Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of dielectric processes in aged oil impregnated paper

Oil impregnated paper in power transformers deteriorates in long-term operation, which leads to the variations of its dielectric characteristics. This paper focuses on investigating the generation mechanism of the dielectric processes in oil impregnated paper and their variations with thermal aging. Firstly, a set of thermally stimulated current tests with bias-voltages were conducted in distinguishing the dielectric processes and revealing their generation mechanism. Secondly, the standard thermally stimulated current spectrum and the M″ spectrum of 0–1000 h aged samples were joint analyzed in investigating the variations of dielectric processes in thermal aging process. Finally, additional experiments of moisture, acidity and microscopic observation were conducted in explaining these variations. It is concluded that three dielectric processes can be found in oil impregnated paper, i.e. the dipole polarization, the interfacial polarization and the electric conduction. These processes are all strengthened with thermal aging. The generation of molecules with strong polarity, the structural changes in insulating paper, and the generation of hydrogen ions are responsible for the strengthening of these processes sequentially. This investigation on distinguishing dielectric processes and obtaining their mechanism can promote further understanding on oil impregnated paper and provide information for insulation design in power transformers.
The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of relationship marketing: Environmental factors behind the changing marketing paradigm

Discusses the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of relationship marketing (RM) to show that RM is but one, albeit perhaps a major, manifestation of the ongoing paradigm shift in business and marketing. The rapid revolutionary changes in the economic and technological environment of business (such as the information revolution) made simultaneously both possible and necessary the changes that can be summarized as a fundamental paradigm shift. Further, it can be argued that this paradigm shift itself is a logical end result of two phenomena: the perennial quest to get closer to the customer and the ever widening scope of business and marketing towards a holistic view of the processes. The external and internal forces that led to the paradigm shift in business and marketing were manifested early in service marketing for natural reasons. Thus it is understandable that the concept of RM was first conceived of in service marketing but it is by no means limited to it. The parallel development in business is often labelled partnering (strategic alliances and partnerships).
Police Legitimacy in Action: Lessons for Theory and Practice

This essay considers the nature and importance of legitimacy in the context of policing policy and practice. On what basis is police legitimacy established, maintained and undermined? What are the implications of the extant body of empirical evidence for policing policy and practice? We concentrate on Tyler’s procedural justice model. But we also consider the idea that police legitimacy is partly based on the strength of informal social control processes operating at the neighborhood level: citizens grant the police power in exchange for social order; they cede power and authority to the police in exchange for social regulation and justice; and this conferral of power and consent to police authority may, to some degree, depend upon the strength of social order at a local level.
LOG-PERIODOGRAM ESTIMATION OF LONG MEMORY VOLATILITY DEPENDENCIES WITH CONDITIONALLY HEAVY TAILED RETURNS

ABSTRACT Many recent papers have used semiparametric methods, especially the log-periodogram regression, to detect and estimate long memory in the volatility of asset returns. In these papers, the volatility is proxied by measures such as squared, log-squared, and absolute returns. While the evidence for the existence of long memory is strong using any of these measures, the actual long memory parameter estimates can be sensitive to which measure is used. In Monte-Carlo simulations, I find that if the data is conditionally leptokurtic, the log-periodogram regression estimator using squared returns has a large downward bias, which is avoided by using other volatility measures. In United States stock return data, I find that squared returns give much lower estimates of the long memory parameter than the alternative volatility measures, which is consistent with the simulation results. I conclude that researchers should avoid using the squared returns in the semiparametric estimation of long memory volatility dependencies.
Managing Anemia in HIV-Positive Women

Anemia is a clinically significant complication of infection with HIV, especially in patients who develop clinical AIDS. Several large studies have demonstrated that HIV-infected women, particularly African–American women, are disproportionately affected by anemia. These studies also reveal an association between anemia and statistically significant decreases in survival. In this review, the impact of anemia, the demographic characteristics of affected patients and the known risk factors for development of anemia in HIV-infected women are discussed. In addition, the diverse etiologies of anemia in the setting of HIV infection are reviewed, as are current treatment recommendations.
Increasing sports participation in Scotland: are voluntary sports clubs the answer?

A policy objective of the Scottish Government is to increase sports participation as a means of increasing health and social inclusion. This article assesses the potential contribution of sports clubs run by their members to these objectives through an analysis of the Scottish Opinion Survey results. These identify the percentage of sports participation that occurs in clubs by sport, gender, deprivation level and local authority; and the article also examines how volunteering in sport varies by these dimensions. This shows that participation in clubs is more important for particular sports, it is highest in the least deprived areas, highest for male participants, and for those over 55 years old, and varies considerably across local authorities. This leads to a discussion of the implications for sports policy. Three aspects are considered: the geographical dimension, the demographics and target populations and the nature of voluntary sports clubs. Voluntary sports clubs are important because they are the places where sport participation occurs most commonly. Sports clubs are run by volunteers who are motivated by a number of factors, almost certainly not by the policy direction of government. If the interest of the clubs and their members can be served by delivering government policy targets, perhaps through increasing funding for the club, or improving facilities, then voluntary sports clubs can make a significant contribution to achieving those targets.
The Significance of Small Intestinal Epithelium in Gastric Antral Biopsies in Children

Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric antrum is common in adults with chronic gastritis and occurs in Helicobacter-associated gastritis in children. This study examined the frequency and clinical correlates of intestinal epithelium in 1690 consecutive antral biopsies obtained from children over a 2-year period in a tertiary pediatric care facility. Intestinal epithelium in gastric glands not associated with overlying villi was present in 22 (1.3%) biopsies. These came from 20 patients, 2–17 years of age, none of whom had clinical or histologic evidence of Helicobacter infection or significant chronic gastritis. Eight (40%) had an antral pancreatic rest, 8 had some other localized antral abnormality, and 4 were endoscopically normal. Four additional patients with a pancreatic rest had no intestinal epithelium. Six surgically resected rests and 2 rests found at autopsy were also reviewed. Heterotopic intestinal epithelium was present in 1 of the 2 postmortem specimens but was absent from all 6 surgically resected lesions. No intestinal epithelium was present in 67 antral biopsies with Helicobacter gastritis observed during this same period. Although the intestinal epithelium in these patients could be metaplastic, it more likely represents inadvertent sampling of the gastroduodenal junction induced by a lesion in the distal antrum or a focus of heterotopic epithelium and might best be addressed in the surgical pathology report by a comment to this effect. The distinction from metaplasia is more than semantic, because a diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia can have adverse clinical implications and should be made with caution in a child.
FUNGSI INTERMEDIASI DALAM EFISIENSI PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA: DERIVASI FUNGSI PROFIT

This paper analyze the bank efficiency in Indonesia by deriving the profit function. We apply the stocahstic frontier approach on monthly data during 2001:01 √ 2004:12, covering the 20 largest asset banks. We incorporate the function of the bank as an intermediary institution by including the intermediary stressing variable on the profit function. This is impotant to capture the possibility when the large profit is gathered from non-operational profit sources such as recap fund or SBI. The result of the study indicate that the average efficiency of the model with intermediary stressing is lower than without intermediary stressing. The 5 largest efficient bank without considering the intermediation stressing, in fact becomes the lowest efficient bank when the model include the intermediary stressing. The findings implies may have a great implication of the Indonesian central policy, when a higher support to real sector is preferred.
Wine Sector Development: A Conceptual Framework Toward Succession Effectiveness in Family Wineries

This article provides a conceptual platform of reflection upon abundant research work, which has been recorded over the past 30 years on the topic of executive succession in family firms. Secondary research through systematic literature review serves as a starting point. Many of various influential studies have looked at the key factors that are believed to foster succession effectiveness. Fourteen defined factors provide insight in this direction:incumbent characteristics and qualities; incumbent tenure; successor skills and attributes; successor training and development; successor origin; incumbent-successor expectations; succession ground rules; family dynamics; board of directors; organizational performance; organizational size; organizational age; transfer of capital; succession monitoring and reflective feedback. Our synthesizing effort proposes an encompassing conceptual framework that joins aforementioned factors together and gives prospects to succession effectiveness in a specific form of business organization—the family wineries. In addition, our article highlights gaps in the conceptual understanding and knowledge as well as areas of additional research. The theoretical limitations and practical implications of the framework are also discussed.
Slow molecular clocks in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.

Two longstanding issues on the molecular clock hypothesis are studied in this article. First, is there a global molecular clock in mammals? Although many authors have observed unequal rates of nucleotide substitution among mammalian lineages, some authors have proposed a global clock for all eutherians, i.e., a single global rate of 2.2 x 10(-9) substitutions per nucleotide site per year. We reexamine this issue using noncoding, nonrepetitive DNA from Old World monkeys (OWMs), chimpanzee, and human. First, using the minimal date of 6 MYA for the human-chimpanzee divergence and more than 2.5 million base pairs of genomic sequences from human and chimpanzee, we estimate a maximal rate of 0.99 x 10(-9) for noncoding, nonrepetitive genomic regions for these two species. This estimate is less than half of the proposed global rate and much smaller than the commonly used rate (3.5 x 10(-9)) for eutherians. Further, using a minimal date of 23 MYA for the human-OWM divergence, we estimate a maximal rate of 1.5 x 10(-9) for both introns and fourfold degenerate sites in humans and OWMs. In addition, with the New World monkey (NWM) lineage as an outgroup, we estimate that the rate of substitution in introns is 30% higher in the OWM lineage than in the human lineage. Clearly, there is no global molecular clock in eutherians. Second, although many studies have indicated considerable variation in the mutation rate among regions of the mammalian genome, a recent study proposed a uniform rate. Using new and existing intron sequence data from higher primates, we find significant rate variation among genomic regions and a positive correlation between the rate of substitution and the GC content, refuting the claim of a uniform rate.
CaMKII-dependent Phosphorylation Regulates SAP97/NR2A Interaction*

Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97), a member of membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein family, has been implicated in the processes of targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites. Here we show that SAP97 is enriched at the postsynaptic density where it co-localizes with both ionotropic glutamate receptors and downstream signaling proteins such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). SAP97 and αCaMKII display a high co-localization pattern in hippocampal neurons as well as in transfected COS-7 cells. Metabolic labeling of hippocampal cultures reveals that N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor activation induces CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of SAP97; co-incubation with the CaMKII-specific inhibitor KN-93 reduces SAP97 phosphorylation to basal levels. Our results show that SAP97 directly interacts with the NR2A subunit of NMDA receptor both in an in vitro “pull-out” assay and in co-immunoprecipitation experiments from homogenates and synaptosomes purified from hippocampal rat tissue. Interestingly, in the postsynaptic density fraction, SAP97 fails to co-precipitate with NR2A. We show here that SAP97 is directly associated with NR2A through its PDZ1 domain, and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of SAP97-Ser-232 disrupts NR2A interaction both in an in vitro pull-out assay and in transfected COS-7 cells. Moreover, expression of SAP97(S232D) mutant has effects similar to those observed upon constitutively activating CaMKII. Our findings suggest that SAP97/NR2A interaction is regulated by CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation and provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of synaptic targeting of NMDA receptor subunits.
Nation-state global city tensions in social policy: the case of Mexico City's rising social city-zenship

Comparative analyses of welfare systems have largely proceeded on the basis that coherent nation-states exist. This assumption was always problematic – as many theorists have acknowledged – but globalisation processes have added a further dimension to this debate, not least because of the increasing power of global cities that act as coordinating hubs for the global economy. Although residing in nation-states, these cities have a special status flowing from their central role in the global economy with often rather different economic, demographic and social contexts. While there is growing literature on global cities, what the rise of these cities means for social policy and for welfare states remains an underexplored issue. Here we outline some key issues the rise of global cities presents for welfare states before proceeding to illustrate both theoretical and practical issues we highlight through a case study of Mexico City.
Repositioning social work in mental health: challenges and opportunities for critical practice

This paper emerges in response to the recent initiative by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) to mandate the inclusion of specific, clinically based mental health curriculum into qualifying social work programs across Australia. Whilst the authors affirm the importance of an emphasis of mental health in social work education, we further suggest that the professional repositioning of social work in mental health must be informed by critical/postmodern theoretical approaches. If social work is to engender and maintain its unique and vital role in problematising simplistic, depoliticised and individualising constructions of mental health and illness, we need to promote more contextualised and holistic understandings of people’s experiences. The paper concludes by offering an example of critical mental health curriculum.
An insight into the genetic variation of Schistosoma japonicum in mainland China using DNA microsatellite markers

This study presents the first microsatellite investigation into the level of genetic variation among Schistosoma japonicum from different geographical origins. S. japonicum isolates were obtained from seven endemic provinces across mainland China: Zhejiang (Jiashan County), Anhui (Guichi County), Jiangxi (Yongxiu County), Hubei (Wuhan County), Hunan (Yueyang area), Sichuan 1 (Maoshan County), Sichuan 2 (Tianquan County), Yunnan (Dali County), and also one province in the Philippines (Sorsogon). DNA from 20 individuals from each origin were screened against 11 recently isolated and characterized S. japonicum microsatellites, and a set of nine loci were selected based on their polymorphic information content. High levels of polymorphism were obtained between and within population samples, with Chinese and Philippine strains appearing to follow different lineages, and with distinct branching between provinces. Moreover, across mainland China, genotype clustering appeared to be related to habitat type and/or intermediate host morph. These results highlight the suitability of microsatellites for population genetic studies of S. japonicum and suggest that there may be different strains of S. japonicum circulating in mainland China.
New Labour, Gender Mainstreaming and the Women and Equality Unit

New Labour's approach to gender mainstreaming is perhaps best exemplified through the work of the Women and Equality Unit (WEU). In this article we chart the development of the Unit and varied initiatives in which it has been involved and provide a preliminary assessment of the Unit's work. We start with a discussion of Labour's approach to mainstreaming. This provides a context for a profile of the work of the Women's Unit (WU) between 1997 and 2001 and its successor the WEU, between 2001 and 2002. We consider the work of the Units in relation to the government's reforms to the policy-making process, focusing upon location, issue territory and connectivity. Using these three criteria our appraisal of the work of the WEU draws attention to three issues: firstly, the institutional uncertainty surrounding the status of the Unit; secondly, the degree to which the remit of the Unit has been unlike that of other cross-cutting units in addressing a broad gender agenda rather than specific policy areas, but that this is now shifting with the increasing focus on economic issues; and thirdly, the extent to which the Unit is reliant on non-feminist actors within the decision-making elite to help pursue its aims. We will suggest that the Unit may have made a small, but significant, contribution to the development of gender mainstreaming processes. Its contribution has been greatest where gender equality policies coincide with government priorities. Its contribution to the process of mainstreaming gendered perspectives into all policy-making is much harder to discern.
Business Improvement Districts: Policy Origins, Mobile Policies and Urban Liveability

This article reviews the trans-nationalisation of Business Improvement Districts. It outlines the geographical and ideological origins of this much-heralded approach to downtown governance, and the means through which it has found itself in such diverse settings as Cape Town in South Africa, Krusevac in Serbia and Liverpool in the UK. Analysing the emergence of Business Improvement Districts in terms of the external edges of the state and its internal architecture, on the one hand, and, on the other, in the context of discussions around urban liveability, this article reviews work across geography, planning, political science and sociology. It concludes by arguing that Business Improvement Districts are both interesting in their own right, for what they reveal about contemporary trans-national trends in urban governance, and for what they what they have to say about wider processes of neoliberal urbanisation.
Disabled Workers and Wage Losses: Some Evidence from Workers with Occupational Injuries

Using data from the Survey of Ontario Workers with Permanent Impairments (1989–90), the authors examine the effects of work-related disabilities on the wage losses of disabled male workers. One important focus of the analysis is whether the size of disabled workers' wage losses was affected by whether they remained at or left the job where the accident occurred. The authors also estimate the longer-term persistence of wage shocks for disabled workers. The estimates suggest that wage losses were larger for disabled workers who did not return to work with their time-of-accident employer than for those who did return, with the latter earning 27% more. Furthermore, wages appear to have been more persistent for workers who did not return to their accident employer than for those who did return.
Is investing in innovation an effective strategy in times of crisis? Some evidence from Poland

Abstract The current financial crisis sparked debate about the ability of companies to resist negative effects of the global recession. This debate continued among investors, policymakers and entrepreneurs who could not reach unanimous conclusions whether innovations protected companies from the adverse effects of the global recession. Furthermore, policymakers argued whether or not innovative industries should be supported by serious restructuring and government help. Equity investors began to tailor their trading strategies to the crisis-induced conditions by targeting companies of certain properties – especially those representing innovative industries. Given the above, we analyze the role of innovations in shielding companies from the global financial crisis. We investigate whether equity investments targeting innovative companies were an effective strategy during the global financial crisis. Using public financial data for Polish companies, along with a series of interviews with stock market practitioners, we find that innovative business strategies proved more profitable than strategies that pivoted about the introduction of novel products. To this end, we argue that investments in equities issued by innovative companies remains profitable and shield investors from experiencing significant losses.
Predictors of hearing loss in New York farmers.

BACKGROUND Data from the telephone interview portion of the New York Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance were used to study self-reported hearing loss in New York farmers. METHODS One thousand six hundred and twenty-two persons completed the hearing loss and noise exposure interview. Hearing loss was defined as at least some trouble hearing in one or both ears. Predictors of hearing loss were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS Twenty-two percent of participants reported hearing loss. From the logistic regression, significant confounders are age (P = 0.0001), gender (P = 0.0001), being from a livestock farm (P = 0.012), and loss of consciousness due to head trauma (P = 0.04). Significant noise exposures are more hours of lifetime exposure to noisy farm equipment (P = 0.001) and having had a noisy non-farm job (with some hearing protection P = 0.002, without any hearing protection P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Farm noise exposure is a serious risk to the hearing of this population. Although use of hearing protection should be encouraged, replacing and modifying farm equipment to decrease noise at the source should be the first priority.