Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the DNA Barcodes in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from Mainland Asia

DNA barcoding has been proposed to be one of the most promising tools for accurate and rapid identification of taxa. However, few publications have evaluated the efficiency of DNA barcoding for the large genera of flowering plants. Dendrobium, one of the largest genera of flowering plants, contains many species that are important in horticulture, medicine and biodiversity conservation. Besides, Dendrobium is a notoriously difficult group to identify. DNA barcoding was expected to be a supplementary means for species identification, conservation and future studies in Dendrobium. We assessed the power of 11 candidate barcodes on the basis of 1,698 accessions of 184 Dendrobium species obtained primarily from mainland Asia. Our results indicated that five single barcodes, i.e., ITS, ITS2, matK, rbcL and trnH-psbA, can be easily amplified and sequenced with the currently established primers. Four barcodes, ITS, ITS2, ITS+matK, and ITS2+matK, have distinct barcoding gaps. ITS+matK was the optimal barcode based on all evaluation methods. Furthermore, the efficiency of ITS+matK was verified in four other large genera including Ficus, Lysimachia, Paphiopedilum, and Pedicularis in this study. Therefore, we tentatively recommend the combination of ITS+matK as a core DNA barcode for large flowering plant genera.
Seminal vesicles ultrasound features in a cohort of infertility patients.

OBJECTIVES Previous studies concerning ultrasound evaluation of the seminal vesicles (SV) were performed on a limited series of subjects, and considered few parameters, often only before ejaculation and without assessing the patients' sexual abstinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the volume and the emptying characteristics of the SV and their possible correlations with scrotal and transrectal ultrasound features. METHODS The SV of 368 men seeking medical care for couple infertility were evaluated by ultrasound. All patients underwent, during the same ultrasound session, scrotal and transrectal evaluation, before and after ejaculation, and the ejaculate was subjected to semen analysis. A new parameter, SV ejection fraction, calculated as: [(SV volume before ejaculation - SV volume after ejaculation)/SV volume before ejaculation] × 100, was evaluated. RESULTS After adjusting for sexual abstinence and age, both pre-ejaculatory SV volume and SV ejection fraction were positively associated with ejaculate volume. As assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off for SV ejection fraction of 21.6% discriminates subjects with normal ejaculate volume (≥1.5 ml) and pH (≥7.2 ml) with both sensitivity and specificity equal to 75%. Subjects with SV ejection fraction of <21.6% more often had a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume and ejaculatory duct abnormalities. Furthermore, a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume was associated with a higher prostate volume and SV abnormalities. Higher epididymal and deferential diameters were also detected in subjects with a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume or reduced SV ejection fraction. No association between SV and testis ultrasound features or sperm parameters was observed. Associations with SV ejection fraction were confirmed in nested 1:1 case-control analysis. CONCLUSIONS The SV contribute significantly to the ejaculate volume. A new parameter, SV ejection fraction, could be useful in assessing SV emptying. A SV ejection fraction of <21.6% was associated with prostate-vesicular and epididymal ultrasound abnormalities.
Relationship between emotional intelligent and job satisfaction among Texas instrument workers

The paper explores the relationship between emotional intelligent and job satisfaction among Texas Instrument workers. The emphasis will be on the distribution of respondent in terms of items in emotional intelligent and items in job satisfaction. This involves the explanation about the socioeconomic status of the respondents, the three types of emotional intelligent and job satisfaction. We also discuss the definition and the important of emotional intelligent and job satisfaction in organization. The research location is one of the establish factory in Klang Valley that is Texas Instrument. The result is explained based on the research objectives. The Pearson correlation analysis shows that there are significant relationship between emotional intelligent and job satisfaction among Texas Instrument workers. This paper contribute the information emotional intelligent and job satisfaction for the academicians, organization, and policy makers.
Depression and its associated risk factors in medical and surgical post graduate trainees at a teaching hospital: a cross sectional survey from a developing country.

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of depression among post graduate medical trainees in a teaching hospital of Pakistan and to explore the associated factors contributing to depression in them. METHODS It's a cross-sectional study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. It was done in June 2008 till August 2008. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was administered among 172 post graduate trainees. Self administered questionnaires were used to assess the associated demographic and work related risk factors. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS The survey response rate was 172 (82.69%). Depression in the overall sample was 103 (59.88%), of which 58 (33.66%) were moderate to markedly depressed. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that working hours less than 76 hours (OR 3.71; CI = 1.67, 8.23) and 76-90 hours (OR 3.15; CI = 1.42, 6.97) and none or occasional peer support (OR 2.05; CI = 1.01, 4.18) were independent predictors for depression among the post graduate trainees. CONCLUSION More than half of our sample population was depressed. Therefore, they should be encouraged to recognize and seek treatment. This study also indicates that less working hours and lack of peer support cause depression.
Altered Calcium/Calmodulin Kinase II Activity Changes Calcium Homeostasis That Underlies Epileptiform Activity in Hippocampal Neurons in Culture

Epilepsy is characterized by the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent epileptiform discharges (SREDs) in neurons. A decrease in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) activity has been shown to occur with the development of SREDs in a hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy, and altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis has been implicated in the development of SREDs. Using antisense oligonucleotides, this study was conducted to determine whether selective suppression of CaMK-II activity, with subsequent induction of SREDs, was associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis in hippocampal neurons in culture. Antisense knockdown resulted in the development of SREDs and a decrease in both immunocytochemical staining and enzyme activity of CaMK-II. Evaluation of [Ca2+]i using Fura indicators revealed that antisense-treated neurons manifested increased basal [Ca2+]i, whereas missense-treated neurons showed no change in basal [Ca2+]i. Antisense suppression of CaMK-II was also associated with an inability of neurons to restore a Ca2+ load. Upon removal of oligonucleotide treatment, CaMK-II suppression and Ca2+ homeostasis recovered to control levels and SREDs were abolished. To our knowledge, the results demonstrate the first evidence that selective suppression of CaMK-II activity results in alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and the development of SREDs in hippocampal neurons and suggest that CaMK-II suppression may be causing epileptogenesis by altering Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms.
Technology mapping for high-performance static CMOS and pass transistor logic designs

Two new techniques for mapping circuits are proposed in this paper. The first method, called the odd-level transistor replacement (OTR) method, has a goal that is similar to that of technology mapping, but without the restriction of a fixed library size and maps a circuit to a virtual library of complex static CMOS gates. The second technique, the static CMOS/pass transistor logic (PTL) method, uses a mix of static CMOS and PTL to realize the circuit and utilizes the relation between PTL and binary decision diagrams. The methods are very efficient and can handle all of the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits in minutes. A comparison of the results with traditional technology mapping using SIS on different libraries shows an average delay reduction above 18% for OTR, and an average delay reduction above 35% for the static CMOS/PTL method, with significant savings in the area.
Subsecond Changes in Top–Down Control Exerted by Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Conflict and Action Selection: A Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Electroencephalography Study

Action selection requires choosing one of all the possible conflicting action plans that are available. There is currently a debate as to whether the dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) merely detects or actively resolves response conflict. We used combined on-line transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalographic recording (TMS–EEG) to test whether human dMFC plays a critical causal role in conflict resolution, and whether the mechanism for such a function is via interactions with primary motor cortex. In an Eriksen flanker task, subjects discriminated the direction of the centermost arrow in an array of five, responding with the left or right hand. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP), a measure of relative levels of activity in left and right motor cortices, was also recorded. Reaction times and error rates were higher on incongruent than congruent trials, and incongruent trials produced a positive LRP deflection reflecting initial partial activation of the incorrect response. On one-half of trials, repetitive TMS was applied to left dMFC starting 100 ms before visual stimulus onset and ending 100 ms afterward. TMS disrupted performance by selectively increasing error rates on contralateral (right hand) incongruent trials. TMS also only modulated the LRP on incongruent trials, causing an increased positive deflection (associated with preparation of the incorrect response) starting 180 ms after visual stimulus onset. TMS of a control site did not interfere with behavior or motor cortical activity. dMFC has a direct causal role in resolving conflict during action selection, and the mechanism involves the top–down modulation of primary motor cortical activity.
From Pixels to Response Maps: Discriminative Image Filtering for Face Alignment in the Wild

We propose a face alignment framework that relies on the texture model generated by the responses of discriminatively trained part-based filters. Unlike standard texture models built from pixel intensities or responses generated by generic filters (e.g. Gabor), our framework has two important advantages. First, by virtue of discriminative training, invariance to external variations (like identity, pose, illumination and expression) is achieved. Second, we show that the responses generated by discriminatively trained filters (or patch-experts) are sparse and can be modeled using a very small number of parameters. As a result, the optimization methods based on the proposed texture model can better cope with unseen variations. We illustrate this point by formulating both part-based and holistic approaches for generic face alignment and show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art on multiple”wild” databases. The code and dataset annotations are available for research purposes from http://ibug.doc. ic.ac. uk/resources.
The UDF05 Follow-up of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. I. The Faint-End Slope of the Lyman Break Galaxy Population at z ~ 5

We present the UDF05 HST program, which consists of three disjoint fields—NICP12, NICP34, plus the HUDF—with deep ACS (F606W, F775W, and F850LP) and NICMOS (F110W and F160W) imaging. Here we use the ACS data for the NICP12 and HUDF fields to implement a (V − i) − (i − z) selection criterion that allows us to identify a sample of 101 (133) z ∼ 5 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) down to z850 = 28.5 (29.25) mag in NICP12 (HUDF). We construct the rest-frame 1400 Å LBG luminosity function (LF) over the range M1400 = [ − 21.4, − 17.1] , i.e. down to ~0.04L* at z ∼ 5, and use Subaru Deep Field results (Yoshida et al. 2006) to constrain our LF at the bright end (M1400 ⩾ − 22.2). We show that (1) different assumptions regarding the LBG SED distribution, dust properties, and intergalactic absorption result in a 25% variation in the number density of LBGs at z ∼ 5; (2) under consistent assumptions for dust properties and intergalactic absorption, the HUDF is ~30% underdense in z ∼ 5 LBGs relative to the NICP12 field, a variation which is well explained by cosmic variance; and (3) the faint-end slope of the LF does not depend on the input parameters, and has a value of α ∼ − 1.6, similar to the faint-end slope of the LF of z ∼ 3 and z ∼ 6 LBGs. Our study therefore supports no variation in the faint end of the LBG LF over the whole redshift range z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 6. Based on a comparison with semianalytical models, we speculate that the z ∼ 5 LBGs might have a top-heavy IMF.
Issues in Using Human Variability Distributions to Estimate Low-Dose Risk

Background The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommended that low-dose risks be estimated in some situations using human variability distributions (HVDs). HVD modeling estimates log-normal distributions from data on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables that affect individual sensitivities to the toxic response. These distributions are combined into an overall log-normal distribution for the threshold dose (dose below which there is no contribution to a toxic response) by assuming the variables act independently and multiplicatively. This distribution is centered at a point-of-departure dose that is usually estimated from animal data. The resulting log-normal distribution is used to quantify low-dose risk. Objective We examined the implications of various assumptions in HVD modeling for estimating low-dose risk. Methods The assumptions and data used in HVD modeling were subjected to rigorous scrutiny. Results We found that the assumption that the variables affecting human sensitivity vary log normally is not scientifically defensible. Other distributions that are equally consistent with the data provide very different estimates of low-dose risk. HVD modeling can also involve an assumption that a threshold dose defined by dichotomizing a continuous apical response has a log-normal distribution. This assumption is shown to be incompatible (except under highly specialized conditions) with assuming that the continuous apical response itself is log normal. However, the two assumptions can lead to very different estimates of low-dose risk. The assumption in HVD modeling that the threshold dose can be expressed as a function of a product of independent variables lacks phenomenological support. We provide an example that shows that this assumption is generally invalid. Conclusion In view of these problems, we recommend caution in the use of HVD modeling as a general approach to estimating low-dose risks from human exposures to toxic chemicals.
Career Counseling: Process, Issues, and Techniques

Preface. Acknowledgments. I.CAREER COUNSELING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: EVOLVING CONTEXTS, CHALLENGES, AND CONCEPTS. 1.Career Counseling: A Career Life Perspective. 2.Helping Clients Understand and Respond to Changes in the Workplace and Family Life. 3.Empowering Life Choices: Career Counseling in Cultural Contexts. 4.The Gendered Context of Career Counseling: Empowering Women's Life Choices. 5.The Gendered Context of Career Counseling: Empowering Men's Life Choices. 6.Empowering the Life Choices of People with Disabilities Through Career Counseling. II.OPENING AND GATHERING INFORMATION PHASES OF THE CAREER COUNSELING PROCESS: SELECTED TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS. 7.Opening Phase of the Career Counseling Process: Forming the Working Alliance. 8.Life Career Assessment: A Structured Interview to Gather Client Information. 9.Career Genogram: Gathering Information About Career-Family-Socialization Connections. 10.Gathering Client Information Using an Occupational Card Sort: Using Occupational Titles as Stimuli. 11.Gathering Client Information Using Selected Standardized Tests and Inventories: An In-Depth Approach. 12.The Career Transitions Inventory: A Tool for Uncovering Internal Resources and Barriers in Adulthood. III.UNDERSTANDING AND INTERPRETING CLIENT INFORMATION AND FORMING HYPOTHESES PHASES OF THE CAREER COUNSELING PROCESS. 13.Identifying and Analyzing Life Career Themes. 14.Understanding and Working with Resistant Clients. IV.TAKING ACTION, USING INFORMATION, DEVELOPING CAREER GOALS AND PLANS OF ACTION, AND EVALUATING RESULTS, AND CLOSING THE RELATIONSHIP PHASES OF THE CAREER COUNSELING PROCESS. 15.Using Information in Career Counseling. 16.Developing Career Goals and Plans of Action. 17.Bringing Closure to Career Counseling. Name Index. Subject Index.
DISCERNING TRUTH FROM DECEPTION: THE SINCERE WITNESS PROFILE

During the last twenty years, we have assisted to a growing interest in the detection of verbal cues under deception. In this context, we focused our attention on the truth vs. deception topic in adults. In particular, we were interested in discrepant findings concerning some verbal indicators. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether different experimental designs may yield different results regarding the presence or absence of CBCA criteria. Forty participants were shown a video of a robbery and were asked to give a truthful and a deceitful statement of the criminal event. The participants' performances were recorded in order to analyze content of the reports. Results showed more changes in verbal behaviour under within-subjects design compared to between- subjects one, though the presence/absence of some criteria was the same across the two statistical procedures. The different results yielded by between- and within-subjects analyses can provide some hints as regards the discrepancy in deception literature on verbal cues. Implications for applied settings are discussed.
The Trouble with White Feminism: Whiteness, Digital Feminism and the Intersectional Internet

In August, 2013 Mikki Kendall, writer and pop culture analyst, started the hashtag #SolidarityisforWhiteWomen as a form of cyberfeminist activism directed at the predominantly white feminist activists and bloggers at sites like Feministing, Jezebel and Pandagon who failed to acknowledge the racist, sexist behavior of one their frequent contributors. Kendall’s hashtag activism quickly began trending and reignited a discussion about the trouble with white feminism. A number of journalists have excoriated Kendall specifically, and women of color more generally, for contributing to a “toxic” form of feminism. Yet what remains unquestioned in these journalistic accounts and in the scholarship to date, is the dominance of white women as architects and defenders of a framework of white feminism – not just in the second wave but today, in the digital era. In this chapter, I offer a critique of white feminism as it plays out on the intersectional Internet. To do this, I critically examine three examples of white women’s feminist activism: Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In and “Ban Bossy” campaigns, Eve Ensler’s One Billion Rising, and The Future of Online Feminism report. I end with a discussion about the difficulty of challenging white feminism, how necessary it is to move forward, and how crucial the Internet is for sustaining such a critique.
Modulation of scale-free properties of brain activity in MEG

The analysis of scale-free (i.e., 1/f power spectrum) brain activity has emerged in the last decade since it has been shown that low frequency fluctuations interact with oscillatory activity in electrophysiology, noticeably when exogenous factors (stimuli, task) are delivered to the human brain. However, there are some major difficulties in measuring scale-free activity in neuroimaging data: they are noisy, possibly nonstationary . Here, we make use of multifractal analysis to better understand the biological meaning of scale-free activity recorded with Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. On a cohort of 20 subjects, we demonstrate the presence of self-similarity on all sensors during rest and visually evoked activity. Also, we report significant multifractality on the norm of gradiometers. Finally, on the latter signals we show how self-similarity and multifractality are modulated between ongoing and evoked activity.
Histological Basis of the Porcine Femoral Artery for Vascular Research

The similarities between the porcine and human cardiovascular systems make the pig a useful animal model for the study of vascular biology. However, a standardized method is needed to describe the normal histological properties of porcine arteries in order to evaluate pathologic lesions in future studies. Descriptive and morphometric analyses were done on 16 porcine femoral arteries. For these purposes, three histological stains (haematoxylin eosin, Masson's trichrome, and orcein), four immunohistochemical methods (using antibodies anti‐α‐actin, anti‐CD3, anti‐L1 and anti‐lysozyme), and a glycohistochemical method (using Dolichos biflorus lectin) were performed. The porcine femoral arteries evaluated had a mean total area of 6.25 ± 1.99 mm2 and a diameter of 2.79 ± 0.41 mm. The majority of the total area was occupied by the medial layer (42.97 ± 5.38%) and was mainly constituted by smooth muscle cells (94.58 ± 2.65%). All the cell markers used reacted with porcine paraffin‐embedded tissue. However, the anti‐lysozyme antibody was excluded from this histological analysis because of cytoplasmatic reactivity in smooth muscle cells. In summary, this study proposes histological methods to describe the normal characteristics of the porcine femoral artery and raises the possibility of applying this methodology in future studies on porcine vascular research.
In search of a practice: Large-scale moderation in a massive online community

xii Chapter One: Scale and the Role of Moderators . 1 Background on Ravelry.com . 1 Why Study Ravelry? 2 My Fiber Credentials . 8 Areas of Interest for This Study . 10 Research Questions . 11 Framework for the Study . 11 Chapter Two: Leisure, Learning, and Community . 13 Serious Leisure and Learning . 13 Learning in CoPs . 17 Online Communities . 25 Participation Structures for Successful Online Communities . 29 Volunteers and Roles in Communities . 42 Governance Structures in Online Communities . 45 Roles to Support Participation and Governance in Ravelry.com . 55 Summary . 62 Chapter Three: Research Design . 64 Overview . 64 Research Design . 65 Data Collection Phase I: Survey of Ravelry Moderators . 67 Data Collection Phase II: Interviews . 71