Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OSC2 and CYP716A14v2 Catalyze the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids for the Cuticle of Aerial Organs of Artemisia annua

Comparative RNA-seq analysis of glandular and filamentous trichomes from Artemisia annua reveals the biosynthesis pathway to 3-oxo triterpenes that accumulate in the cuticular wax of A. annua’s aerial organs. Artemisia annua is widely studied for its ability to accumulate the antimalarial sesquiterpenoid artemisinin. In addition to producing a variety of sesquiterpenoids, A. annua also accumulates mono-, di-, and triterpenoids, the majority of which are produced in the glandular trichomes. A. annua also has filamentous trichomes on its aerial parts, but little is known of their biosynthesis potential. Here, through a comparative transcriptome analysis between glandular and filamentous trichomes, we identified two genes, OSC2 and CYP716A14v2, encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of specialized triterpenoids in A. annua. By expressing these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, we characterized the catalytic function of these proteins and could reconstitute the specialized triterpenoid spectrum of A. annua in these heterologous hosts. OSC2 is a multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase that produces α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and δ-amyrin. CYP716A14v2 is a P450 belonging to the functionally diverse CYP716 family and catalyzes the oxidation of pentacyclic triterpenes, leading to triterpenes with a carbonyl group at position C-3, thereby providing an alternative biosynthesis pathway to 3-oxo triterpenes. Together, these enzymes produce specialized triterpenoids that are constituents of the wax layer of the cuticle covering the aerial parts of A. annua and likely function in the protection of the plant against biotic and abiotic stress.
Normal Blood Pressure

Have a family history of high blood • pressure Are African American • Are overweight • Have chronic kidney (renal) disease • Are over age 50 • Symptoms of high blood pressure include headaches or swelling. However, it is possible to have high blood pressure without any symptoms. You can find out if you have high blood pressure by having your blood pressure checked regularly by a doctor or other trained health care professional.
Splittings of von Neumann rho‐invariants of knots

We give a sufficient condition under which the vanishing property of Cochran–Orr–Teichner knot concordance obstructions splits under connected sum. The condition is described in terms of self‐annihilating submodules with respect to higher‐order Blanchfield linking forms. This extends the results of Levine and the authors on distinguishing knots with coprime Alexander polynomials up to concordance. As an application, we show that the knots constructed by Cochran, Orr and Teichner as the first examples of nonslice knots with vanishing Casson–Gordon invariants are not concordant to any knots of genus one. This gives the first examples of concordance genus two knots with vanishing Casson–Gordon invariants.
Overview of the Stereo and Multiview Video Coding Extensions of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Standard

Significant improvements in video compression capability have been demonstrated with the introduction of the H.264/MPEG-4 advanced video coding (AVC) standard. Since developing this standard, the Joint Video Team of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) has also standardized an extension of that technology that is referred to as multiview video coding (MVC). MVC provides a compact representation for multiple views of a video scene, such as multiple synchronized video cameras. Stereo-paired video for 3-D viewing is an important special case of MVC. The standard enables inter-view prediction to improve compression capability, as well as supporting ordinary temporal and spatial prediction. It also supports backward compatibility with existing legacy systems by structuring the MVC bitstream to include a compatible “base view. ” Each other view is encoded at the same picture resolution as the base view. In recognition of its high-quality encoding capability and support for backward compatibility, the stereo high profile of the MVC extension was selected by the Blu-Ray Disc Association as the coding format for 3-D video with high-definition resolution. This paper provides an overview of the algorithmic design used for extending H.264/MPEG-4 AVC towards MVC. The basic approach of MVC for enabling inter-view prediction and view scalability in the context of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is reviewed. Related supplemental enhancement information (SEI) metadata is also described. Various “frame compatible” approaches for support of stereo-view video as an alternative to MVC are also discussed. A summary of the coding performance achieved by MVC for both stereo- and multiview video is also provided. Future directions and challenges related to 3-D video are also briefly discussed.
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects about 5-25% of patients with psoriasis. The prevalence varies from 20-420 per 100,000 population across the world, except in Japan where it is 1 per 100,000. In about 80% of cases the presence of psoriasis precedes the onset of psoriatic arthritis. There is not a strong correlation between the severity of psoriasis and the development of arthritis, although psoriatic arthritis may be present more frequently in patients with psoriasis attending dermatology clinics, compared to primary care. The prevalence of psoriasis in the general population is estimated at 2-3%. Psoriasis is associated with joint disease in a significant proportion of patients (reported in one study to be 13.8%). The disease is autoimmune-mediated with defined HLA associations (HLA-B27, -B17, -CW6, -DR4, DR7 and others).
A sensitivity study of annual area change for Greenland ice sheet marine terminating outlet glaciers: 1999–2013

ABSTRACT The mass flux from marine terminating glacier outlets from the Greenland ice sheet is a significant mass budget term. Yet, glacier calving sensitivity to climate parameters is not well understood. In this study, the front area changes of 42 marine terminating Greenland outlet glaciers were measured annually from 1999 to 2013 using optical satellite imagery. Thirty-five glaciers retreated, while seven remained stable. The average front position change was −240 m a−1 and the total rate of front area change was −114 km2 a−1. The yearly average area changes of all measured glaciers are compared with interannual variations in sea surface temperature (SST), sea-ice concentration (SIC), surface melt, Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface air temperatures and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. We find: (1) northwestern glaciers area change have a significant correlation with surface melt and NH land temperature variations; (2) southeastern glaciers have a significant correlation with local SST, SIC and NH temperatures; and (3) southwestern glaciers area change correlate significantly with local SST and NAO index. We conclude that a climate sensitivity signal emerges considering a population of glaciers. Further, we find a significant correlation between the date of minimum extent and glacier latitude. Area change data are available from http://GAC.geus. dk.
Control of Sty1 MAPK activity through stabilisation of the Pyp2 MAPK phosphatase

Summary In all eukaryotes tight control of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity plays an important role in modulating intracellular signalling in response to changing environments. The fission yeast MAPK Sty1 (also known as Spc1 or Phh1) is highly activated in response to a variety of external stresses. To avoid segregation of damaged organelles or chromosomes, strong Sty1 activation transiently blocks mitosis and cell division until such stresses have been dealt with. MAPK phosphatases dephosphorylate Sty1 to reduce kinase activity. Therefore, tight control of MAPK phosphatases is central for stress adaptation and for cell division to resume. In contrast to Pyp1, the fission yeast Pyp2 MAPK phosphatase is under environmental control. Pyp2 has a unique sequence (the linker region) between the catalytic domain and the N-terminal MAPK-binding site. Here we show that the Pyp2 linker region is a destabilisation domain. Furthermore, the linker region is highly phosphorylated to increase Pyp2 protein stability and this phosphorylation is Sty1 dependent. Our data suggests that Sty1 activation promotes Pyp2 phosphorylation to increase the stability of the phosphatase. This MAPK-dependent Pyp2 stabilisation allows cells to attenuate MAPK signalling and resume cell division, once stresses have been dealt with.
Mental health system in Saudi Arabia: an overview

Background There is evidence that mapping mental health systems (MHSs) helps in planning and developing mental health care services for users, families, and other caregivers. The General Administration of Mental Health and Social Services of the Ministry of Health over the past 4 years has sought to streamline the delivery of mental health care services to health consumers in Saudi Arabia. Objective We overview here the outcome of a survey that assessed the Saudi MHS and suggest strategic steps for its further improvement. Method The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems was used systematically to collect information on the Saudi MHS in 2009–2010, 4 years after a baseline assessment. Results Several mental health care milestones, especially provision of inpatient mental health services supported by a ratified Mental Health Act, were achieved during this period. However, community mental health care services are needed to match international trends evident in developed countries. Similarly, a larger well-trained mental health workforce is needed at all levels to meet the ever-increasing demand of Saudi society. Conclusion This updated MHS information, discussed in light of international data, will help guide further development of the MHS in Saudi Arabia in the future, and other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region may also benefit from Saudi experience.
Salivary DJ-1 could be an indicator of Parkinson's disease progression

Objective: The goal of the current investigation was to explore whether salivary DJ-1 could be a potential biomarker for monitoring disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) by evaluating the association between salivary DJ-1 concentrations and nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. Methods: First, in 74 patients with PD and 12 age-matched normal controls, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with labeled dopamine transporters (DAT) (99mTc-TRODAT-1), which has been used for measuring DAT density in PD was prformed. Then, the DJ-1 level in their saliva was analyzed by quantitative and sensitive Luminex assay and compared to caudate or putamen DAT density. Finally, based on the above, our cross-section study was carried out in 376 research volunteers (285 patients with PD and 91 healthy controls) to measure salivary DJ-1 level. Results: From our analysis, we found a correlation between salivary concentration of DJ-1 and putamen nucleus uptake of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 in the PD group. Although salivary DJ-1 levels were not affected by UPDRS scores, gender, age, and pharmacotherapy, DJ-1 levels in H&Y 4 stage of PD were higher than those in H&Y 1-3 stage as well as those in healthy controls. Salivary DJ-1 also decreased significantly in mixed type PD patients compared to the tremor-dominant type (TDT) and akinetic-rigid dominant type (ARDT) PD patients. Conclusions: According to the investigation in a large cohort, we reported for the first time the prognostic potential of the salivary DJ-1 as a biomarker for evaluating nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in PD.
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: from bench to bedside

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome or so-called ‘channelopathy’. CPVT is characterised by the occurrence of adrenergic mediated polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias (figure 1). 1 The prevalence of CPVT in the general population is unknown, but has been estimated at 1 in 10 000. Although a rare disease, recognition of CPVT is important because of its high mortality rate of up to 50% in severely affected untreated individuals up to the age of 20 years.1 Accordingly, CPVT probably plays a significant role in autopsy negative, sudden unexplained death of young individuals,w1 and sudden infant death syndrome (ie, sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a death scene and medicolegal investigation, including a complete autopsy and clinical history review). 2 Figure 1 Polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias during a treadmill exercise test of a 68-year-old female RYR2 mutation associated catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia patient. (A) Rest ECG. (B–D) ECGs during exercise, showing an increasing polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia burden, starting with isolated and bigeminal ventricular premature beats, and ending with bidirectional and polymorphic couplets and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. For the last 15 years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of genetic, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects of CPVT. The aim of this article is to offer a perspective on molecular genetics, disease pathogenesis, clinical and genetic diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis in CPVT. The familial nature of CPVT was recognised in 1960 by Berg, who described three sisters with Adams–Stokes syndrome and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in the absence of organic heart disease, one of whom died suddenly.w2 This hypothesis became even more probable when Coumel and co-workers from Paris published their two reports in 1978w3 and 1995,1 which provided the basis for acknowledging CPVT as a distinct disease entity. In 1999 Swan …
Welding Fumes Citation for Most Recent Iarc Review Iarc Monographs 49, 1990 Current Evaluation Conclusion from the Previous Monograph Current Classification Group 2b

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of welding fumes and gases. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of welding fumes. Exposure and biomonitoring The number of workers worldwide whose work involves some welding is estimated to be about three million. Most welding is performed using electric arc processes-manual metal arc, metal inert gas and tungsten inert gas welding – and most welding is on mild steel. Welders are exposed to a range of fumes and gases (evaporated metal, metal oxides, hydrocarbons, nanoparticles, ozone, oxides of nitrogen (NOx)) depending on the electrodes, filler wire and flux materials used in the process, but also physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Fume particles contain a wide variety of oxides and salts of metals and other compounds, which are produced mainly from electrodes, filler wire and flux materials. Fumes from the welding of stainless-steel and other alloys contain nickel compounds and chromium[VI] and [III]. Ozone is formed during most electric arc welding, and exposures can be high in comparison to the exposure limit, particularly during metal inert gas welding of aluminium. Oxides of nitrogen are found during manual metal arc welding and particularly during gas welding. Welders who weld painted mild steel can also be exposed to a range of organic compounds produced by pyrolysis. Welders, especially in shipyards, may also be exposed to asbestos dust. Physical exposures such as electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are also common. Biomarkers of exposure or effect There are several biomarkers of exposure and effect for various exposures in welding: saliva Mn, serum Mn, urine Mn, Centromere-positive micronuclei in periphery blood lymphocytes, DNA protein-crosslinks in peripheral white blood cells, oxidative stress as urinary 8OHdG, and long-term oxidative damage measured as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (measure of systemic oxidative stress) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (product of lipid peroxidation and reflect tissue injuries). Occupational exposure Different welding environments may present different and complex profiles of exposures. In a Swedish study to characterize welding fume aerosol (Isaxon et al., 2008), nanoparticles in mild steel metal active gas welding showed a mass median diameter (MMMD) of 200-300 nm.
Multi-organ resections for colorectal cancer: analysis of potential factors with role in the occurrence of postoperative complications and deaths.

AIM Multi-organ resection for colorectal malignancy is a topic of interest nowadays as it raises the issue of benefits versus increased morbidity. This study aims to identify factors that may influence the development of postoperative complications and death following multivisceral resection. METHODS The study included 107 patients hospitalized in the Surgical Clinic III of Cluj-Napoca, who underwent multivisceral resections for colorectal cancer pathology. This is a retrospective study covering the period between 2006 and 2010. This study compares the morbidity and mortality following multi-organ resections for locally advanced colorectal cancer, with results in patients with uncomplicated colorectal resections. The study also highlights the impact that certain factors have on the development of postoperative complications. RESULTS This study shows a higher incidence of death and postoperative complications in the case of multiorgan resections. The differences were found to be statistically significant as follows: postoperative complications: 26% after multiorgan resection and 14% after uncomplicated resection respectively (p = 0.001); postoperative death: 11% after multi-organ resection and 3% after uncomplicated resection respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that have influenced in a negative way the postoperative evolution of the patients were: diabetes, personal history of malignant disease, associated heart disease, major abdominal surgery prior enrolling, the number of resected organs and increased intraoperative blood loss (over 500 ml). CONCLUSION In cases of locally advanced colorectal neoplasm, multiorgan resection should become the standard indication, as it offers patients their only chance of survival, comparable to that obtained in less advanced stages of the disease. This indication is underlined by the high resecability rate (R0) accomplished in our service. Preoperative compensation of the associated pathologies, the surgery performed by experienced teams, as well as providing an adequate intensive care are required to reduce the postoperative risks.
Measuring computer science pedagogical content knowledge: An exploratory analysis of teaching vignettes to measure teacher knowledge

The initiatives to introduce Computer Science as a mandatory subject in K-12 in the U.S. (CSForAll), the U.K. (CAS), or Australia mean that thousands of new teachers will need to be trained both through inservice professional development and preservice teacher preparation. In order to examine the success of these efforts to train new computer science teachers requires computer science education researchers to evaluate the development of knowledge to teach computer science, i.e. pedagogical content knowledge. To date, we know little about how computer science pedagogical content knowledge looks like and how to assess it. This paper reports results from a qualitative analysis of computer science teachers' responses to teaching vignettes about students' understanding of programming constructs. The responses were evaluated using qualitative text analysis and commonalities are presented. In future research, the teachers' knowledge related to programming errors will be investigated on the basis of a survey developed from the answers of the presented study.
Salience and Valence of Appearance in a Population with a Visible Difference of Appearance: Direct and Moderated Relationships with Self-Consciousness, Anxiety and Depression

Psychometric measures of appearance salience and valence, CARSAL and CARVAL, have been previously demonstrated to be key factors underpinning appearance related self-consciousness and negative affect in the general population. However, the extent to which the scales are appropriate for people with a visibly different appearance has not previously been reported. Neither has the moderating effect of appearance salience (CARSAL) on the relationship between appearance valence (CARVAL) and appearance self-consciousness, previously shown in a general population sample, been replicated with people who are visibly different. Twelve hundred and sixty five participants with a visible difference in either secondary care (n = 651) or the community (n = 614) provided data. Analysis confirmed the psychometric qualities of both CARSAL and CARVAL, and the conceptual independence of each scale. The scales also demonstrated independent and interdependent relationships with social anxiety and avoidance in relation to appearance, depression and anxiety. Appearance salience moderated the relationship with valence on these psychosocial measures. In summary, this paper corroborates the use of CARSAL and CARVAL with both visibly different and general adult populations for the measurement of appearance salience and valence.
Gradient field-based task assignment in an AGV transportation system

Assigning tasks to agents is complex, especially in highly dynamic environments. Typical protocol-based approaches for task assignment such as Contract Net have proven their value, however, they may not be flexible enough to cope with continuously changing circumstances. In this paper we study and validate the feasibility of a field-based approach for task assignment in a complex problem domain.In particular, we apply the field-based approach for task assignment in an AGV transportation system. In this approach, transports emit fields into the environment that attract idle AGVs. To avoid multiple AGVs driving towards the same transport, AGVs emit repulsive fields. AGVs combine received fields and follow the gradient of the combined fields, that guide them towards pick locations of transports. The AGVs continuously reconsider the situation of the environment and task assignment is delayed until the load is picked, improves the flexibility of the system.Extensive experiments indicate that the field-based approach outperforms the standard Contract Net approach on various performance measures, such as the average wait time of transports and throughput. Limitations of the field-based approach are an unequal distribution of wait times across different transports and a small increase of bandwidth occupation.
Dre recombinase, like Cre, is a highly efficient site-specific recombinase in E. coli, mammalian cells and mice

SUMMARY Tyrosine site-specific recombinases (SSRs) including Cre and FLP are essential tools for DNA and genome engineering. Cre has long been recognized as the best SSR for genome engineering, particularly in mice. Obtaining another SSR that is as good as Cre will be a valuable addition to the genomic toolbox. To this end, we have developed and validated reagents for the Dre-rox system. These include an Escherichia coli-inducible expression vector based on the temperature-sensitive pSC101 plasmid, a mammalian expression vector based on the CAGGs promoter, a rox-lacZ reporter embryonic stem (ES) cell line based on targeting at the Rosa26 locus, the accompanying Rosa26-rox reporter mouse line, and a CAGGs-Dre deleter mouse line. We also show that a Dre-progesterone receptor shows good ligand-responsive induction properties. Furthermore, we show that there is no crossover recombination between Cre-rox or Dre-loxP. Hence, we add another set of efficient tools to the genomic toolbox, which will enable the development of more sophisticated mouse models for the analysis of gene function and disease.