Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumour bed positivity predicts outcome after breast‐conserving surgery

Background Local recurrence after breast‐conserving surgery is associated with a short distant disease‐free survival, particularly if it occurs early. Early local recurrence is caused by residual disease left at the time of surgery. Previous studies have demonstrated that disease in the tumour bed is a common finding after breast‐conserving surgery.
From Complexity Science to Complex Thinking: Organization as Simple Location

Recent developments in the sciences of complexity have led to a rise in interest in the application of such insights to the understanding of social phenomena such as organization. This essay seeks to examine the fundamental differences between social and natural systems and to thereby render more transparent the possible limitations of a science of complexity for the analysis of organization. Against this science of complexity, it counterposes the kind of complex thinking inspired by philosophy, literature, art and the humanities to show how such forms of thinking may be more adequate to the task of revealing to us the whole spectrum of human lived experiences; something which we argue here that the complexity sciences, in the current form they take, remain unable to access.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF UPWARD FEEDBACK

This study followed 92 managers during four administrations of an upward feedback program over 2.5 years. Managers' whose initial level of performance (defined as the average rating from subordinates) was low improved between Administrations 1 and 2, and sustained this improvement 2 years later. Most of the performance improvement occurred between the first and second administrations of the program. The observed performance improvement could not be attributed solely to regression to the mean and was unrelated to the number of times, or when, the managers received feedback. Our results suggest that the continued administration of an upward feedback program can result in sustained change over a fairly long period of time and that actually receiving feedback may be less important than the exposure to the valued behaviors. We use control theory and goal setting theory as frameworks for explaining the results and suggesting directions for future research.
A Randomized Study Evaluating Oral Fusidic Acid (CEM-102) in Combination With Oral Rifampin Compared With Standard-of-Care Antibiotics for Treatment of Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Newly Identified Drug-Drug Interaction.

BACKGROUND Fusidic acid (FA) has been used for decades for bone infection, including prosthetic joint infection (PJI), often in combination with rifampin (RIF). An FA/RIF pharmacokinetic interaction has not previously been described. METHODS In a phase 2 open-label randomized study, we evaluated oral FA/RIF vs standard-of-care (SOC) intravenous antibiotics for treatment of hip or knee PJI. Outcome assessment occurred at reimplantation (week 12) for subjects with 2-stage exchange, and after 3 or 6 months of treatment for subjects with hip or knee debride and retain strategies, respectively. RESULTS Fourteen subjects were randomized 1:1 to FA/RIF or SOC. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained for 6 subjects randomized to FA/RIF. FA concentrations were lower than anticipated in all subjects during the first week of therapy, and at weeks 4 and 6, blood levels continued to decline. By week 6, FA exposures were 40%-45% lower than expected. CONCLUSIONS The sponsor elected to terminate this study due to a clearly illustrated drug-drug interaction between FA and RIF, which lowered FA levels to a degree that could influence subject outcomes. Optimization of FA exposure if used in combination with RIF should be a topic of future research. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01756924.
Why Do People Report Better Health by Phone Than by Mail?

Context:Past research shows that fewer health symptoms are reported by phone than by mail. Objectives:We sought to examine whether interview mode-dependent differences in health symptom reporting are the result of socially desirable responding or to expending less cognitive effort when formulating responses, a behavior known as satisficing. Design:Participants were randomly assigned to telephone interview only or to mail interview followed 2 weeks later by telephone interview. Setting & Participants:Participants were American veterans from the Gulf War Registry (n = 719). Main Outcome Measures:Our main outcome measure was the number of mild, moderate, or severe symptoms reported (of 48 possible). Results:Veterans reported an average of 5 more symptoms via mail than via telephone, F (1, 709) = 32.50, P < 0.001. The difference was mainly the result of symptoms reported by mail as mild but not reported at all by phone. Veterans with higher social desirability scores reported fewer symptoms by phone and mail, F (1, 709) = 10.11, P = 0.001, but social desirability scores did not interact with interview mode. Furthermore, embarrassing symptoms such as genital complaints were no less likely to be reported by phone. Conclusions:Reporting of better health in phone surveys is the result of fewer mild symptoms reports but not of socially desirable responding. The findings are consistent with phone interviews encouraging satisficing by limiting the recall of less severe health states. Researchers should handle mild symptom reports with some skepticism.
Disability and Sexuality: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Level of Comfort Among Certified Rehabilitation Counselors

This study investigated certified rehabilitation counselors’ (CRCs) attitudes, knowledge, and comfort in addressing disability and sexuality issues. One hundred ninety-nine CRCs completed a modified version of the Knowledge, Comfort, Approach and Attitudes toward Sexuality Scale to determine the effect of knowledge and attitudes on level of comfort in addressing sexuality issues with consumers. Counseling and education-type comfort and comfort with sexual solicitations or discovering consumers in sexual situations (approach) were assessed separately. Participants demonstrated low discomfort on the education and counseling-related comfort scale (M = 1.84, SD = .82) and medium discomfort on the approach-related comfort scale (M = 2.78, SD = .96), positive attitudes ( M = 1.53, SD = .74), and average knowledge (M = 2.40, SD = .842). Results of regression analyses indicated that 17% (R 2 = .172) of the variance on comfort and 19% (R 2 = .189) of the variance on approach could be accounted for by CRCs’ knowledge and attitude, indicating that these were contributing to CRC comfort levels in addressing sexuality with consumers. Implications include the need for continued research concerning factors affecting CRC comfort in addressing sexuality-related issues with consumers, and the need for increased CRC education and training in sexuality and disability.
Fizik Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğrenme Yaklaşımlarının

The purpose of this research is to determine prospective physics teachers\' learning approaches and to investigate the relationships among this variable, students\' gender, class level and academic success. Total number of 141 students, Physics Education Department, Education Faculty of Buca, Dokuz Eylul University, is participated to this research. Data of the research were collected by Learning Approaches Scale (α=0,.81). The analysis of the data clearly indicates that prospective physics teachers prefer deeper approach in respect to the surface approach, also no significant difference observed in terms of gender and as the class level goes up students\' preference to use the deeper approach becomes even stronger.
A Meta-Analysis of National Research: Effects of Teaching Strategies on Student Achievement in Science in the United States

This project consisted of a meta-analysis of U.S. research published from 1980 to 2004 on the effect of specific science teaching strategies on student achievement. The six phases of the project included study acquisition, study coding, determination of intercoder objectivity, establishing criteria for inclusion of studies, computation of effect sizes for statistical analysis, and conducting the analyses. Studies were required to have been carried out in the United States, been experimental or quasi-experimental, and must have included effect size or the statistics necessary to calculate effect size. Sixty-one studies met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The following eight categories of teaching strategies were revealed during analysis of the studies (effect sizes in parentheses): Questioning Strategies (0.74); Manipulation Strategies (0.57); Enhanced Material Strategies (0.29); Assessment Strategies (0.51); Inquiry Strategies (0.65); Enhanced Context Strategies (1.48); Instructional Technology (IT) Strategies (0.48); and Collaborative Learning Strategies (0.95). All these effect sizes were judged to be significant. Regression analysis revealed that internal validity was influenced by Publication Type, Type of Study, and Test Type. External validity was not influenced by Publication Year, Grade Level, Test Content, or Treatment Categories. The major implication of this research is that we have generated empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of alternative teaching strategies in science. 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1436-1460, 2007
Progress in combating cigarette smuggling: controlling the supply chain

Background: The illicit tobacco trade results in huge losses of revenue to governments, estimated at $US40–50 billion in 2006, and in increased consumption and thus health problems because it makes tobacco available more cheaply. On 20 October 2008 the second meeting of the International Negotiating Body (INB2) on the illicit trade protocol of WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) will discuss measures to tackle the illicit trade in tobacco products. Methods: This paper presents the experience over the last decade of three countries, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, which shows that tobacco smuggling can be successfully tackled. Conclusion: The evidence strongly suggests that the key to controlling smuggling is controlling the supply chain, and that the supply chain is controlled to a great extent by the tobacco industry.
A spreadsheet interface for logic programming

We present PERPLEX, a programming environment intended for the end-user. In its design, the concepts of logic programming and spreadsheets are combined. Thus, on the one hand, logic programming becomes an interactive, incremental task where the user gets direct visual feedback, on the other hand, functionality and scope of a conventional spreadsheet program are considerably extended. In order to perform calculations and queries, constraints are imposed on the contents of the spreadsheet cells. New predicates can be defined using a programming-by-example technique: Rules are extracted from the user's solutions for example problems. Thus, concrete intermediate results take over the role of abstract logic variables in the programming process. PERPLEX has been successfully implemented on a Symbolics Lisp Machine.
When Two Heads Aren't Better Than One: AIDS Risk Behavior in College‐Age Couples1

Individuals in intimate relationships engage in higher levels of HIV risk behavior than do individuals engaging in casual sex (e.g., Bowen & Michal-Johnson, 1989; Misovich, Fisher, & Fisher, 1996). While there are many possible reasons for this consistent pattern of effects, few studies have focused on identifying the underlying causes. Therefore, same-gender focus groups were conducted with college-age men and women in intimate relationships as participants in order to examine, qualitatively, factors particular to relationships which are associated with HIV risk. Focus-group members indicated that concerns about questioning interpersonal trust and commitment in their relationship through the introduction of condoms or HIV testing were often strong impediments to these practices. Recommendations for future HIV-prevention interventions specific to individuals in relationships are discussed.
Contextual verification for open vocabulary spoken term detection

In spoken term detection, subword speech recognition is a viable means for addressing the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem at query time. Applying fuzzy error compensation techniques is needed for coping with inevitable recognition errors, but can lead to high false alarm rates especially for short queries. We propose two novel methods which reject false alarms based on the context of the hypothesized result and the distance to phonetically similar queries. Using the proposed methods, we obtain an increase in precision of 11% absolute at equal recall.
Are small classes better? Understanding relationships between class size, classroom processes and pupils' learning

Twelve years ago Blatchford and Mortimore's authoritative review of class size research appeared in this journal. They concluded that a major problem with class size research was the lack of detailed studies of complex classroom processes that might mediate class size effects on pupils' learning. This article reviews two UK class size reviews and quantitative, qualitative and mixed method class size research. Evidence from research, and insights from 30 years of classroom‐based inquiry, form the basis for the development of theoretical models of relationships between class size, classroom processes and pupils' learning. Recent research evidence from secondary school classrooms calls into question simple one‐way relationships between class size and pupils' learning. Politicians are challenged to face up to the complexities involved and to be open to more flexible approaches to reforming the organisation of teaching and learning in schools that go beyond expensive programmes of crude across‐the‐board class size reductions. Further class size research is recommended that incorporates sophisticated qualitative methods in order to adequately understand and represent the kinds of teacher and pupil expertise involved in promoting and maximising opportunities for high quality learning in different large and small class contexts in primary and secondary schools.
Transgenderism and Gender Pluralism in Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times

This article develops the concept of gender pluralism to analyze historical and ethnographic material bearing on Southeast Asia since early modern times. Deployment of this concept in the context of an analysis that approaches transgenderism as an optic through which to view such pluralism entails an intervention against the grain of much writing on gender and sexuality. This intervention involves an interpretive framework conducive to the comparative historical investigation of culturally interlocked domains that are often separated or ignored in scholarly accounts, as occurs when gender is construed as a code word for women and is thus stripped of much of its significance before research has begun or when transgender practices or certain modalities of sexuality are examined in relative isolation from other salient components of the more encompassing sex/gender and culturalpolitical systems of which they are a part. It is argued that for this region and period transgenderism provides a valuable window on gender pluralism partly because the vicissitudes of transgendering are broadly indexical of the greater formalization and segregation of gender roles, the distancing of women from sources of power and prestige, the attenuated range of legitimacy concerning things erotic and sexual, and the constriction of pluralistic gender sensibilities as a whole.
C-reactive protein as an indicator of low intensity inflammation in children and adolescents with and without obesity.

OBJECTIVES To determine the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in children/adolescents with and without obesity and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and clinical and laboratory variables. METHODS A cross-sectional study comparing two parallel groups, one a group of overweight or obese children/adolescents (obesity group, n = 131) and the other a control group of children/adolescents without obesity (control group, n = 114). High sensitivity nephelometry was used to determine hsCRP concentrations. RESULTS The obesity group exhibited greater hsCRP concentrations than the control group (p < 0.0005). There were relationships between hsCRP and BMI (p < 0.0001) and hsCRP and triglycerides (p = 0.05). The relationship between hsCRP and triglycerides was attenuated by adjustment for BMI, losing its statistical significance (p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS The hsCRP concentrations increased as BMI increased. The majority of individuals who were not overweight exhibited hsCRP concentrations of less than 2 mg/L.
Hypothalamus-Anchored Resting Brain Network Changes before and after Sertraline Treatment in Major Depression

Sertraline, one of the oldest antidepressants, remains to be the most efficacious treatment for depression. However, major depression disorder (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing and deficits in cognitive control. In cognitive interference tasks, patients with MDD have shown excessive hypothalamus activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antidepressant treatment (sertraline) on hypothalamus-anchored resting brain circuitry. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on depressed patients (n=12) both before and after antidepressant treatment. After eight weeks of antidepressant treatment, patients with depression showed significantly increased connectivity between the hypothalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, putamen, caudate, and claustrum. By contrast, decreased connectivity of the hypothalamus-related areas was primarily located in the inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, cingulated gyrus, precuneus, thalamus, and cerebellum. After eight weeks of antidepressant therapy, 8 out of the 12 depressed subjects achieved 70% reduction or better in depressive symptoms, as measured on the Hamilton depression rating scale. Our findings may infer that antidepressant treatment can alter the functional connectivity of the hypothalamus resting brain to achieve its therapeutic effect.
Computerizing Organizational Attitude Surveys

Two quasi-experimental field studies were conducted to evaluate the psychometric equivalence of computerized and paper-and-pencil job satisfaction measures. The present research extends previous work in the area by providing better control of common threats to validity in quasi-experimental research on test mode effects and by evaluating a more comprehensive measurement model for job attitudes. Results of both studies demonstrated substantial equivalence of the computerized measure with the paper-and-pencil version. Implications for the practical use of computerized organizational attitude surveys are discussed.
Perceived Discrimination, Intergenerational Family Conflicts, and Depressive Symptoms in Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Asian American Emerging Adults

The present study examined a mediation model that hypothesized intergenerational family conflicts would mediate the association between perceived racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among foreign-born and U.S.-born Asian American emerging adults (N 678) recruited from a large university in the Midwest. The model further hypothesized that the connection between intergenerational family conflicts and depressive symptoms would be stronger for foreign-born individuals than U.S.-born persons. Multigroup structural equation modeling results supported the proposed mediation model. Regardless of nativity status, higher levels of perceived racial discrimination were associated with more occurrences of intergenerational family conflicts with mothers and fathers; conflicts with mothers, in turn, were linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms among Asian American emerging adults. The association between intergenerational family conflicts and depressive symptoms, however, was not greater for the foreign-born than the U.S.-born group. Findings suggest the importance of considering racism as a potential contributing factor to intergenerational conflicts arising in Asian American families and highlight the critical role of conflicts with mothers in cascading the effects of discrimination on young emerging adults’ depressive concerns. The present cross-sectional investigation, however, precludes inference about causality. Directions for future research, including verification of the mediation model through longitudinal data, are discussed.
Effect of Face Value on Product Valuation in Foreign Currencies

This article examines systematic differences in people's spending behavior when using foreign currencies. Rather than overspend or underspend in general, we show that individuals' valuation of a product in an unfamiliar foreign currency is biased toward its nominal value--its face value--with inadequate adjustment for the exchange rate. This leads to underspending when the face value of a foreign currency is a multiple of an equivalent unit of a home currency (e.g., 4 Malaysian ringgits = 1 U.S. dollar) and overspending when it is a fraction (e.g., .4 Bahraini dinar = 1 U.S. dollar). Four studies demonstrate the robustness of the face value effect across different currencies, exchange rate frames, and with samples from two countries, and two studies show that ability-related factors such as time pressure and experience moderate the face value effect. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of the findings. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.
Digital Library Interfaces for Cognitive Diversity A Position Statement for PersDL 2007 Workshop

Prior research in human computer interaction (HCI) has identified a number of cognitive abilities and styles as factors that influence user interaction with computing devices. In this paper, we describe our on-going effort that investigates digital library (DL) interfaces in relation to cognitive characteristics of users. The current project aims to build user models and to create cognitive user profiles based on observed user interaction with the system. Two possibilities for creation of implicit user profiles are being considered, first is based on recognition of behavior patterns on “standard” DL interaction tasks, second is based on analysis of behavior on specially designed “probing tasks”. The project is at an early stage of investigation. The data is currently being collected in a user study. The behavioral data will be used to create predictive models of selected cognitive factors. The long-term goal of this research is to accommodate a broad diversity of DL users by personalizing interfaces to match human cognitive abilities.
Monotonic convergence of fixed-point algorithms for ICA

We re-examine a fixed-point algorithm proposed by Hyvarinen for independent component analysis, wherein local convergence is proved subject to an ideal signal model using a square invertible mixing matrix. Here, we derive step-size bounds which ensure monotonic convergence to a local extremum for any initial condition. Our analysis does not assume an ideal signal model but appeals rather to properties of the contrast function itself, and so applies even with noisy data and/or more sources than sensors. The results help alleviate the guesswork that often surrounds step-size selection when the observed signal does not fit an idealized model.