Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An egocentric perspective on active vision and visual object learning in toddlers

Toddlers quickly learn to recognize thousands of everyday objects despite the seemingly suboptimal training conditions of a visually cluttered world. One reason for this success may be that toddlers do not just passively perceive visual information, but actively explore and manipulate objects around them. The work in this paper is based on the idea that active viewing and exploration creates "clean" egocentric scenes that serve as high-quality training data for the visual system. We tested this idea by collecting first-person video data of free toy play between toddler-parent pairs. We use the raw frames from this data, weakly annotated with toy object labels, to train state-of-the-art machine learning models for object recognition (Convolutional Neural Networks, or CNNs). We run several training simulations, varying quantity and quality of the training data. Our results show that scenes captured by parents and toddlers have different properties, and that toddler scenes lead to models that learn more robust visual representations of the toy objects in them.
Morphology and Properties of Novel Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer

A series of novel thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers(TPUE) containing side ester groups which can be used as propellant binder were synthesized from polyethylene/polypropylene adipate diol(PEPA),tetrahydrofuran/ethylene oxide copolyether(PET),isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and diethyl bis(Hydroxymethyl) malonate(DBM) as primary substances by melt pre-polymerization method.FTIR,GPC,DSC and tensile test were employed to characterize the structures and properties of TPUE.Results show that the polyurethane elastomers present higher molecular weight(Mn8×104),and have relatively lower glass transition temperature of soft segment(Tg-56℃)which indicate that they have good low temperature mechanical properties.The elastomers exhibit optimum mechanical properties(σm18 MPa and eb500%) when the hard segment concentration is controlled between 50% and 60%. When the TPUE is introduced into modified double base propellant,the mechanical properties at low temperature are remarkably improved and the tensile strength at high temperature are slightly lowered.
Understanding Older People’s Readiness for Receiving Telehealth: Mixed-Method Study

Background The Dutch Ministry of Health has formulated ambitious goals concerning the use of telehealth, leading to subsequent changes compared with the current health care situation, in which 93% of care is delivered face-to-face. Since most care is delivered to older people, the prospect of telehealth raises the question of whether this population is ready for this new way of receiving care. To study this, we created a theoretical framework consisting of 6 factors associated with older people’s intention to use technology. Objective The objective of this study was to understand community-dwelling older people’s readiness for receiving telehealth by studying their intention to use videoconferencing and capacities for using digital technology in daily life as indicators. Methods A mixed-method triangulation design was used. First, a cross-sectional survey study was performed to investigate older people’s intention to use videoconferencing, by testing our theoretical framework with a multilevel path analysis (phase 1). Second, for deeper understanding of older people’s actual use of digital technology, qualitative observations of older people executing technological tasks (eg, on a computer, cell phone) were conducted at their homes (phase 2). Results In phase 1, a total of 256 people aged 65 years or older participated in the survey study (50.0% male; median age, 70 years; Q1-Q3: 67-76). Using a significance level of . 05, we found seven significant associations regarding older people’s perception of videoconferencing. Older people’s (1) intention to use videoconferencing was predicted by their performance expectancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.39), effort expectancy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.39), and perceived privacy and security (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.43); (2) their performance expectancy was predicted by their effort expectancy (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.24-1.52); and (3) their effort expectancy was predicted by their self-efficacy (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.42-1.68). In phase 2, a total of 6 men and 9 women aged between 65 and 87 years participated in the qualitative observation study. Of the primary themes, 5 themes were identified that could provide greater understanding of older people’s capacities and incapacities in using digital technology: (1) “self-efficacy and digital literacy,” (2) “obstacles to using technology,” (3) “prior experience and frequency of use,” (4) “sources of support and facilitating conditions,” and (5) “performance expectancy. ” These 5 themes recurred in all 15 observations. Conclusions Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and perceived privacy and security are direct predictors of older people’s intention to use videoconferencing. Self-efficacy appeared to play a role in both older people’s intention to use, as well as their actual use of technology. The path analysis revealed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with older people’s effort expectancy. Furthermore, self-efficacy and digital literacy appeared to play a major role in older people’s capacities to make use of digital technology.
A ghost story: spatio-temporal response characteristics of an indirect-detection flat-panel imager.

Spatial and temporal imaging characteristics of an amorphous silicon flat-panel imager (FPI) were investigated in terms relevant to the application of such devices in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and other x-ray imaging modalities, including general radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, radiotherapy portal imaging, and nondestructive testing. Specifically, issues of image lag (including the magnitude, spatial uniformity, temporal-frequency characteristics, and dependence upon exposure and frame time) and long-term image persistence ("ghosts") were investigated. As part of the basic characterization of the FPI, pixel dark signal and noise (magnitude, temporal stability, and spatial uniformity) as well as radiation response (signal size, linearity, gain, and reciprocity) were also measured. Image lag was analyzed as a function of frame time and incident exposure. First-frame lag (i.e., the relative residual signal in the first frame following readout of an exposure) was approximately 2-10%, depending upon incident exposure and was spatially nonuniform to a slight degree across the FPI; second-, third-, and fourth-frame lag were approximately 0.7%, 0.4%, and 0.3%, respectively (at 25% sensor saturation). Image lag was also analyzed in terms of the temporal-frequency-dependent transfer function derived from the radiation response, allowing a quantitative description of system components contributing to lag. Finally, the contrast of objects as a function of time following an exposure was measured in order to examine long-term image persistence ("ghosts"). Ghosts were found to persist up to 30 min or longer, depending upon the exposure and frame time. Two means of reducing the apparent contrast of ghost images were tested: (i) rapid scanning of the FPI at maximum frame rate, and (ii) flood-field exposure of the FPI; neither was entirely satisfactory. These results pose important considerations for application of FPIs in CBCT as well as other x-ray imaging modalities. For example in CBCT, the magnitude of image lag is such that significant artifacts in tomographic reconstructions may result if strategies are not adopted either to reduce or correct the lag between successive projections (e.g., rapid scanning between projections or iterative correction algorithms, respectively). Similarly, long-term image persistence may necessitate frequent recalibration of offset corrections.
Mercury Content in Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) and its Host Anguilla anguilla

Palikova M. , V. Baru‰: Mercury Content in Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda) and its Host Anguilla anguilla.Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 289-294. Mercury content in parasite-host system ( Anguillicola crassus and Anguilla anguilla) was studied in the Koryaany Reservoir (Czech Republic). The swimbladder nematode contained the lowest mercury levels (0.050 - 0.183mg kg-1 wet weight), (p< 0.05), compared to muscles (0.162 - 0.827) and the liver (0.175 - 1.430) of the fish definitive host. The mercury concentrations in the definitive host were higher in the liver, but not significantly different from muscle concentrations. Regression analysis indicated a positive ratio between mercury concentrations in the liver and the total body length of the fish. In eels from the reservoir under study the mercury content in fish muscles exceeded the hygienic limit in one fish specimen only.
The Effect of Liquid Exposure on PTMSP/TiO2 Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas-Liquid Membrane Contactors for Removal of CO2 from Natural Gas

iii Sammendrag . v List of symbols. xi List of figures . xv List of tables . xix 1. Background . 1 2. Introduction . 3 3. Membranes and polymers . 5 3.1 Polymers and their properties . 5 3.1. 1 State of the polymer and the glass transition temperature . 5 3.1. 2 Free volume. 6 3.2 Polymeric membranes . 6 3.3 Transport in membranes . 8 3.3.1 Transport of gases through porous membranes . 8 3.3.2 Transport of gases through nonporous membranes . 9 3.3.3 The dual sorption model . 11 3.3.4 Membrane selectivity . 12 3.4 Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) . 13 4. Mixed matrix membranes . 17 5. Gas-liquid membrane contactors . 19 5.1 Positive and negative aspects of membrane contactors . 19 5.2 Types of membrane contactors . 21 5.3 The membrane-solvent system . 21 5.3.1 The solvent in a gas-liquid membrane contactor . 21 5.3.2 The membrane in a gas-liquid membrane contactor . 22 5.4 Basic principles of mass transfer in a gas-liquid membrane contactor . 25 6. Literature review . 27 6.1 Nanocomposite membranes . 27 6.2 Gas-liquid membrane contactors . 31 7. Experimental . 35 7.1 Materials and preparation. 35
Chromosome missegregation rate predicts whether aneuploidy will promote or suppress tumors

Significance Aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome content that commonly occurs because of errors in chromosome segregation, can promote or suppress tumor formation. What determines how aneuploidy influences tumorigenesis has remained unclear. Here we show that the rate of chromosome missegregation, rather than the level of accumulated aneuploidy, determines the effect on tumors. Increasing the rate of chromosome missegregation beyond a certain threshold suppresses tumors by causing cell death. Increasing errors of chromosome segregation did not affect tumor formation caused by genetic mutations that do not themselves alter chromosome inheritance. These results suggest that accelerating chromosome missegregation in chromosomally unstable tumors may be a useful strategy therapeutically. Aneuploidy, a chromosome content other than a multiple of the haploid number, is a common feature of cancer cells. Whole chromosomal aneuploidy accompanying ongoing chromosomal instability in mice resulting from reduced levels of the centromere-linked motor protein CENP-E has been reported to increase the incidence of spleen and lung tumors, but to suppress tumors in three other contexts. Exacerbating chromosome missegregation in CENP-E+/− mice by reducing levels of another mitotic checkpoint component, Mad2, is now shown to result in elevated cell death and decreased tumor formation compared with reduction of either protein alone. Furthermore, we determine that the additional contexts in which increased whole-chromosome missegregation resulting from reduced CENP-E suppresses tumor formation have a preexisting, elevated basal level of chromosome missegregation that is exacerbated by reduction of CENP-E. Tumors arising from primary causes that do not generate chromosomal instability, including loss of the INK4a tumor suppressor and microsatellite instability from reduction of the DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1, are unaffected by CENP-E–dependent chromosome missegregation. These findings support a model in which low rates of chromosome missegregation can promote tumorigenesis, whereas missegregation of high numbers of chromosomes leads to cell death and tumor suppression.
Influence of Posture and Frequency Modes in Total Body Water Estimation Using Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Boys and Adult Males

The aim of the study was to examine differences in total body water (TBW) measured using single-frequency (SF) and multi-frequency (MF) modes of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) in children and adults measured in different postures using the deuterium (2H) dilution technique as the reference. Twenty-three boys and 26 adult males underwent assessment of TBW using the dilution technique and BIS measured in supine and standing positions using two frequencies of the SF mode (50 kHz and 100 kHz) and the MF mode. While TBW estimated from the MF mode was comparable, extra-cellular fluid (ECF) and intra-cellular fluid (ICF) values differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the different postures in both groups. In addition, while estimated TBW in adult males using the MF mode was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the result from the dilution technique, TBW estimated using the SF mode and prediction equation was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in boys. Measurement posture may not affect estimation of TBW in boys and adult males, however, body fluid shifts may still occur. In addition, technical factors, including selection of prediction equation, may be important when TBW is estimated from measured impedance.
A prospective study of psychomotor performance of driving among two kinds of shift work in Iran

Background and aim Driving after a night shift imposes a risk on health care professionals and other road users. The aim of this study was to measure psychomotor performance of driving of night shift nurses compared to day-shift nurses. Methods Forty-seven volunteer female nurses working at Sina hospital in Tehran, Iran, with a call in all departments of hospital, participated in this study (23 night shift and 24 day shift nurses) in 2016. The tests included RT for simple reaction time, ATAVT for perceptual speed, LVT for visual orientation and ZBA for time anticipation. Data collection tools were individual characteristics, 11-item circadian type inventory (CTI), Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS), and Swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI-20) questionnaires. Psychomotor driving performance was assessed using validated computerized traffic psychological battery of Vienna Test System (VTS), before and after the shifts. Data analysis was performed using paired-samples t-test and Linear Regression. Results The mean age of day and night-shift nurses were 31.4±5.6 and 28.7±3.9 years respectively, no significant difference between two groups. Thirty percent of night shift and 16.7% of day shift nurses reported traffic accidents in the past year. The results revealed that, scores based on viewing times in visual orientation test (p=0.005), and median reaction time score in choice reaction time and reactive stress tolerance test (p=0.045), had a significant association with a 12-hour night shift with a 3-hour nap. Conclusions Twelve-hour night shift work impairs choice reaction time and visual orientation in nurses, even though they take a 3- hour nap during the shift. These skills are required for safe driving.
Expression of Annexin A 3 in Gastric Cancer and its Correlation with Proliferation and Apoptosis

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent digestive malignancies in the world (Vogelaar et al., 2012). In China, gastric cancer is the second cause of mortality related with cancer and constitutes approximately 30% of all worldwide gastric cancer new cases. Lots of gastric cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and have high rates of lymph node metastasis. Despite some improvements are acquired in treatment of gastric cancer, prognosis is still unfavourable for patients. Thus there is an urgent need for finding effective molecular markers to improve the survival time of gastric cancer patients. Annexin A3 is a member of a calcium-binding protein family that includes five groups (A-E) (Gerke et al., 2002; Gerke et al., 2005). As Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins, Annexin A-E possesses a variety of biological activities, such as regulating ion channels, mediating inflammatory response, participating in membrane trafficking (Raynal et al., 1994; Caohuy et al., 1996; Perretti et al., 2003). Recently, Annexin A3 was indentified as a novel biomarker in different types of cancers, including prostate cancer (Wozny et al., 2007; Kollermann et al., 2008; Schostak et al., 2009), lung cancer (Liu et al., 2009) and colorectal cancer (Xie et al., 2013). However little is known about the effects of Annexin A3 in gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to explore Annexin A3 expression in gastric cancer samples and its
Interferometric mapping of material properties using thermal perturbation

Significance Rapid, accurate, and nondestructive mapping of material properties is of great interest in many fields, with applications ranging from detection of defects or other subsurface features in semiconductors to estimating temperature rise in various tissue layers during laser therapy. We demonstrate the speed and precision of two interferometric techniques, quantitative phase imaging and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography, in recording optical phase changes induced by energy deposition in various materials. Such phase perturbations can be used to infer sample properties, ranging from absorption and temperature maps to distribution of electric field or resistivity. We derive the theoretical sensitivity limits of such techniques and demonstrate their applicability to the mapping of absorption coefficients, temperature, and electric fields in synthetic and biological samples. Optical phase changes induced by transient perturbations provide a sensitive measure of material properties. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and speed of such methods, using two interferometric techniques: quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in transmission and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) in reflection. Shot-noise–limited QPI can resolve energy deposition of about 3.4 mJ/cm2 in a single pulse, which corresponds to 0.8 °C temperature rise in a single cell. OCT can detect deposition of 24 mJ/cm2 energy between two scattering interfaces producing signals with about 30-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and 4.7 mJ/cm2 when SNR is 45 dB. Both techniques can image thermal changes within the thermal confinement time, which enables accurate single-shot mapping of absorption coefficients even in highly scattering samples, as well as electrical conductivity and many other material properties in biological samples at cellular scale. Integration of the phase changes along the beam path helps increase sensitivity, and the signal relaxation time reveals the size of hidden objects. These methods may enable multiple applications, ranging from temperature-controlled retinal laser therapy or gene expression to mapping electric current density and characterization of semiconductor devices with rapid pump–probe measurements.
Comprehensive immunoproteogenomic analyses of malignant pleural mesothelioma

We generated a comprehensive atlas of the immunologic cellular networks within human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) using mass cytometry. Data-driven analyses of these high-resolution single-cell data identified 2 distinct immunologic subtypes of MPM with vastly different cellular composition, activation states, and immunologic function; mass spectrometry demonstrated differential abundance of MHC-I and -II neopeptides directly identified between these subtypes. The clinical relevance of this immunologic subtyping was investigated with a discriminatory molecular signature derived through comparison of the proteomes and transcriptomes of these 2 immunologic MPM subtypes. This molecular signature, representative of a favorable intratumoral cell network, was independently associated with improved survival in MPM and predicted response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with MPM and melanoma. These data additionally suggest a potentially novel mechanism of response to checkpoint blockade: requirement for high measured abundance of neopeptides in the presence of high expression of MHC proteins specific for these neopeptides.
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Sudanese Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study on Role of Quality of Life and Social Support

We aimed to find out the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students in a developing country, and to find the possible role of social support and quality of life in developing depression, anxiety, and stress.We did a cross sectional study in medical students of faculty of medicine in Khartoum, Sudan. We did a clustered random sampling in students from the second to sixth year and collected 500 questionnaires of which 487 were suitable for analysis. The data collection tool composed of three questionnaires; MOS social support survey, Depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS21), and WHO quality of life brief (WHOQOLB) questionnaire. More than 50% of respondents had different grades of depression, anxiety, and stress where 21%, 22%, and 16% had moderate degree of depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Quality of environment and physical health were the major determinant of depression, anxiety, and stress (R=0.252-0.465, P values <0.001). From the four domains of social support assessed by MOS survey, there was significant association only between positive social interaction domain and depression (R=0.354, P<0.001). There was no significant association between social support and stress and anxiety. There was no significant differences in depression scores among different academic years (P=0.246). However, stress and anxiety showed significant differences in different academic years, notably between the middle years, and second and final years (P=0.043 and 0.00 respectively). The quality of environment and physical health seems to play a key role in student mental health.
Factors associated with 30-day readmission after hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia in older patients: a cross-sectional study in seven Spanish regions

Objective Hospital readmission in patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is frequent in the elderly and patients with multiple comorbidities, resulting in a clinical and economic burden. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with 30-day readmission in patients with CAP. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting The study was conducted in patients admitted to 20 hospitals in seven Spanish regions during two influenza seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015). Participants We included patients aged ≥65 years admitted through the emergency department with a diagnosis compatible with CAP. Patients who died during the initial hospitalisation and those hospitalised more than 30 days were excluded. Finally, 1756 CAP cases were included and of these, 200 (11.39%) were readmitted. Main outcome measures 30-day readmission. Results Factors associated with 30-day readmission were living with a person aged <15 years (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.41), >3 hospital visits during the 90 previous days (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.34), chronic respiratory failure (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.45), heart failure (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.35), chronic liver disease (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.31) and discharge to home with home healthcare (aOR 5.61, 95% CI 1.70 to 18.50). No associations were found with pneumococcal or seasonal influenza vaccination in any of the three previous seasons. Conclusions This study shows that 11.39% of patients aged ≥65 years initially hospitalised for CAP were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. Rehospitalisation was associated with preventable and non-preventable factors.