Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The social capital of older people

ABSTRACT How can the ‘social capital’ inherent in social networks provide contacts through which older people access practical and emotional support? What is the relative importance of kin and non-kin, and of participation in organisations and informal ties such as contacts with neighbours? Following a brief contextualisation that draws on previous literature, this paper addresses these questions through analysis of British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data. It examines the extent to which people feel they can count on emotional and practical support from friends and relatives. A dependent variable was created that measures the outcome of the ‘social capital’ residing in a respondent's social network. Relatively poor support was found amongst elders who were childless or had been continuously without a partner; relatively rich support was found amongst those who had frequent contact with other people, who interacted frequently with neighbours, and who regarded their neighbourhood as a positive social environment. Being active in organisations had less effect on social support than informal social contacts. Amongst many different forms of organisational activity, the only ones that had a positive association with social support were being in contact with others through religious activities, and engaging in sports clubs. The social support of working-class elders, even those ‘well networked’ in formal or informal ways, was strengthened less by their social capital than was that of the professional and managerial occupational groups.
Attachment in Romantic Couples and Perceptions of a Joint Drawing Session

This study examined the postsession evaluations of romantic partners that engaged in a joint drawing task, which is a commonly used technique in art therapy. The shared nonverbal interaction between partners while drawing together is assumed to elicit tensions between closeness and individuality among the partners. To examine couples’ postsession evaluations and their associations to the attachment characteristics of the partners, each of 60 romantic couples drew on one shared sheet of paper and completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the adult romantic attachment scale. As hypothesized, both attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance were negatively correlated with perceptions of the joint drawing session as smooth and positive. Women evaluated session depth as greater than did men, with the widest gap found in the insecure—insecure couple attachment combination. The importance of evaluating the divergent experiences of participants in a joint drawing session and the interpersonal dynamics in anxious woman—avoidant man couples are discussed.
Diffuse Infiltrative Lesion of the Breast: Clinical and Radiologic Features

The purpose of this paper is to show the clinical and radiologic features of a variety of diffuse, infiltrative breast lesions, as well to review the relevant literature. Radiologists must be familiar with the various conditions that can diffusely involve the breast, including normal physiologic changes, benign disease and malignant neoplasm.
Partial rescue of MeCP2 deficiency by postnatal activation of MeCP2

In humans, mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects mainly girls. MeCP2 binds to methylated CpGs and is thought to act as a transcriptional repressor. In male mice, deletion or targeted mutation of Mecp2 leads to lethality and causes a neuronal phenotype. Selective mutation of Mecp2 in postnatal neurons results in a similar, although delayed, phenotype, suggesting that the symptoms are caused by MeCP2 deficiency in postmitotic neurons. In agreement with this idea, expression of a Mecp2 transgene in postmitotic neurons of Mecp2-null mutant mice resulted in the phenotypical rescue of the symptoms. To assess whether postnatal activation of MeCP2 in mutant animals could also affect the progression of the disorder, we constructed a conditionally active Mecp2 “rescue transgene” that was activated between P0 and P30. The Mecp2 transgene was under the control of the CAGGS promoter and was activated by using brain specific Cre-mediated recombination. Our results indicate that postnatal, neuron-specific activation of MeCP2 as late as 2–4 weeks of age significantly prolonged the lifespan of mutant animals and delayed the onset of neurologic symptoms.
General and Specific Predictors of Behavioral and Emotional Problems Among Adolescents

Based on a sample of 1,218 students in the 10th and 11th grades, 14 variables measuring behavioral and emotional problems were modeled as four factors via confirmatory factor analysis.The factors were labeled Polydrug Use, Delinquency, Negative Affect, and Academic Orientation. A similar four-factor structure was supported 1 year later, and a cross-lagged autoregressive structural equation model indicated high stability but also some significant cross-lagged predictions. For instance, higher levels of Delinquency at Wave 1 predicted higher levels of Wave 2 Polydrug Use and Negative Affect and lower levels of Academic Orientation. Significant predictors common to the four factors included stressful life events and family social support. Specific predictive relations were indicated for particular temperament attributes and specific problem factors (e.g., high Activity Level predicted Delinquency; Behavioral Inflexibility predicted Negative Affect), and for peer substance use variables and specific problem factors (e.g., Peer Drug Use predicted Polydrug Use). The findings are discussed with regard to the need to use research designs and statistical models that facilitate the evaluation of the generality and specificity of influences on behavioral and emotional problems during adolescence.
Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Maternal Health Services: The Perspective of Rural Women in Ghana

Maternal mortality is a global issue and WHO recommends the use of maternal health services to help improve the health of women and babies during pregnancy and childbirth. Considering global and national interest in improving maternal health and the fact that Ghana is still battling with reducing maternal mortality, understanding the factors affecting the use of maternal services in rural areas is crucial as the women are seen as more vulnerable due to inequity issues. This study sets to examine the factors that influence the utilisation of antenatal and delivery services among rural women in Ghana, focusing on individual and area factors. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in three rural communities using Akuapim North District of Ghana as a case study. The study adopted the quantitative approach. Structured interviews were used in data collection with the help of interview schedules. Two hundred and ninety-six (296) respondents were sampled using both probability and non probability techniques. Findings reveal that the use of the MHS is inadequate in relation to the WHO standards. Individual characteristics such as age, marital status and family size and the cost and time taken to a health facility were significantly associated with all the maternal health outcomes. Poor access to vehicles hindered women from delivery in a health institution and getting assistance from trained medical personnels. However, no significant association was established between education of respondents and the maternal health outcomes. It is recommended that the Ministry of Health engages in inter-sectoral collaboration to help ensure health equity.Effective integration of TBAs in providing care is needed to help improve utilisation of maternal services in rural areas
Exploring the lay representation of forgiveness: Convergent and discriminant validity

Four studies employing a prototype approach tested the convergent and discriminant validity of a lay forgiveness representation. In Study 1, participants nominated a wide range of forgiveness features. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of forgiveness features, which created a reliable graded structure from central to peripheral features. Study 3 tested the convergent validity of this lay forgiveness representation while controlling for several confounding variables. In Study 4, the discriminant validity of this lay forgiveness representation was tested through a categorization procedure. The findings replicate and extend prior research on forgiveness (Kearns & Fincham, 2004), and support the psychological reality of a lay forgiveness representation distinct from other victim responses.
Application of AHP for the development of waste management systems that minimize infection risks in developing countries: Case studies Lesotho and South Africa

This paper focuses on the establishment of waste management systems that minimize infection risks in the context of sustainable development in the developing country situations. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a known multi-criteria decision-analysis approach, has been incorporated with international Life Cycle Management best practice to subsequently develop a decision support tool (WasteOpt) to optimise developing country rural Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) systems to address a main objective of HCWM systems, i.e. to minimize infection of patients and workers, and the public within the system. The tool was applied to two case studies: the sub-Saharan African countries of Lesotho and South Africa. Quantitative weightings from the AHP are used to identify alternative systems that have similar outcomes in meeting the systems objective, but may have different cost structures and infection risks. The two case studies illustrate how the WasteOpt tool can be used (with strengths and weaknesses) in waste management decision support.
A feeling for the numbers in biology

Although the quantitative description of biological systems has been going on for centuries, recent advances in the measurement of phenomena ranging from metabolism to gene expression to signal transduction have resulted in a new emphasis on biological numeracy. This article describes the confluence of two different approaches to biological numbers. First, an impressive array of quantitative measurements make it possible to develop intuition about biological numbers ranging from how many gigatons of atmospheric carbon are fixed every year in the process of photosynthesis to the number of membrane transporters needed to provide sugars to rapidly dividing Escherichia coli cells. As a result of the vast array of such quantitative data, the BioNumbers web site has recently been developed as a repository for biology by the numbers. Second, a complementary and powerful tradition of numerical estimates familiar from the physical sciences and canonized in the so-called “Fermi problems” calls for efforts to estimate key biological quantities on the basis of a few foundational facts and simple ideas from physics and chemistry. In this article, we describe these two approaches and illustrate their synergism in several particularly appealing case studies. These case studies reveal the impact that an emphasis on numbers can have on important biological questions.
Monitoring Faculty Diversity: The Need for a More Granular Approach

The slow growth of underrepresented minority (URM) faculty in higher education, as measured by the customarily used institution-wide aggregate percentage, hides a more severe clustering by race/ethnicity. This effect is revealed only when one takes into account the departments or units into which URM faculty have been hired. A new approach is proposed for measuring faculty diversity that takes into account this additional factor. The effectiveness of the new approach is illustrated using data from a large private university.
Functional Neuroimaging of Visual Recognition

1. Understanding the actions of others PART 1: MODULARITY: SPLITTING THE ATOM OF VISUAL COGNITION 2. Core knowledge 3. The evolution of human neocortex: Is the human brain fundamentally different that that of other mammals? 4. Analysis of topographically organized patterns of response in fMRI data: Distributed representations of objects in the ventral temporal cortex 5. Time as coding space in the cerebral cortex 6. Separate modifiability and the search for processing modules PART 2: INVESTIGATIONS OF THE VENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAY: EXTRACTING AND REPRESENTING VISUAL OBJECTS 7. Approaches to visual recognition 8. The functional organization of the ventral visual pathway and its relationship to object recognition 9. The cartography of human visual object areas 10. The neural bases of subliminal priming 11. Audio-visual associative learning enhances responses to auditory stimuli in visual cortex 12. Neural representation of object images in the macaque inferotemporal cortex 13. Plasticity and functional brain development: The case of face processing PART 3: MECHANISMS OF VISUAL ATTENTION 14. Neurobiology of human spatial attention: modulation, generation, and integration 15. Towards a neural basis of human visual attention: Evidence from functional brain imaging 16. The influence of scene organization on attention: Psychophysics and electrophysiology 17. Endogenous and stimulus-driven mechanisms of task control 18. The role of competitive circuits in extrastriate cortex in selecting spatially superimposed stimuli 19. The imaging of visual attention PART 4: SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION 20. Neural selection and control of action 21. Human brain imaging reveals a parietal area specialized for grasping 22. A framework for the investigation of directed cortical interactions: theoretical background and application to dynamic sensorimotor mapping 23. From viewing of movements to understanding and imitation of other persons' acts: MEG studies of the human mirror-neuron system 24. Neuropsychological perspectives on sensorimotor integration: Eye-hand coordination and visually guided reaching FINALE 25. The achievement of brain imaging: past and future
Class Struggle or Embedded Markets? Marx, Polanyi and the Meanings and Possibilities of Social Transformation

Marx and Polanyi both held that socialism, in one form or another, was a preferable and possible alternative to capitalism. Their ideas are seen to offer theoretical tools to understand the tensions and contradictions of capitalism, and to inform ways to overcome them. This paper discusses Polanyi's work from a Marxist perspective in order to illuminate his strengths and weaknesses. Its main focus is to discuss Polanyi's juxtaposing of commodification against exploitation, in diagnosing the problems of capitalist expansion. We suggest that by juxtaposing these two moments, Polanyi not only misses out on a crucial arena of capitalist activity (exploitation), but also undermines his own explication of processes of commodification. This has deleterious consequences for his understanding of the prevalence of poverty under capitalism. It also means that his vision of social transformation and of socialism is profoundly different, and potentially antithetical, to that of Marx. We suggest that for Polanyi's conception of de-commodification to gain greater traction it needs to be combined with Marx's analysis of exploitation and class struggle.
Autoimmune syndromes in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) congenic strains of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The NOD MHC is dominant for insulitis and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes

The development of autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is controlled by multiple genes. At least one diabetogenic gene is linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the NOD and is most likely represented by the two genes encoding the alpha and beta chains of the unique NOD class II molecule. Three other diabetogenic loci have recently been identified in the NOD mouse and are located on chromosomes 1, 3, and 11. In addition to the autoimmune diabetes which is caused by destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, other manifestations of autoimmunity are seen in the NOD mouse. These include mononuclear cell inflammation of the submandibular and lacrimal glands, as well as the presence of circulating autoantibodies. To determine the effect of the non-MHC diabetogenic genes on the development of autoimmunity, we constructed the NOD.B10-H- 2b (NOD.H-2b) strain, which possesses the non-MHC diabetogenic genes from the NOD mouse, but derives its MHC from the C57BL/10 (B10) strain. The NOD.H-2b strain does not develop insulitis, cyclophosphamide- induced diabetes, or spontaneous diabetes. It does, however, develop extensive lymphocytic infiltrates in the pancreas and the submandibular glands that are primarily composed of Thy 1.2+ T cells and B220+ B cells. In addition, autoantibodies are present in NOD.H-2b mice which recognize the "polar antigen" on the insulin-secreting rat tumor line RINm38. These observations demonstrate that the non-MHC genes in the NOD strain, in the absence of the NOD MHC, significantly contribute to the development of autoimmunity. The contribution of a single dose of the NOD MHC to autoimmunity was assessed with a (NOD x NOD.H-2b)F1 cross. Although only approximately 3% of F1 females developed spontaneous diabetes, approximately 50% of both female and male F1 mice developed insulitis, and 25% of females and 17% of males became diabetic after treatment with cyclophosphamide. These data demonstrate that the MHC-linked diabetogenic genes of the NOD mouse are dominant with decreasing levels of penetrance for the following phenotypes: insulitis greater than cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes greater than spontaneous diabetes.
“When I Was Circumcised I Was Taught Certain Things”: Risk Compensation and Protective Sexual Behavior among Circumcised Men in Kisumu, Kenya

Background Male circumcision has been shown to reduce the transmission of HIV from women to men through vaginal sex by approximately 60%. There is concern that men may engage in risk compensation after becoming circumcised, diminishing the benefits of male circumcision. Methods and Findings We conducted qualitative interviews with 30 sexually active circumcised men in Kisumu, Kenya from March to November 2008. Most respondents reported no behavior change or increasing protective sexual behaviors including increasing condom use and reducing the number of sexual partners. A minority of men reported engaging in higher risk behaviors either not using condoms or increasing the number of sex partners. Circumcised respondents described being able to perform more rounds of sex, easier condom use, and fewer cuts on the penis during sex. Conclusions Results illustrate that information about MC's protection against HIV has disseminated into the larger community and MC accompanied by counseling and HIV testing can foster positive behavior change and maintain sexual behavior.
DC express: shortest latency protocol for reading phase change memory over PCI express

Phase Change Memory (PCM) presents an architectural challenge: writing to it is slow enough to make attaching it to a CPU's main memory controller impractical, yet reading from it is so fast that using it in a peripheral storage device would leave much of its performance potential untapped at low command queue depths, throttled by the high latencies of the common peripheral buses and existing device protocols. Here we explore the limits of communication latency with a PCM-based storage device over PCI Express. We devised a communication protocol, dubbed DC Express, where the device continuously polls read command queues in host memory without waiting for host-driven initiation, and completion signals are eliminated in favor of a novel completion detection procedure that marks receive buffers in host memory with incomplete tags and monitors their disappearance. By eliminating superfluous PCI Express packets and context switches in this manner we are able to exceed 700,000 IOPS on small random reads at queue depth 1.
Making the right impression: A field study of applicant impression management during job interviews.

Two issues were explored: (a) which impression management (IM) tactics applicants use during actual interviews and (b) whether there is a relationship between applicants' IM tactics and their interview outcomes. The study also examined convergence across different methods and raters when measuring IM. Postinterview survey measures were obtained from applicants and interviewers regarding applicant IM behavior during a specific interview; in addition, a subset (n = 24) of interviews was audiotaped and analyzed for the presence of IM. Analyses revealed low to moderate convergence across methods and raters, suggesting that IM tactics may be multidimensional constructs. Across methods and raters, there was consistent evidence of greater applicant self-promotion than ingratiation. Similarly, IM tactics significantly predicted interviewers' evaluations and whether applicants later obtained site visits. Implications for future research are discussed.
The acquisition of L3 English vowels by infant German–Italian bilinguals

Abstract This paper is concerned with a specific case of L3 acquisition: the starting position for English vowel acquisition by infant German–Italian bilinguals will be investigated in light of prototype theory. The chosen example of triple language contact is characterised by consecutive bilingualism as the basis of L3 acquisition, where the learners' L2 is typologically related to L3. It will be discussed whether extended competence in a Germanic language may constitute the basis for transfer in phonetic acquisition of a further Germanic language. The investigation is embedded into a threefold framework: (1) considering the linguistic plurality of the European Union and its educational and linguistic policy, it examines the status of English as L3 in Europe; (2) according to the learners' psycholinguistic characteristics, it discusses the age issue in L3 phonetic acquisition; and (3) against the background of contrastive analysis, it illustrates differences and similarities between German, Italian and English phonetics, and phonology. Within this framework, infant bilinguals' German and Italian vowels will be phonetically analysed and compared with English target vowels. The implications for L3 phonetic acquisition based on the findings are intended as a preliminary, small-scale investigation in preparation of a wider study on a longitudinal basis. The findings presented here are of interest wherever learners share the characteristics of the study participants: bilinguals that add an L3 to their bilingual competence before completion of the so-called critical period.