Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Physical Activity a Risk Factor for Primary Knee or Hip Replacement Due to Osteoarthritis? A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective. To estimate prospectively any association between measures of physical activity and the risk of either primary knee or hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. Eligible subjects (n = 39,023) were selected from participants in a prospective cohort study recruited 1990–1994. Primary knee and hip replacement for OA during 2001–2005 was determined by linking the cohort records to the National Joint Replacement Registry. A total physical activity level was computed, incorporating both intensity and frequency for different forms of physical activity obtained by questionnaire at baseline attendance. Results. There was a dose-response relationship between total physical activity level and the risk of primary knee replacement [hazards ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07 for an increase of 1 level in total physical activity]. Although vigorous activity frequency was associated with an increased risk of primary knee replacement (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.86) for 1–2 times/week and HR 1.24 (95% CI 0.90–1.71) for ≥ 3 times/week), the p for trend was marginal (continuous HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, p = 0.05). The frequency of less vigorous activity or walking was not associated with the risk of primary knee replacement, nor was any measure of physical activity associated with the risk of primary hip replacement. Conclusion. Increasing levels of total physical activity are positively associated with the risk of primary knee but not hip replacement due to OA. Physical activity might affect the knee and hip joints differently depending on the preexisting health status and anatomy of the joint, as well as the sort of physical activity performed.
Confronting the 'sugar daddy' stereotype: age and economic asymmetries and risky sexual behavior in urban Kenya.

CONTEXT "Sugar daddy" relationships, which are characterized by large age and economic asymmetries between partners, are believed to be a major factor in the spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information is needed about sugar daddy partnerships-and about age and economic asymmetries more generally-to determine how common they are and whether they are related to unsafe sexual behavior. METHODS The sample comprised 1,052 men aged 21-45 who were surveyed in Kisumu, Kenya, in 2001. Data on these men and their 1,614 recent non-marital partnerships were analyzed to calculate the prevalence of sugar daddies and sugar daddy relationships, as well as a range of age and economic disparities within non-marital partnerships. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess relationships between condom use at last sexual intercourse and various measures of age and economic asymmetry. RESULTS The mean age difference between non-marital sexual partners was 5.5 years, and 47% of men's female partners were adolescents. Fourteen percent of partnerships involved an age difference of at least 10 years, and 23% involved more than the mean amount of male-to-female material assistance. Men who reported at least one partnership with both these characteristics were defined as sugar daddies and made up 5% of the sample; sugar daddy relationships accounted for 4% of partnerships. Sugar daddy partnerships and the largest age and economic asymmetries we constructed were associated with decreased odds of condom use. CONCLUSIONS Although sugar daddy relationships are not as pervasive as generally assumed, age and economic asymmetries in non-marital partnerships are relatively common. All these types of asymmetries are associated with nonuse of condoms. Increasing women's power within asymmetric sexual relationships could improve their ability to negotiate safer sexual behaviors, such as condom use.
‘Peer learning’ as pedagogic discourse for research education 1

Research education has been dominated in recent years by policy‐driven preoccupations with doctoral completions, funding and contributions to the economy. This has led universities to focus on enhanced institutional support for research degrees, with an emphasis on supervision, in particular the training of supervisors, and provision of a richer environment for students. This article uses examples from interviews with research students to show how the provision of a rich environment is not in itself sufficient. A new discourse is needed so that students are able to take up opportunities that are available. The article questions the current emphasis and argues that a new focus on pedagogy is explicitly needed. It challenges the dominant focus on supervision and ‘provisionism’ and suggests that a more appropriate pedagogic discourse should draw on the familiar notion of ‘peer’ from the world of research. It argues that peer learning, appropriately theorized and situated within a notion of communities of research practice, might be a productive frame through which to view research education.
Involvement of Immigrant Chinese Canadian Mothers of Children with Disabilities

This study investigated immigrant Chinese Canadian mothers' involvement in the education of their children with disabilities. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 recent immigrants. Thirteen categories emerged, which were subsumed under 4 thematic areas: (a) challenges in adapting to a new environment, (b) limited English proficiency, (c) different views toward education, and (d) involvement in the children's education. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of enhancing home–school communication and addressing obstacles to intercultural communication faced by teachers and immigrant parents.
A Multiple Visual Models Based Perceptive Analysis Framework for Multilevel Video Summarization

In this paper, we propose a generic framework to human perception analysis in video understanding based on multiple visual cues. Video features that prominently influence human perception, such as motion, contrast, special scenes, and statistical rhythm, are first extracted and modeled. A perception curve that corresponds to human perception change is then constructed from these individual models using linear or priority based fusion approach. As an important application of the perceptive analysis framework, a feasible scheme for video summarization is implemented in order to demonstrate the validity, robustness, and generality of the proposed framework. The frames that correspond to the peak points in these individual models and the fusion curve are extracted as multilevel summarizations that include video keywords, keyframes, and dynamic segments. The subjective evaluations from a supplementary volunteer study on video summarizations indicate that the analysis framework is effective and offer a promising approach to semantic video management, access, and understanding
Ninth-Grade Student Engagement in Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments.

Engagement has been viewed as an important construct to understand students' learning performances in classroom settings. Taking an interactive perspective, the study investigates ninth graders' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement in teacher-centered (TC) and student-centered (SC) technology-enhanced classrooms. 54 students from two science classes in Taiwan participated in this study. Multiple sources of data were collected during a 3-week instructional unit. The statistical results showed that although students in the SC class reported having significantly higher emotional engagement, the emotional engagement level had no impact on students' learning achievement. Analyses of qualitative data showed that students in both classes spent a majority of class time on cognitive involvement in learning activities, but there were qualitative differences in cognitive and behavioral engagement between the two classes. One type of activities that did not occur in the TC class was making reflections in which students in the SC class self-assessed what they did. In addition, the SC class usually interacted through group discussions provoked by the simulations, whereas the TC class frequently interacted through initiation–response–evaluation sequences and engaged in student-initiated discussions. The findings suggest that both instructional approaches promoted students' conceptual understanding and provided students with different opportunities to engage in science learning. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed91:727–749, 2007
Knowledge Internalization and Product Development in Family Firms: When Relational and Affective Factors Matter

Understanding the forces that support and inhibit product development (PD) in family firms is central to explaining their long–term success and survival. Our study reveals that social capital and relational conflict among family members do not affect PD directly, as existing theory suggests, but only through the internalization of knowledge among family members. In contrast, family members’ affective commitment to the family firm is so powerful that it has both a mediated and a direct effect on PD. These results differ across generations of the controlling family, therefore offering an extension of existing theories of knowledge and PD in family firms.
Recursive ℓ1, ∞ Group Lasso

We introduce a recursive adaptive group lasso algorithm for real-time penalized least squares prediction that produces a time sequence of optimal sparse predictor coefficient vectors. At each time index the proposed algorithm computes an exact update of the optimal `1,∞-penalized recursive least squares (RLS) predictor. Each update minimizes a convex but nondifferentiable function optimization problem. We develop an online homotopy method to reduce the computational complexity. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the `1 regularized RLS algorithm for a group sparse system identification problem and has lower implementation complexity than direct group lasso solvers.
A Comparison of Risk Selections

Comparisons were made of the risk that subjects selected, both for themselves and for someone else, in a task situation involving physical harm and risk that was based on performance skill at a motor task. Subjects performed in pairs, one being designated the decision maker and the other the performer. The decision makers selected tasks for the performers to attempt on the Purdue Pegboard. Hazard (objective probability of failure) was measured for eight conditions of potential gain (monetary payoff) and of loss (electrical shock). Results indicated that subjects selected essentially the same risk for someone else as they selected for themselves. Based on the study, it therefore appears reasonable to generalize the results obtained from single-person risk-taking studies to the decision maker in multiperson risktaking situations.
Circulating CXCR5+PD-1+ Response Predicts Influenza Vaccine Antibody Responses in Young Adults but not Elderly Adults

Although influenza vaccination is recommended for all adults annually, the incidence of vaccine failure, defined as weak or absent increase in neutralizing Ab titers, is increased in the elderly compared with young adults. The T follicular helper cell (Tfh) subset of CD4 T cells provides B cell help in germinal centers and is necessary for class-switched Ab responses. Previous studies suggested a role for circulating Tfh cells (cTfh) following influenza vaccination in adults, but cTfh have not been studied in elderly adults in whom weak vaccine responses are often observed. In this study, we studied cTfh expressing CXCR5 and programmed death-1 (PD-1). cTfh from elderly adults were present at reduced frequency, had decreased in vitro B cell help ability, and had greater expression of ICOS compared with young adults. At 7 d after inactivated influenza vaccination, cTfh correlated with influenza vaccine–specific IgM and IgG responses in young adults but not in elderly adults. In sum, we have identified aging-related changes in cTfh that correlated with reduced influenza vaccine responses. Future rational vaccine design efforts should incorporate Tfh measurement as an immune correlate of protection, particularly in the setting of aging.
Evaluation of bacterial meningitis surveillance data of the northern region, Ghana, 2010-2015

INTRODUCTION Bacterial meningitis is a disease of major public health importance especially for countries such as Ghana; whose northern part lies within the meningitis belt. The Northern region of Ghana has been recording cases with outbreaks over the years. In order to generate evidence to improve surveillance, we described the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis using surveillance data of the northern region. METHODS Bacterial meningitis datasets from January 2010 to December 2015 for all the 26 districts of the Northern region were retrieved from line lists. Data were analyzed in terms of person, place, time, and identity of causative organisms using descriptive statistics. The results were presented as proportions, rates, tables and graphs. RESULTS A total of 1,176 cases were reported. Of these, 53.5% (629/1,176) were males. The proportion of cases aged 0 to 29 years was 77.4%. The Overall Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 9.7% (114/1,176). About 65% of all cases were recorded from January to April. Only 23.7% (279/1,176) of cases were laboratory-confirmed. Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumonia accounted for 91.4% of confirmed cases. Over the period, the incidence reduced from 9.0/100,000 population to 3.8/100,000 population and CFR reduced from 16.6% to 5.7%. CONCLUSION Most cases of bacterial meningitis were recorded in the dry season and in persons younger than 30 years. Less than a quarter of cases were laboratory confirmed, and no new bacteria species were identified. Both morbidity and mortality rates were on the decline. There is the need to consolidate these gains by intensifying meningitis surveillance and improving on the rate of laboratory case confirmation.
The Abyss of Madness and Human Understanding

Two pairs of authorsâ€”Pienkos and Sass (2012) and Josselson and Mattila (2012)â€”have commented upon my article, "Psychotherapy as a Human Science: Clinical Case Studies Exploring the Abyss of Madness. " In the article I present a number of case studies that illustrate a phenomenologically, humanistically, and existentially and psychodynamically informed approach to severe psychological disturbances, including both so-called schizophrenia and so-called bipolar disorder. I appreciate the common sympathy that both sets of commentators have with the concept of psychotherapy as a human science. The commentaries also help to raise a number of issues around the concepts of "phenomenological contextualism," "radical otherness" in so-called schizophrenia, the conflict between phenomenological and medical disorder language in describing severe disturbance, and challenges to a psychotherapist working with severely disturbed individuals. Â
Three‐dimensional flow in the subslab mantle

Three‐dimensional models of mantle flow at subduction zones make it possible to explain the common occurrence of trench‐parallel subslab seismic anisotropy. Subslab flow becomes inherently three‐dimensional when slab‐driven flow interacts with a wide variety of ambient background mantle flow conditions. This interaction depends on slab geometries, mechanical coupling parameters, and lower mantle viscosities. Deflection of subslab mantle flow is a robust feature for all model parameters and geometries as the slab acts as an obstruction to the ambient, background mantle flow. Background mantle flow can become trench‐perpendicular or trench‐parallel subslab flow depending on whether the ambient background mantle flow is deflected beneath the bottom of the slab or toward the edge of the slab. The first case is especially prominent in models with short slabs that do not penetrate into the lower mantle. The second case is especially prominent in models with long, steep slabs. The results are also highly sensitive to the amount of mechanical coupling between the subducting plate and the mantle beneath it. High levels of coupling create a boundary layer of trench‐perpendicular entrained flow, pushing the deflection due to the obstructing slab away from the slab. We compare our subslab flow model predictions with a global set of seismic anisotropy fast directions in the subslab mantle, and find generally good agreement between the anisotropy observations (dominantly trench‐parallel or trench‐perpendicular) and the mantle flow directions predicted for decoupled systems.
Predicting Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification of Drugs by Integrating Chemical-Chemical Interactions and Similarities

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, recommended by the World Health Organization, categories drugs into different classes according to their therapeutic and chemical characteristics. For a set of query compounds, how can we identify which ATC-class (or classes) they belong to? It is an important and challenging problem because the information thus obtained would be quite useful for drug development and utilization. By hybridizing the informations of chemical-chemical interactions and chemical-chemical similarities, a novel method was developed for such purpose. It was observed by the jackknife test on a benchmark dataset of 3,883 drug compounds that the overall success rate achieved by the prediction method was about 73% in identifying the drugs among the following 14 main ATC-classes: (1) alimentary tract and metabolism; (2) blood and blood forming organs; (3) cardiovascular system; (4) dermatologicals; (5) genitourinary system and sex hormones; (6) systemic hormonal preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins; (7) anti-infectives for systemic use; (8) antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents; (9) musculoskeletal system; (10) nervous system; (11) antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents; (12) respiratory system; (13) sensory organs; (14) various. Such a success rate is substantially higher than 7% by the random guess. It has not escaped our notice that the current method can be straightforwardly extended to identify the drugs for their 2nd-level, 3rd-level, 4th-level, and 5th-level ATC-classifications once the statistically significant benchmark data are available for these lower levels.
Value-adding partnerships and co-opetition models in the grocery industry

Leading representatives of the European grocery industry formed the European efficient consumer response initiative in 1995. The goal of this strategic alliance is set to reengineer the way in which business is done in the industry by implementing cooperative strategies between retailer and manufacturer in order to fulfill consumer wishes better, faster and at less cost. Efficient consumer response appears thereby in many facets, from a “simple” dyadic value‐adding partnership to a sophisticated form of co‐opetition, where supply chain members have both relationship types – competition and cooperation – at the same time. Our paper discusses these issues first on theoretical bases and then presents empirical results of a comprehensive analysis within a selected European efficient consumer response initiative showing the success factors of managing efficient consumer response partnership relations.
Mother's anxiety and depression and associated risk factors during early pregnancy: effects on fetal growth and activity at 20–22 weeks of gestation

To examine effects of mother's anxiety and depression and associated risk factors during early pregnancy on fetal growth and activity. Repeated measures of mother's anxiety (State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S)) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and related socio demographics and substance consumption were obtained at the 1st and 2nd pregnancy trimesters, and fetus' (N = 147) biometric data and behavior was recorded during ultrasound examination at 20–22 weeks of gestation. Higher anxiety symptoms were associated to both lower fetal growth and higher fetal activity. While lower education, primiparity, adolescent motherhood, and tobacco consumption predicted lower fetal growth, coffee intake predicted lower fetal activity. Vulnerability of fetal development to mother's psychological symptoms as well as to other sociodemographic and substance consumption risk factors during early and mid pregnancy is suggested.
The Structure of Multi-Neuron Firing Patterns in Primate Retina

Current understanding of many neural circuits is limited by our ability to explore the vast number of potential interactions between different cells. We present a new approach that dramatically reduces the complexity of this problem. Large-scale multi-electrode recordings were used to measure electrical activity in nearly complete, regularly spaced mosaics of several hundred ON and OFF parasol retinal ganglion cells in macaque monkey retina. Parasol cells exhibited substantial pairwise correlations, as has been observed in other species, indicating functional connectivity. However, pairwise measurements alone are insufficient to determine the prevalence of multi-neuron firing patterns, which would be predicted from widely diverging common inputs and have been hypothesized to convey distinct visual messages to the brain. The number of possible multi-neuron firing patterns is far too large to study exhaustively, but this problem may be circumvented if two simple rules of connectivity can be established: (1) multi-cell firing patterns arise from multiple pairwise interactions, and (2) interactions are limited to adjacent cells in the mosaic. Using maximum entropy methods from statistical mechanics, we show that pairwise and adjacent interactions accurately accounted for the structure and prevalence of multi-neuron firing patterns, explaining ∼98% of the departures from statistical independence in parasol cells and ∼99% of the departures that were reproducible in repeated measurements. This approach provides a way to define limits on the complexity of network interactions and thus may be relevant for probing the function of many neural circuits.
Evaluation of Politeness: Do the Japanese Evaluate Attentiveness More Positively than the British?

This study investigates evaluation of attentiveness by British and Japanese university students. Attentiveness ( kikubari ) (defined as a demonstrator’s preemptive response to a beneficiary’s verbal/non-verbal cues or situations) is demonstrated without being requested and it is one of the important politeness strategies. A questionnaire including six attentiveness situations was distributed to 74 British and 138 Japanese participants, who were asked to evaluate the attentiveness situations on a five-point Likert scale and to state the reasons for their evaluation. The Likert-scale evaluations were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA and subsequently, the reasons for evaluations were analyzed qualitatively. It was anticipated that the Japanese would evaluate attentiveness more positively than the British, as attentiveness has been important in Japanese culture. The results, however, did not necessarily confirm this. That is, there were significant differences between British and Japanese participants in four situations, the British participants having evaluated attentiveness more positively than the Japanese participants in two situations and the reverse being the case in two other situations.