Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Managerial Capabilities

The dynamic managerial capabilities literature has developed over the past decade to the point where a review and synthesis of relevant literature can move the scholarly conversation forward. The concept of dynamic managerial capabilities—the capabilities with which managers create, extend, and modify the ways in which firms make a living—helps to explain the relationship between the quality of managerial decisions, strategic change, and organizational performance. We clarify theoretical constructs and their relationships, review and synthesize empirical research on the role and impact of managerial capabilities directed toward strategic change, and suggest avenues for future research. Our review begins with an overview of theoretical conceptions of dynamic managerial capabilities. Then we organize the remainder of the review around the three core underpinnings of dynamic managerial capabilities: managerial cognition, managerial social capital, and managerial human capital. In our review, we examine evidence from studies of dynamic managerial capabilities and reinterpret evidence prior to the introduction of the dynamic managerial capabilities concept through that lens. Consistent with the dynamic managerial capabilities concept, empirical research shows that managers differ in their impact on strategic change and firm performance and that differences in managerial cognition, social capital, and human capital lead to different outcomes.
Morphometric study of the testes of the Nigerian local breed of chicken

Data from 10 adult male Nigerian local breed of chicken were used to investigate the morphometry of the testis. The mean live weight of the birds as well as testes weights were obtained, and testes samples subjected to histological preparations for light microscopy. The mean live weight of the birds and testes weights were 977g and 6.3g respectively, with a gonadosomatic index of 1.1%. The dimensions of the testes were 5.30cm and 2.70cm for the length and width respectively. The volume densities were 96.6% and 3.4% for the seminiferous tubules and intertubular compartments respectively, out of which Leydig cells occupied 1.4%. The seminiferous tubular diameter was 158.40 µm while tubular lengths per testis and per gram of testis were 308 and 49 meters respectively. The number of Leydig cells per testis and per gram of testis were 2.1 billion and 340 million respectively while the number of sertoli cells per testis and per gram of testis were 2 billion and 300 million respectively. These data obtained, tend to suggest that the Nigerian local breed of chicken has high spermatogenic efficiency.
cAMP-responding Element-binding Protein and c-Ets1 Interact in the Regulation of ATP-dependent MUC5AC Gene Expression*

Exogenous ATP activates purinoreceptors on the cell surface that regulate diverse cellular functions, including mucous cell secretion in the respiratory epithelium. In this study, ATP increased MUC5AC mRNA in primary human nasal epithelial cells and in NCI-H292 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. ATP-induced MUC5AC mRNA was mediated by phospholipase Cβ3. A dominant-negative mutation in the PDZ binding domain of PLCβ3 inhibited ATP-induced MUC5AC gene expression. ATP sequentially activated the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38, RSK1, and cAMP-responding element-binding protein (CREB) in a protein kinase C-independent manner. ATP-induced MUC5AC mRNA levels were regulated by CREB via direct interaction with c-Ets1 on the MUC5AC gene promoter (located –938 to –930). Effects of CREB and c-Ets1 were additive. Inhibition of either CREB or c-Ets1 inhibited ATP-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Stimulation with ATP caused the direct binding of CREB and c-Ets1 to the MUC5AC promoter, increasing the phosphorylation of c-Ets1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that in the presence of ATP, both c-Ets1 and CREB bound to the MUC5AC promoter. The effects of exogenous ATP on MUC5AC gene expression are mediated by a complex regulatory cascade controlling interactions between CREB and c-Ets1 that bind to a promoter element in the MUC5AC gene enhancing MUC5AC gene transcription. ATP-dependent activation of MUC5AC gene expression via CREB-c-Ets1 may contribute to mucous cell hypersecretion associated with common respiratory disorders.
A Temporary Decline of Thinking Ability During Foreign Language Processing

It was predicted that the use of a foreign language should cause a temporary decline of thinking ability because the heavier processing load imposed by a foreign language than by a native language should produce stronger interference with thinking to be performed concurrently. A divided-attention experiment with Japanese-English and English-Japanese bilinguals confirmed this prediction: performance in a thinking task (i.e., calculation) declined when a concurrent linguistic task (i.e., question-answering) had to be performed in their respective foreign languages. This decline is distinguished from foreign language processing difficulty per se because the thinking task involved no foreign language use. The decline was also observed in another divided-attention experiment employing a different type of thinking task, that is, spatial reasoning problems adopted from intelligence tests.
The Effects of Operational and Emotional Mental Stress on the Cardiovascular Response

This study investigates the effects of operational stress and emotional stress on the cardiovascular response. Eighteen female college students completed two stress tasks: a mirror-tracing task (which represented operational stress) and a speech-preparation task (which represented emotional stress). The intensity of the stress tasks was evaluated. The heart rate and blood pressure of the subjects were also recorded. The results indicated that the stress intensity was not significantly different between two tasks. However, in the mirror-tracing task, high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) and the R-R interval were significantly decreased in comparison to in the baseline. In the speech-preparation task, the R-R interval showed significant reduction and the low frequency LF/HF ratio, as well as the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, was significantly increased, in comparison to in the baseline. These results suggested that different changes of the autonomic nerve tone were induced by two stress tasks with the same subjective intensity. Furthermore, the results indicate that sympathetic and parasympathetic activities do not simply work in an antagonistic manner.
A Case Study of an Athlete's Experience of Multiple Change-Events Moving Between Team and Individual Sports

The purpose of this case study was to understand the personal experience of a female athlete (aged 24 years) undergoing a significant change-event from a team sport (rugby) to an individual sport (weightlifting) at an elite level. Two in-depth informal interviews were conducted. A number of change-events were experienced in several contexts, including a change of sports, a change in academic status, and a reoccurring injury. The findings provided empirical support for the use of the scheme of change for sport psychology practice (Samuel & Tenenbaum, 2011a) for understanding the change process and the associated coping strategies athletes may adopt.
The Causal Attributions of Teaching Staff Towards Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Comparison of Vignettes Depicting Challenging Behaviour with Real Incidents of Challenging Behaviour

Background We examined whether staff attributions, emotions and helping behaviours in reaction to ‘real’ incidents of challenging behaviour (CB) exhibited by children with intellectual disabilities were different from reactions to ‘vignettes’. We also examined whether these reactions are congruent with that predicted by attribution theory. Methods Using a repeated measures design, 60 staff working with children who have severe intellectual disabilities completed measures of cognition, emotion and helping behaviour in reaction to a ‘real’ incident of CB, and then completed the same measures in reaction to reading a ‘vignette’, that was matched to the ‘real’ incident of CB. There was a 2-week interval between the completion of measures in response to the ‘real’ incident of CB and the ‘vignette’. Results Correlational support was found for Weiner’s (1980) cognitive–emotional–action model of helping behaviour for measures completed in reaction to the ‘real’ incident of CB, regarding attributions of control only, but not for the ‘vignette’. There were significant differences between the correlations detected using ‘real’ incidents of CB in comparison to ‘vignettes’. Little evidence was found using both methods to support Weiner’s (1979) model of achievement motivation. Conclusions The results suggest that the relationships between constructs investigated using ‘vignettes’ is different from that detected when using ‘real’ incidents of CB, which has implications for psychological research that has used ‘vignettes’.
Isolation and characterization of human apolipoprotein M-containing lipoproteins Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 8, 2006.

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein with unknown function. In this study, we established a method for isolating apoM-containing lipoproteins and studied their composition and the effect of apoM on HDL function. ApoM-containing lipoproteins were isolated from human plasma with immunoaffinity chromatography and compared with lipoproteins lacking apoM. The apoM-containing lipoproteins were predominantly of HDL size; ∼5% of the total HDL population contained apoM. Mass spectrometry showed that the apoM-containing lipoproteins also contained apoJ, apoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, paraoxonase 1, and apoB. ApoM-containing HDL (HDLapoM+) contained significantly more free cholesterol than HDL lacking apoM (HDLapoM−) (5.9 ± 0.7% vs. 3.2 ± 0.5%; P < 0.005) and was heterogeneous in size with both small and large particles. HDLapoM+ inhibited Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL and stimulated cholesterol efflux from THP-1 foam cells more efficiently than HDLapoM−. In conclusion, our results suggest that apoM is associated with a small heterogeneous subpopulation of HDL particles. Nevertheless, apoM designates a subpopulation of HDL that protects LDL against oxidation and stimulates cholesterol efflux more efficiently than HDL lacking apoM.
A (Re)Conceived Feminist Paradigm for Public Relations: A Case for Substantial Improvement

This article advances a feminist paradigm for public relations scholarship by (re)conceptualizing the concepts of gender, power, and diversity as discursive practices that construct the meaning of public relations. These three concepts are then applied to the body of work on organization-public relationships. The article posits that the current feminist paradigm retains androcentric bias. By transforming the way that the paradigm is practiced, general theory and knowledge are enriched. The reconceptualizations put forth in this article are useful for communication scholarship in general and can be used as a model for feminist research in other domains of communication.
Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Complex I Syndrome in Parkinson ́s Disease

1.1 Clinical characteristics of Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an old-age neurodegenerative disease with a small but significant genetic risk. The prevalence of PD is of 0.3% in the whole population, affecting more than 1% of the humans over 60 years of age (de Lau & Breteler, 2006). Parkinson s disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substancia nigra, striatum body and brain cortex. In addition, αsynuclein-positive Lewy bodies in brainstem and neocortex are consistently found at autopsy (Forno, 1996; Jellinger & Mizuno, 2003). Therefore, in patients with PD, movements, sleep, autonomic functions and cognition become progressively impaired. Complex factors contribute to the appearance of PD but with a constant mitochondrial involvement and a decreased capacity to produce energy (ATP) in the affected brain areas (Shapira, 1998; Shapira, 2008). Mitochondrial dysfunction in the human frontal cortex is to be considered a factor contributing to impaired cognition in PD.
Oneness versus Diversity in Legal and Economic Institutions : The Spanish Stock markets , 1831-1936

The paper analyses the development of regulation and microstructure of stock markets in Spain until the Spanish Civil War. It examines the transfer of French legislation in the 1830s and its implications for the final configuration of the regulatory framework. It studies the choice and bargaining processes, the law enforcement and the configuration of a mixed system: an étatiste model in Madrid and Bilbao, a free market in Barcelona, and small traditional markets in the rest of the country. It shows that different models of financial intermediation could coexist to meet the different needs of each specific region.
A 640-Mb/s 2048-bit programmable LDPC decoder chip

A 14.3-mm/sup 2/ code-programmable and code-rate tunable decoder chip for 2048-bit low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The chip implements the turbo-decoding message-passing (TDMP) algorithm for architecture-aware (AA-)LDPC codes which has a faster convergence rate and hence a throughput advantage over the standard decoding algorithm. It employs a reduced complexity message computation mechanism free of lookup tables, and features a programmable network for message interleaving based on the code structure. The chip decodes any mix of 2048-bit rate-1/2 (3,6)-regular AA-LDPC codes in standard mode by programming the network, and attains a throughput of 640 Mb/s at 125 MHz for 10 TDMP-decoding iterations. In augmented mode, the code rate can be tuned up to 14/16 in steps of 1/16 by augmenting the code. The chip is fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m six-metal-layer CMOS technology, operates at a peak clock frequency of 125 MHz at 1.8 V (nominal), and dissipates an average power of 787 mW.
The association of bacterial vaginosis and preterm labor.

INTRODUCTION To determine the relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm labour. METHOD In this study 160 labouring women admitted in Bahonar Hospital were studied for the presence of bacterial vaginosis based on the presence of clue cells. Control group consisted of 80 women with the gestational age of more than 38 weeks and the case group consisted of 80 women with the gestational age of 20-37 weeks. The two groups were compared in regard to the presence of bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS In the study group 25% of subjects with preterm labour had bacterial vaginosis, while in the control group only 11.3% had symptoms of bacterial vaginosis that shows a significant difference (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Bacterial vaginosis can induce preterm labor. Therefore the screening of high-risk women for bacterial vaginosis is highly recommended.
Disengaging From Gangs and Desistance From Crime

We study the relationship between disengagement from gangs and desistance from crime within a life-course criminological framework. Gang disengagement is conceptualized as the event of gang membership de-identification and the process of declining gang embeddedness. We examine the effects of both the event and the process of disengaging from gangs on (1) criminal desistance mechanisms and (2) criminal offending using longitudinal data and multilevel modeling. We find that disengaging from gangs is indirectly related to offending through less exposure to antisocial peers, less unstructured routine activities, less victimization, and more temperance. Gang disengagement is associated with decreased contemporaneous offending but does not predict future offending after controlling for desistance mechanisms. Evidence also suggests that those who leave gangs more quickly are less exposed to antisocial peers, and possess better work histories and psychosocial characteristics even while in the gang. We discuss implications for research on gangs and criminal desistance.
A Study of Irrational Judgments

T HERE is an important difference of opinion among social scientists concerning whether human behavior is "rational" or "irrational. " Traditionally, economic theory has been based on an assumption that behavior is "rational," in a specific sense to be defined shortly, whereas most psychological and sociological theory insists that behavior is, at least largely, "irrational. " Some of the more advanced workers in psychiatry and anthropology have been discovering that much of what superficially appears to be "irrational," in terms of what the outside observer considers to be the interests of the subject or the information available to him, is really "rational" when certain premises of thought-often repressed or at least hidden-are taken into consideration. These newer discoveries pose for research the question of whether human behavior is ever "irrational" in terms of the value judgments held by the individual or the group and the information available to them. This question remains a crucial one for the economic theory of choice, and its resolution will strongly influence the future direction of economic theory, as well as the relationship of economics to the other social sciences. Some writers in econometrics have claimed that most of the empirical assumptions of the older economists can now be abandoned but that the assumption of rationality is still crucial and must be so, or economics can be nothing more than a descriptive science of the sort envisioned by the institutionalists. By "rationality" they usually mean in effect "transitivity,"2 or an internally coherent choice pattern such that if an individual chooses A in preference to B, and B in preference to C, then he will choose A in preference to C.3 The relationship need not logically be that of preference, although it always is in economics. Edwards cites the extensive economic literature in which it is demonstrated that transitivity of preferences (for commodity bundles) is a necessity for conventional economic theory. The psychological assumption behind
Introducing objects in spoken dialogue: The influence of conversational setting and cognitive load on the articulation and use of referring expressions

In this paper we report the results of a study to investigate the influence of conversational setting and cognitive load (as implemented by time pressure) on the introduction of new information in two-party spontaneous dialogues. We show that for a collaborative problem-solving task, The Map Task, cognitive load and conversational setting influenced the way interlocutors collaborated with one another when introducing objects into a discourse. Interlocutors used fewer question-form introductions followed by an informative response in a video-mediated conversational setting (compared with a face-to-face setting), and under time pressure (compared with no pressure of time). In contrast, speakers tended to articulate words referring to the same object more quickly on repetition irrespective of the conversational setting or the cognitive load associated with the task. The findings of this study are interpreted in terms of a dual-process account of speech production (Bard et al., 2000).
Validation Studies of the PEPSS, a Measure of Perceived Emotional Support for Use with Adolescents

The validity of a self-report measure of emotional support, the Perceived Emotionall Personal Support Scale (PEPSS), was investigated in two studies of middle and late adolescents. The PEPSS asks respondents to nominate nine social network members and then to rate each of these relationships on four emotional support items. Factor-analytic techniques were used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed subscale structure of the measure, and both the predictive and the concurrent validity of PEPSS subscales were investigated. Weak but significant correlations were found between family support and a measure of depressive symptoms completed 6 months later. Family and friend subscales of the PEPSS were highly correlated with the family and friend sections of another measure of perceived emotional support. Results of the two studies suggest that the PEPSS may be a useful research instrument for future investigations of emotional support from family members and friends among adolescents.
The effect of food intake on gene expression in human peripheral blood

Human gene expression traits have been shown to be dependent on gender, age and time of day in blood and other tissues. However, other factors that may impact gene expression have not been systematically explored. For example, in studies linking blood gene expression to obesity related traits, whether the fasted or fed state will be the most informative is an open question. Here, we employed a two-arm cross-over design to perform a genome-wide survey of gene expression in human peripheral blood to address explicitly this type of question. We were able to distinguish expression changes due to individual and time-specific effects from those due to food intake. We demonstrate that the transcriptional response to food intake is robust by constructing a classifier from the gene expression traits with >90% accuracy classifying individuals as being in the fasted or fed state. Gene expression traits that were best able to discriminate the fasted and fed states were more heritable and achieved greater coherence with respect to pathways associated with metabolic traits. The connectivity structure among gene expression traits was explored in the context of coexpression networks. Changes in the connectivity structure were observed between the fasted and fed states. We demonstrate that differential expression and differential connectivity are two complementary ways to characterize changes between fasted and fed states. Both gene sets were significantly enriched for genes associated with obesity related traits. Our results suggest that the pair of fasted/fed blood expression profiles provide more comprehensive information about an individual's metabolic states.
Letter to the EditorA note on the platelet count in Thai vegans

Vegetarianism is a classical lifestyle in some Asian populations. It is a healthy option but it is very important to have a well-balanced diet. It appears that the adoption of a vegan diet leads to favourable changes in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, there are some notable effects on the haematological system and mild iron deficiency anaemia can be seen in a quarter of subjects. There are only a limited reports on the platelet count in vegans and the conclusion is controversial. We performed a study to compare the platelet count in strict vegans and controls. A total of 50 subjects were included in this study. The first group comprised 25 Mahayana Buddhist monks, who are strict vegetarians (vegans) according to their religious regulations. The second group comprised 25 Hinayana Buddhist monks, who are not vegans. An EDTA blood sample was taken from each subject and the platelet count determined using an automated haematology analyzer (Bayer Technicon H3). The mean SD platelet count of the vegans (288.46 81.42 10/ml) was not significant different (P>0.05) from that of the non-vegans (292.48 74.52 10/ml). Our results do not agree with the previous report of Obeid et al., which reported significant lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, relating to vitamin B12 deficiency, in vegans. They do support the finding of a null effect of vegetarianism on platelet count in the study reported by Pongstaporn and Bunyaratavej.