Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fulminant course of osteonecrosis of the jaw in a rheumatoid arthritis patient following oral bisphosphonate intake and biologic therapy.

Thelma Skare, Renato M. Nisihara and Shirley R. R. Utiyama Rheumatology Unit, Evangelical University Hospital of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, Medicine Department, University Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil and Laboratory of Immunopathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Accepted 12 July 2012 Correspondence to: Renato M. Nisihara, R. João Azolin, 660, 80015-040, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. E-mail: renatomitsu@yahoo.com. br
Circadian Rhythm and Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Genes in Osseointegration: A Genome-Wide Screening of Implant Failure by Vitamin D Deficiency

Background Successful dental and orthopedic implants require the establishment of an intimate association with bone tissue; however, the mechanistic explanation of how biological systems accomplish osseointegration is still incomplete. We sought to identify critical gene networks involved in osseointegration by exploring the implant failure model under vitamin D deficiency. Methodology Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to control or vitamin D-deficient diet prior to the osteotomy surgery in the femur bone and the placement of T-shaped Ti4Al6V implant. Two weeks after the osteotomy and implant placement, tissue formed at the osteotomy site or in the hollow chamber of T-shaped implant was harvested and total RNA was evaluated by whole genome microarray analyses. Principal Findings Two-way ANOVA of microarray data identified 103 genes that were significantly (>2 fold) modulated by the implant placement and vitamin D deficiency. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses assigned the highest z-score to the circadian rhythm pathway including neuronal PAS domain 2 (NPAS2), and period homolog 2 (Per2). NPAS2 and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL/Bmal 1) were upregulated around implant and diminished by vitamin D deficiency, whereas the expression pattern of Per2 was complementary. Hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed that NPAS2 was in a group predominantly composed of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Whereas the expression of bone ECM genes around implant was not significantly affected by vitamin D deficiency, cartilage ECM genes were modulated by the presence of the implant and vitamin D status. In a proof-of-concept in vitro study, the expression of cartilage type II and X collagens was found upregulated when mouse mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on implant disk with 1,25D supplementation. Conclusions This study suggests that the circadian rhythm system and cartilage extracellular matrix may be involved in the establishment of osseointegration under vitamin D regulation.
Recent glacier variations at the Aconcagua basin, central Chilean Andes

Abstract The majority of glaciers in central Chile have receded in recent decades, from >50m to only a few meters per year, mainly in response to an increase in the 0˚C isotherm altitude. The Aconcagua river basin (33˚ S) is one of the major glaciated basins in central Chile, with 121 km2 of ice in 2003. An earlier inventory using 1955 aerial photographs yielded a total surface area of 151 km2, implying a reduction in glacier area of 20% (0.63km2 a–1) over the 48 years. Photographic stereo models, high-resolution satellite images (Landsat, ASTER) and SRTM data have been used to delineate glacier basins. A focus on Glaciar Juncal Norte, one of the largest glaciers in the basin, allows a more detailed analysis of changes. The glacier has exhibited a smaller reduction (14%) between 1955 and 2006, and the resulting elevation changes over this smaller period are not significant. The above reduction rates are lower than in other glaciers of central Chile and Argentina. This trend emphasizes water runoff availability in a river where most of the water in the dry summers is generated by glaciers and snowpack, and where most of the superficial water rights are already allocated. Ongoing hydrological research including modelling of future water runoff will improve our understanding.
Living standards and public policy in Central Asia : What can be learned from child anthropometry?

Data on the weight and height of children are used to assess living standards and public policy in Uzbekistan, the most populous of the Central Asian republics. The paper begins by making the case for the use of such data, contrasting them with monetized measures of welfare based on household incomes or expenditures, before going on to review the problems of interpretation that anthropometry presents for the economist. The prevalence of stunting and wasting in three regions of Uzbekistan is compared with that in neighbouring Kazakhstan and with other countries from outside the region. Multivariate analysis is then used to test three hypotheses concerning rural-urban differences in living standards, the impact of kindergartens on nutritional status, and the targeting of means-tested social assistance.
Can neuroimaging help aphasia researchers? Addressing generalizability, variability, and interpretability

ABSTRACT Neuroimaging studies of individuals with brain damage seek to link brain structure and activity to cognitive impairments, spontaneous recovery, or treatment outcomes. To date, such studies have relied on the critical assumption that a given anatomical landmark corresponds to the same functional unit(s) across individuals. However, this assumption is fallacious even across neurologically healthy individuals. Here, we discuss the severe implications of this issue, and argue for an approach that circumvents it, whereby: (i) functional brain regions are defined separately for each subject using fMRI, allowing for inter-individual variability in their precise location; (ii) the response profile of these subject-specific regions are characterized using various other tasks; and (iii) the results are averaged across individuals, guaranteeing generalizabliity. This method harnesses the complementary strengths of single-case studies and group studies, and it eliminates the need for post hoc “reverse inference” from anatomical landmarks back to cognitive operations, thus improving data interpretability.
Pituitary prolactin producing adenoma with ossification: A rare histological variant and review of literature

Pituitary adenoma with ossification is a rare histological variant. Previously there have been four cases reported in the literature. Here a case of pituitary prolactin‐producing adenoma with bone formation in a 21‐year‐old woman is described. The patient had irregular menstruation for three years. MRI revealed an unusual 1.5 cm3 ovoid nodule with partial shell‐like structure showing heterogeneous signals. The pre‐operative prolactin serum level was 258.78 ng/mL. The patient was operated through the trans‐sphenoidal pathway under general anesthesia. Histologically, the tumor was parenchymal and mostly replaced by the well‐differentiated lamellar bony tissue. Sheets of tumor cells interweaved with the mature lamellar bone trabeculae showing no cellular atypia. The cytoplasm of the adenoma cells was slightly eosinophilic and the myelo‐adipose metaplastic foci were also found within the parenchyma. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor cells showed positive expressions of prolactin, synaptophysin and chromogranin A in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Meanwhile, negative expressions of S‐100, epithelial membrane antigen, GFAP and other pituitary hormones were also demonstrated. As a rare histological variant of pituitary adenoma, the current case of pituitary prolactin producing adenoma with ossification is reported. It is speculated that the ossification may be derived from the osteo‐metaplasia of mesenchymal fibroblasts resulting from the effects of both secondary ischemia by the outgrowth of the tumor and/or the autocrine effect of prolactin in this case. The bony shell structure may limit the growth of pituitary adenoma.
Brain Atrophy Is Related to Lacunar Lesions and Tissue Microstructural Changes in CADASIL

Background and Purpose— Cerebral atrophy has been recently recognized as a key marker of disease progression in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). The contribution of subcortical cerebral lesions in this process remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between cerebral volume and different types of subcortical MRI lesions in CADASIL. Methods— Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 147 patients with CADASIL recruited from a prospective cohort study were analyzed. Validated methods were used to determine the ratio of brain volume to intracranial cavity volume (brain parenchymal fraction [BPF]), volume of white matter hyperintensities, volume of lacunar lesions, number of cerebral microhemorrhages, and mean apparent diffusion coefficient. Associations between BPF, clinical scales, and the different subcortical MRI markers were tested. Results— BPF obtained in 129 patients was significantly associated with the Mattis dementia rating scale (P<0.0001), Mini-Mental State Examination (P=0.002), and modified Rankin scale (P<0.0001) after adjustment for age and sex. Multiple linear regression modeling showed that BPF was independently associated with mean apparent diffusion coefficient (P<0.0001), volume of lacunar lesions (P=0.004), and age (P<0.0001), accounting for 46% of the observed variance in BPF but not with volume of white matter hyperintensities or number of microhemorrhages. Conclusions— In association with age, mean apparent diffusion coefficient and volume of lacunar lesions are strong and independent MRI predictors of BPF, a key marker of cognitive and motor disability in CADASIL. These results suggest brain atrophy is related to remote and/or diffuse consequences of both lacunar lesions and widespread microstructural alterations within the brain outside lacunar lesions.
Language-model-based ranking for queries on RDF-graphs

The success of knowledge-sharing communities like Wikipedia and the advances in automatic information extraction from textual and Web sources have made it possible to build large "knowledge repositories" such as DBpedia, Freebase, and YAGO. These collections can be viewed as graphs of entities and relationships (ER graphs) and can be represented as a set of subject-property-object (SPO) triples in the Semantic-Web data model RDF. Queries can be expressed in the W3C-endorsed SPARQL language or by similarly designed graph-pattern search. However, exact-match query semantics often fall short of satisfying the users' needs by returning too many or too few results. Therefore, IR-style ranking models are crucially needed. In this paper, we propose a language-model-based approach to ranking the results of exact, relaxed and keyword-augmented graph pattern queries over RDF graphs such as ER graphs. Our method estimates a query model and a set of result-graph models and ranks results based on their Kullback-Leibler divergence with respect to the query model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ranking model by a comprehensive user study.
Registration of plantar pressure images

In this work, five computational methodologies to register plantar pressure images are compared: (1) the first methodology is based on matching the external contours of the feet; (2) the second uses the phase correlation technique; (3) the third addresses the direct maximization of cross‐correlation using the Fourier transform; (4) the fourth minimizes the sum of squared differences using the Fourier transform; and (5) the fifth methodology iteratively optimizes an intensity (dis)similarity measure based on Powell's method. The accuracy and robustness of the five methodologies were assessed by using images from three common plantar pressure acquisition devices: a Footscan system, an EMED system, and a light reflection system. Using the residual error as a measure of accuracy, all methodologies revealed to be very accurate even in the presence of noise. The most accurate was the methodology based on the iterative optimization, when the mean squared error was minimized. It achieved a residual error inferior to 0.01 mm and 0.6 mm for non‐noisy and noisy images, respectively. On the other hand, the methodology based on image contour matching was the fastest, but its accuracy was the lowest. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rank-one convexity implies quasiconvexity on diagonal matrices

We prove a conjecture of Tartar regarding weak lower semiconti nuity of functionals on sequences uj vj R R which satisfy uj vj in H This is the simplest example in the theory of compensated compactness for which the constant rank con dition fails The proof uses the fact that certain coe cients in the Haar basis expansion can be estimated in terms of the Riesz trans form which seems to be of independent interest Applications to the relation between rank convexity and quasiconvexity are indicated AMS Classi cation J C B
Schoolbook Texts: Behavioral Achievement Priming in Math and Language

Prior research found reliable and considerably strong effects of semantic achievement primes on subsequent performance. In order to simulate a more natural priming condition to better understand the practical relevance of semantic achievement priming effects, running texts of schoolbook excerpts with and without achievement primes were used as priming stimuli. Additionally, we manipulated the achievement context; some subjects received no feedback about their achievement and others received feedback according to a social or individual reference norm. As expected, we found a reliable (albeit small) positive behavioral priming effect of semantic achievement primes on achievement in math (Experiment 1) and language tasks (Experiment 2). Feedback moderated the behavioral priming effect less consistently than we expected. The implication that achievement primes in schoolbooks can foster performance is discussed along with general theoretical implications.
Vertebrate Burrow Complexes from the Early Triassic Cynognathus Zone (Driekoppen Formation, Beaufort Group) of the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Abstract A scratch-marked burrow complex with multiple branching tunnels and terminal chambers was excavated from the Lower Triassic Driekoppen Formation, northeastern Free State, South Africa. The burrow complex is attributed to the therapsid Trirachodon, based on disarticulated but fairly complete skulls and skeletons of at least 20 individuals recovered from a nearby, less well-preserved system. The entrance shaft slopes gently downward and is characterized by a bilobate floor and vaulted roof. The bilobate floor has a central flat-topped scratch-marked ridge flanked by two smooth grooves, each approximately the width of the occupant. At deeper levels, tunnels display tighter lateral curvatures, progressively decreasing burrow diameters, variable orientations, and some right angle branches. Burrow floors at these levels are vaguely bilobate. Distally, burrows flatten dorso-ventrally, becoming wedge-shaped before they terminate. These complexes are interpreted as colonial dwelling structures. Numerous branching tunnels and terminal chambers, as well as an enlarged entrance, constitute an unrealistically high expenditure of energy for a single occupant. Furthermore, the bilobate floor is atypical of a single occupant system. Absence of scratch marks in the depressions reflects the regular locomotory activity of Trirachodon. In single-occupant burrows, the center of the structure is worn. The bilobate floor with preferential wear along the flanks suggests routine travel on one side of the tunnel or the other, as multiple occupants moved past one another during daily activity. The presence of numerous fossilized Trirachodon individuals in terminal chambers at the second locality supports multiple cohabitation. There, the uniform sedimentary fill and vertebrate taphonomy suggest that the occupants were drowned in a flash flood. Vertebrate remains are absent at the first locality, where sediment influx was incremental, permitting the escape of burrow occupants. This constitutes the earliest record of multiple cohabitation of a burrow complex by tetrapods. The Trirachodon (Cynodontia) of the Early Triassic Cynognathus Zone probably displayed complex social behaviors previously regarded to be restricted to the mammals of the Cenozoic. This fossorial behavior may have been for thermoregulation, protection from predators, sites of reproduction, and the rearing of young.
Common Certainty of Rationality Revisited

In conventional epistemic analysis of solution concepts in complete information games, complete information is implicitly interpreted to mean common certainty of (i) a mapping from action profiles to outcomes; (ii) players' (unconditional) preferences over outcomes; and (iii) players' preferences over outcomes conditional on others' actions. We characterize a new solution concept preference-correlated rationalizability that captures common certainty of (i) and (ii) but not (iii). We show that it is badly behaved, with failures of upper hemicontinuity giving rise to counter-intuitive results. We discuss restrictions that restore well-behaved results.
3-D modelling of Alpine Mohos in Southwestern Alps

SUMMARY We present and discuss a 3-D geometrical model of the Moho topography in the Southwestern Alps. To achieve this objective, we used the potential of 3-D modelling software (i.e. a 3-D GeoModeller) to combine gravity, seismic and seismological constraints in a same and coherent 3-D space. A new regional Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Southwestern Alps was calculated and filtered to isolate the Moho signature in the Southwestern Alps. Then, two alternative 3-D models were computed with data from the literature based on seismic and seismological constraints. The first one represents an European lithospheric mantle decoupled from the European orogenic crust which is back-thrusted by the Ivrea body whereas the second 3-D model illustrates the subduction of a 20-km-thick piece of lower continental crust, coupled with the European upper mantle, beneath the Ivrea body. According to the geological knowledge of these units we then assigned a density value to each modelled layer and we computed their gravity effects to compare them with the filtered Moho map of the Southwestern Alps. First of all, the significant discrepancies of the Moho gravity signature generated by these two geometrical models reveal that subduction of continental crust is no more active in the present-day configuration of the Southwestern Alps. Therefore, the first 3-D model was refined by a stochastic 3-D gravity inversion. Based on this processing, our investigations confirm the presence of three superposed Mohos in the Southwestern Alps and underline that:
Computational Optimization for Climate Prediction

Developing climate prediction model integration schemes which can provide realistic scenarios on long time scales with limited computing resources is the challenge of this research. One method to succeed in this task is to increase the integration timestep. We have tested several techniques which may prove useful. The most successful was applied to the shallow water equations over a spherical surface in which the prediction model was represented in its normal modes, the high frequency modes were balanced while the low frequency modes were predicted. Experiments which we will describe extend this procedure to a state-of-the-art model (the NCAR/CCM3). We have taken the predicted data from each timestep of the model integration, projected it onto Hough modes, separated the modes into fast and slow components, integrated the slow components with a timestep three times longer than that used in the standard model run and balanced the fast modes. The modal data was then reconverted to model format and returned for the next iteration. Seasonal model output using this procedure was compared to the standard model run output and the results of ten realizations showed the both calculations gave identical results within model variability.
BEDROCK CONTROLS ON STREAM CHANNEL ENLARGEMENT WITH URBANIZATION, NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS

Loss due to channel erosion in the Dallas, Texas, area is estimated to approach one-half million dollars in the last several years. Hydrogeomorphic analysis of natural and urban chalk and shale watersheds was performed in the central Texas area on watersheds ranging in size from 0.5 to 10 square miles in an effort to more adequately predict channel enlargement due to urbanization. Chalk watersheds were found to have greater drainage density, greater channel slope, lower sinuosity, and greater discharge per unit area than similar sized shale watersheds under natural conditions. With subsequent urbanization of the watersheds, chalk channel enlargement was from 12 to 67 percent greater than shale channel enlargement for similar sized watersheds. Greater enlargement in chalk channels is attributed to greater channel velocities and unit tractive force. Vegetation seems to play a significant role in influencing channel adjustments to the new flow regimes brought on by urbanization. Channel response to urbanization is documented and specific nonstructural guidelines are proposed which could reduce structural loss along urban stream channels.
Lava: hardware design in Haskell

Lava is a tool to assist circuit designers in specifying, designing, verifying and implementing hardware. It is a collection of Haskell modules. The system design exploits functional programming language features, such as monads and type classes, to provide multiple interpretations of circuit descriptions. These interpretations implement standard circuit analyses such as simulation, formal verification and the generation of code for the production of real circuits.Lava also uses polymorphism and higher order functions to provide more abstract and general descriptions than are possible in traditional hardware description languages. Two Fast Fourier Transform circuit examples illustrate this.
Forecasting the Price of Oil

We address some of the key questions that arise in forecasting the price of crude oil. What do applied forecasters need to know about the choice of sample period and about the tradeoffs between alternative oil price series and model specifications? Are real or nominal oil prices predictable based on macroeconomic aggregates? Does this predictability translate into gains in out-of-sample forecast accuracy compared with conventional no-change forecasts? How useful are oil futures markets in forecasting the price of oil? How useful are survey forecasts? How does one evaluate the sensitivity of a baseline oil price forecast to alternative assumptions about future demand and supply conditions? How does one quantify risks associated with oil price forecasts? Can joint forecasts of the price of oil and of U.S. real GDP growth be improved upon by allowing for asymmetries?
'Egyptianizing' the Alexandrina: The Contemporary Revival of the Ancient Mouseion/Library

Book description: This book presents and analyses the results of the use and adaptation of ancient Egyptian architecture in modern times. It traces the use of ancient Egyptian motifs and constructions across the world, from Australia, the Americas and Southern Africa to Western Europe. It also inquires into the cultural, economic and social contexts of this practice. Imhotep Today is exceptional not only in its global coverage, but in its analyses of thorny questions such as: what was it about Ancient Egypt that inspired such Egyptianizing monuments, and was it just one idea, or several different ones which formed the basis of such activities? The book also asks why only certain images, such as obelisks and sphinxes, were incorporated within the movement. The contributors explore how these 'monuments' fitted into the local architecture of the time and, in this context, they investigate whether 'Egyptianizing architecture' is an ongoing movement and, if so, how it differs from earlier, similar activities.