Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Respiratory tract hypersensitivity to Aspergillus species causing manifestations beyond asthma was first recognized by Hinson and colleagues in 1952. These investigators demonstrated colonization by the ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus in three subjects whose asthma had been complicated by recurrent pneumonic episodes, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. They suggested these complications were the result of hypersensitivity, and they coined the term (allergic) bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) to describe the disease syndrome. It was soon appreciated that ABPA occurred throughout the world, although areas with partivularly high atmospheric spore counts for Aspergillus fumigatus tended to exhibit higher prevalences of the disease. Thus, farming communities exposed to decomposing vegetation were found to be unduly vulnerable, as were populations subject to damp and cold winters—factors that are most suited to replication of the mold. Aspergillus species are nevertheless found in most environments inhabited by man, and most cases of ABPA are actually recognized in city dwellers simply because of the present-day popularity of urban living.
Experience of care.

Why can’t district nurses give appointment times? In the past couple of years, both of my parents and my husband have had to use district nursing services, in two different health authorities. While I have nothing but praise for the service itself in that all of the staff are friendly and efficient, it is extremely frustrating that they are unable to give an approximate time for their visits. Even if the patient is housebound, it causes unnecessary anxiety when they are expecting someone to visit and would like to plan their day. My mother was even concerned about going to the toilet in case she missed the knock on the door. My husband was advised to have a rest during the day, but he did not feel relaxed enough to do this as he was waiting for his treatment. I realise that emergencies happen, and that travelling around is unpredictable due to traffic conditions. But I find it difficult to believe that it is not possible to give a two-hour window: even Tesco can do this. I manage a home visiting service and am able to give appointment times; I therefore know that it is possible. I think the district nursing service could be improved, and patient satisfaction increased, if it could find a way of giving approximate visit times.
Unique n-Phone Ranking Based Spoken Language Identification

This paper presents a novel approach to phonetic-based language identification (LID). Motivated by the assumption underlying phonotactic LID that accounting for permissible phone sequences supports the process of distinguishing one language from another, this paper presents a novel approach based on the automatic identification of phone sequences of different lengths unique to a language, which are subsequently employed to determine which language has been spoken. The approach implements a discriminative training that involves a ranking procedure on unique phone sequences generated by a single-language phone recogniser. As a baseline system, phone recognition followed by language modelling (PRLM) is used to compare the performance of the proposed approach. Having 21 languages in the target set, the experiments show that the proposed approach achieves better accuracies. Moreover, it requires a 5.5 times shorter processing time than the baseline system.
Mechanically Extracted Company Signals and their Impact on Stock and Credit Markets

I analyze company news from Reuters with the 'General Inquirer' and relate measures of positive sentiment, negative sentiment and disagreement to abnormal stock returns, stock and option trading volume, the volatility spread and the CDS spread. I test hypotheses derived from market microstructure models. Consistent with these models, sentiment and disagreement are strongly related to trading volume. Moreover, sentiment and disagreement might be used to predict stock returns, trading volume and volatility. Trading strategies based on positive and negative sentiment are profitable if the transaction costs are moderate, indicating that stock markets are not fully efficient.
Left cheek bias for emotion perception, but not expression, is established in children aged 3–7 years

ABSTRACT As the left hemiface is controlled by the emotion-dominant right hemisphere, emotion is expressed asymmetrically. Portraits showing a model's left cheek consequently appear more emotive. Though the left cheek bias is well established in adults, it has not been investigated in children. To determine whether the left cheek biases for emotion perception and expression are present and/or develop between the ages of 3 and 7 years, 145 children (71 male, 74 female; M age = 65.49 months) completed two experimental tasks: one assessing biases in emotion perception, and the other assessing biases in emotion expression. Regression analysis confirmed that children aged 3–7 years find left cheek portraits happier than right cheek portraits, and age does not predict the magnitude of the bias. In contrast when asked to pose for a photo expressing happiness children did not show a left cheek bias, with logistic regression confirming that age did not predict posing orientations. These findings indicate that though the left cheek bias for emotion perception is established by age 3, a similar bias for emotion expression is not evident by age 7. This implies that tacit knowledge of the left cheek's greater expressivity is not innate but develops in later childhood/adolescence.
Gendered Facial Cues Influence Race Categorizations

Race and gender categories, although long presumed to be perceived independently, are inextricably tethered in social perception due in part to natural confounding of phenotypic cues. We predicted that target gender would affect race categorizations. Consistent with this hypothesis, feminine faces compelled White categorizations, and masculine faces compelled Asian or Black categorizations of racially ambiguous targets (Study 1), monoracial targets (Study 2), and real facial photographs (Study 3). The efficiency of judgments varied concomitantly. White categorizations were rendered more rapidly for feminine, relative to masculine faces, but the opposite was true for Asian and Black categorizations (Studies 1-3). Moreover, the effect of gender on categorization efficiency was compelled by racial phenotypicality for Black targets (Study 3). Finally, when targets’ race prototypicality was held constant, gender still influenced race categorizations (Study 4). These findings indicate that race categorizations are biased by presumably unrelated gender cues.
Working Adolescents: Implications for Counselors.

As growing numbers of high school stuEllen Greenberger, a University of Calif or dents join the work force/ educators and nia psychologist, felt that adolescents work parents must become more involved in asmore from greed than need; Jerald Bachman, sisting these adolescents to achieve an apresearcher, described a "premature affluence"; propriate balance between work and and Linda McNeil, education professor at academic demands. The U.S. Department of Rice stated that "school is clearly not the Labor estimated that in 1990, one third of 16center of their lives, the shopping mall is" to 17-year-olds and 14% of 14to 15-year(p. 54). olds had jobs (Salk, 1990). Talan (1990) As the numbers of working adolescents stated that about two thirds of U.S. high increase, a debate continues regarding school students work, with half of those the impact on academic success and other students putting in an average of 20 or personal-social areas. Proponents of the more hours per week. After-school jobs benefits of work argue that part-time jobs have become a major force in the life of help students to learn self-reliance, respon adolescents. sibuity, and adult realities (Rosemond, 1992). Reasons for the increase include the Some say that colleges look favorably on a demand for workers caused by the growth student's ability to handle school and work of service sector jobs, the rise of the fast(Salk, 1990). Others stress the important food industry, and the increase in the numrole that part-time jobs have in helping ber of girls entering the work force (Waldman students to make the transition from school & Springen, 1992). Another more tangible to work because work, which brings adoles reason is money. The pressure to keep up cents into contact with adults, contributes to with other working adolescents to buy the the maturation process (Worsnop, 1990). cars, clothes, electronics, and other items Working may actually contribute to school that are marketed directly to adolescents is success especially in students who perform tremendous. According to the research poorly or fail to see the relevance of school firm, Teen Research Unlimited, "teen" to future goals. Work-study programs are buying power is estimated at more than often identified as helping such students $95 billion (Waldman & Springen, 1992). by decreasing the demoralization effect As cited in Kantrowitz and Reese (1986), of failure in academic course work, in creasing self-esteem, and providing op portunities to practice skills that reinforce class work (Larsen & Shertzer, 1987). Part
Grading Aortic Stenosis With Mean Gradient and Aortic Valve Area: A Comparison Between Preoperative Transthoracic and Precardiopulmonary Bypass Transesophageal Echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that average precardiopulmonary bypass (pre-CPB) transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) mean gradient (PGm) and aortic valve area (AVA) values would be significantly different from preoperative transthoracic (TTE) values in the same patients and that these changes would affect pre-CPB TEE grading of aortic stenosis (AS). DESIGN Retrospective, observational design. SETTING Single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 92 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with or without coronary artery bypass grafting between 2000 and 2012 at Duke University Hospital and who had PGm and AVA values recorded in both pre-CPB TEE and preoperative TTE reporting databases. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PGm with pre-CPB TEE was lower by 6.6 mmHg (95% confidence interval, -4.0 to -9.3 mmHg; p<0.001), whereas AVA was higher by 0.10 cm(2) (95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.15 cm(2); p<0.001), compared with preoperative TTE values. When using PGm, pre-CPB TEE generated an AS severity 1 grade lower 39.1% of the time and revealed no difference 55.4% of the time compared to preoperative TTE. When using AVA by continuity, pre-CPB TEE generated an AS severity 1 grade lower 14.1% of the time and revealed no difference 81.5% of the time compared to preoperative TTE. When using either PGm or AVA, preoperative TTE exhibited moderate or severe AS for all study patients, whereas, pre-CPB TEE demonstrated mild AS in 5.4% (n = 92) of patients. CONCLUSIONS The authors confirmed their hypothesis that pre-CPB TEE generates different PGm and AVA values compared with preoperative TTE. These differences often underestimate AS severity. Hemodynamic standardizations or adjustments of pre-CPB TEE PGm and AVA values may be necessary in anesthetized patients before assigning an AS grade using these parameters.
The social thought of Émile Durkheim

Chapter 1. David Emile Durkheim, Life and Times Chapter 2. Moral Solidarity and the New Social Science: Durkheim's Study of the Individual in Society and Society in the Individual Chapter 3. Morality, Law, the State and Politics Chapter 4. Establishing a Social Science Chapter 5. Education as Social Science and Cultural Politics Chapter 6. The "Revelation" of Religion Chapter 7. Unfinished Business: La Morale, the Family, and the War Chapter 8. Further Readings
Making public things: how HCI design can express matters of concern

Science studies scholar Bruno Latour suggests that contemporary democracy is shifting from "matters of fact"to "matters of concern": contentious conditions entwined with everyday life. What is the role of human-computer interaction (HCI) design in this shift' In this paper we draw from five design projects to explore how design can express matters of concern by communicating the factors and consequences of issues. In the process, we consider the role of design in contributing to the formation of publics and discuss an emerging orientation to publics in HCI design.
Determinants of School Attainment of Boys and Girls in Turkey

This study investigates the determinants of school attainments of boys and girls in Turkey. Although high levels of enrollment have been achieved at the primary school level for both boys and girls in much of Turkey, substantial regional differences remain. In particular, in the Southeastern region, girls begin to drop out of school around the third grade. Only half of the primary school graduates register at the middle level. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of educational attainments at the primary, middle and high school levels. Attainments of boys and girls are examined separately so as to shed light on the cause for the significantly lower level of attainment for girls. Understanding the constraints causing the large gender gap in Turkish education and the covariates related to lower overall educational levels would be useful to policy makers and planners.
A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women

Sir. We read with interest the article published by Con Kelleher et al.' (Vol 104, December 1997). A number of different quality of life questionnaires are now available. They can be either general health questionnaires such as the Short Form 36 or they can be more disease specific and related to urinary continence such as the questionnaire presented by Kelleher et al. Other groups have also published incontinence disease-specific quality of life questionnaires? ". Some of these have also been tested for psychometric validity, reliability, internal consistency and stability2. We fully recognise the importance of such questionnaires because outcome is often determined by the surgeon performing the operation and is measured in terms of surgical success. Surgical success often has little to do with patient satisfaction especially where the complication rate of a procedure is high or the side effects of a treatment are numerous (eg, although 85-90% of women undergoing colposuspension are cured of their incontinence only 50% are cured and complication free'). Difficulty arises when different centres each develop their own questionnaire. The result is a large number of relatively small trials with no nationally agreed standardisation. If we are to make progress in the field of urogynaecological research we need an agreed method of standardising quality of life and other measures of outcome. A body, such as the International Continence Society, should be seen to lead the way in this important area.
Elution relationships to model affinity chromatography using a general rate model

Different mathematical models with different degrees of complexity have been proposed to model affinity chromatography. In this work, in particular, a general rate model has been studied that considers axial dispersion, external film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and kinetic effects investigating the influence in the simulations of two different relationships between the properties of the mobile phase and the affinity of different proteins to the ligand bound to the matrix. Two systems were used: Blue Sepharose and Protein A. With Blue Sepharose, an increasing linear salt gradient was used, and with Protein A, a decreasing semi‐linear pH gradient. The kinetic parameters obtained in each of the two elution (adsorption/desorption) relationships studied (a power law type and an exponential type) led to very good agreements between experimental and simulated elution curves of mixtures of proteins finding that for more symmetrical peaks, the preferred elution relationship should be the exponential one, in contrast to the more asymmetrical peaks which shapes are better simulated by the power law relationship. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking urban acute care hospitals: efficiency and quality perspectives.

BACKGROUND Over the last couple of decades, hospitals in the United States are facing pressures to maximize performance in terms of production efficiency and quality. An increasing emphasis on value-based purchasing on the part of third-party payers as well as the prevalence of pay for performance initiatives create an imperative for more accurate assessments of health care provider performance. PURPOSES The objectives of this study were to measure hospital performance in terms of both technical efficiency and quality using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models in urban acute care hospitals. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH In this observational cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 371 urban acute care hospitals, hospital performance was assessed using slack-based additive DEA models. The technical inputs included in the DEA models were total number of beds setup and staffed, nonphysician full-time equivalent staffing, and nonpayroll operating expenses. The technical outputs were adjusted patient days, total number of outpatient visits, and training full-time equivalent, obtained from the American Hospital Association 2008 database. The quality measures used for the quality of care dimension of performance were survival rates for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2008 data. FINDINGS Less than 20% of the sample hospitals were optimally performing for both quality and efficiency. Tobit regression analysis of the DEA scores found that public, small, teaching hospitals had higher DEA efficiency and quality scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS DEA is a promising tool for benchmarking both aspects of performance: efficiency and quality of hospitals. Because quality is a multidimensional construct, the choice of an appropriate composite quality measure has to be addressed in future research. However, incorporating quality into the DEA models would be a better reflection of the hospital product.
Effect of Climate Factors on the Childhood Pneumonia in Papua New Guinea: A Time-Series Analysis

This study aimed to assess the association between climate factors and the incidence of childhood pneumonia in Papua New Guinea quantitatively and to evaluate the variability of the effect size according to their geographic properties. The pneumonia incidence in children under five-year and meteorological factors were obtained from six areas, including monthly rainfall and the monthly average daily maximum temperatures during the period from 1997 to 2006 from national health surveillance data. A generalized linear model was applied to measure the effect size of local and regional climate factor. The pooled risk of pneumonia in children per every 10 mm increase of rainfall was 0.24% (95% confidence interval: −0.01%–0.50%), and risk per every 1 °C increase of the monthly mean of the maximum daily temperatures was 4.88% (95% CI: 1.57–8.30). Southern oscillation index and dipole mode index showed an overall negative effect on childhood pneumonia incidence, −0.57% and −4.30%, respectively, and the risk of pneumonia was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season (pooled effect: 12.08%). There was a variability in the relationship between climate factors and pneumonia which is assumed to reflect distribution of the determinants of and vulnerability to pneumonia in the community.
Balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation: A review

Since the initial report of balloon coarctation angioplasty in 1982, several workers used this technique in native coarctation and postoperative recoarctation. Immediate and intermediate‐term follow‐up results are generally good with a small chance for recoarctation and aneurysmal formation at the site of coarctation. The causes of recoarctation were identified and include age less than 1 year, isthmus hypoplasia, and a small coarcted aortic segment. Despite good immediate and follow‐up results, recommendations for use of balloon angioplasty as a treatment procedure of choice are clouded by the reports of development of aneurysms at the site of coarctation. We feel that balloon coarctation angioplasty is the treatment of choice in neonates and small infants, while general use of this technique in both native and postoperative coarctations in older children should await follow‐up results in larger numbers of children at selected centers.
Optimality Conditions for Problems over Symmetric Cones and a Simple Augmented Lagrangian Method

In this work we are interested in nonlinear symmetric cone problems (NSCPs), which contain as special cases nonlinear semidefinite programming, nonlinear second order cone programming and the classical nonlinear programming problems. We explore the possibility of reformulating NSCPs as common nonlinear programs (NLPs), with the aid of squared slack variables. Through this connection, we show how to obtain second order optimality conditions for NSCPs in an easy manner, thus bypassing a number of difficulties associated to the usual variational analytical approach. We then discuss several aspects of this connection. In particular, we show a "sharp" criterion for membership in a symmetric cone that also encodes rank information. Also, we discuss the possibility of importing convergence results from nonlinear programming to NSCPs, which we illustrate by discussing a simple augmented Lagrangian method for nonlinear symmetric cones. We show that, employing the slack variable approach, we can use the results for NLPs to prove convergence results, thus extending an earlier result by Sun, Sun and Zhang for nonlinear semidefinite programs under the strict complementarity assumption.
CDD: NCBI's conserved domain database

NCBI's CDD, the Conserved Domain Database, enters its 15th year as a public resource for the annotation of proteins with the location of conserved domain footprints. Going forward, we strive to improve the coverage and consistency of domain annotation provided by CDD. We maintain a live search system as well as an archive of pre-computed domain annotation for sequences tracked in NCBI's Entrez protein database, which can be retrieved for single sequences or in bulk. We also maintain import procedures so that CDD contains domain models and domain definitions provided by several collections available in the public domain, as well as those produced by an in-house curation effort. The curation effort aims at increasing coverage and providing finer-grained classifications of common protein domains, for which a wealth of functional and structural data has become available. CDD curation generates alignment models of representative sequence fragments, which are in agreement with domain boundaries as observed in protein 3D structure, and which model the structurally conserved cores of domain families as well as annotate conserved features. CDD can be accessed at http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih. gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml.
4D, N =1 Higher Spin Gauge Superfields and Quantized Twistors

For the gauge massless higher spin 4D, N = 1 off-shell supermultiplets previously developed, we provide evidence of a twistor-like oscillator realization that is intrinsically related to the superfield structure of the dynamical variables and gauge transformations. Gauge invariant field strengths and linearized Bianchi identities for these multiplets are worked out. It is further argued, inspired by earlier non- supersymmetric constructions due to Klishevich and Zinoviev, that a massive superspin-$s$ multiplet can be described as a gauge-invariant dynamical system involving massless multiplets of superspins s, s-1/2, . , 0. A gauge-invariant formulation for the massive gravitino multiplet is discussed in some detail.