Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Degree versus direction: A comparison of four handedness classification schemes through the investigation of lateralised semantic priming

Four classification systems were examined using lateralised semantic priming in order to investigate whether degree or direction of handedness better captures the pattern of lateralised semantic priming. A total of 85 participants completed a lateralised semantic priming task and three handedness questionnaires. The classification systems tested were: (1) the traditional right- vs left-handed (RHs vs LHs); (2) a four-factor model of strong and weak right- and left-handers (SRHs, WRHs, SLHs, WLHs); (3) strong- vs mixed-handed (SHs vs MHs); and (4) a three-factor model of consistent left- (CLHs), inconsistent left- (ILHs), and consistent right-handers (CRHs). Mixed-factorial ANOVAs demonstrated significant visual field (VF) by handedness interactions for all but the third model. Results show that LHs, SLHs, CLHs, and ILHs responded faster to LVF targets, whereas RHs, SRHs, and CRHs responded faster to RVF targets; no significant VF by handedness interaction was found between SHs and MHs. The three-factor model better captures handedness group divergence on lateralised semantic priming by incorporating the direction of handedness as well as the degree. These findings help explain some of the variance in language lateralisation, demonstrating that direction of handedness is as important as degree. The need for greater consideration of handedness subgroups in laterality research is highlighted.
Female Labour Force Participation: Past Trends and Main Determinants in OECD Countries

This paper examines the determinants of female labour force participation in OECD countries, including a number of policy instruments such as the tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, child benefits, paid maternity and parental leaves, and tax incentives to sharing market work between spouses. The econometric analysis uses a panel data set covering 17 OECD countries over the period 1985-1999, and distinguishes between part-time and full-time female participation rates. It shows a positive impact on female participation of a more neutral tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), stronger tax incentives to share market work between spouses, childcare subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leaves Unlike childcare subsidies, child benefits reduce female participation due to an income effect and their lump-sum character. Finally, female education, the general labour market conditions, and cultural attitudes . Participation des femmes au marche du travail : Tendances passees et principaux determinants dans les pays de l'OCDE Cet article examine les determinants de la participation des femmes au marche du travail dans les pays de l’OCDE, incluant un certain nombre d’instruments de politique economique tels que le traitement fiscal du deuxieme revenu du foyer (par rapport a la taxation d’un individu celibataire), les subsides aux depenses de garde d’enfants, les allocations familiales, les conges de maternite et parentaux remuneres, ainsi que les incitants fiscaux a partager le travail remunere entre epoux. L’analyse econometrique utilise une base de donnees de panel couvrant 17 pays de l’OCDE sur la periode 1985-1999, et distingue entre taux de participation feminine a temps partiel et a temps complet. Elle revele que la participation feminine est stimulee par un traitement fiscal plus neutre du deuxieme revenu du foyer, de plus grands incitants fiscaux a partager le travail remunere entre epoux, les subsides aux depenses de garde d’enfants, et par les conges de maternite et parentaux .
Π-SUPPORTS FOR MODULES FOR FINITE GROUP SCHEMES OVER A FIELD

We introduce the space Π(G) of equivalence classes of π-points of a finite group scheme G. The study of π-points can be viewed as the study of the representation theory of G in terms of “elementary subalgebras” of a very specific and simple form, or as an investigation of flat maps to the group algebra of G utilizing the representation theory of G. Our results extend to arbitrary finite group schemes G over arbitrary fields k of positive characteristic and to arbitrarily large G-modules the basic results about “cohomological support varieties” and their interpretation in terms of representation theory. In particular, we prove that the projectivity of any (possibly infinite dimensional) G-module can be detected by its restriction along π-points of G. We establish that Π(G) is homeomorphic to Proj H•(G, k), and using this homeomorphism we determine up to inseparable isogeny the best possible field of definition of an equivalence class of π-points. Unlike the cohomological invariant M 7→ Proj H•(G, k), the invariant M 7→ Π(G)M satisfies good properties for all G-modules, thereby enabling us to determine the thick, tensor-ideal subcategories of the stable module category of finite dimensional kG-modules. Finally, using the stable module category of G, we provide Π(G) with the structure of a ringed space which we show to be isomorphic to the scheme Proj H•(G, k).
Reverse analysis of measurement and control protocol based on the monitoring state data for unmanned platform

In allusion to the communication security problem of measurement and control data on unmanned platform, a reverse analysis model of measurement and control protocol is proposed. The model adopts the data mining method to analyze the protocol format and semantic information in the message. Mainly adopts the improved BF algorithm and the AP algorithm to carry on the pattern string matching and the association rule extracting to obtain the preliminary format of protocol message; the improved SW algorithm in sequence alignment technique is adopted to analyze the format and semantic information in combination with the monitoring state data. Simulation experiments are carried out to simulate the experimental data of the protocol reverse analysis, including the communication data on unmanned platform and base station and radar monitoring status data. The simulation results of reverse analysis show a higher resolution rate of protocol format and semantic parsing.
Chromaffin cell action potentials and their possible role in adrenaline secretion from rat adrenal medulla.

1. The role of action potentials in adrenaline secretion was investigated in the rat adrenal medulla. The effects of various treatments on adrenaline secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla were compared with the effects of similar treatments on spike frequency in dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells. 2. KCl concentrations between 10 and 20 mM increased the extracellularly recorded spike frequency of dissociated adrenal chromaffin cells. Upon perfusion by a KCl concentration of 30 mM there was an initial brief burst of spikes followed by a period of inactivity in the continued presence of 30 mM‐Kcl. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 6 microM) decreased the amplitude and frequency of the KCl evoked spikes. 3. The rate of adrenaline secretion from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland increased as the KCl concentration was raised to 10 and up to 120 mM. Secretion which was evoked by KCl concentrations between 10 and 20 mM was partially inhibited by TTX. At KCl concentrations of 30 mM or greater evoked secretion was no longer affected by TTX. 4. CoCl2 (5 mM) blocked KCl increase of spike frequency and also blocked stimulation of adrenaline secretion by all concentrations of KCl tested. 5. Tetraethylammonium chloride (10 mM), which decreased spike frequency but greatly prolonged the spike duration, enhanced secretion induced by 15 mM‐Kcl. 6. The results are consistent with the following interpretation. The TTX insensitive portion of the KCl stimulated adrenaline secretion is due to Ca influx through voltage dependent Ca channels which are open as a consequence of the steady‐state level of KCl depolarization. The TTX sensitive portion of secretion is indicative of an extra increment of Ca influx during spike activity enhanced by KCl. This increment of Ca influx may occur through voltage dependent Ca channels whose activation is facilitated by the voltage changes caused during the TTX sensitive Na component of the spike and possibly through the Na channel itself. 7. Stimulation of secretion by acetylcholine (ACh) in the perfused adrenal medulla was half maximal at 15 microM and began to saturate around 50 microM. Release was partially inhibited by TTX only when the concentration of ACh was 10 microM or less. The possible role of action potentials in ACh stimulated adrenaline release is discussed.
Are local plants the best for ecosystem restoration? It depends on how you analyze the data

Abstract One of the key questions in ecosystem restoration is the choice of the seed material for restoring plant communities. The most common strategy is to use local seed sources, based on the argument that many plants are locally adapted and thus local seed sources should provide the best restoration success. However, the evidence for local adaptation is inconsistent, and some of these inconsistencies may be due to different experimental approaches that have been used to test for local adaptation. We illustrate how conclusions about local adaptation depend on the experimental design and in particular on the method of data analysis. We used data from a multispecies reciprocal transplant experiment and analyzed them in three different ways: (1) comparing local vs. foreign plants within species and sites, corresponding to tests of the “local is best” paradigm in ecological restoration, (2) comparing sympatric vs. allopatric populations across sites but within species, and (3) comparing sympatric and allopatric populations across multiple species. These approaches reflect different experimental designs: While a local vs. foreign comparison can be done even in small experiments with a single species and site, the other two approaches require a reciprocal transplant experiment with one or multiple species, respectively. The three different analyses led to contrasting results. While the local/foreign approach indicated lack of local adaptation or even maladaptation, the more general sympatric/allopatric approach rather suggested local adaptation, and the most general cross‐species sympatric/allopatric test provided significant evidence for local adaptation. The analyses demonstrate how the design of experiments and methods of data analysis impact conclusions on the presence or absence of local adaptation. While small‐scale, single‐species experiments may be useful for identifying the appropriate seed material for a specific restoration project, general patterns can only be detected in reciprocal transplant experiments with multiple species and sites.
The Effect of Attendance on Academic Performance

Faculty in higher education institutions oftentimes follow different attendance practices and policies: some make it compulsory and count toward the final grade while others do not. Even when attendance is not compulsory, many faculty believe in its positive effect in academic performance. In this article a summary of the latest studies on attendance and academic performance will be given along with a deeper analysis of this relation in Albanian context. Data are collected from two courses in the civil engineering department of a private university taught by the same lecturer during 2009-2012. The results of the study are discussed in the light of the attendance policy enforced in today's Albanian higher education institutions. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n23p961
Euler Characteristics as Invariants of Iwasawa Modules

If G is a pro‐p, p‐adic, Lie group containing no element of order p and if Λ(G) denotes the Iwasawa algebra of G then we propose a number of invariants associated to finitely generated Λ(G)‐modules, all given by various forms of Euler characteristic. The first turns out to be none other than the rank, and this gives a particularly convenient way of calculating the rank of Iwasawa modules. Others seem to play similar roles to the classical Iwasawa λ‐and μ‐invariants. We explore some properties and give applications to the Iwasawa theory of elliptic curves. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: primary 16E10; seconday 11R23.
HAVcR-1 expression in human colorectal cancer and its effects on colorectal cancer cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVcR-1) may function as part of the regulatory apparatus for tight junction in human endothelial cells, and is overexpressed in renal cell and ovarian clear cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS HAVcR-1 expression in colorectal cancer and matched background tissues was determined using quantitative-PCR. HAVcR-1 was overexpressed in three colorectal cancer cell lines and the effect of this overexpression was assessed by changes in cell behaviour. RESULTS HAVcR-1 expression was increased in colorectal cancer (p<0.001) and the disease-free time of patients with high levels of HAVcR-1 expression was significantly longer (p=0.045). HAVcR-1 overexpression reduced colorectal cancer cell adhesion and invasion (p<0.016). CONCLUSION HAVcR-1 overexpression may be a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and a prognostic marker for a longer disease-free interval after surgery for colorectal cancer. HAVcR-1 overexpression can reduce cell adhesion and invasion and could thus be involved in the metastatic cascade.
Genome-Wide Comparison of Cowpox Viruses Reveals a New Clade Related to Variola Virus

Zoonotic infections caused by several orthopoxviruses (OPV) like monkeypox virus or vaccinia virus have a significant impact on human health. In Europe, the number of diagnosed infections with cowpox viruses (CPXV) is increasing in animals as well as in humans. CPXV used to be enzootic in cattle; however, such infections were not being diagnosed over the last decades. Instead, individual cases of cowpox are being found in cats or exotic zoo animals that transmit the infection to humans. Both animals and humans reveal local exanthema on arms and legs or on the face. Although cowpox is generally regarded as a self-limiting disease, immunosuppressed patients can develop a lethal systemic disease resembling smallpox. To date, only limited information on the complex and, compared to other OPV, sparsely conserved CPXV genomes is available. Since CPXV displays the widest host range of all OPV known, it seems important to comprehend the genetic repertoire of CPXV which in turn may help elucidate specific mechanisms of CPXV pathogenesis and origin. Therefore, 22 genomes of independent CPXV strains from clinical cases, involving ten humans, four rats, two cats, two jaguarundis, one beaver, one elephant, one marah and one mongoose, were sequenced by using massive parallel pyrosequencing. The extensive phylogenetic analysis showed that the CPXV strains sequenced clearly cluster into several distinct clades, some of which are closely related to Vaccinia viruses while others represent different clades in a CPXV cluster. Particularly one CPXV clade is more closely related to Camelpox virus, Taterapox virus and Variola virus than to any other known OPV. These results support and extend recent data from other groups who postulate that CPXV does not form a monophyletic clade and should be divided into multiple lineages.
Life Events and Personality Traits in Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis

Summary Twenty-five patients with obsessive-compulsive neurosis and matched controls had their life event scores (Paykel's Life Event Schedule) rated for the year prior to the onset of illness and the date of interview, respectively. The Standard Assessment of Personality Schedule, whose high inter-temporal and inter-informant reliability was confirmed, was used to rate the patients' premorbid personality. The obsessive-compulsive patients' mean life event score was significantly higher than the control subjects; and this excess spanned the six months prior to the onset of illness. Patients with abnormal personality traits (obsessional, anxious and self-conscious) experienced significantly fewer life events than those without such traits.
Does Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram ensure cost-free institutional delivery? A cross-sectional study in rural Bankura of West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) was launched in India to ensure cost-free institutional delivery. OBJECTIVES 1) To assess the awareness of recently delivered women regarding JSSK 2) To estimate the cost of institutional delivery and its differentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community in Bankura, West Bengal, India in 2013, among 210 women who delivered babies in the last 12 months. Information regarding sociodemographic and health service-related variables as well as item-wise costs incurred for institutional delivery were collected. Costs were expressed in Indian National Rupee (INR). A nonparametric, bivariate analysis was performed to examine the difference in median cost. RESULTS All components of JSSK were known to 12.9% women; the highest (77.1%) for admission and lowest (29.0%) for blood transfusion. The median (±IQR) costs of delivery in the Block level Primary Health Center (PHC), medical college, and private facilities were INR 205.0 (±825.0), 900.0 (±1013.0), and 6600.0 (±16195.0), respectively. Median cost of normal delivery in a private facility (INR 2750.0) was 3.6 times of that in a government facility (INR 765.0). Median direct cost of caesarian section (CS) in a government facility (INR 1100.0) was nearly one-fifteenth of that in a private facility (INR 16,350.0). Cash incentives under Janani Suraksha Yojana for poor and socially marginalized women could not cover the cost of CS delivery in a government facility. CONCLUSION Gaps existed in the awareness of beneficiaries regarding entitlement under JSSK. Drugs and transport were two major causes of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure in public health facilities.
Image Segmentation Based on Oscillatory Correlation

We study image segmentation on the basis of locally excitatory, globally inhibitory oscillator networks (LEGION), whereby the phases of oscillators encode the binding of pixels. We introduce a lateral potential for each oscillator so that only oscillators with strong connections from their neighborhood can develop high potentials. Based on the concept of the lateral potential, a solution to remove noisy regions in an image is proposed for LEGION, so that it suppresses the oscillators corresponding to noisy regions but without affecting those corresponding to major regions. We show that the resulting oscillator network separates an image into several major regions, plus a background consisting of all noisy regions, and we illustrate network properties by computer simulation. The network exhibits a natural capacity in segmenting images. The oscillatory dynamics leads to a computer algorithm, which is applied successfully to segmenting real gray-level images. A number of issues regarding biological plausibility and perceptual organization are discussed. We argue that LEGION provides a novel and effective framework for image segmentation and figure-ground segregation.
Stable Transgenic Expression of IL-2 and HSV1-tk by Single and Fusion Tumor Cell Lines Bearing EWS/FLI-1 Chimeric Genes

In augmenting systemic anti-tumor immune response, the authors evaluated the genetic modification of Ewing family tumor (EFT) cell lines for use as allogeneic vaccines. EFT cell lines A673 and RD-ES were transfected with cDNAs for human interleukin (IL)-2 and/or HSV1 thymidine kinase (HSV1- tk ), respectively. Clones with high and stable secretion of IL-2 alone or with coexpression of functional HSV1- tk were obtained and their features were analyzed. IL-2 expressing clones derived from the A673 cell line demonstrated decreased expression of HLA class I molecules compared with the parental cell line and corresponding clones derived from RD-ES. However, IFN- n could upregulate the expression of HLA class I antigens by IL-2 transfected A673 cells. Ganciclovir induced apoptosis in double-transfected cell clones. IL-2/HSV1- tk cells continued to produce and release IL-2 after initial ganciclovir treatment. After n -irradiation, transfected clones released bioactive IL-2 in a quantity sufficient to activate T and natural killer cells in culture. A polyvalent allogeneic vaccine was also obtained using fusion of two different transgenic cell lines. The resulting hybrids inherited antigenic and transgenic characteristics of both parental cell lines. It is presumed that the cell lines generated here could be used as allogeneic vaccines for treatment of patients with EFTs.
Gender differences in skeletal muscle fibre damage after eccentrically biased downhill running in rats.

Specific antibodies against structural proteins of muscle fibres (actin, desmin, dystrophin) and extracellular matrix (fibronectin) were used to study the effect of eccentrically biased downhill running exercise (13,5 degrees, 17 m min(-1), 130 min) on the magnitude and properties of myofibre injury in the quadriceps femoris muscle of male and female rats. Muscle beta-glucuronidase activity, a quantitative indicator of muscle damage, showed clearly smaller increase in female than in male rats during the 4-day period following exercise. A similar course of histopathological changes was observed in both sexes, although females showed slower and less marked changes than males. In males, discontinuous or even lost submembrane protein dystrophin staining was observed in some swollen fibres immediately after exercise, before the loss of desmin and staining of disorganized actin, i.e. before the disruption of the cytoskeletal system and the contractile apparatus. The observation that no dramatic changes in the microarchitecture of the muscle fibres were detected immediately or even 6 h after the exercise in females compared with males may indicate that the sarcolemma of the females might be strengthened against membrane damage by a still unknown stabilizing compound.
Effect of visual feedback and verbal encouragement on concentric quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque of males and females

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of visual feedback and verbal encouragement on concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles of males and females at an isokinetic velocity of 60 deg/s. All testing was performed on the Biodex B-2000 isokinetic dynamometer in three sessions, separated by 7 to 14 days. Fifteen males and 15 females (age = 25.4 ± 2.4 yrs, wt = 76.6 ± 16.5 kg, ht = 173.61 ± 9.5 cm) were tested under the following conditions: (a) visual feedback, (b) verbal encouragement, (c) combined visual feedback and verbal encouragement, and (d) no feedback (control). Testing order was counterbalanced to control for possible learning effects. Two separate 2 x 4 repeated measure analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the difference among test conditions. Examination of quadriceps force production revealed that subjects generated greater peak torque when visual feedback was provided than when verbal encouragement or no feedback were provided. Similarly, quadriceps force production was greater when combined visual feedback and verbal encouragement was provided than when verbal encouragement or no feedback were provided (p < 0.05). Examination of hamstrings force production revealed that subjects generated greater peak torque when combined visual feedback and verbal encouragement was provided than when verbal encouragement, and no feedback were provided. Additionally, hamstrings force production was greater when visual feedback was provided than when no feedback was provided (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the use of visual and combined visual and verbal feedback increased quadriceps and hamstrings force production when compared to the control condition where no feedback was provided.