Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and continued function of rat marrow cells in x-radiated mice.

Summary Leukocytes in rat blood and bone marrow smears stained black or brown when treated histochemically for alkaline phosphatase. Mouse leukocytes in similar smears were uniformly phosphatase-negative. Following intravenous injection of rat marrow cells into x-radiated (810 r) mice, phosphatase-positive cells were present in marrow smears within 2 hours. With beginning marrow “regeneration” at 7 days, the phosphatase-positive cells rapidly increased in numbers. By 14–28 days, when “regeneration” was nearly complete, essentially all the cells were phosphatase-positive, and the smears were indistinguishable from rat marrow. Smears from mice injected with mouse bone marrow remained uniformly phosphatase-negative throughout all stages of regeneration. These findings indicate that injected rat marrow cells survive, divide, and eventually repopulate the marrow cavity of irradiated mice. Prolonged survival of these mice, in some cases beyond 30 days, appears to be correlated with the continued growth of phosphatase-positive marrow. This suggests that transplanted rat marrow is actually functioning hematopoietically in the heterologous host.
Short-term and delayed effects of mother death on calf mortality in Asian elephants

Lay Summary Like humans, elephants are long lived, invest heavily in offspring, and often survive well past last birth, but why do postreproductive lifespans evolve? We show that the proposed higher costs of reproduction to survival of old mothers and need for long parental care of offspring are insufficient to explain the full length of postreproductive lifespan in Asian elephants. Further studies are needed to quantify the evolutionary pressures on postreproductive survival in elephants and other long-lived species.
Assessing motion-coherency in video watermarking

Motion coherent watermarking has been recently proposed as a means to combat temporal frame averaging along the motion axis (MC-TFA). The fundamental idea consists in exploiting motion-compensation primitives to force a physcal point of the scene to always carry the same watermark sample wherever it is projected in the video. However, for a given watermarking system, there is no simple tool to assess whether the produced watermark is motion-coherent or not. Today, this assessment relies on a computationally expensive procedure, namely (i) embed a watermark, (ii) perform the MC-TFA attack, (iii) check for the presence of the watermark. Therefore, the goal of this article is to provide the community with an efficient and accurate oracle which reports whether a video sequence contains any non-motion coherent component or not. This is done in practice by looking at the statistics of the difference between a frame and a motion predicted version of it.
Low Complexity Coefficient Selection Algorithms for Compute-and-Forward

Compute-and-forward (C&F) has been proposed as an efficient strategy to reduce the backhaul load for distributed antenna systems. Finding the optimal coefficients in C&F has commonly been treated as a shortest vector problem, which is NP-hard. The point of our work and of Sahraei’s recent work is that the C&F coefficient problem can be much simpler. Due to the special structure of C&F, some low polynomial complexity optimal algorithms have recently been developed. However, these methods can be applied to real-valued channels and integer-based lattices only. In this paper, we consider the complex valued channel with complex integer-based lattices. For the first time, we propose a low polynomial complexity algorithm to find the optimal solution for the complex scenario. Then, we propose a simple linear search algorithm, which is conceptually suboptimal, and however, numerical results show that the performance degradation is negligible compared with the optimal method. Both algorithms are suitable for lattices over any algebraic integers, and significantly outperform the lattice reduction algorithm. The complexity of both algorithms is investigated both theoretically and numerically. The results show that our proposed algorithms achieve better performance-complexity tradeoffs compared with the existing algorithms.
Diabetes and Long-Term Risk of Mortality From Coronary and Other Causes in Middle-Aged Swedish Men: A general population study

OBJECTIVE To assess the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and long-term cause-specific mortality risk in middle-aged diabetic men, compared with men without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective study analyzes a large random population sample of men over a follow-up of 16 years. At baseline in 1974–1977, 249 men with diabetes and 6,851 men without diabetes, all aged 51–59 years, were identified. There were 2,126 deaths, 724 of which were due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and 1,001 deaths were due to any cardiovascular disease (CVD) cause. RESULTS After adjustment for age, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking, BMI, and coronary disease at baseline, the relative risk of dying from any cause was 2.50 (95% CI, 2.11–2.95) in men with diabetes, compared with nondiabetic men, and 2.87 (2.31–3.57) for cardiovascular death. Men with diabetes had no significant excessive risk of dying from cancer or violent causes, but the relative risk of dying from any other noncardiovascular cause was 3.69 (2.55–5.34). Most of these deaths were due to diabetes and its complications. Hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and elevated systolic blood pressure predicted both coronary and allcause mortality in diabetic as well as in nondiabetic men. Men with diabetes and serum cholesterol >7.2 mmol/1 had a risk of dying from coronary disease of 45.3 and from any cause of 76.1 per 1,000 observation-years. In men with diabetes, the relative risk of dying associated with serum cholesterol >7.2 mmol/1, as compared with <5.2 mmol/1, was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.05–3.02). The corresponding risk for nondiabetic men was 1.23 (1.04–1.46), and there was a statistically significant interaction between serum cholesterol and diabetes (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In men with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and hypertension predict coronary mortality risk, as well as mortality risk from all causes. Men with both diabetes and hypercholesterolemia have severely compromised survival and should be targeted for intervention aimed at lowering their lipid levels.
Parametric Study on the Response of Stable Unbonded-Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (SU-FREIs)

Tests on stable unbonded (SU) square carbon fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI) bearings were conducted to investigate their lateral and vertical response. The bearings are intended for seismic isolation of low-rise buildings including those of ordinary importance. To simulate the in-place application of SU-FREI bearings, the contact surfaces of the bearings were not bonded to the platens of the test machine. This unbonded application permitted stable rollover deformation to occur which enhances the bearing's isolation efficiency. The bearings were shown to safely sustain large lateral displacements. When subjected to large lateral displacements, their originally vertical faces completely contacted the horizontal surfaces of the upper and lower platens, which created a stiffening response and ensured the stability of these very large displacements. The sensitivity of SU-FREI bearings to lateral displacement history and vertical pressure applied on the bearings were investigated. Regarding the latter parameter, it was found that the effect of variations in vertical pressure on the lateral response can be neglected when the SU-FREI bearings are subjected to relatively light vertical pressures such as considered for low-rise buildings.
Streptococcal infections among children in a residential home: I. Introduction and definitions: the incidence of infection

1. In a children's home with an average population of about 460 children aged from 0 to 15 years, 473 attacks of acute sore throat, 354 attacks of otitis and 314 attacks of other acute febrile respiratory tract illness were recorded in the 30 months from November 1950 to April 1953. 2. The attack rate for all forms of illness and at all ages was higher among children in a reception group, who were mostly recently arrived in the home, than it was in the permanent residents. 3. Of all ifinesses with the principal signs or symptoms referable to the throat, the proportion that yielded Streptococcus pyogenes rose from about 34 % in the 1–2-year- old children to about 74% in the children aged 10 years or more. Streptococcal sore throats made up about 8% and about 38 % of all febrile respiratory tract illnesses in the same two age groups. 4. The attack rate for streptococcal sore throat varied from month to month between 0 and 6 5 % of the children at risk; only one period of substantially increased prevalence was observed and there was no indication of any seasonal trend. Non-streptococcal sore throat varied between FO and 20 % per month. It was not possible to recognize any epidemics of streptococcal otitis; non-strepto coccal otitis had a definite winter prevalence associated with the rise in the total of non-streptococcal respiratory disease. 5. There was a slight indication that tonsillectomized children had rather milder attacks of sore throat than non-tonsifiectomized under the routine sulphamezathine treatment adopted. About 86 % of all children stifi harboured the causative streptococcus in their throat on discharge from hospital. The tonsifiectomized children lost their throat, but not their nose, streptococci in convalescence more rapidly that the non-tonsillectomized. Among throat carriers, the tonsifiectomized children carried streptococci in their nose more often than the non-tonsilectomjzed at all stages in their illness and convalescence. 6. Bacteriological examination of excised tonsils did not often reveal the presence of streptococci that had been undetected in throat swabs. Twenty-one of twenty- two children who had had a streptococcal respiratory tract ifiness treated with suiphamezathine within the 3 months preceding their tonsifiectomy were found to harbour the same streptococcus in their tonsifiar tissue; only four of eighteen children whose illness had been treated with penicillin still harboured the streptococcus. Streptococcal infections in children. I 61
De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis Is Essential for Viability, but Not for Transport of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins, in African Trypanosomes

ABSTRACT De novo sphingolipid synthesis is required for the exit of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast. Using a pharmacological approach, we test the generality of this phenomenon by analyzing the transport of GPI-anchored cargo in widely divergent eukaryotic systems represented by African trypanosomes and HeLa cells. Myriocin, which blocks the first step of sphingolipid synthesis (serine + palmitate → 3-ketodihydrosphingosine), inhibited the growth of cultured bloodstream parasites, and growth was rescued with exogenous 3-ketodihydrosphingosine. Myriocin also blocked metabolic incorporation of [3H]serine into base-resistant sphingolipids. Biochemical analyses indicate that the radiolabeled lipids are not sphingomyelin or inositol phosphorylceramide, suggesting that bloodstream trypanosomes synthesize novel sphingolipids. Inhibition of de novo sphingolipid synthesis with myriocin had no adverse effect on either general secretory trafficking or GPI-dependent trafficking in trypanosomes, and similar results were obtained with HeLa cells. A mild effect on endocytosis was seen for bloodstream trypanosomes after prolonged incubation with myriocin. These results indicate that de novo synthesis of sphingolipids is not a general requirement for secretory trafficking in eukaryotic cells. However, in contrast to the closely related kinetoplastid Leishmania major, de novo sphingolipid synthesis is essential for the viability of bloodstream-stage African trypanosomes.
Immunoproteomic Analysis To Identify Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Proteins Expressed during Human Infection

ABSTRACT Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the etiologic agent of acute diarrhea, dysentery, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). There is no approved vaccine for STEC infection in humans, and antibiotic use is contraindicated, as it promotes Shiga toxin production. In order to identify STEC-associated antigens and immunogenic proteins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were extracted from STEC O26:H11, O103, O113:H21, and O157:H7 strains, and commensal E. coli strain HS was used as a control. SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional-PAGE analysis, Western blot assays using sera from pediatric HUS patients and controls, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–tandem time of flight analyses were used to identify 12 immunogenic OMPs, some of which were not reactive with control sera. Importantly, seven of these proteins have not been previously reported to be immunogenic in STEC strains. Among these seven proteins, OmpT and Cah displayed IgG and IgA reactivity with sera from HUS patients. Genes encoding these two proteins were present in a majority of STEC strains. Knowledge of the antigens produced during infection of the host and the immune response to those antigens will be important for future vaccine development.
Why recall our highs and lows: Relations between memory functions, age, and well-being

This study examined whether positive and negative memories (life story high and low points) were differentially used for reminiscence functions concerning self and social aspects of reminiscing, and relations between function use and well-being in two age groups. Life story high and low points were collected from a sample of emerging (n =56) and older (n =55) adults, as well as a measure of the use of these memories for the self-functions of death preparation, identity, and problem solving, and the social functions of conversation and teach/inform, and a measure of psychological well-being. Memories were also coded for whether or not they contained a redemptive narrative structure (from emotionally negative to emotionally positive). Results showed that the endorsement of reminiscence functions did differ by memory type, with high points more often endorsed for the functions of identity, teach/inform, and conversation than low points. These main effects were qualified by memory type × age interactions. The use of these functions for each kind of memory was also related to well-being, but differentially for older and younger people, and redemptive sequencing was especially important to the well-being of the younger group. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of different emotional memories for self and well-being at different points in the lifespan.
Evaluation of stress patterns in bone around dental implant for different abutment angulations under axial and oblique loading: A finite element analysis

Introduction: The replacement of missing anterior teeth presents peculiar challenges to the Prosthodontist. Implants are increasingly gaining favour for the same. The morphology of existing bone in the premaxilla often dictates that implants are placed at angles that are difficult to restore with conventional abutments. However, the angulated abutments might transfer unfavourable forces to the implant or bone, thereby compromising the prognosis of the treatment. Because, it is difficult to assess the generated forces clinically, a finite element analysis was chosen for the present study as it is useful tool in estimating stress distribution in the contact area of the implant with the bone. Materials and Methods: In this study, the frontal region of the maxilla was modelled with a cortical layer 1.5 mm thick containing an inner cancellous core. The implant was cylindrical, round ended, with length 13 mm and diameter 4.1 mm. The abutment was modelled as 7 mm in height with a 5 degree occlusal taper. The different abutment angulations used were 0°, 10°, 15° and 20°. The amount of loads used were 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 N axially, and 50 N in oblique direction, to approximate the kind of loads seen in clinical situations. Result: It was seen that, as the abutment angulation changes from 0° to 20° both the compressive as well as tensile stresses increased; but, it is within the tolerance limit of the bone. Conclusion: It seems reasonably safe to use angled abutments in anterior implant supported prostheses, in the maxillary arch.
Serotonin type‐4 receptors modulate the sensitivity of intramural mechanoreceptive afferents of the cat rectum

Abstract It has been suggested that serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) type‐4 (5‐HT4) receptors modulate the sensitivity of intrinsic afferents of the intestinal mucosa. We studied the involvement of 5‐HT4receptors in the modulation of extrinsic afferent sensitivity of the intestinal wall. During distension ramps, mechanoreceptive rectal afferents in sacral dorsal roots were examined in decerebrate anaesthesia‐free cats using the selective 5‐HT4receptor partial agonist, tegaserod (HTF 919), and the 5‐HT4receptor antagonist, SB 203186. The static discharge rate of the afferents evoked by rectal distension decreased after intravenous (i.v.) administration of tegaserod at intraluminal pressures above 30 mmHg, with the most effective reduction occurring at 50 mmHg. The effect was dose‐dependent, with maximal reduction occurring at 1.2 mg kg−1bodyweight, and could be partly reversed by i.v. administration of SB 203186. Tegaserod did not alter the pressure–volume relationship (compliance) of the rectum. It is tentatively concluded that 5‐HT4receptor activation has an inhibitory effect on intramural mechanoreceptors in the cat's rectum. Our results are in line with the observation that tegaserod relieves the sensory symptoms of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome.
Review: Mechanochemistry of the kinesin‐1 ATPase

Kinesins are P‐loop NTPases that can do mechanical work. Like small G‐proteins, to which they are related, kinesins execute a program of active site conformational changes that cleaves the terminal phosphate from an NTP substrate. But unlike small G‐proteins, kinesins can amplify and harness these conformational changes in order to exert force. In this short review I summarize current ideas about how the kinesin active site works and outline how the active site chemistry is coupled to the larger‐scale structural cycle of the kinesin motor domain. Focusing largely on kinesin‐1, the best‐studied kinesin, I discuss how the active site switch machinery of kinesin cycles between three distinct states, how docking of the neck linker stabilizes two of these states, and how tension‐sensitive and position‐sensitive neck linker docking may modulate both the hydrolysis step of ATP turnover and the trapping of product ADP in the active site. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 476–482, 2016.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarroeal Human Stools from Vhembe District, South Africa

In the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in Vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. Stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (34.2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (25.5%) were the most common parasitic causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Giardia lamblia (12.8%) was the most common cause of diarrhoea among the primary school children (p<0.05). Schistosoma mansoni (14.4%) was more common in non-diarrhoeal samples at both hospitals (16.9%) and schools (17.6%). Campylobacter spp. (24.9%), Aeromonas spp. (20.8%), and Shigella spp. (8.5%) were the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Campylobacter (12.8%) and Aeromonas spp. (12.8%) were most common in diarrhoeal samples from school children. Vibrio spp. was less common (3% in the hospitals) and were all associated with diarrhoea. Antimicrobial resistance was common among the bacterial isolates but ceftriaxone (91%) and ciprofloxacin (88.6%) showed stronger activities against all the organisms. The present study has demonstrated that E. histolytica/dispar, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora are common parasitic causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district while Campylobacter spp. and Aeromonas are the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district of South Africa.
Using Dependent Regions for Object Categorization in a Generative Framework

"Bag of words" models have enjoyed much attention and achieved good performances in recent studies of object categorization. In most of these works, local patches are modeled as basic building blocks of an image, analogous to words in text documents. In most previous works using the "bag of words" models (e.g. [4, 20, 7]), the local patches are assumed to be independent with each other. In this paper, we relax the independence assumption and model explicitly the inter-dependency of the local regions. Similarly to previous work , we represent images as a collection of patches, each of which belongs to a latent "theme" that is shared across images as well as categories. We learn the theme distributions and patch distributions over the themes in a hierarchical structure [22]. In particular, we introduce a linkage structure over the latent themes to encode the dependencies of the patches. This structure enforces the semantic connections among the patches by facilitating better clustering of the themes. As a result, our models for object categories tend to be more discriminative than the ones obtained under the independent patch assumption. We show highly competitive categorization results on both the Caltech 4 and Caltech 101 object category datasets. By examining the distributions of the latent themes for each object category, we construct an object taxonomy using the 101 object classes from the Caltech 101 datasets.
Endothelial Cell Death Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Inhibited by the Bcl-2 Family Member, A1*

Endothelial cells play a central role in the inflammatory process. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine which elicits many of the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells. While TNF directly causes apoptosis of tumor cells and virally infected cells, normal cells are generally resistant. However, most resistant cells, including human endothelial cells, can be rendered susceptible to TNF by inhibiting RNA or protein synthesis. This finding suggests that TNF provides a cell survival signal in addition to a death signal. We have previously cloned a human Bcl-2 homologue, A1, and shown that it is specifically induced by proinflammatory cytokines but not by endothelial growth factors. In this study, we show that retroviral-mediated transfer of the A1 cDNA to a human microvascular endothelial cell line provides protection against cell death initiated by TNF in the presence of actinomycin D. The induction of A1 by TNF in this system is mediated via a protein kinase C pathway. Since TNF signaling has also been shown to proceed via ceramides, we tested whether exogenous ceramides could induce A1. Our findings indicate that ceramides do not induce A1 but do up-regulate c-jun and induce endothelial death. Ceramide-activated endothelial death is also inhibited by A1, suggesting that TNF may initiate divergent survival and death pathways via separate lipid second messengers.