Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minority Participation in the Public Sphere – A Critical Analysis of Claim-Making on Muslim Rights and Islam in Swedish News Media

As Muslim communities have become more permanently established in Western European societies, debates around the public practice of Islam in these societies have become more prevalent, while the “global war on terror” rhetoric has aided the construction of Muslim minorities into “Others” along lines of religious and cultural differences. Based on theories of minority participation in the public sphere as part of the political process of contestation over group rights in complex pluralistic political communities, this thesis investigates the debate around Muslim rights and Islam in Sweden during the years 1999 – 2008 as reported by the five largest Swedish daily newspapers. Making use of political claims analysis it looks at the actors, issues, and positions present in the debate and their development over time. It also compares the claim-making of actors with explicit and implicit Muslim identities in order to challenge the category of the “Muslim Other”. The analysis shows that there is considerable participation of institutionalised Muslim minority actors who face changing contexts and discursive opportunity structures in their claim-making. A comparison of claim-making by religious and secular Muslim actors indicates considerable differences between the two groups, pointing out the need to be critically aware that a politics of recognition can mean the homogenisation and reification of minority group identities at the cost of acknowledging their actual heterogeneity.
PRMT5 Is Upregulated in Malignant and Metastatic Melanoma and Regulates Expression of MITF and p27Kip1

Protein arginine methyltransferase-5 (PRMT5) is a Type II arginine methyltransferase that regulates various cellular functions. We hypothesized that PRMT5 plays a role in regulating the growth of human melanoma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated significant upregulation of PRMT5 in human melanocytic nevi, malignant melanomas and metastatic melanomas as compared to normal epidermis. Furthermore, nuclear PRMT5 was significantly decreased in metastatic melanomas as compared to primary cutaneous melanomas. In human metastatic melanoma cell lines, PRMT5 was predominantly cytoplasmic, and associated with its enzymatic cofactor Mep50, but not STAT3 or cyclin D1. However, histologic examination of tumor xenografts from athymic mice revealed heterogeneous nuclear and cytoplasmic PRMT5 expression. Depletion of PRMT5 via siRNA inhibited proliferation in a subset of melanoma cell lines, while it accelerated growth of others. Loss of PRMT5 also led to reduced expression of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), a melanocyte-lineage specific oncogene, and increased expression of the cell cycle regulator p27Kip1. These results are the first to report elevated PRMT5 expression in human melanoma specimens and indicate this protein may regulate MITF and p27Kip1 expression in human melanoma cells.
SoSPa: A system of Security design Patterns for systematically engineering secure systems

Model-Driven Security (MDS) for secure systems development still has limitations to be more applicable in practice. A recent systematic review of MDS shows that current MDS approaches have not dealt with multiple security concerns systematically. Besides, catalogs of security patterns which can address multiple security concerns have not been applied efficiently. This paper presents an MDS approach based on a unified System of Security design Patterns (SoSPa). In SoSPa, security design patterns are collected, specified as reusable aspect models to form a coherent system of them that guides developers in systematically addressing multiple security concerns. SoSPa consists of not only interrelated security design patterns but also a refinement process towards their application. We applied SoSPa to design the security of crisis management systems. The result shows that multiple security concerns in the case study have been addressed by systematically integrating different security solutions.
Phytoplankton photoacclimation and photoadaptation in response to environmental gradients in a shelf sea

Variability in the photosynthetic performance of natural phytoplankton communities, due to both taxonomic composition and the physiological acclimation of these taxa to environmental conditions, was assessed at contrasting sites within a temperate shelf sea region. Physiological parameters relating to the structure of the photosystem II (PSII) antenna and processes downstream from PSII were evaluated using a combination of fast repetition rate fluorescence, oxygen flash yields, spectral fluorescence, and 14C photosynthesis versus irradiance measurements. Parameters relating to PSII antenna structure, specifically the functional absorption cross‐section (ΣPSII) and the chlorophyll to PSII reaction center ratio, varied principally as a result of spatial (horizontal) taxonomic differences. Phenotypic plasticity in the size of the PSII light‐harvesting antenna appeared to be limited. In contrast, parameters related to electron transport rates (ETRs) downstream of PSII, including the maximum ETR (1/ΤPSII), the chlorophyll‐specific maximum rate of carbon fixation (P*max), and the light‐saturation intensity (Ek), all decreased from the surface to the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) in stratified waters. The primary photoacclimation response to the vertical light gradient thus resulted in decreasing light‐saturated carbon fixation per reaction center with increasing depth. Increases in the ratio of PSII reaction centers to carbon fixation capacity thus dominated the phenotypic response to decreased irradiance within the SCM. Perhaps counterintuitively, phytoplankton populations within fully mixed water columns, characterized by low mean irradiance, were acclimated or adapted to relatively high irradiance.
Ionic Remodeling in the Heart: Pathophysiological Significance and New Therapeutic Opportunities for Atrial Fibrillation

Heart disease has long been recognized to alter cardiac electrical function. Detailed studies of disease-induced remodeling of ionic transport processes that underlie ventricular electrophysiological alterations have been performed over the past 10 years, but our knowledge of atrial ionic remodeling is more limited and has emerged much more recently. The present review focuses on recent findings regarding ionic remodeling at the atrial level, particularly with respect to two conditions that promote atrial fibrillation (AF) in well-developed clinically relevant animal models: (1) sustained atrial tachycardia and (2) ventricular tachypacing–induced congestive heart failure. Complementary data from experimental models and from observations in atrial tissue samples from patients are examined critically and integrated. Consideration is also given to potential molecular mechanisms underlying remodeling, the relationship between atrial and ventricular ionic remodeling in response to similar stimuli, and the potential relevance of insights into ionic remodeling for understanding the pathophysiology of AF and developing improved therapeutic approaches.
Reporting the Percentage of Students above a Cut Score: The Effect of Group Size

Large-scale assessment results for schools, school boards/districts, and entire provinces or states are commonly reported as the percentage of students achieving a standard—-that is, the percentage of students scoring above the cut score that defines the standard on the assessment scale. Recent research has shown that this method of reporting is sensitive to small changes in the cut score, especially when comparing results across years or between groups. This study builds on that work, investigating the effects of reporting group size on the stability of results. In Part 1 of this study, Grade 6 students’ results on Ontario's 2008 and 2009 Junior Assessments of Reading, Writing and Mathematics were compared, by school, for different sizes of schools. In Part 2, samples of students’ results on the 2009 assessment were randomly drawn and compared, for 10 group sizes, to estimate the variability in results due to sampling error. The results showed that the percentage of students above a cut score (PAC) was unstable for small schools and small randomly drawn groups.
Preference-Inspired Coevolutionary Algorithms for Many-Objective Optimization

The simultaneous optimization of many objectives (in excess of 3), in order to obtain a full and satisfactory set of tradeoff solutions to support a posteriori decision making, remains a challenging problem. The concept of coevolving a family of decision-maker preferences together with a population of candidate solutions is studied here and demonstrated to have promising performance characteristics for such problems. After introducing the concept of the preference-inspired coevolutionary algorithm (PICEA), a realization of this concept, PICEA-g, is systematically compared with four of the best-in-class evolutionary algorithms (EAs); random search is also studied as a baseline approach. The four EAs used in the comparison are a Pareto-dominance relation-based algorithm (NSGA-II), an ε-dominance relation-based algorithm [ ε-multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA)], a scalarizing function-based algorithm (MOEA/D), and an indicator-based algorithm [hypervolume-based algorithm (HypE)]. It is demonstrated that, for bi-objective problems, all of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithms perform competitively. As the number of objectives increases, PICEA-g and HypE, which have comparable performance, tend to outperform NSGA-II, ε-MOEA, and MOEA/D. All the algorithms outperformed random search.
Susceptibility of Mice Deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls infection in the majority of infected humans. Studies in mice have delineated an important role for CD4+ T cells and cytokines including interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in the response to infection with mycobacteria. Recently, the identification of CD8+ CD1-restricted T cells that kill M. tuberculosis organisms via granulysin and the rapid death after infection of β2 microglobulin deficient mice in humans has drawn attention to a critical role for CD8+ T cells. The nature of mycobacterial-specific CD8+ T cells has been an enigma because few have been identified in any species. Here, we delineate the contribution of class I MHC–restricted T cells in the defense against tuberculosis as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1-deficient mice died rapidly, bore a greater bacterial burden, and had more severe tissue pathology than control mice. In contrast, CD1D−/− mice were not significantly different in their susceptibility to infection than control mice. This data demonstrates a critical role for TAP-dependent peptide antigen presentation and provides further evidence that class I MHC–restricted CD8+ T cells, the major T cell subset activated by this antigen processing pathway, play an essential role in immunity to tuberculosis.
Towards robust place recognition for robot localization

Localization and context interpretation are two key competences for mobile robot systems. Visual place recognition, as opposed to purely geometrical models, holds promise of higher flexibility and association of semantics to the model. Ideally, a place recognition algorithm should be robust to dynamic changes and it should perform consistently when recognizing a room (for instance a corridor) in different geographical locations. Also, it should be able to categorize places, a crucial capability for transfer of knowledge and continuous learning. In order to test the suitability of visual recognition algorithms for these tasks, this paper presents a new database, acquired in three different labs across Europe. It contains image sequences of several rooms under dynamic changes, acquired at the same time with a perspective and omnidirectional camera, mounted on a socket. We assess this new database with an appearance- based algorithm that combines local features with support vector machines through an ad-hoc kernel. Results show the effectiveness of the approach and the value of the database.
Multiple functions of human T cells generated by experimental malaria challenge

Protective immunity generated following malaria infection may be comprised of Ab or T cells against malaria Ag of different stages; however, the short‐lived immunity that is observed suggests deficiency in immune memory or regulatory activity. In this study, cellular immune responses were investigated in individuals receiving Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge by the natural (mosquito bite) route as part of a malaria vaccine efficacy trial. Parasitemia, monitored by blood film microscopy and PCR, was subsequently cleared with drugs. All individuals demonstrated stable IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐4 ex vivo ELISPOT effector responses against P. falciparum‐infected RBC (iRBC) Ag, 28 and 90 days after challenge. However, infected RBC‐specific central memory responses, as measured by IFN‐γ cultured ELISPOT, were low and unstable over time, despite CD4+ T cells being highly proliferative by CFSE dilution, and showed an inverse relationship to parasite density. In support of the observation of poor memory, co‐culture experiments showed reduced responses to common recall Ag, indicating malaria‐specific regulatory activity. This activity could not be accounted for by the expression of IL‐10, TGF‐β, FOXP3 or CTLA‐4, but proliferating T cells expressed high levels of CD95, indicating a pro‐apoptotic phenotype. Lastly, there was an inverse relationship between FOXP3 expression, when measured 10 days after challenge, and ex vivo IFN‐γ measured more than 100 days later. This study shows that malaria infection elicits specific Th1 and Th2 effector cells, but concomitant weak central memory and regulatory activity, which may help to explain the short‐lived immunity observed.
Characterization of a novel organelle in Toxoplasma gondii with similar composition and function to the plant vacuole

Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and is an important cause of congenital disease and infection in immunocompromised patients. Like most apicomplexans, T. gondii possesses several plant‐like features, such as the chloroplast‐like organelle, the apicoplast. We describe and characterize a novel organelle in T. gondii tachyzoites, which is visible by light microscopy and possesses a broad similarity to the plant vacuole. Electron tomography shows the interaction of this vacuole with other organelles. The presence of a plant‐like vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (TgVP1), a vacuolar proton ATPase, a cathepsin L‐like protease (TgCPL), an aquaporin (TgAQP1), as well as Ca2+/H+ and Na+/H+ exchange activities, supports similarity to the plant vacuole. Biochemical characterization of TgVP1 in enriched fractions shows a functional similarity to the respective plant enzyme. The organelle is a Ca2+ store and appears to have protective effects against salt stress potentially linked to its sodium transport activity. In intracellular parasites, the organelle fragments, with some markers colocalizing with the late endosomal marker, Rab7, suggesting its involvement with the endocytic pathway. Studies on the characterization of this novel organelle will be relevant to the identification of novel targets for chemotherapy against T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites as well.
Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis

The performance of the mobile phone handset antenna-chassis combination is analyzed based on an approximate decomposition of the waves on the structure into two resonant wavemodes: the antenna-element wavemode and the chassis wavemode. A double resonator equivalent circuit model is presented and used to estimate the impedance bandwidth and the respective distributions of radiation losses with typical parameter values at 900 and 1800 MHz. It is noticed that at 900 MHz, the radiation losses of the antenna element wavemode represent typically less than 10% of the total power. Thus, the antenna element works mainly as a matching element, which couples to the low-Q resonant wavemode of the chassis. At 1800 MHz, the contribution of the antenna element wavemode is larger. By enhancing the coupling and by tuning the chassis resonance, it is possible to obtain an impedance bandwidth of over 50% (6 dB return loss) at both at 900 and 1800 MHz. The results given by the equivalent circuit study are fully supported by those of three-dimensional phone-model simulations, including calculation of the SAR and efficiency values. In prototyping, the 6 dB bandwidth of 5.5% was obtained at 980 MHz with a nonradiating coupling element with a volume of 1.6 cm/sup 3/ on a 120 mm long chassis.
iMUSIC: Iterative MUSIC Algorithm for Joint Sparse Recovery with Any Rank

AbstractWe propose a robust and efﬁcient algorithm for the recovery o f the jointly sparse support in compressed sensing with multiplemeasurement vectors (the MMV problem). When the unknown matrix of the jointly sparse signals has full rank, MUSIC is aguaranteed algorithm for this problem, achieving the fundamental algebraic bound on the minimum number of measurements.We focus instead on the unfavorable but practically signiﬁc ant case of rank deﬁciency or bad conditioning. This situati on ariseswith limited number of measurements, or with highly correlated signal components. In this case MUSIC fails, and in practicenone of the existing MMV methods can consistently approach the algebraic bounds. We propose iMUSIC, which overcomes theselimitations by combining the advantages of both existing methods and MUSIC. It is a computationally efﬁcient algorithm with aperformance guarantee. I. I NTRODUCTION Compressed sensing addresses the reconstruction of a sparse signal from its linear measurements, fewer than the number ofunknowns. Algorithms and theory have been developed to solve this underdetermined inverse problem with the sparsity prioron the solution. The single measurement vector (SMV) problem corresponds to the reconstruction of a single sparse signal.The multiple measurement vectors (MMV) problem addresses the joint reconstruction of N jointly sparse signals, which sharea common support, from their N measurement vectors obtained with a common measurement matrix.Let X
Individual differences and the psychology of film preferences

A wealth of research has highlighted the importance of understanding individual differences in the uses and effects of the mass media. However, significantly less attention has been paid to the role of individual differences in the area of film use and preferences. This thesis sought to provide more insight into the area of movie consumption, whilst investigating the links between individual differences, movie- watching motives and film preferences. The thesis also sought to amalgamate some of the more common methods of analysing individual differences with a new measure, namely the Uses of Film Inventory, a self-report questionnaire which was designed to assess individual’s choices for specific genres of films. The investigation aimed to make a contribution to research in two areas. The first was within the field of individual differences research, by providing a more methodical understanding of how film preferences can be accounted for as a function of important psychological needs. The second is within the applied field of media psychology, by providing researchers with an understanding of both the uses and effects of the mass media, as well as interpretative methods in understanding consumer behaviour in film. The theoretical chapter comprised of a thorough literature review of the theoretical and methodological foundations to the scientific understanding of the psychological determinants of individual differences in film preferences. The experimental chapters explored several possibilities in which established personality traits and movie- watching motives may be linked to preferences for a variety of film genres. Overall, it was concluded that when all of the psychological measures were considered, a number of variables could account for the role in predicting movie preferences. Thus, taken as a whole, this thesis demonstrates that a number of personality variables and movie-watching motives can, to some degree, predict film preferences. However, it must also be acknowledged that although these variables are an important factor in predicting consumer choice in film, other factors must be essential. Thus, further research is essential to answer the outstanding questions generated by this relatively new field of research.
Statistical significance of some complex nucleotide combinations: a comparison of DNA models

DNA is modelled as a sequence of nucleotide runs. This model is shown to provide a more adequate description of the observed frequencies of occurrence of local homopurine-homopyrimidine mirror repeats than the second-order homogeneous Markov chain model. The procedure is described for estimating the statistical significance of the occurrence of some complex nucleotide combinations in DNA.
Amotivation in physical education

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Amotivation Inventory in Physical Education (AI-PE). In addition, the study sought to identify the relationships between students’ amotivation, physical self-concept, and teacher ratings of National Curriculum attainment levels in PE. Students (N = 510) from a secondary school in South-East England participated in the study by completing a questionnaire during their scheduled PE lesson. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the factorial validity of the four-dimensional model of amotivation. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted on a sub-sample of students with moderate to high levels of amotivation in PE (n = 164). The results showed that both physical self-concept (negatively) and attainment (positively) were predicted by students’ deficient ability beliefs. Overall, the findings support the multidimensionality of amotivation and its association with important outcomes in PE.
Meaning, Purpose, and Religiosity in at-Risk Youth: The Relationship between Anxiety and Spirituality

This study investigated the relationship between spiritual well-being and anxiety in at-risk adolescents. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, a revised version of the Allport-Ross Religious Orientation Scale, and the Social Provisions Scale were administered to 45 male and female high school students who were considered to be at-risk. The research found that the higher the spiritual well-being, existential well-being, religious well-being and intrinsic religious orientation were among males, the lower the anxiety. Only lower existential well-being was associated with lower anxiety among females. Spiritual well-being and female gender were found to be the best predictors of anxiety from the variables studied.
Emotional Intelligence: Toward a Consensus of Models and Measures

This article outlines the many different ways that emotional intelligence (EI) has been conceptualized, measured, and used from the early antecedents of emotional abilities such as facial expression research to the recent multimedia assessment paradigms. The divide between models describing EI as a character trait versus modeling EI as a form of information processing or knowledge is described, with both kinds of models evaluated based on theory and empirical evidence. It is concluded that the latter type of model, exemplified by the four-branch hierarchical model of EI, is the only logical construct to bear the label ‘EI’. Potential emendations to the way EI is currently conceptualized and measured are discussed, with this review covering emotion recognition assessments, situational judgment tests, and multimedia assessments such as the empathic agent paradigm. The article concludes with a suggested agenda for future research in the EI field.