Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Many Problems Do Family Physicians Manage at Each Encounter? A WReN Study

PURPOSE The number of problems managed concurrently by family physicians during patient encounters has not been fully explored despite the implications for quality assessment, guideline implementation, education, research, administration, and funding. Our study objective was to determine the number of problems physicians report managing at each visit and compare that with the number reflected in the chart and the bill. METHODS Twenty-nine members of the Wisconsin Research Network reported on encounters with 572 patients using a physician problem log. The patient chart notes and the diagnoses submitted for billing from the encounters were compared with the information in these logs. RESULTS The physicians reported managing an average of 3.05 problems per encounter and recorded 2.82 in the chart and 1.97 on the bill. For all patients, 37% of encounters addressed more than 3 problems, and 18% addressed more than 4. For patients older than 65 years, there was an average of 3.88 problems at each visit, and for diabetic patients there was an average of 4.60. There was evidence for the selective omission of mental health and substance problems from the diagnoses used for billing. CONCLUSIONS Family medicine involves the concurrent care of multiple problems, which billing data do not adequately reflect. Our findings suggest a mismatch between family medicine and current approaches to quality assessment, guideline implementation, education, research, administration, and funding. Activities in all these areas need to address the physician’s task of prioritizing and integrating care for multiple problems concurrently.
Integrity of surfaces finished with ultrasonic burnishing

Ultrasonic burnishing is a relatively new method used for finishing workpieces to produce good surface quality. Ultrasonic burnishing does not involve material removal from the surface of the workpiece. However, the method has a significant deforming effect on the material, especially close to the surface, which is why it is vital to know the effect of the method to residual stresses in the material. This study looks at the residual stresses produced in two 34CrNiMo6-M tempering steel qualities of different hardness. The magnitude of stresses is examined using the hole drilling method. The hardness and surface quality of the finished workpiece are measured. The results show that the ultrasonic burnishing not only treats material on the surface efficiently but also deforms the material deeper, producing compressive residual stresses in the workpiece. The hardness increases after finishing and surface quality improves significantly. The roundness of the workpiece is improved and dimensional changes are minor.
INVITED PAPER FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: A TUTORIAL REVIEW AND A STATE OF THE ART

The publication of the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform (FIT) algorithm in 1965 has opened a new area in digital signal processing by reducing the order of complexity of some crucial computational tasks like Fourier transform and convolution from N 2 to N log2 N, where N is the problem size. The development of the major algorithms (Cooley-Tukey and split-radix FFT, prime factor algorithm and Winograd fast Fourier transform) is reviewed. Then, an attempt is made to indicate the state of the art on the subject, showing the standing of research, open problems and implementations. Zusammenfassung. Die Publikation von Cooley-Tukey's schnellem Fourier Transformations Algorithmus in 1965 brachte eine neue Area in der digitalen Signalverarbeitung weil die Ordnung der Komplexit/it von gewissen zentralen Berechnungen, wie die Fourier Transformation und die digitale Faltung, von N 2 zu N log2 N reduziert wurden (wo N die Problemgr6sse darstellt). Die Entwicklung der wichtigsten Algorithmen (Cooley-Tukey und Split-Radix FIT, Prime Factor Algorithmus und Winograd's schneller Fourier Transformation) ist nachvollzogen. Dann wird versucht, den Stand des Feldes zu beschreiben, um zu zeigen wo die Forschung steht, was flir Probleme noch offenstehen, wie zum Beispiel in Implementierungen. Rrsum4. La publication de l'algorithme de Cooley-Tukey pour la transformation de Fourier rapide a ouvert une nouvelle ~re dans le traitement num6rique des signaux, en r4duisant l'ordre de complexit6 de probl~mes cruciaux, comme la transformation de Fourier ou la convolution, de N 2 ~ N log2 N (oh N est la taille du probl~me). Le drvelopment des algorithmes principaux (Cooley-Tukey, split-radix FFT, algorithmes des facteurs premiers, et transform6e rapide de Winograd) est drcrit. Ensuite, l'&at de l'art est donn4, et on parle des probl~mes ouverts et des implantations.
A Dichotomy Theorem for the General Minimum Cost Homomorphism Problem

In the constraint satisfaction problem ($CSP$), the aim is to find an assignment of values to a set of variables subject to specified constraints. In the minimum cost homomorphism problem ($MinHom$), one is additionally given weights $c_{va}$ for every variable $v$ and value $a$, and the aim is to find an assignment $f$ to the variables that minimizes $\sum_{v} c_{vf(v)}$. Let $MinHom(\Gamma)$ denote the $MinHom$ problem parameterized by the set of predicates allowed for constraints. $MinHom(\Gamma)$ is related to many well-studied combinatorial optimization problems, and concrete applications can be found in, for instance, defence logistics and machine learning. We show that $MinHom(\Gamma)$ can be studied by using algebraic methods similar to those used for CSPs. With the aid of algebraic techniques, we classify the computational complexity of $MinHom(\Gamma)$ for all choices of $\Gamma$. Our result settles a general dichotomy conjecture previously resolved only for certain classes of directed graphs, [Gutin, Hell, Rafiey, Yeo, European J. of Combinatorics, 2008].
Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty: an office-based technique adapted to children.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty (HAFGM) for different tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) sizes and to compare its success rate with that of the underlay and overlay techniques. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary care pediatric center. PATIENTS Two hundred eight children aged 4 to 16 years (mean age, 11.84 years) with TMPs. INTERVENTIONS The HAFGM is a new technique for TMP repair in an outpatient pediatric population using local anesthesia. All the patients in groups 1 (underlay) and 2 (overlay) were operated on using general anesthesia, whereas group 3 (HAFGM) was operated on at the outpatient office using local anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative status of the eardrum, hearing improvement, and incidence of complications. RESULTS Patients with TMP were divided into 3 groups: group 1 had 75 patients; group 2, 65; and group 3, 73. The global success rate was 87% in group 3, with no difference with the remaining 2 groups. Successful closure of different TMP sizes was the same for the 3 groups. Postoperatively, air-bone gap improvement was better for group 3. No bone conduction threshold worsening was noted. The mean duration of the operative procedure was 65, 74, and 18 minutes for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = .02). Mean postoperative follow-up was 20.7, 17.5, and 14.6 months for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Identification of the anterior perforation rim is mandatory to perform HAFGM. CONCLUSIONS The HAFGM did not require hospitalization for pediatric patients. It had the advantage of being feasible in children using local anesthesia. Its success rate was comparable with that of conventional techniques.
Smooth Muscle

Depletion of SR Ca stores in many cell types activates Ca permeable store-operated channels (SOCCs) on the plasma membrane, which replete the empty stores through a process known as capacitative calcium entry (CCE). This pathway may be present in smooth muscle cells (Gibson et al. 1998) and may regulate contraction, as well as refill the SR. We have recently shown that emptying the SR using the Ca-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) produces a large increase in intracellular Ca ([Ca]i) and force (Noble & Wray, 2002). The aim of the present study is therefore to investigate the mechanism whereby depleting SR Ca produces increased [Ca]i and force.
Integrated Evaluation of the Potential Health Benefits of Einkorn-Based Breads

Nowadays the high nutritional value of whole grains is recognized, and there is an increasing interest in the ancient varieties for producing wholegrain food products with enhanced nutritional characteristics. Among ancient crops, einkorn could represent a valid alternative. In this work, einkorn flours were analyzed for their content in carotenoids and in free and bound phenolic acids, and compared to wheat flours. The most promising flours were used to produce conventional and sourdough fermented breads. Breads were in vitro digested, and characterized before and after digestion. The four breads having the best characteristics were selected, and the product of their digestion was used to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effect using Caco-2 cells. Our results confirm the higher carotenoid levels in einkorn than in modern wheats, and the effectiveness of sourdough fermentation in maintaining these levels, despite the longer exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, in cultured cells einkorn bread evidenced an anti-inflammatory effect, although masked by the effect of digestive fluid. This study represents the first integrated evaluation of the potential health benefit of einkorn-based bakery products compared to wheat-based ones, and contributes to our knowledge of ancient grains.
USE OF THE ACCELERATED MORTAR BAR TEST FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES FOR CONTROLLING EXPANSION DUE TO ALKALI-SILICA REACTION

This paper presents data from laboratory studies to assess the suitability of the accelerated mortar bar test (CSA A23.2-25A and ASTM C 1260) as a method for evaluating the effect of mineral admixtures on expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A wide range of materials such as fly ash, slag, silica fume and natural pozzolans have been tested at different replacement levels in combination with various reactive aggregates including siliceous limestone, greywacke, granite and sandstone. Results are presented for 70 different material combinations tested by both the accelerated test and the Canadian Standards Association concrete prism test (CSA A23.2-14A and ASTM C 1293). For aggregates that were shown to be deleteriously reactive by both test methods there was a generally good agreement between the test results when the failure criteria used were expansion of mortar bars at 14 days > 0.10% and expansion of concrete prisms at 2 years > 0.040%. Only 5 out of 70 mixtures passed the mortar bar test and failed the concrete prism test and in two these 5 cases the extent of failure was insignificant (that is, 0.042% expansion at 2 years in both cases). It is concluded that combinations of pozzolans and reactive aggregates that pass the accelerated mortar bar test can be used in the field with a very low (and acceptable) risk of deleterious expansion due to ASR. A large number of the mortar bars were subjected to pore solution expression and analysis after 14 days in 1 M NaOH at 80°C. There is a broad correlation between the pore solution alkalinity and expansion at the end of the test. This suggests that the mineral admixtures suppress expansion in this test by reducing both the alkalinity of the pore solution in the bar and the penetration (diffusion) of alkalis into the bar from the host solution.
Technologies for plasma membrane proteomics

Cell–cell and intracellular signaling are critical mechanisms by which an organism can respond quickly and appropriately to internal or environmental stimuli. Transmission of the stimulus to effector proteins must be coordinated, rapid and transient such that the response is not exaggerated and the overall balance of the cell or tissue is retained. Proteomics technology has traditionally been adept at analyzing effector proteins (such as cytoskeletal and heat shock proteins, and those involved in metabolic processes) in studies examining the effects of altered environmental or nutritional conditions, drugs, or genetic manipulation, since these proteins are often highly abundant, soluble and therefore amenable to analysis. Conversely, the proteins mediating the transmission of the signal have been generally under‐represented, typically because of their low abundance. One mechanism that has overcome this to some extent is the advent of very high‐resolution phosphoproteomics techniques, which have enabled temporal profiling of intracellular signal pathways via quantitative assessment of peptide phosphorylation sites. One group of proteins, however, that still remains under‐represented in proteomics studies are those found in the plasma membrane (PM). Such proteins are crucial in sensing changes in the external environment and in stimulating the transmission of the signal intracellularly. This review examines PM proteins and appraises the proteomics approaches currently available for providing a comprehensive analysis of these crucial mediators of signal pathways. We discuss different strategies for enrichment and solubilization of these proteins and include discussion on cross‐linking of PM complexes and glycoproteomics as the basis for purification prior to proteomic analyses.
Decoding of Expander Codes at Rates Close to Capacity

The decoding error probability of codes is studied as a function of their block length. It is shown that the existence of codes with a polynomially small decoding error probability implies the existence of codes with an exponentially small decoding error probability. Specifically, it is assumed that there exists a family of codes of length N and rate R=(1-epsiv)C (C is a capacity of a binary-symmetric channel), whose decoding probability decreases inverse polynomially in N. It is shown that if the decoding probability decreases sufficiently fast, but still only inverse polynomially fast in N, then there exists another such family of codes whose decoding error probability decreases exponentially fast in N. Moreover, if the decoding time complexity of the assumed family of codes is polynomial in N and 1/epsiv, then the decoding time complexity of the presented family is linear in N and polynomial in 1/epsiv. These codes are compared to the recently presented codes of Barg and Zemor, "Error Exponents of Expander Codes", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2002, and "Concatenated Codes: Serial and Parallel", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2005. It is shown that the latter families cannot be tuned to have exponentially decaying (in N) error probability, and at the same time to have decoding time complexity linear in N and polynomial in 1/epsiv
Impact of Diglossia on Word and Non-word Repetition among Language Impaired and Typically Developing Arabic Native Speaking Children

The study tested the impact of the phonological and lexical distance between a dialect of Palestinian Arabic spoken in the north of Israel (SpA) and Modern Standard Arabic (StA or MSA) on word and non-word repetition in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and in typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. Fifty kindergarten children (25 SLI, 25 TD; mean age 5;5) and fifty first grade children (25 SLI, 25 TD; mean age 6:11) were tested with a repetition task for 1–4 syllable long real words and pseudo words; Items varied systematically in whether each encoded a novel StA phoneme or not, namely a phoneme that is only used in StA but not in the spoken dialect targeted. Real words also varied in whether they were lexically novel, meaning whether the word is used only in StA, but not in SpA. SLI children were found to significantly underperform TD children on all repetition tasks indicating a general phonological memory deficit. More interesting for the current investigation is the observed strong and consistent effect of phonological novelty on word and non-word repetition in SLI and TD children, with a stronger effect observed in SLI. In contrast with phonological novelty, the effect of lexical novelty on word repetition was limited and it did not interact with group. The results are argued to reflect the role of linguistic distance in phonological memory for novel linguistic units in Arabic SLI and, hence, to support a specific Linguistic Distance Hypothesis of SLI in a diglossic setting. The implications of the findings for assessment, diagnosis and intervention with Arabic speaking children with SLI are discussed.
Giant cerebral hydatid cyst in a child - a case report and review of literature.

Cystic hydatidosis is a rare disease which mainly involves the liver and lungs, and rarely the brain. Cysts may be single or multiple. A 6-year-old boy presented with the chief complaint of ataxia. Brain imaging revealed a huge cystic structure involving the right side of the brain. A diagnosis of brain hydatid cyst was made and the patient was operated on. A large cyst was successfully delivered without rupture. Antihelminthic medication was started and the patient was discharged with full recovery of neurological function. Hydatid cysts must be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with cystic lesions of the brain, especially in children. Surgery remains the standard method of treatment, and care must be taken in order to recover the cyst without rupture to avoid severe complications and recurrence.
Renal sympathetic denervation lowers arterial pressure in canines with obesity-induced hypertension by regulating GAD65 and AT1R expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla

ABSTRACT To explore the roles of glutamate acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the action of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on obesity-induced hypertension in canines. Thirty-two beagles were randomly divided into a hypertensive model (n = 22) and control (n = 10) groups. A hypertensive canine model was established by feeding a high-fat diet. Twenty hypertensive beagles were randomized equally to a sham-surgery and RSD-treated group receiving catheter-based radiofrequency RSD. Compared with the control group, the sham-surgery group exhibited significant increases in blood pressure, serum angiotensin II level, rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) glutamate level, and AT1R mRNA and protein expression and decreases in γ-amino acid butyric acid (γ-GABA) level and GAD65 mRNA and protein expression in the RVLM (all P < 0.05). Treatment with RSD significantly attenuated the above abnormal alterations (all P < 0.05). Linear correlation analysis revealed that angiotensin II level was positively correlated with glutamate level (r = 0.804) and inversely correlated with γ-GABA level (r = −0.765). GAD65 protein expression was positively correlated with γ-GABA level (r = 0.782). Catheter-based radiofrequency RSD can decrease blood pressure in obesity-induced hypertensive canines. The antihypertensive mechanism might be linked to upregulation of GAD65 and downregulation of AT1R in the RVLM.
Branhamella catarrhalis as a cause of pneumonia in a patient with miliary tuberculosis

Branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly reported as a cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. The authors here report what they believe to be a unique case of B catarrhalis bronchopneumonia in a patient who had previously acquired miliary tuberculosis. The patient initially responded to medication but died suddenly following a brief episode of febrile illness. At autopsy, several lines of evidence implicated B catarrhalis in the findings. The authors review the literature regarding cases of lower respiratory tract infection reportedly caused by B catarrhalis. Their own conclusion is that B catarrhalis infection is not necessarily caused by abnormal immunoglobulin, as some workers have suggested, but rather by damaged lung tissue in general and damaged bronchoalveolar cells in particular.
Unsupervised lineage‐based characterization of primate precursors reveals high proliferative and morphological diversity in the OSVZ

Generation of the primate cortex is characterized by the diversity of cortical precursors and the complexity of their lineage relationships. Recent studies have reported miscellaneous precursor types based on observer classification of cell biology features including morphology, stemness, and proliferative behavior. Here we use an unsupervised machine learning method for Hidden Markov Trees (HMTs), which can be applied to large datasets to classify precursors on the basis of morphology, cell‐cycle length, and behavior during mitosis. The unbiased lineage analysis automatically identifies cell types by applying a lineage‐based clustering and model‐learning algorithm to a macaque corticogenesis dataset. The algorithmic results validate previously reported observer classification of precursor types and show numerous advantages: It predicts a higher diversity of progenitors and numerous potential transitions between precursor types. The HMT model can be initialized to learn a user‐defined number of distinct classes of precursors. This makes it possible to 1) reveal as yet undetected precursor types in view of exploring the significant features of precursors with respect to specific cellular processes; and 2) explore specific lineage features. For example, most precursors in the experimental dataset exhibit bidirectional transitions. Constraining the directionality in the HMT model leads to a reduction in precursor diversity following multiple divisions, thereby suggesting that one impact of bidirectionality in corticogenesis is to maintain precursor diversity. In this way we show that unsupervised lineage analysis provides a valuable methodology for investigating fundamental features of corticogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:535–563, 2016. © 2015 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light reduces the voltage-dependent inward current in Limulus ventral photoreceptors

In Limulus ventral photoreceptors, illumination not only increases a specialized light-activated sodium conductance but also modulates voltage-dependent conductances. Previous work has demonstrated that the delayed rectifier current is reduced by light; we report here that the early voltage-dependent inward current is also reduced by light. Furthermore, by maintained during continuous depolarization and that this maintained inward current can be reduced by light. EGTA injection was found to increase the maintained inward current.
Pulmonary functions in Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common disabling and progressive neuro-degenerative disorder. Morbidity and mortality are frequently associated with pulmonary dysfunction in patients with PD. AIM To investigate characteristics of pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in patients with PD and to study the effect of levodopa on the PFT findings. METHODS Pulmonary function testing was performed in 35 patients with PD during 'off' and 'on' state while on levodopa; and 35 matched healthy controls. RESULTS The forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < 0.001), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (p < 0.001), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (p < 0.001), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in patients with PD compared to controls. There was significant improvement in the PFT values in 'on' state compared to 'off' state. CONCLUSIONS A restrictive pattern of pulmonary dysfunction is present in patients with PD, which improves significantly with levodopa. The evaluation and rehabilitation of respiratory disturbances should be routinely included in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease.