Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Multicomponent Microsystems by Directed Three‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly

We have developed a directed self‐assembly process for the fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) microsystems that contain non‐identical parts and a statistical model that relates the process yield to the process parameters. The self‐assembly process uses geometric‐shape recognition to identify different components, and surface tension between liquid solder and metal‐coated areas to form mechanical and electrical connections. The concept is used to realize self‐packaging microsystems that contain non‐identical subunits. To enable the realization of microsystems that contain more than two non‐identical subunits, sequential self‐assembly is introduced, a process that is similar to the formation of heterodimers, heterotrimers, and higher aggregates found in nature, chemistry, and chemical biology. The self‐assembly of three‐component assemblies is demonstrated by sequentially adding device segments to the assembly solution including two hundred micrometer‐sized light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits. Six hundred AlGaInP/GaAs LED segments self‐assembled onto device carriers in two minutes, without defects, and encapsulation units self‐assembled onto the LED‐carrier assemblies to form a 3D circuit path to operate the final device. The self‐assembly process is a well‐defined statistical process. The process follows a first‐order, non‐linear differential equation. The presented model relates the progression of the self‐assembly and yield with the process parameters—component population and capture probability—that are defined by the agitation and the component design.
Estimating the threshold for maximizing expected gain in supervised discrete Bayesian classification

When mining discrete data to train supervised discrete Bayesian classifiers, it is often of interest to determine the best threshold setting for maximizing performance. In this work, we utilize a discrete Bayesian classification model, and a gain function, to determine the best threshold setting for a given number of training data under each class. Results are demonstrated for simulated data by plotting the expected gain versus threshold settings for different numbers of discrete training data. In general, it is shown that the expected gain reaches a maximum at a certain threshold. Further, this maximum point varies with the overall quantization of the data. Additional results are also shown for different gain functions on the decision variable.
Laboratory Investigations on Factors Affecting Soil Electrical Resistivity and the Measurement

Soil electrical resistivity is an important parameter in grounding system design. In this paper, laboratory measurements of soil electrical resistivity are carried out using a soil box. Two measurement methods are used and compared, namely, a two-electrode method and a four-electrode method. The measurements indicate that the results reported by the two-electrode method are affected by the contact resistance between the electrodes and the soil, which increases as the soil water content increases. Moreover, the soil electrical resistivity was observed to decrease as the test signal frequency increases. Using the four-electrode method and a 50-Hz ac signal, the effects of soil water content, soil porosity, pore fluid composition, and temperature on the soil electrical resistivity are then investigated. The results show that increasing the soil saturation level results in a power function decrease in the soil electrical resistivity. For a given gravimetric water content, as the soil porosity decreases, the resistivity decreases. In addition, owing to the mobility of the ions, different electrolytes in the pore fluid contribute differently to the soil electrical resistivity. Finally, the dependence of soil electrical resistivity on soil temperature is found to be divided into three stages: above 0 °C, around 0 °C, and below 0 °C. An abrupt change in the soil electrical resistivity is observed at around 0 °C.
Does the Marquardt mask serve as a helpful guide for facial feminization surgery

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 1 Statement of the Problem . 3 Hypothesis. 3 Objectives and specific aims . 3 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 5 Overview . 5 Existing research . 8 METHODS . 22 Study design . 22
Multimorbidity Redefined: Prospective Health Outcomes and the Cumulative Effect of Co-Occurring Conditions

Introduction Multimorbidity is common among middle-aged and older adults; however the prospective effects of multimorbidity on health outcomes (health status, major health decline, and mortality) have not been fully explored. This study addresses this gap in the literature. Methods We used self-reported data from the 2008 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study. Our study population included 13,232 adults aged 50 or older. Our measure of baseline multimorbidity in 2008 was based on the occurrence or co-occurrence of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and/or geriatric syndromes, as follows: MM0, no chronic conditions, functional limitations, or geriatric syndromes; MM1, occurrence (but no co-occurrence) of chronic conditions, functional limitations, or geriatric syndromes; MM2, co-occurrence of any 2 of chronic conditions, functional limitations, or geriatric syndromes; and MM3, co-occurrence of all 3 of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes. Outcomes in 2010 included fair or poor health status, major health decline, and mortality. Results All 3 outcomes were significantly associated with multimorbidity. Compared with MM0 (respectively for fair or poor health and major health decline), the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals were as follows: 2.61 (1.79–3.78) and 2.20 (1.42–3.41) for MM1; 7.49 (5.20–10.77) and 3.70 (2.40–5.71) for MM2; and 22.66 (15.64–32.83) and 4.72 (3.03–7.37) for MM3. Multimorbidity was also associated with mortality: an adult classified as MM3 was nearly 12 times (AOR, 11.87 [5.72–24.62]) as likely as an adult classified as MM0 to die within 2 years. Conclusion Given the strong and significant association between multimorbidity and prospective health status, major health decline, and mortality, multimorbidity may be used — both in clinical practice and in research — to identify older adults with heightened vulnerability for adverse outcomes.
Biological activities of leupeptins.

Leupeptins, leupeptin Pr and leupeptin Ac, strongly inhibit proteolysis by plasmin, trypsin and papain, but do not inhibit proteolysis by α-chymotrypsin. The inhibition is competitive with substrates. The inhibitory effect on esterolysis by plasmin and trypsin is weaker than on proteolysis. The results with derivatives of leupeptins which contain carboxyl or alcohol instead of aldehyde and of di-n-butyl acetals of leupeptins indicate that the free aldehyde group plays a role in the activities. Leupeptins are absorbed orally and at least about 25 % is excreted in urine. Oral administration of leupeptins exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on edema. Leupeptins inhibited thrombokinase reaction and coagulation of blood of human and rabbit. Type of inhibition was different from heparin. Coagulation of blood of rats and dogs are not inhibited. The effects of leupeptins on thrombokinase, thrombin, plasmin, trypsin, papain, kallikrein and α-chymotrypsin were compared with those of e-aminocaproic acid, trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, soybean trypsin inhibitor and trasylol.
HLA ASSOCIATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIES AND IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA CAUSED BY 21‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY

Ninety‐nine Caucasian patients with ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries (PCO) were typed for human leucocyte (HLA) antigens. Fifty patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21‐hydroxylase deficiency were similarly typed. Among the patients with PCO, there was a significant increase in the frequency of HLA DRW6 (P = 0‐0027) compared with that found in a control population, which remained significant (P = 0.027) when corrected for the number of antigens tested. This difference was reduced, but remained significant (P = 0.006), when the patients with CAH and PCO were added. There was also a significant decrease in the frequency of HLA DR7 (P = 0.017) among the patients with PCO compared with a control population, but there was no distortion of the frequencies of HLA A, B or Cw antigens. Among the patients with CAH, previously well documented associations of HLA B14 and DR1 with non‐classical disease were confirmed. The frequency of HLA Bw47 was increased among the whole group of CAH patients (P = 0.05) but was not increased among those with classical salt‐wasting (SW) or simple virilizing (SV) disease. Family studies were performed in close female relatives of 16 of the PCO patients and 21 of the CAH patients but no evidence for genetic linkage between HLA and PCO status could be found. These data suggest that there is no significant component of disturbed adrenal steroid 21‐hydroxylase activity to account for the PCO morphology, although there may be some other genetic factor, more proximal to the centromere on chromosome 6, affecting the development of polycystic ovaries.
Self-inflicted pain out of boredom 1 Self-inflicted pain out of boredom

Previous research has shown that in response to a monotonous, boring lab situation, non-clinical participants voluntarily self-administer electric shocks. The shocks probably served to disrupt the tedious monotony: they were the only available external source of stimulation. Alternatively, the shocks might have functioned to regulate the negative emotional experience caused by the induction of boredom, consistent with theories on the function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). According to this latter explanation, induction of other negative emotions would also increase the administration of shocks. To test this explanation, 69 participants watched a monotonous, sad or neutral film fragment, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. Participants in the boredom condition self-administered more shocks and with higher intensity, compared to both the neutral and sadness condition. Sadness had no effect on the self-administration of shocks. The effect of boredom was more pronounced in participants with a history of NSSI: they administered more shocks in the first 15 minutes. The results indicate that the shocks function to disrupt monotony and not to regulate negative emotional experience in general. Moreover, boredom appears an important impetus for NSSI.
Pilot Study Results from a Brief Intervention to Create Smoke-Free Homes

Very few community-based intervention studies have examined how to effectively increase the adoption of smoke-free homes. A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term outcomes of a brief, four-component intervention for promoting smoke-free home policies among low-income households. We recruited forty participants (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) to receive the intervention at two-week intervals. The design was a pretest-posttest with follow-up at two weeks after intervention. The primary outcome measure was self-reported presence of a total home smoking ban. At follow-up, 78% of participants reported having tried to establish a smoke-free rule in their home, with significantly more nonsmokers attempting a smoke-free home than smokers (P = .03). These attempts led to increased smoking restrictions, that is, going from no ban to a partial or total ban, or from a partial to a total ban, in 43% of the homes. At follow-up, 33% of the participants reported having made their home totally smoke-free. Additionally, smokers reported smoking fewer cigarettes per day. Results suggest that the intervention is promising and warrants a rigorous efficacy trial.
Frequent Loss of pRb 2 / p 130 in Human Ovarian Carcinoma

Purpose: RB2/p130, a member of the retinoblastoma gene family, maps to human chromosome 16q12.2, a region in which deletions have been found in several human neoplasms including breast, prostatic, and ovarian carcinoma. We sought to evaluate pRb2/p130 protein expression and function in ovarian carcinoma. Experimental Design: pRb2/p130 expression was detected by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses in 45 primary ovarian carcinoma samples. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed loss or decrease of pRb2/p130 expression in 18 cases (40%). pRb2/ p130 expression was mostly nuclear and inversely correlated to the tumor grade (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis correlated with immunohistochemical expression. Reverse transcription-PCR followed by Southern blot analysis was performed on a representative set of 20 ovarian carcinomas. RB2/p130 mRNA levels were consistent with protein expression. We found a significant increase in the percentage of G1-phase-arrested cells in CAOV3 and A2780 ovarian carcinoma cell lines after transduction with an adenovirus carrying the RB2/p130 gene (Ad-CMV-RB2/p130). Conclusions: These data indicate that loss or decrease of pRb2/p130 expression is a frequent event in ovarian carcinoma and is regulated mostly at the transcriptional level. Moreover, pRb2/p130 overexpression is able to arrest cell growth in ovarian carcinoma cells, suggesting the putative role of pRb2/p130 as a tumor suppressor in this malignancy.
Process and Effects Evaluation of a Digital Mental Health Intervention Targeted at Improving Occupational Well-Being: Lessons From an Intervention Study With Failed Adoption

Background Digital interventions have the potential to serve as cost-effective ways to manage occupational stress and well-being. However, little is known about the adoption of individual-level digital interventions at organizations. Objectives The aim of this paper is to study the effects of an unguided digital mental health intervention in occupational well-being and the factors that influence the adoption of the intervention. Methods The intervention was based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and its aim was to teach skills for stress management and mental well-being. It was delivered via a mobile and a Web-based app that were offered to employees of two information and communication technology (ICT) companies. The primary outcome measures were perceived stress and work engagement, measured by a 1-item stress questionnaire (Stress) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). The intervention process was evaluated regarding the change mechanisms and intervention stages using mixed methods. The initial interviews were conducted face-to-face with human resource managers (n=2) of both companies in August 2013. The participants were recruited via information sessions and email invitations. The intervention period took place between November 2013 and March 2014. The participants were asked to complete online questionnaires at baseline, two months, and four months after the baseline measurement. The final phone interviews for the volunteer participants (n=17) and the human resource managers (n=2) were conducted in April to May 2014, five months after the baseline. Results Of all the employees, only 27 (8.1%, 27/332) took the app into use, with a mean use of 4.8 (SD 4.7) different days. In the beginning, well-being was on good level in both companies and no significant changes in well-being were observed. The activities of the intervention process failed to integrate the intervention into everyday activities at the workplace. Those who took the app into use experienced many benefits such as relief in stressful situations. The app was perceived as a toolkit for personal well-being that gives concrete instructions on how mindfulness can be practiced. However, many barriers to participate in the intervention were identified at the individual level, such as lack of time, lack of perceived need, and lack of perceived benefits. Conclusions The findings suggest that neither the setting nor the approach used in this study were successful in adopting new digital interventions at the target organizations. Barriers were faced at both the organizational as well as the individual level. At the organizational level, top management needs to be involved in the intervention planning for fitting into the organization policies, the existing technology infrastructure, and also targeting the organizational goals. At the individual level, concretizing the benefits of the preventive intervention and arranging time for app use at the workplace are likely to increase adoption.
An Improved Double Compression Detection Method for JPEG Image Forensics

Double JPEG image compression detection, or more specifically, double quantization detection, is an important digital image forensic method to detect the presence of image forgery or tampering. In this paper, we introduce an improved double quantization detection method to improve the accuracy of JPEG image tampering detection. We evaluate our detection method using the publicly available CASIA authentic and tampered image data set of 9501 JPEG images. We carry out 20 rounds of experiments with stringent parameter setting placed on our detection method to demonstrate its robustness. Each round of classifier is generated from a unique, non-overlapping and small subset composing of 1/20 of the tampered and 1/72 of the authentic images, to obtain a training data set of about 100 images per class, with the rest of the 19/20 of the tampered and 71/72 of the authentic images used for testing. Through the experiments, we show an average improvement of 40.31% and 44.85% in the true negative (TN) rate and true positive (TP) rate, respectively, when compared with the current state-of-the-art method. The average TN and TP rates obtained from 20 rounds of experiments carried out using our detection method, are 90.81% and 76.95%, respectively. The experimental results show that our JPEG image forensics method can support a reliable large-scale digital image evidence authenticity verification with consistent good accuracy. The low training to testing data ratio also indicates that our method is robust in practical applications even with a relatively limited or small training data set available.
Quantitatively Increased Somatic Transposition of Transposable Elements in Drosophila Strains Compromised for RNAi

In Drosophila melanogaster, small RNAs homologous to transposable elements (TEs) are of two types: piRNA (piwi-interacting RNA) with size 23-29nt and siRNA (small interfering RNA) with size 19-22nt. The siRNA pathway is suggested to silence TE activities in somatic tissues based on TE expression profiles, but direct evidence of transposition is lacking. Here we developed an efficient FISH (fluorescence in Situ hybridization) based method for polytene chromosomes from larval salivary glands to reveal new TE insertions. Analysis of the LTR-retrotransposon 297 and the non-LTR retroposon DOC shows that in the argonaut 2 (Ago2) and Dicer 2 (Dcr2) mutant strains, new transposition events are much more frequent than in heterozygous strains or wild type strains. The data demonstrate that the siRNA pathway represses TE transposition in somatic cells. Nevertheless, we found that loss of one functional copy of Ago2 or Dcr2 increases somatic transpositions of the elements at a lower level depending on the genetic background, suggesting a quantitative role for RNAi core components on mutation frequency.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Part 1: Fundamental Imaging and Clinical Features

SUMMARY: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state coupled with a unique CT or MR imaging appearance. Recognized in the setting of a number of complex conditions (preeclampsia/eclampsia, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, organ transplantation, autoimmune disease and high dose chemotherapy) the imaging, clinical and laboratory features of this toxic state are becoming better elucidated. This review summarizes the basic and advanced imaging features of PRES, along with pertinent features of the clinical and laboratory presentation and available histopathology. Many common imaging/clinical/laboratory observations are present among these patients, despite the perception of widely different associated clinical conditions.
Domain-specific Trust for Context-aware BDI Agents - Preliminary Work

Context-aware systems are capable of perceiving the physical environment where they are deployed and adapt their behavior accordingly. Multiagent systems based on the BDI architecture can be used to process contextual information in the form of beliefs. Contextual information can be divided and structured in the form of information domains. Information and experience sharing enables a single agent to receive data on different information domains from another agent. In this scenario, establishing a trust model between agents can take into account the relative perceptions each agent has of the others, as well as different trust degrees for different information domains. The objective of this work is to adapt an epistemic model to be used by agents with their belief revision in order to establish a mechanism of domain-specific relative trust attribution. Such mechanism will allow for each agent to possess different trust degrees associated with other agents regarding different information domains.
Restoration of Prairie Community Structure and Ecosystem Function in an Abandoned Hayfield: A Sowing Experiment

Using a multispecies seed sowing experiment, we investigated the roles of seed and microsite limitation in constraining the restoration of native prairie diversity and ecosystem function in an abandoned upland hayfield in northeastern Kansas. Seeds of 32 native and naturalized plant species from the regional pool were sown into undisturbed and experimentally disturbed field plots. After six growing seasons, experimental sowing led to major shifts in species and functional group composition, increases in native species abundance and floristic quality, declines in abundance of non‐native species, and increases in plant diversity. These changes in community structure led to significant changes at the ecosystem level including increases in light capture, peak biomass, primary production, litter biomass, root biomass, and C storage in roots. Our findings reveal the importance of seed limitations in constraining the natural recovery of prairie vegetation, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning in this grassland and confirm broadcast sowing as a useful tool for the restoration of upland hayfield sites.
A characterization of the Dirichlet distribution through global and local parameter independence

We provide a new characterization of the Dirichlet distribution. Let θ ij , 1 ≤ i < k, 1 ≤ j ≤ n, be positive random variables that sum to unity. Define θ i = Σ j n = 1 θ ij , θ 1 = {θ i } i=1 k=1 , θ j/i = θ ij /Σj θ ij and θ j/i = {θ j/i } j=1 n-1 . We prove that if {θi, θ j/1 ,. , θ j/k } are mutually independent and {θ. j , θ l/1 ,. , θ I/n } are mutually independent (where θ. j and θ I/j are defined analogously), and each parameter set has a strictly positive pdf, then the pdf of θ ij is Dirichlet. This characterization implies that under assumptions made by several previous authors for selecting a Bayesian network structure out of a set of candidate structures, a Dirichlet prior on the parameters is inevitable.