Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and Internal Orientalism in China

On a visit to the nearest city-Kaili-during my 1988 field year in southeast Guizhou,' I encountered an unexpected ritual. Or was it really so unexpected? In 1986, a new six-story building had been constructed to supplement the mildewed older structure that used to house the city's No. 1 Guest House. Kaili was, after all, the capital of the Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Southeast Guizhou province in China's southwest, and its mountainous and scenic but barely arable terrain inhabited by several minority groups meant that its best hope for economic development was the promotion of tourism.2 The new hotel complex was dubbed the Nationalities Guest House.3 Teenaged girls were recruited from the countryside to work as receptionists, waitresses, and chambermaids-and to stage culture. A representative sampling of different minorities, subgroups, and costume styles had been chosen and each employee was to wear her distinctive headdress at all times. Regular duties included not only the usual hotel drudgery, but also an occasional pose in full costume for foreign travelers' cameras, and performances of song and dance to visiting tour groups. The ritual I witnessed on this particular day, however, was another variant of packaged ethnic performance. Kaili has also been promoted
Cross-National Study of the Correlation of General Population Suicide Rates with Unemployment Rates

Individual and aggregate-level studies in at least seven countries have yielded significant positive correlations for suicide with unemployment, particularly for men of younger age groups. Unemployment may act as a stressful life event leading to suicide; however, the correlation of general population suicide rates with measures of unemployment in a cross-national study of 27 countries was not statistically significant, and the magnitude was small. To be certain, further data on unemployment rates would be needed for a larger number of countries, particularly with low income.
Empathy and experience in HCI

For a decade HCI researchers and practitioners have been developing methods, practices and designs 'for the full range of human experience'. On the one hand, a variety of approaches to design, such as aesthetic, affective, and ludic that emphasize particular qualities and contexts of experience and particular approaches to intervening in interactive experience have become focal. On the other, a variety of approaches to understanding users and user experience, based on narrative, biography, and role-play have been developed and deployed. These developments can be viewed in terms of one of the seminal commitments of HCI, 'to know the user'. Empathy has been used as a defining characteristic of designer-user relationships when design is concerned with user experience. In this article, we use 'empathy' to help position some emerging design and user-experience methodologies in terms of dynamically shifting relationships between designers, users, and artefacts.
Estimating Word Translation Probabilities from Unrelated Monolingual Corpora Using the EM Algorithm

Selecting the right word translation among several options in the lexicon is a core problem for machine translation. We present a novel approach to this problem that can be trained using only unrelated monolingual corpora and a lexicon. By estimating word translation probabilities using the EM algorithm, we extend upon target language modeling. We construct a word translation model for 3830 German and 6147 English noun tokens, with very promising results.
Cardiff Puerperal Mood and Hormone Study. III. Postnatal Depression at 5 to 6 Weeks Postpartum, and its Hormonal Correlates Across the Peripartum Period

Background We assessed associations of mood at 5–6 weeks postpartum with peripartum saliva cortisol and progesterone profiles. Method A prospective study involved 120 primiparous women free of major marital, socioeconomic and health problems, who collected saliva twice daily from 2 weeks before delivery to day 35 postpartum. This allowed intensive characterisation of cortisol and progesterone profiles. At the conclusion of the study, mood was assessed according to standard criteria. Results Seven women developed major depression according to DSM–III–R criteria No associations emerged between progesterone and mood at 5 to 6 weeks. Lower levels of evening cortisol in the immediate peripartum period, were associated with postnatal depression. Conclusion The study provides no support for the treatment strategy of progesterone augmentation following delivery, as a prophylactic against postnatal depression. The HPA axis and its associations with postnatal mood warrants further investigation.
Marriage Patterns and Childbearing: Results From a Quantitative Study in North of Iran

Social changes have rapidly removed arranged marriages and it seems the change in marriage pattern has played a role in childbearing. On the other hand, there is a great reduction in population in many countries which requires a comprehensive policy to manage the considerable drop in population. To achieve this goal, initially, the factors affecting fertility must be precisely identified. This study aims to examine the role of marriage patterns in childbearing. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, 880 married women 15-49 years old, living in the north of Iran were studied using a cluster sampling strategy. The results showed that there are no significant differences in reproductive behaviors of three patterns of marriage in Bobol city of Iran. It seems there is a convergence in childbearing due to the different patterns of marriage and Policymakers should pay attention to other determinants of reproductive behaviors in demographic planning.
Developing multiple identifications through different social interactions at work

The question of how employees’ identifications with various foci at work (e.g., team, supervisor, or profession) develop and how they can be managed actively still remains largely unanswered. This is surprising, given the previously demonstrated benefits of employees’ identifications for organizational outcomes. Building on the social validation framework, we propose that changes in different social interactions (social support and effective feedback from supervisors and co-workers) over time are apt to socially validate different provisional selves and thereby differentially foster identification with the supervisor, the team, and the profession. In a longitudinal study of 212 apprentices, who are newcomers to both the organization and the profession, we test this idea using latent change scores in a structural equation modelling approach. Supporting our hypotheses, we show that changes in social support from supervisors and co-workers are related to changes in supervisor and team identification. Increased feedback from co-workers, but not from supervisors, predicted increased professional identification.
ICDAR2015 competition on smartphone document capture and OCR (SmartDoc)

Smartphones are enabling new ways of capture, hence arises the need for seamless and reliable acquisition and digitization of documents, in order to convert them to editable, searchable and a more human-readable format. Current state-of-the-art works lack databases and baseline benchmarks for digitizing mobile captured documents. We have organized a competition for mobile document capture and OCR in order to address this issue. The competition is structured into two independent challenges: smartphone document capture, and smartphone OCR. This report describes the datasets for both challenges along with their ground truth, details the performance evaluation protocols which we used, and presents the final results of the participating methods. In total, we received 13 submissions: 8 for challenge-1, and 5 for challenge-2.
Application of Swarm Intelligence Algorithm to Improve on Multiple Regression

Literature by Sun and Liu, (1995) puts forward a nonlinear programming model that unifies all kind of multiple linear regression such as principal components regression, ridge regression, robust regression and constrained regression. This paper we get the solution to the model by the use of the niching particle swarm optimization (NichePSO) method, which is a kind of swarm intelligence algorithm. The example shows that the solution got by NichePSO algorithm is more close to the real situation.
Relational and Identity Processes in Communication: A Contextual and Meta-Analytical Review of Communication Accommodation Theory

Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) has served as a cross-disciplinary framework for understanding the adjustments individuals make to create, maintain, or decrease social distance in interactions. We provide a systematic review of CAT by examining 149 articles (1973–2010) to identify categories and trends in the contexts of inquiry, sample characteristics, and locus of assessment. Next, we summarize a meta-analysis of a subset of these articles (k = 76, N = 18,382) to identify effect sizes for specific behaviors (e.g., nonaccommodation, reluctant accommodation) and correlates of these behaviors (e.g., quality of contact, relational solidarity). Theoretical and methodological considerations are discussed. Indicates manuscript was used in contextual or meta-analysis.
Matrix Gene of Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Wild Aquatic Birds: Ecology and Emergence of Influenza A Viruses

ABSTRACT Wild aquatic birds are the primary reservoir of influenza A viruses, but little is known about the viruses' gene pool in wild birds. Therefore, we investigated the ecology and emergence of influenza viruses by conducting phylogenetic analysis of 70 matrix (M) genes of influenza viruses isolated from shorebirds and gulls in the Delaware Bay region and from ducks in Alberta, Canada, during >18 years of surveillance. In our analysis, we included 61 published M genes of isolates from various hosts. We showed that M genes of Canadian duck viruses and those of shorebird and gull viruses in the Delaware Bay shared ancestors with the M genes of North American poultry viruses. We found that North American and Eurasian avian-like lineages are divided into sublineages, indicating that multiple branches of virus evolution may be maintained in wild aquatic birds. The presence of non-H13 gull viruses in the gull-like lineage and of H13 gull viruses in other avian lineages suggested that gulls' M genes do not preferentially associate with the H13 subtype or segregate into a distinct lineage. Some North American avian influenza viruses contained M genes closely related to those of Eurasian avian viruses. Therefore, there may be interregional mixing of the two clades. Reassortment of shorebird M and HA genes was evident, but there was no correlation among the HA or NA subtype, M gene sequence, and isolation time. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that influenza viruses in wild waterfowl contain distinguishable lineages of M genes.
Hymenoptera Venom Allergy: Time Course of Specific IgE Concentrations during the First Weeks after a Sting

Detection of IgE antibodies specific to honeybee or Vespula venoms is an important criterium firstly for the diagnosis of sensitization and secondly for the indication for a specific immunotherapy. Some authors recommend to postpone blood analysis after an insect sting for a certain time because circulating IgE antibodies might be consumed by the allergic reaction, which would result in a false–negative test outcome. We investigated IgE concentrations during the first weeks after an insect sting in 31 patients with an unequivocal history of an anaphylactic reaction after a honeybee (n = 13) or Vespula (n = 18) sting. Blood samples for analysis of specific IgE concentrations (CAP system, Pharmacia Diagnostics, Sweden) were collected within 2 weeks and 5±2 weeks after the insect sting. 12/13 patients with honeybee venom and 14/18 patients with Vespula venom sensitization had CAP classes 1 or higher within the first 2 weeks. Those 5 patients with CAP class 0 within the first 2 weeks had detectable IgE concentrations a few weeks later. We conclude that testing for specific IgE to hymenoptera venoms is in most cases useful even during the first 2 weeks after the hymenoptera sting. This allows early decisions on further diagnostic procedures and the therapeutic way to choose. Patients with no detectable IgE should, however, be retested after a few weeks.
Post-colonial folk dancing: reflections on the impact of stage folk dance style on traditional folk dance variation in Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia

ABSTRACT The focus of this article is on traditional folk dance in Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Dance variation is analyzed through the prism of postcolonial theories to reveal the sequential effects of the colonial situation developed during the Soviet period. Specific causes and characteristic traits of the Soviet influence are explored. Colonialist echoes of the Soviet regime within contemporary Estonian culture are reflected in two trends in the variation of traditional folk dance: first, “contamination” of traditional folk dance with stage dance elements promoted during the Soviet era and, second, a regular search for “genuine” folk dance as a reaction to Soviet colonial heritage.
Success Rate of Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment of Nonvital Teeth with Variable Periradicular Lesions

INTRODUCTION Bacterial infection of tooth pulp can progress into periapical diseases. Root canal treatment has been established as the best treatment. In cases of failure, nonsurgical retreatment of teeth is preferred to surgical procedure and extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this historical cohort study, 104 permanent teeth with apical lesion were treated during 2002-2008. All teeth showed radiographic evidence of periapical lesion varying in size from 1 to >10mm. A total of 55 teeth were treated with initial root canal treatment and 49 teeth required retreatment. Patients were recalled up to ≈7 years. All radiographs were taken by RSV MAC digital imaging set and long cone technique. The presence/absence of signs and symptoms and periapical index scores (PAI) were used for measuring outcome. Teeth were classified as healed (clinical/radiographic absence of signs and symptoms) or diseased (clinical/radiographic presence of signs and symptoms). The data were statistically analyzed using student t-test and Pearson chi-square or fisher’s exact test. RESULTS The rate of complete healing for teeth with initial treatment was 89.7%, and for retreatment group was 85.7%; there was no significant difference. Size of lesions did not significantly affect the treatment outcomes. Success of tooth treatment did not reveal significant correlation with gender and number of roots. CONCLUSION Orthograde endodontic treatment/retreatment demonstrates favorable outcomes. Thus, nonsurgical endodontic treatment/retreatment should be considered as the first choice in teeth with large periapical lesion.
Association of radiographic emphysema and airflow obstruction with lung cancer.

RATIONALE To study the relationship between emphysema and/or airflow obstruction and lung cancer in a high-risk population. OBJECTIVE We studied lung cancer related to radiographic emphysema and spirometric airflow obstruction in tobacco-exposed persons who were screened for lung cancer using chest computed tomography (CT). METHODS Subjects completed questionnaires, spirometry, and low-dose helical chest CT. CT scans were scored for emphysema based on National Emphysema Treatment Trial criteria. Multiple logistic regressions estimated the independent associations between various factors, including radiographic emphysema and airflow obstruction, and subsequent lung cancer diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 3,638 subjects, 57.5, 18.8, 14.6, and 9.1% had no, trace, mild, and moderate-severe emphysema, and 57.3, 13.6, 22.8, and 6.4% had no, mild (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] I), moderate (GOLD II), and severe (GOLD III-IV) airflow obstruction. Of 3,638 subjects, 99 (2.7%) received a lung cancer diagnosis. Adjusting for sex, age, years of cigarette smoking, and number of cigarettes smoked daily, logistic regression showed the expected lung cancer association with the presence of airflow obstruction (GOLD I-IV, odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.27). A second logistic regression showed lung cancer related to emphysema (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.21-5.73). After additional adjustments for GOLD class, emphysema remained a strong and statistically significant factor related to lung cancer (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.91-5.15). CONCLUSIONS Emphysema on CT scan and airflow obstruction on spirometry are related to lung cancer in a high-risk population. Emphysema is independently related to lung cancer. Both radiographic emphysema and airflow obstruction should be considered when assessing lung cancer risk.
A Motivational and Social-Comparison Perspective on Team-Member Exchange: Multi-Level Antecedents and Consequences of Relationship Quality in Teams

A Motivational and Social-Comparison Perspective on Team-Member Exchange: MultiLevel Antecedents and Consequences of Relationship Quality in Teams Jaclyn Ann Margolis Team-member exchange (TMX) examines a team member’s willingness to exchange ideas, feedback, advice, and support with his or her teammates and the team’s willingness to reciprocally provide help and recognition to this individual. I adopt a multi-level motivational perspective on team-based exchanges and examine the motivational antecedents and outcomes of exchanges at both the individual and team levels. I propose that prosocial motivation is an antecedent of team-based exchanges. More specifically, I contend that prosocial motivation in the form of psychological collectivism positively influences TMX and team-level collectivism positively influences TMX-team, and I further contend that a training to improve prosocial competencies within the team provides trait-activating cues that positively moderate these relationships. Further, I contend that prosocial competency training has a positive direct relationship with TMXteam and a negative direct relationship with TMX differentiation. With regards to outcomes, I propose that exchanges have an empowering effect on teams and their members, however this relationship is contingent on TMX differentiation. Using social comparison theory as a conceptual base, I contend that differentiation is indicative of the comparisons that occur in teams. At the individual level, I propose that differentiation allows for comparisons amongst team members with regards to TMX levels and that these comparisons emphasize individual TMX levels; correspondingly, I propose that
Hafnium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province and Galápagos hot spot tracks

We report Hf isotope compositions of 79 lavas that record the early (∼5–95 Ma) history of the Galápagos plume volcanism. These include lavas from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP; ∼95–70 Ma), the accreted Galápagos paleo‐hot spot track terranes (54–65 Ma) of Costa Rica (Quepos, Osa and Burica igneous complexes), and the Galápagos hot spot tracks (<20 Ma) located on the Pacific seafloor (Cocos, Carnegie, Malpelo, and Coiba Ridges and associated seamounts). These samples have previously been well characterized in terms of major and trace elements, Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopes and Ar/Ar ages. As a result of the relative immobility of the high field strength and rare earth elements during syn‐ and post‐emplacement hydrothermal activity and low‐temperature alteration, combined Lu‐Hf and Sm‐Nd isotope systematics, when used in conjunction with Pb isotopes, provide a particular powerful tool, for evaluating the source compositions of ancient and submarine lavas. The combined Nd‐Hf isotope data suggest that three of the isotopically distinct source components found today in the Galápagos Islands (the Floreana‐like southern component, the Fernandina‐like central component, and the depleted Genovesa‐like eastern component) were present in the CLIP already by 95–70 Ma. The fourth Pinta‐like northern component is first recorded at about 83–85 Ma by volcanism taking place during the transition from the plume head/CLIP to plume tail stage and has then been present in the hot spot track continuously thereafter. The identification of the unique northern and southern Galápagos Plume Hf‐Nd‐Pb isotope source signatures within the CLIP and the oldest hot spot track lavas provides direct evidence that the CLIP represents the plume head stage of the Galápagos hot spot. Hafnium isotopes are consistent with the possibility that two types of sediment components may have contributed to the Hf, Nd and Pb isotope compositions of the Galápagos plume lavas. One component, characterized by Δ207Pb/204Pb ≈ 0 and high positive ΔεHf has an isotope signature indicative of relatively recently recycled pelagic sediment, a signature typical of the southern Galápagos island Floreana. The other component has an EM like isotopic composition resembling modern seafloor sediments with positive Δ207Pb/204Pb and lower ΔεHf, a signature typical of the northern Galápagos island Pinta.
Transdermal delivery of insulin by ultrasonic vibration

Abstract— Ultrasonic vibration has been used to deliver insulin through the skin of hairless mice fasted overnight and partially immersed in an aqueous solution of insulin (20 units mL−1). The skin surface was exposed to ultrasonic vibration in two ultrasonic energy ranges (3000–5000 Pa and 5000–8000 Pa) at 48 kHz for 5 min. Blood glucose concentration was measured before and after exposure to insulin and ultrasonic vibration. In the group subjected to the lower energy vibrations, blood glucose fell rapidly to reach 34 ± 11.9% of control values in 120 min, while when the animals were exposed to higher energy vibrations, the fall in blood glucose was 22.4 ± 3.9% of control values at 120 min. The values remained low for the length of the experiment (240 min). Those exposed to insulin alone or ultrasonic vibration alone revealed no significant change in blood glucose concentration. It is postulated that ultrasonic vibration may alter skin permeability resulting in the absorption of insulin. That the blood glucose decrease was greater at the higher of the two energy ranges, suggests this factor could control insulin delivery.