Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Charrette Ada compiler

The Charrette Ada compiler is a working compiler for a substantial subset of the preliminary Ada language. The Ada source program is translated into an equivalent program in an intermediate implementation language. The result of the compilation process is machine language generated for this intermediate program. This paper provides a brief overview of the compiler with special attention given to the primary translation phase. Emphasis is placed on the transformation of Ada type and subtype information and the representation of objects. The translation of several interesting statement and expression forms is also outlined.
Design and experiments for model-free PI control of DC drives

This paper proposes the model-free PI control design for direct current (DC) drives. A model-free PI control system structure is considered in the framework of reference tracking control using a first-order nonlinear dynamic system as a local approximation of the process model. The derivatives are estimated numerically using a Savitzky-Golay filter that solves the differentiation and also the smoothing. The model-free PI control system structure is applied to the speed control of a laboratory nonlinear DC drive as a representative mechatronics application. The experimental results for three different reference input shapes show the very good performance in model reference tracking, reference trajectory tracking and numerical differentiation.
Neutralisation of Local Haemorrhage Induced by the Saw-Scaled Viper Echis carinatus sochureki Venom Using Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus aethiopicus L.

The objective of the study is to investigate the anti-snake venom activities of a local plant, Hibiscus aethiopicus L. The H. aethiopicus was dried and extracted with ethanol. Different assays were performed according to standard techniques, to evaluate the plant's acute toxicity and its antivenom activities. The results of evaluating the systemic acute toxicity of the H. aethiopicus extract using “oral and intra-peritoneal” route were normal even at the highest dose (24 g/kg) tested. All guinea pigs (n = 3) when treated with venoms E. c. sochureki (75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage. In contrast, all guinea pigs (n = 18) treated with both venom and the plant extract at a concentration between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage. Moreover, all guinea pigs (n = 18) treated with venom and the plant extract below 400 mg/kg showed acute skin haemorrhage. All guinea pigs treated with venom E. c. sochureki (75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage after both 24 and 32 hours. In contrast, all guinea pigs treated with both venom and the plant extract (administered independently) at concentrations between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage after 32 hours. However, after 24 hours all tested guinea pigs showed less inhibition (<60%) compared to that obtained after 32 hours. The outcome of this study reflects that the extract of H. aethiopicus plant may contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom induced local haemorrhage.
Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption among children and adolescents: effect on energy, beverage, and nutrient intake.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption on total energy intake, dietary indicators, and beverage consumption. DESIGN Individual-level fixed-effects estimation based on 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. SETTING Nationally representative data from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 2 to 11 years (n = 4717) and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 4699). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daily total energy intake in kilocalories; intake of grams of sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and protein and milligrams of sodium; and total grams of sugar-sweetened beverages, regular soda, and milk consumed. RESULTS Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126.29 kcal and 160.49 kcal for children and 309.53 kcal and 267.30 kcal for adolescents and with higher intake of regular soda (73.77 g and 88.28 g for children and 163.67 g and 107.25 g for adolescents) and sugar-sweetened beverages generally. Fast-food consumption increased intake of total fat (7.03-14.36 g), saturated fat (1.99-4.64 g), and sugar (5.71-16.24 g) for both age groups and sodium (396.28 mg) and protein (7.94 g) for adolescents. Full-service restaurant consumption was associated with increases in all nutrients examined. Additional key findings were (1) adverse effects on diet were larger for lower-income children and adolescents and (2) among adolescents, increased soda intake was twice as large when fast food was consumed away from home than at home. CONCLUSION Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption is associated with higher net total energy intake and poorer diet quality.
High‐porosity channels for melt migration in the mantle: Top is the dunite and bottom is the harzburgite and lherzolite

High‐porosity dunite channels are important pathways for melt migration in the mantle. To better understand the first order characteristics of the high‐porosity melt channel and its associated peridotite lithologies in an upwelling mantle, we conducted high‐resolution numerical simulations of reactive dissolution in a deformable porous medium. Results from this study show that high‐porosity dunite channels are transient and shallow parts of pathways for melt migration in the mantle. The lower parts of a high‐porosity channel are harzburgite and lherzolite. The size and dimension of dunite channels depend on the amplitude of lateral porosity variations at the base of the melting column, whereas the depth of dunite channel initiation depends on the melt flux entering the channel from below. Compaction and interaction between compaction and dissolution play a central role in distributing melt in the dunite channel. A wide orthopyroxene‐free dunite channel may contain two or more high‐porosity melt channels. A primary high‐porosity melt channel developed in the deep mantle may excite secondary melt channels in the shallow part of the melting column. The spatial relations among the high‐porosity melt channel and its associated lithologies documented in this study may shed new light on a number of field, petrological, and geochemical observations related to melt migration in the mantle.
Server Capacity Planning for Web Traffic Workload

The goal of the paper is to provide a methodology for determining bandwidth requirements for various hardware components of a World Wide Web server. The paper assumes a traditional symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) architecture for the Web server, although the same analysis applies to an SMP node in a cluster. The paper derives formulae for bandwidth demands for memory, processor data bus, network adapters, disk adapters, I/O memory paths, and I/O buses. Since the Web workload characteristics vary widely, three sample workloads are considered for illustrative purposes: 1) standard SPECweb96; 2) a SPECweb96-like workload that assumes dynamic data and retransmissions; and 3) WebProxy, which models a Web proxy server that does not do much caching, and thus has rather severe requirements. The results point to a few general conclusions regarding Web workloads. In particular, reduction in memory/data bus bandwidth by using the virtual interface architecture (VIA) is very desirable, and the connectivity needs may go well beyond the capabilities of traditional systems based on the traditional PCI-bus. Web workloads also demand a significantly higher memory bandwidth than data bus bandwidth and this disparity is expected to increase with the use of VIA. Also, the current efforts to offload TCP/IP processing may require a larger headroom in I/O subsystem bandwidth than in the processor-memory subsystem.
Multiracial Couples: Black and White Voices

ROSENBLATT, Paul C. , Terri A. KARIS, Richard D.POWELL, MULTIRACIAL COUPLES: Black and White Voices. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995, 305 pp., $21.95 softcover / $44.00 hardcover. Reviewed by : DEBBIE STORRS * Interracial marriage has become more common in recent years, particularly after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down laws against interracial marriages in 1967. According to the US Census, black-white couples have quadrupled since 1970, raising important questions about the meaning of race and providing challenges to relationship norms. Multiracial Couples addresses these issues and adds to the growing literature concerning interracial relationships and interracial births. The authors provide a unique view of race relations through the accounts of 21 interracial couples. They meet their primary objective of giving voice and subjectivity to the volunteers in this study through the use of extensive quotations. The strength of this text is the personal and intimate view of the difficulties and joys of being in an interracial relationship. The book begins by revealing a paradoxical reality of interviewees' lives. On the one hand, individuals characterized their relationships as "ordinary," experiencing the typical problems and pleasures of any intimate relationship. On the other hand, the couples discussed how others often perceived them as unusual because of their interracial status. The main chapters focus on these extraordinary features of interracial relationships including raising biracial children, mediating the reactions of families, communities, and institutions, and responding to racism. Although the couples experienced forms of overt racism such as name calling, the dominant theme in the narratives is the more subtle disapproval of their relationships. One of the most immediate sources of disapproval came from the couples' family members. Both black and white families opposed relationships, but for different reasons and with various levels of intensity. Overall, black families were more accepting of interracial relationships than white families. Their concern mainly focused on what they perceived as black men's rejection of black women. White families, concerned with safety, children, and economic well-being, were much more likely to be opposed to the interracial relationship. Racial communities also disapproved of interracial relationships which provoked challenges to both black and white identity. For African Americans, marrying outside of one's race was often perceived as a sign of disloyalty. Despite this ostracism, African Americans articulated strong black identities. …
Assimilating non-local observations with a local ensemble Kalman filter

Abstract Many ensemble data assimilation schemes utilize spatial localization so that a small ensemble can capture the unstable degrees of freedom in the model state. These local ensemble-based schemes typically allow the analysis at a given location to depend only on observations near that location. Meanwhile, the location of satellite observations cannot be pinpointed in the same manner as conventional observations. We propose a technique to update the state at a given location by assimilating satellite radiance observations that are strongly correlated to the model state there. For satellite retrievals, we propose incorporating the observation error covariance matrix and selecting the retrievals that have errors correlated to observations near the location to be updated. Our selection techniques improve the analysis obtained when assimilating simulated satellite observations with a seven-layer primitive equation model, the SPEEDY model.
Victim prevalence in bullying and its association with teacher–student and student–student relationships and class moral disengagement: a class-level path analysis

Abstract The aim of the present study was to test whether teacher–student relationship (TSR) quality and student–student relationship (SSR) quality at class level and class moral disengagement (CMD), considered together in a single model, were related to class prevalence of victims (CPV) of bullying. A sample of 899 Swedish children was recruited from 43 elementary school classes. The participants filled out a questionnaire. Because the focus of the present study was on class behaviours, all analyses were conducted on aggregated class-level data. A path analysis revealed that the prevalence of victims was likely to be lower in classes with more positive teacher–student and SSRs and lower levels of CMD. TSR quality was not directly linked to CPV, but indirectly through its direct association with SSR quality. SSR quality was negatively associated with CMD and both were directly related to CPV. Results suggest that caring, supportive and warm SSRs in the class should be considered as a crucial protective factor against bullying victimisation. Further, the findings suggest that CMD has to be addressed in bullying prevention.
Feasibility of Wii Fit training to improve clinical measures of balance in older adults

Background and purpose Numerous interventions have been proposed to improve balance in older adults with varying degrees of success. A novel approach may be to use an off-the-shelf video game system utilizing real-time force feedback to train older adults. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using Nintendo’s Wii Fit for training to improve clinical measures of balance in older adults and to retain the improvements after a period of time. Methods Twelve healthy older adults (aged >70 years) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group completed training using Nintendo’s Wii Fit game three times a week for 3 weeks while the control group continued with normal activities. Four clinical measures of balance were assessed before training, 1 week after training, and 1 month after training: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale, Functional Reach (FR), and Timed Up and Go (TUG). Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks was conducted on the control and experimental group to determine if training using the Wii Balance Board with Wii Fit had an influence on clinical measures of balance. Results Nine older adults completed the study (experimental group n = 4, control group n = 5). The experimental group significantly increased their BBS after training while the control group did not. There was no significant change for either group with FAB, FR, and TUG. Conclusion Balance training with Nintendo’s Wii Fit may be a novel way for older adults to improve balance as measured by the BBS.
The Image of an Arboreal Galois Representation

Much is known regarding images of p-adic Galois representations coming from subquotients of étale cohomology groups of varieties over number fields. In particular, the Mumford-Tate conjecture gives them up to subgroups of finite index, and has been proved in many cases by Serre and others. In the analogous situation of arboreal Galois representations little is known. In this paper we give a conjectural description of their images in the case that they arise via iteration of a given polynomial. We also discuss in depth the case of iteration of a quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients.
Sided with Omaha but no Twist: Three Logics of Alyawarra Kinship *

This paper derives from an experiment in quantitative fieldwork, conducted in Central Australia in 1971-72, that was designed explicitly to explore differences between what Aborigines actually did and what they said they did when anthropologists interviewed them. Here we use genealogical network analysis in relation to data collected in this experiment to examine descent, marriage and kinship, including which kinship terms were applied to which relatives for a large sample of informants. The rich cognitive and network ethnography of the Alyawarra offers a test of and counterargument to the proposition that for any given culture to operate coherently, only a single logic is possible. Here, three logics are operative. Examining relationships amongst these three logics at the level of practice shows that they form a coherent dynamical system oriented towards demographically and strategically inflected adaptation. A strictly normative approach to modeling Alyawarra kinship would be misleading as a theoretical paradigm. We argue for broader frameworks that take into account the interplay of multiple cultural logics as integral within a networked system of kinship practices. In Logic1 the Alyawarra strictly adhere to marriage rules and ‘normative’ kinship terms that conform to marriage sections (cross-cutting exogamous sides) and unnamed endogamous matrimoieties that unify interleaved alternating generations. In Logic 2, the axiom of generational closure – that successive sibling-in-law links close into cycles in an endogamous group – does not apply because female age at marriage is significantly lower than that of males, as is common in Australian systems. The resulting extra-normative age bias yields recurrent patterns of marriage between patrilineages that are much more likely to be asymmetric (classificatory MMBDD marriages) than symmetric (as with sister exchange, for example). In addition, patterns of marriage among the deceased are quickly forgotten, and no longer cast their shadow as a constraint on future behaviors. Thus wife-givers and wife-takers may engage in exceptional marriages that
Eye gaze patterns after stroke: correlates of a VR action execution and observation task

The concept of a partially shared neural circuitry between action observation and action execution in healthy participants has been demonstrated through a number of studies. However, little research has been done in this regard utilizing eye movement metrics in rehabilitation contexts. In this study we approach action observation and action execution by combining a virtual environment and eye tracking technology. Participants consisted of stroke survivors, and were required to perform a simple reach-and-grab and place-and-release task with both their paretic and non-paretic arm. Results showed congruency in gaze metrics between action execution and action observation, for distribution and duration of gaze events. Furthermore, in action observation, longer smooth pursuit segments were detected when observing the representation of the paretic arm, thus providing evidence that the affected circuitry may be activated during observation of the simulated action. These results can lead to novel rehabilitation methods using virtual reality technology.
A post-modern teacher educator: A phenomenological study of teacher educators with significant experience in high-needs, high-minority urban schools

DERRICK EUGENE ROBINSON. A post-modern teacher educator: a phenomenological study of teacher educators with significant experience in high-needs, high-minority urban schools (Under the direction of DR. CHANCE W. LEWIS) Four decades of university-based teacher education reform has failed to yield favorable outcomes in teacher effectiveness in P-12 schools. A rising tide of reform and criticism from governmental agencies and neo-liberal reformers has resulted in onedimensional, structural approaches to impacting teacher effectiveness, based on the assumption that teacher effectiveness is universal across all school contexts. This study suggests that for university-based teacher education programs to impact teacher effectiveness, particularly in high-needs, high-minority schools, they must: a) define teacher effectiveness, b) contextualize the impact of high-needs, high-minority schools on teacher effectiveness, and c) provide the knowledge, structure and disposition to be effective teachers in the high-needs, high-minority context. To meet this task, this study boldly employs a post-modern theoretical positioning of the university-based teacher educator, one with professional experience or service in high-needs, high-minority schools, as the leading change agent in impacting teacher effectiveness in high-needs, high-minority schools. Through a qualitative research design, this study utilizes phenomenology to uncover the lived experiences of qualifying teacher educators, those with experience and service in high-needs, high-minority schools, to define teacher effectiveness, effective teacher characteristics, and the uniqueness of the high-needs, high-minority urban school context. Through semi-structured, open-ended interviews, the lived experiences of
Substitution over Time: Another Look at Life-Cycle Labor Supply

Most studies of the intertemporal substitution of work use life-cycle data, and from those studies many have concluded that intertemporal labor substitution is unimportant for macroeconomics. This paper takes another look at life-cycle data and argues that a consideration of measurement errors, taxes, on-the-job training, older workers, hours reporting bias, and all of the "margins" composing aggregate labor supply over the life cycle suggests that substitution over time may be very important for macro fluctuations. The life-cycle data used include fairly standard male cross-section and panel-data samples as well as a sample of women experiencing the termination of AFDC benefits as their youngest child turns 18 years old.
A TLR9-dependent checkpoint governs B cell responses to DNA-containing antigens

Mature B cell pools retain a substantial proportion of polyreactive and self-reactive clonotypes, suggesting that activation checkpoints exist to reduce the initiation of autoreactive B cell responses. Here, we have described a relationship among the B cell receptor (BCR), TLR9, and cytokine signals that regulate B cell responses to DNA-containing antigens. In both mouse and human B cells, BCR ligands that deliver a TLR9 agonist induce an initial proliferative burst that is followed by apoptotic death. The latter mechanism involves p38-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest and subsequent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis and is shared by all preimmune murine B cell subsets and CD27– human B cells. Survival or costimulatory signals rescue B cells from this fate, but the outcome varies depending on the signals involved. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) engenders survival and antibody secretion, whereas CD40 costimulation with IL-21 or IFN-&ggr; promotes a T-bet+ B cell phenotype. Finally, in vivo immunization studies revealed that when protein antigens are conjugated with DNA, the humoral immune response is blunted and acquires features associated with T-bet+ B cell differentiation. We propose that this mechanism integrating BCR, TLR9, and cytokine signals provides a peripheral checkpoint for DNA-containing antigens that, if circumvented by survival and differentiative cues, yields B cells with the autoimmune-associated T-bet+ phenotype.
Award Number: W81XWH-10-1-0337 TITLE: Identification and Characterization of MYC Regulatory Elements: Links to Prostate Cancer

In the traditional model of human disease genetics, mutations in coding regions of the genome were assumed to underlie disease phenotypes. It is only in the recent past that functional non-coding regions – such as promoters, enhancers and silencers – have been implicated in disease states. At its most basic level, cancer is a disease caused by the misexpression of genes normally responsible for regulating cell proliferation. It is therefore logical that mutations and variants within cis-regulatory elements controlling the expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes would underlie some tumorigenic gene expression changes. As changes in non-coding functional elements are harder to identify than alternations in protein coding sequences, many of the recent insights into cis-regulatory variants involved in cancer etiology have been uncovered by genome wide association studies (GWAS) highlighting risk variants in non-genic regions. Here, we highlight examples of cancer-associated variation in promoters, enhancers and silencers, as well as changes to the overall architecture of a gene’s regulatory landscape. These functional characterizations bring us closer to understanding the role of cisregulatory mutations and cancer risk/progression. 5.