Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Öğretmen Algılarına Göre İlköğretim Okulu Müdürlerinin Öğretim Liderliği Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Bu arastirmanin amaci, ogretmen algilarina gore ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin ogretim liderligi davranislarinin alt boyutlarini ve genel ogretim liderligi davranislarini gosterme duzeylerini belirlemektir. Arastirmanin orneklemini, Manisa ilinden random yontemiyle secilen; Manisa Merkez Ilce, Akhisar, Kirkagac ve Gordes ilcelerinde bulunan kamu ilkogretim okullarinda calisan 410 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada elde edilen veriler SPSS.15 paket programi ile cozumlenmistir. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma gibi basit istatistiksel yontemler kullanilmistir. Arastirmada, ogretmen algilarina gore ilkogretim okulu mudurlerinin “okulun misyonunu tanimlama davranislarini”, “egitim programini ve ogretimi yonetme davranislarini”, “ogrenme iklimini gelistirme davranislarini” ve “genel ogretim liderligi davranislarini” ‘’cogunlukla’’ duzeyinde gosterdikleri sonucuna ulasilmistir.
Perception of Risk and the Attribution of Responsibility for Accidents

Accidents, one often hears, “happen”; we accept, and even expect, that they will be part of daily life. But in situations in which injury or death result, judgments of responsibility become critical. How might our perceptions of risk influence the ways in which we allocate responsibility for an accident? Drawing from attribution and risk perception theory, this study investigates how perceived controllability and desirability of risk, in addition to perceived danger and recreational risk‐taking, relate to attributions of responsibility for the cause of unintentional injury in a unique setting: U.S. national parks. Three parks, Mount Rainier, Olympic, and Delaware Water Gap, provide the setting for this survey‐based study, which considers how park visitors (N = 447) attribute responsibility for the cause of a hypothetical visitor accident. Results suggest that respondents tended to make more internal (i.e., related to characteristics of the victim), rather than external (i.e., related to characteristics of the park, or park management) attributions. As respondents viewed park‐related risk as controllable, they were more likely to attribute the cause of the accident to the victim. Moreover, among other significant variables, having experienced a similar accident predicted lower internal causal attribution. Opportunities for future research linking risk perception and attribution variables, as well as practical implications for the management of public outdoor settings, are presented.
Pet ownership as a meaningful community occupation for people with serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVE We determined the proportion of pet owners and non-pet owners with serious mental illness, compared their characteristics and their motivations for owning or not owning a pet, and examined the relationship between pet ownership and engagement in meaningful activity and three dimensions of community integration. METHOD Three Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams reported on the pet ownership of all service recipients (N = 204). Of these recipients, 60 completed a survey. Nonparametric tests were selected for data analysis. RESULTS Of 204 ACT clients, 38 (18.6%) were pet owners. Twenty-tour (63.2%) of 38 responding non-pet owners desired to live with a pet. There were significant differences between groups on diagnosis, gender, a global measure of function, meaningful activity, and psychological integration. CONCLUSION The key finding supports the hypothesis that pet owners with serious mental illness living in the community demonstrate higher social community integration. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Relationships between neighbourhood environments and residents’ bicycle mode choice: a case study of Seoul

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of neighbourhood environments affecting residents’ bicycle mode choice through a case study of Seoul. In this study, neighbourhood environments and other socio-demographic factors were used as explanatory variables in a causal model. The main data source used for this research was the 2006 Household Travel Survey, from which 214,978 observations were selected as the final sample. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying the random intercept logit model. The results of analysing the factors that affect the residents’ bicycle mode choice can be summarized as follows: first, the gender, income, occupation, vehicle ownership status, and residential type have statistically significant correlations with the bicycle mode choice. In addition, the travel time and travel distance affect the bicycle mode choice. Second, a high level of land use mix results in more bicycle travel. However, unlike what is shown in previous western studies, residential density does not have a significant correlation with bicycle travel. Third, the density of bicycle lanes has an effect on the bicycle mode choice, which shows that accessibility to bicycle lanes is an important planning factor in activating bike travel. Fourth, gradients are one of the important factors that affect the bicycle mode choice because residents use bicycles less in regions with steep slopes. Fifth, analysing the destination, like the origin, the land use mix, and bicycle lane density, was found to affect the bicycle mode choice.
Market Uncertainty and the Social Character of Economic Exchange

The author is indebted to Bill Barnett, Jim Baron, Jon Bendor, Beth Benjamin, Michael Hannan, Pamela Haunschild, Marshall Meyer, Jeffrey Pfeffer, Werner Raub, Toby Stuart, and three anonymous ASQ referees for comments on earlier versions of this document. The author is also thankful for numerous suggestions made by seminar participants at the University of Utrecht, the University of Munich, and INSEAD. Generous financial support was provided by the Fletcher Jones Foundation and the Stanford Graduate School of Business's Financial Service Research Initiative. This paper proposes that organizations overcome problems of market uncertainty by adopting a principle of exclusivity in selecting exchange partners. This general proposition in turn implies two specific hypotheses. First, the greater the market uncertainty, the more that organizations engage in exchange relations with those with whom they have transacted in the past. Second, the greater the uncertainty, the more that organizations engage in transactions with those of similar status. A study of investment banking relationships in the investment grade and non-investment-grade debt markets from 1981 to 1987 provides support for the hypotheses. The implications of this analysis for stratification and concentration in the market are discussed. '
The Growth of Private Label Brands: A Worldwide Phenomenon?

In many countries, the growth of private label brands (PLBs) is negatively affecting manufacturer brands’ shares, though PLBs have yet to take hold in other markets. Numerous studies have identified factors leading to the success of PLBs in product categories, and yet little empirical research has investigated the factors underlying the variability of PLB shares across countries. This research examines country-level market structure factors—retail distribution structure, retailer typology, and logistic structure—to understand the differential success of PLBs across countries. The results indicate that these factors help explain the dispersion pattern of PLB penetration across 46 countries and that the distribution structure has the largest effect on PLB share, followed by the logistic structure and retailer typology in particular global discounters. The findings can enable manufacturer brand managers to better foresee whether specific countries represent fertile ground for internationalizing their brands or, contrarily, constitute bastions for brand manufacturers to protect their brands’ shares. The results also provide insights about the time frame over which PLB share development may pose a threat in different markets.
Proactive Deprioritization of Emotional Distractors Enhances Target Perception

There are many situations in which it is important to focus on a task in the face of emotional distraction. Yet, emotional distractors can impair our ability to report items that appear soon after them, an effect known as emotion-induced blindness (EIB). To what degree does it help to know about emotional distractors ahead of time? Can we deprioritize emotional distractors when forewarned that they will appear? To address this question, we tested whether participants could overcome EIB when forewarned about the nature of an emotional distractor. On each trial, participants searched for 1 target (a rotated picture) presented within a rapid serial visual stream of upright images. An aversive, erotic, or neutral distractor could precede the target by either 200 or 400 ms. At the start of some trials, participants were informed which kind of distractor would appear on that trial, but in other trials they received no advance information. Results revealed that the provision of distractor information significantly improved target perception as early as 200 ms following both aversive and erotic distractors. These results suggest that people can “brace themselves” in the service of an attentional task by proactively deprioritizing emotional distractors.
Interdependence of ASEAN-5 Stock Markets from the US and Japan

This study empirically examines market integration among five selected ASEAN (Association of South-east Asian Nations) emerging markets (i.e. Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore) and their interdependencies from the US and Japan based on a two-step estimation, cointegration and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Closing daily stock indices starting from 1 January 1988 to 31 December 2006 are used. The study reveals that the ASEAN stock markets are going towards a greater integration either among themselves or with the US and Japan, particularly in the post-1997 financial turmoil. This implies that the long-run diversification benefits that can be gained by investors across the ASEAN markets tend to diminish. As for the long run causal relations between ASEAN stock markets with the US and Japan, the study discovers that Indonesia was relatively independent of both the US and Japan; Malaysia was more dependent on Japan rather than the US; Thailand was relatively independent of the US, but to some extent dependent on Japan; the Philippines is more affected by the US than Japan; and the US and Japan have bidirectional Granger causalities with Singapore.
Urban Governance and Service Delivery in African Cities: The Role of Politics and Policies

type="main"> This is an introduction to a special issue sponsored by UNU-WIDER focusing on key governance challenges related to addressing gaps in urban service delivery in sub-Saharan Africa. First, due to decentralisation policies in much of Africa, the provision of services is often transferred to sub-national authorities. But complex layers of administration and high levels of poverty deprive local governments of adequate resources. Secondly, opposition parties now control a number of African cities, a situation known as ‘vertically-divided authority’. Consequently, central governments do not always have an incentive to help municipal governments improve their performance. Case studies of Senegal, South Africa and Uganda highlight how and when such dynamics become problematic for the delivery of urban services, and offer important implications for the donor community.
Collective leadership for cultures of high quality health care

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges that health care organizations face in nurturing and sustaining cultures that ensure the delivery of continually improving, high quality and compassionate care for patients and other service users. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an extensive review of the literature, the authors examine the current and very challenging context of health care and highlight the core cultural elements needed to enable health care organizations to respond effectively to the challenges identified. Findings – The role of leadership is found to be critical for nurturing high-quality care cultures. In particular, the authors focus on the construct of collective leadership and examine how this type of leadership style ensures that all staff take responsibility for ensuring high-quality care for patients. Practical implications – Climates for quality and safety can be accomplished by the development of strategies that ensure leaders, leadership skills and lead.
Bioinspired computation in combinatorial optimization: algorithms and their computational complexity

Bioinspired computation methods, such as evolutionary algorithms and ant colony optimization, are being applied successfully to complex engineering and combinatorial optimization problems, and it is very important that we understand the computational complexity of these algorithms. This tutorials explains the most important results achieved in this area. The presenters show how runtime behavior can be analyzed in a rigorous way, in particular for combinatorial optimization. They present well-known problems such as minimum spanning trees, shortest paths, maximum matching, and covering and scheduling problems. Classical single objective optimization is examined first. They then investigate the computational complexity of bioinspired computation applied to multiobjective variants of the considered combinatorial optimization problems, and in particular they show how multiobjective optimization can help to speed up bioinspired computation for single-objective optimization problems. The tutorial is based on a book written by the authors with the same title. Further information about the book can be found at www.bioinspiredcomputation. com.
Anti-viral activity of macrolide antibiotics 1 Azithromycin induces anti-viral responses in bronchial epithelial cells

The majority of asthma exacerbations are caused by rhinovirus. Currently the treatment of asthma exacerbations is inadequate. Previous evidence suggests that macrolide antibiotics have anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects however the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the anti-rhinoviral potential of macrolides through the induction of anti-viral gene mRNA and protein. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were pre-treated with the macrolides Azithromycin, Erythromycin and Telithromycin, and infected with minor group rhinovirus 1B and major group rhinovirus 16. The mRNA expression of the anti-viral genes, type I interferon-β and type III interferon-λ1, interferon-λ2/3, and interferon stimulated genes (retinoic acid inducible gene I, melanoma differentiation associated gene 5, oligoadenylate synthase, MxA and Viperin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8), and rhinovirus replication and release were measured. Azithromycin, but not Erythromycin or Telithromycin significantly increased rhinovirus 1B and 16 induced interferons and interferon stimulated gene mRNA expression and protein production. Furthermore, Azithromycin significantly reduced rhinovirus replication and release. Rhinovirus induced IL-6 and IL-8 protein and mRNA expression were not significantly reduced by Azithromycin pre-treatment. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that Azithromycin has anti-rhinoviral activity in bronchial epithelial cells, and during rhinovirus infection increases the production of interferon stimulated
Trends in Labor Force Transitions of Older Men and Women

We use the Current Population Survey to describe what we believe are the most salient aspects of labor force behavior of older men and women during the last 2 decades. First, we show that early retirement has increased dramatically, and this trend continued through the 1980s. Second, we show that the factors that most sharply distinguish propensities toward early retirement are those usually associated with low wages. Third, we show that trends in reduced participation for older men parallel those for younger men, while a pattern of increasing female participation is to be expected given the behavior of younger cohorts.
Survey Trust, Experimental Trust and ROSCA Membership in Rural Cameroon

We analyse new experimental and survey data from rural Cameroon, where the level of trust is much higher than is typical of Africa. We find the level of trust exhibited by individuals to be highly correlated with membership of Rotating Saving and Credit Associations. There is also a significant correlation between the degree of trust exhibited in the game and the degree of trust declared in response to survey questions. However, survey responses do not capture all of the systematic variation in experimental behaviour, and understate the importance of ROSCA membership in predicting trust.
Behavioral and Rational Explanations of Stock Price Performance around SEOs: Evidence from a Decomposition of Market-to-Book Ratios

Abstract We examine the extent to which investment opportunities and/or mispricing motivate equity issuance and contribute to post-issue stock underperformance. We decompose market-to-book ratios into misvaluation and growth option components and find that issuing firms are both overvalued and have greater growth opportunities relative to nonissuers. Firms with greater growth opportunities invest more in capital expenditures and research and development (R&D) after issuance but do not experience lower post-issue stock returns. In contrast, issuing firms with greater mispricing tend to decrease long-term debt and/or increase cash holdings and do earn lower returns. Our findings are consistent with behavioral explanations for post-issue stock price underperformance.
Psychological capital and performance of Portuguese civil servants: exploring neutralizers in the context of an appraisal system

The literature suggests that psychological capital (PsyCap: self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience) predicts work performance. Our case study, carried out in the context of a performance appraisal system (SIADAP) recently implemented in the Portuguese Public Administration, does not corroborate this prediction. In the research 278 civil servants self-reported their performance and PsyCap and their supervisor-rated performance scores according to the SIADAP procedures. The main findings are: (a) no PsyCap dimension predicts supervisor-rated performance; (b) PsyCap predicts 39% of the variance of self-reported performance; and (c) there is no significant relationship between self- and supervisor-rated performance. The findings call attention to SIADAP features that may neutralize the impact of PsyCap on individual performance, or even make it irrelevant. Alternatively, it is suggested that PsyCap influences performance, but the supervisor-rated performance scores do not reflect real worker performance, which means that the SIADAP may actually reward the ‘wrong’ workers.
Best voltage bias-flipping strategy towards maximum piezoelectric power generation

In piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems, energy extracted from piezoelectric structure can be increased by making piezoelectric voltage in phase with vibration velocity and raising the voltage amplitude. Such voltage manipulations can be realized by synchronously flipping the piezoelectric voltage with respect to a bias dc source at every displacement extremum. Given that net harvested energy is obtained by deducting dissipated energy from total extracted energy, a sophisticated voltage bias-flipping scheme, which can maximize extracted energy at low dissipative cost, is required towards harvested energy optimization. This paper extends the state of the art by proposing the best bias-flip strategy, which is delivered on conceptual synchronized multiple bias-flip (SMBF) interface circuits. The proposed strategy coordinates both requirements on larger voltage change in synchronized instant for more extracted energy and smaller voltage change in each bias-flip action for less dissipated energy. It not only leads to further enhancement of harvesting capability beyond existing solutions, but also provides an unprecedented physical insight on maximum achievable harvesting capability of PEH interface circuit.
On Minimizing Broadcast Completion Delay for Instantly Decodable Network Coding

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing the mean completion delay in wireless broadcast for instantly decodable network coding. We first formulate the problem as a stochastic shortest path (SSP) problem. Although finding the packet selection policy using SSP is intractable, we use this formulation to draw the theoretical properties of efficient selection algorithms. Based on these properties, we propose a simple online selection algorithm that efficiently minimizes the mean completion delay of a frame of broadcast packets, compared to the random and greedy selection algorithms with a similar computational complexity. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm indeed outperforms these random and greedy selection algorithms.
Preliminary Arabic normative data of neuropsychological tests: The verbal and design fluency

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to provide preliminary norms for three fluency tests in Arabic language: the verbal fluency (phonemic and semantic) and design fluency tests. Methods: Three Arabic letters have been chosen for the phonemic fluency task, in accordance with the letter selection procedure described in the development of the standard test. Animal fluency was chosen for the semantic fluency, and the Five-Point test for the design fluency test. Participants: An Arabic speaking sample of 215 healthy participants (125 male, 90 female), with age ranging from 18–59 years and with different educational levels, were selected for this study. Results: Age and education significantly influenced performance in the verbal phonemic and semantic tasks, but not in the design fluency test. No gender effect was found in any of the three tasks. The education effects were linear, while age effects appeared to be curvilinear. Conclusion: This pattern is congruent with that reported in the western literature. The implications of these results in relation to the development of Arabic norms were discussed. It was concluded that these tests could be used in an Arabic-speaking population with due considerations to the effects of age and education.
The determinants of voluntary financial disclosure by Swiss listed companies

The aim of this paper is to relate the extent of disclosure in the annual reports of Swiss listed companies to possible determinants representing agency and political costs. The choice of Switzerland is based on the fact that, prior to the implementation of the new company law on 1 July 1992 Swiss disclosure requirements were very low, so that the major part of the content of the annual report could be considered as voluntarily disclosed. The sample includes the 1991 annual report of 161 industrial and commercial firms. The extent of disclosure is measured by an index based on information whose disclosure is required by the Fourth and Seventh EU Directives. Independent variables are measures of company size, leverage, profitability, ownership structure, internationality, auditor's size, percentage of fixed assets and industry type. Relations are assessed using univariate analyses and multiple regressions. The main result is that size and internationality play a major role in the disclosure policy of firms, large and internationally diversified companies tending to disclose more information than small purely domestic enterprises.