Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of the planetary systems WASP-45 and WASP-46 from simultaneous multiband photometry

Accurate measurements of the physical characteristics of a large number of exoplanets are useful to strongly constrain theoretical models of planet formation and evolution, which lead to the large variety of exoplanets and planetary-system configurations that have been observed. We present a study of the planetary systems WASP-45 and WASP-46, both composed of a main-sequence star and a close-in hot Jupiter, based on 29 new high-quality light curves of transits events. In particular, one transit of WASP-45 b and four of WASP-46 b were simultaneously observed in four optical filters, while one transit of WASP-46 b was observed with the NTT obtaining a precision of 0.30 mmag with a cadence of roughly 3 min. We also obtained five new spectra of WASP-45 with the FEROS spectrograph. We improved by a factor of 4 the measurement of the radius of the planet WASP-45 b, and found that WASP-46 b is slightly less massive and smaller than previously reported. Both planets now have a more accurate measurement of the density (0.959 +/- 0.077 rho Jup instead of 0.64 +/- 0.30 rho Jup for WASP-45 b, and 1.103 +/- 0.052 rho Jup instead of 0.94 +/- 0.11 rho Jup for WASP-46 b). We tentatively detected radius variations with wavelength for both planets, in particular in the case of WASP-45 b we found a slightly larger absorption in the redder bands than in the bluer ones. No hints for the presence of an additional planetary companion in the two systems were found either from the photometric or radial velocity measurements.
Oestrogen receptor alpha in pulmonary hypertension

Aims Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs more frequently in women with mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and dysfunctional BMPR2 signalling underpinning heritable PAH. We have previously shown that serotonin can uncover a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype in BMPR2+/− mice and that oestrogen can increase serotinergic signalling in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Hence, here we wished to characterize the expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in male and female human pulmonary arteries and have examined the influence of oestrogen and serotonin on BMPR2 and ERα expression. Methods and results By immunohistochemistry, we showed that ERα, ERβ, and G-protein-coupled receptors are expressed in human pulmonary arteries localizing mainly to the smooth muscle layer which also expresses the serotonin transporter (SERT). Protein expression of ERα protein was higher in female PAH patient hPASMCs compared with male and serotonin also increased the expression of ERα. 17β-estradiol induced proliferation of hPASMCs via ERα activation and this engaged mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling. Female mice over-expressing SERT (SERT+ mice) develop PH and the ERα antagonist MPP attenuated the development of PH in normoxic and hypoxic female SERT+ mice. The therapeutic effects of MPP were accompanied by increased expression of BMPR2 in mouse lung. Conclusion ERα is highly expressed in female hPASMCs from PAH patients and mediates oestrogen-induced proliferation of hPASMCs via mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling. Serotonin can increase ERα expression in hPASMCs and antagonism of ERα reverses serotonin-dependent PH in the mouse and increases BMPR2 expression.
Expanded genomewide scan implicates a novel locus at 3q28 among Caribbean hispanics with familial Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVES To identify novel candidate regions for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and to confirm linkage in previously identified chromosomal regions. DESIGN Family-based linkage analysis. SETTING Probands with familial LOAD identified in clinics in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the United States. Patients We conducted a genome scan in 1161 members primarily clinically diagnosed as having LOAD; these members were from 209 families of Caribbean Hispanic ancestry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analyzed 376 microsatellite markers with an average intermarker distance of 9.3 centimorgan. We conducted linkage analysis using possible and probable LOAD, and we performed affecteds-only 2-point linkage analyses assuming either an autosomal dominant or a recessive model. Subsequently, we conducted a multipoint affected sibling pair linkage analysis. RESULTS Two-point parametric linkage analysis identified a locus at 3q28 with a genomewide empirical P value of . 03 (logarithm of odds [LOD], 3.09) in a dominant model for probable and possible LOAD. Other regions suggestive of linkage included 2p25.3 (LOD, 1.77), 7p21.1 (LOD, 1.82), and 9q32 (LOD, 1.94). Under a recessive model, we also identified loci at 5p15.33 (LOD, 1.86), 12q24.21 (LOD, 2.43), 14q22.3 (LOD, 2.53), and 14q23.1 (LOD, 2.16) as suggestive for linkage. Restricted to probable LOAD, many of these loci continued to meet criteria suggestive for linkage, as did loci at 2p25.3 (LOD, 2.72), 3q28 (LOD, 2.28), 6p21.31 (LOD, 2.19), and 7p21.1 (LOD, 2.05). APOE conditional analysis indicated that the observed linkage at 3q28 was independent of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Multipoint nonparametric affected sibling pair linkage analysis provided confirmation of suggestive linkage for most, but not all, loci. CONCLUSIONS Seven loci with LOD scores greater than 2.0 were identified among multiple affected Caribbean Hispanic families with LOAD. The highest LOD score was found at chromosome 3q28. At least 2 other independent studies have observed support for significant linkage at chromosome 3q28, highlighting this region as a locus for further genetic exploration.
Approximating Optimal Social Choice under Metric Preferences

We examine the quality of social choice mechanisms using a utilitarian view, in which all of the agents have costs for each of the possible alternatives. While these underlying costs determine what the optimal alternative is, they may be unknown to the social choice mechanism; instead the mechanism must decide on a good alternative based only on the ordinal preferences of the agents which are induced by the underlying costs. Due to its limited information, such a social choice mechanism cannot simply select the alternative that minimizes the total social cost (or minimizes some other objective function). Thus, we seek to bound the distortion: the worst-case ratio between the social cost of the alternative selected and the optimal alternative. Distortion measures how good a mechanism is at approximating the alternative with minimum social cost, while using only ordinal preference information. The underlying costs can be arbitrary, implicit, and unknown; our only assumption is that the agent costs form a metric space, which is a natural assumption in many settings. We quantify the distortion of many well-known social choice mechanisms. We show that for both total social cost and median agent cost, many positional scoring rules have large distortion, while on the other hand Copeland and similar mechanisms perform optimally or near-optimally, always obtaining a distortion of at most 5. We also give lower bounds on the distortion that could be obtained by any deterministic social choice mechanism, and extend our results on median agent cost to more general objective functions.
Adaptive wavelet coding of images

In this work, we propose end-to-end image compression/decompression systems based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), entropy-constrained trellis coded quantization (ECTCQ), and arithmetic coding. Two forms of adaptation (codebook and image subblock) are investigated. The baseline system uses neither form of adaptation, while the adaptive systems use one or both forms of adaptivity. Excellent peak signal-to-noise ratios are obtained for the 512/spl times/512 "Lenna" image. Comparison of the systems with other results from the literature show that the fully adaptive system is quite competitive. <<ETX>>
Attitudes to LX speech : performance and status evaluations in group work

Against a backdrop of increasing internationalisation in higher education, this study employed a matched guise technique to investigate L1 speakers’ evaluations of an LX speaker*. Seventy five UK students were asked to rate an idea put forward by an L1 speaker and predict the status this individual would enjoy in future group work in terms of receiving opportunities to contribute, receiving positive evaluations, and exerting influence. A separate group of 150 UK students heard the identical idea delivered by a LX speaker, rated at a level of language proficiency of approximately IELTS 6.5, and made the same evaluations. Results indicated that the majority of students in the second group reported some comprehension difficulties and rated the LX user as being less than able to meet the linguistic demands of group work in university. For these L1 raters, the LX speaker was expected to suffer a significant status loss compared to the equivalent L1 speaker. In terms of L1 rater differences, findings also revealed that students with high levels of on intercultural competence, specifically high motivational cultural intelligence (MCQ), were better able to process LX speech compared to those with low MCQ, with an effect size of R=. 42. High MCQ was also linked to more positive evaluations of the LX speaker’s ideas, intellectual and academic ability, and language proficiency. Results suggest the extent to which some LX speakers may suffer an expectations ‘disadvantage’ in group work relative to L1 speakers, and the role that MCQ plays in the processing and evaluation of LX speech. * This dissertation will adapt an ‘L1’ versus ‘LX’ dichotomy to avoid the strong monolingual bias associated with traditional ‘native speaker’ versus ‘non-native speaker’ or ‘L1 speaker’ versus ‘L2 speaker’ alternatives. Dewaele defines LX as any foreign language acquired after the age at which the first language(s) were acquired, or approximately the age of 3 (Dewaele, no date:1). The label ‘LX’ is not, therefore, indicative of a particular level of language proficiency
Sequential Effects of Phonological Priming in Visual Word Recognition

Two masked priming experiments were conducted to examine phonological priming of bisyllabic words in French, and in particular, whether it operates sequentially or in parallel. Bisyllabic target words were primed by pseudowords that shared either the first or the second phonological syllable of the target. Overlap of the first syllable only—not the second—produced facilitation in both the lexical decision and the naming tasks. These findings suggest that, for polysyllabic words, phonological codes are computed sequentially during silent reading and reading aloud.
Applications of the change-of-rings spectral sequence to the computation of Hochschild cohomology

We consider the change-of-rings spectral sequence as it applies to Hochschild cohomology, obtaining a description of the differentials on the first page which relates it to the multiplicative stucture on cohomology. Using this information, we are able to completely describe the cohomology structure of monogenic algebras as well as some information on the structure of the cohomology in more general situations. We also show how to use the spectral sequence to reprove and generalize results of M. Auslander et. al. about homological epimorphisms. We derive from this a rather general version of the long exact sequence due to D. Happel for a one-point (co)-extension of a finite dimensional algebra and show how it can be put to use in concrete examples.
Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research. Edited by Inge Bretherton and Everett Waters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1986. Pp. 320. $14.50.

Itistotheauthor's credithatdespite thisbeingan American text mention is made of drugs used in Europe but not in the USA. The absence of mention ofwhat approach to take towards alcohol withdrawal or of the recent work on the placebo response reduces theusefulness ofthetexttotrainees inpsychiatry. Although the book has good aspects it cannot be considered a comprehensive text. It aims to be a practical guide but repetition and the inaccessibility of the information mitigate against its use in teaching and clinical practice.
Major surgery within the first 3 months of life and subsequent biobehavioral pain responses to immunization at later age: a case comparison study.

OBJECTIVES Pain exposure during early infancy affects the pain perception beyond infancy into childhood. The objective of this study was to examine whether major surgery within the first 3 months of life in combination with preemptive analgesia alters pain responses to immunization at 14 or 45 months and to assess whether these alterations are greater in toddlers with a larger number of negative hospital experiences. METHODS Two groups of 50 toddlers each were compared: index group and control group. All index toddlers had participated within the first 3 months of their life in a randomized, clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy of preemptive morphine administration for postoperative analgesia. The controls were matched by type of immunization and community health care pediatrician. Pain reactions were recorded at routine immunization at either 14 (measles-mumps-rubella immunization) or 45 months (diphtheria-tetanus-trivalent polio immunization) of age. Outcome measures were facial reaction, coded by the Maximum Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System; heart rate (HR); and cortisol saliva concentration. Negative hospital experiences included number of operations requiring postoperative morphine administration, cumulative Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System scores, and length of stay in the intensive care unit or total hospitalization days. RESULTS No differences were found between the index and control groups in the facial display of pain, anger, or sadness or in physiologic parameters such as HR and cortisol concentrations. Intragroup analyses of the index group showed that after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, the number of negative hospital experiences correlated positively with the facial responsiveness and negatively with HR responses. No effect was seen after diphtheria-tetanus-trivalent polio immunization. CONCLUSIONS Major surgery in combination with preemptive analgesia within the first months of life does not alter pain response to subsequent pain exposure in childhood. Greater exposure to early hospitalization influences the pain responses after prolonged time. These responses, however, diminish after a prolonged period of nonexposure.
Modelling responses in vigilance rates to arrivals to and departures from a group of foragers

Feeding birds must balance food gathering against predation risk. Group foraging is generally considered as a strategy for optimizing this trade-off. Previous modelling studies assumed that group sizes were static and that all group members are informed of an imminent predator attack if one of them detects it. These models implicitly assumed that birds could estimate group size, and adopt a fixed rate of anti-predator vigilance scanning. Recent empirical results suggest that group sizes are generally dynamic rather than static and the group members are often unaware of another's detection of imminent attack. It has also been observed that vigilance rates are not static but change after the arrival or departure of another. Here, we present a model which allows feeding-group size (and individuals' vigilance rates) to vary dynamically, and investigate the implications which this has for the optimum trade-off between foraging and avoiding predation. We find that newly arrived birds should generally be the most vigilant and that vigilance rates should decrease after the arrival of another into the feeding group but increase after a departure. Vigilance rates should increase as the cost of predator attack increases or if the reward rate from foraging decreases. Vigilance should increase if predator attacks are more common but decrease if predators require a longer time undetected to approach the feeding group. In common with many experimental studies, we observe that vigilance rates decrease as the average number of birds feeding together increases. Hence, the main conclusion of previous works (that foraging in groups is an effective strategy for balancing the conflicting pressures of foraging and avoiding predation) is obtained by our model, despite relaxing several previously used assumptions. Finally, we discuss some of the open questions related to group vigilance and how extensions to our modelling framework might be used to address these.
Art and science in the UK: a brief history and critical reflection

ABSTRACT This paper begins by reviewing the historical construction of ‘SciArt’, and the way in which its supposed interdisciplinarity often shaded into science communication. Early discussions about the complementarity of art and science were conceived in terms of epistemology, notably the qualities of imagination and curiosity. The paper moves on to discuss how, during the current decade, Art and Science (A&S) discourse has altered due to changes in the cultural politics of both its constituent fields, emerging as a ‘transdiscipline’ characterized by ‘creativity’. Eighteen in-depth surveys with leading practitioners in A&S form a substantial part of the research material, yielding an evaluation of what the disciplinary, economic and cultural implications of this changed discourse may be. Though potentially angled towards the solution of ‘wicked’ problems, transdisciplinarity also sacrifices the specific critical expertise of art, fetishizes tech at the expense of science and selectively ignores institutional problems inherent in funding and power structures.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Previous Mathematics Achievement on High School Advanced Mathematics Course Taking

Direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and previous mathematics achievement on high school advanced mathematics course taking were explored. Structural equation modeling was carried out on data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study: 1988 database. The two variables were placed in a model together with the mediating variables of parental involvement, educational aspirations of peers, student’s educational aspirations, and mathematics self-concept. A nonsignificant direct effect of SES on course taking suggests the lack of an ‘automatic’ privilege of high-SES students in terms of course placements. The significant indirect effect of previous mathematics achievement tells that it needs to be translated into high educational aspirations and a strong mathematics self-concept to eventually lead to advanced course taking. In view of the freedom students in public high schools have in choosing the courses they take, course taking is a critical aspect of the students’ education. Research consistently suggests that this is especially true for mathematics. Course taking was found to have the largest effect on academic achievement in mathematics among the academic subjects examined (e.g., Jones, Davenport, Bryson, Bekhuis, & Zwick, 1986; Schmidt, 1983). Researchers found that, even when students’ social background and previous academic achievement were controlled, course taking was the single best predictor—twice as strong as any other factor—of achievement in mathematics (Lee, Burkam, Chow-Hoy, Smerdon, & Geverdt, 1998). In a study on National Educational Longitudinal Study: 1988 (NELS: 88) data, results indicated that the achievement growth differences in mathematics and science among high- and low-socioeconomic status students completing the same numbers of courses were small. This was particularly true in mathematics, where none of the socioeconomic status (SES) comparisons were significant among students taking the same numbers of high school mathematics courses (Hoffer,
Editorial: The role of reasoning in mathematical thinking

ABSTRACT Research into mathematics often focuses on basic numerical and spatial intuitions, and one key property of numbers: their magnitude. The fact that mathematics is a system of complex relationships that invokes reasoning usually receives less attention. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the intricate connections between reasoning and mathematics, and to use insights from the reasoning literature to obtain a more complete understanding of the processes that underlie mathematical cognition. The topics that are discussed range from the basic heuristics and biases to the various ways in which complex, effortful reasoning contributes to mathematical cognition, while also considering the role of individual differences in mathematics performance. These investigations are not only important at a theoretical level, but they also have broad and important practical implications, including the possibility to improve classroom practices and educational outcomes, to facilitate people's decision-making, as well as the clear and accessible communication of numerical information.
Allicin from garlic strongly inhibits cysteine proteinases and cytopathic effects of Entamoeba histolytica

The ability of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to destroy monolayers of baby hamster kidney cells is inhibited by allicin, one of the active principles of garlic. Cysteine proteinases, an important contributor to amebic virulence, as well as alcohol dehydrogenase, are strongly inhibited by allicin.
Direct evidence of coexisting horseshoe and extended helix conformations of membrane-bound alpha-synuclein.

IDPs lack a well-defined three-dimensional fold anddisplay remarkable conformational flexibility. This property po-tentially enables them to be promiscuous in their interactionsand to adapt their structure according to the needed function.In the case of aS, the protein is capable of adopting a b-sheetstructure in the amyloid fibrils constituting the Lewy bodiesand an a-helical structure in the membrane bound form. Theexact physiological role of aS has yet to be determined, butmembrane binding seems to be important for its function.
Enhancing Brain Lesions after Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysms

These authors present MR images in 7 patients who developed enhancing lesions after endovascular therapy for intracranial aneurysms, 3 of which were symptomatic. The number of lesions increased in 2, was stable in 1, decreased in 3, and disappeared in 1 patient. The authorsput forward that the imaging and clinical characteristics suggested a foreign body reaction. They found no correlation to a specific device, but a possible source may be the generic hydrophilic coating. SUMMARY: Complications of endovascular therapy of aneurysms mainly include aneurysm rupture and thromboembolic events. The widespread use of MR imaging for follow-up of these patients revealed various nonvascular complications such as aseptic meningitis, hydrocephalus, and perianeurysmal brain edema. We present 7 patients from 5 different institutions that developed MR imaging–enhancing brain lesions after endovascular therapy of aneurysms, detected after a median time of 63 days. The number of lesions ranged from 4–46 (median of 10.5), sized 2–20 mm, and were mostly in the same vascular territory used for access. Three patients presented with symptoms attributable to these lesions. After a median follow-up of 21.5 months, the number of lesions increased in 2, was stable in 1, decreased in 3, and disappeared in 1. The imaging and clinical characteristics suggested a foreign body reaction. We could find no correlation to a specific device, but a possible source may be the generic hydrophilic coating.