Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Kanagawa‐I, a novel missense mutation, is caused by the amino acid substitution G732R

A new dysplasminogen, plasminogen Kanagawa‐I, was identified in a healthy male with no previous thrombotic episodes. His plasma plasminogen (PLG) activity was 51.4% of that of normal pooled plasma (reference interval 70–130%) and the antigen level was 94.2% of that of normal pooled plasma (reference interval 80–150%). Nucleotide sequencing revealed a heterozygous G to A transition in exon 18, which resulted in an amino acid substitution of G732R. Both the proband's father and paternal grandfather were heterozygous for this mutation. Interestingly, the grandfather was found to be a compound heterozygote for plasminogen Kanagawa‐I and Tochigi (A601T), so that his plasminogen activity and antigen level was 7.7% and 87.2% of that of normal pooled plasma, respectively. However, he has never been affected by significant thrombosis.
Clinicopathologic Assessment of Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Located at the Head of the Pancreas, in Relation to Embryonic Development

Objectives Pancreaticoduodenectomy is performed for pancreatic head cancer that originated from the dorsal or ventral primordium. Although the extent of lymph node (LN) dissection is the same irrespective of the origin, the lymphatic continuities may differ between the 2 primordia. Methods Between March 2003 and September 2010, 152 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. One hundred six patients were assigned into 2 groups according to tumor location on preoperative computed tomography, and their clinical and pathological features were retrospectively analyzed in view of the embryonic development of the pancreas. Results Sixty of 106 patients were classified with tumors that were derived from the dorsal pancreas (D group) and 46 from the ventral pancreas (V group). The frequency of LN involvement around the middle colic artery (LN 15) in the D group was higher than in the V group (P = 0.008). The rate of additional resection of the pancreas tended to be higher in the D group (P = 0.067). Conclusions The present study showed the detailed pattern of spread of pancreatic ductal carcinoma to the LNs and provided important information for determining the optimal surgical strategy.
Administering the CPT/IVA to evaluate the effects of neurofeedback in ADHD

Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) have proven effective for monitoring the effects of treatments for ADHD, especially neurofeedback and virtual reality. The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT), which is ba sed on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, allows hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and inattention to be assessed at the visual and auditory level. The goal of this study is to determine whether the IVA/CPT is a useful scale to measure the therapeutic efficacy of neurofeedback. A total of 16 male and female subjects ages 7-14 with a diagnosis of ADHD who had been randomly assigned to neurofeedback treatment participated in the study. Attention and hyperactivity were the variables evaluated in the pre- and post-treatment phases. Through comparisons of means and effect size calculation, the efficacy of neurofeedback was estimated according to the children’s performance in the auditory and visual variables of the CPT/IVA. The data obtained reveal signifi cant improvement in self-control and symptoms of inattention following the treatment.
CYTOCHEMISTRY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

The aldehydes introduced in this paper and the more appropriate concentrations for their general use as fixatives are: 4 to 6.5 per cent glutaraldehyde, 4 per cent glyoxal, 12.5 per cent hydroxyadipaldehyde, 10 per cent crotonaldehyde, 5 per cent pyruvic aldehyde, 10 per cent acetaldehyde, and 5 per cent methacrolein. These were prepared as cacodylate- or phosphate-buffered solutions (0.1 to 0.2 M, pH 6.5 to 7.6) that, with the exception of glutaraldehyde, contained sucrose (0.22 to 0.55 M). After fixation of from 0.5 hour to 24 hours, the blocks were stored in cold (4°C) buffer (0.1 M) plus sucrose (0.22 M). This material was used for enzyme histochemistry, for electron microscopy (both with and without a second fixation with 1 or 2 per cent osmium tetroxide) after Epon embedding, and for the combination of the two techniques. After fixation in aldehyde, membranous differentiations of the cell were not apparent and the nuclear structure differed from that commonly observed with osmium tetroxide. A postfixation in osmium tetroxide, even after long periods of storage, developed an image that—notable in the case of glutaraldehyde—was largely indistinguishable from that of tissues fixed under optimal conditions with osmium tetroxide alone. Aliesterase, acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase, and DPNH and TPNH diaphorase activities were demonstrable histochemically after most of the fixatives. Cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were retained after hydroxyaldipaldehyde and, to a lesser extent, after glyoxal fixation. The final product of the activity of several of the above-mentioned enzymes was localized in relation to the fine structure. For this purpose the double fixation procedure was used, selecting in each case the appropriate aldehyde.
Why Did the Polls Overestimate Liberal Democrat Support? Sources of Polling Error in the 2010 British General Election

Abstract Pollsters once again found themselves in the firing line in the aftermath of the 2010 British general election. Many critics noted that nearly all pollsters in 2010 expected a substantial surge for the Liberal Democrats that did not materialize. Basing conclusions regarding the relative merits of pollsters or benefits of methodological design features on inspection of just the final poll from each pollster is inherently problematic, because each poll is subject to sampling error. This paper uses a state‐space model of polls from across the course of the 2010 election campaign which allows us to assess the extent to which particular pollsters systematically over‐ or under‐estimate each main party’s share of the vote, while allowing for both the usual margins of error for each poll and changes in public opinion from day‐to‐day. Thus, we can assess the evidence for systematic differences between pollsters’ results according to the use of particular methodologies, and estimate how much of the discrepancy between the final polls and the election outcome is due to methodological differences that are associated with systematic error in the polls. We find robust evidence of an over‐estimation in Liberal Democrat support, but do not find evidence to support the hypothesis that the polls erred due to a late swing away from the party, nor that any of the methodological choices made by pollsters were significantly associated with this over‐estimation.
Pick up the pieces and go home – on the demise of health psychology

I finally gave up when attending a symposium on social cognition theories at an EHPS Conference: two senior researchers discussed the issue of whether there were intentions that form intentions to use condoms or to use certain types of medications. From the way they approached the topic, I am sure the discussants had never had a detailed discussion with a 19-year-old supermarket cashier worker about her sex life, or listened to an actual patient talk in a real-world setting. Their conference discussion had all the elements of members of a religious sect talking about dogmas in their holy books: humourless, authoritarian, incomprehensibly jargon-filled, with confidence in their absolute wisdom (a North Korean TV-broadcast would pale in comparison). After the conference I continued my research, trying to listen to the stories of lung cancer patients regarding their terminal illness. The ‘unbearable lightness of health psychology’ became very apparent at least to me. Am I a grumpy old man? Am I unable to publish potentially exciting stuff myself ? Am I embittered? On reflection, I am simply disappointed in where health psychology has gone and where I see it going. I read a substantial range of medical journals, and all health psychology journals. I think I may claim having some publishing and editorial experience in psychology as applied to health and medicine. Yet I am disappointed by the lack of creativity and real-life basis of the majority of research papers in health psychology journals and I’m worried about the stifling influence of this ‘body of knowledge’ in directing young researchers in an area that, of course, is important for patients and their relatives, for health care providers and for society at large. I believe Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) may help in bringing real life back into psychology as applied to health and medicine. Earlier papers also discussed some of the issues I’d like to raise here as well (e.g., Coyne, 2010; Marks, 2008; Murray & Campbell, 2003; Ogden, 2003). I’ll discuss: (1) the contribution of health psychology to primary prevention; (2) the value of the theoretical models used in mainstream health psychology for actual human behaviour alongside the apparent arrogance of health psychology researchers; and (3) the value of self-report in health psychology. From this discussion, I will try and
Perceptions of an integrated curriculum among dental students in a public university in Saudi Arabia

Background Being aware of the limits of traditional discipline-based education, the Faculty of Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) tasked basic medical science faculty members with developing a new integrated curriculum for undergraduate dental students to be applied in the 2014/2015 academic year. Objective To determine the students’ perceptions of the restructured curriculum and elicit student suggestions for improvement. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to all first-year dental undergraduate students (n=192) enrolled in the academic year of 2014/2015. The questionnaire was written in English and included standard questions designed to determine student satisfaction toward the restructured curriculum. The different variables in the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics and the significance level was measured by SPSS version 16, using the descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results At the end of the first year, a large majority of students rated their overall experience with the course as good or excellent and agreed that the connection between basic and clinical sciences was made clear in the dental relevance sessions. In general, students’ experience with the instructors was positive. However, although most students felt that assessment methods were fair and reflected the curriculum, the overall success rate was lower than that of the previous academic year (2013/2014) (P=0.002), when the traditional-discipline based curriculum was still in place. Conclusion Having completed the first step of the restructuring of the first-year basic science dental curriculum, our plan for the next phase in the curriculum integration process is to increase inter-course and inter-topic integration and supplement the delivery of the course material with more clinical case scenarios.
Assessing and Improving the Performance of Speech Recognition for Incremental Systems

In incremental spoken dialogue systems, partial hypotheses about what was said are required even while the utterance is still ongoing. We define measures for evaluating the quality of incremental ASR components with respect to the relative correctness of the partial hypotheses compared to hypotheses that can optimize over the complete input, the timing of hypothesis formation relative to the portion of the input they are about, and hypothesis stability, defined as the number of times they are revised. We show that simple incremental post-processing can improve stability dramatically, at the cost of timeliness (from 90 % of edits of hypotheses being spurious down to 10 % at a lag of 320 ms). The measures are not independent, and we show how system designers can find a desired operating point for their ASR. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest and examine a variety of measures for assessing incremental ASR and improve performance on this basis.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG NIGERIAN YOUTHS: A STUDY OF NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA STUDENTS

Over the last 500 years, the mass media has influenced, to a large extent, on educational development and literacy rate in Nigeria as a result of the advent of various technological advancement. From time immemorial there were books, newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio,television which make communication inescapable in all field of human endeavour. Introduction of internet in the later part of twentieth century changed not only the media involvement in effective information dissemination but has also ensured effective interraction between and among people of different countries. Internet is the mother of Social Media. It is part of enculturation, of learning which provides the main vehicle for education and information. The rationale behinde this paper is to find out whether the exposure of students to social media has any effect on their academic perfomance using the survey research method. The findings shows that exposure of youths to Social Media has to a great extent affect both the interest of students in learning as well as their performances in academics. Therefore It is recommended that students should pay minimal attention to the use of Social media for other than educational motive.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and the Pathogenesis of Delirium: A Review of Current Evidence

Delirium is a frequent complication in medically ill elderly patients that is associated with serious adverse outcomes including increased mortality. Delirium risk is linked to older age, dementia, and illness that involves activation of inflammatory responses. IGF-I is increasingly postulated as a key link between environmental influences on body metabolism with a range of neuronal activities and has been described as the master regulator of the connection between brain and bodily well-being. The relationships between IGF-I and ageing, cognitive impairment and inflammatory illness further support a possible role in delirium pathogenesis. Five studies of IGF-I in delirium were identified by a systematic review. These conflicting findings, with three of the five studies indicating an association between IGF-1 and delirium occurrence, may relate to the considerable methodological differences in these studies. The relevance of IGF-I and related factors to delirium pathogenesis can be clarified by future studies which account for these issues and other confounding factors. Such work can inform therapeutic trials of IGF-I and/or growth hormone administration.
The Bone Mineral Content and Ultimate Compressive Strength of Lumbar Vertebrae

The bone mineral content of 109 lumbar vertebrae from 36 different subjects was determined by dual photon absorptiometry. The mean age of the subjects was 58.5 years (range, 31 to 79 years). The ultimate strength of the vertebral bodies was determined during axial compression. Bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength were correlated (r = 0.86) and the strength was found to increase linearly with increasing amounts of bone mineral content. No differences in this correlation were found in the four vertebral levels (L1–4) included in the study, but a difference in this correlation was found between specimens taken from male and female subjects. The results make it possible to estimate the strength of a vertebral body from the knowledge of its bone mineral content as determined by dual photon absorptiometry and provide a basis for estimations of normal and abnormal amounts of bone mineral content in the vertebrae of the lumbar spine.
Underwater Electrical Explosion of Wires and Wire Arrays and Generation of Converging Shock Waves

A brief review of the results obtained in recent research of underwater electrical explosions of wires and wire arrays using microsecond-, submicrosecond-, and nanosecond-timescale high-current generators is presented. In a microsecond-timescale wire explosion, good agreement was attained between the results of experiments and the results of magnetohydrodynamic calculations coupled with equations of state (EOS) and modern conductivity models. Conversely, in a nanosecond-timescale wire explosion, the wire resistance and the EOS were modified in order to fit experimental data. In experiments with cylindrical and spherical wire arrays, generation of a converging shock wave (SW) was demonstrated allowing formation of an extreme state of water in the vicinity of either the axis or the origin of the SW's implosion. In addition, it is shown that SW convergence in superspherical geometry allows one to achieve larger values of pressure, density, and temperature of water in the vicinity of the axis of convergence than in the case of a spherical implosion. The results of experiments and numerical analysis showed that a cylindrical SW keeps its symmetry along the main path of its convergence. In addition, it is shown that underwater electrical explosion of an X-pinch wire configuration and a cone wire array allows one to generate fast jets of metal and water, respectively, without using chemical explosions.
TrkB Signaling Is Required for Both the Induction and Maintenance of Tissue and Nerve Injury-Induced Persistent Pain

Activation of primary afferent nociceptors produces acute, short-lived pain, and tissue or nerve injury induces long-term enhancement of nociceptive processing, manifested as hypersensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimulation. Here we used a chemical–genetic and pharmacological approach to study the contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase, type 2 (TrkB) to the generation and maintenance of injury-induced persistent pain. We performed the studies in wild-type mice and transgenic (TrkBF616A) mice that express mutant but fully functional TrkB receptors. By injecting a small molecule derivative of the protein kinase inhibitor protein phosphatase 1 (1NM-PP1), it is possible to produce highly selective inhibition of TrkB autophosphorylation in adult mice, without interfering with the activity of other protein kinases. We report that oral administration of 1NM-PP1, at doses that blocked phosphorylation of TrkB in the spinal cord, had no effect in behavioral tests of acute heat, mechanical, or chemical pain sensitivity. However, the same pretreatment with 1NM-PP1 prevented the development of tissue- or nerve injury-induced heat and mechanical hypersensitivity. Established hypersensitivity was transiently reversed by intraperitoneal injection of 1NM-PP1. Although interfering with TrkB signaling altered neither acute capsaicin nor formalin-induced pain behavior, the prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity produced by these chemical injuries was prevented by 1NM-PP1 inhibition of TrkB signaling. We conclude that TrkB signaling is not only an important contributor to the induction of heat and mechanical hypersensitivity produced by tissue or nerve injury but also to the persistence of the pain.
Darwinian Evolution in Parallel Universes: A Parallel Genetic Algorithm for Variable Selection

The need to identify a few important variables that affect a certain outcome of interest commonly arises in various industrial engineering applications. The genetic algorithm (GA) appears to be a natural tool for solving such a problem. In this article we first demonstrate that the GA is actually not a particularly effective variable selection tool, and then propose a very simple modification. Our idea is to run a number of GAs in parallel without allowing each GA to fully converge, and to consolidate the information from all the individual GAs in the end. We call the resulting algorithm the parallel genetic algorithm (PGA). Using a number of both simulated and real examples, we show that the PGA is an interesting as well as highly competitive and easy-to-use variable selection tool.
An Elementary Introduction to the JWKB Approximation

Asymptotic expansion of the second-order linear ordinary differential equation ψ″ + k2f (z)ψ = 0, in which the real constant k is large and f = O(1), can be carried out in the manner of Liouville and Green provided f does not vanish. If f does vanish, however, at x0 say, then Liouville-Green expansions can be carried out either side of the turning point z = z0, but it is then necessary to ascertain how to connect them. This was first accomplished by Jeffreys, by a comparison of the differential equation with Airy's equation. Soon afterwards, the situation was found to arise in quantum mechanics, and was discussed by Brillouin, Wentzel and Kramers, after whom the method was initially named. It arises throughout classical physics too, and is encountered frequently when studying waves propagating in stars. This brief introduction is aimed at clarifying the principles behind the method, and is illustrated by considering the resonant acoustic-gravity oscillations (normal modes) of a spherical star. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND THE EVALUATION OF PARTICIPATORY INSTRUMENTS IN SPANISH CITIES

The article examines the role that personal experience with participatory mechanisms plays in the explanation of the perceived efficacy of these instruments. The first part demonstrates that , contrary to most expectations, citizens who have direct experience with these processes have a more negative evaluation of their performance. Where does this frustration effect come from? The second part analyzes three potential explanations of why this pattern emerges: (1) overly high prior expectations; (2) the existence of an underdeveloped institutional participatory context; and (3) the design of participatory mechanisms. We use a public opinion survey representative of the Spanish adult population living in medium sized cities to test these hypotheses. Results show that participants' overly high expectations are not crucial. On the other hand, people who live in more participatory cities and those who participate in individually based mechanisms do not feel the same disappointment with participatory experiences.
Diatheses and stressors in borderline pathology of childhood: the role of neuropsychological risk and trauma.

OBJECTIVE To determine the relative contributions of neuropsychological deficits and psychosocial stressors to the presence of borderline pathology in children. METHOD The subjects were 86 school-age children (75 males, 11 females) referred for psychiatric day treatment. Thirty-five of the children met criteria for borderline pathology. Data on psychosocial risk factors were obtained for each child from a questionnaire completed by members of the child's clinical team and were based on interviews with parents and children, as well as reports from schools and social agencies. Neuropsychological measures included computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Continuous Performance Test. RESULTS Both deficits in executive function and psychological trauma made significant and independent contributions to the variance in borderline pathology. Inclusion of both sets of risk factors produced a model that explained 48% of the variance in borderline diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Both environmental risks and neurobiological vulnerability should be taken into account to understand the etiology of borderline pathology in children.