Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deconversion: Qualitative and Quantitative Results from Cross-Cultural Research in Germany and the United States of America

This book presents case studies and empirical data of a phenomenon which increasingly gains popularity in Western societies: deconversion. There is, the authors argue, no better word than deconversion to describe processes of disengagement from religious orientations, because these have much in common with conversion; Termination of membership may eventually be the final step of deconversion, but it involves biographical and psychological dynamics which can and need to be reconstructed by qualitative approaches and analyzed by quantitative instruments. In the Bielefeld-based Cross-Cultural Study on Deconversion, disengagement processes from a variety of religious orientations in the U.S.A. and in Germany were examined, ranging from wellestablished religious organizations to new religious and fundamentalist groups. Nearly 1,200 persons participated in the study and were interviewed from 2002 to 2005. In the focus of the study are 100 deconverts from the U.S.A. and from Germany who were examined with narrative interviews, faith development interviews and an extensive questionnaire. For case study elaboration, the study followed a research design with an innovative triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data. Four chapters, corresponding to four types of deconversion, present 21 case studies. The highlights of the research project are new data on spirituality – the deconverts in particular appear to prefer a "more spiritual than religious" selfidentification – and in-depth analyses of a variety of deconversion narratives with special focus on personality factors, motivation, attitudes, religious development, psychological well-being and growth, religious fundamentalism and right-wing authoritarianism. The results of this project which was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft are of special relevance for counselling and pastoral care, for religious education and for people concerned with administration and management of religious groups and churches, but also for a wider audience interested in contemporary changes in the religious fields in the U.S.A. and Germany.
From stem cell to erythroblast: Regulation of red cell production at multiple levels by multiple hormones

This article reviews the regulation of production of red blood cells at several levels: ( 1 ) the ability of erythropoietin and adhesion to a fibronectin matrix to stimulate the rapid production of red cells by inducing terminal proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid CFU‐E progenitors; ( 2 ) the regulated expansion of the pool of earlier BFU‐E erythroid progenitors by glucocorticoids and other factors that occurs during chronic anemia or inflammation; and ( 3 ) the expansion of thehematopoietic cell pool to produce more progenitors of all hematopoietic lineages. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life 62(7): 492–496, 2010
Teaching hackers school computing culture and the future of cyber-rights

Apres avoir evoque le cout des attaques informatiques, l'A. plaide pour l'enseignement dans les ecoles d'une culture, ou ethique, qui maintiendrait un equilibre entre les cyber-libertes appreciees par les utilisateurs de l'internet et les cyber-responsabilites destinees a prevenir les actes de piratage malveillants. A travers le cas d'une ecole secondaire publique californienne servant de site de demonstration au ministere americain de l'education, il relate une etude ethnographique des succes et des echecs d'une tentative destinee a socialiser les etudiants hackers, et a les inciter a agir en tant que citoyens responsables dans un environnement en reseau.
Resealed Erythrocytes: A Novel Carrier for Drug Targeting

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, and have been extensively studied for their potential carrier capabilities for the delivery of drugs. Such drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes are prepared simply by collecting blood samples from the organism of interest, separating erythrocytes from plasma, entrapping drug in the erythrocytes, and resealing the resultant cellular carriers, these carriers are called resealed erythrocytes. An attempt has been made to make a review on the fabrication, in vitro characterization and biomedical application of Resealed erythrocytes.
Musical narrative and motives for culture in mother-infant vocal interaction

It takes about twelve months before a linguistic consciousness begins to emerge in the human infant. But this momentous accession to a realm of meaning where sounds and relations between sounds stand for things and events in symbolic ways crucially depends on a prehistory of meaningful communication by more direct, or more essential, means. The mastery of language enabling the discrete labelling of intentions, desires and beliefs with precise reference to non-present objects and events is generally associated with the singular development of human culture. Language and cultural knowledge are deemed to be two of the most distinctively human abilities. Thus having a consciousness of culture might depend on the child being able to understand words and speak, to partake in the conversational negotiation of norms and plans of action in talk or text. But well before infants start experimenting with newly acquired sounds of language, before they attend to the specific syllables that must be strung together to form a word standing for something in a local world of meaning held-incommon, they are involved in a non verbal semiosis of mimetic expression and sympathetic action, which is already distinctly human (Trevarthen, 1990; 1994).
Multi-Temporal Landsat Images and Ancillary Data for Land Use/Cover Change (LULCC) Detection in the Southwest of Burkina Faso, West Africa

Accurate quantification of land use/cover change (LULCC) is important for efficient environmental management, especially in regions that are extremely affected by climate variability and continuous population growth such as West Africa. In this context, accurate LULC classification and statistically sound change area estimates are essential for a better understanding of LULCC processes. This study aimed at comparing mono-temporal and multi-temporal LULC classifications as well as their combination with ancillary data and to determine LULCC across the heterogeneous landscape of southwest Burkina Faso using accurate classification results. Landsat data (1999, 2006 and 2011) and ancillary data served as input features for the random forest classifier algorithm. Five LULC classes were identified: woodland, mixed vegetation, bare surface, water and agricultural area. A reference database was established using different sources including high-resolution images, aerial photo and field data. LULCC and LULC classification accuracies, area and area uncertainty were computed based on the method of adjusted error matrices. The results revealed that multi-temporal classification significantly outperformed those solely based on mono-temporal data in the study area. However, combining mono-temporal imagery and ancillary data for LULC classification had the same accuracy level as multi-temporal classification which is an indication that this combination is an efficient alternative to multi-temporal classification in the study region, where cloud free images are rare. The LULCC map obtained had an overall accuracy of 92%. Natural vegetation loss was estimated to be 17.9% ± 2.5% between 1999 and 2011. The study area experienced an increase in agricultural area and bare surface at the expense of woodland and mixed vegetation, which attests to the ongoing deforestation. These results can serve as means of regional and global land cover products validation, as they provide a new validated data set with uncertainty estimates in heterogeneous ecosystems prone to classification errors.
Silicon Improves Maize Photosynthesis in Saline-Alkaline Soils

The research aimed to determine the effects of Si application on photosynthetic characteristics of maize on saline-alkaline soil, including photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of maize in the field with five levels (0, 45, 90, 150, and 225 kg·ha−1) of Si supplying. Experimental results showed that the values of P n, g s, and C i of maize were significantly enhanced while the values of E of maize were dramatically decreased by certain doses of silicon fertilizers, which meant that Si application with proper doses significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency of maize in different growth stages under stressing environment of saline-alkaline soil. The optimal dose of Si application in this experiment was 150 kg·ha−1 Si. It indicated that increase in maize photosynthesis under saline-alkaline stress took place by Si application with proper doses, which is helpful to improve growth and yield of maize.
PSB27: A thylakoid protein enabling Arabidopsis to adapt to changing light intensity

Significance Our results provide evidence that PSB27, a soluble protein of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen, is essential for enabling plants to adapt to changes in light intensity. Adaptation takes place independently of photosystem II supercomplexes and, based on work of others, of state transitions for the redistribution of light harvesting proteins. This finding opens the door to pursue the question of how photosynthesis adjusts to fluctuating sunlight and enables plants to grow under ever-changing environmental conditions. In earlier studies we have identified FKBP20-2 and CYP38 as soluble proteins of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen that are required for the formation of photosystem II supercomplexes (PSII SCs). Subsequent work has identified another potential candidate functional in SC formation (PSB27). We have followed up on this possibility and isolated mutants defective in the PSB27 gene. In addition to lack of PSII SCs, mutant plants were severely stunted when cultivated with light of variable intensity. The stunted growth was associated with lower PSII efficiency and defective starch accumulation. In response to high light exposure, the mutant plants also displayed enhanced ROS production, leading to decreased biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Unexpectedly, we detected a second defect in the mutant, namely in CP26, an antenna protein known to be required for the formation of PSII SCs that has been linked to state transitions. Lack of PSII SCs was found to be independent of PSB27, but was due to a mutation in the previously described cp26 gene that we found had no effect on light adaptation. The present results suggest that PSII SCs, despite being required for state transitions, are not associated with acclimation to changing light intensity. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that PSB27 plays an essential role in enabling plants to adapt to fluctuating light intensity through a mechanism distinct from photosystem II supercomplexes and state transitions.
Vulnerabilities and countermeasures in context-aware social rating services

Social trust and recommendation services are the most popular social rating systems today for service providers to learn about the social opinion or popularity of a product, item, or service, such as a book on Amazon, a seller on eBay, a story on Digg or a movie on Netflix. Such social rating systems are very convenient and offer alternative learning environments for decision makers, but they open the door for attackers to manipulate the social rating systems by selfishly promoting or maliciously demoting certain items. Although a fair amount of effort has been made to understand various risks and possible defense mechanisms to counter such attacks, most of the existing work to date has been devoted to studying specific types of attacks and their countermeasures. In this article, we argue that vulnerabilities in social rating systems and their countermeasures should be examined and analyzed in a systematic manner. We first give an overview of the common vulnerabilities and attacks observed in some popular social rating services. Next, we describe three types of attack strategies in two types of social rating systems, including a comprehensive theoretical analysis of their attack effectiveness and attack costs. Three context-aware countermeasures are then presented: (i) hiding user-item relationships, (ii) using confidence weight to distinguish popular and unpopular items, and (iii) incorporating time windows in trust establishment. We also provide an in-depth discussion on how these countermeasures can be used effectively to improve the robustness and trustworthiness of the social rating services.
The Job Satisfaction of Finnish Nursing Staff: The Development of a Job Satisfaction Scale and Survey Results

This paper describes the development of the Kuopio University Hospital Job Satisfaction Scale (KUHJSS) and the results of the survey. The scale was developed through a systematic literature review, and its validity and reliability were assessed using several psychometric properties including expert evaluation (n = 5), a pilot survey (n = 172), and exploratory factor analysis. The final version of KUHJSS included 37 items. A large sample psychometric evaluation was made by nursing staff (n = 2708). The exploratory factor analysis revealed seven factors with modest internal consistency (0.64–0.92). The staff reported relatively high job satisfaction. The greatest satisfaction was derived from motivating factors associated with the work; the least, from the job's demands. Respondents who considered their working units to provide an excellent quality of care reported the highest job satisfaction in every subarea (P < .0001). The KUHJSS proved to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring job satisfaction in hospital care.
Exploring the effectiveness of using big books in teaching primary English in Malaysian classrooms

There are many benefits of using stories for language and literacy development particularly in the areas of vocabulary(Cameron, 2001; Elley, 1989; Penno, Wilkinson & Moore 2002;Hargrave & Senechal, 2000) and reading comprehension. Yet, much is still unknown in second language (L2) contexts. This paper investigates the use of Big Books in primary English in Malaysia where English is taught as an official second language. It draws on transcript data from one teacher from one primary school to illustrate how students’ active participation and interest in language learning emerged as the teacher introduced Big Books instead of the textbook. Our data shows that practice with Big Books changes the interaction patterns and learning opportunities. Students were actively involved and they contributed to the discussions and made spontaneous comments about the stories. Most importantly,the teacher’s elicitation skill is essential in enhancing students’ learning. The Ministry of Education’s hopes to provide more active engagement and to increase students’ interests and motivation through stories were achieved.
Key drivers of consumer loyalty to Facebook fan pages

Purpose – With the rapid expansion of social networking sites, researchers and practitioners are challenged to understand drivers of customer loyalty in fan pages. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main drivers of Facebook fan page loyalty in order to promote the creation of affective links and long-term relationships with users. Design/methodology/approach – The impact of trust, fan page content dependency, attitude and consumer beliefs on loyalty to fan pages was tested through structural equation modelling techniques. The sample consisted of 691 Spanish Facebook users. Findings – Data analysis shows that attitude appears as a key variable in increasing loyalty to fan pages. The empirical study also found a significant positive influence of perceived usefulness, attitude, trust and dependency on loyalty in fan pages, and an indirect influence of perceived ease of use mediated by perceived usefulness and attitude. Practical implications – This research enables managers to know what aspects to .
Comparison of 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for epidural anaesthesia in lower extremity orthopaedic surgeries

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The Complexity of the Extendibility Problem for Finite Posets

For a finite poset P let EXT(P) denote the following decision problem. Given a finite poset Q and a partial map f from Q to P, decide whether f extends to a monotone total map from Q to P. It is easy to see that EXT(P) is in the complexity class NP. In [SIAM J. Comput. , 28 (1998), pp. 57-104], Feder and Vardi define the classes of width 1 and of bounded strict width constraint satisfaction problems for finite relational structures. Both classes belong to the broader class of bounded width problems in P. We prove that for any finite poset P, if EXT(P) has bounded strict width, then it has width 1. In other words, if a poset admits a near unanimity operation, it also admits a totally symmetric idempotent operation of any arity. In [Fund. Inform. , 28 (1996), pp. 165-182], Pratt and Tiuryn proved that SAT(P), a polynomial-time equivalent of EXT(P) is NP-complete if P is a crown. We generalize Pratt and Tiuryn's result on crowns by proving that EXT(P), is NP-complete for any finite poset P which admits no nontrivial idempotent Malcev condition.
Characteristics of motor unit discharge in subjects with hemiparesis

We studied the discharge rates recruitment characteristics of single motor units in paratic and contralateral arm muscles of 6 hemiparetic subjects. Motor unit activity in bicapes brachii was recorded at different elbow torques, and the activity related both to the mean level of surface electromyographic activity, and to the degree of weakness. In 3 of the 6 subjects, there were significant reductions in mean discharge rate of motor units in the paretic muscle. All 6 subjects showed compression of the range of motoneuron recuitment forces, and a failure to increase motor unit discharge rate during voluntary force increases in paretic muscles. These rate reductions could potentially alter the precise match of motoneuron properties to the mechanical properties of the innerved muscle fibers, and reduce the efficiency of muscle contraction. This reduction could lead, in turn to increased effort, to fatigue, and ultimately to a sense of weaknes for voluntary force generation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elementary Students' Accounts of Optimal Challenge in Physical Education.

The purpose of this study was to examine elementary school students’ accounts of optimal challenge. Twenty-seven children (aged 7-9 years) participated in semi-structured interviews during which they were shown a video-recording of their participation in a physical education class and invited to describe their experiences of optimally challenging activities. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and initially subjected to an inductive coding procedure. Data were then more interpretively analyzed to explore relationships between identified categories and explain the process of optimal challenge in physical education. Findings revealed that optimally challenging experiences were facilitated by (a) the provision of opportunities to modify the challenge level of the activity and (b) possessing enough skill or ability. Optimally challenging experiences were associated with feelings of positive affect (i.e., fun, enjoyment, and motivation to continue engaging in the activity). Findings are discussed with reference to the extant optimal challenge literature and future research directions are considered.
SemEval-2015 Task 13: Multilingual All-Words Sense Disambiguation and Entity Linking

In this paper we present the Multilingual AllWords Sense Disambiguation and Entity Linking task. Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and Entity Linking (EL) are well-known problems in the Natural Language Processing field and both address the lexical ambiguity of language. Their main difference lies in the kind of meaning inventories that are used: EL uses encyclopedic knowledge, while WSD uses lexicographic information. Our aim with this task is to analyze whether, and if so, how, using a resource that integrates both kinds of inventories (i.e., BabelNet 2.5.1) might enable WSD and EL to be solved by means of similar (even, the same) methods. Moreover, we investigate this task in a multilingual setting and for some specific domains.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Academic Attitudes for Gifted Elementary and Middle School Students

Recognizing the importance of motivation, goal orientation, and attitudes toward schools is an important component for educators to consider as they establish positive learning communities for gifted learners. The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes toward school and self relationship to schoolwork for students who are enrolled in the 5th, 6th, and 7th grade, identified as gifted, accelerated in at least one subject (mathematics), and living in Korea or the United States. Comparisons were conducted for country of origin and gender for all subscales on the School Attitude Assessment Survey-Revised (McCoach & Siegle, 2004). Of the 507 participants (278 Korean and 229 American), girls scored higher on the motivation/self-regulation scale than boys and American students scored higher than Korean students on attitudes toward school, academic self perceptions, goal orientation, and motivation. There were no differences by country or gender on attitudes toward teachers.