Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replaying history on process models for conformance checking and performance analysis

Process mining techniques use event data to discover process models, to check the conformance of predefined process models, and to extend such models with information about bottlenecks, decisions, and resource usage. These techniques are driven by observed events rather than hand‐made models. Event logs are used to learn and enrich process models. By replaying history using the model, it is possible to establish a precise relationship between events and model elements. This relationship can be used to check conformance and to analyze performance. For example, it is possible to diagnose deviations from the modeled behavior. The severity of each deviation can be quantified. Moreover, the relationship established during replay and the timestamps in the event log can be combined to show bottlenecks. These examples illustrate the importance of maintaining a proper alignment between event log and process model. Therefore, we elaborate on the realization of such alignments and their application to conformance checking and performance analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Men's Talk About “Women's Matters”

The place of men in reproductive and contraceptive changes and the role of informal social interaction in these processes have become central themes in recent research on fertility change in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions. These two themes, however, have been treated separately in the literature, and this study bridges them by examining men's informal communication on family planning matters through a gender lens. This analysis, based on qualitative data collected in Greater Maputo, Mozambique, indicates that although men's communication on these matters is limited in comparison to women's communication, it nonetheless plays an important role in the formation of men's reproductive and contraceptive attitudes and preferences. Gender ideology emerges as a powerful delimiter of men's communication circles and of the information transmitted in those circles. The author argues that gender barriers in peer communication affect individuals' perceptions of reproductive and contraceptive matters and their corresponding preferences and decisions.
Cultural Differences and Cross-Cultural Similarities in Appraisals and Emotional Responses

To conduct a cross-cultural test of a theory specifying the appraisals that elicit particular emotions, undergraduates from India and the United States were asked how they appraised events that caused them to feel sadness, fear, or anger. In both cultures there was evidence that an appraisal of powerlessness characterized incidents leading to sadness and fear, rather than anger; and an appraisal that other persons caused negative events characterized incidents leading to anger, rather than sadness or fear. Also, Indians appraised events as less discrepant from what they had wanted than Americans did; this accounted for lower sadness and anger among Indians. Overall, cultural differences in appraisal explained cultural differences in emotion, due to underlying cross-cultural similarities in appraisal-emotion relationships.
Assessing Adolescents' Motivation to Read

A team of researchers revised the Motivation to Read Profile for use with adolescents. Instruments to assess adolescents' in- and out-of-school reading motivations were administered. A survey adapted for adolescents was administered to 384 teens at eight sites throughout the United States and Trinidad, and 100 students were interviewed using a revised instrument designed to capture the real reading of adolescents today. The teens were asked questions about fiction, expository, and computer-based reading materials; about what instruction in school motivated them to read; and in which classes was the reading material most difficult. Results revealed that student experiences with academic reading and writing did not match their interests and needs. The authors offer many recommendations for how students' preferred types of reading and instruction can be used in middle school and high school classrooms.
Super-resolution Keyframe Fusion for 3D Modeling with High-Quality Textures

We propose a novel fast and robust method for obtaining 3D models with high-quality appearance using commodity RGB-D sensors. Our method uses a direct key frame-based SLAM front end to consistently estimate the camera motion during the scan. The aligned images are fused into a volumetric truncated signed distance function representation, from which we extract a mesh. For obtaining a high-quality appearance model, we additionally deblur the low-resolution RGB-D frames using filtering techniques and fuse them into super-resolution key frames. The meshes are textured from these sharp super-resolution key frames employing a texture mapping approach. In experiments, we demonstrate that our method achieves superior quality in appearance compared to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Morbidity and aging in HIV-infected persons: the Swiss HIV cohort study.

BACKGROUND Patterns of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals taking antiretroviral therapy are changing as a result of immune reconstitution and improved survival. We studied the influence of aging on the epidemiology of non-AIDS diseases in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. METHODS The Swiss HIV Cohort Study is a prospective observational cohort established in 1988 with continuous enrollment. We determined the incidence of clinical events (per 1000 person-years) from January 2008 (when a new questionnaire on non-AIDS-related morbidity was introduced) through December 2010. Differences across age groups were analyzed using Cox regression, adjusted for CD4 cell count, viral load, sex, injection drug use, smoking, and years of HIV infection. RESULTS Overall, 8444 (96%) of 8848 participants contributed data from 40,720 semiannual visits; 2233 individuals (26.4%) were aged 50-64 years, and 450 (5.3%) were aged ≥65 years. The median duration of HIV infection was 15.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.59-22.0 years); 23.2% had prior clinical AIDS. We observed 994 incident non-AIDS events in the reference period: 201 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 55 myocardial infarctions, 39 strokes, 70 cases of diabetes mellitus, 123 trauma-associated fractures, 37 fractures without adequate trauma, and 115 non-AIDS malignancies. Multivariable hazard ratios for stroke (17.7; CI, 7.06-44.5), myocardial infarction (5.89; 95% CI, 2.17-16.0), diabetes mellitus (3.75; 95% CI, 1.80-7.85), bone fractures without adequate trauma (10.5; 95% CI, 3.58-30.5), osteoporosis (9.13; 95% CI, 4.10-20.3), and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (6.88; 95% CI, 3.89-12.2) were elevated for persons aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSIONS Comorbidity and multimorbidity because of non-AIDS diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, and osteoporosis, become more important in care of HIV-infected persons and increase with older age.
Self-efficacy and performance among sport studies students taking statistics

Sport studies courses typically involve modules in research methods and statistics. Knowledge of how data are gathered and analysed is often a necessary condition for critically analysing research. These skills are needed in a number of different modules, and importantly, form a large component of a dissertation taken at level three of an undergraduate degree. Anecdotal evidence suggests that Sport Studies students typically find statistics a difficult subject to learn. Low confidence might partly be due to their varied background in terms of mathematics experience. Students typically steer toward sport related courses out of an interest in sport, rather than a desire to learn statistical skills. The relevance of learning statistics to developing critical thinking skills is not immediately apparent to many sport students. Teaching Sport Studies students statistics tends to represent a serious challenge for lecturers. Self-efficacy is defined as the levels of confidence individuals have in their ability to execute courses of action or attain specific performance outcomes (Bandura, 1977, 1982, 1997). Self-efficacy expectations are proposed to influence initiating behaviour, how much effort will be applied to attain an outcome, and the level of persistence applied to the task in the face of difficulties and setbacks (Bandura, 1997). Research findings show that high self- efficacy is associated with successful performance, although the strength of relationships tends to vary between studies. This finding has been found in the context of sport (Moritz, Feltz, Fahrbach, & Mack, 2000), academia (Multon, Brown, & Lent; 1991; Lane & Lane, 2001; Pajares, 1996), and work (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998). A variable that has been found to influence the strength of relationships between self- efficacy and performance measures is how self-efficacy is measured. Self-efficacy measures should assess perceptions of confidence toward factors important to the attainment of the behaviour of interest (Bandura, 1997; Lane & Lane, 2001; Moritz et al., 2000; Pajares, 1996). Self-efficacy measures should assess confidence estimates to perform behaviours required to deliver the actual performance. Thus, self-efficacy research should involve a thorough examination of the competencies that underpin performance. After developing a measure specific to post-graduate students, Lane and Lane (2001) found that self-efficacy predicted performance among post-graduate students. They found that having the intellectual ability to cope with course content, and being able to manage time were the most important competencies.
Intrinsic inhibition in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells of rat hypothalamus.

Endogenous mechanisms of inhibition in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells were studied with intracellular recordings in the rat hypothalamic slice preparation. Hyperpolarizing after‐potentials (duration up to 125 ms) followed single action potentials and after‐hyperpolarizations (a.h.p.s) lasting hundreds of milliseconds followed brief evoked spike trains. The amplitude and duration of the a.h. p. increased after spike trains of longer duration or higher frequency. The a.h. p. appears endogenous, rather than synaptically mediated from recurrent inhibition, because it persisted after pharmacological blockade of axonal conduction or of chemical synaptic transmission. The reversal potential of the a.h. p. was at least 20 mV more negative than that of inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials. Cl‐ ionophoresis did not alter the a.h. p. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ with EGTA injection eliminated the a.h. p. A Ca2+‐activated K+ conductance, rather than recurrent synaptic inhibition, apparently causes the a.h. p. and is at least partly responsible for the inhibition after single spikes in magnocellular neurones. During hormone release, this endogenous mechanism may contribute to the post‐burst silent period in putative oxytocinergic cells and to the interburst interval in phasic neurones, which are known to fire repetitive bursts associated with vasopressin release.
Are We Satisfied?: A Look at Student Satisfaction with Diversity at Traditionally White Institutions

Using a national longitudinal dataset of college students, this study examines satisfaction with the ethnic diversity of the student body and faculty at traditionally White institutions. The strongest predictor of satisfaction with diversity for White and Latino/a students was the heterogeneity of the institution; the strongest predictors for Black and Asian American students were satisfaction with community, peer interactions, and the overall college experience. The findings suggest that supporting positive peer interactions and a sense of community are critical parts of a positive campus racial climate, in addition to increasing the heterogeneity of the campus.
Gypsy children, space, and the school environment

This article draws on data generated from a 3½‐year ethnographic study of the interface between Gypsy culture and the educational system in England. The evidence suggests that Gypsy children have distinctive spatial orientations that are embedded in their own culture and life experience. These relate to issues revolving around degrees of nomadic and sedentary lifestyles, and also around spatial awareness deriving from the site environment. In combination, these features have the potential to make the transition between home and school problematic. Moreover, the utilization of space by Gypsy children is often misinterpreted within schools, being at odds with, and constituting a challenge to, the structured social space of the school environment. In view of the multiple meanings of space, this raises issues about the lack of flexible responses in institutional contexts.
The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation Superfamily

The amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily has been shown to include five recognized families, four of which are specific for amino acids and their derivatives. Recent high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data have shown that four additional transporter families (BCCT, TC No. 2.A.15; SSS, 2.A.21; NSS, 2.A.22; and NCS1, 2.A.39), transporting a wide range of solutes, exhibit sufficiently similar folds to suggest a common evolutionary origin. We have used established statistical methods, based on sequence similarity, to show that these families are, in fact, members of the APC superfamily. We also identify two additional families (NCS2, 2.A.40; SulP, 2.A.53) as being members of this superfamily. Repeat sequences, each having five transmembrane α-helical segments and arising via ancient intragenic duplications, are demonstrated for all of these families, further strengthening the conclusion of homology. The APC superfamily appears to be the second largest superfamily of secondary carriers, the largest being the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). Although the topology of the members of the APC superfamily differs from that of the MFS, both families appear to have arisen from a common ancestral 2 TMS hairpin structure that underwent intragenic triplication followed by loss of a TMS in the APC family, to give the repeat units that are characteristic of these two superfamilies.
The Effect of Spatial Variability and Anisotropy of Soils on Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations

Naturally occurred soil deposits inherit heterogeneity and anisotropy in their strength properties. The main purpose of this paper is to model the soil stratum with anisotropy consideration and spatially varying undrained shear strength by using random field theory coupled with finite difference numerical analysis to evaluate their effect on the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations. In the present study, undrained shear strength of soil is considered as a stochastic variable and is assumed to be log-normally distributed and spatially correlated throughout the domain. Two kinds of anisotropy of cohesion are incorporated in the analyses. As the first kind, mechanical anisotropy of cohesion was taken into account by generalizing the conventional isotropic Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to the anisotropic one, and the second kind is the heterogeneity anisotropy associated with difference in the correlation structure of the cohesion data in the horizontal and vertical directions considered by a special anisotropic correlation function. The results showed the importance of different components of anisotropy and the stochastic variation of shear strength parameters. Mechanical anisotropy and the spatial variability of the cohesion showed that they have significant effects on the bearing capacity of the shallow foundations and their negligence will lead to an under-conservatism.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis of Thymocytes: Requirement of Proteasome-Dependent Mitochondrial Activity1

Thymocytes undergo negative and positive selection during development in the thymus. During this selection process, the majority of thymocytes are eliminated by apoptosis through signaling via TCR or die by neglect, possibly mediated through glucocorticoids. In this study, we report that thymocytes require molecular oxygen to undergo apoptosis induced by dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, and treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, inhibits thymocyte apoptosis in vivo as well as ex vivo. We detected elevated intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during DEX-induced apoptosis, which is reduced by NAC treatment, indicating that the elevated levels of intracellular H2O2 are proapoptotic. We also show that loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, as well as caspase-3 activation induced by DEX are attenuated by NAC treatment. We identified the production site for H2O2 as the ubiquinone cycle at complex III of mitochondria by using various inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and we show that the cell death events mediated by mitochondria are also significantly reduced when the inhibitors were used. Through inhibition of the proteasome, we also show that the production of H2O2 and the cell death events mediated by mitochondria are regulated by proteosomal activities in DEX-induced thymocyte apoptosis. We conclude that in DEX-treated thymocytes, the increased production of H2O2 originates from mitochondria and is proapoptotic for cell death mediated by mitochondria. We also conclude that all the apoptotic events mediated by mitochondria are regulated by proteasomes.
THE USE OF CRITICAL THINKING IN SOCIAL SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS OF HIGH SCHOOL: A FIELD STUDY OF FARS PROVINCE IN IRAN

This study aims at investigating the use of critical thinking in high school social science textbooks based on Fars Province teachers' attitudes in order to present a model for textbook development. To achieve this goal, the use of the following skills in the social science textbooks was analyzed: reasoning, questioning, assessment of examples and statements, group work, interpretation, true judgment about issues, analysis and evaluation, logicality, and explicitness. It is a field study which was conducted in several high schools of Fars Province in Iran. The population of this study included 568 social science teachers. The sample was selected based on the stratified random sampling procedure so that 153 teachers participated in this study. The data were collected using a forty-four-item questionnaire based on Likert-scale, which was developed and validated by the researcher himself and some experts. The reliability coefficient was also estimated as 0.86. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and coefficient of variations) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis Non-parametric tests). The result showed that the teachers of the Social Studies Textbook evaluated assessment of examples and statements, and analysis and evaluation skills as not satisfactory respectively. They evaluated the other skills as fairly satisfactory. Teachers of Sociology Textbook 1 evaluated explicitness, assessment of examples and statements, analysis and evaluation, and interpretation skills as not satisfactory respectively. They also evaluated other skills as fairly satisfactory. Teachers of Sociology Textbook 2 evaluated explicitness as not satisfactory, logicality as satisfactory, and other skills as fairly satisfactory. Therefore it is possible to rank order the social science textbooks of high school as satisfactory and not satisfactory with regard to the use of critical thinking. In other words, Sociology Textbook 2, Social Studies Textbook, and Sociology Textbook 1 were ordered on a continuum of satisfaction from satisfactory to unsatisfactory, respectively.
Spatial characteristics of brightness and apparent-contrast perception

The perception of brightness increments of disk-shaped stimuli, with various diameters and durations presented against a uniform, photopic background, bas been studied. Both brightness matching and sealing methods, i.e. magnitude estimation, bisection and fractionation, have been applied by the same subject. Transitivity was shown to hold reasonably well for brightness matching. Matching and sealing, in particular bisection and fractionation, are mutually consistent in the sense that the exponents of Stevens' power functions, which describe brightness increments as a function of luminance increments, in case of sealing, and the ratios of these exponents in case of matching, correspond. Differences between sealing results were attributed to differences in the strategy of the subject. Results indicate that brightness exponents for large, long duration stimuli as wel! as small, short duration stimuli are affected by the background level. Furthermore, exponents of small stimuli are shown to depend on the position in the fovea. Lastly, it is suggested that the just noticeable brightness difference in sequentia! observation is proportional to the luminance increment of the stimulus to be judged.
On the Reliability of OFSTED Inspection of Initial Teacher Training: A Case Study.

Inspection has been an increasingly important feature of central monitoring of education in the 1990s. This article examines the technical reliability of inspection processes in initial teacher training, drawing extensively on methodology and procedures adopted by the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) between 1996 and 1998. A definition of reliability is advanced and tested against the procedures of inspection, especially by examining the security of internal and external judgements at the pass/fail borderline and the moderation and training procedures deployed by OFSTED. The methodology of inspection is found to be insufficiently reliable for the consequences which flow from it. Tensions are explored between the technicist model of inspection underlying OFSTED initial teacher training procedures and the 'informed conoisseurship' model hitherto deployed by members of Her Majesty's Inspectorate. In consequence, there are unresolved tensions between the expressed aspiration for 'improvement through inspection' and the use of inspection to police compliance.
Age dependency of neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine whether static and dynamic balance control are related to neuromuscular function and ageing. For this purpose, we constructed a new dynamic balance measurement system that simulates natural falling. Ten young (age 21–31 years) and 20 elderly (age 60–70 years) men participated in the experiment. Maximal isometric torque (MVC) and activation level were measured from the quadriceps and plantar flexor muscles. The H-reflex, V-wave, and maximal M-wave were measured from the soleus muscle. In dynamic balance control, anterior-posterior centre-of-pressure swaying was 74±8.1 mm in the young men and 91.5±19.4 mm in the elderly men (P<0.05), whereas in the static condition there were no significant differences between the two groups. Knee extension MVC (young: 181±42 N·m; elderly: 135±39 N·m; P<0.01), torque after 500 ms (young: 147±36 N·m; elderly: 108±39 N·m; P<0.05), and activation level (young: 96.2±0.8%; elderly: 93.8±2.1%; P<0.01) were higher in the young than the elderly men; no differences were observed in plantar flexion. The amount of re-stabilization after a sudden disturbance seems to be an age-related phenomenon, which is seen as a connection between balance control and rapid force production.