Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Posture on Exercise Performance: Measurement by Systolic Time Intervals

Because posture significantly influences cardiac performance, the effects of moderate supine and upright ergometer exercise were compared on the basis of proportional (+37%) rate increments over resting control. Supine exercise produced significant decreases in left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP), and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT). Ejection time index (ETI) and “corrected ejection time’ (LVETc) did not change significantly. Upright exercise produced greater decreases in PEP and LVET, but despite the rate increase there was no change in LVET, which resulted in sharp increases in ETI and LVETc. The discordant directional effects on LVET and its rate-correcting indices between the two postures were consistent with hemodynamic studies demonstrating lack of stroke volume change during supine exercise and increased stroke volume over control during light to moderate upright exercise. Concordant effects on PEP and IVCT are consistent with the inotropic effect of exercise in both postures with an additional Frank-Starling effect postulated during upright exercise.
Elevated Expression of the Serine-Arginine Protein Kinase 1 Gene in Ovarian Cancer and Its Role in Cisplatin Cytotoxicity In Vitro

Alternatively spliced variants of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been shown to be important for their tumorigenicity. In the present study we have tested whether serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), a major regulator of splicing factors, is involved in ovarian cancer progression and plays a role in chemo-sensitivity. By Western blot analyses, SRPK1 protein was found to be overexpressed in 4 out of 6 ovarian cancer cell lines as compared with an immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line; and in 55% of ovarian tumor samples as compared with non-neoplastic ovarian tissue samples. Reduction of SRPK1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) encoding small hairpin RNA in ovarian cancer cells led to (i) reduced cell proliferation rate, slower cell cycle progression and compromised anchorage-independent growth and migration ability in vitro, (ii) decreased level of phosphorylation of multiple serine-arginine proteins, and P44/42MAPK and AKT proteins, and (iii) enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin. Together, these results suggest that elevated SRPK1 expression may play a role in ovarian tumorigenesis and SRPK1 may be a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.
The Parametrized Complexity of Some Fundamental Problems in Coding Theory

The parametrized complexity of a number of fundamental problems in the theory of linear codes and integer lattices is explored. Concerning codes, the main results are that MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD DECODING and WEIGHT DISTRUBUTION are hard for the parametrized complexity class W[1]. The NP-completeness of these two problems was established by Berlekamp, McEliece, and van Tilborg in 1978 using by means of a reduction from THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATCHING. On the other hand, our proof of hardness for W[1] is based on a parametric polynomial-time transformation from PERFECT CODE in graphs. An immediate consequence of our results is that bounded-distance decoding is likely to be hard for binary linear codes. Concerning lattices, we address the THETA SERIES problem of determining for an integer lattice $\L$ %given by a set of generators, and a positive integer k whether there is a vector $x \in \L$ of Euclidean norm k. We prove here for the first time that THETA SERIES is NP-complete and show that it is also hard for W[1]. Furthermore, we prove that the NEAREST VECTOR problem for integer lattices is hard for W[1]. These problems are the counterparts of WEIGHT DISTRUBUTION and MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD DECODING for lattices. Relations between all these problems and combinatorial problems in graphs are discussed.
Predicting university students’ performance of a complex task: does task understanding moderate the influence of self-efficacy?

This study used a correlational design to examine the contribution of university students’ task understanding and self-efficacy to performance on a grade-bearing course assignment. Participants were 38 undergraduate students enrolled in a first-year elective course. Task understanding for explicit, implicit, and contextual task features was measured using a forced-choice task analyzer quiz and an adapted version of the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Schommer, 1990). Self-efficacy for explicit, implicit, and contextual task features was assessed on a self-efficacy for performance scale. Final grade on a major course assignment was used as a measure of task performance. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that task understanding significantly predicted task performance and task understanding moderated the influence of self-efficacy on task performance. Findings may help to bridge these disparate lines of research and provide support for Winne & Hadwin’s (1998) model of self-regulated learning. Practical implications for facilitating university students’ success in their academic tasks are discussed.
Identifying Fake Profiles in LinkedIn

Social networks have become an everyday tool in our lives and different social networks have different target groups. Among them LinkedIn is greatly preferred by the people who are in the professional occupations. With the rapid growth of social networks, people tend to misuse them for unethical and illegal conducts. Creation of a fake profile becomes such adversary effect which is difficult to identify without apt research. The current solutions that have been practically developed and theorized to solve this contention, primarily considered the characteristics and the social network ties of the user’s social profile. However, when it comes to LinkedIn such behavioral observations are highly restrictive in publicly available profile data for the users by the privacy policies. The limited publicly available profile data of LinkedIn makes it ineligible in applying the existing approaches in fake profile identification. Therefore, there is a need to conduct targeted research on identifying approaches for fake profile identification in LinkedIn. In this research, we identify the minimal set of profile data that are necessary for identifying fake profiles in LinkedIn and identify the appropriate data mining approach for such task. We demonstrate that with limited profile data our approach can identify the fake profile with 84% accuracy and only 2.44% false negative, which is comparable to the results obtained by other existing approaches based on the larger data set and more profile information.
Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell loss and circadian dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (Review)

Alzheimer's disease affects 27 million individuals and is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease is primarily due to the β-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. These deposits exist largely in the cerebral blood vessels, but have also been shown to exist in retinal vessels. A new class of cells that were recently identified, known as melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are involved in the non-image forming functions of the eye. These functions include circadian activities such as temperature rhythms, melatonin release and rest-activity cycles. Circadian dysfunction has been investigated in many cases of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we outline the current accepted Alzheimer's disease pathology, the role of mRCGs in optic neuropathies and the role of mRCGs, leading to circadian dysfunction, in Alzheimer's disease.
Intelligent machinery ( Written in 1947 . ) Universal Turing Machine

The development of superblocks has simulated the UNIVAC computer, and current trends suggest that the refinement of lambda calculus will soon emerge. Given the current status of event-driven configurations, scholars daringly desire the simulation of SMPs, which embodies the theoretical principles of cryptography. In order to realize this goal, we construct a methodology for the visualization of simulated annealing (Pisay), proving that IPv6 and web browsers are mostly incompatible.
Racialized Aggressions and Social Media on Campus

Using a phenomenological approach, rooted in critical theory’s desire to challenge systemic structures of inequality, we explored the impact of racialized hate encountered on social media by students of color at a predominately White institution. The encounters of racialized hostility manifested as anti-Black sentiments and produced racial battle fatigue, cultural paranoia, and student calls for antiracist interventions. These findings suggest that “racialized aggression” is an appropriate framework to interpret racialized online hostilities.
Prevention and Periodontal Treatment in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate which type of periodontal preventive and therapeutic approaches presents superior outcomes in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Studies reporting different methods of periodontal care from DS patients were considered eligible. Included clinical studies should indicate at least two periodontal parameters in different periods of assessment. Screening of the articles, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. Electronic search according to the PICO search, with both Key-words and MESH terms were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases until March 2016. Manual search was conducted in four journals, namely Journal of Periodontology, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontal Research and Special Care in Dentistry and their electronic databases were searched. Electronic and manual search resulted in 763 papers, and of them 744 were excluded after title/abstract assessment. The full text of 19 potentially eligible publications was screened and 9 studies met inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated the importance to introduce youngest DS patients in preventive programs, as well as participation of parents, caregivers or institutional attendants in supervising/performing oral hygiene. In studies with higher frequency of attendance, all age groups presented superior preventive and therapeutic results, irrespective of the therapeutic approach used (surgical/nonsurgical/periodontal care program). The important factors for reducing periodontal parameters were the frequency of the appointments and association with chlorhexidine/plaque disclosing agents as adjuvant treatment. This systematic review demonstrated that early introduction in periodontal care, participation of parents/caregivers/institutional attendants, frequency of attendance and association with chemical adjuvants (independently of the periodontal treatment adopted) seems to improve periodontal outcomes in preventive and periodontal treatment of DS patients. Registration number (Prospero): CRD42016038433.
Information and the Limits to Autocracy

Will the information technology revolution make autocratic regimes easier to overthrow? Probably not. I describe a game between one such regime and a large number of individuals. Individuals face a coordination problem: the more people act against the regime, the more likely it is to be overthrown and the greater the incentive for any individual to also act against it. Individual decisions are based on public and private information. The internet revolution, modeled as better private information, may make otherwise formidable regimes easier to overthrow. But knowing this, regimes engage in propaganda – they manipulate information. I characterize this manipulation and demonstrate that it may be used to more than offset the threat of new and relatively diffuse technologies like the internet. In particular, control of centralized technologies like television and radio provides a powerful tool with which autocratic regimes may shape beliefs and so ensure their survival.
Developing an Interpretation of Collective Beliefs in Language Teacher Cognition Research

Language teacher cognition research is understood as the investigation of “what language teachers think, know and believe” (Borg, 2006, p. 1) and, in most cases, how it relates to teachers’ classroom practices. The most common unit of analysis in this type of research is the individual (Borg, 2006). This work is normally informed by broader constructs of teacher knowledge in general, as opposed to the specialised knowledge of language teachers. One such construct is personal practical knowledge (Clandinin & Connelly, 1986; Golombok, 1998). Personal practical knowledge is understood to be experiential, situated and storied, embedded in daily classroom practices and constructed and reconstructed through personal narratives of life and classroom experiences. As such, it is usually seen as idiosyncratic. Most studies of personal practical knowledge, therefore, use the individual as the unit of analysis on the assumption that “each person’s knowledge cannot be codified across individuals without damaging important nuances of meaning” (Carter, 1990, p. 304).
Surviving Chytridiomycosis: Differential Anti-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Activity in Bacterial Isolates from Three Lowland Species of Atelopus

In the Neotropics, almost every species of the stream-dwelling harlequin toads (genus Atelopus) have experienced catastrophic declines. The persistence of lowland species of Atelopus could be explained by the lower growth rate of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) at temperatures above 25°C. We tested the complementary hypothesis that the toads' skin bacterial microbiota acts as a protective barrier against the pathogen, perhaps delaying or impeding the symptomatic phase of chytridiomycosis. We isolated 148 cultivable bacterial strains from three lowland Atelopus species and quantified the anti-Bd activity through antagonism assays. Twenty-six percent (38 strains representing 12 species) of the bacteria inhibited Bd growth and just two of them were shared among the toad species sampled in different localities. Interestingly, the strongest anti-Bd activity was measured in bacteria isolated from A. elegans, the only species that tested positive for the pathogen. The cutaneous bacterial microbiota is thus likely a fitness-enhancing trait that may (adaptation) or not (exaptation) have appeared because of natural selection mediated by chytridiomycosis. Our findings reveal bacterial strains for development of local probiotic treatments against chytridiomycosis and also shed light on the mechanisms behind the frog-bacteria-pathogen interaction.
Association of Oncogenic and Nononcogenic Human Papillomavirus With HIV Incidence

Objective:Little is known about the interaction between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV. This study aimed to explore the association of oncogenic (high risk) and nononcogenic (low risk) HPV with HIV incidence. Methods:We used 1683 urethral swabs collected at the last follow-up visit of a male circumcision trial conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa). Swabs analyses and HPV genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction. We estimated HIV adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using survival analysis. Background characteristics, male circumcision status, sexual behavior, HPV status, and other sexually transmitted infections were used as covariates. Results:The prevalence of HR and LR HPV was 14.0% (95% CI: 12.4 to 15.7) and 17.3% (95% CI: 15.6 to 19.2), respectively. When controlling for HR-HPV status, LR-HPV status was not associated with HIV incidence (aIRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.40 to 3.16; P = 0.82). When controlling for all covariates, HIV incidence increased significantly with HR-HPV positivity (aIRR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.83 to 7.73, P < 0.001) and with the number of HR-HPV genotypes (adjusted-P linear trend = 0.0074). Conclusions:Several explanations could account for our findings. One is that HR-HPV facilitates HIV acquisition. The association of HPV with HIV acquisition requires further investigations.
Life-Long Radar Tracking of Bumblebees

Insect pollinators such as bumblebees play a vital role in many ecosystems, so it is important to understand their foraging movements on a landscape scale. We used harmonic radar to record the natural foraging behaviour of Bombus terrestris audax workers over their entire foraging career. Every flight ever made outside the nest by four foragers was recorded. Our data reveal where the bees flew and how their behaviour changed with experience, at an unprecedented level of detail. We identified how each bee’s flights fit into two categories—which we named exploration and exploitation flights—examining the differences between the two types of flight and how their occurrence changed over the course of the bees’ foraging careers. Exploitation of learned resources takes place during efficient, straight trips, usually to a single foraging location, and is seldom combined with exploration of other areas. Exploration of the landscape typically occurs in the first few flights made by each bee, but our data show that further exploration flights can be made throughout the bee’s foraging career. Bees showed striking levels of variation in how they explored their environment, their fidelity to particular patches, ratio of exploration to exploitation, duration and frequency of their foraging bouts. One bee developed a straight route to a forage patch within four flights and followed this route exclusively for six days before abandoning it entirely for a closer location; this second location had not been visited since her first exploratory flight nine days prior. Another bee made only rare exploitation flights and continued to explore widely throughout its life; two other bees showed more frequent switches between exploration and exploitation. Our data shed light on the way bumblebees balance exploration of the environment with exploitation of resources and reveal extreme levels of variation between individuals.
Resveratrol Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Death via Inhibition of p70 S6 Kinase 1-Mediated Autophagy

Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol that can attenuate the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX), a powerful antibiotic widely used in cancer chemotherapy. However, the underlying protective mechanisms of resveratrol remain elusive. Here, we show that resveratrol inhibited DOX-induced autophagy and cardiomyocyte death, and autophagy suppression is an important mechanism that mediates the ability of resveratrol to protect against DOX cardiotoxicity. Indeed, resveratrol, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and a short hairpin RNA directed against autophagy gene beclin 1 (shBCN1) each was able to attenuate DOX-induced autophagy and cardiomyocyte death, but resveratrol did not provide additional protection in the presence of 3-MA or shBCN1. In contrast, up-regulation of autophagy by beclin 1 overexpression not only exacerbated DOX cardiotoxicity but also abolished the protective effects of resveratrol. Intriguingly, p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was activated by DOX, which was prevented by resveratrol. Knocking down S6K1 with small interfering RNA diminished DOX-induced autophagy and cardiotoxicity, but resveratrol failed to exert an additive effect. In addition, S6K1 overexpression impaired the ability of resveratrol to antagonize DOX-induced autophagy and cardiomyocyte death. Taken together, our data indicate that the protective effect of resveratrol against DOX cardiotoxicity largely depends on its ability to suppress DOX-induced autophagy via the inhibition of S6K1.
Delay Compensation using the Smith Predictor: A Brief Review with Numerical Examples

This paper discusses the using of the Smith Predictor for time delay compensation in control system. Time delay is a component that always reduces system stability, so it is important to compensate the effect of the delay for improving system stability. One of the mathematical models for capturing the structure of delay component in a control system is the Smith Predictor. This model not only beautifully captures the structure of delay component, but also gives an intuitive explanation about the compensation process.
A Robust Transformation-Based Learning Approach Using Ripple Down Rules for Part-Of-Speech Tagging

In this paper, we propose a new approach to construct a system of transformation rules for the Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging task. Our approach is based on an incremental knowledge acquisition method where rules are stored in an exception structure and new rules are only added to correct the errors of existing rules; thus allowing systematic control of the interaction between the rules. Experimental results on 13 languages show that our approach is fast in terms of training time and tagging speed. Furthermore, our approach obtains very competitive accuracy in comparison to state-of-the-art POS and morphological taggers.
A survey of advanced modulation formats for high-speed transmission

Optical fiber communication systems form the high speed transport infrastructure that enables global broadband data services and advanced Internet applications. The desire for higher speed and the drive for lower costs per end-to-end transmitted information bit have led to optically routed networks with high spectral efficiencies. In this paper, we discuss the intensity and phase modulated formats and highlight their resilience to key impairments found in optical communication systems as polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and fiber nonlinearity.
Negotiating the Field: New Observations on the Making of Police Officers

This paper draws on the findings of a longitudinal study of police socialisation to refine and expand on the Bourdieuian framework of police culture developed in Chan (1997). The research supports the conclusion that the socialisation of police is a more complex and contingent process, and recruits far more active and reflective, than previously assumed. In addition, the paper shows that the socialisation process has become more unpredictable as a result of the changing social and political context of policing. It is argued that a deeper understanding of the socialisation process must take into account the interaction between the occupational “habitus” and the changing “field” of policing.
TLR4 mutant mice are protected from renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease progression

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with persistent low‐grade inflammation and immunosuppression. In this study we tested the role of Toll‐like receptor 4, the main receptor for endotoxin (LPS), in a mouse model of renal fibrosis and in a model of progressive CKD that better resembles the human disease. C3HeJ (TLR4 mutant) mice have a missense point mutation in the TLR4 gene, rendering the receptor nonfunctional. In a model of renal fibrosis after folic acid injection, TLR4 mutant mice developed less interstititial fibrosis in comparison to wild‐type (WT) mice. Furthermore, 4 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy with continuous low‐dose angiotensin II infusion, C3HeOuJ (TLR4 WT) mice developed progressive CKD with albuminuria, increased serum levels of BUN and creatinine, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis, whereas TLR4 mutant mice were significantly protected from CKD progression. TLR4 WT mice also developed low‐grade systemic inflammation, splenocyte apoptosis and increased expression of the immune inhibitory receptor PD‐1 in the spleen, which were not observed in TLR4 mutant mice. In vitro, endotoxin (LPS) directly upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome expression in renal epithelial cells via TLR4. In summary, TLR4 contributes to renal fibrosis and CKD progression, at least in part, via inflammasome activation in renal epithelial cells, and may also participate in the dysregulated immune response that is associated with CKD.