Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marital status differences in burnout among educational stakeholders: A meta-analysis

This study aims to determine the effect sizes of burnout levels of educational stakeholders in terms of marital status. It consists of classroom and branch teachers, preschool teachers, principals and vice-principals, supervisors and academicians. 48 empirical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was the only inventory used in included studies. 49 effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated for each of the dimensions of MBI. For emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and (reduced) personal achievement, combined effect sizes were calculated as -0,035, -0,109 and 0,039 respectively for random effect model. These results indicate that the effect sizes for marital status were on trivial level and favouring single educators in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions whereas for married ones in personal achievement dimension. Due to medium heterogeneity, moderator analyses were also done. Genisletilmis Turkce Ozet Makalenin Sonundadir
DIRECTIONAL SELECTION IN TEMPORALLY REPLICATED STUDIES IS REMARKABLY CONSISTENT

Temporal variation in selection is a fundamental determinant of evolutionary outcomes. A recent paper presented a synthetic analysis of temporal variation in selection in natural populations. The authors concluded that there is substantial variation in the strength and direction of selection over time, but acknowledged that sampling error would result in estimates of selection that were more variable than the true values. We reanalyze their dataset using techniques that account for the necessary effect of sampling error to inflate apparent levels of variation and show that directional selection is remarkably constant over time, both in magnitude and direction. Thus we cannot claim that the available data support the existence of substantial temporal heterogeneity in selection. Nonetheless, we conject that temporal variation in selection could be important, but that there are good reasons why it may not appear in the available data. These new analyses highlight the importance of applying techniques that estimate parameters of the distribution of selection, rather than parameters of the distribution of estimated selection (which will reflect both sampling error and “real” variation in selection); indeed, despite availability of methods for the former, focus on the latter has been common in synthetic reviews of the aspects of selection in nature, and can lead to serious misinterpretations.
Medical Science in Wikipedia: The Construction of Scientific Knowledge in Open Science Projects

Wikipedia has challenged the way traditional encyclopedia knowledge is built and contested by creating an open socio-technical environment that allows non-domain experts to contribute to scientific and medical knowledge. The open nature of Wikipedia has been successful, but there are concerns about the quality and trustworthiness of its articles. The goal of my research is to build a theoretical framework to explain the dynamic of knowledge building in crowd-sourcing based environments like Wikipedia and judge the trustworthiness of the medical articles based on the dynamic network data. By applying Actor Network Theory and Social Network Analysis, the contribution of my research is theoretical and practical as to build a theory on the dynamics of knowledge building in Wikipedia across times and to offer insights for developing citizen science crowd-sourcing platforms by better understanding how editors interact to build health science content.
The construct validation of self-ratings of communicative language ability

The trait structure of an experimental self-rating test of communicative language ability was investigated through the use of MTMM design and CFA procedure. The language abilities we attempted to measure comprised three main traits: grammatical competence, pragmatic competence, and socio linguistic competence. Three different question types were used. The subjects were 116 non-native English speakers from the Salt Lake City area. The results of this study indicate that self-ratings can be reliable and valid measures of communicative language abilities. The obtained reliabilities were much higher than had been expected, and all the self-rating measures had strong loadings on a general factor. In addition, some measures proved to be reasonably good indicators of specific language abilities. The measures of grammatical com petence appear to be better indicators of this trait than are the measures of pragmatic and sociolinguistic competence. Of the three question types used, the most effective appears to be that which asked about subjects' perceived diffi culty with various aspects of the language. The least effective question type was the so-called can-do question.
Correlates of Collective Efficacy in the Italian Air Force

Military technicians (N= 202) of the Telecommunication Maintenance Unit (TMU), as well as military staff (N= 185) in the Italian Air Force (IAF), were administered a questionnaire measuring self- and collective efficacy, perceptions of context (colleagues, direct superior, and top management), organisational commitment, and job satisfaction. Structural equation models support the hypothesised relationship among variables. Self-efficacy and perceptions of context were related to collective efficacy which in turn was related to organisational commitment and job satisfaction. Collective efficacy was explained by self-efficacy and by perceptions of context. In addition, organisational commitment was explained by collective efficacy, more so than job satisfaction. Perceptions of colleagues, direct superior, and top management were mainly related to job satisfaction. 202 techniciens militaires de l'Unite de Maintenance des Telecommunications ainsi que 185 militaires des Forces Aeriennes Italiennes ont rempli un questionnaire portant sur l'efficience personnelle et collective, la perception de l'environnement (les collegues, le superieur immediat et le haut de la hierarchie), l'implication organisationnelle et la satisfaction professionnelle. Des modeles en equations structurales ont confirme les relations supposees entre les variables. L'efficience personnelle et la perception de l'environnement etaient liees a l'efficience collective qui etait elle-meme en relation avec l'implication organisationnelle et la satisfaction professionnelle. L'efficience collective procedait de l'efficience personnelle et de la perception de l'environnement. En outre, l'implication organisationnelle dependait de l'efficience collective, plus que de la satisfaction professionnelle. La perception des collegues, du superieur immediat et du haut de la hierarchie etaient principalement en rapport avec la satisfaction professionnelle.
Theory of mind, logical form and eliminativism

I argue for a cognitive architecture in which folk psychology is supported by an interface of a ToM module and the language faculty, the latter providing the former with interpreted LF structures which form the content representations of ToM states. I show that LF structures satisfy a range of key features asked of contents. I confront this account of ToM with eliminativism and diagnose and combat the thought that "success" and innateness are inconsistent with the falsity of folk psychology. I show that, while my ensemble account of ToM and language refutes the culturalist presuppositions that tend to underlie eliminativist arguments, the falsity of folk psychology is consistent with the account.
Talking ‘Bout My Generation’

Much of the literature regarding correctional officer job stress and job satisfaction has examined the roles of organizational and demographic variables. This study examined the relationships among generation, job stress, and job satisfaction of correctional officers in a southern prison system. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the relative impact of demographic variables and generation on job stress and job satisfaction, as well as the impact that stress and satisfaction have on one another. Results indicate that generation membership and job stress significantly shape correctional officers’ perceptions regarding job satisfaction. Conversely, gender and job satisfaction significantly influence job stress. The authors recommend that further research on generational differences among correctional officers be undertaken to assess the overall impact that generation has on employee perceptions of correctional employment.
Still Pretty Prudent

Extending and further testing the theory advanced by Bruce Jentleson with post-cold war data, variations in U.S. public support for the use of military force are shown to be best explained by the principal policy objective for which military force is being used, with a third category of “humanitarian intervention” added to the previous two of “foreign policy restraint” and “internal political change. ” The principal policy objective theory is shown through a series of tests, including regression and logistic analyses, to offer the most powerful and parsimonious explanation, both directly superseding and indirectly subsuming such other alternative variables as interests, elite cues, risk, and multilateralism. These findings support the broader theoretical view of a rational public purposive and not purely reactive in its opinion formulation and have important implications for the basic dispositions of the types of military interventions the American public will and will not support in the post-cold war era.
Detection of sperm in men with Y chromosome microdeletions of the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions.

BACKGROUND Y chromosome microdeletions are associated with severe male factor infertility. In this study, the success rate of testicular sperm retrieval was determined for men with deletions of AZF regions a, b or c. METHODS AZF deletions were detected by PCR of 30 sequence-tagged sites within Yq emphasizing the AZFa, b and c regions. Semen analysis and diagnostic testis biopsy or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) findings were correlated with the specific AZF region deleted. RESULTS A total of 78 men with AZF deletions included three with AZFa deletion, 11 with AZFb, 42 with AZFc, 16 with AZFb+c and six with Yq (AZFa+b+c). All men with AZFa, AZFb, AZFb+c and Yq deletions were azoospermic and no sperm were found with TESE or biopsy. Of men with isolated AZFc deletion, sperm were found in 75% (9/12) by TESE and 45% (9/20) on biopsy (56% overall); 62% (26/42) were azoospermic and 38% (16/42) severely oligozoospermic. A total of 7 patients with deletion patterns that included the complete AZFa region and 23 that included the complete AZFb region who underwent TESE or biopsy did not have sperm detected by these surgical measures. CONCLUSIONS Microdeletion of the entire AZFa or AZFb regions of the Y chromosome portends an exceptionally poor prognosis for sperm retrieval, whereas the majority of men with AZFc deletion have sperm within the semen or testes available for use in IVF/ICSI.
A systematic study of automated program repair: Fixing 55 out of 105 bugs for $8 each

There are more bugs in real-world programs than human programmers can realistically address. This paper evaluates two research questions: “What fraction of bugs can be repaired automatically? ” and “How much does it cost to repair a bug automatically? ” In previous work, we presented GenProg, which uses genetic programming to repair defects in off-the-shelf C programs. To answer these questions, we: (1) propose novel algorithmic improvements to GenProg that allow it to scale to large programs and find repairs 68% more often, (2) exploit GenProg's inherent parallelism using cloud computing resources to provide grounded, human-competitive cost measurements, and (3) generate a large, indicative benchmark set to use for systematic evaluations. We evaluate GenProg on 105 defects from 8 open-source programs totaling 5.1 million lines of code and involving 10,193 test cases. GenProg automatically repairs 55 of those 105 defects. To our knowledge, this evaluation is the largest available of its kind, and is often two orders of magnitude larger than previous work in terms of code or test suite size or defect count. Public cloud computing prices allow our 105 runs to be reproduced for $403; a successful repair completes in 96 minutes and costs $7.32, on average.
Trivial extensions, iterated tilted algebras and cluster-tilted algebras

Classical results in representation theory establish very interesting connections between iterated tilted algebras and trivial extensions of finite dimensional algebras, particularly deep and useful in the Dynkin case. Recent results show that there are also interesting connections betweeen iterated tilted algebras and cluster tilted algebras. The aim of this article is to describe these connections, and show that, though the situations are quite different there are strong analogies between them.
Contagion of Self-Interested Behavior: Evidence from Group Dictator Game Experiments

Abstract We examine how group decision-making affects other-regarding behavior in experimental dictator games. In particular, we assess whether the effects of iterated games differ for group and individual decision-making and whether the difference in decision-making style (individual or group) changes the perception of social identity. We make two findings on group decision-making. First, group decisions become more selfish when repeating the game after changing group members. Second, a dictator group donates more to a recipient group at the same university than to a recipient group at a different university. These findings are not true for individual decision-making.
Assessing the impact of bad smells using historical information

Our aim is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between bad smells and design principle violations, in order to better identify the root causes of a given set of bad smells and target refactoring efforts more effectively. In particular, knowing which bad smells point to important design problems would help to focus developers' efforts. In this position paper we argue that such knowledge requires the empirical study of the evolution of software systems: on the one hand because design problems and their symptoms take time to develop, on the other hand because we need to relate maintenance activity to bad smells to measure their relative importance. We illustrate how existing studies of the evolution of a particular kind of bad smell, code clones, have led to further insights into the harmfulness of cloning.
Archipelago: trading address space for reliability and security

Memory errors are a notorious source of security vulnerabilities that can lead to service interruptions, information leakage and unauthorized access. Because such errors are also difficult to debug, the absence of timely patches can leave users vulnerable to attack for long periods of time. A variety of approaches have been introduced to combat these errors, but these often incur large runtime overheads and generally abort on errors, threatening availability. This paper presents Archipelago, a runtime system that takes advantage of available address space to substantially reduce the likelihood that a memory error will affect program execution. Archipelago randomly allocates heap objects far apart in virtual address space, effectively isolating each object from buffer overflows. Archipelago also protects against dangling pointer errors by preserving the contents of freed objects after they are freed. Archipelago thus trades virtual address space---a plentiful resource on 64-bit systems---for significantly improved program reliability and security, while limiting physical memory consumption by tracking the working set of an application and compacting cold objects. We show that Archipelago allows applications to continue to run correctly in the face of thousands of memory errors. Across a suite of server applications, Archipelago's performance overhead is 6% on average (between -7% and 22%), making it especially suitable to protect servers that have known security vulnerabilities due to heap memory errors.
A comparison of phenytoin-loading techniques in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVES To compare the effectivenesses of three phenytoin-loading techniques. METHODS Patients with subtherapeutic phenytoin concentrations who presented within 48 hours of a seizure were randomized to receive either 20 mg/kg of oral phenytoin (PO), divided in maximum doses of 400 mg every two hours, 18 mg/kg of intravenous phenytoin (IVP) at an initial infusion rate of 50 mg/min, or 18 mg/kg (phenytoin equivalents) of intravenous fosphenytoin (IVF) at an initial infusion rate of 150 mg/min. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were enrolled: 16 in the PO group, 14 in the IVP group, and 15 in the IVF group. The times required to reach therapeutic drug concentrations were (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) 5.62 +/- 0.28 hours, 0.24 +/- 0.3 hours, and 0.21 +/- 0.28 hours, respectively. A total of 17, 27, and 32 adverse drug events were observed in the PO, IVP, and IVF groups, respectively, with significantly fewer events in the PO group (p = 0.02, p = 0.01). No significant difference was found between the numbers of necessary adjustments to the infusions in the two IV groups. The average time to safe emergency department discharge was significantly shorter for the IV groups compared with the PO group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oral loading has fewer adverse drug events than either IV loading method, but its use may be limited when therapeutic concentrations are required quickly. Although IVF loading is faster, from an adverse-drug event perspective, no advantage of IVF over IVP was apparent.
An Empirically Supported Reconceptualization of African-U.S. Racial Identity Development as an Abnormal Process

Transformational, developmental process theories of African-U.S. racial identity development are flawed because they conceptualize ontogenetic experience without embedding it in phylogenetic dictates. As a result, culminating psychological states are not depicting identity progression but actually mask a sophisticated regression to a “deracinated,” psychologically misoriented orientation. Therefore, African-U.S. racial identity development is reconceptualized as an abnormal psychology feature of the behavior of otherwise normal persons. This thesis is supported empirically by survey research showing that low identity statuses and purported high identity states evince similar anti-African/Black correlation patterns. African-U.S. identity metamorphosis appears to be a process of identity diffusion, not identity progression. Recommendations for racial identity theory and research and counseling and clinical practice are provided.
Adiponectin and Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis

Background— There is uncertainty about the association between circulating concentrations of adiponectin and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. We report new data from a prospective study in the context of a meta-analysis of previously published prospective studies. Methods and Results— We measured baseline adiponectin levels in stored serum samples of 589 men with fatal CHD or nonfatal myocardial infarction and in 1231 controls nested within a prospective study of 5661 men (aged 40 to 59 years) recruited during 1978–1980, as well as in paired samples obtained 4 years apart from 221 of these participants. Baseline adiponectin concentrations correlated (P<0.0001) positively with HDL cholesterol (r=0.33) and inversely with C-reactive protein (r=−0.11) and BMI (r=−0.21), and the year-to-year consistency of adiponectin values was comparable to those of blood pressure and total cholesterol levels. No significant difference between median adiponectin levels at baseline was observed between cases and controls (10.2 versus 10.8 &mgr;g/mL; P=0.5), despite the fact that body mass index, HDL, and C-reactive protein were all significant predictors of events in this cohort. The odds ratio for CHD was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.18) in a comparison of men in the top third of adiponectin concentrations compared with those in the bottom third, similar to a meta-analysis (including the present study) of 7 prospective studies involving a total of 1318 CHD cases (odds ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70 to 1.01]). Conclusions— In contrast to the strong associations previously reported between adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes, any association with CHD risk is comparatively moderate and requires further investigation.
Model predictive control for perturbed continuous piecewise affine systems with bounded disturbances

Continuous piecewise-affine systems are a powerful tool for describing or approximating both nonlinear and hybrid systems. In this paper, we extend the model predictive control (MPC) framework for continuous piecewise-affine systems that we have developed previously to deterministic uncertainty. We show that the resulting MPC optimization problem can be transformed into a sequence of linear optimization problems (LP), which can be solved very efficiently.
Altered brain metabolism after whole body irradiation in mice: A preliminary in vivo 1H MRS study

Abstract Purpose: In the classical description of acute radiation syndrome, the role of central nervous system (CNS) is underestimated. It is now well recognised that ionising radiation-induced oxidative stress may bring about functional changes in the brain. In this study, we prospectively evaluated metabolic changes in the brain after whole body irradiation in mice using in vivo proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Material and methods: Young adult mice were exposed to whole body irradiation of 8 Gy and controls were sham irradiated. In vivo 1H MRS from cortex-hippocampus and hypothalamic-thalamic region of brain at different time points, i.e., as early as 6 hours, day 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 post irradiation was carried out at 7 Tesla animal magnetic resonance imaging system. Brain metabolites were measured and quantitative analysis of detectable metabolites was performed by linear combination of model (LCModel). Results: Significant reduction in myoinositol (p = 0.03) and taurine (p = 0.02) ratios were observed in cortex-hippocampus region as early as day 2 post irradiation compared to controls. These metabolic alterations remained sustained over day 10 post irradiation. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study suggest that the alteration/reduction in the mI and Tau concentration may be associated with physiological perturbations in astrocytes or radiation induced neuro-inflammatory response triggered in microglial cell.
Punishment and Behaviour Change: An Australian Psychological Society Position Paper

In view of recent trends in Australia and overseas towards an increased reliance on punishment as a primary response to crime, this paper reviews the psychological research evidence on the efficacy of punishment, and considers alternatives to present trends. It discusses the circumstances under which punishment has positive and detrimental effects, and the limited ability of the justice system to deliver punishment in a manner which might achieve the goals of rehabilitation and deterrence against reoffence.