Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spacing Effects in Real-World Classroom Vocabulary Learning

Summary: As a primary goal, educators often strive to maximize the amount of information pupils remember. In the lab, psychologists havefoundefficient memory strategies forretainingschool-related materials.Onesuch strategyis thespacingeffect, a memory advantage that occurs when learning is distributed across time instead of crammed into a single study session. Spaced learning is not often explicitly utilized in actual classrooms, perhaps due to a paucity of research in applied settings and with school-aged children. The current study examined the spacing effect in real-world fifth-grade classrooms. We taught 39 children unfamiliar English words using both massed and spaced learning. Five weeks later, we tested vocabulary recall. One-week spacing produced superior long-term retention compared to massed learning. This finding demonstrates that the spacing effect can be generalized to vocabulary learning in applied settings and middle-school-aged children. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable Model Selection for Large-Scale Factorial Relational Models

With a growing need to understand large-scale networks, factorial relational models, such as binary matrix factorization models (BMFs), have become important in many applications. Although BMFs have a natural capability to uncover overlapping group structures behind network data, existing inference techniques have issues of either high computational cost or lack of model selection capability, and this limits their applicability. For scalable model selection of BMFs, this paper proposes stochastic factorized asymptotic Bayesian (sFAB) inference that combines concepts in two recently-developed techniques: stochastic variational inference (SVI) and FAB inference. sFAB is a highly-efficient algorithm, having both scalability and an inherent model selection capability in a single inference framework. Empirical results show the superiority of sFAB/BMF in both accuracy and scalability over state-of-the-art inference methods for overlapping relational models.
The Peculiar Velocities of Satellites of External Disk Galaxies

We analyze the angular distribution and the orbital rotation directions of a sample of carefully selected satellite galaxies about disk galaxy primaries extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We complement this analysis with a theoretical study of these statistics in an N-body simulation of cosmological structure formation set within the ΛCDM paradigm under various assumptions for the orientations of disk angular momenta. Under the assumption that the angular momenta of the disks are aligned with the angular momenta of the inner regions of their host dark matter halos, we find that the fraction of simulated satellite halos that exhibit prograde motion is fprog ≈ 0.55-0.60, with larger satellites more likely to be prograde. In our observational sample, approximately 60% of the satellites exhibit prograde motion, a result that is broadly consistent with the simulated sample. Our observational sample of satellite galaxies shows no evidence for an anisotropic satellite distribution relative to disk primaries; however, the small sample size does not yet support a statistically significant comparison to previous studies of satellite anisotropy. Again, this result is broadly consistent with our simulated sample of satellites under the assumption that disk and halo angular momenta are aligned. However, the small size of our observational sample does not yet allow us to distinguish between various assumptions regarding the orientations of disks in their halos. Finally, we present an assessment of the importance of contamination by interlopers on the measured prograde and retrograde statistics.
Vacuum Tribological Properties of Titanium Enhanced via Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing Pretreatment and Plasma Nitriding

ABSTRACT For the purpose of enhancing the vacuum friction-reducing and antiwear performance of UNS R50400 Ti, ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) has been introduced as pretreatment of plasma nitriding (PN). Various nitriding temperatures from 650 to 950°C have been adopted to investigate the effects of USRP pretreatment on plasma nitriding of Ti. The results of experiments show that the friction-reducing and antiwear performance are enhanced by USRP pretreatment when the PN temperature is below 750°C, resulting from the formation of thicker and harder nitriding layer with a reasonable gradient structure. Nevertheless, USRP pretreatment results in a rough surface and a large-sized columnar crystal gradient structure when the PN temperature is above 750°C, leading to poor vacuum tribological performance. In aggregate, USRP pretreatment is an effective pretreatment to decrease the optimized plasma-nitriding temperature from 850 to 750°C.
The Effect of a Nutrient Fortified Oat Drink on Iron, Zinc, Vitamin A, and Vitamin C Status among Filipino Children

The effectiveness of consuming a nutrient fortified oat drink on iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C status was assessed among a cohort of school-aged Filipino children. Ultimate study implementation permitted only a within-subject comparison of change in nutritional status after four months of consuming a nutrient fortified oat drink. Thirty-eight anemic children (5-8 years) consumed an oat drink fortified with iron as NaFeEDTA, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C for 120 days. Height, weight, serum nutrient levels, anemia status and dietary intake were assessed pre and post intervention. Thirty-four anemic children completed the intervention. After 4 months of intervention, prevalence of anemia decreased by 68% and significant improvements in iron and vitamin A status were observed. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fortified oat drink in alleviating anemia in young children and highlight the value of fortification programs Keywords—Anemia, Children, Fortified Oat Drink, Nutrient status
Compressed sensing for fusion frames

Compressed Sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition technique that allows sampling of sparse signals using significantly fewer measurements than previously thought possible. On the other hand, a fusion frame is a new signal representation method that uses collections of subspaces instead of vectors to represent signals. This work combines these exciting new fields to introduce a new sparsity model for fusion frames. Signals that are sparse under the new model can be compressively sampled and uniquely reconstructed in ways similar to sparse signals using standard CS. The combination provides a promising new set of mathematical tools and signal models useful in a variety of applications. With the new model, a sparse signal has energy in very few of the subspaces of the fusion frame, although it needs not be sparse within each of the subspaces it occupies. We define a mixed ℓ1/ℓ2 norm for fusion frames. A signal sparse in the subspaces of the fusion frame can thus be sampled using very few random projections and exactly reconstructed using a convex optimization that minimizes this mixed ℓ1/ℓ2 norm. The sampling conditions we derive are very similar to the coherence and RIP conditions used in standard CS theory.
Observations on the seasonal occurrence of two species of transversotrematid digenea parasitising the sparid fish Acanthopagrus australis in Moreton Bay, eastern Australia.

Ectoparasitic Prototransversotrema steeri Angel infected Acanthopagrus australis (Günther) in western (W. Bay) and southern (S. Bay) Moreton Bay with greatest abundance in winter (June-August), and none in summer (December-February). This confirms previous observations on seasonality of P. steeri from a small estuary in New South Wales. Transversotrema licinum Manter, which is a new host and geographical record, infects A. australis in W. Bay but not S. Bay, with large abundances in summer and winter, lowest abundance in spring. Increased size of P. steeri in winter in S. Bay could be explained by increased size of fish sampled since fish length and size of each parasite species were correlated positively. Transversotrema licinum increased in size from summer to winter irrespective of fish size. Number of eggs in utero and parasite size were correlated for both species; worms in mid-size range had most eggs, and P. steeri had more eggs (average = 19.2, 0-80) than T. licinum (3.3, 0-21); eggs were similar in length. Number of eggs per parasite, adjusted for parasite size, was greatest in autumn (P. steeri) or summer (T. licinum), i.e. early in infection period. Spawning migration to eastern Moreton Bay did not influence number of eggs per parasite.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with oral antiviral therapy retain a higher risk for HCC compared with patients with inactive stage disease

Background It is generally stated that oral antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) decreases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although oral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) may induce a state similar to inactive stage CHB, the long-term risk for HCC in patients treated with NUCs compared with inactive CHB is unclear. Methods A total of 1378 patients who were treatment naïve and started NUC therapy and 1014 patients with inactive stage CHB who were HBeAg-negative and continuously had hepatitis B DNA <2000 IU/mL during follow-up were enrolled. The NUC group was divided into two groups by continuous viral suppression: NUC complete responder (CR) group and NUC incomplete responder (IR) group. Cumulative HCC incidence rates were compared between the groups. Results The risk of developing HCC was significantly higher in the NUC CR group compared with the inactive CHB group, regardless of the presence of baseline liver cirrhosis (p<0.001). Risk factors associated with the development of HCC were treatment groups (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) and the presence of liver cirrhosis at baseline (p=0.005). Of the NUC group, the cumulative incidence of HCC in the NUC IR group was significantly higher compared with the NUC CR group (p=0.028). Conclusions The use of potent oral antiviral therapy can effectively suppress HBV replication in patients with CHB. However, the risk of HCC development in patients treated with oral antiviral agent is still significantly higher than patients with inactive stage CHB.
Heart Rate Recovery is an Important Predictor of Outcomes in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease–Associated Pulmonary Hypertension

Reduced heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is associated with increased mortality in cardiac and pulmonary diseases. We sought to evaluate the association between HRR after the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and outcomes in patients with connective tissue disease–associated pulmonary hypertension (CTD-PH). Data were obtained by review of the medical records. HRR was defined as the difference in heart rate at the end of the 6MWT and after 1 minute (HRR1), 2 minutes (HRR2), and 3 minutes (HRR3) of rest. All patients with pulmonary hypertension and a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or mixed connective tissue disease who underwent the 6MWT between August 1, 2009, and October 30, 2011, were included (n = 66). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, HRR1, HRR2, and HRR3 at different cutoff points were all good predictors, with HRR1 of <16 being the best predictor of time to clinical worsening (log-rank P < 0.0001), hospitalization (log-rank P = 0.0001), and survival (log-rank P < 0.003). By proportional hazards regression, patients with HRR1 of <16 were at increased risk of clinical worsening (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6–19.2]; P < 0.0001], hospitalization (HR: 6.6 [95% CI: 2.4–23]; P < 0.0001), and death (HR: 4.5 [95% CI: 1.6–15.7]; P = 0.003). Patients in the highest tercile (HRR1 of ≥19) were unlikely to have a clinical worsening event (HR: 0.1 [95% CI: 0.04–0.5]; P = 0.001], to be hospitalized (HR: 0.1 [95% CI: 0.02–0.5]; P = 0.001), or to die (HR: 0.3 [95% CI: 0.07–0.9]; P = 0.04]. In conclusion, in patients with CTD-PH, abnormal HRR1 (defined as HRR1 of <16) after the 6MWT is a strong predictor of clinical worsening, time to clinical worsening, survival, and hospitalization.
Word Memory Test Performance in Canadian Adolescents With Learning Disabilities: A Preliminary Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Word Memory Test (WMT) performances in students with identified learning disabilities (LDs) providing good effort to examine the influence of severe reading or learning problems on WMT performance. Participants were 63 students with LDs aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 12.19 years), who completed psychoeducational assessments as part of a transition program to secondary school. Participants were administered a battery of psychodiagnostic tests including the WMT. Results indicated that 9.5% of students with LD met Criterion A on the WMT (i.e., perform below cut-offs on any of the first three subtests of the WMT), but less than 1% met both criteria necessary for identification of low effort. Failure on the first three subtests of the WMT was associated with word reading at or below the 1st percentile and severely impaired phonetic decoding and phonological awareness skills. These results indicate that the majority of students with a history of LD are capable of passing the WMT, and use of profile analysis reduces the false-positive rate to below 1%.
Current perioperative management of pheochromocytomas

Neuroendocrine tumors which have the potential to secrete catecholamines are either associated with sympathetic adrenal (pheochromocytoma) or nonadrenal (paraganglioma) tissue. Surgical removal of these tumors is always indicated to cure and prevent cardiovascular and other organ system complications associated with catecholamine excess. Some of these tumors have malignant potential as well. The diagnosis, localization and anatomical delineation of these tumors involve measurement of catecholamines and their metabolic end products in plasma and urine, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Before surgical removal of the tumors, the optimization of blood pressure, as well as intravascular volume, is an important measure to avoid and suppress perioperative adverse hemodynamic events. Preoperative preparation includes the use of alpha-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists with or without other antihypertensive agents, fluid therapy as well as insulin therapy for hyperglycemia if required. Due attention should be given to type and dose of alpha-receptor antagonists to be used and the duration of this therapy to achieve an optimal level of preoperative “alpha-blockade. ” Despite this preoperative preparation, many patients will have hypertensive crises intraoperatively which need to be promptly and carefully managed by the anesthesia team which requires intensive and advanced monitoring techniques. The most common complication after tumor removal is hypotension which may require fluid therapy and vasopressor support for a few hours. With advancement in surgical and anesthetic techniques, the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality associated with the surgery is low in high volume centers.
The Relationship Between Cure Depth and Transmission Coefficient of Visible-light-activated Resin Composites

The relationships between the transmission coefficient and the cure depth were evaluated on eight commercially available light-activated resin composites. The determination of transmission coefficient was carried out by the use of a radiometer for various shades of the resin composites. The transmission coefficient, ranging from 0.042 to 0.263, was dependent upon the shade of the resin. There was a good correlation between the transmission coefficient and the cure depth for different shades for each resin composite, except for one hybrid resin composite (P-50). The microfilled resin composite showed transmission coefficient and cure depth loser than those of the hybrid and small-particle-filled resin composites.
Energy-like Functions for Some dissipative Chaotic Systems

Functions of the phase space variables that can considered as possible energy functions for a given family of dissipative chaotic systems are discussed. This kind of functions are interesting due to their use as an energy-like quantitative measure to characterize different aspects of dynamic behavior of associated chaotic systems. We have calculated quadratic energy-like functions for the cases of Lorenz, Chen, Lu–Chen and Chua, and show the patterns of dissipation of energy on their respective attractors. We also show that in the case of the Rossler system at least a fourth-order polynomial is required to properly represent its energy.
Brain 5‐lipoxygenase over‐expression worsens memory, synaptic integrity, and tau pathology in the P301S mice

Progressive accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau protein isoforms is the main feature of a group of neurodegenerative diseases collectively called tauopathies. Data from human and animal models of these diseases have shown that neuroinflammation often accompanies their pathogenesis. The 5‐lipoxygenase (5LO) is an enzyme widely expressed in the brain and a source of potent pro‐inflammatory mediators, while its pharmacological inhibition modulates the phenotype of a tau transgenic mouse model, the htau mice. By employing an adeno‐associated viral vector system to over‐express 5LO in the brain, we examined its contribution to the behavioral deficits and neuropathology in a different transgenic mouse model of tauopathy, the P301S mouse line. Compared with controls, 5LO‐targeted gene brain over‐expression in these mice resulted in a worsening of behavioral and motor deficits. Over‐expression of 5LO resulted in microglia and astrocyte activation and significant synaptic pathology, which was associated with a significant elevation of tau phosphorylation at specific epitopes, tau insoluble fraction, and activation of the cdk5 kinase. In vitro studies confirmed that 5LO directly modulates tau phosphorylation at the same epitopes via the cdk5 kinase pathway. These data demonstrate that 5LO plays a direct role in tau phosphorylation and is an active player in the development of the entire tau phenotype. They provide further support to the hypothesis that 5LO is a viable therapeutic target for the treatment and/or prevention of human tauopathy.
Intrinsic Cytoskeleton-Dependent Clustering of Influenza Virus M2 Protein with Hemagglutinin Assessed by FLIM-FRET

ABSTRACT The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus organizes the virus bud zone, a domain of the plasma membrane enriched in raft lipids. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET), a technique that detects close colocalization of fluorescent proteins in transfected cells, we show that the viral proton channel M2 clusters with HA but not with a marker for inner leaflet rafts. The FRET signal between M2 and HA depends on the raft-targeting signals in HA and on an intact actin cytoskeleton. We conclude that M2 contains an intrinsic signal that targets the protein to the viral bud zone, which is organized by raft-associated HA and by cortical actin.
Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and mitochondrial accrual of the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase DNA repair enzyme in mice.

RATIONALE Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by the production of reactive oxygen species during inflammatory states, such as sepsis, is repaired by poorly understood mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that the DNA repair enzyme, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), contributes to mtDNA repair in sepsis. METHODS Using a well-characterized mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, we analyzed molecular markers for mitochondrial biogenesis and OGG1 translocation into liver mitochondria as well as OGG1 mRNA expression at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after infection. The effects of OGG1 RNA silencing on mtDNA content were determined in control, tumor necrosis factor-α, and peptidoglycan-exposed rat hepatoma cells. Based on in situ analysis of the OGG1 promoter region, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed for nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1 and NRF-2α GA-binding protein (GABP) binding to the promoter of OGG1. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mice infected with 10(7) cfu S. aureus intraperitoneally demonstrated hepatic oxidative mtDNA damage and significantly lower hepatic mtDNA content as well as increased mitochondrial OGG1 protein and enzyme activity compared with control mice. The infection also caused increases in hepatic OGG1 transcript levels and NRF-1 and NRF-2α transcript and protein levels. A bioinformatics analysis of the Ogg1 gene locus identified several promoter sites containing NRF-1 and NRF-2α DNA binding motifs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed in situ binding of both transcription factors to the Ogg1 promoter within 24 hours of infection. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify OGG1 as an early mitochondrial response protein during sepsis under regulation by the NRF-1 and NRF-2α transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
SATELLITE IMAGES OF AIR POLLUTANTS AND LAND COVER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND DISASTER PREVENTION

We studied the behavior of air pollutants such as volcanic gas and Asian dust by using satellite remote sensing data and ground observations. In addition, we studied some natural disasters occurred in Kyushu, such as earthquakes, floods, and forest fires by using satellite images. In order to publicize these research results for non-specialists and to archive the analyzed satellite images together with related data, the results have been provided through the Internet as the Satellite Image Network Group in Kagoshima (SiNG Kagoshima) website since 1996. In this report, we describe the SiNG Kagoshima contents in conjunction with the research results, references, related studies, websites, and the educational or social contributions.
Have U.S. Manufacturing Inventories Really Decreased? An Empirical Study

Numerous normative models have been developed to determine optimal inventory levels, and several articles and case studies have been written about the concerted efforts and practices adopted by manufacturing firms in the United States to reduce inventories. But little is known about whether inventories have indeed decreased in U.S. manufacturing and whether such a decrease has been restricted to a few well-publicized firms or is true at an industry level. Using data published by the U.S. Census Bureau, the authors study trends in materials, work-in-process, and finished-goods inventory ratios during the period 1961 to 1994 in 20 manufacturing industry sectors and the total U.S. manufacturing sector to determine whether a significant decrease was seen in these ratios. Further, since a great deal of momentum for inventory reduction began in the early 1980s, the authors investigate whether greater improvement was seen in the post-1980 period as compared with the pre-1980 period. We find that material and work-in-process inventories did decrease in a majority of the two-digit industry sectors from 1961 to 1994 and showed greater improvement in about half the sectors in the post-1980 period relative to the pre-1980 period. Finished-goods inventories did decrease in some industry sectors and increase in a few others but did not show a significant trend in more than half the sectors. Total manufacturing inventory ratios decreased from 1961 to 1994 at all three stages--material, work-in-process, and finished goods. However, total manufacturing inventory ratios did not improve at a higher rate during the post-1980 period as compared with the pre-1980 period in any of the three stages. Overall, the analysis provides an encouraging but somewhat mixed picture about the results of U.S. manufacturing inventory-reduction efforts.