Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cholecystectomy in patients with AIDS: clinicopathologic correlations in 107 cases.

The etiologic and clinical features of cholecystisis in infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studies retrospectively. The charts and histopathologic specimens of 136 HIV-infected patients who underwent cholecystectomy between February 1987 and May 1993 at a large tertiary care center were reviewed. Opportunistic pathogens infecting the 107 patients with AIDS included microsporidia (eight cases-- Enterocytozoon bieneusi in six and Septata intestinalis in two); cytomegalovirus alone (six cases); Cryptosporidium alone (eight cases); cytomegalovirus plus Cryptosporidum (15 cases); and Pneumocystis carinii and Isospora belli (one case each). In addition, histopathologic changes characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma were seen in one case. Thirty-eight patients with AIDS had acalculous cholecystitis for which no etiologic agent was found. Twenty-eight AIDS patients had cholelithiasis, six with coexistent opportunistic gallbladder infection. In the 107 AIDS patients, no specific symptom was found to be predictive of opportunistic infection of the gallbladder, but such infection was significantly associated with an abnormal abdominal ultrasound (P = .017) and with nonvisualization of the gallbladder by radionucleotide biliary scan (P < .001).
The associations of obesity, lymph node status and prognosis in breast cancer patients: Dependence on estrogen and progesterone receptor status

Breast cancer patients who are obese have a higher risk of lymph node metastases and a poorer prognosis than those who are slim. It has been claimed that estrogens derived from fat are important for these associations. If estrogens are important, these relationships must be stronger in the hormone receptor‐positive than in the hormone receptor‐negative groups. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of obesity. The second, third, and fourth quintiles of BMI were treated as one group and termed ‘medium’. Patients in the fifth quintile were termed ‘obese’ and those in the first quintile ‘slim’. The number of women with unilateral disease treated with modified radical mastectomy and included in the study was 1211. Of all patients included, obese patients had a 1.53 higher risk of lymph node metastases compared to slim patients (p=0.02). In the PgR‐negative group, obesity gave a 3.08 times higher risk of lymph node metastases (p=0.03). The risk of dying of breast cancer tended to be higher in obese than in slim patients when all patients in the study were compared (relative risk=1.38, p=0.06). BMI did not show a statistically significant relationship with prognosis if only hormone receptor status was considered. However, if lymph node status and hormone receptor status were taken together, the association was strong and reversed in the lymph node‐positive group with ER‐negative tumours. The adjusted relative risk was 0.33, showing that slim patients had a 3.03 (1.0/0.33) times higher risk of dying of breast cancer compared to obese patients (p=0.002). These results indicate that non‐hormonal mechanisms could be important.
Conformal and Low-Rank Sparse Representation for Image Restoration

Obtaining an appropriate dictionary is the key point when sparse representation is applied to computer vision or image processing problems such as image restoration. It is expected that preserving data structure during sparse coding and dictionary learning can enhance the recovery performance. However, many existing dictionary learning methods handle training samples individually, while missing relationships between samples, which result in dictionaries with redundant atoms but poor representation ability. In this paper, we propose a novel sparse representation approach called conformal and low-rank sparse representation (CLRSR) for image restoration problems. To achieve a more compact and representative dictionary, conformal property is introduced by preserving the angles of local geometry formed by neighboring samples in the feature space. Furthermore, imposing low-rank constraint on the coefficient matrix can lead more faithful subspaces and capture the global structure of data. We apply our CLRSR model to several image restoration tasks to demonstrate the effectiveness.
El afrontamiento del estrés en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres

En el presente trabajo se analiza cuales son las estrategias de afrontamiento a las que suelen recurrir los estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud para responder a las situaciones problematicas propias del contexto academico asi como las posibles diferencias de sexo en el empleo de dichas estrategias. La muestra se compone de 258 estudiantes, 228 mujeres y 30 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 45 anos, siendo la edad media de 21 anos. Para la medida de las estrategias de afrontamiento fue empleada la Escala de Afrontamiento del Estres (A-CEA), que forma parte del Cuestionario de Estres Academico. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la Busqueda de apoyo y la Reevaluacion positiva son, respectivamente, las estrategias mas y menos frecuentemente empleadas por los estudiantes. Asimismo, nuestros datos indican que las mujeres recurren en mayor medida al apoyo social, mientras que los varones optan por el empleo de estrategias de reevaluacion positiva o de planificacion. Palabras clave: estrategias de afrontamiento del estres; apoyo social; reevaluacion positiva; planificacion; diferencias de sexo. Coping strategies in university students of Health Sciences: Differences according to sex. This study assess the most common coping strategies used by Health Sciences university students in response to academic stress situations and sex differences using such strategies. The sample comprised a total of 258 students, 228 women and 30 men, aged between 18 and 45 years old and average age of 21 years. We measure coping strategies by using the Academic Stressors Scale (A-CEA), which is included in the Academic Stress Questionaire (CEA: Cuestionario de Estres Academico). The results of this project show that Search for support and Positive reassessment are the most and the least common coping strategies used by students, respectively. In addition, our findings suggest that women use to resort to Social Support, whereas men frequently
British Party Election Broadcasts

This article presents a content analysis of the British party election broadcasts (PEBs) aired by the Conservative and Labour Parties during the 1992 and 1997 general elections. Using “videostyle,” a content analysis catagorical framework that measures components of verbal, nonverbal, and production techniques, several revealing findings are presented in this article. Among the more interesting findings is the increased tendency for the British electoral advertising to follow the American example in terms of negativity and heightened personalization. In addition, the trend during the period was toward greater use of commercial advertising techniques in PEBs as part of a more concerted communication strategy. As a result, PEBs are now the subject of news and are part of a wider debate on the role of media in electoral politics. The 1997 PEBs placed greater focus on the party leaders than the 1992 PEBs, particularly in the case of Tony Blair's role in the 1997 Labour PEBs. The dominant negative nature of the PEB, while on the rise, also appears to present more direct, hard-hitting, personal attacks at the opposing party and party leaders. Furthermore, like their U.S. counterparts, PEBs are dominated by discussion of policy issues. However, despite the greater length of the PEBs, there were many missed opportunities for specific policy proposal presentation.
Coping with Information Technology: Mixed Emotions, Vacillation, and Nonconforming Use Patterns

Achieving the promised business benefits of an IT system is intimately tied to the continued incorporation of the system into the work practices it is intended to support. While much is known about different social, cognitive, and technical factors that influence initial adoption and use, less is known about the role of emotional factors in users' behaviors. Through an in-depth field study conducted in two North American universities, we examine the role of emotions in how specific IT use patterns emerge. We find that there are five different characteristics of an IT stimulus event (cues) that, when interacting in a reinforcing manner, elicit a single class of emotions (uniform affective responses) and, when interacting in an oppositional manner, elicit mixed emotions (ambivalent affective responses). While users respond to uniform emotions with clear adaptation strategies, they deal with ambivalent emotions by combining different adaptation behaviors, a vacillating strategy between emphasizing positive and negative aspects of the stimulus. Surprisingly, these ambivalent emotions and vacillating strategies can lead to active and positive user engagement, exhibited in task and tool adaptation behaviors and improvisational use patterns that, despite their nonconformity to terms of use, can have positive organizational implications.
On Being a Mindful Authoritarian: Is Need for Cognition Always Associated with Less Punitiveness?

Previous research shows that the motivation to be mindful is associated with less intoler ance toward deviant and stigmatized groups. The present research examines authoritari anism as a possible moderator of this seemingly robust finding. We obtained consistent evidence from two studies that authoritarianism (right-wing authoritarianism, social domi nance orientation) moderates the relationship between needfor cognition and punitiveness. Among low authoritarians, need for cognition was negatively associated with punitiveness and dispositional attribution of crimes and positively associated with support for rehabili tation of criminals. However; among high authoritarians, the pattern reversed. These results are discussed in the context of some recent advances in the understanding of motivated social cognition.
The birth of news discourse: changes in news language in British newspapers, 1880-1930

This article examines some changes in news style in British newspapers between about 1880 and 1930 and proposes that they provide evidence of the emergence of a coherent and self-sufficient discourse of the news. It argues that changes in the ways in which the news has represented the world are as important as technological or economic changes to the development of the 20th-century news form, and that it is therefore important to look closely at issues of language. It suggests that three main developments in news texts occurred: the wide range of voices and styles of the Victorian press became subsumed under a single universal news voice; the status of the news text changed from being a collection of raw information to being a form of knowledge in itself; and the news developed independence from the conventions of public discourse.
Acute performance-impairing and subject-rated effects of triazolam and temazepam, alone and in combination with ethanol, in humans

The acute behavioural effects of triazolam (0.125 and 0.25 mg), temazepam (15 and 30 mg), and placebo, alone and in combination with ethanol (0 and 0.5 g/kg), were assessed in 10 volunteers. Ethanol alone did not impair performance and produced only a few subject-rated drug effects. Triazolam and temazepam alone produced some performance impairment and a few subject-rated drug effects. These effects tended to be dose-dependent and were comparable for the two drugs across the range of doses tested. The triazolam–ethanol and temazepam–ethanol combinations produced robust performance impairment and sedative-like subject-rated drug effects that were similar in magnitude. The findings of the present study suggest that even a moderate amount of ethanol in combination with a clinical dose of triazolam or temazepam can cause performance impairment that might diminish an individual's ability to respond adequately to unexpected demands (e.g. smoke alarms or middle-of-the-night child care).
Why are reasoning ability and working memory capacity related to mental speed? An investigation of stimulus–response compatibility in choice reaction time tasks

A study with 114 young adults investigated the correlations of intelligence factors and working-memory capacity with reaction time (RT) tasks. Within two sets of four-choice RT tasks, stimulus–response compatibility was varied over three levels: compatible, incompatible, and arbitrary mappings. Two satisfactory measurement models for the RTs could be established: A general factor model without constraints on the loadings and a nested model with two correlated factors, distinguishing compatible from arbitrary mappings, with constraints on the loadings. Structural models additionally including factors for working memory and intelligence showed that the nested model with correlated factors is superior in fit. Working-memory capacity and fluid intelligence were correlated strongly with the nested factor for the RT tasks with arbitrary mappings, and less with the general RT factor. The results support the hypothesis that working memory is needed to maintain arbitrary bindings between stimulus representations and response representations, and this could explain the correlation of working-memory capacity with speed in choice RT tasks.
Can Humanitarian Work with Refugees be Humane?

This article highlights one dimension of the provision of humanitarian aid the interactions between “helpers” and refugees in contexts where refugees are dependent for their survival on assistance distributed by humanitarian organizations. There is much evidence that the treatment meted out to refugees by too many of those delegated to help them is such that it can only be described as “inhuman. ” This topic is not usually talked about but the awareness of its ubiquity causes serious personal disquiet and uneasy consciences amongst many who work for these organizations. This paper will review a number of attempts to explain such behavior and review some solutions that have been proposed. It will be argued that until refugees have access to effective legal remedies humanitarian assistance will continue to be inhumanely delivered to refugees. In short what is needed is a “rights-based humanitarianism” that goes beyond “private charity or governmental largess. ” This approach is not about discretionary assistance when the mood for benevolence takes us. It is about defending advocating and securing enjoyment of human rights. It also implies a shift from seeing beneficiaries of humanitarian aid as “victims” to be pitied to survivors of adversity—who often demonstrate unimaginable strength and dignity in the most adverse circumstance. (excerpt)
Should an obsessive–compulsive spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM‐V?

The obsessive–compulsive (OC) spectrum has been discussed in the literature for two decades. Proponents of this concept propose that certain disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts and/or behaviors are related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and suggest that such disorders be grouped together in the same category (i.e. grouping, or “chapter”) in DSM. This article addresses this topic and presents options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM‐V. The article builds upon and extends prior reviews of this topic that were prepared for and discussed at a DSM‐V Research Planning Conference on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders held in 2006. Our preliminary recommendation is that an OC‐spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM‐V. Furthermore, we preliminarily recommend that consideration be given to including this group of disorders within a larger supraordinate category of “Anxiety and Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. ” These preliminary recommendations must be evaluated in light of recommendations for, and constraints upon, the overall structure of DSM‐V. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Punitive sanctions and the transition rate from welfare to work

In The Netherlands, the average exit rate out of welfare is dramatically low. Most welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporarily benefit reduction can be imposed. This paper investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition from welfare to work using a unique set of rich administrative data on welfare recipients in The Netherlands. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from welfare to work. We also describe the other determinants of the transition from welfare to work.
Three-Level Inverter Scheme With Common Mode Voltage Elimination and DC Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing for an Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive

A dc link capacitor voltage balancing scheme along with common mode voltage elimination is proposed for an induction motor drive, with open-end winding structure. The motor is fed from both the ends with three-level inverters generating a five level output voltage space phasor structure. If switching combinations, with zero common mode voltage in the pole voltage, are used, then the resultant voltage space vector combinations are equivalent to that of a three-level inverter. The proposed inverter vector locations exhibit greater multiplicity in the inverter switching combinations which is suitably exploited to arrive at a capacitor voltage balancing scheme. This allows the use of a single dc link power supply for the combined inverter structure. The simultaneous task of common mode voltage elimination with dc link capacitor voltage balancing, using only the switching state redundancies, is experimentally verified on a 1.5-kW induction motor drive
Taxes and Organizational Form: The Case of REIT Spin-offs

In 2001, the IRS issued a ruling allowing firms to engage in nontaxable real estate investment trust (REIT) spinoffs. In a REIT spin-off, a corporation places real estate assets into a subsidiary, which it then distributes to shareholders as a REIT. A nontaxable spin-off triggers no immediate taxation of unrealized gains and the future earnings of the REIT generally are not subject to corporate level taxation; the earnings are instead taxed at the investor level. REIT spin-offs thus provide a means to avoid the double-taxation of at least some part of corporate earnings. The ruling was promptly followed by a large REIT spin-off of timber properties by Georgia-Pacific and there has been much speculation about how many and what kinds of firms will follow. Given that the total real estate held in the corporate sector is in the trillions of dollars, the potential revenue loss is of serious concern. This paper simulates the effects of the REIT spin-off ruling by analyzing the actual real estate holdings of over 4,000 publicly traded companies. Specifically, we estimate the potential tax benefits for each firm and for each industry, both in absolute terms and compared to market value, to determine the types of firms and industries most likely to restructure as a result of the ruling. The calculations take into account the related impact of likely reductions in debt levels on corporate taxes, as well as the likely increase in investor level taxes from the requirement that REITs pay out nearly all of their income each year as dividends. The results suggest that the benefits to REIT spin-offs are heavily concentrated in a few industries and that while there may be a subset of firms for which REIT spin-offs would provide substantial tax benefits, in the aggregate, revenue losses are likely to be modest.
An Exploratory Study on Ideal Leadership Behaviour: The Opinions of American Police Managers

This study examines the perceived ideal leadership behaviour in police organisations. It is based on a survey of 126 police managers from 23 US States who attended the Administrative Officers Course at the Southern Police Institute during the academic year 2007–2008. The questionnaire used in this investigation includes the Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire Form XII (Stodgill, 1963). The main objectives of this exploratory analysis are to rank the importance of leadership characteristics based on police officers' perceptions, to create a typology of leadership styles preferred, and to identify the demographic factors that are most likely to influence variations in opinions regarding the behaviour of an ideal police leader. This research shows that individual characteristics can influence not only managerial styles, but also leadership preferences. In particular, results imply that gender and race play an important role in structuring leadership preferences. Female police officers do not appear to differ from men in their preferences for a predominantly task-centred and structured leadership. However, women seem to favour more than men do: (1) a type of leader who can be considered ‘transformational’; or (2) a more democratic, worker-oriented leader, who would allow subordinates freedom of action and would respond well to the followers' concerns. Compared with Whites and other racial minorities, African American police officers tend to favour more a structured task-centred leadership orientation or a leadership style described as transformational.
Liberal conservatism, ‘boardization’ and the government of civil servants

Drawing inspiration from the loosely coupled genre of studies of governmentality, this article explores the emergence in Britain during the early years of the millennium of a distinctive liberal conservative scheme for the government of civil servants. The term ‘boardization’ has been used to characterize the trend to reproduce the technology of the board of directors in central government. Conservatives currently assign a distinctive role to the work of departmental ‘boards’ in the effective management of the Civil Service. Intimating the costs and risks of the Conservatives’ programme, we explore the role of diverse governmental forces in the emergence of the boards of the Civil Service as an object for action and intervention during the early years of the new millennium. We explore a mutation in the application of practices and techniques drawn from the domain of the business enterprise to the organization of the Civil Service.
Finding next gen: CryEngine 2

In this chapter we do not present one specific algorithm; instead we try to describe the approaches the German company named Crytek took to find certain rendering algorithms that work well together. We believe this information is valuable for anyone that wants to implement similar rendering algorithms because often the implementation challenges arise when combining with other algorithms. We will also describe briefly the path to it as that covers alternative approaches you also might want to consider. This is not a complete description of everything that was done on the rendering side because for this chapter we picked certain areas that are of interest specifically for this audience and limited ourselves to a presentable extend. The work presented here takes significant advantage of research done by the graphics community in recent years and combines it with novel ideas developed within Crytek to realize implementations that efficiently map onto graphics hardware.