Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Psychological Strengths and the Perception of Bullying in Early Adolescents in Schools

This study explored the association between psychological strengths and perceptions of being a victim of a bullying relationship in the school environment. Using self-report questionnaires with grades 7 and 8 students, the role of psychological strengths as potential protective factors against various forms of bullying were examined including the patterns of strengths associated with the bullying experience. The results showed no significant association between global indices of strengths and perceptions of victimization. However, significant relationships did emerge between specific strengths and victimization. Strengths in school functioning among boys but not girls and strengths in personality functioning for both sexes were associated with lower perceived victimization. In contrast, strengths in spiritual and cultural identification were associated with perceptions of increased victimization. The implications of these results for anti-bullying strategies are discussed.
Type and Timing of Childhood Maltreatment and Severity of Shutdown Dissociation in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Dissociation, particularly the shutting down of sensory, motor and speech systems, has been proposed to emerge in susceptible individuals as a defensive response to traumatic stress. In contrast, other individuals show signs of hyperarousal to acute threat. A key question is whether exposure to particular types of stressful events during specific stages of development can program an individual to have a strong dissociative response to subsequent stressors. Vulnerability to ongoing shutdown dissociation was assessed in 75 inpatients (46M/29F, M = 31±10 years old) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and related to number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed during childhood or adulthood. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) scale was used to collect retrospective recall of exposure to ten types of maltreatment during each year of childhood. Severity of shutdown dissociation was related to number of childhood but not adult traumatic events. Random forest regression with conditional trees indicated that type and timing of childhood maltreatment could predictably account for 31% of the variance (p < 0.003) in shutdown dissociation, with peak vulnerability occurring at 13-14 years of age and with exposure to emotional neglect followed by various forms of emotional abuse. These findings suggest that there may be windows of vulnerability to the development of shutdown dissociation. Results support the hypothesis that experienced events are more important than witnessed events, but challenge the hypothesis that “life-threatening” events are a critical determinant.
Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of Photosynthetic Orchids: Insights into Evolution of the Orchidaceae and Development of Molecular Markers for Phylogenetic Applications

The orchid family Orchidaceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, including many species of important economic value. While chloroplast genomes are very informative for systematics and species identification, there is very limited information available on chloroplast genomes in the Orchidaceae. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genomes of the medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale and the ornamental orchid Cypripedium macranthos, demonstrating their gene content and order and potential RNA editing sites. The chloroplast genomes of the above two species and five known photosynthetic orchids showed similarities in structure as well as gene order and content, but differences in the organization of the inverted repeat/small single-copy junction and ndh genes. The organization of the inverted repeat/small single-copy junctions in the chloroplast genomes of these orchids was classified into four types; we propose that inverted repeats flanking the small single-copy region underwent expansion or contraction among Orchidaceae. The AT-rich regions of the ycf1 gene in orchids could be linked to the recombination of inverted repeat/small single-copy junctions. Relative species in orchids displayed similar patterns of variation in ndh gene contents. Furthermore, fifteen highly divergent protein-coding genes were identified, which are useful for phylogenetic analyses in orchids. To test the efficiency of these genes serving as markers in phylogenetic analyses, coding regions of four genes (accD, ccsA, matK, and ycf1) were used as a case study to construct phylogenetic trees in the subfamily Epidendroideae. High support was obtained for placement of previously unlocated subtribes Collabiinae and Dendrobiinae in the subfamily Epidendroideae. Our findings expand understanding of the diversity of orchid chloroplast genomes and provide a reference for study of the molecular systematics of this family.
A human ovarian carcinoma murine xenograft model useful for preclinical trials.

OBJECTIVE To establish a murine xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma. METHODS A slurry of fresh human tumor from patients with intraperitoneal malignancies was heterotransplanted intraperitoneally into nude (nu/nu) and severely combined immunodeficient mice (CB-17, SCID). Xenograft growth was assessed by serial examination and necropsy. The xenografts were passaged to new animals when tumors were palpably greater than 1 cm(3). Histopathologic analysis of the xenografts was performed at each passage as well as immunohistochemical staining for p53 mutations. Persistent expression of human genes by the xenografts at higher passages was assessed by RT-PCR amplification of the human beta-globin gene. This xenograft model was used in the preclinical evaluation of an adenoviral vector containing a beta-galactosidase reporter gene and a wild-type p53 gene. RESULTS Tumor growth was not established in any of the nude mice heterotransplanted with tissue from six different ovarian cancer patients. Eleven of 13 specimens established xenograft growth when injected in SCID mice. Nine xenografts have been subsequently passaged between 6 and 24 animal generations to date. All xenografts retained histopathologic similarities to their original human tumors and the p53 expression patterns remained stable through higher passages. Within 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of an adenoviral vector, transduction of the reporter gene was evident in the xenografts. In addition, administration of an adenoviral vector containing a wild-type p53 gene significantly decreased the tumor burden compared to controls (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This murine xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma appears to be reliable and reproducible and has utility for the study of novel therapeutics.
ScoreFinder: A method for collaborative quality inference on user-generated content

User-generated content is quickly becoming the greatest source of information on the World Wide Web. Shared content items are initially considered unconfirmed in the sense that their credibility has not yet been established. Conventional, centralized confirmation of credibility is infeasible at the Internet scale and so making use of the annotators themselves to evaluate each item is essential. However, users usually differ in opinions to the same item, and the existence of bias, variance and maliciousness makes the problem of aggregating opinions more difficult. Addressing this problem, we propose the use of an Author-Annotator model with an iterative algorithm, called ScoreFinder, for inferring credibility by ranking shared items. In order to reduce the influence from a variety of error sources, we identify reliable users on each topic, and adaptively aggregate scores from them. Moreover, we transform the users' input to remove errors/anomalies, by identifying patterns of misbehaviour learned from a real data set. We show how our algorithm performs on both real data sets and synthetic data sets, and a significant improvement was achieved in the experiment.
Ketogenic Diets Enhance Oxidative Stress and Radio-Chemo-Therapy Responses in Lung Cancer Xenografts

Purpose: Ketogenic diets are high in fat and low in carbohydrates as well as protein which forces cells to rely on lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration rather than glycolysis for energy metabolism. Cancer cells (relative to normal cells) are believed to exist in a state of chronic oxidative stress mediated by mitochondrial metabolism. The current study tests the hypothesis that ketogenic diets enhance radio-chemo-therapy responses in lung cancer xenografts by enhancing oxidative stress. Experimental Design: Mice bearing NCI-H292 and A549 lung cancer xenografts were fed a ketogenic diet (KetoCal 4:1 fats: proteins+carbohydrates) and treated with either conventionally fractionated (1.8–2 Gy) or hypofractionated (6 Gy) radiation as well as conventionally fractionated radiation combined with carboplatin. Mice weights and tumor size were monitored. Tumors were assessed for immunoreactive 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-(4HNE)–modified proteins as a marker of oxidative stress as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and γH2AX as indices of proliferation and DNA damage, respectively. Results: The ketogenic diets combined with radiation resulted in slower tumor growth in both NCI-H292 and A549 xenografts (P < 0.05), relative to radiation alone. The ketogenic diet also slowed tumor growth when combined with carboplatin and radiation, relative to control. Tumors from animals fed a ketogenic diet in combination with radiation showed increases in oxidative damage mediated by lipid peroxidation as determined by 4HNE-modified proteins as well as decreased proliferation as assessed by decreased immunoreactive PCNA. Conclusions: These results show that a ketogenic diet enhances radio-chemo-therapy responses in lung cancer xenografts by a mechanism that may involve increased oxidative stress. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3905–13. ©2013 AACR.
Beliefs about Physical Activity among Children who are Visually Impaired and their Parents

This survey of 25 visually impaired children aged 10–12 and their parents investigated the value the parents placed on their children's physical activity and the barriers to physical activity that the children faced. The results revealed that as vision loss increased, parents’ expectations for their children's ability to be physically active decreased, as did the children's views that physical activity is important or useful.
Effect of electrical and thermal ageing on the breakdown strength of silicone oil

The electrical and thermal ageing behavior of silicone oil was considered in these investigations. The two ageing methods had very different physical effects; electrical ageing resulted in darkening of the oils but with no gelling (increased viscosity), whereas thermal ageing did not produce darkening but could produce gelling. Whilst ageing tended to reduce the AC breakdown strength and increased the electrical conductivity, one set of thermally aged oils, whose viscosity increased after thermal ageing, exhibited increased breakdown strength. The unexpected effects of oil viscosity on AC breakdown strength were confirmed in separate experiments on an oil of a higher viscosity.
Ring Attractor Dynamics Emerge from a Spiking Model of the Entire Protocerebral Bridge

Animal navigation is accomplished by a combination of landmark-following and dead reckoning based on estimates of self motion. Both of these approaches require the encoding of heading information, which can be represented as an allocentric or egocentric azimuthal angle. Recently, Ca2+ correlates of landmark position and heading direction, in egocentric coordinates, were observed in the ellipsoid body (EB), a ring-shaped processing unit in the fly central complex (Seelig and Jayaraman, 2015). These correlates displayed key dynamics of so-called ring attractors, namely: 1) responsiveness to the position of external stimuli, 2) persistence in the absence of external stimuli, 3) locking onto a single external stimulus when presented with two competitors, 4) stochastically switching between competitors with low probability, and 5) sliding or jumping between positions when an external stimulus moves. We hypothesized that ring attractor-like activity in the EB arises from reciprocal neuronal connections to a related structure, the protocerebral bridge (PB). Using recent light-microscopy resolution catalogues of neuronal cell types in the PB (Wolff et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2013), we determined a connectivity matrix for the PB-EB circuit. When activity in this network was simulated using a leaky-integrate-and-fire model, we observed patterns of activity that closely resemble the reported Ca2+ phenomena. All qualitative ring attractor behaviors were recapitulated in our model, allowing us to predict failure modes of the PB ring attractor and the circuit dynamic phenotypes of thermogenetic or optogenetic manipulations. Ring attractor dynamics emerged under a wide variety of parameter configurations, even including non-spiking leaky-integrator implementations. This suggests that the ring-attractor computation is a robust output of this circuit, apparently arising from its high-level network properties (topological configuration, local excitation and long-range inhibition) rather than biological nitty gritty.
Palliative procedures for transposition of the great arteries1

Palliation in uncomplicated transposition of the great arteries is a matter of achieving increased intracardiac mixing. This can be done by surgical atrioseptectomy or by balloon atrioseptostomy. The latter technique has been proved to be a safe and effective procedure for long-term palliation. In the presence of complicating lesions adjustments of the pulmonary blood flow must be made. When the complicating lesion is a ventricular septal defect with increased pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary artery banding is often required. In the presence of severe pulmonic stenosis with a ventricular septal defect, aorticopulmonary shunting may be required. Judicious application of these palliative procedures has completely altered the outlook of the infant born with transposed great arteries, with or without complicating lesions.
A Novel N-Terminal Domain Directs Membrane Localization of Mouse Testis-Specific Calpastatin1

Abstract Multiple isoforms of calpastatin have been identified with unique N-terminal regions followed by identical calpain inhibitory domains (II–IV). In many instances the isoforms are cell-type specific, although the precise functional differences among these N-terminal regions are largely unknown. Here we report a germ cell-specific isoform of calpastatin (tCAST) that consists of a novel N-terminal peptide of 40 amino acids (domain T) followed by domains II to IV of somatic calpastatin (sCAST). Domain T is responsible for membrane association of tCAST through a protein modification by myristylation. Mutation of the myristylation site eliminates membrane targeting. Unlike most of the isoforms of calpastatin that are generated through alternative RNA splicing or post-translational proteolysis, the testis-specific isoform is transcribed from an intronic promoter in haploid germ cells of the testis. The intronic promoter directs specific expression of a reporter transgene in developing germ cells of the mouse testis.
Local-Search based Approximation Algorithms for Mobile Facility Location Problems

We consider the mobile facility location (MFL) problem. We are given a set of facilities and clients located in a common metric space G = (V, c). The goal is to move each facility from its initial location to a destination (in V) and assign each client to the destination of some facility so as to minimize the sum of the movement-costs of the facilities and the client-assignment costs. This abstracts facility-location settings where one has the flexibility of moving facilities from their current locations to other destinations so as to serve clients more efficiently by reducing their assignment costs. We give the first local-search based approximation algorithm for this problem and achieve the best-known approximation guarantee. Our main result is (3 + e)-approximation for this problem for any constant e > 0 using local search. The previous best guarantee for MFL was an 8-approximation algorithm due to Friggstad and Salavatipour [12] based on LP-rounding. Our guarantee matches the best-known approximation guarantee for the k-median problem. Since there is an approximation-preserving reduction from the k-median problem to MFL, any improvement of our result would imply an analogous improvement for the k-median problem. Furthermore, our analysis is tight (up to o(1) factors) since the tight example for the local-search based 3-approximation algorithm for k-median can be easily adapted to show that our local-search algorithm has a tight approximation ratio of 3. Our results extend to the weighted generalization wherein each facility i has a non-negative weight wi and the movement cost for i is wi times the distance traveled by i. In contrast to the k-median problem, the local search procedure that moves, at each step, a constant number of facilities (to chosen destinations) and assigns each client to the nearest destination, is known to have an unbounded locality gap. Our local-search algorithm is a natural and simple variant, where we only select the destinations of the facilities in each step and optimally rematch the facilities to these destinations (which might entail moving all facilities). One of the chief novelties in the analysis is that in order to generate a suitable collection of local-search moves whose resulting inequalities yield the desired bound on the cost of a local-optimum, we define a tree-like structure that (loosely speaking) functions as a "recursion tree", using which we spawn off local-search moves by exploring this tree to a constant depth.
Blood Levels of Mercury Are Related to Diagnosis of Autism: A Reanalysis of an Important Data Set

The question of what is leading to the apparent increase in autism is of great importance. Like the link between aspirin and heart attack, even a small effect can have major health implications. If there is any link between autism and mercury, it is absolutely crucial that the first reports of the question are not falsely stating that no link occurs. We have reanalyzed the data set originally reported by Ip et al. in 2004 and have found that the original p value was in error and that a significant relation does exist between the blood levels of mercury and diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, the hair sample analysis results offer some support for the idea that persons with autism may be less efficient and more variable at eliminating mercury from the blood.
Morphologic Spectrum of Immunohistochemically Characterized Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Study of 155 Cases

Establishing a diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (O-CCC) can be subject to significant interobserver variation. Accurately diagnosing this tumor is important because of its chemoresistance and reported association with Lynch syndrome. The spectrum of the morphologic features of O-CCC has not been well described in a series composed of immunohistochemically characterized cases. A total of 155 cases diagnosed as O-CCC were retrieved from the files of 3 institutions to analyze architectural and cytologic features. The immunohistochemical features of these cases have been reported earlier. A comprehensive list of features was recorded, including, but not limited to, architectural patterns, nuclear appearance, cytoplasmic characteristics, and mitotic index. Between 1 and 13 slides were available for review for each case. The cases were divided into 2 groups based on morphologic characteristics, those with features shared by the large majority (the first group, n=138) and those that showed unusual characteristics (second group, n=17). Tumors in the first group typically showed a mixture of architectural patterns, the most frequent being papillary and tubulocystic. Papillae, usually small and round and lacking hierarchical branching and tufting or stratification of more than 3 cells, were present at least focally in almost 3 of 4 cases. The cell shape was predominantly cuboidal, not columnar. Nuclear pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were frequently present, but never diffusely. Clear cytoplasm was found in nearly every case and hobnail cells were common. Mitoses exhibited a range from 0 to 13 with an average of 3 to 4 per 10 high power fields. The second group of tumors showed numerous unusual morphologic characteristics, despite the presence of clear cytoplasm, including those typically seen in other ovarian epithelial tumors, such as serous and endometrioid carcinoma. Eighty-nine percent of tumors from the first group showed the expected “O-CCC immunophenotype” [hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) positive, and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and p53 negative], whereas 4% of tumors showed HNF positivity along with focal ER or PR expression. Seven percent of tumors were not immunoreactive with these markers. Twenty-nine percent of tumors in the second group showed the O-CCC immunophenotype, whereas 24% of tumors were p53 positive, 5% of tumors were WT1 positive, and the remaining cases were negative for all markers. Ninety-seven percent (112 of 117) of HNF-positive tumors in this series were classical O-CCC. Therefore, O-CCC has characteristic morphologic features and a specific, if not unique, immunophenotype in the vast majority of the cases. Clear cell-rich tumors with features that depart from the classical morphologic appearances described herein should suggest the possibility of an alternative diagnosis.
Factors Associated With Attitude Toward Alcohol in Small High Schools

Alcohol use among urban youth has been regularly surveyed, but assessment of rural residents is rare. Information about factors associated with attitudes toward drinking could be especially useful to school counselors. This study used questionnaires to investigate the association of attitudes toward alcohol and alcohol use with the following independent variables: grade; gender; community; perceived peer attitude; perceived parental attitude; and knowledge of alcohol. Participating in the survey were 139 students at two high schools in rural Kansas. No significant relationships between alcohol habits and grade level, gender, or community were found. Results did indicate that perceived peer and parental attitudes significantly affect teenagers' attitude toward drinking and actual alcohol use; that there is also a relationship between knowledge of alcohol and attitude toward alcohol (with low knowledge of alcohol often indicating a more positive attitude); and between attitude toward arinking and alcohol use. The results seem to support the use of alcohol-awareness programs in rural high schools, P-d to encourage teachers and counselors to emphasize individuality and resistance to the influence of others. Includes 6 appendixes, 6 tables, and the survey instruments. Contains 23 references. (CC) **********************Ak*********************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************