Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Source of the River

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On genomic coding theory

SUMMARY This paper gives a brief overview of several applications from the emerging interdisciplinary field of genomic coding theory that aims at applying concepts and techniques from the field of coding theory to problems from the field of molecular biology. This is motivated by the high precision and robustness found in genomic processes in addition to the increase in the availability of genomic data for a wide range of species. The considered applications include source coding for DNA classification, channel coding for modelling gene expression with emphasis on the process of translation, existence of error correcting codes in the DNA and channel coding structure in the genetic code. Example results are presented that demonstrate the relevance of the proposed approaches and open questions are formulated to suggest future research work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The art of questioning in online learning environments: the potentialities of feedback in writing

Abstract Research on feedback has focused more on generating feedback rather than on how students use it and implement it; that is, what type of cognitive, metacognitive or affective activity students engage in once they have received feedback. In order to visualize feedback use and implementation, a quasi-experimental study was carried out. Students were randomly assigned to four conditions, in respect of the type of feedback (corrective, epistemic-questioning, suggestive and epistemic + suggestive). This research provides evidence of how students use and implement feedback in online collaborative writing. Findings show that when students received epistemic + suggestive feedback, they engaged in more cognitive and metacognitive activities. With regard to implementation, students who received epistemic + suggestive feedback obtained better final marks. This study highlights the importance of metacognitive activities in online learning, as they play a key role in the implementation of feedback.
Reproductive Performance of Arabian and Thoroughbred Mares under Subtropical Conditions of Pakistan

Breeding records of 57 Arabian and 66 Thoroughbred mares were analysed to assess their reproductive performance under the subtropical conditions of Pakistan. The Arabian mares showed significantly higher conception rates (p<0.05) in second mated oestrus and foal heat mated oestrus compared to Thoroughbred mares. However, conception rates for first lifetime mated oestrus were similar in both breeds of mares. Age at first mating (1,301±40 vs 1,500±32 days) was significantly (p<0.05) less in Arabian compared to Thoroughbred mares. Both breeds of mares showed significantly (p<0.05) higher frequencies of oestrous cycles and conception rates during the winter (October to March) compared to summer (June to August) months. Age of mares affected the conception rates, as mares at ages 3 to 7 and 8 to 12 years of ages had significantly higher conception rates (p<0.05) than those ≥18 years old in both breeds. This study demonstrates that i) reproductive performance in Arabians is better than Thoroughbred mares under the subtropical conditions of Pakistan, ii) mares remain cyclic throughout the year and iii) conception rates were higher in mares bred during winter compared to summer months.
Talking in another person's shoes: Incremental perspective-taking in language processing

Language use in conversation is fundamentally incremental, and is guided by the representations that interlocutors maintain of each other’s knowledge and beliefs. While there is a consensus that interlocutors represent the perspective of others, three candidate models, a Perspective-Adjustment model, an Anticipation-Integration model, and a Constraint-Based model, make conflicting predictions about the role of perspective information during on-line language processing. Here we review psycholinguistic evidence for incrementality in language processing, and the recent methodological advance that has fostered its investigation—the use of eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm. We present visual world studies of perspective-taking, and evaluate each model's account of the data. We argue for a Constraint-Based view in which perspective is one of multiple probabilistic constraints that guide language processing decisions. Addressees combine knowledge of a speaker’s perspective with rich information from the discourse context to arrive at an interpretation of what was said. Understanding how these sources of information combine to influence interpretation requires careful consideration of how perspective representations were established, and how they are relevant to the communicative context.
Developmental investigation of emotional inference from speech during childhood

が(Planalp, DeFrancisco, & Rutherford, 1996),この発 話に含まれる口調などの音声的側面(以下,パラ言語 情報とする)と,言語的な情報などの意味的側面(以 下,言語内容とする)は,同時に異なる感情を表すこ ともある。 大人を対象とした研究では,そのようなパラ言語情 報と言語内容が食い違う発話を聞いた際,パラ言語情 報を重視して話者の感情を判断することが示されてい る(Mehrabian & Wiener, 1967)。 Dupuis & PichoraFuller(2010)は,言語内容が喜びを表す文と悲しみ を表す文を,それぞれ言語内容とは異なる感情のパ ラ言語情報で読み上げた音声を作成した。 それを成 人に提示し,話者の感情を喜びか悲しみで答えさせ たところ,パラ言語情報に基づいて回答する傾向が 示された。 しかし,幼児期から児童期にかけては,パラ言語情 報よりもむしろ言語内容を重視する傾向が示されてい る(Friend, 2000; Morton & Trehub, 2001)。 Friend(2000) は,母親が子どもに語りかけている設定の下,褒めて いるような文と叱っているような文を用いた。 そして, 双方を喜びと怒りの感情で読み上げ,言語内容とパラ 言語情報が同じ感情を表す一致発話と,異なる感情を 表す不一致発話を作成した。 その音声を 4, 7, 10歳児 に聞かせ,笑顔と怒り顔の図版で話者の感情を答えさ せたところ,一致発話では 4歳児も適切に話者の感情 幼児期から児童期の子どもにおける 発話からの感情判断の発達 1, 2, 3
Galactic Foregrounds in Owens Valley Radio Observatory and UCSB South Pole 1994 Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Data

We study Galactic emission foreground contamination of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and UCSB South Pole 1994 cosmic microwave background anisotropy data by cross-correlating with templates of infrared dust emission and new high-resolution Virginia Tech Spectral Line Survey (VTSS) and Southern Hα Sky Survey Atlas (SHASSA) Hα data. Hα data provide rough upper limits on the level of free-free emission in the data sets. The cross-correlation analysis does not contradict a two-component foreground emission hypothesis, with the two dust-correlated components being free-free emission and spinning-dust emission.
Domain Specificity in Experimental Measures and Participant Recruitment

We challenge the prevailing notion that risk taking is a stable trait, such that individuals show consistent risk-taking/aversive behavior across domains. We subscribe to an alternative approach that appreciates the domain-specific nature of risk taking. More important, we recognize heterogeneity of risk profiles among experimental samples and introduce a new methodology that takes this heterogeneity into account. Rather than using a convenient subject pool (i.e., university students), as is typically done, we specifically targeted relevant subsamples to provide further validation of the domain-specific nature of risk taking. Our research shows that individuals who exhibit high levels of risk-taking behavior in one content area (e.g., bungee jumpers taking recreational risks) can exhibit moderate levels in other risky domains (e.g., financial). Furthermore, our results indicate that risk taking among targeted subsamples can be explained within a cost-benefit framework and is largely mediated by the perceived benefit of the activity, and to a lesser extent by the perceived risk.
Sponsorship and social identity in advancement of women leaders in South Africa

Purpose In South Africa, women in senior management positions experience social identity dilemmas, necessitating more research into this domain. While research has been conducted into coaching and mentoring of these women, limited scholarly attention has been paid to sponsorship. This paper aims to explore the social identity of women at senior management levels and sponsorship as a proposed mechanism to develop talented women. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research included two studies using two sample groups, both of which included executive-level respondents in corporate organisations. One study focussed on sponsorship; here, the 29-strong sample included 14 male and 15 female executives, of whom 15 were White; 9 were African and 5 were Indian. The second study, consisting of only African, coloured and Indian (ACI) female executives (23 interviewees), focussed more broadly on their development path to the C-suite. Findings A common theme across the two studies was the inclination to give developmental support, in turn, once supported. There were prerequisites in this support-giving, however. For example, sponsors identified criteria that protégés had to meet. Despite evident gender inequality at senior management levels in South Africa, this paper reveals that in the Study 1 sample, gender and race were ostensibly irrelevant when choosing a sponsor or who to sponsor. A closer examination revealed a gender-based expectation, embedded in the South African context. Study 2 showed that ACI women above 50 years of age were more inclined to mentor others; even when they themselves were not mentored, some purposefully developed other ACI women. This paper thus suggests age as an important additional diversity dimension in relation to the career development of ACI women towards the C-suite. The findings have implications for the career development of individual ACI women and for organisations in reaching equality. Research limitations/implications Gender differences with regard to perceptions also revealed that male respondents perceived sponsorship more as task-based actions, whereas female respondents focussed on relational elements. The paper concludes with recommendations on how individual ACI women and organisations can proactively develop talented women. Originality/value The paper offers insight into the gendered expectations of sponsors and gendered perceptions around merit in identifying protégés worthy of sponsorship. ACI women’s social identity changed when they joined the C-suite to identify more with their roles as executives and became less associated with their original ACI women group.
Unsupervised Learning of Audio Segment Representations using Sequence-to-sequence Recurrent Neural Networks

Representing audio segments expressed with variable-length acoustic feature sequences as ﬁxed-length feature vectors is usually needed in many speech applications, including speaker identiﬁcation, audio emotion classiﬁcation and spoken term detection (STD). In this paper, we apply and extend sequence-to-sequence learning framework to learn representations for audio segments without any supervision. The model we used is called Sequence-to-sequence Autoencoder (SA), which consists of two RNNs equipped with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units: the ﬁrst RNN acts as an encoder that maps the input sequence into a vector representation of ﬁxed dimensionality, and the second RNN acts as a decoder that maps the representation back to the input sequence. The two RNNs are then jointly trained by minimizing the reconstruction error. We further propose Denoising Sequence-to-sequence Autoencoder (DSA) that improves the learned representations. The vector representations learned by SA and DSA are shown to be very helpful for query-by-example STD. The experimental results have shown that the proposed models achieved better retrieval performance than using audio segment representation designed heuristically and the classical Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) approach.
Measuring language attitudes using the Personalized Implicit Association Test: A case study on regional varieties of Dutch in Belgium

This paper introduces the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT, Olson & Fazio, 2004) as a novel measure for language attitudes. Tying in with sociolinguists’ renewed interest in social psychological attitude measures (e.g., Campbell-Kibler, 2012; Pantos & Perkins, 2012; Speelman, Spruyt, Impe & Geeraerts, 2013), the study uses the P-IAT to measure associations with regional varieties of Belgian Dutch and compares the results to an explicit measurement, as well as the results from an experiment using auditory affective priming, another reaction time based attitude measure developed in social psychology, reported in Speelman et al. (2013). Results from both implicit measures show a strong preference for the standard variety of Belgian Dutch over out-group regional varieties, as well as in-group preferences for participants’ own variety over other regional varieties. However, results do not entirely coincide. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits and potential demerits of the P-IAT as a measure of language attitudes.
Diversification in European Stock Markets: Country vs. Industry

The European Union and the introduction of the Euro make the connection between European countries much stronger. Because of these institutional changes one might expect that country effects diminish over time and that diversification strategies concentrate more on the industrial composition of the portfolio. So far empirical evidence has yielded rather mixed results. Hence, we would like to shed light on this discussion with another specification. Using recent data we find that more efficient portfolios can be found by diversifying over industries compared to diversification over countries.
Afterword: Mongolian-made capitalism

ABSTRACT Oligarchy (oligarhi) has become a well-worn Mongolian term for describing the social order. Real power and wealth is now said to be monopolized by a small number of super-elite families. The roots of this oligarchic capitalism lie in the process by which ownership was acquired and concentrated so as to take control of companies, rather than simply making profitable investments. The emergent form resembles Thomas Piketty's notion of ‘patrimonial capitalism’, a political economy dominated by inherited private capital, rather than the wealth created by entrepreneurship or innovation. Mongolian capitalism can also be seen as patrimonial in another sense. Its roots lie in the opportunistic struggle over a form of national patrimony: the enterprises and resources inherited from the previous political economy. The new proprietorial class already appears faintly dynastic, and presently there seem to be no barriers to the transmission of wealth to the next generation of super-rich.
Geometric stability via information theory

The Loomis-Whitney inequality, and the more general Uniform Cover inequality, bound the volume of a body in terms of a product of the volumes of lower-dimensional projections of the body. In this paper, we prove stability versions of these inequalities, showing that when they are close to being tight, the body in question is close in symmetric difference to a 'box'. Our results are best possible up to a constant factor depending upon the dimension alone. Our approach is information theoretic. We use our stability result for the Loomis-Whitney inequality to obtain a stability result for the edge-isoperimetric inequality in the infinite $d$-dimensional lattice. Namely, we prove that a subset of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with small edge-boundary must be close in symmetric difference to a $d$-dimensional cube. Our bound is, again, best possible up to a constant factor depending upon $d$ alone.
Common Drifting Volatility in Large Bayesian VARs

The general pattern of estimated volatilities of macroeconomic and financial variables is often broadly similar. We propose two models in which conditional volatilities feature comovement and study them using U.S. macroeconomic data. The first model specifies the conditional volatilities as driven by a single common unobserved factor, plus an idiosyncratic component. We label this model BVAR with general factor stochastic volatility (BVAR-GFSV) and we show that the loss in terms of marginal likelihood from assuming a common factor for volatility is moderate. The second model, which we label BVAR with common stochastic volatility (BVAR-CSV), is a special case of the BVAR-GFSV in which the idiosyncratic component is eliminated and the loadings to the factor are set to 1 for all the conditional volatilities. Such restrictions permit a convenient Kronecker structure for the posterior variance of the VAR coefficients, which in turn permits estimating the model even with large datasets. While perhaps misspecified, the BVAR-CSV model is strongly supported by the data when compared against standard homoscedastic BVARs, and it can produce relatively good point and density forecasts by taking advantage of the information contained in large datasets.
Student teachers’ motivation matters!

This study is based on the approach that not only the quality of a course is significant for the learning output but also individual aspects of dealing with the requirements and of mastering them. It examines a situated and problem based learning arrangement of a course. Students have to acquire knowledge, analyse authentic situations at school, create a learning situation themselves and evaluate this lessons as an own case study, focused on the learning of the students and the fit of the support of the teachers to their learning. Based on a goal focused self-assessment, we investigate the effect of student teachers’ evaluation of the quality of the course (1), their use of different learning settings and different learning strategies (2), their work motivation and their volition to reach the goals (3) on their learning output of the course. Results of regression analyses show that each of these approaches contribute to the explained variance of the learning output; the quality of the course explains 16% (1), the use of the learning opportunities 33% (2) and motivational factors 31% (3). A conclusion for teacher education is that good qualified courses are essential, but student teachers’ motivation to deal with the requirements of a demanding learning arrangement is significant for their professionalization.
Dorsal–Ventral Integration in the Recognition of Motion-Defined Unfamiliar Faces

The primate visual system is organized into two parallel anatomical pathways, both originating in early visual areas but terminating in posterior parietal or inferior temporal regions. Classically, these two pathways have been thought to subserve spatial vision and visual guided actions (dorsal pathway) and object identification (ventral pathway). However, evidence is accumulating that dorsal visual areas may also represent many aspects of object shape in absence of demands for attention or action. Dorsal visual areas exhibit selectivity for three-dimensional cues of depth and are considered necessary for the extraction of surfaces from depth cues and can carry out cognitive functions with such cues as well. These results suggest that dorsal visual areas may participate in object recognition, but it is unclear to what capacity. Here, we tested whether three-dimensional structure-from-motion (SFM) cues, thought to be computed exclusively by dorsal stream mechanisms, are sufficient to drive complex object recognition. We then tested whether recognition of such stimuli relies on dorsal stream mechanisms alone, or whether dorsal–ventral integration is invoked. Results suggest that such cues are sufficient to drive unfamiliar face recognition in normal participants and that ventral stream areas are necessary for both identification and learning of unfamiliar faces from SFM cues.
PLUS: Parameterized and Localized trUst management Scheme for sensor networks security

The wireless and resource-constraint nature of a sensor network makes it an ideal medium for attackers to do any kinds of vicious things. In this paper, we describe PLUS, a parameterized and localized trust management scheme for sensor networks security, where each sensor node maintains highly abstracted parameters, rates the trustworthiness of its interested neighbors to adopt appropriate cryptographic methods, identify the malicious nodes, and share the opinion locally. Results of a serious of simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme can maximize security as well as minimize energy consumption for sensor networks. And also, the secure routing proposed based on PLUS shows its benefit and feasibility
Protein Structure Prediction in Genomics

As the number of completely sequenced genomes rapidly increases, including now the complete Human Genome sequence, the post-genomic problems of genome-scale protein structure determination and the issue of gene function identification become ever more pressing. In fact, these problems can be seen as interrelated in that experimentally determining or predicting or the structure of proteins encoded by genes of interest is one possible means to glean subtle hints as to the functions of these genes. The applicability of this approach to gene characterisation is reviewed, along with a brief survey of the reliability of large-scale protein structure prediction methods and the prospects for the development of new prediction methods.
A Front-Tracking Method for Dendritic Solidification

We present a front-tracking method to simulate time dependent two-dimensional dendritic solidification of pure substances. The method is based on a finite difference approximation of the heat equation and explicit tracking of the liquid? solid interface. Discontinuities in material properties between solid and liquid phases as well as topology changes and interfacial anisotropies are easily handled. The accuracy of the method is verified through comparison with exact solutions to a two-dimensional Stefan problem. Convergence under grid refinement is demonstrated for dendritic solidification problems. Experimentally observed complex dendritic structures such as liquid trapping, tip-splitting, side branching, and coarsening are reproduced. We also show that a small increase in the liquid to solid volumetric heat capacity ratio markedly increases the solid growth rate and interface instability.
Using Bankruptcy to Reduce Foreclosures: Does Strip-Down of Mortgages Affect the Supply of Mortgage Credit?

We assess the credit market impact of allowing mortgage “strip-down” as a foreclosure-prevention measure, where strip-down reduces the principal of underwater residential mortgages to the current market value of the property for homeowners in Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Our identification is provided by a series of U.S. court decisions that introduced strip-down in parts of the U.S. and a Supreme Court ruling that abolished it. We find that the Supreme Court decision led to a small, short-term reduction in mortgage interest rates and a small, short-term increase in mortgage approval rates, but no long-term effects, and the circuit court decisions did not consistently affect mortgage terms. These results suggest that strip-down would be an effective foreclosure-prevention program, because it would have only small and transient effects on the supply of mortgage loans.
A new proxy blind signature scheme with warrant

In a proxy signature scheme, an original signer delegates his/her singing power to a proxy signer and the proxy signer can sign messages on behalf of the original signer. Blind signature can ensure anonymity of electronic coins. Unforgeability and unlinkability are its two main properties. The proxy blind signature scheme ensures security properties of the two kinds of signature schemes. All of proposed proxy blind signature schemes based on discrete logarithm problems (DLP) can't provide strong unlinkability. To overcome the weakness, a new and practical proxy blind signature scheme with warrant is proposed. The new scheme outperforms Tan et al's scheme and is nearly the same as Lai et al's scheme in terms of computational complexity. However, the new scheme is securer than Tan et al's scheme and Lal et al's scheme