Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatic mutations in murine models of leukemia and lymphoma: Disease specificity and clinical relevance

Malignant transformation is a multistep process that is dictated by the acquisition of multiple genomic aberrations that provide growth and survival advantage. During the post genomic era, high throughput genomic sequencing has advanced exponentially, leading to identification of countless cancer associated mutations with potential for targeted therapy. Mouse models of cancer serve as excellent tools to examine the functionality of gene mutations and their contribution to the malignant process. However, it remains unclear whether the genetic events that occur during transformation are similar in mice and humans. To address that, we chose several transgenic mouse models of hematopoietic malignancies and identified acquired mutations in these mice by means of targeted re‐sequencing of known cancer‐associated genes as well as whole exome sequencing. We found that mutations that are typically found in acute myeloid leukemia or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients are also common in mouse models of the respective disease. Moreover, we found that the most frequent mutations found in a mouse model of lymphoma occur in a set of epigenetic modifier genes, implicating this pathway in the generation of lymphoma. These results demonstrate that genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) mimic the genetic evolution of human cancer and serve as excellent platforms for target discovery and validation.
Attentional Impairment in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

&NA; Multiple sclerosis (MS) entails various cognitive and psychological changes. The capacity to direct attention (CDA) is the ability to inhibit competing and distracting stimuli while processing information from the environment. A strong CDA is essential for effective functioning in daily life. The CDA may be reduced by MS lesions and by excessive attention‐draining demands imposed by the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess CDA using a one‐group descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 33 outpatients in symptom remission with relapsing‐remitting MS who had virtually no physical disability. As theorized, the MS group presented with attentional deficits of varying severity, despite the presence of few physical symptoms. These deficits were unrelated to depressive symptoms. Findings indicate that nurses need to consider attentional problems even in the most early disease states. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of attentional deficits on daily life functioning and to develop nursing interventions for conservation or restoration of CDA in individuals with relapsing‐remitting MS.
The effect of organizational learning on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work performance

The literature review reveals that there is a relationship between organizational learning organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work performance. However, it is apparent that the integrated relationships between these variables have not been found to be reported. Hence, we examine the relationship among these variables using a sample of public service managers in Malaysia. Organizational learning was found positively related to organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and work performance. Organizational commitment and job satisfaction are also positively related with work performance and these variables partially mediate the relationship between organizational learning and work performance. Implication of the study and suggestions for future research been discussed in this paper.
Does interoceptive awareness affect the ability to regulate unfair treatment by others?

In this study we aimed to investigate how awareness of bodily responses, referred to as interoceptive awareness, influences decision-making in a social interactive context. Interoceptive awareness is thought to be crucial for adequate regulation of one’s emotions. However, there is a dearth of studies that examine the association between interoceptive awareness and the ability to regulate emotions during interpersonal decision-making. Here, we quantified interoceptive awareness with a heartbeat detection task in which we measured the difference between subjective self-reports and an objective psychophysiological measurement of participant heart rates. Social decision-making was quantified using a two-round Ultimatum Game. Participants were asked to first reject or accept an unfair division of money proposed by a partner. In turn, participants could then make an offer on how to divide an amount of money with the same partner. Participants performed 20 rounds of the two-round Ultimatum Game twice, once during baseline condition and once while asked to reappraise emotional reactions when confronted with unfair offers from partners. Results showed that after reappraisal participants (1) accepted more unfair offers and (2) offered higher return divisions, as compared to baseline. With respect to interoceptive awareness, participants with better heartbeat detection scores tended to report less emotional involvement when they applied reappraisal while playing the Ultimatum Game. However, there was no reliably significant relationship between heartbeat detection and the acceptance of unfair offers. Similarly, heartbeat detection accuracy was not related to return offers made in the second round of the Ultimatum Game or the habitual use of emotion regulation. These preliminary findings suggest that the relationship between interoceptive awareness and behavioral changes due to emotion regulation in a social decision-making context appears to be complex.
The effects of seeing on Sérsic profiles – II. The Moffat PSF

ABSTRA C T The effects of seeing on Sersic r 1/n profile parameters are extensively studied using a Moffat function. This analytical approximation to the point spread function (PSF) is shown to provide the best fit to the PSF predicted from atmospheric turbulence theory when b , 4:765. The Moffat PSF is additionally shown to contain the Gaussian PSF as a limiting case Ob! 1U. The Moffat function is also shown to be numerically well behaved when modelling narrow PSFs in HST images. Seeing effects are computed for elliptically symmetric surface brightness distributions. The widely used assumption of circular symmetry when studying the effects of seeing on intrinsically elliptical sources is shown to produce significant discrepancies with respect to the true effects of seeing on these sources. A prescription to correct raw (observed) central intensities, effective radii, index n and mean effective surface brightness is given.
Is Child Saving Dead? Public Support for Juvenile Rehabilitation

In recent years, the sustained criticism leveled at juvenile rehabilitation has raised the question of whether the public continues to endorse the correctional policy of saving youthful offenders. However, in a 1998 statewide survey of Tennessee residents, the respondents indicated that rehabilitation should be an integral goal of the juvenile correctional system. They also endorsed a range of community-based treatment interventions and favored early intervention programs over imprisonment as a response to crime. Taken together, these findings revealed that the public's belief in “child saving” remains firm, and that citizens do not support an exclusively punitive response to juvenile offenders.
A New Platform for the Determination of Air–Sea Fluxes (OCARINA): Overview and First Results

The present paper describes a new type of floating platform that was specifically designed for estimating air-sea fluxes, investigating turbulence characteristics in the atmospheric surface boundary layer, and studying wind-wave interactions. With its design, it can be deployed in the open ocean or in shallow water areas. The system is designed to be used from a research vessel. It can operate for ~10 hours as a drifting wave rider and three hours under power. Turbulence and meteorological instrument packages are placed at a low altitude (1-1.5 m). It was deployed for validation purposes during the FROMVAR 2011 experiment off the west coast of Brittany (France). Wind friction velocity and surface turbulent buoyancy flux were estimated using eddy-covariance, spectral, bulk and profile methods. The comparisons of the four methods show a reasonable agreement except for the spectral buoyancy flux. This suggests that the platform design is correct. Also the wind measured at a fixed height above the sea shows spectral coherence with wave heights, such that wind and swell are in phase, with largest wind values on top of swell crests. This result in qualitative agreement with current model predictions supports the capability of OCARINA to investigate wind-swell interactions.
An Efficient Preparation of Mulberroside A from the Branch Bark of Mulberry and Its Effect on the Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity

A bioactive ingredient in an ethanol extract from the branch bark of cultivated mulberry Husang-32 (Morus multicaulis Perr.) was isolated using a macroporous resin column. The primary component, which was purified by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), was identified as mulberroside A (MA) by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In total, 4.12 g MA was efficiently extracted from one kilogram of mulberry bark. The enzymatic analysis showed that MA inhibited the generation of dopachrome by affecting the activities of monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase in vitro. This analysis indicated that MA and oxyresveratrol (OR), which is the the aglycone of mulberroside A, exhibited strong inhibition of the monophenolase activity with IC50 values of 1.29 µmol/L and 0.12 µmol/L, respectively. However, the former showed weaker inhibitory activity than the latter for diphenolase. For the monophenolase activity, the inhibitory activity of MA and OR was reversible and showed mixed type 1 inhibition. Additionally, the inhibition constant KI (the inhibition constant of the effectors on tyrosinase) values were 0.385 µmol/L and 0.926 µmol/L, respectively, and the KIS (the inhibition constants of the enzyme-substrate complex) values were 0.177 µmol/L and 0.662 µmol/L, respectively. However, MA showed competitive inhibition of diphenolase activity, and KI was 4.36 µmol/L. In contrast, OR showed noncompetitive inhibition and KI = KIS = 2.95 µmol/L. Taken together, these results provide important information concerning the inhibitory mechanism of MA on melanin synthesis, which is widely used in whitening cosmetics.
Parenting Practices and Child Adjustment in Different Types of Households

This article uses a sample of 867 African American households to investigate differences in parenting practices and child outcomes by type of household. Results indicate that mothers provide similar levels of parenting regardless of family structure. Secondary caregivers, however, show a great deal of variation in quality of parenting. Fathers and grandmothers engage in the highest quality parenting, stepfathers the poorest, with other relatives falling in between. These differences in parenting do not explain family structure differences in child behavior problems. Results suggest that children do best when there are two caregivers in the household, although stepfathers are an exception to this rule. Child behavior problems are found to be no greater in either mother-grandmother or mother-relative families than in households with two biological parents. In terms of risk for child behavior problems, these family forms seem to be functionally equivalent.
Sojourn measures of Student and Fisher-Snedecor random fields

Limit theorems for the volumes of excursion sets of weakly and strongly dependent heavy-tailed random fields are proved. Some generalizations to sojourn measures above moving levels and for cross-correlated scenarios are presented. Special attention is paid to Student and Fisher–Snedecor random fields. Some simulation results are also presented.
Core Self-Evaluations and Employee Voice Behavior

We used data obtained from customer contact employees in the People’s Republic of China to test a moderated mediation model of the processes through which core self-evaluations (CSE) influence voice behavior. Specifically, we examined personal control and approach/avoidance motivation as psychological pathways and procedural justice perceptions as a moderator of the CSE–voice behavior relationship. As predicted, our results revealed that CSE related to employee voice behavior indirectly through personal control and approach motivation but not avoidance motivation. Furthermore, and consistent with our prediction, results showed that procedural justice perceptions moderated the mediated influence of both personal control and approach motivation on the CSE–voice behavior relationship such that this relationship is stronger when procedural justice perceptions are high but not low. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of explanatory frameworks for understanding the documented effects of CSE on employee work outcomes.
The combined prior information in MMSE turbo equalization with preprocessor

In minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based turbo equalization, the decoder's extrinsic information is used as the MMSE equalizer's prior information. In order to improve the performance, the combined prior information which consists of the whole decoder's extrinsic information and the partial decoder's full information in the last iteration, is used by the MMSE equalizer. Meanwhile, the MMSE equalizer is lead by matched filter as a preprocessor to reduce the complexity. The extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is much better than that of the conventional turbo equalizer.
Subcritical detection of targets buried under a rippled interface: calibrated levels and effects of large roughness

This paper describes recent results from an ongoing modeling and measurement effort investigating shallow grazing angle acoustic detection of targets buried in sand. The measurements were performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test-pool with a 1.5-m layer of sand on the bottom. A silicone-oil-filled target sphere was buried under a rippled surface with contours formed by scraping the sand with a machined rake. Broad band (10 to 50 kHz) transducers were placed onto the shaft of a tilting motor, which in turn was attached to an elevated rail that enabled this assembly to be translated horizontally, permitting acquired data to be processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques. Acoustic backscatter data were acquired at subcritical grazing angles for various ripple wavelengths and heights. In addition, the backscattered signals from a calibrated free-field sphere and the transmitted signals received with a free-field hydrophone were recorded. For each bottom configuration, the seabed roughness over the buried target was measured to determine the ripple parameters and to estimate the small-scale roughness spectrum. This roughness information is used in scattering models to calculate the backscattered signal levels from the target and bottom. In previous work, measured signal-to-reverberation ratios were found to compare well with model predictions, demonstrating the accuracy of first-order perturbation theory (for the ripple heights used in those experiments) for frequencies up to 30 kHz. By taking advantage of the backscattered data collected using the free-field sphere and of the acquired transmitted data, more stringent comparisons of predicted buried target backscatter levels to measured levels are made here. Results of a second series of measurements using larger ripple heights to investigate the impact of higher-order scattering effects on buried target detection are presented.
Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness

The strategy of divide and conquer is usually an excellent one, but it all depends on how you do the carving. Chalmer's (1995) attempt to sort the `easy' problems of consciousness from the `really hard' problem is not, I think, a useful contribution to research, but a major misdirector of attention, an illusion-generator. How could this be? Let me describe two somewhat similar strategic proposals, and compare them to Chalmers' recommendation.
Effects of Fasting on Visual Flicker Fusion

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of fasting on visual flicker fusion (VFF). In Exp. 1 the VFF of 40 undergraduate students, 20 men and 20 women, whose mean age was 22.5 yr. , was measured in nonfasting conditions 1 to 2 weeks before and in fasting conditions during the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. In Exp. 2 the VFF of a comparable group of 15 men and 15 women, whose mean age was 23.2 yr. , was measured in a different month in both fasting and nonfasting conditions. Subjects were assigned randomly to these two conditions. Analysis shows that fasting reduced VFF significantly in both experiments. This finding indicates that fasting is likely to reduce perceptual sensitivity. The results were explained in terms of fatigue and physical exhaustion effects produced by fasting.
Emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in coal miners

Purpose of review Coal mining remains a major industry that has workers at risk for developing chronic lung disease. Aside from simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis, the development of emphysema and obstructive lung disease independent of smoking may be underappreciated. This article reviews more recent studies that may help rectify this faulty view. Recent findings Cumulative exposure to coal dust is a significant risk factor for the development of emphysema and has an additive effect to smoking. Increased coal dust exposure is associated with increased risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In newly employed coal miners, bronchitic symptoms are associated with a rapid decline in lung function within 2 years after starting work. In evaluating impairment, the chest radiograph may be helpful as a marker of exposure but the diffusing capacity is most correlated with dyspnea, whereas the emphysema computed tomography score has good association with expiratory flow limitation. Summary Latest studies further support the association of emphysema and COPD with coal dust exposure. Increased cumulative exposure may also increase risk of death from these diseases.
Mapping forest types with TerraSAR-X imagery

Forest mapping and monitoring surveys are often based on costly and time-consuming field work. Satellite remote sensing data can facilitate these procedures over large forest areas [1]. Therefore, the Forest Research Institute of Baden Württemberg and the Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems of the University of Freiburg aim on developing methods to support and to improve traditional monitoring of forest areas. The objective is the implementation of long-term, low-cost, and high-quality monitoring programs. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provided by high resolution satellites as TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 are now available for large scale forest mapping and forest monitoring applications. In order to examine TerraSAR-X images to map deciduous and coniferous forest, High Resolution Spot Light (HS) images were acquired for two study sites in southern Germany. A correct interpretation of SAR images requires an adequate pre-processing of the data. The quality of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used as reference is fundamental for this purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the quality of the DEM on mapping accuracy of forest types using SAR data. The use of high resolution (5 m) DEMs derived from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) for the orthorectification of SAR images was found to be important for the reduction of errors in pixel location and to increase the classification accuracy of the forest types. No significant difference was found between using an ALS Digital Surface Model (DSM) or a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for the orthorectification. Analysis of the radar backscatter indicated that plots dominated by coniferous trees tended to have lower radar backscatter (σ) values than plots dominated by deciduous trees. Results of forest type classifications based on images in leaf-off and leaf-on conditions were similar. Nonetheless, the combination of leaf-off and leaf-on images preprocessed with an ALS DTM resulted in the highest overall accuracy with kappa coefficients of 0.41 and 0.49, respectively. The classification of forest types using SAR images pre-processed with the SRTM DEM resulted in poor accuracies and kappa coefficients of less than 0.10.
Test-Retest Reliability and Construct Validity of the Cognitive Style Index for Business Undergraduates

The Cognitive Style Index was administered to 89 business undergraduates. Cronbach alpha and test-retest indicate reliabilities of scores for this group. The significant difference between men's and women's scores supports the construct validity of the Cognitive Style Index. Hypotheses regarding differences in scores across seniority in the business program and across areas of study were not supported.
Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

ABSTRACT Herpesviruses are members of a diverse family of viruses that colonize all vertebrates from fish to mammals. Although more than one hundred herpesviruses exist, all are nearly identical architecturally, with a genome consisting of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule (100 to 225 kbp) protected by an icosahedral capsid made up of 162 hollow-centered capsomeres, a tegument surrounding the nucleocapsid, and a viral envelope derived from host membranes. Upon infection, the linear viral DNA is delivered to the nucleus, where it circularizes to form the viral episome. Depending on several factors, the viral cycle can proceed either to a productive infection or to a state of latency. In either case, the viral genetic information is maintained as extrachromosomal circular DNA. Interestingly, however, certain oncogenic herpesviruses such as Marek's disease virus and Epstein-Barr virus can be found integrated at low frequencies in the host's chromosomes. These findings have mostly been viewed as anecdotal and considered exceptions rather than properties of herpesviruses. In recent years, the consistent and rather frequent detection (in approximately 1% of the human population) of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) viral DNA integrated into human chromosomes has spurred renewed interest in our understanding of how these viruses infect, replicate, and propagate themselves. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on chromosomal integration by herpesviruses and present the current state of knowledge on integration by HHV-6 with the possible clinical implications associated with viral integration.
Low recurrence rate of vestibular neuritis: A long-term follow-up

We examined 103 patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) in a follow-up study (5.7 to 20.5 years, mean 9.8 years). Two patients (1.9%) had developed a second occurrence of VN 29 to 39 months after the first. VN affected the contralateral ear in both and caused less severe distressing vertigo and postural imbalance. Unlike Bell’s palsy and sudden hearing loss, a relapse in the same ear did not occur.