Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Procurement Executive, Ministry Aeronautical Research Council Reports and Memoranda of Defence a Long Stroke Isentropic Free Piston Hypersonic Wind Tunnel London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office a Long Stroke Isentropic Free Piston Hypersonic Wind Tunnel

SUMMARY The application of a long stroke isentropic free piston compressor as the energy source for an intermittent M = 6.85 hypersonic wind tunnel is described. The advantages of comparatively long running times of up to 0.5 s and uniform reservoir conditions at up to 90 bar and 600 K are discussed. Particular problems arising from the long stroke compression associated with both viscous flow effects and non-steady wave propagation are discussed and solutions suggested. The theoretical operating principles of long stroke compression tubes are presented and experimental results are given for a pilot facility with compression tube diameter of 0.032 m and length to diameter ratio of 120 and for a full scale facility with corresponding values of 0.11 m and 114.
Predicting changes in language skills between 2 and 3 years in the EDEN mother–child cohort

Objective. To examine the factors predicting changes in language skills between 2 and 3 years. Methods. By using longitudinal data concerning 1002 children from the EDEN study, linear regression was used to predict 3-year language performance from 2-year language performance and the risk factors associated with language delays. Logistic regressions were performed to examine two change trajectories: children who fall below the 10th percentile of language skills between 2 and 3 years (declining trajectory), and those who rose above the 10th percentile (resilient trajectory). Results. The final linear model accounted for 43% of the variance in 3-year language scores, with 2-year language scores accounting for 22%. Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy, earlier birth term, lower level of parental education and lower frequency of maternal stimulation were associated with the declining trajectory. Breastfeeding was associated with the resilient trajectory. Conclusions. This study provides a better understanding of the natural history of early language delays by identifying biological and social factors that predict changes in language skills between the ages of 2 and 3 years.
The Limits of Arbitrage

In traditional models, arbitrage in a given security is performed by a large number of diversified investors taking small positions against its mispricing. In reality, however, arbitrage is conducted by a relatively small number of highly specialized investors who take large positions using other people's money. Such professional arbitrage has a number of interesting implications for security pricing, including the possibility that arbitrage becomes ineffective in extreme circumstances, when prices diverge far from fundamental values. The model also suggests where anomalies in financial markets are likely to appear, and why arbitrage fails to eliminate them.
MONTENEGRIN AGRICULTURE: DIAGNOSIS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

Montenegro has turned to the service sector in the last two decades and agriculture is largely neglected. The neglect of agriculture has a negative effect on the creation of GDP, employment, current account deficit (of balance of payment) and starting of migrations from rural to urban areas of the country. The authors of this paper set up two goals. First to do an analysis of the situation in agriculture from macroeconomic and accounting aspect. Second goal is to provide policy recommendations for improving situation in agriculture of Montenegro on the bases of the obtained results. The authors used the base of the final accounts of Central Bank of Montenegro for the calculation of the most important ratio indicators. Key recommendations relate to the credit support to agricultural sector, increasing amount of subventions, granting of tax benefits, raising the degree of technical equipment and application of agro-technical measures, as well as the improvement of general living conditions in rural areas.
The Authors Shymanovich, and Michaela Rank for Comments and Excellent Editorial Support. A. Introduction ─ Institutional Development in Cis Countries B. External vs. Internal Drivers of Institutional Change in Transition Countries

2 Materials published here have a working paper character. They can be subject to further publication. The views and opinions expressed here reflect the author(s) point of view and not necessarily those of CASE Network. This study has been prepared within the framework of the ENEPO project (EU Eastern Neighborhood: Economic Potential and Future Development) coordinated by CASE, financed within the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission. The study summarizes the results of the Workpackage 10 on " The Priority Areas of Institutional Harmonization and the " Institutional Gap " " carried out by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, CASE, Kiel Institute for the World Economy or other institutions the authors may be affiliated to. 3 The CASE Network is a group of economic and social research centers in Po-land, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and Belarus. Organizations in the network regularly conduct joint research and advisory projects. The research covers a wide spectrum of economic and social issues, including economic effects of the European integration process, economic relations between the EU and CIS, monetary policy and euro-accession, innovation and competitiveness, and labour markets and social policy. The network aims to increase the range and quality of economic research and information available to policy-makers and civil society, and takes an active role in ongoing debates on how to meet the economic challenges facing the EU, post-transition countries and the global economy. He has been head of the research division 'Stability and Structural Adjustment' and of the project area 'Beyond Europe' and published on macroeconomic issues and economic development with a special focus on monetary policy, regional integration, and institution building in emerging market and transition economies. Currently, he coordinates the Kiel Institute's workpack-ages in the EU-financed project ENEPO (EU Eastern Neighborhood – Economic Potential and Future Development) and heads the workpackage analyzing institution building in CIS countries. (Ukraine). She works in the workpackage " Institutional Convergence CIS towards European Banchmarks " in the EU-financed project ENEPO (EU Eastern Neighbourhood – Economic Potential and Future Development) and in the project on NATO's impact in transition countries. She is doing research on issues of political economy related to Eastern Europe, e.g. external and internal determinants of institution building and good governance, the role …
The role of working memory in learning difficulties of children with symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: the case of writing abilities

In my PhD thesis I’m going to focus on a specific aspect considered during the PhD period, i.e. the role of WM in writing abilities of children with symptoms of ADHD, in particular orthographic (study 1) and handwriting (study 2) difficulties, issues poorly developed in literature. This thesis tries to add to our theoretical and empirical understanding of the writing abilities and the relationship between them and WM in children with symptoms of ADHD. Literature has shown that children with ADHD may fare worse in spelling but few works analyze the difference in writing in cognitive loading conditions between children with ADHD and their TD peers. Furthermore there is still scarce evidence or even conflicting results regarding the performance of children with ADHD in terms of handwriting, especially in the case of speed, but researchers have yet to consider this issue in depth, in situations under time pressure and memory concurrent requests (as in everyday life and at school, where the child’s WM may be overloaded). WM is a relevant variable and has a fundamental role in all writing processes. It is known from the literature that children with ADHD have difficulties in various executive functions, and verbal and spatial WM in particular, and this may affect their spelling, writing speed as well as their writing legibility. In a typical classroom situation, children need to write quickly, generating a WM overload that may be accentuated by the presence of numerous distractors that also affect WM. Until now, however, few studies had systematically examined writing, spelling, speed, and quality in a context involving a WM overload. In the first chapter of the thesis I focused on the characteristics of ADHD and the academic and executive function difficulties of children with this disorder. Then the particular aspect concerning the interaction between writing and WM was deepened considering literature on this issue. The second and third chapters focused on experiments conducted during my PhD course about the relation between WM and writing abilities in children with symptoms of ADHD. Finally, in the last chapter the results were summarized, considering limitations and suggestions for future research.
Geometric filtration using POD for aerodynamic design optimization

When carrying out design searches, traditional variable screening techniques can find it extremely difficult to distinguish between important and unimportant variables. This is particularly true when only a small number of simulations is combined with a parameterization which results in a large number of variables of seemingly equal importance. Here the authors present a variable reduction technique which employs proper orthogonal decomposition to filter out undesirable or badly performing geometries from an optimization process. Unlike traditional screening techniques, the presented method operates at the geometric level instead of the variable level. The filtering process uses the designs which result from a geometry parameterization instead of the variables which control the parameterization. The method is shown to perform well in the optimization of a two dimensional airfoil for the minimization of drag to lift ratio, producing designs better than those resulting from traditional kriging based surrogate model optimization and with a significant reduction in surrogate tuning cost.
Visual analysis of online social media to open up the investigation of stance phenomena

Online social media are a perfect text source for stance analysis. Stance in human communication is concerned with speaker attitudes, beliefs, feelings and opinions. Expressions of stance are associated with the speakers' view of what they are talking about and what is up for discussion and negotiation in the intersubjective exchange. Taking stance is thus crucial for the social construction of meaning. Increased knowledge of stance can be useful for many application fields such as business intelligence, security analytics, or social media monitoring. In order to process large amounts of text data for stance analyses, linguists need interactive tools to explore the textual sources as well as the processed data based on computational linguistics techniques. Both original texts and derived data are important for refining the analyses iteratively. In this work, we present a visual analytics tool for online social media text data that can be used to open up the investigation of stance phenomena. Our approach complements traditional linguistic analysis techniques and is based on the analysis of utterances associated with two stance categories: sentiment and certainty. Our contributions include (1) the description of a novel web-based solution for analyzing the use and patterns of stance meanings and expressions in human communication over time; and (2) specialized techniques used for visualizing analysis provenance and corpus overview/navigation. We demonstrate our approach by means of text media on a highly controversial scandal with regard to expressions of anger and provide an expert review from linguists who have been using our tool.
Structures and Mechanisms of the Northward Propagating Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation

Abstract The spatial and temporal structures of the northward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) are revealed based on the analysis of both the ECHAM4 model simulation and the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The BSISO structure and evolution characteristics simulated by the model bear many similarities to those derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. The most notable features are the remarkable meridional asymmetries, relative to the BSISO convection, in the vorticity and specific humidity fields. A positive vorticity perturbation with an equivalent barotropic structure appears a few latitude degrees north of the convection center. The maximum specific humidity also shows a clear northward shift in the lower troposphere. Two internal atmospheric dynamics mechanisms are proposed to understand the cause of the northward propagation of the BSISO. The first is the vertical shear mechanism. The key process associated with this mechanism is the generation of barotropic vorticity due to the couplin.
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION July 2008 PRIVACY , TRUST AND SELF-DISCLOSURE ONLINE

Despite increased concern about the privacy threat posed by new technology and the Internet, there is relatively little evidence that people’s privacy concerns translate to privacy-enhancing behaviors while online. In Study 1, measures of privacy concern are collected, followed six weeks later by a request for intrusive personal information alongside measures of trust in the requestor and perceived privacy related to the specific request (n= 759). Participants’ dispositional privacy concerns, as well as their level of trust in the requestor and perceived privacy during the interaction, predicted whether or not they acceded to the request for personal information, although the impact of perceived privacy was mediated by trust. In Study 2, privacy and trust were experimentally manipulated, and disclosure measured (n=180). The results indicated that privacy and trust at a situational level interact such that high trust compensates for low privacy, and vice versa. Implications for understanding the links between privacy attitudes, trust, design and actual behavior, are discussed. Privacy, trust and self-disclosure 2 2 Table of
Semiclassical measures for the Schrödinger equation on the torus

In this article, the structure of semiclassical measures for solutions to the linear Schrödinger equation on the torus is analysed. We show that the disintegration of such a measure on every invariant lagrangian torus is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. We obtain an expression of the Radon-Nikodym derivative in terms of the sequence of initial data and show that it satisfies an explicit propagation law. As a consequence, we also prove an observability inequality, saying that the L-norm of a solution on any open subset of the torus controls the full L-norm.
AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL CONTENT OF AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK "ENGLISH ZONE" FOR THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

It is very obviously that language and culture are closely interwoven. Language is an expression of humans' communication through knowledge, belief, and behavior that can be explained and shared among group of people. Meanwhile, culture is a system of knowledge that are shared by among groups of people including values, belief, and attitudes. In this research, the researcher analyzed two problems needed to be investigated. First, cultural dissemination in English textbook "English Zone" for the tenth grade students of senior high school was divided into three categories: source culture, target culture, and international target culture based on Cortazzi and Jin, (1999). Second, types of cultural content representation that were classified into four senses: aesthetic, pragmatic, semantic, and sociological sense based on Adaskou, Britten, and Fahsi, (1990). Qualitative research design was used by the researcher as research design. The data of this research were collected from English textbook for senior high schools entitled "English Zone" written by Eka Mulya Astuti and published by Erlangga publisher. There were 21 reading passages that were analyzed by the researcher. The finding revealed that there were three categories of culture found and they were: source culture, target culture, and international target culture. Regarding the types of cultural content that were represented, the finding showed various result. In the target culture, the four senses of culture found that were: sociological sense, pragmatic sense, semantic sense, and aesthetic sense. Meanwhile, in the source culture and the international target culture were found only three cultural senses: sociological sense, semantic sense, and aesthetic sense. Regrettably, pragmatic sense was not found. Overall, the textbook presented variety of cultural content that can build students awareness about the exposure of cultural issue in the English textbooks. As a conclusion, the textbook was relatively suitable to introduce target culture as well as other cultures to the learners without neglecting the learners' native culture
Evolution of the Near-Infrared Tully-Fisher Relation: Constraints on the Relationship between the Stellar and Total Masses of Disk Galaxies since z ~ 1

Using a combination of Keck spectroscopy and near-infrared imaging, we investigate the K-band and stellar-mass Tully-Fisher relation for 101 disk galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.2, with the goal of placing the first observational constraints on the assembly history of halo and stellar mass. Our main result is a lack of evolution in either the K-band or stellar-mass Tully-Fisher relation from z = 0 to 1.2. Furthermore, although our sample is not statistically complete, we consider it suitable for an initial investigation of how the fraction of total mass that has condensed into stars is distributed with both redshift and total halo mass. We calculate stellar masses from optical and near-infrared photometry and total masses from maximum rotational velocities and disk scale lengths, utilizing a range of model relationships derived analytically and from simulations. We find that the stellar/total mass distribution and stellar-mass Tully-Fisher relation for z > 0.7 disks is similar to that at lower redshift, suggesting that baryonic mass is accreted by disks along with dark matter at z < 1 and that disk galaxy formation at z < 1 is hierarchical in nature. We briefly discuss the evolutionary trends expected in conventional structure formation models and the implications of extending such a study to much larger samples.
On the Hamiltonian structure of large deviations in stochastic hybrid systems

We present a new derivation of the classical action underlying a large deviation principle (LDP) for a stochastic hybrid system, which couples a piecewise deterministic dynamical system in Rd with a time-homogeneous Markov chain on some discrete space Γ. We assume that the Markov chain on Γ is ergodic, and that the discrete dynamics is much faster than the piecewise deterministic dynamics (separation of time-scales). Using the Perron–Frobenius theorem and the calculus-of-variations, we show that the resulting action Hamiltonian is given by the Perron eigenvalue of a |Γ|-dimensional linear equation. The corresponding linear operator depends on the transition rates of the Markov chain and the nonlinear functions of the piecewise deterministic system. We compare the Hamiltonian to one derived using WKB methods, and show that the latter is a reduction of the former. We also indicate how the analysis can be extended to a multi-scale stochastic process, in which the continuous dynamics is described by a piecewise stochastic differential equations (SDE). Finally, we illustrate the theory by considering applications to conductance-based models of membrane voltage fluctuations in the presence of stochastic ion channels.
Testing the International Crude Oil Market Integration with Structural Breaks

As spread between the WTI and Brent crude oil price is widening after early 2011, it could be that the price relationship between these crude oil is changing. To see if such change affected the price linkages among the international crude oil markets, this study investigates if the world's major benchmark crude oil markets are integrated using the latest data and test the globalization hypothesis when effects from structural breaks are reflected in the test model. The study reveals that while the Brent and Dubai crude oil markets continue to have a long-run relationship, the WTI no longer have a long-run relationship with the international crude oil market.
Trampling, defoliation and physiological integration affect growth, morphological and mechanical properties of a root-suckering clonal tree.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Grazing is a complex process involving the simultaneous occurrence of both trampling and defoliation. Clonal plants are a common feature of heavily grazed ecosystems where large herbivores inflict the simultaneous pressures of trampling and defoliation on the vegetation. We test the hypothesis that physiological integration (resource sharing between interconnected ramets) may help plants to deal with the interactive effects of trampling and defoliation. METHODS In a field study, small and large ramets of the root-suckering clonal tree Populus simonii were subjected to two levels of trampling and defoliation, while connected or disconnected to other ramets. Plant responses were quantified via survival, growth, morphological and stem mechanical traits. KEY RESULTS Disconnection and trampling increased mortality, especially in small ramets. Trampling increased stem length, basal diameter, fibrous root mass, stem stiffness and resistance to deflection in connected ramets, but decreased them in disconnected ones. Trampling decreased vertical height more in disconnected than in connected ramets, and reduced stem mass in disconnected ramets but not in connected ramets. Defoliation reduced basal diameter, leaf mass, stem mass and leaf area ratio, but did not interact with trampling or disconnection. CONCLUSIONS Although clonal integration did not influence defoliation response, it did alleviate the effects of trampling. We suggest that by facilitating resource transport between ramets, clonal integration compensates for trampling-induced damage to fine roots.
Intake of Meals Containing High Levels of Carbohydrates or High Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Induces Postprandial Dysmetabolism in Young Overweight/Obese Men

Postprandial metabolic response depends on the meals' components and can be different in normal weight and obese people. However, there are some discrepancies between various reports. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic response after intake of standardised meals with various fat and carbohydrate contents and to determine the differences among normal weight and overweight/obese individuals. The study group comprised 46 healthy men. The participants were divided into two groups and study was carried out using a crossover method. Group I received high- and normal-carbohydrate meals, whereas group II received high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals. Glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acids levels were measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after meal intake. Despite the lack of differences in glucose levels, insulin levels were higher among overweight/obese individuals after each meal. TG and FFA levels were higher after normal-carbohydrate and high-fat meals. Moreover, in overweight/obese young men after high-fat meal intake postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was observed, even if meals contained predominantly unsaturated fatty acids, and fasting triglycerides levels were in normal range. The conducted study showed that postprandial metabolic response depends not only on the meal macronutrient content but also on the current body mass index (BMI).