Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Economic Order Methodologist : Part 2 : Metaphors and Methods

Methodological Breakthrough: Organized Complexity Metaphors As Jane Jacobs readily acknowledged, her outlook was profoundly influenced by students of the natural world who had long ago rejected the Enlightenment’s view that nature “seeks standardization, uniformity, universality, immutability” and observed instead that it is “a force forever hostile to uniformity, a force that insists upon diversity. Thus today we think of standardization, and immutability. as being literally unnatural” (Jacobs 1980, p. 113). Indeed, Jacobs added, evolutionary biologists “tend to equate goodness with the correlation between unconstrained smallness and innovation and the sheer exuberant diversity of life” (idem). To her, the parallels with urbanized economic life Abstract: Jane Jacobs, both the person and her work, appear to be trending upward on the academic interest scale, particularly in the year marking the centenary of Jacobs’ birth. Although most researchers are still drawn to her writings on urban spaces and their human interactions, a few have begun to discuss her economic insights, and others yet have published comprehensive biographies. Interest in the inductive methodology Jacobs used to generate her ideas, and in the organized complexity paradigm that shaped her work and worldview, however, has been sparse because of their apparent lack of scientific rigour. This paper, the second of two connected works in which we explore both the development and the full fruition of Jacobs as spontaneous economic order theorist and methodologist, discusses her use of metaphor and inductive methods as tools firmly in, and of, the current philosophical understanding of acceptable research methods in the social sciences. In addition to positioning Jacobs’ methods within the realm of the philosophy of science, we also examine her research strategies and discuss the critical reception of the theoretical and methodological aspects of her work.
Synthesis Characterization and Biological Activities of Coordination Compounds of 4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one and Its Aminoethanoic Acid and Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid Mixed Ligand Complexes

Coordination compounds of 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one and their mixed ligand complexes with aminoethanoic acid and pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid were synthesized by the reaction of Cu(II) and Zn(II) salts in molar ratio 1 : 2 for the coumarin complexes and 1 : 1 : 1 for the mixed ligand complexes, in basic media. The compounds formed were characterized using infrared, Uv-vis spectrophotometric analyses, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and EDX analyses. It was concluded that 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one coordinated as a monobasic ligand for all the complexes; it also coordinated via the carbonyl moiety in the case of the Cu(II) mixed ligand complexes. Similarly it was proposed that the amino acids also coordinated in a bidentate fashion via their amino nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen atoms. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The complexes exhibited marginal antimicrobial activity but good cytotoxic activity.
Hydrogen permeability and chemical stability of Ni – BaZr 0 . 1 Ce 0 . 7 Y 0 . 1 Yb 0 . 1 O 3 ! δ membrane in concentrated H 2 O and CO 2

Ni–BaZr0.1Ce0. 7Y0.1Yb0. 1O3! δ (Ni–BZCYYb) membrane shows improved and stable performance in dry H2 and CO2 (Fang et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 (2014) 725–730). However, the stream from steam methane reforming contains high contents of H2O, CO2, and CO, which poses crueler challenges to the chemical stability of Ni–BZCYYb membrane than dry H2 and CO2. In this work, we tested the Ni–BZCYYb membrane in wet H2 and CO2 which generated high content of H2O and CO due to reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction at high temperature. High content of H2O improves the proton conductivity of BZCYYb and hydrogen transport through the membrane. On the other hand, H2 content reduction and decomposition of BZCYYb promoted by high content of H2O lead to performance degradation. The steady-state hydrogen flux may increase or decrease depending on the balance among these effects. Besides, CO-induced Ni corrosion was found in both surface and bulk due to metal dusting. In general, Ni–BZCYYb membrane still displayed much better performance stability in wet H2 and CO2 than Ni–BaCe0.8Y0. 2O3! δ and Ni–BaZr0.1Ce0. 7Y0.2O3! δ composites, making it a candidate material system for further studies aimed at membrane processing of hydrocarbons. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Electrical and radiation characteristics of semilarge photoconductive terahertz emitters

We present experimental characterization of semilarge photoconductive emitters, including their electrical/photoconductive parameters and terahertz spectra. A range of emitters were studied and fabricated on both LT-GaAs and SI-GaAs, having a variety of electrode geometries. The spatial cone of terahertz radiation was defined. The dependencies of the photocurrent and the terahertz power on the bias voltage and the laser power were determined. A Fourier-transform interferometer is used to determine the terahertz spectra and to clarify the effects of the substrate and electrode geometry.
K2SN-MSS: An Efficient Post-Quantum Signature (Full Version)

With the rapid development of quantum technologies, quantumsafe cryptography has found significant attention. Hash-based signature schemes have been in particular of interest because of (i) the importance of digital signature as the main source of trust on the Internet, (ii) the fact that the security of these signatures relies on existence of one-way functions, which is the minimal assumption for signature schemes, and (iii) they can be efficiently implemented. Basic hash-based signatures are for a single message, but have been extended for signing multiple messages. In this paper we design a Multi-message Signature Scheme (MSS) based on an existing One-Time Signature (OTS) that we refer to as KSN-OTS. KSN uses SWIFFT, an additive homomorphic lattice-based hash function family with provable one-wayness property, as the oneway-function and achieves a short signature. We prove security of our proposed signature scheme in a new strengthened security model (multi-target multi-function) of MSS, determine the system parameters for 512 bit classical (256 bit quantum) security, and compare parameter sizes of our scheme against XMSS, a widely studied hash based MSS that has been a candidate for NIST standardization of post-quantum signature scheme. We give an efficient implementation of our scheme using Intel SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) instruction set. For this, we first implement SWIFFT computation using a SIMD parallelization of Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) of elements of the ring Zp [X ]/(X n̂ + 1), that can support different levels of parallelization. We compare efficiency of this implementation with a comparable (security level) implementation of XMSS and show its superior performance on a number of efficiency parameters.
THE EFFECT OF DOUBLE INOCULATION ON THE BROAD BEANS ( VICIA FAbA L . ) YIELD QUALITY

Legumes (Leguminosae) are one of the most widely grown crops in the world after cereals (Poaceae). They are not only an important source of protein in food and feed, but also a significant component of different agrosystems. The N2 fixation by legumes is of great importance in nutrient management and sustainable economy of nitrogen. Legume productivity largely depends on a successful formation of symbiosis between the plant and soil microorganisms. The most important among those are rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi. The field experiment was carried out at the Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Agriculture in 2014 to evaluate the influence of double inoculation using rhizobium leguminosarum and mycorrhiza fungi preparation on yield formation of broad bean V. faba L. var. major Harz ‘Bartek’. The bean seeds were treated with rhizobia and/or mycorrhiza fungi before sowing. Seeds were treated with rhizobia by soaking in bacteria suspension for 30 minutes directly before sowing. Mycorrhiza fungi preparation was added in soil under seeds before sowing. Plant height, fresh and dry weight and the weight of nodules were measured at the beginning of broad bean flowering (BBCH 60-61). rhizobium leguminosarum response to double inoculation differed between the strains. rhizobium leguminosarum strain RL407, isolated from Vicia faba, was shown to be the most appropriate strain used for inoculation of broad bean seeds. Bean seed double inoculation increases the protein content significantly comparing to single inoculation using mycorrhiza fungi preparation.
30% external quantum efficiency from surface textured, thin‐film light‐emitting diodes

There is a significant gap between the internal efficiency of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and their external efficiency. The reason for this shortfall is the narrow escape cone for light in high refractive index semiconductors. We have found that by separating thin‐film LEDs from their substrates (by epitaxial lift‐off, for example), it is much easier for light to escape from the LED structure and thereby avoid absorption. Moreover, by nanotexturing the thin‐film surface using ‘‘natural lithography,’’ the light ray dynamics becomes chaotic, and the optical phase‐space distribution becomes ‘‘ergodic,’’ allowing even more of the light to find the escape cone. We have demonstrated 30% external efficiency in GaAs LEDs employing these principles.
“Paolo Baffi” Centre on Central Banking and Financial Regulation

This paper extends the literature on bank capital structure by modeling capital structure as a function of important public policy and bank regulatory characteristics of the home country, as well as of bank specific variables, country macro-economic conditions and country level financial characteristics. The model is estimated with annual data for an unbalanced panel of the 78 largest private banks in the world headquartered in 12 industrial countries over the period between 1992 and 2005. The results indicate that bank capital ratios are significantly affected in the hypothesized directions by most of the bank-specific variables. Several of the country characteristic and policy variables are also significant with the predicted sign: banks maintain higher capital ratios in home countries in which the bank sector is relatively smaller and in countries that practice prompt corrective actions more actively, have more stringent capital requirements, and have more effective corporate governance structures. We thank James R. Barth, Robert Bliss, Diana Hancock, Mark Flannery, Charles Goodhart, Edward Kane, Geoffrey Miller, Mitchell Petersen, Triphon Phumiwasana, participants at the Finlawmetrics 2008 Conference at Bocconi University and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper. The research assistance of Syed Hussain is greatly appreciated. The views expressed here are those of the authors
Escherichia coli O 157 : H 7 : Prevalence , Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance in Cattle Slaughter at Addis Ababa Municipal Abattior , Ethiopia

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is recognized as an important cause of diarrhoea hemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. Meat, meat products, dairy products, vegetables and drinking water contaminated with animal faeces are probably the major sources of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from October to April 2006 E.C. at Addis Ababa Abattoir with aim of to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial drug resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The samples used for this study research were 186 faecal samples were collected from cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa Municipal Abattoir for prevalence investigation. For isolation and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain isolates 186 faecal samples, 25 carcass swab samples and 3 waste water samples were used for culturing on different medias. Culturing on of these samples on different microbial Medias was conducted used for isolation and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7. From a total 186 faecal samples 6.4% (n=12/186) were positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7, 12% (n=3/25) of carcass samples were positive and 33.3% (n=1/3) water samples were positive. A total of 16 Escherichia coli O157:H7 positive isolates (12 from faecal, 3 from carcass swaps and 1 from waste water were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 18 antimicrobial drugs. The isolated strains were 100% susceptible to amikacin and gentamicin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to two or more drugs was detected in 75% (n=12/16) of the strains. In conclusion the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 strain and the presence of antimicrobial resistant strains indicate as there may be a risk for the consumers’ health. Thus, rational use veterinary drugs in livestock production. So based on the data reported by this study it is advisable to carry out large scale research works on the area of meat hygiene and pharmaco-epidemiological surveillance in food animals.
Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting During Domain Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation

Continued training is an effective method for domain adaptation in neural machine translation. However, in-domain gains from adaptation come at the expense of general-domain performance. In this work, we interpret the drop in general-domain performance as catastrophic forgetting of general-domain knowledge. To mitigate it, we adapt Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC)—a machine learning method for learning a new task without forgetting previous tasks. Our method retains the majority of general-domain performance lost in continued training without degrading in-domain performance, outperforming the previous state-of-the-art. We also explore the full range of general-domain performance available when some in-domain degradation is acceptable.
Recent Trends in Breeding of Tropical Grass and Forage Species

Germplasm enrichment in major tropical grasses and their characterization for emerging environmental challenges have been major focussed area in the recent past. Breeding efforts in tropical grasses are still limited to few selected species viz. Panicum spp, Cenchrus spp, Pennisetum spp and Bracharia spp and all other grasses use of land races for varietal development through selection have been major source of improvement. The pace of breeding efforts in the tropical grasses have been slowed because of many inherent characteristics viz. apomixis, poor seed set, high photo and thermo sensitivity often creating problem in designing and implementing an effective breeding programme. Identification of sexual lines using the modern tools of biotechnology have given new ways for the improvement in these group of crops. This paper provides overview of the recent development that has taken place in the germplasm collection, utilization and significant achievement made through genomic and biotechnological research.
Foliar application of micronutrients (Cu, Zn and Mn) and its effect on yield and selected macronutriens content in winter triticale grain

The aim of the study was to determine the yield and its components and selected minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) in winter triticale grain as affected by foliar fertilisation with micronutrients, either used individually or in combination. A field experiment was carried out at the Educational and Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo (5372 N; 2042 E), Poland. Regardless of the year, supplementation of NPK fertilisation with Cu resulted in an increase in the N and Na content in triticale grain. Application of Zn and Mn and the micronutrients in combination (Cu + Zn + Mn) resulted in an increase in phosphorus content. The year of the study affected the length of an ear at the plot fertilised with NPK fertiliser as well as the mass of 1.000 grains and Ca content in grain the NPK + Cu option. The weather conditions differentiated the grain yield and the content of N and Na in all the fertilisation options. Micronutrients applied individually and in combination affected the content of potassium in triticale grain. Foliar application of Cu + Zn + Mn stabilised the P content in grain in variable weather conditions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) showed a positive correlation between the content of N, Na and P in grain and the grain yield and mass of 1.000 grains. The content of K and N in grain was negatively correlated with the grain yield and the mass of 1.000 grains. A positive correlation was observed between the straw yield and the ear length and the potassium and sodium content in triticale grain. Address: Katarzyna Wojtkowiak, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. J. Hewelusza 10, 10-724 Olsztyn, phone: +48 (89) 524 56 14, e-mail: katarzyna.wojtkowiak@uwm.edu. pl WPŁYW DOLISTNEGO OPRYSKIWANIA MIKROELEMENTAMI (Cu, Zn i Mn) NA PLONOWANIE I WYBRANE MAKROELEMENTY W ZIARNIE PSZENŻYTA OZIMEGO Katarzyna Wojtkowiak, Arkadiusz Stępień, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak 1 Katedra Podstaw Bezpieczeństwa 2 Katedra Agroekosystemów 3 Katedra Entomologii, Fitopatologii i Diagnostyki Molekularnej Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie 4 Katedra Chemii Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: nawożenie, komponenty plonu, wartość odżywcza.
Relating Risk-Taking and Proactiveness to Innovation Output : A Comparison between Family and Non-Family Firms

Research on EO and its dimension with regard to various aspects and outcomes is a well-investigated construct within entrepreneurship literature. Although, family firms represent a significant share of the economic output we still lack a clear understanding of the innovation characteristics of these firms. Especially there have been only a few studies that examine the impact of risk taking and proactiveness on innovation in the context of family firms. Therefore this study uses a unique Finnish dataset of 532 firms to analyze the effects of the EO dimensions risk-taking and proactiveness on innovation output. We study whether the relationship differs between family and non-family owned firms. Our results give support to previous literature by showing that family firms and non-family firms differ according to the effects of the EO dimensions (for instance Naldi et al., 2007). Thus the here realized investigation shows that family firms consider proactiveness as decisive for innovation output while non-family firms determine risk-taking as
DURABILITY STUDIES ON SUSTAINABLE GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Concrete is over utilized material by the construction industry and hence its production might become difficult since raw materials required in the manufacture of cement, river sand are not available in abundance. Since there is shortage of good quality River sand, it is overpriced even for the low quality river sand. Because of this reasons, M-sand find its way to substitute River sand as its properties are almost similar to river sand. Along with M-sand, the other material which can be used as fine aggregate is Pond ash. Concrete is usually delivered by utilizing the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as the binder. There are many ecological issues connected with the manufacture of OPC i.e. calcination of limestone and ignition of fossil fuel releases 1 ton carbon dioxide for every 1 ton of OPC manufactured affecting the ecological balance. The use of GPC contributes to the environment in two way: first carbon dioxide released during the cement production gets reduction, Second ill effects and dumping of fly ash, pond ash in the region of thermal power plant can be eliminated.
EphrinA4 plays a critical role in α4 and αL mediated survival of human CLL cells during extravasation

A role of endothelial cells in the survival of CLL cells during extravasation is presently unknown. Herein we show that CLL cells but not normal B cells can receive apoptotic signals through physical contact with TNF-α activated endothelium impairing survival in transendothelial migration (TEM) assays. In addition, the CLL cells of patients having lymphadenopathy (LApos) show a survival advantage during TEM that can be linked to increased expression of α4 and αL integrin chains. Within this context, ephrinA4 expressed on the surface of CLL cells sequestrates integrins and inactivates them resulting in reduced adhesion and inhibition of apoptotic/survival signals through them. In agreement, ephrinA4 silencing resulted in increased survival of CLL cells of LApos patients but not LA neg patients. Similarly was observed when a soluble ephrinA4 isoform was added to TEM assays strongly suggesting that accumulation of this isoform in the serum of LApos patients could contribute to CLL cells dissemination and survival in vivo. In supporting, CLL lymphadenopathies showed a preferential accumulation of apoptotic CLL cells around high endothelial venules lacking ephrinA4. Moreover, soluble ephrinA4 isolated from sera of patients increased the number and viability of CLL cells recovered from the lymph nodes of adoptively transferred mice. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that soluble ephrinA4 mediated survival during TEM could enhance a transcellular TEM route of the CLL cells. Together these findings point to an important role of ephrinA4 in the nodal dissemination of CLL cells governing extravasation and survival.
Neuroprotection by selective neuronal deletion of Atg7 in neonatal brain injury

ABSTRACT Perinatal asphyxia induces neuronal cell death and brain injury, and is often associated with irreversible neurological deficits in children. There is an urgent need to elucidate the neuronal death mechanisms occurring after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We here investigated the selective neuronal deletion of the Atg7 (autophagy related 7) gene on neuronal cell death and brain injury in a mouse model of severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neuronal deletion of Atg7 prevented HI-induced autophagy, resulted in 42% decrease of tissue loss compared to wild-type mice after the insult, and reduced cell death in multiple brain regions, including apoptosis, as shown by decreased caspase-dependent and -independent cell death. Moreover, we investigated the lentiform nucleus of human newborns who died after severe perinatal asphyxia and found increased neuronal autophagy after severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy compared to control uninjured brains, as indicated by the numbers of MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)-, LAMP1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1)-, and CTSD (cathepsin D)-positive cells. These findings reveal that selective neuronal deletion of Atg7 is strongly protective against neuronal death and overall brain injury occurring after HI and suggest that inhibition of HI-enhanced autophagy should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human newborns developing severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Broad-spectrum studies of log file analysis

This paper reports on research into applying the technique of log file analysis for checking test results to a broad range of testing and other tasks. The studies undertaken included applying log file analysis to both unit- and system-level testing and to requirements of both safety-critical and non-critical systems, and the use of log file analysis in combination with other testing methods. The paper also reports on the technique of using log file analyzers to simulate the software under test, both in order to validate the analyzers and to clarify requirements. It also discusses practical issues to do with the completeness of the approach, and includes comparisons to other recently-published approaches to log file analysis.