Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Öğretme Ve Öğrenme Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

In this study it was aimed i) to identify the primary school teachers\' (N=57) teaching and learning styles and ii) to investigate the relationship between their teaching and learning styles. The teaching styles questionnaire and the learning styles questionnaire that were developed by Grasha (1996) were applied to the participants. The results showed that i) teachers\' expert, facilitator and delegator teaching styles are more dominant than the teaching styles of formal authority and personal model and ii) collaborative and competitive teaching styles are more dominant than the teaching styles of independent, avoidant, dependent and participant. The correlation analysis between teaching and learning styles of the teachers also showed a statistically significant relationship between some learning styles and teaching styles. The findings of this study are critically analyzed.
Effect of Habitual Physical Activity on Regulation of Insulin‐stimulated Glucose Disposal in Older Males

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of differences in habitual level of physical activity on insulin action in healthy males between 60 and 75 years of age. The study population consisted of 20 non‐obese individuals with normal glucose tolerance: 13 older subjects (68 ± 4 years) not exercising regularly and 7 older subjects (66 ± 3 years) who exercised regularly. Measurements were made of body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat by underwater weighing, maximal O2 consumption by bicycle ergometry (V̇O2max), and insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal by the insulin clamp technique. The results demonstrated that insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the normal older subjects who exercised regularly. Furthermore, a direct relationship (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) existed between maximal aerobic capacity and in vivo insulin action, which was independent of either BMI or percentage body fat. These data are consistent with the view that the extensive variation previously noted in in vivo insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal of older subjects is related to differences in habitual physical activity.
Effects of bilingualism on speech recognition performance in noise

v Chapter One: Introduction 1 Chapter Two: Review of Literature 5 Bilingualism 5 Monolingual Theories of Spoken Word Recognition 6 Support for Theories of Monolingual Speech Recognition 9 Theories of Bilingual Lexical Access 12 Evidence of Cross-Language Activation, Competition, and Interference 15 Effects of Bilingualism on Speech Recognition Performance 17 Chapter Three: Rationale for the Present Study 21 Purpose 27 Hypothesis 27 Chapter Four: Method 29 Participants 29 Monolingual-English listeners 29 Monolingual-Spanish listeners 30 Spanish-English bilingual listeners 30 Test Materials 31 English words-in-noise test 32 Spanish words-in-noise test 32 Monolingual language questionnaire 33 Bilingual language questionnaire 33 Procedure 34 Monolingual-English listeners 34 Monolingual-Spanish listeners 35 Spanish-English bilinguals 36 Chapter Five: Results 39 Language Questionnaires 39 ii Monolingual-Spanish participants 39 Bilingual participants 40 Speech-in-Noise Performance 41 Further Analysis of Bilingual Performance 48 Language Factor Correlation and Regression Analyses 52 Chapter Six: Discussion 55 Limitation and Future Research 60 Research and Clinical Implications 61 References 64 Appendices 73 Appendix A: Score sheet WIN 74 Appendix B: Score sheet S-WIN 75 Appendix C: Monolingual Spanish questionnaire 76 Appendix D: Bilingual language questionnaire 77 Appendix E: Passages utilized for stimulation of language mode 88 Appendix F: Instructions read to participants for the WIN and S-WIN tests 90 Appendix G: Summary of responses from the bilingual language questionnaire 91 Appendix H: Psychometric functions for the individual monolingual English listeners on the WIN 96 Appendix I: Psychometric functions for the individual monolingual Spanish listeners on the S-WIN 97 Appendix J: Psychometric functions for the individual Spanish-English bilingual listeners on the WIN 98 Appendix K: Psychometric functions for the individual SpanishEnglish bilingual listeners on the S-WIN 99 About the Author End Page
Single-centre retrospective analysis of growth hormone supplementation in IVF patients classified as poor-prognosis

Background Patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) receive various adjuvant therapies in order to enhance success rates, but the true benefit is actively debated. Growth hormone (GH) supplementation was assessed in poor-prognosis women undergoing fresh IVF transfer cycles. Methods Data were retrospectively analysed from 400 IVF cycles, where 161 women received GH and 239 did not. Results Clinical pregnancy, live birth rates and corresponding ORs and CIs were significantly greater with GH, despite patients being significantly older with lower ovarian reserve. Patient’s age, quality of transferred embryo and GH were the only significant independent predictors of clinical pregnancy (OR: 0.90, 5.00 and 2.49, p<0.002, respectively) and live birth chance (OR: 0.91, 3.90 and 4.75, p<0.014, respectively). GH increased clinical pregnancy chance by 3.42-fold (95% CI 1.82 to 6.44, p<0.0005) and live birth chance by 6.16-fold (95% CI 2.83 to 13.39, p<0.0005) after adjustment for maternal age, antral follicle count and transferred embryo quality. Conclusion These data provided further evidence to indicate that GH may support more live births, particularly in younger women. It also appears that embryos generated under GH have a better implantation potential, but whether the biological mechanism is embryo-mediated or endometrium-mediated is unclear.
Use of TnphoA to enrich for extracellular enzyme mutants of Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora

Soft rot Erwinia species secrete a range of enzymes into the extracellular environment. Therefore, the genetically amenable Erwinia system is a useful model for the study of protein secretion by Gram‐negative bacteria. We have used a λ‐sensitive derivative of Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (Ecc) and the transposon TnphoA, to isolate a range of extracellular enzyme mutants. The use of TnphoA provides an enrichment for extracellular enzyme mutants over other transposon‐based systems. In these mutants, the alkaline phosphatase activity of the hybrid protein Is found in the periplasm, and is under the control of the Ecc promoters. Three TnphoA‐induced extracellular enzyme mutants were studied in detail. One proved to be an enzyme structural gene mutant, whilst the other two appeared to be secretory mutants.
Universal Dependencies for Learner English

We introduce the Treebank of Learner English (TLE), the first publicly available syntactic treebank for English as a Second Language (ESL). The TLE provides manually annotated POS tags and Universal Dependency (UD) trees for 5,124 sentences from the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) corpus. The UD annotations are tied to a pre-existing error annotation of the FCE, whereby full syntactic analyses are provided for both the original and error corrected versions of each sentence. Further on, we delineate ESL annotation guidelines that allow for consistent syntactic treatment of ungrammatical English. Finally, we benchmark POS tagging and dependency parsing performance on the TLE dataset and measure the effect of grammatical errors on parsing accuracy. We envision the treebank to support a wide range of linguistic and computational research on second language acquisition as well as automatic processing of ungrammatical language. The treebank is available at universaldependencies.org. The annotation manual used in this project and a graphical query engine are available at esltreebank.org.
[Experimental study on MCF-7 cell apoptosis induced by ursolic acid].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ursolic acid (UA), apentacyclic triterpene acid, on MCF-7 cell apoptosis. METHODS MCF-7 cells were cultured with different concentrations of UA. Viability of UA-induced MCF-7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle and sub-G1 peak were performed by FCM. Morphologic changes of UA-treated cells were observed by light microscope. Apoptotic cells with condensed or fragmented nuclei were visualized by Ho33258 and PI staining by a fluorescence microscope (EX: U.V., Green light). p 53 protein expression was analyzed by fluorescence immunohistochemical method (SABC-Cy3). RESULT 24 hours after UA treatment, inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation was concentration-dependent. The IC50 value for UA was 22.6 +/- 3.0 micromol/L. Cell cycle analysis by FCM showed that 50 micromol/L of the drug arrested MCF-7 cell cycle at G0-G1 phase. Morphological changes of MCF-7 cells exhibited many of the hallmark features of apoptosis, including condensation of chromatin and DNA fragmentation. UA increased p 53 protein expression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that UA evokes MCF-7 cell apoptosis is correlation with the up-regulation of p 53. The study indicated that UA might be a potential Chinese medical component for breast neoplasm.
Role of interleukin-1 in the depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin

Endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were used to test the hypothesis that a macrophage product, possibly interleukin-1, might mediate the depression of liver cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism in endotoxin-treated mice. Depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin was observed in normal mice (C3H/HeN) but not in C3H/HeJ mice. Serum transfer experiments demonstrated that a serum factor was responsible for the depression of liver drug metabolism. Experiments of passive transfer of peritoneal macrophages showed that this endotoxin-induced factor might be a macrophage product. In vitro experiments showed that endotoxin-stimulated monocytes produced a factor that depressed cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism in cultured hepatocytes. Homogeneous human monocyte and recombinant interleukin-1 also depressed liver drug metabolism both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that this macrophage product might be involved in the regulation of liver function by the immune system.
Pharmacokinetics, anticonvulsant efficacy and adverse effects of the beta-carboline abecarnil, a novel ligand for benzodiazepine receptors, after acute and chronic administration in dogs.

Abecarnil (ZK 112119; isopropyl-6-benzyloxy-4-methoxymethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate), a novel beta-carboline with high affinity for central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors, has been shown recently to be a potent anxiolytic and anticonvulsant in animal models whereas lacking ataxia-producing effects, a profile typical for a partial agonist at BZ receptors. In the present study abecarnil was tested in dogs after acute and chronic administration. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that abecarnil was eliminated rapidly after i.v. or p.o. administration, but elimination was delayed substantially after s.c. injection. After i.v. injection, the drug penetrated rapidly into the cerebrospinal fluid, but maximum concentrations reached in cerebrospinal fluid were only 6 to 8% of those in plasma. Anticonvulsant potency of abecarnil in dogs was studied by means of seizures induced by i.v. infusion of pentylenetetrazol. After i.v. administration of single doses, abecarnil was about half as potent as diazepam, dose-dependently increasing the pentylenetetrazol threshold by doses of 0.1-1 mg/kg. In contrast to diazepam, most dogs injected with abecarnil at anticonvulsant doses showed no ataxia. During chronic s.c. administration of abecarnil for 6 weeks, the anticonvulsant efficacy of the drug increased markedly during the first week(s) of treatment, possibly indicating drug accumulation in the brain. During the subsequent weeks of treatment, there was a slight reduction in anticonvulsant potency. No withdrawal symptoms were observed after cessation of the 6-week administration period. Furthermore, injection of the BZ antagonist Ro 15-1788 (flumazenil), 1 mg/kg i.v. , after 5 weeks of treatment did not precipitate withdrawal symptoms except slight tremor in two of seven dogs studied. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship Strength Between a Customer and Service Worker

Abstract The role of gender dyad in the prediction of a customer's perceived strength of relationship with an individual service worker was investigated. Relationship strength was defined as a customer's perceived extent, degree or magnitude of relationship with a service worker and was operationalised as the level of the customer's trust and commitment towards the service worker. Existing theories suggest that the same gender dyads lead to greater relationship strength than cross-gender dyads. This study, which measured female client perceptions of the strength of their relationship with their nominated service provider, found that gender of the service individual did not significantly impact the client's perceived relationship strength. Differences observed in relationship strength between the gender dyad groups was found to be driven by the differing ages of the relationship, suggesting that relationship age is a significant antecedent to relationship strength.
Assessment of Scientific Communication Self-efficacy, Interest, and Outcome Expectations for Career Development in Academic Medicine

Competency in forms of scientific communication, both written and spoken, is essential for success in academic science. This study examined the psychometric properties of three new measures, based on social cognitive career theory, that are relevant to assessment of skill and perseverance in scientific communication. Pre- and postdoctoral trainees in biomedical science (N = 411) completed online questionnaires assessing self-efficacy in scientific communication, career outcome expectations, and interest in performing tasks in scientific writing, oral presentation, and impromptu scientific discourse. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate factor structures and model relations. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 22-item, 3-factor measure of self-efficacy; an 11-item, 2-factor measure of outcome expectations; and a 12-item, 3-factor measure of interest in scientific communication activities. Construct validity was further demonstrated by theory-consistent inter-factor relations and relations with typical communications performance behaviors (e.g., writing manuscripts, abstracts, and presenting at national meetings).
Children's Friendships: The Beginnings of Intimacy

Foreword -- Jerome S. Bruner. List of figures. Acknowledgements. Friends matter. Beginnings. Friends within a social world: the early years. Differences in children's friendships: links with social understanding. With a little help from my friends. Intrigues, bullying, rejection and loneliness. Girls, boys and friendship. Parents and Friends. Siblings and friends. Implications. Appendix: How can parents help children over friendship difficulties? Notes. References. Name index. Name Index.
Ascaris and hookworm transmission in preschool children from rural Panama: role of yard environment, soil eggs/larvae and hygiene and play behaviours

SUMMARY This study explored whether the yard environment and child hygiene and play behaviours were associated with presence and intensity of Ascaris and hookworm in preschool children and with eggs and larvae in soil. Data were collected using questionnaires, a visual survey of the yard, soil samples and fecal samples collected at baseline and following re-infection. The presence of eggs/larvae in soil was associated negatively with water storage (eggs) but positively with dogs (eggs) and distance from home to latrine (larvae). Baseline and re-infection prevalences were: hookworm (28·0%, 3·4%); Ascaris (16·9%, 9·5%); Trichuris (0·9%, 0·7%). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models revealed a higher baseline hookworm infection if yards had eggs or larvae, more vegetation or garbage, and if the child played with soil. Baseline Ascaris was associated with dirt floor, dogs, exposed soil in yard, open defecation and with less time playing outdoors, whereas Ascaris re-infection was associated with water storage, vegetation cover and garbage near the home and not playing with animals. Our results show complex interactions between infection, the yard environment and child behaviours, and indicate that transmission would be reduced if latrines were closer to the home, and if open defecation and water spillage were reduced.
Vivienda social y subjetivación urbana en Santiago de Chile: Espacio privado, repliegue presentista y añoranza

Housing policy in Chile has been one of the main routes to “overcome poverty” ever since the return to democracy and have transformed the face of the city both in material and social terms. This research investigated processes of subjectivism of dwellers which underwent the transition from camp to social housing in different neighborhoods of Santiago, a process marked by the emergence of new forms of marginality and fragmentation. Based on an exploratory/comprehensive design and following a qualitative methodology, we analyzed the biographical narratives of twenty social housing dwellers from poor communes of Santiago, who were beneficiaries of the housing policy between the years 2000 and 2009. Results reveal a privatization process in the struggle for housing, followed by an oscillation between the joy of having intimacy and the nostalgia of a less fearful relationship with a mutating identity. We note that this process settles in in the midst of an ethical and political regime that exaggerates the visibility of individual capabilities and eclipses the social and political space that produce their condition, leading dwellers to develop a kind of citizenship that promotes private consumption, thus preserving social fragmentation processes.
Effect of Pregnancy on Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Anterior Versus Posterior Cerebrum

Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with brain edema that forms preferentially in the posterior cerebral cortex possibly because of decreased sympathetic innervation of posterior cerebral arteries and less effective autoregulation during acute hypertension. In the present study, we examined the effect of pregnancy on the effectiveness of cerebral blood flow autoregulation using laser Doppler flowmetry and edema formation by wet:dry weight in acute hypertension induced by phenylephrine infusion in the anterior and posterior cerebrum from nonpregnant (n=8) and late-pregnant (n=6) Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, we compared the effect of pregnancy on sympathetic innervation by tyrosine hydroxylase staining of posterior and middle cerebral arteries (n=5–6 per group) and endothelial and neuronal NO synthase expression using quantitative PCR (n=3 per group). In nonpregnant animals, there was no difference in autoregulation between the anterior and posterior cerebrum. However, in late-pregnant animals, the threshold of cerebral blood flow autoregulation was shifted to lower pressures in the posterior cerebrum, which was associated with increased neuronal NO synthase expression in the posterior cerebral cortex versus anterior. Compared with the nonpregnant state, pregnancy increased the threshold of autoregulation in both brain regions that was related to decreased expression of endothelial NO synthase. Lastly, acute hypertension during pregnancy caused greater edema formation in both brain cortices that was not attributed to changes in sympathetic innervation. These findings suggest that, although pregnancy shifted the cerebral blood flow autoregulatory curve to higher pressures in both the anterior and posterior cortices, it did not protect from edema during acute hypertension.
Gap filling of solar wind data by singular spectrum analysis

Observational data sets in space physics often contain instrumental and sampling errors, as well as large gaps. This is both an obstacle and an incentive for research, since continuous data sets are typically needed for model formulation and validation. For example, the latest global empirical models of Earth's magnetic field are crucial for many space weather applications, and require time‐continuous solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data; both of these data sets have large gaps before 1994. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) reconstructs missing data by using an iteratively inferred, smooth “signal” that captures coherent modes, while “noise” is discarded. In this study, we apply SSA to fill in large gaps in solar wind and IMF data, by combining it with geomagnetic indices that are time‐continuous, and generalizing it to multivariate geophysical data consisting of gappy “driver” and continuous “response” records. The reconstruction error estimates provide information on the physics of co‐variability between particular solar‐wind parameters and geomagnetic indices.
Almost 20 years of Neanderthal palaeogenetics: adaptation, admixture, diversity, demography and extinction

Nearly two decades since the first retrieval of Neanderthal DNA, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have allowed the generation of high-coverage genomes from two archaic hominins, a Neanderthal and a Denisovan, as well as a complete mitochondrial genome from remains which probably represent early members of the Neanderthal lineage. This genomic information, coupled with diversity exome data from several Neanderthal specimens is shedding new light on evolutionary processes such as the genetic basis of Neanderthal and modern human-specific adaptations—including morphological and behavioural traits—as well as the extent and nature of the admixture events between them. An emerging picture is that Neanderthals had a long-term small population size, lived in small and isolated groups and probably practised inbreeding at times. Deleterious genetic effects associated with these demographic factors could have played a role in their extinction. The analysis of DNA from further remains making use of new large-scale hybridization-capture-based methods as well as of new approaches to discriminate contaminant DNA sequences will provide genetic information in spatial and temporal scales that could help clarify the Neanderthal's—and our very own—evolutionary history.
A Study of Caching Strategies for Web Service Discovery

Web Service discovery a fundamental operation in SOA-based systems. In a landscape of Web Services that is growing in size and complexity, discovering a suitable atomic or composite Service for a given task requires a considerable amount of computation and communication resources, including semantic reasoning, the use of composition algorithms, and communication with multiple Service repositories. We study the approach of introducing a cache for Service discovery results to reduce the load on the backend discovery system. In this setting the bottleneck is the cache refresh frequency rather than the cache size, thus the caching algorithm needs to decide in which order to refresh the cached contents. We derive a theoretical upper bound on the number of cache hits possible to achieve for a given set of discovery queries, and we propose a number of heuristics for this caching problem, some of which turn out to have provable approximation guarantees. In an extensive experimental study we evaluate these methods. Our findings are that the best algorithms lead to a cache performance of more than 95 percent of the theoretical upper bound in all tested scenarios.