Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Fathers Say About Involvement With Children After Separation

This article examines the potential impact of nonresponse on information about paternal involvement after separation by comparing the sample of mothers whose children have a nonresident father to the sample of nonresident fathers in the National Survey of Families and Households. We show that when the samples are restricted to parents of children who were born in a first marriage, resident mothers and nonresident fathers are similar on a variety of demographic characteristics, including racial composition, family size, and duration of separation. Although resident mothers and nonresident fathers in the restricted sample report more similar levels of paternal involvement after divorce than in the comparison of the unrestricted samples, fathers still report greater involvement than do mothers. Whether the respondent is the mother or father does not affect the factors that predict variation in child support receipts or payments or visits between nonresident fathers and children. The last part of the article examines nonresident fathers' attitudes toward their role as a parent. Fathers' evaluations of their role depend more on their remarriage and characteristics of the children in their new household than on involvement with children from a previous relationship.
Organizational Support, Job Resources, Soldiers’ Motivational Profiles, Work Engagement, and Affect

The authors examined the relationships between soldiers’ motivational profiles and work correlates. Results showed that the profiles differentially related to perceived organizational support and work engagement in both samples, as well as to communication, supervisor support, and positive and negative affect in Sample 2. Specifically, soldiers with the highest autonomous motivation scores displayed the highest levels of perceived organizational support and work engagement. Moreover, the highest levels of autonomous motivation were associated with the highest levels of communication, supervisor support, and positive affect. Finally, soldiers with low to moderate levels of autonomous motivation reported higher levels of negative affect than those characterized by high autonomous motivation scores. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Biased Lung Cancer Risk Perceptions : Smokers are

This paper provides new evidence on biased beliefs about the risks of smoking. First, it confirms the established tendency of people to overestimate the lifetime risk of a smoker to contract lung cancer. In this paper’s survey, almost half of all respondents overestimate this risk. However, 80% underestimate lung cancer deadliness, particularly heavy smokers and smokers who do not plan to quit. In reality, less than four in five patients survive five years after a lung cancer diagnosis. Due to the broad underestimation of the lung cancer deadliness, the risk of a smoker to die of lung cancer is underestimated by almost half of all respondents. Smokers who do not plan to quit are significantly more likely to underestimate this risk.
On moduli and effective theory of N = 1 warped flux compactifications

The moduli space of N = 1 type II warped compactions to flat space with generic internal fluxes is studied. Using the underlying integrable generalized complex structure that characterizes these vacua, the different deformations are classified by H-twisted generalized cohomologies and identified with chiral and linear multiplets of the effective four-dimensional theory. The Kahler potential for chiral fields corresponding to classically flat moduli is discussed. As an application of the general results, type IIB warped Calabi-Yau compactifications and other SU(3)-structure subcases are considered in more detail.
Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

In the United States, the seroprevalence rate for hepatitis E virus (HEV) is ≈20%. This study examined HEV seroprevalence in persons with and without chronic liver disease. Our data indicate that HEV seropositivity is high in patients with chronic liver disease and that HEV seroprevalence increases significantly with age.
Learner Resistance to English-medium instruction practices: a qualitative case study

ABSTRACT The internationalization of higher education has resulted in the growth of English-medium instruction (EMI) practices and research. The existing EMI research has documented learners’ favorable attitudes toward EMI but not necessarily its practices. Learners’ dissatisfaction has not been viewed as a form of resistance. Through the notion of learner resistance that underscores agency in defiance, this study examined the occurrences of learner resistance and the reasons for it by investigating Chinese learners’ experiences in an undergraduate business English-taught program in Taiwan. Multiple sources of data, including interviews, stories, and class observations, were gathered for analysis. The findings showed that most Chinese learners resisted an unhelpful curriculum, pedagogy, and context. Their resistance may be related not simply to academic disciplines but more importantly to a Confucian Heritage Culture of learning. Such findings highlight learner agency in resisting actions and call for further investigation into potential learner resistance in EMI practices.
Joint pilot assignment and resource allocation in multicell massive MIMO network: Throughput and energy efficiency maximization

In this paper, we study the joint pilot assignment and resource allocation for sum-rate (SR) (or throughput) and system energy efficiency (SEE) maximization in the multi-user and multi-cell (MU-MC) massive MIMO network. We consider the pilot contamination effect in the considered problems, which is known to fundamentally limit the network performance, and we jointly optimize the number of activated antennas together with power allocation and pilot assignment. We transform the problems into a subtractive optimization form based on which we develop efficient algorithms to solve both SR and SEE maximization problems. Specifically, we decompose each considered problem into two subproblems, namely optimization of power and number of antennas in the first sub-problem and pilot assignment in the second one, and iteratively solve both sub-problems until convergence. To solve the first sub-problem, we employ a successive convex approximation (SCA) technique to attain a solvable convex problem. In addition, we propose a novel iterative low-complexity algorithm based on the Hungarian method to solve the pilot assignment sub-problem. Numerical studies are conducted to illustrate the convergence of the proposed algorithms, impacts of different parameters on the total SR and SEE, and significant performance gains of the proposed solution compared to the case with conventional pilot assignment.
Reflective Narratives by Student Physical Therapists on Their Early Clinical Experiences: An Inductive and Deductive Analysis—The Use of a Reflective Framework

Introduction. Written narratives are used to develop reflective skills in health care students during clinical education. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using a framework in narrative writing to facilitate reflection in physical therapy students during their initial short-term clinical experiences. Subjects. Each of 20 written narratives by physical therapy students was explored during their first clinical short-term experience. Methods. Data analysis was an iterative process consisting of eight individual researchers and cross-group researcher analyses for the development of themes and levels of reflection. Descriptive statistics, percent agreement between pairs of researchers, was calculated based on the number of times the identical rating was assigned to a narrative by pairs of raters. The strength of agreement between researchers was measured using inferential statistics. Results. Five themes emerged; these were patient-centered care, professional role, ethical issues, critical thinking, and student and clinical instructor relationship. Researchers determined that all 20 narratives contained reflection compared with a previous study in which only 64% of the narratives examined contained reflective writing. Analysis showed percent agreement between eight researchers ranged from 60% to 85%, with a mean of 73%. The weighted Kappa scores ranged from fair to substantial agreement, with the exception of one rater who demonstrated poor agreement relative to the consensus. Conclusion. The results of this study support the use of a framework in narrative writing to foster reflection in physical therapy students during their initial clinical experiences. Consistent levels of reflection occur through the use of a model that helps students connect specific experiences with their thoughts and feelings about those experiences. There was moderate agreement among researchers in choosing levels of reflection across narratives.
Noradrenergic Deficits Contribute to Impairment in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Autosomal-dominant mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene increase the production and aggregation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and cause early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Noradrenergic cell loss is well documented in AD and has been posited to play a role in cognitive symptoms as well as disease progression. We investigated memory and affect, tissue levels of catecholamines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and bioenergetic homeostasis in TgCRND8 mice that express a double mutant (K670N/M671L + V717F) human APP695 transgene. We found that TgCRND8 mice develop object memory impairment and behavioural despair, as well as reductions in noradrenaline and BDNF expression in the hippocampus and cortex, before the appearance of Aβ plaques. Animals with more advanced Aβ pathology exhibit disruptions in energetic status, along with diminished complex I+III activity in the electron transport chain. To test whether the AD-like phenotypes of TgCRND8 mice might be due to altered noradrenergic tone, pre-plaque mice were treated with dexefaroxan, an antagonist of presynaptic inhibitory α2-adrenoceptors that are highly expressed on both noradrenergic and cholinergic terminals. Effects of
Model Predictive Control

Control design often seeks the best trajectory along which to move a system from its current state to a target state. Most control methods consider only the first step of the full trajectory toward the target state. Model predictive control considers the full sequence of steps required to move the system optimally from its current state to a future target. The control system then applies the first inputs to start the system along that optimal trajectory. However, rather than continuing, the system takes new inputs and recalculates a new optimal trajectory based on its updated information. The system then begins to move along the new trajectory, updates again, and adjusts its trajectory again. By repeated updating, the system can often perform very well with limited information about nonlinear dynamics and other uncertainties.
Phospholipase A2 is involved in the mechanism of activation of neutrophils by polychlorinated biphenyls.

Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), activates neutrophils to produce superoxide anion (O2-) by a mechanism that involves phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides; however, subsequent signal transduction mechanisms are unknown. We undertook this study to determine whether phospholipase A2-dependent release of arachidonic acid is involved in PCB-induced O2- production. We measured O2- production in vitro in glycogen-elicited, rat neutrophils in the presence and absence of the inhibitors of phospholipase A2: quinacrine, 4-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), and manoalide. All three agents significantly decreased the amount of O2- detected during stimulation of neutrophils with Aroclor 1242. Similar inhibition occurred when neutrophils were activated with the classical stimuli, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristate acetate. The effects of BPB and manoalide were not a result of cytotoxicity or other nonspecific effects, although data suggest that quinacrine is an O2- scavenger. Significant release of 3H-arachidonic acid preceded O2- production in neutrophils stimulated with Aroclor 1242 or fMLP. Manoalide, at a concentration that abolished O2- production, also inhibited the release of 3H-arachidonate. Aspirin, zileuton, or WEB 2086 did not affect Aroclor 1242-induced O2- production, suggesting that eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor are not needed for neutrophil activation by PCBs. Activation of phospholipase A2 and O2- production do not appear to involve the Ah receptor because a congener with low affinity, but not one with high affinity for this receptor, stimulated the release of arachidonic acid and O2-. These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 stimulates neutrophils to produce O2- by a mechanism that involves phospholipase A2-dependent release of arachidonic acid. ImagesFigure 1. AFigure 1. BFigure 2.Figure 3.Figure 4. AFigure 4. BFigure 4. CFigure 5. AFigure 5. BFigure 5. CFigure 6. AFigure 6. BFigure 6. CFigure 6. D
Should the Shady Steal Thunder? The Effects of Crisis Communication Timing, Pre‐Crisis Reputation Valence, and Crisis Type on Post‐Crisis Organizational Trust and Purchase Intention

A scenario-based 2 (communication timing: stealing thunder vs. thunder) × 2 (pre-crisis reputation valence: positive vs. negative) × 2 (crisis type: product-harm vs. moral-harm) between-subjects experiment was implemented with 273 Dutch participants to address the question of whether or not the positive effects of stealing thunder depend on pre-crisis reputation valence and crisis type. Statistical analyses reveal that stealing thunder by an organization with a positive pre-crisis reputation results in higher post-crisis trust and purchase intention levels than stealing thunder by an organization with a negative pre-crisis reputation. Moreover, crisis type interacts with crisis communication timing in influencing post-crisis trust and purchase intention, as stealing thunder works better than thunder during a product-harm crisis.
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXVIII. THE MULTIPLICITY FRACTION OF NEARBY STARS FROM 5 TO 70 AU AND THE BROWN DWARF DESERT AROUND M DWARFS

We report on our analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS snapshot high-resolution images of 255 stars in 201 systems within ∼10 pc of the Sun. Photometry was obtained through filters F110W, F180M, F207M, and F222M using NICMOS Camera 2. These filters were selected to permit clear identification of cool brown dwarfs through methane contrast imaging. With a plate scale of 76 mas pixel−1, NICMOS can easily resolve binaries with subarcsecond separations in the 19. ″5×19. ″5 field of view. We previously reported five companions to nearby M and L dwarfs from this search. No new companions were discovered during the second phase of data analysis presented here, confirming that stellar/substellar binaries are rare. We establish magnitude and separation limits for which companions can be ruled out for each star in the sample, and then perform a comprehensive sensitivity and completeness analysis for the subsample of 138 M dwarfs in 126 systems. We calculate a multiplicity fraction of 0.0+3.5−0.0% for L companions to M dwarfs in the separation range of 5–70 AU, and 2.3+5.0−0.7% for L and T companions to M dwarfs in the separation range of 10–70 AU. We also discuss trends in the color–magnitude diagrams using various color combinations and present astrometry for 19 multiple systems in our sample. Considering these results and results from several other studies, we argue that the so-called brown dwarf desert extends to binary systems with low-mass primaries and is largely independent of primary mass, mass ratio, and separations. While focusing on companion properties, we discuss how the qualitative agreement between observed companion mass functions and initial mass functions suggests that the paucity of brown dwarfs in either population may be due to a common cause and not due to binary formation mechanisms.
Feasibility of introducing a comprehensive integrated package of antenatal care services in rural public clinics in South Africa.

The main objective was to develop and test an improved and integrated antenatal care programme for public sector clinics that will increase the range and quality of services received by pregnant women and improves their reproductive health behaviour and status. Specific aims 1. To assess the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an improved and integrated package of ANC services; 2. To assess the impact of training of ANC providers on their ability to provide quality integrated ANC services; 3. To assess the feasibility acceptability quality and incremental cost of introducing onsite syphilis screening by ANC providers at the clinic level; 4. To assess the effect of the improved ANC package on client and provider satisfaction with antenatal services. (excerpt)
Why do physicians think parents expect antibiotics? What parents report vs what physicians believe.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between parent expectations for antibiotics, parent communication behaviors, and physicians' perceptions of parent expectations for antibiotics. STUDY DESIGN A nested cross-sectional study with parallel measures of parents presenting children for acute respiratory infections (previsit) and physicians (postvisit) and audiotaping of the encounters. POPULATION Ten physicians in 2 private pediatric practices (1 community-based and 1 university-based) and a consecutive sample of 306 eligible parents (response rate, 86%) who were attending sick visits for their children between October 1996 and March 1997. OUTCOMES MEASURED Communication behaviors used by parents expecting antibiotics and physicians' perceptions of parents' expectations. RESULTS Parents' use of "candidate diagnoses" during problem presentation increased the likelihood that physicians would perceive parents as expecting antibiotics (from 29% to 47%; P=.04), as did parents' use of "resistance to the diagnosis" (an increase from 7% to 20%). In the multivariate model, parents' use of candidate diagnoses increased the odds that a doctor would perceive a parental expectation for antibiotics by more than 5 times (odds ratio, 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.74-7.31; Plt.001), and parents' use of resistance to a viral diagnosis increased these odds by nearly 3 times (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.97-3.79; Plt.001). CONCLUSIONS Parents perceived as expecting antibiotics may be seeking reassurance that their child is not seriously ill or that they were correct to obtain medical care. Physicians were significantly more likely to perceive parents as expecting antibiotics if they used certain communication behaviors. This study revealed an incongruity between parents' reported expectations, their communication behaviors, and physicians' perceptions of parents' expectations.
Attaining the Active School Flag: How physical activity provision can be enhanced in Irish primary schools

The provision of regular physical activity opportunities has the potential to have positive health benefits for children. This study used qualitative interviews and focus groups to examine the experiences of two Irish primary school communities as they worked to attain an Active School Flag. The data suggest that engagement in this formal physical activity initiative impacts positively on children’s engagement in physical activity. Schools were encouraged to embark on innovative activities that attracted widespread participation within schools and in the wider community. The establishment of links with community groups fostered collaborations that were empowering and inclusive. This research supports the contention that primary school initiatives can provide enhanced physical activity opportunities for children, and may provide guidance to national and international policy-makers as they devise school-based physical activity interventions.
Gender and performance of community treatment assistants in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of gender and demographics of community treatment assistants (CTAs) on their performance of assigned tasks and quantity of speech during mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma in rural Tanzania. DESIGN Surveys of CTAs and audio recordings of interactions between CTAs and villagers during drug distribution. SETTING Mass drug administration program in rural Kongwa district. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-seven randomly selected CTAs, and 3122 residents of villages receiving azithromycin as part of the Kongwa Trachoma Project. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Speech quantity graded by Roter interaction analysis system, presence of culturally appropriate greeting and education on facial hygiene for trachoma prevention from coded analysis of audio-recorded interactions. RESULTS At sites with all female CTAs, each CTA spent more time and spoke more in each interaction in comparison with CTAs at sites with only male CTAs and CTAs at 'mixed gender' sites (sites with both male and female CTAs). At 'mixed gender' sites, males spoke significantly more than females. Female CTAs mentioned trachoma prevention with facial cleanliness more than twice as often as male CTAs; however, both genders mentioned hygiene in <10% of interactions. Both genders had culturally appropriate greetings in <25% of interactions. CONCLUSIONS Gender dynamics affect the amount of time that CTAs spend with villagers during drug distribution, and the relative amount of speech when both genders work together. Both genders are not meeting expectations for trachoma prevention education and greeting villagers, and novel training methods are necessary.