Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Dynamics of Emotions and Fear in Conflict and Reconstruction

This paper is all about the construction of a new analytical framework to understand conflict and cooperation both at the international and at the domestic level with the aim of then finding mechanisms to reduce tensions and initiate conflict resolution schemes. The existing research literature on such analytical frameworks has so far been conducted a) mostly on standard social science disciplinary lines and has not incorporated the important work done on these questions by neuro-scientists and behavioral geneticists and b) is not really capable except in very specific instances to deal with the evolving dynamics of conflict and cooperation. Conflict over scarce resources (territory, mates, food) between members of the same species is a universal feature of evolution. Often conflict, especially armed conflict is supposed to be due to shows of force by two or more parties in order to appropriate or dominate resources. Force appears thus not to be the only decisive factor; perceived entitlement and powerful feelings of injustice thereby generated in the case of challenge, extended to group identity are also at the basis of conflict and aggression in humans. The relationship between environment and conflict, the role of emotions such as fear, and the absence of clear definition and enforcement of property rights within societies are also factors in the development of conflict. Thus we have here developed an analytically based numerical model that aims to include finding on these topics by Neuroscience and to emphasize the role of emotions in conflict and cooperation dynamics. This model has been simulated without specific reference to a particular country with the result that economic conditions drive our system since in one case sustained growth produces stability and end of combats whereas deteriorating capital growth and GDP collapse lead to increased hostile coalition participation and more fighting. However, the mere trigger of economic conditions is insufficient to explain conflict escalation, which results from increased participation in mutually hostile coalitions and greater fighting propensity where emotions such as fear and resentment play their role. Finally a detailed empirical analysis of the current Syrian conflict has been undertaken which shows the ability of the model to forecast actual historical developments. This study also indicates that worsening economic conditions are not the only triggering factors in civil conflict. Perceptions of opportunities due to a weakening of a regime’s authority also play a major role.
Numerical Simulation on Magnetic Field Generated by Screening Current in 10-T-Class REBCO Coil

In a REBCO superconducting magnet for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications, the large screening current induced by a magnetic field perpendicular to the winding tape is a serious problem: it generates irregular magnetic field that deteriorates the spatial field homogeneity and temporal field stability in MRI applications. Therefore, we need to estimate the magnetic field generated by the screening current using electromagnetic field analysis to design and develop a REBCO magnet that generates highly accurate and stable magnetic field. Therefore, to examine the influence of the magnetic field generated by the screening current, we constructed cryocooler-cooled small bore-coil stacked pancake REBCO coils with an inner diameter of 50 mm. This coil generates a magnetic field of 10 T at the center. In this study, we report the evaluation of the current distribution and magnetic field in the REBCO coil using the developed 3-D numerical simulation code for electromagnetic field analysis in a REBCO tape using the finite-element method and fast multipole method. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results. Furthermore, we discuss the current distribution in the REBCO tape and the spatial and temporal behavior of the magnetic field on the basis of the results of the experiments and numerical simulation.
Look and tell: using photo-elicitation methods with teenagers

This article reflects on the usefulness of photo elicitation in research with young people. As part of an Economic and Social Research Council-funded project exploring conflict and divisions in contested cities, teenagers living or attending schools in segregated areas of Belfast were presented with 11 photographs depicting the city's traditional ethno religious divisions, the new ‘post conflict’ consumerist city and youth subcultures. In response to each photo, the young people produced individual written comments and their opinions were fleshed out during follow-up focus group interviews. Drawing on these responses, the strengths and weaknesses of using photo elicitation in research with young people and its capacity to generate new insights into teenagers' spatial perceptions and experiences are outlined.
Genetic diversity in barley from west China based on RAPD and ISSR analysis

Two types of molecular markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), were assayed to determine the genetic diversity of 46 barley accessions, including 27 landraces of H. vulgare ssp vulgare (HV), 6 accessions of H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (HS) and 13 accessions of H. vulgare ssp. agriocrithon (HA), from west China. A high level of polymorphism was found with both RAPD and ISSR markers, and the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.574 and 0.631 for RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. In RAPD analyses, 84 out of 109 bands (77.06%) were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 per primer, with an average of 4.19 per primer. The RAPD-based genetic similarity (RAPD-GS) ranged from 0.753 to 0.980, with the mean of 0.864. In ISSR analyses, a total of 107 alleles were detected, among which 105 alleles (98.13%) were polymorphic. The number of alleles per primer ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 5.94 alleles per ISSR primer. The ISSR-derived genetic similarity (ISSR-GS) ranged from 0.212 to 0.931, with the mean of 0.674. ISSR was better than RAPD to detect genetic diversity among the barley accessions. A poor correlation (r = 0.113) was found between both sets of genetic similarity data, suggesting that both sets of markers revealed unrelated estimates of genetic relationships. Cluster analyses indicated that all 46 barley accessions could be distinguished by both RAPD and ISSR markers.
A communication model of employee cynicism toward organizational change

Purpose – The study was designed to generate and test a model of employee cynicism toward organizational change from the communication perspective in a higher education institution.Design/methodology/approach – Using the theoretical framework of social information processing (SIP), the study investigated the communication processes in the social context, which contributed to employee cynicism toward organizational change in the higher education setting. Path analysis was used to test the overall model fit.Findings – The findings suggest that the three variables, perceived quality of information, cynicism of colleagues, and trust in the administration, predict change‐specific cynicism, which, in turn, lead to intention to resist change.Research limitations/implications – As an initial attempt to explain employee cynicism toward organizational change in higher education settings, this model inevitably has loose ends. Further research is needed to expand the model from a communication perspective.Practical i.
Explaining Unethical Behaviour Among People Motivated to Act Prosocially

Moral reasoning theorists working in the constructivist tradition have tended to explain unethical behaviour by assuming that a breakdown occurs in the link between a person's moral judgement within a particular situation and his ultimate behaviour in that situation. This breakdown is usually seen as being the result of the individual ignoring his deontic judgement in favour of meeting a competing, non-moral social obligation or of fulfilling a selfish interest. This model of unethical behaviour has led to suggestions that moral educators focus on fostering the incorporation of morality into people's self-concepts and on building moral character. An argument is presented that unethical behaviour, especially that involving relatively minor moral breaches, is often not the result of a moral judgement-behaviour hiatus but rather a corruption of the construal process. This corruption, driven by a desire for personal gain, results in the erroneous conclusion that an unethical action is actually morally accepta.
Heterogeneity in hepatic transport of somatostatin analog octapeptides

Hepatic transport of the synthetic somatostatin analog octreotide—SMS 201–995, ‐Throl—and its novel derivative N‐α‐(α‐D‐glucosyl(1–4)‐1‐deoxy‐D‐fructosyl)‐octreotide—SDZ CO‐611, N‐α‐(α‐D‐glucosyl(1–4)‐1‐deoxy‐D‐fructosyl)‐‐Throl—was studied. In rats SMS 201–995 showed a plasma elimination half‐life of 1.2 ± 0.2 hr; that of SDZ CO‐611 was 1.9 ± 0.3 hours. Within 120 min 66% of a mesenterically injected 4.4‐nmol dose of SMS 201–995 was excreted in bile, but only 5.3% of SDZ CO‐611 was excreted in bile. Biliary concentration of SMS 201–995 showed a maximum enrichment of 540‐fold ± 75‐fold over peripheral blood concentration, indicating hepatic transport mechanisms different from simple diffusion. Comparison of plasma profiles of both peptides after mesenteric and femoral administration demonstrated the relative importance of hepatic extraction for SMS 201–995 but not for SDZ CO‐611. The mode of extraction was studied by means of multiple‐indicator dilution in isolated perfused rat liver, with inulin as nonpermeable marker. Ratio plots, ln([inulin]/[peptide]) vs. time, exhibited decreasing slopes for SMS 201–995, suggesting very rapid binding to hepatocyte membranes. The slope of the ratio plot of (inulin/SDZ CO‐611) was almost zero even at low doses (down to 0.2 μg), implying mainly extracellular distribution and nonhepatic elimination. Binding assays indicated the absence of somatostatin receptors in sinusoidal hepatocyte membranes. However, SMS 201–995 and SDZ CO‐611 bound with high affinity to somatostatin receptors in rat cortical membranes. Multiple‐indicator dilution experiments in presence of increasing cholyltaurine concentrations suggested an interaction of SMS 201–995 with sinusoidal bile salt transport. In isolated hepatocytes, uptake of SMS 201–995 was saturable and showed mutual inhibition with cholyltaurine. The results indicate that SMS 201–995 transport is different from receptor mediated endocytosis as known for peptide hormones and elimination pathways of SDZ CO‐611 other than biliary excretion. (Hepatology 1994;20:191–200.)
The Effect of Danazol in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Aim: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of danazol therapy in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: The retrospective analysis included 319 patients with ITP who accepted danazol therapy. Patients accepted danazol alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all patients. Results: Among patients with persistent or chronic ITP, the overall response rate of danazol therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 patients reached remission with danazol alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 patients who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed patients with ITP, the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without danazol. However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in patients administered danazol combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the patients experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the patients discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. Conclusion: Low-to-medium dosage of danazol is better tolerated and effective in patients with ITP, even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of danazol and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.
Efficacy of prophylactic ketamine in preventing postoperative shivering.

BACKGROUND Treatment with ketamine and pethidine is effective in postoperative shivering. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose prophylactic ketamine with that of pethidine or placebo in preventing postoperative shivering. METHODS A prospective randomized double-blind study involved 90 ASA I and II patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to receive normal saline (Group S, n=30), pethidine 20 mg (Group P, n=30) or ketamine 0.5 mg kg(-1) (Group K, n=30) intravenously 20 min before completion of surgery. The anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg kg(-1), fentanyl 1 microg kg(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1). It was maintained with sevoflurane 2-4% and nitrous oxide 60% in oxygen. Tympanic temperature was measured immediately after induction of anaesthesia, 30 min after induction and before administration of the study drug. An investigator, blinded to the treatment group, graded postoperative shivering using a four-point scale and postoperative pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging between 0 and 10. RESULTS The three groups did not differ significantly regarding patient characteristics. The number of patients shivering on arrival in the recovery room, and at 10 and 20 min after operation were significantly less in Groups P and K than in Group S. The time to first analgesic requirement in Group S was shorter than in either Group K or Group P (P<0.005). There was no difference between the three groups regarding VAS pain scores. CONCLUSION Prophylactic low-dose ketamine was found to be effective in preventing postoperative shivering.
Assessing implicit learning with indirect tests: Determining what is learned about sequence structure.

These studies investigated the unconfounding of learning of simple frequency information from complex structure during sequenced serial reaction time (RT) trials. Experiment 1 demonstrated that disruptions in RTs that occur when Ss are transferred to random trials (e.g., A. Cohen, R. Ivry, & S. W. Keele, 1990) may result from a change in simple frequency information. The implication is that negative transfer effects cannot be attributed to the learning of complex information if simpler information is also allowed to vary between training and transfer trials. Experiment 2 used a procedure in which simple frequency information remained constant between training and transfer trials, which provided evidence of complex sequence structure learning while subjects were engaged in a secondary tone-counting task
Social Motor Coordination in Unaffected Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients: A Potential Intermediate Phenotype

Intermediate endophenotypes emerge as an important concept in the study of schizophrenia. Although research on phenotypes mainly investigated cognitive, metabolic or neurophysiological markers so far, some authors also examined the motor behavior anomalies as a potential trait-marker of the disease. However, no research has investigated social motor coordination despite the possible importance of its anomalies in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether coordination modifications previously demonstrated in schizophrenia are trait-markers that might be associated with the risk for this pathology. Interpersonal motor coordination in 27 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls was assessed using a hand-held pendulum task to examine the presence of interpersonal coordination impairments in individuals at risk for the disorder. Measures of neurologic soft signs, clinical variables and neurocognitive functions were collected to assess the cognitive and clinical correlates of social coordination impairments in at-risk relatives. After controlling for potential confounding variables, unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients had impaired intentional interpersonal coordination compared to healthy controls while unintentional interpersonal coordination was preserved. More specifically, in intentional coordination, the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients exhibited coordination patterns that had greater variability and in which relatives did not lead the coordination. These results show that unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients, like the patients themselves, also present deficits in intentional interpersonal coordination. For the first time, these results suggest that intentional interpersonal coordination impairments might be a potential motor intermediate endophenotype of schizophrenia opening new perspectives for early diagnosis.
Unravelling gender composition effects on rule-breaking at school: a focus on study attitudes

Previous research on consequences of schools' gender composition has mostly investigated students' socio-emotional well-being and achievement, while students' academic attitudes and behavioural outcomes – including school deviancy – have been studied less. Moreover, most studies compared single-sex and coeducational schools, and did not focus on the proportion of girls at school. Starting from reference group theory, we hypothesise that boys attending schools with a higher proportion of girls adopt the latter's positive study attitudes, rendering them less susceptible to disruptive behaviour. Conversely, girls in schools with more boys are expected to adopt the latter's negative study attitudes, consequently being more likely to misbehave. Multilevel analyses on data from the Flemish educational assessment, consisting of 5961 girls and 5638 boys in 81 schools, showed that both boys and girls valued studying more and were less likely to misbehave at school when proportionally more girls attended their school. Implications are discussed.
Immigration and Civic Participation in a Multiracial and Multiethnic Context 1

This article seeks to understand civic participation among Asians and Latinos in a multiethnic, multiracial context. We investigate the usefulness of an expanded model of civic engagement, one that makes central factors related to migration, such as length of residence, language acquisition, and citizenship, for groups that include a large number of immigrants. The 1992–1994 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality allows us to test a model of civic participation that incorporates variables previously neglected – migration-related factors, but also multiracial contexts and interracial ties – to better explain participation differences among a diverse population.
Bullying Girls – Changes after Brief Strategic Family Therapy: A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial with One-Year Follow-Up

Background: Many girls bully others. They are conspicuous because of their risk-taking behavior, increased anger, problematic interpersonal relationships and poor quality of life. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of brief strategic family therapy (BSFT) for bullying-related behavior, anger reduction, improvement of interpersonal relationships, and improvement of health-related quality of life in girls who bully, and to find out whether their expressive aggression correlates with their distinctive psychological features. Methods: 40 bullying girls were recruited from the general population: 20 were randomly selected for 3 months of BSFT. Follow-up took place 12 months after the therapy had ended. The results of treatment were examined using the Adolescents’ Risk-taking Behavior Scale (ARBS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-D), and the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: In comparison with the control group (CG) (according to the intent-to-treat principle), bullying behavior in the BSFT group was reduced (BSFT-G from n = 20 to n = 6; CG from n = 20 to n = 18, p = 0.05) and statistically significant changes in all risk-taking behaviors (ARBS), on most STAXI, IIP-D, and SF-36 scales were observed after BSFT. The reduction in expressive aggression (Anger-Out scale of the STAXI) correlated with the reduction on several scales of the ARBS, IIP-D, and SF-36. Follow-up a year later showed relatively stable events. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bullying girls suffer from psychological and social problems which may be reduced by the use of BSFT. Expressive aggression in girls appears to correlate with several types of risk-taking behavior and interpersonal problems, as well as with health-related quality of life.
The Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 Agonist WIN55212.2 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation In Vitro and Neuroprotection During the Cuprizone‐Induced Central Nervous System Demyelination

Different types of insults to the CNS lead to axon demyelination. Remyelination occurs when the CNS attempts to recover from myelin loss and requires the activation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. With the rationale that CB1 receptor is expressed in oligodendrocytes and marijuana consumption alters CNS myelination, we study the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212.2 in (1) an in vitro model of oligodendrocyte differentiation and (2) the cuprizone model for demyelination.
Automatically Tracing Dependability Requirements via Term-Based Relevance Feedback

In many critical industrial information systems, tracking a dependability requirement is instrumental to the verification and validation (V&V) of security, privacy, and other dependability concerns. Automated traceability tools employ information retrieval methods to recover candidate links, which saves much manual effort. Integrating relevance feedback (RF) could potentially improve the retrieval effectiveness by soliciting the relevance judgments on a subset of the retrieval results and then incorporating the feedback into subsequent retrieval. However, little is known about how to use RF to trace dependability requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel term-based RF algorithm that leverages the term usage context to recommend positive and negative feedback. Experiments on two software datasets show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the contemporary link-based RF tracing method. Our work not only contributes a new solution to dependability requirements’ V&V, but also enables further automation to reduce the manual effort in the development life cycle of dependable industrial systems.