Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tobacco MAP Kinase: A Possible Mediator in Wound Signal Transduction Pathways

A complementary DNA encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homolog has been isolated from tobacco plants. Transcripts of the corresponding gene were not observed in healthy tobacco leaves but began to accumulate 1 minute after mechanical wounding. In tobacco plants transformed with the cloned complementary DNA, trans inactivation of the endogenous homologous gene occurred, and both production of wound-induced jasmonic acid and accumulation of wound-inducible gene transcripts were inhibited. In contrast, the levels of salicylic acid and transcripts for pathogen-inducible, acidic pathogenesis-related proteins were increased upon wounding. These results indicate that this MAP kinase is part of the initial response of higher plants to mechanical wounding.
A Novel Application of the File Drawer Formula: Rejected Study Bias in Meta-Analysis

The file drawer formula in meta-analysis estimates the number of null difference effect sizes (ESs) from unpublished studies in researcher file drawers that are necessary to reduce the mean ES to a magnitude no longer considered practical or meaningful. Unlike the file drawer concept, this paper proposes a novel use of Orwin's 1983 formula that produces an estimate of the potential bias in the mean ES due to missing ESs from studies that were located and retrieved, but rejected because of insufficient data for ES calculation.
Opponent processes in classical conditioning: The jury is still out

of the original articles Converging data from different disciplines are showing the role of classical conditioning processes in the elaboration of human and animal behavior to be larger than previously supposed. Restricted views of classically conditioned responses as merely secretory, reflexive, or emotional are giving way to a broader conception that includes problem-solving, and other rule-governed behavior thought to be the exclusive province of either operant conditioning or cognitive psychology. These new views have been accompanied by changes in the way conditioning is conducted and evaluated. Data from a number of seemingly unrelated phenomena such as relapse to drug abuse by postaddicts, the placebo effect, and the immune response appear to involve classical conditioning processes. Classical conditioning, moreover, has been found to occur in simpler and simpler organisms and recently even demonstrated in brain slices and in utero. This target article will integrate the several research areas that have used the classical conditioning process as an explanatory model; it will challenge teleological interpretations of the classically conditioned CR and offer some basic principles for testing conditioning in diverse areas. Opponent processes in classical conditioning: The jury is still out
Confusion of tongues between adults and the child

A propos du fameux article de Sandor Ferenczi: «Confusion des langues entre les adultes et l'enfant» paru en 1933 dans l'Internationale Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse ― et primitivement intitule: «Les passions des adultes et leur influence sur le developpement sexuel et caracteriel des enfants»
RAPD of controlled crosses and clones from the field suggests that hybrids are rare in the Salix alba–Salix fragilis complex

The polyploid Salix alba–Salix fragilis hybrid complex is rather difficult to study when using only morphological characters. Most of the features have a low diagnostic value for unambiguously identifying the hybrids, introgression patterns and population structures, though morphological traits have proved to be useful in making a hybrid index. Morphology and molecular variation from RAPDs were investigated in several case studies on willows from Belgium. A thorough screening of full-sib progenies of interspecific controlled crosses was made to select homologous amplification products. The selected amplified products proved to be useful in a principal coordinate analysis for the estimation of variability of hybrid progenies. On the basis of genetic similarities and ordination analysis, a method for the identification of clones in the field was established using presumed pure species and presumed introgressants. The chosen reference clones were checked against additional European samples of putative pure species to ensure the reliability of the method beyond a regional scale. The RAPDs suggested that both species have kept their gene pools well separated and that hybridization actually does not seem to be a dominating process. The observation that molecular markers do not always follow the morphological traits or allozyme data is discussed.
A novel fluid-solid coupling framework integrating FLIP and shape matching methods

Physically-based fluid animation and solid deformation driven by numerical simulation have manifested their significance for many graphics applications during the past two decades. For example, the fluid implicit particle (FLIP) method and shape matching technique based on position based dynamics (PBD) have demonstrated their unique graphics strength in fluid and solid animation, respectively. We propose a novel integrated approach supporting the seamless unification of FLIP and shape matching. We devise new algorithms to tackle existing difficulties when handling new phenomena such as high-fidelity fluid-solid interaction and solid melting. The key innovation of this paper is a unified Lagrangian framework that seamlessly blends FLIP and PBD based shape matching constraint towards the natural yet strong coupling between fluid and deformable solid. Within our integrated framework, it enables many complicated fluid-solid phenomena with ease. We conduct various kinds of experiments. All the results demonstrate the advantages of our unified hybrid approach towards visual fidelity, efficiency, stability, and versatility.
Photoencapsulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Periosteal Progenitor Cells Improve Tendon Graft Healing in a Bone Tunnel

Background Tissue-engineered solutions for promoting the tendon graft incorporation within the bone tunnel appear to be promising. Hypothesis To determine the feasibility that conjugation of hyaluronic acid-tethered bone morphogenetic protein-2 can be used to stimulate periosteal progenitor cells direct fibrocartilagenous attachment and new bone formation in an extra-articular tendon-bone healing model. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A total of 42 mature New Zealand White rabbits were used. The long digitorum extensor tendon was transplanted into a bone tunnel of the proximal tibia. The tendon was pulled through a drill hole in the proximal tibia and attached to the medial aspect of the tibia. Photopolymerizable hydrogel based on poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate with hyaluronic acid-tethered bone morphogenetic protein-2 was injected and photogelated in a bone tunnel. Histological and biomechanical examination of the tendon-bone interface was evaluated at postoperative weeks 3 and 6. Results Histological analysis showed an interface fibrocartilage and new bone formed by photoencapsulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and periosteal progenitor cells at 6 weeks. Biomechanical testing revealed higher maximum pullout strength and stiffness in experimental groups with a statistically significant difference at 3 and 6 weeks after tendon transplantation. Conclusion The healing tendon-bone interface undergoes a gradual remodeling process; it appears that photoencapsulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and periosteal progenitor cells possesses a powerful inductive ability between the tendon and the bone to incorporate the healing in a rabbit model. Clinical Relevance Novel technologies, such as those described in this study, including photopolymerization and tissue engineering, may provide minimally invasive therapeutic procedures via arthroscopy to enhance biological healing after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Challenging prime time television

Television (TV) has always been the focus of continuous debate around its shifting social practices, involving and challenging all established main agents, from content producers to brands, corporations, regulators and audiences (Boddy, 2002; Uricchio, 2002). At the same time, the remediations of TV are at the core of broader discussions on media change, particularly since the popularization of media consumption through the Internet. TV retains a position of centrality for understanding what it means to live in a connected environment. This article contributes to this debate through the analysis of the co-viewing practices within the specific context of Brazil’s most popular cultural product, the telenovela. After an overview of the key themes and scope of the research, we will situate the practices of co-viewing in the context of some of the key issues regarding connected viewing. We will deal with the particularities of the Brazilian telenovela as a cultural product and finally we will outline our empirical research on co-viewing practices in unofficial Facebook groups surrounding the controversial prime time telenovela ‘Babilônia’.
Actions of sex steroids on kisspeptin expression and other reproduction-related genes in the brain of the teleost fish European sea bass

ABSTRACT Kisspeptins are well known as mediators of the coordinated communication between the brain–pituitary axis and the gonads in many vertebrates. To test the hypothesis that gonadal steroids regulate kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA expression in European sea bass (a teleost fish), we examined the brains of gonad-intact (control) and castrated animals, as well as castrated males (GDX) and ovariectomized females (OVX) that received testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) replacement, respectively, during recrudescence. In GDX males, low expression of kiss1 mRNA is observed by in situ hybridization in the caudal hypothalamus (CH) and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), although hypothalamic changes in kiss1 mRNA levels were not statistically different among the groups, as revealed by real-time PCR. However, T strongly decreased kiss2 expression levels in the hypothalamus, which was documented in the MBH and the nucleus of the lateral recess (NRLd) in GDX T-treated sea bass males. Conversely, it appears that E2 evokes low kiss1 mRNA in the CH, while there were cells expressing kiss2 in the MBH and NRLd in these OVX females. These results demonstrate that kisspeptin neurons are presumably sensitive to the feedback actions of sex steroids in the sea bass, suggesting that the MBH represents a major site for sex steroid actions on kisspeptins in this species. Also, recent data provide evidence that both positive and negative actions occur in key factors involved in sea bass reproductive function, including changes in the expression of gnrh-1/gonadotropin, cyp19b, er and ar genes and sex steroid and gonadotropin plasma levels in this teleost fish. Summary: Kisspeptins are attributed to be key factors in mediating gonadal steroid feedback in mammalian hypothalamus and in the teleost fish sea bass, suggesting that this property is conserved across vertebrates.
Monetary Matched Incentives to Encourage the Purchase of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Farmers Markets in Underserved Communities

Introduction Farmers market programs may increase access to more healthful foods and reduce the high prevalence of obesity in low-income communities. The objective of this study was to examine outcomes of the Fresh Fund farmers market program serving low-income neighborhoods in San Diego, California. Methods Through its Farmers Market Fresh Fund Incentive Program, the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency offered monetary incentives to government nutrition assistance recipients to purchase fresh produce at 5 farmers markets. Participants enrolled at participating markets from June 1, 2010, through December 31, 2011; they completed baseline and follow-up surveys of daily consumption and weekly spending on fruits and vegetables. We examined enrollment, participation, participant health perceptions, and vendor revenue. Results During the study period, 7,298 eligible participants enrolled in Fresh Fund; most (82%) had previously never been to a farmers market. Among 252 participants with matched surveys at baseline and 12-month follow-up, the proportion who reported their diet to be “healthy” or “very healthy” increased from 4% to 63% (P < .001); nearly all (93%) stated that Fresh Fund was “important” or “very important” in their decision to shop at the farmers market. Vendors reported that 48% of all market revenue they received was received through the Fresh Fund program. At 2 markets, revenue from June 1, 2011, through January 31, 2012, increased by 74% and 68% compared with revenue from June 1, 2010, through January 31, 2011. Conclusion Participants in the Fresh Fund program self-reported increases in daily consumption and weekly spending on fruits and vegetables, and vendors at participating farmers markets also increased their revenue.
Effect of Insulin and Losartan on Modulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor at Heart Level in Diabetic Rats

This study investigates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) modulation in hearts of streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated with insulin/angiotensin-II receptor subtype-1 blocker (AR1B), losartan. Male rats were di- vided into: normal (N), losartan-treated normal (NL), diabetic (D), insulin-treated diabetic (DI), losartan-treated diabetic (DL), and insulin/losartan co-treated diabetic (DIL) groups. Thirty days post-treatment, rats underwent heart perfusion us- ing (I 125 )-labeled IGF-1 to assess receptor-binding affinity on coronary endothelial cells (CE) and cardiomyocytes (CM). This revealed an increase in binding affinity of IGF-1 to its receptor on CE in all groups compared to N. On CM, binding affinity increased in D, DI, and DL compared to N, but was almost normalized in DIL. Western blot analyses and immu- nohistochemistry done on heart tissues showed decrease in IGF-1R density in DIL versus remaining groups. These results demonstrate a complex interaction between insulin, angiotensin-II, and IGF-1, and mass blockade of myocardial remodel- ing by AR1B treatment in diabetic state.
Expressing and Verifying Temporal and Structural Properties of Mobile Agents

Logics for expressing properties of Petri hypernets, a visual formalism for modelling mobile agents, are proposed. Two classes of properties are of interest - the temporal evolution of agents and their structural correlation. In particular, we investigate how the classes can be combined into a logic capable of expressing the dynamic evolution of the structural correlation. The problemof model checking properties of a class of the logic on Petri hypernets is shown to be PSPACE-complete.
Metabolic cycling without cell division cycling in respiring yeast

Despite rapid progress in characterizing the yeast metabolic cycle, its connection to the cell division cycle (CDC) has remained unclear. We discovered that a prototrophic batch culture of budding yeast, growing in a phosphate-limited ethanol medium, synchronizes spontaneously and goes through multiple metabolic cycles, whereas the fraction of cells in the G1/G0 phase of the CDC increases monotonically from 90 to 99%. This demonstrates that metabolic cycling does not require cell division cycling and that metabolic synchrony does not require carbon-source limitation. More than 3,000 genes, including most genes annotated to the CDC, were expressed periodically in our batch culture, albeit a mere 10% of the cells divided asynchronously; only a smaller subset of CDC genes correlated with cell division. These results suggest that the yeast metabolic cycle reflects a growth cycle during G1/G0 and explains our previous puzzling observation that genes annotated to the CDC increase in expression at slow growth.
HAND GRIP STRENGTH IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS AND NON-DIABETICS

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing in developing countries, many complications have been reported, and hand getting affected is one of them. There is decremental effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on skeletal muscles. The aim of the present study was to assess the hand grip strength and compare it with age and sex matched apparently healthy non-diabetic subjects. Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study carried out in the Outpatient Department of Civil Hospital, Amritsar, India. The study included 100 clinically diagnosed diabetics (50 males, 50 females) of more than 50 years of age having T2DM for at least ten years and 100 age and sex matched apparently healthy non-diabetic controls. Hand Grip Strength (HGS) of all subjects in dominant hand was measured using Jamar Handheld Dynamometer. The independent t-test was used to analyse the difference in HGS between diabetic and the non-diabetic subjects. Results: There were significant differences in mean HGS between both male and female diabetics and non-diabetics (p<0.001). There was significant difference in HGS of male and female subjects (diabetics and controls, p<0.001). Conclusion: Long-standing T2DM seems to result in a decrease in HGS. This physical limitation may contribute to low productivity in people with T2DM.
Cervical intraepithelial lesions in females attending Women's Health Clinics in Alexandria, Egypt

Background: Data from Egyptian studies provide widely varying estimates on the prevalence of preinvasive cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Egyptian women living in Alexandria to clarify the need for implementing a national organized screening program and a vaccination program in our community. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a 6 years period and covered the different socioeconomic levels to have a representative sample for women living in Alexandria. All women included did not have any cervical disorder related complaints. Conventional Pap smears were obtained and diagnosed using the Bethesda system. Women with abnormal Pap smears were managed according to the 2006 consensus guidelines within the available facilities. Persistent abnormal cytological results were referred for colposcopic biopsy. Histological results were grouped into: Reactive changes, CIN 1, CIN 2/CIN 3 and adenocarcinoma in-situ (AIS). Results: Out of the 6173 smears included in the study 6072 (98.36%) were normal and only 101 (1.63%) were abnormal. After colposcopic biopsies, 0.08% had CIN 1, 0.03% had CIN 2, 3 and 0.01% had AIS. Conclusion: We concluded that cervical cancer screening programs, although life-saving for a number of women, are not a sufficiently high priority in our community. Money for national health screening programs should preferably be directed more towards recruiting women for breast cancer screening, since breast cancer accounts for about 33% of all female cancers in Egypt ranking number one, while cervical cancer ranks number 13.
Clinical significance of Girdin expression detected by immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer

Girdin protein has been implicated in cell migration and proliferation control. Previous evidence has confirmed that Girdin is a pivotal protein during cancer progression. To date, no evidence has been identified for the clinical significance of Girdin expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of Girdin protein in NSCLC. In total, 36 tumor samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for NSCLC at The 309th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (Beijing, China). The protein expression of Girdin was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis and the levels of Girdin protein were significantly higher in tumor samples than in distal normal lung tissue. A significant correlation was identified between Girdin overexpression and blood vessel infiltration of the tumor (P=0.013). Furthermore, analysis found that the Girdin-high phenotype was not associated with higher Ki-67 score. Girdin protein was frequently overexpressed in NSCLC and expression of Girdin was associated with blood vessel infiltration. The results of the present study suggest that Girdin should be considered as a potential marker for the prognosis of NSCLC; however, future studies are required to confirm theses results.
ATTENTION, AWARENESS, AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

The Noticing Hypothesis—an hypothesis that input does not become intake for language learning unless it is noticed, that is, consciously registered (Schmidt, 1990, 2001)—has been around now for about two decades and continues to generate experimental studies, suggestions for L2 pedagogy, conference papers and controversy. To many people, the idea that SLA is largely driven by what learners pay attention to and become aware of in target language input seems the essence of common sense. In the simplest terms, people learn about the things that they pay attention to and do not learn much about the things they do not attend to. Others consider the hypothesis to be undesirably vague, lacking in empirical support, or incompatible with well-grounded theories. In this talk I will review the evidence for the hypothesis, as well the major objections that have been raised against it, paying particular attention to learner characteristics such as motivation, aptitude, and language learning history that affect what learners notice and become aware of when processing L2 input.
Clinical Investigation : Metastases Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Metastatic Potential of Melanoma Xenografts

We used C-10 and D-12 xenografted tumors to investigate the potential of gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to provide biomarkers for hypoxia-associated metastatic dissemination. Tumors with a low volume transfer constant and fractional distribution volume of gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid had significantly elevated metastatic propensity. Our study indicates that dynamic contrastenhanced magnetic resonance imaging may provide biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment and suggests criteria for identifying highly metastatic primary tumors.
Cyclophosphamide and urinary bladder toxicity.

Summary Single doses of cyclophosphamide can regularly induce bladder damage in rats and dogs. Changes develop rapidly and, within 24 hours, consist of ulceration of the mucosal epithelium, hemorrhage and edema in all bladder tissues, and necrosis in smooth muscle and small arteries. The epithelium and submucosa of the renal pelvis are similarly affected. Renal tubular necrosis is seen in a minority of the affected animals. During the first few hours after injection high concentrations of reactive material are excreted in the urine. Most of the alkylating activity is due neither to cyclophosphamide nor to bis( β -chloroethyl) amine. When reactive urine is introduced by catheter into dog bladders, it induces the typical changes seen after intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide. Bladder damage can be prevented by promoting an active diuresis during the first few hours after the injection of the agent. These observations show that bladder damage is probably a local response to contact by toxic bladder urine. They suggest means for preventing bladder complications in patients. They also provide evidence for the in vivo transformation of cyclophosphamide into circulating cytotoxic moieties.