Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prejudice toward immigrants.

In the present study, 4 variables (realistic threats, symbolic threats, intergroup ankiety. and negative stereotypes) were used to predict prejudice toward immigrants from Cuba, Mesico. and Asia in samples of students from states in the United States that are affected h) immigration from these areas (Florida, New Mexico, and Hawaii. respectively). All 4 variables were significant (or marginally significant) predictors of attitudes toward these immigrant groups. Evidence is presented that the predictor variables are conceptually and empirically distinct. However, these variables do appear to be tied together by an underlying theme: They all concern threats to the in-group or its members. Some of the implications of the results for intergroup relations are discussed.
Singing maternity through autoethnography: making visible the musical world of myself as a mother

There is perhaps no image more maternal and musical than that of a young mother cradling a child to her breast as she softly sings a sweet lullaby. Yet the way that a mother experiences, relates to and renders meaningful the social and musical moment of singing to her children remains silent and hidden in popular and academic discourse. In this paper, I will explore how music becomes mothering; that is, the way that women sing maternity and use music to mother; what music brings to their thoughts, feelings and identities as mothers; and, what kinds of interactions and interrelationships are created with their children through music as play and performance of mothering. Through auto‐ethnographic processes of reflection and research about my own experiences as the mother of two sons, and engagement with a wide array of discourses about mothering; the voices and perspectives of women take centre stage in this paper. My main concern is to make visible the musical worlds of mothers and children and make known the power of maternal song in creating places of excitement, empowerment, love and peace in the home for mothers and children.
Does teaching a solution-focused model of counselling work? A follow-up of graduates

Abstract Objective: To explore the ways in which graduates of a university counsellor-education programme reflected on their career development, retained the programme's distinctive theoretical counselling model in their counselling practice and engaged in continuing professional development. The main aim was to discover whether or not teaching a solution-focused model of counselling was worthwhile. Method: A questionnaire, using primarily solution-focused type questions, was distributed to all graduates. Interest was focused on specific events, both inside and outside the training programme and beyond, that contributed to graduates' sense of development as counsellors. Results: Thirty four graduates (response rate 62%) provided responses indicating their recognition that their sense of competence and identification as professional counsellors develops over time, and is assisted by relevant feedback and supervision from lecturers and practical counselling experience. Graduates also indicated that their fa.
How Male, Female, and Mixed-Gender Groups Regard Interaction and Leadership Differences in the Business Communication Course

Research on leadership and teams suggests that men and women exhibit different leadership and interpersonal communication styles. A review of literature and a survey of students in upper-level business communication courses at Central Mis souri State University provide evidence for five strategies to assist students in deal ing with team-interaction situations: 1. Instruct students in techniques to avoid groupthink and to promote and handle competition 2. Offer students ideas on and methods for reaching agreement in a timely manner 3. Vary the subject of group writing assignments to allow each student to be per ceived as an expert 4. Encourage all students to be active participants in the group process 5. Emphasize the importance of good writing skills to both males and females Finally, further research is needed regarding the "natural leader" role, the role of competition in groups, and the effect of perceptions of tasks as either "feminine" or "masculine. "
Reforms and Development of Higher Tourism Education in China

ABSTRACT Developed over the last two decades, higher tourism education in China has made a great contribution to the growth of the tourism industry, but is now faced with a variety of challenges in its further development. The article discusses the current situations and problems of higher tourism education in China, analyzes the causes of the problems and then puts forward suggestions to solve them.
Results of a community-based antiretroviral treatment program for HIV-1 infection in Western Uganda.

OBJECTIVE To compare the treatment outcomes and mortality in a rural community-based ART (CBART) program with a hospital-based ART program in the same district. METHODS The study design was a non-randomized cohort study consisting of 185 persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the CBART cohort and 200 PLWHIV in the hospital cohort. Eligibility for both cohorts was: being HIV-infected and eligible for ART, being treatment naïve, age 18 years or older, and being a resident of Rwimi sub-county. The intervention consisted of a community-based program which included weekly home visits to patients by trained volunteers who delivered antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), monitored and supported adherence to treatment, and identified and reported adverse reactions and other clinical symptoms. Outcome variables were compared to patients in a hospital-based cohort who received the standard care delivered to all other HIV patients in the hospital. The main outcome measures were HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL), CD4 cell count and mortality after six months of treatment. RESULTS Successful ART treatment outcome as measured by virological suppression (VL<400 copies/ml) in the CBART cohort were similar to those in the hospital-based cohort (90.1% vs 89.3%, p=0.47). The median CD4 cell count increased significantly in both cohorts (community-based cohort 159 cells/microl vs 145 cells/microl in the hospital-based cohort). Mortality was not significantly different in both cohorts (community-based cohort 11.9%, hospital-based cohort 9.0%). CONCLUSION The findings show that outcomes of a CBART intervention in a rural area compare favorably to outcomes of hospital-based care. If the study results are sustainable over a longer time period, this model could be considered for ART roll-out to impoverished rural/remote populations in Uganda and elsewhere.
Development of a model describing individuated adult child–parent relationships

This study investigates age-related changes and dyadic-specific differences in adult child–parent relationships. Using an individuation framework, two German samples of 224 and 105 participants aged between 21 and 47 years were administered the Network of Relationships Inventory, the Emotional Autonomy Scale and the Authority Reciprocity Questionnaire. Factor analyses resulted in a measurement model valid for adult children, their mothers and fathers. The model includes connectedness (with emotional and cognitive aspects) as well as individuality (assessed as power symmetry). Connectedness decreased with age. Symmetry in father–child relationships increased over time, while mother–child relationships were perceived to be symmetrical by early adulthood. Child–mother relationships were more connected than child–father relationships. Sons described themselves as more powerful than did daughters.
Two‐step procedure of whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation in rats: Considerations of techniques and graft functional adaptation

Intestinal transplantation may eventually become the definitive therapeutic modality for irreversible intestinal failure. To date, immunological, functional, and technical problems still hamper clinical success. In this paper, the technical aspects of a two‐stage procedure for a whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation model of rats with systemic drainage are illustrated. Graft mucosal Na+/K+‐ATPase and disaccharidase revealed recovery of graft function. From this study, we conclude that the present model may provide an excellent tool to further investigate the physiology and immunology of intestinal transplantation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006.
Everything You Have Always Wanted to Know About Academic Advising (Well, Almost)

Answering the question “What occurs in an academic advising interaction? ” is not as easy as one might think. Many factors contribute to the academic advising process, and no two advising interactions are the same. This article discusses the different factors involved in an academic advising interaction, emphasizing the need for psychological counselors to become familiar with the specific aspects of the advising processes that occur at their respective institutions.
Responding to concerns about a study of infant overnight care postseparation, with comments on consensus: reply to Warshak (2014)

© 2015 American Psychological Association. Richard Warshak (2014) published a "consensus report" in this journal (Vol. 20, No. 1) documenting a policy position on infants and overnight care following parental separation. He asserts that "[t]here is no evidence to support postponing the introduction of regular and frequent involvement, including overnights, of both parents with their babies and toddlers" (p. 60). To support this assertion, Warshak presents a series of detailed concerns about an Australian study the authors conducted, some of which involve serious misrepresentations of our aims, methodology, and findings. In this reply, we clarify the purpose, context, and limitations of our study, and refute one of Warshak's central theses: that our study's design and results favor primary maternal care of young children and discourage overnights and shared parenting for fathers. We appraise the Warshak article, and consider whether other approaches to consensus statements and to policy dialogue might better serve families involved in the family law system, particularly when emotive debates such as the overnight care of young children cannot yet be resolved by science.
National Survey on Bullous Keratopathy in Japan

Purpose: To present the results of a national survey on bullous keratopathy (BK) in Japan. Methods: A cross-sectional national survey was conducted for 963 eyes with BK seen between 1999 and 2001 by members of the Japan Cornea Society. Demographic characteristics, type of surgery, complications, and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Results: BK accounted for 24.2% (963 eyes) of total keratoplasties performed during the period. Graft clarity was maintained in 77.4% of cases, and immunologic rejection and elevated intraocular pressure was noted in 10.8% and 15.3%, respectively. Cataract surgery was the most common cause of BK (n = 428, 44.4%), and phacoemulsification and aspiration were performed in approximately 40% of cases. BK secondary to laser iridotomy (LI) was the second most common cause of BK (n = 225, 23.4%). LI was performed as a prophylactic measure in approximately one half of these cases. BK developed with a mean duration of 6.8 years after LI. Fuchs dystrophy was the cause of BK in 18 eyes (1.9%). Conclusions: The causes of BK in Japan are considerably different from those in other Western countries. LI-related BKs showed a remarkably high number, whereas Fuchs dystrophy was observed only rarely.
Pay procedures: what makes them fair?

Instrumental and value-expressive models of procedural justice were the basis of a field study with 612 employees of a large county government. The purpose was to identify the standards used to assess the fairness of pay procedures, and to determine the extent to which instrumental and value-expressive models of procedural justice explain procedural assessments. Results support the inference that both instrumental and value-expressive evaluation standards are used for fairness judgments of pay procedures. Results also indicate that the relevance of instrumental and value-expressive standards is dependent upon the component of the pay process being evaluated and the criterion referent.
Efficient gene transfer in Synechococcus sp. strains PCC 7942 and PCC 6301 by interspecies conjugation and chromosomal recombination

We developed a versatile, efficient genetic transfer method for Synechococcus sp. strains PCC 7942 and PCC 6301 that exceeds natural transformation efficiencies by orders of magnitude. As a test case, we complemented a histidine auxotroph and identified a hisS homolog of PCC 7942 as the complementing gene.
The effect of musical training on verbal and tonal working memory

THE EFFECT OF MUSICAL TRAINING ON VERBAL AND TONAL WORKING MEMORY by CHING-I LU August 2012 Advisor: Dr. Margaret Greenwald Major: Communication Sciences and Disorders Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This dissertation explored the translation from print to sound of the tonal language Mandarin versus English versus musical notation in healthy volunteers. The performance of musicians and non-musicians was compared across a variety of reading tasks in an attempt to examine whether musical training can facilitate Mandarin tone or phonological processing. The effects of increasing working memory load on reading performance across tasks were also examined. Results showed that increasing demands on working memory in visual recognition tasks significantly decreased performance accuracy for both musicians and non-musicians across tasks. Significant differences in accuracy rates were observed between musicians and non-musicians. Although the tonal information in Mandarin is embedded in phonological information, the current study provided evidence that musicians are better able to extract this tonal information from print than are non-musicians, or to maintain it in working memory. Even in the Mandarin homophone task, which requires phonological judgments of print, the musicians demonstrated superior performance. The current study provides evidence that musical training facilitates phonological language processing.
Exploring the Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of Personality

In this study, the authors examine the generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of personality to the Romanian population by describing the translation and validation of the Romanian version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Using data from five samples and multiple sources (self-reports, other-reports, and school records) and over two thousand participants, they examined the internal consistency, test−retest reliability, factor structure, self−other agreement, and correlations with age, gender, education, and academic performance. Construct-related validity evidence was obtained by examining the correlations of the NEO PI-R with the Big Five Questionnaire and Big Five Adjectives. The results suggest that the Five-Factor Model generalizes to the Romanian cultural context and that the Romanian NEO PI-R has sound psychometric properties comparable with normative samples in America and elsewhere.
Effects of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Mortality Risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial

OBJECTIVE Intensive therapy targeting normal blood glucose increased mortality compared with standard treatment in a randomized clinical trial of 10,251 participants with type 2 diabetes at high-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We evaluated whether the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) at baseline modified the effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment on mortality outcomes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CAN was assessed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and QT index (QTI) computed from 10-s resting electrocardiograms in 8,135 ACCORD trial participants with valid measurements (mean age 63.0 years, 40% women). Prespecified CAN definitions included a composite of the lowest quartile of HRV and highest QTI quartile in the presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality. Associations between CAN and mortality were evaluated by proportional hazards analysis, adjusting for treatment group allocation, CVD history, and multiple prespecified baseline covariates. RESULTS During a mean 3.5 years follow-up, there were 329 deaths from all causes. In fully adjusted analyses, participants with baseline CAN were 1.55–2.14 times as likely to die as participants without CAN, depending on the CAN definition used (P < 0.02 for all). The effect of allocation to the intensive group on all-cause and CVD mortality was similar in participants with or without CAN at baseline (Pinteraction > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Whereas CAN was associated with increased mortality in this high-risk type 2 diabetes cohort, these analyses indicate that participants with CAN at baseline had similar mortality outcomes from intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment in the ACCORD cohort.
Experimental antitumor activity and preclinical toxicology of mycophenolic acid.

Summary Mycophenolic acid completely inhibited the growth of the Mecca lymphosarcoma and of the solid and ascites forms of Walker carcinosarcoma 256. The Gardner lymphosarcoma, C3H mammary carcinoma, adenocarcinoma 755, Ridgeway osteogenic sarcoma, X5563 plasma cell myeloma, and the Shionogi androgen-dependent mammary carcinoma 115 showed moderate response to mycophenolic acid. The L1210, C1498, and other murine leukemias and ascites were not inhibited. Mycophenolic acid or its monosodium salt was active against the Mecca lymphosarcoma when administered via the p.o. , i.m. , or i.p. route. The sodium salt was active when given i.v. A few phenolic ester and carbamate derivatives of mycophenolic acid inhibited the growth of the lymphosarcoma. When mycophenolic acid was administered i.p. or p.o. to mice bearing well-developed Mecca or Gardner lymphosarcomas, these tumors regressed. The combination of mycophenolic acid with either radiation or cyclophosphamide showed a synergistic antitumor response against experimental lymphosarcomas.
Changing mathematics teachers’ conceptions of assessment and feedback

Informed by an amalgam of notions drawn from constructivist, socio‐cultural, metacognitive and self‐regulation theory, the discourse created to describe assessment to enhance learning has gone through a number of iterations or discursive shifts. As a result, the current discourse is both ambitious and complex with the roles and responsibilities assigned to teachers and learners in learning and assessment radically transformed. Sponsored by the New Zealand Ministry of Education, the Teaching and Learning Research Initiative (TLRI) seeks to develop teachers’ research capability and to build knowledge about teaching and learning with the intention of improving outcomes for learners. Using a range of qualitative data generation strategies this TLRI research project investigated secondary school teachers’ and students’ conceptions of assessment and feedback. This paper reports on the professional learning that accrued for these teachers using the data gained from the four mathematics teachers in the project. It also details changes in these teachers’ thinking about the roles and responsibilities of teachers and learners in the assessment process and documents reported changes to their professional practice resulting from these changed views. Whilst it is argued that involvement in the project became a valuable form of professional learning whereby these teachers, to varying degrees, achieved accessibility to, and greater understanding of, the current discourse of formative assessment, the mediating influence of teachers’ efficacy beliefs is also acknowledged.
Image Interpolation Method Based on Wavelets

Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) can be used in various applications, such as image compression and coding. In this paper we examine how DWT can be used in image interpolation. Afterwards proposed method is compared with other traditional interpolation methods. Results show that proposed method yields better image interpolation performance compared to traditional image interpolation approaches.
Influence of psychopathic traits on social interaction patterns: Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence

Psychopathy is a combination of personality traits strongly associated with remorseless and impulsive antisocial behavior. Due to these traits, highly psychopathic individuals often cause financial, emotional and physical harm to others. A better understanding of the psychobiological mechanisms underlying affective and interpersonal deficits in psychopathy may contribute to develop means to minimize the negative impact psychopathic individuals have on society. The present work addressed the influence of psychopathic traits on social behavior and its neural correlates. The first study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize the neural mechanisms recruited by individuals varying in psychopathy when making decisions in the ultimatum game. Our findings suggested that decisions by individuals higher and lower in psychopathy result from distinct motivations. Although both groups rejected unfair offers in the same proportion, they recruited divergent neural mechanisms to produce responses, with decisions being predicted by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation (dlPFC) in low scorers, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in high scorers. Overall, these findings suggest that, contrary to low psychopathy scorers, the rejection of unfair offers by individuals scoring higher in psychopathy does not seem to be driven by fairness considerations. Instead, it appears to result from abnormal processing of the reward value of offers, leading to frustrationinduced rejection. By demonstrating that divergent mechanisms can give rise to comparable behavioral outcomes, these findings highlight the importance of investigating the neural correlates of social decision-making in psychopathy. The second study investigated the relation between psychopathic traits and interpersonal distance regulation. It was demonstrated that preferred interpersonal distance was specifically associated with coldheartedness, a component of psychopathy related to interpersonal callousness, with more coldhearted participants preferring shorter distances. Following evidence that the amygdala is implicated in the regulation of interpersonal distance in humans, these results support an association between psychopathy, and specifically callous personality traits, and amygdala dysfunction. Taken together, the findings obtained in both studies shed light on the neural basis of social behavior in psychopathy, while supporting previous suggestions of vmPFC and amygdala dysfunction in individuals with heightened psychopathic traits.
Response Bias and Wave Analysis of Mailed Questionnaires in Tourism Impact Assessments

Common concerns of tourism impact researchers are the rate of return on surveys and the possibility of nonresponse bias issues. Most tourism impact research uses mail surveys. In order to achieve high response rates, multiple mailings (waves) are often employed. Of concern are the differences between waves and the appropriate timing of the cutoff of mailings during the research process. This study examined the attitudinal and sociodemographic differences in three waves and a check of nonresponse bias. The study suggests that no differences exist in the waves, yet some differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents. Methodological implications are identified and discussed.