Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment and application of comprehensive evaluation system for the ability of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction

This paper analyzes the mechanism of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. Based on it, this paper constructs the index system for the ability of recovery and reconstruction. The index system includes two aspects which are restoration of living and disaster area reconstruction. And then it also establishes the improved unascertained measure model to analysis the recovery and reconstruction ability. This model uses quintile grading method to overcome traditional model's limitation, that is only can evaluate “fuzzy mathematical problem for grades”. Meanwhile, it also improves model accuracy by using the DIDF method. Hence, this paper does empirical analysis for China's 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions). And the results as follows: Firstly, most of the regions ranking at the top are economically developed areas, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. Secondly, the regions of ranking at the end are mainly central and western regions, such as Guizhou, Guangxi. Thirdly, the rankings can provide scientific decision-making basis for government departments in practice.
The Frequency‐Dependent Nature of Blood Pressure Regulation by the Carotid Sinus Studied with an Electric Analog

Amplification of carotid sinus activity of a dog is brought about through the use of an electric analog of the carotid sinus applied in parallel with this element of the dog's own pressure regulating system. Sinusoidal excursions in arterial pressure in response to corresponding variations, between fixed limits, in rate of stimulus of one vagus nerve were larger with carotid sinus amplification than without it. Evidence presented supports the concept that because of the delay in the response of arteriolar smooth muscle, effective buffering of sudden variations in arterial pressure cannot be accomplished by variations in resistance, but can be through variations in flow.
Factors Affecting Transportation Sector CO2 Emissions Growth in China: An LMDI Decomposition Analysis

China has now become the largest country in carbon emissions all over the world. Furthermore, with transportation accounting for an increasing proportion of CO2 emissions year by year, the transportation sector has turned out to be one of the main sectors which possesses a high growth speed in CO2 emissions. To accurately analyze potentially influencing factors which accelerate the process of CO2 emissions of transportation sector in China, based on carbon accounting by the checklists method of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC), in this paper, we propose a decomposition model using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis technology and modified fixed growth rate method. Then effects of six influencing factors including energy structure, energy efficiency, transport form, transportation development, economic development and population size from 2001 to 2014 were quantitatively analyzed. Consequently, the results indicate that: (1) economic development accounts most for driving CO2 emissions growth of the transportation sector, while energy efficiency accounts most for suppressing CO2 emissions growth; (2) the pulling effects of natural gas, electricity and other clean energy consumption on CO2 emissions growth offset the inhibitory effects of traditional fossil fuels, making energy structure play a significant role in promoting CO2 emissions growth; (3) the inhibitory effects of railways and highways lead to inhibitory effects of transport form on CO2 emissions growth; (4) transportation development plays an obvious role in promoting CO2 emissions, while the effects of population size is relatively weaker compared with those of transportation development. Furthermore, the decomposition model of CO2 emissions factors in transport industry constructed in this paper can also be applied to other countries so as to provide guidance and reference for CO2 emissions analysis of transportation industry.
The role of inhibitory functioning in age-related working memory decline and the moderating effect of time course changes in inhibitory functioning with age

The current thesis investigated whether and how inhibitory and working memory functioning change with age in the context of a sequential action paradigm. The approach taken was guided by (1) propositions that inhibitory functions decline with age and negatively impact higher order abilities, and (2) the utility of better understanding cognitive mechanisms underlying sequential activities. In Study 1, I examined the extent to which age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition (suppression of no-longer-relevant information) accounted for age differences in working memory performance. Unlike much of the prior research, I examined inhibitory changes with respect to working memory components (processing and storage). I observed that reduced deletion-type inhibition with age accounted for sizable proportions of age differences in working memory components, with significant findings in storage and marginal findings in processing components. This finding indicates that changes in executive function with age, such as inhibitory control, have direct implications for working memory functioning at the componential level. Moreover, given the observation of age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition in Study 1, a finding that has been inconsistent in the literature, in two subsequent studies I examined the nature of inhibitory changes with age. In particular, I examined whether compared to younger adults, older adults’ have reduced ability to engage deletion-type inhibition in a timely manner, beyond the effects of age-related general slowing. In Study 2, I did not observe age differences in the time course of deletion-type inhibition when I examined erroneous responses to the prior, no-longer-relevant, item (n - 1 repeat). However, this finding may have been limited by low error rates obtained. Thus, in Study 3, response latencies on n - 1 repeats were examined for changes in low-level (unintentional) deletion-type inhibition across variable numbers of distractors, corresponding to variable time delays. Compared to younger adults, older adults had difficulty engaging deletion-type inhibition. This finding suggests that more detailed specification of inhibitory changes with age might depend on examining the temporal dynamics of inhibitory functioning in young and older adults. Taken together, this work highlights the important role of inhibitory functioning with age in higher order cognition (working memory) and emphasizes the utility of examining age effects in the time course of cognitive functions in sequential tasks.
Understanding problematic game behavior: prevalence and the role of social cognitive determinants

In the last two decades, there has been growing academic attention on the phenomenon of problematic game use. Empirical research has consistently identified a subgroup of gamers in Western, industrial countries who report adverse psychosocial consequences related to their video-gaming behavior. The aim of this thesis is to get a better understanding of problematic game behavior and to contribute to the development of knowledge on this topic in several ways. First, video gaming habits and problematic game behavior among the Dutch population was examined. Second, underlying mechanisms and predictors of problematic game use were identified using established theoretical frameworks. The studies presented in this thesis have contributed to the current knowledge of problematic gaming in several ways. Information on video game habits and problematic gaming among the Dutch population has been provided. Next, game related experiences and cognitions were explored in the development of problematic game behavior through in-depth interviews. This thesis also highlights the importance of examining psychological and cognitive determinants using comprehensive theoretical frameworks. The provided theory of planned behavior, the model of media attendance, and the cognitive behavioral theory, appeared useful for this purpose to some extent in order to identify which factors contribute to game behavior and problematic game use. According to the model of media attendance and the cognitive-behavioral model, if game behavior is considered to be a problem, it may be largely dependent on the degree of self-control that individuals have over their own game behavior. Moreover, game related experiences and cognitions such as gaming for mood regulation and social pressure may also play a role. If people come to rely on the game world for coping with negative feelings and their social relations, this could eventually lead to problems. Psychosocial wellbeing appeared to play a role in the development of these maladaptive cognitions. Thus, the reasons why people play games seem to be an integral part of the explanation of problematic game behavior.
Midinfrared spectroscopy of synthetic olivines: Thermal emission, specular and diffuse reflectance, and attenuated total reflectance studies of forsterite to fayalite

[1] Synthetic olivine samples ranging in composition from forsterite to fayalite are analyzed in the midinfrared using thermal emission, specular and diffuse reflectance, and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopies to study the spectral effects of Mg-Fe solid solution. For each method, fundamental bands gradually change in position and strength from Mg2SiO4 at larger wave numbers to Fe2SiO4 at smaller wave numbers. Each spectrum is diagnostic of chemistry within the continuum, as previously noted. In this study, 10 identified fundamental bands are traceable across the solid solution series for each technique. In pelletized sample spectra, the 10 bands shift approximately linearly in position by as little as 11 to as much as 64 cm−1. In powdered sample spectra, the bands shift by as little as 12 to as much as 74 cm−1 (disregarding one outlier point). Moreover, for every spectral technique, an even larger linear shift is identified of a specific emissivity maximum/reflectivity minimum (the flection position). From forsterite to fayalite, this flection position shifts by at least 88 cm−1, which is, on average, 48% more than the largest fundamental band shift within the same data set for the pelletized spectra and 44% more for the powdered spectra. Also the R2 and 2σ values of the best fit line for the flection position shift (versus Fo#) generally were as good as or routinely better than those of the fundamental bands. Thus, the flection position should be considered as a means of determining Mg-Fe olivine composition when using thermal emission, specular reflectance, diffuse reflectance, or attenuated total reflectance spectroscopic data.
Plans and Predictions for Exercise Frequency Change

The nature of people's plans for exercise frequency change, and the basis of their optimistic predictions for such change, was examined in 2 studies. Study 1 participants' conceptions of changing their exercise frequency over the subsequent month ("realistic scenarios") were compared to their "best case" and "worst case" scenarios. Realistic scenarios more resembled best case scenarios than worst case scenarios. In Study 2, generation of a plausible best case scenario led to predictions of higher exercise frequency, but generation of an equally plausible worst case scenario had no discernible effect. Study 2 participants overestimated the negative impact of not meeting their exercise frequency predictions on their self-satisfaction. There was no such bias for those participants who met or exceeded their predictions.
Impact of Parent Training on Family Functioning

ABSTRACT This study examined outcomes of a STEP parent training program in several areas of family functioning identified by the so-called McMaster model of family health. The study found that participants who completed the parent training did report more improvements in general family functioning than those families whose children received routine mental health services. More specific improvements in family relationships were reported in the areas of problem solving, communication, affective responsiveness, and behavior control. Some differential effects were found for children older than 10 years of age. These improvements were also evaluated to determine their clinical significance, by examining how many families moved from problematic to healthy functioning. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Effects of Pressure Gradients between Branches of the Left Coronary Artery on the Pressure Axis Intercept and the Shape of Steady State Circumflex Pressure‐Flow Relations in Dogs

When steady state pressure-flow relations are studied in the circumflex coronary artery, pressure gradients develop between it and other branches of the left coronary artery. To assess the effects of these pressure gradients, we compared the pressure axis intercept and shape of steady state circumflex pressure-flow relations in the presence and absence of gradients after autoregulation was abolished, both in the beating heart and during long diastoles in dogs. We used peripheral coronary pressures and radionuclide-labeled microspheres to assess arterial collateral flow. In the beating heart, interarterial pressure gradients reduced the curvature at low circumflex pressures, and overestimated the mean pressure axis intercept by 7.8 mm Hg (P < 0.05). The results were similar for the pressure-flow relations derived during long diastoles. This overestimation exaggerates the difference between the pressure axis intercept and coronary sinus pressure. The peripheral coronary pressure and microsphere results indicate that these effects are mediated largely by arterial collateral flow.
Explaining High-Risk Concentrations of Crime in the City

The empirical observation that a small number of micro places generate the bulk of urban crime problems has become a criminological axiom. Explanations for the persistence of high-crime places have traditionally drawn upon opportunity theories of crime. In a new book, Weisburd, Groff, and Yang suggest that social disorganization could also be a powerful explanation for the uneven distribution of crime within neighborhoods. In this article, we explain briefly why their empirical work considerably sharpens knowledge about crime concentrations in the city. We then offer a critique of their conclusions concerning the relative contributions of social and situational variables in explaining crime hot spots and the preventive implications they draw from these findings. Finally, we suggest new research that could invigorate the debate on the formation and persistence of high-crime places and could support interventions that seek to change the situational precipitators and facilitators of crime.
Housing and ethopolitics: constructing identities of active consumption and responsible community

Recent developments in social housing policy, including large-scale stock transfers, have been proclaimed as marking ‘the death of council housing’ in the UK. The decline of public housing and new techniques for the governance of social housing provision are symbolic of the transformation of welfarist social regimes in advanced liberal democracies. This paper explores recent social housing policy in the UK and suggests that policy developments reflect changes in technologies for governing the conduct of social housing tenants and practitioners. The ethopolitics (Rose 2001) of social housing are characterized by emerging identities of active, entrepreneurial consumption and the invocation of responsibilized community. The paper examines how ethopower is manifested through technologies of social housing governance and identifies conflicts inherent within this new politics of conduct.
RESPONSES TO ALTERED PICTURES

In Expt. I 30 transparencies of representational pictures were used. Fifteen of the pictures were projected from the wrong side to produce right-left reversal. Thirty subjects judged the correctness or otherwise of each painting's orientation: only 53 per cent of these judgements were correct. In Expt. II details in 16 reproductions of abstract pictures were rearranged to form alternative versions. Paired original and altered versions were presented twice; on the first occasion the 60 subjects indicated which versions they preferred and on the second occasion they guessed which was the original version of each pair. Generally, the detection of original versions was low (62 per cent) and original versions were preferred on only 55 per cent of trials. Aesthetic experiments in which works of art have been deliberately altered are rare. It is argued that such alterations are technically feasible and may afford valuable ways of testing aesthetic theories.
Surgical resident satisfaction with the current surgical training program in the Riyadh area

Background: The satisfaction of surgical residents with their training programs plays an important role in dictating its output. This survey was conducted to explore the satisfaction of surgical residents with their training programs in the Riyadh area. Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed in four major hospitals to explore the view of surgical residents regarding their training programs. Frequency tables were generated for each question in the survey. Results: About 78 survey forms were distributed and 52 were retrieved (67%). About 45% of residents had a comprehensive orientation on admission to the program, but only 20% felt it was helpful. Only 40% of residents felt that their trainers were committed to training and that the consultants who were trained abroad were more committed than those trained locally (62% vs 36%, P =.01). Only 15% felt the residents themselves had enough bedside teaching or operative experience. Seventy-eight percent of the residents felt that current training does not meet their expectations. However, 85% felt that training abroad was better than local training, and 60% felt it should be mandatory. While 90% felt that training programs should be unified nationally and controlled by one organization, only 6% felt that the current governing body was capable of monitoring the training. Moreover, only 28% felt that current reviews of programs by the governing body are effective. Conclusions: These results show that surgical residents are generally dissatisfied with current training programs. The study suggests that there are significant weaknesses in the current programs and the governing body may be ineffective in monitoring the programs. We feel that a national review of surgical training programs is warranted in view of these results.
Vincristine Chemotherapy Trials and Pharmacokinetics in Tasmanian Devils with Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease

Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is a transmissible cancer threatening to cause the extinction of Tasmanian Devils in the wild. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the DFTD to vincristine. Escalating dosage rates of vincristine (0.05 to 0.136 mg/kg) were given to Tasmanian devils in the early stages of DFTD (n = 8). None of these dosage rates impacted the outcome of the disease. A dosage rate of 0.105 mg/kg, a rate significantly higher than that given in humans or domestic animals, was found to the highest dosage rate that could be administered safely. Signs of toxicity included anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and neutropenia. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that, as with other species, there was a rapid drop in blood concentration following a rapid intravenous infusion with a high volume of distribution (1.96 L/kg) and a relatively long elimination half life (11 h). Plasma clearance (1.8 ml/min/kg) was slower in the Tasmanian devil than in humans, suggesting that pharmacodynamics and not pharmacokinetics explain the Tasmanian devil’s ability to tolerate high dosage rates of vincristine. While providing base-line data for the use of vincristine in Tasmanian devils and possibly other marsupials with vincristine susceptible cancers, these findings strongly suggest that vincristine will not be effective in the treatment of DFTD.
ZNF536, a Novel Zinc Finger Protein Specifically Expressed in the Brain, Negatively Regulates Neuron Differentiation by Repressing Retinoic Acid-Induced Gene Transcription

ABSTRACT Neuronal differentiation is tightly regulated by a variety of factors. In a search for neuron-specific genes, we identified a highly conserved novel zinc finger protein, ZNF536. We observed that ZNF536 is most abundant in the brain and, in particular, is expressed in the developing central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia and localized in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic area. During neuronal differentiation of P19 cells induced by retinoic acid (RA), ZNF536 expression is increased at an early stage, and it is maintained at a constant level in later stages. Overexpression of ZNF536 results in an inhibition of RA-induced neuronal differentiation, while depletion or mutation of the ZNF536 gene results in an enhancement of differentiation. We further demonstrated that ZNF536 inhibits expression of neuron-specific marker genes, possibly through the inhibition of RA response element-mediated transcriptional activity, as overexpression of RA receptor α can rescue the inhibitory role of ZNF536 in neuronal differentiation and neuron-specific gene expression. Our studies have identified a novel zinc finger protein that negatively regulates neuron differentiation.
Social context: Key to understanding culture's effects on creativity

Summary This paper proposes that the social context moderates the effect of culture on creativity by drawing on the constructivist dynamic approach. We assess creativity by the level of fluency, originality, and elaboration on the usefulness and appropriateness of ideas in three contexts: working under a supervisor, in a group, and alone. We hypothesized that in high power distance cultures, working under a supervisor inhibits creativity, whereas in individualistic cultures, the presence of peers attenuates creativity. Results from two parallel experiments, one in the United States (N = 79) and the other in China (N = 83), partially support the hypotheses. The Chinese originality level was significantly lower when working under a supervisor than when working alone. American subjects generated fewer ideas and elaborated less when working in the presence of peers and elaborated less in the presence of peers than when under a supervisor. We conclude that the social context moderates the culture–creativity relationship by making consensual cultural values more accessible in a social context than when working alone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Strategies That Facilitate EFL Learners' Oral Communication: A Classroom Study Using Multiple Data Collection Procedures

This article considers whether the use of specific communication strategies can improve learners' English proficiency in communicative tasks. Japanese college students ( n = 62) participated in a 12-week course of English lessons using a communicative approach with strategy training. To investigate the influence of specific strategy use, their performance on a posttraining conversation test was analyzed through multiple data collection procedures. Transcripts of the test were made and then analyzed in terms of production rate, the number of errors, and actual strategy use. An Oral Communication Strategy Inventory was introduced to elicit participants' communication strategy use for a self-report questionnaire procedure. These results were compared with participants' retrospective protocol data regarding their oral test performance. The findings confirmed that strategies for maintaining discourse and negotiation of meaning could enhance learners' communicative ability. Yet the students used a relatively small number of examples of modified output, which indicated that they might not have enough opportunities to improve the form of their utterances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]