Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revised Lithostratigraphy of the Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic) in the Southern Part of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona

Background Recent revisions to the Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park have presented a three-part lithostratigraphic model based on unconventional correlations of sandstone beds. As a vertebrate faunal transition is recorded within this stratigraphic interval, these correlations, and the purported existence of a depositional hiatus (the Tr-4 unconformity) at about the same level, must be carefully re-examined. Methodology/Principal Findings Our investigations demonstrate the neglected necessity of walking out contacts and mapping when constructing lithostratigraphic models, and providing UTM coordinates and labeled photographs for all measured sections. We correct correlation errors within the Sonsela Member, demonstrate that there are multiple Flattops One sandstones, all of which are higher than the traditional Sonsela sandstone bed, that the Sonsela sandstone bed and Rainbow Forest Bed are equivalent, that the Rainbow Forest Bed is higher than the sandstones at the base of Blue Mesa and Agate Mesa, that strata formerly assigned to the Jim Camp Wash beds occur at two stratigraphic levels, and that there are multiple persistent silcrete horizons within the Sonsela Member. Conclusions/Significance We present a revised five-part model for the Sonsela Member. The units from lowest to highest are: the Camp Butte beds, Lot's Wife beds, Jasper Forest bed (the Sonsela sandstone)/Rainbow Forest Bed, Jim Camp Wash beds, and Martha's Butte beds (including the Flattops One sandstones). Although there are numerous degradational/aggradational cycles within the Chinle Formation, a single unconformable horizon within or at the base of the Sonsela Member that can be traced across the entire western United States (the “Tr-4 unconformity”) probably does not exist. The shift from relatively humid and poorly-drained to arid and well-drained climatic conditions began during deposition of the Sonsela Member (low in the Jim Camp Wash beds), well after the Carnian-Norian transition.
Factor Structure of Adoptive Parent-Child Relationship Items From the National Study of Adoptive Parents

This study examines the factor structure of 8 questions regarding parent and adopted child relationships from the National Study of Adoptive Parents (NSAP). The study sample consists of 2,089 adoptive parents whose adopted child is between the 6 months and 17 years of age. The sample was randomly split into two groups to conduct exploratory and confirmatory analyses. An exploratory factor analysis conducted on the first subsample (n = 1,045) yielded single and 2-factor structures. Confirmatory analyses were conducted on the second subsample (n = 1,044) for both models. The single factor and 2-factor models demonstrate good fit, with all items loading significantly on the factor(s). However, the 2-factor structure is a better fit based on the literature that highlights the importance of closeness in the parent—child relationship and preadoptive expectations of that relationship, as well as the model’s ability to represent both constructs effectively. Thus, the 8 items from the NSAP study can be used as a 2-factor measure of parent—child relationships among adoptive parents.
Subjective dialect division in Great Britain

L'A. examine la representation mentale qu'ont les etudiants anglais de la repartition geographique des dialectes en Grande-Bretagne. Il semble que cette representation soit largement influencee par la division geographique Ecosse, Pays de Galles, Irelande du Nord, Angleterre. L'etude permet une meilleure comprehension de la structure dialectale de l'anglais en Grande-Bretagne et permet de tester la validite d'une methodologie deja utilisee par l'A. a propos de la representation dialectale au Japon
FMRFamide gene and peptide expression during central nervous system development of the cephalopod mollusk, Idiosepius notoides

SUMMARY Mollusks are a showcase of brain evolution represented by several classes with a varying degree of nervous system centralization. Cellular and molecular processes involved in the evolution of the highly complex cephalopod brain from a simple, monoplacophoran‐like ancestor are still obscure and homologies on the cellular level are poorly established. FMRFamide (Phe‐Ile‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2)‐related peptides (FaRPs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved and diverse group of neuropeptides in the central nervous system (CNS) of many metazoans. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the developing FMRFamide‐like immunoreactive (Fa‐lir) CNS of the pygmy squid Idiosepius notoides using gene expression analyses and immunocytochemistry. The open reading frame of the I. notoides FMRFamide gene InFMRF predicts one copy each of FIRFamide, FLRFamide (Phe‐Leu‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2), ALSGDAFLRFamide (Ala‐Leu‐Ser‐Gly‐Asp‐Ala‐Phe‐Leu‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2), and 11 copies of FMRFamide. Applying matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (ToF) mass spectrometry‐based peptide profiling, we characterized all predicted FaRPs except ALSGDAFLRFamide. Two cell clusters express InFMRF and show FMRFamide‐like‐immunoreactivity within the palliovisceral ganglia, that is, the future posterior subesophageal mass, during the lobe differentiation phase. They project neurites via ventral axonal tracts, which form the scaffold of the future subesophageal mass. In the supraesophageal mass, InFMRF is first expressed during mid‐embryogenesis in the superior and inferior buccal lobes. A neurite of the peduncle commissure represents the first Fa‐lir element. Later, the sub‐ and supraesophageal mass interconnect via Fa‐lir neurites and more brain lobes express InFMRF and FMRFamide‐like peptides. InFMRF expression was observed in fewer brain lobes than Fa‐lir elements. The early expression of InFMRF and FMRFamide‐lir peptides in the visceral system and not the remaining CNS of the cephalopod I. notoides resembles the condition found in the majority of investigated gastropods.
Leveraging Distributional Semantics for Multi-Label Learning

We present a novel and scalable label embedding framework for large-scale multi-label learning a.k. a ExMLDS (Extreme Multi-Label Learning using Distributional Semantics). Our approach draws inspiration from ideas rooted in distributional semantics, specifically the Skip Gram Negative Sampling (SGNS) approach, widely used to learn word embeddings for natural language processing tasks. Learning such embeddings can be reduced to a certain matrix factorization. Our approach is novel in that it highlights interesting connections between label embedding methods used for multi-label learning and paragraph/document embedding methods commonly used for learning representations of text data. The framework can also be easily extended to incorporate auxiliary information such as label-label correlations; this is crucial especially when there are a lot of missing labels in the training data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through an extensive set of experiments on a variety of benchmark datasets, and show that the proposed learning methods perform favorably compared to several baselines and state-of-the-art methods for large-scale multi-label learning. To facilitate end-to-end learning, we develop a joint learning algorithm that can learn the embeddings as well as a regression model that predicts these embeddings given input features, via efficient gradient-based methods.
EVA: continuous automatic evaluation of protein structure prediction servers

UNLABELLED Evaluation of protein structure prediction methods is difficult and time-consuming. Here, we describe EVA, a web server for assessing protein structure prediction methods, in an automated, continuous and large-scale fashion. Currently, EVA evaluates the performance of a variety of prediction methods available through the internet. Every week, the sequences of the latest experimentally determined protein structures are sent to prediction servers, results are collected, performance is evaluated, and a summary is published on the web. EVA has so far collected data for more than 3000 protein chains. These results may provide valuable insight to both developers and users of prediction methods. AVAILABILITY http://cubic.bioc. columbia.edu/eva. CONTACT eva@cubic.bioc. columbia.edu
Narrative meaning making, attachment, and psychological growth and stress

Understanding how people turn episodes in time into subjectively meaningful narratives can shed light on adaptive meaning-making processes. Bridging attachment theory and narrative meaning making may elucidate how individuals distinctively narrate highly stressful and traumatic memories and whether such expression matters for psychological health. Single trauma narratives from 224 college participants were coded along dimensions of attachment theory, exploration and support seeking. Attachment style, stress-related growth, and event-related stress were also measured. Narrative exploration and support seeking were predictors of growth and stress, respectively, after controlling for personality traits and attachment. Importantly, we showed attachment moderates the relationship between narrative meaning making and psychological growth and stress. The relation between higher narrative exploration and increased growth levels was weaker for more avoidantly attached individuals, while the relation between lower narrative support seeking and increased stress levels was stronger for more anxiously attached individuals. Our findings indicate narrative processes matter for psychological health and may be utilized to different degrees depending on the narrator’s attachment style.
Correspondence and Requests for Reprints To

A comparison of drug effects in latent inhibition and the forced swim test differentiates between the typical antipsychotic haloperidol, the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine, and the antidepressants imipramine and paroxetine Current animal models of antipsychotic activity that have the capacity to dissociate between typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have two drawbacks: they require previous administration of a psychotomimetic drug, and they achieve the dissociation by demonstrating effectiveness of atypical but not typical APDs, thus losing specificity and selectivity for APDs. The present experiments were designed to solve these problems by using two non-pharmacological tests: latent inhibition (LI), in which potentiation of the deleterious effects of non-reinforced stimulus pre-exposure on its subsequent conditioning served as a behavioral index for a common action of typical and atypical APDs (antipsychotic), and the forced swim test (FST), in which reduction of immobility served as a behavioral index for a dissimilar action of these drugs (antidepressant). The typical APD haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), the atypical APDs clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) and olanzapine (0.6 mg/kg), and the antidepressants imipramine (10 mg/ kg) and paroxetine (7.0 mg/kg), produced distinct patterns of action in the two tests: haloperidol potentiated LI and increased immobility in the FST, clozapine and olanzapine potentiated LI and decreased immobility in the FST, and imipramine and paroxetine decreased immobility in the FST and did not potentiate LI. Thus, the comparison of drug effects in LI and FST enabled a discrimination between typical and atypical APDs without losing selectivity for APDs.
A Theoretical Review of the Signaling Role of Certifications in Career and Technical Education

This paper examines the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the signaling ability of career and technical education (CTE) certifications awarded by industry, trade associations, and other organizations. Additionally, specific attention is directed to the way in which occupational certifications signal expertise and readiness for employment in the context of entry into the labor market. The theoretical frameworks used to explore the impact of education qualifications will be briefly reviewed, starting with human capital theory and moving to the complementary yet, somewhat divergent theories of signaling and screening. The literature applying signaling theory to educational outcomes will be summarized. Finally, a conceptual model of certification and signaling in the service marketing context will be reviewed, and an extension will be proposed that applies the model to certification and signaling in CTE. Conclusions and suggestions for future research are then presented.
Prevention of acute liver allograft rejection by IL‐10‐engineered mesenchymal stem cells

Hepatic allograft rejection remains a challenging problem, with acute rejection episode as the major barrier for long‐term survival in liver transplant recipients. To explore a strategy to prevent allograft rejection, we hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) genetically engineered with interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) could produce beneficial effects on orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the experimental rat model. Syngeneic MSCs transduced with IL‐10 were delivered via the right jugular vein 30 min post‐orthotopic transplantation in the rat model. To evaluate liver morphology and measure cytokine concentration, the blood and liver samples from each animal group were collected at different time‐points (3, 5 and 7 days) post‐transplantation. The mean survival time of the rats treated with MSCs–IL‐10 was shown to be much longer than those treated with saline. According to Banff scheme grading, the saline group scores increased significantly compared with those in the MSCs–IL‐10 group. Retinoid acid receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) expression was more increased in the saline group compared to those in the MSCs–IL‐10 group in a time‐dependent manner; forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expression also decreased significantly in the saline group compared with those in the MSCs–IL‐10 group in a time‐dependent manner. The expression of cytokines [IL‐17, IL‐23, IL‐6, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α] in the saline groups increased significantly compared with the time‐point‐matched MSCs–IL‐10 group, whereas cytokine expression of (IL‐10, TGF‐β1) was deceased markedly compared to that in the MSCs–IL‐10 group. These results suggest a potential role for IL‐10‐engineered MSC therapy to overcome clinical liver transplantation rejection.
Is Insulin Resistance a Risk Factor for the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Background: The aim of this research was to establish whether there is a link between insulin resistance (IR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and assess whether insulin-resistant subjects experience a more rapid deterioration in GFR. Methods: We enrolled 73 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2–4 patients. All blood samples were taken after 10 h of overnight fasting. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine, uric acid, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels as well as proteinuria were analyzed. Patients were followed up for a mean of 30 (24–35) months and renal and metabolic parameters were compared in conjunction with a homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) between the entry and the end of the study period. CKD progression was assessed by recording renal endpoints, which included end-stage renal disease, requiring renal replacement therapy, or overall mortality. Results: The study patients were divided into group 1 (n = 36), without IR, and group 2 (n = 37), with IR. Group 2 patients had a higher FBG (p = 0.003) and insulin level (p = 0.001) compared to group 1. The baseline and end of study systolic (p = 0.007) and diastolic (p = 0.001) blood pressures were decreased in group 1. In group 2, FBG (p = 0.008), HbA1c (p = 0.009), systolic (p = 0.024) and diastolic (p = 0.001) blood pressures and CRP (p = 0.047) were decreased. In group 2, 8 patients reached renal endpoints while in group 1, 9 patients reached study endpoints. HOMA-IR was not significantly higher among 17 patients who reached the renal endpoint than among the 56 who did not. At baseline, those patients who reached the renal endpoint showed lower GFR (p = 0.001), higher iPTH (p = 0.004) and hs-CRP (p = 0.002) levels. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in GFR at the end of the study between patients who had or did not have IR. Furthermore, HOMA-IR was not significantly different in patients with or without renal endpoints.
COLLAGEN-SERICIN-NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITES FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

The aim of this study was to synthetize porous three-dimensional composites, similar with natural bone structure, for using it in tissue engineering. The new composites prepared by freeze-drying of composite gels consist of a mineral phase nanohydroxyapatite and an organic phase type I fibrillar collagen and silk sericin, the latter acting as a glue-like protein that serves as an adhesive, for binding the collagen fibrils and the mineral phase. The physical-chemical properties were assessed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG); the morphological properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The evaluation of the physical-chemical and morphological properties demonstrated that the new composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
Central pontine myelinolysis Considerations on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Pontine myelinolysis can be suspected clinically on the basis of the following criteria: (1) Electrolyte disturbance manifested mainly by hyponatremia; (2) progressive neurologic deficits resulting in a “locked-in” syndrome; (3) usually, but not necessarily, alcohol abuse; and (4) frequent iatrogenic precipitation of the syndrome by inappropriate rehydration of patients at risk. A major pathophysiologic mechanism for this disorder seems to be the anatomic grid structure of the base of the pons, which is more vulnerable to edema than the cerebral hemispheres. Treatment should be focused on rapid reversal of electrolyte imbalance and judicious use of dehydrating agents. Early diagnosis and treatment might reverse an otherwise malignant syndrome.
Blockade of dopamine D3 receptors in the nucleus accumbens and central amygdala inhibits incubation of cocaine craving in rats

Cue‐induced drug seeking progressively increases over time of withdrawal from drug self‐administration in rats, a phenomenon called ‘incubation of craving’. The underlying mechanisms have been linked to increased expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and GluR2‐lacking AMPA receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and also to increased extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation in the central amygdala (CeA). However, it remains unclear whether any DA mechanism is also involved in incubation of craving. Recent research demonstrates that cue‐induced cocaine seeking appears to parallel increased DA D3, but not D1 or D2, receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats over time of withdrawal, suggesting possible involvement of D3 receptors (D3Rs) in incubation of cocaine craving. Here, we report that systemic or local administration of SB‐277011A, a highly selective D3R antagonist, into the NAc (core and shell) or the CeA, but not the dorsal striatum or basolateral amygdala, significantly inhibits expression of incubation of cocaine craving in rats after 2–30 days of withdrawal from previous cocaine self‐administration but had no effect on sucrose‐seeking behavior in rats after 10–30 days of withdrawal. These data suggest that DA D3Rs in both the NAc and the CeA play an important role in incubation of cocaine craving in rats and support the potential utility of D3R antagonists in the treatment of cocaine addiction.
On Tuning the Fluorescence Emission of Porphyrin Free Bases Bonded to the Pore Walls of Organo-Modified Silica

A sol-gel methodology has been duly developed in order to perform a controlled covalent coupling of tetrapyrrole macrocycles (e.g., porphyrins, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, chlorophyll, etc.) to the pores of metal oxide networks. The resulting absorption and emission spectra intensities in the UV-VIS-NIR range have been found to depend on the polarity existing inside the pores of the network; in turn, this polarization can be tuned through the attachment of organic substituents to the tetrapyrrrole macrocycles before bonding them to the pore network. The paper shows clear evidence of the real possibility of maximizing fluorescence emissions from metal-free bases of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins, especially when these molecules are bonded to the walls of functionalized silica surfaces via the attachment of alkyl or aryl groups arising from the addition of organo-modified alkoxides.
Mortality among employees of a perfluorooctanoic acid production plant.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been found at low levels (10 to 100 parts per billion) in sera of the general population and at higher levels in occupationally exposed workers. Although PFOA has been reported to be a promoter of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis and to alter reproductive hormones in humans and rodents, there is little information on human health effects associated with PFOA exposure. The present study examined the relationship between PFOA and mortality using a retrospective cohort mortality design. The cohort consisted of 2788 male and 749 female workers employed between 1947 and 1983 at a plant that produced PFOA. The all-causes standardized mortality ratio was . 75 (95% confidence interval [CI], .56 to .99) for women and . 77 (95% CI, .69 to .86) for men. Among men the cardiovascular standardized mortality rate was . 68 (95% CI, .58 to .80) and the all-gastrointestinal diseases was . 57 (95% CI, .29 to .99). There was no significantly increased cause-specific standardized mortality ratio for either men or women. Ten years of employment in exposed jobs was associated with a 3.3-fold increase (95% CI, 1.02 to 10.6) in prostate cancer mortality compared to no employment in PFOA production. There were only six prostate cancer deaths overall and four among the exposed workers; thus, the results must be interpreted cautiously. If prostate cancer mortality is related to PFOA, PFOA may increase prostate cancer mortality by altering reproductive hormones in male workers.
Semi-global Stereo Matching with Surface Orientation Priors

Semi-Global Matching (SGM) is a widely-used efficient stereo matching technique. It works well for textured scenes, but fails on untextured slanted surfaces due to its fronto-parallel smoothness assumption. To remedy this problem, we propose a simple extension, termed SGM-P, to utilize precomputed surface orientation priors. Such priors favor different surface slants in different 2D image regions or 3D scene regions and can be derived in various ways. In this paper we evaluate plane orientation priors derived from stereo matching at a coarser resolution and show that such priors can yield significant performance gains for difficult weakly-textured scenes. We also explore surface normal priors derived from Manhattan-world assumptions, and we analyze the potential performance gains using oracle priors derived from ground-truth data. SGM-P only adds a minor computational overhead to SGM and is an attractive alternative to more complex methods employing higher-order smoothness terms.