Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Artificial Grammars With Competitive Chunking

Abstract : When exposed to a regular stimulus field, for instance generated by an artificial grammar, subjects unintentionally learn to respond efficiently to the underlying structure: Miller (1958) reports that subjects memorize letter strings generated by an artificial grammar faster than randomly generated strings. Reber (1967) reports that, following rote memorization of exemplar sentences, subjects efficiently discriminate grammatical from non-grammatical strings. We explored the hypothesis that the learning process is chunking and that grammatical knowledge is implicitly encoded in a hierarchical network of chunks. Grammatical judgments are then based on the degree to which integrated representations of strings can be built using those chunks. We trained subjects on exemplar sentences while inducing them to form specific chunks. Their grammatical knowledge was then tested with a discrimination task. We found that subjects were less sensitive to grammatical violations that preserved their chunks than to violations that did not. We derived the theory of competitive chunking (CC) and found that is successfully reproduces, via computer simulations, both Miller's experimental results and our own. Keywords: Unintentional learning, Artificial grammars, Chunking, Perception(Psychology).
Illusory Recollection: The Compelling Subjective Remembrance of Things that Never Happened. Insights from the DRM Paradigm

Illusory recollection is the subjective detailed feeling of remembering that sometimes accompanies false remembering of events that never happened (e.g., high confidence, “Remember” judgements, or even remembrance of precise details supposedly associated with the false event). In this review, typical illusory recollection measures obtained from laboratory studies will be depicted, with a focus on the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995), one of the most largely used procedures to study memory distortion and its associated illusory recollection. The theoretical explanations of illusory recollection will be described and contrasted in light of factors affecting the phenomenon, in order to show their strengths and limits. Although the focus on the origins of illusory recollection is relatively recent, overall, this review suggests that DRM false memories can be an excellent tool to study this phenomenon under controlled conditions and to gain insights on false memories occurring in everyday life.
SOCial EyES aNd CHOiCE JuSTifiCaTiON: CulTurE aNd diSSONaNCE rEviSiTEd

Individuals are expected to justify their choice when the choice is selfthreatening. however, previous cross-cultural work suggests that the conditions in which individuals justify their choices vary across cultures. The present work aimed to determine the boundary conditions for this cultural difference. Experiment 1 showed that Japanese justified their choice when an impression of “social eyes” was primed during the choice, but not when it was primed at a later point. In contrast, the pattern was reversed for Americans. Experiment 2 found a similar cross-cultural pattern as a function of each participant’s perception of “social eyes” in response to an ambiguous cue presented in front of him or her. Experiment 3 found that Americans justified their choice only when an observer was perceived as noninfluential. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that per ceived privacy or publicity of choice interacts with culture to determine the likelihood of choice justification.
Adult Attachment, Culturally Adjusted Attachment, and Interpersonal Difficulties of Taiwanese Adults

This study examines the applicability of Western adult attachment perspectives to interpersonal difficulties experienced by individuals with indigenous Chinese cultural backgrounds. A total of 275 Taiwanese university students completed self-report surveys of adult attachment, ideal attachment, and interpersonal problems. Culturally adjusted attachment scores were generated by regressing self-report attachment on ideal attachment to control for cultural difference. Findings from path analyses indicated that culturally adjusted attachment scores had a better fit with the model depicting relationships between attachment and interpersonal problems. Results with adjusted attachment scores indicated that Taiwanese individuals scoring high on attachment dimensions tended to have more interpersonal difficulties, which is consistent with the theory’s prediction. Findings and implications are discussed based on attachment perspectives and the Chinese cultural context in Taiwan.
The Effects of Party- and PAC-Sponsored Issue Advertising and the Potential of Inoculation to Combat its Impact on the Democratic Process

This study examined the effects of issue advertising on candidate preferences and the democratic process, comparing the impact of party-and PAC-sponsored advertising against candidate-sponsored positive and contrast ads. Results revealed that the influence of political advertising varies depending on party affiliation. For Republicans, candidate-sponsored contrast and party-sponsored ads are most influential, but with unaffiliated viewers, candidate-sponsored positive ads are most effective whereas party-sponsored ads are the least persuasive. Effects of political advertising on the democratic system were especially revealing. Results revealed that candidate advertising enhances viewer interest in campaigns and knowledge of candidates and their positions, but that other effects vary based on party affiliation. Finally, the study tested inoculation as an antidote to system-based consequences of issue advertising. Results revealed that inoculation was able to protect viewers against the consequences of party-sponsored ads. However, with PAC-sponsored ads, efficacy was restricted to Republican viewers.
Dysregulation of mprF and dltABCD expression among daptomycin-non-susceptible MRSA clinical isolates.

BACKGROUND In small series or individual reports, SNPs within the mprF ORF and dysregulation of its expression in Staphylococcus aureus have been linked to daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) via a proposed gain-in-function mechanism. Similarly, dysregulation of dltABCD has also been associated with DAP-R. METHODS Using 22 well-characterized, isogenic daptomycin-susceptible (DAP-S)/DAP-R clinical MRSA strain pairs, we assessed potential relationships of the DAP-R phenotype with: (i) regulation of mprF transcription; (ii) regulation of dltABCD transcription; (iii) expression of the two-component regulatory system, graRS (upstream regulator for both mprF and dltABCD transcription); (iv) SNPs within the graRS promoter or its ORF; and (v) altered mprF transcription and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) synthesis. RESULTS Enhanced expression of mprF occurred with SNPs in highly distinct and well-chronicled MprF domain 'hot spots' and rarely occurred without such mutations. Increased expression and/or dysregulation of mprF and dltABCD were not uncommon in DAP-R strains, occurring in 27% of strains for each gene. In these latter strains, neither graRS expression profiles nor polymorphic sequences within the graRS promoter or ORF could be significantly linked to altered transcription of mprF or dlt. CONCLUSIONS Although graRS can co-regulate mprF and dltABCD expression, loci outside of this regulon appear to be involved in dysregulation of these latter two genes and the DAP-R phenotype. Finally, DAP-R strains exhibiting significantly altered mprF transcription profiles produced significantly increased levels of L-PG.
Job insecurity and its relation to work—family conflict: Mediation with a longitudinal data set

Previous research on the consequences of job insecurity has for the most part focused on individual as well as organizational outcomes, but rarely considered potential family consequences. Based on longitudinal data from Swedish teachers, the present study tests the relation between job insecurity and work—family conflict. In addition, workload was introduced as a mediator in order to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism relating the two phenomena. Gender differences were taken into account when testing this relation. The results provided partial support for workload as a mediator of the effects of job insecurity on subsequent work—family conflict. However, these results were found only for men, indicating gender differences in how job insecurity relates to workload and work—family conflict.
Unpacking the Social Media Phenomenon: Towards a Research Agenda

In this paper, we highlight some of the challenges and opportunities that social media presents to researchers, and offer relevant theoretical avenues to be explored. To do this, we present a model that unpacks social media by using a honeycomb of seven functional building blocks. We then examine each of the seven building blocks and, through appropriate social and socio-technical theories, raise questions that warrant further in-depth research to advance the conceptualization of social media in public affairs research. Finally, we combine the individual research questions for each building block back into the honeycomb model to illustrate how the theories in combination provide a powerful macro-lens for research on social media dynamics.
The planned obsolescence of other people: Consumer culture and connections in a precarious age

Recent scholars note that the hidden appeal of modern commodification is in its false promise to resolve our ambivalence about relationships and eliminate the anxieties and uncertainties of contemporary connection, care and intimacy. The rise of ‘insecurity culture’ – through the spread of job and relationship insecurity – increases the uncertainties that consumer culture must assuage. This article uses 50 in-depth interviews to explore the ways in which adults manage this uncertainty in relationships at work and with friends in the community through consumer culture. Compared with data presented elsewhere, in which informants use spending to convey care and connection in efforts to resolve the ambivalence of oft-insecure relationships, this paper documents a consumerist ideology that pervades their talk about relationships at work and with friends. I define this ideology by its component parts: choice, authenticity and people's replaceability. While informants use material consumption to connect, then, the consumerist ideology in their talk frequently serves to dislodge their commitments, working paradoxically to subvert the very relationships they seek to forge.
Trips to Fantasy Island: Contexts of Risky Sex for San Francisco Gay Men

The paper presents a qualitative analysis of sexual episodes reported in the context of in-depth interviews with gay men in San Francisco. The analysis is based not on comparisons between individuals or groups, but rather on comparisons between sexual episodes - protected and unprotected, risky and safe - within individuals' sexual lives. The analysis revealed a convergence of six important factors in risky sexual encounters, including negative emotional states prior to the encounters, sex under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol, and low perceptions of sexual control. The findings suggest that individuals come to sexual encounters in search of experiences other than simply sex, such as interpersonal connection, social acceptance or emotional release. In those cases where the need for connectedness, affirmation, or self-worth is so great and deeply felt, individuals' usual concern for sexual safety and health seems to be overpowered.
Recent insights into nitrite signaling processes in blood

Abstract Nitrite was once thought to be inert in human physiology. However, research over the past few decades has established a link between nitrite and the production of nitric oxide (NO) that is potentiated under hypoxic and acidic conditions. Under this new role nitrite acts as a storage pool for bioavailable NO. The NO so produced is likely to play important roles in decreasing platelet activation, contributing to hypoxic vasodilation and minimizing blood-cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Researchers have proposed multiple mechanisms for nitrite reduction in the blood. However, NO production in blood must somehow overcome rapid scavenging by hemoglobin in order to be effective. Here we review the role of red blood cell hemoglobin in the reduction of nitrite and present recent research into mechanisms that may allow nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen signaling species to escape the red blood cell.
Extracting quantum entanglement (general entanglement purification protocols)

We study the problem of extracting Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs from a general source of entanglement. Suppose Alice and Bob share a bipartite state /spl rho/ which is "reasonably close" to perfect EPR pairs. The only information Alice and Bob possess is a lower bound on the fidelity of /spl rho/ and a maximally entangled state. They wish to "purify" /spl rho/ using local operations and classical communication, and output a state that is arbitrarily close to EPR pairs. We prove that, on average, Alice and Bob cannot increase the fidelity of the input state significantly. On the other hand, there exist protocols that may fail with a small probability, and otherwise will output states arbitrarily close to EPR pairs with very high probability. These protocols come from the "purity-testing protocols" of H. Barnum et al. (2001).
The Relationship Among Emotional Intelligence, Task Performance, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Theory suggests that individuals who are high in emotional intelligence are likely to exhibit a higher level of performance outcomes. However, research acknowledges the need to further establish the connection between emotional intelligence and work outcomes. We address this call by empirically examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and two aspects of work outcomes (task performance and two forms of organizational citizenship behaviors, altruism and compliance). Emotional intelligence was assessed by Schutte et al.'s (1998) self-report measure of emotional intelligence, whereas work outcomes were assessed by the employees' supervisors. The findings show positive relationships between emotional intelligence and employees' work outcomes.
Humility: Review of measurement strategies and conceptualization as personality judgment

Humility is an understudied virtue in positive psychology. Both conceptual and methodological challenges have retarded its study. In this article, we discuss how humility has been defined. Specifically, researchers disagree whether humility refers to the accuracy of an individual's view of self, or whether humility primarily describes someone's interpersonal stance toward others. We critique four approaches that researchers have used to measure humility: self-reports, implicit measures, social comparisons of self to others, and informant ratings of humility. We then theoretically elaborate on the later method, which has been mostly overlooked. Accordingly, we present a model of relational humility. We define humility as a relationship-specific personality judgment, and we describe the relationship factors that affect how humility is perceived [Funder, D.C. (1995). On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach. Psychological Review, 102, 652–670. ]. Finally, we provide next steps for researchers using a relational approach.
FUNDAMENTAL AND GRADIENT DIFFERENCES IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

This article reexamines Bley-Vroman’s original (1990) and evolved (this issue) fundamental difference hypothesis that argues that differences in path and endstate of first language acquisition and adult foreign language learning result from differences in the acquisition procedure (i.e., language faculty and cognitive strategies, respectively). The evolved assessment of the theoretical and empirical developments of the past 20 years is taken into account with respect to Universal Grammar and parameters in generative theory and with respect to cognition and acquisition in data processing. This article supports the spirit of Bley-Vroman’s proposals in light of the discussion of three topics: pathway of acquisition, endstate age of acquisition effects, and language processing by monolinguals and bilinguals. I argue that the difference between child and adult language acquisition is, above all, quantitative not qualitative, a gradient continuum rather than a precipitous break.
Migrant Ethnic Identity: Concept and Policy Implications

With globalization, the size of migration and the value of ethnicity is rising. Also Cyprus undergoes a strong process of change while experiencing large inflows of migration. The paper investigates the challenges and the potentials of migration from a European Union perspective. It advocates for a new concept to measure the ethnic identity of migrants, models its determinants and explores its explanatory power for various types of economic performance. The ethnosizer, a measure of ethnic identity, classifies migrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. Empirical evidence supports its relevance for economic outcomes.
COUPLED MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODELLING ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS

Simulation of the marine environment has become an important tool across a wide range of human activities, with applications in coastal engineering, offshore industries, fisheries management, marine pollution monitoring, weather forecasting and climate research to name but a few. Hydrodynamic models have been under development for many years and have reached a high level of sophistication. However, sustainable management of the ecological resources of coastal environments demands an ability to understand and predict the behaviour of the marine ecosystem. Thus, it is highly desirable to extend the capabilities of existing models to include chemical, bio-geo-chemical and biological processes within the marine ecosystem. This paper describes the development of a high-resolution threedimensional coupled transport/ecosystem model of the Northwest European continental shelf and explores the particular problems encountered in its implementation on high-performance computer systems. We present preliminary results from the coupled model. We also discuss the performance levels achieved and the parallelization and optimization strategies employed.
The Internal Structure of Positive and Negative Affect: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PANAS

This study tested five confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) models of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) to provide validity evidence based on its internal structure. A sample of 223 club sport athletes indicated their emotions during the past week. Results revealed that an orthogonal two-factor CFA model, specifying error correlations according to Zevon and Tellegen’s mood content categories, provided the best fit to our data. In addition, parameter estimates for this model suggest that PANAS scores are reliable and explain large proportions of item variance. Taken together with previous research, the findings further suggest that the PANAS may be a higher-order measure of affect and includes several consistently problematic items. The authors recommend that affect researchers attempt to improve the PANAS by (a) revising consistently problematic items, (b) adding new items to better capture mood content categories, and (c) providing additional internal structure validity evidence through a diagonally weighted least squares estimation of a second-order PANAS CFA model.
Examination of students' digital gaming habits at secondary school level in Elazig Province of Turkey

In this study, the opinions of the secondary school students on digital games were examined. The research is a screening model research and has a descriptive feature. It was carried out with 521 secondary school students in Elazig (a province in eastern part of Turkey) [MSS1] in 2013. Almost all of the participants use computer. More than half of them have computers and internet connection in their houses. It was found that 83.3 % of the participants use computer 0-2 h a day. It has been found out that the secondary school students use the internet to do research, play games, watch videos or movies and communicate with their friends. Most of the students stated that they like playing computer games, feel happy when they complete the game stages successfully. However, there are also some negative aspects, such as addiction as a result of immense gaming motive, [MSS2] some games which involve violence affect individuals adversely, and is considered a waste of time. The findings showed that male students like playing computer games, become happier when they succeed; want to play games more than the female ones and they believe playing computer games contributes to their effort to tranquilise. On the other hand, the female students primarily believe that playing computer games is a waste of time, affects their social life in a negative way and the violent elements in these games are more dominant on the individuals. Key words: Computer games, digital games, secondary school students. [MSS1]Is it a name for a place, town or what? Need to be specified for the readers. [MSS2]The stylistic of phrase is suggested to be rephased and improved.
Matching Performance of FinFET Devices With Fin Widths Down to 10 nm

In this letter, the matching performances of FinFET devices with high-k dielectric, metal gates, and fin widths down to 10 nm are experimentally analyzed. The stochastic variation of threshold voltage and current factor is examined for both p- and n-type FinFETs. An improvement of the matching performance is expected compared to conventional planar bulk devices since the fins are undoped. The impact of line edge roughness and charge density in the high-k dielectric is evaluated in order to understand which physical parameter fluctuation is dominant on the measured matching parameters.
Isolation and Purification of Primary Schwann Cells

Schwann cells are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which both myelinate and provide trophic support for their associated axons. Their functions are critical for proper development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the PNS. Schwann cells can be isolated and expanded in culture. Such a culture can be used as a source of myelinating glia in culture or as a source of Schwann cells for various cell and molecular biological experiments. The proliferative ability of these cells is exploited in the isolation procedures presented here.