Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Birmingham Patient reported outcomes of parenteral somatostatin analogue injections in 195 patients with acromegaly

Background : Long-acting somatostatin analogues delivered parenterally are the most widely used medical treatment in acromegaly. This patient-reported outcomes survey was designed to assess the impact of chronic injections on subjects with acromegaly. Methods : The survey was conducted in nine pituitary centres in Germany, UK and The Netherlands. The questionnaire was developed by endocrinologists and covered aspects of acromegaly symptoms, injection-related manifestations, emotional and daily life impact, treatment satisfaction and unmet medical needs. Results : In total, 195 patients participated, of which 112 (57%) were on octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) and 83 (43%) on lanreotide (Somatuline Depot). The majority ( O 70%) of patients reported acromegaly symptoms despite treatment. A total of 52% of patients reported that their symptoms worsen towards the end of the dosing interval. Administration site pain lasting up to a week following injection was the most frequently reported injection-related symptom (70% of patients). Other injection site reactions included nodules (38%), swelling (28%), bruising (16%), scar tissue (8%) and inﬂammation (7%). Injection burden wassimilar between octreotide andlanreotide. Only aminority ofpatients received injections athome (17%) and 5% were self-injecting. Over a third of patients indicated a feeling of loss of independence due to the injections, and 16% reported repeated work loss days. Despite the physical, emotional and daily life impact of injections, patients were satisﬁed with their treatment, yet reported that modiﬁcations that would offer major improvement over current care would be ‘avoiding injections’ and ‘better symptom control’. Conclusion : Lifelong injections of long-acting somatostatin analogues have signiﬁcant burden on the functioning, well-being and daily lives of patients with acromegaly.
Out of Role? Out of Luck: The Influence of Race and Leadership Status on Performance Appraisals

Although the American workforce is becoming more diverse, Black managers continue to face obstacles to success. One of the greatest challenges facing Black leaders is aversive racism, a subtle but insidious form of prejudice that emerges when people can justify their negative feelings towards Blacks based on factors other than race. The present study (N = 156) revealed that participants gave negative ratings to Black leaders and White subordinates and positive ratings to Black subordinates and White leaders, thus affirming these workers in their stereotypical societal positions. Furthermore, participants used even innocuous past mistakes of Black leaders to justify their negative evaluations of them. The theoretical and practical implications for leadership theories, performance appraisals, and organizational policy are discussed.
Interactions between Auxin Transport and the Actin Cytoskeleton in Developmental Polarity of Fucus distichus Embryos in Response to Light and Gravity1

Land plants orient their growth relative to light and gravity through complex mechanisms that require auxin redistribution. Embryos of brown algae use similar environmental stimuli to orient their developmental polarity. These studies of the brown algae Fucus distichus examined whether auxin and auxin transport are also required during polarization in early embryos and to orient growth in already developed tissues. These embryos polarize with the gravity vector in the absence of a light cue. The auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and auxin efflux inhibitors, such as naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), reduced environmental polarization in response to gravity and light vectors. Young rhizoids are negatively phototropic, and NPA also inhibits rhizoid phototropism. The effect of IAA and NPA on gravity and photopolarization is maximal within 2.5 to 4.5 h after fertilization (AF). Over the first 6 h AF, auxin transport is relatively constant, suggesting that developmentally controlled sensitivity to auxin determines the narrow window during which NPA and IAA reduce environmental polarization. Actin patches were formed during the first hour AF and began to photolocalize within 3 h, coinciding with the time of NPA and IAA action. Treatment with NPA reduced the polar localization of actin patches but not patch formation. Latrunculin B prevented environmental polarization in a time frame that overlaps the formation of actin patches and IAA and NPA action. Latrunculin B also altered auxin transport. Together, these results indicate a role for auxin in the orientation of developmental polarity and suggest interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and auxin transport in F. distichus embryos.
FOCUS ON MAINSTREAMING: ''I DON'T LIKE TO WRITE, BUT I LOVE TO GET PUBLISHED'': USING A CLASSROOM NEWSPAPER TO MOTIVATE RELUCTANT WRITERS

After receiving feedback from his peer editing group, Antoine was hard at work revising his classroom newspaper editorial entitled ''Extra Privileges for Sixth Graders. '' He wanted it to be ''perfect'' because so many people would be reading it. He loved seeing his work published, and he knew his mother would be so proud of him. He wrote: ''Sixth graders should have extra privileges because we are the oldest and most responsible students in this school, and this is our last year here. We should have a longer recess because we have to do the hardest work, and we should have one night off each week from doing homework. We should also be allowed to wear hats and chew gum in class. If we got those extra privileges, we would be better workers because we would be happier. All of the other kids in the school would look forward to being in sixth grade, and they would try very hard to pass each grade so they could finally be a sixth grader. ''
Sexual Assault and Sentencing: An Examination of Victim and Perpetrator Characteristics

Research on sexual assault perpetrators sentences typically analyzed characteristics of perpetrators or characteristics of victims independently. This study examined whether perpetrator characteristics and victim characteristics, when considered simultaneously, continued to predict perpetrator sentence. The research offered an alternative hypothesis from the Chivalrous/Paternalistic perspective; victim vulnerability increases the length of sentence. The study used data from a sexual assault treatment center to test these hypotheses. The key finding indicated that victim vulnerability interacts with legal factors, as to reduce the influence of legal factors. Legal and extralegal factors of perpetrators influenced length of sentence. Policy implications were discussed.
Nimrod/G: an architecture for a resource management and scheduling system in a global computational grid

The availability of powerful microprocessors and high-speed networks as commodity components has enabled high-performance computing on distributed systems (wide-area cluster computing). In this environment, as the resources are usually distributed geographically at various levels (department, enterprise or worldwide), there is a great challenge in integrating, coordinating and presenting them as a single resource to the user, thus forming a computational grid. Another challenge comes from the distributed ownership of resources, with each resource having its own access policy, cost and mechanism. The proposed Nimrod/G grid-enabled resource management and scheduling system builds on our earlier work on Nimrod (D. Abramson et al., 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000) and follows a modular and component-based architecture enabling extensibility, portability, ease of development, and interoperability of independently developed components. It uses the GUSTO (GlobUS TOolkit) services and can be easily extended to operate with any other emerging grid middleware services. It focuses on the management and scheduling of computations over dynamic resources scattered geographically across the Internet at department, enterprise or global levels, with particular emphasis on developing scheduling schemes based on the concept of computational economy for a real testbed, namely the Globus testbed (GUSTO).
Recent Trends in Multifunctional Liposomal Nanocarriers for Enhanced Tumor Targeting

Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor's vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.
Shall I leave or shall we fight? Effects of threatened group-based self-esteem on identity management strategies

We examined the interplay of social identity threat and group-based self-esteem on the motivation to use two identity management strategies, namely social competition and individual mobility. Following social identity theory, we postulated that threatened high group-based self-esteem leads to an increased motivation to use competitive identity management strategies. Furthermore, following realistic conflict theory and the rejection–identification model, we hypothesized that threat might reduce the desire for individual mobility among group members low in group-based self-esteem. Results of Study 1 (N = 67), Study 2 (N = 109), and Study 3 (N = 101) supported these hypotheses. The results showed that threat leads to the motivation to show social competition for group members high in group-based self-esteem and that for group members low in group-based self-esteem threat decreases the motivation to leave the group. The results are discussed in relation to recent theories of intergroup relations.
“In Sickness and in Health”

Using data from the 1994-95 (Canadian) National Population Health Survey (6,494 women, 5,368 men), we investigated the impact of cohabitation on a range of physical and mental health indicators, controlling for self-selection into cohabitation and other relevant factors. Uncontrolled results indicate that the physical and mental health of cohabitors tends to fall between that of the married and the divorced/separated, widowed, and single/never married. However, when other factors are controlled, health differences between cohabitors and the currently married become nonsignificant. Self-selection, into cohabitation and into marriage, initially appears to play a significant role in accounting for variations in health, but with controls added to the models, selection mostly becomes nonsignificant. We concluded that self-selection at most may explain a small proportion of the variation in health but that protection effects are more likely to explain the positive health advantages of marriage and cohabitation.
Chapter 3: How Society Failed School Desegregation Policy: Looking Past the Schools to Understand Them

It is a noteworthy coincidence that the year of publication of this volume, 2005, sits chronologically between the 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education in 2004 and the 40th anniversary of Equality of Educational Opportunity (also known as the “Coleman report”) in 2006. This juxtaposition is symbolic given that, while both the Supreme Court ruling and the congressionally mandated Coleman study ultimately supported school desegregation policies, they differed relatively dramatically in terms of why, and these distinctions related to different views of the role of schools in society. It is fitting, then, that this chapter, which argues that we cannot understand the success or failure of school desegregation until we consider the complex relationship between desegregated public schools and the larger society, is wedged between these two important anniversaries. The strongly worded Brown ruling discussed at length the importance of public education in preparing students for their adult lives as workers and citizens. For instance, Chief Justice Warren wrote: “Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education in our democratic society” (p. 7). In contrast, the Coleman report muted the Brown decision’s interpretation of public education as a paramount institution and argued instead that the variation in school curriculum and facilities and, to a lesser extent, teacher quality accounted for
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Social Skills Program for Preadolescents

Peer relations play a major role in the social development of children and youth. Social workers are well aware of the potential negative consequences for children who are socially excluded, and they frequently work with these children concerning issues of truancy, academic performance, delinquency, and substance abuse. This article discusses the outcome of a social skills program designed to improve the social interactions offifth-grade children. Results indicated that the treatment group made significant gains on sociometric, observational, and self-perception measures. The importance of using school social workers and staff and integrating social skills programs into elementary school curricula is also discussed.
Women education: problems and implications for family responsibility

The writer examined education in the context of its availability for the women folk. The paper also elucidates the problems of women education, and the implications of poor women education for family responsibility. It was suggested in the paper that for optimal national development, women who are the first teachers in the family set up should be provided with adequate and functional education (or literacy). It was argued that provision of functional education to the women folk would enable them to make additional contributions towards public life, social, economic and moral development of the family and by extension the nation. The Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling Vol. 9(1) 2004: 255-269
DMT of Multi-hop Cooperative Networks - Part I: Basic Results

In this two-part paper, the DMT of cooperative multi-hop networks is examined. The focus is on single-source single-sink (ss-ss) multi-hop relay networks having slow-fading links and relays that potentially possess multiple antennas. The present paper examines the two end-points of the DMT of full-duplex networks. In particular, the maximum achievable diversity of arbitrary multi-terminal wireless networks is shown to be equal to the min-cut. The maximum multiplexing gain of arbitrary full-duplex ss-ss networks is shown to be equal to the min-cut rank, using a new connection to a deterministic network. We also prove some basic results including a proof that the colored noise encountered in AF protocols for cooperative networks can be treated as white noise for DMT computations. The DMT of a parallel channel with independent MIMO links is also computed here. As an application of these basic results, we prove that a linear tradeoff between maximum diversity and maximum multiplexing gain is achievable for full-duplex networks with single antenna nodes. All protocols in this paper are explicit and rely only upon amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying. Half duplex networks are studied, and explicit codes for all protocols proposed in both parts, are provided in the companion paper.
Structural properties and neuronal toxicity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–associated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 aggregates

The appearance of protein aggregates is a characteristic of protein misfolding disorders including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disease caused by inherited mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Here, we use live cell imaging of neuronal and nonneuronal cells to show that SOD1 mutants (G85R and G93A) form an aggregate structure consisting of immobile scaffolds, through which noninteracting cellular proteins can diffuse. Hsp70 transiently interacts, in a chaperone activity-dependent manner, with these mutant SOD1 aggregate structures. In contrast, the proteasome is sequestered within the aggregate structure, an event associated with decreased degradation of a proteasomal substrate. Through the use of time-lapse microscopy of individual cells, we show that nearly all (90%) aggregate-containing cells express higher levels of mutant SOD1 and died within 48 h, whereas 70% of cells expressing a soluble mutant SOD1 survived. Our results demonstrate that SOD1 G85R and G93A mutants form a distinct class of aggregate structures in cells destined for neuronal cell death.
Anger proneness in women: Development and validation of the anger situation questionnaire

Examined the usefulness of the concept of anger proneness to the study of aggression in women in 2 studies. One study concerns anger induction in 40 aggressive and non-aggressive sportswomen. Sports choice in itself does not predict anger arousal and aggressive behavior in the lab. At an individual level the anger proneness of the S was related to the intensity of aggressive behavior and subjectively reported anger. Study 2 concerns the activating effects of androgens on aggression and anger proneness. In a group of 22 female-to-male transsexuals (aged 18-49 yrs), a battery of anger proneness and aggression questionnaires was administered twice: shortly before and 3 mo after the start of androgen treatment. Administration of androgens was associated with an increase in anger proneness, although there were no changes in several aspects of overt aggressive behavior
Is there linguistic life after high school? Longitudinal changes in the bilingual repertoire in metropolitan Barcelona

Abstract Do linguistic identities formed in high school endure after adolescence? Do age-related linguistic differences represent community trends over historical time, or are they age-graded practices that change over biographical time? Catalan advocates worry that perceived Castilian dominance in adolescents' peer relations and media consumption forecasts the community's sociolinguistic future. To investigate the possibility of change in bilingual repertoires after adolescence, participants in a 1987 ethnographic study of high school students in metropolitan Barcelona were reinterviewed after twenty years. The reinterviews of L1 Castilian-speakers showed increased mastery and use of Catalan even among those who had been functionally monolingual and most resistant to Catalan in high school. Higher education, the workplace, romance, cosmopolitan travel, and parenthood were triggers of such postadolescent change in the linguistic repertoire. Informants produce a common narrative attributing linguistic transformations to maturational processes that reduce the shame and intolerance of difference that inhibit adolescent second language use. (Bilingualism, second language acquisition, longitudinal research, language and identity, adolescence, Catalan, Catalonia)*
Foreign Capital in Latin America: A Long-Run Structural Global VAR Perspective

I study the determinants of capital flows to Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, assessing the relative importance of domestic and global factors. I estimate six VECM models, one for each Latin American country plus the Euro Area, Japan, and USA, and then embed them in a multi-country Global VAR. The co-integrating space is identified in terms of theoretical long-run relations linking net foreign assets (NFA) to the other variables of the model. The results show that in the long-run external prevail on domestic factors as determinants of the equilibrium behaviour of NFA, with the relative importance of each factor varying from one country to another. Generalized Impulse Response Functions (GIRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (GFEVD) provide overwhelming evidence that domestic shocks are predominantly responsible for the short-run dynamics of Latin American NFA. Although all previous studies focus on North-American economic influence, one striking result of this paper is that the US variables are by no means the main external factors affecting Latin American NFA. Quite on the contrary, Japanese and, to a lesser extent, European cyclical conditions explain a large proportion of Latin American NFA short-run behaviour.
Source Evaluation, Comprehension, and Learning in Internet Science Inquiry Tasks

In two experiments, undergraduates’ evaluation and use of multiple Internet sources during a science inquiry task were examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduates had the task of explaining what caused the eruption of Mt. St. Helens using the results of an Internet search. Multiple regression analyses indicated that source evaluation significantly predicted learning outcomes, with more successful learners better able to discriminate scientifically reliable from unreliable information. In Experiment 2, an instructional unit (SEEK) taught undergraduates how to evaluate the reliability of information sources. Undergraduates who used SEEK while working on an inquiry task about the Atkins low-carbohydrate diet displayed greater differentiation in their reliability judgments of information sources than a comparison group. Both groups then participated in the Mt. St. Helens task. Undergraduates in the SEEK conditions demonstrated better learning from the volcano task. The current studies indicate that the evaluation of information sources is critical to successful learning from Internet-based inquiry and amenable to improvement through instruction.
Cell‐autonomous and cell‐to‐cell signalling events in normal and altered neuronal migration

The cerebral cortex is a complex six‐layered structure that contains an important diversity of neurons, and has rich local and extrinsic connectivity. Among the mechanisms governing the cerebral cortex construction, neuronal migration is perhaps the most crucial as it ensures the timely formation of specific and selective neuronal circuits. Here, we review the main extrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in regulating neuronal migration in the cortex and describe some environmental factors interfering with their actions.
WHY “EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE” DOES NOT PREDICT LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS: A COMMENT ON PRATI, DOUGLAS, FERRIS, AMMETER, AND BUCKLEY (2003)

This article provides a commentary on the article “Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes” by Prati, Douglas, Ferris, Ammeter, and Buckley (2003). The role of emotional intelligence (EI) as a construct in organizational behavior is addressed by discussing (a) the boundary conditions of theories in organizational behavior; (b) the relative importance of EI, g and personality in leadership effectiveness; (c) whether EI is needed for leadership effectiveness; (d) the degree EI is a unique construct versus a part of normal psychological functioning; (e) the relationship between EI and levels of analyses in organizations; and (f) whether EI is important for charismatic leadership. This discussion concludes with a cautionary note about premature excitement over the use of EI in the workplace.