Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A subspace-based method for DOA estimation of uniform linear array in the presence of mutual coupling

This paper develops a subspace-based method for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of uniform linear array (ULA) in the presence of mutual coupling. As the mutual coupling coefficient between two sensor elements is inversely related to their separation and is negligible when they are separated by a few wavelengths, the mutual coupling matrix (MCM) of a ULA can be well approximated as a banded symmetric Toeplitz matrix, which greatly reduces the number of unknown parameters to be estimated. Using the subspace principle, we propose a new method for joint estimation of the DOAs of incoming signals and banded symmetric Toeplitz MCM by reconstructing the steering vector to a specific matrix form. The proposed method achieves a better performance especially for weak signals than the method in [8], since the whole array, instead of the middle subarray in [8], is used for DOA estimation. Simulation results illustrate that both DOAs and mutual coupling coefficients can be estimated efficiently with the proposed method.
Paradigms Lost and Pragmatism Regained

This article examines several methodological issues associated with combining qualitative and quantitative methods by comparing the increasing interest in this topic with the earlier renewal of interest in qualitative research during the 1980s. The first section argues for the value of Kuhn’s concept of paradigm shifts as a tool for examining changes in research fields such as social science research methodology. The next two sections consider the initial rise of the “metaphysical paradigm” that justified the renewed interest in qualitative research and the subsequent problems that have encouraged efforts to replace that paradigm. The final section of the paper advocates a “pragmatic approach” as a new guiding paradigm in social science research methods, both as a basis for supporting work that combines qualitative and quantitative methods and as a way to redirect our attention to methodological rather than metaphysical concerns.
Evidencing the harms of hate speech

ABSTRACT The ways in which targeted communities experience hate speech is an important, but often neglected, component of the debate over the legitimacy of hate speech laws. This article reports on data drawn from interviews conducted with 101 members of Indigenous and minority ethnic communities in Australia regarding their experiences of hate speech. We give voice to targets’ experiences of face-to-face and more widely broadcast hate speech, and outline the constitutive and consequential harms they claim to have suffered. We assess these against the alleged harms of hate speech in the literature, finding a close correlation between targets’ reports and the literature.
A NICMOS imaging study of high-z quasar host galaxies

We present the first results from a major Hubble Space Telescope programme designed to investigate the cosmological evolution of quasar host galaxies from z ≃ 2 to the present day. Here we describe J and H-band NICMOS imaging of two quasar samples at redshifts of 0.9 and 1.9 respectively. Each sample contains equal numbers of radio- loud and radio-quiet quasars, selected to lie within the same narrow range of optical absolute magnitude (−24 ≥ MV ≥ −25). Filter and target selection were designed to ensure that at each redshift the images sample the same part of the object's rest- frame spectrum, longwards of 4000u where starlight from the host galaxy is relatively prominent, but avoiding potential contamination by (Oiii)�5007 and Hemission lines. At z ≃ 1 we have been able to establish host-galaxy luminosities and scalelengths with sufficient accuracy to demonstrate that the hosts of bothradio-loud and radio- quiet quasars lie on the same Kormendy relation described by 3CR radio galaxies at comparable redshift (McLure & Dunlop 2000). Taken at face value the gap between the host luminosities of radio-loud and radio-quiet objects appears to have widened from only ≃ 0.4 mag. at z ≃ 0.2 (Dunlop et al. 2001) to ≃ 1 mag. at z ≃ 1, a difference that cannot be due to emission-line contamination given the design of our study. However, within current uncertainties, simple passive stellar evolution is sufficient to link these galaxies with the elliptical hosts of low-redshift quasars of comparable nuclear output, implying that the hosts are virtually fully assembled by z ∼ 1. At z ≃ 2 the hosts have proved harder to characterise accurately, and for only two of the nine z ≃ 2 quasars observed has it proved possible to properly constrain the scalelength of the host galaxy. However, the data are of sufficient quality to yield host- galaxy luminosities accurate to within a factor ≃ 2. At this redshift the luminosity gap between radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars appears to have widened further to ≃ 1.5 mag. Thus while the hosts of radio-loud quasars remain consistent with a formation epoch of z > 3, allowing for passive evolution implies that the hosts of radio-quiet quasars are ≃ 2 − 4 times less massive at z ≃ 2 than at z ≃ 0.2. If the relationship between black-hole and spheroid mass is unchanged out to redshift z ≃ 2, then our results rule out any model of quasar evolution which involves a substantial component of luminosity evolution (e.g. Kauffmann & Haehnelt 2000). Rather, this study indicates that at z ≃ 2 there is a substantial increase in the number density of active black holes, along with a moderate increase in the fueling efficiency of a typical observed quasar. The fact that this latter effect is not displayed by the radio-loud objects in our sample might be explained by a selection effect arising from the fact that powerful radio sources are only produced by the most massive black holes (Dunlop et al. 2001; McLure & Dunlop 2000b).
Crustal and Upper Mantle Density Structure Beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Surrounding Areas Derived from EGM2008 Geoid Anomalies

As the most active plateau on the Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) has a complex crust–mantle structure. Knowledge of the distribution of such a structure provides information for understanding the underlying geodynamic processes. We obtain a three-dimensional model of the density of the crust and the upper mantle beneath the TP and surrounding areas from height anomalies using the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008). We refine the estimated density in the model iteratively using an initial density contrast model. We confirm that the EGM2008 products can be used to constrain the crust–mantle density structures. Our major findings are: (1) At a depth of 300–400 km, high-D(ensity) anomalies terminate around the Jinsha River Suture (JRS) in the central TP, which suggests that the Indian Plate has reached across the Bangong Nujiang Suture (BNS) and almost reaches the JRS. (2) On the eastern TP, low-D(ensity) anomalies at a depth of 0–300 km and with high-D anomalies at 400–670 km further verified the current eastward subduction of the Indian Plate. The ongoing subduction process provides force that results in frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. (3) At a depth of 600 km, low-D anomalies inside the TP illustrate the presence of hot weak material beneath it, which contribute to the inward thrusting of external material.
Robust Robot Controller Design Using Joint Position and Velocity Dependent Uncertainty Bound

In this paper, we present robust control laws for robot manipulators to track a desired trajectory in the presence of both parametric and unstructured uncertainties. The bound on parametric uncertainty is considered as a constant and the bound on unstructured uncertainty is supposed to include a linear combination of norms the joint position and velocity vectors. These robust control laws include a PD feedback part, a dynamic feedforward compensator with nominal robot parameters and two robust dynamic feedforward compensations for parametric and unstructured uncertainties. The stability of the closed-loop system is established by the Lyapunov function. The system with the first proposed control law is proved to be globally uniformly asymptotically stable (GUAS) and the system with the second control law is proved to have uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) tracking error. The radius of the ultimate boundedness set is also calculated. The tracking performance of this approach is satisfactory as the simulations carried out on a planar manipulator show
Frailty vs. Disability Distinctions in People With Intellectual Disabilities

While the extent of research on age-related frailty among adults in general has increased substantially during the past two decades, there has been a void in equivalent research with respect to adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). While frailty and disability have been seen as different, but overlapping, concepts in the field of ID, the concept of frailty is missing an empirical foundation. The authors define the concept of frailty as applied to adults with ID, using indicators based on Fried's definition (i.e., a physiological state of increased vulnerability to stressors that follows from decreased physiological reserves and dysregulation of a physiological system) and Rockwood's frailty criteria (multisystemic instability, change over time, allowance for heterogeneity, association with aging, and association with an increased risk of adverse outcomes). They developed a frailty questionnaire and tested their concept of frailty against the concept of disability. To do this, frailty-related data using self-report and third-party interviews were collected within the Austrian component of the POMONA II Project using a sample of 190 people with ID aged between 18 and 76 years. Variables in four frailty domains—social, cognitive, physical, and mental health—were assessed and defined as contributing to causal frailty factors. Similarities of the frailty syndrome were analyzed between the general population and the population with ID. The results offer evidence of a “frailty syndrome” affecting older people with ID.
Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE The association between deficits in executive functioning and functional outcomes was examined among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Subjects were adults who did (N=213) and did not (N=145) meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The authors defined having deficits in executive functioning as having at least two measures of executive functioning with scores 1.5 standard deviations below those of matched comparison subjects. RESULTS Significantly more adults with ADHD had deficits of executive functioning than comparison subjects. Deficits of executive functioning were associated with lower academic achievement, irrespective of ADHD status. Subjects with ADHD with deficits of executive functioning had a significantly lower socioeconomic status and a significant functional morbidity beyond the diagnosis of ADHD alone. CONCLUSIONS Psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning may help identify a subgroup of adults with ADHD at high risk for occupational and academic underachievement. More efforts are needed to identify cost-effective approaches to screen individuals with ADHD for deficits of executive functioning.
Rifampin for therapy of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits

Rifampin at a maximally effective dose was less active than ceftriaxone (both drugs at 10 mg/kg of body weight.h) in a rabbit model of pneumococcal meningitis (delta log10 CFU/ml.h, -0.40 +/- 0.13 versus -0.77 +/- 0.18; P < 0.01). The bactericidal activity of rifampin decreased at concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid greater than those that are clinically achievable, and use of rifampin in combination with ofloxacin had no synergistic or additive effect.
Know Thy Outgroup

In three studies, we examined whether activating a reasoning process that fosters the consideration of alternatives (a conflict mindset) reduces the extent to which individuals consistently overestimate how different outgroup members’ attitudes are from their own attitudes. In Study 1, tacitly activating a conflict mindset reduced the overestimation of outgroup dissimilarity compared to a control condition. Study 2 ruled out the alternative explanation that conflict reduces the tendency to overestimate outgroup dissimilarity through diminishing effortful thought. Study 3 showed that a conflict mindset, but not an accuracy incentive, reduced the tendency to overestimate outgroup dissimilarity. Additionally, Study 3 demonstrated that reductions in perceived self–outgroup distance explained in part why a conflict mindset attenuated the overestimation of outgroup dissimilarity. Implications for social judgment accuracy are discussed.
Contrasting effects of associates and coordinates in children with and without language impairment: A picture–word interference study

ABSTRACT In picture naming, semantic context words produce either facilitation or inhibition, depending on their relationship to the target-picture name. This study used the picture–word interference task to examine facilitative effects of associates (the word carrot paired with a picture of rabbit) and inhibitory effects of coordinates (mouse paired with a rabbit) in children and adults. Experiment 1 with adults (N = 44) documented robust associate and coordinate effects with either auditory or visual presentation of interfering words. Experiment 2 used auditory presentation of interfering words with children (N = 44, 6 years, 10 months to 11 years, half with typical development, half with specific language impairment). Children showed significant facilitation from associates but no reliable coordinate interference effect. The strength of the associative priming effect in children was correlated with their language abilities (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals scores). The results indicate the dominant role of association in facilitating word retrieval in speech production in children. In children with specific language impairment, lexical access gains weaker support from networks of associations in semantic memory.
Encountering Fish, Flows, and Waterscapes through Angling

This paper examines the material intertwinings of fish and water. It discusses how the presence of water and fish is simultaneously material and immaterial and examines how the processes and tensions between narratives of fish and water are caught up and inform human encounters with waterscapes. In particular, the paper does three things: first, it highlights the tensions between the angling literature and the practices and performances of angling. Second, it examines how fish embody the material and imaginative aspects of waterscapes, highlighting how fish are shaped to fit in or adapt to ‘environmental quality’ and human expectations. Third, it examines how water may be thought through as ‘fishy’ as made animate by the creatures that dwell there.
Preschool Intervention Can Promote Sustained Growth in the Executive-Function Skills of Children Exhibiting Early Deficits

This study examined the effects of the Head Start Research-Based, Developmentally Informed (REDI) preschool intervention on growth in children’s executive-function (EF) skills from preschool through third grade. Across 25 Head Start centers, each of 44 classrooms was randomly assigned either to an intervention group, which received enhanced social-emotional and language-literacy components, or to a “usual-practice” control group. Four-year-old children (N = 356; 25% African American, 17% Latino, 58% European American; 54% girls) were followed for 5 years, and EF skills were assessed annually. Latent-class growth analysis identified high, moderate, and low developmental EF trajectories. For children with low EF trajectories, the intervention improved EF scores in third grade significantly more (d = 0.58) than in the control group. Children who received the intervention also demonstrated better academic outcomes in third grade than children who did not. Poverty often delays EF development; enriching the Head Start program with an evidence-based curriculum and teaching strategies can reduce early deficits and thereby facilitate school success.
Understanding the Impact of Thin Media Models on Women's Body-Focused Affect: The Roles of Thin-Ideal Internalization and Weight-Related Self-Discrepancy Activation in Experimental Exposure Effects

Previous experimental research demonstrates that exposure to ultra-thin media models has negative effects on many women's body image, but neglects underlying psychological processes. We develop and test a moderated mediation model with internalization of the thin beauty ideal as moderator, and activation of weight-related self-discrepancies as mediating mechanism through which exposure leads to heightened body-focused negative affect. We demonstrate that thin-internalizers' higher negative affect after exposure to advertisements featuring thin models is fully mediated by weight-related self-discrepancy activation (N = 87; Study 1). These findings replicate in a larger sample of women (N = 155; Study 2) and hold regardless of whether or not thin models' body size was emphasized during exposure. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Implementing Mastery Learning

PART ONE: THE MASTERY LEARNING PROCESS. 1. The History and Development of Mastery Learning. 2. Outlining Learning Goals and Objectives. 3. Formative Assessment. 4. Feedback, Correctives, and Enrichment. 5. Summative Examinations and Assessments. 6. Applying Mastery Learning. 7. Evaluating Mastery Learning. 8. Onward and Upward. PART TWO: EXAMPLES OF MATERIALS FOR IMPLEMENTING MASTERY LEARNING. 10. Elementary Language Arts. 11. Goal Setting. 12. Middle School Algebra. 13. High School Language Arts. 14. High School Foreign Language: Spanish, Level I. References. Name Index. Subject Index.
Changing grain production in China: Perspective on changing grain acreage

The consecutive growth in China's grain output over the past decade has partly depended on the expansion in grain sown area. The paper examines spatiotemporal patterns of China's grain sown area by using a complete decomposition approach. The results show that changing grain sown area during 1978-2012 is the product of augmenting multiple cropping index (MCI), shrinking share of grain crops and loss of cultivated land on the whole. Owing much to augmenting MCI, grain acreage has expanded mainly in the high latitude areas since the mid-1990s, while it has shrunk in the eastern and central parts of China. A shift in growing grain crops from south to north can thus be discerned, affecting China's grain production pattern. Pattern change in grain sown area, associated with declining cultivated land and regional variability in changing MCI, is then discussed for the sake of China's grain supply security.
A comparison of outcomes between a lumen-apposing metal stent with electrocautery-enhanced delivery system and a bi-flanged metal stent for drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis

Abstract Background and study aims Bi-flanged metal stents (BFMS) have shown promise in the drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON), but their placement requires multiple steps and the use of other devices. More recently, a novel device consisting of a combined lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) and electrocautery-enhanced delivery system has been introduced. The aim of this study was to compare the placement and outcomes of the two devices. Patients and methods This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided placement of BFMS or LAMS for drainage of symptomatic WON. Data from procedures between October 2012 and December 2016 were taken from a prospectively maintained database. We compared technical and clinical success, procedure time, costs, and composite end point of significant events (adverse events, stent migration, additional percutaneous drainage) between BFMS and LAMS. Results 72 consecutive patients underwent placement of BFMS (40 patients, 44 stents) or LAMS (32 patients, 33 stents). Technical success was 91 % for BFMS and 97 % for LAMS. Clinical success was 65 % vs. 78 %, respectively. Median in-room procedure time was significantly shorter in the LAMS group (45 minutes [range 30 – 80]) than in the BFMS group (62.5 minutes [range 35 – 135]; P < 0.001) and fewer direct endoscopic necrosectomies (DEN) were performed (median 1 [0 – 2.0] vs. 2 [0 – 3.7], respectively; P = 0.005). If only inpatients were considered (35 BFMS and 19 LAMS), there was no significant difference in DEN 2 (range 0 – 11) and 2 (range 0 – 8), respectively. The composite end point of 32 % vs. 24 % was not significantly different. Median procedural costs for all patients with successful stent placement for WON treatment was €4427 (range 1630 – 12 926) for BFMS vs. €3500 (range 2509 – 13 393) for LAMS (P = 0.10). Conclusion LAMS was superior to BFMS in terms of procedure time, with comparable adverse events, success, and costs.
Prediction of major coronary events by coronary risk profile and silent myocardial ischaemia: prospective follow-up study of primary prevention in 72 diabetic patients.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of coronary risk profile (CRP) for major coronary events in patients screened for silent myocardial ischemia (SMI). We studied 72 diabetic patients, aged 41 to 65 years, recruited consecutively at the Poitiers diabetes clinic. All patients had at least one cardiovascular risk factor associated with diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes duration > or =15 years, dyslipidaemia, smoking, hypertension, micro/macro-albuminuria). A structured questionnaire, physical examination and resting electrocardiogram provided no evidence of coronary heart disease. SMI was defined as positive exercise electrocardiogram and/or dipyridamole thallium myocardial scintigraphy. CRP was estimated using the Framingham equation adapted to the French population. We defined a high CRP value as annual CRP > or =1.5%. Major coronary events (MCE) were defined as myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart failure, unstable angina or sudden death. Twenty-one patients with type 1, and 51 with type 2 diabetes were followed up for 39+/-12 months: 30 women and 42 men, aged 55+/-7 years with diabetes duration of 16 +/- 11 years (mean +/- SD). SMI was detected in 8 patients. Major coronary events occurred in 8 patients, 2 of whom had SMI. High CRP was found in 18 patients, 3 of whom had MCE. CRP was significantly higher in those patients with a major coronary event (1.71 +/- 1.11 versus 1.03 +/- 0.56%; p=0.048), but not in those with SMI (1.19 +/- 0.72 vs 1.09 +/- 0.67%; p=0.654). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a high CRP was associated with the risk of a major coronary event (log-rank=5.36; p=0.021), whereas SMI was not (log-rank=2.02; p=0.155). The cumulative incidence of MCE in those patients with high and low CRP was 8.08 (0.49-15.67) vs 2.15 (0.06-4.22) events per 100 patient year of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION CRP had a good predictive value for major coronary events regardless the presence of SMI. Prevention should therefore be focused primarily on patients with high CRP, wether or not they have SMI.
Field Extraction from Administrative Documents by Incremental Structural Templates

In this paper we present an incremental framework aimed at extracting field information from administrative document images in the context of a Digital Mail-room scenario. Given a single training sample in which the user has marked which fields have to be extracted from a particular document class, a document model representing structural relationships among words is built. This model is incrementally refined as the system processes more and more documents from the same class. A reformulation of the tf-idf statistic scheme allows to adjust the importance weights of the structural relationships among words. We report in the experimental section our results obtained with a large dataset of real invoices.