Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Alienated From Not Alienated Children: A Pilot Study

The subjects of this study were 40 consecutive children in a child therapy and evaluation agency, half of whom were seen for reunification therapy and half for other reasons related to parent–child difficulties in the context of high-conflict divorce. Children completed a 28-item paper-and-pencil questionnaire regarding their thoughts and feelings about their parents to assess the degree to which their statements reflected unjustified alienation from one parent and alignment with the other. Responses to the questionnaires were coded by the first author as reflective of alienation or not. Case files were independently reviewed by agency staff for presence of indicated abuse, and clinicians independently rated the children's resistance to treatment services. Findings revealed that presence of alienation was found in all but one reunification therapy case and in only four of the nonreunification cases. In addition, the children who were coded as exhibiting alienation were rated by their clinicians as significantly more resistant to treatment. Only one alienated child had an indicated abuse or neglect finding in the file, as opposed to five in the not-alienated group. These data highlight the unique configuration of behaviors and attitudes of alienated children and contribute to the knowledge base about how to evaluate and identify them.
Subclinical alexithymia modulates early audio-visual perceptive and attentional event-related potentials

Introduction: Previous studies have highlighted the advantage of using audio–visual oddball tasks (instead of unimodal ones) in order to electrophysiologically index subclinical behavioral differences. Since alexithymia is highly prevalent in the general population, we investigated whether the use of various bimodal tasks could elicit emotional effects in low- vs. high-alexithymic scorers. Methods: Fifty students (33 females and 17 males) were split into groups based on low and high scores on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). During event-related potential (ERP) recordings, they were exposed to three kinds of audio–visual oddball tasks: neutral-AVN—(geometrical forms and bips), animal-AVA—(dog and cock with their respective shouts), or emotional-AVE—(faces and voices) stimuli. In each condition, participants were asked to quickly detect deviant events occurring amongst a train of repeated and frequent matching stimuli (e.g., push a button when a sad face–voice pair appeared amongst a train of neutral face–voice pairs). P100, N100, and P300 components were analyzed: P100 refers to visual perceptive and attentional processing, N100 to auditory ones, and the P300 relates to response-related stages, involving memory processes. Results: High-alexithymic scorers presented a particular pattern of results when processing the emotional stimulations, reflected in early ERP components by increased P100 and N100 amplitudes in the emotional oddball tasks [P100: F(2, 48) = 20,319, p < 0.001; N100: F(2, 96) = 8,807, p = 0.001] as compared to the animal or neutral ones. Indeed, regarding the P100, subjects exhibited a higher amplitude in the AVE condition (8.717 μV), which was significantly different from that observed during the AVN condition (4.382 μV, p < 0.001). For the N100, the highest amplitude was found in the AVE condition (−4.035 μV) and the lowest was observed in the AVN condition (−2.687 μV, p = 0.003). However, no effect was found on the later P300 component. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high-alexithymic scorers require heightened early attentional resources in comparison to low scorers, particularly when confronted with emotional bimodal stimuli.
EFFECTS OF CALCIUM REMOVAL ON BULLFROG GASTRIC MUCOSA.

Removal of calcium from isolated bullfrog gastric mucosae by serial washings in calcium-free solutions or by the addition of EDTA or citrate caused a fall in transmucosal potential difference, a rise in the mucosal conductance, and an apparent decrease in the rate of acid secretion as measured by the pH stat method. Unless the potential difference fell to values very nearly zero the short-circuit current was not significantly decreased. Unidirectional fluxes of chloride in both directions across the mucosa were increased by EDTA, but the net flux, or actively transported chloride, was not significantly altered. This suggests that the removal of calcium by these methods does not interfere with active chloride transport. The increased movement of sodium and sucrose across the mucosa after EDTA suggests that a large part of the permeability change is occurring at the spaces between cells. Because of the large permeability changes accompanying removal of calcium it is postulated that the process of H + production is not directly inhibited.
Palaeoecological evidence of a historical collapse of corals at Pelorus Island, inshore Great Barrier Reef, following European settlement

The inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have undergone significant declines in water quality following European settlement (approx. 1870 AD). However, direct evidence of impacts on coral assemblages is limited by a lack of historical baselines prior to the onset of modern monitoring programmes in the early 1980s. Through palaeoecological reconstructions, we report a previously undocumented historical collapse of Acropora assemblages at Pelorus Island (central GBR). High-precision U-series dating of dead Acropora fragments indicates that this collapse occurred between 1920 and 1955, with few dates obtained after 1980. Prior to this event, our results indicate remarkable long-term stability in coral community structure over centennial scales. We suggest that chronic increases in sediment flux and nutrient loading following European settlement acted as the ultimate cause for the lack of recovery of Acropora assemblages following a series of acute disturbance events (SST anomalies, cyclones and flood events). Evidence for major degradation in reef condition owing to human impacts prior to modern ecological surveys indicates that current monitoring of inshore reefs on the GBR may be predicated on a significantly shifted baseline.
On the Decidability of HTN Planning with Task Insertion

The field of deterministic AI planning can roughly be divided into two approaches -- classical state-based planning and hierarchical task network (HTN) planning. The plan existence problem of the former is known to be decidable while it has been proved undecidable for the latter. When extending HTN planning by allowing the unrestricted insertion of tasks and ordering constraints, one obtains a form of planning which is often referred to as "hybrid planning". We present a simplified formalization of HTN planning with and without task insertion. We show that the plan existence problem is undecidable for the HTN setting without task insertion and that it becomes decidable when allowing task insertion. In the course of the proof, we obtain an upper complexity bound of EXPSPACE for the plan existence problem for propositional HTN planning with task insertion.
Patients with advanced cancer and depression report a significantly higher symptom burden than non-depressed patients

Abstract Objective Clinical observations indicate that patients with advanced cancer and depression report higher symptom burden than nondepressed patients. This is rarely examined empirically. Study aim was to investigate the association between self-reported depression disorder (DD) and symptoms in patients with advanced cancer controlled for prognostic factors. Method The sample included 935 patients, mean age 62, 52% males, from an international multicentre observational study (European Palliative Care Research Collaborative – Computerised Symptom Assessment and Classification of Pain, Depression and Physical Function). DD was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and scored with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 algorithm for major depressive disorder, excluding somatic symptoms. Symptom burden was assessed by summing scores on somatic Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) symptoms, excluding depression, anxiety, and well-being. Item-by-item scores and symptom burden of those with and without DD were compared using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests. The relative importance of sociodemographic, medical, and prognostic factors and DD in predicting symptom burden was assessed by hierarchical, multiple regression analyses. Result Patients with DD reported significantly higher scores on ESAS items and a twofold higher symptom burden compared with those without. Factors associated with higher symptom burden were as follows. Diagnosis: lung (β = 0.15, p < 0.001) or breast cancer (β = 0.08, p < 0.05); poorer prognosis: high C-reactive protein (β = 0.08, p < 0.05), lower Karnofsky Performance Status (β = −0.14, p < 0.001), and greater weight loss (β = −0.15, p < 0.001); taking opioids (β = 0.11, p < 0.01); and having DD (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). The full model explained 18% of the variance in symptom burden. DD explained 4.4% over and above that explained by all the other variables. Significance of results Depression in patients with advanced cancer is associated with higher symptom burden. These results encourage improved routines for identifying and treating those suffering from depression.
Narrativa Seriada e Questões Étnico-Raciais: Telenovela como Recurso Comunicativo de Visibilidade da Etnicidade Negra

Partindo do contexto étnico-racial brasileiro e da produção de narrativa seriada no país, aborda-se a possibilidade da telenovela brasileira como “recurso comunicativo” e “ação pedagógica” (LOPES, 2009). O objeto empírico do estudo é a telenovela “Lado a Lado” (Rede Globo, 2012), com a intenção de identificar possíveis avanços na representação dos negros a partir do atual contexto da ficção seriada brasileira.
Sensitization of human malignant lymphoid cells to etoposide by fucoidan, a brown seaweed polysaccharide.

UNLABELLED The search for the substances sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic agents is a task of high importance in the modern strategy of anticancer therapy. THE AIM of the study was to investigate the apoptogenic and apoptosis-modulating activities of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) isolated from far-eastern brown seaweeds Fucus evanescens in two human malignant lymphoid cell lines, MT-4 and Namalwa. METHODS Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and quantified by flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide. Caspase-3 activation was assayed by flow cytometry with the aid of labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS The fucoidan at 500 microg/ml was not cytotoxic in MT-4 or Namalwa cells even in the setting of long-term presence in culture medium up to 14 days. Nevertheless, pretreatment of MT-4 but not Namalwa cells with fucoidan followed by the exposure to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide led to about two-fold increase in the relative apoptotic index as compared with etoposide alone. Apoptosis enhancement of MT-4 cells by fucoidan was not accompanied by further increase in the number of the cells with active form of caspase-3. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrate for the first time that fucoidan enhances etoposide induced caspase-dependent cell death pathway in MT-4 but not Namalwa cell line. The mechanisms of such enhancement do not seem to be related directly to caspase-3 activation.
Patriarchy and Singlehood Among Women in Lagos, Nigeria

Singleness for women beyond the age considered conventional for marriage is regarded as a misnomer in Nigeria. Such women are pitied and blamed for their status. Often the blame is based on assumed personal character defect of the women. Nevertheless, empirical research by some sociologists and other women scholars has linked singlehood to demographic, economic, religious, and personal causative factors. Building on these past studies, this article employed aspects of Silvia Walby’s “theorising patriarchy” to examine patriarchy, a structural determinant of singlehood that has not received much attention in the study of singlehood in Nigeria. Twenty-nine involuntary, childless, never-married women aged 30 to 48 years were interviewed in urban Lagos, Nigeria. The women’s narratives revealed the limiting effects of the six patriarchal structures identified by Walby in their opportunities to marry. This study provides relevant information for attainment of Nigeria’s gender policy and contributes to intercultural understanding of singlehood.
Intraarterial versus IV gadolinium injections for MR angiography: quantitative and qualitative assessment of the infrainguinal arteries.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to quantitatively and qualitatively compare 3D intraarterial (IA) gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (IA MRA) versus the standard of reference of MR angiography, 3D IV gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (IV MRA), in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) for use during catheter-based MR-guided endovascular interventions. CONCLUSION IA MRA provides image quality of the infrainguinal arteries in PAOD patients comparable to IV MRA with a significantly improved assessment of the infrapopliteal arteries due to reduced venous contamination. Further benefits of IA MRA include usage of only very low doses of gadolinium and simplified bolus timing.
Impact of Teacher’s Background and Behavior on Students Learning

Abstract The major purpose of the study was to identify the impact of teacher’s background and teacher’s behavior on students learning. The present study is descriptive in nature. The data were collected from the wide verity of sources. Due to the financial constraint, it was delimited to two districts of Sahiwal division, i.e., Pakpattan and Sahiwal. The population of the study comprised of 4746 teachers, 164876 students and 237 secondary and higher secondary schools in public sector in the division of Sahiwal. The present study aimed to explore the data about the teachers’ background and their behavior on students learning. In order to determine these variables, the researcher developed a questionnaire on the five point Likert scale. Supervisor and other educational experts were consulted during the development of instrument before the finalization and validation of questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed among the students of two districts of Sahiwal division. The instrument of study revised through piloting the items the data were collected by researcher personally and with the help of brothers and friends. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Finally 850 questionnaires were returned back to the respondents representing the sample of the study. It was survey type study. This is an in-depth study of students learning in English subjects regarding the teacher’s background and teacher’s behavior. The study generated following major findings that majority of teachers follow text books while teaching; provide information other than text book, they regular and punctual, their style of teaching help the students in learning. These teachers are co-operative with students but they did not ignore the mistakes of their students. However, they care about the emotions of students and give them moral training. Moreover the overall impact of teachers’ behavior on students learning was not significant. Keywords: Teachers' Behavior, Behavior and Learning
Near-infrared spectroscopic photon emission microscopy of 0.13 μm silicon nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs

Near-infrared photon emission spectra were obtained from the frontside of silicon nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs with a gate length of 0.13 mum and biased into saturation. These spectra were obtained using a high sensitivity in-lens spectroscopic photon emission microscope. Frontside NIR photon emission spectroscopy are performed on 0.13 mum saturated nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs at different gate and drain bias. The nMOSFETs photon emission spectra obtained are significantly different from some previously reported photon emission spectra. The NIR photon emission spectra of the nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs have similar peaks and suggest that the electric field condition in the channels of the nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs are similar.
Epidemiology of brain lymphoma among people with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS/Cancer Study Group.

BACKGROUND In recent years, brain lymphoma incidence has dramatically increased, presumably because of elevated risk of brain lymphoma among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PURPOSE The objective of this study was to estimate independent incidence and survival rates of brain lymphoma among persons with or without AIDS and to understand the epidemiologic features of this cancer. METHODS We linked AIDS and cancer registry reports at nine state and local health departments and compared the demographics, histology, and survival of brain lymphoma cases among persons with or without AIDS. The data were limited to people under 70 years of age. We calculated the incidence of brain lymphoma among persons with AIDS and compared observed cases with those expected. The differences were statistically analyzed using the Poisson test. Epidemiologic features of brain lymphoma in persons with or without AIDS were compared using the chi-squared test, the Student's t test, and the chi-squared test for linear trend. The logrank test was used to compare survival rates estimated by the Kaplan-Meier technique. All P values were two-sided. RESULTS We matched 50,989 AIDS registry reports to 859,398 cancer registry reports (data from 1981 to 1990) and found 431 people with both AIDS and brain lymphoma. Among people with AIDS, those developing brain lymphoma versus those without brain lymphoma were more likely to be white (70% versus 59%; P < .001) and had homosexuality as their only human immunodeficiency virus risk factor (75% versus 64%; P < .001). Of the 431 patients, 223 developed brain lymphomas during 47,465 person-years of observation after diagnosis of AIDS. The absolute incidence rate of brain lymphoma among persons with AIDS was 4.7/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval = 4.1-5.3/1000 person-years), 3600-fold higher than the base-line rate in the general population. From 1980 through 1989, overall counts of brain lymphoma increased ninefold. Most of this increase was derived from persons with AIDS, but a substantial increase also occurred among persons without AIDS (0.04/100,000 in 1982 to 0.28/100,000 in 1989) (chi-squared test for trend; P < .05). The median survival was shortest for persons with AIDS and brain lymphoma (2 months), was intermediate for persons with brain lymphoma without AIDS (5-7 months), and was longest for persons with AIDS without brain lymphoma (14 months) (P < .05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS This analysis distinguishes the separate epidemiologies of brain lymphoma incidence among persons with or without AIDS and shows brain lymphoma incidence among persons with AIDS to be several thousand-fold higher than that in the general population. The study documents the overwhelming effect of AIDS-associated brain lymphoma on the overall rate in the general population and demonstrates a significantly rising trend, although of a lesser magnitude, among persons without AIDS. IMPLICATIONS This study emphasizes a greater need to bring health care resources to this burgeoning epidemic.
Alternative Reproductive Tactics in the Azorean RockPool Blenny , Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis

*Unidade de Investigação em Eco-Etologia, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1100 Lisbon, Portugal; †Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-810 Faro, Portugal; ‡Life Sciences, Arizona State University West, 4701 West Thunderbird Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85069-7100; and §Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Azores, Horta, Açores, Portugal
5'-Nucleotidase activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Cellular distribution and effects of endocytosis

The diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid (DASA) can inactivate about 80% of the total 5'-nucleotidase of viable macrophages. The remaining 20% can be inactivated if the cells are first lysed in detergent, and presumably represents an intracellular pool of 5'-nucleotidase. The bulk of this pool may represent cytoplasmic vesicles derived from plasma membrane by endocytosis. This internal compartment is expanded up to threefold immediately after the cells have ingested a large latex load. This is consistent with previous observations on the internalization of 5'-nucleotidase in latex phagosomes. In latex-filled cells this intracellular pool of enzyme is inactivated over a few hours, and the cells then slowly increase their enzyme activity to nearly normal levels. However, 24 h after latex ingestion the metabolism of 5'-nucleotidase in these recovered cells is abnormal, as the rate of enzyme degradation is about twice the normal rate, and the DASA-insensitive enzyme pool in these cells is strikingly diminished. This may reflect effects of the accumulated indigestible particles on the fate of incoming pinocytic vesicles or on newly synthesized plasma membrane precursor. Another endocytic stimulus, concanavalin A, also reduces the total cell 5'-nucleotidase activity. This effect, which is time and temperature dependent, can be prevented by the competitive sugar alpha-methyl mannose. The concanavalin A inhibition can be reversed in the absence of new protein synthesis or in cells cultivated in serum-free conditions. It is not known whether the effect of concanavalin A on 5'-nucleotidase depends upon the interiorizaiton of plasma membrane or is strictly associated with events at the cell surface.
Homelessness and the Mobile Shelter System: Public Transportation as Shelter

Abstract Those without housing often use public space differently than those who are housed. This can cause dilemmas for and conflicts among public officials as guardians of public space and goods. In this paper, we look at one such utilisation of space from the perspective of those who board 24-hour public transportation routes and ride the bus all night for shelter. We describe the results of a preliminary survey, observations and informal conversations with unhoused riders on the bus over three nights in one county in the United States. We found that a substantial number of the unhoused riders we surveyed used the bus as their main form of night-time shelter throughout the year, and that some have ridden the bus for shelter for many years. Men were more likely to say that they used the bus to sleep, while women rode the bus for safety. While some unhoused riders also utilised shelters or did not know about other shelter options, many actively choose the bus over emergency shelters. The potential implications of the study for service providers, researchers and policy-makers are addressed.
Pursuit of pleasure, engagement, and meaning: Relationships to subjective and objective measures of well-being

Pleasure, engagement, and meaning are all unique predictors of individuals’ well-being. We explored the relationship between the pursuit of each of these pathways and well-being. Participants (N = 13,565) visited a website and completed a measure about their orientation toward pleasure, engagement, and meaning as a pathway to happiness as well as measures of subjective and objective well-being (OWB). All three pathways correlated with higher levels of subjective well-being (SWB). Pursuing engagement and meaning, however, were more strongly related to SWB than pursuing pleasure. Objective indicators of well-being, including measures of occupational and educational attainment, displayed a similar pattern, with engagement and meaning positively related, whereas pleasure was negatively related. Although these results are merely correlational, it suggests that engaging and meaningful activities may have stronger influences on well-being than pursuing pleasure.