Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shades of Grey : Opening up a Software Producing Organization with the Open Software Enterprise Model

Software producing organizations are frequently judged by others for being ‘open’ or ‘closed’, where a more ‘closed’ organization is seen as being detrimental to its software ecosystem. These qualifications can harm the reputation of these companies, for they are deemed to promote vendor lock-in, use closed data formats, and are seen as using intellectual property laws to harm others. These judgements, however, are frequently based on speculation and the need arises for a method to establish openness of an organization, such that decisions are no longer based on prejudices, but on an objective assessment of the practices of a software producing organization. In this article the open software enterprise model is presented that enables one to establish the degree of openness of a software producing organization. The model has been evaluated in five interviews, is illustrated using three case studies, and shows that organizational openness and transparency are complex variables, that should not be determined based on belief or prejudice. Furthermore, the model can be used by software producing organizations as a reference for further opening up their business, to stimulate the surrounding software ecosystem, and further their business goals.
Collaborative e-learning - an opportunity to identify and to overcome gender barriers

The gender concept in general, different from the bi-polar sex concept, considers differences between male and female behavior and their norm/value system as socially and culturally constructed. To establish equality between women and men is not a moral imperative only but „a worthy goal that is central to progress in human development“ and a „way to promote prosperity and well-being for all“
Diverse and abundant multi-drug resistant E. coli in Matang mangrove estuaries, Malaysia

E.coli, an important vector distributing antimicrobial resistance in the environment, was found to be multi-drug resistant, abundant, and genetically diverse in the Matang mangrove estuaries, Malaysia. One-third (34%) of the estuarine E. coli was multi-drug resistant. The highest antibiotic resistance prevalence was observed for aminoglycosides (83%) and beta-lactams (37%). Phylogenetic groups A and B1, being the most predominant E. coli, demonstrated the highest antibiotic resistant level and prevalence of integrons (integron I, 21%; integron II, 3%). Detection of phylogenetic group B23 downstream of fishing villages indicates human fecal contamination as a source of E. coli pollution. Enteroaggregative E. coli (1%) were also detected immediately downstream of the fishing village. The results indicated multi-drug resistance among E. coli circulating in Matang estuaries, which could be reflective of anthropogenic activities and aggravated by bacterial and antibiotic discharges from village lack of a sewerage system, aquaculture farms and upstream animal husbandry.
Identifying behaviors that generate positive interactions between science museums and people on Twitter

ABSTRACT While most museums maintain active Twitter accounts, few use the social media platform in a productive manner. This study provides a detailed examination of how science museums use Twitter and suggests changes these museums should make to improve their current approach on this social media platform. A total of 5278 tweets from 27 science museums were analyzed to determine what type of tweet yields the greatest impact measured in retweets and favorites. Of those, 1422 tweets were selected for additional analysis. The results indicate that tweets with educational content lead to the greatest number of retweets and favorites. Suggestions for existing museums to improve their use of Twitter, especially with respect to improving marketing-related tweets, were created using the results of this study.
Line formation in solar granulation IV. (O I), O I and OH lines and the photospheric O abundance

The solar photospheric oxygen abundance has been determined from (O I), O I, OH vibration-rotation and OH pure rotation lines by means of a realistic time-dependent, 3D, hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere. In the case of the O I lines, 3D non-LTE calculations have been performed, revealing significant departures from LTE as a result of photon loss es in the lines. We derive a solar oxygen abundance of log ǫO = 8.66 ± 0.05. All oxygen diagnostics yield highly consistent abundances, in sharp contrast with the results of classical 1D model atmospheres. This low value is in good agreement with measurements of the local interstellar medium and nearby B stars. This low abundance is also supported by the excellent correspondence between lines of very different line formation sensitivities, and between the observed and predicted line shapes and center-to-limb variations. Together with the corresponding down-ward revisions of the solar carbon, nitrogen and neon abundances, the resulting significant decrease in solar met al mass fraction to Z = 0.0126 can, however, potentially spoil the impressive agreement between predicted and observed sound speed in the solar interior determined from helioseismology.
Contest Competition in Men

In this chapter, we explore howmen’s phenotypes, including their psychologies, have been shaped by an evolutionary history of contest competition. Sometimes called intrasexual selection, contest competition is one of several mechanisms of sexual selection and involves the use of force or threat of force to exclude same-sex competitors from mating opportunities (Andersson, 1994). Other mechanisms of sexual selection include mate choice (favoring ornaments and displays for attracting mates), sperm competition (occurring when multiple males’ sperm occupy a female’s reproductive tract during one fertile period), and sexual coercion. Multiple mecha­ nisms of sexual selection can operate simultaneously in one species. We begin by evaluating the intensity of sexual selection in men. For sexual selection to shape a trait, the trait must be partly heritable, it must influence mating success, and mating success must influence reproductive success (Jones, 2009). Thus, we assess the association between mating and reproductive success using such conventional corre­ lates as the operational sex ratio, parental investment, reproductive rate, and repro­ ductive variance.We then examine correlations betweenmale phenotypes andmating and reproductive success. Next, we use a comparative and functional approach to evaluate the extent to which, and in what ways, men’s phenotypes were shaped by contest competition. Finally, we explore how contests may have contributed to male mating and reproductive success over human evolution.
Wavelet spectra compared to Fourier spectra

The relation between Fourier spectra and spectra obtained from wavelet analysis is established. Small scale asymptotic analysis shows that the wavelet spectrum is meaningful only when the analyzing wavelet has enough vanishing moments. These results are related to regularity theorems in Besov spaces. For the analysis of infinitely regular signals, a new wavelet, with an infinite number of cancellations is proposed.
Detection by PCR-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Clostridium botulinum in Fish and Environmental Samples from a Coastal Area in Northern France

ABSTRACT The prevalence of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F was determined in 214 fresh fish and environmental samples collected in Northern France. A newly developed PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) used in this survey detected more than 80% of samples inoculated with fewer than 10 C. botulinum spores per 25 g and 100% of samples inoculated with more than 30 C. botulinum spores per 25 g. The percent agreement between PCR-ELISA and mouse bioassay was 88.9%, and PCR-ELISA detected more positive samples than the mouse bioassay did. The prevalence of C. botulinum in seawater fish and sediment was 16.6 and 4%, respectively, corresponding to 3.5 to 7 and 1 to 2 C. botulinum most-probable-number counts, respectively, and is in the low range of C. botulinum contamination reported elsewhere. The toxin type identification of the 31 naturally contaminated samples was 71% type B, 22.5% type A, and 9.6% type E. Type F was not detected. The high prevalence of C. botulinum type B in fish samples is relatively unusual compared with the high prevalence of C. botulinum type E reported in many worldwide and northern European surveys. However, fish processing and fish preparation in France have not been identified as a significant hazard for human type B botulism.
The Dynamic Nature of Top-Down Signals Originating from Prefrontal Cortex: A Combined fMRI–TMS Study

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is proposed to be the source of top-down signals that can modulate extrastriate visual processing in accordance with behavioral goals, yet little direct causal evidence for this hypothesis exists. Using theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation, we disrupted PFC function in human participants before performing a working memory task during fMRI scanning. PFC disruption decreased the tuning of extrastriate cortex responses, coinciding with decrements in working memory performance. We also found that activity in the homologous PFC region in the nonstimulated hemisphere predicted performance following disruption. Specifically, those participants with greater homologous PFC activity and greater connectivity between this region and extrastriate cortex were the most resistant to PFC disruption. These findings provide evidence for a compensatory mechanism following insults to the brain, and insight into the dynamic nature of top-down signals originating from the PFC.
Perversity of enjoyment? Preschool music activities go neoliberal

Abstract There is a lack of empirical studies that examine the influence of neoliberal ideas in preschool music and teaching. Neoliberal ideas have primarily been studied in a broader educational perspective and related to preschool policy reforms. The aim of this paper is to study preschool teachers’ rhetoric concerning music contents and music activities related to neoliberal ideas. Data consist of group conversations with preschool teachers and of video observations of daily music activities, at one preschool in Sweden. Discursive psychology has been used as a micro-sociological methodological approach. The findings show that music in this preschool is characterized by popular music, and varied consequences for knowledge content and early childhood learning are highlighted and analyzed. Also, it is argued that neoliberal ideas, in varied ways, determine the establishment of music content. For many reasons, rhetoric concerning the choice of musical content is of great importance to the field of preschool education. For example, it is essential to music education research and to preschool teachers’ everyday work, as it can improve teaching and learning qualities and become a knowledge contribution in society at large.
Using Credit Reporting Agency Data to Assess the Link between the Community Reinvestment Act and Consumer Credit Outcomes

We use a regression discontinuity design to investigate the effect of the Community Reinvestment Act on consumer credit outcomes using data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Consumer Credit Panel database (Equifax data) for the years 2004 to 2012. A bank’s activities in census tracts with median family incomes less than 80 percent of the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) median family income count toward a lending institution’s compliance with CRA rules. Assuming census tracts with median incomes at 79.9 percent of the MSA median are the same as census tracts at 80 percent — except for CRA eligibility — discontinuous changes in consumer credit outcomes at that threshold are evidence of the CRA’s impact. We find no statistically significant effects of the CRA on mortgages or foreclosures, either before or after the financial crisis. However, we do find evidence that CRA expanded broad measures of credit market activity: at the CRA threshold, there is a 9 percent increase in the total number of loans, an increase in the number of people covered by the Equifax data, and an increase in the fraction of individuals with a valid risk score. Despite expanded credit activity, which may increase consumers’ risk for adverse outcomes, there is no significant increase in delinquencies at the CRA threshold.
Response of a Gall-Forming Guild (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) to Stressed and Vigorous Prairie Roses

Abstract Two general hypotheses that describe the relationship between plant quality and host-plant preference of insect herbivores are the plant-stress and plant-vigor hypotheses. We examined the response of a gall-forming guild of insect herbivores associated with prairie rose, Rosa arkansana Porter (Rosaceae), to experimental manipulations of plant stress (addition of NaCl) and vigor (addition of nitrogen; NH4NO3). The most common members of the gall-forming guild on roses are Diplolepis ignota Osten Sacken, D. nodulosa Beutenmüller, and D. rosaefolii Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The repeated application of nitrogen throughout the growing season to prairie plots resulted in significantly higher plant nitrogen levels and plant growth rates. Both low and high NaCl additions caused leaves to turn yellow and wilt, but reductions in rose growth rates or xylem water potentials with NaCl additions were not statistically significant. All three members of the cynipid guild responded similarly to nitrogen and NaCl additions to rose plots. Incidence of occurrence and density within a plot decreased with increasing nitrogen or NaCl, but the decline associated with increasing NaCl was not significant for any of the cynipids. Neither the plant-vigor hypothesis (higher abundance on fast-growing, vigorous plants) nor the plant-stress hypothesis (higher abundance on physiologically stressed plants) was supported by this study. For cynipids, there is growing evidence that larvae perform best on plant tissues low in nitrogen (less vigorous plants). Agricultural runoff, of which nitrogen is an important constituent, may be significantly altering cynipid distributions and their interactions with other members of the tall-grass prairie ecosystem.
A Model of Goal Dynamics in Organizations: a case study

The purpose of the present work is to build a suitable system dynamics model for goal dynamics in organizations, as proposed by Barlas & Yasarcan (2008). The proposed model does not bear any ambition of being exhaustive: the main objective of this paper is to propose a model of goal dynamics in which Goal Setting, Management by Objectives and Training are viewed as human resource practices able to enhance workers’ goal commitment, and therefore, improve organizational performance. In the first part of this paper, an analysis of the Goal Setting Theory and the role of goal setting practices, in bettering worker’s performance, are stressed. In the second part, a case-study, the causal loop and a quantitative model of goal dynamics in organizations are described. In the third part, behaviour reproduction testing, optimization analysis for parameter estimation and scenario analysis are presented. Limitations of the present research and conclusions are finally discussed.
Oxygen Saturation and Suck-Swallow-Breathe Coordination of Term Infants during Breastfeeding and Feeding from a Teat Releasing Milk Only with Vacuum

Background. Vacuum is an important factor in milk removal from the breast, yet compression is the predominant component of milk removal from bottle teats. Since bottle-feeding infants have lower oxygen saturation, vacuum levels, and different suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB) coordination to breastfeeding infants, we hypothesised that when infants fed from a teat that required a vacuum threshold of −29 mmHg for milk removal, that oxygen saturation, heart rate, and suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB) patterns would be similar to those of breastfeeding. Study Design. Infants (n = 16) were monitored during one breastfeed and one feed from the experimental teat. Simultaneous recordings were made of oxygen saturation, heart rate, vacuum, tongue movement, respiration, and swallowing. Results. There were no differences in oxygen saturation and heart rate between the breast and the teat. Infants displayed fewer sucks and breaths per swallow during nutritive sucking (NS) compared to non-nutritive sucking (NNS). The number of sucks per breath was similar for NS and NNS although respiratory rates were slower during NS. These patterns did not differ between the breast and the teat. Conclusion. These results suggest that vacuum may be conducive to safe and coordinated milk removal by the infant during both breast and bottle-feeding.
Spatial but not temporal co‐divergence of a virus and its mammalian host

Co‐divergence between host and parasites suggests that evolutionary processes act across similar spatial and temporal scales. Although there has been considerable work on the extent and correlates of co‐divergence of RNA viruses and their mammalian hosts, relatively little is known about the extent to which virus evolution is determined by the phylogeographic history of host species. To test hypotheses related to co‐divergence across a variety of spatial and temporal scales, we explored phylogenetic signatures in Andes virus (ANDV) sampled from Chile and its host rodent, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. ANDV showed strong spatial subdivision, a phylogeographic pattern also recovered in the host using both spatial and genealogical approaches, and despite incomplete lineage sorting. Lineage structure in the virus seemed to be a response to current population dynamics in the host at the spatial scale of ecoregions. However, finer scale analyses revealed contrasting patterns of genetic structure across a latitudinal gradient. As predicted by their higher substitution rates, ANDV showed greater genealogical resolution than the rodent, with topological congruence influenced by the degree of lineage sorting within the host. However, despite these major differences in evolutionary dynamics, the geographic structure of host and virus converged across large spatial scales.
Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to encapsulate plasmid of bone morphogenetic protein 2/polyethylenimine nanoparticles to promote bone formation in vitro and in vivo

Repair of large bone defects is a major challenge, requiring sustained stimulation to continually promote bone formation locally. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone development. In an attempt to overcome this difficulty of bone repair, we created a delivery system to slowly release human BMP-2 cDNA plasmid locally, efficiently transfecting local target cells and secreting functional human BMP-2 protein. For transfection, we used polyethylenimine (PEI) to create pBMP-2/PEI nanoparticles, and to ensure slow release we used poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to create microsphere encapsulated pBMP-2/PEI nanoparticles, PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI. We demonstrated that pBMP-2/PEI nanoparticles could slowly release from the PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI microspheres for a long period of time. The 3–15 μm diameter of the PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI further supported this slow release ability of the PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI. In vitro transfection assays demonstrated that pBMP-2/PEI released from PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI could efficiently transfect MC3T3-E1 cells, causing MC3T3-E1 cells to secrete human BMP-2 protein, increase calcium deposition and gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), SP7 and I type collagen (COLL I), and finally induce MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. Importantly, in vivo data from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining demonstrated that the human BMP-2 released from PLGA@pBMP-2/PEI had a long-term effect locally and efficiently promoted bone formation in the bone defect area compared to control animals. All our data suggest that our PLGA-nanoparticle delivery system efficiently and functionally delivers the human BMP-2 cDNA and has potential clinical application in the future after further modification.
FRACTAL DIMENSIONS AND THE PHENOMENON OF INTERMITTENCY IN QUANTUM DYNAMICS

We exhibit an intermittency phenomenon in quantum dynamics. More precisely, we derive new lower bounds for the moments of order p associated to the state (t) = e it H and averaged in time between zero and T. These lower bounds are expressed in terms of generalized fractal dimensions D ± 1/(1 + p/d) of the measureµ (where d is the space dimension). This improves previous results obtained in terms of Hausdorff and Packing dimension.
Imperfect Information, Real�?Time Data and Monetary Policy in the Euro Area

An important concern for the European Central Bank (ECB), and all central banks alike, is the necessity of making decisions in real time under conditions of great uncertainty about the underlying state of the economy. We address this concern by estimating on real-time data a New Keynesian model for the euro area under the assumption of imperfect information. In comparison to models that maintain the assumption of perfect information and are estimated on ex-post revised, we find that: (i) the estimated policy rule becomes more inertial and less aggressive towards inflation; (ii) the ECB is confronted with a more severe trade-off in the stabilization of inflation and the output gap.
What have been the farm -level economic impacts of the global cultivation of GM crops?

1 2 1. Background and objective 3 4 Globally there continues to be a steady increase in the land area commercially cultivated to 5 genetically modified (GM) crops (James 2007). Accompanying this increase in cultivation there 6 have been many studies, reports and publications that have made claims about the economic 7 impacts of the cultivation of GM crops globally (see for example, Qaim, 2009; Zilberman et al, 8 2010). The diversity of the studies, and the often apparently contradictory claims, make it difficult 9 to obtain an overview of the impacts. For example, previous studies have found that: 10 • There is large variability in the farm-level economic impact of GM crops between and within 11 countries, across years, and between different crop-trait combinations, due, for example, to 12 pre-existing pest pressures, seasonal variation in conditions, and different social, cultural and 13 economic contexts.
On the Stability of Two-User Slotted ALOHA with Channel-Aware and Cooperative Users

The stability region of the two-user slotted ALOHA system is analyzed under two scenarios: the case with channel- aware transmission control and the case with user cooperation. By exploiting these advantages in the physical layer, we show that the system throughput can be significantly increased with cross- layered designs on the medium access control (MAC) protocol that take into consideration the properties of these technologies. Suppose that the users transmit over a wireless fading channel and that the channel state information (CSI) is available to the users at the beginning of each time slot. We first study the case where each user transmits with a transmission probability that depends on their local CSI. In this case, we show that the optimal transmission control takes on the form of a thresholding function where each user transmits with probability 1 if the channel is above a certain quality; and with probability 0, otherwise. The stability region of the slotted ALOHA system is significantly enlarged with the use of channel-aware transmission control functions. Secondly, we study the case with user cooperation, where each user is allowed to receive and relay the information of the other user. We derive inner bounds on the stability region for cooperative system and show the significant improvements over the case without cooperation.