Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of cognitive variables between learning oriented climate and physical activity intention

1 This research examined the mediating role of cognitive variables: self-regulation, 2 confidence-efficacy, attention-concentration, willingness to engage and use of strategies 3 between the learning environment and physical activity intention. The participants, age 12-18 4 years ( N = 944), completed the Cognitive Processes Questionnaire in Physical Education 5 (CPQPE) (Solmon & Lee, 1997), the learning orientation subscales from the Learning and 6 Performance Orientation in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ, 7 Papaioannou, 1994) and physical activity intention scale developed for this study. The results 8 of the factor analyses for the originally two learning-oriented subscales indicated the 9 existence of four-factor structure: teacher-initiated knowledge of performance improvement, 10 student’s satisfaction with teaching methods, student’s feelings about teachers satisfaction 11 with their learning and students wishes to make an effort and feel enjoyment. The path 12 model revealed that self-regulation and use of strategies were the most important mediators 13 between the perceived learning oriented climate and physical activity intention. 14 15
Political rescaling and metropolitan governance in cross-border regions: comparing the cross-border metropolitan areas of Lille and Luxembourg

In the last 20 years, the number of cross-border cooperation structures in Europe has exploded owing to political and financial support by the European Union aimed at encouraging cohesion and developing peripheral regions. These policies are part of processes of de-bordering and political rescaling that have profoundly affected cross-border areas by creating new institutional territories and political structures. The purpose of this paper is to study the institutional history of cross-border metropolitan governance in Europe through the comparison of two of the most advanced cross-border metropolitan regions: Lille and Luxembourg. This paper asks how these cross-border structures have developed and changed. What can their patterns of institutional evolution contribute to understanding governance in other cross-border regions? Are these new spaces evidence of political rescaling? This paper presents and redefines cross-border governance as a cyclical and a long-term process and also explores the challenges that these partnerships face in becoming functionally effective and autonomous policy actors. Ultimately, we find that there is no replicable ideal of cross-border governance and that even long-standing partnerships are in a period of exploration and reinvention. Establishing a competitive and coherent cross-border metropolitan region is ambitious and complex, and it necessitates the coordination of policies at multiple scales and across institutionally diverse territories. This project requires the modification and/or construction of new institutional and legal frameworks. This reorientation of political attention has resulted in a reconceptualization of political space but not the empowerment of new political actors, indicating that the process of rescaling may be a work in progress.
Investigating the Behavioral Indicators of Relational Commitment

Although the commitment literature has made good progress at explaining why people stay in or leave relationships, much of this literature does not address the daily behavioral aspects of relationship commitment. This article reports the results of two studies undertaken to more systematically investigate the behavioral indicators of commitment. The first study asked 248 people what things they do or say to show their commitment to their partners. Participants identified a total of 928 behaviors that were coded into 10 major categories of indicators of commitment: providing affection, providing support, maintaining integrity, sharing companionship, making effort to communicate, showing respect, creating a relational future, creating a positive relational atmosphere, working on relationship problems together, and expressing commitment. A second study with a new sample of 350 people was under- taken to explore the association between the use of these behavioral indicators and both structural and perceptual elements of the relationship. Results showed that there were significant differences in the use of behavioral indicators depending on relationship type and sex. Results also showed that the greater the use of specific behavioral indicators, the higher the levels of commitment and satisfaction.
Targeting breast and cervical cancer screening to elderly poor black women: who will participate? The Harlem Study Team.

BACKGROUND Factors associated with participation in breast and cervix cancer screening among elderly black women of low socioeconomic status were determined. METHODS Data from a baseline cross-sectional random survey were used together with data on whether screening was subsequently completed or refused. The subjects were a random sample of women attending an urban public hospital primary care clinic for routine medical care with a birth year of 1924 or earlier. RESULTS Among the 271 women in the study group, 70% completed screening. Stated intent was the strongest predictor of participation; women who intended to have both mammography and Pap testing were 2.7 times more likely to participate than those who intended to have neither test (95% confidence interval 1.4, 4.9; P < 0.01), controlling for age, insurance status, and level of chronic illness. Women who had more than three chronic illnesses were twice as likely to participate than those with three or fewer illnesses (95% confidence interval 1.1, 3.4 P < 0.02), controlling for the remaining variables. Other variables, including age, history of a recent screening examination, attitudes, or knowledge, were not related to participation. Stated intent was the only variable that predicted compliance with both mammography and Pap smear completion in separate regression models for the individual tests. CONCLUSION A high proportion of elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged black women will participate in cancer screening when it is offered in a primary care setting. Further research on behavioral intentions should be conducted to refine interventions designed to enhance the use of early cancer detection among vulnerable population groups.
Hip Strength as an Intrinsic Risk Factor for Lateral Ankle Sprains in Youth Soccer Players: A 3-Season Prospective Study

Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have emphasized the burden of lateral ankle sprains in youth soccer players. However, no prospective study has identified intrinsic physical and modifiable risk factors for these injuries in this particular population. Although injury prevention programs in soccer incorporate proximal hip and core stability exercises, it is striking that the relationship between impaired proximal hip function and ankle sprains has not yet been prospectively investigated in youth soccer players. Hypothesis: This prospective study aimed to examine whether hip muscle strength is a risk factor for sustaining a lateral ankle sprain in youth soccer players. We hypothesized that decreased hip muscle strength would predispose youth soccer players to an increased risk of lateral ankle sprains. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included a total of 133 male youth soccer players (age divisions U11-U17) for analysis. At the beginning of the season, anthropometric characteristics were collected and hip muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Injury registration was performed by the team medical staff during 3 consecutive seasons. A principal-component, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for sustaining a lateral ankle sprain. Results: Twelve participants (18% of all reported injuries) sustained a lateral ankle sprain (0.36 per 1000 athletic-exposure hours). After adjustment for body size dependencies and other hip muscle forces, an increase in hip muscle extension force was associated with a significant decrease in the hazard of the injury (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.9; P = .028). No other study variable could be identified as a risk factor for lateral ankle sprains. Conclusion: Reduced hip extension muscle strength is an independent risk factor for lateral ankle sprains in male youth soccer players. Other hip muscle strength outcomes were not identified as risk factors. Replication in larger samples with more injured cases is warranted to further ascertain the importance of this risk factor.
Gene cluster controlling conversion to alginate-overproducing phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: functional analysis in a heterologous host and role in the instability of mucoidy

Conversion to mucoidy, caused by the overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate in laboratory and cystic fibrosis strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can occur via frameshift or nonsense mutations in the second gene of the algU mucA mucB cluster. The first gene of the cluster, algU, encodes a putative alternative sigma factor required for algD transcription. The algD gene encodes a critical alginate biosynthetic enzyme and is invariably activated in mucoid P. aeruginosa cells. To investigate the function of the genes controlling conversion to mucoidy, the wild-type algU mucA mucB cluster from the standard genetic strain PAO1 was used to reconstitute algD transcription in Escherichia coli. Transcription of an algD-lacZ chromosomal fusion in E. coli was detected upon introduction of plasmid-borne algU mucA mucB. Moreover, insertional inactivation of either mucA or mucB resulted in further stimulation of transcriptional activity from the algD promoter. This activation was dependent on algU, since a double algU mucA mutation abrogated transcription of algD. These experiments suggest that the phenotypic manifestations of muc mutations, i.e., increased algD expression and mucoid phenotype, depend on the presence of an active algU gene and that this regulator and the factors encoded by the downstream genes interact. Further support for these conclusions came from the investigations of the mechanism of reversion to nonmucoidy in P. aeruginosa, a phenomenon frequently referred to as the instability of mucoid phenotype. Spontaneous nonmucoid derivatives of the mucoid strain PAO578 carrying the mucA22 mutation were examined for the presence of alterations within the algU mucA mucB locus. Point mutations which inactivated algU were detected in some, but not all, nonmucoid revertants. No reversion of the original mucA22 mutation (a deletion of one C) was observed in any of the investigated strains. This observation suggests that the process of conversion to nonmucoidy ban be explained, at least partially, by second-site suppressor mutations and that a fraction of such mutations occurs in algU.
Racially-focused peer victimization: prevalence, psychosocial impacts, and the influence of coping strategies

OBJECTIVE: The current study is the first to our knowledge to examine the prevalence, psychosocial impacts, and influence of coping strategies students employ when responding to racially focused peer victimization. METHOD: An online survey was administered as part of the Youth Voice Project to 13,177 students at their schools in 5 areas of the United States. The 3,305 participants (grades 5 through 12) who reported being victimized twice per month or more were included in the sample. RESULTS: Twelve percent of participants reported being targeted with a focus on race. Those who were victimized with a focus on race were 1.4 times more likely to report a severe emotional impact from the experience. When responding to racially focused peer victimization, utilizing specific coping strategies (i.e., planned to hit or fight them, told the person to stop, told an adult at school, and told an adult at home) were positively correlated with the severity of emotional impact. CONCLUSION: Our findings have important implications for prevention and intervention program development, which must highlight the particular damage caused by race-based peer victimization. A stronger focus on how teachers respond when they are aware of peer victimization is critical for the development of effective training programs for educators given that telling an adult was not helpful in the eyes of most youth. Language: en
Exploring the mismatch between mobile phone adoption and use through survey data from rural India and China

Persistent disciplinary and methodological divides between technology diffusion and adoption studies and the study of use and engagement with technology raise obstacles to understanding the development implications of mobile technology diffusion, for example in the area of healthcare access. As quantitative assessments in the area of health and technology almost exclusively rely on binary indicators of mobile phone adoption, it is not clear whether this is indeed a reasonable proxy that does not obscure the distributional implications of mobile phone use. This paper therefore compares patterns of mobile phone adoption and utilisation using original survey data from rural India and China. "Utilisation" here is assessed through a simple yet novel multidimensional index. The paper further assesses the role of these concepts as determinants of locally emerging forms of mobile-phone-aided healthcare-seeking behavior ("health action"). The investigation uses descriptive statistical analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis, which provide evidence in support of the claims that (a) patterns of mobile phone diffusion and utilisation are related yet incongruent, that (b) mobile phones facilitate health action in both field sites to a notable extent, and that (c) the mobile phone utilisation index is a better predictor for phone-aided health action than mobile phone adoption. In light of the superiority of the utilisation index vis-à-vis binary measures of mobile phone adoption, other researchers can apply the survey instrument and technology utilisation concept developed in this paper to support the analysis of the social implications of technology diffusion.
Acupuncture and Auricular Acupressure in Relieving Menopausal Hot Flashes of Bilaterally Ovariectomized Chinese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of acupuncture and auricular acupressure in relieving menopausal hot flashes of bilaterally ovariectomized Chinese women. Between May 2006 and March 2008, 46 bilaterally ovariectomized Chinese women were randomized into an acupuncture and auricular acupressure group (n = 21) and a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) group (Tibolone, n = 25). Each patient was given a standard daily log and was required to record the frequency and severity of hot flashes and side effects of the treatment felt daily, from 1 week before the treatment started to the fourth week after the treatment ended. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH and E2 were detected before and after the treatment. After the treatment and the follow-up, both the severity and frequency of hot flashes in the two groups were relieved significantly when compared with pre-treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the severity of hot flashes between them after treatment (P > 0.05), while after the follow-up, the severity of hot flashes in the HRT group was alleviated more. After the treatment and the follow-up, the frequency of menopausal hot flashes in the HRT group was reduced more (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of FSH decreased significantly and the levels of E2 increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05), and they changed more in the HRT group (P < 0.05). Acupuncture and auricular acupressure can be used as alternative treatments to relieve menopausal hot flashes for those bilaterally avariectomized women who are unable or unwilling to receive HRT.
The status of English in Dubai

A transition from Arabic to English as a lingua franca. The developing economies of the Gulf states have relied heavily on expatriate labor at all levels to support the spectacular development which has taken place over the last 50 years; so much so, that in most of the Emirates expatriates outnumber locals. Nowhere is this more true than in the UAE, and in Dubai in particular. This situation has had fundamental socio-linguistic implications, one of which is the emergence of English as a lingua franca at all levels of the society. As is the case in Singapore, where English has replaced Malay as the lingua franca over the last 50 years, English in Dubai is replacing Arabic. This paper discusses this situation in general and looks in particular at the language needs and attitudes towards English amongst government employees in the police force. It uses data collected as part of a needs analysis survey which was conducted to determine the learners' needs, expectations, aspirations, and feelings towards English language learning which can illuminate its role as a lingua franca in the UAE. The data was collected from regular commissioned and non-commissioned police officers and cadets enrolled in courses in Dubai Police Academy as well as on-duty police officers from various police departments, divisions, and sections in Dubai. The data is discussed in relation to wider socio-linguistic issues within the UAE.
Impoliteness and emotional arguments

Abstract After a few introductory remarks on recent impoliteness research, a preliminary definition of impoliteness/rudeness is given. Then the important role emotions play in relation to (im)politeness is briefly sketched, followed by descriptions of some connections between emotional arguments, fallacies and impoliteness. Emotional arguments need not be fallacious nor are they always formulated in impolite ways. However, certain fallacious subtypes of emotional arguments involving appeals to negative emotions tend to be formulated in an impolite way. Such arguments are called “destructive arguments” in this paper. A few case studies of spoken and written passages of argumentative discourse are used to support the hypothesis that certain subtypes of emotional arguments are likely to be destructive. It is also shown, however, that sometimes even fallacious arguments involving positive emotions, such as pity, can be formulated in an impolite way. Finally, it is demonstrated that in certain exceptional cases even rude and fallacious arguments are not (totally) destructive because they ultimately serve some vital interests of the opponent.
Addressing vulnerability amongst imprisoned juvenile offenders: An evaluation of the Access course

A number of initiatives within Her Majesty’s Prison Service have explored how best to support the needs of vulnerable young people. One such is the Access programme, which employs a combination of simple cognitive‐behavioural techniques and physical activity to build confidence and increase levels of coping. Results from the evaluation of three Access courses facilitated at Her Majesty’s Young Offender Institute Warren Hill, a UK institution for juvenile offenders, indicate a significant reduction in reports of bullying and fear of bullying, and significantly reduced levels of self‐injury and the desire to self‐injure. Psychometric measures of hopelessness, self‐esteem, locus of control and assertiveness were administered before, immediately after and six weeks after the course. Measures of hopelessness were reduced after the course, and reduced levels were maintained six weeks post‐intervention. Locus of control and self‐esteem scores rose by the end of the course and were maintained or increased six wee.
Facebook as a tool for learning purposes: Analysis of the determinants leading to improved students’ learning

The study described in this article aims to investigate the use of out-of-class communication between students and instructors using Facebook as a means of interaction for learning. How often/how much students use such an online social network and the clarification as to the reasons for online communication are the two exogenous variables used to measure the perceptions that students have about the impact of online social networking on their learning. How students perceive the quality of the content of student–instructor interaction on Facebook is treated as a mediating variable in the research model. How students perceive their performance is used as a proxy for their learning outcomes and is treated as the endogenous variable. A questionnaire was developed and used, and the analysis of the data gathered from the questionnaire was conducted using a measurement model and a structural model. The results of the study revealed that how often/how much students use an online social network and the reasons that they give for using online communication have a significant positive impact on how they perceive the quality of the content of student–instructor interaction on Facebook. In addition, the results demonstrated that the use of Facebook has a negative impact when it comes to the students’ perceptions of the quality of the content of student–instructor interaction on their perceived performance.
Association of bone mineral density and mammographic breast density in premenopausal and postmenopausal Malaysian women: Study on women with and without breast cancer

High mammographic breast density is an established risk factor for breast cancer whilst bone mineral density is a marker of estrogen cumulative exposure. This study was conducted to compare bone mineral density in Malaysian premenopausal and postmenopausal women; with and without breast cancer. Besides, it was to determine the relationship between bone mineral density and mammographic breast density in these groups. A cross-sectional study on 50 women above 40 years old who underwent mammogram and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was conducted at the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur for a year. Respondents were chosen using purposive sampling and women who had commenced cancer treatment were excluded from the study. The mean of selected characteristics were compared between groups using independent-t and Mann-Whitney U for continuous and categorical data respectively whilst Chi-square analysis was used to determine the association of bone mineral density and mammographic breast density. A total of 31 and 19 pre- and postmenopausal women respectively. Women with scattered fibroglandular breasts were the most affected by cancer, although, there was no statistical difference (p=0.298). There was no significant difference in women with contraceptive and/or hormone replacement therapy usage with breast density based on the classification of bone mineral density (p=0.214), cancer (p=0.344) and menstrual status (p=0.298). In conclusion, there was an adverse association between bone mineral density and mammographic breast density in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women; with and without breast cancer.