Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Uses of Literacy

This pioneering work examines changes in the life and values of the English working class in response to mass media. First published in 1957, it mapped out a new methodology in cultural studies based around interdisciplinarity and a concern with how texts-in this case, mass publications-are stitched into the patterns of lived experience. Mixing personal memoir with social history and cultural critique, The Uses of Literacy anticipates recent interest in modes of cultural analysis that refuse to hide the author behind the mask of objective social scientific technique. In its method and in its rich accumulation of the detail of working-class life, this volume remains useful and absorbing. Hoggart's analysis achieves much of its power through a careful delineation of the complexities of working-class attitudes and its sensitivity to the physical and environmental facts of working-class life. The people he portrays are neither the sentimentalized victims of a culture of deference nor neo-fascist hooligans. Hoggart sees beyond habits to what habits stand for and sees through statements to what the statements really mean. He thus detects the differing pressures of emotion behind idiomatic phrases and ritualistic observances. Through close observation and an emotional empathy deriving, in part, from his own working-class background, Hoggart defines a fairly homogeneous and representative group of working-class people. Against this background may be seen how the various appeals of mass publications and other artifacts of popular culture connect with traditional and commonly accepted attitudes, how they are altering those attitudes, and how they are meeting resistance. Hoggart argues that the appeals made by mass publicists-more insistent, effective, and pervasive than in the past-are moving toward the creation of an undifferentiated mass culture and that the remnants of an authentic urban culture are being destroyed. In his introduction to this new edition, Andrew Goodwin, professor of broadcast communications arts at San Francisco State University, defines Hoggart's place among contending schools of English cultural criticism and points out the prescience of his analysis for developments in England over the past thirty years. He notes as well the fruitful links to be made between Hoggart's method and findings and aspects of popular culture in the United States.
Monetary Policy Indeterminacy and Identification Failures in the U.S.: Results from a Robust Test

We propose a novel identi…cation-robust test for the null hypothesis that an estimated new-Keynesian model has a reduced form consistent with the unique stable solution against the alternative of sunspot-driven multiple equilibria. Our strategy is designed to handle identi…cation failures as well as the misspeci…cation of the relevant propagation mechanisms. We invert a likelihood ratio test for the cross-equation restrictions (CER) that the newKeynesian system places on its reduced form solution under determinacy. If the CER are not rejected, sunspot-driven expectations can be ruled out from the model equilibrium and we accept the structural model. Otherwise, we move to a second-step and invert an Anderson and Rubin-type test for the orthogonality restrictions (OR) implied by the system of Euler equations. The hypothesis of indeterminacy is accepted if the OR are not rejected. We investigate the …nite sample performance of the suggested two-steps testing strategy by some Monte Carlo experiments. We apply our robust test to a new-Keynesian AD/AS model estimated with actual U.S. post-WWII data. In spite of some evidence of weak identi…cation
Type of Gambling and Availability as Risk Factors for Problem Gambling: A Tobit Regression Analysis by Age and Gender

A telephone survey of 2631 US adults was analysed to determine how particular types of gambling and gambling availability were related to problem gambling by age and gender. Casinos produced the most problems per daily participation. Casinos and lottery gambling produced the most society-wide problems. Lotteries, casinos, gambling machines and bingo produced the most overall problems in women; for men it was casinos and cards. Casinos, lotteries and gambling machines produced the most overall problems for people over age 29; for people under 30 it was cards and casinos. Residential proximity to casinos predicted gambling problems in males 30 years or older; for those under 30 friends' approval of gambling predicted gambling problems.
Critical elements for the science teacher to adopt a student‐centered approach: the case of a teacher in transition

Much research has been done and reform is suggested relating to teachers’ implementation of student‐oriented learning environments, yet research on the role, beliefs, pedagogy, and knowledge of teachers simultaneously in classroom environments has been minimal (Kyle, 1994, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31, 785–786). This case study reports on a teacher’s perceptions, epistemology, and understandings of student‐oriented learning environments during a large project in which teachers from Grades 7 to 11 implemented an interactive‐constructivist approach in place of a traditional teacher‐oriented approach. In‐depth analysis of data revealed that the participant teacher’s perspective of a student‐centered science learning environment concerned the following: understanding of students’ prior knowledge, the importance and challenges of questioning, the teacher’s conceptual understanding of topics and unit preparation before and during the implementation, and the teacher’s motivation and problems in moving toward such an environment. There was consistency between the emerging themes and the crucial components of Simon’s Mathematics Teaching Cycle model, such as the teacher’s conceptual and pedagogical knowledge, hypothetical learning trajectory, and the teacher’s beliefs and teaching practice as argued by Haney, Czerniak, and Lumpe (1996, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33(9), 971–993) and van Driel, Beijaard, and Verloop (2001, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(2), 137–158). Further, findings of this study would help teacher education and reform planners to conduct more comprehensive studies on teachers’ perceptions about inquiry‐based teaching over the course of several years of inservice and preservice programs.
Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor-Related Protein-3 Is a Novel Angiogenic Factor

Hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein-3 (Hdgfrp3 or HRP-3) was recently reported as a neurotrophic factor and is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma to promote cancer cell survival. Here we identified HRP-3 as a new endothelial ligand and characterized its in vitro and in vivo functional roles and molecular signaling. We combined open reading frame phage display with multi-round in vivo binding selection to enrich retinal endothelial ligands, which were systematically identified by next generation DNA sequencing. One of the identified endothelial ligands was HRP-3. HRP-3 expression in the retina and brain was characterized by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation assay showed that HRP-3 stimulated the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HRP-3 induced tube formation of HUVECs in culture. Wound healing assay indicated that HRP-3 promoted endothelial cell migration. HRP-3 was further confirmed for its in vitro angiogenic activity by spheroid sprouting assay. HRP-3 extrinsically activated the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) pathway in endothelial cells. The angiogenic activity of HRP-3 was independently verified by mouse cornea pocket assay. Furthermore, in vivo Matrigel plug assay corroborated HRP-3 activity to promote new blood vessel formation. These results demonstrated that HRP-3 is a novel angiogenic factor.
When Do We Confront? Perceptions of Costs and Benefits Predict Confronting Discrimination on Behalf of the Self and Others

Across two studies, we tested whether perceived social costs and benefits of confrontation would similarly predict confronting discrimination both when it was experienced and when it was observed as directed at others. Female undergraduate participants were asked to recall past experiences and observations of sexism, as well as their confronting behaviors. Path modeling in Study 1 (N = 148) demonstrated that women were more likely to report confronting if they believed that the confrontation would make a difference (perceived benefits), or they were less concerned about social sanctions (perceived costs), and the prediction patterns were similar for both experienced and observed sexism. Study 2 (N = 166) replicated the results of Study 1, as well as tested the moderating influence of gender identification. In situations of higher perceived social costs, women who were less strongly identified with their gender group were more responsive to the perceived benefits of the confrontation when deciding whether to confront on behalf of the self. The results of the two studies suggest that researchers should investigate methods for enhancing perceived social benefits and reducing perceived social costs when designing intervention programs aimed at increasing confrontation and decreasing the prevalence of discrimination.
Clinical phenotypes of Italian and Spanish patients with &agr;1-antitrypsin deficiency

With the aim of providing better clinical characterisation of patients with &agr;1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), we analysed the data of adult patients with severe AATD enrolled in the Spanish and Italian national registries. We assessed 745 subjects, 416 of whom were enrolled in the Spanish registry and 329 in the Italian registry. 57.2% were male and 64.9% were smokers or former smokers with a mean±sd age of 49.9±13.8 years. Most (81.2%) were index cases, mainly having the PI*ZZ genotype (73.4%), and the mean±sd diagnostic delay was 9.0±12.1 years. Patients with chronic bronchitis were younger, had better preserved lung function and lower tobacco consumption. Overlap patients (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with asthma) were mainly females, more frequently never-smokers and received respiratory medications more often. 48% of emphysema, 27.5% of chronic bronchitis and 44.8% of overlap subjects were receiving augmentation therapy. Compared with PI*ZZ patients (n=547), the PI*SZ (n=124) subjects were older at diagnosis and had more preserved lung function, despite a higher mean smoking consumption. Early diagnosis of AATD is still an unmet need. Augmentation therapy is administered to similar proportions of patients with different clinical phenotypes. PI*ZZ patients in both registries had more severe respiratory disease than those with PI*SZ, despite lower smoking levels.
Academic Course Combining Psychological Skills Training and Life Skills Education for University Students and Student-Athletes

Psychological skills training, often implemented through a multimodal approach of packaged or grouped mental skill strategies, has received increased attention in recent literature (for reviews, see Meyers, Whelan, & Murphy, 1996; Weinberg & Williams, 2001). Weinberg and Williams (2001) reported on 45 studies where some process of psychological skills training was introduced, of which, 38, or 85%, found positive performance effects. They concluded, applied sport psychologists now appear to understand that an effective intervention must be carried out in an individualized, systematic manner, over time, often using a variety of psychological techniques as part of the total program package (p. 349). Various researchers have set forth guidelines for implementing a program of psychological skills training most often utilizing cognitive-behavioral interventions in goal setting, imagery, and regulating arousal and/or affect (Meyers et al., 1996; Vealey, 1994). Effectiveness of psychological skills training has generally been supported across sports and approaches (Meyers et al., 1996; Vealey, 1994; Vealey & Garner-Holman, 1998; Weinberg & Williams, 2001). In related literature, attempts have begun to provide outside-of-sport psychological and interpersonal skill training for athletes in the form of life skills education (Carr & Bauman, 1996; Danish, Petitpas, & Hale, 1995). Content often includes, but is not limited to, life skills for alcohol/drug education, career termination, transitions, decision-making, time management, developing relationships, effective communication, and disordered eating issues. No studies have assessed the effectiveness of life skills education beyond anecdotal reports and an intuitive appeal that such programs meet unmet athlete needs (Carr & Bauman, 1996). An experimental approach attempting to educate athletes in a more comprehensive approach to psychological skills training and life skills education was developed at an NCAA Division I university. The peak performance education approach was introduced as an academic course called Principles of Optimal Performance.  The course was given a sophomore
Knowledge and Teaching

The present paper focuses on a particular kind of knowledge--craft knowledge--in which Huberman was interested. The paper contrasts craft knowledge with two other kinds of knowledge often thought to be useful to teaching: systematic knowledge of the sort that comes from research and is taught in university settings, and prescriptive knowledge of the sort that is often codified in state and local policies. Using a study of 45 teachers' lessons, and interviews regarding these lessons, the present paper examines the role each kind of knowledge appears to play in the improvement of practice.
A Discussion of "Psychotherapy: The Artful Use of Science"

In his article, ‘‘Psychotherapy: The Artful Use of Science,’’ Dr. Allen tells us he will ‘‘belabor the obvious instructively: there is more to psychotherapy than science,’’ and he does so very nicely indeed. There is much to admire in his paper: a thoughtful style of writing that is engaging to a clinician; a knowledge of philosophy that enables consideration of issues fundamental to psychotherapy; a humility about his own skill in the daunting task of treating others; humanity in the recognition of the importance of ethics for our professions; and intelligence in an understanding of the interrelatedness of art and science. Yet what I like most about Allen’s paper is knowing that he is struggling with a number of ideas in an attempt to capture the process of psychotherapy. It is a struggle with which I am quite familiar, and it appears that we have arrived at some of the same places though from different routes. It will therefore be necessary for me to introduce some of my ideas in discussing Dr. Allen’s. I want to begin where Allen ends—with the concept of mentalizing—because I think this idea is fundamental to the entire argument in a way that Allen may or may not have recognized. Allen defines mentalizing, which derives from Peter Fonagy’s (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, & Target, 2002) important work, as a form of imaginative activity, namely perceiving and interpreting human behavior as based on intentional mental states. He also notes that this is something we tend to take for granted. Certainly it is true that traditional psychoanalysis took it for granted in assuming: 1) that all human beings had inner conflicts that were more or less the same and 2) that if these were not evident there were defenses at work. Those assumptions are now very questionable.
Mutational Landscape of the Essential Autophagy Gene BECN1 in Human Cancers

Evidence suggests that the catabolic process of macroautophagy (autophagy hereafter) can either suppress or promote cancer. The essential autophagy gene ATG6/BECN1 encoding the Beclin1 protein has been implicated as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. The proximity of BECN1 to the known breast and ovarian tumor suppressor breast cancer 1, early onset, BRCA1, on chromosome 17q21, has made this determination equivocal. Here, the mutational status of BECN1 was assessed in human tumor sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other databases. Large deletions encompassing both BRCA1 and BECN1, and deletions of only BRCA1 but not BECN1, were found in breast and ovarian cancers, consistent with BRCA1 loss being a primary driver mutation in these cancers. Furthermore, there was no evidence for BECN1 mutation or loss in any other cancer, casting doubt on whether BECN1 is a tumor suppressor in most human cancers. Implications: Contrary to previous reports, BECN1 is not significantly mutated in human cancer and not a tumor-suppressor gene, as originally thought. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals. org/content/early/2014/04/01/1541-7786.MCR-13-0614/F1.large. jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 12(4); 485–90. ©2014 AACR.
Understanding Incarcerated Girls: The Results of a Focus Group Study

Until recent years, the causes of female offending and the experiences of incarcerated females have been largely ignored. Female offenders are being incarcerated at unprecedented rates, and there has been considerable attention given to the “new” violent female delinquent. In an effort to better understand delinquent girls' experiences before and during institutionalization, focus groups were conducted across the state of Ohio in 1996 with institutionalized delinquent girls and the professionals who work with them. The findings from these focus groups point out some serious problems among many of these girls before and while they are incarcerated. Policy implications are discussed in terms of the findings from the qualitative data garnered from 11 focus groups, which included 48 delinquent girls and 42 professionals who deal with delinquent girls.
Mystical Experience Among Tibetan Buddhists: The Common Core Thesis Revisited

In the study of mysticism the debate has centered on whether a universal experiential core exists regardless of religious interpretation. The current investigation combines Jamesian empiricist and social constructivist perspectives to argue that stable experiential facets load variously on factors to construct local interpretations. Local interpretations reflect a family resemblance—a mystical common core experienced across cultures. Results of confirmatory factor analyses, based on data from 240 Tibetan Buddhist adults, suggest statistical model fit and superiority for the three-factor model compared to the unidimensional model. Pure experience can be distinguished explicitly from its context-specific hermeneutical construal.
On Code Design for Unequal Error Protection Multilevel Coding

Unequal error protection is an important feature regarding transport of multimedia data. The paper presents a novel approach for realising unequal error protection properties with multilevel codes, following the capacity design rule but adjusting the scheme to provide more unequal error protection than a multilevel coding scheme inherently provides. The flexibility of this approach is investigated regarding the freedom in the choice of unequal error protection profiles.
‘Selves’ in contradiction: Power and powerlessness in South African shelter residents’ narratives of leaving abusive heterosexual relationships

South Africa has one of the most advanced constitutions in the world. Several progressive laws that promise the protection of women, including the Domestic Violence Act, and a range of state-funded bodies have been established to promote women’s rights. Despite these signs of transition to democracy in the post-apartheid era, violence against women remains problematically high. The dominant perspective in both South African and international literature on the high rate of violence against women has been that of women’s ‘powerlessness’. This article goes beyond approaches that emphasise women’s victimhood. It explores women’s agency from the perspective of the narratives of 16 women in two shelters in Cape Town. Drawing from Scott’s (1990) concept of power and resistance, and using a feminist poststructuralist analytic lens, the article provides insight into the complexity of women’s subjectivities ‘post-abuse’. It highlights women’s shifting sense of power in relation to their abusers, and how this imbued women with a sense of agency as seen through their retrospective accounts of their motivations to leave the abusive relationships.
Uses and Gratifications of Television Home Shopping

The purpose of this study was to understand television shopping through examining media use motives. Based on the uses-and-gratifications (U&G) perspective, we examined how social/psychological antecedents (i.e., parasocial interaction and compulsive buying) and buying outcomes (i.e., buying frequency and impulse buying) relate to television-shopping viewing motives. Findings suggest that viewers watch television shopping because they want a convenient, time- and cost-effective way to shop and learn about products and want to be entertained. Factor analysis revealed two motive factors: TV Viewing Motives are associated with traditional U&G motive statements similar to those found in past studies, and Shopping Motives are those that reference motives associated with shopping. The host appeal dimension of parasocial interaction predicted both factors. Compulsive buying was a significant predictor of only the TV Viewing Motives factor. Those who purchased more items were motivated to watch by the shopping aspects of the medium. Compulsive buying was the only significant predictor of impulse buying. Those who made more planned purchases, however, watched because of the shopping aspects of the medium but not because of an interpersonal connection to the hosts.
Molecular mechanisms underlying large genomic deletions in ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) gene

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is an X‐linked urea cycle error causing hyperammonemia and orotic aciduria. Clinical diagnosis is generally confirmed by mutation detection. However, in ∼20% of the patients, no mutation is found by conventional mutation‐searching strategies, which fail to detect deletions spanning at least a whole exon, large rearrangements, or mutations at non‐coding regions. To detect large deletions or duplications, we have applied the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methodology to three OTCD patients (two females and one male). MLPA revealed copy number alterations of OTC exons in all of them. The two females were found to be heterozygous for deletions of either exon 2 or exons 6–9, and the male was confirmed to lack all OTC exons. Females’ characterization of the deletion breakpoints by long polymerase chain reaction and sequencing revealed the mutations c.78‐3544_217‐129del5921 and c.541‐600_1005 + 1880del10862 corresponding to exon 2 and exon 6–9 deletions, respectively. Examination of the deletion‐flanking regions suggests that exon 2 deletion probably resulted from replication slippage facilitated by a secondary structure formed by two inverted Alu repeats, whereas an Alu–Alu homologous recombination was probably responsible for the exon 6–9 deletion. This work contributes to the identification of novel disease‐causing mutations in OTCD and increases the knowledge on possible mutational mechanisms generating deletions in OTC.