Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Parenting, Emotion Regulation, and Adult Depression

Previous studies have established a link between parenting style (e.g. authoritarian, authoritative, permissive) and depression in children and adolescents. Parenting factors are also implicated in the development of emotion regulation. There is a gap in the literature, however, concerning perceptions of parenting in relation to adult depression. The current study examined the effect of parenting on reported adult depressive symptoms. Of interest was the role of emotion regulation strategies in this relationship. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the sample consisted of 302 adults (125 males, 177 females) ranging in age from 18 to 65. Measures of how participants were parented by their mothers and fathers, emotion regulation strategies most frequently utilized, and current depressive symptoms were collected using an online survey. The emotion regulation strategy, positive reappraisal, was found to moderate the relation between maternal authoritative parenting and depression. Permissive parenting was also significantly predictive of depression, but catastrophizing fully mediated only the relation between maternal permissive parenting and depressive symptoms. Authoritarian parenting was unrelated to depression and emotion regulation in this study. The findings of this study indicate that the effects of how an individual was parented may persist into adulthood. Implications of these findings and future directions for further research are discussed.
F4 ‐ Isoprostanes as Specific Marker of Docosahexaenoic Acid Peroxidation in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract : F2‐isoprostanes are prostaglandin‐like compounds derived from free radical‐catalysed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Peroxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid produces F3‐isoprostanes, whereas peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid would give F4‐isoprostanes. This study demonstrates the presence of esterified F4‐isoprostanes in human brain and shows that levels are elevated in certain brain cortex regions in Alzheimer's disease. Our data with Alzheimer's disease suggest that analysis of F4‐isoprostanes will provide new opportunities to study lipid peroxidation in the neurodegenerative diseases.
ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and expression of P-glycoprotein and long-term prognosis in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (Pgp), encoded by the ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) gene, is an efflux transporter located on the luminal side of intestinal epithelial cells, which protects the gut from endogenous and exogenous toxins. The association of two ABCB1 polymorphisms with the occurrence of colon cancer and long-term prognosis was evaluated in a selected patient population. The expression of Pgp in neoplastic and normal intestinal mucosa was also studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Archival material from 51 patients, in Dukes stage B2 or C, treated for 6 months with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin was retrieved. The G2677T and C3435T polymorphisms were studied and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor and adjacent normal tissue was performed. RESULTS The distribution of wild-type and polymorphic genotypes was similar in the patients and controls and in the patients who relapsed and those who remained event-free for 5 years. Cox proportional hazard model indicated an increased probability of relapse for older patients (p = 0.042) and C stage tumors (p = 0.030). Pgp expression was significantly lower in cancer tissue compared to normal mucosa (p < 0.001) and was related to grading, being lower in poorly-differentiated tumors (p < 0.05); however, no relationship was seen between Pgp expression, genotype and long-term prognosis. CONCLUSION G2677T and C3435T polymorphisms are not associated with colon cancer risk and prognosis in a selected patient population.
Ivan Pavlov. A Russian Life in Science

Ivan Pavlov. A Russian Life in Science By Daniel P. Todes. Oxford University Press USA. 2014. £25.00 (hb). 880 pp. ISBN: 9780199925193 The great Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) is usually remembered as the man who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. Indeed the term ‘
'EVERY WORK OF ART IS AN UNCOMMITTED CRIME': The Application of Sociological Theories of Deviance to Modern Art.

Modern art begins with Manet (1832-1883) and the Impressionists and continues until the present day (Julius 2002). Like crime, it often breaks societal rules, however, modern art is not typically against the law and for this reason it is ‘uncommitted crime’ (Adorno 1951). Deviance is the violation of societal rules, which may be consensual or imposed by a powerful group (Box 1981). Modern art breaks societal rules and so is deviant; for example Serrano’s (1987) ‘Piss Christ’ (Picture 1) mocks the Catholic Church and traps spectators into blasphemy. However, despite evidence of deviance in modern art, sociological theories of deviance concentrate on crime, delinquency and mental illness.
Parametric response map as an imaging biomarker to distinguish progression from pseudoprogression in high-grade glioma.

PURPOSE To assess whether a new method of quantifying therapy-associated hemodynamic alterations may help to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in patients with high-grade glioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with high-grade glioma received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and blood flow (rCBF) maps were acquired before chemoradiotherapy and at week 3 during treatment on a prospective institutional review board-approved study. Pseudoprogression was defined as imaging changes 1 to 3 months after chemoradiotherapy that mimic tumor progression but stabilized or improved without change in treatment or for which resection revealed radiation effects only. Clinical and conventional magnetic resonance (MR) parameters, including average percent change of rCBV and CBF, were evaluated as potential predictors of pseudoprogression. Parametric response map (PRM), an innovative, voxel-by-voxel method of image analysis, was also performed. RESULTS Median radiation dose was 72 Gy (range, 60 to 78 Gy). Of 27 patients, stable disease/partial response was noted in 13 patients and apparent progression was noted in 14 patients. Adjuvant temozolomide was continued in all patients. Pseudoprogression occurred in six patients. Based on PRM analysis, a significantly reduced blood volume (PRM(rCBV)) at week 3 was noted in patients with progressive disease as compared with those with pseudoprogression (P < .01). In contrast, change in average percent rCBV or rCBF, MR tumor volume changes, age, extent of resection, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis classification did not distinguish progression from pseudoprogression. CONCLUSION PRM(rCBV) at week 3 during chemoradiotherapy is a potential early imaging biomarker of response that may be helpful in distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in patients with high-grade glioma.
Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes of Twin Pregnancies in Turkey

This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing, in the light of results of other research carried out in the present researchers' clinic and in Turkey, the status of twin pregnancies in Turkey, the incidence of twin births, perinatal and mortality rates associated with twin pregnancies, and the problems experienced in Turkey in cases of multiple and twin pregnancies. Materials and Methodology: The outcomes of twin births that occurred at the researchers' clinic during the period 2001–2009 were studied retrospectively. Seventeen studies conducted in Turkey on multiple and twin pregnancies during the years 1991–2010 were included in the study. Findings: It was observed that the mean multiple pregnancy rate in Turkey is 1.9% and the mean twin birth rate is 1.7%. It was also observed that a large majority (80–97.3%) of multiple pregnancies in Turkey are twin pregnancies. It was noted from Turkish literature that the mean gestational age of twins at birth varies between 33–36.2 weeks and that mean birthweights are 2065–2327 grams for the first-born twin and 1887–2262 grams for the second-born. These findings were observed to be lower than what is indicated in the literature. Perinatal and neonatal mortality, at 58–156/1000 and 40–98/1000 respectively, were seen to be higher than in the literature. Conclusion: It can be seen that preterm birth rates for twin pregnancies in Turkey are higher than what is indicated in the literature and that prenatal and neonatal mortality rates are also similarly higher.
Luteal Microenvironment Directs Resident T Lymphocyte Function in Cows1

ABSTRACT The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. Functional interactions exist between peripheral T cells and luteal cells in vitro; however, the precise role of resident T cells (RTC) remains unknown. The goals of the present study were to isolate RTC from within the CL and determine if alteration of luteal function resulted in changes in RTC phenotypes. Functional lymphocyte phenotypes identified in the bovine CL by using quantitative flow cytometric analysis were clearly different from those in the peripheral circulation. The proportion of CD8+ RTC was greater than CD4+ RTC. These proportions were opposite in peripheral blood. The proportion of γδ+ lymphocytes was not different in the CL compared to that in peripheral blood nor was it altered during luteal regression. There was a significant increase in CD8αα+ and γδ+CD8αα+ RTC during luteal regression. The proportion of FOXP3+ lymphocytes in the CL was greater than that isolated from peripheral blood, and this proportion of lymphocytes was dramatically reduced by induction of luteolysis. Within the CL of early pregnancy, there was an increase in the CD8αβ+ and γδ+CD8αβ+ populations compared to those in the CL of nonpregnant animals. Based on these data, we concluded that the functional state of the CL creates a microenvironment that regulates the recruitment of or differentiation into specific lymphocyte types. Understanding the interactions between steroidogenic cells and ovarian lymphocytes within CL will not only enhance understanding of reproductive function but may provide vital clues to lymphocyte regulation within tissues.
Modeling the dissolution of settling CaCO3 in the ocean

The production, transport, and dissolution of carbonate shells plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. For instance, these processes affect the ocean's CO32− concentration, which, on glacial‐interglacial timescales, is involved in the regulation of atmospheric pCO2. The saturation state of the ocean with respect to calcium carbonate suggests that any dissolution of calcium carbonate takes place not in the water column but at the seafloor. On the other hand, several authors suggest that a significant part of the dissolution takes place in the upper part of the water column. In the present paper, a simple model is presented to investigate under which circumstances dissolution of calcium carbonate in the water column may be plausible. Our analysis also includes dissolution facilitated by CO2 release from organic carbon remineralization, which may generate a microenvironment that is undersaturated with respect to CaCO3. In marine snow aggregates, however, respiration‐driven dissolution is shown to be insignificant due to the size and settling velocities of the aggregates. With respect to aragonite, dissolution in the water column attributable to the bulk saturation state alone is significant and may well contribute to the alkalinity maximum in the undersaturated intermediate waters of the North Pacific Ocean. The suggested large loss of calcium carbonate dissolved in the water column (60–80% of CaCO3 production), however, cannot be explained by the mechanisms investigated here.
HIV screening intentions, behaviors, and practices among nurse practitioners

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE HIV/AIDS is a significant public health issue for individuals living in the United States. Federal agencies and key stakeholders recommend routine HIV/AIDS screening among individuals aged 13-64 of age, yet few studies focus on the nurse practitioner's (NP) perspective. The purpose of this study was to examine routine HIV screening intentions, behaviors, and practices using a national sample of NPs. METHODS Cross-sectional study utilizing a random sample of 600 NPs from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners™ organization. A total of 141 NPs returned complete responses to the paper and pencil questionnaire and were included in the study. CONCLUSIONS One-quarter (25%, n = 35) of the NPs reported routine HIV screening behavior. Half (48%, n = 67) reported intentions to increase routine HIV screening in the next year. HIV screening practices were reported as risk-based and patient-initiated among this sample of NPs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In the U.S. healthcare system, NPs serve as leaders in primary and secondary prevention, screening and identifying individuals who are unaware of their HIV infection. Greater coordinated efforts and new system approaches are needed to help NPs adapt HIV screening recommendations and practice guidelines.
The association of periodontal disease with kidney function decline: a longitudinal retrospective analysis of the MrOS dental study.

BACKGROUND Identifying modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for reducing its burden. Periodontal disease is common, modifiable and has been implicated as a novel potential CKD risk factor, but evidence of its association with kidney function decline over time is limited. METHODS In a longitudinal retrospective cohort of 761 elderly men with preserved kidney function [estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) using a calibrated creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) equation] at baseline, we performed multivariable Poisson's regression to examine the association of severe periodontal disease with incident CKD, defined as incident eGFRcr-cys <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and rapid (>5% annualized) eGFRcr-cys decline. Severe periodontal disease was defined in two ways: (i) ≥5 mm proximal attachment loss in 30% of teeth examined (European Workshop in Periodontology Group C, European Workshop); and (ii) 2+ interproximal sites with attachment loss ≥6 mm and 1+ interproximal sites with probing depth ≥5 mm (Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology, CDC/AAP). RESULTS At baseline, the mean age was 73.4 (SD 4.8) years, the median eGFRcr-cys was 82.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and 35.5 and 25.4% of participants had severe periodontal disease by European Workshop and CDC/AAP criteria, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 years (SD 0.3), 56 (7.4%) participants had incident CKD. Severe periodontal disease was associated with a 2-fold greater rate of incident CKD [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.01 (1.21-3.44), P = 0.007] after adjusting for confounders compared with not severe periodontal disease by European Workshop criteria but did not reach statistical significance by CDC/AAP criteria [IRR 1.10 (0.63-1.91), P = 0.9]. CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontal disease may be associated with incident clinically significant kidney function decline among a cohort of elderly men.
Rapid star formation and global gravitational collapse

Most young stars in nearby molecular clouds have estimated ages of 1–2 Myr, suggesting that star formation is rapid. However, small numbers of stars in these regions with inferred ages of >rsim5–10 Myr have been cited to argue that star formation is instead a slow, quasi-static process. When considering these alternative pictures it is important to recognize that the age spread in a given star-forming cloud is necessarily an upper limit to the time-scales of local collapse, as not all spatially distinct regions will start contracting at precisely the same instant. Moreover, star-forming clouds may dynamically evolve on time-scales of a few Myr; in particular, global gravitational contraction will tend to yield increasing star formation rates with time due to generally increasing local gas densities. We show that two different numerical simulations of dynamic, flow-driven molecular cloud formation and evolution (1) predict age spreads for the main stellar population roughly consistent with observations and (2) raise the possibility of forming small numbers of stars early in cloud evolution, before global contraction concentrates the gas and the bulk of the stellar population is produced. In general, the existence of a small number of older stars among a generally much younger population is consistent with the picture of dynamic star formation and may even provide clues to the time evolution of star-forming clouds.
Hot Interstellar Gas in the Irregular Galaxy NGC 4449

NGC 4449 is an irregular galaxy with a moderately high star formation activity. The massive stars in NGC 4449 have given rise to many bright HII regions, superbubbles, supergiant shells, and "chimney-like" radial filaments. ROSAT X-ray observations of NGC 4449 have revealed four point-like sources and a wide-spread diffuse emission. The spectral properties of the diffuse component suggest that the emission originates from hot interstellar gas. We have compared deep ground-based H-alpha images with the X-ray images of NGC 4449 to determine the relationship between the hot (10^6 K) and the warm (10^4 K) components of the interstellar gas. We have also used an archival Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 image of NGC 4449 taken through the F606W filter to examine the massive stellar content of the X-ray-emission regions. We find that hot interstellar gas exists in (1) active star forming regions, including the giant H II region CM 16, (2) probable outflows from star forming regions, and (3) the supergiant shell SGS2. The X-ray data have been used to derive the rms electron density, mass, and thermal energy of the hot interior of SGS2. Finally we discuss the origin of SGS2 and implications of the detection of diffuse X-rays in irregular galaxies.
Dimensions of calcium release domains in frog skeletal muscle fibers

The spatiotemporal properties of the Ca2+ release process in skeletal muscle fibers were determined using an improved confocal spot detection system. Muscle fibers were loaded with the low affinity fluorescent Ca2+ indicator OGB-5N and localized action potential-induced fluorescence signals were recorded from consecutive locations separated by 200 nm within a single sarcomere. Three-dimensional reconstructions on the Ca2+ transients illustrate the existence of domains of increased fluorescence around Ca2+ release sites in the neighborhood of the T-tubules. We estimated the dimensions of these domains by drawing isochronal curves ((delta) F/F vs. spot position) and fitting Gaussian profiles to them. It was found that the earliest detectable full-width-at-half- maximum of these profiles was 0.77 +/- 0.25 micrometers and increased rapidly with time to 1.4 +/- 0.2 micrometers at their peak (18 degree(s)C). A brief, but statistically significant delay of 0.8 +/- 0.42ms was observed between the onset of the fluorescent transients at the Z- and M-lines. Our results are compatible with the possibility that, in response to AP stimulation, Ca2+ is not released exclusively from the junctional region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, but from a broader expanse of the triadic region.
A Randomized Trial of External Cephalic Version in Late Pregnancy

To assess the role of external cephalic version (ECV) in late pregnancy. A prospective randomized controlled trial of external cephalic version after 37 weeks gestation. All women, in whom routine ultrasound examination during the 37 th week of pregnancy had shown a single breech presentation were eligible for recruitment. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Sher -i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar. 60 women with breech presentation at term were recruited after satisfying eligibility criteria. There were 30 women in study group and 30 in the control group. Intervention - ECV was attempted in study group in dorsal position with left lateral tilt over a maximum period of 5 minutes. Main outcome measures - Success rate in terms of presentation during labour, need for caesarean section and various variables related to foetal outcome.ECV was successful in 24 out of 30 patients (80%). Breech presentation at delivery occurred in 93.3% of the control group and in 20% of the ECV group. The caesarean section rates were 73.3% and 20% respectively. There were no troublesome complications from the procedure.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF DISPARITIES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS' MORAL JUDGMENTS AND MORAL INTENTIONS A Master's Thesis

One major issue that needs to be investigated in the area of business ethics is the disparities between individuals' moral judgments and their actual behaviors. Since it is very difficult to measure actual behaviors, moral intentions are measured in the current study, instead of behaviors. A multidimensional approach including the analysis of gender differences and effects of work experience on moral judgments and moral intentions, factors influencing moral judgments, factors preventing unethical behavior and factors influencing people to engage in unethical behavior was followed in the study. Results show that there are disparities between MBA students' and managers' moral judgments and moral intentions in some situations, that there are significant gender differences in some situations (but not enough to make generalizations), that differences in moral judgments mainly stem from differences in value structures, and that MBA students' and managers' perceptions of the importance of factors preventing unethical behavior differ significantly.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the gene for dopamine Beta-hydroxylase.

OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to be highly heritable, and recent molecular genetics studies have focused on candidate genes in the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. One recent study reported an association of an allele of the TaqI polymorphism located in the fifth intron of the gene for dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). The authors' goal was to replicate this finding. METHOD The authors investigated the linkage of the alleles and haplotypes of three polymorphisms at the DBH locus in 117 nuclear families with ADHD. RESULTS No significant evidence was found for linkage of the TaqI alleles or haplotypes in the 117 families. However, the authors observed some evidence for biased transmission of the same allele of the TaqI polymorphism, as previously reported. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the gene for DBH should be investigated further.
A note on the tangle model for DNA recombination

AbstractThe tangle model developed by Ernst and Sumners provides a rigorous framework to study processive DNA recombination. We suggest here a slight modification of that model. The tangle equations become: $$\begin{gathered} N(S) = b(1,1), \hfill \\ N(S + M) = b(2,1), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M) = b(5,2), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M + M) = b(8,5), \hfill \\ N(S + M + M + M + M) = b(11,7), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ where M is the mechanism tangle, and S is the substrate tangle, that is the sum of O (outside tangle) and P (parent tangle). The advantage of this revisited model is that it faithfully models the fact that the recombination mechanism is the same during each event of recombination. This leads to new solutions for O and P, some of which are interesting from a biological viewpoint.