Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCAPI: The Secure Computation Application Programming Interface

Secure two-party and multiparty computation has long stood at the center of the foundations of theoretical cryptography. Recently, however, interest has grown regarding the eciency of such protocols and their application in practice. As a result, there has been signicant progress on this problem and it is possible to actually carry out secure computation for non-trivial tasks on reasonably large inputs. Part of this research goal of making secure computation practical has also involved implementations. Such implementations are of importance for two reasons: rst, they demonstrate the real eciency of known and new protocols; second, they deepen
Understanding Care Leavers in Russia: Young People's Experiences of Institutionalisation

Abstract Care leavers in Russia represent one of the most disadvantaged groups in society. However, they have rarely been the focus of welfare policy debate and they receive little or no support in their independent living. This paper presents the findings of a survey of Russian care leavers. The emphasis is on care leavers' experiences of the Russian institutional care system, and the issues that impacted on their postcare transition to adulthood. A number of factors were found to influence the wellbeing of care leavers, including placement instability, institutional isolation, poor education, stigmatisation of care leavers, relationships with “houseparents”, and supportive and often challenging friendships. Findings are discussed in relation to debates about the degree and nature of institutional care of children in Russia and elsewhere.
The generalized stochastic likelihood decoder: Random coding and expurgated bounds

The likelihood decoder is a stochastic decoder that selects the decoded message at random, using the posterior distribution of the true underlying message given the channel output. In this work, we study a generalized version of this decoder where the posterior is proportional to a general function that depends only on the joint empirical distribution of the output vector and the codeword. This framework allows both mismatched versions and universal (MMI) versions of the likelihood decoder, as well as the corresponding ordinary deterministic decoders, among many others. We provide a direct analysis method that yields the exact random coding exponent (as opposed to separate upper bounds and lower bounds that turn out to be compatible, which were derived earlier by Scarlett et al.). We also extend the result from pure channel coding to combined source and channel coding (random binning followed by random channel coding) with side information (SI) available to the decoder. Finally, returning to pure channel coding, we derive also an expurgated exponent for the stochastic likelihood decoder, which turns out to be at least as tight (and in some cases, strictly so) as the classical expurgated exponent of the maximum likelihood decoder, even though the stochastic likelihood decoder is suboptimal.
Bridging the communication and cultural gap between the cognitive sciences and the contemplative traditions

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Deep Gaussian Processes for Regression using Approximate Expectation Propagation

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) are multilayer hierarchical generalisations of Gaussian processes (GPs) and are formally equivalent to neural networks with multiple, infinitely wide hidden layers. DGPs are nonparametric probabilistic models and as such are arguably more flexible, have a greater capacity to generalise, and provide better calibrated uncertainty estimates than alternative deep models. This paper develops a new approximate Bayesian learning scheme that enables DGPs to be applied to a range of medium to large scale regression problems for the first time. The new method uses an approximate Expectation Propagation procedure and a novel and efficient extension of the probabilistic backpropagation algorithm for learning. We evaluate the new method for non-linear regression on eleven real-world datasets, showing that it always outperforms GP regression and is almost always better than state-of-the-art deterministic and sampling-based approximate inference methods for Bayesian neural networks. As a by-product, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of six approximate Bayesian methods for training neural networks.
Emotional and Adrenocortical Responses of Infants to the Strange Situation: The Differential Function of Emotional Expression

The aim of the study was to investigate biobehavioural organisation in infants with different qualities of attachment. Quality of attachment (security and disorganisation), emotional expression, and adrenocortical stress reactivity were investigated in a sample of 106 infants observed during Ainsworth’s Strange Situation at the age of 12 months. In addition, behavioural inhibition was assessed from maternal reports. As expected, securely attached infants did not show an adrenocortical response. Regarding the traditionally defined insecurely attached groups, adrenocortical activation during the strange situation was found for the ambivalent group, but not for the avoidant one. Previous ndings of increased adrenocortical activity in disorganised infants could not be replicated. In line with previous ndings, adrenocortical activation was most prominent in insecure infants with high behavioural inhibition indicating the function of a secure attachment relationship as a social buffer against less adaptive temperamental dispositions. Additional analyses indicated that adrenocortical reactivity and behavioural distress were not based on common activation processes. Biobehavioural associations within the different attachment groups suggest that biobehavioural processes in securely attached infants may be different from those in insecurely attached and disorganised groups. Whereas a coping model may be applied to describe the biobehavioural organisation of secure infants, an arousal model explanation may be more appropriate for the other groups.
A Candidate Fault Model for AspectJ Pointcuts

We present a candidate fault model for pointcuts in AspectJ programs. The fault model identifies faults that we believe are likely to occur when writing pointcuts in the AspectJ language. Categories of fault types are identified, and each individual fault type is described as categorized. We argue that a fault model that focuses on the unique constructs of the AspectJ language is needed for the systematic and effective testing of AspectJ programs. Our pointcut fault model is a first step towards such a model
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Relating Trait Self-Control and Forgiveness Within Prosocials and Proselfs : Compensatory Versus Synergistic Models

2012 Relating trait self-control and forgiveness within prosocials and proselfs: Compensatory versus synergistic models. (2012). Relating trait self-control and forgiveness within prosocials and proselfs: Compensatory versus synergistic models. The present research tested 2 competing models specifying how 2 traits (concern with the well-being of others and self-control) interact to predict forgiveness. According to the compensatory model, forgiveness requires being high on either trait; according to the synergistic model, forgiveness requires being high on both traits. Two preliminary studies demonstrated the main effect of trait (Study 1a) and primed (Study 1b) self-control on forgiveness. Three primary studies consistently supported the compensatory model in predicting willingness to forgive a partner who behaves noncooperatively in a 2-alternative prisoner's dilemma (Study 2), a continuous give-some dilemma (Study 3), and a 2-alternative maximizing difference game (Study 4). Among proselfs or those low in trait forgiveness, trait self-control positively related to forgiveness, suggesting that self-control can compensate for a lack of concern with others' well-being. Implications for theory and research on forgiveness are discussed. Forgiveness is a linchpin in successful relationships (Karremans Lawler et al., 2003). One factor that influences willingness to forgive is an individual's personality. Prior research linking personality with forgiveness has implicated a variety of traits. The majority of this work suggests that the forgivers of the world are basically " nice " people who are high in agreeableness (e. More recent work suggests that the world's forgivers may also be " smart " people who are high in trait self-control (Finkel & Campbell, 2001) or executive functioning Integrating these two lines of research, the present work poses the following questions: Can a high level of trait self-control predict higher levels of forgiveness even among people with a proself orientation? Can a prosocial orientation positively relate to forgiveness even among those with a low level of trait self-control? Or does forgiveness require both a prosocial orientation and high trait self-control? To address these questions, we advance a Trait ϫ Trait Interactionist perspective on forgiveness that gives rise to two competing theoretical models. Though both models are grounded in work on forgiveness and social interdependence theory, the models offer a notably different pattern of predictions. The compensatory model predicts that forgiveness requires a prosocial orientation or high self-control, and the synergistic model assumes that forgiveness requires both. We test these competing models across three primary studies exploring willingness to forgive an interaction partner who behaves …
Alcohol consumption and the occurrence and severity of aggression: an event‐based analysis of male to male barroom violence

Although a considerable body of experimental research supports the contention that alcohol facilitates aggression, some investigators have argued that these findings cannot be generalized to actual occurrences of aggression. Moreover, controversy continues concerning whether expectancies supporting alcohol's influence on aggression moderate the relationship. The present study is an event-based examination of the relationship between alcohol consumption, personality characteristics, contextual variables, and the occurrence and severity of male-to-male bar aggression. Men (n=190) who experienced either a physically aggressive episode or an incident of threat in a bar were assessed with respect to stable individual difference factors, such as personality factors, trait anger, and alcohol-aggression expectancies. The participants were also interviewed about the circumstances surrounding the most severe episode of bar aggression or threat that occurred in the past year. Logisitic regression analyses indicated that while alcohol consumption did not predict the occurrence of aggression, heavy alcohol consumption by the participant and the opponent was associated with aggression severity and physical harm, and that this relationship was present after controlling for personality and situational factors. The belief that alcohol was a cause of aggression was associated with the occurrence of aggression, but it was not related to severity or harm, and did not appear to moderate the alcohol-aggression relationship. These results suggest that alcohol expectancies may facilitate the occurrence of aggression. However, the results also support the contention that alcohol use may contribute to the severity of aggression occuring in bar contexts. Aggr. Behav. 29:346–365, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optical proximity correction (OPC): friendly maze routing

As the technology migrates into the deep submicron manufacturing(DSM) era, the critical dimension of the circuits is getting smaller than the lithographic wavelength. The unavoidable light diffraction phenomena in the sub-wavelength technologies have become one of the major factors in the yield rate. Optical proximity correction (OPC) is one of the methods adopted to compensate for the light diffraction effect as a post layout process.However, the process is time-consuming and the results are still limited by the original layout quality. In this paper, we propose a maze routing method that considers the optical effect in the routing algorithm. By utilizing the symmetrical property of the optical system, the light diffraction is efficiently calculated and stored in tables. The costs that guide the router to minimize the optical interferences are obtained from these look-up tables. The problem is first formulated as a constrained maze routing problem, then it is shown to be a multiple constrained shortest path problem. Based on the Lagrangian relaxation method, an effective algorithm is designed to solve the problem.
The Prior Knowledge of Global Education of Pre-Service Teacher Education Students

This paper explores how pre-service student teachers, in New South Wales Australia, integrate new global education into their existing disciplinary knowledge frameworks. Student teachers learning to teach secondary history and geography or business studies, or primary student teachers learning to teach society and its environment bring with them existing knowledge schemas based on their undergraduate disciplinary study, prior experiences and skills. It was hypothesised that new global education knowledge will interact with existing knowledge schemas in complex and interrelated ways. The paper reports on surveys of 204 pre-service students on the major understandings, concepts, skills and attitudes of global education. The paper finds that new global knowledge is additive to existing knowledge frameworks in various ways for secondary student teachers and integrative for primary student teachers. The paper explores the community of practice lens of subject discipline prior learning and the role it plays in the way student teachers respond to new subject matter. The paper discusses how disciplinary study integrates global education knowledge and identifies the implications of this for developing teacher education courses and for teacher professional development and learning.
The ADNP Derived Peptide, NAP Modulates the Tubulin Pool: Implication for Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Activities

Microtubules (MTs), key cytoskeletal elements in living cells, are critical for axonal transport, synaptic transmission, and maintenance of neuronal morphology. NAP (NAPVSIPQ) is a neuroprotective peptide derived from the essential activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). In Alzheimer’s disease models, NAP protects against tauopathy and cognitive decline. Here, we show that NAP treatment significantly affected the alpha tubulin tyrosination cycle in the neuronal differentiation model, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and in rat cortical astrocytes. The effect on tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination was coupled to increased MT network area (measured in PC12 cells), which is directly related to neurite outgrowth. Tubulin beta3, a marker for neurite outgrowth/neuronal differentiation significantly increased after NAP treatment. In rat cortical neurons, NAP doubled the area of dynamic MT invasion (Tyr-tubulin) into the neuronal growth cone periphery. NAP was previously shown to protect against zinc-induced MT/neurite destruction and neuronal death, here, in PC12 cells, NAP treatment reversed zinc-decreased tau-tubulin-MT interaction and protected against death. NAP effects on the MT pool, coupled with increased tau engagement on compromised MTs imply an important role in neuronal plasticity, protecting against free tau accumulation leading to tauopathy. With tauopathy representing a major pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, the current findings provide a mechanistic basis for further development. NAP (davunetide) is in phase 2/3 clinical trial in progressive supranuclear palsy, a disease presenting MT deficiency and tau pathology.
Is the edTPA the Right Choice for Evaluating Teacher Readiness?

The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the edTPA, a performance assessment created by the Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity (SCALE) and administered by Pearson, Inc., to assess the professional readiness of student teachers. We challenge claims made in support of using this assessment, specifically within the context of arts teacher preparation programs, and we address areas of immediate critical concern to make alternative recommendations.
A Single N-linked Glycosylation Site Is Implicated in the Regulation of Ligand Recognition by the I-type Lectins CD22 and CD33*

CD22 is an immunoglobulin superfamily B lymphocyte-specific adhesion receptor and a member of the recently identified I-type class of lectins. Recent work has shown that CD22 specifically recognizes sialic acid linked α2,6 to terminal N-linked oligosaccharides on selected cell surface glycoproteins. CD22-ligand interaction is regulated by the activity of a β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase that can inactivate CD22-mediated binding by sialylating the CD22 receptor itself. These observations suggest that N-linked glycosylation sites on the CD22 molecule may play a role in the regulation of CD22-mediated adhesion. In this work we have performed site-specific mutagenesis of potential N-linked glycosylation sites on CD22 in an effort to determine whether they might be involved in ligand recognition. We show that mutation of a single potential N-linked glycosylation site in the first immunoglobulin domain of CD22 completely abrogates ligand recognition. Interestingly, this site is characterized by the sequence NCT, where the cysteine is thought to be involved in an intrachain disulfide bond. Site-directed mutagenesis of similar NC(T/S) motifs in the first or second Ig domains of the I-type lectins myelin-associated glycoprotein, and sialoadhesin did not disrupt their ability to mediate sialic acid binding. In contrast, mutation of a NCS motif in the first Ig domain of the I-type lectin CD33 unmasked its sialic acid binding activity. These observations suggest that a single N-linked glycosylation site located at a similar position in the CD22 and CD33 glycoproteins is critical for regulating ligand recognition by both receptors.
Faculty Allocation of Effort and Student Course Evaluations.

AbstractTwo types of data were obtained on teaching faculty at the University of Utah, student evaluations of courses, and faculty allocations of time distributed among academic activties. The data were subjected to treatment by analysis of variance procedures. It was found that faculty rank was not related to student evaluations of courses on any of the five course evaluation scales and in general there was little relationship between faculty allocations of time and student evaluations of courses. It was noted, however, that students in courses with large enrollments considered faculty more “prepared” than students in courses with smaller enrollments. There was some evidence that as faculty time allocated to research and writing increased, student ratings of courses decreased.
The influence of perceived convenience and curiosity on continuance intention in mobile English learning for high school students using PDAs

Mobile learning aims to utilise communication devices such as mobile devices and wireless connection in combination with e-learning systems, allowing learners to experience convenient, instant and suitable learning at unrestricted time and place. Participants were 125 Taiwanese senior high school students, whose continuance intention was examined after learning English via PDAs (personal digital assistants). The study, using the one-group post-test design, adopted the Technology Acceptance Model and incorporated factors such as curiosity and perceived convenience. The results indicated that (1) curiosity had a positive effect on continuance intention; (2) perceived convenience had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and continuance intention.
The Role of Classroom Assessment in Student Performance on TIMSS

This project evaluated the relationship between assessment practices and achievement and the mediating roles of student self-efficacy and effort. In part, this was based on a framework proposed by Brookhart (1997). The United States portion of the Third International Math and Science Study was used to estimate these relationships. Several student level characteristics were important explanatory variables regarding variation in mathematics achievement, including mathematics self-efficacy, effort, and level of uncontrollable attributions. At the classroom level, teacher assessment practices had significant relationships to classroom performance. In addition, cross-level interactions (between student characteristics and teacher practices) suggested that classroom assessment practices might uniquely interact with student characteristics in their role of motivating student effort and performance.
The use of complexity-based models in international relations: a technical overview and discussion of prospects and challenges

Complexity has become an übernotion for a contemporary perception of many social phenomena. This is mirrored by the existence and advent of an array of methods and theories that describe complex social phenomena, including in International Relations (IR). However, many scholars fall short of explaining what it is they call ‘complexity’, how the notion of complexity can help to better understand IR and which kinds of methodologies support such analyses. This article provides an overview and critical discussion of the latter. The notion of complexity and its underlying concepts are briefly clarified and methodological aspects and challenges are discussed. It is explained which social phenomena within the realm of IR are most promisingly studied under a complexity paradigm. Three modelling examples are given for illustration that allow for the identification of methodological and epistemological limits and the anticipation of potential prospects of a complexity-based modelling approach to IR.
Chronic Pain Patients: Patterns of Change in Interpersonal Problems, Pain Intensity, and Depression-Anxiety

Patients with pain disorder were treated using psychotherapy, with a specific focus on affect experience and interpersonal problems. Using hierarchical linear modeling, growth curve analyses were performed to examine the patterns of change in interpersonal problems, pain intensity, and depression-anxiety according to specific and general change models. A 3-piece linear model was used to analyze the individual rates of change during the 1st and 2nd halves of the treatment period and during follow-up. The mean rates of change were congruent with the specific change model in that interpersonal problems decreased significantly during all 3 phases, whereas pain intensity and depression-anxiety changed significantly during the 2nd phase only. Correlational analyses of individual rates of change indicated that improvement in depression-anxiety was a strong predictor of subsequent improvement in interpersonal problems and a lesser degree of pain, supporting the general change model.