Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PhraseFix: Statistical Post-Editing of TectoMT

We present two English-to-Czech systems that took part in the WMT 2013 shared task: TECTOMT and PHRASEFIX. The former is a deep-syntactic transfer-based system, the latter is a more-or-less standard statistical post-editing (SPE) applied on top of TECTOMT. In a brief survey, we put SPE in context with other system combination techniques and evaluate SPE vs. another simple system combination technique: using synthetic parallel data from TECTOMT to train a statistical MT system (SMT). We confirm that PHRASEFIX (SPE) improves the output of TECTOMT, and we use this to analyze errors in TECTOMT. However, we also show that extending data for SMT is more effective.
The mean values of liver stiffness assessed by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography in normal subjects.

UNLABELLED The AIM of this paper is to establish the values of liver stiffness (LS) assessed by means of ARFI in patients without known liver pathology and considered healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD the study group was composed of 82 subjects without known liver pathology, healthy volunteers or patients from other departments of our hospital who did not have altered liver laboratory tests. 76 patients had ARFI valid measurements (47 women and 29 men, mean age 34.5 +/-14.3 years). In each subject abdominal ultrasound was performed (patients with steatosis or any other signs of chronic liver pathology were excluded) as well as ARFI (using Siemens Acuson S2000). The median value of 10 measurements was calculated, expressed in m/s; we considered valid only the measurements with IQR<30%, SR>60%, similar to transient elastography. Mean ARFI values and mean values according to age and gender were evaluated. RESULTS valid ARFI measurements were obtained in 76/82 patients (92.6%). The mean value of ARFI measurements in normal individuals was 1.15+/-0.21 m/s. There were no significant differences between the mean ARFI values in men vs. women (1.16+/-0.21 vs. 1.14+/-0.22m/s, p=0.67), also among different age groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In our study the mean LS value obtained by ARFI in healthy subjects was 1.15 m/s.
Clinical Experience on the Use of a Single-day, Two-injection Start Initiation Regimen of Aripiprazole Once Monthly in Patients With Schizophrenia in Spain: SaTISfy Study

Objective: The two-injection start (TIS) initiation regimen was recently approved for aripiprazole once monthly 400 mg (AOM400), with potential benefits in adherence. The SaTISfy study described in this article analyzed Spanish psychiatrists’ perspectives on hospitalization lengths of stay, schizophrenia management, and the use of AOM400-TIS. Methods: The authors describe an ecological study of aggregated data collected using a 41-question survey. Fifty psychiatrists were asked to provide their perceptions of their patients with schizophrenia and treatment with AOM400. Results: The psychiatrists reported that lack of treatment adherence was the main reason for hospitalization for 58.3% of their patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Aripiprazole, in any formulation, was the most commonly prescribed therapeutic option, being prescribed for a mean (SD) of 2.5 (0.9) out of 5 patients, while 98% of psychiatrists chose AOM400-TIS for patients who failed to adhere to previous treatments. Patients with schizophrenia, regardless of their treatment, were hospitalized for an average of 17.7 (3.93) days versus patients with schizophrenia treated with AOM400-TIS, who were hospitalized for an average of 14.2 (4.18) days, a reduction of 3.5 (3.86) days. Patients treated with AOM400-TIS showed a reduction of 5 (4.18) days compared with the mean national duration of hospitalization for acute patients in psychiatry units in Spain (19.18 d). The surveyed psychiatrists reported that AOM400-TIS improved safety and tolerability. Most of the psychiatrists were satisfied with the administration and results of AOM400-TIS. Most of the psychiatrists (90%) also reported that fewer health care resources were consumed with AOM400-TIS, mainly due to a reduction in hospitalization days and in the use of concomitant medications. Conclusions: AOM400-TIS was considered to have a positive impact on the duration of hospitalization and thus on the use of health care resources. There was a positive perception of adherence, safety, and tolerability with the use of AOM400-TIS in patients with schizophrenia.
Transcutaneous Measurement of the Elastic Properties of the Human Femoral Artery

Measurements of human femoral arterial wall properties have been obtained transcutaneously in a group of males who were clinically free of arteriosclerosis obliterans. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: under 35, 35-60, and over 60 years. Diameter and changes in diameter were measured using an ultrasonic echo-tracking system. Arterial pulse pressure was determined by the auscultatory method. The results suggest that arteries become stiffer with age. The pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) varied from 2.6 ± 0.3 SEM × 106 dynes/cm2 in the young group to 6.3 ± 1.0 SEM × 106 dynes/cm2 in the old group. These values are similar to those reported by other investigators using invasive and in vitro technics. Although statistical comparisons indicate a significant difference between groups, there was considerable variation within the groups. Not infrequently, values for Ep obtained from individuals in the oldest group fell well within the range of the values obtained in the young group.
Sea-Level Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation Predicts Susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness at High Altitude

Background and Purpose— Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in subjects who develop acute mountain sickness (AMS), a neurological disorder characterized by headache. The present study examined if the normoxic sea-level measurement of dynamic cerebral autoregulation would predict subsequent susceptibility to AMS during rapid ascent to terrestrial high altitude. Methods— A dynamic cerebral autoregulation index was determined in 18 subjects at sea level from continuous recordings of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Doppler ultrasonography) and arterial blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) after recovery from transiently induced hypotension. Six hours after passive ascent to 3800 m (Mt Elbrus, Russia), the Lake Louise and Environmental Symptoms Cerebral Symptoms questionnaires were used to assess AMS. Results— AMS scores increased markedly at high-altitude (Lake Louise: +3±2 points, P=0.001 and Environmental Symptoms Cerebral Symptoms: +0.6±0.9 points, P=0.0003 versus sea level). Inverse relationships were observed between the sea-level autoregulation index score and the high-altitude-induced increases in the Lake Louise (r=−0.62, P=0.007) and Environmental Symptoms Cerebral Symptoms (r=−0.78, P=0.01) scores. One subject with a history of high-altitude pulmonary and cerebral edema presented with the lowest sea-level autoregulation index score (3.7 versus group: 6.2±1.0 points) and later developed high-altitude cerebral edema at 4800 m during the summit bid. Conclusions— These findings suggest that a lower baseline autoregulation index may be considered a potential risk factor for AMS. This laboratory measurement may prove a useful screening tool for the expedition doctor when considering targeted pharmacological prophylaxis in individuals deemed “AMS-susceptible. ”
What Do Twins Studies Reveal about the Economic Returns to Education? A Comparison of Australian and U.S. Findings

Conventional estimates of rates of return to education are constrained because they are unable to isolate the returns to schooling from the contribution of individual ability and the influence of family background. Potentially, studies using a sample of twins may overcome these problems. Monozygotic twins are genetically identical and, if they have been reared together, share the same family background. Differences in income between identical twins can therefore be associated with differences in the amount of education they have undertaken, in order to estimate the independent influence of education. Comparisons of such estimates with estimates made from a sample of dizygotic twins, who are genetically similar but not identical, and who are also reared together, may permit evaluation of the biases associated with ability and family background in conventional estimates of the return to education. In an important paper, Jere Behrman et al. (1977) analyzed data from a sample of male World War II veteran twins and found that, of the overall rate of return to schooling of 8 percent, 2.7 percentage points, could be attributed to schooling per se, 3.2 percentage points could be attributed to genetic factors, and 2.1 percentage points could be attributed to shared family environment. In a recent paper, however, Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger (1994) have estimated the economic returns to education using data on a new sample of twins which permitted them to adjust their estimate for omitted ability variables and measurement error. On this basis, they find that family and genetic effects make virtually no contribution to the returns to schooling. Measurement error, however, biases the estimated return to schooling downward. The findings of Ashenfelter and Krueger (1994) are very different from previous work in this field, and there is now some confusion as to what analysis of twins data really reveals about the economic returns to schooling. Ashenfelter and Krueger's results are based on analysis of data for a sample of 298 individuals (149 pairs of identical twins) who attended a twins festival in 1991. They remark at the end of their paper "Only additional data collection is likely to lead to better estimates of the returns to schooling" (p. 1171).
Potential consequences of climate change for primary production and fish production in large marine ecosystems

Existing methods to predict the effects of climate change on the biomass and production of marine communities are predicated on modelling the interactions and dynamics of individual species, a very challenging approach when interactions and distributions are changing and little is known about the ecological mechanisms driving the responses of many species. An informative parallel approach is to develop size-based methods. These capture the properties of food webs that describe energy flux and production at a particular size, independent of species' ecology. We couple a physical–biogeochemical model with a dynamic, size-based food web model to predict the future effects of climate change on fish biomass and production in 11 large regional shelf seas, with and without fishing effects. Changes in potential fish production are shown to most strongly mirror changes in phytoplankton production. We project declines of 30–60% in potential fish production across some important areas of tropical shelf and upwelling seas, most notably in the eastern Indo-Pacific, the northern Humboldt and the North Canary Current. Conversely, in some areas of the high latitude shelf seas, the production of pelagic predators was projected to increase by 28–89%.
External risks impacting on the scuba diving industry in the East African Marine Ecoregion

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ix DECLARATION . x LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS . xi Table of contents . xii List of figures . xvii List of tables . xx CHAPTER 1 .
Obesity and Diabetes in Blacks

Diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in the American Black population than in the White population. The prevalence is increasing in Blacks, and there is evidence that it is accompanied by a greater severity of diabetic complications. In addition, mortality figures are higher in Blacks, and Black women are more seriously affected than Black men. Although the reasons for this are unclear, some factors stand out as important. These include obesity, socioeconomic status, and genetics. Obesity is a severe problem in Blacks, particularly in women. Both the degree and the distribution of fat may contribute greatly to the prevalence of diabetes in Blacks. Although the prevalence of obesity is higher in the poor economic groups, multivariate analysis suggests that poverty cannot explain all of the excess obesity that occurs in the Black population. More research is needed into a possible genetic predisposition of Blacks to obesity and diabetes and into the interrelationship between the two conditions in this racial group.
Evaluation of the Cytopathicity (Fusion/Hemifusion) of Patient-Derived HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Comparing Two Effector Cell Lines

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a major determinant of viral pathogenicity. The evaluation of the biological properties of patient-derived envelopes by comparing two effector cell lines (293T and HeLa) is reported. A standard cell-to-cell fusion assay was used to evaluate fusogenicity, whereas a coculture with CD4+ cells was used to evaluate absolute cell loss, single cell death, and hemifusion events. Fusion and absolute cell loss assays showed that Env-expressing 293T and HeLa cells had different fusion efficiencies; fusion was magnified in 293T cells despite a significantly lower cell-surface Env expression. Conversely, gp41-mediated single cell death and hemifusion induced in CD4+ cells by 293T-Env-positive cells were significantly lower than that induced by HeLa-Env-positive cells. These data showed that the effector cell line used in the in vitro assays is crucial, and a combination of assays is recommended to evaluate the biological properties of patient-derived envelope glycoproteins: preferentially, 293T-Env-positive cells for the evaluation of fusogenicity and HeLa-Env-positive cells for the evaluation of cell death parameters. The combination of assays described in our work could be a valuable tool for dual screenings of large collections of primary Envs or Env mutants and drugs acting on these Envs.
Chapter 5_aktuell_page setup

In order to investigate the influence of various connecting systems on the buckling load of global shallow grid shells, stability analysis were performed in this chapter. Using all of the moment-rotation curves and load displacement curves which were performed in chapter 4, buckling behaviors could be simulated with special consideration to the nonlinear connection stiffness of various connection systems, in particular, the deviations of bolt-holes, namely bolt clearances (ΔV), with various rise-span ratios of the global grid shells.
Observed Trends in Global Indicators of Mean and Extreme Streamflow

This study investigates global changes in indicators of mean and extreme streamflow. The assessment is based on the Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata archive and focuses on time series of the annual minimum, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, the annual mean, and the annual maximum of daily streamflow. Trends are estimated using the Sen‐Theil slope, and the significance of mean regional trends is established through bootstrapping. Changes in the indices are often regionally consistent, showing that the entire flow distribution is moving either upward or downward. In addition, the analysis confirms the complex nature of hydrological change where drying in some regions (e.g., in the Mediterranean) is contrasted by wetting in other regions (e.g., North Asia). Observed changes are discussed in the context of previous results and with respect to model estimates of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change and human water management.
Beneficial effects of oral antioxidant supplementation on semen quality parameters, reproductive hormones, and sperm DNA integrity in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

Objective Recently, oral antioxidants in combined forms have been used to treat men with idiopathic infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, arginine, L-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10 on sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity, reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Methods A prospective study was conducted on 420 men with infertility and idiopathic OAT who took an oral supplement of antioxidant SP-Power tablets twice daily for 6 months. Semen quality, reproductive hormones, and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after supplementation, using the World Health Organization 2021 guidelines. Results No significant difference was observed in volume or the percentage of typical morphology during treatment. A significant improvement in sperm concentration was observed after supplementation (8.67±1.41, 12.17±1.91, and 19.01±0.86 at baseline, 3, and 6 months respectively, p<0.01). The total motility, progressive motility, and total motile sperm count also increased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the DFI decreased after 6 months. There was an increase in normal FSH levels and testosterone levels after 6 months of supplementation of antioxidant SP-Power but these differences were not statistically significant (p=not significant and p=0.06, respectively). Conclusion Supplementation with SP-Power tablets improved sperm quality parameters, sperm DFI, some reproductive hormones, and pregnancy rates in men with infertility and idiopathic OAT, which could be attributed to the supplement's synergistic antioxidant action. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of supplementation on oxidative stress markers.
Jacobian adaptation based on the frequency-filtered spectral energies

Jacobian Adaptation (JA) of the acoustic models is an efficient adaptation technique for robust speech recognition. Several improvements for the JA have been proposed in the last years, either to generalize the Jacobian linear transformation for the case of large noise mismatch between training and testing or to extend the adaptation to other degrading factors, like channel distortion and vocal tract length. However, the JA technique has only been used so far with the conventional mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). In this paper, the JA technique is applied to an alternative type of features, the Frequency-Filtered (FF) spectral energies, resulting in a more computationally efficient approach. Furthermore, in experimental tests with the database Aurora1, this new approach has shown an improved recognition performance with respect to the Jacobian adaptation with MFCCs.
Fatigue Assessment of Riveted Railway Bridges

The purpose of this paper is to present fatigue-related results obtained from finite element analyses of a typical riveted railway bridge. The first part of the paper deals with past case studies related to the fatigue assessment of various riveted railway bridges. The second part of the paper presents the results obtained from the finite element analyses of the wrought-iron bridge under typical present-day and assumed historical train loadings. These results are in the form of fatigue damage and associated remaining life estimates of the riveted connections. By fatigue-ranking the connections on an S-N basis and under different detail classifications, the most fatigue-critical connections are identified as being the inner stringer-to-cross-girder connections assuming full rotational connection fixity. Dynamic amplification is shown to affect remaining fatigue life estimates considerably.
The oral microbiome as a proxy for feed intake in dairy cattle.

Genetic material from rumen microorganisms can be found within the oral cavity, and hence there is potential in using the oral microbiome as a proxy of the ruminal microbiome. Feed intake (FI) influences the composition of rumen microbiota and might directly influence the oral microbiome in dairy cattle. Ruminal content samples (RS) from 29 cows were collected at the beginning of the study and also 42 d later (RS0 and RS42, respectively). Additionally, 18 oral samples were collected through buccal swabbing at d 42 (OS42) from randomly selected cows. Samples were used to characterize and compare the taxonomy and functionality of the oral microbiome using Nanopore sequencing and to evaluate the feasibility of using the oral microbiome to estimate FI. Up to 186 taxonomical features were found differentially abundant (DA) between RS and OS42. Similar results were observed when comparing OS42 to RS collected at different days. Microorganisms associated with the liquid fraction of the rumen were less abundant in OS42 as these were probably swallowed after regurgitation. Up to 1,102 KEGGs were found to be DA between RS and OS42 and these results differed when comparing time of collection, but differentially abundant KEGGs were mainly associated to metabolism in both situations. Models based on the oral microbiome and rumen microbiome differed in their selection of microbial groups and biological pathways to predict FI. In the rumen, fiber-associated microorganisms are considered suitable indicators of feed intake. On the other hand, biofilm formers like Gammaproteobacteria or Bacteroidia classes are deemed appropriate proxies for predicting feed intake from oral samples. Models from RS exhibited some predictive ability to estimate FI, but OS significantly outperformed them. The best lineal model to estimate FI was obtained with the relative abundance of taxonomical feature at genera level, achieving an average R2 equal to 0.88 within the training data, and a root mean square error equal to 3.46 ± 0.83 (standard deviation; SD) kg of DM/ as well as a Pearson correlation coefficient between observed and estimated FI of 0.48 ± 0.30 in the test data. The results from this study suggest that oral microbiome has potential to predict FI in dairy cattle, and it encourages validating this potential in other populations.
Microfacies, geochemical characters and possible mechanism of rhythmic deposition of the Pabdeh Formation in SE Ilam (SW Iran)

Rhythmical alternations between limestone and marls characterize the Pabdeh Formation, southwestern Iran. Three intervals of these rhythmites were studied using sedimentary, petrography and geochemical parameters analysis, to unravel the possible mechanisms responsible for the origin of these rhythmites. The microfacies analysis reflects calm deep-water sedimentation that were interrupted by sporadic traction currents from shallow-marine. The geochemical analysis indicates the primary difference between limestones and marls in interval 1. However, for the intervals 2 and 3, there is no significant difference in the geochemical results between intercalated lithologies. The isotope data (δ18O and δ13C) for limestones and marl rhythms compared with Eocene marine calcite show post depositional alteration. Limestone–marl alternations in the interval 1, therefore, originated from the cyclic changes in siliciclastic input by shallow-water derived currents (probably turbidity currents). However, for the intervals 2 and 3, although the field observations (such as extensive lateral continuity of individual beds and sharp contact between different lithologies) and some of the sedimentological parameters such as existence of the microfossils with similar preservation quality, suggest the primary rhythm as a major mechanism, the geochemical data do not strongly support this conclusion.