Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Photon Polymerization of Waveguide Structures Within Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

strain energy is smaller on (101)/(104) planes than on the (003) plane, which might determine the more favorable crystal growth on (101)/(104) planes in our film. Only micro-Raman spectroscopy has been useful to identify LiCoO2 film patterning. In addition to the strong and sharp bands around 730 and 380 cm of the spectrum from the PTFE membrane in Figure 3b, two Raman active vibrational modes of Eg at 485 and A1g at 597 cm ±1 were clearly detected, confirming crystal growth of layered hexagonal patterned LiCoO2 on the surface of the membrane. In conclusion, we have fabricated in-situ shaped, sized, reacted, and oriented LiCoO2 positive electrode materials on a flexible substrate such as the paper-type Teflon membrane, at low-temperatures using soft solution processing without firing/sintering or melting. The results obtained were similar to other deposition processes using fluids such as vapor, gas, plasma, and beam or vacuum processing. Supersaturation and nucleation transfer have been applied to membranes placed at the supersaturation position near the Co working electrode, forming the direct attachment of a positive electrode separator for lithium batteries. Received: June 29, 2001 Final version: November 12, 2001
Cultural Openness as an Emerging Form of Cultural Capital in Contemporary France

This article explores the changing pattern of cultural privilege in contemporary France. Using French data on cultural practices, including variables on ‘highbrow’ culture, mass culture and cosmopolitan culture, we apply a multi-correspondence analysis (MCA). The findings first show that cultural privilege among French social and educational elites remains primarily a matter of cultural capital endowment, with a structuring contrast between ‘legitimate’ and ‘mass’ culture. The MCA also shows an additional divide between local and global culture underpinned by a strong age gradient. Yet the emergence of a changing pattern of cultural privilege among the youngest cohorts does not imply any clear reduction in cultural inequalities. Rather, it suggests a growing cultural distinctiveness of French elites. Finally, these tendencies should not be easily extrapolated to other contexts as they reflect strong French specificities related to the evolution of social and educational structures during the second half of the 20th century.
Using predictors of hormone therapy use to model the healthy user bias: how does healthy user status influence cognitive effects of hormone therapy?

ObjectiveThis study investigated the phenomenon known as the healthy user bias by equating hormone therapy (HT) use (past or current) with healthy user status. MethodsData from the Survey of Midlife in the United States were used to identify the predictors of HT use. The unique Survey of Midlife in the United States data include psychological, demographic, health-related, and behavioral variables as well as history of HT use. Predictors of HT use were combined to derive propensity scores, describing the likelihood that a woman was an HT user, based on her psychological, demographic, physical, and behavioral profile (ie, likelihood of being a healthy user) as opposed to her actual use of HT. Finally, cognitive performance on an executive function test was examined in women stratified by propensity score. ResultsUsing a multiple logistic regression model, nine variables emerged as predictors of HT use. The nine variables were used to estimate the propensity or conditional probability of using HT for each subject; resultant propensity scores were ranked and divided into tertiles. Women in the highest tertile demonstrated shorter median response latencies on a test of executive function than did women who did not use HT. ConclusionsFrom an array of psychological, medical, and behavioral variables, nine emerged as predictors of HT use. If validated, these features may serve as a means of estimating the phenomenon known as healthy user bias. Moreover, these data suggest that the degree to which a woman fits a model of a healthy user may influence cognitive response to HT.
The organisational culture of an academic library: implications for library strategy

This paper discusses the relationship between strategy and organisational culture in a UK university library which was in the process of developing a more service-led ethos. Culture was defined as'official and informal rules'and these rules were mapped via interviews, participant observation and a substantial questionnaire. The findings suggest that the general philosophy of the library management was not universally shared by staff; the issues that this situation raises are explored. It is concluded that cultural mapping can be an effective means of surfacing the implicit norms and rules which can interfere with strategy implementation. Such analysis can provide a useful input into the process of planning for change
Investigating Consumer Information Search Behavior and Consumer Emotions to Improve Sales Forecasting

Sales forecasting is an essential topic for organizations and accurate forecasts can help to establish competitive advantage. Organizations can integrate a variety of information sources into their forecasting process. In this regard, the information search behavior of potential consumers as well as their emotions about a brand are supposed to improve forecasts. In this study, we combine these two data sources to forecast sales figures of two large automobile manufacturers. We analyze data from Google’s search engine as well as microblogging data from Twitter to perform in-sample and out-of-sample analyses. The results show that the conjunction of these data sources allow superior sales forecasting in contrast to an individual consideration of information search behavior and consumer emotions. Hence, data about consumer information search behavior should be enriched with the emotional state of consumers to support organizational decision making.
Analyzing and Modeling Longitudinal Security Data: Promise and Pitfalls

Many cybersecurity problems occur on a worldwide scale, but we lack rigorous methods for determining how best to intervene and mitigate damage globally, both short- and long-term. Analysis of longitudinal security data can provide insight into the effectiveness and differential impacts of security interventions on a global level. In this paper we consider the example of spam, studying a large high-resolution data set of messages sent from 260 ISPs in 60 countries over the course of a decade. The statistical analysis is designed to avoid common pitfalls that could lead to erroneous conclusions. We show how factors such as geography, national economics, Internet connectivity and traffic flow impact can affect local spam concentrations. Additionally, we present a statistical model to study temporal transitions in the dataset, and we use a simple extension of the model to investigate the effect of historical botnet takedowns on spam levels. We find that in aggregate most historical takedowns are beneficial in the short-term, but few have long-term impact. Further, even when takedowns are effective globally, they can be detrimental in specific geographic regions or countries. The analysis and modeling described here are based on a single data set. However, the techniques are general and could be adapted to other data sets to help improve decision making about when and how to deploy security interventions.
*The Importance of Emotions for the Effectiveness of Social Punishment

This article experimentally explores how the enforcement of cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma is facilitated through institutional as well as emotional mechanisms. Recent studies emphasise the importance of anger and its role in motivating individuals to punish free riders. However, we find that anger also triggers retaliatory behaviour by the punished individuals. This makes the enforcement of a cooperative norm more costly. We show that in addition to anger, 'social' emotions like guilt need to be present for punishment to be an effective deterrent of uncooperative actions. They play a key role by subduing the desire of punished individuals to retaliate and by motivating them to behave more cooperatively in the future. Copyright © The Author(s). Journal compilation © Royal Economic Society 2009.
Long-term arsenic exposure and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a cohort study in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan.

Diabetes prevalence in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan has been reported to be significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of this cohort study was to further evaluate the association between ingested inorganic arsenic and the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in these villages. A total of 446 nondiabetic residents in these villages were followed biannually by oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes is defined as a fasting plasma glucose level > or = 7.8 mmol/L and/or a 2-hr post-load glucose level > or = 11.1 mmol/L. During the follow-up period of 1499.5 person-years, 41 cases developed diabetes, showing an overall incidence of 27.4/1,000 person-years. The incidence of diabetes correlated with age, body mass index, and cumulative arsenic exposure. The multivariate-adjusted relative risks were 1.6, 2.3, and 2.1 for age > or = 55 versus < 55 years, a body mass index ¿Greater/Equal to] 25 versus < 25 kg/m(2), and a cumulative arsenic exposure > or = 17 versus < 17 mg/L-years, respectively. The incidence density ratios (95% confidence intervals) between the hyperendemic villages and the two nonendemic control townships were 3.6 (3.5-3.6), 2.3 (1.1-4.9), 4.3 (2.4-7.7), and 5.5 (2.2-13.5), respectively, for the age groups of 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years. The findings are consistent with our previous cross-sectional observation that ingested inorganic arsenic is diabetogenic in human beings.
Choroidal area assessment in various fundus sectors of patients at different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

Abstract To compare the choroidal area in different eye fundus sectors of subjects with normal eyes, early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes, and 10° tubular visual field POAG eyes using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Twenty-five normal, 25 early-stage POAG, and 25 ten-degree tubular visual field POAG eyes were recruited. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography was used to measure the choroidal area in different fundus sectors (fovea; 10° superior, inferior, temporal, and 24° superior, inferior, temporal, nasal to the fovea) and the peripapillary sector. There were neither significant differences in the choroidal area at any of the 8 measured fundus sectors, nor significant differences in the percentage change between the choroidal area of the fovea and other 7 measured fundus sectors among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). For the total peripapillary choroidal area, no significant difference was found among the 3 groups (P > 0.05); however, the temporal peripapillary choroidal area of 10° tubular visual field POAG eyes was significantly thicker than that of normal eyes (4,46,213 ± 1,16,267 vs 3,74,164 ± 1,21,658 &mgr;m2; P = 0.048). Our study showed that there was no significant difference in the choroidal area of the 8 measured fundus sectors among normal, early-stage POAG, and 10° tubular visual field POAG eyes, suggesting that there might be no blood redistribution from the peripheral choroid to the subfoveal choroid. However, the thicker temporal peripapillary choroidal area might play a role in the central visual acuity protection in patients with POAG.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Improve Skin Permeation and Chemical Stability of Idebenone

Idebenone (IDB) is a synthetic antioxidant and analog of coenzyme Q10. The percutaneous permeation of IDB was investigated in guinea pig skin after application of different formulations. The enhancing effects of various formulations [nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsion (NE), or oil solution] on the permeation of IDB were evaluated using ex vivo guinea pig skins. Furthermore, stability of different formulations and in which chemical stability of IDB was determined during storage. Permeation experiments revealed that formulations varied in their ability to enhance the skin permeation of IDB. For NLC formulation, the cumulative amount of IDB in the epidermis, dermis, and acceptor medium of diffusion cells was approximately threefold more than NE or oil solution at the end of 24-h experiment. No significant difference between NE and oil solution was observed in the enhancement of penetration efficacy of IDB. Different formulations resulted in stability with different properties. NLC formulation revealed preferentially more stable than NE. The residual percentage of IDB loaded in NLCs, NE, and oil solution was 90.1%, 65.4%, and 51.3%, respectively, when stored at 40°C under 75% RH and 3,000 lx light conditions for 180 days. The results obtained here demonstrated that the abilities of NLCs to improve the chemical stability of IDB and enhance the skin permeation are much better than NE and oil solution. These suggest that NLCs containing IDB have significant potential use for skin care as an alternative topical formulation.
Rosiglitazone Prevents High Glucose-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Collagen IV Expression in Cultured Mesangial Cells

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, negatively modulates high glucose effects. We postulated that rosiglitazone (RSG), an activator of PPARγ prevents the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen IV by mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. Primary cultured rat mesangial cells were growth-arrested in 5.6 mM (NG) or 25 mM D-glucose (HG) for up to 48 hours. In HG, PPARγ mRNA and protein were reduced within 3 h, and enhanced ROS generation, expression of p22phox, VEGF and collagen IV, and PKC-ζ membrane association were prevented by RSG. In NG, inhibition of PPARγ caused ROS generation and VEGF expression that were unchanged by RSG. Reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in HG was unchanged with RSG, and VEGF expression was unaffected by AMPK inhibition. Hence, PPARγ is a negative modulator of HG-induced signaling that acts through PKC-ζ but not AMPK and regulates VEGF and collagen IV expression by mesangial cells.
Restrictive vs. non-restrictive composition: a magnetoencephalography study

Recent research on the brain mechanisms underlying language processing has implicated the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) as a central region for the composition of simple phrases. Because these studies typically present their critical stimuli without contextual information, the sensitivity of LATL responses to contextual factors is unknown. In this magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we employed a simple question-answer paradigm to manipulate whether a prenominal adjective or determiner is interpreted restrictively, i.e., as limiting the set of entities under discussion. Our results show that the LATL is sensitive to restriction, with restrictive composition eliciting higher responses than non-restrictive composition. However, this effect was only observed when the restricting element was a determiner, adjectival stimuli showing the opposite pattern, which we hypothesise to be driven by the special pragmatic properties of non-restrictive adjectives. Overall, our results demonstrate a robust sensitivity of the LATL to high level contextual and potentially also pragmatic factors.
Approaches to learning of first-year and fifth-year student teachers: are there any differences?

Abstract The motivation, skills and professional identity of future teachers develop during their initial teacher education. The aim of this research is to assess the differences between first-year and fifth-year student teachers on a number of personality and motivational variables that are indicative of their approaches to learning, using a cross-sectional design. The participants were 217 first-year and 109 fifth-year student teachers from three Croatian universities. The questionnaire measured personality dispositions, self-descriptions, achievement goals, motivation, learning strategies and perceived autonomy support in learning. The results showed that final-year student teachers displayed more conscientiousness and self-efficacy, and less avoidant goal orientations, extrinsic motivation and surface learning compared to first-year student teachers, indicating final-year students’ more adaptive and proactive approach to learning. The observed differences could be a result of maturation processes and/or the effects of teacher studies that support the development of more adaptive patterns of learning and self-beliefs.
The Use of FoxP3 as a Biomarker and Prognostic Factor for Malignant Human Tumors

Only since the early 21st century has it been proven that the immune system can actively defend the body against the development of malignant tumors. Escape from this process, termed immunosurveillance, has been shown to be required for the development of many tumors in both mice and humans, and may be a necessary prerequisite for the establishment of many malignancies. Serendipitously, an evolution in the understanding and characterization of immunosuppressor cells, regulatory T cells, has coincided with the establishment of tumor immunosurveillance. These two fields merged when it was found that the recruitment of regulatory T cells within tumors was a dominant mechanism tumors used to escape immunosurveillance. Regulatory T cells are specifically identified with antibodies which recognize the transcription factor, FoxP3. The presence of FoxP3+ cells within tumors has been shown to predict the prognosis, invasiveness, and metastatic ability of some tumors by modulating the ability of the immune system to target tumor cells. Furthermore, depletion of regulatory T cells from tumors could lead to the rejection of both early- and late-stage tumors by the host immune system. These findings suggest that the widespread use of FoxP3 as a biomarker should be explored for human tumors to enable physicians to make better decisions in oncologic care and to prepare the field for novel therapeutic agents directed at the elimination of regulatory T cells within tumors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(10):1931–4)
Non-thermal X-rays, a high-abundance ridge and fossil bubbles in the core of the Perseus cluster of galaxies

Using a deep Chandra observation of the Perseus cluster of galaxies, we find a high-abundance shell 250 arcsec (93 kpc) from the central nucleus. This ridge lies at the edge of the Perseus radio mini-halo. In addition we identify two Ha filaments pointing towards this shell. We hypothesize that this ridge is the edge of a fossil radio bubble, formed by entrained enriched material lifted from the core of the cluster. There is a temperature jump outside the shell, but the pressure is continuous indicating a cold front. A non-thermal component is mapped over the core of the cluster with a morphology similar to the mini-halo. Its total luminosity is 4.8 × 10 43 erg s -1 , extending in radius to ∼75 kpc. Assuming the non-thermal emission to be the result of inverse Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background and infrared emission from NGC 1275, we map the magnetic field over the core of the cluster.
Remineralizing Effect of Child Formula Dentifrices on Artificial Enamel Caries Using a pH Cycling Model

Objectives: Although fluoridated toothpastes are among the most accessible fluoride sources for caries prevention, their remineralization potential remains questionable. This study sought to compare the effects of 5 different child formula dentifrices on remineralization of artificial primary enamel caries using a pH cycling model. Materials and Methods: Twenty sound primary canine teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce 100μm-deep artificial caries. The teeth were then longitudinally sectioned into 100–150 μm-thick slices and randomly divided into 5 groups and treated as follows: group A. Calcium phosphate toothpaste, group B. Pooneh children’s toothpaste, group C. Biotin toothpaste, group D. Crest children’s toothpaste and group E. Darougar children’s toothpaste. The specimens underwent a pH cycling model for 10 days. The degree of demineralization before and after treatment and its changes were evaluated under a polarized light microscope and a stereomicroscope and data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc test. Results: Stereomicroscopic analysis showed that only group C had a significant difference with other groups (P<0.001) and no significant differences were found between the remaining groups (P>0.05). Polarized light microscopic analysis revealed that in addition to group C, a significant difference was detected between groups A and B (P=0.02) and calcium phosphate toothpaste showed higher efficacy. Conclusion: All the understudy toothpastes had remineralizing effect but calcium phosphate children’s toothpaste had the highest and biotin toothpaste had the lowest efficacy.
Reading Emotions: How people with Autism Spectrum Disorders process emotional language

In his first description of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Kanner emphasized emotional impairments by characterizing children with ASD as indifferent to other people, selfabsorbed, emotionally cold, distanced, and retracted. Thereafter, emotional impairments became regarded as part of the social impairments of ASD, and research mostly focused on understanding how individuals with ASD recognize visual expressions of emotions from faces and body postures. However, it still remains unclear how emotions are processed outside of the visual domain. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by focusing on impairments of emotional language processing in ASD. We systematically searched PubMed for papers published between 1990 and 2013 using standardized search terms. Studies show that people with ASD are able to correctly classify emotional language stimuli as emotionally positive or negative. However, processing of emotional language stimuli in ASD is associated with atypical patterns of attention and memory performance, as well as abnormal physiological and neural activity. Particularly, younger children with ASD have difficulties in acquiring and developing emotional concepts, and avoid using these in discourse. These emotional language impairments were not consistently associated with age, IQ, or level of development of language skills. We discuss how emotional language impairments fit with existing cognitive theories of ASD, such as central coherence, executive dysfunction, and weak Theory of Mind. We conclude that emotional impairments in ASD may be broader than just a mere consequence of social impairments, and should receive more attention in future research. Published as: Lartseva A. , Dijkstra T. , and Buitelaar J. (2014). Emotional language in autism: a systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience.