Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling High-Dimensional Hierarchical Uncertainty Quantification by ANOVA and Tensor-Train Decomposition

Hierarchical uncertainty quantification can reduce the computational cost of stochastic circuit simulation by employing spectral methods at different levels. This paper presents an efficient framework to simulate hierarchically some challenging stochastic circuits/systems that include high-dimensional subsystems. Due to the high parameter dimensionality, it is challenging to both extract surrogate models at the low level of the design hierarchy and to handle them in the high-level simulation. In this paper, we develop an efficient analysis of variance-based stochastic circuit/microelectromechanical systems simulator to efficiently extract the surrogate models at the low level. In order to avoid the curse of dimensionality, we employ tensor-train decomposition at the high level to construct the basis functions and Gauss quadrature points. As a demonstration, we verify our algorithm on a stochastic oscillator with four MEMS capacitors and 184 random parameters. This challenging example is efficiently simulated by our simulator at the cost of only 10min in MATLAB on a regular personal computer.
The impact of biogenic carbon sources on aerosol absorption in Mexico City

Abstract. In order to determine the wavelength dependence of fine ( The AAE values were compared to stable and radiocarbon isotopic measurements of the 12-h aerosol samples to determine the sources of the aerosol carbon. The fraction of modern carbon (fM) in the aerosol samples, as determined from
Leaf Physiological and Morphological Responses to Shade in Grass-Stage Seedlings and Young Trees of Longleaf Pine

Longleaf pine has been classified as very shade intolerant but leaf physiological plasticity to light is not well understood, especially given longleaf pine's persistent seedling grass stage. We examined leaf morphological and physiological responses to light in one-year-old grass-stage seedlings and young trees ranging in height from 4.6 m to 6.3 m to test the hypothesis that young longleaf pine would demonstrate leaf phenotypic plasticity to light environment. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under ambient levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or a 50% reduction in ambient PAR and whole branches of trees were shaded to provide a 50% reduction in ambient PAR. In seedlings, shading reduced leaf mass per unit area (LMA), the light compensation point, and leaf dark respiration (RD), and increased the ratio of light-saturated photosynthesis to RD and chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll expressed per unit leaf dry weight. In trees, shading reduced LMA, increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll on a leaf dry weight basis, and increased allocation of total foliar nitrogen to chlorophyll nitrogen. Changes in leaf morphological and physiological traits indicate a degree of shade tolerance that may have implications for even and uneven-aged management of longleaf pine.
The Relationship of Attachment Patterns and Inter-group Bias, using Minimal Groups

ABSTRACTThe Relationship of Adult Attachment Patterns and Inter-group Bias, using Minimal GroupsPauline E. LightPhD Psychological SciencesUniversity of California, Merced 2014Dr. Jeff Gilger, Dissertation Committee ChairThe three studies in this dissertation explore the relationship of attachment patterns and inter-group bias using the minimal group paradigm. Participants were undergraduates from four main ethnic groups. Although not all analyses were significant across the three studies, the results did indicate that secure attachment does reduce inter-group bias in randomly created groups in the laboratory (minimal groups). To the author's knowledge, this is the first time that minimal groups have been used to investigate attachment patterns and inter-group bias.In Study 1, securely attached participants and those with both high anxiety and high avoidance showed less intergroup bias towards their out-group in a Face Categorization Task. Securely attached subjects also showed more preference for their in-group. In Study 2, priming with the secure base of attachment was not effective. However, positive affect priming led to less negative reactions toward their out-groups in securely attached and anxiously attached subjects. All three studies showed a preference for the in-group and a stronger identification with the in-group. The strengths and limitations of all three studies are addressed.
‘Yo!’ and ‘Lo!’: The Pragmatic Topography of the Space of Reasons

* Acknowledgments * A Note to the Reader 1. Pragmatism, Pragmatics, and Discourse: Mapping the Terrain * Varieties of Pragmatism * Two Distinctions among Normative Statuses * A Typology of Speech Acts * More about Agent-Relativity and Agent-Neutrality * Several Caveats * Entitlement and Epistemic Responsibility * Where We Go From Here 2. Observatives and the Pragmatics of Perception * Observatives * Observatives and Occasion Sentences * Observing-That and the Declarative Fallacy * The Ineliminability of the First-Person Voice 3. The Pragmatic Structure of Objectivity * Observatives, Observation, and Answerability to the World * Intersubjectivity * Objectivity 4. Anticlimactic Interlude: Why Performatives Are Not That Important to Us 5. Prescriptives and the Metaphysics of Ought-Claims * The Pragmatics of Prescriptives * Four Ways of Telling Someone What to Do * Two Alternative Accounts * Reasons, Claims, and Addresses * Coda: Categorical Imperatives 6. Vocatives, Acknowledgments, and the Pragmatics of Recognition * Two Kinds of Recognitives * Vocatives * Acknowledgments 7. The Essential Second Person * Concrete Habitation of the Space of Reasons * Second-Person Speech * Tellings, Holdings, and Transcendental Vocatives * Speech as Communication and as Calling 8. "We called each other Yo" * Interpellation and Induction into Normative Space * Membership in a Discursive Community * How Many Discursive Communities Are There? * Sharing a World and Learning to See * On the Equiprimordiality and Entanglement of 'Yo! ' and 'Lo! ' * Fugue * Appendix (with Greg Restall): Toward a Formal Pragmatics of Normative Statuses * Index
Genetic effects on life-history traits in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

Background Adaptation to local habitat conditions may lead to the natural divergence of populations in life-history traits such as body size, time of reproduction, mate signaling or dispersal capacity. Given enough time and strong enough selection pressures, populations may experience local genetic differentiation. The genetic basis of many life-history traits, and their evolution according to different environmental conditions remain however poorly understood. Methods We conducted an association study on the Glanville fritillary butterfly, using material from five populations along a latitudinal gradient within the Baltic Sea region, which show different degrees of habitat fragmentation. We investigated variation in 10 principal components, cofounding in total 21 life-history traits, according to two environmental types, and 33 genetic SNP markers from 15 candidate genes. Results We found that nine SNPs from five genes showed strong trend for trait associations (p-values under 0.001 before correction). These associations, yet non-significant after multiple test corrections, with a total number of 1,086 tests, were consistent across the study populations. Additionally, these nine genes also showed an allele frequency difference between the populations from the northern fragmented versus the southern continuous landscape. Discussion Our study provides further support for previously described trait associations within the Glanville fritillary butterfly species across different spatial scales. Although our results alone are inconclusive, they are concordant with previous studies that identified these associations to be related to climatic changes or habitat fragmentation within the Åland population.
Glycine 699 is pivotal for the motor activity of skeletal muscle myosin

Myosin couples ATP hydrolysis to the translocation of actin filaments to power many forms of cellular motility. A striking feature of the structure of the muscle myosin head domain is a 9-nm long "lever arm" that has been postulated to produce a 5-10-nm power stroke. This motion must be coupled to conformational changes around the actin and nucleotide binding sites. The linkage of these sites to the lever arm has been analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved glycine residue (G699) found in a bend joining two helices containing the highly reactive and mobile cysteine residues, SH1 and SH2. Alanine mutagenesis of this glycine (G699A) dramatically alters the motor activity of skeletal muscle myosin, inhibiting the velocity of actin filament movement by > 100-fold. Analysis of the defect in the G699A mutant myosin is consistent with a marked slowing of the transition within the motor domain from a strong binding to a weak binding interaction with actin. This result is interpreted in terms of the role of this residue (G699) as a pivot point for motion of the lever arm. The recombinant myosin used in these experiments has been produced in a unique expression system. A shuttle vector containing a regulated muscle-specific promoter has been developed for the stable expression of recombinant myosin in C2C12 cells. The vector uses the promoter/enhancer region, the first two and the last five exons of an embryonic rat myosin gene, to regulate the expression of an embryonic chicken muscle myosin cDNA. Stable cell lines transfected with this vector express the unique genetically engineered myosin after differentiation into myotubes. The myosin assembles into myofibrils, copurifies with the endogenous myosin, and contains a complement of muscle-specific myosin light chains. The functional activity of the recombinant myosin is readily analyzed with an in vitro motility assay using a species-specific anti-S2 mAb to selectively assay the recombinant protein. This expression system has facilitated manipulation and analysis of the skeletal muscle myosin motor domain and is also amenable to a wide range of structure-function experiments addressing questions unique to the muscle-specific cytoarchitecture and myosin isoforms.
Mph1 kinetochore localization is crucial and upstream in the hierarchy of spindle assembly checkpoint protein recruitment to kinetochores

Summary The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) blocks entry into anaphase until all chromosomes have stably attached to the mitotic spindle through their kinetochores. The checkpoint signal originates from unattached kinetochores, where there is an enrichment of SAC proteins. Whether the enrichment of all SAC proteins is crucial for SAC signaling is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that, in fission yeast, recruitment of the kinase Mph1 is of vital importance for a stable SAC arrest. An Mph1 mutant that eliminates kinetochore enrichment abolishes SAC signaling, whereas forced recruitment of this mutant to kinetochores restores SAC signaling. In bub3&Dgr; cells, the SAC is functional when only Mph1 and the Aurora kinase Ark1, but no other SAC proteins, are enriched at kinetochores. We analyzed the network of dependencies for SAC protein localization to kinetochores and identify a three-layered hierarchy with Ark1 and Mph1 on top, Bub1 and Bub3 in the middle, and Mad3 as well as the Mad1–Mad2 complex at the lower end of the hierarchy. If Mph1 is artificially recruited to kinetochores, Ark1 becomes dispensable for SAC activity. Our results highlight the crucial role of Mph1 at kinetochores and suggest that the Mad1–Mad2 complex does not necessarily need to be enriched at kinetochores for functional SAC signaling.
Vitamin D Deficiency as a Strong Predictor of Asthma in Children

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a link between vitamin D deficiency in early life and development of asthma in later life. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure serum vitamin D levels in asthmatic children and to compare these to healthy non-asthmatic controls. Methods: Asthmatic (n = 483) and healthy control (n = 483) children were recruited from the Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Clinics of Hamad General Hospital and the Primary Health Care Clinics in Qatar from October 2009 to July 2010. All children were below 16 years of age and asthma was diagnosed by a physician. Parents of all children completed extensive questionnaires documenting demographics, child’s feeding practice and vitamin D intake. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, creatinine and parathyroid hormone assays were performed. Subjects with serum containing less than 20 ng/ml vitamin D were deemed deficient. Results: Asthmatic children had significantly reduced serum vitamin D levels compared to non-asthmatic children (p < 0.001); 68.1% of all asthmatics were vitamin D deficient. Asthmatic children had significantly higher degrees of moderate (41.8 vs. 25.1%) and severe (26.3 vs. 11.0%) vitamin D deficiency compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Positive familial history of vitamin D deficiency (35.6%, p = 0.005) and asthma (36.4%, p = 0.009) were significantly higher in asthmatic children. Along with vitamin D deficiency, asthmatics also had reduced phosphorus (p < 0.001) and magnesium (p = 0.001) levels but elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and IgE (p < 0.001). The majority of asthmatic children had less exposure to sunlight (66.7%, p = 0.006) and less physical activity (71.3%, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was the strongest predictor of asthma in this population (OR 4.82; 95% CI 2.41–8.63, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that the majority of asthmatic children had vitamin D deficiency compared to control children. Vitamin D deficiency was the major predictor of asthma in Qatari children.
Associations between Psychosocial Well-being and the Development of Beneficial Time Perspectives

A growing body of research suggests that some time perspective orientations are more beneficial than others with regard to well-being. However, little is known about the factors affecting the development of these time perspectives. This gap in the research was addressed through two studies. Study 1 (N = 218; M = 29.8 years, SD = 11.45) identified ZTPI past positive (PP) as a beneficial time perspective and past negative (PN) as a detrimental time perspective. Structural equation modelling was then used in Study 2 (N = 443; M = 31.2 years, SD = 13.0) to develop two models of the associations between attachment orientation, basic psychological need satisfaction and PP and PN, respectively. While anxious and avoidant attachment orientation were associated with both PP and PN, the three basic psychological needs were differentially associated. The findings of these studies suggest the importance of early childhood care to the development of beneficial time perspectives.
The relationship between metal composition, phenolic acid and flavonoid content in Imleria badia from non-polluted and polluted areas

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the elemental composition, phenolic content and composition and antioxidant properties of Imleria badia (Fr.) Vizzini (former names Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr. , and Xerocomus badius (Fr.) E. -J. Gilbert) fruiting bodies collected from sites with different levels of pollution. Imleria badia was relatively tolerant to soil contamination with toxic elements and was able to grow in As, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations exceeding 15, 2.9, 0.4 and 77 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentration of elements in soil was reflected in the element content in I. badia. The fruiting bodies from polluted sites exhibited significantly higher content of all the analyzed elements. Among 21 individual phenolic compounds only protocatechiuc and caffeic acids, and quercetin were determined in fruiting bodies of I. badia. The differences between the concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds and the total flavonoid content in fruiting bodies of I. badia from unpolluted and polluted sites were not significant. However, the greatest total phenolic content was found in fruiting bodies from the polluted areas. The antioxidative capacity of mushrooms collected from heavily polluted sites was lower than those growing in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of some metals in soil and fruiting soil were positively correlated with phenolic content and IC50.
, Jr . Female Sex Offenders Sex-Based Sentencing : Sentencing Discrepancies Between Male and

The current research examines the utility of the evil woman hypothesis by examining sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders. National Corrections Reporting Program data are used to identify sex offenders for the years 1994 to 2004 and the sentences they received for specific sex offenses. Statistical analyses reveal a significant difference in sentence length between men and women, but not in the expected direction. The evil woman hypothesis would assume women are sentenced more harshly, but data show men receive longer sentences for sex offenses than women. Support is provided for the chivalry hypothesis to explain immediate sentencing disparity.
The Theory of Choice: A Critical Guide

Introduction. Part I: Individual Choice: 1. Rationality. 2. Consumer Theory. 3. How People Choose. 4. Risk, Ignorance and Imagination. 5. Homo Economicus Homo Sociologicus. 6. Autonomy. Part II: Interactive Choice: 7. Game Theory. 8. Bargaining. 9. Game Theory Applied. 10. Organizations. 11. Cultural Exchange. 12. Anarchic Order. Part III: Collective Choice: 13. Social Choice. 14. Democracy. 15. Power. 16. Planning. 17. Agendas. 18. Social Justice. Keywords. Bibliography. Index.
STUDENTS' PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT : SINGLE-SEX VERSUS COEDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS IN PAKISTAN

The purpose of the present study was to find out the differential academic performance and personality development of girls and boys in the single-sex and coeducational primary schools. The academic performance was operationalized in terms of students' scores in fifth grade primary board examination in 2006 obtained from the Punjab Examination Commission. The personality of students was assessed using the Children Personality Questionnaire adapted and translated for the present study. The main effects of the two independent variables i.e. gender and type of school and their interaction on the scores of students was calculated using 2x2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the study showed better academic achievement and personality traits of students in the single-sex schools as compared with those in the coed schools. The coeducational schools had more adverse effect on girls than on boys on both the variables.
Large Margin Component Analysis

Metric learning has been shown to significantly improve the accuracy of k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classification. In problems involving thousands of features, distance learning algorithms cannot be used due to overfitting and high computational complexity. In such cases, previous work has relied on a two-step solution: first apply dimensionality reduction methods to the data, and then learn a metric in the resulting low-dimensional subspace. In this paper we show that better classification performance can be achieved by unifying the objectives of dimensionality reduction and metric learning. We propose a method that solves for the low-dimensional projection of the inputs, which minimizes a metric objective aimed at separating points in different classes by a large margin. This projection is defined by a significantly smaller number of parameters than metrics learned in input space, and thus our optimization reduces the risks of overfitting. Theory and results are presented for both a linear as well as a kernelized version of the algorithm. Overall, we achieve classification rates similar, and in several cases superior, to those of support vector machines.
Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Morphine Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate Cancer Pain.

PURPOSE The WHO guidelines on cancer pain management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate pain should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate cancer pain were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose morphine. The primary outcome was the number of responder patients, defined as patients with a 20% reduction in pain intensity on the numerical rating scale. RESULTS A total of 240 patients with cancer (118 in the low-dose morphine and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose morphine and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder patients was higher in the low-dose morphine group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (≥ 30%) and highly meaningful (≥ 50%) pain reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose morphine group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate analgesia. The general condition of patients, which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the morphine group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION In patients with cancer and moderate pain, low-dose morphine reduced pain intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.
Computer Experiences, Self-Efficacy and Knowledge of Students Enrolled in Introductory University Agriculture Courses

Students (B = 175) enrolled in three freshman-level agriculture courses at a land-grant university during the Fall 1998 semester were surveyed to determine their computer experiences, computer selfefficacy, and computer knowledge. The students reported a variety of computer experiences, with 74.3% having completed a computer use course and 62.3% owning a computer. Over one-half of the students had received formal instruction in word processing (68.6%), fi 1 I e management (42.8%) and spreadsheet use (54.8%). Fewer than one-half had receivedformal instruction in databases (42.3 %) presentation graphics (3 7. I %), the Internet (37. I %), electronic mail (35.4%) or computer programming (28.0%). The students had a below average level of computer self-efficacy. The overall score on the 3.5 item multiple choice test of computer knowledge was low, with a mean of 13.42 (38.3% correct). The number of computer topics studiedwas the bestpredictor of both computer self-efficacy (r = .48) and computer knowledge (I = .45). A substantialpositive correlation (l = .67) existed between computer self-efficacy andcomputer knowledge.