Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translational Regulation of Autoimmune Inflammation and Lymphoma Genesis by Programmed Cell Death 41

Both inflammatory diseases and cancer are associated with heightened protein translation. However, the mechanisms of translational regulation and the roles of translation factors in these diseases are not clear. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a newly described inhibitor of protein translation. To determine the roles of PDCD4 in vivo, we generated PDCD4-deficient mice by gene targeting. We report here that mice deficient in PDCD4 develop spontaneous lymphomas and have a significantly reduced life span. Most tumors are of the B lymphoid origin with frequent metastasis to liver and kidney. However, PDCD4-deficient mice are resistant to inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune encephalomyelitis and diabetes. Mechanistic studies reveal that upon activation, PDCD4-deficient lymphocytes preferentially produce cytokines that promote oncogenesis but inhibit inflammation. These results establish that PDCD4 controls lymphoma genesis and autoimmune inflammation by selectively inhibiting protein translation in the immune system.
A New Maori Migration: Rural and Urban Relations in Northern New Zealand

Contents 1. MAORI URBANISATION: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND I I. The Country 2. THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND 23 3. KINSHIP AND DESCENT 46 4. COMMUNITY DIVISIONS, LEADERSHIP AND SOLIDARITY 78 5. MIGRATION 96 II. The City 6. THE DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND 111 7. THE LOCAL PEOPLE 118 8. IMMIGRANTS AND CITY-BORN 122 9. HOUSING AND DOMESTIC ORGANISATION 141 10. KINSHIP AND DESCENT 154 11. MARRIAGE PATTERNS AND CEREMONIAL 182 12. VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION 194 13. LEADERSHIP, SOCIAL CONTROL AND COMMUNITY SOLIDARITY 211 III. City and Country 14. URBAN-RURAL RELATIONS 231 15. STABILITY AND CHANGE IN MAORI SOCIETY 251 TABLES 267 GLOSSARY 287 BIBLIOGRAPHY 290 INDEX 293
Gender and Family Disparities in Suicide Attempt and Role of Socioeconomic, School, and Health-Related Difficulties in Early Adolescence

Suicide attempt (SA) is common in early adolescence and the risk may differ between boys and girls in nonintact families partly because of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. This study explored the gender and family disparities and the role of these covariates. Questionnaires were completed by 1,559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France including sex, age, socioeconomic factors (family structure, nationality, parents' education, father's occupation, family income, and social support), grade repetition, depressive symptoms, sustained violence, sexual abuse, unhealthy behaviors (tobacco/alcohol/cannabis/hard drug use), SA, and their first occurrence over adolescent's life course. Data were analyzed using Cox regression models. SA affected 12.5% of girls and 7.2% of boys (P < 0.001). The girls living with parents divorced/separated, in reconstructed families, and with single parents had a 3-fold higher SA risk than those living in intact families. Over 63% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties. No family disparities were observed among boys. Girls had a 1.74-time higher SA risk than boys, and 45% of the risk was explained by socioeconomic, school, and mental difficulties and violence. SA prevention should be performed in early adolescence and consider gender and family differences and the role of socioeconomic, school, and health-related difficulties.
Older Adults’ Views and Communication Preferences About Cancer Screening Cessation

Importance Older adults with limited life expectancy are frequently screened for cancer even though it exposes them to risks of screening with minimal benefit. Patient preferences may be an important contributor to continued screening. Objective To examine older adults’ views on the decision to stop cancer screening when life expectancy is limited and to identify older adults’ preferences for how clinicians should communicate recommendations to cease cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants In this semistructured interview study, we interviewed 40 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) recruited at 4 clinical programs affiliated with an urban academic medical center. Main Outcomes and Measure We transcribed the audio recorded discussions and analyzed the transcripts using standard techniques of qualitative content analysis to identify major themes and subthemes. Results The participants’ average age was 75.7 years. Twenty-three participants (57.5%) were female; 25 (62.5%) were white. Estimated life expectancy was less than 10 years for 19 participants (47.5%). We identified 3 key themes. First, participants were amenable to stopping cancer screening, especially in the context of a trusting relationship with their clinician. Second, although many participants supported using age and health status to individualize the screening decision, they did not often understand the role of life expectancy. All except 2 participants objected to a Choosing Wisely statement about not recommending cancer screening in those with limited life expectancy, often believing that clinicians cannot accurately predict life expectancy. Third, participants preferred that clinicians explain a recommendation to stop screening by incorporating individual health status but were divided on whether life expectancy should be mentioned. Specific wording of life expectancy was important; many felt the language of “you may not live long enough to benefit from this test” was unnecessarily harsh compared with the more positive messaging of “this test would not help you live longer. ” Conclusions and Relevance Although research and clinical practice guidelines recommend using life expectancy to inform cancer screening, older adults may not consider life expectancy important in screening and may not prefer to hear about life expectancy when discussing screening. The described communication preferences can help inform future screening discussions. Better delineating patient-centered approaches to discuss screening cessation is an important step toward optimizing cancer screening in older adults.
Cognitive aging effects in schizophrenia: A quantitative review

Cognitive impairments are well-established in schizophrenia; however the impact of the aging process on cognition is controversial. Meta-analytic techniques were used to quantify the impact of aging in patients with schizophrenia on long-term memory (LTM). Fifty verbal memory effects from 49 studies and 30 non-verbal memory effects from 29 studies were identified with participants falling into the following age ranges: young (2039), middle-aged (40-59), and old (60-79). Relative to controls, the oldest patient samples demonstrated greater LTM impairments for both verbal (d=1.87) and non-verbal (d=1.56) material. Middle-age patient samples showed equivalent impairments to that of young patients in verbal LTM (d=-1.02 and -1.14 respectively), but greater impairments in non-verbal LTM (d=-1.38 vs. -0.91). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that older patients with schizophrenia are significantly more impaired in LTM than younger patients and suggest that schizophrenic patients may be at increased risk for cognitive decline in late-life.
Computed Tomography in Deep Venous Thrombosis with Limb Oedema

Computed tomography was used in 12 patients to investigate the distribution of oedema in the soft tissue compartments of lower limbs with deep venous thrombosis. Oedema was evenly distributed throughout the subcutis and the muscular compartments in tomograms obtained 25 cm proximal to the ankle. Significantly less swelling in the muscular compartments was found 10 cm proximal to the ankle. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure was measured in the subcutis, and in anterior and posterior muscular compartments, and was significantly increased in all cases. Except for one case, the recorded pressures were well below 30 mmHg, which is considered the limit above which compartment syndromes occur. Tissue compliance was significantly lower in muscular compartments than in the subcutis.
Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. I. A Grid of 200,000 YSO Model SEDs

We present a grid of radiation transfer models of axisymmetric young stellar objects (YSOs), covering a wide range of stellar masses (from 0.1 to 50 M☉) and evolutionary stages (from the early envelope infall stage to the late disk-only stage). The grid consists of 20,000 YSO models, with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and polarization spectra computed at 10 viewing angles for each model, resulting in a total of 200,000 SEDs. We have made a careful assessment of the theoretical and observational constraints on the physical conditions of disks and envelopes in YSOs and have attempted to fully span the corresponding regions in parameter space. These models are publicly available on a dedicated Web server. In this paper we summarize the main features of our models, as well as the range of parameters explored. Having a large grid covering reasonable regions of parameter space allows us to shed light on many trends in near- and mid-IR observations of YSOs (such as changes in the spectral indices and colors of their SEDs), linking them with physical parameters (such as disk and infalling envelope parameters). In particular, we examine the dependence of the spectral indices of the model SEDs on envelope accretion rate and disk mass. In addition, we show variations of spectral indices with stellar temperature, disk inner radius, and disk flaring power for a subset of disk-only models. We also examine how changing the wavelength range of data used to calculate spectral indices affects their values. We show sample color-color plots of the entire grid as well as simulated clusters at various distances with typical Spitzer sensitivities. We find that young embedded sources generally occupy a large region of color-color space due to inclination and stellar temperature effects. Disk sources occupy a smaller region of color-color space but overlap substantially with the region occupied by embedded sources, especially in the near- and mid-IR. We identify regions in color-color space where our models indicate that only sources at a given evolutionary stage should lie. We find that, while near-IR (such as JHK) and mid-IR (such as IRAC) fluxes are useful in discriminating between stars and YSOs, and are useful for identifying very young sources, the addition of longer wavelength data such as MIPS 24 μm is extremely valuable for determining the evolutionary stage of YSOs.
Continuations, Processes, and Sharing

Continuation-passing style (CPS) transforms have long been important tools in the study of programming. They have been shown to correspond to abstract machines and, when combined with a naming transform that expresses shared values, they enjoy a direct correspondence with encodings into process calculi such as the π-calculus. We present our notion of correctness and discuss the sufficient conditions that guarantee the correctness of transforms. We then consider the call-by-value, call-by-name and call-by-need evaluation strategies for the λ-calculus and present their CPS transforms, abstract machines, π-encodings, and proofs of correctness. Our analysis covers a uniform CPS transform, which differentiates the three evaluation strategies only by the treatment of function calls. This leads to a new CPS transform for call-by-need requiring a less expressive form of side effect, which we call constructive update.
Serum Concentrations of Carbamazepine and Its Epoxide and Diol Metabolites in Epileptic Patients: The Influence of Dose and Comedication

The influence of carbamazepine (CBZ) dose, CBZ preparation used, comedication (phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproate), and factors such as age, weight, and sex on the concentration of CBZ and its metabolites carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-epoxide) and 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine (CBZ-diol) in serum was investigated. A nonlinear regression analysis using the data of 609 patients shows that other anti-epileptic drugs can influence the metabolism of CBZ in various ways. The mean serum concentration of CBZ is lower when the drug is given in combination with phenytoin (59.4%), primidone (58.2%), phenobarbital (65.7%), and valproate (83.0%) than when CBZ is given alone (100%), whereas the mean concentration of CBZ-epoxide is increased by valproate (144.8%), by primidone (118.5%), and by a combination of the latter (167.4%). The CBZ-diol concentrations are also increased during concomitant treatment with the other antiepileptic drugs. Our results indicate a nonlinear relationship between the CBZ dose and the CBZ concentration, but a linear relationship between the CBZ dose and the CBZ-diol concentration.
Immunity to HIV in Early Life

The developing immune system is adapted to the exposure to a plethora of pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens encountered in utero and after birth, requiring a fine balance between protective immunity and immune tolerance. In early stages of life, this tolerogenic state of the innate and adaptive immune system and the lack of immunological memory render the host more susceptible to infectious pathogens like HIV. HIV pathogenesis is different in children, compared to adults, with more rapid disease progression and a substantial lack of control of viremia compared to adults. Plasma viral load remains high during infancy and only declines gradually over several years in line with immune maturation, even in rare cases where children maintain normal CD4 T-lymphocyte counts for several years without antiretroviral therapy (ART). These pediatric slow progressors also typically show low levels of immune activation despite persistently high viremia, resembling the phenotype of natural hosts of SIV infection. The lack of immunological memory places the fetus and the newborn at higher risk of infections; however, it may also provide an opportunity for unique interventions. Frequencies of central memory CD4+ T-lymphocytes, one of the main cellular reservoirs of HIV, are very low in the newborn child, so immediate ART could prevent the establishment of persistent viral reservoirs and result in “functional cure. ” However, as recently demonstrated in the case report of the “Mississippi child” who experienced viral rebound after more than 2 years off ART, additional immunomodulatory strategies might be required for sustained viral suppression after ART cessation. In this review, we discuss the interactions between HIV and the developing immune system in children and the potential implications for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.
Preoperative Vitamin D Status of Adults Undergoing Surgical Spinal Fusion

Study Design. Retrospective investigation of cross-sectional data. Objective. To define the prevalence and determinants of preoperative vitamin D deficiency among adults undergoing spinal fusion. Summary of Background Data. Vitamin D plays a critical role in establishing optimal bone health, which, in turn, is vital to the success of spinal arthrodesis. Recently, hypovitaminosis D was documented in 43% of adults undergoing any orthopedic surgery. Methods. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were routinely measured in adults undergoing spinal fusion at a single institution. Between January 2010 and March 2011, 313 patients were retrospectively identified for inclusion. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results. The rates of inadequacy (<30 ng/mL) and deficiency were 57% and 27%, respectively. Although 260 patients were diagnosed with degenerative disease (spondylosis), 99 had deformity, and there were 73 revision cases. There was a higher rate of smoking (P = 0.03) and lower age (P < 0.01) in the vitamin D–deficient subset. There was no sex difference. Increasing body mass index (P < 0.01), increasing Neck and Oswestry Disability Index scores (P = 0.03), and lack of vitamin D and/or multivitamin supplementation (P < 0.01) remained predictors of deficiency after multivariate analysis. Those with previous supplementation were older (P < 0.01) and more likely to be at least 50 years old than those without repletion (P < 0.01). Conclusion. Our investigation revealed a substantially high prevalence of vitamin D abnormality in the analyzed population. Although advanced age is a well-established risk factor for hypovitaminosis, young adults undergoing fusion should not be overlooked with regard to vitamin D screening; this age bracket is less likely to have been previously supplemented. In the absence of better-recognized determinants, spinal disability indices may also be useful in identifying those with deficiency.
Therapist reactions in self‐experienced difficult situations: An exploration

Abstract This article describes a qualitative study of 63 difficult therapeutic situations described by 26 therapists. The study was part of research on specific reactions of therapists to traumatized clients. The research questions for the current analyses focused on the categorization of difficult situations, of short-term therapist reactions, and the exploration of situation-specific reaction patterns. The therapeutic style of the therapist was also explored. Three types of difficult situations were found: ‘traumatic situations’, ‘interactional situations’ and ‘existential situations’. Therapist reactions were sorted in to 20 categories; 10 of them were part of a situation-specific pattern. The therapeutic style of therapists was defined by a first dimension reflecting a continuum of experiencing versus actively intervening and a second dimension of feeling responsible. The relevance for therapist self-reflection, supervision and training is to acknowledge the specific difficulties in different therape.
A new bead‐based human platelet antigen antibodies detection assay versus the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay

The performance of a newly developed Luminex bead‐based platelet (PLT) antibody detection method (PAKLx) was compared with the monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigens (MAIPA) assay and the LifeScreen Deluxe Luminex bead‐based HLA Class I antibody detection method (LMX).
Communication Network Influences on Information Diffusion and Persuasion

Communication networks' influences on the information diffusion process and the effects of 2 virtually identical communication programs were studied. These programs were implemented in 2 Dutch neighborhoods with different levels of cohesion. It was expected that information diffusion would be related to the number of network ties, whereas program effects would be related to the strength of network ties. Data were collected from a representative sample of the target group by means of pre- and posttest surveys and 5 small process surveys. The data confirm the main hypothesis and also provide some support for the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis (Granovetter, 1973). No significant interaction effects of neighborhood and network variables were found. The results provide some insight on how people restrain each other from adoption and how this is related to the strength and number of communication ties. Persuasive communication is predominantly studied as an isolated, one-way phenomenon between a receiver and a source who tries to influence the receiver's attitudes or behavior through some channel by means of a persuasive message. Most researchers have placed a strong accent on cognitive processes inside individuals (cf. Roberts & Maccoby, 1985). The social context in which persuasion attempts take place has received much less attention in research on persuasive communication. Evaluation studies of public communication campaigns are illustrative in this respect. Most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on campaign outcomes of attitudes or of behaviors rather than on the process by which these outcomes were obtained. Remarkably little is known about the manner in which these outcomes might have been affected by informal interpersonal communications among receivers. This is surprising considering that as early as the 1940s and 1950s, researchers had demonstrated that mass media directly influence a small part of their audience at best, but that face-to-face contacts with other people influence most people (e.g., Katz & Lazarsfeld, 1955; Lazarsfeld, Berelson, & Gaudet 1948). How and by what channels this influence takes place has not been thoroughly investigated. The lack of this kind of research is even more surprising in the light of the community-based communication program that was launched during the 1980s as a promising alternative to large-scale mass media campaigns. Although these programs are largely based on the notion that the social
Metabolic myopathy as a cause of the exercise limitation in lung transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary exercise (CPEx) studies of lung transplant (LTx) recipients have found low maximum oxygen consumptions because of an as yet unexplained mechanism. Although it is likely that a significant problem resides within the mitochondria, this study determines whether a defect in oxygen uptake or utilization is present. METHODS Six LTx recipients and six age- and sex-matched, healthy control subjects were studied to assess the possibility of a mitochondrial myopathy in LTx recipients. We used standard CPEx testing in conjunction with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive optical technique to assess peripheral oxygen uptake in exercising muscle. NIRS analyzes the absorption spectra of hemoglobin and myoglobin at 760 and 850 nm to determine the relative oxygen saturation of these compounds during exercise with respect to baseline values. Relative changes in oxygen saturation are determined from the application of Beers law to changes in absorbance to compute changes in optical density (deltaOD). The LTx recipients and control subjects performed maximal noninvasive CPEx studies with NIRS analysis of the vastus lateralis muscle. RESULTS All subjects had a circulatory limitation to exercise. The LTx group had a significantly lower percent predicted maximum oxygen consumption than the control group (45.3%+/-14% vs 100.8%+/-15.6%, [mean +/- SD] P < .001) and earlier onset of the anaerobic threshold (30.3%+/-7.6% vs 60.3%+/-8.0% of predicted VO2max, P < .0001) The LTx recipients demonstrated a significantly smaller deltaOD at maximum exercise as determined by NIRS analysis (0.024+/-0.005 deltaOD vs 0.054+/-0.03 deltaOD, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS LTx recipients have an impaired maximal exercise capacity because of a disorder of peripheral oxygen utilization. This may be caused by a cyclosporine-induced mitochondrial myopathy.
An Accreting Millisecond Pulsar with Black Hole-like X-Ray Variability: IGR J00291+5934

IGR J00291+5934 is one of the seven accreting millisecond pulsars (AMPs) discovered so far. We report on the aperiodic timing and color analysis of its X-ray flux, using all the RXTE observations of the 2004 outburst. Flat-top noise and two harmonically related quasi-periodic oscillations, all of them at very low frequencies (0.01-0.1 Hz), were present in the power spectra during most of the outburst as well as a very high fractional variability (~50%). These properties are atypical not only for AMPs but also for neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in general. There are instead some remarkable similarities with the variability observed in black hole systems, reinforcing the connections between these two types of LMXBs, as well as some interesting differences. We note finally that the results of this paper are difficult to reconcile with interpretations where any break frequency of power density spectra scales inversely with the mass of the central object at an accuracy sufficient to distinguish between the masses of neutron stars and black holes in LMXBs.