Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forty years of the Law 180: the aspirations of a great reform, its successes and continuing need

Aim. Italy pioneered deinstitutionalisation over the past 60 years and enforced a famous mental health (MH) reform law in 1978. Deinstitutionalisation has been completed with the very closure of all psychiatric hospitals over two decades. Methods. After 40 years of implementation, this article presents the main achievements and challenges of the Italian MH reform law, including its long-term effect and impact in Italy and abroad. Results. The Legislation of 1978 was based on the discovery of rights as a key tool in mental healthcare. At the climax of crisis of psychiatric hospitals as total institutions in this country, through the new community-based system of care, it has fostered the lowest rate of involuntary care and gave back the full citizenship to people with MH disorders. This act was also part of a social movement for expanding civil and social rights, and a promise of a true paradigm shift not only in psychiatry, but also in the way of providing an adequate welfare community for all citizens. According to the WHO, the Italian city of Trieste, together with its region, is a practical example of how the Italian movement achieved deinstitutionalisation, intended as a complex process resulting in the gradual relocation of the economic and human resources and subsequent creation of 24 h services together with the development of social inclusion programmes. Conclusions. Even if the great principles of the Italian reform law were anticipatory (e.g., the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities – CRPD), the law application has been poorly provided with resources and did not follow those avant-garde experiences as models. Limitations are evident today especially at the organisational levels, such as services capable to take up the challenge and transforming the field, left free from the imprint of total institutions. These endemic critical aspects concerning to implementation policies, together with the financial crisis of the Italian healthcare system, must be taken into consideration for a re-launch of this historical law. The rights-based approach opened by the Law 180 should now take into consideration the new legal situation caused by the CRPD worldwide in the area of individuals’ human rights, especially about the issue of legal capacity and related involuntary care.
The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of Active Binary Coronae. III. Quiescent Coronal Properties for the BY Draconis-Type Binaries

We present X-ray observations of 35 active late-type BY Draconis dwarf binary systems and 28 evolved binary systems, similar in nature to the RS Canum Venaticorum systems, obtained with the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey phase of the mission. Of this sample, 52 targets were detected in exposures of roughly 600 s or less. When these new data are combined with the earlier results from Dempsey et al. (1993b), this survey represents the largest sample of active binary systems observed to date at any wavelength, including X-rays. We expand our investigation of how coronal properties (e.g., surface flux, luminosity, etc.) correlate with stellar parameters (e.g., rotation period, color, etc.) and confirm the conclusions of Dempsey et al. (1993b). Rotation period provides the best correlation with X-ray surface flux with FX ~P for the entire sample. We find no evidence for a “basal” or nonmagnetic X-ray flux component. We model the low-resolution pulse-height spectra for 12 systems with two-temperature thermal plasmas. The derived temperatures for the BY Dra systems are identical to those previously derived for active evolved giants and subgiants in close binaries (Dempsey et al. 1993c). We also show that the dependence of temperature and emission measures on rotation period is the same for the dwarf, subgiant, and giant binaries.
Combination of CRP and NLR: a better predictor of postoperative survival in patients with gastric cancer

Objectives C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictive factors for gastric cancer (GC). Our study was designed to prove the prognostic value of the combination of CRP and NLR (COC-NLR) in GC patients. Materials and methods A total of 1,058 GC patients who underwent D2 resection from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between 2003 and 2013 were included. They were divided into three groups (low: NLR ≤2.5, CRP ≤6.1; medium: NLR >2.5, CRP ≤4.5; high: NLR >2.5, CRP >4.5 or NLR ≤2.5, CRP >6.1) by the random forest method. Survival analysis stratified by COC-NLR groups was performed. Results The mean survival time for each group was: for the low group 75.44 months (95% CI: 72.48–78.40), the medium group 56.50 months (95% CI: 50.68–62.31), and the high group 38.65 months (95% CI: 34.51–42.97). The low group showed obviously better overall survival (OS) than other two groups (p<0.001). Survival analysis showed that COC-NLR had statistical significance in both univariate and multivariate analyses (p<0.01). Conclusion This study showed that COC-NLR could work as an independent prognostic factor in GC and provide more accurate prediction than single NLR or CRP.
Redshift Distribution of the Faint Submillimeter Galaxy Population

We present a Keck II Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer follow-up study of the possible optical counterparts to a flux-limited sample of galaxies selected from an 850 μm survey of massive lensing clusters using the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. These sources represent a population of luminous dusty galaxies responsible for the bulk of the 850 μm background detected by COBE and thus for a substantial fraction of the total far-infrared emission in the universe. We present reliable redshifts for 20 galaxies and redshift limits for a further four galaxies selected from the error boxes of 14 submillimeter sources. Two other submillimeter detections in the sample have no obvious optical counterparts, and the final submillimeter source was only identified from imaging data after the completion of our spectroscopic observations. The optical identifications for four of the submillimeter sources have been confirmed through either their detection in CO at millimeter wavelengths (two pairs of galaxies at z = 2.55 and z = 2.80) or from the characteristics of their spectral energy distributions (two of the central cD galaxies in the lensing clusters). Plausible arguments based on the optical spectral properties (starburst or active galactic nucleus [AGN] signatures) of the counterparts allow us to identify a further two likely counterparts at z = 1.06 and 1.16. For the remaining eight cases, it is not always clear which, if any, of the optical sources identified are the true counterparts. Possible counterparts for these have redshifts ranging from z = 0.18 to z = 2.11. The application of a range of techniques, including near- and mid-infrared imaging and radio mapping, will assist in the identification of the true sources of the submillimeter emission, while CO line mapping with current millimeter interferometers and hard X-ray observations should aid in the determination of the nature of their emission. Working with the current identifications, we suggest that the majority of the extragalactic background light in the submillimeter is emitted by sources at z < 3 and hence that the peak activity in highly obscured sources (both AGNs and starbursts) lies at relatively modest redshifts. We find that a lower limit of 20% of the submillimeter sources in our sample show some sign of AGN activity; however, we caution that this does not necessarily translate into a 20% AGN contribution to the measured submillimeter emission from these sources.
AEkNN: An AutoEncoder kNN-based classifier with built-in dimensionality reduction

High dimensionality, i.e. data having a large number of variables, tends to be a challenge for most machine learning tasks, including classification. A classifier usually builds a model representing how a set of inputs explain the outputs. The larger is the set of inputs and/or outputs, the more complex would be that model. There is a family of classification algorithms, known as lazy learning methods, which does not build a model. One of the best known members of this family is the kNN algorithm. Its strategy relies on searching a set of nearest neighbors, using the input variables as position vectors and computing distances among them. These distances loss significance in high-dimensional spaces. Therefore kNN, as many other classifiers, tends to worse its performance as the number of input variables grows. In this work AEkNN, a new kNN-based algorithm with built-in dimensionality reduction, is presented. Aiming to obtain a new representation of the data, having a lower dimensionality but with more informational features, AEkNN internally uses autoencoders. From this new feature vectors the computed distances should be more significant, thus providing a way to choose better neighbors. A experimental evaluation of the new proposal is conducted, analyzing several configurations and comparing them against the classical kNN algorithm. The obtained conclusions demonstrate that AEkNN offers better results in predictive and runtime performance.
Bus Passenger Origin-Destination Estimation and Related Analyses Using Automated Data Collection Systems

This research explores the application of archived data from Automated Data Collection Systems (ADCS) to transport planning with a focus on bus passenger travel behavior, including Origin-Destination (OD) inference, using London as a case study. It demonstrates the feasibility and ease of applying trip-chaining to infer bus passenger OD from smart card transactions and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data and is the first known attempt to validate the results by comparing them with manual passenger survey data. With the inferred OD matrices, the variations of weekday and weekend bus route OD patterns are examined for planning purposes. Moreover, based on the inferred OD matrices and the AVL data, alighting times for bus passengers also can be estimated. Bus journey stages, therefore, can easily be linked. By comparing the interchange time and the connecting bus route’s headway, it provides a way to evaluate bus connections.
Pathways: patient-centred decision counselling for women at risk of cancer-related infertility: a protocol for a comparative effectiveness cluster randomised trial

Introduction National guidelines recommend that all reproductive-age women with cancer be informed of their fertility risks and offered referral to fertility specialists to discuss fertility preservation options. However, reports indicate that only 5% of patients have consultations, and rates of long-term infertility-related distress remain high. Previous studies report several barriers to fertility preservation; however, initial success has been reported using provider education, patient decision aids and navigation support. This protocol will test effects of a multicomponent intervention compared with usual care on women’s fertility preservation knowledge and decision-making outcomes. Methods and analysis This cluster-randomised trial will compare the multicomponent intervention (provider education, patient decision aid and navigation support) with usual care (consultation and referral, if requested). One hundred newly diagnosed English-speaking women of reproductive age who are at risk of cancer-related infertility will be recruited from four regional oncology clinics. The Pathways patient decision aid website provides (1) up-to-date evidence and descriptions of fertility preservation and other family-building options, tailored to cancer type; (2) structured guidance to support personalising the information and informed decision-making; and (3) a printable summary to help women prepare for discussions with their oncologist and/or fertility specialist. Four sites will be randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Participants will be recruited after their oncology consultation and asked to complete online questionnaires at baseline, 1 week and 2 months to assess their demographics, fertility preservation knowledge, and decision-making process and quality. The primary outcome (decisional conflict) will be tested using Fisher’s exact test. Secondary outcomes will be assessed using generalised linear mixed models, and sensitivity analyses will be conducted, as appropriate. Ethics and dissemination The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center provided approval and ongoing review of this protocol. Results will be presented at relevant scientific meetings and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT03141437; Pre-results.
Improved cognitive performance in preadolescent Danish children after the school-based physical activity programme “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe – A cluster-randomised controlled trial

Abstract Objective: Recent studies have shown promising effects of physical activity on cognitive function, but there is a need to investigate this link in real-life settings such as schools. Hence, the objective of the present pilot study was to investigate whether the school-based physical activity programme “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe could improve cognitive performance in preadolescent Danish children. Methods: The pilot study used an 11-week cluster-randomised intervention study design. School classes were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG) (n = 93 children, age = 11.8, s = 0.2 years), which performed the obligatory daily school-based physical activity (5 × 45 minutes per week); or an intervention group (IG) (n = 838 children, age = 11.9, s = 0.4 years), which substituted 2 × 45 minutes per week of the daily school physical activity with the “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe programme. The programme combines small-sided football games, drills and health education. Cognitive performance was evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Results: The IG improved their cognitive performance compared to the CG for psychomotor function (56, sx– = 22 ms, p < .001), attention (39, sx– = 17 ms, p = .012) and working memory (79, sx– = 35 ms, p = .020). Conclusion: This pilot study provides evidence that the school-based physical activity programme “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe can improve cognitive performance in preadolescent Danish schoolchildren. Future studies should attempt to disentangle the effects of “FIFA 11 for Health” for Europe on cognitive performance by investigating the characteristics of the programme’s physical activity.
Comparing the Health Care Experiences of Medicare Beneficiaries with and without Depressive Symptoms in Medicare Managed Care versus Fee-for-Service.

OBJECTIVE To compare patient experiences and disparities for older adults with depressive symptoms in managed care (Medicare Advantage [MA]) versus Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS). DATA SOURCES Data came from the 2010 Medicare CAHPS survey, to which 220,040 MA and 135,874 FFS enrollees aged 65 and older responded. STUDY DESIGN Multivariate linear regression was used to test whether case-mix-adjusted associations between depressive symptoms and patient experience differed for beneficiaries in MA versus FFS. Dependent measures included four measures of beneficiaries' experiences with doctors (e.g., reports of doctor communication) and seven measures of beneficiaries' experiences with plans (e.g., customer service). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Beneficiaries with depressive symptoms reported worse experiences than those without depressive symptoms regardless of coverage type. For measures assessing interactions with the plan (but not for measures assessing interactions with doctors), the disadvantage for beneficiaries with versus without depressive symptoms was larger in MA than in FFS. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in care experienced by older Medicare beneficiaries with depressive symptoms tend to be more negative in managed care than in FFS. Efforts are needed to identify and address the barriers these beneficiaries encounter to help them better traverse the managed care environment.
Successful management of passenger lymphocyte syndrome in an ABO‐compatible, nonidentical isolated bowel transplant: a case report and review of the literature

Passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS), a subtype of graft‐versus‐host disease, is a rare disorder encountered mainly in ABO‐mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and infrequently in all types of ABO‐mismatched solid organ transplantation. We here report the fifth case of PLS in small bowel transplantation (SBTx) and the first one describing the successful management of PLS in a cadaveric, isolated SBTx.
Prebiotic Capacity of Inulin-Type Fructans 1 – 3

The human gut microbiota plays a significant role in human health through its ability to digest food ingredients and manufacture metabolites. This can be positive or negative for host welfare. Moreover, the microflora plays an active role in host defense whereby colonization resistance affords protection against pathogens. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that target beneficial components of the gut microflora (mainly colonic), particularly the bifidobacteria. In vitro and in vivo evidence has accumulated to confirm the prebiotic effects of inulin-derived fructans. J. Nutr. 137: 2503S–2506S, 2007.
Single Adatom Adsorption and Diffusion on Fe Surfaces

Using Embedded-atom-method (EAM) potential, we have performed in detail molecular dynamics studies on a Fe adatom adsorption and diffusion dynamics on three low miller index surfaces, Fe (110), Fe (001), and Fe (111). Our results present that adatom adsorption energies and diffusion barriers on these surfaces have similar monotonic trend: adsorption energies, Ea(110) Ea(001) Ea(111), diffusion barriers, Ed(110) Ed(001) Ed(111). On the Fe (110) surface, adatom simple jump is the main diffusion mechanism with relatively low energy barrier; nevertheless, adatoms exchange with surface atoms play a dominant role in surface diffusion on the Fe (001).
Buying Time: Long-Term Results of Wrist Denervation and Time to Repeat Surgery

Background: This study reviews long-term outcomes of partial wrist denervation focusing on need for and time to revision procedure. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of all patients undergoing partial wrist denervation between 1994 and 2014. At average latest follow-up of 6.75 years (range, 1-21 years), clinical and radiographic data and need for revision surgery were recorded. Results: There were 100 wrists in 89 patients (61 male, 28 female) with average age at surgery of 54 years (range, 26-80). Principal diagnoses were arthritis (58%), inflammatory (19%), and posttraumatic arthritis (7%). Average flexion-extension arc was 83% and grip strength 75% of unaffected extremity. Average Mayo Wrist Scores improved from 48 preoperatively to 77 postoperatively. Sixty-nine percent of patients did not undergo other procedures during the time interval studied. Thirty-one percent underwent revision at an average of 26 months following denervation (range, 2-165). Conclusions: Partial wrist denervation is a motion-preserving procedure for patients with refractory wrist pain with 69% in this series requiring no further procedures. The remaining 31% experienced average symptom relief for 2 years prior to ultimately undergoing revision operation.
Automatic Nuclear Segmentation Using Multiscale Radial Line Scanning With Dynamic Programming

In the diagnosis of various cancers by analyzing histological images, automatic nuclear segmentation is an important step. However, nuclear segmentation is a difficult problem because of overlapping nuclei, inhomogeneous staining, and presence of noisy pixels and other tissue components. In this paper, we present an automatic technique for nuclear segmentation in skin histological images. The proposed technique first applies a bank of generalized Laplacian of Gaussian kernels to detect nuclear seeds. Based on the detected nuclear seeds, a multiscale radial line scanning method combined with dynamic programming is applied to extract a set of candidate nuclear boundaries. The gradient, intensity, and shape information are then integrated to determine the optimal boundary for each nucleus in the image. Nuclear overlap limitation is finally imposed based on a Dice coefficient measure such that the obtained nuclear contours do not severely intersect with each other. Experiments have been thoroughly performed on two datasets with H&E and Ki-67 stained images, which show that the proposed technique is superior to conventional schemes of nuclear segmentation.
The Effectiveness of a Computerized IV Infusion Protocol to Treat Hyperglycemia in Burn Patients

Tight glucose control (TGC) in critical care settings is becoming increasingly the standard of care. However, TGC comes with the risk of hypoglycemia, as highlighted by some recent studies. Our aim was to establish TGC in burn patients without increasing rates of hypoglycemia. The authors used a computer-driven glucose control program (CGS) to achieve this goal. The computer program calculates insulin drip rates by using a multiplier that changes according to blood glucose (BG) values as well as trends and keeps a record of BG data and insulin infusion rates for future quality control analysis. CGS is also a useful adjunct in transitioning patients from an IV insulin drip to subcutaneous insulin. A retrospective review of the glucose control program database was performed to obtain information on length of time to goal glucose levels (set at 100–150 mg/dl), glucose level trends, and incidence of hypoglycemia when using the computer program. Over 18 months, we used CGS on 94 critical and noncritical burn patients. Mean time to target BG was 5.1 hours. Glucose levels of 100 to 150 mg/dl were maintained 63.3% of the time, and values within the wider range of 70 to 150 mg/dl were maintained 80.8% of the time. The incidence of hypoglycemia, defined as BG level below 70 mg/dl, was only 1.66% and was treated without any adverse sequelae. Hyperglycemic episodes were directly correlated with surgical interventions during which time the CGS was not utilized in the operating room. CGS offers a safe and effective means of rapidly achieving and maintaining glucose targets in burn patients. Further analysis of the data needs to be conducted to determine whether the BG targets used in our study offer a morbidity benefit to burn patients.