Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science with the Murchison Widefield Array

Abstract Significant new opportunities for astrophysics and cosmology have been identified at low radio frequencies. The Murchison Widefield Array is the first telescope in the southern hemisphere designed specifically to explore the low-frequency astronomical sky between 80 and 300 MHz with arcminute angular resolution and high survey efficiency. The telescope will enable new advances along four key science themes, including searching for redshifted 21-cm emission from the EoR in the early Universe; Galactic and extragalactic all-sky southern hemisphere surveys; time-domain astrophysics; and solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric science and space weather. The Murchison Widefield Array is located in Western Australia at the site of the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-band telescope and is the only low-frequency SKA precursor facility. In this paper, we review the performance properties of the Murchison Widefield Array and describe its primary scientific objectives.
Asymptotic Least Squares Estimators for Dynamic Games

This paper considers the estimation problem in dynamic games with finite actions. We derive the equation system that characterizes the Markovian equilibria. The equilibrium equation system enables us to characterize conditions for identification. We consider a class of asymptotic least squares estimators defined by the equilibrium conditions. This class provides a unified framework for a number of wellknown estimators including those by Hotz and Miller (1993) and by Aguirregabiria and Mira (2002). We show that these estimators differ in the weight they assign to individual equilibrium conditions. We derive the efficient weight matrix. A Monte Carlo study illustrates the small sample performance and computational feasibility of alternative estimators. This paper builds on a well-received literature for static single-agent discrete choice models (McFadden, 1978) and their extension to Markov decision problems in Rust (1987), Hotz and Miller (1993), and Aguirregabiria and Mira (2002) among others. We consider extensions of the single-agent setting to multiple players. The starting point of this paper is an equation system that provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a Markovian equilibrium. This set of equilibrium conditions enables us to illustrate conditions for identification. Based on these equilibrium conditions, we define a class of asymptotic least squares estimators. They are two-step estimators. In the first step, consistent estimates of the auxiliary choice and transition probabilities are obtained. In the second step, the parameters of interest are inferred by using the set of equations, characterizing the equilibrium choice probabilities. The contribution of this paper is threefold: first, we suggest a unifying framework for the estimation of dynamic games with finite actions based on an equilibrium equation system. Static models with strategic interaction as well as single-agent static and dynamic discrete choice models arise as special cases within the proposed framework. We show that a number of recently proposed estimators for dynamic models are asymptotic least squares estimators defined by the set of equilibrium conditions. The estimators differ in the weights they assign to individual equilibrium conditions. All estimators in the class are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. They include the method of moments estimator, introduced by Hotz and Miller (1993), the pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator by Aguirregabiria and Mira (2002), and estimators for dynamic games recently considered in Aguirregabiria and Mira (2007), Pakes, Ostrovsky and Berry (2007), and in Bajari, Benkard and Levin (2007). We illustrate the associated weight matrices for these estimators.
MINIMAL MEDIA FOR QUANTITATIVE STUDIES WITH BACILLUS SUBTILIS

The tremendous advances in our knowledge of bacterial genetics made during the past 15 years have been the result of experiments on a small number of species, most of which are fairly closely related. At present, several laboratories are attempting to extend such phenomena as genetic recombination, transformation, and transduction to other genera. The limiting factor in such programs will probably be one of technique involving, for example, the formulation of chemically defined minimal agar media which will allow each cell plated to form a visible colony. Using Bacillus subtilis, we have found that previously described "minimal" media do not satisfy this requirement. The present paper describes the development of truly minimal media which allow maximal colony formation by spores and vegetative cells of this organism, as determined on nutrient agar.
Implementation of neuro-fuzzy based portable thermographic system for detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Thermography depends upon the infrared thermograms which records temperature variations in desired region of interest. Thermal imaging or thermography is one of the alternative to the existing diagnosis methods for analyzing human body dysfunctions. Thermography provides information about temperature variations in human skin of different body parts. Inflammation in any part of human body causes temperature changes at surrounding area, thermography can be used as a tool for monitoring dysfunctions. But some limitations and disadvantages are still present when thermography is used in bio-medical applications, so the accuracy of thermographic system need to be improved to make it a powerful diagnosis tool. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune disease that attacks healthy tissues of joints of fingers, wrist, shoulders and feet, causing pain and inflammation over these areas. Modern computer technology can be used for developing a system for auto analysis and diagnosis of RA using Artificial Neural Network. In this paper a Windows CE based portable intelligent system on Friendly ARM Mini 2440 has been implemented for detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis with the aid of fuzzy c-means segmentation algorithm and artificial neural network.
Hybrid modeling and analysis method for dynamic coupling of space robots

Resolving linear and angular momentum conservation equations in different ways, a hybrid method was proposed to model and analyze the dynamic coupling of a space robotic system. This method dealt with the coupling problems for the base's centroid position at the position level and attitude at the velocity level. Based on the base centroid virtual manipulator concept, the coupled space was addressed to represent the base's centroid position coupling. For different cases, the reachable coupled space, attitude-constrained coupled space, and free coupled space were defined. However, the coupling for the base's velocities was decomposed into joint-to-base rotation, joint-to-base translation, end-to-base rotation, and end-to-base translation coupling types. The dependence of the rotation and translation coupling was revealed, and the coupling factors were determined to measure the coupling degree. Then, the coupling effect for different loads, installation positions, and joint configurations was analyzed. Coupled maps were established to plan the trajectory for minimizing disturbance. Compared with previous works, dynamic coupling at the position level avoids the singularity problem for solving differential equations; at the velocity level, each type of coupling motion was separately modeled and analyzed for different requirements. The proposed method is useful for practical applications, such as designing a new manipulator or using an existing robotic system.
Effectiveness of school-based dental sealant programs among children from low-income backgrounds in France: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of a school-based dental sealant (SBDS) program for French children from low-income backgrounds. The secondary objectives were to determine the effectiveness of the program according to the baseline individual caries risk (ICR) and to assess the sealant retention. METHODS The study included 276 pupils from Nice. The sealing was performed in the first or second grades. The permanent first molars were randomized into two groups: one received resin-based sealant and the other no treatment. Active caries on permanent and temporary teeth, visible plaque, Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus counts were recorded at baseline to assess ICR. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed based on the occurrence of new caries at 1 year of follow-up (study outcome). Univariate and multivariable conditional tooth-matched logistic regression analyses (Proc phreg; SAS) were used to assess the effectiveness of the SBDS program. RESULTS At 1 year of follow-up, 253 children (421 pairs) remained in the analysis. In the adjusted analysis, first permanent molars that received sealants were less at risk of developing new caries at 1 year of follow-up compared with those from the control group (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49). Independently of the treatment, SM count, and all other covariates, only the variable 'active caries at baseline' remained related to new caries on first molars at 1 year (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.27-7.62). The effect of the sealants was significant only when the analyses included subjects with active caries (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.50) or with a high SM count (>10(5) , OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10-0.41) at baseline. At the 1-year follow-up, total retention was recorded in 52.7% (n = 222) of the treated teeth. CONCLUSION The 1-year effectiveness of the SBDS program was demonstrated in low socio-economic areas. Selection of schoolchildren according to individual caries risk factors should be considered in a SBDS program.
Primary salivary gland lymphoma among Japanese: A clinicopathological study of 30 cases

To clarify the clinicopathological findings of primary salivary gland lymphoma as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 30 Japanese patients with this disease were studied. The male to female ratio was 1:1.7 and median patient age was 57 years. The parotid gland (n = 22) was involved most frequently, followed by the submandibular gland (n = 5) and minor salivary gland (n = 3). Twenty-four (80%) cases demonstrated Stage IE, whereas only six (20%) had Stage IIE-1. None of the 30 cases had “B” symptoms or a poor performance status. The 5-year overall survival of 31 cases was 96% and 5-year failure-free survival was 77%. Histologically, 15 cases were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, seven were follicular lymphoma (FL), and six were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) + MALT lymphoma and only two were DLBCL without a MALT lymphoma component. MALT lymphoma is the most frequent type of primary salivary gland lymphoma. However, FL comprised 20% of primary salivary gland lymphoma. The majority of the primary salivary gland DLBCL appear to arise from MALT type lymphoma. When appropriate therapy for histologic subtype is used, outcome of the primary salivary gland B-cell lymphoma appears excellent whether histologically indolent or aggressive.
Prevalence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in India: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose There is considerable variation in prevalence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reported by various studies from India. We performed a systematic review and literature-based meta-analysis of these studies. Methods We searched databases of Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies that reported on the prevalence of TNBC in India that were published between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015. We extracted relevant information from each study by using a standardized form. We pooled study-specific estimates by using random-effects meta-analysis to provide summary estimates. We explored sources of heterogeneity by using subgroup analyses and metaregression. Results Data were obtained from 17 studies that involved 7,237 patients with breast cancer. Overall combined prevalence of TNBC was 31% (95% CI, 27% to 35%). There was substantial heterogeneity across the studies (I2 of 91% [95% CI, 88% to 94%]; P < .001) that was not explained by available study level characteristics, including study location, definition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or estrogen receptor, mean age of participants, proportion of patients with premenopausal cancer, grade 3 disease, or tumor size > 5 cm. Overall combined prevalence of hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer was 48% (95% CI, 42% to 54%) and 27% (95% CI, 24% to 31%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Prevalence of TNBC in India is considerably higher compared with that seen in Western populations. As many as as one in three women with breast cancer could have triple-negative disease. This finding has significant clinical relevance as it may contribute to poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer in India. Additional research is needed to understand the determinants of TNBC in India.
Depression and memory in the elderly: a meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis (N = 40) of the effects of depression on memory in the elderly (sample mean age > or = 55 years) examined variables potentially accounting for divergent findings in the literature. The distribution of effects was bimodal and the effect sizes were heterogeneous. Compared to controls, groups containing unipolar subjects only were significantly less impaired than were mixed unipolar-bipolar; five of six studies mixing depression subtype were associated with the more negative mode. Samples containing younger depressed subjects (< 45 years) were significantly more impaired and were associated with the more negative mode. Significant group differences were found between studies matching their comparison groups reasonably well on years of education and those that did not. Thoroughness of dementia screening yielded no group differences. Although correlated observations precluded significance tests, larger effects were found for (1) figural (vs. verbal) memory; (2) delayed (vs. immediate) memory; and (3) recognition (vs. free recall and incidental or cued recall; incidental and cued recall effects were nearly identical). Similar effects were found for composite memory scores versus constituent and for various presentation paradigms (e.g., single presentation, selective reminding). Effect sizes for these categories were in the moderate range. Difficulties synthesizing this literature are discussed as are suggested remedies and directions for future research.
Age, Sex, and Telomere Dynamics in a Long-Lived Seabird with Male-Biased Parental Care

The examination of telomere dynamics is a recent technique in ecology for assessing physiological state and age-related traits from individuals of unknown age. Telomeres shorten with age in most species and are expected to reflect physiological state, reproductive investment, and chronological age. Loss of telomere length is used as an indicator of biological aging, as this detrimental deterioration is associated with lowered survival. Lifespan dimorphism and more rapid senescence in the larger, shorter-lived sex are predicted in species with sexual size dimorphism, however, little is known about the effects of behavioral dimorphism on senescence and life history traits in species with sexual monomorphism. Here we compare telomere dynamics of thick-billed murres ( Uria lomvia ), a species with male-biased parental care, in two ways: 1) cross-sectionally in birds of known-age (0-28 years) from one colony and 2) longitudinally in birds from four colonies. Telomere dynamics are compared using three measures: the telomere restriction fragment (TRF), a lower window of TRF (TOE), and qPCR. All showed age-related shortening of telomeres, but the TRF measure also indicated that adult female murres have shorter telomere length than adult males, consistent with sex-specific patterns of ageing. Adult males had longer telomeres than adult females on all colonies examined, but chick telomere length did not differ by sex. Additionally, inter-annual telomere changes may be related to environmental conditions; birds from a potentially low quality colony lost telomeres, while those at more hospitable colonies maintained telomere length. We conclude that sex-specific patterns of telomere loss exist in the sexually monomorphic thick-billed murre but are likely to occur between fledging and recruitment. Longer telomeres in males may be related to their homogamous sex chromosomes (ZZ) or to selection for longer life in the care-giving sex. Environmental conditions appeared to be the primary drivers of annual changes in adult birds.
Validation of VITEK 2 Version 4.01 Software for Detection, Identification, and Classification of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci

ABSTRACT We evaluated the ability of the new VITEK 2 version 4.01 software to identify and detect glycopeptide-resistant enterococci compared to that of the reference broth microdilution method and to classify them into the vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genotypes. Moreover, the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing with agents with improved potencies against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci was determined. A total of 121 enterococci were investigated. The new VITEK 2 software was able to identify 114 (94.2%) enterococcal strains correctly to the species level and to classify 119 (98.3%) enterococci correctly to the glycopeptide resistance genotype level. One Enterococcus casseliflavus strain and six Enterococcus faecium vanA strains with low-level resistance to vancomycin were identified with low discrimination, requiring additional tests. One of the vanA strains was misclassified as the vanB type, and one glycopeptide-susceptible E. facium wild type was misclassified as the vanA type. The overall essential agreements for antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were 94.2% for vancomycin, 95.9% for teicoplanin, 100% for quinupristin-dalfopristin and moxifloxacin, and 97.5% for linezolid. The rates of minor errors were 9% for teicoplanin and 5% for the other antibiotic agents. The identification and susceptibility data were produced within 4 h to 6 h 30 min and 8 h 15 min to 12 h 15 min. In conclusion, use of VITEK 2 version 4.01 software appears to be a reliable method for the identification and detection of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci as well as an improvement over the use of the former VITEK 2 database. However, a significant reduction in the detection time would be desirable.
The association between high-activity COMT allele and alcoholism.

OBJECTIVES The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline. The Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene has been previously associated with a variability of the COMT activity, and alcoholism. The aim of the present association study was to examine the relationship between the Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene and dispositions to alcoholism. METHODS In our case control study we analyzed DNA samples from 799 subjects in total (279 male alcoholics and 120 female alcoholics, 151 male controls and 249 female controls). The restriction analysis for the detection of the Val158Met polymorphism was used. RESULTS We found a relationship between the Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene and alcoholism in male subjects. We found the significant difference between male alcoholics and male controls in allele and genotype frequencies (p<0,007; and p<0,04 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the relationship between the COMT polymorphism and alcoholism in the Czech male population.
Risks in New Product Development Developing a Risk Reference Framework

This paper describes the development and applicability of a risk reference framework (RRF) for diagnosing risks in technological breakthrough projects. In contrast to existing risk identification strategies, the RRF centers on an integral perspective on risk (i.e. business, technological and organizational) and the assessment of risks in ongoing projects. The resulting RRF consists of 12 main risk categories and 142 connected critical innovation issues and has been developed for a globally operating company in the fast moving consumer goods industry. It was found that to some extent different project members identified the same risks and that saturation occurred in the number of new risk-issues brought to light. It is concluded that a formal risk-assessment is worthwhile to enhance the success of breakthrough innovation projects.
The hippocampus and adult neurogenesis: A neural circuit with a common role in behavioral flexibility and detailed memory

Work with patient H.M. sparked great interest in the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Later, the findings that new neurons are born in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) and that they become functionally integrated in neural circuits created new excitement in the field of learning and memory. While there is ample evidence that the hippocampus and adult neurogenesis are involved in learning and memory, similar inconsistencies in both areas have clouded interpretations of their precise role. We propose that studying the role of hippocampus and neurogenesis in the DG must be merged into a more cohesive field of study. The neural circuit between the hippocampus and new neurons born in the DG form a network crucial for detailed memories and behavioral flexibility. The immature and highly excitable adult-born principle cells in the DG make up the active population of principle cells in the DG while the more mature cells are relatively silent. The young and excitable adult born cells initially form synapses with other cells. These synapses with cells that have pre-existing synapses may allow for the reinstatement and strengthening of old as well as the ability to acquire new learning in a familiar context. Despite extensive inputs to the DG, the only output of the DG is to the hippocampus. The hippocampus has extensive inputs and outputs with numerous brain regions making it suitable to serve as an index of memory representations. Thus, any information processed in the DG must be sent to the hippocampus which is in turn capable of indexing detailed memory representations and flexible behaviors. Figure 5: immediate early gene activity is increased in cortical regions but not CA1 by incorporating new paired-associates into an existing schema (Tse et al., 2011)……………………. 29 Figure 6: a comparison of radial arm mazes used to measure pattern separation taken from Groves et al. (2013) and Clelland et al. (2009), respectively…………………………………………………. 40 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: a comparison of the impact that hippocampal lesions and manipulations of neurogenesis in the DG on memory……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 1 Section 1