Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confirmatory factor analysis and the factor structure of Expagg in context: A reply to Forrest et al., 2002

It has been suggested that confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) can be used to investigate the construct validity of psychometric scales and Forrest et al. [2000] specifically query the factor structure of Expagg using this technique. In this paper we report unsuccessful attempts to confirm the factor structure of three widely used scales using CFA criteria. In the fourth study, a two-factor model of Expagg, which has been derived from previous studies, is tested for fit on new data. The results suggest that from a CFA point of view, Expagg is best considered as two scales measuring expressivity and instrumentality with five items on each scale. This model satisfies four of the five fit criteria (CFI = 90, GFI = .94, RMSEA = .08, ECVI = .44), failing only on the chi square test, a benchmark that has attracted criticism from statisticians. Other concerns are raised about the meaning of CFA results and their importance. Aggr. Behav. 30:146–157, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Exploring Relationships between Recurrent Binge Eating and Illicit Substance Use in a Non-Clinical Sample of Women over Two Years

(1) Background: With the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), numerous parallels have been drawn between recurrent binge eating (RBE) and substance use disorders, with many authors examining RBE or binge eating disorder (BED) as a “food addiction”. The present study aims to clarify the relationship between recurrent binge eating (RBE) and illicit substance use (ISU) through investigating the temporal association between the two problems. (2) Methods: This study was embedded within a larger longitudinal study of non-clinical adult women recruited from Australian tertiary institutions. Participants responded at year 2 and year 4 of follow-up to the Eating Disorder Examination—Questionnaire. ISU was measured using a modified questionnaire taken from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. (3) Results: RBE and ISU co-morbidity was 5.88% in this non-clinical sample, and having one condition increased the likelihood of the other. The two conditions had a different trajectory over two years whereby ISU participants had significant risk of developing RBE in addition to or in place of their ISU but the reverse was not found for RBE participants. (4) Conclusion: This unidirectional relationship suggests that in spite of the similarities of RBE and ISU they may be distinct with respect to their co-morbidity over time.
Localization of P. gingivalis in Preterm Delivery Placenta

Increasing evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although infection is considered as a risk factor for preterm delivery, the localization of oral bacteria or their antigens in chorioamnionitis placental tissue has never been demonstrated. This study was devised to test the hypothesis that periodontal pathogens may be present and affect human placenta in cases of chorioamnionitis. Using immunocytochemistry, we have identified the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens in placental tissues. The antigens were detected in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts, chorionic trophoblasts, decidual cells, and amniotic epithelial cells, as well as the vascular cells. There was a substantial increase in immunostaining intensity of the tissues sectioned from women with chorioamnionitis compared to those experiencing normalterm pregnancy, p < 0.019 (Mann‐Whitney test). These results suggest that P. gingivalis may commonly colonize placental tissue, and that the presence of the organism may contribute to preterm delivery.
Optimal control rules for scheduling job shops

In this paper, we develop the control rules for job shop scheduling based on theFlow Rate Control model. We derive optimal control results for job shops with work station in series (transfer line). We use these results to derive rules which are suboptimal, robust against random events, and easy to implement and expand.
High dose per fraction dosimetry of small fields with gafchromic EBT2 film.

PURPOSE Small field dosimetry is prone to uncertainties due to the lack of electronic equilibrium and the use of the correct detector size relative to the field size measured. It also exhibits higher sensitivity to setup errors as well as large variation in output with field size and shape. Radiochromic film is an attractive method for reference dosimetry in small fields due to its ability to provide 2D dose measurements while having minimal impact on the dose distribution. Gafchromic EBT2 has a dose range of up to 40 Gy; therefore, it could potentially be useful for high dose reference dosimetry with high spatial resolution. This is a requirement in stereotactic radiosurgery deliveries, which deliver high doses per fraction to small targets. METHODS Targets of 4 mm and 12 mm diameters were treated to a minimum peripheral dose of 21 Gy prescribed to 80% of the maximum dose in one fraction. Target doses were measured with EBT2 film (both targets) and an ion chamber (12 mm target only). Measured doses were compared with planned dose distributions using profiles through the target and minimum peripheral dose coverage. RESULTS The measured target doses and isodose coverage agreed with the planned dose within +/-1 standard deviation of three measurements, which were 2.13% and 2.5% for the 4 mm and 12 mm targets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS EBT2 film is a feasible dosimeter for high dose per fraction reference 2D dosimetry.
Postmenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy Is Not Associated With Increased Fracture Risk in Older Women

We studied whether oophorectomy performed after menopause is associated with an increased risk of hip or vertebral fractures in 6295 Study of Osteoporotic Fractures participants. There was no association between postmenopausal oophorectomy and the risk of hip or vertebral fractures.
Defining and labelling ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food

Abstract Objective To consider the use of systematic methods for categorising foods according to their nutritional quality (‘nutrient profiling’) as a strategy for promoting public health through better dietary choices. Methods We describe and discuss several well-developed approaches for categorising foods using nutrient profiling, primarily in the area of food labelling and also with respect to advertising controls. The best approach should be able to summarise and synthesise key nutritional dimensions (such as sugar, fat and salt content, energy density and portion size) in a manner that is easily applied across a variety of products, is understandable to users and can be strictly defined for regulatory purposes. Results Schemes that provide relative comparisons within food categories may have limited use, especially for foods that are not easily categorised. Most nutrient-profiling schemes do not clearly identify less-healthy foods, but are used to attract consumers towards products with supposedly better profiles. The scheme used in the UK to underpin the colour-coded ‘traffic light’ signalling on food labels, and the one used by the UK broadcasting regulator Ofcom to limit advertising to children, together represent the most developed use of nutrient profiling in government policy-making, and may have wider utility. Conclusion Nutrient profiling as a method for categorising foods according to nutritional quality is both feasible and practical and can support a number of public health-related initiatives. The development of nutrient profiling is a desirable step in support of strategies to tackle obesity and other non-communicable diseases. A uniform approach to nutrient profiling will help consumers, manufacturers and retailers in Europe.
Coping with a deviant identity

Most interactionist literature dealing with the creation of deviance focuses on one of two major areas: acquisition of a deviant identity and coping with a deviant identity. In the present paper, we explore the coping strategies used by members of a national weight control organization to deal with the devalued character of obesity. Data were gathered using the “triangulation” of direct observation, structured and unstructured interviews, and personal experience. We found five generic coping strategies used by our respondents. We call them: (1) Avoidance, (2) Compliance, (3) Reaction Formation, (4) Compensation, and (5) Accounts.
Body Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Carps under the Influence of Rice Polish and Pond Fertilization

The experiment was conducted in two earthen ponds to investigate the body composition, and fatty acid profile of carps along with growth performance by using rice polish as fish feed with urea and ammonium nitrate fertilization of pond. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mori (Cirrhinus mrigala) were stocked in the ratio of 1:2:1 respectively with total number of 40 fishes in each pond. Pond 1 was treated with urea and rice polish while pond 2 was treated with ammonium nitrate and rice polish at the rate of 0.3g Nitrogen/100g of wet body weight of fish daily. There was found highly significant difference between species and ponds in terms of growth. Highest growth in terms of gain in body weight was shown by H. molitrix in both ponds i.e. 399.0g in pond 1 and 299.9g in pond 2. Net fish production of pond 1 remained as 1311.3 kg/ha/year and pond 2 was 1104.2 kg/ha/year. Pond 1 showed 1.5 times greater fish production than pond 2. Proximate analysis of the fish meat showed that there was no significant difference in body composition of three species in both the ponds. Highest protein contents (18.04 %) were found in the meat of C. mrigala in P1 and lowest protein contents (17.16 %) were in the meat of H. molitrix in P2. There was also non-significant difference between three species in terms of fatty acid profile. The overall contents of fatty acids were highest in L. rohita as compared to other two species. Saturated fatty acids were highest in L. rohita whereas monounsaturated fatty acids were highest in C. mrigala.
Mapping Population Distribution in the Urban Environment: The Cadastral-based Expert Dasymetric System (CEDS)

This paper discusses the importance of determining an accurate depiction of total population and specific sub-population distribution for urban areas in order to develop an improved "denominator," which would enable the calculation of more correct rates in GIS analyses involving public health, crime, and urban environmental planning. Rather than using data aggregated by arbitrary administrative boundaries such as census tracts, we use dasymetric mapping, an areal interpolation method using ancillary information to delineate areas of homogeneous values. We review previous dasymetric mapping techniques (which often use remotely sensed land-cover data) and contrast them with our technique, Cadastral-based Expert Dasymetric System (CEDS), which is particularly suitable for urban areas. The CEDS method uses specific cadastral data, land-use filters, modeling by expert system routines, and validation against various census enumeration units and other data. The CEDS dasymetric mapping technique is presented through a case study of asthma hospitalizations in the Bronx, New York City, in relation to proximity buffers constructed around major sources of air pollution. The case study shows the impact that a more accurate estimation of population distribution has on a current environmental justice and health disparities research project, and the potential of CEDS for other GIS applications.
Rolling Back Prices and Raising Crime Rates? The Walmart Effect on Crime in the United States

Walmart is not an ordinary retail store — communities are impacted in significant ways by its entrance. Using various data sources and propensity-weighted multi-level modeling, this paper explores the “Walmart effect” on crime. Concentrating on the 1990s, results reveal that Walmart is located in US counties with higher crime rates, net of robust macro-level correlates of crime. Walmart selected into counties primed for the 1990s crime decline, but after accounting for endogeneity, growth of the company stunted crime declines when compared to matched counties. A Walmart-crime relationship exists. If Walmart did not build in a county, property crime rates fell by an additional 17 units per capita from the 1990s to the 2000s. A marginally statistically significant, yet stable, effect for violent crime was also observed, falling by 2 units per capita. These findings provide important theoretical implications regarding the influence of specific economic forces on aggregate crime trends and offer important implications for local governments faced with the prospect of Walmart entering their communities.
Gender, Candidate Image and Electoral Preference

Studies show that voters make judgements about politicians—their competence, honesty, warmth and so on—on the basis of physical appearance, and that these judgements can influence voting behaviour. This raises the possibility of two different gender gaps: (i) female and male candidates may be evaluated differently, ultimately affecting their relative electoral performance; and (ii) female and male voters may react differently to candidate images. We explore this using a stacked data set of evaluations of 36 UK MPs by 368 undergraduate students, and find evidence of both gender gaps. First, we confirm the persistent finding that voters assign ‘warmth’ traits to female and ‘strength’ traits to male candidates. Such stereotyping has an interesting impact on electoral preference: male candidates were judged more by warmth, female candidates more by strength, suggesting that stereotypical traits were taken for granted. Second, we find male voters more likely than female voters to see male candidates as stronger, and to prioritise strength in voting. Our results also support the view that gender and appearance heuristics are relied on most by those with little other basis for judgement, such as non-partisans. Hence, while gender effects on voting are weak when averaged across the whole electorate, they could be much stronger for (expanding) sub-groups of voters.
Ranibizumab Treatment for Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Causes Other than Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Good Baseline Visual Acuity

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report a retrospective series of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) patients treated with intravitreal ranibizumab with good baseline vision from causes other than age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 12 eyes of 12 patients with CNV secondary to non-AMD who received intravitreal ranibizumab injections. Patients with baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) above 20/63 were included in the study. All patients were followed up at least for 12 months. BCVA measurement, fundus examination, and OCT examination of the patients were performed at each visit. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photo, fundus autofluorescence, and fundus fluorescein angiography examination of the eyes were obtained. Primary outcome measures were the changing in BCVA and central foveal thickness (CFT). Any ocular or systemic side-effects were recorded. Results: The ages of patients ranged from 17 to 60. Twelve patients were diagnosed with non-AMD associated CNV: myopia (n = 3), central serous chorioretinopathy (n = 3), idiopathic (n = 2), multifocal choroiditis (n = 2), punctate inner choroidopathy (n = 1), and photo toxicity (n = 1). The improvement in visual acuity was statistically significant (p = 0.001). In the 12-month visit, all eyes had improvement in visual acuity except two eyes. The reduction of the mean CFT was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The CFT of all patients decreased in the 12-month visit. There was no significant difference in comparison of the mean intraocular pressure (p = 0.790). The group received a total of 52 intravitreal injections. The mean number of intravitreal injections was 4.3 (ranged from 3-8). Conclusion: Ranibizumab seems to be an effective and safe treatment option for CNVs secondary to non-AMD causes in patients with relatively good baseline BCVAs.
Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury after Gastric Surgery for Gastric Cancer

Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), a serious surgical complication, is common after cardiac surgery; however, reports on AKI after noncardiac surgery are limited. We sought to determine the incidence and predictive factors of AKI after gastric surgery for gastric cancer and its effects on the clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 4718 patients with normal renal function who underwent partial or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer between June 2002 and December 2011. Postoperative AKI was defined by serum creatinine change, as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guideline. Results Of the 4718 patients, 679 (14.4%) developed AKI. Length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission rates, and in-hospital mortality rate (3.5% versus 0.2%) were significantly higher in patients with AKI than in those without. AKI was also associated with requirement of renal replacement therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender; hypertension; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; hypoalbuminemia (<4 g/dl); use of diuretics, vasopressors, and contrast agents; and packed red blood cell transfusion were independent predictors for AKI after gastric surgery. Postoperative AKI and vasopressor use entailed a high risk of 3-month mortality after multiple adjustments. Conclusions AKI was common after gastric surgery for gastric cancer and associated with adverse outcomes. We identified several factors associated with postoperative AKI; recognition of these predictive factors may help reduce the incidence of AKI after gastric surgery. Furthermore, postoperative AKI in patients with gastric cancer is an important risk factor for short-term mortality.
Do Training Programs Work? An Assessment of Pharmacists Activities in the Field of Chemical Dependency

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine if a selected sample of pharmacists who had attended a chemical dependency training program were performing more chemical dependency related activities than a group of American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) members who had not had this training. Additionally, an assessment of the perceived barriers to performing chemical dependency-related activities was performed. Design: A confidential mail questionnaire was sent to 305 Utah School participants and 305 APhA members who had not participated in the program (See Appendix). Results: Respondents who had received educational training in chemical dependency were more likely to perform the following activities: lecture to community groups and health care professionals about chemical dependency, participate in a pharmacists' recovery program, provide patients with information about treatment centers, and counsel patients about the alcohol in over-the-counter products. Respondents who had not received chemical dependency training indicated that the following barriers prevented them from taking amore active role in the chemical dependency field: lack of knowledge of chemical dependency resources in the community, unaware of how to get involved with the state recovery program, belief that involvement in the state recovery program would hurt their professional reputation, belief that chemically dependent individuals cannot be rehabilitated, and uncomfortable working with chemically dependent patients. Conclusions: Pharmacists who have attended substance abuse training programs are performing more chemical dependency activities than pharmacists who have not received training in chemical dependency. In addition, different barriers to performing chemical dependency related activities exist between pharmacists with and without training in this field.
The Kuznets Curve for the Environment and Economic Growth: Examining the Evidence

Recent research has examined the relationship between certain indicators of environmental quality and income, concluding on the basis of econometric estimation that in some cases an inverted-U relationship, which has been called an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), exists between these variables. There has been speculation on the implications of this for economic and environmental policy. In this paper I examine this research as a whole and find that unequivocal evidence for an EKC relationship is very scant; that there are important indicators which show a monotonically increasing relationship; that even where there may be an EKC relationship, most of the world's population is still on the section of the curve that is increasing, so that growth in income on the basis of this relationship would result in considerable further environmental damage; and that reviews of overall environmental quality even in the richest countries show that it is still declining. I conclude that from the point of view of environmental sustainability the income—environment relationship is still very problematic and that determined environmental policy will be required if future income growth is to be compatible with sustainable development.
Temperature-Insensitive High-Speed Directly Modulated 1.55- $\mu \text{m}$  Quantum Dot Lasers

Modulation properties and temperature stability of short cavity ridge waveguide lasers based on high-quality InAs quantum dots exhibiting a total modal gain of ~90 cm-1 are reported. The 338-μm-long lasers show a threshold current of 20 mA at room temperature and an output powers of up to 36 mW. A maximum small signal modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz was obtained at 14 °C, which degrades to 13 GHz at 60 °C and 8 GHz at 80 °C. Digital modulation at 25 Gb/s between 15 °C and 50 °C was obtained with clear open eyes under constant drive conditions (dc and ac). The maximum data rates of 32 and 35 Gb/s were obtained for 338- and 230-μm-long lasers, respectively, at 14 °C.
Incidence and Survival Analysis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Shanghai: A Population-Based Study from 2001 to 2010

Objectives. A population-based study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in Shanghai, especially the incidence and the preliminary exploration of survival. Methods. A total of 1923 patients with GISTs diagnosed from 2001 to 2010 in Shanghai were reviewed. The annual incidence and overall survival of GISTs were calculated; Cox proportional hazards' regression was used to analyze several prognostic factors. Results. The average crude incidence of GISTs was 2.11 per 100,000 between 2004 and 2008, and the age-standardized incidence was 1.28 per 100,000. The incidence increased gradually from 2004 to 2008. In addition, 57% of cases had GIST in the stomach and 33% in the intestine. The 5-year overall survival of GISTs was 86.98%. The Cox regression analysis showed older age (≥65 yr versus <40 yr, HR = 5.085; (40, 65) yr versus <40 yr, HR = 1.975), male gender (HR = 1.474), and tumor locations (intestinal versus stomach, HR = 1.609) were predictors of its mortality. Conclusion. GISTs, mainly occurring in the stomach, are more common in elderly population, with an increasing incidence from 2004 to 2008. Older age, male gender, and tumor locations are risk factors for its mortality.