Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Prefrontal Connectivity in Psychopathy

Linking psychopathy to a specific brain abnormality could have significant clinical, legal, and scientific implications. Theories on the neurobiological basis of the disorder typically propose dysfunction in a circuit involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). However, to date there is limited brain imaging data to directly test whether psychopathy may indeed be associated with any structural or functional abnormality within this brain area. In this study, we employ two complementary imaging techniques to assess the structural and functional connectivity of vmPFC in psychopathic and non-psychopathic criminals. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we show that psychopathy is associated with reduced structural integrity in the right uncinate fasciculus, the primary white matter connection between vmPFC and anterior temporal lobe. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that psychopathy is associated with reduced functional connectivity between vmPFC and amygdala as well as between vmPFC and medial parietal cortex. Together, these data converge to implicate diminished vmPFC connectivity as a characteristic neurobiological feature of psychopathy.
Relationship between visual acuity and observation distance

The visual acuities of 17 young emmetropes and corrected ametropes were measured over the range of 7.5–0.19m using a Bailey‐Lovie chart. Accommodation stimulus‐response measures were also taken over this range using retinoscopy to establish whether variations in visual acuity with observation distance could be attributed to accommodation behaviour. Tonic accommodation was recorded using the Canon R1 autorefractor and was compared with visual acuity and stimulus‐response results. In general, visual acuity was found to be dependent on stimulus distance, being significantly reduced for most observers for the closest targets. There were three categories of observer performance for visual acuity as a function of observation distance; one group showing no change in visual acuity with distance, a second showing a flat function for distances 7.55–0.5m, and then a decrease in visual acuity for shorter distances; and a third category that showed a maximum visual acuity in the 1.2–1.6m region. This behaviour was unrelated to individual stimulus‐response characteristics and there was no significant relationship between tonic accommodation and the distance where acuity was best for the third category observers.
ECOLOGICAL NICHE CONSERVATISM AND PLEISTOCENE REFUGIA IN THE THRUSH-LIKE MOURNER, SCHIFFORNIS SP., IN THE NEOTROPICS

Abstract Recent studies have increasingly implicated deep (pre-Pleistocene) events as key in the vertebrate speciation, downplaying the importance of more recent (Pleistocene) climatic shifts. This work, however, has been based almost exclusively on evidence from molecular clock inferences of splitting dates. We present an independent perspective on this question, using ecological niche model reconstructions of Pleistocene Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) potential distributions for the Thrush-like Mourner (Schiffornis turdina) complex in the neotropics. LGM distributional patterns reconstructed from the niche models relate significantly to phylogroups identified in previous molecular systematic analyses. As such, patterns of differentiation and speciation in this complex are consistent with Pleistocene climate and geography, although further testing will be necessary to establish dates of origin firmly and unambiguously.
Higher Plasma Drug Concentration in Clozapine-treated Schizophrenic Patients With Side Effects of Obsessive/Compulsive Symptoms

Clozapine-induced obsessive/compulsive symptoms (OCS) have been reported by many authors. This study investigated the incidence of these side effects, together with the relation between these side effects and the plasma concentration (Cps) of clozapine and its metabolites norclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide in schizophrenic patients. One hundred and two schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine were interviewed and screened with questionnaires testing for OCS during a 1-year study period. Cps of clozapine and the metabolites were monitored using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Thirty-nine patients (38.2%) presented with OCS, and, of these, 29 patients (28.4%) were classified as clozapine-induced, with an average latent period of 39.8±22.5 months. The Cps of clozapine and norclozapine were significantly higher in patients with OCS than in those without (595.1±364.9 vs. 433.5±252.8 ng/mL, P=0.001 and 266.4±144.4 vs. 203.1±119.8 ng/mL) OCS. Clozapine-induced OCS were not uncommon side effects. The authors suggest that the emergence of these side effects may be related to higher Cps of clozapine and clinicians should routinely check for and manage these side effects.
von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Angiomatosis retinae is a rare entity with serious central nervous system (CNS) manifestations and systemic complications. Eugene von Hippel, a German ophthalmologist, published his classic description of the disease at the beginning of the last century. His first report of the disease in 1904 was limited to the description of retinal manifestations, and we still define von Hippel disease as an oculor vascular disease. In 1926, a Swedish neurologist by the name of Arvid Lindau described the systemic components of this autosomal dominant syndrome. The term von HippelLindau (VHL) disease now defines a disorder involving the retina and the CNS. Visceral anomalies such as liver cysts, pheochromocytomas, renal cell carcinoma, and depididymal cystadenoma can be present and may be associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Ophthalmologists must be familiar with all components of this disease because prompt diagnosis may minimize morbidity and mortality. Ocular signs and symptoms frequently are part of the initial presentation and can give the first clue as to the correct diagnosis. Early detection of retinal angioma before visual symptoms are present is associated with a better visual outcome. Furthermore, genetic counseling and systemic screening for visceral or CNS abnormalities are mandatory. In this chapter, we review the clinical manifestations, recent genetic advances, screening protocols, laboratory investigation, and treatment options for the disease.
Mixing unmixables: Unexpected formation of Li-Cs alloys at low pressure

Unexpected Li-Cs alloy with unusual Cs to Li charge transfer characterized from valence charge topology has been synthesized under 10 GPa. Contrary to the empirical Miedema and Hume-Rothery rules and a recent theoretical prediction, we report experimental evidence on the formation of Li-Cs alloys at very low pressure (>0.1 GPa). We also succeeded in synthesizing a pure nonstoichiometric and ordered crystalline phase from an approximately equimolar mixture and resolved its structure using the maximum entropy method. The new alloy has a primitive cubic cell with the Li atom situated in the center and the Cs at the corners. This structure is stable to at least 10 GPa and has an anomalously high coefficient of thermal expansion at low pressure. Analysis of the valence charge density shows that electrons are donated from Cs to the Li “p”-orbitals, resulting in a rare formal oxidation state of −1 for Li. The observation indicates the diversity in the bonding of the seeming simple group I Li element.
Local synchronization of sampled-data systems on one-parameter Lie subgroups

We present a distributed nonlinear control law for synchronization of identical agents on one-parameter Lie subgroups. If the agents are initialized sufficiently close to one another, then synchronization is achieved exponentially fast. The proof does not use Jacobian linearization, instead the local nature of our result stems from our use of exponential coordinates on a matrix Lie group.
Exact capacity expressions for dual-branch ricean MIMO channels

In this paper we derive exact expressions for the mutual information (MI) probability density function and the MI cumulative distribution function of dual-branch multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) systems (either two transmit (Tx) or two receive (Rx) antennas) communicating over a Ricean channel with no constraint on the rank of the line-of-sight (LOS) channel matrix. This is done both for the case where the channel is only known at the Rx, and for the case where the channel is known both at the Tx and the Rx. As an example, to evaluate the expressions, we employ uniform linear arrays and give expressions for the eigenvalues of the LOS channel matrix for the dual-branch case.
Biochemical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae in relationship to source of isolation and antibiotic resistance

Based on a limited number of biochemical properties, a system for biotyping Haemophilus influenzae (M. Kilian, Acta Pathol. Microbiol, Scand. Sect. B82:835-842, 1976) was used to analyze the relationship of biotype to source of infection and antibiotic resistance for 600 clinical strains. The distribution of biotypes from bacteremic patients was significantly different (P less than 0.001) from the distribution of biotypes from nonbacteremic patients. Although there appeared to be a correlation between biotype and source of isolation, no single biotype correlated with a specific clinical syndrome in bacteremic patients. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin), which was known to be at least in part plasmid mediated, was determined. Of the 600 isolates, 43 were resistant to at least one antibiotic (30 were ampicillin resistant, 11 were tetracycline resistant, 1 was ampicillin-tetracycline resistant, and 1 was tetracycline-chloramphenicol resistant). Of these 43 resistant isolates, 42 were either biotype I or II. This distribution of biotypes among antibiotic-resustant isolates was significantly different from the overall distribution of biotypes (P is less than 0.001).
Changes in class structure in Poland, 1988-2003 : Crystallization of the winners-losers' divide

This paper builds on the work of Stomezynnski and Janicka (2005) and examines changes in the social structure in Poland, and the role of social classes on public opinion formation. The main hypothesis is that the divide between winners and losers crystallizes over time, as the social distance that separates these categories solidifies, and their reaction to economic and political transformation becomes increasingly divergent. Using data from the Polish panel survey POLPAN, conducted in 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003, we find that the main changes in the class structure in Poland occurred between 1988 and 1993. Following 1993, the patterns of the post-communist social structure start to settle, becoming, by 2003, typical of a capitalist society. Results further show substantial and significant differences between the privileged and the disadvantaged in evaluation of socialism, as well as in their subjective assessment of changes in life, and active and passive support for the institution of elections.
The Konstanz natural video database (KoNViD-1k)

Subjective video quality assessment (VQA) strongly depends on semantics, context, and the types of visual distortions. Currently, all existing VQA databases include only a small number of video sequences with artificial distortions. The development and evaluation of objective quality assessment methods would benefit from having larger datasets of real-world video sequences with corresponding subjective mean opinion scores (MOS), in particular for deep learning purposes. In addition, the training and validation of any VQA method intended to be ‘general purpose’ requires a large dataset of video sequences that are representative of the whole spectrum of available video content and all types of distortions. We report our work on KoNViD-1k, a subjectively annotated VQA database consisting of 1,200 public-domain video sequences, fairly sampled from a large public video dataset, YFCC100m. We present the challenges and choices we have made in creating such a database aimed at ‘in the wild’ authentic distortions, depicting a wide variety of content.
Self-Reported versus Measured Weight and Height by Adolescent Girls: A Croatian Sample

Self-reported and measured weight and height of 234 Croatian girls in Grades 5, 8, and 11 were used to explore the validity of these measures for calculating Body Mass Index. For both weight and height, the correlations between self-reported and measured values were over . 93. Overweight girls underreported their weight and overreported their height.
Autosomal dominant acute necrotizing encephalopathy

Objective: To define the clinical and biochemical abnormalities of an autosomal dominant form of acute encephalopathy. Methods: The clinical details of 11 affected family members in comparison with 63 unaffected relatives were analyzed. Results: Affected children become comatose after onset of a febrile illness. Outcomes include full recovery, permanent neurologic impairment, and death. Recurrences produce more severe impairments. Lesions of necrotizing encephalopathy of the thalamus and brainstem are present on autopsy and MRI. Oxidative phosphorylation of intact mitochondria from a muscle biopsy shows loose coupling. Unaffected family members, including obligate carriers, share no clinical characteristics, demonstrating incomplete penetrance. Conclusions: Characteristic pathology and MRI findings define this disorder of autosomal dominant acute encephalopathy. Leigh syndrome and sporadic acute necrotizing encephalopathy share similarities but are distinct.
Iron deficiency can upregulate expression of transferrin receptor at both the mRNA and protein level

Summary. Expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR) is controlled essentially by post‐transcriptional regulation, which is mediated by the interaction between iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and iron‐responsive elements (IREs) located in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of TfR mRNA. We examined whether additional controls of expression might occur by investigating the regulation of TfR in the absence of its' IREs by cloning 3′‐UTR truncated TfR cDNA (TfRΔIRE) into pcDNA3·1(+) and stably expressing it in CHO‐TRVb (Chinese Hamster Ovary, TfR variant cells, clone b) cells which have no endogenous TfR. Both the surface and the total cell TfR protein levels increased significantly after treating the stably transfected cells with the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) compared with the control cells. In contrast, expression of the transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2), which was also cloned in the same vector and stably expressed in the TRVb‐CHO cells, was not regulated by iron chelation. In addition, TfR2 fused to the 3′‐UTR of TfR (TfR2‐IRE) was cloned into the same vector and stably expressed in the CHO‐TRVb cells. A comparison showed that expression of full‐length TfR and TfR2‐IRE increased by fivefold and twofold, respectively, after addition of DFO. Further experiments showed that TRVb‐CHO cells, which were stably transfected with TfRΔIRE and exposed to either normal medium or DFO, resulted in similar levels of TfR mRNA, but the TfR protein biosynthetic rate increased with iron chelation. In summary, expression of TfR in cells placed in an iron‐deficient milieu can increase by a mechanism which is independent of the IREs of TfR.
The Syntax of Number, Person and Gender: A Theory of Phi-Features

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing syntax of number person and gender a theory of phi features as the reading material.
A New Look at the Opportunity-to-Learn Gap across Race and Income

In this study, we use the US nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort to examine inequalities in opportunities to learn mathematics. Specifically, we examine the characteristics of US students’ elementary school math teachers and the instruction they provide. While our findings are consistent with previous work in some areas, such as disadvantaged students having less experienced teachers and more homework and testing, our findings contradict popular notions that disadvantaged students receive less conceptual mathematics instruction than their advantaged peers.
Potential artefacts from overlying tissues in 31p NMR spectra of subcutaneously implanted rat tumours

31P spectra of rat tumours obtained with surface coils are shown to include skin signals of varying intensity. As reported previously by Stubbs, M. , Rodrigues L. M. , and Griffiths, J. R. , (NMR in Biomedicine 1, 50–55, 1988) three hepatomas (rapidly growing Morris heptoma 7777 and slow growing 9618A, and the UA hepatoma) had negligible phosphocreatine (PCr) or creatine (Cr) in acid extracts but frequently had PCr signals in surface coil spectra. Prolactinomas and mammary adenocarcinomas, which had significant PCr and Cr in extracts, showed higher PCr/NTP ratios in spectra taken in vivo than in extracts. A phantom for studying skin signals in vivo is described. A glass sphere of typical tumour size (3–4 mL) is implanted subcutaneously in the rat. Variations in skin signal with pulse duration are demonstrated with this phantom. The factors that could contribute to skin artefact in 31P tumour spectra include: (i) the relative concentrations of metabolites in skin and tumour; (ii) the skin thickness, which depends on the implantation site and rat size; (iii) skin invasion by the tumour; (iv) coil design (solenoid coils and Faraday shields are unlikely to eliminate this problem); (v) pulse repetition times; (vi) pulse duration and other NMR parameters. Careful attention to these factors could reduce skin artefacts.
The Architecture of the Invisible: Technology is Representation

The article explores the idea that the utilitarian and technological orientation of modernity coincides with the conception, position and instrumentation of the world in ways that promote mastery and the distillation of utility. A central strategy in this direction is to reduce the complex and synthetic character of the world to limited domains that can be surveyed, inspected, reversed, controlled and so forth. Rather than being accidental, the principle of limited and selected objectification comprises a world-view that, following Heidegger (1977), I refer to as representation. These points of view make up a theoretical framework that is employed with the purpose of evaluating the current technological trajectory from the industrial to digital technology and its impact upon the work habits and the nature of formal organizations. Shorn of the insights supplied by the Heideggerian view, the differences between these two basic technological epochs and paradigms tend to be overstated and their common representational inheritance tend to be lost. For both represent detached and decontextualized systems of work that impose their own material and behavioural requirements. The article attempts, then, to reveal and illustrate the complex texture of questions related to the increasing distancing from the immediate world and the proliferation of formal and codified methods through an interpretation of Italo Calvino's novel Invisible Cities.
Joint Modeling of Argument Identification and Role Determination in Chinese Event Extraction with Discourse-Level Information

Argument extraction is a challenging task in event extraction. However, most of previous studies focused on intra-sentence information and failed to extract inter-sentence arguments. This paper proposes a discourse-level joint model of argument identification and role determination to infer those inter-sentence arguments in a discourse. Moreover, to better represent the relationship among relevant event mentions and the relationship between an event mention and its arguments in a discourse, this paper introduces various kinds of corpus-based and discourse-based constraints in the joint model, either automatically learned or linguistically motivated. Evaluation on the ACE 2005 Chinese corpus justifies the effectiveness of our joint model over a strong baseline in Chinese argument extraction, in particular argument identification.
Theoretical and numerical modelling of electronic transport in nanostructures

The aim of this thesis in the nanoelectronics domain is to present a contribution to the analysis of the quantum electronic transport phenomena in nanostructures. For this purpose, we specifically develop the phase field matching theory (PFMT). Within this algebraic approach the electronic properties of the system are described by the tight-binding formalism, whereas the analysis of the transport properties based on the phase matching of the electronic states of the leads to the states of the molecular nanojunctions. By comparing some of our results with those of the first principles methods, we have shown the correctness and fonctionality of our approach. Moreover, our method can be considered as a practical and general alternative to the Green’s function-based techniques, and is applied in this work to model the electronic transport across mono and diatomic nanojunctions, consisting of mono and multivalent Na, Cu, Co, C, Si, Ga and As elements.
Preventing crime by people with schizophrenic disorders: the role of psychiatric services

Background Knowledge of when and how to implement treatments to prevent criminal offending among people with schizophrenia is urgently needed. Aims To identify opportunities for interventions to prevent offending among men with schizophrenic disorders by tracking their histories of offending and admissions to hospital. Method We examined 232 men with schizophrenic disorders discharged from forensic and general psychiatric hospitals. Data were collected from participants, family members and official records. Results More than three-quarters (77.8%) of the forensic patients had previously been admitted to general psychiatric services; 24.3% of the general psychiatric patients had a criminal record. Offences had been committed by 39.8% of the forensic patients and 10.8% of the general psychiatric patients before their first admission to general psychiatry, and after their first admission these 59 patients committed 195 non-violent and 59 violent offences. Subsequently, 49 of them committed serious violent offences that led to forensic hospital admission. The offenders were distinguished by a pervasive and stable pattern of antisocial behaviour evident from at least mid-adolescence. Conclusions General psychiatry requires resources in order to prevent criminal offending among a subgroup of patients with schizophrenic disorders.