Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength and Behavior of Flare-bevel and Flare-vee Welded Connections in G450 Sheet Steel

G450 steel to AS 1397 is a cold-reduced sheet steel with in-line galvanizing. Its grade is 65 ksi (450 MPa) yield and 70 ksi (480 MPa) tensile strength. It is widely used in Australia for purlins, and is being used to fabricate light-weight portal frames, often by welding. The effect of welding on G450 sheet steel in the heat affected zone (HAZ) was unknown and so the project was performed to investigate the strength of flare-bevel and flare-vee welded connections. Flarebevel and flare-vee welded connections in 0.06-in (1.5-mm) and 0.12-in (3.0-mm) sheet steels were tested to failure. The failure modes and ductility of different types of connections are described. The test results are used to check the design rules in the AISI Specification (Section E2.5) and the AustralianlNew Zealand Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Structures ASINZS 4600 (Clause 5.2.6). Connections in 0.12-in (3.0-mm) sheet steel failed in the weld and it is important that these connections are checked for weld throat failure, not just parent material failure. The quality of flare-bevel welded connections in thin sheet steels produced by industry fabricators is investigated. The results of this study have recently been incorporated into the AISI Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structures by reducing the thickness at which weld throat failure should be checked to 2.5 mm (0.10 in).
Landau Kleffner Syndrome, Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep and Autistic Regression: An Overview of Literature

Landau kleffner syndrome, electrical status epilepticus in sleep and autistic regression: an overview of literature Language regression in children is a challenging condition for clinicians since the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are not well established. Landau Kleffner syndrome (LKS), Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES) and Autistic Regression (AR) are three rare clinical entities in which langauage regression is present. LKS and ESES appear to be two points on the spectrum of epileptic syndromes characterized by severe paroxysmal EEG disturbance in sleep and regression. However, the available literature indicates that AR has many distinct features than LKS and ESES. For all of these three conditions, early recognition and treatment is crucial for favorable outcomes. Overnight EEG has an important diagnostic role for LKS and ESES. In this review, the clinical features, prognosis and treatment options of LKS, ESES and AR will be discussed.
Multithreaded SAT Solving

This paper describes the multithreaded MiraXT SAT solver which was designed to take advantage of current and future shared memory multiprocessor systems. The paper highlights design and implementation details that allow the multiple threads to run and cooperate efficiently. Results show that in single threaded mode, MiraXT compares well to other state of the art solvers on industrial problems. In threaded mode, it provides cutting edge performance, as speedup is obtained on both SAT and UNSAT instances.
Learning tasks from a single demonstration

Learning a complex dynamic robot manoeuvre from a single human demonstration is difficult. This paper explores an approach to learning from demonstration based on learning an optimization criterion from the demonstration and a task model from repeated attempts to perform the task, and using the learned criterion and model to compute an appropriate robot movement. A preliminary version of the approach has been implemented on an anthropomorphic robot arm using a pendulum swing up task as an example.
Ginsenoside Metabolite Compound K Promotes Recovery of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Inhibits Inflammatory Responses by Suppressing NF-κB Activation

Phytogenic compounds with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) or berberine (BBR), are currently discussed as promising complementary agents in the prevention and treatment of cancer and inflammation. The latest study showed that ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites could inhibit TNBS-induced colitis injury. However, the functional mechanisms of anti-inflammation effects of ginsenoside, particularly its metabolite CK are still not clear. Here, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, clinical parameters, intestinal integrity, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and signaling pathways in colonic tissues were determined. In mild and sever colitis mice, CK and BBR (as a positive agent) alleviated colitis histopathology injury, ameliorated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines production, such as, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production in both mice colon tissues and blood. Nevertheless, the results revealed that CK and BBR inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, downregulated p-IκBα and upregulated IκBα, indicating that CK, as well as BBR, suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway in the progression of colitis with immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical and western blotting analysis. Furthermore, CK inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines production in LPS-activated macrophages via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our results not only reveal that CK promotes the recovery of the progression of colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by suppressing NF-κB activation, but also suggest that CK downregulates intestinal inflammation through regulating the activation of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokines production.
Clinical Decision Support for Nurses: A Fall Risk and Prevention Example.

Organizations are implementing and using electronic health records (EHRs) as they strive to meet Meaningful Use criteria enacted through the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), EHRs have eight core functions, and one of those is to provide clinical decision support (CDS) tools. Clinical decision support equips clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, intelligently filtered or presented just in time, to enhance health and healthcare. In support of the application of evidence to healthcare decisions, the IOM recommends the use of computerized CDS. Clinical decision support can include a variety of tools such as alerts, reminders, order sets, care plans, protocols, enhanced displays, and documentation forms.
Adjuvant-Mediated Epitope Specificity and Enhanced Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies Targeting Dengue Virus Envelope Protein

The heat-labile toxins (LT) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli display adjuvant effects to coadministered antigens, leading to enhanced production of serum antibodies. Despite extensive knowledge of the adjuvant properties of LT derivatives, including in vitro-generated non-toxic mutant forms, little is known about the capacity of these adjuvants to modulate the epitope specificity of antibodies directed against antigens. This study characterizes the role of LT and its non-toxic B subunit (LTB) in the modulation of antibody responses to a coadministered antigen, the dengue virus (DENV) envelope glycoprotein domain III (EDIII), which binds to surface receptors and mediates virus entry into host cells. In contrast to non-adjuvanted or alum-adjuvanted formulations, antibodies induced in mice immunized with LT or LTB showed enhanced virus-neutralization effects that were not ascribed to a subclass shift or antigen affinity. Nonetheless, immunosignature analyses revealed that purified LT-adjuvanted EDIII-specific antibodies display distinct epitope-binding patterns with regard to antibodies raised in mice immunized with EDIII or the alum-adjuvanted vaccine. Notably, the analyses led to the identification of a specific EDIII epitope located in the EF to FG loop, which is involved in the entry of DENV into eukaryotic cells. The present results demonstrate that LT and LTB modulate the epitope specificity of antibodies generated after immunization with coadministered antigens that, in the case of EDIII, was associated with the induction of neutralizing antibody responses. These results open perspectives for the more rational development of vaccines with enhanced protective effects against DENV infections.
Design and Evaluation of an SOI Pixel Sensor for Trigger-Driven X-Ray Readout

We have been developing a monolithic active pixel sensor with the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology for use in future X-ray astronomical satellite missions. This sensor is called XRPIX. Our objective is to replace the X-ray CCD, which is currently the standard detector in the field, with the developed XRPIX, which offers high coincidence time resolution (~ 50 ns), superior hit-position readout time (~ 10 μs), and wide bandpass (0.5-40 keV), in addition to having comparable performance in terms of imaging spectroscopy. In our previous study, we built a prototype sensor called XRPIX1 and confirmed its basic X-ray imaging spectroscopy performance in a mode that read out the entire area (all pixels). The next step is to realize a high-speed, intelligent readout for X-ray detection. XRPIX1 comprises a trigger circuit for each pixel, so as to detect an X-ray photon injection; this system is capable of direct access to selected pixels to read out the signal amplitude. We describe the design of the trigger circuitry system and report on the first resolved X-ray spectra obtained in the trigger-driven readout mode.
A Comparative Study on Generating Training-Data for Self-Paced Brain Interfaces

Direct brain interface (BI) systems provide an alternative communication and control solution for individuals with severe motor disabilities, bypassing impaired interface pathways. Most BI systems are aimed to be operated by individuals with severe disabilities. With these individuals, there is no observable indicator of their intent to control or communicate with the BI system. In contrast, able-bodied subjects can perform the desired physical movements such as finger flexion and one can observe the movement as the indicator of intent. Since no external knowledge of intention is available for individuals with severe motor disabilities, generating the data for system training is problematic. This paper introduces three methods for generating training-data for self-paced BI systems and compares their performances with four alternative methods of training-data generation. Results of the offline analysis on the electroencephalogram data of eight subjects during self-paced BI experiments show that two of the proposed methods increase true positive rates (at fixed false positive rate of 2%) over that of the four alternative methods from 50.8%-58.4% to about 62% which corresponds to 3.6%-11.2% improvement
FAIRNESS AND INFLATION PERSISTENCE

We argue that peoples' concern for fairness may explain an unsolved puzzle in macroeconomics: the persistence of inflation. We extend a 1990 wage-contracting model of Bhaskar in which workers' disutility from being paid less than other workers exceeds their utility from being paid more. This model generates a continuum of equilibria over a range of wages and unemployment rates. If workers' expectations are based on the past behavior of wage growth, these beliefs will be self-fulfilling, generating inflation persistence within, but not outside of, this range. Based on quarterly U.S. data over the period 1955-2000, we find evidence that inflation is more persistent between unemployment rates of 4.7 and 6.5% than outside these bounds. (JEL: E31, E3, E5) Copyright (c) 2004 The European Economic Association.
Voluntary Enhanced Cocontraction of Hamstring Muscles During Open Kinetic Chain Leg Extension Exercise

Background: A number of research studies provide evidence that hamstring cocontraction during open kinetic chain knee extension exercises enhances tibiofemoral (TF) stability and reduces the strain on the anterior cruciate ligament. Purpose: To determine the possible increase in hamstring muscle coactivation caused by a voluntary cocontraction effort during open kinetic chain leg-extension exercises, and to assess whether an intentional hamstring cocontraction can completely suppress the anterior TF shear force during these exercises. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Knee kinematics as well as electromyographic activity in the semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris (BF), and quadriceps femoris muscles were measured in 20 healthy men during isotonic leg extension exercises with resistance (R) ranging from 10% to 80% of the 1-repetition maximum (1RM). The same exercises were also performed while the participants attempted to enhance hamstring coactivation through a voluntary cocontraction effort. The data served as input parameters for a model to calculate the shear and compressive TF forces in leg extension exercises for any set of coactivation patterns of the different hamstring muscles. Results: For R≤ 40% 1RM, the peak coactivation levels obtained with intentional cocontraction (l) were significantly higher (P < 10–3) than those obtained without intentional cocontraction (l0). For each hamstring muscle, maximum level l was reached at R = 30% 1RM, corresponding to 9.2%, 10.5%, and 24.5% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for the BF, ST, and SM, respectively, whereas the ratio l/l0 reached its maximum at R = 20% 1RM and was approximately 2, 3, and 4 for the BF, SM, and ST, respectively. The voluntary enhanced coactivation level l obtained for R≤ 30% 1RM completely suppressed the anterior TF shear force developed by the quadriceps during the exercise. Conclusion: In leg extension exercises with resistance R≤ 40% 1RM, coactivation of the BF, SM, and ST can be significantly enhanced (up to 2, 3, and 4 times, respectively) by a voluntary hamstring cocontraction effort. The enhanced coactivation levels obtained for R≤ 30% 1RM can completely suppress the anterior TF shear force developed by the quadriceps during the exercise. Clinical Relevance: This laboratory study suggests that leg extension exercise with intentional hamstring cocontraction may have the potential to be a safe and effective quadriceps-strengthening intervention in the early stages of rehabilitation programs for anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction recovery. Further studies, including clinical trials, are needed to investigate the relevance of this therapeutic exercise in clinical practice.
DIAC+: a Professional Diacritics Recovering System

In languages that use diacritical characters, if these special signs are stripped-off from a word, the resulted string of characters may not exist in the language, and therefore its normative form is, in general, easy to recover. However, this is not always the case, as presence or absence of a diacritical sign attached to a base letter of a word which exists in both variants, may change its grammatical properties or even the meaning, making the recovery of the missing diacritics a difficult task, not only for a program but sometimes even for a human reader. We describe and evaluate an accurate knowledge-based system for automatic recovery of the missing diacritics in MS-Office documents written in Romanian. For the rare cases when the system is not able to make a reliable decision, it either provides the user a list of words with their recovery suggestions, or probabilistically chooses one of the possible changes, but leaves a trace (a highlighted comment) on each word the modification of which was uncertain.
A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis.

AIMS Myocarditis may be idiopathic, viral, and/or immune; frequency of these forms and prognosis are ill-defined. We aimed at identifying aetiopathogenetic and prognostic markers in myocarditis, including viral genome on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum anti-heart autoantibodies (AHA). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 174 patients, 110 males, aged 36 +/- 18 years, median follow-up 23.5 months, range 10-54; 85 patients had active myocarditis and 89 borderline myocarditis (no diffuse or severe inflammation) (Dallas criteria). Serum AHA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. PCR was used to detect virus. Six-year actuarial survival was 73%. AHA were found in 56% of patients and positive PCR in 26%. Univariate predictors of death/transplantation were young age, longer symptom duration, giant cell myocarditis, NYHA II-IV, positive PCR, presentation with LV dysfunction, clinical signs/symptoms of heart failure, and echocardiographic and haemodynamic indexes of cardiac dysfunction. By Cox univariate analysis, highest risk was conferred by clinical signs/symptoms of left (HR = 4.3, CI 1.7-10.8, P = 0.002) and right heart failure (HR 3.4, CI 1.5-7.3, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION In myocarditis, biventricular dysfunction at diagnosis was the main predictor of death/transplantation. AHA identified immune-mediated myocarditis in the majority of cases. Viral genome was a univariate predictor of adverse prognosis. Our approach of using AHA and positive PCR as aetiopathogenetic markers should help patient selection and recruitment in future studies on aetiological therapy.
Research Paper: Answering Physicians' Clinical Questions: Obstacles and Potential Solutions

OBJECTIVE To identify the most frequent obstacles preventing physicians from answering their patient-care questions and the most requested improvements to clinical information resources. DESIGN Qualitative analysis of questions asked by 48 randomly selected generalist physicians during ambulatory care. MEASUREMENTS Frequency of reported obstacles to answering patient-care questions and recommendations from physicians for improving clinical information resources. RESULTS The physicians asked 1,062 questions but pursued answers to only 585 (55%). The most commonly reported obstacle to the pursuit of an answer was the physician's doubt that an answer existed (52 questions, 11%). Among pursued questions, the most common obstacle was the failure of the selected resource to provide an answer (153 questions, 26%). During audiotaped interviews, physicians made 80 recommendations for improving clinical information resources. For example, they requested comprehensive resources that answer questions likely to occur in practice with emphasis on treatment and bottom-line advice. They asked for help in locating information quickly by using lists, tables, bolded subheadings, and algorithms and by avoiding lengthy, uninterrupted prose. CONCLUSION Physicians do not seek answers to many of their questions, often suspecting a lack of usable information. When they do seek answers, they often cannot find the information they need. Clinical resource developers could use the recommendations made by practicing physicians to provide resources that are more useful for answering clinical questions.
Characterization of Breakfast Cereals Available in the Mexican Market: Sodium and Sugar Content

Preschool Mexican children consume 7% of their total energy intake from processed breakfast cereals. This study characterized the nutritional quality and labelling (claims and Guideline Daily Amount (GDA)) of the packaged breakfast cereals available in the Mexican market. Photographs of all breakfast cereals available in the 9 main food retail chains in the country were taken. The nutrition quality of cereals was assessed using the United Kingdom Nutrient Profiling Model (UKNPM). Claims were classified using the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) taxonomy and the GDA was defined according to the Mexican regulation, NOM-051. Overall, a total of 371 different breakfast cereals were analysed. The nutritional profile showed that 68.7% were classified as “less healthy”. GDAs and claims were displayed more frequently on the “less healthy” cereals. Breakfast cereals within the “less healthy” category had significantly higher content of energy, sugar and sodium (p < 0.001). Most of the claims were displayed in the “less healthy” cereals (n = 313). This study has shown that there is a lack of consistency between the labelling on the front of the pack and the nutritional quality of breakfast cereals.
Relevant antibody subsets against MOG recognize conformational epitopes exclusively exposed in solid‐phase ELISA

A pathogenic role for circulating anti‐myelin antibodies is difficult to establish in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we unravel a broad heterogeneity within the anti‐myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in humans and non‐human primates, and demonstrate that detection of important epitopes of MOG within the pathogenic repertoire is exclusively dependent on presentation on a solid‐phase MOG conformer. Results of ELISA and those of a liquid‐phase assay were compared using a MOG protein with identical sequence but different conformations. We tested sera from 50 human subjects, plasma of Callithrix jacchus marmosets known to contain antibodies reactive to either conformational or linearized MOG, and monoclonal, conformation‐dependent anti‐MOG antibodies. We have found no antibody reactivity against the soluble MOG conformer in human serum, and show that this lack of detection is not due to technical artifacts. Rather, dominant epitopes of MOG are not displayed in soluble phase, as shown by a complete lack of binding of conformation‐dependent mAb. In MP4‐immune marmosets that exhibit demyelinating pathology due to spreading of antibody determinants to myelin‐embedded MOG, only ELISA can detect pathogenic circulating anti‐MOG antibodies. Thus, the accurate detection of important subsets of pathogenic anti‐MOG antibodies requires methods in which MOG is displayed similarly to its natural conformation in myelin.
Close Integration of ML and NLP Tools in BioAlvis for Semantic Search in Bacteriology

This paper focuses on the use of corpus-based machine learning (ML) methods for fine-grained semantic annotation of text. The state of the art in semantic annotation in Life Science as in other technical and scientific domains, takes advantage of recent breakthroughs in the development of natural language processing (NLP) platforms. The resources required to run such platforms include named entity dictionaries, terminologies, grammars and ontologies. The demand for domain-specific, comprehensive and low cost resources led to the intensive use of ML methods. The precise specification of the ML task goal and target knowledge, and the adequate normalization of the training corpus representation can notably increase the quality of the acquired knowledge. We argue in this paper that integrated ML-NLP architectures facilitate such specifications. We illustrate our demonstration with four representative NLP tasks that are part of the BioAlvis semantic annotation platform. Their impact on the quality of the semantic annotation is qualified through the evaluation of an IR application in Bacteriology.
Fluorinated h-BN as a magnetic semiconductor

A strategic approach toward functionalization can change properties: effect of the “oxidizer of oxygen” on hexagonal boron nitride. We report the fluorination of electrically insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and the subsequent modification of its electronic band structure to a wide bandgap semiconductor via introduction of defect levels. The electrophilic nature of fluorine causes changes in the charge distribution around neighboring nitrogen atoms in h-BN, leading to room temperature weak ferromagnetism. The observations are further supported by theoretical calculations considering various possible configurations of fluorinated h-BN structure and their energy states. This unconventional magnetic semiconductor material could spur studies of stable two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors. Although the high thermal and chemical stability of h-BN have found a variety of uses, this chemical functionalization approach expands its functionality to electronic and magnetic devices.