Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the yield of psychotherapy research

Abstract Objective: Although the effectiveness of psychotherapy is well documented, little progress has been made in elucidating mechanisms of change. Major impediments to progress are the homogeneity assumptions evident in many psychotherapy studies. Case-specific research strategies avoid treating patients, therapists, and treatments as homogeneous variables and such studies are more successful at elucidating the link between psychotherapy processes and treatment outcome. Method: A case-specific, process-outcome study comprised of 39 patients treated by experienced therapists is presented. We did not focus on a supposedly homogeneous diagnostic group of patients (e.g., depressed patients) or particular manualized brands of therapy. Instead, we identified each patient's particular problems and conflicts (plan formulation) and then determined the degree to which therapists effectively addressed the patient's problems—that is, the degree to which therapists' interventions were compatible with (i.e., responsive to) the patient's plan. Results: Correlations between ratings of therapist responsiveness (plan compatibility of interventions) and a variety of outcome assessments were significant and substantial (accounting on average for 25% of outcome variance). Conclusion: The findings presented here suggest that the extent to which therapists are responsive to their patients' plans is a strong predictor of treatment outcome and of patients feeling positively about their therapy experience.
Whither Tradition?

This study explores the antecedents and complexities of values of employees and organizations in Pakistan where, following a decade of deregulation and increased globalization, a striking change has surfaced in the value system. Khilji’s study has revealed that at least two distinct dimensions of values have emerged: national values remain rooted in tradition, while employees’ work-related values reveal changes reflecting a modern market economy. Taking a lead from this study, a total of 100 interviews and 303 questionnaires from six organizations are used to investigate the process and outcome of revamping HR systems in order to develop a new organizational culture. Findings validate that a younger cohort of employees, in particular, has experienced a transition in their value system; and that they expect a different set of HR practices. Organizations that are responsive to these changes appear to achieve greater HR satisfaction. It is suggested that senior managers should re-assess values of their employees and play a more committed role in developing new HR systems.
Rural Women’s Skill Acquisition in the Processing of Locust Bean in Ipokia Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

: This study was carried out to assess rural women’s skill acquisition in the processing of locust bean in Ipokia Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 90 women locust bean processors for this study. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result showed that the mean age of respondents was 40.72 years. Most (70.00%) of the respondents were married. The mean processing experience was 8.63 years. 93.30% of the respondents relied on information from fellow locust beans processors and friends. All (100%) the respondents did not acquire improved processing skill through trainings and workshops. It can be concluded that the rural women’s skill acquisition on modernized processing techniques was generally low. It is hereby recommend that the rural women processors should be trained by extension service providers through series of workshops and seminars on improved processing techniques.
Processing costs when reading short message service shortcuts: An eye-tracking study

Short Message Service (SMS) messaging is associated with a variety of ‘textisms’, shortened words and other nonstandard spellings. Two such shortcuts, orthographic (e.g., deleting vowels) and phonological (e.g., sound-based respellings) abbreviations, have been associated with negative effects on reading in adults. The current study used eye tracking to investigate reading of English SMS messages with and without such shortcuts. Thirty young adults read sentences containing phonological, orthographic or mixed textisms, along with standard English sentences. Reading time, average fixation duration and total fixation count were measured. Sentences in standard English were associated with significantly faster reading times compared to the three textism conditions, with no difference between the textism types. Fewer fixations were made on standard English sentences and on sentences with phonological textisms. There was no association between the reading measures and participants' use of textisms, texting frequency or keypad preference. Although the processing cost was modest, the results support the view that sentences with texting shortcuts are harder to read than standard sentences in English.
Negotiation of entitlement in proposal sequences

Meetings are complex institutional events at which participants recurrently negotiate institutional roles, which are oriented to, renegotiated, and sometimes challenged. With a view to gaining further understanding of the ongoing negotiation of roles at meetings, this article examines one specific recurring feature of meetings: the act of proposing future action. Based on microanalysis of video recordings of two-party strategy meetings, the study shows that participants orient to at least two aspects when making proposals: 1) the acceptance or rejection of the proposal; and 2) questions of entitlement: who is entitled to launch a proposal, and who is entitled to accept or reject it? The study argues that there is a close interrelation between questions of entitlement, aligning and affiliating moves, and the negotiation of institutional roles. The multimodal analysis also reveals the use of various embodied practices by participants for the local negotiation of entitlement and institutional roles.
On Wavelet-Based Numerical Homogenization

Recently, a wavelet-based method was introduced for the systematic derivation of subgrid scale models in the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Starting from a discretization of the multiscale differential operator, the discrete operator is represented in a wavelet space and projected onto a coarser subspace. The coarse (homogenized) operator is then replaced by a sparse approximation to increase the efficiency of the resulting algorithm.In this work we show how to improve the efficiency of this numerical homogenization method by choosing a different compact representation of the homogenized operator. In two dimensions our approach for obtaining a sparse representation is significantly simpler than the alternative sparse representations. $L^{\infty}$ error estimates are derived for a sample elliptic problem. An additional improvement we propose is a natural fine-scales correction that can be implemented in the final homogenization step. This modification of the scheme improves the resol.
Long-Term Care over an Uncertain Future: What Can Current Retirees Expect?

The leading edge of the baby boom generation is nearing retirement and facing uncertainty about its need for long-term care (LTC). Using a microsimulation model, this analysis projected that people currently turning age 65 will need LTC for three years on average. An important share of needed care will be covered by public programs and some private insurance, but much of the care will be an uninsured private responsibility of individuals and their families—a responsibility that will be distributed unequally. While over a third of those now turning 65 are projected to never receive family care, three out of 10 will rely on family care for more than two years. Similarly, half of people turning 65 will have no private out-of-pocket expenditures for LTC, while more than one in 20 are projected to spend $100,000 or more of their own money (in present discounted value). Policy debate that focuses only on income security and acute care—and the corresponding Social Security and Medicare programs—misses the third, largely private, risk that retirees face: that of needing LTC.
How far does ‘societal security’ travel? Securitization in South African immigration policies

Responding to political developments in Europe during the 1990s, the Copenhagen School drew on speech act theory to argue that state leaders represent certain issues, including immigration, as existential threats to society. Two decades of friendly amendments and vociferous critiques have raised questions about how well the Copenhagen School’s core concept of ‘societal security’ travels outside Europe. To assess the scope of this ‘securitization’ framework more systematically, we examine South Africa, a democracy that recently liberalized its immigration policies despite ethno-nationalist and racist traditions. Specifically, we test four claims: (1) that official discourses will target certain foreigners as an existential threat to collective identity; (2) that bureaucracies will consistently institutionalize these discourses; (3) that identity-oriented groups will be crucial to any societal contestation over these discourses; and (4) that successful securitization produces regionalization. These securitization claims hold up well, even though the nature of threats to societal security shift over time. Keeping in mind that no theory is without weaknesses, we recommend wider integration of the societal security concept into comparative studies of immigration policy, especially in democracies outside Europe.
In-System Programming Outer-Chip Flash of DSP with Ethernet Interface

The traditional design of in-system programming (ISP) Flash via RS232 interface is too slow. To solve the problem, the author provides a new method for ISP outer-chip Flash of DSP using Ethernet interface with a kind of special UDP broadcast packages. The TCP/IP stack is not required in this design. Practice shows that this ISP method with less resource occupying and very high programming speed, is a good solution to system debug and update.
Meronymy Extraction Using An Automated Theorem Prover

In this paper we present a truly semantic-oriented approach for meronymy relation extraction. It directly operates, instead of syntactic trees or surface representations, on semantic networks (SNs). These SNs are derived from texts (in our case, the German Wikipedia) by a deep linguistic syntactico-se(cid:127) mantic analysis. The extraction of meronym/holonym pairs is carried out by using, among other components, an automated theorem prover, whose work is based on a set of logical axioms. The corresponding algorithm is combined with a shallow approach enriched with semantic information. Through the employment of logical methods, the recall and precision of the semantic patterns pertinent to the extracted relations can be increased considerably.
Further assessments of a three-component model of occupational commitment : Generalizability and differences across occupations

The authors assessed the factor structure of J. P. Meyer, N. J. Allen, and C. A. Smith's (1993) measure of occupational commitment based on responses from 232 employees (166 men and 66 women) in a variety of occupations within a single organization. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that 3 forms of occupational commitment are distinguishable (affective, continuance, and normative commitment) across occupations. The authors also examined correlates of the 3-component model as well as differences in occupational commitment levels across occupations. The 3 forms of occupational commitment relate differentially to a variety of variables, providing further evidence for the construct validity of J. P. Meyer et al.'s model.
Spreading of the Tears After a Blink: Velocity and Stabilization Time in Healthy Eyes

Purpose. To quantify the tear spreading velocity and stabilization time after blinks in healthy patients. Methods. Video recordings (magnification, ×130) were made of the movements of naturally occurring particles in the tear film while patients blinked naturally. After each blink, tear spreading velocity was computed every 40 milliseconds from particle displacements determined from a frame-by-frame analysis of the records. Results. After a blink, tears moved rapidly upward over the cornea. Forty milliseconds after passage of the lid, the velocity was 7.34 ± 2.73 mm/s (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20). The time to tear stabilization (i.e., zero velocity) was 1.05 ± 0.30 seconds. The decay of spreading velocity with time was well described by a logarithmic function for all individual patient data (R2 range, 0.88–0.99;n = 20). We have shown that initial velocity and stabilization time are independent descriptors of tear spreading. Meibomian gland expression markedly reduced initial velocity leaving a normal stabilization time, whereas inhalation of an irritant reduced stabilization time leaving a normal initial velocity. In a patient with Sjögren syndrome, punctal plugs rapidly restored initial velocity and stabilization time from near zero values to normal values. Conclusion. We provide normal values for two descriptors of tear spreading, namely initial velocity and time to stabilization. These values can be modified by manipulations that alter tear constituents. Consequently, these descriptors may provide a basis for quantitative, noninvasive tear assessment.
Understanding the Hiring of Women and Minorities in Educational Institutions.

The conditions under which women and minorities were hired for managerial positions in higher education administration were studied using data on 821 institutions from the 1978 and 1983 College and University Personnel Association's annual compensation surveys. The percentage of women in a particular job across institutions, the percentage of women in all the administrative positions in an institution, and the fact that the previous occupant of the position was a woman all had a positive, unique effect on the odds that a new hire was a woman. The effects of minority composition on the hiring of minorities were similar.
A validational study of the test of pretend play using correlational and classificational analyses

This study examined the validity of the test of pretend play (ToPP) which assesses symbolic ability in pre-school children. ToPP and the language subtest of FirstSTEP were administered to 58 children recruited from regional nurseries in Australia. ToPP scores were significantly correlated with age and language scores. In addition, a classificational analysis found that ToPP successfully identified 75.8% of the children as either ‘normal’ or having ‘developmental problems’, and detected 80% of those with ‘developmental problems’. These results suggest that ToPP has the potential to become a useful screening test in the identification of children with developmental delay
Reading gender futures, from Comte to Baudrillard

The central question concerning the future of masculinity is whether the current matrix of distributions of roles and status, praxes and practices, will remain intact or whether a shift to a new configuration will occur. This essay briefly examines thinking on masculinity in two French attempts to theorize the future of relations between men and women: that of Auguste Comte, at the beginning of sociology, and Jean Baudrillard at the end of sociology. Both have, in their time, predicted radical gender futures. The essay considers these theories against changes in social structures and the effectivity social movements.
Localization of cis-acting sequences in the latency-related promoter of bovine herpesvirus 1 which are regulated by neuronal cell type factors and immediate-early genes

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. During a latent infection, a single latency-related (LR) transcript is expressed. This observation suggested that DNA sequences in the LR promoter are positively regulated by neural cell type factors. The regulation of the LR gene was examined in neural cells as well as nonneural cells in transient assays. A 258-bp XbaI-SphI fragment from the LR promoter cis activated the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase promoter in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells and differentiated human (HCN1A) neurons. In contrast, cis activation was not observed with rat (Rat-2) fibroblasts, undifferentiated HCN1A cells, or bovine turbinate cells. Treatment of PC-12 cells with nerve growth factor increased transcriptional activity of the XbaI-SphI fragment. Exonuclease III footprinting experiments suggested that nuclear factors bind to the XbaI-SphI fragment. The immediate-early genes of BHV-1 trans activated the LR promoter, and DNA sequences 5' to the XbaI-SphI fragment were necessary for maximal stimulation. These results imply that neural-cell-type-specific factors and BHV-1 immediate-early genes positively regulate LR gene expression.
Relationship Between Guest Experience, Personality Characteristics, and Satisfaction: moderating Effect of Extraversion and Openness to Experience

Based on the experience economy concept, this study develops a model that incorporates guest experiences, satisfaction, return intention, word of mouth (WOM), and personality traits. Quasiexperimental design has been used with the manipulation of different experience scenarios. This allows for the testing of causal relationships between the different types of experiences and the three dependent variables of satisfaction, return intention, and WOM. The final elements of the proposed model are personality traits measured using the “Big Five” model. MANOVA was utilized to test the effect of manipulations on the dependent variables. Additionally, the moderating effect of openness to experience and extraversion was tested. The second stage involved the creation of a structural equation model that tested the relationship between four different experience dimensions
Width Dependence of Inherent TM-Mode Lateral Leakage Loss in Silicon-On-Insulator Ridge Waveguides

We report the first experimental observation in the optical domain of a dramatic width-dependent lateral leakage loss behavior for the TM-like mode of tight vertical confinement ridge waveguides formed in silicon-on-insulator. The lateral leakage loss displays a series of sharp cyclic minima at precise waveguide widths, and appears to be inherent to waveguide geometries of central importance to a wide variety of active devices in silicon photonics requiring lateral electrical access. This behavior is not predicted by the often-used effective-index-based methods, but is understood phenomenologically and also compared to prior numerical analysis and predictions of leaky mode behavior. It is shown that TM-like mode operation, critical to the operation of some active component designs, will require precision control of waveguide dimensions to achieve high performance
Matching Strategies and Strategy Making: Process, Content, and Performance

The relationships between Porter's (1980) business strategies and the process of strategy making are investigated. The complexity of a strategy is shown to be associated with the intensity of information processing and managerial interaction used in its development and implementation. Porter's strategy of innovative differentiation related significantly to information processing, interaction, and assertiveness in strategy making, especially among the most profitable firms, cost leadership had very few notable associations with decision making, and focus strategies related inversely to information processing.
Cloning the Blairs: New Labour's programme for the re-socialization of working-class parents

In his speech to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) in July 1999, the UK Secretary of State for Education, David Blunkett, set out New Labour's vision for a system of education in which there is ‘excellence for the many not just the few’. He outlined what is essentially a bi-focal strategy for achieving this vision. The first focus is on the education system itself, the structures and practices that New Labour believes need to be in place if schools and services are going to meet the needs of all children and not just a privileged minority. The second focus is on the need to promote ‘a culture of achievement’, as, according to Blunkett, the vision ‘depends on changing attitudes as well as the system itself’. This paper focuses on this second strategy, more specifically the government's attempts to change the attitudes of parents. It is argued that this strategy aims to eradicate class differences by reconstructing and transforming working-class parents into middle-class ones, that it represents possibly the most important and far-reaching aspect of New Labour's policy agenda, and that it has not so far received the attention it deserves. The paper is in two parts. The first part sets out what is involved in New Labour's programme of re-socialization and explores the mechanisms by which New Labour is attempting to universalize the values, attitudes and behaviour of a certain fraction of middle-class parents. The second part develops a critique of this programme.
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER GAME CULTURES A situated approach

This article uses data and theory from psychological and sociological sources in order to examine computer gamers engagement with computer games. The article employs data from studies of gender difference in computer game interactions in order to theoretically open up the rich diversity of gamers interactions with games. The theoretical discussion employs a mix of psychological ideas, especially those of affordances, effectivities and attunement, with ideas from cultural studies, especially those of subject positions and preferred readings. The article argues that gaming needs to be viewed as an activity taking place in cultural niches that arise in the complex interaction between games, gamers and gaming cultures.
The Jackson Personality Inventory and the five-factor model of personality.

Abstract This article describes the results of several analyses of structure underlying the personality variables of the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI; Jackson, 1976, 1994). Ten different data sets showed that, when three of the JPI scales were removed from the analyses, a very clear five-factor structure emerged. The five factors more or less resembled the well-known Big Five dimensions of personality. Somewhat at variance with the Big Five structure, however, was the tendency of our Conscientiousness factor to split into dependability and organization components. Furthermore, not all JPI variables found a place in the Big Five factor space. Risk Taking, Energy Level, and Value Orthodoxy were sufficiently independent of the obtained factors to suggest that those variables might define separate factors in their own domains.
Accurate Circuit Modeling of Fishnet Structures for Negative-Index-Medium Applications

Metallic plates with a two-dimensional (2D) periodic distribution of sub-wavelength apertures are known to exhibit extraordinary transmission of electromagnetic waves. Stacking two or more of such plates gives place to the so-called fishnet structures, which constitute a popular way of achieving an effective negative index medium at frequencies ranging from microwaves to optics. Unfortunately, a general wideband equivalent circuit has not yet been proposed to facilitate its understanding and design. This work presents this circuit model with closed-form expressions for the circuit elements, thus making it possible to obtain the electrical response for this class of structures in a very efficient way. This procedure is much faster than alternative numerical methods at the same time that it retains a high level of accuracy when compared with some other oversimplified models. The circuit model also provides a simple rationale as well as a good physical insight in order to explain the qualitative behavior of such structures, independently of the number of stacked layers.