Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The La-Related Proteins, a Family with Connections to Cancer

The evolutionarily-conserved La-related protein (LARP) family currently comprises Genuine La, LARP1, LARP1b, LARP4, LARP4b, LARP6 and LARP7. Emerging evidence suggests each LARP has a distinct role in transcription and/or mRNA translation that is attributable to subtle sequence variations within their La modules and specific C-terminal domains. As emerging research uncovers the function of each LARP, it is evident that La, LARP1, LARP6, LARP7 and possibly LARP4a and 4b are dysregulated in cancer. Of these, LARP1 is the first to be demonstrated to drive oncogenesis. Here, we review the role of each LARP and the evidence linking it to malignancy. We discuss a future strategy of targeting members of this protein family as cancer therapy.
OKCAM: an ontology-based, human-centered knowledgebase for cell adhesion molecules

‘Cell adhesion molecules’ (CAMs) are essential elements of cell/cell communication that are important for proper development and plasticity of a variety of organs and tissues. In the brain, appropriate assembly and tuning of neuronal connections is likely to require appropriate function of many cell adhesion processes. Genetic studies have linked and/or associated CAM variants with psychiatric, neurologic, neoplastic, immunologic and developmental phenotypes. However, despite increasing recognition of their functional and pathological significance, no systematic study has enumerated CAMs or documented their global features. We now report compilation of 496 human CAM genes in six gene families based on manual curation of protein domain structures, Gene Ontology annotations, and 1487 NCBI Entrez annotations. We map these genes onto a cell adhesion molecule ontology that contains 850 terms, up to seven levels of depth and provides a hierarchical description of these molecules and their functions. We develop OKCAM, a CAM knowledgebase that provides ready access to these data and ontologic system at http://okcam.cbi. pku.edu. cn. We identify global CAM properties that include: (i) functional enrichment, (ii) over-represented regulation modes and expression patterns and (iii) relationships to human Mendelian and complex diseases, and discuss the strengths and limitations of these data.
Balmer-Dominated Shocks: A Concise Review

Abstract A concise and critical review of Balmer-dominated shocks (BDSs) is presented, summarizing the state of theory and observations, including models with/without shock precursors and their synergy with atomic physics. Observations of BDSs in supernova remnants are reviewed on an object-by-object basis. The relevance of BDSs towards understanding the acceleration of cosmic rays in shocks is emphasized. Probable and possible detections of BDSs in astrophysical objects other than supernova remnants, including pulsar wind nebulae and high-redshift galaxies, are described. The case for the continued future of studying BDSs in astrophysics is made, including their relevance towards understanding electron–ion temperature equilibration in collisionless shocks.
Older age South African persons’ experiences of their needs with cell phone use

This study explored the needs met by cell phone use by older persons. Informants were 52 older South Africans (age range 65 to 89 years, male = 8, female = 44). The older persons completed a visual representation and semi-structured interviews on the needs met by their cell phone usage. Thematic analysis of the data revealed the following needs to be met by their cell phone usage: personal safety, sense of control, managing daily routine, and staying connected with loved ones. Findings are consistent with the propositions of the basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) regarding competence, autonomy, and personal well-being.
Production of wheat bread without preservatives using sourdough starters

In order for the beneficial effects of sourdough application in breadmaking to take place a proper selection of lactic acid bacteria species and strains, an appropriate technology and effective control of the purity and activity of the selected cultures. Four symbiotic starters for sourdough for the production of bread were developed and probated in a production laboratory using the selected strains Lactobacillus brevis LBRZ7, L. buchneri LBRZ6, L. plantarum X2, L. paracasei RN5, L. sanfranciscensis R and L. fermentum LBRH10 and the probiotic strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii NBIMCC 327. The starter sourdoughs that include Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii NBIMCC 327 had greater antimicrobial activity against saprophytic microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, B. mesentericus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. , but none of them inhibited the growth of bakery yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was established that in order to prevent bacterial spoilage 10% of the selected starter sourdoughs had to be added in the breadmaking process, while for prevention of mold spoilage the necessary amount of starter sourdough had to be between 15% and 20%. The application of the developed starters for the production of wheat bread guarantees longer shelf life and no adverse alterations in the features of the final bread.
The NTT Statistical Machine Translation System for IWSLT2005

This paper reports the NTT statistical translation system participating in the evaluation campaign of IWSLT 2005. The NTT system is based on a phrase translation model and utilizes a large number of features with a log-linear model. We studied the various features recently developed in this research field and evaluate the system using supplied data as well as publicly available Chinese, Japanese, and English data. Despite domain mismatch, additional data helped improve translation accuracy.
Parent and Child Cigarette Use: A Longitudinal, Multigenerational Study

OBJECTIVES: Using longitudinal data from the multigenerational Youth Development Study (YDS), this article documents how parents’ long-term smoking trajectories are associated with adolescent children’s likelihood of smoking. Prospective data from the parents (from age 14–38 years) enable unique comparisons of the parents’ and children’s smoking behavior, as well as that of siblings. METHODS: Smoking trajectories are constructed using latent class analysis for the original YDS cohort (n = 1010). Multigenerational longitudinal data from 214 parents and 314 offspring ages 11 years and older are then analyzed by using logistic regression with cluster-corrected SEs. RESULTS: Four latent smoking trajectories emerged among the original cohort: stable nonsmokers (54%), early-onset light smokers who quit/reduce (16%), late-onset persistent smokers (14%), and early-onset persistent heavy smokers (16%). Although 8% of children of stable nonsmokers smoked in the last year, the other groups’ children had much higher percentages, ranging from 23% to 29%. Multivariate logistic regression models confirm that these significant differences were robust to the inclusion of myriad child- and parent-level measures (for which child age and grade point average [GPA] are significant predictors). Older sibling smoking, however, mediated the link between parental heavy smoking and child smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Even in an era of declining rates of teenage cigarette use in the United States, children of current and former smokers face an elevated risk of smoking. Prevention efforts to weaken intergenerational associations should consider parents’ long-term cigarette use, as well as the smoking behavior of older siblings in the household.
The Asymptotic Uniformity of the Output of Convolutional Codes Under Markov Inputs

In this letter, we prove a published conjecture on the asymptotic uniformity of the outputs of a convolutional encoder under biased inputs. These results are interesting in light of recent research on joint source-channel coding as well as source coding using turbo codes in which the constituent encoders are convolutional codes. In particular, it is well-known that in many situations a good code should result in a uniform distribution on blocks of consecutive encoded symbols. The results presented here provide insights into the choice of encoders in such scenarios.
Theorems about ergodicity and class-ergodicity of chains with applications in known consensus models

In a multi-agent system, unconditional (multiple) consensus is the property of reaching to (multiple) consensus irrespective of the instant and values at which states are initialized. For linear algorithms, occurrence of unconditional (multiple) consensus turns out to be equivalent to (class-)ergodicity of the transition chain (An). For a wide class of chains, chains with so-called balanced asymmetry property, necessary and sufficient conditions for ergodicity and class-ergodicity are derived. The results are employed to analyze the limiting behavior of agents' states in the JLM model, the Krause model, and the Cucker-Smale model. In particular, unconditional single or multiple consensus occurs in all three models. Moreover, a necessary and sufficient condition for unconditional consensus in the JLM model and a sufficient condition for consensus in the Cucker-Smale model are obtained.
Quantifying the Sub-optimality of Non-preemptive Real-Time Scheduling

A number of preemptive real-time scheduling algorithms, such as Earliest Deadline First (EDF), are known to be optimal on uni-processor systems under specified assumptions. However, no uni-processor optimal algorithm exists under the non-preemptive scheduling paradigm. Hence preemptive schemes strictly dominate non-preemptive schemes with respect to uni-processor feasibility. However, the 'goodness' of non-preemptive schemes, compared to uni-processor optimal preemptive scheduling schemes such as EDF, which can also be referred to as its sub-optimality, has not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, we apply resource augmentation, specifically processor speed-up, to quantify the sub-optimality of non-preemptive scheduling with respect to EDF, and apply the results to guarantee user specified upper-bounds on the preemption related scheduling costs. In particular, we derive an upper bound on the minimum processor speed-up required to guarantee the non-preemptive feasibility of tasks that are deemed feasible under the preemptive EDF, and we prove that, in the cases where, for all tasks in the task set, the largest execution requirement is not greater than the shortest deadline, this bound is equal to 4. We also show how the proposed approach enables a system designer to choose an optimal processor, in order to, e.g., guarantee specified upper bounds on the preemption related overheads.
SAR image filtering based on the heavy-tailed Rayleigh model

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are inherently affected by a signal dependent noise known as speckle, which is due to the radar wave coherence. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive despeckling filter and derive a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator for the radar cross section (RCS). We first employ a logarithmic transformation to change the multiplicative speckle into additive noise. We model the RCS using the recently introduced heavy-tailed Rayleigh density function, which was derived based on the assumption that the real and imaginary parts of the received complex signal are best described using the alpha-stable family of distribution. We estimate model parameters from noisy observations by means of second-kind statistics theory, which relies on the Mellin transform. Finally, we compare the proposed algorithm with several classical speckle filters applied on actual SAR images. Experimental results show that the homomorphic MAP filter based on the heavy-tailed Rayleigh prior for the RCS is among the best for speckle removal
Organization-Based Self-Esteem and Meaningful Work Mediate Effects of Empowering Leadership on Employee Behaviors and Well-Being

Based on the conservation of resources theory and intrinsic motivation principles, this study examined the effects of empowering leadership on employees’ positive and negative behaviors and well-being through two mediators, organization-based self-esteem, and meaningful work, over an 8-week period. With 347 full-time employees, results from structural equation modeling demonstrated that empowering leadership was positively associated with organization-based self-esteem and meaningful work. Organization-based self-esteem led to greater organizational citizenship behaviors and fewer deviant behaviors. Perceptions of meaningful work resulted in lower levels of emotional exhaustion and higher levels of life satisfaction. Together, these findings highlight the important roles of the two psychological states explaining why empowering leadership contributes to employees’ favorable work behaviors and psychological well-being.
Treatment outcomes in depression: reducing drop-out rates in cognitive therapy

Although cognitive therapy is a promising treatment for depression, high drop-out rates and, conversely, the specific elements that make the intervention effective continue to puzzle practising clinicians. This article discusses both therapist-related factors (including competence and competencies) and patient-related factors (such as engagement in therapy and external logistical problems with attendance) that are related to drop-out and suggests practical ways to address them and improve outcomes. It examines cognitive and behavioural elements of manualised cognitive therapy and discusses findings relating to cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in particular. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Understand factors associated with high drop-out rates in the cognitive therapy of depression and ways to reduce them • Learn about treatment integrity in cognitive therapy of depression and its relationship to the clinical outcome • Identify specific cognitive therapy techniques associated with patients' improvement in depression DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
Modeling Acquisition of a Torque Rule on the Balance-scale Task

We present a new model of development of children’s performance on the balance-scale task, one of the most common benchmarks for computational modeling of development. Knowledge-based cascade-correlation (KBCC) networks progress through all four stages seen in children, ending with a genuine torque rule that can solve problems only solvable by comparing torques. A key element in the model is injection of a neurally-implemented torque rule into the recruitment pool of KBCC networks, mimicking the explicit teaching of torque in secondary-school science classrooms.
Fathers, Adolescent Sons and the Fly-in/fly-out Lifestyle

The effects of Fly-in/fly-out (FIFO) employment on the relationships between adolescent boys and their fathers are poorly understood. Using a phenomenological methodology, this study investigated the experiences of male adolescents whose fathers have FIFO employment. In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 male adolescents to understand how the FIFO lifestyle influences their lives and relationships. Analysis identified two main themes of (1) opportunities afforded by the lifestyle and (2) family relationships. Adolescents reported lifestyle benefits associated with their father working FIFO, described how they maintained father son connections and how FIFO impacted on their family. Further research into the long term impacts of FIFO employment on adolescent development is indicated.
Layer Specification of Transplanted Interneurons in Developing Mouse Neocortex

The six-layered neocortex is composed of excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have established separate embryological origins for these two cellular populations. However, it remains uncertain how interneurons arising from the subcortical ganglionic eminences are able to participate in the orderly stratification of the cortical layers. A related question concerns whether or not early and late interneuron progenitors have equivalent developmental potentials. To address these issues, we performed transplantation experiments to test the fates of early-versus late-born interneuron populations using cells labeled with a genetic marker. Our results indicate that transplanted interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence give rise to specific layers of the neocortex in an inside-out order. To test the potency of interneurons born at different ages, heterochronic transplantations were also performed. Both early- and late-born progenitors were able to switch their fates in the new environment, and, similar to projection neurons, fate-switching was dependent on progenitor receptivity to environmental cues during their last round of cell division. Our data also demonstrate, for the first time, that interneuron-layering cues are present within the medial ganglionic eminence, suggesting that, before the commencement of long-distance tangential migration, interneurons are already specified with respect to their future layer addresses. So, although the generation of diverse neuronal phenotypes in separate locations is an effective strategy to pursue separate developmental programs, our results indicate that excitatory and inhibitory neurons share similar mechanisms for integrating sequentially born neurons from two places into a single layered structure.
The differentiated impact of Kangaroo Class programmes in Quebec primary schools: examining behavioural improvements in relation to student characteristics

ABSTRACT Inspired by Nurture Groups, Kangaroo Class (KC) programmes have been gradually expanding in francophone schools throughout the Canadian Province of Quebec. These classes are designed for primary students with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs) and aim to provide children with a nurturing and predictable environment. To date, KC research data show only moderate improvements in attendees’ behaviour. The aim of this study is to differentiate the characteristics of children with a positive behavioural trajectory from those with a negative behavioural trajectory after 2 years of attending KC by examining the sample group in light of their prior educational history, family-specific factors and types of SEBDs. Results indicate that the primary school children whose behaviour improved after 2 years attending KC had entered the programme displaying higher levels of adjustment difficulties and a greater incidence of internalising behaviours in contrast to those whose behaviour deteriorated. These preliminary results, although obtained through a very small sample size, might warily suggest that when a KC admission choice must be made between a range of potential programme candidates, selecting children with internalising behaviours over those with externalising behaviours would likely lead to more effective outcomes.
Is Collaborative, Community-Engaged Scholarship More Rigorous Than Traditional Scholarship? On Advocacy, Bias, and Social Science Research

Contrary to the charge that advocacy-oriented research cannot meet social science research standards because it is inherently biased, the authors of this article argue that collaborative, community-engaged scholarship (CCES) must meet high standards of rigor if it is to be useful to support equity-oriented, social justice agendas. In fact, they argue that CCES is often more rigorous than traditional scholarship. The authors draw from cases of CCES that they conducted to provide evidence and examples. They discuss the importance of relationship building and trust in addressing the tensions that can arise between the demands of knowledge production and action-oriented social change.
Premonitory Pain Preceding Swelling: A Distinctive Clinical Presentation of Synovial Sarcoma which may Prompt Early Detection

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to document the unusual presentation of long-standing pain at the tumour site before development of a swelling in patients with synovial sarcoma. Patients/methods and results: The clinical presentation of 53 patients with synovial sarcoma was compared with 56 randomly selected patients with other sarcomas of the trunk and extremities. The two groups were similar with regard to age (P = 0.980), sex (P = 0.784) duration of symptoms (P = 0.697), size (P = 0.931) and site of tumour (P = 0.288). Sixteen (30.2%) patients with synovial sarcoma had pain before development of a swelling compared to two (3.6%) patients with other sarcomas (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 11.68, 95% confidence interval 2.53, 53.83). The mean duration of such pain was 37 months (median 24, range 6–120 months). The nature of the pain was variable. Eight patients had sharply localised tenderness. Calcification seen in the X-rays of four patients was initially misdiagnosed as benign lesions. A swelling was ultimately detected by MRI, CT, ultrasound or at physical examination. The mean duration from first presentation with pain till diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was 20 months. In three patients, at explorative surgery there was friable, vascular or necrotic tissue in the absence of a well-defined tumour mass. Discussion: The occurrence of long-standing pain at the tumour site prior to development of a swelling is significantly more common with synovial sarcomas than with other sarcomas. Awareness of this unusual presentation and appropriate investigation may enable detection of synovial sarcoma at a prognostically favourable early stage.
Causal attributions for performance as mediators of self-efficacy beliefs : an initial investigation /

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Absence of XMRV in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of ARV-Treatment Naïve HIV-1 Infected and HIV-1/HCV Coinfected Individuals and Blood Donors

Background Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been found in the prostatic tissue of prostate cancer patients and in the blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients. However, numerous studies have found little to no trace of XMRV in different human cohorts. Based on evidence suggesting common transmission routes between XMRV and HIV-1, HIV-1 infected individuals may represent a high-risk group for XMRV infection and spread. Methodology/Principal Findings DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 179 HIV-1 infected treatment naïve patients, 86 of which were coinfected with HCV, and 54 healthy blood donors. DNA was screened for XMRV provirus with two sensitive, published PCR assays targeting XMRV gag and env and one sensitive, published nested PCR assay targeting env. Detection of XMRV was confirmed by DNA sequencing. One of the 179 HIV-1 infected patients tested positive for gag by non-nested PCR whereas the two other assays did not detect XMRV in any specimen. All healthy blood donors were negative for XMRV proviral sequences. Sera from 23 HIV-1 infected patients (15 HCV+) and 12 healthy donors were screened for the presence of XMRV-reactive antibodies by Western blot. Thirteen sera (57%) from HIV-1+ patients and 6 sera (50%) from healthy donors showed reactivity to XMRV-infected cell lysate. Conclusions/Significance The virtual absence of XMRV in PBMCs suggests that XMRV is not associated with HIV-1 infected or HIV-1/HCV coinfected patients, or blood donors. Although we noted isolated incidents of serum reactivity to XMRV, we are unable to verify the antibodies as XMRV specific.