Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership and the Nigerian Economy

The Nigerian economy is largely oil-based. Some people would rather say it is a mono-product economy. The economy has been in dire straits over the years, because of a combination of the neglect of education, especially technical and vocational education and science-based technology education, poor leadership and governance, corruption, as well as poor monetary and fiscal policies. All these have made a review of the poor investment in human capital development and infrastructure and institutions that drive the Nigerian economy and national development rather compelling. The political leaders have always raised the people’s hope by painting glowing pictures of their development plans and how they would stimulate the economy and improve the people’s living conditions. Thus, they swore that they would give priority attention to human capital development and national development, and empower the citizens, particularly the poorly educated, unskilled, and unemployed youths, with relevant human skills capital and entrepreneurial skills to enable them to contribute profoundly to national development. Yet the political leaders have, over the years, failed to adequately fund education and strengthen the infrastructure and institutions that would drive the economy and create employment for the teeming population. Both the new-breed politicians, like the old politicians before them, are promising to transform the nation into an industrialized society and the people cannot hold their expectations. The reality though is that Nigeria cannot become an industrialized society without investing abundantly in human capital development (education and health), leadership, and technological capabilities, which means investing in the future development of the nation.
Ethical Stances: the Perceptions of Accountancy and HR Specialists of Ethical Conundrums at Work

This paper explores how managers and professionals from two functional areas, finance and accountancy and human resource management, perceive, think about and act upon ethical conundrums at work. The study is based on 43 interviews in which respondents were asked to report on ethical issues and incidents they had experienced at work. A conceptual framework is presented which is used to analyse the critical incidents.
Design and Analysis of Varactor-Less Interpolative-Phase-Tuning Millimeter-Wave LC Oscillators with Multiphase Outputs

An interpolative-phase-tuning (IPT) technique is proposed to tune the frequency of millimeter-wave (MMW) LC-based ring oscillators without using varactor. As a key feature, the tradeoff between tank Q and tuning range of the proposed IPT oscillators is independent of the operation frequency, which makes the IPT technique suitable for applications at MMW frequencies. Moreover, the IPT oscillators can achieve larger frequency tuning range and much better phase accuracy over the tuning range as compared to the conventional gm-coupled LC oscillators for multiphase generation. Two IPT oscillator prototypes are designed and implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process. The first one operates at 50 GHz with eight output phases and measures phase noise of -103.7 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and -127.8 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, tuning range of 6.8%, and figure of merit (FOM) of 186.4 dB while occupying chip area of 0.36 mm2. The second prototype oscillates at 60 GHz with four output phases and measures phase noise of -95.5 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset, -120.6 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, tuning range of 9%, and FOM of 180.6 dB with chip area of 0.2 mm2.
A detailed geochemical study of island arc crust : the Talkeetna Arc section, south–central Alaska

Author Posting. © The Author, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Petrology 47 (2006): 1051-1093, doi:10.1093/petrology/egl002.
Antimnemonic effects of schemas in young and older adults

Schema-consistent material that is aligned with an individual’s knowledge and experience is typically more memorable than abstract material. This effect is often more extreme in older adults and schema use can alleviate age deficits in memory. In three experiments, young and older adults completed memory tasks where the availability of schematic information was manipulated. Specifying nonobvious relations between to-be-remembered word pairs paradoxically hindered memory (Experiment 1). Highlighting relations within mixed lists of related and unrelated word pairs had no effect on memory for those pairs (Experiment 2). This occurred even though related word pairs were recalled better than unrelated word pairs, particularly for older adults. Revealing a schematic context in a memory task with abstract image segments also hindered memory performance, particularly for older adults (Experiment 3). The data show that processing schematic information can come with costs that offset mnemonic benefits associated with schema-consistent stimuli.
The Boundaryless Career Experiences of Mobile Spouses in Dual-Earner Marriages

The boundaryless career experiences of spouses who accompany their partners in job-related relocations were examined with a heterogeneous sample of 414 spouses in dual-earner marriages. Results indicated that spouses experienced lateral interfirm mobility in terms of intrinsic job characteristics (e. g., job satisfaction, quality of work life) and downward mobility in terms of extrinsic job characteristics (e. g., pay, promotion opportunities). In addition, the quality of spouse reemployment was related to human capital variables, family power variables, role theory variables, and job search and social capital variables. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for theory and research on boundaryless careers and individual career development. Practical suggestions for career management are also provided.
Learning Outcomes and Students Learning English as a Second Language

In order to better understand the educational outcomes of English language learners enrolled in two distinct programs at this school, the researcher, a 4 th /5 th grade bilingual teacher, studied leading research in the field of bilingual education, administered and analyzed assessments and interviewed participants’ families as well as colleagues. The premise of the study was to compare literacy levels of two sample groups—six students who received instruction solely in English and six students who received instruction both in English and Spanish. All students were Latino, and Spanish was the predominate language spoken in their homes. Study findings revealed that, regarding English literacy, students receiving instruction only in English showed slightly higher text reading levels in English, but all students performed similarly on the English writing assessment. In Spanish literacy, the assessment data revealed that students receiving instruction in both English and Spanish maintained and/or developed higher literacy skills in their first language than students who received instruction only in English. (Note: Assessments focused on writing and reading as opposed to all four domains of literacy—reading, writing, speaking and listening.)
Comparison of geometrical models of cranial bone samples for the identification of an apparent elastic modulus

of an apparent elastic modulus F. Vandenbulcke*, K. Bruyere, C. Masson, R. Delille, D. Lesueur and P. Drazetic LAMIH University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UVHC-LAMIH CNRS-UMR 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France; Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France; IFSTTAR, LBMC, UMR_T9406, F-69675 Bron, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Aix-Marseille Université, IFSTTAR, LBA, F-13916 Marseille, France; Université de la Méditerranée-Aix-Marseille, LBA, F-13916 Marseille, France
Institute for International Integration Studies I Artistic Clusters and Modern Artists' Mobility -an Empirical Study Artistic Clusters and Modern Artists' Mobility -an Empirical Study Artistic Clusters and Modern Artists' Mobility -an Empirical Study

Disclaimer Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the IIIS. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may only be downloaded for personal use only. Abstract Based on a global sample of the 214 most prominent modern visual artists born between 1850-1945, this paper analyses the extent of mobility and the determinants of the decision to locate in the artistic clusters of Paris and New York. It is argued that the extent of mobility decreases over time and traveling is a complement to relocating permanently. Moreover, French and German artists move considerably less and American artists significantly more than their counterparts born elsewhere. A location choice model shows that the affiliation with an artistic style is a good pre-dictor for the likelihood of moving to a cluster. This can be explained by specialised human capital spillovers. For both clusters, short-term visits are a substitute for permanent relocation. Having received formal art training increases the likelihood of moving to New York, whereas the patronage system is an important relocation factor only in the case of Paris.
Handbook of Child Language Disorders

Part 1. Typology of Child Language Disorders. R.G. Schwartz, Specific Language Impairment. A. McDuffie, L. Abbeduto, Language Disorders in Children with Mental Retardation of Genetic Origin: Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Williams Syndrome. J. Gerenser, Language Disorders in Children with Autism. M. Cleary, Language Disorders in Children with Hearing Impairment. S.E. Shaywitz, J.R. Gruen, M. Mody, B.A. Shaywitz, Dyslexia. Part 2. Bases of Child Language Disorders. I. Botwinik-Rotem, N. Friedmann, Linguistic Bases of Child Language Disorders. B. Tropper, R.G. Schwartz, Neurobiology of Child Language Disorders. R.B. Gillam, J.W. Montgomery, S.L. Gillam, Attention and Memory in Child Language Disorders. J. Edwards, B. Munson, Speech Perception and Production in Child Language Disorders. J.B. Tomblin, Genetics of Child Language Disorders. M.F. Joanisse, Model-Based Approaches to Child Language Disorders. Part 3. Language Contexts of Child Language Disorders. E.D. Pena, L.M. Bedore, Bilingualism in Child Language Disorders. L.B. Leonard, Cross-Linguistic Studies of Child Language Disorders. J.A. Washington, Language Variation in Child Language Disorders. Part 4. Deficits, Assessment, and Intervention in Child Language Disorders. J.B. Oetting, P.A. Hadley, Morphosyntax in Child Language Disorders. K.K. McGregor, Semantics in Child Language Disorders. P. Fletcher, Syntax in Child Language Disorders. M. Fujiki, B. Brinton, Pragmatics and Social Communication in Child Language Disorders. P.E. Hook, C.W. Haynes, Reading and Writing in Child Language Disorders. J. Windsor, K. Kohnert, Processing Speed, Attention, and Perception in Child Language Disorders. Part 5: Research Methods in Child Language Disorders. L. Seiger-Gardner, Language Production Approaches to Child Language Disorders. P. Deevy, Language Comprehension Approaches to Child Language Disorders. M.E. Fey, L.H. Finestack, Research and Development in Child Language Intervention: A Five-Phase Model. V.L. Shafer, N.D. Maxfield, Neuroscience Approaches to Child Language Disorders.
Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Infections Among Young Heterosexual Male and Female STI Clinic Attendees

Background: Baseline genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence rates and associated risk factors per gender enable future assessment of the impact of vaccination on HPV dynamics. Methods: Before the start of national HPV vaccination for girls, data were collected cross-sectionally in nationwide Dutch sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinics among heterosexual males (n = 430) and females (n = 1136) aged 16 to 24 years. Self-collected vaginal or penile swabs were analyzed by a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (SPF10) and genotyped with line probe assay. Logistic regression was applied to estimate determinants of HPV prevalent infections. Results: HPV prevalence was 54% among males and 72% among females. High-risk (HR) HPV was present in males and females, 40% and 58%, respectively. Independent risk factors for HR-HPV infection were female gender, number of lifetime sex partners and a history of chlamydia or gonorrhea. In addition, not having a casual partner and consistent condom use were protective factors in women, but not in men. For low-risk (LR) HPV, the odds were smaller. Multiple HR-HPV and sexual risk behavior showed a stronger association compared with a single HR-HPV infection. Conclusions: Prevalence of HR-HPV is high in both genders. Infection with multiple HR-HPV types was more associated with high-risk sexual behavior than infection with LR-HPV types or a single HR-HPV type.
Collaborative testing

Research has demonstrated that collaborative testing, working on tests in groups, leads to improved test scores but the mechanism by which this occurs has not been specified. Three factors were proposed as mediators: cognitive processes, interpersonal interactions and reduced test-anxiety. Thirty-three students completed a multiple-choice exam individually and in two-person collaborative groups. Test anxiety was reduced but was not directly related to increased exam scores. Improved exam scores were directly related to three cognitive processes: remembering information better, an increased ability to think about the information being tested and having good discussions. Both direct and indirect paths between cognitive variables and enhanced test outcomes were found. Good interpersonal interactions were independently related to satisfaction with the collaborative process.
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and Sexual Behaviour among the Youths in South West Nigeria

The study investigated the relationship between the sexual behaviour and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the youths in South/West Nigeria. The study also investigated the different types of sexual behaviour and whether youths have the knowledge of key basic concept on HIV/AIDS. Using the descriptive research design, a total number of 1,420 undergraduates who correctly filled the self constructed questionnaire in four different universities in four different states of South West geographical zone of Nigeria were sampled. A self constructed questionnaire which was validated using face, content and construct method of validation was used. The instrument had a construct and a test retest reliability of 0.76 and 0.85 respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used in the inferential analysis while frequency counts and percentages were used in describing the knowledge and sexual behaviour of youths. The result of the analysis revealed that most respondents were sexually active and were engaged in high risk sex such as casual, same sex, multiple sex and sex in exchange for money or favour. It was clear that youths have very high knowledge of key basic concept on HIV/AIDS but many youths have misconceptions about the cure of AIDS. The study recommended that policies and programmes that can transform the sexual life of youths or reduce their risk behaviours should be put in place while prevention message should be consistent, clear and effective to counteract other unreliable sources of information.
Does Teaching Complex Sentences Have to Be Complicated? Lessons from Children's Online Writing.

This paper draws upon data from a research project, undertaken in 2 Year 6 classrooms during the 2006 World Cup, to analyse how children used complex sentence structures in their writing on a football web-log. The authors explore how the confluence of a temporary, popular, global event and an online forum for communication created a moment of linguistic empowerment where pupils began to use high-level forms of language, and the paper considers the implications of transience and interactivity for the teaching and learning of sentence grammar.
The effect of sexual hormone abnormalities on proximal femur bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients and the possible role of RANKL

Sexual hormone concentrations are commonly affected in chronic renal failure. The contribution of sex steroids to bone turnover regulation implies that sex steroid's dysfunction may be implicated in the emergence of renal osteodystrophy. This study was conducted to evaluate sex steroids and gonadotrophins in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to investigate their role in bone homeostasis in concert with other hormones and cytokines. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal femur and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (sRANKL), prolactin, total testosterone, estradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in serum samples in 42 patients, 21 men and 21 women, on maintenance HD therapy. Possible associations between clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, and BMD values were investigated. In male HD patients, the testosterone concentration declined significantly with aging, whereas the estradiol level increased with longer duration of HD. Concurrently, testosterone correlated negatively with sRANKL concentrations (r=−0.520, p=0.016). Luteinizing hormone levels in male patients demonstrated statistically significant negative correlations with BMD values of the proximal femur. In the entire cohort of patients, FSH and LH were negatively associated with absolute values of proximal femur BMD. Gonadotrophin and sexual hormone concentrations in HD patients are associated with bone mineral status and consequently their derangements appear to contribute to the development of bone composition abnormalities in different types of renal osteodystrophy. Furthermore, testosterone's association with sRANKL levels in male HD patients suggests that RANKL may mediate the effect of testosterone on bone metabolism in these patients.
A Two-handed Jaw-thrust Technique Is Superior to the One-handed “EC-clamp” Technique for Mask Ventilation in the Apneic Unconscious Person

Background:Mask ventilation is considered a “basic” skill for airway management. A one-handed “EC-clamp” technique is most often used after induction of anesthesia with a two-handed jaw-thrust technique reserved for difficult cases. Our aim was to directly compare both techniques with the primary outcome of air exchange in the lungs. Methods:Forty-two elective surgical patients were mask-ventilated after induction of anesthesia by using a one-handed “EC-clamp” technique and a two-handed jaw-thrust technique during pressure-control ventilation in randomized, crossover fashion. When unresponsive to a jaw thrust, expired tidal volumes were recorded from the expiratory limb of the anesthesia machine each for five consecutive breaths. Inadequate mask ventilation and dead-space ventilation were defined as an average tidal volume less than 4 ml/kg predicted body weight or less than 150 ml/breath, respectively. Differences in minute ventilation and tidal volume between techniques were assessed with the use of a mixed-effects model. Results:Patients were (mean ± SD) 56 ± 18 yr old with a body mass index of 30 ± 7.1 kg/m2. Minute ventilation was 6.32 ± 3.24 l/min with one hand and 7.95 ± 2.70 l/min with two hands. The tidal volume was 6.80 ± 3.10 ml/kg predicted body weight with one hand and 8.60 ± 2.31 ml/kg predicted body weight with two hands. Improvement with two hands was independent of the order used. Inadequate or dead-space ventilation occurred more frequently during use of the one-handed compared with the two-handed technique (14 vs. 5%; P = 0.013). Conclusion:A two-handed jaw-thrust mask technique improves upper airway patency as measured by greater tidal volumes during pressure-controlled ventilation than a one-handed “EC-clamp” technique in the unconscious apneic person.
Tone-Enhanced Generalized Character Posterior Probability (GCPP) for Cantonese LVCSR

Tone-enhanced, generalized character posterior probability (GCPP), a generalized form of posterior probability at subword (Chinese character) level, is proposed as a rescoring metric for improving Cantonese LVCSR performance. The search network is constructed first by converting the original word graph to a restructured word graph, then a character graph and finally, a character confusion network (CCN). Based upon GCPP enhanced with tone information, the character error rate (CER) is minimized or the GCPP product is maximized over a chosen graph. Experimental results show that the tone enhanced GCPP can improve character error rate by up to 15.1%, relatively
CONTRIBUTION A L'ANALYSE DES SITUATIONS D'ENSEIGNEMENT/APPRENTISSAGE D'INSTRUMENTS SÉMIOTIQUES DE COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE

A l'aide d'une modelisation psychologique des situations d'utilisation d'instruments de communication et de representatio n techniques, on s'interroge sur les difficultes que posent l'enseignement et l'apprentissa ge de trois graphismes techniques : le schema cinematique, le Grafcet et le dessin technique. Des situations deformation sont examinees en fonction des differentes interactions possibles dans les situations de communication de reference entre les sujets interlocuteurs, l'instrument semiotique ainsi que le referent et la tâche concernes. Des propositions cherchant a favoriser un enseignement centre sur la fonctionnalite et la generativite de l'instrument pour l'eleve sont formulees.
Use and misuse of control strains for genetically hypertensive rats.

THE article by Kurtz and Morris 1 in this issue of Hypertension raises important issues with regard to the use of genetically hypertensive rats. These issues are 1) the origins of various stocks, 2) the definition and maintenance of the integrity of various stocks of interest in hypertension research, and 3) the construction, appropriateness, and use of control strains for comparison with hypertensive strains. The article by Kurtz and Morris traces the tortured origin of the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) "strain" as a control for spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); clearly, the need for a control strain here was an afterthought and not all WKY are likely to be genetically identical. Their article illustrates the frustration of leaving unanswered the question of how to obtain genetic information from a hypertensive strain. The problems relating to control strains originate, in my view, from the unrealistic and inappropriate expectations imposed on a comparison of a hypertensive and control strain rather than from the undefined origins and possible genetic inappropriateness of controls. It is obvious from the literature on SHR that many investigators compare SHR and WKY for some biochemical or physiological trait (call it "trait X") and then conclude that the strain difference in trait X may be causally related to blood pressure differences. The problem is that, with this kind of information, the strain difference in trait X may be the result (rather than the cause) of strain differences in blood pressure, or strain differences in trait X may be due to genetic drift. Genetic drift is the chance selection and fixation of the contrasting genes controlling trait X in the two different strains. Strain differences arising from genetic drift have nothing to do with strain differences in blood pressure.