Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Oral Antihyperglycemic (Sulfonylurea or Metformin) Medication Adherence and Hemoglobin A1c Goal Attainment for HMO Patients Enrolled in a Diabetes Disease Management Program

BACKGROUND: There is limited information in the primary literature regarding the relationship of medication adherence to attainment of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (A1c) goals. The 2 oral antihyperglycemic medications, sulfonylurea and/or metformin, were chosen for retrospective analysis because they are the 2 most common oral medications used by patients with diabetes. OBJECTIVES: To describe the relationship between adherence with 1 or both of 2 oral antihyperglycemic medications (sulfonylurea and metformin) and A1c goal attainment for health maintenance organization (HMO) patients enrolled in a diabetes disease management program. METHODS: This was a retrospective, descriptive evaluation of patients enrolled in a managed care diabetes disease management program in a 188,000-member independent practice association model HMO located in the Southeast. The dataset in this analysis contained demographic, enrollment, pharmacy claims, and clinical laboratory data. Continuously enrolled patients were included if there was a documented A1c value obtained at least 90 days after the initial oral antihyperglycemic medication (sulfonylurea or metformin) prescription index date. The medication possession ratio (MPR) was calculated from the pharmacy claim records and correlated with the A1c value. RESULTS: A total of 42% of patients on sulfonylurea therapy and 46% of those on metformin reached an A1c goal of d7.0%. For patients taking a sulfonylurea, the mean MPR for those who reached the predetermined A1c goal (d7.0) was 0.82 (±0.29) compared with 0.72 (±0.31) for those patients who did not reach the A1c target goal (P less than0.001). For patients taking metformin, the mean MPR for those who reached the predetermined A1c goal was 0.77 (±0.3) versus 0.62 (±0.3) for those patients who did not reach the A1c target goal (P less than0.001). A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the MPR and A1c for sulfonylurea (r =-0.295, P less than0.001) and for metformin (r=-0.285, P less than0.001). For those patients taking both sulfonylurea and metformin, the Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the 2 MPRs (r=0.65, P less than0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Medication adherence as measured by the MPR was higher for patients taking a sulfonylurea or metformin who reached the target A1c goal of d7.0% compared with patients taking these drugs who did not reach the target A1c goal.
Ossifying Fibroma of the Mandible – Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare neoplasm of the craniofacial skeleton. It can affect all ages, although it is discovered mostly in the second to fourth decade of life. It occurs predominantly in females and most common site is the mandible (molar and premolar region). OF is a benign tumor with usually slow and asymptomatic development. In some cases described as “juvenile” more rapid and aggressive behavior is observed. Materials and Methods: We report a case of 26-year-old woman with OF of the mandible that was presented to our department. The patient was referred to us for clinical evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of an asymptomatic, mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesion from second left madibular incisor to the first left mandibular premolar. A decision for excisional biopsy was taken. Results and Conclusion: The patient underwent operation under local anesthesia – enucleation of the tumor and peripheral osteotomy, the histopathological findings were conclusive with OF. No recurrence was seen after 2 years follow up.
New Rhetoric's Empire: Pragmatism, Dogmatism, and Sophism

There are at least two reasons to devote some attention to sophism when dealing with the relationship between philosophy and rhetoric in the context of Franco-American intellectual exchanges. The first reason is that it lies at the very origin of classical philosophy which could be described as resulting directly from the way in which Plato and Aristotle succeeded in separating the realm of rhetoric from the realm of philosophy. The second reason arises out of the way in which Durkheim, the founder of French academic sociology, thought it necessary to establish a clear distinction between sociology and pragmatism. This was done in a course given at the Sorbonne during the academic year 1913-14. The course could be considered a direct answer to the lectures on pragmatism given by William James at the Lowell Institute in Boston in 1906-7 (Durkheim 1955). From the very beginning of his talk, Durkheim expresses an extremely ambivalent point of view. On the one hand, pragmatism, better than any other doctrine,.
Differential effects of strain on two forms of work performance: individual employee sales and creativity

In this research, we develop and test a model of the links between psychological strain (subjective experiences of feeling conflict and tension) and work performance. Our model includes two types of strain (work strain and home strain) and two forms of work performance (quantity of individual sales performance and creativity). Thus we acknowledge the importance of work and non-work sources of strain as well as the multidimensional nature of work performance. We test the proposed relationships with data collected over six months from a field sample of 195 hair salon stylists (personal service workers who interact directly with customers and provide services directly to individuals and not to other firms). Results demonstrate a positive relation between work strain and individual employee sales performance and a negative relation between home strain and employee creativity at work. Leader–member exchange moderated the effects of work strain and home strain on creativity. We discuss findings and implications, emphasizing multiple roles, the importance of differentiating types of strain, and the multidimensionality of work performance. We conclude by suggesting that strain may be particularly relevant to work performance of employees in jobs like those in our sample which are characterized by high social interdependence and low task interdependence. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformational leadership, work engagement, and occupational success

Purpose – The aim of the present study is to give insights into the interplay between leadership, well‐being and occupational success by examining the indirect effect of transformational leadership on subjective occupational success mediated by work engagement.Design/methodology/approach – A gender‐sensitive approach was applied in order to reveal possible differences in the relations and to deduce gender‐specific recommendations. Data were retrieved from 530 women and 602 men. The participants were questioned on their leader's behavior, their work engagement, and occupational success.Findings – Results show significant positive relations between transformational leadership, work engagement, and subjective occupational success for men and women. Work engagement is found to partially mediate the relation between transformational leadership and subjective occupational success. A significantly higher mediation effect was found for women, although the mediation is present in both gender groups.Practical impli.
Trimellitic anhydride-induced eosinophilia in a mouse model of occupational asthma.

Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a low-molecular-weight chemical known to cause occupational asthma. The present study was designed to determine if TMA elicited eosinophil infiltration into lungs of sensitized mice similar to previous studies with the protein allergen ovalbumin (OA). BALB/c mice were sensitized intradermally with 0.1 ml of 3% TMA or 0.3% OA in corn oil followed by intratracheal instillation with TMA conjugated to mouse serum albumin (TMA-MSA; 30 or 400 microg) or OA (30 microg). Nonsensitized mice received corn oil vehicle intradermally and MSA (30 microg) intratracheally. The allergic response was elicited 3 weeks later by intratracheal instillation of 30 or 400 microg TMA-MSA, OA, or control MSA. Cellular infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) was determined 72 h later. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung homogenates was used as an estimate of numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, in lung tissue. In TMA-sensitized mice, TMA-MSA challenge significantly increased numbers of eosinophils in BAL and EPO in lung, indicating an increase in number of eosinophils in the airway and tissue. In nonsensitized mice, TMA-MSA challenge also caused a small but significant increase in eosinophils in BAL compared to MSA control. Total IgE in both plasma and BAL was significantly higher in TMA-sensitized compared to nonsensitized mice. The eosinophil infiltration in TMA-sensitized mice was similar in magnitude to the response in OA-sensitized mice. These studies are the first to demonstrate TMA-induced eosinophilia in mouse lung and to provide a model for comparing mechanisms and mediators responsible for the substantial eosinophilia induced by TMA and OA.
Objectivity and Subjectivity: an Argument for Rethinking the Philosophy Syllabus

Abstract An analysis of the concepts of subjectivity and objectivity at work in standard introductions to philosophy reveals an oversight of self-knowledge and tracing the move from a common-sense culture to a scientific one throws up the idea of self-appropriation as the hidden heart of modern thought. The aftermath of the rise of modern physics has been a picture of reality as alienated from our commonly experienced sense of purposes, aims, and intentions as defining our everyday lives, what we may call our “subjectivity”. The existentialist reaction to this has been stifled by this Cartesian dichotomy but the non-sceptical neo-Thomist approach of Bernard Lonergan uncovers the element of self-reflective judgment in knowledge and grounds an act of self-affirmation, thematizing responsibility and agency. I present, with critique, influential moments in the genesis of the received notions of objectivity and of subjectivity, and argue for the inadequacy of Nagel’s problemati-zation of these categories of contemporary thought. With the aim of suggesting a rethink of how philosophy questions are framed in our syllabus I argue two recent papers by colleagues exhibit this very oversight of self-knowledge.
The Contribution of Training and Subject Matter Knowledge to Teaching Effectiveness: A Multilevel Analysis of Longitudinal Evidence from Belize

Differentes recherches ont etabli l'influence des enseignants sur la qualite de l'apprentissage des enfants. La question est de savoir ce qui rend un enseignant plus performant qu'un autre. Quatre indicateurs, etudies par les AA. , peuvent etre utilises dans ce but : les acquisitions pedagogiques des enseignants, leurs participations dans les programmes d'etudes, leurs connaissances des matieres enseignees et leurs strategies pedagogiques
Distance Education in High Schools: Benefits, Challenges, and Suggestions

that occurs when the instructor and student are separated by distance, time, or both (WCET 2004). Some common technologies used in distance education are videotape, broadcast television, ITFS (instructional television fixed service), satellite, interactive video, audio tapes, audio conferencing, CD-ROM, and computer (WCET 2004). More recently, the computer and Internet have played a large role in distance education through computer-based instruction (CBI) and Webbased (online) courses. These innovations have changed the face of distance education and revolutionized the concepts of teaching and training. In CBI, the computer is the primary medium for instruction and learning; in online instruction, the learning is delivered via the Web and often through a Learning Management System (LMS; Wise 2004). Distance education, specifically online courses, now is commonly judged by the number of schools and colleges advertising for diplomas or degrees without leaving one's home (see Florida's Virtual High School or the University of Phoenix). Fast becoming a reality are "virtual high schools" (VHS) in which the entire school has access to online courses (Emeagwali 2004; Winograd 2002). It is estimated that 25 percent of public schools have distance learning programs, while nineteen states have officially recognized VHS (Emeagwali 2004). Although online education has increased, it has not been without challenges. Teaching distance education is not the same as teaching in a face-to-face environment; administration of distance education programs requires different experience; and for students, learning in face-to-face environments is unlike learning online. Because of the growing demand for distance education and the unique experience it creates, it is important for high schools to know the benefits, pitfalls, and challenges of distance education and VHS. This article looks at particular formats of distance education in high schools and the benefits and challenges of each. It also provides suggestions for teaching online courses.
Autologous Fat Transfer for Periorbital Rejuvenation: Indications, Technique, and Complications

BACKGROUND The periorbital region is one of the first facial regions to show signs of aging. Traditional surgical approaches consisted of lifting and excisional procedures including brow lifts and blepharoplasties. Suboptimal results, however, have led surgeons to reassess their approach to the periorbita to address volume loss. OBJECTIVE In this article, we review the shortcomings of brow lifting and blepharoplasty procedures and discuss the volume loss that occurs with aging. We present our approach of rejuvenating the periorbital region through volume restoration using autologous fat transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of fat transfer technique for the periorbital region is presented. RESULTS Before and after photos are presented demonstrating periorbital rejuvenation. CONCLUSION Surgeons performing cosmetic surgery should reconsider their approach to the periorbital region and enhance their results through autologous fat transplantation.
Differentiation between active and inactive human brucellosis by measuring antiprotein humoral immune responses

A preparation of Brucella abortus cytoplasmic proteins was depleted of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by immunoadsorption with a monoclonal antibody (MAb), BC68, specific for the O antigen of B. abortus smooth LPS. Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems were developed and used in this study. The first system includes an LPS-free cytoplasmic protein preparation; the second one was based on antigen capture on MAb BC68. By using these systems, we have demonstrated that 94% (33 of 35) of the brucellosis patients studied showed immunoglobulin G antiprotein response and also that all of the patients showed a strong anti-LPS reactivity. Thirty-six serologically positive individuals with no active infection at the time of examination (SPI) were also included. No immunoglobulin G antibodies against proteins were detected in 34 of them (92%), whereas 31 SPI (86%) showed various degrees of anti-LPS reactivity. The use of the LPS-free protein extract in ELISAs made it possible to establish differential reactivity patterns between active and inactive brucellosis.
Trainees' Expectations for the Supervisory Process: Testing a Developmental Model

Based on Stoltenberg's developmental theory and the literature on supervision as a social influence process, a prediction model of trainees' general expectations for the supervisory process was tested. Beginning and advanced practicum students and interns completed a self-efficacy inventory and indicated their outcome expectancies for supervision with respect to their own and their clients' development. Dependent variables were expectations for supervisors' attributes (expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness) and role (evaluation, support). All of these process dimensions were significantly predicted from trainees' self-efficacy and outcome expectancies, while level of training was of minimal predictive value. In general, trainees expected supervisors to be significantly more trustworthy than expert, more expert than attractive, and more evaluative than supportive.
Comparison of the cuff pressure of a TaperGuard endotracheal tube and a cylindrical endotracheal tube after lateral rotation of head during middle ear surgery

Background: Positional change affects the cuff pressure of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in treacheally intubated patients. We compared the cuff pressure of a TaperGuard ETT and a cylindrical ETT after lateral rotation of head during middle ear surgery. Methods: Fifty-two patients aged 18–70 years underwent a tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive endotracheal intubation with cylindrical (group C, n = 26) or TaperGuard ETTs (group T, n = 26). After endotracheal intubation, the ETT cuff pressure was set at 22 cmH2O in the neutral position of head. After lateral rotation of head, the cuff pressure was measured again and readjusted to 22 cmH2O. In addition, the change of distance from the carina to the tip of the ETT was measured before and after the positional change. The incidence of cough, sore throat, and hoarseness was assessed at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after surgery. Results: There was no difference in demographic data between groups. After lateral rotation of head, the cuff pressure significantly increased in group T (11.9 ± 2.3 cmH2O) compared with group C (6.0 ± 1.9 cmH2O) (P < 0.001). The incidence of a cuff pressure >30 cmH2O was higher in group T (96.2%) than in group C (30.8%) (P < 0.001). In addition, the degree of displacement of an ETT was greater in group T (11.0 ± 1.7 mm) than in group C (7.2 ± 2.6 mm) (P < 0.001). The overall incidences of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, and cough at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after surgery were comparable between two groups. Conclusion: The cuff pressure was higher in the TaperGuard ETT than in the cylindrical ETT after positional change of head from neutral to lateral rotation. In addition, after a positional change, the extent of displacement of ETT was greater in the TaperGuard ETT than in the cylindrical ETT.
Modulation of Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents in rabbit portal vein smooth muscle by an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake

1 The effects of carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, was investigated on the properties of Ca2+‐activated chloride currents (ICl(Ca)) in rabbit portal vein smooth muscle cells using the perforated patch whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique to ascertain whether this Ca2+ uptake process influences the time course of the subsarcolemmal Ca2+ signal that activates ICl(Ca). 2 In cells bathed in either physiological calcium (2 mm Ca2+o) or high calcium (10 mm Ca2+o) external solutions, application of CCCP (1–2 μm) evoked an inward current and prolonged the exponential decay time constant (τ) of Ca2+‐activated Cl−‘tail’ currents (Itall) evoked by Ca2+ influx through voltage‐dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). The effect of CCCP on τ was greater in cells where the amplitude of Itall was relatively large and, in different cells, the effect of CCCP on T was positively correlated with the amplitude of Itall. 3 CCCP abolished spontaneously occurring transient Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents (STICs), but did not alter their time course before complete block. 4 Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid (inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic Ca2+‐ATPase) inhibited STICs, but did not affect the decay of Itall or STICs. 5 In conclusion, when Ca2+ enters the cell through VDCCs, the time course of the consequent Ca2+ signal in the subsarcolemmal domain containing Ca2+‐activated chloride channels appears to be regulated by Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria. In contrast, inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase does not seem to influence the time course of ICl(Ca).
Doing the right thing? does fair share capitalism improve workplace performance

The paper considers whether ‘fair share capitalism’ improves workplace productivity. ‘Fair share capitalism’ (FSC) is a generic term for the financial mechanism that links employees’ pay to group or company performance. The traditional rationale for FSC is that where employers find it difficult or costly to monitor inputs they will choose to pay for outputs. FSC can then be used to align worker and employer objectives in maximising those outputs, provided any free-rider problem from group FSC can be overcome. This implies a potential to reduce managerial monitoring (MM) of inputs where one is able to reward outputs through FSC. At the same time, it seems likely that employers will only want to link pay to performance, and employees will only be prepared to shoulder the additional risk to their income of doing so, where there is autonomy in employee decision-making (EDM) which permits employees to affect output. These relationships are explored with data for the private sector from the 2004 British Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS 2004). FSC is positively associated with employer perceptions of EDM, but not employee perceptions of EDM. Contrary to expectations, FSC is strongly positively associated with MM. FSC is positively associated with labour productivity. However, the productivity results are sensitive to the type of FSC scheme, its coverage and the measure of labour productivity used. The positive association between productivity and FSC was most apparent in workplaces with high EDM.
Changes in sociodemographic characteristics at baseline in two Swedish cohorts of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed 1996–98 and 2006–09

Objectives: To compare baseline sociodemographic characteristics in two rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts enrolled 10 years apart, and to examine differences with respect to the general population. Method: Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected in 320 early RA patients during 1996–98 (TIRA-1) and 467 patients in 2006–09 (TIRA-2). Multivariate logistic regression tests were performed and intercohort comparisons were related to general population data, obtained from official databases. Results: TIRA-2 patients were older than TIRA-1 (58 vs. 56 years). Women (both cohorts, 67%) were younger than men in TIRA-1 (55 vs. 59 years) and in TIRA-2 (57 vs. 61 years). Disease activity was similar but TIRA-2 women scored worse pain and worse on the HAQ. Approximately 73% were cohabiting, in both cohorts and in the general population. Education was higher in TIRA-2 than in TIRA-2 but still lower than in the general population. Women had consistently higher education than men. Education was associated with age, younger patients having higher education. In both cohorts, lower education was associated with increased disability pension and increased sick leave. Sick leave was lower in TIRA-2 than in TIRA-1 (37% vs. 50%) but disability pension was higher (16% vs. 10%). In TIRA-1, 9% of women had disability pension compared with 17% in TIRA-2. A similar decrease in sick leave and an increase in disability pension were also seen in the general population. Older age and a higher HAQ score were associated with increased sick leave and being in the TIRA-2 cohort was associated with decreased sick leave. Conclusions: TIRA-2 patients were slightly older, better educated, had lower sick leave and higher disability pension than those in TIRA-1. Similar changes were seen simultaneously in the general population. Belonging to the TIRA-2 cohort was associated with decreased sick leave, indicating that societal changes are of importance.