Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHILDREN'S PHYSICAL SELF-EFFICACY AND FREE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF TABLES . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Autobiographical Statement . 3 Purpose . 4 Definitions of Key Terms . 5 Theoretical Framework . 6 Overview of the Thesis . 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 11 Physical Activity Correlates . 12 Social Factors . 12 Environmental Factors . 16 Intrapersonal Factors . 21 Physical Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity. 24 Longitudinal Studies . 25 Qualitative Research . 27 Cases of Divergence . 30 Summary . 31 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 34 Ethical Considerations and Sampling Procedures . 34 Data Collection . 37 Questionnaire Participants . 37 Interview Participants . 37 vii Procedures . 42 Instruments . 44 Data Analysis . 50 Quantitative Analysis . 50 Qualitative Analysis . 52 CHAPTER 4: QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS . 55 Preliminary Quantitative Findings . 55 Descriptive Statistics . 55 Factor Analysis . 58 Main Quantitative Findings . 63 Physical Self-Efficacy, Transport to School, Access to Facilities, and Gender Related to Free-Time Physical Activity. 63 CHAPTER 5: QUALITATIVE FINDINGS . 65 Sources of Self-Efficacy. 65 High Physical Self-Efficacy . 66 Low Physical Self-Efficacy . 71 Sources of Pleasure . 79 High Physical Self-Efficacy . 79 Low Physical Self-Efficacy . 82 Personal Priorities and Ideologies . 84 High Physical Self-Efficacy . 84 Low Physical Self-Efficacy . 87 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION . 91 Physical Activity Correlates . 91 Rationales for Physical Activity . 98 Sources of Self-Efficacy . 98 Sources of Pleasure . 108 Personal Priorities and Ideologies. 111 Limitations and Implications for Future Research . 115 Implications for Practice . 119 Final Reflections . 122 viii REFERENCES . 125 APPENDIX A: ETHICAL CLEARANCE . 155 APPENDIX B: TEACHER DIRECTIONS . 156 APPENDIX C: INITIAL LETTER OF INFORMATION PHASE 1 . 157 APPENDIX D: INITIAL CONSENT FORM PHASE 1 . 158 APPENDIX E: STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE . 159 APPENDIX F: REVISED LETTER OF INFORMATION AND CONSENT FORM PHASE 1 . 166 APPENDIX G: REVISED LETTER OF INFORMATION AND CONSENT FORM PHASE 2 . 167 APPENDIX H: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS . 168 APPENDIX I: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS. 172 APPENDIX J: SPEARMAN‘S RHO FOR PHYSICAL SELF-EFFICACY . 176
Rehabilitation strategies to improve upper limb movement quality in children with cerebral palsy

ix SOMMAIRE. xi PREFACE . xiv CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS . xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS. xviii LIST OF TABLES. xxiii LIST OF FIGURES. xxiv CHAPTER 1 . 25 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 25 CHAPTER 2 . 27 LITERATURE REVIEW. 27 2.1. Cerebral Palsy – The Definition: the beginning of the dilemma. 27 2.1. 1. Multimodal etiologies of CP. 28 2.1. 2. CP Classification Clustering a heterogeneous group. 31 2.2. Motor development: Nature vs. Nurture. 33 2.2.1 Changes in the musculoskeletal system: shaping movement. 34 2.2.2. Changes in the nervous system during initial stages of development: shaping movement. 36 2.3. Clinical features of CP: Making the diagnosis. 39 2.3. 1. Clinical features of CP: Impairments. 41
Global diffuse distribution in the brain and efficient gene delivery to the dorsal root ganglia by intrathecal injection of adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 1

The success of gene therapy for inherited neurodegenerative diseases such as metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) depends on the development of efficient gene delivery throughout the brain guarded by the blood–brain barrier and achieves distribution of the deficient enzyme throughout the brain. Direct injection of viral vector into the brain parenchyma is too invasive and may not be sufficient to treat the entire brain. As an alternative approach, we examined the feasibility of intrathecal (IT) injection of adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 1 (AAV1).
Body fat distribution and the prognosis for weight reduction: preliminary observations.

In a preliminary study the influence of body fat distribution on the degree of weight reduction, blood lipids and blood glucose was investigated in 17 premenopausal obese women (BMI greater than 27 kg/m2), who followed an energy-reduced diet of 4.2 MJ/day for 8 weeks. Body fat distribution was distinguished in an abdominal and gluteal-femoral type using a cut-off point of 0.80 for the ratio of waist-to-hips girth. Mean weight reduction was about 10 kg. Body fat distribution was not related to the ability to lose weight. Body weight reduction was 10.2 +/- 3.3 kg (mean +/- s.d.) in the abdominal obese (n = 8) and 9.6 +/- 2.4 kg in the gluteal-femoral obese women (n = 8). In abdominal obese women, body fat distribution became more intermediate. This change in body fat distribution coincided in the abdominal obese, after weight loss, with greater decreases in blood glucose and serum lipids than in the gluteal-femoral obese.
Diagnosis and Management of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

Abstract Bladder carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women in the United States. In 2010, approximately 70 000 new cases of bladder carcinoma (52 000 in men and 18 000 in women) and approximately 14 000 deaths were expected in the United States. More than 90% of bladder carcinomas are classified as urothelial carcinoma (UC), which arise from the urothelium. This epithelium, also known as transitional cell epithelium, lines the urinary tract, which extends from the renal pelvis through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder may present as a non–muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive, or metastatic malignancy. In noninvasive tumors, treatment by cystoscopic resection and intravesical therapy is directed at reducing recurrences and preventing progression to a more advanced stage. The goal in invasive tumors is a combination of radical cystectomy and perioperative cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy to enhance outcomes by reducing the high risk of distant recurrences. Outcomes in metastatic UC are dismal with current cisplatinbased combination chemotherapy, and progressive disease after frontline chemotherapy is characterized by a short survival. Therefore, clinical trials should be the focus for metastatic UC. It is important for primary care physicians to recognize the early signs and symptoms of bladder carcinoma, initiate the proper work-up, and refer promptly to a urologist to evaluate suspicious signs and symptoms.
Categories and Range Effects in Human Spatial Memory

After learning a particular target stimulus, such as a location, humans’ judgments of whether a particular stimulus is the target or not is affected by the range of stimuli presented on tests. In such frequently found range effects, the peak of “yes” responses shifts toward the middle of the range of tested stimuli. Humans also code both the metric value and categorical information regarding a target stimulus, and use both forms of codes, such that responses are biased toward the category middle (category adjustment model, Duffy et al., 2010). Categorical codes should also affect range effects, with a test range crossing category boundaries producing less range effect than a test range within a category. We examined a set of past results presented in a review of range effects in humans (Thomas, 1993) for functional explanations in light of categorical coding, and found that all results could be reasonably explained. Additional experiments comparing range effects across vs. within a category found limited supporting evidence, perhaps because the range effects were weak. The adaptive functions of using (in part) categorical coding accounts for many seemingly peculiar biases in human cognition.
A class of time inconsistent risk measures and backward stochastic Volterra integral equations

In this paper we derive a new class of time inconsistent dynamic coherent risk measures, allowing the interest rates involved to be random, which extends and modifies the results on risk measures in Appl. Anal. 86 (2007), 1429–1442. Since in this procedure one important mathematical tool is a kind of backward stochastic Volterra integral equations (BSVIEs in short) with stochastic Lipschitz coefficients, this paper firstly is devoted to develop the existence and uniqueness theory for the corresponding BSVIEs, which not only generalizes the results in Stoch. Proc. Appl. 116 (2006), 779–795; Appl. Anal. 86 (2007), 1429–1442; Probab. Theory Related Fields 142 (2008), 21–77; but also simplifies considerably the related arguments there.
Reproducibility of immunohistochemical scoring for epidermal growth factor receptor expression in non-small cell lung cancer: round robin test.

CONTEXT The addition of cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy substantially prolonged survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors expressed high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; immunohistochemistry score of ≥200 on a scale of 0-300). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interobserver reproducibility of this EGFR immunohistochemistry scoring system, based on both the tumor cell membrane staining intensity (graded 0-3+) and the percentage of cells staining at each intensity. DESIGN In parts 1 (initial feasibility study) and 2 of this 2-part round robin test, sections of different non-small cell lung cancer tissue microarrays were stained in a central reference laboratory. Following reference evaluation, EGFR expression in 30 selected tumor cores was characterized in serial sections by lung cancer pathology specialists. The reproducibility of scoring by different raters was assessed. Analysis of between-rater agreement was based on the allocation of EGFR immunohistochemistry scores into low- (<200) and high- (≥200) EGFR expression groups. RESULTS After discussion with raters of the issues impacting reproducibility identified in part 1 and following adjustment of processes, part 2 of the round robin test showed a high interobserver agreement in EGFR immunohistochemistry scoring, with an overall concordance rate of 90.9% and a mean κ coefficient of 0.812. Specimens with a reference EGFR immunohistochemistry score of lower than 200 and of 200 or higher showed mean concordance rates of 94.7% and 85.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS After appropriate training, assessing EGFR expression by this immunohistochemistry-based method allowed a highly reproducible allocation of non-small cell lung cancers into clinically relevant high- or low-EGFR expression groups.
AN INTERACTIVE MODEL FOR STEERING BEHAVIORS OF GROUPS OF CHARACTERS

This article presents an approach for generating steering behaviors of groups of characters based on the space colonization algorithm that has been used in the past for generating leaf venation patterns and tree structures. In this article, the underlying idea of the space colonization algorithm is adapted to control the motion of virtual characters, providing robust and realistic group behaviors by adjusting just a few parameters. The main contributions of this work are the robustness, flexibility, and simplicity of the proposed approach to control groups of characters in an interactive way, providing path planning and a series of group behaviors, such as group formation, alignment among others. We also introduce a possible extension of this model to provide collision avoidance among agents, mainly focused on crowd simulation. In addition, an interactive tool is provided to allow an easy manner for controlling the motion of virtual characters.
Experimental Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Quaker Parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Spontaneous atherosclerosis is common in psittaciformes, and clinical signs associated with flow-limiting stenosis are encountered in pet birds. Nevertheless, a psittacine model of atherosclerosis has not been developed for research investigations. Sixteen captive-bred Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) were used in this study. While 4 control birds were fed a maintenance diet, 12 other birds were fed an atherogenic diet composed of 1% cholesterol controlling for a calorie-to-protein ratio for periods ranging from 2 to 8 months. The birds were euthanized at the end of their respective food trial period. Histopathology, transmission electron microscopy, and cholesterol measurement were performed on the ascending aorta and brachiocephalic and pulmonary arteries. Plasma lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides were also measured on a monthly basis. Significant atherosclerotic lesions were induced within 2 months and advanced atherosclerotic lesions within 4 to 6 months. The advanced lesions were histologically similar to naturally occurring lesions identified in the same parrot species with a lipid core and a fibrous cap. Ultrastructurally, there were extracellular lipid, foam cell, and endothelial changes. Arterial cholesterol content increased linearly over time. Plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly increased over time by an average of 5- and 15-fold, respectively, with a shift from high-density lipoprotein to LDL as the main plasma lipoprotein. Quaker parrots also exhibited high plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity that increased, although not significantly, over time. This experiment demonstrates that in Quaker parrots fed 1% cholesterol, advanced atherosclerosis can be induced relatively quickly, and lesions resemble those found in other avian models and humans.
Measurements and Performance Factor Comparisons of Magnetic Materials at High Frequency

The design of power magnetic components for operation at high frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) has been hindered by a lack of magnetic material performance data and by the limited design theory in that frequency range. To address these deficiencies, we have measured and present core loss data for a variety of commercially available magnetic materials in the HF range. In addition, we extend the theory of performance factor for appropriate use in the HF design. Since magnetic materials suitable for HF applications tend to have low permeability, we also consider the impact of low permeability on design. We conclude that, with appropriate material selection and design, increased frequencies can continue to yield improved power density well into the HF regime.
CogALex-V Shared Task: GHHH - Detecting Semantic Relations via Word Embeddings

This paper describes our system submission to the CogALex-2016 Shared Task on Corpus-Based Identification of Semantic Relations. Our system won first place for Task-1 and second place for Task-2. The evaluation results of our system on the test set is 88.1% (79.0% for TRUE only) f-measure for Task-1 on detecting semantic similarity, and 76.0% (42.3% when excluding RANDOM) for Task-2 on identifying finer-grained semantic relations. In our experiments, we try word analogy, linear regression, and multi-task Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with word embeddings from publicly available word vectors. We found that linear regression performs better in the binary classification (Task-1), while CNNs have better performance in the multi-class semantic classification (Task-2). We assume that word analogy is more suited for deterministic answers rather than handling the ambiguity of one-to-many and many-to-many relationships. We also show that classifier performance could benefit from balancing the distribution of labels in the training data.
Studies of nerve-muscle interactions in Xenopus cell culture: analysis of early synaptic currents

We have studied the spontaneous and nerve-evoked synaptic currents during the initial period of nerve-muscle contact in Xenopus cell cultures. The precise timing of the contact was achieved by physically manipulating embryonic muscle cells into contact with co-cultured spinal neurons. Previous studies have shown that physical contact of the muscle membrane induces pulsatile release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the growth cone of these neurons, resulting in spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) in the muscle cell within seconds following the contact. In the present work, we first showed that these SSCs at the manipulated nerve-muscle contacts are similar to those observed at naturally occurring synapses. We then examined the possible cellular mechanisms responsible for the marked variation in SSC amplitude and showed that it most likely results from differences in either the amount of ACh contained in each release event or the extent of close membrane apposition near the release sites. During the first 20 min following the nerve-muscle contact, there was an increase in the frequency and mean amplitude of the SSCs. During a similar period, the evoked synaptic currents (ESCs), which were induced by suprathreshold electrical stimulation of the neuronal soma, also showed an increase in the mean amplitude and a reduction in the delay of onset following the stimulus. These postcontact changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission may be related to an increase in the total area of close membrane apposition between the nerve and muscle cells. This was suggested by the finding that neurite-muscle adhesion increases over a similar postcontact period. The transition from low- to high-efficacy transmission during the early phase of contact may reflect the process of selective adhesion between the cells, and thus signify the formation of specific synapse. Analysis of the fluctuation in the ESC amplitude at the early nerve-muscle contact suggests that evoked release of ACh occurs as multiples of a quantal unit. However, this unit is apparently related to only a small subpopulation of SSCs of relatively high amplitudes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Self-esteem and aggression: the relationships between explicit-implicit self-esteem, narcissism, and reactive-proactive aggression

Aggression can be detrimental to both victims and perpetrators. Recent research on the theoretical risks for aggressive behaviours fail to demonstrate consistent links with the human’s evaluation of self-worth, hence the nature of this relationship remains unclear. Specifically, the purpose of the investigation was to examine the differential association between multidimensional self-esteem using both explicit and implicit measures, narcissism, and reactive and proactive aggression across three samples of different cultures and characteristics. Chapter 1 discusses the general background of the study and a brief review of the possible issues that might have contributed to the ambiguous findings on the relationships between self-esteem and aggression. Chapter 2 discusses the theoretical links between self-esteem and aggression, which includes the limitations of self-report assessments (i.e., explicit measures) and how the alternative of indirect assessment tools (i.e., implicit measures) may help to overcome this issue by assessing more automated forms of processes involved in the development of aggressive behaviours. The investigation examines whether the use of the current Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT) would provide a greater empirical support for the links between multidimensional self-esteem with reactive and proactive aggression, relative to self-report questionnaires. Chapter 3 describes the evidence surrounding the role of multidimensional self-esteem in different types of aggression in a different culture of similar characteristics, through a replication of the aforementioned investigation. The cross-cultural comparisons were inspected based on the individualistic-collectivistic perspectives. Chapter 4 further explores the relationship of interest by taking into account the content dimensions of self-esteem, namely agency and communion. These dimensions were assessed using both explicit vi and implicit measures on a high-risk population sample within the community. Across each chapter, the current results concerning explicit self-esteem demonstrated consistent evidence to show that low self-esteem is associated with high reactive aggression, whereas narcissism is positively related to aggression, and proactive aggression in particular. Unfortunately, the use of the IAT paradigms in this current investigation did not improve prediction of group membership or estimated risk of aggression. Chapter 5 describes how such findings may be of benefit in unravelling the inconsistency within the self-esteem and aggression relationships. Through further replication and methodological refinement, the current findings could be utilised in support of forensic risk assessment needs within the violence/aggression treatment programmes.
Expression of Nuclear Receptor Coactivators in the Human Fetal Membranes at Term before and after Labor

Human fetal membranes play an important role in term and preterm labor and are responsive to steroids. We examined the expression of steroid receptor coactivators in fetal membranes obtained prior to and following labor at term. Proteins were localized by immunohistochemistry, Western analysis was carried out in nuclear extracts, and mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. SRC-1, SRC-2, p300, and PCAF proteins were present in all nuclear extracts. The amnion nuclei expressed higher levels of SRC-1, p300, and PCAF than nuclei from the chorion-decidua, whereas the reverse was true for SRC-2. Chorion-decidua from patients before labor expressed higher levels of SRC-1 than those from patients after labor. Also, the PCAF level was higher in the amnion obtained before labor than the same tissue obtained after labor. In contrast to the protein expression, mRNA levels of SRC-1 and p300 were higher in the chorion-decidua compared to the amnion, whereas there was no difference in levels of SRC-2 and PCAF mRNAs between these two tissues. These data underline that the regulation of the expression of the coactivators in these tissues occurs during labor and is complex and tissue specific.
Mothers with intellectual limitations and their 2-year-old children’s developmental outcomes

The aims of this study were to describe and to quantify the risk for developmental delay in young children born to mothers with intellectual limitations and to control for the confounding effects of poverty. This prospective two group study compared 38 low income mothers with intellectual limitations and 32 low income mothers without intellectual limitations. Groups were matched for age, race, and parity or the number of pregnancies carried to the point of viability. A multimethod research design emphasized longitudinal, observational, and casefinding strategies. The primary focus was a mother-child dyad through assessments in the home during the child's first 2 years of life. Developmental delay was identified by the age of 2 years in 42 % of children born to mothers with intellectual limitations and 12 % of children born to mothers without intellectual limitations. Results supported previous research that found that children born to mothers with intellectual limitations were more likely to experience de.