Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Document Format for Expressing Authorization Policies to tackle Spam and Unwanted Communication for Internet Telephony

SPAM, defined as sending unsolicited messages to someone in bulk, might be a problem on SIP open-wide deployed networks. The responsibility for filtering or blocking calls can belong to different elements in the call flow and may depend on various factors. This document defines an authorization based policy language that allows end users to upload anti-SPIT policies to intermediaries, such as SIP proxies. These policies mitigate unwanted SIP communications. It extends the Common Policy authorization framework with additional conditions and actions. The new conditions match a particular Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) communication pattern based on a number of attributes. The range of attributes includes information provided, for example, by SIP itself, by the SIP identity mechanism, by information carried within SAML assertions.
A systematic approach towards user-centric privacy and security for smart camera networks

The majority of research in the field of camera networks is targeted at distributed and cooperative processing, advanced computer vision algorithms or the development of embedded, ubiquitous camera systems. Privacy and security are topics that are often overlooked or considered as an afterthought. With the digitalization of visual surveillance, data can easily be stored and accessed. This raises the question how confidential data can be protected, authenticity and integrity can be ensured and access can be restricted. This work discusses security and privacy issues relevant in the context of visual surveillance and camera networks. We try to capture the state of the art on these aspects in the available literature and highlight areas that require special consideration. We present a concept of a privacy-preserving camera system based on Trusted Computing. In our system-level approach, we consider privacy and security as primary goals without limiting the overall usefulness of a camera system.
Phenomenological based semiphysical model of a spray drying chamber for natural dyes

This paper develops a Phenomenological Based Semiphysical Model (PBSM) of lumped parameters describing temperature and humidity dynamics in a spray drying chamber for natural products. We determined model parameters using both literature and own experimental data. The proposed model allows evaluating the controllability of the drying chamber, fundamental aspect when its apply Simultaneous Design of Process and Control System. This work is part of a research project in the development of solid formulations of natural dyes1. The aim is to move toward industrial-scale deployment of spray drying whole plant with the development of PBSM.
Localization of Heart Vectors Produced by Epicardial Burns and Ectopic Stimuli: VALIDATION OF A DIPOLE RANGING METHOD

Location of the equivalent cardiac dipole has been estimated but not fully verified in several laboratories. To test the accuracy of such a procedure, injury vectors were produced in 14 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts by epicardial searing. Strongly dipolar excitation fronts were produced in 6 additional hearts by left ventricular pacing. Twenty computer-processed signals, derived from surface electrodes on a spherical electrolyte-filled tank containing the test preparation, were optimally fitted with a locatable cardiac dipole that accounted for over 99% of the root-mean-square surface potential. For the 14 burns (mean radius 5.0 mm), the S-T injury dipole was located 3.4 ± 0.7 (SD) mm from the burn center. For the 6 paced hearts, the dipole early in the ectopic beat was located 3.7 mm (range 2.6 to 4.6 mm) from the stimulating electrode. Phase inhomogeneities within the chamber appeared to have a small but predictable effect on dipole site determination. The study demonstrates that equivalent dipole location can be determined with acceptable accuracy from potential measurements of the external cardiac field.
Who Wrote This? Textual Modeling with Authorship Attribution in Big Data

By representing large corpora with concise and meaningful elements, topic-based generative models aim to reduce the dimension and understand the content of documents. Those techniques originally analyze on words in the documents, but their extensions currently accommodate meta-data such as authorship information, which has been proved useful for textual modeling. The importance of learning authorship is to extract author interests and assign authors to anonymous texts. Author-Topic (AT) model, an unsupervised learning technique, successfully exploits authorship information to model both documents and author interests using topic representations. However, the AT model simplifies that each author has equal contribution on multiple-author documents. To overcome this limitation, we assumes that authors give different degrees of contributions on a document by using a Dirichlet distribution. This automatically transforms the unsupervised AT model to Supervised Author-Topic (SAT) model, which brings a novelty of authorship prediction on anonymous texts. The SAT model outperforms the AT model for identifying authors of documents written by either single authors or multiple authors with a better Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and a significantly higher Area Under Curve (AUC). The SAT model not only achieves competitive performance to state-of-the-art techniques e.g. Random forests but also maintains the characteristics of the unsupervised models for information discovery i.e. Word distributions of topics, author interests, and author contributions.
Distribution and phylogeny of Wolbachia inducing thelytoky in Rhoditini and ‘Aylacini’ (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria responsible for thelytoky in several parasitoid hymenopteran genera. After finding these micro‐organisms in some populations of Diplolepis spinosissimae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) where they are responsible for thelytoky through gamete duplication, we searched for Wolbachia spp. using specific PCR primers in nineteen other species of the Rhoditini tribe (rose gallwasps) and eight species of the ‘Aylacini’ tribe (gallwasps associated with herbaceous plants). Wolbachia were found in twelve Rhoditini species and four ‘Aylacini’ species. The most infected species have very few males (spanandry) and the thelytoky of infected species/arrhenotoky of uninfected species is confirmed by previous research based on the sex of the offspring of virgin females. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial Wolbachia ftsZ gene sequences indicate that some strains associated with closely related gallwasps are phylogenetically distant, suggesting that cynipids have been affected by several infection events. In contrast, the five infected European species of Diplolepis harbour the same strain of Wolbachia.
Queen mating frequency in different types of honey bee mating apiaries

SUMMARYSamples of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica) were taken from 29 queenright honey bee colonies. The queens of these colonies were mated at two island mating apiaries (n = 7 and n = 6), two lowland apiaries (n = 6 and n = 4), a highland mating apiary (n = 3) and on one isolated high-mountain apiary (n = 3). Genotypes of individual workers (n = 1055) were determined using four DNA microsatellite loci and the observed (no) and effective (me) numbers of matings were estimated from the worker offspring. The observed number of matings per queen ranged from 6 to 24 (me = 4.6 to 31.1). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the number of matings of queens at island and mainland mating apiaries. An average of no = 13.0 ± 1.1 (me = 11.8 ± 1.2) matings for queens at the two islands and an average of no = 18.1 ± 1.1 (me = 20.4 ± 1.7) for queens at the mainland apiaries were observed. No differences in mating frequency were observed between the queens at the island locations and among the.
The Power of Positional Concerns

People care a great deal about their relative economic position and not solely about their absolute economic position. However, behavioral evidence is rare. This paper provides evidence on how the relative income position affects professional sports performances. Our analysis suggests that if a player? s salary is below the average and this difference increases, his performance worsens. Moreover, the larger the income differences, the stronger positional concern effects are observable. We also find that the more the players are integrated, the more evident a relative income effect is. Finally, we find that positional effects are stronger among high performing teams.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Changes in Abdominal Compartments in Obese Diabetics during a Low-Calorie Weight-Loss Program

Objectives To investigate changes in the fat content of abdominal compartments and muscle area during weight loss using confounder-adjusted chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in overweight diabetics. Methods Twenty-nine obese diabetics (10/19 men/women, median age: 59.0 years, median body mass index (BMI): 34.0 kg/m2) prospectively joined a standardized 15-week weight-loss program (six weeks of formula diet exclusively, followed by reintroduction of regular food with gradually increasing energy content over nine weeks) over 15 weeks. All subjects underwent a standardized MRI protocol including a confounder-adjusted chemical-shift-encoded MR sequence with water/fat separation before the program as well at the end of the six weeks of formula diet and at the end of the program at 15 weeks. Fat fractions of abdominal organs and vertebral bone marrow as well as volumes of visceral and subcutaneous fat were determined. Furthermore, muscle area was evaluated using the L4/L5 method. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Results Median BMI decreased significantly from 34.0 kg/m2 to 29.9 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) at 15 weeks. Liver fat content was normalized (14.2% to 4.1%, p < 0.001) and vertebral bone marrow fat (57.5% to 53.6%, p = 0.018) decreased significantly throughout the program, while fat content of pancreas (9.0%), spleen (0.0%), and psoas muscle (0.0%) did not (p > 0.15). Visceral fat volume (3.2 L to 1.6 L, p < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat diameter (3.0 cm to 2.2 cm, p < 0.001) also decreased significantly. Muscle area declined by 6.8% from 243.9 cm2 to 226.8 cm2. Conclusion MRI allows noninvasive monitoring of changes in abdominal compartments during weight loss. In overweight diabetics, weight loss leads to fat reduction in abdominal compartments, such as visceral fat, as well as liver fat and vertebral bone marrow fat while pancreas fat remains unchanged.
Short-Run Strategies for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment

This paper empirically investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of two FDI policies, fiscal incentives and deregulation, aimed at improving the attractiveness of a country in the short run. Using disaggregated data on sales by US MNEs’ foreign affiliates in 43 developed and developing countries over the 1982–94 period, results show that the provision of fiscal incentives or the deregulation of the labour market would exert a positive impact on total FDI. Given the drawbacks frequently associated with the use of incentive packages, economy-wide policies which ease firing procedures and reduce severance payments would certainly be the best policy option. This paper also highlights the different aggregation and omitted variable biases that have affected results of previous studies and provides some support to recent theoretical models of FDI by showing that third-country effects and spatial interdependence influence respectively the location of export-platform FDI and vertical FDI.
An embedded-processes model of working memory

FIVE CENTRAL FEATURES OF THE APPROACH The embedded-processes model of working memory relies upon the following five principles, which emphasize links between memory and attention. (1) Working memory information comes from hierarchically arranged faculties comprising: (a) long-term memory, (b) the subset of longterm memory that is currently activated, and (c) the subset of activated memory that is in the focus of attention and awareness. (2) Different processing limits apply to different faculties. The focus of attention is basically capacity limited, whereas activation is time limited. The various limits are especially important under nonoptimal conditions, such as interference between items with similar features. (3) The focus of attention is controlled conjointly by voluntary processes (a central executive system) and involuntary processes (the attentional orienting system). (4) Stimuli with physical features that have remained relatively unchanged over time and are of no key importance to the individual still activate some features in memory, but they do not elicit awareness (i.e., there is habituation of orienting). (5) Awareness influences processing. In perception it increases the number of features encoded, and in memory it allows new episodic representations to be available for explicit recall. Two prior integrative reviews of information processing, an article (Cowan, 1988) and a book (Cowan, 1995), describe a view that will serve as my basis for discussing working memory.
Phenotypic Shifts in Life History Traits Influence Invasion Success of Goldfish in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet

Goldfish Carassius auratus have been established in myriad ecosystems outside of their native ranges, and part of their successful establishment in new ecosystems might be attributed to the shift in life history traits. To explore the role of phenotypic shifts in Goldfish invasions, we quantified and compared spawning times and growth rates in the early life history of nonnative Goldfish from Chabalang and Chongdui wetlands in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin. Spawning of nonnative Goldfish began on March 20 and April 14 for the Chabalang and the Chongdui populations, respectively, and both were considerably earlier than native populations despite the cold environments in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin. Growth rates for the Chabalang population were significantly higher than those for the Chongdui population during the first 14 d posthatch; however, growth rates for the Chongdui population became higher after the 37th day. Within the Chabalang population, Goldfish hatching later had faster growth rates than individuals hatching earlier. Consequently, it seems that shifts in the timing of spawning and growth rates play an important role in the invasion success of Goldfish in extremely cold climates.
A Pragmatic Study Shows Failure of Dental Composite Fillings Is Genetically Determined: A Contribution to the Discussion on Dental Amalgams

Composite resins for posterior tooth restorations have become a viable alternative to dental amalgam. Failures sometimes cannot be easily explained, and we hypothesize that a genetic component may influence longevity of restorations. We aimed to determine if there is any evidence for a difference in the performance of amalgams versus composite resin in extensive posterior restorations. We also aimed to determine if risk factors such as age, sex, smoking tobacco, alcohol drinking, diabetes status, and periodontal health status may have a role in the failures of extensive anterior composite restorations. Finally, we investigated if genetic variation in matrix metalloproteinases that are present in the mineralized dentin is associated with failure of composite resin. The data used to perform this research were obtained from the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project after screening 4,856 patients. All restorations were evaluated at times of 1, 2, and 5 years after the restoration placement. 6,266 amalgam and 2,010 composite restorations were analyzed in a total of 807 patients in a period of approximately 10 years (period corresponding to the database existence). An additional 443 extensive direct composite resin restorations in anterior teeth were also studied. Failure rates of amalgam and composite restorations are similar, and by the end of 5 years, composites outperformed amalgams slightly. Failures of anterior composite restorations occurred more often in males who smoked tobacco (p = 0.05), despite a similar number of females and males that smoked tobacco in the sample (116 individuals smoked tobacco, 54 females and 62 males). Alcohol drinking increased failure rate within 2 years (p = 0.03). We found a statistically significant association between matrix metalloproteinase 2 rs9923304 and failure of composite restorations (p = 0.007). Composite resins can replace amalgam restorations. Smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol will increase the chance of restoration failure.
Memory B cell development but not germinal center formation is impaired by in vivo blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand interaction

To study the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand interaction in the development of memory B cells and its level of action during primary antibody responses in vivo, mice were injected with a soluble CD40 fusion protein (sCD40-gamma 1), so as to block the interaction. The effects of the treatment on the primary antibody response were reminiscent of hyper-immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome (HIMG1): antigen- specific IgG responses were grossly inhibited whereas the IgM response was augmented severalfold. The latter observation suggests that there is a T-dependent, CD40 ligand-independent pathway of B cell activation that leads to IgM responses and that a significant component of the IgM in HIMG1 patients is derived from T-dependent responses. The secondary response was not readily blocked by sCD40-gamma 1 treatment, indicating a relative independence of CD40 ligation of antigen-experienced B cells. The most striking finding from these studies is that the development of memory B cell populations (measured by adoptive transfer) is grossly impaired by administration of sCD40-gamma 1 during the early induction phase of the response. It is surprising that although the generation memory is diminished, there is no quantitative difference in the development of germinal centers. Whereas entry of B cells into the memory cell pathway is dependent on CD40 ligation, the clonal expansion of the potential memory precursors in germinal centers seems not to require a CD40 signal.
Prepubertal bipolar disorder: available pharmacological treatment options

Awareness of bipolar spectrum disorders in children is rapidly increasing, with a more precise definition of their clinical subtypes and early signs. Paediatric bipolar disorder can lead to an important impairment in scholastic, familial and social functioning, and to a higher risk for substance abuse and suicide. In the context of a multimodal approach, the core treatment of early-onset bipolar disorder is pharmacological. This review focuses on the empirical evidence for pharmacotherapy in paediatric bipolar disorder. Mood stabilisers, including lithium, and older and newer anticonvulsivants will be considered, in mono- or polypharmacy. Atypical antipsychotics will be considered in more severe and/or treatment-resistant manic or mixed episodes. Finally, the prophylaxis of intercritical phases and the management of specific challenging conditions, such as bipolar depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with bipolar comorbidity, will be reviewed.
Boys and writing: Attentiveness levels and the impact of single gender classes and teaching methods

The study is concerned with boys' literacy learning. It seeks to gauge whether the change to a single-gender class brings about any improvement in the boys' attentiveness levels during writing lessons and also to ascertain whether attentiveness is influenced by other factors associated with the learning tasks, and with the teacher's pedagogical and management practices. This study involves the scrutiny of writing lessons in three classes in Western Australian metropolitan primary school a Year 5 co-educational class, a Year 6 allboy's class ( comprising boys from the Year 5 class) in the hands of one teacher and the same class in the hands of another. Attention levels are measured at various times during writing lessons in the three classes and the approaches taken by the three teachers in the delivery of writing lessons are closely monitored. The performance of a particular boy in these classes is also studied in the hope that a useful comparison might be made between his results and those of the classes
A Study of the unified Scaling Law of Earthquakes in the taiwan region

The unified scaling law (also called the BCDS model), merges: (1) Omori’s Law, (2) Gutenberg-Richter’s law, and (3) the geometrical fractal distribution of epicenters, all of which, in combination, investigate the occurrence of earthquakes from a spatial-temporal perspective. This study plans to verify important questions arising from the definition of the BCDS model by doing three experiments. Firstly, we examine the feasibility of applying this model to Taiwan using different cell sizes and cut-off magnitudes. Secondly, we ascertain the difference between aftershocks and main shocks in a unified scaling law by comparing earthquake time sequences with declustered ones. Thirdly, we investigate the differences among scaling relationships obtained from various geological settings in Taiwan. Our results show that no matter how cell size and cut-off magnitude change, they produce a very similar pattern symbolizing the scaling law. Using a Z-map, after declustering, the constant part, which is an apparent indicator of the characteristics of aftershocks, disappears, and the slope of the fast decaying part, which corresponds to the main shock, remains almost the same. In addition, scaling laws obtained from four different sub-regions in Taiwan, although slightly different to each other, all show to be of a similar scaling law.
Low admission serum albumin as prognostic determinant of 30-day case fatality and adverse functional outcome following acute ischemic stroke

Introduction Over 80% of stroke deaths occur in low-income and middle-income regions of the world. Identification of predictors of mortality is vital so that prompt therapeutic measures could be instituted to improve outcome. Previous studies have identified factors such as stroke severity, stroke type, older age, impairment of consciousness and hyperglycaemia as predictors of mortality for acute stroke but mortality remain high among patients hospitalized for acute stroke. The study objective was to determine the association between admission serum albumin levels and short-term outcome following acute ischaemic stroke in Nigerians. Methods Consecutive first-ever acute ischaemic stroke patients were prospectively enrolled between February 2009 and May 2010. Stroke severity at presentation was determined using National Institute of Heath Stroke Score (NIHSS). Admission serum chemistry including albumin, were measured. Patients were then followed up for 30 days and outcome measures applied at the end of the study were 30-day mortality and functional outcome using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and graded as favourable(MRS 0-3) or unfavourable(MRS 4-6). Relationship between serum albumin and stroke outcome was determined. Results 75 acute stroke cases were studied. Mean age was 57.68 ± 12.4 years. Outcome was favourable in 48% while 30-day case fatality was 17.3%. The mean age (61.13 years) of those with poor outcome was significantly higher than those with favourable outcome. Mean serum albumin (3.03g/dL) of those with favourable outcome was also significantly higher than (2.08g/dL) of those with unfavourable outcome (p=0.0001). Patients that died had significantly lower serum albumin (1.66g/dl) than survivors (p=0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics curve for optimal cut off point of serum albumin to predict survival or death within 30 days revealed area under the cure (AUC) of 0.870, p-value 0.0001, 95% C/I=0.759-0.982. Serum albumin of 1.55g /dL has sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 61.5%. NIHSS and serum albumin were predictors of poor outcome using multiple regression. Conclusion Low admission serum albumin was an independent determinant of poor outcome.