Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key Source Habitats and Potential Dispersal of Triatoma infestans Populations in Northwestern Argentina: Implications for Vector Control

Background Triatoma infestans —the principal vector of the infection that causes Chagas disease— defies elimination efforts in the Gran Chaco region. This study identifies the types of human-made or -used structures that are key sources of these bugs in the initial stages of house reinfestation after an insecticide spraying campaign. Methodology and Principal Findings We measured demographic and blood-feeding parameters at two geographic scales in 11 rural communities in Figueroa, northwest Argentina. Of 1,297 sites searched in spring, 279 (21.5%) were infested. Bug abundance per site and female fecundity differed significantly among habitat types (ecotopes) and were highly aggregated. Domiciles (human sleeping quarters) had maximum infestation prevalence (38.7%), human-feeding bugs and total egg production, with submaximal values for other demographic and blood-feeding attributes. Taken collectively peridomestic sites were three times more often infested than domiciles. Chicken coops had greater bug abundance, blood-feeding rates, engorgement status, and female fecundity than pig and goat corrals. The host-feeding patterns were spatially structured yet there was strong evidence of active dispersal of late-stage bugs between ecotopes. Two flight indices predicted that female fliers were more likely to originate from kitchens and domiciles, rejecting our initial hypothesis that goat and pig corrals would dominate. Conclusions and Significance Chicken coops and domiciles were key source habitats fueling rapid house reinfestation. Focusing control efforts on ecotopes with human-fed bugs (domiciles, storerooms, goat corrals) would neither eliminate the substantial contributions to bug population growth from kitchens, chicken coops, and pig corrals nor stop dispersal of adult female bugs from kitchens. Rather, comprehensive control of the linked network of ecotopes is required to prevent feeding on humans, bug population growth, and bug dispersal simultaneously. Our study illustrates a demographic approach that may be applied to other regions and triatomine species for the design of innovative, improved vector control strategies.
Tree-Based Deterministic Dependency Parsing — An Application to Nivre’s Method —

Nivre's method was improved by enhancing deterministic dependency parsing through application of a tree-based model. The model considers all words necessary for selection of parsing actions by including words in the form of trees. It chooses the most probable head candidate from among the trees and uses this candidate to select a parsing action. In an evaluation experiment using the Penn Treebank (WSJ section), the proposed model achieved higher accuracy than did previous deterministic models. Although the proposed model's worst-case time complexity is O(n2), the experimental results demonstrated an average parsing time not much slower than O(n).
What is the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in mantle cell lymphoma?

Recent trends in the management of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including the use of intensive chemo-immunotherapy regimens, have led to high overall and complete response rates [1], and prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) when first response is consolidated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation [2,3]. Although these strategies have led to event-free survival rates as high as 80–90% at 3 years [3,4], most reported overall survival curves still generally show a pattern of ongoing continuous relapse [5]. In the context of these currently attainable results, it is clear that further research into new therapeutic approaches and more sophisticated prognostic stratification are required to identify subgroups who might benefit from more aggressive treatment strategies, or in whom the prognosis is already sufficiently good to obviate morbid treatment approaches. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, accurate initial staging is of clear prognostic utility and response assessment with Ffluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been shown to predict therapeutic outcome with greater accuracy than conventional staging techniques alone [6–8]. Hence in these lymphomas, FDG-PET scanning is recommended in pre-treatment evaluation and required for response assessment as part of routine practice [9,10]. Current data on the use of FDG-PET in MCL are scant and, with few exceptions [11,12], patients with MCL constitute a small subgroup of those described in series with heterogeneous histologies [13]. The study by Brepoels and colleagues in this edition of the journal provides a useful addition to the published literature, although some of their conclusions warrant careful consideration [14].
Molecular signatures of plastic phenotypes in two eusocial insect species with simple societies

Significance In eusocial insect societies, such as ants and some bees and wasps, phenotypes are highly plastic, generating alternative phenotypes (queens and workers) from the same genome. The greatest plasticity is found in simple insect societies, in which individuals can switch between phenotypes as adults. The genomic, transcriptional, and epigenetic underpinnings of such plasticity are largely unknown. In contrast to the complex societies of the honeybee, we find that simple insect societies lack distinct transcriptional differentiation between phenotypes and coherently patterned DNA methylomes. Instead, alternative phenotypes are largely defined by subtle transcriptional network organization. These traits may facilitate genomic plasticity. These insights and resources will stimulate new approaches and hypotheses that will help to unravel the genomic processes that create phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is important in adaptation and shapes the evolution of organisms. However, we understand little about what aspects of the genome are important in facilitating plasticity. Eusocial insect societies produce plastic phenotypes from the same genome, as reproductives (queens) and nonreproductives (workers). The greatest plasticity is found in the simple eusocial insect societies in which individuals retain the ability to switch between reproductive and nonreproductive phenotypes as adults. We lack comprehensive data on the molecular basis of plastic phenotypes. Here, we sequenced genomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and multiple transcriptomes and methylomes from individual brains in a wasp (Polistes canadensis) and an ant (Dinoponera quadriceps) that live in simple eusocial societies. In both species, we found few differences between phenotypes at the transcriptional level, with little functional specialization, and no evidence that phenotype-specific gene expression is driven by DNA methylation or miRNAs. Instead, phenotypic differentiation was defined more subtly by nonrandom transcriptional network organization, with roles in these networks for both conserved and taxon-restricted genes. The general lack of highly methylated regions or methylome patterning in both species may be an important mechanism for achieving plasticity among phenotypes during adulthood. These findings define previously unidentified hypotheses on the genomic processes that facilitate plasticity and suggest that the molecular hallmarks of social behavior are likely to differ with the level of social complexity.
Enhancing Translation Language Models with Word Embedding for Information Retrieval

In this paper, we explore the usage of Word Embedding semantic resources for Information Retrieval (IR) task. This embedding, produced by a shallow neural network, have been shown to catch semantic similarities between words (Mikolov et al., 2013). Hence, our goal is to enhance IR Language Models by addressing the term mismatch problem. To do so, we applied the model presented in the paper Integrating and Evaluating Neural Word Embedding in Information Retrieval by Zuccon et al. (2015) that proposes to estimate the translation probability of a Translation Language Model using the cosine similarity between Word Embedding. The results we obtained so far did not show a statistically significant improvement compared to classical Language Model.
What a performance! Recognising performing arts skills in the delivery of lectures in Higher Education

This thesis has investigated the notion that lecturing has similarities to acting and in doing so has empirically tested the work of Tauber and Mester (1994). Their model proposes that if teachers use the elements of acting, animated voice and body, space, humour, suspense and surprise, props and role play, within a class, they will promote student interest, attention and positive attitudes towards learning. This study aims to investigate this model against the backdrop of higher education in one School of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom, as opposed to the North American education system in which it was developed. Results from this two-phase mixed method study with 81 lecturers and 62 students, suggested that students in a lecture could identify if the lecturer was enthusiastic, confident or not confident via the verbal and non-verbal cues he/she presented. It was also clear that lecturers were not seen to be credible unless they were able to appear knowledgeable about their subject area and had the skills to communicate that knowledge when delivering a lecture. Both lecturers and students showed high levels of agreement with Tauber and Mester's (1994) model suggesting that elements of acting do enhance both the lecturer's ability to deliver a lecture in a confident manner and the effectiveness of the lecturer. Conclusions indicated that these lecturers assumed a persona when lecturing, which was different from that displayed in other parts of their professional life. This occurred, particularly, but not exclusively, when they were nervous. The data concluded that these lecturers went through a process of assuming and maintaining this persona before and during a lecture using the elements of acting proposed by Tauber and Mester (1994). This thesis offers a development of Tauber and Mester's (1994) work that integrates this process of persona adoption into the model's elements of acting. This study demonstrates the value of utilising acting skills to increase the ability of new or under-confident lecturers to deliver lectures to large groups of students. In the current climate of consumerisation in education when the performance of lecturers is not only measured by pass rates but also by student evaluations, the findings of this study have significance for both lecturers and universities.
QUALITATIVE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA INTO OBJECTIVE QUANTITATIVE SIGNAL FEATURE CLASSIFICATION

Predicting the epileptic seizure is challenging biomedical problem. EEG signal includes enormous information. Few relevant parameters are expected in the field of recognition and diagnostic purposes. Seizure detection and classification system has been designed and developed. The system uses computer based procedures to detect seizure and classified normal and abnormal subjects. Intelligent compact support property of GLCM is used for extracting essential features from the EEG signal. Selected features are classified using neural network model. The 70 samples would be divided into 50 training samples and 20 testing samples. The back propagation algorithm tested on these samples showed expected classification. The main objective of this study is to predict the epileptic seizure using GLCM feature extraction method and neural network model.
Plasma Non–cholesterol Sterols: A Useful Diagnostic Tool in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia

Current guidelines strongly recommend the identification of genetic forms of hypercholesterolemia (HC) during childhood. The usefulness of non–cholesterol sterols (NCS) in the diagnosis of genetic HC has not been fully explored. Plasma NCS were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in 113 children with hypercholesterolemia affected by: autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PHC), and in 79 controls to evaluate: i) plasma NCS profile in different genetic HC and ii) the usefulness of NCS for the diagnosis of HC beyond current clinical criteria. ADH was characterized by raised lathosterol/total cholesterol (TC) and reduced phytosterols/TC ratios, indicative of increased cholesterol synthesis. FCHL showed a slight increase of lathosterol/TC ratio, whereas PHC showed increased phytosterols/TC ratios, indicative of increased cholesterol absorption. In a post hoc discriminant analysis of patients with HC, lipid values correctly classified the 73% (14 of 19) of ADH, whereas the inclusion of plasma sterols allowed the correct identification of all 19 patients with ADH. FCHL was not differentiated from PHC (62 versus 69%). In conclusion, NCS measurement showed that cholesterol plasma levels are related to the cholesterol synthesis in ADH and to cholesterol absorption in PHC. NCS improve the detection of ADH in pediatric patients, whereas FCHL diagnosis is not improved.
A psychophysical investigation of grip types with specific application to job rotation

Background: Job rotation is recommended to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). It is implemented as a temporary solution while a permanent answer is being engineered. The premise of a job rotation is that by involving different tissues a “working rest” for other tissues is created. The possible health benefits from this relief created by job rotation have not been investigated with regards to different grips in hand intensive jobs. The purpose of this study is to investigate hand intensive tasks and to determine whether rotating between the power grip and lateral pinch grip can provide a benefit. A psychophysical load adjustment protocol was used. This type of study has benefits because of its relative ease of testing, low cost, and the replication of occupational activity levels. Methods: To investigate the effect of rotation, three different trials were collected. These trials included: power grip only, lateral pinch only, and a combination, alternating the two grips. Each trial was 60 minutes in duration, with a 12 second cycle time, and 25% duty cycle. Seven males and seven females were recruited and pre-screened for any upper extremity disorders. Subjects were instructed to “work as hard as you can without straining your hand, wrist or forearm”; by adjusting their resistance settings to achieve a maximum acceptable force. Lateral pinch and power grip forces were exerted on an adjustable system using a hand grip dynamometer. At five minute intervals the resistance was randomly increased or decreased. Ratings of perceived discomfort were reported every 10 minutes.
Heavy chain–only antibodies are spontaneously produced in light chain–deficient mice

In healthy mammals, maturation of B cells expressing heavy (H) chain immunoglobulin (Ig) without light (L) chain is prevented by chaperone association of the H chain in the endoplasmic reticulum. Camelids are an exception, expressing homodimeric IgGs, an antibody type that to date has not been found in mice or humans. In camelids, immunization with viral epitopes generates high affinity H chain–only antibodies, which, because of their smaller size, recognize clefts and protrusions not readily distinguished by typical antibodies. Developmental processes leading to H chain antibody expression are unknown. We show that L−/− (κ−/−λ−/−-deficient) mice, in which conventional B cell development is blocked at the immature B cell stage, produce diverse H chain–only antibodies in serum. The generation of H chain–only IgG is caused by the loss of constant (C) γ exon 1, which is accomplished by genomic alterations in CH1-circumventing chaperone association. These mutations can be attributed to errors in class switch recombination, which facilitate the generation of H chain–only Ig-secreting plasma cells. Surprisingly, transcripts with a similar deletion can be found in normal mice. Thus, naturally occurring H chain transcripts without CH1 (VHDJH-hinge-CH2-CH3) are selected for and lead to the formation of fully functional and diverse H chain–only antibodies in L−/− animals.
Balanced Energy Consumption Based Adaptive Routing for IoT Enabling Underwater WSNs

Applications of Internet of Things underwater wireless sensor networks, such as imaging underwater life, environmental monitoring, and supervising geological processes on the ocean floor, demand a prolonged network lifetime. However, these networks face many challenges, such as high path loss, limited available bandwidth, limited battery power, and high attenuation. For a longer network lifetime, both balanced and efficient energy consumption are equally important. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol, called balanced energy adaptive routing (BEAR), to prolong the lifetime of UWSNs. The proposed BEAR protocol operates in three phases: 1) initialization phase; 2) tree construction phase; and 3) data transmission phase. In the initialization phase, all nodes share information related to their residual energy level and location. In the tree construction phase, our proposed BEAR exploits the location information for: a) selecting neighbour nodes and b) choosing the facilitating and successor nodes based on the value of cost function. In order to balance the energy consumption among the successor and the facilitator nodes, BEAR chooses nodes with relatively higher residual energy than the average residual energy of the network. The results of our extensive simulations show that BEAR outperforms its counterpart protocols in terms of network lifetime.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Controls NMDA Receptor Surface Diffusion through Integrin β1 Signaling

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has emerged as a physiological regulator of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory. The pathways by which MMP-9 affects NMDAR signaling remain, however, elusive. Using single quantum dot tracking, we demonstrate that MMP-9 enzymatic activity increases NR1-NMDAR surface trafficking but has no influence on AMPA receptor mobility. The mechanism of MMP-9 action on NMDAR is not mediated by change in overall extracellular matrix structure nor by direct cleavage of NMDAR subunits, but rather through an integrin β1-dependent pathway. These findings describe a new target pathway for MMP-9 action in key physiological and pathological brain processes.
Structural context of the great Sumatra‐Andaman Islands earthquake

A new three‐dimensional seismic model and relocated regional seismicity are used to illuminate the great Sumatra‐Andaman Islands earthquake of December 26, 2004. The earthquake initiated where the incoming Indian Plate lithosphere is warmest and the dip of the Wadati‐Benioff zone is least steep along the subduction zone extending from the Andaman Trench to the Java Trench. Anomalously high temperatures are observed in the supra‐slab mantle wedge in the Andaman back‐arc. The subducting slab is observed along the entire plate boundary to a depth of at least 200 km. These factors contribute to the location of the initiation of rupture, the strength of seismic coupling, the differential rupture properties between the northern and southern segments of the earthquake, and the cause of convergence in the Andaman segment.
The integration of crime analysis into police patrol work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine national survey data of police agencies in the USA to explore the current state of crime analysis integration to patrol crime reduction work. Design/methodology/approach – The data examined in this paper are from a national quantitative survey which sought to understand how crime analysis results are used by officers as well as higher ranking personnel in the patrol division and what types of strategies are implemented using crime analysis. Findings – The findings show that the routine use of crime analysis is not well integrated. Despite the low integration, however, some differences were found. Management uses crime analysis the most overall, but officers and first-line supervisors use tactical crime analysis more routinely than management, where management personnel use evaluation most routinely. Tactical crime analysis is used most often for directed patrol, strategic for both directed patrol and general information, and evaluation for both general inf.
Transfer learning for Latin and Chinese characters with Deep Neural Networks

We analyze transfer learning with Deep Neural Networks (DNN) on various character recognition tasks. DNN trained on digits are perfectly capable of recognizing uppercase letters with minimal retraining. They are on par with DNN fully trained on uppercase letters, but train much faster. DNN trained on Chinese characters easily recognize uppercase Latin letters. Learning Chinese characters is accelerated by first pretraining a DNN on a small subset of all classes and then continuing to train on all classes. Furthermore, pretrained nets consistently outperform randomly initialized nets on new tasks with few labeled data.
The footballer's fracture

Objective To describe the typical tibial diaphyseal fracture (“footballer's fracture”) and to clarify the circumstances and mechanism of the injury. Methods In an attempt to obtain a detailed analysis of the types of injury suffered, and thereby highlight areas for prevention, 100 consecutive adult football players with a tibial diaphyseal fracture were studied prospectively. Details of the circumstances and mechanism of injury were collected using a questionnaire (response rate 85%). Treatments depended on the Gustilo classification, displacement, and axial stability. Long term follow up was performed until clinical healing to define the overall prognosis. Results 61% of players suffered a fracture of both the tibia and the fibula. Ninety five percent of the tibial fractures were transverse or short oblique and were caused by impact during a tackle. Radiographic evidence of bridging callus was better than a classification of the bony injury for predicting weeks to clinical healing. The delayed union and non-union incidence following this injury is low. One patient suffered symptomatic shortening. One patient suffered symptomatic angulation and two patients with non-union required bone grafting. Conclusions Tibial fracture is an expensive injury. It prevents a young population from being employed and takes up valuable NHS resources. As 85% of players were wearing shin guards, it is likely that improvements in shin guard design could reduce the rate of tibial fracture.