Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher labor markets and teacher labor market research

The research on teacher labor markets is quite large and expanding; yet, as in most areas of education research, our knowledge is full of holes and only gets us a little ways towards identifying productive policy directions. As such, there is plenty of room for new research—describing labor market dynamics, developing and substantiating theories about the mechanisms driving the trends and relationships observed, developing instruments for measurement, and evaluating programs. This paper begins by providing an overview of what we know about teacher labor markets in the United States. It is not an exhaustive review of the literature, but rather a summary of the state of our knowledge with illustrative cites to findings in the literature. The final section identifies possible directions for new research. In doing so, it distinguishes supply-side and demand-side factors during four stages of a teacher’s career—pre-teaching, early-teaching, middle-teaching, and late-teaching.
Transcriptomic landscape of Pueraria lobata demonstrates potential for phytochemical study

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi has a long and broad application in the treatment of disease. However, in the US and EU, it is treated as a notorious weed. The information to be gained from decoding the deep transcriptome profile would facilitate further research on P. lobata. In this study, more than 93 million fastq format reads were generated by Illumina’s next-generation sequencing approach using five types of P. lobata tissue, followed by CLC de novo assembly methods, ultimately yielding about 83,041 contigs in total. Then BLASTx similarity searches against the NCBI NR database and UniProtKB database were conducted. Once the duplicates among BLASTx hits were eliminated, ID mapping against the UniProt database was conducted online to retrieve Gene Ontology information. In search of the putative genes relevant to essential biosynthesis pathways, all 1,348 unique enzyme commission numbers were used to map pathways against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Enzymes related to the isoflavonoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were focused for detailed investigation and subsequently, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was conducted for biological validation. Metabolites of interest, puerarin and daidzin were studied by HPLC. The findings in this report may serve as a footstone for further research into this promising medicinal plant.
The Economics of Fraudulent Accounting

We argue that earnings management and fraudulent accounting have important economic consequences. In a model where the costs of earnings management are endogenous, we show that in equilibrium, bad managers hire and invest too much in order to pool with the good managers. This behavior distorts the allocation of economic resources among firms. We test the predictions of the model using new historical and firm-level data. First, we show that periods of high stock market valuations are systematically followed by large increases in reported frauds. We then show that during periods of suspicious accounting, firms hire and invest excessively, while insiders exercise options and sell stocks. When the misreporting is detected, firms shed labor and capital and productivity improves. In the aggregate, our model seems able to account for periods of jobless and investment-less growth.
Radio Emission from an Ultraluminous X-ray Source

The physical nature of ultraluminous x-ray sources is uncertain. Stellar-mass black holes with beamed radiation and intermediate black holes with isotropic radiation are two plausible explanations. We discovered radio emission from an ultraluminous x-ray source in the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 5408. The x-ray, radio, and optical fluxes as well as the x-ray spectral shape are consistent with beamed relativistic jet emission from an accreting stellar black hole. If confirmed, this would suggest that the ultraluminous x-ray sources may be stellar-mass rather than intermediate-mass black holes. However, interpretation of the source as a jet-producing intermediate-mass black hole cannot be ruled out at this time.
Seeking regenerative work in the post‐bureaucratic transition

Purpose – This aim of the paper is to explore regenerative work supporting employees' personal development and, thus, sustainable coping capacity in the post‐bureaucratic transition.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive literature review was carried out to build a theoretical framework on regenerative work. Two case studies with an interpretative, action research approach provide empirical examples. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews and participative observations were carried out.Findings – The case studies indicate that the regenerative potential of work is threatened by the unbalanced nature of the post‐bureaucratic transition. Confined bureaucratic work is changing into more complex and boundaryless post‐bureaucratic work. However, organizational practices are still founded on the bureaucratic mentality emphasizing impersonality, pre‐planning, and rigid top‐down use of power. Post‐bureaucratic work realities exist in bureaucratic work organizations; the clashes between the two mentalities .
Distributed online leader selection in the bilateral teleoperation of multiple UAVs

For several applications like data collection, surveillance, search and rescue and exploration of wide areas, the use of a group of simple robots rather than a single complex robot has proven to be very effective and promising, and the problem of coordinating a group of agents has received a lot of attention over the last years. In this paper, we consider the challenge of establishing a bilateral force-feedback teleoperation channel between a human operator (the master side) and a remote multi-robot system (the slave side) where a special agent, the leader, is selected and directly controlled by the master. In particular, we study the problem of distributed online optimal leader selection, i.e., how to choose, and possibly change, the leader online in order to maximize some suitable criteria related to the tracking performance of the whole group w.r. t. the master commands. Human/hardware-in-the-loop simulation results with a group of UAVs support the theoretical claims of the paper.
Developmental Trends in Self‐regulation among Low‐income Toddlers

The attainment of self-regulatory skills during the toddler years is an understudied issue, especially among low-income children. The present study used growth modeling to examine the change over time and the final status in children's abilities to self-regulate, in a sample of 2,441 low-income children aged 14 to 36 months. Positive growth in their self-regulation occurred between 14 and 36 months, but individual variation was observed in both the growth rates and final status. Children who showed high degrees of negativity at 14, 24 and 36 months grew at slower rates than other children. Boys and children high in negativity had lower scores in self-regulation at 36 months than girls and children with low negativity, whereas higher quality mother–child interactions at 14 and 24 months were associated with better self-regulation at 36 months. The results suggest that some children may be at risk for developing problems in regulation because of mother–child interaction patterns and child characteristics such as high negativity.
PKMζ maintains 1‐day‐ and 6‐day‐old long‐term object location but not object identity memory in dorsal hippocampus

Continuous activity of the atypical protein kinase C isoform M zeta (PKMζ) is necessary for maintaining long‐term memory acquired in aversively or appetitively motivated associative learning tasks, such as active avoidance, aversive taste conditioning, auditory and contextual fear conditioning, radial arm maze, and watermaze. Whether unreinforced, nonassociative memory will also require PKMζ for long‐term maintenance is not known. Using recognition memory for object location and object identity, we found that inactivating PKMζ in dorsal hippocampus abolishes 1‐day and 6‐day‐old long‐term recognition memory for object location, while recognition memory for object identity was not affected by this treatment. Memory for object location persisted for no more than 35 days after training. These results suggest that the dorsal hippocampus mediates long‐term memory for where, but not what things have been encountered, and that PKMζ maintains this type of spatial knowledge as long as the memory exists. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Three Layers of Photoelectrode Thin Films with a Schottky Barrier

Problem statement: This study combines Au nanoparticles with TiO2 nanoparticles to form a Schottky barrier and applies it to the photoelectrode thin film of Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSCs). Approach: First, commercial TiO2 powder (Degussa P25) was put into the alkaline solution to prepare TiO nanotubes (Tnt) by a hydrothermal process. Tnt were sintered at 550° to obtain TntC550 particles and fabricated into a translucent sol by two hydrothermal treatments and baked at 180° to acquire H180 particles. H180 and TntC550 were spread into transparent polymer films by a doctor blade. H180 serves as the first layer and TntC550 the second, with both were sintered at 450°. The third layer uses hydrogen tetrachloroautate (HAuCl4) and trisodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) to prepare Au nanoparticles by salt reduction. Natural dyes of bougainvillea leaves for chlorophyll and blueberries for anthocyanin were employed in this study. Extracted chlorophyll and anthocyanin dyes were also blended in the proportion of 1: 1 as a mixed dye and these three different natural dyes were compared to compare their photoelectric conversion efficiencies. Electrolyte and counter electrode (Pt) were added to form the sandwich structure of DSSCs. After being sealed, DSSCs were tasted for fill factor, photoelectric conversion efficiency and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency. Results: Spherical Au nanoparticles around 27nm were adhered to the TntC550 make a film by self-assembly to complete the preparation of the third of photoelectrode thin film of DSSCs. Results from the experimental tests show that for the dye mixtures, photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs in this study can reach 0.75% with the VOC of 0.56 V and JSC of 2.93 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.47. Conclusion: It can be seen from the current density logarithm and voltage diagram that the prepared Au nanoparticles produce Schottky barriers on the surface of TiO2. Due to the Schottky barrier, electrons were unable to go back to the dye molecules or electrolyte, thus effectively enhancing the electronic conversion efficiency.
Digitally-Modulated OOK Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Massively-Scalable Gbps Transmitters

We present single-layer, direct digitally modulated, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) unit-cell (UC) designs at 12GHz. These UCs find application in low-power, gigabits per second (Gbps) ON-OFF Keying (OOK) modulators where each UC of the surface can be individually programmed using Gbps general purpose input-output (GPIO) lines. The key challenge is to realize a large shift in response from a small voltage change (the direct digital drive). We propose that transmission efficiency $\eta_{T}$ should be maximized and modulation depth $m$ should be greater than 20 dB.
Multi-robot tracking of a moving object using directional sensors

The problem of estimating and tracking the motion of a moving target by a team of mobile robots is studied in this paper. Each robot is assumed to have a directional sensor with limited range, thus more than one robot (sensor) is needed for solving the problem. A sensor fusion scheme based on inter-robot communication is proposed in order to obtain accurate real-time information of the target's position and motion. Accordingly a hierarchical control scheme is applied, in which a consecutive set of desired formations is planned through a discrete model and low-level continuous-time controls are executed to track the resulting references. The algorithm is illustrated through simulations and on an experimental platform.
Alternative polyadenylation variants of the RNA binding protein, HuR: abundance, role of AU-rich elements and auto-Regulation

The RNA-binding protein, HuR, is involved in the stabilization of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs with products that are involved in cell-cycle progression, cell differentiation and inflammation. We show that there are multiple polyadenylation variants of HuR mRNA that differ in their abundance, using both bioinformatics and experimental approaches. A polyadenylation variant with distal poly(A) signal is a rare transcript that harbors functional AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3′UTR. A minimal 60-nt region, but not a mutant form, fused to reporter-3′UTR constructs was able to downregulate the reporter activity. The most predominant and alternatively polyadenylated mature transcript does not contain the ARE. HuR itself binds HuR mRNA, and upregulated the activity of reporter from constructs fused with ARE-isoform and the HuR ARE. Wild-type tristetraprolin (TTP), but not the zinc finger mutant TTP, competes for HuR binding and upregulation of HuR mRNA. The study shows that the HuR gene codes for several polyadenylation variants differentially regulated by AU-rich elements, and demonstrates an auto-regulatory role of HuR.
The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Urban Secondary School Student Academic Achievement

A meta-analysis is undertaken, including 52 studies, to determine the influence of parental involvement on the educational outcomes of urban secondary school children. Statistical analyses are done to determine the overall impact of parental involvement as well as specific components of parental involvement. Four different measures of educational outcomes are used. These measures include an overall measure of all components of academic achievement combined, grades, standardized tests, and other measures that generally included teacher rating scales and indices of academic attitudes and behaviors. The possible differing effects of parental involvement by race and socioeconomic status are also examined. The results indicate that the influence of parental involvement overall is significant for secondary school children. Parental involvement as a whole affects all the academic variables under study by about . 5 to . 55 of a standard deviation unit. The positive effects of parental involvement hold for both White and minority children.
Depersonalization Experiences in Undergraduates Are Related to Heightened Stress Cortisol Responses

The relationship between dissociative tendencies, as measured with the Dissociative Experiences Scale and its amnesia, absorption/imaginative involvement, and depersonalization/derealization subscales, and HPA axis functioning was studied in 2 samples of undergraduate students (N = 58 and 67). Acute stress was induced by means of the Trier Social Stress Test. Subjective and physiological stress (i.e., cortisol) responses were measured. Individuals high on the depersonalization/derealization subscale of the Dissociative Experiences Scale exhibited more pronounced cortisol responses, while individuals high on the absorption subscale showed attenuated responses. Interestingly, subjective stress experiences, as indicated by the Tension-Anxiety subscale of the Profile of Mood States, were positively related to trait dissociation. The present findings illustrate how various types of dissociation (i.e., depersonalization/derealization, absorption) are differentially related to cortisol stress responses.
Transitive Relational Mappings in Three‐ and Four‐Year‐Olds: The Analogy of Goldilocks and the Three Bears

3 experiments examined the ability of a group of 3- and 4-year-old children to make transitive relational mappings based on size. In the first experiment, the children were asked to map relative size from 1 array of objects to another when the absolute sizes of the stimuli were either identical or different, and when the spatial positions of the relationally similar stimuli in each array were also either identical or different. In the second experiment, the concrete representation of size relations between the arrays was varied by asking the children to map relative size to relative proportion. In this cross-representational mapping task, the spatial position of the relationally similar stimuli was again either identical or different. In Experiment 3, the children were asked to map relative size to a variety of different perceptual dimensions including temperature, pitch, and loudness. This more abstract mapping task required the use of mentally represented transitive relations. Each experiment presented the mapping task using the analogy of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. The results are discussed in terms of theories of structure mapping and the development of logical reasoning.
The Utilization of Attitudes and Beliefs as Indicators of Future Smoking Behavior

The purpose of this study was to assess if the initial attitudes and beliefs of a behaviorally homogeneous group can be utilized as indicators of future smoking behavior. The students included were those seventh graders who classified themselves as never smokers on the initial survey in 1966 and who participated in all three surveys over the two year period. A total of 1228 females and 868 males met these criteria. This represented a 68 per cent retention rate over the study period. Data were treated by sex. In 1968 subjects classified themselves according to their present smoking behavior as either a smoker, ex-smoker or never smoker. Using these three groups, an analysis of variance technique was employed to assess if initial attitude-belief differences existed between the three subsequent behavioral groupings. For the original never smoker seventh grade females, initial attitude-belief mean difference scores were found on the pleasure and exemplar factors. Never smokers who remained never smokers exhibited more unfavorable attitudes and beliefs toward smoking than those who became smokers or ex-smokers. Significant differences for male data were found on the pleasure, influence, and health and disease factors. Again, initial never smokers who maintained their behavior exhibited more unfavorable attitudes and beliefs with regard to smoking than those who became smokers or ex-smokers. These results suggest that attitudes and beliefs of initial never smokers may serve as indicators of future behavior. It appears that items of an affective rather than a cognitive domain were more useful indicators. However, the complexity of the influencing factors of a smoking or non-smoking behavior is manifested, with the exception of the pleasure factor, by the existence of different factors being significant for different sexes at the same grade level.
The role of perceived control in explaining depressive symptoms associated with driving cessation in a longitudinal study.

PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to investigate the role of control beliefs in mediating the relationship between driving cessation and change in depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS We report results from a prospective, community-based cohort study that included two waves of data collected in 1992 and 1994. Participants consisted of 700 men and women aged 70 and older, including 647 drivers and 53 participants who ceased driving between baseline (1992) and follow-up (1994). Participants took part in interviews that included assessments of driving status, sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, sensory function, depressive symptoms (through the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale), and expectancy of control. Using multilevel general linear models, we examined the extent to which driving status, expectancy of control, and relevant covariates explained change in depressive-symptom scores between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Driving cessation was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. The higher depressive-symptom scores of ceased drivers relative to those of individuals who remained drivers at both waves was partly explained by a corresponding decrease in the sense of control among ceased drivers, and increased control beliefs among drivers. IMPLICATIONS Interventions aimed at promoting the maintenance of personal agency and associated control beliefs could be protective against the negative psychological concomitants of driving cessation.
Test Review: Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2)

The Children’s Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2) was published by Multi-Health Systems (MHS) to assess depressive symptoms in 7to 17-year-old children and adolescents. Evolving from the original CDI developed by Kovacs in 1977 and formally published by MHS in 1992, the CDI 2 was designed for youth to respond easily to the scales with three choices per item and items written at a low reading level. The CDI 2 contains two self-rated scales of a full-length (CDI 2: SR) and a short version (CDI 2: SR[S]) and two adult-rated scales of parent report (CDI 2: P) and teacher report (CDI 2: T). The time interval for rating each form of CDI 2 is the past 2 weeks. The CDI 2 tools can be used for both individual and group administration. The individual assessment of youth can offer clinicians auxiliary information for clinical diagnosis and therapy along with other sources. Group-based assessment can be employed for screening to identify what proportion of students need subsequent evaluation and support. Given the importance of early diagnosis and treatment (Kovacs & Devlin, 1998), the CDI 2 can assist professionals to pinpoint critical depressive symptoms a child may experience. Parent and teacher forms facilitate inclusive assessment of children’s affective disorders and dysfunctions through multiple viewpoints.
Genetic variations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway are associated with clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.

PURPOSE The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in resistance to several chemotherapeutic agents. In this retrospective study, we determined whether common genetic variations in this pathway are associated with clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma who have undergone chemoradiotherapy and surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, AKT2, and FRAP1 (encoding mTOR) were genotyped in these patients and analyzed for associations with response to therapy, survival, and recurrence. RESULTS We observed an increased recurrence risk with genetic variations in AKT1 and AKT2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.60; and HR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.64 to 6.66, respectively). This effect was magnified with an increasing number of AKT adverse genotypes. In contrast, a predictable protective effect by PTEN genetic variants on recurrence was evident. Survival tree analysis identified higher-order interactions that resulted in variation in recurrence-free survival from 12 to 42 months, depending on the combination of SNPs. Genetic variations in AKT1, AKT2, and FRAP1 were associated with survival. Patients homozygous for either of the FRAP1 SNPs assayed had a more than three-fold increased risk of death. Two genes--AKT2 and FRAP1--were associated with a poor treatment response, while a better response was associated with heterozygosity for AKT1:rs3803304 (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.99). CONCLUSION These results suggest that common genetic variations in this pathway modulate clinical outcomes in patients who undergo chemoradiotherapy. With further validation, these results may be used to build a model of individualized therapy for the selection of the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen.