Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DSM-IV defined conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: an investigation of shared liability in female twins

Background DSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria are not met for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure. Method We examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11–19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy. Results The models suggested that DSM-IV ODD–CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences. Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.
Lymphangioma Associated with Becker Nevus: A Report of Coincident Hamartomas in a Child

Abstract: Lymphangiomas are hamartomas which often occur during childhood. Their classification is primarily size dependent and predicts their clinical course. Larger lesions can be life threatening, but for many patients with lymphangiomas, cosmetic disfigurement is the primary concern. Treatment options are limited and have shown only variable success. Repetitive surgical excision may be necessary. We report a cystic lymphangioma of the axilla occurring in association with a Beckerapos;s nevus in an infant Although Beckerapos;s nevi have been described in association with other hamartomas, primarily those of smooth muscle, an association with cystic lymphangioma has not been previously reported. We offer a brief discussion of possible developmental mechanisms for their coexistence. In our patient the simultaneous occurrence of a lymphangioma and a Beckerapos;s nevus appears to be a localized event, as no other developmental abnormalities are evident.
Accountability Pressure, Academic Standards, and Educational Triage

Despite common conceptions, evidence on whether No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has had adverse effects for low achieving students is mixed. We hypothesize that the incentive to shift attention away from the lowest achieving students increases with the rigor of state standards. Using panel data from students in North Carolina, we exploit two natural experiments: increases in the rigor of standards in math in 2006 and then again in reading in 2008. We report an increase in test score gaps between low and high achievers and students near grade level. Adverse effects on low achievers are largest in the lowest achieving schools. We discuss the policy implications of our findings given the widespread adoption of more rigorous Common Core Standards.
The movement characteristics of English Premiership rugby union players

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the movement characteristics of elite rugby union players during competitive play and identify whether position-related differences exist. Ninety-eight elite players from eight English Premiership Clubs were tracked using global positioning systems (GPS) during 44 competitive matches throughout the 2010/2011 season. Player positions were defined as: (1) Backs or Forwards; (2) Front, Second and Back Rows, Scrum Half, Inside and Outside Backs; (3) 15 individual positions (numbers 1–15). Analysis revealed the game is predominantly played at low speeds with little distance covered ‘sprinting’ by either the Backs (50 ± 76 m) or the Forwards (37 ± 64 m). The Backs travelled greater (P < 0.05) absolute and relative distances than the Forwards. The Scrum Half covered the greatest total distance during a match (7098 ± 778 m) and the Front Row the least (5158 ± 200 m). The Back Row covered the greatest distances at ‘sprinting’ speeds, particularly the number 8 position (77 m). These findings reflect notable differences in the movement characteristics displayed by elite rugby union players in specific positional roles, and reinforce the contemporary view that training programmes for such players ought to be structured with this in mind.
Rheumatic fever and streptococcal infection.

aided by eliciting a history of sudden strain or local trauma. Whereas an intra-abdominal mass disappears with contraction of the abdominal muscles, a haematoma of the rectus sheath usually remains palpable and indeed may become more discrete. Oddly enough there is often considerable delay before a tell-tale bruise appears in the skin over the mass which clinches the diagnosis. Treatment varies according to circumstances. A small haematoma which is obviously subsiding should be left alone to resolve spontaneously. A large tense mass which is increasing in size is best managed by surgical evacuation. This not only allows the bleeding vessels to be ligated, but also gives dramatic relief of pain.
Health information matters : everyday health information literacy and behaviour in relation to health behaviour and physical health among young men

This study increases the understanding of young men’s everyday health information literacy and behaviour in relation to their health behaviour, physical health, and socio-demographic characteristics. The conceptual framework of the study builds upon theories of information behaviour, practices and literacy, and health behaviour change. The empirical data were collected with questionnaires (n = 3,293) and physiological measurements (n = 3,063) in 2010 to 2013 at the Finnish Defence Forces’ call-ups, where a population-based sample of young Finnish men could be reached. Everyday health information literacy was studied using a previously developed screening tool, and with a focus on its relationship with health behaviour and physical fitness. Information behaviour was investigated in the context of physical activity, and in relation to men’s readiness to change exercise behaviour according to the Transtheoretical Model. Statistical analyses of the data include multivariate regression analyses, and a critical realist approach was adopted in interpreting the results. The results show that general upper secondary education and higher socio-economic position of a parent increase the likelihood of good health information literacy. Health information literacy is positively associated with health-promoting behaviour and health independent of socioeconomic position; confidence in one’s abilities to find, evaluate and use health information is associated with regular exercise and healthy eating habits, and good physical fitness, for example. In the context of physical activity, the practices used to acquire information are associated with the stage of exercise behaviour change. Men in the maintenance stage seek information most actively. Information avoidance, in turn, is connected to low health information literacy, not to the stage of change. The study provides novel knowledge on healthy young people’s everyday health information literacy and behaviour, and on their relationship. It is among the first to investigate health information behaviour in the stages of behaviour change and health information literacy in connection with objectively measured fitness. It proposes a framework for future studies on the relationship between health information literacy and behaviour, and health information outcomes. The results may be utilised when designing tailored health communications and health information literacy education.
Psychometric Evaluation of the T-CSUQ: The Turkish Version of the Computer System Usability Questionnaire

This article describes the development of a standardized computer system usability questionnaire for use with speakers of the Turkish language, the Turkish Computer System Usability Questionnaire, Short Version (T-CSUQ-SV). This new questionnaire, based on the English-language CSUQ, underwent careful translation and transformation through comprehensive psychometric evaluation. The results of the psychometric evaluation revealed an acceptable level of reliability, appropriate construct validity, and sensitivity to manipulation, indicating that Turkish usability practitioners should be able to use the T-CSUQ-SV with confidence when conducting user research.
Expression of the inclusion body myopathy 3 mutation in Drosophila depresses myosin function and stability and recapitulates muscle inclusions and weakness

A Drosophila model of myosin-based inclusion body myopathy type 3 is presented. Muscle function, ATPase activity, and actin sliding velocity were dramatically reduced. The mutant myosin is prone to aggregate, likely accounting for the observed cytoplasmic inclusions and disorganized muscle filaments reminiscent of the human disease.
First-Orderized ResearchCyc : Expressivity and Efficiency in a Common-Sense Ontology

Cyc is the largest existing common-sense knowledge base. Its ontology makes heavy use of higher-order logic constructs such as a context system, first class predicates, etc. Many of these higher-order constructs are believed to be key to Cyc’s ability to represent common-sense knowledge and reason with it efficiently. In this paper, we present a translati on of a large part (around 90%) of the Cyc ontology into FirstOrder Logic. We discuss our methodology, and the tradeoffs between expressivity and efficiency in representation and reasoning. We also present the results of experiments using VAMPIRE, SPASS, and the E Theorem Prover on the firstorderized Cyc KB. Our results indicate that, while the use of higher-order logic is not essential to the representabilit y of common-sense knowledge, it greatly improves the efficiency of reasoning.
Parasagittal meningiomas: Our surgical experience and the reconstruction technique of the superior sagittal sinus

Background: The radical resection of parasagittal meningiomas without complications and recurrences is the goal of the neurosurgeon. Nowadays, different managements are proposed. This study describes our surgical technique during the lesional excision and the reconstruction of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). Methods: The total removal (Simpson I and II) of parasagittal meningiomas (WHO grade I and II) was obtained in 75 patients from September 2000 to January 2010. The indocyanine green videoangiography was used before the dural opening and, when necessary, to identify and preserve the cortical veins. The surgery of the SSS was performed in accordance with Sindou's classification, and its reconstruction was achieved through the use of a patch of galea capitis. Results: We had no cases of recurrence and thrombotic occlusion of the SSS in 5 years after the reconstruction. No complications were observed in 65 patients, and no cases of mortality were reported. Neurological focal deficits were observed in 5 patients. A brain swelling and a venous infarction were observed in 1 patient. Only one case of thrombotic occlusion was observed. A cerebrospinal fluid leak was observed in 2 patients, and a systemic complication was found in 1 patient. Conclusion: Several factors contribute to the success of the parasagittal meningioma surgery. We consider the preservation of the cortical veins to be important, and, when possible, we recommend the reconstruction of the anterior third of the SSS. Our experience has led us to believe that until now surgery is a winning choice if practiced by expert hands.
Reassessing the concept of a medialization of science: a story from the “book of life”

The changing relationship between science and the mass media has been characterized in theory as a medialization of science. This paper argues that the concept of medialization should be further focused by differentiating two dimensions, an increasing media attention for scientific issues on the one hand and an increasing orientation of science towards the media on the other hand. This allows for observing changes with regard to science and the media separately. The concept is then supported empirically for the field of human genome research. British and German print media coverage of the final phase of the human genome sequencing has been studied using a quantitative content analysis. Triggered by its far-reaching implications, its “Big Science” nature and the competition of publicly and privately funded scientists to finish the first drafts of the human genome, human genome research is indicative of the medialization of science. It is therefore likely that the rationalities of the media system gain an influence on the research field or even beyond it.
Aerobic metabolism of Brochothrix thermosphacta growing on meat surfaces and in laboratory media.

Acetoin and acetic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids are major end-products, and important components of the spoilage odours, of Brochothrix thermosphacta growing aerobically on meat surfaces or in tryptone-based medium containing glucose, ribose or glycerol. Acetoin and acetic acid are probably derived entirely from the carbohydrates and isobutyric and isovaleric acids from valine and leucine respectively. Glucose and pH are both important factors in controlling the relative amounts of end-products, low glucose and near neutral pH favouring fatty acid formation, high glucose and lower pH values favouring acetoin formation.
Association between Bullying Involvement and Body Weight Status among Adolescents in Southern Taiwan

Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the associations between four types of bullying involvement and three body weight statuses (underweight, overweight and obesity) in adolescents, as well as the moderating effects of socio-demographic characteristics, family factors, school factors, peer affinity, and self-esteem on the associations between bullying involvement and body weight statuses. Methods: Experiences of bullying involvement in 5,621 adolescents were obtained using the self-reported Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire (C-SBEQ). We determined underweight, overweight and obesity with the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff references for body mass index (BMI). We examined the associations between four types of bullying involvement and body weight status and the moderating effects of socio-demographic characteristics, family factors, school factors, peer affinity, and self-esteem with logistic regression analysis models, using average body weight as the reference. Results: Compared with those with an average body weight status, we found that overweight adolescents were more likely to be both victims of verbal and relational bullying (odd ratio [OR]: 1.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-1.204) and victims of physical bullying and belongings snatching (OR: 1.171, 95% CI: 1.033-1.329), and that obese adolescents were more likely to be both victims of verbal and relational bullying (OR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.008-1.221) and perpetrators of verbal and relational bullying (OR: 1.122, 95% CI: 1.017-1.238). Being underweight was not found to be significantly associated with any type of bullying involvement. No factors examined in this study showed a moderating effect on the association between bullying involvement and body weight status. Conclusion: To assess the experience of bullying involvement and to develop prevention and intervention programs regarding bullying involvement for overweight/obese adolescents are necessary.
Interactions of Individuals' Company-Related Attitudes and Their Buying of Companies' Stocks and Products

Although increasingly interested in individual investors' behavior and psychology, finance research has paid little attention to the fact that the same individuals who engage in investment behavior and trading of stocks of certain companies may also engage in other economic behavior, notably in the consumption of products. Recognizing this, as well as the increasing evidence of the role of company-related attitudes in individuals' investment behavior, the article presents a theoretical model concerning how an individual's company-related attitudes, his/her tendency to buy/hold the company's stocks, and his/her tendency to buy/use the company's products are likely to interact. The proposed interaction is suggested to generate a potentially considerable leverage effect, ultimately on the stock price of a company.
Adrenal involvement in MEN1. Analysis of 715 cases from the Groupe d'etude des Tumeurs Endocrines database.

OBJECTIVE Limited data regarding adrenal involvement in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is available. We describe the characteristics of MEN1-associated adrenal lesions in a large cohort to provide a rationale for their management. METHODS Analysis of records from 715 MEN1 patients from a multicentre database between 1956 and 2008. Adrenal lesions were compared with those from a multicentre cohort of 144 patients with adrenal sporadic incidentalomas. RESULTS Adrenal enlargement was reported in 20.4% (146/715) of patients. Adrenal tumours (>10 mm in size) accounted for 58.1% of these cases (10.1% of the whole patient cohort). Tumours were bilateral and >40 mm in size in 12.5 and 19.4% of cases respectively. Hormonal hypersecretion was restricted to patients with tumours and occurred in 15.3% of them. Compared with incidentalomas, MEN1-related tumours exhibited more cases of primary hyperaldosteronism, fewer pheochromocytomas and more adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs; 13.8 vs 1.3%). Ten ACCs occurred in eight patients. Interestingly, ACCs occurred after several years of follow-up of small adrenal tumours in two of the eight affected patients. Nine of the ten ACCs were classified as stage I or II according to the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. No evident genotype/phenotype correlation was found for the occurrence of adrenal lesions, endocrine hypersecretion or ACC. CONCLUSIONS Adrenal pathology in MEN1 differs from that observed in sporadic incidentalomas. In the absence of relevant symptoms, endocrine biology can be restricted to patients with adrenal tumours and should focus on steroid secretion including the aldosterone-renin system. MEN1 is a high-risk condition for the occurrence of ACCs. It should be considered regardless of the size of the tumour.
Childhood predictors and age 48 outcomes of self-reports and official records of offending.

BACKGROUND The key question is: are self-reports and official records equally valid indicators of criminal offending? AIMS We examine the correspondence between self-reports and official records of offending, the similarity of childhood and adolescent individual and contextual predictors of both measures of offending, and the similarity of age 48 correlates of both measures of offending. METHODS Men (N=436) from the Columbia County Longitudinal Study, a sample of all 3rd graders in Columbia County, New York, in 1959-60, participated. The youth, their peers and their parents were interviewed when the youth were age 8; the youth were later interviewed at ages 19, 30 and 48. RESULTS We found moderate to high correspondence between self-reports of having been in trouble with the law and official arrest records. Lifetime self-reports and official records of offending were generally predicted by the same childhood and adolescent variables, and were correlated with many of the same adult outcome measures. By age 48, life-course non-offenders defined by either self-reports or official records had better outcomes than offenders. CONCLUSIONS The results validate the use of adolescent and adult self-reports of offending, and the early identification of individuals at risk for adult criminal behaviour through childhood parent and peer reports and adolescent self and peer reports.
Heme oxygenase-1 protects rat liver against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury via TLR2/TLR4-triggered signaling pathways.

AIM To investigate the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in protecting liver from warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Partial warm ischemia was produced in the left and middle hepatic lobes of SD rats for 75 min, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Rats were treated with saline, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) at 24 h prior to the ischemia insult. Blood and samples of ischemic lobes subjected to ischemia were collected at 6 h after reperfusion. Serum transaminases level, plasma lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase activity in liver were measured. Liver histological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated by tissue section and liver immunohistochemical analysis. We used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to analyze liver expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-Toll-IL-1R-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and anti-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and then the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. RESULTS HO-1 protected livers from I/R injury, as evidenced by diminished liver enzymes and well-preserved tissue architecture. In comparison with ZnPP livers 6 h after surgery, CoPP treatment livers showed a significant increase inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and macrophages. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TANK binding kinase 1 protein levels of rats treated with CoPP significantly reduced in TRIF-immunoprecipitated complex, as compared with ZnPP treatment. In addition, pretreatment with CoPP reduced the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in MyD88-immunoprecipitated complex. The inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mRNA expression rapidly decreased in CoPP-pretreated liver, compared with the ZnPP-treated group. However, the expression of negative regulators Toll-interacting protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1, IRAK-M and Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase-1 in CoPP treatment rats were markedly up-regulated as compared with ZnPP-treated rats. CONCLUSION HO-1 protects liver against I/R injury by inhibiting TLR2/TLR4-triggered MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways and increasing expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in rats.