Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytoagents for Cancer Management: Regulation of Nucleic Acid Oxidation, ROS, and Related Mechanisms

Accumulation of oxidized nucleic acids causes genomic instability leading to senescence, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Phytoagents are known to reduce the risk of cancer development; whether such effects are through regulating the extent of nucleic acid oxidation remains unclear. Here, we outlined the role of reactive oxygen species in nucleic acid oxidation as a driving force in cancer progression. The consequential relationship between genome instability and cancer progression highlights the importance of modulation of cellular redox level in cancer management. Current epidemiological and experimental evidence demonstrate the effects and modes of action of phytoagents in nucleic acid oxidation and provide rationales for the use of phytoagents as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents. Vitamins and various phytoagents antagonize carcinogen-triggered oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and/or activating endogenous defence systems such as Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes or pathways. Moreover, metal ion chelation by phytoagents helps to attenuate oxidative DNA damage caused by transition metal ions. Besides, the prooxidant effects of some phytoagents pose selective cytotoxicity on cancer cells and shed light on a new strategy of cancer therapy. The “double-edged sword” role of phytoagents as redox regulators in nucleic acid oxidation and their possible roles in cancer prevention or therapy are discussed in this review.
On the Instability of a Cortical Point

Slight and transient differences in the depth of narcosis, in the freedom of blood supply, and in the temperature of the preparation modify reactions obtained from stimulation of the motor area in the cortex cerebri with a facility and to a degree not met in the study of purely spinal or decerebrate reflexes. The observer, when first attempting to decipher the rules exhibited by the reflex activities of a spinal or of a decerebrate preparation, naturally turns first to those results which lend themselves best, by regularity and harmony, to exact formulation. Occasional exceptions as they arise are reserved for examination in the future. In a similar manner, the codification of those responses which are obtained with the greatest reliability from the several cortical points is what at first chiefly concerns the observer in the study of the elicitation of different movements from different points in the cortex cerebri.
The Effects of Test-Strategy Coaching on Measures of Competency to Stand Trial

This study examined whether individuals who are coached to malinger can elude detection on measures assessing competency to stand trial. Participants consisted of 92 undergraduates (65 females and 27 males; mean age, 23.5 years) who were randomly assigned to groups comprising control (honest responders), uncoached malingerer (feign incompetency without tips), and coached malingerer (feign incompetency with tips). Participants were presented with a hypothetical criminal case scenario that required them to undergo an evaluation of their competency to stand trial, assessed by the Georgia Court Competency Test and the Evaluation of Competency to stand Trial-Revised. The results indicated that the two malingering groups appeared significantly impaired on overall competency scores in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the two malingering groups appeared significantly elevated on malingering scale scores in comparison to the control group. No differences were found between the uncoached and coached malingering group on the competency and malingering scale scores. Both malingering scales effectively discriminated between malingerers and honest responders.
Comparison of self-reported and biomedical data on hypertension and diabetes: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

Objectives We examined the level of agreement between biomedical and self-reported measurements of hypertension and diabetes in a Chinese national community sample, and explored associations of the agreement and possible contextual effects among provinces and geographic regions in China. Design Secondary analysis of a cohort sample. Setting and participants Community samples were drawn from the national baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011–2012) through multistage probability sampling, which included households with members 45 years of age or above with a total sample size of 17 708 individuals. Outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity and κ were used as measurements of agreements or validity; variance of validity measures among provinces and communities was estimated using random-effects models. Results Self-reports for hypertension and diabetes showed high specificity (96.3% and 98.3%, respectively) but low sensitivity (56.3% and 61.5%, respectively). Agreement between self-reported data and biomedical measurements was moderate for both hypertension (κ 0.57) and diabetes (κ 0.65), with respondents who were older, of higher socioeconomic status, better educated and who had hospital admissions in the past 12 months showing stronger agreements than their counterparts. Large and significant variations in the sensitivity among provinces for hypertension, and among communities for both hypertension and diabetes, could neither be attributed to the effects of respondents’ characteristics nor to the contextual effects of city–village differences. Conclusions As a considerable number of people in the overall sample were unaware of their conditions, self-reports will lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. However, in more developed communities or provinces, self-reported data can be a reliable estimate of the prevalence of the two conditions. Further investigations of contextual effects at provincial and community levels could highlight public health strategies to improve awareness of the two conditions.
Properties of high-redshift Lyman-alpha clouds. II: Statistical properties of the clouds

Curve-of-growth analysis, applied to the Lyman series absorption ratios deduced in our previous paper, yields a measurement of the logarithmic slope of distribution of Lyman-α clouds in column density N. The observed exponential distribution of the clouds'equivalent widths W is then shown to require a broad distribution of velocity parameters b, extending up to 80 km s -1 . We show how the exponential itself emerges in a natural way. An absolute normalization for the differential distribution of cloud numbers in z, N, and b is obtained
“Hookups”: Characteristics and correlates of college students' spontaneous and anonymous sexual experiences

This study focused on a specific risky practice common among contemporary college students: the hookup. Hookups are defined as a sexual encounter which may or may not include sexual intercourse, usually occurring on only one occasion between two people who are strangers or brief acquaintances. The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of a variety of social and psychological predictors in understanding differences among undergraduate students who had never hooked up, those who had hooked up without sexual intercourse, and those who had hooked up with sexual intercourse. Analyses revealed that, as predicted, social, individual, and relational psychological variables helped to explain the variance among college students' varied hookup experiences. By examining the full range of sexual involvement characteristic of the casual sexual phenomenon of hooking up within a multivariate model, we were able to achieve a more differentiated understanding of college students' casual sexual experimentation.
Sensitivity of the ΦX174 am3 allele in relation to the endogenous Hprt gene for detecting mutation in transgenic mice

Transgenic mice have been developed containing multiple, chromosomally integrated copies of the ΦX174 am3 allele that serve as reporters for in vivo mutation at a single A:T basepair. In this study, we examined the relative sensitivity of the am3 transgene for detecting the in vivo mutagenicity of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU). Three‐week‐old male ΦX174 mice were treated with 0, 40, and 160 mg/kg of ENU. After 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks, animals were killed, their spleens removed, and isolated splenocytes were used to measure mutant frequencies (MFs) in both the am3 allele and the endogenous Hprt gene. For animals treated with 40 mg/kg of ENU, the Hprt assay detected an average 22‐fold increase over background, while the am3 MFs averaged threefold above background. With the 160 mg/kg dose, the Hprt assay detected a 54‐fold average increase, while a sixfold average increase above background was found for the transgenic locus. We conclude that the sensitivity of the am3 assay to ENU was compromised by the presence of ex vivo mutations. Adjustment of am3 MFs to exclude these ex vivo mutants could enhance the sensitivity of the assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 32:229–235, 1998 © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visible Boys, Invisible Girls: The Representation of Gender in Learn English with Tito (A Critical Discourse Analysis of English Language Textbooks for Primary School)

ABSTRACT: This study, entitled “Visible Boys, Invisible Girls: The Representation of Gender in Learn English with Tito (A Critical Discourse Analysis of English Language Textbooks for Primary School)”, is aimed at revealing the representation of gender in a series of Indonesian primary school English textbooks which are published by PT. Mutiara Permata Bangsa, Yogyakarta in 2007. The study is also aimed at gaining information about the editor’s perspective upon the issue and investigating the underlying ideology behind the representation. This research employs the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The main data are six textbooks for primary school. This study also conduts an inteview with the book editor. The text analysis utilizes transitivity system of Halliday which focuses on investigating Participants, Processes, and Circumstances of a clause. It is supported by lexical choise analysis of the text and a qualitative analysis of the interview. The findings show that the books favor males than females. Male characters are more visible in that they occur dominantly and they appear to hold more important roles of Participant. In terms of Gender stereotyping, males are perpetually associated with a more well-paid jobs i.e. ‘doctor’ and ‘pilot’ for male characters and ‘teacher’ for females’. Meanwhile, females are more likely valued by their physical appearance and personality i.e. ‘slim’, ‘fair-skinned’, ‘beautiful’, ‘kind’, and diligent’. At the end of the research, the editor admitted the lack of concern on the issue of gender in composing her textbooks. These seem to indicate male domination as the underlying ideology behind the representation.
PPAR-gamma agonists decrease hyperhomcysteinemia and cardiac dysfunction: new hope for ailing diabetic hearts?

the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) family of nuclear hormone receptors has been extensively studied due to its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherosclerotic actions. PPAR-γ heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor to regulate transcription of target genes by
The Neuroanatomy of Autobiographical Memory: A Slow Cortical Potential Study of Autobiographical Memory Retrieval ☆

Changes in slow cortical potentials recorded at the scalp were tracked while participants retrieved autobiographical memories and then held them in mind. During retrieval extensive areas over left frontal scalp exhibited marked negative dc shifts and a similar though smaller effect was also observed over right frontal regions. As a memory was formed and then held in mind, electrodes located over posterior temporal and occipital regions exhibited marked negative shifts. It is proposed that the left frontal negativity primarily reflects cortical activation associated with the operation of a complex retrieval process, whereas the later temporal and occipital negativity (the result of the retrieval process) reflects activation corresponding to the formation and maintenance of a detailed memory.
Using Focus Groups To Inform the Neuro‐QOL Measurement Tool: Exploring Patient‐Centered, Health‐Related Quality of Life Concepts Across Neurological Conditions

&NA; Measurement of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is of particular importance in neurology clinical trials, where differences in clinical measurements or laboratory data may not translate into significant benefit to the patients. A fundamental consideration in the development and use of an HRQL instrument is whether the instrument's conceptual framework accurately reflects the HRQL experience of the population of interest. This study details the findings from formative research that focused on the identification of content area for an HRQL measurement system in neurology. Specifically, 11 focus groups were conducted with caregivers and patients diagnosed with 7 neurological conditions that represented a range of symptomatology and ages. Through an analytic process using techniques derived from grounded theory, several themes emerged that describe the complexity of HRQL issues and the impact of neurological disorders on multiple areas of life functioning and experience. Findings suggest that although HRQL is comparable across neurological disorders, the contribution of specific domains to overall HRQL may differ among disorders.
Being Online: Social Presence as Subjectivity in Online Learning.

This article discusses the relationship between social presence and subjectivity in online learning environments. Drawing from views of subjectivity synthesised by de Sousa and an exploratory study into online social presence (by Kehrwald), the presentation identifies the links between various forms of subjectivity and the operation of social presence. The conclusions highlight the benefits of explicitly associating subjectivity with social presence in online learning and some of the key implications for online learning practice.
VIOLENCE, MORALITY, AND TELEVISION COMMERCIALS

It is popularly believed that television violence and declining morality are important causes of crime. Nearly all of the research in this area, however, has centered attention on programs, both news and entertainment. Commercials have generally been neglected. The present study sought to remedy this oversight . Findings from a content analysis of 1,699 commercials show that only a very small percentage of commercials contain violence. The findings also indicate that a low number of commercials exhibit behavior or attitudes that run contrary to conventional moral standards. It is theorized that although advertisers sponsor programs that feature violence or morally controversial themes, they do not wish to closely associate such content with the products or services they seek to sell.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of aripiprazole vs standard-of-care in the management of community-treated patients with schizophrenia: STAR study

Abstract Background: The Schizophrenia Trial of Aripiprazole (STAR) showed superior efficacy for aripiprazole compared with atypical antipsychotic standard-of-care (SOC) for the community treatment of schizophrenia1 based on the Investigator Assessment Questionnaire total score. Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole compared with SOC medications from a health and social care system perspective. Methods: Information on health and social care service use was collected using the Client Socio-demographic and Service Receipt Inventory (CSSRI). Unit costs attached to each service were used to calculate patients’ healthcare and other costs. The primary outcome measure was Investigator’s Assessment Questionnaire (IAQ) score; secondary measures included the Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Improvement response and Quality of Life Scale (QLS). Incremental cost-effectiveness was measured over 26 weeks as the ratio of the difference in mean costs between aripiprazole and SOC (olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone) to the difference in mean outcomes. Net benefit was used to plot the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Results: The analysis sample (all randomised subjects who met the study inclusion criteria) included 282 individuals randomised to aripiprazole and 266 to SOC (olanzapine, n = 75; quetiapine, n = 110 and risperidone, n = 81). The additional mean cost of achieving a clinically significant difference on the IAQ was £3896, where a clinically significant difference was taken to be an 8-point improvement. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve for the IAQ indicated that aripiprazole has a relatively high probability of being viewed as cost-effective for a range of plausible values attached to the incremental outcome difference. Additional costs of a clinically significant improvement on the CGI-Improvement and QLS were £575 and £835, respectively. These measures therefore support the view that aripiprazole is more cost-effective than SOC from a health and social care perspective for people with schizophrenia treated in the community. Conclusion: In the STAR study, use of aripiprazole in the management of patients with schizophrenia was cost-effective.
THE RUBROSPINAL TRACTS IN THE MONKEY: EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

The several functions associated with the rubrospinal system can best be outlined under the headings: (1) functions as a conduction pathway from the cerebellum and (2) functions intrinsic in the red nuclei themselves. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Functions as a Conduction Pathway. —Cerebellar Muscular Incoordination: Clinicians and experimentalists are agreed that irregularity in muscular movement is the outstanding symptom to persist following extensive injury to the cerebellum. It is also agreed that incoordination is most obvious in voluntary movement. In fact, there is growing evidence 1 that cerebellar ataxia is solely a function of the voluntary system as exemplified in the following statement by Walshe 2 : "There is no such phenomenon as cerebellar ataxia in the reflex preparation. It is solely voluntary movement, therefore, which is dependent upon cerebellar activity. " That muscular incoordination might result from interruption of the rubrospinal path has been assumed largely on the basis of the
Alcohol consumption among young adults in Italy: The interplay of individual and social factors

The consumption of alcohol among young adults is determined by different individual and environmental factors. The present study aims at comparing the effects of different predictors on the alcohol consumption of Italian young adults. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire on a sample of 311 university students. Four different types of predictors were considered: (1) socio-demographic characteristics; (2) quality of social relations (Perceived social support); (3) Sensation-seeking personality trait; (4) Motivation to drink alcohol that the Motivational Model classifies according to the valence (positive or negative) and the source (internal or external) of the outcomes individuals expect to achieve from alcohol use. To test the influence of different groups of variables we performed three hierarchical regression analyses. Several significant influences were found. Alcohol consumption is of social value, it is linked to positive social relations and it is motivated by positive rather than negative valence motivations. Drinking motives confirmed their role of most proximal antecedents of alcohol use.
The Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An ARDL Analysis

This study empirically examines the relationship between financial intermediary development and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1981–2011 using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration analysis. The results show that the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Nigeria is not significantly different from what has been observed generally in oil-dependent economies. The relationship between financial intermediary development and economic growth in Nigeria is found to be insignificantly negative in the long-run and significantly negative in the short-run. The results highlight the dominant role of the oil sector in economic activities in Nigeria.
Mortgage Timing

We study how the term structure of interest rates relates to mortgage choice, both at the household and the aggregate level. A simple utility framework of mortgage choice points to the long-term bond risk premium as theoretical determinant: when the bond risk premium is high, fixed-rate mortgage payments are high, making adjustable-rate mortgages more attractive. This long-term bond risk premium is markedly different from other term structure variables that have been proposed, including the yield spread and the long yield. We confirm empirically that the bulk of the time variation in both aggregate and loan-level mortgage choice can be explained by time variation in the bond risk premium. This is true whether bond risk premia are measured using forecasters' data, a VAR term structure model, or from a simple household decision rule based on adaptive expectations. This simple rule moves in lock-step with mortgage choice, lending credibility to a theory of strategic mortgage timing by households.
Developmental Implications of Undergraduate Student Attitudes Concerning Juvenile Justice.

Students' preferences concerning systems of juvenile justice were compared using gender and class standing as independent variables. The preferences of upper and lower division students differed significantly, with most upper division students opposing trial of juveniles in adult courts and most lower division students favoring the practice. The authors discuss the implications of students' general patterns of moral reasoning in relation to their service on campus judicial boards and in service learning projects involving juvenile offenders.
Feasibility and psychometrics of an ambulatory hot flash monitoring device.

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and psychometric properties of a lightweight, automated, ambulatory sternal skin conductance monitor to measure frequency of hot flashes (HFs) among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). DESIGN A total of 19 postmenopausal BCSs and 5 premenopausal healthy comparison women participated by wearing the monitor for 24 h during their normal daily activities, including sleep. HFs were assessed using subjective (diaries, event markers) and objective (skin conductance) methods. RESULTS Problems with subjective reporting of HFs were reported by 35% of BCSs. Technological problems and discomfort related to wearing the monitor were minimal. A total of 243 HFs were recorded using the skin conductance monitor by 17 BCSs and 5 premenopausal women (BCS group M = 13.4; range, 1-30). Subjective reporting of HFs was associated with a 31-33% false-positive rate. Skin conductance monitoring during waking hours was associated with a 30% false-negative rate. CONCLUSIONS The monitor is a feasible method for objectively assessing HFs in BCSs. Data support continued use of sternal skin conductance as an objective measure of HF frequency. This technology should prove useful as an objective measure of HFs in future intervention research aimed at alleviating the symptom and improving quality of life among BCSs.