Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appalachian State University

1. Acknowledges young adolescence as a distinct and critical developmental stage in human development. (adolescent development) 2. Understands that individual and groups of young adolescents exhibit a wide range of physical (including sexual), cognitive-intellectual, moral, psychological, and socialemotional development and that these areas of development are intertwined. (individual differences) 3. Recognizes that young adolescents desire positive relationships with caring adults and opportunities for informal interactions and conversations with them. (adult interactions) 4. Recognizes the importance of activities fostering young adolescents’ interpersonal, community, and societal responsibilities. (adolescents and responsibility) 5. Recognizes that early adolescence is a crucial period for developing healthy personal habits. (health and adolescents) 6. Recognizes the importance of understanding and valuing their students’ families, including their cultural backgrounds; academic expectations; family structures, rules, and schedules; and values and priorities. (family)
Which are the male factors associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD)?

It has been generally assumed that partner's erectile dysfunction, premature, and delayed ejaculation play a significant role in determining female sexual dysfunction (FSD). This study aimed to evaluate the role of the male partner's sexual function, as perceived by women, in determining FSD. A consecutive series of 156 heterosexual women consulting our clinic for FSD was retrospectively studied. All patients underwent a structured interview and completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).
Learning Structured Representation for Text Classification via Reinforcement Learning

Representation learning is a fundamental problem in natural language processing. This paper studies how to learn a structured representation for text classification. Unlike most existing representation models that either use no structure or rely on pre-specified structures, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) method to learn sentence representation by discovering optimized structures automatically. We demonstrate two attempts to build structured representation: Information Distilled LSTM (ID-LSTM) and Hierarchically Structured LSTM (HS-LSTM). ID-LSTM selects only important, task-relevant words, and HS-LSTM discovers phrase structures in a sentence. Structure discovery in the two representation models is formulated as a sequential decision problem: current decision of structure discovery affects following decisions, which can be addressed by policy gradient RL. Results show that our method can learn task-friendly representations by identifying important words or task-relevant structures without explicit structure annotations, and thus yields competitive performance.
Deep Neural Networks Reveal a Gradient in the Complexity of Neural Representations across the Ventral Stream

Converging evidence suggests that the primate ventral visual pathway encodes increasingly complex stimulus features in downstream areas. We quantitatively show that there indeed exists an explicit gradient for feature complexity in the ventral pathway of the human brain. This was achieved by mapping thousands of stimulus features of increasing complexity across the cortical sheet using a deep neural network. Our approach also revealed a fine-grained functional specialization of downstream areas of the ventral stream. Furthermore, it allowed decoding of representations from human brain activity at an unsurpassed degree of accuracy, confirming the quality of the developed approach. Stimulus features that successfully explained neural responses indicate that population receptive fields were explicitly tuned for object categorization. This provides strong support for the hypothesis that object categorization is a guiding principle in the functional organization of the primate ventral stream.
The shadowy side of innovation: unmaking and sustainability

Transitions towards more sustainable ways of life depend on the development or reintroduction of lower carbon sociotechnical arrangements and the demise of other more resource intensive configurations. Within the fields of innovation studies and transitions theory, processes of emergence and stabilisation are better documented and more widely discussed than those of disappearance, partial continuity and resurrection. In this article I refer to the recent history of cycling in the UK and in other European countries, using this as a means of identifying questions that lie at the margins of current debate but that are important in understanding how incoming and outgoing configurations co-exist, how dormant remains of past regimes come back to life, and how innovation journeys start over again. I argue that there are new questions to be found in the shadows of innovation studies, and that these are important for academics and policy makers interested in developing and promoting more sustainable sociotechnical systems, aspects of which are foreshadowed by ways of the past.
Characterization of a Highly Enriched Microbial Consortium Reductively Dechlorinating 2,3-Dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol and the Corresponding cprA Genes from River Sediment

Abstract Anaerobic reductive dechlorination of 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6TCP) was investigated in microcosms from River Nile sediment. A stable sediment-free anaerobic microbial consortium reductively dechlorinating 2,3DCP and 2,4,6TCP was established. Defined sediment-free cultures showing stable dechlorination were restricted to ortho chlorine when enriched with hydrogen as the electron donor, acetate as the carbon source, and either 2,3-DCP or 2,4,6-TCP as electron acceptors. When acetate, formate, or pyruvate were used as electron donors, dechlorination activity was lost. Only lactate can replace dihydrogen as an electron donor. However, the dechlorination potential was decreased after successive transfers. To reveal chlororespiring species, the microbial community structure of chlorophenol-reductive dechlorinating enrichment cultures was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Eight dominant bacteria were detected in the dechlorinating microcosms including members of the genera Citrobac- ter, Geobacter, Pseudomonas, Desulfitobacterium, Desulfovibrio and Clostridium. Highly enriched dechlorinating cultures were dominated by four bacterial species belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Desulfitobacterium, and Clostridium. Desulfitobacterium represented the major fraction in DGGE profiles indicating its importance in dechlorination activity, which was further confirmed by its absence resulting in complete loss of dechlorination. Reductive dechlorination was confirmed by the stoichiometric dechlorination of 2,3DCP and 2,4,6TCP to metabolites with less chloride groups and by the detection of chlorophenol RD cprA gene fragments in dechlorinating cultures. PCR amplified cprA gene fragments were cloned and sequenced and found to cluster with the cprA/pceA type genes of Dehalobacter restrictus.
Input Stage-1 : Regression Stage-2 : Contextual Copy-Pasting qi pi [ ] ... Pixel Representation

We present a simple nearest-neighbor (NN) approach that synthesizes highfrequency photorealistic images from an “incomplete” signal such as a lowresolution image, a surface normal map, or edges. Current state-of-the-art deep generative models designed for such conditional image synthesis lack two important things: (1) they are unable to generate a large set of diverse outputs, due to the mode collapse problem. (2) they are not interpretable, making it difficult to control the synthesized output. We demonstrate that NN approaches potentially address such limitations, but suffer in accuracy on small datasets. We design a simple pipeline that combines the best of both worlds: the first stage uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to map the input to a (overly-smoothed) image, and the second stage uses a pixel-wise nearest neighbor method to map the smoothed output to multiple high-quality, high-frequency outputs in a controllable manner. Importantly, pixel-wise matching allows our method to compose novel high-frequency content by cutting-and-pasting pixels from different training exemplars. We demonstrate our approach for various input modalities, and for various domains ranging from human faces, pets, shoes, and handbags.
DRUGS THAT INTERACT IN THE DNA MINOR GROOVE

Recognition of DNA by ligands and the interactions with the minor groove of DNA is a topic of growing inter-est in the fields of Chemistry, Biology and Medicine. Some of these compounds are sequence-selective DNA-interactive agents that bind covalently to guanine bases within the minor groove of DNA, modulating the activity of transcription factors or genes. In this regard, pyrrolo[2,1- c ][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are of particular interest, as they recognize specific sequences of DNA and they have both antibacterial properties and selective cytotoxicity towards tumour cells. Naturally occurring PBDs (e.g. anthramycin) were originally isolated from a fermentation broth of various species of Streptomyces, although recently discovered limaz-epines A-F come from Micrococcus species. The second generation of PBDs, which is formed by dimers, has enhanced sequence selectivity and form both interstrand and intrastrand cross-links that are more difficult for tumour cells to repair, resulting in an increased cytotoxicity . As PBDs have attracted many chemists over the last few years, a wide range of analogues have been synthesized. It becomes necessary to outline the PBD dimer named SJG-136, which is the lead candidate currently undergoing pharmacology and toxicology studies due to its in vitro and in vivo activity against cancer cells.
Psychosocial risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in elderly persons: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study.

BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors have been associated with metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study investigated the cross-sectional relationship between psychosocial risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in a community-based sample of older persons. METHODS Participants were 2917 persons aged 70-79 years enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, negative life events, and inadequate emotional support were assessed, and a summary psychosocial risk index was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined as three or more of the following criteria: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high fasting glucose, and high blood pressure. RESULTS Negative life events and inadequate emotional support increased the odds of having metabolic syndrome after adjustment for demographic and lifestyle variables (odds ratio [OR] per life event = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.22; OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.66, respectively). The relationship between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome was only found in white (OR per standard deviation [SD] = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01-1.23), but not in black (OR per SD = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.86-1.11) persons. Anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in men (OR per SD = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00-1.28), but not in women (OR per SD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.89-1.08). Moreover, a higher score on the psychosocial risk index was associated with an increased probability of having the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12-1.52). CONCLUSIONS In the elderly population, different psychosocial risk factors are associated with a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Whether reduction or better management of psychosocial risk factors can improve the metabolic profile remains to be demonstrated.
The Citicholinage Study: Citicoline Plus Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Aged Patients Affected with Alzheimer's Disease Study.

BACKGROUND Citicoline can have beneficial effects both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline in a variety of ways (apoptosis inhibition, neuroplasticity potentiation, phospholipid, and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). When co-administered with cholinergic precursors, they are able to increase the intrasynaptic levels of ACh more than when the single drugs given alone. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to show the effectiveness of oral citicoline plus AChEIs in patients affected with AD. METHODS This was a retrospective multi-centric case-control study, involving seven Centers for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Italy, on 448 consecutive patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD. 197 patients were treated with an AChEI while 251 were treated with an AchEI + citicoline 1000 mg/day given orally. Cognitive functions were assessed by MMSE, daily life functions by ADL and IADL, behavioral symptoms by NPI, comorbidities by CIRS, and mood by GDS-short form. Tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 3 (T1), and 9 months (T2). The primary outcomes were effects of combined administration versus AChEIs given alone on cognitive functions assessed by MMSE. The secondary outcomes were possible side effects or adverse events of combination therapy versus AChEIs alone. RESULTS Patients treated with citicoline plus an AChEI showed a statistically significant increase in MMSE between T0 and T1 (16.88±3.38 versus 17.62±3.64; p = 0.000) and between T1 and T2 (17.62±3.64 versus 17.89±3.54; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION The present study encourages the role of combined administration in disease management by slowing disease progression.
Increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity heighten cardiovascular risk, althogh whether such autonomic dysfunction is present in RA is not known. In the present study, we observed an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in patients with RA compared to matched controls. Pain was positively correlated with sympathetic nerve activity and negatively correlated with cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. The pattern of autonomic dysfunction that we describe may help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk in RA, and raises the possibility that optimizing pain management may resolve autonomic dysfunction in RA.
A global diatom database – abundance, biovolume and biomass in the world ocean

Phytoplankton identification and abundance data are now commonly feeding plankton distribution databases worldwide. This study is a first attempt to compile the largest possible body of data available from different databases as well as from individual published or unpublished datasets regarding diatom distribution in the world ocean. The data obtained originate from time series studies as well as spatial studies. This effort is supported by the Marine Ecosystem Model Inter-Comparison Project (MAREMIP), which aims at building consistent datasets for the main Plankton Functional Types (PFT) in order to help validate biogeochemical ocean models by using carbon (C) biomass derived from abundance data. In this study we collected over 293 000 individual geo-referenced data points with diatom abundances from bottle and net sampling. Sampling site distribution was not homogeneous, with 58% of data in the Atlantic, 20% in the Arctic, 12% in the Pacific, 8% in the Indian and 1% in the Southern Ocean. A total of 136 different genera and 607 different species were identified after spell checking and name correction. Only a small fraction of these data were also documented for biovolumes and an even smaller fraction was converted to C biomass. As it is virtually impossible to reconstruct everyone's method for biovolume calculation, which is usually not indicated in the datasets, we decided to undertake the effort to document, for every distinct species, the minimum and maximum cell dimensions, and to convert all the available abundance data into biovolumes and C biomass using a single standardized method. Statistical correction of the database was also adopted to exclude potential outliers and suspicious data points. The final database contains 90 648 data points with converted C biomass. Diatom C biomass calculated from cell sizes spans over eight orders of magnitude. The mean diatom biomass for individual locations, dates and depths is 141.19 μg C l−1, while the median value is 11.16 μg C l−1. Regarding biomass distribution, 19% of data are in the range 0-1 μg C l−1, 29% in the range 1-10 μg C l−1, 31% in the range 10-100 μg C l−1, 18% in the range 100-1000 μg C l−1, and only 3% >1000 μg C l−1. Interestingly, less than 50 species contributed to >90% of global biomass, among which centric species were dominant. Thus, placing significant efforts on cell size measurements, process studies and C quota calculations on these species should considerably improve biomass estimates in the upcoming years. A first-order estimate of the diatom biomass for the global ocean ranges from 449 to 558 Tg C, which converts to 5 to 6 Tmol Si and to an average Si biomass turnover rate of 0.11 to 0.20 d−1. Link to the dataset: preliminary link
Twelve-month-olds understand social intentions based on prosody and gesture shape

Infants infer social and pragmatic intentions underlying attention-directing gestures, but the basis on which infants make these inferences is not well understood. Previous studies suggest that infants rely on information from preceding shared action contexts and joint perceptual scenes. Here, we tested whether 12-month-olds use information from act-accompanying cues, in particular prosody and hand shape, to guide their pragmatic understanding. In Experiment 1, caregivers directed infants’ attention to an object to request it, share interest in it, or inform them about a hidden aspect. Caregivers used distinct prosodic and gestural patterns to express each pragmatic intention. Experiment 2 was identical except that experimenters provided identical lexical information across conditions and used three sets of trained prosodic and gestural patterns. In all conditions, the joint perceptual scenes and preceding shared action contexts were identical. In both experiments, infants reacted appropriately to the adults’ intentions by attending to the object mostly in the sharing interest condition, offering the object mostly in the imperative condition, and searching for the referent mostly in the informing condition. Infants’ ability to comprehend pragmatic intentions based on prosody and gesture shape expands infants’ communicative understanding from common activities to novel situations for which shared background knowledge is missing.
Complexation of oxethazaine with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin: increased drug solubility, decreased cytotoxicity and analgesia at inflamed tissues

Oxethazaine (OXZ) is one of the few local anaesthetics that provides analgesia at low pH, but presents poor solubility, cytotoxicity and no parenteral formulations. To address these issues, we aimed to prepare OXZ host‐guest inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD).
Comprehensive molecular diagnosis of a large cohort of Japanese retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome patients by next-generation sequencing.

PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a major cause of blindness in developed countries, has multiple causative genes; its prevalence differs by ethnicity. Usher syndrome is the most common form of syndromic RP and is accompanied by hearing impairment. Although molecular diagnosis is challenging, recent technological advances such as targeted high-throughput resequencing are efficient screening tools. METHODS We performed comprehensive molecular testing in 329 Japanese RP and Usher syndrome patients by using a custom capture panel that covered the coding exons and exon/intron boundaries of all 193 known inherited eye disease genes combined with Illumina HiSequation 2500. Candidate variants were screened using systematic data analyses, and their potential pathogenicity was assessed according to the frequency of the variants in normal populations, in silico prediction tools, and compatibility with known phenotypes or inheritance patterns. RESULTS Molecular diagnoses were made in 115/317 RP patients (36.3%) and 6/12 Usher syndrome patients (50%). We identified 104 distinct mutations, including 66 novel mutations. EYS, USH2A, and RHO were common causative genes. In particular, mutations in EYS accounted for 15.0% of the autosomal recessive/simplex RP patients or 10.7% of the entire RP cohort. Among the 189 previously reported mutations detected in the current study, 55 (29.1%) were found commonly in Japanese or other public databases and were excluded from molecular diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS By screening a large cohort of patients, this study catalogued the genetic variations involved in RP and Usher syndrome in a Japanese population and highlighted the different distribution of causative genes among populations.
Dietary fat intakes for pregnant and lactating women

Consensus recommendations on behalf of the European Commission research projects Perinatal Lipid Metabolism (PeriLip; www.perilip.org) and Early Nutrition Programming (EARNEST; www.metabolic-programming.org), developed jointly with representatives of the Child Health Foundation (Stiftung Kindergesundheit; www.kindergesundheit.de), the Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group (DPSG; www.medfak.uu.se/dpsg), the European Association of Perinatal Medicine (EAPM; www.europerinatal.com), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN; www.espen.org), the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Committee on Nutrition (ESPGHAN; www.espghan.org), the International Federation of Placenta Associations (IFPA; http://aculeate.hopto.org/IFPA) and the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL; email www.issfal.org.uk). Members of the Perinatal Lipid Intake Working Group Gioia Alvino, Juliana von Berlepsch, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Tom Clandinin, Hildegard Debertina, Tamás Decsi, Hans Demmelmaira, Gernot Desoyebc, Veronika Dietz, Peter Dodds, Pauline Emmett, Fabio Facchinettid, Matthew W. Gillman, Joachim Heinrich, Emilio Herrerab, Irene Hoesli, William C. Heird, Matthew Hyde, Kirsi Laitinen, John Laws, Elvira Larqué Daza, Iliana Lopez-Soldado, Maria Makrides, Kim Fleischer Michaelsene, Sjurdur Olsen, Henar Ortega, Guy Putet, Imogen Rogers, Paola Roggero, Lubos Sobotkaf, Hania Szajewskag, Hope Weiler. (Representing: aChild Health Foundation, bDPSG, cIFPA, dEAPM, eISSFAL, fESPEN, gESPGHAN.) Dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation affects pregnancy outcomes and child growth, development and health. The European Commission charged the research project PERILIP, jointly with the Early Nutrition Programming Project, to develop recommendations on dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation. Literature reviews were performed and a consensus conference held with international experts in the field, including representatives of international scientific associations. The adopted conclusions include: dietary fat intake in pregnancy and lactation (energy%) should be as recommended for the general population; pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average dietary intake of at least 200 mg DHA/d; intakes of up to 1 g/d DHA or 2·7 g/d n-3 long-chain PUFA have been used in randomized clinical trials without significant adverse effects; women of childbearing age should aim to consume one to two portions of sea fish per week, including oily fish; intake of the DHA precursor, α-linolenic acid, is far less effective with regard to DHA deposition in fetal brain than preformed DHA; intake of fish or other sources of long-chain n-3 fatty acids results in a slightly longer pregnancy duration; dietary inadequacies should be screened for during pregnancy and individual counselling be offered if needed.