Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Enterprise as Commonwealth

Deepening ecological crisis alongside a half century of widening inequality and economic instability are evidence that &#8216;Business as Usual&#8217; cannot go on. Transformation is required, particularly in the realm of corporate activity, the business of business. Shareholder primacy is a powerful social norm that constrains transformation. It positions publicly traded corporations as compelled by competitive necessity and bound by law to place shareholder returns first. This article reviews critical legal theory that questions the historical precedence, legal coherence, and practical consequence of shareholder primacy in corporate law. I consider Deakin's suggestion that it might be more appropriate to think of the corporation as a commons managed for the benefit of multiple parties. In my view, Deakin's conceptualization might be further elaborated by turning to other traditions in enterprise formation, most notably those that have shaped the cooperative form in Italy and elsewhere.
Educational Effects of Banning Access to In-State Resident Tuition for Unauthorized Immigrant Students

This research examines the effects of state laws banning access to in-state resident tuition for unauthorized immigrant students in the United States. These laws were implemented between 2005 and 2012. We evaluate the policy effects on (a) college enrollment, (b) school dropout rates of unauthorized immigrants, and (c) the enrollment of U.S. citizens in higher education. Multivariate triple-differences models are used. We find significant negative effects on the college attendance rates of unauthorized immigrants. Policies have primarily affected recent high school graduates. With regard to dropping out of school, we find no evidence of dynamic effects. Nor do we find evidence of benefits in college attendance for non-Hispanic, Hispanic, or Mexican naturalized citizens.
Quantitative Genetics of a Carotenoid-Based Color: Heritability and Persistent Natal Environmental Effects in the Great Tit

The information content of signals such as animal coloration depends on the extent to which variation reflects underlying biological processes. Although animal coloration has received considerable attention, little work has addressed the quantitative genetics of color variation in natural populations. We investigated the quantitative genetics of a carotenoid-based color patch, the ventral plumage of mature great tits (Parus major), in a wild population. Carotenoid-based colors are often suggested to reflect environmental variation in carotenoid availability, but numerous mechanisms could also lead to genetic variation in coloration. Analyses of individuals of known origin showed that, although plumage chromaticity (i.e., color) was moderately heritable, there was no significant heritability to achromaticity (i.e., brightness). We detected multiple long-lasting effects of natal environment, with hatching date and brood size both negatively related to plumage chromaticity at maturity. Our reflectance measures contrasted in their spatiotemporal sensitivity, with plumage chromaticity exhibiting significant spatial variation and achromatic variation exhibiting marked annual variation. Hence, color variation in this species reflects both genetic and environmental influences on different scales. Our analyses demonstrate the context dependence of components of color variation and suggest that color patches may convey multiple aspects of individual state.
The Fixed-Dose Combination of Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Elicits Potent Blood Pressure Lowering During Nighttime in Obese Hypertensive Patients

Background Hypertension is one of the most powerful predictor of the future cardiovascular events, and antihypertensive therapy adopting multiple drug regimen is often needed to obtain the appropriate blood pressure (BP) control. To clarify the blood pressure-lowering effect of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and diuretic agent in poorly controlled hypertensive patients, we intended a multicenter prospective observational study (Investigation for Normalized Blood pressure control with the Appropriate medication: INBA) by means of the sequential ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods One hundred and thirteen hypertensive patients who had not achieved the target BP control proposed in the guidelines with medication containing any ARB but without diuretic agents (54 men; mean age, 66 years old; mean office systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP), 158/82 mmHg) were enrolled. Daytime and nighttime blood pressures were assessed with ABPM before and at 12 weeks after switching the ARB to the FDC of 50 mg of losartan, and 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Results Daytime SBP/DBP (mean ± SD) decreased from 151 ± 14/88 ± 8 mmHg to 140 ± 11/82 ± 8 mmHg (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively), and nocturnal SBP/DBP from 138 ± 18/78 ± 9 mmHg to 125 ± 14/72 ± 9 mmHg (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) during the 12 weeks treatment. Pulse rate did not change irrespective of the time window. Among various parameters (age, history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), serum potassium, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide), BMI alone showed significant negative correlation with 12-weeks reduction in nocturnal SBP (r = -0.43, P < 0.05). No parameters correlated with reduction in daytime SBP during this period. Patients with BMI ≥ median (25.8 kg/m2) showed significantly greater reduction in nocturnal SBP for 12 weeks than patients with BMI < median (20.1 ± 15.6 mmHg vs 6.1 ± 10.9 mmHg, P < 0.001) although reduction in daytime SBP was comparable between the two groups (8.9 ± 13.5 mmHg vs 11.9 ± 12.7 mmHg). Conclusions The administration of the FDC of losartan/HCTZ lowers BP both in day- and nighttime, and the nocturnal antihypertensive potency is remarkable in obese patients.
Long-Run Fiscal Uncertainty, Growth and Asset Prices ⁄

Following massive government interventions during the great recession of 20072009, governments’ indebtedness has skyrocketed around the globe. These dramatic flnancing needs raise uncertainty about the future stance of flscal policies and their efiects on the growth prospects of the economy. In this paper, we reconsider the link between short-run stabilization and uncertainty about long-term flscal policies from an asset pricing perspective. Asset prices contain important information about both short-run ∞uctuations and long-term growth prospects. We analyze this information in a general equilibrium model with real and flnancial frictions that is consistent with both quantities and prices. Focusing on debt and persistent stochastic corporate tax rates as flscal policy instruments, we flrst show that flrms optimal response to tax shocks induces persistent swings in macroeconomic variables, which coupled with recursive preferences command high risk premia in asset markets. We then evaluate the welfare implications of simple flscal policy rules linking government’s debt and corporate tax policies to the state of the economy. In models calibrated to match asset price data, we show that the welfare costs of countercyclical flscal policies are positive and can be substantial.
On the Spatial Distribution of Cloud Particles

Abstract Recent studies have led to the statistical characterization of the spatial (temporal) distributions of cloud (precipitation) particles as a doubly stochastic Poisson process. This paper arrives at a similar conclusion (larger-than-Poissonian variance) via the more fundamental route of statistical physics and significantly extends previous findings in several ways. The focus is on the stochastic structure in the spatial distribution of cloud particles. A new approach for exploring the stochastic structure of clouds is proposed using a direct relation between number density variance and the pair correlation function. In addition, novel counting diagrams, particularly useful for analyzing counts at low data rates, demonstrate droplet clustering and striking deviations from Poisson randomness on small (centimeter) scales. These findings are shown to agree with pair correlation functions calculated for droplet counts obtained from an aircraft-mounted cloud probe. Time series of the arrival of each dro.
SCORING MODELS: THE FFIEC DATABASE CASE

We examine the performance of static and multi-period credit-scoring models for determining probabilities of default (PDs) of financial institutions. We use an extensive data base for the US provided by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC). Academic research linked to the performance of rating models for financial institutions is rather limited, as most studies mainly focus on corporates and, due to their different balance sheet structure, often exclude financial institutions from their sample. However, the importance of assessing the default risk of financial institutions has become even more obvious since the recent period of financial and economic turmoil during the financial crisis. We use an extensive sample of more than seven thousand US commercial banks that also contains over four hundred default events, using the unique Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) database. Our analysis also focuses on evaluating the performance of the considered scoring techniques. We apply a substantial number of model evaluation methods, including techniques that have not yet been applied in the literature on credit scoring. We also provide an overall ranking of the models according to the different evaluation criteria. We find that the considered scoring models provide a high predictive accuracy in distinguishing between default and non-default financial institutions. Despite the difficulty of predicting defaults in the financial sector as it has been mentioned in the literature, the proposed models perform very well also in comparison to results on scoring techniques for the corporate sector.
Class, identity, and insecurity: Bangladeshi temporary migrants in the United Arab Emirates

The main task of this article is to link the issue of the identity of migrants to the human security of migrants with temporary labor status. This article explores not only the politico-economic circumstances of temporary labor migration amid conditions of insecurity, vulnerability, and precarity, and its social and cultural underpinnings, which are mediated by migrants’ class position, but also the consequences on temporary migrants’ identities. The temporary migrant workers from Bangladesh in the Gulf Coordinating Council (GCC) countries including the United Arab Emirates (UAE) belong to multiple spaces yet their families and homes are foremost anchors in their narratives of belonging. The space most temporary migrant workers occupy is glocal with a specific focus on geography as well as the community. The article addresses the class-based identity and human security of the temporary Bangladeshi migrants in the UAE.
Predictable Risk and Returns in Emerging Markets

The emergence of new equity markets in Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Mideast and Africa provides a new menu of opportunities for investors. These markets exhibit high expected returns as well as high volatility. Importantly, the low correlations with developed countries' equity markets significantly reduces the unconditional portfolio risk of a world investor. However, standard global asset pricing models, which assume complete integration of capital markets, fail to explain the cross-section of average returns in emerging countries. An analysis of the predictability of the returns reveals that emerging market returns are more likely than developed countries to be influenced by local information.
The distribution of verb tenses and modals in journal articles’ abstracts

Abstract This study aims at analysing the verb tenses and modals used in each sentence found in the abstracts of journal articles and explaining when each verb tense or modal is used. In addition, this study also discusses the similarities and differences in the use of verb tenses and modals across the four different disciplines, i.e. Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences. The study used a corpus taken from 100 abstracts of international journal articles. These journal articles are classified into four disciplines: Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences. The findings show that most of the sentences use the present simple and the past simple. There are also several sentences using the present perfect. Health Sciences and Life Sciences show a few sentences using the past perfect. Physical Sciences has one sentence using the present progressive. This study also found that the verbs used in Health Sciences are more numerous than the other disciplines. For modals, this study found eight modals used in the abstracts, and the modal can is the most frequently used. The results of this study are expected to assist teachers of English for Writing Academic Papers in providing more focused teaching materials.
A DHT-Based Grid Resource Indexing and Discovery Scheme

This paper presents a DHT-based grid resource indexing and discovery (DGRID) approach. With DGRID, resource-information data is stored on its own administrative domain and each domain, represented by an index server, is virtualized to several nodes (virtual servers) subjected to the number of resource types it has. Then, all nodes are arranged as a structured overlay network or distributed hash table (DHT). Comparing to existing grid resource indexing and discovery schemes, the benefits of DGRID include improve security of domains, increase availability of data, and elimination of stale data.
Quantum Logic Dequantization: Information Loss

An attempt to ascertain reasons of the quantum logic efficiency was made. To do this, we reduce the complete set of elementary quantum logic operations to the classical one via taking the semi-classical limit (dequantization). We estimate the amount of information loss for any element of the set and obtain general expression for the loss estimation of any quantum algorithm under dequantization. We demonstrate the technique on quantum discrete fast Fourier transform and Grover search algorithms.
Investigation of using different Chinese word segmentation standards and algorithms for automatic speech recognition

Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is a necessary step in Mandarin Chinese automatic speech recognition (ASR), and it has an impact on the results of ASR. However, there are few works on the relations between CWS and ASR. CWS settings, including segmentation standards and algorithms, are involved in building a segmenter. In this paper, four CWS standards and three CWS algorithms, including maximum matching, term frequency based and conditional random field (CRF) based algorithms, are investigated for ASR performance. Our experiments on the second Sighan Bakeoff data and Mandarin Chinese conversational telephone speech show that a better segmentation performance does not necessarily lead to a better ASR performance. Maximum matching and the term frequency based algorithm, which are classified as lexicon-based algorithms, are more flexible to update their vocabulary inventories according to the application need. We find that these two algorithms can provide similar ASR performance as the CRF-based algorithm. Motivated by the availability of huge amounts of web text data, we investigate whether this can improve the term frequency based algorithm and thus the ASR performance. Lastly we find that combining the two lexicon-based algorithms through language model interpolation can further improve the ASR performance.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENT CONDUCT ANDFIRST-YEAR STUDENT ATTRITION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Do college students that go through the conduct process dropout at higher rates than their peers do? This exploratory case study researched first time, first-year students at a single research site over a two-year period to understand what the relationship was between student conduct and attrition. The study’s main goal was to see if there were any statistically significant data associated with conduct students that dropped out. Academic data from the complete sample size of the population was used similarly to secondary data to study trends amongst the first-year students. Quantitative data was in the form of retention and student conduct reports. Qualitative data came in the form of retention and student conduct notes. The main findings from this study were that there was significant data associated with conduct students that drop out. Mainly, that when compared to the general population, conduct students drop out at higher rates than their peers did. With this information in hand, college professionals can design interventions for at-risk students to assist in their retention.
Structure-aware music resizing using lyrics

World wide web provides plenty of multimedia resources for creating rich media web applications. However, the collected music and other media resources always mismatch in the metric of time length. Existent music resizing approaches suffer from perceptual artifacts which degrade the performance of resized music. In this paper, a novel structure-aware music resizing approach is proposed. Through lyrics analysis, our approach can compress different parts of a music piece in variant compression rates. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively generate resized songs with good quality.
The Multifaceted Dimensions of English Linguistics, Literature and Education

English so far becomes the main instrument in communication. It also delivers other things relating to ecological ones. Ecological education recently becomes the main issue because of rubbish and flood. Teaching ecological education in English teaching should be made as one of manifestation that language does not only talk about the language itself. It means that language actually attends to communicate anything new relating to life. Here it is about ecology. The reality so far illustrates that not many teachers in school teach ecological education. That thing is seperated from language teaching, including English. Based on the assumption, it is important and necessary to teach ecological education based on English teaching. There are several main points that should be paid attention. Those are the teachers’ capacity in using all phonemena relating to ecology to be inserted in language teaching. Teachers are required to ascertain what phonemena are. Banjarmasin as one of wetland city in South Kalimantan Province can be taken as material in language teaching. All things relating Banjarmasin as wetland city can and should be considered. Banjarmasin sorrounded by many rivers is one of the uniqueness itself. Using English to all components in wetland is the richness itself. When the language teaching is full and rich of new vocabularies, it can be new challenge for teaching, teacher, and the learner. Usually, the interestedness will appear when there is the new nuance. The learners are interested and curious in that. The approach and method in teaching certainly must be created in an interesting manner and creatively so that the learners are involved actively in that activity. Key Words: Teaching, English, and Ecological Education, and Wetland
Coaching style and attitudes toward doping in Chinese athletes: The mediating role of moral disengagement

Previous studies in Western countries indicated that coaching style had significant influence on athletes’ attitudes toward doping. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between coaching style and attitudes toward doping among Chinese athletes. The potential mediating role of moral disengagement was examined. Participants were 203 athletes (Mean age = 19.0 years, 36.9% females) from the Fujian Provincial Sports Team, China. Athletes’ perception of autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching style was assessed using the adapted Health Care Climate Questionnaire and the Coach Controlling Behaviors Scale, respectively. Moral disengagement in sport was assessed using a scale developed by the authors. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale was adapted to measure athletes’ attitudes toward doping. Structural equation modelling was used to establish to assess the mediation effects. The results from structural equation model testing showed that autonomy-supportive coaching style had no direct effect on attitudes toward doping, and the indirect path through moral disengagement was also not significant. Controlling coaching style had an indirect and positive effect on attitudes toward doping through moral disengagement. Results indicated that controlling coaching style was positively associated with attitudes toward doping among Chinese athletes. The relationship was mediated by moral disengagement. Autonomy-supportive coaching style was not associated with attitudes toward doping. The findings provided evidence supporting the important role of moral disengagement in mediating the positive relationship between controlling coaching style and attitudes toward doping among Chinese athletes. The findings indicated that avoiding construction of controlling coaching climate and reducing moral disengagement in sport may be relevant for reducing athletes’ pro-doping attitudes.
The uraemic toxin phenylacetic acid inhibits osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation: an implication for the pathogenesis of low turnover bone in chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND A relatively high level of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is required to maintain normal bone turnover in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 'Uraemic toxins' could cause an impaired response to PTH in bone and result in low turnover bone disease. Since phenylacetic acid (PAA) has been identified as one of the uraemic toxins in patients with CKD and has an inhibiting property of monocyte function, we examined if PAA might inhibit osteoblastic functions in vitro. METHODS Using mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, we performed BrdU incorporation, real-time PCR, Western blot and stainings to see the effect of PAA. RESULTS PAA significantly inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner ranging between 0.5 and 5 mM. PAA reduced osteocalcin mRNA level, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblastic mineralization. PAA pre-treatment also decreased both PTH-induced cAMP production and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION PAA, a newly identified uraemic toxin, affects osteoblastic functions such as proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and responsiveness to PTH, indicating that this molecule could play an important role in the pathogenesis of low turnover bone in CKD.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Utilization of Traditional Medicine among the Communities of Merawi Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background. In Ethiopia, up to 80% of the population use traditional medicine for primary health care. Studies on the current knowledge and practices of communities in the era of modern health care expansion are lacking. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of traditional medicine among communities in Merawi town. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 403 residents of Merawi town. A systematic random sampling was used to select households. Data was collected through house to house interview. Results. 392 out of 403 questionnaires were analysed. Among the participants, 220 (56.1%) were female. The mean (±s.d.) age of the participants was 32.5 (±12.4) years. Nearly two-thirds, 241 (61.5%), of study participants have good knowledge about traditional medicines. Three-quarters of participants prefer modern medicine to traditional drugs. 70.9% of participants had the experience of personal use of traditional therapies. Conclusions. The population in Merawi has good knowledge with high acceptability and use of traditional medicine. The main reasons for high acceptability and practice were cultural acceptability, lesser cost, and good outcome of traditional medicine.