Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral and parenteral glutamine in bone marrow transplantation: a randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) supplemented with glutamine (GLN) has been reported to be effective for patients with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Our aim was to evaluate enteral and parenteral glutamine in patients undergoing BMT. METHODS For evaluation of GLN in BMT, 66 patients with 43 hematologic and 23 solid malignancies (21 breast carcinomas), were randomized, double-blinded, to either oral GLN (n = 35) or glycine-control (GLY) (n = 31), 10 g three times daily. When TPN became necessary, patients who received GLN orally were given TPN with GLN (0.57 g/kg). Those who received GLY received standard TPN, isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Patients with hematologic malignancies received high-dose chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and either allogeneic (ALLO) BMT (n = 18) or autologous (AUTO) stem cell transplantation (n = 25). Patients with solid malignancies (n = 23) received AUTO. RESULTS There were 14 in-hospital deaths without relationship to GLN administration. For respective comparisons of ALLO and AUTO transplants in the GLN and GLY hematologic groups and AUTO in the solid tumor groups, there were no significant differences in hospital stay, duration of stay after BMT, TPN days, neutrophil recovery >500/mm3, incidence of positive blood cultures, sepsis, mucositis, and diarrhea. Acute graft us host disease occurred in 1 of 10 hematologic patients receiving GLN and in 3 of 8 patients receiving GLY placebo (p > .05). Possible reduction in need for TPN and a suggestion of improved long-term survival were associated with GLN. CONCLUSIONS Oral and parenteral GLN seemed to be of limited benefit for patients having AUTO or ALLO BMT for hematologic or solid malignancies. Further study of long-term effects of GLN in BMT seems warranted.
GAS2 and GAS4, a Pair of Developmentally Regulated Genes Required for Spore Wall Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT The GAS multigene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of five paralogs (GAS1 to GAS5). GAS1 is the only one of these genes that has been characterized to date. It encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein functioning as aβ (1,3)-glucan elongase and required for proper cell wall assembly during vegetative growth. In this study, we characterize the roles of the GAS2 and GAS4 genes. These genes are expressed exclusively during sporulation. Their mRNA levels showed a peak at 7 h from induction of sporulation and then decreased. Gas2 and Gas4 proteins were detected and reached maximum levels between 8 and 10 h from induction of sporulation, a time roughly coincident with spore wall assembly. The double null gas2gas4 diploid mutant showed a severe reduction in the efficiency of sporulation, an increased permeability of the spores to exogenous substances, and production of inviable spores, whereas the single gas2 and gas4 null diploids were similar to the parental strain. An analysis of spore ultrastructure indicated that the loss of Gas2 and Gas4 proteins affected the proper attachment of the glucan to the chitosan layer, probably as a consequence of the lack of coherence of the glucan layer. The ectopic expression of GAS2 and GAS4 genes in a gas1 null mutant revealed that these proteins are redundant versions of Gas1p specialized to function in a compartment at a pH value close to neutral.
Coded MapReduce

MapReduce is a commonly used framework for executing data-intensive tasks on distributed server clusters. We present “Coded MapReduce”, a new framework that enables and exploits a particular form of coding to significantly reduce the inter-server communication load of MapReduce. In particular, Coded MapReduce exploits the repetitive mapping of data blocks at different servers to create coded multicasting opportunities in the shuffling phase, cutting down the total communication load by a multiplicative factor that grows linearly with the number of servers in the cluster. We also analyze the tradeoff between the “computation load” and the “communication load” of the Coded MapReduce.
Title Robust recovery of shapes with unknown topology from the dualspace

In this paper, we address the problem of reconstructing an object surface from silhouettes. Previous works by other authors have shown that, based on the principle of duality, surface points can be recovered, theoretically, as the dual to the tangent plane space of the object. In practice, however, the identification of tangent basis in the tangent plane space is not trivial given a set of discretely sampled data. This problem is further complicated by the existence of bitangents to the object surface. The key contribution of this paper is the introduction of epipolar parameterization in identifying a well-defined local tangent basis. This extends the applicability of existing dual space reconstruction methods to fairly complicated shapes without making any explicit assumption on the object topology. We verify our approach with both synthetic and real-world data and compare it both qualitatively and quantitatively with other popular reconstruction algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach produces more accurate estimation while maintaining reasonable robustness toward shapes with complex topologies.
Crystal Structure of the Largest Subunit of a Bacterial RNA-guided Immune Complex and Its Role in DNA Target Binding*

Background: Cascade is a prokaryotic immune complex that targets foreign DNA. Results: We present the crystal structure of CasA, the largest subunit of Cascade, and analyze its contribution to DNA target binding. Conclusion: CasA is necessary for the DNA target binding by Cascade. Significance: Learning how each subunit of Cascade functions is crucial for understanding how this immune complex works. Prokaryotes make use of small RNAs encoded by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) loci to provide immunity against bacteriophage or plasmid invasion. In Escherichia coli, the CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (Cascade) utilizes these RNAs to target foreign DNA for destruction. CasA, the largest subunit of Cascade, is essential for its function. Here we report the crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus CasA. The structure is composed of two domains that are arranged in a chair-like conformation with a novel fold forming the larger N-terminal domain. Docking of the crystal structure into cryo-electron microscopy maps reveals two loops in CasA that likely have important functions in DNA target binding. Finally, DNA binding experiments show that CasA is essential for binding of Cascade to DNA target.
Estimating Total Cerebral Microinfarct Burden From Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

Background and Purpose— Cerebral microinfarcts (CMI) are important contributors to vascular cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities have been suggested to represent acute CMI. We aim to describe a mathematical method for estimating total number of CMI based on the presence of incidental DWI lesions. Methods— We reviewed magnetic resonance imaging scans of subjects with cognitive decline, cognitively normal subjects and previously reported subjects with past intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Based on temporal and spatial characteristics of DWI lesions, we estimated the annual rate of CMI needed to explain the observed rate of DWI lesion detection in each group. To confirm our estimates, we performed extensive sampling for CMI in the brain of a deceased subject with past lobar ICH who found to have a DWI lesion during life. Results— Clinically silent DWI lesions were present in 13 of 343 (3.8%) cognitively impaired and 10 of 199 (5%) cognitively intact normal non-ICH patients, both lower than the incidence in the past ICH patients (23 of 178; 12.9%; P<0.0006). The predicted annual incidence of CMI ranges from 16 to 1566 for non-ICH and 50 to 5041 for ICH individuals. Histological sampling revealed a total of 60 lesions in 32 sections. Based on previously reported methods, this density of CMI yields an estimated total brain burden maximum likelihood estimate of 9321 CMIs (95% confidence interval, 7255–11 990). Conclusions— Detecting even a single DWI lesion suggests an annual incidence of hundreds of new CMI. The cumulative effects of these lesions may directly contribute to small-vessel–related vascular cognitive impairment.
The Influence of Competing Hydroclimate Processes on Stable Isotope Ratios in Tropical Rainfall

In tropical paleoclimate studies, paleo‐precipitation is often reconstructed from proxies via the “amount effect,” that is, the empirical inverse relationship between local precipitation amount (P) and the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18OP). However, recent research has illustrated numerous microphysical and dynamical controls on δ18OP that do not necessarily covary with P, complicating the reconstruction of circulation features like the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Here we introduce a new conceptual and statistical model for δ18OP that better captures the physical foundations for δ18OP as a tracer of hydrological balance. We find that bulk precipitation microphysics and cloud type exert comparable influences on δ18OP. Moisture transport plays an important secondary role in regions of deep atmospheric convection such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool. Our findings help reconcile conflicting interpretations of Intertropical Convergence Zone excursions, and provide a firm physical grounding for more nuanced, accurate interpretations of past hydroclimate using water isotope proxies.
The eﬀect of cold hands on immediate responder’s tourniquet application ability: A within-group trial

Introduction: Cold exposure generally has a negative eﬀect on tasks that rely on ﬁnger dexterity. It is not known if cold exposure will aﬀect immediate responder’s ability to perform ﬁrst aid for life-threatening bleedings, specifically tourniquet application. Study objective: This study investigates the eﬀect of cold exposure on immediate responder’s tourniquet application ability and their experienced stress. Methods: 29 adult participants completed a tourniquet application test in a baseline condition and three partial cold immersion conditions where their hands were immersed in near 0 °C water. The three conditions lowered the participant’s hand-skin temperature to 16 °C, 12 °C and 8 °C, respectively. Tourniquet application was conducted on the leg of a rescue manikin and was measured using a procedural checklist. Time until bleeding control and total application time was also measured. Stress was measured using the Short Stress State Questionnaire. Results: The results show that cold exposure, speciﬁcally lowering hand-skin temperature to 8 °C, signiﬁcantly increases the time to bleeding control (Baseline: M 65.5 s, SD 17.0 s; 8 °C: M 76.9 s, SD 19.6 s) and total application time (Baseline: M 77.1 s, SD 18.0 s; 8 °C: M 89.6 s, SD 21.3 s). No eﬀect was found on application quality in any of the cold exposure conditions. The experience of stress regarding the application of tourniquets in cold conditions showed an increase in task engagement (Normalized change score 0.87, 95% CI [0.55, 1.19]), a decrease in worry (Normalized change score -1.01, 95% CI [-1.35, -0.67]) and no change in distress (Normalized change score -0.02, 95% CI [-0.45, 0.41]). Conclusion: Cold exposure can decrease the chance of survival for the injured person when an immediate re-sponder provides ﬁrst aid for a massive bleed. Future research should be aimed at ﬁnding suitable mitigation strategies for the eﬀect and testing their viability in the presence of additional stressors.
Modelling swelling eﬀects during coﬀee extraction with smoothed particle hydrodynamics

It is commonly assumed that coffee particles swell during ﬁltration, but it has not been clariﬁed how different degrees of swelling affect the extraction. In this article, we propose a grain swelling model to investigate the inﬂuences of swelling on both intra-grain and inter-grain transport. The swelling is modelled through a diffusion process of excess water into the grains. The geometric expansion of the grains is connected to the local concentration of excess water through a speciﬁed deformation gradient tensor. Diffusion of soluble compounds inside the grains is coupled with the swelling dynamics through a modiﬁed diffusion equation. Inter-grain transport is modelled by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and diffusion equations. This model is solved numerically in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and it is used to simulate the extraction of a minimal coffee bed setup, and to investigate the effect of a small degree of particle swelling ( < 8% in size) on the extraction kinetics. It is found that under the normal operating parameter regime of espresso ﬁltration, swelling affects the extraction mainly through the change of inter-grain transport. Swelling also alters the diffusion inside the grains, but this process has a secondary effect on the extraction. In general, swelling slightly impedes the extraction rate, but enhances the strength considerably at both ﬁxed brewing time and ﬁxed brewing volume. Our results justify the endeavour in the literatures to clarify the effect of possible swelling on brewing and preparation variables during coffee extraction.
1 Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a technique for direct visual inspection of internal joint structures, including biopsy and other surgical procedures performed under visual control. In 1918 Takagi first described arthroscopy of the knee joint examinations using cystoscope (Tag, 1939). Onishi in 1970 was the first to report arthroscopy of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the first results were published by him (Onishi, 1975, 1980). The progress in research and applications of TMJ arthroscopy in joint disease have led to the acceptance of small operative procedures as a safe, minimally invasive means of effectively treating a number of intra-articular and degenerative TMJ problems (McCain, 1992; Holmlund &Axelsson, 1996; Holmlund et al., 2001). Arthroscopic surgery has been an effective treatment for TMJ disorders refractory to nonsurgical treatments ( Ohnuki et al., 2003; Gonzalez-Garcia et al., 2008, Leibur et al., 2010). TMJ arthroscopy has been variously reported as successful in up to 80% of cases where outcome of arthroscopic surgery to the TMJ correlates with the stage of internal derangement (K. Murakami et al., 2000; Sanroman, 2004). Studies have been variable in their scientific method and some long-term outcomes studies have been completed where both quality of life and functional outcome have been assessed (Voog et al., 2003a; Undt et al., 2006; Jagur et al., 2011). For enabling direct comparison of the clinical results following arthroscopic surgery and open surgery a retrospective study comparing two centers ́ results using the Jaw Pain and Function Questionnaire ( Clark et al., 1989) has been performed and these treatment results of open surgery were comparable with arthroscopic treatment results (Undt et al., 2006).
THE ANTICIPATED SUPERNOVA ASSOCIATED WITH GRB 090618

We use the cannonball model of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and public data from the first day of observations of GRB 090618 to predict its X-ray and optical light curves until very late times, and, in particular, the emergence of a photometric and spectroscopic signature of an SN akin to SN1998bw in its optical afterglow with an anticipated peak brightness of magnitude ∼23.2 in the R band around 2009 July 10, if extinction in the host galaxy can be neglected.
Baryon octet to decuplet electromagnetic transitions.

The electromagnetic transition moments of the SU(3)-flavor baryon octet to decuplet are examined within a lattice simulation of quenched QCD. The magnetic transition moment for the N γ ↔ Δ channel is found to be in agreement with recent experimental analyses. The lattice results indicate μ pΔ /μ p = 0.88(15). In terms of the Particle Data Group convention, f M1 = 0.231(41) GeV −1/2 for pγ ↔ Δ + transitions. Lattice predictions for the hyperon M1 transition moments agree with those of a simple quark model. However the manner in which the quarks contribute to the transition moments in the lattice simulation is different from that anticipated by quark model calculations. The scalar quadrupole form factor exhibits a behavior consistent with previous multipole analyses
Assessing IGS Network and Free Web-Based Online GPS Services Accuracy with Session-Duration Variation

: Background: The objective of this research was to evaluate online Post-Processing Services (PPSs) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) software in order to determine the significance of space geodesy techniques in assessing accurate coordinates for mega projects worldwide. Methods: Principally, literature in the field of space geodesy techniques was assembled and scrutinized. Trimble R4 was utilized to observe 4 ground surfaces ( i.e ., asphalt, grass, sand and concrete), in Al-Azhar University, throughout 5 Session-Durations “SD” ( i.e ., 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hr.). The observed results were processed by TBC ( i.e ., It utilizes the International GNSS Service “IGS” network) and by 3 online services ( i.e ., Trimble Center Point RTX, AUSPOS and CSRS-PPP). Results were obtained, contrasted, and analyzed. Results: The IGS results were compared in terms of SD, where it was clear that, regardless of surface type, SD has an insignificant influence on Easting, as Northing, but has an influence on elevation accuracy, especially for the 2hr-SD. In addition, the 3 online software services were contrasted against IGS results in terms of the different SDs, where it was clear that, regardless of the surface type, AUSPOS, CSRS-PPP and Trimble-RTX accuracies were arranged in ascending order, the 3hr-SD achieved accurate Easting so as Northing; while IGS 5hr-SD provided optimal elevation accuracy. Conclusion: Accordingly, the research recommended that GNSS users make informed decisions according to the accuracy requirements due to time constraints while establishing data processing strategies to designate strengths and weaknesses of processing and to optimize GNSS data processing applications
Puberty, aging and HRT Urinary gonadotropin assay on 24-h collections as a tool to detect early central puberty onset in girls: determination of predictive thresholds

STUDY QUESTION: Is the 24-h urinary gonadotropin assay an effective diagnostic tool in central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls? SUMMARY ANSWER: This study is the first to provide 24-h urinary gonadotropin assay data, using an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (CMIA), and to report its usefulness as a tool for the diagnosis of CPP. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Data about the
Youth Motorcycle-Related Hospitalizations and Traumatic Brain Injuries in the United States in 2006

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to provide national injury and health care cost estimates for youth motorcycle injuries in traffic and nontraffic settings and to focus on the burden of serious motorcycle-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children and young adults. METHODS: The 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database is a sample of inpatient discharges for US patients <21 years of age from 38 states. This cross-sectional analysis of the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database included comparisons of TBI versus non-TBI and traffic versus nontraffic motorcycle-related crashes for ages 12 to 20, with national estimates of hospital charges and costs, length of stay, severity, and long-term disability rates. RESULTS: Motorcycle-related crashes accounted for 5662 discharges (95% confidence interval: 5201–6122 discharges), which amounts to 3% of injury hospitalizations among youths and 5% of TBI diagnoses; two-thirds of cases were traffic-related, and one-third of patients sustained a TBI (1793 patients [95% confidence interval: 1631–1955 patients]). Among patients with TBIs, the overall probability of long-term disability was 24%. Patients with TBIs were 3.6 times more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility and >10 times more likely to die in the hospital than were patients without TBIs. CONCLUSIONS: Motorcycle injuries are a substantial cause of youth injury hospitalizations. The large proportion, costs, and morbidity of TBI diagnoses in youth motorcycle crashes emphasize the need for effective crash prevention and head protection.
Identification of independent risk factors for restenosis following bare-metal stent implantation: Role of bare-metal stents in the era of drug-eluting stents

In the era of drug-eluting stents (DESs), the ability of clinicians to predict which patients have a low risk of coronary restenosis following bare-metal stent (BMS) implantion is likely to be of benefit. The study population consisted of 2,711 patients who underwent BMS implantation in 3,770 lesions between 1995 and 2004. With clinical and 6 month follow-up angiographic data, we retrospectively sought to identify the independent risk predictors of restenosis, applied a previously proposed prediction model and assessed the characteristics of patients with a low likelihood of coronary restenosis within 6 months of BMS implantation. A 6-month follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 65.0% of the patients who had undergone the BMS implantation and the rate of restenosis was 26.6%. Using multivariate analysis, diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 1.294; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.094–1.483; P=0.005], current smoking (OR, 1.294; 95% CI, 1.094–1.483; P=0.002), a reference vessel diameter of <3.25 mm (OR, 1.238; 95% CI, 1.021–1.501; P<0.001), a lesion length of >30 mm (OR, 1.645; 95% CI, 1.336–2.026; P<0.001), ostial lesion (OR, 1.858; 95% CI, 1.437–2.402; P<0.001), post-stenting minimal luminal diameter (OR, 0.576; 95% CI, 0.484–0.685; P<0.001) and bifurcation lesion (OR, 1.353; 95% CI, 1.070–1.711; P=0.012) were identified as significant independent predictors of restenosis. However, the accuracy of the prediction obtained with the current model, which used the clinical and angiographic variables correlated with the risk of restenosis, was poor. Various clinical and angiographic independent risk variables were revealed to be correlated with the risk of restenosis following BMS implantation in the present large dataset. Certain groups of patients with a relatively low risk of restenosis may be considered for BMS implantation as an alternative to DESs. However, the prediction models used at present are incomplete and further studies are required.
Reduction of exercise‐induced asthma oxidative stress by lycopene, a natural antioxidant

Background: Lycopene has previously been shown to have high antioxidative activity. In view of the controversy regarding the beneficial effect of antioxidants on asthma, the acute effects of lycopene (LYC‐O‐MATOTM) on airway hyperreactivity were assessed in patients with exercise‐induced asthma (EIA).
Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Using a Small and Interpretable Set of Judgment and Demographic Variables: Cross-Sectional Cognitive Science Study

Background: Despite COVID-19 vaccine mandates, many chose to forgo vaccination, raising questions about the psychology underlying how judgment affects these choices. Research shows that reward and aversion judgments are important for vaccination choice; however, no studies have integrated such cognitive science with machine learning to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake . Objective: This study aims to determine the predictive power of a small but interpretable set of judgment variables using 3 machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 vaccine uptake and interpret what profile of judgment variables was important for prediction. Methods: We surveyed 3476 adults across the United States in December 2021. Participants answered demographic, COVID-19 vaccine uptake (ie, whether participants were fully vaccinated), and COVID-19 precaution questions. Participants also completed a picture-rating task using images