Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-(4-Tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-cholorphyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine -1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC), a Novel, Orally Effective Vanilloid Receptor 1 Antagonist with Analgesic Properties: II. In Vivo Characterization in Rat Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

The vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) is a cation channel expressed predominantly by nociceptive sensory neurons and is activated by a wide array of pain-producing stimuli, including capsaicin, noxious heat, and low pH. Although the behavioral effects of injected capsaicin and the VR1 antagonist capsazepine have indicated a potential role for VR1 in the generation and maintenance of persistent pain states, species differences in the molecular pharmacology of VR1 and a limited number of selective ligands have made VR1 difficult to study in vivo. N-(4-Tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-cholorphyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropryazine-1(2H)-carbox-amide (BCTC) is a recently described inhibitor of capsaicin- and acid-mediated currents at rat VR1. Here, we report the effects of BCTC on acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain in rats. Administration of BCTC (30 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of 30 μg of capsaicin. In rats with Freund's complete adjuvantinduced inflammation, BCTC significantly reduced the accompanying thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia (3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg p.o., respectively). BCTC also reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia 2 weeks after partial sciatic nerve injury (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). BCTC did not affect motor performance on the rotarod after administration of doses up to 50 mg/kg p.o. These data suggest a role for VR1 in persistent and chronic pain arising from inflammation or nerve injury.
LAPACK Working Note 70: On the Correctness of Parallel Bisection in Floating Point

Bisection is an easily parallelizable method for finding the eigenvalues of real symmetric tridiagonal matrices, or more generally symmetric acyclic matrices. It requires a function Count(x) which counts the number of eigenvalues less than x. In exact arithmetic Count(x) is an increasing function of x, but this is not necessarily the case with roundoff. Our first result is that as long as the floating point arithmetic is monotonic, the computed function Count(x) implemented appropriately will also be monotonic; this extends an unpublished 1966 result of Kahan to the larger class of symmetric acyclic matrices. Second, we analyze the impact of non\-monotonicity of Count(x) on the serial and parallel implementations of bisection. We present simple and natural implementations which can fail because of nonmonotonicity; this includes the routine bisect in EISPACK. We also show how to implement bisection correctly despite nonmonotonicity; this is important because the fastest known parallel implementation of Count(x) is nonmonotonic even if the floating point is not.
Show Me or Tell Me: Designing Avatars for Feedback

Avatarscanbeemployedasamotivationaltool,forexample,allowingnon-verbalcommunicationthat can be close to human communication. We describe two lab studies where we presented participants with avatars that communicated verbally via text and visually via expressions. In the first study, participants rated five different categories of captions and corresponding avatars. Results showed that the most persuasive, consistent and trustworthy verbal feedback was given in a humanized form. The second study was an exhaustive forced choice experiment where participants chose the happiest avatar from a pair displayed. Results showed participants found visual avatars more expressive and easier to understand than their verbal counterparts, and that users respond differently when presented with negative or positive emotions. This paper contributes to a better understanding of how to design feedback for expressive avatars.
Ties That Last

Using a longitudinal dataset of research collaborations over 15 years at Stanford University, we build a theory of intraorganizational task relationships that distinguishes the different factors associated with the formation and persistence of network ties. We highlight six factors: shared organizational foci, shared traits and interests, tie advantages from popularity, tie reinforcement from third parties, tie strength and multiplexity, and the instrumental returns from the products of ties. Findings suggest that ties form when unfamiliar people identify desirable and matching traits in potential partners. By contrast, ties persist when familiar people reflect on the quality of their relationship and shared experiences. The former calls for shallow, short-term strategies for assessing a broad array of potential ties; the latter calls for long-term strategies and substantive assessments of a relationship’s worth so as to draw extended rewards from the association. This suggests that organizational activities geared toward sustaining persistent intraorganizational task relationships need to be different from activities aimed at forging new ones.
Fachspezifische Selbstkonzepte und Schulleistungen im dimensionalen Vergleich : Eine versuchsplanerische Überprüfung des I/E-Modells

Zusammenfassung: Obwohl schulische Leistungen deutlich positiv korrelieren, zeigen sich zwischen fachspezifischen Selbstkonzepten schulischer Leistungen und Fahigkeiten haufig weitaus geringere Korrelationen. Das “Internal/External Frame of Reference-Modell” (I/E-Modell) erklart dies: Soziale Vergleichsprozesse und dimensionale Vergleichsprozesse sind konfundiert. Eine aus dem I/E-Modell ableitbare Annahme ist bislang kaum uberpruft worden: Dimensionale Vergleichsprozesse haben vor allem bei Unterschiedlichkeit von Leistungen Effekte auf die Selbstkonzepte und spielen bei Leistungsgleichheit keine nennenswerte Rolle. Anhand einer Stichprobe von rund 1500 Schulern der 7. und 8. Jahrgangsstufe wird bei vier Fachern gezeigt, dass nur bei unterschiedlichen Noten die entsprechenden Selbstkonzepte gering korrelieren. Fallen die Noten in verschiedenen Fachern dagegen gleich aus, reduzieren sich die Effekte internaler (d.h. dimensionale) Vergleichsprozesse, kontrastierende Effekte verringern sich, so dass auch di.
Relationships among Faculty, Peer, and Self-Evaluations of Applied Performances

This study is the second in a series examining relationships among faculty, peer, and self-evaluations of applied music end-of-semester performances. At three locations, college and university voice, percussion, woodwind, brass, and stringed instrument instructors rated undergraduate performances. Later, the performers rated the same set of performances (one of which was their own) on videotape. Ranging from . 23 to . 93, total score faculty interjudge reliability was mixed. Total score interjudge reliability among student (peer) panels was more consistent (.83-. 89). Most category score reliabilities were acceptable, although there was a wide range. Consistent with results of the first investigation, correlations between faculty and peer evaluations generally were high, ranging from . 61 (p < .10) to . 98 (p < .01). Also consistent with results of the first investigation, self-evaluation correlated poorly with both faculty and peer evaluation. No significant differences in self-evaluation were found among performance concentrations (voice, percussion, etc.) or between preliminary-level (first or second year) and upper-level (third year and beyond) performance status.
Reexamining Media Capacity Theories Using Workplace Instant Messaging

This study empirically examines the general propositions of media capacity theories using a newer and increasing popular communication medium: Instant Messaging. We developed hypotheses based on the proposition that synchronous communication media would be perceived to be more effective for convergence communication and asynchronous communication media would be perceived to be more suitable for conveyance communication. These hypotheses were tested using data collected from 81 IM users in four organizations by means of survey instruments developed for this study. The results suggested that although IM was perceived to be a highly synchronous communication medium, it was not perceived to be as effective for convergence communication as for conveyance communication. These results challenge the general propositions of media capacity theories. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well-being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self-efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.
SRI in Taylor-Couette flow heated from above

We investigate the instability and nonlinear saturation of temperature-stratified Taylor-Couette flows in a finite height cylindrical gap and calculate angular-momentum transport in the nonlinear regime. The model is based on an incompressible fluid in Boussinesq approximation with a positive axial temperature gradient applied. While both ingredients itself, the differential rotation as well as the stratification due to the temperature gradient, are stable, together the system becomes subject of the stratoro-tational instability and nonaxisymmetric flow pattern evolve. This flow configuration transports angular momentum outwards and will therefor be relevant for astrophysical applications. The belonging viscosity α coefficient is of the order of unity if the results are adapted to the size of an accretion disc. The strength of the stratification, the fluids Prandtl number and the boundary conditions applied in the simulations are well-suited too for a laboratory experiment using water and a small temperature gradient below five Kelvin. With such a rather easy realizable setup the SRI and its angular momentum transport could be measured in an experiment.
The Effect of Age on Attentional Modulation in Dichotic Listening

The right-ear advantage (REA) in Dichotic listening (DL) reflects stimulus-driven bottom-up asymmetry in speech processing. The REA can be modified by top-down attentional control. We investigated attentional control in DL task as a function of age. A total of 186 participants between the ages of 5 and 79 years were tested. The youngest children demonstrated a REA that was not modified by attention, suggesting that bottom-up functional asymmetry was present. The 10–11-year-olds began to show ability to voluntarily modify DL, but only young adults were fully capable of doing so. In 59–79-year-olds, this top-down attentional control was lost again.
Concordance between dispersal and mitochondrial gene flow: isolation by distance in a tropical teleost, Lates calcarifer (Australian barramundi)

Patterns of population subdivision and the relationship between gene flow and geographical distance in the tropical estuarine fish Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) were investigated using mtDNA control region sequences. Sixty-three putative haplotypes were resolved from a total of 270 individuals from nine localities within three geographical regions spanning the north Australian coastline. Despite a continuous estuarine distribution throughout the sampled range, no haplotypes were shared among regions. However, within regions, common haplotypes were often shared among localities. Both sequence-based (average ΦST=0.328) and haplotype-based (average Φ ST=0.182) population subdivision analyses indicated strong geographical structuring. Depending on the method of calculation, geographical distance explained either 79 per cent (sequence-based) or 23 per cent (haplotype-based) of the variation in mitochondrial gene flow. Such relationships suggest that genetic differentiation of L. calcarifer has been generated via isolation-by-distance, possibly in a stepping-stone fashion. This pattern of genetic structure is concordant with expectations based on the life history of L. calcarifer and direct studies of its dispersal patterns. Mitochondrial DNA variation, although generally in agreement with patterns of allozyme variation, detected population subdivision at smaller spatial scales. Our analysis of mtDNA variation in L. calcarifer confirms that population genetic models can detect population structure of not only evolutionary significance but also of demographic significance. Further, it demonstrates the power of inferring such structure from hypervariable markers, which correspond to small effective population sizes.
User transparency: a fully sequential programming model for efficient data parallel image processing

Although many image processing applications are ideally suited for parallel implementation, most researchers in imaging do not benefit from high‐performance computing on a daily basis. Essentially, this is due to the fact that no parallelization tools exist that truly match the image processing researcher's frame of reference. As it is unrealistic to expect imaging researchers to become experts in parallel computing, tools must be provided to allow them to develop high‐performance applications in a highly familiar manner. In an attempt to provide such a tool, we have designed a software architecture that allows transparent (i.e. sequential) implementation of data parallel imaging applications for execution on homogeneous distributed memory MIMD‐style multicomputers. This paper presents an extensive overview of the design rationale behind the software architecture, and gives an assessment of the architecture's effectiveness in providing significant performance gains. In particular, we describe the implementation and automatic parallelization of three well‐known example applications that contain many fundamental imaging operations: (1) template matching; (2) multi‐baseline stereo vision; and (3) line detection. Based on experimental results we conclude that our software architecture constitutes a powerful and user‐friendly tool for obtaining high performance in many important image processing research areas. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Gender-Fair Look at Variability in Creativity: Growth in Variability Over a Period Versus Gender Comparison at a Time Point

Using two normative datasets of the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT), variability in creativity was studied in terms of growth over a period and gender comparison at a time point. New indices were introduced to tap growth in variability for men and women and new results were obtained for the growth in variability of various creative abilities measured by the WKCT. It was found that both male variability and female variability increased with time in both verbal and figural fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, and unusualness. For gender comparison of variability at a time point, the widely accepted gender-difference variance ratio was employed. In line with previous cognitive-intellectual research findings, results of this study showed that the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis had supportive evidence from responses to figural stimuli but not responses to verbal stimuli of the WKCT. The findings and the advantages of the new indices were discussed.
Tracing Discursive Resources: How Students Use Prior Genre Knowledge to Negotiate New Writing Contexts in First-Year Composition

While longitudinal research within the field of writing studies has contributed to our understanding of postsecondary students’ writing development, there has been less attention given to the discursive resources students bring with them into writing classrooms and how they make use of these resources in first-year composition courses. This article reports findings from a cross-institutional research study that examines how students access and make use of prior genre knowledge when they encounter new writing tasks in first-year composition courses. Findings reveal a range of ways student make use of prior genre knowledge, with some students breaking down their genre knowledge into useful strategies and repurposing it, and with others maintaining known genres regardless of task.
Managing to Overload?

Performance appraisals are traditionally seen as tools that can promote employee productivity. This article examines whether performance appraisals stimulate employee efforts beyond levels that employees regard as manageable, as measured by feelings of work overload. Using data from 2,399 employees, the study finds that participation in setting performance objectives, difficult objectives, and higher performance ratings are associated with increased levels of work overload. Trust in the supervisor was associated with lower levels of work overload. These findings suggest that some of the features associated with a well-designed appraisal system may generate adverse outcomes for employees and, subsequently, for their organizations.
Has Legal Realism Damaged the Legitimacy of the U.S. Supreme Court

Does understanding how U.S. Supreme Court justices actually decide cases undermine the institutional legitimacy of the nation’s highest court? To the extent that ordinary people recognize that the justices are deciding legal disputes on the basis of their own ideological biases and preferences – a tenet of Legal Realism and the Attitudinal Model – the belief that the justices merely “apply” the law – Mechanical Jurisprudence – is difficult to sustain. Although it is easy to see how the legitimacy of the Supreme Court – the most unaccountable of all American political institutions – is nurtured by the view that judicial decision making is discretionless, mechanical, and technical, the sources of institutional legitimacy under Legal Realism are less obvious. Here we posit – and demonstrate, using a nationally representative sample – that the American people understand judicial decision making in realistic terms, that they extend legitimacy to the Supreme Court, and they do so under the belief that judges exercise their discretion in a principled and sincere fashion. Belief in Mechanical Jurisprudence is not a necessary underpinning of judicial legitimacy; belief in legal realism is not incompatible with legitimacy.
Cholesterol Dependence of Varicella-Zoster Virion Entry into Target Cells

ABSTRACT The entry of inhaled virions into airway cells is presumably the initiating step of varicella-zoster infection. In order to characterize viral entry, we studied the relative roles played by lipid rafts and clathrin-mediated transport. Virus and target cells were pretreated with agents designed to perturb selected aspects of endocytosis and membrane composition, and the effects of these perturbations on infectious focus formation were monitored. Infectivity was exquisitely sensitive to methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and nystatin, which disrupt lipid rafts by removing cholesterol. These agents inhibited infection by enveloped, but not cell-associated, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in a dose-dependent manner and exerted these effects on both target cell and viral membranes. Inhibition by MβCD, which could be reversed by cholesterol replenishment, rapidly declined as a function of time after exposure of target cells to VZV, suggesting that an early step in viral infection requires cholesterol. No effect of cholesterol depletion, however, was seen on viral binding; moreover, there was no reduction in the surface expression or internalization of mannose 6-phosphate receptors, which are required for VZV entry. Viral entry was energy dependent and showed concentration-dependent inhibition by chlorpromazine, which, among other actions, blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These data suggest that both membrane lipid composition and clathrin-mediated transport are critical for VZV entry. Lipid rafts are likely to contribute directly to viral envelope integrity and, in the host membrane, may influence endocytosis, evoke downstream signaling, and/or facilitate membrane fusion.
DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC WELLNESS MODEL

In this article, the development of a theoretical holistic model that explained wellness was initially described. The contents of this wellness model provided a conceptual understanding of all the relevant factors that explain holistic wellness. The holistic wellness model contributed to theory building in the fields of organisational and positive psychology (psychofortology). The Indivisible Self: An Evidence-Based Model of Wellness that consists of 17 wellness and 4 contextual factors is an existing inventory that was successfully used abroad as a clinical wellness model in an organisational context (Myers and Sweeney, 2005). This wellness model served as base for the empirical assessment of the tenability of the 5 Factor Wellness Inventory. A principalaxes factor analysis of a data set obtained by means of the new wellness inventory, for the first time ever in a South African study, confirmed the factor structure of previous wellness research done abroad. Statistics of the wellness model, produced by structural equation modelling, confirmed a 19-factor model with reasonably goodness-of-fit indices. The empirical research data confirmed the appropriateness of The Indivisible Self: An Evidence-Based Model of Wellness for the insurance organisation. This wellness model could therefore be used as an independent model to explain wellness in terms of existing theory as well as from the results of the current empirical study. Research applications in the field of positive organisational behaviour as part of the paradigm of fortology are rapidly increasing. Both psychofortology and positive psychology support the development of strengths inherent in human
Children's Gender-Typed Preferences for Musical Instruments: An Intervention Study

This study investigated the influence of exposure to counter gender-stereotypic role models on children's gender-typed preferences for six musical instruments (piano, trumpet, violin, drums, guitar, flute). 357 children (aged 7-8 years) from three clusters of schools ranked their preferences for learning to play the six instruments and gave their gender-stereotyped beliefs about the instruments. Intervention concerts were performed at two of the three clusters of schools. Cluster 1 received concerts with gender-consistent role models (i.e., female playing flute, male playing drums); Cluster 2 received concerts with gender-inconsistent role models; Cluster 3 did not receive concerts (control schools). Instrument preferences were measured again immediately after the concerts. Results indicated an immediate impact of providing a counter-stereotypical role model on preferences for perceived "own-sex appropriate" instruments. Girls expressed less preference for the piano after observing a male musician playing the instrument. Boys ranked the guitar less favourably after they saw a female musician playing the guitar. In line with previous research, girls indicated greater interest in the piano, flute and violin than boys, whereas boys had a stronger preference for trumpet, guitar and drums than girls. Both girls and boys had similar ideas about which instruments would be played by either sex. Results are discussed with reference to social psychological theory of gender-related behaviour.