Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acid secretion and response to pentagastrin or omeprazole in human fetal stomach xenografts.

BACKGROUND The dual capacity of stomach tissue to secrete acid and to respond to secretagogues is indicative of the terminal stages of gastric functional maturation. In this study 6- to 10-week-old human fetal stomachs xenografted into nude mice were used to study parietal cells' functional maturation. METHODS Thirty-four transplants were microsurgically grafted either inside a pouch created on the nude peritoneum (n = 15) or on the host stomach and esophagus (n = 19). The mucosa of transplanted tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques to detect gastric cells. Gastric cell secretions were collected before and after pentagastrin or omeprazole treatment. RESULTS Parietal, G, and D cells were detected immunohistochemically only after 1 month of grafting. All xenografts actively secreted acid after 1 or 2 months' transplantation at each graft site. Acid secretion was significantly stimulated by intraperitoneally injected pentagastrin (mean pH +/- SD, 3.2 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.5; n = 10, P = 0.005) and was dramatically inhibited by intragastrically administered omeprazole (2.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.7; n = 15, P = 0.0007) after 5 hours. CONCLUSION Stomach xenografts were able to develop normally. Parietal cells were physiologically mature with functional proton pumps and active gastrin receptors, as demonstrated after omeprazole and pentagastrin treatment, respectively. Because stomach xenografts matured very rapidly, it is possible that a stomach xenograft model can be used for further studies on the functional maturation of human gastric epithelial cells, as well as the factors that influence this maturation in humans.
Lower bounds on the efficiency of encryption and digital signature schemes

A central focus of modern cryptography is to investigate the weakest possible assumptions under which various cryptographic algorithms exist. Typically, a proof that a "weak" primitive (e.g., a one-way function) implies the existence of a "strong" algorithm (e.g., a private-key encryption scheme) proceeds by giving an explicit construction of the latter from the former. In addition to showing the existence of such a construction, an equally important research direction is to explore the efficiency of such constructions.Among the most fundamental cryptographic algorithms are digital signature schemes and schemes for public- or private-key encryption. Here, we show the first lower bounds on the efficiency of any encryption or signature construction based on black-box access to one-way or trapdoor one-way permutations. If S is the assumed security of the permutation π (i.e., no adversary of size S can invert π on a fraction larger than 1/S of its inputs), our results show that:Any public-key encryption scheme for m-bit messages must query π at least Ω(m log S) times.Any private-key encryption scheme for m-bit messages (with k-bit keys) must query π at least Ω(m-k/log S) times.Any signature verification algorithm for m-bit messages must query π at least Ω(m log S) times.Our bounds match known upper bounds for the case of encryption.We prove our results in an extension of the Impagliazzo-Rudich model. That is, we show that any black-box construction beating our lower bounds would imply the unconditional existence of a one-way function.
Image Derived Input Functions for Cerebral PET Studies

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that can be used to measure tissue function in vivo quantitatively. PET makes use of radiopharmaceuticals that are labeled with a positron emitter. Apart from evaluating pathophysiological processes underlying disease, it can also be used for objective assessment of therapeutic efficacy and plays an increasing role in drug development.
Determination of (+)- and (-)-bromoisovalerylurea in sera of overdosed subjects.

Bromoisovalerylurea (bromisovalum) is a sedative-hypnotic given orally as a racemic mixture of optical isomers (i.e., (+)- and (-)-enantiomer) and frequently taken in overdose in order to commit suicide. Sera from 16 overdosed subjects were analyzed for each enantiomer by high-performance liquid chromatography on chiral stationary phases. The (+)-enantiomer concentration was lower than the (-)-enantiomer concentration in all specimens, that is, the ratio of the (+)-enantiomer to the total concentration ranged from about 50% to 0%. The ratio of the (+)-enantiomer was continuously decreasing in each subject. The data indicate that the drug in gastrointestinal tract was absorbed into blood nonstereoselectively and that the drug in blood was eliminated stereoselectively. The enantioselective determination of this drug will give useful information on absorption and elimination.
Thermal evaluation and analyses of 3D IC integration SiP with TSVs for network system applications

In this study, we used simulation technique to analyze the thermal behaviors and investigate the thermal issues of a designed system in package (SiP) for network system application that based on a three dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) structure. The 3D IC SiP has an interposer which with regularly embedded through-silicon vias (TSVs); there are one CPU chip and two DRAM chips planted on the top side and bottom side of the interposer, respectively. The interposer with chips is bonded on a BT substrate; the BT substrate is bonded on a PCB; and a metallic heat spreader is placed on and glued to the CPU chip's back-side. Because a 3D IC SiP with TSVs is so complicate for modeling and very difficult for meshing, this study attempted to use the equivalent models of embedded TSV, bump/solder bond and metallic trace to simplify a detail 3D IC model. We introduced a slice model, that four stacked chips on an interposer and each chip has two heaters and TSVs, to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the equivalent model by comparing to the detail model, the results of both models show that they are in a good agreement. By using the equivalent model to simulate the studied 3D IC integrated SiP; we found the CPU temperature would be dominated by the cooling capability of a thermal module that attached on the heat spreader. As for the DRAM chips that underneath the interposer, it is inevitable to have a quite high temperature due to the temperature superposition effect and an obstructed heat flow path. In fact, the severely high temperature of the chips under an interposer should be the main thermal issue for such a 3D IC SiP because there is no easy thermal solution for these chips.
Mapping of essential replication functions of the linear plasmid lp17 of B. burgdorferi by targeted deletion walking

The genome of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 MI includes one linear chromosome, 10 circular and 12 linear plasmids. Members of four paralogous gene families, revealed by genome sequencing, have been suggested as replication/partition functions for both the linear and circular plasmids. Some of these genes have been experimentally shown to be essential for the replication of the B. burgdorferi replicons that encode them. In this study, we located the region essential for replication of lp17, the second smallest linear plasmid in B. burgdorferi. We used a novel in vivo method, targeted deletion walking, to systematically delete DNA from either the left or right end of lp17. We report that the region essential for replication of lp17 is 1.8 kb (bp 7946–9766) and contains only one intact open reading frame (BBD14). Expression of BBD14 is required for the replication, suggesting that it is the replication initiator for lp17. The BBD14 protein is a member of paralogous family (PF) 62 and we present the first experimental evidence for the role of a PF 62 member. Adjacent non‐coding sequences are also required, suggesting that the origin lies at least partially outside the coding region. Surprisingly, deletion of BBD21, the ParA orthologue (PF 32), had little effect upon plasmid stability or incompatibility. Finally, data are presented suggesting that lp17 replication occurs preferentially on a linear rather than a circular DNA molecule.
Mechanical Prevention of Distal Embolization During Primary Angioplasty: Safety, Feasibility, and Impact on Myocardial Reperfusion

Background—Effective myocardial reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be limited by distal embolization. We tested the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of the FilterWire-Ex (FW), a distal embolic protection device, as an adjunct to primary PCI. Methods and Results—Fifty-three consecutive patients undergoing primary PCI with FW protection were compared with a matched control group treated by primary PCI alone. Successful FW positioning was obtained in 47 patients (89%) without complications. Histological analysis of the content of the last 13 filters showed multiple embolic debris in all cases. FW use was associated with lower postinterventional corrected TIMI frame count (22±14 versus 31±19; P =0.005) and higher occurrence of grade 3 myocardial blush (66% versus 36%; P =0.006) and early ST-segment elevation resolution (80% versus 54%; P= 0.006). At multivariate analysis, FW use was the only independent predictor of early ST-segment elevation resolution and of grade 3 myocardial blush. FW patients showed lower peak creatine kinase-MB release (236±172 versus 333±219 ng/mL; P =0.013) and greater improvement at 30 days in left ventricular wall motion score index (−0.30±0.19 versus −0.18±0.26; P= 0.008) and ejection fraction (+7±4% versus +4±7%; P =0.012). Conclusions—FW use during primary PCI is feasible and safe. Distal embolization prevention appears to exert a beneficial effect on markers of myocardial reperfusion and on left ventricular function improvement at 30 days.
Any added value? Co-constructing life stories of and with people with intellectual disabilities

Accessible summary • People with intellectual disability have often been involved in research, but not in the analysis of data. • One reason might be that not many people with intellectual disability have received training in research. • This paper describes a project in Austria. In this project, we have looked at the experiences of people with intellectual disability during transition from school to work and in working life. • We have collected their life stories over a period of 2 years. • To assist with the analysis, we have formed a reference group. • In this group, twelve people with intellectual disability look and make sense of the life stories together with the non-disabled researchers. • We think that this helps the project to become more aware of things that are important to people with intellectual disabilities. • This is because researchers with disabilities have the insider perspective. They know how it is to live with an intellectual disability • In this paper, I show the life story of a woman who tries to hide her intellectual disability. • I show how the reference group has worked with the life story and what they found out. Summary Despite considerable achievement in inclusive research, people with intellectual disabilities have been largely excluded from the critical area of data analysis and theory development. Next to the undoubted complexity of these tasks, this can partly be attributed to higher demands of representativeness that are used to judge the validity of disability research as well as missing training opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities. The paper presents data from the first core research project in German-speaking countries that was carried out within an inclusive framework. Within the FWF (Austrian Science Fund) financed project ‘Experiences of participation in the (vocational) biography of people with intellectual disability’ at the Department of Education at the University of Vienna, the research team aimed at involving people with intellectual disability in an accompanying reference group in the process of co-construction of theory through the shared analysis of the collected qualitative data: life stories and narratives of people with intellectual disability. This paper seeks out to show the added value of this approach both methodologically and practically.
Attention and multisensory integration of emotions in schizophrenia

The impairment of multisensory integration in schizophrenia is often explained by deficits of attentional selection. Emotion perception, however, does not always depend on attention because affective stimuli can capture attention automatically. In our study, we specify the role of attention in the multisensory perception of emotional stimuli in schizophrenia. We evaluated attention by interference between conflicting auditory and visual information in two multisensory paradigms in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants. In the first paradigm, interference occurred between physical features of the dynamic auditory and visual stimuli. In the second paradigm, interference occurred between the emotional content of the auditory and visual stimuli, namely fearful and sad emotions. In patients with schizophrenia, the interference effect was observed in both paradigms. In contrast, in healthy participants, the interference occurred in the emotional paradigm only. These findings indicate that the information leakage between different modalities in patients with schizophrenia occurs at the perceptual level, which is intact in healthy participants. However, healthy participants can have problems with the separation of fearful and sad emotions similar to those of patients with schizophrenia.
Similitude of ice dynamics against scaling of geometry and physical parameters

Abstract. The concept of similitude is commonly employed in the fields of fluid dynamics and engineering but rarely used in cryospheric research. Here we apply this method to the problem of ice flow to examine the dynamic similitude of isothermal ice sheets in shallow-shelf approximation against the scaling of their geometry and physical parameters. Carrying out a dimensional analysis of the stress balance we obtain dimensionless numbers that characterize the flow. Requiring that these numbers remain the same under scaling we obtain conditions that relate the geometric scaling factors, the parameters for the ice softness, surface mass balance and basal friction as well as the ice-sheet intrinsic response time to each other. We demonstrate that these scaling laws are the same for both the (two-dimensional) flow-line case and the three-dimensional case. The theoretically predicted ice-sheet scaling behavior agrees with results from numerical simulations that we conduct in flow-line and three-dimensional conceptual setups. We further investigate analytically the implications of geometric scaling of ice sheets for their response time. With this study we provide a framework which, under several assumptions, allows for a fundamental comparison of the ice-dynamic behavior across different scales. It proves to be useful in the design of conceptual numerical model setups and could also be helpful for designing laboratory glacier experiments. The concept might also be applied to real-world systems, e.g., to examine the response times of glaciers, ice streams or ice sheets to climatic perturbations.
Vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome: Relationship to obesity and insulin resistance.

SCOPE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is underpinned by insulin resistance (IR). In PCOS, the relationships between vitamin D, adiposity, and IR are unclear. We aim to explore these relationships in lean and overweight women with PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary medical center. Participants included 42 women with PCOS and 34 controls without PCOS. Vitamin D and metabolic markers were measured. Detailed body composition and gold standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps were performed. The main outcome measures were plasma levels of vitamin D, adiposity measures, and glucose infusion rate. Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight women with PCOS compared with overweight controls (31.6 and 46.1 nmol/L, respectively, p = 0.01). Vitamin D was not associated with IR after adjustment for confounders; however, there was a significant interaction between PCOS and percentage body fat. Further analysis by PCOS status revealed that vitamin D was associated with IR in the PCOS group (β coefficient 2.1, 95% CI 0.2-4.0, p = 0.03), but not in the non-PCOS group. CONCLUSION Vitamin D is associated with IR in women with PCOS, but not in controls. Large intervention studies are needed to determine if vitamin D supplementation can improve IR in PCOS.
Rate of force development: reliability, improvements and influence on performance. A review.

Explosive muscular contractions are fundamental to sports activities such as sprinting, jumping or throwing. In these types of contractions the rate at which force is developed has been suggested to be the most important physical capacity. Therefore, the aims of these review was: to review the reliability of rate of force development (RFD) measures; to show the relationships between RFD and performance in specific sports movements; and to provide information about the response of RFD variables to different training interventions. From a total of 655 articles, after the exclusion criteria 60 articles were read. RFD has shown high to very high reliability in most of the studies, independently of the device used or the specific variable measured. The RFD at early time intervals has shown the higher correlations with performance in several sports movements. In addition, RFD at early time intervals has been shown sensitive to most training interventions, therefore, it seems to be the key point among RFD variables.
Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara

The Ganos fault is the westernmost segment of the North Anatolian Fault that experienced the Mw = 7.4 earthquake of 9 August 1912. The earthquake revealed 45‐km‐long of surface ruptures inland, trending N70°E, and 5.5 m of maximum right lateral offset near Güzelköy. The long‐term deformation of the fault is clearly expressed by several pull‐apart basins and sag ponds, pressure and shutter ridges and offset streams. In parallel with detailed geomorphologic investigations, we measured co‐seismic and cumulative displacements along the fault, and selected the Güzelköy site for paleoseismology. A microtopographic survey at the site yields 10.5 ± 0.5 m and 35.4 ± 1.5 m cumulative lateral offsets of stream channels and geomorphologic features. Seven paleoseismic parallel and cross‐fault trenches document successive faulting events and provide the timing of past earthquakes on the Ganos fault segment. Radiocarbon dating of successive colluvial wedges in trench T1, and the fresh scarplet above (probably 1912 surface rupture) indicate the occurrence of three faulting events since the 14th century. Parallel trenches (3, 5, 6 and 7) expose paleo‐channels and show a cumulative right‐lateral offset of 16.5 ± 1.5 m next to the fault, and 21.3 ± 1.5 m total channel deflection. Radiocarbon dating of past channel units and fault scarp‐related colluvial deposits imply an average 17 +/− 5 mm/year slip rate and 323 ± 142 years recurrence interval of large earthquakes during the last 1000 years on the Ganos fault. The succession of past faulting events and inferred slip rate west of the Marmara Sea provide more constraint on the long‐term faulting behavior in the seismic gap of the North Anatolian Fault and may contribute to a better seismic hazard assessment in the Istanbul region.
Immunocytological Studies of L-MAG Expression Regulation during Myelination of Embryonic Brain Cell Cocultures

The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) possesses two isoforms, known as S-MAG and L-MAG. We followed the expression and localization of L-MAG in comparison to myelin basic protein (MBP) during myelination in dissociated embryonic rat brain cell cocultures. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed L-MAG and MBP in oligodendrocyte (OL) cell bodies and processes before and at the onset of myelination. At advanced stages of myelination, L-MAG immunostaining decreased, and subsequently disappeared from OL soma and myelinated internodes, whereas MBP immunoreactivity decreased only in the OL soma. These results are consistent with biochemical studies and provide the first clear demonstration of a transient expression of L-MAG during the early stages of myelination in vitro, providing further evidence that L-MAG plays a role during this period.
Individualization of Information Systems - Analyzing Antecedents of IT Consumerization Behavior

Recently, much attention in research and practice has been devoted to the topic of IT consumerization, referring to the adoption of private consumer IT in the workplace. However, research lacks an analysis of possible antecedents of the trend on an individual level. To close this gap, we derive a theoretical model for IT consumerization behavior based on the theory of planned behavior and perform a quantitative analysis. Our investigation shows that it is foremost determined by normative pressures, specifically the behavior of friends, co*workers an d direct supervisors. In addition, behavioral beliefs and control beliefs were found to affect the intention to use non* corporate IT. With respect to the former, we found expected performance improvements and an increase in ease of use to be two of the key determinants. As for the latter, especially monetary costs and installation knowledge were correlated with IT consumerization intention.
Promoting self-change from addictive behaviors: practical implications for policy, prevention, and treatment.

Many are addicted. Few are treated. Yet many who are not treated recover. Promoting Self-Change from Addictive Behaviors examines natural recovery as a clinical phenomenon, a field of inquiry, and a vital component of therapy. It also brings clinicians and counselors to a new understanding of addiction and recovery. One of the few books on the topic, this updated edition offers alternatives to disease models of addiction by exploring personal pathways to recovery. Focusing on alcohol and drug problems, it provides a literature review of 40 years of studies on self-change with particular emphasis on the current decade and methodological issues (starting with how much or how little treatment constitutes"treatment"). The 24 experts keep the coverage consistently readable, and dozens of brief narratives from individuals who have successfully recovered from an addictive behavior without formal help lend valuable personal perspectives. More of the book's key features: Core factors in self-change, from cognitive processes to social issues; Case examples of natural recovery from smoking, binge eating, problem gambling, and criminal behavior; Redefining the role of treatment in changing addictive behaviors; Cross-cultural, community, and prevention perspectives on promoting self-change;"Self-change toolbox" chapter offering assessment tools, recovery strategies, web links, and other online resources. With Promoting Self-Change from Addictive Behaviors, health care professionals and researchers (from psychologists and social workers to nurses, sociologists, and physicians) can find more effective methods to fit client needs, and develop new insights into the recovery process. Public health workers and policymakers will also find informative strategies for tapping this rich therapeutic resource.