Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling a Balanced Academic Curriculum Problem

In this paper, we study a balanced academic curriculum problem. We show that this problem can be modelled in different ways, and argue why each model is useful. We also propose integrating the models so as to benefit from the complimentary strengths of each model. Experimental results show that the integration significantly increases the domain pruning, and even decreases the run-time on many instances. General lessons are learnt from this modelling exercise. First, when constraints are difficult to specify in a particular model, we should consider channelling into a second model in which these constraints are easier to specify and reason about. Second, whilst constraint programming (CP) models can be best at finding optimal or near-optimal solutions, integer linear programming (ILP) models may be better for proving optimality. Hybrid CP and ILP models or a two phase approach may therefore be advantageous. Third, CP and ILP tools should provide primitives for channelling between models. Finally, we can often profitably combine different problem representations, as well as different solution methods.
Increased Levels of Chitotriosidase and YKL-40 in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau, abnormally phosphorylated tau and amyloid β 1-42 are strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from the pathologic hallmarks that these biomarkers represent, other processes such as inflammation and microglial activation are present in the brains of patients with AD. New biomarkers related to these processes could be valuable for the diagnosis and follow-up of AD patients and for the evaluation of inflammation-related pathologies. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of inflammatory CSF biomarkers with AD. Methods: Twenty-five AD patients and 25 controls who had a pathological and normal CSF profile of the core AD biomarkers, respectively, were included in this study. CSF levels of chitotriosidase, YKL-40 (also known as chitinase-3-like protein 1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were quantified and the levels compared between the groups. Results: AD patients had increased CSF levels of chitotriosidase and YKL-40 (both approximately twice higher than in controls), while the levels of MCP-1 were similar in the AD and control groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that chitotriosidase and YKL-40 may be helpful for the evaluation of cerebral inflammatory activity in AD patients.
Testimonial Theater and Migration Performance

This article examines Essingan, a play created and performed by returned migrants and deportees in Bamako to challenge dominant discourses on migration. The first part of the article demonstrates how the play attempts to shift the meaning of migrating to traveling, to readjust the interpretation of the migratory experience to adventure, and to claim new legitimacy. The examination highlights ambivalence to the narrative of mobility, underlining the critical moral concerns that such an approach to mobility can raise. The second part analyzes the poetics of a journey performed onstage and the strategies adopted to consolidate the alternative discourse the play proposes in the larger context of theater on migration in Bamako.
Increased egg production by active immunization against vasoactive intestinal peptide in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a hypothalamic prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor in the turkey. The hypothesis in the present study was that active immunization of turkeys with VIP would neutralize endogenous VIP, decrease circulating PRI, and consequently prevent the expression of incubation behavior. Large white female turkeys were divided into three experimental groups comprising untreated controls, control turkeys immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and turkeys immunized with synthetic chicken VIP conjugate (KLH-cVIP). Each turkey received four injections at 4-wk intervals, starting on the day of photostimulation. The immune response, measured by the percentage binding of monoiodinated chicken VIP (cVIP) to plasma at a dilution of 1:1000, averaged 11.8 +/- 2.5% during the reproductive life cycle. Immunization against KLH-cVIP prevented the normal increases of PRL that are associated with the photo-induced reproductive cycle. Over a 21-wk period beginning at photostimulation, KLH-cVIP-immunized birds exhibited a maximal plasma PRL level of 82.2 +/- 29.5 ng/ml, compared to 367.7 +/- 66.6 ng/ml and 227.5 +/- 51.7 ng/ml for non- and KLH-immunized turkeys, respectively. The total number of nest visits per hen during the 147-day experimental period decreased from 320.0 +/- 48.2 in the nonimmunized controls to 180.7 +/- 53.7 and 149.4 +/- 13.1 visits in KLH- and KLH-cVIP conjugate-immunized turkeys. Turkeys that showed an immune response to KLH-cVIP immunization did not exhibit incubation behavior, whereas 54% and 33% of non- and KLH-immunized hens incubated their eggs. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Placebo effect in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

AIMS To assess whether frequency of placebo administration is associated with duodenal ulcer healing. METHODS A systematic literature review of randomized clinical trials was undertaken. 79 of 80 trials that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled 4 week placebo healing rate of all duodenal ulcer trials that employed a four times a day regimen was compared with the rate obtained from trials with a twice a day regimen. RESULTS The pooled 4 week healing rate of the 51 trials with a four times a day regimen was 44. 2% (805 of 1821 patients) compared with 36.2% (545 of 1504 patients) in the 28 trials with a twice a day regimen (difference, 8.0% [equal effects model]; 95% confidence interval, 4.6% to 11.3%). Depending on the statistical analysis, the rate difference ranged from 6.0% (multivariable random effects model) to 8.0% (equal effects model). A number of sensitivity analyses showed comparable differences between the two regimens. Most of these sensitivity analyses were not significant, probably because a number of trials were excluded resulting in a loss of power. CONCLUSIONS We found a relation between frequency of placebo administration and healing of duodenal ulcer. We realize that the comparison was based on nonrandomized data. However, we speculate that the difference between regimens was induced by the difference in frequency of placebo administration. A better knowledge of various placebo effects is required in order to make clinically relevant assessments of treatment effects derived from placebo-controlled trials.
Using Bloom's Revised Taxonomy to Analyze a Reading Comprehension Instrument

Though the designers may claim otherwise, the vast majority of reading comprehension instruments measure a student’s mastery of specific skills, such as decoding or phonological awareness, rather than their ability to extract meaning from text. This article is the third in a series in which the researchers examine two specific Malaysian reading comprehension instruments developed by a team of researchers at the Universiti of Sains Malaysia. These tests were developed for the purpose of evaluating reading comprehension abilities of students in the primary grades (Test I for grade 1-3, Test II for grades 4-6) in Malaysia (Hashim, 2006). In the previous studies, we established that the English version of the test was comparable to the Malay version, and that Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy: the Cognitive Dimension (Anderson & Karthwohl, 2001), could be used to classify the test items. In this study, we extend our prior work by comparing the Malay classification scheme with Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy: the Cognitive Dimension (Anderson & Karthwohl, 2001). They found that rarely did questions classified by the Malay structure as testing higher-order reading skills, such as evaluation, actually do so. Instead, most questions merely identified students’ reading skills, rather than comprehension. Thus, more work is needed in order to develop an instrument that actually measures the evaluative abilities of students’ as they interact with texts.
An implicit approximate inverse preconditioner for saddle point problems.

We present a preconditioner for saddle point problems which is based on an approximation of an implicit representation of the inverse of the saddle point matrix. Whereas this preconditioner does not require an approximation to the Schur complement, its theoretical analysis yields some interesting relationship to some Schurcomplement-based preconditioners. Whereas the evaluation of this new preconditioner is slightly more expensive than the evaluation of standard block preconditioners from the literature, it has the advantage that, similar to constraint preconditioners, the iterates of the preconditioned system satisfy the constraint equations exactly. We will demonstrate the performance of the implicit approximate inverse preconditioner in the iterative solution of the discrete twoas well as three-dimensional Oseen equations.
Assembly of a tetrameric α‐helical bundle: Computer simulations on an intermediate‐resolution protein model

Discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) simulation on an intermediate‐resolution protein model is used to study the folding of an isolated, small model peptide to an amphipathic α‐helix and the assembly of four of these model peptides into a four‐helix bundle. A total of 129 simulations were performed on the isolated peptide, and 50 simulations were performed on the four‐peptide system. Simulations efficiently sample conformational space allowing complete folding trajectories from random initial configurations to be observed within 15 min for the one‐peptide system and within 15 h for the four‐peptide system on a 500‐MHz workstation. The native structures of both the α‐helix and the four‐helix bundle are consistent with experimental characterization studies and with results from previous simulations on these model peptides. In both the one‐ and four‐peptide systems, the native state is achieved during simulations within an optimal temperature range, a phenomenon also observed experimentally. The ease with which our simulations yield reasonable estimates of folded structures demonstrates the power of the intermediate‐resolution model developed for this work and the DMD algorithm and suggests that simulations of very long times and of multiprotein systems may be possible with this model. Proteins 2001;44:376–391. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian Analysis of Pareto Reliability With Dependent Masked Data

In this paper, we consider a series system with two s-independent components, each of which has a Pareto distributed lifetime. We assume the lifetime data from the system are masked, and the masking probability is dependent. Noninformative prior, and conjugate prior are considered; and Gibbs sampling method is used to obtain the estimators of the unknown parameters, the reliability function, and the hazard function. A numeric example demonstrates how to apply the theoretical results.
Congenital gastrointestinal defects in Down syndrome: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects

We report Down syndrome (DS)‐associated congenital gastrointestinal (GI) defects identified during a 15 year, population‐based study of the etiology and phenotypic consequences of trisomy 21. Between 1989 and 2004, six sites collected DNA, clinical and epidemiological information on live‐born infants with standard trisomy 21 and their parents. We used chi‐squared test and logistic regression to explore relationships between congenital GI defects and infant sex, race, maternal age, origin of the extra chromosome 21, and presence of a congenital heart defect. Congenital GI defects were present in 6.7% of 1892 eligible infants in this large, ethnically diverse, population‐based study of DS. Defects included esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (0.4%), pyloric stenosis (0.3%), duodenal stenosis/atresia (3.9%), Hirschsprung disease (0.8%), and anal stenosis/atresia (1.0%). We found no statistically significant associations between these defects and the factors examined. Although not significant, esophageal atresia was observed more often in infants of younger mothers and Hispanics, Hirschsprung disease was more frequent in males and in infants of younger mothers and blacks, and anal stenosis/atresia was found more often among females and Asians.
RAPID CORRECTION OF WASTING IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Severe cerebral palsy is often accompanied by wasting. The authors used standard methods for the correction of primary protein energy malnutrition in children with severe cerebral palsy. A randomised controlled trial was used to compare intensive nasogastric tube‐feeding with the best oral feeding that could be achieved. Nasogastric feeding led to highly significant increases in weight. The changes in skinfold thickness and mid‐arm muscle circumference indicated increases in both lean and fat tissue. This study indicates that wasting associated with cerebral palsy can be quickly corrected, so there is no reason why such patients should be exposed to the increased risks associated with wasting.
Multihospital system membership and patient treatments, expenditures, and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between hospital membership in systems and the treatments, expenditures, and outcomes of patients. DATA SOURCES The Medicare Provider Analysis and Review dataset, for data on Medicare patients admitted to general medical-surgical hospitals between 1985 and 1998 with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI); the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, for data on hospitals. STUDY DESIGN A multivariate regression analysis. An observation is a fee-for-service Medicare AMI patient admitted to a study hospital. Dependent variables include patient transfers, catheterizations, angioplasties or bypass surgeries, 90-day mortality, and Medicare expenditures. Independent variables include system participation, other admission hospital and patient traits, and hospital and year fixed effects. The five-part system definition incorporates the size and location of the index admission hospital and the size and distance of its partners. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS While the effects of multihospital system membership on patients are in general limited, patients initially admitted to small rural system hospitals that have big partners within 100 miles experience lower mortality rates than patients initially admitted to independent hospitals. Regression results show that to the extent system hospital patients experience differences in treatments and outcomes relative to patients of independent hospitals, these differences remain even after controlling for the admission hospital's capacity to provide cardiac services. CONCLUSIONS Multihospital system participation may affect AMI patient treatment and outcomes through factors other than cardiac service offerings. Additional investigation into the nature of these factors is warranted.
The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar

The last decade has seen a rise in popularity in construction-based approaches to grammar. The various approaches within the rubric 'construction grammar' all see language as a network of constructions-pairings of form and meaning. Construction Grammar, as a kind of cognitive linguistics, differs significantly from mainstream generative grammar as espoused by Chomsky and his followers. Advocates of Construction Grammar see it as a psychologically plausible theory of human language. As such, it is capable of providing a principled account of language acquisition, language variation and language change. Research in Construction Grammar also includes multidisciplinary cognitive studies in psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and computational linguistics. The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar is the first authoritative reference work solely dedicated to Construction Grammar. Divided into five sections, the book will be an invaluable resource that students and scholars alike can turn to for a comprehensive account of current work on Construction Grammar, its theoretical foundations, and its applications to and relationship with other kinds of linguistic enquiry.
TLR-Activated Dendritic Cells Proinflammatory Cytokines Produced by Are Differentially Regulated by Regulatory T Cell Suppression and Anergy

CD25 (cid:1) CD4 (cid:1) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to certain self Ags. In this study, the requirements for murine Treg-suppressive activity and proliferation were examined in the context of the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). We ﬁnd that the suppressive function of Tregs is critically dependent on immature DCs and is readily reversed by the maturation of DCs induced by GM-CSF, but does not require TLR activation of either DCs or Tregs. In contrast, reversal of Treg anergy is dependent on TLR activation of DCs, and involves the potentiation of Treg responsiveness to IL-2 by cooperative effects of IL-6 and IL-1, both of which are produced by TLR-activated, mature DCs. Thus, proinﬂammatory cytokines produced by TLR-activated, mature DCs are required for reversal of Treg anergy, but are not required to overcome Treg suppression. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 173: 7249–7258. T 3 CD4 T cell the of self-tolerance. A deﬁciency of CD25 (cid:1) CD4 (cid:1) Tregs thymec-tomy or spontaneous and induced mutations their development multiorgan autoimmune disease The adoptive transfer of CD25 (cid:1) CD4 (cid:1) Tregs of autoimmune reactions
A biocompatible titanium headpost for stabilizing behaving monkeys.

Many neurophysiological experiments involving monkeys require that the head be stabilized while the animal performs a task. Often a post is attached to the skull to accomplish this goal, using a headcap formed from dental acrylic. We describe a new headpost, developed by refinement of several prototypes, and supply an AutoCAD file to aid in machine shop production. This headpost is fabricated from a single piece of commercially pure titanium. It has a footplate consisting of four limbs arranged in the configuration of a "K. " These are bent during surgery to match the curvature of the skull and attached with specialized titanium bone screws. Headposts were implanted in seven rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 2 yr to adult. None has been rejected after up to 17 mo of regular use. They require little or no daily toilette and create only a 0.80-cm(2) defect in the scalp. Computed tomography after implantation showed that the skull undergoes remodeling to embed the footplate in bone. This finding was confirmed by necropsy in two subjects. The outer table of the skull had grown over the titanium footplate, whereas the inner table had thickened to bury the tips of the titanium screws. The remarkable strength of the skull/implant bond was demonstrated by applying increasing amounts of torque to the headpost. At 26.3 Nm, the headpost tore from its metal footplate, but no screws came loose. The excellent performance of this implant is explained by integration of biocompatible titanium into remodeled bone tissue. The headpost is simpler to implant, more securely anchored, easier to maintain, and less obtrusive than devices attached with acrylic.
Discussing the role of the business school

During the lead up to the publication of this Special Issue, we invited several figures to engage our original call for contributions in what ever way they saw fit. As these commentaries proliferated, it became increasingly apparent to us that it would be worth staging a virtual roundtable discussion – that being an online discussion co-ordinated and chaired by ephemera (in this case represented by Stephen Dunne) – devoted to the question of what today’s Business School is for. With this end in mind, contributors to this feature were asked to debate the Role of the Business School, with particular emphasis being placed upon the opportunities and challenges that the very existence of something like a Business School presents to contemporary critical scholarship.
The Developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood

Contents: Preface. Part I: Current Conceptions of the Structure of Adult Personality. L.R. Goldberg, T.K. Rosolak, The Big Five Factor Structure as an Integrative Framework: An Empirical Comparison with Eysenck's P-E-N Model. H.J. Eysenck, The Big Five or Giant Three: Criteria for a Paradigm. M. Zuckerman, An Alternate Five-Factor Model for Personality. A. Angleitner, F. Ostendorf, Temperament and the Big Five Factors of Personality. B. De Raad, A.A. J. Hendriks, W.K. B. Hofstee, The Big Five: A Tip of the Iceberg of Individual Differences. A.T. Panter, J.S. Tanaka, R.H. Hoyle, Structual Models for Multimode Designs in Personality and Temperament Research. P.T. Costa, Jr., R.R. McCrae, Stability and Change in Personality From Adolescence Through Adulthood. Part II: Emerging Conceptions of the Childhood Precursors of Personality Structure. R.P. Martin, J. Wisenbaker, M. Huttunen, Review of Factor Analytic Studies of Temperament Measures Based on the Thomas-Chess Structural Model: Implications for the Big Five. W.O. Eaton, Temperament, Development and the Five-Factor Model: Lessons From Activity Level. S.A. Ahadi, M.K. Rothbart, Temperament, Development and the Big Five. T.D. Wachs, Fit, Context, and the Transition Between Temperament and Personality. Part III: Deriving the Five-Factor Model From Parental Ratings of Children and Adolescents. B. Hagekull, Infant Temperament and Early Childhood Functioning: Possible Relations to the Five-Factor Model. H.H. Goldsmith, S.H. Losoya, D.L. Bradshaw, J.J. Campos, Genetics of Personality: A Twin Study of the Five-Factor Model and Parent-Offspring Analyses. R.W. Robins, O.P. John, A. Caspi, Major Dimensions of Personality in Early Adolescence: The Big Five and Beyond. C.F. M. van Lieshout, G.J.T. Haselager, The Big Five Personality Factors in Q-Sort Descriptions of Children and Adolescents. Part IV: Deriving the Five-Factor Model From Teacher Ratings of Children and Adolescents. J.M. Digman, Child Personality and Temperament: Does the Five-Factor Model Embrace Both Domains? W.G. Graziano, The Development of Agreeableness as a Dimension of Personality. J.B. Victor, The Five-Factor Model Applied to Individual Differences in School Behavior. Part V: A Research Agenda for the Study of Personality and Temperament in Childhood Based on Free Description. V.L. Havill, K. Allen, C.F. Halverson, G.A. Kohnstamm, Parents' Use of Big Five Categories in Their Natural Language Descriptions of Children. I. Mervielde, A Five-Factor Model Classification of Teachers' Constructs on Individual Differences Among Children Ages 4 to 12. A.W. Goedhart, A. Treffers, G.A. Kohnstamm, The Five-Factor Model in Child Psychiatry: Parents' Free Personality Descriptions of Their Children.