Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
It's only make believe: the implications of fictional and authentic locations in films

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the extent to which film locations affect the decision making of tourists and overall attractiveness of film locations as tourist destinations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the relative appeal of fictional and authentic film locations with reference to the literature and film case study examples.Findings – Arguably, the attractiveness of an actual location shown in a film is greater than a location portrayed by a film, and when tourists do visit film locations in considerable numbers, the impacts are not always beneficial.Practical implications – The paper uses examples to explore the scope and related impacts of film‐induced tourism.Originality/value – The paper draws on a wide range of examples to highlight the implications of fictional and authentic locations in films.
Effects of enhanced physical education on lung volumes of primary school children.

OBJECTIVE To test the impact of an enhanced physical education programme upon the growth and development of static and dynamic lung volumes of primary schoolchildren. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Quasi-experimental three factor design (treatment x gender x urban vs rural environment) with students evaluated over each of 6 years of primary school. SETTING Entire classes from State schools in urban and rural environment. PARTICIPANTS All willing students aged 7-12 years in selected classes; initially 546 students, with 4% drop-out rate per year. INTERVENTION Five hours of additional physical education per week, taught by specialist. MEASURES Body dimension (height, body mass), aerobic power (treadmill to exhaustion), forced vital capacity (FVC), one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0). RESULTS Small but statistically significant influences of treatment, gender (M > F) and environment (rural > urban) which could not be explained by body size. Both FVC and FEV1.0 conform closely to cubic functions of height in metres: Boys FVC = 0.93 (H)3, FEV1.0 = 0.79 (H)3. Girls FVC +/- 0.85 (H)3, FEV1.0 = 0.76 (H)3. CONCLUSIONS A regular physical education programme can enhance lung volumes in primary school students. Norms should allow for gender differences, and reflect the potential attainment of students receiving adequate physical training and living in an area of low air pollution.
Low-Paid Employment and Unemployment Dynamics in Australia

This article uses longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (or HILDA) Survey to examine the extent to which the relatively high rates of transition from low-paid employment into unemployment are the result of disadvantageous personal characteristics or are instead a function of low-paid work itself. Dynamic random effects probit models of the likelihood of unemployment are estimated. After controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and initial conditions, we find that, relative to high-paid employment, low-paid employment is associated with a higher risk of unemployment, but this effect is only significant among women. We also find only weak evidence that low-paid employment is a conduit for repeat unemployment.
Corporate tax holidays and investments

Governments of developing countries commonly adopt tax holidays to encourage investment. This article evaluates the incentives provided by company income tax holidays and explains the importance of the timing of depreciation allowances in determining the effective tax rates and the cost of capital to firms considering additional investment during the holiday. If an asset is long-lived and depreciation allowances for tax purposes are accelerated, the tax holiday, by preventing depreciation deductions during the periods of peak profits, may actually penalize a company for investing during the holiday. The closer the investment to the end of the holiday period, the more severe the penalty. If, instead, depreciation allowances may be deferred until after the holiday, this program of incentives is quite generous to the firm. How these sharply contrasting results may emerge is illustrated through estimation of effective tax rates and user costs of capital under tax holiday systems in Bangladesh, Cote D'Ivoire, Malaysia, Morocco, and Thailand.
Globalisation and Institutional Change in the State-Led Model: The Case of Corporate Governance in South Korea

This article explores the homogenising pressures of globalisation and institutional change in the state-led model of capitalism, within the purview of the ‘varieties of capitalism’ literature. In light of the observation that the national political economies which are the exemplars of the state-led model have undergone a more fundamental change towards the liberal market model than the other non-liberal variant (namely, the coordinated market model), the article asks what systemic (structural-institutional) factors make the state-led model less resilient in the face of pressures for change. Focusing on corporate governance in South Korea as an illustrative case study, the article argues that the absence of the kind of institutional complementarity (that is, mutually reinforcing link) between the key capitalist sub-systems found in the coordinated market model can help to explain the profound, and even path-shifting, change in the state-led model.
Corporate reputation: the boardroom challenge

Boardroom recognition of the importance of reputation as a key business driver is growing. This article analyses the findings of the Corporate Reputation Watch – a study by Harris Interactive for Hill and Knowlton – which examines the attitudes towards corporate reputation of over 800 CEOs and senior business figures from seven countries across Europe and North America. The survey shows that business leaders see reputation as delivering for the company’s bottom level in terms of driving sales, aiding strategic partnerships as well as assisting the recruitment and retention of talent. In line with this it also reveals that increasing numbers of companies are measuring reputation, monitoring it in the boardroom and even partially remunerating CEOs on their ability to influence it. In addition the study demonstrates a concerning rise in the number of companies completely ignoring the threat to reputation presented by criticism in the new media.
MDM2 SNP309 contributes to non‐small cell lung cancer survival in Chinese

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MDM2 and p53 can affect patient's response to chemotherapy as well as overall survival of many cancers. This study aimed to assess the associations between polymorphisms in MDM2 and p53 and survival of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Chinese. We selected and genotyped both potentially functional SNPs and tagging SNPs in MDM2 and p53 using Illumina Golden Gate platform in a cohort of 568 NSCLC patients. Associations between genotypes and NSCLC median survival time (MST) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were performed with the adjustment for age, stage, smoking, histology, surgical operation, and chemo‐ or radiotherapy status. We found that the MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744) GT/TT genotypes were associated with a significantly worse survival (MST: 23.0 mo for GT/TT vs. 33.0 mo for GG; log‐rank P = 0.028). In the multivariate Cox regression analyses, the MDM2 SNP309GT/TT genotypes were associated with a 1.42‐fold [HR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.84] increased risk of death of NSCLC, compared with SNP309GG genotype. MDM2 SNP309 may be used as one of the candidate biomarkers to predict NSCLC survival. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The longer the better: Sleep–wake patterns during preparation of the World Rowing Junior Championships

ABSTRACT Recovery is essential for high athletic performance, and therefore especially sleep has been identified as a crucial source for physical and psychological well-being. However, due to early-morning trainings, which are general practice in many sports, athletes are likely to experience sleep restrictions. Therefore, this study investigated the sleep–wake patterns of 55 junior national rowers (17.7 ± 0.6 years) via sleep logs and actigraphy during a four-week training camp. Recovery and stress ratings were obtained every morning with the Short Recovery and Stress Scale on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (does not apply at all) to 6 (fully applies). The first training session was scheduled for 6:30 h every day. With two to four training sessions per day, the training load was considerably increased from athletes’ home training. Objective sleep measures (n = 14) revealed less total sleep time (TST) in the first two weeks (342.9 ± 30.3 and 340.4 ± 32.0 min), while training volume and intensity were higher. In the second half of the camp, less training sessions were implemented, more afternoons were training free and TSTs were longer (357.0 ± 24.6 and 368.7 ± 44.8 min). A single occasion of 1.5-h delayed bedtime and usual early morning training (6:30 h) resulted in reduced ratings of Overall Recovery (OR) (M = 3.3 ± 1.3) and greater Negative Emotional State (NES) (M = 1.3 ± 1.2, p < .05), which returned to baseline on the next day. Following an extended night due to the only training-free day, sleep-offset times were shifted from ~5:30 to ~8:00 h, and each recovery and stress score improved (p < .01). Moreover, subjective ratings of the first six days were summarised as a baseline score to generate reference data as well as to explore the association between sleep and recovery. Intercorrelations of these sleep parameters emphasised the relationship between restful sleep and falling asleep quickly (r = .34, p < .05) as well as few awakenings (r = .35, p < .05). Overall, the findings highlight the impact of sleep on subjective recovery measures in the setting of a training camp. Providing the opportunity of extended sleep (and a day off) seems the most simple and effective strategy to enhance recovery and stress-related ratings.
A heterogeneous model of disposition effect

A portfolio choice model is provided to illustrate the disposition effect under irrational belief in mean reversion assumption. Higher cognitive reference, stronger irrational belief in mean reversion magnitude and less risk aversion all strengthen the disposition effect in the model. The equilibrium market interest rate is priced after the market clearing condition is employed. The grater disposition effect reduces the capital mobility from the stock market to the bond market and thus mitigates the dropping of the market interest rate.
Simultaneous Infection with More than One Strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei Is Uncommon in Human Melioidosis

ABSTRACT A prospective study was performed to determine the rate at which patients with melioidosis are infected with more than one strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Genotyping of 2,058 bacterial colonies isolated from 215 samples taken from 133 patients demonstrated that mixed infection is uncommon (2/133 cases [1.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 5.3%]).
Wage Declines among Older Men

We examine the evidence on whether real wages decline with age among older men. While the general human capital model of wage growth over the life cycle predicts that wages will fall as workers approach the end of their career, alternative models of wage growth do not predict these wage declines. We find that in longitudinal estimates of age-wage profiles wage declines only set in for workers in their 60s. Furthermore, these longitudinal declines are at least partly due to interactions with the Social Security system. The earnings cap or other effects of Social Security appear to lead some workers to choose jobs and job characteristics associated with lower wages. Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.
Incentives, Decentralized Control, the Assignment of Joint Costs and Internal Pricing

A goal of good management should be to design a reward system for those who take risks in making decisions in such a manner that the rewards to the individual correlate positively with the worth of the decision to the organization (taking into account the attitude of the top management to variance as well as to expected gain). In many organizations cost accounting supplies much of the information used for control at several levels. In this paper we examine some of the control problems that arise if joint costs are assigned by various cost accounting and some internal pricing conventions.
Association of Interleukin-28B and Hepatitis C Genotype 1 with a High Viral Load and Response to Pegylated Interferon plus Ribavirin Therapy

Background: Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin therapy is the current standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1 with high viral load. A common genetic variation near the IL28B gene has been found to affect the response to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin therapy for CHC. The aims of this study were to analyze the association between the rs8099917 genotype and treatment response in a cohort study of CHC. Methods: This study evaluated clinical and laboratory parameters retrospectively in a cohort of 122 patients with chronic hepatitis C with genotype 1 and a high viral load who received PEG-IFN plus ribavirin therapy. We carried out univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of parameters and clinical responses. Results: Sixty-three of 122 patients (51.6%) had sustained virological responses (SVRs). Patients with the rs8099917 genotype TT achieved significantly higher SVR rates (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that SVRs were associated with BMI, fibrosis, albumin, total cholesterol, PEG-IFN dose, ribavirin dose and the rs8099917 genotype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the rs8099917 genotype (odds ratio 7.434, 95% CI 2.278–24.257, p = 0.001) and total PEG-IFN dose (odds ratio 7.162, 95% CI 1.565–18.15, p = 0.007) were significant factors. Conclusions: The rs8099917 genotype and total PEG-IFN dose were associated with SVR in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1.
Characterization of Candida albicans adherence to human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro

Certain environmental, physical, and biochemical aspects of Candida albicans adherence to human vaginal epithelial cells were characterized by using an in vitro radiometric adherence assay. Blastospores harvested from cultures grown at 25 degrees C adhered to vaginal epithelial cells in significantly greater numbers than did blastospores isolated from cultures grown at 37 degrees C. C. albicans viability was not essential for adherence, but severe methods used to kill the blastospores did reduce their attachment. The addition of sodium chloride, divalent cations, sugars, mannan, or mannoprotein to the assay had no effect on attachment. Pretreatment of the blastospores with detergents, salts, urea, glycosidases, lipase, or pepsin did not affect adherence, but treatment with reducing agents or five proteolytic enzymes did render C. albicans nonadherent. Cell wall fragments prepared from C. albicans, but not from Candida krusei, adhered to vaginal epithelial cells. Loss of adherence after the cell walls were treated with alpha-mannosidase or papain suggests that cell wall mannoprotein is an essential component of the C. albicans adhesin.
Renal transplantation from living donors

Renal transplantation has become a victim of its own success. Increasing numbers of patients are referred for transplantation, but there has been no concomitant increase in the supply of kidneys from the traditional cadaveric donor pool. On the contrary, death rates from road accidents and strokes have declined over the past 20years.1 Over 4500patients in the United Kingdom and Ireland are awaiting a kidney transplant but only a third are likely to receive one within the next year. Clearly, therefore, the full potential of renal transplantation will be realised only if other donor sources can be developed. Greater use of kidneys from living donors offers scope for increasing the number of kidney transplants. In the UK and Ireland kidneys from living donors account for only 5-10% of transplants compared with 30% in the United States2 and 45% in Norway.3 The geography and demographics of Norway have been important factors in the development of their living donor programme. Norway's terrain and climate mean that patients may take several hours to travel to their nearest dialysis unit. Consequently, the Norwegians have developed a …
A Comparative Life-Table Analysis of Sipha flava (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Two Biofuel Hosts, Miscanthus × giganteus and Saccharum spp.

ABSTRACT Among the insects reported in biofuel crops, the yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), is a potential pest of giant miscanthus, Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu ex Hodkinson et Renvoize (M×g) and energy cane “L79-1002”, Saccharum spp. L. We studied the biology of S. flava on M×g and energy cane and estimated the development period, fecundity, longevity, intrinsic rate of increase, doubling time, reproductive value, and survivorship curves. To demonstrate the host suitability in a susceptible species, we studied the aphid life table on sorghum ‘PL 18200,’ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Life-table information was recorded under greenhouse conditions on the host plants. Our results suggested that both M×g and energy cane are suitable hosts for S. flava. We observed similar aphid development period on both hosts. Life-table estimates including longevity and fecundity suggested that M×g is a more suitable host for the aphid than energy cane. The intrinsic rate of increase for S. flava was lower on energy cane (0.231) than on M×g (0.258).
Agricultural Land Relations in the Developing World

In this paper we draw on a number of methodological approaches which have been used to explain land relations-tenancy, sharecropping and interlinking, distress sales, dualistic land ownership distributions, classes, and land reform-and their variations over space and time. We indicate that the explanatory power of theories on land relations hinges on the complexity, market imperfections, and distortions admitted in the analysis.
Efficient B Cell Responses to Borrelia hermsii Infection Depend on BAFF and BAFFR but Not TACI

ABSTRACT T cell-independent antibody responses develop rapidly, within 3 to 4 days, and are critical for preventing blood-borne pathogens from evolving into life-threatening infections. The interaction of BAFF, also known as BLyS, with its receptors BAFFR and TACI on B cells is critical for B cell homeostasis and function. Using a synthetic polysaccharide antigen, it has previously been shown that TACI is critical for T cell-independent antibody responses. To examine the role of BAFFR and TACI in T cell-independent antibody responses to an active infection, we utilized the Borrelia hermsii infection system. In this infection system, T cell-independent responses mediated by the B1b cell subset are critical for controlling bacteremia. We found that B1b cells express BAFFR and TACI and that the surface expression of both receptors is upregulated on B1b cells following exposure to whole B. hermsii cells. Surprisingly, we found that TACI−/− mice are not impaired either in specific antibody responses to B. hermsii or in controlling B. hermsii bacteremia. In contrast, TACI-deficient mice immunized with heat-killed type 3 serotype pneumococcus cells are impaired in generating pneumococcal polysaccharide-specific responses and succumb to challenge with live type 3 serotype pneumococcus, indicating that TACI is required for T cell-independent antibody responses to bacterial-associated polysaccharides. Although we have found that TACI is dispensable for controlling B. hermsii infection, mice deficient in BAFFR or BAFF exhibit impairment in B. hermsii-specific IgM responses and clearance of bacteremia. Collectively, these data indicate a disparity in the roles for TACI and BAFFR in primary T cell-independent antibody responses to bacterial pathogens.
THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

The very idea of Free Trade is, of course, a noble one. The idea is to bring the third World nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa into a fair competition with, and economic parity with, the Western countries. The many strong pro- and con- convictions of a number of respected authors do deal with the fact that the original framework, which was based on the Industrial Revolution has vanished. It has already been mentioned that the idea of a “ borderless economy” is now a fait accompli. The world, therefore, no longer “consists of a series of closed national economies, each with its unique set and factors of production…. But there is a problem with this view of the world. Today it is increasingly irrelevant…(we now) confront. the inevitable integration of national capital markets into a single, powerful global market. ” 1
Who should be the respondent? Comparing predictive powers between managers' and employees' responses in measuring high-performance work systems practices

This study first examines the association between the effectiveness of high-performance work systems (HPWS) and two types of firm performance (the financial performance and productivity of a firm) in Korea and then compares the relative predictive power between employee responses and manager responses. The results indicate that the effectiveness of HPWS has a statistically significant positive effect on firm performance and that employee perception of the effectiveness of human resource (HR) practices explains more variance in the financial performance and productivity of firms than does managers' corresponding perception. This study highlights the importance of a firm's employees as a source of HR information.
The Multiple Dimensions of Managerial Networking

Studies in public management show that agencies draw different types of support from different actors and organizations in their environment. If this is true, we would expect that managers differentiate their networking activity toward different types of external actors and organizations. However, empirical studies of the networking activities of managers do not reveal such a differentiation: these studies consistently report the existence of only one factor of managerial networking activity. The present article aims to solve this puzzle by disaggregating managerial networking into multiple scales of managerial networking activity, each related to a specific type of support from the agency’s environment. A cumulative scaling analysis of the network ties of Texas school district superintendents for the years 2002 and 2005 shows the existence of three such stable and homogeneous networking scales, respectively, providing (a) political support, (b) bureaucratic coping, and (c) coproduction. We compare these results with those of the method used in previous studies: factor analysis. We illustrate the potential of cumulative scaling for the analysis of managerial networking by comparing the effect of the managerial networking factor with those of the three networking scales on the pass rates of Latino students on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for our understanding of managerial networking.