Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Envelope Proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD Motif Families Influence the Size, Shape, and Composition of Chlorosomes in Chlorobaculum tepidum

ABSTRACT The chlorosome envelope of Chlorobaculum tepidum contains 10 proteins that belong to four structural motif families. A previous mutational study (N.-U. Frigaard, H. Li, K. J. Milks, and D. A. Bryant, J. Bacteriol. 186:646-653, 2004) suggested that some of these proteins might have redundant functions. Six multilocus mutants were constructed to test the effects of eliminating the proteins of the CsmC/CsmD and CsmB/CsmF motif families, and the resulting strains were characterized physiologically and biochemically. Mutants lacking all proteins of either motif family still assembled functional chlorosomes, and as measured by growth rates of the mutant strains, light harvesting was affected only at the lowest light intensities tested (9 and 32 μmol photons m−2 s−1). The size, composition, and biogenesis of the mutant chlorosomes differed from those of wild-type chlorosomes. Mutants lacking proteins of the CsmC/CsmD motif family produced smaller chlorosomes than did the wild type, and the Qy absorbance maximum for the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in these chlorosomes was strongly blueshifted. Conversely, the chlorosomes of mutants lacking proteins of the CsmB/CsmF motif family were larger than wild-type chlorosomes, and the Qy absorption for their bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates was redshifted. When CsmH was eliminated in addition to other proteins of either motif family, chlorosomes had smaller diameters. These data show that the chlorosome envelope proteins of the CsmB/CsmF and CsmC/CsmD families play important roles in determining chlorosome size as well as the assembly and supramolecular organization of the bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates within the chlorosome.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus among Farmed Pigs, Ukraine

An outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea occurred in the summer of 2014 in Ukraine, severely affecting piglets <10 days of age; the mortality rate approached 100%. Full genome sequencing showed the virus to be closely related to strains reported from North America, showing a sequence identity of up to 99.8%.
An investigation of the origin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments from Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir, France.

In order to assess the origin and the potential mobility of phosphorus (P) in the sediment of the Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir, France, two sequential extraction schemes, i.e., the SMT (modified Williams method) and the Golterman schemes, were compared. Finally, the potential mobility of P in this sediment was estimated from results of sequential extraction. The SMT method appeared to be more satisfactory than the Golterman method, which is in accordance with results from a study currently carried out in the framework of the European programme Standards, Measurements and Testing. Iron-bound P and organic P were the dominant forms of P in the sediment; these forms are likely to be released at the sediment/water interface in case of anoxia and could diffuse into the water column, thus increasing the risk of eutrophication in this sensitive reservoir. The P stock (330 +/- 66 t) is not negligible and should be taken into account in any restoration project of the reservoir. The SMT procedure seems promising and will provide, in the near future, a valuable tool for water managers in the field of lake restoration.
The Hartung‐Knapp modification for random‐effects meta‐analysis: A useful refinement but are there any residual concerns?

The modified method for random‐effects meta‐analysis, usually attributed to Hartung and Knapp and also proposed by Sidik and Jonkman, is easy to implement and is becoming advocated for general use. Here, we examine a range of potential concerns about the widespread adoption of this method. Motivated by these issues, a variety of different conventions can be adopted when using the modified method in practice. We describe and investigate the use of a variety of these conventions using a new taxonomy of meta‐analysis datasets. We conclude that the Hartung and Knapp modification may be a suitable replacement for the standard method. Despite this, analysts who advocate the modified method should be ready to defend its use against the possible objections to it that we present. We further recommend that the results from more conventional approaches should be used as sensitivity analyses when using the modified method. It has previously been suggested that a common‐effect analysis should be used for this purpose but we suggest amending this recommendation and argue that a standard random‐effects analysis should be used instead.
Antisocial Behavior in School Settings: Initial Differences in an at Risk and Normal Population

This study examines the behavior of two groups of students in fifth grade—a group of students identified as at risk for development of antisocial behavior and a normal control group. Students in the at risk group were identified primarily on the basis of familial variables. Subjects were selected for two separate cohorts that were studied 1 year apart to facilitate the investigation of generality of findings. Subjects' academic engaged time and social interactive behavior in recess settings were observed and teachers completed ratings of different aspects of the students' social skills. Records were inspected for evidence of principal contacts regarding discipline, attendance, and special education services received. Clear differences were indicated in school behavior between the two groups that were replicated across cohorts.
Mental health challenges and resilience in lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults : biological and psychological internalization of minority stress and victimization

This study was a novel exploration of psycho-social and neuroendocrine factors that may contribute to mental health in LGB youth and young adults. Research suggests that, compared to their heterosexual peers, LGB youth and young adults report alarmingly elevated rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and attempts, and lower self-esteem in concert with a much higher incidence of victimization from family and peer-groups. Homophobic societal attitudes compounded with discrimination, marginalization, stigma, and victimization experienced by LGB individuals are thought to contribute to the development of internalized homonegativity (IH) and psychological distress. Research also suggests that victimization and social stressors can dysregulate cortisol activity, leading to increased risk for mood disorders. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the interplay of bio-psycho-social factors that are thought to contribute to positive and negative indices of mental health in a community sample of 63 LGB young adults in Montreal, Canada. Dysregulated diurnal cortisol activity and internalized homonegativity were postulated to function either as mediators or as moderators of the links between parental support, social support and LGB-related stress on the one hand, and depression, anxiety, suicidality and self esteem on the other. LGB young adults experiencing more LGB-related stress had more depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Interaction effects with parental and social support were also found. IH and cortisol were both positively correlated with LGB-related stress. IH and cortisol slope jointly predicted depression, but each uniquely predicted the other measures of mental health. LGB young adults experiencing varying levels of IH benefited from different social relationships. Cortisol slope also moderated the relations between support, victimization and mental health. These results are particularly striking given the overall high-level of mental-health of this particular sample. The findings of this study were in accord with diathesis-stress models of mental health. Implications for understanding the bio-psycho-social basis of mental health and promoting the well-being of LGB young adults were considered, as were limitations imposed by the sample and methodology.
Non-standard couples of angles of rotations

Let M be a smooth compact connected manifold, on which there exists an effective smooth circle action preserving a positive smooth volume. We show that on M, the smooth closure of the smooth volume-preserving conjugation class of some Liouville rotations of angle alpha contains a smooth volume-preserving diffeomorphism T that is metrically isomorphic to an irrational rotation of angle beta on the circle, with alpha different of beta, and with alpha and beta chosen either rationally dependent or rationally independent. In particular, if M is the closed annulus, M admits a smooth ergodic pseudo-rotation T of angle alpha that is metrically isomorphic to the rotation of angle beta. Moreover, T is smoothly tangent to the rotation of angle alpha on the boundary of M.
Low pH-Induced Conformational Change in Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B

ABSTRACT Herpesviruses can enter host cells using pH-dependent endocytosis pathways in a cell-specific manner. Envelope glycoprotein B (gB) is conserved among all herpesviruses and is a critical component of the complex that mediates membrane fusion and entry. Here we demonstrate that mildly acidic pH triggers specific conformational changes in herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB. The antigenic structure of gB was specifically altered by exposure to low pH both in vitro and during entry into host cells. The oligomeric conformation of gB was altered at a similar pH range. Exposure to acid pH appeared to convert virion gB into a lower-order oligomer. The detected conformational changes were reversible, similar to those in other class III fusion proteins. Exposure of purified, recombinant gB to mildly acidic pH resulted in similar changes in conformation and caused gB to become more hydrophobic, suggesting that low pH directly affects gB. We propose that intracellular low pH induces alterations in gB conformation that, together with additional triggers such as receptor binding, are essential for virion-cell fusion during herpesviral entry by endocytosis.
Wives' Shift Work Schedules and Husbands' and Wives' Well-Being in Dual-Earner Couples With Children

In a sample of 55 dual-earner families with children aged 8 to 14 in which the mothers are registered nurses regularly working either day shifts (typically 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) or evening shifts (typically 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.), we estimated the within-couple relationship between the wife's work variables (i.e., work shift, work hours, and the interaction between work shift and work hours) and each spouse's work—family conflict, psychological distress, and marital-role quality. Wives' work variables predicted their own work—family conflict and psychological distress and showed a trend to predict their husbands' work—family conflict.
On-chip optical power measurement by optical force

This paper reports a silicon-based micromachined optical power detector with on-chip measurement ability. The optical power is detected by an integrated electron-tunneling displacement transducer, in which optical force is employed as the bridge between optical energy and mechanical energy transition. Compared with the traditional optical power detectors, which are based on photo absorption, the proposed optical power detector has advantages of small size (0.08 mm × 0.3 mm), low thermal noise (0.03 V/°C), large measurement range (> 20 mW) and wavelength independence. Therefore, it has potential applications as high-speed detecting element in silicon-based photonic chips and lab-on-chip systems.
Impact of thymidine phosphorylase surexpression on fluoropyrimidine activity and on tumour angiogenesis

Tumoral thymidine phosphorylase (TP) appears to play a dual role by being involved in neoangiogenesis and by activating 5FU prodrugs at the tumoral target site. The aim of the study was to investigate more thoroughly these potential physiological and pharmacological roles of TP. A rat carcinoma cell line (PROb) was transfected with TP/PD-ECGF in order to study the effect of the overexpression of this enzyme (1) on the sensitivity of cells to 5′DFUR and 5FU in vitro and (2) on tumour growth in vivo by using a syngenic tumour model in the BDIX rat (hepatic tumours, sub-cutaneous tumours). Cytotoxic effects of 5'DFUR, and to a lesser extent those of 5FU, were enhanced in TP clones as compared to control cells: there was a highly significant correlation between TP activity and in vitro sensitivity to 5'DFUR (r2= 0.91, P = 0.0002, n = 8) and, to a lesser extent, to 5FU (r2= 0.49, P = 0.053, n = 8). The impact of TP transfection on tumour growth was relatively modest and concerned only the initial stages of tumour expansion. Staining of TP tumours for endothelial (factor VIII) cells was always higher than controls. The staining ratio (TP/controls) tended to be reduced as tumours increased in size. The stability of TP expression was checked both in vitro (TP activity measurement) and in vivo (RT-PCR determinations) and there was no loss of TP expression over time which could be advanced to explain the progressive weakening of the impact of TP overexpression on both tumour growth and neoangiogenesis. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Towards a characterization of white spaces databases errors: an empirical study

Spectrum regulators consider geo-location databases as the most reliable source of spectrum information for White Space Devices (WSDs). Geo-location databases protect TV band incumbents by keeping track of TV transmitters, and their protected service areas based on their location, transmission parameters, and sophisticated propagation models. However, propagation models inaccuracies can cause an overestimation of the protected area of TV transmitters leading to the inefficient usage of white spaces. In this paper, we present a large scale study, spanning an area of around 3000 km^2 over a driving path of around 190 km, showing that one of the most accurate propagation models, the Irregular Terrain Model (IMT), overestimates the signal power by up to 97% of the time. Based on this study, we provide a characterization of spectrum sensory readings that can be used to amend the prediction of propagation models. This characterization allows spectrum sensors to detect the absence of white spaces with a fairly high threshold of -84 dbm, which enables low cost and accurate spectrum sensing. Furthermore, we present the initial design of SPOC, a system that combines spectrum sensing and propagation modeling in order to better detect white spaces.
Effect of contact location on vibrotactile thresholds at the fingertip

Vibrotactile thresholds depend on the characteristics of the vibration, the location of contact with the skin, and the geometry of the contact with the skin. This experimental study investigated vibrotactile thresholds (from 8 to 250 Hz) at five locations on the distal phalanx of the finger with two contactors: (i) a 1-mm diameter circular probe (0.78-mm2 area) with a 1-mm gap to a fixed circular surround (i.e., 7.1-mm2 excitation area), and (ii) a 6-mm diameter circular probe (28-mm2 area) with a 2-mm gap to a fixed circular surround (i.e., 79-mm2 excitation area). With both contactors, especially the smaller contactor at low frequencies (i.e., 8, 16, and 31.5 Hz), thresholds decreased towards the tip of the finger, although there was little variation around the whorl. With low frequencies of vibration, and at all five locations on the finger, similar thresholds were obtained with both contactors, consistent with the NPI channel not changing in sensitivity with a change in the area of stimulation. At high frequencies (i.e., 63, 125, and 250 Hz), thresholds were lower with the larger area of stimulation at all locations, except at the extreme tip of the finger, consistent with spatial summation in the Pacinian channel. It is concluded that with a 6-mm diameter contactor, moderate variations in location around the whorl have little influence on the measured thresholds. With the 1-mm diameter contactor there were greater variations in thresholds and extreme locations, near the nail and the distal interphalangeal joint, may be unsuitable for investigating sensorineural disorders.
On the geometry of some strata of uni-singular curves

We study geometric properties of linear strata of uni-singular curves. The singularities of closures of the strata are resolved and the resolutions are represent as projective bundles. This enables to study their geometry. In particular we calculate the Picard groups of the strata and the intersection rings of the closures of the strata. The rational equivalence classes of some geometric cycles on the strata are calculated. As an auxiliary problem we discuss the collision of two singular points, restrictions on possible resulting singularity types and solve the collision problem in several cases. Then we present some cases of enumeration of curves with two singular points, one of them being a node.
Perspective: targeting nitric oxide in the adjuvant therapy of sepsis and meningitis.

In 1977, the vasodilators nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were shown to act by way of nitric oxide-mediated stimulation of guanylate cyclase [1]. Nitric oxide was first detected by direct measurement in human, monkey, and rat blood in 1978; however, the importance of this potentially monumental observation was overlooked in part because it was not determined if the source of nitric oxide was endogenous or exogenous (an endogenous source was, however, postulated) [2]. Five years later, Wagner et al. [3] demonstrated that rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) excreted high amounts of urinary nitrate [3], prompting investigation of the cell types or tissues involved. In 1985, mammalian macrophages were shown to make nitrite [4], further stimulating interest as to the pathways that lead to this product. Meanwhile, in another line of investigation, Furchgott and Zawadzki [5] demonstrated in a landmark 1980 paper that a factor derived from endothelial cells mediated vascular relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. This factor, named endothelium-derived relaxation factor (EDRF), was subsequently shown to be highly labile (half-life ~3 s) and inactivated by superoxide. Several vasodilators exerted their effects through EDRF, and EDRF in turn exerted its effect through activation of guanylate cyclase. The identification of EDRF as nitric oxide was first suggested in 1986 independently by R. F. Furchgott and L. J. Ignarro, on the basis of circumstantial evidence: Nitric oxide, like EDRF, was a potent vasodilator that had a half-life of ~3 s and was highly reactive with superoxide [6]. Investigations of the metabolic origins of mammalian nitrite and nitrate and the biochemical nature of EDRF consummated in a seminal publication the following year by Palmer et al. [7] that provided direct proof that EDRF was indeed nitric oxide. From this point, the field expanded in big-bang fashion, producing > 14,000 medical publications on nitric oxide in the next 10 years (1987-1997).
Earnings Misstatements , Restatements , and Corporate Governance

This study examines how the corporate governance characteristics of firms restating previouslyreported accounting data change from the initial misstatement to the restatement. We endeavour to obtain insights into the changes that lead to the detection and correction of financial misreporting. By contrast, prior studies on restatements, concerned with the causes of misreporting, have focused their investigations around either the misstatement or the restatement period, but not both. We find that prior to misstatements, misstating firms are more likely to have CEOs who sit on nominating committees, less independent boards of directors, and less independent audit committees relative to control firms. Our results indicate that pre-misstatement agency conflicts are not resolved prior to restatements. Boards and audit committees continue to be relatively less independent at the time of the restatement. We also find that restating firms are more likely to experience CFO turnover. Based on the results, we conclude that the restatements, which constitute an admission and correction of accounting irregularities or material errors, are not attributable to governance improvements in firms.
Study of Correlation between Dominant Hand's Grip Strength and Some Physical Factors in Adult Males and Females

A B S T R A C T indicate the statistical significance. Results: The dominant hand's grip strength in males (M) and females (F) have significant positive correlation (P 0.05) with WC (r = 0.180 (M), 0.102 (F)) and WHR (r = 0.058 (M), 0.101 (F)). Conclusion: Our study showed the significant positive correlation of dominant hand's grip strength with age, body height, body weight, BMI and hand span of dominant hand. Weak positive but not significant, correlation of handgrip strength was also observed with WC and WHR. More research work is needed to obtain the precise correlation of these variables with handgrip strength of dominant hand
I owe you: age-related similarities and differences in associative memory for gains and losses

ABSTRACT Older adults often experience associative memory impairments but can sometimes remember important information. The current experiments investigate potential age-related similarities and differences associate memory for gains and losses. Younger and older participants were presented with faces and associated dollar amounts, which indicated how much money the person “owed” the participant, and were later given a cued recall test for the dollar amount. Experiment 1 examined face-dollar amount pairs while Experiment 2 included negative dollar amounts to examine both gains and losses. While younger adults recalled more information relative to older adults, both groups were more accurate in recalling the correct value associated with high-value faces compared to lower-value faces and remembered gist-information about the values. However, negative values (losses) did not have a strong impact on recall among older adults versus younger adults, illustrating important associative memory differences between younger and older adults.
Adrenocortical insufficiency and refractory hypotension in preterm infants

Preterm, very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are prone to life-threatening hypotension secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis immaturity, resulting in adrenocortical insufficiency. Clinical presentations of inotrope-resistant refractory hypotension are usually evident, but interpretation of serum cortisol may pose much difficulty to front-line neonatologists. This review examines the salient pathophysiology of adrenocortical insufficiency in the immediate postnatal period, characterises its endocrinological abnormalities, and describes the typical and variant clinical presentations. Based on existing evidence, a practical scheme is proposed for logical interpretation of circulating cortisol levels and management of inotrope-resistant refractory hypotension in VLBW infants.