Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What ’ s Weathering in Mine Waste ? Mineralogic Evidence for Sources of Metals in Leachates

Microscale mineral-dissolution and precipitation reactions in mine-waste material provide insight into macroscopic weathering processes in waste piles and sources of metal concentrations in leachate solutions. Fluid movement and alteration processes at the microscopic scale are also important in the development of rock fabrics such as porosity that influence transport of materials through a mine-waste pile. Mine-waste piles are dynamic physical and chemical systems, as evidenced by partial to total dissolution of sulfide and other minerals, alteration rinds and etch pits on grains, secondary minerals that replace sulfide minerals, and precipitation and migration under low-temperature conditions of secondary evaporative minerals. From the late 1800s through the early 1900s, gold and base-metal mining in the Leadville and Montezuma districts, Colorado, left extensive waste piles that contain Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe sulfide minerals. Weathering of the sulfide minerals generates acid and releases metals at potentially toxic levels to receiving streams. Mine-waste materials from the Dinero, Lower Chatauqua, and Sts. John sites exhibit rock fabrics that indicate that weathering products─Fe oxyhydroxides, jarosite, and clays─have been transported in suspension through the waste piles and deposited in voids and as coatings on rock fragments. The source of readily leachable metals in these mine-waste sites is revealed by microscale characterization of weathered, partially dissolved minerals. For example, mineralogic studies show that galena in the Lower Chatauqua and Sts. John waste is enriched in Ag relative to galena in Dinero waste. Qualitative and semiquantitative microanalysis of weathered, altered galena grains from all three sites show that the Ag-bearing galena is more susceptible to dissolution. It is not surprising, then, that solutions experimentally leached from Lower Chatauqua and Sts. John waste are higher in Pb (2,310 and 1,360 ppb, respectively) compared to leachates from the Dinero waste (31 ppb). The mobility of most metals is increased under acidic conditions. Using the USGS Field Leach Test protocol, leachate derived from the Dinero waste has a pH of 3 and high concentrations of Al (443 ppb), Fe (441 ppb), and Zn (7970 ppb). Leachate from the Sts. John tailings has a pH of about 4 with high concentrations of Mn (1,520 ppb), Zn (2,240 ppb), and Pb (1,360 ppb). Leachate from the Lower Chatauqua waste has a circumneutral pH of 5, but in addition to the high Pb level already mentioned, it contains high levels of K (1.9 ppm), Mn (6,720 ppb), and Zn (1,550 ppb). The high concentrations of metals, despite the intermediate pH of the leachate, may be explained by acidic microenvironments that exist at the surfaces of sulfide minerals, where sulfurand iron-oxidizing microbes may flourish. It is at the reactive mineral-oxygen-water interface where metals and acid are released and low-pH sulfate precipitates such as jarosite-beudantite form.
On integrability of the Yang–Baxter σ-model

We prove that the recently introduced Yang–Baxter σ-model can be considered as an integrable deformation of the principal chiral model. We find also an explicit one-to-one map transforming every solution of the principal chiral model into a solution of the deformed model. With the help of this map, the standard procedure of the dressing of the principal chiral solutions can be directly transferred into the deformed Yang–Baxter context.
Visual rhythms: facilitating young children’s creative engagement at Tate Liverpool

ABSTRACT This paper sets out to demonstrate the creative engagement of a group of three and four year old children at Tate Liverpool Art Gallery and how this was facilitated. The paper starts by providing background on the project at Tate Liverpool and to a pedagogy of engagement. In doing so its value of creative engagement within the context of gallery education and the perceived barriers that can sometimes prevent or restrict young children’s engagement are acknowledged. It progresses to show how artworks were used as provocations for encouraging children’s creative engagement as part of workshops in the gallery space and the creative engagement signs that were observed. Vignettes of children’s spontaneous responses are used to illustrate and analyse their engagement, and how this was facilitated by artists. Most significantly, the paper presents ‘visible rhythms’ as a new phenomenon or ‘signs’ of creative engagement. Through a facilitation of curiosity and self-discovery over sustained periods of time, as part of an environment where power is shared, children’s engagement was observed as they expressed themselves through their ‘visible rhythms’.
The multiple intelligence based enrichment module on the development of human potential: examining its impact and the views of teachers

Purpose – Howard Gardners’ concept of multiple intelligence (MI) offers an alternative perspective on intelligence which highlights the importance of acknowledging learner diversity, individual talents and the development of human potentials. MI has been used as a basis for the construction of modular enrichment activities to facilitate the development of human potential among boarding school students.This study examines (1) the effects of such activities on students of different multiple intelligence profiles and (2) the teachers’ views of the MI based module and activities.Methodology – The study employs a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests administered before and after treatment of the modular enrichment activities. Two groups of students from two Mara Junior Science Colleges (MRSM) in Malaysia participated in the study as the control and treatment groups. McKenzie’s multiple intelligences instrument was used as the pre- and post-test measure. A semi-structured interview protocol was used to obtain teachers’ views of the enrichment activities. Findings – The study found that the MI post-test was favourable towards the treatment group. Students in the treatment group improved on each multiple intelligence profile compared with students in the control group. The qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed favourable responses from the teachers towards the modular enrichment activities and the inclusion of MI. Significance – This study highlights the importance of recognising that each student has his/her distinct potential. These differences can be captured through the construction of various enrichment activities that emphasise on the different multiple intelligences.The modular learning experience simplifies the process of teaching and learning. It enables students and teachers to understand the objectives to be achieved through diverse problem solving and creative production activities.It is hoped that through this study, educators and teachers will gain ideas about ways in which a MI perspective can help them to tap student potential.
On the Development of a Model of Discipline-specific Reading Strategies in the Context of Iranian EFL Learners

Reading strategies are seen as supportive means to help learners process and comprehend English texts effectively. The present research probed to posit a discipline-specific model of reading strategies for Iranian TEFL postgraduate students. The motive behind developing a local model of reading strategy is twofold: first, a variety of postgraduate students admitted for M.A and Ph.D. programs, either may not have received their first degrees in TEFL or they are TEFL graduates who lag behind disciplinary-knowledge in terms of reading. Consequently, Twenty-eight postgraduate students majoring in English Language Teaching from Shiraz University, Isfahan University, Yazd University and Islamic Azad university of Bandar-Abbas wherein M.A and Ph.D. programs in TEFL are offered were asked to brainstorm their ideas as to how they approach technical materials in English. Conducting a 3-session semi-structured interview with 22 participants and focus-group interviews with six participants, the researchers then transcribed and codified the data according to Corbin and Strauss (2014) systematic steps of open, axial and selective coding for grounded theory. The findings revealed a six factor model encompassing 32 categories . The factors include: a) previewing the content, b) recognition of the salient and pronounced features, C) emphasis and clarification upon the significant features, d) consulting auxiliary sources, e) ruminating and reflecting upon the text, and f) reviewing the gist of materials. As a matter of fact, the proposed model can help postgraduate students move away from teacher authority and develop reading autonomy.
Subgradient Methods for Maximum Margin Structured Learning

Maximum margin structured learning (MMSL) has recently gained recognition within the machine learning community as a tractable method for large scale learning. However, most current methods are limited in terms of scalability, convergence, or memory requirements. The original Structured SMO method proposed in (Taskar et al., 2003) is slow to converge, particularly for Markov networks of even medium treewidth. Similarly, dual exponentiated gradient techniques suffer from sublinear convergence as well as often large memory requirements. Recently, (Taskar et al., 2006) have looked into saddle-point methods for optimization and have succeeded in efficiently solving several problems that would have otherwise had intractable memory requirements. We propose an alternative gradient based approach using a regularized risk formulation of MMSL derived by placing the constraints into the objective to create a convex function in w. This objective is then optimized by a direct generalization of gradient descent, popular in convex optimization, called the subgradient method (Shor, 1985). The abundance of literature on subgradient methods makes this algorithm a decidedly convenient choice. In this case, it is well known that the subgradient method is guaranteed linear convergence when the stepsize is chosen to be constant. Furthermore, this algorithm becomes the well-studied Greedy Projection algorithm of (Zinkevich, 2003) in the online setting. Using tools developed in (Hazan et al., 2006), we can show that the risk of this online algorithm with respect to the prediction loss grows only sublinearly in time. Perhaps more importantly, the implementation of this algorithm is simple and has intuitive appeal since an integral part of the computation comes from running the inference algorithm being trained in the inner loop. In what follows, we review the basic formulation of maximum margin structured learning as a convex programming problem before deriving the convex objective and showing how its subgradients can be computed utilizing the specialized inference algorithm inherent to the problem. We finish with theoretical guarantees and some experimental results in two domains: sequence labeling for optical character recognition; and imitation learning for path planning in mobile robot navigation. The former problem is well known to MMSL, but the latter is new to this domain. Indeed, although there is a tractable polynomial sized quadratic programming representation for the problem (Ratliff et al., 2006), solving it directly using one of the previously proposed methods would be intractable practically for reasons similar to those that arise in directly solving the linear programming formulation of Markov Decision Processes.
Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in People With Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, a Scientific Statement of the American Heart Association, and an Expert Consensus Document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with diabetes is substantial. Individuals with diabetes are at 2- to 4-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without diabetes. In diabetic patients over the age of 65 years, 68% of deaths are from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 16% are from stroke.1 A number of mechanisms for the increased cardiovascular risk with diabetes have been proposed, including increased tendency toward intracoronary thrombus formation,2 increased platelet reactivity,3 and worsened endothelial dysfunction.4 The increased risk for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with diabetes has led to considerable interest in identifying effective means for cardiovascular risk reduction. Aspirin has been shown to be effective in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients with myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (secondary prevention). 5 The Food and Drug Administration has not approved aspirin for use in primary prevention, and its net benefit among patients with no previous cardiovascular events is more controversial, for both patients with and without a history of diabetes.5 The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recently updated its recommendation about aspirin use for primary prevention. The Task Force recommended encouraging aspirin use in men age 45–79 years and women age 55–79 years and not encouraging aspirin use in younger adults. They did not differentiate their recommendations based on the presence or absence of diabetes.6,7 In 2007, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) jointly recommended that aspirin therapy (75–162 mg/d) be used as a primary prevention strategy in those with diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk, including those who are over 40 years of age or who have additional risk factors (family history of CVD, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, or albuminuria). 8 These recommendations were derived from several older …
Large-Scale Ocean Heat and Freshwater Transports during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment

Hydrographic sections obtained during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are combined using a geostrophic inverse model to estimate the global-scale horizontal transports and transport divergences of heat and freshwater with self-consistent error bars. The overall results are compared to bulk formula‐derived climatologies and estimates derived from atmospheric reanalyses. At 7.58N in the Atlantic, a previous estimate of the heat transport is modified. A recent atmospheric residual estimate from NCEP and the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) products is consistent with the present results for the heat budget, except at high northern latitudes where it falls outside error estimates. The freshwater transport divergence from hydrography is statistically significant only when integrated over very large areas and difficult to test—as extant climatological estimates differ substantially from each other. Hydrographic estimates can be improved through repeated observations to reduce the temporal aliasing, and by combining more detailed regional estimates using more data types. To permit a formal comparison and assimilation in ocean general circulation models, atmospheric estimates urgently require convincing error estimates for both heat and freshwater transports.
[A clinical study of adult autoimmune hepatitis in Valencia, Spain].

OBJECTIVE the clinical phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) varies among geographical areas. The aim of this study is to determine the salient features of AIH in adult patients from the province of Valencia, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS eighty-one patients with AIH attended to in eight acute-care hospitals between 1994 and 2003. New patients diagnosed with AIH during year 2003 were evaluated prospectively. Data from patients currently attending follow-up visits and diagnosed before 2003 were collected retrospectively. RESULTS a total of 94% of patients were females. Forty-three percent were asymptomatic, 27% had acute hepatitis, and 30% had chronic hepatitis. Type 1 AIH was diagnosed in 90% of cases. Type 2 AIH was more frequent in younger patients, and presented with an acute pattern. One third of patients had cirrhosis at onset. Patients with cirrhosis were older than 60 years more frequently. Immunosuppressants were given to 57 patients, with complete or partial remission in 87.7%. There were no significant differences in response to immunosuppression according to presentation pattern or AIH subtype. CONCLUSIONS AIH in Valencia was predominantly diagnosed in asymptomatic women. Most cases were type 1, and in 25% of patients another autoimmune disease coexisted. At the time of diagnosis one third of patients had cirrhosis, particularly those over 60 years.
Medical devices and the Middle East: market, regulation, and reimbursement in Gulf Cooperation Council states

With some of the richest economies in the world, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is undergoing rapid growth not only in its population but also in health care expenditure. Despite the GCC’s abundance of hydrocarbon-based wealth, the drivers of the medical device industry in the GCC are still in flux, with gains yet to be made in areas of infrastructure, regulation, and reimbursement. However, the regional disease burden, expanding health insurance penetration, increasing privatization, and a desire to attract skilled expatriate health care providers have led to favorable conditions for the medical device market in the GCC. The purpose of this article is to investigate the current state of the GCC medical device industry, with respect to market, regulation, and reimbursement, paying special attention to the three largest medical device markets: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. The GCC would seem to represent fertile ground for the development of medical technologies, especially those in line with the regional health priorities of the respective member states.
A META-ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONAL REASONING TESTS OF AGGRESSION

James et al. (2005) reported an estimate of criterion-related validity (corrected only for dichotomization of criteria) of r = . 44 across 11 conditional reasoning test of aggression (CRT-Aggression) validity studies. This meta-analysis incorporated a total sample size more than twice that of James et al. Our comparable validity estimate for CRT-Aggression scales predicting counterproductive work behaviors was r = . 16. Validity for the current, commercially marketed test version (CRT-A) was lower (r = .10). These validity estimates increased somewhat (into the .24–.26 range) if studies using dichotomous criteria with low base rates were excluded from the meta-analysis. CRT-Aggression scales were correlated r = . 14 with measures of job performance. As we differed with James et al. in some of our coding decisions, we reran all analyses using James et al.'s coding decisions and arrived at extremely similar results.
Potential Drug-drug Interactions in Post-CCU of a Teaching Hospital

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can lead to increased toxicity or reduction in therapeutic efficacy. This study was designed to assess the incidence of potential drug interactions (PDI) and rank their clinical value in post coronary care unit (Post-CCU) of a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. In this prospective study, three pharmacists with supervision of a clinical pharmacist actively gathered necessary information for detection of DDIs. Data were tabulated according to the combinations of drugs in treatment chart. Verification of potential drug interactions was carried out using the online Lexi-Interact™ 2011. A total of 203 patients (113 males and 90 females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 61 ± 12.55 years (range = 26-93). A total of 90 drugs were prescribed to 203 patients and most prescribed drugs were atorvastatin, clopidogrel and metoprolol. Mean of drugs was 11.22 per patient. A total of 3166 potential drug interactions have been identified by Lexi- Interact™, 149 (4.71%) and 55 (1.73%) of which were categorized as D and X, respectively. The most serious interactions were clopidogrel+omeprazole and metoprolol+salbutamol. Drug interactions leading to serious adverse effects are to be cautiously watched for when multiple drugs are used simultaneously. In settings with multiple drug use attendance of a pharmacist or clinical pharmacist, taking the responsibility for monitoring drug interactions and notifying the physician about potential problems could decrease the harm in patient and increase the patient safety.
A facilitative urea transporter is localized in the renal collecting tubule of the dogfish Triakis scyllia

SUMMARY Reabsorption of filtered urea by the kidney tubule is essential for retaining high levels of urea in body fluids of marine elasmobranchs. To elucidate the mechanisms of urea reabsorption, we examined the distribution of a facilitative urea transporter (UT) in the kidney of the dogfish Triakis scyllia. We isolated a cDNA encoding a UT that is homologous to the facilitative UT cloned from another dogfish species, Squalus acanthias. The Triakis UT mRNA is abundantly expressed in the kidney, while low levels of expression were detected in the brain and liver. In the dogfish kidney, each nephron makes four turns and traverses repeatedly between bundle zone and sinus zone. In the bundle zone, the resulting five tubular segments are arranged in a countercurrent loop fashion. Immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies raised against the cloned UT revealed that, among the nephron segments, the UT is expressed exclusively in the final segment of the bundle zone, i.e. in the collecting tubule of the Triakis kidney. In contrast to the limited localization of UT, the transport enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase is distributed in the basolateral membrane of numerous tubular segments both in the sinus zone and the bundle zone. However, in the collecting tubule, Na+/K+-ATPase immunoreactivity was not detected. The present study suggests that the collecting tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of urea in the marine elasmobranch kidney. Other countercurrent segments may contribute to production of a driving force for facilitative diffusion of urea through the UT.
Breaking through memory limitation in GPU parallel processing using Strassen Algorithm

Matrix multiplication is one of the basic operations in linear algebra that mostly used in computer science. For ages, applying naive algorithm to complete it has done it, and it has a standard complexity O(n3). Many researches are concluded to find more efficient and effective algorithm to process this operation, and one day Strassen has one that overcome the naive algorithm complexity with only O(n2.8074). The basic concept of this algorithm is divide and conquer (DnC) but with adjustment, to break the limitation of memory in a GPU computation. An idea to overcome this limit is to combine CPU and GPU processing, which implement Strassen algorithm. This paper shows the result of breaking through GPU memory limitation, checking the accuracy of the algorithm, compare the running time result and the most important thing is to make sure this algorithm can process bigger matrix than the naive one. Through the created charts and tables based on each performances, it showed that the maximum size of data samples that are processed by Strassen Algorithm reach 32.768 for (2n×2n) matrix size, which is bigger than the naive algorithm 8.192 could process. Also for all attempt to matrices with larger than 2048, the running times are way faster, about 0.04 seconds to 0.2 seconds for worst case scenario, and overcome the one with naive algorithm.