Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption of photons and fermions by black holes in four dimensions

The absorption of photons and fermions into four-dimensional black holes is described by equations which in certain cases can be analyzed using dyadic index techniques. The resulting absorption cross sections for near-external black holes have a form at low energies suggestive of the effective string model. A coupling to the effective string is proposed for spin-0 and spin-(1)/(2) fields of pure N=4 supergravity which respects the unbroken supersymmetry of extreme black holes and correctly predicts dilaton, axion, and fermion cross sections up to an overall normalization. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Lin-28 promotes symmetric stem cell division and drives adaptive growth in the adult Drosophila intestine

Stem cells switch between asymmetric and symmetric division to expand in number as tissues grow during development and in response to environmental changes. The stem cell intrinsic proteins controlling this switch are largely unknown, but one candidate is the Lin-28 pluripotency factor. A conserved RNA-binding protein that is downregulated in most animals as they develop from embryos to adults, Lin-28 persists in populations of adult stem cells. Its function in these cells has not been previously characterized. Here, we report that Lin-28 is highly enriched in adult intestinal stem cells in the Drosophila intestine. lin-28 null mutants are homozygous viable but display defects in this population of cells, which fail to undergo a characteristic food-triggered expansion in number and have reduced rates of symmetric division as well as reduced insulin signaling. Immunoprecipitation of Lin-28-bound mRNAs identified Insulin-like Receptor (InR), forced expression of which completely rescues lin-28-associated defects in intestinal stem cell number and division pattern. Furthermore, this stem cell activity of lin-28 is independent of one well-known lin-28 target, the microRNA let-7, which has limited expression in the intestinal epithelium. These results identify Lin-28 as a stem cell intrinsic factor that boosts insulin signaling in intestinal progenitor cells and promotes their symmetric division in response to nutrients, defining a mechanism through which Lin-28 controls the adult stem cell division patterns that underlie tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Highlighted article: Lin-28 boosts insulin signaling in adult Drosophila intestinal progenitors in response to nutrients, adjusting the rate of symmetric renewal of stem cells and driving intestinal tissue growth.
A novel approach to resolve the Dynamic Discrete Berth Allocation Problem in a Container Terminal

In this paper, we are interested in the modeling and the resolution of the dynamic and discrete berth allocation problem which is noted DDBAP. To resolve this problem, we propose a heuristic approach of optimization which combines two concepts: agent and heuristics. This approach is based on the use of the multi-agent negotiation, the contract net protocol, and a set of heuristics such as the WorstFit arrangement technique and the LPT policy. The objective of our work is then, to solve the problem of scheduling n tasks on m parallel identical machines. The criterion that we aim to minimize is the makespan (in analogy with the P||Cmax problem) having a set of constraints to be satisfied. We developed our model of negotiation using the Jade platform. We finish this work by presenting various simulations to show the performance of the proposed heuristic and the contribution of our approach compared to other already existing approaches.
Studies on plant amylases: The effect of starch concentration upon the velocity of hydrolysis by the amylase of germinated barley.

IT is clear that, for the determination of enzymic reaction-velocity under readily definable conditions, the states near the initiation of the reaction are decidedly the best. Usually however this part of the progress has been left unexplored and delineation of it has been based merely upon empirical expressions of doubtful value. In the present paper data have been directly collected within a few minutes of the origination of the reaction on the mixing of enzyme and substrate. From these data "initial slopes"' are determined graphically and used as a measure of reaction-velocity. In experiments of this short duration the difference between apparent and true zero-time becomes significant.
Lower resting and total energy expenditure in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity

The menopause is accompanied by increased risk of obesity, altered body fat distribution and decreased skeletal muscle mass. The resulting decrease in RMR should be accompanied by a compensatory change in energy balance to avoid weight gain. We aimed to investigate habitual energy intake and expenditure in pre- and postmenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity. We recruited fifty-one healthy Caucasian women, BMI > 18·5 and <35 kg/m2, aged 35–45 years (premenopausal, n 26) and 55–65 years (postmenopausal, n 25). Energy intake was measured using 3 d diet diaries and dietary fat quality assessed using adipose tissue fatty acid biomarkers. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. Postmenopausal women had lower RMR and TEE and spent significantly less time undertaking moderate exercise than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women had a tendency for a lower energy intake, and a similar macronutrient intake but a significantly lower adipose tissue n-6:n-3 ratio (24·6 (se 1·6) v. 37·7 (se 3·1); P < 0·001). The main lifestyle determinant of bone mineral density (which was significantly lower in postmenopausal women) was TEE for premenopausal women, and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio for postmenopausal women. The present results suggest that weight maintenance is achieved in the post- compared with premenopausal status through a combination of reduced energy intake and reduced TEE in a regimen that compromises micronutrient intake and has a negative impact on lean tissue mass. However, lower n-6:n-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women is associated with greater bone mineral density.
Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis of a Planar Hybrid Five Bar Actuator

A hybrid five bar actuator is a configuration that combines the motions of two characteristically different electric motors by means of a five bar mechanism to produce programmable output. Hybrid five bar actuator is the most representative one of hybrid actuator. In this paper, the method of kinematics and dynamics analysis for a hybrid five-bar actuator based on power bond graph theory is introduced. The bond graph model is provided. According to bond graph theory and model, dynamics equations can be derived. By means of the method, it is compact and convenient for solving the main driving power, the assist driving power of a hybrid five-bar actuator. The formula of dynamic equations derived here is a regularized one, and this procedure is very suitable for automatic derivation on a computer, obviously enhancing efficiency and reliability of dynamics analysis for hybrid five bar actuator. From this, a numerical example of kinematics and dynamics analysis for a hybrid five-bar actuator is given, and illustrates its validity
All-cause mortality from obstructive sleep apnea in male and female patients with and without continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a registry study with 10 years of follow-up

Background More information is needed about the effect on mortality of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially in women. Methods We employed a historical cohort study design, using data from 25,389 patients with a diagnosis of OSA selected from the Danish National Patient Registry for the period 1999–2009. We used Cox proportional hazard function to evaluate the all-cause mortality from OSA in middle-aged and elderly males and females who were treated, or not, with CPAP. Results Female OSA patients had a lower mortality than males, irrespective of whether they received CPAP treatment. CPAP treatment improved survival, as illustrated by the hazard ratio of 0.62 (P<0.001). This effect was dependent on gender: CPAP had no significant effect on 20- to 39-year-old males and females, but the overall mortality in this age group was small. Survival was increased by CPAP in 40- to 59-year-old and ≥60-year-old males, but no such effect was observed in females. Positive predictors of survival were young age, female gender, higher educational level, and low 3-year prior comorbidity as estimated by the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Negative predictors for survival were male gender, age ≥60 years, no CPAP treatment, prior comorbidity, and low educational level. Conclusion CPAP therapy is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly males, but no significant effect was found in females.
Crossover from scale-free to spatial networks

In many networks such as transportation or communication networks, distance is certainly a relevant parameter. In addition, real-world examples suggest that when long-range links are existing, they usually connect to hubs—the well-connected nodes. We analyze a simple model which combines both these ingredients—preferential attachment and distance selection characterized by a typical finite "interaction range". We study the crossover from the scale-free to the "spatial" network as the interaction range decreases and we propose scaling forms for different quantities describing the network. In particular, when the distance effect is important i) the connectivity distribution has a cut-off depending on the node density, ii) the clustering coefficient is very high, and iii) we observe a positive maximum in the degree correlation (assortativity) whose numerical value is in agreement with empirical measurements. Finally, we show that if the total length is fixed, the optimal network which minimizes both the total length and the diameter lies in between the scale-free and spatial networks. This phenomenon could play an important role in the formation of networks and could be an explanation for the high clustering and the positive assortativity which are non-trivial features observed in many real-world examples.
Response of four breeds of chickens and one breed of turkeys to experimental Heterakis and Histomonas infections.

Histomoniasis, or blackhead, long regarded as a devastating disease in turkeys, has been known in chickens since 1901 (1) and outbreaks of economic importance to chicken growers have been reported occasionally since 1908. Some of the literature has been reviewed recently (12). In both hosts, the disease is caused by a flagellated protozoon, Histomonas meleagridis (Smith, 1895) Tyzzer, 1920, that depends on the cecal worm, Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788) Madsen, 1949, for its passage from bird to bird. Before the discovery of the role of the cecal worm in transmitting Histomonas, Curtice (2) and others pointed out that turkeys readily acquired blackhead when placed on soil previously used by chickens, even though the disease had not been evident in them.
Illness Representations, Coping, and Psychosocial Adjustment : Greek-Speaking Males’ Experience of Chronic Illness

Illness representations relating to the experience of chronic illness may directly influence health and illness behaviour (coping methods), as well as having an indirect influence on psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness. Chronic illness is more than a medical condition: it is a subjective experience occurring against a backdrop of individual, social, and cultural influences that impact on the illness experience. The dynamic framework of the Common Sense Model (CSM) of health and illness makes this model particularly useful for understanding health and illness behaviours, including social and cultural factors that impact on these behaviours. The influence of illness representations on health and illness behaviours, and the processes and outcomes relating to psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness are particularly important when viewed from the perspective of culturally-diverse groups, such as the elderly Greek-speaking male participants in this study. In this thesis, participants’ illness representations and coping methods for their chronic illness are explored, along with the processes and outcomes associated with their psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis identified themes relevant to the CSM. These showed how participants’ responses to their chronic illness were influenced by their personal experiences and contextual factors. Findings also identified additional themes not directly related to the CSM, revealing how participants’ adjustment to their chronic illness was influenced by individual, psychosocial, and cultural factors. Implications of the study’s findings include the importance for health care professionals to consider the subjective meanings of elderly male individuals’ chronic illness experience, including wider social and cultural influences on their chronic illness experience, as a way of informing and establishing appropriate health care practices.
Gesture Recognition

A youngster being sensed by a basic gesture recognition calculation locating hand area and development Gesture recognition is a point in software engineering and dialect innovation with the objective of translating human gestures by means of scientific calculations. Gestures can start from any substantial movement or state however usually starts from the face or hand. Current concentrates in the field incorporate feeling recognition from the face and hand gesture recognition. Numerous methodologies have been made utilizing cams and machine vision calculations to decipher gesture based communication. In any case, the recognizable proof and recognition of carriage, step, proxemics, and human practices is additionally the subject of motion recognition strategies. Gesture Recognition can be seen as a route for machines to start to comprehend human non-verbal communication, therefore fabricating a wealthier connect in the middle of machines and people than primitive content client interfaces or even GUIs (graphical user interfaces), which still breaking point the larger part of info to console and mouse. Gesture Recognition empowers people to interface with the machine (HMI) and collaborate commonly without any mechanical gadgets. Utilizing the idea of motion recognition, it is conceivable to point a finger at the machine screen so that the cursor will move likewise. This could conceivably make ordinary info gadgets, for example, mouse, consoles and indeed touch-screens repetitive. Gesture Recognition can be directed with strategies from machine vision and picture processing. Interface with computer utilizing gestures of the human body, ordinarily hand movements.in motion recognition engineering, a cam peruses 2321-7871
Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Ochratoxin A Tumourigenesis in Rats and Urinary Tract Carcinoma in Humans; Mechanistic Significance of p-S6 Ribosomal Protein Expression

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be a possible human urinary tract carcinogen, based largely on a rat model, but no molecular genetic changes in the rat carcinomas have yet been defined. The phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein is a marker indicating activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, which is a serine/threonine kinase with a key role in protein biosynthesis, cell proliferation, transcription, cellular metabolism and apoptosis, while being functionally deregulated in cancer. To assess p-S6 expression we performed immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumours and normal tissues. Marked intensity of p-S6 expression was observed in highly proliferative regions of rat renal carcinomas and a rare angiosarcoma, all of which were attributed to prolonged exposure to dietary OTA. Only very small OTA-generated renal adenomas were negative for p-S6. Examples of rat subcutaneous fibrosarcoma and testicular seminoma, as well as of normal renal tissue, showed no or very weak positive staining. In contrast to the animal model, human renal cell carcinoma, upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma from cases of Balkan endemic nephropathy, and a human angiosarcoma were negative for p-S6. The combined findings are reminiscent of constitutive changes in the rat tuberous sclerosis gene complex in the Eker strain correlated with renal neoplasms, Therefore rat renal carcinogenesis caused by OTA does not obviously mimic human urinary tract tumourigenesis.
Biosynthesis and Uptake of Siderophores Is Controlled by the PacC-Mediated Ambient-pH Regulatory System in Aspergillus nidulans

ABSTRACT Biosynthesis and uptake of siderophores in Aspergillus nidulans are regulated not only by iron availability but also by ambient pH: expression of this high-affinity iron uptake system is elevated by an increase in the ambient pH. Mediation of this regulation by the transcriptional regulator PacC has been confirmed via acidity- and alkalinity-mimicking mutants.
Thinking is Social

Robert Axelrod's model of the spread of culture is extended to demonstrate that social interaction can function as an algorithm for optimizing cognition. Mental structures can be represented as strings of symbols that can be evaluated according to some criterion of goodness. Individuals interact with their neighbors, often resulting in patterns of similarities within and differences between regions of the population. Group-level phenomena, in turn, result in the optimization of individual structures.
Developing a Novel Measure of Body Satisfaction Using Virtual Reality

Body image disturbance (BID), considered a key feature in eating disorders, is a pervasive issue among young women. Accurate assessment of BID is critical, but the field is currently limited to self-report assessment methods. In the present study, we build upon existing research, and explore the utility of virtual reality (VR) to elicit and detect changes in BID across various immersive virtual environments. College-aged women with elevated weight and shape concerns (n = 38) and a non-weight and shape concerned control group (n = 40) were randomly exposed to four distinct virtual environments with high or low levels of body salience and social presence (i.e., presence of virtual others). Participants interacted with avatars of thin, normal weight, and overweight body size (BMI of approximately 18, 22, and 27 respectively) in virtual social settings (i.e., beach, party). We measured state-level body satisfaction (state BD) immediately after exposure to each environment. In addition, we measured participants’ minimum interpersonal distance, visual attention, and approach preference toward avatars of each size. Women with higher baseline BID reported significantly higher state BD in all settings compared to controls. Both groups reported significantly higher state BD in a beach with avatars as compared to other environments. In addition, women with elevated BID approached closer to normal weight avatars and looked longer at thin avatars compared to women in the control group. Our findings indicate that VR may serve as a novel tool for measuring state-level BID, with applications for measuring treatment outcomes. Implications for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.
Integration of Adaptation and Mitigation in Climate Change and Forest Policies in Indonesia and Vietnam

Forests play a major role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation, but few policies, if any, integrate these two aspects. Using Indonesia and Vietnam as case studies, we identify challenges at the national level but opportunities at the local level. Although both countries demonstrate political commitment to integrating adaptation and mitigation in their development plans, guidelines for policy and planning treat the two approaches separately. The main challenges identified are lack of knowledge, lack of political will, lack of financial incentives, and fragmentation of mandates and tasks of different government agencies. In contrast, at the local level, integration of mitigation and adaptation is facilitated by subnational autonomy, where mitigation projects might have adaptation co-benefits, and vice versa. Our results also show that many actors have a dual mandate that could bridge adaptation and mitigation if appropriate political and financial incentives are put in place. Successful integration of mitigation and adaptation policies
Work Organization, Mental Health and Coping among Firefighters: The Brazilian Context

Military firefighters are professionals properly equipped and trained to attend emergencies aid. Such situations may start with the pressure of work and daily living with life and death. Some of the consequences, both physical and psychological, may affect these professionals. The present research aims to study the firefighters work routine and its relation to health; identifying their perceptions about the relation between work and health and their coping strategies. For this purpose, we conducted semi-structured interviews, with 8 firefighters of a corporation located in the North region of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. The choice was made due to the fact that the institution has an important role, attending to more than 100 cities in the State. The collected material was recorded and transcripted to further content analysis, preserving the participants' anonymity. The collected responses expose the necessity of coping is present due to the routine presence of situations about the borders between life and death, the search for the apparent calm they may present during their work, as they need to assist victims under any circumstances. The most used strategies were the emotional denial (aiming the firefighter as a ''hero'' role which needs to help others), trivialization of feelings (through an understanding of stress as a work routine) and, to a minor extent talking with others (through the experiences changes and ressignification). On the other hand, the work was perceived as ''rewarding''. Although, it may lead to various physical and psychological consequences, mainly the stress and psychosomatic, linked with spinal diseases, paying attention to the fact that there are no work supporting organizations to share feelings and experiences, forcing firefighters to create their own strategies. We highlight the importance of offering emotional support organizations to firefighters, especially for sharing traumatic experiences, contributing to their mental health.