Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐6 production by hepatic endothelial cells and macrophages

Interleukin‐1 (EL‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) derived from Kupffer cells are major inducers of hepatic inflammation and the acute phase response. The present studies demonstrate that liver endothelial cells also produce significant quantities of IL‐1 and IL‐6, suggesting that these cells also participate in these processes. Endothelial cells and macrophages were isolated from female Sprague‐Dawley rats by combined collagenase and pronase perfusion of the liver followed by centrifugal elutriation. In the absence of stimulation, endothelial cells were found to spontaneously produce IL‐1 and IL‐6 in a time‐dependent manner, reaching maximal levels after 10 h in culture for IL‐1 and 6‐8 h for EL‐6. The amount and kinetics of cytokine production by hepatic endothelial cells were similar to those observed with Kupffer cells. In further studies, the effects of lipo‐ polysaccharide (LPS), a potent liver macrophage activator and inflammatory agent, on cytokine release were analyzed. Treatment of rats with LPS resulted in a decrease in IL‐1 release by both cell types compared to cells from untreated animals. In contrast, LPS treatment had no major effect on IL‐6 release. We also found that both macrophages and endothelial cells could be induced to produce additional IL‐1 and IL‐6 by treatment with LPS in vitro, but only if they were preincubated for at least 24 h prior to stimulation with LPS and analyzed for cytokine release. These data demonstrate that liver endothelial cells, like Kupffer cells, have the capacity to produce immunoregulatory and proinfiammatory cytokines.
DNA Microarray Analysis of Central Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolytic/Gluconeogenic Carbon Switch in the Hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeum Thermoproteus tenax

ABSTRACT In order to unravel the role of regulation on transcript level in central carbohydrate metabolism (CCM) of Thermoproteus tenax, a focused DNA microarray was constructed by using 85 open reading frames involved in CCM. A transcriptional analysis comparing heterotrophic growth on glucose versus autotrophic growth on CO2-H2 was performed.
Mother-Child Interpersonal Dynamics: The Influence of Maternal and Child ADHD Symptoms

The relations between maternal and child ADHD symptoms and interpersonal behaviour were examined. Mother-child dyads (N = 59), with children 8- to 12-years-old, exhibiting a range of ADHD symptoms, participated in a problem-solving task. Participants' interpersonal behaviours (along continuums of affiliation: friendliness-hostility and control: dominance-submissiveness) were coded on a continuous moment-to-moment basis, as the interaction unfolded, using a joystick technique. Elevated ADHD symptoms, in both mothers and children, were associated with less overall affiliative interpersonal behaviour. Further, while dyads generally showed complementary behaviour, dyads in which the child had elevated ADHD symptoms demonstrated less complementarity on the affiliation dimension. Finally, the higher the child's ADHD symptoms, the less affiliative and less dominant the mother became over the course of the interaction. Findings highlight ways in which individual differences in ADHD behaviour impact interpersonal functioning and have implications for interventions aimed at enhancing parent-child relationships.
New Technology, Human Capital, Total Factor Productivity and Growth Process for Developing

Solowian view on miracle growth rate in NIEs as a result of productivity growth whereas many others (e.g. Krugman [1997]) convince that broad capital accumulation is only true engine underlying NIEs growth. Krugman's view is correct in the short and mid terms, however in the long term, TFP is the main engine of growth. We show that the optimal strategy for a developing country consists of accumulating physical capital first and there is no research activity. When the country reaches a certain level of development, which is endogenously determined in the model, the technological progress may be generated. Three critical factors: the amount of available human capital; the relative price of technological capital; and the initial income of the economy.
Evaluation of community-based interventions to improve TB case detection in a rural district of Tanzania

Enlisting traditional healers and pharmacists to improve TB detection contributed 38% to 70% of new smear-positive case notifications per quarter in a rural district of Tanzania. Enlisting traditional healers and pharmacists to improve TB detection contributed 38% to 70% of new smear-positive case notifications per quarter in a rural district of Tanzania. In Tanzania, people with tuberculosis (TB) commonly self-medicate or visit traditional healers before seeking formal medical care. Between 2009 and 2011, we piloted a community-based project in Kisarawe District to improve TB case notification. The project trained 15 traditional healers and 15 pharmacists to identify and refer individuals with TB symptoms to diagnostic facilities. In addition, the project trained 2 community members to collect and fix sputum from symptomatic individuals onto slides, which they then delivered by bicycle to the nearest diagnostic facility. To determine effectiveness, we analyzed routine case detection data and referrals from traditional healers and pharmacists and conducted a cross-sectional survey of recently diagnosed smear-positive TB patients (N = 150) to understand their treatment-seeking behavior. From 2009 to 2011, smear-positive TB case notification increased by 68% in Kisarawe District, from 28/100,000 to 47/100,000, even while TB case notification nationally stayed the same (at approximately 14/100,000). The traditional healers and pharmacists referred 434 people with presumptive TB to diagnostic facilities, 419 of whom (97%) went to the facilities; of those who went to facilities for testing, 104 people (25%) were diagnosed with TB. The percentage of new TB case notifications that were referred through the network ranged from 38% to 70% per reporting quarter. Sputum fixers collected and delivered specimens from 178 individuals, 17 of whom (10%) were diagnosed with TB. Almost 60% of surveyed smear-positive TB patients first visited a pharmacist or traditional healer before seeking care at a diagnostic facility. These results prompted scale up of community interventions to 9 more districts in 2011 and to another 26 districts in 2013. Establishing referral networks that bring TB information and services closer to community members can contribute to improved TB case notification.
A Brief Review of Expertises and Applications of Experimental Mechanics in Italy

Italian researchers have certainly provided important contributions to the field of Experimental Mechanics (EM). The pioneering work on analysis of failure mechanisms with strain gages and optical interferometry techniques are nowadays still cited. Over the years, Italian experts of EM proposed innovative approaches thus improving procedures and tools in the EM field. In view of this, the present paper reviews the current state of Experimental Mechanics in Italy with particular attention to issues such as optical and thermal NDT, characterization of material behavior and properties, monitoring and preservation of art wells, industrial applications, biomechanics and biomedical engineering. As is clear, the present review does not pretend to cover the whole spectrum of EM applications in Italy. However, the authors aim to provide basic information on the most important research lines and to address readers to the Italian centers/groups specialized in each particular field.
Emergent Principles in Gene Expression Dynamics

Rapid advances in data processing of genome-wide gene expression have allowed us to get a first glimpse of some fundamental laws and principles involved in the intra-cellular organization as well as to investigate its complex regulatory architecture. However, the identification of commonalities in dynamical processes involved in networks has not followed the same development. In particular, the coupling between dynamics and structural features remains largely uncovered. Here, we review several works that have addressed the issue of uncovering the gene expression dynamics and principles using micro-array time series data at different environmental conditions and disease states as well as the emer- gence of criticality in gene expression systems by using information theory. Moreover, we also describe the efforts done to explore the question of characterizing gene networks by using transcriptional dynamics information. The combination of the emergent principles uncovered in the transcriptional organization with dynamic information, may lead to recon- struct, characterize and complete gene networks. We also discuss several methods based on simulations of a series of en- zyme-catalyzed reaction routes and Markov processes as well as combination of complex network properties with sto- chastic theory.
How the Online Disinhibition Effect Affects the Online Video Game Industry

Extensive computer use is creating a society where its citizens are communicating outside the norm of real life. These diversions from real life communication behavior have been named the Online Disinhibition Effect (ODE). The effect is a psychological model that is structured with different types of elements which can be triggered by different communication mediums. There are two sides of the effect; a benign, where compassion and a reveal of emotions are more likely, and a toxic, where anger, frustration and threats are in focus. In the online video game industry, ODE is active, but as the medium is different than regular internet use the effects are different as well. This paper looks at how online video games are affected by ODE. By using the most current disinhibition model made by Suler and looking at modern cyberpsychology in online games, this paper found eight features that have the possibility to decrease disinhibition amongst users. This paper concludes with a warning that games are becoming more immersive and without the proper authority features, games will increase their disinhibition effect amongst its users.
Continuous frequency spectrum of the global hydromagnetic oscillations of a magnetically confined mountain on an accreting neutron star

We compute the continuous part of the ideal-magnetohydrodynamic (ideal-MHD) frequency spectrum of a polar mountain produced by magnetic burial on an accreting neutron star. Applying the formalism developed by Hellsten & Spies,extended to include gravity, we solve the singular eigenvalue problem subject to line-tying boundary conditions. This spectrum divides into an Alfven part and a cusp part. The eigenfunctions are chirped and anharmonic with an exponential envelope, and the eigenfrequencies cover the whole spectrum above a minimum ω low , For equilibria with accreted mass 1.2 x 10 -6 ≤ M a /M ⊙ ≤ 1.7 × 10 -4 and surface magnetic fields 10 11 ≤ B * /G ≤ 10 13 , ω low is approximately independent of B * , and increases with M a . The results are consistent with the Alfven spectrum excited in numerical simulations with the ZEUS-MPsolver. The spectrum is modified substantially by the Coriolis force in neutron stars spinning faster than ∼100 Hz. The implications for gravitational-wave searches for low-mass X-ray binaries are considered briefly.
Probing the latencies of software timestamping

Dealing effectively with latency is the key to accurate and reliable timekeeping over networks. Software components of timekeeping, including synchronisation algorithms such as ntpd, RADclock, and ptpd, must deal with the significant and highly variable latencies inherent to common operating systems. Using the DTrace system profiling tool, we provide an accurate breakdown of the latencies between common timestamping locations in the FreeBSD Operating System. We report on how these latency components react to stress patterns of different kinds, and determine which timestamping strategies result in the lowest latency, and the smallest in-host asymmetry. Our results can be used to improve timestamping and timekeeping for software clocks.
The discovery of a 7-14 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation in the x-ray transient XTE J1806-246

We have studied the correlated X-ray spectral and X-ray timing behavior of the X-ray transient XTE J1806-246 using data obtained with the proportional counter array on board the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). In the X-ray color-color diagram two distinct patterns are traced out. The first pattern is a curved branch, which is observed during the rise and decay of the outburst. This pattern resembles the so-called banana branch of those low-luminosity neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) that are referred to as atoll sources. The power spectrum of XTE J1806-246 on this curved branch consisted of a power-law and a cutoff power law component. The presence of these components and their dependence on the position of the source on the branch is also identical to the behavior of atoll sources on the banana branch. Near the end of its outburst, XTE J1806-246 formed patches in the color-color diagram, the spectrum was harder, and the power spectrum showed strong band-limited noise, characteristic of the atoll sources in the island state. A second pattern was traced out during the only observation at the peak of the outburst. It consists of a structure that we interpret as formed by two distinct branches. This pattern resembles the normal-flaring branches of the high-luminosity neutron star LMXBs (the Z sources). The discovery of a 7-14 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) during this observation strengthens this similarity. We conclude that if XTE J1806-246 is a neutron star, it is most likely an atoll source that only at the peak of its outburst reached a luminosity level sufficiently high to show the type of QPO that Z sources show on their normal and flaring branches.
From text to scheme

We show how to solve common problems in identifying arguments from expert opinion, illustrated by five examples selected from The Economist. Our method started by intuitively identifying many appeals to alleged experts in The Economist and comparing them to the argumentation scheme for argument from expert opinion. This approach led us to (i) extending the existing list of possible faults committed when arguments from expert opinion are performed and (ii) proposing the extension of the list of linguistic cues that would allow analysts to identify arguments from expert opinion. Our ultimate aim is to help argument identification by argument mining connect better with techniques of argument analysis and evaluation.
The Content of Effective Teamwork Mental Models in Self-Managing Teams: Ownership, Learning and Heedful Interrelating

A growing stream of theory and research suggests that overlap in team member mental models (i.e. socially constructed theories about systems and their expected behavior) has a positive influence on team processes and outcomes. In this article we argue that for self- managing work teams (SMWTs), the content of those shared mental models is also important. We begin by reviewing theory on SMWT effectiveness to determine the content of effective teamwork mental models in SMWTs. These are proposed to include: (1) psychological ownership of team processes and outcomes; (2) a need for continuous learning; and (3) a need for heedful interrelating. We then conduct content analyses of four published longitudinal studies of SMWTs to uncover the opportunities and challenges to developing and sustaining these mental models in dynamic organizations. Results suggest these mental models flourish when organizational supports back up their existence. However, since mental models are fluid and adapt to explicit and implicit messages, they weaken if shifting priorities cause organizational support to wane. Finally, the implications of our findings are discussed.
Predicting mutation score using source code and test suite metrics

Mutation testing has traditionally been used to evaluate the effectiveness of test suites and provide confidence in the testing process. Mutation testing involves the creation of many versions of a program each with a single syntactic fault. A test suite is evaluated against these program versions (mutants) in order to determine the percentage of mutants a test suite is able to identify (mutation score). A major drawback of mutation testing is that even a small program may yield thousands of mutants and can potentially make the process cost prohibitive. To improve the performance and reduce the cost of mutation testing, we propose a machine learning approach to predict mutation score based on a combination of source code and test suite metrics.
Effect of disrupted SOX18 transcription factor function on tumor growth, vascularization, and endothelial development.

BACKGROUND The growth of solid tumors depends on establishing blood supply; thus, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis has been a long-term goal in cancer therapy. The SOX18 transcription factor is a key regulator of murine and human blood vessel formation. METHODS We established allograft melanoma tumors in wild-type mice, Sox18-null mice, and mice expressing a dominant-negative form of Sox18 (Sox18RaOp) (n = 4 per group) and measured tumor growth and microvessel density by immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to the endothelial marker CD31 and the pericyte marker NG2. We also assessed the affects of disrupted SOX18 function on MCF-7 human breast cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation by measuring BrdU incorporation and by MTS assay, cell migration using Boyden chamber assay, and capillary tube formation in vitro. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Allograft tumors in Sox18-null and Sox18RaOp mice grew more slowly than those in wild-type mice (tumor volume at day 14, Sox18 null, mean = 486 mm3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 345 mm3 to 627 mm3, P = .004; Sox18RaOp, mean = 233 mm3, 95% CI = 73 mm3 to 119 mm3, P<.001; versus wild-type, mean = 817 mm3, 95% CI = 643 mm3 to 1001 mm3) and had fewer CD31- and NG2-expressing vessels. Expression of dominant-negative Sox18 reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (BrdU incorporation: MCF-7(Ra) = 20%, 95% CI = 15% to 25% versus MCF-7 = 41%, 95% CI = 35% to 45%; P = . 013) and HUVECs (optical density at 490 nm, empty vector, mean = 0.46 versus SOX18 mean = 0.29; difference = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.19; P = .001) compared with control subjects. Overexpression of wild-type SOX18 promoted capillary tube formation of HUVECs in vitro, whereas expression of dominant-negative SOX18 impaired tube formation of HUVECs and the migration of MCF-7 cells via the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS SOX18 is a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy of human cancers.
Variables independently associated with self-reported obesity in the European Union

Abstract Objective The rapid increase in obesity rates over recent years suggest that cultural and societal influences are affecting the adjustment in the energy balance equation in addition to other physiopathological or genetic determinants. Therefore, a pan-EU study was carried out to explore the influence of sociodemographic factors as well as some attitudes (smoking and exercise) on the prevalence of obesity in the adult population of all 15 member states of the EU. Design Overall, a sample of 15 239 individuals aged 15 years and upwards in the EU completed the questionnaire. Subject selection was quota-controlled to make the sample nationally representative following a multistage stratified cluster sampling. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Results From the EU average results, it can be seen that only about half of the EU population (48%) is within the normal weight range, while the obesity (BMI > ≥ 30 kg m−2) prevalence was about 10% in the EU and the overweight prevalence was 36.6% and 25.6% among men and women, respectively. UK subjects had the highest prevalence of obesity (12%), while Italians, French and Swedes had the lowest levels of obesity (about 7%). Concerning age and social class interactions, logistic regression analysis showed that high social class and younger individuals in all groups had a lower odds ratio for obesity prevalence. People with a higher level of education are less likely to be obese, while the interaction between educational levels and obesity was different for men and women. A low participation in various leisure-time physical activities, the lack of interest (precontemplation) in being involved in exercise/physical activity and the increasing number of hours sitting down at work appear to be predictors of obesity. Single individuals were less prone to become obese than couples or widowed/divorced people. Finally, smoking status was statistically linked to the prevalence of obesity, since non-smokers or ex-smokers for more than 1 year presented a higher tendency for a BMI > 30. Conclusions This survey confirms that a priority area for health intervention aimed at preventing the development of obesity should be to increase levels of physical activity, although the approach will depend on the population, especially with respect to educational and socioeconomic aspects.
Characteristics of Electronic Integrated System and Trust in the Provider of Service

Arabia has one of the world"s largest vehicle accident death rates. To overcome this, an electronic integrated system was initiated, which contains many components, including surveillance and penalizing systems; however, this system experienced what could be called an extreme system rejection in which some components were hacked, vandalized or even destroyed. To gain an understanding of this issue, the characteristics of the system were studied by modelling them using different theoretical perspectives. In addition, inferential statistics and a branch of data mining (sentiment analysis) were utilized to acquire a clearer insight into the causes. The results of this study include strategic and technological recommendations that could be of use for developers, researchers and decision makers for developing, studying or implementing similar systems. Keywordscharacteristics, Data mining, Violation systems.
The Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training and Cognitive Therapy on the Emotional and Addictional Problems of Substance Abusers

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional regulation training group therapy, based on Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Therapy, on improving emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills and relapse prevention in addicts. Method In a quasiexperimental study, 39 patients with the diagnosis of opioid dependence based on DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned in to two experimental and one control groups. The experimental groups took 10 ninety-minute sessions of group therapy. The subjects were evaluated using the Opiate Treatment Index (OPI), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and Distress Tolerance and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales prior to the start of treatment, and at the sixteenth session. The control group did not take group therapy and was merely treated with naltrexone. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and χ2 test. Results Scheffe test showed that both emotion regulation training and cognitive therapy were more effective than naltrexone increasing distress tolerance, emotion regulation enhancement, and decreasing the amount of drug abuse, health improvement, social functioning, somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression enhancement (P<0.05). In addition, emotion regulation training was more effective than cognitive therapy, increasing distress tolerance and emotional regulation enhancement (p<0.05). Conclusion It seems that DBT skill training increase the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and is more effective than cognitive therapy.