Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instructor Behavior and Youth Physical Activity in Recreation Center Programs: The Role of Management on Improving Outcomes

Managers of recreation center youth physical activity (PA) programs are concerned with customer satisfaction. Satisfaction is determined by a sense of quality, which comes in many forms. In youth PA programs, two forms are outcomes quality (e.g., are children physically active during the program? ) and interaction quality (e.g., how do instructors interact with participants? ). To understand if instructors are creating an environment for maximum PA participation, objective measurement needs to take place; however, few recreation centers allocate resources to this endeavor. Direct observation is one of the most accurate and comprehensive ways to measure PA as it is able to capture PA, environmental and social data nonintrusively. This study used the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) to evaluate participant and instructor behaviors in recreation center PA programs. SOFIT measures lesson context (management, knowledge or motor content), instructor interactions (promoting fitness, demonstrating, instructing, managing, observing or other task), and participant PA levels (lying, sitting, standing, walking or vigorous). Of interest in this study were the relationships between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and lesson context, and MVPA and instructor interactions for children ages 3 to 14. The data analysis was conducted by age groups (i.e., 3-6 years, 6-9 years and 9-14 years). The median proportion of time spent in MVPA increased with age (overall 38%). Knowledge development and skill practice were the most often observed components, especially in the youngest age group. The oldest age group spent much more time in game play than the other groups. Instructors spent the majority of their time in general instruction and demonstration. The youngest participants received the most praise while the instructors observed the oldest participants more than the other age groups. For the middle age group, time spent in general content (transition, management, and break) and game play showed increasing effects on MVPA while the skill development showed a decreasing effect. In the oldest age group, knowledge content was a predictor of decreasing MVPA while general content was a predictor of increasing MVPA. For the oldest age group, the instructor demonstrating was a positive predictor of MVPA while the instructor observing was a negative predictor. Different lesson contexts and instructor behaviors have varying effects on MVPA in children depending on their age. Providing evidence-based objective data can inform management of the quality of programs and allow managers to provide support to the frontline staff in the creation of a better repertoire of strategies for increasing PA with children of all ages.
Baseline Needs More Love: On Simple Word-Embedding-Based Models and Associated Pooling Mechanisms

Many deep learning architectures have been proposed to model the compositionality in text sequences, requiring substantial number of parameters and expensive computations. However, there has not been a rigorous evaluation regarding the added value of sophisticated compositional functions. In this paper, we conduct a point-by-point comparative study between Simple Word-Embedding-based Models (SWEMs), consisting of parameter-free pooling operations, relative to word-embedding-based RNN/CNN models. Surprisingly, SWEMs exhibit comparable or even superior performance in the majority of cases considered. Based upon this understanding, we propose two additional pooling strategies over learned word embeddings: (i) a max-pooling operation for improved interpretability; and (ii) a hierarchical pooling operation, which preserves spatial (n-gram) information within text sequences. We present experiments on 17 datasets encompassing three tasks: (i) (long) document classification; (ii) text sequence matching; and (iii) short text tasks, including classification and tagging.
Does preoperative enteral or parenteral nutrition reduce postoperative complications in Crohn’s disease patients: a meta-analysis

Objectives Crohn’s disease (CD) patients frequently develop complications that require surgery for management. The high prevalence of malnutrition in CD patients presents a challenge because poor preoperative nutritional status has been shown to increase postoperative complications. In this study, we assessed whether preoperative enteral nutrition (EN) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) decreases postoperative complications in CD patients. Materials and methods A three-point systematic and comprehensive literature search was carried out on multiple databases followed by a meta-analysis with results presented as odds ratio (OR) using two models, the Mantel-Haenszel model and the DerSimonian and Laird model. The I2 measure of inconsistency was utilized to assess heterogeneity. If statistically significant heterogeneity was identified, the results underwent a separate sensitivity analysis. Results Five studies met inclusion criteria totaling 1111 CD patients. The rate of postoperative complications in the group receiving preoperative nutrition (EN or TPN) support was 20.0% compared with 61.3% in the group who had standard care without nutrition support [OR=0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07–0.99, P<0.001]. Postoperative complications occurred in 15.0% of patients in the group who received preoperative TPN compared with 24.4% in the group who did not (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.23–1.88, P=0.43). Postoperative complications occurred in 21.9% in the group who received preoperative EN compared with 73.2% in the group that did not received preoperative EN (OR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.13, P<0.001). Conclusion Preoperative nutrition supplementation reduces postoperative complications in CD patients. In particular, EN in CD patients before undergoing surgery is superior to standard of care without nutrition support with a number needed to treat of 2. There is a trend toward TPN being superior to standard of care without nutrition support, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. Further studies are necessary to evaluate specific components in EN or TPN that may be most beneficial for CD patients requiring surgical intervention.
A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Active Recovery Interventions on Athletic Performance of Professional-, Collegiate-, and Competitive-Level Adult Athletes.

OrtizJr, RO, Sinclair Elder, AJ, Elder, CL, and Dawes, JJ. A systematic review on the effectiveness of active recovery interventions on athletic performance of professional-, collegiate-, and competitive-level adult athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-Active recovery (AR) is a popular approach to enhancing athlete recovery from participation through physical action, and it has a perceived benefit in the recovery of athletes' enhancement of postexertional physiological status; however, it is unclear whether these recovery techniques enhance athletic performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of AR interventions conducted postexertion on athletic performance among professional, collegiate, and competitive adult athletes. Articles were collected via 4 online databases restricted to publication in English between 1998 and 2014. After the evaluation of overlap among the databases and abstract review, 150 potential eligible studies remained. Twenty-six articles involving 471 subjects remained after full analysis. The primary exclusion factor was absence of AR types of interest or measures of performance. The review resulted in a wide variety of findings indicating the vagueness in AR approach and outcome measures, making it difficult to draw specific conclusions. The review demonstrated that AR interventions lasting 6-10 minutes revealed consistently positive effects on performance. The appropriate intensity level of AR sessions was inconclusive in the literature; however, blood lactate clearance rate as a recovery marker appeared unreliable. The review suggests that there are positive psychological outcomes from AR sessions, a need to determine if AR should be individualized in its application, and weak evidence regarding the efficacy of postexercise AR, particularly relating to performance. Future research is needed for reliable and accurate markers for fatigue, physiological recovery, performance, and markers of intensity and duration for AR interventions.
SEXUAL SEGREGATION RESULTS IN DIFFERENCES IN CONTENT AND QUALITY OF BISON (BOS BISON) DIETS

Abstract We examined diets of bison (Bos bison) bulls, cows, juveniles, and calves to determine differences in quality of diets between groups. Our results showed that bulls had a significantly higher proportion of C4 grasses in their diet than cows, juveniles, or calves. Diets of calves were of higher quality than diets of bulls, cows, or juveniles. Our results provide support for the sexual dimorphism–body size hypothesis of sexual segregation in large ungulates.
Source parameter estimates of echolocation clicks from wild pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata).

Pods of the little known pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) in the northern Indian Ocean were recorded with a vertical hydrophone array connected to a digital recorder sampling at 320 kHz. Recorded clicks were directional, short (25 μs) transients with estimated source levels between 197 and 223 dB re. 1 μPa (pp). Spectra of clicks recorded close to or on the acoustic axis were bimodal with peak frequencies between 45 and 117 kHz, and with centroid frequencies between 70 and 85 kHz. The clicks share characteristics of echolocation clicks from similar sized, whistling delphinids, and have properties suited for the detection and classification of prey targeted by this odontocete.
The Utilization of Formal Physical Therapy After Shoulder Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND It is widely believed that structured rehabilitation programs by professional therapists help guide patients through the various recovery periods after shoulder arthroplasty, speeding up their recovery and improving their final functional gains. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies providing information about the current state of physical rehabilitation use after shoulder arthroplasty. OBJECTIVES To describe the variation in physical rehabilitation utilization after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and to identify differences in utilization based on type of insurance (private versus public), sex, age, and region of the country. METHODS This epidemiological retrospective database study utilized a commercially available database, PearlDiver, with longitudinal patient tracking linking all patients' Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision codes to their specific records to analyze patterns of physical rehabilitation usage after TSA and RSA in the United States. Two main patient populations were analyzed within the PearlDiver database, the Humana private insurance population and the Medicare insurance population. The period analyzed was 2010 to 2015. RESULTS There was significantly higher utilization of physical rehabilitation in the Humana population when compared to the Medicare population (P<.001, Cramer's V = 0.270). In the Humana population, 36% of patients had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits in the 6 months following their operation, while in the Medicare population, 56% of patients had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits in the same period. Those with TSA had a higher utilization rate than those with RSA in the Humana (P<.001, V = 0.104; TSA, 31% had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits; RSA, 40% had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits within 6 months) and Medicare populations (P<.001, V = 0.135; TSA, 51% had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits; RSA, 61% had 5 or fewer physical rehabilitation visits within 6 months). CONCLUSION Postoperative utilization of physical rehabilitation after anatomic TSA and RSA is markedly higher in privately insured patients than in patients with Medicare, regardless of age, sex, diagnosis, or region of country. These findings have important implications, from the individual patient's experience and outcomes to system-wide resource utilization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Economic and decision analyses, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):856-863. Epub 8 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018. 8176.
Cost-Effectiveness of Physical Fitness Training for Stroke Survivors

Background Physical fitness is impaired after stroke, yet fitness training after stroke reduces disability. Several international guidelines recommend that fitness training be incorporated as part of stroke rehabilitation. However, information about cost-effectiveness is limited. Methods A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a fitness programme for stroke survivors vs. relaxation (control group). This was based on a published randomised controlled trial, from which evidence about quality of life was used to estimate Quality Adjusted Life Years. Costs were based on the cost of the provision of group fitness classes within local community centres and a cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year was calculated. Results The results of the base case analysis found an incremental cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year of £2,343. Conclusions Physical fitness sessions after stroke are a cost-effective intervention for stroke survivors. This information will help make the case for the development of new services.
The Fusarium graminearum Histone Acetyltransferases Are Important for Morphogenesis, DON Biosynthesis, and Pathogenicity

Post-translational modifications of chromatin structure by histone acetyltransferase (HATs) play a central role in the regulation of gene expression and various biological processes in eukaryotes. Although HAT genes have been studied in many fungi, few of them have been functionally characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized four putative HATs (FgGCN5, FgRTT109, FgSAS2, FgSAS3) in the plant pathogenic ascomycete Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. We replaced the genes and all mutant strains showed reduced growth of F. graminearum. The ΔFgSAS3 and ΔFgGCN5 mutant increased sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Additionally, ΔFgSAS3 showed reduced conidia sporulation and perithecium formation. Mutant ΔFgGCN5 was unable to generate any conidia and lost its ability to form perithecia. Our data showed also that FgSAS3 and FgGCN5 are pathogenicity factors required for infecting wheat heads as well as tomato fruits. Importantly, almost no Deoxynivalenol (DON) was produced either in ΔFgSAS3 or ΔFgGCN5 mutants, which was consistent with a significant downregulation of TRI genes expression. Furthermore, we discovered for the first time that FgSAS3 is indispensable for the acetylation of histone site H3K4, while FgGCN5 is essential for the acetylation of H3K9, H3K18, and H3K27. H3K14 can be completely acetylated when FgSAS3 and FgGCN5 were both present. The RNA-seq analyses of the two mutant strains provide insight into their functions in development and metabolism. Results from this study clarify the functional divergence of HATs in F. graminearum, and may provide novel targeted strategies to control secondary metabolite expression and infections of F. graminearum.
Topology-Aware Job Scheduling Strategies for Torus Networks

Multiple sites having Cray systems with a Gemini network in a 3D torus configuration have reported inconsistent application run times as a consequence of task placement and application interference on the torus. In 2013, a collaboration between Adaptive Computing, NCSA (Blue Waters project), and Cray was begun, which includes Adaptive’s plan to incorporate topology awareness into the Moab scheduler product to mitigate this problem. In this paper, we describe the new scheduler features, tests and results that helped shape its design, and enhancements of the Topaware node selection and task placement tool that enable users to best exploit these new capabilities. We also discuss multiple alternative mitigation strategies implemented on Blue Waters that have shown success in improving application performance and consistency. These include predefined optimally-shaped groups of nodes that can be targeted by jobs, and custom modifications of the ALPS node order scheme.
Correction: Attenuation of High-Frequency (50-200 Hz) Thalamocortical EEG Rhythms by Propofol in Rats Is More Pronounced for the Thalamus than for the Cortex

Thalamocortical EEG rhythms in gamma (30-80 Hz) and high-gamma (80-200 Hz) ranges have been linked to arousal and conscious processes. To test the hypothesis that general anesthetics attenuate these rhythms, we characterized the concentration-effect relationship of propofol on the spectral power of these rhythms. In view of the ongoing debate about cortex versus thalamus as the primary site of anesthetic action for unconsciousness, we also compared the relative sensitivity of cortex and thalamus to this effect propofol.
A lab-based examination of adolescent girls’ expressed negative cognitions in response to an in vivo social stressor: Links to depressive symptoms

Observational methods were used to examine the interaction of expressed negative cognitions to an in vivo social stressor as a concurrent predictor of adolescent girls' depression. Thirty adolescent females and their close friends participated in a lab-based paradigm that involved an impromptu speech task which was designed to serve as an in vivo social stressor. Adolescents who demonstrated a tendency to make expressed negative cognitions that were global rather than specific reported higher concurrent levels of depressive symptoms. Indirect (i.e., relational and reputational) peer victimization moderated the effect of observed expressed negative cognitions and depressive symptoms, providing preliminary observational evidence in support of prior research on cognitive vulnerability-stress models. Theoretical and clinical implications of findings are discussed.
When Can Financial Education Affect Savings Behavior? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment among Low Income Clients of Branchless Banking in India

Financial literacy programs are growing in popularity, despite recent research showing no significant changes to savings behavior. We experimentally test the impact of financial literacy training on clients of a branchless banking program that offers doorstep access to banking to low income households with limited access to traditional banking. The intervention had significant impacts: attitudes toward financial planning improved and savings in the treatment group increased by 29% ($27) within a period of one year. These results suggest that financial education interventions, when paired with banking experience, can be successful in improving savings and financial capability outcomes. 1 Acknowledgements: We thank FINO PayTech for implementing this program and Prakash Lal of FINO PayTech for his support. For comments, we thank Shawn Cole, Bilal Zia, William Jack, Sigfried Zottel, Toby Linden, and numerous conference and seminar participants. For funding, we are grateful to the World Bank Russia Financial Literacy and Education Trust Fund. Finally, Mudita Tiwari, Anup Roy and Sitaram Mukherjee provided excellent research assistance through CMF, IFMR Research. All opinions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of FINO PayTech or the World Bank. 2 Calderone and Fiala: German Institute for Economic Research, DIW Berlin, Mohrenstraße 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mulaj and Sarr (corresponding author): The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A. , lsarr2@worldbank.org; Sadhu: IFMR Finance Foundation, IITM Research Park, A1, 10th Floor, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.
Rising infant mortality rates in England and Wales—we need to understand gestation specific mortality

The BMJ has covered the many legitimate concerns regarding the state of child health in the United Kingdom,12 but the reported rise in infant mortality rates from 2015 onwards3 requires a more detailed analysis before being included in this overall picture. Infant mortality rates are calculated by combining neonatal (0 to 28 days) and postneonatal (4 weeks to 1 year) mortality rates. The …
Usability of devices for self-injection: results of a formative study on a new disposable pen injector

This article presents a late-stage formative usability study of a pen-injector platform device. Such devices are used for the subcutaneous delivery of biopharmaceuticals, primarily for self-administration by the patient. The study was conducted with a broad user population, defined to represent user characteristics across a range of indications. The goals of the study were to confirm that the pen could be used without recurring patterns of use errors leading to hazardous situations, to evaluate the comprehension of the instructions for use (IFU), and to determine if training is necessary. In the study, a total of 36 participants in six groups (health care providers, caregivers, adolescents, diabetics with retinopathy, diabetics with neuropathy, and patients with arthritis) each read the IFU, prepared the device, and performed two simulated injections into an injection pad. Any use errors, near misses, or deviations from the IFU procedure were recorded. The overall success rate (injection completed by the participant without need for assistance) was 94% for the first and 100% for the second injection. Ninety-two percent of the participants reported that they felt confident using the device, 100% found the IFU helpful, and 75% found the device positively comfortable to use. Overall, a total average of 3.35 deviations and errors per user and injection were recorded (there were no near misses). Subtracting the errors without any potential for negative consequences for the injection or the user (trivial deviations), as well as those related to attaching and removing the pen needle (independent of the design of the pen itself), led to an average of 1.31 potentially relevant deviations per user and injection. It was concluded that the pen injector together with the IFU could be safely and efficiently used by all user groups without any training, and thus that the device and IFU in their current form are well suited for use in a range of specific applications.
The evolution of sexual imprinting through reinforcement *

Reinforcement is the process whereby assortative mating evolves due to selection against costly hybridization. Sexual imprinting could evolve as a mechanism of reinforcement, decreasing hybridization, or it could potentially increase hybridization in genetically purebred offspring of heterospecific social pairs. We use deterministic population genetic simulations to explore conditions under which sexual imprinting can evolve through reinforcement. We demonstrate that a sexual imprinting component of female preference can evolve as a one‐allele assortative mating mechanism by reducing the risk of hybridization, and is generally effective at causing trait divergence. However, imprinting often evolves to be a component rather than the sole determinant of female preference. The evolution of imprinting has the unexpected side effect of homogenizing existing innate preference, because the imprinted preference neutralizes any innate preference. We also find that the weight of the imprinting component may evolve to a lower value when migration and divergent selection are strong and the cost of hybridization is low; these conditions render hybridization adaptive for immigrant females because they can acquire locally adaptive genes by mating with local males. Together, these results suggest that sexual imprinting can itself evolve as part of the speciation process, and in doing so has the capacity to promote or retard divergence through complex interactions.