Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of sigmoidal FFANN training algorithms for function approximation problems

The estimation of unknown function from a number of data inputs has number of various applications like in Engineering, Artificial intelligence, Statistics, Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic algorithms etc. Many papers have described the individual methods. But very less is known about the comparative performance of various methods. In this paper we give the comparative performance of the neural network using ten different approximation functions and twelve various training algorithms. Our study uses MATLAB 2013a 8.1 Neural Network toolbox for experimentation. The performance of the method on the neural network depends on the approximation function type and the various properties of training data. We found that Bayesian Regulation Backpropagation method proved to be best in performance using function 6 given in the paper out of twelve different algorithms used.
Multi-type ant colony system for solving the multiple traveling salesman problem.

The Multiple Traveling Salesman problem (mTSP) is an extension of the well-known Traveling Sales- man Problem (TSP), where more than one salesman is allowed to be used in order to visit some cities just once. Furthermore, the formulation of the mTSP seem more relevant for real-life applications, and also can be extended to a wide variety of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by incorporating some additional side constraints, such as the vehicle capacity and customer demands. Although the literature for the TSP and the VRP is definitely wide, the mTSP has not received the same amount of attention. In that sense, this paper proposes a new algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for the mTSP, specifically Multi-type Ant Colony System (M-ACS), where each colony represents a possible global solution. More-over, these colonies cooperate by means of “frequent” pheromone exchanges in order to find a competitive solution for the mTSP. The algorithm performance has been compared with one of the most efficient local search algorithms for mTSP, the Lin-Kernighan algorithm. Computational results confirm the competitiveness and efficiency of the strategy we propose.
Proteins with Intrinsically Disordered Domains Are Preferentially Recruited to Polyglutamine Aggregates

Intracellular protein aggregation is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregates formed by polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded proteins, such as Huntingtin, adopt amyloid-like structures that are resistant to denaturation. We used a novel purification strategy to isolate aggregates formed by human Huntingtin N-terminal fragments with expanded polyQ tracts from both yeast and mammalian (PC-12) cells. Using mass spectrometry we identified the protein species that are trapped within these polyQ aggregates. We found that proteins with very long intrinsically-disordered (ID) domains (≥100 amino acids) and RNA-binding proteins were disproportionately recruited into aggregates. The removal of the ID domains from selected proteins was sufficient to eliminate their recruitment into polyQ aggregates. We also observed that several neurodegenerative disease-linked proteins were reproducibly trapped within the polyQ aggregates purified from mammalian cells. Many of these proteins have large ID domains and are found in neuronal inclusions in their respective diseases. Our study indicates that neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins are particularly vulnerable to recruitment into polyQ aggregates via their ID domains. Also, the high frequency of ID domains in RNA-binding proteins may explain why RNA-binding proteins are frequently found in pathological inclusions in various neurodegenerative diseases.
New Algorithms for Solving Tropical Linear Systems

The problem of solving tropical linear systems, a natural problem of tropical mathematics, has already proven to be very interesting from the algorithmic point of view: it is known to be in $NP\cap coNP$ but no polynomial time algorithm is known, although counterexamples for existing pseudopolynomial algorithms are (and have to be) very complex. In this work, we continue the study of algorithms for solving tropical linear systems. First, we present a new reformulation of Grigoriev's algorithm that brings it closer to the algorithm of Akian, Gaubert, and Guterman; this lets us formulate a whole family of new algorithms, and we present algorithms from this family for which no known superpolynomial counterexamples work. Second, we present a family of algorithms for solving overdetermined tropical systems. We show that for weakly overdetermined systems, there are polynomial algorithms in this family. We also present a concrete algorithm from this family that can solve a tropical linear system defined by an $m\times n$ matrix with maximal element $M$ in time $\Theta\left({m \choose n} \mathrm{poly}\left(m, n, \log M\right)\right)$, and this time matches the complexity of the best of previously known algorithms for feasibility testing.
A Latent Source Model to Detect Multiple Spatial Clusters With Application in a Mobile Sensor Network for Surveillance of Nuclear Materials

Potential nuclear attacks are among the most devastating terrorist attacks, with severe loss of human lives as well as damage to infrastructure. To deter such threats, it becomes increasingly vital to have sophisticated nuclear surveillance and detection systems deployed in major cities in the United States, such as New York City. In this article, we design a mobile sensor network and develop statistical algorithms and models to provide consistent and pervasive surveillance of nuclear materials in major cities. The network consists of a large number of vehicles on which nuclear sensors and Global Position System (GPS) tracking devices are installed. Real time sensor readings and GPS information are transmitted to and processed at a central surveillance center. Mathematical and statistical analyses are performed, in which we mimic a signal-generating process and develop a latent source modeling framework to detect multiple spatial clusters. A Monte Carlo expectation-maximization algorithm is developed to estimate model parameters, detect significant clusters, and identify their locations and sizes. We also determine the number of clusters using a modified Akaike Information Criterion/Bayesian Information Criterion. Simulation studies to evaluate the effectiveness and detection power of such a network are described.
Daily decision-making at the work-family interface. A couple-level study.

This qualitative study uses a grounded theory approach to examine work-family decision-making at the couple-level. It focuses on answering two questions: (1) How do couples develop and enact work-family routines and make non-routine decisions? And, (2) What is the role of identity construal in the way couples carry out their daily work-family responsibilities? By focusing on daily (or micro-role) experiences, I learned that daily work-family decisions are indeed made at the couple-level and that there are three types of daily work-family decisions, including decisions about work-family routines, decisions about immediate, unanticipated changes to routines and decisions about anticipated, scheduled events. Anchoring decisions made by couples over time create the context for decision-making for all three types of daily decisions. In terms of how couples make daily decisions at the work-family interface, I found that they consider multiple cues, including situational cues from their work and family contexts, activities cues, cues from their routines, cues from their relationships with one another, and cues related to family and parenting role expectations, but that the cues to which they attend and the processes for making sense of them varies by the type of decision and the type of couple making the decision. Overall, my analysis of daily decisions revealed that these decisions are made in a manner consistent with a logic of appropriateness, which involves situational recognition and enactment of appropriate behavioral rules. These rules emanate from family role construals. Couples can be classified according to differences in their family role construals and each couple type uses different appropriateness rules, and thus tends to favour different choices for both anchoring and daily decisions. From a practical perspective, the results of this study have implications for couples looking for better strategies to meet their work and family responsibilities and for supervisors looking for better ways to support employees’ efforts in carrying out their various roles. Theoretically, this research complements past work-family research, which has predominately focused on individual-level models and the negative aspects of combining personal roles with paid work. Also, it extends applications of identity theory in work-family science by broadening our understanding about the role of identity construals in work-family decisions.
An Improved Transformation between HILL and Metric Conditional Pseudoentropy

HILL Entropy and Metric Entropy are generalizations of the information-theoretic notion of min-entropy to the setting where an adversary is computationally bounded. The notion of HILL Entropy appeared in the breakthrough construction of a PRG from any one-way function, and has become the most important and most widely used definition of computational entropy. In turn, Metric Entropy which is defined as a relaxation of HILL Entropy, has been proven to be much easier to handle, in particular in the context of computational generalizations of the Dense Model Theorem. Fortunately, Metric Entropy can be converted, with some loss in quality, to HILL Entropy as shown by Barak, Shaltiel and Wigderson. In this paper we improve their result, slightly reducing the loss in quality of entropy. Interestingly, our bound is independent of size of the probability space in comparison to the result of Barak et al. Our approach is based on the theory of convex approximation in L-spaces.
Quantifying Frictional Losses for a 2-Degree-of-Freedom Energy-Efficient Walking Robot

A modern goal of walking robots is to achieve motion while maintaining relatively low energy costs. Traditional robots are capable of level ground walking, but they are generally not energy efficient. The Extended Body Rimless (EBR) wheel is a robotic walking device which employs torsional springs and a rotating pendulum to prevent energy from being lost due to foot collisions. In simulations without friction, the EBR wheel has a periodic motion, across level ground, which can completely eliminate energy loss. However, when non-conservative forces are introduced in the system, the periodic motion of the EBR wheel is broken and an external energy source is required. To minimize the cost of transport of the system, the source and magnitude of the friction loss must be understood. Experimental trials coupled with models for the sources of drag have indicated that air drag from the rotating pendulum is a primary source of friction, accounting for about 30% of the energy loss when moving. Air drag is not often considered in robotic walkers, but for fast moving devices, drastic improvements in energy efficiency can be obtained if aerodynamic issues are addressed.
Analysis of Iterative Waterfilling Algorithm for Multiuser Power Control in Digital Subscriber Lines

We present an equivalent linear complementarity problem (LCP) formulation of the noncooperative Nash game resulting from the DSL power control problem. Based on this LCP reformulation, we establish the linear convergence of the popular distributed iterative waterfilling algorithm (IWFA) for arbitrary symmetric interference environment and for certain asymmetric channel conditions with any number of users. In the case of symmetric interference crosstalk coefficients, we show that the users of IWFA in fact, unknowingly but willingly, cooperate to minimize a common quadratic cost function whose gradient measures the received signal power from all users. This is surprising since the DSL users in the IWFA have no intention to cooperate as each maximizes its own rate to reach a Nash equilibrium. In the case of asymmetric coefficients, the convergence of the IWFA is due to a contraction property of the iterates. In addition, the LCP reformulation enables us to solve the DSL power control problem under no restrictions on the interference coefficients using existing LCP algorithms, for example, Lemke's method. Indeed, we use the latter method to benchmark the empirical performance of IWFA in the presence of strong crosstalk interference.
Relationships Between Vocabulary Size and Spoken Word Recognition in Children Aged 3 to 7

Spoken word recognition was investigated in a group of children aged 3:0 to 7:11 (years:months) to assess the relationship between five measures of language development and spoken word recognition accuracy. Two spoken word recognition tasks, gated words and noise- center words, were used. In the gating task, participants were asked to identify words whose final consonants had been removed. In the noise-center task, participants were asked to identify words whose medial vowel had been replaced by broadband noise. In both tasks, participants provided a nonverbal picture-pointing response. Five measures of language development were examined as possible predictors of spoken word recognition accuracy: expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, pre-literacy skills, phonological awareness, and articulation accuracy, each of which was measured using a standardized, norm- referenced test. In the gating task, children required acoustic evidence of the final stop burst in consonant vowel consonant (CVC) words for accurate recognition. In the noise-center task, children required at least 40% of the vowel to be present in CVC words for accurate recognition. Of the five language measures, expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary were found to predict a significant proportion of variance in spoken word recognition scores. Results are discussed in terms of factors that influence spoken word recognition accuracy and the relationship between vocabulary size and linguistic development.
Significance of Polymorphisms and Expression of Enzyme-Encoding Genes Related to Glutathione in Hematopoietic Cancers and Solid Tumors

Antioxidant compounds such as glutathione and its enzymes have become the focus of attention of medical sciences. Glutathione, a specific tripeptide, is involved in many intercellular processes. The glutathione concentration is determined by the number of GAG repeats in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. GAG polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, berylliosis, diabetes, lung cancer, and nasopharyngeal tumors. Cancer cells with high glutathione concentration are resistant to chemotherapy treatment. The oxidized form of glutathione is formed by glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). The changes in activity of GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3 isoforms may be associated with the development of cancers, for example, prostate cancer or even colon cancer. Detoxification of glutathione conjugates is possible due to activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTO1 enzymes increase the risk of developing breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) are responsible for glutathione degradation. Increased activity of GGT correlates with adverse prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Studies on genes encoding glutathione enzymes are continued in order to determine the correlation between DNA polymorphisms in cancer patients.
The Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership and Worker Motivation towards the Performance of Educationists

This research aimed to study the relationship between organizational culture, leadership and worker motivation on the performance of educators. To reach the objective, a surevey was conducted among 111 teachers, which was determined by proportionate random sampling in 14 educatuonal institutions of Indonesian National Armed Forces and then the obtained data were analyzed by using correlation methods. In Indonesia, the Army has its own unique spirit, called Sapta Marga and the Soldier's Oath as guidance in performing tasks to achieve organizational goals. The values contained in Sapta Marga and the Soldier's Oath are able to shape the attitudes and behavior of members of the organization, generate pride and spirit of togetherness that create a conducive organizational culture, strong leadership and motivation to improve their performance. Thus, the values contained in the Sapta Marga and the Soldier's Oath are implemented within the Army organizational culture, leadership and motivation of educators to improve the performance of educators.The implementation of the values containted must be done consistently and consequently in order to be internalized in the mindset, action and constructive attitudes of the educators in improving their performance.
Cultural differences in behavior: A few big elephants or an army of ants?

This overview of research on the relationship between behavior and culture is organized as follows. The first section relates how cross-cultural psychology, or cultural psychology, since it emerged in the mid 20th century has reflected a continuous tension between how and how much humans are the same psychologically and to what extent there is cultural specificity in psychological functioning. The second section on the charm of differences argues that research is often biased towards finding differences rather than cross-cultural invariance. The third section briefly outlines problems of cultural bias, or lack of equivalence, in assessment across cultural populations and its implications for interpretation of data. The fourth section makes explicit a theme that is embedded in other sections and reflected in the title, namely the psychological organization of cross-cultural differences. The section challenges the tendency to conceive of such differences as being organized in broad dimensions or psychological functions. This tendency to over-generalize is illustrated in the fifth section for various traditions of research, including the recent tradition of cultural neuroscience where the increasing contributions of Chinese researchers are particularly evident. An outlook and some conclusions are presented in the final section.
Portrait of Counseling Psychology: Demographics, Roles, Activities, and Values Across Three Decades

We summarize the results of a national survey (N = 799) conducted to provide a current snapshot of counseling psychologists, what they do, how and where they do it, and the extent to which they ascribe to specific counseling psychology values. We describe our sample and compare Society of Counseling Psychology (SCP) members to non-SCP counseling psychologists belonging to the American Psychological Association. Of those within the SCP, we compare early career professionals (ECPs) with mid to senior-level professionals. Finally, we compare findings from our survey with those from two previous surveys. Our findings highlight the diversity in the roles, activities, workplaces, and perspectives of contemporary counseling psychologists; differences between counseling psychologists who are SCP members and nonmembers, and between ECPs and more senior professionals; and changes in the profession’s character over time. Considerations for the SCP are discussed.
The effect of work environment, leadership style, and organizational culture towards job satisfaction and its implication towards employee performance in Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the work environment, leadership style and organizational culture on job satisfaction and its implication toward the performance of the employees. ,The research population was the whole 642 employees of Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. The amount of the samples was determined with the formula of Slovin, and the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) sample consideration was equal to 200 employees. As many as 179 questionnaires were returned and sent for analysis. Proportionate stratified sampling was used for the sampling technique, and sample elements were determined by accidental sampling method. The analytical method used in this study was descriptive statistics and SEM–Partial Least Square with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) Statistics 22.0 software and WarpPLS 3.0 program. ,The results show that work environment, leadership style and organizational culture have a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction, but only the leadership style has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance. Job satisfaction does not give a significant and positive effect on employee performance and it is not a mediating variable. ,As indicated by the findings, the role of leaders in hotel industry, in this case general manager (gm), is of importance. Without a high-quality gm, job satisfaction and organizational culture will not be achieved.
Evaluating the Automated Blood Glucose Pattern Detection and Case-Retrieval Modules of the 4 Diabetes Support System®

Background: We have developed a prototypical case-based reasoning system to enhance management of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The system is capable of automatically analyzing large volumes of life events, self-monitoring of blood glucose readings, continuous glucose monitoring system results, and insulin pump data to detect clinical problems. In a preliminary study, manual entry of large volumes of life-event and other data was too burdensome for patients. In this study, life-event and pump data collection were automated, and then the system was reevaluated. Methods: Twenty-three adult T1DM patients on insulin pumps completed the five-week study. A usual daily schedule was entered into the database, and patients were only required to upload their insulin pump data to Medtronic's CareLink® Web site weekly. Situation assessment routines were run weekly for each participant to detect possible problems, and once the trial was completed, the case-retrieval module was tested. Results: Using the situation assessment routines previously developed, the system found 295 possible problems. The enhanced system detected only 2.6 problems per patient per week compared to 4.9 problems per patient per week in the preliminary study (p = .017). Problems detected by the system were correctly identified in 97.9% of the cases, and 96.1% of these were clinically useful. Conclusions: With less life-event data, the system is unable to detect certain clinical problems and detects fewer problems overall. Additional work is needed to provide device/software interfaces that allow patients to provide this data quickly and conveniently.
Modeling Visual Representations: Defining Properties and Deep Approximations

Visual representations are defined in terms of minimal sufficient statistics of visual data, for a class of tasks, that are also invariant to nuisance variability. Minimal sufficiency guarantees that we can store a representation in lieu of raw data with smallest complexity and no performance loss on the task at hand. Invariance guarantees that the statistic is constant with respect to uninformative transformations of the data. We derive analytical expressions for such representations and show that they are related to “feature descriptors” commonly in use in computer vision, as well as to convolutional architectures. This link highlights the assumptions and approximations tacitly assumed by these methods and explains empirical practices such as “gradient clamping” and “joint normalization. ”