Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peculiar Magnetic Features and Superconductivity in Sulfur Doped Amorphous Carbon

We report on magnetic studies of inhomogeneous commercial and synthesized amorphous carbon (a-C) and a-C doped with sulfur (a-CS) powders which exhibit (i) peculiar magnetic behavior and (ii) traces of two superconducting (SC) phases TC ~ 33 and at 65 K. (i) The temperature dependence of zero-field-cooled (ZFC) curves measured up to room temperature show well distinguished elusive peaks at around 50–80 K, and their origin is not yet known. These peaks are totally washed-out in the second ZFC sweeps and in the FC branches as well. As a result, in the vicinity of the peaks, the FC curves lie below the ZFC peaks (FC < ZFC), a phenomenon which is rarely observed. These magnetic anomalies are intrinsic properties of a-C and a-CS materials (ii) SC was observed in three different a-C sources: (a) The commercial a-C powder contains 0.21% of sulfur and it is suggested that two different a-CS phases (at 33 and 65 K) are the origin of the two SC states observed. The compositions of these two phases are not yet unknown. The small SC volume fractions of the 33 K phase can be enhanced by a solid reaction with additional sulfur at 250 °C; (b) the synthesized (a-C) powder (obtained from decomposition of sucrose) is not SC. However, when mixed with sulfur and heated at 400 °C under a protective atmosphere, the a-CS powder obtained also show traces of a SC phase at TC = 42 K; (c) The same occurs in a-C thin films. The as-grown films are not SC but a SC phase at TC = 34 K emerges after the films were reacted with sulfur at elevated temperatures. It is concluded, therefore, that all SC phases observed are due to different unknown a-CS phases. Since the a-C and a-CS powders possess SC and magnetic states, we believe that these powders resemble the high TC curates and Fe-As based systems in which the SC and the magnetic states are closely related to each other.
Neutrons from fragmentation of light nuclei in tissue-like media: a study with the GEANT4 toolkit

We study energy deposition by light nuclei in tissue-like media taking into account nuclear fragmentation reactions, in particular, production of secondary neutrons. The calculations are carried out within a Monte Carlo model for heavy-ion therapy (MCHIT) based on the GEANT4 toolkit. Experimental data on depth–dose distributions for 135–400 A MeV 12C and 18O beams are described very well without any adjustment of the model parameters. This gives confidence in successful use of the GEANT4 toolkit for MC simulations of cancer therapy with beams of light nuclei. The energy deposition due to secondary neutrons produced by 12C and 20Ne beams in a (40–50 cm)3 water phantom is estimated to be 1–2% of the total dose, that is only slightly above the neutron contribution (∼1%) induced by a 200 MeV proton beam.
Ectopic blastema induction by nerve deviation and skin wounding: a new regeneration model in Xenopus laevis

Abstract Recently, the accessory limb model (ALM) has become an alternative study system for limb regeneration studies in axolotls instead of using an amputated limb. ALM progresses limb regeneration study in axolotls because of its advantages. To apply and/or to compare knowledge in axolotl ALM studies to other vertebrates is a conceivable next step. First, Xenopus laevis, an anuran amphibian, was investigated. A Xenopus frog has hypomorphic regeneration ability. Its regeneration ability has been considered intermediate between that of non‐regenerative higher vertebrates and regenerative urodele amphibians. Here, we successfully induced an accessory blastema in Xenopus by skin wounding and rerouting of brachial nerve bundles to the wound site, which is the regular ALM surgery. The induced Xenopus ALM blastemas have limited regenerative potential compared with axolotl ALM blastemas. Comparison of ALM blastemas from species with different regenerative potentials may facilitate the identification of the novel expression programs necessary for the formation of cartilage and other tissues during limb regeneration.
Young Adults in Transition: Factors That Support and Hinder Growth and Change

A therapeutic model referred to as young adult transition programs has emerged to better address the unique developmental challenges found in this age group. This study examined 317 critical incidents that supported or hindered young adults in a therapeutic transition program. The research design used a combination of an instrumental case study and critical incident technique (CIT). Using interviews and the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2, the study explored in-depth the experiences of 17 young adults who were alumni of a young adult transition program. The objective was to better understand the transition experience from a participant perspective and, through the findings, inform program development and evaluation for young adult transition programs. Several significant findings emerged from the data, among them the importance of interpersonal relationships, experiential education and adventure, individualized programming, and community and culture. An understanding of these findings leads to a discussion on transformational mentoring and leadership as well as relational cultural practice and how this can support leaders of transition programs in further research and program development. The limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions for future studies are offered. Keywords: young adults, young adult treatment, critical incident technique, case study, mental illness, relational cultural theory, transformational leadership, transformational mentoring, anxiety, depression, failure to launch, emerging adulthood, transitions, young adult development AUTHOR NOTE: This paper summarizes a dissertation, written by Dr. Treadway and submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Holloway served as the Dissertation Chair. The complete dissertation is available at: http://aura.antioch. edu/etds/336
Chemical and biological investigations of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

Chemical and biological investigations of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. In this study, five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm-2) was conducted by the disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 9-14 mm, 11-13 mm and 9-20 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 20-25 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL-1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL-1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL-1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Kemijsko i biološko ispitivanje biljke Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. U radu je opisana izolacija pet sastojaka petroleterske i diklormetanske frakcije metanolnog ekstrakta kore biljke Delonix regia: lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) i p-metoksibenzaldehid (5). Nadalje, testirano je antimikrobno djelovanje različitih ekstrakata difuzijskom metodom na disku (15 μg mm-2). Zone inhibicije za sastojke topljive u petroleteru, tetraklormetanu i diklormetanu bile su 9-14 mm, 11-13 mm, odnosno 9-20 mm, dok je zona inhibicije standarda kanamicina bila 20-25 mm. U biološkom pokusu smrtnosti morskih kozica najveću toksičnost pokazali su spojevi topljivi u tetraklormetanu (LC50 = 0,83 μg mL-1), dok je topljivost sastojaka topljivih u petroleteru i diklormetanu bila LC50 14,94, odnosno 3,29 μg mL-1, a standarda vinkristin sulfata 0,812 μg mL-1. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izolaciji sastojaka, antimikrobnom djelovanju i citotoksičnosti biljke D. regia.
Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Elite Female Gymnasts

2011 ii ACKNOWEDGEMENTS Several people have been instrumental in helping me through the process of writing this thesis, and I would like to take the time to thank them. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Dan Benardot for his enthusiasm, unending patience, and expertise while guiding me through this process. Dr. Benardot sparked my interest in the field of nutrition during an undergraduate elective course that I took years ago, and for that, I " ll always be grateful. I would like to thank Barb Hopkins for being a committee member, and also for being a wonderfully enthusiastic and knowledgeable teacher during my time in the nutrition program at Georgia State. I always looked forward to attending any class that she taught, and I specifically remember becoming excited about the profession of dietetics during the summer that I took my first semester of Medical Nutrition Therapy. I would also like to thank Dr. Walt Thompson for being a committee member and taking the time to read my thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my wonderful husband and best friend, Jared. His unwavering support, love, and encouragement throughout this long process always made everything better. In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for the inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote from, to copy from, or to publish this thesis may be granted by the author or, in his/her absence, by the Associate Dean, College of Health and Human Sciences. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for scholarly purposes and will not involve potential financial gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this thesis which involves potential financial gain will not be allowed without written permission of the author. __________________________________ Signature of Author iv NOTICE TO BORROWERS All theses deposited in the Georgia State University Library must be used in accordance with the stipulations prescribed by the author in the preceding statement. Users of this thesis who are not regularly enrolled as students at Georgia State University are required to attest acceptance of the preceding stipulation by signing below. Libraries borrowing this thesis for use of their patrons are required to see that each user …
Aromatic-Aromatic Interactions in Proteins: Beyond the Dimer

Aromatic residues are key widespread elements of protein structures and have been shown to be important for structure stability, folding, protein-protein recognition, and ligand binding. The interactions of pairs of aromatic residues (aromatic dimers) have been extensively studied in protein structures. Isolated aromatic molecules tend to form higher order clusters, like trimers, tetramers, and pentamers, that adopt particular well-defined structures. Taking this into account, we have surveyed protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank in order to find clusters of aromatic residues in proteins larger than dimers and characterized them. Our results show that larger clusters are found in one of every two unique proteins crystallized so far, that the clusters are built adopting the same trimer motifs found for benzene clusters in vacuum, and that they are clearly nonlocal brining primary structure distant sites together. We extensively analyze the trimers and tetramers conformations and found two main cluster types: a symmetric cluster and an extended ladder. Finally, using calmodulin as a test case, we show aromatic clsuters possible role in folding and protein-protein interactions. All together, our study highlights the relevance of aromatic clusters beyond the dimer in protein function, stability, and ligand recognition.
Towards Semi-automatic Bug Triage and Severity Prediction Based on Topic Model and Multi-feature of Bug Reports

Bug fixing is an essential activity in the software maintenance, because most of the software systems have unavoidable defects. When new bugs are submitted, triagers have to find and assign appropriate developers to fix the bugs. However, if the bugs are at first assigned to inappropriate developers, they may later have to be reassigned to other developers. That increases the time and cost for fixing bugs. Therefore, finding appropriate developers becomes a key to bug resolution. When triagers assign a new bug report, it is necessary to decide how quickly the bug report should be addressed. Thus, the bug severity is an important factor in bug fixing. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the bug triage and bug severity prediction. First, we extract topic(s) from historical bug reports in the bug repository and find bug reports related to each topic. When a new bug report arrives, we decide the topic(s) to which the report belongs. Then we utilize multi-feature to identify corresponding reports that have the same multi-feature (e.g., Component, product, priority and severity) with the new bug report. Thus, given a new bug report, we are able to recommend the most appropriate developer to fix each bug and predict its severity. To evaluate our approach, we not only measured the effectiveness of our study by using about 30,000 golden bug reports extracted from three open source projects (Eclipse, Mozilla, and Net beans), but also compared some related studies. The results show that our approach is likely to effectively recommend the appropriate developer to fix the given bug and predict its severity.
End-to-end performance guarantees for multipath flows

When routing data across a network from one source to one destination, instead of following a fixed path, one can choose to spread data on several routes in order to use all poten- tial ressources of the network. This issue has been studied for many models of networks with various objectives to opti- mize. In this paper we investigate how to route a flow across a network of servers with end-to-end performance guarantees in the framework of Network Calculus. We discuss stability issues (i.e. whether we can ensure that end-to-end delays are bounded) for arbitrary networks, and how to compute bounds on worst-case end-to-end delays and backlogs. The tightness issues are discussed on a small but challenging toy example.
Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized Milk in Babol city, Mazandaran Province, Iran

Background: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and is found in milk when lactating animals are fed with contaminated feedstuff. The presence of AFM1 in milk, pose a major risk for humans especially kids as it can have immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. The present study is aimed to investigate the occurrence of AFM1 in subsidized pasteurized milk in Babol, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Methods: Some 72 pasteurized milk packages were collected from supermarkets in various districts of city during January to March 2006. Milk samples were centrifuged and amounts of 100 μl of skimmed milk were tested for AFM1 contamination by competitive ELISA. Results: All the samples (100%) exhibited contamination with AFM1. The contamination levels means in January, February, and March were 227.85, 229.64, and 233.1ng/l, respectively. The amount of AFM1 in all the samples were above 50ng/l, the threshold set by the European community regulations. Conclusion: Monitoring of AFM1 level should be part of quality control procedures in dairy factories, particularly the ones providing infant’s milk. Production of safer and healthier milk and other dairy products with minimum AFM1 level can be achieved by adopting prophylactic measures including control of humidity and water content of feedstuff, which favors mould production.
Emotional Reactions to Conditional Rules of Reciprocal Altruism

A seminal article on the evolution of social behavior (Trivers, 1971) outlined a number of emotional responses that were predicted to result from various reciprocal altruism (RA) situations. These include the emotions of liking, aggression, gratitude, guilt, trust, and suspicion, each of which was associated with specific interaction contexts. Remarkably little empirical research has been conducted to evaluate these predictions, although various theoretical elaborations have been proposed. The present experiments developed a research methodology to measure emotional reactions to RA situations, using ratings of reactions to conditional RA rules and the behaviors of people who either follow that rule or fail to follow the rule. The results support a model of emotions as regulatory mechanisms for evolutionarily recurrent situations: Gratitude and liking for mutual cooperation, anger and aggression follow another person’s failure to help, and guilt follows having failed to help another person. The overall patterns of results suggest, however, that the class of situations relevant to particular emotions is often much broader than just RA per se. This requires a theoretical account that is not narrowly about specific RA contexts eliciting specific emotions, and the present findings help to direct future research toward how to conceptualize the functional organization of emotions. Additional theoretical models and emotional responses should be evaluated to further clarify a more comprehensive and empirically validated model of emotions and cognition.
Testing for Keynesian Labor Demand

According to the textbook Keynesian model, short-run demand for labor is sensitive to the demand for goods. In this view, sellers deviate from setting the marginal product of labor proportional to the real wage, instead enduring or choosing lower price markups when demand for goods is high. We test this prediction across U.S. industries in the two decades up through the Great Recession. To identify movements in goods demand, we exploit how durability varies across 70 categories of consumption and investment. We also take into account the flexibility of prices and capital-intensity of production across goods. We find evidence in support of Keynesian Labor Demand.
On the connection between N = 2 minimal string and (1,n) bosonic minimal string

We study the scattering amplitudes in the N = 2 minimal string or equivalently in the N = 4 topological string on ALE spaces. We find an interesting connection between the tree level amplitudes of the N = 2 minimal string and those of the (1,n) minimal bosonic string. In particular we show that the four and five-point functions of the N = 2 string can be directly rewritten in terms of those of the latter theory. This relation offers a map of physical states between these two string theories. Finally we propose a possible matrix model dual for the N = 2 minimal string in the light of this connection.
Characteristics of Pediatric Crohn's Disease in Saudi Children: A Multicenter National Study

Background and Aims. Crohn's disease (CD) is an evolving disease in KSA. Little is known about its characteristics in the Saudi population. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of Saudi children with CD and to determine whether the characteristics of CD in KSA are different from those seen in Western countries. Methods. In this study, children younger than eighteen years of age diagnosed with CD between January 2003 and December 2012 were included. Results. Of 330 patients identified, 186 (56.4%) were males. The median age at diagnosis was 15.8 years. A positive family history for IBD in first-degree relatives occurred in 13.6% of patients. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (84.2%), weight loss (75.2%), and diarrhea (71.8%). The main disease location was ileocolonic (42.1%) and the main disease behavior was nonstricturing and nonpenetrating (63.6%). Perianal involvement was seen in 60 (18.2%) patients. Laboratory findings revealed anemia in 57.9% of patients, low albumin in 34.5%, and high CRP in 39.4%. Conclusions. Saudi children with CD have lower frequency of first-degree relatives with IBD, lower prevalence of early onset disease, longer diagnostic delay, higher prevalence of growth failure, and greater frequency of stricturing and penetrating disease behavior compared to Western patients.
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany

Summary The paper investigates the evolution of wages and wage inequality in Germany based on samples from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 1984 to 2005. Real gross hourly wages for prime age dependent male workers increased on average by 23 percent between 1984 and 1994 in West Germany and the wage distribution was fairly stable. Between 1994 and 2005 average wages increased by 7 percent in West Germany and 18 percent in East Germany. In this period wage inequality, measured by the ratio of the ninetieth to tenth percentile of the wage distribution, increased from 2.5 to 3.1 in West Germany and from 2.4 to 3.2 in East Germany. In West Germany rising wage inequality occurred mainly in the lower part of the wage distribution, whereas in East Germany wage inequality predominantly increased in the upper part of the wage distribution. In West Germany the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher increases in wage inequality compared to the group of workers with high tenure.
The APM cluster—galaxy cross-correlation function: constraints on Ω and galaxy bias

We estimate the cluster–galaxy cross-correlation function (ξcg), from the APM galaxy and galaxy cluster surveys. We obtain estimates both in real space from the inversion of projected statistics and in redshift space using the galaxy and cluster redshift samples. The amplitude of ξcg is found to be almost independent of cluster richness. At large separations, r ≥ 5 h-1Mpc (h=H0/100 km s-1 Mpc-1, where H0 is the Hubble constant), ξcg has a similar shape to the galaxy–galaxy and cluster–cluster autocorrelation functions. ξcg in redshift space can be related to the real-space ξcg by convolution with an appropriate velocity field model. Here we apply a spherical collapse model, which we have tested against N-body simulations, finding that it provides an accurate description of the averaged infall velocity of matter into galaxy clusters. We use this model to estimate β (β =Ο0.6/b, where b is the linear bias parameter), and find that it tends to overestimate the true result in simulations by only ∼ 10–30 per cent. Application to the APM results yields β =0.46 with β < 0.73 at 95 per cent confidence. This measure is complementary to the estimates made of the density parameter from larger scale bulk flows and from the virialized regions of clusters on smaller scales. We also compare the APM ξcg and galaxy autocorrelations directly with the mass correlation and cluster-mass correlations in COBE-normalized simulations of popular cosmological models, and derive two independent estimates of the galaxy biasing expected as a function of scale. This analysis reveals that both low-density and critical-density COBE-normalized cold dark matter (CDM) models require anti-biasing by a factor ∼ 2 on scales r ≤ 2 h-1 Mpc, and that the mixed dark matter (MDM) model is consistent with a constant biasing factor on all scales. The critical-density CDM model also suffers from the usual deficit of power on large scales (r ≥ 20 h-1 Mpc). We use the velocity fields predicted from the different models to distort the APM real-space cross-correlation function. Comparison with the APM redshift-space ξcg yields an estimate of the value of Ο0. 6 needed in each model. We find that only the low-Ο model is fully consistent with observations, with MDM marginally excluded at the ∼ 2 σ level.