Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do students trust Wikipedia? An examination across genders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to tend to further develop an understanding of information trustworthiness in the context of Wikipedia and examine the moderating effects of gender on the association between trustworthiness and intention to adopt Wikipedia information. Design/methodology/approach Based on a four-dimensional framework of information trustworthiness, the authors began the research by identifying Wikipedia as an application of online information so as to construct a model and develop an instrument based on this trustworthiness framework. Findings The results confirm that information accuracy, stability, and validity are significantly related to users’ intentions to adopt information from Wikipedia, but objectivity is not. Meanwhile, moderating role for gender on some of these effects is confirmed. Academic and practical implications are discussed. Originality/value Previous research considers the open-editing characteristics of Wikipedia as both strength and weakness; it allows for wide coverage of the information contributed by various users, but can also lead to a lack of trustworthiness. It has also been suggested that trustworthiness is perceived differently by males and females. Understanding how gender plays a role in differentiating the impact of trustworthiness on user intentions to adopt Wikipedia information could benefit both academics and practitioners.
Intravascular ultrasound tissue harmonic imaging in vivo

The feasibility of tissue harmonic imaging with a prototype intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) system using a conventional single-element rotating IVUS catheter was investigated. Hydrophone measurements showed fundamental peak pressures of 1.9 MPa on-axis of such a catheter in water. The second harmonic signal at 40 MHz built up to 0.55 MPa, corresponding to 11 dB below the peak fundamental pressure. Experiments performed in a tissue-mimicking phantom and in a rabbit aorta in vivo showed the feasibility of tissue harmonic imaging with a conventional IVUS catheter. When we applied averaging of four neighboring RF-lines in the in vivo acquisition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the harmonic image increased to 25 dB.
Detecting Malapropisms Using Measures of Contextual Fitness

While detecting simple language errors (e.g. misspellings, number agreement, etc.) is nowadays standard functionality in all but the simplest text-editors, other more complicated language errors might go unnoticed. A difficult case are errors that come in the disguise of a valid word that fits syntactically into the sentence. We use the Wikipedia revision history to extract a dataset with such errors in their context. We show that the new dataset provides a more realistic picture of the performance of contextual fitness measures. The achieved error detection quality is generally sufficient for competent language users who are willing to accept a certain level of false alarms, but might be problematic for non-native writers who accept all suggestions made by the systems. We make the full experimental framework publicly available which will allow other scientists to reproduce our experiments and to conduct follow-up experiments. RESUME. Alors que la detection d'erreurs simples est aujourd'hui une fonctionnalite standard des traitements de texte un peu evolues, de nombreuses erreurs restent difficiles a reperer. C'est souvent le cas lorsque la forme correcte est remplacee par une autre forme valide et syntaxique- ment plausible en contexte. Nous avons utilise les revisions de Wikipedia pour extraire automa- tiquement une listes d'erreurs de ce type. Ces donnees permettent de se faire une meilleure idee de l'utilite reelle des indicateurs standard de conformite contextuelle, qu'ils soient linguistiques ou statistiques. Les taux de detection obtenus sont generalement suffisants pour des scripteurs competents qui seraient prets a accepter un certain niveau de fausses alarmes ; ils restent prob- lematiques pour des scripteurs nonnatifs. L'ensemble du dispositif experimental utilise pour ce travail sera rendu public, ce qui permettra a d'autres chercheurs de reproduire nos experiences et d'approfondir nos resultats.
Expert-novice differences in an applied selective attention task.

Compared the temporal and spatial characteristics of the anticipatory cues used by 20 expert and 35 novice racquet sport players and examined the roles of different anticipatory cue sources in the independent predictions of stroke speed and direction. Based on analyses of films of Ss, it is concluded that directional judgments were more dependent on cue specificity than were depth judgments.
Psychological Effects of False-Positive Results in Expanded Newborn Screening in China

Objectives As more families participate expanded newborn screening for metabolic disorders in China, the overall number of false positives increases. Our goal was to assess the potential impact on parental stress, perceptions of the child's health, and family relationships. Methods Parents of 49 infants with false-positive screening results for metabolic disorders in the expanded newborn screening panel were compared with parents of 42 children with normal screening results. Parents first completed structured interview using likert scales, closed and open questions. Parents also completed the parenting stress index. Results A total of 88 mothers and 41 fathers were interviewed. More mothers in the false-positive group reported that their children required extra parental care (21%), compared with 5% of mothers in the normal-screened group (P<0.001). 39% of mothers in the false-positive group reported that they worry about their child's future development, compared with 10% of mothers in the normal-screened group (P<0.001). Fathers in the false-positive group did not differ from fathers in the normal-screened group in reporting worry about their child's extra care requirements, and their child's future development. Children with false-positive results compared with children with normal results were triple as likely to experience hospitalization (27%vs 9%, respectively; P<0.001). Conclusions The results showing false-positive screening results may affect parental stress and the parent-child relationship. Parental stress and anxiety can be reduced with improved education and communication to parents about false-positive results.
The Spillover Effects of Having a Sibling with Special Educational Needs

ABSTRACT The influence that students with special educational needs may exert on the schooling outcomes of their siblings without special educational needs has been given minimal attention in published research. Hence, the authors bring forth a unique contribution by evaluating the within-family effects of being a child without special educational needs in a family with a sibling with special educational needs. To do so, the authors utilized quasi-experimental methods on a sample of siblings in the Philadelphia School District over 6 years of observations. Because individual student data can be linked to home address information as well as classroom, school, grade, and year identifiers, the authors identified children in the same household over time and subsequently employs multilevel fixed effects models to evaluate achievement and nonachievement schooling outcomes. The results indicate that having a sibling with special educational needs is positively related to standardized achievement compared with those children whose siblings do not have special educational needs. This supports a positive spillover hypothesis. On the other hand, nonsignificance permeates the effects on nonachievement schooling results, including attendance, truancy, tardiness, and behavior.
Through the Rainbow Looking Glass: Exploration of the Impact of Gay Community and Media Exposure on Body Image, Depression and Controlling Physical Appearance in Gay Men

Results from the literature have shown that gay men report greater susceptibility to appearance manipulation. There is a paucity of research examining factors that influence body image perception for gay men and that exposure to idealised media imagery may play a role in decreased satisfaction with appearance. The current study aimed to explore the relationships between gay identity variables (gay community involvement, gay media exposure, muscular/weight concerns) and body modification behaviours (eating restriction and obligatory/excessive exercise) and depression in a sample of 260 gay men recruited from Australian, American and British gay organisations or interest groups. The study utilised the The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire – Appearance Scales, Masculine Body Ideal Distress Scale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire, K10, and experimenter derived Identification and Involvement with the Gay Community Scale. Using a path model between these variables, results showed strong and moderate effects between overweight preoccupation and restricted eating (β =.70) and muscular dissatisfaction and obligatory exercise (β =.47). A small significant effect was found between gay media exposure and overweight preoccupation (β =.17), while involvement in the gay community was related to a significant decrease in depressive symptoms (β = -.21). Results suggest that greater exposure to gay community media may relate to concerns about being fat. Higher levels of weight and muscle dissatisfaction may also relate to eating pathology risk and pathological exercise in order to conform to an idealised body. This is the first study to examine trimness and muscularity alongside two modification behaviours in gay men. The results suggest that gay men’s body image is related to their perceptions of both bodyweight and satisfaction with levels of muscle tone. Findings also suggest involvement in the gay community is associated with reduced mood problems in gay men, though the mechanism for this is not clear. The clinical implications of the findings are that psychologists working with gay male clients who present with body image difficulties should be mindful that the relationship between exercise fixation and eating problems needs to be assessed. Future research should explore whether gay men from specific gay subcultures (which value different forms of appearance) are subject to similar forms of body manipulation.
Differential distribution of B7.1 (CD80) and B7.2 (CD86) costimulatory molecules on mucosal macrophage subsets in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

The molecules B7.1 and B7.2 deliver costimulatory signals of critical importance to naive T cells, and may thus be involved in abrogation of oral tolerance in IBD. Functional disparity apparently exists among antigen‐presenting cells in vivo. We wanted to examine if differential B7 expression occurs on mucosal macrophage subsets. Cryosections of bowel specimens from patients with IBD and normal controls were subjected to immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. In normal mucosa, selective subepithelial accumulation of B7.2+ cells was found. In inflamed IBD mucosa, however, subsets appeared consisting of both B7.2hi and B7.1hi cells as well as CD14hi macrophages. Notably, outside lymphoid aggregates the prominent fraction of recently recruited CD14hi macrophages comprised most (≈ 80%) of the B7.1hi cells, whereas most (≈ 70%) B7.2hi cells were identified as resident mucosal macrophages (CD14lo or CD14−). Differential expression of B7.1 and B7.2 on two functionally different subsets of intestinal macrophages implies separate immunoregulatory roles for the two molecules. This finding is in keeping with recent experimental data demonstrating that monocyte‐derived cells are crucial for immune responses at mucosal surfaces. Preferential B7.1 up‐regulation might be critical in breaking the immunological tolerance to luminal antigens in IBD, but it cannot be excluded that it is a secondary pathogenic event.
Is word processing involuntary in deaf children

Processes underlying reading in profoundly congenitally deaf children were investigated in three experiments using the Stroop paradigm, where subjects were required to respond to coloured letter strings displayed on a video-monitor. Each experiment examined two response measures: A manual one where subjects pressed the button corresponding to the appropriate colour, and a colour-naming task. Unpronounceable letter strings, pronounceable non-words, colour related and unrelated words were displayed as well as colour words. In both deaf and hearing children of similar reading skill the pattern was very similar. Colour words generated most interference in the vocal, least in the manual task, suggesting automatic access to word meaning (the manual task) and, additionally, to word pronunciation (the vocal task). In a second experiment, where unique letter strings were presented in different colours, the same general pattern was observed: These results are not limited to repeated associative pairings of colours and their names, suggesting that the deaf, like hearing children, have automatic access to word pronunciations in reading. In a third experiment, non-words that were homophones of incongruent colour words also produced interference with output forms for pronounceable letter strings. Taken together, these results indicate that access to orthographic, semantic and even phonological information can occur automatically when deaf children are presented with written words.
Would you credit it? Navigating the transitions between curricular and extra-curricular learning in university music departments

Extra-curricular activities have for many years been a prominent and valuable feature of UK university music departments, but the current political and economic climate poses several significant threats to their survival, including uncertain funding, demands on students’ time (including the need to undertake paid employment), and, potentially, the reduction of music in the school curriculum, limiting the number of students equipped to study music in higher education. Amongst this uncertainty, articulating the value of extra-curricular music-making becomes ever more important. This article draws on an empirical investigation of current practice in extra-curricular music, and considers the ways in which staff and students negotiate the aims, experiences and roles that shape a department’s performing culture. The transitions of learner roles, increasing independence and musical identity inherent in these practices are considered here, and some conclusions drawn about the contribution of extra-curricular learning to university experience.
Leadership as Work-embedded Influence: A Micro-discursive Analysis of an Everyday Interaction in a Bank

The article examines leadership as an aspect of everyday work interactions. Drawing on the findings of an ethnographically inspired study of superior—subordinate relations in a bank, it argues that leadership can be understood as embedded in everyday work-activities, rather than seen as distinct from these. Relying on the framework of discursive psychology, a micro-level analysis of an informal interaction is presented, showing how discursive strategies in the leader—follower exchange make relevant organizational visions and values rooted in the wider cultural context, and how the follower identity and action alternatives are negotiated in this process. These findings are discussed in the light of current leadership research, and it is suggested that leadership can be understood as a practical accomplishment. Influence may thus be seen as dependent on or embedded in everyday work, a contention which constitutes a challenge to the widespread distinction between management and leadership.
Toward a Native Anthropology: Methodological Notes on a Study of Successful Caribbean Women by an Insider

This account of the research methods used in a study of Caribbean women by a Caribbean woman is an exercise in native anthropology. It begins with my discovery that research about women from the Third World, such as myself, failed in its depiction of us. The account, using my study as an example, suggests how the traditional social science paradigm must be adapted to the Third World circumstance. It concludes with the warning that the native anthropologist, the insider, must be ideologically conscious during her study else her research become coopted.
In vitro protective effects of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal root extract against hydrogen peroxide and β‐amyloid(1–42)‐induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells

Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae), also known as ‘ashwagandha’ in Sanskrit and as ‘Indian ginseng’, is used widely in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer, with antiaging, antistress, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. There is a paucity of data on the potential neuroprotective effects of W. somnifera root, as traditionally used, against H2O2‐ and Aβ(1–42)‐induced cytotoxicity which are current targets for novel approaches to treat dementia, especially dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD). In this study, an aqueous extract prepared from the dried roots of W. somnifera was assessed for potential protective effects against H2O2‐ and Aβ(1–42)‐aggregated fibril cytotoxicity by an MTT assay using a differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. The results suggest that pretreatments of differentiated PC12 cells with aqueous extracts of W. somnifera root significantly protect differentiated PC12 cells against both H2O2‐ and Aβ(1–42)‐induced cytotoxicity, in a concentration dependent manner. To investigate the compounds that could explain the observed effects, the W. somnifera extract was analysed by liquid chromatography–serial mass spectrometry and numerous withanolide derivatives, including withaferin A, were detected. These results demonstrate the neuroprotective properties of an aqueous extract of W. somnifera root and may provide some explanation for the putative ethnopharmacological uses of W. somnifera for cognitive and other neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with oxidative stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Real-Time Tracking with Diverse Ensembles and Random Projections

Tracking by detection techniques have recently been gaining popularity and showing promising results. They use samples classified in previous frames to detect an object in a new frame. However, because they rely on self updating, such techniques are prone to object drift. Multiple classifier systems can be used to improve the detection over that of a single classifier. However, such techniques can be slow as they combine information from different tracking methods. In this paper we propose a novel real-time ensemble approach to tracking by detection. We create a diverse ensemble using random projections to select strong and diverse sets of compressed features. We show that our proposed ensemble tracker significantly improves the accuracy of tracking while not using any additional information than that available to the single classifier, thus requiring little extra computational overhead. Our results also show that employing our multiple classifier system with feature subsets gives significantly better results than directly combining the features.
Developing First Year Students' Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinking is a crucial skill that students need to develop while at university. It is important for a well-educated person to be able to make well-informed judgements, be able to explain their reasoning and be able to solve unknown problems. This paper proposes that critical thinking can and should be developed from the first year of university in order for students to cope with their future studies and to be of most use to future employers. The paper describes five exercises that can be used to develop critical thinking in first year students.
Extending the Discussion of Eating Disorders to Include Men and Athletes

We commend the authors of this special issue on their thorough reviews of the etiology, assessment, and treatment of eating disorders in women. As noted by Kashubeck-West and Mintz (2001 [this issue]), counseling psychologists need to be informed about eating disorders. Despite this need, little eating disorder research is available through our field’s primary journals (Kashubeck-West & Mintz, 2001), which may send the unfortunate message that eating disorders are neither important nor relevant to counseling psychologists. Thus, a special issue on this topic is long overdue and should serve as an excellent resource for counseling psychologists, regardless of their previous level of involvement with eating disorders. To add something of value, we have chosen to address two topics that were excluded from the original collection of articles. We do not disagree with the organization of the special issue and its focus on women. The realities of space limitations and available research, and the fact that women make up approximately 90% of those with eating disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), make the authors’ choices understandable. Even so, we would not want counseling psychologists to be left with the belief that only women are at risk. Thus, we have chosen to focus on two populations— men and athletes—in which eating disorders do exist and may be more of a problem than previously thought (Hausenblaus & Carron, 1999). Clearly, our own space limitations prevent us from conducting an exhaustive review of the current research on the etiology, assessment, and treatment of men and athletes. Instead, we have chosen to focus on a few relevant topics, making the case for why counseling psychologists need to keep these two groups in mind when assessing individuals for disordered eating and when conducting research on eating disorders.
H-7 effects on the structure and fluid conductance of monkey trabecular meshwork.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of H-7 (1-[5-isoquinoline sulfonyl]-2-methyl piperazine) on the structure and fluid conductance of the trabecular meshwork of live cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS Fluid outflow was measured by constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber with cationized and noncationized gold solution with or without H-7 in opposite eyes. The eyes were fixed by infusing Ito solution and enucleated. Anterior segments were cut into 4 sections, fixed in immersion solution, and embedded in epoxy resin-812. Trabecular meshwork morphologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS H-7 affected trabecular meshwork organization and increased fluid outflow. H-7 expanded the intercellular spaces in the juxtacanalicular meshwork, accompanied by removal of extracellular material. The inner wall cells of the Schlemm canal became highly extended, yet cell-cell junctions were maintained. Colloidal gold particles were detected only in limited areas along the subcanalicular region in control eyes; after H-7 treatment, gold was widely seen along the entire inner canal wall. Most inner wall cells in H-7-treated eyes, but only few cells in control eyes, contained gold-loaded vesicles. CONCLUSION H-7 inhibits cell contractility, leading to "relaxation" of the trabecular outflow pathway, expanding the draining surface, and permitting more extensive flow through the meshwork. CLINICAL RELEVANCE By inhibiting cellular contractility and relaxing the trabecular meshwork, the protein kinase inhibitor H-7 increases outflow facility and reduces intraocular pressure and thus has potential as an ocular hypotensive antiglaucoma medication. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:955-962