Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of transforming growth factor beta1, transforming growth factor type I and II receptors, and TNF-alpha in the mucosa of the small intestine in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.

BACKGROUND TNF-alpha secreted by activated T cells is known to increase intestinal permeability, whereas transforming growth factor (TGF) beta has the ability to protect the epithelial barrier. OBJECTIVE We determined the expression of TGF-beta1, its receptors, and TNF-alpha on the mucosa of small intestine to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). METHODS Twenty-eight infants diagnosed with FPIES by means of clinical criteria and challenge test results were included. Immunohistochemical stains for TGF-beta1, type 1 and 2 TGF-beta receptors, and TNF-alpha on duodenal biopsy specimens were performed. RESULTS TGF-beta1 expression was generally depressed in patients. Expression of type 1 TGF-beta receptor was significantly lower in the patients who had villous atrophy compared with expression in those patients who did not (P <.001) and negatively correlated with the severity of atrophy (r = -0.59, P <.001). Expression of type 2 TGF-beta receptor showed no significant difference between the patients with or without villous atrophy. The immunoreactivity for both TGF-beta receptors on lamina proprial cells was slight or negative. TNF-alpha expression was detected on both epithelial and lamina proprial cells and was significantly greater in the patients who had villous atrophy compared with that in the patients who did not (P <.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decreased countering activity of TGF-beta1 against T-cell cytokines is implicated in the pathogenesis of FPIES. The significantly lower expression of type 1 TGF-beta receptor compared with type 2 receptor suggests the differential contribution of each receptor to the diverse biologic activities of TGF-beta in the intestinal epithelium.
Nutritional status induces divergent variations of GLUT4 protein content, but not lipoprotein lipase activity, between adipose tissues and muscles in adult cattle

Metabolic adaptations to variations in food supply are incompletely understood in ruminant animal adipose tissue (AT) and muscle. To explore this, we studied lipid metabolism and glucose transport potential in one internal and one external AT, as well as in one oxidative and one glycolytic muscle from control, 7 d underfed and 21 d refed adult cows. Refeeding increased (+79 to +307 %) the activities of enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in perirenal and subcutaneous AT; underfeeding did not modify these variables. Underfeeding decreased the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in perirenal AT (−70 %) and cardiac muscle (−67 %), but did not modify the activities in subcutaneous AT and longissimus thoracis. Refeeding increased LPL activities in all tissues (+40 to +553 %) to levels comparable with (cardiac muscle) or greater than (AT, longissimus thoracis) those observed in control cows. Such variations in perirenal and cardiac muscle LPL activities did not result from variations in LPL mRNA levels, but suggest a post-transcriptional regulation of LPL in these nutritional conditions. Underfeeding did not modify GLUT4 contents in perirenal AT and muscles, while refeeding increased it only in perirenal AT (+250 %). Our present results contrast with previous results in rats, where LPL is regulated in opposite directions in AT and muscles, and GLUT4 is generally increased by fasting and decreased by refeeding in skeletal muscles. The present results highlight the bovine specificity of the response, which probably arises in part from peculiarities of ruminant animals for nutrient digestion and absorption.
The Different Inhibition of Return (IOR) Effects of Emergency Managerial Experts and Novices: An Event-Related Potentials Study

Inhibition of return (IOR) is an important effect of attention. However, the IOR of emergency managerial experts is unknown. By employing emergency and natural scene pictures in expert-novice paradigm, the present study explored the neural activity underlying the IOR effects for emergency managerial experts and novices. In behavioral results, there were no differences of IOR effects between novices and emergency managerial experts, while the event-related potentials (ERPs) results were different between novices and experts. In Experiment 1 (novice group), ERPs results showed no any IOR was robust at both stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) of 200 ms and 400 ms. In Experiment 2 (expert group), ERPs results showed an enhanced N2 at SOA of 200 ms and attenuated P3 at cued location in the right parietal lobe and adjacent brain regions than uncued location at SOA of 200 ms. The findings of the two experiments showed that, relative to the novices, IOR for the emergency managerial experts was robust, and dominated in the right parietal lobe and adjacent brain regions, suggesting more flexible attentional processing and higher visual search efficiency of the emergency managerial experts. The findings indicate that the P3, possible N2, over the right parietal lobe and adjacent brain regions are the biological indicators for IOR elicited by post-cued emergency pictures for emergency managerial experts.
A Method to Detect Structural Damage Using High-Frequency Seismograms

There has been recent interest in using acoustic techniques to detect damage in instrumented civil structures. An automated damage detection method that analyzes recorded data has application to building types that are susceptible to a signature type of failure, where locations of potential structural damage are known a priori. In particular, this method has application to the detection of brittle fractures in welded beam-column connections in steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs). Such a method would be valuable if it could be used to detect types of damage that are otherwise difficult and costly to identify. The method makes use of a prerecorded catalog of Green's function templates and a matched filter method to detect the occurrence and location of structural damage in an instrumented building. This technique is different from existing acoustic methods because it is designed to recognize and use seismic waves radiated by the original brittle failure event where the event is not known to have occurred with certainty and the resulting damage may not be visible. The method is outlined as follows. First, identify probable locations of failure in an undamaged building. In pre-Northridge steel MRFs, which are susceptible to brittle failure of welded beam-column connections, those connections would be the locations of probable failure for this type of building. Second, obtain a Green's function template for each identified location of probable failure by applying a short-duration high-frequency pulse (e.g. using a force transducer hammer) at that location. One underlying assumption of this method is that the Green's function template specific to a potential location of failure can be used to approximate the dynamic response of the structure to structural damage at that location. Lastly, after a seismic event, systematically screen the recorded high-frequency seismograms for the presence of waveform similarities to each of the catalogued Green's function templates in order to detect structural damage. This is achieved by performing a running cross-correlation between each Green's function template and a moving window of the continuous data recorded during the earthquake. Damage that occurs at one of the catalogued potential locations is expected to result in a high cross-correlation value when using the correct Green's function template. This method, also known as the matched filter method, has seen recent success in other fields, but has yet to be explored in the context of acoustic damage detection in civil structures. Preliminary experimental results from tap tests performed on a small-scale laboratory frame are presented. Cross-correlation calculations highlight similarities among events generated at the same source location and expose differences among events generated at different source locations. Finally, a blind tap test is performed to test whether cross-correlation techniques and catalogued Green's function templates can be used to identify the occurrence of and pinpoint the location of an assumed-unknown event.
Risk of anaemia in HIV positive pregnant women in Ibadan, south west Nigeria.

UNLABELLED Anaemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. It is a recognized co-morbidity of HIV infection. This study aimed to determine the risk of anaemia in HIV positive pregnant women. METHODOLOGY This is a cross sectional study of healthy pregnant women attending Adeoyo Hospital, a secondary health centre in South-western Nigeria over a 1-month period (January 2007). During the study period, 2737 eligible women presented for antenatal care. About 98% (2682) of these women consented to HIV testing. Over all, their mean (+ S.D) packed cell volume was 30.96% (+/- 4.13). The prevalence of HIV infection was 2.9% (95% CI 2.3% - 3.6%) and the overall prevalence of anaemia was 33.1%. Frequency of anaemia was significantly higher in HIV +ve women (57.3% vs. 42.7%, p = 0.00. OR = 2.81., CI = 1.72-4.58). HIV +ve women presented more frequently with moderate or severe anaemia. In the logistic regression analysis only HIV infection (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.37-4.21) and primigravidity (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-15.2) remained independently associated with anemia. Anaemia is common in HIV positive pregnant women in this environment. Care providers must endeavor to determine the HIV status of every pregnant woman especially if she presents with anaemia with a view to providing appropriate interventions.
Development of Bio-based Phenol Formaldehyde Resol Resins Using Mountain Pine Beetle Infested Lodgepole Pine Barks

Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resol resins have long been used widely as wood adhesives due to their excellent bonding performance, water resistance and durability. With the growing concern for fossil fuel depletion and climate change, there is a strong interest in exploring renewable biomass materials as substitutes for petroleum-based feedstock. Bark, rich in phenolic compounds, has demonstrated potential to partially substitute phenol in synthesizing bio-based PF resins. In this study, acid-catalyzed phenol liquefaction and alkaline extraction were used to convert mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) infested lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) barks to phenol substitutes, liquefied bark and bark extractives. Two types of bio-based phenol formaldehyde (PF) resol resins, namely liquefied bark-PF resin and bark extractive-PF resins, were then synthesized and characterized. It was found that acid-catalyzed phenol liquefaction and alkaline extraction were effective conversion methods to obtain phenol substitute with the maximum yield of 85% and 68%, respectively. The bio-based PF resol resins had higher molecular weights, higher
Progression-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in glioblastoma: a literature-based meta-analysis from 91 trials

Background The aim of this study was to determine correlations between progression-free survival (PFS) and the objective response rate (ORR) with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma and to evaluate their potential use as surrogates for OS. Method Published glioblastoma trials reporting OS and ORR and/or PFS with sufficient detail were included in correlative analyses using weighted linear regression. Results Of 274 published unique glioblastoma trials, 91 were included. PFS and OS hazard ratios were strongly correlated; R2 = 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.99). Linear regression determined that a 10% PFS risk reduction would yield an 8.1% ± 0.8% OS risk reduction. R2 between median PFS and median OS was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.59–0.79), with a higher value in trials using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO; R2 = 0.96, n = 8) versus Macdonald criteria (R2 = 0.70; n = 83). No significant differences were demonstrated between temozolomide- and bevacizumab-containing regimens (P = .10) or between trials using RANO and Macdonald criteria (P = .49). The regression line slope between median PFS and OS was significantly higher in newly diagnosed versus recurrent disease (0.58 vs 0.35, P = .04). R2 for 6-month PFS with 1-year OS and median OS were 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37–0.77) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42–0.77), respectively. Objective response rate and OS were poorly correlated (R2 = 0.22). Conclusion In glioblastoma, PFS and OS are strongly correlated, indicating that PFS may be an appropriate surrogate for OS. Compared with OS, PFS offers earlier assessment and higher statistical power at the time of analysis.
What Can Hypertext Re-Reading Tell Us about the Design of Adaptive (Metacognitive) Help Functions?

A well-documented finding in the help-seeking literature is that especially those learners who need it the most do not seek help (appropriately). In this exploratory study, we investigated re-reading as a unique window into elementary help-seeking processes. Students had to learn the content of multiple hypertext pages of different complexity for a subsequent knowledge test. After this learning phase we randomly assigned learners to two experimental groups: The memory control group (MG, n = 14) directly answered the knowledge test and the experimental help-seeking group (HSG, n = 15) had the option to re-read the hypertext pages before answering. Results show that HSG students outperformed MG students and that HSG students strongly adapted the extent and frequency of their re-reading to task complexity and the complexity of the hypertext pages. However, more re-reading or more adaptivity did not automatically enhance performance on the knowledge test. The implications of these findings for the design of adaptive (metacognitive) help functions in computer-based learning environments will be discussed.
Correlation of blood metabolite concentrations and body condition scores with persistent postpartum uterine bacterial infection in dairy cows

To analyze the relationship of blood metabolite concentrations and body condition score (BCS) with persistent bacterial uterine infection, specifically that caused by Trueperella pyogenes and anaerobic bacteria, uterine bacteriological swabs (n = 128) were collected from 64 Holstein cows at 5 (W5) and 7 (W7) weeks postpartum, and the percentage of neutrophils in the endometrium was evaluated. Blood glucose, total cholesterol (T-cho), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were analyzed at 3 weeks (W-3) and 1 week (W-1) prepartum and W3, W5, and W7 postpartum. BCS were evaluated at W-3, W3, and W7. Blood glucose concentrations at W-3 and W-1 in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P = 0.05) than in the rest of the cows. Total BUN concentrations in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P < 0.01) than those in other cows, although the association between the pre or postpartum time and status of infection was not significant. Total NEFA concentrations in cows with persistent bacterial infection were similar to those in uninfected cows and cows positive for infection at W5 but not W7. Total BCS in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P < 0.01) than those in cows positive for infection at both W5 but not W7 and W7 but not W5; however, the association between the pre or postpartum time and status of infection was not significant. Glucose concentrations at W-3 and W-1 negatively correlated with persistent bacterial infection at W5 and W7 (P < 0.01). BUN concentrations at W3 (P < 0.01), W5 (P < 0.05), and W7 (P < 0.05) and BCS at W3 (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with persistent postpartum bacterial infection. Decreased prepartum blood glucose concentrations might be an important risk factor for persistent postpartum bacterial uterine infection in dairy cows.
Evaluation of Empirical and Semianalytical Spectral Reflectance Models for Surface Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Highly Variable Estuarine and Coastal Waters of East China

Development and validation of the surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) models derived from the surface remote-sensing reflectance spectra [Rrs(λ)] are important in satellite monitoring of estuarine and coastal waters. Seven empirical and seven semianalytical spectral reflectance models for evaluation of the surface SSC were compared with one another and with laboratory tank (one dataset) and in situ measurements (two datasets) performed in different natural waters of East China. All models were presented in the form of Rrs spectral ratios, in which wavelengths were selected from the list of NASA's satellite sensor, MODIS unsaturated central wavelengths. A statistical analysis has been performed to find the best models and spectral ratios for remote-sensing monitoring purposes. Analysis has shown that empirical models are generally superior to the semianalytical models for solution existence, prediction accuracy, and correlation with the observed SSC values. However, all semianalytical models using the red to green spectral ratio have demonstrated approximately the same accuracy and correlation as empirical models, what provides an additional support for using more simple easily calculated empirical models. Additionally, relationships between SSC and inherent optical properties (IOPs) (absorption and backscattering coefficients) and between IOPs and Rrs(λ) provided by the semianalytical models have their own benefits for aquatic optics and remote sensing purposes.
Arabidopsis SET DOMAIN GROUP2 Is Required for H3K4 Trimethylation and Is Crucial for Both Sporophyte and Gametophyte Development[C][W]

This study establishes that SDG2 is a major factor for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation in Arabidopsis and shows that loss of SDG2 causes wide-ranging defects in both sporophyte and gametophyte development. Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is abundant in euchromatin and is in general associated with transcriptional activation in eukaryotes. Although some Arabidopsis thaliana SET DOMAIN GROUP (SDG) genes have been previously shown to be involved in H3K4 methylation, they are unlikely to be responsible for global genome-wide deposition of H3K4me3. Most strikingly, sparse knowledge is currently available about the role of histone methylation in gametophyte development. In this study, we show that the previously uncharacterized SDG2 is required for global H3K4me3 deposition and its loss of function causes wide-ranging defects in both sporophyte and gametophyte development. Transcriptome analyses of young flower buds have identified 452 genes downregulated by more than twofold in the sdg2-1 mutant; among them, 11 genes, including SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ) and MALE STERILITY1 (MS1), have been previously shown to be essential for male and/or female gametophyte development. We show that both SPL/NZZ and MS1 contain bivalent chromatin domains enriched simultaneously with the transcriptionally active mark H3K4me3 and the transcriptionally repressive mark H3K27me3 and that SDG2 is specifically required for the H3K4me3 deposition. Our data suggest that SDG2-mediated H3K4me3 deposition poises SPL/NZZ and MS1 for transcriptional activation, forming a key regulatory mechanism in the gene networks responsible for gametophyte development.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Gene Polymorphism Impacts on Migraine Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis of Case–Control Studies

Inconclusive results have been reported in studies investigating the association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 polymorphism and migraine. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the published data in order to quantitatively estimate the relationship between rs6265 and migraine susceptibility. A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane databases up to October 2016. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association with rs6265 under an additive, dominant, or recessive model of inheritance. A total of five studies including 1,442 cases and 1,880 controls were identified for the meta-analysis. The pooled data showed an increased risk of migraine for the allelic (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34, p = 0.014) or the dominant model of rs6265 (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05–1.41, p = 0.011). Statistical significance of rs6265 was lost when one single study was excluded from the analysis (dominant OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.00–1.38, p = 0.054; allelic OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.99–1.31, p = 0.067), suggesting lack of robustness of pooled estimates. When stratified by migraine type, a similar trend of association was detected with both MA and MO, but a statistically significant association of rs6265 was reached only with the MA subtype in the dominant model (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00–1.47, p = 0.047). The present meta-analysis supports that BDNF rs6265 may act as a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine. Nevertheless, large-scale studies are required to confirm our findings and to assess potential modifiers of the relationship between rs6265 and migraine.
Morphology of single ganglion cells in the glaucomatous primate retina.

PURPOSE To examine the degenerative effects that prolonged elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor commonly associated with glaucoma, has on the morphology of single ganglion cells in the primate retina. METHODS The monkey model of glaucoma was combined with intracellular staining techniques using an isolated retina preparation. Midget and parasol cells from normal and glaucomatous eyes were labeled intracellularly, and their axons, somas, and dendritic fields were compared using confocal microscopy. RESULTS In midget and parasol cells, the earliest signs of pressure-induced degeneration involved structural abnormalities associated with the dendritic arbor. Reductions in axon thickness appeared later, with changes in soma size occurring concomitantly or slightly later. Chronic elevation of IOP resulted in a significant decrease in the mean soma sizes of midget and parasol cells, but only parasol cells showed a significant reduction in dendritic field size and axon diameter. Comparisons of eyes with different levels of optic nerve damage, based on cup- disc ratio, showed that the axons and dendritic fields of parasol cells were significantly smaller at lower cup-disc ratios than were those of midget cells, suggesting a possible differential effect. CONCLUSIONS In glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells undergo a pattern of degeneration that originates with the dendritic arbor and ends with shrinkage of the cell soma. Although this pattern of degeneration implies early functional deficits and retinal ganglion cell atrophy that occurs earlier than previously thought, based on ganglion cell loss alone, it also suggests a window of opportunity for effective neuroprotection.