Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or more severe lesions is a function of human papillomavirus genotypes and severity of cytological and histological abnormalities in adult Japanese women

We examined incidence probabilities of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) or more severe lesions (CIN3+) in 1,467 adult Japanese women with abnormal cytology in relation to seven common human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (16/18/31/33/35/52/58) between April 2000 and March 2008. Sixty‐seven patients with multiple HPV infection were excluded from the risk factor analysis. Incidence of CIN3+ in 1,400 patients including 68 with ASCUS, 969 with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 132 with HSIL without histology‐proven CIN2 (HSIL/CIN2(−)) and 231 with HSIL with histology‐proven CIN2 (HSIL/CIN2(+)) was investigated. In both high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/CIN2(−) and HSIL/CIN2(+), HPV16/18/33 was associated with a significantly earlier and higher incidence of CIN3+ than HPV31/35/52/58 (p = 0.049 and p = 0.0060, respectively). This association was also observed in LSIL (p = 0.0002). The 1‐year cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of CIN3+ in HSIL/CIN2(−) and HSIL/CIN2(+) according to HPV genotypes (16/18/33 vs. 31/35/52/58) were 27.1% vs. 7.5% and 46.6% vs. 19.2%, respectively. In contrast, progression of HSIL/CIN2(+) to CIN3+ was infrequent when HPV DNA was undetected: 0% of 1‐year CIR and 8.1% of 5‐year CIR. All cervical cancer occurred in HSIL cases of seven high‐risk HPVs (11/198) but not in cases of other HPV or undetectable/negative‐HPV (0/165) (p = 0.0013). In conclusion, incidence of CIN3+ depends on HPV genotypes, severity of cytological abnormalities and histology of CIN2. HSIL/CIN2(+) associated with HPV16/18/33 may justify early therapeutic intervention, while HSIL/CIN2(−) harboring these HPV genotypes needs close observation to detect incidence of CIN3+. A therapeutic intervention is not indicated for CIN2 without HPV DNA.
Understanding the framings of climate change adaptation across multiple scales of governance in Europe

Climate change adaptation strategies are emerging across Europe as societies attempt to adapt to the challenges of a changing environment. Social constructivist analyses of environmental policy – especially those emphasising ‘framing’ – can be very useful in teasing out the framings of policy problems such as adaptation. They can also shed light on the underlying assumptions that steer and guide public and environmental policy. Using the theoretical concept of framing to analyse adaptation policies across different scales of governance in four European countries – Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom and Italy – and drawing on policy documents from those countries, as well as semi-structured interviews with practitioners, the development of adaptation policy processes and especially how adaptation has been defined within these processes are examined. Four major framings of adaptation are identified: ‘planning’, ‘economic risk’, ‘vulnerability’ and ‘existing measures’. These frames affect how adaptation is conceptualised, policy problems defined and, ultimately how policy develops.
Youth Poverty, Employment, and Leaving the Parental Home in Europe

type="main"> This paper studies the nature of youth poverty dynamics in Europe. First, it analyzes to what extent experiencing poverty in a given period is in itself positively related to the probability of living below the poverty line again in the future. That is, we assess the degree of poverty genuine state dependence among young people. Second, we study the interrelationships between poverty, employment, and residential emancipation. The results show that youth poverty genuine state dependence is positive and highly significant, but this scarring effect is short-lived in Scandinavia compared to Southern or Continental Europe. Moreover, although we find a strong association between poverty and leaving home in Nordic countries, time spent in economic hardship does not last long. On the contrary, in Spain and Italy, young adults tend to leave their parental home much later in order to avoid falling into a poverty state that is more persistent.
The internet and change in corporate stakeholder engagement and communication strategies on social and environmental performance

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine the use of the web as a means of stakeholder engagement and as part of a strategy for communicating to stakeholders particularly on social and environmental performance.Design/methodology/approach – A postal questionnaire was sent to over one hundred companies in Australia, Germany and in the UK and interviews were conducted with six companies (two British, one German and three Australian) identified as adopting best practice.Findings – A key finding was the limited understanding of the advantages of using the web as part of a communication strategy on all aspects of corporate performance. The study also found that the lack of resources made available for web‐based communication limited its potential.Research limitations/implications – Web technologies provide the possibility of communicating on performance with a broad group of stakeholders. This is particularly relevant to reporting on social and environmental performance which is of interest to a broader.
Framing climate change solutions: get the numbers right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use goal setting theory to examine the efficacy of two current messages advocating carbon cuts to address climate change. There is anecdotal evidence that the common message, “We must cut carbon 80 percent by 2050” does not inspire people to take personal action or endorse policy change. Other groups offer an alternative and potentially more motivating message: cutting carbon 2 percent per year until the year 2050.Design/methodology/approach – A survey study with 300 adults attending a regional expo and two urban street festivals compared the two messages by embedding them within two versions of a text that differed only in the phrasing of the goal (“80 percent by the year 2050” vs “2 percent per year until the year 2050”). Findings – Participants reading about “carbon emissions cuts of 2 percent per year until the year 2050” are significantly more likely to agree with the statement “I feel like I can be a part of the solution” than participants reading “carbon emi.
Characteristics of Relatively High-Performance Auditors

SUMMARY: In this study, we use directly reported CPA firm performance evaluations and hypothesize that higher-performing auditors will perceive that technical knowledge and ability, client interaction skills, and professional attitudes/behaviors are more relevant (H1), will be more inclined to extend standard audit procedures (H2), and will have a more proactive, involved internal locus of control (H3). Fifty-six auditors participated, including the ranks of staff auditor, senior, and manager. Consistent with our hypothesis, higher-performing auditors emphasized the importance of the three dimensions of the work of an auditor; lower-performing auditors did not. Higher-performing auditors were more inclined to extend standardized audit procedures. Finally, auditors who are more proactive regarding the performance of audit judgment tasks and decisions, i.e., they have more of an internal versus external locus of control, were associated with higher levels of job performance.
Corporate governance ratings and the dividend payout decisions of Australian corporate firms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of corporate governance on the dividend payout decisions of Australian firms by considering two related objectives. First, it considers the role of corporate governance ratings (CGRs) on the decision to pay or not to pay dividends. Second, it considers the influence of CGRs on the average dividend payout level of Australian firms. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consists of 413 non-financial firms included in the All Ordinaries Index for the period 2004-2009. A logit model is employed to analyse the decision to pay or omit dividends. Similarly, tobit method is employed to analyse the factors influencing the dividend payout level of Australian firms. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, this study employs random effects panel logit and panel tobit models. Findings – This study finds that CGRs have a significant positive influence on the decision to pay dividends and on the average dividend payout level of Australian firms. Similar.
Purchase of Catastrophe Insurance by Dutch Dairy and Arable Farmers

This article analyzed the impact of risk perception, risk attitude, and other farmer personal and farm characteristics on the actual purchase of catastrophe insurance by Dutch dairy and arable farmers. The specific catastrophe insurance types considered were hail-fire-storm insurance for buildings, disability insurance, crop insurance against hail, storm, and brown rot, and insurance against epidemic animal disease outbreaks. The results suggested that risk perception was a significant variable that influenced purchase of catastrophe insurance by dairy and arable farmers, whereas risk attitude was significant only in arable farming.
The planning environment and the meaning of “planning”

Faludi A. (1970) The planning environment and the meaning of “planning”, Reg. Studies 4, 1–9. A common element of all distinctive planning activities of public bodies is postulated. Systematic relationships of the character of these activities and objective features of the society in which they are undertaken are assumed. These features (e.g. level and pace of development; norms and values; political system and administrative structure; institutional structure; cleavages in society; etc.) form the planning environment. The assumed relationship is demonstrated with the example of the very meaning of “planning” itself, which is shown to differ in the United States and Great Britain in accordance with variations of the respective planning environments along three dimensions introduced as heuristic devices (blueprint planning v. process-approach; comprehensive planning v. disjointed incrementalism; normative v. functional planning). Finally it is argued that the British planning environment will approximate t.
Modeling and Evaluating Service Quality Measurement Using Neural Networks

Effective measurement and analysis of service quality are an essential first step in its improvement. This paper discusses the development of neural network models for this purpose. A valid neural network model for service quality is initially developed. Customer data from a SERVQUAL survey at an auto‐dealership network in The Netherlands provide the basis for model development. Different definitions of service quality measurement are modelled using the neural network approach. The perception‐minus‐expectation model of service quality was found not to be as accurate as the perception‐only model in predicting service quality. While this is consistent with the literature, this study also shows that the more intuitively appealing but mathematically less convenient expectation‐minus‐perception model out‐performs all the other service quality measurement models. The study also provides an analytical basis for the importance of expectation in the measurement of service quality. However, the study demonstrates the need for further study before neural network models may be effectively used for sensitivity analyses involving specific dimensions of service quality.
International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment

As trade follows the flag, so does applied economics follow the newspapers. Urgent issues of public policy have in the past decade or so called forth a great deal of new factual evidence on the international corporation, as the chief conduit for foreign direct investment.2 It has been studied as a channel for the international transfer of technology, as a business organization serving more than one national sovereign master, and as a force influencing the international financial flows recorded in a country's balance of payments. Yet relatively little emphasis has fallen on what might seem the two principal economic features of direct investment by the international corporation: (1) it ordinarily effects a net transfer of real capital from one country to another; and (2) it represents entry into a national industry by a firm established in a foreign market. This neglect is unfortunate, because recognition of these features lets one bring to bear on the causes and consequences of direct investment two important bodies of economic analysis-the pure theory of international trade and the conceptual structure and evidence of market behaviour reposing in the field of industrial organization. Briefly, the argument of this paper is that foreign direct investment occurs mainly in industries characterized by certain market structures in both the "lending" (or home) and "borrowing" (or host) countries. In the parlance of industrial organization, oligopoly with product differentiation normally prevails where corporations make "horizontal" investments to.produce abroad the same lines of goods as they produce in the home market. Oligopoly, not necessarily differentiated, in the home market is typical in industries which undertake "vertical" direct investments to produce abroad a raw material or other input to their production process at home. Direct investment tends to involve market conduct that extends the recognition of mutual market dependence-the essence of oligopoly-beyond national boundaries. Likewise it tends broadly to equalize the rate of return on (equity) capital throughout a
The antibacterial activity of some essential oils against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is categorized as a red alert pathogen that is increasingly associated with a high mortality rate in infected patients due to its resistance to extensive antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of some essential oils (Oliveria decumbens, Pelargonium graveolens, Eugenia caryophyllata, Ziziphora tenuir and Trachyspermum copticum oils) against 32 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The antibacterial evaluations and chemical com- position of essential oils was determined. Thymol, eugenol, -terpineol, -citronellol and thymol were the chief portions of T. copticum, E. caryophyllata, Z. tenuir, O. decumbens and P. graveolens oils, respectively. The MIC values of oils against these clinical isolates revealed the three subsets of oils including 1- T. copticum, E. caryophyllata and O. decumbens, 2- Z. tenuir and 3- P. graveolens oils. These oils showed the synergistic activity with amikacin, the lower Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was for P. graveolens oil (0.23) and the higher FICI was for E. caryophyllata (0.325).
An Examination of Ex‐Dividend Day Stock Price Movements: The Case of Nontaxable Master Limited Partnership Distributions

This study examines the unit (stock) price and volume behavior of master limited partnerships around the ex-dividend day. Since the dividends of master limited partnerships are not taxable to the unitholder, tax-based hypotheses predict no abnormal unit movements around the ex-day. Significant positive excess returns and volume are found before the ex-dividend day, and significant negative excess returns are found on the ex-dividend day. The findings, which are not significantly impacted by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, suggest ex-day stock movements are not solely a function of investor marginal tax rates or corporate trading behavior. Copyright 1991 by American Finance Association.
Sudden Unintended Used‐Price Deceleration? The 2009–2010 Toyota Recalls

Using data from the vehicle resale market, I test consumer responsiveness to large‐scale product recalls that are caused by safety problems. The used‐vehicle prices of Toyotas are compared to the used‐vehicle prices of the other major domestic and foreign manufacturers. The results quantify the losses suffered by Toyota vehicle owners in secondary markets due to the 2009–2010 safety recalls of more than 9 million Toyota Motors vehicles. The treatment effect of a recall is measured using panel data with a difference‐in‐differences estimation approach that allows for time‐varying treatment effects and serial correlation. I find that this recall episode had negative effects in the resale market for automobiles that were quantitatively small (less than 2% of the vehicle’s resale value), statistically indistinguishable from zero, and short lived (did not persist beyond December 2009). A comparison with Audi’s recalls in the 1980s of vehicles with sudden unintended acceleration suggests that the extent to which a company’s reputation is established is more important than whether or not a company has a reputation for producing high‐quality products.
MEASLES ANTIBODIES DETECTED WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SERA OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROIS

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers to measles, rubella, mumps, and La Crosse virus in 137 patients with multiple sclerosis and 137 controls matched by date of birth and place of residence were measured and are reported according to age. The measles HI titers were significantly higher in serum specimens of patients with multiple sclerosis (geometric mean 1/82) than in the controls (geometric mean 1/43). In addition, the measles HI titers decreased significantly in the older age groups of the controls, whereas a similar decrease was not observed in the MS patients. No significant differences in the HI titers of rubella, mumps, and La Crosse virus were found between the MS group and the control group. Measles antibodies were further analyzed in a representative smaller series of sera from 49 MS patients and 49 controls by inhibition of salt‐dependent hemagglutinin, gel precipitation, and platelet aggregation. With each of the techniques used, higher levels of measles antibody titers or stronger reactions were observed in the MS group. However, when measles antibodies detected with various techniques were compared in individual serum specimens of MS patients, no clear correlation between the high titers or strong reactions was discernible. The nature of the antibody response to measles virus in MS patients and the light thrown by the results obtained on the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is discussed.
Atrial fibrillation and the risk of myocardial infarction.

IMPORTANCE Myocardial infarction (MI) is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the extent to which AF is a risk factor for MI has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of incident MI associated with AF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort of 23,928 participants residing in the continental United States and without coronary heart disease at baseline were enrolled from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort between 2003 and 2007, with follow-up through December 2009. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Expert-adjudicated total MI events (fatal and nonfatal). RESULTS Over 6.9 years of follow-up (median 4.5 years), 648 incident MI events occurred. In a sociodemographic-adjusted model, AF was associated with about 2-fold increased risk of MI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.96 [95% CI, 1.52-2.52]). This association remained significant (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.26-2.30]) after further adjustment for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, blood pressure-lowering drugs, body mass index, diabetes, warfarin use, aspirin use, statin use, history of stroke and vascular disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin to creatinine ratio, and C-reactive protein level. In subgroup analysis, the risk of MI associated with AF was significantly higher in women (HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.41-3.31]) than in men (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.91-2.10]) and in blacks (HR, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.67-3.86]) than in whites (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.83-1.93]); for interactions, P = . 03 and P = . 02, respectively. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the risk of MI associated with AF in older (≥75 years) vs younger (<75 years) participants (HR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.16-3.35] and HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.11-2.30], respectively); for interaction, P = . 44. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE AF is independently associated with an increased risk of incident MI, especially in women and blacks. These findings add to the growing concerns of the seriousness of AF as a public health burden: in addition to being a well-known risk factor for stroke, AF is also associated with increased risk of MI.
Pengaruh Volatilitas Arus Kas, Besaran Akrual Volatilitas Penjualan Terhadap Persistensi Laba (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Indeks LQ45 Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2012)

This research is aimed to examine and find out empirical evidence of the influence of cash flow volatility, magnitude of accrual, and sales volatility on earnings persistence. Sampled used in this research are LQ45 index companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during period 2009-2012. Total sample are 55 companies. The data are collected using purposive sampling method. The analysis of this research employs multiple regression. Results show that cash flow volatility have positive significant effect on earnings persistence, magnitude of accrual and sales volatility have negative significant effect on earnings persistence. Keyword : Cash flow volatility, magnitude of accrual, sales volatility, earnings persistence.
Low-molecular weight proteins as markers for glomerular filtration rate.

Inulin clearance (CIn) is the usual gold standard for evaluating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but technical difficulties and patient inconvenience prevent its widespread use (1). The most commonly used marker for GFR is serum creatinine, but muscle wasting and tubular secretion may lead to overestimation of GFR (2)(3). Serum concentrations of the low-molecular weight proteins cystatin C (CysC) (4), β2-microglobulin (B2M) (5)(6), and β-trace protein (BTP) (7) maybe useful alternatives for detecting reduced GFR, but no study to date has compared all of these proteins directly to CIn. We studied 62 patients (20 females, 42 males). All had their GFR determined by steady-state CIn as described previously and adjusted to a standard body surface of 1.73 m2. We had reported on CysC and creatinine in 44 patients with various degrees of liver cirrhosis (1). We include here 41 of these patients for whom samples were available and 3 new patients with liver diseases; 31 had alcoholic etiologies; 10 had viral hepatitis, and 3 had other etiologies. The remaining 18 patients had renal diseases: 5 with chronic renal failure, 2 with acute renal failure, and 11 others. After an overnight fast, GFR was tested with participants in a supine position. Serum creatinine was determined by a Jaffe method (1). Serum CysC, B2M, and BTP were analyzed by fully automated, …