Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions of the Three CYP1 Monooxygenases to Pro-Inflammatory and Inflammation-Resolution Lipid Mediator Pathways

All three cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) monooxygenases are believed to participate in lipid mediator biosynthesis and/or their local inactivation; however, distinct metabolic steps are unknown. We used multiple-reaction monitoring and liquid chromatography-UV coupled with tandem mass spectrometry–based lipid-mediator metabololipidomics to identify and quantify three lipid-mediator metabolomes in basal peritoneal and zymosan-stimulated inflammatory exudates, comparing Cyp1a1/1a2/1b1(−/−) C57BL/6J-background triple-knockout mice with C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Significant differences between untreated triple-knockout and wild-type mice were not found for peritoneal cell number or type or for basal CYP1 activities involving 11 identified metabolic steps. Following zymosan-initiated inflammation, 18 lipid mediators were identified, including members of the eicosanoids and specialized proresolving mediators (i.e., resolvins and protectins). Compared with wild-type mice, Cyp1 triple-knockout mice exhibited increased neutrophil recruitment in zymosan-treated peritoneal exudates. Zymosan stimulation was associated with eight statistically significantly altered metabolic steps: increased arachidonic acid–derived leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and decreased 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; decreased docosahexaenoic acid–derived neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1, 17S-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 14S-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; and decreased eicosapentaenoic acid–derived 18R-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 15S-HEPE, and 12S-HEPE. In neutrophils analyzed ex vivo, elevated LTB4 levels were shown to parallel increased neutrophil numbers, and 20-hydroxy–LTB4 formation was found to be deficient in Cyp1 triple-knockout mice. Together, these results demonstrate novel contributions of CYP1 enzymes to the local metabolite profile of lipid mediators that regulate neutrophilic inflammation.
Exploiting Buyer Power: Lessons from the British Grocery Trade

As in the United States, increased concentration in grocery retailing in Great Britain has raised issues about the buying power of multiple retailers. Whether, and if so how, it prevents, restricts, or distorts competition at the retail and/or producer level to the public or consumer detriment has been the central aspect of concern in a number of formal investigations by the British competition authorities over the last couple of decades. These include the industry inquiries conducted by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1981,1 by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in 1984 and 1999,2 and by the Competition Commission in 2000.3 Retailer buying power has also featured in certain merger cases, most notably the recent Competition Commission inquiry into Safeway and the contemplated mergers with Asda, Wm Morrison, J Sainsbury, and Tesco in 2003.4
Development and construct validation of a career entrenchment measure

The development and construct validation of a 12-item career entrenchment measure is reported. Taking a theory-driven approach, three dimensions comprising career entrenchment were defined: a career investments dimension reflecting accumulated investments in one's career success that would be lost or deemed worthless if one were to pursue a new career, an emotional costs dimension assessing the anticipated emotional costs associated with pursuing a new career, and a limitedness of career alternatives dimension gauging the perceived lack of available options for pursuing a new career. Using a combination of methodological procedures, these three dimensions were investigated in two pilot studies and a field test. Results support the intended measure's reliability and validity. Implications for individuals and their careers are discussed.
Optimizing Cost for Online Social Networks on Geo-Distributed Clouds

Geo-distributed clouds provide an intriguing platform to deploy online social network (OSN) services. To leverage the potential of clouds, a major concern of OSN providers is optimizing the monetary cost spent in using cloud resources while considering other important requirements, including providing satisfactory quality of service (QoS) and data availability to OSN users. In this paper, we study the problem of cost optimization for the dynamic OSN on multiple geo-distributed clouds over consecutive time periods while meeting predefined QoS and data availability requirements. We model the cost, the QoS, as well as the data availability of the OSN, formulate the problem, and design an algorithm named cosplay. We carry out extensive experiments with a large-scale real-world Twitter trace over 10 geo-distributed clouds all across the US. Our results show that, while always ensuring the QoS and the data availability as required, cosplay can reduce much more one-time cost than the state-of-the-art methods, and it can also significantly reduce the accumulative cost when continuously evaluated over 48 months, with OSN dynamics comparable to real-world cases.
Regional differences in presentation of AIDS in Europe

Data were collected on 6578 patients diagnosed with AIDS at 52 clinical centres in 17 European countries during an 11-year period from 1979 to 1989. The centres were divided into four regions, North, Central, Southeast, and Southwest. Differences in the incidence of most AIDS-defining opportunistic infections and malignancies were found. After adjusting for known possible confounders, statistically significant differences between regions remained. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was more common in Northern Europe, Kaposi's sarcoma and toxoplasmosis in Central Europe, cytomegalovirus retinitis in South-eastern Europe, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in South-western Europe. These differences we attribute primarily to different degrees of exposure to the respective underlying pathogens. The prevalence of these and other micro-organisms will determine the clinical course of HIV infections in parts of Eastern Europe and elsewhere where the virus now is spreading.
Quality of Life in Alopecia Areata: A Sample of Tunisian Patients

Background. Alopecia areata (AA) has a significant impact on the quality of life and social interaction of those suffering from it. Our aim was to assess the impact of AA on the quality of life. Methods. Fifty patients diagnosed with AA seen in the Department of Dermatology of Hedi Chaker University Hospital, between March 2010 and July 2010, were included. Quality of life was measured by SF 36; severity of AA was measured by SALT. Results. Eighty percent had patchy alopecia with less than 50% involvement, 12% had patchy alopecia with 50–99% involvement, and 8% had alopecia totalis. Compared with the general population, AA patients presented a significantly altered quality of life, found in the global score and in five subscores of the SF-36: mental health, role emotional, social functioning, vitality, and general health. Gender, age, marital status, and severity of alopecia areata had a significant influence on patients' quality of life. Conclusions. This study indicates that patients with AA experience a poor quality of life, which impacts their overall health. We suggest screening for psychiatric distress. Studies of interventions such as counseling, psychoeducation, and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of the disease may be warranted.
The Reduction of Two-Way Automata to One-Way Automata

Rabin has proved 1,2 that two-way finite automata, which are allowed to move in both directions along their input tape, are equivalent to one-way automata as far as the classification of input tapes is concerned. Rabin's proof is rather complicated and consists in giving a method for the successive elimination of loops in the motion of the machine. The purposeo f this note is to give a short, direct proof of the result.
THE SHORT‐TERM EFFECTS OF EXECUTIONS ON HOMICIDES: DETERRENCE, DISPLACEMENT, OR BOTH?*

Does the death penalty save lives? In recent years, a new round of research has been using annual time-series panel data from the 50 U.S. states for 25 or so years from the 1970s to the late 1990s that claims to find many lives saved through reductions in subsequent homicide rates after executions. This research, in turn, has produced a round of critiques, which concludes that these findings are not robust enough to model even small changes in specifications that yield dramatically dif ferent results. A principal reason for this sensitivity of the findings is that few state-years exist (about 1 percent of all state-years) in which six or more executions have occurred. To provide a different perspective, we focus on Texas, a state that has used the death penalty with sufficient frequency to make possible relatively stable estimates of the homicide response to executions. In addition, we narrow the observation intervals for recording executions and homicides from the annual calendar year to monthly intervals. Based on time-series analyses and independent-validation tests, our best-fitting model shows that, from January 1994 through December 2005, evidence exists of modest, short-term reductions in homicides in Texas in the first and fourth months that follow an execution-about 2.5 fewer homicides total. Another model suggests, however, that in addition to homicide reductions, some displacement of homicides may be possible from one month to another in the months after an execution, which reduces the total reduction in homicides after an execution to about . 5 during a 12-month period. Implications for additional research and the need for future analysis and replication are discussed.
Machine-Code Verification for Multiple Architectures - An Application of Decompilation into Logic

Realistic formal specifications of machine languages for commercial processors consist of thousands of lines of definitions. Current methods support trustworthy proofs of the correctness of programs for one such specification. However, these methods provide little or no support for reusing proofs of the same algorithm implemented in different machine languages. We describe an approach, based on proof-producing decompilation, which both makes machine-code verification tractable and supports proof reuse between different languages. We briefly present examples based on detailed models of machine code for ARM, PowerPC and x86. The theories and tools have been implemented in the HOL4 system.
Impaired Angiogenesis during Fracture Healing in GPCR Kinase 2 Interacting Protein-1 (GIT1) Knock Out Mice

G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) interacting protein-1 (GIT1), is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in angiogenesis and osteoclast activity. We have previously demonstrated that GIT1 knockout (GIT1 KO) mice have impaired angiogenesis and dysregulated osteoclast podosome formation leading to a reduction in the bone resorbing ability of these cells. Since both angiogenesis and osteoclast-mediated bone remodeling are involved in the fracture healing process, we hypothesized that GIT1 participates in the normal progression of repair following bone injury. In the present study, comparison of fracture healing in wild type (WT) and GIT1 KO mice revealed altered healing in mice with loss of GIT1 function. Alcian blue staining of fracture callus indicated a persistence of cartilagenous matrix in day 21 callus samples from GIT1 KO mice which was temporally correlated with increased type 2 collagen immunostaining. GIT1 KO mice also showed a decrease in chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis at days 7 and 14, as determined by PCNA and TUNEL staining. Vascular microcomputed tomography analysis of callus samples at days 7, 14 and 21 revealed decreased blood vessel volume, number, and connection density in GIT1 KO mice compared to WT controls. Correlating with this, VEGF-A, phospho-VEGFR2 and PECAM1 (CD31) were decreased in GIT1 KO mice, indicating reduced angiogenesis with loss of GIT1. Finally, calluses from GIT1 KO mice displayed a reduced number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts at days 14 and 21. Collectively, these results indicate that GIT1 is an important signaling participant in fracture healing, with gene ablation leading to reduced callus vascularity and reduced osteoclast number in the healing callus.
Evidence of exercise-induced muscle damage following a simulated rugby league match

Abstract This study investigated symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage following a simulated rugby league game. Ten male participants were assessed before, immediately after (0 h), and 24 and 48 h after the simulated game. Perceived muscle soreness was higher at all time points (P=0.001) and creatine kinase values were increased at 24 h following the simulated game (P=0.001). Peak knee extensor torque at 60 deg · s−1 was reduced up to 48 h (P =0.04) but was unchanged at 240 deg · s−1. Similarly, peak knee flexor torque at 60 deg · s−1 was lower than baseline up to 24 h, while at 240 deg · s−1 it was reduced at 24 h only (P=0.045). Correlations between changes in strength loss of the knee extensors and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio reveleaved no significant relationship between variables (P >0.05). In addition, countermovement jump performance was reduced at 0 and 24 h following the simulated game (P=0.008). Our results suggest that symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage occur up to 48 h following a simulated rugby league match. Coaches should be cognisant of the large increases in muscle soreness and reductions in slow velocity force generation, and should adapt training accordingly in the 48 h period following a game.
A Far-Ultraviolet Survey of 47 Tucanae. I. Imaging

We present results from the imaging portion of a far-ultraviolet (FUV) survey of the core of 47 Tucanae. We have detected 767 FUV sources, 527 of which have optical counterparts in archival HST/WFPC2 images of the same field. Most of our FUV sources are main-sequence (MS) turnoff stars near the detection limit of our survey. However, the FUV/optical color-magnitude diagram (CMD) also reveals 19 blue stragglers (BSs), 17 white dwarfs (WDs), and 16 cataclysmic variable (CV) candidates. The BSs lie on the extended cluster MS, and four of them are variable in the FUV data. The WDs occupy the top of the cluster cooling sequence, down to an effective temperature of Teff ≃ 20,000 K. Our FUV source catalog probably contains many additional, cooler WDs without optical counterparts. Finally, the CV candidates are objects between the WD cooling track and the extended cluster MS. Four of the CV candidates are previously known or suspected cataclysmics. All of these are bright and variable in the FUV. Another CV candidate is associated with the semidetached binary system V36 that was recently found by M. D. Albrow and coworkers. V36 has an orbital period of 0.4 or 0.8 days, blue optical colors, and is located within 1'' of a Chandra X-ray source. A few of the remaining CV candidates may represent chance superpositions or SMC interlopers, but at least half are expected to be real cluster members with peculiar colors. However, only a few of these CV candidates are possible counterparts to Chandra X-ray sources. Thus, it is not yet clear which, if any, of them are true CVs, rather than noninteracting MS/WD binaries or helium WDs.
Socio-demographic Predictors of Tobacco Use among Women of Nepal: Evidence from Non Communicable Disease Risk Factors STEPS Survey Nepal 2013.

BACKGROUND Globally, tobacco use is most common public health problem. Similar is the situation of Nepal where thousands of lives are lost annually. Both sexes are affected by tobacco use but women share different and unique problems. Hence, in this paper we made an attempt to understand socio-demographic predictors of tobacco use among women of Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 2797 women (15-69 years) recruited through multistage cluster sampling technique. This study used sub-set of data of non-Communicable diseases risk factors survey 2013 of Nepal. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to determine predictors of tobacco use among women of Nepal. RESULTS Among total women, 14% were having at least one form and pattern of tobacco use. Furthermore, 10 % were smoker and 4 percent were using any form of chewing tobacco user. As compared to 15-29 years women, 45-69 years age group were 5 times (OR=4.7, 95% CI =2.7-8.0) more likely to be tobacco user. Similarly, urban women were 40% (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.38-0.95) less vulnerable than rural women. In addition, higher educated women were found to be at 1% (OR=0.01, 95% CI=0.01-0.01) less risk of being tobacco user. CONCLUSIONS Age, area of residence, and education level were found to be significant socio-demographic predictors for tobacco use among women in Nepal. Therefore, tobacco control programme should target these groups for interventions.
Russia's Skinheads: Exploring and Rethinking Subcultural Lives

Russia’s Skinheads: Exploring and Rethinking Subcultural Lives provides a thorough examination of the phenomenon of skinheads, explaining its nature and its significance, and assessing how far Russian skinhead subculture is the ‘lumpen’ end of the extreme nationalist ideological spectrum. There are large numbers of skinheads in Russia, responsible for a significant number of xenophobic attacks, including 97 deaths in 2008 alone, making this book relevant to Russian specialists as well as to sociologists of youth subculture. It provides a practical example of how to investigate youth subculture in depth over an extended period – in this case through empirical research following a specific group over six years – and goes on to argue that Russian skinhead subculture is not a direct import from the West, and that youth cultural practices should not be reduced to expressions of consumer choice. It presents an understanding of the Russian skinhead as a product of individuals’ whole, and evolving, lives, and thereby compels sociologists to rethink how they conceive the nature of subcultures.
Online Disclosure of Personally Identifiable Information with Strangers: Effects of Public and Private Sharing

Safeguarding personally identifiable information (PII) is crucial because such information is increasingly used to engineer privacy attacks, identity thefts and security breaches. But is it likely that individuals may choose to just share this information with strangers? This study examines how reciprocation can lead to the disclosure of PII between strangers in online social networking. We demonstrate that the widespread use of public, one-to-many, communication channels such as ‘wall posts’ and profile pages in online social networks poses an exception to the assumption that reciprocationhappensonone-to-onechannels.Wefindthatindividualsnotonlyreciprocateandshare PII when the disclosure of such information is private and directed towards them by a stranger, but also when the stranger shares this information through a public channel that is not directed towards anyone in particular. Implications for privacy and design are discussed.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Adalet ve Örgütsel Güven Algıları

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between primary school teachers’ organizational justice and organizational trust perceptions. The working group of the present study is formed by (n:171) primary school teachers working in the central province of Bolu in 2011-2012 academic year. In the study, the data were collected through “Organizational Justice Scale” developed by Niehoff and Moorman (1993), “Trust at School Scale” developed by Hoy Tschannen-Moran (2003) and “Organizational Trust Scale” developed by Daboual, Comish, Swindle and Gaster (1994). Fort he analysis of the data descritive statiscs; frequency, percentage, mean, Standard deviation and correlation scores were calculated. The findings of the study revealed that the organizational justice and organizational trust perceptions of primary school teachers is at moderate level. Additionally, the findings revealed a highly positive relationship between teachers’ organizational justice and organizational trust perceptions.
IMPACT OF CHANDRA CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTIES ON GALAXY CLUSTER TEMPERATURES: APPLICATION TO THE HUBBLE CONSTANT

We perform a uniform, systematic X-ray spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 38 galaxy clusters with three different Chandra calibrations. The temperatures change systematically between calibrations. Cluster temperatures change on average by roughly ∼6% for the smallest changes and roughly ∼13% for the more extreme changes between calibrations. We explore the effects of the Chandra calibration on cluster spectral properties and the implications on Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) and X-ray determinations of the Hubble constant. The Hubble parameter changes by +10% and −13% between the current calibration and two previous Chandra calibrations, indicating that changes in the cluster temperature basically explain the entire change in H0. Although this work focuses on the difference in spectral properties and resultant Hubble parameters between the calibrations, it is intriguing to note that the newer calibrations favor a lower value of the Hubble constant, H0 ∼ 60 km s−1 Mpc−1, typical of results from SZE/X-ray distances. Both galaxy clusters themselves and the details of the instruments must be known precisely to enable reliable precision cosmology with clusters, which will be feasible with combined efforts from ongoing observations and planned missions and observatories covering a wide range of wavelengths.
The Experience of using Facebook as an Educational Tool

Social Networking Sites (SNS) such as Facebook are widely used by student populations and are increasingly used by the population generally. Researchers have considered the benefits of using SNS for educational purposes. This qualitative study involved interviews with seven academic members of staff at one UK university who currently use Facebook in their teaching. The study provides a unique insight into the views of teaching staff who use Facebook in their classroom, gaining an understanding of their experience and views of using SNS as part of their teaching.
A Focused Asymmetric Metal–Insulator–Metal Tunneling Diode: Fabrication, DC Characteristics and RF Rectification Analysis

Asymmetric thin-film metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunneling diodes have been demonstrated using the geometric field enhancement (GFE) technique in a Ni/NiO/Ni structure. The GFE technique provides several benefits: generating asymmetric tunneling currents, lowering tunneling resistance, increasing nonlinearity, enhancing the effective ac signal amplitude, and improving zero-bias rectifying performance. The GFE technique can be merged with a dissimilar electrode method and use surface plamon resonances for further performance improvement. In this paper, we disclose techniques for fully exploiting all these advantages. Detailed descriptions of process flows are provided. Performance improvements are experimentally verified by measuring the static current-voltage and dynamic (6.4 GHz) response of the developed Ni/NiO/Ni tunnel diodes.
Efficient Generation of  $1/f^{\beta}$ Noise Using Signal Modeling Techniques

This paper presents a new procedure for generating 1/fbeta noise sequences by filtering Gaussian white noise through a recursive filter approximating a discrete-time fractional order integrator. Power series expansion and deterministic signal modeling techniques were combined to determine a rational transfer function to approximate the ideal discrete fractional transfer function resulting from Al-Alaoui's rule raised to the power of the fractional order of integration. The proposed approach is computationally more efficient and more accurate than infinite impulse response truncation. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.