Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of long distance airborne transport of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to be transported over long distances via the airborne route was evaluated. A source population of 300 grow-finish pigs was experimentally inoculated with PRRSV MN-184 and M. hyopneumoniae 232 and over a 50-day period, air samples were collected at designated distances from the source herd using a liquid cyclonic collector. Samples were tested for the presence of PRRSV RNA and M. hyopneumoniae DNA by PCR and if positive, further characterized. Of the 306 samples collected, 4 (1.3%) were positive for PRRSV RNA and 6 (1.9%) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae DNA. The PRRSV-positive samples were recovered 4.7 km to the northwest (NW) of the source population. Four of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were obtained at the NW sampling point; 2 samples at approximately 2.3 km and the other 2 samples approximately 4.7 km from the source population. Of the remaining 2 samples, one sample was obtained at the southeast sampling point and the other at the southwest sampling point, with both locations being approximately 4.7 km from the source. The four PRRSV-positive samples contained infectious virus and were ≥ 98.8% homologous to the MN-184 isolate used to inoculate the source population. All 6 of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were 99.9% homologous to M. hyopneumoniae 232. These results support the hypothesis that long distance airborne transport of these important swine pathogens can occur.
Efficient Aggregate Computation over Data Streams

Cisco's NetFlow collector (NFC) is a powerful example of a real-world product that supports multiple aggregate queries over a continuous stream of IP flow records. NFC enables a plethora of network management tasks like traffic demands estimation, application traffic profiling, etc. In this paper, we investigate two computation sharing techniques for enabling streaming applications such as NFC to scale to hundreds of queries. Our first technique instantiates certain intermediate aggregates which are then used to generate the final answers for input queries. Our second technique coalesces the filter conditions of similar queries and uses the coalesced filter to pre-filter stream data input to these queries. Using these techniques, we propose a heuristic to compute a good query plan and perform extensive simulations to show that our heuristic delivers a factor of over 3 performance improvement compared to a naive approach.
Circulating miRNAs as Surrogate Markers for Circulating Tumor Cells and Prognostic Markers in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Purpose: The use of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has been well established. However, their efficacy and accuracy are still under scrutiny mainly because of methods of their enrichment and identification. We hypothesized that circulating miRNAs can predict the CTC status of patients with MBC, and tested for the same. Furthermore, we aimed at establishing a panel of circulating miRNAs capable of differentiating MBC cases from healthy controls. Experimental Design: Circulating miRNAs from plasma of CTC-positive and CTC-negative patients with MBC, and healthy controls, were profiled by TaqMan Human MicroRNA arrays. Candidates from the initial screen were validated in an extended cohort of 269 individuals (61 CTC-positive, 72 CTC-negative, 60 CTC-low MBC cases, and 76 controls). Results: CTC-positive had significantly higher levels of miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-210, miR-375, and miR-801 than CTC-negative MBC and controls (P < 0.00001), whereas miR-768-3p was present in lower amounts in MBC cases (P < 0.05). miR-200b was singled out as the best marker for distinguishing CTC-positive from CTC-negative patients (AUC 0.88). We identified combinations of miRNAs for differentiating MBC cases from controls (AUC 0.95 for CTC-positive; AUC 0.78 for CTC-negative). Combinations of miRNAs and miR-200b alone were found to be promising prognostic marker for progression-free and overall survival. Conclusion: This is the first study to document the capacity of circulating miRNAs to indicate CTC status and their potential as prognostic markers in patients with MBC. Clin Cancer Res; 18(21); 5972–82. ©2012 AACR.
Speaker adaptive bottleneck features extraction for LVCSR based on discriminative learning of speaker codes

Recently, several fast speaker adaptation methods based on the so-called speaker codes (SC) have been proposed for the hybrid DNN-HMM speech recognition model [1, 2, 3]. In these methods the target speaker features are modified to match the given speaker-independent models or the speaker-independent models are transformed towards one particular speaker based on the discriminative learning of speaker codes. Previous researches have shown that these proposed SC-based adaptation methods are very effective to adapt large DNN models using only a small amount of adaptation data. In this work, we have explored the combination of direct speaker adaptation technique in model space based on speaker codes (mSA-SC) and bottleneck features where mSA-SC is used as an extraction instrument of speaker adaptive bottleneck features. We have evaluated the proposed speaker adaptive bottleneck features extraction method in two speech recognition tasks, namely PSC Mandarin task and large scale 320-hr Switchboard task. Experimental results have verified that it is quite suitable for very large scale tasks. For example, the Switchboard results have shown that it can achieve relative 9% reduction in word error rate on an unsupervised speaker adaptation scheme.
Environmentalizing Indigeneity: A Comparative Ethnography on Multiculturalism, Ethnic Hierarchies, and Political Ecology in the Colombian Amazon

This dissertation is aimed at analyzing how ethnic hierarchies question the environmentalization of indigeneity, which is the foundation of the Colombian state’s multicultural policy. In particular, the dissertation develops a comparative ethnographic approach to the way in which the “multicultural turn” of 1991 impacted three indigenous communities located at San José del Guaviare, a colonization frontier in the Colombian Amazon: the Nükak, the Jiw and the Tucano. Against the assumption of multicultural policy that indigenous communities form a vast mass of people radically diferent from mainstream (even portrayed as anti-modern), in San José there is an unequal distribution of the Nükak, Jiw and Tucano in different positions inside local ethnic hierarchies. For some, Nükak incarnate what Hale (2004) label as a “good ethnicity”, that serves to promote Guaviare as an eco-touristic destination, the Jiw are a “bad ethnicity” that annoys White people in San José, while the Tucano are portrayed as “civilized Indians”. Thus, the dissertation states how these ethnic hierarchies contradict some of the core assumptions of multicultural policies that are based on an essentialized understanding of indigenous peoples as “ecologically noble savages. ” The dissertation argues that the analysis of contemporary experiences on indigeneity in an Amazonian context such as San José, could be better understood if it observes a set of processes and actors including: the historical transformation of senses on otherness, the production of forests as a field of domain under state regulations, the economic crossroads affecting indigenous peoples on their “resguardos” (indigenous 11 lands) and the intervention of state laws, NGOs, indigenous political organizations, settlers, foreign governments and state officials. The analysis of such a variety of processes and actors shaping contemporary experiences on indigeneity in the Colombian Amazon follows the environmentality approach (Agrawal, 2005). From that perspective, I discuss the following ideas: a) indigenous resguardos were designed as governmentalized localities in multicultural policy to regulate and control how indigenous peoples manage natural resources; b) those communities portrayed as followers of the ecological nobility script act as regulatory communities; c) the technologies for governing the ecological realm do not necessarily assure the formation of environmental subjectivities.
Trace-Based Sparsity Order Estimation With Sparsely Sampled Random Matrices

In most of compressed sensing (CS) contributions, the sparsity of interesting signals is usually assumed to be prior. It may incur performance degradation of CS in such environments, where the sparsity order of channel occupancy changes dynamically. Therefore, sparsity order estimation (SOE) is vital, so that the sampling rate can be adjusted adaptively to exploit fully CS techniques. This paper studies the SOE problem for wideband cognitive radio. To investigate this issue, at first, the theoretical expression of sparsity order of the considered signals is derived via random matrix theory. The theoretical analysis shows that the sparsity order can be expressed with the ratio, which consists of the trace of measured signals' covariance matrix, compression sampling ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and so on. And then, according to the theoretical expressions, a novel SOE approach is presented. In the proposed method, the trace of measured signals' covariance matrix is first calculated, and second, the sparsity order is estimated based on the trace. Compared with the previous work, the proposed algorithm, besides the lower computational complexity, has some superior performance, such as better robustness, smaller SOE error, and so on. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution Studies of 89Zr-Labeled Pembrolizumab

Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) found on T and pro-B cells. Pembrolizumab prevents PD-1 ligation by both PD-L1 and PD-L2, preventing the immune dysregulation that otherwise occurs when T-cells encounter cells expressing these ligands. Clinically, PD-1 blockade elicits potent antitumor immune responses, and antibodies blocking PD-1 ligation, including pembrolizumab, have recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of advanced melanoma, renal cell cancer, and non–small cell lung cancer. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and dosimetry of pembrolizumab in vivo, accomplished through radiolabeling with the positron emitter 89Zr. PET imaging was used to evaluate the whole-body distribution of 89Zr-deferoxamine (Df)-pembrolizumab in two rodent models (mice and rats). Data obtained from PET scans and biodistribution studies were extrapolated to humans to estimate the dosimetry of the tracer. As a proof of concept, the biodistribution of 89Zr-Df-pembrolizumab was further investigated in a humanized murine model. Results: The tracer remained stable in blood circulation throughout the study and accumulated the greatest in liver and spleen tissues. Both mice and rats showed similar biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 89Zr-Df-pembrolizumab. In the humanized mouse model, T-cell infiltration into the salivary and lacrimal glands could be successfully visualized. Conclusion: These data will augment our understanding of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of radiolabeled pembrolizumab in vivo, while providing detailed dosimetry data that may lead to better dosing strategies in the future. These findings further demonstrate the utility of noninvasive in vivo PET imaging to dynamically track T-cell checkpoint receptor expression and localization in a humanized mouse model.
Generalized eigenproblem algorithms and software for algebraic Riccati equations

Numerical issues related to the computational solution of the algebraic matrix Riccati equation are discussed. The approach presented uses the generalized eigenproblem formulation for the solution of general forms of algebraic Riccati equations arising in both continuous- and discrete-time applications. These general forms result from control and filtering problems for systems in generalized (or implicit or descriptor) state space form. A Newtontype iterative refinement procedure for the generalized Riccati solution is given. The issue of numerical condition of the Riccati problem is addressed. Balancing to improve numerical condition is discussed. An overview of a software package, RICPACK, coded in portable, reliable Fortran is given. Results of numerical experiments are reported.
Etanercept-induced hypertriglyceridemia during the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Sir, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is known to play an important role in the lipid homeostasis. [1] However, the effects of TNF‐α inhibition on circulating lipids remain controversial. [2] In this regard, a case of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) associated with the soluble TNF‐α receptor etanercept in a patient with psoriasis has recently been reported. [3] The HTG was also described in psoriasis patients following treatment with the anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab[4] and adalimumab. [5] We report a new case of etanercept‐induced HTG during treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A 34‐year‐old non‐obese man presented with a 15‐year history of recalcitrant recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Eight to ten new recurrent lesions occurred every 2 weeks. They healed without scarring in approximately 12 days. They were very painful (subjective pain severity of 8; scale, 1‐10) and caused dysphagia. Treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids only yielded slight improvement of symptoms. Previous treatments, such as tetracyclines, acyclovir, sulfones, colchicines, and thalidomide, had to be discontinued due to lack of efficacy or intolerance. Different conditions that may present with RAS such as Behçet ́s disease, gastrointestinal disorders, nutritional deficiencies, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus infection were excluded. In February 2010, he started the treatment with etanercept (25 mg twice weekly). Before the onset of this therapy, complete laboratory studies such as lipid profile and chest X‐ray did not show abnormalities. The tuberculin skin test shows negative. Significant clinical improvement was observed after 4 weeks of etanercept therapy. However, a routine blood test revealed high triglyceride (TG) levels (291 mg/dl; normal <200). After eight weeks of treatment, the TG levels rose to 529 mg/dl; high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols were within normal ranges. There was no family history of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, or other predisposing factors known to influence lipid metabolism.
Quantum effects in biology: golden rule in enzymes, olfaction, photosynthesis and magnetodetection

Despite certain quantum concepts, such as superposition states, entanglement, ‘spooky action at a distance’ and tunnelling through insulating walls, being somewhat counterintuitive, they are no doubt extremely useful constructs in theoretical and experimental physics. More uncertain, however, is whether or not these concepts are fundamental to biology and living processes. Of course, at the fundamental level all things are quantum, because all things are built from the quantized states and rules that govern atoms. But when does the quantum mechanical toolkit become the best tool for the job? This review looks at four areas of ‘quantum effects in biology’. These are biosystems that are very diverse in detail but possess some commonality. They are all (i) effects in biology: rates of a signal (or information) that can be calculated from a form of the ‘golden rule’ and (ii) they are all protein–pigment (or ligand) complex systems. It is shown, beginning with the rate equation, that all these systems may contain some degree of quantumeffect, and where experimental evidence is available, it is explored to determine how the quantum analysis aids in understanding of the process.
Attitude toward sexual intercourse and relationship with peer and parental communication.

This study examined whether the association between gender and attitudes toward sexual intercourse would differ by perceived peer influences compared to perceived parent-guardian influences. The 1998 Alabama Adolescent Survey (N=2125) provided the original sample. Respondents (n = 548) included 9th and 10th grade students who were primarily Caucasians (60.8%) and African Americans (39.2%) who attended public high schools in rural southern Alabama. Chi-square analyses indicated significant bivariate associations between gender and measures of attitude toward intercourse. The interactive nature of communication source highlighted the complexity of gender based social support issues and how these interact to shape cognitive beliefs. (authors)
tropical amphibian diversity Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal the causes of high

Cite this article: Pyron RA, Wiens JJ. 2013Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal thecauses of high tropical amphibian diversity.Proc R Soc B 280: 20131622.http://dx.doi. org/10.1098/rspb.2013. 1622Received: 27 June 2013Accepted: 8 August 2013Subject Areas:evolution, ecology, extinctionKeywords:amphibians, diversification, extinction,latitudinal gradients, speciation,species richnessAuthor for correspondence:R. Alexander Pyrone-mail: rpyron@colubroid.orgElectronic supplementary material is availableat http://dx.doi. org/10.1098/rspb.2013. 1622 orvia http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org.
Aspirin resistance and ischemic heart disease on Iranian experience

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Aspirin resistance is an important part of therapeutic failure in patients who experience several atherosclerotic events despite aspirin therapy. Different studies have reported aspirin resistance between 5% and 45% all over the world. According to different responses to aspirin therapy in countries and lack of adequate studies on aspirin resistance in Iran, this study was designed for evaluation of aspirin resistance in ischemic patients. Materials and Methods: Total 170 patients with documented coronary artery stenosis with were enrolled in this cross-sectional prospective study. Two cc urine samples were obtained from all the subjects. Then a questionnaire including questions about major risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity and smoking) was completed for each patient. Thromboxane B2 level in urine was measured two times for each patient by one kit of via ELISA method. Gensini modified was usedfor assessment of severity of coronary arteries involvement. Data were analyzed via SPSS 16. with general linear model (univariate). Results: 75.3% of studied patients were aspirin resistant. There was significant relationship between angiography score and aspirin resistance (P<0.001). Our results also showed that aspirin resistance is more common in studied women than men (P=0.003). Significant correlation was observed between diabetes and aspirin resistance in studied subjects (P=0.023). Conclusion: Our study showed aspirin resistance in a sample of Iranian ischemic patients is so prevalent which is higher than other studies in another communities and also aspirin resistance is more common in patients with severe CAD.
Rotter's social learning theory and fear of crime : Differences by race and ethnicity

The authors used J. B. Rotter's social learning theory to test for differences, by race and ethnicity, in fear of crime. They expected the effects of three constructs composing social learning theory-locus of control, reinforcement value, and social context-to act multiplicatively on fear of crime. The analysis was based on results from a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of 395 white and 122 nonwhite residents, aged eighteen years or older, of a Midwestern city. The main and interactive effects of locus of control, reinforcement value, and social context explained a significant proportion of the variance in the fear-of-crime measure, over and above that contributed by demographic and contextual control variables. The model was more appropriate for explaining fear of crime in white than in nonwhite respondents, however. Major differences by race and ethnicity in the main and interactive effects of the social learning theory variables were apparent. The model tested here appears to have some value in conceptualizing various contingencies thought to influence fear of crime. The analysis indicates, however, that further study is needed of factors affecting fear of crime, especially in the nonwhite population
Cross-spectral analysis of the X-ray variability of Markarian 421

Using the cross-spectral method, we confirm the existence of the X-ray hard lags discovered with cross-correlation function technique during a large flare of Mrk 421 observed with BeppoSAX. For the 0.1-2 versus 2-10 keV light curves, both methods suggest sub-hour hard lags. In the time domain, the degree of hard lag, i.e. the amplitude of the 3.2-10 keV photons lagging the lower energy ones, tends to increase with the decreasing energy. In the Fourier frequency domain, by investigating the cross-spectra of the 0.1-2/2-10 keV and the 2-3.2/3.2-10 keV pairs of light curves, the flare also shows hard lags at the lowest frequencies. However, with the present data, it is impossible to constrain the dependence of the lags on frequencies even though the detailed simulations demonstrate that the hard lags at the lowest frequencies probed by the flare are not an artefact of sparse sampling, Poisson and red noise. As a possible interpretation, the implication of the hard lags is discussed in the context of the interplay between the (diffusive) acceleration and synchrotron cooling of relativistic electrons responsible for the observed X-ray emission. The energy-dependent hard lags are in agreement with the expectation of an energy-dependent acceleration time-scale. The inferred magnetic field (B ∼ 0.11 G) is consistent with the value inferred from the spectral energy distributions of the source. Future investigations with higher quality data that show whether or not the time-lags are energy-/frequency-dependent will provide a new constraint on the current models of the TeV blazars.
Perception and Classification. A Note on Near Sets and Rough Sets

The paper aims to establish topological links between perception of objects (as it is defined in the framework of near sets) and classification of these objects (as it is defined in the framework of rough sets). In the near set approach, the discovery of near sets (i.e. sets containing objects with similar descriptions) starts with the selection of probe functions which provide a basis for describing and discerning objects. On the other hand, in the rough set approach, the classification of objects is based on object attributes which are collected into information systems (or data tables). As is well-known, an information system can be represented as a topological space (U, τ E). If we pass froman approximation space (U,E) to the quotient space U/E, where points represent indiscernible objects of U, then U/E will be endowed with the discrete topology induced (via the canonical projection) by τ E. The main objective of this paper is to show how probe functions can provide new topologies on the quotient set U/E and, in consequence, new (perceptual) topologies on U.