Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Benzopyranones from the Endophytic Fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 and Their Bioactivities

The endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 was isolated from the hybrid ‘Neva’ of Populus deltoides Marsh × P. nigra L. In this study, four benzopyranones were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12, and identified as palmariol B (1), 4-hydroxymellein (2), alternariol 9-methyl ether (3), and botrallin (4) by means of physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antinematodal and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. 4-Hydroxymellein (2) exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the other compounds. Palmariol B (1) showed stronger antimicrobial, antinematodal and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities than alternariol 9-methyl ether (3) which indicated that the chlorine substitution at position 2 may contribute to its bioactivity. The results indicate the potential of this endophytic fungus as a source of bioactive benzopyranones.
Attempt towards a novel classification of triple-negative breast cancer using immunohistochemical markers

Significant efforts have been made to gain a better understanding of the heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancers from the histological to the molecular and genomic levels. In this study, we attempted to bring forward gene expression subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TBNC) to the clinic, by translating gene stratification to clinically accessible immunohistochemical (IHC) classification. Using IHC analysis, we categorized 154 TBNC cases into three main subclasses. Differences in the frequencies of basic characteristics and clinicopathological parameters between the subtypes were examined using Chi-square tests. We defined three main groups among the 154 triple-negative cases. The basal-like (BL) group expressed cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and/or CK14 (83 cases), the AR+ group demonstrated positivity for androgen receptor (18 cases), and the final group exhibited a CD44+CD24-/low phenotype (39 cases). There were three overlapping cases between the BL subgroup and the CD44+CD24-/low phenotype subgroup, and 11 unclassified cases. In this new IHC classification, three subcategories exhibited a statistical difference with regard to age, tumor size, histological grade, tumor necrosis, Ki67 labeling index, relapse-free survival, breast cancer-specific survival and response to chemotherapy. According to our definition, the BL group and CD44+CD24-/low phenotype could be observed in tumors that were not triple-negative, and BL tumors that were triple-negative demonstrated almost undistinguishable clinicopathological characteristics compared with BL tumors that were not triple-negative. The same observation was made with CD44+CD24-/low tumors that were triple-negative vs. CD44+CD24-/low tumors that were not. The AR+ group demonstrated undistinguishable clinicopathological characteristics compared with the luminal subtype. We successfully distinguished three subtypes exhibiting diverse clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics with the minimum use of IHC markers.
The pulsating DA white dwarf star EC 14012 1446: results from four epochs of time-resolved photometry

The pulsating DA white dwarfs are the coolest degenerate stars that undergo self-driven oscillations. Understanding their interior structure will help us to understand the previous evolution of the star. To this end, we report the analysis of more than 200 h of time-resolved CCD photometry of the pulsating DA white dwarf star EC 14012-1446 acquired during four observing epochs in three different years, including a coordinated three-site campaign. A total of 19 independent frequencies in the star's light variations together with 148 combination signals up to fifth order could be detected. We are unable to obtain the period spacing of the normal modes and therefore a mass estimate of the star, but we infer a fairly short rotation period of 0.61 ±0.03 d, assuming the rotationally split modes are l =1. The pulsation modes of the star undergo amplitude and frequency variations, in the sense that modes with higher radial overtone show more pronounced variability and that amplitude changes are always accompanied by frequency variations. Most of the second-order combination frequencies detected have amplitudes that are a function of their parent mode amplitudes, but we found a few cases of possible resonantly excited modes. We point out the complications in the analysis and interpretation of data sets of pulsating white dwarfs that are affected by combination frequencies of the form f A +f B -f c intruding into the frequency range of the independent modes.
Environmental risk of mycosis in patients treated at an acquired immunodeficiency

Purpose: Patients with acquired immunodeficiency are particularly predisposed to fungal infections. The purpose of the study was evaluation of the presence of fungi in the environment of a ward where Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients were treated. Materials and methods: The evaluation of fungal presence in the indoor air and on the room walls at an acquired immunodeficiency ward in the University Hospital in Cracow was carried out in December 2006. Indoor air specimens were sampled using an aspiration method (a MAS 100 device) while imprints from the walls using Cont-Tact method (bioMèrieux) in the morning ad in the evening during five consecutive days. A total of sixty air specimens and thirty imprints from the walls were obtained. The fungi cultured from those specimens were analysed using standard mycological procedures. Results: It was found out that the numbers of fungi sampled from the indoor air in the morning were significantly higher than those sampled in the evening. The average numbers of fungi isolated in the rooms inhabited by the patients varied from 55 c.f. u (colony forming units)×m-3 to 490 c.f. u×m-3 as calculated for the entire testing period. Fungi potentially pathogenic for persons with impaired immunity were found in all of the rooms: Aspergillus sp. , Mucor sp. , and yeast-like fungi Candida sp. Conclusion: Reduction of the numbers of potentially pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi in the indoor air should be a standard in the practice of medical staff (mainly epidemiological nurses).
Bridging the Paradigm Gap with Rules for OWL

Accelerated by the vision of the semantic web, semantic technologies have recently made significant advances. The underlying methods and paradigms are already being transferred to adjacent areas of research in artificial intelligence, knowledge management, and elsewhere. Textbooks explaining the foundations have appeared. Large national and international projects on the topic are under way. The technology received a crucial impulse when the Web Ontology Language OWL became a W3C recommendation in 2004. It is already being perceived as a basic knowledge representation language with potential which goes far beyond the semantic web use case. At the same time, it is apparent that OWL needs to be extended with additional expressive features in order to become applicable and useful in many domains. Corresponding efforts are being pursued with frenzy by research institutions and industry. These efforts are being aided substantially by the fact that OWL is based on sound logical foundations as it can be understood as a well-understood decidable albeit very expressive fragment of first order logic. The need for an extension of OWL by rules has been known since the beginning. Indeed, the rule-based ontology representation language F-Logic [6, 1] is being used widely where a rule-based approach appears to be more feasible. As an example, we mention the HALO project1 by Vulcan Inc.2 whose ultimate goal is the creation of a “digital Aristotle”, an expert tutor in a wide variety of subjects, with deep reasoning abilities. The initial
Distribution of subclasses of HDL containing apoA-I without apoA-II (LpA-I) in normolipidemic men and women.

Women have significantly higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I than men. Human HDL consists of two major species of apoA-I-containing lipoproteins: LpA-I (lipoprotein containing apoA-I but not apoA-II) and LpA-I:A-II (lipoprotein containing both apoA-I and apoA-II). LpA-I is itself heterogeneous and contains several subclasses of different size and composition. We analyzed LpA-I subclasses in 12 male and 12 female healthy normolipidemic adults. LpA-I concentrations were significantly higher in women (72.4 +/- 5.6 mg/dL) than in men (50.2 +/- 2.2 mg/dL) (P < .05). LpA-I was preparatively isolated from fasting plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography. Gel filtration chromatography was then used to isolate LpA-I subclasses based on size. Three major subclasses were eluted: large, medium, and small LpA-I. No differences between men and women in the size or composition of individual LpA-I subclasses were observed. In contrast, the distribution and plasma concentration of LpA-I subclasses were significantly different between men and women. As a fraction of total LpA-I, the large LpA-I was significantly higher (68.0% to 48.4%) and the medium LpA-I was significantly lower (26.4% to 44.9%) in women than in men. The fraction of small LpA-I was not significantly different. Plasma concentrations of large LpA-I in women (49.2 mg/dL) were twice that in men (24.3 mg/dL), whereas plasma concentrations of medium LpA-I (19.1 mg/dL versus 22.5 mg/dL) and small LpA-I (4.0 mg/dL versus 3.0 mg/dL) were similar in women and men. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Segmentation of British Sign Language (bsl): Mind the Gap!

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A full characterization of quantum advice

We prove the following surprising result: given any quantum state rho on n qubits, there exists a local Hamiltonian H on poly(n) qubits (e.g., a sum of two-qubit interactions), such that any ground state of H can be used to simulate rho on all quantum circuits of fixed polynomial size. In terms of complexity classes, this implies that BQP/qpoly is contained in QMA/poly, which supersedes the previous result of Aaronson that BQP/qpoly is contained in PP/poly. Indeed, we can exactly characterize quantum advice, as equivalent in power to untrusted quantum advice combined with trusted classical advice. Proving our main result requires combining a large number of previous tools -- including a result of Alon et al. on learning of real-valued concept classes, a result of Aaronson on the learnability of quantum states, and a result of Aharonov and Regev on "QMA+ super-verifiers" -- and also creating some new ones. The main new tool is a so-called majority-certificates lemma, which is closely related to boosting in machine learning, and which seems likely to find independent applications. In its simplest version, this lemma says the following. Given any set S of Boolean functions on n variables, any function f in S can be expressed as the pointwise majority of m=O(n) functions f1,. ,fm in S, such that each fi is the unique function in S compatible with O(log|S|) input/output constraints.
A 345 mW Heterogeneous Many-Core Processor With an Intelligent Inference Engine for Robust Object Recognition

A heterogeneous many-core object recognition processor is proposed to realize robust and efficient object recognition on real-time video of cluttered scenes. Unlike previous approaches that simply aimed for high GOPS/W, we aim to achieve high Effective GOPS/W, or EGOPS/W, which only counts operations carried out on meaningful regions of an input image. This is achieved by the Unified Visual Attention Model (UVAM) which confines complex Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature extraction to meaningful object regions while rejecting meaningless background regions. The Intelligent Inference Engine (HE), a mixed-mode neuro-fuzzy inference system, performs the top-down familiarity attention of the UVAM which guides attention toward pre-learned objects. Weight perturbation-based learning of the HE ensures high attention precision through online adaptation. The SIFT recognition is accelerated by an optimized array of 420-way SIMD Vector Processing Elements, 32 MIMD Scalar Processing Elements, and 1 Feature Matching Processor. When processing 30 fps 640 × 480 video, the 50 mm2 object recognition processor implemented in a 0.13 μm process achieves 246 EGOPS/W, which is 46 % higher than the previous work. The average power consumption is only 345 mW.
Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Protective Type 2 Immunity against Signaling in Plasma Cell Differentiation and A Nonredundant Role for IL-21 Receptor

Pathogen-speciﬁc Ab production following infection with the gut-dwelling roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus is critical for protective immunity against reinfection. However, the factors required for productive T cell–B cell interactions in the context of a type 2-dominated immune response are not well deﬁned. In the present study, we identify IL-21R signaling as a critical factor in driving pathogen-speciﬁc plasma cell differentiation and protective immunity against H. polygyrus in mice. We show that B cells require direct IL-21R signals to differentiate into CD138 + plasma cells. In contrast, IL-21R signaling is dispensable for germinal center formation, isotype class switching, and Th2 and T follicular helper cell differentiation. Our studies demonstrate a selective role for IL-21 in plasma cell differentiation in the context of protective antiparasitic type 2 immunity. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 6138–6145. recently immunity and Tfh and B cell differentiation following infection of mice with H. polygyrus . Our studies demonstrate that IL-21R signaling is critical for plasma cell differentiation, generation of pathogen-speciﬁc IgG1, and for mediating protective immunity against H. polygyrus upon reinfection. Unexpectedly, we found that IL-21 signaling was dispensable for Th2 and Tfh differentiation, GC formation, and isotype class switching. Our results demonstrate a nonredundant selective role for IL-21 in type 2 humoral immunity and protection against helminth infection.
Identification and Biosynthesis of a Novel Xanthomonadin-Dialkylresorcinol-Hybrid from Azoarcus sp. BH72

A novel xanthomonadin-dialkylresorcinol hybrid named arcuflavin was identified in Azoarcus sp. BH72 by a combination of feeding experiments, HPLC-MS and MALDI-MS and gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of this non-isoprenoid aryl-polyene containing pigment are reported. A chorismate-utilizing enzyme from the XanB2-type producing 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and an AMP-ligase encoded by these gene clusters were characterized, that might perform the first two steps of the polyene biosynthesis. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the already known or novel biosynthesis gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of polyene containing pigments like arcuflavin, flexirubin and xanthomonadin revealed the presence of similar gene clusters in a wide range of bacterial taxa, suggesting that polyene and polyene-dialkylresorcinol pigments are more widespread than previously realized.
Cluster processes: a natural language for network traffic

We introduce a new approach to the modeling of network traffic, consisting of a semi-experimental methodology combining models with data and a class of point processes (cluster models) to represent the process of packet arrivals in a physically meaningful way. Wavelets are used to examine second-order statistics, and particular attention is paid to the modeling of long-range dependence and to the question of scale invariance at small scales. We analyze in depth the properties of several large traces of packet data and determine unambiguously the influence of network variables such as arrival patterns, durations, and volumes of transport control protocol (TCP) flows and internal flow structure. We show that session-level modeling is not relevant at the packet level. Our findings naturally suggest the use of cluster models. We define a class where TCP flows are directly modeled, and each model parameter has a direct meaning in network terms, allowing the model to be used to predict traffic properties as networks and traffic evolve. The class has the key advantage of being mathematically tractable, in particular, its spectrum is known and can be readily calculated, its wavelet spectrum deduced, interarrival distributions can be obtained, and it can be simulated in a straightforward way. The model reproduces the main second-order features, and results are compared against a simple black box point process alternative. Discrepancies with the model are discussed and explained, and enhancements are outlined. The elephant and mice view of traffic flows is revisited in the light of our findings.
Health and Nutritional Status of Wild Australian Psittacine Birds: An Evaluation of Plasma and Hepatic Mineral Levels, Plasma Biochemical Values, and Fecal Microflora

Abstract To evaluate the health and nutritional status of 3 wild Australian psittacine species, plasma and hepatic mineral concentrations and plasma biochemical values were measured in wild-caught galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla), long-billed corellas (Cacatua tenuirostris), and sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). No correlations were found between hepatic and plasma mineral levels. Mean plasma calcium (1.79 mmol/L [7.16 mg/dL]) and sodium (103 mmol/L [103 mEq/L]) concentrations were lower, whereas mean total phosphorus (6.53 mmol/L [20.22 mg/dL]) and potassium (8.87 mmol/L [8.87 mEq/L]) concentrations were higher than values for captive counterparts. Plasma iron levels were higher than those reported for captive counterparts, with evidence of interspecific (sulphur-crested cockatoos, 109 µmol/L [609 µg/dL]; corellas, 57 µmol/L [318 µg/dL]; galahs, 90 µmol/L [503 µg/dL]) and temporal variation (galahs: May, 107 µmol/L [598 µg/dL]; July, 59 µmol/L [330 µg/dL]). Hepatic iron concentrations were as high as 1030 mg/kg. Interspecific variation was minimal in mean plasma selenium (11.8 µmol/L [929 µg/L]) and zinc (31.2 µmol/L [204 µg/dL]) concentrations. Plasma biochemical values varied significantly from reported reference ranges. Ranges for total protein, albumin, and bile acid concentrations were lower, whereas uric acid, glutamate dehydrogenase, amylase, and cholesterol concentrations were higher than those previously reported for these species, and interspecific variation was evident. Variation in measures of mineral status or plasma biochemical values between males and females were negligible. An evaluation of fecal microflora showed a distinct absence of gram-negative bacteria or budding yeast. Results of this study show that analyte values used to determine health and nutritional status of wild birds differ from those published for captive counterparts. Although analyte values appear to vary minimally by sex, distinct taxonomic and some temporal differences exist in values from wild birds of these 3 species.
Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbance Characterization in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the CoreValve Prosthesis

Background— Atrioventricular (AV) block is one of the most frequent complications of CoreValve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of CoreValve implantation on AV conduction. Methods and Results— Electrophysiological study was performed immediately before and after CoreValve implantation in 18 consecutive, permanent pacemaker-free patients. An electrode was placed on the His bundle during valve implantation, and data were continuously recorded during the procedure. With surface ECG, a median (first, third quartile) QRS width of 96 (84, 116) to 150 (121, 164) ms (P=0.001) and PR interval of 180 (159, 216) to 210 (190, 240) ms (P=0.008) were significantly prolonged, and QRS axis was left deviated 30° (−32°, 46°) to −20° (−60°, 2°) (P=0.005). With intracardiac electrograms, the AH (97 [70, 123] to 115 [96, 135] ms, P=0.021) and HV (52 [42, 55] to 60 [50, 70] ms, P=0.002) intervals were increased. At the end of the procedure, we observed significant ECG- or electrophysiological study-persistent conduction disturbances in 14 (78%) patients. Five patients experienced transient changes (2 AV blocks and 3 left bundle branch blocks). Conclusions— CoreValve implantation worsens AV conduction in most patients, either transiently or permanently. This worsening is the result of direct damage either on the His bundle or on the AV node.
Ieee Transactions on Information Theory on Asymptotic Incoherence and Its Implications for Compressed Sensing of Inverse Problems

Recently, it has been shown that incoherence is an unrealistic assumption for compressed sensing when applied to many inverse problems. Instead, the key property that permits efficient recovery in such problems is so-called local incoherence. Similarly, the standard notion of sparsity is also inadequate for many real world problems. In particular, in many applications, the optimal sampling strategy depends on asymptotic incoherence and the signal sparsity structure. The purpose of this paper is to study asymptotic incoherence and its implications towards the design of optimal sampling strategies and efficient sparsity bases. It is determined how fast asymptotic incoherence can decay in general for isometries. Furthermore it is shown that Fourier sampling and wavelet sparsity, whilst globally coherent, yield optimal asymptotic incoherence as a power law up to a constant factor. Sharp bounds on the asymptotic incoherence for Fourier sampling with polynomial bases are also provided. A numerical experiment is also presented to demonstrate the role of asymptotic incoherence in finding good subsampling strategies.
Cholinergic Neuromodulation Changes Phase Response Curve Shape and Type in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

Spike generation in cortical neurons depends on the interplay between diverse intrinsic conductances. The phase response curve (PRC) is a measure of the spike time shift caused by perturbations of the membrane potential as a function of the phase of the spike cycle of a neuron. Near the rheobase, purely positive (type I) phase-response curves are associated with an onset of repetitive firing through a saddle-node bifurcation, whereas biphasic (type II) phase-response curves point towards a transition based on a Hopf-Andronov bifurcation. In recordings from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in cortical slices, cholinergic action, consistent with down-regulation of slow voltage-dependent potassium currents such as the M-current, switched the PRC from type II to type I. This is the first report showing that cholinergic neuromodulation may cause a qualitative switch in the PRCs type implying a change in the fundamental dynamical mechanism of spike generation.