Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Response of Drought-Stressed Pinus sylvestris Seedlings to Single- and Multi-Species Inoculation with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Many trees species form symbiotic associations with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which improve nutrient and water acquisition of their host. Until now it is unclear whether the species richness of ECM fungi is beneficial for tree seedling performance, be it during moist conditions or drought. We performed a pot experiment using Pinus sylvestris seedlings inoculated with four selected ECM fungi (Cenococcum geophilum, Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon roseolus and Suillus granulatus) to investigate (i) whether these four ECM fungi, in monoculture or in species mixtures, affect growth of P. sylvestris seedlings, and (ii) whether this effect can be attributed to species number per se or to species identity. Two different watering regimes (moist vs. dry) were applied to examine the context-dependency of the results. Additionally, we assessed the activity of eight extracellular enzymes in the root tips. Shoot growth was enhanced in the presence of S. granulatus, but not by any other ECM fungal species. The positive effect of S. granulatus on shoot growth was more pronounced under moist (threefold increase) than under dry conditions (twofold increase), indicating that the investigated ECM fungi did not provide additional support during drought stress. The activity of secreted extracellular enzymes was higher in S. granulatus than in any other species. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ECM fungal species composition may affect seedling performance in terms of aboveground biomass.
The Influence of Environmental Knowledge, Green Product Knowledge, Green Word of Mouth, Greenwashing, and Green Confusion as Mediator of Green Purchase Intention

Global warming is a major concern throughout the world. In this context, the role of consumers in preserving the environment is increasingly under the spotlight. Consumer purchasing decisions can have a significant impact on business practices. This research aims to explore the relationship between environmental knowledge, green product knowledge, green word of mouth, and greenwashing practices which often become challenges in the business environment. Apart from that, the research explains the role of green confusion as a mediator of greenwashing on green purchase intention. This research provides insight for business practitioners in their efforts to support consumers in making environmentally friendly purchasing decisions. The research methodology adopted a quantitative survey approach, with a research population of consumers who were aware of single-use gallon products. In this study, 150 samples were used. The analytical tool used in the research is SMART PLS 4. The research results found that environmental knowledge has a positive and significant effect on green purchase intention. Apart from that, green word of mouth also has a positive but not significant effect on green purchase intention. However, the most interesting result is the relationship between greenwashing and green confusion. Greenwashing was found to have a positive and significant effect on green confusion. Interestingly, when greenwashing is mediated by green confusion, the results have a negative but not significant effect on green purchase intention. The limitation of this research is the sample size. In future research, it is hoped that the research subjects and sample size will be expanded so that better results can be obtained.
Tariffs and Growth: An Empirical Exploration of Contingent Relationships

A large body of empirical research indicates that countries with low policy-induced trade barriers tend to enjoy rapid growth, ceteris paribus. In contrast, alternative theoretical models suggest that the relationship between trade barriers and growth may be contingent on the level of development. Employing a direct trade-barrier measuread valorem tariff rateswe find evidence of such a contingency: the marginal effect of tariffs on growth is declining in the level of per capita income. Moreover, evidence of a negative relationship between tariffs and growth is apparent only among the world's rich countries.
A Secure Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Rubik's Cube Principle

In the past few years, several encryption algorithms based on chaotic systems have been proposed as means to protect digital images against cryptographic attacks. These encryption algorithms typically use relatively small key spaces and thus offer limited security, especially if they are one-dimensional. In this paper, we proposed a novel image encryption algorithm based on Rubik's cube principle. The original image is scrambled using the principle of Rubik's cube. Then, XOR operator is applied to rows and columns of the scrambled image using two secret keys. Finally, the experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme not only can achieve good encryption and perfect hiding ability but also can resist exhaustive attack, statistical attack, and differential attack.
Rtips: fast and accurate tools for RNA 2D structure prediction using integer programming

We present a web-based tool set Rtips for fast and accurate prediction of RNA 2D complex structures. Rtips comprises two computational tools based on integer programming, IPknot for predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots and RactIP for predicting RNA–RNA interactions with kissing hairpins. Both servers can run much faster than existing services with the same purpose on large data sets as well as being at least comparable in prediction accuracy. The Rtips web server along with the stand-alone programs is freely accessible at http://rna.naist. jp/.
Simulation of local scour development downstream of broad-crested weir with inclined apron

Broad crested weirs are hydraulic structures used to control the flow depth and discharge of channels. Structures constructed in rivers and channels are exposed to scour around their foundations as they cause turbulences in uniform flow and sediment transport as a result of increase in flow velocities at downstream. If the scour depth becomes substantial the stability of the foundations endangered with a resultant hazard to the structural failure. In this study the flow field variation and the equivalent depth of scour was simulated by means of three-dimensional numerical analysis using a sediment scour model of FLOW-3D program. The sediment scour model in FLOW-3D is able to simulate the scour hole development process, in this study four models of inclined apron of broad crested weirs [A, B, C, D] with different downstream reverse angles (0 ° , 4.5 ° , 8.7 ° ,13 ° ) respectively are tested under the same flow intensity and the same duration, based on experimental study from the literature that has been held for a duration of 6 hours to see if the same behavior will be concluded for scour reduction. Downstream of the first models act as ordinary weir while the other models act as an obstacle toward the flow, the water flows above the sloped downstream bed and dissipates some of its energy. There was a good agreement between experimental and FLOW-3D results. The results showed, that model C reduces local scour hole volume, the maximum scour depth in addition shift the scour holes away from the structure as compared to the other models. The idea is decreasing downstream height of broad crested weir while providing an obstacle in shape of sloped downstream bed toward the flowing water. This reduction gave the weir a new performance by making it as an energy dissipater. The present technique similarly reduces construction costs also improves the hydraulic performance of single step broad crested weirs.
Sociodemographic Differentials of Selected Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors Among Adults in Matlab, Bangladesh: Findings From a WHO STEPS Survey

The study examined noncommunicable diseases risk factors among adults 25 to 64 years old of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System using World Health Organization STEP-wise methodology. The prevalence of smoking was found to be very high for males (53.9%) and it increased initially with age, whereas smoking was almost nil for females (0.8%). About 30% each of males and females used smokeless tobacco and its consumption increased with age. Consumption of vegetable/fruit is very low in this population (90% below recommended level), whereas one third of males and two thirds of female have low levels of physical activities. The raised blood pressure was more prevalent among females than in males (21.0% vs 12.5%, respectively) and the same was true for being overweight (13.9% vs 10.3%, respectively). Raised blood pressure increased with age but overweight did not vary by age for males, whereas it increased initially for females. Smoking (males) and use of smokeless tobacco decreased with increase in education, but both blood pressure and overweight increased.
Learning Optimal Bayesian Networks Using A* Search

This paper formulates learning optimal Bayesian network as a shortest path finding problem. An A* search algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. With the guidance of a consistent heuristic, the algorithm learns an optimal Bayesian network by only searching the most promising parts of the solution space. Empirical results show that the A* search algorithm significantly improves the time and space efficiency of existing methods on a set of benchmark datasets.
Signaling cost and performance of SIGMA: A seamless handover scheme for data networks

Department of Technology Education, Korea National University of Education, San 7-1, Darakri, Chongwon-Gun, Chungbuk, 363-791, KoreaSummaryMobile IPhasbeendeveloped to handlemobility of Internet hosts at thenetworklayer.MobileIP(MIP),however,suffers from a number of drawbacks such as requirement of infrastructure change, high handover latency, highpacket loss rate, and conﬂict with network security solutions. In this paper, we describe and evaluate theperformance of SIGMA, a Seamless IP diversity-based Generalized Mobility Architecture. SIGMA utilizesmultihoming to achieve seamless handover of mobile hosts, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks ofMIP, including requirement for changes in infrastructure. We ﬁrst evaluate the signaling cost of SIGMA andcomparewiththatofhierarchicalMobileIPv6(anenhancementofMobileIP)byanalyticalmodeling,followedbycomparison of handover performance of SIGMA and Mobile IPv6 enhancements. Criteria for performanceevaluation include handover latency, packet loss, throughput, and network friendliness. Our results indicatethat in most cases SIGMA has a lower signaling cost than Hierarchical Mobile IPv6. Moreover, for a typicalnetwork conﬁguration,SIGMA hasahigherhandoverperformanceoverMobileIP.Copyright#2005JohnWiley& Sons, Ltd.KEY WORDS: mobile handover; SIGMA; mobile IP; IP diversity; signaling cost1. IntroductionMobile IP (MIP) [1] has been designed to handlemobility of Internet hosts at the network layer tomanage mobile data communication. It allows aTCP connection to remain alive when a mobile host(MH) moves from one point of attachment to another.Several drawbacks exist when using MIP in a mobilecomputing environment, the most important onesidentiﬁed to date are high handover latency, highpacket loss rate [2], and requirement for change ininfrastructure. MIP is based on the concept of homeagent (HA) and foreign agent (FA) (which requiresmodiﬁcationtoexistingroutersinInternet)forroutingpackets from previous point of attachment to the newone. An MH needs to complete the following foursteps before it can receive forwarded data from theprevious point of attachment: (i) perform layer 2 (L2)handover, (ii) discover the new care of address (CoA),(iii) registering the new CoA with the HA, and (iv)
Genotype × environment interaction, and stability analysis in lowland rice promising genotypes

This assessing of genotype × environment interaction is one important step for accurate rice promising genotypes evaluation in large multi-environment trials. In this study, ten rice promising genotypes and two Indonesian rice varieties were grown in nsix environments during 2011 plant season to determine the grain yield stability and adaptability. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield stability and adaptability of yield performance were analyzed by using coefficient regression (bi), general mean of yield and deviation of regression by Finlay-Wilkinson and Eberhart-Russell method and other parameters of stability and AMMI model. From the current study, it is concluded that among rice promising genotypes that identified superior performance genotypes i.e. IPB 107-F-5-1-1, IPB 115-F-3-2-1, IPB 116-F-44-1-1, IPB 116-F-46-1-1, IPB 117-F-4-1-1, and IPB 149-F-8-1-1 were stable for two or more stability parameters and combination with high yield potential. Further analysis based on YSi only select four of the above genotypes i.e, IPB 115-F-3-2-1, IPB 116F-44-1-1, IPB 117-F-4-1-1, and IPB 149-F-8-1-1, that could be recommended to farmers based on their performance of stability and high yield potential during selection. Based on AMMI biplot analysis, genotypes IPB 116-F-3-1-1, IPB 116-F-46-1-1, IPB 116-F-44-1-1and IPB 149-F-8-1-1 were more stable and have minimal interaction with environment. Whereas, genotypes IPB 117-F-4-1-1 and IPB 107-F-5-1-1 was gave indication to adapt at specific environmental condition.
The Effectiveness of Using Mobile Learning-Based E-Plantbook with a Scientific Approach to Increase Student Learning Outcomes

The use of learning resources that have not yet ideal creates difficulties for students, particularly on Plantae material at SMA Negeri 1 Kembang, Jepara Regency, Central Java Province. Students had difficulties in identifying, mentioning, explaining the characteristics, body structure, and grouping plants into divisions based on general characteristics. In addition, the absence of the data from observations and phenetic and phylogenetic analyzes of plants and the role of plants in survival on earth (particularly in the surrounding environment), had an impact on the difficulty of achieving Core Competency Plantae. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the e-plantbook with a scientific approach to student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Kembang, Jepara Regency, Central Java Province. E-plantbook is a mobile learning applications-based e-book naming on Plantae material. E-plantbook can be used as an alternative learning resource for students. This research method is quasi-experimental to measure the effectiveness of using e-plantbook with a non-equivalent research design pretest-posttest control group design to measure learning outcomes. The average of student learning outcomes in the cognitive aspect is 89. E-plantbook is assessed to be effective based on a) the results of the t test for increasing cognitive learning outcomes with a significance of 0.000 (< 0.05) which indicates a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class, b) N Gain cognitive learning outcomes of 0.71 in the experimental class is greater than the control class (0.45), and c) the average score of the psychomotor aspect of the experimental class (3.80) with a very good category and greater than control class (3.53) with very good category. The use of e-plantbooks in the learning process could encourage student-centered learning because students were more active and students could learn independently.
Lighting with paint

Lighting is a fundamental aspect of computer cinematography that involves the placement and configuration of lights to establish mood and enhance storytelling. This process is labor intensive as artists repeatedly adjust the parameters of a large set of complex lights to achieve a desired effect. Typical lighting controls affect the final image indirectly, requiring a large number of trials to obtain a suitable result. We present an interactive system wherein an artist paints desired lighting effects directly into the scene, and the computer solves for parameters that achieve the desired look. The artist can paint color, light shape, shadows, highlights, and reflections using a suite of tools designed for painting light. Our system matches these effects using a nonlinear optimizer made robust by a combination of initial estimates, system design, and user-guided optimization. In contrast, previous work on painting light has not permitted the lights to move, allowing for linear optimization but preventing its use in computer cinematography. To demonstrate our approach we lit several scenes, mainly using a direct illumination renderer designed for computer animation, but also including two other rendering styles. We show that painting interfaces can quickly produce high quality lighting setups, easing the lighting artist's workflow.
Simplex (differentiated) type VIN: absence of p16INK4 supports its weak association with HPV and its probable precursor role in non‐HPV related vulvar squamous cancers

any histological resemblance to tumours of Müllerian origin support such a diagnosis. The most effective therapy is complete surgical excision, while the role of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains controversial. The FATWO should be distinguished from granulosa cell tumours, mainly of the diffuse or the infantile type, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours and adenomatoid tumours and endometrioid carcinomas of the Fallopian tubes. The resemblance to these tumours, however, is only superficial and, if sufficient tissue is examined, the Wolffian origin of the tumour becomes apparent. Endometrioid carcinoma of the Fallopian tube usually occurs as an intralumenal mass and has abnormal hyperchromatic nuclei and high mitotic activity. Intralumenal mucin is common, and reticulin is arranged around groups of neoplastic glands that are EMA-positive. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours more commonly occur in young females, aged 20–30 years, and develop in the ovaries, rather than the broad ligaments or the mesosalpinx. More importantly, they contain typical Leydig cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and may be associated with endocrine manifestations due to androgen secretion. In addition, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours often express a-inhibin. Granulosa cell tumours are composed of typical cells exhibiting longitudinal nuclear grooving and a strong diffuse inhibin positivity. Adenomatoid tumours also contain cyst-like spaces, but these are set in a connective tissue stroma that is often hyalinized and contains smooth muscle fibres. Nonetheless, it has been reported that among 25 FATWO seen in consultation, the correct diagnosis was considered by the referring pathologist in only 17%. The biological behaviour of these tumours is unpredictable but is, in general, benign. This is only the seventh malignant tumour described thus far, with distinctive morphological features being the large size of the tumour, larger than 100 mm, apparent hypercellularity, capsular invasion, and rupture of the capsule with demonstrable tumour implants and metastases. This report serves to remind us of the existence of female adnexal tumours of probable Wolffian origin and, in particular, their malignant potential.
Language Identification in Code-Switching Scenario

This paper describes a CRF based token level language identification system entry to Language Identification in CodeSwitched (CS) Data task of CodeSwitch 2014. Our system hinges on using conditional posterior probabilities for the individual codes (words) in code-switched data to solve the language identification task. We also experiment with other linguistically motivated language specific as well as generic features to train the CRF based sequence labeling algorithm achieving reasonable results.
Monotonicity Constraints for Termination in the Integer Domain

Size-Change Termination (SCT) is a method of proving program termination based on the impossibility of infinite descent. To this end we use a program abstraction in which transitions are described by Monotonicity Constraints over (abstract) variables. When only constraints of the form x>y' and x\geq y' are allowed, we have size-change graphs. In the last decade, both theory and practice have evolved significantly in this restricted framework. The crucial underlying assumption of most of the past work is that the domain of the variables is well-founded. In a recent paper I showed how to extend and adapt some theory from the domain of size-change graphs to general monotonicity constraints, thus complementing previous work, but remaining in the realm of well-founded domains. However, monotonicity constraints are, interestingly, capable of proving termination also in the integer domain, which is not well-founded. The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of monotonicity constraints in this domain. We lay the necessary theoretical foundation, and present precise decision procedures for termination; finally, we provide a procedure to construct explicit global ranking functions from monotonicity constraints in singly-exponential time, and of optimal worst-case size and dimension (ordinal).
Studying Cerebellar Circuits by Remote Control of Selected Neuronal Types with GABAA Receptors

Although GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells by molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) has been studied intensely at the cellular level, it has remained unclear how this inhibition regulates cerebellum-dependent behaviour. We have implemented two complementary approaches to investigate the function of the MLI-Purkinje cell synapse on the behavioural level. In the first approach we permanently disrupted inhibitory fast synaptic transmission at the synapse by genetically removing the postsynaptic GABAA receptors from Purkinje cells (PC-Δγ2 mice). We found that chronic disruption of the MLI-Purkinje cell synapse strongly impaired cerebellar learning of the vestibular occular reflex (VOR), presumably by disrupting the temporal patterns of Purkinje cell activity. However, in PC-Δγ2 mice the baseline VOR reflex was only mildly affected; indeed PC-Δγ2 mice show no ataxia or gait abnormalities, suggesting that MLI control of Purkinje cell activity is either not involved in ongoing motor tasks or that the system compensates for its loss. To investigate the latter possibility we developed an alternative genetic technique; we made the MLI-Purkinje cell synapse selectively sensitive to rapid manipulation with the GABAA receptor modulator zolpidem (PC-γ2-swap mice). Minutes after intraperitoneal zolpidem injection, these PC-γ2-swap mice developed severe motor abnormalities, revealing a substantial contribution of the MLI-Purkinje cell synapses to real time motor control. The cell-type selective permanent knockout of synaptic GABAergic input and the fast reversible modulation of GABAergic input at the same synapse illustrate how pursuing both strategies gives a fuller view.
Tracking Inconsitencies in an Integrated Platform

A response to the increasing complexity of contemporary systems is the use of integrated platforms for their development. Integrated platforms may involve diierent technologies and methodologies, that may lead unavoidably to inconsistencies. Tracking inconsistencies in such environments remains still an open issue, especially when we are working with diierent formalisms. In this paper, we introduce an approach to deal with such kinds of inconsistencies, based on semantic equivalence between constructs in diierent languages involved. We present a case study involving two speciication formalisms, namely UML and OUN.