Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Symptoms And A Cure: A Contribution To The Economics Of The Dutch Disease

This paper presents a dynamic model that gives an account of some of the forms that the Dutch Disease can take through both product and labour markets. These involve an effect of primary sector output - through real wages and the level and volatility of real-exchange rates - on secondary sector employment, output, and investment. We then look at data from Iceland - which is probably the only OECD country that may have a serious problem of this sort - and look for evidence supporting our hypotheses. We find a clear effect of primary sector output and its volatility on real wages but not on the real exchange rate, defined as a ratio of the prices of traded and non-traded goods. Moreover, real wages are shown to impede output, investment and employment in the secondary sector.
Homeless Youth and Educational Policy: A Case Study of Urban Youth in a Metropolitan Area

This chapter examines the educational barriers that homeless youth face in one large urban area. The text reviews the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act and discusses how California has attempted to follow the federal mandates, and the implications for Los Angeles. The chapter utilizes interviews with 120 homeless youth and 45 policymakers, school counselors, and after-school program coordinators in Los Angeles to understand how youth experience the education system. The authors identify aspects of the federal mandate that impede the educational progress of homeless youth. The findings highlight that homeless youth are not a homogenous group and educational supports need to be designed recognizing the diversity of their needs. Implications for policy and program implementation are discussed as they pertain to one large city in order to generate future research that might support, contradict, or expand upon the findings.
On the Sensitivity of Solution Components in Linear Systems of Equations

Expressions are presented for the errors in individual components of the solution to systems of linear equations and linear least squares problems. No assumptions about the structure or distribution of the perturbations are made. The resulting "componentwise condition numbers" measure the sensitivity of each solution component to perturbations. It is shown that any linear system has at least one solution component whose sensitivity to perturbations is proportional to the condition number of the matrix; but there may exist many components that are much better conditioned. Unless the perturbations are restricted, no norm-based relative error bound can predict the presence of well-conditioned components, so these componentwise condition numbers are essential. For the class of componentwise perturbations, necessary and sufficient conditions are given under which Skeel's condition numbers are informative, and it is shown that these conditions are similar to conditions where componentwise condition numbers are useful. Numerical experiments not only confirm that these circumstances do occur frequently, they also illustrate that for many classes of matrices the ill conditioning of the matrix is due to a few rows of the inverse only. This means that many of the solution components are computed more accurately than current analyses predict.
Albumin Uptake in OK Cells Exposed to Rotenone: A Model for Studying the Effects of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Endocytosis in the Proximal Tubule?

Background: The renal proximal tubule (PT) is clinically vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction; sub-lethal injury can lead to the Fanconi syndrome, with elevated urinary excretion of low-molecular-weight proteins. As the mechanism that couples mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired PT low-molecular weight protein uptake is unknown, we investigated the effect of respiratory chain (RC) inhibitors on endocytosis of FITC-albumin in PT-derived OK cells. Methods: Uptake of FITC-albumin was quantified using confocal microscopy. Cytosolic ATP levels were measured in real time using both luciferin/luciferase assays and measurements of free [Mg2+]. Reactive oxygen species production was measured using mitosox. Results: RC blockade produced only a small decrease in cytosolic ATP levels and had minimal effect on FITC-albumin uptake. Inhibition of glycolysis caused a much bigger decrease in both cytosolic ATP levels and FITC-albumin endocytosis. Rotenone led to higher rates of reactive oxygen species production than other RC inhibitors. Rotenone also caused widespread structural damage on electron microscopy, which was mimicked by colchicine and prevented by taxol; consistent with inhibition of microtubule polymerisation as the underlying mechanism. Conclusions: Endocytosis of FITC-albumin is ATP-dependent in OK cells, but the cells are very glycolytic and therefore represent a poor metabolic model of the PT. Rotenone has toxic extra-mitochondrial structural effects.
Global Electioneering: Campaign Consulting, Communications, and Corporate Financing

Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 1 Political Communication in the Neoliberal Era Chapter 3 2 Managing the Electorate and the Public Sphere Chapter 4 3 Campaign Professionals and the Tools of Their Trade Chapter 5 4 Postwar Electoral Interventions Chapter 6 5 Globalizing the Political Standard Chapter 7 6 Elections and the Corporate Agenda Chapter 8 7 Professionalization, Election Financing, and Democracy Chapter 9 References
Charm cross-sections for the Tevatron Run II

We present a calculation of the D*+, D+ and D0 meson single inclusive production cross section for the Tevatron Run II. We use the FONLL approach in perturbative QCD, which, besides including the known next-to-leading order corrections, also provides for the resummation at the next-to-leading logarithmic level of terms enhanced at large pT by powers of log (pT/m), where m is the charm mass and pT is its transverse momentum. Non-perturbative effects in charm hadronization are extracted, in moment space, from recent ALEPH data for D* fragmentation in e+e? collisions.
Dunning Delinquent Dads: the Effects of Child Support Enforcement on Child Support Receipt by Never Married Women

Using data from administrative records, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, and the Current Population Survey, we find that the proportion of never married mothers receiving child support rose sharply in the 1980s and 1990s. Using within-state variation over time, we estimate that increased government expenditures on child support are responsible for about one quarter of the upward trend in child support receipt. Our results show that child support expenditures and legislation work best in tandem. States that both increased expenditures and adopted tougher laws experienced the largest increase in the proportion of never married mother families receiving support.
Polynomials in categories with pullbacks

The theory developed by Gambino and Kock, of polynomials over a locally cartesian closed category E, is generalised for E just having pullbacks. The 2-categorical analogue of the theory of polynomials and polynomial functors is given, and its relationship with Street's theory of fibrations within 2-categories is explored. Johnstone's notion of "bagdomain data" is adapted to the present framework to make it easier to completely exhibit examples of polynomial monads.
NHERF1/EBP50 in Breast Cancer: Clinical Perspectives

Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens (PDZ) domain-containing protein that recruits membrane receptors/transporters and cytoplasmic signaling proteins into functional complexes. NHERF1 expression has been demonstrated to be altered in breast cancer, but its role in mammary cancerogenesis and progression remains still undefined. In this paper, we review what is known on the pathological role and the potential clinical application of NHERF1 protein in breast cancer. Recent evidence shows that an increased cytoplasmic expression of NHERF1 suggests a key role of its localization/compartmentalization in defining cancerogenesis, progression, and invasion. NHERF1 overexpression is associated with increasing tumor cytohistological grade, aggressive clinical behavior, unfavorable prognosis, and increased tumor hypoxia. Moreover, NHERF1 co-localizes with the oncogenic receptor HER2/neu in HER2/neu-overexpressing carcinoma and in distant metastases. These data make NHERF1 also a potential candidate of clinical relevance for anti-HER2/neu therapy.
The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Industry Location Decisions: The Motor Vehicle Industry

Air pollution policy has moved steadily toward strict uniformity of regulations across regions. In particular, amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules in the 1970s and early 1980s have promoted a policy designed to reduce regional variation in air pollution controls required of industrial polluters. This policy was based on the premise that differences in environmental regulations would promote locational competition among regions. The fear was that polluting firms would migrate to clean areas where they would be subject to less stringent regulation; thus regions that had not met the federal standards would be unable to compete for new industry and jobs, and rents to existing industry would decline as industry chose less polluted locations. This argument is consistent, for example, with Pashigian's (1985) findings that Congressional voting on the PSD (prevention of significant deterioration) legislation in the late 1970s which "levelled the playing field" across regions, was motivated primarily by this fear of locational competition. Hence, much of regional environmental policy has been based on the premise that many firms place a heavy weight on regional environmental policy when choosing a location. Currently, however, there is little empirical evidence on either the extent of regional variation in pollution reduction requirements or on the extent to which that variation affects industry location decisions. The issue is of critical importance because environmental policy which is uniform across regions is likely to have a high social cost, compared with one that accounts for differences in abatement costs and benefits among regions (see Baumol and Oates 1988). In this paper we use a conditional logit model to examine the impact of a variety of county characteristics on the locations of 50 new branch plants in the motor vehicle industry during 1973-82, a period when there was still substantial variation in envi-
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of the Low/Hard State of the X-Ray Transient Source SWIFT J1753.5–0127

We report the results of simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the X-ray transient source SWIFT J1753.5-0127 performed with INTEGRAL, RXTE, NTT, REM, and VLA on 2005 August 10-12. The source, which underwent an X-ray outburst since 2005 May 30, was observed during the INTEGRAL Target of Opportunity program dedicated to new X-ray novae located in the Galactic halo. Broadband spectra and fast timing variability properties of SWIFT J1753.5-0127 are analyzed together with the optical, near-infrared, and radio data. We show that the source was significantly detected up to 600 keV with Comptonization parameters and timing properties typical of the so-called low/hard state of black hole candidates. We build a spectral energy distribution and show that SWIFT J1753.5-0127 does not follow the usual radio/X-ray correlation of X-ray binaries in the low/hard state. We give estimates of distance and mass. We conclude that SWIFT J1753.5-0127 belongs to the X-ray nova class and that it is likely a black hole candidate transient source of the Galactic halo that remained in the low/hard state during its main outburst. We discuss our results in the context of Comptonization and jet models.
Factors Associated with Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: The BETADECLINE Study

Aims Beta-cell dysfunction is an early event in the natural history of type 2 diabetes. However, its progression is variable and potentially influenced by several clinical factors. We report the baseline data of the BetaDecline study, an Italian prospective multicenter study on clinical predictors of beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Clinical, lifestyle, and laboratory data, including circulating levels of inflammatory markers and non-esterified fatty acids, were collected in 507 type 2 diabetic outpatients on stable treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs or diet for more than 1 year. Beta-cell dysfunction was evaluated by calculating the proinsulin/insulin ratio (P/I). Results At baseline, the subjects in the upper PI/I ratio quartile were more likely to be men and receiving secretagogue drugs; they also showed a borderline longer diabetes duration (P = 0.06) and higher serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides. An inverse trend across all PI/I quartiles was noted for BMI and serum levels of total cholesterol (T-C), LDL-C, HDL-C and C reactive protein (CRP), and with homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-B) and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values (P<0.05 for all). At multivariate analysis, the risk of having a P/I ratio in the upper quartile was higher in the subjects on secretagogue drugs (odds ratio [OR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–6.9) and in the males (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9). Conclusions In the BetaDecline study population, baseline higher PI/I values, a marker of beta-cell dysfunction, were more frequent in men and in patients on secretagogues drugs. Follow-up of this cohort will allow the identification of clinical predictors of beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetic outpatients.
Detecting HTTP Botnet with Clustering Network Traffic

Botnet is a great threat of the Internet nowadays. For now, Botnet has transformed to the complex one based on HTTP, P2P protocols from the simple Botnets which based on IRC protocol. In this paper, we evaluate the key features of HTTP Botnet and design a new method to detect the HTTP Botnet based on feature analysis. The experiment result shows that our method is effective and efficient on detecting HTTP Botnet.
P-Selectin-Mediated Adhesion between Platelets and Tumor Cells Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice

Studies have indicated that platelets play an important role in tumorigenesis, and an abundance of platelets accumulate in the ovarian tumor microenvironment outside the vasculature. However, whether cancer cells recruit platelets within intestinal tumors and how they signal adherent platelets to enter intestinal tumor tissues remain unknown. Here, we unexpectedly found that large numbers of platelets were deposited within human colorectal tumor specimens using immunohistochemical staining, and these platelets were fully associated with tumor development. We further report the robust adhesion of platelet aggregates to tumor cells within intestinal tumors, which occurs via a mechanism that is dependent on P-selectin (CD62P), a cell adhesion molecule that is abundantly expressed on activated platelets. Using spontaneous intestinal tumor mouse models, we determined that the genetic deletion of P-selectin suppressed intestinal tumor growth, which was rescued by the infusion of wild-type platelets but not P-selectin-/- platelets. Mechanistically, platelet adhesion to tumor cells induced the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote angiogenesis and accelerate intestinal tumor cell proliferation. Our results indicate that the adherence of platelets to tumor cells could promote tumor growth and metastasis. By targeting this platelet-tumor cell interaction, recombinant soluble P-selectin may have therapeutic value for the treatment of intestinal tumors.
Educating the Next Wave of Entrepreneurs: Unlocking Entrepreneurial Capabilities to Meet the Global Challenges of the 21st Century

The World Economic Forum’s Global Education Initiative (GEI) report, Educating the Next Wave of Entrepreneurs provides specific recommendations for the academic, public, private and non-profit sectors to collaborate in supporting the development of entrepreneurship ecosystems, in which education is a key driver. The report highlights the importance of entrepreneurship education for developing the skills, attitudes and behaviours necessary to create jobs, generate economic growth, advance human welfare and stimulate innovation to address global challenges. The report provides a landscape of entrepreneurship education practices across the globe covering youth (with a focus on disadvantaged youth), higher education (focusing on high growth entrepreneurship) and social inclusion (with a focus on marginalized communities). This is the first time entrepreneurship education has been considered in such a comprehensive manner.
Stair Descending Exercise Using a Novel Automatic Escalator: Effects on Muscle Performance and Health-Related Parameters

A novel automatic escalator was designed, constructed and used in the present investigation. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the effect of two repeated sessions of stair descending versus stair ascending exercise on muscle performance and health-related parameters in young healthy men. Twenty males participated and were randomly divided into two equal-sized groups: a stair descending group (muscle-damaging group) and a stair ascending group (non-muscle-damaging group). Each group performed two sessions of stair descending or stair ascending exercise on the automatic escalator while a three week period was elapsed between the two exercise sessions. Indices of muscle function, insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile and redox status were assessed before and immediately after, as well as at day 2 and day 4 after both exercise sessions. It was found that the first bout of stair descending exercise caused muscle damage, induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress as well as affected positively blood lipid profile. However, after the second bout of stair descending exercise the alterations in all parameters were diminished or abolished. On the other hand, the stair ascending exercise induced only minor effects on muscle function and health-related parameters after both exercise bouts. The results of the present investigation indicate that stair descending exercise seems to be a promising way of exercise that can provoke positive effects on blood lipid profile and antioxidant status.
Reconceptualizing school-based curriculum development

Part 1 Settings and issues: the contexts - Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States of America towards a reconceptualization of SBCD. Part 2 Case studies: Australia - establishing a unit curriculum for years 8-10 at River Valley Senior High School Canada - school-based curriculum deliberation United States of America - school-based curriculum development in Chester - revising a curriculum United Kingdom - managing curriculum development at Branston School and Community College. Part 3 Issues and prospects: re-examination of factors affecting SBCD current and future issues.
Testing for Trade-Induced Investment-Led Growth

Many studies have found a positive correlation between trade and growth, but do not attempt to identify the economic mechanisms involved. This paper attempts to identify one of the mechanisms linking trade and growth. In particular, we present a novel theoretical model that establishes a link between trade liberalization and investment-led growth. Estimating equations are derived from the model and estimated with three stage least squares on a cross-country data sample. We find that domestic protection depresses investment and thereby slows growth. Foreign trade barriers also lower domestic investment, but the anti-investment effect is weaker and is less robust to sample and specification changes.
Active Learning Strategies in Physics Teaching.

The purpose of this study was to determine physics teachers’ opinions about studentcentered activities applicable in physics teaching and learning in context. A case study approach was used in this research. First, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 6 physics teachers. Then, a questionnaire was developed based on the data obtained from the interviews. This questionnaire was implemented to 40 physics teachers in Amasya, a small provincial city in Turkey. Finally, a semi-structured observation chart was used in physics lessons to determine how these activities were demonstrated. In this way, the relation between teachers’ views about active learning techniques and their actual implementation were compared. The findings indicated that although teachers were aware of student-centered physics instruction, they were still using traditional techniques widely.
Serum Brain–Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels Are Associated With Risk of Stroke and Vascular Brain Injury: Framingham Study

Background and Purpose— Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major neurotrophin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have a documented role in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuronal survival. In animal experiments, they impact infarct size and functional motor recovery after an ischemic brain lesion. We sought to examine the association of serum BDNF and VEGF with the risk of clinical stroke or subclinical vascular brain injury in a community-based sample. Methods— In 3440 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 65±11 years; 56% women) who were free of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), we related baseline BDNF and logVEGF to risk of incident stroke/TIA. In a subsample with brain MRI and with neuropsychological tests available (n=1863 and 2104, respectively; mean age, 61±9 years, 55% women, in each), we related baseline BDNF and logVEGF to log-white matter hyperintensity volume on brain MRI, and to visuospatial memory and executive function tests. Results— During a median follow-up of 10 years, 193 participants experienced incident stroke/TIA. In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, and traditional stroke risk factors, lower BDNF and higher logVEGF levels were associated with an increased risk of incident stroke/TIA (hazard ratio comparing BDNF Q1 versus Q2–Q4, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–2.00; P=0.012 and hazard ratio/SD increase in logVEGF, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.40; P=0.012). Persons with higher BDNF levels had less log-white matter hyperintensity volume (&bgr;±SE=−0.05±0.02; P=0.025), and better visual memory (&bgr;±SE=0.18±0.07; P=0.005). Conclusions— Lower serum BDNF and higher VEGF concentrations were associated with increased risk of incident stroke/TIA. Higher levels of BDNF were also associated with less white matter hyperintensity and better visual memory. Our findings suggest that circulating BDNF and VEGF levels modify risk of clinical and subclinical vascular brain injury.
Polysilicon resistor degradation - modeling and mechanism

The resistance degradation of lightly doped Polysilicon Resistors (PR's) has been studied in detail, and the degradation rate statistically modelled. After accounting for Joule Heating [1], the resistance degradation is still observed to depend on current, indicating that current affects the degradation independent of Joule Heating.