Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue Kallikrein Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating the B2R-ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) substantially increases the risk of ischemic stroke and reduces the tolerance to ischemic insults. Tissue kallikrein (TK) has been demonstrated to protect neurons from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in orthoglycemic model by activating the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). Considering the differential effects of B2R or bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) on cardioprotection and neuroprotection in I/R with or without diabetes, this study was designed to investigate the role of TK during cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intravenous injection of TK inhibited apoptosis in neurons, alleviated edema and inflammatory reactions after focal cerebral I/R, significantly reduced the infarct volume, and improved functional recovery. These beneficial effects were accompanied by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and Bcl-2 signal proteins. Inhibition of the B2R or ERK1/2 pathway abated the effects of TK, whereas an antagonist of B1R enhanced the effects. These findings reveal that the neuroprotective effect of TK against cerebral I/R injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats mainly involves the enhancement of B2R and ERK1/2-CREB-Bcl-2 signaling pathway activity.
The quality of interactions schedule (QUIS): Development, reliability and use in the evaluation of two domus units

The Quality of Interactions Schedule (QUIS) was developed as part of the prospective evaluation of two residential domus units for elderly people with severe mental illnesses. QUIS is an observational strategy in which social interactions between residents and care staff are coded as positive social, positive care, neutral, negative protective or negative restrictive. The interrater reliabilities of both the observational technique and the category codings were good. In the domus evaluation, QUIS demonstrated that the number and quality of interactions were significantly improved in both domuses compared to a baseline hospital ward at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months follow‐up. In particular, the number of negative interactions observed fell to almost zero in the domuses at 12 months.
Growth and Survival of International Joint Ventures: An External-Internal Legitimacy Perspective

The authors examine the growth and survival of international joint ventures (IJVs) from a legitimacy perspective. In a sample of 291 Sino-Japanese joint ventures in China, they found that Chinese parent age, Chinese parent size, and IJV industry relatedness to either parent had a positive effect on IJV growth and/or survival. However, IJV industry relatedness to both parents led to lower rates of IJV growth and survival. The findings highlight the importance for IJVs to obtain both external and internal legitimacy, as well as the difficulties IJVs face in acquiring internal legitimacy from both parents simultaneously.
Sales Force Automation: Review, Critique, Research Agenda

We review and critique the research literature on sales force automation (SFA). SFA involves the application of information technology to support the sales function. SFA software provides functionality that helps companies manage sales pipelines, track contacts and configure products, inter alia. The paper is organized into four main sections. First, we review the SFA environment, identifying definitions, vendor classifications and software attributes. We then move to a review and classification of the academic research that has been published on SFA. We find that the entire body of SFA knowledge attempts to answer just four questions: Why do organizations adopt SFA? What are the organizational impacts of SFA? What accounts for the success or failure of SFA projects? What accounts for variance in salesperson adoption of SFA? We then critique this body of knowledge on a number of theoretical and methodological grounds, and finally propose a research agenda for the future.
From the guest editors: how do experts learn?

In this themed issue of the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, we bring together an eclectic mix of papers focusing on how expert performers learn the skills needed to compete at the highest level in sport. In the preface, we highlight the value of adopting the expert performance approach as a systematic framework for the evaluation and development of expertise and expert performance in sport. We then place each of the empirical papers published in this issue into context and briefly outline their unique contributions to knowledge in this area. Finally, we highlight several potential avenues for future research in the hope of encouraging others to scientifically study how experts acquire the mechanisms mediating superior performance in sport and how coaches can draw on this knowledge to guide their athletes toward the most effective training activities.
Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Interorganizational Relationships

This article investigates how the language barrier influences technical communication, behavior in the workplace, and communication among international collaborators by studying a case of international collaboration between R&D laboratories—one European based and the other a major Korean company. This study finds that the language barrier is a critical handicap not only to non–English-speaking partners but also to English speakers in scientific collaboration. The language barrier hinders organizational integrity by fostering polarized attitudes toward collaboration. This study reveals a “shadow structure” in the Korean company that contributes to structural deformation due to the language barrier and that Korean engineers often suffer from identity conflicts derived from tension between their professional identity as members of the international scientific community and their lack of proficiency in English.
Examination of the Psychometric Properties of a Brief PTSD Measure on a French–Canadian Undergraduate Population

This study examines the psychometric properties of the French-Canadian Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (MPSS-FC) in a sample of French-Canadian undergraduates. Findings uncovered a 3-dimensional model for the Frequency and Severity scales, which shared factorial invariance. In addition, the MPSS-FC scales had adequate internal consistency and a satisfactory 5-week test-retest reliability. In view of its satisfactory psychometric properties, the MPSS-FC seems promising as a brief screening measure of PTSD. Indeed, the MPSS-FC as a stand-alone measure could be used with a population known to have been exposed to a traumatic event.
Towards Seamless and Ubiquitous Availability of Dynamic Information in IDEs

Software developers faced with unfamiliar objectoriented code need to build a mental model of the system to understand its dynamic flow. Development environments typically provide static views of the source code (e.g., classes and methods), but do not explicitly represent dynamic collaborations. The task of revealing how static source artifacts interact at runtime is thus challenging.To address this we have developed several techniques to represent dynamic behavior at various levels of granularity directly in the IDE. In this paper we outline these various techniques towards a seamless integration of dynamic information in the IDE. We elaborate on user feedback we have gathered and on our empirical experiments to validate our work. We derive several ideas and visions of further potential representations of dynamic behavior from this analysis of our approach. The missing representations we identify serve to enrich our proposed IDE, so as to provide the developer from within the IDE with a readily available and complete picture of a software’s dynamics.
‘Surplus suffering’: differences between organizational understandings of Asperger’s syndrome and those people who claim the ‘disorder’

This paper presents the results of a content, frame and discourse analysis of Internet sites concerned with Asperger’s syndrome (AS). It investigated blogs written by people who have been diagnosed with AS, as well as organizations devoted to the support of people with AS and their families. The findings document the different and even oppositional perspectives of the organizations and the individual bloggers. The organizations’ website descriptions of AS were based on the premise that AS is a medical disorder and a deficit. The individual bloggers, in contrast, called themselves Aspies and indicated that they were happy with themselves but angry and disappointed with those who tried to change them. Theoretical, methodological, substantive and practical implications of these findings are discussed. The concept of ‘surplus suffering’ is suggested as useful.
Studies of insect peptides alloferon, Any‐GS and their analogues. Synthesis and antiherpes activity

The subject of these studies was synthesis and determination of biological properties of a series of insect peptides, such as alloferon, Any‐GS and their analogues. The synthesis of 14 peptides was performed by the solid‐phase method. Biological effect of these peptides was evaluated by the antiviral test against Human Herpes Virus type 1 (HHV‐1) in vitro using a Vero cell line. It was found that the investigated peptides inhibit the replication of HHV‐1 in Vero cells. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid Phase Coexistence Favors Membrane Insertion of Equinatoxin-II, a Pore-forming Toxin from Actinia equina*

Equinatoxin-II is a eukaryotic pore-forming toxin belonging to the family of actinoporins. Its interaction with model membranes is largely modulated by the presence of sphingomyelin. We have used large unilamellar vesicles and lipid monolayers to gain further information about this interaction. The coexistence of gel and liquid-crystal lipid phases in sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine mixtures and the coexistence of liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered lipid phases in phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol or sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixtures favor membrane insertion of equinatoxin-II. Phosphatidylcholine vesicles are not permeabilized by equinatoxin-II. However, the localized accumulation of phospholipase C-generated diacylglycerol creates conditions for toxin activity. By using epifluorescence microscopy of transferred monolayers, it seems that lipid packing defects arising at the interfaces between coexisting lipid phases may function as preferential binding sites for the toxin. The possible implications of such a mechanism in the assembly of a toroidal pore are discussed.
Prevalence and Severity of Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Atopic Eczema in 6- to 7-Year-Old Nigerian Primary School Children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in Nigerian children aged 6–7 years. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of selected children in primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted using phase I of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) format. Standardized questionnaires were distributed to parents and guardians of 2,325 children aged 6–7 years in 31 primary schools randomly selected among 272 in Ibadan. Results: Data was collected from 1,704 children (797 boys and 907 girls; M:F ratio 1:1.14), giving a participation rate of 73.3%. Both recent rhinoconjunctivitis and wheeze were reported by 5.1%, and itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months was reported by 8.5%. The cumulative prevalences of reported symptoms of wheezing, rhinitis and eczema were 7.2, 11.3 and 10.1%, respectively. These symptoms were basically the same among the boys and girls (rhinitis 11.4 vs. 11.2%; eczema 10.7 vs. 9.5%), except for wheezing, which was higher in boys (9.0%) than girls (5.6%), p = 0.015. Current symptoms of rhinitis and atopic eczema were associated with current wheeze and severe wheezing, whereas current symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were only associated with severe wheezing attacks. One or more current symptoms occurred in 13.2% of the children, and all three symptoms were reported by 0.5%. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of atopic conditions among children 6–7 years old in Ibadan, Nigeria, with more than three fifths of the children who had current wheezing also showing symptoms of other atopic diseases. Children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were more likely to have severe wheezing attacks if they had developed atopic eczema before 2 years of age.
Is Traditional Conceptual Modeling Going to Become Obsolete ?

Traditionally, the research and practice of conceptual modeling assumed relevant information about a domain is determined in advance to be used as input to design. The increasing ubiquity of systems – characterized by heterogeneous and transient users, customizable features, and open or extensible data standards – challenges a number of long-held propositions about conceptual modeling. We raise the question whether conceptual modeling as commonly understood is an impediment to systems development and should be phased out. We discuss the motivation for rethinking approaches to conceptual modeling, consider traditional approaches to conceptual modeling and provide empirical evidence of the limitations of traditional conceptual modeling. We then propose three directions for future conceptual modeling research.
All and Only

This paper is a note on a very simple and elementary fact having to do with reasoning about relations. The kinds of reasoning that we have in mind come from two different areas: extended syllogistic logics and description logics. In extended syllogistic logic, one wants to reason about terms formed from binary relations and terms. We illustrate with some examples from the recent paper van Rooij [11]. He symbolizes “Some man loves every woman” (with the wide-scope reading: some man is such that he loves every woman) as Mi(WaL). In this example, M and W are the terms for “man” and “woman”, and L is the binary relation “loves. ” The i and a are from traditional logic: i for “some” and a for “all. ” So the term WaL is intended to denote the set of things who love all women. And then our sentence Mi(WaL) would be true if some man belongs to the denotation of WaL. For us, the crucial point is that WaL has the semantics that we said it has. This kind of semantics is the source of later work, including presentations of logical calculi for the relational syllogistic in works such as [10]. We contrast this with the situation in description logics (e.g., [1]). In that field, we have atomic concepts such as W for woman, and binary roles such as L for loves. And then ∀R.W would denote the set of objects with the property that everything which they love is a woman. To compare and contrast, and to anticipate notation which we shall use later in the paper, WaL is love all women, and ∀R.W is love only women.
Drug Use and Meanings of Risk and Pleasure

The purpose of this paper is to explore meanings of risk and pleasure around drugs among adolescents and young adults, and provide data that represent the users’ perspectives. Using in-depth qualitative data from a sample of 300 young dance event attendees in the San Francisco Bay Area, we will analyze their perceptions of ecstasy and other illicit drugs, which are sometimes used at raves, clubs and other dance events. Using contemporary socio-cultural theories of risk, we will explore how young adults socially ‘construct’ notions of risk and risk-taking, how they engage in a process of negotiating the risks versus the pleasures of specific drugs, and the extent to which young people's notions of risk, danger and pleasure around drugs are influenced by the social setting and social groupings.
Repercussões do câncer de mama na imagem corporal da mulher: uma revisão sistemática

Alem de apresentar implicacoes inerentes a qualquer adoecimento, o câncer de mama feminino e tambem um dos cânceres mais temidos, por afetar nao apenas o corpo anatomico, mas principalmente alguns aspectos psicossociais da paciente. Dentre estes, destaca-se sua imagem corporal. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisao sistematica de artigos que abordaram a imagem corporal no câncer de mama, com descricao do conteudo da producao encontrada. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisao dos artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2010 em revistas cientificas indexadas, por meio de busca nas bases de dados bibliograficos SciELO, PubMed, PePSIC e PsycINFO. Concluiu-se que o adoecimento por câncer da mama acaba por adoecer tambem a imagem corporal da mulher assistida, e que seu impacto varia conforme o tipo de procedimento cirurgico escolhido, os tratamentos complementares adotados, a rede de apoio que cerca a paciente e suas caracteristicas individuais. A alteracao na imagem corporal tem multiplas implicacoes na vida sexual e conjugal da mulher, afetando as relacoes com seu circulo social e consigo mesma, influenciando sua autoestima e seu sentimento de feminilidade e podendo levar a sintomas de ansiedade e depressao. Embora avancos tenham sido verificados no estudo da relacao entre imagem corporal e câncer de mama, esta pesquisa aponta para a existencia de um campo fertil de investigacao sobre o tema, ainda pouco explorado.
American Muslim Physicians’ Public Role Post-9/11 and Minority Community Empowerment: Serving the Underserved

This study assesses American Muslim physicians’ public role and levels of civic, community, and political involvement; examines the relationship between religiosity and civic/community involvement; and identifies community empowerment and social change. The results show that civic/community action is associated primarily with one's level of religiosity, t = 2.74 (df = 301.3), p < . 03; age 2.69 (df = 317.7), p = . 007; country of origin, t = 11.5 (df = 2), p = . 006; and gender, t = 4.52 (df = 1), p = . 03. Participants’ charitable giving, willingness to treat uninsured patients without charge, and provision of financial and medical support suggest that their public role could have health policy and community empowerment implications for civic engagement and positive social change in their community vis-à-vis underserved Americans.
European agencies as agents of governance and EU learning

This article asks how the EU as a regional organization manages to learn and adapt to policy challenges. It investigates the evolution of one regional level and one national environmental agency (the European Environment Agency and the Environment Agency of England and Wales) which have distinct roles in influencing EU environmental policy performance. The article examines the role of agencies and bureaucracies more generally, investigating some of the assumptions made in the bureaucracy literature, particularly concerning principal–agent models. The focus on agencies helps to illuminate two potential dimensions of the EU process: overcoming the original institutional design and the role of organizational and policy learning.
A comparison of working memory skills and learning in children with developmental coordination disorder and moderate learning difficulties

The present study compared 6–11 years old with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and those with moderate learning difficulties (MLD) on measures of memory (verbal short-term and working memory, visuo-spatial short-term and working memory), literacy and numeracy, and IQ. The findings indicate that children with DCD appear to be impaired in all four areas of memory function; in particular they performed at significantly lower levels than children with MLD in measures of verbal short-term memory, visuo-spatial short-term and working memory. In contrast, performance of children with MLD in the memory measures was within age-expected levels, with deficits observed only in verbal working memory tasks. There were also differential links between memory and attainment between the two groups, and these were significant even after statistically accounting for the contribution of IQ. Reasons for why working memory contributes to learning in these two developmental groups are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Motor and Cognitive Neurobehavioral Relationships in the Basal Ganglia

The traditional view that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are simply involved in the control of movement has been challenged in recent years. One of the pivotal reasons for this reappraisal has been new information about basal ganglia and cerebellar connections with the cerebral cortex. In essence, recent anatomical studies have revealed that these connections are organized into discrete circuits or ‘loops’. Rather than serving as a means for widespread cortical areas to gain access to the motor system, these loops reciprocally interconnect a large and diverse set of cerebral cortical areas with the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The properties of neurons within the basal ganglia or cerebellar components of these circuits resemble the properties of neurons within the cortical areas subserved by these loops. For example, neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with motor areas of the cerebral cortex is highly correlated with parameters of movement, while neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with areas of the prefrontal cortex is more related to aspects of cognitive function. Thus, individual loops appear to be involved in distinct behavioral functions. Studies of basal ganglia and cerebellar pathology support this conclusion. Damage to the basal ganglia or cerebellar components of circuits with motor areas of cortex leads to motor symptoms, whereas damage of the subcortical components of circuits with non-motor areas of cortex causes higher-order deficits. In this report, we review some of the new anatomical, physiological and behavioral findings that have contributed to a reappraisal of function concerning the basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with the cerebral cortex.
Molecular Cloning of a New Member of the p21-Cdc42/Rac-activated Kinase (PAK) Family (*)

A number of “target” proteins for the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins have now been identified, including the protein kinases ACK and p65 (Manser, E., Leung, T., Salihuddin, H., Zhao, Z.-S., and Lim, L.(1994) Nature 367, 40-46). The purified serine/threonine kinase p65 has been shown to be directly activated by GTP-Rac1 or GTP-Cdc42. Here we report the cDNA sequence encoding a new brain-enriched PAK isoform β-PAK, which shares 79% amino acid identity with the previously described α-isoform. Their mRNAs are differentially expressed in the brain, with α-PAK mRNA being particularly abundant in motor-associated regions. In vitro translation products of the α- and β-PAK cDNAs exhibited relative molecular masses of 68,000 and 65,000, respectively, by SDS-polyacrylamide analysis. A specific β-PAK peptide sequence was obtained from rat brain-purified p65. Recombinant α- and β-PAKs exhibited an increase in kinase activity mediated by GTP-p21 induced autophosphorylation. Cdc42 was a more potent activator in vitro of α-PAK kinase, and the fully activated enzyme is 300 times more active than the unphosphorylated form. Interestingly the down-regulation in the binding of p21s to recombinant β-PAK and brain p65, which is observed upon kinase activation does not occur with recombinant α-PAK.