Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
World Record Accelerating Gradient Achieved in a Superconducting Niobium RF Cavity

On November 16, 2004, a CW accelerating gradient of 46 MV/m was achieved in a superconducting niobium cavity with an unloaded quality factor (Q0) over 1 × 1010at a temperature of 1.9 °K. In pulsed mode, 47 MV/m was achieved. This represents a world record gradient in a niobium RF resonator. At a reduced temperature of 1.5-1.6 °K, an enhanced Q0was measured, ranging from 7 × 1010at 5 MV/m to 2 × 1010at 45 MV/m. The 1.3 GHz single-cell cavity has a reduced ratio of Hpk/Eacc, ensured by a reentrant geometry. The maximum peak surface electric and magnetic field exceeded 100 MV/m and 1750 Oe respectively. A soft multipacting barrier (predicted by calculations) was observed near 25 MV/m gradient and was easily processed through. Field emission in the cavity was negligibly small, and the highest field was limited by thermal breakdown. The cavity was built, processed, and tested with LEPP facilities at Cornell University. New techniques included half-cell heat treatment with yttrium for post-purification to RRR = 500, and vertical electropolishing the finished cavity.
Investigation factors affecting the first recurrence of coronary artery disease in patients undergone angioplasty using cox survival model

Background: The incidence of restenosis in patients suffering from coronary artery disease after undergoing angioplasty is of paramount importance. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate factors affecting the time of the first incidence of restenosis in patients undergone angioplasty in the city of Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 421 patients who referred to Ayatollah Musavi hospital in Zanjan for angioplasty during 2009 to 2012. The time of the incidence of restenosis after angioplasty constituted the dependent variable of the study. Independent variables of the study included signs of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, carotid stenosis, lung disease, anemia, angina history, and MI. The Cox regression model with the significance level of 0.05 was deployed for the statistical analysis. Results: According to the Cox regression model, hazard ratio of the first incidence of restenosis in patients with hypertension and angina was 22.8% and 29.5% less than other patients, respectively. However, hazard ratio of the first incidence of restenosis was 7.4 times more in patients suffering from carotid stenosis than other patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that as time goes on, the risk of the incidence of restenosis in angioplasty patients increases such that patients’ survival decreases dramatically after a year. To determine the role of effective factors on the incidence of restenosis, conducting a prospective interventional study is highly recommended.
Social Change and Transitions to Adulthood in Historical Perspective

*John Modell is Associate Professor of History, University of Minnesota, and Research Associate, Philadelphia Social History Project. Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. is Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania. Theodore Hershberg is Associate Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania, and Director, Philadelphia Social History Project. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, August, 1975. Rules can be found in every society governing the passage to adulthood. In some
Crossnational deviance in the workplace: Diverging impact of organizational commitment in Canada and Belgium

Using a self-report questionnaire from the aggressor's point of view, this study contrasted employees' frustration, perception of procedural justice, organizational commitment, and their relationships to interpersonal deviance in Canada and Belgium. Significant main effects were found in both countries for frustration and procedural justice on psychological and physical violence. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant interactions of country by normative and continuance commitment in interpersonal deviance, indicating the unique patterns relationships in Canada and Belgium. Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions was used to discuss the results.
Variable Mesophyll Conductance among Soybean Cultivars Sets a Tradeoff between Photosynthesis and Water-Use-Efficiency1[OPEN]

Genetic variance for mesophyll conductance among cultivars in both chambers and the field indicate photosynthesis, but not water use efficiency, would be improved by enhancing mesophyll conductance. Photosynthetic efficiency is a critical determinant of crop yield potential, although it remains below the theoretical optimum in modern crop varieties. Enhancing mesophyll conductance (i.e. the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from substomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation) may increase photosynthetic and water use efficiencies. To improve water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance should be increased without concomitantly increasing stomatal conductance. Here, we partition the variance in mesophyll conductance to within- and among-cultivar components across soybean (Glycine max) grown under both controlled and field conditions and examine the covariation of mesophyll conductance with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and leaf mass per area. We demonstrate that mesophyll conductance varies more than 2-fold and that 38% of this variation is due to cultivar identity. As expected, mesophyll conductance is positively correlated with photosynthetic rates. However, a strong positive correlation between mesophyll and stomatal conductance among cultivars apparently impedes positive scaling between mesophyll conductance and water use efficiency in soybean. Contrary to expectations, photosynthetic rates and mesophyll conductance both increased with increasing leaf mass per area. The presence of genetic variation for mesophyll conductance suggests that there is potential to increase photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance by selecting for greater leaf mass per area. Increasing water use efficiency, though, is unlikely unless there is simultaneous stabilizing selection on stomatal conductance.
A critical analysis of students' perceptions of the usefulness of the case study method in an advanced management accounting module: the impact of relevant work experience

Recently there has been increased emphasis on the development of accounting students' generic skills, including communication, written, critical, problem-solving and analytical skills. Such skills, it is argued, are enhanced through the adoption of the case study method. When considering the inclusion of case studies in academic accounting curricula to represent ‘real world’ situations, an important factor to consider is that accounting students may have worked in a related area, and that this experience may affect their attitudes to using case studies in class. This paper addresses this issue and adds to the accounting education literature by reporting no significant differences in the perceived benefits of using case studies in an advanced management accounting module between students with relevant work experience and those without. In the context of this study, the findings provide evidence that accounting academics should not tailor the use of case studies to take account of students' relevant work experience.
Automatically Detecting and Rating Product Aspects from Textual Customer Reviews

This paper proposes a new approach to aspect-based sentiment analysis. The goal of our algorithm is to obtain a summary of the most positive and the most negative aspects of a specific product, given a collection of free-text customer reviews. Our approach starts by matching handcrafted dependency paths in individual sentences to find opinions expressed towards candidate aspects. Then, it clusters together di? erent mentions of the same aspect by using a WordNet-based similarity measure. Finally, it computes a sentiment score for each aspect, which represents the overall emerging opinion of a group of customers towards a specific aspect of the product. Our approach does not require any seed word or domain-specific knowledge, as it only employs an off-the-shelf sentiment lexicon. We discuss encouraging preliminary results in detecting and rating aspects from on-line reviews of movies and MP3 players.
Making Sense of the Total of Two Dice

Many studies have shown that the strategies used in making judgments of chance are subject to systematic bias. Concerning chance and randomness, little is known about the relationship between the external structuring resources, made available for example in a pedagogic environment, and the construction of new internal resources. In this study I used a novel approach in which young children articulated their meanings for chance through their attempts to "mend" possibly broken computer-based stochastic gadgets. I describe the interplay between informal intuitions and computer-based resources as the children constructed new internal resources for making sense of the total of 2 spinners and 2 dice.
Hyperglycosylated hCG in gestational implantation and in choriocarcinoma and testicular germ cell malignancy tumorigenesis.

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) is a carbohydrate variant of hCG with double-sized oligosaccharide side chains. While hCG-H is produced exclusively by stem cytotrophoblast cells in gestational choriocarcinoma, by pregnancy cytotrophoblast at implantation and by the cytotrophoblast produced in testicular malignancies, regular hCG is produced only by differentiated syncytiotrophoblast cells. STUDY DESIGN hCG-H was measured using the Nichols Advantage hCG-H assay (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Clemente, California). RESULTS hCG-H has a function separate from regular hCG. hCG-H, but not regular hCG, acts in vivo and in vitro to promote invasion, whether invasion through membranes or tumor formation. Invasion or tumorigenesis is completely blocked by administration of specific antibody to hCG-H. The same hCG-H-modulated invasion mechanisms are observed in early pregnancy, gestational choriocarcinoma and testicular cancers. CONCLUSION hCG-H is a cytokinelike molecule, produced by cells different from those that make regular hCG and having a completely separate function. It appears to be the modulator of invasion as in implantation of pregnancy, gestational choriocarcinoma and testicular cancer malignancy.
A Framework for Conceptualizing and Measuring the Involvement Construct in Advertising Research

Abstract Adequately conceptualizing and measuring the involvement construct Has been one of the most controversial topics in advertising research. This task is especially important given the many involvement-driven frameworks (e.g., the elaboration likelihood model) now being advanced in advertising. The present study proposes a framework that closely scrutinizes the involvement constructs antecedents, state properties, measures, potential confounds, and consequences. Four emerging research streams in involvement are presented in the context of the framework. Implications for researchers attempting to manipulate and measure involvement in experimental advertising research are provided.
Interaural timing difference circuits in the auditory brainstem of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

In the auditory system, precise encoding of temporal information is critical for sound localization, a task with direct behavioral relevance. Interaural timing differences (ITDs) are computed using axonal delay lines and cellular coincidence detectors in nucleus laminaris (NL). We present morphological and physiological data on the timing circuits in the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae, and compare these results with those from the barn owl (Tyto alba) and the domestic chick (Gallus gallus). Emu NL was composed of a compact monolayer of bitufted neurons whose two thick primary dendrites were oriented dorsoventrally. They showed a gradient in dendritic length along the presumed tonotopic axis. The NL and nucleus magnocellularis (NM) neurons were strongly immunoreactive for parvalbumin, a calcium‐binding protein. Antibodies against synaptic vesicle protein 2 and glutamic acid decarboxlyase revealed that excitatory synapses terminated heavily on the dendritic tufts, while inhibitory terminals were distributed more uniformly. Physiological recordings from brainstem slices demonstrated contralateral delay lines from NM to NL. During whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, NM and NL neurons fired single spikes and were doubly rectifying. NL and NM neurons had input resistances of 30.0 ± 19.9 MΩ and 49.0 ± 25.6 MΩ, respectively, and membrane time constants of 12.8 ± 3.8 ms and 3.9 ± 0.2 ms. These results provide further support for the Jeffress model for sound localization in birds. The emu timing circuits showed the ancestral (plesiomorphic) pattern in their anatomy and physiology, while differences in dendritic structure compared to chick and owl may indicate specialization for encoding ITDs at low best frequencies. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:185–201, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biology and outbreaks of Microdiprion pallipes (Hymenoptera; Diprionidae) in Sweden

During outbreaks, Microdiprion pallipes (Fall.) is the most destructive of the pine sawflies in Sweden. Its distribution includes most provinces, but damaging outbreaks have until recently occurred only in two inland areas in northern Sweden. These areas are characterised by high elevation, a harsh climate, and slow tree growth. The four recorded outbreak periods showed a 10 year periodicity. Outside these areas, a lesser outbreak occurred in 1988 to 1990, on the east coast (province of Uppland). Outbreak patterns, life history variation, and mortality factors were studied. Factors that may explain the distribution of outbreaks and the population patterns were identified. Experimental and observational evidence on the potential of various factors to influence fecundity, dispersal, and survival was evaluated. In the outbreak areas, there were few major population factors. Parasitism by Rhorus substitutor (Thunb.) was the largest cause of larval mortality and the only important density dependent mortality factor. The different diapause strategies of M. pallipes and R. substitutor may contribute to stabilise this system. Different flight periods of the host and the parasitoid may explain a possible correlation between weather and outbreaks. Elsewhere in Sweden, where low population densities prevail, there may be similarities in population processes between M. pallipes and the other widely distributed diprionids with solitary larvae, which never have attained outbreak densities in Sweden. Interactions with other diprionids through shared natural enemies may be an important population process and may influence the distribution of outbreaks.
Oral immunization of animals with transgenic cherry tomatillo expressing HBsAg.

AIM To investigate the expression of recombinant HBsAg (rHBsAg) in transgenic cherry tomatillo in order to explore the feasibility of producing HBV oral vaccine with cherry tomatillo by animal immune tests. METHODS The recombinant plant expression vector containing HBsAg gene was constructed. Mediated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, HBsAg gene was transferred into cotyledons of cherry tomatillo. Transformed cherry tomatillos were obtained through hygromycin delay-selection. Integrated DNA in transgenic cherry tomatillo was confirmed by hygromycin resistance selection, Gus detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot blotting analysis. Antigenicity of rHBsAg was examined by ELISA and the immunogenicity of rHBsAg derived from transgenic cherry tomatillo tissues was confirmed by oral feed of transformed tissues to BALB/c mice primed with commercial HBV vaccines. Specific antibody titers in mice's serum were examined by ELISA every week. RESULTS By far, 10 positive lines of transgenic cherry tomatillos containing HBsAg gene were obtained. Among different organs of the same transgenic cherry tomatillo, level of rHBsAg expressed in leaves was the highest with the yield up to 300ng/g fresh weight. And the rHBsAg expression level in fruits was about 10 ng/g fresh weight. In animal immune tests, oral delivery with transgenic tissues to mice primed with commercial vaccine instead of naive mice resulted in significant immune response. CONCLUSION The result of this animal immune test indicated the rHBsAg derived from transgenic cherry tomatillo possessed normal immunogenicity. This work demonstrated the feasibility to generate oral immunogenic rHBsAg in transgenic cherry tomatillo, and would provide some experimental approach for the production of low-cost oral vaccines using transgenic cherry tomatillo in large scale.
Everyday practices of exclusion/inclusion: women who have an intellectual disability speaking for themselves?

This article discusses a small in-depth research study with five women who have an intellectual disability. Recognising the potential limitations of narrative approaches an inclusive arts-based methodology, supplemented with semi-structured interviews, and was employed to enable the women to speak for themselves about issues that were of interest to them. Thematic analysis of the data showed that the women experienced practices of social and emotional exclusion, and inclusion, in their everyday lives. While disappointing, this is not surprising. Of particular interest to the researchers were the women’s strategies for living with, and sometimes resisting, such practices. We suggest that further research which elicits such resistant practices and working with women to strengthen them could be useful for people interested in notions of inclusion.
Layer-by-layer coated gold nanoparticles: size-dependent delivery of DNA into cells.

Because nanoparticles are finding uses in myriad biomedical applications, including the delivery of nucleic acids, a detailed knowledge of their interaction with the biological system is of utmost importance. Here the size-dependent uptake of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (20, 30, 50 and 80 nm), coated with a layer-by-layer approach with nucleic acid and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), into a variety of mammalian cell lines is studied. In contrast to other studies, the optimal particle diameter for cellular uptake is determined but also the number of therapeutic cargo molecules per cell. It is found that 20 nm AuNPs, with diameters of about 32 nm after the coating process and about 88 nm including the protein corona after incubation in cell culture medium, yield the highest number of nanoparticles and therapeutic DNA molecules per cell. Interestingly, PEI, which is known for its toxicity, can be applied at significantly higher concentrations than its IC(50) value, most likely because it is tightly bound to the AuNP surface and/or covered by a protein corona. These results are important for the future design of nanomaterials for the delivery of nucleic acids in two ways. They demonstrate that changes in the nanoparticle size can lead to significant differences in the number of therapeutic molecules delivered per cell, and they reveal that the toxicity of polyelectrolytes can be modulated by an appropriate binding to the nanoparticle surface.
Current Standards and New Trends in Oesophageal Cancer

Oesophageal squamous cell cancer has a constant or even decreasing incidence rate in many regions in Europe, while oesophageal adenocarcinoma and oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) cancer have shown an increasing incidence over the past three decades. If diagnosed at an early stage (stage I), which is rarely the case, these cancers have a good prognosis. Endoscopic resection can then be recommended in selected cases where the submucosal layer is not reached. In these cases, surgical resection is regarded as the standard of care. In contrast, in stages II and III, the prognosis is more critical. Local relapses and distant metastases occur frequently during post-surgical follow-up, leading to long-term survival being as poor as 20–30 %. For locally advanced tumours, multimodal treatment has been established as the new standard of care. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation have proven efficacy in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (followed by surgery) and definitive chemoradiation are two proven and equivalent options with comparable outcomes in oesophageal squamous cell cancer. In metastatic disease, chemotherapy on the basis of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil can be offered in order to achieve better symptom control, although prolongation of survival has not formally been proven due to a lack of randomised controlled clinical studies.
Social Alienation and Peer Identification: A Study of the Social Construction of Deafness

While almost all scholars of the deaf community acknowledge the role of shared experience in the development of that community, few have made it a focus of study. This paper is about the experiences which lead deaf people to seek interaction with each other, and the difficulties they have encountered with the "hearing world," including family, friends, and fellow employees.Data were collected through in-depth interviews with twenty-five deaf adults. Interviews followed a life history approach, which included descriptions of family relationships, school and employment experiences, and community participation. Data were analyzed and coded for recurring themes. One theme emerged as dominant and consistent across all categories of life experience: the social rejection by, and alienation from the larger hearing community. Only when informants described interactions with deaf people did the theme of isolation give way to comments about participation and meaningful interaction. Further analysis suggested that in.
Variation in resting heart rate over 4 years and the risks of myocardial infarction and death among older adults

Objective Resting heart rate (RHR) is an established predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality, but the relationship between variation in RHR over a period of several years and health outcomes is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between long-term variation in RHR and the risks of incident MI and mortality among older adults. Methods 1991 subjects without cardiovascular disease from the Cardiovascular Health Study were included. RHR was taken from resting ECGs at the first five annual study visits. RHR mean, trend and variation were estimated with linear regression. Subjects were followed for incident MI and death until December 2010. HRs for RHR mean, trend and variation are reported for differences of 10 bpm, 2 bpm/year and 2 bpm, respectively. Results 262 subjects had an incident MI event (13%) and 1326 died (67%) during 12 years of median follow-up. In primary analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, RHR mean (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20) and variation (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13) were associated with the risk of death while trend was not. None of the RHR variables were significantly associated with the risk of incident MI events; however, CIs were wide and the MI associations with RHR variables were not significantly different from the mortality associations. Adjusting for additional variables did not affect estimates, and there were no significant interactions with sex. Conclusions Variation in RHR over a period of several years represents a potential predictor of long-term mortality among older persons free of cardiovascular disease.