Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internationalization of an Indigenous Anticolonial Cultural Critique of Research Methodologies: A Guide to Indigenist Research Methodology and Its Principles

Indigenous Australians, like First Nations Peoples around the globe, are arguably the most studied people of the world. The research enterprise as a vehicle for investigation has poked, prodded, measured, tested, and compared data toward understanding Indigenous cultures and human nature. Explorers, medical practitioners, intellectuals, travelers, and voyeurs who observed from a distance have all played a role in the scientific scrutiny of Indigenous peoples. Indeed, it is the research by such people and their institutions that have been responsible for the extraction, storage, and control over Indigenous knowledges. Moreover, "it is the acquisition of Indigenous knowledges and the ensuing ownership of that knowledge which are > the foundations upon which many academic qualifications and careers ' have been achieved" (Brady, 105; see also Williams and Stewart). 0 It is little wonder that the world's Indigenous communities are apprehensive and cautious toward research "ontologies (assumptions v about the nature of reality), epistemologies (the ways of knowing that 109 reality) and axiologies (the disputational contours of right and wrong a or morality and values)" (Scheurich and Young, 6). This is not to say that Indigenous people reject outright research and its various methodological practices. Indeed some research and methodologies have benefited the emancipation of Indigenous communities. However, Indigenous people now want research and its designs to contribute to the
Cortical Correlates of the Auditory Frequency-Following and Onset Responses: EEG and fMRI Evidence

The frequency-following response (FFR) is a measure of the brain's periodic sound encoding. It is of increasing importance for studying the human auditory nervous system due to numerous associations with auditory cognition and dysfunction. Although the FFR is widely interpreted as originating from brainstem nuclei, a recent study using MEG suggested that there is also a right-lateralized contribution from the auditory cortex at the fundamental frequency (Coffey et al., 2016b). Our objectives in the present work were to validate and better localize this result using a completely different neuroimaging modality and to document the relationships between the FFR, the onset response, and cortical activity. Using a combination of EEG, fMRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging, we show that activity in the right auditory cortex is related to individual differences in FFR–fundamental frequency (f0) strength, a finding that was replicated with two independent stimulus sets, with and without acoustic energy at the fundamental frequency. We demonstrate a dissociation between this FFR–f0-sensitive response in the right and an area in left auditory cortex that is sensitive to individual differences in the timing of initial response to sound onset. Relationships to timing and their lateralization are supported by parallels in the microstructure of the underlying white matter, implicating a mechanism involving neural conduction efficiency. These data confirm that the FFR has a cortical contribution and suggest ways in which auditory neuroscience may be advanced by connecting early sound representation to measures of higher-level sound processing and cognitive function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The frequency-following response (FFR) is an EEG signal that is used to explore how the auditory system encodes temporal regularities in sound and is related to differences in auditory function between individuals. It is known that brainstem nuclei contribute to the FFR, but recent findings of an additional cortical source are more controversial. Here, we use fMRI to validate and extend the prediction from MEG data of a right auditory cortex contribution to the FFR. We also demonstrate a dissociation between FFR–related cortical activity from that related to the latency of the response to sound onset, which is found in left auditory cortex. The findings provide a clearer picture of cortical processes for analysis of sound features.
Privileged Access by Irrelevant Speech to Short-term Memory: The Role of Changing State

Memory for visually presented items is impaired by speech that is played as an irrelevant background. The paper presents the view that changing state of the auditory material is an important prerequisite for this disruption. Four experiments studied the effects of sounds varying in complexity in an attempt to establish which features of changing state in the auditory signal lead to diminished recall. Simple unvarying or repetitive speech sounds were not sufficient to induce the irrelevant speech effect (Experiment 1): in addition, simple analogues of speech, possessing regular or irregular envelopes and using a range of carriers, failed to imitate the action of speech (Experiment 2). Variability of between-utterance phonology in the irrelevant stream (Experiment 3) emerged as a crucial factor. Moreover, predictability of the syllable sequence did not reduce the degree of disruption (Experiment 4) suggesting that supra-syllabic characteristics of the speech are of little importance. The results broadly support the idea that disruption of short-term memory only occurs when the speech stream changes in state. It is argued that disruption occurs in memory when cues to serial order based on phonological representations of heard material interfere with the phonological codes of visual origin. It is suggested that cues to changing state of the speech input contaminate those associated with items of visual origin, which are already in a phonological store.
Formulation and evaluation of stimuli-sensitive hydrogels of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma

Background: Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional, polymeric network structure capable of imbibing large amounts of water or biological fluids on stimulation, such as pH, temperature, and ionic change. Owing to the drawback of conventional therapy for ocular delivery, and to provide additive effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, stimuli sensitive hydrogel membranes containing a combination of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate were formulated for the treatment of glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Stimuli-sensitive hydrogel were formulated by timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate. Poly acrylic acid (carbopol C 934p) is used as a gelling agent, hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose as viscolizer, sodium chloride as tonicity agent. Bezalkonium chloride as preservative. White rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2 and 3 kg were used for the study. Stirring of ingredients in pH 4 phosphate buffers at high speed was carried out. Result: Viscosity of the prepared hydrogels lies in the optimum range that is, 25-55 cps. Infrared spectroscopy studies show that there is no interaction between the drug and polymer. Drug released up to 90% at the end of 8 h. The hydrogel membranes were found to be sterile, nonirritant to the eye. Marketed formulation showed a decrease in IOP up to 14 mmHg at the end of 5 h and then elimination of drug, F2 and F6 maintain the sustained effect up to 12 h. Conclusion: Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels was successfully formulated and evaluated for rheological studies, drug release studies, drug interaction studies, sterility studies, ocular irritation studies, and in vivo studies. IOP lowering activity of the combination of timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate in stimuli-sensitive hydrogel was better when compared with alone medication, which shows the additive effect of combination medication.
Altered Central Nervous System Gene Expression Caused by Congenitally Acquired Persistent Infection with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

ABSTRACT Neonatal infection of most mouse strains with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) leads to a life-long persistent infection characterized by high virus loads in the central nervous system (CNS) in the absence of inflammation and tissue destruction. These mice, however, exhibit impaired learning and memory. The occurrence of cognitive defects in the absence of overt CNS pathology led us to the hypothesis that chronic virus infection may contribute to neuronal dysfunction by altering the host's gene expression profile. To test this hypothesis, we examined the impact of LCMV persistence on host gene expression in the CNS. To model the natural route of human congenital CNS infection observed with a variety of viruses, we established a persistently infected mouse colony where the virus was maintained via vertical transmission from infected mothers to offspring (LCMV-cgPi). LCMV-cgPi mice exhibited a lifelong persistent infection involving the CNS; the infection was associated with impaired spatial-temporal learning. Despite high viral loads in neurons of the brains of adult LCMV-cgPi mice, we detected changes in the host's CNS gene expression for only 75 genes, 56 and 19 being significantly induced and reduced, respectively. The majority of the genes induced in the brain of LCMV-cgPi mice were interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and included the transcription factors STAT1 and IRF9, the ISG15 protease UBP43, and the glucocorticoid attenuated-response genes GARG16 and GARG49. Based on their crucial role in antiviral defense, these ISGs may play an important role in limiting viral spread and replication. However, since IFNs have also been implicated in adverse effects on neuronal function, the chronic induction of some ISGs may also contribute to the observed cognitive impairment.
Ki-67 expression in pulmonary tumors-reply.

First of all, we would like to congratulate Professor Chirieac for his excellent discussion on proliferation assessment in lung tumors. Taken together, he concludes that assessment of proliferation is important for the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prediction of brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors but is subjective, has a poor reproducibility, and is depended on laboratory techniques—which is more or less in line with our opinion as well as our own data (1-4).
Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Dietary Fat on the Concentrations of HDL Subpopulations in African Green Monkeys

The effect of the type of dietary fat on the concentrations and compositions of high density llpoproteln (HDL) subpopulations was studied In groups of African green monkeys consuming 40% of calories as fat supplied as saturated fat (P/S = 0.3) or polyunsaturated fat (P/S = 2.2) In the presence of either 0.8 mg or 0.03 mg cholesterol/kcal. Plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were lower In polyunsaturated fat-fed animals. The distribution of mass among HDL subtractions was assessed by analytic ultracentrrfugatlon (AnUC), density gradient ultracentrlfugatlon (DGUC), and polyacrylamlde gradient gel electrophoresls (GGE). This made It possible to characterize and quantltate the HDL subpopulations HDL2b, HDL2a, HDL3a, HDL3b and HDL3c (arranged In order of decreasing particle size and decreasing cholesterol content). Polyunsaturated fat-fed animals had lower concentrations of the large, cholesterol-rich subpopulatlon, as well as higher concentrations of Intermediate size HDL z. HDL3. on the high cholesterol diet; HDL3a and HDL3b on the low cholesterol diet). Consistent with the observed fat-related redistribution of HDL mass, the saturated fat-fed monkeys had higher apo A-l/apo A-ll ratios. The larger HDL often contained detectable apo E; however, the concentration of apo E In HDL was low In both saturated and polyunsaturated fat-fed animals. Thus, compared to saturated fat, dietary polyunsaturated fat Induced the formation of smaller size HDL subpopulations and, therefore, an overall lower cholesterol content per particle for plasma HDL.
Effective Instructional Time Use for School Leaders

Scholars have long argued that principals should be instructional leaders, but few studies have empirically linked specific instructional leadership behaviors to school performance. This study examines the associations between leadership behaviors and student achievement gains using a unique data source: in-person, full-day observations of approximately 100 urban principals collected over 3 school years. We find that principals’ time spent broadly on instructional functions does not predict student achievement growth. Aggregating across leadership behaviors, however, masks that some specific instructional investments predict year-to-year gains. In particular, time spent on teacher coaching, evaluation, and developing the school’s educational program predict positive achievement gains. In contrast, time spent on informal classroom walkthroughs negatively predicts student growth, particularly in high schools. Additional survey and interview evidence suggests this negative association may arise because principals often do not use walkthroughs as part of a broader school improvement strategy.
Statistical Analysis of First-Order Bang-Bang Phase-Locked Loops Using Sign-Dependent Random-Walk Theory

Bang-bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs) are inherently nonlinear due to the hard nonlinearity introduced by the binary phase detector (BPD). This paper provides an exact statistical analysis of the steady-state timing jitter in a first-order BBPLL when the reference clock is subject to accumulative jitter. By elaborating on the analogy of viewing a first-order BBPLL as a single-integration delta modulator (DM) in the phase domain, we are able to relate hunting jitter and slew-rate limiting in a BBPLL to granular noise and slope overload in a DM. The stochastic timing-jitter behavior is modeled as a sign-dependent random walk, for which we obtain the asymptotic characteristic function and analytical expressions for the first four cumulants. These expressions are applied to the BBPLL to statistically analyze the static timing offset and the rms timing jitter, including the effect of a frequency offset. The analysis shows that the rms timing jitter is constant for small rms clock jitter and grows quadratically with large rms clock jitter, and that there exists an optimal bang-bang phase step for minimum rms timing jitter. Computing the kurtosis reveals the effect of the BPD nonlinearity: The timing jitter is largely non-Gaussian.
Section 2: The Importance of Improving Function in Patients With Pain

When evaluating pain in the rheumatic diseases, assessment of adequate therapy has expanded from purely biochemical measures and joint counts to determining the degree of function. Because pain is an important predictor of function, instruments have been developed that attempt to measure how disease and pain affect parameters such as activities of daily living, quality of life, ability to work, and emotional well-being. Some measures, such as visual analogue scales, measure only the intensity of pain; multidimensional scales assess a variety of factors related to the patient's overall ability to function. The Short Form-36 measures the impact of disease on overall quality of life; adaptations have been made to some specific diseases. The Health Assessment Questionnaire was one of the first multidimensional questionnaires developed for rheumatic diseases, and this has been further refined for rheumatoid arthritis with the Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire.
Penguasaan kemahiran insaniah pelajar dalam penglibatan aktiviti kokurikulum badan beruniform di UTHM

Kemahiran Insaniah (KI) pelajar IPT meliputi tujuh elemen iaitu kemahiran berkomunikasi, kemahiran kerja berpasukan, pemikiran kritis dan kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah, kemahiran pembelajaran berterusan dan teknologi maklumat, kemahiran etika moral, kemahiran keusahawanan, dan juga kemahiran kepimpinan. Tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap penguasaan kemahiran insaniah dalam penglibatan aktiviti kokurikulum badan beruniform berdasarkan kepada persepsi pelajar UTHM dan juga persepsi jurulatih. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti kedudukan elemen kemahiran insaniah dalam kalangan pelajar berdasarkan persepsi pelajar dan persepsi jurulatih dan seterusnya mengenal pasti sama ada wujud perbezaan yang signifikan persepsi pelajar terhadap penguasaan kemahiran insaniah berdasarkan jantina. Seramai 285 orang pelajar dan 32 orang jurulatih di badan-badan beruniform UTHM telah terpilih untuk menjadi responden kajian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah berbentuk soal selidik dengan nilai Alpha (α) bagi set pelajar adalah 0.96 dan set jurulatih adalah 0.93. Seterusnya, data kajian sebenar yang telah dirumuskan dalam bentuk deskriptif iaitu kekerapan, peratusan, min dan statistik inferens iaitu Ujian-t tidak bersandar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap penguasaan kemahiran insaniah pelajar adalah berada pada tahap tinggi. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan tidak wujud perbezaan yang signifikan (0.622 > 0.05) persepsi pelajar terhadap tahap penguasaan kemahiran insaniah melalui penglibatan aktiviti badan beruniform berdasarkan jantina. Keseluruhan dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penguasaan kemahiran insaniah pelajar berada pada tahap yang tinggi untuk kesemua elemen kemahiran insaniah. Adalah diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dan beberapa cadangan yang telah dikemukan bagi kajian lanjutan dalam meningkatkan kualiti graduan pada masa akan datang.
A Comparison Study of Low Trauma Disclosure Participants and Their Partners in Army Couples

ABSTRACT Intimate partner relationships provide unique conditions for examining how the interpersonal and/or systemic impact of trauma exposure and post-trauma responses can impact both the primary and secondary trauma survivors and the interpersonal dynamics of the couple. The current study explored qualitative and quantitative data from low trauma disclosure individuals (n = 15) and their partners to understand the experiences of low trauma disclosure to spouses in a sample of Army couples. Contrary to the original hypothesis, the results indicated mixed trauma disclosure partners seemed to be functioning at lower individual and relationship functioning levels than the low or high trauma disclosure partners. Implications for practice and future research also are described.
Vibration of beads placed on the basilar membrane in the basal turn of the cochlea.

Interferometric recordings of sound-evoked vibrations in the basal turn and hook regions of the guinea-pig cochlea are used to show that reflective microbeads (i) follow the motion of the structures on which they are placed, and (ii) do not affect this motion dramatically. Extrapolating these findings to other types of reflective or radioactive material lends support to the findings of numerous studies of cochlear mechanics.
Effects of Vitamin D3 and Paricalcitol on Immature Cardiomyocytes: A Novel Role for Vitamin D Analogs in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease than in the general population and they are considered the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease. The discovery that vitamin D3 plays a considerable role in cardiovascular protection has led, in recent years, to an increase in the administration of therapies based on the use of this molecule; nevertheless, several studies warned that an excess of vitamin D3 may increase the risk of hypercalcemia and vascular calcifications. In this study we evaluated the effects of vitamin D3, and of its selective analog paricalcitol, on immature cardiomyocytes. Results show that vitamin D3 induces cAMP-mediated cell proliferation and significant intracellular calcification. Paricalcitol, however, induces cell differentiation, morphological modifications in cell shape and size, and no intracellular calcification. Furthermore, vitamin D3 and paricalcitol differently affect cardiomyoblasts responses to acetylcholine treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the effects of vitamin D3 and paricalcitol on cardiomyoblasts are different and, if these in vitro observations could be extrapolated in vivo, they suggest that paricalcitol has the potential for cardiovascular protection without the risk of inducing intracellular calcification.
Bacterial vaginosis in relation to menstrual cycle, menstrual protection method, and sexual intercourse in rural Gambian women

Objective: To examine the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) over the menstrual cycle and in relation to menstrual protection materials and sexual intercourse in a rural African setting. Methods: Married, regularly menstruating female volunteers were asked to collect self administered swabs on alternate days through four menstrual cycles. BV was assessed using Nugent scores. Menstruation and reported sexual intercourse data were recorded contemporaneously. A crossover design comparing traditional and modern menstrual protection methods was incorporated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations with BV. Results: 30 women completed four menstrual cycles in the study. Completeness and validity of data from the self administered swabs was high. Greater frequencies of BV were found for all women in the second week of the menstrual cycle relative to days 14+, and markedly higher frequencies of BV were found in the first week in women with infrequent BV. BV was (non-significantly) more frequent when modern pads were used compared with traditional cloths. No association was found between BV and intercourse reported in the previous 4 days; or between the frequency of reported intercourse in one menstrual cycle and BV in either the same menstrual cycle or the next. Conclusions: Similar transient fluctuations over the menstrual cycle were found to those in industrialised countries. We found no evidence that sexual intercourse was associated with increased frequency of BV. Our data do not support hypotheses that menstrual hygiene materials might explain the high prevalences of BV found in sub-Saharan Africa compared to industrialised countries.
Pin1‐mediated Runx2 modification is critical for skeletal development

Runx2 is the master transcription factor for bone formation. Haploinsufficiency of RUNX2 is the genetic cause of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) that is characterized by hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels. In this study, we found that Pin1, peptidyl prolyl cis–trans isomerase, is a critical regulator of Runx2 in vivo and in vitro. Pin1 mutant mice developed CCD‐like phenotypes with hypoplastic clavicles and open fontanels as found in the Runx2+/− mice. In addition Runx2 protein level was significantly reduced in Pin1 mutant mice. Moreover Pin1 directly interacts with the Runx2 protein in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner and subsequently stabilizes Runx2 protein. In the absence of Pin1, Runx2 is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin‐dependent protein degradation pathway. However, Pin1 overexpression strongly attenuated uniquitin‐dependent Runx2 degradation. Collectively conformational change of Runx2 by Pin1 is essential for its protein stability and possibly enhances the level of active Runx2 in vivo. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2377–2385, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allergenicity of major cow's milk and peanut proteins determined by IgE and IgG immunoblotting

Background: Specific IgG antibodies are frequently observed in food‐allergic patients. However, the allergen‐fraction specificity of IgG antibodies in relation to IgE antibodies is not well defined. Our aim was to determine the IgE and IgG antibody profile to major cow's milk and peanut antigen fractions in food‐allergic patients and tolerant individuals.