Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pornography and sexual aggression: associations of violent and nonviolent depictions with rape and rape proclivity

The current research on the relationship between pornography and sexual violence has produced mixed findings. Some studies show a connection between violent depictions and rape, while others examining nonviolent sexual material report inconsistent findings or no effects. This paper examines the potential connection between rape and rape proclivity and use of soft‐core pornography and three types of hard‐core pornography: nonviolent pornography, violent pornography, and rape pornography. Data collected from a sample of 515 college men indicated strong bivariate associations of rape and rape proclivity with use of almost all forms of pornography. Multivariate analysis indicated that the strongest correlates of sexual coercion and aggression, as well as rape proclivity, were exposure to hard‐core violent and rape pornography. Exposure to nonviolent hard‐core pornography displayed no association net of the other variables. Exposure to soft‐core pornography was positively associated with likelihood of sexual f.
Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells by intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of i.v. CYC on the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with SSc, and the potential association of the EPC response with CYC's effect for treating interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS This open-label, prospective study involved 12 patients with SSc and alveolitis (CYC group). All patients received six courses of i.v. CYC (0.5 g/m2) at 4-week intervals in combination with low-dose prednisolone. Ten patients were followed for 24 months. Seven SSc patients treated with low-dose prednisolone alone were used as a control for the EPC measurement (control group). Five patients with non-SSc CTD who received i.v. CYC and prednisolone also served as disease controls. EPCs were quantified by the partial enrichment of CD34+ cells followed by three-colour flow cytometry. The circulating levels of vascular injury markers were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS The EPC count was significantly increased at 2 weeks after treatment in the CYC group (P=0.02), but not in the control group, while CYC increased EPC count in all disease controls. The SSc patients in the CYC group were divided into five EPC responders and seven EPC non-responders. Circulating vascular injury markers were reduced in the responders, but not in the non-responders. During the 24-month follow-up, 3 of 10 patients developed end-stage lung disease, and all of them were EPC non-responders. CONCLUSION A low-dose i.v. CYC induces EPC mobilization, which may contribute to the efficacy for treating SSc-associated ILD.
Optically Based Rapid Screening Method for Proven Optimal Treatment Strategies Before Treatment Begins

Abstract : This award seeks to develop high-throughput optical metabolic imaging (OMI) of primary breast tumor organoids (three-dimensional cultures of tumors) to rapidly test/screen breast cancer therapeutics as a strategy to streamline drug development and provide individualized treatment. The results outlined in this progress report indicate that OMI in primary breast tumor organoids can provide early, sensitive measures of treatment response. This system can therefore be used to streamline pre-clinical drug development, by reducing the number of animals, cost, and time required to screen new drugs and drug combinations. The feasibility of OMI measurements in organoids derived from primary human breast tumors has also been demonstrated, with the exciting possibility of providing individualized drug screens in patients before the patient is ever treated. This personalized drug planning approach could reduce toxicities of ineffective treatments, and enable improved outcomes through early, effective interventions. The single-cell analysis capabilities of this technique also have the potential to identify drug combinations that will eliminate treatment-resistant sub-populations of cells that are likely to cause metastases.
Information Exchange and Information Disclosure in Social Networking Web Sites: Mediating Role of Trust.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between the type of information exchange (IE) and information disclosure (ID) on social networking web sites (SNWs). Design/methodology/approach – Constructs were developed for type of IE and trust. To understand the mediating role of trust a mediation analysis was conducted. To test for mediation effects, the four step procedure of partial mediation analysis was used. Findings – There was found to be a partial mediating effect of trust on the relationship between the type of IE and ID on SNWs. Practical implications – Since the basis of formation of the communities is similarities, when there is trust amongst the community members they would not post false profiles but real profiles and the extent of ID would be higher. Originality/value – In most of the studies it is suggested that the type of exchange and trust is dependent upon information disclosure, as against the study in which we found that it is the type of exchange and the trust which lead to increased ID.
Modeling Hedonic Processing and Anhedonia in Depression

Depression is characterized by low positive emotion and a lack of pleasurable experiences, or anhedonia. Past studies have emphasized controlling negative affect, but there is an emerging trend in the depression literature to focus on positive emotion. The current study employed several psychophysiological tools, postauricular reflex, startle blink reflex, and eventrelated potential (ERP) components such as P3 and the late positive potential (LPP), to assess the dissociable components in positive emotion (consummatory and anticipatory processes). In addition, several different hypotheses of emotional dysfunction were evaluated to accurately model deficits in positive emotionality. A majority of the psychophysiological tools used supported the low positive emotionality model of depression. Results for the postauricular reflex and P3 amplitude to anticipatory emotional stimuli supported the theory of emotional dysfunction that emphasizes the lower levels of positivity in depression. Findings on LPP supported previous findings that show the measure reflects context insensitivity to emotional stimuli. In addition, the postauricular and startle blink reflex suggested consummatory processes but were not good measures of anticipatory processes. It is important for future studies to assess measures that can index anticipatory components of positive emotion.
Minocycline in the Chemoprophylaxis of Meningococcal Disease

An outbreak of meningococcal disease occurred among basic combat trainees at Fort Lewis, Wash. , in the first 3 months of 1971. After five recruits developed meningitis within a 2-week period, 8,721 recruits were given 100 mg of minocycline every 12 hr for 5 days. No new cases of meningococcal disease occurred for almost 5 weeks. Then six additional cases occurred among recruits who had entered training after the initial course of minocycline and who had not received the drug. Minocycline was given to all 6,130 of these men, and again occurrence of new cases was halted abruptly. One week later, group C polysaccharide vaccine was administered to all recruits in the first 6 weeks of training and subsequently to all new entering trainees. No new cases of meningitis occurred in the next 3 months. Surveys showed that minocycline significantly lowered the meningococcal carrier rate for 4 to 5 weeks. No strains of Neisseria meningitidis, among 341 isolated after minocycline treatment, were resistant to the drug. Prophylaxis with minocycline clearly interrupted the course of this outbreak due to sulfa-resistant meningococci. Although immunization is the preferred method of prophylaxis, minocycline may be useful until a suitable polyvalent vaccine is available.
Lexical-semantic representation in bilingual aphasia: Findings from semantic priming and cognate repetition priming

Background: While many studies have investigated the nature of language organisation in monolingual speakers with aphasia, our understanding of bilingual aphasia lags far behind. Only a handful of studies have employed on-line psycholinguistic experimental methods to explore the nature of language representation and processing in bilingual speakers with aphasia. Improving our understanding of how language is organised and processed in bilingual speakers with aphasia is central to the development of effective impairment-level language treatments. Cognate/noncognate representation and semantic representation are two key aspects of bilingual language organisation that are yet to be explored in depth in bilingual speakers with aphasia. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate (1) whether semantic representation was shared across the two languages of a bilingual speaker with aphasia and (2) whether cognate words would produce a processing advantage relative to noncognate words (as has been found in neurologically-normal younger bilingual adults). Methods & Procedures: A 70-year-old bilingual Italian/English speaker, who presented with nonfluent aphasia and apraxia of speech, completed two priming experiments: a semantic priming experiment and a cognate repetition priming experiment. Outcomes & Results: In the semantic priming experiment, the participant demonstrated large priming effects in both within-language conditions and one cross-language condition. The finding of priming in at least one of the cross-language conditions provides some corroboration for shared semantic representation in this bilingual individual with aphasia. In the cognate repetition priming experiment, the participant produced a language-specific cognate advantage in English, for words repeated in the same language. For words repeated in a different language condition (i.e., as their translation equivalent), the participant produced a processing advantage for noncognate words. Conclusions: The findings of this study provided support for shared semantic representation in bilingual speakers following aphasia; however, the results also suggested that aphasia can disrupt normal lexical access processes. Results in relation to cognate versus noncognate processing suggested that bilingual speakers with aphasia may not, necessarily, always display a cognate advantage. Overall, the present study showed that language processing in bilingual speakers with aphasia is highly complex and is dependent upon the intricate interplay between the speaker’s premorbid language proficiency, inhibitory processing deficits that occur with normal aging and postmorbid language impairment and recovery patterns.
Energy capacitor system for DFIG-based wind farm transient behavior enhancement

This paper presents the advantages of the utilization of a small-sized Energy Capacitor System (ECS) in a power system including a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind farm. In order to show its impact in the transient behavior, the ECS was located in the terminal of the wind farm. A four-machine infinite bus system was considered. One of the units was considered as an aggregated model of DFIG-based wind turbines (WT). A three-phase to ground fault was applied to a nearby line and the WTs were considered protected by standard crowbar with converter fast reconnection system. The small-sized ECS shows a positive effect not only in the WT but also in the synchronous units, such as reduction in WT mechanical stress and power oscillations. Despite the limited energy storage capacity a reasonable power output smoothing was obtained. Results show an important improvement in the system transient behavior.
Perceptual Learning in Development: Some Basic Concepts

The reciprocity of organism and environment and the reciprocity of perception and action are both reflected in the concept of affordance. Perceiving an affordance entails detecting the relation between the organism’s power of control and some offering of the environment (i.e., perceiving that that resource or support for action has utility for this person, child, or animal). Such a relation (often referred to as an organism–environment fit) is seldom perceived automatically. We learn to perceive affordances of events, objects, and places (layouts) in the course of development. For example, a child may learn that a slope of more than 10° cannot be safely descended upright and on foot but can be negotiated by sitting and sliding. Such learning can be referred to as discovering meaning and is perceived accordingly. Perceptual learning is equally the means of discovering distinctive features and invariant properties of things and events (E. J. Gibson, 1969). Learning to distinguish faces from one another or to distinguish letters of the alphabet are such cases. Discovering a repeated theme in a symphony and the variations on it is another. Discovering distinctiveness and invariance is another kind of meaning, also a product of perceptual learning. ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 12(4), 295–302 Copyright © 2000, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Toward a Theory of Exercise Motivation

This paper examines the motivational foundations of exercise behavior. It presents a theoretical model according to which motivation is the proximal precursor of exercise, which in turn is determined by perceived constraints and situational facilitators. Values and attitudes toward exercise on one hand and knowledge about exercise and oneself on the other are distal determinants, while biological predispositions and early socialization experiences are ultimate precursors of exercise. Of particular concern is the issue about the extent to which exercise is cognitive vs. an automatic activity. It is shown that enduring goals (being fit and healthy) are directly activated by situational features and that automatic links will develop between representations of social situations and the goal. Eventually, the choice (to exercise) becomes just another routine of the mental system and is, therefore, bypassed. If an enduring goal for exercise reflects true choice, exercise becomes self-determined and intrinsically motivating and can, therefore, be maintained.
Salient Object Detection via Random Forest

Salient object detection plays an important role in image pre-processing. Existing approaches often neglect the contours of salient objects, thus resulting in inaccurate detection for large objects. Besides, they mainly focus on detecting only a single object. In this paper, we detect the salient object from the view of the object contour. We propose to exploit the random forest to measure patch rarities and compute similarities among patches. A global rarity map is calculated based on the patch's rareness over the whole image. The approximate contour of the salient object is extracted based on this rarity map by using an active contour model. Next, a local saliency map is obtained by the similarities of patches inside the contour and those outside. Finally, the local map is refined through image segmentation. Our method can detect not only a single object but also multiple objects. Experimental evaluation on the ASD-1000 and SED2 datasets shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Developmental changes in probabilistic reasoning: The role of cognitive capacity, instructions, thinking styles, and relevant knowledge

In three experiments we explored developmental changes in probabilistic reasoning, taking into account the effects of cognitive capacity, thinking styles, and instructions. Normative responding increased with grade levels and cognitive capacity in all experiments, and it showed a negative relationship with superstitious thinking. The effect of instructions (in Experiments 2 and 3) was moderated by level of education and cognitive capacity. Specifically, only higher-grade students with higher cognitive capacity benefited from instructions to reason on the basis of logic. The implications of these findings for research on the development of probabilistic reasoning are also discussed.
pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) inserts across a lipid bilayer as a helix and exits by a different path

What are the molecular events that occur when a peptide inserts across a membrane or exits from it? Using the pH-triggered insertion of the pH low insertion peptide to enable kinetic analysis, we show that insertion occurs in several steps, with rapid (0.1 sec) interfacial helix formation, followed by a much slower (100 sec) insertion pathway to give a transmembrane helix. The reverse process of unfolding and peptide exit from the bilayer core, which can be induced by a rapid rise of the pH from acidic to basic, proceeds approximately 400 times faster than folding/insertion and through different intermediate states. In the exit pathway, the helix–coil transition is initiated while the polypeptide is still inside the membrane. The peptide starts to exit when about 30% of the helix is unfolded, and continues a rapid exit as it unfolds inside the membrane. These insights may guide understanding of membrane protein folding/unfolding and the design of medically useful peptides for imaging and drug delivery.
Relationships among field-test measures and physical match performance in elite-standard soccer referees

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which measures derived from the new FIFA referees’ fitness tests can be used to monitor a referee's match-related physical capacity. Match-analysis data were collected (Prozone®, Leeds, UK) from 17 soccer referees for 5.0 (s = 1.7) FA Premier League matches per referee during the first 4 months of the 2007–08 season. Physical match performance categories included total distance covered, high-intensity running distance (speed >5.5 m · s−1), and sprinting distance (>7.0 m · s−1). The two tests were a 6 × 40-m sprint test and a 150-m interval test. Heart rate demand was correlated with total match distance covered (r = −0.70, P = 0.002) and high-intensity running (r = −0.57, P = 0.018) in the interval test. The fastest 40-m sprint was related to total distance covered (r = −0.69, P = 0.002), high-intensity running (r = −0.76, P < 0.001), and sprinting distance (r = −0.75, P = 0.001), while mean time for the 40-m sprints was related to total distance covered (r = −0.70, P = 0.002), high-intensity running (r = −0.77, P < 0.001), and sprinting distance (r = −0.77, P < 0.001). The referees who recorded the best interval-test heart rate demand and fastest 40-m time produced the best physical match performances. However, only the sprint test and in particular the fastest 40-m time had appropriate construct validity for the physical assessment of soccer referees.
Professional development, target-specific satisfaction, and older nurse retention

Purpose – Drawing from attitude-behavioral intentions correspondence and target similarity, the aim of this paper is to examine the role of target-specific satisfaction facets in the relationship between factors related to professional development and older nurses' intention to remain with their organization. Design/methodology/approach – In this longitudinal panel study, 422 hospital-employed registered nurses aged 45 to 64 completed a questionnaire (T1) and a second questionnaire (T2) a year later. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. Findings – Availability of training and development practices targeted to older nurses at T1 was linked to intention to remain with the organization at T2 through T1 satisfaction with professional development opportunities and T2 satisfaction with the organization as a whole. Job challenge at T1 was related to intention to remain through T1 satisfaction with the job itself and T2 satisfaction with the organization. Research limitations/impl.
Combination treatment with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and intraarticular betamethasone compared with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone in early active rheumatoid arthritis: an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether disease control can be achieved in early active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by treatment with methotrexate and intraarticular betamethasone, and whether the addition of cyclosporine to the regimen has any additional effect. METHODS Patients (n = 160) were randomized to receive methotrexate 7.5 mg/week plus cyclosporine 2.5 mg/kg of body weight/day (combination therapy) or methotrexate plus placebo-cyclosporine (monotherapy). At weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 and every 4 weeks thereafter, betamethasone was injected into swollen joints (maximum 4 joints or 4 ml per visit). Beginning at week 8, if synovitis was present, the methotrexate dosage was increased stepwise up to 20 mg/week, with a subsequent stepwise increase in the cyclosporine or placebo-cyclosporine dosage up to 4 mg/kg. RESULTS At 52 weeks, 20% improvement according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) was achieved in 85% of the combination therapy group versus 68% of the monotherapy group (P = 0.02). The median individual overall ACR response (ACR-N) in the 2 groups was 80.0% (interquartile range 40.1-91.8%) and 54.5% (interquartile range 2.4-87.8%), respectively (P = 0.025). At 48 and 52 weeks, ACR remission criteria were met in 35% of the combination therapy group and 28% of the monotherapy group. Progression in the Larsen score at 52 weeks was -0.2 +/- 6.5 and 0.4 +/- 6.9 (mean +/- SD) in the combination therapy and monotherapy groups, respectively. Serum creatinine levels increased by 7%, and hypertrichosis was more prevalent, in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSION Combined treatment with methotrexate and intraarticular glucocorticoid showed excellent disease control and stopped the progression of erosions in patients with early active RA, who had a poor prognosis. Addition of cyclosporine improved the ACR20 and ACR-N responses, whereas the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, remission rates, and radiographic changes did not differ between the 2 study groups.
Document Retrieval Using Entity-Based Language Models

We address the ad hoc document retrieval task by devising novel types of entity-based language models. The models utilize information about single terms in the query and documents as well as term sequences marked as entities by some entity-linking tool. The key principle of the language models is accounting, simultaneously, for the uncertainty inherent in the entity-markup process and the balance between using entity-based and term-based information. Empirical evaluation demonstrates the merits of using the language models for retrieval. For example, the performance transcends that of a state-of-the-art term proximity method. We also show that the language models can be effectively used for cluster-based document retrieval and query expansion.
Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria in intensively milk-fed calves.

In intensively milk-fed calves post-prandial glucose (G) and insulin (I) concentrations, but not preprandial G concentrations, increased or failed to decrease during the growth period, compared with data from calves that were progressively weaned. This study was, therefore, designed to investigate G and I metabolism in veal calves. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamps in the unfed state demonstrated mutual responsiveness of I and G, but revealed a relative I resistance. After feed consumption, I resistance was exaggerated, as seen by decreased G clearance rates after i.v. G and I administration in fed compared with unfed calves. Milk replacer is a source of readily available lactose, fat, and protein, the intake of which, on a kilogram.75 basis, gradually increased with age. Increased substrate availability and effects of nutrients themselves were probably responsible for elevated plasma concentrations of G and I and led to I resistance. Additionally, hyperglycemia > 1.5 g/L was followed by urinary excretion of G.