Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacological and Psychological Treatment of Personality Disorders—From Neurobiology to Treatment Strategies

Abstract A dimensional approach to die study of personality disorders proposes that abnormalities in cognitive control, affective instability, impulsivity/aggression and anxiety, are biologically mediated and range from Axis I disorders to more chronic, milder disturbances of personality. This approach provides a framework for investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of personality disorders and possible therapeutic interventions. The interplay between biological temperament and environmental adversity contribute to personality dysfunction and this idea is reflected in treatment approaches such as dialectical behavioral therapy. The current neurobiology and specific treatments, both pharmacological and psychosocial, are reviewed. Connections between the biological underpinnings and treatment strategies are presented. Despite the numerous limitations in the treatment literature, therapeutic improvement is possible for individuals with personality disorders.
Transcription-dependent redistribution of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II to discrete nuclear domains

A subpopulation of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II LS) is located in 20-50 discrete subnuclear domains that are closely linked to speckle domains, which store splicing proteins. The speckle- associated fraction of Pol II LS is hyperphosphorylated on the COOH- terminal domain (CTD), and it is highly resistant to extraction by detergents. A diffuse nucleoplasmic fraction of Pol II LS is relatively hypophosphorylated on the CTD, and it is easily extracted by detergents. In transcriptionally active nuclei, speckle bound hyperphosphorylated Pol II LS molecules are distributed in irregularly shaped speckle domains, which appear to be interconnected via a reticular network. When transcription is inhibited, hyperphosphorylated Pol II LS and splicing protein SC35 accumulate in speckle domains, which are transformed into enlarged, dot-like structures lacking interconnections. When cells are released from transcriptional inhibition, Pol IIO and SC35 redistribute back to the interconnected speckle pattern of transcriptionally active cells. The redistribution of Pol II and SC35 is synchronous, reversible, and temperature dependent. It is concluded that: (a) hyperphosphorylation of Pol II LS's CTD is a better indicator of its tight association to discrete subnuclear domains than its transcriptional activity; (b) during states of transcriptional inhibition, hyperphosphorylated Pol II LS can be stored in enlarged speckle domains, which under the light microscope appear to coincide with the storage sites for splicing proteins; and (c) Pol II and splicing proteins redistribute simultaneously according to the overall transcriptional activity of the nucleus.
Identification of gene network motifs for cancer disease diagnosis

All networks, including biological networks, computer networks, social networks and more can be represented as graphs, which include a number of small module such as subgraph, also called as network motifs. Network motifs are subgraph which recur themselves in a specific network or different networks. In biological networks, these network motifs plays very important role to identify diseases in human beings. In this paper we have developed a module to identify common network motifs types from cancer pathways and Signal Transduction Networks (STNs). It also identifies the topological behaviors o f cancer networks and STNs. In this study, we have implemented five motif algorithms such as Auto-Regulation Loop (ARL), Feed Backward Loop (FBL), Feed Forward Loop (FFL), Single-Input Motif (SIM) and Bi-fan. These algorithms gives correct results in terms of network motifs for human cancer and STNs. Finding network motifs by using online tool is limited to three nodes, but our proposed work provides facility to find network motifs upto any number of nodes. We applied five motif algorithms to human cancer networks and Signal Transduction Networks (STNs) which are collected from KEGG database as a result we got “Frequent Occurrences of Network Motifs (FONMs)”. These FONMs acts as a references for an oncologist in order to find type o f cancer in human beings.
Alphavirus RNA replicase is located on the cytoplasmic surface of endosomes and lysosomes

Using morphological and cell biological techniques, we have shown that the RNA replicase of Semliki Forest and Sindbis virus (two closely related alphaviruses) is located in complex ribonucleoprotein structures associated with the cytoplasmic surface of modified secondary lysosomes and endosomes. These nucleoprotein complexes often form a bridge between the membrane of the endocytic vacuole and the rough endoplasmic reticulum where the synthesis of the structural proteins of these viruses occurs. The results suggest that these cytopathic vacuoles constitute sites not only for viral RNA synthesis, but also for translation of structural proteins, and for the assembly of nucleocapsids.
‘A place to rest’: the role of transitional housing in ending homelessness for women in Calgary, Canada

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the role of transitional housing in ending homelessness for women and (2) to explore how gender-specific experiences of homelessness may inform housing service delivery models. Using a participatory research methodology, photovoice, and focus group discussion, nine women with lived experience of homelessness were engaged over 10 weeks in a process of reflection and critical dialogue about their previous experiences in a YWCA transitional housing facility and their current YWCA permanent housing in Calgary, Canada. Through this process women revealed that the key aspects of transitional housing that helped them exit homelessness were the interplay of four important factors: safety, time, a community of women with similar experiences, and a supportive environment with access to appropriate services in which to recover from trauma. Although moving directly from homelessness to permanent housing may be appropriate for some women, findings from this study demonstrate that this may not be the case for all. Our results suggest that once permanently housed women, especially those with histories of trauma, struggle with the trade-off between the rules that kept them safe in transitional housing and living as independent, autonomous adults in the community.
Positive Marital Quality, Acculturative Stress, and Child Outcomes Among Mexican Americans

Previous research suggests that the quality of parents' relationships can influence their children's adjustment, but most studies have focused on the negative effects of marital conflict for children in White middle-class families. The current study focuses on the potential benefits of positive marital quality for children in working-class first generation Mexican American families using observational and self-report data. This study examined the links between positive marital quality and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors 1 year later when the child was in sixth grade (N = 134 families). Positive marital quality was negatively correlated with child internalizing behaviors. Parent acculturative stress was found to mediate the relationship between positive marital quality and child internalizing behaviors in sixth grade.
A Tangled Web of Terms: The Overlap and Unique Contribution of Involvement, Engagement, and Integration to Understanding College Student Success

Established theories and constructs long associated with student success, including involvement, engagement, and integration, provide common language and a body of knowledge to inform understanding of the challenges currently facing higher education. This paper examines how the theories and terms have evolved, explores how the terms are currently used, and considers their legacy for understanding contemporary concerns about student development and success.
Lopsided Growth of Earth's Inner Core

Clearing Up the Inner Core The behavior of Earth's core controls the planet's heat budget and magnetic field, yet its structure remains enigmatic. For instance, the seismic properties of the solid inner core suggest hemispherical structural asymmetry, but questions remain as to how these variations arose (see the Perspective by Buffett). Monnereau et al. (p. 1014, published online 15 April) modeled grain sizes of crystalline iron—the predicted dominant mineral phase in the core—and found that a slow translational motion eastward may trigger melting in the Eastern Hemisphere and solidification in the Western Hemisphere, creating a lopsided core. Deuss et al. (p. 1018, published online 15 April) examined the normal-mode seismic structure of the inner core, collected from 90 large earthquakes, which reveal not just simple hemispherical variations, but more nuanced regional structures. The overlap of the seismic data with Earth's magnetic field suggests that directionally dependent crystal alignment in the inner core formed during the solidification of the core or as a consequence of strong forces exerted by magnetism. The asymmetry of the inner core is explained by iron crystallization on one side and melting on the other. Hemispherical asymmetry is a prominent feature of Earth’s inner core, but how this asymmetry relates to core growth is unknown. Based on multiple-scattering modeling of seismic velocity and attenuation measurements sampling the whole uppermost inner core, we propose that the growth of the solid core implies an eastward drift of the material, driven by crystallization in the Western Hemisphere and melting in the Eastern Hemisphere. This self-sustained translational motion generates an asymmetric distribution of sizes of iron crystals, which grow during their translation. The invoked dynamical process is still active today, which supports the idea of a young inner core.
Commentary on: “Functional Neuroimaging—Can It Contribute to Our Understanding of Processes of Change?”

Beutel & Huber’s article focuses on very important aspects of research into processes of change from a psychoanalytic point of view. We agree with the authors’ statement that understanding the methodological procedures of functional neuroimaging and its limitations is the first step in considering psychoanalytic principles in the field of neuroscience. A list of possible neuroimaging paradigms important for studying mental processes and specific symptoms is given. It is underlined that experimental stimuli need to have a strong emotional valance (e.g., videos instead of pictures to provoke changes in mental states). In the context of establishing psychoanalytically relevant aspects in functional neuroimaging, it is necessary to use paradigms that are able to address symbolic meanings and to elucidate unconscious conflicts (e.g., by verbalization or emotional-behavioral expression). The overview of studies on symptom-related changes in the brain following therapy (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) shows functional changes in a broad range of psychiatric disorders (OCD, depression, anxiety disorders). However, it is still questionable whether specific functional brain changes investigated by modern functional imaging methods are able to deepen our understanding of complex interpersonal psychoanalytic processes. Paradigms that can adequately study psychodynamically relevant dimensions of symptom changes still have to be developed. Another critical point in the studies carried out to date is the direct comparison between drug treatment and psychotherapy. It must be assumed that intrapsychic conflicts are just as important as biological factors in the development of symptoms in both study groups. Paradigms focusing on these intrapsychic conflicts may not demonstrate differences between psychopharmacologically and psychotherapeutically treated patients. Improvement of symptoms related to drug treatment should not be confused with therapy-related changes in psychodynamic dimensions. Recent studies cited by the authors may reflect certain aspects of functional changes related to psychotherapy, but they should not be considered as neuropsychoanalytic studies in a strict sense. In particular, Viinamäki, Kuikka, and Tiihonen’s study (1998) underlines the problems involved in interpreting results: In our view, the study design does not allow for the normalization of serotonin uptake after psychodynamic psychotherapy to be explained as a direct effect of psychotherapy. We agree, however, that single-case studies of this kind may provide tentative evidence that may be useful for generating hypotheses.
School self-evaluation and student achievement

In the last 2 decades, educational systems have developed accountability policies in which schools maintain autonomy for their pedagogical, instructional, and organizational practices (internal control). At the same time, they are held accountable to public authorities (external control) for the quality of their education. It is not clear whether these contrasting types of accountability policies contribute to the improvement of schools' educational quality. In this study, the general research question is whether there is a relationship between school self-evaluation (SSE) and student achievement. Using a database of 81 primary schools and 2,099 students, an analysis of variance and a multilevel analysis show which factors characterize the type of SSE that contributes to students' cognitive achievement. Some SSE perspectives seem positively related to student achievement.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITY TO STOP A DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF SEAFARERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION-THE CASE OF POLAND

Shipping is, unquestionably, one of the most important determinants of efficient functioning of the contemporary world economy. It is the basis of maritime economy, the significance of which increases with the development of technology. New methods of exploring maritime resources and new opportunities of their use have caused that the European Union, inter alia, in the maritime economy has discovered possibilities to realise the Europe 2020 strategy. It has been confirmed by numerous initiatives on the levels of: union, macro region (i.e. Baltic Sea Region etc.), national. It turned out that the greatest weakness and threat in the achievement of the defined objectives is a decreasing number of European seafarers (especially officers). In this article the roots and the dimensions of that issue were described. The desk-research method as well as the pools method were used to find out the reasons which governed students’ choice study at Gdynia Maritime University. The results of investigation constituted the basis to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions aiming to increase interest in work at sea.
Consequences of dropping out of school: Findings from high school and beyond.

Abstract The dropout problem has recently been the focus of considerable concern and the subject of much research. Nevertheless, the lack of a careful and systematic assessment of the consequences of dropping out still exists. The purpose of the present study was to examine the personal, social, and economic consequences of dropping out of school. The High School and Beyond (HS&B) data base was used to investigate the experiences of dropouts and high school graduates in 1986, 4 years after the projected date of graduation. Specifically, dropouts and graduates with no postsecondary education were compared on (a) self-esteem, (b) alcohol use, (c) political/social participation measures, (d) work satisfaction, (e) salary of current job, (f) periods of unemployment, and (g) number of jobs. Multiple-regression analyses were used to determine the degree to which dropping out explained variance in those measures when race, urbanicity, geographic region, socioeconomic status, and academic achievement were held co.
Knowledge, Policy-Oriented Learning, and Policy Change

There has been a great deal of research in recent years concerning the use of substantive policy analysis in public policymaking. This article seeks to integrate those findings—e.g., the “enlightenment function” of policy research—into a more general model of policymaking over periods of a decade or more. The conceptual framework focuses on the belief systems of advocacy coalitions within policy subsystems as the critical vehicle for understanding the role of policy analysis in policy-oriented learning and the effect, in turn, of such learning on changes in governmental programs.
Boosting convergence of timing closure using feature selection in a Learning-driven approach

Machine Learning approaches for automated selection of FPGA CAD tool parameters have been demonstrated to be useful for timing closure of FPGA designs [3], [4]. This is achieved by running the CAD tool multiple times with small variations in the the CAD parameter values. The timing slack from each run is recorded into a database along with all input parameter selections to help train a classifier. By progressively running more instances of the tool, we can help drive the CAD tool towards timing convergence. However, a naïve approach that uses simplistic off-the-shelf learning libraries and uses all features (CAD parameters) is inappropriate. This can often miss opportunities inherent in specific design properties and nuances of the FPGA device family and tool versions while possibly overfitting the models and trapping the system into a local minima. In this paper, we show how to combine design-specific feature selection with a set of classification approaches that are configured to improve model quality and reduce the number of iterations required to deliver timing closure. We show how to systematically tailor the correct subset of features for each design to deliver robust results. Using design-specific feature selection, we prune the set of CAD parameters used for constructing the classifier model down from ≈80 to ≈8-22 features. We show improved AUC scores (Area under ROC curve) as high as 0.83 which represents an improvement over the baseline InTime scores of 0.74 earlier. We use a set of large industrial designs to show these results and lower the number of CAD iterations required for convergence by 3× (mean) using our proposed approach.
Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems :

We prove large deviation principles for ergodic averages of dynamical systems admitting Markov tower extensions with exponential return times. Our main technical result from which a number of limit theorems are derived is the analyticity of logarithmic moment generating functions. Among the classes of dynamical systems to which our results apply are piecewise hyperbolic diffeomorphisms, dispersing billiards including Lorentz gases, and strange attractors of rank one including Hénon-type attractors.
Innovation in Education and Criminal Justice: Measuring Fidelity of Implementation and Program Effectiveness

The arena of social program implementation has been divided over the issue of whether new programs should be disseminated and implemented with fidelity (i.e., with close correspondence to the original validated model) or implemented according to the idiosyncratic needs, values, and resources of the local adopting organization. To empirically examine this issue, seven innovative programs were examined. Each of the four educational and three criminal justice programs had been carefully evaluated and widely disseminated. Fidelity and effectiveness criteria were developed for each program. A multimethod data collection strategy included lengthy phone interviews, on-site interviews, and archival analysis of program adopters. The results indicated that well-operationalized programs are usually adopted and implemented with a degree of fidelity acceptable to program developers. Furthermore, this fidelity is positively correlated with the effectiveness of the adopted program. Implications for educational policy and construct measurement are discussed.
Empirical evidence for musical syntax processing? Computer simulations reveal the contribution of auditory short-term memory

During the last decade, it has been argued that (1) music processing involves syntactic representations similar to those observed in language, and (2) that music and language share similar syntactic-like processes and neural resources. This claim is important for understanding the origin of music and language abilities and, furthermore, it has clinical implications. The Western musical system, however, is rooted in psychoacoustic properties of sound, and this is not the case for linguistic syntax. Accordingly, musical syntax processing could be parsimoniously understood as an emergent property of auditory memory rather than a property of abstract processing similar to linguistic processing. To support this view, we simulated numerous empirical studies that investigated the processing of harmonic structures, using a model based on the accumulation of sensory information in auditory memory. The simulations revealed that most of the musical syntax manipulations used with behavioral and neurophysiological methods as well as with developmental and cross-cultural approaches can be accounted for by the auditory memory model. This led us to question whether current research on musical syntax can really be compared with linguistic processing. Our simulation also raises methodological and theoretical challenges to study musical syntax while disentangling the confounded low-level sensory influences. In order to investigate syntactic abilities in music comparable to language, research should preferentially use musical material with structures that circumvent the tonal effect exerted by psychoacoustic properties of sounds.
Comparison of peripapillary vessel density between preperimetric and perimetric glaucoma evaluated by OCT-angiography

Purpose To determine peripapillary vessel density in eyes with perimetric glaucoma (PG) or preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) compared to normal controls using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A). Methods We recruited 13 patients with unilateral perimetric normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and fellow preperimetric NTG showing only inferotemporal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect in red-free RNFL photography in both eyes. We also enrolled 9 healthy controls. Using OCT-A, radial peripapillary capillary densities at inferotemporal and superotemporal regions were evaluated. Paired comparison of peripapillary vessel density was performed for PG eye, PPG eye, and normal eye. Results A total of 26 eyes of the 13 patients with unilateral PG and fellow PPG eyes and 18 eyes of 9 normal controls were analyzed. Vessel densities at the whole peripapillary region and inferotemporal region in PG eyes were significantly lower than those in PPG eyes (P = 0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Comparison between PPG and normal eyes showed no significant difference in the whole peripapillary region or the inferotemporal region (P = 0.654, P = 0.174, respectively). There was no significant (P = 0.288) difference in vessel density at superotemporal region among the three types of eyes (PG eye, PPG eye, and normal eye). Conclusion PPG eyes and normal eyes were found to have the similar densities of peripapillary microvasculature at the area with nerve fiber layer defect, whereas in PG eye, there was a significant decrease in vessel density at the area of RNFL thinning. This provides evidence that microvascular compromise in the retina might be a secondary change to nerve fiber layer degeneration in the pathogenesis of NTG.