Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Findings From the TransYouth Project: Gender Development in Transgender Children

Despite a dramatic increase in the number of socially transitioned transgender children (children who identify with the gender opposite their natal sex and who change their appearance and pronouns to align with that gender identity), little empirical research exists on transgender children’s gender development. Findings from the TransYouth Project, the first large, longitudinal study of socially transitioned transgender children, suggest that socially transitioned children’s gender development looks remarkably similar to their gender-typical, gender-matched peers and gender typical siblings. In this paper, we review findings from the few existing studies, connect this work to past work, and discuss future goals for better understanding gender development among transgender children.
Instructional Leadership: A Pathway to Teacher Collaboration and Student Achievement.

The purpose of this paper was to test the relationship between principals‟ instructional leadership and teacher collaboration around instruction to determine whether these measures were statistically related and whether, together, they were associated with academic achievement in elementary schools. Data were obtained from 1605 teachers in 96 elementary schools where principals are participating in a randomized control trial to assess the efficacy of a widely disseminated professional development program for school leaders. Using structural equation modeling, we found a significant direct effect of instructional leadership on teacher collaboration and a significant direct effect of collaboration on student achievement. Also, the indirect effect of leadership on student achievement through teacher collaboration was significant. These findings have implications for practitioners and researchers. 1 Pathway: Leadership, Collaboration, Achievement
Sentence Fusion via Dependency Graph Compression

We present a novel unsupervised sentence fusion method which we apply to a corpus of biographies in German. Given a group of related sentences, we align their dependency trees and build a dependency graph. Using integer linear programming we compress this graph to a new tree, which we then linearize. We use GermaNet and Wikipedia for checking semantic compatibility of co-arguments. In an evaluation with human judges our method outperforms the fusion approach of Barzilay & McKeown (2005) with respect to readability.
Cervical sympathetic block regulates early systemic inflammatory response in severe trauma patients

Background This aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one-side cervical sympathetic block on early inflammatory response in severe trauma patients. Material/Methods Thirty severe trauma patients with injury severity score (ISS) of 16 to 25 were randomly divided into treatment and control groups (n=15 each). Patients in the treatment group underwent a right-side stellate ganglion block (SGB) using 8 mL 0.75% ropivacaine for 4 times, with the first injection within 12 hr of admission and the other 3 injections were 12 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr later. The same procedures were performed for the control group except that normal saline was injected instead of ropivacaine. Blood was collected before injection and at 6 hr, 24 hr, and 72 hr after the first SGB for serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α measurement. Results The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α between 24 hr to 72 hr after SGB were all significantly lower than those in the control group (all P values <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 between treatment and control groups. There was no obvious impact of SGB on breathing and circulation except for a slower heart rate 10 to 50 min after injection (P<0.01). Conclusions SGB regulates early inflammatory response through inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α during severe trauma. SGB has no impact on the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of four monthly vitamin D supplementation on the rate of fractures in men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community. Design: Randomised double blind controlled trial of 100 000 IU oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation or matching placebo every four months over five years. Setting and participants: 2686 people (2037 men and 649 women) aged 65-85 years living in the general community, recruited from the British doctors register and a general practice register in Suffolk. Main outcome measures: Fracture incidence and total mortality by cause. Results: After five years 268 men and women had incident fractures, of whom 147 had fractures in common osteoporotic sites (hip, wrist or forearm, or vertebrae). Relative risks in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group were 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.99, P=0.04) for any first fracture and 0.67 (0.48 to 0.93, P=0.02) for first hip, wrist or forearm, or vertebral fracture. 471 participants died. The relative risk for total mortality in the vitamin D group compared with the placebo group was 0.88 (0.74 to 1.06, P=0.18). Findings were consistent in men and women and in doctors and the general practice population. Conclusion: Four monthly supplementation with 100 000 IU oral vitamin D may prevent fractures without adverse effects in men and women living in the general community. What is already known in this topic Vitamin D and calcium supplements are effective in preventing fractures in elderly women Whether isolated vitamin D supplementation prevents fractures is not clear What this paper adds Four monthly oral supplementation with 100 000 IU vitamin D reduces fractures in men and women aged over 65 living in the general community Total fracture incidence was reduced by 22% and fractures in major osteoporotic sites by 33%
An analysis of risk measures

losses such as value-at-risk may not contain enough, or the right, information for risk managers. This paper presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of a set of left-tail measures (LTMs): the mean and standard deviation of a loss larger than the VAR (MLL and SDLL) and the VAR. We investigate the empirical dynamics of the LTMs. We present a robust and unified framework, the Arch quantile regression approach, in estimating the LTMs. Our Monte Carlo simulation shows that the VAR is appropriate for risk management when returns follow Gaussian processes, but the MLL strategy and strategies accounting for the SDLL are useful in reducing the risk of large losses under non-normal distributions and when there are jumps in asset prices.
Neural Machine Translation with Recurrent Attention Modeling

Knowing which words have been attended to in previous time steps while generating a translation is a rich source of information for predicting what words will be attended to in the future. We improve upon the attention model of Bahdanau et al. (2014) by explicitly modeling the relationship between previous and subsequent attention levels for each word using one recurrent network per input word. This architecture easily captures informative features, such as fertility and regularities in relative distortion. In experiments, we show our parameterization of attention improves translation quality.
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS

Network analysis, an area of mathematical anthropology and sociology crucial to the linking of theory and observation, developed dramatically in recent decades. This made possible a new understanding of social dynamics as a synthesis of network theories. Concrete links can be identified between the actions of self-reflective agents, with rich information processing and decision processes deeply embedded in social worlds, and emergence or change in the self-restructuring systems they operate—including the emergence of organizations, groups, institutions, norms, and cultures.
Conversations for Connection: An Outcome Assessment of the Hold Me Tight Relationship Education Program for Couples

Hold Me Tight: Conversations for Connection is a relationship education program based on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT; Johnson 2004), an empirically supported model of couple therapy with roots in attachment theory. Currently, relationship education is mostly provided through skills-based programs with a focus on teaching communication, problem-solving and conflict resolution skills from the social-learning perspective. The HMT program is different; it targets attachment and emotional connection – aspects central to relationship functioning as identified in the literature. The present study is the first outcome study of the HMT program. The purpose of the study was to examine the trajectory of change for relationship satisfaction, trust, attachment, intimacy, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Couples who participated in this study were from several cities across Canada and the United States. The trajectory for the outcome variables were modeled across baseline, pre-program, post-program and follow-up in a sample of 95 couples participating in 16 HMT program groups. Results of a four-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM: Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002) analysis demonstrated a significant cubic growth pattern for relationship satisfaction, trust, attachment avoidance, depressive and anxiety symptoms demonstrating no change from baseline to pre-program and improvements from pre-program to post-program. Scores returned to pre-program levels at follow-up. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that the changes from preto post-program were significant with a large effect size. We also looked at couples’ reported ability to engage in the conversations from the program and found that mean scores declined from post-program to follow-up. The results of this initial pilot study suggest that the HMT program is a promising alternative to existing relationship
The Welfare Cost of Bank Capital Requirements

Capital requirements are the cornerstone of modern bank regulation, yet little is known about their welfare cost. This paper measures this cost and finds that it is surprisingly large. I present a simple framework, which embeds the role of liquidity creating banks in an otherwise standard general equilibrium growth model. A capital requirement limits the moral hazard on the part of banks that arises due to deposit insurance. However, this capital requirement is also costly because it reduces the ability of banks to create liquidity. The key insight is that equilibrium asset returns reveal the strength of households' preferences for liquidity and this allows for the derivation of a simple formula for the welfare cost of capital requirements that is a function of observable variables only. Using US data, the welfare cost of current capital adequacy regulation is found to be equivalent to a permanent loss in consumption of between 0.1% and 1%. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Video summarization using personal photo libraries

In this paper, we propose a video summarization system which takes into account users' individual preferences by using their personal photo libraries. Nowadays it is common, especially among people of younger generations, to store thousands of photos inside their PCs and manage them using software such as iPhoto and Picasa. These personal photo libraries contain rich information about the user's tastes, personalities, and lifestyles. Since still photos are in many aspects similar to video as a medium, we assume that these personal photo libraries can be used to estimate users' preferences on video summarization.Our system first divides a movie into short segments, and uses image classification techniques to judge whether each segment is meaningful to the user or not. If many photos with contents similar to the segment can be found in the user's photo library, the segment is judged as being "important" to the user. Conventional image classification techniques use public or commercial photo databases as training data, while our system uses personal photo libraries. This difference leads to the need of several modifications in the classification process.We have implemented a prototype version of our system, and have validated the effectiveness of our approach through evaluating both the accuracy of our image classification algorithm, and users' subjective satisfaction levels of the summarization results.
Preference for Second-Generation African Immigrants Over Native-Born Black Americans: A College Admission Simulation

ABSTRACT Two studies examined preferences for second-generation African immigrants over Black American natives in a college admission simulation. Study 1 showed that a Black American native applicant was less likely to be admitted when his competitor was a second-generation African immigrant applicant relative to a White American competitor. Study 2 showed that this preference did not occur when the two applicants of color were not in competition. Stereotypes and perceived SES did not explain these findings. Discussion suggests that accepting second-generation African immigrants may cover for prejudice by providing a socially desirable alternative to accepting Black American native applicants.
Del Pezzo surfaces and representation theory

The connection between del Pezzo surfaces and root systems goes back to Coxeter and Du Val, and was given modern treatment by Manin in his seminal book “Cubic forms”. Batyrev conjectured that a universal torsor on a del Pezzo surface can be embedded into a projective homogeneous space of the semisimple group with the same root system, equivariantly with respect to the maximal torus action. Computational proofs of this conjecture based on the structure of the Cox ring have been given recently by Popov and Derenthal. We give a new proof of Batyrev’s conjecture using an inductive process, interpreting the blowing-up of a point on a del Pezzo surface in terms of representations of Lie algebras corresponding to Hermitian symmetric pairs.
Dead reckoning localisation technique for mobile wireless sensor networks

Localisation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) not only provides a node with its geographical location but also a basic requirement for other applications such as geographical routing. Although a rich literature is available for localisation in static WSN, not enough work is done for mobile WSNs, owing to the complexity because of node mobility. Most of the existing techniques for localisation in mobile WSNs use Monte Carlo localisation (MCL), which is not only time consuming but also memory intensive. They, consider either the unknown nodes or anchor nodes to be static. In this study, the authors propose a technique called dead reckoning localisation for mobile WSNs (DRLMSN). In the proposed technique all nodes (unknown nodes as well as anchor nodes) are mobile. Localisation in DRLMSN is done at discrete time intervals called checkpoints. Unknown nodes are localised for the first time using three anchor nodes. For their subsequent localisations, only two anchor nodes are used. The proposed technique estimates two possible locations of a node using Bezout's theorem. A dead reckoning approach is used to select one of the two estimated locations. The authors have evaluated DRLMSN through simulation using Castalia simulator, and is compared with a similar technique called received signal strength-MCL proposed by Wang and Zhu (2008).
Distributed Neural Systems Underlying the Timing of Movements

Timing is essential to the execution of skilled movements, yet our knowledge of the neural systems underlying timekeeping operations is limited. Using whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging, subjects were imaged while tapping with their right index finger in synchrony with tones that were separated by constant intervals [Synchronization (S)], followed by tapping without the benefit of an auditory cue [Continuation (C)]. Two control conditions followed in which subjects listened to tones and then made pitch discriminations (D). Both the S and the C conditions produced equivalent activation within the left sensorimotor cortex, the right cerebellum (dorsal dentate nucleus), and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). Only the C condition produced activation of a medial premotor system, including the caudal supplementary motor area (SMA), the left putamen, and the left ventrolateral thalamus. The C condition also activated a region within the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which is functionally interconnected with auditory cortex. Both control conditions produced bilateral activation of the STG, and the D condition also activated the rostral SMA. These results suggest that the internal generation of precisely timed movements is dependent on three interrelated neural systems, one that is involved in explicit timing (putamen, ventrolateral thalamus, SMA), one that mediates auditory sensory memory (IFG, STG), and another that is involved in sensorimotor processing (dorsal dentate nucleus, sensorimotor cortex).
A mobile robot that performs human acceptable motions

The presence of humans should be explicitly taken into account in all steps of robot's design and particularly for robot motion. The robot should reason about human partner's accessibility, his vision field and potential shared motions and behave as a social being by respecting social rules and protocols. This paper describes the algorithms and results of a navigation planner that takes into account the human presence explicitly. This planner is part of a human-aware motion and manipulation planning and control system that we aim to develop in order to achieve motion and manipulation tasks in presence and/or in synergy with human
Boron in Human Health: Evidence for Dietary Recommendations and Public Policies

For over twenty years boron has been of interest to investigators confirming the safety and essentiality of the element in humans. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and pulses are natural sources of boron in the diet which world wide averages about 1-3 mg daily for most adults. In boron-rich regions of Turkey drinking water sources with 29 mg boron/liter are consumed without harmful effects. The European Union established a safe drinking water standard of 1.0 mg boron/ litre a level difficult for some regions to achieve. Safe standards are difficult to establish due to limited information and widely varying boron concentrations in food and water, high exposures in boron-rich regions or occupational settings and voluntary intakes, for example, of boron containing products. Current research implicates boron as an essential nutrient in humans demonstrating healthful effects in cellular functions associated with osteoporosis, arthritis, inflammation and cancer. Proposed mechanisms of action implicate that boron, found in cells as boric acid, participates in important membrane functions and intracellular signaling cascades. Traditionally, biochemical mechanisms associated with health- fully beneficial effects are needed for nutrients to meet the criteria for essentiality in humans. While boron meets the traditional criteria to be determined essential in humans the research process has provided additional insight into essential- ity for boron insight that essentiality for trace elements may based on different criteria. The study of boron in living systems provides a more fundamentally important role by demonstrating functions for trace elements differing from those needed to confirm essentiality previously for carbon based compounds, i.e., carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins in human nutrition. To conclude, boron can be a model element to introduce a new field of study, "elementomics". Further studies from boron-rich areas are needed to determine essentiality, dietary requirements, metabolic functions, therapeutic applications, economic benefits and important public policies for boron, a biologically important trace element.
Overlapping defaults. The case of intertemporal choices

People make different choices depending on which decision is the default option. In intertemporal choices, the default option is typically imposed externally. For example, people expect more for delaying the gain (default in the present) than are willing to pay for accelerating the future gain over the same period (default in the future). We claim that apart from the external default, people’s choices are also influenced by the internal (natural) default such as the time perspective resulting in the reference point in the present. By manipulating the congruency between the internal and external defaults, we show that incongruence between defaults decreases the strength of discounting of gains, but not of losses.
An Out-of-Domain Test Suite for Dependency Parsing of German

We present a dependency conversion of five German test sets from five different genres. The dependency representation is made as similar as possible to the dependency representation of TiGer, one of the two big syntactic treebanks of German. The purpose of these test sets is to enable researchers to test dependency parsing models on several different data sets from different text genres. We discuss some easy to compute statistics to demonstrate the variation and differences in the test sets and provide some baseline experiments where we test the effect of additional lexical knowledge on the out-of-domain performance of two state-of-the-art dependency parsers. Finally, we demonstrate with three small experiments that text normalization may be an important step in the standard processing pipeline when applied in an out-of-domain setting.
Essays in Behavioral Strategy : Re-biased Search, Misconceived Complexity, and Cognitive Aliens

This work centers on the tenet that organizational rationality is bounded: decision makers search, satisfice, and think in the way that is typical (in its integrity) only of humans. The dissertation explores this interplay between search and decision maker’s cognition and demonstrates how biases in characteristic aspects of our thinking can be instruments of behavioral strategy.As a starting point, I take search, sequential generation and evaluation of alternatives, as the first primitive of bounded rationality and complement it with integral elements of human cognition, such as automatic, intuitive thinking, specifically affect heuristic, and imperfect mental representations of reality. With the help of computational models, I track the effects of the corresponding biases (systematic affective preferences and systematic errors in mental representations) over time as organizations adapt to complex environments. This allows me to identify life cycles of the elements of human cognition and show that organizations should manage (rather than eliminate) some biases over time. Finally, I derive predictions and empirically test a subset of my propositions.In conclusion, this work aims to advance the emerging theory of behavioral strategy by jointly considering different primitives of bounded rationality and integrating them with the existing knowledge in organization sciences. A broad question that motivates this work is how organizations can manage the many bounds to human rationality.