Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma--analysis of 15 consecutive cases from one centre.

INTRODUCTION Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumour, but one of great clinical importance as a risk factor of malignancy, cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 consecutive patients (eight women and seven men) were hospitalised and submitted for adrenalectomy with pheochromocytoma confirmed by histopathologic examination. Adrenalectomies were performed laparoscopically in 14 cases (93.3%): in nine by the retroperitoneal posterior mode and in five by the transperitoneal lateral approach. RESULTS Molecular-genetic examination of VHL, RET, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD genes revealed inherited predisposition for PHEO in three of 15 patients (20%): RET mutations typical for MEN 2a in two patients and VHL mutation in one patient. Disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism occurred in nine patients (60%). Ten patients (66%) reported paroxysmal symptoms. In all cases, with the exception of a von Hippel-Lindau patient, density of tumours exceeded 20 HU. In all studied patients, urine concentration of normetanephrines exceeded their normal range and greatly prevailed over metanephrines values, which were increased in six of them (40%). CONCLUSIONS Urine metoxycatecholamines and increased tissue density are sufficient in pheochromocytoma detection. However, taking into account clinical and supplemental biochemical data may be helpful in the diagnostic process. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a fully sufficient and safe method of pheochromocytoma excision.
Constants Count: Practical Improvements to Oblivious RAM

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive that hides memory access patterns as seen by untrusted storage. This paper proposes Ring ORAM, the most bandwidth-efficient ORAM scheme for the small client storage setting in both theory and practice. Ring ORAM is the first tree-based ORAM whose bandwidth is independent of the ORAM bucket size, a property that unlocks multiple performance improvements. First, Ring ORAM's overall bandwidth is 2.3× to 4× better than Path ORAM, the prior-art scheme for small client storage. Second, if memory can perform simple untrusted computation, Ring ORAM achieves constant online bandwidth (∼ 60× improvement over Path ORAM for practical parameters). As a case study, we show Ring ORAM speeds up program completion time in a secure processor by 1.5× relative to Path ORAM. On the theory side, Ring ORAM features a tighter and significantly simpler analysis than Path ORAM.
Effects of Emotion on Oxytocin, Prolactin, and ACTH in Women

Research on both non-human mammals and humans has raised interest in the role that oxytocin may play in human attachment and attachment-related emotions. This study examined changes in plasma oxytocin, prolactin, and ACTH concentrations in response to laboratory-induced positive and negative emotions related to close, interpersonal relationships. Participants were 32 female volunteers recruited from university communities. During positive emotion induction, oxytocin decreased over time ( F (1,3)=4.41, p <0.007), prolactin increased ( F (1,3)=4.80, p <0.004) and ACTH remained constant. During negative emotion induction, prolactin levels increased ( F (1,3)=2.81, p <0.05), ACTH decreased only after the induction terminated ( F (1,3)=4.02, p <0.01) and oxytocin remained constant. While oxytocin decreased during positive emotion, this finding contrasted previous research that showed decreases in response to negative emotion. In conclusion, plasma oxytocin levels were not reliably altered by positive or negative emotion induction. While prolactin and ACTH were expected to decrease over time due to diurnal variation, they instead either increased or remained level during emotion induction, or decreased only after the induction. Overall, the degree of change in circulating hormones in response to happy and sad emotions was very small and possibly not functionally significant.
A randomized, single-blind, Phase I trial (INVICTAN-1) assessing the bioequivalence and safety of BI 695502, a bevacizumab biosimilar candidate, in healthy subjects

ABSTRACT Objectives: This Phase I trial (INVICTAN®-1) evaluated three-way bioequivalence and safety of BI 695502 a bevacizumab biosimilar candidate, and reference product bevacizumab from two sources (US-approved Avastin®, Genentech; EU-approved Avastin, Roche). Methods: Healthy male subjects (N = 91) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg of BI 695502 or US- or EU-approved Avastin. An interim analysis was planned when ~50% of subjects were evaluable for the primary end point to determine if the prespecified criteria for bioequivalence were achieved; if demonstrated, the study could be stopped early. The primary end point was area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of the analyte in plasma from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞). Other pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, safety, and in vitro binding affinity were also evaluated. Results: The interim analysis demonstrated three-way bioequivalence for all comparisons. The confidence intervals around the geometric mean ratios of the primary and secondary PK parameters were within the predefined acceptance ranges. Study drugs were well tolerated with no clinically relevant differences in safety. Conclusion: BI 695502 and US- and EU-approved Avastin showed three-way bioequivalence with similar safety profile. Clinical trial registration: NCT01608087.
Theta synchronization predicts efficient memory encoding of concrete and abstract nouns

Functional and topographical differences between processing of spoken nouns which were remembered or which were forgotten were shown by means of EEG coherence analysis. Later recalled nouns were related with increased neuronal synchronization (= cooperation) between anterior and posterior brain regions regardless of presented word category (either concrete or abstract nouns). However, theta coherence exhibited topographical differences during encoding of concrete and abstract nouns whereby former were related with higher short-range (mainly intrahemispheric), later with higher long-range (mainly interhemispheric) coherence. Thus, theta synchronization possibly is a general phenomenon always occurring if task demand increases and more efficient information processing is required. Measurement of EEG coherence yields new information about the neuronal interaction of involved brain regions during memory encoding of different word classes.
Deep anaesthesia reduces postoperative analgesic requirements after major urological procedures

Background and objective There is evidence from previous studies that deeper anaesthetic levels reduce postoperative pain along with analgesic requirements. The aim of this study was to confirm this observation during major urological procedures under sevoflurane anaesthesia. Methods Seventy ASA I or II patients undergoing radical prostatectomy or nephrectomy were randomly allocated into two groups: the L-BIS group with BIS (bispectral index scale) values kept within a range of 20–30 and the H-BIS group with values within the range of 50–60. Sevoflurane was the main anaesthetic agent used, along with inhalation of nitrous oxide and continuous remifentanil infusion. Postoperative analgesia was achieved mainly through morphine and ketamine, which was continuously infused by pump, and intravenous parecoxib. Additional analgesics (paracetamol, parecoxib and morphine) were administered in persistent (continuous, lasting longer than predicted and requiring repeated doses of analgesics) postoperative pain. The number of patients who demanded additional analgesia during the first 24 h was recorded, as well as the number of administrations performed, along with visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 8 and 24 h. Results Sixty patients completed the study, 30 in each group. VAS scores at 8 h were significantly higher in the H-BIS group, both at rest [1 (0–4) vs. 2 (0–8), P = 0.036] and on cough [1 (0–5) vs. 2 (2–9), P = 0.021], but at 24 h were similar between the two groups. Four patients in the L-BIS group and 17 patients in the H-BIS group demanded additional analgesia (P < 0.0009), although the patients in the L-BIS group needed significantly fewer additional doses of analgesics than those in the H-BIS group [0 (0–2) vs. 1 (0–5), P < 0.0008]. Conclusion The results show that intraoperative deep anaesthetic levels during major urological procedures, achieved with high sevoflurane concentrations, lead to reduced postoperative analgesic requirements.
Scene parsing with Multiscale Feature Learning, Purity Trees, and Optimal Covers

Scene parsing consists in labeling each pixel in an image with the category of the object it belongs to. We propose a method that uses a multiscale convolutional network trained from raw pixels to extract dense feature vectors that encode regions of multiple sizes centered on each pixel. The method alleviates the need for engineered features. In parallel to feature extraction, a tree of segments is computed from a graph of pixel dissimilarities. The feature vectors associated with the segments covered by each node in the tree are aggregated and fed to a classifier which produces an estimate of the distribution of object categories contained in the segment. A subset of tree nodes that cover the image are then selected so as to maximize the average "purity" of the class distributions, hence maximizing the overall likelihood that each segment will contain a single object. The system yields record accuracies on the the Sift Flow Dataset (33 classes) and the Barcelona Dataset (170 classes) and near-record accuracy on the Stanford Background Dataset (8 classes), while being an order of magnitude faster than competing approaches, producing a 320 × 240 image labeling in less than 1 second, including feature extraction.
Learning to do concept-based pragmatics instruction: Teacher development and L2 pedagogical content knowledge

This article explores the development of pedagogical content knowledge in relation to one teacher’s experience in learning to engage in a Vygotskian approach to teaching second language (L2) pragmatics known as ‘concept-based pragmatics instruction’ (CBPI). The teacher, Mrs. Hanks, was a PhD candidate in second language acquisition at the time of the study, and she was a co-investigator for a larger project that investigated the integration of CBPI into an intact L2 French class that she was teaching. We focus on three aspects of Mrs. Hanks’ development: (1) mediation she received during ‘mentoring meetings’ with a more expert collaborator (her co-investigator), (2) changes in her classroom practices during the study, and (3) metacognitive reflections on her progress at the end of the study. Drawing on Vygotskian theory, we examine Mrs. Hanks’ development in terms of her internalization and transformation of relevant pedagogical content knowledge. In this way, we are contributing to the very small amount of empirical work examining teacher education/development in the context of ‘learning to do’ concept-based instruction (e.g. Williams, Abraham, & Negueruela, 2013), with specific focus on CBPI.
Long-term effectiveness of dobesilate in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea

This case report is a representative example from a study directed to assess the long-term clinical benefit of dobesilate in rosacea in five enrolled papulopustular rosacea patients with several years of disease, treated topically with 5% potassium dobesilate cream for 3 weeks. The patient suffered papulopustular rosacea for more than 10 years, during which she received topical metronidazole and azelaic acid, and systemic doxycycline therapies without satisfactory improvement. Dobesilate treatment promoted improvement of rosacea symptoms and signs. Two years after treatment the patient still shows a good facial cosmesis.
Human capital accumulation: the role of human resource development

Introduces the special issue “Human resource development: sectoral and invention‐level evidence of human capital accumulation”. Reviews the concepts and definitions of intellectual and human capital. Considers human capital from individual (employability, performance and career development) and organization (investment, ownership, skills and knowledge management) perspectives. Looks at each of the papers in the special issue, relating them to its theme. Highlights the implications for human resource development, both at individual and organizational levels.
How are “Atypical” Sulfite Dehydrogenases Linked to Cell Metabolism? Interactions between the SorT Sulfite Dehydrogenase and Small Redox Proteins

Sulfite dehydrogenases (SDHs) are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of the toxic and mutagenic compound sulfite to sulfate, thereby protecting cells from adverse effects associated with sulfite exposure. While some bacterial SDHs that have been characterized to date are able to use cytochrome c as an electron acceptor, the majority of these enzymes prefer ferricyanide as an electron acceptor and have therefore been termed “atypical” SDHs. Identifying the natural electron acceptor of these enzymes, however, is crucial for understanding how the “atypical” SDHs are integrated into cell metabolism. The SorT sulfite dehydrogenase from Sinorhizobium meliloti is a representative of this enzyme type and we have investigated the interactions of SorT with two small redox proteins, a cytochrome c and a Cu containing pseudoazurin, that are encoded in the same operon and are co-transcribed with the sorT gene. Both potential acceptor proteins have been purified and characterized in terms of their biochemical and electrochemical properties, and interactions and enzymatic studies with both the purified SorT sulfite dehydrogenase and components of the respiratory chain have been carried out. We were able to show for the first time that an “atypical” sulfite dehydrogenase can couple efficiently to a cytochrome c isolated from the same organism despite being unable to efficiently reduce horse heart cytochrome c, however, at present the role of the pseudoazurin in SorT electron transfer is unclear, but it is possible that it acts as an intermediate electron shuttle between. The SorT system appears to couple directly to the respiratory chain, most likely to a cytochrome oxidase.
Functional expression of falcipain, a Plasmodium falciparum cysteine proteinase, supports its role as a malarial hemoglobinase

Erythrocytic malaria parasites degrade hemoglobin as a principal source of amino acids for parasite protein synthesis. We have previously shown that a Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite cysteine proteinase, now termed falcipain, is required for hemoglobin degradation, and we have hypothesized that this proteinase is responsible for initial cleavages of hemoglobin. To further evaluate the biological role of falcipain, we expressed the enzyme in bacterial and viral expression systems. After expression in the baculovirus system, falcipain was enzymatically active and had biochemical properties very similar to those of the native proteinase. Recombinant falcipain rapidly hydrolyzed both denatured and native hemoglobin. Hemoglobin hydrolysis was blocked by cysteine proteinase inhibitors but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteinases. Our results support our hypothesis that falcipain is a critical malarial hemoglobinase that is responsible for both initial cleavages of hemoglobin and the subsequent hydrolysis of globin into small peptides.
Concurrent Optimization of Mechanical Design and Locomotion Control of a Legged Robot

This paper introduces a method to simultaneously optimize design and control parameters for legged robots to improve the performance of locomotion based tasks. The morphology of a quadrupedal robot was optimized for a trotting and bounding gait to achieve a certain speed while tuning the control parameters of a robust locomotion controller at the same time. The results of the optimization show that a change of the structure of the robot can help increase its admissable top speed while using the same actuation units.
The Floating Voter and the Liberal View of Representation

THE surveys of voting behaviour and political opinions made between 1950 and 1962 yielded a fair amount of data about the role of the voter in the British representative system. The significance of these findings (assuming, for the moment, that they were accurate) depends on the extent to which they enhance our understanding of the nature of the representative system and its place in the process of government, an understanding which has itself been influenced by various liberal views about how the political system ought to operate. In this paper we propose, first, to outline some of the main findings; second, to relate them briefly to liberal views about representation; and third, to report some of the findings of a survey which lead us to modify some of the conclusions which seem to follow from earlier work.
Effects of Urotensin II Receptor Antagonist, GSK1440115, in Asthma

Background: Urotensin II (U-II) is highly expressed in the human lung and has been implicated in regulating respiratory physiology in preclinical studies. Our objective was to test antagonism of the urotensin (UT) receptor by GSK1440115, a novel, competitive, and selective inhibitor of the UT receptor, as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of asthma. Methods: Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single doses of GSK1440115 (1–750 mg) were assessed in a Phase I, placebo controlled study in 70 healthy subjects. In a Phase Ib study, 12 asthmatic patients were randomized into a two-period, single-blind crossover study and treated with single doses of 750 mg GSK1440115 or placebo and given a methacholine challenge. Results: Administration of GSK1440115 was safe and well-tolerated in healthy subjects and asthmatic patients. In both studies, there was a high degree of variability in the observed PK following oral dosing with GSK1440115 at all doses. There was a marked food effect in healthy subjects at the 50 mg dose. In the presence of food at the 750 mg dose, the time to maximal concentration was between 2 and 6 h and the terminal half-life was short at approximately 2 h. All asthmatic patients maintained greater than the predicted concentration levels necessary to achieve predicted 96% receptor occupancy for ≥3 h (between 4 and 7 h post-dose). There were no apparent trends or relationships between the systemic plasma exposure of GSK1440115 and pharmacodynamic endpoints, PC20 after methacholine challenge and FEV1, in asthmatics. Conclusion: While GSK1440115 was safe and well-tolerated, it did not induce bronchodilation in asthmatics, or protect against methacholine-induced bronchospasm, suggesting that acute UT antagonism is not likely to provide benefit as an acute bronchodilator in this patient population.
Comparative Effectiveness of Three Therapeutic Modalities in the Psychological Treatment of Pathological Gambling: Long-Term Outcome

The aim of this paper was to test the comparative effectiveness of three therapeutic modalities: a) individual stimulus control and exposure with response prevention; b) group cognitive restructuring; and c) a+b in the treatment of pathological gambling with slot machines. An additional waiting-list group was used to evaluate the spontaneous evolution of the non-treated gamblers. The sample consisted of 64 patients selected according to DSM-III-R criteria. A multigroup experimental design with repeated measures (pretreatment, posttreatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up) was used. Most treated patients gave up gambling as well as improved, albeit more slowly, in family/social and psychological functioning. The success rate was higher in the individual treatment compared both to group and combined treatment. There was also an improvement in gambling in the control group between the pretreatment and the 6–month follow-up and there was no difference between the combined treatment and control group. Individual stimulus control and exposure with response prevention appears to be a cost-effective therapy for pathological gambling. Implications of this study for clinical practice and future research in this field are discussed.
Functional genetic variants of XRCC4 and ERCC1 predict survival of gastric cancer patients treated with chemotherapy by regulating the gene expression

DNA repair protects genomic integrity and may modulate chemotherapy efficacy. Few large‐scale studies have evaluated predictive roles of genetic variants of DNA repair genes in survival of Chinese gastric cancer (GCa) patients treated with chemotherapy. Here, we assessed the roles of 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes in survival of 1002 GCa patients, of whom 694 received chemotherapy and 308 did not. Among patients receiving chemotherapy, the ERCC1 rs2298881A allele was associated with a better survival [hazards ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69‐0.98; P = 0.03], whereas two XRCC4 SNPs were associated with a worse survival (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03‐1.54 for the rs10040363G allele, P = 0.02; and HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06‐1.59 for the rs2075685T allele, P = 0.01). These three SNPs were unique survival predictors for patients treated with chemotherapy (P < 0.05 for all) but not for patients without chemotherapy (P > 0.05 for all), suggesting that they modulated chemotherapy efficacy. Patients who received chemotherapy and had haplotypes with at least one death‐risk allele in XRCC4 had a poor survival, and the trend for an increase in the number of death‐risk alleles adversely affecting the survival was also observed in an allelic dose‐dependent manner (Ptrend = 0.001). Further functional analysis revealed that the death‐risk alleles up‐regulated the gene expression, leading to a worse survival as suggested by our meta‐analysis pooling both mRNA microarray data from the GEO database and published data (ERCC1: HR = 1.31 [1.08‐1.58]; P = 0.006). These functional genetic variants may independently or jointly affect survival in chemotherapy‐treated GCa patients by modulating the gene expression in the tumors.
IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST NATIVE AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ALBUMINS IN MICE

Immune cells induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its methylated derivative (MBSA) have been compared in a cooperative cell transfer system for their content of BSA-specific antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP, B) and BSA-specific helper (T) cells. When MBSA immune cells were transferred together with hapten-primed cells into recipient mice which were stimulated by a hapten-BSA conjugate, their cooperative secondary anti-hapten response was as good as in case of transferred BSA immune cells. Their secondary anti-BSA response, however, was markedly reduced (reduction factor > 30). Hapten-MBSA conjugates had the same capacity to react with BSA-specific helper cells in the cooperative secondary anti-hapten response as hapten-BSA conjugates but had a reduced ability to react with BSA-specific AFCP cells. In spite of the pronounced reduction of the B cell response, MBSA had the same threshold dose as BSA for activating BSA-specific T cells. These data suggest that B and T cells recognize different epitopes on the BSA molecule, only those recognized by B cells being affected by the methylation procedure.