Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Nasal Mucosal Delivery and Immunogenicity of Anti-Caries DNA Vaccine through Incorporation of Anionic Liposomes in Chitosan/DNA Complexes

The design of optimized nanoparticles offers a promising strategy to enable DNA vaccines to cross various physiological barriers for eliciting a specific and protective mucosal immunity via intranasal administration. Here, we reported a new designed nanoparticle system through incorporating anionic liposomes (AL) into chitosan/DNA (CS/DNA) complexes. With enhanced cellular uptake, the constructed AL/CS/DNA nanoparticles can deliver the anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX into nasal mucosa. TEM results showed the AL/CS/DNA had a spherical structure. High DNA loading ability and effective DNA protection against nuclease were proved by gel electrophoresis. The surface charge of the AL/CS/DNA depended strongly on pH environment, enabling the intracellular release of loaded DNA via a pH-mediated manner. In comparison to the traditional CS/DNA system, our new design rendered a higher transfection efficiency and longer residence time of the AL/CS/DNA at nasal mucosal surface. These outstanding features enable the AL/CS/DNA to induce a significantly (p<0.01) higher level of secretory IgA (SIgA) than the CS/DNA in animal study, and a longer-term mucosal immunity. On the other hand, the AL/CS/DNA exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the developed nanoparticles offer a potential platform for DNA vaccine packaging and delivery for more efficient elicitation of mucosal immunity.
Gender Peer Effects on Further Education

This paper studies effects of the proportion of girls in compulsory education on further education. I use detailed Norwegian register data to estimate the influence of the proportion of girls in the last grade of compulsory education on high school education and university attainment. A higher proportion of girls is found to increase the probability of graduating from high school. The result is robust to several model specifications. The analysis also indicates a positive effect on enrollment in higher education. Heterogeneity and non-linearity analyses indicate that gender peer effects are most important for students most likely to be on the margin of graduating from high school and enrolling in higher education, and when the share of female students is low.
RADIO JET FEEDBACK AND STAR FORMATION IN HEAVILY OBSCURED, HYPERLUMINOUS QUASARS AT REDSHIFTS ∼ 0.5–3. I. ALMA OBSERVATIONS

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 870 μm (345 GHz) data for 49 high-redshift (0.47 < z < 2.85), luminous ( 11.7 < log ( L bol / L ⊙ ) < 14.2 ? > ) radio-powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs), obtained to constrain cool dust emission from starbursts concurrent with highly obscured radiative-mode black hole (BH) accretion in massive galaxies that possess a small radio jet. The sample was selected from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with extremely steep (red) mid-infrared colors and with compact radio emission from NVSS/FIRST. Twenty-six sources are detected at 870 μm, and we find that the sample has large mid- to far-infrared luminosity ratios, consistent with a dominant and highly obscured quasar. The rest-frame 3 GHz radio powers are 24.7 < log ( P 3.0 GHz / W Hz − 1 ) < 27.3 , ? > and all sources are radio-intermediate or radio-loud. BH mass estimates are 7.7 < log(MBH/M⊙) < 10.2. The rest-frame 1–5 μm spectral energy distributions are very similar to the “Hot DOGs” (hot dust-obscured galaxies), and steeper (redder) than almost any other known extragalactic sources. ISM masses estimated for the ALMA-detected sources are 9.9 < log (MISM/M⊙) < 11.75 assuming a dust temperature of 30 K. The cool dust emission is consistent with star formation rates reaching several thousand M⊙ yr−1, depending on the assumed dust temperature, but we cannot rule out the alternative that the AGN powers all the emission in some cases. Our best constrained source has radiative transfer solutions with approximately equal contributions from an obscured AGN and a young (10–15 Myr) compact starburst.
CEO reputation and top management team compensation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) reputation on top management team (TMT) compensation, proposing corporate governance characteristics as a moderator of the relationships between the power of top managers to extract rents and the importance of external signals. The study aims to expand the domain of executive compensation literature by including the role of CEO reputation in the context of non-Anglo-Saxon corporate governance systems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for a panel methodology for the period 2004-2009, including 534 observations from Spanish listed companies. Data were obtained from several sources. Compensation and governance information was obtained from the Spanish Stock Exchange National Commission; data regarding CEO reputation were obtained from Spanish Corporate Reputation Monitor, and, finally, financial statement was obtained from the OSIRIS database. Findings – The paper provides empirical insights on the C.
He's Worse than Me: The Eurosceptic Parties at the Turning Point

One of the most important reasons for the expansion of Eurosceptic parties is the worsening of the economic crisis. This and, more generally, the processes of globalization/denationalization have not had the same effects for all citizens; a new structural conflict, opposing the “winners” and “losers” of glob-alization, has arisen. Usually the mainstream political parties tend to take the “winners’” side, while the peripheral parties tend to adopt a “loser’s”’ programme and to use Euroscepticism as a mobilizing issue; the electoral constituency of the Eurosceptic parties is therefore formed, above all, by the “losers” of globalization. The 2014 European elections represented an important turning point for the Eurosceptic parties; they obtained an unprecedentedly large percentage of votes, but no “political earthquake”, “sweeps”, or “Europe’s populist backlash” occurred. The Eurosceptic parties have never been able to form a joint anti-European front, because of their mutual mistrust. “He’s worse than me”, could be the state-ment that best epitomizes the relationships within the Eurosceptic right-wing camp. A further exacerba-tion of the economic crisis and/or the inability of the EU institutions in addressing it could lead such parties towards new and more considerable achievements.
Entry, Exit, Growth, and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle

Regularities concerning how entry, exit, market structure, and innovation vary from the birth of technologically progressive industries through maturity are summarized. A model emphasizing differences in firm innovative capabilities and the importance of firm size in appropriating the returns from innovation is developed to explain the regularities. The model also explains regularities regarding the relationship within industries between firm size and firm innovative effort, innovative productivity, cost, and profitability. It predicts that over time firms devote more effort to process innovation but the number of firms and the rate and diversity of product innovation eventually wither. Copyright 1996 by American Economic Association.
Estimating the FEER for the Czech Economy

When currency turbulences hit the Czech crown in May 1997, the research presented in this paper had been nearly finished. It tried to contribute to the discussion of sustainability of external development of the Czech economy by comparing signals given by a set of indicators to signals implied by the estimates of fundamental equilibrium exchange rate for the Czech crown. Interestingly, the method of indicators did not give an unambiguous answer. Specifically, when applied on the Czech data, debt as well as solvency indicators did not imply a danger of external crisis. Financial indicators with a shorter-time horizon did send some warning signals. Indicators of competitiveness watched by large international investors considered the Czech crown to be overvalued since 1995. In order to gain more decisive conclusion on the danger of external crisis, the structural approach was employed. The model simulations of the FEER indicated that the Czech crown became overvalued in 1996 with respect to the central parity of the exchange-rate band. This conclusion was quite robust taking into account behavior of both the real economy as well as decisive external financial flows. The Czech experience with currency turbulences provided an unintentional measure on how good the warning indicators were. The FEER methodology was able to conclude that there was a need for a policy shift in the end of 1996 although it did not give the clear warning that the exchange-rate regime itself was not sustainable.
Aufbruch in die Euro-Union

Krise, welche Krise? Nimmt man die öffentliche Stimmung in Deutschland ernst, dann gibt es wenig Anlass, sich über Europa noch große Sorgen zu machen. Die dramatischen Wochen, als man täglich mit dem Schlimmsten rechnen musste, liegen lange zurück. Die Finanzmärkte haben sich beruhigt. Die Konstruktionsfehler der Währungsunion scheinen entschärft, Ratspräsident Herman van Rompuy kann vor der UN-Vollversammlung in New York unwidersprochen behaupten, die „existenzielle Bedrohung des Euro“ sei „vorbei“ – und er ist nicht der einzige.
Musculotendinous Stiffness of Triceps Surae, Maximal Rate of Force Development, and Vertical Jump Performance

The relationships between ankle plantar flexor musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) and performance in a countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) and maximal rate of torque development (MRTD) were studied in 27 active men. MTS was studied by means of quick releases at 20 (S0.2), 40 (S0.4), 60 (S0.6), and 80% (S0.8) of maximal voluntary torque (T(MVC)). CMJ was not correlated with strength indices but was positively correlated with MRTD/BM, S 0.4/BM. The slope α 2 and intercept β 2 of the torque-stiffness relationships from 40 to 80% T(MVC) were correlated negatively (α 2) and positively (β 2) with CMJ. The different stiffness indices were not correlated with MRTD. The prediction of CMJ was improved by the introduction of MRTD in multiple regressions between CMJ and stiffness. CMJ was also negatively correlated with indices of curvature of the torque-stiffness relationship. The subjects were subdivided in 3 groups in function of CMJ (groups H, M, and L for high, medium, and low performers, resp.). There was a downward curvature of the torque-stiffness relationship at high torques in group H or M and the torque-stiffness regression was linear in group L only. These results suggested that torque-stiffness relationships with a plateau at high torques are more frequent in the best jumpers.
Beyond Diagnosis: Evolving Prostate Biopsy in the Era of Focal Therapy

Despite decades of use as the “gold standard” in the detection of prostate cancer, the optimal biopsy regimen is still not universally agreed upon. While important aspects such as the need for laterally placed biopsies and the importance of apical cancer are known, repeated studies have shown significant patients with cancer on subsequent biopsy when the original biopsy was negative and an ongoing suspicion of cancer remained. Attempts to maximise the effectiveness of repeat biopsies have given rise to the alternate approaches of saturation biopsy and the transperineal approach. Recent interest in focal treatment of prostate cancer has further highlighted the need for accurate detection of prostate cancer, and in response, the introduction of transperineal template-guided biopsy. While the saturation biopsy approach and the transperineal template approach increase the detection rate of cancer in men with a previous negative biopsy and appear to have acceptable morbidity, there is a lack of clinical trials evaluating the different biopsy strategies. This paper reviews the evolution of prostatic biopsy and current controversies.
Social skills, nonverbal sensitivity and academic success: he key role of centrality in student networks for higher grades achievement

Previous researches proved that highly interpersonal sensitive people are popular among their peers and have better grades than low interpersonal sensitive ones. Those researches focused mainly on primary and secondary education and suffered from construct validity of the ‘popularity’ concept. We suggest a new way to measure popularity using Social Network Analysis and we refer mainly to network centrality as an indicator of the subject’s relational capital. The present research suggests that student relational resources could be useful also for the tertiary education, mainly college education and students’ centrality especially in the academic-related networks could be a key factor in predicting their academic grades in the end of the semester. We found the nonverbal sensitivity skills are correlated with individuals’ centrality in non-academic related networks, as for example ‘asking for financial support network’ and do not correlate with centrality in the academic-related networks. Being central in the academic-related networks, especially in the ‘exchange of information’ network, significantly increased student chances in get higher grades in the end of the semester.
Massive core parameters from spatially unresolved multi-line observations

We present observations of 15 massive cores in three dierent CS transitions from the FCRAO 14 m and the KOSMA 3 m telescope. We derive physical parameters of these cores using dierent approaches to the line radiative transfer problem. The local radiative transfer approximations fail to provide reliable values except for the column densities. A self-consistent explanation of the observed line proles is only possible when taking density gradients and an internal turbulent structure of the cores into account. The observational data can be tted by a spherically symmetric radiative transfer model including such gradients and a turbulent clumping. We nd that the observed massive cores are approximately virialised with a clumpy density prole that decays with a radial exponent of about 1:6 down to a relatively sharp outer boundary. We show that a careful analysis of spatially unresolved multi-line observations using a physical radiative transfer model can provide values for physical parameters that could be obtained otherwise only by direct observations with much higher spatial resolution. This applies to all quantities directly aecting the line excitation, like the mass and size of dense cores. Information on the exact location or number of clumps, of course, always has to rely on high-resolution observations e.g. from interferometers.
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases Information Transmission Efficiency in V1

We have investigated how the nonclassical receptive field (nCRF) affects information transmission by V1 neurons during simulated natural vision in awake, behaving macaques. Stimuli were centered over the classical receptive field (CRF) and stimulus size was varied from one to four times the diameter of the CRF. Stimulus movies reproduced the spatial and temporal stimulus dynamics of natural vision while maintaining constant CRF stimulation across all sizes. In individual neurons, stimulation of the nCRF significantly increases the information rate, the information per spike, and the efficiency of information transmission. Furthermore, the population averages of these quantities also increase significantly with nCRF stimulation. These data demonstrate that the nCRF increases the sparseness of the stimulus representation in V1, suggesting that the nCRF tunes V1 neurons to match the highly informative components of the natural world.
The Effects of a Graduate Learning Experience on Anxiety, Achievement, and Expectations in Research and Statistics.

AUTHOR Trimarco, Katherine A. TITLE The Effects of a Graduate Learning Experience on Anxiety, Achievement, and Expectations in Research and Statistics. PUB DATE 1997-10-00 NOTE 38p. ; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Educational Research Association (28th, Ellenville, NY, October 28-30, 1997). PUB TYPE Reports Research (143) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Achievement Gains; *Anxiety; Expectation; *Graduate Students; Graduate Study; Higher Education; Knowledge Level; *Research; Self Efficacy; Sex Differences; *Statistics; Tables (Data)
Acoustic Noise Levels of Dental Equipments and Its Association with Fear and Annoyance Levels among Patients Attending Different Dental Clinic Setups in Jaipur, India.

BACKGROUND Noise is a source of pervasive occupational hazard for practicing dentists and the patients. The sources of dental sounds by various dental equipments can pose as a potential hazard to hearing system and add to the annoyance levels of the patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the noise levels from various equipments and evaluate the effect of acoustic noise stimulus on dental fear and annoyance levels among patients attending different dental clinic setups in Jaipur, India. METHODOLOGY The sampling frame comprised of 180 patients, which included 90 patients attending 10 different private clinics and 90 patients attending a Dental College in Jaipur. The levels of Acoustic Noise Stimulus originating from different equipments were determined using a precision sound level meter/decibulometer. Dental fear among patients was measured using Dental Fear Scale (DFS). RESULTS Statistical analysis was performed using chi square test and unpaired t-test. The mean background noise levels were found to be maximum in the pre-clinical setup/ laboratory areas (69.23+2.20). Females and the patients attending dental college setup encountered more fear on seeing the drill as compared to the patients attending private clinics (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The sources of dental sounds can pose as a potential hazard to hearing system. It was analyzed that the environment in the clinics can directly have an effect on the fear and annoyance levels of patients. Hence it is necessary control the noise from various dental equipments to reduce the fear of patients from visiting a dental clinic.
The Spectrum of Type I Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis

AbstractType I cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas) is considered a life-threatening condition; however, data on the characteristics and outcome are scarce. To analyze the presentation, prognosis, and efficacy and safety of treatments of type I CryoVas, we conducted a French nationwide survey that included 64 patients with type I CryoVas between January 1995 and July 2010: 28 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and 36 with hematologic malignancy.Type I monoclonal CryoVas was characterized by severe cutaneous involvement (necrosis and ulcers) in almost half the patients and high serum cryoglobulin levels, contrasting with a lower frequency of glomerulonephritis than expected. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 97%, 94%, 94%, and 87%, respectively. Compared to MGUS, type I CryoVas related to hematologic malignancy tended to be associated with a poorer prognosis. Therapeutic regimens based on alkylating agents, rituximab, thalidomide or lenalinomide, and bortezomib showed similar efficacy on vasculitis manifestations, with clinical response rates from 80% to 86%. Data from the CryoVas survey show that the prognosis of type I CryoVas does not seem to be as poor as previously suggested. Besides alkylating agents, the use of regimens based on rituximab, thalidomide or lenalinomide, and bortezomib are interesting alternative options, although the exact role of each strategy remains to be defined.
Evaluation of traffic safety at un-signalized intersections using microsimulation: a utilization of proximal safety indicators

In many cases crashes at intersections account for over 50% of all urban road crashes. The need to reduce these crashes has fostered considerable research on the development and evaluation of traffic safety at intersections. This paper introduces a micro-level behavioral approach for estimating the crash potential at unsignalized intersections for different traffic conditions. To this end, proximal safety indicators which represent the temporal and spatial proximity characteristics of unsafe interactions and near-accidents are explored and a practical implementation of post-encroachment time (PET) is carried out in the safety evaluation process. Simulation results demonstrate the sensitivity of PET to changes in the speed limit on roads and show that it can be used to carry out safety evaluations of uncontrolled intersections. More generally, the ability of microsimulation to evaluate safety effects of policy measures like speed limit is demonstrated.
Essay on the Origin of Languages and Writings Related to Music

"J.J. was born for music," Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote of himself, "not to be consumed in its execution, but to speed its progress and make discoveries about it. His ideas on the art and about the art are fertile, inexhaustible. " Rousseau was a practicing musician and theorist for years before publication of his first Discourse, but until now scholars have neglected these ideas. This graceful translation remedies both those failings by bringing together the Essay, which John T. Scott says "most clearly displays the juncture between Rousseau's musical theory and his major philosophical works," with a comprehensive selection of the musical writings. Many of the latter are responses to authors like Rameau, Grimm, and Raynal, and a unique feature of this edition is the inclusion of writings by these authors to help establish the historical and ideological contexts of Rousseau's writings and the intellectual exchanges of which they are a part. With an introduction that provides historical background, traces the development of Rousseau's musical theory, and shows that these writings are not an isolated part of his oeuvre but instead are animated by the same "system," this volume fashions a much-needed portal through which literary scholars, musicologists, historians, and political theorists can enter into an important but hitherto overlooked chamber of Rousseau's vast intellectual palace.
A Critical Role for Complement C3d and the B Cell Coreceptor (CD19/CD21) Complex in the Initiation of Inflammatory Arthritis1

Complement C3 cleavage products mediate the recognition and clearance of toxic or infectious agents. In addition, binding of the C3d fragment to Ag promotes B lymphocyte activation through coengagment of the BCR and complement receptor 2 (CD21). Signal augmentation is thought to be achieved through enhanced recruitment and activation of CD21-associated CD19. In this study we show, using the DBA/1 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, that conjugation of C3d to heterologous type II collagen is sufficient to cause disease in the absence of the mycobacterial components of CFA. Transient depletion of C3 during the inductive phase of CIA delays and lessens the severity of disease, and DBA/1 mice deficient for coreceptor components CD19 or CD21 are not susceptible to CIA. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD21 expression on either B cells or follicular dendritic cells is sufficient to acquire disease susceptibility. Although CD19−/− and CD21−/− mice produce primary Ab responses to heterologous and autologous type II collagen, they are impaired in the ability to activate T cells, form germinal centers, and produce secondary autoantibody responses. These findings indicate that binding of C3d to self-Ags can promote autoimmunity through enhanced Ag retention and presentation by follicular dendritic cells and B cells, respectively.