Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The experience of being a victim of prejudice: An experimental approach.

Abstract Most research on prejudice has followed the unidirectional orientation of investigating why majority-group members become prejudiced toward minorities without considering the effects of prejudice and discrimination upon its victims, the members of minority and subordinate groups. Taking a bidirectional perspective, it is argued that comprehending prejudice will also require knowing how minority members respond to prejudice and defend themselves against it. Various methods for exploring the phenomenon of prejudice from the perspective of the minority member are surveyed. In particular, a recently devised technique for experimentally manipulating perceived prejudice and assessing its psychological consequences is presented along with the findings from several studies using members of different minority groups as subjects. After considering the impact of perceived prejudice upon stereotypic self-evaluations, self-esteem, and affect, some directions for further research into the “victimology” of prej.
Tasks and Tables: The Effects of Seating Arrangements on Task Engagement in Primary Classrooms.

Summary Large‐scale research programmes in primary schools have frequently identified a mismatch between classroom seating arrangements and the nature of pupils’ tasks. While children are typically seated in groups, their assigned tasks are generally individual. Intervention studies have consistently found that seating in rows for individual task work improves time spent on‐task. However, one weakness of these studies is that novelty could account for all or part of the improvement rather than the seating arrangements per se. In the first study reported here, an attempt was made to test the novelty hypothesis. Two primary classes, neither of which normally sat in groups or rows for individual task work, took part. In parallel ABA designs, one class moved from rows to groups to rows and the other from groups to rows to groups. In both classes, on‐task behaviour was higher in the rows arrangement, with the effect being most marked for children who were least on‐task when seated in groups. A second study, de.
The Spatial Dimension in FDI Spillovers: Evidence at the Regional Level from Portugal

There are theoretical reasons to expect that benefits to domestic firms from foreign direct investment would be confined to the area where the multinational firm is located and that the benefits depend on the development level of the host region. However, there is a scarcity of empirical studies on FDI’s indirect effects at the regional level, particularly with regard to inter-industry spillovers. This paper is an empirical contribution to this literature with data for Portugal. Both intra-industry and inter-industry FDI spillovers are considered. The concept of region adopted comprises the county in which the domestic firm is located, together with all of the directly neighbouring counties. Equations are estimated using the System GMM, with robust estimation of covariance matrices. Data confirms the relevance of both the geographical proximity and the development level of the region to this phenomenon. Furthermore, FDI spillovers are more evident at the inter-industry level. These results raise important implications for economic policy.
Portraits of Three Adolescent Students with Asperger's Syndrome: Personal Stories and How They Can Inform Practice

This article presents three portraits of adolescent students with Asperger's syndrome. These portraits include descriptive details about these students as young children, their schooling experiences, their interests, and their social life experiences. To construct these portraits, we conducted a series of focus groups with professionals who provide direct services to these students. We also conducted interviews with the students and parents. The purpose of these three portraits is to serve as a starting point for those in the field to further examine possible solutions for better meeting the needs of these students. The role of these portraits (or personal stories) in helping to inform critical areas of need and important directions for meeting the needs of adolescent students with Asperger's syndrome conclude our article.
The Politics of Contemporary Language Policy in Ethiopia

Language is political in Ethiopia because it has both structured and symbolized the nation-building project, and because, in the context of limited resources, any language policy change would require a significant realignment of resources. In modern Ethiopia, the historical distribution of the political goods of communication, recognition and autonomy has been highly skewed, benefiting native Amharic-speakers disproportionately. Since the early 1990s, the decentralization of language choice under the federal constitution has led to the use of other languages by members of select ethno-linguistic communities. This study considers the politics of language choice, drawing from the rich literature in political theory which addresses the role of language in the identity politics of multiethnic and multilingual societies. The historical trajectory of language politics in Ethiopia is presented, but the focus is on evidence gathered in parts of Ethiopia in 2001 and 2003. These findings indicate the relationship between language identities, citizenship formation and identification in the country. They are based on structured interviews and participant observation in select regions of the country.
High-Impedance Fault Detection in the Distribution Network Using the Time-Frequency-Based Algorithm

A new high-impedance fault (HIF) detection method using time-frequency analysis for feature extraction is proposed. A pattern classifier is trained whose feature set consists of current waveform energy and normalized joint time-frequency moments. The proposed method shows high efficacy in all of the detection criteria defined in this paper. The method is verified using real-world data, acquired from HIF tests on three different materials (concrete, grass, and tree branch) and under two different conditions (wet and dry). Several nonfault events, which often confuse HIF detection systems, were simulated, such as capacitor switching, transformer inrush current, nonlinear loads, and power-electronics sources. A new set of criteria for fault detection is proposed. Using these criteria, the proposed method is evaluated and its performance is compared with the existing methods. These criteria are accuracy, dependability, security, safety, sensibility, cost, objectivity, completeness, and speed. The proposed method is compared with the existing methods, and it is shown to be more reliable and efficient than its existing counterparts. The effect of choice of the pattern classifier on method efficacy is also investigated.
Intergroup Competition and Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration: An Instrumental Model of Group Conflict

High levels of worldwide migration paired with increasingly negative attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in host countries indicate that it is crucial to gain an understanding of the bases of these attitudes. This article discusses one determinant of negative attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: perceived competition for resources. We present our instrumental model of group conflict, which suggests that competition for resources, and attempts to remove this competition, are important determinants of intergroup attitudes and behavior. We then review relevant research on perceived competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for attempts to alleviate tension between immigrants and members of host populations, and for our more general model of group conflict.
Using Numbers in Qualitative Research

The use of numerical/quantitative data in qualitative research studies and reports has been controversial. Prominent qualitative researchers such as Howard Becker and Martyn Hammersley have supported the inclusion of what Becker called “quasi-statistics”: simple counts of things to make statements such as “some,” “usually,” and “most” more precise. However, others have resisted such uses, particularly when they are requested by reviewers for journals. This paper presents both the advantages of integrating quantitative information in qualitative data collection, analysis, and reporting, and the potential problems created by such uses and how these can be dealt with. It also addresses the definition of mixed methods research, arguing that the use of numbers by itself doesn't make a study “mixed methods. ”
Assessing the Democratic Debate: How the News Media Frame Elite Policy Discourse

This article examines the way in which the news media frame public policy issues and the extent to which other political players (e.g., interest groups, politicians) influence this issue framing process. Our analysis focuses on the issue of gun control, comparing the rhetoric generated by interest groups and public officials on the Brady Bill and Assault Weapons Ban with actual network news coverage of this legislation from 1988 to 1996. Results indicate that both sets of political players employed several interpretative issue frames and worked hard to put their preferred themes on the agenda. However, at times, the media intervened in the framing process, especially as the debate matured. Specifically, the news media (a) structured the overall tone of the gun control debate, (b) adopted a distribution of framing perspectives different from that of politicians and interest groups, and (c) packaged policy discourse more often than not in terms of the "culture of violence" theme. These findings point toward previously ignored media effects and attest to the potential role the media play in shaping public policy debates.
The Effects of Different Lying Positions on Interface Pressure, Skin Temperature, and Tissue Blood Flow in Nursing Home Residents

Background: Although repositioning is considered an important intervention to prevent pressure ulcers, tissue response during loading in different lying positions has not been adequately explored. Aim: To compare the effects of different lying positions on interface pressure, skin temperature, and tissue blood flow in nursing home residents. Method: From May 2011 to August 2012, interface pressure, skin temperature, and blood flow at three tissue depths were measured for 1 hr over the sacrum in 30° supine tilt and 0° supine positions and over the trochanter major in 30° lateral and 90° lateral positions in 25 residents aged 65 years or older. Measurement of interface pressure was accomplished using a pneumatic pressure transmitter connected to a digital manometer, skin temperature using a temperature sensor, and blood flow using photoplethysmography and laser Doppler flowmetry. Results: Interface pressure was significantly higher in the 0° supine and 90° lateral positions than in 30° supine tilt and 30° lateral positions. The mean skin temperature increased from baseline in all positions. Blood flow was significantly higher in the 30° supine tilt position compared to the other positions. A hyperemic response in the post pressure period was seen at almost all tissue depths and positions. Conclusion: The 30° supine tilt position generated less interface pressure and allowed greater tissue perfusion, suggesting that this position is the most beneficial.
Mapping the Pathways for O2 Entry Into and Exit from Myoglobin*

The effects of mutagenesis on geminate and bimolecular O2 rebinding to 90 mutants at 27 different positions were used to map pathways for ligand movement into and out of sperm whale myoglobin. By analogy to a baseball glove, the protein “catches” and then “holds” incoming ligand molecules long enough to allow bond formation with the iron atom. Opening of the glove occurs by outward movements of the distal histidine (His64), and the ligands are trapped in the interior “webbing” of the distal pocket, in the space surrounded by Ile28, Leu29, Leu32, Val68, and Ile107. The size of this pocket is a major determinant of the rate of ligand entry into the protein. Immediately after photo- or thermal dissociation, O2 moves away from the iron into this interior pocket. The majority of the dissociated ligands return to the active site and either rebind to the iron atom or escape through the His64 gate. A fraction of the ligands migrate further away from the heme group into cavities that have been defined as Xe binding sites 4 and 1; however, most of these ligands also return to the distal pocket, and net escape through the interior of wild-type myoglobin is <20–25%.
TLR9 Blockade Inhibits Activation of Diabetogenic CD8+ T Cells and Delays Autoimmune Diabetes

Diabetogenic CD8+ T cells are primed in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) by dendritic cells (DCs) carrying islet cell Ags. TLR signaling modifies DC function. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of TLR9 signaling on diabetogenic CD8+ T cell activation and the course of type 1 diabetes. We explored the effects of CpG oligonucleotide, TLR9 antagonists, and genetic TLR9 deficiency on the activation of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. NOD bone marrow-derived DCs pulsed with freeze-thawed insulinoma cells in the presence of TLR9 agonist CpG and CD40 agonist induced diabetogenic CD8+ T cell activation. The addition of TLR9 antagonist oligodeoxynucleotide or chloroquine inhibited bone marrow-derived DCs activation and CD8+ T cell priming in response to CpG. CpG alone or with CD40 agonist induced CTL activity that triggered diabetes development in 8.3-TCR transgenic NOD mice. Oligodeoxynucleotide treatment of 8.3-TCR transgenic NOD mice delayed spontaneous diabetes development. Chloroquine treatment delayed the spontaneous onset of diabetes in NOD mice, coincident with the decreased activation of PLN DCs. TLR9−/− NOD mice had delayed onset of diabetes compared with TLR9−/+ NOD littermates. TLR9−/− NOD mice had lower levels of IFN-α in PLNs and decreased frequencies of plasmacytoid DCs and diabetogenic CD8+ T cells compared with NOD mice. We propose that TLR9 activation contributes to the spontaneous onset of diabetes in NOD mice by increasing IFN-α and promoting diabetogenic CD8 T cell activation.
No Kids in the Middle: Dialogical and Creative Work with Parents and Children in the Context of High Conflict Divorces

This article contains a description of the context, development and delivery of No kids in the middle, a group approach for divorced fighting parents and their children. After addressing the social and legal context of high conflict divorces, we describe the main characteristics of this destructive dynamic. We describe some aspects of the approach and give examples. Key principles for the project include: keeping the child in mind; working in groups; stopping legal processes; making free space for interactions; creative presentation ceremonies; and reaching out to the network. The outcomes are promising. Research on the project has started.
American Identity Revisited: The Relation Between National, Ethnic, and Personal Identity in a Multiethnic Sample of Emerging Adults

The present mixed-methods study investigated meanings and affective valences ascribed to “American identity” and the ways in which these meanings and valences relate to ethnic and personal identity. The data were collected from 2004 to 2006 and used a multiethnic sample of 287 college students residing in Miami, Florida. Subjective meanings of American identity were assessed using four qualitative questions that were coded thematically: characteristics that define the typical American, characteristics that describe ways in which one is American, qualities that make one something other than American, and the degree to which one feels American. Results suggested many similarities, along with some differences, across ethnic groups. In terms of how American one feels, ethnic minorities felt less American than Whites and believed that, regardless of their citizenship, they are not perceived as American. Responses suggested that participants believed that to be American, one must sacrifice a connection to family and community. Continuing to examine the relationship between national, ethnic, and personal identity will help us better understand how emerging adults make sense of their social world and manage difficult choices about their identities.
Informal Face-to-Face Interaction Improves Mood State Reflected in Prefrontal Cortex Activity

Recent progress with wearable sensors has enabled researchers to capture face-to-face interactions quantitatively and given great insight into human dynamics. One attractive field for applying such sensors is the workplace, where the relationship between the face-to-face behaviors of employees and the productivity of the organization has been investigated. One interesting result of previous studies showed that informal face-to-face interaction among employees, captured by wearable sensors that the employees wore, significantly affects their performance. However, the mechanism behind this relationship has not yet been adequately explained, though experiences at the job scene might qualitatively support the finding. We hypothesized that informal face-to-face interaction improves mood state, which in turn affects the task performance. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the change of mood state before and after break time for two groups of participants, one that spent their breaks alone and one that spent them with other participants, by administering questionnaires and taking brain activity measurements. Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested a significant relationship between mood state and brain activity. Here, we show that face-to-face interaction during breaks significantly improved mood state, which was measured by Profiles of Mood States (POMS). We also observed that the verbal working memory (WM) task performance of participants who did not have face-to-face interaction during breaks decreased significantly. In this paper, we discuss how the change of mood state was evidenced in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity accompanied by WM tasks measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
The ensemble folding kinetics of protein G from an all-atom Monte Carlo simulation

Protein G is folded with an all-atom Monte Carlo simulation by using a Gō potential. When folding is monitored by using burial of the lone tryptophan in protein G as the reaction coordinate, the ensemble kinetics is single exponential. Other experimental observations, such as the burst phase and mutational data, are also reproduced. However, more detailed analysis reveals that folding occurs over three distinct, three-state pathways. We show that, because of this tryptophan's asymmetric location in the tertiary fold, its burial (i) does not detect certain intermediates and (ii) may not correspond to the folding event. This finding demonstrates that ensemble averaging can disguise the presence of multiple pathways and intermediates when a non-ideal reaction coordinate is used. Finally, all observed folding pathways eventually converge to a common rate-limiting step, which is the formation of a specific nucleus involving hydrophobic core residues. These residues are conserved in the ubiquitin superfamily and in a phage display experiment, suggesting that fold topology is a strong determinant of the transition state.
Soil Microbial Biomass Under Native Cerrado and Its Changes After the Pasture and Annual Crops Introduction

The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) soils were incorporated into the agricultural production process in the 1970’s. Soils were initially occupied by pastures, and later used for cropping (Ferreira et al., 1997). An area of over 12 million hectares is cultivated with annual crops under different systems of soil management (Bayer et al., 2004). The introduction of pastures and/or annual crops utilizing different management systems promoted changes in the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM). The SOM improves the soil structure and regulates its biological activity, as well as being directly linked with the ability to accumulate water and maintain the soil fertility. The introduction of agricultural systems in the Cerrado soils, with intensive land use, has brought direct consequences for the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, with losses in its quality. Continued land use for the cultivation of grains, fibers and cultivated pastures can generate a rapid process of degradation, loss of organic matter, biological processes and imbalance in the flow of nutrients. The conversion of Cerrado into pastures and croplands made by the slash-and-burn process which causes major impacts on soil fertility. In order to improve the soil conservation, maintain and increase crop productivity, a number of practices were introduced, such as the elimination of crop residues caused by burning, the adoption of conservation tillage, and the management of crop residues (Mielniczuk et al., 1983). As a consequence, SOM increased not only due to the reduction of losses caused by biological decomposition and erosion but also due to the increase of plant residues on soil surface (Bayer et al., 2000). It is widely known that SOM improves soil structure (Feller & Beare, 1997) and regulates soil biological activity (Bayer & Mielniczuck, 1999), in addition to its role in water holding capacity and soil fertility maintenance (Dick, 1983). The dynamics of SOM is different in clayey and sandy soils and it is highly influenced by different management practices and climate conditions in each region. The stocks of SOM decrease when the soil is exposed to intensive tillage systems due to increasing losses caused by water erosion and microbial oxidation (Silva et al., 1994). However, little information is available about the effects of agricultural management practices on the dynamics of SOM in the Cerrado
Organizations on the Couch: Clinical Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Change

Introduction: exploding the myth that organizations and executives are rational. Part 1 New perspectives on organizations: using psychoanalytic frameworks for organizational analysis diagnosing organizations systematically exploring the dynamics of leadership. Part 2 The leadership conundrum: leading and managing - understanding the difference on becoming a CEO - transference and the addictiveness of power intention and strategic action - the impact of the unconscious processes of top executives. Part 3 Change processes in work groups: managing boundaries in organizations stresses of group membership - balancing the needs for independence and belonging dealing with the anxiety of working - social defences as coping strategy. Part 4 The question of organizational character: leadership styles and organizational cultures - the shaping of neurotic organizations how bureaucracy discourages responsibility organizational decay and loss of reality - life at NASA. Part 5 Organizational consultation and change: understanding the dynamics between consulting teams and client systems the psychodynamics of upheaval - intervening in merger and acquisition transitions changing organizations and individuals - psychoanalytic insights for improving organizational health epilogue - struggling with the demon - confronting the irrationality of organizations and executives.
Visual modality versus authenticity: the example of autobiographical comics

This article exposes some of the weaknesses of the social semiotic concept of ‘visual modality’ in analysing the perceived truthfulness of images, by contrasting it with the more productive notion of ‘authenticity’. Using three autobiographical comics as examples, I argue that Kress and van Leeuwen's notion of modality is unable to capture adequately the complex relations that can pertain between images and reality, as it places too much emphasis on picture-immanent stylistic markers and neglects the performed element of truthfulness. In the case of autobiographical comics, ‘producer-oriented’ forms of authenticity seem to play a more important role than stylistic features in determining whether or not visual representations are likely to be seen as truthful.