Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological climate and individual performance in India: test of a mediated model

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological climate and employee performance, in the Indian environment, in order to understand better the conditions that foster high levels of in‐role and extra‐role performance.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, the paper includes organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job satisfaction as mediating variables. Further, it uses data obtained from 357 managerial employees in the manufacturing and service sectors in India to analyze the relationships.Findings – The results support the hypotheses that an individual's perception of the psychological climate in the organization has a significant positive impact on his/her willingness to engage in OCBs, as well as on his/her job satisfaction levels. Further, OCB and job satisfaction levels have a significant impact on individuals' performance.Research limitations/implications – The present study relies exclusively on cross‐sectional data, limiting .
Massive Transcriptional Perturbation in Subgroups of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas

Based on the assumption that molecular mechanisms involved in cancerogenesis are characterized by groups of coordinately expressed genes, we developed and validated a novel method for analyzing transcriptional data called Correlated Gene Set Analysis (CGSA). Using 50 extracted gene sets we identified three different profiles of tumors in a cohort of 364 Diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and related mature aggressive B-cell lymphomas other than Burkitt lymphoma. The first profile had high level of expression of genes related to proliferation whereas the second profile exhibited a stromal and immune response phenotype. These two profiles were characterized by a large scale gene activation affecting genes which were recently shown to be epigenetically regulated, and which were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism and nucleoside biosynthesis. The third and novel profile showed only low global gene activation similar to that found in normal B cells but not cell lines. Our study indicates novel levels of complexity of DLBCL with low or high large scale gene activation related to metabolism and biosynthesis and, within the group of highly activated DLBCLs, differential behavior leading to either a proliferative or a stromal and immune response phenotype.
THREE DIMENSIONS OF VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

Progress toward establishing a model of lexical development to guide vocabulary acquisition research requires more precise specification of the various dimensions of lexical competence, the interrelationships among them, and how they interface with processes of word learning and use. Three dimensions of lexical competence are proposed: (a) partial to precise knowledge, (b) depth of knowledge, and (c) receptive to productive use ability. The relationship between the two knowledge dimensions and the acquisition of word meaning is considered, with emphasis on the complexity of the semantization1 process and on the need for redefining lexical development as both item-learning and system-changing. The adequacy of the three-dimensional description as a reflection of the process of vocabulary development is then discussed. Consideration of the nature of the developmental interrelationships among the dimensions raises two further questions: (a) Is depth of knowledge a prerequisite for developing precise comprehension? and (b) Are precise knowledge and depth of knowledge prerequisites for a word to become productive?
Automatic Category Activation and Social Behavior: The Moderating Role of Prejudiced Beliefs

A study is conducted to investigate the influence of subliminal primes and whether these automatic category activation effects would be affected by prejudice level. The results indicate that the behavioral level previous findings with social judgment and lexical decision tasks and support a model in which automatic category activation has divergent effects as a function of preexisting attitudes.
Differential Localization of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel α1 Subunits at the Human and Rat Neuromuscular Junction

Neurotransmitter release is regulated by voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) at synapses throughout the nervous system. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) electrophysiological and pharmacological studies have identified a major role for P- and/or Q-type VDCCs in controlling acetylcholine release from the nerve terminal. Additional studies have suggested that N-type channels may be involved in neuromuscular transmission. VDCCs consist of pore-forming α1 and regulatory β subunits. In this report, using fluorescence immunocytochemistry, we provide evidence that immunoreactivity to α1A, α1B, and α1E subunits is present at both rat and human adult NMJs. Using control and denervated rat preparations, we have been able to establish that the subunit thought to correspond to P/Q-type channels, α1A, is localized presynaptically in discrete puncta that may represent motor nerve terminals. We also demonstrate for the first time that α1A and α1B (which corresponds to N-type channels) may be localized in axon-associated Schwann cells and, further, that the α1B subunit may be present in perisynaptic Schwann cells. In addition, the α1E subunit (which may correspond to R/T-type channels) seems to be localized postsynaptically in the muscle fiber membrane and concentrated at the NMJ. The possibility that all three VDCCs at the NMJ are potential targets for circulating autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discussed.
Relations with Grandparents

The rapid growth of urban settlements in the United States has profound but largely unexplored implications for children's relations with grandparents. Rural settlements in the Midwest frequently became a stepping stone to residence in far western states. We examine whether and how relations with grandparents differs for young people in rural farm and nonfarm regions of the Midwest (using the Iowa Youth and Families Project—IYFP) and in urban Southern California (using the Longitudinal Study of Generations—LSOG). Rural youth enjoy more frequent contact with paternal grandparents and receive more help from all grandparents than urban youth. Farm adolescents have even more contact and receive more help from paternal grandparents than rural nonfarm age-mates. Levels of conflict are low across ecologies, although urban youth report higher levels of conflict with maternal grandmothers than rural youth. Even with controls, the relationship of young Americans with their grandparents varies significantly by rural-urban ecology.
Local Deposition of Particles in a Laboratory-Scale Electrostatic Precipitator with Barbed Discharge Electrodes

The precipitation of particles in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) results in striking dust patterns at the collecting electrodes, strongly depending on forces of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) field in the duct. Due to precipitator geometry, electrical operation status, and process parameters, areas of high and low dust density are visible. Since latest results show a direct correlation of precipitator efficiency with the shape and size of those patterns, a better knowledge of local dust layer properties is necessary in order to improve the performance of electrostatic precipitators, e.g. by electrode optimization. For this paper experimental investigations were carried out with a laboratory scale electrostatic precipitator. In order to analyze the different characteristics of the collected dust at compressed and light dust layer regions, particle size distributions and dust layer porosity were determined with the help of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, high accuracy weight measurements were executed to reveal prefered dust deposition along the collecting electrodes. Whereas the dust mass varies only insignificantly for short-time particle collection (e.g. 1 minute), the dust mass in high-density regions is much larger after having collected a dust layer for a longer period (e.g. 45 minutes). This phenomenon is due to a permanent dust layer erosion by forces of the gas flow. Moreover, a totally different structure of the dust layer can be observed directly opposite and between the discharge electrodes. Porosity investigations underline the observationse and prove significantly lower porosity in dust layer areas directly opposite of the coronating barbes. The different particle size distributions of dust at highand low-density regions of the dust layer show that fine particles were preferably deposited in high-density regions.
Extended Variability Modeling and Unsupervised Adaptation for PLDA Speaker Recognition

Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) continues to be the most effective approach for speaker recognition in the i-vector space. This paper extends the PLDA model to include both enrollment and test cut duration as well as to distinguish between session and channel variability. In addition, we address the task of unsupervised adaptation to unknown new domains in two ways: speaker-dependent PLDA parameters and cohort score normalization using Bayes rule. Experimental results on the NIST SRE16 task show that these principled techniques provide state-of-the-art performance with negligible increase in complexity over a PLDA baseline.
Correlational Study of Diabetic Retinopathy and Hearing Loss.

PURPOSE Our research goal was to complete a retrospective chart review to determine if there is a correlation between the level of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neurosensory hearing loss. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 175 Department of Veterans Affairs Computerized Patient Record System charts was completed at the VA Portland Health Care System. Subjects were classified by degree of diabetic retinopathy as follows: no diabetic retinopathy (n = 80), mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 51), moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 25), and combined severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 17). Degree of sensorineural hearing was collected for each ear. Additionally, measures of diabetic control, including hemoglobin A1C, and creatinine, were recorded. RESULTS After controlling for diabetic control, as measured by HbA1C and creatinine, level of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with hearing loss severity in both ears (right ear, P = .018 and left ear, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS When adjusted to include diabetes control, the severity of diabetic retinopathy showed a correlation with degree of hearing loss at most levels. Because of this association, recommendation for hearing evaluations may be considered for those with mild, moderate, or severe nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
The ideal L2 selves of Japanese learners of English

This thesis attempts to reinterpret language learning motivation through a consideration of the possibilities of applying theories of the self to L2 motivation theory. There were two overriding aims guiding my research; firstly to empirically test theoretical proposals suggesting that the concept of an ideal L2 self may represent a more effective base for understanding L2 motivation, and secondly to explore the possibilities suggested by this approach within the context of the Japanese English learning context. The study was designed using a mixed methods approach, with a primary quantitative research instrument being supported by secondary qualitative data. The main quantitative instrument was a large-scale (n= 2,397) nationwide attitudinal questionnaire. The qualitative data was collected from three sets of semi-structured interviews with a total of 23 learners of English in Japan. Analysis of the quantitative data provided convincing support for claims that the ideal L2 self represents a viable and improved base from which to understand the motivation to learn English. The data showed the ideal L2 self to be the central element of the learner's sense of emotional identification with the values associated with a language and its speakers and to be one of the principal variables affecting efforts to learn. The research also found that in the Japanese English learning context, a significant factor in the construction of learners' ideal L2 self beliefs and motivated behaviour was perceived conflicts between national identity beliefs and English abilities; conflicts which manifested themselves in the provision of English education and learners' immediate social relationships.
A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models

We conduct a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of similarities and differences between recent seismic tomography models of the Earth's mantle in an attempt to determine a benchmark for geodynamic interpretation. After a spherical harmonic expansion, we find the spectral power and radial correlation of each tomographic model as a function of depth and harmonic degree. We then calculate the correlation, at the same depths and degrees, between all possible pairs of models, to identify stable and model‐dependent features (the former being usually of longer spatial wavelength than the latter). We can therefore evaluate the degree of robust structure that seismologists have mapped so far and proceed to calculate ad hoc mean reference models. Tomographic models are furthermore compared with two geodynamic subduction models that are based on plate motion reconstructions. We find systematically low intermediate‐wavelength correlation between tomography and convective reconstruction models and suggest that the inadequate treatment of the details of slab advection is responsible. However, we confirm the presence of stable, slab‐like fast anomalies in the mid‐mantle whose geographic pattern naturally associates them with subduction. This finding, in addition to our analysis of heterogeneity spectra and the absence of strong minima in the radial correlation functions besides the one at ~700 km, supports the idea of whole mantle convection with slab penetration through the 660 km phase transition, possibly accompanied by a reorganization of flow.
Theoretical Interpretations of Elite Change in East Central Europe

Elite theory enjoyed a remarkable revival in Central and Eastern Europe, and also in international social science research, during the 1990s. Many researchers coming from different schools of thought turned to the analysis of rapid political and social changes and ended up doing centered research. Since democratic transition and elite transformation seemed to be parallel processes, it was understandable that sociologists and political scientists of the region started to use elite theory. The idea of "third wave" of democratization advanced a reduced, more synthetic, "exportable" understanding of democracy in the political science literature. The main focus of social sciences shifted from structures to actors, from path dependency to institutional choices. Transitions, roundtable negotiations, institution-building, constitution-making, compromise-seeking, pactmaking, pact-breaking, strategic choices — all of these underlined the importance of elites and research on them. Elite settlements were seen as alternatives of social revolution. According to a widely shared view democratic institutions came into existence through negotiations and compromises among political elites calculating their own interests and desires. The elite settlement approach was then followed by some important contributions in transitology which described the process of regime change largely as "elite games. " By offering a systematic overview of the theoretical interpretations of elite change from New Class theory to recent theorizing of elite change (conversion of capital, reproduction, circulation, political capitalism, technocratic continuity, three elites and the like), the paper also gives an account of the state of the arts in elite studies in different new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe.
Participation in colorectal cancer screening: a review.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the published literature on adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy. Specifically, the review addresses the following: 1) prevalence of FOBT and sigmoidoscopy; 2) interventions to increase adherence to FOBT and sigmoidoscopy; 3) correlates or predictors of adherence to FOBT and sigmoidoscopy; and 4) reasons for nonadherence. Other objectives are to put the literature on CRC screening adherence in the context of recently reported findings from experimental interventions to change prevention and early detection behaviors and to suggest directions for future research on CRC screening adherence. CRC screening offers the potential both for primary and for secondary prevention. Data from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey show that 26% of the population more than 49 years of age report FOBT within the past 3 years and 33% report ever having had sigmoidoscopy. The Year 2000 goals set forth in Healthy People 2000 are for 50% of the population more than 49 years of age to report FOBT within the past 2 years and for 40% to report that they ever had sigmoidoscopy. Thus, systematic efforts to increase CRC screening are warranted. To date, attempts to promote CRC screening have used both a public health model that targets entire communities, e.g., mass media campaigns, and a medical model that targets individuals, e.g., general practice patients. Most of these efforts, however, did not include systematic evaluation of strategies to increase adherence. The data on FOBT show that the median adherence rate to programmatic offers of FOBT is between 40% and 50%, depending on the type of population offered the test, e.g., patients or employees. Approximately, 50% of those initially offered testing in unselected populations will respond to minimal prompts or interventions. A salient issue for FOBT, however, is whether or not the behavior can be sustained over time. Fewer studies examined adherence to sigmoidoscopy. Adherence was highest in relatives of CRC cases and in employer-sponsored programs offered to workers at increased risk of CRC. At present, we know very little about the determinants of CRC screening behaviors, particularly as they relate to rescreening.
Repetition and recency increases involuntary musical imagery of previously unfamiliar songs

We investigated the effect of repetition, recency, and levels of processing on the induction of involuntary musical imagery of previously unfamiliar songs. In an experimental session where participants heard an unfamiliar song, we manipulated song familiarity (participants heard the song either two or six times) and levels of processing (participants either had to answer general questions about the song or questions about how the song related to their life), followed by 3 days of probe-caught experience sampling. In a sample of 36 participants, we found that involuntary musical imagery induced by stimulus songs occurred more often when songs were more familiar, and more often during the earlier part of the experience sampling period. However, levels of processing did not affect rates of involuntary musical imagery.
Blind Receiver Design for OFDM Systems Over Doubly Selective Channels

We develop blind data detectors for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over doubly selective channels by exploiting both frequency-domain and time-domain correlations of the received signal. We thus derive two blind data detectors: a time-domain data detector and a frequency-domain data detector. We also contribute a reduced complexity, suboptimal version of a time-domain data detector that performs robustly when the normalized Doppler rate is less than 3%. Our frequency-domain data detector and suboptimal time-domain data detector both result in integer least-squares (LS) problems. We propose the use of the V-BLAST detector and the sphere decoder. The time-domain data detector is not limited to the Doppler rates less than 3%, but cannot be posed as an integer LS problem. Our solution is to develop an iterative algorithm that starts from the suboptimal time-domain data detector output. We also propose channel estimation and prediction algorithms using a polynomial expansion model, and these estimators work with data detectors (decision-directed mode) to reduce the complexity. The estimators for the channel statistics and the noise variance are derived using the likelihood function for the data. Our blind data detectors are fairly robust against the parameter mismatch
Researching work identities in a European context

The contributions in this CDI special issue present research findings that have been generated in the course of the research project, Vocational Identity, Flexibility and Mobility in the European Labour Market, funded under the 5th EU Framework Programme. Investigating identity formation processes at work, the guiding research question focused on what individuals identify with in their work context when they are challenged to respond to increasing demands for flexibility, mobility, changing work settings and shifting skill requirements. Project partners from seven European countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Spain and the UK) interviewed more than 500 employees at intermediate skills level and over 100 managers and representatives of human resources departments about how employees cope with changes at work and how this might affect their work identity, work attitude and career orientation. This paper gives an overview of the background, research questions, basic theoretical considerations, methodology and general findings of this project. It serves as a general introduction to the other five papers presented in this issue which are all based on a common approach and understanding of the research carried out.
Lack of association between high-risk human papillomaviruses and oral squamous cell carcinoma in young Japanese patients.

BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may play an important role as one of the possible etiologies of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between HPV and OSCC in young Japanese patients by examining the presence of HPV DNA and surrogate markers in OSCC tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty young patients with OSCC whose surgical specimens were available were analyzed and compared with 40 patients randomly recruited from a pool of patients aged >40 years. HPV DNA was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-based AMPLICOR(®) HPV test, and surrogate markers of HPV infection were analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques to detect p16(INK4a) and p53. RESULTS Only two (5%) young patients and one (2.5%) older patient were positive for HPV DNA. p16(INK4a) overexpression was identified in six (15%) young patients. p53 staining levels were not high in tissues of most young patients (27 patients, 67.5%). HPV DNA status did not significantly correlate with p16(INK4a) expression levels. Profiles of increased levels of p16(INK4a) expression with diminished levels of p53 staining were not associated with the presence of HPV DNA. The combined p53 with p16(INK4a) profiles were significantly correlated with alcohol consumption in younger patients (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS RESULTS of the present study indicate that HPV is less likely to cause OSCC in young Japanese patients, and the p16(INK4a) expression level is not an appropriate surrogate marker for HPV infection in OSCC.