Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QoS-Aware Load Balancing in 3GPP Long Term Evolution Multi-Cell Networks

In this paper, we investigate load balancing problem in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and propose our solution which considers users with different Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Load unbalance among neighboring cells often yields negative impacts on user experience and network performance, and it has mainly been considered for only data services without QoS guarantee. However, 3GPP LTE network aims to support multi-class services with different QoS requirements, on which the influence of load unbalance is quite different. For those with minimum rate requirements, it may result in high block probability, while for others without rate requirements, the throughput of boundary users may be degraded. In this paper, we incorporate all the differences into a network utility maximization framework and formulate it as a multi-objective optimization problem. The objectives in the problem are load balancing index of services with QoS requirements and the total utility of other services, and the constraints are physical resource limits and QoS demands. Then we analyze the complexity of the problem, and propose our solution, which includes a QoS guaranteed hybrid scheduling scheme, handover of users with and without QoS requirements, and a call admission control algorithm. Extensive simulation is conducted and the results show that the proposed framework leads to significantly better load balancing, and thus the decrease in call block probability of users with QoS requirements, and the increase in throughput of boundary best effort users.
Gaze-based Detection of Mind Wandering during Lecture Viewing

We investigate the use of consumer-grade eye tracking to automatically detect Mind Wandering (MW) during learning from a recorded lecture, a key component of many Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). We considered two feature sets: stimulus-independent global gaze features (e.g., number of fixations, fixation duration), and stimulus-dependent local features. We trained Bayesian networks using the aforementioned features and students‟ self-reports of MW and validated them in a manner that generalized to new students. Our results indicated that models built with global features (F 1 MW = 0.47) outperformed those using local features (F 1 MW = 0.34) and a chance-level model (F 1 MW = 0.30). We discuss our results in the context of MOOC development as well as integrating MW detection into attention-aware MOOCs.
Pro-Diluvian: Understanding Scoped-Flooding for Content Discovery in Information-Centric Networking

Scoped-flooding is a technique for content discovery in a broad networking context. This paper investigates the effects of scoped-flooding on various topologies in information- centric networking. Using the proposed ring model, we show that flooding can be constrained within a very small neighbourhood to achieve most of the gains which come from areas where the growth rate is relatively low, i.e., the net- work edge. We also study two flooding strategies and com- pare their behaviours. Given that caching schemes favour more popular items in competition for cache space, popular items are expected to be stored in diverse parts of the network compared to the less popular items. We propose to exploit the resulting divergence in availability along with the routers' topological properties to fine tune the flooding radius. Our results shed light on designing efficient con- tent discovery mechanism for future information-centric net- works.
Measuring Readability in Financial Text

We examine readability of company disclosures by applying three different measures to a large sample of 10-Ks during 1994-2007. Our benchmark for readability is the assumption that better written 10-Ks are more informative to the market. We identify substantial measurement issues when using traditional readability measures such as the Fog Index in the context of business text. Our readability measure, derived from SEC documentation surrounding the plain English initiative, appears to better capture text informativeness when compared with traditional measures that were originally designed to identify textbook grade levels. We find significant relations between improved 10-K readability and increased small investor trading, the likelihood of seasoned equity issuance, and better corporate governance.
Estimation of reproducibility and relative validity of the questions included in the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND The EPIC core questionnaire on lifestyle contains a number of questions on physical activity designed to rank subjects according to level of physical activity (short PA questionnaire). These questions are based on a more extensive questionnaire designed to measure absolute total energy expenditure (extensive PA questionnaire), that was validated in a pilot study preceding EPIC. Reproducibility and relative validity of the short PA questionnaire were estimated by selecting, from the pilot study data, the answers to a number of questions from the extensive questionnaire that resembled those actually included in the short version. METHODS The population of the pilot study consisted of 126 men and women aged between 20 and 70 years. Reproducibility was estimated by administering the extensive questionnaire three times: at baseline, and after 5 and 11 months. In order to determine the relative validity of the extensive questionnaire, a 3-day activity diary, repeated four times, was used as the reference method. RESULTS Over the study period (13 months), mean absolute energy expenditure, estimated from the questions included in the short questionnaire, was fairly constant in men but not in women. REPRODUCIBILITY: Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.47 to 0.89 in men, and from 0.49 to 0.81 in women. RELATIVE VALIDITY: Spearman correlation coefficients between the short questionnaire and the diary were between 0.32 and 0.81 for men, and between 0.28 and 0.72 for women. CONCLUSIONS The questions selected for the short questionnaire are not suitable for estimating energy expenditure at an absolute level. Reproducibility and relative validity of the ranking of subjects seemed satisfactory and comparable to the extensive questionnaire. The results imply that the short questionnaire is suitable for ranking subjects in the EPIC study.
Yeast Gcn5 functions in two multisubunit complexes to acetylate nucleosomal histones: characterization of an Ada complex and the SAGA (Spt/Ada) complex.

The transcriptional adaptor protein Gcn5 has been identified as a nuclear histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Although recombinant yeast Gcn5 efficiently acetylates free histones, it fails to acetylate histones contained in nucleosomes, indicating that additional components are required for acetylation of chromosomal histones. We report here that Gcn5 functions as a catalytic subunit in two high-molecular-mass native HAT complexes, with apparent molecular masses of 0.8 and 1.8 megadalton (MD), respectively, which acetylate nucleosomal histones. Both the 0.8- and 1.8-MD Gcn5-containing complexes cofractionate with Ada2 and are lost in gcn5delta, ada2delta, or ada3delta yeast strains, illustrating that these HAT complexes are bona fide native Ada-transcriptional adaptor complexes. Importantly, the 1.8-MD adaptor/HAT complex also contains Spt gene products that are linked to TATA-binding protein (TBP) function. This complex is lost in spt20/ada5delta and spt7delta strains and Spt3, Spt7, Spt20/Ada5, Ada2, and Gcn5 all copurify with this nucleosomal HAT complex. Therefore, the 1.8-MD adaptor/HAT complex illustrates an interaction between Ada and Spt gene products and confirms the existence of a complex containing the TBP group of Spt proteins as demonstrated by genetic and biochemical studies. We have named this novel transcription regulatory complex SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase). The function of Gcn5 as a histone acetyltransferase within the Ada and SAGA adaptor complexes indicates the importance of histone acetylation during steps in transcription activation mediated by interactions with transcription activators and general transcription factors (i.e., TBP).
An Audit on the Appropriateness of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Referrals in a Tertiary Cardiac Center

Background: In response to growing concerns regarding the overuse of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the clinical setting, multiple societies, including the American College of Cardiology Foundation, have jointly published revised criteria regarding the appropriate use of this imaging modality. However, previous research indicates significant discrepancies in the rate of adherence to these guidelines. Aim: To assess the appropriateness of CCTA referrals in a tertiary cardiac center in Bahrain. Methods: This retrospective clinical audit examined the records of patients referred to CCTA between the April 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 in Mohammed bin Khalifa Cardiac Center. Using information from medical records, each case was meticulously audited against guidelines to categorize it as appropriate, inappropriate, or uncertain. Results: Of the 234 records examined, 176 (75.2%) were appropriate, 47 (20.1%) were uncertain, and 11 (4.7%) were inappropriate. About 74.4% of all referrals were to investigate coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common indication that was deemed appropriate was the detection of CAD in the setting of suspected ischemic equivalent in patients with an intermediate pretest probability of CAD (65.9%). Most referrals deemed inappropriate were requested to detect CAD in asymptomatic patients at low or intermediate risk of CAD (63.6%). Conclusion: This audit demonstrates a relatively low rate of inappropriate CCTA referrals, indicating the appropriate and efficient use of this resource in the Mohammed bin Khalifa Cardiac Center. Agreement on and reclassification of “uncertain” cases by guideline authorities would facilitate a deeper understanding of referral appropriateness.
Synaesthetic colours do not camouflage form in visual search

One of the major issues in synaesthesia research is to identify the level of processing involved in the formation of the subjective colours experienced by synaesthetes: are they perceptual phenomena or are they due to memory and association learning? To address this question, we tested whether the colours reported by a group of grapheme-colour synaesthetes (previously studied in an functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment) influenced them in a visual search task. As well as using a condition where synaesthetic colours should have aided visual search, we introduced a condition where the colours experienced by synaesthetes would be expected to make them worse than controls. We found no evidence for differences between synaesthetes and normal controls, either when colours should have helped them or where they should have hindered. We conclude that the colours reported by our population of synaesthetes are not equivalent to perceptual signals, but arise at a cognitive level where they are unable to affect visual search.
Low-frequency limited-view inverse scattering from thin electromagnetic inclusions

In this contribution, we consider a limited-view inverse scattering from thin, arc-like electromagnetic inclusions. For this purpose, a non-iterative algorithm operating at multiple time-harmonic frequencies is used to find such points of inclusion and generate a good initial guess. With this guess, a level set strategy is applied to retrieve the complete shape of the unknown thin inclusion. The approaches proposed here are in line with recent investigations as described in [5], [7]. Numerical simulations will exhibit that this algorithm performs satisfactorily even with the presence of a moderate quantity of random noise on the data.
A Solution to Plato's Problem: The Latent Semantic Analysis Theory of Acquisition, Induction, and Representation of Knowledge.

How do people know as much as they do with as little information as they get? The problem takes many forms; learning vocabulary from text is an especially dramatic and convenient case for research. A new general theory of acquired similarity and knowledge representation, latent semantic analysis (LSA), is presented and used to successfully simulate such learning and several other psycholinguistic phenomena. By inducing global knowledge indirectly from local co-occurrence data in a large body of representative text, LSA acquired knowledge about the full vocabulary of English at a comparable rate to schoolchildren. LSA uses no prior linguistic or perceptual similarity knowledge; it is based solely on a general mathematical learning method that achieves powerful inductive effects by extracting the right number of dimensions (e.g., 300) to represent objects and contexts. Relations to other theories, phenomena, and problems are sketched.
Video instructions improve accuracy of self-measures of waist circumference compared with written instructions

Abstract Objective To determine whether video-based instructions improve the accuracy of self-measures of waist and hip circumference compared with written instructions. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Self-measurements of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) of fifty-seven participants randomly allocated to receive either written instruction or video instruction were compared with those of a trained technician. Setting Aberdeen, Scotland, and Brussels, Belgium, between February and April 2010. Subjects Adults aged 18–62 years with a high level of English language and no prior training in anthropometry. Results WC was significantly overestimated by the written method (1·75 cm bias; P = 0·007) but not the video method (0·95 cm bias; P = 0·239). HC was significantly underestimated in both written (−0·35 cm bias; P = 0·009) and video methods (−0·75 cm bias; P = 0·046). Reliability was not significantly affected by age, sex, BMI or WC. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated wide limits of agreement for WC (−6·83, 6·08 cm for written method; −10·14, 6·72 cm for video method) and HC (−12·85, 1·60 cm for written method; −10·82, 2·50 cm for video method). Conclusions Video technology can support more accurate self-measurements of anthropometric data in epidemiological studies. Further research is warranted using larger and more heterogeneous samples in order that results can be generalised.
Arterial smooth muscle cells express platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A chain mRNA, secrete a PDGF-like mitogen, and bind exogenous PDGF in a phenotype- and growth state-dependent manner

Adult rat arterial smooth muscle cells are shown to express platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF) A chain mRNA, to secrete a PDGF-like mitogen, and to bind exogenous PDGF in a phenotype- and growth state- dependent manner. In the intact aortic media, where the cells are in a contractile phenotype, only minute amounts of PDGF A chain and no B chain (c-sis) RNA were detected. After cultivation and modulation of the cells into a synthetic phenotype, the A chain gene was distinctly expressed, whereas the B chain gene remained unexpressed. Cells kept in serum-free medium on a substrate of plasma fibronectin showed high levels of A chain RNA and high PDGF receptor activity, but did not secrete detectable amounts of PDGF-like mitogen. After exposure to PDGF, which is itself sufficient to initiate DNA synthesis and mitosis in these cells, a PDGF-like mitogen was released into the extracellular medium. Concomitantly, the amount of A chain transcripts per cell and the ability of the cells to bind radioactive PDGF decreased. Similarly, smooth muscle cells initially grown in the presence of serum released more PDGF-like mitogen, contained fewer A chain transcripts, and bound more radioactive PDGF in proliferating than in stationary cultures. The findings confirm the notion that adult rat arterial smooth muscle cells are able to promote their own growth in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Furthermore, they reveal some basic principles in the control of this process.
The Effect of Oral Antidiabetic Agents on A1C Levels

OBJECTIVE Previous reviews of the effect of oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents on A1C levels summarized studies with varying designs and methodological approaches. Using predetermined methodological criteria, we evaluated the effect of OAD agents on A1C levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from 1980 through May 2008. Reference lists from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines were also reviewed. Two evaluators independently selected and reviewed eligible studies. RESULTS A total of 61 trials reporting 103 comparisons met the selection criteria, which included 26,367 study participants, 15,760 randomized to an intervention drug(s), and 10,607 randomized to placebo. Most OAD agents lowered A1C levels by 0.5−1.25%, whereas thiazolidinediones and sulfonylureas lowered A1C levels by ∼1.0–1.25%. By meta-regression, a 1% higher baseline A1C level predicted a 0.5 (95% CI 0.1–0.9) greater reduction in A1C levels after 6 months of OAD agent therapy. No clear effect of diabetes duration on the change in A1C with therapy was noted. CONCLUSIONS The benefit of initiating an OAD agent is most apparent within the first 4 to 6 months, with A1C levels unlikely to fall more than 1.5% on average. Pretreated A1C levels have a modest effect on the fall of A1C levels in response to treatment.
Learning a common dictionary over a sensor network

We consider the problem of distributed dictionary learning, where a set of nodes is required to collectively learn a common dictionary from noisy measurements. This approach may be useful in several contexts including sensor networks. Diffusion cooperation schemes have been proposed to solve the distributed linear regression problem. In this work we focus on a diffusion-based adaptive dictionary learning strategy: each node records independent observations and cooperates with its neighbors by sharing its local dictionary. The resulting algorithm corresponds to a distributed alternate optimization. Beyond dictionary learning, this strategy could be adapted to many matrix factorization problems in various settings. We illustrate its efficiency on some numerical experiments.
COLLOCATION-AIDED ADJUSTMENT OF HETEROGENEOUS MODELS FOR SATELLITE IMAGES

: The geometric correction for satellite images is an important task in remote sensor applications. The geometric correction methods for satellite images include rigorous sensor model (RSM) and rational function model (RFM). RSM describes the relationship between object points and image coordinates through exterior orientation parameters (EOPs). RFM uses the Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) to transform object coordinates into image space. Thus, treated parameters in the block adjustment for those two models are heterogeneous. In fact, the availability of those parameters is satellite dependent. Thus, the heterogeneous models between RSM and RFM should be combined in the block adjustment when those two types of images are integrated. Considering the global geometry, the block adjustment for all images is to keep the geometrical registration consistent. There might still remain local systematic errors. Thus, this paper proposes a collocation-aided block adjustment for multi-sensor images. The Direct Georeferencing, which is one of RSM, and the RFM are combined a mathematical model for block adjustment. Then the least squares collocation is included to compensate the systematic errors for those heterogeneous models. Besides, to adapt for the weakly convergent geometry, which happens frequently, a digital elevation model is employed as the elevation control in the block adjustment. The test data set includes GeoEye, QuickBird, WorldView-1, Kompsat-2, and Formosat-2 satellite images. The validation includes the checks for absolute accuracy and relative discrepancy among those images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed block adjustment significantly improved both the absolute accuracy and relative discrepancy.
Learning to Map into a Universal POS Tagset

We present an automatic method for mapping language-specific part-of-speech tags to a set of universal tags. This unified representation plays a crucial role in cross-lingual syntactic transfer of multilingual dependency parsers. Until now, however, such conversion schemes have been created manually. Our central hypothesis is that a valid mapping yields POS annotations with coherent linguistic properties which are consistent across source and target languages. We encode this intuition in an objective function that captures a range of distributional and typological characteristics of the derived mapping. Given the exponential size of the mapping space, we propose a novel method for optimizing over soft mappings, and use entropy regularization to drive those towards hard mappings. Our results demonstrate that automatically induced mappings rival the quality of their manually designed counterparts when evaluated in the context of multilingual parsing.
Computerized Video Time-Lapse (CVTL) Analysis of the Fate of Giant Cells Produced by X-Irradiating EJ30 Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells

Abstract Prieur-Carrillo, G. , Chu, K. , Lindqvist, J. and Dewey, W. C. Computerized Video Time-Lapse (CVTL) Analysis of the Fate of Giant Cells Produced by X-Irradiating EJ30 Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Radiat. Res. 159, 705–712 (2003). This study was designed to examine the viability and proliferation of uninucleated and multinucleated giant cells formed after 6 Gy X irradiation. The pedigrees of 102 individual EJ30 giant cells present 5 days after irradiation were analyzed from time-lapse movies captured over 6.3 days from 100 fields (100×). Pedigree analysis enabled us to study the proliferation of giant cells. The average starting size (area) of the giant cells (14500 ± 9100 μm2) was ∼25 times larger than the normal-sized cells observed after irradiation (560 ± 200 μm2). From a total of 76 pedigrees of uninucleated giant cells, 42 had giant cells that either died or were arrested, while 34 divided at least once and produced progeny that divided again (five three times and three four times) before the progeny died or were arrested. Twenty-four pedigrees contained progeny that were lost from observation after dividing at least once. While most progeny continued to have giant cell morphology, two uninucleated giant cells ultimately produced progeny that contained two normal-sized cells. From a total of 26 multinucleated giant cells, only three divided. Two divided only once, but one produced progeny that divided two times. In all, 37 out of 102 giant cells divided at least once; eight of these divided four or five times with two of these pedigrees ultimately producing two normal-sized daughter cells. These results suggest that a small fraction of giant cells might be potentially clonogenic.
Antilisterial Activity of Plantaricin UG1 during Manufacture of Zabady and Kareesh Cheese: Two Arabian Dairy Products

Here, plantaricin UG1 was shown to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes LMG10470 (L. monocytogenes) cells. The inhibition was not caused by lactic acid produced by the bacteriocin producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum UG1 (Lact. plantarum). Partially purified plantaricin UG1 had a higher antilisterial activity than Lact. plantarum cells in both Zabady and Kareesh cheese samples during their maturation. Compared to the antilisterial activity in Kareesh cheese, plantaricin UG1 showed a faster effect during Zabady manufacture.