Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Evidence on the January Effect before Personal Income Taxes

The authors examine the returns of stocks in the Cowles Industrial Index before and after the introduction of personal income taxes in 1917. This is distinct from earlier studies because they cross-sectionally analyze the relationship between the returns of the individual stocks and measures of tax-loss selling potential and size. The authors find that excess returns at the turn-of-the-year and for the month of January were not significant until after 1917. These results provide strong support for the tax-loss selling hypothesis as an explanation for the January seasonal in the returns of small firms. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.
Presidential Success Through Appointments To The United States Courts Of Appeals

An enduring legacy for any president is achieved by appointing judges with similar policy preferences who then maintain those policy preferences during their tenure on the bench and long after leaving office. This process provides one of the few democratic checks on the judiciary. Some authors demonstrate that in the areas of social and economic policy, Supreme Court justices’ policy votes are concordant with their appointing presidents over time. We explore whether presidents are as successful at the courts of appeals level and find that they are. We also explore the influences on presidential success in nominating judges to these courts who then vote in concordance with their policy preferences; we find that the presence of a home-state senator of the president’s party substantially constrains presidential success. However, neither presidents’ appointment strategies, presidential popularity, nor the party composition of the Senate affected the degree of concordance between presidential policy preferences and judicial voting records.
Type III Secretion: a Virulence Factor Delivery System Essential for the Pathogenicity of Burkholderia mallei

ABSTRACT By creating mutations in the Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 animal pathogen-like type III secretion system (TTSS), this study analyzes the correlation between type III secretion and the pathogenicity of ATCC 23344 in vivo. Mutagenesis demonstrated that a functional TTSS was required for the full pathogenicity of ATCC 23344 in the BALB/c mouse and Syrian hamster models of infection. However, vaccination with each mutant failed to elicit a protective immunity against challenge with wild-type ATCC 23344.
Straightforward Individual Incentive Compatibility in Large Economies

which encourages agents to reveal the truth about themselves. Unless the truth is either known or else can be inferred from agents' revelations, it may be impossible to arrange an allocation that is feasible, let alone satisfactory in any welfare sense. Broadly speaking, " incentive compatibility " means that agents do indeed have an incentive to reveal the truth about themselves when they take account of the effect of their revelations upon the economic allocation.
Greater Protein and Energy Intake May Be Associated With Improved Mortality in Higher Risk Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Multinational Observational Study*

Objectives: Controversy exists about the value of greater nutritional intake in critically ill patients, possibly due to varied patient nutritional risk. The objective of this study was to investigate whether clinical outcomes vary by protein or energy intake in patients with risk evaluated by the NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill score. Design: Prospective observational cohort. Setting: A total of 202 ICUs. Patients: A total of 2,853 mechanically ventilated patients in ICU greater than or equal to 4 days and a subset of 1,605 patients in ICU greater than or equal to 12 days. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: In low-risk (NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill, < 5) and high-risk (NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill, ≥ 5) patients, mortality and time to discharge alive up to day 60 were assessed relative to nutritional intake over the first 12 days using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively. In high-risk but not low-risk patients, mortality was lower with greater protein (4-d sample: odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.98; p = 0.003 and 12-d sample: odds ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.96; p = 0.003) and energy (4-d sample: odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97; p < 0.001 and 12-d sample: odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83–0.94; p < 0.001) intake. In the 12-day sample, there was significant interaction among NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill category, mortality, and protein and energy intake, whereas in the 4-day sample, the test for interaction was not significant. In high-risk but not low-risk patients, time to discharge alive was shorter with greater protein (4-d sample: hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09; p = 0.01 and 12-d sample: hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.16; p = 0.002) and energy intake (4-d sample: hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09; p = 0.02 and 12-d sample: hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.16; p = 0.002). In the 12-day sample, there was significant interaction among NUTrition Risk in the Critically Ill category, time to discharge alive, and protein and energy intake, whereas in the 4-day sample, the test for interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Greater nutritional intake is associated with lower mortality and faster time to discharge alive in high-risk, longer stay patients but not significantly so in nutritionally low-risk patients.
ST2, an IL‐1R family member, attenuates inflammation and lethality after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

Ischemia reperfusion injury is characterized by local and systemic inflammation leading to considerable mortality. Previously, we have reported that soluble T1/ST2 (sST2), a member of the IL‐1 receptor gene family, inhibits LPS‐induced macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production. Here, we report the therapeutic effect of sST2‐Fc in a murine model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion‐induced injury. Administration of sST2‐Fc fusion protein i.v. , 10 min before reperfusion, reduced the production of TNF‐α dose‐dependently in the intestine and in the lungs. The sST2‐Fc treatment with the highest dose (100 μg) resulted in inhibited vascular permeability, neutrophilia, and hemorrhage in the intestine and the lungs compared with controls treated with normal IgG. This was associated with down‐regulated tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines, markedly reduced serum TNF‐α levels, and increased survival of mice from the sST2‐Fc‐treated group after ischemia and reperfusion injury. The beneficial effect of sST2‐Fc treatment was associated with elevated IL‐10 production in intestine and lung. sST2‐Fc was not able to prevent the inflammatory response associated with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in IL‐10‐deficient mice, suggesting that sST2 exerts its anti‐inflammatory effect in a IL‐10‐dependent manner. These results also demonstrate that sST2‐Fc may provide a novel, complementary approach in treating ischemic reperfusion injury.
Doubling of the capacity of child psychiatric services in a region of southwestern Norway—How did it affect the composition of the clinical population?

This study analyzes changes in reasons for referral, diagnoses, age at referral and waiting times when the capacity of child and adolescent mental health services in an area was doubled over an 8-year period. In the region studied, there is a population of 60,000 children in the age-range 0–13 years. The treatment capacity rose from treating 0.9% of the population per year to 1.8%. There were only slight changes in the distribution of reasons for referral. Among diagnoses, there was a significant increase in the proportion of hyperkinetic disorder, at the expense of stress-related disorders, conduct disorders and emotional disorders with onset in childhood. Furthermore, the study found that the wait duration and age at referral remained almost unchanged. The results of the study support that the capacity of the services in 2004 is still not sufficient to meet fully the population needs, and that awareness should be directed towards early intervention and children with emotional disorders.
Specific creatine rise in learned helplessness induced by electroconvulsive shock treatment

Metabolic changes in the hippocampus formation can be investigated with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Learned helplessness (LH) is a well validated animal model of depression which we established in Sprague–Dawley rats defining some as “learned helpless” (LH) or not “learned helpless” (NLH). Helpless and non-helpless rats received a course of daily administered electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) for 6 days. MRS measurements were performed on a 4.7 T animal scanner with an average voxel size within the rat hippocampus of 10 μl. In LH rats hippocampal creatine/NAA rose significantly (14%) whereas creatine/NAA of NLH rats showed no increase at all. A possible connection between hippocampal creatine levels and major depressive disorders as a reflection of changes in energy metabolism is discussed.
Predicting the location of mouth motor cortex in patients with brain tumors by using somatosensory evoked field measurements.

OBJECT Before resective brain surgery, localization of the functional regions is necessary to minimize postoperative deficits. The face area has been relatively difficult to map noninvasively by using functional imaging techniques. Preoperative localization of face somatosensory cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) may allow the surgeon to predict the location of mouth motor areas. METHODS The authors compared the location of face somatosensory cortex obtained with somatosensory evoked fields during preoperative MEG with the mouth motor areas identified during intraoperative electrocortical stimulation (ECS) mapping in 13 patients undergoing resection of brain tumor. RESULTS In this group of patients, ECS mouth motor sites were usually anterior and lateral to MEG localizations of lip somatosensory cortex. The consistent quantitative relationship between results of these two mapping procedures allows the practitioner to predict the location of mouth motor cortex based on noninvasive preoperative MEG measurements. CONCLUSIONS Based on this result, the authors suggest that somatosensory mapping using MEG can be used to guide intraoperative mapping and neurosurgical planning.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Multiple Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana Identifies Natural Allelic Variation for Trichome Density

The majority of biological traits are genetically complex. Mapping the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine these phenotypes is a powerful means for estimating many parameters of the genetic architecture for a trait and potentially identifying the genes responsible for natural variation. Typically, such experiments are conducted in a single mapping population and, therefore, have only the potential to reveal genomic regions that are polymorphic between the progenitors of the population. What remains unclear is how well the QTL identified in any one mapping experiment characterize the genetics that underlie natural variation in traits. Here we provide QTL mapping data for trichome density from four recombinant inbred mapping populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. By aligning the linkage maps for these four populations onto a common physical map, the results from each experiment were directly compared. Seven of the nine QTL identified are population specific while two were mapped in all four populations. Our results show that many lineage-specific alleles that either increase or decrease trichome density persist in natural populations and that most of this genetic variation is additive. More generally, these findings suggest that the use of multiple populations holds great promise for better understanding the genetic architecture of natural variation.
Functional flexibility: merely reacting or acting strategically?

This article raises the question of to what extent functional flexibility is an operatively designed approach with which European companies confront current short‐term changes in their environment, and whether functional flexibility is integrated into long‐term human resource strategies. The proposition is tested that organisations with a strategic human resource management in the sense of a coordinated, objective‐oriented personnel management pattern, show a higher probability of using job rotation than organisations lacking a strategic‐oriented human resource management approach.
Application of indocyanine green clearance test in dairy cows.

The indocyanine green excretion test was performed in dairy cows, and the usefulness of this test was demonstrated. The results were obtained as follows; (1) Absorption maximum of indocyanine green dye was observed at the wavelength of 805 nm, (2) The dose of indocyanine green dye was varied between 0.25 and 0.75 mg/kg body weight in heifers with no significant (P>0.05) difference in plasma clearance, (3) When the dose of 0.25 mg/kg body weight was given to cows, the disappearance was exponential from 2 to 8 min after injection of indocyanine green dye solution in heifers and calvers, and (4) No side effects during and after injection of indocyanine green dye solution were observed.
A Reexamination of Auditor versus Model Accuracy within the Context of the Going-Concern Opinion Decision*

The Cohen Commission and previous research have suggested that auditors' opinions are inferior indicators of bankruptcy relative to the predictions of statistical models. This research reexamines this question in light of two important considerations that make the comparison between audit opinions and model predictions considerably more reflective of the auditors' realâ€ world decision environment. First, the sample is partitioned into stressed and nonstressed observations and the importance of doing so is demonstrated; second, the statistical models and the forecast errors are adjusted so that they reflect the proportion of bankrupt firms actually faced by auditors. The empirical results provide convincing evidence suggesting that the notion established in previous research that auditors' opinions are interior to models in predicting bankruptcy is unfounded. It should be noted, however, that neither the auditors' opinions nor the bankruptcy prediction model are very good predictors of bankruptcy when population proportions, differences in misclassification costs, and financial stress levels are considered. RA©sumA©. Les travaux de recherche de la Commission Cohen et d'autres travaux qui les ont prA©cA©dA©s semblent indiquer que les opinions des vA©rificateurs sont des indicateurs de faillite moins efficaces que les prA©dictions des modA¨les statistiques. Les auteurs se penchent A leur tour sur cette question, A la lumiA¨re de deux A©lA©ments importants qui font en sorte que la comparaison entre les opinions des vA©rificateurs et les modA¨les prA©visionnels s'inscrit beaucoup plus dans le contexte dA©cisionnel vA©ritable dans lequel travaillent les vA©rificateurs. D'abord, l'A©chantillon est scindA© en deux groupes d'observations selon la prA©sence ou l'absence de contrainte financiA¨re, partage dont les auteurs expliquent l'importance; ensuite, les modA¨les statistiques et les erreurs prA©visionnelles sont ajustA©s de maniA¨re & reflA©ter la proportion des sociA©tA©s dont la faillite a A©tA© envisagA©e par le vA©rificateur. Les rA©sultats empiriques dA©montrent de faA§on probante que les conclusions tirA©es des travaux prA©cA©dents selon lesquelles les opinions des vA©rificateurs sont moins efficaces que les modA¨les en matiA¨re de prA©vision des faillites ne sont pas fondA©es. Il convient de noter, cependant, que ni les opinions des vA©rificateurs ni les modA¨les prA©visionnels ne sont des prA©dicteurs trA¨s efficaces des faillites si l'on tient compte des proportions de la population, des diffA©rences dans le coA»t des erreurs de classification et du niveau de contrainte financiA¨re.
Management of Intractable Hiccups

Often thought of as a benign and self-limited condition, hiccups can become persistent or intractable, and thus be associated with substantial morbidity and distress. In such cases, an underlying etiology is often present, and may be overlooked. Debilitating hiccups can present a major challenge to optimal symptom management. Various causes of protracted hiccups have been identified including metabolic abnormalities, central nervous system pathology, malignancy, medications, and disorders attributed to cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal etiologies. We present a case of intractable hiccups in a patient with an advanced hematological malignancy and review specific therapies for the management of persistent hiccups.
Financial intermediation and economic growth in developing countries

Presents a model that is suitable for evaluating not only the total effects of financial intermediation on economic growth, but also the channels through which the effects are brought about. These two channels are: the externality of financial on the real sector and the inter‐sectoral differential between financial and real sectors in the productivity of factors of production. Also presented is the conventional and rather ad hoc model for evaluating the effect of financial intermediation on economic growth. All the models were estimated with cross‐sectional data over the 1970s and 1980s for 90 developing countries and the main findings are that: financial intermediation exerts positive effects on economic growth in developing countries; the two postulated channels of the effects of financial intermediation are both relevant in developing countries; and financial depth, defined as the ratio of financial aggregates to GDP, promotes economic growth in only low‐income developing countries while it has no effect in high‐income ones.
CRESCIMENTO DO BONITO LISTRADO (Katsuwonus pelamis) E UM MÉTODO PARA A CORREÇÃO DE VÍCIOS DECORRENTES DA VASCULARIZAÇÃO CENTRAL DOS ESPINHOS DAS NADADEIRAS DORSAIS

The dorsal spines are often used in studies on the age and growth of tuna. However, there are vascular tissues in the central area of the spines that make difficult the estimation of the number of growth increments. Some growth increments are missed as the organism and as the central vascular tissue grows. Therefore the age estimations can be biased (i.e. underestimation). In this work we propose methods to minimize the biases in the age estimation of tunas, and we show an application for the skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), which is a very important fishery resource. The growth estimations using the best corrective method (L8 =97,9 cm; k = 0,14 por ano; to = -0,071 anos; r2 = 0,71) were very different from that gathered by not trying to minimize the biases (L8 = 80,6 cm; k = 0,25 por ano; to = -1,94 anos; r2 = 0,27). If the results from the corrective method are more reliable than the others, the scientific opinion on the skipjack life history should change. The skipjack would has a longer life history, reaches larger sizes, and grows slower than one could deduce relying on the traditional estimation procedure. The multiple regressions are good tools to correct aging estimates, when it is difficult to identity growth increments in a part of the aposition structure (e.g. spine) being analyzed.
Long-term Outcomes and Complications in Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine treatment outcomes and long-term complications in pediatric patients with Ewing Sarcoma treated at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA). Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 pediatric patients (<19 y old) with Ewing Sarcoma diagnosed between 1960 and 2005 was performed. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis were used to assess prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Results: The median age at diagnosis was 11 years and the median follow-up for nondeceased patients was 13.5 years. The most common primary tumor locations were lower extremity (33%), pelvis (24%), and thorax (18%). Fifty percent of patients received surgery, 79% radiotherapy and 94% chemotherapy. The 5-year OS and EFS for patients with localized disease was 85% and 73% and for metastatic disease was 27% (P<0.0001) and 28% (P<0.0001), respectively. Metastatic disease was an independent predictor of lower OS (hazard ratio [HR], 9.5; 95% confidence interval [CI],4.7-19.4; P<0.0001) and EFS (HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.7-8.8; P<0.0001). Extremity tumor location was an independent predictor for improved OS (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P=0.03). The majority (77%) of long-term survivors (≥5 y) had long-term complications; the most common were musculoskeletal abnormalities (50%) and cardiac toxicity (28%). The actuarial second neoplasm risk was 5% at 10 years. Conclusions: Ewing sarcoma patients with localized disease had excellent treatment outcomes at the BCCA. However, the majority of patients had chronic complications from treatment. This study validates the need for long-term follow-up of Ewing Sarcoma survivors for management of late effects.
Type 2M vWD Resulting from a Lysine Deletion within a Four Lysine Residue Repeat in the A1 Loop of von Willebrand Factor

Summary Type 1 von Willebrand disease is characterized by a decreased plasma concentration of functionally normal von Willebrand factor (vWF) whereas type 2M is characterised by an abnormal vWF displaying decreased affinity for platelets. In these two types of patients, the multimeric structure of vWF is normal. We report here the identification, in two unrelated families from the UK and Algeria, of an in-frame 3 bp deletion, at the heterozygous state, resulting in the deletion of a lysine residue within a four lysine repeat at position 642-645 of the mature vWF subunit (del K1405-1408 in prepro vWF). The patients who have a discrepancy between vWF antigen level and vWF ristocetin cofactor activity exhibited decreased ristocetin-induced binding but only a slight decrease in the percentage of high molecular weight (HMW) multimers in plasma. Recombinant vWF harbouring this deletion did not bind to platelet GPIb in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin although the protein is multimerized. Consequently, this lysine deletion was considered as a type 2M vWD mutation.
Prognostic Implication of EGFR, KRAS, and TP53 Gene Mutations in a Large Cohort of Japanese Patients with Surgically Treated Lung Adenocarcinoma

Introduction: Although mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is predictive for the response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, its prognostic impact for patients without EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment remains controversial. We examined for EGFR, KRAS or TP53 mutations in a consecutive large cohort of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and evaluated their prognostic impact. Methods: We analyzed 397 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent potentially curative pulmonary resection. Total ribonucleic acid was extracted and direct sequencing of each gene was performed after reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: We found that 196 patients (49%) had EGFR mutations. Of these, 83 were exon 19 deletions (42%) and 92 were L858R (47%). Univariate analysis showed that patients with EGFR mutations survived for a longer period than those without mutations (p = 0.0046). However, there was no difference in overall survival between the patients with exon 19 deletion and those with L858R (p = 0.4144). Patients with KRAS mutations or TP53 mutations tended to survive for a shorter period (p = 0.2183 and 0.0230, respectively). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that smoking status (p = 0.0310) and disease stage (p < 0.0001) were independent prognostic factors. However, none of the gene mutations was independent prognostic factors (EGFR, p = 0.3225; KRAS, p = 0.8500; TP53, p = 0.3191). Conclusions: EGFR, KRAS, and TP53 gene mutations were not independently associated with the prognosis for Japanese patients with surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma.