Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous IR‐Spectroscopic Observation of α‐Synuclein, Lipids, and Solvent Reveals an Alternative Membrane‐Induced Oligomerization Pathway

The intrinsically disordered protein α‐synuclein (αS), a known pathogenic factor for Parkinson's disease, can adopt defined secondary structures when interacting with membranes or during fibrillation. The αS–lipid interaction and the implications of this process for aggregation and damage to membranes are still poorly understood. Therefore, we established a label‐free infrared (IR) spectroscopic approach to allow simultaneous monitoring of αS conformation and membrane integrity. IR showed its unique sensitivity for identifying distinct β‐structured aggregates. A comparative study of wild‐type αS and the naturally occurring splicing variant αS Δexon3 yielded new insights into the membrane's capability for altering aggregation pathways.
Cost-effective printing of 3D objects with skin-frame structures

3D printers have become popular in recent years and enable fabrication of custom objects for home users. However, the cost of the material used in printing remains high. In this paper, we present an automatic solution to design a skin-frame structure for the purpose of reducing the material cost in printing a given 3D object. The frame structure is designed by an optimization scheme which significantly reduces material volume and is guaranteed to be physically stable, geometrically approximate, and printable. Furthermore, the number of struts is minimized by solving an l0 sparsity optimization. We formulate it as a multi-objective programming problem and an iterative extension of the preemptive algorithm is developed to find a compromise solution. We demonstrate the applicability and practicability of our solution by printing various objects using both powder-type and extrusion-type 3D printers. Our method is shown to be more cost-effective than previous works.
Interactions of spatial strategies producing generalization gradient and blocking: A computational approach

We present a computational model of spatial navigation comprising different learning mechanisms in mammals, i.e., associative, cognitive mapping and parallel systems. This model is able to reproduce a large number of experimental results in different variants of the Morris water maze task, including standard associative phenomena (spatial generalization gradient and blocking), as well as navigation based on cognitive mapping. Furthermore, we show that competitive and cooperative patterns between different navigation strategies in the model allow to explain previous apparently contradictory results supporting either associative or cognitive mechanisms for spatial learning. The key computational mechanism to reconcile experimental results showing different influences of distal and proximal cues on the behavior, different learning times, and different abilities of individuals to alternatively perform spatial and response strategies, relies in the dynamic coordination of navigation strategies, whose performance is evaluated online with a common currency through a modular approach. We provide a set of concrete experimental predictions to further test the computational model. Overall, this computational work sheds new light on inter-individual differences in navigation learning, and provides a formal and mechanistic approach to test various theories of spatial cognition in mammals.
Military- and sports-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical presentation, management, and long-term consequences.

180 J Clin Psychiatry 74:2, February 2013 CME Background Articles are selected for credit designation based on an assessment of the educational needs of CME participants, with the purpose of providing readers with a curriculum of CME articles on a variety of topics throughout each volume. Activities are planned using a process that links identified needs with desired results. Participants may receive credit by reading the article, correctly answering at least 70% of the questions in the Posttest, and completing the Evaluation. The Posttest and Evaluation are now available online only at PSYCHIATRIST.COM (Keyword: February).
Viral chimeras decrypt the role of enterovirus capsid proteins in viral tropism, acid sensitivity and optimal growth temperature

Despite their genetic similarities, enteric and respiratory enteroviruses (EVs) have highly heterogeneous biophysical properties and cause a vast diversity of human pathologies. In vitro differences include acid sensitivity, optimal growth temperature and tissue tropism, which reflect a preferential in vivo replication in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and are thus key determinants of EV virulence. To investigate the underlying cause of these differences, we generated chimeras at the capsid-level between EV-D68 (a respiratory EV) and EV-D94 (an enteric EV). Although some chimeras were nonfunctional, EV-D94 with both the capsid and 2A protease or the capsid only of EV-D68 were both viable. Using this latter construct, we performed several functional assays, which indicated that capsid proteins determine acid sensitivity and tropism in cell lines and in respiratory, intestinal and neural tissues. Additionally, capsid genes were shown to also participate in determining the optimal growth temperature, since EV-D94 temperature adaptation relied on single mutations in VP1, while constructs with EV-D68 capsid could not adapt to higher temperatures. Finally, we demonstrate that EV-D68 maintains residual binding-capacity after acid-treatment despite a loss of infectivity. In contrast, non-structural rather than capsid proteins modulate the innate immune response in tissues. These unique biophysical insights expose another layer in the phenotypic diversity of one of world’s most prevalent pathogens and could aid target selection for vaccine or antiviral development.
Ultra‐Light and Scalable Composite Lattice Materials

Architected lattice materials are some of the stiffest and strongest materials at ultra‐light density (<10 mg cm−3), but scalable manufacturing with high‐performance constituent materials remains a challenge that limits their widespread adoption in load‐bearing applications. We show mesoscale, ultra‐light (5.8 mg cm−3) fiber‐reinforced polymer composite lattice structures that are reversibly assembled from building blocks manufactured with a best‐practice high‐precision, high‐repeatability, and high‐throughput process: injection molding. Chopped glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (polyetherimide) lattice materials produced with this method display absolute stiffness (8.41 MPa) and strength (19 kPa) typically associated with metallic hollow strut microlattices at similar mass density. Additional benefits such as strain recovery, discrete damage repair with recovery of original stiffness and strength, and ease of modeling are demonstrated.
Movement and habitat use of Australia's largest snake‐necked turtle: implications for water management

Hydrological regimes strongly influence ecological processes in river basins. Yet, the impacts of management regimes are unknown for many freshwater taxa in highly regulated rivers. We used radio-telemetry to monitor the movement and activity of broad-shelled river turtles Chelodina expansa to infer the impact of current water management practices on turtles in Australia's most regulated river – the Murray River. We radio-tracked C. expansa to (1) measure the range span and examine the effect of sex, size and habitat type on turtle movement, and (2) examine habitat use within the river channel and its associated backwaters. C. expansa occupied all macro habitats in the river (main channel, backwater, swamp and connecting inlets). Within these habitats, females occupied discrete home ranges, whereas males moved up to 25 km. The extensive movement of male turtles suggests that weirs and other aquatic barriers may interfere with movement and dispersal. Turtles regularly move between backwaters and the main river channel, which highlights the likely disturbance from backwater detachment, a water saving practice in the lower Murray River.
A Review on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Blends in a Diesel Engine With Varying Injection Pressures

Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation have led to uncontrolled emissions leading to extensive damage to the environment. The need to investigate alternative fuels which are less polluting is profound today. Alternative technologies like battery driven vehicles, solar cars are not yet feasible for mass production. The need of the hour is further optimisation of available parameters like biodiesel blends, Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP). Biodiesels can be used in completely pure form or blended with diesel for use. It also provides for easy storage and use. Significant reduction in emissions of unburnt HCs, PM and CO. The review paper focusses on the effect of biodiesel blends and varying FIPs in diesel engines and their impact on the performance characteristics and emissions of the engine.
Using Kalman Filter to Extract and Test for Common Stochastic Trends 1

This paper considers a state space model with integrated latent variables. The model provides an efiective framework to specify, test and extract common stochastic trends for a set of integrated time series. The model can be readily estimated by the standard Kalman fllter, whose asymptotics are fully developed in the paper. In particular, we establish the consistency and asymptotic mixed normality of the maximum likelihood estimator, and therefore, validate the use of conventional methods of inference for our model. Moreover, we construct a trace statistic, which can be used to determine the number of common stochastic trends in a system of integrated time series. It is shown that the limit distribution of the statistic is standard normal. The test is very simple to implement in practical applications. Our simulation study shows that it behaves quite well in flnite samples. For an illustration, we apply our methodology to analyze the common stochastic trend in various default-free interest rates with difierent maturities.
Word Frequency Effects in L2 Speakers: An ERP Study

The brain’s neural responses to words of different frequencies provide information on lexical organization and the cognitive processes involved in word identification and retrieval of meaning. Monolingual research has shown that exposure to high frequency words yields less cognitive difficulty than low frequency words as demonstrated by smaller N400 waves within even-related potential (ERP) methodology. The purpose of the present study was to compare frequency effects in adult native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers of English during a sentence reading task embedded with high and low frequency word-pairs. Both L1 and L2 groups produced N400 waves of larger amplitudes for high frequency words compared to low frequency words that peaked around the 400 ms time mark. Group comparison found no significant difference in N400 wave amplitude and peak latency between both groups. The results are discussed with respect to theories of L2 word learning and lexical organization.
Significant association with location of central venous line placement and risk of venous thrombosis in children

Summary Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in children are frequently associated with central venous lines (CVL). Identifying risk factors related to CVL management could potentially minimize CVL-related thrombotic complications. The objectives of the study were to assess whether CVL location, type, size, and duration of placement are associated with the incidence of VTE in children. The study was a prospective, multicentre cohort study in a general pediatric population requiring CVL. Data on CVL characteristics were documented prospectively using standardized case report forms. Outcome assessments were by i) clinical monitoring for symptomatic VTE which were confirmed by appropriate objective test, or ii) screening by venography at study exit. Among 158 children, 21 (13%) hadVTE. The incidence of VTE was increased with femoral CVL (32%) and subclavian CVL (27%) compared to brachial CVL (12%) and jugular CVL (8%;p=0.01). The incidence ofVTE was independent of CVL type (peripherally inserted central catheters, untunneled CVL, tunneled exteriorized CVL, subcutaneous ports; p=0.90), and CVL size (CVL diameter, p=0.42; number of CVL lumen, p=0.58). The incidence of VTE did not increase with duration of CVL placement: 0–5 days (17% VTE), 6–20 days (19%), 21–35 days (10%), and 36–50 days (11%,p=0.68). The incidence of CVL-relatedVTE may be reduced by preferred placement of CVL in brachial or jugular veins. The choice of CVL type and size does not significantly influence the risk of VTE. Short-term CVL are associated with a similar risk of VTE as longer-term CVL.
Spatio-temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network: A Deep Learning Framework for Traffic Forecasting

Timely accurate traffic forecast is crucial for urban traffic control and guidance. Due to the high nonlinearity and complexity of traffic flow, traditional methods cannot satisfy the requirements of mid-and-long term prediction tasks and often neglect spatial and temporal dependencies. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework, Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCN), to tackle the time series prediction problem in traffic domain. Instead of applying regular convolutional and recurrent units, we formulate the problem on graphs and build the model with complete convolutional structures, which enable much faster training speed with fewer parameters. Experiments show that our model STGCN effectively captures comprehensive spatio-temporal correlations through modeling multi-scale traffic networks and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on various real-world traffic datasets.
Contemporary Marketing Practices research program: a review of the first decade

Purpose – The objective of the Contemporary Marketing Practices (CMP) research program is to develop an understanding of how firms relate to their markets in a manner that integrates both traditional and more modern views of marketing, and incorporates an understanding of both the antecedents and consequences of different practices. This paper aims to review its first decade.Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a theoretical approach. It reviews the history of CMP research and its outcomes. The assessment concludes with a discussion of the program's contribution to marketing knowledge and some issues and challenges for future research.Findings – Now a decade old, the CMP research program has undertaken research in over 15 countries. The study finds that it has made a unique contribution to marketing knowledge by bridging the gap between theory and practice.Originality/value – By adopting a multi‐paradigm philosophy and a multi‐method approach, a broad perspective has been achieved that integrate.
Crowdsourcing: A Snapshot of Published Research

Crowdsourcing, originally defined as “taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined, generally large group of people in an open call,” is a distributed, collaborative, crossorganizational process seeing increased use among practitioners. As such, crowdsourcing presents great opportunities for information systems (IS) and business-related research. This paper presents preliminary findings from a foundational literature review of published crowdsourcing research from 2006 onward. We identify what crowdsourcing research is going on, where it is going on, and its foci. Our findings document increasing research interest in crowdsourcing and identify the primary publication outlets and home countries of authors involved in that research. Finally, we present a keyword analysis for identified articles, and relate those keywords to a preliminary framework describing crowdsourcing. These findings provide a good summary of current crowdsourcing research, and will help guide researchers interested in further crowdsourcing study.
Spatiotemporal quantification of cell dynamics in the lung following influenza virus infection

Abstract. Lung injury caused by influenza virus infection is widespread. Understanding lung damage and repair progression post infection requires quantitative spatiotemporal information on various cell types mapping into the tissue structure. Based on high content images acquired from an automatic slide scanner, we have developed algorithms to quantify cell infiltration in the lung, loss and recovery of Clara cells in the damaged bronchioles and alveolar type II cells (AT2s) in the damaged alveolar areas, and induction of pro-surfactant protein C (pro-SPC)-expressing bronchiolar epithelial cells (SBECs). These quantitative analyses reveal: prolonged immune cell infiltration into the lung that persisted long after the influenza virus was cleared and paralleled with Clara cell recovery; more rapid loss and recovery of Clara cells as compared to AT2s; and two stages of SBECs from Scgb1a1+ to Scgb1a1−. These results provide evidence supporting a new mechanism of alveolar repair where Clara cells give rise to AT2s through the SBEC intermediates and shed light on the understanding of the lung damage and repair process. The approach and algorithms in quantifying cell-level changes in the tissue context (cell-based tissue informatics) to gain mechanistic insights into the damage and repair process can be expanded and adapted in studying other disease models.
Patwardhan Adjuvants in Cancer Therapy Effect of Botanical Immunomodulators on Human CYP 3 A 4 Inhibition : Implications for Concurrent Use as

Purpose. Many botanical immunomodulators are used as adjuvants along with cancer chemotherapy. However, information on the impact of concurrent administration of such botanicals on pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy agents is inadequate. This study investigates inhibitory activities of 3 popular botanical adjuvants: Asparagus racemosus (root aqueous extract; ARE), Withania somnifera (root aqueous extract; WSE), and Tinospora cordifolia (stem aqueous extract, TCE) on human CYP3A4 isoenzyme, responsible for metabolism of several chemotherapy agents. Experimental design. Testosterone 6-β hydroxylation was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography as an indicator of CYP3A4 catalytic activities. Ketoconazole (positive control) and extracts were studied at their in vivo–relevant concentrations. Results. TCE showed mild inhibition while no significant inhibitory activities were observed in WSE and ARE. TCE was further fractionated to obtain polar and nonpolar fractions. The nonpolar fraction showed significant CYP3A4 inhibition with IC 50 13.06 ± 1.38 μg/mL. Major constituents of nonpolar fraction were identified using HPLC-DAD-MS profiling as berberine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine, which showed IC 50 values as 6.25 ± 0.30, 15.18 ± 1.59, and 15.53 ± 1.89 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that constituents of TCE extract especially protoberberine alkaloids have the potential to interact with cancer chemotherapy agents that are metabolized by CYP3A4 in vivo.
Identification of NF‐jun, a novel inducible transcription factor that regulates c‐jun gene transcription.

In this study we report the identification of a novel transcription factor, termed Nuclear Factor‐jun (NF‐jun). This factor contributes to inducible transcription of the c‐jun gene in human myeloid leukemia cells. NF‐jun was, however, undetectable in nuclear proteins from human monocytes, granulocytes, resting T lymphocytes and lung fibroblasts. NF‐jun shares several features with the well characterized NF‐kappa B in that binding activity can be generated in cytosolic extracts by treatment with dissociating agents. In addition, binding of NF‐jun to its recognition site is enhanced by treatment of cells with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate, tumor necrosis factor alpha or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). However, as revealed by competition assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, purified NF‐kappa B fails to bind to the c‐jun fragment which contains the NF‐jun site, and this fragment fails to compete with NF‐kappa B for binding. UV crosslinking showed that NF‐jun contains a 55 and a 125 kDa protein species. These findings demonstrate that the c‐jun gene can be regulated by a transcription factor distinct from AP‐1. Our findings also indicate that while NF‐jun has several features in common with the NF‐kappa B binding protein including its subcellular localization and its ability to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, this factor recognizes a unique DNA sequence. Moreover, the activity of this protein is differentially regulated in various cell types. NF‐jun might function as a signal transducing molecule in order to mediate rapid induction of the early response gene c‐jun in a cell type‐ and stimulus‐specific manner.
Smoking status as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse in US adults.

BACKGROUND Screening for alcohol use in primary care settings is recommended by clinical care guidelines but is not adhered to as strongly as screening for smoking. It has been proposed that smoking status could be used to enhance the identification of alcohol misuse in primary care and other medical settings, but national data are lacking. Our objective was to investigate smoking status as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse in a national sample of US adults, following clinical care guidelines for the assessment of these behaviors. METHODS Analyses are based on a sample of 42 374 US adults from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave I, 2001-2002). Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio of smoking behavior [daily, occasional, or former]) were determined for the detection of hazardous drinking behavior and alcohol-related diagnoses, assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV. RESULTS Daily, occasional, and ex-smokers were more likely than never smokers to be hazardous drinkers (OR, 3.23 [95% CI, 3.02-3.46]; OR, 5.33 [95% CI, 4.70-6.04]; OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.10-1.28], respectively). Daily and occasional smokers were more likely to meet criteria for alcohol diagnoses (OR, 3.52 [95% CI, 3.19-3.90] and OR, 5.39 [95% CI, 4.60-6.31], respectively). For the detection of hazardous drinking by current smoking (occasional smokers + daily smokers), sensitivity was 42.5%; specificity, 81.9%; positive predictive value, 45.3% (vs population rate of 26.1%); and positive likelihood ratio, 2.34. For the detection of alcohol diagnoses by current smoking, sensitivity was 51.4%; specificity, 78.0%; positive predictive value, 17.8% (vs population rate of 8.5%); and positive likelihood ratio, 2.33. CONCLUSIONS Occasional and daily smokers were at heightened risk for hazardous drinking and alcohol use diagnoses. Smoking status can be used as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse and as a reminder for alcohol screening in general.
Generative Syntactic Transfer in L2 and L3 Acquisition via the Channel of Translation

The purpose of this study was two-fold: it primarily intended to incorporate some insights into the newly-explored field of L3A: secondly, it aimed to highlight the significance of translation as a valid language activity in exploring the native language influence on non-native language acquisition process. To this end, it investigated the acquisition of two syntactic properties of head and operator movements in English by L2 and L3 learners within UG framework. The participants consisted of 144 Persian monolingual and Arabic-Persian bilingual learners of English who were assigned to three proficiency bands after taking the general proficiency test (ECPE). The results showed no significant difference between the performance of monolinguals and bilinguals at each level of proficiency. Nonetheless, significant differences were found across the levels of proficiency.