Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Inhibitors of Topoisomerase II Differently Modulate the Toxicity of Anthracyclines in Cardiac and Cancer Cells

Anthracyclines (such as doxorubicin or daunorubicin) are among the most effective anticancer drugs, but their usefulness is hampered by the risk of irreversible cardiotoxicity. Dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) is the only clinically approved cardioprotective agent against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Its activity has traditionally been attributed to the iron-chelating effects of its metabolite with subsequent protection from oxidative stress. However, dexrazoxane is also a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II (TOP2). Therefore, we examined whether dexrazoxane and two other TOP2 catalytic inhibitors, namely sobuzoxane (MST-16) and merbarone, protect cardiomyocytes from anthracycline toxicity and assessed their effects on anthracycline antineoplastic efficacy. Dexrazoxane and two other TOP2 inhibitors protected isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against toxicity induced by both doxorubicin and daunorubicin. However, none of the TOP2 inhibitors significantly protected cardiomyocytes in a model of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury. In contrast, the catalytic inhibitors did not compromise the antiproliferative effects of the anthracyclines in the HL-60 leukemic cell line; instead, synergistic interactions were mostly observed. Additionally, anthracycline-induced caspase activation was differentially modulated by the TOP2 inhibitors in cardiac and cancer cells. Whereas dexrazoxane was upon hydrolysis able to significantly chelate intracellular labile iron ions, no such effect was noted for either sobuzoxane or merbarone. In conclusion, our data indicate that dexrazoxane may protect cardiomyocytes via its catalytic TOP2 inhibitory activity rather than iron-chelation activity. The differential expression and/or regulation of TOP2 isoforms in cardiac and cancer cells by catalytic inhibitors may be responsible for the selective modulation of anthracycline action observed.
SWAT: A Spiking Neural Network Training Algorithm for Classification Problems

This paper presents a synaptic weight association training (SWAT) algorithm for spiking neural networks (SNNs). SWAT merges the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) learning rule with spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP). The STDP/BCM rule yields a unimodal weight distribution where the height of the plasticity window associated with STDP is modulated causing stability after a period of training. The SNN uses a single training neuron in the training phase where data associated with all classes is passed to this neuron. The rule then maps weights to the classifying output neurons to reflect similarities in the data across the classes. The SNN also includes both excitatory and inhibitory facilitating synapses which create a frequency routing capability allowing the information presented to the network to be routed to different hidden layer neurons. A variable neuron threshold level simulates the refractory period. SWAT is initially benchmarked against the nonlinearly separable Iris and Wisconsin Breast Cancer datasets. Results presented show that the proposed training algorithm exhibits a convergence accuracy of 95.5% and 96.2% for the Iris and Wisconsin training sets, respectively, and 95.3% and 96.7% for the testing sets, noise experiments show that SWAT has a good generalization capability. SWAT is also benchmarked using an isolated digit automatic speech recognition (ASR) system where a subset of the TI46 speech corpus is used. Results show that with SWAT as the classifier, the ASR system provides an accuracy of 98.875% for training and 95.25% for testing.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES PADA MATERI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN

This study aimed to develop and assess feasibility of student worksheet on Growth and Development topics, based on multiple intelligences theory, as well as to measure the effectiveness of the student worksheet. Research design used was one of research and development modified from Sugiyono (2010), and was based on students’ intelligences identification and teaching materials analyzed. LKS validation results were analyzed with descriptive percentages. Small-scale testing was carried out on 1 teacher and 12 students to assess worksheets legibility. Large-scale field-testing was carried out on one teacher and 36 students to measure student worksheets’ effectiveness. Results of student worksheet development based on multiple intelligences theory in terms of its material feasibility aspects was 96,87% (obtained score) and media feasibility 89,56% under medium category. Normalized gain score was 0,65, indicating that there was an increasing learning achievement from pretest to posttest under medium category. Classical completeness of students reached 88,89%. The use of the student worksheet for learning process was appreciated ‘ very good responses’ by teachers and students, 100% and 88,69%. Student worksheet development on the basis of multiple intelligence theories for Growth and Development topics was feasible and effectively applied for learning. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui kelayakan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) berbasis multiple intelligences pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan serta mengukur keefektifan LKS dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dimodifikasi dari Sugiyono (2010) berdasarkan hasil identifikasi kecerdasan siswa dan analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar. Hasil validasi LKS dianalisis dengan deskriptif persentase. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap 1 guru dan 12 siswa untuk menilai keterbacaan LKS. Uji coba skala besar dilakukan terhadap 1 guru dan 36 siswa untuk mengukur efektivitas LKS dalam pembelajaran. Hasil pengembangan LKS berbasis multiple intelligences aspek kelayakan materi memperoleh skor 96,87% dan kelayakan media 89,56% dengan kategori sangat layak. Nilai gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,65 menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar dari pretest ke posttest dengan kategori sedang. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa mencapai 88,89%. Penggunaan lembar kerja siswa dalam pembelajaran memperoleh tanggapan sangat baik dari guru dan siswa dengan persentase 100% dan 88,69%. Pengembangan lembar kerja siswa berbasis multiple intelligences pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan layak dan efektif diterapkan dalam pembelajaran.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES How Self-Evaluations Relate to Being Liked by Others : Integrating Sociometer and Attachment Perspectives

What is the relation between self-evaluation and being liked by others? Does being liked by others lead to more positive self-evaluations (as in sociometer theory), or do positive self-evaluations lead to being liked more (self-broadcasting)? Furthermore, what might affect the extent to which self-evaluations are influenced by likability (and vice versa)? The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, it used a naturalistic design to test the direction of the effect between social self-evaluations and others’ judgments of likability in real relationships. Second, it examined how individual differences in attachment avoidance and anxiety relate to self-evaluations and likability and whether attachment differences moderate the relation between the two. Social self-evaluations, actual interpersonal liking, and attachment were assessed in participants taking part in a longitudinal group study. The findings supported the sociometer theory: Being liked by others led to more positive self-evaluations. Both anxious and avoidant attachment predicted lower self-evaluations, and anxious attachment predicted stronger reactions to others’ liking (i.e., potentiated the sociometer). These findings have several implications for research on selfevaluation, adult attachment theory, and the importance of integrating interpersonal processes and individual differences.
Role of colonoscopy in patients with persistent acute diverticulitis.

AIM To identify patients with persistent acute diverticulitis who might benefit from an early colonoscopy during their first hospitalization. METHODS All patients hospitalized between July 2000 and December 2006 for acute diverticulitis who underwent colonoscopy were included in the study. Patients were followed during hospitalization and after discharge. Patients were considered to have a persistent course of acute diverticulitis if symptoms continued after 1 wk of conventional treatment with IV antibiotics, or if symptoms recurred within 2 mo after discharge. Patients were considered to benefit from an early colonoscopy if the colonoscopy was therapeutic or if it changed a patient's outcome. RESULTS Three hundred and six patients were hospitalized between July 2000 and December 2006 with the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. Two hundred and twenty four of these were included in the study group. Twenty three patients (10.3%) fulfilled the criteria for a persistent course of acute diverticulitis. Of them, four patients (17.4%) clearly benefited from an early colonoscopy; these patients' clinical course is described. None of the patients with a regular non-persistent course demonstrated any benefit from colonoscopy. CONCLUSION Early colonoscopy detected other significant pathology, which accounted for the clinical presentation in 17% of patients with persistent acute diverticulitis. Therefore, we believe an early colonoscopy should be considered in all patients with a persistent clinical course.
Facebook Politics: Toward a Process Model for Achieving Political Source Credibility Through Social Media

The last two election cycles have seen an exponential rise in the number of political campaigns integrating some form of social media into their communication plans. As candidates and campaigns increase their social media communications, political communication scholars have become increasingly interested in the process through which voters assess political candidates’ credibility through social networking sites. Using experimental data, this study examines the mediating role of attitude homophily in establishing political candidates’ source credibility among Facebook users. A multiple mediation model outlines a process wherein attitude homophily mediates the relationship between political cues and evaluations of source credibility. Theoretical and practical implications of the results for political social media campaigns are discussed.
The Serum Glycome to Discriminate between Early-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Benign Ovarian Diseases

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer deaths in women because the diagnosis occurs mostly when the disease is in its late-stage. Current diagnostic methods of EOC show only a moderate sensitivity, especially at an early-stage of the disease; hence, novel biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnosis. We recently reported that serum glycome modifications observed in late-stage EOC patients by MALDI-TOF-MS could be combined as a glycan score named GLYCOV that was calculated from the relative areas of the 11 N-glycan structures that were significantly modulated. Here, we evaluated the ability of GLYCOV to recognize early-stage EOC in a cohort of 73 individuals comprised of 20 early-stage primary serous EOC, 20 benign ovarian diseases (BOD), and 33 age-matched healthy controls. GLYCOV was able to recognize stage I EOC whereas CA125 values were statistically significant only for stage II EOC patients. In addition, GLYCOV was more sensitive and specific compared to CA125 in distinguishing early-stage EOC from BOD patients, which is of high relevance to clinicians as it is difficult for them to diagnose malignancy prior to operation.
In vivo and in vitro examination of the functional significances of novel lamin gene mutations in heart failure patients

Context: Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene variations have been reported in more than one third of genotyped families with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the relationship between LMNA mutation and the development of DCM is poorly understood. Methods and results: We found that end stage DCM patients carrying LMNA mutations displayed either dramatic ultrastructural changes of the cardiomyocyte nucleus (D192G) or nonspecific changes (R541S). Overexpression of the D192G lamin C dramatically increased the size of intranuclear speckles and reduced their number. This phenotype was only partially reversed by coexpression of the D192G and wild type lamin C. Moreover, the D192G mutation precludes insertion of lamin C into the nuclear envelope when co-transfected with the D192G lamin A. By contrast, the R541S phenotype was entirely reversed by coexpression of the R541S and wild type lamin C. As lamin speckle size is known to be correlated with regulation of transcription, we assessed the SUMO1 distribution pattern in the presence of mutated lamin C and showed that D192G lamin C expression totally disrupts the SUMO1 pattern. Conclusion: Our in vivo and in vitro results question the relationship of causality between LMNA mutations and the development of heart failure in some DCM patients and therefore, the reliability of genetic counselling. However, LMNA mutations producing speckles result not only in nuclear envelope structural damage, but may also lead to the dysregulation of cellular functions controlled by sumoylation, such as transcription, chromosome organisation, and nuclear trafficking.
You Reap What You Sow? How Knowledge Exchange Effectiveness is Affected by Different Types of Communication in Enterprise Social Media

The way in which people communicate affects their relationship building, social network structures and ultimately the knowledge they receive through their connections. For organizations, an effective knowledge exchange among employees is crucial for the competitive performance. Therefore, companies rely increasingly on social media platforms to facilitate communication and collaboration. To enhance our understanding of successful communication in enterprise social media, we apply human coding and quantitative analysis to the content and tone of 15,505 enterprise microblogging messages created by 1,166 employees of an international financial service provider. Specifically, we develop a model-based operationalization of communication styles and empirically derive two general communication types. Analyzing the quality and number of answers to questions from these communication types, we identify differences in the effectiveness of knowledge exchange. Our results suggest that a more factual-oriented communication type benefits from a higher knowledge exchange effectiveness compared to a primarily self-disclosing communication type.
Enhancement of Lifetime using Duty Cycle and Network Coding in Wireless Sensor Networks

A fundamental challenge in the design of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is to enhance the network lifetime. The area around the Sink forms a bottleneck zone due to heavy traffic-flow, which limits the network lifetime in WSN. This work attempts to improve the energy efficiency of the bottleneck zone which leads to overall improvement of the network lifetime by considering a duty cycled WSN. An efficient communication paradigm has been adopted in the bottleneck zone by combining duty cycle and network coding. Studies carried out to estimate the upper bounds of the network lifetime by considering (i) duty cycle, (ii) network coding and (iii) combinations of duty cycle and network coding. The sensor nodes in the bottleneck zone are divided into two groups: simple relay sensors and network coder sensors. The relay nodes simply forward the received data, whereas, the network coder nodes transmit using the proposed network coding based algorithm. Energy efficiency of the bottleneck zone increases because more volume of data will be transmitted to the Sink with the same number of transmissions. This in-turn improves the overall lifetime of the network. Performance metrics, namely, packet delivery ratio and packet latency have also been investigated. A detailed theoretical analysis and simulation results have been provided to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Neural Mechanisms of Rhythm Perception: Current Findings and Future Perspectives

Perception of temporal patterns is fundamental to normal hearing, speech, motor control, and music. Certain types of pattern understanding are unique to humans, such as musical rhythm. Although human responses to musical rhythm are universal, there is much we do not understand about how rhythm is processed in the brain. Here, I consider findings from research into basic timing mechanisms and models through to the neuroscience of rhythm and meter. A network of neural areas, including motor regions, is regularly implicated in basic timing as well as processing of musical rhythm. However, fractionating the specific roles of individual areas in this network has remained a challenge. Distinctions in activity patterns appear between "automatic" and "cognitively controlled" timing processes, but the perception of musical rhythm requires features of both automatic and controlled processes. In addition, many experimental manipulations rely on participants directing their attention toward or away from certain stimulus features, and measuring corresponding differences in neural activity. Many temporal features, however, are implicitly processed whether attended to or not, making it difficult to create controlled baseline conditions for experimental comparisons. The variety of stimuli, paradigms, and definitions can further complicate comparisons across domains or methodologies. Despite these challenges, the high level of interest and multitude of methodological approaches from different cognitive domains (including music, language, and motor learning) have yielded new insights and hold promise for future progress.
Near-Infrared and Star-forming Properties of Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS continuum and Paα observations to study the near-infrared and star formation properties of a representative sample of 30 local (d ~ 35-75 Mpc) luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs, infrared [8-1000 μm] luminosities of log LIR = 11-11.9 L☉). The data provide spatial resolutions of 25-50 pc and cover the central ~3.3-7.1 kpc regions of these galaxies. About half of the LIRGs show compact (~1-2 kpc) Paα emission with a high surface brightness in the form of nuclear emission, rings, and minispirals. The rest of the sample show Paα emission along the disk and the spiral arms extending over scales of 3-7 kpc and larger. About half of the sample contains H II regions with Hα luminosities significantly higher than those observed in normal galaxies. There is a linear empirical relationship between the mid-IR 24 μm and hydrogen recombination (extinction-corrected Paα) luminosity for these LIRGs, and the H II regions in the central part of M51. This relation holds over more than four decades in luminosity, suggesting that the mid-IR emission is a good tracer of the star formation rate (SFR). Analogous to the widely used relation between the SFR and total IR luminosity of R. Kennicutt, we derive an empirical calibration of the SFR in terms of the monochromatic 24 μm luminosity that can be used for luminous, dusty galaxies.
Environmental Improvements Brought by the Legal Interventions in the Homes of Poorly Controlled Inner-city Adult Asthmatic Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Objectives. Domestic contamination with mold, cockroaches, rodents, and dust worsens asthma severity. This violates warranty of habitability laws in most of the states, but patients often find it beyond their means to remedy their housing situation. We aimed to study the effect of a medical–legal collaborative intervention to force landlords into providing better living conditions for patients with poorly controlled asthma. Methods. We retrospectively studied charts of adult patients aged 18 years or older with poorly controlled asthma (moderate or severe persistent) despite maximum medical therapy. Additionally, patients had self-reported domestic allergen exposures such as mold, cockroaches, mice or rats, and dust. The patients received legal assistance to improve their domestic environments, including fixing leaks, exterminating pests, or providing a different apartment. Post-intervention change in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), asthma severity class, medications, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and requirement for systemic steroids for symptom control was assessed. Results. Data were available for 12 patients (9–12 months pre-intervention and 6–12 months post-intervention). Analysis of paired data revealed that mean PEFR rose by 38.6 LPM (95% CI: 9.9–67.3; p = .014). The number of ED visits and hospital admissions declined from 22 ED visits and 11 admissions to 2 ED visits and 1 admission (91% reduction), respectively. Of the 11 patients requiring systemic steroids, only three required these post-intervention. All patients had reductions in the dose and/or number of medications. During post-intervention, 11 (91.7%) patients dropped ≥2 classes in asthma severity. Conclusions. Medical–legal collaboration is highly effective in improving the control of inner-city asthmatics by effecting improvements in the domestic environment.
Cross‐Country Ski Racing Performance Predicted by Aerobic and Anaerobic Double Poling Power

This study investigated the relationship between double poling aerobic and anaerobic power and cross-country ski race performance. Twenty top U.S. cross-country ski racers completed a treadmill running or classical skiing Vo2max (LB), a long-duration treadmill double-pole Vo2max test (DP, ∼850 seconds) and a short-duration double-pole power test (UBP, ∼ 200 seconds). LB Vo2max (L·min−1) was related to the International Ski Federation System (FIS) rank in points (r =-0.52). Strong significant relationships (p <0.05) were identified between FIS points and DP time to exhaustion (r =-0.80), DP Vo2peak (r =-0.74), and UBP expressed in watts r =-0.68). DP time to exhaustion was related (p <0.05) to UBP (r = 0.48) and DP Vo2peak (r = 0.76) with a multiple R of 0.85. Further analysis indicated that 75% of the variance in FIS points could be accounted for by DP Vo2peak (ml·kg−2/3 min−1) and UBP, with DP Vo2peak exhibiting the highest beta. Athlete ranking according to FIS points revealed 2 distinct groups. No differences in LB test results were apparent between these groups; however, the successful group had significantly higher DP and UBP results (p <0.05). These results suggest that UBP is important, but DP Vo2peak is a better predictor of ski performance. This may be explained by the predominantly aerobic nature of cross-country skiing (typical event duration between 25 minutes and 2 hours for men).