Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the nature of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies

Background Dispensing errors are common in hospital pharmacies. Investigating dispensing errors is important for identifying the factors involved and developing strategies to reduce their occurrence. Objectives To review published studies exploring the incidence and types of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies and factors contributing to these errors. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2000 and January 2015. Inclusion criteria were: studies published in English, and studies investigating type, incidence and factors contributing to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies. One researcher searched for all relevant published articles, screened all titles and abstracts, and obtained complete articles. A second researcher assessed the titles, abstracts, and complete articles to verify the reliability of the selected articles. Key findings Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria all of which were conducted in just four countries. Reviewing incident reports and direct observation were the main methods used to investigate dispensing errors. Dispensing error rates varied between countries (0.015%–33.5%) depending on the dispensing system, research method, and classification of dispensing error types. The most frequent dispensing errors reported were dispensing the wrong medicine, dispensing the wrong drug strength, and dispensing the wrong dosage form. The most common factors associated with dispensing errors were: high workload, low staffing, mix-up of look-alike/ sound-alike drugs, lack of knowledge/experience, distractions/interruptions, and communication problems within the dispensary team. Conclusion Studies relating to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies are few in number and have been conducted in just four countries. The majority of these studies focused on the investigation of dispensing error types with no mention of contributing factors or strategies for reducing dispensing errors. Others studies are thus needed to investigate dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies, and a combined approach is recommended to investigate contributing factors associated with dispensing errors and explore strategies for reducing these errors.
EDA-RL: estimation of distribution algorithms for reinforcement learning problems

By making use of probabilistic models, (EDAs) can outperform conventional evolutionary computations. In this paper, EDAs are extended to solve reinforcement learning problems which arise naturally in a framework for autonomous agents. In reinforcement learning problems, we have to find out better policies of agents such that the rewards for agents in the future are increased. In general, such a policy can be represented by conditional probabilities of the agents' actions, given the perceptual inputs. In order to estimate such a conditional probability distribution, Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) by Lafferty et al. is newly introduced into EDAs in this paper. The reason for adopting CRFs is that CRFs are able to learn conditional probabilistic distributions from a large amount of input-output data, i.e., episodes in the case of reinforcement learning problems. On the other hand, conventional reinforcement learning algorithms can only learn incrementally. Computer simulations of Probabilistic Transition Problems and Perceptual Aliasing Maze Problems show the effectiveness of EDA-RL.
The effects of acoustic similarity on memory in children: A comparison between visual and auditory presentation

Children from 4 to 10 years old were presented with a serial recall task with pictures of common objects which had acoustically similar or dissimilar names, or with the spoken names of the pictures. Children of all ages showed consistently better recall of the pictures with dissimilar names. It is concluded, in contrast to some earlier studies, that children as young as 4 years are able to utilize a speech code as a means of memorizing pictures. With auditory presentation as in previous studies acoustic similarity had progressively more effect on recall with increasing age. The implications of these finding for current theories of short-term memory and its development are discussed.
Functional comparison of the three isoforms of the Na 1 / Ca 2 1 exchanger ( NCX 1 , NCX 2 , NCX 3 )

Linck, Bettina, Zhiyong Qiu, Zhaoping He, Qiusheng Tong, Donald W. Hilgemann, and Kenneth D. Philipson. Functional comparison of the three isoforms of the Na1/Ca21 exchanger (NCX1, NCX2, NCX3). Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C415–C423, 1998. —Three distinct mammalian Na1/Ca21 exchangers have been cloned: NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3. We have undertaken a detailed functional comparison of these three exchangers. Each exchanger was stably expressed at high levels in the plasma membranes of BHK cells. Na1/Ca21 exchange activity was assessed using three different complementary techniques: Na1 gradient-dependent 45Ca21 uptake into intact cells, Na1 gradient-dependent 45Ca21 uptake into membrane vesicles isolated from the transfected cells, and exchange currents measured using giant patches of excised cell membrane. Apparent affinities for the transported ions Na1 and Ca21 were markedly similar for the three exchangers at both membrane surfaces. Likewise, generally similar responses to changes in pH, chymotrypsin treatment, and application of various inhibitors were obtained. Depletion of cellular ATP inhibited NCX1 and NCX2 but did not affect the activity of NCX3. Exchange activities of NCX1 and NCX3 were modestly increased by agents that activate protein kinases A and C. All exchangers were regulated by intracellular Ca21. NCX1-induced exchange currents were especially large in excised patches and, like the native myocardial exchanger, were stimulated by ATP. Results may be influenced by our choice of expression system and specific splice variants, but, overall, the three exchangers appear to have very similar properties.
Social Exclusion, Poverty, Health and Social Care in Tower Hamlets: The Perspectives of Families on the Impact of the Family Support Service

Summary This paper describes the work of the Family Welfare Association's (FWA's) Tower Flam lets Family Support Services projects (FSSs). Tower Flamlets is a multiracial area in East London, which according to the 1991 census has high levels of poverty, overcrowding and unemployment. Increasing poverty and social exclusion, which further entrench inequalities in health, are reported by sources such as Government, health and social services departments as requiring innovative local responses to meet pressing welfare needs. Innovative projects are especially urgent with vulnerable families whose experi ences of racism, bullying, mental health difficulties, domestic violence and child abuse are the rule rather than the exception. In common with other initiatives in the United Kingdom and abroad, the FSS aims to be non-stigmatizing, non-intrusive and respons ive to the ethnicity, views and specific needs of families. The paper focuses on the FSS's
Predicting Aerobic Exercise Participation: Social Cognitive, Reasoned Action, and Planned Behavior Models

This study explored the utility of reasoned action, planned behavior, and social cognitive models in explaining aerobic exercise intentions and behavior. Two hundred eighty-four college students completed measures of each model's central predictor variables, as well as indices of prior exercise frequency and future exercise intentions and behavior. Findings indicate that the reasoned action and social cognitive models are each significantly predictive of future exercise intention and behavior. The planned behavior model did not improve over the theory of reasoned action in predictive analyses. The effects of prior exercise activity on future exercise behavior are also partially mediated by variables from the reasoned action and social cognitive models. Implications for further research on theories of exercise behavior are discussed.
Relationships Between Work Life Quality Of Teachers With Work Commitment, Stress And Satisfaction: A Study In Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

This study examined the relationships between quality of work life and work commitment, work stress and work satisfaction. This study also investigated the differences in work life quality, work commitment, work stress and work satisfaction based on demographic variables and the relationships amongst the variables. Questionnaire data was collected from a cross–sectional survey administered to 110 permanent teachers at a government secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Findings in this study showed that the respondents only had moderate work life quality. There were also moderate relationships between work life quality and work commitment, stress, and satisfaction but there were no differences in the quality of work life based on demographic variables. However there were differences in work commitment based on gender. This research also revealed that there were also no differences in work stress and satisfaction based on the same demographic variables. Similarly, the findings suggested that work commitment, work stress and satisfaction were not significantly correlated. Work life quality of teachers could still be improved to ensure that students gain maximum benefits from teaching and learning practices in the classrooms. Kata kunci: Work life quality; work commitment; work stress; work satisfaction This study examined the relationships between quality of work life and work commitment, work stress and work satisfaction. This study also investigated the differences in work life quality, work commitment, work stress and work satisfaction based on demographic variables and the relationships amongst the variables. Questionnaire data was collected from a cross–sectional survey administered to 110 permanent teachers at a government secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Findings in this study showed that the respondents only had moderate work life quality. There were also moderate relationships between work life quality and work commitment, stress, and satisfaction but there were no differences in the quality of work life based on demographic variables. However there were differences in work commitment based on gender. This research also revealed that there were also no differences in work stress and satisfaction based on the same demographic variables. Similarly, the findings suggested that work commitment, work stress and satisfaction were not significantly correlated. Work life quality of teachers could still be improved to ensure that students gain maximum benefits from teaching and learning practices in the classrooms. Key words: Work life quality; work commitment; work stress; work satisfaction
The Future Gaze: City Panoramas as Politico-Emotive Geographies

In this article, we show how the abstract city — media representations of city panoramas and the factual physical silhouette standing in for the city itself in the distance — is constituted as an emotive geography and how the production of such vistas is a political project, whose aim is to activate a future gaze . Through analysing two cities — Montreal in 1967 and contemporary Shanghai — we demonstrate how the mediatized production of urban panoramas sustains a sense of futurity through two (overlapping) forms: the conjunctional and the hyper-representational. We argue that together these panoramas invite an emotive future gaze which, through the combination of practical enactment, haptic movement in the city and political vision, constitutes an ideological force of modern urbanism. By introducing the conceptual framework of encapsulation/decapsulation, we propose a way of deepening the understanding of the symbolic and emotional negotiations involved in the production of spectacular city landscapes.
A New Temperature-Vegetation Triangle Algorithm with Variable Edges (TAVE) for Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation

The estimation of spatially-variable actual evapotranspiration (AET) is a critical challenge to regional water resources management. We propose a new remote sensing method, the Triangle Algorithm with Variable Edges (TAVE), to generate daily AET estimates based on satellite-derived land surface temperature and the vegetation index NDVI. The TAVE captures heterogeneity in AET across elevation zones and permits variability in determining local values of wet and dry end-member classes (known as edges). Compared to traditional triangle methods, TAVE introduces three unique features: (i) the discretization of the domain as overlapping elevation zones; (ii) a variable wet edge that is a function of elevation zone; and (iii) variable values of a combined-effect parameter (that accounts for aerodynamic and surface resistance, vapor pressure gradient, and soil moisture availability) along both wet and dry edges. With these features, TAVE effectively addresses the combined influence of terrain and water stress on semi-arid environment AET estimates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in one of the driest countries in the world—Jordan, and compare it to a traditional triangle method (TA) and a global AET product (MOD16) over different land use types. In irrigated agricultural lands, TAVE matched the results of the single crop coefficient model (−3%), in contrast to substantial overestimation by TA (+234%) and underestimation by MOD16 (−50%). In forested (non-irrigated, water consuming) regions, TA and MOD16 produced AET average deviations 15.5 times and −3.5 times of those based on TAVE. As TAVE has a simple structure and low data requirements, it provides an efficient means to satisfy the increasing need for evapotranspiration estimation in data-scarce semi-arid regions. This study constitutes a much needed step towards the satellite-based quantification of agricultural water consumption in Jordan.
Compassion, power and organization

In this paper, we analyse the significance of compassion as an emotion in its relationship to various manifestations of power within the organisational context. We critique those theories of compassion that assume that compassion in organsational contexts is motivated only by a noble intent. The paper draws on a study of organisational responses to the flood that devastated the City of Brisbane Australia on the morning of 11 January 2011. We use a framework of ‘circuits of power’ to provide a triple focus on interpersonal, organisational and societal uses of power together with a model of coercive, instrumental and normative organisational power. We present our findings in a framework constructed by overlapping these frameworks. The unique contribution of this paper is to provide a conceptualisation of organisational compassion enmeshed with various modes of power exercised in and by organisations.
Mitochondria segmentation in electron microscopy volumes using deep convolutional neural network

Mitochondria are organelles that play an important role in the cell's life cycle as the energy generating units. State-of-the-art imaging modalities, such as electron microscopy, allow researchers to study tissues, cells and sub-cellular organelles at high resolution. Recently, various works address the problem of segmenting mitochondria in electron microscopy images. Manual segmentation of mitochondria is difficult and may not have high accuracy as automatic segmentation can yield. In this paper, we present a deep convolutional neural network approach for automatic segmentation of mitochondria in brain tissue, specifically the CA1 hippocampus region imaged by an focusedion beam scanning electron microscope. The performance of the proposed method has been quantitatively evaluated. According to our experiments, deep convolutional neural network is a suitable solution for mitochondria segmentation. Results have been compared with previous studies that segment the mitochondria on CA1 Hippocampus Dataset. The proposed deep learning system produces promising results for segmentation of electron microscopy images.
Unpacking the theory on ambidexterity: An illustrative case on the managerial architectures, mechanisms and dynamics

Research on ambidexterity has been focused primarily at the organisational level. There is little in the literature detailing ambidexterity in more complex forms of organising. While much is written on the ‘what’ of ambidexterity – its enactment has been shown to be beneficial – there is a gap in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, architectures and dynamics by which organisations can achieve both exploration and exploitation. In this article, we use the lens of intellectual capital to extend current architectural theory. A case study of a project management office in an IT/IS multinational provides the context in which to qualitatively unpack the underpinning intellectual capital architecture, illustrating the interwoven application of human, social and organisational capital in a complicated organisational setting. We reveal the co-existence and mutual interdependence of multiple intellectual capital and process elements, further explaining the ‘how’ of this increasingly important area of study.
Getting patients in the door: medical appointment reminder preferences

Purpose Between 23% and 34% of outpatient appointments are missed annually. Patients who frequently miss medical appointments have poorer health outcomes and are less likely to use preventive health care services. Missed appointments result in unnecessary costs and organizational inefficiencies. Appointment reminders may help reduce missed appointments; particular types may be more effective than other types. We used a survey with a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to learn why individuals miss appointments and to assess appointment reminder preferences. Methods We enrolled a national sample of adults from an online survey panel to complete demographic and appointment habit questions as well as a 16-task DCE designed in Sawtooth Software’s Discover tool. We assessed preferences for four reminder attributes – initial reminder type, arrival of initial reminder, reminder content, and number of reminders. We derived utilities and importance scores. Results We surveyed 251 adults nationally, with a mean age of 43 (range 18–83) years: 51% female, 84% White, and 8% African American. Twenty-three percent of individuals missed one or more appointments in the past 12 months. Two primary reasons given for missing an appointment include transportation problems (28%) and forgetfulness (26%). Participants indicated the initial reminder type (21%) was the most important attribute, followed by the number of reminders (10%). Overall, individuals indicated a preference for a single reminder, arriving via email, phone call, or text message, delivered less than 2 weeks prior to an appointment. Preferences for reminder content were less clear. Conclusion The number of missed appointments and reasons for missing appointments are consistent with prior research. Patient-centered appointment reminders may improve appointment attendance by addressing some of the reasons individuals report missing appointments and by meeting patients’ needs. Future research is necessary to determine if preferred reminders used in practice will result in improved appointment attendance in clinical settings.
Cognitive Modifiability in Adolescence: Cognitive Structure and the Effects of Intervention

A theory of cognitive modifiability deals with the phenomenon of low cognitive performance, explains its etiology, and forms the basis for a remedial intervention — Instrumental Enrichment (IE) — that induces changes of a structural nature. In contrast to learning by direct exposure to the environment, Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) occurs when a mediator interposes him/herself between the learner and the environment and interprets the world to the learner. The direct, or proximal, etiology of low performance is lack of MLE. IE is intended as a phase-specific substitute for MLE, and its major goal is to enhance cognitive modifiability by sensitizing the learner to formal and informal sources of learning and experience. The IE intervention program is briefly outlined, and empirical support for its efficacy is presented.
Inequality and Group Participation: Theory and Evidence from Rural Tanzania

This paper investigates the determinants of group membership, and in particular the effect of income inequality on individual incentives to join economic groups. Drawing on a simple model, we show that an increase in inequality has an ambiguous effect and that the type of access rule (open versus restricted access) is key in determining what income categories are represented in the group. Furthermore, the shape of the income distribution can be crucial to determine whether increased inequality leads to more or less group participation. Using survey data from rural Tanzania we find that inequality at the village level has a negative impact on the likelihood that the respondents are members of any group. This effect is particularly significant for relatively wealthier people, both when relative wealth is 'objectively' measured, and when it is 'subjectively' defined. However, when we disaggregate groups by type of access rule, we find that inequality decreases participation in open access groups when there are wide disparities at the bottom of the distribution, while it increases participation in restricted access groups when the disparities are around the middle and top part of the distribution. Finally, we assess the impact of inequality on various dimensions of group functioning.
A research report on the reception of the 2005 Religious Observance Guidelines in Scotland

This article gives a brief overview of the place of religious observance (RO) within Scotland’s non-denominational state school sector, and the background to recent changes in educational thinking and government policy which led to new guidelines being introduced in 2005. The article reports on a study conducted in 2008 into the reception of the new RO guidelines and their implementation within three primary schools and one secondary school in a local authority area, together with empirical data from each of the four case studies and interview extracts from head teachers, RO practitioners and pupils. The article then highlights some problems arising from the new guidelines and suggests some areas for future empirical research.
Critical performativity: The unfinished business of critical management studies

We argue that critical management studies (CMS) should be conceptualized as a profoundly performative project. The central task of CMS should be to actively and pragmatically intervene in specific debates about management and encourage progressive forms of management. This involves CMS becoming affirmative, caring, pragmatic, potential focused, and normative. To do this, we suggest a range of tactics including affirming ambiguity, working with mysteries, applied communicative action, exploring heterotopias and engaging micro-emancipations.