Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of whole genome exon array and array‐comparative genomic hybridization in gastric and colorectal cancer cells

Whole genome‐scale integrated analyses of exon array and array‐comparative genomic hybridization are expected to enable the identification of unknown genetic features of cancer cells. Here, we evaluated this approach in 22 gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines, focusing on protein kinase genes and genes belonging to the cadherin–catenin family. Regarding alternative splicing patterns, several cancer cell lines predominantly expressed isoform 1 of protein kinase A catalytic subunit beta (PRKACB). Paired gastric cancer specimens demonstrated that isoform 1 of PRKACB was a novel cancer‐related variant transcript in gastric cancers. In addition, the exon array analysis clearly identified exon 3 or exon 3–4 skipping in catenin beta 1, a short intron insertion with exon 9 skipping in CDH1, and a deletional transcript of CDH13. These abnormal transcripts were shown to have arisen from small genomic deletions. Meanwhile, an integrated analysis of 11 gastric cancer cell lines revealed that four cell lines amplified fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, with truncated forms observed in two of the cell lines. Gene amplification, and not the truncated form, was found to determine the sensitivity to a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, indicating that our cell line panel might be useful for cell‐based evaluations of specific inhibitors. Using an integrated analysis, we identified several abnormal transcripts and genomic alterations in gastric and colorectal cancer cells. Our approach might enable genetic changes to be identified more efficiently, and the present results warrant further investigation using clinical samples and integrated analyses. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 221–227)
Anesthetic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Potential Protection

Prolonged exposure of developing mammals to general anesthetics affects the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)–type glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor systems and enhances neuronal toxicity. Stimulation of immature neurons by NMDA antagonists or GABA agonists is thought to increase overall nervous system excitability and may contribute to abnormal neuronal cell death during development. Although the precise mechanisms by which NMDA antagonists or GABA agonists cause neuronal cell death are still not completely understood, up-regulation of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 may be an initiative factor in neuronal cell death. It is increasingly apparent that mitochondria lie at the center of the cell death regulation process. Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity has been generated in studies that apply oxidative stress blockers. Prevention of neuronal death by catalase and superoxide dismutase in vitro, or by M40403 (superoxide dismutase mimetic) in vivo, supports the contention that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the nature of neuronal cell death in rodents is mainly apoptotic. However, more evidence is necessary to in order verify the role of the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 and ROS in anesthetic-induced neurodegeneration.
Black and White as Valence Cues: A large-scale replication effort of Meier, Robinson, and Clore (2004)

Replication efforts involving large samples are recommended in helping to determine the reliability of an effect. This approach was taken for a study from Meier, Robinson, and Clore (2004), one of the first papers in social cognition guided by conceptual metaphor theory, which reported that evaluations were faster when word valence metaphorically matched (e.g., a word with a negative meaning in black) rather than mismatched (e.g., a word with a negative meaning in white) font color. The present investigation was a direct large-scale replication attempt involving 980 participants who completed an experiment using web-based software and were diverse in terms of race, age, and geographical location. Words with a positive meaning were evaluated faster when font color was white rather than black and words with a negative meaning were evaluated faster when font color was black rather than white, replicating the main results of Meier et al. (2004).
Dynamic Protein Kinase A Activities Induced by β-Adrenoceptors Dictate Signaling Propagation for Substrate Phosphorylation and Myocyte Contraction

cAMP/protein kinase (PK)A activation represents a key signaling mechanism for neurohormonal stimulation of diversified physiological processes. Using real-time, fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based imaging of PKA activity in neonatal cardiac myocytes, we report that sustained activation of PKA induced by β-adrenoceptor (βAR) dictates signaling propagation for substrate phosphorylation and myocyte contraction. Activation of βARs in wild-type myocytes induces strong and sustained PKA activities, which are rapidly attenuated on washing away agonist or adding antagonist to the cells. The sustained PKA activities promote signaling propagation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum for phosphorylation of phospholamban and increases in myocyte contraction. Addition of antagonist after βAR stimulation significantly attenuates PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and rapidly reduces contraction rate increases. Moreover, stimulation of β1AR subtype induces PKA activities similar to those in wild-type cells. In contrast, stimulation of β2AR subtype induces strong initial activation of PKA similar to those induced by β1AR; however, the activities are rapidly decreased to baseline levels. The transient PKA activities are sufficient for phosphorylation of the overexpressed β2ARs under agonist stimulation, but not phospholamban. Further analysis reveals that phosphodiesterase 4 is the major family that shapes PKA activities under βAR stimulation. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 extends β2AR-induced PKA activities, promotes PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban, and ultimately enhances myocyte contraction responses. Together, our data have revealed insights into kinetics of PKA activities in signaling propagation under neurohormonal stimulation.
Adaptation and avoidance: Observations of teachers' reactions to information and communications technology in the classroom

This paper reports and reflects upon the observed behaviours of teachers during the conduct of a large-scale telecommunications project. While teacher behaviours were not the original focus of the project, they quickly became an exogenous force on the environment which could not be ignored. This paper is drawn from field notes which revealed a pattern of success and frustration, of adaptation and avoidance as those concerned dealt with the subjective and logistical changes in their lives and in their teaching practice. The story told here is about the complexity of change, and the struggles faced by individuals in coming to terms personally and professionally with externally imposed change. This paper also is concerned with the "head and heart" of teaching,rather than the operational skills usually implied by technology adoption. The conclusions drawn concern the nature of professional development required to facilitate the adoption of information and communications technologies in the classroom.
Music in the Primary School

This Handbook is for all primary teachers, whether or not they feel they are at all 'musical'. The author, Dr Janet Mills, believes that primary class teachers can and should teach music, just as they teach all other subjects. This new edition has been revised and updated to take into account the latest requirements of the National Curriculum in England and Wales. However, all student teachers, teachers and initial teacher trainers, wherever they are working, will find this book a valuable resource, and essential reading. '. lively and honest . has children and music at heart' Times Educational Supplement '. essential reading for student teachers, teachers and initial teacher trainers . a valuable resource and a refreshing contribution to the literature of primary music'. Education '. remarkably timely and well conceived . ' British Journal of Music Education
Oxford handbook of anxiety and related disorders

1. Overview and introduction 2. Phenomenology and epidemiology of anxiety disorders 3. Approches to understanding anxiety disorders 4. Classification and assessment 5. Treatment of anxiety disorders 6. Other anxiety-based conditions 7. Comorbidity and relationships with other conditions 8. Anxiety in specific populations 9. Future directions
Leading Up the Lexical Garden Path: Segmentation and Ambiguity in Spoken Word Recognition

Two gating studies, a forced-choice identification study and 2 series of cross-modal repetition priming experiments, traced the time course of recognition of words with onset embeddings (captain) and short words in contexts that match (cap tucked) or mismatch (cap looking) with longer words. Results suggest that acoustic differences in embedded syllables assist the perceptual system in discriminating short words from the start of longer words. The ambiguity created by embedded words is therefore not as severe as predicted by models of spoken word recognition based on phonemic representations. These additional acoustic cues combine with post-offset information in identifying onset-embedded words in connected speech.
Disentangling jet and disc emission from the 2005 outburst of XTE J1118+480

The black hole X-ray transient, XTE J1118+480, has now twice been observed in outbursts – 2000 and 2005 – and on both occasions remained in the low/hard X-ray spectral state. Here we present radio, infrared, optical, soft X-ray and hard X-ray observations of the more recent outburst. We find that the light curves have very different morphologies compared with the 2000 event and the optical decay is delayed relative to the X-ray/radio. We attribute this lesser degree of correlation to contributions of emission from multiple components, in particular the jet and accretion disc. Whereas the jet seemed to dominate the broad-band spectrum in 2000, in 2005 the accretion disc seemed to be more prominent and we use an analysis of the light curves and spectra to distinguish between the jet and disc emission. There also appears to be an optically thin component to the radio emission in the 2005 data, possibly associated with multiple ejection events and decaying as the outburst proceeds. These results add to the discussion that the term ‘low/hard state’ covers a wider range of properties than previously thought, if it is to account for XTE J1118+480 during these two outbursts.
Estimating Snow Mass and Peak River Flows for the Mackenzie River Basin Using GRACE Satellite Observations

Flooding is projected to increase with climate change in many parts of the world. Floods in cold regions are commonly a result of snowmelt during the spring break-up. The peak river flow (Qpeak) for the Mackenzie River, located in northwest Canada, is modelled using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations. Compared with the observed Qpeak at a downstream hydrometric station, the model results have a correlation coefficient of 0.83 (p < 0.001) and a mean absolute error of 6.5% of the mean observed value of 28,400 m3·s−1 for the 12 study years (2003–2014). The results are compared with those for other basins to examine the difference in the major factors controlling the Qpeak. It was found that the temperature variations in the snowmelt season are the principal driver for the Qpeak in the Mackenzie River. In contrast, the variations in snow accumulation play a more important role in the Qpeak for warmer southern basins in Canada. The study provides a GRACE-based approach for basin-scale snow mass estimation, which is largely independent of in situ observations and eliminates the limitations and uncertainties with traditional snow measurements. Snow mass estimated from the GRACE data was about 20% higher than that from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets. The model is relatively simple and only needs GRACE and temperature data for flood forecasting. It can be readily applied to other cold region basins, and could be particularly useful for regions with minimal data.
The quality of friendship, friendship reciprocity and resilience

Introduction: Resilience is a human ability to adapt in face of hardship and tragedy events. Individuals have different levels of resilience, which can be increased or decreased by different factors. Friendship can be considered as one of these factors. The aim of the present study is to determine the relation of friendship quality and friendship reciprocity with resilience. Method: The sample included 250 students (120 boys and 130 girls) of third-year students in high school selected by random cluster sampling from four areas of the city of Shiraz. They were assessed by three questionnaires: friendship quality, friendship reciprocity (Hejazi and Zahrevan, 1380) and resilience (Conner-Davidson, 2003). Results: The results showed a positive and significant relation between friendship quality, friendship reciprocity and resilience. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis , self-disclosure, loyalty and confidence, proximity and friendship reciprocity are able to predict resilience changes . In relation with components of friendship quality, intimacy & self-disclosure and friendship reciprocity, girls have significant superiority to boys. Also the results showed girls are more resilient than boys. Conclusion: Friendship quality and friendship reciprocity can predict resilience. Therefore, encouraging adolescents to make reciprocal friendships can lead them to be more resilient. Also components of friendship quality, friendship reciprocity and resilience are different between two genders.
Does individual quality mask the detection of performance trade-offs? A test using analyses of human physical performance

Why are performance trade-offs so rarely detected in animals when their underlying physiological basis seems so intuitive? One possibility is that individual variation in health, fitness, nutrition, development or genetics, or ‘individual quality’, makes some individuals better or worse performers across all motor tasks. If this is the case, then correcting for individual quality should reveal functional trade-offs that might otherwise be overlooked. We tested this idea by exploring trade-offs in maximum physical performance and motor skill function in semi-professional soccer players. We assessed individual performance across five maximum ‘athletic’ tasks providing independent measures of power, stamina and speed, as well as five soccer-specific ‘motor skill’ tasks providing independent measures of foot control. We expected to find functional trade-offs between pairs of traits (e.g. endurance versus power/speed tasks or specialist–generalist performance) – but only after correcting for individual quality. Analyses of standardised raw data found positive associations among several pairs of traits, but no evidence of performance trade-offs. Indeed, peak performance across a single athletic task (degree of specialisation) was positively associated with performance averaged across all other athletic tasks (generalist). However, after accounting for an individual's overall quality, several functional trade-offs became evident. Within our quality-corrected data, 1500 m-speed (endurance) was negatively associated with squat time (power), jump distance (power) and agility speed – reflecting the expected speed–endurance trade-off; and degree of specialisation was negatively associated with average performance across tasks. Taken together, our data support the idea that individual variation in general quality can mask the detection of performance trade-offs at the whole-animal level. These results highlight the possibility that studies may spuriously conclude certain functional trade-offs are unimportant or non-existent when analyses that account for variation in general quality may reveal their cryptic presence.
Post-operative surgical wound infection.

The occurrence of post-operative wound infection was studied respectively over an eight month period in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. One hundred and seventy four (3.4%) surgical wounds out of 5129 operations became infected. The clean wound infection rate was 2.9%, rising to 5.4% and 12.2% for clean-contaminated and contaminated surgical wounds respectively. Of the wound infections, 80.8% occurred within the first two weeks post-operatively. Bacteriological studies revealed that the commonest bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (36.1 %),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(15.4%) and Klebsiella species (10.1 %).
Cortical Networks Underlying Mechanisms of Time Perception

Precise timing of sensory information from multiple sensory streams is essential for many aspects of human perception and action. Animal and human research implicates the basal ganglia and cerebellar systems in timekeeping operations, but investigations into the role of the cerebral cortex have been limited. Individuals with focal left (LHD) or right hemisphere (RHD) lesions and control subjects performed two time perception tasks (duration perception, wherein the standard tone pair interval was 300 or 600 msec) and a frequency perception task, which controlled for deficits in time-independent processes shared by both tasks. When frequency perception deficits were controlled, only patients with RHD showed time perception deficits. Time perception competency was correlated with an independent test of switching nonspatial attention in the RHD but not the LHD patients, despite attention deficits in both groups. Lesion overlays of patients with RHD and impaired timing showed that 100% of the patients with anterior damage had lesions in premotor and prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 8, 9, and 46), and 100% with posterior damage had lesions in the inferior parietal cortex. All LHD patients with normal timing had damage in these same regions, whereas few, if any, RHD patients with normal timing had similar lesion distributions. These results implicate a right hemisphere prefrontal–inferior parietal network in timing. Time-dependent attention and working memory functions may contribute to temporal perception deficits observed after damage to this network.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance of multidetector CT and MR imaging-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as noninvasive modalities for evaluating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies providing per-patient or per-lesion diagnostic accuracies of multidetector CT and MR imaging for HCCs in patients with chronic liver disease. Studies published from January 2000 to December 2012 that used a reference standard based on histopathologic findings and/or findings at follow-up were included. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were obtained by using a random-effects model with further exploration with meta-regression and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Forty studies (six on multidetector CT, 22 on MR imaging, and 12 on both CT and MR imaging) were included. The studies evaluated a total of 1135 patients with multidetector CT and 2489 patients with MR imaging. The overall per-patient sensitivity of MR imaging was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83%, 92%), with a specificity of 94% (95% CI: 85%, 98%). The overall per-lesion sensitivity of MR imaging was higher than that of multidetector CT when the paired data of the 11 available studies were pooled (80% vs 68%, P = .0023). Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging showed significantly higher per-lesion sensitivity than MR imaging performed with other contrast agents (87% vs 74%, P = .03). Per-lesion sensitivity was significantly lower for HCCs smaller than 1 cm than that for HCCs 1 cm or larger (P < .001 for CT, P = .02 for MR imaging) and for those in explanted livers (P = .04 for CT, P < .001 for MR imaging). CONCLUSION MR imaging showed higher per-lesion sensitivity than multidetector CT and should be the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of HCCs in patients with chronic liver disease.
The Undiscovered Self

Foreword to the Routledge Great Minds Edition 1. The Plight of the Individual in Modern Society 2. Religion as the Counterbalance to Mass-Mindedness 3. The Position of the West on the Question of Religion 4. The Individual's Understanding of Himself 5. The Philosophical and the Psychological Approach to Life 6. Self-Knowledge 7. The Meaning of Self-Knowledge
In-house time-resolved photocrystallography on the millisecond timescale using a gated X-ray hybrid pixel area detector.

With the remarkable progress of accelerator-based X-ray sources in terms of intensity and brightness, the investigation of structural dynamics from time-resolved X-ray diffraction methods is becoming widespread in chemistry, biochemistry and materials science applications. Diffraction patterns can now be measured down to the femtosecond time-scale using X-ray free electron lasers or table-top laser plasma X-ray sources. On the other hand, the recent developments in photon counting X-ray area detectors offer new opportunities for time-resolved crystallography. Taking advantage of the fast read-out, the internal stacking of recorded images, and the gating possibilities (electronic shutter) of the XPAD hybrid pixel detector, we implemented a laboratory X-ray diffractometer for time-resolved single-crystal X-ray diffraction after pulsed laser excitation, combined with transient optical absorption measurement. The experimental method and instrumental setup are described in detail, and validated using the photoinduced nitrosyl linkage isomerism of sodium nitroprusside, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, as proof of principle. Light-induced Bragg intensity relative variations ΔI(hkl)/I(hkl) of the order of 1%, due to the photoswitching of the NO ligand, could be detected with a 6 ms acquisition window. The capabilities of such a laboratory time-resolved experiment are critically evaluated.
Critical Realism and Semiosis

This paper explores the mutual implication of critical realism and semiosis (or the intersubjective production of meaning). It argues that critical realism must integrate semiosis into its account of social relations and social structuration. This goes well beyond the question of whether reasons can be causes to include more basic issues of the performativity of semiosis and the relationship between interpretation (verstehen) and causal explanation (erklA¤ren). The paper then demonstrates how critical realism can integrate semiosis into its accounts of dialectic of structure and agency through an evolutionary approach to structuration. It also demonstrates how critical semiotic analysis (including critical discourse analysis) can benefit from critical realism. In the latter respect we consider the emergence of semiotic effects and extra-semiotic effects from textual practices and give two brief illustrations of how this works from specific texts. The paper concludes with more general recommendations about the articulation of the discursive and extra-discursive aspects of social relations and its implications for critical realism.