Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FUNDING CRITERIA FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPLORATION PROJECTS

Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. ABSTRACT The sequential nature of activities like research, development, or exploration requires optimal funding criteria to take account of the fact that subsequent funding decisions will be made throughout the future. Thus, there is a continual possibility of reviewing a project's status, based on the latest information. After setting up a model to capture this feature, optimal funding criteria are investigated. In an important special case, an explicit formula is derived. As well as throwing light upon the nature of development activities, the analysis is also relevant to the general theory of information gathering processes. for energy research and development and more specifically for management decisions in the Photovoltaic Program.
Airfoil Turbulence-Impingement Noise Reduction by Porosity or Wavy Leading-Edge Cut : Experimental Investigations

The present work is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of two possible techniques to reduce the noise produced by turbulence impinging on the leading edge of an airfoil. The first technique consists in replacing the straight leading edge by a wavy leading edge. The second one consists in manufacturing part of the airfoil with a porous material. Both are tested on modified versions of the same baseline rigid-airfoil NACA-0012 airfoil, by placing the mockups in grid-generated turbulence in the flow delivered by an open-jet anechoic wind tunnel. Additional tests are made with thin plates instead of the airfoil or with a circular cylinder instead of a turbulence grid. A step-by-step procedure is described to subtract background noise and trailing-edge noise sources in order to unambiguously quantify the benefit of the reduction techniques. Both are found to reduce the noise by amounts between 4 to 8 dB in substantial frequency ranges.
Haplotypes of common SNPs can explain missing heritability of complex diseases

While genome-wide significant associations generally explain only a small proportion of the narrow-sense heritability of complex disease (h2), recent work has shown that more heritability is explained by all genotyped SNPs (hg2). However, much of the heritability is still missing (hg2 < h2). For example, for schizophrenia, h2 is estimated at 0.7-0.8 but hg2 is estimated at ∼0.3. Efforts at increasing coverage through accurately imputed variants have yielded only small increases in the heritability explained, and poorly imputed variants can lead to assay artifacts for case-control traits. We propose to estimate the heritability explained by a set of haplotype variants (haploSNPs) constructed directly from the study sample (hhap2). Our method constructs a set of haplotypes from phased genotypes by extending shared haplotypes subject to the 4-gamete test. In a large schizophrenia data set (PGC2-SCZ), haploSNPs with MAF > 0.1% explained substantially more phenotypic variance (hhap2 = 0.64 (S.E. 0.084)) than genotyped SNPs alone (hg2 = 0.32 (S.E. 0.029)). These estimates were based on cross-cohort comparisons, ensuring that cohort-specific assay artifacts did not contribute to our estimates. In a large multiple sclerosis data set (WTCCC2-MS), we observed an even larger difference between hhap2 and hg2, though data from other cohorts will be required to validate this result. Overall, our results suggest that haplotypes of common SNPs can explain a large fraction of missing heritability of complex disease, shedding light on genetic architecture and informing disease mapping strategies.
A Neural Network-based Framework for Non-factoid Question Answering

In this paper, we present a neural network based framework for answering non-factoid questions. The framework consists of two main components: Answer Retriever and Answer Ranker. In the first component, we leverage off-the-shelf retrieval models (e.g. bm25) to retrieve a pool of candidate answers regarding to the input question. Answer Ranker is then used to select the most suitable answer. In this work, we adopt two typical deep learning based frameworks for our Answer Ranker component. One is based on Siamese architecture and the other is the Compare-Aggregate framework. The Answer Ranker component is evaluated separately based on popular answer selection datasets. Our overall system is evaluated using FiQA dataset, a newly released dataset for financial domain and shows promising results.
ploring new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional llaboration : A mixed methods study thryn

Background: Confidence is required for effective engagement in interprofessional collaboration. New graduate nurses often lack confidence in interprofessional interactions, and this may compromise the delivery of safe and effective healthcare. Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to explore new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional collaboration. Design: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used. Methods: New graduate nurses from Ontario, Canada (N = 514) completed a crosssectional descriptive survey in 2012. The survey measured perceived confidence in interprofessional collaboration, and it included items that were proposed to have a relationship with new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional collaboration. Follow-up qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with 16 new graduate nurses. Results: The quantitative findings suggested that several factors have a positive relationship with new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional collaboration: availability and accessibility of manager, availability and accessibility of educator, number of different disciplines worked with daily, number of team strategies, and satisfaction with team. The qualitative phase supported the quantitative findings and also provided new information about factors that facilitated and challenged new graduate nurse confidence when engaging in interprofessional collaboration. The facilitators were: experience, knowledge, respect, supportive relationships, and opportunities to collaborate. Challenges included: lack of experience, lack of knowledge, communication challenges, and balancing practice expectations. The overall findings relate to team and organizational support, and new graduate nurse development. Conclusion: Interventions that provide support for interprofessional collaboration at the team and organizational levels, and develop new graduate nurse knowledge and experiences regarding collaborative practice, are essential for enhancing new graduate nurse confidence in interprofessional collaboration. 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Corresponding author. Tel. : +1 115192533000. E-mail address: kpfaff@uwindsor.ca (K.A. Pfaff).
Preference Inference through Rescaling Preference Learning

One approach to preference learning, based on linear support vector machines, involves choosing a weight vector whose associated hyperplane has maximum margin with respect to an input set of preference vectors, and using this to compare feature vectors. However, as is well known, the result can be sensitive to how each feature is scaled, so that rescaling can lead to an essentially different vector. This gives rise to a set of possible weight vectors--which we call the rescale-optimal ones-- considering all possible rescalings. From this set one can define a more cautious preference relation, in which one vector is preferred to another if it is preferred for all rescale-optimal weight vectors. In this paper, we analyse which vectors are rescaleoptimal, and when there is a unique rescale-optimal vector, and we consider how to compute the induced preference relation.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis living in the Fars province of Iran

Nahid Ashjazadeh1, Habib Hadianfard2, Soodabe Feridoni2,3, Elham Farjam2 1Department of Neurology, Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7194815644, Iran. 2Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194815644, Iran. 3Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7194815644, Iran. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the Fars province of Iran. Methods: A total of 100 patients with clinically definite MS who were referred to a clinic affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were eligible to participate in this study. The HRQoL was evaluated using a Persian version of the Medical Outcomes software. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA and an independent t-test. Results: Patient variables in this sample included the following: 80% of the participants were female, 68% of the participants were married, 30% of the participants had completed primary school, 38% of the participants had completed high school and 32% of the participants attained a university degree. No significant difference among HRQoL scores attributable to these variables were observed among participants in this study. The overall mean scores for the physical and mental components of the HRQoL were 59.48 ± 24.63 and 49.26 ± 23.15, respectively. The paired t-test showed that when compared with a normal sample, the patients in this study had mental component scores of the HRQoL that were significantly lower than physical component scores (t = 5.72, df = 99, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The HRQoL scores among patients with MS are significantly lower than those among members of the healthy population, especially with respect to the mental component of the test. Therefore, close consideration of mental and physical problems and appropriate management of MS can improve quality of life
FERENGI: Redshifting Galaxies from SDSS to GEMS, STAGES, and COSMOS

We describe the creation of a set of artificially “redshifted” galaxies in the range 0.1 < z < 1.1 using a set of ~100 SDSS low-redshift (v < 7000 km s−1) images as input. The intention is to generate a training set of realistic images of galaxies of diverse morphologies and a large range of redshifts for the GEMS and COSMOS galaxy evolution projects. This training set allows other studies to investigate and quantify the effects of cosmological redshift on the determination of galaxy morphologies, distortions, and other galaxy properties that are potentially sensitive to resolution, surface brightness, and bandpass issues. We use galaxy images from the SDSS in the u, g, r, i, and z filter bands as input, and computed new galaxy images from these data, resembling the same galaxies located at redshifts 0.1 < z < 1.1 and viewed with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST ACS). For this process we take into account angular size change, cosmological surface brightness dimming, and spectral change. The latter is achieved by interpolating a spectral energy distribution that is fit to the input images on a pixel-to-pixel basis. The output images are created for the specific HST ACS point-spread function and the filters used for GEMS (F606W and F850LP) and COSMOS (F814W). All images are binned onto the desired pixel grids (0.03″ for GEMS and 0.05″ for COSMOS) and corrected to an appropriate point-spread function. Noise is added corresponding to the data quality of the two projects, and the images are added onto empty sky pieces of real data images. We make these data sets available on our Web site, as well as the code—FERENGI (Full and Efficient Redshifting of Ensembles of Nearby Galaxy Images)—to enable data sets for other redshifts and/or instruments to be produced.
Oncotargets and Therapy Dovepress Dovepress Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Overexpression Promotes Cell Proliferation and Inhibits Cell Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting Mir-199a Expression

Objectives: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (MVIH) has been recently reported to act as a predictor for the poor recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. However, the biological role of MVIH in the tumorigenesis of HCC is still unclear. Methods: In the study reported here, MVIH expression levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in tumor tissue of HCC patients and in HCC cells, including SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods, respectively. The model of transplantation tumor of HepG2 cells in nude mice was used to evaluate the effects of MVIH and miR-199a on HCC in vivo. Results: MVIH expression was significantly increased and miR-199a expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissue and HCC cells. si-MVIH inhibited HCC cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, but this effect was reversed by miR-199a inhibitor. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation experiment showed that miR-199a had a direct binding ability to MVIH RNA. In nude mice with transplantation, the tumor volume was reduced by si-MVIH, and miR-199a inhibitor canceled this decrease. Conclusion: MVIH promoted cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis of HCC via inhibiting miR-199a expression.
Gaze behavior of older adults during rapid balance-recovery reactions.

BACKGROUND Rapid stepping reactions are a prevalent response to sudden loss of balance and play a crucial role in preventing falls. A previous study indicated that young adults are able to guide these stepping reactions amid challenging environmental constraints using "stored" visuospatial information. This study addressed whether healthy older adults also use "stored" visuospatial information in this manner, or are more dependent on "online" visual control. METHODS Gaze behavior was recorded during rapid forward-stepping reactions evoked by unpredictable platform perturbation, as participants performed a concurrent task demanding visual attention. Challenging obstacles and/or step targets were used to increase demands for accurate foot motion. Twelve healthy older adults (61-73 years) were compared to 12 young adults (22-29 years) tested in a previous study. RESULTS Similar to young adults, older participants seldom redirected gaze downward in response to the perturbation (11% of trials), yet were commonly able to clear the obstacle (74% of trials) or land on the target (41% of trials) while stepping to recover balance. The threat posed by the obstacle apparently prompted older adults to initiate early downward saccades during a small proportion (18%) of obstacle trials; however, this did not improve ability to clear the obstacle. CONCLUSION Aging did not alter the predominant visual-control strategy used to guide the stepping reactions. Both young and older persons typically used stored visuospatial information, thereby allowing vision/attention to be switched to other demands during the stepping reaction and minimizing head/eye movements that could exacerbate the destabilizing effect of the balance perturbation.
ENHANCING ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES USING SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Taking into account that the increase of specific area as nanosizing effect of carbon nanotubes is connected ussualy with chemical reactivity and toxicity for various soluble and stimulative materials, the present research proposes a method to enhance antibacterial effect using silver nanoparticle. In fact the manuscript is a comparison between antibacterial effect of carbon nanotubes (multiwalled) functionalized and nonfunctionalised in the presence of silver nanoparticles. The nanotubes functionalization is performed according a chemical procedure introducing -COOH groups. Surface analysis type transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) presents topographical aspects of nanotubes. The paper signals new trends in explaining antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, proposing a model of silver nanoparticles at interface carbon nanotubes/Ag + nanoparticles. It is a type Troian Horse model according our data and literature data. The application of such research is related not only to enhance antibacterial effect of materials at nanolevel, but taking into account that carbon nanotubes as other nanomaterials have bilateral nature with two possibilities of high functions and risks the paper contributes to the proper understanding of nanosinzing effect.
Portrayal of mental illness in Japanese newspapers, 2001-2014

OBJECTIVES: A large body of the literature has shown that media images of mental illness and people with mental illness are often negative. In Japan, where in 2002 the old term for schizophrenia ‘Seishin Bunretsu Byô’ (split-mind disease) was replaced with a new term ‘‘Tôgô Shitchô Shô’ (integration disorder) to reduce stigma against this illness and its sufferers, little is known about the portrayal of mental illness in the media and about the effect of the renaming on the portrayal. In the present study, we aimed to look at changes in the newspaper coverage of mental illness in Japan before and after the renaming (2001, 2003 and 2014). We also aimed to examine changes in the content of newspaper articles featuring schizophrenia and its sufferers over the same period. METHODS: We analysed articles from two national newspapers using qualitative content analysis (n=270). RESULTS: The proportion of negative articles about mental illness and those affected significantly decreased between 2001 and 2003 and yet this did not hold between 2001 and 2014. The proportion of negative articles featuring schizophrenia or its sufferers showed a non-significant decrease both between 2001 and 2003 and between 2001 and 2014. CONCLUSION: Newspaper coverage of mental illness largely remained negative and distorted over time, although there was a significant improvement in 2003. The findings suggest that the influence of the renaming on the portrayal of mental illness in newspapers was limited to a short period.
Blaming the Victim: University Student Attitudes Toward Bullying

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have examined adolescent attitudes toward bullying, but limited research has explored college students’ attitudes toward victims of bullying. Using data collected from three southern universities (n = 1,135), the current research investigates demographic, experiential, and behavioral factors that are likely to influence whether university students attribute blame to bullying victims. Findings indicate that most university students report prosocial attitudes toward bullying. Victim blaming and minimizing attitudes were most common among males, heterosexuals, and those with a history of prior bullying perpetration during junior high or high school. Individuals reporting a higher frequency of drug use were significantly more likely to support victim blaming attitudes, and those who engaged in more frequent alcohol use were significantly more likely to minimize bullying.
Positive Valence in Adult Imagination

Fantasy proneness, absorption, and daydreaming are all associated with the higher order construct, imaginative involvement. However, there is no measurement instrument that assesses all three together, and existing measures are biased toward negatively valenced items. This research presents a balanced and unified measure, adapted from the Creative Experiences Questionnaire, the Tellegen Absorption Scale, and the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory, by incorporating new items addressing positive valence and novelty in imaginative involvement. In Study 1 (N = 201), we found that our hypothesized four lower order factors underlie imaginative involvement: Negative Fantasy, Sensory Imagery Intensity, Daydream Novelty, and Positive Fantasy. Reliability analyses yielded favorable internal consistency of each scale, and confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate model fit. Study 2 (N = 91) provided further convergent and predictive validation of the four-factor model by showing that Positive Affect, Extraversion, Negative Affect, and personality-based Openness were differentially associated with the four lower order factors of imaginative involvement. Finally, imaginative involvement was associated with Surgency, Openness, and Positive Affect, which speaks to the constructive value of imaginative cognitions. Taken together, these results suggest that imaginative involvement is associated with positive emotion, and that the Imaginative Involvement Questionnaire provides a reliable measure for a broad range of individual differences related to imagination, offering implications for a richer theoretical account of the construct.
Role of surface charge in determining the biological effects of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

The growing potential of quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical applications has provoked the urgent need to thoroughly address their interaction with biological systems. However, only limited studies have been performed to explore the effects of surface charge on the biological behaviors of QDs. In the present study, three commercially available QDs with different surface coatings were used to systematically evaluate the effects of surface charge on the cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biodistribution of QDs. Our results demonstrated that charged QDs entered both cancer cells and macrophages more efficiently than neutral ones, while negative QDs internalized mostly. Upon entry into cells, QDs were localized in different subcellular compartments (eg, cytoplasm and lysosomes) depending on the surface charge. Interestingly, inconsistent with the result of internalization, positive QDs but not negative QDs exhibited severe cytotoxicity, which was likely due to their disruption of cell membrane integrity, and production of reactive oxygen species. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that negative and neutral QDs preferentially distributed in the liver and the spleen, whereas positive QDs mainly deposited in the kidney with obvious uptake in the brain. In general, surface charge plays crucial roles in determining the biological interactions of QDs.
The Importance of Palliative Care for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients and their Family Members

The present paper focuses on close family members’ report of satisfaction with the care that terminally ill cancer patients and their close family members receive at the end of the patients’ life. The situation today is that the death has moved out of the home and into the institution. It seems that the more developed a country's health care system is, the fewer patients die at home.