Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computerized Cognitive Training for Amelioration of Cognitive Late Effects Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE Children receiving CNS-directed therapy for cancer are at risk for cognitive problems, with few available empirically supported interventions. Cognitive problems indicate neurodevelopmental disruption that may be modifiable with intervention. This study evaluated short-term efficacy of a computerized cognitive training program and neural correlates of cognitive change. PATIENT AND METHODS A total of 68 survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or brain tumor (BT) with identified cognitive deficits were randomly assigned to computerized cognitive intervention (male, n = 18; female, n = 16; ALL, n = 23; BT, n = 11; mean age ± standard deviation, 12.21 ± 2.47 years) or waitlist (male, n = 18; female, n = 16; ALL, n = 24; BT, n = 10; median age ± standard deviation, 11.82 ± 2.42 years). Intervention participants were asked to complete 25 training sessions at home with weekly, telephone-based coaching. Cognitive assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (intervention group) were completed pre- and postintervention, with immediate change in spatial span backward as the primary outcome. RESULTS Survivors completing the intervention (n = 30; 88%) demonstrated greater improvement than controls on measures of working memory (mean ± SEM; eg, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children [fourth edition; WISC-IV] spatial span backward, 3.13 ± 0.58 v 0.75 ± 0.43; P = .002; effect size [ES], 0.84), attention (eg, WISC-IV spatial span forward, 3.30 ± 0.71 v 1.25 ± 0.39; P = .01; ES, 0.65), and processing speed (eg, Conners' Continuous Performance Test hit reaction time, -2.10 ± 1.47 v 2.54 ± 1.25; P = .02; ES, .61) and showed greater reductions in reported executive dysfunction (eg, Conners' Parent Rating Scale III, -6.73 ± 1.51 v 0.41 ± 1.53; P = .002; ES, 0.84). Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant pre- to post-training reduction in activation of left lateral prefrontal and bilateral medial frontal areas. CONCLUSION Study findings show computerized cognitive training is feasible and efficacious for childhood cancer survivors, with evidence for training-related neuroplasticity.
Racial-ethnic disparities in use of antidepressants in private coverage: implications for the Affordable Care Act.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine racial-ethnic disparities in the use of antidepressants among people with private coverage and people with public insurance or no coverage. METHODS Data were from Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (2006-2010), and logistic regression was used for the analysis. RESULTS Among persons with depression and private coverage, racial-ethnic minority groups were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic whites to use antidepressants (N=4,468; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]=.33-.66 for non-Hispanic blacks; AOR=.70, CI=.55-.89 for Hispanics). No significant racial-ethnic disparity in the use of antidepressants was found in Medicare (N=1,944), Medicaid (N=2,125), and uninsured populations (N=1,679). For all racial-ethnic groups, persons with no insurance coverage had much lower rates of antidepressant use than their insured counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A wide racial-ethnic gap in the use of antidepressants existed in private coverage. As the nation continues to implement the Affordable Care Act, which will increase the number of enrollees from racial-ethnic minority groups in private plans, continuing efforts will be needed to reduce racial-ethnic disparities in the use of antidepressants.
THE DISSOCIATIVE SUBTYPE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: RATIONALE, CLINICAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE, AND IMPLICATIONS

Clinical and neurobiological evidence for a dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently been documented. A dissociative subtype of PTSD is being considered for inclusion in the forthcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) to address the symptoms of depersonalization and derealization found among a subset of patients with PTSD. This article reviews research related to the dissociative subtype including antecedent, concurrent, and predictive validators as well as the rationale for recommending the dissociative subtype.
A review of potential methods of determining critical effect size for designing environmental monitoring programs

The effective design of field studies requires that sample size requirements be estimated for important endpoints before conducting assessments. This a priori calculation of sample size requires initial estimates for the variability of the endpoints of interest, decisions regarding significance levels and the power desired, and identification of an effect size to be detected. Although many programs have called for use of critical effect sizes (CES) in the design of monitoring programs, few attempts have been made to define them. This paper reviews approaches that have been or could be used to set specific CES. The ideal method for setting CES would be to define the level of protection that prevents ecologically relevant impacts and to set a warning level of change that would be more sensitive than that CES level to provide a margin of safety; however, few examples of this approach being applied exist. Program‐specific CES could be developed through the use of numbers based on regulatory or detection limits, a number defined through stakeholder negotiation, estimates of the ranges of reference data, or calculation from the distribution of data using frequency plots or multivariate techniques. The CES that have been defined often are consistent with a CES of approximately 25%, or two standard deviations, for many biological or ecological monitoring endpoints, and this value appears to be reasonable for use in a wide variety of monitoring programs and with a wide variety of endpoints.
Management of patients with heart failure

The treatment of heart failure (HF) has advanced greatly in recent decades. Today, based on evidence, it includes beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and spironolactone. For symptomatic patients, we must add a diuretic and/or digitalis. For these medications to be effective they must be used in full doses. The objective of this study was the correct treatment modifies the natural history of the disease, reducing its morbidity and mortality. To check its effectiveness, symptoms reduction, reversal of, increase of ejection fraction and reduction of heart rate are assessed. When there is no improvement of these characteristics, or the treatment is inadequate and must be improved, or the clinical picture is very serious, there is a poor prognosis. Early detection of HF allows measures to be taken in order to modify the natural history of the disease. Thus, we should encourage the correct treatment since early stages of the disease, preventing progression to advanced and refractory forms. (AU) O tratamento da insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) avancou muito nas ultimas decadas. Hoje, baseado em evidencias inclui o uso de betabloqueadores, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina,bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina II e espironolactona.Para os pacientes sintomaticos devem-se acrescentar um diuretico e/ou digital. Para que esses farmacos sejam efetivos devem ser empregados em doses plenas. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar o tratamento correto modifica a historia natural da doenca, reduzindo sua morbidade e mortalidade. Para verificar sua efetividade,avalia-se a melhora dos sintomas, reversao da dilatacao cardiaca,aumento da fracao de ejecao e reducao da frequencia cardiaca.Quando nao ha melhora destas caracteristicas, ou o tratamento e insuficiente e deve ser melhorado ou que o quadro clinico e muito grave e o paciente tera, entao, um prognostico sombrio. A deteccao precoce da insuficiencia cardiaca permite que medidas sejam tomadas a fim de modificar a historia natural da doenca.Deve-se, portanto encorajar o tratamento correto desde os estagios iniciais da doenca, prevenindo a progressao para formas avancadas e refratarias. (AU)
High-Frequency, Long-Range Coupling Between Prefrontal and Visual Cortex During Attention

Attention and Synchrony Neural activity in the visual cortex becomes synchronized with attention and other behavioral states. However, the source of this synchrony is still unknown. Gregoriou et al. (p. 1207) tested the hypothesis that synchronized activity from the frontal eye field is one of the causes of the synchrony in monkey visual cortical area V4 during attention. With attention, neural activity in area V4 synchronized with frontal eye field activity when a stimulus fell in a joint receptive field, but did not do so when the fields were not overlapping. Synchrony in neuronal firing within a specific frequency range may regulate interactions between brain structures. Electrical recordings in humans and monkeys show attentional enhancement of evoked responses and gamma synchrony in ventral stream cortical areas. Does this synchrony result from intrinsic activity in visual cortex or from inputs from other structures? Using paired recordings in the frontal eye field (FEF) and area V4, we found that attention to a stimulus in their joint receptive field leads to enhanced oscillatory coupling between the two areas, particularly at gamma frequencies. This coupling appeared to be initiated by FEF and was time-shifted by about 8 to 13 milliseconds across a range of frequencies. Considering the expected conduction and synaptic delays between the areas, this time-shifted coupling at gamma frequencies may optimize the postsynaptic impact of spikes from one area upon the other, improving cross-area communication with attention.
Pioglitazone increases bone marrow fat in type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of pioglitazone on bone marrow fat in humans. DESIGN Twenty participants in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the skeletal effects of pioglitazone 30 mg daily in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) entered a 6-month substudy evaluating bone marrow fat. Main outcome measures were bone marrow fat in lumbar spine (L4) and proximal femur (intertrochanteric region), measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and bone mineral density (BMD), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS after 6 months, change in the fourth lumbar vertebra (l4) bone marrow lipid fraction, assessed using two different methods, was greater in the pioglitazone group than in the placebo group (dixon method: mean (95% CI) change from baseline pioglitazone 1.3% (-0.3, 2.9), placebo -0.2% (-0.8, 0.4), P=0.06; MR spectroscopy: pioglitazone 2.5% (0.4, 4.7), placebo -1.1% (-3.7, 1.4), P=0.02). Similarly, the change in lipid fraction in the intertrochanteric region was greater in the pioglitazone group (Dixon method: mean (95% CI) change from baseline pioglitazone 1.3% (0.6, 1.9), placebo -0.8% (-1.8, 0.2), P=0.001). Within the pioglitazone group, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between change in marrow lipid fraction and BMD. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with pioglitazone increases bone marrow fat in patients with T2DM.
Dental Implants With Immediate Loading Using Insertion Torque of 30 Ncm: A Systematic Review

Objective:This study aimed to perform a review of the literature regarding the survival rate of dental implants with immediate loading using insertion torque of 30 Ncm. Material and Methods:A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (PROSPERO CRD42014015323). The search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library electronic, OVID, and Scielo databases. Manual searches were also performed. The articles identified were assessed independently by 3 researchers. Clinical trials reporting dental implants with immediate loading and 30 Ncm torque in patients ages 18 years or older were included. Results:The searches yielded 589 studies. Six studies were included in the systematic review. The survival rate of dental implants was 96.8%. Three studies showed a low potential risk of bias. Conclusion:There is not strong evidence that insertion torque of 30 Ncm is enough for implant survival in cases of immediate loading.
Physical activity and incident cognitive impairment in elderly persons: the INVADE study.

BACKGROUND Data regarding the relationship between physical activity and cognitive impairment are limited and controversial. We examined whether physical activity is associated with incident cognitive impairment during follow-up. METHODS As part of a community-based prospective cohort study in southern Bavaria, Germany, 3903 participants older than 55 years were enrolled between 2001 and 2003 and followed up for 2 years. Physical activity (classified as no activity, moderate activity [<3 times/wk], and high activity [> or =3 times/wk]), cognitive function (assessed by the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test), and potential confounders were evaluated. The main outcome measure was incident cognitive impairment after 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, 418 participants (10.7%) had cognitive impairment. After a 2-year follow-up, 207 of 3485 initially unimpaired subjects (5.9%) developed incident cognitive impairment. Compared with participants without physical activity, fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of incident cognitive impairment after 2 years for participants with moderate or high physical activity at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.87 [P = .01]; and OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.83 [P = .005]; respectively). Further subanalysis including participants (n = 2029) without functional impairment and without prodromal phase of dementia resulted in an even higher reduction of risk of incident cognitive impairment for participants with moderate or high physical activity (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.83 [P = .01]; and OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.85 [P = .01]; respectively) compared with no activity. CONCLUSION Moderate or high physical activity is associated with a reduced incidence of cognitive impairment after 2 years in a large population-based cohort of elderly subjects.
Fascin 1 is dispensable for developmental and tumour angiogenesis

Summary The actin bundling protein fascin 1 is not expressed in adult epithelial tissues, but during development it is transiently expressed in many different cell types, and later in adults it is expressed in a subset of immune cells, nervous tissues, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes. In contrast to the wealth of knowledge about the role of fascin 1 in cancer cell migration and invasion, little is known about the involvement of fascin 1 in angiogenesis. We speculated that as angiogenesis involves migration and invasion of tissues by endothelial cells, fascin 1 might have a role in both normal and tumour angiogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that loss of fascin 1 causes relatively minor reductions to angiogenesis during embryonic, postnatal and cancerous development by examining E12.5 hindbrains, postnatal retinas and B16F0 tumour cell allografts in fascin 1-null mice. We also find that in fascin 1 null tissues, endothelial cells display reduced filopodia formation during sprouting. We thus propose that fascin 1 expression promotes angiogenesis via filopodia formation, but is largely dispensable for both normal and tumour angiogenesis.
An empirical examination of the factor structure of compassion

Compassion has long been regarded as a core part of our humanity by contemplative traditions, and in recent years, it has received growing research interest. Following a recent review of existing conceptualisations, compassion has been defined as consisting of the following five elements: 1) recognising suffering, 2) understanding the universality of suffering in human experience, 3) feeling moved by the person suffering and emotionally connecting with their distress, 4) tolerating uncomfortable feelings aroused (e.g., fear, distress) so that we remain open to and accepting of the person suffering, and 5) acting or being motivated to act to alleviate suffering. As a prerequisite to developing a high quality compassion measure and furthering research in this field, the current study empirically investigated the factor structure of the five-element definition using a combination of existing and newly generated self-report items. This study consisted of three stages: a systematic consultation with experts to review items from existing self-report measures of compassion and generate additional items (Stage 1), exploratory factor analysis of items gathered from Stage 1 to identify the underlying structure of compassion (Stage 2), and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the identified factor structure (Stage 3). Findings showed preliminary empirical support for a five-factor structure of compassion consistent with the five-element definition. However, findings indicated that the ‘tolerating’ factor may be problematic and not a core aspect of compassion. This possibility requires further empirical testing. Limitations with items from included measures lead us to recommend against using these items collectively to assess compassion. Instead, we call for the development of a new self-report measure of compassion, using the five-element definition to guide item generation. We recommend including newly generated ‘tolerating’ items in the initial item pool, to determine whether or not factor-level issues are resolved once item-level issues are addressed.
Validation of cell-based OATP1B1 assays to assess drug transport and the potential for drug–drug interaction to support regulatory submissions

Transporters are carrier proteins that may influence pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological characteristics of drugs. The development of validated in vitro transporter models is imperative to support regulatory submissions of drug candidates. This study is focused on utilizing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell cultures genetically transfected with the human organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 transporter to identify substrates and inhibitors in drug development. The kinetics of OATP1B1-mediated uptake of [3H]-oestradiol 17β-glucuronide and inhibition of uptake by rifamycin SV were used to determine Km, Vmax, and IC50 values over a range of passage numbers to investigate accuracy and precision. The mean Km and Vmax values were found to be 6.3 ± 1.2 μM and 460 ± 96 pmol min−1 mg−1, respectively. The mean IC50 value for rifamycin SV was 0.23 ± 0.07 μM on uptake of 1 μM [3H]-oestradiol 17β-glucuronide. These data were similar to previously reported values (accuracy greater than 82%), reproducible (precision less than 29%) and exhibited low standard deviations (SDs) obviating the need to study test compounds on more than one occasion. [3H]-oestrone 3-sulfate and [3H]-pravastatin exhibited concentration-dependent OATP1B1 uptake, and statistically significant differences were observed at each concentration between uptake rates of HEK293-OATP1B1 and HEK293-MOCK cells (uptake ratios greater than or equal to 3). Propranolol showed no positive uptake ratio. Bezafibrate and gemfibrozil exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of OATP1B1-mediated uptake of [3H]-oestradiol 17β-glucuronide with mean IC50 values of 16 and 27 μM, respectively. Based on the validation results, acceptance criteria to identify a test compound as a substrate and/or inhibitor using these specific cell lines were determined. These validated OATP1B1 assays were robust, reproducible, and suitable for routine in vitro evaluation of candidate drugs.
Role of WW domain proteins WWOX in development, prognosis, and treatment response of glioma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Delicate microenvironment and lineage heterogeneity of GBM cells including infiltration, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and stemness make them highly resistant to current conventional therapies, with an average life expectancy for GBM patients of less than 15 months. Poor response to cytotoxic agents of GBM cells remains the major challenge of GBM treatment. Resistance of GBM to clinical treatment is a result of genomic alternation and deregulated signaling pathways, such as p53 mutation and apoptosis signaling blockage, providing cancer cells more opportunities for survival rather than cell death. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor gene, commonly downregulated in various types of tumors, including GBM. It has been found that the reintroduction of WWOX induced p53-mutant GBM cells to undergo apoptosis, but not in p53 wild-type GBM cells, indicating WWOX is likely to reopen apoptosis pathways in a p53-independent manner in GBM. Identifying the crucial target modulated by WWOX deficiency provides a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Here, we have reviewed the literatures about the role of WWOX in development, signaling pathway, prognosis, and treatment response in malignant glioma.
Combination of Methoprene and Controlled Aeration to Manage Insects in Stored Wheat

A commercial formulation of the insect growth regulator methoprene was applied to wheat stored in small bins either alone or in combination with controlled aeration of the bins, to lower grain temperature for insect pest management of stored wheat. Grain temperatures were monitored and modified by a computer-controlled thermocouple system that also activated the aeration system at programmed set-points to move cool ambient air through the grain mass to lower grain temperature. Results from sampling insect populations in experimental storage bins along with laboratory mortality bioassays of insects placed on wheat taken from the bins over the course of the storage period showed that methoprene was very effective in controlling infestation by the externally-feeding stored grain insects Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), the Indian meal moth Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and also for the internal-feeding pest Rhyzopertha dominica( Fauvel), the lesser grain borer. Methoprene did not give good control of the internal-feeding pest Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil. Aeration alone was somewhat effective in suppressing insect population development, while methoprene alone or when combined with aeration greatly enhanced insect control. Commercial grain grading for industry quality standards at the end of the storage period confirmed the impact of insect suppression on maintaining high quality of the stored wheat. This field experiment shows that methoprene combined with aeration to cool grain can be effective for pest management of stored wheat in the southern plains of the United States of America.