Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spinning-induced Rhabdomyolysis: Eleven Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Non-traumatic exertional rhabdomyolysis (exRML) occurs in individuals with normal muscles when the energy supplied to the muscle is insufficient. Here, we report 11 cases of spinning-induced rhabdomyolysis and review related literature. Spinning is a kind of indoor bicycle sport. The 11 patients who were diagnosed with exRML and admitted to CHA Bundang Medical Center were female and their ages ranged from 15 to 46 years. Two to three days prior to the presentation, the patients had attended a spinning class for the first time. All the patients had been otherwise healthy without any known medical illnesses. They were successfully treated without any complications, except mild non-symptomatic hypocalcemia. However, in the literature, severe complications such as compartment syndrome or acute kidney injury had been reported in relation to exRML including spinning-induced rhabdomyolysis. This spinning exercise needs prior guidelines and specific warnings to prevent exertional rhabdomyolysis.
Can a Coherent Risk Measure Be Too Subadditive?

We consider the problem of determining appropriate solvency capital requirements for an insurance company or a financial institution. We demonstrate that the subadditivity condition that is often imposed on solvency capital principles can lead to the undesirable situation where the shortfall risk increases by a merger. We propose to complement the subadditivity condition by a regulator's condition. We find that for an explicitly specified confidence level, the Value-at-Risk satisfies the regulator's condition and is the most efficient capital requirement in the sense that it minimizes some reasonable cost function. Within the class of concave distortion risk measures, of which the elements, in contrast to the Value-at-Risk, exhibit the subadditivity property, we find that, again for an explicitly specified confidence level, the Tail-Value-at-Risk is the optimal capital requirement satisfying the regulator's condition.
Communication and Decision-Making in Corporate Boards

Time constraints, managerial power, and reputational concerns can impede board communication. This paper develops a model where board decisions depend on directors' effort in communicating their information to others. I show that directors communicate more effectively when pressure for conformity is stronger—that is, when directors are more reluctant to disagree with each other. Hence, open ballot voting can be optimal, even though it induces directors to disregard their information and conform their votes to others. I also show that communication can be more efficient when directors' preferences are more diverse. The analysis has implications for executive sessions, transparency, and committees.
Potential problems of ascorbate and iron supplementation: pro-oxidant effect in vivo?

The comparison was undertaken between the effects of ascorbate versus ascorbate plus iron supplementation on DNA damage. Twenty healthy subjects with initial levels of plasma ascorbate of 67.2 +/- 23.3 micromol/l were randomly assigned to and cycled through one of three supplementation regimes: placebo, 260 mg/d ascorbate, 260 mg/d ascorbate plus 14 mg/d iron for 6 weeks separated by 8-week washout periods. Supplementation did not cause a rise in total oxidative DNA damage measured by GC-MS. However, a significant decrease occurred in levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine by ascorbate supplementation and 5-hydroxymethyl uracil by both ascorbate and ascorbate plus iron supplementation, relative to the pre-supplemental levels but not to the placebo group. In addition, levels of 5-hydroxymethyl hydantoin and 5-hydroxy cytosine increased significantly, only relative to pre-supplementation, by ascorbate plus iron treatment. No compelling evidence for a pro-oxidant effect of ascorbate supplementation, in the presence or absence of iron, on DNA base damage was observed.
Tourism and social change in post-socialist Zanzibar: struggles for identity, movement and civilization

photos but what it might lack in visual appeal is accounted for in Vrasti’s ability to make connections between theory, practice, and personal experience. Her writing is extremely articulate with every sentence being well thought out and heavy with meaning. This book requires prior knowledge of this topic and the neoliberal theoretical framework. Students who have a limited understanding of the theories presented in this book will likely find it overwhelming and hard to follow. It is most suited for graduate-level tourism, volunteer tourism, and international development students who are well versed in international politics as well as Marxist and Foucault’s interpretations of neoliberalism. For graduate-level students, this book provides a thought-provoking look at the dynamics of volunteer tourism from a personal perspective in stark contrast to the political forces that shape it. Any graduate student looking to engage in volunteer tourism research should absolutely be encouraged to read this text. While this book is an important read for graduate-level students, it is likely not appropriate for lower level undergraduate students in tourism or hospitality programs unless their programs provide a heavy focus on the theories mentioned above. Depending on the focus of the tourism program, this book may be appropriate in some upper division sustainable tourism or tourism development classes. More specifically, the information is not written in a way that would be easily understandable or applicable to those without the same training and understanding of theories as Vrasti. This book provides a thought-provoking inspection of volunteer tourism in both Guatemala and Ghana. Readers are encouraged to really examine why they want to participate in volunteer tourism experiences and to make evident the power structures that play a role in the way that volunteer tourism is developed. The writing is intellectually stimulating and thought provoking but might be challenging to those who have no experience with the theories and assumptions developed. In summary, it should be highly recommended to graduate level and upper division undergraduate students wishing to study the impacts of volunteer tourism development.
Antigenic and genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial viruses (group A) isolated in Uruguay and Argentina: 1993–2001

The antigenic and genetic diversity of G glycoprotein from 25 human respiratory viruses (group A) isolated during nine consecutive epidemics (1993–2001) in Montevideo, Uruguay, and 7 strains isolated in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in the same period were analyzed. Genetic variability was evaluated by partial sequence of the G protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most Uruguayan and Argentinean group A isolates clustered into three genotypes: GA5, GA2, and GA1. Some strains clustered into the GA3 genotype characterized previously. The antigenic analysis was carried out with a panel of anti‐G monoclonal antibodies that recognized conserved and strain‐specific epitopes. A close correlation between the antigenic and genetic relatedness of the strains analyzed was observed. J. Med. Virol. 71:305–312, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alignment of F0 model parameters with final and non-final accents in Argentinean Spanish

The goal of this study is to explore the association between tonal accents and fundamental frequency parameters obtained from the Fujisaki model in Buenos Aires Spanish. Results indicate that three-syllable words in final position which are stressed on the third syllable are associated with early peaks. In non-final word accents, late peaks are found for words stressed in the first and second syllables. Alignments were calculated for accent commands relative to the onset of both the accented syllable and its nucleus. Similarly to an earlier study on German, anchoring is supported in favor of tonal transitions than of F0 peaks, considering that alignment of onset and offset times of accent commands appear earlier for final than for non-final accents.
Systemic Discrimination as a Barrier for Immigrant Teachers

Using a theoretical framework provided by critical educational and postcolonial scholars, this article presents critical ethnographic research documenting the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in the process of immigrant teacher integration in the province of Manitoba. The author problematizes the assumption that successful integration is solely the responsibility of individual immigrants, and highlights the systemic discrimination that presents a major obstacle to immigrant teachers' inclusion in kindergarten through Grade-12 education systems. Findings suggest the need for systemic advocacy to challenge the myriad ways in which immigrant teachers' differences are constructed as deficiencies in schools and faculties of education.
The cell envelope‐associated protein, LytR, regulates the cysteine protease SpeB in Streptococcus pyogenes

Minami M, Ichikawa M, Ohta M, Hasegawa T. The cell envelope‐associated protein, LytR, regulates the cysteine protease SpeB in Streptococcus pyogenes. APMIS 2012; 120: 417–26.
Olfactory marker protein mRNA is found in axons of olfactory receptor neurons

The separation between the cell bodies of olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal cavity and their axon terminals in the olfactory bulb make them attractive for studying axonal transport. Although high molecular weight RNAs are generally believed to be excluded from axons of mature neurons, we demonstrate here that mRNA for olfactory marker protein (OMP), an abundant cytoplasmic protein selectively expressed in mature receptor cells, is present in rodent olfactory receptor axons. OMP RNA was detected by in situ hybridization at the light microscope level in axons and in terminals. By nuclease protection, the level of OMP RNA in the olfactory bulb was 5–10% of that in the olfactory epithelium where the cell bodies reside. In contrast to axonally transported vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs, which are deficient in their 3′ polyA tails, axonal OMP RNA fractionated as polyA+. OMP RNA was lost from axons and terminals after deafferentation, suggesting that OMP RNA was synthesized in receptor cell bodies in the epithelium and was transported into axons and terminals in the olfactory bulb. RNA for G(olf), a G-protein highly expressed in dendrites of mature olfactory receptor neurons, was not detected in the olfactory bulb. We hypothesize that the immature nature of the cytoskeleton and, specifically, the lack of tightly bundled microtubules allows transport of particular mRNAs in olfactory receptor axons.
On parallelism in turing machines

A model of parallel computation based on a generalization of nondeterminism in Turing machines is introduced. Complexity classes //T(n)-TIME, //L(n)-SPACE, //LOGSPACE, //PTIME, etc. are defined for these machines in a way analogous to T(n)-TIME, L(n)-SPACE, LOGSPACE, PTIME, etc. for deterministic machines. It is shown that, given appropriate honesty conditions, L(n)-SPACE ⊆ //L(n)2-TIME T(n)-TIME ⊆ //log T(n)-SPACE //L(n)-SPACE ⊆ exp L(n)-TIME //T(n)-TIME ⊆ T(n)2-SPACE thus ¿ ¿ //EXPTIME = EXPSPACE //PSPACE = EXPTIME //PTIME = PSPACE //LOGSPACE = PTIME ? = LOGSPACE That is, the deterministic hierarchy LOGSPACE ⊆ PTIME ⊆ PSPACE ⊆ EXPTIME ⊆ . shifts by exactly one level when parallelism is introduced. We give a natural characterization of the polynomial time hierarchy of Stockmeyer and Meyer in terms of parallel machines. Analogous space hierarchies are defined and explored, and a generalization of Saviten's result NONDET-L(n)-SPACE ⊆ L(n)2-SPACE is given. Parallel finite automata are defined, and it is shown that, although they accept only regular sets, in general 22k states are necessary and sufficient to simulate a k-state parallel finite automaton deterministically.
Hippocampal-dependent learning requires a functional circadian system

Decades of studies have shown that eliminating circadian rhythms of mammals does not compromise their health or longevity in the laboratory in any obvious way. These observations have raised questions about the functional significance of the mammalian circadian system, but have been difficult to address for lack of an appropriate animal model. Surgical ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and clock gene knockouts eliminate rhythms, but also damage adjacent brain regions or cause developmental effects that may impair cognitive or other physiological functions. We developed a method that avoids these problems and eliminates rhythms by noninvasive means in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). The present study evaluated cognitive function in arrhythmic animals by using a hippocampal-dependent learning task. Control hamsters exhibited normal circadian modulation of performance in a delayed novel-object recognition task. By contrast, arrhythmic animals could not discriminate a novel object from a familiar one only 20 or 60 min after training. Memory performance was not related to prior sleep history as sleep manipulations had no effect on performance. The GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazol restored learning without restoring circadian rhythms. We conclude that the circadian system is involved in memory function in a manner that is independent of sleep. Circadian influence on learning may be exerted via cyclic GABA output from the SCN to target sites involved in learning. Arrhythmic hamsters may have failed to perform this task because of chronic inhibitory signaling from the SCN that interfered with the plastic mechanisms that encode learning in the hippocampus.
The End of the Cold War: a Battle or Bridging Ground Between Rationalist and Ideational Approaches in International Relations?

Jeffrey Checkel, Ideas and International Political Change: Soviet/Russian Behavior and the End of the Cold War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997) Robert English, Russia and the Idea of the West: Gorbachev, Intellectuals, and the End of the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000) Jacques Lévesque, The Enigma of 1989: The USSR and the Liberation of Eastern Europe (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)
Eating disorders in women's prisons: an under-reported phenomenon?

Self-injury, and self-harm such as in eating disorders, are commonly found in closed institutions where residents or inmates have little sense of control over their lives, and where the most basic bodily functions may be closely scrutinized and regulated. These behaviors are used to express a sense of control, despair, and anger that inmates or residents have difficulty expressing. Although self-mutilation has been widely reported in male and female prison populations, the reports on eating disorders in prison are surprisingly scarce. These reports suggest an unreported high rate of eating disorders in a women's prison in the USA, with a disturbing number developing for the first time during incarceration. It is suggested that the extreme controlling nature of the prison environment, combined with the unusual relational nature of this prison community, induced the development of new eating disorders by means of a contagious process which served to provide inmates with a sense of control and power over their jailers. A critical factor seems to be that the American penal system appears to be more controlling and punitive than other penal systems in the developed world.
Self-Recording, Instructions, and Public Self-Graphing

This experiment systematically replicated a study by McKenzie and Rushall, who reported that a self-recording intervention enhanced swimming workout performance. In that study, anecdotal evidence suggested that reactive effects resulted at least partially from concomitant increases in coach prompting and praise. In the present study, young competitive swimmers self-recorded during 10-min sessions. Their coach observed but interacted with the swimmers only in a limited, scripted fashion. After a baseline condition in which negligible swimming occurred, instructions to perform, self-recording, and public self-graphing of self-recorded data were introduced in different conditions using a modified multiple-baseline (across-subjects) design. Instructions produced transient increases in swimming rates, whereas self-recording increased and maintained swimming above terminal rates in the instructions-only condition. The self-graphing condition produced no further rate increases but disrupted recording accuracy. The results suggest that direct reactive effects could have been present in McKenzie and Rushall's study and add to a body of literature indicating that reactivity can be independent of immediate social influences.
Event-related potentials and time course of the ‘other-race’ face classi¢cation advantage

Other-race faces are less accurately recognized than same race faces but classi¢ed faster by race. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we captured the brain temporal dynamics of face classi¢cation by race processing performed by 12 Caucasian participants. As expected, participants were faster to classify by race Asian than Caucasian faces. ERPs results identi¢ed the occurrence of the other-race face classi¢cation advantage at around 240ms, in a stage related to the processing of visual information at the semantic level. The elaboration of individual face structural representation, re£ected in the N170 face-sensitive component, was insu⁄cient to achieve this process. Altogether, these ¢ndings suggest that the lesser experience of other-race faces engender fewer semantic representations, which in turn accelerate their speed of processing. NeuroReport 15:905^910 c 2004 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.
Predicting the Recidivism of Mentally Disordered Firesetters

The psychiatric literature has asserted that arsonists are a particularly dangerous group of mentally disordered offenders with a high likelihood of setting further fires, yet the scant empirical data do not support that contention. We examined the postrelease firesetting, violent, and nonviolent recidivism of 208 male firesetters who had been admitted to a maximum security psychiatric hospital. In an average period of 7.8 years at risk, 16% set another fire, 31% committed a violent offense, 57% committed a nonviolent offense, and 66% exhibited some form of recidivism. In general, personal characteristics that predicted firesetting recidivism were quite different from those that predicted nonviolent outcome and very different from those that predicted violent recidivism.
Dimensions of meaning in the perception of natural settings and their relationship to aesthetic response

Abstract This research identified, through the use of pairwise similarity judgements and a repertory grid methodology, the dimensions of meaning individuals use in discriminating among natural settings, and the relationship of these dimensions to aesthetic response. Randomly selected photographic stimuli were presented to 52 subjects in an experimental setting, using a micro-computer to control presentation of stimuli and tasks. Five dimensions of meaning were identified, with subjects differentially weighting these dimensions in terms of their salience to aesthetic response. It is argued that although the collative properties of experimentally derived stimuli are important in modifying arousal levels (Berlyne, 1971), when investigating “environments” and not “stimuli”, the perceived meaning or ecological properties (Berlyne, 1971) are additional and important determinants of aesthetic response.
Disease-Specific Human Glycine Receptor α1 Subunit Causes Hyperekplexia Phenotype and Impaired Glycine- and GABAA-Receptor Transmission in Transgenic Mice

Hereditary hyperekplexia is caused by disinhibition of motoneurons resulting from mutations in the ionotropic receptor for the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine (GlyR). To study the pathomechanisms involvedin vivo, we generated and analyzed transgenic mice expressing the hyperekplexia-specific dominant mutant human GlyR α1 subunit 271Q. Tg271Q transgenic mice, in contrast to transgenic animals expressing a wild-type human α1subunit (tg271R), display a dramatic phenotype similar to spontaneous and engineered mouse mutations expressing reduced levels of GlyR. Electrophysiological analysis in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of tg271Q mice revealed a diminished GlyR transmission. Intriguingly, an even larger reduction was found for GABAA-receptor-mediated inhibitory transmission, indicating that the expression of this disease gene not only affects the glycinergic system but also leads to a drastic downregulation of the entire postsynaptic inhibition. Therefore, the transgenic mice generated here provide a new animal model of systemic receptor interaction to study inherited and acquired neuromotor deficiencies at different functional levels and to develop novel therapeutic concepts for these diseases.
Three-Arm AC Automatic Voltage Regulator

In this paper, a novel ac automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is proposed. This AVR is configured by an input inductor, an output filter, a small-capacitance dc capacitor, and a three-arm power converter. This three-arm power converter acts as an ac boost converter when the utility voltage is lower than the specified voltage. On the contrary, this three-arm power converter acts as an ac buck converter when the utility voltage is higher than the specified voltage. Hence, the output voltage of the AVR can be maintained at the specified voltage. The salient feature of this AVR is that the power electronic switches of only one arm are switched in high frequency, while those of the other arms are switched in low frequency. Hence, the switching loss of this AVR can be reduced. Moreover, the capacitance of the dc capacitor in the three-arm power converter is very small. Hence, the size and cost can be reduced, while the reliability and power efficiency can be increased. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed AVR. The experimental results verify that the proposed AVR has the desired performance.
Reply to Fairclough: Discourse and interpretation: conjectures and refutations

Language and Literature 1996 5 (1) 57-69 &copy; Addison Wesley Longman Ltd 1996 0963-9470/96/05106057/$03.50 Norman Fairclough and I disagree about a lot of things. That much is obvious. But let me begin my comments by acknowledging the importance of his contribution to our thinking about language and society. He has brought to our attention a whole range of issues about the dialectical interplay of language and social life, not as matters for detached academic debate but as immediately implicated in practical and political affairs. He has alerted us to how language can be exploited in the manipulation of opinion and the abuse of power. His work is impressive in scope and purpose. It is highly stimulating for those who share his views, highly provocative for those who do not, and is to be valued on both counts.
A novel narrow-band interference suppression scheme in GNSS receivers

This paper presents a novel design method for Modulated Lapped Biorthogonal Transform (MLBT) and develops the narrow-band interference suppression scheme based on it for GNSS receivers. The proposed design method not only satisfies Perfect Reconstruction (PR) condition of the transmitted signal, but also leads the prototype filter of MLBT's forward transform to be designed freely, so higher sidelobe attenuation can be achieved, e.g. 92dB. Simulation results show that performance of the new scheme is apparently better than the schemes based on MLT and Matviyenko-MLBT, and approaches the scheme based on overlapped and windowed DFT if the same transform length is assumed. Moreover, it has a lower computation complexity as compared with the scheme based on overlapped and windowed DFT.