I wanted them to realize that, that is being bilingual.”

ABSTRACT Bilingual teachers’ professional identity inquiry may open up possibilities for agency and equality in U.S. dual language contexts. Deploying Borderland, Agency, and Position theories, this article narrates the life histories of three nepantlera Chicanx/Latinx dual language bilingual teachers—Jessica, Roberto, and Marta—who work in different English-Spanish dual language immersion (DLI) schools in a Midwestern city. Jessica self-identified as Chicana and the other two participants as Latinos. The purpose of the study was to examine the complexity of these teachers’ professional identity development and their possibilities for agency within nepantla—their negotiating of their linguistic and cultural identities as English- or Spanish-only teachers in a dual language program with a strict language separation model. Data included three life history interviews with each participant over four months. Findings suggest possibilities for teachers’ assertion of their silenced bilingual voices, for reclaiming their linguistic and cultural identities, and for further developing their “bilingual pedagogical noticing,” as well as conscious leveraging of their aesthetic and deeply personal understanding of themselves—of nepantla—to assert more holistic bilingual and bicultural identities in DLI programs. Through sociopolitical consciousness and the leveraging of educators’ and students’ identities, the context for teaching and learning can be (re)imagined to allow for (re)presenting teachers’ fuller, holistic professional identities and for opening up potential spaces for agency.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Preterm Rabbit Lung after Seven Days of Hyperoxic Exposure

The neonatal management of preterm born infants often results in damage to the developing lung and subsequent morbidity, referred to as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Animal models may help in understanding the molecular processes involved in this condition and define therapeutic targets. Our goal was to identify molecular pathways using the earlier described preterm rabbit model of hyperoxia induced lung-injury. Transcriptome analysis by mRNA-sequencing was performed on lungs from preterm rabbit pups born at day 28 of gestation (term: 31 days) and kept in hyperoxia (95% O2) for 7 days. Controls were preterm pups kept in normoxia. Transcriptomic data were analyzed using Array Studio and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), in order to identify the central molecules responsible for the observed transcriptional changes. We detected 2217 significantly dysregulated transcripts following hyperoxia, of which 90% could be identified. Major pathophysiological dysregulations were found in inflammation, lung development, vascular development and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. To conclude, amongst the many dysregulated transcripts, major changes were found in the inflammatory, oxidative stress and lung developmental pathways. This information may be used for the generation of new treatment hypotheses for hyperoxia-induced lung injury and BPD.
Diabetes, plasma insulin, and cardiovascular disease: subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial (VA-HIT).

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose level, or insulin resistance are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of gemfibrozil in subjects with varying levels of glucose tolerance or hyperinsulinemia and to examine the association between diabetes status and glucose and insulin levels and risk of cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Subgroup analyses from the Department of Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial that enrolled 2531 men with coronary heart disease (CHD), a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 40 mg/dL or less (</=1.04 mmol/L), and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 140 mg/dL or less (</=3.63 mmol/L). Subjects received either gemfibrozil (1200 mg/d) or matching placebo and were followed up for an average of 5.1 years. In this article, we report the composite end point (CHD death, stroke, or myocardial infarction). RESULTS Compared with those with a normal fasting glucose level, risk was increased in subjects with known diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.43; P =.001) and those with newly diagnosed diabetes (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.10-2.68; P =.02). In persons without diabetes, a fasting plasma insulin level of 39 micro U/mL or greater (>/=271 pmol/L) was associated with a 31% increased risk of events (P =.03). Gemfibrozil was effective in persons with diabetes (risk reduction for composite end point, 32%; P =.004). The reduction in CHD death was 41% (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91; P =.02). Among individuals without diabetes, gemfibrozil was most efficacious for those in the highest fasting plasma insulin level quartile (risk reduction, 35%; P =.04). CONCLUSION In men with CHD and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, gemfibrozil use was associated with a reduction in major cardiovascular events in persons with diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with a high fasting plasma insulin level.
Is There Something Beyond Stages of Change in the Transtheoretical Model? The State of Art for Physical Activity

Over the past 30 years, there has been a growing interest in the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) in the domain of physical activity (PA). Even though this model has been widely used to implement PA interventions, most of these interventions have not used all of the TTM’s theoretical constructs. Indeed, several studies focused exclusively on the stages of change although this construct is only descriptive. Thus, in the present review, we wanted to encourage researchers to go beyond stages of change when they use the TTM. To do so, we aimed to provide an overview of the TTM, its constructs and to present on one hand, longitudinal studies examining the association between PA and TTM constructs and, on the other hand, summarising the efficacy of TTM-based interventions as to present future TTM challenges. Au cours des 30 dernières années, on a pu observer un intérêt accru pour l’application du modèle transthéorique (MTT) dans le domaine de l’activité physique (AP). Bien que ce modèle ait largement été utilisé pour la mise en œuvre d’interventions en AP, la majorité de ces interventions n’ont pas utilisé tous les concepts théoriques du MTT. En effet, plusieurs études ont porté exclusivement sur les stades de changement alors que ce concept est uniquement descriptif. Ainsi, dans la présente étude, nous avons voulu encourager les chercheurs à aller au-delà des stades de changement lorsqu’ils utilisent le MTT. Pour ce faire, nous avions pour but de fournir un aperçu du MTT et de ses concepts tout en présentant, d’une part, des études longitudinales examinant la relation entre l’AP et les concepts du MTT et, d’autre part, en résumant l’efficacité des interventions basées sur le MTT et en abordant les défis de demain par rapport au MTT.
Benthic flow environments affect recruitment of Crassostrea virginica larvae to an intertidal oyster reef

Restoration efforts to enhance Crassostrea virginica oyster populations along the Vir- ginia, USA, coastline focus on creating benthic habitat suitable for larval recruitment, survival, and growth. To determine how benthic flow processes affect larval recruitment, velocity and tur- bulence we collected data over multiple intertidal benthic surfaces including a mud bed, a C. vir- ginica oyster reef, and 2 restoration sites comprised of deposited C. virginica oyster shell or the relatively larger Busycotypus canaliculatus whelk shell. Mean estimates of the drag coefficient, CD, used as a measure of hydrodynamic roughness over the C. virginica reef were found to be 2 times greater than over the restoration sites and 5 times greater than over the mud bed. Enhanced fluid shear increased both peak Reynolds stresses and vertical momentum transport above the reef, but within the interstitial areas between individual oysters, velocities and turbulence were reduced. Larval settlement plates of varying triangular-shaped benthic roughness were used to mimic the natural topographic variability found along oyster reefs. The greatest larval recruitment occurred along interstitial regions between high-roughness topography, where shear stresses, which act to dislodge larvae, were found to be up to 20 times smaller than along exposed surfaces. Greater recruitment was also found on the more hydrodynamically rough whelk shell compared to the oyster shell restoration site. Results suggests that restoration efforts should consider creat- ing 3-dimensional benthic topography similar to established oyster reefs to provide hydrodynamic conditions and settlement surfaces that promote larval recruitment, prevent burial by sediment, and provide refuge from predation.
International students’ transitions to UK Higher Education – revisiting the concept and practice of academic hospitality

With the increasing mobility of international students to UK universities, the appropriate facilitation of their transition remains a critical issue in terms of higher education practice and research. Much existing research and practice is characterised by assimilationist approaches to transition where international students are seen to ‘adapt to’ and ‘fit in’ seemingly uniform host environments. This study however draws on the concept of ‘academic hospitality’ (Bennett, 2000; Phipps & Barnett, 2007) to develop a more nuanced stance which emphasises reciprocity between academic ‘hosts’ and ‘guests’. The findings presented here emerge from semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of international students who spent their first year abroad at a well-established UK university. Elaborating on different experiences and forms of academic hospitality (material, virtual, epistemological, linguistic and touristic), the paper contributes to a refined theorisation of international student transition. It also offers valuable insights for academic practitioners and policy makers who seek sensible approaches to internationalisation.
Life Matters: Exploring the Influence of Games and Mental Skills on Relatedness and Social Anxiety Levels in Disengaged Adolescent Students

LifeMatters is a 10-session life skills program implemented with youth that uses mental skills training and games to meet the three basic psychological needs of relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Forty disengaged students (20 experimental, 20 control) 16–17 years of age from a YMCA vocational school completed self-report measures before and after the intervention period. The school focuses on services for adolescents who find it difficult to gain an education through mainstream education due to behavioral and developmental issues. Mixed between-within subjects analyses of variance showed that there was a significant decrease in social anxiety, Wilks’s λ = . 84, F(1, 26) = 5.07, p = . 03, partial η2 = . 16, and a significant increase in relatedness Wilks’s λ = . 87, F(1, 26) = 4.2, p = . 05, partial η2 = . 14, over time for the experimental group compared to the control group. Analyses of covariance showed no significant difference between the two groups in change on social anxiety levels, F(1, 25) = 1.34, p = . 26, partial η2 = . 05, when controlling for relatedness, and no significant difference between the two groups in change in relatedness levels, F(1, 25) = 1.34, p = . 26, partial η2 = . 05, when controlling for social anxiety. This study provides insight into the potential effectiveness of using games and mental skills training to increase relatedness and decrease levels of social anxiety in disengaged students. Lay Summary: LifeMatters is a life skills program combining mental skills training and physically active games. Disengaged students who took part in the program reported lower levels of social anxiety and higher levels of relatedness compared to students who did not take part.
The Trill Incremental Analytics Engine

This technical report introduces Trill – a new query processor for analytics. Trill fulfills a combination of three requirements for a query processor to serve the diverse big data analytics space: (1) Query Model: Trill is based on a tempo-relational model that enables it to handle streaming and relational queries with early results, across the latency spectrum from real-time to offline; (2) Fabric and Language Integration: Trill is architected as a high-level language library that supports rich data-types and user libraries, and integrates well with existing distribution fabrics and applications; and (3) Performance: Trill’s throughput is high across the latency spectrum. For streaming data, Trill’s throughput is 2-4 orders of magnitude higher than today’s comparable streaming engines. For offline relational queries, Trill’s throughput is comparable to a major modern commercial columnar DBMS. Trill uses a streaming batched-columnar data representation with a new dynamic compilation-based system architecture that addresses all these requirements. In this technical report, we describe Trill’s new design and architecture, and report experimental results that demonstrate Trill’s high performance across diverse analytics scenarios. We also describe how Trill’s ability to support diverse analytics has resulted in its adoption across many usage scenarios at Microsoft.
Quality Of Work Life And Job Satisfaction Among Teacher Using Pls-Sem Approach

Quality of work life (QWL) is one of the backgrounds of the organization development and it influence job satisfaction. QWL is important for employees’ as well as it is necessary for organisation to achieve the growth and profitability in the market. Since study of quality of work life is capturing many researches nowadays, this paper aim at investigating the association of quality of work life and job satisfaction of teacher in cluster school in East Coast region in Malaysia. This study use quantitative method. Data of 220 respondents is analyzed using Partial least square (PLS) 3.0. Based from the convergent and discriminant validity, the measurement model is acceptable as it fits the criteria. Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.771 to 0.903, which shows that all variable are acceptable. The interaction of quality of work life and job satisfaction among school teacher is a topic worthy for future research and discussion since teacher play a critical role in our society and factors that influences their satisfaction and efficiency are important.