Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Associates with Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Normally Grown Fetuses

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate whether Doppler changes in the fetal middle cerebral (MCA) and umbilical arteries (UA) suggesting fetal hypoxemia precede the onset of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). Methods: We studied 2,340 appropriate-for-gestational-age singleton pregnancies that had MCA and UA pulsatility indices (PI) recorded at 28-32 weeks. Values including the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were converted into multiples of the median and evaluated according to both gestational age at the onset of labor and the interval between ultrasound and labor. ROC analysis was used to calculate the ability in the prediction of spontaneous PTB before 32, 34 and 37 weeks' gestation. Results: While no correlations were observed for the UA PI and CPR, lower MCA PI values were associated with an earlier onset of labor (p < 0.001) and a shorter ultrasound-labor interval (p = 0.028). The ROC analysis at different gestational ages and intervals to labor indicated that MCA PI values were poorly predictive of spontaneous PTB (all areas under the curve <0.7). Conclusions: Low MCA PI values at 28-32 weeks are associated with subsequent spontaneous PTB, indicating that fetal hypoxemia unrelated with placental disease might be implicated in the onset of labor. This association, however, is unlikely to be useful in the prediction of PTB.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Brinzolamide Containing Nanoemulsions

Brinzolamide (BZ) is an intraocular pressure reducing agent with low bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to overcome this issue by development of BZ containing nanoemulsions (NEs) as an ocular drug delivery system with desirable therapeutic efficacy. Brinzolamide NEs were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Based on initial release studies, twelve formulations with the slowest release characteristics were subjected to further physicochemical investigations such as particle size, polydispersity index, pH, refractive index, osmolality and viscosity. The therapeutic efficacy of these formulations was assessed by measuring the intraocular pressure after instillation of the prepared NEs in normotensive albino rabbit eyes. Nanoemulsions with suitable physicochemical properties exhibited high formulation stability under different conditions. more over biological evaluations indicated that using lower drug concentrations in NE formulations (0.4%) had a similar or even better pharmacodynamic effect compared to the commercial suspension with a higher drug concentration (1%). Our findings suggest that NEs could be effectively used as carriers for enhancing the bioavailability of topically applied ophthalmic drugs.
Primary French in the balance

Summary During 1963, arrangements were made by the then Ministry of Education for a national experiment in foreign‐language teaching to be carried out in selected primary schools in England and Wales. The main purpose of the experiment, which came to be known as the Pilot Scheme for the teaching of French in primary schools, was to discover whether it would be both feasible and educationally desirable to extend the teaching of a foreign language to pupils who represented a wider range of age and ability than those to whom foreign languages had traditionally been taught. Under the Pilot Scheme, French was to be introduced into the primary school curriculum on an experimental basis from September 1964 onwards. The choice of French as the language to be taught was virtually inevitable, since it would have been impossible to provide an adequate teaching force for the implementation of the experiment if any language other than French had been chosen. In most of the schools taking part in the Pilot Scheme, Fren.
Young workers' work values, attitudes, and behaviours.

Young workers represent the workforce of the future. We discuss research on two major influences on young people's work-related values, attitudes, and behaviours, namely family influences and work experiences. Particular emphasis is given to the role of young people's work experiences in shaping their future work-related attitudes, values, and behaviours (an under-researched area in occupational/ organizational psychology). To begin outlining a research agenda based on young workers, changes in the world of work and emerging areas of importance for the future generation of workers and their organizations are also highlighted (i.e. the rise in non-standard employment, leadership, workplace health and safety and unions).
Calculation of the Probability of Survival for Trauma Patients Based on Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score Model in Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil

Background Trauma, in addition to economic and social costs, is the fourth cause of death in the world and in the year 2000 alone, it led to the death of more than 6000000 people. In Iran, Trauma has the first burden of disease and also needs a long medical surveillance. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of trauma cases using the trauma score and the injury severity score (TRISS) model and then comparing this with the results of a major trauma outcome study (MTOS) carried out in the US. Patients and Methods This study is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study on 1000 patients aged 2 - 82 years old with closed or penetrating traumas staying at Ardebil Fatemi hospital. In this study, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), and TRISS were calculated and patients' viability ratios were obtained. Results The results showed that 714 patients (71.4%) were male and 286 patients (28.6%) female with the mean age of 35.68 years. In this study 45 (4.5%) and 955 patients (95.5%) had penetrating and blunt traumas, respectively, whereby the head and neck were the most prevalent (74%) areas of injury. The most common reason for these traumas was, accident with vehicles with 670 cases (67%), which resulted in hospitalization. From this group, ninety-seven cases (9.7%) died in the hospital. From these results, calculations of ISS and RTS were 15.50 ± 11.31 and 7.49 ± 0.79, respectively. According to the calculation of the TRISS model, 91.5% of trauma victims should be survived, while only 90.3% survived practically. Conclusions We can conclude that the surveillance presented to our injured group probably had some defects that need to be revised in therapeutic services to enhance survival requirements.
Anonymous sources hurt credibility of news stories across cultures: A comparative experiment in America and China

This cross-cultural experiment (N = 620) tested the impact of the use of anonymous sources on perceived news story credibility in America and China, two countries with assumed different journalistic standards. Both Americans and Chinese rated news stories with only anonymous sources as less credible than stories with identified sources. The attitude of Americans towards news stories was found to be more positive. The study represents the first comparative research on the topic with rigorously established cross-cultural equivalences.
The FGF and FGFR Gene Family and Risk of Cleft Lip with or Without Cleft Palate

Background Isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common human congenital malformation with a complex and heterogeneous etiology. Genes coding for fibroblast growth factors and their receptors (FGF/FGFR genes) are excellent candidate genes. Methods We tested single-nucleotide polymorphic markers in 10 FGF/FGFR genes (including FGFBP1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF18, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF19, FGF4, FGF3, and FGF9) for genotypic effects, interactions with one another, and with common maternal environmental exposures in 221 Asian and 76 Maryland case-parent trios ascertained through a child with isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Results Both FGFR1 and FGF19 yielded evidence of linkage and association in the transmission disequilibrium test, confirming previous evidence. Haplotypes of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGFR1 were nominally significant among Asian trios. Estimated odds ratios for individual single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and haplotypes of multiple markers in FGF19 ranged from 1.31 to 1.87. We also found suggestive evidence of maternal genotypic effects for markers in FGF2 and FGF10 among Asian trios. Tests for gene-environment (G x E) interaction between markers in FGFR2 and maternal smoking or multivitamin supplementation yielded significant evidence of G x E interaction separately. Tests of gene-gene (G x G) interaction using Cordell's method yielded significant evidence between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGF9 and FGF18, which was confirmed in an independent sample of trios from an international consortium. Conclusion Our results suggest several genes in the FGF/FGFR family may influence risk for isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate through distinct biological mechanisms.
Thermodynamic study of dihydrogen phosphate dimerisation and complexation with novel urea- and thiourea-based receptors.

Complexation of dihydrogen phosphate by novel thiourea and urea receptors in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide was studied in detail by an integrated approach by using several methods (isothermal titration calorimetry, ESI-MS, and (1)H NMR and UV spectroscopy). Thermodynamic investigations into H2PO4(-) dimerisation, which is a process that has been frequently recognised, but rarely quantitatively described, were carried out as well. The corresponding equilibrium was taken into account in the anion-binding studies, which enabled reliable determination of the complexation thermodynamic quantities. In both solvents the thiourea derivatives exhibited considerably higher binding affinities with respect to those containing the urea moiety. In acetonitrile, 1:1 and 2:1 (anion/receptor) complexes formed, whereas in dimethyl sulfoxide only the significantly less stable complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry were detected. The solvent effects on the thermodynamic parameters of dihydrogen phosphate dimerisation and complexation reactions are discussed.
Athlete experiences of disordered eating in sport

To date, research into disordered eating in sport has focused on the prevalence and the identification of putative risk factors. Findings suggest that elite female athletes participating in sports with a focus on leanness or aesthetics are at greatest risk. A paucity of research remains as to the period after onset and how existing sufferers manage their illness over time. In line with the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study ‘gives voice’ to four athletes who have experienced disordered eating, documenting their personal accounts and interpreting these accounts from a psychological perspective. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and verbatim transcripts were analysed according to the procedures of IPA. Three superordinate themes emerged from the data: the struggle to disclose, social support needs and identity challenges. Athletes’ stories provided rich descriptions of their subjective disordered eating experiences. Their accounts give critical insight into the impact of eating disturbance on the lives of athletes. Future research should continue to identify athletes with existing eating problems in order to improve understanding as to how such individuals can best be helped.
Relationship and technique in the long-term integrative psychotherapy of schizophrenia: A single case study

Abstract It has been asserted that an integrative psychotherapy can promote recovery from schizophrenia by helping clients develop and evolve a richer personal narrative of their challenges and abilities. Yet it is unclear what techniques such a therapy might employ, and how those techniques are related to the developing therapeutic relationship. To address these questions we have conducted blind qualitative and quantitative assessments of transcripts of an integrative psychotherapy over 22 months. Analyses suggest that over time the client evolved a more coherent account of his challenges and abilities, and experienced significant psychosocial improvements. The therapeutic alliance was observed to build slowly, with minimal intervention and care on the part of the therapist not to tell the story for the client. As the relationship grew stronger, the client began rapidly developing the narrative of his life, allowing for the introduction of greater levels of confrontation to enhance further the coherence .
Evaluation of some dairy and beef cattle feed samples for fungal contamination in Markazi Province of Iran

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 6 (2015) pp. 1139-1146 http://www.ijcmas. com Mycotoxins are one the most important issues of human health. One of the most important ways to transfer of these toxins in to human diet is through animal product. Because of this, investigation on the fungal contamination of animals feed which are the main sources of mycotoxins has been taken special importance. The present study evaluated 40 dairy cattle and 35 beef cattle feed samples for fungal contamination in central province of Iran, Arak. The samples were taken from five commercial distributors of animal feed. Five feed samples of beef cattle (35 samples totally) and eight feed samples of dairy (40 samples totally) were selected from these distributes. Dichloran-Glycerol (DG18) selective medium was used in the present study. The results showed the fungal contamination of feeds in dairy feeds samples was 37.5% (15/40) and it was 37.1% (13/35) in beef cattle feeds. The average values for fungal contamination for dairy feeds and beef feeds were 3.63 and 3.52 CFU/g respectively. The results clear that the high rates of fungal contamination of dairy and beef cattle feeds might be as important health concerning issues in the research area and more studies are granted to minimize this contamination in animal nutrition and consequently in human health. K ey wo rd s Animal feeds, Fungal contamination, Toxins,
Computed Tomography of Spinal Fractures

Computed tomography (CT) has aided significantly in the diagnosis and management of spinal fractures. The examination is easy. relatively quick, and avoids potentially harmful manipulation. The diagnostic advantages of CT include precise anatomic delineation and indication of extent of fractures, assessment of spinal stenosis, and demonstration of associated paiaspinal lesions.
Breast cancer knowledge and beliefs in subpopulations of African American and Caribbean women.

OBJECTIVE To examine breast cancer belief and knowledge deficits among previously unstudied African and Caribbean subpopulations and to consider the particular knowledge and belief components that are most lacking in each group. METHODS 1,364 African American, US-born white, English-speaking Caribbean, Haitian, Dominican, and Eastern European women were recruiting via stratified-cluster sampling. Participants provided demographics and measures of beliefs and knowledge. RESULTS There were between-group differences in cancer knowledge and beliefs and within-group variation in terms of which particular knowledge and belief items varied. CONCLUSIONS Studying how cognitive factors relate to screening in well-defined minority groups will capacitate interventions suited to the knowledge and belief deficits that characterize populations of diverse women.
The effects of unemployment on the mood, self-esteem, locus of control, and depressive affect of school-leavers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate some psychological effects of unemployment in school-leavers using a longitudinal research design. Questionnaires which included mood questions and scales measuring self-esteem, locus of control and depressive affect, were administered twice to 761 students, once while they were at school, and then again one year later. Comparisons between the unemployed and employed groups revealed that the unemployed were generally less well-adjusted than their employed counterparts. Specifically they reported greater negative mood and had higher depression scores, and the unemployed girls also displayed lower self-esteem. These differences, however, resulted largely from an improvement in outlook on the part of the employed, rather than from the unemployed becoming more depressed and losing self-esteem.
Pyridoxine‐dependent seizures: a family phenotype that leads to severe cognitive deficits, regardless of treatment regime

The neuropsychological and clinical histories of three male siblings affected by pyridoxine‐dependent seizures with known homozygous antiquitin mutations are presented. Neuropsychological evaluation is reported from when the siblings were 11, 9, and 7 years of age. Two of the siblings had received early pyridoxine treatment (antenatal, 2–4wks into pregnancy) and one had received late treatment (2mo postnatal). However, there was no differential effect on cognitive outcome, with all three siblings having moderate to severe learning disability. Unlike previously reported cases that received early postnatal treatment, none of the siblings had relatively preserved non‐verbal cognitive skills. Equally, their intellectual performance over time did not increase above the 1st centile despite high maintenance doses of vitamin B6 (range 16–26mg/kg/d), and mild sensory neuropathy was reported on nerve conduction studies. The findings in these siblings challenge assumptions that early and high dose pyridoxine treatment can benefit cognition in this population and suggest routine electromyography monitoring may be beneficial.
Cutting Edge: NLRC5-Dependent Activation of the Inflammasome

The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins, NLRs, are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. A subgroup of NLRs can form inflammasome complexes, which facilitate the maturation of procaspase 1 to caspase 1, leading to IL-1β and IL-18 cleavage and secretion. NLRC5 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has not been studied for inflammasome function. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of NLRC5 nearly eliminated caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 processing in response to bacterial infection, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and damage-associated molecular patterns. This was confirmed in primary human monocytic cells. NLRC5, together with procaspase 1, pro–IL-1β, and the inflammasome adaptor ASC, reconstituted inflammasome activity that showed cooperativity with NLRP3. The range of pathogens that activate NLRC5 inflammasome overlaps with those that activate NLRP3. Furthermore, NLRC5 biochemically associates with NLRP3 in a nucleotide-binding domain-dependent but leucine-rich repeat-inhibitory fashion. These results invoke a model in which NLRC5 interacts with NLRP3 to cooperatively activate the inflammasome.
Granzyme H of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Is Required for Clearance of the Hepatitis B Virus through Cleavage of the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein

The granule exocytosis pathway of cytotoxic lymphocytes plays critical roles in eradication of intracellular viruses. However, how hepatitis B virus (HBV) is cleared has not been defined. To clarify immune mechanisms underlying inhibition of the HBV replication, the relationship between granzyme H (GzmH) and HBV clearance was investigated. In this study, we found that the granule exocytosis pathway can inhibit HBV replication without induction of cytolysis of the infected cells. GzmH is essential for HBV eradication. The HBx protein (HBx), required for the replication of HBV, is cleaved at Met79 by GzmH. GzmH inhibitor can abolish GzmH- and lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated HBx degradation and HBV clearance. An HBx-deficient HBV is resistant to GzmH- and lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated viral clearance. Adoptive transfer of GzmH-overexpressing NK cells into HBV carrier mice facilitates in vivo HBV eradication. Importantly, low GzmH expression in cytotoxic lymphocytes of individuals is susceptible to HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. These results indicate that GzmH might be detected as a potential parameter for diagnosis of HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Vitamin D supplementation reduces thyroid peroxidase antibody levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims: Although Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD), the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on thyroid autoimmunity (thyroid peroxidase antibody [TPO-Ab] titers) in patients with newly diagnosed AITD in a randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: One hundred two patients with newly diagnosed AITD (TPO-Ab > 34 kIU/L and/or sonographic evidence of thyroiditis) patients were randomized into Group-1 (intervention group) and Group-2 (control group). Group-1 received cholecalciferol 60,000 IU weekly and calcium 500 mg/day for 8 weeks; Group-2 received calcium 500 mg/day for 8 weeks. Responders were defined as ≥25% fall in TPO-Ab titers. Individuals with at least 3-month follow-up were analyzed. Trial is registered at ctri.nic. in (CTRI/2015/04/005713). Results: Data from 100 AITD patients (68 with thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] ≤10 mIU/L, 32 with TSH > 10 mIU/L), 93% having Vitamin D insufficiency, were analyzed. TPO-Ab titers were highest among patients in the lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile (P = 0.084). At 3 months follow-up, there was significant fall in TPO-Ab in Group-1 (−46.73%) as compared to Group-2 (−16.6%) (P = 0.028). Sixty-eight percentage patients in Group-1 were responders compared to 44% in Group-2 (P = 0.015). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher response rate in Group-1 (P = 0.012). Significantly greater reduction in TPO-Ab titers was observed in AITD with TSH ≤ 10 mIU/L compared to TSH > 10 mIU/L. Cox regression revealed Group-1 followed by TPO-Ab and free tetraiodothyronine levels to be a good predictor of response to therapy (P = 0.042, 0.069, and 0.074, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation in AITD may have a beneficial effect on autoimmunity as evidence by significant reductions in TPO-Ab titers.
Variability of Estimated Variance Components and Related Statistics in a Performance Assessment

Generalizability theory provides a conceptual and statistical framework for estimating variance components and measurement precision. The theory has been widely used in evaluating technical qualities of performance assessments. However, estimates of variance components, measurement error variances, and generalizability coefficients are likely to vary from one sample to another. This study empirically investigates sampling variability of estimated variance components using data collected in several years for a listening and writing performance assessment. This study also evaluates stability of estimated measurement precision from year to year. The results indicated that the estimated variance components varied from one study to another, especially when sample sizes were small. The estimated measurement error variances and generalizability coefficients also changed from one year to another. Measurement precision projected by a generalizability study may not be fully realized in an actual decision study. The study points out the importance of examining variability of estimated variance components and related statistics in performance assessments.