Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple perifollicular fibromas: report of a case and analysis of the literature

Perifollicular fibroma is a cutaneous hamartomatous proliferation of the pilar connective tissue sheath. We describe a patient with multiple perifollicular fibromas and analyze the literature on this topic. Histologically, perifollicular fibroma is characterized by a concentric arrangement of collagen fibers surrounding a generally unaltered hair follicle. Clinically, it is usually multiple and occurs predominantly on the face and upper trunk. This clinical presentation is similar to that observed in patients with the Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome where, in addition to perifollicular fibromas, fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordons are found. Several reports of multiple perifollicular fibroma prior to the recognition of this syndrome may, in fact, represent cases of the Bin‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome.
Comparison of the gut microbiota profile in breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants using pyrosequencing

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Feeding in infancy is the most significant determinant of the intestinal microbiota in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota of Korean infants and compare the microbiota obtained between breast-fed and formula-fed Korean infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed the microbial communities in fecal samples collected from twenty 4-week old Korean (ten samples in each breast-fed or formula-fed) infants using pyrosequencing. RESULTS The fecal microbiota of the 4-week-old Korean infants consisted of the three phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In addition, five species, including Bifidocbacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, Strepotococcus lactarius, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, and Lactobacillus gasseri were common commensal intestinal microbiota in all infants. The predominant intestinal microbiota in the breast-fed infants (BFI) included the phylum Actinobacteria (average 70.55%), family Bifidobacteriacea (70.12%), genus Bifidobacterium (70.03%) and species Bifidobacterium longum (69.96%). In the microbiota from the formula-fed infants (FFI), the proportion of the phylum Actinobacteria (40.68%) was less, whereas the proportions of Firmicutes (45.38%) and Proteobacteria (13.85%) as well as the diversity of each taxonomic level were greater, compared to those of the BFI. The probiotic species found in the 4-week-old Korean infants were Bifidobacterium longum, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus gasseri. These probiotic species accounted for 93.81% of the microbiota from the BFI, while only 63.80% of the microbiota from the FFI. In particular, B. longum was more abundant in BFI (69.96%) than in FFI (34.17%). CONCLUSIONS Breast milk supports the growth of B. longum and inhibits others. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first attempt to analyze the gut microbiota of healthy Korean infants according to the feeding type using pyrosequencing. Our data can be used as a basis for further studies to investigate the development of intestinal microbiota with aging and disease status.
Medication non-adherence in women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE To identify the determinants of medication non-adherence in women with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS Participants included 10 rheumatologists and 127 women recruited from tertiary care hospitals and the community. Demographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics and patient-physician discordance were assessed at the baseline visit. Non-adherence was assessed 2 weeks later. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to identify determinants of non-adherence to medication. RESULTS The average age of the women was 50.4 (s.d. 10.5) yr and the mean disability score was 60.3 (16.0) yr. Sixty (47.2%) women were non-adherent to medication; 20 (33.3%) of these were intentionally non-adherent, 24 (40.0%) were unintentionally non-adherent, and the remaining subjects were both. Overall non-adherence was predicted by higher patient-physician discordance. Unintentional non-adherence was predicted by community subjects, not being under a rheumatologist's care, less disease activity, less use of instrumental coping, and higher patient-physician discordance. Intentional non-adherence was predicted by shorter duration under a rheumatologist's care and higher patient-physician discordance. CONCLUSION The therapeutic relationship, in addition to clinical and psychosocial characteristics, influenced non-adherence to medication.
A Direct Test for Lateralization of Language Activation using fMRI: Comparison with Invasive Assessments in Children with Epilepsy

This study introduces a direct method of assessing cerebral lateralization for language based on fMRI activation. The method, derived from a voxel-based morphometry study by C. H. Salmond et al. (2000, Hum. Brain Mapping 11, 223-232), bases lateralization on the direct statistical comparison of the magnitude of task-induced activation in homotopic regions of the two hemispheres. Lateralization results obtained with this direct method were compared to those obtained with a widely used method which involves the calculation of a laterality index (LI) based on the number of significantly activated voxels in the inferior frontal gyrus of each hemisphere. In order to compare the validity of the two methods, a covert verb-generation task was performed by eight children with epilepsy whose language lateralization was examined using invasive techniques. Lateralization results derived from fMRI activation showed that the calculation of a LI presented some limitations. Importantly, the LI value was dependent on the activation threshold chosen to calculate that LI. As a consequence, the correlation between the LI and the invasive methods could vary with the chosen threshold. By contrast, the proposed direct method gave some indication of the reliability of the lateralization and provided results that, in all eight children, were consistent with those obtained using invasive techniques. It is suggested that the direct method could be used in future fMRI studies to establish hemispheric lateralization for cognitive functions.
The Impact of Obesity on Obstetrical Practice and Outcome

A central problem in the characterization of obesity during pregnancy has been the lack of a standard definition. In addition, the terms overweight and obese are often used interchangeably, adding further confusion. Overweight refers to aweight above the ‘‘normal’’ range, whereas obesity is defined by the presence of excess body fat. Therefore, the determination of the degree and type of obesity requires an assessment of adiposity or body fat composition and not merely weight. In the past, obesity in pregnancywas commonly defined using 1 of 2 approaches: either an absolute weight cutoff of 90 kg (200 lb) or a weight 50% to 300% greater than the ideal weight for height as defined using weightfor-height tables, such as the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables. The former approach ignores height, and the latter relies upon an estimate of frame size and is primarily derived frommortality data. Another issue unique to pregnancy is the distinction between prepregnancy obesity and weight gain during the course of pregnancy as a result of advancing gestation. In an effort to provide guidance on this issue, in 1990, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended that the body mass index (BMI) be used to define maternal weight groups. Body mass index is calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (kg/m). Body mass index is believed to be a superior measure of adiposity than weight-for-height, but it, too, has several limitations. Body mass index does not incorporate a direct measure of body fat composition or distribution. Therefore, it does not differentiate betweenmuscle and fat and distorts body composition, which results in minimization of adiposity in taller individuals, and exaggeration in shorter individuals. In 1993, the American College of Obstetrician Gynecologists (ACOG) released its BMI classifications of maternal weight and optimal weight gain during pregnancy (Table 1). As a result, BMI now serves as a standardized means of evaluating Correspondence: Francis S. Nuthalapaty, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, OHB 451, Birmingham, AL 35249-7333. E-mail: francis@nuthalapaty. net
A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: regularized t -test and statistical inferences of gene changes

MOTIVATION DNA microarrays are now capable of providing genome-wide patterns of gene expression across many different conditions. The first level of analysis of these patterns requires determining whether observed differences in expression are significant or not. Current methods are unsatisfactory due to the lack of a systematic framework that can accommodate noise, variability, and low replication often typical of microarray data. RESULTS We develop a Bayesian probabilistic framework for microarray data analysis. At the simplest level, we model log-expression values by independent normal distributions, parameterized by corresponding means and variances with hierarchical prior distributions. We derive point estimates for both parameters and hyperparameters, and regularized expressions for the variance of each gene by combining the empirical variance with a local background variance associated with neighboring genes. An additional hyperparameter, inversely related to the number of empirical observations, determines the strength of the background variance. Simulations show that these point estimates, combined with a t -test, provide a systematic inference approach that compares favorably with simple t -test or fold methods, and partly compensate for the lack of replication.
An investigation of children’s arousal levels as they read graded materials

The major purpose of this study was to attempt to determine word recognition and comprehension c r i t e r ia for the reading by means of the galvanic skin response (GSR), in order to sub stantiate the conventional c r i t e r ia used by authorities in the The sample consisted of 60 children in grades two and three, for whom parental consent for inclusion in the study had been obtained. Scores from a standardized reading achievement test were used to s t r a t i fy a ll second and third grade children on reading achievement l e v el (below, average, and above average). Ten children for each grade and reading achievement l e v el were then randomly selected (N=60). Subjects were required to read the words on the Wide Range Achievement Test-Level 1 (1965) while being monitored on the GSR in order to obtain an index of each child's high arousal l e v e l. This l e v el was then to have been used to indicate the f r u s t r a t i o n al l e v el of reading as the c h i ld read the passages of the Diagnostic Reading Scales (1972), that was treated as an informal reading inventory. At this l e v e l, word recog n i t i on and comprehension accuracy scores were to have been obtained, and these compared to the existing c r i t e r i a. However, during the reading of the Diagnostic Reading Scales passages no subject.attained the arousal l e v el obtained on the Wide Range Achievement Test, and therefore f r u s t r at i o n al l e v el of reading had to be determined from the c r i t e r ia stated in Johnson and Kress (1965). As a r e s u l t, alternate hypotheses were postu lated. GSR arousal levels were obtained for the i and pre-i This study sought to investigate the galvanic skin response arousal levels of children in grades two and three reading at the mid-Grade 1 and above l e v e l s, as they read through the graded passages of the Diagnostic Reading Scales 1972) that was treated as an informal reading inventory. The major purpose of this study was to determine word recog n i t i on and comprehension c r i t e r ia f or the f r u s t r a t i o n al l e v el of reading by means of the galvanic skin response in order to substantiate the conventional c r i t e r ia used by a u t h o r i t i es in the f i e ld of reading.
The Effect of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Postoperative Medical and Functional Recovery of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

Abstract Context: Several studies have investigated the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations; however, there is little information regarding the effect of OMT in the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing CABG operations. Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo a CABG operation were voluntarily enrolled and randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 treatment protocols after their surgical procedure: standardized daily OMT and conventional postoperative care (the OMT group), daily time-matched placebo OMT and conventional postoperative care (the placebo group), or conventional postoperative care only (the control group). Specific OMT techniques used were thoracic inlet myofascial release, standard rib raising (with paraspinal muscle stretch to the L2 vertebral level), and soft tissue cervical paraspinal muscle stretch (with suboccipital muscle release). Primary outcome measures included time to discharge, time to postoperative bowel movement, and FIM functional assessment scores. Results: Fifty-three patients completed the study protocol: 17 in the OMT group, 18 in the placebo group, and 18 in the control group. After surgical procedures, patients were discharged to home at a mean (standard deviation [SD]) rate of 6.1 (1.4), 6.3 (1.5), and 6.7 (3.0) days for the OMT group, placebo group, and control group, respectively. Patients in the OMT group were discharged 0.55 days earlier than those in the control group and 0.16 days earlier than those in the placebo group. The mean (SD) number of days to first postoperative bowel movement was 3.5 (0.9), 4.0 (0.8), and 4.0 (0.9) for the OMT group, the placebo group, and the control group, respectively. On day 3 after surgery, the mean (SD) total score on the FIM was 19.3 (6.7), 15.4 (7.3), and 18.6 (6.5) for the OMT, the placebo, and the control group, respectively; total score for the OMT group was 0.81 greater than that of the control group and 3.87 greater than that of the placebo group. None of the differences achieved statistical significance (P<.05) Conclusion: A daily postoperative OMT protocol improved functional recovery of patients who underwent a CABG operation.
The Bright Side of Bad Times

This paper examines whether earning a college or graduate degree in a recession or an economic boom has lasting effects on job satisfaction. Across three studies, well-educated graduates who entered the workforce during economic downturns were more satisfied with their current jobs than those who entered during more prosperous economic times. Study 1 showed that economic conditions at college graduation predicted later job satisfaction even after accounting for different industry and occupational choices. Study 2 replicated these results and found that recession-era graduates were more satisfied with their jobs both early and later in their careers and even when they earned less money. A third cross-sectional study showed that people who entered the workforce in bad economies were less likely to entertain upward counterfactuals, or thoughts about how they might have done better, and more likely to feel grateful for their jobs, both of which mediated the relationship between economic conditions at workforce entry and job satisfaction. While past research on job satisfaction has focused largely on situational and dispositional antecedents, these results suggest that early workforce conditions also can have lasting implications for how people affectively evaluate their jobs.
Low-dose methotrexate is ineffective in primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term results of a placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND & AIMS New treatments for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) need to be evaluated. We conducted a single-center double-blind, randomized trial of methotrexate, 7.5 mg/wk (n = 30), vs. placebo (n = 30) for up to 6 years in PBC. METHODS Methods included three monthly symptom assessment and liver function tests and liver biopsy and gastroscopy at baseline, after 2 years, and after 4-6 years. RESULTS Patients randomized to methotrexate had, compared with patients randomized to placebo, (1) significantly lower on-treatment serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and (after 24 months) aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels (P < 0.02-0.001 by analysis of covariance to adjust for baseline differences); (2) a nonsignificant trend toward lower on-treatment pruritus scores; (3) similar on-treatment Knodell inflammatory scores but nonsignificant trends toward lower Knodell fibrosis score and less ductopenia; (4) a trend toward greater increases in serum bilirubin level and Mayo score with time (both significant after 5 years of follow-up); and (5) a 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval, 0.85-10.25-fold) increase the rate of death or liver transplantation as a result of liver disease during or after the trial (P = 0.09) in a Cox multivariate regression analysis compared with patients randomized to placebo. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the clinical use of low-dose methotrexate in PBC.
VARIATIONS OF ENGINE PARTICULATE MATTER IN A MINIATURE DILUTION TUNNEL

Title of Thesis: VARIATIONS OF ENGINE PARTICULATE MATTER IN A MINIATURE DILUTION TUNNEL Eric M Kommer, Master of Science, 2003 Thesis directed by: Assistant Professor Steven G. Buckley Department of Mechanical Engineering Measurement o f diesel and spark ignition engine particulate emissions is of wide interest due to current research demonstrating that inhalation of nanoparticles may cause serious health problems. Both experimental and computational methods were used to investigate fluid and particle flows through a miniature dilution tunnel similar to those commonly used to sample particulate emissions from engines to help explain observed varabilities and bias, and to improve the repeatability of results. Laser Doppler Velocimetry, flow visualization, and a commercial CFD code were used to measure the flow field inside the apparatus. Slugs of NOx calibration gas and a high speed NOx concentration meter were used to measure mean velocities through the apparatus. An artificial aerosol generator was used in conjunction with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) to determine how tunnel geometry affects particle size distributions. These results were compared to a Monte Carlo type numerical simulation, accounting for Brownian motion and fluctuating turbulent velocities.
On Emotion In Sport: Theoretical and Social Psychological Perspectives

This paper presents and critically assesses four major cognitive theories of emotion. Theories were selected on the basis of their pertinence to a social psychological study of emotion in sport. Four cognitive theories of emotion by Schachter (1964), Lazarus (1966), Arnold (1960), and Weiner (1981) were reviewed. Strengths and weaknesses of these theories were examined. Cognitive theories of emotion were also shown to be amenable to theoretical research in sport. It was suggested that a comprehensive theory of emotion in sport should incorporate aspects of different cognitive theories of emotion thus leading to a better understanding and prediction of emotion in sport settings. Such a comprehensive theory, however, must await future research. Issues for a social psychology of emotion in sport were formulated. It was argued that emotion research in sport should be incorporated within a social psychological framework. To this end it was suggested that a better understanding of the antecedents and consequenc.
Appraisals Generate Specific Configurations of Facial Muscle Movements in a Gambling Task: Evidence for the Component Process Model of Emotion

Scherer’s Component Process Model provides a theoretical framework for research on the production mechanism of emotion and facial emotional expression. The model predicts that appraisal results drive facial expressions, which unfold sequentially and cumulatively over time. In two experiments, we examined facial muscle activity changes (via facial electromyography recordings over the corrugator, cheek, and frontalis regions) in response to events in a gambling task. These events were experimentally manipulated feedback stimuli which presented simultaneous information directly affecting goal conduciveness (gambling outcome: win, loss, or break-even) and power appraisals (Experiment 1 and 2), as well as control appraisal (Experiment 2). We repeatedly found main effects of goal conduciveness (starting ~600 ms), and power appraisals (starting ~800 ms after feedback onset). Control appraisal main effects were inconclusive. Interaction effects of goal conduciveness and power appraisals were obtained in both experiments (Experiment 1: over the corrugator and cheek regions; Experiment 2: over the frontalis region) suggesting amplified goal conduciveness effects when power was high in contrast to invariant goal conduciveness effects when power was low. Also an interaction of goal conduciveness and control appraisals was found over the cheek region, showing differential goal conduciveness effects when control was high and invariant effects when control was low. These interaction effects suggest that the appraisal of having sufficient control or power affects facial responses towards gambling outcomes. The result pattern suggests that corrugator and frontalis regions are primarily related to cognitive operations that process motivational pertinence, whereas the cheek region would be more influenced by coping implications. Our results provide first evidence demonstrating that cognitive-evaluative mechanisms related to goal conduciveness, control, and power appraisals affect facial expressions dynamically over time, immediately after an event is perceived. In addition, our results provide further indications for the chronography of appraisal-driven facial movements and the underlying cognitive processes.
Journal Section: Behavioral/systems/cognitive Do Object-category Selective Regions in the Ventral Visual Stream Represent Perceived Distance Information?

Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Yonantan Douek and Vadim Axelrod for valuable help with fMRI data analysis, Peter Huy Wong for assisting with data collection and stimulus preparation of the psychophysical studies, Jonathan Oron for help with collection of eye tracking data, and Tejaswinhi Srinivas for proofreading. We also like to thank Russell Epstein for valuable comments. Abstract It is well established that scenes and objects elicit a highly selective response in specific brain regions in the ventral visual cortex. An inherent difference between these categories that has not been explored yet is their perceived distance from the observer (i.e. scenes are distal whereas objects are proximal). The current study aimed to test the extent to which scene and object selective areas are sensitive to perceived distance information independently from their category-selectivity and retinotopic location. We conducted two studies that used a distance illusion (i.e., the Ponzo lines) and showed that scene regions (the parahippocampal place area, PPA, and transverse occipital sulcus, TOS) are biased toward perceived distal stimuli, whereas the lateral occipital (LO) object region is biased toward perceived proximal stimuli. These results suggest that the ventral visual cortex plays a role in representing distance information, extending recent findings on the sensitivity of these regions to location information. More broadly, our findings imply that distance information is inherent to object recognition.