Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of external tidal field on the evolution of the outer regions of multi-mass star clusters

We present N-body simulations (including an initial mass function) of globular clusters in the Galaxy in order to study effects of the tidal field systematically on the properties of the outer parts of globular clusters. Using NBODY6, which correctly takes into account the two-body relaxation, we investigate the development of tidal tails of globular clusters in the Galactic tidal field. For simplicity, we have employed only the spherical components (bulge and halo) of the Galaxy, and ignored the effects of stellar evolution which could have been important in the very early phase of the cluster evolution. The total number of stars in our simulations is about 20 000, which is much smaller than the realistic number of stars. All simulations had been done for several orbital periods in order to understand the development of the tidal tails. In our scaled-down models, the relaxation time is sufficiently short to show the mass segregation effect, but we did not go far enough to see the core collapse, and the fraction of stars lost from the cluster at the end of the simulations is only ∼10 per cent. The radial distribution of extra-tidal stars can be described by a power law with a slope around −3 in surface density. The directions of tidal tails are determined by the orbits and locations of the clusters. We find that the length of tidal tails increases towards the apogalacticon and decreases towards the perigalacticon. This is an anti-correlation with the strength of the tidal field, caused by the fact that the time-scale for the stars to respond to the potential is similar to the orbital time-scale of the cluster. The escape of stars in the tidal tails towards the pericentre could be another reason for the decrease of the length of tidal tails. We find that the rotational angular velocity of tidally induced clusters shows quite different behaviour from that of initially rotating clusters.
A Novel Single-Excitation Capacitive Angular Position Sensor Design

This paper presents a high-precision capacitive angular position sensor (CAPS). The CAPS is designed to be excited by a single voltage to eliminate the matching errors of multi-excitations, and it is mainly composed of excitation electrodes, coupling electrodes, petal-form sensitive electrodes and a set of collection electrodes. A sinusoidal voltage is applied on the excitation electrodes, then the voltage couples to the coupling electrodes and sensitive electrodes without contact. The sensitive electrodes together with the set of collection electrodes encode the angular position to amplitude-modulated signals, and in order to increase the scale factor, the sensitive electrodes are patterned in the shape of petal-form sinusoidal circles. By utilizing a resolver demodulation method, the amplitude-modulated signals are digitally decoded to get the angular position. A prototype of the CAPS is fabricated and tested. The measurement results show that the accuracy of the sensor is 0.0036°, the resolution is 0.0009° and the nonlinearity over the full range is 0.008° (after compensation), indicating that the CAPS has great potential to be applied in high-precision applications with a low cost.
Pleural Mesothelioma: An Institutional Experience of 66 Cases

Background Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura is an aggressive tumor known to be associated with asbestos. Histological diagnosis of mesothelioma is challenging and is usually aided by immunohistochemical markers. Methods During an 18-year period (1995-2012), 66 patients with pleural mesothelioma were diagnosed at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul. We reviewed hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical slides of pleural mesothelioma and evaluated their pathological and clinical features. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1.75:1, and age of patients ranged from 28 to 80 years with an average age of 56.84 years. Twenty-two out of 66 patients underwent curative pneumonectomy. Follow-up data was available in 60 patients (90.9%), and 50 of them (83.3%) died from the disease. The average overall survival was 15.39 months. Histologically, the epithelioid type was the most common, followed by the sarcomatoid and the biphasic types. Epidemiologic information was not available in most cases, and only one patient was confirmed to have a history of asbestos exposure. Conclusions Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura is a fatal tumor, and the therapeutic benefit of pneumonectomy remains unproven. The combination of calretinin, Wilms tumor 1, HMBE-1, and thyroid transcription factor-1 may provide high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing mesothelioma.
Time series analysis of dengue cases reporting to a tertiary care hospital

Background: Dengue fever is a major public health problem, the concern is high as the disease is closely related to climate change.Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted for 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in the city of Mumbai. Data of Dengue cases and climate for the city of Mumbai between 2011 and 2015 were obtained. Data was analysed using SPSS- time series analysis and forecasting model.Results: 33% cases belonged to the 21-30 years, proportion of men affected were more than women. A seasonal distribution of cases was observed. A strong correlation was noted between the total number of cases reported and (a) mean monthly rainfall and (b) number of days of rainfall. ARIMA model was used for forecasting.Conclusions: The trend analysis along with forecasting model helps in being prepared for the year ahead.
A New Molecular Phylogeny and a New Genus, Pendulorchis, of the Aerides–Vanda Alliance (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)

Background The Aerides–Vanda alliance is a complex group in the subtribe Aeridinae (subfamily Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae). Some phylogenetic systems of this alliance have been previously proposed based on molecular and morphological analyses. However, several taxonomic problems within this alliance as well as between it and its allies remain unsolved. Methodology/Principal Findings We utilized ITS and five plastid DNA regions in this phylogenetic analysis. Consensus trees strongly indicate that the Aerides–Vanda alliance is monophyletic, and the 14 genera of this alliance can be grouped into the following clades with 14 subclades: 1. Aerides, comprising two subclades: Rhynchostylis and Aerides; 2. Ascocentropsis; 3. Papilionanthe; 4. Vanda, comprising five subclades: Neofinetia, Christensonia, Seidenfadenia, Ascocentrum, and Vanda–Trudelia, in which Vanda and Trudelia form a subclade; 5. Tsiorchis, comprising three subclades: Chenorchis, Tsiorchis, and two species of Ascocentrum; 6. Paraholcoglossum; and 7. Holcoglossum. Among the 14 genera, only Ascocentrum is triphyletic: two species of the Ascocentrum subclade, an independent subclade Ascocentrum subclade in the Tsiorchis clade; the Ascocentrum subclade in the Vanda clade; and one species in the Holcoglossum clade. The Vanda and Trudelia species belong to the same subclade. The molecular conclusion is consistent with their morphological characteristics. Conclusions We elucidate the relationship among the 14 genera of the Aerides–Vanda alliance. Our phylogenetic results reveal that the Aerides–Vanda alliance is monophyletic, but it can be divided into 14 genera. The data prove that Ascocentrum is triphyletic. Plants with elongate-terete leaves and small flowers should be treated as a new genus, Pendulorchis. Saccolabium himalaicum (Ascocentrum himalaicum) should be transferred to Pendulorchis. Ascocentrum pumilum, endemic to Taiwan, should be transferred to Holcoglossum. A new combination, Holcoglossum pumilum, was also established. Trudelia should not be recognized as an independent genus. Two new species, Pendulorchis gaoligongensis and Holcoglossum singchianum, were described as well.
Risk Classification Efficiency and the Insurance Market Regulation

Given that the insurance market is characterized by asymmetric information, its efficiency has traditionally been based to a large extent on risk classification. In certain regulations, however, we can find restrictions on these differentiations, primarily the ban on those considered to be “discriminatory”. In 2011, following the European Union Directive 2004/113/EC, the European Court of Justice concluded that any gender-based discrimination was prohibited, meaning that gender equality in the European Union had to be ensured from 21 December 2012. Another restriction was imposed by EU and national competition regulation on the exchange of information considered as anti-competitive behavior. This paper aims to contribute to the recent policy debate in the EU, evaluating the negative economic consequences of these regulatory restrictions in terms of market efficiency.
Robust Jordan network for nonlinear time series prediction

We propose a robust initialization of Jordan network with recurrent constrained learning (RIJNRCL) algorithm for multilayered recurrent neural networks (RNNs). This novel algorithm is based on the constrained learning concept of Jordan network with recurrent sensitivity and weight convergence analysis to obtain a tradeoff between training and testing errors. In addition to use classical techniques of the adaptive learning rate and adaptive dead zone, RIJNRCL uses a recurrent constrained parameter matrix to switch off excessive contribution of the hidden layer neurons based on weight convergence and stability conditions of the the multilayered RNNs.
Self-adaptive parameters in genetic algorithms

Genetic algorithms are powerful search algorithms that can be applied to a wide range of problems. Generally, parameter setting is accomplished prior to running a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and this setting remains unchanged during execution. The problem of interest to us here is the self-adaptive parameters adjustment of a GA. In this research, we propose an approach in which the control of a genetic algorithm’s parameters can be encoded within the chromosome of each individual. The parameters’ values are entirely dependent on the evolution mechanism and on the problem context. Our preliminary results show that a GA is able to learn and evaluate the quality of self-set parameters according to their degree of contribution to the resolution of the problem. These results are indicative of a promising approach to the development of GAs with self-adaptive parameter settings that do not require the user to pre-adjust parameters at the outset.
The Dynamics of Legal Networks: State Attorney General Amicus Brief Coalition Formation

ABSTRACT State attorneys general, the second most frequent and successful class of amici at the Supreme Court, are more successful as coalition size increases. While a large literature examines their amicus activity, scholars know little about how their coalitions form. This presents an incomplete account as broad coalitions are possible only if they are first mobilized. Utilizing social network analysis, I argue attorney general amicus brief coalitions are the product of the broader context. This context is dynamic. In the 1980s and 1990s coalitions are predicted by resources. By the 2000s, an increasingly partisan environment makes ideological similarity the main predictor of coalition formation. These findings draw attention to not only the utility of network approaches to judicial politics, but also the importance of changes in the broader environment in how attorneys general and other actors are able to mobilize coalitions to advance their preferences at the Court.
Timing measurements of synchronization circuits

A regular (two-flop) synchronizer and six multi-synchronous synchronizers are implemented on a programmable logic device and are measured. An experimental system and method for measuring synchronizers and metastable flip-flops are described. Two separate settling time constants are shown for a metastable flop, confirming earlier results of Dike and Burton [1999]. Clocking cross-talk between asynchronous clocks is demonstrated. The regular synchronizer is useful for communications between asynchronous clock domains, while the other synchronizers can provide higher bandwidth communications between multi-synchronous and mesochronous domains.
Cost of Low-Quality Data over Association Rules Discovery

Quality in data mining critically depends on the preparation and on the quality of processed data sets. Indeed data mining processes and applications require various forms of data preparation (and repair) with several data formatting and cleaning techniques, because the data input to the mining algorithms is assumed to conform to nice data distributions, containing no missing, inconsistent or incorrect values. This leaves a large gap between the available dirty data and the available machinery to process and analyze the data for discovering knowledge. This paper presents a theoretical probabilistic framework for modeling the cost of low-quality data on discovered association rules.
A deluxe FETI‐DP algorithm for a hybrid staggered discontinuous Galerkin method for H(curl)‐elliptic problems

Convergence theories and a deluxe dual and primal finite element tearing and interconnecting algorithm are developed for a hybrid staggered DG finite element approximation of H(curl) elliptic problems in two dimensions. In addition to the advantages of staggered DG methods, the basis functions of the new hybrid staggered DG method are all locally supported in the triangular elements, and a Lagrange multiplier approach is applied to enforce the global connections of these basis functions. The interface problem on the Lagrange multipliers is further reduced to the resulting problem on the subdomain interfaces, and a dual and primal finite element tearing and interconnecting algorithm with an enriched weight factor is then applied to the resulting problem. Our algorithm is shown to give a condition number bound of C(1 + log(H ∕ h))2, independent of the two parameters, where H ∕ h is the number of triangles across each subdomain. Numerical results are included to confirm our theoretical bounds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological adaptation to life-threatening injury in dyads: the role of dysfunctional disclosure of trauma

Background Certain modes of trauma disclosure have been found to be associated with more severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in different trauma populations: the reluctance to disclose trauma-related thoughts and feelings, a strong urge to talk about it, and physical as well as emotional reactions during disclosure. Although social-contextual influences gain more and more interest in trauma research, no study has yet investigated these “dysfunctional disclosure tendencies” and their association with PTS from an interpersonal perspective. Objective (1) To replicate previous findings on dysfunctional disclosure tendencies in patients with life-threatening injury and their significant others and (2) to study interpersonal associations between dysfunctional disclosure style and PTS at a dyadic level. Method PTS symptom severity and self-reports on dysfunctional disclosure tendencies were assessed in N=70 dyads comprising one individual with severe traumatic brain injury and a significant other (“proxy”) 3 months after injury. Results Regression analyses predicting PTS symptom severity revealed dysfunctional disclosure tendencies to have incremental validity above and beyond sex, age, and trauma severity within the individual (both patient and proxy), with moderate effect sizes. The interaction between patient's and proxy's disclosure style explained additional portions of the variance in patients’ PTS symptom severity. Conclusions Findings suggest that dysfunctional disclosure tendencies are related to poorer psychological adaptation to severe traumatic brain injury. This intrapersonal association may be exacerbated by dysfunctional disclosure tendencies on the part of a significant other. Although the results require replication in other trauma samples without brain injury to further generalize the findings beyond the observed population, the study contributes to the expanding literature on the crucial role of interpersonal relationships in trauma recovery. For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online
SST0001, a Chemically Modified Heparin, Inhibits Myeloma Growth and Angiogenesis via Disruption of the Heparanase/Syndecan-1 Axis

Purpose: Heparanase promotes myeloma growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis through modulation of the tumor microenvironment, thus highlighting the potential of therapeutically targeting this enzyme. SST0001, a nonanticoagulant heparin with antiheparanase activity, was examined for its inhibition of myeloma tumor growth in vivo and for its mechanism of action. Experimental Design: The ability of SST0001 to inhibit growth of myeloma tumors was assessed using multiple animal models and a diverse panel of human and murine myeloma cell lines. To investigate the mechanism of action of SST0001, pharmacodynamic markers of angiogenesis, heparanase activity, and pathways downstream of heparanase were monitored. The potential use of SST0001 as part of a combination therapy was also evaluated in vivo. Results: SST0001 effectively inhibited myeloma growth in vivo, even when confronted with an aggressively growing tumor within human bone. In addition, SST0001 treatment causes changes within tumors consistent with the compound's ability to inhibit heparanase, including downregulation of HGF, VEGF, and MMP-9 expression and suppressed angiogenesis. SST0001 also diminishes heparanase-induced shedding of syndecan-1, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan known to be a potent promoter of myeloma growth. SST0001 inhibited the heparanase-mediated degradation of syndecan-1 heparan sulfate chains, thus confirming the antiheparanase activity of this compound. In combination with dexamethasone, SST0001 blocked tumor growth in vivo presumably through dual targeting of the tumor and its microenvironment. Conclusions: These results provide mechanistic insight into the antitumor action of SST0001 and validate its use as a novel therapeutic tool for treating multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1382–93. ©2011 AACR.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Hexagonal Boron Nitride–Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures through Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics(MD) simulations are carried out to characterize the mechanical properties and failure behavior of van der Waals heterostructures composed of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) single layer sheets. The graphene–hBN and hBN–graphene–hBN heterostructures simulations are carried out under tensile and shear deformation. Accordingly, stress versus strain curves of each system are plotted and various properties of heterostructures, namely elastic modulus and shear modulus as well as failure stress and failure strain, are evaluated and compared with one another as well as with the pristine graphene and hBN sheets. Subsequently, the failure mechanism/characterization of each sheet in the heterostructures is described. Alternatively, the elastic and shear modulus of each heterostructure are computed by means of rule of mixture(ROM) which are in good agreement with results that are obtained from MD simulations.
Diffusion pattern of Linux: An assessment on major technology dimensions

This paper attempts to gain an understanding of the diffusion dynamics of Linux by assessing it on Rogers’ technology dimensions — relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability. The analysis makes clear that Linux possesses greater relative advantage than its proprietary competitors because of its low cost, lower susceptibility to bugs and crashes, resilience to obsolescence, ability to run on older machines and higher perceived security. Linux is facing compatibility problems with applications, hardware and other corporate resources; suppliers’ and customers’ technologies; and, skills of current and potential employees. Extreme configurability and user unfriendly interface; limited support and staff knowledge; and, potential hazard of forking into competing versions have been some major sources of Linux’s complexity. Linux seems to have a reasonably good performance on observability and trialability dimensions. The paper concludes by offering some suggestions on how to accelerate the diffusion of Linux among software developers, national governments and international agencies.
Problems Experienced in Postgraduate Education and Solutions: A Qualitative Study on Graduate Students’ Views

Article History: Received 08.12. 2017 Received in revised form 08.02. 2018 Accepted 15.02. 2018 Available online 25.02. 2018 The purpose of this study was to determine the problems that postgraduate students experienced during their postgraduate education and to detect their solutions for these problems. A total of ten students who earned Master’s degree in various departments of Karabuk University Institute of Social Sciences participated in this qualitative study designed as a phenomenological study. Criterion, maximum variation and convenient sampling methods were used together to select the participants of the study. The data of the study were gathered through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers as in line with both the related literature and the purposes of the present study. The data of the study were analyzed through content and descriptive analyses. Results revealed that postgraduate students evaluated post graduate education mostly as a preparation process for the academia and that they encountered problems related to the advisors more frequently, and that these problems decreased their motivation and that the most important solution for them for the problems encountered through postgraduate education was the advisors’ being more sensitive. Results from the current study were discussed in line with the related literature and some suggestions were presented. © 2018 IOJES. All rights reserved
Topic Modeling of Hierarchical Corpora

We study the problem of topic modeling in corpora whose documents are organized in a multi-level hierarchy. We explore a parametric approach to this problem, assuming that the number of topics is known or can be estimated by cross-validation. The models we consider can be viewed as special (finite-dimensional) instances of hierarchical Dirichlet processes (HDPs). For these models we show that there exists a simple variational approximation for probabilistic inference. The approximation relies on a previously unexploited inequality that handles the conditional dependence between Dirichlet latent variables in adjacent levels of the model's hierarchy. We compare our approach to existing implementations of nonparametric HDPs. On several benchmarks we find that our approach is faster than Gibbs sampling and able to learn more predictive models than existing variational methods. Finally, we demonstrate the large-scale viability of our approach on two newly available corpora from researchers in computer security---one with 350,000 documents and over 6,000 internal subcategories, the other with a five-level deep hierarchy.