Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for mature bulges and an inside-out quenching phase 3 billion years after the Big Bang

Eat your heart out, old galaxies Most galaxies exceeding 100 billion solar masses are dense spheroids that exhibit no star-forming activity in the present day. Nevertheless, galaxies of the same size were actively forming stars when the universe was only a few billion years old. Tacchella et al. used integral-field spectroscopy and high-resolution imaging to map the distributions of star formation rates and stellar mass densities within ancient galaxies. Star formation apparently quenched first in the center, while remaining lively in the galactic outskirts, with quenching taking a few billion years to proceed outward. Science, this issue p. 314 Mapping star-forming activity and densities shows an evolutionary connection between galaxies at z ~ 2.2 and those 10 million years later. Most present-day galaxies with stellar masses ≥1011 solar masses show no ongoing star formation and are dense spheroids. Ten billion years ago, similarly massive galaxies were typically forming stars at rates of hundreds solar masses per year. It is debated how star formation ceased, on which time scales, and how this “quenching” relates to the emergence of dense spheroids. We measured stellar mass and star-formation rate surface density distributions in star-forming galaxies at redshift 2.2 with ~1-kiloparsec resolution. We find that, in the most massive galaxies, star formation is quenched from the inside out, on time scales less than 1 billion years in the inner regions, up to a few billion years in the outer disks. These galaxies sustain high star-formation activity at large radii, while hosting fully grown and already quenched bulges in their cores.
Analysis of ErbB Receptors in Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the expression of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases in pulmonary typical carcinoid and atypical carcinoid tumors and to understand the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in pulmonary carcinoid tumor proliferation. Experimental Design: Surgically resected typical carcinoid (n = 24) and atypical carcinoid (n = 7) tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. Sequencing of tumor DNA of exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene and the KRAS gene was carried out. Biochemical analysis of lung carcinoid cell lines was used to investigate EGFR signal transduction and response to erlotinib inhibition. Results: The analysis showed that 45.8% of typical carcinoid and 28.6% of atypical carcinoid tumors express EGFR, 100% of the tumors lack expression of ErbB2, and 100% have moderate to intense staining for ErbB3 and ErbB4. Sequencing of tumor DNA of exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene revealed the absence of tyrosine kinase domain mutations in these tumors. Instead, 80.6% tumors harbored a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 20. Because EGFR and KRAS mutations tend not to be present at the same time, we sequenced the KRAS gene from pulmonary carcinoid tumor DNA and found that 100% were wild-type. Using a lung carcinoid cell line that expresses EGFR, we found that erlotinib reduced proliferation by inhibiting EGFR signal transduction. Conclusions: Our findings suggest clinical potential for the use of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors, particularly for patients with EGFR-positive pulmonary carcinoid tumors not amenable to surgical resection.
Addressing ethical issues in the psychiatric research literature.

A llegations of ethical problems in psychiatric research have received intense public attention in the past few years. Two of the most widely publicized examples are research involving withdrawing medication from patients with schizophrenia at the University of California, Los Angeles, investigated by the US Office of Protection From Research Risks, and litigation concerning research conducted by the New York State Office of Mental Health. 1,2 Philip J. Hilts, writing in the science section of The New York Times, described a range of psychiatric research considered to be ethically problematic , including " challenge " experiments in which psychiatric patients were administered drugs to study provoked symptoms. 3 The Boston Globe recently published a 4-part series, entitled " Doing Harm: Research on the Mentally Ill, " detailing alleged abuses of human subjects in psychiatric research. 4-7 The use of placebos in research that tests new drugs to treat psychiatric disorders has also been criticized in the professional medical literature. 8 In December 1998, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission issued a comprehensive report and recommendations on research involving subjects who suffer from psychiatric disorders with the potential to impair decision-making capacity. 9 Some of the criticisms of psychiatric research expose genuine ethical problems, while others distort the scientific and ethical contexts of studies alleged to be abusive. In view of public and professional attention to the ethics of psychiatric research, we recommend that published reports of psychiatric research address ethical issues in a more comprehensive fashion. It is rare for these journal articles to go beyond stating that the research was approved by an institutional review board (IRB) and that investigators obtained informed consent from the research subjects. This minimal attention to ethical issues is sufficient for studies that are not ethically problematic. However, more detailed discussion of ethical issues is warranted in reports of research involving patients with disorders that may impair decision-making capacity, such as Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia, and in reports of research involving interventions that pose ethical concerns—for example, studies in which patients are withdrawn from standard medications, receive a placebo treatment trial, or are administered a challenge agent that can provoke psychiatric symptoms. In published accounts of the results of such research, ethical issues concerning the process of obtaining informed consent and the risks of harm or distress associated with research procedures need to be addressed. We suggest that there is an analogy between devoting attention …
Response to treatment with azacitidine in children with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Advanced myelodysplastic syndrome harbors a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia and poor prognosis. In children, there is no established treatment to prevent or delay progression to leukemia prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Azacitidine is a hypomethylating agent, which was shown to slow progression to leukemia in adults with myelodysplastic syndrome. There is little data on the efficacy of azacitidine in children. We reviewed 22 pediatric patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome from a single center, diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2015. Of those, eight patients received off-label azacitidine before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A total of 31 cycles were administered and modification or delay occurred in four of them due to cytopenias, infection, nausea/vomiting, and transient renal impairment. Bone marrow blast percentages in azacitidine-treated patients decreased significantly from a median of 15% (range 9–31%) at the start of treatment to 5.5% (0–12%, P=0.02) before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Following azacitidine treatment, four patients (50%) achieved marrow remission, and none progressed. In contrast, three untreated patients (21.4%) had progressive disease characterized by >50% increase in blast counts or progression to leukemia. Azacitidine-treated patients had significantly increased 4-year event-free survival (P=0.04); predicted 4-year overall survival was 100% versus 69.3% in untreated patients (P=0.1). In summary, azacitidine treatment prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was well tolerated in pediatric patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, led to partial or complete bone marrow response in seven of eight patients (87.5%), and correlated with superior event-free survival in this cohort.
REVIEW OF HEART DISEASE PREDICTION SYSTEM USING DATA MINING AND HYBRID INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

The Healthcare industry generally clinical diagnosis is done mostly by doctor's expertise and experience. Computer Aided Decision Support System plays a major role in medical field. With the growing research on heart disease predicting system, it has become important to categories the research outcomes and provides readers with an overview of the existing heart disease prediction techniques in each category. Neural Networks are one of many data mining analytical tools that can be utilized to make predictions for medical data. From the study it is observed that Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm improves the accuracy of the heart disease prediction system. The commonly used techniques for Heart Disease Prediction and their complexities are summarized in this paper.
Pax 3 functions in cell survival and in pax 7 regulation

During mouse embryogenesis, dorso-medial somitic mesoderm gives rise to the epaxial deep back muscles, and ventro-lateral somitic mesoderm gives rise to the hypaxial body wall and limb muscles (Buckingham, 1992). Multiple signaling processes are required to determine presomitic mesoderm to form these different muscle lineages. These signals initiate and maintain lineage-specific gene expression, regulate the spatial domain of gene expression, and control cell growth, survival and differentiation. Two bHLH transcription factors, Myf5 and MyoD, are essential for the determination of the presomitic mesoderm to skeletal muscle lineages, because targeted mutations in Myf5 and MyoD genes result in mice that entirely lack skeletal muscles and myogenic progenitor cells (Rudnicki et al., 1993). However, mice lacking either MyoD or Myf5 form normal embryonic musculature, indicating that compensatory mechanisms can override initial defects (Braun et al., 1992; Rudnicki et al., 1993). The basis for this compensation is not yet well understood, but loss of MyoD function results in upregulation of Myf5 in somitic cells (Rudnicki et al., 1992), and loss of Myf5 function results in a delay in myotome formation, which recovers after the later onset of MyoD expression (Braun et al., 1994; Tajbakhsh et al., 1997). Insertion of lacZ into the Myf5 locus reveals that somitic mesodermal cells that lack Myf5 function can adopt alternate dermatome or sclerotome somitic fates prior to MyoD activation, or can engage in myogenesis once MyoD is activated (Tajbakhsh et al., 1996), demonstrating that Myf5 is an essential gene for the initiation of early myogenic determination. In agreement with this observation, Myf5 is the earliest regulatory gene activated in epaxial and hypaxial muscle lineages in mouse embryos at E8.5, while MyoD expression is first observed at E9.75 (Ott et al., 1991; Sassoon et al., 1989; Tajbakhsh et al., 1996). Early expression of Myf5 is confined to the dorso-medial epaxial domain of somites, and is then detected in the ventro-lateral hypaxial domain of somites (Ott et al., 1991; Tajbakhsh et al., 1996). MyoD expression follows that of Myf5, and is first detected in the ventro-lateral hypaxial domain of somites, and then in the dorso-medial epaxial domain (Ott et al., 1991; Sassoon et al., 1989; Tajbakhsh et al., 1996). Another key regulatory gene in myogenesis is Pax3, which is a member of the Paired Box transcription factor family (Borycki and Emerson, 1997; Goulding et al., 1991; Tajbakhsh et al., 1997). Pax3 function in appendicular muscle formation is well established; Splotch (Sp) mutant mice, in which a mutation disrupts Pax3 function, do not form limb muscles (Auerbach, 1954; Franz et al., 1993; Goulding et al., 1994). In Sp mutants, hypaxial muscle progenitors do not 1665 Development 126, 1665-1674 (1999) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1999 DEV4088
Cortical oscillations and synaptic plasticity : from a single neuron to neural networks

Abstract of the thesis entitled “Cortical oscillations and synaptic plasticity— from a single neuron to neural networks” submitted by Xiumin Li for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in September 2010 Supervisor: Dr. Michael Smallof the thesis entitled “Cortical oscillations and synaptic plasticity— from a single neuron to neural networks” submitted by Xiumin Li for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in September 2010 Supervisor: Dr. Michael Small Cortical oscillations have been widely observed in the brain cortex and play a crucial role for understanding temporal correlations between neurons in cortical circuits. Synchronous activities of neuronal populations, which produce cortical oscillations, have close relationship with synaptic connectivity of neural networks. In this thesis, two kinds of cortical rhythms — beta oscillation (10 ∼ 30 Hz) and gamma oscillation (30 ∼ 80 Hz) — together with the evolution of neural network by synaptic plasticity are investigated. Firstly, the influence of distal-dendritic inhibitory oscillations on the somatic firing rate of a biologically detailed layer V pyramidal neuron model is examined. An optimal release from the impact of inhibitory inputs oscillating around beta frequency is observed at the apical tuft dendrites. This preferred frequency range for the maximal firing rate is free from the influence of many parameters, including the frequency of pre-synaptic inhibitory spikes, the peak conductance of the GABA receptor synaptic conductance and NMDA receptors. However, removing the hyperpolarization-activated current eliminated this resonance. There is also a critical dependence of resonant frequency on the existence of bursts. The optimal
The role of Facebook in attitude change toward Black Pete

The figure Black Pete as part of the yearly Sinterklaas festivities have been reason for discussion in the Netherlands for decades. However, in the past few years the discussion has intensified with an increasing number of Dutch people rooting for change. Drawing from the theoretical literature on attitude change and through 14 semi-structured interviews with Dutch citizens, this study aims to understand how current Black Pete opponents explain their attitude change from supporting the tradition, with a specific focus on the role of Facebook therein. The data results show that the process of attitude change toward Black Pete consists out of five stages, namely the initial positive attitude, existing personality, awareness, acknowledgement and the actual attitude change. Within the first stages initial influences for attitude change are proven to be personal contacts, primarily those on an international level and those that invoke empathic perspectives toward other individuals. Facebook’s role has proven to be immense in the process of attitude change toward Black Pete, especially in the stages of awareness, acknowledgement and actual attitude change. Facebook helped change attitudes and helped strengthen existing negative attitudes toward Black Pete by providing information and access to others’ perspectives quickly and easily, especially through the ability to join topic-specific groups and the newsfeed. This paper contributes to an understanding of the role of social media and in particular the social networking site Facebook in attitude change toward a Dutch cultural tradition.
A Model of the Determinants of Purchasing from Virtual Stores

Virtual stores are Internet-based innovations that influence the dynamics of consumer choice making. Utilizing the attitude-to-behavior theory, theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, functional theory of attitude, causal theory of action, and prior literature, we develop and empirically evaluate a model that describes consumer purchase decisions in a virtual store. We test the model using data collected from validated survey instruments for each of the constructs utilizing the structured equation modeling technique. The model helps in the design of virtual stores by describing how individuals who visit such stores can be induced to purchase from virtual stores. It describes that perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, and perceived peer influence impact attitude toward purchasing from a virtual store. Attitude toward purchasing from a virtual store, in turn, influences the actual purchasing from a virtual store. We discuss the implications for the design of virtual stores that lead to purchase decisions.
Bringing sexy back: Reclaiming the body aesthetic via self-shooting

This paper is based on visual narrative analysis of cyber-ethnographic material from a 2.5 year field-research with ‘not safe for work’ [NSFW] bloggers and self-shooters on tumblr.com. I use Koskela’s concept of ‘empowering exhibitionism’, Waskul’s ‘erotic looking glass’, and Foucault’s ‘technologies of the self’ to analyze self-shooting (taking photos of one-self). Constricting societal norms of sexuality, body shape and body practices influence how my participants (N=20, 10 female, 9 male, 1 transgender, ages 21 - 51, average age 34) live their embodied and sexual lives. Through self-shooting and by negotiating the community specific issues of control, power and the gaze, they are able to construct a new, empowered, embodied identity for themselves. I look at self-shooting and selfie-blogging as a practice of reclaiming control over one’s embodied self AND over the body-aesthetic, thus appropriating what is and is not ‘sexy’. The NSFW self-shooting community offers a safe space otherwise so hard to find within the body/sexuality-normative mainstream culture. This makes self-shooting a collective therapeutic activity. In their self-images participants construct themselves as ‘beautiful’, ‘sexy’, ‘devious’, ‘more than just a mother and an employee’ and as someone who ‘likes their body instead of trying to not hate it’. The technologies of the self activated through diaristic blogging and selfie sharing, along with the empowerment from interactions with peers take bloggers on a path of sexual awakening and reintroduce them to their own bodies.
Clinical experience with oral methadone administration in the treatment of pain in 196 advanced cancer patients.

PURPOSE The aims of this study were to describe the analgesia, side effects, and dosage and the causes of suspension of treatment in a large sample of advanced cancer patients with pain after treatment with oral methadone from 7 to 90 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, data collected for 196 advanced cancer outpatients with moderate to severe pain treated at 8-hour intervals with oral methadone in solution form from February 1993 to February 1995 were analyzed at baseline (time 0) and then at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days. The following parameters were assessed: Karnofsky Performance Status, intensity of pain (using the Integrated Pain Score [IPS], intensity of pain, insomnia, drowsiness, confusion, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and dyspnea (using the Therapy Impact Questionnaire [TIQ], mean daily dose of drug administered, and reasons for withdrawal from study. The period when pain was reduced by > or = 35% with respect to baseline was evaluated with the Palliation Index. The association of the degree of palliation of pain with the age of the patients, tumor site, analgesic treatment taken at baseline, and daily mean dose of methadone administered during the follow-up period was analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS A reduction in pain intensity with respect to baseline occurred at each analysis time, and in 55.1% of the patients the reduction during the follow-up period was > or = 35% according to the Palliation Index. The mean dose of oral methadone ranged from 14 mg at day 7 to 23.65 mg at day 90. There was an overall worsening of the other symptoms, but a high percentage of the patients reported an amelioration of insomnia with respect to baseline. There was a statistically significant association (P < .0001) between the Palliation Index and the analgesic therapy administered at baseline. Only 11.2% of the patients withdrew from the study due to analgesic inefficacy and 6.6% due to methadone-related side effects (10 patients with drowsiness and three with severe constipation. CONCLUSION Oral methadone administered every 8 hours was shown to be an appropriate analgesic therapy in the treatment of advanced cancer-related pain. The worsening of the other symptoms under study can be considered linked to the progression of the disease, and in fact, only a small percentage of the patients reported methadone-related side effects that warranted suspension of treatment. We consider oral methadone to be a useful analgesic therapy, and it should be considered in clinical practice for the treatment of cancer pain.
Promoting Peer Interactions in Inclusive Classrooms for Students Who Use Speech-Generating Devices

Even when enrolled in general education classes, students with complex communication challenges may remain socially isolated from their classmates when receiving one-to-one paraprofessional support. We evaluated the efficacy and social validity of an intervention package incorporating paraprofessional facilitation, peer initiation, and increased availability of speech-generating devices (SGDs) for early adolescents with disabilities attending inclusive classrooms. Two students with an intellectual disability, their parents, peers without disabilities, paraprofessionals, and classroom teachers participated in this study. We used a multiple baseline design across participants and classrooms to evaluate the intervention package's impact on social interaction among students with and without disabilities. In addition, we conducted individual interviews to explore the acceptability of the multicomponent package. Following the intervention, students' interactions with peers increased in three classrooms and SGD use increased in all four classrooms. Participants perceived the intervention to be important, appropriate, and beneficial. We discuss implications and recommendations for improving the social participation of students with complex communication challenges.
Peer Evaluations, and Team Learning In Undergraduate and Graduate Education

Peer Evaluations This paper reviewed the available literature concerning the use of student peer evaluations and team learning in undergraduate and graduate education. The literature clearly demonstrates that the simple act of how an instructor assigns groups has a significant impact on the grades their students receive. Also clear from the literature is that training should precede the use of peer evaluations in any classroom setting. Further, student assigned grades become more accurate with training and practice. Although there are several potential problems with the use student peer evaluations and team learning, there are also very pronounced student benefits. Generally, students have been shown to improve their learning, retention, and overall grades when group projects and peer evaluations are correctly used. Tenth Annual College of Career Education Faculty Symposium on Teaching Effectiveness October 2002 Page 39
Minimal Length Scale Scenarios for Quantum Gravity

We review the question of whether the fundamental laws of nature limit our ability to probe arbitrarily short distances. First, we examine what insights can be gained from thought experiments for probes of shortest distances, and summarize what can be learned from different approaches to a theory of quantum gravity. Then we discuss some models that have been developed to implement a minimal length scale in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. These models have entered the literature as the generalized uncertainty principle or the modified dispersion relation, and have allowed the study of the effects of a minimal length scale in quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, thermodynamics, black-hole physics and cosmology. Finally, we touch upon the question of ways to circumvent the manifestation of a minimal length scale in short-distance physics.