Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testing metrics for password creation policies by attacking large sets of revealed passwords

In this paper we attempt to determine the effectiveness of using entropy, as defined in NIST SP800-63, as a measurement of the security provided by various password creation policies. This is accomplished by modeling the success rate of current password cracking techniques against real user passwords. These data sets were collected from several different websites, the largest one containing over 32 million passwords. This focus on actual attack methodologies and real user passwords quite possibly makes this one of the largest studies on password security to date. In addition we examine what these results mean for standard password creation policies, such as minimum password length, and character set requirements.
Measurements of Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Two Maize Agroecosystems at Harvest under Different Tillage Conditions

In this study a comparison of the soil CO2 fluxes emitted from two maize (Zea mays L.) fields with the same soil type was performed. Each field was treated with a different tillage technique: conventional tillage (30 cm depth ploughing) and no-tillage. Measurements were performed in the Po Valley (Italy) from September to October 2012, covering both pre- and postharvesting conditions, by means of two identical systems based on automatic static soil chambers. Main results show that no-tillage technique caused higher CO2 emissions than conventional tillage (on average 2.78 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, resp.). This result is likely due to decomposition of the organic litter left on the ground of the no-tillage site and thus to an increased microbial and invertebrate respiration. On the other hand, fuel consumption of conventional tillage technique is greater than no-tillage consumptions. For these reasons this result cannot be taken as general. More investigations are needed to take into account all the emissions related to the field management cycle.
Nuclear Actin and Lamins in Viral Infections

Lamins are the best characterized cytoskeletal components of the cell nucleus that help to maintain the nuclear shape and participate in diverse nuclear processes including replication or transcription. Nuclear actin is now widely accepted to be another cytoskeletal protein present in the nucleus that fulfills important functions in the gene expression. Some viruses replicating in the nucleus evolved the ability to interact with and probably utilize nuclear actin for their replication, e.g., for the assembly and transport of capsids or mRNA export. On the other hand, lamins play a role in the propagation of other viruses since nuclear lamina may represent a barrier for virions entering or escaping the nucleus. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the roles of nuclear actin and lamins in viral infections.
Energy Absorption Capacity of Packaged Roma Tomatoes under Compressive Loading

This study focused on the energy absorption capacity of Roma tomatoes as a strength parameter that characterizes mechanical damage of the packaged fruit when subjected to compression, in multi-layers. The aim was to relate the measured strength properties of the bulk fruit to mechanical failure at the bioyield, break and peak points of deformation. Compression tests were conducted on Roma tomatoes to investigate the effects of ripeness stage, vibration level and container type on energy absorption in the packaged tomatoes under compressive loading, using a 2 2 x3 factorial experimental design. Tomatoes of three ripeness stages: unripe (5.6 Brix%) half-ripe (3.9 Brix%) and full-ripe (3.2 Brix%), were packed in plastic crate and raffia basket. These were subjected to three levels of vibration: non-vibrated, low vibration (frequency 3.7 Hz) and high vibration (frequency 6.7 Hz), using a laboratory vibrator. The fruits were compressed in a Universal Testing Machine and absorbed energy at bioyield, break and peak points was measured. Energy absorption decreased significantly (P=0.05) with advancing ripeness stage of tomatoes and vibration level (P=0.001). Container effects were significant at peak. Average absorbed energy ranged from 1.140Nmm to 1.875Nmm at bioyield, 13.597Nmm to 27.221Nmm at break and 15.629Nmm to 23.618Nmm at peak. The work will facilitate our understanding of the contribution of fruit ripeness and transit vibration to mechanical damage in packaged tomatoes. The results obtained can be used by designers of packaging materials, and handlers of fresh tomato fruits in Nigeria to reduce mechanical damage, especially those due to compression.
An Improved Basis for Enzymatic Estimation of Infarct Size

Infarct size has been estimated from serial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) changes, but the contribution of noncardiac CPK may interfere. Results would also be influenced if CPK disappearance varied with hemodynamic changes. Since MB CPK is a marker more specific to myocardium, infarct size was estimated from serum MB changes in 16 patients. In addition, 21 chronically instrumented conscious dogs subjected to tachycardia, decreased cardiac output or hepatic or renal ischemia were studied to evaluate the dependence of CPK disappearance on hemodynamics. MB CPK in human tissue extracts and serum was quantified with a new, rapid, glass bead-batch adsorption technique, verified with CPK isoenzymes prepared from human myocardium. Among tissues surveyed, only myocardium contained appreciable MB CPK. Infarct size estimated from MB correlated with total serum CPK in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (r = 0.97, N = 12). In patients with infarction given intramuscular injections, total CPK curves were distorted but MB CPK curves were not apparently affected. Hemodynamic alterations in conscious dogs did not markedly affect the disappearance rate (kd) of intravenously injected, radioactively labeled, canine myocardial CPK, although kd was shown to depend on reticuloendothelial system activity. These findings suggest that estimation of the extent of infarction based on serum MB CPK should be useful despite hemodynamic deterioration associated with infarction or interference of noncardiac CPK.
THE GAS CONSUMPTION HISTORY TO REDSHIFT 4

Using the observations of the star formation rate (SFR) and H i densities to z ∼ 4, with measurements of the molecular gas depletion rate (MGDR) and local density of H2 at z = 0, we derive the history of the gas consumption by star formation to z ∼ 4. We find that closed-box models in which H2 is not replenished by H i require improbably large increases in ρ(H2) and a decrease in the MGDR with lookback time that is inconsistent with observations. Allowing the H2 used in star formation to be replenished by H i does not alleviate the problem because observations show that there is very little evolution of ρH i(z) from z = 0 to z = 4. We show that to be consistent with observational constraints, star formation on cosmic timescales must be fueled by intergalactic ionized gas, which may come from either accretion of gas through cold (but ionized) flows, or from ionized gas associated with accretion of dark matter halos. We constrain the rate at which the extragalactic ionized gas must be converted into H i and ultimately into H2. The ionized gas inflow rate roughly traces the SFR density: about 1–2 × 108M☉ Gyr−1 Mpc−3 from z ≃ 1–4, decreasing by about an order of magnitude from z = 1 to z = 0 with details depending largely on MGDR(t). All models considered require the volume-averaged density of to increase by a factor of 1.5–10 to z ∼ 1.5 over the currently measured value. Because the molecular gas must reside in galaxies, it implies that galaxies at high-z must, on average, be more molecule rich than they are at the present epoch, which is consistent with observations. These quantitative results, derived solely from observations, agree well with cosmological simulations.
Linköping University 2014 Department of Culture and Communication 120 Estc Master's Program Language and Culture in Europe Unfolding Correction Sequences in Classroom Interaction and Its Relevance to Face-work Table of Contents 2.theoretical Background ….……………….………………….………….….………………..…......4 2.1 Co

Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge and thank my supervisor Dr. Anna Ekström for her precious commentaries, constructive critiques and useful suggestions. Dr. Alia Amir, thank you for your support. I am grateful to your efforts, without which this work would not be completed. I would like to thank my examiner Professor Leelo Keevallik for her precious comments on the last version of this work. Special thanks are due to Professor Francoise Monnoyeur-Broitman, for invaluable discussions which were the source of inspiration that helped me link the study to some philosophical perspectives. I am indebted to Dr. Nigel Musk and Mr. Lars Liljegren for their valued contribution in carrying out the recordings of this study, as I am thankful to Rizwan Ul-Huq for proofreading and everlasting support. Thanks to all the staff at the Program of Language and Culture in Europe for their support during the period of study at Linköping University. My gratitude also goes to all my friends who endlessly supported me to achieve this study. Finally but foremost, special thanks to my family, without whom this study would have never existed.
Barriers to the adoption of B 2 B e-marketplaces by large enterprises : lessons learnt from the Hellenic Aerospace Industry 1

This paper investigates the main barriers to the adoption of B2B emarketplaces by large enterprises and at the same time the expected benefits that push in the opposite direction towards the adoption, through a case study conducted at the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI), one of the largest industrial enterprises of Greece. The evidence collected from this case has been analyzed using various frameworks from the literature and also the innovation diffusion theory of Rogers, and shed light on the specificity of the large enterprises concerning e-marketplaces adoption.
Rab11 maintains connections between germline stem cells and niche cells in the Drosophila ovary

All stem cells have the ability to balance their production of self-renewing and differentiating daughter cells. The germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary maintain such balance through physical attachment to anterior niche cap cells and stereotypic cell division, whereby only one daughter remains attached to the niche. GSCs are attached to cap cells via adherens junctions, which also appear to orient GSC division through capture of the fusome, a germline-specific organizer of mitotic spindles. Here we show that the Rab11 GTPase is required in the ovary to maintain GSC-cap cell junctions and to anchor the fusome to the anterior cortex of the GSC. Thus, rab11-null GSCs detach from niche cap cells, contain displaced fusomes and undergo abnormal cell division, leading to an early arrest of GSC differentiation. Such defects are likely to reflect a role for Rab11 in E-cadherin trafficking as E-cadherin accumulates in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (REs) and E-cadherin and Armadillo (β-catenin) are both found in reduced amounts on the surface of rab11-null GSCs. The Rab11-positive REs through which E-cadherin transits are tightly associated with the fusome. We propose that this association polarizes the trafficking by Rab11 of E-cadherin and other cargoes toward the anterior cortex of the GSC, thus simultaneously fortifying GSC-niche junctions, fusome localization and asymmetric cell division. These studies bring into focus the important role of membrane trafficking in stem cell biology.
Maladaptive Aortic Properties in Children After Palliation of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background— The status of the reconstructed aorta in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is considered an important determinant of long-term prognosis. Therefore, we assessed the anatomy, elastic properties, and viability of the aorta and right ventricular function in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Methods and Results— Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 40 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (age, 6.0±2.2 years) and 13 control subjects (age, 6.6±2.2 years). Aortic dimensions and distensibility were calculated at different locations of the aorta using gradient-echo cine imaging at 3.0 T. Additionally, pulse-wave velocity, right ventricular ejection fraction, and aortic late gadolinium enhancement for viability assessment were measured. Compared with control subjects, patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome had increased axial diameters of the aortic root (36.0±5.5 versus 24.1±2.7 mm/m2; P<0.01), ascending aorta (32.0±5.0 versus 21.3±1.5 mm/m2; P<0.01), and transverse aortic arch (22.7±5.2 versus 18.7±2.5 mm/m2; P<0.01). Wall distensibility was reduced in the ascending aorta (4.1±2.4 versus 13.5±7.2 10−3 mm Hg−1; P<0.01) and transverse aortic arch (5.4±3.6 versus 10.3±3.5 10−3 mm Hg−1; P<0.01). Pulse-wave velocity trended higher in patients (P=0.06). Reduced distensibility in the ascending aorta correlated with the amount of late gadolinium enhancement in a volume that included the aortic root and the ascending aorta (r=−0.72, P<0.01), and both parameters correlated with decreased right ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions— Adverse aortic properties post palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome manifest themselves by aortic dilatation, decreased distensibility, and increased volume of nonviable aortic wall tissue. The negative association between aortic late gadolinium enhancement and right ventricular ejection fraction suggests unfavorable aortic-ventricular coupling. The potential impact of these findings on long-term right ventricular function should be evaluated in future studies.
Determining the Antecedents to Use Intention in the Area of Telecommunication-Broadcasting Convergence

The convergence of telecommunication and broadcasting is one of the representative innovative technologies in digital environment. It has recently been empathized as an alternative solution to overcome already saturated telecommunication and broadcasting markets. However, the growth of related service and market cannot reach prior expectation due to the lack of understanding on the real users. Telecommunication technologies support users' instrumental purpose and broadcasting services usually serve their entertainment activities, which have an inherent value. Our research question is which factors influence users' attitude and decision making in the use of convergence services in the area of telecommunication and broadcasting. To access the determinants, we propose hedonic and utilitarian values as intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, and perceived control as internal and external conditions. To verify our model empirically, we have selected the DMB technology, a good example for the distinctive convergence service of telecommunication and broadcasting. In order for the DMB service to differentiate itself from the existing media and create unique benefits as a business model, service providers must develop individually customized contents based on each user's context information and life style and deliver them with the format meeting their hedonic needs and demands.
Anti-obesity Effect of HT048, a Herbal Combination, in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of HT048, a combination of C. pinnatifida fruit and C. unshiu peel extracts, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. 4-Week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normal and high fat diet (HFD) groups. The HFD groups were further divided into five groups treated with distilled water, orlistat (40 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o) and HT048 (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. Orlistat, an anti-obesity drug, was used as positive control in the HFD-induced obese rats. We measured the food intake, body weight, epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights, and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The body weight and epididymal adipose tissue and liver weights of the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly lower than that of the HFD control group. Also, serum TC, TG, ALT, and AST levels in the HT048 100 and 300 mg/kg treated groups were significantly decreased. Moreover, the orlistat treated group showed significantly reduced body weight and improved serum lipoprotein, compared with the HFD control group. These results show that HT048 supplements improved obesity-related body weight and serum lipoprotein parameters in a HFD-induced obese rat model.
Population-Based Biochemistry, Immunologic and Hematological Reference Values for Adolescents and Young Adults in a Rural Population in Western Kenya

Background There is need for locally-derived age-specific clinical laboratory reference ranges of healthy Africans in sub-Saharan Africa. Reference values from North American and European populations are being used for African subjects despite previous studies showing significant differences. Our aim was to establish clinical laboratory reference values for African adolescents and young adults that can be used in clinical trials and for patient management. Methods and Findings A panel of 298, HIV-seronegative individuals aged 13–34 years was randomly selected from participants in two population-based cross-sectional surveys assessing HIV prevalence and other sexually transmitted infections in western Kenya. The adolescent (<18 years)-to-adults (≥18 years) ratio and the male-to-female ratio was 1∶1. Median and 95% reference ranges were calculated for immunohematological and biochemistry values. Compared with U.S-derived reference ranges, we detected lower hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), neutrophil, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen values but elevated eosinophil and total bilirubin values. Significant gender variation was observed in hematological parameters in addition to T-bilirubin and creatinine indices in all age groups, AST in the younger and neutrophil, platelet and CD4 indices among the older age group. Age variation was also observed, mainly in hematological parameters among males. Applying U.S. NIH Division of AIDS (DAIDS) toxicity grading to our results, 40% of otherwise healthy study participants were classified as having an abnormal laboratory parameter (grade 1–4) which would exclude them from participating in clinical trials. Conclusion Hematological and biochemistry reference values from African population differ from those derived from a North American population, showing the need to develop region-specific reference values. Our data also show variations in hematological indices between adolescent and adult males which should be considered when developing reference ranges. This study provides the first locally-derived clinical laboratory reference ranges for adolescents and young adults in western Kenya.
An Improvement to the QUEST Algorithm 1

A numerical improvement is made to the QUEST algorithm. The signi(cid:12)cance of the expanded and partially-factored forms of the overlap characteristic polynomial for the computation of the maximum overlap (gain function) is examined in detail. The implementation of the partially-factored form of the QUEST characteristic polynomial greatly improves the numerical properties of that polynomial. Analyses are presented also for the other fast solutions of the Wahba problem.
Does an Insect's Unconditioned Response to Sucrose Reveal Expectations of Reward?

We asked whether and how a sequence of a honeybee's experience with different reward magnitudes changes its subsequent unconditioned proboscis extension response (PER) to sucrose stimulation of the antennae, 24 hours after training, in the absence of reward, and under otherwise similar circumstances. We found that the bees that had experienced an increasing reward schedule extended their probosces earlier and during longer periods in comparison to bees that had experienced either decreasing or constant reward schedules, and that these effects at a later time depend upon the activation of memories formed on the basis of a specific property of the experienced reward, namely, that its magnitude increased over time. An anticipatory response to reward is typically thought of as being rooted in a subject's expectations of reward. Therefore our results make us wonder to what extent a long-term ‘anticipatory’ adjustment of a honeybee's PER is based upon an expectation of reward. Further experiments will aim to elucidate the neural substrates underlying reward anticipation in harnessed honeybees.
Using character strength-based activities to design pro-environmental behaviours into the tourist experience

Abstract Using the context of luxury eco-cottages, this study draws on positive psychology to investigate how guests might be encouraged to engage in on-site pro-environmental behaviours. Based on a survey of pro-environmental behaviours and attitudes of 145 tourists, open-ended responses were analysed for the presence of character strengths and tested against responses to pro-environmental attitudes, intentions and behaviours. Results indicate that tourists who displayed character strengths were more likely to report engaging in pro-environmental behaviours or hold pro-environmental attitudes. Furthermore, some character strengths, e.g. curiosity, judgement, social intelligence, self-regulation, hope and citizenship, were more prevalent in the analysis. We conclude that tourism experiences designed to appeal to specific character strengths can encourage tourists to adopt pro-environmental behaviours.
Time Course of Improvement of Metabolic Parameters after a 12 Week Physical Exercise Programme in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Influence of Gender in a Nigerian Population

Gender is a major determinant of the outcomes of many health interventions. This study documents the order of significant improvements in metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) having metabolic syndrome within 12 weeks of physical exercise programmes. Twenty-nine patients, mean age 49.6 ± 3.7 years, presenting with high fasting plasma glucose, high triglycerides, hypertension, and high waist circumference undertook a thrice weekly aerobic and endurance exercise programme in addition to their drugs and diet. Variables were assessed at baseline and end of every two weeks for twelve weeks. Compared with baseline, significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the metabolic parameters occurred in this order for the male participants: fasting glucose (2nd week), triglycerides and waist circumference (4th week), and systolic blood pressure (12th week). For the female participants, it was fasting glucose (4th week), triglycerides (6th week), and waist circumference (10th week). Regardless of the gender, fasting glucose was the first to improve significantly, followed by triglycerides. Hypertension did not improve significantly at all in the female participants as they may require more than twelve weeks of therapeutic exercise for any significant improvement in hypertension.