Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and magnetic α-effects in non-linear dynamo theory

The backreaction of the Lorentz force on the α-effect is studied in the limit of small magnetic and fluid Reynolds numbers, using the first order smoothing ap proximation (FOSA) to solve both the induction and momentum equations. Both steady and time dependent forcings are considered. In the low Reynolds number limit, the velocity and magnetic fields can be expressed explicitly in terms of the forcing function. The nonlinear α-effect is then shown to be expressible in several equivalent forms in agreement with formalisms that are used in various closure schemes. On the one hand, one can express α completely in terms of the helical properties of the velocity field as in traditional FOSA, or, alter natively, as the sum of two terms, a so-called kinetic α-effect and an oppositely signed term proportional to the helical part of the small scale magnetic field. These results hold for both st eady and time dependent forcing at arbitrary strength of the mean field. In addition, the τ -approximation is considered in the limit of small fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers. In this li mit, the τ closure term is absent and the viscous and resistive terms must be fully included. The underlying equations are then identical to those used under FOSA, but they reveal interesting differences between the steady and time dependent forcing. For steady forcing, the correlation between the forcing function and the small-scale magnetic field turns out to contribute in a crucial manner to determine the net α-effect. However for delta-correlated time-dependent forcing, this force‐field correlation vanishes, enabling one to write α exactly as the sum of kinetic and magnetic α-effects, similar to what one obtains also in the large Reynolds number regime in the τ -approximation closure hypothesis. In the limit of strong imposed fields, B0, we find α / B 2 0 for delta-correlated forcing, in contrast to the well-known α / B 3 0 behaviour for the case of a steady forcing. The analysis presented here is also shown to be in agreement with numerical simulations of steady as well as random helical flows.
A simulation study and analysis of advanced silicon Schottky barrier field effect transistors

The goal of this work is to investigate, through device simulations and a literature study, various device characteristics across both symmetric and asymmetric SB-FET designs while focusing on expanding the characterization of the novel asymmetric Schottky Tunneling Source SOI MOSFET (STS-FET) proposed by Jhaveri in [20-23].
Complex Patterns of Chromosome 11 Aberrations in Myeloid Malignancies Target CBL, MLL, DDB1 and LMO2

Exome sequencing of primary tumors identifies complex somatic mutation patterns. Assignment of relevance of individual somatic mutations is difficult and poses the next challenge for interpretation of next generation sequencing data. Here we present an approach how exome sequencing in combination with SNP microarray data may identify targets of chromosomal aberrations in myeloid malignancies. The rationale of this approach is that hotspots of chromosomal aberrations might also harbor point mutations in the target genes of deletions, gains or uniparental disomies (UPDs). Chromosome 11 is a frequent target of lesions in myeloid malignancies. Therefore, we studied chromosome 11 in a total of 813 samples from 773 individual patients with different myeloid malignancies by SNP microarrays and complemented the data with exome sequencing in selected cases exhibiting chromosome 11 defects. We found gains, losses and UPDs of chromosome 11 in 52 of the 813 samples (6.4%). Chromosome 11q UPDs frequently associated with mutations of CBL. In one patient the 11qUPD amplified somatic mutations in both CBL and the DNA repair gene DDB1. A duplication within MLL exon 3 was detected in another patient with 11qUPD. We identified several common deleted regions (CDR) on chromosome 11. One of the CDRs associated with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (P=0.013). One patient with a deletion at the LMO2 locus harbored an additional point mutation on the other allele indicating that LMO2 might be a tumor suppressor frequently targeted by 11p deletions. Our chromosome-centered analysis indicates that chromosome 11 contains a number of tumor suppressor genes and that the role of this chromosome in myeloid malignancies is more complex than previously recognized.
Adaptation, Learning, and Power: An Empirical Examination in Buyer-Supplier Dyads in the European Food Industry

In this paper, we develop a comprehensive framework of Interorganizational Adaptation (IOAD), drawing from institutional economy, organizational learning, and the industrial marketing and purchasing body of literature. We reason that learning processes underlie IOAD, which in turn is constituted by a technical and a behavioral dimension. Power is involved in the framework given its pervasive impact on the unilateral versus bilateral nature of IOAD. Subsequently, we explore and refine the framework through multiple embedded case studies in the European food industry. The IOAD framework contributes by its overarching nature, integrating previous technical oriented studies on adaptation and the more disperse studies on the behavioral dimension, and by clarifying the role of learning. The case data confirm the projected relationship between power and IOAD, possibly weakened by the presence of exploratory learning.
Effect of endurance training on mRNA expression of uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 in the rat

Endurance exercise training has been shown to decrease diet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT) in rats and humans. In rodents, most thermogenesis is thought to occur in brown adipose tissue via activation of the uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1) and in skeletal muscle. Since the level of UCP1 mRNA in rat BAT was reported to be unmodified by exercise training, the newly described uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3 could be responsible for the decreased DIT in trained rats. UCP3 mRNA levels in endurancetrained rats were found to be reduced by 76% and 59% in tibialis anterior and soleus muscles, respectively. UCP2 mRNA levels were also decreased in tibialis anterior and in heart by 54% and 41%, respectively. Neither white adipose tissue UCP2 nor brown adipose tissue UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA levels were modified. The results of this study show that a need for a higher metabolic efficiency is associated with decreased mRNA expression of the uncoupling proteins in skeletal and heart muscles, which would decrease energy dissipation in these tissues. The down‐regulation of UCP3 and UCP2 expressions might also contribute to the rapid weight gain known to occur when exercise training ceased. —Boss, O. , Samec, S. , Desplanches, D. , Mayet, M. ‐H. , Seydoux, J., Muzzin, P., Giacobino, J.‐P. Effect of endurance training on mRNA expression of uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 in the rat. FASEB J. 12, 339–335 (1998)
Targeting TNF-α and NF-κB Activation by Bee Venom: Role in Suppressing Adjuvant Induced Arthritis and Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Low dose methotrexate is the cornerstone for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. One of its major drawbacks is hepatotoxicity, resulting in poor compliance of therapy. Dissatisfied arthritis patients are likely to seek the option of complementary and alternative medicine such as bee venom. The combination of natural products with modern medicine poses the possibility of potential interaction between the two groups and needs investigation. The present study was aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of bee venom acupuncture on efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of methotrexate. Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rats were treated for 3 weeks with methotrexate and/or bee venom. Arthritic score, ankle diameter, paw volume and tissue expression of NF-κB and TNF-α were determined to assess anti-arthritic effects, while anti-nociceptive effects were assessed by gait score and thermal hyperalgesia. Methotrexate toxicity was assessed by measuring serum TNF-α, liver enzymes and expression of NF-κB in liver. Combination therapy of bee venom with methotrexate significantly improved arthritic parameters and analgesic effect as compared to methotrexate alone. Bee venom ameliorated serum TNF-α and liver enzymes elevations as well as over expression of NF-κB in liver induced by methotrexate. Histological examination supported the results. And for the first time bee venom acupuncture was approved to increase methotrexate bioavailability with a significant decrease in its elimination. Conclusion: bee venom potentiates the anti-arthritic effects of methotrexate, possibly by increasing its bioavailability. Also, it provides a potent anti-nociceptive effect. Furthermore, bee venom protects against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity mostly due to its inhibitory effect on TNF-α and NF-κB.
Regulation by P2X7: epithelial migration and stromal organization in the cornea.

PURPOSE Previously, the authors demonstrated that BzATP, a P2X(7) receptor agonist, enhanced corneal epithelial migration in vitro. The goal here was to characterize the role of the P2X(7) receptor in the repair of in vivo corneal epithelial debridement wounds and in the structural organization of the corneal stroma. METHODS Epithelial debridement was performed on P2X(7) knockout (P2X(7)(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice, and eyes were harvested after 16 hours. Corneas were stained with Richardson vital stain, and the wound area was recorded. Corneas were fixed and prepared for light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analysis. Cuprolinic blue staining was performed to analyze stromal proteoglycans (PGs). Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of stromal collagens. RESULTS P2X(7) was present in the WT corneal epithelium but was not detected in P2X(7)(-/-) mice. Pannexin-1, a protein demonstrated to interact with P2X(7), was absent from the wound edge in P2X(7)(-/-). This was associated with a trend toward delayed corneal reepithelialization. Stromal ultrastructure and collagen alignment were altered in P2X(7)(-/-), and collagen fibrils had smaller diameters with a larger interfibrillar distances. Expression of collagen alpha1(I) and alpha3(v) was reduced. There were 30% fewer sulfated PGs along fibrils in the P2X(7)(-/-) stroma. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of the P2X(7) receptor, the expression of proteins in the corneal epithelium was altered and wound healing was compromised. Loss of receptor resulted in morphologic changes in the stroma, including changes in alignment of collagen fibrils, decreased expression of collagen, and smaller fibrils with fewer PGs per fibril.
Comparative genomic analysis of seven Mycoplasma hyosynoviae strains

Infection with Mycoplasma hyosynoviae can result in debilitating arthritis in pigs, particularly those aged 10 weeks or older. Strategies for controlling this pathogen are becoming increasingly important due to the rise in the number of cases of arthritis that have been attributed to infection in recent years. In order to begin to develop interventions to prevent arthritis caused by M. hyosynoviae, more information regarding the specific proteins and potential virulence factors that its genome encodes was needed. However, the genome of this emerging swine pathogen had not been sequenced previously. In this report, we present a comparative analysis of the genomes of seven strains of M. hyosynoviae isolated from different locations in North America during the years 2010 to 2013. We identified several putative virulence factors that may contribute to the ability of this pathogen to adhere to host cells. Additionally, we discovered several prophage genes present within the genomes of three strains that show significant similarity to MAV1, a phage isolated from the related species, M. arthritidis. We also identified CRISPR‐Cas and type III restriction and modification systems present in two strains that may contribute to their ability to defend against phage infection.
The effects of caffeine on reaction time in hyperkinetic and normal children.

: Using a double-blind design, the authors investigated 1) caffeine's effect in hyperkinetic children on a choice reaction time task, 2) whether caffeine has different effects on simple reaction time and choice reaction time, and 3) whether its effects in the hyperkinetic compared with the normal group of children are best described by the law of initial values or as a "paradoxical effect. " The results indicate that caffeine produced an increase in the accuracy of stimulus identification and processing and a decrease in lapses of attention for the hyperkinetic group. The law of initial values best represented the phenomena observed.
EXISTENCE CONDITIONS OF THE OPTIMAL STOPPING TIME: THE CASES OF GEOMETRIC BROWNIAN MOTION AND ARITHMETIC BROWNIAN MOTION

A type of optimal investment problem can be regarded as an optimal stopping problem in the field of applied stochastic analysis. This study derives the existence conditions of the optimal stopping time when the stochastic process is a geometric Brownian motion or an arithmetic Brownian motion. The conditions concern the intrinsic value function and are natural extensions of the certainty case. Additionally, they are essential for a well-known result in recent investment theory. They are also applied to an optimal land development problem. The analyses give existing studies rigorous foundations and generalize them.
Changes in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients initiating dapagliflozin therapy: a primary care database study

Aims To investigate changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight (BW), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) primary care patients initiating dapagliflozin treatment. Methods T2D patients who started dapagliflozin in 985 general and 32 diabetologist practices (Disease Analyzer, Germany: December 2012–October 2014) were analyzed (3- and 6-month follow-up). Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify clinical characteristics and comorbidity associated with changes in HbA1c, BW, and SBP. Results The study included 1,169 T2D patients (age: 62.5 years; men: 59.3%; diabetologist care: 23%) with newly initiated dapagliflozin therapy. At the 3-month stage, dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c (−0.8%±1.4%) compared to the baseline (8.5%±1.5%) (P<0.001). Changes were maintained after 6 months (−0.8%±1.5%) (P<0.001). Patients with high baseline HbA1c values (>9%) showed greater reductions in HbA1c than the overall sample (3 months −1.8%, 6 months −1.8%; both P<0.05). BW and SBP also showed statistically significant reductions with dapagliflozin over 3 and 6 months (−2.2 kg, P<0.001; −2.2 mmHg, P=0.003 and −2.5 kg, P<0.001; −2.3 mmHg, P=0.011, respectively). After 3 months, 53% of patients achieved a reduction in both HbA1c and BW; the same holds true for 45% of patients at the 6-month mark. Similar results were observed both in general and diabetologist practices. In multivariate analyses, baseline HbA1c (parameter estimate: −0.6479) and diabetologist care (−0.2553) were independent predictors of HbA1c change (6 months) (all P<0.05). Conclusion T2D patients treated with dapagliflozin therapy achieved statistically significant reductions in HbA1c, BW, and SBP in a real-world primary and diabetologist care setting. The changes were comparable to the results of the dapagliflozin clinical trial program.
Seshadri Constants and Interpolation on Commutative Algebraic Groups

In this article we study interpolation estimates on a special class of compactifications of commutative algebraic groups constructed by Serre. We obtain a large quantitative improvement over previous results due to Masser and the first author and our main result has the same level of accuracy as the best known multiplicity estimates. The improvements come both from using special properties of the compactifications which we consider and from a different approach based upon Seshadri constants and vanishing theorems.
The Emotion Dynamics of Transitional Justice: An Emotion Sharing Perspective

Since the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, transitional justice (TJ) procedures have been cast in terms of emotion: disgust, horror, revenge, and remorse. For contemporary TJ, claims are made that it contributes to the emotional recovery of individual victims and conflict-torn societies after mass atrocity crimes. Empirical support for such claims is mixed at best. This article proposes a framework of “emotion sharing” in order to enhance our understanding of the emotion dynamics in TJ settings. It will focus on processes of emotion sharing in TJ fora, and discuss the specific limitations and conditions of the TJ settings in which emotion sharing takes place. Conclusions are drawn as to the claims, realities, and prospects of emotion dynamics in TJ fora.
Finite Groups With a Certain Number of Elements Pairwise Generating a Non-Nilpotent Subgroup

Let n > 0 be an integer and X be a class of groups. We say that a group G satisfies the condition (X,n) whenever in every subset with n+ 1 elements of G there exist distinct elements x,y such that hx,yi is in X. Let N and A be the classes of nilpotent groups and abelian groups, respectively. Here we prove that: (1) If G is a finite semi-simple group satis- fying the condition (N,n), then |G| < c 2(log21 n)n 2 (log 21 n)! , for some constant c. (2) A finite insoluble group G satisfies the condition (N,21) if and only if G/Z (G) = A5, the alternating group of degree 5, where Z (G) is the hypercentre of G. (3) A finite non-nilpotent group G satisfies the condition (N,4) if and only if G/Z (G) = S3, the symmetric group of degree 3. (4) An insoluble group G satisfies the condition (A,21) if and only if G = Z(G) ◊ A5, where Z(G) is the centre of G. (5) If d is the derived length of a soluble group satisfying the condition (A,n), then d = 1 if n 2 {1,2} and d 2n 3 if n 2.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Recombination Enhancer Biases Recombination During Interchromosomal Mating-Type Switching but Not in Interchromosomal Homologous Recombination

Haploid Saccharomyces can change mating type through HO-endonuclease cleavage of an expressor locus, MAT, followed by gene conversion using one of two repository loci, HML or HMR, as donor. The mating type of a cell dictates which repository locus is used as donor, with a cells using HML and α cells using HMR. This preference is established in part by RE, a locus on the left arm of chromosome III that activates the surrounding region, including HML, for recombination in a cells, an activity suppressed by α2 protein in α cells. We have examined the ability of RE to stimulate different forms of interchromosomal recombination. We found that RE exerted an effect on interchromosomal mating-type switching and on intrachromosomal homologous recombination but not on interchromosomal homologous recombination. Also, even in the absence of RE, MATα still influenced donor preference in interchromosomal mating-type switching, supporting a role of α2 in donor preference independent of RE. These results suggest a model in which RE affects competition between productive and nonproductive recombination outcomes. In interchromosome gene conversion, RE enhances both productive and nonproductive pathways, whereas in intrachromosomal gene conversion and mating-type switching, RE enhances only the productive pathway.
CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge

Although primary antiviral CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can be induced in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells, the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the generation and maintenance of antiviral memory CTL is uncertain. This question, and the consequences upon vaccine-mediated protection, were investigated in transgenic CD4 knockout (CD4ko) mice, which lack CD4+ T lymphocytes. Infection of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), or with recombinant vaccinia viruses bearing appropriate LCMV sequences, induces long-lasting protective immunity, mediated mainly by antiviral CD8+ CTL. Here we report two important findings. First, LCMV-specific CD8+ memory CTL are maintained at considerably lower levels in CD4ko mice than in normal C57BL/6J mice; we demonstrate a reduction in precursor CTL evident as soon as 30 days postimmunization and declining, by day 120, to levels 1 to 2 log units below those in normal mice. Thus, CD4+ T cells appear to be important to the generation and maintenance of their CD8+ counterparts. Second, this reduction has an important biological consequence; compared with immunocompetent mice, CD4ko mice immunized with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing nucleoprotein or glycoprotein of LCMV are less effectively protected from subsequent LCMV challenge. Thus, this study underscores the potential importance of CD4+ T lymphocytes in generation of appropriate levels of CD(8+)-cell-mediated immunoprotective memory and has implications for vaccine efficacy in individuals with immune defects in which CD4 levels may be reduced, such as AIDS.
Different Approaches to Bankruptcy

In the last fifteen years or so, lawyers working in law and economics and economists with an interest in legal matters have turned their attention to the topic of bankruptcy. A large amount of work has resulted, both theoretical and empirical, some of which has been concerned with the functioning of existing bankruptcy procedures and some with bankruptcy reform. Although researchers in this area have expressed different views, I believe that one can identify a consensus on certain issues, e.g., the goals of bankruptcy and some of the characteristics of an efficient bankruptcy procedure. This paper summarizes this consensus. One point I will stress is that it is unlikely that one size fits all. ' That is, although some bankruptcy procedures can probably be rejected as being manifestly bad, there is a class of procedures that satisfy the main criteria of efficiency. Which procedure a country chooses or should choose may then depend on other factors, e.g., the country's institutional structure and legal tradition. One can also imagine a country choosing a menu of procedures and allowing firms to select among them.
On Recovery of Sparse Signals Via  $\ell _{1}$ Minimization

This paper considers constrained lscr<sub>1</sub> minimization methods in a unified framework for the recovery of high-dimensional sparse signals in three settings: noiseless, bounded error, and Gaussian noise. Both lscr<sub>1</sub> minimization with an lscr<sub>infin</sub> constraint (Dantzig selector) and lscr<sub>1</sub> minimization under an <i>l</i>lscr<sub>2</sub> constraint are considered. The results of this paper improve the existing results in the literature by weakening the conditions and tightening the error bounds. The improvement on the conditions shows that signals with larger support can be recovered accurately. In particular, our results illustrate the relationship between lscr<sub>1</sub> minimization with an <i>l</i>lscr<sub>2</sub> constraint and lscr<sub>1</sub> minimization with an lscr<sub>infin</sub> constraint. This paper also establishes connections between restricted isometry property and the mutual incoherence property. Some results of Candes, Romberg, and Tao (2006), Candes and Tao (2007), and Donoho, Elad, and Temlyakov (2006) are extended.