Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Abstract• This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire. • The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences. • Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development. • The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks. Résumé• Cette revue bibliographique s’intéresse aux effets de la sylviculture sur la sensibilité des peuplements forestiers aux principaux agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques que sont les mammifères herbivores, les insectes ravageurs, les champignons pathogènes, le feu et les vents forts. • Les pratiques forestières analysées sont la sélection et la préparation des sites de reboisement, la définition de la composition en essences et le choix du matériel génétique, les méthodes de régénération et d’entretien, les modalités d’éclaircie et d’élagage, le mode de récolte finale. L’influence de chacune de ces opérations sur l’occurrence des agents de dégâts biotiques et abiotiques et sur la sensibilité des peuplements est examinée ainsi que les processus écologiques sous-jacents. • Les opérations sylvicoles qui se révèlent les plus déterminantes pour la sensibilité des forêts en Europe sont celles qui affectent la composition et la structure de la strate arborée. Quatre principaux processus écologiques semblent expliquer la relation entre sylviculture et sensibilité des peuplements : la modification du micro-climat, l’apport de ressources ou de combustible aux agents de dégâts, l’amélioration du contrôle biologique par les ennemis naturels et l’altération de la physiologie et du développement des arbres. • Cette revue permet donc d’envisager le développement de méthodes de gestion des peuplements forestiers qui permettent d’atteindre les objectifs de production tout en minimisant les risques de dégâts sanitaires.
Evaluation of the Macular, Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer and Choroid Thickness Changes in Behçet's Disease with Spectral-Domain OCT

Purpose. To assess the macular, choroid, and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) in Behçet's disease (BD) patients with and without ocular involvement by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare these findings with healthy controls. Design. Eighty patients with BD and 40 healthy controls who were followed up at the Uveitis and Retina Clinic of the Kayseri Research and Education Hospital in Turkey were enrolled in this prospective study. Subjects and Controls. The patients with BD were divided into two groups according to the presence of ocular involvement. Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes of 40 patients with ocular involvement and group 2 consisted of 40 eyes of 40 patients without ocular involvement. Methods. All of the patients and controls underwent macular, choroid, and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness analysis with Spectralis domain OCT (Spectralis OCT Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany). Main Outcome Measures. The differences in macular, choroid, and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thicknesses between groups were analyzed statistically. Results. Macular thickness was thinner in patients with BD than in the control group; this result was statistically significant (P = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in thickness between RNFL analysis of the patients with BD and control subjects. However, the BD patients with ocular involvement had statistically significant thinning in RNFL compared with BD patients without ocular involvement. Although the choroid was thicker in patients with BD than in the control group, it did not reach a statistically significant level (P = 0.382). Conclusions. BD with ocular involvement may be associated with decreased macular and RNFL thickness measured with spectral-domain OCT.
Criminal Investigative Failures

THE BASICS Introduction, D. KIM ROSSMO Cognitive Biases: Perception, Intuition, and Tunnel Vision, D. KIM ROSSMO Organizational Traps: Groupthink, Rumor, and Ego, D. KIM ROSSMO Errors in Probability: Chance and Randomness in Forensics and Profiling, D. KIM ROSSMO COGNITIVE BIASES Cognitive Biases in Human Perception, Judgment, and Decision Making: Bridging Theory and the Real World, ITIEL E. DROR AND PETER A. F. FRASER-MACKENZIE Bounded Rationality and Criminal Investigations: Has Tunnel Vision Been Wrongfully Convicted? BRENT SNOOK AND RICHARD M. CULLEN On the Horns of a Narrative: Judgment, Heuristics, and Biases in Criminal Investigation, DAVID STUBBINS AND NELSON STUBBINS CASE STUDIES Who Killed Stephanie Crowe? GREGG O. MCCRARY Milgaard v. The Queen: Understanding a Wrongful Conviction for Sexual Homicide, NEIL BOYD AND D. KIM ROSSMO A False Confession to Murder in Washington, D.C., JAMES TRAINUM AND DIANA M. HAVLIN What Happened to Theresa Allore? JOHN ALLORE AND PATRICIA PEARSON Wrongful Innocence Claims: Roger Coleman and Benjamin LaGuer, D. KIM ROSSMO RECOMMENDATIONS How Police Departments Can Reduce the Risk of Wrongful Convictions, DOUG A. LEPARD AND ELIZABETH CAMPBELL Reducing Investigative Failures through Effective Major Case Leadership, JOHN C. HOUSE, JOSEPH EASTWOOD, AND BRENT SNOOK Necropsies and the Cold Case, JASON ROACH AND KEN PEASE Recommendations and Conclusion, D. KIM ROSSMO Bibliography
Dopaminergic modulation of odor responses by local interneurons in the olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb is one of the few regions in the brain where dopamine is provided locally by an intrinsic population of GABAergic interneurons but their role in processing of sensory information remains ambiguous. I examined the function of dopamine in processing of natural odors within the intact olfactory bulb of zebrafish by a combination of calcium-sensitive dye imaging and electrophysiological recordings in conjunction with traditional pharmacological manipulations and optogenetic stimulation. My results demonstrate that dopamine does not exert a prominent effect on olfactory nerve input. Instead, it directly modulates mitral cell properties by means of D2 receptors. Bath application of dopamine had a direct hyperpolarizing effect on mitral cells, resulting in an increase in neuronal response threshold and a suppression of spontaneous firing. As a direct consequence of the shift in response threshold, weak excitatory and inhibitory odor responses were abolished, whereas strong odor responses were enhanced. Therefore, the contrast within odor responses was enhanced, while the general pattern of activity remained rather stable. To directly analyze endogenous dopamine release I stimulated periglomerular cells using optogenetic tools. Experiments revealed a very slow dopaminergic effect that gradually built up over several seconds. It is therefore unlikely that dopamine directly participates in initial odor processing, but rather provides a mechanism to adapt the system to slow changes in the environment. Potential functions could be a channel-autonomous background subtraction or a global contrast enhancement.
Parent Involvement Facilitators: Unlocking Social Capital Wealth.

This case study provides an overview of a family outreach intervention that supports student retention in school through a school–home communication link. This intervention structure, which employs staff appropriately called par ent involvement facilitators (PIFs), is one that school districts have employed to facilitate family engagement in schools and to help parents build their sense of efficacy to support their children’s success in school. The intention of the PIF is to provide direct services to families whose child or children are identified as at risk of not completing high school. What has not been studied is how this outreach program works in terms of family support, especially for those in an urban setting with language complexities, and how it helps provide social capital to the family and also to the PIF in this reciprocal process of working together to help the children complete high school.
Investigation of radiometric partial discharge detection for use in switched HVDC testing

This paper reports on initial trials of a non-contact radio frequency partial discharge detection technique that has potential for use within fast switching HVDC test systems. Electromagnetic environments of this type can arise within important electrical transmission nodes such converter stations, so the methods described could in future be useful for condition monitoring purposes. The radiometric technique is outlined and the measurement system and its components are described. Preliminary field trials are reported and results presented for a discharge detected in part of the HV test system during set-up for long-term testing of a reactor. The calculated and observed locations of the discharge were in agreement to within 60 cm inside a test housing of diameter 5 m and height 8 m. Techniques for improving the location accuracy are discussed. The issue of data volume presents a considerable challenge for the RF measurement techniques. On the basis of observations, strategies for moving towards automated interpretation of the partial discharge signals are proposed, which will make use of intelligent software techniques
Histological Studies Of The Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On The Lateral Geniculate Body Of Adult Wistar Rats

Histological effects of Monosodium glutamate (MSG) commonly used as food additive on one of the visual relay centres namely the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of adult Wistar rat was studied. The rats of both sexes (n=24), average weight of 185g were randomly assigned into two treatments (n=16) and control (n=8) groups. The rats in the treatment groups received 3g and 6g of MSG thoroughly mixed with their feeds for fourteen days, while the control rats received equal amounts of feeds without MSG added. The rats were fed with growers' mash purchased from Edo Feeds and Flour Mill Ltd, Ewu, Edo State and were given water liberally. The rats were sacrificed on day fifteen of the experiment. The lateral geniculate body was carefully dissected out and quickly fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde for routine histological study. The histological findings after H&E staining indicated that the treated section of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) showed some varying degree of reduced cellular population based on its sparse distribution, degenerative changes, cellular hypertrophy, and intercellular vacuolations appearing in the stroma. These findings indicate that MSG consumption may have a deleterious effect on the neurons of the intracranial visual relay centre and this may probably have some adverse effects on visual sensibilities by its deleterious effects on the cells of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) of adult Wistar rats. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these observations be carried out.
Supersymmetric Calogero-Moser-Sutherland models: superintegrability structure and eigenfunctions

We first review the construction of the supersymmetric extension of the (quantum) Calogero-Moser-Sutherland (CMS) models. We stress the remarkable fact that this extension is completely captured by the insertion of a fermionic exchange operator in the Hamiltonian: sCMS models ({\it s} for supersymmetric) are nothing but special exchange-type CMS models. Under the appropriate projection, the conserved charges can thus be formulated in terms of the standard Dunkl operators. This is illustrated in the rational case, where the explicit form of the 4N (N being the number of bosonic variables) conserved charges is presented, together with their full algebra. The existence of 2N commuting bosonic charges settles the question of the integrability of the srCMS model. We then prove its superintegrability by displaying 2N-2 extra independent charges commuting with the Hamiltonian. In the second part, we consider the supersymmetric version of the trigonometric case (stCMS model) and review the construction of its eigenfunctions, the Jack superpolynomials. This leads to closed-form expressions, as determinants of determinants involving supermonomial symmetric functions. Here we focus on the main ideas and the generic aspects of the construction: those applicable to all models whether supersymmetric or not. Finally, the possible Lie superalgebraic structure underlying the stCMS model and its eigenfunctions is briefly considered.
Acute haematogenous prosthetic joint infection: prospective evaluation of medical and surgical management.

The optimum treatment for prosthetic joint infections has not been clearly defined. We report our experience of the management of acute haematogenous prosthetic joint infection (AHPJI) in patients during a 3-year prospective study in nine Spanish hospitals. Fifty patients, of whom 30 (60%) were female, with a median age of 76 years, were diagnosed with AHPJI. The median infection-free period following joint replacement was 4.9 years. Symptoms were acute in all cases. A distant previous infection and/or bacteraemia were identified in 48%. The aetiology was as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, 19; Streptococcus spp. , 14; Gram-negative bacilli, 12; anaerobes, two; and mixed infections, three. Thirty-four (68%) patients were treated with a conservative surgical approach (CSA) with implant retention, and 16 had prosthesis removal. At 2-year follow-up, 24 (48%) were cured, seven (14%) had relapsed, seven (14%) had died, five (10%) had persistent infection, five had re-infection, and two had an unknown evolution. Overall, the treatment failure rates were 57.8% in staphylococcal infections and 14.3% in streptococcal infections. There were no failures in patients with Gram-negative bacillary. By multivariate analysis, CSA was the only factor independently associated with treatment failure (OR 11.6; 95% CI 1.29-104.8). We were unable to identify any factors predicting treatment failure in CSA patients, although a Gram-negative bacillary aetiology was a protective factor. These data suggest that although conservative surgery was the only factor independently associated with treatment failure, it could be the first therapeutic choice for the management of Gram-negative bacillary and streptococcal AHPJI, and for some cases with acute S. aureus infections.
DDoS-Resilient Scheduling to Counter Application Layer Attacks Under Imperfect Detection

Countering Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is becoming ever more challenging with the vast resources and techniques increasingly available to attackers. In this paper, we consider sophisticated attacks that are protocol-compliant, non-intrusive, and utilize legitimate application-layer requests to overwhelm system resources. We characterize application-layer resource attacks as either request flooding, asymmetric, or repeated one-shot, on the basis of the application workload parameters that they exploit. To protect servers from these attacks, we propose a counter-mechanism that consists of a suspicion assignment mechanism and a DDoS-resilient scheduler, DDoS Shield. In contrast to prior work, our suspicion mechanism assigns a continuous valued vs. binary measure to each client session, and the scheduler utilizes these values to determine if and when to schedule a session’s requests. Using testbed experiments on a web application, we demonstrate the potency of these resource attacks and evaluate the efficacy of our counter-mechanism. For instance, we effect an asymmetric attack which overwhelms the server resources, increasing the response time of legitimate clients from 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds. Under the same attack scenario, DDoS Shield limits the effects of false-negatives and false-positives and improves the victims’ performance to 0.8 seconds.
Crustal deformation on the Korea peninsula based on GNSS data during 2004–2015

Since the 2011 Tohoku megathrust earthquake had been occurred, there were strong demands to monitor and mitigate the geological hazards such as an earthquake and volcano in South Korea. This study focused on the crustal deformation, which indicates the earth's dynamics on or below the surface, for the long periods or by the transient events using the GNSS data and the Bernese software v5.2. The Korea peninsula has moved to the south-east direction with 3.3cm per a year during 2004-2015 when the GNSS data have been available. Also, it was testified that the transient displacement had been appeared on the Korea peninsula by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Therefore, we conclude that there needs to accumulate GNSS observations over the longer duration and to periodically analyze the crustal deformation as a phenomenon related to the seismic activity.
Modular functors are determined by their genus zero data

We prove in this paper that the genus zero data of a modular functor determines the modular functor. We do this by establishing that the S-matrix in genus one with one point labeled arbitrarily can be expressed in terms of the genus zero information and we give an explicit formula. We do not assume the modular functor in question has duality or is unitary, in order to establish this.
Antibiofilm and Anti-Infection of a Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharide Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms and produces virulence factors, thus leading to major problems in many fields, such as clinical infection, food contamination, and marine biofouling. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of an exopolysaccharide EPS273 from the culture supernatant of marine bacterium P. stutzeri 273. The exopolysaccharide EPS273 not only effectively inhibits biofilm formation but also disperses preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1. High performance liquid chromatography traces of the hydrolyzed polysaccharides shows that EPS273 primarily consists of glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. Further investigation demonstrates that EPS273 reduces the production of the virulence factors pyocyanin, exoprotease, and rhamnolipid, and the virulence of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to human lung cells A549 and zebrafish embryos is also obviously attenuated by EPS273. In addition, EPS273 also greatly reduces the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and extracellular DNA (eDNA), which are important factors for biofilm formation. Furthermore, EPS273 exhibits strong antioxidant potential by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Notably, the antibiofouling activity of EPS273 is observed in the marine environment up to 2 weeks according to the amounts of bacteria and diatoms in the glass slides submerged in the ocean. Taken together, the properties of EPS273 indicate that it has a promising prospect in combating bacterial biofilm-associated infection, food-processing contamination and marine biofouling.
Robust Registration of 2D and 3D Point Sets

Abstract This paper introduces a new method of registering point sets. The registration error is directly minimized using general-purpose non-linear optimization (the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm). The surprising conclusion of the paper is that this technique is comparable in speed to the special-purpose Iterated Closest Point algorithm, which is most commonly used for this task. Because the routine directly minimizes an energy function, it is easy to extend it to incorporate robust estimation via a Huber kernel, yielding a basin of convergence that is many times wider than existing techniques. Finally, we introduce a data structure for the minimization based on the chamfer distance transform, which yields an algorithm that is both faster and more robust than previously described methods.
THE USE OF PERCHLORIC ACID IN BACTERIAL CYTOLOGY

The use of perchloric acid foir the differential extractioni of peintose nucleic acid and desoxypentose nucleic acid has recently been developed by Ogul andl Rosen (1950). Briefly, their procedure is as follows: To remove pentose nucleic acid from tissues they extract with normal (10 per cent) perchloric acid at 4 C for 4 to 18 hours. Subsequent treatment with normal perchloric acid at 70 C for 20 minutes is then used to removed the desoxypentose nucleic acid from the residue. The use of perchlorie acid in cytological studies of plant tissue has been investigated by Erickson, Sax, and Ogur (1949), employing the basic principles revealed by Ogur and Rosen (1950). They found the action of cold perchloric acid to be comparable to that of ribonuclease, in that the cytoplasin and nucleoli of treated cells do not stain appreciably, whereas the chromosomes stain well. At the suggestion of Dr. Maurice Ogur, the aCuthor has briefly investigated the effect of perchloric acid on hCacteria.
Cavernosal Alpha-Blockade: A New Technique for Investigating and Treating Erectile Impotence

Summary Intracavernosal injection of phenoxybenzamine, in a dose too small to have significant general effects, caused full erection lasting between half an hour and 30 hours in 3 of 4 potent men (2 normal, 2 anorgasmic) and in 6 of 11 impotent men. In the remaining potent man and 3 of the remaining impotent it caused the penis to be stiff enough for intromission. Six of the eleven impotent men have had sexual intercourse, for the first time for months or years, while under the drug. The practical implications of this new discovery are discussed.
Supporting children's online identity in international communities

Increasingly, adults and children socialise and communicate online. Children's safe and secure online communication with people from all over the world can increase their understanding of other cultures, which is an important goal in today's multicultural world. Our research studied such interactions between children from three countries, Hungary, Mexico, and the USA. The goals of our research were to study how children represent their identity online and what the implications are for the design of children's online communities. We used qualitative methods to derive a deep understanding of children's behaviours and motivations. Our results show that children exposed their true and complete identities online. They focused on sharing and learning about personal, ethnic, and gender identities via online media and largely ignored cultural identity. They learned about children from other countries and developed positive attitudes towards them. Based on our results we describe design guidelines for children's online identity tools.