Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Serotonin-6 Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Target

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter that is found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. 5-HT mediates its diverse physiological responses through 7 different 5-HT receptor families: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. Among them, the 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is the most recently cloned serotonin receptor and plays important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the etiology of neurological diseases. Compared to other 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT6R has been considered as an attractive CNS therapeutic target because it is expressed exclusively in the CNS and has no known isoforms. This review evaluates in detail the role of the 5-HT6R in the physiology and pathophysiology of the CNS and the potential usefulness of 5-HT6R ligands in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CNS disorders. Preclinical studies provide support for the use of 5-HT6R ligands as promising medications to treat the cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease, obesity, depression, and anxiety.
Bipolar depression: treatment options.

OBJECTIVE To review studies on treatments for bipolar depression and make recommendations for practising clinicians treating patients with bipolar depression. METHOD Studies that examined various treatments for bipolar depression were evaluated and rated for evidence of efficacy using Periodic Health Examination criteria. The rating for classification of recommendation for an intervention was made taking both the efficacy and the side effects into consideration. RESULTS Mood stabilizers, cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are all effective in treating bipolar depression. Almost all antidepressant treatments with the exception of mood stabilizers have been reported to induce a manic-hypomanic switch and rapid cycling. CONCLUSIONS Mood stabilizers, lithium in particular, are recommended as the first-line treatment. Addition of a second mood stabilizer or a cyclic antidepressant would be an appropriate next step. Newer agents such as lamotrigine offer considerable promise in treating bipolar depressed patients.
MET amplification occurs with or without T790M mutations in EGFR mutant lung tumors with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib

In human lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations, a second-site point mutation that substitutes methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M) is associated with approximately half of cases of acquired resistance to the EGFR kinase inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib. To identify other potential mechanisms that contribute to disease progression, we used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to compare genomic profiles of EGFR mutant tumors from untreated patients with those from patients with acquired resistance. Among three loci demonstrating recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) specific to the acquired resistance set, one contained the MET proto-oncogene. Collectively, analysis of tumor samples from multiple independent patient cohorts revealed that MET was amplified in tumors from 9 of 43 (21%) patients with acquired resistance but in only two tumors from 62 untreated patients (3%) (P = 0.007, Fisher's Exact test). Among 10 resistant tumors from the nine patients with MET amplification, 4 also harbored the EGFRT790M mutation. We also found that an existing EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H820, harbors MET amplification in addition to a drug-sensitive EGFR mutation and the T790M change. Growth inhibition studies demonstrate that these cells are resistant to both erlotinib and an irreversible EGFR inhibitor (CL-387,785) but sensitive to a multikinase inhibitor (XL880) with potent activity against MET. Taken together, these data suggest that MET amplification occurs independently of EGFRT790M mutations and that MET may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target for some patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib.
Towards Measuring Knowledge Exposure in Online Social Networks

We propose a novel metric to measure users' exposure to various pieces of knowledge in an Online Social Network (OSN). Knowledge exposure considers not only the availability of information to users but also the effort it takes to discover it. We calculate knowledge exposure by performing link analysis on a navigation graph that models OSN's user interface. Our experiments show that the proposed metric can discriminate among pieces of knowledge based on how they are presented to users. We expect such an exposure metric to be useful as an input to privacy control policies and to enhance user privacy management in social networking environments in general.
Escherichia coli from Urine of Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Is Competent for Intracellular Bacterial Community Formation

ABSTRACT Nearly 50% of women experience at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime. Studies with mice have revealed that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates invade superficial umbrella cells that line the bladder, allowing them to find a safe haven and subvert clearance by innate host responses. Rapid intracellular replication results in the formation of distinctive intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). In this study, we evaluated whether UPEC strains cultured from the urine of women and classified as causing acute cystitis, recurrent cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, or pyelonephritis could progress through the IBC cascade in a well-characterized mouse model of cystitis. Of 18 UPEC isolates collected from women, 15 formed IBCs. Variations in the size, number, and kinetics of IBC formation were observed with strains isolated from women with different clinical syndromes. Two of the three isolates that did not form IBCs when inoculated alone were able to do so when coinoculated with an isolate that was capable of generating IBCs. The mixed infections dramatically altered the behavior of the coinfecting bacteria relative to their behavior in a single infection. The study also showed that mice with five different genetic backgrounds can support IBC formation. Although UPEC isolates differ genetically in their virulence factors, the majority of UPEC isolates from different types of UTI proceed through the IBC pathway, confirming the generality of IBCs in UTI pathogenesis in mice.
Exploring the Deadlift

THE DEAD LIFT (DL) AND ITS VARIATIONS ARE WIDELY ACCEPTED BY STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES AS ONE OF THE “BIG 3” EXERCISES PRESCRIBED TO DEVELOP “TOTAL BODY STRENGTH,” SPECIFICALLY THE HIP AND KNEE EXTENSORS, SPINAL ERECTORS, QUADRATUS LUMBORUM, CORE ABDOMINAL MUSCULATURE, AND BACK AND FOREARM MUSCLES. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS COLUMN IS TO INTRODUCE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO THE MANY SPORT-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS FOR COMMON DL VARIATIONS USED IN STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGN, WITH SPECIFIC EMPHASIS ON THE ROMANIAN DL, FOR ITS POTENTIAL USE IN THE TEACHING PROGRESSION OF THE POWER CLEAN.
Effect of Vaccination by Community Pharmacists Among Adult Prescription Recipients

Background.Millions of doses of influenza vaccine are administered each year in the United States at nontraditional sites and by nontraditional vaccine providers. Pharmacists are increasingly becoming vaccine providers. Objectives.To measure association between availability of pharmacist-immunizers and immunization delivery to adult prescription recipients, and the relative contributions of various types of vaccine providers. Research Design. Mailed survey in spring 1999, contrasting adults in urban Washington State, where pharmacists administer vaccines, to adults in urban Oregon, where pharmacists did not. Subjects.Cluster sample based on October 1998 prescription records suggesting need for influenza vaccine, derived from 24 community pharmacies belonging to one pharmacy chain. Measures.Vaccination status and choice of vaccine provider. Results.Influenza vaccination rates among respondents 65 years or older increased 4.7% more in Washington than in Oregon between 1997 and 1998 (P = 0.20). The net increase in influenza vaccination rate among younger respondents taking indicator medications for chronic diseases for which influenza vaccination is recommended was 10.6% (P = 0.05). Among respondents unvaccinated against influenza in 1997, the 1998 influenza vaccination rate was 34.7% in Washington, compared with 23.9% in Oregon (P = 0.01). Conclusions.Vaccine delivery by pharmacists is associated with higher rates of vaccination among those younger than 65 taking indicator medications medications for chronic diseases, as well as prescription recipients unvaccinated against influenza in the previous year.
Making your interests follow you on twitter

In this paper we introduce the task of "tweet recommendation", the problem of suggesting tweets that match a user's interests and likes. We propose an Information-Retrieval-like model that leverages the content of the user's tweets and those of her friends, and that effectively retrieves a set of tweets that is personalized and varied in nature. Our approach could be easily leveraged to build, for example, a Twitter or Facebook timeline that collects messages that are of interest for the user, but that are not posted by her friends. We compare to typical approaches used in similar tasks, reporting significant gains in terms of overall precision, up to about +20%, on both a corpus-based evaluation and real world user study.
Associative Processing Is Inherent in Scene Perception

How are complex visual entities such as scenes represented in the human brain? More concretely, along what visual and semantic dimensions are scenes encoded in memory? One hypothesis is that global spatial properties provide a basis for categorizing the neural response patterns arising from scenes. In contrast, non-spatial properties, such as single objects, also account for variance in neural responses. The list of critical scene dimensions has continued to grow—sometimes in a contradictory manner—coming to encompass properties such as geometric layout, big/small, crowded/sparse, and three-dimensionality. We demonstrate that these dimensions may be better understood within the more general framework of associative properties. That is, across both the perceptual and semantic domains, features of scene representations are related to one another through learned associations. Critically, the components of such associations are consistent with the dimensions that are typically invoked to account for scene understanding and its neural bases. Using fMRI, we show that non-scene stimuli displaying novel associations across identities or locations recruit putatively scene-selective regions of the human brain (the parahippocampal/lingual region, the retrosplenial complex, and the transverse occipital sulcus/occipital place area). Moreover, we find that the voxel-wise neural patterns arising from these associations are significantly correlated with the neural patterns arising from everyday scenes providing critical evidence whether the same encoding principals underlie both types of processing. These neuroimaging results provide evidence for the hypothesis that the neural representation of scenes is better understood within the broader theoretical framework of associative processing. In addition, the results demonstrate a division of labor that arises across scene-selective regions when processing associations and scenes providing better understanding of the functional roles of each region within the cortical network that mediates scene processing.
Recurrent Bilateral Focal Myositis

This report describes a rare case of recurrent bilateral focal myositis and its successful treatment via methotrexate. A 38-year-old man presented myalgia of the right gastrocnemius in May 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging showed very high signal intensity in the right gastrocnemius on short-tau inversion recovery images. A muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory CD4+ cell-dominant myogenic change. Focal myositis was diagnosed. The first steroid treatment was effective. Tapering of prednisolone, however, repeatedly induced myositis relapse, which progressed to multiple muscle lesions of both lower limbs. Initiation of methotrexate finally allowed successful tapering of prednisolone, with no relapse in the past 4 years.
A Noninvasive Technique for the Determination of Velocity of Circumferential Fiber Shortening in Man

Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V as determined by analysis of left ventricular cineangiocardiograms has been proposed as a measure of left ventricular myocardial contractility. In this study, a noninvasive ultrasonic technique was used to measure the rate of shortening of the left ventricular internal minor axis throughout ejection in 61 patients. These measurements permitted calculation of mean Vcr. In 23 patients with normal left ventricular function, mean VCF averaged 1.45 ± 0.08 circumferences/sec (mean SE). Tn contrast, mean V in 38 patients with impaired left ventricular function was significantly depressed (0.91 ±0.09 circumferences/see, P <0.001). In 17 patients, adequate resolution of septal and posterior wall thicknesses permitted measurement of midwali radius at 50-msec intervals throughout the cardiac cycle. These measurements permitted computation of instantaneous and peak V Values for peak VCF at the midwall were generally similar to those observed for mean V at the internal axis. In patients with normal left ventricular function, peak VCF averaged 1.58 ± 0.23 circumferences/sec. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the velocity of left ventricular circumferential fiber shortening in man by a noninvasive method. Initial studies indicate that this approach may prove useful in the detection and serial evaluation of left ventricular performance in patients with heart disease.
A Fusion Decision Algorithm Based on Channel Estimation in Cognitive Radio System

Fusion decision plays an important part in the cooperation sensing of cognitive radio. In this paper, a fusion decision algorithm based on channel estimation (FD_CE) is proposed in the architecture of central cooperative sensing in cognitive radio. Instead of the traditional hard decision methods such as AND, OR, Most, we consult to a soft decision algorithm which combines all the detected information of different secondary user (SU) by a linear weight of their channel gains. The algorithm proposed has evaluated the reliability about each secondary user's radio environment, so it brings a better sensing performance. Simulation results show that a higher probability of detection can be achieved using the proposed algorithm comparing with single node sensing, cooperative sensing by AND and OR rules; meanwhile, it decrease the detection threshold effectively at the same time, which means saving single node's hardware cost in other words.
Attempting tobacco cessation--an oral physician's perspective.

INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a global health care problem. Repetitive exposure to nicotine produces neuroadaptation resulting in nicotine dependence. Smoking is associated with a range of diseases, causing high levels of morbidity and mortality and is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, with more than 4.6 million smokers worldwide dying each year from smoking related illnesses. Stopping smoking has major health benefits. Quitting at any age provides both short and long term benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 patients attending the outpatient department at the Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, were randomly allocated to three groups of interventions namely placebo, counseling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Initially each one was assessed for carbon monoxide levels using a breath analyser (pico smokerlyser bedfont UK). They were followed up for six months and the carbon monoxide levels were again assessed using the same instrument. The paired t test was used to compare the results before and after the intervention. RESULTS The scores before the initiation of intervention and after treatment were compared and all three interventions were found to be statistically significant after six months. It was noticed that patients with very low or low dependence followed by high dependence had good response in the placebo group (68% and 47.6% respectively), in the counseling group maximum response was seen in the medium followed by the very low group (61% and 59% respectively), and maximum response was seen in very high followed by the very low group with NRT (78.7% and 60.5% respectively). CONCLUSION The inference that can be drawn from the present study is that non-invasive, non pharmacological methods like placebo and counseling are effective in low to medium groups, and NRT is effective with higher nicotine dependence.
Oregon State University

TO THE HONORS STUDENT COMPLETING THIS INSTRUMENT: Your responses to the items below are solicited by the University Honors Council in its effort to compile accurate information about our coursework. A summary of the student responses will be prepared, and the summary and actual evaluation forms (without identifying information) will be given to the professor after final course grades have been submitted to the Registrar. You should complete the instrument during the class time provided by the professor and have it collected by the honors student or administrator selected to do so. If you would like written comments to be placed in the instructor’s personnel file, you need to write, sign and mail a letter to the appropriate Chair, Head, or Dean. Faculty members will have access to such letters and student anonymity cannot be preserved.
An Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

Most wireless sensor networks operate with very limited energy sources-their batteries, and hence their usefulness in real life applications is severely constrained. The challenging issues are how to optimize the use of their energy or to harvest their own energy in order to lengthen their lives for wider classes of application. Tackling these important issues requires a robust architecture that takes into account the energy consumption level of functional constituents and their interdependency. Without such architecture, it would be difficult to formulate and optimize the overall energy consumption of a wireless sensor network. Unlike most current researches that focus on a single energy constituent of WSNs independent from and regardless of other constituents, this paper presents an Energy Driven Architecture (EDA) as a new architecture and indicates a novel approach for minimising the total energy consumption of a WSN.
Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Y Alloys with Long-Period Stacking Order Phase

Magnesium alloys are very attractive in such applications as automotive and aerospace. However, the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are inferior to those of Al alloys, and this limits their range of applications. In the present study, effects of annealing on the mechanical properties and the thermal stability of the microstructure in LPSO Mg-Zn-Y extruded alloys were investigated. Even when elongation showed 10% with having maintained high strength to annealing temperature at 573 K for 3.6 ks, and this alloy extended annealing time for 1.0 kh, LPSO phase did bent and was able to confirm kink bands. On the other hand, α-Mg phase was fine structure without pronounced grain growth. In elevated temperature deformation of as extruded and annealed materials, LPSO phase did finely dispersed to α-Mg phase by grain boundary sliding of α-Mg phase, but fracture did not occurred in the interface between LPSO and α-Mg phases. Kink bands introduced in LPSO phase during plastic deformation and fine-grained α-Mg phase were important to obtained of high strength and ductility.
Competitive Procurement Design: Evidence from Regional Passenger Railway Services in Germany

We study competitive awarding procedures of short haul railway passenger services in Germany from 1995 to 2011 by means of a newly collected data set. In particular, we use regression techniques to investigate the determinants of the number of bidders, the identity of the winning bidder and the subsidy level. We find that there are more bidders when the contract duration is high and the revenue risk low. The dominant operator is more likely to win contracts if it is the incumbent, the network is large, the contract duration is high, when used rolling stock is admitted and when there are few other bidders.
Tumour response to hypercapnia and hyperoxia monitored by FLOOD magnetic resonance imaging

Flow and oxygenation dependent (FLOOD) MR images of GH3 prolactinomas display large intensity increases in response to carbogen (5% CO2/95% O2) breathing. To assess the relative contributions of carbon dioxide and oxygen to this response and the tumour oxygenation state, the response of GH3 prolactinomas to 5% CO2/95% air, carbogen and 100% O2 was monitored by FLOOD MRI and pO2 histography. A 10–30% image intensity increase was observed during 5% CO2/95% air breathing, consistent with an increase in tumour blood flow, as a result of CO2‐induced vasodilation, reducing the concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin in the blood. Carbogen caused a further 40–50% signal enhancement, suggesting an additional improvement due to increase blood oxygenation. A small 5–10% increase was observed in response to 100% O2, highlighting the dominance of CO2‐induced vasodilation in the carbogen response. Despite the large FLOOD response, non‐significant increases in tumour pO2 were observed in response to the three gases. Tissue pO2 is determined by the balance of oxygen supply and demand, hence increased blood flow/oxygenation may not necessarily produce a large increase in tissue pO2. The FLOOD response is determined by the level of deoxygenation of blood, the size of this response relating to vascular density and the potential of high‐oxygen content gases to improve the oxygen supply to tumour tissue. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postglacial climate changes and rise of three ecotypes of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, in western Palearctic waters

Despite no obvious barriers to gene flow in the marine realm, environmental variation and ecological specializations can lead to genetic differentiation in highly mobile predators. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of the harbour porpoise over the entire species distribution range in western Palearctic waters. Combined analyses of 10 microsatellite loci and a 5085 base‐pair portion of the mitochondrial genome revealed the existence of three ecotypes, equally divergent at the mitochondrial genome, distributed in the Black Sea (BS), the European continental shelf waters, and a previously overlooked ecotype in the upwelling zones of Iberia and Mauritania. Historical demographic inferences using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggest that these ecotypes diverged during the last glacial maximum (c. 23–19 kilo‐years ago, kyrbp). ABC supports the hypothesis that the BS and upwelling ecotypes share a more recent common ancestor (c. 14 kyrbp) than either does with the European continental shelf ecotype (c. 28 kyrbp), suggesting they probably descended from the extinct populations that once inhabited the Mediterranean during the glacial and post‐glacial period. We showed that the two Atlantic ecotypes established a narrow admixture zone in the Bay of Biscay during the last millennium, with highly asymmetric gene flow. This study highlights the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and speciation process in pelagic predators and shows that allopatric divergence can occur in these highly mobile species and be a source of genetic diversity.