Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tempol, a Membrane-Permeable Radical Scavenger, Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Effects in the Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis Rat Model

To date, it remains unclear whether mild form of acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause myocardial damage which may be asymptomatic for a long time. Pathogenesis of AP-related cardiac injury may be attributed in part to ROS/RNS overproduction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress changes in both the pancreas and the heart and to estimate the protective effects of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (tempol) at the early phase of AP. Cerulein-induced AP led to the development of acute edematous pancreatitis with a significant decrease in the level of sulfhydryl (–SH) groups (oxidation marker) both in heart and in pancreatic tissues as well as a substantial increase in plasma creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity (marker of the heart muscle lesion) which confirmed the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage. The tempol treatment significantly reduced the intensity of inflammation and oxidative damage and decreased the morphological evidence of pancreas injury at early AP stages. Moreover, it markedly attenuated AP-induced cardiac damage revealed by normalization of the –SH group levels and CK-MB activity. On the basis of these studies, it is possible to conclude that tempol has a profound protective effect against cardiac and pancreatic damage induced by AP.
Who Are the High-Cost Users? A Method for Person-Centred Attribution of Health Care Spending

Objective To develop person-centered episodes of care (PCE) for community-dwelling individuals in the top fifth percentile of Ontario health care expenditures in order to: (1) describe the main clinical groupings for spending; and (2) identify patterns of spending by health sector (e.g. acute care, home care, physician billings) within and across PCE. Data sources Data were drawn from population-based administrative databases for all publicly funded health care in Ontario, Canada in 2010/11. Study design This study is a retrospective cohort study. Data collection/extraction methods A total of 587,982 community-dwelling individuals were identified among those accounting for the top 5% of provincial health care expenditures between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2011. PCE were defined as starting with an acute care admission and persisting through subsequent care settings and providers until individuals were without health system contact for 30 days. PCE were classified according to the clinical grouping for the initial admission. PCE and non-PCE costs were calculated and compared to provide a comprehensive measurement of total health system costs for the year. Principal findings Among this community cohort, 697,059 PCE accounted for nearly 70% ($11,815.3 million (CAD)) of total annual publicly-funded expenditures on high-cost community-dwelling individuals. The most common clinical groupings to start a PCE were Acute Planned Surgical (35.2%), Acute Unplanned Medical (21.0%) and Post-Admission Events (10.8%). Median PCE costs ranged from $3,865 (IQR = $1,712-$10,919) for Acute Planned Surgical to $20,687 ($12,207-$39,579) for Post-Admission Events. Inpatient acute ($8,194.5 million) and inpatient rehabilitation ($434.6 million) health sectors accounted for the largest proportions of allocated PCE spending over the year. Conclusions Our study provides a novel methodological approach to categorize high-cost health system users into meaningful person-centered episodes. This approach helps to explain how costs are attributable within individuals across sectors and has applications in episode-based payment formulas and quality monitoring.
Dynamic Memory Networks for Visual and Textual Question Answering

Neural network architectures with memory and attention mechanisms exhibit certain reasoning capabilities required for question answering. One such architecture, the dynamic memory network (DMN), obtained high accuracy on a variety of language tasks. However, it was not shown whether the architecture achieves strong results for question answering when supporting facts are not marked during training or whether it could be applied to other modalities such as images. Based on an analysis of the DMN, we propose several improvements to its memory and input modules. Together with these changes we introduce a novel input module for images in order to be able to answer visual questions. Our new DMN+ model improves the state of the art on both the Visual Question Answering dataset and the \babi-10k text question-answering dataset without supporting fact supervision.
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES IN THE MITOCHONDRIA OF NORMAL HUMAN LIVER PARENCHYMAL CELLS

Inclusions have been observed in the mitochon~ dr ia of h u m a n liver parenchymal cells in a n u m b e r of pathological states and have been variously described as "crystal l ine," "para-crystal l ine," "myel in figures," or "myel in degenerat ion" (1-12). I t is generally assumed tha t these structures represent an abnormal change, little emphasis having been placed on their occurrence in normal specimens (3, 7). T he present brief note reports the finding of such in t rami tochondrial inclusions in parenchymal cells from normal h u m a n liver. Following fixation, all blocks were dehydrated in graded alcohols and embedded in Epikote 812, essentially as described by Luft (16). Sections were cut with glass knives on a Porter-Blum microtome and were mounted on carbon-coated grids (17); they were stained either with a saturated alcoholic solution of uranyl acetate (18), or with lead tartrate (19), or a combination of both, and were then examined in a Philips electron microscope Model EM 200.
Chosen-Ciphertext Secure Identity-Based Encryption in the Standard Model with short Ciphertexts

We describe a practical identity-based encryption scheme that is secure in the standard model againstchosen-ciphertext(IND-CCA2)attacks. Securityisbasedonanassumptioncomparableto (but slightly stronger than) Bilinear Decisonal Di‐e-Hellman (BDDH). A comparison shows that our construction outperforms all known identity-based encryption schemes in the standard model anditsperformanceisevencomparablewiththeonefromtherandom-oraclebasedBoneh/Franklin IBEscheme. OurproposedIBEschemehasfurthermorethepropertythatitfulflllssomenotionof \redundancy-freeness",i.e. theencryptionalgorithmisnotonlyaprobabilisticinjectionbutalsoa surjection. As a consequence the ciphertext overhead is nearly optimal: to encrypt k bit messages for k bit identities and with k bit randomness we get 3k bit ciphertexts to guarantee (roughly) k bits of security.
Random polynomials having few or no real zeros

Consider a polynomial of large degree n whose coefficients are independent, identically distributed, nondegenerate random variables having zero mean and finite moments of all orders. We show that such a polynomial has exactly k real zeros with probability n−b+o(1) as n → ∞ through integers of the same parity as the fixed integer k ≥ 0. In particular, the probability that a random polynomial of large even degree n has no real zeros is n−b+o(1). The finite, positive constant b is characterized via the centered, stationary Gaussian process of correlation function sech(t/2). The value of b depends neither on k nor upon the specific law of the coefficients. Under an extra smoothness assumption about the law of the coefficients, with probability n−b+o(1) one may specify also the approximate locations of the k zeros on the real line. The constant b is replaced by b/2 in case the i.i. d. coefficients have a nonzero mean.
The nature of the finite temperature QCD transition as a function of the quark masses

The finite temperature QCD transition for physical quark masses is a crossover. For smaller quark masses a first-order phase transition is expected. Using Symanzik improved gauge and stout improved fermion action for 2+1 flavour staggered QCD we give estimates/bounds for the phase line separating the first-order region from the crossover one. The calculations are carried out on two different lattice spacings. Our conclusion for the critical mass is $m_0 \lesssim 0.07 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=4$ and $m_0 \lesssim 0.12 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=6$ lattices.
Adaptation to recent conflict in the classical color-word Stroop-task mainly involves facilitation of processing of task-relevant information

To process information selectively and to continuously fine-tune selectivity of information processing are important abilities for successful goal-directed behavior. One phenomenon thought to represent this fine-tuning are conflict adaptation effects in interference tasks, i.e., reduction of interference after an incompatible trial and when incompatible trials are frequent. The neurocognitive mechanisms of these effects are currently only partly understood and results from brainimaging studies so far are mixed. In our study we validate and extend recent findings by examining adaption to recent conflict in the classical Stroop task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Consistent with previous research we found increased activity in a fronto-parietal network comprising the medial prefrontal cortex, ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex when contrasting incompatible with compatible trials. These areas have been associated with attentional processes and might reflect increased cognitive conflict and resolution thereof during incompatible trials. While carefully controlling for non-attentional sequential effects we found smaller Stroop interference after an incompatible trial (conflict adaptation effect). These behavioral conflict adaptation effects were accompanied by changes in activity in visual color-selective areas (V4, V4α), while there was no modulation by previous trial compatibility in a visual word-selective area (VWFA). Our results provide further evidence for the notion, that adaptation to recent conflict seems to be based mainly on enhancement of processing of the task-relevant information.
Existence of solutions for generalized vector equilibrium problems

In this paper, several definitions for generalized convexity and generalized monotonicity are introduced, and the relationships between a generalized vector equilibrium problem and its dual problem for these generalized convex and generalized monotone mappings are considered. By making use of Nadler's Lemma and the fixed point theorem of set-valued mapping, the existence theorems of solutions for the generalized vector equilibrium problems are obtained. The results presented here are more general and interesting.
Constructions of Representations of Rank Two Semisimple Lie Algebras with Distributive Lattices

We associate one or two posets (which we call "semistandard posets") to any given irreducible representation of a rank two semisimple Lie algebra over ${\Bbb C}$. Elsewhere we have shown how the distributive lattices of order ideals taken from semistandard posets (we call these "semistandard lattices") can be used to obtain certain information about these irreducible representations. Here we show that some of these semistandard lattices can be used to present explicit actions of Lie algebra generators on weight bases (Theorem 5.1), which implies these particular semistandard lattices are supporting graphs. Our descriptions of these actions are explicit in the sense that relative to the bases obtained, the entries for the representing matrices of certain Lie algebra generators are rational coefficients we assign in pairs to the lattice edges. In Theorem 4.4 we show that if such coefficients can be assigned to the edges, then the assignment is unique up to products; we conclude that the associated weight bases enjoy certain uniqueness and extremal properties (the "solitary" and "edge-minimal" properties respectively). Our proof of this result is uniform and combinatorial in that it depends only on certain properties possessed by all semistandard posets. For certain families of semistandard lattices some of these results were obtained in previous papers; in Proposition 5.6 we explicitly construct new weight bases for a certain family of rank two symplectic representations. These results are used to help obtain in Theorem 5.1 the classification of those semistandard lattices which are supporting graphs.
Combined automatic immunological and molecular cytogenetic analysis allows exact identification and quantification of tumor cells in the bone marrow.

PURPOSE To improve the detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood samples of solid tumor patients, a novel computer-assisted scanning system for automatic search, image analysis, and repositioning of these cells was developed. This system allows precise identification and quantification of tumor cells by sequential immunological and molecular cytogenetic analysis. In this study, we attempt to demonstrate the practical use of this approach by analyzing BM samples from neuroblastoma patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The disialo-ganglioside (GD2) molecule was used as the immunological target. The GD2 molecule was described as being specific for neuroblastoma cells, although false positive reactions had been suspected. To verify or disprove the neoplastic nature of the immunologically positive cells, sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on these cells to search for those genetic aberrations found in the corresponding primary tumors. A total of 115 samples from 40 newly diagnosed patients were evaluated for the presence of GD2(+) cells in the BM. RESULTS GD2 positivity was detected in 95.2% of stage 4 patients, in 100% of stage 4s patients, and in 38.5% of patients with localized/regional disease. In stage 4 and 4s BM samples, the GD2(+) cells were unequivocally identified as tumor cells based on the molecular cytogenetic aberrations found by fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, in BM samples from patients with localized/regional disease, all GD2(+) cells were concluded to represent false positivity due to the absence of genetic aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Automatic search and sequential molecular cytogenetic analysis of the immunologically positive cells provide precise information on both the number and cytogenetic profile of disseminated tumor cells.
Ultraluminous infrared galaxies

The IRAS survey of the local universe (z≾0.1) has revealed the existence of a class of ultraluminous infrared galaxies with L(8-1000μm) > 10^(12)L⊙ that are slightly more numerous, and as luminous as optically selected quasars at similar redshift. Optical CCD images of these infrared galaxies show that nearly all are advanced mergers. Millimeter-wave CO (1 → 0) observations indicate that these interacting systems are extremely rich in molecular gas with total H_2 masses 1-3 x 10^(10) M⊙. Nearly all of the ultraluminous infrared galaxies show some evidence in their optical spectra for nonthermal nuclear activity. It is proposed that their infrared luminosity is powered by an embedded active nucleus and a nuclear starburst both of which are fueled by the tremendous reservoir of molecular gas. Once these merger nuclei shed their obscuring dust, allowing the AGN to visually dominate the decaying starburst, they become the optically selected quasars.
The Learning Preferences of Digital Learners in K-12 Schools in China.

Background:Students grown up with digital technology and Internet are called digital natives or net generation. All others, who grew up without so much immersion with digital technologies are called digital immigrants. Researchers held different ideas on whether a new generation of learners existed. The foci of the debate is whether taking age as the main symbol to divide “digital native” and “digital immigrants”. Material and methods:This paper presents the analysis of the debate and on that basis hypothesizes that the time length for using technology could be used as the criteria for digital learners. In order to test the hypothesis and understand learners’ learning preference, a large-scale survey with 44470 participants and 7 focus group interviews were conducted.Results:Results showed NetizenYears could be used as the criteria of digital learners, and non-digital learners and digital learners had significantly different Internet use patterns. More positive attitudes to Internet, more active participation online and more tendency to Internet addiction were found for digital learners with NetizenYears increasing.Conclusions:The gap between digital learner’s preferred learning approach and teaching methods in classroom was discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion on using the time length of using technology as the criteria for digital learners.
Large-scale augmentative biological control of Asian corn borer using Trichogramma in China: a success story.

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is the most destructive pest of corn in China. It causes 6 to 9 million ton yield loss in an average year. Biological control using releases of Trichogramma has increased greatly since T. dendrolimi Matsumura can be successfully mass reared on eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi Guérin-Méneville. The process and technique for mass production and releasing of Trichogramma has been greatly improved in recent years. A series of machines and devices for mass rearing the Trichogramma with the eggs of oak silkworm has been developed, which promote Trichogramma production and make application for control of the Asian corn borer more practical and efficient. Asian corn borer control by release of T. dendrolimi on a large scale has been the key pest management technique in North China. In T. dendrolimi release areas parasitism of corn borer eggs ranged from 73.4% to 87.8%, with a 92.5% decrease of stalk-boring. Overall, augmentative releases have been made on 4.1 million ha of corn from 1990 to 2002 in Jilin Province with good pest control effects. T. dendrolimi and T. chilonis have been successfully produced by means of artificial host eggs and releases of these have had similar effects to the same species reared from factitious host eggs. Field application techniques also have been greatly improved. Large ecological and economic benefits have been achieved in the area where Trichogramma have been released continuously for many years. In Miyun County of Beijing, where Trichogramma have been released for more than 20 years, populations of natural enemies in cornfields have increased, which allow natural control of other insect pests without application of pesticides. Parasitism due to natural Trichogramma increased from 1% and 79.3% in 1980 to 33% and 92% in 1991 for first and third generation of Asian corn borer eggs, respectively. In Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, the mean borer holes and number of larvae per hundred stalks decreased by 73.66% and 75.93%, respectively, where the Trichogramma were released from 1990 to 1996. In recent years Trichogramma releases for control of Asian corn borer cover 1 to 1.3 million ha annually, and have become one of the key techniques for IPM of corn pests in China.
Visualizing the Invisible Hand of Markets : Simulating complex dynamic economic interactions

In complex systems, many different parts interact in non-obvious ways. Traditional research focuses on a few or a single aspect of the problem so as to analyze it with the tools available. To get an insight of phenomena that emerge from complex interactions, we need instruments that can analyze complex interactions of many parts simultaneously. Here, a simulator modeling different type of economies is explored in regard to its power in visualizing quantitatively complex aspects affecting the economic dynamics. The main conclusions are: 1Relative simple economic settings produce complex non-linear dynamics and therefore linear regressions are unsuitable to capture complex economic dynamics; 2Flexible pricing of goods by individual agents according to their micro-environment increases the health and wealth of the society, but price asymmetries between buyers and sellers have strong effects on the economic dynamics; 3Prices for goods conferring high risk long term benefits are not tracked efficiently by simple market forces. 4Division of labor creates synergies that improve enormously the health and wealth of the society by increasing the efficient of economic activity. 5Stochastic modeling might predict some aspects of real economies, but didactic games based based on it might help policy makers and non specialists in grasping the complex dynamics underlying even simple economic settings.
Tracking 3D pose of rigid objects using Inverse Compositional Active Appearance Models

This paper presents a method for tracking the 3D pose of rigid objects. The proposed method is a 3D extension of the appearance-based approach called Active Appearance Models (AAM). Here, the 3D shape of the object and the geometry of the camera are added as part of the minimizing parameters of the AAM algorithm in order to determine the full 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) pose of the object. This work is a twofold, major improvement of our previous work: First by applying the inverse compositional algorithm to the image alignment phase; and second, by incorporating the image gradient information into the same image alignment formulation. Both improvements make the method not only more time efficient, but they also increase the tracking accuracy, especially when the object is not rich in texture. Moreover, since our method is appearance-based, it does not require any customized feature extractions, which also translates into a more flexible alternative to situations with cluttered background, complex and irregular features, etc. The proposed method is compared with our previous work and with a previously developed algorithm using a geometric-based approach.
The metalloprotease Kuzbanian (ADAM10) mediates the transactivation of EGF receptor by G protein–coupled receptors

Communication between different signaling pathways enables cells to coordinate the responses to diverse environmental signals. Activation of the transmembrane growth factor precursors plays a critical role in this communication and often involves metalloprotease-mediated proteolysis. Stimulation of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR) transactivates the EGF receptors (EGFRs), which occurs via a metalloprotease-dependent cleavage of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF). However, the metalloprotease mediating the transactivation remains elusive. We show that the integral membrane metalloprotease Kuzbanian (KUZ; ADAM10), which controls Notch signaling in Drosophila, stimulates GPCR transactivation of EGFR. Upon stimulation of the bombesin receptors, KUZ increases the docking and activation of adaptors Src homology 2 domain–containing protein and Gab1 on the EGFR, and activation of Ras and Erk. In contrast, transfection of a protease domain–deleted KUZ, or blocking endogenous KUZ by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, suppresses the transactivation. The effect of KUZ on shedding of HB-EGF and consequent transactivation of the EGFR depends on its metalloprotease activity. GPCR activation enhances the association of KUZ and its substrate HB-EGF with tetraspanin CD9. Thus, KUZ regulates the relay between the GPCR and EGFR signaling pathways.