Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical boys and creative girls: the career aspirations of digitally skilled youths

Abstract Digital technology is increasingly central to our lives, particularly among young people. However, there remains a concern from government and businesses of a digital skills gap because many youths, especially girls, tend to be consumers rather than creators of technology. Drawing on 32 semi-structured interviews with digitally skilled teenagers (aged 13–19), this article investigates their digital career aspirations and examines how identities and discourses of gender can interact with the type of digital careers that are of interest to these youths. While it was found that digitally skilled young people still articulate traditional gendered discourses of digital competence, especially around technical abilities, the growing importance of creativity as a career pathway into digital technology is highlighted. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the new computing curriculum in England, which prioritises technical computing skills, and the discontinuation of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), which facilitates a broader usage of software and digital productivity.
The hierarchy of public project governance frameworks: An empirical study of principles and practices in Norwegian ministries and agencies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study public project governance frameworks in various ministries and agencies in Norway, following the introduction of such a framework on the topmost level (i.e. the cabinet) which applies to the very largest projects. Design/methodology/approach The study is methodologically designed as a qualitative assessment of project governance frameworks that apply to state-funded investment projects in selected sectors, based on data gathered through document reviews and interviews. Findings The study finds that all of the agencies have introduced their own project governance frameworks, which are basically consistent with the recommendations from the project management literature and with the cabinet’s overall requirements in Norway. By contrast, only one ministry has taken a formalized role as a project owner. Governance tasks thus seem to be extensively delegated to the subordinate agencies. This even includes strategic tasks such as project selection and portfolio management, and implies there is a risk that public project governance has a narrow and internal focus. Originality/value The paper is a first step toward a better understanding of public project governance as a hierarchical system and the relationship between project owners on three levels, the cabinet, the sectoral ministry, and the government agency.
Increased expression of H19/miR‐675 is associated with a low fat‐free mass index in patients with COPD

Loss of muscle mass and strength is a significant comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that limits their quality of life and has prognostic implications but does not affect everyone equally. To identify mechanisms that may contribute to the susceptibility to a low muscle mass, we investigated microRNA (miRNA) expression, methylation status, and regeneration in quadriceps muscle from COPD patients and the effect of miRNAs on myoblast proliferation in vitro. The relationships of miRNA expression with muscle mass and strength was also determined in a group of healthy older men.
Exploring the Antecedents of Happiness: Reconceptualization of Human Needs with Glasser's Choice Theory

This chapter aims to present a review about the antecedents of happiness by using human needs perspective. The chapter briefly includes the definition of happiness as a scientific matter, definition of the need theories approach for explaining the antecedents of happi - ness, definitions and discussions about the major need theories and reconceptualization of human needs with Glasser’s Choice Theory, and also empirical studies that investigate the relationship between basic needs satisfaction and happiness. It is also thought that the conclusion obtained from this chapter will encourage researchers to investigate the antecedents of happiness with Glasser’s conceptual framework and also invite research ers to study in a new research area with a new conceptual perspective.
The cultural constitution of causal cognition

Does Cognitive Science Need Anthropology? —Diagnosing a troubled relationship Anthropology once was a pioneer in the cognitive revolution and a founding member of the cognitive sciences (D’Andrade, 1995). Over the years, however, its presence and influence have continuously decreased—to the extent that it became the “missing discipline” (Boden, 2006). This alienation is particularly evident at the annual meetings of the Cognitive Science Society in which anthropology is meanwhile mostly absent. At the same time, however, the role of culture is increasingly recognized as of prime relevance for the sciences of human cognition—in at least two different senses: as a source for cognitive diversity and as the context of cognition. Questions of cognitive and/or linguistic universals have been among the most hotly and controversially debated topics in recent years (e.g., Evans & Levinson, 2009; Norenzayan & Heine, 2005; and see Astuti & Bloch, 2010). They are directly related to a central assumption of cognitive science, namely that cognitive processes can be separated from the content processed. This assumption, however, is increasingly contradicted by cross-cultural findings which reveal that content and process may interact in complex ways (e.g., Atran & Medin, 2008; Kitayama & Uskul, 2011). The issue of cognitive diversity cannot be clarified from an armchair perspective, but requires empirical examination, and this must not rely on restricted samples of western university students only, but necessitates cross-cultural and cross-linguistic comparisons (Arnett, 2008; Henrich, Heine & Norenzayan, 2010; Medin, Bennis & Chandler, 2010). Acknowledging and exploring cultural diversity is an inevitable corrective for the sometimes rash generalizations found in cognitive science. Beyond these cultural differences in content and their implications for processing, culture also needs to be considered as shaping the very context in which cognition typically occurs— including, as a distinctive sub-type, psychology labs. This renders culture not just an optional interesting or exotic add-on to cognition, but one of its fundamental dimensions (Cole, 1996; Gatewood, 2011; Hutchins, 1995; Shweder, 1991, 2007). In this interaction of culture and cognition, language plays a specific, dual role: as a cognitive capacity/activity and as an essential part of culture. It is thus not by accident that much of the work perceived as being cognitive anthropology is actually done by ethno-linguists. With questions of cultural and linguistic diversity coming to the fore of attention in the cognitive sciences (Barsalou, 2010; Boster, 1999; Gelfand & Diener, 2010), it might seem only natural to call for anthropology’s expertise in culture and language, and to advocate its re-integration into the cognitive sciences (e. g., Bender, Hutchins & Medin, 2010; Gentner, 2010). Considering The Cultural Constitution of Causal Cognition
Balanced label propagation for partitioning massive graphs

Partitioning graphs at scale is a key challenge for any application that involves distributing a graph across disks, machines, or data centers. Graph partitioning is a very well studied problem with a rich literature, but existing algorithms typically can not scale to billions of edges, or can not provide guarantees about partition sizes. In this work we introduce an efficient algorithm, balanced label propagation, for precisely partitioning massive graphs while greedily maximizing edge locality, the number of edges that are assigned to the same shard of a partition. By combining the computational efficiency of label propagation --- where nodes are iteratively relabeled to the same 'label' as the plurality of their graph neighbors --- with the guarantees of constrained optimization --- guiding the propagation by a linear program constraining the partition sizes --- our algorithm makes it practically possible to partition graphs with billions of edges. Our algorithm is motivated by the challenge of performing graph predictions in a distributed system. Because this requires assigning each node in a graph to a physical machine with memory limitations, it is critically necessary to ensure the resulting partition shards do not overload any single machine. We evaluate our algorithm for its partitioning performance on the Facebook social graph, and also study its performance when partitioning Facebook's 'People You May Know' service (PYMK), the distributed system responsible for the feature extraction and ranking of the friends-of-friends of all active Facebook users. In a live deployment, we observed average query times and average network traffic levels that were 50.5% and 37.1% (respectively) when compared to the previous naive random sharding.
The SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey - III. Dust along the Hubble sequence

We present new results from the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) Local Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS), the first large systematic submillimetre (submm) survey of the local Universe. Since our initial survey of a sample of 104 IRAS-selected galaxies we have now completed a survey of a sample of 81 optically selected galaxies, observed with the SCUBA camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Since SCUBA is sensitive to the 90 per cent of dust too cold to radiate significantly in the IRAS bands our new sample represents the first unbiased SCUBA survey of dust in galaxies along the whole length of the Hubble sequence. We find little change in the properties of dust in galaxies along the Hubble sequence, except a marginally significant trend for early-type galaxies to be less-luminous submm sources than late types. We nevertheless detected six out of 11 elliptical galaxies, although some of the emission may possibly be synchrotron rather than dust emission. As in our earlier work on IRAS galaxies we find that the IRAS and submm fluxes are well fitted by a two-component dust model with dust emissivity index ? = 2. The major difference from our earlier work is that we find the ratio of the mass of cold dust to the mass of warm dust is much higher for our optically selected galaxies and can reach values of ? 1000. Comparison of the results for the IRAS and optically selected samples shows that there is a population of galaxies containing a large proportion of cold dust that is unrepresented in the IRAS sample. We derive local submm luminosity and dust mass functions, both directly from our optically selected SLUGS sample, and by extrapolation from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue Redshift Survey (PSCz) survey using the method of Serjeant and Harrison (by extrapolating the spectral energy distributions of the IRAS PSCz survey galaxies out to 850 ? m we probe a wider range of luminosities than probed directly by the SLUGS samples), and find excellent agreement between the two. We find them to be well fitted by Schechter functions except at the highest luminosities. We find that as a consequence of the omission of cold galaxies from the IRAS sample the luminosity function presented in our earlier work is too low by a factor of 2, reducing the amount of cosmic evolution required between the low-z and high-z Universe.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results from a Single Center, 1993-2011

Background: For adult ALL patients, the indications and appropriate timing of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) continue to be debated. The primary aim of this single-institution study was to compare the results of our adult ALL patients that had been allografted with those reported in the current literature. Subjects and Methods: This study included 53 consecutive adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) with myeloablative (92%) and reduced-intensity (8%) conditioning between 1993 and 2011. Results: Mean patient age was 27 years (SD:8.62) and donor age was 33.7 years (SD:9.47). Fourteen patients were in first remission; 21 in ≥2nd remission, 15 in relapse and 3 had primary refractory leukemia. Thirty-four, 15 and 4 patients received busulfan plus cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation and fludarabine-based regimens, respectively. For graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, cyclosporine plus methotrexate were used. Forty-six donors were related and 7 were unrelated. Thirty patients received granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood and 23 received bone marrow as stem cell source. Twenty-six patients relapsed at a mean duration of 11.3 months (SD:19.1). Forty-four patients succumbed to their disease after a mean follow-up of 13.6 months (SD:19.5). The cause of mortality was relapse (n=24; 54.5%) and transplant-related etiologies (n=20; 45.5%). The estimated five year probabilities of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 37% and 12%, respectively. Conclusion: By multivariate analyses, transplantation in first remission was the most important predictor of transplant success.
The Neural Correlates of Grammatical Gender: An fMRI Investigation

In an fMRI experiment, subjects saw a written noun and made three distinct decisions in separate sessions: Is its grammatical gender masculine or feminine (grammatical feature task)? Is it an animal or an artifact (semantic task)? Does it contain a /tch/ or a /k/ sound (phonological task)? Relative to the other experimental conditions, the grammatical feature task activated areas of the left middle and inferior frontal gyrus and of the left middle and inferior temporal gyrus. These activations fit in well with neuropsychological studies that document the correlation between left frontal lesions and damage to morphological processes in agrammatism, and the correlation between left temporal lesions and failure to access lexical representations in anomia. Taken together, these data suggest that grammatical gender is processed in a left fronto-temporal network. In addition, the observation that the grammatical feature task and the phonology task activated neighboring but distinct regions of the left frontal lobe provides a plausible neuroanatomical basis for the systematic occurrence of phonological errors in aphasic subjects with morphological deficits.
Deposited in DRO : 05 January 2012 Version of attached le : Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le

Different patterns of emotional reactivity characte riz proactive and reactive functions of aggressive behavior, and theory also suggests a link of both t ypes with narcissism. Importantly, how people with narcissistic traits respond emotionally to competit ive scenarios could influence their aggressiveness. Participants were 85 adolescent boys from a detenti on center. Several indices of emotional functioning were assessed including attentional bia s to negative emotional stimuli and psychophysiological responding. In addition, we inc luded self-report and laboratory measures of aggression and measures of psychopathy-linked narci ssism, callous-unemotional traits, and impulsivity. Psychopathy-linked narcissism was uniquely related to unprovoked aggression (i.e., proactive aggression) and to heightened attention t o pic ures depicting others’ distress. Compared with those scoring low on narcissism, those high on narcissism who were the least physiologically reactive group evinced greater proactive aggression , whereas those showing a pattern of coactivation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic re a tivity) evinced greater reactive aggression. Results are consistent with descriptions of narciss ist c individuals as being hypervigilant to negativ e cues and exhibiting poor emotion regulation. These characteristics may lead to aggressive and violent behavior aimed at maintaining dominance over others .
Achievements in space robotics

Outer space is an ultimate field for the application of robotics technology. As outer space is a harsh environment with extreme temperatures, vacuum, radiation, gravity, and great distances, human access is very difficult and hazardous and is therefore limited. To assist human activities in space for constructing and maintaining space modules and structures, robotic manipulators have been playing essential roles in orbital operations. Moreover, expanding the horizons of exploration beyond the areas of human access, robots that land and travel on planetary surfaces have been greatly contributing to our knowledge of the solar system. New challenges are expected in the future. This article consists of three parts. In the first part, the achievements of orbital robotics technology in the last decade are reviewed, highlighting the Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VII) and Orbital Express flight demonstrations. In the second part, some of the selected topics of planetary robotics from the field robotics research point of view are described. Recent achievements in the author's laboratory are added as an illustrative example. Finally, technological challenges to asteroid robotics are discussed. When designing a robot to explore the surface of an asteroid, microgravity raises an interesting problem of how to stick and move on the surface. Some ideas to address these questions are introduced.
Impact of Subliminal Activation of Abandonment Schema on the Eating Behavior of Obese and Normal Weight Women: An Experimental Study

Background: Schema focused cognitivebehavioral model proposed that patients with eating disorders (EDs) used bulimic behaviors in order to avoid or suppress negative affects that are triggered by early maladaptive schemas. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare normal weight and obese women in terms of the effect of the activation of abandonment schema. Patients and Methods: This was a 2-stage approach experimental study. In the first, 81 women (41 normal weight and 40 obese) completed the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) and eating attitude test-26 (EAT-26). In the second, 1 week later, all participants were randomly exposed to subliminal abandonment stimuli (experimental group) or subliminal neutral stimuli (control group). The subliminal abandonment stimuli was the word loneliness and the neutral stimuli was the word gallery. Each word was presented on a visual screen for 2 milliseconds (ms). Then, the participants were instructed that they were able to eat pistachios provided by the experimenter. The weight of consumed food was recorded as the dependent variable. Results: Both obese and normal weight women exposed to abandonment themes (loneliness) consumed significantly more food than their counterparts exposed to neutral stimuli. The univariate analysis of covariance indicated that normal weight women in the control group did not differ from obese women in the control group on the amount of consumed pistachios after controlling EDE-Q, EAT-26, and body mass index (BMI). Moreover, the univariate analysis of covariance showed that the amount of food consumed by normal weight women in the experimental condition and obese women in the experimental group did not differ when BMI, EDE-Q, and EAT-26 were controlled. Conclusions: These results provide indirect support for schemata based theory of eating disorders. In other words, abandonment themes activate eating behaviors that presumably serve to avoid negative emotions.
The Role of the Harm Avoidance Personality in Depression and Anxiety During the Medical Internship

Abstract To determine whether physicians with harm avoidance (HA) personality traits were more prone to developing increased anxiety and depression during the medical internship. A prospective longitudinal study of 74 medical interns was carried out using repeated measures of symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BAI and BDI) before, at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months during the internship, and 2 weeks after the internship was completed. Baseline personality was assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire with 3 dimensions: novelty-seeking, HA, and reward dependence (RD). Levels of both depression and anxiety increased (6.4 and 3.4 on scores for BDI and BAI, respectively) during the internship and returned to baseline 2 weeks after it ended. HA scores were significantly correlated with depression and anxiety (0.3 scores on both the BDI and the BAI) and the scores for RD were significantly correlated with anxiety but not with depression. The interaction of HA and point in internship showed no significant differences. Internship plays a major role in the increase in depression and anxiety. A HA personality was also associated with the development of both depression and anxiety.
Sequence analysis and identification of the pyrKDbF operon from Lactococcus lactis including a novel gene, pyrK, involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis

Three genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines have been found to constitute an operon in Lactococcus lactis. Two of the genes are the well-known pyr genes pyrDb and pyrF, encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase, respectively. The third gene encodes a protein which was shown to be necessary for the activity of the pyrDb-encoded dihydroorotate dehydrogenase; we propose to name the gene pyrK. The pyrK-encoded protein is homologous to a number of proteins which are involved in electron transfer. The lactococcal pyrKDbF operon is highly homologous to the corresponding part of the much-larger pyr operon of Bacillus subtilis. orf2, the pyrK homolog in B. subtilis, has also been shown to be necessary for pyrimidine biosynthesis (A. E. Kahler and R. L. Switzer, J. Bacteriol. 178:5013-5016, 1996). Four genes adjacent to the operon, i.e., orfE, orfA, orfC, and gidB, were also sequenced. Three of these were excluded as members of the pyr operon by insertional analysis (orfA) or by their opposite direction of transcription (orfE and gidB). orfC, however, seems to be the distal gene in the pyrKDbF-orfC operon.