Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propuesta de competencias para el Ingeniero de Organización en el contexto de los nuevos planes de estudio

There are several aspects that determine the engineering education, that must be taken into account in developing the curriculum within the context of the European Higher Education Area. These curriculums are documents that reflect, among other things, what to learn, how to learn and evaluate what is learned, and when, in what sequence, should to be learned. In this communication we focus on what skills, attitudes and values should be learned in the bachelor degree of Industrial Engineering. We conducted an extensive review of literature, read in depth 38 references and 3 focus groups. These activities have enabled us to identify a sequence of curriculum development and 2 views of the profession. From this point we have raised the domain of future graduates and we have proposed 14 competencies, broken down into 53 skills training objectives.
Voluntary Disclosure Research: Which Theory Is Relevant?

The purpose of this paper is to overview the most popular theories that have been used in prior research to explain voluntary corporate disclosures and to provide guidance about the choice of a suitable theory or theories for different types of voluntary disclosure research. It presents a comprehensive comparison of voluntary disclosure theories and relates each of the theories to the type of information disclosure being examined. Following prior research, we classify disclosures into strategic and forward looking, financial, and non-financial information. We show that similarities and differences between theories stem from underlying paradigm differences which are related to incentives to disclose and the costs and benefits considered by each theory. The choice of a suitable theory to underpin the research depends on the type of information disclosure being examined and the external parties considered.
The role of macrophages and eosinophils in reactive lesions of the oral cavity

Background: Many studies have reported that macrophages and eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing macrophages and eosinophils in oral reactive lesions. Aims: In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of macrophages and eosinophils to the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions and the relationships between these biomarkers and the diverse histopathologic features. Methods: Seventy-five paraffin-embedded tissue samples were assessed in this study. Five categories (15 cases for each group), including peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and peripheral giant-cell granuloma, were considered. Anti-CD68 immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out. Results: We found that macrophages, but not eosinophils, were a significant internal component of oral reactive lesions. Macrophages were observed in high densities in all studied groups and diffusely distributed or clustered throughout these lesions. The number of macrophages was increased in peripheral giant-cell granuloma compared with other groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis and the variation of microscopic features of oral reactive lesions. However, further clinical studies should be conducted to identify the biological process behind macrophages and the molecular interactions of these cells, with the ultimate aim of suggesting a new potential therapeutic target for these lesions. We found that eosinophils were not involved in the fibrotic process and the variation of microscopic features in oral reactive lesions. Our results showed that peripheral giant-cell granulomas highly demonstrated histiocytic characteristics.
A Neural Transition-Based Approach for Semantic Dependency Graph Parsing

Semantic dependency graph has been recently proposed as an extension of tree-structured syntactic or semantic representation for natural language sentences. It particularly features the structural property of multi-head, which allows nodes to have multiple heads, resulting in a directed acyclic graph(DAG) parsing problem. Yet most statistical parsers focused exclusively on shallow bi-lexical tree structures, DAG parsing remains under-explored. In this paper, we propose a neural transition-based parser, using a variant of list-based arc-eager transition algorithm for dependency graph parsing. Particularly, two non-trivial improvements are proposed for representing the key components of the transition system, to better capture the semantics of segments and internal sub-graph structures. We test our parser on the SemEval-2016 Task 9 dataset (Chinese) and the SemEval-2015 Task 18 dataset (English). On both benchmark datasets, we obtain superior or comparable results to the best performing systems. Our parser can be further improved with a simple ensemble mechanism, resulting in the state-of-the-art performance.
Auxin Efflux Carrier ZmPGP1 Mediates Root Growth Inhibition under Aluminum Stress1[OPEN]

ZmPGP1 controls local auxin accumulation in root tips and regulates root growth under Al stress in maize. Auxin has been shown to enhance root growth inhibition under aluminum (Al) stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, in maize (Zea mays), auxin may play a negative role in the Al-induced inhibition of root growth. In this study, we identified mutants deficient in the maize auxin efflux carrier P-glycoprotein (ZmPGP1) after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and used them to elucidate the contribution of ZmPGP1 to Al-induced root growth inhibition. Root growth in the zmpgp1 mutant, which forms shortened roots and is hyposensitive to auxin, was less inhibited by Al stress than that in the inbred line B73. In the zmpgp1 mutants, the root tips displayed higher auxin accumulation and enhanced auxin signaling under Al stress, which was also consistent with the increased expression of auxin-responsive genes. Based on the behavior of the auxin-responsive marker transgene, DR5rev:RFP, we concluded that Al stress reduced the level of auxin in the root tip, which contrasts with the tendency of Al stress-induced Arabidopsis plants to accumulate more auxin in their root tips. In addition, Al stress induced the expression of ZmPGP1. Therefore, in maize, Al stress is associated with reduced auxin accumulation in root tips, a process that is regulated by ZmPGP1 and thus causes inhibition of root growth. This study provides further evidence about the role of auxin and auxin polar transport in Al-induced root growth regulation in maize.
Managing learning in the refrigerator industry: Evidence from a firm-level study in Brazil

Summary This paper focuses on some of the implications of intra-firm learning processes for the manner of firm-level technological capability accumulation in the context of an industrializing – or latecomer – economy. This relationship is empirically examined in a refrigerator maker firm – a subsidiary of a large trans-national group – during the 1980-2003 period. Despite the profusion of studies on these two issues, there still is a small number of firm-level empirical studies that explore the relationship between them on a long-term and in-depth basis, particularly in the latecomer context. Based on a single-case study design, this study draws from first-hand empirical evidence gathered through multiple sources over one-year fieldwork. The tailored framework for capability accumulation identifies two technological functions: process and production organisation and product-centred activities. The framework for learning identifies four learning processes (external and internal knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge codification), examined in the light of three features: variety, intensity, and functioning. This study contributes to deepening the understanding of how various learning processes influence the manner of technological capability-accumulation paths within the latecomer firm. Additionally, in terms of methodological contribution, this paper applies innovative and comprehensive frameworks to measure technological capabilities and the role of the underlying learning processes. Finally, the evidence in this study contradicts certain common generalizations relative to technological development in the industry in Brazil.
Third sector commissioning and English local government procurement

This article investigates third sector commissioning policy commitments and their relevance to English local government procurement. The conclusion is that there is confusion regarding the differences between commissioning and procurement. Policy commitments are not properly embedded in procurement policy, strategy, procedures and performance management. Other countries with an interest in these policy developments should take note of the issues regarding embedding in order to improve service delivery and commissioning decisions.
Structural and Functional Brain Mapping Correlates of Impaired Eye Movement Control in Parkinsonian Syndromes: A Systems-Based Concept

The investigation of the human oculomotor system by eye movement recordings provides an approach to behavior and its alterations in disease. The neurodegenerative process underlying parkinsonian syndromes, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multisystem atrophy (MSA) changes structural and functional brain organization, and thus affects eye movement control in a characteristic manner. Video-oculography has been established as a non-invasive recording device for eye movements, and systematic investigations of eye movement control in a clinical framework have emerged as a functional diagnostic tool in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Disease-specific brain atrophy in parkinsonian syndromes has been reported for decades, these findings were refined by studies utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and task-based/task-free functional MRI—both MRI techniques revealed disease-specific patterns of altered structural and functional brain organization. Here, characteristic disturbances of eye movement control in parkinsonian syndromes and their correlations with the structural and functional brain network alterations are reviewed. On this basis, we discuss the growing field of graph-based network analysis of the structural and functional connectome as a promising candidate for explaining abnormal phenotypes of eye movement control at the network level, both in health and in disease.
Erratum: Macroeconomic Effects of Financial Shocks

"Covas and den Haan (2011) find a procyclical pattern for debt issuance (consis tent with the countercyclicality of our debt repurchases) but the cyclical pattern for the 'aggregate' measure of equity issuance depends on the particular definition of equity issuance. When they use their preferred measure based on the change in the book value of equity (with or without subtracting dividends), they find a positive correlation with GDP. However, when they use the sales of stock net of share repur chases, they find a negative correlation with GDP (consistent with our procyclical equity payouts). See their Table 5. "
CULTURAL HERITAGE BETWEEN CENTRALISATION AND DECENTRALISATION

Management of Italy's heritage has been in increasing turmoil since 1993. This paper identifies and reviews significant reform attempts, including outsourcing, devolution, managerialism and privatisation. The authors propose a framework for improved understanding of the various solutions examined – distinguishing between professional and organisational centralisation. It is argued that while decentralised organisational management can have positive effects, effective protection of heritage in Italy over the centuries has depended on a complex set of rules concerning stewardship and protection, relying upon centralised professional control. This still has positive value and needs to be preserved through the reform process.
Company or Trade Union: Which Wins Workers' Allegiance? A Study of Commitment in the UK Electronics Industry

A particular dimension of organisational commitment, namely identity of workers with the values and decisions of an organisation was explored with 716 employees in three electronics plants; 46 per cent belonged to trade unions. The study examined the extent, the causes and the consequences of dual allegiance to company and union, single allegiance to one or allegiance to neither. Less than 10 per cent displayed dual allegiance and a majority displayed allegiance to neither organisation. The best predictors of allegiance were perceptions of trade union performance and job satisfaction. Those showing dual allegiance also indicated lowest propensity to leave the company. These results, from a key sector of manufacturing industry, show little evidence of high employee involvement. The most typical response would appear to be: ‘a plague on both your houses’.
Investment versus Economic Growth

In classical economic thinking labor was considered a factor of production whose productive powers can be increased primarily through specialization and the use of more capital, rather than through an increase in labor's own capacity and incentives. Labor was looked on as undifferentiated work power; conspicuous socioeconomic classes received income flows that could be roughly identified with wages, profits, and rents. The traditional emphasis is represented today in variants on the form P = f(T,L,K), where T is a measure of productivity of all inputs, L is quantity of labor, and K quantity of capital. Natural resources (the classical "land") are taken for granted or included in capital. Variants on the model introduce time lags, divide capital and labor into their varieties, reason about substitution possibilities, and analyze dynamic sequences. The focus of attention remains on increasing one or more of these three determinants of production, among them especially capital, seen as more amenable to policy influences than the others. Growth in production is often visualized as the outcome of a saving rate and a fairly stable aggregate capital-output ratio.
Women without Class: Girls, Race, and Identity

Acknowledgments Introduction to the 2014 Edition 1. Portraying Waretown High 2. Women without Class 3. How Working-Class Chicas Get Working-Class Lives 4. Hard-Living Habitus, Settled-Living Resentment 5. Border Work between Classes 6. Sameness, Difference, and Alliance 7. Conclusion Notes References Index
Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting.

The z-score classification system was used to assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting in 630 children under 6 years of age from two urban slums in Delhi, India. Z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height were calculated with US National Center for Health Statistics reference data as standards. According to the weight-for-age criteria, 57.6% of children were undernourished and 20.3% fell under Grade II of z-score scales. 53.0% of children were stunted and 22.5% were wasted. Stunting was most prevalent in the 48-59 month age group, while underweight occurred most often among children 24-35 months old and the highest prevalence of wasting was observed in the second year of life. An analysis of 24-hour dietary intake recall data on a subsample of 225 children revealed that the underweight, wasted, and stunted children had significantly lower energy and protein intakes than normal children (p 0.05). This study demonstrates that the z-score classification system, recommended by the World Health Organization for assessing the nutritional status of preschool children, is a feasible methodology in this population.
Why is group-based pay perceived as meaningful, meaningless or negative? Exploring the meanings of pay suggested by reflection theory

This study explored the propositions of the reflection theory of pay [Thierry (2001), Work Motivation in the Context of a Globalizing Economy, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 149–166]. The theory is grounded in theories of individual motivation. However, in a group-based pay context more socially oriented motivational factors may also play a role. In addition, the theory does not take into account that pay may have negative meanings. In this study, we have adopted a qualitative approach to improve the understanding of what meanings group-based pay may have. The research questions were the following: (1) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived as meaningful, (2) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived as meaningless and (3) why is group-based result-oriented pay perceived to have a negative meaning. To study the meanings attached to group-based pay, we conducted 29 focus group interviews (88 employees) in six municipal organizations in Finland. The results showed that the reasons for perceiving group-based pay as meaningful were related to the value of money, compensation for performance, the positive messages signalled by the pay and positive outcomes. On the other hand, when pay was perceived as meaningless, the arguments were related to the weak instrumentality of money, weak links between performance and pay, incompatibility and lack of knowledge. The negative meanings were related to negative message conveyed by the pay and its outcomes. When these results were compared with four meanings proposed by reflection theory, all four categories were found in the speech of the interviewees. In addition, two new categories were found and designated as ‘messages’ and ‘outcomes’. These new categories were theoretically linked to social identity theory.
Intervention to Increase Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Brazil

these patients were also had strains resistant to mupirocin and that this could potentially account for the high number of recurrences of colonization seen in our study population. Thus, it is possible that our study underestimates the potential benefit of mupirocin treatment for other patient populations colonized with CA-MRSA. Further studies are needed to help clarify the potential benefit of mupirocin treatment for nasal decolonization among patients with CA-MRSA nasal carriage.
The perceived impact of JIT implementation on operations performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived impact of just‐in‐time (JIT) implementation on operations performance, identify the relationship between elements of JIT (integrated and individual) and performance metrics, and based on the results, present some helpful suggests for improving JIT implementation in manufacturing industry.Design/methodology/approach – Framework and hypotheses based on literature review were first constructed, then a questionnaire was developed to collect data from mainland China; in total, 224 information responses were obtained, then statistical analysis was carried out to test the hypotheses. Based on the data analysis results, conclusion and managerial insight were summarized.Findings – Results show that, no matter what kind of industry or scale of sale of the firm, implementation of an aggregate bundle of JIT elements can improve production operations performance. However, for individual elements of JIT, their impacts are different; some basic elements.
Non-linear effects of the U.S. Monetary Policy in the Long Run

We find non-linearities in the U.S. long-run relationships among trend inflation, growth rate and financial frictions. Moreover, our results show that mismeasurements of the natural rate of interest deviate the trend inflation from its target, which is especially clear when monetary policy reacts preventively against inflation deviations. The long-run growth rate, the trend inflation and the natural rate of interest, specified as time-varying, are jointly estimated over the period 1960:Q1-2013:Q2 by applying the Kalman filter, following mainly Laubach and Williams (2003).
Order, Conflict, and Violence: Promises and pitfalls of an emerging research program: the microdynamics of civil war

The study of civil war ranks among the most notable developments in political science during the last decade. Several important papers have been published in this period and the field has witnessed an important shift toward cross-national, large-N econometric studies (e.g. Collier and Hoeffler 2004; Fearon and Laitin 2003), following a previous shift from the case-study format to that of theoretically informed studies (Wickham-Crowley 1992; Skocpol 1979; Scott 1976; Eckstein 1965). However, despite these advances much remains to be understood. On the one hand, the conceptual foundations of our understanding of civil wars are still weak (Kalyvas 2001; 2003; Cramer 2002); on the other hand, econometric studies have produced very little in terms of robust results – the main one being that, like autocratic regimes (Przeworski et al . 2000), civil wars are more likely to occur in poor countries. The problems of econometric studies are well known: their main findings are incredibly sensitive to coding and measurement procedures (Hegre and Sambanis 2006; Montalvo and Reynal-Querol 2005; Sambanis 2004b); they entail a considerable distance between theoretical constructs and proxies (Cederman and Girardin 2007; Fearon et al . 2007) as well as multiple observationally equivalent pathways (Kalyvas 2007; Humphreys 2005; Kocher 2004; Sambanis 2004a); they suffer from endogeneity (Miguel et al . 2004); they lack clear microfoundations or are based on erroneous ones (Cramer 2007; Kalyvas and Kocher 2007b; Gutierrez Sanin 2004); and, finally, they are subject to narrow (and untheorized) scope conditions (Wimmer and Min 2006).
External Recruitment versus Internal Promotion

This article analyzes the choice between internal promotion and external recruitment within the framework of an economic contest. Opening up the competition for a position to external candidates reduces the chance of promotion for existing workers and therefore their incentive to work. Increasing the prize for winning can maintain incentives but is limited by moral hazard and potentially disruptive office politics. Alternatively, a competitive handicap can be awarded to existing workers to boost their chances. This strategy is consistent with the general observation that an external candidate is recruited only if she is significantly superior to the internal contestants.
The preclinical discovery and development of cariprazine for the treatment of schizophrenia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cariprazine is approved in the United States and Europe for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder and for the treatment of schizophrenia in adult patients. It is typically administered orally once a day (a dose range 1.5 – 6 mg/day), does require titration, and may be given with or without food. It has a half-life of 2 – 4 days with an active metabolite that has a terminal half-life of 2 – 3 weeks. Areas covered: This review article focuses on the preclinical discovery of cariprazine providing details regarding its pharmacological, behavioral, and neurochemical mechanisms and its contribution to clinical therapeutic benefits. This article is based on the available literature with respect to the preclinical and clinical findings and product labels of cariprazine. Expert opinion: Cariprazine shows highest affinity toward D3 receptors, followed by D2, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT1A receptors. It also shows moderate affinity toward σ1, 5-HT2A, and histamine H1 receptors. Long-term administration of cariprazine altered the abundance of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate receptor subtypes in different brain regions. All these mechanisms of cariprazine may contribute toward its unique preclinical profile and its clinically observed benefits in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and possibly other psychiatric disorders.