Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What are the factors that shape the careers decisions of LSE students

This study examines the effects of culture on career decision making for students at the London School of Economics (LSE). There is an existing body of research which highlights the differences between individualist and collectivist cultures. However, it has been limited for international students based in the UK. At the LSE the majority of students are international so this presents a unique opportunity to carry out research into different cultures within one UK institution. The research seeks to identify differences and similarities between students from different continents. Firstly, it looks at whether they fit into the categories of individualists and collectivists and secondly if they fit with current theories of career development. The research approach is a quantitative study based on a questionnaire distributed online and completed by over 1300 students representing all six continents. The results reveal that there are many commonalities between students from different continents such as the importance of personal interest and parents. Whilst there are also differences it would seem that applying cultural stereotypes to international students at the LSE would not be appropriate. As the study is based at a single institution the research strategy used does not allow for wider generalisation but provides an important insight into the career decision making of international students.
A MIXTURE EVOLUTION SCENARIO OF THE AGN RADIO LUMINOSITY FUNCTION

We propose a mixture evolution scenario to model the evolution of the radio luminosity function (RLF) of steep-spectrum AGNs (active galactic nuclei), based on a Bayesian method. In this scenario, the shape of the RLF is determined by both the density and luminosity evolution. Our models indicate that the density evolution is positive until a redshift of ∼ 0.9 ? > , at which point it becomes negative, while the luminosity evolution is positive to a higher redshift ( z ∼ 5 ? > for model B and z ∼ 3.5 ? > for model C), where it becomes negative. Our mixture evolution model works well, and the modeled RLFs are in good agreement with previous determinations. The mixture evolution scenario can naturally explain the luminosity-dependent evolution of the RLFs.
In vivo effects of targeting CD79b with antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates

Antibodies directed against B cells are in use for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and autoimmune disorders. The B-cell–restricted surface antigen CD79b, a signaling component of the B-cell receptor, has been shown as a promising antibody target in mouse efficacy models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-CD79b antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), cytotoxic drugs linked through specialized chemical linkers to antibodies, are effective in mouse xenograft models of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We were interested in evaluating the systemic effects of anti-CD79b antibodies and ADCs in normal animals as a step toward the development of these molecules as therapeutics. As we were unable to identify any cell surface binding anti-human CD79b antibodies that were cross-reactive to other species, we developed an antibody to cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD79b (anti-cyCD79b). The anti-cynomolgus antibody, anti-cyCD79b (10D10), and the maytansine (tubulin inhibitor)–conjugated ADC, anti-cyCD79b (10D10)-MCC-DM1, were administered to cynomolgus monkeys at ∼30 mg/kg (6,000 μg DM1/m2) for two doses 3 weeks apart. Anti-cyCD79b and anti-cyCD79b-MCC-DM1 resulted in peripheral blood B-cell depletion of ∼65% and ∼94%, respectively. In addition, anti-cyCD79b-MCC-DM1 resulted in near-complete absence of splenic germinal centers, an observation supporting an effect on dividing B cells. Both molecules were well tolerated, with minimal findings for the antibody and findings for the ADC limited to the lymphoid and hematopoietic systems, liver, and peripheral nerves. These preclinical data suggest that targeting CD79b with antibodies or ADCs may provide safe and effective therapies for B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(10):2937–46]
Combining Statistical Evidence

The combination of evidence from independent studies has a curious history. The origins reach back at least to the beginning of the 20th century. Since the mid‐1970s, meta‐analysis has become popular in several fields, among them medical statistics and the behavioural sciences. The most widely used procedures were perfected in early papers, and subsequently, a kind of groupthink has taken hold of meta‐analysis. This explains the need for a review in a statistics journal, destined for a statistical audience. Meta‐analysis is not a hot research topic among graduate students in statistics, and by writing this article, we hope to change this. We wish to point out the shortcomings of the mainstream view and exhibit some of the open problems that await the attention of statistical researchers.
A Four-Stage Model of Mathematical Learning.

Research in education and applied psychology has produced a number of insights into how students think and learn, but all too often the resulting impact on actual classroom instruction is uneven and unpredictable (Sabelli & Dede, in press; Schoenfeld, 1999). In response, many in higher education are translating research in education into models of learning specific to their own disciplines (Buriak, McNurlen, & Harper, 1995; Felder, Woods, Stice, & Rugarcia, 2000; Jensen & Wood, 2000). These models in turn are used to reform teaching methods, to transform existing courses, and even to suggest new courses. Research in mathematics education has been no less productive (Schoenfeld, 2000). This article is in the spirit of those mentioned above, in that I combine personal observations and my interpretation of educational research into a model of mathematical learning. The result of this approach can be used to address issues such as the effective role of a teacher and appropriate uses of technology. That is, the model can be viewed as a tool that teachers can use to guide the development of curricular and instructional reform. Before presenting this model, however, let me offer this qualifier. In my opinion, good teaching begins with a genuine concern for students and an enthusiasm for the subject. Any benefits derived from this model are in addition to that concern and enthusiasm, for I believe that nothing can ever or should ever replace the invaluable and mutually beneficial teacher-student relationship.
Counselling training in social work in aotearoa New Zealand. Are we there yet

The role of counselling in social work has at times been contentious, but social workers often engage in counselling tasks. This article explores the results of two studies that have enquired into counselling in social work with a particular emphasis on the role of training for this practice. Results from these studies show that social workers at times do not feel adequately prepared by their qualifying social work training to conduct counselling within their work. Many have sought additional counselling training, and many indicated a desire for future or ongoing training. Potential models for training are proposed and possible impediments to further training are explored.
Simulation-based learning in management education: A longitudinal quasi-experimental evaluation of instructional effectiveness

Purpose – Proponents have argued that simulation-based learning (SBL) offers capabilities that respond to persisting critiques of management education. This research intended to provide additional empirical evidence for the instructional effectiveness of SBL. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This research adopted a quasi-experimental, multiple time series design to examine the instructional effectiveness of courses that incorporated computer simulations in a Master of Management program at a business school in Thailand. It compared student perceptions of three SBL courses with courses that used a variety of other instructional approaches over a period of seven years. Findings – Results revealed that students rated the SBL courses significantly higher on overall perceived instructional effectiveness, as manifested by action-directed learning, student engagement, quality of assessment and feedback, and instructor effectiveness. Research limitations/implications – The co.
Genomic Prediction of Testcross Performance in Canola (Brassica napus)

Genomic selection (GS) is a modern breeding approach where genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker profiles are simultaneously used to estimate performance of untested genotypes. In this study, the potential of genomic selection methods to predict testcross performance for hybrid canola breeding was applied for various agronomic traits based on genome-wide marker profiles. A total of 475 genetically diverse spring-type canola pollinator lines were genotyped at 24,403 single-copy, genome-wide SNP loci. In parallel, the 950 F1 testcross combinations between the pollinators and two representative testers were evaluated for a number of important agronomic traits including seedling emergence, days to flowering, lodging, oil yield and seed yield along with essential seed quality characters including seed oil content and seed glucosinolate content. A ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP) model was applied in combination with 500 cross-validations for each trait to predict testcross performance, both across the whole population as well as within individual subpopulations or clusters, based solely on SNP profiles. Subpopulations were determined using multidimensional scaling and K-means clustering. Genomic prediction accuracy across the whole population was highest for seed oil content (0.81) followed by oil yield (0.75) and lowest for seedling emergence (0.29). For seed yieId, seed glucosinolate, lodging resistance and days to onset of flowering (DTF), prediction accuracies were 0.45, 0.61, 0.39 and 0.56, respectively. Prediction accuracies could be increased for some traits by treating subpopulations separately; a strategy which only led to moderate improvements for some traits with low heritability, like seedling emergence. No useful or consistent increase in accuracy was obtained by inclusion of a population substructure covariate in the model. Testcross performance prediction using genome-wide SNP markers shows considerable potential for pre-selection of promising hybrid combinations prior to resource-intensive field testing over multiple locations and years.
Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro

Background and purpose Low-virulence implant infections are characterized by bacterial colonization of the implant with subsequent biofilm formation. In these cases, soft tissue biopsies often prove to be culture negative. Consequently, detachment of the causative adherent bacteria is crucial for correct microbiological diagnosis. Using an in vitro model, we compared 4 methods of biofilm sampling from metal surfaces. Methods Discs of titanium and steel were incubated in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Propionibacterium acnes in Mueller Hinton broth. Non-adherent bacteria were removed by repeated rinsing of the discs. 10 parallels of each disc were subjected to 1 of 4 methods for bacterial recovery: (A) sonication of the discs, (B) scraping of the discs using surgical blades followed by streaking of the blades onto agar plates, (C) scraping of the discs followed by vortex mixing of the surgical blades, and (D) scraping of the discs followed by sonication of the surgical blades. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed for each sampling method. Results With the exception of S. epidermidis on steel, sonication efficiently and reliably dislodged biofilm bacteria. The scraping methods employed did not detach bacteria embedded in biofilm. Interpretation Scraping of metal surfaces is not an adequate method for sampling of biofilm bacteria in vitro.
A hybrid architecture for automatic segmentation of speech waveforms

In the present work, we propose a hybrid architecture for automatic alignment of speech waveforms and their corresponding phone sequence. The proposed architecture does not exploit any phone boundary information. Our approach combines the efficiency of embedded training techniques and the high performance of isolated-unit training. Evaluating on the established for the task of phone segmentation TIMIT database, we achieved an accuracy of 83.56%, which corresponds to improving the baseline system's accuracy by 6.09 %.
Multicell cooperative base stations in presence of channel estimation errors

Cooperation between multicell base stations is a promising technique that has the potential to mitigate Inter- Cell Interference (ICI) and increase data rates without sacrificing additional frequency spectrum. Classical beamforming techniques have been used in order to eliminate the existing ICI and enhance the capacity of downlink cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission systems. However, a perfect knowledge of the Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitter is needed in order to perform an adequate beamforming such as the Block-Diagonalization preprocessing. In practice, this is not the case due to the presence of channel estimation errors. In this paper, we model this multicell cooperative system under the presence of channel estimation errors that are often neglected but that can significantly influence the obtained results. In addition, we consider a general framework where the power that is transmitted from the base stations to the mobile stations is not constrained to be identical. To ensure zero-ICI, the beamforming is deduced from the entire null space spanned by the signals transmitted by the other users. Then, we evaluate the sum rate expression and we propose efficient alternatives in order to improve it without coupling the beamforming and the power control processes. Simulation results are given to support our claims.
Measurement of Dam Deformations by Terrestrial Interferometric Techniques

In this paper the application of a novel non-contact GBInSAR sensor to the measurement of daily deformations of an arch-gravity dam is described. The sensor, named IBIS, is a Ku-band interferometric radar sensor apt to simultaneously monitor the displacement response of several points belonging to a large structure. Moreover, the possibility of scanning the monitored object with the radar sensor moving along a stable track enables to implement the interferometric SAR technique to improve the cross-range resolution in the direction parallel to the baseline. The presented application addresses the monitoring of the displacement of the dam due to an increasing load of the water basin during two days and to temperature change. The displacement results have been compared with the measurements obtained by a coordinatometer installed on the central section of the dam for validation purpose; a good agreement between innovative radar methods and well assessed monitoring sensors has been achieved.
Quality Meets Quantity: Case Studies, Conditional Probability, and Counterfactuals

In contrast to statistical methods, a number of case study methods—collectively referred to as Mill's methods, used by generations of social science researchers—only consider deterministic relationships. They do so to their detriment because heeding the basic lessons of statistical inference can prevent serious inferential errors. Of particular importance is the use of conditional probabilities to compare relevant counterfactuals. A prominent example of work using Mill's methods is Theda Skocpol's States and Social Revolutions. Barbara Geddes's widely assigned critique of Skocpol's claim of a causal relationship between foreign threat and social revolution is valid if this relationship is considered to be deterministic. If, however, we interpret Skocpol's hypothesized causal relationship to be probabilistic, Geddes's data support Skocpol's hypothesis. But Skocpol, unlike Geddes, failed to provide the data necessary to compare conditional probabilities. Also problematic for Skocpol is the fact that when one makes causal inferences, conditional probabilities are of interest only insofar as they provide information about relevant counterfactuals.Jasjeet S. Sekhon thanks Walter R. Mebane Jr., Henry Brady, Bear Braumoeller, Shigeo Hirano, Gary King, John Londregan, Bruce Rusk, Theda Skocpol, Suzanne M. Smith, Jonathan N. Wand, the editors of Perspectives on Politics, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and advice.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY POLICING

This research was supported in part by grant No. 91-DB-CX-0017 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance and by award No. 93-IJ-CX-KO14 from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions contained within this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice.
A Database of Paradigmatic Semantic Relation Pairs for German Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives

A new collection of semantically related word pairs in German is presented, which was compiled via human judgement experiments and comprises (i) a representative selection of target lexical units balanced for semantic category, polysemy, and corpus frequency, (ii) a set of humangenerated semantically related word pairs based on the target units, and (iii) a subset of the generated word pairs rated for their relation strength, including positive and negative relation evidence. We address the three paradigmatic relations antonymy, hypernymy and synonymy, and systematically work across the three word classes of adjectives, nouns, and verbs. A series of quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrates that (i) antonyms are more canonical than hypernyms and synonyms, (ii) relations are more or less natural with regard to the specific word classes, (iii) antonymy is clearly distinguishable from hypernymy and synonymy, but hypernymy and synonymy are often confused. We anticipate that our new collection of semantic relation pairs will not only be of considerable use in computational areas in which semantic relations play a role, but also in studies in theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics.
The Complex I Subunit NDUFA10 Selectively Rescues Drosophila pink1 Mutants through a Mechanism Independent of Mitophagy

Mutations in PINK1, a mitochondrially targeted serine/threonine kinase, cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Substantial evidence indicates that PINK1 acts with another PD gene, parkin, to regulate mitochondrial morphology and mitophagy. However, loss of PINK1 also causes complex I (CI) deficiency, and has recently been suggested to regulate CI through phosphorylation of NDUFA10/ND42 subunit. To further explore the mechanisms by which PINK1 and Parkin influence mitochondrial integrity, we conducted a screen in Drosophila cells for genes that either phenocopy or suppress mitochondrial hyperfusion caused by pink1 RNAi. Among the genes recovered from this screen was ND42. In Drosophila pink1 mutants, transgenic overexpression of ND42 or its co-chaperone sicily was sufficient to restore CI activity and partially rescue several phenotypes including flight and climbing deficits and mitochondrial disruption in flight muscles. Here, the restoration of CI activity and partial rescue of locomotion does not appear to have a specific requirement for phosphorylation of ND42 at Ser-250. In contrast to pink1 mutants, overexpression of ND42 or sicily failed to rescue any Drosophila parkin mutant phenotypes. We also find that knockdown of the human homologue, NDUFA10, only minimally affecting CCCP-induced mitophagy, and overexpression of NDUFA10 fails to restore Parkin mitochondrial-translocation upon PINK1 loss. These results indicate that the in vivo rescue is due to restoring CI activity rather than promoting mitophagy. Our findings support the emerging view that PINK1 plays a role in regulating CI activity separate from its role with Parkin in mitophagy.
Health and Welfare during Industrialization

In this unique anthology, Steckel and Floud coordinate ten essays that bring a new perspective to inquiry about standard of living in modern times. These papers are arranged for international comparison, and they individually examine evidence of health and welfare during and after industrialization in eight countries: the United States, Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Japan, and Australia. The essays incorporate several indicators of quality of life, especially real per capita income and health, but also real wages, education, and inequality. And while the authors use traditional measures of health such as life expectancy and mortality rates, this volume stands alone in its extensive use of new "anthropometric" data—information about height, weight and body mass index that indicates changes in nations' well-being. Consequently, Health and Welfare during Industrialization signals a new direction in economic history, a broader and more thorough understanding of what constitutes standard of living.
Understanding Changes in International Business Cycle Dynamics May 2003

The volatility of economic activity in most G7 economies has moderated over the past forty years. Also, despite large increases in trade and openness, G7 business cycles have not become more synchronized. After documenting these twin facts, we interpret G7 output data using a structural VAR that separately identifies common international shocks, the domestic effects of spillovers from foreign idiosyncratic shocks, and the effects of domestic idiosyncratic shocks. This analysis suggests that, with the exception of Japan, the widespread reduction in volatility is in large part associated with a reduction in the magnitude of the common international shocks. Had the common international shocks in the 1980s and 1990s been as large as they were in the 1960s and 1970s, G7 business cycles would have been substantially more volatile and more highly synchronized than they actually were. *The authors thank Dick van Dijk, Brian Doyle, Graham Elliott, Jon Faust, Andrew Harvey, Siem Jan Koopman, Denise Osborn, and Lucrezia Reichlin for helpful comments and discussions. This research was funded in part by NSF grant SBR-0214131.
Ovarian tissue harvested from lymphoma patients to preserve fertility may be safe for autotransplantation.

BACKGROUND Ovarian failure is a common sequel to chemo/radiotherapy in patients successfully treated for cancer. Harvesting, cryopreserving and subsequently re-implanting ovarian cortical grafts can be used to re-establish reproductive potential in women with cancer. The safety issue, however, is of great concern because residual disease in autografted ovarian tissues might cause recrudescence of disease. METHODS A total of 30 non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/LtSz-SCID) mice were individually xenografted s.c. with frozen-thawed ovarian tissue from 18 patients with lymphoma [13 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and 5 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)]. The animals were autopsied at 16 weeks, or earlier if cachectic. The xenograft, liver, spleen, sternum, para-aortic lymph nodes and thymus were prepared for histology, immunohistochemistry and human DNA microsatellite analysis. RESULTS None of the animals grafted with ovarian tissue from lymphoma patients developed disease. However, all 3 animals grafted with lymph node tissue from an NHL patient developed B-cell lymphomas that were confirmed as human in origin by DNA microsatellite analysis. CONCLUSION Ovarian tissue harvested before high-dose chemotherapy for HL or NHL may not carry a risk of disease transmission by autotransplantation, although the possibility is difficult to exclude completely.