Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volatile Compounds from Grape Skin, Juice and Wine from Five Interspecific HybridGrape Cultivars Grown in Québec (Canada) for Wine Production

Developed from crosses between Vitis vinifera and North American Vitis species, interspecific hybrid grape varieties are becoming economically significant in northern areas, where they are now extensively grown for wine production. However, the varietal differences between interspecific hybrids are not well defined, nor are the relationships between hybrid grape and wine composition, which causes significant drawbacks in the development of viticulture and winemaking of northern wines. In an effort to increase our understanding of interspecific hybrids, we have characterized the free volatile compounds profiles of berries (juice and skin) and wines of five red hybrid varieties (Frontenac, Marquette, Maréchal Foch, Sabrevois and St. Croix) grown in Québec (Canada), using GC-MS(TOF)-SPME. In grapes and wines, significantly higher levels of C6 and other fatty acid degradation products (FADP) were found in Frontenac, Maréchal Foch and Marquette. Terpenes were primarily located in the skin, with Marquette showing the highest level for these compounds. Both the level of terpenes and the level of FADP in grape were strongly correlated with their respective levels in wine, as demonstrated by the redundancy analyses. Nonanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, β-damascenone, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate showed the highest OAVs in the wines of the studied varieties.
Model of visual search and selection time in linear menus

This paper presents a novel mathematical model for visual search and selection time in linear menus. Assuming two visual search strategies, serial and directed, and a pointing sub-task, it captures the change of performance with five fac- tors: 1) menu length, 2) menu organization, 3) target position, 4) absence/presence of target, and 5) practice. The novel aspect is that the model is expressed as probability density distribution of gaze, which allows for deriving total selection time. We present novel data that replicates and extends the Nielsen menu selection paradigm and uses eye-tracking and mouse tracking to confirm model predictions. The same parametrization yielded a high fit to both menu selection time and gaze distributions. The model has the potential to improve menu designs by helping designers identify more effective solutions without conducting empirical studies.
Constraining the role of early land plants in Palaeozoic weathering and global cooling

How the colonization of terrestrial environments by early land plants over 400 Ma influenced rock weathering, the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and phosphorus, and climate in the Palaeozoic is uncertain. Here we show experimentally that mineral weathering by liverworts—an extant lineage of early land plants—partnering arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, like those in 410 Ma-old early land plant fossils, amplified calcium weathering from basalt grains threefold to sevenfold, relative to plant-free controls. Phosphate weathering by mycorrhizal liverworts was amplified 9–13-fold over plant-free controls, compared with fivefold to sevenfold amplification by liverworts lacking fungal symbionts. Etching and trenching of phyllosilicate minerals increased with AM fungal network size and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Integration of grain-scale weathering rates over the depths of liverwort rhizoids and mycelia (0.1 m), or tree roots and mycelia (0.75 m), indicate early land plants with shallow anchorage systems were probably at least 10-fold less effective at enhancing the total weathering flux than later-evolving trees. This work challenges the suggestion that early land plants significantly enhanced total weathering and land-to-ocean fluxes of calcium and phosphorus, which have been proposed as a trigger for transient dramatic atmospheric CO2 sequestration and glaciations in the Ordovician.
The relationship of partial syndrome eating disorders to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

SYNOPSIS A variety of sociocultural, familial and individual features associated with the eating disorders were examined in subjects with full syndrome (FS) and partial syndrome (PS) eating disorders and in normal high school students. The EAT-26 was administered to 995 high school students. This was followed by individual interviews with those who scored in the symptomatic range. Fifty-one students with PS eating disorders, 57 students without eating disorders (normal controls) and 30 hospital patients with FS, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were compared on subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders and the Beck Depression Inventory. The three groups displayed statistically significant differences on dimensions of EDI subscales Ineffectiveness and Interoceptive Awareness and also with respect to depression, history of being overweight and past history of emotional problems, as well as having mothers with medical illnesses. On these characteristics, the FS subjects displayed higher levels than the PS subjects, who in turn were higher than the NC subjects. The PS subjects displayed elevations on Body Dissatisfaction (EDI subscale), past medical illnesses, and mother's over-concern with eating and weight. These data support a continuum model of the eating disorders, but a continuum of multiple associated features rather than of dieting.
Operation analysis of a novel concept of RF source known as gyromagnetic line

Gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines are interesting new devices used for RF generation since they are all solid state, lightweight and compact, neither requiring vacuum nor thermionic filament as in electronic tubes. Experiments with these lines have demonstrated their successful operation at L and S bands, thereby enabling them for applications in UWB pulsed radars in space vehicles and defense systems. There is also a great interest in compact solid-state high-power microwave sources for applications in small defense platforms (boats, trucks, etc.) to destroy the enemy electronic systems. Although the operation of these devices has been demonstrated exhaustively in recent years, their working principle is not quite well understood so far as it has been expected that the precession of the magnetic dipoles in the ferrite material given by the Larmor frequency, which predicts a proportional increase with the magnetic field bias. However, as observed experimentally the opposite occurs and the frequency decreases with the increasing of the magnetic field applied. Thus, the objective of this paper is to address this problem using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation with boundary conditions on the TEM mode propagation in the coaxial line. The formulation obtained for the precession frequency will be used to compare with experimental data found in the literature.
Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospital Admissions in the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999–2010

Background In recent years a number of studies have examined the short-term association between coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) and mortality and morbidity outcomes. These studies, however, have produced inconsistent conclusions. Objectives We estimated both the national- and regional-level associations between PM10–2.5 and emergency hospitalizations for both cardiovascular and respiratory disease among Medicare enrollees ≥ 65 years of age during the 12-year period 1999 through 2010. Methods Using air pollution data obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air quality monitoring network and daily emergency hospitalizations for 110 large urban U.S. counties assembled from the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study (MCAPS), we estimated the association between short-term exposure to PM10–2.5 and hospitalizations using a two-stage Bayesian hierarchical model and Poisson log-linear regression models. Results A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10–2.5 was associated with a significant increase in same-day cardiovascular hospitalizations [0.69%; 95% posterior interval (PI): 0.45, 0.92]. After adjusting for PM2.5, this association remained significant (0.63%; 95% PI: 0.38, 0.88). A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10–2.5 was not associated with a significant increase in respiratory-related hospitalizations. Conclusions We found statistically significant evidence that daily variation in PM10–2.5 is associated with emergency hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases among Medicare enrollees ≥ 65 years of age. This association was robust to adjustment for concentrations of PM2.5. Citation Powell H, Krall JR, Wang Y, Bell ML, Peng RD. 2015. Ambient coarse particulate matter and hospital admissions in the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999–2010. Environ Health Perspect 123:1152–1158; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1408720
An Investigation of the Teacher Behavior of Wait-Time During an Inquiry Science Lesson.

his study was designed to-investigate the nonverbal teacher behavior of wait-time. Wait-time is the silence in a conversation following a teacher or student utterance. The primary purpose of the investigation was to document some of the behavioral And cognitive effects of Wait-time and to delineate the interrelationships between the various forms of wait-time. The secondary purpose of the investigation was to study the expected inverse relationship between teacher scores on the Pupil Control Ideology-Form and duration of natural teacher reaction Wait-Time. Fifty-one preservice teachers were used in this study; 31 were trained to use Teacher Reaction Wait-Times of about 0.5 seconds and 2.0 seconds with inner city elementary school children, while 20 teachers instructing junior high students were randomly assigned to use the shorter or longer wait-times while using an inquiry science lesson. The results indicate that teachers can be taught a technique whereby they can increase the amount of student-to-student interactions in small groups during science inquiry and can bring -About an increase in the frequency with which students spontaneously make verbal contributions to the group. More robust science. inquiry can be facilitated with the increased use of time-wait. (Author/BP) /
microRNA-106b-mediated down-regulation of C1orf24 expression induces apoptosis and suppresses invasion of thyroid cancer

We previously showed that C1orf24 expression is increased in thyroid carcinomas. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying C1orf24 deregulation is not fully understood. It has been widely demonstrated that microRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation in several diseases, including cancer. Using in silico prediction approach, five microRNAs that bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of C1orf24 were identified. The expression of two selected microRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-106b) and the expression of C1orf24 were tested in 48 benign and malignant thyroid lesions and in five thyroid carcinoma cell lines. miR-106b was down-regulated in thyroid cancer specimens and thyroid carcinoma cell lines, while C1orf24 expression was markedly increased. To demonstrate that miR-106b reduces C1orf24 expression, follicular (WRO) and papillary (TPC1) thyroid carcinoma cell lines were transiently transfected with miR-106b mimic. Ectopic expression of the miR-106b mimic significantly inhibits C1orf24 mRNA and protein expression in both WRO and TPC1 cells. Dual-luciferase report assays demonstrated that miR-106b directly targets C1orf24 by binding its 3′- UTR. Moreover, miR-106b-mediated down-regulation of C1orf24 expression increased apoptosis and inhibited migration. We additionally demonstrated that siRNA against C1orf24 significantly decreased its expression, inhibited cell migration and cell cycle progression while induced apoptosis. In summary, our findings not only provide new insights into molecular mechanism associated with C1orf24 overexpression in thyroid carcinomas but also show that C1orf24 might increase proliferation and cell migration. Thus, decreasing C1orf24 levels, by restoring miR-106b function, may have therapeutic implications.
Mental imagery in synaesthesia

The current thesis addressed the question of whether an internally generated mental image can elicit a concurrent in grapheme colour synaesthesia; although there is experimental and anecdotal evidence that this is the case, to date this had not been systematically explored. As there are purportedly distinct object-based and spatial-based imagery processes it was necessary to explore the role different imagery processes may play. In Experiment 1 synaesthetes and matched control groups completed a grapheme-based object-imagery task against congruently and incongruently coloured backgrounds. Four synaesthetes, but none of the control groups, showed an effect of colour on task performance. In Experiment 2 and 3 synaesthetes (and matched controls for Experiment 2) completed a grapheme-based spatial-imagery task, with either the stimuli or background colour manipulated as before. In each experiment colour was found to interact with grapheme presentation format for two different synaesthetes. Experiments 1-3 therefore provided support for the idea that an internally generated mental image can elicit a concurrent. Importantly, the results suggested a difference in the way the concurrent generated from object or spatial imagery processes influenced task performance. Consequently Experiments 4 and 5 used a battery of comparable imagery tasks that had either an object or spatial rate-limiting imagery process. Manipulation of the task background colour again showed the variety of effects the concurrent generated with these different imagery processes can have on task performance. Overall the results of these experiments suggest that a concurrent can be elicited from both object and spatial imagery processes; important individual differences were found, and individual performance varied between tasks, suggesting the possible role of strategy effects. Models of synaesthesia need to be able to explain these differences and further studies are needed to address this issue of task approach.
S100P Expression Is a Novel Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts Survival in Patients with High Tumor Stage or Early Recurrent Tumors

The calcium-binding protein S100P is expressed in a variety of human cancer cells and is important in cancer cell growth and invasion. Using differential display, we found S100P is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the expression of 305 unifocal, primary HCC tumors using immunohistochemistry. The S100P protein was expressed in 173 of the 305 (56.7%) HCC tumors. The expression of S100P correlated with female sex (P = 0.0162), high serum α-fetoprotein level (P = 0.0001), high tumor grade (P = 0.0029), high tumor stage (P = 0.0319), the presence of the p53 mutation (P = 0.0032), and the absence of the β-catenin mutation (P = 0.0489). Patients with HCC tumors that expressed S100P were more likely to have early tumor recurrence (ETR) (P = 0.0189) and lower 5-year survival (P = 0.0023). The multivariate analysis confirmed that S100P expression was an independent prognostic factor in HCC. The combinatorial analysis showed an additive unfavorable prognostic interaction between S100P expression and the p53 mutation. In contrast, the β-catenin mutation was associated with better prognosis in both S100P-positive and -negative HCCs. Furthermore, S100P expression was a predictor of survival in HCC patients with high tumor stage or ETR (P = 0.0026 and P = 0.0002, respectively). Our study indicates the expression of the S100P protein is a novel independent predictor for poor prognosis in HCC, and it is also an unfavorable prognostic predictor in HCC patients with high tumor stage or ETR.
Psychotherapist understanding of genital self-mutilation amongst male to female transsexuals

ion which highlighted descriptive, linguistic, and conceptual aspects of the participants’ responses. The analysis generated nine supraordinate themes which were mapped onto relevant domains of the therapist interaction with the phenomenon, including how the therapist conceptualizes the motivation for the behavior in connection with a client who identifies as transsexual, how the therapist intervenes with the behavior in the context of a psychotherapeutic relationship, and how the behavior of genital self‐mutilation impacts on the self of the therapist from an emotional and countertransference standpoint. Within the domain of conceptualization, emergent supraordinate themes included the psychotherapist understanding of genital self mutilation as motivated by multiple factors. From their perspective, the behavior was understood as a means by which the client protected the psychological self from annihilation by the expectations or actions of others which denied the legitimacy of the client female gender identification. The participants felt that clients experienced a sense of desperation which arose from the intersection between social obstacles to self‐actualizing the female gender identity as well as limited coping mechanisms to manage the psychological stress of being marginalized and rejected by a transphobic society. Within the domain of treatment interventions, the therapist value and activity of explicitly affirming the client’s sense of self as female as well as helping the client
Distinct Epidemiologic Characteristics of Oral Tongue Cancer Patients

Objectives Oral tongue cancer may have a distinct epidemiological profile from other mucosal neoplasms of the oral cavity. We sought to further define the demographic characteristics associated with oral tongue cancer to determine if unique characteristics exist compared with other oral cavity cancers. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis using cross-tabulations and multivariate regression modeling. Setting The Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database. Subjects and Methods Discharge data from a state database were queried to perform a cross-sectional analysis of oral cancer cases treated surgically from 1990 to 2009. Results A total of 1688 oral cancer cases comprised the study population, with 719 (42.6%) of cases involving the oral tongue. Tongue cancer comprised 31.6% of oral cancers in black patients and 44.1% of oral cancer in white patients (P = .011). Racial disparities in oral tongue cancer were identified for age at diagnosis, with significantly fewer black patients younger than 40 years (3.8%) compared with whites (11.3%; P = .006). After controlling for all other variables, oral tongue cancer patients were significantly less likely to be older than 40 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P < .001), black (OR, 0.53; P = .001), have Medicare payor status (OR, 0.55; P = .002), and advanced comorbidity (OR, 0.22; P < .001), in contrast to other oral cancer subsites. Conclusion The racial and socioeconomic qualities of oral tongue cancer patients differ significantly from other oral cancers. This younger, healthier subgroup of oral cancer patients demonstrates a distinct population at risk for cancer of the oral tongue.
Estimating the total number of protein folds

Many seemingly unrelated protein families share common folds. Theoretical models based on structure designability have suggested that a few folds should be very common while many others have low probability. In agreement with the predictions of these models, we show that the distribution of observed protein families over different folds can be modeled with a highly‐stretched exponential. Our results suggest that there are approximately 4,000 possible folds, some so unlikely that only approximately 2,000 folds existing among naturally‐occurring proteins. Due to the large number of extremely rare folds, constructing a comprehensive database of all existent folds would be difficult. Constructing a database of the most‐likely folds representing the vast majority of protein families would be considerably easier. Proteins 1999;35:408–414. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Student Retention: Is It Effective?.

Each year thousands of elementary school negatively, affect the social and emotional students are considered as candidates for well-being of the child? The purpose of this grade retention (Rihl, 1988). Accompanyreview is to provide a concise, cumulative ing that are thousands of parents, teachers, report of recent literature and research con counselors, and administrators attempting cerning elementary grade retention to to make a decision that will, in the end, those involved in making the decision of benefit both the child and the school. retaining a child. The necessity for research Plummer (1978) stated that the elementary based decision making on this issue will school is one of the most influential instituincrease as the pressure to promote only tions in the development of children. Taking those students who have mastered par this into consideration, counselors have a ticular skills increases, responsibility to evaluate carefully each situation in light of the research that has been done on this subject. IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS
Robust Approximation and Incremental Elicitation in Voting Protocols

While voting schemes provide an effective means for aggregating preferences, methods for the effective elicitation of voter preferences have received little attention. We address this problem by first considering approximate winner determination when incomplete voter preferences are provided. Exploiting natural scoring metrics, we use max regret to measure the quality or robustness of proposed winners, and develop polynomial time algorithms for computing the alternative with minimax regret for several popular voting rules. We then show how minimax regret can be used to effectively drive incremental preference/vote elicitation and devise several heuristics for this process. Despite worst-case theoretical results showing that most voting protocols require nearly complete voter preferences to determine winners, we demonstrate the practical effectiveness of regret-based elicitation for determining both approximate and exact winners on several real-world data sets.
Long-Term X-Ray Monitoring of 1E 1740.7–2942 and GRS 1758–258

We report on long-term observations of the Galactic bulge black hole candidates 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258 made with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer; 1E 1740.7-2942 has been observed 77 times and GRS 1758-258 has been observed 82 times over the past 1000 days. The flux of each object has varied by no more than a factor of 2.5 during this period, and the indices of the energy spectra have varied by no more than 0.4. The power spectra are similar to other black hole candidates: flat-topped noise, breaking to a power law. Each object has exhibited a brightening that lasted for several months, and we have a found a time lag between the photon power-law index and the count rate. In both sources, the spectrum is softest during the decline from the brightening. This behavior can be understood in the context of thin-disk and advection-dominated accretion flows coexisting over a wide range of radii, with the implication that both sources have low-mass companions and accrete via Roche lobe overflow.
Electron-spectroscopy study on the cause of higher breakdown strength in ethylene-styrene copolymer

It is known that electrons with energies near the ionization potential (referred to as high energy electrons in this paper) play an important role in triggering the damage process in polymeric insulators. High energy electrons break chemical bonds and create free radicals or initiate electron avalanches. However, the detailed process is not fully understood. Contradiction exists between the calculated and the measured carrier mobilities in polymers. The breakdown field of polymers is ca. 10 MVcm−1 and the band gap is ca. 10 eV. This requires an electron mobility of 100 cm2 V−1 s−1 or a mean free path in the order of 10 nm. However, the experimental mobility values are by many orders of magnitude smaller. If the existence of a mean free path in the 10 nm order could be verified, it would prove the existence of high mobility electrons in a breakdown field.