Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘My mum would be as pleased as punch if I actually went, but my dad seems a bit more particular about it’: paternal involvement in young people's higher education choices

Research on parental involvement in educational ‘choice’, as well as in educational processes more generally, has highlighted clear disparities between the close and active involvement of mothers and the more distant role of fathers. While this article does not question the broad patterns identified by such studies, it does suggest that, in some circumstances at least, fathers are both able and willing to become closely involved in decision‐making processes and to take on much of the ‘hard work’ of educational choice. Drawing on a longitudinal study of young people's higher education decision‐making processes, the article presents evidence of detailed paternal involvement. It then suggests that this apparent ‘anomaly’ can be explained by the mothers' and fathers' differential access to cultural and social capital; a lack of previous experience of active engagement with educational markets; and, in a few cases, young people's active resistance to the involvement of their mothers.
Hot Goods in Happy Hands: Occasional User Accounts and Motivations for Buying Stolen Goods

Using qualitative data collected from an empirical study that focused on theft-related activity in a U.K. high crime area, the motivations and purchase patterns of occasional buyers of stolen goods are considered. In doing so, it is argued that as an illegitimate activity, the stolen goods market not only survives, but actually thrives—even in the face of numerous attempts by legal officials to shut it down. Its success is largely due to unique pull factors, including offering items of need or desire at significantly low prices. However, this article argues that this type of illegal human behavior is varied in terms of offender profile, given that it is shaped by elements of the social, political, and economic environment and that crime reduction initiatives would do well to remember this. On this basis, a number of recommendations for crime reduction policy and practice are suggested.
Cyber security analysis of state estimators in electric power systems

In this paper, we analyze the cyber security of state estimators in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems operating in power grids. Safe and reliable operation of these critical infrastructure systems is a major concern in our society. In current state estimation algorithms there are bad data detection (BDD) schemes to detect random outliers in the measurement data. Such schemes are based on high measurement redundancy. Although such methods may detect a set of very basic cyber attacks, they may fail in the presence of a more intelligent attacker. We explore the latter by considering scenarios where deception attacks are performed, sending false information to the control center. Similar attacks have been studied before for linear state estimators, assuming the attacker has perfect model knowledge. Here we instead assume the attacker only possesses a perturbed model. Such a model may correspond to a partial model of the true system, or even an out-dated model. We characterize the attacker by a set of objectives, and propose policies to synthesize stealthy deceptions attacks, both in the case of linear and nonlinear estimators. We show that the more accurate model the attacker has access to, the larger deception attack he can perform undetected. Specifically, we quantify trade-offs between model accuracy and possible attack impact for different BDD schemes. The developed tools can be used to further strengthen and protect the critical state-estimation component in SCADA systems.
Compiling pattern matching to good decision trees

We address the issue of compiling ML pattern matching to compact and efficient decisions trees. Traditionally, compilation to decision trees is optimized by (1) implementing decision trees as dags with maximal sharing; (2) guiding a simple compiler with heuristics. We first design new heuristics that are inspired by necessity, a concept from lazy pattern matching that we rephrase in terms of decision tree semantics. Thereby, we simplify previous semantic frameworks and demonstrate a straightforward connection between necessity and decision tree runtime efficiency. We complete our study by experiments, showing that optimizing compilation to decision trees is competitive with the optimizing match compiler of Le Fessant and Maranget (2001).
Reconsidering social science theories in natural resource management continuing professional education

Over 25 years ago, the ‘wicked problems’ concept was introduced into forestry to describe the increasingly complex work situations faced by many natural resource management (NRM) professionals and at the same time the demand and frequency of public involvement in NRM issues also grew. Research on the impact of these changes for NRM professionals resulted in many studies calling for NRM professionals to learn a host of new social science-related skills and knowledge. Twenty years later, research continues to show that NRM professionals are struggling to develop these ‘new’ skills and calls for integrating the social sciences in NRM education and practice endure. This paper discusses the challenge of integrating social science skills and knowledge into NRM public involvement practice and continuing professional education. The paper argues for a reconsideration of how social science theories relate to professionals’ practical theories and concludes with some implications and proposals for NRM continuing professional education.
Judgment Confidence and Judgment Accuracy of Teachers in Judging Self-Concepts of Students

ABSTRACT Accurate teacher judgments of student characteristics are considered to be important prerequisites for adaptive instruction. A theoretically important condition for putting these judgments into operation is judgment confidence. Using a German sample of 96 teachers and 1,388 students, the authors examined how confident teachers are in their judgments of students’ mathematic and verbal self-concepts, and whether judgment confidence is related to judgment accuracy. Judgment confidence was largely student specific, and the majority of teachers were overconfident of their judgments. Moreover, teacher confidence was higher for extreme judgments. In the subject of mathematics, judgment confidence was moderately associated with judgment accuracy. The findings challenge the efficacy of adapting instruction to student characteristics, as it is obvious that many teachers are not aware of their judgment inaccuracy.
Starting School: What Do the Children Say?

As part of an ongoing study of young children's transition to school, a group of 50 young children who had recently started school were interviewed about their experiences, expectations and perceptions. Their responses indicated a strong focus on the rules they encountered in the school context and their feelings, or dispositions, about going to school. Children's responses are analysed according to the types of rules mentioned, the perceived consequences of infringing these rules and the nature of the dispositions mentioned. Underlying the study is a commitment to listening to the voices of children and a regard for their active role in research that seeks to understand the transition to school.
Workplace Helping: Interactive Effects of Personality and Momentary Positive Affect

We investigated interactions between positive affect and personality (empathy and altruism) as predictors of workplace helping. We conducted an experience sampling study with 80 participants, each of whom completed personality instruments and responded to a maximum of 5 electronic surveys per day for 5 workdays. This approach allowed us to study relationships over time between momentary positive affect and workplace helping behavior. We found that affect's relationship with later helping depended on the personality trait of altruism. We also found evidence that the relationship was reciprocal—helping others lead to increased positive affect, but again the relationship depended on altruism.
Reductive ortho and meta Dechlorination of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener by Anaerobic Microorganisms

We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to study the metabolic fate of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2356-CB) (350 μM) incubated with unacclimated methanogenic pond sediment. The 2356-CB was dechlorinated to 25-CB (21%), 26-CB (63%), and 236-CB (16%) in 37 weeks. This is the first experimental demonstration of ortho dechlorination of a polychlorinated biphenyl by anaerobic microorganisms.
Decentralized Fuzzy Observer-Based Output-Feedback Control for Nonlinear Large-Scale Systems: An LMI Approach

This paper presents a decentralized fuzzy control problem for asymptotic stabilization of a class of nonlinear large-scale systems that use an observer-based output-feedback scheme. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is adopted for the nonlinear large-scale system, which has unknown interconnection terms, and a fuzzy controller is separately considered for measurable and nonmeasurable premise variable cases. Sufficient conditions are derived for both asymptotic stabilization and optimization of a maximum bound of interconnection and are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Parenting Wisely: Parent Training via CD-ROM with an Australian Sample

The effectiveness of a parenting program was examined with an Australian sample regarding improved parent knowledge, parental sense of competence, and child behavior. One hundred and sixteen parents and their children were randomly assigned to three conditions: a two-session group based intervention, a two-session self-administered individual intervention, or to a waitlist control group. Across both treatment modalities results reveal a significant increase in parental satisfaction, efficacy, and a reduction in child problem behavior. Improvements were maintained at 3-months follow-up. Results indicate the individual self-administered format enhanced treatment gains relative to the group format.
Single-Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction via Learned Geometric Dictionaries and Clustered Sparse Coding

Recently, single image super-resolution reconstruction (SISR) via sparse coding has attracted increasing interest. In this paper, we proposed a multiple-geometric-dictionaries-based clustered sparse coding scheme for SISR. Firstly, a large number of high-resolution (HR) image patches are randomly extracted from a set of example training images and clustered into several groups of “geometric patches,” from which the corresponding “geometric dictionaries” are learned to further sparsely code each local patch in a low-resolution image. A clustering aggregation is performed on the HR patches recovered by different dictionaries, followed by a subsequent patch aggregation to estimate the HR image. Considering that there are often many repetitive image structures in an image, we add a self-similarity constraint on the recovered image in patch aggregation to reveal new features and details. Finally, the HR residual image is estimated by the proposed recovery method and compensated to better preserve the subtle details of the images. Some experiments test the proposed method on natural images, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms its counterparts in both visual fidelity and numerical measures.
Inclusion and the autism spectrum

In a recent survey, primary school teachers reported a prevalence rate for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) of one in 80 pupils (Barnard et al., 2002: 5). Interestingly, this prevalence rate is more than three times higher than that reported in secondary schools. Whatever the causes behind the rising numbers, it is clear that secondary schools will shortly be faced with higher numbers of pupils with ASD than they have previously experienced.
Relating Test-Taking Attitudes and Skills and Stereotype Threat Effects to the Racial Gap in Cognitive Ability Test Performance

This research extended past studies on race effects and stereotype threat (ST) effects outside the academic domain, as well as exploring the mediating role of test-related cognition, motivation, and emotionality in the Black-White cognitive ability test performance differences. One hundred seventy-two undergraduates took a simulated personnel selection test and responded to measures of attitudinal and test-taking skills prior to and after the test. Half of the participants were told that the test provided the hypothetical employer diagnostic information about their reasoning abilities and limitations; they were also asked to report their racial status prior to taking the test. Significant race differences favoring Whites were found for mathematical and logical performance, holding ability constant. A metacognitive strategy, regulation of cognition, partially mediated race effects on mathematical and verbal performance. Contrary to previous findings, no traditional significant ST effects were found; however, a 3-way interaction revealed that proficiency in test-taking strategies mitigated the Black-White mathematical score gap to a greater extent for those in the ST condition.
Mechanism of recruiting Sec6/8 (exocyst) complex to the apical junctional complex during polarization of epithelial cells

Sec6/8 (exocyst) complex regulates vesicle delivery and polarized membrane growth in a variety of cells, but mechanisms regulating Sec6/8 localization are unknown. In epithelial cells, Sec6/8 complex is recruited to cell-cell contacts with a mixture of junctional proteins, but then sorts out to the apex of the lateral membrane with components of tight junction and nectin complexes. Sec6/8 complex fractionates in a high molecular mass complex with tight junction proteins and a portion of E-cadherin, and co-immunoprecipitates with cell surface-labeled E-cadherin and nectin-2α. Recruitment of Sec6/8 complex to cell-cell contacts can be achieved in fibroblasts when E-cadherin and nectin-2α are co-expressed. These results support a model in which localized recruitment of Sec6/8 complex to the plasma membrane by specific cell-cell adhesion complexes defines a site for vesicle delivery and polarized membrane growth during development of epithelial cell polarity.
Intelligent optimization of seam-line finding for orthophoto mosaicking with LiDAR point clouds

A detailed study was carried out to find optimal seam-lines for mosaicking of images acquired by an airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system. High ground objects labeled as obstacles can be identified by delineating black holes from filtered point clouds obtained by filtering the raw laser scanning dataset. An innovative A* algorithm is proposed that can automatically make the seam-lines keep away from these obstacles in the registered images. This method can intelligently optimize the selection of seam-lines and improve the quality of orthophotos. A simulated grid image was first used to analyze the effect of different heuristic functions on path planning. Three subsets of LiDAR data from Xiüan, Dunhuang, and Changyang in Northwest China were obtained. A quantitative method including pixel intensity, hue, and texture was used. With our proposed method, 9.4%, 8.7%, and 9.8% improvements were achieved in Dunhuang, Xiüan, and Changyang, respectively.
Diacylglycerol Kinase Epsilon Modulates Rapid Kindling Epileptogenesis

Summary: Purpose: Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGKε) regulates seizure susceptibility and long‐term potentiation through arachidonoyl‐inositol lipid signaling. We studied the significance of arachidonoyl‐diacylglycerol (20:4 DAG) in epileptogenesis in DGKε‐deficient mice undergoing rapid kindling epileptogenesis.
The effect of decor paper and resin type on the physical, mechanical, and surface quality properties of particleboards coated with impregnated decor papers

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of décor paper and resin type on physical properties, mechanic properties, and surface quality properties of particleboards coated with décor papers impregnated by using different resin. White oak, New wenge and common maple pattern decor papers impregnated with urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine formaldehyde (MF) and urea-melamine formaldehyde (UF+MF) were used as coating materials. Particleboard surface was laminated with these coating materials by hydraulic press. As a result, specimens coated with MF-impregnated papers showed better performance than those coated with UF and UF+MF-impregnated papers. Resin type and paper pattern affected the physical, mechanical (with exception of tension strength), and surface properties (especially cigarette burn and abrasion) of coated particleboards. Physical and mechanical properties of coated particleboard were significantly improved compared to non-laminated particleboards. It was found that paper pattern affected the surface properties, such as impact, scratch, and abrasion, resistance to staining and cigarette burn. However, it did not change the cracking and steaming properties of the coated samples. After the coating process, it was determined that cigarette burn, abrasion, impact, and scratch performances were among 1 to 3 grade, lp:10-35, Fp:210-340/100-150, and 2 to 5 grade, respectively.
Is life dissatisfaction the opposite of life satisfaction

The circumplex model of affect proposes that states of affect can be categorised according to the two dimensions of valence and arousal. According to this model, satisfaction and dissatisfaction are located on the pleasant and unpleasant ends of the valence axis as bipolar opposites. This study investigated the relationship between these two adjectives when assessed with unipolar or bipolar response formats. This suggests that a reciprocal relationship exists between life satisfaction and dissatisfaction when a unipolar response format is employed, but not when a bipolar response format was used. These results are discussed in relation to current affect theory and subject wellbeing research.
Risk and Protective Factors for Three Major Mental Health Problems Among Latino American Men Nationwide

The present study investigated psychosocial predictors for major depressive disorder (MDD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation (SI) of Latino American men identified in the first national mental health epidemiological survey of Latinos. Three separate sets of logistic regression analyses were performed for 1,127 Latinos, following preplanned two steps (Model 1—Known Demographic and Acculturation Predictors as controls, Model 2—Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors). Results show that Negative Interactions with family members significantly predicted the likelihood of both MDD and SI, while SI was also associated with Discrimination. Acculturation Stress was associated with that of GAD (alongside more Income, Education of 12 years, and Years in the United States for less than 11 years). Other potential protective factors (social support, racial/ethnic identity, religious involvement) were not influential. The differential predictors for mental health issues among Latino men imply that assessment and intervention for them may need certain gender-specific foci in order to improve mental health disparities in this population.
Remembering and planning talk between mothers and children

Three aspects of temporally displaced (TD) talk between mothers and children were explored: the role of the knowledge base in such talk, the effect of mother talk on child talk, and the impact of such talk on the child's knowledge base. Mother‐child (2‐year‐old) speech was observed in three contexts: (a) routine or scripted; (b) free play; and (c) novel play. Such talk occurred almost exclusively in the scripted context and its topics were predominantly based on other routine activities in which the dyad was not presently engaged. These results point to the strong influence of the knowledge base in terms of event schemas (representations of routine activities) in supporting TD talk. Maternal talk was characterized by the use of adverbial temporal markers, hypothetical and conditional expressions, conversational routines, and Wh‐ questions. These aspects of maternal speech indicate “scaffolding” and may facilitate the child's acquisition of the appropriate form, content, and organization of TD talk. Analys.
Coreference Resolution Using Decision Trees

Coreference resolution is the process of determining whether two expressions in natural language refer to the same entity in the world. We adopt machine learning approach using decision tree to a coreference resolution of general noun phrases in unrestricted text based on well defined features. We also use approximate matching algorithms for a string match feature and databases of American last names and male and female first names for gender agreement and alias feature. For the evaluation we use MUC-6 coreference corpora. We show that pessimistic error pruning method gives better generalization in a coreference resolution task than that reported in W.M. Soon et al. (2001) when weights of positive and negative examples are properly chosen
Influences on metamemory judgements

The principal aim of the experiments was to examine the effects of context on metamemory judgements such as judgement of learning (JOL) and on object-level memory (recall) for meaningful complex material. Three other variables known to affect metamemory judgements for word lists—degree of learning, delay of JOL, and study-test retention interval—were also examined. In Experiment 1, learning sentences in or out of a story context did not affect either metamemory judgements for material that was to be tested 2 or 6 weeks later, or object-level memory (cued recall). JOL ratings were, however, sensitive to a within-subject manipulation of amount of learning. Subjects accurately judged that their memory would be better for overleamed material. Delaying JOL for 24 hours compared to same-session JOL allowed subjects to more accurately assess the deleterious effect of long retention intervals on memory. In contrast to the lack of effect of contextualisation in Experiment 1, when context was manipulated as a within-subjects variable in Experiment 2, a test of cued-recall performance 4 weeks later showed that memory was significantly better for sentences learned in a story context than those learned in the context of related sentences. Despite this improvement in recall due to contextualisation, JOL ratings indicated that they were not able to predict in advance that they would demonstrate better memory for contextualised sentences. In addition to the new manipulation of contextualisation, these results confirm earlier findings with respect to JOL timing, amount of learning, and retention interval on memory and metamemory, and extend these findings to real-world complex material.