Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: the Baependi Heart Study—a family-based, highly admixed cohort study in a rural Brazilian town

Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major challenge to global health. The same epidemiological transition scenario is replayed as countries develop, but with variations based on environment, culture and ethnic mixture. The Baependi Heart Study was set up in 2005 to develop a longitudinal family-based cohort study that reflects on some of the genetic and lifestyle-related peculiarities of the Brazilian populations, in order to evaluate genetic and environmental influences on CVD risk factor traits. Participants Probands were recruited in Baependi, a small rural town in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, following by first-degree and then increasingly more distant relatives. The first follow-up wave took place in 2010, and the second in 2016. At baseline, the study evaluated 1691 individuals across 95 families. Cross-sectional data have been collected for 2239 participants. Findings to date Environmental and lifestyle factors and measures relevant to cardiovascular health have been reported. Having expanded beyond cardiovascular health outcomes, the phenotype datasets now include genetics, biochemistry, anthropometry, mental health, sleep and circadian rhythms. Many of these have yielded heritability estimates, and a shared genetic background of anxiety and depression has recently been published. In spite of universal access to electricity, the population has been found to be strongly shifted towards morningness compared with metropolitan areas. Future plans A new follow-up, marking 10 years of the study, is ongoing in 2016, in which data are collected as in 2010 (with the exception of the neuropsychiatric protocol). In addition to this, a novel questionnaire package collecting information about intelligence, personality and spirituality is being planned. The data set on circadian rhythms and sleep will be amended through additional questionnaires, actimetry, home sleep EEG recording and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) analysis. Finally, the anthropometric measures will be expanded by adding three-dimensional facial photography, voice recording and anatomical brain MRI.
The Word-Length Effect in Probed and Serial Recall

The word-length effect in immediate serial recall has been explained as the possible consequence of rehearsal processes or of output processes. In the first experiment adult subjects heard lists of five long or short words while engaging in articulatory suppression during presentation. Full serial recall or probed recall for a single item followed the list either immediately or after a 5-second delay to encourage rehearsal. The word-length effect was not influenced by recall delay, but was much smaller in probed than in serial recall. Examination of the serial position curves suggested that this might be due to a recency component operating in probed recall. Experiment 2 confirmed a word-length-insensitive recency effect in probed recall and showed that this was resistant to an auditory suffix, unlike the small recency effect found in serial recall. Experiment 3 used visual presentation without concurrent articulation. Under these conditions there was no recency effect for either recall method, but the word-length effect was again much smaller in probed than in serial recall. This was confirmed in Experiment 4, in which the presentation of serial and probed recall was randomized across trials, showing that the differences between recall methods could not be due to encoding strategies. We conclude that for visual presentation, at least part of the word-length effect originates in output processes. For auditory presentation the position is less clear, as serial and probed recall appear to draw on different resources. The nature of the output processes that may give rise to word-length effects is discussed.
Characterization of Acute and Chronic Myocardial Infarcts by Multidetector Computed Tomography: Comparison With Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance

Background— We evaluated whether contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (CE-MDCT) might characterize myocardial infarct (MI) with patterns similar to those obtained by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-MR) and studied the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results— In vivo infarct characterization by CE-MDCT was shown to be feasible between 4 and 20 minutes after contrast injection in 7 pigs with MI. Subsequently, in 16 patients with acute MI and 21 patients with chronic MI, contrast patterns by CE-MDCT were related to CE-MR. Eighteen patients had hypoenhanced regions on early CE-MDCT images at the time of coronary imaging, and 34 patients had hyperenhanced regions on images acquired 10 minutes later. On a segmental basis, there was moderately good concordance of early hypoenhanced regions (92%, &kgr;=0.54, P<0.001) and late hyperenhanced regions (82%, &kgr;=0.61, P<0.001) between CE-MDCT and CE-MR. Absolute sizes of early hypoenhanced (6±16 versus 7±16 g, P=0.25) and late hyperenhanced (36±34 versus 31±40 g, P=0.14) regions were similar on CE-MDCT and CE-MR and were highly correlated (r=0.93, P<0.001 and r=0.89, P<0.001 respectively). In 8 retrogradely perfused infarcted rabbit hearts, contrast kinetics of iomeprol were similar to gadodiamide, ie, slow wash in (8.7±6.7 versus 1.2±0.3 minutes, P<0.001) in infarct core and slow washout (20±12 versus 2.5±0.5 minutes, P<0.001) in both infarct core and rim compared with the remote region. Conclusions— Because iodated contrast agents have similar kinetics in infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium as gadolinium DPTA, CE-MDCT can characterize acute and chronic MI with contrast patterns similar to CE-MR. CE-MDCT may thus provide important information on infarct size and viability at the time of noninvasive coronary imaging.
Using Multimedia to Engage African American Children in Classroom Discourse

The purpose of this study is to examine the discourses that emerged among third- and fourth-grade African American students and their teachers as they read stories about the Underground Railroad and complete a computer module. The study is framed by emergent, sociocultural, and critical race perspectives. Qualitative methods are used to determine the amount and quality of science discourse that emerged in three urban classrooms. Results show culturally relevant texts engage students and teachers in high levels of classroom discourse that is rich in science content. Students are also successful on the science section of a computer-based assessment, suggesting culturally relevant multimedia is effective in science instruction. Findings also reveal the use of culturally relevant multimedia supports science inquiry and changes the social norms and discourse dynamics in classrooms when issues of racial injustice are addressed.
Atrial fibrillation detection with multiparametric RR interval feature and machine learning technique

Automatic screening of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the out-of-clinic environment is potentially an effective method for early detection of this life-threatening arrhythmia which is often paroxysmal and asymptomatic. Different technologies such as modified blood pressure monitor, single lead ECG-based finger-probe, and smartphone using plethysmogram signal have been emerging for this purpose. All these technologies use irregularity of RR interval (RRI) as a feature for AF detection. For real-time applications scalar feature is extracted from RRI signal and classified with a threshold. In this work, we have introduced multi-parametric RRI feature yielding a multidimensional feature vector. We used machine learning technique to learn the optimal decision boundary. The proposed method was tested with a publicly available landmark database. Initial experiments show promising AF detection performances comparable to those of state-of-the-art methods. Development and implementation of such a method in existing screen devices such a smartphone could be important for prevention of AFrelated risk of stroke, dementia, and death.
Understanding participation in culture and sport: Mixing methods, reordering knowledges

This article explores different ways of representing and understanding cultural participation. It employs multiple correspondence analysis to look at the clustering of participation using data from the “Taking Part” survey and uses qualitative material from participation narratives to address the meanings attached to participation and cultural engagement. The authors show that contemporary lifestyles are strongly demarcated around both the fact and the nature of participation and that the clustering of particular types of activity and inactivity shows quite clearly that not taking part in highbrow cultural activities is the norm. They go on to argue that the “deficit” model of culture employed by government is unhelpful, as what matters for health and well-being appears to be participation per se and that more work is therefore required to understand the value and significance of informal and everyday cultural practices. Nevertheless, given the continuing role of culture in the inter-generational transmission of economic and social inequalities, they also call for policies to promote cultural “omnivorousness” and tackle disengagement.
More than meets the Eye—Myelinated axons crowd the subthalamic nucleus

High frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a successful treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, it is currently believed that the beneficial effects of the stimulation are mediated either by alleviating pathological basal ganglia output patterns of activity or by activation of the axons of passage that arise from the cerebral cortex and other sources. In this study, we show that the anatomical composition of the primate STN provides a substrate through which DBS may elicit widespread changes in brain activity via stimulation of fibers of passage. Using quantitative high‐resolution electron microscopy, we found that the primate STN is traversed by numerous myelinated axons, which occupy as much as 45% of its sensorimotor territory and 36% of its associative region. In comparison, myelinated axons occupy only 27% of the surface areas of the sensorimotor and associative regions of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), another target for therapeutic DBS in PD. We also noted that myelinated axons in the STN, on average, have a larger diameter than those in GPi, which may render them more susceptible to electrical stimulation. Because axons are more excitable than other neuronal elements, our findings support the hypothesis that STN DBS, even when carried out entirely within the confines of the nucleus, mediates some of its effects by activating myelinated axons of passage. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Social support, group consensus and stressor–strain relationships: Social context matters.

In this study, we examined the degree to which individuals' reactions to stressors were influenced by the quality of their shared social environments. Based on social support theory, we proposed that individuals in positive social environments would show lower levels of strain when exposed to stressors than would individuals in negative social environments. The quality of the shared social environment was assessed by measuring the degree of consensus among group members about an issue of importance to the group—namely about the group leadership. Social influence theory provides compelling reasons to believe that this measure of consensus should be a strong indicator of the quality of the social environment within the groups. In multilevel analyses using a sample of 1923 soldiers who were members of 52 Companies deployed to Haiti, we found that the quality of the social environment moderated relationships between (a) work stressors and morale and (b) work stressors and depression. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industry's role in employability

Purpose – The world is seeing a large deficit in employable workforce. An employable workforce is developed with appropriate combination of academic and practical skills. Practical skills are better developed with industry intervention rather than in classrooms. Changing trends of economic activity have steadily changed the business thought. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of industry in developing employability by studying employability from the value chain and “Demand-Supply” of workforce models. The scope is limited to Indian context. This paper is a part of the research on factors influencing employability in India. Design/methodology/approach – Literature review, expert interviews and authors’ own experiences and understanding. Findings – It has been found that most of the countries in the world are facing a shortage of skilled and employable workforce. We examined various literature content and studied specific instances in the Industry. The study has shown that in the cases where in.
The advantages of frameless stereotactic biopsy over frame-based biopsy

Health technology The use of frameless stereotactic biopsy was investigated. The technique consisted of a neuronavigation system, based on an infrared LED-based system (Easy Guide Neuro, Philips Medical Systems), and a novel stereotactic guide that was adaptable to a variety of instruments. The developed guide was freely adjustable to reach the entire cranium and would lock in place rigidly, allowing fine correction of the trajectory setting. The guide arm was fixed to a Mayfield clamp and the joints of the arm were locked simultaneously without producing tensional movement. This technique was compared with frame-based stereotactic biopsy. The stereotactic frames employed were the Codman-Roberts-Wells (Radioing) and the Resell (Elektra Instruments) systems. All biopsies were performed under general anaesthetic, induced prior to application of the base ring.
Prolactinomas, dopamine agonists and headache: two case reports

Headache is a common problem in patients with pituitary tumours. Small pituitary lesions can cause debilitating headache, suggesting that the size of the pituitary tumour may not be the only causal factor in pituitary‐related headache. We present two cases of prolactinoma‐associated headache. The first case has a clinical diagnosis of short‐lasting unilateral headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT). The second case has a clinical diagnosis of hemicrania continua and idiopathic stabbing headache. In each case, the administration of dopamine agonists has led to an exacerbation of symptoms. We review the relevant literature to understand the pathophysiological implications of these cases.
Sabanci-Okan System in LifeCLEF 2015 Plant Identification Competition

We present our deep learning based plant identification system in the LifeCLEF 2015. The approach is based on a simple deep convolutional network called PCANet and does not require large amounts of data due to using principal component analysis to learn the weights. After learning multistage filter banks, a simple binary hashing is applied to the filtered data, and features are pooled from block histograms. A multiclass linear support vector machine is then trained and the system is evaluated using the plant task datasets of LifeCLEF 2014 and 2015. As announced by the organizers, our submission achieved an overall inverse rank score of 0.153 in the image-based and an inverse rank score of 0.162 in the observation-based task of LifeCLEF 2015, as well as an inverse rank score of 0.51 for the LeafScan dataset of LifeCLEF 2014.
Emotional Arousal and Memory Binding: An Object-Based Framework

Binding various features of an event together and maintaining these connections in memory is an essential component of episodic memories. Previous theories make contradictory predictions about the effects of emotional arousal on memory binding. In this article, I review evidence for both arousal-impaired and arousal-enhanced memory binding and explain these contradictory findings using an object-based framework. According to this framework, emotionally arousing objects attract attention that enhances binding of their constituent features. In contrast, the emotional arousal associated with one object either impairs or has no effect on the associations between that object and other distinct objects or background contextual information. After initial encoding, the attention-grabbing nature of emotionally arousing objects can lead to interference in working memory, making it more difficult to maintain other bound representations. These contrasting effects of arousal on memory binding should help predict which aspects of emotional memories are likely to be accurate and which aspects are likely to be misremembered.
Wayfinding from multiple sources of local information in retinal flow.

Although they concluded differently, N.G. Kim, R. Growney, and M.T. Turvey (1996) provided data that supports previous empirical (J. E. Cutting, K. Springer, P. A. Braren, & S. H. Johnson, 1992) and metatheoretical (J. E. Cutting, 1986) claims. Their data show that, in simulations of pursuit fixation during locomotion through a cluttered environment, multiple sources of local information in retinal flow--previously analyzed as differential parallactic displacements (DMP), inward motion (IM), and outward deceleration (OD)--appear to be used by observers to determine the direction of their heading. Four alternative versions of parallax information were considered. Three were global sources--differential motion, spatial pooling, size-weighted spatial pooling; the other was a local source--the displacement direction of the largest object (DDLO) in the field. Of these, DDLO was best predictor, outstripping DMP and the 3 global sources; but IM and OD remained important. Thus, it remains that several local sources of motion information best predict the wayfinding data.
Is talking to virtual more realistic?

Virtual worlds and animated computer avatars are becoming more realistic, more natural, and more widespread. Accordingly, we are looking at new ways of interacting with machines based on “old” methods for interacting with humans, such as talking, writing and gesturing. By applying a synergistic, multimodal approach to several application domains that incorporate avatars, augmented reality or virtual reality, we investigate whether this interface style is more suitable for realistic environments. Concrete examples and studies are used to discuss this point, raising other key questions in the design of this new generation of interfaces.
Influencing factors on cervical cancer screening from the Kurdish women’s perspective: A qualitative study

Aim:This study was aimed to explore and describe the Kurdish women’s perception of cervical cancer screening. Methods: A qualitative design based on a conventional content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was applied to 19 women chosen, who had a Pap smear or refused to have one. The study was performed in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Semi-structure din-depth individual interviews were carried out to collect data. Results: Four main themes including conflict, belief, and awareness about cervical cancer screening and socio-cultural factors emerged during data analysis Conclusions: Cervical cancer has a high mortality rate in the developing countries. However, only a few Kurdish women participated in the cervical cancer screening in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Understanding the factors associated with the women’s perception of cervical cancer could guide future educational planning and clinical interventions improve the cervical cancer screening.
A Novel Statistical AOA Model Pertinent to Indoor Geolocation

A novel statistical angle-of-arrival (AOA) model for indoor geolocation applications is presented. The modeling approach focuses on the arrivals of the multipath components with respect to the line-of-sight (LOS) path which is an important component especially when indoor geolocation applications are considered. The model is particularly important for indoor applications where AOA information could be utilized for tracking indirect paths to aid in precise ranging in harsh and dense multipath environments where LOS path might be blocked due to obstructions. The results have been obtained by a measurement calibrated ray-tracing (RT) tool.
Knowledge management practices within a knowledge‐intensive firm: the significance of the people management dimension

This paper draws attention to the potentially focal role that appropriate people management practices can and do play in facilitating knowledge management within the context of a specialist consulting firm that sustains its competitive advantage through processes of knowledge creation. The paper highlights the way in which traditional approaches to people management issues such as recruitment and selection, professional development etc. are not necessarily appropriate or relevant when managing an expert workforce that expects and demands considerable levels of autonomy. The findings highlight that perhaps too much reliance has been placed on technological solutions to KM to date. Hence the paper emphasises the highly situated and contextual nature of KM and the practices or systems in support of KM, which existing literature in this field has failed to adequately address.
Coffee Consumption and Oxidative Stress: A Review of Human Intervention Studies

Research on the potential protective effects of coffee and its bioactives (caffeine, chlorogenic acids and diterpenes) against oxidative stress and related chronic disease risk has been increasing in the last years. The present review summarizes the main findings on the effect of coffee consumption on protection against lipid, protein and DNA damage, as well as on the modulation of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes in human studies. Twenty-six dietary intervention studies (involving acute and chronic coffee intake) have been considered. Overall, the results suggest that coffee consumption can increase glutathione levels and improve protection against DNA damage, especially following regular/repeated intake. On the contrary, the effects of coffee on plasma antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes, as well as on protein and lipid damage, are unclear following both acute and chronic exposure. The high heterogeneity in terms of type of coffee, doses and duration of the studies, the lack of information on coffee and/or brew bioactive composition, as well as the choice of biomarkers and the methods used for their evaluation, may partially explain the variability observed among findings. More robust and well-controlled intervention studies are necessary for a thorough understanding of the effect of coffee on oxidative stress markers in humans.
Principles of general final-state resummation and automated implementation

Next-to-leading logarithmic final-state resummed predictions have traditionally been calculated, manually, separately for each observable. In this article we derive NLL resummed results for generic observables. We highlight and discuss the conditions that the observable should satisfy for the approach to be valid, in particular continuous globalness and recursive infrared and collinear safety. The resulting resummation formula is expressed in terms of certain well-defined characteristics of the observable. We have written a computer program, \textsc{caesar}\xspace, which, given a subroutine for an arbitrary observable, determines those characteristics, enabling full automation of a large class of final-state resummations, in a range of processes.