Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MUSCLE FATIGUE OF THE NON-PARETIC LIMB ON POSTURAL CONTROL OF STROKE PATIENTS.

Since a significantly greater percentage of body weight is supported by the nonparetic limb following stroke, a greater amount of fatigue may be present during daily activities. This may affect the ability of these individuals to maintain a stable upright posture. The presence of falls following a stroke has been attributed in part to this asymmetrical stance post-stroke. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of quadriceps muscle fatigue on bi-pedal posture in individuals who had a stroke and an age-matched control group. Although individuals after stroke displayed greater postural sway under the paretic limb than the non-paretic limb or control subjects, results of this study show that sustaining an isometric knee extension of the non-paretic limb induces changes in postural control for individuals after stroke, but that these changes do not markedly differ from those of healthy age-matched controls.
A perceptual control space for garment simulation

We present a perceptual control space for simulation of cloth that works with any physical simulator, treating it as a black box. The perceptual control space provides intuitive, art-directable control over the simulation behavior based on a learned mapping from common descriptors for cloth (e.g., flowiness, softness) to the parameters of the simulation. To learn the mapping, we perform a series of perceptual experiments in which the simulation parameters are varied and participants assess the values of the common terms of the cloth on a scale. A multi-dimensional sub-space regression is performed on the results to build a perceptual generative model over the simulator parameters. We evaluate the perceptual control space by demonstrating that the generative model does in fact create simulated clothing that is rated by participants as having the expected properties. We also show that this perceptual control space generalizes to garments and motions not in the original experiments.
IMPACTO INTERGERACIONAL DA PERTURBAÇÃO MENTAL EM JOVENS COM HISTÓRIA DE VITIMAÇÃO

In Portugal, the Child Protection Services (CPS) followed 73,019 processes in 2014 alone, 1,452 more than the previous year. Portugal has the second highest prevalence of mental illness among the nine European countries evaluated; it is estimated that 42.7% of the population has at least one mental disorder throughout their life. Parental psychopathology is a risk factor for a set of seriously negative consequences in offspring, including mental health problems. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of parental mental disorder in the development of mental health among young people identified as victims of maltreatment. The sample in this study included 29 young adults aged between 18 and 25 years, identified as victims of abuse in childhood by the CPS. Our findings suggest that CPS identification of parental mental disorder statistically discriminates against these young adults in terms of general  Praceta do Vilar 2, 4710-057 Braga. E-mail:a62232@alumni.uminho. pt Sofia Ribeiro, Miguel Basto-Pereira, & Ângela Maia 75 www.sp-ps.pt psychological distress and a set of Brief Symptom Inventory dimensions. Despite the detection of parental mental disorders and CPS intervention into families, mental health consequences were identified five years later. This study provides a set of politic recommendations on the protection of children and youth.
The globular clusters–stellar haloes connection in early-type galaxies

This paper explores if, and to what an extent, the stellar populations of early-type galaxies can be traced through the colour distribution of their globular cluster (GC) systems. The analysis, based on a galaxy sample from the Virgo Advanced Camera for Surveys data, is an extension of a previous approach that has been successful in the cases of the giant ellipticals NGC 1399 and NGC 4486, and assumes that the two dominant GC populations form along diffuse stellar populations sharing the cluster chemical abundances and spatial distributions. The results show that (a) integrated galaxy colours can be matched to within the photometric uncertainties and are consistent with a narrow range of ages; (b) the inferred mass to luminosity ratios and stellar masses are within the range of values available in the literature; (c) most GC systems occupy a thick plane in the volume space defined by the cluster formation efficiency, total stellar mass and projected surface mass density. The formation efficiency parameter of the red clusters shows a dependency with projected stellar mass density that is absent for the blue globulars. In turn, the brightest galaxies appear clearly detached from that plane as a possible consequence of major past mergers; (d) the stellar mass-metallicity relation is relatively shallow but shows a slope change at M * ≈ 10 10 M ⊙ . Galaxies with smaller stellar masses show predominantly unimodal GC colour distributions. This result may indicate that less massive galaxies are not able to retain chemically enriched interstellar matter.
Tissue and intracellular distribution of rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase in ruminants and birds.

Cyanide detoxification is catalysed by two enzymes: rhodanese [thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase, E.C. 2.8. 1.1], and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase [3-MST, EC. 2.8. 1.2]. In the present work, the activity of the two enzymes in the crude extracts of different tissues and in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of tissues from some ruminants (camels, cattle and sheep) and birds (chickens and pigeons) have been compared. Rhodanese activity was almost exclusively present in the mitochondrial fraction. In ruminants and chickens the highest activity of rhodanese was found in the liver, followed by the kidney. In pigeons, however, the enzyme activity was the highest in the kidneys. In camels' tissues, the rhodanese activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in cattle or sheep, and the enzyme activities in the two latter species were similar. The activity of 3-MST in the crude extract of tissues from camels was similar to that in sheep, but higher than that in cattle. The enzyme activity was equally distributed between the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions in the liver and kidneys of camels, cattle and sheep.
Electronic structure and physical properties of early transition metal mononitrides: Density-functional theory LDA, GGA, and screened-exchange LDA FLAPW calculations

The desirable physical properties of hardness, high temperature stability, and conductivity make the early transition metal nitrides important materials for various technological applications. To learn more about the nature of these materials, first-principles density-functional theory calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the local-density approximation (LDA) and with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been performed. We investigate the bulk electronic and physical properties of a series of early transition metal mononitrides, namely, those formed with 3d metals (ScN, TiN, VN), 4d metals (YN, ZrN, NbN), and 5d metals (LaN, HfN, TaN) in the rocksalt structure. In particular, lattice constants, bulk moduli, heats of formation, and cohesive energies as well as bulk band structures and densities of states are reported, and trends discussed. We find that the GGA yields 1%\char21{}2% larger lattice constants, 10%\char21{}20% smaller bulk moduli, and 10%\char21{}30% lower heats of formation compared to the LDA. The GGA slightly overestimates lattice constants, but leads overall to an improved agreement with experiment compared to the LDA, for which the values are too small. These materials are metallic with the exception of ScN, YN, and LaN, which appear to be semimetals within the LDA (and GGA), but are in fact semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 1.58, 0.85, and 0.75 eV, respectively, as revealed by calculations performed using the screened-exchange LDA approach. These last, relatively unexplored, refractory III-V nitrides may therefore have potential use in device applications; in particular, ScN is well lattice matched to GaN, a wide-band-gap semiconductor that is of great current interest in relation to optoelectronic devices, and high temperature and high power electronic applications.
A Defense of Contemporary Economics: John Quiggin’s Zombie Economics in Review

This is a review essay on John Quiggin’s book, Zombie Economics: How Dead Ideas Still Walk Among Us, and also serves as a general defense of contemporary economic ideas and methods. The financial crisis has engendered much criticism of the economics profession, and of macroeconomists in particular. Some of that criticism is justified, but a good
Ketamine and plasma catecholamines.

Changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma catecholamine levels during induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 2 mg/kg were studied in 13 adults and 12 children. Six adults and 6 children received only ketamine, whereas in 7 adults and 6 children ketamine was followed by suxamethonium 1 mg/kg, intubation and nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture. Both kinds of induction caused a rise in the systolic blood pressure, which amounted to 40–50 mm Hg in adults and to about 20 mm Hg in children. The only significant increase in total plasma catecholamine levels (about 50 per cent above resting level) occurred 2 minutes after ketamine-suxamethonium induction in adults. The increase was due to both noradrenaline and adrenaline. The results suggest that the ketamine-induced pressure response in man may be partly due to sympathetic stimulation.
The Effects of Psycho-Emotional and Socio-Economic Support for Tuberculosis Patients on Treatment Adherence and Treatment Outcomes – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background There is uncertainty about the contribution that social support interventions (SSI) can have in mitigating the personal, social and economic costs of tuberculosis (TB) treatment on patients, and improving treatment outcomes. Objective To identify psycho-emotional (PE) and socio-economic (SE) interventions provided to TB patients and to assess the effects of these interventions on treatment adherence and treatment outcomes. Search strategy We searched PubMed and Embase from 1 January 1990–15 March 2015 and abstracts of the Union World Conference on Lung Health from 2010–2014 for studies reporting TB treatment adherence and treatment outcomes following SSI. Selection criteria Studies measuring the effects of PE or SE interventions on TB treatment adherence, treatment outcomes, and/or financial burden. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently assessed titles and abstracts for inclusion of articles. One reviewer reviewed full text articles and the reference list of selected studies. A second reviewer double checked all extracted information against the articles. Main results Twenty-five studies were included in the qualitative analysis; of which eighteen were included in the meta-analysis. Effects were pooled from 11 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), including 9,655 participants with active TB. Meta-analysis showed that PE support (RR 1.37; CI 1.08–1.73), SE support (RR 1.08; CI 1.03–1.13) and combined PE and SE support (RR 1.17; CI 1.12–1.22) were associated with a significant improvement of successful treatment outcomes. Also PE support, SE support and a combination of these types of support were associated with reductions in unsuccessful treatment outcomes (PE: RR 0.46; CI 0.22–0.96, SE: RR 0.78; CI 0.69–0.88 and Combined PE and SE: RR 0.42; CI 0.23–0.75). Evidence on the effect of PE and SE interventions on treatment adherence were not meta-analysed because the interventions were too heterogeneous to pool. No evidence was found to show whether SE reduced the financial burden for TB patients. Discussion and Conclusions Our review and meta-analysis concluded that PE and SE interventions are associated with beneficial effects on TB treatment outcomes. However, the quality of evidence is very low and future well-designed evaluation studies are needed.
Administración de Variabilidad en una línea de producto de software basada en modelos Variability Management in a Model-Driven Software Product Line T

—La administración de variabilidad en una línea de producto tiene dos retos fundamentales: (1) la expresión de las características comunes y variables de la línea, y (2) la construcción de aplicaciones que incluyan las características comunes, y un subconjunto de las características variables. En este artículo presentamos una propuesta para administrar la variabilidad durante el proceso de construcción de Software Product Lines (SPLs) usando un enfoque de construcción de líneas de producto basado en modelos (MD-SPL). Para esto separamos conceptos relacionados con SPLs en diferentes dominios y construimos como activos de la línea modelos de rasgos, metamodelos y tres tipos de reglas de transformación para transformar modelos de un dominio origen a diferentes (variables) modelos en un dominio destino. Las reglas nos permiten generar incrementalmente las aplicaciones de acuerdo con una selección de rasgos realizada para cada dominio destino.
The Number and Organization of Ca2+ Channels in the Active Zone Shapes Neurotransmitter Release from Schaffer Collateral Synapses

Fast synaptic transmission requires tight colocalization of Ca2+ channels and neurotransmitter vesicles. It is generally thought that Ca2+ channels are expressed abundantly in presynaptic active zones, that vesicles within the same active zone have similar release properties, and that significant vesicle depletion only occurs at synapses with high release probability. Here we show, at excitatory CA3→CA1 synapses in mouse hippocampus, that release from individual vesicles is generally triggered by only one Ca2+ channel and that only few functional Ca2+ channels may be spread in the active zone at variable distances to neighboring neurotransmitter vesicles. Using morphologically realistic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that this arrangement leads to a widely heterogeneous distribution of release probability across the vesicles docked at the active zone, and that depletion of the vesicles closest to Ca2+ channels can account for the Ca2+ dependence of short-term plasticity at these synapses. These findings challenge the prevailing view that efficient synaptic transmission requires numerous presynaptic Ca2+ channels in the active zone, and indicate that the relative arrangement of Ca2+ channels and vesicles contributes to the heterogeneity of release probability within and across synapses and to vesicle depletion at small central synapses with low average release probability.
Estimating Marginal Returns to Education

This paper estimates marginal returns to college for individuals induced to enroll in college by different marginal policy changes. The recent instrumental variables literature seeks to estimate this parameter, but in general it does so only under strong assumptions that are tested and found wanting. We show how to utilize economic theory and local instrumental variables estimators to estimate the effect of marginal policy changes. Our empirical analysis shows that returns are higher for individuals with values of unobservables that make them more likely to attend college. We contrast our estimates with IV estimates of the return to schooling.
The Economic Value of Volatility Timing Using 'Realized' Volatility

Recent work suggests that intradaily returns can be used to construct estimates of daily return volatility that are more precise than those constructed using daily returns. We measure the economic value of this "realized" volatility approach in the context of investment decisions. Our results indicate that the value of switching from daily to intradaily returns to estimate the conditional covariance matix can be substantial. We estimate that a risk-averse investor would be willing to pay 50 to 200 basis points per year to capture the observed gains in portfolio performance. Moreover,these gains are robust to transaction costs, estimation risk regarding expected returns, and the performance measurement horizon.
Employing EM and Pool-Based Active Learning for Text Classification

This paper shows how a text classi(cid:12)er's need for labeled training documents can be reduced by taking advantage of a large pool of unlabeled documents. We modify the Query-by-Committee (QBC) method of active learning to use the unlabeled pool for explicitly estimating document density when selecting examples for labeling. Then active learning is combined with Expectation-Maximization in order to \(cid:12)ll in" the class labels of those documents that remain unlabeled. Experimental results show that the improvements to active learning require less than two-thirds as many labeled training examples as previous QBC approaches, and that the combination of EM and active learning requires only slightly more than half as many labeled training examples to achieve the same accuracy as either the improved active learning or EM alone.
Probing dark energy with baryonic oscillations and future radio surveys of neutral hydrogen

Current surveys may be on the verge of measuring the baryonic oscillations in the galaxy power spectrum, which are clearly seen imprinted on the cosmic microwave background. It has recently been proposed that these oscillations allow a 'standard ruler' method of probing the equation of state of dark energy. In this paper we present a new calculation of the number of galaxies future radio telescopes will detect in surveys of the sky in neutral hydrogen (H 1). We estimate the likely statistical errors if the standard ruler method were to be applied to such surveys. We emphasize uncertainties in our calculations, and pinpoint the most important features of future H I surveys if they are to provide new constraints on dark energy via baryonic oscillations. Designs of future radio telescopes are required to have a large bandwidth (characterized by beta, the ratio of the instantaneous bandwidth to the bandwidth required by survey) and to have the widest instantaneous (1.4 GHz) field of view (FOV) possible. Given the expected sensitivity of a future Square Kilometre Array (SKA), given that half of its collecting area will be concentrated in a core of diameter similar to 5 km, and given a reasonable survey duration (T-0 similar to 1 yr), we show that there will be negligible shot noise on a power spectrum derived from H I galaxies out to redshift z similar or equal to 1.5. To access the largest cosmic volume possible by surveying all the sky available, we argue that beta, T-0 and FOV must obey the relation beta FOV T-0 greater than or similar to 10 deg(2) yr. A similar to 1-yr SKA survey would then contain greater than or similar to 10(9)(f(sky)/0.5) H I galaxies and provide constraints on the dark energy parameter w of order Delta w similar or equal to 0.01 (f(sky)/0.5)(-0.5), where f(sky) is the fraction of the whole sky observed.
Infrared Observations of Nebular Emission Lines from Galaxies at z ≃ 3

We present the first results from a program of near-infrared spectroscopy aimed at studying the familiar rest-frame optical emission lines from the H II regions of Lyman break galaxies at z ≃ 3. By targeting redshifts that bring the lines of interest into gaps between the strong OH sky emission, we have been successful in detecting Balmer and [O III] emission lines in all five galaxies observed so far with CGS4 on UKIRT. The typical line fluxes are a few times 10-17 ergs s-1 cm-2, approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than the limits reached with wide-field narrowband imaging surveys. For a Salpeter initial mass function and a H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1, q0 = 0.1 cosmology, the Hβ luminosities uncorrected for dust extinction imply star formation rates of 20-270 M☉ yr-1; these values are greater than those that may have been deduced from the ultraviolet continuum luminosities at 1500 Å by factors of between ~0.7 and ~7. Uncertainties in the shape of the reddening curve and in the intrinsic UV continuum slope do not yet allow us to assess accurately the level of dust extinction; however, on the basis of the present limited sample, it appears that an extinction of 1-2 mag at 1500 Å may be typical of Lyman break galaxies. This value is consistent with recent estimates of dust obscuration in star-forming galaxies at z ≤ 1 and does not require a substantial revision of the broad picture of star formation over the Hubble time proposed by Madau and coworkers in 1996. In four out of five cases the velocity dispersion of the emission line gas is σ ≃ 70 km s-1, while in the fifth the line widths are nearly three times larger. Virial masses Mvir ≈ (1-5) × 1010 M☉ are suggested, but both velocities and masses could be higher, because our observations are only sensitive to the brightest cores of these systems where the line widths may not sample the full gravitational potential. The relative redshifts of interstellar absorption, nebular emission, and Lyα emission lines differ by several hundred km s-1 and suggest that large-scale outflows may be a common characteristic of Lyman break galaxies. The forthcoming availability of high-resolution infrared spectrographs on large telescopes will soon allow all of these questions to be addressed in much greater detail.
Real-time edge detection for automated fibre-mat stitching

We present a closed process chain for robotic sewing from CAD design to the component model to realize a lot-size-one production. To achieve a better solidity and durability of two overlapping carbon fibre layers, an automated fibre mat stitching system was developed. At the moment, the stitching path is predefined and inflexible to minor changes. To enable a more flexible autonomous stitching process than given through teach-in programming, sensors are used to calculate the difference between the CAD sewing track and the actually required stitching position. The application of the sensor guided stitching process makes it possible for the robot to handle inaccuracies during inlaying of the fibre mats into the form autonomously. Additionally, possible obstacles and mat-ends are detected to realize a stable stitching process.
Conceptually Mapping the European Union: A Demoi-cratic Analysis

Abstract This article identifies demoi-cracy as the most robust category for understanding the European Union, and three tasks are undertaken to contribute towards this conceptualisation. First, it is explained how demoi-cracy differs from other popular categories that have been used to describe the EU and why it stands out as the most accurate. Second, contrary to the view that places demoi-cracy in contrast to political systems existing with a singular demos, it is argued that this concept is best understood as being capable of capturing cases where a weaker demos exists alongside strong sovereign demoi. Finally, the idea of demoi-cracy is broken into two further concepts (deep diversity and dual compound regime) and elaborated upon at length with a view to further specifying the nature of the EU.
Estimating nutritional value from food images based on semantic segmentation

Estimating the nutritional value of food based on image recognition is important to health support services employing mobile devices. The estimation accuracy can be improved by recognizing regions of food objects and ingredients contained in those regions. In this paper, we propose a method that estimates nutritional information based on segmentation and labeling of food regions of an image by adopting a semantic segmentation method, in which we consider recipes as corresponding sets of food images and ingredient labels. Any food object or ingredient in a test food image can be annotated as long as the ingredient is contained in a training food image, even if the menu containing the food image appears for the first time. Experimental results show that better estimation is achieved through regression analysis using ingredient labels associated with the segmented regions than when using the local feature of pixels as the predictor variable.