Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use, socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity in older people

Objectives This study explores the relationship between alcohol consumption, health, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation. Participants 27 991 people aged 65 and over from an inner-city population, using a primary care database. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures Primary outcome measures were alcohol use and misuse (>21 units per week for men and >14 for units per week women). Results Older people of black and minority ethnic (BME) origin from four distinct ethnic groups comprised 29% of the sample. A total of 9248 older drinkers were identified, of whom 1980 (21.4%) drank above safe limits. Compared with older drinkers, older unsafe drinkers contained a higher proportion of males, white and Irish ethnic groups and a lower proportion of Caribbean, African and Asian groups. For older drinkers, the strongest independent predictors of higher alcohol consumption were younger age, male gender and Irish ethnicity. Independent predictors of lower alcohol consumption were Asian, black Caribbean and black African ethnicity. Socioeconomic deprivation and comorbidity were not significant predictors of alcohol consumption in older drinkers. For older unsafe drinkers, the strongest predictor variables were younger age, male gender and Irish ethnicity; comorbidity was not a significant predictor. Lower socioeconomic deprivation was a significant predictor of unsafe consumption whereas African, Caribbean and Asian ethnicity were not. Conclusions Although under-reporting in high-alcohol consumption groups and poor health in older people who have stopped or controlled their drinking may have limited the interpretation of our results, we suggest that closer attention is paid to ‘young older’ male drinkers, as well as to older drinkers born outside the UK and those with lower levels of socioeconomic deprivation who are drinking above safe limits.
Trading Your Diversification Strategy for a Green One: How Do Firms in Emerging Economies Get on the Green Train?

Many studies have been performed to explore how firms transform from a nongreen strategy to a green one, but there is no definitive answer. Aiming to untangle this complex process in the context of the strategy and belief that being green is an important endeavor, this study details how firms implement green strategy from product diversification to innovation under the pressure of environmental regulations. Consistent with our arguments, data from Chinese listed firms reveal that environmental regulations create pressure for resources and managerial skills to be split between diversification and innovation strategies, which leads to innovation at the cost of diversification. This tension is strengthened when the firm has insufficient slack resources and faces strong environmental dynamism. Furthermore, we find that the innovation strategy increasingly substitutes the loss of the downsized diversification strategy. In addition, these effects show the differences between sectors and the dynamic change over time.
Activation of Olfactory Cortex in Newborn Infants After Odor Stimulation: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

In mammals, perception of smells during the first hours of life is an essential prerequisite for adaptation of the newborn to the new extrauterine world. Functional magnetic resonance studies have shown that olfactory impression is processed in the lateral and anterior orbito-frontal gyri of the frontal lobe. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can detect changes in oxygenated [Hb O2], and deoxygenated [Hb H] Hb during cortical activation. The aim of this study was to assess by NIRS olfactory cortex activity in newborn infants receiving olfactory stimuli. Twelve males and 11 females were studied when awake at 6 h to 8 d after birth. NIRS monitoring was carried out using two optodes placed above the left anterior orbito-frontal gyri. Each newborn was exposed for 30 s to two different smell stimuli—mother's colostrum and vanilla—and to a negative control, distilled water. Changes in Hb concentration were measured over the orbito-frontal region. During exposure to vanilla, [Hb O2] increased significantly over the left orbito-frontal area in all babies. The magnitude of the [Hb O2] increase over the illuminated region during colostrum exposure was inversely related to postnatal age. We conclude that monitoring Hb changes by NIRS can be valuable in assessing olfactory responsiveness in infants.
The Dynamic Nature of Apomixis in the Angiosperms

Apomixis, the asexual production of seed, is a trait estimated to occur in fewer than 1% of flowering plant species, with an uneven distribution among lineages. In the past decade, targeted research efforts have aimed at clarifying the genetic basis of apomixis, with the goal of engineering or breeding apomictic crops. Recent work suggests a simple genetic basis for apomixis, but it also indicates that natural populations of apomicts are much more complex than is often assumed. For example, in nature, nearly all apomicts that go through a megagametophyte stage (gametophytic apomicts) are polyploid, while their sexual relatives are typically diploid. Although populations have been characterized as obligately sexual or apomictic, it is increasingly clear that many plant populations exhibit some variation in reproductive mode. Many apomicts retain residual sexual function as pollen donors and thus have the potential to spread apomixis via male gametes, thereby increasing the genetic diversity observed within apomictic populations. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the genetic basis and transmission of apomixis. We use insights from previous case studies and models for the spread of asexuality to explore the potential for establishment and spread of apomixis in nature.
The Influence of Emotion on Trust 1

The willingness of individuals to trust each other is fundamental to economic and political life. In this paper we investigate the affective basis of trust. We explore whether and how manipulations of emotion influence behavior in the trust game. We also provide the first clear evaluation of a common method for manipulating emotions, the Autobiographical Emotional Memory Task (AEMT), to see how well it performs on different emotions as well as its ability to target specific emotions. Our findings suggest that negative emotions can decrease trust, but only if those negative emotions produce low certainty appraisals. Anxiety, a low certainty emotion, has a negative impact on trust while Anger and Guilt, two emotions that differ in their control-appraisals but induce the same high level of certainty, appear to have no clear effect on trusting behavior. We also find that the AEMT is ineffective with positive emotions and is not nearly as targeted as previous studies assume. To rectify this later problem we conduct mediation analyses to evaluate the influence of AEMT on trust via the targeted emotion. Our estimation strategy is the first to properly conduct mediation analysis for an outcome variable that is censored.
Engagement of CD81 induces ezrin tyrosine phosphorylation and its cellular redistribution with filamentous actin

CD81 is a tetraspanin family member involved in diverse cellular interactions in the immune and nervous systems and in cell fusion events. However, the mechanism of action of CD81 and of other tetraspanins has not been defined. We reasoned that identifying signaling molecules downstream of CD81 would provide mechanistic clues. We engaged CD81 on the surface of B-lymphocytes and identified the induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins by mass spectrometry. This analysis showed that the most prominent tyrosine phosphorylated protein was ezrin, an actin-binding protein and a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family. We also found that CD81 engagement induces spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and that Syk was involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of ezrin. After engagement of CD81, it colocalized with ezrin and F-actin, and this association was disrupted when Syk activation was blocked. Taken together, these studies suggest a model in which CD81 interfaces between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton by activating Syk, mobilizing ezrin, and recruiting F-actin to facilitate cytoskeletal reorganization and cell signaling. This mechanism might explain the pleiotropic effects induced in response to stimulation of cells by anti-CD81 antibodies or by the hepatitis C virus, which uses this molecule as its key receptor.
Eating Disorder Risk and Extreme Weight-control Behaviours among Young University Students: Is the Desire to Change Eating Habit Correlated?

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the desire to change eating habits and the risk of eating disorders and extreme weight-control behaviours among university students aged 15 to 24 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1470 randomly selected undergraduate students of four universities. Data were collected using the well-validated Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) questionnaire. The effects of the desire to change eating habit on the outcome variables were assessed using odds ratio while possible effect modification by gender was assessed using the Mantel-Haenzsel test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to build models to predict the outcome variables. Original Research Article Abiodun et al.; JAMMR, 27(10): 1-14, 2018; Article no.JAMMR. 44834 2 Results: The prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Extreme Weight-control Behaviours were 17.01% (95% CI=15.17-19.02) and 23.33% (95% CI=21.24-25.57) respectively. The desire to change eating habits was associated with greater odds of Eating Disorder Risk (1.43; 95CI=1.081.90; p= 0.011). The desire to change eating habits was associated with greater odds of Extreme Weight-control Behaviours among male participants (OR=2.37; 95%CI=1.59-3.53; p<0.001). A similar relationship was not found among female participants (OR= 0.98; 95% CI=0.70-1.37; p=0.8899). The Mantel Haenzsel test of homogeneity of odds ratio showed a p-value of 0.0005. Conclusions: Eating Disorder Risk and Extreme Weight-control Behaviours are highly prevalent among university students in Nigeria. The desire to change eating habits may be correlated with a potential risk for an eating disorder. It could be a simple and realistic initial tool for predicting eating disorders and extreme weight-control behaviours among university students.
Existence and Stability of Ground-state Solutions of a Schrödinger-kdv System

We consider the coupled Schrödinger-KdV system i(u t + c 1 u x) + δ 1 u xx = αuv v t + c 2 v x + δ 2 v xxx + γ(v 2) x = β(|u| 2) x , which arises in various physical contexts as a model for the interaction of long and short nonlinear waves. Ground states of the system are, by definition, minimizers of the energy functional subject to constraints on conserved functionals associated with symmetries of the system. In particular, ground states have a simple time dependence because they propagate via those symmetries. For a range of values of the parameters α, β, γ, δ i , c i , we prove the existence and stability of a two-parameter family of ground states associated with a two-parameter family of symmetries.
A systematic derivation of the STG machine verified in Coq

Shared Term Graph (STG) is a lazy functional language used as an intermediate language in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). In this article, we present a natural operational semantics for STG and we mechanically derive a lazy abstract machine from this semantics, which turns out to coincide with Peyton-Jones and Salkild's Spineless Tagless G-machine (STG machine) used in GHC. Unlike other constructions of STG-like machines present in the literature, ours is based on a systematic and scalable derivation method (inspired by Danvy et al.'s functional correspondence between evaluators and abstract machines) and it leads to an abstract machine that differs from the original STG machine only in inessential details. In particular, it handles non-trivial update scenarios and partial applications identically as the STG machine. The entire derivation has been formalized in the Coq proof assistant. Thus, in effect, we provide a machine checkable proof of the correctness of the STG machine with respect to the natural semantics.
Concentration inequalities for nonlinear matroid intersection

In this work we propose new randomized rounding algorithms for matroid intersection and matroid base polytopes. We prove concentration inequalities for polynomial objective functions and constraints that has numerous applications and can be used in approximation algorithms for Minimum Quadratic Spanning Tree, Unrelated Parallel Machines Scheduling and scheduling with time windows and nonlinear objectives. We also show applications related to Constraint Satisfaction and dense polynomial optimization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 46, 541–571, 2015
Adjustable Robotic Tendon using a ‘ Jack Spring ’ TM

An adjustable Robotic Tendon is a spring based linear actuator in which the properties of a spring are crucial to its successful use in a gait assistance device. Like its human analog, the adjustable Robotic Tendon uses its inherent elastic nature to both reduce peak power and energy requirements for its motor. In the ideal example, peak power required of the motor for ankle gait is reduced from 250W to just 81W. In addition, ideal energy requirements are reduced from nearly 36 Joules to just 25 Joules per step. Using this approach, an initial prototype is expected to provide 100% of the power and energy neccessary for ankle gait in a compact 0.84kg package. This weight is 8 times less than that predicted for an equivalent direct drive approach.
Liquidity and Capital Structure

This paper solves for a firm's optimal cash holding policy within a continuous time, contingent claims framework that has been extended to incorporate most of the significant contracting frictions that have been identified in the corporate finance literature. Under the optimal policy the firm targets a level of cash holding that is a non-monotonic function of business conditions and an increasing function of the amount of long-term debt outstanding. By allowing firms to either issue equity or to borrow short-term, we show how share issue and dividends on the one hand and cash accumulation and bank borrowing on the other are all mutually interlinked. We calibrate the model and show that it matches closely a wide range of empirical benchmarks including cash holdings, leverage, equity volatility, yield spreads, default probabilities and recovery rates. Furthermore, we show the predicted dynamics of cash and leverage are in line with the empirical literature. Despite the presence of significant contracting frictions we show that the model exhibits a near irrelevance of long-term capital structure property. Furthermore, the optimal policy exhibits a state-dependent hierarchy among financing alternatives that is consistent with recent explorations of pecking order theory. We calculate the agency costs generated by the conflict of interest between shareholders and creditors regarding the firm's liquidity policy and show that bond covenants that establish an earnings restriction on dividend payments may be value increasing.
Three-Dimensional Near-Field MIMO Array Imaging Using Range Migration Techniques

This paper presents a 3-D near-field imaging algorithm that is formulated for 2-D wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) imaging array topology. The proposed MIMO range migration technique performs the image reconstruction procedure in the frequency-wavenumber domain. The algorithm is able to completely compensate the curvature of the wavefront in the near-field through a specifically defined interpolation process and provides extremely high computational efficiency by the application of the fast Fourier transform. The implementation aspects of the algorithm and the sampling criteria of a MIMO aperture are discussed. The image reconstruction performance and computational efficiency of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using 2-D MIMO arrays. Real-time 3-D near-field imaging can be achieved with a real-aperture array by applying the proposed MIMO range migration techniques.
Relation between motivation and enjoyment in physical education classes in children from 10 to 12 years old

There are serious warnings of sedentary lifestyles among children. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures from school, especially in Physical Education (PE) classes. One way to do this, it is paying attention to the motivational climate and enjoyment in PE classes because these two factors are related to the intention to be physically active by students. This research’s aim was to evaluate multidimensional motivation and enjoyment in PE classes and relations between these dimensions. The sample included 315 Primary Education Galician students (Spain), 145 boys (46%) and 170 girls (54%), with an age range between 10 and 12 years (M=10.92, SD=0.792). Data were collected by means of two questionnaires. One of them was the ‘Physical Education Questionnaire in Primary Education´ (CMEF-EP), and the other one was ‘Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale´ (PACES). The following results were obtained: Intrinsic Motivation (IM) (M=5.12; SD=1.14), External Regulation (ER) (M=3.61; SD=1.63), Amotivation (AM) (M=1.93; SD=1.46), Enjoyment (ENJ) (M=4.51; SD=0.55). Regression analysis shows that the IM can predict 42.1% of ENJ in PE classes. Therefore, students’ intrinsic motivation is a solid framework for enjoyment in PE lessons. Consequently, it should be taken into account by Primary Education teachers in their classrooms. They should take appropriate measures to encourage intrinsic motivation: methodologies of inquiry, positive feedback, variety of tasks and materials, flexible grouping and meaningful assessment.
Automatically annotating the MIR Flickr dataset: experimental protocols, openly available data and semantic spaces

The availability of a large, freely redistributable set of high-quality annotated images is critical to allowing researchers in the area of automatic annotation, generic object recognition and concept detection to compare results. The recent introduction of the MIR Flickr dataset allows researchers such access. A dataset by itself is not enough, and a set of repeatable guidelines for performing evaluations that are comparable is required. In many cases it also is useful to compare the machine-learning components of different automatic annotation techniques using a common set of image features. This paper seeks to provide a solid, repeatable methodology and protocol for performing evaluations of automatic annotation software using the MIR Flickr dataset together with freely available tools for measuring performance in a controlled manner. This protocol is demonstrated through a set of experiments using a "semantic space" auto-annotator previously developed by the authors, in combination with a set of visual term features for the images that has been made publicly available for download. The paper also discusses how much training data is required to train the semantic space annotator with the MIR Flickr dataset. It is the hope of the authors that researchers will adopt this methodology and produce results from their own annotators that can be directly compared to those presented in this work.
Hot Cognition or Cool Consideration? Testing the Effects of Motivated Reasoning on Political Decision Making

Researchers attempting to understand how citizens process political information have advanced motivated reasoning to explain the joint role of affect and cognition. The prominence of affect suggests that all social information processing is affectively charged and prone to biases. This article makes use of a unique data set collected using a dynamic information board experiment to test important effects of motivated reasoning. In particular, affective biases should cause citizens to take longer processing information incongruent with their existing affect and such biases should also direct search for new information about candidates. Somewhat perversely, motivated reasoners may actually increase their support of a positively evaluated candidate upon learning new negatively evaluated information. Findings are reported that support all of these expectations. Additional analysis shows that these affective biases may easily lead to lower quality decision making, leading to a direct challenge to the notion of voters as rational Bayesian updaters.
Real-Time Stereo Matching Using Orthogonal Reliability-Based Dynamic Programming

A novel algorithm is presented in this paper for estimating reliable stereo matches in real time. Based on the dynamic programming-based technique we previously proposed, the new algorithm can generate semi-dense disparity maps using as few as two dynamic programming passes. The iterative best path tracing process used in traditional dynamic programming is replaced by a local minimum searching process, making the algorithm suitable for parallel execution. Most computations are implemented on programmable graphics hardware, which improves the processing speed and makes real-time estimation possible. The experiments on the four new Middlebury stereo datasets show that, on an ATI Radeon X800 card, the presented algorithm can produce reliable matches for 60% ~ 80% of pixels at the rate of 10 ~ 20 frames per second. If needed, the algorithm can be configured for generating full density disparity maps
Match without a Referee: Evaluating MT Adequacy without Reference Translations

We address two challenges for automatic machine translation evaluation: a) avoiding the use of reference translations, and b) focusing on adequacy estimation. From an economic perspective, getting rid of costly hand-crafted reference translations (a) permits to alleviate the main bottleneck in MT evaluation. From a system evaluation perspective, pushing semantics into MT (b) is a necessity in order to complement the shallow methods currently used overcoming their limitations. Casting the problem as a cross-lingual textual entailment application, we experiment with different benchmarks and evaluation settings. Our method shows high correlation with human judgements and good results on all datasets without relying on reference translations.
Management of Sialorrhea in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Drooling, the overflowing of saliva from the mouth, is mainly due to neurological disorder and, less frequently, to hypersalivation. Drooling is prevalent among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and has a negative impact on their social and physical wellbeing. Treatment options include oral medications, chemodenervation, and submandibular duct relocation. Although no treatment option has proven to be ideal, an optimum approach needs to be tailored to the needs of the child. This article provides an overview of the different treatment approaches and significant research findings.
A Fatal Case of Nafcillin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Case Report and the Literature Review

Background. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is quite common, and there are several recommendations for its treatment based upon its etiology. DIH may range from mild and subclinical to fulminant liver failure and death. Even though there is extensive list of drugs causing DIH, antibiotics, as a class of drugs, are the most common cause of DIH. Here, we present a fatal case of nafcillin-induced hepatotoxicity confirmed by liver biopsy, with total bilirubin peaking to 21.8 mg/dl and subsequent further extensive evaluation for hepatic injury turning out to be negative.