Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis at a tertiary care centre of northern India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Multiresistant enterococci are emerging as a leading nosocomial pathogen. Knowledge of the profile of antimicrobial resistance is essential to formulate treatment guidelines for infections caused by enterococci. This study reports the antimicrobial sensitivity of enterococci isolated during a one year period from clinical samples of patients admitted to a teriary care hospital of Delhi. METHODS A total of 444 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disk diffusion technique as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Screening for vancomycin resistance was done by the vancomycin screen agar method recommended by NCCLS, which was confirmed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using microbroth dilution and E-test methods. Vancomycin resistance phenotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 115 (26%) isolates had high level aminoglycoside resistance, 293 (66%) were resistant to ampicillin, 391 (88%) to ciprofloxacin and 377 (85%) to erythromycin. Vancomycin resistance was found in five (1%) isolates, of which four had van A phenotype and one had van B phenotype. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Emergence of vancomycin resistant enterococci is of concern due to the limited therapeutic options. Implementation of infection control measures can contain the spread of these resistant bacteria.
The effect of resource history on the functioning of soil microbial communities is maintained across time

Historical resource conditions appear to influ- ence microbial community function. With time, histori- cal influences might diminish as populations respond to the contemporary environment. Alternatively, they may persist given factors such as contrasting genetic potentials for adap- tation to a new environment. Using experimental micro- cosms, we test competing hypotheses that function of dis- tinct soil microbial communities in common environments (H1a) converge or (H1b) remain dissimilar over time. Us- ing a 6◊ 2 (soil community inoculum ◊ litter environment) full-factorial design, we compare decomposition rates in ex- perimental microcosms containing grass or hardwood litter environments. After 100 days, communities that develop are inoculated into fresh litters and decomposition followed for another 100 days. We repeat this for a third, 100-day pe- riod. In each successive, 100-day period, we find higher de- composition rates (i.e. functioning) suggesting communities function better when they have an experimental history of the contemporary environment. Despite these functional gains, differences in decomposition rates among initially distinct communities persist, supporting the hypothesis that dissimi- larity is maintained across time. In contrast to function, com- munity composition is more similar following a common, ex- perimental history. We also find that "specialization" on one experimental environment incurs a cost, with loss of func- tion in the alternate environment. For example, experimen- tal history of a grass-litter environment reduced decompo- sition when communities were inoculated into a hardwood- litter environment. Our work demonstrates experimentally that despite expectations of fast growth rates, physiological flexibility and rapid evolution, initial functional differences between microbial communities are maintained across time. These findings question whether microbial dynamics can be omitted from models of ecosystem processes if we are to pre- dict reliably global change effects on biogeochemical cycles.
Rank-Nullity Theorem in Linear Algebra

In this article we present a proof of the result known in Linear Algebra as the “rank nullity Theorem”, which states that, given any linear form f from a finite dimensional vector space V to a vector space W , then the dimension of V is equal to the dimension of the kernel of f (which is a subspace of V ) and the dimension of the range of f (which is a subspace of W ). The proof presented here is based on the one given in [1]. It makes use of the HOL-Multivariate-Analysis session of Isabelle, and of several of its results and definitions. As a corollary of the previous theorem, and taking advantage of the relationship between linear forms and matrices, we prove that, for every matrix A (which has associated a linear form between finite dimensional vector spaces), the sum of its null space and its column space (which is equal to the range of the linear form) is equal to the number of columns of A.
Pediatric stone disease: an evolving experience.

PURPOSE The presentation and management of pediatric stone disease have changed due to early identification and treatment of congenital urological conditions, as well as technological advances. Therefore, we reviewed our 12-year experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 123 patients with 158 stones presented from 1991 to 2003. The 46 boys and 77 girls were 8 months to 25 years old, including 5 boys (4%) younger than 3 years, 46 (37%) 4 to 12 years old and 72 (59%) older than 13 years. A 24-hour urine collection was done in 50 patients (41%) and serum chemistry studies were performed in 66 (54%). RESULTS The seasons of presentation were fall in 41% of cases, summer in 24%, spring in 22% and winter in 13%. Of the patients 94 (76%) had loin pain, 10 (8%) had urinary tract infections, 13 (11%) had a history urinary tract infection, 18 (15%) had gross hematuria, 14 (11%) had structural urological abnormalities and 7 (6%) had neurogenic bladder. Metabolic abnormalities were uncommon and included hypercalciuria in 12%, hyperoxaluria in 2% and cystinuria in 2%. A total of 57 patients (46%) passed the stones and 34 (28%) underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, of whom 24 (71%) became stone-free. Ureteroscopy was performed in 10 patients (8%) 6 to 19 years old, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy was done in 4 (3%) and 4 (3%) underwent open surgery. Stone analysis showed calcium based in 88% of the cases, struvite in 7% and cystine in 5%. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients had no congenital abnormalities. Early diagnosis of urological abnormalities and urinary infection, and appropriate management of neurogenic bladder may have reduced the incidence in those groups. Most stones are calcium based but occur in the absence of metabolic disturbances. More patients presented in the fall, perhaps reflecting the increased concentration of urine in the summer. Half of the patients passed the stones and shock wave lithotripsy was curative in most others. Ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and open surgery were rarely required.
Laminar differences in field potential morphology and long‐term potentiation in motor cortex coronal slices from both unstimulated and previously potentiated rats

We have reported that long‐term potentiation (LTP) can be reliably induced in motor cortex of adult, freely moving rats by the application of spaced and repeated high frequency stimulating trains to the white matter. In the present study, we monitored field potentials (FPs) and LTP in both layer II/III and V in coronal slices of motor cortex taken from implanted control and previously potentiated Long–Evans rats. The baseline FP amplitudes were decreased in layer II/III, and the amplitude of small spikes was significantly increased in layer V in slices from previously potentiated rats compared to unpotentiated control rats. In response to high frequency stimulation applied to the slice itself, both implanted control and previously potentiated rats showed similar levels of LTP in layer II/III. LTP could not be induced in layer V. These results show that layer II/III and V respond differently to high frequency stimulation in vitro. In addition, layer II/III responds very differently in slice compared to chronic preparations.
Interleukin-12p40 Modulates Human Metapneumovirus-Induced Pulmonary Disease in an Acute Mouse Model of Infection

The mechanisms that regulate the host immune response induced by human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a newly-recognized member of the Paramyxoviridae family, are largely unknown. Cytokines play an important role in modulating inflammatory responses during viral infections. IL-12p40, a known important mediator in limiting lung inflammation, is induced by hMPV and its production is sustained after the resolution phase of infection suggesting that this cytokine plays a role in the immune response against hMPV. In this work, we demonstrated that in mice deficient in IL-12p40, hMPV infection induced an exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory response and mucus production, altered cytokine response, and decreased lung function. However, hMPV infection in these mice does not have an effect on viral replication. These results identify an important regulatory role of IL-12p40 in hMPV infection.
Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy after sudden, unexpected life-threatening illness or injury: interactions between patients' families, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system.

BACKGROUND Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in intensive care units is increasing. Patients' families are intimately involved in this process because the patients are usually unable to participate. Little is known about family members' interactions with healthcare providers and the healthcare system during this process. OBJECTIVE To describe the interactions between patients' family members, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system during withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy after a sudden, unexpected illness or injury. METHODS The investigation was part of a larger interpretative phenomenological study. Nineteen families (56 family members) who participated in the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for a family member were interviewed and observed. An inductive approach to data analysis was used to discover units of meaning, clusters, and categories. RESULTS The families' experiences involved a variety of dimensions, including issues with healthcare providers (bonds and consistency with nurses and physicians, physicians' presence, information, coordination of care, family meetings, sensitivity to time, and preparation for the dying process) and issues with the healthcare system (parking, struggles with finding privacy, and transfers of patients). CONCLUSIONS Patients' families need information, guidance, and support as the families participate in the process of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. The results of this study have important implications for clinical practice and future research.
The ChiA (YheB) protein of Escherichia coli K‐12 is an endochitinase whose gene is negatively controlled by the nucleoid‐structuring protein H‐NS

The chromosome of Escherichia coli K‐12 contains a putative gene, yheB (chiA), at centisome 74.7, whose product shows sequence similarity with chitinases of bacterial and viral origin. We cloned the chiA (yheB) gene and demonstrated that it codes for a 94.5 kDa periplasmic protein with endochitinase/lysozyme activity. Under standard laboratory growth conditions, chiA expression is very low, as shown by the Lac− phenotype of a chiA transcriptional fusion to a promoterless lacZ reporter. To identify factors that control chitinase gene expression, we generated random Tn10 insertions in the chromosome of the fusion‐containing strain, selecting for a Lac+ phenotype. The majority of the mutations that caused a Lac+ phenotype mapped to the hns gene, encoding the nucleoid‐structuring protein H‐NS. Transcription of chiA in vivo is driven by a single σ70 promoter and is derepressed in an hns mutant. Using a competitive gel retardation assay, we demonstrated that H‐NS binds directly and with high affinity to the chiA promoter region. In addition to hns, other E. coli mutations causing defects in global regulatory proteins, such as fis, crp or stpA in combination with hns, increased chiA expression to different extents, as did decreasing the growth temperature from 37°C to 30°C. A possible physiological function of ChiA (YheB) endochitinase in E. coli K‐12 is discussed.
"Palmas para mulheres mil" em comunidades Quilombolas: a participação do IFPR – Câmpus Palmas no programa nacional de inclusão social

Essa dissertacao teve como objetivo analisar a participacao do Instituto Federal do Parana – Câmpus Palmas em um programa de inclusao social atraves do Projeto de extensao, denominado Palmas para Mulheres Mil, que propoe elevacao de escolaridade e a qualificacao profissional das participantes. Este Projeto de extensao tem suas acoes respaldadas na politica publica “Programa Nacional Mulheres Mil”, com perspectiva de genero, cujo objetivo, entre outros, e promover a inclusao educacional, produtiva e social de mulheres em situacao de vulnerabilidade social. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como documental e de campo exploratoria, isto e, utilizamos documentos oficiais do Programa Nacional Mulheres Mil, documentos oficiais do IFPR e documentos da Comunidade Quilombola. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos questionarios preenchidos na pre-inscricao elaborado pela coordenacao do Projeto, questionario de avaliacao no final do Projeto, elaborado pela pesquisadora e entrevistas semiestruturada para as alunas concluintes, com o objetivo de caracterizar o perfil das alunas e as questoes educacionais das mesmas, bem como os impactos pessoais e profissionais causados pelo Projeto. Utilizamos ainda, entrevista semiestruturada com a Direcao Geral e a Direcao de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensao do IFPR - Câmpus Palmas, com o objetivo de investigar como se deu a participacao do Instituto Federal do Parana – Câmpus Palmas e o desenvolvimento do referido Projeto; entrevista com a coordenacao do Projeto de extensao, com o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento do Projeto e sua contribuicao para a instituicao; e entrevista com os docentes que desenvolveram atividades no Projeto, objetivando refletir sobre a pratica docente em um curso de formacao e qualificacao voltado para mulheres em condicoes de vulnerabilidade social. Assim, foi realizada uma revisao teorica acerca das principais categorias elencadas: politica publica, politica publica com perspectiva de genero, extensao universitaria e quilombola que subsidiaram essa pesquisa, seguida da apresentacao dos resultados. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam que as acoes desenvolvidas neste Projeto alcancaram alguns objetivos almejados, no entanto nao conseguiu dar conta plenamente da sua proposta inicial, como a elevacao de escolaridade e a insercao no mercado de trabalho da maioria das alunas, mas a autoestima das alunas proporcionada pelo Projeto abriu as portas do direito de sonhar com dias melhores.
Bachelors and Bunnies: The Sexual Politics of Playboy

For a lot of people, thoughts about the sexual politics of Playboy run along the lines of what Gloria Steinem reportedly once told Hugh Hefner: 'A woman reading Playboy feels a little like a Jew reading a Nazi manual. ' Hefner's magazine celebrates men as swinging bachelors and women as objects of desire; ergo, it's sexist. Not so fast, says Carrie Pitzulo. With "Bachelors and Bunnies", she delves into the history of the magazine to reveal its surprisingly strong record of support for women's rights and the modernization of sexual and gender roles. Taking readers behind the scenes of Playboy's heyday, Pitzulo shows how Hefner's own complicated but thoughtful perspective on modern manhood, sexual liberation, and feminism played into debates-both in the editorial offices and on the magazine's pages-about how Playboy's trademark "girl next door" appeal could accommodate, acknowledge, and even honor the changing roles and new aspirations of women in postwar America. Revealing interviews with Hugh Hefner, his daughter (and later Playboy CEO) Christie Hefner, and a number of editors and even Playmates show that even as the magazine continued to present a romanticized notion of gender difference, it again and again demonstrated a commitment to equality and expanded opportunities for women. Offering a surprising new take on a twentieth-century icon, "Bachelors and Bunnies" goes beyond the smoking jacket and the centerfold to uncover an unlikely ally for the feminist cause.
Evaluation of 2 Measures of Psychological Distress as Screeners for Depression in the General Population

Objective: Structured diagnostic interviews are very time-consuming and therefore increase both the expense and the respondent burden in epidemiologic surveys. A 2-staged interview that screens potential cases before the full diagnostic instrument is administered has the potential to greatly reduce the average interview length. In this paper, we evaluate 2 measures of psychological distress (the Kessler 6- and 10-Item Psychological Distress Scales [K6 and K10]) as potential screening instruments for depression. Methods: We use data from Cycle 1.2 of the Canadian Community Health Survey and receiver operator characteristic analysis to examine the agreement between the K6 and K10 and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview module for major depression (1-month and 12-month estimates). Results: Of the respondents, 823 were positive for 1-month depression (2.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8% to 2.2%), and 1930 were positive for 12-month depression (4.8%; 95%CI, 4.5% to 5.1%). Both the K6 and K10 performed very well as predictors of 1-month depression, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 (95%CI, 0.908 to 0.949) for the K10 and 0.926 (95%CI, 0.905 to 0.947) for the K6. For 12-month depression, the AUCs remained good at 0.866 (95%CI, 0.848 to 0.883) for the K10 and 0.858 (95%CI, 0.840 to 0.876) for the K6. Conclusions: Both the K6 and the K10 appear to be excellent screening instruments, especially for current depression. Although performance of the 2 instruments is similar, the K6 is more attractive for use as a screening instrument because of the lower response burden.
Linear Doherty PA at 5 GHz

At the 2014 International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014) in Tampa, Florida, the power amplifier (PA) design competition celebrated its tenth anniversary. Back in 2004, it was the first student design competition that the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) organized and, since then, the only one that has been held regularly every year. We started to participate in this competition in 2012, which also happened to be the year when a significant change in the competition rules was adopted. Starting in 2012, the power-added efficiency (PAE) in the figure of merit (FOM) that is used to evaluate the PAs, FOM = PAE/4? f, was measured at a power level at which the intermodulation distortion (IMD) that the PA produces from a two-tone excitation first exceeds 30 dBc. With that new rule, not only did linearity start to play a major role but also the test signal changed from continuous wave (CW) to a modulated signal with a peak to average ratio of 3 dB.
Effect of single or double insemination on fertility of sows bred at an induced estrus and ovulation

Summary Objective: To determine the effect of por-cine luteinizing hormone (pLH) on time ofovulation and subsequent fertility to singleor double artiﬁcial insemination (AI). Materials and methods: In ExperimentOne, 17 sows received equine chorionicgonadotropin (eCG; 600 IU) intramuscularly(IM) at weaning, then 5 mg pLH IM 80hours later to induce ovulation. Time ofovulation was determined using transrectalreal-time ultrasonography. In ExperimentTwo, 567 sows were assigned to ﬁve treat-ments: no hormone treatments, AI AM and PM day 5 after weaning; eCG at weaning;AI AM and PM day 5 after weaning; pLH80 hours after weaning, AI 36 and 44 hourslater; eCG at weaning, pLH 80 hours later,AI 36 and 44 hours after pLH; eCG atweaning, pLH 80 hours later, AI 36 hoursafter pLH.Results: Time from pLH to ovulation was38.2 ± 2.8 hours (range, 34.25 to 42.5hours). Of the 567 weaned sows, 530(93.5%) were bred and 403 (76.0%) far-rowed. There was no effect of eCG on sub-sequent fertility. Farrowing rate was higher(
The Kindler Syndrome Protein Is Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Involved in Integrin-mediated Adhesion*

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contributes to tumor invasion and cancer progression by increasing the motility of tumor cells. To identify genes involved in TGF-β-mediated cell migration, the transcriptional profiles of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) treated with TGF-β were compared with untreated cells by cDNA microarray analysis. One gene up-regulated by TGF-β was recently named kindlerin (Jobard, F., Bouadjar, B., Caux, F., Hadj-Rabia, S., Has, C., Matsuda, F., Weissenbach, J., Lathrop, M., Prud'homme, J. F., and Fischer, J. (2003) Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 925–935). This gene is significantly overexpressed in some cancers (Weinstein, E. J., Bourner, M., Head, R., Zakeri, H., Bauer, C., and Mazzarella, R. (2003) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1637, 207–216), and mutations in this gene lead to Kindler syndrome, an autosomal-recessive genodermatosis. TGF-β stimulation of HMEC resulted in a marked induction of kindlerin RNA, and Western blotting demonstrated a corresponding increase in protein abundance. Kindlerin displays a putative FERM (four point one ezrin radixin moesin) domain that is closely related to the sequences in talin that interact with integrin β subunit cytoplasmic domains. The critical residues in the talin FERM domain that mediate integrin binding show a high degree of conservation in kindlerin. Furthermore, kindlerin is recruited into a molecular complex with the β1A and β3 integrin cytoplasmic domains. Consistent with these biochemical findings, kindlerin is present at focal adhesions, sites of integrin-rich, membrane-substratum adhesion. Additionally, kindlerin is required for normal cell spreading. Taken together, these data suggest a role for kindlerin in mediating cell processes that depend on integrins.
Comparing time and frequency domain for audio event recognition using deep learning

Recognizing acoustic events is an intricate problem for a machine and an emerging field of research. Deep neural networks achieve convincing results and are currently the state-of-the-art approach for many tasks. One advantage is their implicit feature learning, opposite to an explicit feature extraction of the input signal. In this work, we analyzed whether more discriminative features can be learned from either the time-domain or the frequency-domain representation of the audio signal. For this purpose, we trained multiple deep networks with different architectures on the Freiburg-106 and ESC-10 datasets. Our results show that feature learning from the frequency domain is superior to the time domain. Moreover, additionally using convolution and pooling layers, to explore local structures of the audio signal, significantly improves the recognition performance and achieves state-of-the-art results.