Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying Group Creativity in InterAction

Understanding collective creativity is crucial for advancing the general study of human creativity as well as for guiding the design of creativity support tools for small teams and larger collectivities. In this chapter, we present a qualitative case study of collective creativity online derived from an analysis of collaborative interactions of virtual teams of students working in the field of mathematics. We examine group creative activity broadly, ranging from the micro-level co-construction of novel resources for team problem solving to the evolutionary reuse of ideas and solution strategies across teams. Our analysis focuses on describing the relationship between the dynamics of creative work present in a single collaborative episode of an online group and their evolution across time and across collectivities. Our analysis indicates that the synergy between these two types of interactions and the resulting creative engagement of the teams relies on three fundamental processes: (1) indexical referencing, (2) group remembering, and (3) bridging across discontinuities.
DYNAMICAL HETEROGENEITIES IN A SUPERCOOLED LENNARD-JONES LIQUID

We present the results of a molecular dynamics computer simulation study in which we investigate whether a supercooled Lennard-Jones liquid exhibits dynamical heterogeneities. We evaluate the non-Gaussian parameter for the self part of the van Hove correlation function and use it to identify {open_quotes}mobile{close_quotes} particles. We find that these particles form clusters whose sizes grow with decreasing temperature. We also find that the relaxation time of the mobile particles is significantly shorter than that of the average particle, and that this difference increases with decreasing temperature. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Multi-features and Multi-stages RBF Neural Network Classifier with Fuzzy Integral in Human Face Recognition

This paper presents a high accuracy human face recognition system using multi-feature extractors and multi-stages classifiers (MFMC), which are fused together through fuzzy integral. The classifiers used in this paper are Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network while feature vectors are generated by applying PZM, PCA and DCT to the face images separately. Each of the feature vectors are sent to an RBF neural network classifiers and the output of these classifiers are fused to obtain better recognition rate. Experimental results on the ORL and Yale database yield excellent recognition rate.
Perception of personality through eye gaze of realistic and cartoon models

In this paper, we conducted a perceptual experiment to determine if specific personality traits can be portrayed through eye and head movement in the absence of other facial animation cues. We created a collection of eye and head motions captured from three female actors portraying different personalities, while listening to instructional videos. In a between-groups experiment, we tested the perception of personality on a realistic model and a cartoon stylisation in order to determine if stylisation can positively influence the perceived personality or if personality is more easily identified on a realistic face. Our results verify that participants were able to differentiate between personality traits portrayed only through eye gaze, blinks and head movement. The results also show that perception of personality was robust across character realism.
Etanercept (ETN) with methotrexate (MTX) is better than ETN monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite MTX therapy: a randomized trial

The superiority of the combination therapy of methotrexate (MTX) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological agents over anti-TNF monotherapy in MTX-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been demonstrated. We investigated the efficacy and safety of continuation versus discontinuation of MTX at the commencement of etanercept (ETN) in patients with active RA despite MTX therapy. In total, 151 patients with active RA despite treatment with MTX were randomized to either ETN 25 mg twice a week and MTX 6–8 mg/week (the E + M group) or ETN alone (the E group). Co-primary endpoints included the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) good response rate and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 50 response rate at week 24. Demographic and clinical features between groups at baseline were similar. The EULAR good response rates were significantly higher in the E + M group (52%) than in the E group (33%) at week 24 (p = 0.0001). Although the ACR50 response rate, one of the co-primary endpoints, and the ACR70 response rate at week 24 were not significantly greater in the E + M group (64 and 38%, respectively) than in the E group (48 and 26%, respectively), the ACR20 response rate was significantly greater in the E + M group (90%) than in the E group (64%; p = 0.0002). Safety profiles were similar for the groups. Thus, MTX should be continued at the commencement of ETN therapy, even in RA patients who show an inappropriate response to MTX.
Estimating structured signals in sparse noise: A precise noise sensitivity analysis

We consider the problem of estimating a structured signal xo from linear, underdetermined and noisy measurements y = Ax<sub>0</sub> + z, in the presence of sparse noise z. A natural approach to recovering x<sub>0</sub>, that takes advantage of both the structure of xo and the sparsity of z is solving: x = arg min<sub>x</sub> ||y - Ax||<sub>1</sub> subject to f(x) ≤ f(x<sub>0</sub>) (constrained LAD estimator). Here, f is a convex function aiming to promote the structure of x<sub>0</sub>, say ℓ<sub>1</sub>-norm to promote sparsity or nuclear norm to promote low-rankness. We assume that the entries of A and the non-zero entries of z are i.i. d normal with variances 1 and σ<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Our analysis precisely characterizes the asymptotic noise sensitivity ||x - x<sub>0</sub>||<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>/σ<sup>2</sup> in the limit σ<sup>2</sup> → 0. We show analytically that the LAD method outperforms the more popular LASSO method when the noise is sparse. At the same time its performance is no more than π/2 times worse in the presence of non-sparse noise. Our simulation results verify the validity of our theoretical predictions.
Contrasting Roles for CD4 vs. CD8 T-Cells in a Murine Model of Virally Induced “T1 Black Hole” Formation

MRI is sensitive to tissue pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, most lesional MRI findings have limited correlation with disability. Chronic T1 hypointense lesions or “T1 black holes” (T1BH), observed in a subset of MS patients and thought to represent axonal damage, show moderate to strong correlation with disability. The pathogenesis of T1BH remains unclear. We previously reported the first and as of yet only model of T1BH formation in the Theiler's murine encephalitis virus induced model of acute CNS neuroinflammation induced injury, where CD8 T-cells are critical mediators of axonal damage and related T1BH formation. The purpose of this study was to further analyze the role of CD8 and CD4 T-cells through adoptive transfer experiments and to determine if the relevant CD8 T-cells are classic epitope specific lymphocytes or different subsets. C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and RAG-1 deficient mice as hosts in our adoptive transfer experiments. In vivo 3-dimensional MRI images were acquired using a 7 Tesla small animal MRI system. For image analysis, we used semi-automated methods in Analyze 9.1; transfer efficiency was monitored using FACS of brain infiltrating lymphocytes. Using a peptide depletion method, we demonstrated that the majority of CD8 T-cells are classic epitope specific cytotoxic cells. CD8 T-cell transfer successfully restored the immune system's capability to mediate T1BH formation in animals that lack adaptive immune system, whereas CD4 T-cell transfer results in an attenuated phenotype with significantly less T1BH formation. These findings demonstrate contrasting roles for these cell types, with additional evidence for a direct pathogenic role of CD8 T-cells in our model of T1 black hole formation.
The energy dependence of burst oscillations from the accreting millisecond pulsar XTE J1814−338

The nature of the asymmetry that gives rise to Type I X-ray burst oscillations on accreting neutron stars remains a matter of debate. Of particular interest is whether the burst oscillation mechanism differs between the bursting millisecond pulsars and the non-pulsing systems. One means to diagnose this is to study the energy dependence of the burst oscillations: here we present an analysis of oscillations from 28 bursts observed during the 2003 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar XTE J1814-338. We find that the fractional amplitude of the ' burst oscillations falls with energy, in contrast to the behaviour found by Muno et al. in the burst oscillations from a set of non-pulsing systems. The drop with energy mirrors that seen in the accretion-powered pulsations; in this respect XTE J1814-338 behaves like the other accreting millisecond pulsars. The burst oscillations show no evidence for either hard or soft lags, in contrast to the persistent pulsations, which show soft lags of up to 50 μs. The fall in amplitude with energy is inconsistent with current surface-mode and simple hotspot models of burst oscillations. We discuss improvements to the models and uncertainties in the physics that might resolve these issues.
Physical modeling of deprotection-induced thickness loss

High activation energy, chemically amplified resist systems exhibit a 4 percent to 15 percent volume shrinkage during the post-=exposure bake process. Current lithography process simulators do not take this volume shrinkage into account, thus violating the continuity equations used to model the process. This work aims at describing the kinetics of the post-exposure bake process by tracking the volume shrinkage observed in high activation resists. A dynamic model is derived and corroborated with experimental results for Shipley UV5. A global simulation technique is then used in conjunction with the models to extract the lithography parameters for these resists.
Effects of Problem-Based and Lecture-Based Instructional Strategies on Problem Solving Performance and Learner Attitudes in a High School Genetics Class

Literature Review This section of the paper provides a critical overview of the current state of research in the area of problem-based learning. The section begins with a brief review of the current understanding of problem solving as a cognitive process, and the need for research on the teaching and learning of problem solving. This is followed by an overview of the definition and design attributes of problem-based learning as an instructional strategy. The main portion of the section is dedicated to an analysis of the research findings published to date on the impact of problem-based learning on learner performance, attitudes, cognitive development, and metacognitive development. Some of the research on the conditions for the effective design of problem-based environments is also considered. Learning specialists generally agree that problem solving, together with several other core competencies (e.g. comprehending and composing, critical and creative thinking, and metacognition) is among the most important dimensions of thinking and learning (Jonassen, 1994). Nickerson (1994) has pointed to several of the reasons why the ability to engage in effective and purposeful problem solving is critical to the development of individuals and their communities. In order of increasing specificity, Nickerson (1994) argues that problem solving is (1) at the core of the survival of individuals and communities interacting with an increasingly complex external environment; (2) essential to developing and sustaining a democratic society, and; (3) an increasingly sought-after high level cognitive ability in the knowledge workplace of today. Despite the acknowledgement of the importance of developing problem solving skills, relatively little research has been conducted on this theme in the field of instructional design (Jonassen, 1994). Moreover, within the existing research base, even fewer contributions have been made to the development of instructional design approaches for ill-structured or complex problem solving instruction. The majority of the instructional design literature in the area of problem solving instruction points to the use of particular instructional strategies to support the acquisition of problem solving skills (e.g. cognitive apprenticeships and microworlds). However, these strategies have rarely been researched with sufficient rigor to ascertain their effectiveness in achieving the desired outcomes. A number of instructional strategies inspired by constructivist philosophy has been developed and researched over the last years. Such strategies have been applied particularly in instructional contexts where the intended learning outcomes are primarily of a higher order/complex nature (such as problem solving and analytical thinking.) Constructivist instructional strategies include …
Mutations in motif II of Escherichia coli DNA helicase II render the enzyme nonfunctional in both mismatch repair and excision repair with differential effects on the unwinding reaction

Site-directed mutagenesis has been employed to address the functional significance of the highly conserved aspartic and glutamic acid residues present in the Walker B (also called motif II) sequence in Escherichia coli DNA helicase II. Two mutant proteins, UvrDE221Q and UvrDD220NE221Q, were expressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. Biochemical characterization of the DNA-dependent ATPase activity of each mutant protein demonstrated a kcat that was < 0.5% of that of the wild-type protein, with no significant change in the apparent Km for ATP. The E221Q mutant protein exhibited no detectable unwinding of either partial duplex or blunt duplex DNA substrates. The D220NE221Q mutant, however, catalyzed unwinding of both partial duplex and blunt duplex substrates, but at a greatly reduced rate compared with that of the wild-type enzyme. Both mutants were able to bind DNA. Thus, the motif II mutants E221Q and D220NE221Q were able to bind ATP and DNA to the same extent as wild-type helicase II but demonstrate a significant reduction in ATP hydrolysis and helicase functions. The mutant uvrD alleles were also characterized by examining their abilities to complement the mutator and UV light-sensitive phenotypes of a uvrD deletion mutant. Neither the uvrDE221Q nor the uvrDD220NE221Q allele, supplied on a plasmid, was able to complement either phenotype. Further genetic characterization of the mutant uvrD alleles demonstrated that uvrDE221Q confers a dominant negative growth phenotype; the uvrDD220NE221Q allele does not exhibit this effect. The observed difference in effect on viability may reflect the gene products' dissimilar kinetics for unwinding duplex DNA substrates in vitro.
Imitative Obesity and Relative Utility

If human beings care about their relative weight, a form of imitative obesity can emerge (in which people subconsciously keep up with the weight of the Joneses). Using Eurobarometer data on 29 countries, this paper provides cross-sectional evidence that overweight perceptions and dieting are influenced by a person's relative BMI, and longitudinal evidence from the German Socioeconomic Panel that well-being is influenced by relative BMI. Highly educated people see themselves as fatter -- at any given actual weight -- than those with low education. These results should be treated cautiously, and fixed-effects estimates are not always well-determined, but there are grounds to take seriously the possibility of socially contagious obesity.
Community Structure in Online Collegiate Social Networks

We apply the tools of network analysis to study the roles of university organizations and affiliations in structuring the social networks of students by examining the graphs of Facebook “friendships” at five American universities at a single point in time. In particular, we investigate each single-institution network’s community structure, which we obtain by partitioning the graphs using an eigenvector method. We employ both graphical and quantitative tools, including pair-counting methods that we interpret through statistical analysis and permutation tests, to measure the correlations between the network communities and a set of self-identified user characteristics (residence, class year, major, and high school). We additionally investigate single-gender subsets of the university networks and also examine the impact of incomplete demographic information in the data. Our study across five universities allows one to make comparative observations about the online social lives at the different institutions, which can in turn be used to infer differences in offline lives. It also illustrates how to examine different instances of social networks constructed in similar environments, while emphasizing the array of social forces that combine to form simplified “communities” obtainable by the consideration of the friendship links. In an appendix, we review the basic properties and statistics of the employed paircounting similarity coefficients and recall, in simplified notation, a useful analytical formula for the z-score of the Rand coefficient.
Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy

The great moderation lulled macroeconomists and policymakers alike in the belief that we knew how to conduct macroeconomic policy. The crisis clearly forces us to question that assessment. In this paper, we review the main elements of the precrisis consensus, identify where we were wrong and what tenets of the precrisis framework still hold, and take a tentative first pass at the contours of a new macroeconomic policy framework. Copyright (c) 2010 The Ohio State University. The International Monetary Fund retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.
Melting and crystallization in Ni nanoclusters: The mesoscale regime

We studied melting and freezing of Ni nanoclusters with up to 8007 atoms ~5.7 nm! using molecular dynamics with the quantum-Sutten‐Chen many-body force field. We find a transition from cluster or molecular behavior below ;500 atoms to a mesoscale nanocrystal regime ~well-defined bulk and surface properties! above ;750 atoms ~2.7 nm! We find that the mesoscale nanocrystals melt via surface processes, leading to Tm,N5Tm,bulk2aN 21/3 , dropping from Tm,bulk51760 K to Tm,336 5980 K. Cooling from the melt leads first to supercooled clusters with icosahedral local structure. For N.400 the supercooled clusters transform to FCC grains, but smaller values of N lead to a glassy structure with substantial icosahedral character. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1373664#
Spatial filter adaptation based on the divergence framework for motor imagery EEG classification

To address the nonstationarity issue in EEG-based brain computer interface (BCI), the computational model trained using the training data needs to adapt to the data from the test sessions. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptation approach based on the divergence framework. Cross-session changes can be taken into consideration by searching the discriminative subspaces for test data on the manifold of orthogonal matrices in a semi-supervised manner. Subsequently, the feature space becomes more consistent across sessions and classifiers performance can be enhanced. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptation method yields improvements in classification performance.
Gaining a Competitive Edge: Longitudinal Associations Between Children’s Competitive Video Game Playing, Conduct Problems, Peer Relations, and Prosocial Behavior

Playful competition is an important hallmark of healthy child development. Playful competition facilitates moral learning, rewards perspective-taking skills, and challenges children to healthily regulate unpleasant emotions such as frustration, anger, and jealousy. Despite this, research on the effects of competitive video gaming has focused on antisocial outcomes, such as declines in prosocial behavior. Moreover, methodological shortcomings such as experimental studies using designs with poor generalizability, and a lack of longitudinal studies, leave open the influence of competitive gaming on social development among preadolescent children. This longitudinal study therefore investigated the relation between competitive gaming and changes in children’s social development across 3 measures: conduct problems, peer relations, and prosocial behavior. At 2 timepoints, 1 year apart, 184 Dutch children (8.31–12.68 years old) reported their gaming frequency and listed their favorite games to play, and their parents reported their children’s psychosocial health. Children’s nominations were coded as including or not including a competitive video game. Children who nominated a competitive game at the first time point were more likely to show a decrease in conduct problems and an improvement in peer relations. No interactions were observed between competitive gaming and gaming frequency. These results encourage future research to investigate the social benefits of playful competitive gaming among peers, and for future studies to take other variables such as violent content, cooperative play, and real world competitive play into account.
PENANAMAN BUDI PEKERTI MELALUI PERTUNJUKAN WAYANG GOLEK GARAP PADAT

The implanting of character or morals can be achieved through art appreciation and activity, forexample through the puppet show performance. Within performance art of puppet show, manyelements of moral education can be provided. This discussion promotes the problems about â€œhowthe character /moral elements in the puppet show performance can be used as the implanting ofmoral education for elementary students? â€. The goal of this research is to identify the moral elementsin the puppet show performance that can be seen though Sabet and vocabulary of utterance alongwith music accompaniment. This research also tries to describe the moral elements in the puppetshow performance as the moral teaching for elementary students. Based on the discussion, thereis a result that moral elements in wayang golek performance in shortened production can be seenon lakon element is chosen by suitable with the age from child to adult, sabet element by avoidingthe pornographic and sadism movement, utterance/ catur element by avoiding the harsh and dirtytalk and choose the respectful words. And music accompaniment /iringan elements by choosingthe respectful lyric and good songs.
HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV seropositive sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa.

BACKGROUND South Africa has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world and new infections may often result from people who have tested HIV positive. This study examined the sexual practices and risk behaviours of men and women living with HIV/AIDS being treated for a co-occurring sexually transmitted infection (STI). METHODS A sample of men and women receiving services at three South African STI clinics completed a computer administered behavioural assessment. RESULTS Among the 218 HIV positive STI clinic patients, 34 (16%) had engaged in unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse with uninfected or unknown HIV status sex partners in the previous month. A multivariate logistic regression indicated that unprotected sex with uninfected or unknown HIV status partners was independently associated with older age, female gender, alcohol use, and other drug use, and drug use in sexual contexts. CONCLUSIONS People living with HIV/AIDS who contract co-occurring STI are at significant risk for transmitting HIV to uninfected partners. Positive prevention interventions are urgently needed for South Africa.