Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Follow-Up Study on Return to Work in the Year After Reporting an Occupational Injury Stratified by Outcome of the Workers’ Compensation System

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare return rates to work between different groups according to the decision from the workers’ compensation. Method: Register data on disability benefits were used to describe return rates to work in Kaplan–Meier curves and association with decision on compensation claims. Disability benefits were granted by the municipalities independently of any compensation claim if sick-listed. Results: Claimants with ongoing claims were the group with the largest proportion remaining on disability benefits. Claimants with rejected claims returned to work at the same rate (occupational disease) or slower (industrial accident) than claimants with recognized claim without compensation the subsequent year and at a faster rate after decision. Conclusion: Compensation claims and proceedings of the workers’ compensation system probably increase time to return to work; other factors such as health and social difficulties, however, may explain some of these differences.
Effects of Simultaneous Prompting and Instructive Feedback

This study evaluated the use of simultaneous prompting with instructive feedback. Children were taught to receptively identify rebus symbols. Information regarding the classification of the symbols was provided as instructive feedback during praise statements. Five 3-year-old children with disabilities participated, and a multiple probe design across sets of behaviors was used to evaluate the simultaneous prompting strategy and instructive feedback. The results indicate that (a) the simultaneous prompting strategy was used reliably, (b) all children learned to identify all symbols that were taught, (c) children acquired second and third sets of stimuli more rapidly than they did the first set, (d) some of the children acquired the classification information presented through instructive feedback, and (e) generalization across stimulus size occurred for all the children (three) for whom it was assessed. Issues for further research with simultaneous prompting and instructive feedback are presented.
Longitudinal neurologic follow-up in neonatal intensive care unit survivors with various neonatal morbidities.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine neurocognitive and school performance outcomes of low birth weight infants with reference to neonatal morbidity and socioeconomic status. We further evaluated the cognition and school performance based on their neurologic status at the time of assessment. METHODS One hundred eighty-eight children (39 healthy full-term and 149 preterm infants) were classified into 4 subgroups based on their neonatal medical status: healthy, sick (without neurologic complications), small for gestational age, and neurologically compromised infants. Neurologic status was classified as normal, suspect, or abnormal at hospital discharge, 18 months, 30 months, 4 years, and 8 years of age. Socioeconomic status, cognitive, and school performances were assessed. RESULTS Neurologically, both full-term and healthy preterm groups did well during the 8-year period. There were significant fluctuations between suspect and abnormal neurologic classifications among the 3 preterm groups with neonatal complications. Preterms with neurologic abnormality during the neonatal period did the poorest with 45% of the group remaining abnormal at 8 years of age. Children who were neurologically normal had higher cognitive scores at ages 4 and 8 than those categorized as suspect or abnormal. Preterm infants with neurologic abnormality required significantly more academic resources in the school. Reading and math achievement scores were the lowest for the preterm groups classified as neurologically suspect or abnormal. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal morbidities exert a significant impact in neurologic outcomes among preterm children during the 8 years of assessment. Compromised neurologic status adversely affects cognitive and school performances. Neonatal medical status is an important variable indicating neurocognitive and school performance outcomes in low birth weight infants.
Facilitation of presynaptic calcium currents in the rat brainstem

1 To study use‐dependent changes in the presynaptic Ca2+ influx and their contribution to transmitter release, we made simultaneous voltage clamp recordings from presynaptic terminals (the calyces of Held) and postsynaptic cells (the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body) in slices of the rat auditory brainstem. 2 Following a short (2 ms) prepulse to 0 mV, calcium channels opened faster during steps to negative test potentials. During trains of action potential waveforms the Ca2+ influx per action potential increased. At the same time, however, the amplitude of the EPSCs decreased. 3 The facilitation of the calcium currents appeared to depend on a build‐up of intracellular Ca2+, since its magnitude was proportional to the Ca2+ influx and it was reduced in the presence of 10 mm BAPTA. 4 Facilitation of the presynaptic calcium currents may contribute to short‐term facilitation of transmitter release, observed when quantal output is low. Alternatively, it may counteract processes that contribute to synaptic depression.
A study of carotid intima-media thickness in GH-deficient Japanese adults during onset among adults and children.

OBJECTIVES Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) has been reported among Caucasian adult GH-deficient (AGHD) patients, but not Japanese. Also, it is known that the clinical and biochemical characteristics of AGHD patients are somewhat different based on the onset of the disease in either childhood or adult life. Nevertheless, there has been no study comparing the magnitude of the deviation of their IMT from normal subjects between child-onset (CO) and adult-onset (AO) patients in terms of Z score. The aim of this study, therefore, was first to examine whether Japanese AGHD patients have a risk of early development of atherosclerosis similar to Caucasian patients and secondly to assess the difference in the onset and in progression of atherosclerosis. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Thirty-four patients (17 CO-AGHD, age 29+/-7 Years, body mass index (BMI) 24+/-3.8 kg/m(2) and 17 AO-AGHD, age 48+/-12 Years, BMI 23+/-3.6 kg/m(2)) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (17 CO controls and 17 AO controls) were enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were taken for measurements of lipids, lipoproteins and IGF-I. Subsequently, patients underwent IMT assessment. RESULTS CO patients were significantly younger than AO patients. The duration of GH-deficiency in CO patients was significantly longer than that in AO patients. Serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly higher in CO patients than in CO controls (P<0.05). Serum total cholesterol and TG were significantly higher in AO patients than in AO controls (P<0.01). The IMT was significantly greater in CO and AO patients (0.82+/-0.08 and 0.79+/-0.03 mm) than in CO and AO controls (0.59+/-0.02 and 0.68+/-0.03 mm, P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively). There was no significant difference in raw values of IMT between CO and AO patients. However, the Z score of IMT calculated using normal Japanese IMT values was significantly higher in CO than in AO patients (2.07+/-0.68 vs 0.35+/-0.48, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GH deficiency appears to increase an atherosclerotic risk in Japanese AGHD patients, as with Caucasians, and to cause more extensive IMT thickening in CO-AGHD than AO-AGHD patients.
Further evidence of benefits of a (non-randomised) breast cancer screening programme: the DOM project.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to demonstrate the benefits of breast cancer screening on mortality. DESIGN--The study was an evaluation of a breast cancer screening programme by means of different approaches: (1) a case-control study, breast cancer deaths being the cases; (2) comparing the numbers of breast cancer deaths in screened and unscreened women; (3) comparing breast cancer mortality before and after start of the programme; (4) comparing breast cancer mortality in different large cities; (5) comparing screening activity with mortality reduction. SETTING--The setting was a breast cancer screening programme in the city of Utrecht, the DOM project, for women aged 50-64 years old at intake, birth cohort 1911-1925. The programme started in 1974, and there were five screening rounds up to 1984. Participation rate in the first round was 72% (14,697 women). MAIN RESULTS--(1) Screening was protective against dying from breast cancer, odds ratio 0.52, with a stronger effect in older women and no evidence of confounding; (2) risk ratio of dying from breast cancer for women in the response group was the same as the odds ratio, 0.52; (3) breast cancer death rate after the start of the project was nearly 20% lower than before the project started; after correcting for women who could not have benefited from screening the reduction was 33%; (4) a rise in breast cancer mortality in birth cohort 1911-1925 seen in other large cities without a screening programme due to aging of the cohort was not seen in the city of Utrecht; (5) mortality reduction followed the screening activity with a time lag of approximately 5 years. CONCLUSIONS--Early diagnosis of breast cancer by mammography reduces breast cancer mortality in women 50-64 years old at intake; different approaches to the evaluation of the project give different estimates of the screening effect, making clear that the effect depends on the intensity of the programme.
Mortality salience, political orientation and minimization of terrorists' secondary emotions.

BACKGROUND From the framework of Terror Management Theory, the objective of the present research is to analyze the effect of mortality salience (MS) on the minimization of Muslim terrorists’ secondary emotions (MSE, which can be understood as a particular kind of dehumanization), as a function of political orientation. METHOD An experimental design was used, in which the participants (university students, N= 293) were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group, their political orientation was taken note of, and they were asked to attribute emotions to Muslim terrorists. RESULTS In accordance with the hypotheses, the results indicate that, among those supporting tenets of the political left, MS originates less minimization of secondary emotions of the terrorists (MSE). However, among people who stand on the right, MS inspires greater MSE (that is, a lower attribution of these emotions). CONCLUSIONS These results support the thesis that the effects of MS are not to be found exclusively in conservative people, and that they do not necessarily imply a conservative shift, but constitute a polarization in previous ideological tendencies or cultural worldview.
Cone Signal Contributions to Electrograms in Dichromats and Trichromats

RESULTS. In the present paper, a model is provided that describes the ERG contrast gains and ERG thresholds in dichromats and color normal trichromats. For the X-chromosome-linked dichromats, the contrast gains of only one cone type (either the L or the M cones) sufficed to describe the ERG thresholds for all stimulus conditions. Data suggest that the M-cone contrast gains of protanopes are larger than the L-cone contrast gains of deuteranopes. The response thresholds of the trichromats are modeled by assuming a vector summation of signals originating in the L and the M cones. Their Land M-cone contrast gains are close to a linear interpolation of the data obtained from the dichromats. Nearly all trichromats had larger Lthan M-cone contrast gains. Data from a large population of trichromats were examined to study the individual variations in cone weightings and in the phases of the cone pathway responses.
Retrograde tracing of projections between the nucleus submedius, the ventrolateral orbital cortex, and the midbrain in the rat

The fluorescent tracers fluoro‐gold and 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3,3‐tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate were used as retrograde markers to examine reciprocal connections between the rat nucleus submedius and the ventrolateral orbital cortex. In addition, midbrain projections to each of these regions were examined. In the prefrontal cortex, we found that input from the nucleus submedius terminates rostrally within the lateral and ventral areas of the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Conversely, the cortical input to the nucleus submedius originates from the medial and dorsal parts of the ventrolateral orbital cortex. Our data also demonstrated that neurons from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the raphe nuclei project to the midline nuclei of the thalamus, including a small projection to the nucleus submedius. We further determined that regions within the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and raphe nuclei project to the ventrolateral orbital cortex, and that these regions overlap with those that project to the nucleus submedius. These findings suggest that the nucleus submedius might be part of a neural circuit involved in the activation of endogenous analgesia. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Critically-Ill Neonates Admitted To Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals

Objective ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. It is considered to be most important cause of infection-related death in intensive care unit. We studied the characteristics and risk factors of VAP in critically-ill neonates. Methods Fifty six consecutive neonates with different diagnosis admitted from January to October 2010 to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Zagazig University Hospitals who needed mechanical ventilation were included in the study. There were 32 neonates, 18 males and 14 females with proven diagnosis of VAP, and 24 neonates, 11 males and 13 females without VAP served as control group. All studied neonates were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, routine investigations (Complete blood count, C-reactive protein, arterial blood gases, blood culture and liver and kidney function tests), and chest X-ray daily as well as non-bronchoscopic alveolar lavage culture for VAP group only. Findings Of 56 neonates who needed mechanical ventilation, 57.1% developed VAP. Prematurity, low birth weight and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for developing VAP. Increased total leucocytic count, CRP and hypoalbuminemia were significantly presented in VAP-group. There were significant differences between VAP and non-VAP groups regarding hypothermia, mucopurulent endotracheal tube secretion, PaCO2 and PaO2. Microorganisms associated with blood stream infection in VAP diagnosed group were Klebsiella (15.6%), S. aureus (12.5%), Pseudomonas (9.4%), E. coli (6.2%), Candida (3.1%); 53.1% of obtained blood cultures were sterile. Of non-bronchoscopic alveolar lavage cultures obtained from VAP patients, 68.6% showed gram negative infection, 21.8% showed gram positive organisms and 9.3% revealed Candida infection. Conclusion The most important risk factors of VAP are prematurity, low birth weight, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, enteral nutrition and umbilical catheterization.
Restrictions of activity in partially sighted football: experiences of grassroots players

This article examines restrictions of activity experienced by partially sighted individuals when accessing football opportunities at the grassroots level. The social relational understanding of disability enables an understanding of the manifestation of socially imposed restrictions of activity and ‘impairment effects’ within this particular sporting context. Although some players experience impairment effects, restrictions of activity are also socially imposed and constitute disability. The organisation of the British Blind Sport Visually Impaired Football League (BBSVIFL) forces players to travel long distances to participate and poor awareness of opportunities presents a further socially imposed restriction of activity. An increasing emphasis on competition over participation in the BBSVIFL and the classification of partially sighted footballers are socially imposed restrictions of activity for players with more severe visual impairment. A change in the format of football in the BBSVIFL from five‐a‐side to Futsal, the format of small‐sided football recognised by Federation Internationale de Football Association and played in all international tournaments, raises further concerns. For players with more severe visual impairment, this change could lead to another socially imposed restriction of activity which has the potential to leave them in ‘no man’s land’ in terms of access to football opportunities.
Constructing a multilevel spatial approach in ethnic entrepreneurship studies

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to review and synthesize an interdisciplinary literature on ethnic entrepreneurship studies from a spatial perspective. The major goal is to develop an analytical framework for understanding how place plays a role in ethnic entrepreneurship processes at different geographic scales.Design/methodology/approach – The article starts with a review of perspectives on ethnic entrepreneurship from multiple disciplines in social sciences, mainly from a non‐spatial approach. It then critically discusses the spatial inquiries on ethnic entrepreneurship, with a focus on identifying the gaps across disciplines. Based on these discussions, a comprehensive, multilevel spatial framework is finally conceptualized. Following that, the concluding remarks highlight future directions and public policy significance by implementing this suggested social‐spatial approach.Findings – As the central social actors, ethnic entrepreneurs weave through multiscaled geographic contexts in the process of.
Mitochondrial Diversity Supports Multiple Origins for Invasive Pigs

Our objective was to identify and evaluate mitochondrial diversity of wild pigs in the United States (U.S.). We obtained tissue samples from 81 individual pigs in 30 U.S. states and amplified a 403 base- pair region of mitochondrial DNA. We then downloaded overlapping sequences (n ¼904) from public repositories to create a global reference. We used parsimony and Bayesian techniques to evaluate phylogenetic relationships, and we used origins of published sequences from Eurasian wild boar to establish a phylogeographic reference. We then compared gene and nucleotide diversity measures for introduced pigs in North America with those of domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar, and feral pigs within broad-scale geographic groupings. We identified 15 haplotypes for introduced pigs, representing wild and domestic animals from>30 countries spanning the indigenous range of S. scrofa. Mitochondrial diversity measures and phylogenetic relationships indicated a strong association between introduced pigs and European domestic breeds, reflecting the known history of human colonization, trade, and settlement in the United States. Based on the geographic distribution ofhaplotypes in North America, we found that range expansion is a product of translocation from historical populations and introduction from new genetic sources. Finally, haplotype network analyses provided evidence of past demographic expansions within lineages, contributing to observed mtDNA variation among introduced pigs in North America. 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Influence of post-event narratives, line-up conditions and individual differences on false identification by young and older eyewitnesses

Purpose. Older individuals have been found to exceed young adults in false recognitions on line-up tasks. To explore factors involved in this deficit, this study compared effects of post-event information and sequential line-up presentation on false identification by young and elderly adults. Methods. Ninety-eight community-dwelling older adults (ages 57-83) and 97 college students (ages 19-33) saw a videotape of a simulated crime, then heard an auditory narrative. Some heard a review of the events of the crime (including some misinformation) and others heard a control narrative that was unrelated to the video. Participants recalled the crime and then saw either a simultaneous or sequential target-absent line-up. The study compared the relationship of the experimental variables and several individual difference measures to false identification rates on the line-up. Results. Sequential line-ups reduced false identification rates for young and elderly adults. Hearing a relevant post-event narrative increased false identifications, but only in the older group. For the elderly, high verbal recall of the perpetrator's characteristics was also associated with higher false identification rates. In addition, it was found that (1) misleading information in the post-event narratives influenced line-up choices, and (2) higher false identification rates were related to perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, memory self-efficacy and low Belief in a Just World. Conclusions. Results suggest that reducing post-crime exposure to crime-relevant information, combined with sequential line-ups, can substantially reduce false identification by older witnesses. They also indicate the need to explore further the influence of post-event information, sequential line-up presentation, availability, and self-confidence upon older eyewitnesses.
Analgesic efficacy of CR4056, a novel imidazoline-2 receptor ligand, in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain

Two decades of investigations have failed to unequivocally clarify the functions and the molecular nature of imidazoline-2 receptors (I2R). However, there is robust pharmacological evidence for the functional modulation of monoamino oxidase (MAO) and other important enzyme activities by I2 site ligands. Some compounds of this class proved to be active experimental tools in preventing both experimental pain and opioid tolerance and dependence. Unfortunately, even though these compounds bind with high potency to central I2 sites, they fail to represent a valid clinical opportunity due to their pharmacokinetic, selectivity or side-effects profile. This paper presents the preclinical profile of a novel I2 ligand (2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline; [CR4056]) that selectively inhibits the activity of human recombinant MAO-A in a concentration-dependent manner. A sub-chronic four day oral treatment of CR4056 increased norepinephrine (NE) tissue levels both in the rat cerebral cortex (63.1% ±4.2%; P < 0.05) and lumbar spinal cord (51.3% ± 6.7%; P < 0.05). In the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) rat model of inflammatory pain, CR4056 was found to be orally active (ED50 = 5.8 mg/kg, by mouth [p.o.]). In the acute capsaicin model, CR4056 completely blocked mechanical hyperalgesia in the injured hind paw (ED50 = 4.1 mg/kg, p.o.; ED100 = 17.9 mg/kg, p.o.). This effect was dose-dependently antagonized by the non-selective imidazoline I2/α2 antagonist idazoxan. In rat models of neuropathic pain, oral administration of CR4056 significantly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. In summary, the present study suggests a novel pharmacological opportunity for inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain treatment based on selective interaction with central imidazoline-2 receptors.
A Bourdieuan Relational Perspective for Entrepreneurship Research

In this paper, we illustrate the possibilities a relational perspective offers for overcoming the dominant dichotomies (e.g., qualitative versus quantitative, agency versus structure) that exist in the study of entrepreneurial phenomena. Relational perspective is an approach to research that allows the exploration of a phenomenon, such as entrepreneurship, as irreducibly interconnected sets of relationships. We demonstrate how ierre ourdieu's concepts may be mobilized to offer an exemplary toolkit for a relational perspective in entrepreneurship research.