Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer and concurrent or sequential lymphoma: Two case reports with hypersensitivity to bevacizumab and a review of the literature

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~80% of all cases of lung cancer, and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The majority of NSCLC cases of are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC is poor with a median survival time of ~12 months in European and American populations. Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) represent a heterogeneous group of expanding lymphoid cells, which occurs as a result of immune dysfunction. LPDs are often associated with primary solid cancers. We report two cases of LPD diagnosed concurrently and successively to NSCLC. The first case presents a 65-year-old female patient with advanced IV stage lung cancer, according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer TNM staging system. The patient developed a concurrent lymphoma and was treated with first-line therapy including six cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin, however, the patient experienced an adverse drug reaction to bevacizumab, which was administered after gemcitabine and prior to cisplatin. The second case presented a 74-year-old male patient diagnosed with large B cell lymphoma. The patient acheived remission of the illness, however, after one year the patient was diagnosed with squamous cell lung cancer. After three years, the patient underwent surgery, however disease recurrence was identified. Subsequently, the patient was treated with sterotactic radiotherapy and oral chemotherapy. A review of the associated literature was also conducted.
Bohmian Trajectories and the Path Integral Paradigm: complexified Lagrangian mechanics

David Bohm had shown that the Schrodinger equation, that is a "visiting card" of quantum mechanics, can be decomposed onto two equations for real functions — action and probability density. The first equation is the Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) equation, a "visiting card" of classical mechanics, is modified by the Bohmian quantum potential. This potential is a nonlinear function of the probability density. And the second is the continuity equation. The latter can be transformed to the entropy balance equation. The Bohmian quantum potential is transformed into two Bohmian quantum correctors. The first corrector modifies the kinetic energy term of the HJ equation, and the second one modifies the potential energy term. The unification of the quantum HJ equation and the entropy balance equation gives a complexified HJ equation containing complex kinetic and potential terms. The imaginary parts of these terms have an order of smallness about the Planck constant. The Bohmian quantum corrector is an indispensable term modifying the Feynman's path integral by expanding coordinates and momenta to an imaginary sector. The difference between the Bohmian and Feynman's trajectories is that the former satisfies the principle of least action and they bifurcate on interfaces. The latter covers all possible paths from a source to a detector. They can split and annihilate.
Antibiotic treatment against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus hospital- and ventilator-acquired pneumonia: a step forward but the battle continues.

to 70%. In the last 10 years, the pharmaceutical industry has made efforts to develop antibiotics against gram-positive cocci, including MRSA. Linezolid, a member of the oxazolidinone family, is an antibiotic that has been used for more than 10 years to combat staphylococcal infections. In randomized clinical trials (RCTs),
Placental gene expression patterns of endoglin (CD105) in intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract Objective: In this study, we describe placental gene expression patterns of endoglin in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared to normal pregnancies. Methods: Placental samples were obtained from 101 pregnancies with IUGR using 140 normal pregnancy cases as control. Gene expression patterns and protein levels of the endoglin were compared between the two groups. For the gene expression analysis real-time PCR was applied, while for the estimation of placental protein level we performed Western analysis. Results: The placental endoglin gene was significantly overexpressed in the IUGR group versus the control group (Ln2α: 1.69). The placental endoglin protein level proved to be significantly higher in case of IUGR (endoglin/β-actin ratio: 13.8 ± 2.3) versus the control cases (5.3 ± 1.1). The placental gene expression as well as the protein levels of endoglin showed no significant difference between female and male newborns. Concerning the placental gene expression and protein level, no significant difference was justified between the more (0–5 percentile) and less (5–10 percentile) severe cases of IUGR. Conclusion: Increased placental gene expression of endoglin may result in vascular dysfunction leading to chronic fetal hypoxia, which may induce VEGF-A to stimulate angiogenesis. This can be explained as feed back response to restore fetal placental circulation.
Rescue of a Plant Negative-Strand RNA Virus from Cloned cDNA: Insights into Enveloped Plant Virus Movement and Morphogenesis

Reverse genetics systems have been established for all major groups of plant DNA and positive-strand RNA viruses, and our understanding of their infection cycles and pathogenesis has benefitted enormously from use of these approaches. However, technical difficulties have heretofore hampered applications of reverse genetics to plant negative-strand RNA (NSR) viruses. Here, we report recovery of infectious virus from cloned cDNAs of a model plant NSR, Sonchus yellow net rhabdovirus (SYNV). The procedure involves Agrobacterium-mediated transcription of full-length SYNV antigenomic RNA and co-expression of the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), large polymerase core proteins and viral suppressors of RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Optimization of core protein expression resulted in up to 26% recombinant SYNV (rSYNV) infections of agroinfiltrated plants. A reporter virus, rSYNV-GFP, engineered by inserting a green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene between the N and P genes was able to express GFP during systemic infections and after repeated plant-to-plant mechanical passages. Deletion analyses with rSYNV-GFP demonstrated that SYNV cell-to-cell movement requires the sc4 protein and suggested that uncoiled nucleocapsids are infectious movement entities. Deletion analyses also showed that the glycoprotein is not required for systemic infection, although the glycoprotein mutant was defective in virion morphogenesis. Taken together, we have developed a robust reverse genetics system for SYNV that provides key insights into morphogenesis and movement of an enveloped plant virus. Our study also provides a template for developing analogous systems for reverse genetic analysis of other plant NSR viruses.
On Biases in Estimating Multi-Valued Attributes

We analyse the basics of eleven measures for estimating the quality of the multivalued attributes. The values of information gain J-measure, gini-index and relevance tend to lin early increase with the number of values of an attribute. The values of gam-ratio dis tance measure, Relief and the weight of evidence decrease for informative attributes and increase for irrelevant attributes. The bias of the statistic tests based on the chi-square distribution is similar but these functions are not able to discriminate among the attributes of different quality. We also introduce a new func tion based on the MDL principle whose value slightly decreases with the increasing number of attributes values.
Prefoldin Plays a Role as a Clearance Factor in Preventing Proteasome Inhibitor-induced Protein Aggregation*

Background: Prefoldin consisting of six subunits prevents protein misfolding. Results: Prefoldin prevented proteasome inhibitor- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced protein aggregation, and mutation of a prefoldin subunit resulted in loss of its activity. Conclusion: In addition to its protein folding activity, prefoldin protects cells from aggregated protein-induced cell death. Significance: Prefoldin is a quality control protein against protein aggregation. Prefoldin is a molecular chaperone composed of six subunits, PFD1–6, and prevents misfolding of newly synthesized nascent polypeptides. Although it is predicted that prefoldin, like other chaperones, modulates protein aggregation, the precise function of prefoldin against protein aggregation under physiological conditions has never been elucidated. In this study, we first established an anti-prefoldin monoclonal antibody that recognizes the prefoldin complex but not its subunits. Using this antibody, it was found that prefoldin was localized in the cytoplasm with dots in co-localization with polyubiquitinated proteins and that the number and strength of dots were increased in cells that had been treated with lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, and thapsigargin, an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Knockdown of prefoldin increased the level of SDS-insoluble ubiquitinated protein and reduced cell viability in lactacystin and thapsigargin-treated cells. Opposite results were obtained in prefoldin-overexpressed cells. It has been reported that mice harboring a missense mutation L110R of MM-1α/PFD5 exhibit neurodegeneration in the cerebellum. Although the prefoldin complex containing L110R MM-1α was properly formed in vitro and in cells derived from L110R MM-1α mice, the levels of ubiquitinated proteins and cytotoxicity were higher in L110R MM-1α cells than in wild-type cells under normal conditions and were increased by lactacystin and thapsigargin treatment, and growth of L110R MM-1α cells was attenuated. Furthermore, the polyubiquitinated protein aggregation level was increased in the brains of L110R MM-1α mice. These results suggest that prefoldin plays a role in quality control against protein aggregation and that dysfunction of prefoldin is one of the causes of neurodegenerative diseases.
The feedback loop of LITAF and BCL6 is involved in regulating apoptosis in B cell non-Hodgkin's-lymphoma

Dysregulation of the apoptotic pathway is widely recognized as a key step in lymphomagenesis. Notably, LITAF was initially identified as a p53-inducible gene, subsequently implicated as a tumor suppressor. Our previous study also showed LITAF to be methylated in 89.5% B-NHL samples. Conversely, deregulated expression of BCL6 is a pathogenic event in many lymphomas. Interestingly, our study found an oppositional expression of LITAF and BCL6 in B-NHL. In addition, LITAF was recently identified as a novel target gene of BCL6. Therefore, we sought to explore the feedback loop between LITAF and BCL6 in B-NHL. Here, our data for the first time show that LITAF can repress expression of BCL6 by binding to Region A (−87 to +65) containing a putative LITAF-binding motif (CTCCC) within the BCL6 promoter. Furthermore, the regulation of BCL6 targets (PRDM1 or c-Myc) by LITAF may be associated with B-cell differentiation. Results also demonstrate that ectopic expression of LITAF induces cell apoptosis, activated by releasing cytochrome c, cleaving PARP and caspase 3 in B-NHL cells whereas knockdown of LITAF robustly protected cells from apoptosis. Interestingly, BCL6, in turn, could reverse cell apoptosis mediated by LITAF. Collectively, our findings provide a novel apoptotic regulatory pathway in which LITAF, as a transcription factor, inhibits the expression of BCL6, which leads to activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and tumor apoptosis. Our study is expected to provide a possible biomarker as well as a target for clinical therapies to promote tumor cell apoptosis.
Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor-primed Bone Marrow: An Excellent Stem-cell Source for Transplantation in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Background: Steady-state bone marrow (SS-BM) and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor-primed BM/peripheral blood stem-cell (G-BM/G-PBSC) are the main stem-cell sources used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Here, we evaluated the treatment effects of SS-BM and G-BM/G-PBSC in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling transplantation. Methods: A total of 226 patients (acute myelogenous leukemia-complete remission 1, chronic myelogenous leukemia-chronic phase 1) received SS-BM, G-BM, or G-PBSC from an HLA-identical sibling. Clinical outcomes (graft-versus-host disease [GVHD], overall survival, transplant-related mortality [TRM], and leukemia-free survival [LFS]) were analyzed. Results: When compared to SS-BM, G-BM gave faster recovery time to neutrophil or platelet (P < 0.05). Incidence of grade III-IV acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was lower than seen with SS-BM (P < 0.05) and similar to G-PBSC. Although the incidence of cGVHD in the G-BM group was similar to SS-BM, both were lower than G-PBSC (P < 0.05). G-BM and G-PBSC exhibited similar survival, LFS, and TRM, but were significantly different from SS-BM (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in leukemia relapse rates among the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: G-CSF-primed bone marrow shared the advantages of G-PBSC and SS-BM. We conclude that G-BM is an excellent stem-cell source that may be preferable to G-PBSC or SS-BM in patients receiving HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Experimental characterisation of a biologically inspired 3D steering needle

Percutaneous intervention is a popular minimally invasive surgical technique, as it offers many potential advantages for the patient. Research efforts to date have focussed on improving the accuracy and applicability of this procedure through robotic control, in particular with the application of needle steering systems. Previously, we demonstrated two-dimensional (2D) steering within gelatine, with a prototype of a novel biologically inspired multi-segment needle, the STING. Then, a novel `programmable bevel' concept, where the steering angle of the needle is a function of the offset between segments, was used to control the trajectory taken within the steering plane. This paper presents our first attempt to demonstrate controllable three-dimensional (3D) steering with a new four-segment prototype of the STING. We show that an approximately linear relationship exists between segment offset and curvature of the tip path for a single leading segment, as well as for two segments which are moved forward of the others by an equal amount. This characterisation is then demonstrated with 3D open loop experiments, which show that the established behaviour is applicable for controlled 3D steering along eight principal directions.
Oscillatory Responses to Semantic and Syntactic Violations

EEG studies employing time–frequency analysis have revealed changes in theta and alpha power in a variety of language and memory tasks. Semantic and syntactic violations embedded in sentences evoke well-known ERPs, but little is known about the oscillatory responses to these violations. We investigated oscillatory responses to both kinds of violations, while monolingual and bilingual participants performed an acceptability judgment task. Both violations elicited power decreases (event-related desynchronization, ERD) in the 8–30 Hz frequency range, but with different scalp topographies. In addition, semantic anomalies elicited power increases (event-related synchronization, ERS) in the 1–5 Hz frequency band. The 1–5 Hz ERS was strongly phase-locked to stimulus onset and highly correlated with time domain averages, whereas the 8–30 Hz ERD response varied independently of these. In addition, the results showed that language expertise modulated 8–30 Hz ERD for syntactic violations as a function of the executive demands of the task. When the executive function demands were increased using a grammaticality judgment task, bilinguals but not monolinguals demonstrated reduced 8–30 Hz ERD for syntactic violations. These findings suggest a putative role of the 8–30 Hz ERD response as a marker of linguistic processing that likely represents a separate neural process from those underlying ERPs.
Heuristics: The Foundations of Adaptive Behavior

How do people make decisions when time is limited, information unreliable, and the future uncertain? Based on the work of Nobel laureate Herbert Simon and with the help of colleagues around the world, the Adaptive Behavior and Cognition (ABC) Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin has developed a research program on simple heuristics, also known as fast and frugal heuristics. In the social sciences, heuristics have been believed to be generally inferior to complex methods for inference, or even irrational. Although this may be true in "small worlds" where everything is known for certain, we show that in the actual world in which we live, full of uncertainties and surprises, heuristics are indispensable and often more accurate than complex methods. Contrary to a deeply entrenched belief, complex problems do not necessitate complex computations. Less can be more. Simple heuristics exploit the information structure of the environment, and thus embody ecological rather than logical rationality. Simon (1999) applauded this new program as a "revolution in cognitive science, striking a great blow for sanity in the approach to human rationality. "By providing a fresh look at how the mind works as well as the nature of rationality, the simple heuristics program has stimulated a large body of research, led to fascinating applications in diverse fields from law to medicine to business to sports, and instigated controversial debates in psychology, philosophy, and economics. In a single volume, the present reader compiles key articles that have been published in journals across many disciplines. These articles present theory, real-world applications, and a sample of the large number of existing experimental studies that provide evidence for people's adaptive use of heuristics.
Predictable time management for real-time distributed simulation

We introduce a technique to control the overhead of time management processes in order to make such mechanisms appropriate for real-time distributed simulation is introduced. A novel message accounting scheme, the offset-epoch method, is presented as a way to increase the efficiency of time management algorithms by eliminating transient messages. A synchronized lower-bound on timestamp (LBTS) computation exploits this efficiency to reduce time management overheads. This approach represents one step in bridging the gap that now exists between analytic and real-time distributed simulations.
Effects of Aneuploidy on Genome Structure, Expression, and Interphase Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana

Aneuploidy refers to losses and/or gains of individual chromosomes from the normal chromosome set. The resulting gene dosage imbalance has a noticeable affect on the phenotype, as illustrated by aneuploid syndromes, including Down syndrome in humans, and by human solid tumor cells, which are highly aneuploid. Although the phenotypic manifestations of aneuploidy are usually apparent, information about the underlying alterations in structure, expression, and interphase organization of unbalanced chromosome sets is still sparse. Plants generally tolerate aneuploidy better than animals, and, through colchicine treatment and breeding strategies, it is possible to obtain inbred sibling plants with different numbers of chromosomes. This possibility, combined with the genetic and genomics tools available for Arabidopsis thaliana, provides a powerful means to assess systematically the molecular and cytological consequences of aberrant numbers of specific chromosomes. Here, we report on the generation of Arabidopsis plants in which chromosome 5 is present in triplicate. We compare the global transcript profiles of normal diploids and chromosome 5 trisomics, and assess genome integrity using array comparative genome hybridization. We use live cell imaging to determine the interphase 3D arrangement of transgene-encoded fluorescent tags on chromosome 5 in trisomic and triploid plants. The results indicate that trisomy 5 disrupts gene expression throughout the genome and supports the production and/or retention of truncated copies of chromosome 5. Although trisomy 5 does not grossly distort the interphase arrangement of fluorescent-tagged sites on chromosome 5, it may somewhat enhance associations between transgene alleles. Our analysis reveals the complex genomic changes that can occur in aneuploids and underscores the importance of using multiple experimental approaches to investigate how chromosome numerical changes condition abnormal phenotypes and progressive genome instability.
Detection of Classical swine fever virus infection by individual oral fluid of pigs following experimental inoculation

We evaluated the use of oral fluid as an alternative to serum samples for Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) detection. Individual oral fluid and serum samples were collected at different times post-infection from pigs that were experimentally inoculated with CSFV Alfort 187 strain. We found no evidence of CSFV neutralizing antibodies in swine oral fluid samples under our experimental conditions. In contrast, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction could detect CSFV nucleic acid from the oral fluid as early as 8 d postinfection, which also coincided with the time of initial detection in blood samples. The probability of CSFV detection in oral fluid was identical or even higher than in the corresponding blood sample. Our results support the feasibility of using this sampling method for CSFV genome detection, which may represent an additional cost-effective tool for CSF control.
Philadelphia chromosome with acute myeloid leukemia and concurrent large B cell lymphoma of different origins: A case report

Philadelphia chromosome with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (Ph + AML) arising from t(9;22) is an uncommon occurrence. Ph + AML is known to respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, simultaneous diagnosis of de novo Ph + AML and lymphoma in a single patient has not yet been reported. The present study reports the case of a 37-year-old female patient who presented with bone pain, fever and lymphadenopathy, and was diagnosed as Ph + AML with concurrent diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Combined chemotherapy regimen covering AML and lymphoma was administered, achieving short-term response. However, the therapy soon failed and the patient succumbed to the disease. The present study reports the first case of Ph + AML occurring concurrently with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and discusses certain differences between Ph + AML and chronic myelogenous leukemia in the myeloid blast crisis phase, as well as the appropriate therapeutic modalities for Ph + AML. In addition, the potential association between Ph + AML and diffuse large B cell lymphoma in this patient was investigated.