Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review: Accuracy of Data in Computer-based Patient Records

Data in computer-based patient records (CPRs) have many uses beyond their primary role in patient care, including research and health-system management. Although the accuracy of CPR data directly affects these applications, there has been only sporadic interest in, and no previous review of, data accuracy in CPRs. This paper reviews the published studies of data accuracy in CPRs. These studies report highly variable levels of accuracy. This variability stems from differences in study design, in types of data studied, and in the CPRs themselves. These differences confound interpretation of this literature. We conclude that our knowledge of data accuracy in CPRs is not commensurate with its importance and further studies are needed. We propose methodological guidelines for studying accuracy that address shortcomings of the current literature. As CPR data are used increasingly for research, methods used in research databases to continuously monitor and improve accuracy should be applied to CPRs.
Diagnostic reference levels in intraoral dental radiography in Korea

Purpose The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. Materials and Methods One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. Results The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 mGycm2 (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p<0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p<0.05). Conclusion We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea.
Splenic gene expression profiling in White Leghorn layer inoculated with the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that can threaten human health through contaminated poultry products. Live poultry, chicken eggs and meat are primary sources of human salmonellosis. To understand the genetic resistance of egg-type chickens in response to SE inoculation, global gene expression in the spleen of 20-week-old White Leghorn was measured using the Agilent 4 × 44 K chicken microarray at 7 and 14 days following SE inoculation (dpi). Results showed that there were 1363 genes significantly differentially expressed between inoculated and non-inoculated groups at 7 dpi (I7/N7), of which 682 were up-regulated and 681 were down-regulated genes. By contrast, 688 differentially expressed genes were observed at 14 dpi (I14/N14), of which 371 were up-regulated genes and 317 were down-regulated genes. There were 33 and 28 immune-related genes significantly differentially expressed in the comparisons of I7/N7 and I14/N14 respectively. Functional annotation revealed that several Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immunity were significantly enriched between the inoculated and non-inoculated groups at 14 dpi but not at 7 dpi, despite a similar number of immune-related genes identified between I7/N7 and I14/N14. The immune response to SE inoculation changes with different time points following SE inoculation. The complicated interaction between the immune system and metabolism contributes to the immune responses to SE inoculation of egg-type chickens at 14 dpi at the onset of lay. GC, TNFSF8, CD86, CD274, BLB1 and BLB2 play important roles in response to SE inoculation. The results from this study will deepen the current understanding of the genetic response of the egg-type chicken to SE inoculation at the onset of egg laying.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Outcomes for Gastroesophageal Tumors in Low Volume Units: A Multicenter Survey

Background and Aims. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) outcomes have traditionally been reported from high volume centers in East Asia. Data from low volume centers in other parts of Asia remain sparse. Methods. A retrospective survey with a structured questionnaire of 5 tertiary centers in 3 countries in South East Asia was conducted. Details of training and clinical outcomes of ESD cases, with follow-up data from these centers, were analyzed. Results. Seven endoscopists from the 5 centers performed a total of 35 cases of ESD in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) over a 6-year duration. Details of the lesions excised were as follows: median size was 20 mm, morphologically 20 (68.6%) were flat/depressed and 6 (17.1%) were submucosal, and histologically 27 (77.1%) were neoplastic. The median duration of ESD procedures was 105 minutes, with an en-bloc resection rate of 91.4%. There was 1 (2.9%) case of delayed bleeding, but no perforation nor mortality in any of the cases. The recurrence rate after ESD was 5.7%. A prolonged ESD duration was influenced by a larger size of lesion (25 mm, p = 0.02) but not by factors related to the training experience of endoscopists. Conclusions. ESD in the UGIT is feasible and safe in low volume centers in Asia.
Intrastrand Annealing Leads to the Formation of a Large DNA Palindrome and Determines the Boundaries of Genomic Amplification in Human Cancer

ABSTRACT Amplification of large chromosomal regions (gene amplification) is a common somatic alteration in human cancer cells and often is associated with advanced disease. A critical event initiating gene amplification is a DNA double-strand break (DSB), which is immediately followed by the formation of a large DNA palindrome. Large DNA palindromes are frequent and nonrandomly distributed in the genomes of cancer cells and facilitate a further increase in copy number. Although the importance of the formation of large DNA palindromes as a very early event in gene amplification is widely recognized, it is not known how a DSB is resolved to form a large DNA palindrome and whether any local DNA structure determines the location of large DNA palindromes. We show here that intrastrand annealing following a DNA double-strand break leads to the formation of large DNA palindromes and that DNA inverted repeats in the genome determine the efficiency of this event. Furthermore, in human Colo320DM cancer cells, a DNA inverted repeat in the genome marks the border between amplified and nonamplified DNA. Therefore, an early step of gene amplification is a regulated process that is facilitated by DNA inverted repeats in the genome.
Does Extensive Upper Abdomen Surgery During Primary Cytoreduction Impact on Long-term Quality of Life?

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility in terms of safety and quality of life in a sample of Italian patients affected by advanced ovarian cancer and submitted to either extensive upper abdomen or standard surgery, through validated questionnaires. Methods From January 2006 to November 2011, a prospective, observational study was conducted to compare quality of life in patients affected by advanced ovarian cancer and submitted to primary cytoreduction in the Division of Gynecology of the University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome. After surgery patients were stratified into 2 groups (group A: standard surgery or group B: extensive upper abdomen surgery). All patients were submitted to standard chemotherapy. At completion of treatment, during the first follow-up visit, all eligible patients were asked to fill in Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30) (version 3.0) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-OV28 (QLQ-OV28) questionnaires. Results Eighty-nine patients were enrolled into our study. Nine were excluded, so finally 80 patients were considered in this study. Group A included 40 patients and underwent standard surgery (pelvic surgery); group B, included 40 patients and underwent extensive upper abdomen surgery. There were no statistical differences in terms of major surgical complication rates (15% vs 10%). We registered same times of beginning of chemotherapy (median, 19 vs 21 days) and no severe related toxicities. Quality-of-life scores of both questionnaires were comparable between groups, with the exception of Global Health Status in QLC-30. Conclusions Upper abdomen surgery is a feasible and safe therapeutic option. Patients present same times of beginning of chemotherapy without an increase in chemorelated toxicities and experience the same general quality of life.
Quantitation of HLA Proteins Incorporated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Assessment of Neutralizing Activity of Anti-HLA Antibodies

ABSTRACT Human anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were assessed for neutralizing activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carrying HLA alleles with matching specificity. Multiparous women carrying anti-HLA antibodies were identified. Plasma samples from those women were confirmed as having antibodies that specifically bound to HLA proteins expressed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of their husbands. A primary HIV-1 isolate was cultured in the husband's PBMCs so that the virus carried matching HLA alleles. To determine the HIV-1-neutralizing activity of anti-HLA antibodies, the infectivity of the virus for GHOST cells (which express green fluorescent protein after HIV infection) was investigated in the presence of a plasma sample positive for the respective anti-HLA antibody. A neutralization assay was also performed using purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from two plasma samples, and two plasma samples were investigated in the presence of complement. The prerequisite for anti-HLA antibody-mediated neutralization is incorporation of HLA proteins by HIV-1. Therefore, the extent of incorporation of HLA proteins by the primary HIV-1 isolate was estimated. The ratios of HLA class I protein to HIV-1 capsid (p24) protein cultured in the PBMCs of two healthy individuals were 0.017 and 0.054. These ratios suggested that the HIV-1 strain used in the assay incorporated more HLA proteins than gp160 trimers. Anti-HLA antibody-positive plasma was found to contain antibodies that specifically reacted to HIV-1 carrying cognate HLA alleles. However, incubation of HIV-1 with anti-HLA antibody- positive plasma or purified IgG did not show a reduction in viral infectivity. HIV-1-neutralizing activity was also not detected in the presence of complement. This study shows that HIV-1 primary isolates cultured in PBMCs contain significant amounts of HLA proteins. However, the binding of antibodies to those HLA proteins does not mediate a reduction in viral infectivity.
Prevalence and Assessment of Factors Contributing to Adverse Drug Reactions in Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital, India

Background Adverse drug reactions account for the highest proportion among the causes of morbidity and mortality in clinical wards and are posing a considerable challenge. Hence, the objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of adverse drug reactions and the factors which contribute to their prevalence. Methods A prospective patient record review was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in North India from August 2010–May 2011. A total of 1033 subjects admitted to hospital for any kind of treatment were included while patients admitted in the ward because of adverse drug reactions were excluded. The ward where we collected the data includes multispecialty and cardiovascular wards. The causality, severity, and preventability of adverse drug reactions were assessed using Naranjo, modified Hartwig, and Schumock and Thornton criteria, respectively. Kolmogorov-Smyrnov, chi -square and multiple logistic regression tests were used to determine adverse drug reactions ascribed to drugs. Results Out of 1033 patients whose records were assessed, 167(16.2%) experienced one or more adverse drug reactions. The metabolic systems, which accounted for 49(24.6%) were most frequently affected by adverse drug reactions, followed by gastrointestinal, 45(22.6%); hematological, 28(14.1%) and cutaneous, 21(10.6%) systems. The drug classes most frequently associated with the reactions were antibiotics 40(20.1%), diuretics 35(17.6%) and anticoagulants 30(15.1%). According to the selected preventability scale, 72(36.2%) adverse drug reactions were classified as probably or definitely preventable. About 165(83%) of the reactions were type A, which represents augmentation of the pharmacological action of a drug. Number of drugs, length of hospitalization and number of diagnosis were identified as significant predisposing factors for ADRs. Conclusion The result of this study suggested that adverse drug reactions were significant causes of superimposed health problems that occur following hospitalization. The major risk factors associated with ADR include number of drugs, length of hospitalization and number of diagnosis. Based on the findings a rigorous study is recommended to determine the burden and identify the risk factors of adverse drug reactions to target interventions.
The relationship between religion, social interest, and wellness in adults

The primary purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between religion, social interest, and wellness in adults. A stratified random sample was taken of faculty, staff, and students at a university with 125 individuals participating in the study. All participants completed an online survey including the Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness and Spirituality (Fetzer, 1999), Social Interest Index (Greever, Tseng, Friedland, 1973), and Five-Factor Wellness Inventory (Myers & Sweeney, 2005). It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship between the components of religion, social interest, and wellness. The mediating role of social interest on the relationship between the components of religion and wellness was explored along with considering mean differences for wellness across religious groups. Finally, mean differences for all three scales were explored for ethnicity, gender, and age. The hypotheses were tested using correlations and multivariate analysis. Components of religion were found to have a significant relationship with wellness, although only the components of Daily Spiritual Experience and Organizational Religiousness had significant relationships with social interest. Social interest and wellness had a positive significant relationship (.544). Social interest also mediated the relationship between Daily Spiritual Experience and Total Wellness. There were no mean differences found for Total Wellness across different religious groups. African American participants had higher mean scores on the components of religion. Women had higher mean scores than men for various components of religion. Older participants were found to have higher mean scores for Total Wellness and Organizational Religiousness. This study is the first to date to examine religion, social interest, and holistic wellness. Future studies are needed to continue to explore the relationships between religion, social interest, and wellness specifically the relationship between religion and social interest. It is important that future research includes samples that are more diverse not only in regards to gender, ethnicity, and age but also in religious groups and denominations.
Second Thoughts on an Artificial Intelligence Approach to Speech Understanding

A few years ago I undertook a new speech understanding research project, aiming to explore innovative techniques rather than pursue short-term results. My method was to build on the classic 1970s AI approaches to speech, as an alternative to the current mainstream speech understanding research methods. This led to a system that was competitive, both in elegance and performance, with other recent AI-inspired speech understanding systems. However, evaluation of results and prospects led to the realization that the system had no future. This paper analyzes the roots of this failure as a case study in AI methodology gone awry. In particular, it explains why my original, classicly AI goals — namely, be optimal in principle, be well integrated, iteratively refine the interpretation, deal directly with noisy inputs, be linguistically interesting, be tunable by hand, work with clear hypotheses, be architecturally innovative, and relate to general issues in AI — are less important than they seemed. 1 Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches to speech understanding were actively pursued in the mid-1970s but have been low-profile since. The 1990s seemed like a good time for another try, for several reasons. One reason is the availability of faster computers and nicer Lisps. Another reason is the new tools and techniques from connectionism and from recent linguistics. Yet another reason is that, due to advances in speech recognition, for many applications it is the problems of language and meaning that are the limiting factors (Hirschman 1994; Pallett & Fiscus 1995). So I set to work. After a few years I had a working prototype of a rather novel speech understanding system (Ward 1994a). Prior to scaling this up to a realistic high-performance system, I evaluated the prototype and did another literature review. Doing so led to an unexpected conclusion: the system I had envisioned was not worth building; the task I had set myself was not really meaningful. This paper analyzes how I misconceived the task of speech understanding. This is worth doing because many of the misconceptions which I suered from also aict
Borel Normality and Algorithmic Randomness

We prove that all random sequences (in Chaitin-Martin-L(cid:127)of sense) and almost all random strings (in both Kolmogorov-Chaitin and Chaitin senses) satisfy various conditions of normality ((cid:12)rst introduced by Borel). All proofs are constructive.
Studies on the Prevalence of Complicated Atrial Arrhythmias, Flutter, and Fibrillation in Patients with Reciprocating Supraventricular Tachycardia Before and After Successful Catheter Ablation

MIYAMOTO, K. ‐J., et al.: Studies on the Prevalence of Complicated Atrial Arrhythmias, Flutter, and Fibrillation in Patients with Reciprocating Supraventricular Tachycardia Before and After Successful Catheter Ablation. Atrial flutter and AF are complications in approximately 30% of cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)‐indicated catheter ablation, and it is of interest to determine if therapeutic modification for PSVT would eliminate combined atrial tachyarrhythmia like atrial flutter and AF. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the risk of atrial tachyarrhythmias after catheter ablation of PSVT. A total of 152 patients (age range 12–74, mean 41 ± 17 years) with accessory pathway (n = 106) and/or dual atrioventricular nodal conduction (n = 46) were enrolled in a 2‐year follow‐up program after successful catheter ablation. Possible risks on clinical background (age, sex, PSVT duration, hemodynamic instability during attacks), premature atrial contraction (PACs) on Holter monitoring, echocardiographic left atrial size, and electrophysiological property (insertion site, conduction type, effective refractory period) were evaluated. Atrial flutter and AF were complications in 53 (35%) of the subjects, who were elderly and had a longer PSVT history with a larger left atrial dimension and frequent PACs; however, the electrophysiological properties were similar. After a 2‐year follow‐up period 36 (24%) of the patients still exhibited PAC runs, including 13 (9%) with atrial flutter and AF, each one of whom were complicated with nonlethal cerebral thromboembolism and congestive heart failure. Multiple‐logistic‐regression analysis revealed that advanced age (≥ 41 years, P = 0.0152) and frequent PACs (≥ 1% of total daily QRS counts, P = 0.0426) on Holter monitoring are the risk factors of PAC runs and/or atrial flutter and AF. In conclusion, successful ablation for PSVT is thought to be beneficial for preventing atrial flutter and AF. However, careful follow‐up to monitor for the recurrence and atrial flutter and AF related complications, especially in patients of solitary atrial flutter and AF without reciprocating tachycardia and with frequent PAC.
PROFILING DRINK DRIVING OFFENDERS IN CENTRAL QUEENSLAND - PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM THE EVALUATION OF A DRINK DRIVING REHABILITATION/TREATMENT PROGRAM

Drink driving rehabilitation/treatment programs are widely used intervention strategies in the prevention of recidivist drink driving. Although the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs was not always recognised, recent meta-analytic and evaluation studies provide systematic evidence supporting the utilisation of these measures in the control of drink driving. The data presented in this paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge examining the utility of rehabilitation programs. It presents the profiles of drink driving offenders who elected to attend the ‘Under the Limit’ rehabilitation program (Sheehan, Schonfeld, & Davey, 1995) and a control group who elected to remain in the “typical‿ management procedures. ‘Under the Limit’ is a behaviour change intervention which aims to reduce recidivism through modification of relevant lifestyle factors. Base line data collected for the evaluation of the program are examined for 148 drink driving offenders who were interviewed at the time of their court appearance. An extensive examination of the characteristics of these offenders will be presented. In addition comparisons will be drawn between the 74 offenders who elected to attend the ‘Under the Limit’ drink driving program and the remaining 74 offenders who acted as the control group. A range of variables are examined including socioeconomic indicators, knowledge of alcohol and its association with BAC, relevant attitudes, drink driving behaviours, alcohol consumption, self esteem and availability and use of social support. Inferences for the design and implementation of rehabilitation programs will be drawn.