Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection

Decision scientists have identified various plausible sources of ideological polarization over climate change, gun violence, national security, and like issues that turn on empirical evidence. This paper describes a study of three of them: the predominance of heuristic-driven information processing by members of the public; ideologically motivated reasoning; and the cognitive-style correlates of political conservativism. The study generated both observational and experimental data inconsistent with the hypothesis that political conservatism is distinctively associated with either unreflective thinking or motivated reasoning. Conservatives did no better or worse than liberals on the Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick, 2005), an objective measure of information-processing dispositions associated with cognitive biases. In addition, the study found that ideologically motivated reasoning is not a consequence of over-reliance on heuristic or intuitive forms of reasoning generally. On the contrary, subjects who scored highest in cognitive reflection were the most likely to display ideologically motivated cognition. These findings corroborated an alternative hypothesis, which identifies ideologically motivated cognition as a form of information processing that promotes individuals’ interests in forming and maintaining beliefs that signify their loyalty to important affinity groups. The paper discusses the practical significance of these findings, including the need to develop science communication strategies that shield policy-relevant facts from the influences that turn them into divisive symbols of political identity.
Interaction of Dietary Fatty Acids with Tumour Necrosis Factor Family Cytokines during Colon Inflammation and Cancer

Intestinal homeostasis is precisely regulated by a number of endogenous regulatory molecules but significantly influenced by dietary compounds. Malfunction of this system may result in chronic inflammation and cancer. Dietary essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and short-chain fatty acid butyrate produced from fibre display anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Both compounds were shown to modulate the production and activities of TNF family cytokines. Cytokines from the TNF family (TNF-α, TRAIL, and FasL) have potent inflammatory activities and can also regulate apoptosis, which plays an important role in cancer development. The results of our own research showed enhancement of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by a combination of either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate with TNF family cytokines, especially by promotion of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and modulation of NFκB activity. This review is focused mainly on the interaction of dietary PUFAs and butyrate with these cytokines during colon inflammation and cancer development. We summarised recent knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such effects and outcomes for intestinal cell behaviour and pathologies. Finally, the possible application for the prevention and therapy of colon inflammation and cancer is also outlined.
A Novel S100 Target Conformation Is Revealed by the Solution Structure of the Ca2+-S100B-TRTK-12 Complex*

The Alzheimer-linked neural protein S100B is a signaling molecule shown to control the assembly of intermediate filament proteins in a calcium-sensitive manner. Upon binding calcium, a conformational change occurs in S100B exposing a hydrophobic surface for target protein interactions. The synthetic peptide TRTK-12 (TRTKIDWNKILS), derived from random bacteriophage library screening, bears sequence similarity to several intermediate filament proteins and has the highest calcium-dependent affinity of any target molecule for S100B to date (K d <1 μm). In this work, the three-dimensional structure of the Ca2+-S100B-TRTK-12 complex has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure reveals an extended, contiguous hydrophobic surface is formed on Ca2+-S100B for target interaction. The TRTK-12 peptide adopts a coiled structure that fits into a portion of this surface, anchored at Trp7, and interacts with multiple hydrophobic contacts in helices III and IV of Ca2+-S100B. This interaction is strikingly different from the α-helical structures found for other S100 target peptides. By using the TRTK-12 interaction as a guide, in combination with other available S100 target structures, a recognition site on helix I is identified that may act in concert with the TRTK-12-binding site from helices III and IV. This would provide a larger, more complex site to interact with full-length target proteins and would account for the promiscuity observed for S100B target protein interactions.
Critical psychology : an introduction

PART ONE: CRITICAL OVERVIEWS Introducing Critical Psychology - Isaac Prilleltensky and Dennis Fox Values, Assumptions and the Status Quo Repoliticizing the History of Psychology - Benjamin Harris Qualitative Inquiry in Psychology - Louise H Kidder and Michelle Fine A Radical Tradition Ethics in Psychology - Laura S Brown Cui Bono? Understanding and Practicing Critical Psychology - David Nightingale and Tor Neilands PART TWO: CRITICAL ARENAS Theories of Personality - Tod Sloan Ideology and Beyond Abnormal and Clinical Psychology - Rachel T Hare-Mustin and Jeanne Marecek The Politics of Madness A Critical Look at Intelligence Research - Zack Z Cernovsky Developmental Psychology and Its Discontents - Erica Burman Social Psychology - S Mark Pancer The Crisis Continues Community Psychology - Isaac Prilleltensky and Geoffrey Nelson Reclaiming Social Justice Cross-Cultural Psychology - Fathali M Moghaddam and Charles Studer The Frustrated Gadfly's Promises, Potentialities and Failures Lesbian and Gay Psychology - Celia Kitzinger A Critical Analysis Psychology and Law - Dennis Fox Justice Diverted Political Psychology - Maritza Montero A Critical Perspective PART THREE: CRITICAL THEORIES Feminist Psychology - Sue Wilkinson Critical Theory, Postmodernism and Hermeneutics - Frank C Richardson and Blaine J Fowers Insights for Critical Psychology Discursive Psychology - Ian Parker PART FOUR: CRITICAL REFLECTIONS A Critical Look at Critical Psychology - Julian Rappaport and Eric Stewart Elaborating the Questions
SATISFACTION, CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS, AND PERFORMANCE IN WORK UNITS: A META‐ANALYSIS OF COLLECTIVE CONSTRUCT RELATIONS

This paper offers theoretical development clarifying the structure and function of collective job satisfaction and uses meta-analytic methods (k = 73) to examine the satisfaction–performance relationship when both constructs are construed at the work unit level. Overall, our results suggest that the relationship between unit-level job satisfaction and unit-level performance is significant (ρ= .34). Specifically, significant relationships were found between unit-level job satisfaction and unit-level criteria, including productivity, customer satisfaction, withdrawal, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Furthermore, the satisfaction-performance relationship was moderated by the strength of unit consensus, performance criteria, industry type, and whether the sample was U.S. based. Although these moderators were identified, collective satisfaction positively predicted performance across all levels of moderators. In addition, results indicate that unit-level OCB has a moderately strong relationship with unit-level performance. Only limited support was found for the notion that OCB is a route through which satisfaction has an impact on performance. We elaborate on these findings and attempt to provide a more clear direction for future research in this area.
Effects of an Environmental Educator Training Workshop on Environmental Knowledge, Awareness, and Teaching Self-Efficacy

﻿Efforts to expand the depth and scope of environmental education (EE) programs that help children connect with nature often depend on the preparation and development of skilled environmental educators. However, the impact of professional development on aspiring EE teachers has not been adequately explored. This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the effects of EE training on elementary school teachers in Athens, GA. Survey data analysis showed that, relative to a control group, workshop participants displayed a significant increase in knowledge and awareness regarding specific environmental topics. Knowledge and awareness related to broader, more general concepts were difficult to change. Interview analysis suggested that the training helped build teachers’ self-efficacy and increased their willingness to try EE activities in the classroom. Future EE training programs that target EE knowledge and awareness could facilitate the development of environmental literacy and promote teaching self-efficacy that translates into effective EE instruction.
Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Ameliorates Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Steatosis in Zucker Fatty Rats

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of egg white hydrolysates on obesity-related disorders, with a focus on lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, in Zucker fatty rats. Obese Zucker rats received water, pepsin egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) or Rhizopus aminopeptidase egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received water. Body weight, solid and liquid intakes were weekly measured. At the end of the study, urine, faeces, different organs and blood samples were collected. The consumption of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin significantly decreased the epididymal adipose tissue, improved hepatic steatosis, and lowered plasmatic concentration of free fatty acids in the obese animals. It also decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduced oxidative stress. Pepsin egg white hydrolysate could be used as a tool to improve obesity-related complications.
Using the cognitive interview with adults with mild learning disabilities

Abstract Forty-seven adults with mild learning disabilities (mild intellectual disabilities) attending day-centres and thirty-eight adults from the general population viewed a videorecording of an accident. A day later the participants were interviewed using either a cognitive interview (CI) or a structured interview (SI, a control interview). Compared with their counterparts with learning disabilities, adults from the general population recalled more correct information and made fewer confabulations about persons and objects. Nevertheless, the type of interview had an impact. For both groups, the CI was more effective than the SI in enhancing recall although, for the ‘learning disabilities’ group, the CI also produced a disproportionate increase in the reporting of person confabulations. All the same, the accuracy ratios were similar across interview types (80% for the CI and 82% for the SI). It is suggested that the CI could be helpful in assisting people with learning disabilities to provide informatio.
Toward an Instructionally Oriented Theory of Example-Based Learning

Learning from examples is a very effective means of initial cognitive skill acquisition. There is an enormous body of research on the specifics of this learning method. This article presents an instructionally oriented theory of example-based learning that integrates theoretical assumptions and findings from three research areas: learning from worked examples, observational learning, and analogical reasoning. This theory has descriptive and prescriptive elements. The descriptive subtheory deals with (a) the relevance and effectiveness of examples, (b) phases of skill acquisition, and (c) learning processes. The prescriptive subtheory proposes instructional principles that make full exploitation of the potential of example-based learning possible.
Applied sport psychology consultant perceptions of the usefulness and impacts of performance profiling

Despite the apparent widespread use of Butler and Hardy's (1992) performance profiling procedure (Doyle & Parfitt, 1999), there is limited research detailing the benefits that can accrue from its use. Hence, the present investigation sought to provide an evaluation of sport psychologists' perceptions of the usefulness and impacts of performance profiling. Fifty-six British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences accredited sport psychologists completed a closed survey detailing their perceptions of the usefulness and benefits associated with the production of an individual athlete performance profile within a group setting. Descriptive analysis revealed that consultants believed profiling to be useful in providing a basis for goal setting, identifying strengths and weaknesses, raising athlete awareness, evaluating and monitoring athlete performance, and in facilitating discussion, communication and interaction within teams.This brief report argues that further research is needed to empirically evaluate the usefulness of profiling in order that its frequent use can be fully justified.
Planning for 'drift'?: implementation process of enterprise resource planning systems

This paper reports the findings of a large-scale case study of implementing enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) in a long-established multinational company within the telecommunication sector. The company has recently streamlined its operations through an ambitious business process redesign initiative and introduced an ERP system. The study examines the process of change enacted during the implementation of the ERP system over time. The findings indicate that much of the changes emerged as the project team sought to improvise technological features and changes to the context of use to overcome embedded constraints in the existing system, organizational context and in the ERP system itself. The team also took advantage of evolving capabilities and emerging opportunities to continuously enact changes as an ongoing process of project life. The paper argues that the process of technology-related change may be seen as a form of a 'drift' involving a series of purposeful actions with unplanned outcomes.
Random Coefficient Panel Data Models

This paper provides a review of linear panel data models with slope heterogeneity, introduces various types of random coefficients models and suggest a common framework for dealing with them. It considers the fundamental issues of statistical inference of a random coefficients formulation using both the sampling and Bayesian approaches. The paper also provides a review of heterogeneous dynamic panels, testing for homogeneity under weak exogeneity, simultaneous equation random coefficient models, and the more recent developments in the area of cross-sectional dependence in panel data models.
Efficacy of third-line pemetrexed monotherapy versus pemetrexed combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to observe the effects of different treatment strategies, including third-line pemetrexed alone versus its combination with bevacizumab, in patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma, and to analyze the effects of the different medication orders of first- and second-line drugs on third-line efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and sixteen cases of patients with EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma who had received third-line pemetrexed alone or in combination with bevacizumab between March 2010 and March 2014 at Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, all the patients were treated with first-line gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy and second-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or with first-line EGFR-TKI and second-line GP chemotherapy. RESULTS The median survival of 61 cases with third-line pemetrexed monotherapy was 36.22 months, the median survival time of 55 cases with third-line pemetrexed plus bevacizumab was 38.76 months, and there was a significant difference in survival time between the two groups (P=0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that among the 55 cases with third-line bevacizumab plus pemetrexed treatment, the median survival of 29 patients with first-line GP and second-line EGFR-TKI was 42.80 months, while the median survival of 26 patients with first-line EGFR-TKI and second-line GP was only 34.46 months; additionally, there was a significant difference in the survival time between the two subgroups (P=0.001). Among 61 cases with third-line pemetrexed treatment, the median survival of 34 patients with first-line GP and second-line EGFR-TKI was 38.72 months, while the median survival of 27 patients with first-line EGFR-TKI and second-line GP was only 32.94 months; the survival time of the two subgroups was significantly different (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the order of the first- and second-line chemotherapy and TKI therapy, the pemetrexed plus bevacizumab regimen was superior to the pemetrexed monotherapy as the third-line therapy in patients with advanced EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma. However, this strategy is worth further investigation in prospective studies.
Disability in activities of daily living: patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability.

OBJECTIVES This paper examines longitudinal data over 6 years to evaluate incidence rates of disability and the pattern of dependency in activities of daily living. METHODS The Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 5151) was used to evaluate incidence of disability in activities of daily living; biennial interview data from 1984 through 1990 were used. The median age to disability onset for individual activities was estimated from survival analysis. A prevalent ordering of incident disability was identified from patterns of disability onset within individuals. RESULTS The progression of incident disability among the elderly supported by longitudinal data, based on both the ordering of median ages to disability onset and patterns of incident disability, was as follows: walking, bathing, transferring, dressing, toileting, feeding. Gender differences were found in disability incidence rates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a mathematical picture of physical functioning as people age. These findings, based on longitudinal data, indicate a different hierarchical structure of disability than found in previous reports using cross-sectional data. Furthermore, the study documents gender differences in incident impairment, which indicate that although women outlive men, they spend more time in a disabled state.
Conservation in Sustainable‐Use Tropical Forest Reserves

trialspecies,therelativemeritsofdifferentapproachesto ensure the long-term persistence of those species remain highly contentious. Most would agree, however, that both establishing protected areas and exercising some form of restraint on extraction of forest resources are among the most effective of all viable conservation measures. Deforestation, wildfires, logging, and hunting are among the leading drivers of species losses in tropical forests, and de facto or de jure protection from these threats can be conferred by either effective enforcement of regulations or physical remoteness. Attempts to assess conservation success of protected areasatlargescaleshaverestedprimarilyonconventional use of remote sensing to quantify spatial or temporal differences in rates of change in land cover due to deforestation and wildfires, rather than on empirical demographic or community-level metrics (Gaston et al. 2008). Q2 However, the former approaches fail to detect most types of subcanopy anthropogenic disturbances that also result, directly or indirectly, in species losses (Peres et al. 2006). Moreover, the effects of habitat loss and degradation on population extirpations and declines are nonlinear, so vegetation cover alone is rarely a robust proxy for the viability of terrestrial biotas. Remotesensing data show vast tracts of apparently intact tropical forests, but in reality levels of hunting and other forms of extraction in these areas are often unsustainable (Peres & Lake 2003). Fundamental questions yet to be answered include whether ostensibly intact protected areas retain full complements of forest species and how the extent of cryptic patterns of disturbance is related to human population density in both protected and unprotected areas. I considered the global to regional emergence of sustainable-use reserves, emphasizing the world’s largest tropical forest region, Amazonia. Sustainable-use reserves often have intermediate levels of disturbance, so I examined the degree of use of natural resources by resident communities and used human population density as a proxy for level of extraction. In both protected and unprotected areas, I also estimated responses of game vertebrate assemblages to hunting on the basis of the relative biomassextractedfromasubsetoftheforestfauna.Iused analysesofcovariance(ANCOVA)toexaminetheassociationbetweenhumandensityandgamebiomassharvested across different reserve categories. Finally, I considered the long-term capacity of sustainable-use forest reserves to maintain populations of all resident species.
Keeping students! : motivational drivers of trainee educational professionals in a further education college

This thesis has the aim of defining the features of an effective learning environment. Success in higher education leads to advantages beyond the qualification; strategies that address the challenge of attrition may result in personal and community benefit. This thesis examines the extent to which belonging to a community of practice influences motivation and learning. Social constructivist philosophy requires a qualitative interpretive approach to data gathering to capture the lived and living learning experience. Respondents studied the Diploma in Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector and the Foundation Degree in Learning Support. Data arose from episodic semi-structured interviews, a blog, group interviews and an on-line survey. Results demonstrated that: i) students experienced fluctuation in their day-today motivation; ii) most students developed a sense of belonging based on a shared understanding of experience; iii) some students drew on existing features of their previous successful selves to enable their success. This research contributes two key findings: i) e-motivation describes the use of e-communication tools to motivate; ii) a new model of proximal ethnography acknowledges the significance of shared identity, of being ‘inside-out-inside’ the research. The reflexive nature of proximal ethnography sees commonalities in research rather than any dissociation between the research question and the researcher. These results could be applied to teaching practice by improving students’ preparedness for study through normalising feelings of instability in motivation. In addition, students could be supported to reflect on past accomplishments in order to help them succeed. Finally, this research offers the opportunity to evaluate the model of proximal ethnography, to allow the concept to be offered as a new research method with conviction.