Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deprivation state and temporal horizons in anticipatory contrast.

Anticipatory contrast was found to occur over a longer intersolution interval (ISI) when saccharin preceded sucrose than when sucrose preceded sucrose (Experiment 1), a result that was not due to differences in reward value or preference (Experiments 2a and 2b) or to differences in taste complexity of the initial substance (Experiment 3). Degree of deprivation affected the ISI function in the case of sucrose-sucrose pairings but not in the case of saccharin-sucrose pairings (Experiments 4a and 4b), suggesting that motivational processes, perhaps based on learning the caloric value of the initial substance in the daily sequence, modulate the ISI function
Genotype‐by‐environment interactions for cuticular hydrocarbon expression in Drosophila simulans

Genotype‐by‐environment interactions (G × Es) describe genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity. Recent interest in the role of these interactions in sexual selection has identified G × Es across a diverse range of species and sexual traits. Additionally, theoretical work predicts that G × Es in sexual traits could help to maintain genetic variation, but could also disrupt the reliability of these traits as signals of mate quality. However, empirical tests of these theoretical predictions are scarce. We reared iso‐female lines of Drosophila simulans across two axes of environmental variation (diet and temperature) in a fully factorial design and tested for G × Es in the expression of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), a multivariate sexual trait in this species. We find sex‐specific environmental, genetic and G × E effects on CHC expression, with G × Es for diet in both male and female CHC profile and a G × E for temperature in females. We also find some evidence for ecological crossover in these G × Es, and by quantifying variance components, genetic correlations and heritabilities, we show the potential for these G × Es to help maintain genetic variation and cause sexual signal unreliability in D. simulans CHC profiles.
The Effects of High-Energy Electrons on the Charging of Spacecraft Dielectrics

Results are presented of a laboratory investigation of discharges in spacecraft dielectrics using both a low-energy electron and a combined low- and high-energy electron environment. Comparison of the charging and discharge characteristics indicates that the presence of high-energy electrons in space will result in significantly different behavior from that predicted for low-energy electron simulations alone. For Kapton, fiberglass, and second-surface mirrors, the effect of the high-energy electrons is primarily to increase the conductivity, thus often limiting surface potentials to below discharge threshold values. Variation of the relative fluxes of low- and high-energy electrons can lead to discharge; however, the magnitude of the charge blowoff is significantly smaller (~1/20) than that observed upon exposure to low-energy electrons alone. Astroquartz, which for low-energy electron exposures exhibited no measurable charge blowoff, exhibited significant charge blowoff (Ip = 2 amp) upon exposure to a combined high- and low-energy electron environment.
The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies

There has been an explosion of research using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for investigating and modulating human cognitive and motor function in healthy populations. It has also been used in many studies seeking to improve deficits in disease populations. With the slew of studies reporting “promising results” for everything from motor recovery after stroke to boosting memory function, one could be easily seduced by the idea of tDCS being the next panacea for all neurological ills. However, huge variability exists in the reported effects of tDCS, with great variability in the effect sizes and even contradictory results reported. In this review, we consider the interindividual factors that may contribute to this variability. In particular, we discuss the importance of baseline neuronal state and features, anatomy, age and the inherent variability in the injured brain. We additionally consider how interindividual variability affects the results of motor-evoked potential (MEP) testing with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which, in turn, can lead to apparent variability in response to tDCS in motor studies.
Eco-Helping and Eco-Civic Engagement in the Public Workplace

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in the environmental performance and management of public organizations, relatively little is known about the steps individual public employees are taking at their own discretion to promote environmental sustainability and environmental stewardship in the workplace. This article examines public employees’ participation in eco-helping and eco-civic engagement in the workplace. Eco-helping occurs when employees encourage colleagues to perform pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace; eco-civic engagement refers to employees’ voluntary participation in the organization’s pro-environmental activities. The research objective is to identify motivational and attitudinal correlates of eco-helping and eco-civic engagement in the public workplace. Findings suggest that environmental concern and public service motivation (PSM) have positive relationships with both eco-helping and eco-civic engagement in the public workplace. Organizational commitment, however, is only positively associated with eco-civic engagement. The possible meaning of these findings for future research is discussed.
Making sense of life stories: the role of narrative perspective in perceiving hidden information about social identity

Does the narrative perspective people adopt when describing important life events convey any hidden information to audiences about their social identities? In this experiment, participants (who were either professional psychotherapists, or laypersons) formed impressions about, and judged the identities of narrators who described important identity-related life events (being Jewish, being gay, being infertile) from one of three different narrative perspectives (retrospective, experiencing and re-experiencing). Results showed that narrative perspective had a highly significant influence on impression formation and identity judgments even when the same events were described. Narrators using the retrospective perspective were generally judged to be better adjusted, more socially desirable and less anxious and dynamic than were narrators describing the same events from the experiencing or re-experiencing perspectives.
A New Christianity, But What Kind?

The article examines Philip Jenkins's popular thesis that "Southern Christianity" represents a conservative return to a pre-Tridentine Christendom. While acknowledging the importance of Jenkins's emphasis on the demographic shift of the Christian population from the "North" to the "South" and its vast implications for the church's mission, the article argues that the form of Christianity that is taking place in the so-called Third World, at least in Asian Roman Catholicism, is anything but a return to the pre-Tridentine Christianity. The various phenomena that Jenkins notes such as healing, prophecy, popular piety, and a literalist reading of the Bible, should be viewed within the new context of the church's commitment to renewal and mission in terms of liberation, interculturation, and interreligious dialogue.
Biochemical studies of pig xenoantigens detected by naturally occurring human antibodies and the galactose alpha(1-3)galactose reactive lectin.

The xenotransplantation of pig organs to humans is now receiving serious consideration because of the shortage of human donors for organ transplants. However, such xenografts would be hyperacutely rejected due to naturally occurring antibodies, present in all human sera, that react with pig antigens on the surface of endothelial cells, leading to complement fixation and the rapid onset of intravascular coagulation. A major target of these human natural antibodies is the terminal nonreducing disaccharide Gal alpha (1,3)Gal, and we now report on the array of molecules that are galactosylated by the alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase. Pig lymphocytes and endothelial cells (both of which bear Gal alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes) were surface iodinated and the 125I-labeled molecules were precipitated with either human antibodies or the lectin from Griffonia simplicifolia (IB4, which binds to Gal alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes). The precipitated molecules were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Five major groups of molecules were identified by one-dimensional SDS/PAGE (alpha 220 kDa, beta 160-180 kDa, gamma 120 kDa, delta 64 kDa, epsilon 40 kDa); the beta molecule was different in the 2 cell types (beta 1 of lymphocytes and beta 2 of endothelial cells). Two-dimensional SDS/PAGE analysis revealed that each of these groups of molecules resolved into further species of different charge (presumably due to different glycosylation) and also different molecular mass to give at least 20 different Gal alpha(1,3)Gal+ surface molecules. None of these molecules appeared to be present as disulfide-associated dimers. It is clear that there are many galactosylated molecules on the cell surface; indeed, using longer exposures of the autoradiographs, at least 40 different Gal alpha (1,3)Gal+ molecules could be identified. Several of these molecules are likely to have been identified by others, e.g., the 115-kDa, 125-kDa, and 135-kDa triad identified by Platt. Strategies to overcome hyperacute rejection could include modification or deletion of the alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, which would simultaneously delete all the Gal alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes on these molecules.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the bone

of LCH remains unknown. According to molecular study, LCH is not a disease of the epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of the myeloid dendritic cells with mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. The clinical signs and symptoms of LCH vary depending on the organs and extent of involvement. LCH is diagnosed based on pathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Histologic features are not predictive of the clinical outcome. Tumor cells are positive for CD1a and CD207 (langerin). Birbeck granules are demonstrated by electron microscopy.
Interactive Task Learning

This article presents a new research area called interactive task learning (ITL), in which an agent actively tries to learn not just how to perform a task better but the actual definition of a task through natural interaction with a human instructor while attempting to perform the task. The authors provide an analysis of desiderata for ITL systems, a review of related work, and a discussion of possible application areas for ITL systems.
Predicting fault prone modules by the Dempster-Shafer belief networks

This paper describes a novel methodology for predicting fault prone modules. The methodology is based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) belief networks. Our approach consists of three steps: first, building the D-S network by the induction algorithm; second, selecting the predictors (attributes) by the logistic procedure; third, feeding the predictors describing the modules of the current project into the inducted D-S network and identifying fault prone modules. We applied this methodology to a NASA dataset. The prediction accuracy of our methodology is higher than that achieved by logistic regression or discriminant analysis on the same dataset.
Alcohol, University Students, and Harm-Minimization Campaigns: “A Fine Line between a Good Night Out and a Nightmare”

Trends in alcohol consumption in Australia suggest that university and college students engage in heavy drinking. However, while media and policy representations of young drinkers are frequently negative, the academic literature suggests that young people are not unaware or unconcerned about the harms linked to alcohol use. In this study, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with six university students aged 18–21 years. We examined the concerns they raised about alcohol use, including their views on two harm-minimization campaigns that were distributed in Australia at the time of the study. Our data suggest that, although there are some significant contradictions in attitudes and views about what constitutes “harm” in relation to alcohol use, university students nonetheless do reflect on the risks associated with intoxication. Furthermore, we found that the messages embedded in the campaigns resonate with this cohort's concerns and fears about drinking, as well as their values and future ambitions.
p21Cip1 Gene Expression Is Modulated by Egr1

Epidemiological observations indicate that resveratrol, a natural antioxidant stilbene, exerts cardioprotective and chemopreventive effects. Moreover, the molecule induces in vitro cell growth inhibition and differentiation. Using human erythroleukemic K562 cells as model system, we demonstrated that resveratrol induces a remarkable γ-globin synthesis, the erythroid differentiation being linked to impairment of cell proliferation, increased p21Cip1 expression and inhibition of cdk2 activity. The up-regulation of p21Cip1 transcription is prevented by cycloheximide, indicating the requirement of intermediate protein(s), which, in turn, regulate gene expression. The quantitative analysis of some transcription factors involved in the erythroid lineage, namely GATA-1, GATA-2, and Egr1, indicated that resveratrol selectively up-regulates Egr1 by an Erk1/2-dependent mechanism. The presence of an Egr1 consensus sequence in the p21Cip1 promoter suggested the hypothesis that this transcription factor directly regulates the expression of the cdk inhibitor. Transfection studies with deleted gene promoter constructs, as well as EMSA, pull-down, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments substantiated this view, demonstrating that Egr1 binds in vitro and in vivo to the identified consensus sequence of the p21Cip1 promoter. Moreover, an Egr1 phosphorothioate antisense hinders p21Cip1 accumulation and the antiproliferative effects of resveratrol. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that Egr1 controls p21Cip1 expression by directly interacting with a specific sequence on its gene promoter. The identified regulatory mechanism also contributes to the clarification of the complex chemopreventive and antiproliferative properties of resveratrol.
The personal and the political: notes on teachers’ vocations and values

This paper examines teachers’ sense of vocation and their values at the outset and in the middle of their careers, through reference to three small research projects and to the continuing tradition of research into teachers’ narrative accounts and interpretations of their values in relation to their work. Each of the projects worked with teachers who had an interest in values and spirituality. By enquiring into their reasons for starting and remaining in the teaching profession, the projects explore teachers’ changing values in tension with some of the dominant values of the education system. It is suggested that some teachers deal with the tension by moving from relatively private vocation‐based values, to values that embrace more public concepts of professionalism, and that their narratives are highly valuable for the profession and for policy‐makers.
Interpretation of Fables and Proverbs by African Americans With and Without Aphasia

There is a paucity of performance information for African American adults with aphasia on appraisal tasks, especially in comparison with performance by neurologically normal African American adults. We administered language impairment, functional communication, and discourse measures to neurologically normal African American adults and African American adults with aphasia. The neurologically normal group performed significantly better on the language impairment measure (Western Aphasia Battery), the functional communication measure (ASHA Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults), providing the lesson in a fable discourse task, and spontaneous interpretation of proverbs. No significant differences between groups were observed on a picture description fable task or in performance on a multiple-choice proverb task. Few significant relationships were observed among measures in the neurologically normal group; however, the group with aphasia displayed a variety of significant relationships in t.
Morphing using curves and shape interpolation techniques

This paper presents solutions to the feature correspondence and feature interpolation problems in image morphing. The user specifies the correspondence between the source and the target images by drawing input curves on the features of the objects. The correspondence between these curves at the finest level (pixel level) is computed by optimizing a cost function. Based on this correspondence, the input curves are approximated by using Bezier curves. We represent the Bezier curves and the connections among them by using a "dependency graph". Feature interpolation is performed by interpolating the dependency graphs using the edge-angle blending technique. We also propose methods for controlling the transition rates of the shape and the color. We implemented the proposed algorithms in our morphing system which is based on the field morphing technique. From experimental results, our algorithms can generate a smooth morphing animation even when the objects in the source and the target images have different orientations. Also, the user's workload is reduced because the system includes an automatic feature correspondence computation.
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationship between Size and Performance: The Productivity and Efficiency of Organizations and Their Subunits.

The authors thank Lawrence W. Foster for his collaboration and Michael K. Moch for his comments on earlier drafts of this paper. We also thank the Associate Editor and ASQ reviewers for their helpful guidance, and Sarah B. Dornbos for her diligent assistance. This paper presents a meta-analysis of 31 published field studies of the size-performance relationship. The metaanalysis indicates that the relationship between subunit size and performance differs from the relationship between organizational size and performance. Specifically, subunit size and subunit perfomance are nonsignificantly or negatively related, depending on the operationalization used to measure subunit performance. These results appear to be modestly consistent with free-rider and process-loss models of group behavior. However, organizational size and organizational productivity, defined as performance measured in absolute (nonratio) terms, are positively related to each other in contrast to review findings to date. Additionally, organizational size and organizational efficiency, defined as performance measured in relative (output-input) terms, are shown to exhibit no positive relationship to each other, casting doubt on the existence of a positive net relationship between organizational size and economies of scale. *
A study of Greek teachers’ satisfaction with the implementation of the European Pedagogical ICT License pilot course

The survey presented in this study examines Greek teachers’ satisfaction with the implementation of the European Pedagogical Information and Communication Technology License (EPICT) pilot course. A total of 51 primary and secondary education teachers participated in the study that followed the pilot course concerning the integration of ICT in the educational process. A questionnaire was used to identify the significant differences that existed in teachers’ satisfaction with several features of the training process. The results demonstrated that course content, facilitators’ support, and collaboration among facilitators and teachers and among teachers themselves had a positive impact on teachers’ satisfaction. The study concludes with some implications for improving the effectiveness of the EPICT course.
Tranquil interaction: exploring archaic culture in the Kylä installation

A group of people walks into a dark room. On the walls there are photographs of peasant life in Viena Carelia, taken in 1894. One of the people is carrying a candle in her hand. The flickering flame is the only source of light in the space. As she nears the first picture, a lullaby begins. After a while the group moves to the next picture. As they move the song changes by itself. This is Kylä --- an interactive installation that presents photographs and folk music from the 19th century Viena Carelia. The aim of the installation was to design a space that could create a rich experience of an archaic culture for the visitors. The installation is computer driven with novel candle-based interaction. This paper describes the design issues involved, two deployments of the installation, and how visitors have reacted to the system in the two contexts. Finally we elaborate on the style of the interaction--tranquil interaction.
Effect of Nitrous Oxide Use on Long-term Neurologic and Neuropsychological Outcome in Patients Who Received Temporary Proximal Artery Occlusion during Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping Surgery

Background:The authors explored the relationship between nitrous oxide use and neurologic and neuropsychological outcome in a population of patients likely to experience intraoperative cerebral ischemia: those who had temporary cerebral arterial occlusion during aneurysm clipping surgery. Methods:A post hoc analysis of a subset of the data from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial was conducted. Only subjects who had temporary arterial occlusion during surgery were included in the analysis. Metrics of short-term and long-term (i.e., 3 months after surgery) outcome were evaluated via both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. An odds ratio (OR) greater than 1.0 denotes a worse outcome in patients receiving nitrous oxide. Results:The authors evaluated 441 patients, of which 199 received nitrous oxide. Patients receiving nitrous oxide had a greater risk of delayed ischemic neurologic deficits (i.e., the clinical manifestation of vasospasm) (OR, 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.95; P = 0.025). However, at 3 months after surgery, there was no difference in any metric of gross neurologic outcome: Glasgow Outcome Score (OR, 0.67; CI, 0.44–1.03; P = 0.065), Rankin Score (OR, 0.74; CI, 0.47–1.16; P = 0.192), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 1.02; CI, 0.66–1.56; P = 0.937), or Barthel Index (OR, 0.69; CI, 0.38–1.25; P = 0.22). The risk of impairment on at least one test of neuropsychological function was reduced in those who received nitrous oxide (OR, 0.56; CI, 0.36–0.89; P = 0.013). Conclusion:In this patient population, use of nitrous oxide was associated with an increased risk for the development of delayed ischemic neurologic deficits; however, there was no evidence of detriment to long-term gross neurologic or neuropsychological outcome.
Validation of depression and anxiety measures in white and black youths : Multitrait-multimethod analyses

The authors obtained yearly self-report, peer nomination, and teacher rating assessments of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and social acceptance on 2 cohorts of African American (ns = 139 and 184) and Caucasian school children (ns = 328 and 339), yielding a total of 6 waves of data between 3rd and 8th grade. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the measures manifested significant convergent and discriminant validity in both groups. Multigroup analyses further demonstrated that the measures were equally valid across ethnic groups. Peer nomination measures of depression and anxiety symptoms were biased, however, leading to the underestimation of psychopathology in African American children and adolescents. Allowing for this bias, the authors discovered that African American children evinced more signs of depression and anxiety in Grades 3, 4, and 5 than did Caucasian children. Such differences were not significant in Grades 6, 7, and 8. No ethnic group differences emerged on the social acceptance dimension.