Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers

Previous studies of data-driven dependency parsing have shown that the distribution of parsing errors are correlated with theoretical properties of the models used for learning and inference. In this paper, we show how these results can be exploited to improve parsing accuracy by integrating a graph-based and a transition-based model. By letting one model generate features for the other, we consistently improve accuracy for both models, resulting in a significant improvement of the state of the art when evaluated on data sets from the CoNLL-X shared task.
An examination of cultural and emotional intelligences in the development of global transformational leadership skills

This study examines the strength and direction of relationships between the self and social dimensions of both emotional and cultural intelligences and transformational leadership skills. Data was gathered from 171 students enrolled at Les Roches International School of Hotel Management in Switzerland. Statistical analyses included factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson’ r, and regression. Results found a direct correlation between the self and social dimension of transformational leadership and emotional and cultural intelligence skills, supporting the study hypotheses. This study contributes to the leadership literature by demonstrating a relationship among the three major constructs of the study findings that can benefit future participants in leadership training programs.
Poly(Anhydride) Nanoparticles Act as Active Th1 Adjuvants through Toll-Like Receptor Exploitation

ABSTRACT The mechanisms that underlie the potent Th1-adjuvant capacity of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated. Traditionally, polymer NPs have been considered delivery systems that promote a closer interaction between antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Our results revealed that poly(anhydride) NPs also act as agonists of various Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2, -4, and -5), triggering a Th1-profile cytokine release (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], 478 pg/ml versus 39.6 pg/ml from negative control; interleukin-12 [IL-12], 40 pg/ml versus 7.2 pg/ml from negative control) and, after incubation with dendritic cells, inducing a 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase of CD54 and CD86 costimulatory molecule expression. Furthermore, in vivo studies suggest that NPs actively elicit a CD8+ T-cell response. Immunization with empty NPs resulted in a significant delay in the mean survival date (from day 7 until day 23 postchallenge) and a protection level of 30% after challenge against a lethal dose of Salmonellaenterica serovar Enteritidis. Taken together, our results provide a better understanding of how NPs act as active Th1 adjuvants in immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy through TLR exploitation.
Brief report selective processing and fear of spiders: Use of the stroop task to assess interference for spider-related, movement, and disgust information

Recent theories proposed to explain the aetiology of spider fear suggest that it may occur in response to the way the animals move, their visual characteristics, or disgust evoking properties. A computerised version of the Stroop task demonstrated that spider-fearing subjects were significantly slower than nonfearing controls to colour name three sets of words representing the physical attributes of spiders, their movement, and general disgust/contamination words, when compared to matched control words. No significant latencies were evident between the three word sets for either group. These findings demonstrate that the spider-fearing group show interference for material directly associated with spiders, and also disgust-related material in general. Implications are discussed in respect of aetiology, given that interference may be indicative of threat or predominant concern. Alternative explanations for the findings are also considered.
Using whole-word production measures to determine the influence of phonotactic probability and neighborhood density on bilingual speech production

Numerous lexical and sublexical factors have been reported to influence speech production in monolinguals (Storkel, 2001; Vitevitch, 2002); however, whole-word production analyses have rarely been used to measure such influences. The present study investigated the effects of phonotactic probability and neighborhood density on bilingual speech production using whole-word production measures (Ingram, 2002). Five typically developing English–Spanish bilingual children were administered a picture-naming task in English and Spanish in which stimuli varied in sublexical and lexical parameters. Their English and Spanish productions were compared with those of five age-matched monolingual English- and Spanish-speaking children, respectively. No differences were found between bilinguals and monolinguals in the respective languages; however, bilinguals evidenced greater phonological complexity in Spanish than English on words with low phonotactic probability and low neighborhood density. Whole-word approximation remained similar between languages. Findings are interpreted in the context of crosslinguistic influences of sublexical and lexical factors on speech production.
Determinants of Mate selection choice among University Students in South-South Zone of Nigeria.

This study sought to identify factors that determine mate selection choice among university students in south-south zone of Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey. The sample was made up of 1420 randomly selected undergraduates in south-south zone of Nigeria. They consisted of 907 male students and 512 female students, within the age brackets of 16-46 years (M=38.89, SD =7.72). The main finding of the study indicated that students consider character as the most important factor in their mate selection choice. Implications for counselling were given. Key Words: - Mate Selection, Character, Financial Standing, Educational Qualification, Fertility
Optimal Beamforming for Dual-Hop MIMO AF Relay Networks With Cochannel Interferences

In this paper, we investigate a beamforming (BF) scheme for a dual-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network in the presence of multiple cochannel interferences (CCIs) at both the relay and the destination nodes. In order to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the destination node, the optimal BF weights for the relay network in the presence of CCIs are derived. A tight lower bound on the outage probability (OP) is derived in a closed form by assuming that multiple CCIs have equal power at the relay and destination nodes. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed BF scheme can outperform the existing schemes. Furthermore, the impacts of antenna configurations, CCIs, and power allocation on the outage performance of the MIMO AF relay systems have been demonstrated with simulations.
Decorrelation of Neural-Network Activity by Inhibitory Feedback

Correlations in spike-train ensembles can seriously impair the encoding of information by their spatio-temporal structure. An inevitable source of correlation in finite neural networks is common presynaptic input to pairs of neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that spike correlations in recurrent neural networks are considerably smaller than expected based on the amount of shared presynaptic input. Here, we explain this observation by means of a linear network model and simulations of networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. We show that inhibitory feedback efficiently suppresses pairwise correlations and, hence, population-rate fluctuations, thereby assigning inhibitory neurons the new role of active decorrelation. We quantify this decorrelation by comparing the responses of the intact recurrent network (feedback system) and systems where the statistics of the feedback channel is perturbed (feedforward system). Manipulations of the feedback statistics can lead to a significant increase in the power and coherence of the population response. In particular, neglecting correlations within the ensemble of feedback channels or between the external stimulus and the feedback amplifies population-rate fluctuations by orders of magnitude. The fluctuation suppression in homogeneous inhibitory networks is explained by a negative feedback loop in the one-dimensional dynamics of the compound activity. Similarly, a change of coordinates exposes an effective negative feedback loop in the compound dynamics of stable excitatory-inhibitory networks. The suppression of input correlations in finite networks is explained by the population averaged correlations in the linear network model: In purely inhibitory networks, shared-input correlations are canceled by negative spike-train correlations. In excitatory-inhibitory networks, spike-train correlations are typically positive. Here, the suppression of input correlations is not a result of the mere existence of correlations between excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurons, but a consequence of a particular structure of correlations among the three possible pairings (EE, EI, II).
Responses to drought stress among sex morphs of Oxyria sinensis (Polygonaceae), a subdioecious perennial herb native to the East Himalayas

It is generally accepted that dioecious plants occur more frequently in dry and nutrient-poor habitats, suggesting that abiotic stress factors could contribute to evolution of dioecy from hermaphrodite. Therefore, experimental investigations on the responses of subdioecious species, a special sexual system comprising male, female, and hermaphrodite plants, to abiotic stress factors could quantify the contribution of selective pressure on the evolution of dioecy. In this study, we evaluated the physiological responses of different sex morphs of Oxyria sinensis Hemsley, a perennial herb native to the East Himalayas, to drought stress. Male, female, and hermaphrodite plants of O. sinensis were subjected to low, moderate, and high drought stress conditions in a glasshouse. Generally, with increasing water stress, the values of most measured variables slightly decreased, whereas water-use efficiency slightly increased. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in most of the measured parameters among the sex morphs under each drought stress treatment, indicating that O. sinensis might be well-adapted to drought stress conditions as its typical habitat is the dry and hot habitats of xerothermic river valleys. However, nitrogen-use efficiency was significantly higher in male and female plants than in hermaphrodite plants under high drought stress conditions, suggesting that that nitrogen-use efficiency under conditions of drought stress might have contributed to the evolution of dioecy from the hermaphrodite to some degree.
Maturation and Trafficking Markers on Rotavirus-Specific B Cells during Acute Infection and Convalescence in Children

ABSTRACT We have previously studied B cells, from people and mice, that express rotavirus-specific surface immunoglobulin (RV-sIg) by flow cytometry with recombinant virus-like particles that contain green fluorescent protein. In the present study we characterized circulating B cells with RV-sIg in children with acute and convalescent infection. During acute infection, circulating RV-sIgD− B cells are predominantly large, CD38high, CD27high, CD138+/−, CCR6−, α4β7+, CCR9+, CCR10+, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-negative (CLA−), L-selectinint/−, and sIgM+, sIgG−, sIgA+/− lymphocytes. This phenotype likely corresponds to gut-targeted plasma cells and plasmablasts. During convalescence the phenotype switches to small and large lymphocytes, CD38int/−, CD27int/−, CCR6+, α4β7+/−, CCR9+/− and CCR10−, most likely representing RV-specific memory B cells with both gut and systemic trafficking profiles. Of note, during acute RV infection both total and RV-specific murine IgM and IgA antibody-secreting cells migrate efficiently to CCL28 (the CCR10 ligand) and to a lesser extent to CCL25 (the CCR9 ligand). Our results show that CCR10 and CCR9 can be expressed on IgM as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells in response to acute intestinal infection, likely helping target these cells to the gut. However, these intestinal infection-induced plasmablasts lack the CLA homing receptor for skin, consistent with mechanisms of differential CCR10 participation in skin T versus intestinal plasma cell homing. Interestingly, RV memory cells generally lack CCR9 and CCR10 and instead express CCR6, which may enable recruitment to diverse epithelial sites of inflammation.
Age at onset and different types of psoriasis

Summary The age at onset of psoriasis has been analysed for 11,366 psoriasis patients. The age at onset for siblings of probands has been analysed for 805 probands having one affected sibling and for 1 79 probands having two affected siblings. The age at onset curve for all probands shows a dominating maximum at about puberty but also indications for two more maxima at about 30 and 50 years of age, respectively. A more relevant picture of the risk of getting psoriasis at different ages is obtained if the onset for old people having psoriasis is investigated. The three maxima come out more clearly in this case, and the puberty maximum is not so dominating. For the families with one proband and two affected siblings there is a statistically significant correlation (Plt;0·001) between the age at onset of the proband and of the siblings, and also between the siblings. The correlation coefficient is between 0·30 and 0·45. For the probands with one affected sibling, the ages at onset of the siblings mainly fall in the same range as those of the probands. These data indicate three groups of patients with respeel to age at onset. However, the overlap between the different groups is considerable. The data presented are compatible with three, possibly genetically different, variants of psoriasis vulgaris. By studying the occurrence of psoriasis among parents of the probands, the gene frequency can be estimated assuming a recessive mode of inheritance. It then turns out that the gene frequency of the group with the earliest age at onset has a gene frequency of about 0·25, the next earliest, 0·18, and the latest, 0·14.
In-network caching and content placement in cooperative small cell networks

Anticipating multimedia file requests via caching at the small cell base stations (SBSs) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the quality-of-service (QoS) of cellular user equipments (UEs). Nevertheless, in traditional caching approaches, files are retrieved from evolved packet core (EPC) of the network, and without coordination among SBSs, which introduces new challenges of content duplication and unbalanced traffic load on the backhaul. In this paper, we propose a collaborative framework in which the SBSs can access files from the caches of other SBSs within the same network domain (i.e., connected to the same service gateway). We design a cost model for the content retrieval of contents across SBSs and from the EPC, and we propose a cost-aware decentralized algorithm, based on which the SBSs devise individual caching strategies (i.e., which files to cache, and from where). Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative caching scheme yields significant gains in terms of in-network content availability, reaching up to 21% improvement compared to a traditional approaches based on geographical distribution of the UEs.
Effects of antiserum to adrenocorticotropin on adrenal growth and function.

The trophic action of ACTH was investigated in intact rats by selective neutralization of endogenous hormone with specific antibodies. Administration of antiserum to ACTH to male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 3–12 weeks for a period of 6–10 days had no effect on adrenal weight but caused a highly significant decrease in serum corticosterone levels. The ability of adrenocortical cells isolated from antiserum-treated animals to produce corticosterone in response to exogenous ACTH was also significantly lower than that of adrenocortical cells derived from normal rabbit serum-treated animals. Administration of ACTH antiserum to unilaterally adrenalectomized animals did not prevent the increase in weight, cell number, and DNA content of the remaining adrenal gland. However, the steroidogenic capacity of adrenocortical cells from antiserum-treated animals was significantly lower in comparison with the capacity of cells obtained from the adrenals of unilaterally adrenalectomized rats treated with norma.
Understanding Job Satisfaction

This study explored various factors that affect teachers' and administrators' reported job satisfaction. The intent was to determine whether teachers and administrators in urban and suburban settings viewed job satisfaction differently. Factor analyses of job satisfaction data indicated that teachers and administrators perceive their jobs differently and that differences also exist within these groups when the urban and suburban contexts in which they work are considered. The major finding of this study is that job satisfaction is determined by both role and context. Thus the findings of this study imply specific action for enhancing satisfaction of educators based on role and contextual variables. The article concludes with a discussion of the findings in terms of implications for policymakers' behavior, actions, and policies.
Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Related Tumors

Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (EWS/pPNET) and other tumors with EWS gene rearrangements encompass a malignant and intermediate neoplasm with a broad anatomic distribution and a wide age range but a predilection for soft tissue in children, adolescents, and young adults. The overlapping histologic, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic and molecular genetic features create diagnostic challenges despite significant clinical and prognostic differences. Ewing sarcoma is the 3rd most common sarcoma in children and adolescents, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare neoplasm that occurs more often in older children, adolescents, and young adults. Pathologic examination is complemented by immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of EWS/pPNET and desmoplastic small round cell tumor in the spectrum of tumors with EWS gene rearrangements. Other tumors with different histopathologic features and an EWS gene rearrangement are discussed elsewhere in this volume.
A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study of Career Calling Among Undergraduates

This two-wave longitudinal study investigated the reciprocal relations between five possible predictors of career calling (presence of life meaning, search for life meaning, career decision self-efficacy, personal growth initiative, and intrinsic religiousness) among a sample of undergraduate college students over a 6-month period. Using structural equation modeling, two models were tested. The first model included all five predictor variables and was a poor fit for the data; the second model included only search for life meaning and personal growth and displayed improved model fit. Results from the second model indicated that search for life meaning and personal growth at Time 1 significantly predicted calling at Time 2, whereas calling at Time 1 was a nonsignificant predictor of either Time 2 outcomes. These findings suggest the more one is searching for his or her meaning in life and intentionally engaging in self-improvement, the more likely she or he is to later experience a calling.
Female artistic identity in place: the studio

In this paper I examine the role of the studio as a central site of artistic identity construction and maintenance. Using ten case studies drawn from interviews with contemporary women visual artists from Toronto, Canada, I argue that women artists value studio space because it powerfully reinforces their sense of commitment and belonging to a predominantly male‐dominated profession. I consider how women cope with the demands of artistic practice when they are unable to establish a spatially separate workspace by addressing the experiences of artists who are parents. I demonstrate how women artists who are primary care‐givers are rarely adequately protected from the interruptions of daily life and have grown accustomed to working in fragments of time and space. While these women may appear willing to concede space to others, when space is crucial to their artistic practice, they have a remarkably strong influence on the form of their creative environment. I maintain, then, that the studio as a fixed physical space continues to be a very real necessity for women artists in all stages of their careers.
Are Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Benign Conditions?

BACKGROUND Recent interest has focused on a unique subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who have normal metabolic features despite increased adiposity. Normal-weight individuals with adverse metabolic status have also been described. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic phenotype modifies the morbidity and mortality associated with higher body mass index (BMI). PURPOSE To determine the effect of metabolic status on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in normal-weight, overweight, and obese persons. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified from electronic databases. STUDY SELECTION Included studies evaluated all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events (or both) and clinical characteristics of 6 patient groups defined by BMI category (normal weight/overweight/obesity) and metabolic status (healthy/unhealthy), as defined by the presence or absence of components of the metabolic syndrome by Adult Treatment Panel III or International Diabetes Federation criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Metabolically healthy people of normal weight made up the reference group. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight studies (n = 61 386; 3988 events) evaluated participants for all-cause mortality and/or cardiovascular events. Metabolically healthy obese individuals (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.55) had increased risk for events compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals when only studies with 10 or more years of follow-up were considered. All metabolically unhealthy groups had a similarly elevated risk: normal weight (RR, 3.14; CI, 2.36 to 3.93), overweight (RR, 2.70; CI, 2.08 to 3.30), and obese (RR, 2.65; CI, 2.18 to 3.12). LIMITATION Duration of exposure to the metabolic-BMI phenotypes was not described in the studies and could partially affect the estimates. CONCLUSION Compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals, obese persons are at increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes even in the absence of metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that there is no healthy pattern of increased weight. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Intramural funds from the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes.