Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sufficient Conditions for Uniform Stability of Regularization Algorithms

In this paper, we study the stability and generalization properties of penalized empirical-risk minimization algorithms. We propose a set of properties of the penalty term that is sufficient to ensure uniform β-stability: we show that if the penalty function satisfies a suitable convexity property, then the induced regularization algorithm is uniformly β-stable. In particular, our results imply that regularization algorithms with penalty functions which are strongly convex on bounded domains are β-stable. In view of the results in [3], uniform stability implies generalization, and moreover, consistency results can be easily obtained. We apply our results to show that `p regularization for 1 < p ≤ 2 and elastic-net regularization are uniformly β-stable, and therefore generalize.
Measuring anhedonia: impaired ability to pursue, experience, and learn about reward

Ribot’s (1896) long standing definition of anhedonia as “the inability to experience pleasure” has been challenged recently following progress in affective neuroscience. In particular, accumulating evidence suggests that reward consists of multiple subcomponents of wanting, liking and learning, as initially outlined by Berridge and Robinson (2003), and these processes have been proposed to relate to appetitive, consummatory and satiety phases of a pleasure cycle. Building on this work, we recently proposed to reconceptualize anhedonia as “impairments in the ability to pursue, experience, and/or learn about pleasure, which is often, but not always accessible to conscious awareness. ” (Rømer Thomsen et al., 2015). This framework is in line with Treadway and Zald’s (2011) proposal to differentiate between motivational and consummatory types of anhedonia, and stresses the need to combine traditional self-report measures with behavioral measures or procedures. In time, this approach may lead to improved clinical assessment and treatment. In line with our reconceptualization, increasing evidence suggests that reward processing deficits are not restricted to impaired hedonic impact in major psychiatric disorders. Successful translations of animal models have led to strong evidence of impairments in the ability to pursue and learn about reward in psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. It is of high importance that we continue to systematically target impairments in all phases of reward processing across disorders using behavioral testing in combination with neuroimaging techniques. This in turn has implications for diagnosis and treatment, and is essential for the purposes of identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Here I review recent progress in the development and application of behavioral procedures that measure subcomponents of anhedonia across relevant patient groups, and discuss methodological caveats as well as implications for assessment and treatment.
Hensin Remodels the Apical Cytoskeleton and Induces Columnarization of Intercalated Epithelial Cells: Processes that Resemble Terminal Differentiation

Intercalated epithelial cells exist in a spectrum of phenotypes; at one extreme, β cells secrete HCO3 by an apical Cl/HCO3 exchanger and a basolateral H+ ATPase. When an immortalized β cell line is seeded at high density it deposits in its extracellular matrix (ECM) a new protein, hensin, which can reverse the polarity of several proteins including the Cl/HCO3 exchanger (an alternately spliced form of band 3) and the proton translocating ATPase. When seeded at low density and allowed to form monolayers these polarized epithelial cells maintain the original distribution of these two proteins. Although these cells synthesize and secrete hensin, it is not retained in the ECM, but rather, hensin is present in a large number of intracellular vesicles. The apical cytoplasm of low density cells is devoid of actin, villin, and cytokeratin19. Scanning electron microscopy shows that these cells have sparse microvilli, whereas high density cells have exuberant apical surface infolding and microvilli. The apical cytoplasm of high density cells contains high levels of actin, cytokeratin19, and villin. The cell shape of these two phenotypes is different with high density cells being tall with a small cross-sectional area, whereas low density cells are low and flat. This columnarization and the remodeling of the apical cytoplasm is hensin-dependent; it can be induced by seeding low density cells on filters conditioned by high density cells and prevented by an antibody to hensin. The changes in cell shape and apical cytoskeleton are reminiscent of the processes that occur in terminal differentiation of the intestine and other epithelia. Hensin is highly expressed in the intestine and prostate (two organs where there is a continuous process of differentiation). The expression of hensin in the less differentiated crypt cells of the intestine and the basal cells of the prostate is similar to that of low density cells; i.e., abundant intracellular vesicles but no localization in the ECM. On the other hand, as in high density cells hensin is located exclusively in the ECM of the terminally differentiated absorptive villus cells and the prostatic luminal cell. These studies suggest that hensin is a critical new molecule in the terminal differentiation of intercalated cell and perhaps other epithelial cells.
VISION SCREENING OF FOUR‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN

Included in a general health control of an un‐selected population of 2 447 four‐year‐old children, a vision screening was performed, using a visual acuity test (Marquez‐Bostrom's hooks), cover test and Wirt Fly Stereo test. The screening could be carried out in 98% of the children. 364 children (15.2%) were referred because of newly detected visual defects, and 358 children (15.0%) were professionally examined. Of these, 40.8% had a visual acuity of ≤0.6 and 5.9% of ≤0.1. Functional amblyopia was found in 12.3% and manifest strabismus in 10.3%, The main error of refraction was hyperopia (≥ 2.5 D), diagnosed in 28.5%, while myopia was infrequent, 3.9%.
Performance Pay and Top Management Incentives

Our estimates of the pay-performance relation (including pay, options, stockholdings, and dismissal) for chief executive officers indicate that CEO wealth changes $3.25 for every $1,000 change in shareholder wealth. Although the incentives generated by stock ownership are large relative to pay and dismissal incentives, most CEOs hold trivial fractions of their firms' stock, and ownership levels have declined over the past 50 years. We hypothesize that public and private political forces impose constraints that reduce the payperformance sensitivity. Declines in both the pay-performance relation and the level of CEO pay since the 1930s are consistent with this hypothesis.
Introduction to Special Issue on Psychosis and Personality Disorder

This Special Issue has sought to gather work concerned with the effects of various aspects of personality in individuals with psychosis. Personality here is not defined solely in terms of pathology; rather it represents the lenses by which someone sees the world and reacts to it in a fairly consistent way through life. When it comes to individuals with psychosis, personality has long been ignored from studies investigating the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment outcomes, often suggesting that the psychotic experience would overshadow all personality aspects. Today, more and more studies are recognising that persons who experience psychosis and personality disorders share a number of common experiences including (dys)regulation of affect; disrupted capacities for mentalisation; adverse early experiences including loss and trauma which compromise attachment security; and the presence of impairments in interpersonal functioning. Although diagnostic manuals of mental disorders treat psychosis and personality disorders as separate phenomenon, this underestimates the importance of understanding shared and differential processes underpinning the aetiology and conceptualisation of these complex mental health problems. To spur discussion and debate about the interface of personality this Special Issue features papers which examine: links between cognitive flexibility and delusional ideation (Oliver et al., 2012), comorbidity with antisocial personality disorder (Mueser et al., 2012), trauma history, stigma and anger (Outcalt & Lysaker, 2012), experiences of abuse, interpersonal functioning and relationships with voices (Connor & Birchwood, 2012), mentalisation in people with psychosis in both community and forensic settings (Mitchell et al., 2012), and experiences of treatment amongst those with psychosis and comorbid personality disorder (Therien, Tranulis, Lecomte, & Berube, 2012). To prepare readers for these pieces we will offer a brief review of literature on the patterns and frequencies of the co-occurrence of psychosis and personality disorders, the correlates of personality features when they cooccur in psychosis, and the impact of personality-related issues on treatment.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Pyndri: a Python Interface to the Indri Search Engine Pyndri (cid:63) : a Python Interface to the Indri Search Engine

We introduce pyndri , a Python interface to the Indri search engine. Pyndri allows to access Indri indexes from Python at two levels: (1) dictionary and tokenized document collection, (2) evaluating queries on the index. We hope that with the release of pyndri, we will stimulate reproducible, open and fast-paced IR research.
Human papillomavirus in a rural community in Zimbabwe: The impact of HIV co‐infection on HPV genotype distribution

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in developing countries, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked etiologically to cervical cancer. Hence, a vaccine which prevents HPV‐associated cervical cancer would have the most impact in developing countries, including the African continent. The type‐specific immune response towards HPV virus‐like particles, in combination with geographical variation in the prevalence of HPV, necessitates the presence of multiple HPV type antigens in a single vaccine cocktail in order to provide relevant protection. We aimed to investigate whether co‐infection with HIV, which is highly prevalent in Africa, plays a role in HPV genotype distribution. After informed consent, HPV detection by GP5+/6+ PCR and HIV detection by serology was carried out on 236 women from the rural north‐western part of Zimbabwe. The prevalence of HPV was higher in HIV positive women (54%) than in HIV negative women (27%). Certain HPV types (HPV types 11, 39, 43, 51, and 59, P‐values ranging from 0.017 to 0.067) occurred more frequently in HIV positive women. Only high‐risk HPV, and not HIV, was associated significantly with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, a high prevalence of HPV was found in a rural community, where regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears would be a logistic and economic impossibility, but where free vaccination programmes against other infections are already established. The results suggest that HIV co‐infection may have an impact on HPV genotype distribution. J. Med. Virol. 73:481–485, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chapter IV: Learning Disabilities and Remediation in Disadvantaged Children

The present review is concerned primarily with research on factors associated with learning disabilities and remediation among disadvantaged children. These factors include intelligence; school achievement; reading retardation; linguistics and language patterns; perception, conception, cognition, and vocabulary; and cumulative effects of social and cultural background. On the basis of the foregoing, suggestions are made for the development of a theoretical system within which research on remediation is examined. Research on remediation includes programs, experiments, and some consideration of the role of the teacher. Finally, the review discusses limitations of present studies and suggests directions for future research.
Applications in Social Justice Counselor Training: Classroom without Walls.

The article addresses an innovative approach to promote social justice counseling and advocacy training in graduate counseling programs. The classroom without walls concept involves innovative counseling practicums and field-based experiences, supervision, and mentoring that go beyond the walls of traditional classrooms to help national and international graduate counseling programs more effectively incorporate social justice pedagogy to build a more humanistic, equitable, just, and harmonious society.
Continuous Control in Bacterial Regulatory Circuits

ABSTRACT We show that for two well-characterized regulatory circuits in Escherichia coli, Tn10 tetracycline resistance and porin osmoregulation, the transcriptional outputs in individual cells are graded functions of the applied stimuli. These systems are therefore examples of naturally occurring regulatory circuits that exhibit continuous control of transcription. Surprisingly, however, we find that porin osmoregulation is open loop; i.e., the porin expression level does not feed back into the regulatory circuit. This mode of control is particularly interesting for an organism such as E. coli, which proliferates in diverse environments, and raises important questions regarding the biologically relevant inputs and outputs for this system.
Psychological Aspects of Gambling Behaviour: An Australian Psychological Society Position Paper

Abstract Gambling has always held a prominent place in the Australian cultural ethos. However, recent legislative changes have resulted in the expansion of new and existing forms of gambling within the community. This trend has met with stringent criticism from various community sectors, primarily health, welfare and Church organisations who express concern over the deleterious consequences produced by excessive gambling behaviour. This paper describes the extent of gambling within the Australian community and its social acceptance as a form of recreation. It recognises that, for psychological and sociological reasons, certain groups may be at greater risk for developing gambling problems and that a further proportion may experience impaired control over their behaviour leading to severe personal and familial distress including suicide and family and marital breakdown. Why people persist at gambling and the psychological processes leading to impaired control is poorly understood. Psychologists have a majo.
The author of John’s letters – the Evangelist, or another?

Ever since C.H. Dodd suggested that he had found significant differences in the vocabulary used in the Johannine letters from that of the Gospel, Bible commentators have debated the possibility of different authorship. This paper aims to show that the Elder, the author of the letters, is undoubtedly different from the Evangelist by demonstrating that their personality types (as described by Jung) are widely different. The three letters were scrutinised for words or styles which betray the author’s personality type and 276 indications of personality type pointed strongly towards Sensing, Feeling, and Judging preferences, with the probability of Extraversion. The Elder’s strong tendency towards Sensing lies in diametric opposition to the Evangelist’s all‐prevailing Intuition. These two authors are shown to be as different as chalk and cheese; thus closing a long debate. A full type description (ESFJ) shows how his personality fits his role in the Johannine Community and explains both his apparent failure to ‘speak out’ at an early stage of disagreement and his final antagonistic reaction towards the secessionists.
Noticing Noticing

This study investigated the following question: To what extent and in what ways might using video help interns reflect on their discussion-based teaching in a more complex manner than when they use memory-based written reflection? Three elementary interns participated in the study. Findings suggest that video-supported reflection enabled interns to write more specific (vs. general) comments about their teaching than writing from memory, shift the content of the reflections from a focus on classroom management in memory-based reflections to a focus on instruction when video was available, and focus less on themselves and more on children when they reflected on video clips of their teaching. The power of video-based reflection to help interns revisit, notice, and investigate how they facilitate classroom discussions is considered.
Factors Influencing the Sexual Relationships of Lesbians and Gay Men

ABSTRACT This study examined the rewards and costs that lesbians and gay men experience in their sexual relationships. Participants were 23 lesbians and 15 gay men who completed questionnaires and participated in a semi-structured interview. Frequently identified sexual rewards included emotional and physical intimacy, feeling accepted and supported, communication, and a positive view of self. Sexual costs included feeling vulnerable and negative social and cultural attitudes toward same-sex relationships. Sexual rewards and costs tended to cluster into three main categories: relationship factors, sexual factors, and factors related to being a sexual minority. The participants' responses illustrate the limitations of applying conventional (biomedical) models of sexual response to men as well as to women. Moreover, they strengthen calls for theories of sexual functioning that are based on diverse experiences and that consider sociocultural, political, economic, relational, psychological, and medical factors.
The challenges of the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test for second language students

Results from the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) indicate that English as a Second Language (ESL) and English Literacy Development (ELD) students have comparatively low success and high deferral rates. This study examined the 2002 and 2003 OSSLT test performances of ESL/ELD and non-ESL/ELD students in order to identify and understand the factors that may help explain why ESL/ELD students failed the test at relatively high rates. The analyses also attempted to determine if there were significant and systematic differences in ESL/ELD students' test performance. The performance of ESL/ELD students was consistently and similarly lower across item formats, reading text types, skills and strategies, and the four writing tasks. Using discriminant analyses, it was found that narrative text type, indirect understanding skill, vocabulary strategy of reading, and the news report writing task were significant predictors of ESL/ELD membership. The results of this study provide direction for further research and instruction regarding English literacy achievement for these second language students within the context of having to complete large-scale English literacy tests designed and constructed for first English language students.
Multi-Classifier Based LIDAR and Camera Fusion

We present a sensor fusion system using lidar and camera. We separate the system into two part which is hypothesis generation part and hypothesis verification part. These parts use different single sensors. Hypothesis generation is done using the lidar and hypothesis verification is done using the camera image. In hypothesis generation, we cluster the lidar data and do a perspective mapping to generate the candidate. In hypothesis verification, we used 5-SVMs classifier. Based on the candidate position, the candidate is putted in different SVM. In the result, we compared the result between 5-SVM hypothesis verification and single SVM hypothesis verification. The result showed 2.2% improvement.
Down regulation of MHC-II expression in serial passages of allogenic bone marrow derived stromal cells for cell based therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) show evidence of being potential candidates for allogenic application; however test methods to evaluate their suitability are not yet well established. The study evaluates the possible role of histocompatible markers for routine preclinical screening of MSCs for cell based therapies. The results in 5 healthy, prospective, allogenic donor-recipient pairs in co-culture experiments demonstrated downregulation of MHC-II expression up until passage 5. The lack of HLA-DR in cytotoxicity assays are suggestive of hypoimmunogenic nature of MSC's. The preproof-of concept in the current study throws new light in the potential wider clinical applicability of mesenchymal stem cells.
Changing Gendered Practices in Physi Education: Working with Teachers

This paper examines new possibilities for gender reform in physical education in the context of what has gone before. The first section of the paper reviews the ways in which gender reform in physical education has been theorized and implemented in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the second reports on an Australian professional development and evaluation project which has been informed by a position which understands gender as socially constructed. While this is not a new position in terms of academic writing about gender in physical education, there have been few reports of physical education initiatives in schools or educational systems which have been specifically informed by such an approach. Finally, this paper will report on how successful, at this stage of the project, professional development workshops have been in motivating initiatives in schools.
Inquiry, Modeling, and Metacognition: Making Science Accessible to All Students

Our objective has been to develop an instructional theory and corresponding curricular materials that make scientific inquiry accessible to a wide range of students, including younger and lower achieving students. We hypothesized that this could be achieved by recognizing the importance of metacognition and creating an instructional approach that develops students' metacognitive knowledge and skills through a process of scaffolded inquiry, reflection, and generalization. Toward this end, we collaborated with teachers to create a computer enhanced, middle school science curriculum that engages students in learning about and reflecting on the processes of scientific inquiry as they construct increasingly complex models of force and motion phenomena. The resulting ThinkerTools Inquiry Curriculum centers around a metacognitive model of research, called the Inquiry Cycle, and a metacognitive process, called Reflective Assessment, in which students reflect on their own and each other's inquiry. In this article, we report on instructional trials of the curriculum by teachers in urban classrooms, including a controlled comparison to determine the impact of including or not including the Reflective Assessment Process. Overall, the curriculum proved successful and students' performance improved significantly on both physics and inquiry assessments. The controlled comparison revealed that students' learning was greatly facilitated by Reflective Assessment. Furthermore, adding this metacognitive process to the curriculum was particularly beneficial for low-achieving students: Performance on their research projects and inquiry tests was significantly closer to that of high-achieving students than was the case in the control classes. Thus, this approach has the valuable effect of reducing the educational disadvantage of low-achieving students while also being beneficial for high-achieving students. We argue that these findings have strong implications for what such metacognitively focused, inquiry-oriented curricula can accomplish, particularly in urban school settings in which there are many disadvantaged students. (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s1532690xci1601_2)