Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real Time Transport With Path Diversity 1

1 This work is support in part by NSF Grant ANI 0081357 and by the New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications (CATT). ABSTRACT Realtime transport poses great challenges in network research. In this paper, we propose realtime transport using multiple paths. We show the advantages of using multiple paths for streaming services, namely: (1) better error resilience performance, (2) better traffic characteristics and hence better queueing performance, and (3) inherent security advantages. We are working on developing a new protocol to support realtime transport with multiple paths. We are also working on a testbed to implement the ideas and demonstrate the performance of our proposal.
Observing the gas temperature drop in the high-density nucleus of L 1544

Context. The thermal structure of a starless core is crucial for our understanding of the physics in these objects and hence for our understanding of star formation. Theory predicts a gas temperature drop in the inner ∼5000 AU of the pre-stellar core L 1544, but there has been no observational proof of this. Aims. We performed VLA observations of the NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) transitions towards L 1544 in order to measure the temperature gradient between the high density core nucleus and the surrounding core envelope. Our VLA observation for the first time provide measurements of gas temperature in a core with a resolution smaller than 1000 AU. We have also obtained high resolution Plateau de Bure observations of the 110 GHz 111 − 101 para–NH2D line in order to further constrain the physical parameters of the high density nucleus. Methods. We combine our interferometric NH3 and NH2D observations with available single dish measurements in order to estimate the effects of flux loss from extended components upon our data. We have estimated the temperature gradient using a model of the source to fit our data in the u ,v plane. As the NH3(1, 1) line is extremely optically thick, this also involved fitting a gradient in the NH3 abundance. In this way, we also measure the [NH2D]/[NH3] abundance ratio in the inner nucleus. Results. We find that indeed the temperature decreases toward the core nucleus from 12 K down to 5.5 K resulting in an increase of a factor of 50% in the estimated density of the core from the dust continuum if compared with the estimates done with constant temperature of 8.75 K. Current models of the thermal equilibrium can describe consistently the observed temperature and density in this object, simultaneously fitting our temperature profile and the continuum emission. We also found a remarkably high abundance of deuterated ammonia with respect to the ammonia abundance (50% ± 20%), which proves the persistence of nitrogen bearing molecules at very high densities (2 × 10 6 cm −3 ) and shows that high-resolution observations yield higher deuteration values than single-dish observations. The NH2D observed transition, free of the optical depth problems that affect the NH3 lines in the core center, is a much better probe of the high-density nucleus and, in fact, its map peak at the dust continuum peak. Our analysis of the NH3 and NH2D kinematic fields shows a decrease of specific angular momentum from the large scales to the small scales.
Attentional and anxiety measures of Division I and III soccer athletes

This study examined the differences between attentional styles and anxiety measures for Division I and lll soccer players. Male varsity soccer players (N = 88) completed the Test of Technical and Tactical Soccer Attentional Style (3TSAS) and the Soccer Situation-Response lnventory of Anxiousness (SS-R|A). To gain measures of test-retest reliability, 22 subjects were re-administered the testing instruments following a 3-5 week period. The 3TSAS was composed of 75 specific soccer situations presented on video and described on a questionnaire form. Each situation on the 3TSAS represented one of eight attentional foci (BET, BlT, NET, NlT, OET, OlT, REDE, and REDI). Subjects responded to each of the situations on a S-point Likert scale to represent the degree each situation was a reflection of her/his behavior. Test-retest reliability of the 3TSAS scales ranged from.38 to.73, while the SS-RIA responses ranged from.18 to . 92. Coefficient alpha reliabilities for the 3TSAS scales ranged from . 44 lo . 79. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant (g < .05) differences between Division I and lll players with both the 3TSAS and the SS-RIA. Analyses of variance revealed that each of the eight STSAS scales differentiated Division I and lll players, whereas only three of the SS-RIA responses were able to do so. Both Division I and lll players were able to attend to the task demands of soccer, but only Division I players were able to successfully attend to the subtleties of the more complex skills. Division I players were also able to appraise negative anxiety eliciting situations in soccer more positively than were Division lll players. AT~「 EN丁10NAL AND ANXIETY MEASURES OF DIVIS10N I AND‖ I SOCCER ATHLEttES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Ithaca College ln Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science by Gregory Allister Brown December 1991 Division of Ithaca College Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Ithaca, New York CER丁1日CATE OF APPROVAL MASttER OF SCIENCE ttHESIS This is to certify that the Master of Science Thesis of Gregory Allister Brown submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation at lthaca College has been approved Thesis Advisor: Committee Member: Candidate: Chairman, Graduate Programs in Physical Education: Dean of Graduate Studies:
Fault management in communication networks: test scheduling with a risk-sensitive criterion and precedence constraints

We consider the problem of determining the optimal sequence of tests for the discovery of a faulty component, e.g., in a telecommunications network, where there is a random cost associated with testing a component. A novel feature in our approach is that a risk-sensitive performance criterion is used in order to rank different competing schedules. We characterize optimal schedules both when the testing sequence is not subject to precedence constraints, and when it is subject to such constraints, given by an arbitrary partial order.
Age-related changes in segmental accuracy and error production in Korean-English bilingual children: implications for clinical speech sound assessment procedures

ABSTRACT A lack of information about typical phonological development in bilingual children presents as a challenge to many speech-language pathologists assessing bilingual children with suspected speech sound disorder. This study investigated age-related changes in speech accuracy and error production in 16 preschool Korean-English bilingual children, aged between 3;1 and 5;11, in New Zealand. We found considerable individual variations in the longitudinal data. In particular, we found some error patterns emerged during the course of development, instead of being progressively resolved with age. Our findings suggest that speech-language pathologists should take a considered approach to identifying bilingual children with speech sound disorder solely based on the information provided in cross-sectional studies. We suggest that a follow-up session may provide valuable information facilitating the clinical assessment procedure to identify bilingual children with speech sound disorder.
Improvement of endothelial function following initiation of testosterone replacement therapy

Background Isolated recent studies have suggested an increased risk of heart attack as early as 3 months following testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Such a rapid risk increase would likely require rapid deterioration of arterial endothelial function. Our goal was to assess arterial endothelial function in hypogonadal men prior to and at least 3 months after initiation of TRT. Methods Adult men were consented if they had symptoms of hypogonadism, a total testosterone <350 ng/dL, and planned to begin TRT. Endothelial function was non-invasively assessed using the EndoPAT-2000 machine. We measured the augmentation index (AI) (normal <3%), a measure of arterial stiffness and reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure of endothelial vasodilation (normal >1.69). Prior studies suggest that a 10% level of day-to-day test variability is expected. Endothelial function was reassessed at the next clinic visit, between 3 and 6 months if the patients were compliant with therapy. Changes in continuous variables were assessed with the paired t test. Results Twenty-three patients were consented with a mean age of 52.7 years (range, 34–68 years) and starting testosterone 196.9 ng/dL (range, 35–339 ng/dL). There was a history of diabetes in four, hypertension in ten and coronary artery disease in five. Mean RHI was 1.67±0.37 (70% were abnormal) and mean AI was 2.57%±14.0% (39% were abnormal). There were no cardiac events. At follow-up 20 patients were compliant with therapy and retested. Mean testosterone increased from 203 to 511 (P<0.0001). Mean RHI improved from 1.70 to 2.14 (P=0.01). Mean AI improved from 2.9% to −1.75% (P=0.01). In four men RHI worsened but in each case less than the 10% error of the test. No man had worsened AI. Conclusions Men with symptomatic hypogonadism often have abnormal arterial endothelial function. Following TRT, endothelial function either remains unchanged or improves.
Adaptation to Changes in Higher-Order Stimulus Statistics in the Salamander Retina

Adaptation in the retina is thought to optimize the encoding of natural light signals into sequences of spikes sent to the brain. While adaptive changes in retinal processing to the variations of the mean luminance level and second-order stimulus statistics have been documented before, no such measurements have been performed when higher-order moments of the light distribution change. We therefore measured the ganglion cell responses in the tiger salamander retina to controlled changes in the second (contrast), third (skew) and fourth (kurtosis) moments of the light intensity distribution of spatially uniform temporally independent stimuli. The skew and kurtosis of the stimuli were chosen to cover the range observed in natural scenes. We quantified adaptation in ganglion cells by studying linear-nonlinear models that capture well the retinal encoding properties across all stimuli. We found that the encoding properties of retinal ganglion cells change only marginally when higher-order statistics change, compared to the changes observed in response to the variation in contrast. By analyzing optimal coding in LN-type models, we showed that neurons can maintain a high information rate without large dynamic adaptation to changes in skew or kurtosis. This is because, for uncorrelated stimuli, spatio-temporal summation within the receptive field averages away non-gaussian aspects of the light intensity distribution.
An Oligopeptide Transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Regulates Cytokine Release and Apoptosis of Infected Macrophages

Background The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes two peptide transporters encoded by Rv3665c-Rv3662c and Rv1280c-Rv1283c. Both belong to the family of ABC transporters containing two nucleotide-binding subunits, two integral membrane proteins and one substrate-binding polypeptide. However, little is known about their functions in M. tuberculosis. Here we report functional characterization of the Rv1280c-Rv1283c-encoded transporter and its substrate-binding polypeptide OppAMTB. Methodology/Principal Findings OppAMTB was capable of binding the tripeptide glutathione and the nonapeptide bradykinin, indicative of a somewhat broad substrate specificity. Amino acid residues G109, N110, N230, D494 and F496, situated at the interface between domains I and III of OppA, were required for optimal peptide binding. Complementaton of an oppA knockout mutant of M. smegmatis with OppAMTB confirmed the role of this transporter in importing glutathione and the importance of the aforesaid amino acid residues in peptide transport. Interestingly, this transporter regulated the ability of M. tuberculosis to lower glutathione levels in infected compared to uninfected macrophages. This ability was partly offset by inactivation of oppD. Concomitantly, inactivation of oppD was associated with lowered levels of methyl glyoxal in infected macrophages and reduced apoptosis-inducing ability of the mutant. The ability to induce the production of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was also compromised after inactivation of oppD. Conclusions Taken together, these studies uncover the novel observations that this peptide transporter modulates the innate immune response of macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis.
Black African service users experiences of recovery from mental illness in England

Background: Recovery is a complex and contested concept. Many studies have explored the meaning of the concept from the perspectives of service users suffering from mental illness. However, too little attention has been paid to the experiences of Black African service users (BASUs) living in England. At the time of writing this work there were no studies that have explored recovery from the perspectives of BASUs in England. Aims of the study: The aim of the present study is to explore experiences of recovery from mental illness of BASUs in England. Methodology and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve BASUs. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings: Five superordinate themes were derived from the analysis: (1) it is different in Africa; (2) it all started in England; (3) shattered; 4) ‘freaked out’; and (5) focus on recovery. An in-depth explanation of these superordinate themes and the related subordinate themes is presented. The findings highlight the multifaceted ways in which BASUs understand their experiences of mental illness and recovery. Discussion: The insight gained from these findings provided rich information about the complexities of the participants’ experiences of recovery from mental illness. Participants’ explanatory models of mental illness included the complexities of migration, African-centred worldviews and negative life experiences. Participants conceptualised recovery in the context of their social and cultural backgrounds, remission or eradication of symptoms, spirituality, resourcefulness, resilience and unique personal identities. An emerging conceptual model of recovery is formed (Figure 3). Findings are discussed considering existing theory and literature. Implications for clinical practice in relation to the provision of care and promoting recovery for BASUs in England are considered.
Relationship of Mothers' Parenting Sense of Competence and Self-expressiveness in the Family with their Parental Stress

Brojna su istraživanja emocionalne izražajnosti i kompetentnosti roditelja vezana uz ishode po djecu te socijalnu i emocionalnu kompetentnost djece, no rijetka povezuju emocionalnu izražajnost i procjenu kompetentnosti majki s njihovim doživljajem roditeljskog stresa. Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi doprinos samoprocjena roditeljske kompetentnosti i emocionalne izražajnosti majki u objasnjenju intenziteta roditeljskog stresa majki sestogodisnjaka te ispitati potencijalni medijacijski ucinak odabranih individualnih obilježja majki na povezanost između sociodemografskih obilježja i intenziteta roditeljskog stresa majki sestogodisnjaka. Primjenom je hijerarhijske regresijske analize u uzorku 329 majki djece sestogodisnjaka dvjema grupama prediktora objasnjeno ukupno 27.4% varijance intenziteta roditeljskog stresa. Sociodemografske varijable objasnjavaju 5.2% varijance intenziteta roditeljskog stresa majki, pri cemu znacajno samostalno pridonosi varijabla broj djece u kucanstvu. Od individualnih obilježja roditelja koji objasnjavaju dodatnih 22.2% varijance kriterija znacajni su samostalni prediktori negativna emocionalna izražajnost i zadovoljstvo majki ispunjavanjem roditeljske uloge. Veca negativna emocionalna izražajnost majki i manje zadovoljstvo ispunjavanjem roditeljske uloge povezane su s vecim doživljajem intenziteta roditeljskog stresa majki. Nije utvrđen medijacijski ucinak emocionalne izražajnosti i doživljaja kompetentnosti majki na povezanost između njihovih sociodemografskih obilježja i intenziteta roditeljskog stresa. Dobiveni rezultati pridonose spoznajama o međuodnosu odabranih individualnih obilježja majki i roditeljskog stresa te unaprjeđivanju suvremenih modela roditeljskog stresa.
Zinc recovery from iron and steel making wastes by conventional and microwave assisted leaching

Significant quantities of sludge and dust are generated as a waste material or byproduct every day from iron and steel industries. Nowadays The occurrence and recovery of metallurgical wastes from steelmaking and iron making processes is a great problem, mainly due to the big amount and environmental pollution of these wastes by heavy metals. The future technology of fine-grain metallurgical wastes treatment is mainly the thing of ecological and financial limits. This work explains the removal of zinc from blast furnace sludge by hydrometallurgical process. The aim of this work was to carry out a chemical, physical, structural, and morphological characterization of these waste materials and subsequently to find out the best suitable method for the hydrometallurgical treatment. The experimental work includes full plant experiments. Extraction conditions such as the effect of microwave power, leaching agent, acid concentration, S/L ratio and extraction time on the zinc removal efficiency were evaluated. The main goal is to set the best conditions to transfer zinc into the solution while the iron should to remain in the solid phase.
A Simplified Metric for Soft-Output Detection in the Presence of Impulse Noise

We consider iterative decoding over channels affected by impulse noise. Since the hypothesis of perfect knowledge on the statistics of the impulse noise is often unrealistic, we describe a novel metric which results to be both very simple from a computational viewpoint and very robust in the case of a mismatch. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is proved by means of computer simulations, showing that it outperforms the existing suboptimal alternatives and ensures a very limited performance degradation with respect to the optimal detector even in the case of inaccurate information on the statistics of the impulse noise.
Dynamic Neighborhood Structures in Parallel Evolution Strategies

Parallelizing is a straightforward approach to reduce the total computation time of evolutionary algorithms. Finding an appropriate communication network within spatially structured populations for improving convergence speed and convergence probability is a difficult task. A new method that uses a dynamic communication scheme in an evolution strategy will be compared with conventional static and dynamic approaches. The communication structure is based on a so-called diffusion model approach. The links between adjacent individuals are dynamically chosen according to deterministic or probabilistic rules. Due to self-organization effects, efficient and stable communication structures are established that perform robustly and quickly on a multimodal test function.
Feature Interaction in Internet Telephony

While Internet telephony aims to provide services at least equal to traditional telephony, the architecture of Internet telephony is sufficiently different to make it necessary to revisit the issue of feature interaction in this context. While many basic feature interaction problems remain the same, Internet telephony adds additional complications. Complications arise since functionality tends to be more distributed, users can program the behavior of end systems and signaling systems, the distinction between end systems and network equipment largely vanishes and the trust model implicit in the PSTN architecture no longer holds. On the other hand, Internet telephony makes end point addresses plentiful and its signaling makes it easy to specify in detail the desired network behavior. Many techniques for resolving interactions in the PSTN are no longer easily applied, but several new techniques, explicitness, authentication, and verification testing, become possible in the Internet environment.
Pantothenamides Are Potent, On-Target Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Growth When Serum Pantetheinase Is Inactivated

Growth of the virulent human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is dependent on an extracellular supply of pantothenate (vitamin B5) and is susceptible to inhibition by pantothenate analogues that hinder pantothenate utilization. In this study, on the hunt for pantothenate analogues with increased potency relative to those reported previously, we screened a series of pantothenamides (amide analogues of pantothenate) against P. falciparum and show for the first time that analogues of this type possess antiplasmodial activity. Although the active pantothenamides in this series exhibit only modest potency under standard in vitro culture conditions, we show that the potency of pantothenamides is selectively enhanced when the parasite culture medium is pre-incubated at 37°C for a prolonged period. We present evidence that this finding is linked to the presence in Albumax II (a serum-substitute routinely used for in vitro cultivation of P. falciparum) of pantetheinase activity: the activity of an enzyme that hydrolyzes the pantothenate metabolite pantetheine, for which pantothenamides also serve as substrates. Pantetheinase activity, and thereby pantothenamide degradation, is reduced following incubation of Albumax II-containing culture medium for a prolonged period at 37°C, revealing the true, sub-micromolar potency of pantothenamides. Importantly we show that the potent antiplasmodial effect of pantothenamides is attenuated with pantothenate, consistent with the compounds inhibiting parasite proliferation specifically by inhibiting pantothenate and/or CoA utilization. Additionally, we show that the pantothenamides interact with P. falciparum pantothenate kinase, the first enzyme involved in converting pantothenate to coenzyme A. This is the first demonstration of on-target antiplasmodial pantothenate analogues with sub-micromolar potency, and highlights the potential of pantetheinase-resistant pantothenamides as antimalarial agents.
The Mass Function and Distribution of Velocity Dispersions for UZC Groups of Galaxies

We measure the distribution of velocity dispersions of groups of galaxies identified in the Updated Zwicky Catalog, and we use the distribution to derive the group mass function. We introduce a new method that makes efficient use of the entire magnitude-limited catalog. Our determination of n(≥σT) includes a significant contribution from low-luminosity systems that would be missing in a volume-limited sample. We start from a model for the probability density function of the total number of group members and reproduce the observed distribution. We take several effects, such as the local fluctuations in volume density, limited sampling, and group selection, into account. We estimate the relation between total number of members, total luminosity, and true velocity dispersion. We can then reproduce not only the observed distribution of σv, but also the distributions of the number of group members, the total group luminosity, and virial mass. The best fit to the data in the true velocity dispersion range 100 km s-1 ≤ σT ≤ 750 km s-1 is a power-law model with a slope d log n(≥σT)/d log σT = -3.4 (-2.1, -5) and a normalization n(σT ≥ 750 km s-1) = (1.27 ± 0.21) × 10-5 h3 Mpc-3, where σT is the true velocity dispersion of a group. The predictions of cold dark matter models are consistent with the mass function we derive from this distribution of velocity dispersions.