Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Green Wireless Communication Systems With Imperfect CSI and Data Outage

Modern applications involve green communication technologies motivating well optimization in the power-limited regime. In comparison with most of the existing related work that assumes perfect channel state information (CSI) is always available, which is unfortunately not true in reality, this paper focuses on an optimal energy-efficient solution for resource allocation in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access networks in the presence of imperfect CSI and data outage conditions. In particular, in view that wireless channel conditions, circuit power consumptions, and users' quality-of-service (QoS) requirements are heterogeneous in nature, we enable attractive tuning options by letting energy efficiency optimization objective to assign weights to each allocation link. In addition, we interpret the effects of data outage due to imperfect CSI using a profound insight on the monotonicity of noncentral chi-squared inverse distribution function, which reveals that our design complies with expected physics and mechanics of conventional energy efficiency approach and that it can be successfully degenerated to the energy-efficiency model with perfect CSI. Furthermore, we formulate a mixed combinatorial problem toward maximizing the energy efficiency subject to a minimum QoS requirement, channel interference, and transmitting power constraints. The problem is transformed into an equivalent quasi-concave problem with respect to power, and concave problem with respect to the subcarrier indexing coefficients using the concept of subcarrier time sharing. We optimize through a simple and versatile methodology, which uses standard-Lagrangian optimization technique to obtain joint dynamic subcarrier and adaptive power allocations by means of final formulas. We also examine key properties of the introduced optimal solution in terms of implementation convergence and complexity, level of optimality, and impact of imperfect CSI coefficients and circuit power on network performance. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our allocation scheme for achieving higher energy efficiency performance with the guaranteed QoS support and lower complexity than the existing approaches especially when perfect CSI is not available.
Muon–fluorine entanglement in fluoropolymers

We present the results of muon spin relaxation measurements on the fluoropolymers polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF). Entanglement between the muon spin and the spins of the fluorine nuclei in the polymers allows us to identify the different muon stopping states that occur in each of these materials and provides a method of probing the local environment of the muon and the dynamics of the polymer chains.
Testing the Effect of Morphological Disambiguation in Dependency Parsing of Basque

This paper presents a set of experiments performed on parsing Basque, a morphologically rich and agglutinative language, studying the effect of using the morphological analyzer for Basque together with the morphological disambiguation module, in contrast to using the gold standard tags taken from the treebank. The objective is to obtain a first estimate of the effect of errors in morphological analysis and disambiguation on the parsers. We tested two freely available and state of the art dependency parser generators, MaltParser, and MST, which represent the two dominant approaches in data-driven dependency parsing.
Automating Fast and Secure Translations from Type-I to Type-III Pairing Schemes

Pairing-based cryptography has exploded over the last decade, as this algebraic setting offers good functionality and efficiency. However, there is a huge security gap between how schemes are usually analyzed in the academic literature and how they are typically implemented. The issue at play is that there exist multiple types of pairings: Type-I called "symmetric" is typically how schemes are presented and proven secure in the literature, because it is simpler and the complexity assumptions can be weaker; however, Type-III called "asymmetric" is typically the most efficient choice for an implementation in terms of bandwidth and computation time. There are two main complexities when moving from one pairing type to another. First, the change in algebraic setting invalidates the original security proof. Second, there are usually multiple (possibly thousands) of ways to translate from a Type-I to a Type-III scheme, and the "best" translation may depend on the application. Our contribution is the design, development and evaluation of a new software tool, AutoGroup+, that automatically translates from Type-I to Type-III pairings. The output of AutoGroup+ is: (1) "secure" provided the input is "secure" and (2) optimal based on the user's efficiency constraints (excluding software and run-time errors). Prior automation work for pairings was either not guaranteed to be secure or only partially automated and impractically slow. This work addresses the pairing security gap by realizing a fast and secure translation tool.
Symmetric Hamilton Cycle Decompositions of Complete Multigraphs

Abstract Let n ≥ 3 and ⋋ ≥ 1 be integers. Let ⋋Kn denote the complete multigraph with edge-multiplicity ⋋. In this paper, we show that there exists a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of ⋋K2m for all even ⋋ ≥ 2 and m ≥ 2. Also we show that there exists a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of ⋋K2m − F for all odd ⋋ ≥ 3 and m ≥ 2. In fact, our results together with the earlier results (by Walecki and Brualdi and Schroeder) completely settle the existence of symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition of ⋋Kn (respectively, ⋋Kn − F, where F is a 1-factor of ⋋Kn) which exist if and only if ⋋(n − 1) is even (respectively, ⋋(n − 1) is odd), except the non-existence cases n ≡ 0 or 6 (mod 8) when ⋋ = 1
Integrating Understandability in the Evaluation of Consumer Health Search Engines

In this paper we propose a method that integrates the no- tion of understandability, as a factor of document relevance, into the evaluation of information retrieval systems for con- sumer health search. We consider the gain-discount evaluation framework (RBP, nDCG, ERR) and propose two understandability-based variants (uRBP) of rank biased precision, characterised by an estimation of understandability based on document readability and by different models of how readability influences user understanding of document content. The proposed uRBP measures are empirically contrasted to RBP by comparing system rankings obtained with each measure. The findings suggest that considering understandability along with topicality in the evaluation of in- formation retrieval systems lead to different claims about systems effectiveness than considering topicality alone.
The organization of pudendal motoneurons and primary afferent projections in the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey revealed by horseradish peroxidase

The horseradish peroxidase tracing technique was utilized to study the distribution of motoneurons and primary afferent neurons contributing fibers to the pudendal nerve in the monkey. Application of horseradish peroxidase to the central cut end of the pudendal nerve labeled motoneurons in the ipsilateral spinal cord primarily in the S1 and L7 segments. In transverse sections these neurons were distributed within an oval area (Onuf's nucleus) with an average dimension of 360 × 290 μm, located at the base of the ventral horn, medial to the lateral motor nuclei. An average of 418 (range: 170–577) medium‐sized (44 × 26 μm) neurons were labeled per animal. In longitudinal sections the nucleus appeared as a beaded column of cells extending 9.3 mm rostrocaudally with a prominent network of longitudinal dendrites. In the transverse plane, other groups of dendrites were observed: one group extended dorsomedially toward the central canal, while a second group extended dorsolaterally to the intermediolateral gray, with some of the latter dendritic processes following the lateral border of the ventral horn.
RANK-ligand and osteoprotegerin as biomarkers in the differentiation between periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic prosthesis loosening

AIM To assess serum levels of RANK-ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as biomarkers for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and compare their accuracy with standard tests. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients presenting with a painful total knee or hip arthroplasty with indication for surgical revision were included in this prospective clinical trial. Based on standard diagnostics (joint aspirate, microbiological, and histological samples) and Musculoskeletal Infection Society consensus classification, patients were categorized into PJI, aseptic loosening, and control groups. Implant loosening was assessed radiographically and intraoperatively. Preoperative serum samples were collected and analyzed for RANKL, OPG, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and the bone-specific subform of AP (bAP). Statistical analysis was carried out, testing for significant differences between the three groups and between stable and loose implants. RESULTS All three groups were identical in regards to age, gender, and joint distribution. No statistically significant differences in the serum concentration of RANKL (P = 0.16) and OPG (P = 0.45) were found between aseptic loosening and PJI, with a trend towards lower RANKL concentrations and higher OPG concentrations in the PJI group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significant for the comparison between PJI and non-PJI (P = 0.005). A ratio > 60 ruled out PJI in all cases (specificity: 100%, 95%CI: 89, 11% to 100.0%) but only 30% of non-PJI patients crossed this threshold. The positive predictive value remained poor at any cut-off. In the differentiation between stable and loose implants, none of the parameters measured (calcium, phosphate, AP, and bAP) showed a significant difference, and only AP and bAP measurements showed a tendency towards higher values in the loosened group (with P = 0.09 for AP and P = 0.19 for bAP). CONCLUSION Lower RANKL and higher OPG concentrations could be detected in PJI, without statistical significance.
Prognostic Significance of Occult Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: An Unrecognized Disease Modifier.

Aortic stenosis (AS), a common condition affecting 3% of individuals aged >75 years, leads to heart failure and death unless the valve is replaced.1 Recently, patients with concomitant degenerative AS and transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis have been reported.2–4 One prospective study investigated the coexistence of cardiac amyloidosis in elderly patients with AS who were referred for an aortic valve replacement (surgical or transcatheter), by using echocardiography, 99mTc-3, 3-diphosphono-1, 2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy, and endomyocardial biopsy, but no cardiac magnetic resonance; 5 of the 43 patients were diagnosed with wild-type transthyretin-related amyloidosis (wtATTR). Of the 5 patients with wtATTR, only 1 was female (median age, 84 years; range, 76–90 years), and all had advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association III/IV). 2 One retrospective analysis included 171 patients with wtATTR, on the basis of clinical presentation, in addition to endomyocardial biopsy, cardiac magnetic resonance, echocardiography with an apical sparing strain pattern, and 99mTc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy; 27 were determined to have AS (mean age, 79 years; 70% male). 3 The 2-year mortality rate was not different between patients with and without AS, suggesting that the mortality in patients with both diseases may be driven by ATTR as opposed to a stenotic aortic valve or its treatment.3 Another retrospective study reported 16 patients (mean age, 79±6 years; 81% were men) with concomitant AS and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (wtATTR, n=13; Val122I, n=1; no genetic test, n=3). 4 After valve replacement (surgical in 63% and via transcatheter in 13%), mortality was 44% (n = 7) during the median 33-month follow-up period.4 These were small cohort or retrospective studies; …
Use of LMS functionalities in engineering education

This paper shows the partial results of a survey sent to all the members of the IEEE Education Society around the world about some aspects on the use of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in Engineering Education. The main interest of this study was to learn how e-learning functionalities were being used in the field of engineering education. The study covered the most commonly used LMSs, their main functionalities (Content Delivery, e-mail, Tasks-Exercises, Forums, Mailing lists, Exams, Self-assessment, Surveys, Groupwork, Chat, Calendar, FAQs, Wikis, Blogs, Glossaries, Videoconference, Notebook, Whiteboard, Learning Paths, Student Portfolio, Podcast, Student Tracking, and Vodcast), and aspects of their use, such as knowledge levels, training, patterns of use, perception of training proficiency, usefulness, learning curve; teachers' perceptions of the students' use of the different functionalities; institutional support; exams tools, and finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of e-learning use. The objective of this paper is to show the main results of this survey in the use of LMSs, and therefore to contribute to a reflexive debate in the international community about e-learning functionalities.
Concurrent sick building syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome: epidemic neuromyasthenia revisited.

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is usually characterized by upper respiratory complaints, headache, and mild fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness with defined criteria including extreme fatigue, sore throat, headache, and neurological symptoms. We investigated three apparent outbreaks of SBS and observed another more serious illness (or illnesses), characterized predominantly by severe fatigue, that was noted by 9 (90%) of the 10 teachers who frequently used a single conference room at a high school in Truckee, California; 5 (23%) of the 22 responding teachers in the J wing of a high school in Elk Grove, California; and 9 (10%) of the 93 responding workers from an office building in Washington, D.C. In those individuals with severe fatigue, symptoms of mucous membrane irritation that are characteristic of SBS were noted but also noted were neurological complaints not typical of SBS but quite characteristic of CFS. We conclude that CFS is often associated with SBS.
Transient stability enhancement of wind generator using superconducting magnetic energy storage unit

This paper proposes a robust controller for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to stabilize a grid connected wind generator system. In the proposed controller, both SMES active and reactive powers are controlled to decrease the fluctuations of output power and terminal voltage of the wind generator during abnormal conditions. In particular, the SMES controller is designed to enhance the system damping performance and robustness against transient disturbance. The power conversion system (PCS) of SMES unit used in this paper is composed of a sinusoidal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) voltage source converter (VSC) and a two-quadrant DC-DC chopper using insulated-gate-bipolar-transistors (IGBT). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMES controller is very effective for stabilizing wind generator as well as the entire power system. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by simulation analyses using PSCAD/EMTDC.
PERFORMANCE OF TADPOLES FROM THE HYBRIDOGENETIC RANA ESCULENTA COMPLEX: INTERACTIONS WITH POND DRYING AND INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

The performance of three genotypes (LL, LR, RR) of tadpoles resulting from the hybrid mating system of Rana lessonae (phenotype L, genotype LL) and Rana esculenta (phenotype E, genotype LR) was determined in artificial ponds. The effects of interspecific competition and pond drying on growth, development, and survival of tadpoles were used to measure the performance of genotypes and the relative fitness of offspring. Among the three genotypes, tadpoles from the homogametic mating RR had the lowest survival, growth, and development under all environmental conditions. Body size of the LL and LR genotype tadpoles at metamorphosis was reduced by competition and pond drying. Days to metamorphosis were also higher for the LL and LR genotype tadpoles in competition ponds. The proportion of individuals metamorphosing of each genotype was differentially lowered by competition and pond drying. The LL genotype produced more metamorphs than the LR genotype in the constant water level ponds, but the LR genotype produced more in drying ponds. In competition ponds, the LR genotype produced more metamorphs than the LL genotype, but the LL genotype produced more metamorphs in ponds without competition. The RR genotype produced no metamorphs in any of the experimental environments. Increased performance of LR offspring from the heterogametic mating, in harsh conditions, and reduced performance of RR offspring from the homogametic mating, even under favorable conditions, relative to the parental genotype (LL) suggests that the population dynamics of this hybridogenetic system is strongly dependent on mate choice in mixed populations and the subsequent pond environment females select for oviposition and larval development.
27.7 A scalable 1.5-to-6Gb/s 6.2-to-38.1mW LDPC decoder for 60GHz wireless networks in 28nm UTBB FDSOI

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in modern wireless communications are rate- and throughput-scalable, and despite their complexity, decoding them requires low power consumption. The IEEE 802.11ad standard for Gb/s wireless LANs in the 60GHz band requires an implementation of an LDPC encoder/decoder with throughputs of 1.5, 3, and 6Gb/s, with code rates of 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 and 13/16. Previous implementations of decoders for these throughputs and levels of reconfiguration have power consumptions on the order of the rest of the baseband processing. This paper presents a fully compatible IEEE 802.11ad LDPC decoder in 28 nm ultra-thin body and BOX fully-depleted SOI (UTBB FDSOI) technology with a power consumption that is a small fraction of the total baseband power. To achieve this, the decoder introduces an approximate marginalization technique and a simplified reconfiguration method. Forward body biasing of FDSOI technology allows for minimum energy consumption across all decoding modes.
Resistance mutations in 23 S rRNA identify the site of action of the protein synthesis inhibitor linezolid in the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center.

Oxazolidinones represent a novel class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in sensitive bacteria. The mechanism of action and location of the binding site of these drugs is not clear. A new representative of oxazolidinone antibiotics, linezolid, was found to be active against bacteria and against the halophilic archaeon Halobacterium halobium. The use of H. halobium, which possess only one chromosomal copy of rRNA operon, allowed isolation of a number of linezolid-resistance mutations in rRNA. Four types of linezolid-resistant mutants were isolated by direct plating of H. halobium cells on agar medium containing antibiotic. In addition, three more linezolid-resistant mutants were identified among the previously isolated mutants of H. halobium containing mutations in either 16 S or 23 S rRNA genes. All the isolated mutants were found to contain single-point mutations in 23 S rRNA. Seven mutations affecting six different positions in the central loop of domain V of 23 S rRNA were found to confer resistance to linezolid. Domain V of 23 S rRNA is known to be a component of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center. Clustering of linezolid-resistance mutations within this region strongly suggests that the binding site of the drug is located in the immediate vicinity of the peptidyl transferase center. However, the antibiotic failed to inhibit peptidyl transferase activity of the H. halobium ribosome, supporting the previous conclusion that linezolid inhibits translation at a step different from the catalysis of the peptide bond formation.
A nano-sandwich construct built with graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes enhances mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite–polyetheretherketone scaffolds

A nano-sandwich construct was built by combining two-dimensional graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite–polyetheretherketone (HAP–PEEK) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. In this nano-sandwich construct, the long tubular CNTs penetrated the interlayers of graphene and prevented their aggregation, increasing the effective contact area between the construct and matrix. The combination of GNSs and CNTs in a weight ratio of 2:8 facilitated the dispersion of each other and provided a synergetic effect in enhancing the mechanical properties. The compressive strength and modulus of the scaffolds were increased by 63.58% and 56.54% at this time compared with those of HAP–PEEK scaffolds, respectively. The carbon-based fillers, pulling out and bridging, were also clearly observed in the matrix. Moreover, the dangling of CNTs and their entangling with GNSs further reinforced the mechanical properties. Furthermore, apatite layer formed on the scaffold surface after immersing in simulated body fluid, and the cells attached and spread well on the surface of the scaffolds and displayed good viability, proliferation, and differentiation. These evidence indicate that the HAP–PEEK scaffolds enhanced by GNSs and CNTs are a promising alternative for bone tissue engineering.
Physiochemical, functional and sensory properties of developed health drink from minor millets

Minor millets play an important role is the food and nutritional security of the poor in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Millet based products is economically viable and also it highlights the excellent medicinal and nutritional qualities. The present study focused to develop millet based health drink using germinated kodo millet, barnyard millet, little millet and finger millet. Compare to other health drink available in market. The grain were soaked in water for 5 h and allowed to germinate for 24 h followed by shade dried for 12 h. The dried germinated millets were roasted until husks split open and then milled in a grinder to obtain fine flour. Sensory evaluation was conducted for the health drink prepared by using the composite flour. The drink had high consumer acceptability.
Microwave noise sources in AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs

Scattering and noise parameters of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs from Conexant with 30 and 35% of Al mole content were measured and modeled. De-embedding of the pad parasitics was accurately performed by using a "two step" method and small-signal modeling. Small-signal hybrid /spl Pi/ type model parameters were extracted from "cold" and "hot" HBT measurements. Thermal, hot electron and correlated base and collector current shot noises were included in the noise model, which accounted well for the measured noise parameters. From the resolution of noise sources It was found that minimum in noise figure at 5 GHz stems from the correlation of base and collector shot noise. Al content in the alloy does not influence the high frequency noise properties of the AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs.
Theoretical and Empirical Studies of Program Testing

Two approaches to the study of program testing are described. One approach is theoretical and the other empirical. In the theoretical approach situations are characterized in which it is possible to use testing to formally prove the correctness of programs or the correctness of properties of programs. In the empirical approach statistics are collected which record the frequency with which different testing strategies reveal the errors in a collection of programs. A summary of the results of two research projects which investigated these approaches are presented. The differences between the two approaches are discussed and their relative advantages and disadvantages are compared.