Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DSM-5 eating disorders and other specified eating and feeding disorders: is there a meaningful differentiation?

OBJECTIVE In the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders, two main groups appear, threshold eating disorders (TED; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder), and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED). In addition to calculating prevalence of these two groups, we examined the degree to which they could be differentiated in terms of impairment and risk factors. METHOD Adolescent female twins (N = 699) were interviewed with the Eating Disorder Examination on three occasions spanning 12.70-19.84 years of age. Assessments also included self-report measures related to impairment and risk. RESULTS Prevalence of DSM-5 ED in this adolescent population was 10.4%; 5.4% for TED and 5% for OSFED. Impairment levels did not distinguish TED and OSFED groups at any wave. Examination of latent risk factors showed TED and OSFED groups to share a common genetic basis; however, largely nonoverlapping unique environmental influences contributed to the two groups. Specific risk factors commonly differentiated the no ED and TED groups, but not OSFED. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that TED and OSFED groups cannot be discriminated by prevalence or impairment or genetic risk factors. It is anticipated that OSFED will possess limited clinical utility for adolescents. Future research should examine clinical cases of these two groups in terms of meaningful differences, and a research focus should be maintained on both groups. Further examination of specific environmental risk factors that may attenuate the level of symptoms between the two groups may provide useful information for prevention efforts.
The Relationship among Aspects of Cognitive Style and Language-Bound/Language-Optional Perception to Musicians' Performance in Aural Discrimination Tasks

To address the problem of individual differences in musical-aural skills, this study examined the predictor variables of field dependence/field independence, reflection/impulsivity, and language-optional/language-bound perception. A random sample of 75 college freshman music majors served as subjects in the study. Variables were operationalized through tests of Group Embedded Figures, Matching Familiar Figures, Temporal Order Discrimination, Fusion, and Aural Skills. Data were analyzed through multiple regression and analysis of variance procedures. The major findings of the study indicated that (1) measures of Temporal Order Discrimination, Group Embedded Figures, Fusion, and Matching Familiar Figures are statistically significant predictors of achievement in aural skills; (2) the relationship of reflection/impulsivity to achievement in aural skills appears to be negligible; and (3) the variance attributable to language-bound/language-optional and field dependence/field independence indicates the possible practical significance of these variables for aural skills instruction.
The Grandchildren Received Affection Scale: Examining Affectual Solidarity Factors

Because the use of affectionate communication may differ across relational contexts (Mansson & Booth-Butterfield, 2011), the purpose of this study was to develop a measure to assess grandchildren's received affectionate communication from their grandparents. Participants (N = 662) were young adult grandchildren recruited from two public universities. The results of principal component analyses, Pearson correlations, one-sampled t tests, and multiple linear regressions indicate that grandchildren receive four types of affectionate communication from their grandparents: love and esteem; caring; memories and stories; and celebratory affection. The results further indicate that grandchildren's reports of received affection from their grandparents are related positively to, and generally predictive of, their relational characteristics (i.e., liking, relational satisfaction, and communication satisfaction) with their grandparents. These findings provide a valuable contribution to both the affectionate communication and the grandparent-grandchild literature.
Television Web Sites and Changes in the Nature of Storytelling

The study performs a content analysis of news pages from television station web sites in the United States. Internet users have little reason to seek out a television web site for more information about stories because, in many cases, the web site provides less information than the on-air story. Text-only stories are the most common. Only 36.5% of sites used video. Almost 55% of the television stations did not have additional information about on-air stories on their site. Links to different resources that would add to on-air news information were found on 43% of sampled sites. Network affiliation was a factor in the type of information included online. CBS affiliates were more likely to provide more information on their web sites than other affiliates. Market size had little impact on the type of information found on television station web sites.
Tissue Microarray Analysis of Ezrin, KBA.62, CD166, Nestin, and p-Akt in Melanoma Versus Banal and Atypical Nevi, and Nonmelanocytic Lesions

Multiple melanocytic markers are useful for differentiating between melanoma and nonmelanocytic lesions but generally do not distinguish melanoma from nevi and atypical melanocytic lesions. We sought to determine if several immunohistochemical markers recently described in the literature, including ezrin, KBA.62, p-Akt, CD166, and nestin, may be helpful in distinguishing these lesions. One hundred ten tissue microarray samples were scored for nestin and CD166 and 220 samples for ezrin, KBA.62, and p-Akt. We found that putative stem cell markers nestin and CD166 were both expressed in most melanomas (86% and 65% of samples, respectively), including desmoplastic melanoma, but were also expressed at similar levels in nevi (79% and 74%, respectively). In addition, these markers were not specific for melanocytic lesions. Ezrin was also expressed in both nevi and melanoma (81% each), including desmoplastic melanoma (75%), and in neural tumors. KBA.62 stained more cases of nevi versus melanoma (93% and 65%, respectively) and was positive in 53% of desmoplastic melanoma. However, it was also positive in several nonmelanocytic tumors. P-Akt expression was generally weak but was increased in nevi (75%) versus melanoma (43%), and was lost in desmoplastic melanomas (5%). Overall, only KBA.62 and p-Akt expression differed between melanoma and nevi, and none of these markers were completely specific for melanocytic tumors versus nonmelanocytic lesions.
Competition and collaboration in requirements engineering: A case study of an emerging software ecosystem

Increasingly, small to medium software producing organisations are working together in collaboration networks to supply complex compositions of their products and services to customers. In this paper, we present a case study of two software companies that are evolving their partnership towards the creation of a software ecosystem. We investigate the impacts of their tightening partnership on software product management, with a focus on requirements engineering practices. We observe that the requirements definition and negotiation processes are directly affected by their fluid collaborative and competitive relationships. Power disputes, volatile roles and mismatches in release synchronisation are also aspects observed in the studied software ecosystem.We extract several observations from the case study that support small to medium software firms in making decisions within their software ecosystem.
Classroom Talk and the Learning of New Registers in a Second Language

This paper describes the role of student-teacher interactions in the development of English, focusing on the more formal academic registers of school, among 9- and 10-year-old ESL students in an inner city mainstream primary classroom in Sydney. The interactions between teacher and learners appeared to play a significant part in facilitating the acquisition of English associated with the science topic that the students were studying, and in the development of literacy skills. Significant factors in this process lay in the place of the interaction within a linguistically based sequence of tasks, and in the degree of student initiation within the interactions. The paper also suggests the need for a broader theoretical base for ESL research in schools,which takes account of both the social and linguistic contexts in which learning occurs.
Ethnicity's Shadows: Race, Religion, and Nationality as Alternative Identities among Recent United States Arrivals

In recent decades, ethnicity has received increasing academic attention—and popular acceptance—as a core aspect of identity and one that is particularly relevant to immigrants. But is this notion of ethnicity salient to the immigrants themselves? This article provides a set of quantitative snapshots of the way new arrivals to the United States identify themselves and their children. The data—a set of annual surveys of recent refugee arrivals—suggest that in response to specific questions about “ethnicity,” newcomers often provide what from American perspectives are not “ethnic” responses. In particular, race and religion are frequently offered as ethnic identity. Furthermore, nationality can also override ethnicity. Parents, for example, sometimes categorize recent United States-born children as ethnically “American” even though the rest of the family retains its previous non-United States identity. Such identity choices reveal much about the starting point of migrant adjustment. They are also invaluable for the broader analysis of the logic, history, contingencies, and internal tensions of United States—and Euro-American—notions of ethnicity.
Impact of language planning on language choice in friendship and transaction domains in Sarawak, Malaysia

This paper shows that language planning in government-controlled domains has a spill-over effect in domains where language use is not regulated by language policies. Language planning in post-colonial Malaysia can be broadly divided into three phases: status planning whereby English was replaced by Bahasa Malaysia as the official language; remission in status planning whereby English was allowed restricted status as the medium of instruction for science and mathematics; and reinforced status planning for Bahasa Malaysia as a tool for unity. By ensuring that Malaysians are proficient in Bahasa Malaysia, the government has engendered the voluntary use of Bahasa Malaysia and its varieties for inter-ethnic communication in the friendship and transaction domains. There is a gradation in language use from the lower to the upper end of the transaction domain for inter-ethnic communication as follows: Bazaar Malay in the market, Sarawak Malay in shops, and Bahasa Malaysia in hotels. The role of English as a language for inter-ethnic communication is gradually being supplanted by Bahasa Malaysia, leaving English to function in domains such as law, the private sector, and higher education. The prominence of these two languages in the national and international arena, respectively, reduces the priority given to ethnic languages in friendship and transactional domains.
Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension with Continuous Intravenous Prostacyclin (Epoprostenol): Results of a Randomized Trial

Study objective To determine the efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) in primary pulmonary hypertension. Design Randomized trial with 8-week treatment periods and nonrandomized treatment for up to 18 months. Setting Four referral centers. Patients Sequential sample of 24 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Nineteen patients completed the study. Four patients died and one left the study because of adverse effects (pulmonary edema). Interventions Continuous intravenous prostacyclin administered by portable infusion pump at doses determined by acute responses during baseline catheterization in ten patients. Nine patients were treated with anticoagulants, oral vasodilators, and diuretics. Measurements and main results Starting with a baseline value for total pulmonary resistance of 21.6 units, there was a decrease of 7.9 units (95% CI, -13.1 to -2.2; P = 0.022) in the prostacyclin-treated group after 8 weeks; there was virtually no change in the conventional therapy group (from 20.6 to 20.4 units, not significant). Six of ten prostacyclin-treated patients who completed the 8-week study period had reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 10 mm Hg, whereas only one of nine in the conventional treatment group had a similar response (P = 0.057). Nine patients receiving prostacyclin for up to 18 months have persistent hemodynamic effects, although dose requirements have increased with time. Complications have been attributable to the drug delivery system. Conclusions Prostacyclin produces substantial and sustained hemodynamic and symptomatic responses in severe primary pulmonary hypertension and may be useful in the management of some patients with this disease.
From Research to Practice

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act introduces a new discretionary category of preschool eligibility: “developmental delay. ” A recent DEC position paper supports the use of this new category but raises concerns about the transition from the broad category of developmental delay instead of eligibility categories commonly used in elementary school. Investigators at UCLA have been following two cohorts of young children with developmental delays and their families since 1979. Findings from these longitudinal studies relate directly to the concerns raised in the DEC document and support the introduction of the new category of eligibility.
Myogenic cells fates are antagonized by Notch only in asymmetric lineages of the Drosophila heart, with or without cell division

During the formation of the Drosophila heart, a combinatorial network that integrates signaling pathways and tissue-specific transcription factors specifies cardiac progenitors, which then undergo symmetric or asymmetric cell divisions to generate the final population of diversified cardiac cell types. Much has been learned concerning the combinatorial genetic network that initiates cardiogenesis, whereas little is known about how exactly these cardiac progenitors divide and generate the diverse population of cardiac cells. In this study, we examined the cell lineages and cell fate determination in the heart by using various cell cycle modifications. By arresting the cardiac progenitor cell divisions at different developing stages, we determined the exact cell lineages for most cardiac cell types. We found that once cardiac progenitors are specified, they can differentiate without further divisions. Interestingly, the progenitors of asymmetric cell lineages adopt a myocardial cell fate as opposed to a pericardial fate when they are unable to divide. These progenitors adopt a pericardial cell fate, however, when cell division is blocked in numb mutants or in embryos with constitutive Notch activity. These results suggest that a numb/Notch-dependent cell fate decision can take place even in undivided progenitors of asymmetric cell divisions. By contrast, in symmetric lineages, which give rise to a single type of myocardial-only or pericardial-only progeny, repression or constitutive activation of the Notch pathway has no apparent effect on progenitor or progeny fate. Thus, inhibition of Notch activity is crucial for specifying a myogenic cell fate only in asymmetric lineages. In addition, we provide evidence that whether or not Suppressor-of-Hairless can become a transcriptional activator is the key switch for the Numb/Notch activity in determining a myocardial versus pericardial cell fate.
Correlations of oral bacterial arginine and urea catabolism with caries experience.

BACKGROUND/AIM Alkali generation by oral bacteria plays a key role in plaque pH homeostasis and may be a major impediment to the development of dental caries. To determine if the capacity of oral samples to produce ammonia from arginine or urea was related to caries experience, the arginine deiminase system (ADS) and urease activity in saliva and dental plaque samples were measured in 45 adult subjects. METHODS The subjects were divided into three groups according to caries status; 13 caries-free (CF) individuals (decayed, missing, and filled teeth = 0); 21 caries-active (CA) individuals (decayed teeth >or= 4); and 11 caries-experienced (CE) individuals (decayed teeth = 0; missing and filled teeth > 0). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the proportion of certain acid- or alkali-producing organisms in the samples. RESULTS The amount of ammonia generated from the test substrates by plaque samples was generally higher than that produced by salivary samples in all groups. Significantly higher levels of salivary ADS activity and plaque urease activity were observed in CF subjects compared to CA subjects (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.014, respectively). The proportions of Streptococcus mutans from saliva and dental plaque of CA subjects were significantly higher than those from the CF group (P = 0.0153 and P = 0.0009, respectively). In the CA group, there was an inverse relationship between urease activity and the levels of S. mutans (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study supports the theory that increased caries risk is associated with reduced alkali-generating capacity of the bacteria colonizing the oral cavity; providing compelling evidence to further our understanding of oral alkali-generation in health and disease.
The learning value of computer-based instruction of early reading skills

Abstract This study examined the unique contribution of computer-based instruction when compared with more conventional modes of instruction (i.e. teacher instruction with textbooks) to early reading skills acquisition, as well as the effects of specific features of computer technology on early reading skills performance. Forty-six pre-school children (aged 5–6), at high risk for learning disabilities, participated in the study. They were assigned to one of three study groups that received different treatments. Three dependent variables were defined, i.e. children's phonological awareness, word recognition and letter recognition skills measured prior and after the treatment. Results clearly indicated that children at high risk who received the reading intervention program with computer materials significantly improved their phonological awareness, word recognition, and letter naming skills relative to their peers who received a reading intervention program with only printed materials and those who received no formal reading intervention program. The results are discussed in detail, with reference to the features of the computer-based materials that contributed to the acquisition of critical early reading skills.
The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. The study of bactericidal nanomaterials is particularly timely considering the recent increase of new resistant strains of bacteria to the most potent antibiotics. This has promoted research in the well known activity of silver ions and silver-based compounds, including silver nanoparticles. The present work studies the effect of silver nanoparticles in the range of 1–100 nm on Gram-negative bacteria using high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Our results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of ∼1–10 nm.
Gender and job attitudes: a re‐examination and extension

Job attitudes, such as work commitment and job satisfaction, have attracted academic and practitioner attention for a number of reasons. Previous research indicates that such attitudes have important organizational consequences, such as turnover, effort expenditure, and productivity. Earlier findings indicate that men and women have different attitudes towards their jobs. In this study, using a sample of 228 employees, the effects of gender on job attitudes was investigated. The results suggest support for the job model or structuralist perspective; that is, women and men have similar job attitudes once we control for work‐related and other variables.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging for Differentiation of Thyroid Nodules

Background Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI)-Imaging is an ultrasound-based elastography method enabling quantitative measurement of tissue stiffness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of ARFI-imaging for differentiation of thyroid nodules and to compare it to the well evaluated qualitative real-time elastography (RTE). Methods ARFI-imaging involves the mechanical excitation of tissue using acoustic pulses to generate localized displacements resulting in shear-wave propagation which is tracked using correlation-based methods and recorded in m/s. Inclusion criteria were: nodules ≥5 mm, and cytological/histological assessment. All patients received conventional ultrasound, real-time elastography (RTE) and ARFI-imaging. Results One-hundred-fifty-eight nodules in 138 patients were available for analysis. One-hundred-thirty-seven nodules were benign on cytology/histology, and twenty-one nodules were malignant. The median velocity of ARFI-imaging in the healthy thyroid tissue, as well as in benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 1.76 m/s, 1.90 m/s, and 2.69 m/s, respectively. While no significant difference in median velocity was found between healthy thyroid tissue and benign thyroid nodules, a significant difference was found between malignant thyroid nodules on the one hand and healthy thyroid tissue (p = 0.0019) or benign thyroid nodules (p = 0.0039) on the other hand. No significant difference of diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules was found between RTE and ARFI-imaging (0.74 vs. 0.69, p = 0.54). The combination of RTE with ARFI did not improve diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions ARFI can be used as an additional tool in the diagnostic work up of thyroid nodules with high negative predictive value and comparable results to RTE.
Capillary electrophoresis of urinary prostate glycoproteins assists in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Prostate marker assays are widely used for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) but are associated with considerable sensitivity and specificity problems. Therefore, we investigated prostatic protein glycosylation profiles as a potential biomarker. We determined the urinary asparagine‐linked glycan (N‐glycan) profile of prostatic proteins of healthy volunteers (n = 25), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n = 62) and newly diagnosed PCa patients (n = 42) using DNA‐sequencer‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Through squeezing of the prostate, a sufficient amount of prostatic proteins was obtained for direct structural analyses of N‐glycan structures. N‐glycans of PCa compared to BPH were characterized by a significant decrease in triantennary structures (p = 0.047) and overall fucosylation (p = 0.026). Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and the urinary glycoprofile marker showed comparable overall receiver operating characteristic curve analysis as well as in the diagnostic gray zone with serum PSA values between 4 and 10 μg/L. However, when combining PSA and the urinary glycoprofile marker, the latter gave an additive diagnostic value to serum PSA (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, N‐glycosylation profiling demonstrated differences between BPH and PCa. These changes could lead to the discovery of a new biomarker for PCa.