Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) with either measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines in 14- to 23-month-old infants.

In 1985, the first capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [PRP]) vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b was licensed and recommended for routine use in children between 24 and 60 months of age. In the United States, approximately 75% to 90% of invasive disease due to H influenzae type b occurs in infants younger than 24 months, a population for whom H influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine is inadequately immunogenic and protective. In an effort to enhance the immunogenicity of H influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine for children in the most susceptible age groups, conjugate vaccines have been developed in which the capsular PRP of H influenzae type b has been bound to a variety of carrier proteins, thereby conferring the vaccines with thymic-dependent attributes. One such conjugate vaccine, in which the carrier protein is diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D), was licensed in 1987 and has been recommended since 1988 for routine use in children 18 months of age and older. A second conjugate vaccine, in which an oligosaccharide derivative of H influenzae type b capsular PRP is coupled to CRM, a nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin (oligo-CRM), was licensed in 1988 and is a sanctioned alternative to PRP-D. Another investigational conjugate vaccine, in which the polysaccharide is linked to the outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis group B (PRP-OMPC), has been demonstrated to be both safe and immunogenic when administered in a two-dose schedule to 2- to 6-month-old infants. However, anti-PRP antibody levels decline significantly during the ensuing 10 to 15 months; they rise significantly in response to booster doses of either PRP or PRP-OMPC administered 10 to 15 months after the initial priming doses of PRP-OMPC. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of flexibility and hydration on the sequence‐specific DNA recognition by the Tn916 integrase protein: a molecular dynamics analysis

The N‐terminal domain of the Tn916 integrase protein (INT‐DBD) is responsible for DNA binding in the process of strand cleavage and joining reactions required for transposition of the Tn916 conjugative transposon. Site‐specific association is facilitated by numerous protein–DNA contacts from the face of a three‐stranded β‐sheet inserted into the major groove. The protein undergoes a subtle conformational transition and is slightly unfolded in the protein–DNA complex. The conformation of many charged residues is poorly defined by NMR data but mutational studies have indicated that removal of polar side chains decreases binding affinity, while non‐polar contacts are malleable. Based on analysis of the binding enthalpy and binding heat capacity, we have reasoned that dehydration of the protein–DNA interface is incomplete. This study presents results from a molecular dynamics investigation of the INT–DBD–DNA complex aimed at a more detailed understanding of the role of conformational dynamics and hydration in site‐specific binding. Comparison of simulations (total of 13 ns) of the free protein and of the bound protein conformation (in isolation or DNA‐bound) reveals intrinsic flexibility in certain parts of the molecule. Conformational adaptation linked to partial unfolding appears to be induced by protein–DNA contacts. The protein–DNA hydrogen‐bonding network is highly dynamic. The simulation identifies protein–DNA interactions that are poorly resolved or only surmised from the NMR ensemble. Single water molecules and water clusters dynamically optimize the complementarity of polar interactions at the ‘wet’ protein–DNA interface. The simulation results are useful to establish a qualitative link between experimental data on individual residue's contribution to binding affinity and thermodynamic properties of INT–DBD alone and in complex with DNA. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender, Power and Crib Geography: Transitional spaces and potential places

ABSTRACT D. W. Winnicott's notion of 'transitional space' is noted as a potentially important contribution to post-Englightenment thinking because it decenters reason and logic in favor of playing with and making use of as the qualities most characteristic of human being. Winnicott is also, perhaps, the one child development theorist whose speculations parallel most closely contemporary post-modern interests of geographers. His principal concerns are how children (and adults) bridge the gap between egocentricism and recognition of an external world and how they distinguish between self and other. Unlike Piaget, Freud or Lacan, Winnicott does not problematize the separation of the child and her external environment primarily in terms of objective distancing, naming, rationalizing or compartmentalizing. Rather, Winnicott describes the place of play and child development in terms of transitional spaces which, we argue, bear close resemblance to the ideas which surround Henri Lefebvre's trial by space. In par.
Comparing Theories from Textbooks and Practicing Teachers

The theories of student learning presented in four current educational psychology texts were com pared with those expressed by 38 cooperating teachers in discussions of teaching practice with pre service teachers. The theories in the texts differed from the teachers' theories in purpose, in language, and in major concepts. The texts focused on explication of the concepts in the formal theories of educational psychology; the teachers focused on explaining how they conceptualize their practice. The interviews with teachers revealed that the tacit learning theories of teachers give prominence to three sets of relationships: (a) responsibility, respect, and rapport; (b) confidence, trust, and suc cess, and (c) interest, honesty, and relevance.
Bullying in Childhood, Externalizing Behaviors, and Adult Offending: Evidence From a 30-Year Study

This study examined the developmental processes linking childhood bullying to criminal offending in adulthood, using data from a 30-year longitudinal study. The linkages between bullying in childhood and three criminal offending outcomes in adulthood were estimated both before and after control for a range of confounding factors. A series of protective factors that potentially mediated these linkages were also examined. The results of the study showed that while the majority of the association between childhood bullying and adult offending could be explained by confounding factors including childhood externalizing behavior, there was evidence for direct linkages from bullying to violent offending and arrest/conviction. There was little evidence to suggest mediation of the associations. The results suggest that bullying prevention requires interventions aimed specifically at bullying behavior.
Prospective comparative study of computer programs used for management of warfarin.

AIMS--To compare the effectiveness of three computerised systems that are currently used for assisting warfarin control in outpatients with the customary dosing method used by experienced medical staff. METHODS--A pilot randomised study of three systems with a follow up independently randomised study of two of these was made on 186 patients receiving long term treatment or who had recently started warfarin treatment and had been discharged from hospital. RESULTS--All three computerised systems seemed to give satisfactory control compared with the traditional dosing method. For patients receiving more intensive treatment with an assigned target range of 3.0-4.5 computerised dosage programs achieved significantly better control; the medical staff undertreated such patients almost 50% of the time. CONCLUSION--Computer based programs can assist outpatient anticoagulant control with warfarin during both early and long term treatment. For most patients the control achieved is as good as that obtained by the customary method of dosing, by experienced clinic doctors, although the latter tend to be too conservative when dosing patients within the intense target range of 3.0 to 4.5 International Normalised Ratio (INR). The computers were significantly more successful in this higher range.
Nationality and European Negotiations:

This article explores the communication networks of negotiators in the working groups of the Council of Ministers of the European Union. We employ data collected by interviewing diplomats and civil servants involved in these working groups. These data enable us to explore the role of discretion in a more systematic fashion. We show that negotiation behaviour at the micro-level can be affected by influence esteem, professional esteem, ideological esteem and organization self-esteem. Our approach offers an insight into the world of the men and women involved in day-to-day negotiations and can as such be considered a starting point for more systematic empirical research.
Predictors of hospital re-admissions among Hispanics with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis

Background Hospital re-admissions in decompensated cirrhosis are associated with worse patient outcomes. Hispanics have a disproportionately high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting re-admission rates among Hispanics with HCV-related cirrhosis. Methods A total of 292 consecutive HCV-related cirrhosis admissions (Hispanics 189, non-Hispanics 103) from January 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed; 132 were cirrhosis-related re-admissions. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 11.1. Chi-square/Fisher’s exact and Student’s t-tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for hospital readmissions. Results Among the 132 cirrhosis-related readmissions, 71% were Hispanics while 29% were non-Hispanics (P=0.035). Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and esophageal variceal hemorrhage were the most frequent causes of the first and subsequent readmissions. Hispanics with readmissions had a higher Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class (B and C) and higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (≥15), as well as a higher incidence of alcohol use, HE, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and varices (P<0.05). The majority of the study patients (81%) had MELD scores <15. Multivariate regression analysis identified alcohol use (OR 2.63; 95%CI 1.1-6.4), HE (OR 5.5; 95%CI 2-15.3), varices (OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.3-8.2), and CTP class (OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.4–8.1) as predictors for readmissions among Hispanics. Conclusion CTP classes B and C, among other factors, were the major predictors for hospital readmissions in Hispanics with HCV-related cirrhosis. The majority of these readmissions were due to HE and variceal hemorrhage.
Gender, Gender Stereotyping, and Socioeconomic Background as Determinants of Economic Knowledge and Learning

The question of male-female differences in economic understanding continues to puzzle economic education specialists. The authors of this article report on a research project that sheds further light on this phenomenon. Several hundred secondary school students in Hawaii took the Test of Economic Understanding (TEU) on a pretest/post-test basis. The students were also asked to indicate whether economics is a masculine or feminine topic, and whether they preferred male or female teachers in their social studies classes. One of the findings of this study was that students who do not gender-stereotype economics and who have no preference regarding the gender of their teachers do better on the TEU and learn more economics. Other variables considered were grade level, GPA, intelligence, parents' occupations, holding a part-time job, and reading newspapers frequently.
Options Introduction and Volatility in the EU ETS

To improve risk management in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), the European Climate Exchange (ECX) has introduced option instruments in October 2006 after regulatory authorization. The central question we address is: can we identify a potential destabilizing effect of the introduction of options on the underlying market (EU ETS futures)? Indeed, the literature on commodities futures suggest that the introduction of derivatives may either decrease (due to more market depth) or increase (due to more speculation) volatility. As the identification of these effects ultimately remains an empirical question, we use daily data from April 2005 to April 2008 to document volatility behavior in the EU ETS. By instrumenting various GARCH models, endogenous break tests, and rolling window estimations, our results overall suggest that the introduction of the option market had no effect on the volatility in the EU ETS. These finding are robust to other likely influences linked to energy and commodity markets.
Bilingual Representation of Discourse

English-Persian bilingual subjects decided whether probes were true or false for some previously studied discourses written in either English or Persian. The response times to probes depicting explicit events were much faster when the probes were written in the same language as their discourses than when they were written in the other language. However, for probes depicting implicit or false events, the difference between response times to probes written in the same language and response times to probes written in the other language was substantially less. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that the form of the stored representation of the meaning of discourse is the same for both languages of the bilingual person.
Researching Culture: Qualitative Method and Cultural Studies

Introduction PART ONE: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND CULTURAL STUDIES What is Qualitative Research? What is Cultural Studies? PART TWO: THE PRODUCTION OF OBSERVATIONS Theoretical Framework and Method The Factist Perspective Cultural Distinctions Narrativity The Interaction Perspective The Structures of Interaction Cross-Tabulation and Quantitative Analysis PART THREE: UNRIDDLING Asking Why Generalization The Research Process The Writing Process
Statistical Significance should not be Considered one of Life’s Guarantees: Effect Sizes are Needed

It has been said that there are two guarantees in life—death and taxes. Unfortunately, in social science research a third certainty appears to have emerged, that of the statistical significance test. As Shaver (1993) noted, “A quick perusal of research journals, educational and psychological statistic textbooks, and doctoral dissertations will confirm that tests of statistical significance continue to dominate the interpretation of quantitative data in social science research” (p. 294). Although social science research continues to be ruled by a tradition of statistical significance testing (Carver, 1993; Shaver, 1993; Steiger & Fouladi, 1997), probably few methodological issues have generated as much controversy as statistical significance testing (Nickerson, 2000). Indeed, across decades and disciplines, the frequencies of publication of criticisms have grown appreciably (Anderson, Burnham, & Thompson, 2000). In the ongoing decades of debate regarding the value of statistical testing, some (e.g., Carver, 1978, 1993; Schmidt, 1996) have argued that statistical significance testing is an overused and abused means of evaluating research results and should be banned. Others (e.g., Cohen, 1990, 1994; Kirk, 1996; Thompson, 1996, 1999b) have argued that these tests should be used and interpreted correctly, and that other statistics—especially effect sizes— should receive greater attention. Still others (e.g., Cortina & Dunlap, 1997; Frick, 1996) have argued that there is little or nothing wrong with contemporary analytic practices, though some of these arguments have themselves been seen to be flawed (e.g., Hagen, 1997; Thompson, 1998). Perhaps statistical significant testing in itself is not inherently evil, but problems instead lie in the way these tests are utilized. Dar (1987) explained,
Down-Regulation of Basophil Function by Human CD200 and Human Herpesvirus-8 CD2001

Human and rodent CD200 are recognized by the inhibitory CD200R, and these molecules play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Several viruses, such as human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, and HHV-8, possess a CD200 homologue, suggesting that these viruses regulate the immune response via CD200R. In this study, we analyzed the effect of human CD200 and the viral CD200 homologues on human CD200R-expressing cells. We found that human CD200R is predominantly expressed on basophils in amounts higher than on other human peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, the viral CD200 homologues as well as human CD200 were recognized by human CD200R, and the activation of basophils was down-regulated by these CD200 proteins. These results suggested that CD200R is an important regulatory molecule of basophil activation. In addition, the presence of CD200 homologues on several viruses suggests a potentially unique relationship between basophil function and viral infection.
Opportunities knock: Mediation of peer-relations during meal-time in toddler groups

According to socio-cultural perspectives, adults are seen as mediators of cultural believes, values and practices. Qualitative analyses of teachers’ mediation of peer relations based on video-recordings in 9 toddler-groups indicate that meal-time represents opportunities for teachers to facilitate togetherness and peer-relations between toddlers. The teachers might facilitate sharing, passing food, routinized practices such as singing, and conversations. The results indicate variations between child- and group-oriented approaches, and accomplishing meals in an effective way. The child- and group-oriented approaches are marked by encouragement of toddlers’ initiatives and teachers supporting peer-interactions. Raising teachers’ consciousness about their contributions to children’s development of peer-relations and togetherness in group settings might contribute to enhance reflected practices in working with toddlers in groups.
Two-dimensional Autofocus for Spotlight SAR Polar Format Imagery

Conventional two-dimensional (2-D) autofocus algorithms blindly estimate the phase error in the sense that they do not exploit any a priori information on the structure of the 2-D phase error. As such, they often suffer from the low computational efficiency and the lack of data redundancy to accurately estimate the 2-D phase error. In this paper, an efficient semi-blind 2-D autofocus algorithm which is based on exploiting the a priori knowledge about the 2-D phase error structure, is presented. First, as a prerequisite of the proposed method, the analytical structure of the residual 2-D phase error in SAR imagery is investigated in the polar format algorithm framework. Then, by incorporating this a priori information, a novel 2-D autofocus approach is proposed. The new method only requires an estimate of the azimuth phase error and/or residual range cell migration, while the 2-D phase error can then be computed directly from the estimated azimuth phase error or residual range cell migration. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method.
Abundance analysis of turn-off and early subgiant stars in the globular cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104)

We used the UVES spectrograph on Kueyen (VLT UT2) to perform abundance analysis of stars at the base of the giant branch (RGB) and at the main sequence turn-off in the globular cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104). High dispersion spectra ($R\ga 40\,000$) for 3 dwarfs and 9 subgiants were analyzed. We found an overall [Fe/H] value of -0.67 ± 0.01 ± 0.04, rms = 0.05 dex. The mean value obtained from stars at the base of the RGB is virtually the same as that obtained from the dwarfs. Na and O abundances show a star-to-star scatter and are anti-correlated, not unlike previous findings in more metal-poor clusters. The extension of the anticorrelation is not as extreme as found in other clusters, but it is clearly present in unevolved stars. Al abundances do not show a significant spread; this could be indicative that p-captures in high temperature regions are less likely to occur in metal-rich clusters. The [ α /Fe] ratios suggest a slight excess of Ti with respect to field stars of similar metallicities. We found an enhanced odd-even effect for Fe-group elements. In particular, the [Mn/Fe] ratio is almost 0.2 dex deficient with respect to the mean value of the dissipative component of field stars in the solar neighborhood. While the theoretical and observational framework for Mn is still poorly understood, the chemistry of 47 Tuc, coupled with its kinematics and its somewhat younger age, might give hints favouring an origin in a formely independent, possibly larger, subsystem of our Galaxy.
Distinguishability of black hole microstates

We use the Holevo information to estimate distinguishability of microstates of a black hole in anti-de Sitter space by measurements one can perform on a subregion of a Cauchy surface of the dual conformal field theory. We find that microstates are not distinguishable at all until the subregion reaches a certain size and that perfect distinguishability can be achieved before the subregion covers the entire Cauchy surface. We will compare our results with expectations from the entanglement wedge reconstruction, tensor network models, and the bit threads interpretation of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula.
Existence theorems of the fractional Yamabe problem

Let $X$ be an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold and $M$ its conformal infinity. This paper is devoted to deduce several existence results of the fractional Yamabe problem on $M$ under various geometric assumptions on $X$ and $M$: Firstly, we handle when the boundary $M$ has a point at which the mean curvature is negative. Secondly, we re-encounter the case when $M$ has zero mean curvature and is either non-umbilic or umbilic but non-locally conformally flat. As a result, we replace the geometric restrictions given by Gonz\'alez-Qing (Analysis and PDE, 2013) and Gonz\'alez-Wang (arXiv:1503.02862) with simpler ones. Also, inspired by Marques (Comm. Anal. Geom., 2007) and Almaraz (Pacific J. Math., 2010), we study lower-dimensional manifolds. Finally, the situation when $X$ is Poincar\'e-Einstein, $M$ is either locally conformally flat or 2-dimensional is covered under the validity of the positive mass theorem for the fractional conformal Laplacians.