Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Dose of Intrathecal Morphine in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty

Intrathecal (IT) morphine provides excellent postoperative analgesia but may result in many side effects, including postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus, and respiratory depression, particularly at larger doses. Older patients may be at particular risk. The optimal dose of spinal morphine in older patients undergoing hip arthroplasty is not known. We designed this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of 50–200 &mgr;g of IT morphine in older patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty. Sixty patients older than 65 years undergoing elective hip arthroplasty were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive spinal anesthesia with 15 mg of bupivacaine and IT morphine in four groups: 1) 0 &mgr;g, 2) 50 &mgr;g, 3) 100 &mgr;g, and 4) 200 &mgr;g. IT morphine 100 and 200 &mgr;g produced effective pain relief and decreased the postoperative requirement for morphine compared with control. IT morphine 50 &mgr;g did not provide effective pain relief. Both 100 and 200 &mgr;g of IT morphine provided comparable levels of postoperative analgesia. There were no between-group differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, or urinary retention. Pruritus was significantly more frequent with 200 &mgr;g of IT morphine. In conclusion, 100 &mgr;g of IT morphine provided the best balance between analgesic efficacy and side effect profile in older patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.
Bacterial Colonization of the Skin Following Aseptic Preoperative Preparation and Impact of the Use of Plastic Adhesive Drapes

Surgical site contamination, for example, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, probably derives from both the patient’s own skin flora and those of the surgical team. Despite preoperative antiseptic preparation with chlorhexidine solution, complete sterilization of the skin is not possible and gradual recolonization will occur. Plastic adhesive drape is an established method used to prevent direct wound contamination from adjacent skin. In this study, the time to skin recolonization after antiseptic preparation was measured and the impact of using plastic adhesive drape on this recolonization was evaluated. Repeated bacterial sampling using three different methods over 6 hr was conducted after antiseptic preparation in 10 volunteers. Recolonization of skin was observed after 30 min with plastic drape and after 60 min without plastic drape; there were significantly more positive cultures with the plastic drape than without (31% vs. 7.5%, respectively, p < .001). Sampling with a rayon swab was the most sensitive sampling method. In conclusion, covering the skin with a plastic adhesive drape seems to hasten recolonization of the skin after antiseptic preparation. However, clinical trials to confirm this finding are warranted.
Differential stabilization of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I cleavable complexes by camptothecin derivatives.

Camptothecins belong to a group of anticancer agents with a specific mechanism of action: stabilization and trapping of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I (top1) cleavable complexes. Two water-soluble camptothecin derivatives are in clinical trial, and their anticancer activity appears promising: topotecan and CPT-11. The latter is hydrolyzed to its active metabolite, SN-38. We have previously reported that SN-38 is among the most cytotoxic camptothecin derivatives and that the cleavable complexes induced by SN-38 are more stable than those induced by CPT in human colon carcinoma cells [Tanizawa et al. (1994) J. Natl. Cancer Inst, 86, 836-842]. Top1 inhibition was further investigated by determining the salt-induced religation rates of top1-cleavable complexes in fragments from the top1 cDNA. Religation depended on both the local DNA base sequence and the drug structure. Cleavable complexes induced by SN-38 and 10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin were markedly more stable (less rapidly reversible) than those induced by CPT, topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin. The stability of 10-hydroxycamptothecin-induced cleavable complexes was intermediate to those of CPT and SN-38, indicating that both the 10-hydroxy and the 7-ethyl group of SN-38 probably interact with the drug binding site of top1-cleavable complexes. A DNA oligonucleotide containing a single top1 cleavage site was also used to compare the camptothecin derivatives. The salt stability of drug-induced cleavable complexes in the top1 oligonucleotide was correlated with the drug potencies to induce top1 cleavage. Cell killing requires that trapped cleavable complexes be converted to DNA damage as a result of replication fork collision. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Use of Psychopathy in Violence Risk Assessments of Adolescent Females

ABSTRACT Forensic mental health clinicians frequently are called on to conduct assessments of youths' risk for future violence and offending. The fastest rising demographic group requiring these risk assessments is adolescent girls. This case report illustrates how the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) can be used in risk assessment, as in the case of a 15-year-old girl. As is illustrated, the benefit of using the PCL:YV in a young offender case should be weighed against the potential detrimental effects on the life of the youth. This case report provides specific recommendations about how to apply the PCL:YV with extreme caution when conducting such risk assessments.
The Signaling Channel for Federal Reserve Bond Purchases

Previous research has emphasized the portfolio balance effects of Federal Reserve bond purchases, in which a reduced bond supply lowers term premia. In contrast, we find that such purchases have important signaling effects that lower expected future short term interest rates. Our evidence comes from dynamic term structure models that decompose declines in yields following Fed announcements into changes in risk premia and expected short rates. To overcome problems in measuring term premia, we consider unbiased model estimation and restricted risk price estimation. We also characterize the estimation uncertainty regarding the relative importance of the signaling and portfolio balance channels.
Reconsidering the Relationship Between the Third-Person Perception and Optimistic Bias

Studies disagree as to whether an optimistic bias can account for the commonly observed third-person perceptions. This study aims to help clarify the relationship between third-person perceptions and biased optimism in the context of assessing the impact of the news about bird flu outbreaks in Taiwan. Using a random sample of 1,107 college students, third-person perception and optimistic bias were found to be robust but unrelated. Although both optimistic bias and third-person effect are psychological perceptual judgments that can be attributed to self-serving motivation, the third-person perception is a biased interpretation of media influence, while biased optimistic perceptions are a social psychological mechanism of bolstering self-esteem in self-other comparisons regarding a risk.
The Third-Person Effects of Political Attack Ads in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election

This study examines the indirect effects of extensive negative political attack ads in the 2004 presidential election from a third-person effects perspective. Results of a survey using a probability sample of 496 college students indicate that these students believe attack ads harm others more than themselves. Moreover, the respondents tended to perceive attack ads in traditional media to have a greater harmful effect on self and others than attack ads on the Internet. Contingent factors that account for the magnitude of third-person effects include social distance and knowledge. Further, exposure to attack ads was found to be the strongest predictor of perceived harms of such ads on self and others, but only perceived harm on others is a significant predictor of support for restrictions on attack ads. The study contributes to research on the third-person effect by testing perceived harms of attack ads on self and others separately on likelihood to support restrictions.
New achievements in pressure relief tests for polymeric-housed varistors used on series compensated capacitor banks

Recent pressure relief tests on polymeric-housed arresters for use on series capacitor bank varistors have been carried out with successful results. The increased Mvar rating within a single segment platform does significantly increase the prospective capacitor fault current discharge and energy to values beyond what has been previously tested for Hydro-Quebec series capacitor compensation installations. Tests performed showed that the proposed arresters were fully adequate to withstand these increased thermal and mechanical stresses. Tests have also shown that the capacitor discharge current and frequency can induce significant currents and voltages in laboratory control, protection and measuring wiring systems. Care regarding the test set-up layout, measurement and control techniques shall be taken to avoid or to minimize the induced currents and voltages. This paper gives a summary of the results obtained and describes the mitigation actions taken for reducing such induced currents and voltages to an acceptable level.
Uncovering the Psychometric Properties of Scales Measuring Individualist and Collectivist Orientations

Cross-cultural research in many psychology-related fields is becoming commonplace. To further the research in a methodologically rigorous fashion it is critical to be able to measure adequately the constructs under investigation. This study (N = 238) examined three measures used to assess individualist and collectivist orientations. The internal structure of the scales and their inter-relatedness were evaluated. Results suggested that there is little overlap between the scales, and that Triandis' (1996) Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism scale presented the best measure of the constructs.
Job Conditions and Wellness/Health Outcomes in Dutch Secondary School Teachers

The aim of the present study is to compare the work situation of Dutch secondary school teachers to job conditions of European teachers and to test the Job Demand-Control-Social Support model (JDCS model, Karasek and Theorell, 1990) on burnout, job satisfaction and somatic symptoms. The Dutch data (N = 304) were gathered in seven secondary schools from across the country. The remaining European group consisted of 1878 upper secondary school teachers originating from 10 countries. Additive and interactive effects in the JDCS model could be identified for emotional exhaustion only. Furthermore, a curvilinear (U-shaped) relationship was found between control and emotional exhaustion. In addition to the JDCS model, the contribution of coping in the explanation of the outcomes was tested. Attempts have been made to deal with criticisms, which are frequently leveled at the implementation of the JDCS model. Dutch teachers do not differ on job conditions from the European sample except for two working conditions where the Dutch indicate less physical exertion and environmental risks than the European reference sample. The Dutch report lower levels of coping than the reference group, they are more depersonalised and are less satisfied than teachers of the European reference group. On the other hand, the Dutch teachers had fewer somatic complaints and reported higher levels of personal accomplishment than their European colleagues.
Theoretical application of short-lag spatial coherence to photoacoustic imaging

Short-Lag Spatial Coherence (SLSC) is a beamforming technique that was initially developed for ultrasound imaging, then applied to photoacoustic imaging with sizable improvements in contrast and signal-to-noise ratios, when compared to traditional delay-and-sum beamforming. Although the SLSC beamformer was applied to experimental photoacoustic images, the theory describing its performance in photoacoustic images was never derived. The objective of this work is to derive and evaluate spatial coherence theory for SLSC beamforming of photoacoustic images, which is critical to understanding the breadth of potential applications and their associated limitations.
Functional Connectivity of Insula, Basal Ganglia, and Prefrontal Executive Control Networks during Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes

Human brain networks mediating interoceptive, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of glycemic control are not well studied. Using group independent component analysis with dual-regression approach of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we examined the functional connectivity changes of large-scale resting state networks during sequential euglycemic–hypoglycemic clamp studies in patients with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic controls and how these changes during hypoglycemia were related to symptoms of hypoglycemia awareness and to concurrent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. During hypoglycemia, diabetic patients showed increased functional connectivity of the right anterior insula and the prefrontal cortex within the executive control network, which was associated with higher HbA1c. Controls showed decreased functional connectivity of the right anterior insula with the cerebellum/basal ganglia network and of temporal regions within the temporal pole network and increased functional connectivity in the default mode and sensorimotor networks. Functional connectivity reductions in the right basal ganglia were correlated with increases of self-reported hypoglycemic symptoms in controls but not in patients. Resting state networks that showed different group functional connectivity during hypoglycemia may be most sensitive to glycemic environment, and their connectivity patterns may have adapted to repeated glycemic excursions present in type 1 diabetes. Our results suggest that basal ganglia and insula mediation of interoceptive awareness during hypoglycemia is altered in type 1 diabetes. These changes could be neuroplastic adaptations to frequent hypoglycemic experiences. Functional connectivity changes in the insula and prefrontal cognitive networks could also reflect an adaptation to changes in brain metabolic pathways associated with chronic hyperglycemia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The major factor limiting improved glucose control in type 1 diabetes is the significant increase in hypoglycemia associated with insulin treatment. Repeated exposure to hypoglycemia alters patients' ability to recognize the autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms associated with low plasma glucose levels. We examined brain resting state networks during the induction of hypoglycemia in diabetic and control subjects and found differences in networks involved in sensorimotor function, cognition, and interoceptive awareness that were related to chronic levels of glycemic control. These findings identify brain regions that are sensitive to variations in plasma glucose levels and may also provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying the increased incidence of cognitive impairment and affective disorders seen in patients with diabetes.
Physical Attractiveness, Opportunity, and Success in Everyday Exchange1

The role of perceived physical attractiveness in everyday exchange is addressed using a laboratory paradigm that examines both play–versus–not–play and cooperate–versus–defect choices in an ecology of available prisoner's dilemma games. The analysis considers the actions of both subject and other in encounters where exchange relationships are possible and include perceptions of others' and own physical attractiveness. Results indicate that subjects are more likely to enter play and to cooperate with others they find attractive. Men who see themselves as more attractive more often cooperate than other men, while women who see themselves as more attractive less often cooperate than other women. In addition, subjects who rate themselves as highly attractive are more likely to cooperate with others they see as also highly attractive. Subjects expect others whom they see as attractive to cooperate more often. At the same time, the effect of perceived attractiveness on choice is independent of these expectations, supporting the hypothesis that attractiveness is a “taste” or “benefit” for actors in exchange relationships.
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbians and Gay Men

Frontnote - James Baldwin Native Gay and Lesbian Issues - Terry Tafoya The Two Spirited A National Survey of the Intimate Relationships of African-American Lesbians and Gay Men - Letitia Anne Peplau, Susan D Cochran and Vickie M Mays A Look at Commitment, Satisfaction, Sexual Behavior and HIV Disease Leaving the Confederate Closet - Bonnie Ruth Strickland Female, Lesbian and Jewish - Sari H Dworkin Complex and Invisible From Apartheid to Mandela's Constitution - Cheryl Potgieter Black South African Lesbians in the Nineties Symbol of Privilege, Object of Derision - Armand R Cerbone Dissonance and Contradictions Exploring the Lives of Older African-American Gay Men - Clarence Lancelot Adams Jr and Douglas C Kimmel Greek American Lesbians - Leah M Fygetakis Identity Odysseys of Honorable Good Girls Crossing Borders and Boundaries - Oliva M Espin The Life Narratives of Immigrant Lesbians Ethnic Minority Lesbians and Gay Men - Beverly Greene Mental Health and Treatment Issues Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Know - Connie S Chan The Formation of a Homosexual Identity and Sexual Expression among Asian-American Lesbians The Relationships among Self-Esteem, Acculturation and Lesbian Identity Formation in Latina Lesbians - Marta A Alquijay Sexual Identity and the Discontents of Difference - Carla M Trujillo Cultural Diversity and the Coming-Out Process - Althea Smith Implications for Clinical Practice Endnote - Audre Lorde
G'3-Stable Semantics and Inconsistency Semantica G3'-Estable e Inconsistencia

We present an overview on how to perform non-monotonic reasoning based on paraconsistent logics. In particular, we show that one can define a logic programming semantics based on the paraconsistent logic G’3 which is called G’3-stable semantics. This semantics defines a frame for performing non-monotonic reasoning in domains which are pervaded with vagueness and inconsistencies. In fact, we show that, by considering also a possibilistic logic point of view, one can use this extended framework for defining a possibilistic logic programming approach able to deal with reasoning, which is at the same time non-monotonic and uncertain.
Psychometric properties of Attentional Control Scale: The preliminary study on a Polish sample

The presented study was focused primarily on a psychometric analysis of the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), but they also enhanced the understanding of the role of effortful attentional skills in determining the individual well-being, general adaptation or emotional disorders. The analyses included basic item and scale descriptions as well as convergent and discriminant validity. 218 Polish undergraduate students completed the battery of the self-report techniques and two paper –pencil attentional tests. Data revealed a unidimensional of a 20-item ACS. It can be used validly to assess long-term individual differences in attentional skills related to the voluntary executive functions. The analysis of content, internal and construct validity as well as reliability provided evidence of the scale’s significant convergent and discriminant validity when correlated with attentional tests and other personality techniques. We found strong, systematic relations between the attentional control and selected measures of temperament, arousal, emotionality, and motivation. The results allow assuming that good attentional control, may protect individuals from the emotional disorders by regulating perceptual, conceptual, and response processing.
Perseverative Cognition and Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Recent developments in stress theory have emphasized the significance of perseverative cognition (worry and rumination) in furthering our understanding of stress-disease relationships. Substantial evidence has shown that perseverative cognition (PC) is associated with somatic outcomes and numerous physiological concomitants have been identified (i.e., cardiovascular, autonomic, and endocrine nervous system activity parameters). However, there has been no synthesis of the evidence regarding the association between PC and health behaviors. This is important given such behaviors may also directly and/or indirectly influence health and disease outcomes (triggered by PC). Therefore, the aim of the current review was to synthesize available studies that have explored the relationship between worry and rumination and health behaviors (health risk: behaviors which, if performed, would be detrimental to health; health promoting: behaviors which, if performed, would be beneficial for health). A systematic review and meta-analyses of the literature were conducted. Studies were included in the review if they reported the association between PC and health behavior. Studies identified in MEDLINE or PsycINFO (k = 7504) were screened, of which 19 studies met the eligibility criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses suggested increased PC was generally associated with increased health risk behaviors but not health promoting behaviors. Further analyses indicated that increases in rumination (r = 0.122), but not reflection (r = −0.080), or worry (r = 0.048) were associated with health risk behaviors. In conclusion, these results showed that increases in PC are associated with increases in health risk behaviors (substance use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy eating, and smoking) that are driven primarily through rumination. These findings provide partial support for our hypothesis that in Brosschot et al.'s (2006) original perseverative cognition hypothesis, there may be scope for additional routes to pathogenic disease via poorer health behaviors.
Measuring service encounters with the traumatic brain injury population

Functional therapy tasks are frequently cited as being important for the successful carry-over of treatment objectives. Service encounters, such as shopping or enquiring for information on the telephone, are typical community integration activities used with the traumatically brain injured (TBI) population. This paper explores the use of systemic functional linguistics in the measurement of performance in service encounters using Generic Structure Potential (GSP) analysis. Results are presented for GSP analysis of service encounters on the telephone to a bus timetable information service, and the police, for five TBI individuals and five matched controls. Service encounters differed according to the complexity of information requested and the interpersonal, or tenor relationships between participants. Differences were evident between TBI and control interactions in the use of generic structural elements. Variation in generic structure was demonstrated across the two types of service encounter. The potential of GSP to measure the dynamic linguistic patterns in everyday TBT interactions is discussed.
Hyperparameter optimization of deep neural networks: combining Hperband with Bayesian model selection

One common problem in building deep learning architectures is the choice of the hyper-parameters. Among the various existing strategies, we propose to combine two complementary ones. On the one hand, the Hyperband method formalizes hyper-parameter optimization as a resource allocation problem, where the resource is the time to be distributed between many configurations to test. On the other hand, Bayesian optimization tries to model the hyper-parameter space as efficiently as possible to select the next model to train. Our approach is to model the space with a Gaussian process and sample the next group of models to evaluate with Hyperband. Preliminary results show a slight improvement over each method individually, suggesting the need and interest for further experiments.