Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced dislocation rate after hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures when changing from posterolateral to anterolateral approach

Background and purpose Recent studies have shown that compared to the posterolateral approach, the anterolateral approach reduces the risk of dislocation after hip arthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fractures. We have therefore started to use the anterolateral approach on these patients and we now report the consequences of this change for the dislocation rate. Patients and methods We chose two 1-year time periods, 2007 (n = 199) and 2008 (n = 173), the former being before and the latter after the implementation of the anterolateral approach as the standard incision for hip arthroplasties in patients with femoral neck fractures. During 2007, 77% of the hips were operated on with the posterolateral approach and in 2008, 78% of the hips were operated on using the anterolateral approach. Results The dislocation rate was reduced from 8% (16/199) in 2007 to 2% (3/173) in 2008. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the posterolateral approach was the only factor associated with an increased risk of dislocation, with an odds ratio of 8 (2–35). Age, sex, ASA classification, type of arthroplasty, cognitive dysfunction, or the experience of the surgeon had no effect on the risk of dislocation. Interpretation Since most of our surgeons had earlier used the posterolateral approach when performing hip arthroplasties in patients with a femoral neck fracture, this study shows our surgical learning curve. We conclude that a collective policy change regarding surgical approach for these patients is both feasible and to be recommended, as it leads to a substantial reduction in dislocation rate.
Metatarsophalangeal and Intermetatarsal Angle: Different Values and Interpretation of Postoperative Results Dependent on the Technique of Measurement

For measurement of the first metatarsophalangeal angle and intermetatarsal angle I-II, five different methods for drawing the axis of the first metatarsal have been published. This study aimed to evaluate differences in the resulting angles that depend on the method of drawing this axis. Using pre- and postoperative radiographs of 20 patients who had surgery on the hallux (chevron procedure), highly significant differences were found: mean values for the preoperative metatarsophalangeal angle ranged from 27.3° to 31.9° the mean postoperative values were calculated at 8.6° to 20.3°. The preoperative mean of intermetatarsal angle I-II showed values from 13.0° to 17.6° the postoperative mean ranged from 5.2° to 16.7°. These differences-especially in the postoperative evaluation-resulted in a postoperative improvement between 11.6° and 20.8° for the metatarsophalangeal angle and between 0.9° and 10.0° for the intermetatarsal angle. These wide differences seem to be unacceptable for angles as a criterion of success in surgery on the hallux. The reason for these discrepancies can be found in the different relations of the points of reference to the anatomical outline of the metatarsal and the site of osteotomy. As a consequence of this study, defining the axis of the first metatarsal as a line connecting the center of the articular surface of the metatarsal head and the center of the proximal articulation can be recommended as the most appropriate method. The resulting angles are independent of the type of surgery performed on the hallux.
Gradient Directed Regularization for Linear Regression and Classi…cation

Regularization in linear modeling is viewed as a two–stage process. First a set of candidate models is de…ned by a path through the space of joint parameter values, and then a point on this path is chosen to be the …nal model. Various path…nding strategies for the …rst stage of this process are examined, based on the notion of generalized gradient descent. Several of these strategies are seen to produce paths that closely correspond to those induced by commonly used penalization methods. Others give rise to new regularization techniques that are shown to be advantageous in some situations. In all cases, the gradient descent path…nding paradigm can be readily generalized to include the use of a wide variety of loss criteria, leading to robust methods for regression and classi…cation, as well as to apply user de…ned constraints on the parameter values, all with highly e¢ cient computational implementations.
A Study on Teachers' Occupational Burnout and Mental Health

Objective:To investigate the relationship between primary and secondary school teachers' occupational burnout and mental health.Methods: Maslach questionaiers about occupational burnout and mental (MBI) and SCL-90 were administrated to 528 primary and secondary school teachers. Results: (1) Correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlation between primary and secondary school teachers' occupational burnout and mental health. Emotional Exhaustion related highest to somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relation, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid. (2) Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the three dimensions of professional burnout predict significantly mental health, Emotional Exhaustion accounted most for the variance.Conclusion:Teachers occupational burnout is correlated with mental health. Different occupational burnout dimensions can all predict mental health.
Concerning the article by Lotze et al., 2006: combination of TMS and fMRI reveals a specific pattern of reorganization in M1 in patients after complete spinal cord injury.

We read with interest the article by Lotze, LaubisHerrmann and Topka (2006) in which they demonstrated an increased inhibition within the corticospinal tract of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Inhibition was measured by detecting the duration of the cortical silent period (cSP) of muscles above the level of the SCI (M. biceps brachii and M. abductor pollicis brevis). The cSP was significantly longer in the patients than in healthy subjects. Recently we also performeda study in a group of SCI patients and recorded the intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF) using the classical paired-pulse stimulation paradigm released by transcranial magnetic stimulation. A group of nine SCI patients (mean age of 36 years; range 29 to 46 years) who were all paraplegic at a lower thoracic level, participated in the experiments. In contrast to the experiments of Lotze, we only recorded from small hand muscles, namely the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI). The ICI/ICF was recorded by stimulating with two single pulses in a paired interval. The first was a conditioningpulse of subthreshold (80% of resting motor threshold) and the second (test pulse) of suprathreshold (120%) intensities (Weber & Eisen, 2002). Using short (3 ms) interstimulus intervals the conditioning pulse reduces the MEP-response of the test pulse (ICI) and longer intervals (10 ms) facilitate (ICF) it. For measuring the cSP subjects were instructed to precontract the FDI moderately while single stimuli (120% of resting motor threshold) were released on the corresponding motor cortex (Krause, Foerderreuther, & Straube, 2005). The patient’s data were compared with data from a group of healthy subjects ( n = 10), who were age and gender matched. This comparison revealed two interesting aspects. First, we can confirm the significantly (p < 0.05) longer cSP in SCI patients, when compared to healthy subjects. The duration of the cSP was around 153 ms at the right hand and 168 ms at the left in patients; durations in healthy subjects were 72 ms and 83 ms respectively. Second, the measurement of ICI/ICF did not show any statistically significant differences between both groups, SCI patients or healthy subjects. In the ICI paradigm MEP-amplitudes were reduced by around 36% on the right and 23% on the left motor cortex in patients. The inhibition was more pronounced in healthy subjects (52 and 60% for right and left motor cortex).
Changes in follicular fluid steroids, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding protein concentration, and proteolytic activity during equine follicular development.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate changes in equine follicular fluid insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) proteolytic activity as well as steroid, IGF, and IGFBP concentrations during follicular development in the mare. Mares (n = 14) were classified as either in the follicular phase (n = 8) or luteal phase (n = 6). Follicles (n = 92) were categorized as small (6 to 15 mm; n = 54), medium (16 to 25 mm; n = 23), or large (> 25 mm; n = 15), and follicular fluid was collected. Estradiol and androstenedione levels in follicular fluid were greater (P < 0.05), and IGFBP-3 concentrations tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in large than in small or medium follicles, whereas IGFBP-2, -4, and -5 levels were less (P < 0.05) in large than in small or medium follicles. Estradiol and androstenedione concentrations were negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with IGFBP-2, -4, and -5 but not IGFBP-3 concentrations. To evaluate proteolysis of IGFBP, follicular fluid was incubated with human 125I-labeled IGFBP-2, -3, and -5 and protein separated by 12% SDS-PAGE. Follicular fluid caused little or no proteolysis of 125I-lableled IGFBP-2 or -3, and the small amount of proteolysis of IGFBP-2 and -3 did not differ (P > 0.10) among follicle classes. However, more 125I-labeled IGFBP-5 was cleaved (P < 0.05) by follicular fluid from large follicles collected during the follicular phase than large follicles during the luteal phase, and small or medium follicles from follicular and luteal phase mares indicating that a protease to IGFBP-5 exists in estrogen-dominant equine follicles. This IGFBP-5 protease was inhibited by kallikrein/serine protease and metalloprotease inhibitors. We conclude that the tendency of estrogen-dominant follicles of mares to have greater levels of IGFBP-3 and lesser levels of IGFBP-2 does not appear to be due to differences in proteolysis, whereas changes in IGFBP-5 levels are likely due to changes in activity of a serine protease or metalloprotease. Changes in IGFBP may alter levels of bioavailable IGF that stimulate steroidogenesis and mitogenesis in developing mare follicles.
Dynamics of Receptor-Mediated Nanoparticle Internalization into Endothelial Cells

Nanoparticles offer a promising medical tool for targeted drug delivery, for example to treat inflamed endothelial cells during the development of atherosclerosis. To inform the design of such therapeutic strategies, we develop a computational model of nanoparticle internalization into endothelial cells, where internalization is driven by receptor-ligand binding and limited by the deformation of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. We specifically consider the case of nanoparticles targeted against ICAM-1 receptors, of relevance for treating atherosclerosis. The model computes the kinetics of the internalization process, the dynamics of binding, and the distribution of stresses exerted between the nanoparticle and the cell membrane. The model predicts the existence of an optimal nanoparticle size for fastest internalization, consistent with experimental observations, as well as the role of bond characteristics, local cell mechanical properties, and external forces in the nanoparticle internalization process.
Multiple Analyses of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Expression in the Development of Gefitinib-Resistance in Transforming Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

There is increasing evidence that functional crosstalk between GPCRs and EGFR contributes to the progression of colon, lung, breast, ovarian, prostate and head and neck tumors. In this study, we performed multiple analyses of GPCR expression in a gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, H1975, which harbors an L858R/T790M mutation. To determine the expression profile of mRNAs encoding 384 GPCRs in normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) and H1975 cells, a GPCR-specific microarray analysis was performed. A heat-map of the microarray revealed considerable differences in the expression of GPCRs between NHLF and H1975 cells. From the GPCR expression list, we selected some GPCR agonists/antagonist to investigate whether the respective ligands could affect the growth of H1975 cells. Among them, treatment with either a selective antagonist of adenosine A2a receptors, which were highly expressed in H1975 cell and another gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells, HCC827GR cells or “small interfering RNA” (siRNA) targeting adenosine A2a receptors produced a significant decrease in cell viability of both H1975 and HCC827GR cells. Among up-regulated GPCRs in H1975 cells, Gs-, Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCRs were expressed almost equally. Among down-regulated GPCRs, Gi-coupled GPCRs were dominantly expressed in H1975 cells. The present results suggest that multilayered crosstalk between GPCRs and EGFR may play an important role in orchestrating downstream signaling molecules that are implicated in the development of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC.
$\vec{XMM}$-$\vec{Newton}$ observations of the cluster of galaxies Abell 496: Measurements of the elemental abundances in the intracluster medium

The results from XMM-Newton observations of the relaxed cluster of galaxies Abell 496 are presented. The spatially-resolved X-ray spectra taken by the European Photon Imaging Cameras show a temperature drop and a Fe abundance increase in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) towards the cD galaxy at the cluster center. The abundances of Si and S also show a central enhancement. High resolution soft X-ray spectra obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers provides a strong constraint on the temperature structure in the central cool plasma. Furthermore, the O abundance at the cluster core is accurately measured based on the O viii Ly line detected with the RGS. Contrary to the Si, S, and Fe abundances, the O abundance is radially constant over the cluster.
Autonomous predictive driving for blind intersections

This paper presents a model for safe driving at blind intersections and its integration to a local planner based on a Frenet frame. The model predicts potential moving obstacles from blind intersections to proactively slow down to avoid potential collisions. The derivation of the model is described and its parameters are detailed. The local planner computes smooth trajectories with smooth velocity profiles so that the vehicle can follow the paths without jerk and sudden accelerations resulting in safe and comfortable navigation. Experimental results in simulation and in the real field with an autonomous car, show that the proposed predictive driving framework can reproduce human expert driver's trajectories and velocities when facing blind intersections.
Acetylcholine Increases Resting Membrane Potassium Conductance in Atrial but Not in Ventricular Muscle during Muscarinic Inhibition of Ca++‐Dependent Action Potentials in Chick Heart

In atrial and ventricular cells from hearts of hatched chicks, acetylcholine reduced the overshoot and the duration of action potentials recorded in normal Tyrode's solution (5.4 ITIM K+). This effect of acetylcholine is attributed to inhibition of the slow inward current-dependent portion of the action potential because acetylcholine reduced the overshoot, rate of rise, and duration of the Ca++/Na+-dependent action potential recorded in 25 rriM K+-Tyrode's solution. Depolarization of the membrane to about —40 mV by 25 n/M K+ inactivates the early inward Na+current but not the slow inward current-dependent component of the action potential. Inhibition by acetylcholine, which requires occupation of muscarinic receptors, occurs in the absence of catecholamines and is designated as ‘direct. ’ Muscarinic inhibition of atrial cells is associated with membrane hyperpolarization and a reduction of membrane resistance. In contrast, muscariruc inhibition of ventricular cells occurs without hyperpolarization or a change of membrane resistance. It is concluded that activation of atrial muscarinic receptors inhibits the slow inward currentdependent action potential by increasing outward background K+ current, and decreasing an inward Ca++/Na+ current. In the ventricle, muscarinic inhibition is probably achieved by decreasing an inward Ca++/Na+ current, alone. Inhibition by acetylcholine in ventricles is also distinguished by an interaction between muscarinic receptors and Ca++ entry that appears to be noncompetitive, a result previously described in amphibian ventricles. In contrast, inhibition of mammalian atria by acetylcholine is characterized by competitive interaction between muscarinic receptors and Ca++ influx. The results are consistent with our previously published model for the transition from ‘indirect’ (antiadrenergic) to ‘direct’ muscarinic inhibition observed after hatching. It is tentatively concluded that the transition from ‘direct’ to ‘indirect’ muscarinic inhibition is not due to a change in the membrane conductance activated by acetylcholine in ventricular cells but rather to a change in the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by the parasympathetic neurotransmitter.
Enhancing social tagging with automated keywords from the Dewey Decimal Classification

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of applying the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as an established knowledge organization system (KOS) for enhancing social tagging, with the ultimate purpose of improving subject indexing and information retrieval. Design/methodology/approach – Over 11,000 Intute metadata records in politics were used. Totally, 28 politics students were each given four tasks, in which a total of 60 resources were tagged in two different configurations, one with uncontrolled social tags only and another with uncontrolled social tags as well as suggestions from a controlled vocabulary. The controlled vocabulary was DDC comprising also mappings from the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Findings – The results demonstrate the importance of controlled vocabulary suggestions for indexing and retrieval: to help produce ideas of which tags to use, to make it easier to find focus for the tagging, to ensure consistency and to increase the number of access points.
Star Formation near Photodissociation Regions: Detection of a Peculiar Protostar near Cederblad 201

We present the detection and characterization of a peculiar low-mass protostar (IRAS 22129+7000) located ~0.4 pc from the Cederblad 201 photodissociation region (PDR) and ~0.2 pc from the HH 450 jet. The cold circumstellar envelope surrounding the object has been mapped through its 1.2 mm dust continuum emission with IRAM 30 m/MAMBO. The deeply embedded protostar is clearly detected with Spitzer MIPS (70 μm), IRS (20-35 μm), and IRAC (4.5, 5.8, and 8 μm), but also in the Ks band (2.15 μm). Given the large near- and mid-IR excess in its spectral energy distribution, but large submillimeter-to-bolometric luminosity ratio (≃2%), IRAS 22129+7000 must be a transition Class 0/I source and/or a multiple stellar system. Targeted observations of several molecular lines from CO,13CO, C18O, HCO+, and DCO+ have been obtained. The presence of a collimated molecular outflow mapped with the CSO telescope in the CO J = 3–2 line suggests that the protostar/disk system is still accreting material from its natal envelope. Indeed, optically thick line profiles from high-density tracers such as HCO+ J = 1–0 show a redshifted absorption asymmetry reminiscent of inward motions. We construct a preliminary physical model of the circumstellar envelope (including radial density and temperature gradients, velocity field, and turbulence) that reproduces the observed line profiles and estimates the ionization fraction. The presence of both mechanical and (nonionizing) far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiative input makes the region an interesting case to study triggered star formation.
The Effect of Regular Basketball Education on Children's Some Anthropometric Parametersand Vertical Jump

This study aims to examine the effect of 12-week regular basic basketball trainings on anthropometric measurements and vertical jump of children aged 8-10. The experimental group of the research consisted of 40 children whose average age was 9.04 ± 0.77 years and the control group consisted of 38 children whose average age was 8.97±0.72 years. Ability selection was made in order to determine these 78 children forming the experimental and control group. Pretest measurements of 40 children in the experimental group were made before basic basketball trainings that would last for 12 weeks and posttest measurements were made after trainings. The same measurements were taken from the other 38 children in the control group, yet any training was not applied to them. Basic basketball education was given in line with complete recovery principle to the experimental group for 12 weeks-three days a week and 90 minutes a day. SPSS 15.00 package program was used in order to evaluate the data obtained from the study and form the tables. Student's t test was used in the comparison of the experimental and control groups. Also, Wilcoxon test was used in the comparison of each group's pretests and posttests. The values of p<0.01 and p<0.05 were accepted as significance level for all statistical analysis. As a result, there was not a significant differences found between anthropometric measurements and vertical jump of the children after the basketball training
A qualitative study of the views of women aged 18-29 on over-the-counter availability of hormonal emergency contraception

Objective To explore women's views on the deregulation of hormonal emergency contraception (EC) prior to it becoming deregulated on 1 January 2001. Design Qualitative study using face to face, semi-structured interviews. Setting A NHS family planning clinic, a voluntary sector family planning clinic and a general practice in the South West region. Subjects Twenty-seven women aged 18-29 years. Results Most women were in favour of deregulation with over-the-counter provision perceived as quick, convenient and anonymous. Reservations regarding overuse and over-reliance upon EC mirror those of health professionals, although it was not felt that the increased accessibility of EC would lead to changes in sexual activity. Concerns that deregulation would promote an irresponsible attitude towards contraception were largely focused on younger women. Cost was generally regarded as a positive barrier to overuse. However, it was felt that the price should not be prohibitively high. A figure corresponding to the current prescription charge was most often cited. The pharmacy was the preferred choice of provider for most women. Conclusion Although most women in this study would prefer to obtain EC over-the-counter, the current charge of £20 is likely to prove a barrier.