Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘One door closes, a next door opens up somewhere’: the learning of one Olympic synchronised swimmer

Although training in sport is necessary to reach Olympic status, a conditioned body is not the only outcome. Athletes also learn how to be Olympians. This learning involves taking on certain ways of acting, thinking and valuing. Such learning has implications beyond competition, as athletes eventually retire from elite sport and devote their time to other activities. This paper examines processes of learning and transition using the case of Amelia, a former Olympic synchronised swimmer. Through two in-depth interviews, empirical material was generated which focused on the learning that took place during this athlete’s career and after, during her transition to paid employment. A cultural view of learning was used as the theoretical frame to understand the athlete’s experiences. Our reading suggests that the athlete learned in various ways to be productive. Some of these ways of being were useful after retirement; others were less compatible. In fact, Amelia used a two-year period after retirement to reconstruct herself. Key to her eventual successful transition was to distance herself from the sport and to critically reflect upon her sporting experiences. We thus recommend that those involved with high-performance athletes foster a more balanced perspective that acknowledges and promotes ways of being beyond athletic involvement.
Examining Implementation Intentions in an Exercise Intervention: The Effects on Adherence and Self-Efficacy in a Naturalistic Setting

Some studies have found positive associations between implementation intentions and exercise, independent of motivational factors. However, most research has not been conducted in actual exercise contexts. In a naturalistic setting, implementation intentions may be associated with self-efficacy (SE) beliefs. This study examined the effect of implementation intentions on adherence and SE over an 11-week exercise program. Women (N = 72) were randomly assigned to an experimental (i.e., implementation intention) or a control group, with 52 participants completing the study. Results showed that while adherence decreased over time in both groups, the experimental group had better adherence than did the control group. Scheduling SE was also higher in the experimental group. Implementation intentions may help to maintain adherence and scheduling SE.
Structural Characteristics and Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Sargassum mcclurei

Three different fucoidan fractions were isolated and purified from the brown alga, Sargassum mcclurei. The SmF1 and SmF2 fucoidans are sulfated heteropolysaccharides that contain fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucose. The SmF3 fucoidan is highly sulfated (35%) galactofucan, and the main chain of the polysaccharide contains a →3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO3−)-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO3−)-(1→ motif with 1,4-linked 3-sulfated α-l-Fucp inserts and 6-linked galactose on reducing end. Possible branching points include the 1,2,6- or 1,3,6-linked galactose and/or 1,3,4-linked fucose residues that could be glycosylated with terminal β-d-Galp residues or chains of alternating sulfated 1,3-linked α-l-Fucp and 1,4-linked β-d-Galp residues, which have been identified in galactofucans for the first time. Both α-l-Fucp and β-d-Galp residues are sulfated at C-2 and/or C-4 (and some C-6 of β-d-Galp) and potentially the C-3 of terminal β-d-Galp, 1,4-linked β-d-Galp and 1,4-linked α-l-Fucp residues. All fucoidans fractions were less cytotoxic and displayed colony formation inhibition in colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Therefore, these fucoidan fractions are potential antitumor agents.
Effects of Exposure to Thin and Overweight Peers: Evidence of Social Comparison in Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters

Abstract The impact of social comparisons of body weight on self–perceptions has been investigated in previous research; however, previous studies have focused on the effects of exposure to idealized media images. The current study tested the hypothesis that upon exposure to information about a peer's weight, restrained eaters (but not unrestrained eaters) use this information to determine their own relative standing. Seventy female undergraduates participated in this study under the impression that it was a study of person memory. Participants read about a female peer described as either average weight, overweight, or thin. Participants then rated their self–perceptions, after which their food intake was surreptitiously measured. Restrained eaters exposed to the description of the thin peer experienced more negative self–perceptions; there were no significant effects of exposure to the overweight peer. For unrestrained eaters, there was no effect of exposure to the thin peer but evidence of self–enhancem.
Reappraising learning support in higher education

Abstract With the increasing number of disabled students entering the higher education sector, much research work has focused on the support services arena and the elimination of barriers that the disabled students have encountered. While producing useful advice on meeting the needs of disabled students, this line of research has done little to locate disability issues within the mainstream learning and teaching debate. By adopting a socio-educational model of ‘learning difficulty’, the study upon which this article draws examined through a survey the issue of ‘learning support’ for the whole student population of one university. The survey employed the Learning for All Questionnaire (LfAQ), a newly developed instrument that aimed to operationalise a holistic view of learning support. The analysis of the collected data provided directions for developing university policies and practices through a significant reformulation of the existing support provision. The article concludes by exploring the concept of ‘institutional habitus’ as a tool for understanding institutional practices, and effecting change to enhance learning and promote inclusion. The implications of current funding arrangements (the Disabled Students’ Allowance) for a mainstream model of learning support are also discussed.
Colour-identification of differentially valenced words in anxiety

Abstract Two groups of individuals, one high in trait anxiety and the other low in trait anxiety, performed a Stroop task in which threat, neutral, and pleasant words were presented. The results indicated clear differences between the high- and low-trait groups in their performance on this task. The low-trait group's performance was similar for all three types of sitmuli, whereas the high-trait group's responses were fastest for pleasant stimuli and slowest for threat-related stimuli. A recognition task to examine incidental learning of the “irrelevant” Stroop words showed that whilst the high-trait group had a stronger tendency to respond positively to all trials (critical and distractor) than the low-trait group, there were no differences in sensitivity between the two groups.
Effects of Expectation, Experience, and Environment on Visual Search

Effects of Expectation, Experience, and Environment on Visual Search by Mathias S. Fleck Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Stephen Mitroff, Supervisor ___________________________ Amy Needham ___________________________ David Madden ___________________________ Elizabeth Marsh An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in the Department of Psychology & Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009
One-Year Experience With High-Emergency Lung Transplantation in France

Background The continuing significant number of patients who die while on a waiting list for lung transplantation (LTx) has led several countries to modify their lung allocation rules in recent years. France has implemented high-emergency allocation rules to allow patients at imminent risk of death to undergo priority transplantation within several days. The aim of this study was to report on the early (2-year) experience of high-emergency LTx (HELTx) in France. Methods From July 1, 2007, to June 30, 2008, 186 patients underwent LTx in France in nine centers. Among them, 32 patients (17.2%) underwent HELTx (19 with cystic fibrosis, 7 pulmonary fibrosis, and 6 other diagnoses). The reasons for HELTx were risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (n=20), invasive mechanical ventilation (n=8), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=4). Results The median time between being placed on the HELTx waiting list and LTx was 3 days (interquartile range: 1–8 days). Survival rates in the HELTx group were 90.5%, 71%, 64.5%, 55%, and 51.5% at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, which were significantly lower than for 154 patients who underwent regular, nonurgent LTx during the study period (88.5%, 83%, 79%, 77%, and 71%, respectively). Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the new LTx allocation rules implemented in France since 2007 allow for rapid organ procurement for patients at imminent high risk of death. HELTx is feasible but yields poorer survival than elective LTx. Further studies are needed to assess implications of this organ allocation policy on the long run.
Dual effects of molybdenum on mouse oocyte quality and ovarian oxidative stress

A sub-acute toxicity test was performed to investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) on ovarian function. ICR adult female mice were exposed to Mo by free access to distilled water containing the Mo at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L for 14 days. Compared to the control group, M II oocyte morphology, ovary index, and ovulation improved within the 5 mg/L Mo group, but were negatively affected by Mo at 40 mg/L. Morphologically abnormal ovarian mitochondria were observed at ≥ 20 mg/L. These alterations accompanied the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovaries. In conclusion, Mo affects oocyte quality possibly through regulating ovarian oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. It appears that Mo may improve ovarian function at a suitable concentration, which might be a candidate for the treatment of female infertility.
Cue constraints and their interactions in phonological perception and production

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Thinking/Feeling about Social and Personal Relationships

Traditionally it has been assumed that cognition and emotion are separate and competing forces, with cognition representing rationality and emotion representing irrationality. However, recent theoretical and empirical work has demonstrated the symbiotic nature of the relationship between these complementary ways of apprehending and understanding the world. In this review, we discuss the functionality and logic of emotions and their impact on perception, cognition, and memory in social and personal relationships. Theory and research on the nature and development of emotion knowledge structures and emotional intelligence in relationships is also discussed, along with a consideration of cross-cultural differences in people's understandings about the nature of, and relationship between, thinking and feeling. The article closes with a call for a more integrated understanding of and feeling for the dynamics of social and personal relationships.
The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Renal System

Hydrogen sulfide has gained recognition as the third gaseous signaling molecule after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. This review surveys the emerging role of H2S in mammalian renal system, with emphasis on both renal physiology and diseases. H2S is produced redundantly by four pathways in kidney, indicating the abundance of this gaseous molecule in the organ. In physiological conditions, H2S was found to regulate the excretory function of the kidney possibly by the inhibitory effect on sodium transporters on renal tubular cells. Likewise, it also influences the release of renin from juxtaglomerular cells and thereby modulates blood pressure. A possible role of H2S as an oxygen sensor has also been discussed, especially at renal medulla. Alternation of H2S level has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as renal ischemia/reperfusion, obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy. Moreover, H2S donors exhibit broad beneficial effects in renal diseases although a few conflicts need to be resolved. Further research reveals that multiple mechanisms are underlying the protective effects of H2S, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis. In the review, several research directions are also proposed including the role of mitochondrial H2S in renal diseases, H2S delivery to kidney by targeting D-amino acid oxidase/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (DAO/3-MST) pathway, effect of drug-like H2S donors in kidney diseases and understanding the molecular mechanism of H2S. The completion of the studies in these directions will not only improves our understanding of renal H2S functions but may also be critical to translate H2S to be a new therapy for renal diseases.
The ‘good life’ and the ‘rich portfolio’: young women, schooling and neoliberal subjectification

This paper explores the ways two young women, living in Australia, make sense of themselves, their activities, and futures. The two young women come from two different schooling contexts—a prestigious private school and a government school. We analyse their self‐narratives in relation to neoliberal discourse, and consider how, and with what effects, their school contexts privilege and make available neoliberal discourses, and work to produce different subjectivities and notions of ‘worthwhile’ or ‘good’ lives. Conceptualising schools as sites of subjection, we analyse the discourses that their respective schools make available to the young women, and how they have appropriated them. We suggest that the different exposure and access to neoliberal discourses position the women very differently in terms of future possibilities and work‐life scenarios in the neoliberal economy. In that way, the article seeks to make a contribution towards understanding schools as implicated in social (re)production and in the (re)production of classed subjectivities.
Comprehensive Screening for Naturally Occurring Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Direct-Acting Antivirals in the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B Genes in Worldwide Isolates of Viral Genotypes 1 to 6

ABSTRACT There is no comprehensive study available on the natural hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymorphism in sites associated with resistance including all viral genotypes which may present variable susceptibilities to particular direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). This study aimed to analyze the frequencies, genetic barriers, and evolutionary histories of naturally occurring resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in the six main HCV genotypes. A comprehensive analysis of up to 103 RAVs was performed in 2,901, 2,216, and 1,344 HCV isolates for the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B genes, respectively. We report significant intergenotypic differences in the frequencies of natural RAVs for these three HCV genes. In addition, we found a low genetic barrier for the generation of new RAVs, irrespective of the viral genotype. Furthermore, in 1,126 HCV genomes, including sequences spanning the three genes, haplotype analysis revealed a remarkably high frequency of viruses carrying more than one natural RAV to DAAs (53% of HCV-1a, 28.5% of HCV-1b, 67.1% of HCV-6, and 100% of genotype 2, 3, 4, and 5 haplotypes). With the exception of HCV-1a, the most prevalent haplotypes showed RAVs in at least two different viral genes. Finally, evolutionary analyses revealed that, while most natural RAVs appeared recently, others have been efficiently transmitted over time and cluster in well-supported clades. In summary, and despite the observed high efficacy of DAA-based regimens, we show that naturally occurring RAVs are common in all HCV genotypes and that there is an overall low genetic barrier for the selection of resistance mutations. There is a need for natural DAA resistance profiling specific for each HCV genotype.
High‐fat diet feeding alters olfactory‐, social‐, and reward‐related behaviors of mice independent of obesity

High‐fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity, which is associated with well‐known increased health risks. Moreover, obesity has been associated with altered sensorimotor and emotional behaviors of humans and mice. This study attempted to dissociate the influence of HFD‐induced obesity on behaviors from the influence of HFD consumption itself.
Young People's Extra-Curricular Activities: Critical Social Engagement – Or ‘Something for the CV’?

The government has argued in various arenas that ‘active citizenship’ is one way in which young people can be effectively re-engaged with their communities, and with the political process more broadly. As part of this analysis, it has placed particular emphasis on the potential contribution of youth volunteering. However, many researchers have argued that such initiatives are essentially conservative, placing emphasis firstly on the skills and competences necessary to make a contribution to the economy rather than more innovative understandings of citizenship, and secondly on the importance of active community participation rather than an understanding of welfare rights and social citizenship. In engaging with this debate, this article draws on a study of 21 young people (aged between 16 and 18) involved in a range of different voluntary, peer-driven and socially focused extra-curricular groups in sixth-form colleges. It argues that, for the young people involved in this study, the effects of becoming involved were complex, multidirectional and, in some cases, apparently contradictory. While in some ways the activities appeared to serve essentially conservative functions (for example, by developing sympathy for those in positions of power), in other respects they engendered a much more critical stance to some aspects of the young people's worlds.
Integrated Tree Crops-ruminants Systems in South East Asia: Advances in Productivity Enhancement and Environmental Sustainability

Improved efficiency in the use of natural resources, pragmatic production systems and environmental sustainability, justified by the need for improved land use systems and increased productivity, are discussed in the context of Asian integrated systems, diversification, and issues of sustainability. The importance of these are reflected by serious inadequate animal protein production throughout Asia, where available supplies cannot match current and projected human requirements up to 2050. Among the ruminant production systems, integrated tree crops-ruminant production systems are grossly underestimated and merit emphasis and expansion. As an example, integrated oil palm- based system is an important pathway for integration with ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep), and provides the entry point for development. The importance and benefits of integrated systems are discussed, involving animals with annual and perennial tree crops, integration with aquaculture, the significance of crop-animal interactions, stratification of the systems, production options, improved use of forages and legumes, potential for enhanced productivity, implications for improved livelihoods of the rural poor and the stability of farm households. The advances in research and development in South East Asia highlight demonstrable increased productivity from animals and meat offtakes, value addition to the oil palm crop, sustainable development, and distinct economic impacts. The results from 12 out of a total of 24 case studies concerning oil palm over the past three decades showed increased yield of 0.49-3.52 mt of fresh fruit bunches (FFB)/ha/yr; increased income by about 30%; savings in weeding costs by 47- 60% equivalent to 21-62 RM/ha/yr; and an internal rate of return of 19% based on actual field data. The results provide important socio-economic benefits for resource-poor small farmers. Potential increased offtakes and additional income exist with the integration of goats. Additionally, the potential for carbon sequestration with tree crops is an advantage. The reasons for low adoption of the syatems are poor awareness of the potential of integrated systems, resistance by the crop- oriented plantation sector, and inadequate technology application. Promoting wider expansion and adoption of the systems in the future is linked directly with coherent policy, institutional commitment, increased investments, private sector involvement, and a stimulus package of incentives.
Deletion of TLR3 Alters the Pulmonary Immune Environment and Mucus Production during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

The detection of a viral infection by pattern recognition receptors (PAMPs) is an integral part of antiviral immunity. In these studies we have investigated the role of TLR3, which recognizes dsRNA, in Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infection using B6 background mice with a TLR3 deletion. Although we observed no changes in viral growth, we did find that TLR3−/− mice demonstrated significant increases in mucus production in the airways of RSV-infected mice. The qualitative assessment was observed by examining differentially stained lungs, followed by immunohistochemical staining for gob5, a mucus-associated protein. The histopathologic observations were verified using quantitative gene expression analyses examining gob5 gene expression. Changes in pulmonary mucus production were accompanied by an increase in pulmonary IL-13 as well as IL-5 expression and eosinophils in the airways of TLR3−/− mice. Examining leukocytes in the airway indicated an accumulation of eosinophils in TLR3−/− mice, but not wild-type mice, after RSV infection. Isolated lung draining lymph node cells from TLR3−/− mice produced significant increases in Th2-type cytokines, IL-5, and IL-13, compared with wild-type TLR3+/+ mice only after RSV infection. To demonstrate a causative link, we depleted TLR3−/− mice of IL-13 during RSV infection and found that mucus and gob5 expression in the lungs was attenuated. Together, these studies highlight that although TLR3 may not be required for viral clearance, it is necessary to maintain the proper immune environment in the lung to avoid developing pathologic symptoms of disease.
Maternal suprachiasmatic nuclei are necessary for maternal coordination of the developing circadian system

During late fetal and early neonatal life, the maternal circadian system coordinates the timing of a circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) to the prevailing light-dark cycle. The role of the maternal SCN in the process of maternal coordination was investigated in rats. Complete lesions of the maternal SCN on day 7 of gestation disrupted rhythms of SCN glucose utilization in fetuses and pineal N-acetyltransferase activity in 10-d-old pups. This disruption was probably due to the desynchronization of individually oscillating fetal SCN, because individual pups born to and reared by SCN-lesioned dams under constant conditions exhibited normal circadian rhythms in drinking behavior. Cross-foster studies showed that the maternal circadian system can coordinate developing circadian rhythmicity during either the pre- or postnatal period. The results indicate that the maternal SCN are a necessary component of the mechanism of maternal coordination during both the pre- and postnatal periods.