Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daily Stressors in Primary Education Students

Daily stress can have a bearing on children’s emotional and academic development. This study aimed to assess daily stressors and to determine their prevalence among primary education students, taking into account their gender, academic year, social adaptation, and the school location. A sample of 7,354 Spanish schoolchildren aged between 6 and 13 years (boys, N = 3,777, girls, N = 3,577; M = 10.32, SD = 1.47) completed the Children’s Daily Stressors Inventory (Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil, IECI in Spanish). Based on the IECI cut-offs, the majority of participants reported an absence of daily stress (68%) or only mild stress (23.2%). The prevalence of severe daily stress was 8.7%. While broadly positive, these results regarding the incidence of daily stressors in childhood highlight the need to teach children effective strategies for coping with their day-to-day problems. Intervention of this kind would be especially important for children from socially and economically disadvantaged areas and for those who present behavioral and emotional difficulties such as aggressive or inhibited behavior.
Switch from Canonical to Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Mediates High Glucose‐Induced Adipogenesis

Human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are multipotent cells that play an essential role in endogenous repair and the maintenance of the stem cell niche. We have recently shown that high levels of glucose, conditions mimicking diabetes, cause impairment of MPCs, resulting in enhanced adipogenesis and suppression of osteogenesis. This implies that diabetes may lead to reduced endogenous repair mechanisms through altering the differentiation potential of MPCs and, consequently, disrupting the stem cell niche. Phenotypic alterations in the bone marrow of long‐term diabetic patients closely resemble this observation. Here, we show that high levels of glucose selectively enhance autogenous Wnt11 expression in MPCs to stimulate adipogenesis through the Wnt/protein kinase C noncanonical pathway. This novel mechanism may account for increased bone marrow adipogenesis, severe bone loss, and reduced vascular stem cells leading to chronic secondary complications of diabetes. Stem Cells 2014;32:1649–1660
Alterations in the aqueous humor proteome in patients with a glaucoma shunt device

Purpose To investigate whether implantation of a glaucoma shunt device leads to inappropriate accumulation of plasma derived proteins in the aqueous humor. Methods Aqueous humor samples were collected from 11 patients (study group) with a glaucoma shunt device undergoing either cataract surgery or a corneal transplant and 11 patients (control) with senile cataract undergoing routine cataract extraction. Of the study group, 9 had an Ahmed valve implant and 2 eyes had a Baerveldt implant. Tryptic digests of the mixture of proteins in aqueous humor (AH) were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Proteins were identified with high confidence using stringent criteria and compared quantitatively using a label-free platform (IdentiQuantXLTM). Results We identified 135 proteins in the albumin-depleted fraction in both the study and control group AH. Using stringent criteria, 13 proteins were detected at a significantly higher level compared to controls. These proteins are known to play a role in oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and/or immunity and include gelsolin (p=0.00005), plasminogen (p=0.00009), angiotensinogen (p=0.0001), apolipoprotein A-II (p=0.0002), beta-2-microglobulin (p=0.0002), dickkopf-3 (DKK-3; p=0.0002), pigment epithelium-derived factor (p=0.0002), RIG-like 7–1 (p=0.0002), afamin (p=0.0003), fibronectin 1 (FN1; p=0.0003), apolipoprotein A-I (p=0.0004), activated complement C4 protein (C4a; p=0.0004) and prothrombin (p=0.0004). Many of the identified proteins were novel proteins that have not been associated with glaucoma in prior studies. All but C4a (complement C4 is a plasma protein but not in an activated form) are known plasma proteins and the elevated levels of these proteins in the aqueous humor suggests a breach in the blood-aqueous barrier with passive influx into the anterior chamber of the eye. Conclusions The presence of these proteins in the aqueous humor suggests that glaucoma shunt device causes either a breach in blood-aqueous barrier or chronic trauma, increasing influx of oxidative, apoptotic and inflammatory proteins that could potentially cause corneal endothelial damage.
Localized topology control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

This article studies topology control in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where different wireless sensors may have different maximum transmission ranges and two nodes can communicate directly with each other if and only if they are within the maximum transmission range of each other. We present several localized topology control strategies in which every wireless sensor maintains logical communication links to only a selected small subset of its physical neighbors using information of sensors within its local neighborhood in a heterogeneous network environment. We prove that the global logical network topologies formed by these locally selected links are sparse and/or power efficient and our methods are communication efficient. Here a structure is power efficient if the total power consumption of the least cost path connecting any two nodes in it is no more than a small constant factor of that in the original heterogeneous communication network. By utilizing the wireless broadcast channel capability, and assuming that a message sent by a sensor node will be received by all sensors within its transmission region with at most a constant number of transmissions, we prove that all our methods use at most O(n) total messages, where each message has O(log n) bits. We also conduct extensive simulations to study the practical performance of our methods.
Accelerated Gradient Methods for Stochastic Optimization and Online Learning

Regularized risk minimization often involves non-smooth optimization, either because of the loss function (e.g., hinge loss) or the regularizer (e.g., l1-regularizer). Gradient methods, though highly scalable and easy to implement, are known to converge slowly. In this paper, we develop a novel accelerated gradient method for stochastic optimization while still preserving their computational simplicity and scalability. The proposed algorithm, called SAGE (Stochastic Accelerated GradiEnt), exhibits fast convergence rates on stochastic composite optimization with convex or strongly convex objectives. Experimental results show that SAGE is faster than recent (sub)gradient methods including FOLOS, SMIDAS and SCD. Moreover, SAGE can also be extended for online learning, resulting in a simple algorithm but with the best regret bounds currently known for these problems.
Expression of the P2X2 receptor subunit of the ATP‐gated ion channel in the retina

THE site of extracellular ATP signalling in the retina was investigated by examining expression of the P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) subunit which assembles to form ATP-gated ion channels. Indirect in situ RT–PCR in situ hybridization localized the presence of mRNA for the P2X2R subunit within the soma of photoreceptors, inner nuclear layer neurones and the retina ganglion cells. Use of an antiserum specific for the P2X2R subunit confirmed the expression of the protein by these cells and demonstrated a particularly dense immunolabelling within the inner plexiform layer containing the dendritic processes of the retina ganglion cells. The outer segment of the photoreceptors also exhibited P2X2R-like immunoreactivity. The extensive expression of ATP-gated ion channel protein within the retina suggeststhat extra-cellular ATP plays diverse neurohumoral roles in regulation of visual processing and cellular homeostasis.
Mechanisms Linking Excess Adiposity and Carcinogenesis Promotion

Obesity constitutes one of the most important metabolic diseases being associated to insulin resistance development and increased cardiovascular risk. Association between obesity and cancer has also been well established for several tumor types, such as breast cancer in post-menopausal women, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Cancer is the first death cause in developed countries and the second one in developing countries, with high incidence rates around the world. Furthermore, it has been estimated that 15–20% of all cancer deaths may be attributable to obesity. Tumor growth is regulated by interactions between tumor cells and their tissue microenvironment. In this sense, obesity may lead to cancer development through dysfunctional adipose tissue and altered signaling pathways. In this review, three main pathways relating obesity and cancer development are examined: (i) inflammatory changes leading to macrophage polarization and altered adipokine profile; (ii) insulin resistance development; and (iii) adipose tissue hypoxia. Since obesity and cancer present a high prevalence, the association between these conditions is of great public health significance and studies showing mechanisms by which obesity lead to cancer development and progression are needed to improve prevention and management of these diseases.
Color‐emotion associations and color preferences: A case study for residences

This study examines existing beliefs about “color” focusing on color-emotion associations by discussing how color can be used as a way of communicator to fulfill human needs in residences. Fifty people from various age groups participated in the study. They were asked to match a list of adjectives with the proper color samples from the catalogue of a quite popular color producer firm in Turkey. Results indicate that there is a strong dependency between the choice and use of green at residences. Emotional responses to colors change with value and saturation levels. According to the test results, gender and age are determining factors in the selection of achromatic black. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 144 – 150, 2007
Water maze and radial maze learning and the density of binding sites of glutamate, GABA, and serotonin receptors in the hippocampus of inbred mouse strains

Correlations between the densities of ionotropic glutamate, GABAA, and serotonin binding sites in the hippocampus of seven inbred mouse strains and strain‐specific learning capacities in two types of maze were studied. Binding site densities were measured with quantitative receptor autoradiography. Learning capacities were determined in a water maze task as well as in spatial and nonspatial versions of an eight‐arm radial maze. The densities of most binding sites differed significantly between the strains in the subfields of Ammon's horn (CA1 and CA3) and the dentate gyrus, except for serotonin binding sites in CA1. By comparing the different strains, significant receptor–behavioral correlations between the densities of the GABAA receptors and the activity‐dependent behavior in the water maze as well as the spatial learning in the radial maze were found. The densities of D,L‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxalone propionate (AMPA) and kainate receptors correlated positively with learning capacity in the spatial eight‐arm radial maze. We conclude that hereditary variations mainly in AMPA, kainate, and GABAA receptor densities are involved in behavioral variations in spatial and nonspatial learning tasks. Hippocampus 10:213–225, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and Laboratory Studies of Live Attenuated RA 27/3 and HPV 77-DE Rubella Virus Vaccines

Abstract Comparative studies of RA 27/3 and HPV 77-DE rubella virus vaccines were carried out in children and adults. RA 27/3 vaccine induced antibody in a larger proportion of individuals and at a substantially higher titer level than did HPV 77-DE vaccine. Additionally, the RA 27/3 vaccine induced theta and iota antibodies that are commonly found after infection with rubella virus in nature. The greater serologic responses to RA 27/3 virus were achieved without any important increase in clinical reactions and there was no evidence for contagious spread of the infection. There was slightly greater occurrence of rash and lymphadenopathy after RA 27/3 vaccine compared with HPV 77-DE but the rate for occurrence of arthritis was substantially lower. Nearly 8000 initially seronegative persons received the RA 27/3 vaccine in the present studies. The seroconversion rate was 98% and there were no clinical reactions of importance. Follow-up studies showed undiminished retention of antibody titer for at least 2 years following vaccination with RA 27/3 vaccine.
Herbert A. Simon on making decisions: enduring insights and bounded rationality

Purpose – The paper aims to explore the life and contributions of one of the most influential management scholars (Herbert A. Simon), who is known as the founder and contributor to many scientific fields. Simon's interdisciplinary approach in conducting his research in management has made him a significant figure in many disciplines.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is of a qualitative nature, and information is collected from the books and articles that are written by Simon as well as those who have been familiar with his work. This paper concentrates on Simon's contribution to the decision‐making theory and, more specifically, his insights into the process of decision making in real world situations. It explores the tenets of the classical and neoclassical approach to decision making and argues that because of Simon's work, attention was diverted from concentration on studying the organizational structure to the behavior of the decision makers during the process of making decisions. This new orien.
Perceiving Biological Motion: Dissociating Visible Speech from Walking

Neuropsychological research suggests that the neural system underlying visible speech on the basis of kinematics is distinct from the system underlying visible speech of static images of the face and identifying whole-body actions from kinematics alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural systems underlying point-light visible speech, as well as perception of a walking/jumping point-light body, to determine if they are independent. Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas. Perception of walking biological motion activated a medial occipital area along the lingual gyrus close to the cuneus border, and the ventromedial frontal cortex, neither of which was activated by visible speech biological motion. In contrast, perception of visible speech biological motion activated right V5 and a network of motor-related areas (Broca's area, PM, M1, and supplementary motor area (SMA)), none of which were activated by walking biological motion. Many of the areas activated by seeing visible speech biological motion are similar to those activated while speechreading from an actual face, with the exception of M1 and medial SMA. The motor-related areas found to be active during point-light visible speech are consistent with recent work characterizing the human mirror system (Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996).
Prevalence of Prostate Cancer in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients

Aims: We aimed to assess the prevalence of prostate cancer in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by a large-scale, multicentric and prospective study, and to show the difference between ESRD patients and normal healthy subjects. Methods: The level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was measured in 724 male ESRD patients undergoing dialysis. Those patients whose serum PSA level was over 4.0 ng/ml underwent a second screening test. After diagnosis, the prevalence of prostate cancer was subsequently calculated following adjustments by logistic-regression analysis. The prevalence of prostate cancer was also assessed in three control groups who had undergone health checks. Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients was found to be 1.4%. Those of the control groups (after correction for age) were 0.4, 1.4 and 0.8%. The odds ratios were 3.49, 0.96 and 1.71. Conclusion: The prevalence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients was equal or higher compared with that of normal healthy subjects. The result strongly indicates that the use of the serum PSA assay contributes to the early detection of prostate cancer in ESRD patients.
Word Identification in Fluent Speech

Abstract A cross-modal lexical decision study explores whether temporary segmental ambiguity interferes with the process of word recognition. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects are presented with fragments of speech that can be segmented either as a longer carrier word (e.g., visite, Italian for visits) or as a shorter embedded word whose following word starts with a syllable similar to the last syllable of the carrier (e.g., visi tediati, Italian for faces bored). The resorts indicate that in the latter case, subjects are still entertaining the hypothesis that the carrier word is being presented when they hear the first syllable of the following word. Experiment 3 suggests that such difficulties in segmentation do not disappear when the ambiguous pairs of stimuli contain acoustic cues that could guide the subjects′ segmentation strategies. Finally, Experiment 4 shows that segmentation difficulties interfere with word recognition, altering the time-course of activation. The relevance of these results for current models of speech processing and their incompatibility with strictly sequential views of speech segmentation and word recognition are discussed.
Prophylactic red blood cell exchange may be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease in pregnancy

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with chronic hemolysis and painful episodes. Pregnancy accelerates sickle cell complications, including prepartum and postpartum vasoocclusive crisis, pulmonary complications, and preeclampsia or eclampsia. Fetal complications include preterm birth and its associated risks, intrauterine growth restriction, and a high rate of perinatal mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in patients with SCD who underwent planned preventive red blood cell exchange (RBCX).
It Flexibility and Competitive Performance: the Mediating Role of IT-Enabled Dynamic Capabilities

A question of central importance for researchers and practitioners is whether Information Technology (IT) can help build a competitive advantage in constantly changing environments. One characteristic of a firm’s IT infrastructure in particular, flexibility, has been posited as being a critical enabler in attaining competitive performance gains. Yet, despite this suggestion, there is scarce empirical evidence to support this claim, and even more, a lack of understanding of the mechanisms through which flexible IT infrastructure add value. Grounded on modular systems theory and the dynamic capabilities view of the firm, the notion of IT-enabled dynamic capabilities is put forth which emphasizes the key areas in which IT investments must be leveraged. A conceptual model is then developed to explain how IT flexibility leads to competitive performance gains. To test our hypotheses, a PLS-SEM analysis in performed on a sample of 274 international firms. Outcomes suggest that IT flexibility acts as an antecedent of IT-enabled dynamic capabilities, and that this association is positively moderated by decentralizing IT governance. The formation of IT-enabled dynamic capabilities is found to be an important driver for competitive performance. Results are discussed, while theoretical and practical implications are highlighted.
Optimization of shift work: physiological contributions.

Abstract Healthy subjects (n= 62) with different circadian phase positions worked up to six weeks in different shift systems. Rotation speed was experimentally varied. On shift days all subjects worked in the Institute but spent their leisure time as usual. In order to minimize bias through masking effects, ‘control days’ were interpolated (twice a week) into the shift periods. On these control days subjects remained on bedrest for 24 hours under constant conditions. Results were as follows: (i) The earlier the circadian phase position the poorer the adaptation to night-shifts. In particular, morning types were not able to adapt even to permanent night-shifts. (ii) Evening types were able to adjust their circadian systems to a slowly rotating shift system (rotation speed seven days) and a 25 h-sliding system though they failed to do so with more quickly rotating systems. Whereas indifferent subjects were not able to adjust to even the slowly rotating system. (iii) When stable phase shifts occurred in resp.
Expertise in biological conceptions: The case of the vineyard

To study how expertise impacts the understanding of a complex system like the vineyard, three measures were used with 259 participants (190 non-experts, 34 winemakers and/or winegrowers, and 35 biologists): a questionnaire to check for expertise (the Plant Biology Questionnaire), a task about the Structure, Behaviour and Function model, and a measure of the content of the participants’ discourse with the ALCESTE software. Results showed that biologists mentioned functions significantly more often than behaviours, whereas it was the opposite for winegrowers. Non-experts mentioned functions and behaviours significantly less frequently than experts did. The content analysis confirmed the differential expression of each kind of expertise: scientific wording for biologists, technical wording for winegrowers, and words focused on perceptible structures for the non-experts. Results from all tasks were highly correlated and allowed for an interpretation of expertise in terms of mental models of the vineyard.
The emergence during adolescence of gender differences in symptom reporting

Abstract This study investigates the psychological processes underlying established gender differences in physical and psychological symptom reporting. Adolescents (n = 548) from three age groups (13,14,15-years-old) were asked to complete measures of physical and psychological symptoms. They also completed a series of self-descriptions to assess feelings of competence, withdrawal, rejection, family support and social responsibility and a short self-esteem scale. Preliminary analyses confirmed previous findings, based on adult samples, of gender differences in the reported incidence of symptomatology, with girls reporting more symptoms than boys. However, gender differences were reduced substantially when self-reports of self-esteem, competence, withdrawal, rejection, family support and social responsibility were taken into account. Boys who reported more physical and psychological symptoms rated themselves to be less competent. However, there were no other differences between boys and girls. The analyses showed that symptom reports were mediated by adolescents' views about themselves, rather than directly associated with age or gender.