Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural models of the labour market and the impact and design of tax policies

This dissertation is concerned with the estimation of structural models of the labour market and the application of these models in both evaluating policy reforms, and exploring their implications for taxation design. The programme that is at the centre of much of the empirical exploration in this thesis is the British Working Families’ Tax Credit (WFTC), which during its lifetime, provided the main form of in-work support for lower income families with children. The first chapter of this thesis estimates a discrete choice hours of work model using data from before and after the introduction of WFTC. To the extent that behavioural responses to tax reforms are informative about preferences, it uses the estimated model directly to explore problems related to the optimal design of the tax and transfer system. It derives new theoretical results and empirically explores the extent to which the tax authorities may wish to condition the tax schedule on age of children. Given the use of hours contingent payments in the UK tax credit system, it also investigates the desirability of including a measure of hours of work in the tax base. The second and third chapters of this thesis firstly develop the methodology, and then consider how our view of programmes such as WFTC is affected once the presence of labour market frictions and the importance of job search activity is acknowledged. In doing so, it greatly extends the empirical equilibrium job search literature. By introducing the monopsonistic behaviour of firms, it considers how these firms may optimally adjust their wages following the introduction of programmes which encourage work, such as WFTC. The equilibrium impact of the reform on a range of outcomes for both WFTC-eligible and non-eligible workers is assessed.
Regulation of a novel immediate early response gene, IEX-1, in keratinocytes by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] regulates cellular growth and differentiation. We show that in keratinocytes, 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 reduces concentrations of the messenger RNA of IEX-1, the product of which blocks Fas- or tumor necrosis factor type alpha-induced apoptosis in various cells. In sub-confluent keratinocyte cultures, the addition of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, in amounts that induce growth arrest, reduces IEX-1 mRNA concentrations. In confluent cells, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 initially reduces and then increases IEX-1 mRNA concentrations. IEX-1 protein is localized in the nucleus and perinuclear region of keratinocytes. In sub-confluent cells, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 translocates IEX-1 protein from the nucleus to the perinuclear region and cytoplasm. Since IEX-1 has recently been shown to regulate cell survival and number, we suggest that IEX-1 may play a role in keratinocyte growth and differentiation and that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 may reduce keratinocyte growth via a reduction in IEX-1 mRNA and a change in the intracellular distribution of IEX-1 protein.
Determination of environmental, social and corporate governance indicators: framework in the measurement of sustainable performance

The article is concerned with determination of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) indicators of performance. The objective of carried-out empirical research is to determine ESG indicators as a key framework of the measurement of sustainable performance of a company in its Sustainable Reporting. On the basis of conducted empirical research, applying factor analysis, the environmental, social and corporate governance indicators for companies active in the processing industries CZ-NACE have been specified. The indicators were selected in a series of successive phases by a multi-factor analysis. The results of factor analysis indicated that the factors fall into three measurement categories: environmental ( Investments, Emissions, Source Consumption, Waste ), social ( Society, Human Rights, Labour Practices and Decent Work, Product Responsibility ), and corporate governance ( Monitoring and Reporting, Corporate Governance Effectiveness, Corporate Governance Structure, Compliance ). This article contributes to the effort to solve measurement of performance of the corporate sustainability and proposal to conceptual framework of ESG indicators of performance for the Sustainability Reporting of Czech companies operating in the processing industry.
Computational Modeling of Cellular Effects Post-Irradiation with Low- and High-Let Particles and Different Absorbed Doses

The use of computational methods to improve the understanding of biological responses to various types of radiation is an approach where multiple parameters can be modelled and a variety of data is generated. This study compares cellular effects modelled for low absorbed doses against high absorbed doses. The authors hypothesized that low and high absorbed doses would contribute to cell killing via different mechanisms, potentially impacting on targeted tumour radiotherapy outcomes. Cellular kinetics following irradiation with selective low- and high-linear energy transfer (LET) particles were investigated using the Virtual Cell (VC) radiobiology algorithm. Two different cell types were assessed using the VC radiobiology algorithm: human fibroblasts and human crypt cells. The results showed that at lower doses (0.01 to 0.2 Gy), all radiation sources used were equally able to induce cell death (p>0.05, ANOVA). On the other hand, at higher doses (1.0 to 8.0 Gy), the radiation response was LET and dose dependent (p<0.05, ANOVA). The data obtained suggests that the computational methods used might provide some insight into the cellular effects following irradiation. The results also suggest that it may be necessary to re-evaluate cellular radiation-induced effects, particularly at low doses that could affect therapeutic effectiveness.
Financial Distress for U.S. Lodging Industry: Effects of Leverage, Capital Intensity, and Internationalization

Cost implications from financial distress play a significant role in a firm’s operation and profitability. Due to the significant importance of financial distress, understanding its determinants has had wide examination in the financial economics literature. This study examines three main determinants of the financial distress: leverage, capital intensity, and internationalization, for publicly traded U.S. lodging firms for the period 1990 to 2008. Findings suggest that leverage increases U.S. lodging firms’ financial distress while capital intensity and internationalization reduce distress.
Complementarities Affecting the Returns to Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to determine which firm strategies, perceived benefits of innovation and objectives for innovating in various manufacturing industries are indeed complementary with innovation. The test for complementarity is performed by proving that the data satisfies a set of supermodularity parametric equation restrictions. Our estimation results, from Canada's national innovation survey, show a wide variation in complements affecting the perception of the value of innovation to a firm. In terms of profit, complementary variable pairs for world‐first innovators exceed those of firms who report a Canada‐first or firm‐first innovation. With labour productivity, complementary variable pairs for the Canada‐first innovators exceed those of the world‐ and firm‐first innovators. It is readily apparent though, that a high‐technology industry does not necessarily equate to a high degree of complementarity.
Teacher Education in Nigeria: An Overview

The paper stresses the importance of teacher education and briefly examined the development of teacher in Nigeria. The (NCE) National Certificate in Education is seen as an important and basic requirement for teachers to practice. The objectives of teacher education and the role of Commission for Colleges of Education as well as the Curriculum of the NCE were examined by the paper. African Research Review Vol. 1 (2) 2007: pp. 130-140
Changes in Economic Activity, Skills and Inequality in the Service Economy

This paper aims to understand how wage inequality is associated with different level and kind of skills in service economy. Our logic of argument, changes in economic activity and skills in the service economy, is suggested following our observation on changes in skill by examining the International Standard of Industrial Classification of all Economies (ISIC) and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Then we examine how the service sector contributes to total income inequality since the 1980s through conducting a MLD (Mean Logarithmic Deviation) based decomposition analysis with four selected countries, Germany, United States, Sweden and Taiwan, using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database. Overall, the findings suggest that inequality within the service sector contributes most to total inequality. Among the three skill levels in service sector, inequality within the middle skill level contributed most to the total service sector inequality in all four selected countries.
Comparison between simulated and observed chemical composition of fine aerosols in Paris (France) during springtime: contribution of regional versus continental emissions

Abstract. Hourly concentrations of inorganic salts (ions) and carbonaceous material in fine aerosols (aerodynamic diameter, A.D. 15 μg m−3 were characterized by air masses of continental (North-Western Europe) origin and chemical composition made by 75% of ions. By contrast, periods with clean marine air masses have shown the lowest PM2.5 concentrations (typically of about 10 μg m−3); carbonaceous aerosols contributing for most of this mass (typically 75%). In order to better discriminate between local and continental contributions to the observed chemical composition and concentrations of PM2.5 over Paris, a comparative study was performed between this time-resolved dataset and the outputs of a chemistry transport model (CHIMERE), showing a relatively good capability of the model to reproduce the time-limited intense maxima observed in the field for PM2.5 and ion species. Different model scenarios were then investigated switching off local and European (North-Western and Central) emissions. Results of these scenarios have clearly shown that most of the ions observed over Paris during polluted periods, were either transported or formed in-situ from gas precursors transported from Northern Europe. On the opposite, long-range transport from Europe appeared to weakly contribute to the levels of carbonaceous aerosols observed over Paris. The model failed to properly account for the concentration levels and variability of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) determined experimentally by the EC-tracer method. The abundance of SOA (relatively to organic aerosol, OA) was as much as 75%, showing a weak dependence on air masses origin. Elevated SOA/OA ratios were also observed for air masses having residence time above ground of less than 10 h, suggesting intense emissions and/or photochemical processes leading to rapid formation of secondary organic aerosols.
Choline acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the rat septal complex: A combined light and electron microscopic study

A monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, was used to determine the morphological characteristics of cholinergic neurons and axon terminals within the rat septum. Light microscopy revealed numerous large fusiform or multipolar ChAT‐immunoreactive neurons in the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band complex (MSDB). In contrast, virtually no immunostained cells were found in the lateral septum (Nc. septalis dorsalis and Nc. septalis lateralis). Fine immunostained fibers were most abundant close to the midline in the MSDB mainly following an ascending course. A few thin ChAT‐immunoreactive fibers and terminallike pericellular punctate stuctures were observed in the inner part of the dorsal septal nucleus.
Empirical Tests Of Hypothetical Bias In Consumers' Surplus Surveys

Questionnaire surveys are an established economic research method for eliciting consumers' surplus values. However, the necessarily hypothetical nature of surveys may not promote truthful responses. In 17 empirical tests, actual money donations were elicited and compared to hypothetical donations elicited previously. In all 17, there was no statistical difference between the actual and hypothetical willingness to pay. Hypothetical bias was therefore absent in all these tests.
Adversarial Network Embedding

Learning low-dimensional representations of networks has proved effective in a variety of tasks such as node classification, link prediction and network visualization. Existing methods can effectively encode different structural properties into the representations, such as neighborhood connectivity patterns, global structural role similarities and other high-order proximities. However, except for objectives to capture network structural properties, most of them suffer from lack of additional constraints for enhancing the robustness of representations. In this paper, we aim to exploit the strengths of generative adversarial networks in capturing latent features, and investigate its contribution in learning stable and robust graph representations. Specifically, we propose an Adversarial Network Embedding (ANE) framework, which leverages the adversarial learning principle to regularize the representation learning. It consists of two components, i.e., a structure preserving component and an adversarial learning component. The former component aims to capture network structural properties, while the latter contributes to learning robust representations by matching the posterior distribution of the latent representations to given priors. As shown by the empirical results, our method is competitive with or superior to state-of-the-art approaches on benchmark network embedding tasks.
Changes in Japan's Labor Market Flows due to the Lost Decade

We construct worker flows for the Japanese labor market in an internationally comparable manner, and study the consequences of the deep and lasting recession of the 1990s in the Japanese labor market. We analyze the changes in employment, unemployment and inactivity, as well as the worker flows between this states by using detailed Labor Force Survey micro-data from 1983 to 2008. In order to understand what type of worker was most affected by the long recession, we disaggregate the data according to several worker and employer's characteristics. We find that the so-called Lost Decade of the 1990s changed the state of the labor market from all the previous points of view, although some types of workers were more affected than others.
A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory

Purpose – The authors perform a large‐scale literature review and use conceptual theory building to introduce the concept of sustainability to the field of supply chain management and demonstrate the relationships among environmental, social, and economic performance within a supply chain management context.Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual theory building is used to develop a framework and propositions representing a middle theory of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Findings – The authors introduce the concept of sustainability – the integration of environmental, social, and economic criteria that allow an organization to achieve long‐term economic viability – to the logistics literature, and position sustainability within the broader rubric of SSCM. They then present a framework of SSCM and develop research propositions based on resource dependence theory, transaction cost economics, population ecology, and the resource‐based view of the firm. The authors conclude by discussing manageri.
Measurement and Sources of Income Inequality Among Rural and Urban Households in Nigeria

Income inequality and poverty are closely related. This study decomposed income inequality in Nigeria using the Gini-decomposition, regression-based and Shapley approaches. Results show that in 2004, income inequality is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The study also noted that employment income increases inequality while agricultural income decreases inequality. Factors suchs as urbanization, residence in the southwest zone, household size, the house head's formal education, number of time suffered from illness, engagement in a paid job, involvement in a non-farm business, formal credit and informal credit contributed to the increased income inequality. Between 1998 and 2004, income redistribution and income growth increased poverty. The study recommended that welfare enhancing programs that will benefit urban/rural poor should be identified, while better economic opportunities should be created for those in rural areas.
The nature and practice of strategic planning in Egypt

This paper aims to fill a gap in the literature of strategic management by providing a profile of organizations working in Egypt regarding their practice of strategic planning. Based upon responses from 120 organizations, the respondents have a positive attitude towards strategic planning. There are relatively few significant differences in the findings between manufacturing and service organizations compared with the differences between local and foreign organizations and also between small and large organizations. Unexpectedly, a high percentage of the respondents are not familiar with some of what are seen as the traditional tools of strategic management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alliances and Return Predictability

Building on the growing literature on interfirm links and limited attention, we find evidence of return predictability across alliance partners. A longâ€“short portfolio sorted on lagged returns of strategic alliance partners provides a return of 89 basis points per month that is robust to a number of specifications. Investor inattention and limits to arbitrage may be the source of the underreaction of a firmâ€™s returns to that of its partners.
Sendai Virus Fusion Protein-Mediates Simultaneous Induction of MHC Class I/II-Dependent Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Via the Nasopharyngeal-Associated Lymphoreticular Tissue Immune System1

Nasal administration of Ags using a novel hybrid Ag delivery vehicle composed of envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus on the surface of liposome membranes (fusogenic liposome) efficiently delivered Ags to Ag-sampling M cells in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue. Additionally, fusogenic liposomes also effectively delivered the Ags into epithelial cells and macrophages in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue and nasal passages. In vitro Ag presentation assays clearly showed that fusogenic liposomes effectively presented encapsulated Ags via the MHC class II-dependent pathway of epithelial cells as well as macrophages. Fusogenic liposomes also have an adjuvant activity against mucosal epithelial cells to enhance MHC class II expression. According to these high delivery and adjuvant activities of fusogenic liposomes, nasal immunization with OVA-encapsulated fusogenic liposomes induced high levels of OVA-specific CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cell responses. Furthermore, Ag-specific CTL responses and Ab productions were also elicited at both mucosal and systemic sites by nasal immunization with Ag-encapsulated fusogenic liposomes. These results indicate that fusogenic liposome is a versatile and effective system for the stimulation of Ag-specific immune responses at both mucosal and systemic compartments.
. 2017-03 1 Independent and maximal branching packing in in nite matroid-rooted digraphs Attila Joó

We prove a common generalization of the maximal independent arborescence packing theorem of Cs. Király [13] (which itself is a common generalization of the reachability based arborescence packing result [12] and a matroid based arborescence packing result [5]) and two of our earlier works about packing branchings in in nite digraphs, namely [11] and [10].
Voting with Their Feet: In Which Journals Do the Most Prolific Finance Researchers Publish?

type="main"> The financial economics literature has experienced rapid growth over the past 40 years, triggering a dramatic increase in the number of journals. We employ a new method to analyze the current pecking order of finance journals. Specifically, we analyze the publication records of prolific authors to provide evidence regarding the perceived quality of a set of 23 high-impact finance journals. Assuming these scholars target the “best” research outlets, their publication records can reveal information about their subjective rankings of the next-best alternatives to the traditional elite finance journals. The results suggest that prolific authors are most likely to target outlets that have raised their profile in recent years (e.g., Financial Management and Financial Analysts Journal) and new specialized finance journals (e.g., Journal of Financial Markets, Journal of Corporate Finance, and Journal of Financial Intermediation) when publishing outside the set of elite journals.
EGFR Activation Mediates Inhibition of Axon Regeneration by Myelin and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans

Inhibitory molecules associated with myelin and the glial scar limit axon regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS), but the underlying signaling mechanisms of regeneration inhibition are not fully understood. Here, we show that suppressing the kinase function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blocks the activities of both myelin inhibitors and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in inhibiting neurite outgrowth. In addition, regeneration inhibitors trigger the phosphorylation of EGFR in a calcium-dependent manner. Local administration of EGFR inhibitors promotes significant regeneration of injured optic nerve fibers, pointing to a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing axon regeneration after CNS injury.