Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupying the Principal Position: Examining Relationships Between Transformational Leadership, Social Network Position, and Schools’ Innovative Climate

Throughout the world, educational policy makers, practitioners, and scholars have acknowledged the importance of principal leadership in the generation and implementation of innovations. In many studies, transformational leadership has emerged as a promising approach in response to increasing demands to develop and implement innovations in schools. Although research has suggested that having access to leaders with expertise can significantly stimulate innovation, the link between transformational leadership and principals’ social network position has not yet been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between principals’ positions in their schools’ social networks in combination with transformational leadership and schools’ innovative climate. It was conducted among 702 teachers and 51 principals in 51 elementary schools in a large educational system in the Netherlands. Using social network analysis and multilevel analysis, the authors analyzed a quantitative questionnaire with social network questions on work-related and personal advice and Likert-type scales for transformational leadership and innovative climate. Findings indicated that transformational leadership was positively associated with schools’ innovative climate. Principals’ social network position, in terms of centrality, was also related to schools’ innovative climate. The more principals were sought for professional and personal advice, and the more closely connected they were to their teachers, the more willing teachers were to invest in change and the creation of new knowledge and practices. Moreover, work-related closeness centrality was found to mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative climate. Implications of the study are discussed.
Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine.

BACKGROUND In a phase 1-2 trial of albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus gemcitabine, substantial clinical activity was noted in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. We conducted a phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety of the combination versus gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with a Karnofsky performance-status score of 70 or more (on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better performance status) to nab-paclitaxel (125 mg per square meter of body-surface area) followed by gemcitabine (1000 mg per square meter) on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks or gemcitabine monotherapy (1000 mg per square meter) weekly for 7 of 8 weeks (cycle 1) and then on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks (cycle 2 and subsequent cycles). Patients received the study treatment until disease progression. The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were progression-free survival and overall response rate. RESULTS A total of 861 patients were randomly assigned to nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (431 patients) or gemcitabine (430). The median overall survival was 8.5 months in the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine group as compared with 6.7 months in the gemcitabine group (hazard ratio for death, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62 to 0.83; P<0.001). The survival rate was 35% in the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine group versus 22% in the gemcitabine group at 1 year, and 9% versus 4% at 2 years. The median progression-free survival was 5.5 months in the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine group, as compared with 3.7 months in the gemcitabine group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.82; P<0.001); the response rate according to independent review was 23% versus 7% in the two groups (P<0.001). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were neutropenia (38% in the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine group vs. 27% in the gemcitabine group), fatigue (17% vs. 7%), and neuropathy (17% vs. 1%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 3% versus 1% of the patients in the two groups. In the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine group, neuropathy of grade 3 or higher improved to grade 1 or lower in a median of 29 days. CONCLUSIONS In patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rate, but rates of peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression were increased. (Funded by Celgene; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00844649.).
A funcionalidade e o desempenho do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES entre pesquisadores das áreas de Comunicação e Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Bahia

The research attempts to define parameters and criteria that allow to study and survey the functionality and the performance of electronic resources regarding their interface with users. A selected group of researchers of the areas of Communication and Information Science of the Federal University of Bahia was investigated. According to the results CAPES Journal Gateway has a good performance, although it needs some essential improvements in the layout and also in its usability and readability.
Kalman-inspired distributed set-membership observers

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for distributed set-membership observation based on zonotopes. The method is able to estimate the dynamics of non-directly measured unstable modes. The distributed observer gains are optimally chosen to minimize the Frobenius norm of the prediction zonotope. The simulations show that the performance of the proposed distributed observation technique is comparable to that of a centralized observer.
Imprinting Effects of Founding Core Teams on HR Values in New Ventures

Using the upper echelon perspective and imprinting arguments as key theoretical lenses, this paper examines how characteristics of new venture core teams influence internal consistency and distinctiveness of human resources (HR) values at the early–growth stage of the firm. We found that shared organizational experience among founding core team members positively predicts internal consistency and distinctiveness of the dominant HR values, whereas functional diversity positively predicts distinctiveness of these values. Contrary to our prediction, when the levels of both prior shared organizational experience and functional diversity are high, positive effects turned negative, indicating more complex interaction effects between the two team characteristics.
The role of the cerebellum in saccadic adaptation as a window into neural mechanisms of motor learning

How does the nervous system guide the muscular periphery during the acquisition of a new motor skill? This is a fundamental question for researchers trying to understand the neural basis of motor learning. Recent advances in studying a valuable example of short‐term motor learning, namely the adaptation of saccadic eye movements, have revealed neuronal processes in the cerebellum that underlie the unfolding of the learned behavior. In this review, we describe the latest findings from electrophysiology studies of saccadic adaptation and how they can generalize to more elaborate examples of cerebellum‐dependent adaptation of movements. We focus our discussion on the plastic changes that are observed in the firing properties of Purkinje cells during the acquisition of the wanted motor response and describe how the altered activity of these neurons modifies the dynamics of the cerebellar microcircuitry. We finally demonstrate how such task‐related modifications in the cerebellum are appropriate to fine‐tune extracerebellar pre‐motor structures and induce the learned behavior.
An evaluation of the benefits of relapse prevention programs with sexual offenders

Recent outcome data are reviewed and an attempt is made to compare treatment programs having either no relapse prevention (RP) features, only the internal management component of RP, or both internal management and the external supervisory components of RP. Presently available data are limited. Although treatment seems to produce effects, these benefits do not appear to be enhanced by the addition of elaborate internal management or by the provision of extensive RP aftercare procedures.
Can the introduction of an inclusion index move a system forward?

This paper describes the moves towards greater inclusion in the Hong Kong education system and the problems that have arisen from those moves. It then describes the introduction of an adapted version of the Index for Inclusion, called the Indicators for Inclusion in Hong Kong, in order to stimulate greater progress. As the adapted Hong Kong Indicators for Inclusion are developed in a unique education culture and based on a particular notion of inclusion, it may be of interest to international readers to see the impact of culture differences in shaping the Indicators. Further, the Hong Kong Indicators for Inclusion are connected with school self‐evaluation and performance standards. The interaction between inclusion and school evaluation will be explored. The paper questions the use of the indicator system to drive inclusion in Hong Kong and the assumptions regarding the capacity of schools for self‐review.
UDP-Glucuronic Acid Decarboxylases of Bacteroides fragilis and Their Prevalence in Bacteria

ABSTRACT Xylose is rarely described as a component of bacterial glycans. UDP-xylose is the nucleotide-activated form necessary for incorporation of xylose into glycans and is synthesized by the decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA). Enzymes with UDP-GlcA decarboxylase activity include those that lead to the formation of UDP-xylose as the end product (Uxs type) and those synthesizing UDP-xylose as an intermediate (ArnA and RsU4kpxs types). In this report, we identify and confirm the activities of two Uxs-type UDP-GlcA decarboxylases of Bacteroides fragilis, designated BfUxs1 and BfUxs2. Bfuxs1 is located in a conserved region of the B. fragilis genome, whereas Bfuxs2 is in the heterogeneous capsular polysaccharide F (PSF) biosynthesis locus. Deletion of either gene separately does not result in the loss of a detectable phenotype, but deletion of both genes abrogates PSF synthesis, strongly suggesting that they are functional paralogs and that the B. fragilis NCTC 9343 PSF repeat unit contains xylose. UDP-GlcA decarboxylases are often annotated incorrectly as NAD-dependent epimerases/dehydratases; therefore, their prevalence in bacteria is underappreciated. Using available structural and mutational data, we devised a sequence pattern to detect bacterial genes encoding UDP-GlcA decarboxylase activity. We identified 826 predicted UDP-GlcA decarboxylase enzymes in diverse bacterial species, with the ArnA and RsU4kpxs types confined largely to proteobacterial species. These data suggest that xylose, or a monosaccharide requiring a UDP-xylose intermediate, is more prevalent in bacterial glycans than previously appreciated. Genes encoding BfUxs1-like enzymes are highly conserved in Bacteroides species, indicating that these abundant intestinal microbes may synthesize a conserved xylose-containing glycan.
ρ meson unpolarized generalized parton distributions with a light-front constituent quark model

We study $\rho$ meson unpolarized generalized parton distributions based on a light-front constituent quark model where the quark-antiquark-meson vertex is constructed under the symmetric loop momentum convention. The form factors and some other low-energy observables of the $\rho$ meson are calculated. Moreover, the contributions to the form factors and generalized parton distributions from the valence and nonvalence regimes are discussed and analyzed in detail. In the forward limit, the usual structure functions are estimated as well. In addition, by evolving the moments of the obtained structure functions to the scale of the lattice calculation, we give the factorization scale of our quark model. It is found that the present phenomenological model is reasonable to describe the general properties of $\rho$ meson.
What makes a successful peer-led aphasia support group?

Background: People with aphasia frequently report reduced social networks as well as a desire for increased social interaction. Individuals with aphasia and speech-language pathologists have identified peer support as an important component of adjusting to post-stroke changes and learning to live successfully with aphasia. Peer-led aphasia support groups can provide greater, long-term access to peer support and social communication opportunities for people with aphasia and their families. However, more research is needed to facilitate their development and sustainability in local communities. Aims: The primary aim of this study was to identify the core components of a successful peer-led aphasia support group from the perspective of people with aphasia and their family members. A second aim of the study was to explore the information and support needs of peer leaders in starting and running a group. Methods & Procedures: The qualitative research approach of focused ethnography was used to understand and interpret the functioning of peer-led aphasia support groups in the community. Twenty-six people, who were attending a peer-led aphasia support group, participated in the study. Participants comprised 19 people with aphasia (mean age 64.8 ± 12.9) and seven family members (mean age 58.3 ± 9.0), including three peer leaders. Data were collected from the following sources: participant observation; focus group discussion; individual interview; and written artefacts. Thematic analysis of the focus group and interview transcripts was conducted, while field notes and written artefacts were used in triangulation of the identified themes. Outcomes & Results: The findings indicate that a number of themes are important for the successful functioning of a peer-led aphasia support group, including friendship, informality, a supportive communication environment, providing support and practical considerations for the timing and location of meetings. Factors that facilitated peer leaders to start and run groups included informational support, practical support, attracting new members, time and organisation, and particular personal qualities. Conclusions: The findings confirm the positive and empowering nature of peer-led aphasia support groups that provide opportunities for developing genuine friendships and authentic communicative interactions in a supportive environment. Results of the study provide useful guidelines to assist people with aphasia in developing and sustaining peer-led aphasia support groups in the community.
Social Processes and Knowledge Building During Small Group Interaction in a School Science Project

The aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of symmetry of knowledge-based roles for knowledge construction and sharing in social interaction during the report writing phase of an experimental science learning project. A group of four 9th grade students in a Finnish comprehensive school (15-16-year-olds) participated in a project involving laboratory experiments, reading literature and analysing and reporting research findings. The empirical data were collected through videotaping and interviews in authentic classroom settings. In the data four patterns of interaction were identified, which differed in terms of their symmetry of knowledge-based roles and nature of the talk. The context of high level collaboration was realized in the framework of joint critical knowledge building, where students had equal knowledge-based roles and close relationships. The discussion was, however, mostly uncritical in its nature, partly due to the evident social inconvenience between some group members.
Conditional Probabilities and Contingency Space Analysis: A Statistical Overview of the Relationship Between Student Behavior and Teacher Consequence

Submitted to the graduate degree program in Psychology and Research in Education and the Faculty of the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dissertation Committee: ________________________________ Co-Chairperson: Florence DiGennaro Reed ________________________________ Co-Chairperson: Matthew Reynolds ________________________________ Debra Kamps ________________________________ Julia Shaftel ________________________________ Patricia Lowe ________________________________ Meagan Patterson
The Critical Period Hypothesis: A coat of many colours

Abstract Research on age-related effects in L2 development often invokes the idea of a critical period – the postulation of which is customarily referred to as the Critical Period Hypothesis. This paper argues that to speak in terms of the Critical Period Hypothesis is misleading, since there is a vast amount of variation in the way in which the critical period for language acquisition is understood – affecting all the parameters deemed to be theoretically significant and indeed also relating to the ways in which the purported critical period is interpreted in terms of its implications for L2 instruction. The paper concludes that the very fact that there are such diverse and competing versions of the Critical Period Hypothesis of itself undermines its plausibility.
Gendered Identities in the Work of Overseas Tour Reps

Gender construction within the tourism and leisure industry is under-researched. In this article, we draw on empirical research on overseas tour reps to consider the ways in which men and women working alongside each other in the same feminized role ‘do gender’. In particular we explore how these workers deal with the particular dilemmas of the sexualization of women at work and the men reps’ potential threat to their heterosexuality, in a role where the boundaries between work and play are ambiguous. We argue that reps reveal masculinities and femininities that comply with traditional expectations. Young men reps are portrayed in ‘laddish’ terms in relation to their engagement with alcohol and sexual relationships with guests. Women reps emphasize their role as providers of emotional labour and taking control of guests’ perceptions and report refraining from sexual relationships with guests. Even within the same work role in this case study, men and women appear to construct different work identities.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Judgment: A Constructive Critique

Lawrence Kohlberg's work on moral judgment posits a typology of six hierarchical stages which form a Piagetian developmental sequence. The last two stages have occasioned luidespread controversy in developmental psychology because of their rarity and the claim that they represent morally and structurally higher forms of reasoning. In this article, John Gibbs distinguishes between naturalistic and existential themes in modern psychology and outlines the empirical criteria that identify a naturalistic or Piagetian sequence. He then argues that the first four stages of Kohlberg's typology meet the criteria for a naturalistic developmental sequence but the higher stages instead appear to be existential or reflective extensions of earlier stages. The conclusions Gibbs reaches have considerable significance for clarifying the relationships between the highest forms of moral and social thought and development, experience, and education.
Time Dependent Wave Packet Study of the H-+ H2 Nonreactive Scattering

Time dependent wave packet calculations have been performed for the H-+ H2nonreactive scattering, summed of elastic and inelastic probabilities, on the recent reported potential energy surface of the systems. The total probabilities for total angular momentum J up to 35 have been calculated to get the converged integral cross sections over collision energy range of 0.20 - 1.42 eV. Integral cross-sections and rate constants have been calculated from the wave packet transition probabilities for the initial states (υ = 0, j = 0) by means of J-shifting method and uniform J-shifting method for J > 0.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Aspirin and Clopidogrel Co-Therapy

Introduction: The major complication of aspirin and clopidogrel (A+C) co-therapy is upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, data are unavailable for real-life situations. Furthermore, the treatment effect of antisecretory agents is unknown. Aim: This cohort study aimed to determine the occurrence of UGIB. The treatment effect of H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was also analyzed. Method: The records of 987 consecutive patients on A+C co-therapy between January 2001 and September 2006 were analyzed. The follow-up ended on the dates of a first occurrence of UGIB, stopping A+C co-therapy, a change in the antisecretory class, death, or March 2007. Results: After a follow-up of 5.8 ± 6.5 months, UGIB occurred in 39 (4.0%) patients. PPI, H2RA and control were prescribed in 213, 287 and 487 patients respectively. After adjustment for age, dose of aspirin, previous UGIB and duration of treatment, the risk was marginally reduced by H2RA (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.18–0.91, p = 0.04) and significantly reduced by PPI (OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.002–0.21, p = 0.002), as compared to control. Conclusion: The occurrence of UGIB associated with A+C co-therapy for a median of 5.8 months was 4.0%. Co-prescription with PPI was associated with a lower risk.
Does Mode Matter For Modeling Political Choice? Evidence From the 2005 British Election Study

Although political scientists have begun to investigate the properties of Internet surveys, much remains to be learned about the utility of the Internet mode for conducting major survey research projects such as national election studies. This paper addresses this topic by presenting the results of an extensive survey comparison experiment conducted as part of the 2005 British Election Study. Analyses show statistically significant, but generally small, differences in distributions of key explanatory variables in models of turnout and party choice. Estimating model parameters reveals that there are few statistically significant differences between coefficients generated using the in-person and Internet data, and the relative explanatory power of rival models is virtually identical for the two types of data. In general, the in-person and Internet data tell very similar stories about what matters for turnout and party preference in Britain. Determining if similar findings obtain in other countries should have high priority on the research agenda for national election studies.
Perceived support and work attitudes among Korean fitness club employees.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between perceived support and affective commitment and the impact of affective commitment on work effort and intention to leave the organization among Korean fitness club employees. In addition, the moderating role of collectivism on the relationship between affective commitment and work outcomes was also examined. The data provided by 330 Korean fitness club employees were analyzed using structural equation modeling and regression analyses. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling showed that the proposed model fit reasonably well. Perceived Support explained 76% of variance in Affective Commitment and along with Affective Commitment, explained 42.6% of variance in Work Effort. In addition, Affective Commitment by itself explained 62.9% of variance in Intention to Leave. Finally, regression analyses showed that collectivism moderated the relationship between affective commitment and work effort. Practical and theoretical significance of these results are discussed.