Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in the Perception of Social Support and Cognitive Engagement

A number of studies have provided evidence of the link between social support factors and academic achievement and a strong relation between cognitive engagement and achievement outcomes. However, the relationships between social support factors and cognitive engagement have seldom been tested. The present study is aimed at proposing latent factor modelling that addresses the significance of social support from parents, teachers and peers with respect to adolescent cognitive engagement. A total of 450 secondary school adolescents from a northern region in Malaysia participated in the survey. Using structural equation modelling as the main analysis, the hypothesised model was tested. Results revealed that the structural models differed for female and male models. Also, the findings support self-efficacy beliefs and behavioural engagement as two mediators in the relation between social support and cognitive engagement for girls, but only self-efficacy was a mediator in this association for boys. Implications of the study are discussed in relation to Bandura’s social cognitive theory.
Imbalance of Pro- vs. Anti-Coagulation Factors in Chinese Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Non-Cirrhotic Portal Vein Thrombosis

Background and Aim The coagulation abnormalities in non-cirrhotic Budd-Chiari syndrome (NC-BCS) and non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis (NC-PVT) are unclear. We conducted this case-control study to investigate the coagulation profile of NC-BCS and NC-PVT in Chinese patients. Methods We measured the levels of factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and antithrombin (AT) in blood samples from 37 NC-BCS patients, 74 NC-PVT patients, and 100 healthy controls. The levels and ratios of pro- and anti-coagulation factors were compared between patients with NC-BCS and healthy controls, between different types of NC-BCS and between NC-PVT and healthy controls. Results In patients with NC-BCS, factor VIII (P<0.001) was significantly elevated; factor V (P<0.001), VII (P<0.001), IX (P = 0.003), X (P<0.001), XI (P<0.001), XII (P<0.001), PC (P<0.001) and AT (P<0.001) were significantly decreased; and no difference was observed for factor II (P = 0.088) and PS (P = 0.199) compared with healthy controls. Factor VIII-to-PC (P = 0.008), factor VIII-to-PS (P = 0.037) and factor VIII-to-AT (P = 0.001) were significantly increased; other ratios were significantly reduced or did not show any difference. No differences were observed between different types of NC-BCS for individual pro- and anti-coagulation factors or the ratios between them. Among patients with NC-PVT, factor VIII (P<0.001) was significantly elevated and other factors were significantly decreased. Factor II-to-PC (P<0.001), factor VIII-to-PC (P<0.001), factor IX-to-PC (P<0.001), factor VIII-to-PS (P<0.001), factor II-to-AT (P<0.001), factor VIII-to-AT (P<0.001) and factor IX-to-AT (P<0.001) were significantly increased; all other ratios for NC-PVT were significantly reduced or did not show any significant difference. Conclusions NC-BCS and NC-PVT are associated with elevated levels of factor VIII and the decreased levels of PC and AT were probably the most significant features of coagulation imbalance. Additionally, NC-PVT was associated with decreased levels of PS.
The Relationship Between Luxury Consumption and Happiness, How Personality Traits Influence This Relationship, A Case Study in The Netherlands

This study aims to re-examine the relationship between luxury consumption, specifically luxury vehicle ownership, and happiness. It also discusses the influence of personality traits on this relationship. In exploring the relationship between luxury vehicle ownership and happiness, this study looks deeply into the aspects of luxury vehicle consumption that are correlated with happiness. These aspects are vehicle ownership, vehicle price and luxury vehicle ownership. Indeed, according to the literature, luxury vehicle ownership is ownership of the most expensive vehicle. To differentiate with the previous study, this study offers a new perspective in exploring the relationship between the consumption of a luxury vehicle and happiness using the big five personality traits, without ignoring the impact of income and personal characteristics. This study uses the LISS (Longitudinal Internet Studies for The Social Sciences) panel data, which contains happiness-related information from individuals who reside in the Netherlands. The OLS model is used to explore variations in happiness determinants and their effects on happiness. This study argues that luxury vehicles ownership can bring happiness. Furthermore, this study also argues that big five personality traits can moderate this relationship, whereby they have the capacity to influence the evaluation of luxury consumption, both ex ante and ex post. Nevertheless, this study tests only the relationship between luxury vehicle ownership and happiness, personality traits and happiness, and the moderating effect of big five personality traits on the relationship between luxury vehicle ownership and happiness. The mechanisms that work behind those relationships are not tested in this study. Results show that, luxury vehicles ownership increases happiness. However, there is not enough evidence to conclude that the big five personality traits can explain the variation of happiness levels reported by luxury vehicles owners.
Activation of Transcription Factor Nrf2 Signalling by the Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor SKI-II Is Mediated by the Formation of Keap1 Dimers

Background Anti-oxidant capacity is crucial defence against environmental or endogenous oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that plays a key defensive role against oxidative and cytotoxic stress and cellular senescence. However, Nrf2 signalling is impaired in several aging-related diseases, such as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, novel therapeutics that enhance Nrf2 signalling are an attractive approach to treat these diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings Nrf2 was stabilized by SKI-II (2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl) thiazole), which is a known sphingosine kinase inhibitor, in human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS2B, and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, leading to enhancement of anti-oxidant proteins, such as HO-1, NQO1 and GCLM. The activation of Nrf2 was achieved by the generation of inactive dimerized form of Keap1, a negative regulator of Nrf2 expression, which was independent of sphingosine kinase inhibition. Using mice that were exposed to cigarette smoke, SKI-II induced Nrf2 expression together with HO-1 in their lungs. In addition, SKI-II reduced cigarette smoke mediated oxidative stress, macrophages and neutrophil infiltration and markers of inflammation in mice. Conclusions/Significance SKI-II appears to be a novel activator of Nrf2 signalling via the inactivation of Keap1.
How English Language Arts Teachers Are Prepared for Twenty-First-Century Classrooms: Results of a National Study

A national study of English teacher preparation in U.S. colleges and universities revealed that faculty address changes in content and context salient to English education, particularly curricular, demographic, political, and technological changes, through initiatives at both the program and methods course levels. Programs require many hours of field placements and high numbers of credit hours in the subject area and in subject-specific methods, and also distribute the responsibility for addressing institutional and pedagogical change across courses. Methods courses raise awareness of focal issues and allow opportunities for preservice teachers to discuss these issues. However, opportunities are scarcer for applying knowledge by putting it into practice. This article discusses tensions in English education as they relate to conceptual coherence at the program and course levels, as well as tensions between what we call awareness versus application.
Emotions and Deception Detection

Humans have developed a complex social structure which relies heavily on communication between members. However, not all communication is honest. Distinguishing honest from deceptive information is clearly a useful skills, but individuals do not possess a strong ability to discriminate veracity. As others will not willingly admit they are lying, one must rely on different information to discern veracity. In deception detection, individuals are told to rely on behavioural indices to discriminate lies and truths. A source of such indices are the emotions displayed by another. This thesis focuses on the role that emotions have on the ability to detect deception, exploring the reasons for low judgemental accuracy when individuals focus on emotion information. I aim to demonstrate that emotion recognition does not aid the detection of deception, and can result in decreased accuracy. This is attributed to the biasing relationship of emotion recognition on veracity judgements, stemming from the inability of decoders to separate the authenticity of emotional cues. To support my claims, I will demonstrate the lack of ability of decoders to make rational judgements regarding veracity, even if allowed to pool the knowledge of multiple decoders, and disprove the notion that decoders can utilise emotional cues, both innately and through training, to detect deception. I assert, and find, that decoders are poor at discriminating between genuine and deceptive emotional displays, advocating for a new conceptualisation of emotional cues in veracity judgements. Finally, I illustrate the importance of behavioural information in detecting deception using two approaches aimed at improving the process of separating lies and truths. First, I address the role of situational factors in detecting deception, demonstrating their impact on decoding ability. Lastly, I introduce a new technique for improving accuracy, passive lie detection, utilising body postures that aid decoders in processing behavioural information. The research will conclude suggesting deception detection should focus on improving information processing and accurate classification of emotional information.
A Two-Person Inspection Method to Improve Prog ramming Productivity

A6xfmct-Thls paper reviews current research and investigates the effect of n two-person Inspeetion method on programmer productivity. This method is similar to tbe current larger team method in stressing f d t detection, but doCS not use a moderator. The experiment used a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. An experimental and control group of novices each completed two programming assignments. The amount of time taken to complete each program. (Timel, Timel) was recorded for each subject. The subjects or the experlmental group did either a design inspection, a code inspection, o r both during the development of the second program. An analysis of variance was performed nnd the relationship between Timel and Time2 was modeled for both groups. A comparison of the models revealed (he experimental group improved significantly in programming speed as a result of using tbe two-person inspection. I t also a p peared as though this method was more elkctive at improving the performance of the slower programmers. This two-person method could have its application in those envimnmeats wbcre access to larger team resourcm Is nol available. If further researeta establishes consistency with this method then it might be useful IS a transition to the larger team method.
2D:4D ratio and its association with examination scores and cognitive abilities in adolescent students - A cross-sectional study

Background: 2D:4D ratio or the ratio of lengths of 2nd (index finger) and 4th (ring finger), a proxy marker for prenatal testosterone exposure, is known to be sexually dimorphic with males having lower values. Low digit ratio is associated with certain characteristics such as aggression in males and assertiveness in females. Similarly, high digit ratio in males is associated with increased sperm counts, increased risk for heart disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to measure 2D:4D ratios of adolescent students and look for associations between 2D:4D ratios and their Higher Secondary School Board examination scores and their cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, spatial ability, and intelligence. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 70 adolescents of 18-19 years age group pursuing their education in the campus of Saveetha University. The 2D:4D ratio was measured from the midpoint of bottom crease where the finger joins the hand to the tip of the finger using digital Vernier calipers. Selected few domains of cognition were evaluated using the tests for free and placement recall, category fluency tests, and visual N-back tests. Correlation between 2D:4D ratio and Higher Secondary Board examination scores and mean cognition test scores were tested using Pearsons correlation test. Comparison of test scores between genders and low scorers versus normal scorers was performed using student t-test. Results: The mean 2D:4D ratio of the study population was 0.97 ± 0.034. The mean 2D:4D ratio of males (0.97 ± 0.32) was not significantly different from that of females (0.98 ± 0.035). There was no significant correlation between higher secondary scores and the 2D:4D ratio. Significant relationships with 2D:4D ratios and domains of cognition tested (free and placement recall, category fluency, and working memory) were not observed. Existing literature also revealed many inconsistencies within the pattern of associations between 2D:4D digit ratio and cognitive abilities. Conclusion: The future studies in a larger population with more and different tests for assessment of cognition would help us in ascertaining the role of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy marker for prenatal androgen exposure.
Direct numerical simulation of Nusselt number scaling in rotating

We report results from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection, regarding the scaling of heat transfer with the Rayleigh number for rotating systems at a fixed rate of rotation. The Prandtl number, Pr = 6.4, is kept constant. We perform simulations, using a spectral element method, for Rayleigh numbers Ra from 10 to 10, and Rossby numbers Ro from 0.09 to∞. We find that the Nusselt number Nu scales approximately with a power 2/7 of Ra at sufficiently high Ra for all Ro. The value of Ra beyond which this Nusselt scaling is well established increases with decreasing Ro. Depending on the rotation rate, the Nusselt number can increase up to 18% with respect to the non-rotating case. c © 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow. 2015.05. 016
Nearness of Objects: Extension of Approximation Space Model

The problem considered in this paper is the extension of an approximation space to include a nearness relation. Approximation spaces were introduced by Zdzis? aw Pawlak during the early 1980s as frameworks for classifying objects by means of attributes. Pawlak introduced approximations as a means of approximating one set of objects with another set of objects using an indiscernibility relation that is based on a comparison between the feature values of objects. Until now, the focus has been on the overlap between sets. It is possible to introduce a nearness relation that can be used to determine the "nearness" of sets of objects that are possibly disjoint and, yet, qualitatively near to each other. Several members of a family of nearness relations are introduced in this article. The contribution of this article is the introduction of a nearness relation that makes it possible to extend Pawlak's model for an approximation space and to consider the extension of generalized approximations spaces.
Resurrecting the red from the dead: optical properties of BCGs in X‐ray luminous clusters★

We present measurements of surface brightness and colour profiles for the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in a sample of 48 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters. These data were obtained as part of the Canadian Cluster Comparison Project (CCCP). The Kormendy relation of our BCGs is steeper than that of the local ellipticals, suggesting differences in the assembly history of these types of systems. We also find that while most BCGs show monotonic colour gradients consistent with a decrease in metallicity with radius, 25 per cent of the BCGs show colour profiles that turn bluer towards the centre (blue cores). We interpret this bluing trend as evidence for recent star formation. The excess blue light leads to a typical offset from the red sequence of 0.5 to 1.0 mag in (g � − r � ), thus affecting optical cluster studies that may reject the BCG based on colour. All of the blue-core BCGs are located within ∼10 kpc of the peak in the cluster X-ray emission. Furthermore, virtually all of the BCGs with recent star formation are in clusters that lie above the Lx–T x relation. Based on photometry alone, these findings suggest that central star formation is a ubiquitous feature of BCGs in dynamically relaxed cool-core clusters. This implies that while active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and other heating mechanisms are effective at tempering cooling, they do not full compensate for the energy lost via radiation.
Distances to Populous Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud via the K-band Luminosity of the Red Clump

We present results from a study of the distances and distribution of a sample of intermediate-age clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Using deep near-infrared photometry obtained with ISPI on the CTIO 4 m, we have measured the apparent K-band magnitude of the core helium-burning red clump stars in 17 LMC clusters. We combine cluster ages and metallicities with the work of Grocholski and Sarajedini to predict each cluster's absolute K-band red-clump magnitude and thereby calculate absolute cluster distances. An analysis of these data shows that the cluster distribution is in good agreement with the thick, inclined-disk geometry of the LMC, as defined by its field stars. We also find that the old globular clusters follow the same distribution, suggesting that the LMC's disk formed at about the same time as the globular clusters, ∼13 Gyr ago. Finally, we have used our cluster distances in conjunction with the disk geometry to calculate the distance to the LMC center, for which we find (m - M)0 = 18.40 ± 0.04 ± 0.08 , or D0 = 47.9 ± 0.9 ± 1.8 kpc.
Pharmacogenetic & Pharmacokinetic Biomarker for Efavirenz Based ARV and Rifampicin Based Anti-TB Drug Induced Liver Injury in TB-HIV Infected Patients

Background Implication of pharmacogenetic variations and efavirenz pharmacokinetics in concomitant efavirenz based antiviral therapy and anti-tubercular drug induced liver injury (DILI) has not been yet studied. We performed a prospective case-control association study to identify the incidence, pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic and biochemical predictors for anti-tubercular and antiretroviral drugs induced liver injury (DILI) in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients. Methods and Findings Newly diagnosed treatment naïve TB-HIV co-infected patients (n = 353) were enrolled to receive efavirenz based ART and rifampicin based anti-TB therapy, and assessed clinically and biochemically for DILI up to 56 weeks. Quantification of plasma efavirenz and 8-hydroxyefaviernz levels and genotyping for NAT2, CYP2B6, CYP3A5, ABCB1, UGT2B7 and SLCO1B1 genes were done. The incidence of DILI and identification of predictors was evaluated using survival analysis and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. The incidence of DILI was 30.0%, or 14.5 per 1000 person-week, and that of severe was 18.4%, or 7.49 per 1000 person-week. A statistically significant association of DILI with being of the female sex (p = 0.001), higher plasma efavirenz level (p = 0.009), efavirenz/8-hydroxyefavirenz ratio (p = 0.036), baseline AST (p = 0.022), ALT (p = 0.014), lower hemoglobin (p = 0.008), and serum albumin (p = 0.007), NAT2 slow-acetylator genotype (p = 0.039) and ABCB1 3435TT genotype (p = 0.001). Conclusion We report high incidence of anti-tubercular and antiretroviral DILI in Ethiopian patients. Between patient variability in systemic efavirenz exposure and pharmacogenetic variations in NAT2, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 genes determines susceptibility to DILI in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Close monitoring of plasma efavirenz level and liver enzymes during early therapy and/or genotyping practice in HIV clinics is recommended for early identification of patients at risk of DILI.
Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

Purpose We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential peri-implant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant (4.1 mm × 8.5 mm) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss® (BI), and Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response (61.00±15.28 Ncm) than CO (31.60±14.38 Ncm) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.
Running head : HOPELESSNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS Predicting hopelessness and psychological distress : the role of perfectionism and coping

This study investigated an integrative model involving the relationship between perfectionism (P.L. Hewitt & G.L. Flett, 1991) and coping (C.S. Carver, M.F. Scheier, & J.K. Weintraub, 1989) to predict changes in hopelessness and general psychological distress among college students. Results indicated that changes in psychological wellbeing (4 to 5 weeks later) were predicted by socially prescribed perfectionism and, as theorized, avoidance coping moderated the link between perfectionism and psychological well-being beyond initial levels of distress. Support was also found for the adaptive effects of cognitive reconstruction coping and other-oriented perfectionism whereas, under certain conditions, self-oriented perfectionism was shown to be maladaptive. These findings offer support for the proposed model. Implications for intervention and suggestions for future research are discussed.