Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associated Factors of Unhealthy Eating Patterns among Spanish University Students by Gender

This study has examined bio-socio-demographic and psychopathological factors probably associated with unhealthy eating patterns among university students and to estimate a multifactorial model following the associated factors by gender. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to describe associations on basis of Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) stratified by gender in a representative sample of Spanish university students (n = 2551). The high EDI scorers for both sexes presented higher prevalence of dieting, body dissatisfaction, levels of psychopathology and lower self-esteem than the low EDI scorers. The results suggest that older students and higher self-esteem scores present lower scores in the EDI. In the female population, depression, paranoid dimension, dieting and body dissatisfaction were associated with population with unhealthy eating patterns. In the male sample, dieting, body dissatisfaction and interpersonal sensibility were also associated with unhealthy eating patterns. The results corroborate that abnormal eating patterns tend to affect specific vulnerable groups. We do not know the precise mechanisms through which these risk behaviors and attitudes, such as dieting or body dissatisfaction, may facilitate the later development of an eating disorder. Este estudio ha examinado los factores bio-socio-demográficos y psicopatológicos asociados a patrones alimentarios no saludables entre los universitarios y ha estimado un modelo multifactorial siguiendo los factores asociados según género. Los odds ratios ajustados mediante regresión logística fueron calculados para describir las asociaciones en base al Inventario de Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario (EDI) estratificado por género en una muestra representativa de universitarios españoles (n = 2551). El grupo que puntúa alto en el EDI presenta mayor prevalencia de conductas de dieta, insatisfacción corporal, mayores niveles de psicopatología y una menor autoestima en ambos sexos. Los resultados sugieren que estudiantes de mayor edad y puntuaciones elevadas en autoestima presentan bajas puntuaciones en el EDI. En las mujeres, la depresión, la dimensión paranoica, la dieta y la insatisfacción corporal fueron asociadas a la población con patrones alimentarios no saludables. En los varones, la dieta, la insatisfacción corporal y la sensibilidad interpersonal fueron asociadas con mayor riesgo de presentar patrones alimentarios no saludables. Los resultados corroboran que los hábitos alimentarios desestructurados tienden a afectar a grupos vulnerables específicos. Se desconoce los mecanismos precisos por el cual conductas y actitudes de riesgo, tales como la dieta o la insatisfacción corporal, puedan facilitar el desarrollo posterior de un trastorno alimentario.
Feasibility of a Prototype Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Prevention Program for College Students

Abstract Objective: This study examined the feasibility of a prototype Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program for preventing mental health problems among college students. Participants: Undergraduate first-year students (N = 76) participated between May and November 2011. Methods: Participants were randomized to ACT or a waitlist, with assessments conducted at baseline, posttherapy, and 3-week follow-up. Waitlist participants accessed the program after the second assessment. Results: Program usability/usage data indicated high program acceptability. Significant improvements were found for ACT knowledge, education values, and depression with ACT relative to waitlist. Subgroup analyses indicated that ACT decreased depression and anxiety relative to waitlist among students with at least minimal distress. Within the ACT condition, significant improvements were observed from baseline to 3-week follow-up on all outcome and process measures. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of a Web-based ACT prevention program.
Logistics Innovation in China

The purpose of this research is to explore logistics innovation at third-party logistics (3PL) firms in China. Case studies of 3PL firms in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China (Greater China region) have been conducted. Based on interviews, observation and documentation, a qualitative case-study approach has been followed. Drawing on case-study findings, the driving forces, barriers, and effects of logistics innovation on 3PL firms in China are discussed. Customer requirements, environmental factors, efficiency and effectiveness enhancement, and provision of wider service portfolios and differentiation are strong rationales for 3PL firms to innovate in China. In comparison, cost, time, and employee ability are crucial barriers hindering 3PL firms from innovating in China. Logistics innovation can lead to positive operational performance by increasing efficiency, effectiveness, and service portfolios. Logistics innovation is also positively related to the enhanced relationship with clients, growing sales, reputation and financial performance.
Voting on a constitution: Implications for democracy in Kenya

Abstract In November 2005, Kenya held its first-ever national referendum on a proposed constitution. After a contentious review process, 58% of voters rejected the final document. It is common in the analysis of Kenyan politics to rely on ethnic explanations; indeed, the referendum results cannot be understood without exploring ethnic cleavages in Kenyan society. However, an exclusive focus on ethnicity obscures other factors that influenced voters, including the controversial process of drafting the constitution, the mobilisation efforts of the ‘yes’ and ‘no’ campaigns, and the perceived performance of the government. In the end, the referendum was seen as a positive step toward democratic consolidation in Kenya and raised hopes for the future. For the second time in three years, voters rejected the preference of the sitting government, which respected the results. Hopes were dashed, though, when irregularities marred the 2007 election and the announcement of contested results sparked a wave of violence. Under intense domestic and international pressure, the opposing sides reached a power-sharing agreement, as the need for a new constitutional order in Kenya became even more apparent.
An application-oriented guide to R&D project selection and evaluation methods

The purpose of this paper is to provide managers with a set of guidelines to help them to choose the project evaluation and selection model that best suits their business environments. To this end the authors have surveyed the literature of the subject and used contacts made in training workshops with Swiss industry. From this information the authors have identified five key issues — signposts that mark the route towards the appropriate project selection method. Once a sufficiency of project proposals has been identified — more than could be implemented with the resources available — then one takes into account successively how far the selection parameters can be quantified, how far one project interferes with or depends on the completion of another, whether a project has one or more than one objective, and the degree of acceptable risk. The procedure is presented in the form of a binary decision tree the various branches of which lead ultimately to twelve archetypal groups of methods. Each group is in principle suited to a practical situation represented by some combination of the key issues recognizable by a manager. The paper discusses the strengths, weaknesses, limitations and practicality of the methods falling into each group. It concludes with suggestions about how a framework could be extended and refined. Keywords: Research and Development, Project Selection.
Can countries create comparative advantages? R&D expenditures, high-tech exports and country size in 19 OECD countries, 1981–1999

This paper analyses how increased R&D expenditures and market size influence the distribution of comparative advantage. Previous studies report ambiguous results and also refer to periods when markets where much more segmented and production factors less mobile. The empirical analysis comprises 19 OECD-countries and spans the period 1981 to 1999. It is shown how an increase in R&D-expenditures by one percentage point implies a three-percentage point increase in high-technology exports, whereas market size fails to attain significance. In addition, institutional factors influence the dynamics of comparative advantage.
An Overview: Tourism Non-governmental Organizations and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries

This article illustrates how select non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are using tourism as a development tool for poverty reduction. These tourism-oriented NGOs are becoming increasingly relevant as an alternative and legitimate source of development aid to many developing countries, since the turn of the 21st century. Many NGOs based in the developed world, in their quest to meet the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals, are partnering with developing world NGOs and communities to help create locally initiated solutions to poverty. These partnerships ensure community involvement and more direct benefits to communities, while creating sustainable solutions that preserve their culture and environment. Although there are several distinct types of tourism NGO providing both financial and non-financial benefits to poor and indigenous communities, this article focuses on three−educational and advocacy organizations, “voluntourism” organizations and tour company foundations−that have made substantial contributions to poverty reduction through sustainable tourism. Is this an effective means of providing communities with socially and environmentally responsible tourism in developing countries in Africa, Asia and Central and South America? This article suggests that it is; however, the lack of uniform standards for measuring the success of these organizations complicates efforts to ascertain the exact levels of poverty reduction.
Attentional Bias Modification for Social Anxiety Disorder: What do Patients Think and Why does it Matter?

Background: In the past decade, a great deal of research has examined the efficacy and mechanisms of attentional bias modification (ABM), a computerized cognitive training intervention for anxiety and other disorders. However, little research has examined how anxious patients perceive ABM, and it is unclear to what extent perceptions of ABM influence outcome. Aims: To examine patient perceptions of ABM across two studies, using a mixed methods approach. Method: In the first study, participants completed a traditional ABM program and received a hand-out with minimal information about the purpose of the task. In the second study, participants completed an adaptive ABM program and were provided with more extensive rationale and instructions for changing attentional biases. Results: A number of themes emerged from qualitative data related to perceived symptom changes and mechanisms of action, acceptability, early perceptions of the program, barriers/facilitators to engagement, and responses to adaptive features. Moreover, quantitative data suggested that patients’ perceptions of the program predicted symptom reduction as well as change in attentional bias. Conclusions: Our quantitative data suggest that it may be possible to quickly and inexpensively identify some patients who may benefit from current ABM programs, although our qualitative data suggest that ABM needs major modifications before it will be an acceptable and credible treatment more broadly. Although the current study was limited by sample size and design features of the parent trials from which these data originated, our findings may be useful for guiding hypotheses in future studies examining patient perceptions towards ABM.
Age-dependent changes in cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise in beagle dogs.

There is little data available on age-dependent changes in cardiovascular and metabolic functional capacity in older dogs and their geriatric importance, although the frequency of cardiovascular diseases increases with age in the dog, too. Thus we investigated major cardiovascular and metabolic parameters during and after physical exercise by treadmill-running in 5-10 year-old Beagles. We analysed electrocardiograms, body temperature, haematology, blood chemistry and blood gases. There were hardly any significant differences in the baseline values at rest in the younger dogs as compared with the older ones. However, in many of these parameters, significant differences became manifest after exercise. In the younger animals we measured significantly higher values of haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration after exercise by treadmill running. Furthermore, we also found a significantly lower venous oxygen tension and lower oxygen saturation in venous blood as well as a significant lower plasma glucose level in the older animals during the recovery period. Heart rate during and immediately after exercise, as well as body temperature after exercise, was significantly lower in the older animals. Almost all of our examined parameters that change significantly with age during and after exercise (e.g. heart rate, plasma glucose, body temperature and red blood cells) are modulated at least partly by catecholamines and the sympathetic system. We were able to demonstrate in our investigation that the ageing of the cardiovascular system also results in a progressive loss of organ reserve and adaptability, presumably due at least in part to functional changes in the catecholaminergic system. This age-related decline in the functional capability of the cardiovascular system probably creates a basis for cardiovascular diseases in older age.
Solving Generalized Column Subset Selection With Heuristic Search

We address the problem of approximating a matrix by the linear combination of a column sparse matrix and a low rank matrix. Two variants of a heuristic search algorithm are described. The first produces an optimal solution but may be slow, as these problems are believed to be NP-hard. The second is much faster, but only guarantees a suboptimal solution. The quality of the approximation and the optimality criterion can be specified in terms of unitarily invariant norms.
Company performance and objectives reported by first and multi‐generation family companies: a research note

Speculative hypotheses relating to firm performance and company objective differences between first and multi‐generation family firms were tested. Bivariate differences were found to be spurious. Results from multivariate multiple regression and logistic regression analyses suggest that the performance of first and multi‐generation firms do not significantly differ in terms of employment growth, the propensity of a firm to be an exporter, and the intensity of internationalization activity. In addition, it was confirmed that the profitability of a family firm was not significantly influenced by its generation stage. It was, however, confirmed that multi‐generation firms were significantly more likely to report a prime company objective is “to enhance the reputation and status of the business in the local community”. In contrast, first generation firms were significantly more likely to report “family objectives have priority over business objectives”. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Tooth Movement into the Regenerated Area after Distraction Osteogenesis

Objective To analyze the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on newly formed bone in distracted areas surrounding the root of a moving tooth by histological and radiological analysis. It was hypothesized that the application of hyperbaric oxygen to a tooth moving into the distracted area would accelerate ossification and vascularization of newly formed bone in the distracted space. Design Ten dogs were used. After creating a 10-mm-long bone defect, a bony segment was prepared and translocated into the defect area at a rate of 1 mm/d for 10 days. Following the distraction period, tooth movement was started and the dogs were divided into two groups. The HBO group received hyperbaric oxygen; whereas, the control group did not. At 150 days after tooth movement, the distracted area around the moving tooth was evaluated radiologically and histologically. Differences between groups were confirmed by a Mann-Whitney U test. Results Trabecular bone density and cortical and subcortical bone areas measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the HBO group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Histological observations revealed regenerated bone and blood vessels formation in the tension site of the moving tooth in the HBO group. The regenerated bone structure measured by bone histomorphometry was larger and more active in bone formation in the HBO group than in the control group. Conclusions Applying hyperbaric oxygen to tooth movement into a distracted area appears to accelerate ossification and vascularization of regenerated bone in the that area.
An Analysis of Watermove Water Markets

This paper conducts an analysis of the water markets in Victoria covered by Watermove. The analysis in this paper examines the weekly trading activity across trading zones. For the majority of trading zones there is little trading activity that occurs. There are three trading zones in which the markets for temporary water rights are reasonably active and liquid on a weekly basis, and for these zones an analysis is conducted of their demand and supply elasticities and consumer and producer surplus. The results of this analysis suggest a stronger relationship on the supply side between prices, volumes, elasticity and producer surplus.
How Tourists and Tourism Experts Perceive Climate Change and Carbon-offsetting Schemes

This study was undertaken against the background of tourism as an active contributor to climate change, to explore how tourists and 'tourism experts' perceive climate change and forest carbon sinks as a means to offset carbon dioxide emissions. Three different surveys were undertaken in Australia and New Zealand that contained the same two questions: is climate change an issue for tourism, and would tourists be willing to participate in tree-planting to offset their greenhouse gas emissions. About half of all tourists questioned a link between climate change and tourism, but the willingness to plant a tree was surprisingly high among tourists (48%), who associated much broader benefits with trees than their function as carbon sinks. The study identified five groups of tourists that require different approaches for the development of educational campaigns. The degree to which cognitive or affective factors play a role for each group will be critical for the success of such campaigns. Tourism experts saw a changing climate as a potential threat for tourism, but did not necessarily see tourism's fossil fuel consumption and the resulting carbon dioxide emissions as a contributor to climate change.
Learning from Difference: The New Architecture of Experimentalist Governance in the EU

This article argues that current widespread characterisations of EU governance as multi-level and networked overlook the emergent architecture of the EU's public rule making. In this architecture, framework goals (such as full employment, social inclusion, good water status, a unified energy grid) and measures for gauging their achievement are established by joint action of the Member States and EU institutions. Lower-level units (such as national ministries or regulatory authorities and the actors with whom they collaborate) are given the freedom to advance these ends as they see fit. But in return for this autonomy, they must report regularly on their performance and participate in a peer review in which their results are compared with those pursuing other means to the same general ends. Finally, the framework goals, performance measures, and decision-making procedures themselves are periodically revised by the actors, including new participants whose views come to be seen as indispensable to full and fair deliberation. Although this architecture cannot be read off from either Treaty provisions or textbook accounts of the formal competences of EU institutions, the article traces its emergence and diffusion across a wide range of policy domains, including telecommunications, energy, drug authorisation, occupational health and safety, employment promotion, social inclusion, pensions, health care, environmental protection, food safety, maritime safety, financial services, competition policy, state aid, anti-discrimination policy and fundamental rights.
Sending Sound to the Brain

The cochlear implant, a microelectrode array that directly stimulates the auditory nerve, has greatly benefited many individuals with profound deafness. Deaf patients without an intact auditory nerve may be helped by the next generation of auditory prostheses: surface or penetrating auditory brainstem implants that bypass the auditory nerve and directly stimulate auditory processing centers in the brainstem.
Linking work–family conflict to job attitudes: the mediating role of social exchange relationships

This study uses social exchange theory to develop a model of the processes linking work–family conflict to job attitudes. This model was tested on a sample of 236 employees in Taiwan's high-technology industry. The regression results revealed that perceived organizational support and leader–member exchange fully mediated the influence of work–family conflict on intentions to quit and affective organizational commitment, and partially mediated work–family conflict's influence on job satisfaction. The implications are discussed in this article.
GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE OMEGA 1 AND OMEGA 2 PHARMACOGENOMICS

Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 and omega 2 (GSTO1 and GSTO2) catalyze monomethyl arsenate reduction, the rate-limiting reaction in arsenic biotransformation. As a step toward pharmacogenomic studies of these phase II enzymes, we resequenced human GSTO1 and GSTO2 using DNA samples from four ethnic groups. We identified 31 and 66 polymorphisms in GSTO1 and GSTO2, respectively, with four nonsynonymous-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in each gene. There were striking variations among ethnic groups in polymorphism frequencies and types. Expression constructs were created for all eight nonsynonymous cSNPs, as well as a deletion of codon 155 in GSTO1, and those constructs were used to transfect COS-1 cells. Quantitative Western blot analysis, after correction for transfection efficiency, showed a reduction in protein level of greater than 50% for the GSTO1 Tyr32 variant allozyme compared with wild type (WT), whereas levels for the Asp140, Lys208, Val236, and codon 155 deletion variant constructs were similar to that of the WT. For GSTO2, the Tyr130 and Ile158 variant allozymes showed 50 and 84% reductions in levels of expression, respectively, compared with WT, whereas the Ile41 and Asp142 allozymes displayed levels similar to that of WT GSTO2. Rabbit reticulocyte lysate degradation studies showed that the GSTO1 Tyr32 and the GSTO2 Tyr130, Ile158, and Asp142/Ile158 variant allozymes were degraded more rapidly than were their respective WT allozymes. These observations raise the possibility of functionally significant pharmacogenomic variation in the expression and function of GSTO1 and GSTO2.
A Theory of Quits and Layoffs with Efficient Turnover

This paper answers the efficient-turnover literature's long silence regarding the quit-layoff distinction. Treating quits as worker-initiated separations and layoffs as firm-initiated separations, I establish that the existence of layoffs is compatible with optimizing workers and firms forming and dissolving employment matches to exploit all the gains from trade. The efficient-turnover approach is shown to be consistent with many empirical regularities that distinguish quits from layoffs. Structural implications of the model are tested on data from the PSID.