Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Bone Mineral Density with Lean Mass, Fat Mass, and Dietary Patterns in Postmenopausal Chinese Women: A 2-Year Prospective Study

Objective To assess factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in a longitudinal study, and to examine the relative contribution of lean mass, fat mass, dietary patterns, and years since menopause to BMD. Methods Two hundred and eighty-two postmenopausal women were randomly selected from Hongqi Community Health Center, in Harbin City, China. All participants were followed up from 2009 to 2011. Dietary data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. BMD of the left hip, the lumbar spine, and the total body, and the body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up. Results Lean mass and fat mass were positively associated with BMD of the spine, hip, and the total body at both baseline and follow-up. The association between fat mass and BMD at the spine at baseline (P = 0.210) and at the spine (P = 0.116) and hip (P = 0.073) in the second year was not statistically significant when height was adjusted. Six dietary patterns were identified but only cereal grains-fruits pattern (P = 0.001 in the spine, P = 0.037 in hip) and milk-root vegetables pattern (P = 0.010 in hip) were associated with BMD of the spine and hip. The linear mixed model of follow-up data showed that lean mass, years since menopause, and age of menophania were the significant determinants of BMD of all sites. Moreover, lean mass was the best determinant of BMD (VIP = 1.936). Conclusion Lean mass, years since menopause, age of menophania and dietary patterns are the important determinants of BMD of the spine, hip, and the total body. Lean mass is the best determinant of BMD.
Hand Spring Operated Movement Enhancer (HandSOME): A Portable, Passive Hand Exoskeleton for Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke patients often have flexor hypertonia and finger extensor weakness, which makes it difficult to open their affected hand for functional grasp. Because of this impairment, hand rehabilitation after stroke is essential for restoring functional independent lifestyles. The goal of this study is to develop a passive, lightweight, wearable device to assist with hand function during performance of activities of daily living. The device, Hand Spring Operated Movement Enhancer (HandSOME), assists with opening the patient's hand using a series of elastic cords that apply extension torques to the finger joints and compensates for the flexor hypertonia. Device design and calibration are described as well as functional and usability testing with stroke subjects with a wide range of hand impairments. In initial testing with eight stroke subjects with finger flexor hypertonia, use of the HandSOME significantly increased range of motion (p <; 0.001) and functional ability (p=0.002) . There was some decrease in grip strength with the HandSOME device at the subject's ideal setting, however this was not statistically significant (p=0.167) and did not seem to have a significant effect on function. Overall HandSOME shows promise as a training tool to facilitate repetitive task practice for improving hand function in stroke patients. HandSOME can be used as part of a home-based therapy program, or as an orthotic for replacing lost function.
A qualitative evaluation of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities

Social network sites use is increasingly daily. While many health related communities now exist on Facebook; the issue of arising potential drawbacks of online communities is the matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the content of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (i) to determine the users of Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (ii) to understand the content of communication in Ovarian Cancer Facebook communities (iii) to examine the extent of exchanging incorrect health information and posting negative feeling in patient support Facebook communities. To this end content analysis technique was applied, 10 largest Facebook communities related to the Ovarian Cancer were selected then a thematic coding scheme was developed and random sample of the most recent wall posts and discussion topics were evaluated. Patients with Ovarian Cancer and their care takers provide queries and feedback related to personal health related information like experiences for cancer management; they also provide emotional support but potential disadvantages such as unconventional medical information and negative feeling were infrequent.
The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light- sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex

The responses of parietal visual neurons are markedly increased during attentive fixation, as compared to those evoked in relaxed wakefulness, an effect specific for directed attention and unrelated to putative differences in the general level of arousal. Those responses are also strongly influenced by the angle of gaze, an effect observed only during directed visual attention. The change in response is smoothly graded along a meridian for about one-half the neuron population; the average spatial gradient from maximum to minimum is 78% response for a 20 degrees shift in eye position. No lateral preference was observed. For the remaining half, responses were either maximal or minimal for fixations dead ahead, and changes occurred with deviations in any direction. Angle of gaze effects were observed for neurons with foveal as well as eccentrically located receptive fields, all of which were organized in retinotopic not spatial coordinates. Control experiments showed that the effect was not produced by changes in visual background with changes in the angle of gaze, nor to changes in fixation distance, nor to variations in the intensity of stimuli viewed from different angles. The effect depends upon the position of the eye in the orbit, but is unlikely due to a direct central action of changes in nonretinal orbital afferent activity at different angles of gaze, for the effect was rarely observed with changes in the angle of gaze during relaxed wakefulness without directed visual attention. The evidence supports the interpretation that the effect is produced by a central influence of the systems controlling directed visual attention and the angle of gaze upon those linking the retinae to the parietal lobe.
Kernel methods for large-scale genomic data analysis

Machine learning, particularly kernel methods, has been demonstrated as a promising new tool to tackle the challenges imposed by today's explosive data growth in genomics. They provide a practical and principled approach to learning how a large number of genetic variants are associated with complex phenotypes, to help reveal the complexity in the relationship between the genetic markers and the outcome of interest. In this review, we highlight the potential key role it will have in modern genomic data processing, especially with regard to integration with classical methods for gene prioritizing, prediction and data fusion.
Radiation patterns of seismic surface waves from buried dipolar point sources in a flat stratified Earth

Explicit compact expressions were obtained for the far displacement field of Rayleigh and Love waves generated by force configurations which served to simulate shear-type faults with arbitrary dip and slip. The medium transfer functions for dipolar sources were computed for a Gutenberg flat continental earth model with 23 layers. These were then used to obtain universal radiation pattern charts for couple- and double-couple-type sources at various depths over the period range 50 to 350 sec. It was demonstrated by means of few typical examples that the radiation patterns of Rayleigh waves may depend strongly on the depth of the source, and unlike the fundamental Love mode may be rather sensitive to small variations in frequency. For a given source and frequency the radiation pattern may differ considerably from one mode to another.
Simultaneous assimilation of satellite and eddy covariance data for improving terrestrial water and carbon simulations at a semi-arid woodland site in Botswana

Terrestrial productivity in semi-arid woodlands is strongly susceptible to changes in precipitation, and semi- arid woodlands constitute an important element of the global water and carbon cycles. Here, we use the Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) to investigate the key parameters controlling ecological and hydrological activities for a semi-arid savanna woodland site in Maun, Botswana. Twenty-four eco-hydrological process parameters of a terres- trial ecosystem model are optimized against two data streams separately and simultaneously: daily averaged latent heat flux (LHF) derived from eddy covariance measurements, and decadal fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radia- tion (FAPAR) derived from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of- view Sensor (SeaWiFS). Assimilation of both data streams LHF and FAPAR for the years 2000 and 2001 leads to improved agreement be- tween measured and simulated quantities not only for LHF and FAPAR, but also for photosynthetic CO2 uptake. The mean uncertainty reduction (relative to the prior) over all pa- rameters is 14.9 % for the simultaneous assimilation of LHF and FAPAR, 8.5 % for assimilating LHF only, and 6.1 % for assimilating FAPAR only. The set of parameters with the highest uncertainty reduction is similar between assimilating only FAPAR or only LHF. The highest uncertainty reduction for all three cases is found for a parameter quantifying max- imum plant-available soil moisture. This indicates that not only LHF but also satellite-derived FAPAR data can be used to constrain and indirectly observe hydrological quantities.
Chapter I The Panorama of Information Systems Quality

Business organizations are still struggling to improve the quality of information systems (IS) after many research efforts and years of accumulated experience in delivering them. The IS community is not short on prescriptions for improving quality; however the utterances are somewhat cacophonous as proponents of quality-enhancing approaches hyperbolize claims of their efficacy and/or denigrate older approaches, often ignoring the importance of context. In this chapter we undertake an extensive review of the IS quality literature to balance the many perspectives of stakeholders in this heterogeneous community with the necessarily varied prescriptions for producing high-quality systems. We develop an IS quality model, which distills determinants of IS product quality into effects attributable to people, processes, and practices and denote that IS success results from the IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in the publication, Measuring Information Systems Delivery Quality edited by Evan Duggan and Johannes Reichgelt © 2006, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB12921 2 Duggan and Reichgelt Copyright © 2006, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. combination of discernible IS quality and stakeholders’ perceptions of IS quality. This chapter serves as a general introduction to the detailed analyses of topics that follow in subsequent chapters but also provides insights that are not covered elsewhere in the book.
Rural‒Urban Mobilities in Turkey: Socio-spatial Perspectives on Migration and Return Movements

Abstract Based on original data, this article discusses rural‒urban mobilities and the contemporary employment‒migration relationship. Starting with the observation of reduced rural population but maintained family-farm numbers, it engages with multiple issues, including rural employment, the process of urban migration, settlement in the city, the relation of migrants to the rurality and (return) counter-migration. It supports the thesis that migration is not so much about a ‘movement from one place to another’, the classical migration definition, and more about a coupling of practices (related to mobilities, residence, employment, etc.) with places over time. Thus, migration and counter-migration are conceptualized as socio-spatial strategies, conceptualized as ‘multi-place living’ or ‘dual life’, which are based on variable engagements with rural farming, urban wage labour and return movements (for retirement, refuge, etc.). The newly emergent and growing dual/multi-place structures that result from this are re-shaping village life in particular, expressed in various ways, such as in a changing village demography and function.
Differences in Spatial Physical Activity Patterns between Weekdays and Weekends in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Accelerometry and Global Positioning System

Targeting the weekend to promote physical activity (PA) in children seems to be promising given that they tend to be less physically active and, particularly, as the age-related decline in PA is more marked during weekends. Considering the ambiguity of why children are not able to maintain their PA level on weekends, the aim of the present study was to objectively investigate differences in children’s spatial PA patterns between week and weekend days using the combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometry. Seventy-four second graders (aged 7–9 years) and 98 sixth graders (aged 11–14 years) wore an accelerometer and GPS sensor for seven consecutive days to determine where children spend time and engage in PA. Time-matched accelerometer and GPS data was mapped with a geographic information system and multilevel analyses accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data were conducted. Differences between weekdays and weekends regarding the total time spent and the absolute and relative level of PA in various settings were found in both age groups. The findings support previous research pointing to the importance of targeting weekend PA, especially when children grow older. Future interventions should encourage children to use outdoor spaces more frequently on weekends, rather than stay at home, and to commute actively to destinations other than school.
Concentration, spin and shape of dark matter haloes: Scatter and the dependence on mass and environment

We use a series of cosmological N-body simulations for a flat A cold dark matter (ACDM) cosmology to investigate the structural properties of dark matter haloes, at redshift zero, in the mass range 3 x 10 9 h -1 ≤ M vir ≤ 3 x 10 13 h -1 M ⊙ . These properties include the concentration parameter, c, the spin parameter, λ, and the mean axis ratio, q. For the concentration-mass relation we find c oc M -0.11 vir agreement with the model proposed by Bullock et al., but inconsistent with the alternative model of Eke et al. The normalization of the concentration-mass relation, however, is 15 per cent lower than suggested by Bullock et al. The results for X and q are in good agreement with previous studies, when extrapolated to the lower halo masses probed here, while c and λ are anticorrelated, in that high-spin haloes have, on average, lower concentrations. In an attempt to remove unrelaxed haloes from the sample, we compute for each halo the offset parameter, x off , defined as the distance between the most bound particle and the centre of mass, in units of the virial radius. Removing haloes with large x off increases the mean concentration by ∼ 10 per cent, lowers the mean spin parameter by ∼ 15 per cent, and removes the most prolate haloes. In addition, it largely removes the anticorrelation between c and λ, though not entirely. We also investigate the relation between halo properties and their large-scale environment density. For low-mass haloes we find that more concentrated haloes live in denser environments than their less concentrated counterparts of the same mass, consistent with recent correlation function analyses. Note, however, that the trend is weak compared to the scatter. For the halo spin parameters we find no environment dependence, while there is a weak indication that the most spherical haloes reside in slightly denser environments. Finally, using a simple model for disc galaxy formation we show that haloes that host low surface brightness galaxies are expected to be hosted by a biased subset of haloes. Not only do these haloes have spin parameters that are larger than average, they also have concentration parameters that are ∼15 per cent lower than the average at a given halo mass. We discuss the implications of all these findings for the claimed disagreement between halo concentrations inferred from low surface brightness rotation curves, and those expected for a ACDM cosmology.
Multiple Mechanisms Promote the Retained Expression of Gene Duplicates in the Tetraploid Frog Xenopus laevis

Gene duplication provides a window of opportunity for biological variants to persist under the protection of a co-expressed copy with similar or redundant function. Duplication catalyzes innovation (neofunctionalization), subfunction degeneration (subfunctionalization), and genetic buffering (redundancy), and the genetic survival of each paralog is triggered by mechanisms that add, compromise, or do not alter protein function. We tested the applicability of three types of mechanisms for promoting the retained expression of duplicated genes in 290 expressed paralogs of the tetraploid clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Tests were based on explicit expectations concerning the ka/ks ratio, and the number and location of nonsynonymous substitutions after duplication. Functional constraints on the majority of paralogs are not significantly different from a singleton ortholog. However, we recover strong support that some of them have an asymmetric rate of nonsynonymous substitution: 6% match predictions of the neofunctionalization hypothesis in that (1) each paralog accumulated nonsynonymous substitutions at a significantly different rate and (2) the one that evolves faster has a higher ka/ks ratio than the other paralog and than a singleton ortholog. Fewer paralogs (3%) exhibit a complementary pattern of substitution at the protein level that is predicted by enhancement or degradation of different functional domains, and the remaining 13% have a higher average ka/ks ratio in both paralogs that is consistent with altered functional constraints, diversifying selection, or activity-reducing mutations after duplication. We estimate that these paralogs have been retained since they originated by genome duplication between 21 and 41 million years ago. Multiple mechanisms operate to promote the retained expression of duplicates in the same genome, in genes in the same functional class, over the same period of time following duplication, and sometimes in the same pair of paralogs. None of these paralogs are superfluous; degradation or enhancement of different protein subfunctions and neofunctionalization are plausible hypotheses for the retained expression of some of them. Evolution of most X. laevis paralogs, however, is consistent with retained expression via mechanisms that do not radically alter functional constraints, such as selection to preserve post-duplication stoichiometry or temporal, quantitative, or spatial subfunctionalization.
A network coding algorithm for video on demand multicast using a single server channel

In this paper, we demonstrate a network coded transmission scheme that allows the implementation of multicast video on demand using a single server channel. A receiver is permitted to join the broadcast at any time, where after an initial startup delay, it is able to deliver packets at its channel rate. This transmission scheme is the first to allow in-order packet delivery while providing innovative information to all receivers at all times. We illustrate how this feature can be achieved by taking advantage of the early decoding properties of an existing network coding transmission scheme.
Adult Rodent Neurogenic Regions: The Ventricular Subependyma Contains Neural Stem Cells, But the Dentate Gyrus Contains Restricted Progenitors

Neurogenesis persists in two adult brain regions: the ventricular subependyma and the subgranular cell layer in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Previous work in many laboratories has shown explicitly that multipotential, self-renewing stem cells in the subependyma are the source of newly generated migrating neurons that traverse the rostral migratory stream and incorporate into the olfactory bulb as interneurons. These stem cells have been specifically isolated from the subependyma, and their properties of self-renewal and multipotentiality have been demonstrated in vitro. In contrast, it is a widely held assumption that the “hippocampal” stem cells that can be isolated in vitro from adult hippocampus reside in the neurogenic subgranular layer and represent the source of new granule cell neurons, but this has never been tested directly. Primary cell isolates derived from the precise microdissection of adult rodent neurogenic regions were compared using two very different commonly used culture methods: a clonal colony-forming (neurosphere) assay and a monolayer culture system. Importantly, both of these culture methods generated the same conclusion: stem cells can be isolated from hippocampus-adjacent regions of subependyma, but the adult DG proper does not contain a population of resident neural stem cells. Indeed, although the lateral ventricle and other ventricular subependymal regions directly adjacent to the hippocampus contain neural stem cells that exhibit long-term self-renewal and multipotentiality, separate neuronal and glial progenitors with limited self-renewal capacity are present in the adult DG, suggesting that neuron-specific progenitors and not multipotential stem cells are the source of newly generated DG neurons throughout adulthood.
Distinguishing different types of conference submissions: the ACL case study

Many conferences in AI and NLP call for long and short papers; and satellite workshops co-locate with the main conference. In this work, we focus on distinguishing full from short from workshop papers, as submitted to some recent ACL conferences. We propose a framework that takes into account both metadata and content of the paper. To extract metadata, we devised a full-fledged paper parser. SVM models outperform the only previously published results by at least 3.6% as concerns distinguishing full from workshop papers. Metadata (number of tables/formulas), syntactic feature (syntactic complexity) and term TF-IDF score distinguish full from short papers, whereas the topic also distinguishes full from workshop papers.
Conflicts of Interest in Financial Markets - Evidence from Bond Underwriting in the Nineties

This paper presents some new evidence on the conflict of interest that may arise when banks underwrite corporate securities and sell them to their customers. Two alternative views are confronted; a) that commercial banks possess private information on the financial condition of their clients and so perform better screening (the certification hypothesis); and b) that commercial banks might convert loans to firms in financial difficulties into bonds marketed to unsuspecting clients (the ‘naive investor’ hypothesis). The empirical analysis compares the default rates between 2000 and 2002 of a sample of more than 5,000 securities issued from 1991 to 1999. Our results show that, on average, securities underwritten by investment houses and by commercial banks had the same probability of default. However, investment-grade issues underwritten by commercial banks had a lower probability of default than those underwritten by investment houses, while the reverse was true for noninvestment- grade issues. Based on this latter result, it is not possible to refute the ‘naive investor’ hypothesis, as instead in Kroszner and Rajan (1994).