Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy

Research on the construct of self-criticism has been gaining attention in the psychopathology and psychotherapy literature. The aims of this review are to provide an integrated theoretical and empirical understanding of client self-criticism and its implications for psychopathology and processes of self-critical change. Cognitive, emotion-focused, and psychodynamic therapy approaches are reviewed to highlight the ways in which self-criticism is addressed across different psychotherapies. Implications for treatment are put forward based upon the strengths of the different approaches in developing a self-protective and self-compassionate stance toward self-criticism.
The sensitivity and clinical course of patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis sensitized to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap - secondary publication.

BACKGROUND Recently, an increasing number of patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) have been reported in Japan. Most of them had developed this condition during or after using hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP)-containing soap (HWP-WDEIA). METHODS To clarify the relation between WDEIA and HWP-containing soap and their prognosis, we retrospectively studied the patients who visited Hiroshima University Hospital and were diagnosed as WDEIA from January 2010 to June 2011. We took detailed clinical histories, performed skin prick tests, serum immunoassays for antigen-specific IgE and basophil histamine release test, and followed up their clinical courses after the diagnosis. RESULTS Among 36 patients with WDEIA, 30 patients had used only one type of HWP-soap. The patients with HWP-WDEIA were mainly women and had developed facial symptoms and angioedema. They suffered from blood pressure reductions less frequently than patients with conventional WDEIA. The levels of gluten-specific IgE were higher than those of omega-5 gliadin in patients with HWP-WDEIA (P < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). All patients with HWP-WDEIA were positive against HWP in histamine release test. Among the conventional wheat antigens, glutenins induced the highest histamine release from basophils of patients with HWP-WDEIA. The sensitivities of patients against glutens and glutenins were reduced over months along with the discontinuance of HWP-soap. CONCLUSIONS The development of HWP-WDEIA is associated with the use of HWP-soap. The sensitivity to HWP that cross reacts with non-processed wheat may be reduced or possibly cured after the discontinuation of HWP-soap.
Restarts, Pauses, and the Achievement of a State of Mutual Gaze at Turn‐Beginning

This paper will investigate some systematic procedures through which a framework of mutual orientation between speaker and hearer is achieved and oriented to within the turn at talk. In so far as both the vocal actions of the speaker and the nonvocal actions of the hearer will be examined, data for this analysis consist of videotapes of actual conversations recorded in a range of natural settings. Natural speech is frequently considered a poor source of data for the analysis of linguistic structure (see, for example, Chomsky, 1965, pp. 3-4). Specifically, sentences produced within it are regularly found to be impaired in a variety of ways. Thus a sample of natural speech will contain not only well-formed grammatical sentences-
DOES SEX MATTER

A RE sex or gender crucial components of modern marriage? In Bellinger v. Bellinger [2001] EWCA Civ 1140, [2001] 2 F.L. R. 1048, the Court of Appeal returned to the question of the relevance of biological sex to the validity of marriage, first considered thirty years ago by Ormrod J. in Corbett v. Corbett (otherwise Ashley) [1971] P. 83. Both cases involved male-to-female transsexuals who had undergone gender reassignment surgery but in Bellinger , Mrs. Bellinger sought a declaration under section 55 of the Family Law Act 1986 that her marriage to Mr. Bellinger was valid at its inception and still subsisting (unlike Corbett , which involved a nullity petition). The Court, by a majority, upheld the decision of Johnson J. refusing the declaration.
Excitable Speech. A Politics of the Performative

Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative inquires into the status of speech as conduct from the perpective of social theories of discourse. In a critical encounter with the work of Catharine MacKinnon and Mari Matsuda, this text asks whether and under what conditions hate speech and pornography can be considered "performative", and in what sense. Following the work of J.L. Austin, this work argues that there are at least two ways of construing the performativity of such expressions: (a) as perlocutionary and, therefore, producing a possible set of effects, and (b) as illucotionary and, therefore, as conduct itself. MacKinnon tends to construe pornographic harms as illocutionary, and Excitable Speech offers arguments against this construal. The book offers a theory of speech acts within the context of a doctrine of interpellation, derived from Althusser. According to this view, the names that persons are called are discursive occasions not only for social existence, but also for the possibility of the subversion of injurious utterances within discourse. Cases considered include R.A. V. v. St. Paul, Wisconsin v. Mitchell, the military regulations on homosexual conduct and expression. The book argues that the conflation of speech and conduct can work tactically in favor of sexually conservative public policy, and that regulation of injurious speech offers ambivalent consequences for policies that seek to redress racial discrimination. It also offers a way to think about the interpellative force of injurious speech through an account of the speech act that has both deconstructive and social dimensions.
Evidence from mutation spectra that the UV hypermutability of xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells reflects abnormal, error-prone replication on a template containing photoproducts

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant patients are genetically predisposed to sunlight-induced skin cancer. Fibroblasts derived from these patients are extremely sensitive to the mutagenic effect of UV radiation and are abnormally slow in replicating DNA containing UV-induced photoproducts. However, unlike cells from the majority of XP patients, XP variant cells have a normal or nearly normal rate of nucleotide excision repair of such damage. To determine whether their UV hypermutability reflected a slower rate of excision of photoproducts specifically during early S phase when the target gene for mutations, i.e., the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase gene (HPRT), is replicated, we synchronized diploid populations of normal and XP variant fibroblasts, irradiated them in early S phase, and compared the rate of loss of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidones from DNA during S phase. There was no difference. Both removed 94% of the 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidones within 8 h and 40% of the dimers within 11 h. There was also no difference between the two cell lines in the rate of repair during G1 phase. To determine whether the hypermutability resulted from abnormal error-prone replication of DNA containing photoproducts, we determined the spectra of mutations induced in the coding region of the HPRT gene of XP variant cells irradiated in early S and G1 phases and compared with those found in normal cells. The majority of the mutations in both types of cells were base substitutions, but the two types of cells differed significantly from each other in the kinds of substitutions, but the two types differed significantly from each other in the kinds of substitutions observed either in mutants from S phase (P < 0.01) or from G1 phase (P = 0.03). In the variant cells, the substitutions were mainly transversions (58% in S, 73% in G1). In the normal cells irradiated in S, the majority of the substitutions were G.C --> A.T, and most involved CC photoproducts in the transcribed strand. In the variant cells irradiated in S, substitutions involving cytosine in the transcribed strand were G.C --> T.A transversions exclusively. G.C --> A.T transitions made up a much smaller fraction of the substitutions than in normal cells (P < 0.02), and all of them involved photoproducts located in the nontranscribed strand. The data strongly suggest that XP variant cells are much less likely than normal cells to incorporate either dAMP or dGMP opposite the pyrimidines involved in photoproducts. This would account for their significantly higher frequency of mutants and might explain their abnormal delay in replicating a UV-damaged template.
‘Bad Boys’’ Bodies: The Embodiment of Troubled Lives. Body Image and Disordered Eating Among Adolescents in Residential Childcare Institutions

Children residing in care (hereafter referred to as childcare residents) are a risk-group for emotional disturbances and behaviour problems. Based on existing knowledge of risk factors one would also expect this population to be a high-risk group for eating disorders and related body-image disorders. The objective of this study was to describe pathological eating behaviour, dysfunctional body focusing and psychological symptoms in a sample of childcare residents compared with a non-clinical sample. Sixty-one childcare residents (aged 14-21 years, mean 16.2) and a non-clinical comparison group ( n = 196) completed the Eating Disorders Inventory - Child version (EDI-C). The childcare residents also completed an extended questionnaire, including questions regarding the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Our main findings were high scores on EDI-C symptom scales for boys in the childcare resident group; few differences between girls in the two samples; and a high frequency of having used anabolic-androgenic steroids among boys in care. Body-image problems among boys have hitherto been given little attention. The results call for increased efforts in describing and detecting pathological cognitions, emotions and behaviour concerning the body in males in general and, more specifically, in high-risk male groups, such as childcare residents.
The Relationship Between Self-Estimated and Test-Derived Scores of Personality and Intelligence

A total of 101 university students completed the full NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1992), assessing the five super-traits (domains) and 30 primary traits (facets), followed by four different cognitive ability tests. Two months later (before receiving feedback on their psychometric scores), they had estimated their own scores on all these variables (personality traits and ability tests), as well as that of a known friend. Results at the Big Five super-factor (domain) level indicated that participants could significantly predict/estimate all their own big five scores, particularly Neuroticism (r = .60). Correlations between estimates of their own intelligence scores and test-derived scores ranged from r = . 51 to r = . 59. They were, as predicted, much less successful in predicting their friend's scores. At the primary factor (facet) level, participants seemed best at predicting their six Neuroticism scores and less good predicting their six Agreeableness scores. A series of regressions looked at the extent to w.
Altered Xylem-Phloem Transfer of Amino Acids Affects Metabolism and Leads to Increased Seed Yield and Oil Content in Arabidopsis[W]

This work examines the amino acid transporter AAP2, which localizes to the phloem throughout the plant and is key for amino acid transfer from the xylem-phloem; mutants in AAP2 perturb nitrogen-carbon balance in the seed, affect leaf metabolism and development, and increase seed yield and oil content. Seed development and nitrogen (N) storage depend on delivery of amino acids to seed sinks. For efficient translocation to seeds, amino acids are loaded into the phloem in source leaves and along the long distance transport pathway through xylem-phloem transfer. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana AMINO ACID PERMEASE2 (AAP2) localizes to the phloem throughout the plant. AAP2 T-DNA insertion lines showed changes in source-sink translocation of amino acids and a decrease in the amount of seed total N and storage proteins, supporting AAP2 function in phloem loading and amino acid distribution to the embryo. Interestingly, in aap2 seeds, total carbon (C) levels were unchanged, while fatty acid levels were elevated. Moreover, branch and silique numbers per plant and seed yield were strongly increased. This suggests changes in N and C delivery to sinks and subsequent modulations of sink development and seed metabolism. This is supported by tracer experiments, expression studies of genes of N/C transport and metabolism in source and sink, and by phenotypic and metabolite analyses of aap2 plants. Thus, AAP2 is key for xylem to phloem transfer and sink N and C supply; moreover, modifications of N allocation can positively affect C assimilation and source-sink transport and benefit sink development and oil yield.
Fairness Overrides Group Bias in Children’s Second-Party Punishment

Adults and children show ingroup favoritism in their 3rd-party punishment of cooperative norm violations, suggesting that group loyalty importantly shapes enforcement of cooperation. Ingroup favoritism additionally influences punishment of unfairness in the 2-party ultimatum game, in which people are directly affected by unfair behavior. However, the directionality of this relationship is unclear: In some cases, people are more forgiving of ingroup unfairness, whereas in others they are less forgiving. Here we aim to disambiguate this relationship by studying its origins in development, asking whether ingroup favoritism influences children’s offers to others and whether it affects their responses to being treated unfairly. Six- to 10-year-olds played a group-based ultimatum game after being assigned to minimal groups and made proposals to—and responded to offers from—members of their in- and outgroups. We tested children’s real bargaining behavior in the absence of deception. Results showed that, regardless of group membership, children’s primary concern lay with fairness: Participants regularly offered equal splits and were more likely to reject unfair offers than fair offers. Consistent with past work, older children made more generous proposals than did younger children. Although our group manipulation successfully induced ingroup bias in participants, neither children’s proposals nor responses were influenced by group membership. This suggests that second-party punishment of fairness norm violations is unbiased early in development and points to the potentially important role of experience with different groups in shaping later emerging bias in norm enforcement. We discuss implications for theories regarding when and to what extent group bias influences cooperation.
Effects of Epidural Fentanyl on Speed and Quality of Block for Emergency Cesarean Section in Extending Continuous Epidural Labor Analgesia Using Ropivacaine and Fentanyl

We performed a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study comparing the top-up effects of 2% lidocaine/100 µg fentanyl/epinephrine (n=31) and 2% lidocaine/saline/epinephrine (n=30) when extending an epidural labor analgesia using low-dose ropivacaine and fentanyl. Survival analysis for the sensory blocks to the T4 level showed no statistically significant differences in onset time to T4 between the 2 groups. Onset times (min) to T4-sensory blocks for cold and pinprick were not different between the two groups. However, median maximum sensory level in the lidocaine-fentanyl group (T1 for cold and T2 for pinprick) was significantly higher than that in the lidocaine-saline group (T3 and T4, respectively). The lidocaine-fentanyl group exhibited less visceral pain (6.5% vs. 36.7%), less supplementation of lidocaine (6.5% vs. 43.3%), and less nausea (6.5% vs. 26.7%) compared with the lidocaine-saline group during the intraoperative period. It is concluded that adding fentanyl to 2% lidocaine does not speed up the onset of the block when the onset is tested with cold or sharp pinprick but improves the quality of analgesia with fewer side effects in emergency top-up for cesarean section.
Quantity, Quality, and Depth of Research as Influences on Scientific Eminence: Is Quantity Most Important?

There can be little doubt that in decisions of academic hiring, tenure, and the awarding of grant support the evaluation of quantity and quality of publication plays a major role. However, the question remains as to which matters more, quantity or quality. Furthermore, does quantity predict quality, and does publishing deeply rather than broadly predict scientific recognition? These questions were addressed by collecting publication (quantity) and citation (quality/impact) data on a relatively elite sample of 99 physicists, chemists, and biologists from major American research universities. Quantity and impact of research were positively related, and although both predicted global eminence, quantity accounted for 37% more variance once impact was statistically controlled. Zero-order correlations suggested that publishing deeply rather than broadly predicted global eminence, and yet holding quantity of publication constant resulted in a non-significant relation between depth and eminence. In short, the cor.
The Human in the Machine: Reflections on mentoring at the British Open University

Mentoring has had a key role in the British Open University's intricate distance education system for more than 30 years. However, it has changed very substantially as the system's technology has changed. In this article, after providing some definitions, I review the early history and the changes that have put mentoring online. I describe my own experience as a tutor in the university's online MA in Open and Distance Education, and explain Salmon's model for e-moderating (e-mentoring) developed in the university's Business School. Finally, I reflect on mentoring online today: what is essential for us to understand is how the best of 'old-fashioned' mentoring face-to-face can be built into online mentoring together with the best of what the technology enables us to do. Mentors must learn to weave ideas online, with their students, empowering them to do likewise. The mentor, 'the human in the machine', is indispensable.
Risk-Taking Reproductive Competition Explains National Murder Rates Better Than Socioeconomic Inequality

This article presents evidence that national murder rates are not well explained as a function of socioeconomic inequality; risk-taking reproductive competition (RTRC) provides a better explanation. RTRC is a single nation-level dimension, measurable through national road death tolls, adolescent fertility rates, and Gini coefficients (thus, socioeconomic inequality is just one facet of it). RTRC explains 50% of the variance in national differences in murder rates— far more than Gini coefficients alone. RTRC correlates highly with national values that explicitly reflect full approval of interpersonal competition as well as perceptions of full life control (being free to act as one pleases). Respondents from societies that score higher on RTRC tend to perceive their fellow citizens as more emotional, impulsive, and lacking deliberation. The author discusses the origins of the national differences in RTRC and he proposes that high-scoring countries do not have a long history of intensive agriculture.
Protective effects of the flavonoid quercetin in chronic nitric oxide deficient rats

Objectives The present study analysed, for the first time, the effects of the flavonoid quercetin in rats after chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Design Rats were divided randomly into five different treatment groups for 6 weeks: (1) vehicle (control, 1 ml of 1% methylcellulose once daily); (2) vehicle plus l-NAME (75 mg/100 ml in drinking water); (3) quercetin (10 mg/kg p.o. once daily); (4) quercetin (5 mg/kg p.o.) plus l-NAME; and (5) quercetin (10 mg/kg p.o.) plus l-NAME. Methods The evolution of systolic blood pressure, morphological variables, proteinuria, plasma malondialdehyde and nitrite and nitrate concentrations, hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde content, glutathione enzymes activity and vascular reactivity at the end of the experiment were analysed. Results Quercetin markedly inhibited the development of l-NAME-induced hypertension. This effect was accompanied by a partial or full prevention of most of the effects induced by l-NAME, such as: (1) increases in the left ventricular and kidney weight indices; (2) proteinuria; (3) renal histological lesions, including hyaline arteriopathy and thickening of the vascular wall with moderate decrease of the lumen; (4) increased endothelium-dependent contraction; (5) increased vascular thromboxane B2 (TXB2) synthesis; (6) reduced plasma concentrations of nitrites plus nitrates (NOx); (7) increased plasma and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations; and (8) reduced glutathione peroxidase activity. In most cases these effects were dose dependent, but none of them were observed in normotensive animals. Conclusions This study confirms and extends the previous evidence about the antihypertensive effects and end-organ protection of the flavonoid quercetin in animal models of hypertension.
Inhibitory synchronization of bursting in biological neurons: dependence on synaptic time constant.

Using the dynamic clamp technique, we investigated the effects of varying the time constant of mutual synaptic inhibition on the synchronization of bursting biological neurons. For this purpose, we constructed artificial half-center circuits by inserting simulated reciprocal inhibitory synapses between identified neurons of the pyloric circuit in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. With natural synaptic interactions blocked (but modulatory inputs retained), these neurons generated independent, repetitive bursts of spikes with cycle period durations of approximately 1 s. After coupling the neurons with simulated reciprocal inhibition, we selectively varied the time constant governing the rate of synaptic activation and deactivation. At time constants <or=100 ms, bursting was coordinated in an alternating (anti-phase) rhythm. At longer time constants (>400 ms), bursts became phase-locked in a fully overlapping pattern with little or no phase lag and a shorter period. During the in-phase bursting, the higher-frequency spiking activity was not synchronized. If the circuit lacked a robust periodic burster, increasing the time constant evoked a sharp transition from out-of-phase oscillations to in-phase oscillations with associated intermittent phase-jumping. When a coupled periodic burster neuron was present (on one side of the half-center circuit), the transition was more gradual. We conclude that the magnitude and stability of phase differences between mutually inhibitory neurons varies with the ratio of burst cycle period duration to synaptic time constant and that cellular bursting (whether periodic or irregular) can adopt in-phase coordination when inhibitory synaptic currents are sufficiently slow.