Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply re: "Evisceration With Implant Placement Posterior to Posterior Sclera".

To the Editor: We appreciate and thank Dr. Chugh et al. for their interest in our recently published article on evisceration surgery with implant placement posterior to posterior sclera. Our technique described patients undergoing evisceration with normal or nearnormal-sized eyeballs. It has worked extremely well in this group of patients. The modification of this technique suggested by Chugh et al. in those with severe phthisis (7.4 mm–14.5 mm, average-8.7 mm) is an excellent one and we will look forward to utilizing it in the future. Their success with it has also been excellent as they report. Chugh et al. might also be interested in another technique we have described for those with even more severe phthisis than their 7.4 mm–14.5 mm patient group, known as the “scleral filet technique. ” It is for those patients who have undergone evisceration surgery with no implant placement. The scleral shell collapses down on itself to a centrally positioned “scleral remnant. ” The patients present with enophthalmos, excellent socket motility, and the visible scleral remnant subconjunctivally. Under appropriate anesthesia, after making a horizontal incision in conjunctiva, we expose the scleral remnant and incise it through its entire thickness in a crisscross fashion from superotemporal to inferonasal and from superonasal to inferotemporal, allowing access to the retrobulbar fat space. Essentially, one is filleting the sclera in such a way that the extraocular muscles are left attached to one of the remnants. If the optic nerve is attached to one of the remnants, it is transected and left to sit within the retrobulbar fat. There is rarely any cavity or uveal tissue present within the scleral remnant and no attempt is made to try and reopen the collapsed scleral shell. If any uveal tissue is found inside the scleral remnant, it can be removed with any excess sclera. An implant (porous or nonporous) is then inserted into the retroscleral fat space and the scleral remnants are reapproximated and closed over the center of the implant with 5-0 polygalctin 910 interrupted sutures. Conjunctiva is closed with a running or interrupted 6-0 plain gut suture and a conformer is put in place. The socket volume is restored and the socket motility is maintained.
Top-Down Network Effective Connectivity in Abstinent Substance Dependent Individuals

Objective We hypothesized that compared to healthy controls, long-term abstinent substance dependent individuals (SDI) will differ in their effective connectivity between large-scale brain networks and demonstrate increased directional information from executive control to interoception-, reward-, and habit-related networks. In addition, using graph theory to compare network efficiencies we predicted decreased small-worldness in SDI compared to controls. Methods 50 SDI and 50 controls of similar sex and age completed psychological surveys and resting state fMRI. fMRI results were analyzed using group independent component analysis; 14 networks-of-interest (NOI) were selected using template matching to a canonical set of resting state networks. The number, direction, and strength of connections between NOI were analyzed with Granger Causality. Within-group thresholds were p<0.005 using a bootstrap permutation. Between group thresholds were p<0.05, FDR-corrected for multiple comparisons. NOI were correlated with behavioral measures, and group-level graph theory measures were compared. Results Compared to controls, SDI showed significantly greater Granger causal connectivity from right executive control network (RECN) to dorsal default mode network (dDMN) and from dDMN to basal ganglia network (BGN). RECN was negatively correlated with impulsivity, behavioral approach, and negative affect; dDMN was positively correlated with impulsivity. Among the 14 NOI, SDI showed greater bidirectional connectivity; controls showed more unidirectional connectivity. SDI demonstrated greater global efficiency and lower local efficiency. Conclusions Increased effective connectivity in long-term abstinent drug users may reflect improved cognitive control over habit and reward processes. Higher global and lower local efficiency across all networks in SDI compared to controls may reflect connectivity changes associated with drug dependence or remission and requires future, longitudinal studies to confirm.
Does Self-Licensing Benefit Self-Regulation Over Time? An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Food Temptations

Self-licensing, employing reasons to justify indulgence, may help resolve the conflict between immediate temptations and long-term goals in favor of the former. It was hypothesized that this conflict-resolving potential of self-licensing may benefit self-regulation over time. With a momentary assessment design, we examined how self-licensing affects self-regulatory ability and the capacity to deal with subsequent self-regulatory conflicts. One hundred thirty-six female participants filled out surveys eight times per day for one week. Food temptation strength, conflict, resistance, and enactment were assessed, as well as license opportunity and perceived self-regulatory ability. When self-licensing opportunity was high (vs. low), a weaker association between temptation strength and conflict was observed. High license opportunity was associated with higher perceived self-regulatory ability for instances of low degrees of temptation enactment and predicted better handling of subsequent conflict after high degrees of prior temptation enactment. These results suggest that self-licensing can support self-regulation after initial failure.
Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 enhance docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell death

Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the most important anticancer drugs; however, the severity of its adverse effects detracts from its practical use in the clinic. Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (MgNPs-Fe3O4) can enhance the delivery and efficacy of anticancer drugs. We investigated the effects of MgNPs-Fe3O4 or DTX alone, and in combination with prostate cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as with the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects. MgNPs-Fe3O4 caused dose-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species levels in DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were also elevated. MgNPs-Fe3O4 alone reduced the viability of LNCaP and PC-3 cells; however, MgNPs-Fe3O4 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of a low dose of DTX in all three cell lines. MgNPs-Fe3O4 also augmented the percentage of DU145 cells undergoing apoptosis following treatment with low dose DTX. Expression of nuclear transcription factor κB in DU145 was not affected by MgNPs-Fe3O4 or DTX alone; however, combined treatment suppressed nuclear transcription factor κB expression. These findings offer the possibility that MgNPs-Fe3O4–low dose DTX combination therapy may be effective in treating prostate cancer with limited adverse effects.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptolestes pusillus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptolestes pusillus (GenBank accession number KT070713) was sequenced by long PCR and primer walking methods. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 15 502 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a A + T-rich region. The base composition of the genome is A (39.04%), T (37.07%), C (23.4%), and G (14.6%). Except for COI and ATP8 with TCC and ATC as start codon, respectively, the remaining protein-coding genes initiated with the three orthodox start codons. Two complete stop codons (TAA and TAG) and two incomplete stop codons (COIII stop with T and ND5 stop with TA) were used in the protein-coding genes. The A + T-rich region is located between 12s rRNA and tRNAIle with the length of 859 bp. The phylogenetic relationships of Coleoptera species were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of 13 protein-coding genes of mitogenome using the neighbor-joining method. The molecular-based phylogenetic analysis supported the traditional morphological classification on relationships within Coleoptera species.
Intestinal lymphangiectasia, a disease characterized by selective loss of naive CD45RA+ lymphocytes into the gastrointestinal tract

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (InL) is a disease characterized by hypoproteinemia and lymphocytopenia resulting from blocked intestinal lymphatics and loss of lymph fluid into the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to immunologic abnormalities including hypogammaglobulinemia, skin anergy and impaired allograft rejection. In the present study, we evaluated whether the above immunologic abnormalities are secondary to a quantitative or qualitative disorder of T cells. In initial studies we demonstrated that adult InL patients' peripheral blood contain strikingly (and significantly) reduced numbers of CD4+/CD45RA+ T cells, whereas the numbers of CD4+ / CD45RO+ T cells were only moderately (and not significantly) reduced. In addition, the CD4+ / CD45RO+ T cell population contained an increased percentage of highly differentiated and previously sensitized cells, as demonstrated by decreased CD27 and CD31 expression and increased HLA‐DR and CD69 expression. In subsequent functional studies, we showed that the InL CD4+ / CD45RO+ T cells, when stimulated in vitro, proliferate fivefold less than control CD4+ / CD45RO+ T cells and produce fourfold more IL‐4 and threefold less IFN‐γ and IL‐2. Thus, this cytokine production profile also reflects the highly differentiated nature of the residual cell population. Overall, these studies provide new information on the trafficking of naive / mature and Th1 / Th2 T cell populations in this disease model.
THE YUPNO AS POST-NEWTONIAN SCIENTISTS: THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS 'NATURAL IN SPATIAL DESCRIPTION

Cognitive scientists were induced by the (European) cultures and (Indogermanic) languages already known to them to formulate over-hasty generalizations about the intrinsic structure of human thinking. They believe, for example, that it is natural and consequently universal to view the space around us from a relative, egocentric and anthropomorphic point of view. However, this way of seeing the world - with one's body at the centre of the universe from which spatial co-ordinates radiate out - is just one of the possible ways of viewing space, as the cultural conception of spatial order among the Yupno of Papua New Guinea illustrates. A universalist ckaim The approach to issues concerning the relations among language, culture and thought proceeds from different presuppositions today from the ones held previously. With the rise of the cognitive sciences in the 1960s, the commonalities in human thinking and their bases in the genetic endowment of humanity were emphasized, in part building on Piagetian universals of human development. This emphasis was strengthened by developments within cognitive anthropology, with its controversial discovery of significant universals in colour terms and in the structure of ethnobotanical nomenclature, and of kinship terms. The aim of research at that time shifted away from the description of cultural diversity towards the search for underlying human constants. Against this background, the overall discipline of anthropology was reduced to silence, due to its seemingly contradictory desire to stress differences, while simultaneously insisting on what is common to human kind. All this somehow licensed the committed cognitivists, who were researching only European cultures and Indogermanic languages, to formulate hasty generalizations about the intrinsic structure of human thinking. However, there has been a recent change of intellectual climate in psychology, linguistics and other disciplines related to anthropology, towards an intermediate position, 'in which more attention is paid to linguistic and cultural
Phylogeographic patterns in suckermouth catfish Hypostomus ancistroides (Loricariidae): dispersion, vicariance and species complexity across a Neotropical biogeographic region

Abstract The upper Paraná River system (UP) is a highly diverse biogeographic province for freshwater fishes, but little is known about processes which shaped that diversity. This study describes the phylogeographic pattern in Hypostomus ancistroides, a suckermouth catfish species that is widespread in the UP and also reported from the adjoining Ribeira do Iguape basin. We used complete mtDNA sequences of ATPase 6/8 of 162 specimens to infer haplotype distribution using phylogenetic and demographic analyses and a Bayesian molecular clock. Results suggest that during the Quaternary H. ancistroides has undergone superimposed phylogeographic histories, alternating between isolation and subsequent merging of different populations. Occurrence of an isolated population on the Ribeira de Iguape is demonstrated to be a Pleistocene headwater capture event. Widely distributed haplotypes indicate deep genetic differences and suggest that populations of H. ancistroides were isolated for considerable time, but did not undergo speciation because of recurrent population mixing.
The Meanings of Race Matter

Given the historical legacies of racial exclusion and disparities within U.S. higher education and contemporary manifestations of racial tensions on college campuses, this study explores the meanings college students make of race within a sociopolitical context often claimed to be “postracial” (i.e., one where race no longer matters). Based on interviews with a sample (n = 40) of undergraduates recruited from two U.S. West Coast public research universities, constructivist grounded theory methods allowed for an emergent understanding of how precollege experiences and campus contexts influenced race-related patterns in students’ experiencing of and learning about race. Such experiences contributed to six patterns of racial meaning (ancestry, culture, concept, embodiment, identity, power) that help explain how college students refute postracial claims and see race mattering (or not) on multiple levels.
Direct Insertion of the Medial Rectus Capsulopalpebral Fascia to the Tarsus

Purpose: To clarify the insertion of the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia to the tarsus in Asians. Methods: Specimens from 19 (11 right, 8 left) postmortem medial eyelids and orbits of 11 Asians (aged 45–96 years at death) were used. Samples had been fixed in 10% buffered formalin before their removal and microscopic examination. The tarsi were incised at 2 different heights in the upper and lower eyelids, as it was not disclosed which parts had the insertion of the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia. The first and second sections, parallel to the eyelid margin, were obtained, respectively, at 1 mm and 5 mm from the upper eyelid margin, and at 1 mm and 3 mm from the lower eyelid margin. Sections were stained with Masson trichrome. Results: Both upper and lower eyelids demonstrated similar findings. The first sections, which showed the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia and included many smooth muscle fibers, did not insert in the tarsi. However, the deep part of Horner muscle directly inserted, whereas the superficial part went in the dense fibrous tissue closely attaching on the tarsi. Then, some of the muscle branched out in the tarsi. The second sections showed that the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia had a direct insertion to the tarsi. Conclusions: The tarsi are supported medially by the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia and Horner muscle. The “medial eyelid retractors, ” comprising the medial rectus capsulopalpebral fascia and smooth muscles, were clearly defined, highlighting the relationship of the eyelid to the medial rectus muscle and offering a new pathogenesis and treatment for lateral tarsal shifts and lower medial ectropion.
Hispanics/Latinos and the HIV continuum of care in the Southern USA: a qualitative review of the literature, 2002–2013

Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV infection, but access HIV care less often than non-Hispanic whites in the USA. The majority of new HIV diagnoses among Hispanics/Latinos occur in the southern USA; however, data are lacking regarding factors associated with HIV care access for Hispanics/Latinos in the South. We conducted a qualitative review of peer-reviewed articles using the HIV continuum of care framework to assess HIV care for Hispanics/Latinos in the US South. We identified 13 studies conducted in southern states that were informed by the continuum of care: testing and diagnosis of HIV infection (n = 9); linkage and retention in care (n = 2); and prescription of and adherence to ART (n = 2). Barriers to health care access included stigma, lack of Spanish-speaking health-care providers, and fear of deportation. Facilitators to health care access included provider endorsement of HIV tests and regular health care. Innovative solutions (e.g., patient navigators), tailored strategies (e.g., community outreach) and organizational-level interventions (e.g., increasing provider endorsement of HIV tests) can improve access for Hispanics/Latinos in the South
ESTUDO SOBRE A DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA E SEUS DETERMINANTES NO BRASIL

A partir de dados em painel dos estados brasileiros no periodo 1996-2009, o artigo faz uma analise sobre as contribuicoes de diferentes determinantes para a reducao da desigualdade dos rendimentos no Brasil, com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD). Com este objetivo, especifica um modelo econometrico dinâmico que e estimado pelo Metodo dos Momentos Generalizado-sistema (MMG-sistema). Os resultados estimados do modelo permitem concluir que as transferencias de renda do governo nao afetaram a dinâmica da desigualdade de renda no periodo. Em relacao aos outros determinantes, aponta que a educacao foi quem mais contribuiu para a reducao da desigualdade de renda. Por fim, considera que o produto interno bruto e a variavel carga tributaria do governo contribuiram, tambem, para a desigualdade de renda no pais. Palavras-chaves: Desigualdade, renda, painel dinâmico. STUDY ON BRAZILIAN INCOME INEQUALITY AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN BRAZIL Abstract: This work is viewed from panel data of Brazilian states towards the 1996-2009 s. It also aims to analyze the contribution concerning the different determinants for reducing Brazilian income inequality, which is estimated according to a survey called (PNAD). The idea here is using a dynamic econometric model which is estimated by the Method of Moments of the Generalized-System (MMG-system). The estimated results conclude that governmental income transferring did not have any impact upon the so-called dynamic concerning income inequality to the period sketched. However, if we consider other determinants, point out that education was the mainly contributor to reduce the income inequality. Furthermore, considers that the gross national product and the variable government’s tax burden contribute to increase income inequality in Brazil. Key words: Inequality, income, dynamic panel.
HNRNPLL, a newly identified colorectal cancer metastasis suppressor, modulates alternative splicing of CD44 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Objective Despite the recent advances in treatment of colon cancer, the prognosis is unfavourable for patients with distant metastases. The aim of this study was to identify targets for prevention and/or therapy of colon cancer metastasis. Design CMT93 cells, a murine rectal cancer cell line with poor metastasising activity, were transduced with lentiviral shRNA library and transplanted into the rectum of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Genomic DNA was collected from metastatic lesions, and the integrated shRNA were retrieved by PCR for sequencing, followed by identification of the candidate genes targeted by the shRNA. Results The genome-wide shRNA library screen identified Hnrnpll (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like) encoding a pre-mRNA splicing factor as a candidate metastasis suppressor gene. Knockdown of Hnrnpll enhanced matrigel invasion activity of colon cancer cells in vitro, as well as their metastatic ability in vivo. An RNA-immunoprecipitation analysis showed Hnrnpll-binding to Cd44 pre-mRNAs, and the level of Cd44 variable exon 6 (Cd44v6), a poor prognosis marker of colorectal cancer, was increased by knocking down Hnrnpll. A neutralising Cd44v6 antibody suppressed the matrigel invasion ability induced by Hnrnpll knockdown. HNRNPLL expression was downregulated when colon cancer cells were induced to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Immunohistochemistry of clinical samples indicated that colorectal cancer cells with low E-cadherin expression at the invasion front exhibited decreased HNRNPLL expression. Conclusions HNRNPLL is a novel metastasis suppressor of colorectal cancer, and modulates alternative splicing of CD44 during EMT.
Analytical model for ion stopping power and range in the therapeutic energy interval for beams of hydrogen and heavier ions

Many different approaches exist to calculate stopping power and range of protons and heavy charged particles. These methods may be broadly categorized as physically complete theories (widely applicable and complex) or semi-empirical approaches (narrowly applicable and simple). However, little attention has been paid in the literature to approaches that are both widely applicable and simple. We developed simple analytical models of stopping power and range for ions of hydrogen, carbon, iron, and uranium that spanned intervals of ion energy from 351 keV u−1 to 450 MeV u−1 or wider. The analytical models typically reproduced the best-available evaluated stopping powers within 1% and ranges within 0.1 mm. The computational speed of the analytical stopping power model was 28% faster than a full-theoretical approach. The calculation of range using the analytic range model was 945 times faster than a widely-used numerical integration technique. The results of this study revealed that the new, simple analytical models are accurate, fast, and broadly applicable. The new models require just 6 parameters to calculate stopping power and range for a given ion and absorber. The proposed model may be useful as an alternative to traditional approaches, especially in applications that demand fast computation speed, small memory footprint, and simplicity.
Power analysis for random‐effects meta‐analysis

One of the reasons for the popularity of meta‐analysis is the notion that these analyses will possess more power to detect effects than individual studies. This is inevitably the case under a fixed‐effect model. However, the inclusion of the between‐study variance in the random‐effects model, and the need to estimate this parameter, can have unfortunate implications for this power. We develop methods for assessing the power of random‐effects meta‐analyses, and the average power of the individual studies that contribute to meta‐analyses, so that these powers can be compared. In addition to deriving new analytical results and methods, we apply our methods to 1991 meta‐analyses taken from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to retrospectively calculate their powers. We find that, in practice, 5 or more studies are needed to reasonably consistently achieve powers from random‐effects meta‐analyses that are greater than the studies that contribute to them. Not only is statistical inference under the random‐effects model challenging when there are very few studies but also less worthwhile in such cases. The assumption that meta‐analysis will result in an increase in power is challenged by our findings.