Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advantages of Vaginal Delivery

Despite an impressive amount of effort and extensive research, our knowledge of parturition remains limited. Scientists have exhaustively investigated ‘‘the timing of birth’’; yet, we still have a limited understanding of the biologic mechanisms that control the events initiating delivery, and consequently, we lack tools to prevent these mechanisms from acting inappropriately. A multitude of factors and structures are involved; the uterus, the cervix, the placenta, and the fetus must all act in concert to ensure a successful delivery. We know that achievement of ‘‘perfect’’ myometrial contractile force to produce cervical dilatation is not the sole factor. Successful delivery also depends on pelvic shape and size as well as fetal size. Birth is perhaps the most exciting and risky journey taken over a lifetime. For many years, labor was simplistically regarded as the physiological process of expelling the fetus from the ‘‘womb’’ at or near term. Today, terms such as ‘‘labor’’ and ‘‘successful vaginal delivery’’ have a different meaning for many who have concentrated their attention onmaternal and fetal shortor long-term outcomes of a successful or unsuccessful vaginal birth, but also for the ones who have witnessed the evolution of obstetric ‘‘fashion. ’’ Rational arguments have imposed a clear distinction between ‘‘facts’’ and ‘‘convenience. ’’ Practice changes as knowledge progresses. One of the changes witnessed in the last decades is a steadily increasing focus on the fetus. Thus, it is not surprising to see that the overall rate of labor induction has doubled as part of our efforts to ‘‘save life. ’’ Although there is compelling evidence to suggest elective induction of labor significantly increases the risk of cesarean delivery (CD), the concept of elective primary cesarean section is not anymore a ‘‘myth. ’’ Powerful debate is taking place in obstetrics regarding the benefit of cesarean over vaginal delivery. Several lessons can be learned from this controversy, and skepticism must be countered only by solid lines of evidence. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a summary of our current understanding of the advantages of vaginal delivery.
Are the most competent auditors in the Big 4 firms ?

Acknowledgements: A prior version of this paper has been circulated with the title " Performance in the CPA Exam and Auditors' Wages: Evidence from Sweden. " This paper has benefitted from comments made at a seminar held at the Umeå School of Business and Economics, the XI Jornadas de Economia Laboral, the Earnet Symposium 2015, EAA 2016 and EALE 2016. We thank Tobias Svanström for his comments on previous versions. The authors have received financial support from the Spanish Government, the " Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ECO2013-48496-C4-4-R. " 2 ABSTRACT The CPA exam provides an evaluation of auditors' professional competence in the early stages of their careers. Using information from the results generated in Sweden, this paper shows that i) auditors at Big 4 firms are younger when they take the exam, ii) younger auditors and auditors at Big 4 firms perform better in the exam, iii) there is a positive association between the results of the CPA exam and wage increases after receiving the CPA certification, with the association being stronger in Big 4 firms, iv) the probabilities of switching from a Big 4 firm to a non-Big 4 decreases with wages (the opposite happens with switches from non-Big 4 firms to Big 4 firms). This evidence is consistent with a matching process based on imperfect information about the competences of the auditors in which Big 4 audit firms attract and retain the most competent auditors from each cohort. Acknowledgements: A prior version of this paper has been circulated with the title " Performance in the CPA Exam and Auditors' Wages: Evidence from Sweden. " This paper has benefitted from comments made at a seminar held at the Umeå School of Business and Economics, the XI Jornadas de Economia Laboral, the Earnet Symposium 2015, EAA 2016 and EALE 2016. We thank Tobias Svanström for his comments on previous versions. The authors have received financial support from the Spanish Government, the " Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ECO2013-48496-C4-4-R. "
Determination of isocyanate specific albumin-adducts in workers exposed to toluene diisocyanates

Toluene diisocyanates (2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI) are important intermediates in the chemical industry. Among the main damages after low levels of TDI exposure are lung sensitization and asthma. It is therefore necessary to have sensitive and specific methods to monitor isocyanate exposure of workers. Urinary metabolites or protein adducts have been used as biomarkers in workers exposed to TDI. However, with these methods it was not possible to determine if the biomarkers result from exposure to TDI or to the corresponding toluene diamines (TDA). This work presents a new procedure for the determination of isocyanate-specific albumin adducts. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry was used to measure the adducts in albumin present in workers exposed to TDI. 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI formed adducts with lysine: Nϵ-[({3-amino-4-methylphenyl}amino)carbonyl]-lysine, Nϵ-[({5-amino-2-methylphenyl}amino)carbonyl]-lysine, and Nϵ- [({3-amino-2-methylphenyl}amino)carbonyl]-lysine. In future studies, this new method can be applied to measure TDI-exposures in workers.
Longitudinal Discriminant Analysis of Hemoglobin Level for Predicting Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications during pregnancy with important effects on health of mother and fetus that causes maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to evaluate whether high levels of hemoglobin may increase the risk of preeclampsia. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict preeclampsia by the hemoglobin profiles through longitudinal discriminant analysis and comparing the error rate of discrimination in longitudinal and cross sectional data. Patients and Methods: In a prospective cohort study from October 2010 to July 2011, 650 pregnant women referred to the prenatal clinic of Milad Hospital in Tehran were evaluated in 3 stages. The hemoglobin level of each woman was measured in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy by an expert technician. The subjects were followed up to delivery and preeclampsia was the main outcome under study. The covariance pattern and linear-mixed effects models are common methods that were applied for discriminant analysis of longitudinal data. Also Student t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics between two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software version 9.1. Results: The prevalence rate of preeclampsia was 7.2% (47 women). The women with preeclampsia had a higher mean of hemoglobin values and the difference was 0.46 g/dL (P = 0.003). Also the mean of hemoglobin in the first trimester was higher than that of the second trimester, and was lower than that of the third trimester and the differences were significant (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity for longitudinal data and cross-sectional data in three trimesters was 90%, 67%, 72%, and 54% and the specificity was 88%, 55%, 63%, and 50%, respectively. Conclusions: The levels of hemoglobin can be used to predict preeclampsia and monitoring the pregnant women and its regular measure in 3 trimesters help us to identify women at risk for preeclampsia.
Lysine-specific demethylase 1-selective inactivators: protein-targeted drug delivery mechanism.

Reversible histone methylation, a process controlled by two counteracting enzyme families, the histone methyltransferases and the histone demethylases, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of epigenetic gene expression. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) removes methyl groups from monoand dimethylated Lys4 of histone H3 (H3K4me1/2) through flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dependent enzymatic oxidation. LSD1 also demethylates H3K9me1/2 in prostate cell lines and in cells infected with herpesviruses. Furthermore, histone demethylation by LSD1 is suggested to be associated with certain disease states, including cancer and herpes simplex infection. 3b, 4] trans-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine (PCPA/Tranylcypromine), which was originally found as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidases (MAOs; also FAD-dependent enzymes), is the best-studied LSD1 inhibitor, and biological studies using PCPA have uncovered important roles of LSD1 in several diseases. 4a,c,d] In addition, several groups, including ours, have reported PCPA derivatives with LSD1 inhibitory activity. While many of these LSD1 inhibitors have been suggested to be potential lead compounds for anticancer agents, most of them have various disadvantages, including poor intracellular activity, insufficient inhibitory potency, or inadequate selectivity for LSD1 over MAO A and MAO B. To overcome these issues, we hypothesized that LSD1 could be potently and selectively inactivated by delivering PCPA directly to the LSD1 active site. Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a series of LSD1 inactivators based upon this concept. PCPA inhibits LSD1 by a single-electron-transfer mechanism (Figures 1 and 2 A). In the active site of LSD1, FAD first extracts one electron from the nitrogen atom of PCPA to form a cation radical. Then, opening of the cyclopropyl ring occurs and subsequent covalent bond formation with FAD. In the course of LSD1 inactivation, the nitrogen atom of PCPA is released as an ammonia molecule through hydrolysis of the imine intermediate. Taking this mechanism into account, together with our idea of delivering PCPA directly to the
Pure mathematics Universal Turing Machine

Steganographers agree that reliable methodologies are an interesting new topic in the field of random-ized algorithms, and biologists concur. Given the current status of self-learning modalities, analysts dubiously desire the analysis of Smalltalk. we use low-energy information to verify that the foremost wireless algorithm for the analysis of voice-over-IP is maximally efficient.
The uncertain OWA operator

The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator was introduced by Yager 1 to provide a method for aggregating several inputs that lie between the max and min operators. In this article, we investigate the uncertain OWA operator in which the associated weighting parameters cannot be specified, but value ranges can be obtained and each input argument is given in the form of an interval of numerical values. The problem of ranking a set of interval numbers and obtaining the weights associated with the uncertain OWA operator is studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peripheral Nerve pericytes originating from the blood–nerve barrier expresses tight junctional molecules and transporters as barrier‐forming cells

The objective of this study was to establish pure blood–nerve barrier (BNB)‐derived peripheral nerve pericyte cell lines and to investigate their unique properties as barrier‐forming cells. We isolated peripheral nerve, brain, and lung pericytes from transgenic rats harboring the temperature‐sensitive simian virus 40 large T‐antigen gene. These cell lines expressed several pericyte markers such as α‐smooth muscle actin, NG2, osteopontin, and desmin, whereas they did not express endothelial cell markers such as vWF and PECAM. In addition, these cell lines expressed several tight junction molecules such as occludin, claudin‐12, ZO‐1, and ZO‐2. In particular, the expression of occludin was detected in peripheral nerve and brain pericytes, although it was not detected in lung pericytes by a Western blot analysis. An immunocytochemical analysis confirmed that occludin and ZO‐1 were localized at the cell–cell boundaries among the pericytes. Brain and peripheral nerve pericytes also showed significantly higher trans‐pericyte electrical resistance values and lower inulin clearances than lung pericytes. We considered that occludin localized at the cell–cell boundaries among the pericytes might mechanically stabilize the microvessels of the BNB and the blood–brain barrier. Furthermore, we also showed that these cell lines expressed many barrier‐related transporters. ABCG2, p‐gp, MRP‐1, and Glut‐1 were detected by a Western blot analysis and were observed in the cytoplasm and outer membrane by an immunocytochemical analysis. These transporters on pericytes might facilitate the peripheral nerve‐to‐blood efflux and blood‐to‐peripheral nerve influx transport of substrates in cooperation with those on endothelial cells in order to maintain peripheral nerve homeostasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 388–399, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND GENETIC COHESIVENESS OVER A MICROENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT IN THE MARINE SNAIL LITTORINA SAXATILIS

The marine gastropod Littorina saxatilis has different ecotypes in shores only a few meters apart. This has both taxonomic and evolutionary implications. Here we report on an extreme type of within‐shore dimorphism in shell characters. In the wave‐exposed rocky shores in northwestern Spain, we found one form of L. saxatilis in the upper‐level barnacle zone. It had a white, ridged shell, with black bands in the grooves. Another form confined to the lower‐shore mussel belt had a smooth shell that was either white and tessellated or darkly colored. These two forms cooccured in a narrow midshore zone together with individuals that had combined characters, but were present in low frequencies (11%–29%). We used principal‐component analysis of metric shell characters to study variation in shell size and shape. We found that the upper‐shore form was larger than the lower‐shore form. We also found small but significant differences in shell shape. Experiments in a common laboratory environment suggested the differences in shell ornamentation and color are inherited, but the individuals did not develop the morph‐specific characters until a shell height of about 3 mm. The occurrence of mainly two distinct forms may suggest the presence of two species that hybridize. An analysis of five polymorphic enzyme loci in populations of snails from three geographically separated sites indicated, however, that there was no positive correlation between morphological distances and genetic distances among populations on a geographic scale (tens of kilometers). Thus, we rejected the hypothesis of two species. However, on a microgeographic scale (meters), genetic differentiation between groups with the same form was less than differentiation between forms. This indicated a partial barrier to gene flow between the two forms, and preliminary mate choice data suggested this was caused by nonrandom mating in the midshore zone of overlap.
Temperature measurement and machining damage in slotting of multidirectional CFRP laminate

ABSTRACT Compared to metallic materials, carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have lower thermal conductivity and minor thermal expansion coefficient. Despite this, their machining can generate accuracy errors if the cutting temperature is not controlled. In this paper, an experimental study of slotting of multidirectional CFRP laminate (G803/914) with three micrograin carbide burr tools with different geometries is considered in order to investigate tool-workpiece contact point temperature, chip temperature, machined surface damage, subsurface defects and tool degradation. The experiment is made on a computer numerical control (CNC) machine with cutting speed ranging from 80 to 200 m/min and feed per tooth from 0.008 to 0.060 mm/rev/tooth. The data were analyzed in order to establish empirical models showing the dependence of cutting temperature on tool geometry and cutting conditions. Based on the results, it is concluded that cutting speed is the factor influencing cutting temperature the most, the heat generated during slotting is removed mainly by chips and the chip temperature is greater than the tool-workpiece contact temperature of about 18.5°C on average for the three burr tools.
Pharmacogenetic considerations for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapies

Introduction: Advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have led to risk-targeted treatment regimens and remarkable improvement in survival rates. Still, up to 20% of patients experience treatment failure due to drug resistance. Treatment-related toxicities are often life-threatening and are the primary cause of treatment interruption, while ALL survivors may develop complications due to exposure to chemotherapy and/or irradiation during a vulnerable period of development. Different factors may contribute to variable treatment outcomes including patient genetics that has been shown to play important role. Areas covered: This review summarizes candidate gene and genome-wide association studies that identified common polymorphisms underlying variability in treatment responses including a few studies addressing late effects of the treatment. Genetic variants influencing antileukemic drug effects or leukemic cell biology have been identified, including for example variants in folate-dependent enzymes, influx and efflux transporters, metabolizing enzymes, drug receptor or apoptotic proteins. Expert opinion: Many pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted in ALL and a variety of potential markers have been identified. Yet more comprehensive insight into genome variations influencing drug responses is needed. Whole exome/genome sequencing, careful study design, mechanistic explanation of association found and collaborative studies will ultimately lead to personalized treatment and improved therapeutic and health outcomes.
Self-Assembly of MinE on the Membrane Underlies Formation of the MinE Ring to Sustain Function of the Escherichia coli Min System*

Background: MinE of the Min system forms a ring-like structure that plays a critical role in triggering the oscillation cycle. Results: MinE self-assembles into fibrillar structures on the membrane through the N-terminal domain. Conclusion: A self-assembly mechanism may underlie the formation of the MinE ring. Significance: This study suggests that self-assembly of MinE on the membrane is a fundamental property of the Min system. The pole-to-pole oscillation of the Min proteins in Escherichia coli results in the inhibition of aberrant polar division, thus facilitating placement of the division septum at the midcell. MinE of the Min system forms a ring-like structure that plays a critical role in triggering the oscillation cycle. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of the MinE ring remains unclear. This study demonstrates that MinE self-assembles into fibrillar structures on the supported lipid bilayer. The MinD-interacting domain of MinE shows amyloidogenic properties, providing a possible mechanism for self-assembly of MinE. Supporting the idea, mutations in residues Ile-24 and Ile-25 of the MinD-interacting domain affect fibril formation, membrane binding ability of MinE and MinD, and subcellular localization of three Min proteins. Additional mutations in residues Ile-72 and Ile-74 suggest a role of the C-terminal domain of MinE in regulating the folding propensity of the MinD-interacting domain for different molecular interactions. The study suggests a self-assembly mechanism that may underlie the ring-like structure formed by MinE-GFP observed in vivo.
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure in Isfahan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Air pollution is an important environmental issue due to its proven serious impacts on human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the attribution of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 2.5 and 10 (PM2.5 and PM10) in the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and premature deaths in Isfahan in 2013–2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive, ecological study was conducted to assess health impacts of PM2.5 and PM10 on the population using Air Q2.2. 3 software, suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: The results showed that the annual mean, winter mean, summer mean, and the 98 percentile of PM10 concentration in Isfahan were 108, 100, 116, and 264 μg/m3, respectively. The number of deaths per year related to PM2.5 was 670 and that for PM10 was 713 cases. The number of annual deaths due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM10 was 316 and 68 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that about 44.3% of total annual death due to cardiovascular diseases and 9.55% of that due to respiratory diseases were attributed to PM10 exposure. In the other word, residents were exposed to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations higher than the WHO guidelines which caused a notable increase in the rate of mortality.
Karolinska Scales of Personality, cognition and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Background: Studies on both personality dimensions and cognition in schizophrenia are scarce. The objective of the present study was to examine personality traits and the relation to cognitive function and psychotic symptoms in a sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Method: In total 23 patients with schizophrenia and 14 controls were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). A broad cognitive test programme was used, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, the Finger-Tapping Test, the Trail Making Test, the Verbal Fluency Test, the Benton Visual Retention Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test . Results: Compared with controls, the patients exhibited prominent elevations on KSP scales measuring anxiety proneness and neuroticism (P = 0.000005–0.0001), on the Detachment scale (P < 0.00009) and lower value on the Socialization scale (P < 0.0002). The patients also scored higher on the Inhibition of Aggression, Suspicion, Guilt and Irritability scales (P = 0.002–0.03) while the remaining five scales did not differ between patients and controls. KSP anxiety-related scales correlated with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) general psychopathology subscale. Cognitive test results were uniformly lower in the patient group and correlated with PANSS negative symptoms subscale. There was no association between KSP scale scores and PANSS positive or negative symptoms. Conclusion: The patients revealed a highly discriminative KSP test profile with elevated scores in neuroticism- and psychoticism-related scales as compared to controls. Results support previous findings utilizing other personality inventories in patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive test performance correlated inversely with negative symptoms.