Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moral Distress, Moral Residue, and the Crescendo Effect

First defined by Jameton in 1984 as a phenomenon that occurs when nurses cannot carry out what they believe to be ethically appropriate actions because of institutional constraints, moral distress has recently gained attention as an important problem experienced by multiple healthcare disciplines.1 Although it is not a new topic, recent attention to moral distress (specifically, an article in the New York Times by surgeon Pauline W. Chen, “When doctors and nurses can’t do the right thing,”2 and a fourfold increase in articles on the topic in MEDLINE in the past two years) has highlighted its presence and effect on healthcare providers and on the delivery of healthcare. While the majority of published research has been in nursing journals, current work has expanded to other disciplines, including medicine, psychology, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy.3 It is increasingly clear that moral distress is not solely a nursing issue, but one that potentially influences all healthcare professionals. Jameton described moral distress as having two parts: initial distress and reactive distress.4 Initial distress occurs in the moment, as a situation unfolds (from this point forward, we will use the phrase moral distress to refer to this acute phase). After the situation that elicited moral distress ends, reactive distress (now referred to as moral residue) remains. Hence, moral distress and moral residue are closely related but separate concepts. Thus far, distinctions between the two have largely not been addressed empirically or conceptually; however, the two phenomena have differing characteristics and their interrelationship poses important implications for members of healthcare teams. The aim of this article is to propose a preliminary model that we call the crescendo effect, which describes the interrelationship between moral distress and moral residue. Our intent is to spark debate, encourage further study, and provide additional insight for ethics consultants as they analyze clinical situations. While the crescendo effect model arose from an empirical study of experienced nurses and physicians in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),5 mounting evidence from other disciplines and settings indicates that the phenomenon is shared across many specialties. We will provide examples from these sources and settings in this article.
Whose Job Is It Anyway? A Study of Human-Robot Interaction in a Collaborative Task

The use of autonomous, mobile professional service robots in diverse workplaces is expected to grow substantially over the next decade. These robots often will work side by side with people, collaborating with employees on tasks. Some roboticists have argued that, in these cases, people will collaborate more naturally and easily with humanoid robots as compared with machine-like robots. It is also speculated that people will rely on and share responsibility more readily with robots that are in a position of authority. This study sought to clarify the effects of robot appearance and relative status on human-robot collaboration by investigating the extent to which people relied on and ceded responsibility to a robot coworker. In this study, a 3 � 3 experiment was conducted with human likeness (human, human-like robot, and machine-like robot) and status (subordinate, peer, and supervisor) as dimensions. As far as we know, this study is one of the first experiments examining how people respond to robotic coworkers. As such, this study attempts to design a robust and transferable sorting and assembly task that capitalizes on the types of tasks robots are expected to do and is embedded in a realistic scenario in which the participant and confederate are interdependent. The results show that participants retained more responsibility for the successful completion of the task when working with a machine-like as compared with a humanoid robot, especially when the machine-like robot was subordinate. These findings suggest that humanoid robots may be appropriate for settings in which people have to delegate responsibility to these robots or when the task is too demanding for people to do, and when complacency is not a major concern. Machine-like robots, however, may be more appropriate when robots are expected to be unreliable, are less well-equipped for the task than people are, or in other situations in which personal responsibility should be emphasized.
Improving the ambipolar behavior of Schottky barrier carbon nanotube field effect transistors

Due to the capability of ballistic transport, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been studied in recent years as a potential alternative to CMOS devices. CNTFETs can be fabricated with ohmic or Schottky type contacts. We focus here on Schottky barrier CNTFETs which operate by modulating the transmission coefficient of Schottky barriers at the contact between the metal and the carbon nanotube (CNT). The ambipolar behavior of Schottky barrier CNTFETs limits the performance of these devices. We show that a double gate design can suppress the ambipolar behavior considerably. In this structure, for an n-type device, the first gate which is near the source controls electron injection and the second gate which is near the drain suppresses hole injection. The voltage of the second gate can be set to a constant voltage or to the drain voltage. We investigated the effect of the second gate voltage on the performance of the device and finally discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these designs.
Adventure therapy for adolescents with cancer

The objective of this study was to describe adolescents' with cancer experience in an adventure therapy program from a health related quality of life (HRQL) perspective. A qualitative descriptive research method was used. Eleven adolescents and five health professionals participated in a guided group adventure therapy expedition in a remote area of Canada. The expedition was videotaped and data were collected using an unstructured interview format with both adolescents and health professionals. Emerging themes were identified using a qualitative descriptive exploratory analysis. Four major themes and related sub‐themes were generated. The major themes were: developing connections, togetherness, rebuilding self‐esteem, and creating memories. Adventure therapy was viewed by the adolescents and health care professionals as a positive experience with multiple benefits. This preliminary research will contribute to an understanding of adolescents' experiences with cancer and provide a basis for future studies evaluating the impact of adventure therapy on HRQL. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobile Phone-Based Unobtrusive Ecological Momentary Assessment of Day-to-Day Mood: An Explorative Study

Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a useful method to tap the dynamics of psychological and behavioral phenomena in real-world contexts. However, the response burden of (self-report) EMA limits its clinical utility. Objective The aim was to explore mobile phone-based unobtrusive EMA, in which mobile phone usage logs are considered as proxy measures of clinically relevant user states and contexts. Methods This was an uncontrolled explorative pilot study. Our study consisted of 6 weeks of EMA/unobtrusive EMA data collection in a Dutch student population (N=33), followed by a regression modeling analysis. Participants self-monitored their mood on their mobile phone (EMA) with a one-dimensional mood measure (1 to 10) and a two-dimensional circumplex measure (arousal/valence, –2 to 2). Meanwhile, with participants’ consent, a mobile phone app unobtrusively collected (meta) data from six smartphone sensor logs (unobtrusive EMA: calls/short message service (SMS) text messages, screen time, application usage, accelerometer, and phone camera events). Through forward stepwise regression (FSR), we built personalized regression models from the unobtrusive EMA variables to predict day-to-day variation in EMA mood ratings. The predictive performance of these models (ie, cross-validated mean squared error and percentage of correct predictions) was compared to naive benchmark regression models (the mean model and a lag-2 history model). Results A total of 27 participants (81%) provided a mean 35.5 days (SD 3.8) of valid EMA/unobtrusive EMA data. The FSR models accurately predicted 55% to 76% of EMA mood scores. However, the predictive performance of these models was significantly inferior to that of naive benchmark models. Conclusions Mobile phone-based unobtrusive EMA is a technically feasible and potentially powerful EMA variant. The method is young and positive findings may not replicate. At present, we do not recommend the application of FSR-based mood prediction in real-world clinical settings. Further psychometric studies and more advanced data mining techniques are needed to unlock unobtrusive EMA’s true potential.
Probable Congenital Transmission of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Caused by Vaccination with Contaminated Vaccines

Contaminated vaccine is one unexpected and potential origin of virus infection. In order to investigate the most likely cause of disease in a broiler breeder company of Shandong Province, all 17 batches of live-virus vaccines used in the affected flocks and 478 tissue samples were tested by dot-blot hybridization, nested PCR, and IFA. The results suggested the outbreak of disease was most probably due to the vaccination of REV-contaminated MD-CVI988/Rispens vaccines and ND-LaSota+IB-H120 vaccines. Furthermore, the REV was probably transmitted to the commercial chickens through congenital transmission.
Novel extensions to the Fisher copula to model flood spatial dependence over North America

Taking into account the spatial dependence of floods is essential for an accurate assessment of fluvial flood risk. We propose novel extensions to the Fisher copula to statistically model the spatial structure of observed historical flood record data across North America. These include a machine-learning based XGBoost model, exploiting the information contained in 130 catchment specific covariates to predict discharge Kendall’s τ coefficients between pairs of gauged–ungauged catchments. A novel conditional simulation strategy is utilized to simulate coherent flooding at all catchments efficiently. After subdividing 5 North America into 14 hydrological regions and 1.8 million catchments, applying our methodology allows to obtain synthetic flood event sets with spatial dependence, magnitudes and frequency resembling those of the historical events. The different components of the model are validated using several measures of dependence and extremal dependence to compare the observed and simulated events. The obtained event set is further analyzed and supports the conclusions from a reference paper in flood spatial modeling. We find a non-trivial relationship between the spatial extent of a flood event and its peak magnitude. 10
Gresham's Law or Gresham's Fallacy?

Gresham's law often takes two forms: the rule that bad money drives out good money and a qualified version of that rule that requires a fixed exchange rate between the two monies. Yet history contradicts both of these forms. In fact, the exchange rate has never been fixed, and we doubt it ever could be. We propose a new version of the law that is more feasible and more consistent with the evidence. It requires a fixed transaction cost of using currencies at nonparprices for the rule to apply. Then denomination determines the fate of good money.
Field-induced magnetic instability within a superconducting condensate

Researchers found evidence for a quantum phase transition within a superconducting condensate. The application of magnetic fields, chemical substitution, or hydrostatic pressure to strongly correlated electron materials can stabilize electronic phases with different organizational principles. We present evidence for a field-induced quantum phase transition, in superconducting Nd0.05Ce0. 95CoIn5, that separates two antiferromagnetic phases with identical magnetic symmetry. At zero field, we find a spin-density wave that is suppressed at the critical field μ0H* = 8 T. For H > H*, a spin-density phase emerges and shares many properties with the Q phase in CeCoIn5. These results suggest that the magnetic instability is not magnetically driven, and we propose that it is driven by a modification of superconducting condensate at H*.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We consider a semiclassical pseudodiﬀerential operator on a compact surface, such that the Hamiltonian ﬂow generated by its principal symbol admits a hyperbolic periodic orbit at some energy. For an arbitrary small ε > 0, we construct semiclassical families of quasimodes of this operator, with energy widths of order ε ~ / | log ~ | , and which feature a strong scar along that hyperbolic orbit. Our construction proceeds by controlling the evolution of Gaussian wavepackets up to the Ehrenfest time. Résumé. — Nous considérons un opérateur pseudodiﬀérentiel semiclassique sur une surface compacte, tel que le ﬂot Hamiltonien engendré par son symbole principal possède, à une certaine énergie, une orbite périodique hyperbolique. Pour un paramètre ε > 0 arbitrairement petit, nous construisons une famille de quasi-modes de cet opérateur, dont la largeur en énergie est d’ordre ε ~ / | log ~ | , mais qui possèdent un poids positif (une « grosse balafre ») autour de cette orbite pério-dique. Notre construction procède par un contrôle de l’évolution de paquets d’onde gaussiens jusqu’au temps d’Ehrenfest.
Fej´er monotone sequences revisited

In this paper we introduce a localized and relativized generalization of the usual concept of Fej´er monotonicity together with uniform and quantitative versions thereof and show that the main quantitative results obtained by the 1st author together with Nicolae and Leu¸stean in 2017 and with L´opez-Acedo and Nicolae in 2019 respectively, extend to this generalization. Our framework, in particular, covers the sequence generated by the Dykstra algorithm while the latter is not Fej´er-monotone in the ordinary sense. This gives a theoretical explanation why under a metric regularity assumption one obtains an explicit rate of convergence for Dykstra’s algorithm which was proved recently by the 2nd author.
Changes in the effect of magnetic brain stimulation accompanying voluntary dynamic contraction in man.

1. The soleus (Sol) H reflex was conditioned by magnetic stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex at rest and during voluntary contraction in healthy human subjects. The intensity of the magnetic stimulus was adjusted so as to have no effect on the H reflex at rest. During tonic voluntary contraction the same magnetic stimulus produced a facilitation with a short latency and a long duration, thus reflecting an increased excitation of Sol motoneurones by the magnetic stimulus during voluntary contraction. 2. The amount of reflex facilitation produced by brain stimulation within the initial 0.5‐1 ms after its onset was investigated at different times during dynamic ramp‐and‐hold plantar flexion. The facilitation was largest at the onset of voluntary activity in the Sol muscle. It then decreased abruptly within 100 ms after the onset of the voluntary contraction. Neither the voluntary Sol activity nor the control H reflex decreased at this time. 3. Electrical stimulation of the brain with the anode placed lateral to the vertex produced a facilitation of the H reflex, which preceded the facilitation evoked by magnetic stimulation by 1‐2 ms. The facilitation produced by the magnetic stimulus occurred or increased at the onset of contraction in relation to rest in all experiments. However, this was the case in only two out of eight experiments, when the brain was stimulated electrically. 4. The size of the reflex facilitation measured at the onset of contraction was larger the faster the contraction. Positive correlations were found between the size of the facilitation and the peak of the first and second derivative of the torque and the peak Sol EMG activity. 5. It is suggested that the observed changes in the size of the short‐latency reflex facilitation produced by magnetic brain stimulation mainly reflects changes in the excitability of corticospinal cells, since similar changes were not observed in the size of the unconditioned Sol H reflex or in the short‐latency reflex facilitation produced by electrical brain stimulation. The data support the hypothesis that fast conducting corticospinal fibres with monosynaptic projections to spinal motoneurones are involved in the initiation of voluntary movement in man.
Asian dust outflow in the PBL and free atmosphere retrieved by NASA CALIPSO and an assimilated dust transport model

Abstract. Three-dimensional structures of Asian dust transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free atmosphere occurring successively during the end of May 2007 were clarified using results of space-borne backscatter lidar, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and results obtained using a data-assimilated version of a dust transport model (RC4) based on a ground-based NIES lidar network. The dust layer depths and the vertical and horizontal structure simulated by RC4 agreed with those of CALIOP observations from the dust source region to the far-downstream region. Two important transport mechanisms of Asian dust in the PBL and free atmosphere were clarified: a low-level dust outbreak within the dry slot region of a well-developed low-pressure system, and formation of an elevated dust layer within the warm sector of a low-pressure system. We also represent the aging of pure dust particles using the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at 532 nm and the color ratio (CR) at 1064 nm and 532 nm. Aerosols with high PDR were observed uniformly over the dust source region. While the dust cloud was transported to the eastern downwind regions, aerosols with low PDR and high CR occur in the layer of less than 1 km height, suggesting a mixing state of spherical aerosols and dust in the surface layer.
Indices for the assessment of nutritional quality of meals: a systematic review

Abstract This systematic review aimed to synthesise information on indices developed to evaluate nutritional quality of meals. A strategy for systematic search of the literature was developed using keywords related to assessment of meal quality. Databases searched included ScienceDirect, PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar. The literature search resulted in seven different meal quality indices. Each article was analysed in order to identify the following items: authors, country, year, study design, population characteristics, type of meal evaluated, dietary assessment method, characteristics evaluated (nutrients or food items), score range, index components, nutritional references, correlations performed, validation and relationship with an outcome (if existing). Two studies developed instruments to assess the quality of breakfast, three analysed lunch, one evaluated dinner and one was applied to all types of meals and snacks. All meal quality indices reviewed were based on the evaluation of presence or absence of food groups and relative contributions of nutrients, according to food-based guidelines or nutrient references, adapting the daily dietary recommendations to one specific meal. Most of the indices included three items as components for meal quality assessment: (I) total fat or some specific type of fat, (II) fruits and vegetables and (III) cereals or whole grains. This systematic review indicates aspects that need further research, particularly the numerous approaches to assessing meals considering different foods and nutrients, and the need for validation studies of meal indices.
Proteomes and Signalling Pathways of Antler Stem Cells

As the only known example of complete organ regeneration in mammals, deer antler in the growing or velvet phase is of major interest in developmental biology. This regeneration event initiates from self-renewing antler stem cells that exhibit pluripotency. At present, it remains unclear how the activation and quiescence of antler stem cells are regulated. Therefore, in the present study proteins that were differentially expressed between the antler stem cells and somatic cells (facial periosteum) were identified by a gel-based proteomic technique, and analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Several molecular pathways (PI3K/Akt, ERK/MAPK, p38 MAPK, etc.) were found to be activated during proliferation. Also expressed were the transcription factors POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG and MYC, which are key markers of embryonic stem cells. Expression of these proteins was confirmed in both cultured cells and fresh tissues by Western blot analysis. Therefore, the molecular pathways and transcription factors identified in the current study are common to embryonic and adult stem cells. However, expression of embryonic stem cell transcription factors would suggest that antler stem cells are, potentially, an intermediary stem cell type between embryonic and the more specialized tissue-specific stem cells like those residing in muscle, fat or from a hematopoietic origin. The retention of this embryonic, pluripotent lineage may be of fundamental importance for the subsequent regenerative capacity of antlers.
Inhibition of NAADP signalling on reperfusion protects the heart by preventing lethal calcium oscillations via two-pore channel 1 and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

Aims In the heart, a period of ischaemia followed by reperfusion evokes powerful cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that can cause lethal cell injury. These signals represent attractive cardioprotective targets, but the underlying mechanisms of genesis are ill-defined. Here, we investigated the role of the second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which is known in several cell types to induce Ca2+ oscillations that initiate from acidic stores such as lysosomes, likely via two-pore channels (TPCs, TPC1 and 2). Methods and results An NAADP antagonist called Ned-K was developed by rational design based on a previously existing scaffold. Ned-K suppressed Ca2+ oscillations and dramatically protected cardiomyocytes from cell death in vitro after ischaemia and reoxygenation, preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Ned-K profoundly decreased infarct size in mice in vivo. Transgenic mice lacking the endo-lysosomal TPC1 were also protected from injury. Conclusion NAADP signalling plays a major role in reperfusion-induced cell death and represents a potent pathway for protection against reperfusion injury.
One-year use and cost of inpatient and outpatient services among female and male patients with an eating disorder: evidence from a national database of health insurance claims.

OBJECTIVE This study examined rates and cost of inpatient and outpatient treatment among 1,932 patients with an eating disorder. METHOD One-year (1995) data were available through MarketScan, a national insurance database containing claims for 1,902,041 male patients and 2,005,760 female patients. RESULTS Female patients (n = 1,756, 0.14% of all females) were significantly more likely to have been treated for an eating disorder than male patients (n = 176, 0.016% of all males), and females received more days of treatment than males. Outpatient treatment was the norm, regardless of gender or type of eating disorder. Average number of days (inpatient or outpatient) was less than the minimum recommended by standards of care. Age-adjusted costs for the treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were comparable to the cost of treatment for schizophrenia. DISCUSSION The utilization data are discussed in terms of barriers to care and treatment guidelines for eating disorders.