Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reference Dependence in Multilocation Newsvendor Models: A Structural Analysis

We propose a behavioral theory to predict actual ordering behavior in multi-location inventory systems. The theory rests on a well-known stylized fact of human behavior: People’s preferences are reference-dependent. We incorporate reference-dependence into the newsvendor framework by assuming that there are psychological costs of leftovers and stock outs. We also hypothesize that the psychological aversion to leftovers is greater than the disutility for stock outs. We then experimentally test the proposed theory in both the centralized and decentralized inventory structures using subjects motivated by substantial financial incentives. Consistent with the proposed theory, actual orders exhibit the so-called pull-to-center bias and the degree of bias is greater in the high-profit margin than in the low-profit margin condition. These systematic biases are shown to eliminate the risk pooling benefit when the demands across store locations are strongly correlated. Since the proposed model nests the standard inventory and ex-post inventory error minimization theories as special cases, one can systematically evaluate the predictive power of each alternative using the generalized likelihood principle. We structurally estimate all three theories using the experimental data and the estimation results strongly suggest that the proposed behavioral theory captures actual orders and profits better. We also conduct two experiments to validate the behavioral model by manipulating the relative salience of the psychological costs of leftovers versus that of stock outs to alleviate the pull-to-center bias. (
A 95 kDa protein of Plasmodium vivax and P. cynomolgi visualized by three‐dimensional tomography in the caveola–vesicle complexes (Schüffner's dots) of infected erythrocytes is a member of the PHIST family

Plasmodium vivax and P. cynomolgi produce numerous caveola–vesicle complex (CVC) structures within the surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. These contrast with the electron‐dense knob protrusions expressed at the surface of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocytes. Here we investigate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of the CVCs and the identity of a predominantly expressed 95 kDa CVC protein. Liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry analysis of immunoprecipitates by monoclonal antibodies from P. cynomolgi extracts identified this protein as a member of the Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) superfamily with a calculated mass of 81 kDa. We named the orthologous proteins PvPHIST/CVC‐8195 and PcyPHIST/CVC‐8195, analysed their structural features, including a PEXEL motif, repeated sequences and a C‐terminal PHIST domain, and show that PHIST/CVC‐8195 is most highly expressed in trophozoites. We generated images of CVCs in 3‐D using electron tomography (ET), and used immuno‐ET to show PHIST/CVC‐8195 localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the CVC tubular extensions. Targeted gene disruptions were attempted in vivo. The pcyphist/cvc‐8195 gene was not disrupted, but parasites containing episomes with the tgdhfr selection cassette were retrieved by selection with pyrimethamine. This suggests that PHIST/CVC‐8195 is essential for survival of these malaria parasites.
Diagnostic Efficacy and Prognostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin Concentration in Patients With Suspected Sepsis

Background: Procalcitonin is released in response to bacterial infection and it is not released in Inflammatory and viral diseases. Objective: To show the diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of procalcitonin for sepsis. Methods: A consecutive series of 103 patients with suspected sepsis were admitted to the intensive care unit over a 2-year period. During the first 24 hours of the admission procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and complement proteins were determined. The diagnostic efficacy was tested with predictive values, likelihood ratios, receiver operating characteristic curves, and multiple logistic regression. The association of procalcitonin with mortality was assessed by the Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Procalcitonin had a better positive likelihood ratio than C-reactive protein —2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.7) versus 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.9-1.2). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment yielded the highest discriminative value, with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.92), followed by procalcitonin (0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.89). Multivariate regression analysis showed procalcitonin (adjusted odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-11.8) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (adjusted odds ratio: 5.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4-19.9) as the only variables independently associated with infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that procalcitonin was not independently associated with mortality. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin was higher than C-reactive protein and complement proteins. Procalcitonin in combination with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment was useful to diagnose infection. C-reactive protein, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, age, and gender showed to be helpful to improve the prediction of mortality risk, but not procalcitonin.
Clinical Significance of Granuloma in Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is diagnosed from information obtained clinically, pathologically, and radiologically. One important pathologic finding is a granuloma, which is helpful when a positive diagnosis of CD will affect treatment. Whether the presence of a granuloma has any clinical implication is not clear. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether a granuloma found on a biopsy sample is associated with disease severity, fistulizing or perianal disease, frequent relapses, and extraintestinal manifestations. Eighty-two patients were identified who had a biopsy or bowel resection for CD between 1990 and 1994 at a tertiary referral center; 21 (25.6%) had a granuloma. This group was compared with a group of 61 patients without a granuloma. Forty-five percent were male (n = 37), mean age at diagnosis was 42.6 years (median, 39.5 years), mean disease duration at presentation was 8.8 years (median, 4.8 years), and mean follow-up duration was 2 years (range, 1 day to 10.2 years). No significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups by the Fisher exact test with regard to fistulizing or perianal disease, oral aphthous ulcers, disease severity, axial or peripheral arthralgia, episcleritis, anterior uveitis, erythema nodosum, or pyoderma gangrenosum.
Is healthy eating for obese children necessarily more costly for families?

BACKGROUND During consultations on weight management in childhood obesity clinics, the additional costs incurred by healthy eating are often cited, as an economic barrier to achieving a better nutritional balance. AIM To examine whether adopting an improved theoretical, balanced diet compared to current dietary habits in children incurs additional cost. DESIGN AND SETTING Children aged 5-16 years (body mass index [BMI] ≥98th percentile) recruited to a randomised trial comparing a hospital-based and primary care childhood obesity clinics provided data for this study. METHOD Three-day dietary diaries collected at baseline were analysed for energy and fat intake and then compared to a theoretical, adjusted healthy-eating diet based on the Food Standards Agency, 'Eatwell plate'. Both were priced contemporaneously using the appropriate portion size, at a neighbourhood, mid-range supermarket, at a budget supermarket, and on the local high street. RESULTS The existing diet purchased at a budget supermarket was cheapest (£2.48/day). The healthier, alternative menu at the same shop cost an additional 33 pence/day (£2.81). The same exercise in a mid-range supermarket, incurred an additional cost of 4 pence per day (£3.40 versus £3.44). Switching from an unhealthy mid-range supermarket menu to the healthier, budget-outlet alternative saved 59 pence per day. The healthier, alternative menu was cheaper than the existing diet if purchased on the high street (£3.58 versus £3.75), although for both menus this was most expensive. CONCLUSION For many obese children, eating healthily would not necessarily incur prohibitive, additional financial cost, although a poor diet at a budget supermarket remains the cheapest of all options. Cost is a possible barrier to healthy eating for the most economically disadvantaged.
To be or not to be – able to dance: integrated dance and children’s perceptions of dance ability and disability

This study investigated children’s perceptions of dance ability and disability and changes to perceptions following participation in an integrated dance program. Focus group interviews, field notes and observations were used with children with physical disabilities (n = 5) and without disabilities (n = 9) between the ages six and nine before and after their participation in an integrated dance program. Ableism, contact theory and aspects of the situative approach to knowledge construction served as theoretical frameworks. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Pre-program interviews revealed three common themes: all kinds of moves, like ballet and dance ability = turning/jumping. In addition, three themes emerged from interviews with able-bodied participants: can’t walk/can’t dance, passivity and different because. Post-program interviews revealed two common themes: emotional/physical and body parts/levels. In addition two themes emerged describing able-bodied children’s perceptions: can’t walk/CAN dance and different because-equipment. One theme emerged post-program describing perceptions of participants with disabilities: competence. Participation in an integrated dance program can have a positive impact on children’s perceptions of dance ability and a more subtle impact on able-bodied children’s perceptions of disability.
Gastarbeiter und Wirtschaftsentwicklung im Nachkriegsdeutschland

Caused by the large economic and demographic challenges, the need of an active German immigration policy is currently debated. Therefore, it seems useful to learn the lessons of the guestworker regime after World War II, the first and substantial economically motivated immigration policy in Germany. This paper provides an overview of the German guestworker policy regime. First, the institutional and legal framework is studied. Second, the structure and distribution of migration is documented. Third, the paper investigates the effects of the employment of guestworkers on the labor market and the development of the German economy. It is shown that the guestworker regime of the 1960s and early 1970s has provided small income gains for native workers. However, the distributional effects associated with such general gains are shown to be remarkable. There were large income losses of unskilled labor and substantial income gains of skilled labor and capital. Hence, the effects of active recruitment of foreign labor on economic growth tended to be small. However, there is also evidence that the employment of guestworkers has provided a cyclical buffer for native employment. All in all it can be concluded that the guestworker regime was economically successful.
Excited-state-absorption and upconversion studies of Nd3+-doped single crystals Y3Al5O12, YLiF4, and LaMgAl11O19.

In this paper we derive expressions for the laser slope efficiency and the threshold absorbed pump power which explicitly include excited-state absorption in the pump as well as in the laser-emission-wavelength domains. They are applied to the case of the diode-pumped ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped laser systems and, along with expressions allowing the calculation of excited-state-absorption (ESA) cross sections within the framework of the Judd-Ofelt theory, they provide a theoretical framework for the second part in which we present both experimental measurements and theoretical calibrations and an analysis of excited-state-absorption spectra in the stimulated emission as well as in the pumping domains of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$-doped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, ${\mathrm{YLiF}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{LaMgAl}}_{11}$${\mathrm{O}}_{19}$ laser crystals. The results indicate that ESA in the infrared metastable state of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in these materials is negligible at the main laser wavelengths but can be more significant if it takes place, following some energy-transfer induced-excitation process, in higher-lying excited states. The analysis of these ESA within the Judd-Ofelt formalism shows a general agreement better than 50% between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions. This is used to estimate the influence of ESA in the pumping domain on the laser performance of the materials. It is found that it contributes but that it does not significantly perturb this laser performance, and that this effect is much less than some upconversion energy transfers that limit the fluorescence excitation efficiencies and reduce the energy-storage capacities by the reduction of the effective fluorescence lifetimes of the laser metastable level.
Take the Money and Run: Psychopathic Behavior in the Trust Game

We study the association among different sources of individual differences such as personality, cognitive ability and risk attitudes with trust and reciprocate behavior in an incentivized experimental binary trust game in a sample of 220 (138 females) undergraduate students. The game involves two players, player 1 (P1) and player 2 (P2). In the first stage, P1 decides whether to trust and let P2 decide, or to secure an egalitarian payoff for both players. If P1 trusts P2, the latter can choose between a symmetric payoff that is double than the secure alternative discarded by P1, and an asymmetric payoff in which P2 earns more than in any other case but makes P1 worse off. Before the main experiment, we obtained participants’ scores for Abstract Reasoning (AR), risk attitudes, basic personality characteristics, and specific traits such as psychopathy and impulsivity. During the main experiment, we measured Heart Rate (HR) and ElectroDermal Activity (EDA) variation to account for emotional arousal caused by the decision and feedback processes. Our main findings indicate that, on one hand, P1 trust behavior associates to positive emotionality and, specifically, to the extraversion’s warmth facet. In addition, the impulsivity facet of positive urgency also favors trust behavior. No relation to trusting behavior was found for either other major personality aspects or risk attitudes. The physiological results show that participants scoring high in psychopathy exhibit increased EDA and reduced evoked HR deceleration at the moment in which they are asked to decide whether or not to trust. Regarding P2, we find that AR ability and mainly low disagreeable disinhibition favor reciprocal behavior. Specifically, lack of reciprocity significantly relates with a psychopathic, highly disinhibited and impulsive personality. Thus, the present study suggests that personality characteristics would play a significant role in different behaviors underlying cooperation, with extraversion/positive emotionality being more relevant for initiating cooperation, and low disagreeable disinhibition for maintaining it.
Preceding phonetic context affects perception of nonspeech (L)

A discrimination paradigm was used to detect the influence of phonetic context on speech (experiment 1a) and nonspeech (experiment 1b) stimuli. Results of experiment 1a were consistent with the previously observed phonetic context effect of liquid consonants (/l/ and /r/) on subsequent stop consonant (/g/ and /d/) perception. Experiment 1b demonstrated a context effect of liquid consonants on subsequent nonspeech sounds that were spectrally similar to the stop consonants. The results are consistent with findings that implicate spectral contrast in phonetic context effects.
Male Preservice Teachers and Discouragement from Teaching

Driven largely by concerns over boys' education, countries worldwide have seen crisis discourses over small numbers of male teachers, particularly those teaching young children. Despite public desires and policy movements to increase their numbers, important barriers and challenges remain for male teachers. Preservice teachers' experiences, especially, might illuminate challenges to the recruitment and retention of males. Using a (pro)feminist, social interactionist framework and qualitative discourse analysis methods, this study examines discouragements from peers, family, and teacher education as faced by three male student teachers. These included gendered teasing about the ease of and “cuteness” required in education coursework, gendered objections to “wasting” their ability, and gendered suspicions of sexual predation. The analysis focuses on strategic performances the men used to cope with discouragements and persist in teaching. I argue that foregrounding such performances can disrupt barriers for males and thus increase their numbers.
Sleep and Its Association With Socioeconomic Status, Health, and Risky Behaviors Among Ghanaian School Children

Socioeconomic differences in sleep and how sleep relates to health and risky behaviors among 12- to 18-year-old Ghanaians (N = 1,195) were investigated. Overall, 49.2% of boys and 60.8% of girls had inadequate sleep. Girls (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–2.0) and older (16- to 18-year-olds) adolescents (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–2.1) had higher probability of inadequate sleep than boys and younger (12- to 15-year-old) adolescents, respectively. High material affluence, low parental education, low parental occupational grade, drunkenness, marijuana use, drug use, and not having plans to continue schooling after graduation decreased the chances of inadequate sleep, while low school performance, low fruit and vegetable intake, and tiredness during daytime increased the probability of inadequate sleep. Promotion of adequate sleep and gender equality should be taken into consideration in adolescent health promotion programs.
BalkaNet : Aims , Methods , Results and Perspectives . A General Overview

BalkaNet is an EC funded project (IST-2000-29388) that started in September 2001 and will end in August 2004. It aims at developing [109] aligned wordnets for the following Balkan languages: Bulgarian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish and to extend the Czech wordnet previously developed in the EuroWordNet project. BalkaNet project has insofar delivered many useful results in the fields of both Computational Lexicography and Natural Language Processing. However, most of these results have been only partially disseminated in different conferences and journals. This is the first attempt to provide an overall description of the findings, methodologies and results of the project as well as a detailed account on each monolingual wordnet. The paper also presents the freeware multilingual tools designed for the development, maintenance and efficient exploitation of the aligned BalkaNet wordnets. A preliminary approach on BalkaNet’s application towards indexing Web documents and Information Retrieval is described, following the consideration that semantic networks are valuable in the context of real world systems and user communities. Last but not least, a rather thorough analyses of wordnet applications over the last years is intended to put in evidence the hottest themes for further developments based on wordnets. The ultimate objective of this contribution is to spread the knowledge and experience that we have acquired, to the benefit of the research and industrial communities. We also hope that our shared experience will be helpful for other wordnet-builders. 10 D. Tufiş, D. Cristea, S. Stamou
SPOKES-CHARACTERS : Creating Character Trust and Positive Brand Attitudes

Spokes-characters have appeared in numerous promotion campaigns throughout the past century. While interest in these characters has evolved over time, a substantial portion of the research concerning characters has emerged during this past decade. Yet there exists a research gap concerning the impact of specific spokes-character features on brand-related outcomes. In this study, we address this gap and extend this stream of literature with the first empirical examination of the relationship between specific spokes-character features and brand attitude. Based on the tested moderated mediation model, our results show that spokes-character trust is an important mediator of the effects of spokes-character features on brand attitude. The model also indicates that brand experience significantly moderates the effect of spokes-character trust on brand attitude. Thus, spokes-character features result in more favorable brand attitudes for consumers with less brand experience, whereas spokes-character features have little effect on brand attitudes for consumers with more experience with the brand.
Adoption Competent Clinical Practice: Defining Its Meaning and Development

The need for adoption competent mental health services has been well documented. However, the term “adoption-competent” has lacked a standardized, broadly accepted definition. This article reports findings from two related studies. The first examines how adoption competencies are demonstrated in practice by clinicians participating in an evidence-informed adoption competency training program. The second is an online survey designed to determine whether members of adoption kinship networks agree with a definition of an adoption competent mental health professional developed by experts. Both studies contribute to our understanding of what constitutes “adoption competent” clinical practice.