Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antioxidant Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Oral Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective The present article aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, an antioxidant enzyme, in oral cancer. Method An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Cross Reference, spanning 1998–2023. At the outset, 1,177 articles were initially identified, and 907 studies were excluded due to irrelevance or duplication of the research question. Subsequently, 270 articles underwent screening evaluation, resulting in the selection of 85 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Following this, 68 articles underwent a full-text comprehensive assessment, and ultimately, 39 were chosen for data extraction. The risk of bias in the designated articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Finally, 13 studies were meticulously selected, offering consistent data for the ensuing meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was executed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) version 3 software (Bio Stat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The meta-analysis findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in SOD levels in both erythrocyte samples (P < 0.001) and tissue samples (P < 0.05) among individuals with oral cancer (OSCC) compared to the normal control group. Conversely, the analysis of three studies on salivary samples demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD levels in the oral cancer group compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion This systematic review underscores a statistically significant decline in SOD levels observed across diverse bio-samples in individuals with oral cancer, indicating an excess of oxidative stress (OS). Additional research is needed to delve into the relationship between SOD levels and clinic–pathological prognostic markers within the oral cancer cohort. Such investigations have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of prognostic tools grounded in OS, thereby guiding strategies for treatment planning.
Effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 42 in healthy middle-aged men: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Increasing evidence suggests a relationship between poor sleep and the risk of developing Alzheimer disease. A previous study found an effect of sleep on β-amyloid (Aβ), which is a key protein in Alzheimer disease pathology. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 protein levels in healthy middle-aged men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Alzheimer, Wakefulness, and Amyloid Kinetics (AWAKE) study at the Radboud Alzheimer Center, a randomized clinical trial that took place between June 1, 2012, and October 1, 2012. Participants were cognitively normal middle-aged men (40-60 years of age) with normal sleep (n = 26) recruited from the local population. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to 1 night with unrestricted sleep (n = 13) or 1 night of total sleep deprivation (24 hours of wakefulness) (n = 13). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sleep was monitored using continuous polysomnographic recording from 3 pm until 10 am. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected using an intrathecal catheter at defined times to compare cerebral Aβ42 concentrations between evening and morning. RESULTS A night of unrestricted sleep led to a 6% decrease in Aβ42 levels of 25.3 pg/mL (95% CI [0.94, 49.6], P = .04), whereas sleep deprivation counteracted this decrease. When accounting for the individual trajectories of Aβ42 over time, a difference of 75.8 pg/mL of Aβ42 was shown between the unrestricted sleep and sleep deprivation group (95% CI [3.4, 148.4], P = .04). The individual trajectories of evening and morning Aβ42 concentrations differed between the unrestricted sleep and sleep deprivation groups (P = .04) in contrast to stable Aβ40, tau, and total protein levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Sleep deprivation, or prolonged wakefulness, interferes with a physiological morning decrease in Aβ42. We hypothesize that chronic sleep deprivation increases cerebral Aβ42 levels, which elevates the risk of Alzheimer disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01194713.
A lightweight robotic ankle prosthesis with non-backdrivable cam-based transmission

Below-knee level amputation significantly impacts the ability of an individual to ambulate. Transtibial amputees are typically prescribed energetically passive ankle-foot prostheses that behave as a spring or controlled damper, and therefore cannot fully replace the function of the missing limb. More recently, fully-powered devices have been proposed to more closely match the power generation ability of intact limbs. However, these fully-powered devices are significantly heavier than passive devices, thus increasing the stress on the socket-residual limb interface. An alternative solution consists of using a motorized mechanism to actively reposition the foot during non-weight-bearing phases. By using this approach, the Össur© PROPRIO FOOT® showed promising outcomes such as improved gait energetics at self-selected speed, symmetry, and comfort. However, this device cannot be used by many transtibial amputees due to large build height (180 mm). Moreover, its weight has been shown critical for socket suspension. To address these limitations, we propose a novel non-backdrivable cam-based transmission. Based on this novel transmission, we developed a compact, lightweight ankle foot prosthesis. Bench-top testing and preliminary experiments with an able-bodied subject show that the proposed design can actively reposition the foot in swing as necessary to increase foot clearance, while adapting the ankle position to the ground inclination in stance.
Comparative efficacy of two different dosages of intrathecal magnesium sulphate supplementation in subarachnoid block.

BACKGROUND Spinal anaesthesia is the primary anaesthetic technique for many types of surgeries. Adjuncts to the local anaesthetics (LA) used in spinal anaesthesia can exhibit undesirable side-effects like respiratory depression, urinary retention, pruritis, haemodynamic instability and nausea and vomiting, limiting their use. Magnesium when used in therapeutic doses avoids all of these side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a randomized double blind study on 90 patients, 30 in each group, scheduled for orthopaedic lower limb surgery under subarachnoid block. Group I: received bupivacaine (0.5%), 12.5 mg + 0.5 ml of preservative free 0.9% normal saline, Group II received bupivacaine (0.5%), 12.5 mg + 0.2 ml (50 mg) of preservative free 25 % magnesium sulphate + 0.3 ml of preservative free 0.9% normal saline Group III: received bupivacaine (0.5%) 12.5 mg + 0.3 ml (75 mg) of 25 % magnesium sulphate + 0.2 ml of preservative free 0.9% normal saline for subarachnoid block. The onset and duration of sensory block, the highest dermatomal level of sensory block, motor block, time to complete motor block recovery and duration of spinal anaesthesia were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ANOVA was applied to determine the significance of difference between different groups. If p-value was significant then Turkey's Post Hoc Multicomparison test was applied. Values of p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The time of maximum sensory block, time of onset of motor block, duration of sensory block, duration of motor block and time of analgesia request were prolonged in patients given magnesium 50mg and 75mg along with local anaesthetic intrathecally. CONCLUSION N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, magnesium when administered intrathecally along with local anaesthetics prolongs the duration of spinal analgesia without adverse effects.
Mining Iterative Generators and Representative Rules for Software Specification Discovery

Billions of dollars are spent annually on software-related cost. It is estimated that up to 45 percent of software cost is due to the difficulty in understanding existing systems when performing maintenance tasks (i.e., adding features, removing bugs, etc.). One of the root causes is that software products often come with poor, incomplete, or even without any documented specifications. In an effort to improve program understanding, Lo et al. have proposed iterative pattern mining which outputs patterns that are repeated frequently within a program trace, or across multiple traces, or both. Frequent iterative patterns reflect frequent program behaviors that likely correspond to software specifications. To reduce the number of patterns and improve the efficiency of the algorithm, Lo et al. have also introduced mining closed iterative patterns, i.e., maximal patterns without any superpattern having the same support. In this paper, to technically deepen research on iterative pattern mining, we introduce mining iterative generators, i.e., minimal patterns without any subpattern having the same support. Iterative generators can be paired with closed patterns to produce a set of rules expressing forward, backward, and in-between temporal constraints among events in one general representation. We refer to these rules as representative rules. A comprehensive performance study shows the efficiency of our approach. A case study on traces of an industrial system shows how iterative generators and closed iterative patterns can be merged to form useful rules shedding light on software design.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Phenotyping: An Unmet Educational Need of Healthcare Providers

Background Diagnosing alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) involves two-step laboratory testing, determination of serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) level and phenotyping if A1AT < 100 mg/dL. Whether these guidelines are effectuated in clinical practice is uncertain. To begin to address this issue, we determined whether A1AT phenotyping is performed in patients with serum A1AT 57 - 99 mg/dL at our institution. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients seen at Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center from January 2019 to October 2022 with serum A1AT between 57 and 99 mg/dL. In each case, pertinent demographic, clinical, and pulmonary function tests data were extracted. Data were presented as means and standard deviation (SD) where appropriate. The Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Thirty patients (90% males; 60 ± 18 years) with serum A1ATD < 100 mg/mL were identified. Fourteen were African Americans, four Hispanics, and 12 non-Hispanic Whites. The majority were current or ex-smokers. Fourteen (47%) patients had lung disease, 14 (47%) liver disease and one had concomitant lung and liver diseases. Mean ± SD forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and lung diffusing capacity were 2.57 ± 1.41 L (67±19% predicated) and 18.7 ± 10 mL/min/mm Hg (64±28% predicted), respectively. Only 13 patients (43%) underwent phenotype testing (seven African Americans, five Whites, and one Hispanic). Six patients had MZ phenotype, four MS, and three SZ. One patient died from acute respiratory failure during the study period. Conclusions Phenotyping of patients with serum A1AT 57 - 99 mg/dL at our institution is inadequate. Accordingly, regular continuous medical educational programs on A1AT phenotyping targeting healthcare providers are warranted.
Eurasian jays (Garrulus glandarius) overcome their current desires to anticipate two distinct future needs and plan for them appropriately

Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) have been shown to overcome present satiety to cache food they will desire in the future. Here, we show that another corvid, the Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius), can distinguish between two distinct future desires and plan for each appropriately, despite experiencing a conflicting current motivation. We argue that these data address the criticisms of previous work, and suggest a way in which associative learning processes and future-oriented cognition may combine to allow prospective behaviour.
Sedentary behaviour and diet across the lifespan: an updated systematic review

Background Sedentary behaviour and its association with dietary intake in young people and adults are important topics and were systematically reviewed in 2011. There is a need to update this evidence given the changing nature of sedentary behaviour and continued interest in this field. This review aims to assist researchers in better interpreting the diversity of findings concerning sedentary behaviour and weight status. Objective To provide an update of the associations between sedentary behaviour and dietary intake across the lifespan. Methods Electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Science Direct for publications between January 2010 and October 2013, thus updating a previous review. Included were observational studies assessing an association between at least one sedentary behaviour and at least one aspect of dietary intake in preschool children (<5 years), school-aged children (6–11 years), adolescents (12–18 years) and adults (>18 years). Results 27 papers met inclusion criteria (preschool k=3, school-aged children k=9, adolescents k=15, adults k=3). For all three groups of young people, trends were evident for higher levels of sedentary behaviour, especially TV viewing, to be associated with a less healthful diet, such as less fruit and vegetable and greater consumption of energy-dense snacks and sugar sweetened beverages. Data for the three studies with adults were less conclusive. Conclusions Sedentary behaviour continues to be associated with unhealthy diet in young people in mostly cross-sectional studies. More studies utilising a prospective design are needed to corroborate findings and more studies are needed with adults.
Online and Offline Conversations About Alcohol: Comparing the Effects of Familiar and Unfamiliar Discussion Partners

Although research has demonstrated that interpersonal communication about alcohol influences drinking behaviors, this notion has mainly been examined in offline contexts with familiar conversation partners. The present study investigated how communication mode and familiarity influence conversational valence (i.e., how negatively or positively people talk) and binge drinking norms. During a 2 (offline vs. online communication) × 2 (unfamiliar vs. familiar conversation partner) lab experiment, participants (N = 76) were exposed to an anti–binge drinking campaign, after which they discussed binge drinking and the campaign. Binge drinking norms were measured 1 week before and directly after the discussion. Results revealed that conversations between unfamiliar conversation partners were positive about the campaign, especially in offline settings, subsequently leading to healthier binge drinking norms. We recommend that researchers further investigate the influence of communication mode and familiarity on discussion effects, and we suggest that health promotion attempts might benefit from eliciting conversations about anti–binge drinking campaigns between unfamiliar persons.
A Radar-Based Climatology of Mesoscale Convective Systems in the United States

This research applies an automated mesoscale convective system (MCS) segmentation, classification, and tracking approach to composite radar reflectivity mosaic images that cover the contiguous United States (CONUS) and span a relatively long study period of 22 years (1996–2017). These data afford a novel assessment of the seasonal and interannual variability of MCSs. Additionally, hourly precipitation data from 16 of those years (2002–17) are used to systematically examine rainfall associated with radar-derived MCS events. The attributes and occurrence of MCSs that pass over portions of the CONUS east of the Continental Divide (ECONUS), as well as five author-defined subregions—North Plains, High Plains, Corn Belt, Northeast, and Mid-South—are also examined. The results illustrate two preferred regions for MCS activity in the ECONUS: 1) the Mid-South and Gulf Coast and 2) the Central Plains and Midwest. MCS occurrence and MCS rainfall display a marked seasonal cycle, with most of the regions experiencing these events primarily during the warm season (May–August). Additionally, MCS rainfall was responsible for over 50% of annual and seasonal rainfall for many locations in the ECONUS. Of particular importance, the majority of warm-season rainfall for regions with high agricultural land use (Corn Belt) and important aquifer recharge properties (High Plains) is attributable to MCSs. These results reaffirm that MCSs are a significant aspect of the ECONUS hydroclimate.
Comparative Efficacy of Enrofloxacin and Oxytetracycline by Comparative Efficacy of Enrofloxacin and Oxytetracycline by Different Administration Methods in Broilers after Experimental Different Administration Methods in Broilers after Experimental Infection with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Inf

The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of 2 kinds of antibiotics that are commonly used in the Thai broiler industry and to determine the optimal times of drug administration. One hundred and sixty, 21-day-old broilers were divided into eight groups. Chickens in groups 1, 2 and 3 were challenged with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and received oxytetracycline for the first 3 days after infection via oral, drinking water within 2 h and drinking water throughout the day, respectively. The chickens in groups 4, 5 and 6 were challenged with APEC and received enrofloxacin for the first 3 days after infection via oral, drinking water within 2 h and drinking water throughout the day, respectively. The chickens in group 7 and 8 served as positive and negative control groups. Enrofloxacin treated chickens showed better results in feed conversion ratio, mortality, gross pathology and bacterial isolation than those treated with oxytetracycline ( p <0.05). Infections of chickens with APEC can be treated with the enrofloxacin. Oral administration provided a better protection than drinking water within 2 h and drinking water throughout the day, respectively.
High-Nb hawaiite–mugearite and high-Mg calc-alkaline lavas from northeastern Iran: Oligo-Miocene melts from modified mantle wedge

ABSTRACT Tertiary volcanic rocks in northwestern Firoozeh, Iran (the Meshkan triangular structural unit), constitute vast outcrops (up to 250 km2) of high-Mg basaltic andesites to dacites that are associated with high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites. Whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar ages show a restricted range of 24.1 ± 0.4–22.9 ± 0.5 Ma for the volcanic rocks. The initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd vary from 0.703800 to 0.704256 and 0.512681 to 0.512877, respectively, in the high-Mg basaltic andesites–dacites. High-Th contents (up to 11 ppm) and Sr/Y values (27–100) and the isotopic composition of the subalkaline high-Mg basaltic andesites–dacites indicate derivation from a mantle modified by slab and sediment partial melts. Evidence such as reverse zoning and resorbed textures and high Ni and Cr contents in the evolved samples indicate that magma mixing with mafic melts and concurrent fractional crystallization lead to the compositional evolution of this series. The high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites, by contrast, have a sodic alkaline affinity and are silica undersaturated; they are also enriched in Nb (up to 47 ppm) and a wide range of incompatible trace elements, including LILE, LREE, and HFSE. Geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the high-Nb hawaiites and mugearites suggest derivation from a mantle source affected by lower degrees of slab melts. Post-orogenic slab break-off is suggested to have prompted the asthenospheric upwelling that triggered partial melting in mantle metasomatized by slab-derived melts.
Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background and Purpose: Promoting self-efficacy levels in hemodialysis patients is an effective method for improving their self-care and rehabilitation. Therefore, a better understanding of the factors that affect self-efficacy can help nurses to find an appropriate method to promote self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the correlation between self-efficacy and knowledge among patients on hemodialysis in Yazd, Iran, in 2016
From Words to Behaviour via Semantic Networks

The contents and structure of semantic networks have been the focus of much recent research, with major advances in the development of distributional models. In parallel, connectionist modeling has extended our knowledge of the processes engaged in semantic activation. However, these two lines of investigation have rarely brought together. Here, starting from a standard textual model of semantics, we allow activation to spread throughout its associated semantic network, as dictated by the patterns of semantic similarity between words. We find that the activation profile of the network, measured at various time points, can successfully account for response times in the lexical decision task, as well as for subjective concreteness and imageability ratings.
Continuous Adaptation for Interactive Segmentation Using Teacher-Student Architecture

Interactive segmentation is the task of segmenting objects or regions of interest from images based on user annotations. While most current methods perform effectively on images from the same distribution as the training dataset, they suffer to generalize on unseen domains. To address this issue some approaches incorporate test-time adaptation techniques which, on the other hand, may lead to catastrophic forgetting (i.e. degrading the performance on the previously seen domains) when applied on datasets from various domains sequentially. In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation approach leveraging a teacher-student learning framework to tackle the catastrophic forgetting issue. Continuously updating the student and teacher models based on user clicks results in improved segmentation accuracy on unseen domains, while preserving comparable performance on previous domains. Our approach is evaluated on a sequence of datasets from un-seen domains (i.e. medical, aerial images, etc.), and, after
EQ-5D in Patients With Dementia An Investigation of Inter-Rater Agreement

Background.There are difficulties in obtaining health-related quality of life (HRQL) data from patients with dementia due to variation in their cognitive ability, degree of insight and capacity to make judgments. The use of proxies is one solution. Objectives.To examine the inter-rater agreement of patient and proxy completion of the EuroQol EQ-5D instrument (EQ-5D). Research Design.The EQ-5D instrument was completed separately by patients, their caregivers and a physician. Assessment of inter-rater agreement involved comparison of self-completed (patient) and proxy-completed (caregiver and physician) responses for each dimension of EQ-5D, using a weighted kappa score. Three key hypotheses were tested. (1) Interrater agreement would be stronger between patient and caregiver than between patient and physician. (2) Interrater agreement would be stronger on the ‘observable’ and objective dimensions of EQ-5D. (3) Interrater agreement between patient and proxies would be stronger for patients with earlier dementia. Subjects.The sample comprised 64 patients with a range of dementia severity. Measures.The EQ-5D health state classification system and visual analogue scale were used to assess HRQL. Global severity of dementia was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Results.The principal finding of this study was that responses to EQ-5D questions were highly variable across the three raters such that none of the three hypotheses were strongly supported. Conclusions.The data provide some support for the use of EQ-5D when interviewer administered. However, there are serious concerns regarding the validity of patient self-rated HRQL data obtained in this study and uncertainty exists regarding who the appropriate proxy should be, as different groups of proxies provide different results. It was not clear whether caregivers or physicians represent better proxies. Further research should focus on the comparison of caregivers and physicians as proxies.