Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Early Stress on Social Abilities and Serotonergic Functions across Generations in Mice

Exposure to adverse environments during early development is a known risk factor for several psychiatric conditions including antisocial behavior and personality disorders. Here, we induced social anxiety and altered social recognition memory in adult mice using unpredictable maternal separation and maternal stress during early postnatal life. We show that these social defects are not only pronounced in the animals directly subjected to stress, but are also transmitted to their offspring across two generations. The defects are associated with impaired serotonergic signaling, in particular, reduced 5HT1A receptor expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and increased serotonin level in a dorsal raphe projection area. These findings underscore the susceptibility of social behaviors and serotonergic pathways to early stress, and the persistence of their perturbation across generations.
The Molecular Chaperone Sse 1 and the Growth Control Protein Kinase Sch 9 Collaborate to Regulate Protein Kinase A Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The Sch9 protein kinase regulates Hsp90-dependent signal transduction activity in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hsp90 functions in concert with a number of cochaperones, including the Hsp110 homolog Sse1. In this report, we demonstrate a novel synthetic genetic interaction between SSE1 and SCH9. This interaction was observed specifically during growth at elevated temperature and was suppressed by decreased signaling through the protein kinase A (PKA) signal transduction pathway. Correspondingly, sse1 sch9 cells were shown by both genetic and biochemical approaches to have abnormally high levels of PKA activity and were less sensitive to modulation of PKA by glucose availability. Growth defects of an sse1 mutant were corrected by reducing PKA signaling through overexpression of negative regulators or growth on nonoptimal carbon sources. Hyperactivation of the PKA pathway through expression of a constitutive RAS2 allele likewise resulted in temperature-sensitive growth, suggesting that modulation of PKA activity during thermal stress is required for adaptation and viability. Together these results demonstrate that the Sse1 chaperone and the growth control kinase Sch9 independently contribute to regulation
Recognition : Learning Where to Start and When to Stop

Text line detection and localization is a crucial step for full page document analysis, but still suffers from heterogeneity of real life documents. In this paper, we present a new approach for full page text recognition. Localization of the text lines is based on regressions with Fully Convolutional Neural Networks and Multidimensional Long Short-Term Memory as contextual layers. In order to increase the efficiency of this localization method, only the position of the left side of the text lines are predicted. The text recognizer is then in charge of predicting the end of the text to recognize. This method has shown good results for full page text recognition on the highly heterogeneous Maurdor dataset.
Smoking and passive smoking exposure in young people: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS).

INTRODUCTION This study analyzes the prevalence and associated factors for smoking and passive smoking among young people. METHODS The data are derived from a subsample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), carried out by the Robert Koch Institute between May 2003 and May 2006 (n = 6813, age = 11 to 17 years). This analysis considers current smoking status ("yes" or "no") and exposure to passive smoke ("several times a week or daily" versus "once a week or less frequently"). Social and educational status, parental smoking, and smoking status of friends were considered as associated factors. RESULTS In the 11 to 17 year old group, 20.5% of boys and 20.3% of girls smoked. Of those who did not smoke, 40% reported passive smoking exposure daily or several times a week. Important associated factors for smoking are educational status, parental smoking, and in particular the smoking status of friends. For passive smoking exposure, parental smoking status was of paramount significance. DISCUSSION These results show that adolescents are an important target group for anti-smoking interventions and that the main settings for these interventions are the school, the family, and the peer group.
The RAV1 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis

Leaf senescence is a developmentally programmed cell death process that constitutes the final step of leaf development and involves the extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Despite the importance of senescence in plants, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. This study reports the isolation and functional analysis of RAV1, which encodes a RAV family transcription factor. Expression of RAV1 and its homologues is closely associated with leaf maturation and senescence. RAV1 mRNA increased at a later stage of leaf maturation and reached a maximal level early in senescence, but decreased again during late senescence. This profile indicates that RAV1 could play an important regulatory role in the early events of leaf senescence. Furthermore, constitutive and inducible overexpression of RAV1 caused premature leaf senescence. These data strongly suggest that RAV1 is sufficient to cause leaf senescence and it functions as a positive regulator in this process.
The rate of cellular hydrogen peroxide removal shows dependency on GSH: Mathematical insight into in vivo H2O2 and GPx concentrations

Although its concentration is generally not known, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is a key enzyme in the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in biological systems. Extrapolating from kinetic results obtained in vitro using dilute, homogenous buffered solutions, it is generally accepted that the rate of elimination of H2O2in vivo by GPx is independent of glutathione concentration (GSH). To examine this doctrine, a mathematical analysis of a kinetic model for the removal of H2O2 by GPx was undertaken to determine how the reaction species (H2O2, GSH, and GPx-1) influence the rate of removal of H2O2. Using both the traditional kinetic rate law approximation (classical model) and the generalized kinetic expression, the results show that the rate of removal of H2O2 increases with initial GPxr, as expected, but is a function of both GPxr and GSH when the initial GPxr is less than H2O2. This simulation is supported by the biological observations of Li et al. Using genetically altered human glioma cells in in vitro cell culture and in an in vivo tumour model, they inferred that the rate of removal of H2O2 was a direct function of GPx activity×GSH (effective GPx activity). The predicted cellular average GPxr and H2O2 for their study are approximately GPxr ≤1 µm and H2O2≈5µm based on available rate constants and an estimation of GSH. It was also found that results from the accepted kinetic rate law approximation significantly deviated from those obtained from the more generalized model in many cases that may be of physiological importance.
Optimized IR-HARQ Schemes Based on Punctured LDPC Codes Over the BEC

We study incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) schemes based on punctured, finite-length, low-density, parity-check (LDPC) codes. The transmission is assumed to take place over time-varying binary erasure channels, such as mobile wireless channels at the application layer. We analyze and optimize the throughput and delay performance of these IR-HARQ protocols under iterative, message-passing decoding. We derive bounds on the performance that are achievable by such schemes, and show that, with a simple extension, the iteratively decoded, punctured LDPC code-based IR-HARQ protocol can be made rateless and operating close to the general theoretical optimum for a wide range of channel erasure rates.
Identifikasi Jenis dan Karakteristik Lempung di Perbukitan Jiwo, Bayat, Klaten dan Arahannya sebagai Bahan Galian Industri

Perbukitan Jiwo di Bayat, Klaten, merupakan suatu inlier dari batuan Pra-Tersier dan Tersier di sekitar endapan Kuarter. Perbukitan Jiwo tersebut mempunyai kondisi geologi yang kompleks. Salah satu batuan yang menyusun Kompleks Perbukitan Jiwo adalah batuan metamorf berupa sekis dan filit. Batuan metamorf tersebut telah mengalami pelapukan yang intensif, ditandai dengan hadirnya soil yang berwarna merah. Hasil pelapukan batuan metamorf tersebut berupa lempung yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sekitar sebagai bahan pembuatan gerabah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis mineral lempung di Perbukitan Jiwo dan juga karakteristik fisik dan kimia dari mineral lempung tersebut untuk melihat potensi lempung untuk bidang industri. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode analisis XRD untuk mengetahui karakteristik mineralogi lempung, analisis XRF untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia lempung dan metode analisis fisik untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan megaskopis lempung. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, jenis mineral lempung yang dijumpai adalah kaolinit, smektit dan serisit. Lempung tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuatan gerabah. Lempung tersebut tidak dapat digunakan dalam industri lain seperti farmasi, kosmetik dan kertas karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar kimia
JOURNAL CLUB: Plagiarism in Manuscripts Submitted to the AJR: Development of an Optimal Screening Algorithm and Management Pathways.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of plagiarism in a sample of manuscripts submitted to the AJR using CrossCheck, develop an algorithm to identify significant plagiarism, and formulate management pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 110 of 1610 (6.8%) manuscripts submitted to AJR in 2014 in the categories of Original Research or Review were analyzed using CrossCheck and manual assessment. The overall similarity index (OSI), highest similarity score from a single source, whether duplication was from single or multiple origins, journal section, and presence or absence of referencing the source were recorded. The criteria outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors were the reference standard for identifying manuscripts containing plagiarism. Statistical analysis was used to develop a screening algorithm to maximize sensitivity and specificity for the detection of plagiarism. Criteria for defining the severity of plagiarism and management pathways based on the severity of the plagiarism were determined. RESULTS Twelve manuscripts (10.9%) contained plagiarism. Nine had an OSI excluding quotations and references of less than 20%. In seven, the highest similarity score from a single source was less than 10%. The highest similarity score from a single source was the work of the same author or authors in nine. Common sections for duplication were the Materials and Methods, Discussion, and abstract. Referencing the original source was lacking in 11. Plagiarism was undetected at submission in five of these 12 articles; two had been accepted for publication. The most effective screening algorithm was to average the OSI including quotations and references and the highest similarity score from a single source and to submit manuscripts with an average value of more than 12% for further review. CONCLUSION The current methods for detecting plagiarism are suboptimal. A new screening algorithm is proposed.
A new predictive indicator for development of pressure ulcers in bedridden patients based on common laboratory tests results

Background: Various scales have been devised to predict development of pressure ulcers on the basis of clinical and laboratory data, such as the Braden Scale (Braden score), which is used to monitor activity and skin conditions of bedridden patients. However, none of these scales facilitates clinically reliable prediction. Aims: To develop a clinical laboratory data-based predictive equation for the development of pressure ulcers. Methods: Subjects were 149 hospitalised patients with respiratory disorders who were monitored for the development of pressure ulcers over a 3-month period. The proportional hazards model (Cox regression) was used to analyse the results of 12 basic laboratory tests on the day of hospitalisation in comparison with Braden score. Results: Pressure ulcers developed in 38 patients within the study period. A Cox regression model consisting solely of Braden scale items showed that none of these items contributed to significantly predicting pressure ulcers. Rather, a combination of haemoglobin (Hb), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (Alb), age, and gender produced the best model for prediction. Using the set of explanatory variables, we created a new indicator based on a multiple logistic regression equation. The new indicator showed high sensitivity (0.73) and specificity (0.70), and its diagnostic power was higher than that of Alb, Hb, CRP, or the Braden score alone. Conclusions: The new indicator may become a more useful clinical tool for predicting presser ulcers than Braden score. The new indicator warrants verification studies to facilitate its clinical implementation in the future.
Qualitative analyses of lived experience for residents in the Elderly Care Departments at the community health service centres in Southwestern China

With its huge ageing population, China faces an enormous challenge for its elderly support and care. One of the proposed solutions was to diversify the elderly support systems. Towards this goal, setting up the Elderly Care Departments in the community health service centres is one of such new Chinese endeavour. This qualitative study was conducted among the residents enrolled in existing Elderly Care Departments established at the community health service centres in Chongqing, a Southwestern Chinese city, to evaluate the lived experience of the residents and to find strategies for improvement. Eighteen participants were recruited from the residents of the Elderly Care Departments of three community health service centres in the city. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth individual interviews and were analysed utilising the Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Five main themes were identified: Safety and trust; Satisfaction and relief; Gratitude and mutual understanding; Complaints and helplessness; and Worries and apprehension. We found that set-up of the Elderly Care Departments at the community health service centres appeared to be consistent with the idea of integrated care and in general, the current running mode was able to provide the elderly with effective medical, nursing and other cares. The psychological and cultural services at these departments, however, need to be further enhanced.
Planning in Action Formalisms based on DLs: First Results

In this paper, we continue the recently started work on integrating action formalisms with description logics (DLs), by investigating planning in the context of DLs. We prove that the plan existence problem is decidable for actions described in fragments of ALCQIO. More precisely, we show that, if post-conditions of operators are unconditional, its computational complexity coincides with the one of projection for DLs between ALC and ALCQIO.
HLA class I expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM To investigate whether CTL vaccine therapy is suitable for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the viewpoint of HLA class I antigens expression. METHODS The immunocytochemistry, image analysis, flow cytometry, and labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method of immunohistochemistry were applied respectively to study 4 HCC cell lines (e.g. Alexander, HepG2, SMMC-7721, and QGY-7703) cultured in vitro and 6 frozen tissue specimens of HCC. RESULTS The positive control cell line Raji had very strong positive staining. Most mitotic and nonmitotic cells of the 4 HCC cell lines had various intensity of HLA class I antigens expression. The negative control cell K562 and the control slides of all the cell lines had no positive staining. In the 6 HCC specimens immunohistochemically studied, histological normal hepatocytes had no or very weak positive staining and the liver sinus had very strong positive staining. Most HCC cells in the sections from the 6 HCC specimens had strong positive HLA classIantigens staining. The positive staining was located in the cytoplasm, the perinuclear area, and at the cell membrane of the liver cancer cells. Flow cytometry also revealed that Raji and those 4 HCC cell lines had strong HLA classIantigens expression, which was confirmed quantitatively by the image analysis. It showed that the objective grayscale values of Raji and those 4 HCC cell lines were significantly different from that of K562 (Raji 114.04+/-10.94, Alexander 165.97+/-5.35, HepG2 167.02+/-12.60, QGY-7703 161.46+/-7.13, SMMC-7721 165.93+/-5.21, K562 244.89+/-4.60, P<0.01). Significant differences were also found between Raji and the 4 HCC cell lines. CONCLUSION HCC cells express HLA class I antigens strongly. From this point of view, the active specific immunotherapy of CTL vaccine is suitable and practicable for HCC.
The effect of adjuvant midazolam compared with fentanyl on the duration of spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine in opium abusers

Background There are a number of adjuvants to be used for local anesthetics in spinal block. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possible effect of intrathecal midazolam compared with bupivacaine as adjuvants in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in chronic opium abuses. Methods In a double blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 opium abuser patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery were selected and randomly assigned into 3 groups (30 cases each). The patients received 15 mg plain bupivacaine, or 15 mg bupivacaine plus 25 mcg fentanyl or 15 mg bupivacaine plus 1 mg midazolam, intrathecally. Results The duration of anesthesia was much longer in the bupivacaine-midazolam group than the bupivacaine-fentanyl group; both were longer than the plain bupivacaine group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Subarachnoid injection of adjuvant midazolam or fentanyl with plain 0.5% bupivacaine in opium abusers in lower limb orthopedic surgery increases the duration of sensory block. Therefore midazolam is more effective than fentanyl in such cases.
Semaphorin 5A inhibits synaptogenesis in early postnatal- and adult-born hippocampal dentate granule cells

Human SEMAPHORIN 5A (SEMA5A) is an autism susceptibility gene; however, its function in brain development is unknown. In this study, we show that mouse Sema5A negatively regulates synaptogenesis in early, developmentally born, hippocampal dentate granule cells (GCs). Sema5A is strongly expressed by GCs and regulates dendritic spine density in a cell-autonomous manner. In the adult mouse brain, newly born Sema5A−/− GCs show an increase in dendritic spine density and increased AMPA-type synaptic responses. Sema5A signals through PlexinA2 co-expressed by GCs, and the PlexinA2-RasGAP activity is necessary to suppress spinogenesis. Like Sema5A−/− mutants, PlexinA2−/− mice show an increase in GC glutamatergic synapses, and we show that Sema5A and PlexinA2 genetically interact with respect to GC spine phenotypes. Sema5A−/− mice display deficits in social interaction, a hallmark of autism-spectrum-disorders. These experiments identify novel intra-dendritic Sema5A/PlexinA2 interactions that inhibit excitatory synapse formation in developmentally born and adult-born GCs, and they provide support for SEMA5A contributions to autism-spectrum-disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.04390. 001
Stability of Sleep Disorders From Preschool to First Grade and Their Bidirectional Relationship with Psychiatric Symptoms

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and stability of DSM-4–defined sleep disorders from preschool to first grade and to explore the bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Method: All children born in 2003 or 2004 in Trondheim, Norway, who attended regular community health checkups for 4-year-olds, were invited to participate (97.2% attendance; 82.0% consent rate, n = 2475) in this study. The authors recruited a screen-stratified subsample of 1250 children and interviewed 994 parents (79.6%) using a structured diagnostic interview (the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment). Two years later, 795 of the parents completed the interview. Results: There was stability in insomnia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.03, confidence interval [CI] = 2.83–5.75) and sleepwalking (adjusted OR = 19.28, CI = 4.53–82.10), whereas none of the children with hypersomnia or nightmare disorder at age 4 had the same disorder 2 years later. Insomnia increased the risk for developing symptoms of conduct disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and social phobia when the initial levels of insomnia were adjusted for. Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and MDD at age 4 were statistically linked to insomnia at age 6. Sleepwalking predicted later separation anxiety disorder, whereas hypersomnia was unrelated to symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Insomnia is a prevalent and stable disorder in children and is bidirectionally related to psychiatric symptoms.
Poly R decolorization and APPL production by Streptomyces violaceoruber and Streptomyces spiroverticillatus

Two mesophilic streptomycetes (S. violaceoruber and S. spiroverticillatus) were selected to study their Poly R-478 decolorization ability and lignocellulose solubilizing activity. Both strains were able to degrade Poly R-478 dye and ferulic acid during growth on a minimal salts medium. The Poly R-478 decolorizing activities of both strains were induced by adding different carbon sources to the culture media. S. violaceoruber could decolorize 63% of Poly R-478 after 24 h. Both strains could solubilize straw and produce acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) with different efficiency. From the major extracellular enzymes recovery of both strains on rice and wheat straw, we can predicate that the biodegradation process was partial indicating a possible utilization in biological delignification.
Symptom Score for Allergic Rhinitis

Objectives To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in our study population and the correlation between the Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) and nasal smear eosinophil count. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Ear, nose, and throat clinic, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; a 450-bed tertiary health facility. Subjects Two hundred seventy-five consecutive, consenting patients who presented with nasal symptoms. Methods Information on the 8-parameter symptom score was collected using a semistructured questionnaire by interview. Nasal smear slides were air dried, fixed with 95% alcohol, stained using May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain, and examined under a light microscope. Results Of the 275 participants seen during the 1-year study, 116 (42.2%) were males. The mean ± SD age was 38.5 ± 16.3 (range, 14-75) years. Eighty-one (29.5%) were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis using a nasal smear eosinophil count. The most common symptom was excessive sneezing, involving 93% of patients with allergic rhinitis (P < .001). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis using SFAR was 31.6%. The SFAR cutoff was set at >8 (P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity for SFAR were 94.8% (confidence interval [CI], 90.5%-97.4%) and 95.1% (CI, 87.2%-98.4%), respectively. A high Spearman’s correlation (0.88) was obtained for SFAR when correlated with nasal smear eosinophil count. Conclusion The prevalence of allergic rhinitis using SFAR was 31.6%. The study shows that SFAR can be used as a simple, valid diagnostic tool in allergic rhinitis. This is important in rural settings where access to laboratory investigations might not be readily available.