Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selective Outgrowth of Fimbriate Bacteria in Static Liquid Medium

Competitive mixed cultures were grown from inocula of a large number of bacteria of a genotypically nonfimbriate (fim−) strain of Salmonella typhimurium and a small number of a genotypically fimbriate (fim+) variant strain that formed type 1 fimbriae and had been derived from the fim− strain by phage transduction. The fim+ strain differed from the fim− strain in fermenting l-rhamnose (rha+), and the viable fim+ and fim− bacteria present in the cultures after different periods at 37 C were counted differentially in platings on rhamnose media. When the cultures were grown under aerobic static conditions in tubes of nutrient broth, the fim+ bacteria rapidly outgrew the fim− bacteria, so that, although starting as a small minority (e.g., 1 in 107), they approached or surpassed the number of the fim− in 48 hr. A pellicle consisting of fimbriate bacteria was formed on the surface of the broth between 6 and 24 hr, and it is thought that the advantage of access to atmospheric oxygen enjoyed by these bacteria in the pellicle enabled them to outgrow the fim− bacteria confined in the oxygen-depleted broth. The fim+ bacteria did not show selective outgrowth in mixed cultures grown in broth aerated by continuous shaking, in static broth incubated anaerobically in hydrogen, and on aerobic agar plates, i.e., under conditions not allowing an advantage from pellicle formation. The outgrowth of fim+ bacteria in aerobic static broth was prevented by the addition of α-methylmannoside, a substance that inhibits the adhesive and early pellicle-forming properties of bacteria with type 1 fimbriae. A motile flagellate (fla+) variant of a fim−fla− strain of S. typhimurium outgrew its parent strain in mixed cultures in aerobic static broth, but the selective advantage conferred by motility was weaker than that conferred by fimbriation.
Effect of anchorage on the accuracy of fit in removable partial denture framework.

PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of anchorage on the accuracy of fit in removable partial denture framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four partially edentulous maxillary refractory casts were duplicated from a machine-milled metal cast. Twelve of these were included in the test group, which had the provision for anchorage in the refractory cast, and the remaining 12 were taken as control group, which did not have provision for anchorage. Identical wax patterns for the maxillary strap major connector were invested and cast in cobalt chromium alloy. The accuracy of fit of the cast partial major connector frameworks were measured at two selected points using a profile projector. The resultant data were analyzed using student's t-test and unpaired t-test. RESULTS Student's t-test showed statistically significant improvement in the fit of the major connectors of the test group at point A (p= 0.0003) and P (p= 0.0074). Unpaired t-test was performed for the control and test group. The results of the unpaired t-test for the control group exhibited a greater gap discrepancy (0.44 +/- 0.20 mm) than for the test group at point A (0.16 +/- 0.10 mm). Similarly, the gap was more at Point P for the specimens in the control group (0.65 +/- 0.10 mm) than the test group (0.42 +/- 0.24 mm). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study it is concluded that the accuracy of fit of the palatal major connector was significantly better in the test group than the control group, with 0.1% level of significance at point P. The accuracy was significantly improved in both groups at point A by 1% level of confidence.
Law-and-Order Politics, Public-Opinion Polls and the Media

Over the past two decades, considerable political rhetoric has focused on the need to get tough on crime. Justification for this hard-line approach has been the public's apparent concern about rising crime rates and its increasing dissatisfaction with criminal sentencing. In this paper, we consider characteristics both of the measurement of public opinion and of the influences upon public opinion that may contribute to the depiction of a fearful, punitive community. In particular, we identify sources of bias in the methods and contexts of opinion-polling that promote a distorted representation of the discrepancy between community expectations of sentencing and the practices of the judiciary. We argue that the practices of pollsters, politicians, and media combine to create a self-sustaining obstacle to considered community discussion of crime and criminal sentencing.
Sustainability of teacher expectation bias effects on long-term student performance.

In this article, we address the relationship between teacher expectation bias and student characteristics, its effect on long-term student performance, and the development of this effect over time. Expectation bias was defined as the difference between observed and predicted teacher expectation. These predicted expectations were estimated from a multilevel model in which teacher expectations of students' future performance in secondary education were regressed on students' prior achievement, IQ, and achievement motivation. Multilevel analyses were performed on a data set of about 11,000 students who entered secondary school in 1999 and who were monitored for 5 years. We found relationships between teacher expectation bias and student characteristics as well as a clear effect of expectation bias on long-term student performance. Teacher expectation bias partly mediated the effects of student characteristics on students' performance. Moreover, its effect was moderated by some of these characteristics. Mediation and moderation effects were the strongest for parents' aspirations. The effects of teacher expectation bias dissipated partly during the first 2 years but afterwards remained stable over time.
The Interplay of the Classroom Learning Environment and Inquiry‐based Activities

This quasi‐experimental study investigates how the classroom learning environment changed after inquiry‐based activities were introduced and student questioning was encouraged. Three science teachers and three classes of fifth graders (n=92) participated in this study. The analysis of covariance reveals that although the experimental group students perceived that their teacher’s support was significantly lower than that for the comparison group did (p< 0.05), they were significantly more involved in learning (p< 0.05) than their counterparts. Classroom observations of student questioning and inquiry activities revealed that those students with high quality levels in asking or responding to questions outperformed their counterparts in the inquiry ability of designing experimental procedures.
Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology and Ecology

Part I. The Physiological Basis of Visual Perception. Light and Eyes. The Neurophysiology of the Retina. Visual Pathways in the Brain. Part II. Processing Retinal Images. Approaches to the Psychology of Visual Perception. Images, Filters and Features: The Primal Sketch. Perceptual Organisation. Perceiving Depth. The Computation of Image Motion. Object Recognition. Connectionist Models of Visual Perception. Part III. Visual Information for the Control of Action. Introduction to the Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Visual Guidance Of Animal Locomotion. Visual Guidance of Human Action. Theories of the Control of Action. Event Perception. Perception of the Social World. Part IV. Conclusions. Contrasting Theories of Visual Perception.
Cisplatin and bleomycin-induced acute peripheral-vascular stenosis in patient with testicular cancer

After cisplatin and bleomycin-containing chemotherapy (CTx) for testicular cancer, part of the patients may develop acute or long-term cardiovascular toxicity. In the present case, we reported that a 58-year-old male patient presenting with testicular tumors who developed acute peripheral arterial disease during combination CTx with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Superficial femoral artery occlusion not responded to structure thrombolytic and anticoagulators treatment. Left lower extremity was amputated below knee. In patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease, prophylactic anticoagulation may be recommended. The risk of causing factors of thromboembolism in patients with testicular cancer under cisplatin and bleomycin-containing CTx should be evaluated.
The Effect of Air Traffic Delays on Airline Prices

The relationship between air traffic delays and competition has received much attention recently. I estimate the price responses to longer flight delays in competitive and non-competitive markets, using a policy change to instrument for potentially endogenous flight delays in the price regressions. I find that prices fall substantially in competitive markets but not so in non-competitive markets. Quantile regressions on the price distribution imply that prices fall most for business travelers who have sufficient flexibility to switch to more restricted tickets while the price decrease is smallest for the least elastic travelers at the top of the price distribution.
Academic Workload and Quality

Abstract While there is an increasing demand of academics to do more teaching, research and community service, there is also increasing pressure to improve the quality of such work. The emerging dilemma between increasing the quantity and quality of academic work and its implications are the focus of this paper. Academic work appears to be taken for granted by administrators as it is rarely defined in contracts, either quantitatively or qualitatively. In this paper the complexity of the relationships between quantity and quality of academic work is analysed in terms of relevant concepts and processes. It is argued that the achievement of higher quality in academic work requires a better understanding of the factors involved by academics, administrators and the funding bodies responsible for higher education.
Network position and firm performance – the mediating role of innovation

ABSTRACT Analysing a unique, domain-similar database including all horticulturalists in a major flower-producing country, this paper shows that a firm’s central position in a network significantly improves its financial performance. The effect of strategic positioning in a network is in large part mediated through its enhanced innovativeness. Strategically positioning in a network of firms contributes more to firm performance, both directly as well as indirectly, than other strategic options a firm has available, such as seeking scale, seeking to diversify, pursuing cost advantages, or locating in a cluster.
Reliability and validity of the Body Awareness Rating Scale (BARS), an observational assessment tool of movement quality

Abstract Movement quality assessed by the Body Awareness Rating Scale (BARS) is used as an indicator of health and self-efficacy in patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal and mental health problems. The objective of the study was to examine reliability and construct validity of the movement quality scale. 25 patients and 25 healthy persons were included. Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach's α, reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement) and measurement error reported by standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Construct validity was examined by testing hypotheses of moderate association between the observational scale and the self-report Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) subscales and the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSES). A hypothesis about the difference in scores between groups being expected to differ in health states was tested. Internal consistency (α) was 0.92. Inter-tester reliability was ICC = 0.99 and SEM = 0.8. The test–retest reliability was ICC = 0.96 and SEM = 1.4, implying that improvement should be above 3.3 (SDC) to claim a treatment effect. BARS was moderately correlated (0.30 ≤ rs < 0.60) with most SF-36 subscales and GPSES. The patients demonstrated less movement quality than healthy persons. Evidence was provided of high internal consistency and reliability in qualified testers. Construct validity was indicated, as BARS reflected various aspects of health and self-efficacy.
What aggregators do: Towards a networked concept of journalistic expertise in the digital age

This article analyzes expertise in the digital age through an ethnography of an increasingly valorized form of newswork – ‘serious, old fashioned reporting’ – and its purported occupational opposite, news aggregation. The article begins with a content analysis of the 4 March 2010 Federal Communications Commission workshop in which journalists tried to draw a sharp boundary between reporting and aggregation. In the second section the article explores the actual hybridized practices of journalistic aggregation. The empirical investigation serves as a scaffolding on which to build a theory of digital expertise that sees the nature and struggle over that expertise as networked properties. Expertise, according to the argument advanced in the final section, is neither a fixed property that can be ‘claimed’, nor is it simply the inevitable outcome of a clear occupational struggle over a particular jurisdiction. Specifically, the networks examined here coalesce around different conceptions of ‘what counts’ as a valid form of journalistic evidence under conditions of digitization.
Change in prevalence of group B Streptococcus maternal colonisation in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVES To re-examine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus colonisation in our antenatal population, and identify demographic factors associated with carriage. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING A tertiary obstetrics unit in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1002 pregnant women were recruited at the booking clinic in a tertiary obstetrics unit in Hong Kong. High and low vaginal swabs and rectal swabs were taken for group B Streptococcus culture. Demographic data and delivery outcomes of the recruits were analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of group B Streptococcus colonisation in our antenatal population was 10.4%. The majority of carriers were identified by low vaginal swabs (78%), while high vaginal swabs and rectal swabs only identified 31% and 30% of the carriers, respectively. Professional women yielded a higher carrier rate than housewives (21% vs 10%, P=0.03). There was no increase in preterm delivery rate in group B Streptococcus carriers. CONCLUSIONS We noted a dramatic increase in the prevalence of group B Streptococcus colonisation in the Hong Kong pregnant population at their booking visit. Professional women had a higher colonisation rate compared to other groups.
Plasma antioxidant defense in actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma

Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. There may be an inverse correlation between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether certain plasma antioxidants (ascorbic acid, α‐tocopherol, total thiol groups, ceruloplasmin, urate, albumin and erythrocyte glutathione) are altered in actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
Protecting organizational knowledge: a structured literature review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate pertinent knowledge protection literature. At the same time, however, knowledge protection is often a neglected or underdeveloped area. This is all the more concerning as knowledge protection plays an essential part in preserving an organization’s competitive advantage. Despite the recognition of this issue by scholars, the knowledge management literature has so far tended to concentrate on the facilitation of knowledge sharing rather than on knowledge protection. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors present the results of a structured literature review undertaken to investigate the current state of research on knowledge protection. The paper identifies core domains in knowledge protection literature, discusses theoretical perspectives and research methods, sheds light on the role of the information technology (IT) artefact in knowledge protection research and develops a portfolio of knowledge protection measures. Findings – In this.
An Efficient Signaling Scheme for MIMO Broadcast Systems : Design and Performance Evaluation

A simple signaling method for broadcast channels with multiple transmit multiple receive antennas is proposed. In this method, for each user, the direction in which the user has the maximum gain is determined. The best user in terms of the largest gain is selected. The corresponding direction is used as the modulation vector (MV) for the data stream transmitted to the selected user. The algorithm proceeds in a recursive manner where in each step, the search for the best direction is performed in the null space of the previously selected MVs. It is demonstrated that with the proposed method, each selected MV has no interference on the previously selected MVs. Dirty paper coding is used to cancel the remaining interference. To analyze the performance of the scheme, an upper-bound on the outage probability of each sub-channel is derived which is used to establish the diversity order and the asymptotic sum-rate of the scheme. It is shown that the diversity order of the j data stream, 1 ≤ j ≤ M , is equal to N(M − j + 1)(K − j + 1), where M , N , and K indicate the number of transmit antennas, the number of receive antennas, and the number of users, respectively. Furthermore, it is proven that the throughput of this The material in this paper was presented in part at the 42nd Allerton Conference, Monicello, IL, Sep. 2004 and the 9th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory (CWIT), Montreal, Quebec, June 2005. This work is financially supported by Communications and Information Technology Ontario (CITO), Nortel Networks, and National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
Enough is enough? Threshold models for the relationship between psychological contract breach and job-related attitudes

Psychological contracts are a powerful concept in research on organizational behaviour. Substantial negative reactions towards perceived breaches to the psychological contract have been reported in many studies. There are sound theoretical arguments for the existence of a point in the continuous perception of contract breach, where sudden changes in attitudes occur in the relationship between breach and outcomes (i.e., thresholds). Using questionnaire data from 592 employees working in more than 30 different organizations across Germany, segmented regression models were tested against curvilinear effects for the relationship between breach of the psychological contract and job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, intention to quit, violation, and trust. This study provides empirical evidence for threshold models of psychological contract breach. The results imply that prior studies have underestimated the impact of psychological contract breach.
Dual Relationships in Counselling: A Survey of British Columbian Counsellors

The British Columbian Members of the Canadian Counselling Association were surveyed, in order to explore their attitudes and experiences regarding dual relationships. Of 529 deliverable surveys, 206 usable returns yielded a response rate of 39%. The survey instrument collected data regarding respondents' characteristics and ethicality ratings of 39 dual relationship activity items. A number of significant relationships were found between respondents' characteristics and their ethicality ratings of the 39 dual relationship activity items. Nine matched-pairs of dual relationship activity items were analyzed for significant differences in counsellor's ratings. The results were compared with previously conducted research, and the implications of the results were discussed in regards to future practice and research.
The state of interventions to address substance-related disorders in South African workplaces: implications for research, policy, and practice

Substance abuse in South Africa is highly prevalent and continues to be a major cause of mortality and a risk factor for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. The employer costs associated with substance abuse remain high owing to rising health costs, accidents, absenteeism, and workers’ compensation claims placing the organisation and its employees at risk for harm. This article describes the status of current policy, prevention, and treatment interventions to address substance abuse in the South African workplace. Key issues highlighted are the need for research into the extent and impact of substance abuse in the South African workforce, the promotion of substance abuse policies that are comprehensive in nature, and the need to upscale prevention and treatment initiatives through a move away from a traditional labour approach to addressing substance-related disorders in the workplace to the adoption of a more public health approach. Cost-effectiveness of substance abuse interventions is explored alongside the importance of ensuring that employers, practitioners, and other role players engage with the evidence of what works using international standards as the basis.
The FACT-G7: a rapid version of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-general (FACT-G) for monitoring symptoms and concerns in oncology practice and research.

BACKGROUND Health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessments in research and clinical oncology settings are increasingly important. HRQOL instruments need to be rapid and still maintain the ability to capture the most relevant patient issues in a valid and reliable manner. The current study develops and validates the FACT-G7, a rapid version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). PATIENTS AND METHODS Oncology patients with advanced cancer (N = 533) from 11 diseases sites ranked the symptoms and concerns they viewed as 'the very most important' when undergoing cancer treatment, completed the FACT-G, and additional HRQOL measures. Oncology patients' scores were referenced across a general US population sample (N = 2000). RESULTS We selected the highest priority cancer-related symptoms and concerns endorsed by patients for inclusion in the FACT-G7. Fatigue and ability to enjoy life were ranked the most highly. The results provide preliminary support for the FACT-G7's internal consistency reliability (α = 0.74) and validity as evidenced by moderate-to-strong relationships with expected criteria. The references for the general population are summarized. CONCLUSIONS The FACT-G7 can be used to assess top-rated symptoms and concerns for a broad spectrum of advanced cancers in clinical practice and research.