Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network of Spaces and Interaction-Related Behaviors in Adult Intensive Care Units

Using three spatial network measures of “space syntax”, this correlational study describes four interaction-related behaviors among three groups of users in relation to visibility and accessibility of spaces in four adult intensive care units (ICUs) of different size, geometry, and specialty. Systematic field observations of interaction-related behaviors show significant differences in spatial distribution of interaction-related behaviors in the ICUs. Despite differences in unit characteristics and interaction-related behaviors, the study finds that when nurses and physicians “interact while sitting” they prefer spaces that help maintain a high level of environmental awareness; that when nurses “walk” and “interact while walking” they avoid spaces with better global access and visibility; and that everyone in ICUs “walk” more in spaces with higher control over neighboring spaces. It is argued that such consistent behavioral patterns occur due to the structural similarities of spatial networks over and above the more general functional similarities of ICUs.
Role of Meteorological Factors and Relative Impact of Rust Disease Management in Field Peas through Fungicides and Botanicals in Tarai Region of Indo-Gangetic Plains

The Indo-Gangetic Plains covers nearly onesixth of the total geographical area of the subcontinent and is inhabits nearly 42 per cent of the total population of 1.3 billion of South Asia. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a high quality protein rich crop natively belongs to south west Asia and legume crop majorly in the Indo-Gangetic regions of India. Field pea (dry) occupies an area of 0.73 mha with a production 0.60 million ton and productivity of 822 kg/ha in India (FAO, 2014). The major field pea producing states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Rajasthan, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Uttarakhand. However, the production of field pea is badly affected by a International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Bergmann Glia GABAA Receptors Concentrate on the Glial Processes That Wrap Inhibitory Synapses

We studied the cellular and subcellular distribution of GABAA receptors in the Bergmann glia and Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum by using electron microscopy postembedding immunogold techniques. Gold particles corresponding to α2 and γ1 immunoreactivity were localized in Bergmann glia processes that wrapped Purkinje cell somata, dendritic shafts, and some dendritic spines. The gold particles were mainly located on the glial plasma membrane or intracellularly but near the plasma membrane. The density of gold particles corresponding to α2 and γ1 GABAA receptor subunits was 4.3-fold higher in the glial processes wrapping Purkinje cell somata than in the glial processes wrapping Purkinje cell dendritic spines. Moreover, the Bergmann glia GABAA receptors were often located in close proximity to the type II GABAergic synapses made by the basket cell axons on Purkinje cell somata. These GABAergic synapses were enriched in neuronal GABAA receptors containing α1 and β2/3 subunits. Unexpectedly, 2.8% of the Purkinje cell dendritic spines also showed immunoreactivity for the neuronal α1 or β2/3 subunits, which were located on the spine in type I synapses or extrasynaptically. Double-labeling immunogold experiments showed that ∼50% of the dendritic spines that were immunolabeled with the neuronal GABAA receptors were wrapped by Bergmann glia processes containing glial GABAA receptors. These results are consistent with a role of the Bergmann glial GABAAreceptors in sensing GABAergic synaptic function.
Estimation of Total Incremental Health Care Costs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in the United States

Background— Detailed information on the cost burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited. To provide an up-to-date estimate of the national cost of AF, we conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study using administrative claims from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental research data bases, 2004 to 2006. Methods and Results— Patients aged ≥20 years with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient AF diagnoses in 2005 (first diagnosis=index) and ≥12 months' enrollment before and after index were selected. AF patients were propensity score–matched (1:1) with non-AF control subjects. Medical costs (2008 US$), including AF costs, other cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular costs, were examined over 1 year after index. National incremental costs of AF were based on age-/sex-specific AF prevalence projections for 2010. In total, 89 066 AF patients were matched to non-AF control subjects. Over 1 year, 37.5% of AF versus 17.5% of control subjects were hospitalized and 2.1% versus 0.1% died during hospitalization. For AF versus control subjects, mean annual inpatient costs per patient were $7841 versus $2622 (incremental cost, $5218), outpatient medical costs were $9225 versus $5629 ($3596), and outpatient pharmacy costs were $3605 versus $3714 (−$109) (all P<0.001). The total incremental cost of AF was $8705 per patient. The national incremental cost of AF was $26.0 billion (AF, $6.0 billion; other cardiovascular, $9.9 billion; noncardiovascular, $10.1 billion). Cardiovascular costs were based on claims with a primary disease diagnosis and may be underestimates. Conclusions— On the basis of current US age- and sex-specific prevalence data, the national incremental AF cost is estimated to range from $6.0 to $26.0 billion.
Enactive cinema paves way for understanding complex real-time social interaction in neuroimaging experiments

We outline general theoretical and practical implications of what we promote as enactive cinema for the neuroscientific study of online socio-emotional interaction. In a real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) setting, participants are immersed in cinematic experiences that simulate social situations. While viewing, their physiological reactions—including brain responses—are tracked, representing implicit and unconscious experiences of the on-going social situations. These reactions, in turn, are analyzed in real-time and fed back to modify the cinematic sequences they are viewing while being scanned. Due to the engaging cinematic content, the proposed setting focuses on living-by in terms of shared psycho-physiological epiphenomena of experience rather than active coping in terms of goal-oriented motor actions. It constitutes a means to parametrically modify stimuli that depict social situations and their broader environmental contexts. As an alternative to studying the variation of brain responses as a function of a priori fixed stimuli, this method can be applied to survey the range of stimuli that evoke similar responses across participants at particular brain regions of interest.
Quantized H∞ filtering for unreliable communication channel

In this paper, we consider the H∞ filtering problem for unideal communication channel using quantized measurements. Firstly, we introduce the stochastic variable satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution to model the lossy measurements. Then, we design a filter to cope with the losses and mitigate quantization effects simultaneously such that the filtering error system is not only mean-square stochastically stable, but also has a prescribed ∞ filtering performance. Further, we derive sufficient condition for the existence of the aforementioned filter. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate that the proposed approach is effective and feasible.
Risk factors for delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection for large colorectal tumors.

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic resection techniques for treating colorectal tumors have advanced recently so that large colorectal tumors can now be treated endoscopically, although some patients experience delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection. Our aim was to clarify the risk factors for delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection for colorectal tumors≥20 mm in diameter. Endoscopic submucosal dissection cases were excluded because of the low incidence of delayed bleeding after such procedures. METHODS This was a retrospective study using a prospectively completed database and patient medical records at a single, national cancer institution. A total of 403 colorectal endoscopic resections were performed on 375 consecutive patients. We analyzed the database and retrospectively assessed patient age, gender, hypertension and current use of anticoagulant (warfarin) or antiplatelet drugs (e.g. aspirin, ticlopidine) as well as tumor location, size, macroscopic type, histopathological findings, resection method and whether or not placement of prophylactic clips was performed during the endoscopic resection. RESULTS The overall rate of delayed bleeding was 4.2% (17/403) and the median interval between endoscopic resection and the onset of delayed bleeding was 2 days (range, 1-14 days). All delayed bleeding cases were successfully controlled by endoscopic hemostasis involving clipping and/or electrocoagulation without the need for surgical interventions or blood transfusions. Based on our univariate analysis, the delayed bleeding rate was significantly higher in both males (P=0.04) and those patients without prophylactic clip placement (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study results indicated that prophylactic clip placement may be an effective method for preventing delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection for large colorectal tumors.
Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of adolescent mass murderers.

OBJECTIVE The authors conducted a descriptive, archival study of adolescent (< or =19 years of age) mass murderers-subjects who intentionally killed three or more victims in one event-to identify demographic, clinical, and forensic characteristics. METHOD A nonrandom sample of convenience of adolescent mass murderers was utilized. RESULTS Thirty-four subjects, acting alone or in pairs, committed 27 mass murders between 1958 and 1999. The sample consisted of males with a median age of 17. A majority were described as "loners" and abused alcohol or drugs; almost half were bullied by others, preoccupied with violent fantasy, and violent by history. Although 23% had a documented psychiatric history, only 6% were judged to have been psychotic at the time of the mass murder. Depressive symptoms and historical antisocial behaviors were predominant. There was a precipitating event in most cases--usually a perceived failure in love or school--and most subjects made threatening statements regarding the mass murder to third parties. The majority of the sample clustered into three types: the family annihilator, the classroom avenger, and the criminal opportunist. CONCLUSIONS The adolescent mass murderer is often predatorily rather than affectively violent and typically does not show any sudden or highly emotional warning signs. Although the act of mass murder is virtually impossible to predict because of its extremely low frequency, certain clinical and forensic findings can alert the clinician to the need for further, intensified primary care, including family, school, community, law enforcement, and mental health intervention.
Endothelin-1 Regulation of Exercise-Induced Changes in Flow: Dynamic Regulation of Vascular Tone

Although endothelin (ET)-1 is a highly potent vasoconstrictor with considerable efficacy in numerous vascular beds, the role of endogenous ET-1 in the regulation of vascular tone remains unclear. The perspective that ET-1 plays little role in the on-going regulation of vascular tone at least under physiologic conditions is supported by findings that potential ET-1 constriction is minimized by the release of the vasodilator and ET-1 synthesis inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO). Indeed, ET-1 release and constriction is self-limited by ET-1-induced, endothelial ETB receptor-mediated release of NO. Moreover, even if the balance between ET-1 and NO were reversed as the result of lowered NO activity, as occurs in a number of pathophysiologies associated with endothelial dysfunction, the well-known resistance of ET-1 constriction to reversal (as determined with exogenous ET-1) precludes ET-1 in the dynamic, i.e., moment-to-moment, regulation of vascular tone. On the other hand, and as presently reviewed, findings of ET-1-dependent modulation of organ blood flow with exercise under physiologic conditions demonstrate the dynamic regulation of vascular tone by ET-1. We speculate that this regulation is mediated at least in part through changes in ET-1 synthesis/release caused by pulsatile flow-induced shear stress and NO.
Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaques and chimpanzees

motivated to interact with them, and have no need to establish a truce. Although rooks do not reconcile after conflicts, they do perform affiliative interactions, such as bill-twining, with their partners after conflicts. Similar types of events have been observed in great apes, but are largely absent in other species [17]. Primatologists use the term ‘consolation’ for third-party post-conflict affiliation, and hypothesize that it relieves distress produced by conflict [10]. The occurrence of consolation in chimpanzees, but not in other primates, is sometimes linked to chimpanzees’ capacity for empathy and knowledge of others’ minds [17]. Interestingly, corvids display striking convergence with chimpanzees in some aspects of their cognition, including their ability to make use of what others know in competitive settings [18]. The significance of this convergence is complicated by the fact that there is no evidence that third-party post-conflict affiliation actually provides consolation. In a new study of captive chimpanzees, Korski and Sterck [19] show that reconciliatory behavior between former opponents reliably reduces victims’ distress. But affiliation by individuals who were not involved in the original conflict does not have the same effect, even when it is initiated by favored partners, such as close kin. Again, it may be important to consider alternative, and perhaps less anthropomorphic, explanations. Seed et al. [8] suggest that third party post-conflict affiliation might reinforce bonds with allies. If so, we might predict that pair-bonded primates, like gibbons and titi monkeys, would engage in post-conflict affiliation with their mates after conflicts with outsiders. This prediction could be tested in pair-bonded primates, and in the many species of pair-bonded birds.
Type-Specific Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Acquired either Naturally or after Vaccination with Prevenar in Children with Underlying Chronic or Recurrent Lung Diseases

ABSTRACT The antibody response to capsular polysaccharides of pneumococcal serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F elicited either naturally or after vaccination with Prevenar was investigated in a cohort of children (n = 163) with underlying chronic or recurrent lung diseases at risk of developing pneumococcal pneumonia and ultimately invasive disease. Serum concentrations of serotype-specific antibodies, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in unvaccinated children (n = 88) were higher in nasopharyngeal carriers (n = 10) than in noncarriers (n = 78) both at baseline and during follow-up. However, the antibody levels depended on the serotype and age of the children. During the study period, 35% of unvaccinated noncarriers and 60% of unvaccinated carriers displayed serum antibodies to all serotypes above the reported WHO working group putative protective serum concentration against invasive disease (0.2 μg/ml). Overall, children vaccinated with Prevenar before enrollment (n = 61), irrespective of their carrier status, displayed significantly higher serum levels of antibodies to all serotypes than unvaccinated children. More than 85% of the vaccinated children had protective serum antibody concentrations at baseline; although antibody titers tended to decrease over time, the above-mentioned figure remained without change at the end of follow-up. The vaccine Prevenar elicited a significant rise in serum antibody concentrations against all serotypes in 14 children vaccinated at entry. All of these children acquired and maintained serum antibody levels of >0.2 μg/ml throughout the study (a mean of 13 months of follow-up). These data support the systematic use of the vaccine Prevenar in children with underlying chronic or recurrent lung diseases and stress the fact that a percentage of vaccinated children may need to be revaccinated in order to achieve protection against pneumococcal disease.
Cited Articles Citing Articles E-mail Alerts Curcumin, a Dietary Component, Has Anticancer, Chemosensitization, and Radiosensitization Effects by Down-regulating the Mdm2 Oncogene through the Pi3k/mtor/ets2 Pathway

The oncoprotein MDM2, a major ubiquitin E3 ligase of tumor suppressor p53, has been suggested as a novel target for human cancer therapy based on its p53-dependent and p53-independent activities. We have identified curcumin, which has previously been shown to have anticancer activity, as an inhibitor of MDM2 expression. Curcumin down-regulates MDM2, independent of p53. In a human prostate cancer cell lines PC3 (p53 null), curcumin reduced MDM2 protein and mRNA in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and enhanced the expression of the tumor suppressor p21 Waf1/CIP1. The inhibitory effects occur at the transcriptional level and seem to involve the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 pathway. Curcumin induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of PC3 cells in culture, but both MDM2 over-expression and knockdown reduced these effects. Curcumin also inhibited the growth of these cells and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine. When it was administered to tumor-bearing nude mice, curcumin inhibited growth of PC3 xenografts and enhanced the antitumor effects of gemcitabine and radiation. In these tumors, curcumin reduced the expression of MDM2. Down-regulation of the MDM2 oncogene by curcumin is a novel mechanism of action that may be essential for its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. Our observations help to elucidate the process by which mitogens up-regulate MDM2, independent of p53, and identify a mechanism by which curcumin functions as an anticancer agent.
Predictors of Recurrent Ductal Carcinoma In Situ after Breast-Conserving Surgery

Purpose Local recurrence is a major concern in patients who have undergone surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The present study assessed whether the expression levels of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67, as well as resection margin status, tumor grade, age at diagnosis, and adjuvant hormonal therapy and radiotherapy (RT) are associated with recurrence in women with DCIS. Methods In total, 111 patients with DCIS were included in the present study. The invasive and noninvasive recurrence events were recorded. The clinicopathological features; resection margins; administration of hormonal therapy and RT; expression statuses of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2; Ki-67 expression; and molecular subtypes were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the risk factors for recurrence. Results Recurrence was noted in 27 of 111 cases (24.3%). Involvement of resection margins, low tumor grade, high Ki-67 expression, and RT were independently associated with an increase in the recurrence rate (p<0.05, Pearson chi-square test). The recurrence rate was not significantly associated with patient age; ER, PR, and HER2 statuses; molecular subtype; and hormonal therapy. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested that the involvement of resection margins, low tumor grade, high Ki-67 index, and the absence of adjuvant RT were independently associated with increased recurrence in patients with DCIS. Future studies should be conducted in a larger cohort of patients to further improve the identification of patients at high-risk for DCIS recurrence.
Ultra-wideband signals in a Rician fading channel

This paper presents an analysis of the link performance of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals using a new figure of merit which is based on ability of UWB signals to mitigate the effect of channel fading. The new figure of merit is defined as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the received wideband signal power, which is a measure of the variation in the received signal power around its mean. A general expression for the CV of the received signal power for UWB signals in Rician fading multipath channels is derived. The CV expression is a function of multiple parameters: transmitted signal pulse energy spectral density, the chip duration, the channel delay spread and the specular-to-diffuse power ratio (also known as the Rician K-factor). It is shown that CV decreases with bandwidth spreading. An expression for the bit error rate is derived that depends on the CV of the received signal power. The CV can then be used as a measure for comparing the effect of pulse shapes on the system performance.
Lung Cancers with Concomitant EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements: Diverse Responses to EGFR-TKI and Crizotinib in Relation to Diverse Receptors Phosphorylation

Purpose: We investigated the incidence of concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in Chinese patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and assessed responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and crizotinib in such tumors. Experimental Design: We screened 977 consecutive patients with NSCLC for the presence of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-coupled PCR sequencing and FISH. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were used to correlate the activation of EGFR, ALK, and downstream proteins with responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib. Results: The overall frequency of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements was 1.3% (13/977). EGFR/ALK co-alterations were found in 3.9% (13/336) EGFR-mutant and 18.6% (13/70) ALK-rearranged patients. Ten tumors were treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, with a response rate of 80% (8/10). Two tumors with high phospho-ALK levels and low phospho-EGFR levels achieved stable and progressive disease, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 11.2 months. Coexpression of mutant EGFR and ALK fusion proteins in the same tumor cell populations was detected by IHC. Two cases with high phospho-ALK levels treated with crizotinib achieved partial responses; two cases with low phospho-ALK levels had progressive or stable disease. Conclusion: ALK rearrangements and EGFR mutations could coexist in a small subgroup of NSCLC. Advanced pulmonary adenocarcinomas with such co-alterations could have diverse responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib. Relative phospho-ALK and phospho-EGFR levels could predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKI and crizotinib. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1383–92. ©2014 AACR.