Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Partner Enhancement in Marital Relationships: The Family of Origin, Attachment, and Social Network Approval

Partner enhancement is an important relational process that has been linked to better relationship outcomes in existing research. However, little is known about variables that might be associated with the practice of partner enhancement. In this study, we utilized an ecosystemic model with a sample of 1,432 couples and an actor/partner interdependence model to explore whether the family of origin, attachment avoidance and anxiety, and social network approval predicted partner enhancement scores. The results indicated that the family of origin was only indirectly associated with partner enhancement through attachment and social network approval. The best predictors of partner enhancement were attachment avoidance and social network approval. Higher scores on actor attachment avoidance were related to higher scores on partner enhancement contrary to expectations. Curiously, partner effects for attachment avoidance were the opposite in that higher scores were associated with lower levels of partner enhancement. Attachment anxiety was associated with lower scores on partner enhancement for both actor and partner effects, and social network approval was associated with higher scores on partner enhancement.
Integrating a context-dependent phrase grammar in the variable n-gram framework

Focuses on the learning of multi-word lexical units, or phrases, and how to model them within the variable n-gram framework. We introduce the notion of context-dependent phrases and suggest an algorithm for the unsupervised learning of phrases. Also, we propose an approach to integrate a phrase grammar and a variable n-gram without the need to explicitly handle multi-word lexical items. The combined variable n-gram phrase grammar improves recognition accuracy on the Switchboard corpus over both the baseline trigram and using a variable n-gram alone.
‘Impact hunters’ catalyse cooperative hunting in two wild chimpanzee communities

Even when hunting in groups is mutually beneficial, it is unclear how communal hunts are initiated. If it is costly to be the only hunter, individuals should be reluctant to hunt unless others already are. We used 70 years of data from three communities to examine how male chimpanzees ‘solve’ this apparent collective action problem. The ‘impact hunter’ hypothesis proposes that group hunts are sometimes catalysed by certain individuals that hunt more readily than others. In two communities (Kasekela and Kanyawara), we identified a total of five males that exhibited high hunt participation rates for their age, and whose presence at an encounter with red colobus monkeys increased group hunting probability. Critically, these impact hunters were observed to hunt first more often than expected by chance. We argue that by hunting first, these males dilute prey defences and create opportunities for previously reluctant participants. This by-product mutualism can explain variation in group hunting rates within and between social groups. Hunting rates declined after the death of impact hunter FG in Kasekela and after impact hunter MS stopped hunting frequently in Kanyawara. There were no impact hunters in the third, smaller community (Mitumba), where, unlike the others, hunting probability increased with the number of females present at an encounter with prey.
Cross-species interaction of porcine and human integrins with their respective ligands: implications for xenogeneic tolerance induction.

BACKGROUND Organ transplantation is limited by the number of available donors. One possible solution would be the use of pigs as organ donors. However, current immunosuppressive protocols cannot prevent rejection of these organs. If donor-specific tolerance toward porcine antigens could be induced in recipients, subsequent implantation of porcine organs would be possible without further immunosuppression. Induction of tolerance can be achieved with a bone marrow transplant if donor antigen-presenting cells successfully differentiate in the recipient thymus to induce deletion of donor-reactive host cells. Migration of porcine progenitor cells to the host marrow and thymus and differentiation into tolerance-inducing antigen-presenting cells is likely to require successful interaction of porcine adhesion molecules with human ligands. In this study, we investigated whether very late antigen (VLA)4 and VLA-6 integrins, which play important roles in homing and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, function across the pig-to-human species barrier. METHODS Static cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix protein adhesion assays were used to examine the cross-species interaction of porcine adhesion molecules with human ligands. RESULTS Our studies show that porcine cells adhere to various human endothelial cell monolayers and extracellular matrix proteins and demonstrate that porcine VLA-4 and VLA-6 appear to be fully cross-reactive to the human ligands vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and laminin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that porcine hematopoietic progenitor cells will be able to successfully employ pVLA-4- and pVLA-6-human ligand interactions in a pig-to-human bone marrow transplantation model in order to induce donor-specific tolerance.
Effects of blood pressure on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy: a post hoc analysis (ORIENT-blood pressure)

Background Blood pressure (BP) control may have different effects on cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes in diabetes. We examined the impact of systolic BP (SBP) on renal and CV outcomes in a post hoc analysis in the Olmesartan Reducing Incidence of Endstage Renal Disease in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. Methods We stratified mean follow-up SBP into three categories (≤130, 131–140 and >140 mmHg) and used a Cox regression model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) for the outcomes. The composite renal outcome was doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease and all-cause death. The composite CV outcome included CV death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, revascularization and lower extremity amputation. We also compared the slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in all three groups. Results After a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years, the follow-up SBP was linearly associated with risk of renal outcomes in all 566 patients. In patients with heavy proteinuria (≥1 g/gCr), a follow-up SBP > 130 mmHg was associated with an HR of 2.33 (1.62–3.36) for renal outcomes with referent to SBP ≤ 130 mmHg. In patients without history of CV disease, a follow-up SBP > 140 mmHg was associated with an HR of 2.04 (1.23–3.40) for CV outcomes with referent to SBP < 140 mmHg. The median (interquartile range) slopes of eGFR were −3.27 (−6.90, −1.63), −4.53 (−8.08, −2.29) and −7.13 (−10.90, −3.99) dL/mg/year in patients with SBP ≤ 130, 131–140 and > 140 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.008 between ≤130 and 131–140, P < 0.001 between ≤ 130 and > 140 mmHg). Conclusion In Asian type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and heavy proteinuria, reduction of SBP ≤ 130 mmHg was associated with greater renoprotection than cardioprotection. However, our results emphasize the need to individualize BP targets in type 2 diabetes.
Redistribution of critical major histocompatibility complex and T cell receptor‐binding functions of residues in an antigenic sequence after biterminal substitution

Residues critical for establishing a trimolecular interaction with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐encoded receptor and a T cell antigen receptor (TcR) were determined for an antigenic nonapeptide. The N‐terminal residue proved to be involved in binding of the peptide to both receptors and the C‐terminal residue was essential for MHC binding. While substitution of either of these critical terminal residues by alanine resulted in an almost complete loss of peptide antigenicity, simultaneous substitution of both created a new functional ligand for the same MHC molecule and the same TcR. Notably, in the biterminally substituted peptide, the core residues took on new roles in the trimolecular interaction in that a residue critical in the authentic nonapeptide for TcR binding became critical for MHC binding and former spacer residues became essential to various degrees for the interaction with either receptor or both. Thus, apparently, the loss of the terminal residues' contribution was at least partially compensated by a redistribution of the roles among the remaining residues. These results reflect a cooperative contribution of all residues of an antigenic peptide to its binding to both receptors and thus challenge a static definition of agretope and epitope as MHC and TcR binding sites.
자기회귀 교차지연 모형을 적용한 청소년기 우울과 비행의 시간적 발달 관계 검증

본 연구에서는 청소년기의 우울과 비행이 어떠한 순서로 발달하는지 살펴보고, 이러한 시간적 발달 관계가 남녀에 따라 어떤 차이를 보이는지 검증하고자 하였다. 중학교 1, 2학년 학생들이 6개월 간격으로 총 3번의 설문을 실시하였으며, 1,418명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 자기회귀 교차지연 모형(autoregressive cross-lagged model)을 다집단 분석 절차를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 우울과 비행의 시간적 발달 관계는 남녀에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 남자 집단에서는 2차 시기의 비행이 3차 시기의 우울에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 여자 집단에서는 1차 시기의 우울이 2차 시기의 비행에 유의한 영향을 미치고 이는 다시 3차 시기의 우울에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 남자의 경우에는 비행이 우울에 선행하는 일방향적인 관계가 성립되었으며, 여자의 경우에는 우울과 비행이 서로 영향을 주고받는 쌍방향적인 관계가 성립되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 성별에 따라 우울과 비행이 공존 발달하는 과정이 다름을 시사하며, 그에 대한 임상적 개입 역시 성별에 따라 다르게 이루어져야 함을 보여준다. 본 연구의 임상적 의의와 제한점에 대해서 언급하였다.
Immediate placement and functional loading of implants on canine with fixed partial denture for a patient having canine protected occlusion: a case report

Conventional implant protocols required a load-free healing period of three to six months between placement and functional loading of the implants. Many efforts have been made to minimize the duration of treatment time. Several literatures have documented immediate function with provisional or definitive prosthesis within a week of the placement in response to these demands. In addition, immediate implant placement has advantages such as shortened treatment time and preservation of soft tissue architectures. This article presents immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets followed by functional immediate loading with provisional prosthesis on canine and premolars for a patient having canine protected occlusion.
Illegal College ADHD Stimulant Distributors: Characteristics and Potential Areas of Intervention

This study identifies indicators of college students, with prescriptions to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stimulants, who are most likely to distribute their medication to nonprescribed peers. 2,313 undergraduate students at a large Southeastern University were surveyed from 2009 to 2011. 5.2% (n = 120) were currently taking a prescribed ADHD stimulant. Analyses revealed that distributors are more likely to (1) take their medication less frequently; (2) misuse their stimulants for “off label” purposes; (3) be a member of a fraternity; (4) overestimate the percentages of users; and (5) belong to at-risk peer groups. The work concludes by discussing the study's implications, limitations and future research.
Properties of a cytopathic agent isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Japan.

A cytopathic agent isolated from the brain biopsy of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was investigated. The agent could most easily be maintained by cocultivation of infected cells with fresh Vero cells (cercopithecus monkey kidney line). Cytopathogenicity consisting of macroscopically recognizable round syncytia (plaques) appeared on the monolayer under liquid overlay. So far up to the 60th passage level, no cell-free virus has been obtained under various conditions. Antigenicity of measles virus was demonstrated by the immunofluorescence tests and by the plaque reduction tests using specific measles virus antiserum. In addition, electron microscopic findings of paramyxovirus nucleocapsids in the infected cells, hemadsorption of cercopithecus monkey erythrocytes and propagation characteristics in the presence of actinomycin D and of 5-bromodeoxyuridine were consistent with those of measles virus. That the nucleocapsids were abundant in the nuclei and much fewer in the cytoplasm is compatible with the data on SSPE viruses reported by others. Adult guinea pigs, mice and hamsters developed neurological symptoms by intracerebral inoculations of the agent and deaths ensued in most of the animals. Freezing storage with dimethyl sulfoxide at -70C was able to preserve the infected cells for a long period just as with uninfected Vero cells. This may suggest a temperate association of the agent with host cells and nonrecovery of cell-free virus.
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPARα

Ketogenesis and ketolysis are central metabolic processes activated during the response to fasting. Ketogenesis is regulated in multiple stages, and a nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) is one of the key transcription factors taking part in this regulation. PPARα is an important element in the metabolic network, where it participates in signaling driven by the main nutrient sensors, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induces hormonal mediators, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This work describes the regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis in normal and malignant cells and briefly summarizes the positive effects of ketone bodies in various neuropathologic conditions.
Towards Understanding Action Recognition

Although action recognition in videos is widely studied, current methods often fail on real-world datasets. Many recent approaches improve accuracy and robustness to cope with challenging video sequences, but it is often unclear what affects the results most. This paper attempts to provide insights based on a systematic performance evaluation using thoroughly-annotated data of human actions. We annotate human Joints for the HMDB dataset (J-HMDB). This annotation can be used to derive ground truth optical flow and segmentation. We evaluate current methods using this dataset and systematically replace the output of various algorithms with ground truth. This enables us to discover what is important - for example, should we work on improving flow algorithms, estimating human bounding boxes, or enabling pose estimation? In summary, we find that high-level pose features greatly outperform low/mid level features, in particular, pose over time is critical, but current pose estimation algorithms are not yet reliable enough to provide this information. We also find that the accuracy of a top-performing action recognition framework can be greatly increased by refining the underlying low/mid level features, this suggests it is important to improve optical flow and human detection algorithms. Our analysis and J-HMDB dataset should facilitate a deeper understanding of action recognition algorithms.
Parental Environmental Effects and Cyclical Dynamics in Plant Populations

Parental environmental effects have been widely reported in plants, but these effects are often weak relative to direct effects of current environmental conditions. Few studies have asked when consideration of such effects is necessary to understand long‐term plant population dynamics. In this article, I show that inclusion of effects of parental density on offspring mass fundamentally changes population dynamics models by making recruitment a function of population size in two previous generations ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$N_{t+ 1}\,= \,\mathrm{f}\,(N_{t},\,N_{t- 1})$$ \end{document} ), rather than one ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$N_{t+ 1}\,= \,\mathrm{f}\,(N_{t})$$ \end{document} ). Models without parental density effects predict either stable population dynamics or sharp crashes from high to low population size (flip bifurcations). When parental effects are at least one‐third the size of direct density effects, gradual cycles from high to low population size (Hopf bifurcations) are possible. In this study, I measured effects of parental and offspring density on offspring quality in an annual plant, Cardamine pensylvanica, by manipulating plant density independently in parent and offspring generations and by comparing the effects of parent and offspring density on offspring performance. Parental density effects were detectable but were noticeably weaker than offspring density effects. Nonetheless, the parental effect was large enough to change population dynamics predictions. Thus, parental effects may be an important component of the numerical dynamics of plant populations.
Patient-Reported Measures Provide Unique Insights Into Motor Function After Stroke

Background and Purpose— Patient-reported outcome measures have been found useful in many disciplines but have received limited evaluation after stroke. The current study investigated the relationship that patient-reported measures have with standard impairment and disability scales after stroke. Methods— Patients with motor deficits after stroke were scored on standard assessments including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and Fugl-Meyer motor scale, and on 2 patient-reported measures, the hand function domain of the Stroke Impact Scale, which documents difficulty of hand motor usage, and the amount of use portion of the Motor Activity Log, which records amount of arm motor usage. Results— The 43 participants had mild disability (median modified Rankin Scale=2), moderate motor deficits (Fugl-Meyer motor scale=46±22), and mild cognitive/language deficits. The 2 patient-reported outcome measures, Stroke Impact Scale and Motor Activity Log, were sensitive to the presence of arm motor deficits. Of 21 patients classified as having minimal or no impairment or disability by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale or modified Rankin Scale (score of 0–1), 15 (71%) reported difficulty with hand movements by the Stroke Impact Scale score or reduced arm use by the Motor Activity Log score. Furthermore, of 14 patients with a normal examination, 10 (71%) reported difficulty with hand movements or reduction in arm use. Conclusions— Patient-reported measures were a unique source of insight into clinical status in the current population. Motor deficits were revealed in a majority of patients classified by standard scales as having minimal or no disability, and in a majority of patients classified as having no deficits.
Influence of inflammatory cells and serum on the performance of implantable glucose sensors.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of polymorphonuclear granulocytes on the performance of uncoated and cellulose acetate/Nafion coated amperometric glucose sensors in vitro. The response of these sensors was also investigated in serum. Uncoated and coated sensors showed lower sensitivities to glucose, with a significant drift in sensor output upon exposure to serum or leukocytes. Although the use of a coating resulted in higher sensitivity, the progressive loss of output was not completely prevented. Stimulated granulocytes were shown to excrete components, probably catalase and myeloperoxidase, which consumed the hydrogen peroxide formed by the oxidation of glucose. In addition, adsorbed serum proteins formed a diffusional barrier for glucose. Furthermore, serum was found to contain low-molecular weight components that alone inhibited glucose oxidase activity. Based on preliminary electrochemical results, we postulate that rabbit serum contains oxidizing substrates that compete with molecular oxygen for the acceptance of electrons from the oxidized enzyme. Consequently, future efforts should be aimed at elucidating the mechanisms involved in the interference of unknown serum components with electron transfer. In addition, further investigations have to be performed to develop an outer membrane that minimizes protein adsorption as well as the actions of inflammatory cells.
Psychiatric Morbidity in Geriatric Population in Old Age Homes and Community: A Comparative Study

Background: The phenomenon of population ageing is already a major social and health problem in the developed countries. The elderly have their problems of disease and disability due the increasing age and changing social circumstances and the need for social support forms an important aspect of geriatric healthcare. Aim: To comparatively study the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in geriatric population in old age homes with those living with the families; and its association with the sociodemographic variables. Materials and Methods: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to screen the study population for psychotic and non-psychotic symptoms. Mini Mental Status Examination was used to assess the cognitive decline and the Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to International classification of diseases 10th Revision Diagnostic criteria. SPSS-16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Psychiatric disorders were more prevalent in individuals aged >80 years, in females, and illiterates. Mood disorders were the most common Psychiatric disorders. Individuals in old age homes had less prevalence of Psychiatric illness than those living in the community. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of Psychiatric disorders was less in the geriatric population in old age homes because of the better availability of care, being engaged in regular activities as per the schedule, group works, etc. This study reflects the importance of delivery of care for better life in geriatric population.
Neurosteroids and GABA-A Receptor Function

Neurosteroids represent a class of endogenous steroids that are synthesized in the brain, the adrenals, and the gonads and have potent and selective effects on the GABAA-receptor. 3α-hydroxy A-ring reduced metabolites of progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, and testosterone are positive modulators of GABAA-receptor in a non-genomic manner. Allopregnanolone (3α-OH-5α-pregnan-20-one), 5α-androstane-3α, 17α-diol (Adiol), and 3α5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (3α5α-THDOC) enhance the GABA-mediated Cl- currents acting on a site (or sites) distinct from the GABA, benzodiazepine, barbiturate, and picrotoxin binding sites. 3α5α-P and 3α5α-THDOC potentiate synaptic GABAA-receptor function and activate δ-subunit containing extrasynaptic receptors that mediate tonic currents. On the contrary, 3β-OH pregnane steroids and pregnenolone sulfate (PS) are GABAA-receptor antagonists and induce activation-dependent inhibition of the receptor. The activities of neurosteroid are dependent on brain regions and types of neurons. In addition to the slow genomic action of the parent steroids, the non-genomic, and rapid actions of neurosteroids play a significant role in the GABAA-receptor function and shift in mood and memory function. This review describes molecular mechanisms underlying neurosteroid action on the GABAA-receptor, mood changes, and cognitive functions.