Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Participation in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Community-Based Study

Background— Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for all patients after coronary artery bypass surgery, yet little is known about the long-term mortality effects of CR in this population. Methods and Results— We performed a community-based analysis on residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery between 1996 and 2007. We assessed the association between subsequent outpatient CR attendance and long-term survival. Propensity analysis was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression was then used to assess the association between CR attendance and all-cause mortality adjusted for the propensity to attend CR. We identified 846 eligible patients (age 66±11 years, 76% men, and 96% non-Hispanic whites) who survived at least 6 months after surgery, of whom 582 (69%) attended CR. During a mean (±SD) follow-up of 9.0±3.7 years, the 10-year all-cause Kaplan-Meier mortality rate was 28% (193 deaths). Adjusted for the propensity to attend CR, participation in CR was associated with a 10-year relative risk reduction in all-cause mortality of 46% (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.74; P<0.001) and a 10-year absolute risk reduction of 12.7% (number needed to treat=8). There was no evidence of a differential effect of CR on mortality with respect to age (≥65 versus <65 years), sex, diabetes, or prior myocardial infarction. Conclusions— CR attendance is associated with a significant reduction in 10-year all-cause mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Our results strongly support national standards that recommend CR for this patient group.
Role of Time-of-Day of Hypertension Treatment on the J-Shaped Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk

Several previous studies found that too great a reduction of clinic blood pressure (BP) by treatment increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, whereas moderate reduction decreased it. Thus, it has been suggested that the relationship between BP and CVD events is J-shaped, with CVD risk decreasing as BP is lowered, and then rising as BP is further decreased. Correlation between BP level and CVD risk, however, is stronger for ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) than clinical BP measurements. We previously established that the hypertension treatment-time regimen, upon awakening versus at bedtime, exerts differential effect on BP control during the day and nighttime, which translates into a differential degree of CVD risk prevention. We, therefore, investigated the role of hypertension treatment-time scheme on the nature of the relationship between achieved clinic and ambulatory BP and CVD risk in the MAPEC (Monitorización Ambulatoria para Predicción de Eventos Cardiovasculares, i.e., Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Prediction of Cardiovascular Events) study, a prospective, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial on 2156 hypertensive patients (1044 men/1112 women), 55.6 ± 13.6 (mean ± SD) yrs of age, randomized to ingest all prescribed once-a-day hypertension medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of ≥1 of them at bedtime. Ambulatory BP was measured for 48-h at baseline and annually thereafter, and more frequently (quarterly) when adjustment of treatment was necessary. After a median follow-up of 5.6 yrs, a J-shaped relationship was detected between total CVD events and clinic as well as awake BP mean, but only for the group of patients ingesting all medications upon awakening. The relationship was different in the group of patients who ingested ≥1 medications at bedtime; the risk of CVD events progressively diminished in a linear, rather than J-shaped, manner with treatment-induced decrease in awake BP mean. The adjusted hazard ratio of CVD events was significantly lower with the progressive reduction in the asleep BP mean, independent of the hypertension treatment-time regimen. There was no single major event, i.e., CVD death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, in patients who achieved an asleep systolic BP mean <103 mm Hg. Our findings indicate that bedtime hypertension treatment is not associated with a J-shaped relationship between achieved BP and CVD risk. The decreased CVD risk associated with the progressive reduction in asleep BP, more feasible by bedtime than morning hypertension treatment, has clinical implications, in particular, the need to consider the proper timing of hypertension medications, in conjunction with ABPM for proper assessment of BP control, as an improved and potentially safer means of reducing CVD risk of hypertensive patients. (Author correspondence: rhermida@uvigo.es)
Supplemental Lactoferrin Improves Health and Growth of Holstein Calves during the Preweaning Phase,

Abstract Lactoferrin is a milk protein that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Previous studies indicated that supplemental lactoferrin may alter the microbial populations in the gut of nonruminants and increase preweaning weight gains in calves. In the present study, 40 Holstein calves were used to examine the effects of supplemental lactoferrin (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/d) on health, growth, and feed intake from 3 d of age to 2 wk postweaning. Lactoferrin was mixed and fed with a nonmedicated milk replacer. Calves were housed in individual pens and offered a textured, nonmedicated starter and water for ad libitum consumption. Body weight and heart girth were measured weekly. Intakes of milk replacer and starter were determined daily. Fecal consistency was monitored three times per week. Calves were weaned when they met certain criteria based on body weight gain and starter intake. Preweaning fecal score responded quadratically, with the group fed 1 g/d of lactoferrin having the lowest score. Overall and preweaning number of days medicated responded in the same manner as fecal score. Preweaning average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio increased linearly with lactoferrin supplementation, whereas postweaning gain-to-feed ratio decreased linearly with lactoferrin. Overall average daily heart girth gain increased linearly with lactoferrin. Body weight, weaning age, and dry matter intake were not different among treatments. Based on the observed improved gain-to-feed ratios, increased average daily gains, improved fecal scores, and reduced morbidity in preweaned calves, it appears that lactoferrin may be a beneficial supplement in the diets of neonatal calves prior to weaning.
Randomized Comparison of Distal Protection With a Filter-Based Catheter and a Balloon Occlusion and Aspiration System During Percutaneous Intervention of Diseased Saphenous Vein Aorto-Coronary Bypass Grafts

Background—The high rate of periprocedural complications resulting from atherothrombotic embolization after percutaneous intervention in diseased saphenous vein grafts is reduced by distal microcirculatory protection using a balloon occlusion and aspiration system. Whether filter-based catheters, which offer the inherent advantages of maintained perfusion and ease of use, are as effective for this purpose has not been established. Methods and Results—A total of 651 patients undergoing percutaneous intervention of 682 saphenous vein graft lesions were prospectively randomized to distal protection with the filter-based FilterWire EX versus the GuardWire balloon occlusion and aspiration system. Device success was 95.5% and 97.2% with the FilterWire EX and GuardWire, respectively (P =0.25). Postprocedural measures of epicardial flow and angiographic complications were similar between the 2 groups, although bailout IIb/IIIa inhibitors were required slightly less frequently in the FilterWire EX group (0% versus 1.5%, P =0.03). The primary end point, the composite incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization at 30 days, occurred in 9.9% of FilterWire EX patients and 11.6% of GuardWire patients (difference [95% CI]=−1.7% [−6.4%, 3.1%]; P for superiority=0.53, P for noninferiority=0.0008). Conclusions—Distal protection with the FilterWire EX may be safely used as an adjunct to percutaneous intervention of diseased saphenous vein grafts and, compared with distal protection with the GuardWire balloon occlusion and aspiration system, results in similar rates of major adverse cardiac events at 30 days.
Strange Beta: An Assistance System for Indoor Rock Climbing Route Setting Using Chaotic Variations and Machine Learning

This paper applies the mathematics of chaos to the task of designing indoor rock-climbing routes. Chaotic variation has been used to great advantage on music and dance, but the challenges here are quite different, beginning with the representation. We present a formalized system for transcribing rock climbing problems and then describe a variation generator that is designed to support human route-setters in designing new and interesting climbing problems. This variation generator, termed strange beta, uses chaos to introduce novelty. We validated this approach with a large blinded study in a commercial climbing gym, in cooperation with experienced climbers and expert route setters. The results show that strange beta can help a human setter produce routes that are at least as good as, and in some cases better than, those produced in the traditional manner.
RouteBricks: exploiting parallelism to scale software routers

We revisit the problem of scaling software routers, motivated by recent advances in server technology that enable high-speed parallel processing--a feature router workloads appear ideally suited to exploit. We propose a software router architecture that parallelizes router functionality both across multiple servers and across multiple cores within a single server. By carefully exploiting parallelism at every opportunity, we demonstrate a 35Gbps parallel router prototype; this router capacity can be linearly scaled through the use of additional servers. Our prototype router is fully programmable using the familiar Click/Linux environment and is built entirely from off-the-shelf, general-purpose server hardware.
Effects of optimised plug-in hybrid vehicle charging strategies on electric distribution network losses

Distribution network operators (DNOs) require assessment tools on the tradeoffs plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) technology will have on their assets. This paper employs a time coordinated optimal power flow (TCOPF) formulation to show that, through the control of PHEV storage units and tap-changers (OLTCs), electric network operators can influence savings in energy losses. Case studies are performed in which PHEV units are constrained by various charging and discharging strategies. Results indicate how DNOs can value the storage available in their networks by the way it is dispatched for each time interval. The storage resources furthest away from the grid supply point (GSP) are managed more carefully due to their greater ability to reduce transmission losses at moments of peak demand. The TCOPF tool offers a fresh perspective for stakeholders wishing to evaluate the impacts PHEVs can have on operational aspects such as load profile variation, energy loss reduction, and peak shaving.
Customer Monitoring of Internal Information Processes and Firms' External Reporting

Customers monitor their suppliers’ internal information processes to reduce uncertainty about the suppliers’ ability to fulfill their commitments. In this paper, I argue that these monitoring procedures improve the suppliers’ internal information, which in turn leads to higher quality external reporting. Using a dataset of U.S. government contracts, and employing both cross–sectional and within–firm research designs, I find a positive relation between government contracts and the quality of firms’ external reporting environment. Consistent with government monitoring driving this relation, I find that firms improve their external reporting when they first start contracting with the government, and that the magnitude of the improvement varies predictably with contract characteristics and is largest for contracts that entail a greater degree of government scrutiny. Finally, I use the establishment of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) in 1970 as an exogenous shock to contractor monitoring, and find greater improvements in the external reporting environment among firms affected by the CASB’s monitoring requirements. Overall, these results suggest that customer monitoring can play a role in shaping the firm’s external reporting environment. _________ I am very grateful to the members of my dissertation committee for their support, guidance and insightful comments: Wayne Guay (co-chair), Luzi Hail, Chris Ittner (co-chair), and Dan Taylor. I also thank Brian Bushee, Paul Fischer, Stephen Glaeser, Mirko Heinle, Bob Holthausen, Chongho Kim, Rick Lambert, Cathy Schrand, Robert Verrecchia, Frank Zhou, and seminar participants at the 2016 Carnegie Mellon Accounting Mini Conference and the Wharton School for helpful comments. Finally, I thank the Wharton School, the Connie K. Duckworth Endowed Doctoral Fellowship, and the Deloitte Foundation for their generous financial support.
The Newborn Butterfly Project: A Shortened Treatment Protocol for Ear Molding

Background: Secondary to circulating maternal estrogens, a baby’s ear cartilage is unusually plastic during the first few weeks of life, providing an opportunity to correct ear deformities by molding. If molding is initiated during the first days of life with a more rigid molding system than previously described in the literature, the authors hypothesized that treatment time would be reduced and the correction rate would increase. Methods: An interdisciplinary team identified and assessed all infants born with ear deformities at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. The authors conducted a prospective, institutional review board–approved study on the first consecutive 100 infants identified. Parents were surveyed initially, immediately after treatment, and at 6 and 12 months. Results: One hundred fifty-eight ears in 96 patients underwent ear molding using the EarWell Infant Ear Correction System. Eighty-two percent of the children had the device placed in the newborn nursery and 95 percent had it placed before 2 weeks of life. Average treatment time was 14 days, and 96 percent of the deformities were corrected. Complications were limited to mild pressure ulcerations. Ninety-nine percent of parents stated that they would have the procedure repeated. Conclusions: The molding period can be reduced from 6 to 8 weeks to 2 weeks by initiating molding during the first weeks of life and using a more secure and rigid device. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the authors were able to identify patients and to correct the deformity earlier and faster than has been previously published, eliminating the need for surgical correction in many children. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Towards a combinatorial representation theory for the rational Cherednik algebra of type G(r, p, n)

Abstract This paper aims to lay the foundations for a combinatorial study, via orthogonal functions and intertwining operators, of category $\mathcal{O}$ for the rational Cherednik algebra of type G(r, p, n). As a first application, a self-contained and elementary proof of the analogue for the groups G(r, p, n), with r > 1, of Gordon's Theorem (previously Haiman's Conjecture) on the diagonal co-invariant ring is given. No restriction is imposed on p; the result for p ≠ r has been proved by Vale using a technique analogous to Gordon's. Because of the combinatorial application to Haiman's Conjecture, the paper is logically self-contained except for standard facts about complex reflection groups. The main results should be accessible to mathematicians working in algebraic combinatorics who are unfamiliar with the impressive range of ideas used in Gordon's proof of his theorem.
Reexamining the Validity and Reliability of the Clinical Version of the Iowa Gambling Task: Evidence from a Normal Subject Group

Over past decade, the Iowa gambling task (IGT) has been utilized to test various decision deficits induced by neurological damage or psychiatric disorders. The IGT has recently been standardized for identifying 13 different neuropsychological disorders. Neuropsychological patients choose bad decks frequently, and normal subjects prefer good expected value (EV) decks. However, the IGT has several validity and reliability problems. Some research groups have pointed out that the validity of IGT is influenced by the personality and emotional state of subjects. Additionally, several other studies have proposed that the “prominent deck B phenomenon” (PDB phenomenon) – that is, normal subjects preferring bad deck B – may be the most serious problem confronting IGT validity. Specifically, deck B offers a high frequency of gains but negative EV. In the standard IGT administration, choice behavior can be understood with reference to gain-loss frequency (GLF) rather than inferred future consequences (EV, the basic assumption of IGT). Furthermore, using two different criteria (basic assumption vs. professional norm) results in significantly different classification results. Therefore, we recruited 72 normal subjects to test the validity and reliability of IGT. Each subject performed three runs of the computer-based clinical IGT version. The PDB phenomenon has been observed to a significant degree in the first and second stages of the clinical IGT version. Obviously, validity, reliability, and the practice effect were unstable between two given stages. The present form of the clinical IGT version has only one stage, so its use should be reconsidered for examining normal decision makers; results from patient groups must also be interpreted with great care. GLF could be the main factor to be considered in establishing the constructional validity and reliability of the clinical IGT version.
In China, Students in Crowded Dormitories with a Low Ventilation Rate Have More Common Colds: Evidence for Airborne Transmission

Objective To test whether the incidence of common colds among college students in China is associated with ventilation rates and crowdedness in dormitories. Methods In Phase I of the study, a cross-sectional study, 3712 students living in 1569 dorm rooms in 13 buildings responded to a questionnaire about incidence and duration of common colds in the previous 12 months. In Phase II, air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration were measured for 24 hours in 238 dorm rooms in 13 buildings, during both summer and winter. Out-to indoor air flow rates at night were calculated based on measured CO2 concentrations. Results In Phase I, 10% of college students reported an incidence of more than 6 common colds in the previous 12 months, and 15% reported that each infection usually lasted for more than 2 weeks. Students in 6-person dorm rooms were about 2 times as likely to have an incidence of common colds ≥6 times per year and a duration ≥2 weeks, compared to students in 3-person rooms. In Phase II, 90% of the measured dorm rooms had an out-to indoor air flow rate less than the Chinese standard of 8.3 L/s per person during the heating season. There was a dose-response relationship between out-to indoor air flow rate per person in dorm rooms and the proportion of occupants with annual common cold infections ≥6 times. A mean ventilation rate of 5 L/(s•person) in dorm buildings was associated with 5% of self reported common cold ≥6 times, compared to 35% at 1 L/(s•person). Conclusion Crowded dormitories with low out-to indoor airflow rates are associated with more respiratory infections among college students.
The travelling salesman problem in the stochastic mean field model

In the stochastic mean field model of distance, the edges of the complete graph on n vertices are assigned independent identically distributed random lengths. We take these lengths from uniform distribution on the interval [0,1] and let Ln denote the minimum length of a travelling salesman tour. It has been conjectured since the mid-1980’s that Ln converges in probability to a certain number, approximately 2.0415. This conjecture has been supported by theoretical but nonrigorous arguments building on methods of statistical physics, as well as by extensive numerical simulation. We prove this conjecture, and identify the limit constant as
Geographic Distribution and Ecology of Potential Malaria Vectors in the Republic of Korea

ABSTRACT Environmental geospatial data and adult and larval mosquito collection data for up to 106 sites throughout the Republic of Korea (ROK) were used to develop ecological niche models (ENMs) of the potential geographic distribution for eight anopheline species known to occur there. The areas predicted suitable for the Hyrcanus Group species were the most extensive for Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, An. kleini Rueda, An. belenrae Rueda, and An. pullus Yamada, intermediate for An. sineroides Yamada, and the most restricted for An. lesteri Baisas and Hu and the non-Hyrcanus Group species An. koreicus Yamada and Watanabe and An. lindesayi Yamada. The relative vectorial importance of these species is unknown, and all, except An. koreicus and An. lindesayi, are predicted to occur widely in the northwest of the ROK where malaria transmission has been sporadic since its resurgence in 1993. Our ENMs suggest that it is unlikely that An. koreicus and An. lindesayi are vectors, but we do not document consistent geographic differentiation that might incriminate any of the other species as vectors. Because all species are predicted to occur in North Korea, we also cannot reject the hypothesis that malaria infected mosquitoes from North Korea may have been the cause of the resurgence of malaria in the ROK. Ecological differentiation of the eight species is inferred from collection locations and 34 environmental layers based on remote sensing and global climatic averages. Interspecific differences were noted, and characterizing mosquito habitats by ground-based and remote sensing methods is proposed.
Uniqueness of enhancement for triangulated categories

The paper contains general results on the uniqueness of a DG enhancement for trian- gulated categories. As a consequence we obtain such uniqueness for the unbounded categories of quasi-coherent sheaves, for the triangulated categories of perfect complexes, and for the bounded de- rived categories of coherent sheaves on quasi-projective schemes. If a scheme is projective then we also prove a strong uniqueness for the triangulated category of perfect complexes and for the bounded de- rived categories of coherent sheaves. These results directly imply that fully faithful functors from the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves and the triangulated categories of perfect complexes on projective schemes can be represented by objects on the product.