Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investor Overconfidence And Trading Volume: The Case Of An Emergent Market

It has been a challenge for financial economists to explain some stylized facts observed in securities markets, among them, high levels of trading volume. The most prominent explanation of excess volume is overconfidence. High market returns make investors overconfident and as a consequence, these investors trade more subsequently. The aim of our paper is to study the impact of the phenomenon of overconfidence on the trading volume and its role in the formation of the excess volume on the Tunisian stock market. Based on the work of Statman, Thorley and Vorkink (2006) and by using VAR models and impulse response functions, we find little evidence of the overconfidence hypothesis when we use volume (shares traded) as proxy of trading volume.
Trait-Based Representation of Biological Nitrification: Model Development, Testing, and Predicted Community Composition

Trait-based microbial models show clear promise as tools to represent the diversity and activity of microorganisms across ecosystem gradients. These models parameterize specific traits that determine the relative fitness of an “organism” in a given environment, and represent the complexity of biological systems across temporal and spatial scales. In this study we introduce a microbial community trait-based modeling framework (MicroTrait) focused on nitrification (MicroTrait-N) that represents the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) using traits related to enzyme kinetics and physiological properties. We used this model to predict nitrifier diversity, ammonia (NH3) oxidation rates, and nitrous oxide (N2O) production across pH, temperature, and substrate gradients. Predicted nitrifier diversity was predominantly determined by temperature and substrate availability, the latter was strongly influenced by pH. The model predicted that transient N2O production rates are maximized by a decoupling of the AOB and NOB communities, resulting in an accumulation and detoxification of nitrite to N2O by AOB. However, cumulative N2O production (over 6 month simulations) is maximized in a system where the relationship between AOB and NOB is maintained. When the reactions uncouple, the AOB become unstable and biomass declines rapidly, resulting in decreased NH3 oxidation and N2O production. We evaluated this model against site level chemical datasets from the interior of Alaska and accurately simulated NH3 oxidation rates and the relative ratio of AOA:AOB biomass. The predicted community structure and activity indicate (a) parameterization of a small number of traits may be sufficient to broadly characterize nitrifying community structure and (b) changing decadal trends in climate and edaphic conditions could impact nitrification rates in ways that are not captured by extant biogeochemical models.
Diel Production and Microheterotrophic Utilization of Dissolved Free Amino Acids in Waters Off Southern California

Diel patterns of dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) concentration and microheterotrophic utilization were examined in the spring and fall of 1981 in euphotic waters from the base of the mixed layer off the southern California coast. The average depths of the isotherms sampled were 19.2 m for spring and 9.0 m for fall. Total DFAA levels were generally higher in the spring than in the fall, 18 to 66 nM and 14 to 20 nM, respectively. Two daily concentration maxima and minima were observed for total DFAAs as well as for most individual DFAAs. Maxima were usually measured in the mid-dark period and in the early afternoon; minima were typically observed in early morning and late afternoon. Bacterial cell numbers reached maximal values near midnight in both seasons. These increases coincided with one of the total DFAA maxima. The second total DFAA maximum occurred in early to midafternoon, during the time of maximum photosynthetic carbon production and rapid dissolved amino acid utilization. Microbial metabolism (incorporation plus respiration) of selected 3H-amino acids was 2.7 to 4.1 times greater during the daylight hours. DFAA turnover times, based on these metabolic measurements, ranged between 11 and 36 h for the amino acids tested, and rates were 1.7 to 3.7 times faster in the daylight hours than at night. DFAA distributions were related to primary production and chlorophyll a concentrations. Amino acids were estimated to represent 9 to 45% of the total phytoplankton exudate. Microheterotrophic utilization or production of total protein amino acids was estimated as 3.6 μg of C liter−1 day−1 in spring and 1.9 μg of C liter−1 day−1 in the fall. Assimilation efficiency for dissolved amino acids averaged 65% for marine microheterotrophs.
The production of syllables in connected speech

intermediate forms. Since the stop surfaces as an onset, it never is in a coda position, where it could devoice. Consequently, participants should clearly hear the difference between words ending in an underlyingly voiced and a voiceless stop. The results showed that, as in the final and the nasal context, participants could not distinguish the two members of a minimal pair in the clitic context. Final devoicing hence applies in encliticized forms. encliticized not encliticized ω ω ω / \ I l (ra:)0(d9n)0 (ra:t)0 (εη)„ Figure 19. Predictions of the Model of Phonological Encoding for Final Devoicing in Encliticized and not Encliticized Forms However, there remains a potential problem with the study described above: Encliticization is an optional process in Dutch. When it does not apply, the noun and the function word form separate phonological words. In this case, the strong form of the function word is realized and is a prosodie word on its own. Under these circumstances, also the model of phonological encoding predicts that the word-final obstruent is voiceless, since the two prosodie words are syllabified separately. The final obstruent of the noun is then realized as voiceless, as shown
Black Box Recording of Passive Seismicity: Pitfalls of not Understanding your Acquisition Instrumentation and its Limitations

Summary We discuss recording system design for effective monitoring of induced seismicity ranging in magnitude from -4 < M < +4. As part of the discussion, we outline frequency and bandwidth limitations, consider different noise and resonance effects on signals, the effects of coupling behaviour, and introduce spectral characteristics typical of signals recorded downhole and at or near the surface. We further provide the basis for which an understanding of how these limitations could affect data collection and interpretation of results (estimates of magnitude, source radii, discrete fracture network) and improve our approach to recording interpretable data. Overall, we emphasize how utilizing the appropriate instruments can be used to avoid some common pitfalls in recording passive seismicity.
Is there immune dysfunction in depressive disorders?

The hypotheses that psychological disorders result in disturbed immune function, and that such dysfunction, in turn, predisposes the individual to later physical illness, underpin the infant field of 'psychoimmunology'. Despite its short history the discipline has attracted considerable criticism. For example, in a British Medical Journal editorial, Denman (1986) stated that 'little (evidence) suggests that immune reactions are appreciably altered in depressive illnesses' but expressed his principal concern when he concluded 'even if one were to accept that depressive illnesses are associated with perturbed lymphocyte responses, there is sparse evidence that the changes matter'. Similarly, in response to a 1987 Lancet editorial titled 'Depression, stress and immunity', Hall (1987) claimed that 'the effect of psychological factors on the immune response is always marginal and inconsequential and usually undetectable'. We believe that critical examination of the available data should dissuade research workers from abandoning the field prematurely, especially with regard to depressive disorders. The conclusions of other recent reviews have expressed cautious support for the claim that a significant association between immune dysfunction and depression has been established (Calabrese el al. 1987; Perez & Farrant, 1988; O'Donnell et al. 1988) although some remain sceptical (King & Cooper, 1989). All these reviews attempt to avoid the impression that psychoimmunology is merely 'an unholy alliance between the fringes of psychology and immunology' (Hall, 1987).
The Informal Economy Is An Employer, A Nuisance And A Goldmine: Multiple Representations Of and Responses To Informality in Accra, Ghana

An analysis of multiple sources of evidence, including field interviews and non-participant observation, shows that the informal economy in Accra, Ghana has a complex relationship with the state, not only as a nuisance or employer, but also as an avenue to reward and punish political supporters and opponents. Although informal people are regularly being forcibly evicted, they are not merely "on the run. " Rather, they, in turn, are regularly engaging the state in multiple ways to maintain or reclaim urban space, a
A New methodology for piecewise affine models using Voronoi partitions

This paper presents a new methodology for obtaining piecewise affine (PWA) models using Voronoi partitions. To develop a PWA model, a new function approximation method using a set of linearisation points (SLP) and Voronoi partitions is proposed. An automated approximation procedure using the SLP method is outlined. The SLP method is compared to a uniform grid (UG) approximation, which is the current method being used in the literature of PWA. Finally, the new methodology is applied to a UAV model.
Store Satisfaction and Store Loyalty Explained by Customer- and Store-Related Factors

This study uses Dickson's (1982) framework as a starting point and distinguishes a person antecedent (consumer relationship proneness), a situation antecedent (store image) and a person-within-situation (positive affect) antecedent of store satisfaction. In addition, there is a focus on trust and commitment, as these constructs are generally recognized as important mediators of the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. Data from 357 consumers of a large European supermarket chain were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and provided support for our conceptual model. Results reveal that consumer relationship proneness as well as store image as well as positive affect have a positive impact on store satisfaction and together explain 67% of its variance. Moreover, it was found that satisfaction positively impacts trust which in turn leads to commitment and finally to increased word-of-mouth, purchase intentions and price insensitivity. An important implication of the study is that researchers as well as practitioners need to systematically consider different types of antecedents of store satisfaction as their joint impact adds to an understanding of the concept of store satisfaction.
Avoiding Segmentation in Multi-Digit Numeral String Recognition by Combining Single and Two-Digit Classifiers Trained without Negative Examples

The objective of the present work is to provide an efficient technique for off-line recognition of handwritten numeral strings. It can be used in various applications, like postal code recognition or information extraction from fields of different forms. The proposed solution uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to implement two classifiers, one for digit recognition and one for numeral strings composed from two digits partially overlapped. Both classifiers are trained without negative examples. By comparing the results of the classifiers it can decide if the image contains one digit or two partially overlapped digits. The use of the two-digit strings classifier completely relieves our method from the usage of segmentation. The method is evaluated on a well-known numeral strings database - NIST Special Database 19 - and the results are comparable with the best results from literature, even if those are using elaborate segmentation and training with negative examples.
Insights into Analogy Completion from the Biomedical Domain

Analogy completion has been a popular task in recent years for evaluating the semantic properties of word embeddings, but the standard methodology makes a number of assumptions about analogies that do not always hold, either in recent benchmark datasets or when expanding into other domains. Through an analysis of analogies in the biomedical domain, we identify three assumptions: that of a Single Answer for any given analogy, that the pairs involved describe the Same Relationship, and that each pair is Informative with respect to the other. We propose modifying the standard methodology to relax these assumptions by allowing for multiple correct answers, reporting MAP and MRR in addition to accuracy, and using multiple example pairs. We further present BMASS, a novel dataset for evaluating linguistic regularities in biomedical embeddings, and demonstrate that the relationships described in the dataset pose significant semantic challenges to current word embedding methods.
Effects of chitosan and plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , anthracnose levels and quality of papaya fruit

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal effect of chitosan and aqueous extracts of custard apple leaves, papaya leaves and papaya seeds, and the combination of chitosan and plant extracts on the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose on papaya. Chitosan at 2.0% and 3.0% had a fungicidal effect on C. gloeosporioides. Extracts alone did not show any fungicidal effect while the combination of 2.5% chitosan with all the tested extracts had a fungistatic rather than fungicidal effect. Changes in the conidial morphology of C. gloeosporioides were observed with 1.5% chitosan concentration after 7 h incubation. For in situ studies, control of anthracnose disease was obtained with 1.5% chitosan applied before C. gloeosporioides inoculation. Phomopsis was most frequently isolated from the non-inoculated fruit. Chitosan applications did not influence the content of total solid solubles or percentage weight loss during the storage of papaya fruit. However, there was a tendency toward greater firmness in fruit treated with the papaya seed extract alone or combined with chitosan. r 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Efficient Design of Integrated Wideband Polarization Splitter/Combiner

We propose a novel design of integrated polarization splitter/combiner with ultra wide bandwidth. The proposed design utilizes the electro-optic (Pockels) effect in GaAs for splitting the polarizations. It also exploits the self imaging phenomenon in MMI couplers with a parabolic index distribution in the vertical direction to significantly increase the bandwidth. We also propose a novel approach for design optimization of the proposed structure. This approach is capable of extracting the propagation constants and their gradient with respect to all the design parameters. This allows for using gradient-based optimization. The computational time of this optimization procedure is only a fraction of that for other recently proposed approaches.
Taxonomy of XML schema languages using formal language theory

On the basis of regular tree grammars, we present a formal framework for XML schema languages. This framework helps to describe, compare, and implement such schema languages in a rigorous manner. Our main results are as follows: (1) a simple framework to study three classes of tree languages (local, single-type, and regular); (2) classification and comparison of schema languages (DTD, W3C XML Schema, and RELAX NG) based on these classes; (3) efficient document validation algorithms for these classes; and (4) other grammatical concepts and advanced validation algorithms relevant to an XML model (e.g., binarization, derivative-based validation).
A novel control concept for reliable operation of a three-phase three-switch buck-type unity-power-factor rectifier with integrated boost output stage under heavily unbalanced mains condition

In this paper the reliable operation of a three-phase three-switch buck-type pulsewidth-modulation unity-power-factor rectifier with integrated boost output stage under heavily unbalanced mains, i.e., mains voltage unbalance, loss of one phase, short circuit of two phases, or earth fault of one phase is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A brief description of the principle of operation and the most advantageous modulation method are given. The analytical calculation of the relative on-times of the active switching states and of the dc-link current reference value is treated in detail for active and deactivated boost output stage. Based on the theoretical considerations a control scheme which allows for controlling the system for any mains condition without changeover of the control structure is described. Furthermore, digital simulations as well as experimental results are shown which confirm the proposed control concept for different mains failure conditions and for the transition from balanced mains to a failure condition and vice versa. The experimental results are derived from a 5-kW prototype (input voltage range (280.480) V/sub rms/ line-to-line, output voltage 400 V/sub DC/) of the rectifier system, where the control is realized by a 32-bit digital signal processor.
The Scholar Identity Institute: Guiding Darnel and other Black Males

Despite the major push for higher student outcomes in graduation, school achievement, and test scores, even when legislated (NCLB, 2001), too many students fail to persist in school, often choosing to drop out as their last resort (Bridgeland, DiIulio, & Morison, 2006). Specifically, one third of our nation’s students drop out of school, even when they are not failing in school (Bridgeland et al., 2006). Further, half of Black and Latino students do not graduate from high school (U.S. Department of Education, 2008). A number of studies have been conducted on factors that contribute to students’ school disengagement and ultimate withdrawal. In this column, I briefly examine recent reports on diverse students who dropped out of high school, and then discuss a program (the Scholar Identity Institute) that is designed to promote a scholar identity among Black males.
Gravin Orchestrates Protein Kinase A and β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Critical for Synaptic Plasticity and Memory

A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) organize compartmentalized pools of protein kinase A (PKA) to enable localized signaling events within neurons. However, it is unclear which of the many expressed AKAPs in neurons target PKA to signaling complexes important for long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and memory storage. In the forebrain, the anchoring protein gravin recruits a signaling complex containing PKA, PKC, calmodulin, and PDE4D (phosphodiesterase 4D) to the β2-adrenergic receptor. Here, we show that mice lacking the α-isoform of gravin have deficits in PKA-dependent long-lasting forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity including β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated plasticity, and selective impairments of long-term memory storage. Furthermore, both hippocampal β2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by PKA, and learning-induced activation of ERK in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are attenuated in mice lacking gravin-α. We conclude that gravin compartmentalizes a significant pool of PKA that regulates learning-induced β2-adrenergic receptor signaling and ERK activation in the hippocampus in vivo, thereby organizing molecular interactions between glutamatergic and noradrenergic signaling pathways for long-lasting synaptic plasticity, and memory storage.
Comparison of Microwave Versus Conventional Decalcification of Teeth Using Three Different Decalcifying Solutions

Background: In routine histopathology, decalcification of teeth is an essential and important step during tissue processing. The present study was attempted to decalcify teeth using microwave method and to compare it with conventional decalcification method. Aim: To compare microwave decalcification with conventional decalcification method with respect to the speed of decalcification, preservation of tissue structure, and efficacy of staining. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 single-rooted premolars were used for both conventional and microwave decalcification methods. Three different types of decalcifying agents at 5% and 7% were used. Decalcifying agents included nitric acid, formic acid, and trichloroacetic acid, each at 5% and 7%. About 6 teeth were included in each category and were decalcified by both conventional and microwave method. After decalcification, all the teeth were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Cramer′s V-test was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results have shown that microwave method using 5% and 7% nitric acid were the fastest. Structural details and good staining characteristics were better in teeth decalcified by 5% nitric acid and 5% trichloroacetic acid by both the methods. Conclusions: 5% nitric acid by microwave method proved to be the best decalcifying agent as it was fast and gave good structural details and staining characteristics.
Controllability Analysis for a Networked Dynamic System With Autonomous Subsystems

This technical note investigates the controllability of networked dynamic systems of which some subsystems are not directly affected by external inputs (i.e., autonomous). The topology can be arbitrary, and every subsystem can have different dynamics and even different number of states, inputs and outputs. We show that to guarantee the controllability of the whole system, every subsystem should be controllable when isolated. We establish some necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to be controllable. These conditions essentially depend on the parameters of every subsystem separately or the strongly connected autonomous subsystems, which reduce significantly computation complexity for large-scale networked systems. We reveal that heterogenous networked systems under some assumptions can be separated into several independent subnetworks, such that the controllability of the whole system is equal to the controllability of each subnetwork. Based on these conditions, criteria that can be easily verified are given for the controllability of networked systems with some special topologies.
A Critique of the Research on Learning Styles.

T he primary objective for the study and application of learn ing styles has been to improve the immediate and long-term results of general teaching-learning episodes (for example, Biggs 1988, Papalia 1978, Smith and Renzulli 1983). Spe cifically, the field claims to influence four aspects of teaching and learning in schools: ( I) curriculum design (Popkewitz et al. 1982, Wang 1980); (2) instructional methods (Corno and Snow 1986); (3) assessment methods; and (4) student guidance (Snow 1986). These claims for affecting the primary processes of schooling are indeed big. How good are they? Is this a new elephant we are blindly exam ining, or has the old beast just rear ranged itself?