Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SiO outflow signatures toward massive young stellar objects with linearly distributed methanol masers

Context. Methanol masers are often found in linear distributions, and it has been hypothesized that these masers trace circumstellar accretion disks around young massive stars. However, recent observations in H2 emission have shown what appear to be outflows at similar angles to the maser distribution angles, not perpendicular as expected in the maser-disk scenario. Aims. The main motivation behind the observations presented here is to use presence and morphology of an independent outflow tracer, namely SiO, to determine if there are indeed outflows present in these regions and if they are consistent or inconsistent with the maser-disk hypothesis. Methods. For ten sources with H2 emission, we obtained JCMT single-dish SiO (6–5) observations to search for this outflow indicator. We followed up those observations with ATCA interferometric mapping of the SiO emission in the (2–1) line in six sources. Results. The JCMT observations yielded a detection in the SiO (6–5) line in nine of the ten sources. All of the sources with bright SiO lines display broad line wings indicative of outflow. A subset of the sources observed with the JCMT have methanol maser velocities significantly offset from their parent cloud velocities, supporting the idea that the masers in these sources are likely not to be associated with circumstellar disks. The ATCA maps of the SiO emission show five of the six sources do indeed have SiO outflows (the only non-detection being the same source that was a non-detection in the JCMT observations). The spatial orientations of the outflows are not consistent with the methanol masers delineating disk orientations. Overall, the observations presented here seem to provide further evidence against the hypothesis that linearly distributed methanol masers generally trace the orientations of circumstellar disks around massive young stars.
A research typology for object-oriented analysis and design

his article evaluates current research on object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). Critical components in OOAD are identified and various OOAD techniques (i.e., processes or methods) and representations are compared based on these components. Strong and weak areas in OOAD are identified and areas for future research are discussed in this article. The authors assume the reader has a basic understanding of object-oriented concepts and the object paradigm in general. (Excellent discussions and definitions of the object paradigm are contained in the first section [5] and in [29].) We use "class" to mean a collection of things with common attributes and/ or behavior; "instance" to mean a realization of a class (one of the things in a class), and "object" to mean either a class or an instance (as in Smalltalk). There is a great deal of current literature on object-oriented (OO) systems development. But there is, as yet, little consensus or standardization among these new development techniques. At one extreme are "pure" thoroughbred OO development techniques, encompassing OO analysis, design and/or implementation [11]. They involve new notations and approaches that are different from more traditional function-or data-oriented model-ing techniques. At the other extreme are approaches that are termed "object-oriented," but which seem to be little more than new words applied to old concepts. In between are various analysis and design techniques, many overlapping in scope and/or conflicting in approach. Notations that blend object orientation with process, data and other modeling techniques may be poorly integrated and balanced with each other. As Iivari [13] notes, "Despite their common roots, the different OO approaches are not particularly well integrated . " In short, there are volumes of information on OOAD, but there is a lack of mechanisms or frameworks for synthesizing or evaluating the work that has been done. This article addresses that void. Mrdalj [20] recognizes a "need for collection, classification and evaluation of the available material" and his bibliography is a collection of 83 references which, taken together , represent much of the research on object-oriented systems development. He does not, however , provide a classification or evaluation of the research identified. Ladden [16] discusses several factors to consider in developing an object-based methodology and specifies an object-based design process. These factors are not meant to be a complete listing of the essential ingredients in OO systems development; they are simply desirable characteristics of an object methodology. Ladden does not investigate …
MRI Measurements of Iron Load in Transfusion‐Dependent Patients: Implementation, Challenges, and Pitfalls

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a key role in studies of iron overload in transfusion‐dependent patients, providing insights into the relations among liver and cardiac iron loading, iron chelator dose, and morbidity. Currently, there is rapid uptake of these methods into routine clinical practice as part of the management strategy for iron overload in regularly transfused patients. Given the manifold methods of data acquisition and analysis, there are several potential pitfalls that may result in inappropriate decision making. Herein, we review the challenges of establishing suitable MRI techniques for tissue iron measurement in regularly transfused patients.
MobiCon: mobile video recording with integrated annotations and DRM

The proliferation of camera phones alongside the deployment of high data rate wireless networks will rapidly increase the amount of digital video content. Efficient content management tools will be essential for the evolution of mobile multimedia services. We introduce MobiCon, a mobile phone application, which combines meta-content descriptions and Digital Rights Management (DRM) seamlessly. With MobiCon, users can capture digital videos, annotate them using an ontology tree and free text entries, upload them to a remote video server, choose which clips to share and with whom, and take advantage of standards-based DRM to control the entire life-cycle of each video. Once stored on a video server, clips are indexed facilitating later retrieval. We report on field trial results with real users, which show that MobiCon is rather easy to learn and use, even for inexperienced users, and present insights from user comments on DRM, video annotation, and uploading.
Principal Perceptions Regarding the Impact of School- University Partnerships in Primary Science Contexts

This research effort investigates principal perceptions regarding the impact of science-focused school university partnership programs in primary school contexts. Utilizing a multiple case study design, this research effort analyzed the nature and structure of the partnership efforts across five established science-focused partnership programs in the Australian states of Victoria and Tasmania. Analysis of interview data from principals across twelve separate school partner sites indicated that principals depicted that partnership arrangements increased their staffs valuing of science and was a mechanism for teachers to reflect on their practices. Consequently, principals often viewed partnerships as an additional level of professional development. Most importantly, principals articulated that the partnership programs were an important aspect of the school-based culture and they harbored strong desires to continue the partnerships well into the future. Implications for partnership development and key elements of trust, mutuality and reciprocity are discussed.
Analysis of Topics and Relevant Documents for Navigational Retrieval on the Web

An investigation into relationships among search methods, topic types, and styles of relevant Web pages was conducted using the "NTCIR-4 Web test collection for navigational retrieval", which was built for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of Web search systems aiming to find representative Web pages of a given object. First, "known item search", the task of the test collection, is defined and its outline is given. It consists of 100 Gigabytes of Web document data NW100G-01, 300 topics of various types, and corresponding relevance judgments. Next, summaries of the systems and their evaluations used in this investigation are shown. Some systems used anchor text information or link information, and others used only the content information in various ways. Finally, characteristics of topics and their relevant documents and some interesting observations are discussed in relation to search methods and their effectiveness
The burden of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in children and adolescents in six New Zealand centres: ISAAC Phase One.

AIM To describe the burden of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in children in six New Zealand centres. METHODS The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One was undertaken in Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Hawke's Bay, Wellington, Nelson and Christchurch during 1992-1993. In each centre, approximately 3,000 six to seven year old children and 3,000 thirteen to fourteen year old adolescents were studied, a total of 37,592 participants. Both age groups answered written questionnaires and the adolescents a video questionnaire about asthma symptoms. RESULTS The prevalences of symptoms were high, for asthma 25% and 30%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 10% and 19%, and atopic eczema 15% and 13% in each age group respectively. More than 40% of participants had symptoms in the last year of at least one condition, most commonly asthma. There were no significant differences among regions, except for six to seven year olds in Nelson who had significantly lower prevalences of some symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS Asthma and allergies are common in New Zealand, with resultant morbidity and cost. However, there is little regional variation with the exception of lower rates in Nelson children. Explanations for these findings will be the subject of further studies.
Students' School Belonging: Juxtaposing the Perspectives of Teachers and Students in the Late Elementary School Years (Grades 4-8)

Student belonging to school has been consistently correlated with many significant outcomes, yet there is little research that depicts how this sense is developed. This study explores the factors through which late elementary/ middle school students (Grades 4–8) develop a sense of belonging to their school. Individual interviews with teachers and students indicated that students foster a sense of belonging through reciprocal caring relationships with teachers, through peer friendships, and through participation in extracurricular and school-based activities. These themes are discussed, and the responses from teachers and students are juxtaposed to highlight points of convergence and divergence, revealing opportunities for teacher professional development to support teachers’ understandings of student school belonging.
Empirical Comparison of Visual to Hybrid Formula Manipulation in Educational Programming Languages for Teenagers

Visual programming environments hold great potential for end-user programming, as they, e.g., aim at diminishing the syntactical burden and enabling a focus on the semantic aspects of coding. Hence, graphical approaches have gained attention in the context of K-12 computer science education. Scratch, as being the prime example, is a visual educational language, where even formulas are composed utilizing Lego-style blocks. However, graphical creation and manipulation of complex and nested formulas can become overly cumbersome. Thus, we propose a hybrid approach employing visual creation and textual representation of formulas. In order to evaluate the method, a usability study has been conducted, comparing Scratch to our mobile programming environment, Pocket Code. The findings, while preliminary, indicate an increased efficiency and effectiveness of the hybrid approach employed in Pocket Code in contrast to a purely visual one in Scratch for teenager users.
Protein kinase C and myocardial biology and function.

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and its various isoforms has been postulated to have multiple cardiovascular functions, including vascular permeability, cell migration and growth, extracellular matrix production, and expression of various cytokines.1 2 The ability of PKC to regulate many cardiovascular functions is not surprising, because PKC, a family of serine-threonine kinases, is an intracellular signal for many cardiovasotropic growth factors, such as angiotensin, endothelin, and vascular endothelial growth and permeability factor.3 4 5 In addition, PKC activation can indirectly modulate other signal pathways, such as the Raf-MEK1–MAP kinase and PI3 kinase–Akt cascades.6 7 The physiological importance of PKC can also be surmised by the existence of multiple isoforms, of which 12 members have been documented to date. These are usually arranged according to their structure and substrate requirements into the following groups: conventional PKCs (cPKCs) (α, β1/2, and γ), which are Ca2+ dependent and activated by binding to diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylserine (PS); novel PKCs (nPKCs) (δ, e, η, and θ), which are Ca2+ independent but are activated by DAG and PS; and atypical PKCs (aPKCs) (ζ and ι/λ), which are Ca2+ and DAG independent but are PS sensitive. The distribution of the various PKC isoforms is tissue and species dependent. In the heart, PKC isoforms α, β1/2, δ, e, and ζ have been identified in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes.8 In adult rat cardiomyocytes and myocardium, PKC isoforms δ and e seem to be maintained with age, whereas other PKC isoforms may decline.9 10 In human myocardium, PKC isoforms α, β1/2, δ, and e have also …
Cognitive computing simulator-COMPASS

Cognitive computing is an emerging method which helps to analyse the human brain behaviour and simulate it mathematically. Cognitive computing systems learn and interact naturally with people to extend what either humans or machine could do on their own. Cognitive science consists of multiple research disciplines, including psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Cognitive computing helps autonomous systems to work as human Brain. COMPASS is a simulator which simulates the working of cognitive computing. It is fully based on the architecture TrueNorth developed by IBM. COMPASS enables to simulate brain like functions in a hardware platform[1].
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tribendimidine Metabolites in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Adults

ABSTRACT There is a pressing need for alternative treatments against the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Oral tribendimidine is a promising candidate, but its population pharmacokinetic properties are unknown. Two phase IIa trials were conducted in Laos in O. viverrini-infected adults receiving single oral doses of 25 to 600 mg tribendimidine administered as different formulations in each study (study 1 used 200-mg tablets, and study 2 used 50-mg tablets). Venous whole blood, plasma, and capillary dried blood spots were sampled frequently from 68 adults, and concentrations of the tribendimidine metabolites dADT (deacetylated amidantel) and adADT (acetylated dADT) were measured. Population pharmacokinetics were assessed by using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The relationship between drug exposure and cure (assessed at 21 days posttreatment) was evaluated by using univariable logistic regression. A six-transit compartment absorption model with a one-disposition compartment for each metabolite described the data well. Compared to the 50-mg formulation (study 2), the 200-mg formulation (study 1) had a 40.1% higher mean transit absorption time, a 113% higher dADT volume of distribution, and a 364% higher adADT volume of distribution. Each 10-year increase in age was associated with a 12.7% lower dADT clearance and a 21.2% lower adADT clearance. The highest cure rates (≥55%) were observed with doses of ≥100 mg. Higher dADT, but not adADT, peak concentrations and exposures were associated with cure (P = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively). For the first time, population pharmacokinetics of tribendimidine have been described. Known differences in the 200-mg versus 50-mg formulations were captured by covariate modeling. Further studies are needed to validate the structural model and confirm covariate relationships. (This study has been registered with the ISRCTN Registry under no. ISRCTN96948551.)
Mutational Analysis of the Structure and Localization of the Nucleolus in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The nucleolus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a crescent-shaped structure that makes extensive contact with the nuclear envelope. In different chromosomal rDNA deletion mutants that we have analyzed, the nucleolus is not organized into a crescent structure, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. A strain carrying a plasmid with a single rDNA repeat transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) contained a fragmented nucleolus distributed throughout the nucleus, primarily localized at the nuclear periphery. A strain carrying a plasmid with the 35S rRNA coding region fused to the GAL7 promoter and transcribed by Pol II contained a rounded nucleolus that often lacked extensive contact with the nuclear envelope. Ultrastructurally distinct domains were observed within the round nucleolus. A similar rounded nucleolar morphology was also observed in strains carrying the Pol I plasmid in combination with mutations that affect Pol I function. In a Pol I–defective mutant strain that carried copies of the GAL7-35S rDNA fusion gene integrated into the chromosomal rDNA locus, the nucleolus exhibited a round morphology, but was more closely associated with the nuclear envelope in the form of a bulge. Thus, both the organization of the rDNA genes and the type of polymerase involved in rDNA expression strongly influence the organization and localization of the nucleolus.
The iron fist in the velvet glove? Testing the militarization/community policing paradox

A number of police militarization scholars have explored the paradox of the simultaneous emergence of community policing and militarism in the United States. Several researchers have suggested that police militarization and community policing may be cohesive strategies of state control, with community policing being the “velvet glove” that wraps the “iron fist” of militarization in palatable rhetoric. Alternatively, it has been suggested that these two policing strategies are incoherent, having emerged as a result of the state’s disorganized attempts to maintain control in the face of significant societal changes. To date, little research has examined the link between community policing and police militarization specifically. This study uses community policing data from the 2013 LEMAS survey to examine variation in military equipment acquisition data from the Department of Defense’s 1033 Program between the years 2012 and 2014. Results show that departments engaging in certain community policing activities are significantly less likely to acquire general military equipment, firearms, and military vehicles. These findings suggest that these policing strategies are not necessarily coherent and potentially support the argument that community policing efforts can buffer militarization. However, these results also highlight the need for more empirical research on existing theories of militarization, as well as the causes and effects of police militarism and community policing activities.
Diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormalities on diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images are reported in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). To our knowledge, no large study has been conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of DWI and FLAIR imaging for diagnosing CJD. METHODS Two neuroradiologists, blinded to diagnosis, retrospectively evaluated DWI and FLAIR images from 40 patients with probable or definite CJD and 53 control subjects with other forms of dementia and rated the likelihood of CJD on the basis of the imaging findings. RESULTS DWI and FLAIR imaging was 91% sensitive, 95% specific, and 94% accurate for CJD. Interrater reliability was high (kappa = 0.93). Sensitivity was higher for DWI than FLAIR imaging. Abnormalities involved cortex and deep gray matter (striatum and/or thalamus) in 68% of patients with CJD, cortex alone in 24%, and deep gray matter alone in 5%. The most typical and specific patterns were corresponding hyperintensity on both FLAIR images and DWIs confined to the gray matter in the cortex, striatum, medial and/or posterior thalamus, or a combination of these areas. Narrow-window soft-copy review of artifact-free DWIs and FLAIR images and recognition of the normal variation in cortical signal intensity proved critical for successful differentiation of CJD from other dementias. CONCLUSION Because specific patterns of abnormality on DWI and FLAIR images are highly sensitive and specific for CJD, these sequences should be performed whenever CJD is suspected.
Bioenergetics and body size in dasyurid marsupials

MACMILLEN, RICHARD E. , AND TOHN E:. NELSON. Bioenergetics and body size in dusyurid marsupials. Am. j. Physiol. 2 17(4) : 1246-l 251. 1969. -Basal. metabolic rate, weight-specific conductance, and body temperature were determined in 12 species of the Australian marsupial family Dasyuridae. Animals varied in size from a 7.2-g Antechinus muculatus to a 5,U 50-g Surcophilus harrisii, and came from a variety of habitats and latitudes. The relationship between BMR (in ml 02/g per hr) and body size in dasyurids is inversely linear on a log-log plot and is described by the least-squares equation M = 2.45 W-0*261; a line fitted to this equation is parallel to, but significantly reduced by 32.1 y0 below that for placental mammals. Weight-specific conductance (in ml 02/g per hr per “C) in dasyurids also varies inversely and linearly on a log-log plot with body size; this relationship is described by the leastsquares equation C = 0.914 W--O&~, which is not significantly different from that for placentals. Body temperatures of dasyurids in thermal neutrality averaged 37.2 C in animals more than 100 g, but appeared to be somewhat lower in smaller forms. The few comparative data for other marsupials, together with ours, suggest a lowered BMR may be characteristic of marsupials in general.