Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ligni fi cation in Sugarcane : Biochemical Characterization , Gene Discovery , and Expression Analysis in Two Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Content 1 [ W ]

Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083–970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (A.B., I.C., A.B.S., J.L.S.M., J.C.M.S.M., P.M.N., S.M.C.-G., P.M.); Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083–875 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (R.V.); Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85040–080 Guarapuava, Puerto Rico, Brazil (J.L.S.M.); Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (I.C., R.V., K.M., G.G., W.B.); Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (I.C., R.V., K.M., G.G., W.B.); Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais, e Educação, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, 38025–440 Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil (J.C.M.S.M.); and Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, 14001–970 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (P.M.N., I.A.A., S.C., M.G.A.L.)
The Underpinnings of ‘Bureaucratic’ Control Systems: HRM in European Multinationals

This paper explores the relationship between the operation of management control systems and the mobilization of power resources in multinational companies. It argues that formal ‘bureaucratic’ controls depend for their effective operation on informal systems and the power relations they embody. In particular, bureaucratic control systems rely inherently on the deployment of ‘social’ control mechanisms relating to the creation of common value systems, understandings, and expectations about the ‘rules of the game’ among corporate actors. The argument is illustrated by material from case studies of HRM in British and German multinationals.
CSR reporting among Zimbabwe's hotel groups: a content analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature and adequacy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting among Zimbabwe's hotel groups.Design/methodology/approach – Content analysis was used to examine websites, annual reports and mission statements of Zimbabwe's hotel groups.Findings – Zimbabwe's hotel groups gave primacy to financial performance rather than social and environmental themes in their CSR reporting. In comparative terms, the hotel groups lag behind some of their developed world's counterparts in CSR reporting.Research limitations/implications – Future studies may examine the actual CSR practices adopted by Zimbabwe's tourism and hospitality sector. Research efforts should also be directed towards producing a framework to guide the effective design of CSR dedicated pages on corporate websites.Practical implications – The research findings suggest that CSR initiatives and reporting are still a peripheral issue among Zimbabwe's hotel groups. A need for legal compulsion an.
Entrepreneurship at the Local Government Level: Stimulating and restraining forces in the Swedish waste management industry

Abstract This article explores influential forces on public sector entrepreneurship in two different organizational forms: the local government administration and the local government corporation. In arguing for the need to consider the context of organizational form, this article presents a development beyond existing research on public entrepreneurship (PE) which so far has been conducted only to a limited extent. The inductive analysis identifies factors not previously perceived as influential on PE. These findings support the importance of distinguishing between organizational forms. Finally, the findings can be used for formulating hypotheses possible to test in larger research designs.
Islamic Thought: An Introduction

Introduction 1. Islamic Thought and the Transmission of Religious Knowledge 2. The Qur'an: The Primary Foundation Text of Islam 3. The Sunnah of the Prophet 4. Islamic Legal Thought 5. Islamic Theological Thought 6. Mystical Thought: Sufism 7. Artistic Expressions 8. Philosophical Thought 9. Islamic Political Thought 10. Renewal, Reform and Muslim Modernism. Epilogue: Key Trends in Islamic Thought Today
The 2012 Political Reform in Russia

The 2012 political reform in Russia involved both liberalizing concessions to the public in implementing new party registration rules and an effort to make the existing authoritarian system more efficient and viable through a limited restoration of gubernatorial elections. The choices made by the authorities depended on the perceived immediacy of threats posed by the reform.
miR-30 Family Controls Proliferation and Differentiation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models by Directing a Broad Gene Expression Program That Includes SOX9 and the Ubiquitin Ligase Pathway*

Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) occur in part through precise regulation of key transcription factors, such as SOX9. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as prominent fine-tuners of transcription factor expression and activity. We hypothesized that miRNAs, in part through the regulation of SOX9, may mediate IEC homeostasis. Bioinformatic analyses of the SOX9 3′-UTR revealed highly conserved target sites for nine different miRNAs. Of these, only the miR-30 family members were both robustly and variably expressed across functionally distinct cell types of the murine jejunal epithelium. Inhibition of miR-30 using complementary locked nucleic acids (LNA30bcd) in both human IECs and human colorectal adenocarcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells resulted in significant up-regulation of SOX9 mRNA but, interestingly, significant down-regulation of SOX9 protein. To gain mechanistic insight into this non-intuitive finding, we performed RNA sequencing on LNA30bcd-treated human IECs and found 2440 significantly increased genes and 2651 significantly decreased genes across three time points. The up-regulated genes are highly enriched for both predicted miR-30 targets, as well as genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Chemical suppression of the proteasome rescued the effect of LNA30bcd on SOX9 protein levels, indicating that the regulation of SOX9 protein by miR-30 is largely indirect through the proteasome pathway. Inhibition of the miR-30 family led to significantly reduced IEC proliferation and a dramatic increase in markers of enterocyte differentiation. This in-depth analysis of a complex miRNA regulatory program in intestinal epithelial cell models provides novel evidence that the miR-30 family likely plays an important role in IEC homeostasis.
Tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav1 as a Point of Integration for T-cell Receptor- and CD28-mediated Activation of JNK, p38, and Interleukin-2 Transcription* 210

In this study we identified tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav1 as an early point of integration between the signaling routes triggered by the T-cell receptor and CD28 in human T-cell leukemia cells. Costimulation resulted in a prolonged and sustained phosphorylation and membrane localization of Vav1 in comparison to T-cell receptor activation alone. T-cell stimulation induced the recruitment of Vav1 to an inducible multiprotein T-cell activation signaling complex at the plasma membrane. Vav1 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK and p38. The Vav1-mediated activation of JNK employed a pathway involving Rac, HPK1, MLK3, and MKK7. The costimulation-induced activation of p38 was inhibited by dominant negative forms of Vav1, Rac, and MKK6. Here we show that Vav1 also induces transcription factors that bind to the CD28RE/AP element contained in the interleukin-2 promoter. A detailed mutational analysis of Vav1 revealed a series of constitutively active and nonfunctional forms of Vav1. Almost all inactive versions were mutated in their Dbl homology domain and behaved as dominant negative mutants that impaired costimulation-induced activation of JNK, p38, and CD28RE/AP-dependent transcription. In contrast to NF-AT-dependent transcription, Vav1-mediated transcriptional induction of the CD28RE/AP element in the interleukin-2 promoter could only partially be inhibited by cyclosporin A, suggesting a dual role of Vav1 for controlling Ca2+-dependent and -independent events.
What Motivates Nonprofit Organizations' Top Managers to Volunteer?

In this empirical study we analyzed 119 executives from Turkish nonprofit organizations with the aim of providing evidence to answer the question of what motivates governance volunteers to volunteer. Moreover, we tested whether organizational mission, managerial position, and age cause a difference among governance volunteers’ volunteer motivation. Factor analysis revealed that there were five factors underlying the volunteer motivation concept, and although a combination of altruistic and egoistic needs leads individuals to volunteer, the primary reason was altruistic. Contrary to our assumptions, we found out that there was no difference between the determinants of volunteer motivation of governance volunteers from different managerial positions or from organizations with different missions. However, we found that determinants of volunteer motivation differ depending on age.
Strain Sensor Realized by Using Low-Birefringence Photonic-Crystal-Fiber-Based Sagnac Loop

An optical fiber strain sensor by using a low-birefringence photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based Sagnac loop is demonstrated. A fiber Sagnac loop is formed by the low-birefringence PCF of about 40 cm, and a section of about 140-mm PCF is used as the strain sensing element. The output spectra of Sagnac loop under different strain levels are measured and analyzed. The sensitivity of the strain measurement of -0.457 pm/με is achieved within the range of 0-2520 με. The temperature effect is also analyzed.
A Strategic Approach to Network Value in Network Industries

This article extends previous research on network industries by analyzing the role that firm strategy plays in markets where network effects are important. The authors postulate that firms can benefit from the existence of network effects through their strategic choices. The main premise of this article is that companies, by influencing expectations, coordination, and compatibility, can leverage network effects and network value. The authors empirically test their hypotheses in the mobile telecommunications industry, a paradigmatic example of a network industry. This study not only seeks to understand the impact of firm strategy on network value but also analyzes the impact of the latter on firm performance.
Fear-avoidance beliefs and parental responses to pain in adolescents with chronic pain.

BACKGROUND The fear-avoidance model of chronic pain posits that fear of pain is associated with fear and avoidance of activity, which can lead to deconditioning and persistence of pain and disability. Despite being well supported in adults, little is known about the role of fear-avoidance beliefs regarding physical activity in children. Research has shown that parental protectiveness contributes to activity limitations in children; however, no studies have examined relationships between protectiveness, and fear and avoidance. OBJECTIVES To conduct a cross-sectional study to provide additional information regarding the reliability and validity of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale among adolescents with chronic pain; examine fear-avoidance beliefs and depressive symptoms as concurrent predictors of physical activity limitations; and test competing models using fear-avoidance beliefs as mediators and moderators of the association between parental protectiveness and activity limitations. METHODS Adolescents (n=42) 11 to 17 years of age with chronic pain completed questionnaires assessing pain intensity, fear-avoidance beliefs, depressive symptoms and physical activity limitations. Their parents completed questionnaires regarding protectiveness and adolescent activity limitations. RESULTS The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale was useful for assessing fear-avoidance beliefs in the present population. In support of hypotheses, greater fear-avoidance beliefs were associated with greater activity limitations, above pain intensity and depressive symptoms. Support was found for fear-avoidance beliefs as mediators of the association between parental protectiveness and activity limitations. Tests of moderation were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Fear-avoidance beliefs may be an important target for interventions focused on decreasing activity limitations in youth with chronic pain. Future research should investigate these associations longitudinally.
Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What Works and What Hurts

This survey of employees at six large American companies asked the question: "What works and what hurts in corporate ethics/compliance management? " The study found that a values-based cultural approach to ethics/compliance management works best. Critical ingredients of this approach include leaders' commitment to ethics, fair treatment of employees, rewards for ethical conduct, concern for external stakeholders, and consistency between policies and actions. What hurts effectiveness most are an ethics/compliance program that employees believe exists only to protect top management from blame and an ethical culture that focuses on unquestioning obedience to authority and employee self-interest. The results of effective ethics/compliance management are impressive. They include reduced unethical/illegal behavior in the organization, increased awareness of ethical issues, more ethical advice seeking within the firm, greater willingness to deliver bad news or report ethical/legal violations to management, better decision making because of the ethics/compliance program, and increased employee commitment.
Saccadic movement strategy in a semiaquatic species – the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

ABSTRACT Moving animals can estimate the distance of visual objects from image shift on their retina (optic flow) created during translational, but not rotational movements. To facilitate this distance estimation, many terrestrial and flying animals perform saccadic movements, thereby temporally separating translational and rotational movements, keeping rotation times short. In this study, we analysed whether a semiaquatic mammal, the harbour seal, also adopts a saccadic movement strategy. We recorded the seals' normal swimming pattern with video cameras and analysed head and body movements. The swimming seals indeed minimized rotation times by saccadic head and body turns, with top rotation speeds exceeding 350 deg s−1 which leads to an increase of translational movements. Saccades occurred during both types of locomotion of the seals' intermittent swimming mode: active propulsion and gliding. In conclusion, harbour seals share the saccadic movement strategy of terrestrial animals. Whether this movement strategy is adopted to facilitate distance estimation from optic flow or serves a different function will be a topic of future research. Summary: Harbour seals perform head and body saccades, which have previously only been described for terrestrial species; thereby, they might optimize distance estimation from optic flow or reduce motion blur.
Understanding tourists’ spatial behaviour: GPS tracking as an aid to sustainable destination management

The spatial behaviour of tourists within cities is not well understood, partly because of the complexities of cities as spaces and partly because few studies have addressed this phenomenon. This paper reports on collaborative research studies, conducted in conjunction with destination-management agencies in the Australian cities of Sydney and Melbourne. The studies used Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices to find out how various kinds of tourists moved around each city, supplemented by semi-structured interviews with the tourists to help explain their movement patterns. A total of 154 participant groups took part. Each study sought to provide information to destination-management agencies to help them improve aspects of the visitor's experience by improving wayfinding systems. Findings were analysed visually using a space syntax approach. Tourists walked between 10 and 35 km per day. Lack of knowledge of public transport systems and ticketing was a major constraint on public transport use. Melbourne's street pattern and its free city circle tram were found more user-friendly than Sydney's street pattern and public transport. The resulting visual maps provided destination managers with a valuable diagnostic tool; a range of new initiatives have been developed, including better conference visitor information, and training for information centre staff.
COMPACT STELLAR BINARY ASSEMBLY IN THE FIRST NUCLEAR STAR CLUSTERS AND r-PROCESS SYNTHESIS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

Investigations of elemental abundances in the ancient and most metal deficient stars are extremely important because they serve as tests of variable nucleosynthesis pathways and can provide critical inferences of the type of stars that lived and died before them. The presence of r-process elements in a handful of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP-r) stars, which are assumed to be closely connected to the chemical yield from the first stars, is hard to reconcile with standard neutron star mergers. Here we show that the production rate of dynamically assembled compact binaries in high-z nuclear star clusters can attain a sufficient high value to be a potential viable source of heavy r-process material in CEMP-r stars. The predicted frequency of such events in the early Galaxy, much lower than the frequency of Type II supernovae but with significantly higher mass ejected per event, can naturally lead to a high level of scatter of Eu as observed in CEMP-r stars.
The Consequences of Appointment Methods and Party Control for Telecommunications Pricing

While the economic approach to the politics of regulation emphasizes the importance of organized economic interests in shaping policies, political institutions in which regulatory agencies are embedded may also have significant effects. By including both economic influences and characteristics of political institutions in a model of price setting by state regulators, this paper demonstrates that both shape regulatory behavior in the telecommunications industry. Whether commissioners are elected or appointed, whether they face confirmation by a legislature, and whether a single party controls both executive and legislative branches of state governments influence the level of prices charged for basic services. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Students’ entrepreneurial regulation and intention to become an entrepreneur: A comparison between public and private universities

Motivation and ability to orient ones' knowledge, thought and behavior to accomplish entrepreneurial goals and tasks has recently termed as entrepreneurial regulation. Entrepreneurial regulation strongly affects the whole process of new venture creation and specifically entrepreneurial opportunity exploration that is the first step in the entrepreneurship process. However, few researchers examined the construct particularly among potential entrepreneurs such as university students. This study aims to measure self-regulation (promotion focus), entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention to become an entrepreneur among university students. 722 students from both public and private universities were randomly selected as the participants based on the assumption that entrepreneurship education and training programs and university environment highly influence the development of entrepreneurial regulation, self-efficacy and intention in students. Analysis of the data revealed a significant relationship between students' promotion focus, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, students from public universities had significantly higher entrepreneurial regulation and intentions than their counterparts from private universities. We discuss the implications of the findings for entrepreneurship research, theory development and education.
ENDOGENOUS CYCLICAL GROWTH WITH A SIGMOIDAL DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

The model we propose in this paper is an extension of the one described in Freeman et al. [Freeman, S. , Hong, D. and Peled, D. (1999) Endogenous Cycles and Growth with Indivisible Technological Developments. Review of Economics Dynamics, 2, 403–432]. In our model, we incorporate the process of diffusion of major innovations and analyze macroeconomic effects on consumption, capital and aggregate output. Following Bresnahan and Trajtenberg [Bresnahan, T. and Trajtenberg, M. (1995) General Purpose Technologies: Engines of Growth? Journal of Econometrics, 65, 83–108. ], Helpman [Helpman, E. (ed.) (1998) General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth. MIT Press] and Lipsey et al. [Lipsey, R.G. , Carlaw, K. and Bekar, C. (2005) Economic Transformations: General Purpose Technologies and Long Term Economic Growth. Oxford University Press. ] we assimilate major innovations with the emergence of certain GPTs, and we suggest that the diffusion process for these technologies, at a large scale, might follow an S-shaped pattern. The proposed model presents optimum stationary solutions which are cyclical and have a wave dynamic within each cycle. The cycles are characterized by certain co-movements in consumption, R&D investment, capital accumulation and output. Consideration of the innovation diffusion process highlights new aspects of endogenous cycles and long-run growth.
De novo hepatic steatosis drives atherogenic risk in liver transplantation recipients

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. Despite a high prevalence of de novo hepatic steatosis after liver transplantation (LT), there are no data exploring the association between hepatic steatosis after LT and atherogenic risk. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of hepatic steatosis on serum atherogenic markers in liver transplantation recipients (LTRs). Biomarkers of CVD risk were compared in 89 LTRs with no known history of dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, or graft cirrhosis. To avoid potential confounders, LTRs on oral hypoglycemic agents, exogenous insulin, corticosteroids, or lipid‐lowering therapy were excluded. Only patients for whom histological assessment was available after LT were included in the study. Thirty‐five LTRs had de novo hepatic steatosis after LT, whereas 54 did not. Both cohorts were similar with regards to age, sex, ethnicity, and follow‐up from LT. Additionally, the traditional lipid profile was similar between the 2 cohorts. LTRs with hepatic steatosis had higher serum concentrations of small‐dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C; 34.8 ± 16.9 versus 22.7 ± 11.2 mg/dL; P < 0.001), sdLDL‐C to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (32.6 ± 11.6 versus 24.6 ± 10.2; P < 0.01), small‐dense low‐density lipoprotein particle concentration (sdLDL‐P; 770 ± 440 versus 486 ± 402 nmol/L; P < 0.01), very low density lipoprotein particle concentration (VLDL‐P; 7.90 ± 7.91 versus 3.86 ± 3.18 nmol/L; P < 0.01), and very low density lipoprotein size (VLDL‐size; 51.9 ± 6.4 versus 48.7 ± 6.3 nm; P = 0.06). LTRs with hepatic steatosis had higher serum insulin concentrations (27.8 ± 41.8 versus 11.7 ± 7.8 uU/mL; P < 0.01) but similar fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Steatosis grade was directly related to sdLDL‐C, sdLDL‐P, insulin, VLDL‐P, and VLDL‐size. In multivariate analysis, the association between steatosis grade and sdLDL‐C (β = 0.03; P = 0.029), VLDL‐size (β = 0.316; P = 0.04), and low‐density lipoprotein particle size (β = –0.27; P = 0.05) was independent of sex, body mass index, age, diabetes mellitus, time from transplant, and indication for LT. In conclusion, de novo hepatic steatosis after LT is associated with atherogenic lipoproteins and independent of traditional CVD risk factors. Liver Transpl 21:1395‐1402, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.