Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The distribution of satellite galaxies: the great pancake

The 11 known satellite galaxies within 250 kpc of the Milky Way lie close to a great circle on the sky. We use high-resolution N-body simulations of galactic dark matter haloes to test if this remarkable property can be understood within the context of the cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology. We construct halo merger trees from the simulations and use a semi-analytic model to follow the formation of satellite galaxies. We find that in all six of our simulations, the 11 brightest satellites are indeed distributed along thin, disc-like structures analogous to that traced by the satellites of the Milky Way. This is in sharp contrast to the overall distributions of dark matter in the halo and of subhaloes within it, which, although triaxial, are not highly aspherical. We find that the spatial distribution of satellites is significantly different from that of the most massive subhaloes but is similar to that of the subset of subhaloes that had the most massive progenitors at earlier times. The elongated disc-like structure delineated by the satellites has its long axis aligned with the major axis of the dark matter halo. We interpret our results as reflecting the preferential infall of satellites along the spines of a few filaments of the cosmic web.
Pair balance-based test scheduling for SOCs

Along with more pre-designed and pre-verified cores are integrated into a single chip to construct an entire system, the test application time increases significantly. This paper presents a novel test scheduling solution, unlike previous techniques that take advantage of balanced scan chains of every single core, utilizing the balance of pairwise combined cores. Experimental results for two ITC '02 SOC benchmarks show that the pair balance-based test scheduling technique achieves less test time compared to the previous approaches.
Comparison of Natural Drainage Group and Negative Drainage Groups after Total Thyroidectomy: Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare a negative pressure drain with a natural drain in order to determine whether a negative pressure drainage tube causes an increase in the drainage volume. Materials and Methods Sixty-two patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were enrolled in the study between March 2010 and August 2010 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. The patients were prospectively and randomly assigned to two groups, a negative pressure drainage group (n=32) and natural drainage group (n=30). Every 3 hours, the volume of drainage was checked in the two groups until the tube was removed. Results The amount of drainage during the first 24 hours postoperatively was 41.68±3.93 mL in the negative drain group and 25.3±2.68 mL in the natural drain group (p<0.001). After 24 additional hours, the negative drain group was 35.19±4.26 mL and natural drain groups 21.53±2.90 mL (p<0.001). However, the drainage at postoperative day 3 was not statistically different between the two groups. In addition, the vocal cord palsy and temporary and permanent hypocalcemia were not different between the two groups. Conclusion These results indicate that a negative pressure drain may increase the amount of drainage during the first 24-48 hours postoperatively. Therefore, it is not necessary to place a closed suction drain when only a total thyroidectomy is done.
Random Graphs and the Strong Convergence of Bootstrap Means

We consider graphs Gn generated by multisets In with n random integers as elements, such that vertices of Gn are connected by edges if the elements of In that the vertices represent are the same, and prove asymptotic results on the sparsity of edges connecting the different subgraphs Gn of the random graph generated by ∪∞n=1In. These results are of independent interest and, for two models of the bootstrap, we also use them here to link almost sure and complete convergence of the corresponding bootstrap means and averages of related randomly chosen subsequences of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a finite mean. Complete convergence of these means and averages is then characterized in terms of a relationship between a moment condition on the bootstrapped sequence and the bootstrap sample size. While we also obtain new sufficient conditions for the almost sure convergence of bootstrap means, the approach taken here yields the first necessary conditions.
How Online Learning Is Revolutionizing K-12 Education and Benefiting Students. Backgrounder. No. 2356.

Virtual or online learning is revolutionizing American education. It has the potential to dramatically expand the educational opportunities of American students, largely overcoming the geographic and demographic restrictions. Virtual learning also has the potential to improve the quality of instruction, while increasing productivity and lowering costs, ultimately reducing the burden on taxpayers. Local, state, and federal policymakers should reform education policies and funding to facilitate online learning, particularly by allowing funding to follow the students to their learning institutions of choice. Historically, American students’ learning opportunities have been limited and shaped by factors beyond their control. Geography has been an important factor. Does the child live near a good school? If not, do her parents have the financial means to place her in a quality learning environment? Access to quality instruction has been another factor. Was the child placed in a class with the best teacher? Are the teacher’s lessons—designed to instruct a classroom of 16 or more students—tailored to her level, learning style, and interests? The development and proliferation of online learning and virtual learning options is beginning to break down these barriers. In the future, students will be able to receive customized instruction from teachers anywhere in the United States or even in the world. The best teachers will use technology to reach many more students. Virtual and blended-learning No. 2356 January 12, 2010
INTERDEPENDENSI KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN

This research was explaining the influence of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and the impact to firm performance. We use three stage least square (3SLS) model to test our hypotheses. Sample of the research is all of manufacture companies which of have managerial ownership and institutional ownership and listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange period 1997 -2006. The result was provided that managerial ownership and firm performance has positive influence but not significant. Other evidence is that institutional ownership has significant positive influence to firm performance. The research was proven that managerial ownership and institutional ownership have negative influence. Condition crisis and after crisis has effect to ownership and firm performance. Firm performance does increase when after crisis period opposite that crisis period.
A Robust Watermarking Algorithm Based on Salient Image Features

A feature-based robust watermarking algorithm against geometric transformation is proposed in this paper. As salient features in the image are relatively stable under geometric transformation, they may serve as reference points to synchronize the processes of watermark embedding and detection. To further increase the repeatability of feature detection, a novel feature enhancement technique is proposed. Such enhancement is crucial because most existent watermarking algorithms suffer from lost of synchronization due to image attacks, and the watermark would not be detected correctly if the repeatability rate is low. Image moments were also used to achieve geometric invariance of watermark embedding and detection. Experimental results demonstrated that our algorithm can survive various geometric transformation and common image processing operations.
Primary healthcare usage and morbidity among immigrant children compared with non-immigrant children: a population-based study in Norway

Objectives Health status, disease spectrum and use of healthcare have been reported to vary across groups of migrants and according to the different phases of migration. However, most studies are conducted among adults. This study assesses usage of primary healthcare (PHC) by children with immigrant background compared with non-immigrant children in Norway and describes their relative morbidity burden. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study. Setting This study used 3 linked population-based registers in Norway for children under 18 years of age in 2008. Main exposure and outcome measures Immigrants were defined as children with both parents born abroad, and further classified into first and second generation, and according to the World Bank income categories of their parents' country of origin. Usage and morbidity were assessed with negative binomial regression and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Further, population-attributable fraction analyses on PHC visits were conducted to estimate the impact on the primary health system. Participants 1 168 365 children including 119 251 with immigrant background. Results The mean number of visits to PHC for non-immigrant children was 1.40 compared with 1.19 for immigrants from high-income countries (HIC) and 1.76 for immigrants from low-income countries (LIC). Compared with non-immigrants, first generation immigrants used PHC significantly less after adjusting for age and sex (incidence risk ratio (IRR) 0.70 (HIC) to 0.93 (LIC)) while second generation immigrant children generally used PHC more (IRR 1.03 (HIC) to 1.43 (LIC)); however, the median number of visits were similar between all groups. The morbidity spectrum also varied between the groups. Conclusions Compared with non-immigrants, the excess number of consultations attributable to immigrant groups corresponds to around 1.3% of PHC visits among children.
Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The present study used comparative proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in order to identify proteins that may act as diagnostic biomarkers and indicators of the pathogenesis of ALS. This analysis was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology, coupled with 2-dimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery software was utilized for bioinformatic analysis of the data. Following this, western blotting was performed in order to examine the expression of 3 candidate proteins in ALS patients compared with healthy individuals [as a normal control (NC) group] or patients with other neurological disease (OND); these proteins were insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-2), glutamate receptor 4 (GRIA4) and leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1). Clinical data, including gender, age, disease duration and ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) score, were also collected in the ALS patients. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed between the clinical data and the results of western blot analysis. A total of 248 distinct proteins were identified in the ALS and NC groups, amongst which a significant difference could be identified in 35 proteins; of these, 21 proteins were downregulated and 14 were upregulated. These differentially-expressed proteins were thus revealed to be associated with ALS. The western blot analysis confirmed a proportion of the data attained in the iTRAQ analysis, revealing the differential protein expression of IGF-2 and GRIA4 between the ALS and NC groups. IGF-2 was significantly downregulated in ALS patients (P=0.017) and GRIA4 was significantly upregulated (P=0.016). These results were subsequently validated in the 35-patient ALS and OND groups (P=0.002), but no significant difference was identified in LRG1 expression between these groups. GRIA4 protein expression was higher in male than female patients and was positively correlated with the ALSFRS-R score, meaning that GRIA4 expression was negatively correlated with the severity of ALS, while IGF-2 and LRG1 expression did not correlate with any clinical data. The present study thus demonstrated that GRIA4 expression levels, as a marker of severity, may be used as a reference for the timing of treatment, and that IGF-2 may serve as an effective biomarker of ALS progression.
Engagement as a Mediator in Relationship between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement among Adolescents in Sirjan-Iran

The major purposes of the presents study were (a) to examine the degree to which academic engagement mediates the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement. Data from 382 participants (191 males and 191 females) were examined using measures of parenting style, academic engagement, and self-reported grade point average. The results indicated that academic engagement mediate relationship between parenting style an academic achievement. Implications for future research are discussed. [Elham Dehyadegary, Kouros Divsalar, Nooshin Sabour Esmaeili, Azimeh Jafari Sadr, Fatemeh Askari. Academic Engagement as a Mediator in Relationship between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement among Adolescents in Sirjan-Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5715-5727] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com.851
Factors Influencing Cloud Computing Adoption in the Public Sector: An Empirical Analysis

Cloud computing is one of the latest Information Technology innovation phenomena that has risen from the idea of sharing, consolidating, and standardizing of resources in a centralized infrastructure and facility. This concept offers many advantages such as cost reduction in both hardware and software investment for organizations. Despite these advantages, cloud computing adoption among organizations is relatively slow with a low adoption rate. As such, this study attempts to bridge the gap by offering insight into possible factors that could influence such adoption decisions. By integrating the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) and IT personnel characteristics, a conceptual model is developed and tested as a preliminary study to determine the influencing factors of cloud computing adoption by the Malaysian public sector to enhance its service delivery. The results revealed that relative advantage, compatibility, and IT personnel knowledge are the innovation attributes and the human factor for cloud computing adoption in the Malaysian public sector. This study contributes to the knowledge domain of cloud computing adoption literature on theories of IT adoption particularly in the public sector.
Deliberative Democracy and the Deliberative Poll on the Euro

Focus on the concept of deliberative democracy has increased rapidly within recent decades. However, the concept is weakly defined, if at all. ‘Deliberation’ is defined as an unconstrained exchange of arguments that involves practical reasoning and potentially leads to a transformation of preferences. Throughout the 1990s several innovative democratic experiments have flourished focusing on citizens’ involvement and deliberation. The Deliberative Poll in focus here is, according to many parameters, the most ambitious one. The article presents the results from the Danish National Deliberative Poll on the single currency. In August 2000, 364 repres-entative Danish citizens assembled to deliberate on Denmark's participation in the single currency. The Deliberative Poll is described as a quasi-experiment set out to explore the empirical potentials of deliberative democracy. The focus is whether the claimed potential of deliberative democracy is present in the experimental setting. The participants’ answers reflect a deliberative process dominated by considerable changes in opinion, an increase in knowledge and an improved ability to form a reasoned opinion. Mutual understanding among the participants prevailed. At the same time, self-interest and domination were also part of the deliberative process. Thus, this article encourages the development of deliberative democratic theory in order to incorporate these features of politics.
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) Are Increased and Exert Immunosuppressive Activity Together with Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Tumor immune tolerance can derive from the recruitment of suppressor cell population, including myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), able to inhibit T cells activity. We identified a significantly expanded MDSCs population in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis that decreased to normal levels after imatinib therapy. In addition, expression of arginase 1 (Arg1) that depletes microenvironment of arginine, an essential aminoacid for T cell function, resulted in an increase in patients at diagnosis. Purified CML CD11b+CD33+CD14-HLADR- cells markedly suppressed normal donor T cell proliferation in vitro. Comparing CML Gr-MDSCs to autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) we observed a higher Arg1 expression and activity in PMNs, together with an inhibitory effect on T cells in vitro. Our data indicate that CML cells create an immuno-tolerant environment associated to MDSCs expansion with immunosuppressive capacity mediated by Arg1. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time also an immunosuppressive activity of CML PMNs, suggesting a strong potential immune escape mechanism created by CML cells, which control the anti-tumor reactive T cells. MDSCs should be monitored in imatinib discontinuation trials to understand their importance in relapsing patients.
Synthetic Observations of Carbon Lines of Turbulent Flows in the Diffuse Multiphase Interstellar Medium

We examine observational characteristics of multiphase turbulent flows in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) using a synthetic radiation field of atomic and molecular lines. We consider the multiphase ISM, which is formed by thermal instability under the irradiation of UV photons with moderate visual extinction AV ~ 1. Radiation field maps of C+, C0, and CO line emissions were generated by calculating the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) level populations from the results of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of diffuse ISM models. By analyzing the synthetic radiation field of carbon lines of [C II] 158 μm, [C I] 3P2-3P1 (809 GHz), 3P1-3P0 (492 GHz), and CO rotational transitions, we found a high ratio between the lines of high- and low-excitation energies in the diffuse multiphase ISM. This shows that simultaneous observations of the lines of warm- and cold-gas tracers will be useful in examining the thermal structure, and hence the origin, of diffuse interstellar clouds.
IMPACT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON STOCK PRICE VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility. Two key variables; dividend yield and dividend payout have been taken as the independent variables after controlling for firm size and growth in assets. The stock price volatility has been taken as the dependent variable. Data collection was carried out with a sample of 40 companies listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange, for a period of ten years from 2003 to 2012. The results of cross section random effect model revealed that there is a significant negative impact from dividend payout, a significant positive impact from company size and no evidence of significant impact from dividend yield on stock price volatility. Furthermore, Granger causality tests revealed that there is no short term impact from dividend payout on stock price volatility and it showed a feedback exist between company size and stock price volatility in any lag level. It is evident that the dividend yield does granger cause stock price volatility and reported a unidirectional causality exists from dividend yield to stock price volatility in any lag level. Therefore, the findings suggest that, high dividend payout would lead to less volatile stock price, whilst higher dividend yield pave the way towards more volatility in stock price in the short run. This paper is the first to show that dividend yield has a significant impact on stock price volatility in the short run and the first to discuss the same phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context, to the best of the author’s knowledge. Keywords: Cross Section Random Effect Model, Dividend Policy, Granger Causality Test and Stock Price Volatility For full paper: fmscresearch@sjp.ac. lk
Identifying Accounting Quality

I develop a new approach to understanding accounting accruals. Unlike prior studies, I explicitly address the economic role of accruals in performance measurement. I characterize accounting quality in terms of a new construct, namely, the degree to which accruals facilitate performance measurement. Further, I develop a flexible strategy for identifying accounting quality. The core identifying assumptions derive from institutional properties of both earnings and cash flows: that both are noisy measures of the same economic performance and they converge as the time horizon extends. These assumptions characterize moments of earnings, cash flows, and accruals solved to recover the variance of performance and accounting error in accruals. I implement several model specifications and consider a number of generalizations. My analysis suggests that the variance of the performance component exceeds accounting error and explains a high fraction of accruals’ variance. I conclude that accruals meet their objective.
News or Noise? The Missing Link

The literature on belief-driven business cycles treats news and noise as distinct representations of agents' beliefs. We prove they are empirically the same. Our result lets us isolate the importance of purely belief-driven fluctuations. Using three prominent estimated models, we show that existing research understates the importance of pure beliefs. We also explain how differences in both economic environment and information structure affect the estimated importance of pure beliefs. (JEL D83, D84, E12, E23, E32)
Welfare effects of nudges: The emotional tax of calorie menu labeling

Traditionally, information has been assumed to never harm consumers, a notion recently challenged. Salience nudges have been argued to evoke negative emotions, therefore acting as â€œemotional taxesâ€ . I design a hypothetical restaurant meal experiment to analyze the emotional and short-term consumer welfare impact of a calorie salience nudge (calorie menu labeling) â€“ a policy implemented nationwide in the U.S. in 2018. I find that a calorie salience nudge may act as an emotional tax, but only for some â€“ there is considerable heterogeneity in the emotional response to the nudge. In particular, the nudge emotionally taxes people with low eating self-control, while it emotionally subsidizes those with higher levels of eating self-control. It therefore emotionally taxes the â€œrightâ€ people. However, people with lower levels of self-control may experience fewer benefits from the nudge â€“ the nudge causes them to adjust their high calorie meal consumption by less than do those with higher self-control. It is therefore unsurprising that consumers with lower self-control attach a lower (a negative) value to the calorie salience nudge. Overall, the calorie salience nudge positively affects consumer welfare, although heterogeneity over consumers is substantial â€“ the consumer value ranges from positive to negative. I find no distributional effects over income from the calorie salience nudge.