Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal depressive symptoms at 2 to 4 months post partum and early parenting practices.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether maternal depressive symptoms, reported when infants are 2 to 4 months old, are associated with mothers' early parenting practices. DESIGN Secondary data analyses collected from the National Evaluation of Healthy Steps for Young Children. Data sources included newborn enrollment questionnaires and parent interviews when infants were 2 to 4 months old. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. SETTING Twenty-four pediatric practices across the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5565 families enrolled in Healthy Steps; 4874 mothers (88%) completed 2- to 4-month interviews and provided Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale data; 17.8% of mothers reported having depressive symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ten parenting practices assessed in 3 domains: safety (sleep position and lowering water temperature), feeding (cereal, water, or juice; continuing breastfeeding), and practices to promote child development (showing books, playing with infant, talking to infant, and following 2 or more routines). RESULTS Mothers with and without depressive symptoms reported similar uses of safety and feeding practices. Mothers with depressive symptoms had reduced odds of continuing breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88), showing books (AOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97), playing with the infant (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90), talking to the infant (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86), and following routines (AOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52-0.72). CONCLUSION Maternal depressive symptoms are common in early infancy and contribute to unfavorable parenting practices.
Wishful Thinking and Social Influence in the 2008 U . S . Presidential Election

This paper analyzes individual probabilistic predictions of state outcomes in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Employing an original survey of more than 19,000 respondents, ours is the first study of electoral forecasting to incorporate the influence of respondents’ home states. We relate a range of variables to individual accuracy and predictions, as well as to how accuracy improved over time. We find strong support for wishful thinking bias in expectations, as Republicans gave higher probabilities to McCain victories and were worse at overall prediction. This bias was reduced by greater education and numerical sophistication. In addition, we find that respondents living in states with higher vote shares for Obama were more accurate and displayed less wishful thinking bias. We conclude by showing that suitable aggregations of our respondents’ predictions outperformed Intrade (a prediction market) and fivethirtyeight.com (a poll-based forecast) at most points in time.
Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Students that Exhibit Subclinical Borderline Personality Traits

Intro: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mood disorder that affects 2-4% of the general population, up to 20% of psychological inpatients, and 10% outpatients. It is characterized by unstable affect, behavior, mood, interpersonal relationships, and selfimage, and tends to stem from a history of abuse. The DSM-5 scales are labeled as: impulsivity, affect inability, abandonment, unstable relationships, self-image, suicide, emptiness, anger, and quasi-psychotic states. A general finding shows those with BPD tend to have difficulty recognizing and reacting to negative emotions (mainly fear, anger, and disgust). Additionally, researchers have found the brain areas that relate to emotion, planning, attention, memory, and decision-making are smaller in borderlines than healthy subjects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine participants with subclinical borderline features and determine the relationships between facial affect recognition deficits. Methods: Two-hundred-and-three potential participants were screened using the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ). Thirty-five undergraduates from Cleveland State University participated in a computer-based study assessing reaction times (RT) and accuracy to Ekman’s Pictures of Facial Affect, the now-standard emotional facial stimuli. Results: The majority of participants were Caucasian (68.8%), female (88.6%), and right-handed (94.3%). Mean age was 20.89 ± 4.75 (range= 23). There were 3 (8.6%)
Learning to Generate Images of Outdoor Scenes from Attributes and Semantic Layouts

Automatic image synthesis research has been rapidly growing with deep networks getting more and more expressive. In the last couple of years, we have observed images of digits, indoor scenes, birds, chairs, etc. being automatically generated. The expressive power of image generators have also been enhanced by introducing several forms of conditioning variables such as object names, sentences, bounding box and key-point locations. In this work, we propose a novel deep conditional generative adversarial network architecture that takes its strength from the semantic layout and scene attributes integrated as conditioning variables. We show that our architecture is able to generate realistic outdoor scene images under different conditions, e.g. day-night, sunny-foggy, with clear object boundaries.
Experimental pressure solution compaction of chalk in aqueous solutions Part 1 . Deformation behavior and chemistry

To investigate pressure solution creep, chalk from the Paris basin (France) was deformed in a triaxial press with fluids. Experiments were conducted either under chemically closed (no fluid flow) or chemically open (fluid flow) conditions. In all experiments, the vertical stress (σ1) and the lateral stress (σ3) were independently controlled, with 4.0 < σ1 ≤ 8.0 MPa and σ3 = 4.0 MPa; the pore fluid pressure was ≤ 0.3 MPa. In each experiment, axial strain (ε) was recorded as a function of time; experiments ranged from 30 to almost 700 days. The major goal of this investigation was to study the physico-chemical reactions that occur when chalk is deformed under different differential stresses, in the presence of various fluids, and at temperatures ranging up to 80 °C. The results show that chalk deformation is characterized by viscous behavior, based on plots of log strain rate ( ) vs. log (σ1) with slopes of 1-2. The chemical nature of the pore fluid also plays a critical role in determining deformation rates; the strain rates decreased in the following order: saline solution > water > propanol. Thus, strain rate correlates with calcite solubility. The dependence of on grain diameter could not be evaluated. The temperature dependence of strain rates was found to be very low, with an activation energy estimated to be ≈ 1-2 kJ mol-1. When all rate-influencing parameters were kept constant, the material strain hardens, according to the relation ∝ε−2−5. The exact rate-limiting step (intergranular diffusion, dissolution, or precipitation) could not be determined based on the available data. ε̇ ε̇ ε̇
Statistical Phrase-based Machine Translation : Experiments with Brazilian Portuguese

Statistical approaches have recently emerged as the main paradigm in Machine Translation (MT) research. In previous work we have shown that results of a simple statistical word-based MT system may be highly comparable to those produced by a rule-based approach for closely-related languages such as Brazilian Portuguese and European Spanish. In this work we take the discussion one step further and present evidence that a more sophisticated (namely, phrase-based) translation model may outperform rulebased translation for this language pair, and additional results of a first experiment in Portuguese/English phrase-based statistical MT.
Modelling Realized Variance when Returns are Serially Correlated

This article examines the impact of serial correlation in high frequency returns on the realized variance measure. In particular, it is shown that the realized variance measure yields a biased estimate of the conditional return variance when returns are serially correlated. Using 10 years of FTSE-100 minute by minute data we demonstrate that a careful choice of sampling frequency is crucial in avoiding substantial biases. Moreover, we find that the autocovariance structure (magnitude and rate of decay) of FTSE-100 returns at different sampling frequencies is consistent with that of an ARMA process under temporal aggregation. A simple autocovariance function based method is proposed for choosing the “optimal” sampling frequency, that is, the highest available frequency at which the serial correlation of returns has a negligible impact on the realized variance measure. We find that the logarithmic realized variance series of the FTSE-100 index, constructed using an optimal sampling frequency of 25 minutes, can be modelled as an ARFIMA process. Exogenous variables such as lagged returns and contemporaneous trading volume appear to be highly significant regressors and are able to explain a large portion of the variation in daily realized variance.
Alas, the Dark Matter Structures Were Not That Trivial

The radial density profile of dark matter structures has been observed to have an almost universal behavior in numerical simulations; however, the physical reason for this behavior remains unclear. It has previously been shown that if the pseudo phase-space density, ρ/σdϵ, is a beautifully simple power law in radius, with the “golden values” ϵ = 3 and d = r (i.e., the phase-space density is only dependent on the radial component of the velocity dispersion), then one can analytically derive the radial variation of the mass profile, dispersion profile, etc. That would imply, if correct, that we just have to explain why ρ/σr3 ∼ r−α, and then we would understand everything about equilibrated DM structures. Here we use a set of simulated galaxies and clusters of galaxies to demonstrate that there are no such golden values, but that each structure instead has its own set of values. Considering the same structure at different redshifts shows no evolution of the phase-space parameters toward fixed points. There is also no clear connection between the halo virialized mass and these parameters. This implies that we still do not understand the origin of the profiles of dark matter structures.
Genetic Effects on Mating Success and Partner Choice in a Social Mammal

Mating behavior has profound consequences for two phenomena—individual reproductive success and the maintenance of species boundaries—that contribute to evolutionary processes. Studies of mating behavior in relation to individual reproductive success are common in many species, but studies of mating behavior in relation to genetic variation and species boundaries are less commonly conducted in socially complex species. Here we leveraged extensive observations of a wild yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) population that has experienced recent gene flow from a close sister taxon, the anubis baboon (Papio anubis), to examine how admixture-related genetic background affects mating behavior. We identified novel effects of genetic background on mating patterns, including an advantage accruing to anubis-like males and assortative mating among both yellow-like and anubis-like pairs. These genetic effects acted alongside social dominance rank, inbreeding avoidance, and age to produce highly nonrandom mating patterns. Our results suggest that this population may be undergoing admixture-related evolutionary change, driven in part by nonrandom mating. However, the strength of the genetic effect is mediated by behavioral plasticity and social interactions, emphasizing the strong influence of social context on mating behavior in socially complex species.
A stepwise algorithm for finding minimum evolution trees.

A stepwise algorithm for reconstructing minimum evolution (ME) trees from evolutionary distance data is proposed. In each step, a taxon that potentially has a neighbor (another taxon connected to it with a single interior node) is first chosen and then its true neighbor searched iteratively. For m taxa, at most (m-1)! /2 trees are examined and the tree with the minimum sum of branch lengths (S) is chosen as the final tree. This algorithm provides simple strategies for restricting the tree space searched and allows us to implement efficient ways of dynamically computing the ordinary least squares estimates of S for the topologies examined. Using computer simulation, we found that the efficiency of the ME method in recovering the correct tree is similar to that of the neighbor-joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). A more exhaustive search is unlikely to improve the efficiency of the ME method in finding the correct tree because the correct tree is almost always included in the tree space searched with this stepwise algorithm. The new algorithm finds trees for which S values may not be significantly different from that of the ME tree if the correct tree contains very small interior branches or if the pairwise distance estimates have large sampling errors. These topologies form a set of plausible alternatives to the ME tree and can be compared with each other using statistical tests based on the minimum evolution principle. The new algorithm makes it possible to use the ME method for large data sets.
Comparative 2D-DIGE Proteomic Analysis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells during Lactation Reveals Protein Signatures for Lactation Persistency and Milk Yield

Mammary gland is made up of a branching network of ducts that end with alveoli which surrounds the lumen. These alveolar mammary epithelial cells (MEC) reflect the milk producing ability of farm animals. In this study, we have used 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry to identify the protein changes in MEC during immediate early, peak and late stages of lactation and also compared differentially expressed proteins in MEC isolated from milk of high and low milk producing cows. We have identified 41 differentially expressed proteins during lactation stages and 22 proteins in high and low milk yielding cows. Bioinformatics analysis showed that a majority of the differentially expressed proteins are associated in metabolic process, catalytic and binding activity. The differentially expressed proteins were mapped to the available biological pathways and networks involved in lactation. The proteins up-regulated during late stage of lactation are associated with NF-κB stress induced signaling pathways and whereas Akt, PI3K and p38/MAPK signaling pathways are associated with high milk production mediated through insulin hormone signaling.
Emotion recognition from embedded bodily expressions and speech during dyadic interactions

Previous work on emotion recognition from bodily expressions focused on analysing such expressions in isolation, of individuals or in controlled settings, from a single camera view, or required intrusive motion tracking equipment. We study the problem of emotion recognition from bodily expressions and speech during dyadic (person-person) interactions in a real kitchen instrumented with ambient cameras and microphones. We specifically focus on bodily expressions that are embedded in regular interactions and background activities and recorded without human augmentation to increase naturalness of the expressions. We present a human-validated dataset that contains 224 high-resolution, multi-view video clips and audio recordings of emotionally charged interactions between eight couples of actors. The dataset is fully annotated with categorical labels for four basic emotions (anger, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and continuous labels for valence, activation, power, and anticipation provided by five annotators for each actor. We evaluate vision and audio-based emotion recognition using dense trajectories and a standard audio pipeline and provide insights into the importance of different body parts and audio features for emotion recognition.
Endpoint Visual Detection of Three Genetically Modified Rice Events by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Genetically modified (GM) rice KMD1, TT51-1, and KF6 are three of the most well known transgenic Bt rice lines in China. A rapid and sensitive molecular assay for risk assessment of GM rice is needed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), currently the most common method for detecting genetically modified organisms, requires temperature cycling and relatively complex procedures. Here we developed a visual and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to amplify three GM rice event-specific junction sequences. Target DNA was amplified and visualized by two indicators (SYBR green or hydroxy naphthol blue [HNB]) within 60 min at an isothermal temperature of 63 °C. Different kinds of plants were selected to ensure the specificity of detection and the results of the non-target samples were negative, indicating that the primer sets for the three GM rice varieties had good levels of specificity. The sensitivity of LAMP, with detection limits at low concentration levels (0.01%–0.005% GM), was 10- to 100-fold greater than that of conventional PCR. Additionally, the LAMP assay coupled with an indicator (SYBR green or HNB) facilitated analysis. These findings revealed that the rapid detection method was suitable as a simple field-based test to determine the status of GM crops.
Activity of Red Nucleus Neurons in the Cat during Postural Corrections

The dorsal-side-up body posture in standing quadrupeds is maintained by the postural system, which includes spinal and supraspinal mechanisms driven by somatosensory inputs from the limbs. A number of descending tracts can transmit supraspinal commands for postural corrections. The first aim of this study was to understand whether the rubrospinal tract participates in their transmission. We recorded activity of red nucleus neurons (RNNs) in the cat maintaining balance on the periodically tilting platform. Most neurons were identified as rubrospinal ones. It was found that many RNNs were profoundly modulated by tilts, suggesting that they transmit postural commands. The second aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sensory inputs from individual limbs to posture-related RNN modulation. Each RNN was recorded during standing on all four limbs, as well as when two or three limbs were lifted from the platform and could not signal platform displacements. By comparing RNN responses in different tests, we found that the amplitude and phase of responses in the majority of RNNs were determined primarily by sensory input from the corresponding (fore or hind) contralateral limb, whereas inputs from other limbs made a much smaller contribution to RNN modulation. These findings suggest that the rubrospinal system is primarily involved in the intralimb postural coordination, i.e., in the feedback control of the corresponding limb and, to a lesser extent, in the interlimb coordination. This study provides a new insight into the formation of supraspinal motor commands for postural corrections.
Testing Agreement for Multi-Item Scales With the IndicesrWG(J) and AD M(J)

The most popular index of agreement has been rWG(J); more recently, the ADM(J) index also has been used. This study addresses two problems: first, how to test the statistical significance of rWG(J) and ADM(J) and, second, how to infer from the indices that were evaluated for each group about the agreement of the ensemble of groups. The authors extend the inference based on either rWG(J) or ADM(J) by focusing on multiple-item scales and on the whole ensemble of groups. Their method is based on simulations, as was done by Dunlap, Burke, and Smith-Crowe (2003) and by Cohen, Doveh, and Eick (2001). The tests are illustrated on the data of Bliese, Halverson, and Schriesheim (2002) pertaining to a sample of 2,042 U.S Army soldiers in 49 U.S. Army companies. Software for our procedures is available both as a SAS code and in the Multilevel Modeling in R package (Bliese, 2006).
Working Papers in Economic Theory No . 99 F 2 Self-Control and the Theory of Consumption

A model of temptation and self-control for infinite horizon consumption problems under uncertainty is presented. A tractable class of preferences Dynamic self-control (DSC) preferences is introduced. These preferences are recursive, separable, and describe agents who are tempted by immediate consumption. The following implications of DSC behavior are established: Walrasian equilibrium exists in standard infinite-horizon economies with DSC preferences. Under suitable curvature conditions, in such equilibria, agents' steady state consumption is independent of their initial endowments. In a representative agent economy, increasing the agents preference for commitment while keeping self-control constant increases the equity premium. Removing nonbinding constraints may change equilibrium allocations and prices. Debt contracts with DSC agents can be sustained even if the only feasible punishment for default is the termination of the contract. Department of Economics, 001 Fisher Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1021 Home © 1999 Site Administrator Tel 609-258-4501 Fax 609-258-6419 Updated: 10-12-99 Self-Control and the Theory of Consumption Faruk Gul and Wolfgang Pesendorfer Princeton University
Anomalies and tadpoles in open/closed string duality

We discuss the role played by the divergences appearing in the interaction between a fractional D3 brane dressed with an SU(N) gauge field and a stack of N fractional D3 branes on the orbifolds C2/Z2 and C3/(Z2 × Z2). In particular we show that the logarithmic divergences in the closed string channel, interpreted as due to twisted massless tadpoles, are mapped, under open/closed string duality, in the logarithmic ones in the open string channel, due to the massless states circulating in the annulus diagram and corresponding to the one-loop divergences that one finds in the gauge theory living in the worldvolume of the brane. This result provides quantitative evidence of why the chiral and scale anomalies of the supersymmetric and non-conformal gauge theories supported by the worldvolume of the branes can be inferred from supergravity calculations.
Who counts and who is counted? Conversations around voting, access, and divisions in the disability community

Abstract Online voting platforms have been introduced in some locations as the solution to the many barriers to political participation that disabled people continue to face. Reading the experiences of disabled student voters on university campuses alongside broader trends in electoral reform taking place in jurisdictions across Canada allows us to attend to the dangerous ways in which conversations around access have been limited through virtual solutions that encourage the physical absence of disabled voters. This article situates these absences alongside other categories of exclusion – including groups who are formally disenfranchised – and recalls many unstated values that are active in shaping citizenship cultures. Probing online voting through a critical disability angle, we present a critique of techno-fixes that builds upon broader notions of accessibility and inclusion.