Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reference Intervals of Total Bilirubin, ALT, AST, and Creatinine in Healthy Elderly Chinese

Background The aim of this study was to establish the reference intervals (RIs) of total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatinine (CREA) for apparently healthy elderly (Han ethnicity) in Shuyang, China. Material/Methods A total of 54 912 blood specimens from elderly residents age 65–104 years were collected by standard procedures in Shuyang county of Jiangsu province. TBIL, ALT, AST, and CREA for each participant were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. Distribution and differences of TBIL, ALT, AST, and CREA were analyzed and compared between the elderly of the same age of different sexes and different ages of the same sex. RIs of TBIL, ALT, AST, and CREA were compared with the current RIs. The RIs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using nonparametric method (2.5th–97.5th percentiles) according to the guideline of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results RIs established for the healthy elderly include: TBIL 7.8~30.6 μmol/L for males and 7.3~26.1 μmol/L for females; ALT 8.7~47.3 U/L for males and 8.4~45.2 U/L for females; AST 15.7~46.9 U/L for males and 15.1~46.2 U/L for females; and CREA 45.1~100.9 μmol/L for males and 38.7~85.0 μmol/L for females. Reference intervals of TBIL, ALT, AST, and CREA for male elderly were higher than those of females, and values of CREA increased with increasing age. Conclusions We have established a panel of locally relevant RIs. It is necessary to establish scientific and reasonable RIs of TBIL, ALT, AST, and CREA for the healthy elderly in our region, which will provide a reference for clinicians and inspection officers.
What do people with aphasia think about their health care? Factors influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction

Background: Patient experience and satisfaction play an integral role in driving and directing quality improvement in health care. Although there is an increasing body of literature examining patient satisfaction with health care—including that of stroke patients—few studies have sought to capture the views of patients with aphasia. As a result, the experiences and opinions of people with aphasia on this subject remain unheard. In order to evaluate and improve health care for people with aphasia, there is a need to explore their experiences and resulting levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their health care. Aims: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of people with aphasia with regards to their health care. Methods & Procedures: A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological research approach was used. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 50 participants with aphasia were analysed using qualitative content analysis to identify both categories and themes of health-care satisfaction. Outcomes & Results: Seven categories (areas of care) were identified as influencing participant satisfaction and dissatisfaction: (1) Forming Relationships; (2) Manner and Methods of Service Delivery; (3) Information, Communication and Knowledge; (4) Structure and Relevance of Therapy; (5) Organisational Management; (6) Individual Support; and (7) Positivity and Improvement. In addition, three core themes (described as Information and Communication, Dignity and Respect, and Control and Independence) and two secondary themes (Trust and Support and Understanding) were identified as being overarching areas of influence, appearing across the seven areas of care. Conclusions: This study has identified specific factors and values contributing to the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of people with aphasia with their health care. The findings may enable health providers to better understand the needs of people with aphasia and to implement appropriate improvements to health care and service delivery.
Sedation of children undergoing MRI--a risky business!

On its own magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses little risk to children, but sedation or general anaesthesia used to facilitate the examination increases the risk of adverse events. Conscious sedation may guarantee adult patient compliance in difficult cases; however a deeper level of sedation is required for children aged 6 months - 7 years. Children older than this often comply with instructions to remain still. Infants may go to sleep with a feed.
Recognition memory performance and residential burglary

This paper reports two studies of recognition memory performance in groups of juvenile residential burglars. Memory performance of the burglars was compared in Experiment 1 with police officers and a group of adult householders. In Experiment 2 a second group of juvenile burglars was compared with a group of juvenile offenders who had no experience of housebreaking. All groups were asked first to identify houses in photographs that would be attractive or otherwise to burglars. Subsequently, subjects were given a surprise recognition test where, in some photographs, physical features had been changed. Recognition memory for information about physical features of houses was significantly better for the burglary group than for the police officers, who in turn were better than members of the law-abiding public. In Experiment 2 the juvenile burglars' recognition memory performance was significantly better than the other offenders. These results are interpreted in terms of the burglary subjects possessing a level of expertise associated with their experience of offending. This is a finding with implications for criminology and for the application of cognitive psychology to crime prevention, an area of considerable practical importance. Language: en
Social Exchange in Organizations: Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange, and Employee Reciprocity

Whether Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is a unidimensional or a multidimensional construct was assessed through the development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Item analysis involving 302 working students, followed by construct and criterion-related validation using 249 employees representing two organizations resulted in a multidimensional LMX scale. The results provided support for the affect, loyalty, and contribution dimensions identified by Dienesch and Liden (1986), as well as a fourth dimension, professional respect.
Random matrix model of adiabatic quantum computing

We present an analysis of the quantum adiabatic algorithm for solving hard instances of 3-SAT san NPcomplete problemd in terms of random matrix theory sRMTd. We determine the global regularity of the spectral fluctuations of the instantaneous Hamiltonians encountered during the interpolation between the starting Hamiltonians and the ones whose ground states encode the solutions to the computational problems of interest. At each interpolation point, we quantify the degree of regularity of the average spectral distribution via its Brody parameter, a measure that distinguishes regular si.e. , Poissoniand from chaotic si.e. , Wigner-typed distributions of normalized nearest-neighbor spacings. We find that for hard problem instances—i.e., those having a critical ratio of clauses to variables—the spectral fluctuations typically become irregular across a contiguous region of the interpolation parameter, while the spectrum is regular for easy instances. Within the hard region, RMT may be applied to obtain a mathematical model of the probability of avoided level crossings and concomitant failure rate of the adiabatic algorithm due to nonadiabatic Landau-Zener-type transitions. Our model predicts that if the interpolation is performed at a uniform rate, the average failure rate of the quantum adiabatic algorithm, when averaged over hard problem instances, scales exponentially with increasing problem size.
A Case for Argumentation to Enable Human-Robot Collaboration

A case is made for logical argumentation as a means for enabling true collaboration between human and robot partners. The majority of human-robot systems involve interactions in which a human requests a robot to perform a task, and the robot reports its findings. The relationship between human and robot is one in which the robot is subordinate, and all high-level decision making is performed by the human. In contrast, when humans collaborate with each other, they interact in various relationships, some of which are subordinate, while others are truly collaborative. Successful instances of such relationships involve dialogue in which each party presents ideas, these are discussed, and a shared conclusion is agreed upon. This type of dialogue, which promotes dynamic exchange of ideas, does not exist in today’s human-robot systems. Indeed the primary focus in human-robot dialogue is on the method of delivery, while the content is typically chosen from scripted sequences. However, in order to enable human-robot partnerships, both parties must be able to participate in constructive dialogue where the content and sequence of utterances can adjust dynamically as the discussion ensues. Argumentation is a method that can support such needs, as is demonstrated here.
The Relationship of Learning Environment, Quality of Life, and Study Strategies Measures to Anesthesiology Resident Academic Performance

BACKGROUND:We designed this study to determine the academic performance of anesthesia residents as related to their differential characteristics on some affective-motivational variables, represented by perceptions about their educational environment, subjective quality of life, and learning and study strategies. METHODS:The study sample consisted of 63 anesthesia residents who completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Inventory, the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure, the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, and a progress test on basic sciences on two to four measurement occasions during a 2-year period. A growth curve model was fit to the academic performance. Mantel-Haenszel tests identified independent predictors of academic performance on progress tests. RESULTS:Mean rating at the first measuring occasion was 41%. There was a statistically significant improvement over time (slope = 7% per 6-m period; P < 0.01). Analysis of the random effects showed significant individual differences in the intercept. The residents’ scores improved at an equivalent rate over the course of the residency. The independent predictors of academic performance were anxiety, motivation, and ability in selecting main ideas. CONCLUSIONS:Knowledge growth on basic sciences during anesthesia residency is significantly associated to the level of anxiety related to study and achievement, to the motivation for learning and for personal improvement, and to the ability in selecting main ideas from subject matters to which residents are exposed during learning episodes.
Using a Social Story™ with an adult diagnosed with a Learning Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A qualitative analysis of a mother and daughter’s experience

Literature Review: A meta-ethnography synthesised nine papers to explore the question ‘How do family members of an individual with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make sense of their experience? ’ Papers included the experiences of parents, grandparents and siblings of an individual with ASD. Reciprocal translations synthesised eight themes; autism is not our relative, family life revolves around autism, the stress and strain of being a family with autism, tolerating that autism can bring aggression, families’ accepting and seeking to understand autism, families’ celebrate their relative’s achievements and cherish happy moments, feeling judged and isolated by others, and fighting an inaccessible system. These themes provide insight into families’ experiences and were considered in relation to a model of parental stress (Deater-Deckard, 1998). Recommendations for more qualitative research in the UK were made. Research Report: Background: Social StoriesTM are an intervention which provides contextual information to individuals with ASD (Gray & Garand, 1993). The evidence base for use with adults is limited and little is known about the experience of using this intervention. Aim: This paper asked “What are the experiences of an adult diagnosed with a Learning Disability and ASD, and their carer who have used a Social StoryTM? ” Design: A participant and carer used a Social StoryTM and participated in a semistructured interview. Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was initially undertaken and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA, Smith et al., 2009) was subsequently undertaken to allow a more interpretative analysis of the data. Results: Thematic Analysis highlighted the explicit cognitive behavioural, information processing explanations of the story’s benefit. In contrast, the IPA illuminated a relational aspect of using the story, reflected in the over-arching theme; ‘need to contain separation anxiety’. Conclusion: These two psychological processes may be occurring in parallel when using a Social StoryTM and this area requires further research. Critical Appraisal: This paper offers reflections on the process of undertaking the thesis.
Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often require anticoagulation and platelet inhibition, but data are limited on the bleeding risk of combination therapy. METHODS We performed a cohort study using nationwide registries to identify all Danish patients surviving first-time hospitalization for AF between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2006, and their posthospital therapy of warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, and combinations of these drugs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risks of nonfatal and fatal bleeding. RESULTS A total of 82,854 of 118,606 patients (69.9%) surviving AF hospitalization had at least 1 prescription filled for warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel after discharge. During mean (SD) follow-up of 3.3 (2.6) years, 13,573 patients (11.4%) experienced a nonfatal or fatal bleeding. The crude incidence rate for bleeding was highest for dual clopidogrel and warfarin therapy (13.9% per patient-year) and triple therapy (15.7% per patient-year). Using warfarin monotherapy as a reference, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the combined end point was 0.93 (0.88-0.98) for aspirin, 1.06 (0.87-1.29) for clopidogrel, 1.66 (1.34-2.04) for aspirin-clopidogrel, 1.83 (1.72-1.96) for warfarin-aspirin, 3.08 (2.32-3.91) for warfarin-clopidogrel, and 3.70 (2.89-4.76) for warfarin-aspirin-clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AF, all combinations of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel are associated with increased risk of nonfatal and fatal bleeding. Dual warfarin and clopidogrel therapy and triple therapy carried a more than 3-fold higher risk than did warfarin monotherapy.
An Algorithm for Multi-Criteria Optimization in CSPs

Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization are important areas of Artificial Intelligence. However, in many real-life applications, more functions should be optimized at the same time; the user needs to be provided a set of solutions and a posteriori choose the most preferable. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for solving Multi-Criteria Optimization problems in this setting. The algorithm is complete, i.e., it finds all the non-dominated solutions, and does not make any assumption on the structure of the constraints nor on the type of the objective functions. It exploits Point Quad-Trees for the representation of the non-dominated frontier, in order to efficiently access the data. We describe the implementation and give experimental results showing that our algorithm outperforms widely used methods.
PREDISPOSING AND RISK FACTORS OF UMBILICAL CORD PROLAPSE

Abstract. Altogether 117 deliveries (0.14%) out of 82 308 were complicated by umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) in the obstetrical department of Tampere University Central Hospital in the period 1962–81. The gross perinatal mortality rate in the present study was 16.2%, but during the last 5‐year period the incidence of UCP (0.09%) as well as the perinatal mortality rate (5.9%) declined significantly. UCP seemed to be more prevalent during the first half of the year. The most prominent precipitating factors for the occurrence of UCP seemed to be abnormal presentation, multiple pregnancy, low birth weight, and multiparity. Amnio‐tomy seemed not to increase the risk for UCP. Diminished perinatal mortality figures were closely associated with increased cesarean section rates in the management of deliveries complicated by UCP. Cesarean section is therefore recommended as the treatment of choice for deliveries complicated by UCP.
Hippocampal gamma‐slow oscillation coupling in macaques during sedation and sleep

Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence suggests that the slow (≤1 Hz) oscillation (SO) during sleep plays a role in consolidating hippocampal (HIPP)‐dependent memories. The effects of the SO on HIPP activity have been studied in rodents and cats both during natural sleep and during anesthetic administration titrated to mimic sleep‐like slow rhythms. In this study, we sought to document these effects in primates. First, HIPP field potentials were recorded during ketamine‐dexmedetomidine sedation and during natural sleep in three rhesus macaques. Sedation produced regionally‐specific slow and gamma (∼40 Hz) oscillations with strong coupling between the SO phase and gamma amplitude. These same features were seen in slow‐wave sleep (SWS), but the coupling was weaker and the coupled gamma oscillation had a higher frequency (∼70 Hz) during SWS. Second, electrical stimuli were delivered to HIPP afferents in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) during sedation to assess the effects of sleep‐like SO on excitability. Gamma bursts after the peak of SO cycles corresponded to periods of increased gain of monosynaptic connections between the PHG and HIPP. However, the two PHG‐HIPP connectivity gains during sedation were both substantially lower than when the animal was awake. We conclude that the SO is correlated with rhythmic excitation and inhibition of the PHG‐HIPP network, modulating connectivity and gamma generators intrinsic to this network. Ketamine‐dexmedetomidine sedation produces a similar effect, but with a decreased contribution of the PHG to HIPP activity and gamma generation.
Confirmation of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Variants, ARID5B and IKZF1, and Interaction with Parental Environmental Exposures

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have established association of ARID5B and IKZF1 variants with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors alone appear to make a relatively minor contribution to disease risk. The polygenic nature of childhood ALL predisposition together with the timing of environmental triggers may hold vital clues for disease etiology. This study presents results from an Australian GWAS of childhood ALL cases (n = 358) and population controls (n = 1192). Furthermore, we utilised family trio (n = 204) genotypes to extend our investigation to gene-environment interaction of significant loci with parental exposures before conception, and child’s sex and age. Thirteen SNPs achieved genome wide significance in the population based case/control analysis; ten annotated to ARID5B and three to IKZF1. The most significant SNPs in these regions were ARID5B rs4245595 (OR 1.63, CI 1.38–1.93, P = 2.13×10−9), and IKZF1 rs1110701 (OR 1.69, CI 1.42–2.02, p = 7.26×10−9). There was evidence of gene-environment interaction for risk genotype at IKZF1, whereby an apparently stronger genetic effect was observed if the mother took folic acid or if the father did not smoke prior to pregnancy (respective interaction P-values: 0.04, 0.05). There were no interactions of risk genotypes with age or sex (P-values >0.2). Our results evidence that interaction of genetic variants and environmental exposures may further alter risk of childhood ALL however, investigation in a larger population is required. If interaction of folic acid supplementation and IKZF1 variants holds, it may be useful to quantify folate levels prior to initiating use of folic acid supplements.
Evaluation of effect of 3D video glasses on perceived pain and unpleasantness induced by restorative dental treatment

Previous studies on modulation of anxiety, pain and unpleasantness have documented a positive effect of video glasses (I‐Glasses™, Virtual i‐O™, Seattle, USA) on the perceived pain and unpleasantness under different laboratory and clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether distraction induced by video glasses also had an effect on the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness during dental treatment. Pain and unpleasantness was evoked by the preparation (drilling) of a minor dental cavity (class I). Twenty‐three patients (17 female and six male, age range 20–49 years) with a need for an occlusal dental restoration in two homologous teeth participated in the study. In this split‐mouth design, the patient received the dental treatment wearing 3D video glasses and without video glasses (control situation) in a randomized order. The tooth cavities were prepared in accordance with conventional techniques after mounting the video glasses. The patient rated the intensity of pain and unpleasantness on 100 mm visual analogue scales (VASs) after preparation of the first cavity; immediately after, the opposite tooth was prepared and again the volunteer rated the intensity of pain and unpleasantness. The cavities were then filled using a routine composite technique. Eventually, the patient indicated whether she would prefer video glasses or not if she were to have another filling and what the expectations of the effect had been. Differences in VAS ratings in the video and control situation were tested by Student's t ‐test. There was no statistically significant effect on the perceived pain (p=0.90) or unpleasantness (p=0.39), but the majority (74%) of the patients would still prefer to wear video glasses if they were to have another dental filling, and 73% had expected a positive effect of the video glasses. These findings suggest that perceived intensity of dental pain is resistant to a simple distraction technique.