Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Energy Management for a mechanical-hybrid vehicle with cold start conditions

This paper presents the design of an optimal Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a hybrid vehicle that starts with a cold powertrain. The cold start negatively affects the combustion and transmission efficiency of the powertrain, caused by the higher frictional losses due to increased hydrodynamic viscosity effects. The excess fuel consumption of the engine and the excess power loss of the transmission are modeled by static relations as a function of the lubrication oil temperature. The thermodynamics in the powertrain during the heating period of the powertrain is approximated by a first-order dynamic model. The main design criterion for the optimal EMS is the minimization of the overall fuel consumption over a pre-defined driving cycle. Dynamic programming is used to find the globally optimal solution for six representative driving cycles. The results show that the cold start has a significant impact on the fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle, yet its influence on the optimal EMS is negligible.
Relationship of Platelet Reactivity With Bleeding Outcomes During Long‐Term Treatment With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Medically Managed Patients With Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background The relationship between “on‐treatment” low platelet reactivity and longitudinal risks of major bleeding dual antiplatelet therapy following acute coronary syndromes remains uncertain, especially for patients who do not undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results We analyzed 2428 medically managed acute coronary syndromes patients from the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial who had serial platelet reactivity measurements (P2Y12 reaction units; PRUs) and were randomized to aspirin+prasugrel versus aspirin+clopidogrel for up to 30 months. Contal's method was used to determine whether a cut point for steady‐state PRU values could distinguish high versus low bleeding risk using 2‐level composites: Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) severe/life‐threatening or moderate bleeding unrelated to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and non‐CABG Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major or minor bleeding. Exploratory analyses used 3‐level composites that incorporated mild and minimal GUSTO and TIMI events. Continuous measures of PRUs (per 10‐unit decrease) were not independently associated with the 2‐level GUSTO (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96–1.06) or TIMI composites (1.02; 0.98–1.07). Furthermore, no PRU cut point could significantly distinguish bleeding risk using the 2‐level composites. However, the PRU cut point of 75 differentiated bleeding risk with the 3‐level composites of GUSTO (26.5% vs 12.6%; adjusted HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.77–2.94; P<0.001) and TIMI bleeding events (25.9% vs 12.2%; adjusted HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.78–2.97; P<0.001). Conclusions Among medically managed non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes patients receiving prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, PRU values were not significantly associated with the long‐term risk of major bleeding events, suggesting that low on‐treatment platelet reactivity does not independently predict serious bleeding risk. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00699998.
Playground romance : an ethnographic study of friendship and romance in children's relationship cultures

This thesis explores the prominence of romance and romantic love in the relationship cultures of a cohort of children aged between 10 and 12. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork that took place at three primary schools and one high school over the period of a year, it examines the various ways that the children invested in and understand romance and romantic love during the significant rite-of-passage of the transfer between primary and secondary educational phases. Using qualitative and ethnographic methods - including participant observation, group interviews, story and diary writing - rich forms of spoken, written and pictorial data were gathered. These are discussed and analysed with reference to sociological theories of sexuality, friendship and social solidarity. Although the research was situated in schools, it is important to highlight that this was a cultural, rather than an educational study. It shows that romance was a key part of the children's negotiations of their own and others identities and relationships, and that this was shaped in powerful ways by discourses of gender, sexuality and social class. Key points of discussion include: the development of the concept of Tietero-sociality' as a way of discussing how heterosexual practices shape children's everyday lives the differences between girls' and boys' articulations of and investments in romance how romance shapes friendship practices, particularly *best' friendships how understandings of and investments in romantic love are classed and gendered the importance of gendered sexuality during the transfer between primary and secondary schooling and in children's conceptions of the life-course and, the use of the adult researcher's 'ethnographic self as a tool for investigating the personal relationships, friendship cultures and solidarities of children and young people.
Can Nonnative Speakers Reduce English Vowels in a Native-Like Fashion? Evidence from L1-Spanish L2-English Bilinguals

Abstract This paper investigates the production of English unstressed vowels by two groups of early (ESp) and late Spanish (LSp) bilinguals and a control group of native English (NE) monolinguals. Three acoustic measurements were obtained: duration and intensity ratios of unstressed to stressed vowels, normalized vowel formants and euclidean distances. Both groups of bilinguals showed significantly fewer differences in duration between stressed and unstressed vowels than the NE monolinguals. Intensity differences depended on whether the stress pattern of the target English words matched the stress pattern of their Spanish cognates. As for vowel quality, the early bilinguals reduced the unstressed vowels, which clustered around the midcenter area of the vowel space, in the same fashion as the NE monolinguals, suggesting that vowel reduction might be operating at the phonological level. However, the late bilinguals showed a context-dependent, phonetic-level pattern with vowels that were more peripheral in the vowel space.
Electronically-reconfîgurable parallel-plate wave launchers based on corrugated substrate integrated leaky waveguides with tunable components

We present some initial designs of electronically-controlled circuits based on the corrugated substrate integrated leaky waveguide, which shunt open-ended quarter-wave stubs are loaded with tunable-capacitance components (such as varactor diodes, MEMs switches, or liquid crystals). It is demonstrated that this topology permits the electronic control over the angle at which the wave is launched on the host parallel-plate substrate. This way, original simple reconfigurable integrated circuits are envisaged. Full-wave simulations are performed on two preliminary C-band designs. The first circuit is an electronically-scanned plane-wave wave launcher for reconfigurable scanned slot-array antennas. The second design is a new type of quasi-optical single-pole four-throw (SP4T) switch for integrated beam forming networks.
Growth Pattern and Dietary Intake of Children with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

The growth pattern and dietary intake of 33 children with varying degrees of renal insufficiency has been investigated. The development of impaired renal function in infancy has a more deleterious effect on linear growth than has its onset in later years. A reduction in growth velocity may occur once the glomerular filtration rate falls below 25 ml/min/1·73m2. There was a significant reduction of the energy, protein, and vitamin D intakes of children with renal insufficiency compared with those recommended for their age, and of energy intake compared with that of normal children of their own height. Reduced growth velocity occurred when energy intake fell below 80% of that recommended. The reduction in the intake of energy and nutrients in these children may in part be responsible for their growth retardation.
Family Policy

This article examines the question of how family professionals should respond to the conservative “profamily” movement. It is argued that the response of liberal family professionals to date—consisting largely of a defense of pluralism—has been inadequate. Instead, family professionals need to develop a concrete agenda based on what they think are the most important issues facing families currently.
Selective Expansion and Partial Activation of Human NK Cells and NK Receptor-Positive T Cells by IL-2 and IL-151

IL-2 and IL-15 are lymphocyte growth factors produced by different cell types with overlapping functions in immune responses. Both cytokines costimulate lymphocyte proliferation and activation, while IL-15 additionally promotes the development and survival of NK cells, NKT cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. We have investigated the effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion by human PBMC subpopulations in vitro. Both cytokines selectively induced the proliferation of NK cells and CD56+ T cells, but not CD56− lymphocytes. All NK and CD56+ T cell subpopulations tested (CD4+, CD8+, CD4−CD8−, αβTCR+, γδTCR+, CD16+, CD161+, CD158a+, CD158b+, KIR3DL1+, and CD94+) expanded in response to both cytokines, whereas all CD56− cell subpopulations did not. Therefore, previously reported IL-15-induced γδ and CD8+ T cell expansions reflect proliferations of NK and CD56+ T cells that most frequently express these phenotypes. IL-15 also expanded CD8α+β− and Vα24Vβ11 TCR+ T cells. Both cytokines stimulated cytotoxicity by NK and CD56+ T cells against K562 targets, but not the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, or IL-4. However, they augmented cytokine production in response to phorbol ester stimulation or CD3 cross-linking by inducing the proliferation of NK cells and CD56+ T cells that produce these cytokines at greater frequencies than other T cells. These results indicate that IL-2 and IL-15 act at different stages of the immune response by expanding and partially activating NK receptor-positive lymphocytes, but, on their own, do not influence the Th1/Th2 balance of adaptive immune responses.
Tweens' Online Privacy Risks and the Role of Parental Mediation

This study examined the role of parental mediation in tweens' online information disclosing behaviors. In particular, the influence of parental mediation on 2 types of personally identifiable information disclosure (voluntary disclosure in general online activities and disclosure upon marketers' request) was examined. A survey conducted with 381 parent-tween dyads in Korea revealed that, while parental mediation was not directly associated with tweens' information disclosing behaviors, parent-tween disagreement on restrictive mediation was: tweens' inaccurate perception of what parents do to limit their access to commercial Web sites seems to be positively related to tweens' information disclosure on the Web.
Clinical Cancer esearch cer Therapy : Preclinical or Regression and Curability of Preclinical Neuroblastoma els by PEGylated SN 38 ( EZN-2208 ) , a Novel R oisomerase I Inhibitor

wnloaded pose: Treatment of neuroblastoma is successful in less than half of patients with high-risk disease. titumor activity of a water soluble pegylated SN38 drug conjugate, EZN-2208, was compared with 1 (a prodrug for SN38) in preclinical models of human neuroblastoma. erimental Design: The in vitro cytotoxicity of EZN-2208 was tested by counting trypan blue dye– nnexin V–positive cells, whereas its therapeutic efficacy was evaluated, in terms of survival, and mor and antiangiogenic activities, in s.c. luciferase-transfected, pseudometastatic, and orthotopic blastoma animal models. ults: EZN-2208 was about 100-fold more potent than CPT-11 in vitro, by inducing apoptosis/ sis and p53 expression and by reducing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/HIF-2α expression. 208 gave superior antitumor effects compared with CPT-11 in neuroblastoma xenografts. EZNtreatment always resulted in lack of tumor detection at the end of trials whereas only small theraeffects were observed with CPT-11, as assessed by luciferase assay or tumor size, or even by staining ogic sections of tumors with antibodies recognizing neuroblastoma cells and cell proliferation. In a blastoma model resistant to doxorubicin, cisplatin, vincristine, fenretinide, and topotecan, EZNinduced 100% curability. It also blocked tumor relapse after topotecan-vincristine-doxorubicin ined treatment. Mechanistic experiments showed statistically significantly enhanced terminal deoxeotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling and Histone H2ax staining as well as ded vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 sion in tumors removed from EZN-2208–treated mice and radiating vessels invading the tumor nted onto the chorioallantoic membranes. clusions: EZN-2208 should be considered a most promising novel antineuroblastoma agent. Con An ongoing phase I study in pediatric patients should identify the optimal dose for a phase II study. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4809–21. ©2010 AACR.
Genre and history/historying

This article defines the historian's genre decision as an epistemological choice. I argue that this genre choice is between ‘reconstructionist’, ‘constructionist’, ‘deconstructionist’ or ‘postist’ orientations to the nature of history. The consequences of the historian's epistemic choice are then demonstrated in the forms of the history they produce. The conclusion is that historians do not discover the form and hence the meaning of the past. Rather they demonstrate how their epistemic assumption produces different forms of and meanings for (their) history.
A "Demographic Turnaround": The Rapid Growth of the Indigenous Populations in Lowland Latin America

<p> In contrast to the rich scholarship documenting the traumatic post-contact destruction of indigenous populations in the Latin American tropics, little is known about their contemporary population dynamics. What accounts for the "demographic turnaround" reported for some groups? How widespread is population recovery, and what are its implications for indigenous political resurgence? We address these questions by compiling recent (post-1980) demographic indicators for over one hundred lowland indigenous populations. Despite remarkable socioeconomic and cultural diversity among these groups, we find compelling evidence that they nevertheless share a common trajectory of very rapid growth over the past two decades, especially in contrast to non-indigenous populations. We briefly review the implications of their dramatic physical resurgence and show how closer attention to this phenomenon is overdue. We discuss the relevance of indigenous societies' recovery to scholarship and praxis in the areas of health and education, cultural and political gains, and demographic theory. </p> <p>A diferencia de la vasta literatura académica que documenta la traumática destrucción pos-contacto de las poblaciones indígenas de los trópicos latinoamericanos, muy poco se conoce sobre sus actuales dinámicas demográficas. ¿Cómo se explica el cambio demográfico reportado por algunos de estos grupos? , ¿qué tan extensa es la recuperación de la población y cuáles son sus implicancias para el resurgimiento de la política indígena? Abordamos estas preguntas a través de la compilación de recientes indicadores demográficos (pos-1980) de más de 100 poblaciones indígenas de tierras bajas. A pesar de la gran diversidad cultural y socioeconómica que existe entre los grupos, encontramos evidencia sustancial de que éstos comparten una trayectoria común de rápido crecimiento en las dos últimas décadas, especialmente en comparación a poblaciones no indígenas. Describimos brevemente las implicaciones de su dramático resurgimiento físico y señalamos la necesidad de dedicar más atención a este fenómeno. En particular, discutimos la relevancia que la recuperación de las sociedades indígenas tiene para la investigación académica y para la práctica en áreas de salud, educación, cultura política, así como también para el desarrollo de la teoría demográfica. </p>
What Goes Around Comes Around: Knowledge Hiding, Perceived Motivational Climate, and Creativity

Knowledge hiding prevents colleagues from generating creative ideas, but it may also have negative consequences for the creativity of the knowledge hider. Drawing on social exchange theory, we propose that when employees hide knowledge, they trigger a reciprocal distrust loop in which coworkers are unwilling to share knowledge with them. We further suggest that these effects are contingent on the motivational climate such that the negative effects of hiding knowledge on one’s own creativity are enhanced in a performance climate and attenuated in a mastery climate. A field study of 240 employees, nested into 34 groups, revealed a negative relationship between knowledge hiding and the knowledge hider’s creativity as well as the moderating role of a mastery climate. Study 2 replicated these findings in an experimental study of 132 undergraduate students, testing a reciprocal distrust loop and comparing it with an alternative intra-psychic explanatory process based on situational regulatory focus. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
As Stories Become Familiar: Mother-Child Conversations During Shared Reading

The interactions of 24-, 30-, and 36-month-old children and their mothers reading two initially unfamiliar books were observed three times over a 2-week period. Coding characterized both the content and the role of their utterances as they discussed the stories. Utterance content depended on child age but changed little with increasing story familiarity. Focus on narrative intangibles such as characters' feelings and explanations of actions increased from 24 to 30 months, and the number of children who asked questions about these intangibles also increased with age. In contrast, utterance role depended primarily on story familiarity and varied only slightly with child age. The implications of these findings for the child's emerging narrative competence are discussed.
Assessing Implicit Cognitive Motivation: Developing and Testing An Implicit Association Test to Measure Need for Cognition

The personality trait need for cognition (NFC) refers to individual differences in cognitive motivation and has proven to be an extraordinarily useful descriptor and predictor in the context of information processing. So far, NFC has been assessed via self–report. More recent research, however, accentuates the value of indirect measures, as they tap into implicit aspects of the personality self–concept and are assumed to provide incremental validity especially in predicting automatic aspects of behaviour. Therefore, in the present research, different NFC–Implicit Association Tests (IATs) were developed and pretested for psychometric properties. The final version was systematically tested for its predictive validity over and above the direct NFC measure based on a latent variable approach. The results provide evidence for a double dissociation model and suggest the NFC–IAT to exert its predictive value regarding the more spontaneous aspects of NFC–related behaviour, whereas the NFC scale was rather predictive for the more reflective aspects of behaviour. Moreover, the present research contributes to the understanding of construct–unrelated variance in personality IATs and offers valuable information for test development in the realm of personality IATs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prior to Conception: The Role of an Acupuncture Protocol in Improving Women's Reproductive Functioning Assessed by a Pilot Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial

The global average of couples with fertility problems is 9%. Assisted reproductive technologies are often inaccessible. Evidence points to acupuncture offering an opportunity to promote natural fertility. This study asked whether providing a multiphasic fertility acupuncture protocol to women with sub/infertility would increase their awareness of fertility and achieve normalisation of their menstrual cycle compared with a lifestyle control. In a pragmatic randomised controlled trial sub/infertile women were offered an intervention of acupuncture and lifestyle modification or lifestyle modification only. There was a statistically significant increase in fertility awareness in the acupuncture group (86.4%, 19) compared to 40% (n = 8) of the lifestyle only participants (Relative Risk (RR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.25, 4.50), with an adjusted p value of 0.011. Changes in menstrual regularity were not statistically significant. There was no statistical difference in the pregnancy rate with seven women (adjusted p = 0.992) achieving pregnancy during the course of the study intervention. Those receiving the acupuncture conceived within an average of 5.5 weeks compared to 10.67 weeks for the lifestyle only group (p = 0.422). The acupuncture protocol tested influenced women who received it compared to women who used lifestyle modification alone: their fertility awareness and wellbeing increased, and those who conceived did so in half the time.
Ethnicity, workplace bullying, social support and psychological strain in Aotearoa/New Zealand

This research explored whether respondents who self-identified as New Zealand Europeans experienced less bullying and less severe outcomes than those who self-identified as Māori, Pacific Island or other ethnic groups. Social support was also examined as a potential buffer against the negative effects of bullying. One thousand, seven hundred and thirty-three respondents from four sectors (health, education, hospitality and travel) responded to a selfreport questionnaire. Despite reporting higher levels of bullying than New Zealand Europeans, Pacific Island and Asian/Indian respondents reported lower levels of psychological strain. A possible explanation for this may lie in the somewhat higher levels of supervisor support reported by Pacific Island, Asian/Indian and Māori respondents, compared to those who self-identified as New Zealand European. Respondents with more supportive supervisors and colleagues reported experiencing less bullying and less strain. Bullying was related to negative outcomes for all groups. The implications of these findings for management of workplace bullying are discussed.
Establishing Interagency Collaboration in Large-Scale Systems Development: Lessons Learned from an E-government Project for Trade and Transport Facilitation

Based on recommendations of various international and intergovernmental bodies, many countries have adopted the concept of an Internet-based “Single Window” with an expectation that it would allow seamless G2G, G2B, B2G, and B2B information exchange within and across borders to enhance the facilitation of the international trade. The implementation of such effort requires unprecedented interagency collaboration which is seen as an unnatural act between non-consenting agents. To gain insights on how the interagency collaborative platform is established and maintained, we participate in the large-scale e-government project for trade and transport facilitation in Thailand, examine activities that have been carried out during the first phases, and assist the establishment of a collaborative relationship. From our study, we generate lessons learned that offer some practical ideas for policy-makers and project managers as well as issues for future research.