Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autocrine prolactin as a promotor of mammary tumour growth

Prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in normal growth, development and differentiation of the mammary gland. Indeed, strong evidence suggests that the development of alveolar cells requires not only oestradiol and progesterone, but also PRL. In vitro, PRL has mitogenic activity on normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (reviewed in Das & Vonderhaar, 1997). In vivo, PRL also seems to be involved in such proliferative activity, although it is more difficult to distinguish the role of PRL from the influence of the hormonal milieu (Das & Vonderhaar, 1997). This physiological role of PRL in lobular development of the mammary gland is supported by results obtained from mice deficient for PRL (Horseman et al. 1997) or for its receptor (PRLR) (Ormandy et al. 1997). Although the infertility of females homozygous for the deletion of the PRLR gene (PRLR−/−) can be partially reversed by restoring progesterone levels close to normal, their mammary gland fails to differentiate during pregnancy, leading to lactation failure (Binart et al. 2000). In addition, heterozygous mice (PRLR+/−), who have half normal receptor levels, show impaired mammary gland development and fail to lactate following their first pregnancy, clearly indicating that signals mediated by the PRL/PRLR interaction have to achieve a certain level to permit mammary gland differentiation and lactation (Kelly et al. 2002). Since the pioneering work of Topper (Topper, 1970), who observed that PRL was necessary to induce casein synthesis, our understanding of the mechanism of such induction has greatly expanded. PRL appears to be the primary hormone involved in this activity, although other hormones such as insulin and glucocorticoids are also required for lactation.
Integrative action in the cat's lateral geniculate body

Abstract : Cells were recorded with tungsten electrodes in the dorsal lateral geniculate body of the cat. Receptive fields of these units were mapped out, in the light-adapted state, with small sports of light. In their general arrangement geniculate receptive fields resembled those of retinal ganglion cells, having an excitatory ('on') centre and inhibitory ('off') preriphery, or reverse. The two portions of a receptive field were mutually antagonistic; the decrease in centre responses cauded by inclusion of peripheral portions of receptive fields was termed peripheral suppression. Cells recorded in layers A and B of the lateral geniculate body were driven from the contralateral eye; cells in layer A1 from the ipsilateral eye. In penetrations normal to the layers receptive fields of cells in a single layer were close together or superimposed, and from one layer to the next occupied exactly homologous positions in the two retinas. Binocular interaction was not observed in any of the cells studied. All three layers of the lateral geniculate contained both 'on'-centre and 'off'-centre units. Cells in layers A and A1 were similar both in their firing patterns and in average receptive field size. Cells in layer B were more sluggish in their responses to light stimuli, and tended to have larger receptive field centres. Cells with receptive fields within or near the area centralis tended to have smaller field centres and stronger suppression by the receptive field periphery than cells with their fields situated in more peripheral regions of the retina.
Telemetry pill versus rectal and esophageal temperature during extreme rates of exercise-induced core temperature change

Core temperature measurement with an ingestible telemetry pill has been scarcely investigated during extreme rates of temperature change, induced by short high-intensity exercise in the heat. Therefore, nine participants performed a protocol of rest, (sub)maximal cycling and recovery at 30 °C. The pill temperature (Tpill) was compared with the rectal temperature (Tre) and esophageal temperature (Tes). Tpill corresponded well to Tre during the entire trial, but deviated considerably from Tes during the exercise and recovery periods. During maximal exercise, the average ΔTpill−Tre and ΔTpill−Tes were 0.13 ± 0.26 and −0.57 ± 0.53 °C, respectively. The response time from the start of exercise, the rate of change during exercise and the peak temperature were similar for Tpill and Tre. Tes responded 5 min earlier, increased more than twice as fast and its peak value was 0.42 ± 0.46 °C higher than Tpill. In conclusion, also during considerable temperature changes at a very high rate, Tpill is still a representative of Tre. The extent of the deviation in the pattern and peak values between Tpill and Tes (up to >1 °C) strengthens the assumption that Tpill is unsuited to evaluate central blood temperature when body temperatures change rapidly.
INCORPORATING COGNITIVE STYLES IN AHA ! ( THE ADAPTIVE HYPERMEDIA ARCHITECTURE )

Adaptive educational hypermedia environments use properties of the application domain (e.g. conceptual structure of a course, with prerequisite relationships) to perform adaptation based on the users browsing behaviour. This paper adds the idea of including cognitive styles in the adaptation decisions. Research on cognitive styles suggests that taking the styles into account can significantly influence a users performance in an educational hypermedia system. AHA! provides a general-purpose Web-based adaptive environment. It allows to adapt the content of the webpages shown to the individual users and the links on these pages on the basis of arbitrary user characteristics such as (perceived) knowledge, interest or preferences. This paper describes how to incorporate cognitive styles in AHA! We apply recommendations from existing research on the design of hypermedia systems aiming at providing adaptation to cognitive styles. The main objectives we want to achieve are: (1) avoiding the questionnaires for identifying cognitive styles and instead trying to infer aspects of a users cognitive style by observing his browsing behavior, (2) providing the designers with the ability to associate different teaching strategies with particular cognitive styles which they want to take into account for their adaptive applications.
Asymmetric Price Adjustment in the Small

Analyzing a large weekly retail transaction price dataset, we uncover a surprising regularity'small price increases occur more frequently than small price decreases for price changes of up to about 10 cents, while there is no such asymmetry for larger price changes. The asymmetry holds for the entire sample and for individual categories. We find that while inflation can explain some of the asymmetry, inflation is not the whole story as the asymmetry holds even after excluding inflationary periods from the data, and even for products whose price had not increased over the eight-year period. The findings hold for different measures of inflation and also after allowing for lagged price adjustments. We offer a consumer-based explanation for these findings.
Performance Evaluation of NoC-Based Multicore Systems

In this survey, we review several approaches for predicting performance of Network-on-Chip (NoC)-based multicore systems, starting from the traffic models to the complex NoC models for latency evaluation. We first review typical traffic models to represent the application workloads in NoC. Specifically, we review Markovian and non-Markovian (e.g., self-similar or long-range memory-dependent) traffic models and discuss their applications on multicore platform design. Then, we review the analytical techniques to predict NoC performance under given input traffic. We investigate analytical models for average as well as maximum delay evaluation. We also review the developments and design challenges of NoC simulators. One interesting research direction in NoC performance evaluation consists of combining simulation and analytical models in order to exploit their advantages together. Toward this end, we discuss several newly proposed approaches that use hardware-based or learning-based techniques. Finally, we summarize several open problems and our perspective to address these challenges.
Bio-Optical Inversion in Highly Turbid and Cyanobacteria-Dominated Waters

Phytoplankton pigment absorption data from algal-bloom-dominated waters are highly desirable to better understand the primary productivity and carbon uptake by algal biomass in a regional scale. However, retrieving phytoplankton pigment absorption coefficients, in turbid and hypereutrophic waters, from above-surface remote sensing reflectance (R<sub>rs</sub>) is often challenging because of the optical complexity of the water body. In this paper, a quasi-analytical algorithm has been parameterized using in situ data to retrieve inherent optical properties from R<sub>rs</sub>(λ) in highly turbid productive aquaculture ponds, where the phytoplankton absorption coefficient (3.44-37.67 m<sup>-1</sup> ) contributes 54 % of the total absorption at 443 nm (4.99-47.21 m<sup>-1</sup>). The model was validated using an independent data set by comparing the model-derived optical parameters with in situ measured values. The absolute percentage error (assuming no error in the in situ measurements) of the estimated total absorption coefficient at( λ) varied from 15.22 % to 24.13 % within 413-665 nm, and the overall average error was 19.87 %. Maximum and minimum errors occurred at 443 and 665 nm, respectively. Similarly, the percentage error for the phytoplankton absorption coefficient a<sub>φ</sub>(λ) varied from 15.9 % to 41.27 % within the 413-665-nm range, and the average error was 27.24 %. The spectral shape of modeled a<sub>φ</sub>(λ) matched very well (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97) with the measured a<sub>φ</sub>(λ). A supplementary method was also developed to retrieve first-order estimates of colored detrital matter absorption coefficients a<sub>CDM</sub>( λ) from subsurface remote sensing reflectance r<sub>rs</sub>( λ) using an empirical approach. Results reveal that the retrieval accuracy of a<sub>φ</sub>(λ) improved after incorporating the first-order estimates of a<sub>CDM</sub>(λ) in the algorithm.
A Contraction Approach to the Hierarchical Analysis and Design of Networked Systems

This brief is concerned with the stability of continuous-time networked systems. Using contraction theory, a result is established on the network structure and the properties of the individual component subsystems and their couplings to ensure the overall contractivity of the entire network. Specifically, it is shown that a contraction property on a reduced-order matrix that quantifies the interconnection structure, coupled with contractivity/expansion estimates on the individual component subsystems, suffices to ensure that trajectories of the overall system converge towards each other.
Mild Dermatoglyphic Deviations in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Average Intellectual Abilities as Compared to Typically Developing Boys

Dermatoglyphics, ridge constellations on the hands and feet, are permanently formed by the second trimester of pregnancy. Consequently, they are considered “fossilized” evidence of a specific prenatal period. A high frequency of dermatoglyphic anomalies, or a high rate of dermatoglyphic asymmetry (discordance), is an indication of developmental instability (prenatal disturbances) prior to 24-week gestation. Most dermatoglyphic studies in psychiatry focus on adult schizophrenia. Studies on dermatoglyphic deviances and autism are sparse, include severely disturbed and intellectually retarded patients with autism, and are carried out mainly in non-Western European populations. In this study, finger print patterns, atd-angles, and palmar flexion crease patterns (PFCs) are compared between Western European adolescent teenage males, of average intellect, with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; n = 46) and typically developing adolescent teenage males (TD; n = 49). Boys with ASD had a higher rate of discordance in their finger print patterns than TD boys. Thus, the hypothesized prenatal disturbances that play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia and severe autism might not be specific to these severe psychiatric disorders but might also be involved in the etiology of varying degrees of ASD.
A Role of the Bile Salt Receptor FXR in Atherosclerosis

This study reviews current insights into the role of bile salts and bile salt receptors on the progression and regression of atherosclerosis. Bile salts have emerged as important modifiers of lipid and energy metabolism. At the molecular level, bile salts regulate lipid and energy homeostasis mainly via the bile salt receptors FXR and TGR5. Activation of FXR has been shown to improve plasma lipid profiles, whereas Fxr−/− mice have increased plasma triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein levels. Nevertheless, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are increased in these mice, suggesting that FXR has both anti- and proatherosclerotic properties. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence for a role of FXR in “nonclassical” bile salt target tissues, eg, vasculature and macrophages. In these tissues, FXR has been shown to influence vascular tension and regulate the unloading of cholesterol from foam cells, respectively. Recent publications have provided insight into the antiinflammatory properties of FXR in atherosclerosis. Bile salt signaling via TGR5 might regulate energy homeostasis, which could serve as an attractive target to increase energy expenditure and weight loss. Interventions aiming to increase cholesterol turnover (eg, by bile salt sequestration) significantly improve plasma lipid profiles and diminish atherosclerosis in animal models. Bile salt metabolism and bile salt signaling pathways represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Hierarchical Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Based on Double Thresholds Energy Detection

In this letter, we consider hierarchical cooperative spectrum sensing based on two-threshold energy detection in cognitive radio networks. In order to solve the sensing failure problem in conventional two-threshold energy detection, soft combination of the observed energy value from different cognitive radio users is investigated. Encouraged by the performance gain of soft combination of energy falling between the two thresholds, we further propose a new softened hard combination scheme to reduce the communication overhead. Results show that the proposed method achieves a good tradeoff between sensing performance and communication overhead.
Proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas in male F344/N rats.

While the rat pancreas is susceptible to experimental cancer induction, the spontaneous incidence of pancreatic cancer in this species is reported to be very low. However, we observed unusually high incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma in vehicle control male F344/N rats of some NCI/NTP 2-year toxicological studies. The vehicle in these studies was corn oil given by gavage. Focal acinar hyperplasia, acinar adenoma, and acinar carcinoma (found rarely) represent a continuous spectrum of proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas. While the carcinomas have clear morphological indications of malignancy, the biological behavior of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma is not known. Although induction of acinar carcinomas is considered clear evidence of carcinogenicity of a test chemical, significantly increased incidences in treated rats of acinar adenomas but not carcinomas provides some evidence of carcinogenicity. The association of acinar hyperplasia and adenoma with vegetable oil gavage complicates the interpretation when marginally elevated incidences of these lesions are observed in rats administered the test chemical in vegetable oil vehicle. Studies of the biological behavior of exocrine pancreatic lesions in male rats would be helpful in assessing the significance of their presence when found after test compound administration. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 3.FIGURE 4.
SemEval-2017 Task 3: Community Question Answering

We describe SemEval–2017 Task 3 on Community Question Answering. This year, we reran the four subtasks from SemEval-2016: (A) Question–Comment Similarity, (B) Question–Question Similarity, (C) Question–External Comment Similarity, and (D) Rerank the correct answers for a new question in Arabic, providing all the data from 2015 and 2016 for training, and fresh data for testing. Additionally, we added a new subtask E in order to enable experimentation with Multi-domain Question Duplicate Detection in a larger-scale scenario, using StackExchange subforums. A total of 23 teams participated in the task, and submitted a total of 85 runs (36 primary and 49 contrastive) for subtasks A–D. Unfortunately, no teams participated in subtask E. A variety of approaches and features were used by the participating systems to address the different subtasks. The best systems achieved an official score (MAP) of 88.43, 47.22, 15.46, and 61.16 in subtasks A, B, C, and D, respectively. These scores are better than the baselines, especially for subtasks A–C.
Text segmentation via topic modeling: an analytical study

In this paper, the task of text segmentation is approached from a topic modeling perspective. We investigate the use of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model to segment a text into semantically coherent segments. A major benefit of the proposed approach is that along with the segment boundaries, it outputs the topic distribution associated with each segment. This information is of potential use in applications like segment retrieval and discourse analysis. The new approach outperforms a standard baseline method and yields significantly better performance than most of the available unsupervised methods on a benchmark dataset.
Review Article: Is it time to embrace haemodiafiltration for centre‐based haemodialysis? (Review Article)

SUMMARY: Improvements in survival in dialysis patients over the past few decades have been disappointing. Recent prospective trials such the haemodialysis study have not shown conclusive improvements. Two recent observational studies have found a striking survival advantage for haemodiafiltration (HDF). This review covers the differences between HDF and conventional haemodialysis (HD) and the history of the technological advances in the HDF technique. In addition, it explores the putative benefits of HDF over HD. While the observational studies provide a basis for optimism that HDF will provide benefit to dialysis patients, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn until the results of randomized controlled trials are available. While the evidence in favour of HDF at this stage is observational only, there are no studies suggesting that the treatment is detrimental. The use of HDF should probably be increased, particularly in centres where an increase in the frequency and duration of dialysis cannot be readily achieved.
Resonant Behavior of Radio-Transmission Loss Due to Periodic Building Structures

This work examines the penetration loss suffered through periodic wall structures currently used by the building industry. A full-wave method, the modal transmission-line (MTL), is used to investigate the radio-propagation behavior through a periodic building structure under the most general condition of oblique incidence (three-dimensional incidence). Widely used periodic building structures are investigated through simulation results. Simulation findings are compared with measurements. The resonant variations of penetration loss as functions of material thickness and frequency are reported.
Behaviorally Modeling Games of Strategy Using Descriptive

Modeling human decision making in strategic problem domains is challenging with normative game theoretic approaches. Behavioral aspects of this type of decision making, such as forgetfulness or misattribution of reward, require additional parameters to capture their effect on decisions. We propose a descriptive model utilizing aspects of behavioral game theory, machine learning, and prospect theory that replicates the behavior of humans in uncertain strategic environments. We test the predictive capabilities of this model over data from 43 participants guiding a simulated Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) against an unknown automated opponent. Modeling human decision making in strategic problem domains is challenging with normative game theoretic approaches. Behavioral aspects of this type of decision making, such as forgetfulness or misattribution of reward, require additional parameters to capture their effect on decisions. We propose a descriptive model utilizing aspects of behavioral game theory, machine learning, and prospect theory that replicates the behavior of humans in uncertain strategic environments. We test the predictive capabilities of this model over data from 43 participants guiding a simulated Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV) against an unknown automated opponent. Behaviorally Modeling Games of Strategy Using Descriptive Q-learning Roi Ceren Department of Computer Science University of Georgia Athens, GA 30605 ceren@cs.uga.edu Prashant Doshi Department of Computer Science University of Georgia Athens, GA 30605 pdoshi@cs.uga.edu Matthew Meisel Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30605 mameisel@uga.edu Adam Goodie Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30605 goodie@uga.edu Dan Hall Department of Statistics University of Georgia Athens, GA 30605 danhall@uga.edu
Patient selection for cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for the treatment of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a viable option for selected patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal origin, resulting in long-term survival and even cure in some cases. However, adequate patient selection for this treatment is currently one of the major challenges. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of clinically relevant factors associated with overall survival. This may help to guide clinicians through the complex interplay of patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics to adequately select patients who benefit the most from this extensive surgical treatment. First, basic principles of colorectal PM and the CRS and HIPEC treatment will be discussed. According to available literature, especially extent of peritoneal disease, completeness of cytoreduction, and signet ring cell histology have great influence on the outcome after CRS and HIPEC. Other factors that seem to have a negative prognostic value are the presence of liver metastases and the absence of treatment with neo-adjuvant systemic therapy. Prognostic models combining the above-mentioned factors, such as the Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Prognostic Surgical Score nomogram, may provide clinically relevant tools to use in everyday practice.
Nanopore DNA sequencing with MspA

Nanopore sequencing has the potential to become a direct, fast, and inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. The simplest form of nanopore DNA sequencing utilizes the hypothesis that individual nucleotides of single-stranded DNA passing through a nanopore will uniquely modulate an ionic current flowing through the pore, allowing the record of the current to yield the DNA sequence. We demonstrate that the ionic current through the engineered Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A, MspA, has the ability to distinguish all four DNA nucleotides and resolve single-nucleotides in single-stranded DNA when double-stranded DNA temporarily holds the nucleotides in the pore constriction. Passing DNA with a series of double-stranded sections through MspA provides proof of principle of a simple DNA sequencing method using a nanopore. These findings highlight the importance of MspA in the future of nanopore sequencing.