Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Entitlements and Equality on Cooperative Bargaining with Private, Unverifiable Information

In many bargaining situations a third party is authorized to impose a backstop position on the bargainers. Prominent examples include governments who use collaborative policymaking between stakeholders to set public policy, but also compulsory arbitration in labour negotiations. Axiomatic models of cooperative bargaining, such as the Nash bargain, presume that the status quo allocation will have no effect on the outcome parties reach if it differs from the backstop set by the third party. In contrast, experimental findings have suggested that both equality of outcomes and entitlement (where the status quo establishes a focal point) may affect the agreements bargainers reach, at least under full information. This paper extends the investigation of the effect of equality and entitlement on cooperative bargaining to the case where parties have private, unverifiable information concerning the value of outcomes. We use a two-party, two-attribute experimental design in which subjects take part in unstructured, face-to-face bargaining to jointly select from among approximately 200 potential outcomes. We find that, relative to full information, parties who bargain under private information are almost as likely to reach agreements as those under full information, and that these agreements are still approximately Pareto efficient. Further, the effect of the status quo (rather than backstop) allocation seems amplified under private information, while the effect of equality is dampened, but not eliminated.
Mutations in TRAPPC11 are associated with a congenital disorder of glycosylation

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a heterogeneous and rapidly growing group of diseases caused by abnormal glycosylation of proteins and/or lipids. Mutations in genes involved in the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus (GA), and the vesicular trafficking from the ER to the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) have been found to be associated with CDG. Here, we report a patient with defects in both N‐ and O‐glycosylation combined with a delayed vesicular transport in the GA due to mutations in TRAPPC11, a subunit of the TRAPPIII complex. TRAPPIII is implicated in the anterograde transport from the ER to the ERGIC as well as in the vesicle export from the GA. This report expands the spectrum of genetic alterations associated with CDG, providing new insights for the diagnosis and the understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms underlying glycosylation disorders.
An efficient modulation technique to mitigate nonlinearities in optical OFDM

The optical OFDM (O-OFDM) system is a growing technology for next generation high-speed optical communication. Two types of O-OFDM; CO-OFDM (Coherent-Optical OFDM) and Direct-current-based optical OFDM (DC-OFDM) are discussed. Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are used in up-converter part of CO-OFDM system to convert the RF signal to optical signal when the light cannot directly modulate for higher speed. The MZM has a cosine behavior with high nonlinear characteristic that affects the system performance. This paper aims to investigate an efficient pulse modulation technique for mitigating nonlinearity effect in the Mach-Zehnder modulator of CO-OFDM system. It also highlights the proposed method, an efficient CO-OFDM system to solve the existing nonlinearity issue. This technique influences positively on OSNR to reduce non linearity over different distances of optical channel and improve the system performance in terms of power consumption and bandwidth efficiency.
Learner profiles in secondary education: Occurrence and relationship with performance and student characteristics

Abstract The authors explore the occurrence of different learner profiles in secondary education, as well as their relationship with test performance and student characteristics. Based on a cluster analysis of 1,931 secondary school students’ self-reported text-learning strategy use and study traces, the authors identified and validated four distinct learner profiles: integrated strategy users, information organizers, mental learners, and limited strategy users. Integrated strategy users engaged in different text-learning strategies and obtained the highest scores on the performance test. Limited strategy users generally used only a limited number of text-learning strategies and scored the lowest. In addition, a significant difference was established in gender and reading ability distribution across learner profiles, but home language distribution was not found to be significant.
Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Graphene Membranes under Uniaxial and Biaxial Strain in Nanoelectromechanical Pressure Sensors

Graphene membranes act as highly sensitive transducers in nanoelectromechanical devices due to their ultimate thinness. Previously, the piezoresistive effect has been experimentally verified in graphene using uniaxial strain in graphene. Here, we report experimental and theoretical data on the uni- and biaxial piezoresistive properties of suspended graphene membranes applied to piezoresistive pressure sensors. A detailed model that utilizes a linearized Boltzman transport equation describes accurately the charge-carrier density and mobility in strained graphene and, hence, the gauge factor. The gauge factor is found to be practically independent of the doping concentration and crystallographic orientation of the graphene films. These investigations provide deeper insight into the piezoresistive behavior of graphene membranes.
BEE3: Revitalizing Computer Architecture Research

In recent years, advances in computer architecture have slowed dramatically with most simulation results demonstrating only incremental architectural innovation. This is further exacerbated by increased processor and system complexity spurred by a seemingly unlimited number of transistors at computer architect's disposal. Computer architects produce a myopic view of their systems through the lens of slow, highly-detailed software simulation or fast, coarse-grained software simulation, with fidelity always in question. By leveraging silicon technology scaling in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), hardware can be used to accelerate simulation, emulation, or prototyping of systems. Furthermore, because the base components are reconfigurable, the same system can be used for a variety of research projects, amortizing the cost, both in dollars and in learning time. In this paper, we present the third generation of the Berkeley Emulation Engine or BEE3 system. We demonstrate a new collaboration methodology between academia and industry and compare the industrial and academic system design process. The BEE3 is a production multi-FPGA system with up to 64 GB of DRAM and several I/O subsystems that can be used to enable faster, larger and higher fidelity computer architecture or other systems research. Using a widely available hardware platform also facilitates a software community that can generate and share software modules, thereby enabling rapid system development for computer architecture research.
Pheophytin Pheophorbide Hydrolase (Pheophytinase) Is Involved in Chlorophyll Breakdown during Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

During leaf senescence, chlorophyll is removed from thylakoid membranes and converted in a multistep pathway to colorless breakdown products that are stored in vacuoles. Dephytylation, an early step of this pathway, increases water solubility of the breakdown products. It is widely accepted that chlorophyll is converted into pheophorbide via chlorophyllide. However, chlorophyllase, which converts chlorophyll to chlorophyllide, was found not to be essential for dephytylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we identify pheophytinase (PPH), a chloroplast-located and senescence-induced hydrolase widely distributed in algae and land plants. In vitro, Arabidopsis PPH specifically dephytylates the Mg-free chlorophyll pigment, pheophytin (phein), yielding pheophorbide. An Arabidopsis mutant deficient in PPH (pph-1) is unable to degrade chlorophyll during senescence and therefore exhibits a stay-green phenotype. Furthermore, pph-1 accumulates phein during senescence. Therefore, PPH is an important component of the chlorophyll breakdown machinery of senescent leaves, and we propose that the sequence of early chlorophyll catabolic reactions be revised. Removal of Mg most likely precedes dephytylation, resulting in the following order of early breakdown intermediates: chlorophyll → pheophytin → pheophorbide. Chlorophyllide, the last precursor of chlorophyll biosynthesis, is most likely not an intermediate of breakdown. Thus, chlorophyll anabolic and catabolic reactions are metabolically separated.
Groundwater Governance and the Growth of Center Pivot Irrigation in Cimarron County, OK and Union County, NM: Implications for Community Vulnerability to Drought

Cimarron County, Oklahoma and Union County, New Mexico, neighboring counties in the Southern High Plains, are part of a vital agricultural region in the United States. This region experiences extended periods of cyclical drought threatening its ability to produce, creating an incentive for extensive center pivot irrigation (CPI). Center pivots draw from the rapidly depleting High Plains Aquifer System. As a result, the prospect of long-term sustainability for these agricultural communities is questionable. We use Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to quantify growth in land irrigated by CPI between the 1950s and 2014, and key informant interviews to explore local perspectives on the causes and impact of such growth. In Cimarron County, OK, CPI increased by the mid-1980s, and has continually increased since. Results suggest adaptation to drought, a depleting aquifer, high corn prices, and less rigid groundwater regulations contribute to CPI growth. Conversely, CPI in Union County, NM, increased until 2010, and then declined. Results also suggest that drought-related agricultural changes and more aggressive well drilling regulations contribute to this decrease. Nevertheless, in both counties, there is a growing concern over the depleting aquifer, the long-term sustainability of CPI, and the region’s economic future.
THE EFFECT OF PLEASE STRATEGY AND WRITING INTEREST TOWARD STUDENTS' WRITING SKILL

The aims of this study are to find out whether there was a significant difference in writing achievement between the students who were taught by using PLEASE strategy and that of those who were not, to find out whether there was an effect of writing interest on the students writing skill to write descriptive text or not, and to find out whether there was an effect of writing interest on the students writing skill who were taught by using PLEASE strategy or not. The samples involved in this study were the seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Kayuagung, South Sumatera which were divided into two groups; experimental and control groups. The data were gathered by using written test and questionnaire and then were analyzed by using t-test and simple linear regression. The results showed that t-obtained (2.57) > t-table (2.0017) with the degree of freedom 54 (df = 56). It could be concluded that there was a significant difference between the students who were taught by using PLEASE strategy and that of those who were not. The next result showed that there was no effect of writing interest on the students' writing skill (the score t-obtained of the writing variable was 1.14 at a significant of 0.26). After the treatment, the score of the writing variable was 3.34 at a significant level of 0.003. It indicated that there was an effect of writing interest on studentsâ€™ writing skills who were taught using PLEASE strategy. In conclusion, the students who were taught by using PLEASE strategy could be encouraged to have writing interest so that they could write a descriptive text based on the generic structure given.
Data Type Propagation in Simulink Models with Graph Transformation

Embedded systems are usually modeled to simulate their behavior. Nowadays, this modeling is often implemented in the Simulink environment, which offers strong support for modeling complex systems. Moreover, via modeling, various analyses can be applied to the systems at design time. An important analysis is of the data types assigned to signal variables. Such analysis enables identification of potential problems during model compilation and so prevent runtime surprises. To assist the system designer, Simulink supports which includes a step for automatic data type inferencing (e.g., based on designed signal value ranges and on the connection structure of design elements). In contrast to the Simulink implementation of the inferencing in a code base, which favors efficiency, the work presented here raises the level of abstraction by explicitly modeling the inferencing logic. This unlocks benefits such as the ability to (i) reason about the logic, (ii) implement different logic by advanced users, and (iii) experiment with different ordering of other logic in the model compilation.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Sequence Diversity on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes

Worldwide circulating HIV-1 genomes show extensive variation represented by different subtypes, polymorphisms and drug-resistant strains. Reports on the impact of sequence variation on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes are mixed. In this review, we summarize relevant published data from both resource-rich and resource-limited countries in the last 10 years on the impact of HIV-1 sequence diversity on treatment outcomes. The prevalence of transmission of drug resistant mutations (DRMs) varies considerably, ranging from 0% to 27% worldwide. Factors such as geographic location, access and availability to ART, duration since inception of treatment programs, quality of care, risk-taking behaviors, mode of transmission, and viral subtype all dictate the prevalence in a particular geographical region. Although HIV-1 subtype may not be a good predictor of treatment outcome, review of emerging evidence supports the fact that HIV-1 genome sequence-resulting from natural polymorphisms or drug-associated mutations-matters when it comes to treatment outcomes. Therefore, continued surveillance of drug resistant variants in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced populations is needed to reduce the transmission of DRMs and to optimize the efficacy of the current ART armamentarium.
Hepatitis C Virus E1 and E2 Proteins Used as Separate Immunogens Induce Neutralizing Antibodies with Additive Properties

Various strategies involving the use of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins as immunogens have been developed for prophylactic vaccination against HCV. However, the ideal mode of processing and presenting these immunogens for effective vaccination has yet to be determined. We used our recently described vaccine candidate based on full-length HCV E1 or E2 glycoproteins fused to the heterologous hepatitis B virus S envelope protein to compare the use of the E1 and E2 proteins as separate immunogens with their use as the E1E2 heterodimer, in terms of immunogenetic potential and the capacity to induce neutralizing antibodies. The specific anti-E1 and anti-E2 antibody responses induced in animals immunized with vaccine particles harboring the heterodimer were profoundly impaired with respect to those in animals immunized with particles harboring E1 and E2 separately. Moreover, the anti-E1 and anti-E2 antibodies had additive neutralizing properties that increase the cross-neutralization of heterologous strains of various HCV genotypes, highlighting the importance of including both E1 and E2 in the vaccine for an effective vaccination strategy. Our study has important implications for the optimization of HCV vaccination strategies based on HCV envelope proteins, regardless of the platform used to present these proteins to the immune system.
A Multistage Model of Bargaining

This paper presents a simple, multistage model of bargaining wherein a seller makes an offer that can be either accepted or refused. If rejected, the process continues. How the seller's ability to make commitments affects bargaining outcomes is analysed by comparing the commitment equilibria to those arising when commitment is impossible. The effects of increasing uncertainty about preferences and varying the length of the bargaining horizon are analysed. The ways in which the bargaining environment can be changed to improve outcomes are discussed.
Motion of variable-length MreB filaments at the bacterial cell membrane influences cell morphology

Superresolution fluorescence microscopy shows that bacterial MreB forms filamentous structures of length up to 3.4 µm, which run at various angles underneath the cell membrane with a speed of 85 nm/s. Movement depends on ATPase activity. Thus MreB is a true orthologue of actin, whose extended filament architecture drives cells.
DC-SIGN (CD209) Promoter −336 A/G Polymorphism Is Associated with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Correlated to DC-SIGN Expression and Immune Augmentation

Background The C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) is known to be the major dengue receptor on human dendritic cells, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of CD209 (−336 A/G; rs4804803) is susceptible to many infectious diseases. We reason that variations in the DC-SIGN gene might have a broad influence on viral replication and host immune responses. Methods and Findings We studied whether the rs4804803 SNP was associated with a susceptibility to dengue fever (DF) and/or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) through genotyping analysis in a Taiwanese cohort. We generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) from individuals with AA or AG genotype of rs4804803 to study the viral replication and immune responses for functional validation. A total of 574 DNA samples were genotyped, including 176 DF, 135 DHF, 143 other non-dengue febrile illnesses (OFI) and 120 population controls. A strong association between GG/AG genotypes of rs4804803 and risk of DHF was found when compared among DF, OFI and controls (p = 0.004, 3×10−5 and 0.001, respectively). The AA genotype was associated with protection against dengue infection compared with OFI and controls (p = 0.002 and 0.020, respectively). Moreover, MDDCs from individuals with AG genotype with a higher cell surface DC-SIGN expression had a significantly higher TNFα, IL-12p40, and IP-10 production than those with AA genotype in response to dengue infection. However, the viral replication in MDDCs with AG genotype was significantly lower than those with AA genotype. With both genotypes, MDDCs revealed an increase in viral replication following the addition of anti-IP-10 neutralizing antibody. Conclusions/Significance The rs4804803 SNP in the CD209 promoter contributed to susceptibility to dengue infection and complication of DHF. This SNP with AG genotype affects the cell surface DC-SIGN expression related to immune augmentation and less viral replication.
Infection and inflammation-induced proatherogenic changes of lipoproteins.

Epidemiologic studies suggest a link between infection/inflammation and atherosclerosis. During the acute-phase response to infection and inflammation, cytokines induce tissue and plasma events that lead to changes in lipoprotein. Many of these changes are similar to those proposed to promote atherogenesis. The changes of lipoproteins during infection and inflammation are reviewed with a focus on those that are potentially proatherogenic. Hypertriglyceridemia, elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the appearance of small dense low-density lipoproteins, increased platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity, and secretory phospholipase A(2), sphingolipid-enriched lipoproteins, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are changes that could promote atherogenesis. Moreover, alterations of proteins associated with HDL metabolism (e.g., paraoxonase, apolipoprotein A-I, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesterol ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, phospholipid transfer protein, and serum amyloid A) could decrease the ability of HDL to protect against atherogenesis through antioxidation and reverse cholesterol transport mechanisms. These proatherogenic changes of lipoproteins may contribute to the link between infection/inflammation and atherosclerosis.
ifferential expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF ) mRNA isoforms in androgen-sensitive motoneurons of the rat lumbar pinal cord

Castration of adult male rats causes dendrites of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) to retract. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in mediating these androgenic effects on SNB dendrites. We previously found that castration decreases BDNF mRNA in SNB somata and BDNF protein in proximal SNB dendrites, effects not observed in nearby retrodorsolateral (RDLN) motoneurons. Given that different 5′ non-coding exons of BDNF dictate specific subcellular targeting of BDNF mRNA, we set out to identify the specific BDNF transcripts regulated by androgens in SNB motoneurons. We used in situ hybridization to monitor the expression pattern of BDNF transcripts containing non-coding exons I, II, IV, and VI in SNB and RDLN motoneurons in gonadally intact and castrated male rats. While androgen-insensitive RDLN motoneurons expressed all four isoforms, SNB motoneurons otoneurons imorphic contained low levels of BDNF exon IV and little, if any, BDNF exon I. Expression of BDNF isoforms containing exon II and VI was comparable in the two groups of motoneurons. Two weeks after castration, BDNF isoforms containing exon VI were significantly decreased in SNB motoneurons in an androgen-dependent manner, but unaffected in RDLN motoneurons. Because exon VI promotes dendritic localization of BDNF mRNA in other systems, androgens may regulate the dendrites of SNB motoneurons by altering expresreby ructu sion of BDNF isoforms, the signaling and dendritic st