Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4 ILAR Journal NSCs are present in the CNS throughout life in the adult human brain , in both the SVZ (

Considerable attention has focused on the study of neural stem cells (NSCs) as therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. The mammalian brain harbors NSCs throughout life mainly in the subventricular zone (SVZ) as well as the subgranular zone. NSCs in the SVZ are a specialized subpopulation of astrocytes that maintain contact with the ventricle and vascular structures. Components of the SVZ microenvironment, or niche, include intercellular interactions, extracellular matrix proteins, and soluble factors, all of which aid in NSC proliferation, self-renewal, and multipotentiality. Multiple studies demonstrate that endogenous neurogenesis responds to insults such as ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases, and even brain tumors, supporting the existence of remarkable plasticity and signifi cant regenerative potential in the mammalian brain. Further, in response to recruitment cues from damaged brain tissue NSCs not only “home” to sites of disease but also integrate into functional tissues and appear to acquire the morphological and physiological properties of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In this review we focus on neurogenesis in the SVZ and on recruitment cues that promote homing and integration of NSCs to sites of disease in the brain. We also discuss animal models of important human neurodegenerative diseases in which transplantation of neural stem cells has been tested.
A configurable high-throughput linear sorter system

Popular sorting algorithms do not translate well into hardware implementations. Instead, hardware-based solutions like sorting networks and linear sorters exploit parallelism to increase sorting efficiency. Linear sorters, built from identical nodes with simple control, have less area and latency than sorting networks, but they are limited in their throughput. We present a system composed of multiple linear sorters acting in parallel in order to increase throughput. Interleaving is used to increase bandwidth and allow sorting of multiple values per clock cycle, and the amount of interleaving and depth of the linear sorters can be adapted to suit specific applications. Implementation of this system into a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) results in a speedup of 68 compared to quicksort running in a MicroBlaze processor.
Changes in Parental Time with Children in China, 2004–2011

Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this research addresses the limitations of previous research on parental involvement in childcare in China by examining the cohort variations in parents’ childcare time and exploring the influences of individual characteristics on childcare for each parent within the family. The results show that while the trend in men’s childcare time increased from 2004 to 2011, women’s childcare time slightly decreased over the same period; however, while women spent more childcare time in more recent cohorts relative to earlier cohorts, there is no significant change across men’s cohorts.
Routing betweenness centrality

Betweenness-Centrality measure is often used in social and computer communication networks to estimate the potential monitoring and control capabilities a vertex may have on data flowing in the network. In this article, we define the Routing Betweenness Centrality (RBC) measure that generalizes previously well known Betweenness measures such as the Shortest Path Betweenness, Flow Betweenness, and Traffic Load Centrality by considering network flows created by arbitrary loop-free routing strategies. We present algorithms for computing RBC of all the individual vertices in the network and algorithms for computing the RBC of a given group of vertices, where the RBC of a group of vertices represents their potential to collaboratively monitor and control data flows in the network. Two types of collaborations are considered: (i) conjunctive—the group is a sequences of vertices controlling traffic where all members of the sequence process the traffic in the order defined by the sequence and (ii) disjunctive—the group is a set of vertices controlling traffic where at least one member of the set processes the traffic. The algorithms presented in this paper also take into consideration different sampling rates of network monitors, accommodate arbitrary communication patterns between the vertices (traffic matrices), and can be applied to groups consisting of vertices and/or edges. For the cases of routing strategies that depend on both the source and the target of the message, we present algorithms with time complexity of O(n2m) where n is the number of vertices in the network and m is the number of edges in the routing tree (or the routing directed acyclic graph (DAG) for the cases of multi-path routing strategies). The time complexity can be reduced by an order of n if we assume that the routing decisions depend solely on the target of the messages. Finally, we show that a preprocessing of O(n2m) time, supports computations of RBC of sequences in O(kn) time and computations of RBC of sets in O(n3n) time, where k in the number of vertices in the sequence or the set.
Symptomatology and family functioning in children and adolescents with comorbid anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in youth are associated with more severe symptomatology and family dysfunction than either disorder alone. Our aim was to replicate and extend past findings by expanding the definition of comorbidity to include comorbid subthreshold symptoms (i.e., symptoms fall below the diagnostic criteria cut-off of a disorder). METHOD A clinic-based sample of 193 youth (aged 4-18) and maternal caregivers completed measures assessing the youth's internalizing symptoms and family functioning. RESULTS Comorbid youth endorsed more severe anxiety symptoms and family dysfunction than anxiety-only youth. By contrast, comorbid youth did not endorse more severe depression symptoms or family dysfunction compared to youth with depression only. Similar results were found for maternal reports of internalizing symptoms, but maternal reports of family functioning yielded no group differences. CONCLUSIONS This study replicates past findings that the presence of comorbid depression in anxious youth is associated with severe anxiety and family dysfunction. Our findings also suggest that subthreshold depressive symptoms in anxious youth relate to the severity of symptomatology and family dysfunction reported, but subthreshold anxiety symptoms in depressed youth do not. Longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the etiology and developmental course of this comorbidity.
Dense Probabilistic Encryption

This paper describes a method of dense probabilistic encryption. Previous probabilistic encryption methods require large numbers of random bits and product large amounts of ciphertext for the encryption of each bit of plaintext. This paper develops a method of probabilistic encryption in which the ratio of ciphertext text size to plaintext size and theproportion of random bits to plaintext can both be made arbitrarily close to one. The methods described here have applications which are not in any apparent way possible with previous methods. These applications include simple and efficient protocols for noninteractive verifiable secret sharing and a method for conducting practical and verifiable secret-ballot elections.
Bimodal gas accretion in the Horizon–MareNostrum galaxy formation simulation

The physics of diffuse gas accretion and the properties of the cold and hot modes of accretion on to proto-galaxies between z= 2 and 5.4 is investigated using the large cosmological simulation performed with the ramses code on the MareNostrum supercomputing facility. Galactic winds, chemical enrichment, ultraviolet background heating and radiative cooling are taken into account in this very high resolution simulation. Using accretion-weighted temperature histograms, we have performed two different measurements of the thermal state of the gas accreted towards the central galaxy. The first measurement, performed using accretion-weighted histograms on a spherical surface of radius 0.2Rvir centred on the densest gas structure near the halo centre of mass, is a good indicator of the presence of an accretion shock in the vicinity of the galactic disc. We define the hot shock mass, Mshock, as the typical halo mass separating cold dominated from hot dominated accretion in the vicinity of the galaxy. The second measurement is performed by radially averaging histograms between 0.2Rvir and Rvir, in order to detect radially extended structures such as gas filaments: this is a good proxy for detecting cold streams feeding the central galaxy. We define Mstream as the transition mass separating cold dominated from hot dominated accretion in the outer halo, marking the disappearance of these cold streams. We find a hot shock transition mass of Mshock= 1011.6 M⊙ (dark matter), with no significant evolution with redshift. Conversely, we find that Mstream increases sharply with z. Our measurements are in agreement with the analytical predictions of Birnboim & Dekel and Dekel & Birnboim, if we correct their model by assuming low metallicity(≤10−3 Z⊙)for the filaments, correspondingly to our measurements. Metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium is therefore a key ingredient in determining the transition mass from cold to hot dominated diffuse gas accretion. We find that the diffuse cold gas supply at the inner halo stops at z= 2 for objects with stellar masses of about 1011.1 M⊙, which is close to the quenching mass determined observationally by Bundy et al. However, its evolution with z is not well constrained, making it difficult to rule out or confirm the need for an additional feedback process such as active galactic nuclei.
COMBINING LEAN CONSTRUCTION WITH MATURITY MODELS

It has been widely acknowledged that maturity models provide organisations with benefits when implementing a change or improvement strategy. The construction industry has shown particular interest in maturity models as it increasingly seeks to manage organisational change. One type of change some organisations in the construction industry are seeking to manage is the implementation of Lean Construction (LC). The aim of this research is to explore the benefits of bringing together LC and maturity models. Hence data relating to the views on the topic amongst eleven LC practitioners, based in six different countries, was gathered through interviews. The qualitative data collected were analysed using the framework approach. The findings reveal that some of the interviewees already take advantage of maturity models in their practices. Further the findings unearth new potential benefits, applications and possible limitations from the use of maturity models in LC. Overall the data supports the tentative proposition that a focus on investigating a synthesis of the maturity model and LC concepts is a worthy avenue of further research for the academic community in construction management. As a pre-cursor to such investigation the paper introduces a framework of attributes of LC maturity, which is derived from the results of the interviews.
Barriers to organizational learning: a case study of a change project

An attempt is made in this article to identify the success and failure factors in organizational change and learning process. The empirical study was made by following an organization-wide project that aims at changing pricing practices in highly decentralized sub-units through the efforts of corporate head office. The results show that the highly decentralized organizational structure and the independent financial status of the sub-units have proved to be the barriers to learning and change. In this paper we outline those barriers of organizational learning that occurred in the case of study.
Voters Can Have Strong Incentives To Become Informed, Or To Be Strategically Ignorant

Before an election, two candidates choose policies which are lotteries over election-day distributive positions. I find conditions under which there exist mixed-strategy probabilistic-voting equilibria which are independent, treating voter groups independently. When voter efforts determine the quality of their signals regarding candidate positions, voters can have strong incentives regarding their visible efforts made before candidates choose policies. Also, scale economies in group information production can make voters prefer large groups. Even with zero information costs, however, voters can ex ante prefer ignorance to full information. Optimal ignorance emphasizes negative over positive news, and induces candidates to take stable positions.
Learning and restricted perceptions in the New Keynesian Model

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse von optimaler Geldpolitik, unter der Annahme, dass Erwartungen des privaten Sektors auf okonometrischen Modellen beruhen. Adaptives Lernens wird als minimale, wenngleich notwendige Abweichung vom Konzept der Rationalen Erwartungen (Muth, 1960) dargestellt. Die Implikationen dieser Annahme werden fur das "New Keynesian" Modell analysiert. Bedingungen werden charakterisiert unter welchen die kontinuierliche Aktualisierung der okonometrischen Modelle und der damit verbundenen subjektiven Erwartungen zu einem Gleichgewicht Rationaler Erwartungen (REE) fuhren kann. Diese Bedingungen werden als notwendige Voraussetzung fur die Plausibilitat eines REE prasentiert und der Forderung nach Determiniertheit des Gleichgewichts gegenubergestellt. Aufgrund dieser Untersuchungen wird argumentiert, dass die Orientierung einer optimalen Geldpolitik an subjektiven Erwartungen, der Stabilitat des Gleichgewichts forderlich ist. Abschliesend wird die Relevanz einer transparenten Geldpolitik besprochen und in diesem Zusammenhang das Konzept des Gleichgewichts eingeschrankter Wahrnehmungen (Restricted Perceptions Equilibrium) erlautert.
Rising Tides or Rising Stars?: Dynamics of Shared Attention on Twitter during Media Events

“Media events” generate conditions of shared attention as many users simultaneously tune in with the dual screens of broadcast and social media to view and participate. We examine how collective patterns of user behavior under conditions of shared attention are distinct from other “bursts” of activity like breaking news events. Using 290 million tweets from a panel of 193,532 politically active Twitter users, we compare features of their behavior during eight major events during the 2012 U.S. presidential election to examine how patterns of social media use change during these media events compared to “typical” time and whether these changes are attributable to shifts in the behavior of the population as a whole or shifts from particular segments such as elites. Compared to baseline time periods, our findings reveal that media events not only generate large volumes of tweets, but they are also associated with (1) substantial declines in interpersonal communication, (2) more highly concentrated attention by replying to and retweeting particular users, and (3) elite users predominantly benefiting from this attention. These findings empirically demonstrate how bursts of activity on Twitter during media events significantly alter underlying social processes of interpersonal communication and social interaction. Because the behavior of large populations within socio-technical systems can change so dramatically, our findings suggest the need for further research about how social media responses to media events can be used to support collective sensemaking, to promote informed deliberation, and to remain resilient in the face of misinformation.
Limits of Electoral Predictions Using Twitter

Using social media for political discourse is becoming common practice, especially around election time. One interesting aspect of this trend is the possibility of pulsing the public’s opinion about the elections, and that has attracted the interest of many researchers and the press. Allegedly, predicting electoral outcomes from social media data can be feasible and even simple. Positive results have been reported, but without an analysis on what principle enables them. Our work puts to test the purported predictive power of socialmedia metrics against the 2010 US congressional elections. Here, we applied techniques that had reportedly led to positive election predictions in the past, on the Twitter data collected from the 2010 US congressional elections. Unfortunately, we find no correlation between the analysis results and the electoral outcomes, contradicting previous reports. Observing that 80 years of polling research would support our findings, we argue that one should not be accepting predictions about events using social media data as a black box. Instead, scholarly research should be accompanied by a model explaining the predictive power of social media, when there is one.
The Risk of Nosocomial Infection with Multidrug-Resistant Corynebacterium urealyticum After Prostate Cancer Surgery

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a Gram-positive, lipophilic, multidrug resistant, and urease positive microorganism with diph-theroid morphology. C. urealyticum causes several diseases such as urinary tract infection, chronic urological disease, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia in immunocompromised individuals. This study reports a rare case with nosocomial infection and hematuria caused by multidrug-resistant C. urealyticum after prostate cancer surgery. Â© 2019, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.
Passivity-based control of boost converters using PLL

In the context that involves low and medium powers, boost-type converters have high performance and is therefore strongly recommended to work in regulated sources. However, without adequate control such converters eventually provide high levels of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) and low power factor (pf). In this way, different authors validated the passivity-based control (PBC) applied to static converters. However, through these studies it was observed that the quality of results is associated with the input signal voltage. Thus, the insertion of the PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) is justified by the poor quality of networks in general. That is usually the power supply voltages are not purely sinusoidal and have very harmonic content. Thus, lower THD levels can be obtained by adding the PLL for imposing a sinusoidal reference signal to the input voltage.
Cytokine Production by Vγ+-T-Cell Subsets Is an Important Factor Determining CD4+-Th-Cell Phenotype and Susceptibility of BALB/c Mice to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis

ABSTRACT Two coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) variants (H3 and H310A1) differ by a single amino acid mutation in the VP2 capsid protein. H3 induces severe myocarditis in BALB/c mice, but H310A1 is amyocarditic. Infection with H3, but not H310A1, preferentially activates Vγ4 Vδ4 cells, which are strongly positive for gamma interferon (IFN-γ), whereas Vγ1 Vδ4 cells are increased in both H3 and H310A1 virus-infected animals. Depletion of Vγ1+ cells using monoclonal anti-Vγ1 antibody enhanced myocarditis and CD4+-, IFN-γ+-cell responses in both H3- and H310A1-infected mice yet decreased the CD4+-, IL-4+-cell response. Depleting Vγ4+ cells suppressed myocarditis and reduced CD4+IFN-γ+ cells but increased CD4+IL-4+ T cells. The role of cytokine production by Vγ1+ and Vγ4+ T cells was investigated by adoptively transferring these cells isolated from H3-infected BALB/c Stat4 knockout (Stat4ko) (defective in IFN-γ expression) or BALB/c Stat6ko (defective in IL-4 expression) mice into H3 virus-infected wild-type BALB/c recipients. Vγ4 and Vγ1+ T cells from Stat4ko mice expressed IL-4 but no or minimal IFN-γ, whereas these cell populations derived from Stat6ko mice expressed IFN-γ but no IL-4. Stat4ko Vγ1+ cells (IL-4+) suppress myocarditis. Stat6ko Vγ1+ cells (IFN-γ+) were not inhibitory. Stat6ko Vγ4+ cells (IFN-γ+) significantly enhanced myocarditis. Stat4ko Vγ4+ cells (IL-4+) neither inhibited nor enhanced disease. These results show that distinct γδ-T-cell subsets control myocarditis susceptibility and bias the CD4+-Th-cell response. The cytokines produced by the Vγ subpopulation have a significant influence on the CD4+-Th-cell phenotype.
Three‐dimensional Bayesian geostatistical aquifer characterization at the Hanford 300 Area using tracer test data

Tracer tests performed under natural or forced gradient flow conditions can provide useful information for characterizing subsurface properties, through monitoring, modeling, and interpretation of the tracer plume migration in an aquifer. Nonreactive tracer experiments were conducted at the Hanford 300 Area, along with constant‐rate injection tests and electromagnetic borehole flowmeter tests. A Bayesian data assimilation technique, the method of anchored distributions (MAD) (Rubin et al., 2010), was applied to assimilate the experimental tracer test data with the other types of data and to infer the three‐dimensional heterogeneous structure of the hydraulic conductivity in the saturated zone of the Hanford formation.In this study, the Bayesian prior information on the underlying random hydraulic conductivity field was obtained from previous field characterization efforts using constant‐rate injection and borehole flowmeter test data. The posterior distribution of the conductivity field was obtained by further conditioning the field on the temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves at various observation wells. MAD was implemented with the massively parallel three‐dimensional flow and transport code PFLOTRAN to cope with the highly transient flow boundary conditions at the site and to meet the computational demands of MAD. A synthetic study proved that the proposed method could effectively invert tracer test data to capture the essential spatial heterogeneity of the three‐dimensional hydraulic conductivity field. Application of MAD to actual field tracer data at the Hanford 300 Area demonstrates that inverting for spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity under transient flow conditions is challenging and more work is needed.