Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fos expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in rat brainstem after visceral noxious stimulation： an immunohistochemical study

AIM: To prove that neurons in the different structures of the brainstem that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) are involved in the transmission and modulation of visceral or somatic nociceptive information in rat.METHODS: Immunohistochemical double-staining method was used to co-localize TH and Fos expression in neurons of the rat brainstem in visceral or subcutaneous noxious stimulation models.RESULTS: Neurons co-expressing TH/Fos were observed in lateral reticular nucleus (LRT), rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVL), solitary tract nucleus (SOL), locus coeruleus (LC), A5, A7 neuronal groups and ventrolateral subdivision of the periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) in both models. But the proportion and number of the double-labeled neurons responding to the two noxious stimuli were significantly different in the LRT, RVL and LC nuclei. The proportion and number of the TH/Fos double-labeled neurons in the visceral pain model were smaller than that in the subcutaneous pain model. However, in the case of SOL, they were similar in the two models.CONCLUSION: Differences of Fos expression in TH immunoreactive neurons in animals after visceral and somatic noxious stimulation indicate that the mechanisms of the transmission and modulation of visceral nociceptive information in the brainstem may be different from that of somatic nociceptive information.
Positive association of obesity with single nucleotide polymorphisms of syndecan 3 in the Korean population.

CONTEXT Very recently the unforeseen role of syndecan 3 (SDC3), a family of membrane-bound heparin sulfate proteoglycans, in the regulation of energy balance has been discovered in the Sdc3 null female mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SDC3 are associated with obesity in the Korean population. DESIGN/SETTING/SUBJECTS We conducted a population-based cohort study consisting of 229 control and 245 study subjects and a second independent study consisting of 192 control and 115 study subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Body mass index (BMI) was measured. RESULTS First, Sdc3 mRNA expression in the brain of ob/ob mice was profoundly increased, compared with control mice. Next, all three nonsynonymous SNPs [T271I (rs2282440, C>T), D245N (rs4949184, C>T), and V150I (rs2491132, C>T)] in the SDC3 gene in control female subjects (BMI < 23, n = 229) and obese female subjects (BMI > 30, n = 245) were genotyped. We demonstrated the presence of clear ethnic differences in three nonsynonymous SDC3 SNPs among African-Americans, Chinese, Europeans, and Koreans. Of three SNPs in SDC3, rs4949184 was not associated with obesity and the other two SNPs (rs2282440 and rs2491132) were strongly associated with obesity (P < 0.0001), and the results were confirmed in the second independent study group. Haplotype analysis also revealed strong association with obesity (chi2 = 76.92, P < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS There are ethnic differences in the SDC3 polymorphisms, and the polymorphisms are strongly associated with obesity.
Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatorymechanisms. The failure of idiotype- coupled spleen cells to induce unresponsiveness in animals lacking the appropriate VH genes is caused by the lack of idiotype-matehed targets

A/J anti-p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) antibodies bearing cross-reactive idiotypic (CRI) determinants, when coupled to spleen cells and then injected intravenously into naive animals, stimulate suppressor T cell (Ts) responses. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that the ability of such idiotype-coupled spleen cells to induce immune unresponsiveness to subsequent immunization with ABA-coupled spleen cells is linked to Igh-1 genes. Thus, CRI bearing antibodies from A/J mice, when conjugated to normal BALB/c spleen cells in vitro and then injected intravenously to syngeneic BALB/c mice, failed to induce tolerance in these animals. However, spleen cells taken from these animals transferred significant degrees of suppression to Igh-1 congenic C.AL-20 but not to H-2 congenic, Igh-1 distinct B10.D2 mice. Therefore, the failure of CRI-coupled spleen cells to induce suppressor cell- mediated unresponsiveness in animals unable to express the appropriate VH genes (i.e. BALB/c and B10.D2) appears to be caused by the lack of idiotype- matched targets. The notion that the ability to express certain Vn genes in the recipient animal is a prerequisite for suppressor cell function was further supported by the observation that suppressor cells induced in C.AL-20 mice failed to transfer any degree of suppression to BALB/c mice. The ability to transfer suppression from BALB/c mice to C.AL-20 mice is a T cell- dependent phenomenon, since in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement completely abrogated suppressor cell function. Furthermore, these suppressor T cells are antigen specific and can be enriched on idiotype-coated petri dishes, indicating they possess anti-idiotypic receptors. Therefore, appropriate anti-idiotype and idiotype interaction is essential for the manifestation of suppressor T cell function in ABA-specific suppressor pathways.
Health Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: A Useful Proactive Risk Analysis of Nutrition and Food Distribution in Mashhad Qaem Hospital’s Women’s Surgery Ward in 2013

A B S T R A C T Background and Objectives: Good medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is crucial to inpatients' health and treatment, and is part of routine hospital cares. Surgery ward is a highly danger-prone section in any hospital. The present study was conducted for a proactive risk analysis of nutrition and food distribution in Mashhad Qaem Hospital' Women's Surgery Ward in 2013 through health care failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA). Materials and Methods: A qualitative-quantitative research identified and analyzed the failure modes and effects through HFMEA. To rank error modes, we drew upon nursing errors in the clinical management model; to rank the effective causes of failure, we approved the model by the UK National Health System; and to rank the performance improvement approaches, we used the theory of inventive problem solving, TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving). Results: A total of 42 failure modes were identified for 15 sub-processes listed in 7 processes of nutrition and food distribution. In sum, 11.9% of the failures modes were classified as high risk (hazard scores >=8). Of 15 effective failure modes, the highest number of cause failure modes was associated with team factors, and the lowest number was associated with facilities. Conclusions: Using proactive HFMEA is highly effective in detecting potential failures in medication, effective factors in failure modes, and performance improvement approaches in hospital food distribution. 'Monitoring proper patient-wards relationship,' 'committee establishment on diet, nutrition and medications,' 'performance assessment checklist making' and 'supervising by nutrition authority over food distribution in wards' were identified as effective performance approaches in the Women's Surgery Ward in Qaem Hospital.
Assessment of brain AT1-receptor on the nocturnal basal and angiotensin-induced thirst and sodium appetite in ovariectomised rats

Objective. Considering the controversial data regarding the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on the thirst and sodium appetite in ovariectomised rats, we aimed to evaluate the role of the brain angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1-receptor on the nocturnal fluids intake. Materials and methods. Groups of Wistar female rats were ovariectomised and chronically given oestrogen or vehicle to evaluate its influence on effects induced by i.c. v. injection of losartan,Ang I and Ang II. Results. The i.c. v. losartan decreased basal water intake in the ovariectomised group.Ang II but not Ang I-induced nocturnal dipsogenic and natriorexigenic responses in ovariectomised rats. In oestrogen-treated rats, both peptides increased fluids intake. Previously, i.c. v. losartan abolished these effects in all groups. Oestrogen replacement decreased the nocturnal fluids intake, attenuated the losartan and Ang II effects, and highlighted the Ang I response. Conclusions. The present study has shown for the first time the involvement of AT1-receptor in regulating nocturnal basal water and salt intake in ovariectomised rats. In addition, our data have revealed an unexpected increased brain Ang I-mediated fluid intake in oestrogen-treated ovariectomised compared to ovariectomised rats, which was blocked by previous i.c. v. losartan. Our data have therefore shown that oestrogen influences homeostatic behaviours dependent on brain RAS.
Suppression of Endogenous IL-10 Gene Expression in Dendritic Cells Enhances Antigen Presentation for Specific Th1 Induction: Potential for Cellular Vaccine Development1

A new paradigm for designing vaccines against certain microbial pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, is based on the induction of local mucosal Th1 response. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts negative immunoregulatory influence on Th1 response. This study investigated whether biochemical modulation of endogenous IL-10 expression at the level of APCs is a practical strategy for enhancing the specific Th1 response against pathogens controlled by Th1 immunity. The results revealed that the high resistance of genetically engineered IL-10−/− (IL-10KO) mice to genital chlamydial infection is a function of the predilection of their APCs to rapidly and preferentially activate a high Th1 response. Thus, in microbiological analysis, IL-10KO mice suffered a shorter duration of infection, less microbial burden, and limited ascending infection than immunocompetent wild-type mice. Also, IL-10KO were resistant to reinfection after 8 wk of the primary infection. Cellular and molecular immunologic evaluation indicated that IL-10KO mice induced greater frequency of chlamydial-specific Th1 response following C. trachomatis infection. Moreover, IL-10KO APCs or antisense IL-10 oligonucleotide-treated wild-type APCs were potent activators of Th1 response from naive or immune T cells. Furthermore, both Ag-pulsed dendritic cells from IL-10KO mice and IL-10 antisense-treated dendritic cells from wild-type mice were efficient cellular vaccines in adoptive immunotherapeutic vaccination against genital chlamydial infection. These findings may furnish a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for boosting the Th1 response against T cell-controlled pathogens and tumors, using IL-10-deficient APCs as vaccine delivery agents.
Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance

Working memory (WM), a key determinant of many higher-order cognitive functions, declines in old age. Current research attempts to develop process-specific WM training procedures, which may lead to general cognitive improvement. Adaptivity of the training as well as the comparison of training gains to performance changes of an active control group are key factors in evaluating the effectiveness of a specific training program. In the present study, 55 younger adults (20–30 years of age) and 45 older adults (60–70 years of age) received 5 weeks of computerized training on various spatial and verbal WM tasks. Half of the sample received adaptive training (i.e., individually adjusted task difficulty), whereas the other half-worked on the same task material but on a low task difficulty level (active controls). Performance was assessed using criterion, near-transfer, and far-transfer tasks before training, after 5 weeks of intervention, as well as after a 3-month follow-up interval. Results indicate that (a) adaptive training generally led to larger training gains than low-level practice, (b) training and transfer gains were somewhat greater for younger than for older adults in some tasks, but comparable across age groups in other tasks, (c) far-transfer was observed to a test on sustained attention and for a self-rating scale on cognitive functioning in daily life for both young and old, and (d) training gains and transfer effects were maintained across the 3-month follow-up interval across age.
hMad4, c‐Myc endogenous inhibitor, induces a replicative senescence‐like state when overexpressed in human fibroblasts

Mad family proteins have an antagonistic action on Myc‐dependent cell proliferation and transformation. We isolated a human cDNA clone, human Mad4 (hMad4), encoding a polypeptide of 209 amino acid residues, exhibiting 90% identity with mouse Mad4. Northern blot analysis shows that hMad4 probe hybridizes to a 3.8 kb message; its expression is highest in quiescent human WI38 fibroblasts. Among tissues, hMad4 mRNA is most abundant in brain, lung, and muscle. Consistent with other members of the Mad family, hMad4 can repress the transactivation activity of Myc/Max heterodimers on an E‐box chloramphenicol acteyl transferase (CAT) reporter plasmid; inhibition of both proliferation and clonogenic formation of hMad4‐infected cells correlates with the in vitro reporter repression. Moreover, infection of young human fibroblasts induces a replicative senescence‐like state. This phenotype was accompanied by s‐β‐galactosidase and PAI‐1 expression. These results suggest that hMad4 might be an important regulator of replicative senescence in human cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 89: 576–588, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of MMPI-2 High-Point Coding Strategies

High-point coding refers to the popular practice of classifying Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Hathaway & McKinley, 1983) profiles based on which clinical scales are the most elevated. A previous review of high-point code studies (McGrath & Ingersoll, 1999a) noted marked discrepancies across studies in the rules used to define high-point codes. This study was conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of different strategies for high-point coding. The impact of 4 rules for high-point coding on effect sizes and group sizes was evaluated. The 4 rules included requiring a minimum elevation, excluding potentially invalid protocols, restricting coding to well-defined codes, and replacing the lower scale in infrequently occurring codes with the next most elevated scale. The evidence supported the clinical utility of requiring a minimum elevation for code scales. The results were more equivocal concerning the value of well-defined coding and for not replacing the lower scale in infrequent codes. Results were surprisingly negative concerning the utility of excluding potentially invalid protocols, suggesting that guidelines developed in situations in which there is a clear motivation to distort results may not generalize to other settings.
Microarray analysis of gene expression in the liver of transgenic mouse model of HCV infection

Background: The molecular interactions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with hepatic tissue have yet to be completely elucidated and understood. The purpose of this study was to compare differential gene expression patterns in the livers of non-transgenic and transgenic mouse model expressing HCV structural proteins Core, Envelope 1 (E1) and Envelope 2 (E2) using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays. Results: Total RNA extracted from the livers of HCV transgenic and non-transgenic mice was analyzed with cDNA microarray and differentially expressed genes confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Relative expression ratios of individual genes were determined by comparing hybridization of Cy5-labelled cDNA from transgenic mouse livers and Cy3-labelled cDNA from non-transgenic mouse livers. The spot array images were quantified using QuantArray software and the outlier spots was normalized and filtered using five different criteria. 15,297 genes were analyzed using three different analytical methods. Depending on these methods, twenty-one genes were found to be differentially expressed at a statistically significant level. From these, 6 genes had a consistent differential expression. Several genes were directly involved in lipid metabolism and lipid β-oxidation. 5-azacytidine induced gene 2 (AZ2), which is involved in the methylation of genes was down regulated in HCV transgenic mice. Altered transcript levels of these 6 genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion: Interactions between HCV and hepatocytes not only involve lipid metabolism and redox balance, but this interaction may also influence DNA methylation, indicating a potential association with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Stellar activity as a tracer of moving groups

We present the results of a study of the stellar activity in the solar neighborhood using complete kinematics (galactocentric velocities U, V, W) and the chromospheric activity index logR 0. We analyzed the average activity level near the centers of known moving groups using a sample of 2529 stars and found that the stars near these associations tend to be more active than field stars. This supports the hypothesis that these structures, or at least a significant part of them, are composed of kinematically bound, young stars. We confirmed our results by using GALaxy Evolution EXplorer (GALEX) UV data and kinematics taken from the GenevaCopenhagen Survey for the stars in the sample. Finally, we present a compiled catalog with kinematics and activities for 2529 stars and a list of potential moving group members selected based on their stellar activity level.
Processing Symbolic Sequences by Recurrent Neural Networks Trained by Kalman Filter-Based Algorithms

Kalman filter (KF)-based techniques used for recurrent neural networks (RNNs) training on real-valued time series have already shown their potential. On the other hand gradient descent approaches such as back-propagation through time (BPTT) or real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithms are still widely used by researchers working with symbolic sequences. The aim of this work is to show how KF-based techniques used for training RNNs can deal with symbolic time series. Experiments with different data sets are described, comparing the next symbol prediction performance of RNNs trained with KF-based algorithms and classical gradient descent techniques. KF-based training approaches usually show better performance, faster convergence and higher robustness in comparing with standard algorithms.
Transient requirement for vimentin in neuritogenesis: Intracellular delivery of anti‐vimentin antibodies and antisense oligonucleotides inhibit neurite initiation but not elongation of existing neurites in neuroblastoma

Vimentin is initially expressed by nearly all neuronal precursors in vivo, and is gradually replaced by neurofilaments shortly after the immature neurons become postmitotic (Cochard and Paulin, 1984, J Neurosci 4:2080; Tapscott et al., 1981, Dev Biol 86:40). A transient increase in neuritic vimentin filaments occurs within the first day of dbcAMP‐mediated neurite induction in NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma, after which vimentin levels rapidly decline and neurofilaments increase (Shea, 1990, Brain Res 521:343). In the present study, we tested the possibility that vimentin filaments may function in neurite elaboration by inducing neuritogenesis under conditions where vimentin expression and assembly was inhibited. Intracellular delivery of anti‐vimentin antiserum into transiently permeabilized NB2a/d1 cells prevented the initial elaboration of neurites, but did not retract existing neurites. By contrast, intracellular delivery of antiserum directed against the low molecular weight neurofilament subunit or normal rabbit antiserum did not affect neurite outgrowth. Treatment with vimentin antisense oligonucleotides reversibly depleted vimentin synthesis and steady‐state levels, and prevented neurite initiation, but did not induce retraction of existing neurites. These findings point toward an hitherto undetected role for vimentin in the initiation of neurite outgrowth. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SWIR images evaluation for pedestrian detection in clear visibility conditions

Pedestrian detection is a difficult task with significant practical interests especially in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. While the problem has been thoroughly studied from a visible, mid-wave infrared and far-wave infrared cameras perspective, little attention has been paid to the short-wave infrared spectrum. But although light in the short-wave infrared region is imperceptible to the eye, due to its reflective nature, it interacts with objects similarly to the visible wavelengths. As a result, short-wave images, including both shadows and contrast, are comparable to visible images in resolution and detail but they are not comparable in color, a feature which makes objects recognizable and yields one of the advantages of the short-waves, namely object or individual identification. In this paper we evaluate the pertinence of employing the short-wave bandwidths for the task of detecting pedestrians in clear visibility conditions.
Task-Dependent Oscillatory Brain Activity During Oculomotor Delayed Response Task

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Figures . vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Working Memory Model . 12 Cognitive approaches to working memory . 12 Physiological Approaches to working memory . 14 Our approach to working memory . 17 Paradigm . 17 Delayed response tasks and oculomotor delayed response tasks . 17 Networks Involved in Working Memory . 19 Prefrontal cortex . 19 Parietal cortex . 22 Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potentials . 23 Components and slow waves . 26 Oscillatory activity during working memory . 27 Alpha band activity . 29 Wavelet transform and time frequency analysis . 31 The Present Study . 33 Purpose and rationale . 33 Research questions and hypothesis . 35
Does Cosleeping Contribute to Lower Testosterone Levels in Fathers? Evidence from the Philippines

Because cross-species evidence suggests that high testosterone (T) may interfere with paternal investment, the relationships between men's transition to parenting and changes in their T are of growing interest. Studies of human males suggest that fathers who provide childcare often have lower T than uninvolved fathers, but no studies to date have evaluated how nighttime sleep proximity between fathers and their offspring may affect T. Using data collected in 2005 and 2009 from a sample of men (n = 362; age 26.0 ± 0.3 years in 2009) residing in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines, we evaluated fathers' T based on whether they slept on the same surface as their children (same surface cosleepers), slept on a different surface but in the same room (roomsharers), or slept separately from their children (solitary sleepers). A large majority (92%) of fathers in this sample reported practicing same surface cosleeping. Compared to fathers who slept solitarily, same surface cosleeping fathers had significantly lower evening (PM) T and also showed a greater diurnal decline in T from waking to evening (both p<0.05). Among men who were not fathers at baseline (2005), fathers who were cosleepers at follow-up (2009) experienced a significantly greater longitudinal decline in PM T over the 4.5-year study period (p<0.01) compared to solitary sleeping fathers. Among these same men, baseline T did not predict fathers' sleeping arrangements at follow-up (p>0.2). These results are consistent with previous findings indicating that daytime father-child interaction contributes to lower T among fathers. Our findings specifically suggest that close sleep proximity between fathers and their offspring results in greater longitudinal decreases in T as men transition to fatherhood and lower PM T overall compared to solitary sleeping fathers.