Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CLASSIC: Bone Graft for Tibial Defects in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Twenty-four knees with bone grafts for tibial defects at the time of either primary or revision total knee arthroplasty were followed for three to six years. With 22 of 24 bone grafts, union and revascularization were seen and no clinical collapse was present. In two, nonunion occurred, accompanied by collapse in one. Failure was attributed to varus alignment of the leg in one (a medial condylar graft) and to insufficient preparation of the bony bed in the second (bleeding bone was not exposed). Evidence for incorporation of the grafts was obtained by tomogram, bone scan, and bone biopsy. Incorporation was present by six months, but the time to complete remodeling was not determined. A bone graft is recommended for tibial defect involving 50% or more of the bony support of either tibial plateau. A bone graft is indicated whenever a cement column under the prosthesis would measure more than 5 mm in height.
Twenty-five years of multifractals in fully developed turbulence: a tribute to Giovanni Paladin

The paper On the multifractal nature of fully developed turbulence and chaotic systems, by Benzi et al (1984 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 17 3521) has been a starting point of many investigations on the different faces of self-similarity and intermittency in turbulent phenomena. Since then, the multifractal model has become a useful tool for the study of small-scale turbulence, in particular for detailed predictions of different Eulerian and Lagrangian statistical properties. On the occasion of the 50th birthday of our unforgettable friend and colleague Giovanni Paladin (1958–1996), we review here the basic concepts and some applications of the multifractal model for turbulence.
School Nurses’ Experiences With Medication Administration

This article reports school nurses’ experiences with medication administration through qualitative analyses of a written survey and focus groups. From a random sample of 1,000 members of the National Association of School Nurses, 649 (64.9%) school nurses completed the survey. The quantitative data from the survey were presented previously. However, 470 respondents provided written comments on the survey. Comments on the eight items that had the most written comments were qualitatively analyzed. In addition, to clarify information obtained from the surveys, two focus groups with local school nurses were conducted. A constant comparative method of analysis was used, and results were combined from the two data sources. The combined analyses resulted in six final categories of concern: (a) delegation of medication administration, (b) comfort with delegation, (c) self-administration of medication, (d) medication administration errors, (e) storage of medication, and (f) administration policies. The findings suggest that school nurses across the country have similar concerns regarding the administration of medications in the school setting.
Physicians as ‘Organic Intellectuals’

Since the early 1980s, healthcare systems in welfare states have undergone a process of transformation, with the convergence towards different forms of managed care as one of its central characteristics. The process has also brought about changes within the medical profession. Most physicians, and some sociologists, understand the transformation as a process of deprofessionalization. This article presents an alternative explanation, understanding changes as a process of redistribution of power and resources within the profession, and as a change in the relationship between the medical profession and the hegemonic bloc.
Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in adult male guinea pigs after prenatal stress at different stages of gestation

Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that maternal stress during fetal development can lead to altered hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis function and behaviour postnatally. We have previously shown adult male guinea pigs that were born to mothers exposed to a stressor during the phase of rapid fetal brain growth (gestational days (GD) 50, 51 and 52; prenatal stress (PS)50) exhibit significantly increased basal plasma cortisol levels. In contrast, male guinea pig offspring whose mothers were exposed to stress later in gestation (GD60, 61 and 62; PS60) exhibited a significantly higher plasma cortisol response to activation of the HPA axis. In the present study, we hypothesized that the endocrine changes in HPA axis function observed in male guinea pig offspring would be reflected by altered molecular regulation of the HPA axis. Corticosteroid receptors in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary were measured, as well as corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenal enzymes in the paraventricular nucleus, pituitary and adrenal cortex, respectively, by in situ hybridization and Western blot. PS50 male offspring exhibited a significant reduction in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA (P <0.01) in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and significantly increased POMC mRNA (P <0.05) in the pituitary, consistent with the increase in basal HPA axis activity observed. In line with elevated activity of the HPA axis, both PS50 and PS60 male offspring exhibited significantly higher steroidogenic factor (SF)‐1 (P <0.001) and melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2‐R) mRNA (P <0.001) in the adrenal cortex. This study demonstrates that short periods of prenatal stress during critical windows of neuroendocrine development affect the expression of key regulators of HPA axis activity leading to the changes in endocrine function observed in prenatally stressed male offspring. Further, these changes are dependent on the timing of the maternal stressor, a pattern that is emerging in human studies.
Chaos to Control

As certainties dissolve, meanings around heterosexual relationships become increasingly puzzling. Recent changes in academic/media recognition of “what it means to be a man” exacerbate this predicament. Men’s magazines attempt to escape this disorder by offering individual men a shared sense of direction. The present study looks for evidence of this in six issues of For Him Magazine (FHM) and six issues of Loaded, using a form of qualitative research closely related to grounded theory. Along with the simultaneous construction of certainty and uncertainty around intimate relationships, the analysis reveals two themes: the “sexual mode of production” stresses the practices of management, rationalization, and science and “relationship utopia” envisages a fulfilling sex life for the reader via his accomplishment of intimacy. The study concludes that the magazines move readers from chaos to control by constructing a masculinization of intimacy, whereby intimacy is incorporated into a schema broadly consistent with traditional masculinities.
An Integrative Approach to Harm Reduction Psychotherapy: A Case of Problem Drinking Secondary to Depression

In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 9–24 (1998) © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CCC 1077-2413/98/010009-16 • Correspondence and requests for reprints should be sent to Andrew Tatarsky, PsychologicA, 31 West 11th Street, a6D, New York, NY 10011. IN SESSION: PSYCHOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 4/1:9–24, 1998 Although drug and alcohol abuse continues to be widespread in our society, traditional approaches to treatment have had limited success at engaging and retaining clients, and have shown poor outcomes overall. Harm reduction is a new approach to treating substance abuse that may be more acceptable and effective for this large clinical population. This article describes the harm reduction paradigm and the author’s use of harm reduction within a psychotherapeutic approach that integrates cognitive and behavioral interventions with a psychodynamic understanding of substance use as personally meaningful. The approach is illustrated by a case of a client who presented with alcohol abuse secondary to depression. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunization Histories Given by Adult Caregivers Accompanying Children 3-36 Months to the Emergency Department: Are Their Histories Valid for the Haemophilus influenzae B and Pneumococcal Vaccines?

Objective: To obtain immunization histories from adult caregivers accompanying children to the emergency department (ED), to determine the accuracy of the caregiver's report for the Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib)and 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7). Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of children age 3 to 36 months presenting to the Albert Einstein Medical Center ED during the period of November 1, 2004, through January 31, 2005. Caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire about their child's immunization status and if the child's vaccinations were up-to-date. Immunization records were obtained from the child's most recent primary care physician (PCP) to determine whether the caregiver's report was correct for PCV7 and Hib. Children were considered delayed if they were more than 30 days past due date for one or both vaccines according to the PCP records. Results: Of 205 PCP offices contacted, we were able to obtain 173 immunization records for our analysis. Examination of vaccine records showed that 109 (63.0%) of the 173 children were up-to-date on both immunizations. When the child's caregiver was asked if shots were up-to-date, 159 (91.9%) of 173 said that all shots were given, and only 14 (8.1%) of 173 reported being behind schedule. Of the adults reporting the child up to date, 105 (66.0%) of the 159 children were confirmed to be up-to-date. Thus, 34.0% of caregivers were incorrect in stating that their child's immunization status was up-to-date for both these vaccines. Conclusions: Caregiver report was determined to be inaccurate for Hib and PCV7. Despite 91.5% of caregivers stating that shots were up-to-date, only 66.0% were correct that their child was up-to-date with these 2 vaccines. The ED physician should use caution in making clinical decisions based on the history given by a caregiver regarding their child's immunization status.
College Student Motivation to Lead in Relation to Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Leadership Self-Efficacy

We investigated basic need satisfaction and leadership self-efficacy as psychological antecedents of college students’ motivation to lead (MTL), while controlling for individual differences by gender and academic class. Preliminary analyses revealed significant gender differences with males scoring higher than females on calculative MTL and classification differences with seniors scoring higher on affective-identity MTL compared to less advanced students in college. When these demographic differences were controlled for, need satisfaction for competence was significantly associated with all 3 types of MTL through the mediation effect of leadership self-efficacy. Need satisfaction for relatedness was significantly associated with social-normative MTL and calculative MTL.
Genetic and Demographic Correlates of Quality of Life after Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis

Objective: Patient satisfaction after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult to predict preoperatively and has never been investigated from a genetic perspective. Methods: Modified IBD quality of life (QOL) questionnaires were mailed to all UC-IPAA patients in our IBD Biobank. Genotyping was performed using a custom microarray containing 325 IBD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression with the Bonferroni correction were used for analysis. Results: Response rate was 69% (142 of 206 patients, mean pouch duration=10.1 ± 0.5years). Patients diagnosed at a younger age and with shorter time to colectomy reported poorer emotional wellbeing scores. Readmission post-colectomy was significantly associated with poor overall and emotional scores. On multivariate analysis, female gender and readmission were predictors of poor overall QOL. Poorer emotional wellbeing and systemic symptom scores were found in patients who had undergone colectomy urgently. Smoking history correlated with poor bowel and social scores. SNP rs2279627 associated with the immunoregulatory TNFSF14 gene and two POU5F1/OCT4 gene related SNPs, rs7837328 and rs7014346, were significantly associated with poorer emotional wellbeing scores. Rs2279627 was also significantly associated with poorer scores in the overall and bowel symptom categories. Conclusions: 1) Female gender, short
Culture or language: what drives effects of grammatical gender?

Abstract Although investigations of linguistic relativity originated in cultural anthropology, the role of culture in the interplay of language and cognition has rarely been addressed. The debate on whether the grammatical gender of nouns affects how people represent the entity denoted by the respective noun is a typical example of this. A common research strategy has been to compare the gender associations for non-animate entities as a function of their grammatical gender between two languages spoken in different cultural groups. In the study reported here, we try to disentangle linguistic and cultural effects on such gender associations, by focusing on members of one cultural group speaking two language variants that differ in whether or not they distinguish masculine and feminine gender. Participants were asked to assign a male or female voice to nouns from a broad range of semantic categories (animates, allegories and artefacts). Our findings indicate that the gender system does indeed have an impact on voice assignment. However, this grammatical effect is small compared to the variation induced by culturally conveyed associations within and across the semantic domains. In conclusion, we discuss some implications and guidelines for future research on how to control for culture as a problematic confound in cross-linguistic studies.
Social class and the comprehensive school

Drawing on the great wealth of knowledge and experience of educational practitioners and theorists, the volumes in The Sociology of Education set of the International Library of Sociology explore the very important relationship between education and society. These books became standard texts for actual and intending teachers. Drawing upon comparative material from Israel, France and Germany, titles in this set also discuss the key questions of girls' and special needs education, and the psychology of education.
Lack of Association with PEDF Met72Thr Variant in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in a Han Chinese Population

Purpose: To investigate whether Met72Thr (rs1136287), a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene, is associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a Han Chinese cohort. Methods: We genotyped Met72Thr (rs1136287) in persons of Han Chinese descent: 177 PCV patients, 131 nAMD patients, and 182 control persons. Genotyping was accomplished using the Multiplex SNaPshot system and by direct DNA sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies of patients and controls were evaluated for the SNP using PLINK software. Results: The minor allele frequency of the PEDF Met72Thr variant did not differ significantly between either PCV or nAMD and the control group: p = 0.3822 and p = 0.9822, respectively. The p-values for the additive, dominant, and recessive models were not statistically significant for PCV or nAMD. Conclusions: No evidence was found to support a role for the Met72Thr variant in susceptibility to either PCV or nAMD in a Han Chinese cohort.
The Causes and Consequences of Feminist Consciousness among Western European Women

Using data from the 1983 Euro-Barometer survey, this article examines the extent, determinants, and consequences of feminist consciousness among Western European women. The results indicate a surprising degree of feminist consciousness in Western Europe, with more than a third of women classified as feminists. The extent of feminism varies across countries, with nearly half of women in France and Italy but only a quarter of women in Britain classified as feminists. Age, education, religiosity, and ideology are the strongest predictors of feminism, although there is meaningful cross-national variation in the determinants of feminism. Finally, feminist consciousness is associated with more liberal positions on most political issues, particularly those that involve sympathy for the disadvantaged, and with the willingness to consider supporting a leftist party.
The Role of Leptin in Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors

Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental illness affecting millions of people worldwide. A greater proportion of people with schizophrenia tends to be overweight. Antipsychotic medications have been considered the primary risk factor for obesity in schizophrenia, although the mechanisms by which they increase weight and produce metabolic disturbances are unclear. Several lines of research indicate that leptin could be a good candidate involved in pathways linking antipsychotic treatment and weight gain. Leptin is a circulating hormone released by adipocytes in response to increased fat deposition to regulate body weight, acting through receptors in the hypothalamus. In this work, we reviewed preclinical, clinical, and genetic data in order to infer the potential role played by leptin in antipsychotic-induced weight gain considering two main hypotheses: (1) leptin is an epiphenomenon of weight gain; (2) leptin is a consequence of antipsychotic-induced “leptin-resistance status,” causing weight gain.
RETAINED WEALTH AND FAMILY FIRM IPO

Signaling plays an important role in communication between an IPO issuer and its investors. In this research, we investigated the effect of IPO signals in family firm IPOs. Our analyses suggest that family businesses are unique in the relationship between IPO signals and underpricing. Practices such as the appointment of non-family directors and partnering with prestigious underwriters significantly reduce underpricing. In addition, family owners’ intent to retain large percentage of share in the long run is an indication of original shareholders’ level of confidence in their own companies. Such confidence helps reduce after market investors’ uncertainty and thus underpricing.
Herpes simplex virus-2 in the genital mucosa: insights into the mucosal host response and vaccine development

Purpose of review Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is the predominant cause of genital herpes and has been implicated in HIV infection and transmission. Thus far, vaccines developed against HSV-2 have been clinically ineffective in preventing infection. This review aims to summarize the innate and adaptive immune responses against HSV-2 and examines the current status of vaccine development. Recent findings Both innate and adaptive immune responses are essential for an effective primary immune response and the generation of immunity. The innate response involves Toll-like receptors, natural killer cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and type I, II, and III interferons. The adaptive response requires a balance between CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells for optimal viral clearance. T-regulatory cells may be involved, although their exact function has yet to be determined. Current vaccine development involves the use of HSV-2 peptides or attenuated/replication-defective HSV-2 to generate adaptive anti-HSV-2 immune responses, however the generation of innate responses may also be an important consideration. Summary Although vaccine development has primarily focused on the adaptive response, arguments for innate involvement are emerging. A greater understanding of the innate and adaptive processes underlying the response to HSV-2 infection will provide the foundation for the development of an effective vaccine.
Using Film Text to Support Reluctant Writers

Abstract This article is the result of working with several schools concerned with improving achievement in boys’ writing. It begins by describing a range of effective teaching and learning strategies, observed in my role as a Literacy Consultant, which had a positive influence on writers especially boys. The article goes on to explore how a small group of boys, described by their teacher as ‘reluctant writers’, were encouraged by the use of film text to make the most of their preferences for action-driven narratives to improve story writing. It suggests that ‘slowing down’ this action in the author’s eye gives pupils, and boys in particular, an opportunity to consider detail to enhance composition in the same way that a film director uses camera angles to capture the viewer’s attention.
Curriculum Stagnation: The case of singing in the English National Curriculum

Singing is a cultural activity that is much approved of and one that has been consistently cultivated in all times and places. However, despite its statutory place in the English secondary school music curriculum, it has in practice a twilight existence and marginal role: teachers find it difficult to give it the significance that they frequently claim for it. This conundrum is examined by analysing the views of 40 secondary teachers. Building on the common sense ideas of the teachers, a case is made for singing as an intellectual tool and social force. The argument is developed in the context of the English national curriculum, which is currently concerned to induct pupils into principles of democracy and citizenship. But can such arguments inspire action? This is thought to be unlikely as possibilities for actual change in practice remain faint as a centralised curriculum and its inspection regime continues to inhibit teacher initiative and development.
When Trade Policy is Not Enough: Opportunities and Challenges for Chile's International Insertion

In the last decades Chile's relationship with the world has been driven by matters related to its economic policy. This article argues that Chile privileges trade relations over politics and neglects deeper relationships with neighbouring countries. While the erosion of the United States' influence has provided some opportunities for participation in regional political projects; a close examination of the country's foreign policy will show that there has been a consistent hegemony of economic over neighbourly interests enacted. This situation is strengthened by the strong presence of an economic elite who is influential in shaping national foreign policy. For the most part, the election of right-wing president Sebastián Piñera, has signified continuity with the previous policies of the centre-left governments. At the same time; this stability is nuanced–in particular in regards to the relationships with neighbouring states where some deterioration is evidenced.
Queer decisions? Gay male students’ university choices

This article examines the reported influences on the university choices of 17 gay male undergraduate students attending a UK institution. It is argued that this process is strongly mediated by, and, therefore, has to be considered in relation to, class. Data analysis provides insight into the factors gay students say are important in selecting universities, how (non‐hetero)sexuality intersects with and impacts upon this decision making, and the ways in which these choices map onto and differ from those of non‐gay students. The influences of participants’ sexuality on their university choices are most evident in selecting an institution requiring a migration away from heterosexist and homophobic home communities, and/or a migration towards locales expected to be supportive and accepting of alternate (i.e. non‐hetero)sexualities. Participants’ nuanced accounts of these journeys and geographies indicate their university choices to be reflexive and strategic processes which may (or may not) be queered.