Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of oppositional defiant disorder in 3-year-old preschoolers.

BACKGROUND To test the factor structure of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and to study the relationships between the proposed dimensions and external variables in a community sample of preschool children. METHOD A sample of 1,341 3-year-old preschoolers was randomly selected and screened for a double-phase design. In total, 622 families were assessed with a diagnostic semi-structured interview and questionnaires on psychopathology, temperament and executive functioning completed by parents and teachers. RESULTS Using categorical and dimensional symptoms of ODD it was possible to confirm, cross-informant and cross-method, distinct dimensions for defining the structure of ODD: one made up of irritable and headstrong and the other of negative affect, oppositional behaviour and antagonistic behaviour. Specific associations with DSM-IV disorders were found, and irritable was associated with anxiety disorders, whereas headstrong was associated with disruptive disorders, including aggressive and non-aggressive CD symptoms. Also, negative affect was associated with anxiety disorders and non-aggressive CD symptoms, oppositional behaviour with disruptive disorders and aggressive CD symptoms, and antagonistic behaviours with disruptive disorders and, in boys, with mood disorders. The dimensions correlated with specific scales of psychopathology, temperament and executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Oppositional defiant disorder is a heterogeneous disorder from preschool age. Different dimensions, with moderate to acceptable reliability and convergent and discriminant validity with other psychological constructs, can be identified early in life.
Attenuated Marek's disease herpesvirus: protection conferred on strains of chickens varying in genetic resistance.

Five strains of chickens differing in susceptibility to Marek's disease (MD) were vaccinated with the attenuated BC-1 isolate of MD herpesvirus and were subsequently challenged with virulent virus. Significant protection was conferred to all strains. However, when vaccination was at 1 or 2 days there were significant differences among strains in the incidence of gross lesions of MD. The ranking of strains for susceptibility to MD was not usually altered by vaccination. By comparison, differences in the susceptibility of strains was not observed among chickens vaccinated at 23 days and these were better protected than those vaccinated at 2 days. Vaccination at both 2 and 23 days showed no significant advantage over a single vaccination at 23 days.
Sensor-based extraction of physical property matrices from realised state-space models

In some qualification such as damage detection, a more detailed representation including mass, stiffness, and damping property matrices plays a more pivotal role than an equivalent state-space model. In practice, estimating the modal parameters of the dominant modes in the signal records is superior to directly identifying the mass, stiffness, and damping matrices. In this paper, a novel technique is presented for deriving physical structural dynamics matrices from a balanced state-space realisation. In this approach, obtaining undamped modal parameters from the identified complex-valued modal parameters is not needed. Also there is no requirement for computing mass-normalised mode shapes. The only requirement of this technique is an accelerometer instrumentation of the degrees of freedom (DOFs) which are in mind for configuring the structural mode shapes. The structural state-space description is realised by eigen-system realisation algorithm with data correlation (ERA/DC). This procedure is validated with some simulations and the results are satisfactory.
Neuroanatomical foundations of naming impairments across different neurologic conditions

The ability to name objects or abstract entities is an essential feature of speech and language, being commonly considered a central component of normal neurologic function. For this reason, the bedside testing of naming performance is part of the neurologic examination, especially since naming impairments can signify the early onset of a progressive disease or the occurrence of a more established problem. Modern neuroscience research suggests that naming relies on specific and distributed networks that operate in concert to support various processing stages, spanning from object recognition to spoken words. Likewise, studies evaluating the types of naming impairments in patients with neurologic conditions have contributed to the understanding of acquired forms of naming impairments and the underlying stages during normal language processing. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms supporting naming, with a focus on the clinical application of these concepts. We provide an overview of the stages of cognitive processing that are hypothesized to support naming. For each stage, we explore the evidence revealing its neural basis, drawing parallels to clinical syndromes that commonly disrupt each stage. We review the patterns of naming impairment across various neurologic conditions, including classic language disorders, such as poststroke aphasia or primary progressive aphasia, as well as other diseases where language impairments may be subtle but helpful for the appropriate diagnosis. In this context, we provide a structured and practical guide for the bedside naming assessments rooted in modern neuroscience, aimed at supporting the evaluation and diagnosis of neurologic conditions that affect language.
On the absence of an ultralow‐velocity zone in the North Pacific

[1] Using an unusually large earthquake near the big island of Hawaii, we study the core mantle boundary (CMB) beneath the north-northeastern Pacific between Hawaii and North America. A dense sampling of the CMB is achieved using the core-reflected phase PcP recorded at a large number of high-quality stations in North America, including networks in California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska, as well as at EarthScope's USArray stations. We apply an adaptive stacking technique for optimal record alignment on specific phases (namely P and PcP) and subsequently stack seismograms to obtain summation traces possessing relatively high signal-to-noise ratios of PcP and P. Anomalous ultralow-velocity zone (ULVZ) layering at the CMB has been noted to exist in various parts of the Pacific beneath the lowermost mantle large low shear velocity province imaged by tomography. ULVZ structure produces anomalous PcP waveform variations in the form of precursors to PcP. These PcP data, however, lack precursory energy, indicating either that (1) ULVZ layering is lacking or (2) that a ULVZ is present and thinner than our detection threshold, i.e., less than a few kilometers thick. We use synthetic waveform modeling to establish the sensitivity and utility of investigating the time window ahead of PcP for precursors generated from fine-scale CMB layering. These results, combined with evidence for ULVZ structure in other parts of the Pacific, suggest that ULVZs are intermittent and possibly only detectable in regions where mantle currents collect ULVZ material, whether or not partially molten, presumably beneath (or near) upwellings or plumes.
Measuring religious faith in cancer patients: reliability and construct validity of the Santa Clara strength of religious faith questionnaire

Growing attention has focused on associations between religious involvement and health outcomes for cancer patients. Unfortunately, research has been hampered by lack of measures suitable for use in oncology settings. This study examined the performance of one recently developed measure, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF). Initial investigations with cancer patients in a bone marrow transplant program and with non‐oncology patients yielded promising results. This study provided additional information about temporal stability and convergent validity.
THE ENERGETICS OF MOLECULAR GAS IN NGC 891 FROM H2 AND FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

We have studied the molecular hydrogen energetics of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891, using a 34 position map in the lowest three pure rotational H2 lines observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. The S(0), S(1), and S(2) lines are bright with an extinction-corrected total luminosity of ∼2.8 × 107 L☉, or 0.09% of the total-infrared luminosity of NGC 891. The H2 line ratios are nearly constant along the plane of the galaxy—we do not observe the previously reported strong drop-off in the S(1)/S(0) line intensity ratio in the outer regions of the galaxy, so we find no evidence for the very massive cold CO-free molecular clouds invoked to explain the past observations. The H2 level excitation temperatures increase monotonically indicating that there is more than one component to the emitting gas. More than 99% of the mass is in the lowest excitation (Tex ∼ 125 K) “warm” component. In the inner galaxy, the warm H2 emitting gas is ∼16% of the CO(1–0)-traced cool molecular gas, while in the outer regions the fraction is twice as high. This large mass of warm gas is heated by a combination of the far-UV photons from stars in photodissociation regions (PDRs) and the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. Including the observed far-infrared [O i] and [C ii] fine-structure line emission and far-infrared continuum emission in a self-consistent manner to constrain the PDR models, we find essentially all of the S(0) and most (70%) of the S(1) line arise from low excitation PDRs, while most (80%) of the S(2) and the remainder of the S(1) line emission arise from low-velocity microturbulent dissipation.
Students’ perceptions of vocabulary knowledge and learning in a middle school science classroom

ABSTRACT This study investigated eighth-grade science students’ (13–14-year-olds) perceptions of their vocabulary knowledge, learning, and content achievement. Data sources included pre- and posttest of students’ perceptions of vocabulary knowledge, students’ perceptions of vocabulary and reading strategies surveys, and a content achievement test. Students’ perceptions of vocabulary knowledge were compared before and after instruction to see whether students believed they gained knowledge and the ability to explain categories of technical science terms. Students’ perceptions of vocabulary knowledge increased as a result of instruction. The participants had favorable views of the vocabulary and reading strategies implemented and believed the literacy approaches were important for their developing science knowledge. In addition, students’ content achievement was compared to a national data set. Students in this study outperformed a national data set on all content knowledge items assessed. Students’ perceptions of their knowledge and vocabulary and reading strategies were congruent with their content achievement. This study is one of the first to highlight the pivotal role students’ perception of vocabulary knowledge and vocabulary and reading strategies plays in science content learning.
Neighborhood context and the risk of childbearing among metropolitan-area black adolescents

The authors examine whether neighborhood racial composition or poverty is the more important predictor of premarital adolescent childbearing among metropolitan-area black people, and how family socioeconomic status moderates these neighborhood influences. They analyze data from a special release of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics that appends census tract information to the individual records of 940 metropolitan black women. Using cluster analysis, they create neighborhood types that reflect the racial and economic composition of neighborhoods where metropolitan the black people live. Compared with living in a racially mixed neighborhood, living in a highly segregated neighborhood is associated with a 50-percent increase in the rate of a premarital first birth, regardless of neighborhood socioeconomic status. Living in a white middle-class neighborhood is associated with lower rates of a premarital first birth for affluent black teens, but has no effect on their less affluent black peers. These findings support the hypothesis that neighborhood racial composition directly influences adolescent childbearing by sealing off participation in mainstream social and economic arenas
The contributing role of sleepiness in highway vehicle accidents.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contributing role of sleepiness in Italian highway vehicle accidents during the time span 1993-1997. DESIGN We analyzed separately the hourly distribution of accidents ascribed by police officers univocally to sleepiness and the rest. PATIENTS N/A. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS Using a polynomial regression, we evaluated the relation between accidents (whether sleep-ascribed or not) and sleepiness as derived from a 24-hour sleep propensity curve. The relation between sleep-influenced and non-sleep influenced accidents was analysed using a linear regression. RESULTS The rate of non-sleep ascribed accidents is closely related with sleep propensity and bears a strong similarity with the pattern of sleep-ascribed accidents. A close relationship between the curves of non-sleep ascribed accidents and sleep-ascribed accidents is confirmed. The regression coefficient, which can be seen as the ratio between the quota of accidents that can be considered as sleep affected and those actually ascribed to sleepiness, results in a value of 5.83. Considering that the rate of sleep ascribed accidents is 3.2%, we can calculate the quota of sleep influenced accidents out of those not officially ascribed to sleepiness as 18.7% reaching an estimate of accidents related in some way to sleepiness equal to 21.9%. CONCLUSIONS Our indirect estimate of sleep influenced accidents approaches data reported by other European countries and highlights the importance of sleepiness as a direct and/or contributing factor in vehicle accident rates.
Immigration and European Integration in Greece: Greek National Identity and the ‘Other Within’

During the last two decades Greece has become a multicultural society due to the influx of immigrants mainly from the Balkans and East Europe. At the same time Greece became fully integrated to the European Community. Within this context the relation of Greek national identity to Europe and to the immigrant ‘*ther’ becomes a topic of everyday conversations and a focal point of social scientific research. This study following a discourse analytic perspective (Edwards, 1997; Edwards and Potter, 1992; Potter, 1996; Potter and Wetherell, 1987) attempts to explore the way Greek people construct Greek national identity in relation to immigration and European integration within an interview context. It is argued that participants strategically managed stereotypes about immigrants in order to avoid accusations of prejudice, while stereotypes about the Europeans seemed to be informed by the ambivalent positioning of Greece between East and West (Bozatzis, 1998; Herzfeld, 1987).
LANGUAGE CONTACT PHENOMENA IN LOUISIANA ISLENO SPANISH

early years of the twentieth century, an apparently significant number of natives of Andalucia, Galicia, Asturias, Valencia, and other parts of Spain moved into the islerio communities and cast their lot with the descendents of Canary Islanders (Guillotte 1982). The amount of linguistic influence of these later Spanish immigrants has yet to be determined, and even the demographic proportions of Peninsular Spaniards and Canary Islanders may only be guessed at, given the lack of accurate documentation, but it is evident that the term islehos refers as much to the heartland of this group, Delacroix "Island" (in reality an inland area surrounded by bayous) as to the insular origin of the Spanish settlers.3 Due to the geographical and cultural isolation of the islehos, from the turn of the nineteenth century until the 1940s, most members of the community were monolingual Spanish speakers, although some creole French crept into the isleho lexicon over the years, and only with the opening of the first schools in St. Bernard Parish, well into the twentieth century, did islefios learn English as a group. The oldest surviving members of the isleho community, over about 60 years of age, learned Spanish as a first language and suffered linguistic and social problems upon first attending school, in which then (as now) classes were conducted entirely in English. Many older islehos were raised thinking that they were in Spain and that the entire nation in which they lived spoke Spanish, so complete was the cultural isolation, even from the nearby villa of New Orleans. In the twentieth century, several factors combined to effect a
Strain-dependent increases in retinal inflammatory proteins and photoreceptor FGF-2 expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

PURPOSE Inflammation is thought to play a role in disease progression and vision loss in diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the level of inflammation and the role of cytokines and growth factors in the early stages of this disease are poorly understood. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in rats is widely used as a model of diabetic retinopathy, and therefore this model was used to better define the inflammatory response and the impact of the genetic background. METHODS The expression of a panel of 57 inflammatory proteins and growth factors in the retina of three rat strains was compared by using a highly sensitive flow cytometry-based assay. Hyperglycemia was induced in Brown Norway (BN), Long-Evans (LE), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and protein expression in the retina was measured 4 weeks and 3 months later. RESULTS The data revealed a subtle, but reproducible, inflammatory response in the retina of SD, but not in those of BN or LE, rats. Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 in the photoreceptor nuclear layer coincided with the inflammatory response in SD rats and may constitute a neuroprotective mechanism. Reduced expression of genes involved in the phototransduction pathway indicates altered photoreceptor function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data show that inflammatory changes in the diabetic rat retina are highly strain dependent, and SD rats exhibit low-level inflammation similar to that observed in diabetic patients. Therefore, SD rats may be a good model for the study of early inflammatory changes in human diabetic retinopathy.
Efficacy of treatments for orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND orthostatic hypotension (OH) affects up to 30% of adults over 65 and frequently contributes to falls and syncopal episodes. Current guidelines suggest a wide range of treatments, but systematic reviews of the evidence base for such recommendations are lacking. METHODS we performed a systematic review to assess the evidence for all non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for OH. Our search included the following databases: MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; and the Cochrane library. We searched grey literature and references from included studies and other reviews. We included randomised, placebo-controlled trials, which measured postural drop as an outcome. Study quality was assessed using pre-specified measures of bias. RESULTS overall, 36 trials (21 interventions) were included. We identified a heterogeneous population and a wide variety of study methods, precluding meta-analysis. Most trials were of poor quality with high risk of bias. Changes in postural drop and symptoms were frequently inconsistent. Compression bandages, indomethacin, oxilofrine, potassium chloride and yohimbine improved the postural drop. Several vasoactive drugs-including midodrine and pyridostigmine-improved the standing blood pressure, but overall worsened the postural drop. CONCLUSIONS many commonly recommended interventions for OH have a limited evidence base supporting their use. High quality, randomised, controlled trials are needed to underpin clinical practice for this condition.
Immunosuppressive Activity of Buxidin and E‐Buxenone from Buxus hyrcana

Buxidin (1) and E‐Buxenone (2), steroidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana, are found to possess potent immunosuppressive properties. The activity was tested in vitro on oxidative burst, chemotaxis, T‐cell proliferation, and cytokine production. Both compounds showed a significant immunomodulatory activity with clear suppressive effect on oxidative burst and chemotaxis in a dose‐dependent manner. They also exhibited suppressive effect on the phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated T‐cell proliferation. The immunomodulatory activity was further confirmed by the suppression of IL‐2 and IL‐4 production. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the binding mode of Buxidin (1) and E‐Buxenone (2) with IL‐2. Despite the structural differences between Buxidin (1) and E‐Buxenone (2), docking results revealed that they adopt a similar binding pattern at the active site of the IL‐2. A good agreement between practical and theoretic results indicates that the current docking study could provide an alternate tool for the structural optimization of recently identified ligand as more potent IL‐2 inhibitors.
Household Finance Over the Life-Cycle: What Does Education Contribute?

This paper studies household financial choices: why are these decisions dependent on the education level of the household? A life-cycle model is constructed to understand a rich set of facts about decisions of households with different levels of educational attainment regarding stock market participation, the stock share in wealth, the stock adjustment rate and the wealth-income ratio. Model parameters, including preferences, the cost of stock market participation and portfolio adjustment costs, are estimated to match the financial decisions of different education groups. Based on the estimated model, education affects household finance mainly through increased average income. The estimation also finds evidence that higher educational attainment is associated with a lower stock market entry cost and a larger discount factor. Education specific differences in income risks, medical expenses, mortality risks and the life-cycle pattern of income explain relatively little of the observed differences in household financial choices.
Adding value to first year student learning with embedded library pod/vodcasts

We begin with the premise that pod/vodcasts add an engaging and innovative mix to the university learning environment; they put the control of when and where to access information in the hands of the student and can be delivered through the university’s learning management system (LMS). In this paper, we describe a semester-long trial in which library pod/vodcasts were provided to first-year teacher education students in the belief that basic library skills development is vital for academic success and an essential component of good information literacy practice. The pod/vodcasts were offered to support students at point of need in their learning and were optional. We used the learning activity management system (LAMS) developed by Macquarie University to deliver the library modules alongside the existing academic unit podcasts. The paper reports on students’ usage and perception of the library pod/vodcasts and how they responded to this new approach.