Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Disability Isn't 'Just Right': The Entrenchment of the Medical Model of Disability and the Goldilocks Dilemma

In this Article, I analyze how federal courts' interpretations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) have presented a Goldilocks dilemma for disabled individuals. In particular, I examine how a typical ADA plaintiff is found either not disabled enough to warrant the protections of the ADA or too disabled to be a qualified individual for the respective job. The result is that very few plaintiffs are disabled just right. Such a result is at odds with the original intent of the ADA. Concern over the ADA could hardly be more timely. In July of 2007, bipartisan legislation based on the National Council on Disability's recommendations was introduced in the House of Representatives. It was entitled the ADA Restoration Act of 2007, (H.R. 3195) and would represent a significant change to the present statute. After briefly explicating the two dominant theoretical models for understanding disability - the medical and social models of disability - I examine how most of the problems with how disability is understood and interpreted stem from the entrenchment of the medical model of disability. I explain how representations in the media and federal court decisions have underscored a medicalized view of disability. Moreover, I document how such a view has fostered misperceptions and false stereotypes concerning those with disabilities. Finally, I advocate that Congress pass an ADA Restoration Act similar to the one that was recently proposed. I explain how this Act would overhaul the ADA and provide a compelling solution that has not yet received much scholarly examination. I also recommend that the EEOC draft reports to document systemic disability discrimination toward certain groups.
Design and stability analysis of fuzzy model based nonlinear controller for nonlinear systems using genetic algorithm

This paper presents the stability analysis of fuzzy model based nonlinear control systems, and the design of nonlinear gains and feedback gains of the nonlinear controller using genetic algorithm with arithmetic crossover and nonuniform mutation. A stability condition is derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory with a smaller number of Lyapunov conditions. The solution of the stability conditions are also determined using GA. An application example of stabilizing a cart-pole type inverted pendulum system is given to show the stabilizability of the nonlinear controller.
RanGTPase: a candidate for Myc-mediated cancer progression.

BACKGROUND Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) is required for cancer cell survival in vitro and human cancer progression, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the effect of the v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (Myc) on Ran expression by Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays and the effects of Myc and Ran expression in cancer cells by soft-agar, cell adhesion, and invasion assays. The correlation between Myc and Ran and the association with patient survival were investigated in 14 independent patient cohorts (n = 2430) and analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation and Kaplan-Meier plots coupled with Wilcoxon-Gehan tests, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Myc binds to the upstream sequence of Ran and transactivates Ran promoter activity. Overexpression of Myc upregulates Ran expression, whereas knockdown of Myc downregulates Ran expression. Myc or Ran overexpression in breast cancer cells is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Knockdown of Ran reverses the effect induced by Myc overexpression in breast cancer cells. In clinical data, a positive association between Myc and Ran expression was revealed in 288 breast cancer and 102 lung cancer specimens. Moreover, Ran expression levels differentiate better or poorer survival in Myc overexpressing breast (χ2 = 24.1; relative risk [RR] = 9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3 to 24.7, P < .001) and lung (χ2 = 6.04; RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 6.3; P = .01) cancer cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Ran is required for and is a potential therapeutic target of Myc-driven cancer progression in both breast and lung cancers.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI MATA PELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI

Pembangunan fisik perlu diimbangi dengan pembangunan moral. Salah satu cara pembangunan moral terhadap generasi muda adalah melalui pendidikan karakter yang dilaksanakan di lembaga Sekolah Menengah Atas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan model penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter melalui mata pelajaran Sosiologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 5 Semarang. Hasil penelittian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter di SMA Negeri 5 Semarang dilaksanakan dengan cara diintegrasikan ke semua mata pelajaran yang ada. Penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter melalui mata pelajaran Sosiologi dapat ditinjau dari beberapa aspek, di antaranya: materi Sosiologi yang telah dianalisis nilai-nilai karakternya, RPP dan Silabus Sosiologi yang berkarakter, metode penanaman oleh guru, media pembelajaran berbasis karakter dan evaluasi penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter. Pengembangan dan penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter di SMA Negeri 5 Semarang juga dilakukan melalui penyediaan fasilitas seperti tempat ibadah, laboratorium bahasa dan budaya serta Pusat Sumber Belajar yang baik serta ditunjang dengan berbagai program sekolah mulai dari ekstra kurikuler, pengembangan budaya sekolah, wawasan wiyata mandala dan tentunya ditunjang dengan visi dan misi sekolah yang ada. Physical development needs to be balanced with moral development. One way of moral development in young people is through character education held in institutions of senior high school. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience ​​of SMAN 5 Semarang in habituating character education through Sociology. The research results show that character education in SMA Negeri 5 Semarang is implemented integratedly into the existing subjects. The investment of character education values through sociology courses can be viewed from several aspects, such as character values, character-based lesson plan and syllabus, character building by teachers, character-based learning media and evaluation of the investment of character education values. Development and cultivation of character education values in SMA Negeri 5 Semarang is also done through the provision of facilities such as places of worship, cultural and language labs and good Learning Resource Center, accompanied by a variety of programs ranging from extra-curricular activity, school culture development, wiyata mandala insight and of course supported by the vision and mission of the school.
Strong and Hard Women: An ethnography of female bodybuilding

Females with large muscles evoke strong reactions from men and women, often involving disgust, discomfort, anger and threat. The controversial nature of female bodybuilding has caused a significant rupture on feminist ground. Whilst proponents claim that female bodybuilding is a way of empowering and liberating women, others see it as a form of corporeal entrapment. This book investigates the controversy. Do women who pump iron resist physical restrictions of imposed femininity, or are they engaged in an ultimately oppressive quest for 'perfect bodies'? In an original two year ethnographic study based in the South of England, Tanya Bunsell immersed herself into the world of female bodybuilders. By mapping these extraordinary women's lives, the research illuminates the pivotal spaces and essential lived experiences that make up the female bodybuilder. Whilst the women appear to be embarking on an 'empowering' radical body project for themselves, the consequences of their activity remains culturally ambivalent. This research exposes the 'Janus-faced' nature of female bodybuilding, exploring the ways in which the women negotiate, accommodate and resist pressures to engage in more orthodox and feminine activities and appearances. This book will be of interest to academics and students in the fields of gender studies, the sociology of sport, the body and research methodology.
Escuchar música sedante en el nivel de ansiedad entre extravertidos y ambivertidos: Una comparación.

In the present investigation was hypothesized that: Hypothesis 1 the extrovert persons were reduced significantly the state anxiety with listening sedative music. Hypothesis 2 middle persons were reduced significantly the state anxiety with listening sedative music. Hypothesis 3 middle persons were reduced more than extrovert with listening sedative music . It used 104 Ss; 52 Ss extrovert and 52 Ss middle persons of the psychology’s Faculty in BUAP; it was divided at random and paired with respect to extrovert – middle person in four sub groups. It measured state anxiety was used STAI. The result indicated that was accepted hypothesis 1, p<. 01; hypothesis 2, p< . 001 and hypothesis 3, p< . 01. In the present investigation was inferred that the sedative music is an excellent tool into the medicine alternative to treat situation that it generates high level of state anxiety and stress. The finds more great in the present investigation is that confirm both the theory’s Eysenk (introversion – extroversion) and theory’s Spielberger (state – trait anxiety).
EFECTOS DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE UNA DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL

An experiment was designed to analyze the functional role of feedback, instructions and observation of a learning model using a second-order matching-to-sample task. Thirty nine students were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups which differed among them in the type of training used: direct exposure to the task, observation of a learning model (confederate) or use of precise instructions about the matching criteria. Some participants were offered an economic incentive for participation. It was found that precise instructions promoted a faster acquisition than the other types of training. The use of economic incentives had a differential effect depending on the type of training. It promoted a high performance on the modeling condition but it did not have any effect on the other two types of training. These results suggest that incentives can operate like a motivational or dispositional factor since they affect the establishment of abstract stimulus control.
Central Processes Amplify and Transform Anisotropies of the Visual System in a Test of Visual–Haptic Coordination

The CNS may use multimodal reference frames to combine proprioceptive, visual, and gravitational information. Indeed, spatial information could be encoded simultaneously with respect to egocentric and allocentric references such as the body axis and gravity, respectively. It has further been proposed that gravity might serve to align reference frames between different sensory modalities. We performed a series of experiments in which human subjects matched the orientation of a visual stimulus to a visual reference (visual–visual), a haptic stimulus to a haptic reference (haptic–haptic), or a visual stimulus to a haptic reference (visual–haptic). These tests were performed in a normal upright posture, with the body tilted with respect to gravity, and in the weightless environment of Earth orbit. We found systematic patterns of errors in the matching of stimulus orientations. For an upright posture on Earth, a classic oblique effect appeared in the visual–visual comparison, which was then amplified in the haptic–visual task. Leftward or rightward whole-body tilt on Earth abolished both of these effects, yet each persisted in the absence of gravity. Leftward and rightward tilt also produced asymmetric biases in the visual–haptic but not in the visual–visual or haptic–haptic responses. These results illustrate how spatial anisotropy can be molded by sensorimotor transformations in the CNS. Furthermore, the results indicate that gravity plays a significant, but nonessential role in defining the reference frames for these tasks. These results provide insight into how the nervous system processes spatial information between different sensory modalities.
SHIELD: Scalable Homomorphic Implementation of Encrypted Data-Classifiers

Homomorphic encryption (HE) systems enable computations on encrypted data, without decrypting and without knowledge of the secret key. In this work, we describe an optimized Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) based implementation of a variant of the HE system recently proposed by Gentry, Sahai and Waters (GSW). Although this system was widely believed to be less efficient than its contemporaries, we demonstrate quite the opposite behavior for a large class of applications. We first highlight and carefully exploit the algebraic features of the system to achieve significant speedup over the state-of-the-art HE implementation, namely the IBM homomorphic encryption library (HElib). We introduce several optimizations on top of our HE implementation, and use the resulting scheme to construct a homomorphic Bayesian spam filter, secure multiple keyword search, and a homomorphic evaluator for binary decision trees. Our results show a factor of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="khedr-ieq1-2500576.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> improvement in performance (under the same security settings and CPU platforms) compared to IBM HElib for these applications. Our system is built to be easily portable to GPUs (unlike IBM HElib) which results in an additional speedup of up to a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$103.5\times$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="khedr-ieq2-2500576.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> to offer an overall speedup of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $1{,}035\times$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="khedr-ieq3-2500576.gif"/></alternatives> </inline-formula>.
Depressive state- and disease-related alterations in neural responses to affective and executive challenges in geriatric depression.

OBJECTIVE Geriatric depression has been associated with a heterogeneous neuropathology. Identifying both depressive state-related and disease-related alterations in brain regions associated with emotion and cognitive function could provide useful diagnostic information in geriatric depression. METHOD Twelve late-onset acutely depressed patients, 15 patients fully remitted from major depression, and 20 healthy comparison subjects underwent event-related functional MRI. Brain activation and deactivation associated with executive and emotional processing were investigated using an emotional oddball task in which circles were presented infrequently as attentional targets and sad and neutral pictures as novel distractors. RESULTS Significant changes in brain activation in patients were found mainly in response to attentional targets rather than to sad distractors. Relative to healthy comparison subjects, the depressed patients had attenuated activation in the regions of the executive system, including the right middle frontal gyrus, the cingulate, and inferior parietal areas. Activity in the middle frontal gyrus revealed depressive state-dependent modulation, whereas attenuated activation in the anterior portion of the posterior cingulate and inferior parietal regions persisted in the remitted subjects, suggesting a disease-related alteration. Enhanced deactivation was observed in the posterior portion of the posterior cingulate, which was also state dependent. The remitted group did not show this deactivation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate distinct roles for the right middle frontal gyrus and the anterior and posterior portions of the posterior cingulate cortex in geriatric depression. The deactivation of the posterior portion of the posterior cingulate could be informative for differentiation of cognitive dysfunction related to depression from other conditions, such as mild cognitive impairment.
Effects of Intergroup Conflict and Social Contact on Prejudice: The Mediating Role of Stereotypes and Evaluations

This study explored the mediating role of stereotypes and evaluations in the relationships between intergroup conflict, social contact, and behavioral intentions to engage in intergroup contact. The hypotheses, derived from realistic group conflict theory and intergroup contact theory, were tested on samples of Arab and Jewish high school students in the context of an ethno-racial intergroup conflict. As hypothesized, the less participants perceived a conflict between the groups, and the greater their past contact with out-group members, the more they were willing to engage in intergroup contact. Moreover, stereotypes and evaluations mediated these effects in the Jewish sample. The implications of these findings for the study of the mechanisms underlying prejudice are discussed. jasp_762 1340.1356
Mothers' amygdala response to positive or negative infant affect is modulated by personal relevance

Understanding, prioritizing and responding to infant affective cues is a key component of motherhood, with long-term implications for infant socio-emotional development. This important task includes identifying unique characteristics of one's own infant, as they relate to differences in affect valence—happy or sad—while monitoring one's own level of arousal. The amygdala has traditionally been understood to respond to affective valence; in the present study, we examined the potential effect of personal relevance on amygdala response, by testing whether mothers' amygdala response to happy and sad infant face cues would be modulated by infant identity. We used functional MRI to measure amygdala activation in 39 first-time mothers, while they viewed happy, neutral and sad infant faces of both their own and a matched unknown infant. Emotional arousal to each face was rated using the Self-Assessment Manikin Scales. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine significant predictors of amygdala response. Overall, both arousal ratings and amygdala activation were greater when mothers viewed their own infant's face compared with unknown infant faces. Sad faces were rated as more arousing than happy faces, regardless of infant identity. However, within the amygdala, a highly significant interaction effect was noted between infant identity and valence. For own-infant faces, amygdala activation was greater for happy than sad faces, whereas the opposite trend was seen for unknown-infant faces. Our findings suggest that the amygdala response to positive or negative valenced cues is modulated by personal relevance. Positive facial expressions from one's own infant may play a particularly important role in eliciting maternal responses and strengthening the mother-infant bond.
Beşinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Üstbilişsel Okuduğunu Anlama Farkındalığı ve Okuma Motivasyonları İle Okuma Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Bu arastirmada, besinci sinif ogrencilerinin ustbilissel okudugunu anlama farkindaligi ile okuma motivasyonlari incelenmis ve okuma duzeyleri ile iliskisi tespit edilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu toplam 600 besinci sinif ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, besinci sinif ogrencilerinin cinsiyetleri ile ustbilissel okudugunu anlama farkindaligi ve okuma motivasyonu puanlari arasinda anlamli farklilik bulunmaktadir. Okuma duzeylerine gore ustbilissel okudugunu anlama farkindaligi ile okuma motivasyonunda genel olarak bagimsiz okuyucu duzeyinin en yuksek ortalamaya sahip oldugu tespit edilmistir. Okuma duzeyleri ile ustbilissel okudugunu anlama farkindaligi arasinda orta, okuma motivasyonu alt boyutlari arasinda dusuk duzeyde iliski oldugu gorulmektedir
Annual or biennial CT screening versus observation in heavy smokers: 5-year results of the MILD trial

The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening in heavy smokers is currently under evaluation worldwide. Our screening program started with a pilot study on 1035 volunteers in Milan in 2000 and was followed up in 2005 by a randomized trial comparing annual or biennial LDCT with observation, named Multicentric Italian Lung Detection. This included 4099 participants, 1723 randomized to the control group, 1186 to biennial LDCT screening, and 1190 to annual LDCT screening. Follow-up was stopped in November 2011, with 9901 person-years for the pilot study and 17 621 person-years for Multicentric Italian Lung Detection. Forty-nine lung cancers were detected by LDCT (20 in biennial and 29 in the annual arm), of which 17 were identified at baseline examination; 63% were of stage I and 84% were surgically resectable. Stage distribution and resection rates were similar in the two LDCT arms. The cumulative 5-year lung cancer incidence rate was 311/100 000 in the control group, 457 in the biennial, and 620 in the annual LDCT group (P=0.036); lung cancer mortality rates were 109, 109, and 216/100 000 (P=0.21), and total mortality rates were 310, 363, and 558/100 000, respectively (P=0.13). Total mortality in the pilot study was similar to that observed in the annual LDCT arm at 5 years. There was no evidence of a protective effect of annual or biennial LDCT screening. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of the four published randomized trials showed similar overall mortality in the LDCT arms compared with the control arm.
A comparison of video modeling and social stories to decrease inappropriate behaviors

iii List of Figures vi List of Tables vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Research Problem 3 1.2 Key Terms 4 1.3 Implications 4 1.4 Summary 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 6 2.1 Social Skills 6 2.2 Generic Interventions 7 2.3 Social Stories 13 2.4 Video Modeling 20 2.5 Social Stories and Video Modeling 28 Chapter 3: Methodology 32 3.1 Subjects 32 3.2 Development of Interventions and Materials 34 3.3 Procedure 36 Chapter 4: Results 38 4.1 Summary 38 4.2 Results 38
Inter- and Intra-Rater Reliability of a Newly Developed Assessment Scale: The Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale (DIDTAS)

ABSTRACT Aim: To study the inter- and intra-rater reliability of a newly developed assessment scale, the Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale (DIDTAS). Methods: Two physiotherapists completed the observational form of the DIDTAS while watching 20 video-films of sit-to-stand-transfers or bedside transfers (i.e., caregiver-assisted transfers), videotaped in a dementia special care unit. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used for calculating ICC values of each item. Results: The results supported the overall reliability of the DIDTAS items with variations in inter- and intra-rater reliability, with ICC values from 0.35 to 0.92. Conclusion: On the basis of the transfer-related actions of dementia care dyads, the DIDTAS was shown to be sufficiently reliable. This in turn can provide healthcare professionals seeing and treating individuals suffering from dementia with a new method for assessing actions related to person transfer situations in dementia care facilities.