Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herschel : the first science highlights Special feature L etter to the E ditor The Herschel view of star formation in the Rosette molecular cloud under the influence of NGC 2244

Context. The Rosette molecular cloud is promoted as the archetype of a triggered star-formation site. This is mainly due to its morphology, because the central OB cluster NGC 2244 has blown a circular-shaped cavity into the cloud and the expanding H II-region now interacts with the cloud. Aims. Studying the spatial distribution of the different evolutionary states of all star-forming sites in Rosette and investigating possible gradients of the dust temperature will help to test the “triggered star-formation” scenario in Rosette. Methods. We use continuum data obtained with the PACS (70 and 160 μm) and SPIRE instruments (250, 350, 500 μm) of the Herschel telescope during the science demonstration phase of HOBYS. Results. Three-color images of Rosette impressively show how the molecular gas is heated by the radiative impact of the NGC 2244 cluster. A clear negative temperature gradient and a positive density gradient (running from the H II-region/molecular cloud interface into the cloud) are detected. Studying the spatial distribution of the most massive dense cores (size scale 0.05 to 0.3 pc), we find an age-sequence (from more evolved to younger) with increasing distance to the cluster NGC 2244. No clear gradient is found for the clump (size-scale up to 1 pc) distribution. Conclusions. The existence of temperature and density gradients and the observed age-sequence imply that star formation in Rosette may indeed be influenced by the radiative impact of the central NGC 2244 cluster. A more complete overview of the prestellar and protostellar population in Rosette is required to obtain a firmer result.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy in a hospital setting for children with severe emotional and/or behaviour disorders

This study examined the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural therapy programme for 13 children treated for severe emotional or behaviour disorders in a hospital setting. Data were obtained from multiple informants at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and three months follow-up. Results indicated statistically significant improvement in the children's global psychological functioning and reduction of maladaptive internalizing behaviours with maintenance at follow-up. The children reported statistically significant reduction in clinical maladjustment at discharge only. A positive trend toward healthier adaptive functioning was noted. Prognosis was poorer for children with comorbid diagnoses of internalizing and externalizing disorders. Clinical implications and directions for future research were discussed.
Institutional Thoughtlessness in Prisons and Its Impacts on the Day-to-Day Prison Lives of Elderly Men

The number of elderly men in the prisons of England and Wales has grown significantly during the past decade and continues to rise. Based on intensive fieldwork in four English prisons, this article explores the prison experiences of menaged 65+ years. Some of these menhave grownold in prison, some have served previous prison sentences, and others (the majority) have been sentenced to a term of imprisonment in later life. The latter had no prior experience of imprisonment. This article is concerned primarily with what is termed institutional thoughtlessness—the ways in which prison regimes (routines, rules, time-tables, etcetera) simply roll on with little reference to the needs and sensibilities of the old. This article argues that some degree of institutional thoughtlessness is evident in most of the prisons of England and Wales. Drawing on interviews and sustained observations, the article discusses some of the impacts of this thoughtlessness on imprisoned, elderly men.
The Dawn of E-Counseling in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges

With the advent of internet services and its spread to every facet of life, the counselling profession is not left behind. The application of computer technology to counselling procedures is gradually creeping into every society and resisting change in Nigeria, will leave us behind. The traditional face to face, office visits will be partially disappearing with time though not entirely replaced by computerized counselling known as e-counselling or online counselling. E- Counselling as a functional approach to the counseling profession, should be embraced by every country. This approach is welcomed in developed countries for its relevance and Nigeria is expected to join the band wagon. This paper therefore explains the concept of e-counselling and the characteristics of the consumers. It highlights the benefits that can be accrued from this mode of counselling and x-rays how it works. Furthermore, it discusses the issues and challenges facing its inception in Nigeria. It is also the concern of the paper that any establishment or licensed counsellor that wants to use e-counselling should consider issues as competence of the counsellors, counsellees, the qualities of the counsellors that can engage in e-counselling amongst others. In conclusion, the paper suggests some recommendations for the way forward.
Explorations in the Role of Emotion in Moral Judgment

Recent theorizations on the cognitive process of moral judgment have focused on the role of intuitions and emotions, marking a departure from previous emphasis on conscious, step-by-step reasoning. My study investigated how being in a disgusted mood state affects moral judgment. Participants were induced to enter a disgusted mood state through listening to disgusting sounds and reading disgusting descriptions. Results shows that they, when compared to control who have not been induced to feel disgust, are more likely to endorse actions that are emotionally aversive but maximizes utilitarian return The result is analyzed using the ‘emotion-as-information’ approach to decision making. The result is consistent with the view that emotions play an important role in determining moral judgment. Keywords—Disgust, mood induction, moral judgment, emotion-as-information.
Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferiIsolated from Erythema Migrans Lesions: Interrelationship of Three Molecular Typing Methods

ABSTRACT Genetic diversity among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates recovered from the skin of Lyme disease patients was assessed by ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, genomic restriction site polymorphism analysis, and plasmid content analysis. There was a significant association between the three rDNA spacer types, the six pulsed-field gel types, and plasmid content (P < 0.001). The association between distinct chromosomal and plasmid markers implies a clonal origin for each genotype.
Parents’ Attitudes towards Inclusion of Sexuality Education in Malaysian Schools

The present study examined the attitudes of Malaysian rural parents regarding sexual health education in elementary schools. Using a comprehensive list of sex education topics, parents were asked to examine which topics they believed should be taught at schools. In addition, the study also assessed the relationship between parents’ demographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, and occupation and their approval of sexual health education. The respondents of the study included parents (n=211) of children registered in four selected schools in Kedah, Malaysia. The majority of them (73%) supported the inclusion of various sexual health topics in school curriculum provided the contents were in line with religious teachings. The study has generated important empirical findings regarding local community’s response to school-based sexuality education. This information is needed in facilitating the development of sexual health policy at various institutional levels, and in the effective implementation of sexual health curriculum in Malaysian schools.
Explaining MPs’ perceptions of voters’ positions in a party-mediated representation system

The article addresses the crucial but still relatively understudied issue of political perceptions, specifically the perceptions of members of parliament (MPs) regarding the positioning of voters on the left–right spectrum, and the accuracy thereof. It focuses on the Portuguese case, which differs from others studied to date in terms of the links between MPs and voters (in contrast to prior research, Portuguese voters do not vote for an MP candidate but for a party list; the representation process is mediated by political parties). The article begins by characterizing Portuguese MP perceptions of voters’ left–right positions, and then explores the reasons for MPs’ perceptual accuracy. The findings show that MP perceptions are shaped by wishful thinking, reiterating previous research, and that party integration is an important new factor explaining perceptual accuracy.
An Alternative Approach to Find the Fermat Point of a Polygonal Geographic Region for Energy Efficient Geocast Routing Protocols: Global Minima Scheme

Geocasting is a special variant of multicasting, where a data packet is destined for a particular geographic region. For many applications in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, geocasting is an important and widely used communication service. Many geocast routing protocols with different approachability have been developed. Amongst them the geometry driven approach addresses the usage of an optimum path through the Fermat point of a triangle for packet forwarding. However, the geometry driven scheme faces some practical problems while determining the Fermat point for a polygonal region. Moreover, the method proposed can not be generalized for triangles with an angle more than 120¿. In this paper we discuss a global minima based scheme for finding the Fermat point of a n sided polygonal geographic region, which is more general in its approach and is free from some of the constraints present in the geometry based scheme for finding the Fermat point. Along with that, the present scheme outplays the geometry driven scheme when it comes to the distance traveled by a packet and the energy consumed therefore.
Entry tests for graduate medical programs : is it time to re-think ?

The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025-729X 5 February 2007 186 3 120123 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2007 www.mja. com.au Medical Education — Research ing and data interpretation in the social, physical and biological sciences, as well as critical thinking, reasoning and written communication. In 2005, GAMSAT contributed to the selection of about half the medical students in Australia. However, no systematic analysis of GAMSAT’s predictive validity has been published. Setti Parti Main Prob resul Resu in the
Comparing the Accuracy of RDD Telephone Surveys and Internet Surveys Conducted with Probability and Non-Probability Samples

This study assessed the accuracy of telephone and Internet surveys of probability samples and Internet surveys of non-probability samples of American adults by comparing aggregate survey results against benchmarks. The probability sample surveys were consistently more accurate than the non-probability sample surveys, even after post-stratification with demographics. The non-probability sample survey measurements were much more variable in their accuracy, both across measures within a single survey and across surveys with a single measure. Post-stratification improved the overall accuracy of some of the non- probability sample surveys but decreased the overall accuracy of others.
Cooperation and Contagion in Networked Public Goods Experiments

A longstanding idea in the literature on human cooperation is that cooperation should be reinforced when conditional cooperators are more likely to interact. In the context of social networks, this idea implies that cooperation should fare better in highly clustered networks such as cliques than in networks with low clustering such as random networks. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of web-based experiments, in which 24 individuals played a local public goods game arranged on one of five network topologies that varied between disconnected cliques and a random regular graph. In contrast with previous theoretical work, we found that network topology had no significant effect on average contributions. This result implies either that individuals are not conditional cooperators, or else that cooperation does not benefit from positive reinforcement between connected neighbors. We then tested both of these possibilities in two subsequent series of experiments in which artificial "seed" players were introduced, making either full or zero contributions. First, we found that although players do generally behave like conditional cooperators, they are as likely to decrease their contributions in response to low contributing neighbors as they are to increase their contributions in response to high contributing neighbors. Second, we found that positive effects of cooperation are not contagious. In total we report on 113 human subjects experiments, highlighting the speed, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of web-based experiments over those conducted in physical labs.
Interdepartmental Conflict in Organizational Buying: The Impact of the Organizational Context

The author draws on theory and research in organizational behavior to formulate a model of organizational characteristics that affect buying-related interdepartmental conflict. The model is tested by PLS structural equation modeling with key-informant data from purchasing and engineering departments. Organizational characteristics such as barriers to communication, the reward system, and the ambiguity of departmental responsibilities explain a substantial portion of the variance in the manifestations of buying-related conflict.
The impact of work alienation on organizational citizenship behavior in the Canary Islands

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine work alienation (WA) as a mediator in the relationship between employees' perceptions of person‐organization (PO) fit – operationalized as value congruence – and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) directed at their organization (OCBO), co‐workers (OCBIC), and students or clients (OCBIS). Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 99 of the 156 (63.5 percent) teachers at a district high school in Spain. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the predicted relationships.Findings – Results support that PO fit is an antecedent of OCBO, OCBIC, and OCBIS and also, in general, that the three dimensions of WA (powerlessness, meaninglessness, and self‐estrangement) mediate this link. Separately, all WA dimensions are totally or partially supported as “full mediators,” except for powerlessness and meaninglessness that appear to act on OCBIS as “partial mediators. ” The model tested suggests PO fit predicts OCB and that this relations.
Assisted Living Pilot Program

Objective: The Department of Veterans Affairs funded assisted living, adult family home, and adult residential care for the first time in the Assisted Living Pilot Program (ALPP). This article compares the use and cost for individuals that entered ALPP and a comparison group. Method: This was a nonrandomized study. The comparison group consisted of VA patients who were eligible but did not enter an ALPP facility. The ALPP (n = 393) and comparison (n = 259) groups were followed for 12 months to assess ALPP facility, case management, and health care costs. Results: ALPP facility and ALPP case management costs were respectively $5,560 and $2,830 per individual. Total health care costs, including ALPP costs, were $11,533 higher for the ALPP group compared to the comparison group after adjusting for baseline differences. Discussion: Although ALPP successfully helped individuals transition to longer term care in these facilities, it was more costly than the comparison group.
Social Norms and Community Enforcement

The present paper extends the theory of self-enforcing agreements in a long-term relationship (the Folk Theorem in repeated games) to the situation where agents change their partners over time. Cooperation is sustained because defection against one agent causes sanction by others, and the paper shows how such a "social norm" is sustained by self-interested agents under various degrees of observability. Two main results are presented. The first one is an example where a community can sustain cooperation even when each agent knows nothing more than his personal experience. The second shows a Folk Theorem that the community can realize any mutually beneficial outcomes when each agent carries a label such as reputation, membership, or licence, which are revised in a systematic way.
Isoniazid Proliposome Powders for Inhalation—Preparation, Characterization and Cell Culture Studies

The aims of this study were to develop proliposome powders containing isoniazid (INH) in a dry powder aerosol form. INH-proliposome powders were prepared by a spray drying method. Proliposome physicochemical properties were determined using cascade impactor, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The toxicity of proliposomes to respiratory-associated cell lines and its potential to provoke immunological responses from alveolar macrophages (AM) were determined. Free INH and INH-proliposome bioactivities were tested in vitro and in AM infected with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). Aerosolization properties of INH-proliposome powders at 60 L/min, the powders showed mass median aerodynamic diameters of 2.99–4.92 μm, with fine particle fractions (aerosolized particles less than 4.4 μm) of 15–35%. Encapsulation of INH was 18–30%. Proliposome formulations containing INH to mannitol ratios of 4:6 and 6:4 exhibited the greatest overlapping peak between the drug and mannitol. INH-proliposomes were evidently nontoxic to respiratory-associated cells, and did not activate AM to produce inflammatory mediators—including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide—at a toxic level. The efficacy of INH-proliposome against AM infected with M. bovis was significantly higher than that of free INH (p < 0.05). INH-proliposomes are potential candidates for an alternative tuberculosis treatment.
Rapid Northward Spread of a Zooxanthellate Coral Enhanced by Artificial Structures and Sea Warming in the Western Mediterranean

The hermatypic coral Oculina patagonica can drive a compositional shift in shallow water benthic marine communities in the northwestern Mediterranean. Here, we analyze a long-term, large-scale observational dataset to characterize the dynamics of the species' recent northward range shift along the coast of Catalonia and examine the main factors that could have influenced this spread. The variation in the distributional range of Oculina patagonica was examined by monitoring 223 locations including natural and artificial habitats along >400 km of coastline over the last 19 years (1992–2010). Abundance of the species increased from being present in one location in 1992 to occur on 19% of the locations in 2010, and exhibited an acceleration of its spreading over time driven by the join action of neighborhood and long-distance dispersal. However, the pattern of spread diverged between artificial and natural habitats. A short lag phase and a high slope on the exponential phase characterized the temporal pattern of spread on artificial habitats in contrast to that observed on natural ones. Northward expansion has occurred at the fastest rate (22 km year−1) reported for a coral species thus far, which is sufficiently fast to cope with certain climate warming predictions. The pattern of spread suggests that this process is mediated by the interplay of (i) the availability of open space provided by artificial habitats, (ii) the seawater temperature increase with the subsequent extension of the growth period, and (iii) the particular biological features of O. patagonica (current high growth rates, early reproduction, and survival to low temperature and in polluted areas). These results are indicative of an ongoing fundamental modification of temperate shallow water assemblages, which is consistent with the predictions indicating that the Mediterranean Sea is one of the most sensitive regions to global change.
Applanation tonometry: a comparison of the Perkins handheld and Goldmann slit lamp-mounted methods

Purpose To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, taken using Perkins applanation tonometry (PAT) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Methods 100 eyes of 100 patients underwent Perkins and Goldmann applanation tonometry, with a randomized order of modality, performed by a masked observer. The right eye was measured, for all subjects, and the data used in statistical analysis. The comparability of results given by the two instruments was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method. Results IOP measurements for 100 eyes were obtained (range: 10–44 mmHg). The mean GAT reading was 21.63 mmHg, with standard deviation (SD) 5.69 mmHg. The mean PAT reading was 21.40 mmHg, with SD 5.67 mmHg. The mean difference between readings from Goldmann versus Perkins tonometry was 0.22 mmHg (SD: 0.44 mmHg). The limits of agreement were calculated to be −0.64–+1.08 mmHg (1.96 SD either side of the bias). Conclusion The Perkins applanation tonometer yields IOP measurements that are closely comparable with GAT. Therefore, PAT may be used in routine clinical practice, as part of the implementation of national guidelines, or preferred practice patterns, for glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Focal low-dose rate brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer

Whole-gland low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy has been a well-established modality of treating low-risk prostate cancer. Treatment in a focal manner has the advantages of reduced toxicity to surrounding organs. Focal treatment using LDR brachytherapy has been relatively unexplored, but it may offer advantages over other modalities that have established experiences with a focal approach. This is particularly true as prostate cancer is being detected at an earlier and more localized stage with the advent of better detection methods and newer imaging modalities.
The effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation of blood platelets treated with cisplatin

The effects of granulocyte colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) at concentrations of 0.08, 0.8 and 8 μg/ml on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation induced by cisplatin in pig blood platelets were investigated. The level of reactive oxygen species (O2.−, H2O2, singlet oxygen and organic radicals) generated in platelets was measured by the chemiluminescence method. Lipid peroxidation was determined by the thiobarbituric acid technique and was expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. G-CSF at the concentration of 0.08 μg/ml had a strong inhibitory effect (about 60% inhibition) on the production of ROS in the isolated pig platelets. This cytokine also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in control platelets and platelets treated with cisplatin (p<0.05). In the presence of G-CSF in the incubation medium (0.8 μg/ml) cisplatin-induced generation of ROS was also reduced (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that G-CSF has a protective effect against the oxidative stress in blood platelets caused by cisplatin.