Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spite and Counter-Spite in Auctions

The paper presents a complete information model of bidding in second price sealed bid and ascending price (English) auctions, in which potential buyers know the unit valuation of other bidders and may spitefully prefer that their rivals earn a lower surplus. Bidders with spiteful preferences should overbid in equilibrium when they know their rival has a higher value than their own, and bidders with a higher value underbid to “counter” spite the overbidding of the lower value bidders. The model also predicts different bidding behavior in second price as compared to ascending price auctions. The paper also presents experimental evidence broadly consistent with the model. In the complete information environment, lower value bidders overbid more than higher value bidders, and they overbid more frequently in the second price auction than in the ascending price auction. Overall, the lower value bidder submits bids that exceed value about half the time. These patterns are not found in the incomplete information environment, consistent with the model. JEL Classifications: C72, D44
Long-term graft patency (3 years) after coronary artery surgery. Effects of aspirin: results of a VA Cooperative study.

BACKGROUND The long-term success of coronary bypass surgery is dependent on graft patency after surgery. This trial was designed to determine if aspirin improved saphenous vein graft or internal mammary artery (IMA) graft patency between 1 and 3 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS AND RESULTS After receiving aspirin 325 mg/d for 1 year after CABG and undergoing a 1-year postoperative cardiac catheterization, patients were randomized to receive either aspirin (325 mg) or placebo for 2 additional years. Angiography was performed 3 years after surgery to determine the primary end point-saphenous vein graft patency in 288 patients and IMA graft patency in 167 patients. At 3 years after CABG, the saphenous vein graft occlusion rate was 17.0% (62 of 365) for patients treated with aspirin compared with 19.7% (74 of 376) for those who received placebo (P = .404). For saphenous vein grafts that were patent at 1 year, the occlusion rate at 3 years was 4.8% (15 of 313) for patients treated with aspirin compared with 4.2% (13 of 310) for patients who received placebo (P = .757). At 3 years, the IMA graft occlusion rate was 10.3% (8 of 78) for patients treated with aspirin compared with 7.9% (7 of 89) for patients who received placebo (P = .594). For IMA grafts that were patent at 1 year, the occlusion rate was 4.3% (3 of 70) for patients treated with aspirin compared with 2.5% (2 of 81) for patients who received placebo (P = .541). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that aspirin treatment does not improve saphenous vein graft or IMA graft patency between 1 and 3 years after CABG.
The stability of a rising droplet: an inertialess non-modal growth mechanism

Prior modal stability analysis (Kojima et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 27, 1984, pp. 19–32) predicted that a rising or sedimenting droplet in a viscous fluid is stable in the presence of surface tension no matter how small, in contrast to experimental and numerical results. By performing a non-modal stability analysis, we demonstrate the potential for transient growth of the interfacial energy of a rising droplet in the limit of inertialess Stokes equations. The predicted critical capillary numbers for transient growth agree well with those for unstable shape evolution of droplets found in the direct numerical simulations of Koh & Leal (Phys. Fluids, vol. 1, 1989, pp. 1309–1313). Boundary integral simulations are used to delineate the critical amplitude of the most destabilizing perturbations. The critical amplitude is negatively correlated with the linear optimal energy growth, implying that the transient growth is responsible for reducing the necessary perturbation amplitude required to escape the basin of attraction of the spherical solution.
Personal Authentication Using New Feature Vector of Brain Wave

Conventional person authentication methods using the brain wave: electroencephalogram (EEG) have a problem that they require heavy computational road. In this paper, we propose a new feature vector with light computational load, which consists of maximum spectral powers, their frequency values, and accumulated spectral powers which are greater than a threshold. The verification performance is examined in authentication experiments using 23 subjects and as a result the verification performance of 72% is obtained.
Population Distribution Analyses Reveal a Hierarchy of Molecular Players Underlying Parallel Endocytic Pathways

Single-cell-resolved measurements reveal heterogeneous distributions of clathrin-dependent (CD) and -independent (CLIC/GEEC: CG) endocytic activity in Drosophila cell populations. dsRNA-mediated knockdown of core versus peripheral endocytic machinery induces strong changes in the mean, or subtle changes in the shapes of these distributions, respectively. By quantifying these subtle shape changes for 27 single-cell features which report on endocytic activity and cell morphology, we organize 1072 Drosophila genes into a tree-like hierarchy. We find that tree nodes contain gene sets enriched in functional classes and protein complexes, providing a portrait of core and peripheral control of CD and CG endocytosis. For 470 genes we obtain additional features from separate assays and classify them into early- or late-acting genes of the endocytic pathways. Detailed analyses of specific genes at intermediate levels of the tree suggest that Vacuolar ATPase and lysosomal genes involved in vacuolar biogenesis play an evolutionarily conserved role in CG endocytosis.
Cyber Foraging and Offloading Framework for Internet of Things

Computation offloading or cyber foraging is a key capability required to achieve effective resource utilization in mobile cloud computing. It enables the dynamic offloading of computations to either neighboring mobile nodes or remote cloud based servers, retrieve results from the offloaded computations, and thereafter continue execution of the mobile business logic. A number of computational mobility solutions have emerged recently for mobile cloud computing involving smartphones and tablets. However, these solutions incur limitations in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) due to the significant heterogeneity illustrated by the range of objects involved in IoT and the fact that existing solutions tend to be tightly coupled to their underlying frameworks, which makes it hard to seamlessly adapt these solutions to the IoT scenarios. To address these concerns, this paper makes three contributions. First, it presents a novel modular and highly configurable framework for providing seamless computational mobility in the IoT realm. Second, it provides implementation details for key capabilities of this framework. Third, it provides qualitative evaluation of the framework's capabilities.
A decision model for evaluating third-party logistics providers using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

As a consequence of an increasing trend toward the outsourcing of logistics activities, shippers have been faced with the inevitability of selecting an appropriate third-party logistics (3PL) provider. The selection process for the identification of a 3PL provider that best fits user requirements involves multiple criteria and alternatives and may be one of the most complex decisions facing logistics users. In this regard, this study proposes an evaluation framework and methodology for selecting a suitable 3PL provider and illustrates the process of evaluation and selection through a case study. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a practical reference for logistics managers who want to engage the best 3PL provider. Future research using different datasets is warranted to verify the generalizability of the findings. Key words: third-party logistics, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, multi-criteria decision making, sensitivity analysis.
Effect of inbreeding on type 2 diabetes-related metabolites in a Dutch genetic isolate

Autozygosity, meaning inheritance of an ancestral allele in the homozygous state is known to lead bi-allelic mutations that manifest their effects through the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Autosomal recessive mutations are known to be the underlying cause of several Mendelian metabolic diseases, especially among the offspring of related individuals. In line with this, inbreeding coefficient of an individual as a measure of cryptic autozygosity among the general population is known to lead adverse metabolic outcomes including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease for which the recessive genetic causes remain unknown. In order to unravel such effects for multiple metabolic facades of the disease, we investigated the relationship between the excess of homozygosity and the metabolic signature of T2DM. We included a set of heritable 143 circulating markers associated with fasting glucose in a Dutch genetic isolate Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) of up to 2,580 individuals. We calculated individual whole genome-based, exome-based and pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients and tested their influence on the T2DM-related metabolites as well as T2DM risk factors. We also performed model supervised genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) for the metabolites which significantly correlate with inbreeding values. Inbreeding value of the population significantly and positively correlated with associated with risk factors of T2DM: body-mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin resistance, fasting insulin and waist-hip ratio. We found that inbreeding influenced 32.9% of the T2DM-related metabolites, clustering among chemical groups of lipoproteins, amino-acids and phosphatidylcholines, whereas 80 % of these significant associations were independent of the BMI. The most remarkable effect of inbreeding is observed for S-HDL-ApoA1, for which we show evidence of the novel DISP1 genetic region discovered by model supervised GWAS, in the ERF population. In conclusion, we show that inbreeding effects human metabolism and genetic models other than the globally used additive model is worth considering for study of metabolic phenotypes.
Competition and contestability in Central and Eastern European banking markets

Purpose - This study sets out to examine the evolution of competitive conditions in the banking industries of 14 Central and Eastern European (CEE) transition economies for the period 1993-2000. Design/methodology/approach - The basis for the evaluation of competitive conditions is the extant oligopoly theory in the new industrial organization literature, specifically, the competition model developed by Panzar and Rosse. Findings - The results of the competition analysis suggest that the banking markets of CEE countries cannot be characterized by the bipolar cases of either perfect competition or monopoly over 1993-2000 except for FYR of Macedonia and Slovakia. That is, banks earned their revenues as if operating under conditions of monopolistic competition in that period. An analysis of changes in competitive structure shows a higher degree of competition in the later years of the sample period. Large banks in transition countries are found to be operating in a relatively more competitive environment compared with small banks or, in other words, competition is lower in local markets compared with national and international markets. Research limitations/implications - The period under investigation corresponds to early years of the ongoing transition from central planning when these countries were lacking many market-supportive institutions essential for efficient financial markets. Therefore, the results of this study should be interpreted with the necessary scholarly scrutiny. Practical implications - The paper measures the level of market contestability that may have been facilitated by the recent liberalization and deregulation progress. Originality/value - The paper is highly original. Although research on the bank competition in the USA and other developed countries is voluminous, research that focuses on transition economies is relatively scant.
Responses to others’ pain in adults with autistic traits: The influence of gender and stimuli modality

Individuals with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments in response to others’ pain. Evidence suggests that features of autism are not restricted to individuals with ASD, and that autistic traits vary throughout the general population. To investigate the association between autistic traits and the responses to others’ pain in typically developing adults, we employed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to quantify autistic traits in a group of 1670 healthy adults and explored whether 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) with 10% highest AQ scores (High-AQ) would exhibit difficulties in the responses to others’ pain relative to 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) with 10% lowest AQ scores (Low-AQ). This study included a Visual Task and an Auditory Task to test behavioral differences between High-AQ and Low-AQ groups’ responses to others’ pain in both modalities. For the Visual Task, participants were instructed to respond to pictures depicting others’ pain. They were instructed to judge the stimuli type (painful or not), judge others’ pain intensity, and indicate the unpleasantness they personally felt. For the Auditory Task, experimental procedures were identical to the Visual Task except that painful voices were added. Results showed the High-AQ group was less accurate than the Low-AQ group in judging others’ pain. Moreover, relative to Low-AQ males, High-AQ males had significantly longer reaction times in judging others’ pain in the Auditory Task. However, High-AQ and Low-AQ females showed similar reaction times in both tasks. These findings demonstrated identification of others’ pain by healthy adults is related to the extent of autistic traits, gender, and modality.
Enzymatically Active and Inactive Phosphodiesterases and Diguanylate Cyclases Are Involved in Regulation of Motility or Sessility in Escherichia coli CFT073

ABSTRACT Intracellular concentration of cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a second messenger molecule, is regulated in bacteria by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) (synthesizing c-di-GMP) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) (degrading c-di-GMP). c-di-GMP concentration ([c-di-GMP]) affects motility and sessility in a reciprocal fashion; high [c-di-GMP] typically inhibits motility and promotes sessility. A c-di-GMP sensor domain, PilZ, also regulates motility and sessility. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli regulates these processes during infection; motility is necessary for ascending the urinary tract, while sessility is essential for colonization of anatomical sites. Here, we constructed and screened 32 mutants containing deletions of genes encoding each PDE (n = 11), DGC (n = 13), PilZ (n = 2), and both PDE and DGC (n = 6) domains for defects in motility, biofilm formation, and adherence for the prototypical pyelonephritis isolate E. coli CFT073. Three of 32 mutations affected motility, all of which were in genes encoding enzymatically inactive PDEs. Four PDEs, eight DGCs, four PDE/DGCs, and one PilZ regulated biofilm formation in a medium-specific manner. Adherence to bladder epithelial cells was regulated by [c-di-GMP]. Four PDEs, one DGC, and three PDE/DGCs repress adherence and four DGCs and one PDE/DGC stimulate adherence. Thus, specific effectors of [c-di-GMP] and catalytically inactive DGCs and PDEs regulate adherence and motility in uropathogenic E. coli. IMPORTANCE Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) contains several genes annotated as encoding enzymes that increase or decrease the abundance of the second messenger molecule, c-di-GMP. While this class of enzymes has been studied in an E. coli K-12 lab strain, these proteins have not been comprehensively examined in UPEC. UPEC utilizes both swimming motility and adherence to colonize and ascend the urinary tract; both of these processes are hypothesized to be regulated by the concentration of c-di-GMP. Here, for the first time, in a uropathogenic strain, E. coli CFT073, we have characterized mutants lacking each protein and demonstrated that the uropathogen has diverged from E. coli K-12 to utilize these enzymes to regulate adherence and motility by distinct mechanisms. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) contains several genes annotated as encoding enzymes that increase or decrease the abundance of the second messenger molecule, c-di-GMP. While this class of enzymes has been studied in an E. coli K-12 lab strain, these proteins have not been comprehensively examined in UPEC. UPEC utilizes both swimming motility and adherence to colonize and ascend the urinary tract; both of these processes are hypothesized to be regulated by the concentration of c-di-GMP. Here, for the first time, in a uropathogenic strain, E. coli CFT073, we have characterized mutants lacking each protein and demonstrated that the uropathogen has diverged from E. coli K-12 to utilize these enzymes to regulate adherence and motility by distinct mechanisms.
Long-Term Complications and Mortality in Young-Onset Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term clinical outcomes and survival in young-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a similar age of onset. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Records from the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Diabetes Clinical Database, established in 1986, were matched with the Australian National Death Index to establish mortality outcomes for all subjects until June 2011. Clinical and mortality outcomes in 354 patients with T2DM, age of onset between 15 and 30 years (T2DM15–30), were compared with T1DM in several ways but primarily with 470 patients with T1DM with a similar age of onset (T1DM15–30) to minimize the confounding effect of age on outcome. RESULTS For a median observation period of 21.4 (interquartile range 14–30.7) and 23.4 (15.7–32.4) years for the T2DM and T1DM cohorts, respectively, 71 of 824 patients (8.6%) died. A significant mortality excess was noted in T2DM15–30 (11 vs. 6.8%, P = 0.03), with an increased hazard for death (hazard ratio 2.0 [95% CI 1.2–3.2], P = 0.003). Death for T2DM15–30 occurred after a significantly shorter disease duration (26.9 [18.1–36.0] vs. 36.5 [24.4–45.4] years, P = 0.01) and at a relatively young age. There were more cardiovascular deaths in T2DM15–30 (50 vs. 30%, P < 0.05). Despite equivalent glycemic control and shorter disease duration, the prevalence of albuminuria and less favorable cardiovascular risk factors were greater in the T2DM15–30 cohort, even soon after diabetes onset. Neuropathy scores and macrovascular complications were also increased in T2DM15–30 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Young-onset T2DM is the more lethal phenotype of diabetes and is associated with a greater mortality, more diabetes complications, and unfavorable cardiovascular disease risk factors when compared with T1DM.
A critical overview of neural network pattern classifiers

A taxonomy of neural network pattern classifiers is presented which includes four major groupings. Global discriminant classifiers use sigmoid or polynomial computing elements that have 'high' nonzero outputs over most of their input space. Local discriminant classifiers use Gaussian or other localized computing elements that have 'high' nonzero outputs over only a small localized region of their input space. Nearest neighbor classifiers compute the distance to stored exemplar patterns and rule forming classifiers use binary threshold-logic computing elements to produce binary outputs. Results of experiments are presented which demonstrate that neural network classifiers provide error rates which are equivalent to and sometimes lower than those of more conventional Gaussian. Gaussian mixture, and binary three classifiers using the same amount of training data. <<ETX>>
Boundary states as exact solutions of (vacuum) closed string field theory

We show that the boundary states are idempotent B*B=B with respect to the star product of HIKKO type closed string field theory. Variations around the boundary state correctly reproduce the open string spectrum with the gauge symmetry. We explicitly demonstrate it for the tachyonic and massless vector modes. The idempotency relation may be regarded as the equation of motion of closed string field theory at a possible vacuum.
Applications of Resource Allocation Network and Optimization Algorithms to Automatic Landing Control

This paper presents four optimization algorithms: Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) and Bacterial Swarm Optimization (BSO), and a neural network compensator: Resource Allocation Network (RAN) to aircraft automatic landing control design. When wind disturbance is beyond the originally scheduled flight condition, the aircraft automatic landing system can not b e used in such environment during serious wind speed changes. The proposed intelligent control scheme can enhance the PID control performance of the autopilot and guide the aircraft to a safe landing in difficult environment.
The development of a culturally tailored and contextually sensitive behavior change intervention for heterosexual Xhosa-speaking women in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

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Differentially Private Model Selection via Stability Arguments and the Robustness of the Lasso

We design differentially private algorithms for statistical model selection. Given a data set and a large, discrete collection of “models”, each of which is a family of probability distributions, the goal is to determine the model that best “fits” the data. This is a basic problem in many areas of statistics and machine learning. We consider settings in which there is a well-defined answer, in the following sense: Suppose that there is a nonprivate model selection procedure f which is the reference to which we compare our performance. Our differentially private algorithms output the correct value f(D) whenever f is stable on the input data set D. We work with two notions, perturbation stability and subsampling stability. We give two classes of results: generic ones, that apply to any function with discrete output set; and specific algorithms for the problem of sparse linear regression. The algorithms we describe are efficient and in some cases match the optimal nonprivate asymptotic sample complexity. Our algorithms for sparse linear regression require analyzing the stability properties of the popular LASSO estimator. We give sufficient conditions for the LASSO estimator to be robust to small changes in the data set, and show that these conditions hold with high probability under essentially the same stochastic assumptions that are used in the literature to analyze convergence of the LASSO.
Experimental Analysis on Spatial Dynamics in Wide-Aperture 2-D HF Radars

Digital data collected from each element of a L-shaped wide-aperture HF radar aperture can be examined offline with various beamforming and direction finding algorithms to assess statistical characteristics of received signals. This paper examines data on radio sources propagating to the HF radar via refraction off the ionosphere. The variations of the spatial properties of radio sources are examined over several time intervals to establish the spatial dynamics of the radio sources due to their propagation path. Impact of those variations on spatial filtering and potential 2-D array architectures is discussed.