Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nsclick:: bridging network simulation and deployment

Ad hoc network protocols are often developed, tested and evaluated using simulators. However, when the time comes to deploy those protocols for use or testing on real systems the protocol must be reimplemented for the target platform. This usually results in two, completely separate code-bases that must be maintained. Bugs which are found and fixed under simulated conditions must also be fixed separately in the deployed implementation, and vice versa. There is ample opportunity for the two implementations to drift apart, possibly to the point where the deployed and simulated version have little actual resemblance to each other. Testing the deployed version may also require construction of a testbed, a potentially time-consuming and expensive endeavor. Even if constructing an actual testbed is feasible, simulators are very useful for running large, repeatable scenarios for tasks such as protocol evaluation and regression testing. Furthermore, since the implementation may require modification of the kernel network stack, there's a good chance that a particular implementation may only run on specific versions of specific operating systems. To address these issues, we constructed the nsclick simulation environment by embedding the Click Modular Router inside of the popular \ns~network simulator. Routing protocols may be implemented as Click graphs and easily moved between simulation and any operating system supported by Click. This paper describes the design, use, validation and performance of nsclick.
Contributions à l'étude des réseaux sociaux : propagation, fouille, collecte de données

Le concept de reseau offre un modele de representation pour une grande variete d'objets et de systemes, aussi bien naturels que sociaux, dans lesquels un ensemble d'entites homogenes ou heterogenes interagissent entre elles. Il est aujourd'hui employe couramment pour designer divers types de structures relationnelles. Pourtant, si chacun a une idee plus ou moins precise de ce qu'est un reseau, nous ignorons encore souvent les implications qu'ont ces structures dans de nombreux phenomenes du monde qui nous entoure. C'est par exemple le cas de processus tels que la diffusion d'une rumeur, la transmission d'une maladie, ou meme l'emergence de sujets d'interet commun a un groupe d'individus, dans lesquels les relations que maintiennent les individus entre eux et leur nature s'averent souvent etre les principaux facteurs determinants l'evolution du phenomene. C'est ainsi que l'etude des reseaux est devenue l'un des domaines emergents du 21e siecle appele la "Science des reseaux". Dans ce memoire, nous abordons trois problemes de la science des reseaux: le probleme de la diffusion dans les reseaux sociaux, ou nous nous sommes interesses plus particulierement a l'impact de la dynamique du reseau sur le processus de diffusion, le probleme de l'analyse des reseaux sociaux, dans lequel nous avons propose une solution pour tirer parti de l'ensemble des informations disponibles en combinant les informations sur la structure du reseau et les attributs des noeuds et le probleme central de la collecte de donnees sociales, ou nous nous sommes interesses au cas particulier de la collecte de donnees en milieux sauvages.
THE TRANSIT LIGHT CURVE PROJECT. XII. SIX TRANSITS OF THE EXOPLANET XO-2b

We present photometry of six transits of the exoplanet XO-2b. By combining the light-curve analysis with theoretical isochrones to determine the stellar properties, we find the planetary radius to be 0.996+0.031−0.018 RJup and the planetary mass to be 0.565 ± 0.054 MJup. These results are consistent with those reported previously, and are also consistent with theoretical models for gas giant planets. The midtransit times are accurate to within 1 minute and are consistent with a constant period. However, the period we derive differs by 2. 5σ from the previously published period. More data are needed to tell whether the period is actually variable (as it would be in the presence of an additional body) or if the timing errors have been underestimated.
Resolving the Structure of Ionized Helium in the Intergalactic Medium with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer

The neutral hydrogen (H i) and ionized helium (Heii) absorption in the spectra of quasars are unique probes of structure in the early universe. We present Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of the line of sight to the quasar HE2347-4342 in the 1000 to 1187 angstrom band at a resolving power of 15,000. We resolve the He ii Lyman α (Lyα) absorption as a discrete forest of absorption lines in the redshift range 2.3 to 2.7. About 50 percent of these features have H icounterparts with column densities N Hi > 1012.3 per square centimeter that account for most of the observed opacity in He iiLyα. The He ii to H i column density ratio ranges from 1 to >1000, with an average of ∼80. Ratios of <100 are consistent with photoionization of the absorbing gas by a hard ionizing spectrum resulting from the integrated light of quasars, but ratios of >100 in many locations indicate additional contributions from starburst galaxies or heavily filtered quasar radiation. The presence of He ii Lyα absorbers with no H icounterparts indicates that structure is present even in low-density regions, consistent with theoretical predictions of structure formation through gravitational instability.
Translating DRiPs: MHC class I immunosurveillance of pathogens and tumors

MHC class I molecules display oligopeptides on the cell surface to enable T cell immunosurveillance of intracellular pathogens and tumors. Speed is of the essence in detecting viruses, which can complete a full replication cycle in just hours, whereas tumor detection is typically a finding‐the‐needle‐in‐the‐haystack exercise. We review current evidence supporting a nonrandom, compartmentalized selection of peptidogenic substrates that focuses on rapidly degraded translation products as a main source of peptide precursors to optimize immunosurveillance of pathogens and tumors.
Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction is associated with hearing loss in newborns with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVE The study sought to determine the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia during early infancy and clinical and laboratory outcome events, particularly hearing loss in infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the central nervous system (CNS). STUDY DESIGN A total of 147 infant patients were enrolled prospectively in 2 clinical trials evaluating ganciclovir for the treatment of symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the CNS. Aliquots of serum collected at enrollment in either of the 2 trials were available from 50 of the infants, and the degree of viremia was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Of the 50 infants from whom serum samples were available, 37 had detectable CMV DNA in the serum sample collected at enrollment and were classified as viremic. Viremic infants were more likely to have (1) hearing loss both at enrollment (P = .045) and at the 6-month follow-up testing (P = .035) and (2) other indicators of active CMV disease, including elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, petechial rash, and organomegaly. CONCLUSION In children with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the CNS, viremia during early infancy is associated with hearing loss and systemic CMV disease.
Structural Requirements for Glycosaminoglycan Recognition by the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent, binds glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. Heparin or heparan sulfate fractions separated by size or charge were tested for their ability to inhibit attachment ofB. burgdorferi to Vero cells. GAG chains of increasing length and/or charge showed increasing inhibitory potency, and detectable heparin inhibition of bacterial binding required a minimum of 16 residues. The ability of a given heparin fraction to inhibit binding to Vero cells was strongly predictive of its ability to inhibit hemagglutination, suggesting that hemagglutination reflects the capacity of B. burgdorferi to bind to GAGs.
Interleaved Dual Buck Full-Bridge Three-Level Inverter

A novel interleaved dual buck full-bridge three-level inverter (IDBFTI) is proposed for the grid-connected system in this paper. It retains the advantages of interleaved parallel technology for inverter as follows: reducing the output ripple current and the total harmonic distortion of the output current, increasing the power density of system, and reducing the current stress and thermal stress of power devices. Besides, it can solve the problem of zero sequence circulation current (ZSCC) in interleaved inverter system by the circuit structure, and it also has the advantages of no shoot-through problem, no reverse recovery of the body diode, and three-level output. The interleaved inverter circuits share two power-frequency switches, which are resized for each specific application, and it is easier to extend the system by improving current capability of the two switches. The working principle of this system is introduced in detail, and a 2-kW experimental prototype has been established and tested. Test results verify the principle and the excellent performance of IDBFTI.
Haemodynamic monitoring in the peri‐operative period: the past, the present and the future

Over recent years there has been an increase in the implementation of goal‐directed therapy using minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques to guide peri‐operative care. Since the introduction of the pulmonary artery flotation catheter in the 1980s, various haemodynamic monitors have been developed, each associated with their own benefits and limitations. Goal‐directed therapy has been well‐established as a standard of care in the peri‐operative period and has largely been associated with a reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, evidence over the last few years from major studies has led us to question: what is the future for goal‐directed therapy? Care of the peri‐operative patient has significantly evolved over the last decade and this needs to be taken into account when assessing the results of these studies. We should therefore not look at the effects of goal‐directed therapy in isolation but as part of a progressive care bundle. Additionally, other markers of haemodynamic status have also begun to be further appreciated and these are worthy of further investigation. We feel that the future for haemodynamic monitoring remains promising with new areas of interest continuously emerging, but further research is still required.
Persistent Luminescence in Non-Eu2+-Doped Compounds: A Review

During the past few decades, the research on persistent luminescent materials has focused mainly on Eu2+-doped compounds. However, the yearly number of publications on non-Eu2+-based materials has also increased steadily. By now, the number of known persistent phosphors has increased to over 200, of which over 80% are not based on Eu2+, but rather, on intrinsic host defects, transition metals (manganese, chromium, copper, etc.) or trivalent rare earths (cerium, terbium, dysprosium, etc.). In this review, we present an overview of these non-Eu2+-based persistent luminescent materials and their afterglow properties. We also take a closer look at some remaining challenges, such as the excitability with visible light and the possibility of energy transfer between multiple luminescent centers. Finally, we summarize the necessary elements for a complete description of a persistent luminescent material, in order to allow a more objective comparison of these phosphors.
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Visceral and Hepatic Fat in Women with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

OBJECTIVE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic fat deposition are the most important risk factors for women's health. Acupuncture, including electroacupuncture (EA), is used to treat obesity throughout the world. The effect of EA is evaluated mainly by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Few studies have assessed its effect in reducing VAT volume and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) based on an exact measurement method such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to resolve this issue. METHODS Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 15) did not receive any intervention and maintained a normal diet and their usual exercise habits. The treatment group (n = 15) received EA three times a week for 3 months. BMI and WC were measured using different devices. VAT and HFF were measured by MRI and calculated by related software before and after the intervention. RESULTS A marked difference was evident in group that received EA treatment in the following tests. The differences in BMI (U = 21.00, p < 0.001), WC (U = 40.50, p = 0.002), VAT volume (U = 13.00, p < 0.001), and mean HFF (U = 0.00, p < 0.001) before and after the intervention in the treatment group were distinct and significant compared with those of the control group. Three months later, the treatment group showed a lower BMI (W = 91.00, p = 0.001), WC (t = 4.755, p < 0.001), VAT volume (t = 5.164, p < 0.001), and mean HFF (W = 120.00, p = 0.001) compared with pretreatment levels. Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed a lower VAT volume (t = 60.00, p = 0.029) after 3 months of treatment. After 3 months, the control group showed higher mean HFF (t = -2.900, p = 0.012) and VAT volume (W = 11.50, p = 0.006) compared with their initial levels. CONCLUSION Based on MRI evaluation, this randomized controlled study proved that EA treatment reduces BMI and WC as well as VAT volume and HFF in women with abdominal obesity.
An exploration of pregnant teenagers' views of the future and their decisions to continue or terminate their pregnancy: implications for nursing care.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore teenagers' views of the future in relation to their choices to continue or terminate pregnancy. BACKGROUND Despite recent decreases in the numbers of teenage pregnancies, across the world, the teenage pregnancy rate remains high. Consideration of views of the future (future orientation) appears to play an important part in teenage girls' decisions to continue with pregnancy. To date, no study has explored this in teenage pregnant girls at the time they make their decision to continue with or terminate their pregnancy. DESIGN Cross-sectional mixed methods design. METHODS Three groups were included: termination of pregnancy (n = 19), antenatal (n = 9) and never pregnant (n = 23). Participants were 13-18 years old. The termination of pregnancy and antenatal groups were interviewed, and the never pregnant group completed postal questionnaires. RESULTS Groups differed in individual aspects of future orientation, that is, education, career and family, and reasons for pregnancy resolution choice. The termination group had more clearly developed and longer-term plans for the future with a focus on career. The never pregnant group shared aspects of their future orientation with both the antenatal and termination of pregnancy groups. The impact of negative discourses about teenage pregnancy from others was identified as a significant issue. CONCLUSIONS How pregnant teenage girls view the future has a relationship with their decision to terminate or continue with their pregnancy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings suggest that working with teenage girls to clarify their views of the future may be useful both in preventing future unwanted pregnancy and in supporting teenagers in making pregnancy decisions. Supporting pregnant teenagers in distancing themselves from negative stereotypes of teenage mothers may also be beneficial.
COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Aim: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition. Methods: In a multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells. For each compartment, COX-2 expression was graded as high or low, based on a product score of extension and intensity of positively stained cells. Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.81–1.27 and HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.78–1.61, respectively). High COX-2 scores in tumor (n = 71) or stromal cells (n = 55) was not associated with a superior survival outcome with celecoxib vs. placebo (HR =0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.54; and HR =1.51; 95% CI 0.86–2.66), and no significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p = .48 and .25, respectively). Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated within the context of a randomized trial, we could not detect any interaction effect of COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and the outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
Projecting wildfire area burned in the south-eastern United States, 2011–60

Future changes in society and climate are expected to affect wildfire activity in the south-eastern United States. The objective of this research was to understand how changes in both climate and society may affect wildfire in the coming decades. We estimated a three-stage statistical model of wildfire area burned by ecoregion province for lightning and human causes (1992–2010) based on precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, forest land use, human population and personal income. Estimated parameters from the statistical models were used to project wildfire area burned from 2011 to 2060 under nine climate realisations, using a combination of three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-based emissions scenarios (A1B, A2, B2) and three general circulation models. Monte Carlo simulation quantifies ranges in projected area burned by county by year, and in total for higher-level spatial aggregations. Projections indicated, overall in the Southeast, that median annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire increases by 34%, human-ignited wildfire decreases by 6%, and total wildfire increases by 4% by 2056–60 compared with 2016–20. Total wildfire changes vary widely by state (–47 to +30%) and ecoregion province (–73 to +79%). Our analyses could be used to generate projections of wildfire-generated air pollutant exposures, relevant to meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
On the possibility of faster SAT algorithms

We describe reductions from the problem of determining the satisfiability of Boolean CNF formulas (CNF-SAT) to several natural algorithmic problems. We show that attaining any of the following bounds would improve the state of the art in algorithms for SAT: • an <i>O(n<sup>k-ε</sup>)</i> algorithm for <i>k</i>-Dominating Set, for any <i>k</i> ≥ 3, • a (computationally efficient) protocol for 3-party set disjointness with <i>o(m)</i> bits of communication, • an <i>n<sup>°(d)</sup></i> algorithm for <i>d</i>-SUM, • an <i>O(n</i><sup>5-ε</sup>) algorithm for 2-SAT formulas with <i>m = n</i><sup>1+0(1)</sup> clauses, where <i>two</i> clauses may have unrestricted length, and • an <i>O((n + m)k-ε)</i> algorithm for HornSat with <i>k</i> unrestricted length clauses. One may interpret our reductions as new attacks on the complexity of SAT, or sharp lower bounds conditional on exponential hardness of SAT.
Estudio estructural del exopolisacárido producido por un cultivo sumergido del hongo entomopatogénico Metarhizium anisopliae

El exopolisacarido (EPS) separado desde el hongo entomopatogenico Metarhizium anisopliae determinado por cromatografia de exclusion en gel ser homogeneo. La cromatografia ionica de alto rendimiento con deteccion de pulso amperometrico (HPAE-PAD) mostro un contenido de monosacaridos D-galactosamina y D-fucosa en una relacion molar de alrededor de 2:1. Los resultados obtenidos desde la espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) y la segunda derivada del espectro FT-IR confirmaron la estructura propuesta.
Exploring Twitter communication dynamics with evolving community analysis

11 Online Social Networks (OSNs) have been widely adopted as a means of news dissemination, event reporting, opinion expression and discussion. As a result, news and events are being constantly reported and discussed online through OSNs such as Twitter. However, the variety and scale of all the information renders manual analysis extremely cumbersome, and therefore, creating a storyline for an event or news story is an effort-intensive task. The main challenge pertains to the magnitude of data to be analyzed. To this end we propose a framework for ranking the resulting communities and their metadata on the basis of structural, contextual and evolutionary characteristics such as community centrality, textual entropy, persistence and stability. We apply the proposed framework on three Twitter datasets and demonstrate that the analysis that followed enables the extraction of new insights with respect to influential user accounts, topics of discussion and emerging trends.These insights could primarily assist the work of social and political analysis scientists and the work of journalists in their own story telling, but also highlight the limitations of existing analysis methods and pose new research questions. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the ranking of dynamic communities. In addition, our findings suggest future work regarding the determination of the general context of the communities based on structure and evolutionary behavior alone. 12
Single-layer fanout routing and routability analysis for ball grid arrays

Fanout routing for Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages becomes non-trivial when the I/O pin count increases. When the number of I/Os gets larger and larger, the number of I/Os we can put on a package may not be limited by the available area but sometimes by the ability to fan them out on the next level of interconnect-the PCB or MCM substrate. This paper presents an efficient algorithm (EVENFANOUT) which generates the optimal uniform distribution of wires. We have found the three cuts that is decisive on the routability of the package using EVENFANOUT. These decisive cuts form the base for design optimization of the package.