Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative Topic Embedding: a Continuous Representation of Documents

Word embedding maps words into a low-dimensional continuous embedding space by exploiting the local word collocation patterns in a small context window. On the other hand, topic modeling maps documents onto a low-dimensional topic space, by utilizing the global word collocation patterns in the same document. These two types of patterns are complementary. In this paper, we propose a generative topic embedding model to combine the two types of patterns. In our model, topics are represented by embedding vectors, and are shared across documents. The probability of each word is influenced by both its local context and its topic. A variational inference method yields the topic embeddings as well as the topic mixing proportions for each document. Jointly they represent the document in a low-dimensional continuous space. In two document classification tasks, our method performs better than eight existing methods, with fewer features. In addition, we illustrate with an example that our method can generate coherent topics even based on only one document.
Losing Ground: Lessons from the Repeal of Nine "Little Davis-Bacon" Acts

all students at the University of Utah for help gathering information for this study. We also wish to thank the many government officials at the state and federal levels who helpfully provided data for our analysis. This study was originally funded in 1992 by a gift from Local 3 of the International Union of Operating Engineers. Subsequent funding came from the United Association of Plumbers and Pipe fitters of Utah and from the AFL-CIO. This working paper will be periodically updated as our research progresses. Updated electronic versions of this working paper are available from the anonymous ftp site at the Economics Department of the University of Utah. Internet users may use ftp (file transfer protocol) commands to obtain an updated version. The file is in Wordperfect 5.1 with extended postscript attachments. It may be printed out in Wordperfect 5.1 or 5.2 on any postscript laser printer. To obtain an electronic copy do the following: (1) log on to an internet terminal; (2) at the prompt type ftp keynes.econ.utah.edu; (3) at the request for user name type anonymous; (4) at the password request type you e-mail internet address; (5) once you have entered the University of Utah Economics Department ftp site type cd tmp [then return] then type binary; (6) then type ls to obtain a listing of the files in the ftp site. The file you are looking for is called DAVISBAC. (7) Type get davisbac c:\davisbac.my where the second phrase c:\davisbac.my refers to the drive you want the file to go to and the name you wish the file to have. The analysis and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the University of Utah.
Microbiological Food Safety Surveillance in China

Microbiological food safety surveillance is a system that collects data regarding food contamination by foodborne pathogens, parasites, viruses, and other harmful microbiological factors. It helps to understand the spectrum of food safety, timely detect food safety hazards, and provide relevant data for food safety supervision, risk assessment, and standards-setting. The study discusses the microbiological surveillance of food safety in China, and introduces the policies and history of the national microbiological surveillance system. In addition, the function and duties of different organizations and institutions are provided in this work, as well as the generation and content of the surveillance plan, quality control, database, and achievement of the microbiological surveillance of food safety in China.
Vasopressin improves survival in a pig model of hypothermic cardiopulmonary resuscitation

ObjectiveDuring hypothermic cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a body core temperature <30°C administration of a vasopressor to support coronary perfusion pressure is controversial. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of a single 0.4-unit/kg dose of vasopressin on coronary perfusion pressure, defibrillation success, and 1-hr survival in a pig model of hypothermic closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with rewarming. DesignProspective, randomized study in an established pig model. SettingUniversity hospital research laboratory. SubjectsFifteen 12- to 16-wk-old domestic pigs. InterventionsPigs were surface cooled to a body core temperature of 26°C and ventricular fibrillation was induced. After 15 mins of untreated cardiac arrest, manual closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thoracic lavage with 40°C warmed tap water were started. After 3 mins of external chest compression, animals were assigned randomly to receive vasopressin (0.4 units/kg, n = 8; or saline placebo, n = 7). Defibrillation was attempted 10 mins after drug administration. Measurements and Main ResultsCompared with saline placebo treated-animals, coronary perfusion pressure in vasopressin-treated pigs was significantly higher 90 secs (36 ± 5 mm Hg vs. 7 ± 4 mm Hg, p = .000) to 10 mins (24 ± 4 mm Hg vs. 8 ± 4 mm Hg, p = .000) after drug administration. Restoration of spontaneous circulation and 1 hr survival were significantly higher in vasopressin animals compared with saline placebo (8 of 8 vasopressin pigs vs. 0 of 7 placebo pigs, p < .001). ConclusionsA single 0.4-unit/kg dose of vasopressin administered at a body core temperature <30°C significantly improved defibrillation success and 1-hr survival in a pig model of hypothermic cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
An Investigation of the Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Academic Procrastination Using Short Message Service (SMS) Technology.

This mixed-method pilot study investigated the impact of a custom Short Message Service (SMS) reminder system developed to help students reduce procrastination and increase performance on weekly content-related quizzes in a high-enrollment hybrid online course. Text message reminders were sent to three students with high procrastination and low performance levels on a schedule based on free-operant avoidance principles, where messages would be terminated upon completion of the weekly quiz. The results suggest that there was sufficient evidence that the system had a positive effect on procrastination levels, but less evidence for an effect on performance. Subsequent interviews with the participants confirmed the utility and potential of the system, and revealed areas for improvement in the implementation of the SMS reminder system as well as an understanding of the students' response to the intervention. The phenomenon of procrastination is widespread in society, but it is particularly prevalent and potentially detrimental in the academic setting. It has been defined on several occasions (Lay, 1986; Milgram, Mey-Tal, & Levison, 1998; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), but Schraw, Wadkins, and Olafson (2007) provided a useful working definition that captured the essence of the phenomenon. They defined procrastination as "intentionally deferring or delaying work that must be completed" (2007, p. 13). Within an academic institution, Steel (2007)
Religious Ambivalence: Suppression of Pro-Social Attitudes Toward Asylum Seekers by Right-Wing Authoritarianism

A survey of 168 White Australian community members examined whether ambivalence toward certain social groups by some religious individuals constituted a suppression effect in which authoritarian motivated prejudice suppressed more pro-social attitudes toward asylum seekers. Using mediation analysis, it was found that Christian religious identity was not significantly associated with prejudice at a bivariate level. However, when Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) was taken into account, Christians (compared with non-Christians) were less likely to hold negative attitudes toward asylum seekers in Australia. Inclusion of acculturation ideologies (assimilation, multiculturalism, and color-blindness) in the models indicated that the suppression effect was specific to RWA rather than due to other intergroup attitudes. However, findings suggest that multiculturalism may be one proximal indicator of Christian pro-sociality.
Students’ Motivations for Considering a Career in Music Performance

The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons why undergraduate music majors pursue a career in music performance. The authors surveyed music majors at seven institutions and asked them about the main reasons as to why they were considering a career in music performance. Participant responses yielded qualitative data that the authors coded, through a grounded theory approach, into the following four themes: enjoyment, ability, usefulness, and identity. That is, students reported that they enjoyed playing music, they had the ability to succeed, they believed that music performance was useful, and they viewed themselves as musicians. The authors examine these results through the lens of three psychological constructs (i.e., affect, expectancy, and value). To better understand the implications for best practice in music career education, the authors compare the results of the present study with the results of prior studies investigating the reasons why music majors choose a career in music education.
Cleansing Formulations That Respect Skin Barrier Integrity

Surfactants in skin cleansers interact with the skin in several manners. In addition to the desired benefit of providing skin hygiene, surfactants also extract skin components during cleansing and remain in the stratum corneum (SC) after rinsing. These side effects disrupt SC structure and degrade its barrier properties. Recent applications of vibrational spectroscopy and two-photon microscopy in skin research have provided molecular-level information to facilitate our understanding of the interaction between skin and surfactant. In the arena of commercial skin cleansers, technologies have been developed to produce cleansers that both cleanse and respect skin barrier. The main approach is to minimize surfactant interaction with skin through altering its solution properties. Recently, hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) have been introduced to create skin compatible cleansing systems. At the presence of HMP, surfactants assemble into larger, more stable structures. These structures are less likely to penetrate the skin, thereby resulting in less aggressive cleansers and the integrity of the skin barrier is maintained. In this paper, we reviewed our recent findings on surfactant and SC interactions at molecular level and provided an overview of the HM technology for developing cleansers that respect skin barrier.
Life Recovery After Disasters: A Qualitative Study in the Iranian Context

Abstract Introduction Planned and organized long-term rehabilitation services should be provided to victims of a disaster for social integration, economic self-sufficiency, and psychological health. There are few studies on recovery and rehabilitation issues in disaster situations. This study explores the disaster-related rehabilitation process. Method This study was based on qualitative analysis. Participants included 18 individuals (eight male and ten female) with experience providing or receiving disaster health care or services. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. All interviews were transcribed and content analysis was performed based on qualitative content analysis. Results The study explored three main concepts of recovery and rehabilitation after a disaster: 1) needs for health recovery; 2) intent to delegate responsibility; and 3) desire for a wide scope of social support. The participants of this study indicated that to provide comprehensive recovery services, important basic needs should be considered, including the need for physical rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, and livelihood health; the need for continuity of mental health care; and the need for family re-unification services. Providing social activation can help reintegrate affected people into the community. Conclusion Effective rehabilitation care for disaster victims requires a clear definition of the rehabilitation process at different levels of the community. Involving a wide set of those most likely to be affected by the process provides a comprehensive, continuous, culturally sensitive, and family-centered plan. KhankehH, NakhaeiM, MasoumiG, HosseiniM, Parsa-YektaZ, KurlandL, CastrenM. Life recovery after disasters: a qualitative study in the Iranian context. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):573-579.
Virtual Prototyping and Performance Analysis of Two Memory Architectures

The gap between CPU and memory speed has always been a critical concern that motivated researchers to study and analyze the performance of memory hierarchical architectures. In the early stages of the design cycle, performance evaluation methodologies can be used to leverage exploration at the architectural level and assist in making early design tradeoffs. In this paper, we use simulation platforms developed using the VisualSim tool to compare the performance of two memory architectures, namely, the Direct Connect architecture of the Opteron, and the Shared Bus of the Xeon multicore processors. Key variations exist between the two memory architectures and both design approaches provide rich platforms that call for the early use of virtual system prototyping and simulation techniques to assess performance at an early stage in the design cycle.
Altered white matter integrity in primary restless legs syndrome patients: diffusion tensor imaging study

Abstract Objectives: A prior diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of restless legs syndrome (RLS) subjects found alterations in brain white matter (WM). The aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism of altered integrity of brain WM in RLS patients. Methods: The DTI measurement was performed in 22 subjects with RLS and 22 age-matched control subjects. Using a voxel-based analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial and radial diffusivities (AD and RD) were compared between RLS and control subjects with a two-sample t-test, and correlation analysis was performed in RLS subjects. Results: RLS subjects demonstrated decreased FA in the genu of the corpus callosum and frontal WM adjacent to the inferior frontal gyrus compared with the control subjects. For areas of decreased FA, both the AD and RD were higher than that in the control subjects. Discussion: Our findings suggest that loss of axonal density and myelin may account for WM changes seen in a prior study of RLS subjects.
Fostering approachability and classroom participation during the first day of class

Students and faculty often have different goals for the first day of class. While teaching advice books recommend actively engaging students in the course from the start, students often `shop' for classes and report being primarily concerned with gathering practical information. The aim of this article is to introduce a reciprocal interview activity that attempts to achieve both goals by creating a dynamic conversation in which the instructor inquires about the students' goals and expectations and, in turn, the students collectively interview the instructor about his or her goals and expectations. Preliminary findings indicate that students evaluate the activity favorably and feel more comfortable participating in class and more comfortable approaching the instructor about class-related and non-class-related issues after the activity. Additional benefits and uses for both students and instructors are discussed.
A biological basis for generative learning in technology-and-science Part II: Implications for technology-and-science education

A biological basis for learning reconfigures our ways of thinking about learning generally (as we argued in the first of this set of papers). In this second paper, we argue the worth of this new view of learning and its fruitfulness for technology-and-science education in particular. In support, we cite seminal writings on learning by theorists (such as Dewey, Peirce and Piaget among others) which can now be corroborated neuroscientifically. We demonstrate the potency of this new view of learning in making sense of the findings of empirical studies of technology-and-science learning, modelling technologyand-science education as a set of five natural and contiguous acts. We conclude by considering some technology-and-science teaching and curriculum implications of adopting this biological view of learning.
Coprime factor model reduction for discrete-time uncertain systems

This paper presents a contractive coprime factor model reduction approach for discrete-time uncertain systems of LFT form with norm bounded structured uncertainty. A systematic approach is proposed for coprime factorization and contractive coprime factorization of the underlying uncertain systems. The proposed coprime factor approach overcomes the robust stability restriction on the underlying systems which is required in the balanced truncation approach. The method is based on the use of LMIs to construct the desired reduced dimension uncertain system model.
The Appeal to Expert Opinion: Quantitative Support for a Bayesian Network Approach

The appeal to expert opinion is an argument form that uses the verdict of an expert to support a position or hypothesis. A previous scheme-based treatment of the argument form is formalized within a Bayesian network that is able to capture the critical aspects of the argument form, including the central considerations of the expert's expertise and trustworthiness. We propose this as an appropriate normative framework for the argument form, enabling the development and testing of quantitative predictions as to how people evaluate this argument, suggesting that such an approach might be beneficial to argumentation research generally. We subsequently present two experiments as an example of the potential for future research in this vein, demonstrating that participants' quantitative ratings of the convincingness of a proposition that has been supported with an appeal to expert opinion were broadly consistent with the predictions of the Bayesian model.
Lexical tone identification and consonant recognition in acoustic simulations of cochlear implants

Conclusion: Cochlear implant (CI) recipients’ performance of lexical tone identification and consonant recognition can be enhanced by providing greater spectral details. Objective: To evaluate the effects of increasing the number of total spectral channels on the lexical tone identification and consonant recognition by normally hearing listeners who are native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Subjects and methods: Lexical tone identification and consonant recognition were measured in 15 Mandarin-speaking, normal-hearing (NH) listeners with varied numbers of total spectral channels (i.e. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24), using acoustic simulations of CIs. Results: The group of NH listeners’ performance of lexical tone identification ranged from 44.53% to 66.60% with 4–24 spectral channels. The performance of tone identification between channels 4 and 16 remained similar; between channels 16 and 20 performance improved significantly. As regards consonant recognition, the NH listeners’ overall accuracy ranged from 73.17% to 95.33% with 4–24 channels. Steady improvement in consonant recognition accuracy was observed as a function of increasing the spectral channels. With about 12–16 spectral channels, the NH listeners’ overall accuracy in consonant recognition began to be comparable to their accuracy with the unprocessed stimuli.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Transition Probabilities of Jump Markov Linear Systems

This paper describes an online maximum likelihood estimator for the transition probabilities associated with a jump Markov linear system (JMLS). The maximum likelihood estimator is derived using the reference probability method, which exploits an hypothetical probability measure to find recursions for complex expectations. Expectation maximization (EM) procedure is utilized for maximizing the likelihood function. In order to avoid the exponential increase in the number of statistics of the optimal EM algorithm, we make interacting multiple model (IMM)-type approximations. The resulting method needs the mode weights of an IMM filter with N3 components, where N is the number of models in the JMLS. The algorithm can also supply base-state estimates and covariances as a by-product. The performance of the estimator is illustrated on two simulated examples and compared to a recently proposed alternative.
Investigation of Low-Grazing-Angle Microwave Backscattering from Threedimensional Breaking Sea Waves

The microwave backscattering of the sea surface is investigated with the wedge-shaped breaking waves for the super events at low grazing angles (LGA). According to the relationship between the wave breaking and the whitecap, the flnite three-dimensional wedges are utilized to approximately model the breaking waves, of which the spatial distribution is simulated with whitecap coverage. The phase- modifled two-scale method (TSM) and method of equivalent currents (MEC) are used to calculate the surface and volume scattering of sea surface and breaking waves respectively. The sea spikes in LGA are observed by this model, and the strong directionality is caused by the breakers. Considering the Bragg phase velocity, orbital motion of facets and wind drift, the Doppler spectrum is simulated with the time series of sea clutter. Included the breaking waves, the scattering model indicates that the enhanced non-Bragg scattering leads to the extended Doppler spectrum width. The numerical results agree with the measured data well at LGA. Compared with the statistical models, the complex physical mechanism of the sea scattering is explicitly described in this paper.
Guidelines for Naming Nonprimate APOBEC3 Genes and Proteins

Guidelines for Naming Nonprimate APOBEC3 Genes and Proteins Rebecca S. LaRue, Valgerdur Andresdottir, Yannick Blanchard, Silvestro G. Conticello, David Derse, Michael Emerman, Warner C. Greene, Stefan R. Jonsson, Nathaniel R. Landau, Martin Lochelt, Harmit S. Malik, Michael H. Malim, Carsten Munk, Stephen J. O’Brien, Vinay K. Pathak, Klaus Strebel, Simon Wain-Hobson, Xiao-Fang Yu, Naoya Yuhki, and Reuben S. Harris*
Exploring the information behaviour of users of Welsh Newspapers Online through web log analysis

Purpose – Webometric techniques have been applied to many websites and online resources, especially since the launch of Google Analytics (GA). To date, though, there has been little consideration of information behaviour in relation to digitised newspaper collections. The purpose of this paper is to address a perceived gap in the literature by providing an account of user behaviour in the newly launched Welsh Newspapers Online (WNO). Design/methodology/approach – The author collected webometric data for WNO using GA and web server content logs. These were analysed to identify patterns of engagement and user behaviour, which were then considered in relation to existing information behaviour. Findings – Use of WNO, while reminiscent of archival information seeking, can be understood as centring on the web interface rather than the digitised material. In comparison to general web browsing, users are much more deeply engaged with the resource. This engagement incorporates reading online, but users’ informatio.