Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Five: Recognising human interactions in TV shows

In this paper we address the problem of recognising interactions between two people in realistic scenarios for video retrieval purposes. We develop a per-person descriptor that uses attention (head orientation) and the local spatial and temporal context in a neighbourhood of each detected person. Using head orientation mitigates camera view ambiguities, while the local context, comprised of histograms of gradients and motion, aims to capture cues such as hand and arm movement. We also employ structured learning to capture spatial relationships between interacting individuals. We train an initial set of one-vs-the-rest linear SVM classifiers, one for each interaction, using this descriptor. Noting that people generally face each other while interacting, we learn a structured SVM that combines head orientation and the relative location of people in a frame to improve upon the initial classification obtained with our descriptor. To test the efficacy of our method, we have created a new dataset of realistic human interactions comprised of clips extracted from TV shows, which represents a very difficult challenge. Our experiments show that using structured learning improves the retrieval results compared to using the interaction classifiers independently.
A naturalistic comparison of the effectiveness of methadone and two sublingual formulations of buprenorphine on maintenance treatment outcomes: findings from a retrospective multisite study.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to compare the effectiveness of the 3 most commonly prescribed maintenance medications in the United States indicated for the treatment of opioid dependence in reducing illicit drug use and retaining patients in treatment. METHOD Data were abstracted from electronic medical records for 3,233 patients admitted to 34 maintenance treatment facilities located throughout the United States during the period of July 1, 2012, through July 1, 2013. Patients were grouped into 1 of 3 medication categories based on their selection at intake (methadone [n = 2,738; M dosage = 64.64 mg/d, SD = 25.58], Suboxone [n = 102; M dosage = 9.75 mg/d, SD = 4.04], or Subutex [n = 393; M dosage = 12.21 mg/d, SD = 5.31]) and were studied through retrospective chart review for 6 months or until treatment discharge. Two measures of patient retention in treatment and urinalysis drug screen (UDS) findings for both opioids and various nonopioid substances comprised the study outcomes. RESULTS The average length of stay (LOS) in terms of days in treatment for the methadone group (M = 169.86, SE = 5.02) was significantly longer than both the Subutex (M = 69.34, SE = 23.43) and Suboxone (M = 119.35, SE = 20.82) groups. The Suboxone group evinced a significantly longer average LOS relative to the Subutex group. After adjustment for relevant covariates, patients maintained on methadone were 3.73 times (95% confidence interval [CI]= 2.82-4.92) and 2.48 times (95% CI = 1.57-3.92) more likely to be retained in treatment at 6 months than patients prescribed Subutex and Suboxone, respectively. The 6-month prevalence rates of positive UDS findings for both opioids and nonopioid substances were similar across medication groups. CONCLUSIONS Comparable rates of illicit drug use at 6 months may be expected irrespective of maintenance medication, while increased retention may be expected for patients maintained on methadone relative to those maintained on Suboxone or Subutex.
Membrane and Synaptic Actions of Halothane on Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons and Inhibitory Interneurons

A relatively small number of inhibitory interneurons can control the excitability and synchronization of large numbers of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus and other cortical regions. Thus, anesthetic modulation of interneurons could play an important role during anesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a general anesthetic, halothane, on membrane and synaptic properties of rat hippocampal interneurons. GABA receptor-mediated IPSCs were recorded with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in visually identified CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons located at the border of stratum lacunosum-moleculare and stratum radiatum. Halothane (0.35 mm ≅ 1.2 vol%) depressed evoked IPSC amplitudes recorded from both pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. Also, halothane considerably prolonged the decay time constant of evoked IPSCs in pyramidal cells and interneurons. The frequencies of miniature IPSCs were increased by halothane (two- to threefold) in both types of neuron. On the other hand, halothane effects on resting membrane potentials were variable but minimal in both types of neurons. In current-clamp recordings, halothane depressed EPSP amplitudes and increased IPSP amplitudes recorded from both types of neurons. In addition, halothane increased the failure rate of synaptically evoked action potentials. Taken together, these data provide evidence that halothane increases GABAAreceptor-mediated synaptic inhibition between synaptically connected interneurons and depresses excitatory transmission, similar to effects observed in pyramidal neurons.
Bridging or bonding? Relationships between integration and media use among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands

Abstract This article will first of all present a brief literature review on media use and identity construction and integration. This overview will be given in light of two phenomena: The concepts of ‘social quality’ and ‘cultural participation’ and the role played by the media in this on the one hand, and the multicultural composition of Dutch society on the other. The present contribution looks at the four largest ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands: Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese and Antillean youngsters (13 to 24-year-olds), and adults (25 years of age and above). The key issue is ‘integration’ with its six dimensions, among which the extent to which ethnic minorities endorse norms and values of Dutch society, and the minorities’ motivation with respect to integration. We also focus on related features, such as religious outlook and linguistic fluency. The measure of participation or integration in Dutch society is related to the use of four kinds of media: Radio, television, print media, and the Internet. The present contribution addresses the following question: To what extent are, on the one hand, bonding (i. e., an immigrant’s slant towards maintaining contacts with the ‘homeland’) or, on the other, bridging (i. e., the desire to familiarize oneself with Dutch society and to participate in it socially and culturally) predictors of media use among ethnic minorities? We will address the relative importance of these four media in terms of media time and their twofold ‘bridging’ and ‘bonding’ capacities; for each of these media we check the extent to which ethnic minorities favor media from their native country and use applications which focus on their country of origin or their own group.
The sinus venosus progenitors separate and diversify from the first and second heart fields early in development.

AIMS During development, the heart tube grows by differentiation of Isl1(+)/Nkx2-5(+) progenitors to the arterial and venous pole and dorsal mesocardium. However, after the establishment of the heart tube, Tbx18(+) progenitors were proposed to form the Tbx18(+)/Nkx2-5(-) sinus venosus and proepicardium. To elucidate the relationship between these contributions, we investigated the origin of the Tbx18(+) sinus venosus progenitor population in the cardiogenic mesoderm and its spatial and temporal relation to the second heart field during murine heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS Explant culture revealed that the Tbx18(+) cell population has the potential to form Nkx2-5(-) sinus venosus myocardium. Three-dimensional reconstruction of expression patterns showed that during heart tube elongation, the Tbx18(+) progenitors remained spatially and temporally separate from the Isl1(+) second heart field, only overlapping with the Isl1(+) domain at the right lateral side of the inflow tract, where the sinus node developed. Consistently, genetic lineage analysis revealed that the Tbx18(+) descendants formed the sinus venosus myocardium, but did not contribute to the pulmonary vein myocardium that developed in the Isl1(+) second heart field. By means of DiI labelling and expression analysis, the origin of the sinus venosus progenitor population was traced to the lateral rim of splanchnic mesoderm that down-regulated Nkx2-5 expression approximately 2 days before its differentiation into sinus venosus myocardium. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the cardiogenic mesoderm contains an additional progenitor subpopulation that contributes to the sinus venosus myocardium. After patterning of the cardiogenic mesoderm, this progenitor population remains spatially separated and genetically distinctive from the second heart field subpopulation.
Tubulin Cofactors and Arl 2 are Cage-like Chaperones that regulate the soluble αβ-Tubulin 1 pool for Microtubule Dynamics 2 3 4

1 pool for Microtubule Dynamics 2 3 4 Stanley Nithiananatham, Sinh Le, Elbert Seto, Weitao Jia, Julie Leary, Kevin D Corbett, Jeffrey 5 K Moore, Jawdat Al-Bassam 6 7 1 Molecular Cellular Biology Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616 8 2 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 9 University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 10 4 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 11 CO 80045 12 13 14 Abstract 15 16 Microtubule dynamics and polarity stem from the polymerization of αß-tubulin heterodimers. Five 17 conserved tubulin cofactors/chaperones and the Arl2 GTPase regulate αand β-tubulin assembly 18 into heterodimers and maintain the soluble tubulin pool in the cytoplasm, but their physical 19 mechanisms are unknown. Here, we reconstitute a core tubulin chaperone consisting of tubulin 20 cofactors TBCD, TBCE and Arl2, and reveal a cage-like structure for regulating αβ-tubulin. 21 Biochemical assays and electron microscopy structures of multiple intermediates show the 22 sequential binding of αβ-tubulin dimer followed by tubulin cofactor TBCC onto this chaperone, 23 forming a ternary complex in which Arl2 GTP hydrolysis is activated to alter αβ-tubulin conformation. 24 A GTP-state locked Arl2 mutant inhibits ternary complex dissociation in vitro and causes severe 25 defects in microtubule dynamics in vivo. Our studies suggest a revised paradigm for tubulin 26 cofactors and Arl2 functions as a catalytic chaperone that regulates soluble αβ-tubulin assembly and 27 maintenance to support microtubule dynamics. 28 29 Introduction 30 31 Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic polymers that modulate fundamental cellular processes through 32 dynamic αβ-tubulin polymerization and depolymerization at their ends, and serve as polarized tracks 33 for molecular motor proteins (Akhmanova and Steinmetz, 2008). Polarity and dynamic instability are 34 fundamental features of the MT polymer, originating from the head-to-tail polymerization of αβ35 tubulin heterodimers (Alushin et al., 2014; Nogales et al., 1999). The αβ-tubulin dimer contains two 36 GTP-binding sites: an inactive non-exchangeable site (N-site) on α-tubulin which is suggested to 37 stabilize αβ-tubulin dimers during their biogenesis, and an active exchangeable site (E-site) on β38 tubulin, which is stimulated to hydrolyze GTP upon αβ-tubulin incorporation into MT lattices at plus 39 ends (Alushin et al., 2014; Nogales et al., 1999). GTP hydrolysis at the E-site leads to dynamic 40 instability (catastrophe) at MT plus ends, due to strain induced by curvature of individual 41 protofilaments (Alushin et al., 2014; Brouhard and Rice, 2014). Intracellular MT dynamics critically 42 relies on a tightly controlled pool of soluble αβ-tubulin dimer in the cytoplasm. Despite their 43 importance, the mechanisms for biogenesis, maintenance, and degradation of soluble αβ-tubulin 44 dimers remain poorly understood (Tian and Cowan, 2013). 45
Adaptive view dependent tessellation of displacement maps

Displacement Mapping is an effective technique for encoding the high levels of detail found in today's triangle based surface models. Extending the hardware rendering pipeline to be capable of handling displacement maps as geometric primitives, will allow highly detailed models to be constructed without requiring large numbers of triangles to be passed from the CPU to the graphics pipeline. We present a new approach based on recursive tessellation that adapts to the surface complexity described by the displacement map. We also ensure that the resolution of the displaced mesh is tessellated with respect to the current view point. Our tessellation scheme performs all tests only on triangle edges to avoid generating cracks on the displaced surface. The main decision for vertex insertion is based on two comparisons involving the average height surrounding the vertices and the normals at the vertices. Individually, the tests will fail to tessellate a mesh satisfactorily, but their combination achieves good results. We propose several additions to the typical hardware rendering pipeline in order to achieve displacement map rendering in hardware. The mesh tessellation is placed within the rendering pipeline so that we can take advantage of the pre-existing vertex transformation units to perform the setup calculations for our view dependent test. Our method adds only simple arithmetic and comparison operations to the graphics pipeline and makes use of existing units for calculations wherever possible.
Video observations of bed form morphodynamics in a meander bend

A new optical remote sensing technique for estimating water depth from an oblique camera view is described. The water surface and the bed were imaged simultaneously to create time‐dependent maps of the water surface velocities and the bed elevations that can be used to validate numerical models at high spatial and temporal resolution. The technique was applied in a sandy meander bend at the University of Minnesota Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory Outdoor StreamLab. The root mean square differences between optical estimates of the bed and in situ observations ranged between 0.01 and 0.03 m. Mean bed form wavelength was 0.73 m and mean crest height was 0.07 m, but both varied with distance around the meander bend. Bed form classification varied with distance downstream, and sinuosity of bed forms varied with local radius of curvature. Bed form roughness scaled similarly to other natural riverine environments although wavelength and height magnitude and variability were larger than predicted by empirical formulations for straight reaches. Bed form translation rate varied between 1 and 5 mm s−1. Estimates of velocity from particle image velocimetry (PIV) on the water surface were ∼10% higher than in situ observations collected ∼0.05 m below the water surface. Using the PIV observations to drive simple equations for bed load sediment flux, we explained up to 72% of the observed variance in downstream sediment flux. The new methodology described here provides nonintrusive, high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of both the bed and the flow.
Characterization of microbial trophic structures of two anaerobic bioreactors processing sulfate-rich waste streams

A multi-compartment anaerobic bioreactor, designated the anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), did not perform well in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal after an increase in sulfate load, compared to a conventional upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The trophic structures of the bioreactors were characterized by analyzing the electron flows, formation and consumption of fermentation intermediates and terminal product (methane and hydrogen sulfide) formation. Critical performance parameters were linked to operational perturbations such as increase in sulfate load and changes in flow reversal schemes in the AMBR. Both of these manipulations affected the microbial communities, which were monitored by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis targeting the bacterial and archaeal domains. The less stable AMBR did not produce granular biomass, and in response to increased sulfate concentrations, experienced a reversal in the distribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogens that correlated with a shift in electron flow from butyrate to propionate. As this shift occurred, bacterial populations such as butyrate-producing clostridia, became predominant, thus leading to reactor imbalance. The stable UASB reactor developed and retained granules and maintained a relatively stable archaeal community. Sulfate perturbation led to the selection of a novel bacterial group (Thermotogaceae), which was most likely well adapted to the increasingly sulfidogenic conditions in the bioreactor. a 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mixed bino–wino–higgsino dark matter in gauge messenger models

Almost degenerate bino and wino masses at the weak scale constitute one of the unique features of gauge messenger models. The lightest neutralino is a mixture of bino, wino and higgsino and can produce the correct amount of dark matter density if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle. Furthermore, as a result of the squeezed spectrum of superpartners which is typical for gauge messenger models, various co-annihilation and resonance regions overlap and very often the correct amount of neutralino relic density is generated by an interplay of several processes. This feature makes the explanation of the observed amount of the dark matter density much less sensitive to fundamental parameters. We calculate the neutralino relic density assuming a thermal history and present both spin independent and spin dependent cross sections for direct detection. We also discuss phenomenological constraints from b → sγ and muon g−2 and compare results obtained using gauge messenger models to well known results for the mSUGRA scenario.
Controlled Prelithiation of Silicon Monoxide for High Performance Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Full Cells.

Despite the recent considerable progress, the reversibility and cycle life of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries are yet to be improved further to meet the commercial standards. The current major industry, instead, adopts silicon monoxide (SiOx, x ≈ 1), as this phase can accommodate the volume change of embedded Si nanodomains via the silicon oxide matrix. However, the poor Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) in the early period of cycling limit the content of SiOx, usually below 10 wt % in a composite electrode with graphite. Here, we introduce a scalable but delicate prelithiation scheme based on electrical shorting with lithium metal foil. The accurate shorting time and voltage monitoring allow a fine-tuning on the degree of prelithiation without lithium plating, to a level that the CEs in the first three cycles reach 94.9%, 95.7%, and 97.2%. The excellent reversibility enables robust full-cell operations in pairing with an emerging nickel-rich layered cathode, Li[Ni0.8Co0. 15Al0.05]O2, even at a commercial level of initial areal capacity of 2.4 mAh cm(-2), leading to a full cell energy density 1.5-times as high as that of graphite-LiCoO2 counterpart in terms of the active material weight.
patient-oriented and epidemiological research Apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese

The aim of our study was to compare apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and other lipid markers as predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese. Overall, 122 individuals developed CHD during a median 13.6 years of follow-up in 3,568 adult participants from a community-based cohort. The multivariate relative risk of CHD in the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile was 2.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–5.19] for apoB, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.00–3.92) for nonHDLC, and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.00–3.49) for LDL-C (all tests for trend, P , 0.05). ApoB also had the highest receiver operator characteristic curve area (0.63; 95% CI, 0.58–0.68) in predicting CHD. When apoB and nonHDL-C were mutually adjusted, only apoB was predictive; the relative risk was 2.80 (95% CI, 1.31–5.96; P5 0.001) compared with 1.09 (95% CI, 0.49–2.40; P 5 0.75) for nonHDL-C. Compared with the lowest risk, participants with the highest apoB and total cholesterol/HDL-C had a 3-fold increased risk of developing CHD (relative risk 5 3.21; 95% CI, 1.45–7.14). These data provide strong evidence that apoB concentration was a better predictor of CHD than other lipid markers in Chinese. —Chien, K-L. , H-C. Hsu, T-C. Su, M-F. Chen, Y-T. Lee, and F. B. Hu. Apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese. J. Lipid Res. 2007. 48: 2499–2505. Supplementary key words lipids & lipoproteins & apolipoproteins & risk factors Increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations are a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and are currently recommended as the primary target for lipid-lowering therapy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease)(1). However, recent evidence suggests that apolipoproteins, especially apolipoprotein B (apoB), may be more strongly associated with CHD incidence than LDL (2, 3). Apolipoprotein plays a role in transporting lipid particles and is considered a direct measurement of proatherogenic particles (3, 4). In addition, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C; calculated as the difference between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol), reflecting the cholesterol concentration of all atherogenic lipoproteins, has also been demonstrated to predict CHD risk (5, 6). NonHDL-C has been recommended as a target for primary prevention among patients with diabetes or high triglyceride (TG) levels (1, 7). However, the superiority of LDL-C, apoB, and nonHDL-C in predicting CHD remains unsettled (8, 9). Furthermore, to our knowledge, no previous study has directly compared the predictive capacity of these biomarkers in Asian populations. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to examine the role of apoB, nonHDL-C, and LDL-C in predicting CHD incidence among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan.
Sort-based refactoring of crosscutting concerns to aspects

Crosscutting concerns in object-oriented programming hinder evolution because of their symptoms: tangling and scattering. To benefit from the modularisation capabilities for crosscutting concerns provided by aspect-oriented programming (which prevent tangling and scattering) aspect-introducing refactoring can be used. The first step in aspect-introducing refactoring is identifying and documenting crosscutting concerns in existing code. The second step is refactoring the identified concerns to aspects. This paper describes a tool called SAIR that can perform the second step of the aspect-introducing refactoring. For the first step, documenting, SAIR uses crosscutting concern sorts. Of the various possible sorts, SAIR currently supports the two most commonly encountered ones: Role Superimposition and Consistent Behavior. The refactoring towards aspects of concerns of these sorts is illustrated on an open source application (JHotDraw).
Mutator Genes Giving Rise to Decreased Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Screening of the PA14 genomic transposon mutant library for resistance to ceftazidime, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin led to the discovery of several mutants that appeared in more than one screen. Testing of the frequency of mutation to ciprofloxacin resistance revealed previously known mutator genes, including mutS and mutL, as well as mutators that have not yet been described for P. aeruginosa, including PA3958 and RadA (PA4609).