Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fasting and feeding on synthesis and intracellular transport of proteins in the frog exocrine pancreas

Frog exocrine pancreatic tissue was studied in vitro under conditions which maintain the differences between tissues from fasted and fed animals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis after labeling with [14C]amino acids showed that feeding stimulated the synthesis of secretory proteins to the same relative degree as the overall protein synthesis. The intracellular transport of secretory proteins was studied by electronmicroscopy autoradiography after pulse- labeling with [3H]leucine. It was found that the transport route is similar under both feeding conditions. After their synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), the proteins move through the peripheral elements and cisternae of the Golgi system into the condensing vacuoles. The velocity of the transport increases considerably after feeding. When frogs are fasted, the release of labeled proteins from the RER takes greater than 90 min, whereas after feeding, this happens within 30 min. Comparable differences were observed for transport through the Golgi system. The apparent differences between the frog and mammalian pancreas in the regulation of synthesis, intracellular transport, and secretion of proteins are discussed.
Generating succinct titles for web URLs

How can a search engine automatically provide the best and most appropriate title for a result URL (link-title) so that users will be persuaded to click on the URL? We consider the problem of automatically generating link-titles for URLs and propose a general statistical framework for solving this problem. The framework is based on using information from a diverse collection of sources, each of which can be thought of as contributing one or more candidate link-titles for the URL. It can also incorporate the context in which the link-title will be used, along with constraints on its length. Our framework is applicable to several scenarios: obtaining succinct titles for displaying quicklinks, obtaining titles for URLs that lack a good title, constructing succinct sitemaps, etc. Extensive experiments show that our method is very effective, producing results that are at least 20% better than non-trivial baselines.
3-D Placement of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Station (UAV-BS) for Energy-Efficient Maximal Coverage

Unmanned aerial vehicle mounted base stations (UAV-BSs) can provide wireless services in a variety of scenarios. In this letter, we propose an optimal placement algorithm for UAV-BSs that maximizes the number of covered users using the minimum transmit power. We decouple the UAV-BS deployment problem in the vertical and horizontal dimensions without any loss of optimality. Furthermore, we model the UAV-BS deployment in the horizontal dimension as a circle placement problem and a smallest enclosing circle problem. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for different spatial distributions of the users.
Moment Tensors of Induced Microearthquakes in The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir From Broadband Seismic Recordings: Implications for Faulting Regime, Stress Tensor, and Fluid Pressure

Full moment tensors of 1,421 microearthquakes in The Geysers geothermal field were calculated using waveform data from a field‐wide broadband network and the approach based on the principal component analysis. Spatial characteristics of faulting regime, stress tensor and the isotropic component (ISO) of moment tensors were investigated. The studied events form different clusters dominated by normal faults (NF) and strike‐slip (SS) faults, respectively. The SS‐dominated clusters are related to the SS stress state observed in the southwestern side of the field where two NW‐SE trending fault zones exist. Increasing proportions of SS faults were observed near the shallow and deep parts of the NF‐dominated clusters. Temperature differences between the upper and lower parts of the reservoir do not change the overall stress states of clusters. The stress ratios in the NW part are much smaller than in the SE part of the field. The retrieved ISOs range between −5% and 25% for 96% of events. The average percentages of positive ISOs are correlated with the average injection rates in different clusters, and keep an increasing trend with depth below the main injection interval. Only 10% of events show negative ISO and are mainly constrained within the depth range of steam extraction. The proportion of events with negative ISO suggests much weaker seismic responses of the steam extraction than the water injection. The spatial variations of the ISO percentage do not follow the seismicity variations as the ISO is more sensitive to the pressure changes related to the fluid injection and migration.
Microleakage and polymerization shrinkage of various polymer restorative materials.

PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage and the microleakage of direct resin-based restorative materials commonly used in pediatric dentistry. METHODS Standardized Class V cavities overlapping the cementoenamel junction were prepared on the buccal and the lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human mandibular third molars (36 specimens, 4 controls). The cavities were restored with 4 different materials: a packable resin composite (Filtek P60), a compomer (Compoglass F), an ormocer (Admira) and their associated bonding agents (Scotchbond 1, Excite, and Admira Bond, respectively), and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC). The teeth were then immersed in methylene blue solution for 48 hours. Dye penetration was evaluated for all materials, which were analyzed using a multivariate model (alpha=0.05): influence of microleakage score, margin location (enamel/cementum), and preparation location (buccal/lingual). Multivariate analysis was performed using a polychotomous logistic regression. Polymerization shrinkage was evaluated by the disk deflective method. The percentage of polymerization shrinkage (N=3) was evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS Regarding polymerization shrinkage, the P60 demonstrated the lowest value, followed by ADM and COF, whereas FLC presented the highest shrinkage-strain (P<.0001). The preparation location had no significant effect on dye penetration (P=.86). Margin location (enamel or cementum) had a significant effect on microleakage (odds ratio [OR]=24.61). Significant differences in the microleakage patterns and scores were also observed between the 4 restorative materials. Admira exhibited the lowest overall microleakage. In comparing Filtek P60, Compoglass F, and Fuji II LC to Admira, P60 showed significantly less microleakage (OR=1.30) than Fuji II LC (OR=1.47), whereas Compoglass F demonstrated the greatest significant overall microleakage (OR=3.15). CONCLUSION Within the experimental conditions of this in vitro study, the microleakage was significantly lower at the enamel margins than at the cementum margins for the four restorative materials tested. The ormocer and the packable resin composite exhibited the best sealing ability, as well as the lowest polymerization shrinkage. It could not be demonstrated in this study, however, that the higher the polymerization shrinkage was, the lower the marginal sealing ability was.
Relationship of Mothers’ Psychological Status with Development of Kindergarten Children

Objective Given the importance of children’s development and the role of psychological status of mothers in this regard, this study investigated the relationship of mothers’ psychological status (stress, anxiety and depression) with the development of children aged 36-60 months. Materials & Methods This descriptive study was performed on 1036 mothers and their children, aged 36 to 60 months, in different kindergartens in Tehran City, Iran, in 2014-2015. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The following instruments were used in this study: A demographic and obstetric specification questionnaire, children specification questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, Spiel Berger Test, Perceived stress questionnaire and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to determine the status of the children’s development. Data were analyzed using SPSS20 software, Mann-Whitney; independent t-test and logistic-Regression model were used. Results The prevalence of developmental delay in children aged 36-60 months was 16.2%. The independent t-test showed a relationship between maternal stress and developmental delay in children. The Mann-Whitney test revealed a significant relation between mothers’ depression level and developmental delay in their children. There was a significant relation between trait anxiety and developmental delay in children. Moreover, a significant relation was found between maternal stress and developmental delay in fine motor skills. The logistic regression model showed a significant relationship of child gender, economic and social states with developmental delay. Conclusion This study showed mothers’ psychological status probably is an effective factor in developmental delay. The assessment of mothers’ psychological status is suggested for early interventions.
A Phase Change Memory as a Secure Main Memory

Phase change memory (PCM) technology appears as more scalable than DRAM technology. As PCM exhibits access time slightly longer but in the same range as DRAMs, several recent studies have proposed to use PCMs for designing main memory systems. Unfortunately PCM technology suffers from a limited write endurance; typically each memory cell can be only be written a large but still limited number of times (107 to 109 writes are reported for current technology). Till now, research proposals have essentially focused their attention on designing memory systems that will survive to the average behavior of conventional applications.However PCM memory systems should be designed to survive worst-case applications, i.e., malicious attacks targeting the physical destruction of the memory through overwriting a limited number of memory cells. In this paper, we propose the design of a secure PCM-based main memory that would by construction survive to overwrite attacks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS , MAN , AND CYBERNETICS : SYSTEMS 1 Modeling User Activity Preference by Leveraging User Spatial Temporal Characteristics in LBSNs

With the recent surge of Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs), activity data of millions of users has become attainable. This data contains not only spatial and temporal stamps of user activity, but also its semantic information. LBSNs can help to understand mobile users’ spatial temporal activity preference, which can enable a wide range of ubiquitous applications, such as personalized context-aware location recommendation and group-oriented advertisement. However, modeling such user-specific spatial temporal activity preference needs to tackle high-dimensional data, i.e., user-location-time-activity quadruples, which is complicated and usually suffers from a data sparsity problem. In order to address this problem, we propose a spatial temporal activity preference (STAP) model. It first models the spatial and temporal activity preference separately, and then uses a principle way to combine them for preference inference. In order to characterize the impact of spatial features on user activity preference, we propose the notion of Personal Functional Region (PFR) and related parameters to model and infer user spatial activity preference. In order to model the user temporal activity preference with sparse user activity data in LBSNs, we propose to exploit the temporal activity similarity among different users and apply non-negative tensor factorization to collaboratively infer temporal activity preference. Finally, we put forward a context-aware fusion framework to combine the spatial and temporal activity preference models for preference inference. We evaluate our proposed approach on three realworld datasets collected from New York and Tokyo, and show that STAP consistently outperforms the baseline approaches in various settings. Keywords—Spatial, Temporal, User Activity Preference, Tensor Factorization, Location Based Social Networks
University of Groningen High plasticity in inorganic carbon uptake by Southern Ocean phytoplankton in response to ambient CO 2

The fixation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by marine phytoplankton provides an important feedback mechanism on concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere. As a consequence it is important to determine whether oceanic primary productivity is susceptible to changing atmospheric CO2 levels. Among numerous other factors, the acquisition of DIC by microalgae particularly in the polar seas is projected to have a significant effect on future phytoplanktonic production and hence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Using the isotopic disequilibrium technique the contribution of different carbon species (CO2 and bicarbonate) to the overall DIC uptake and the extent to which external Carbonic Anhydrase (eCA) plays a role in facilitating DIC uptake was estimated. Simultaneous uptake of CO2 and HCO3 was observed in all cases, but the proportions in which different DIC species contributed to carbon assimilation varied considerably between stations. Bicarbonate as well as CO2 could be the major DIC source for local phytoplankton assemblages. There was a positive correlation between the contribution of CO2 to total DIC uptake and ambient concentration of CO2 in seawater suggesting that Southern Ocean microalgae could increase the proportion of CO2 uptake under future high atmospheric CO2 levels. Results will be discussed in view of metabolic costs related to DIC acquisition of Southern Ocean
THEORETICAL MODELING OF HYDRAULIC JUMPS AT NEGATIVE STEP IN RADIAL STILLING BASINS WITH END SILL

The hydraulic jump has been studied as an important method for energy dissipation downstream water structures. Several methods have been used to optimize the hydraulic jump length. One of the common methods was the use of end sill. Steps may be used to control the location of the hydraulic jump downstream of hydraulic structures. Extensive studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of steps in rectangular basins but not yet in radial basins. In the present paper, theoretical models are developed to predict the depth ratios of the radial hydraulic jumps at negative steps downstream of the control structures when the stilling basins is ended with a sill. Both the momentum and continuity equations in one dimension are applied to the control volume where the jump begins and ends. Both forms of the hydraulic jump (A and B) at negative step in the radial stilling basins are dealt. An experimental program is conducted to collect experimental data to enable verification of the developed theoretical models. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is obtained. The developed models are recommended for use in the design of radial stilling basin to compute the depth ratios which is needed to complete the dimensioning of the stilling basin.
Mapping of Cortical Activity in the First Two Decades of Life: A High-Density Sleep Electroencephalogram Study

Evidence that electroencephalography (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) (EEG spectral power in the 1–4.5 Hz band) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) reflects plastic changes is increasing (Tononi and Cirelli, 2006). Regional assessment of gray matter development from neuroimaging studies reveals a posteroanterior trajectory of cortical maturation in the first three decades of life (Shaw et al., 2008). Our aim was to test whether this regional cortical maturation is reflected in regional changes of sleep SWA. We evaluated all-night high-density EEG (128 channels) in 55 healthy human subjects (2.4–19.4 years) and assessed age-related changes in NREM sleep topography. As in adults, we observed frequency-specific topographical distributions of sleep EEG power in all subjects. However, from early childhood to late adolescence, the location on the scalp showing maximal SWA underwent a shift from posterior to anterior regions. This shift along the posteroanterior axis was only present in the SWA frequency range and remained stable across the night. Changes in the topography of SWA during sleep parallel neuroimaging study findings indicating cortical maturation starts early in posterior areas and spreads rostrally over the frontal cortex. Thus, SWA might reflect the underlying processes of cortical maturation. In the future, sleep SWA assessments may be used as a clinical tool to detect aberrations in cortical maturation.
The many paths to frameshifting: kinetic modelling and analysis of the effects of different elongation steps on programmed –1 ribosomal frameshifting

Several important viruses including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the SARS-associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) employ programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) for their protein expression. Here, a kinetic framework is developed to describe −1 PRF. The model reveals three kinetic pathways to −1 PRF that yield two possible frameshift products: those incorporating zero frame encoded A-site tRNAs in the recoding site, and products incorporating −1 frame encoded A-site tRNAs. Using known kinetic rate constants, the individual contributions of different steps of the translation elongation cycle to −1 PRF and the ratio between two types of frameshift products were evaluated. A dual fluorescence reporter was employed in Escherichia coli to empirically test the model. Additionally, the study applied a novel mass spectrometry approach to quantify the ratios of the two frameshift products. A more detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying −1 PRF may provide insight into developing antiviral therapeutics.
1.65-μm (H-band) surface photometry of galaxies – VIII. The near-IR κ space at z=0

We present the distribution of a statistical sample of nearby galaxies in the κ-space (κ1∝log M, κ2∝log Ie3M/L, κ3∝log M/L). Our study is based on near-IR (H-band: λ=1.65 μm) observations, for the first time comprising early- and late-type systems. Our data confirm that the mean effective dynamical mass-to-light ratio M/L of the E+S0+S0a galaxies increases with increasing effective dynamical mass M, as expected from the existence of the Fundamental Plane relation. Conversely, spiral and Im/BCD galaxies show a broad distribution in M/L with no detected trend of M/L with M, the former galaxies having M/L values about twice larger than the latter, on average. For all the late-type galaxies, the M/L increases with decreasing effective surface intensity Ie, consistent with the existence of the Tully–Fisher relation. These results are discussed on the basis of the assumptions behind the construction of the κ-space and their limitations. Our study is complementary to a previous investigation in the optical (B-band: λ=0.44 μm) and allows us to study wavelength dependences of the galaxy distribution in the κ-space. As a first result, we find that the galaxy distribution in the κ1–κ2 plane reproduces the transition from bulgeless to bulge-dominated systems in galaxies of increasing dynamical mass. Conversely, it appears that the M/L of late-types is higher (lower) than that of early-types with the same M in the near-IR (optical). The origins of this behaviour are discussed in terms of dust attenuation and star formation history.
Designing the accident and emergency system: lessons from manufacturing

Objectives: To review the literature on manufacturing process design and demonstrate applicability in health care. Methods: Literature review and application of theory using two years activity data from two healthcare communities and extensive observation of activities over a six week period by seven researchers. Results: It was possible to identify patient flows that could be used to design treatment processes around the needs of the patient. Some queues are built into existing treatment processes and can be removed by better process design. Capacity imbalance, not capacity shortage, causes some unnecessary waiting in accident and emergency departments. Conclusions: Clinicians would find that modern manufacturing theories produce more acceptable designs of systems. In particular, good quality is seen as a necessary pre-requisite of fast, efficient services.
Signal-Specialized Parametrization

To reduce memory requirements for texture mapping a model, we build a surface parametrization specialized to its signal (such as color or normal). Intuitively, we want to allocate more texture samples in regions with greater signal detail. Our approach is to minimize signal approximation error --- the difference between the original surface signal and its reconstruction from the sampled texture. Specifically, our signal-stretch parametrization metric is derived from a Taylor expansion of signal error. For fast evaluation, this metric is pre-integrated over the surface as a metric tensor. We minimize this nonlinear metric using a novel coarse-to-fine hierarchical solver, further accelerated with a fine-to-coarse propagation of the integrated metric tensor. Use of metric tensors permits anisotropic squashing of the parametrization along directions of low signal gradient. Texture area can often be reduced by a factor of 4 for a desired signal accuracy compared to non-specialized parametrizations.
Regulation of DNA Replication in Early Embryonic Cleavages

Early embryonic cleavages are characterized by short and highly synchronous cell cycles made of alternating S- and M-phases with virtually absent gap phases. In this contracted cell cycle, the duration of DNA synthesis can be extraordinarily short. Depending on the organism, the whole genome of an embryo is replicated at a speed that is between 20 to 60 times faster than that of a somatic cell. Because transcription in the early embryo is repressed, DNA synthesis relies on a large stockpile of maternally supplied proteins stored in the egg representing most, if not all, cellular genes. In addition, in early embryonic cell cycles, both replication and DNA damage checkpoints are inefficient. In this article, we will review current knowledge on how DNA synthesis is regulated in early embryos and discuss possible consequences of replicating chromosomes with little or no quality control.
Prevalence of hearing impairment in an adult population in southern Taiwan

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment in a representative adult population in southern Taiwan and compare the results to those of similar studies in other countries. A stratified systematic cluster sample of 1140 residents, aged ≥20 years, of Tainan City was studied from 2001 to 2003. The test battery included otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry, and a questionnaire covering relevant personal, occupational, and family history. The hearing threshold level (HTL) was defined as the better ear pure-tone average (BPTA) (i.e. the average of hearing thresholds at frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz). The prevalence of hearing impairment was 21.4% (95% confidence interval: 19.3–23.7%) at BPTA ≥25 dB HTL. Middle ear disease was a significant risk factor for hearing impairment in addition to age and gender. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment may be higher in Taiwan (17.1%) than in western populations (11.5%), but differences in the definition of hearing impairment severity and variation in sex distribution among studies may account for this higher prevalence.