Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of Risk–Taking Behavior in Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

Risk taking may be regarded as a normative behavior in adolescence. Risk–taking behaviors may include alcohol, smoking, drug use, delinquency, and acts of aggression. Many studies have explored the relationship between adolescents and risk–taking behavior; however, only a few studies have examined this link in adolescents with learning disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk–taking behavior of adolescents with learning disabilities (N = 307) and without learning disabilities (N = 307) over time. Specifically, this study investigated changes over time in adolescents’ substance use, engagement in major and minor delinquency, acts of aggression, and gambling activities. Results indicated that, compared to their non–learning disabled peers, adolescents with learning disabilities engaged more frequently in some risk–taking behaviors including smoking, marijuana use, acts of delinquency, acts of aggression, and gambling. The results also indicate that for some risk–taking behaviors adolescents with and without learning disabilities differ in their trajectory of engagement. Implications of this study point to the importance of supporting adolescents with learning disabilities when they are faced with difficult decisions around risk taking.
Specific High-Resolution Computed Tomography Findings Associated With Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) could predict the results of a sputum smear in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Forty-eight patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into 2 groups: sputum smear-positive (n = 25) and -negative (n = 23). The HRCT findings were retrospectively reviewed, focusing on the presence or absence of features previously reported to indicate active pulmonary tuberculosis, including ground-glass opacity, cavitation, centrilobular opacity, and air space consolidation. Results: Although air space consolidation was the least common feature overall, it occurred significantly more frequently in the smear-positive group than in the smear-negative group. This feature also had the highest specificity and positive predictive value. Cavitation and ground-glass opacity also occurred significantly more frequently in the smear-positive group. The frequency of centrilobular opacity did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The present study suggested that the HRCT findings of air space consolidation, cavitation, and ground-glass opacity are significantly associated with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
Percent change of perfusion skewness and kurtosis: a potential imaging biomarker for early treatment response in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas.

PURPOSE To test the predictive value of skewness and kurtosis changes of normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) during the early treatment period for differentiating early tumor progression from pseudoprogression in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. The authors assessed 135 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas who underwent concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CCRT) after surgical resection. Patients who developed new or enlarged contrast material-enhanced lesions after CCRT were assessed by means of conventional and perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The percent change of skewness and kurtosis on nCBV histograms between the first and second post-CCRT follow-up were classified into four categories. Independent predictors of early tumor progression were determined by means of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 135 patients, 79 had new or enlarged contrast-enhanced lesions after CCRT, subsequently classified as early tumor progression (n = 42, 53.2%) and pseudoprogression (n = 37, 46.8%). Pseudoprogression was observed in 23 of 24 (95.8%) patients in category 1, 10 of 15 (66.7%) in category 2, four of 20 (20.0%) in category 3, and 0 of 20 (0%) in category 4 (χ(2) test, P < . 0001). The histographic pattern of nCBV was the best independent predictor (odds ratio, 3.51; P = .0032) for early tumor progression, rather than each percent change of skewness or kurtosis; the histographic pattern of nCBV represented the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.934; 95% confidence interval: 0.855, 0.977), with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 89.2%. CONCLUSION The percent change of skewness and kurtosis of nCBV may be a potential imaging biomarker for early treatment response in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas.
Dental enamel birefringence for a wide mineral content range and for different immersion media's refractive indexes: an improved mathematical interpretation

The aim of this study is to extend, for a larger range of mineral volume (V1) and different aqueous immersion media, the model for calculating the refractive index of the non‐mineral phase of the human dental enamel proposed by Sousa et al. Published experimental birefringence data of carious and developing human enamel in air and aqueous immersion media with different refractive indexes were interpreted. For 48%≤V1≤ 95%, quantitative estimates on the non‐mineral contents consistent with the values described in the literature were derived. New polynomial relationships of the non‐mineral contents as a function of the mineral content (48%≤V1≤ 95%) are introduced, which allows computing the theoretical mean enamel birefringence in water and air for most of the points of developing, carious and mature enamel with a difference of one order of magnitude in relation to the classical model for the non‐mineral content's refractive index and closer to the experimental data. For enamel birefringence in immersion media other than water and air, a less expressive improvement was obtained. Perspectives for future studies are discussed.
A critical reflection on the use of an embedded academic literacy program for teaching sociology

New government education policies stress both social justice and economic imperatives. The tensions between these goals for universities are familiar themes for critique. The diversity, and shift in cultural capital among university students is also a concern. The authors of this article teach sociology at an Australian university with a comparative over-representation of students with low levels of cultural capital in academic literacy: research, reading and writing skills. In this article we outline and discuss the approach and outcomes of a pilot online program ‘Leap into Sociology’, developed to help sociology students increase their academic literacy in sociology. The program is, like other academic skills support programs, premised on an understanding that the development of academic research and writing skills needs to be ‘embedded’ in discipline units to be most useful for students. Our discussion considers these challenges in relation to current tensions in higher education work and policy contexts.
Instant data analysis: conducting usability evaluations in a day

When designing a usability evaluation, key decisions must be made regarding methods and techniques for data collection and analysis. Although there is a strong body of research within human-computer interaction regarding the appropriate choices of data collection methods and techniques much less research has been conducted examining and comparing methods and techniques for analyzing the collected data. This paper presents a data analysis technique which allows usability evaluations to be conducted, analyzed and documented in a day; Instant Data Analysis (IDA). The use of this technique is exemplified through a usability evaluation of a software product for a large hospital for which traditional video data analysis and Instant Data Analysis were applied independently through a controlled experiment. Among our key findings, the experiment revealed that in only 10% of the time required to do the video data analysis, Instant Data Analysis identified 85% of the critical usability problems in the system being evaluated. At the same time, the noise of unique usability problems usually characterizing video data analysis was significantly reduced.
Closure to Discussion on "A New Framework for Detection and Identification of Network Parameter Errors"

We appreciate the discussers’1 interest in our work.2 The concerns the discusser raised mainly involved the basic idea and formulation of the Normalized Lagrange Multiplier (NLM) test, which was first proposed in [1] , and was only briefly reviewed in this paper. In order to better clarify, the logic and procedure of this part will be presented in greater detail below.
Management of Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department

Acutely agitated and combative patients are commonly seen and evaluated by health care providers in the emergency department. Treatment options have evolved significantly in recent years with the advent of intramuscular atypical antipsychotics and an expanded repertoire of patient-friendly oral formulations. Selection of the ideal pharmacologic treatment of an acutely agitated patient strengthens the patient–prescriber relationship and promotes adherence to future therapy. In this article, advantages and disadvantages of various treatment modalities for undifferentiated, psychotic, and nonpsychotic agitation are reviewed, including alternatives to the commonly prescribed haloperidol and lorazepam combination. Atypical antipsychotics may be superior in certain patients, with the added benefit of easier conversion to maintenance therapy. Special consideration is given to the treatment of acutely agitated geriatric patients suffering from delirium and/or dementia. Management of these patients should be guided by etiology and patient characteristics to obtain maximum therapeutic benefit. Although emergency department providers may only see a given patient once, the health care team must have an evidence-based approach to the care that is provided in the emergency department, as it can significantly influence the patient's overall course of treatment in the outpatient setting.
Intimate Partner Violence, Physical Health, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Quality of Life in Latinas

Objectives: The purposes of this exploratory study were to a) describe physical health symptoms and diagnoses in abused immigrant Latinas, b) explore the relationships between the women’s physical health and their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), their history of childhood trauma and immigration status, and c) explore the correlations between their physical health, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and mental health, specifically symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The convenience sample (n=33) for this cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of Latino women receiving emergency shelter and community-based services at a domestic violence services agency in the northeastern U.S. We used Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients to analyze the relationships between physical health variables and IPV type and severity, childhood and adulthood sexual abuse, and HRQOL. Results: All of the women experienced threatened abuse. More than two-thirds experienced moderate to severe psychological abuse, moderate to severe physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Twenty women experienced all three types. Women endorsed one or more items in neuromuscular (69.7%), gastrointestinal (63.6%), and genitourinary/gynecologic (45.5%) groupings. Pain was the most reported symptom: bodily pain in previous month (60%), repeated neck or back pain (54.5%), severe/frequent headaches (54.5%), and pelvic pain (21.2%). Eighty-one percent of women endorsed at least one pain item (mean=2.56), and the same number reported difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Pain and sleeping difficulty, the two most frequently reported symptoms, were consistently and highly correlated with PTSD and MDD diagnoses and symptom severity and HRQOL. Childhood sexual abuse was significantly correlated with total pain symptoms (r=0.606, p=0.000) and difficulty sleeping (from the PTSD scale) (r=0.349, p=0.046). Both pain (r=0.400, p=0.023) and sleeping difficulty (r=0.467, p=0.006) were also strongly correlated with undocumented immigration status. Conclusion: Detailed assessment of patients with pain and sleep disorders can help identify IPV and its mental health sequelae, PTSD and MDD. Accurate identification of the root causes and pathways of the health burden carried by victims and survivors of IPV, who are vulnerable to persisting health problems without adequate healthcare, is critical in both clinical practice and research.
Sex Differences in Research on Locus of Control

This study attempts to determine whether variance unaccounted for in correlations between internal locus of control and academic achievement scores for 291 males and 272 females can be attributed to sex differences in locus of control. Males' and females' responses to the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control, using a modified format, were factor analyzed separately and compared. The results indicate similar factor structures for males and females, with significant differences obtained on 5 of 40 items. Implications for research are discussed.
Sedation in Critically Ill Children with Respiratory Failure

This article discusses the rationale of sedation in respiratory failure, sedation goals, how to assess the need for sedation as well as effectiveness of interventions in critically ill children, with validated observational sedation scales. The drugs and non-pharmacological approaches used for optimal sedation in ventilated children are reviewed, and specifically the rationale for drug selection, including short- and long-term efficacy and safety aspects of the selected drugs. The specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of sedative drugs in the critically ill child and consequences for dosing are presented. Furthermore, we discuss different sedation strategies and their adverse events, such as iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium. These principles can guide clinicians in the choice of sedative drugs in pediatric respiratory failure.
Free Volume and Gas Permeation in Anthracene Maleimide-Based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity

High free-volume copolymers were prepared via polycondensation with 2,3,5,6,-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN) in which a portion of the 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane (TTSBI) of PIM-1 was replaced with dibutyl anthracene maleimide (4bIII). An investigation of free volume using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and gas permeation measurements was carried out for the thin film composite copolymer membranes and compared to PIM-1. The average free volume hole size and the gas permeance of the copolymer membranes increased with decreasing TTSBI content in the copolymer.
Strategic Clarity in Banking: Role of Top Management-Team Demography

The relationship between the demographic composition of the top management team and strategic clarity was analyzed using data from a sample of retail banks. The demographic characteristics of education, homogeneity in age and tenure, and heterogeneity in educational major and functional background were analyzed. Controlling for organizational size and firms' performance, banks with a clear strategy are characterized by top management teams that are heterogeneous on education major and functional background. These results suggest support for the benefits of cognitive diversity for top managers engaged in strategic decision making.
‘Asylum shopping’ in the neoliberal social imaginary

This article critically explores the construction and discursive role of ‘asylum shopping’ in the cultural politics of asylum in the UK. Despite the unusual combination of a concept predominantly associated with consumerism with one largely associated with human rights or sanctuary, the expression ‘asylum shopping’ has featured in the mainstream news media and political discourse surrounding asylum and refugee issues since the early 1990s. Drawing upon cultural studies theory, post-Marxist discourse theory and critical discourse analysis, the article argues that the naturalisation of this term has been conditioned by the operation of powerful logics underpinning fundamental insecurities in the identity of the national and neoliberal subject – logics associated with Britain’s postcoloniality on the one hand and its neoliberal modernity on the other. While the erosion of collective models of solidarity in favour of entrepreneurialism of the self have provided conditions of possibility for an overwhelmingly negative asylum discourse, outrage at asylum seekers’ perceived agency and choice of destination encoded in the notion of ‘asylum shopping’ have been indexed to nostalgic longings for a more secure national or social identity, as well as deep-seated fears and uncertainties about future prospects in the neoliberal subject.
Functional Gene Analysis Suggests Different Acetogen Populations in the Bovine Rumen and Tammar Wallaby Forestomach

ABSTRACT Reductive acetogenesis via the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway is an alternative hydrogen sink to methanogenesis in the rumen. Functional gene-based analysis is the ideal approach for investigating organisms capable of this metabolism (acetogens). However, existing tools targeting the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene (fhs) are compromised by lack of specificity due to the involvement of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) in other pathways. Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) is unique to the acetyl-CoA pathway and, in the present study, acetyl-CoA synthase genes (acsB) were recovered from a range of acetogens to facilitate the design of acsB-specific PCR primers. fhs and acsB libraries were used to examine acetogen diversity in the bovine rumen and forestomach of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a native Australian marsupial demonstrating foregut fermentation analogous to rumen fermentation but resulting in lower methane emissions. Novel, deduced amino acid sequences of acsB and fhs affiliated with the Lachnospiraceae in both ecosystems and the Ruminococcaeae/Blautia group in the rumen. FTHFS sequences that probably originated from nonacetogens were identified by low “homoacetogen similarity” scores based on analysis of FTHFS residues, and comprised a large proportion of FTHFS sequences from the tammar wallaby forestomach. A diversity of FTHFS and ACS sequences in both ecosystems clustered between the Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae acetogens but without close sequences from cultured isolates. These sequences probably originated from novel acetogens. The community structures of the acsB and fhs libraries from the rumen and the tammar wallaby forestomach were different (LIBSHUFF, P < 0.001), and these differences may have significance for overall hydrogenotrophy in both ecosystems.
Equivalence of computerized and paper-and-pencil cognitive ability tests: A meta-analysis.

The effects of the medium of test administration-paper and pencil versus computerized-were examined for timed power and speeded tests of cognitive abilities for populations of young adults and adults. Meta-analytic techniques were used to estimate the cross-mode correlation after correcting for measurement error. A total of 159 correlations was meta-analyzed: 123 from timed power tests and 36 from speeded tests. The corrected cross-mode correlation was found to be.91 when all correlations were analyzed simultaneously. Speededness was found to moderate the effects of administration mode in that the cross-mode correlation was estimated to be.97 for timed power tests but only.72 for speeded tests. No difference in equivalence was observed between adaptively and conventionally administered computerized tests
Anaphylaxis across two Canadian pediatric centers: evaluating management disparities

Background There are no data on the percentage of visits due to anaphylaxis in the emergency department (ED), triggers, and management of anaphylaxis across different provinces in Canada. Objective To compare the percentage of anaphylaxis cases among all ED visits, as well as the triggers and management of anaphylaxis between two Canadian pediatric EDs (PEDs). Methods As part of the Cross-Canada Anaphylaxis Registry (C-CARE), children presenting to the British Columbia Children’s Hospital (BCCH) and Montreal Children’s Hospital (MCH) EDs with anaphylaxis were recruited. Characteristics, triggers, and management of anaphylaxis were documented using a standardized data entry form. Differences in demographics, triggers, and management were determined by comparing the difference of proportions and 95% confidence interval. Results Between June 2014 and June 2016, there were 346 visits due to anaphylaxis among 93,730 PED visits at the BCCH ED and 631 anaphylaxis visits among 164,669 pediatric visits at the MCH ED. In both centers, the majority of cases were triggered by food (BCCH 91.3% [88.7, 94.0], MCH 82.4% [79.7, 85.3]), of which peanuts were the most common culprit (24.7% [20.9, 29.9] and 19.0% [15.8, 22.7], respectively). Pre-hospital administration of epinephrine (BCCH 27.7% [23.2, 32.8], MCH 33.1% [29.5, 37.0]) and antihistamines (BCCH 50.6% [45.2, 56.0], MCH 47.1% [43.1, 51.0]) was similar. In-hospital management differed in terms of increased epinephrine, antihistamine, and steroid use at the BCCH (59.2% [53.9, 64.4], 59.8% [54.4, 65.0], and 60.1% [54.7, 65.3], respectively) compared to the MCH (42.2% [38.3, 46.2], 36.2% [32.5, 40.1], and 11.9% [9.5, 14.8], respectively). Despite differences in management, percentage of cases admitted to the intensive care unit was similar between the two centers. Conclusion Compared to previous European and North American reports, there is a high percentage of anaphylaxis cases in two PEDs across Canada with substantial differences in hospital management practices. It is crucial to develop training programs that aim to increase epinephrine use in anaphylaxis.
Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations.

Examen des liens causaux reliant l'implication affective et la continuation de l'implication dans une organisation. Etude de la structure factorielle des echelles d'evaluation de ces 2 concepts (ACS et CCS, Meyer et Allen, 1984). 3 echantillons d'employes nouvellement embauches dont 1 repondant a 3 occasions durant la premiere annee d'exercice (etude longitudinale). Analyses factorielles confirmatoires, tests de modeles causaux non recursifs