Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Estimation in a Normal Heteroscedastic Regression Model with Type I Censored Data

Much interest has focused on the regression problem with censored data, which has usefulness In biological, pharmaceutical, industrial, survival, and failure time experiments. In these last three applications, the usual assumption is that data after a suitable transformation follow a normal, extreme value, or other distribution. Although usual methods of analysis have traditionally assumed constant dispersion for all responses, some recent interest has focused on censored regression models that accomodate heterogeneity of dispersion by modeling it as a function of location parameters, known variables, and possibly unknown additional parameters. The model can accomodate nonconstant dispersion or serve as the basis for formal assessment. For uncensored data, there is a large literature for heteroscedastic regression that has its roots in normal theory. One key issue is the choice between full normal maximum likelihood or generalized least squares methods which are inefficient but offer robustness properties and relative ease and stability of computation not enjoyed by the former method. In this article, a similar issue is considered for a normal heteroscedastic regressIOn model with Type I censored data, and an estimation method analogous to generalized least squares is developed that, although again inefficient, may be computed by an intuitive procedure with standard software and compares favorably to maximum likelihood. An interesting application of the normal heteroscedastic regression model is to the study of a detection limit problem for assay data. These data are approximately normal, heteroscedastic, and often such that variance is small relative to the range of mean response. Often, there is a detection limit such that the response can not be observed if sufficiently small, and it is common to ignore these censored observations in the analysis. "Small sigma" asymptotic theory used by in Davidian and Carroll (1987) and others is used to show that, theoretically, this practice may not be unreasonable, although to be safe accomdation of censoring may be wise. Furthermore, under this theory, deviations from the assumed normal distribution may also be tolerated.
CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells Exhibit Impaired Ability to Suppress Effector T Cell Proliferation in Patients with Turner Syndrome

Objective We investigated whether the frequency, phenotype, and suppressive function of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are altered in young TS patients with the 45,X karyotype compared to age-matched controls. Design and Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young TS patients (n = 24, 17.4–35.9 years) and healthy controls (n = 16) were stained with various Treg markers to characterize their phenotypes. Based on the presence of thyroid autoimmunity, patients were categorized into TS (–) (n = 7) and TS (+) (n = 17). Tregs sorted for CD4+CD25bright were co-cultured with autologous CD4+CD25− target cells in the presence of anti-CD3 and -CD28 antibodies to assess their suppressive function. Results Despite a lower frequency of CD4+ T cells in the TS (-) and TS (+) patients (mean 30.8% and 31.7%, vs. 41.2%; P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively), both groups exhibited a higher frequency of FOXP3+ Tregs among CD4+ T cells compared with controls (means 1.99% and 2.05%, vs. 1.33%; P = 0.029 and P = 0.004, respectively). There were no differences in the expression of CTLA-4 and the frequency of Tregs expressing CXCR3+, and CCR4+CCR6+ among the three groups. However, the ability of Tregs to suppress the in vitro proliferation of autologous CD4+CD25− T cells was significantly impaired in the TS (–) and TS (+) patients compared to controls (P = 0.003 and P = 0.041). Meanwhile, both the TS (–) and TS (+) groups had lower frequencies of naïve cells (P = 0.001 for both) but higher frequencies of effector memory cells (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002) than did the healthy control group. Conclusions The Tregs of the TS patients could not efficiently suppress the proliferation of autologous effector T cells, despite their increased frequency in peripheral CD4+ T cells.
Carbon monoxide in metabolism of anaerobic bacteria.

Introduction . 4 17 CO-oxidizing anaerobic microorganisms . 417 CO dehydrogenases of anaerobic bacteria . 4 18 Electron acceptors . 4 18 Oxygen . 419 Thermostability ant1 temperature optim~1111 . 419 pH o p t i ~ n ~ ~ m . 4 19 Inhibitors . 419 Localization of CO dehydrogenase . 419 Synthesis and regulation of CO dehydrogenase activity . 420 Role of CO tlehydrogenase in the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria . 420 Practical application of CO-oxidizing microorganisms . 42 1 Key r~9orrl.s: carbon monoxide, CO dehydrogenase.
Light-front-quantized QCD in the light-cone gauge: The doubly transverse gauge propagator

The light-front (LF) quantization of QCD in the light-cone gauge has a number of remarkable advantages, including explicit unitarity, a physical Fock expansion, the absence of ghost degrees of freedom, and the decoupling properties needed to prove factorization theorems in high-momentum transfer inclusive and exclusive reactions. We present a systematic study of LF-quantized gauge theory following the Dirac method, and construct a Dyson-Wick S-matrix expansion based on LF time-ordered products. The free theory gauge field is shown to satisfy the Lorentz condition as an operator equation as well as the light-cone gauge condition. Its propagator is found to be transverse with respect to both its 4 momentum and the gauge direction. The interaction Hamiltonian of QCD can be expressed in a form resembling that of covariant theory, except for additional instantaneous interactions which can be treated systematically. The renormalization constants in YM theory are shown to satisfy the identity Z{sub 1}=Z{sub 3} at one-loop order. The QCD {beta} function, computed in the noncovariant light-cone gauge, agrees with that known in the conventional framework. Some comments are also made about the relationship of our LF framework, with a doubly transverse gauge propagator, to the analytic effective charge and renormalization scheme definedmore » by the pinch technique, the unitarity relations, and the spectral representation. LF quantization thus provides a consistent formulation of gauge theory, despite the fact that the hyperplanes x{sup {+-}}=0 used to impose boundary conditions constitute characteristic surfaces of a hyperbolic partial differential equation. « less
Mother–child joint writing in an environmental print setting: relations with emergent literacy

Mother–child dyads (N = 35) were videoed as they wrote a shopping list in an environmental print-rich grocery shop play setting. The children (M age = 4.3 years) were assessed on emergent literacy skills (letter name and sound knowledge, print concepts, phonological awareness, and letter and name writing). Mothers' general level of print and grapho-phonemic mediation during the joint-writing task was scored. After controlling for child age, maternal print and grapho-phonemic mediation of children's writing were both positively related to letter sound knowledge. Grapho-phonemic mediation was positively related to print concepts. A particular focus of this study was to investigate mothers' natural use of surrounding environmental print to scaffold writing. Only four mothers used environmental print to scaffold their child's writing. These mothers applied a variety of strategies including pointing out letters, describing letter shapes, and encouraging copying of letters and words from product labels and signs. There were no obvious differences between those who did or did not use environmental print in demographic factors, emergent literacy skills, or maternal mediation during joint writing. Despite there being only a small number of mothers who used environmental print, the range of strategies observed highlights the need for further research into using environmental print to scaffold children's emergent writing.
Attention Switching and Multimedia Learning: The Impact of Executive Resources on the Integrative Comprehension of Texts and Pictures

The ability to flexibly allocate attention to goal-relevant information is pivotal for the completion of high-level cognitive processes. For instance, in comprehending illustrated texts, the reader permanently has to switch the attentional focus between the text and the corresponding picture in order to extract relevant information from both sources. Thus, the hypothesis was tested that individuals with a lower switching capacity exhibit a decreased performance in tasks that require the flexible switch of attention between two external representations. Participants read an illustrated text and answered questions that either required the extraction of information from the text alone or from the text and the corresponding illustration. In addition, a switching task was accomplished. Results indicate that a lower switching capacity resulted in a poorer performance in those tasks that required the extraction of relevant information from two sources.
Handbook of the Psychology of Aging

The Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Seventh Edition, provides a basic reference source on the behavioral processes of aging for researchers, graduate students, and professionals. It also provides perspectives on the behavioral science of aging for researchers and professionals from other disciplines. The book is organized into four parts. Part 1 reviews key methodological and analytical issues in aging research. It examines some of the major historical influences that might provide explanatory mechanisms for a better understanding of cohort and period differences in psychological aging processes. Part 2 includes chapters that discuss the basics and nuances of executive function; the history of the morphometric research on normal brain aging; and the neural changes that occur in the brain with aging. Part 3 deals with the social and health aspects of aging. It covers the beliefs that individuals have about how much they can control various outcomes in their life; the impact of stress on health and aging; and the interrelationships between health disparities, social class, and aging. Part 4 discusses the emotional aspects of aging; family caregiving; and mental disorders and legal capacities in older adults. * Contains all the main areas of psychological gerontological research in one volume* Entire section on neuroscience and aging* Begins with a section on theory and methods* Edited by one of the father of gerontology (Schaie) and contributors represent top scholars in gerontology
Clustering subjects in genetic studies with Self Organizing Maps

Several machine learning techniques have been applied for finding multi-loci associations among Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and a disease. In this paper it is investigated whether Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) can generate clusters associated with a disease based on the genetic patterns of subjects. A batch categorical SOM that can handle missing data was used on Genome Wide Association (GWA) data on Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The association of the clusters generated with the disease were initially tested using the Pearson's chi square test and then the weights of the top clusters were used for investigating for SNP patterns. The results of the analyses reveal statistically significant associations between the generated clusters and the disease, indicating that SOMs can be used for multi-loci associations.
Ionizing Radiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Results in Diminution of the Precursor Pool and Limits Potential for Multilineage Differentiation

Background: Although ionizing radiation is an important treatment modality for a number of malignancies, it can be associated with significant morbidity. The exact mechanisms by which ionizing radiation results in cellular injury remain unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells give rise to a number of tissues including bone, fat, and cartilage and provide an excellent cellular model with which to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular survival and function. Methods: Rat mesenchymal stem cells were irradiated with 0, 7, and 12 Gy of ionizing radiation and assessed for changes in growth, apoptosis, cell-cycle profile, senescence, differentiation, and gene expression. Results: Ionizing radiation resulted in a significant decrease in cellular proliferation because of increased apoptosis, G2 cell-cycle arrest, and premature senescence. In addition, ionizing radiation caused low-level spontaneous osteoblastic differentiation. Conversely, cellular differentiation in response to lineage-specific culture conditions for bone, fat, and cartilage was markedly decreased in irradiated cells, thereby demonstrating a deficit in the ability of irradiated mesenchymal stem cells to respond to environmental stimuli. Conclusions: Although the majority of mesenchymal stem cells survive injury from ionizing radiation, this injury results in a significant decrease in cellular proliferation. Furthermore, the differentiation potential of irradiated mesenchymal stem cells in response to environmental stimuli is markedly diminished. Thus, the negative effects of ionizing radiation may result from a decreased pool of progenitor cells with limited differentiation potential. Proposed radioprotection strategies aiming to reduce tissue injury should therefore evaluate not only cellular survival but also cellular function.
The growth inhibitory effects of cadmium and copper on the MDA-MB468 human breast cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Cadmium chloride is an important occupational and environmental pollutant. However, it can also be anti-carcinogenic under certain conditions. Copper, an essential trace element, has the ability to generate reactive oxygen species and induce cell apoptosis. This study was aimed to determine the growth inhibitory effects of cadmium and copper on the MDA-MB468 human breast cancer cells. METHODS: By using MTT cell viability test, treatment of monolayer cell cultures with different metal concentrations (1-1000 µM) showed a significant dose dependent decrease (p < 0.05) of viable cells in different times. RESULTS: A considerable cytotoxicity was observed for CdCl2 at 200 µM and 1 µM after 48 and 72 hours incubations, respectively. The highest concentration of CuCl2 (1000 µM) had little cytotoxic effects after 48 hours incubation period, but 1 µM of CuCl2 revealed a considerable cytotoxicity after 72 hours. The maximum synergic cytotoxic effect was observed at 0.5 µM of both metals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that cytotoxic effect of CuCl2 is somehow lesser than that of CdCl2. This may be due to vital role of copper which is not known for cadmium so far.
Nationwide statistical analysis of myeloid malignancies in Korea: incidence and survival rate from 1999 to 2012

Background Large-scale epidemiologic analysis for hematologic malignancies will be helpful to understand the trends in incidence and survival. Methods The Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) updated the nationwide analysis on the incidence and survival of myeloid malignancies, from the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database between 1999 and 2012. Myeloid malignancies were classified based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology 3rd edition (ICD-O-3). Results Overall 3,771 cases of myeloid diseases, which was 1.7% of all cancers, were identified in 2012. The highest incidence of myeloid malignancies was observed in age 70s and male predominance was noted (1.3:1). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the most frequent subtype, followed by myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS/MPN: age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) in 2012 for each disease were 2.02, 1.95, 1.13, and 0.12 per 100,000 persons, respectively. The ASR for all myeloid malignancies was increased from 3.31 in 1999 to 5.70 in 2012 with the annual percentage change (APC) of 5.4 %. Five-year relative survival rate (RS) for myeloid malignancies has gradually improved for decades. RS changed from 26.3% to 34.8% in AML, specifically from 51.6% to 69.6% in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and from 23.8% to 29.9% in non-APL AML, between 1996-2000 and 2008-2012. RS also increased from 81.8% to 87.1% in MPN, with a significant improvement in CML (from 74.5% to 85.5%), and from 27.3% to 31.7% in MDS/MPN between 2001-2005 and 2008-2012. However, there was no survival improvement in MDS during the study period (45.6% in 2001-2005 to 44.4% in 2008-2012). Conclusion This report updated the nationwide statistical analysis on myeloid malignancies since 2008, showing increasing incidence and improving trends in survival.
The Social Choices of Students in Racially Integrated Classes for the Culturally Disadvantaged Talented

Sociometric choices of 100 gifted disadvantaged children in 4 intermediate racially integrated classrooms were analyzed. The relationship of choice of seating, working, and playing companions to race, sex, and intelligence was studied. Substantial cross racial choices were made; however, various factors, such as sex and racial proportion in the classroom, appeared to influence the nature and kind of choice. Resulting sociometric patterns did not justify generalizations regarding social structures in integrated classrooms beyond the statement that some cross racial social choices can be expected for this age group.
Hubris and melancholy in multinational states

The article sets out to explore the rather different roles that hubris and melancholy can play in the relations between majority and minority nationalities within multinational states. In the case of majority-type nationalities, there is a sense of being a Staatsvolk, a feeling reinforced by linguistic, cultural, geographical, and political characteristics associated with the larger nation-state. There may also be a sense of pride caught up with the larger identity between the nation-state and the empire with which it is associated. For their part, minority-type nationalities have been more prone to express their national sentiment in melancholic terms. Hence a tendency to dwell on lost battles of the past, on suppressed rebellions, on recurrent threats of assimilation and linguistic extinction. There may be elements both of hubris and of melancholy to national sentiment in multinational states, and the dialectic between the two colours their overall political development.
Choosing between the Emotional Dog and the Rational Pal: A Moral Dilemma with a Tail

ABSTRACT Neuroscientific studies indicate moral cognition involves a cognitive struggle between two systems in the brain: the emotional “hot” system and the rational “cold” system. Past research has shown that when presented with personal dilemmas, individuals showed greater brain activity in the hot system areas. However, when further probed about their decisions, moral dumbfounding often occurs. Family selection may help explain moral judgments. Oftentimes, people consider their pets as part of their family. Based on the past research on moral decision-making, the current study presented a novel approach to exploring moral decision-making by forcing participants to choose to save the life between biological family and psychological-kin. Participants (n = 573) were given moral dilemmas and forced to decide whether to save humans or pets from imminent death. The level of relationship between the human shifted six times (foreign tourist, hometown stranger, distant cousin, best friend, grandparent, and sibling), while relationship to the pet had two levels (your pet, someone else's pet). Willingness to save a pet over a human consistently decreased as level of relationship between the participant and the human in the scenario increased. Participants were also more likely to save their own pet over a human life than someone else's pet over a human life. The results suggest that pets are often viewed as psychological-kin. Females were found to be more likely to save their pets over non-immediate family members than males (all ps < 0.05), suggesting that males and females may differ in the structure of their moral reasoning.
Modeling Delayed Dynamics in Biological Regulatory Networks from Time Series Data

Background: The modeling of Biological Regulatory Networks (BRNs) relies on background knowledge, deriving either from literature and/or the analysis of biological observations. However, with the development of high-throughput data, there is a growing need for methods that automatically generate admissible models. Methods: Our research aim is to provide a logical approach to infer BRNs based on given time series data and known influences among genes. Results: We propose a new methodology for models expressed through a timed extension of the automata networks (well suited for biological systems). The main purpose is to have a resulting network as consistent as possible with the observed datasets. Conclusion: The originality of our work is three-fold: (i) identifying the sign of the interaction; (ii) the direct integration of quantitative time delays in the learning approach; and (iii) the identification of the qualitative discrete levels that lead to the systems’ dynamics. We show the benefits of such an automatic approach on dynamical biological models, the DREAM4(in silico) and DREAM8 (breast cancer) datasets, popular reverse-engineering challenges, in order to discuss the precision and the computational performances of our modeling method.
Real and Nominal Wage Rigidities and the Rate of Inflation: Evidence from German Micro Data

The Paper examines real and nominal wage rigidities. We estimate a switching regime model, in which the observed distribution of individual wage changes, computed from West German register data for 1976-97, is generated by simultaneous processes of real, nominal or no wage rigidity, and measurement error. The fraction of workers facing wage increases that are due to nominal, but mostly real, wage rigidity is substantial. The extent of real rigidity rises with inflation, whereas the opposite holds for nominal rigidity. Overall, the incidence of wage rigidity, which accelerates unemployment growth, is most likely minimized in an environment with moderate inflation.
Pengaruh Kompleksitas Tugas dan Locus Of Control terhadap Hubungan antara Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kepuasan Kerja Auditor

This research examined the effect of task complexity and locus of control to relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. This research applies leadership style with contingency approach and Path Goal Theory of Leadership. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data collected by sending questionnaire direct to various public accountant offices (KAP). The respondents are junior auditors in Surabaya, Semarang and Yogyakarta. The junior auditors particiÂ¬pated in this research are 90 respondents of 19 Public accountant Offices (KAP). Hypothesis testing is using Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result of this research indicates that the lower task complexity; supportive leadership style will increase job satisfaction of junior auditors. This research also shows that task complexity could not moderate the relation between directive leadership style and job satisfaction, locus of control could not moderate the relation between directive leadership style and job satisfaction, locus of control could not moderate relation between supportive leadership style and job satisfaction. Keyword:Â Â Â Direct leadership style, supportive leadership style, task complexity, locus of control and job satisfaction.