Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Evaluation of Subsurface Monopolar Radiofrequency for Lifting of the Face, Neck, and Jawline

BACKGROUND Subsurface monopolar radiofrequency (SMRF) has emerged as a new method for reducing skin laxity via the controlled delivery of thermal energy below the skin using a radiofrequency probe. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the overall efficacy of the treatment and satisfaction ratings of subjects who underwent a single SMRF treatment to the face, neck, or jawline (or some combination). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in which data were obtained via subject follow-ups at 90 and 180 days posttreatment. RESULTS A total of 35 subjects, 6 men and 29 women, underwent a single SMRF treatment. Overall, 77% of subjects reported improvement, and 64% reported satisfaction with the treatment site at Day 180 posttreatment. CONCLUSION Subsurface monopolar radiofrequency represents an effective modality to achieve skin tightening of the face, neck, and jawline. The data suggest that there is an energy delivery threshold, above which a higher percentage of subjects report satisfaction. Analysis of treatments parameters suggests an optimal treatment time and tissue temperature that should be achieved to maximize results.
Predator protection or similar habitat selection in red-breasted goose nesting associations: extremes along a continuum

Abstract We tested the predator protection and similar habitat hypotheses in relation to red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis , nesting associations. Geese began laying 1–3 weeks after all associated species. In almost all cases they nested on the mainland only if raptors were also present and always followed raptors when they changed eyries between years. They selected peregrines, Falco peregrinus , and snowy owls, Nyctea scandiaca , as associates in preference to rough-legged buzzards, Buteo lagopus , even though the latter were several times more abundant along river corridors. Nest defence experiments with a surrogate Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus , showed that this could be explained by differences in nest defence intensity, rather than habitat types selected. Similar experiments also suggested that gulls were much less aggressive than owls or falcons. Foxes rarely approached, and were easily repelled from goose colonies associated with owls and peregrines, but gulls were apparently incapable of repelling foxes. Breeding success was much higher for geese nesting with raptors than for those on islands and geese apparently preferred to nest with owls in peak lemming years than to remain on islands. These findings support the hypothesis that red-breasted geese actively choose to nest near raptors; however, they probably associate with gulls primarily because both species select fox-free islands. Compared with other studies, red-breasted geese nesting with raptors and on islands apparently represent two extremes in a continuum of nesting associations generally seen in birds. We discuss why the behaviour might have evolved and argue that this may be the only known bird species whose evolution has been facilitated primarily by the exploitation of the nest defence behaviour of aggressive raptorial hosts. Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resistance to DDT in an Urban Setting: Common Mechanisms Implicated in Both M and S Forms of Anopheles gambiae in the City of Yaoundé Cameroon

Background In the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon malaria is predominately transmitted by the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae and both are resistant to the pyrethroid insecticides and DDT. Mutations in the target site of these insecticides, present at a high frequency in malaria vectors in this city, contribute to this resistance profile. To identify additional resistance mechanisms, the expression profile of multiple DDT-resistant field populations of M and S molecular forms was compared to laboratory-susceptible populations. Methodology/Principal findings The prevalence of DDT resistance was highest in the S form population originating from the cultivated site of Nkolondom (mortality after WHO bioassay = 4%). A high prevalence of DDT resistance was also found in two urban M form populations, Messa from a pristine unpolluted environment (DDT mortality = 54%), and Gare, where the breeding sites are heavily polluted with organic matter (DDT mortality = 38%). Microarray analysis showed that several transcripts coding for detoxification enzymes (P450s, GSTs and UDPGTs) and ABC transporters were upregulated in the three populations. Despite the presence of multiple detoxification genes over expressed in the DDT-resistant subset of these field populations, only three were commonly over expressed in resistant populations from all three environments. Two of these genes, CYP6M2 and GSTD1-6, encode enzymes that have been previously shown to metabolize DDT. Conclusion/Significance Analogous to target site resistance, genes involved in metabolic resistance to DDT are also shared between the M and S forms of An gambiae. Alternative explanations for this occurrence are explored.
Toward Comprehensible Software Fault Prediction Models Using Bayesian Network Classifiers

Software testing is a crucial activity during software development and fault prediction models assist practitioners herein by providing an upfront identification of faulty software code by drawing upon the machine learning literature. While especially the Naive Bayes classifier is often applied in this regard, citing predictive performance and comprehensibility as its major strengths, a number of alternative Bayesian algorithms that boost the possibility of constructing simpler networks with fewer nodes and arcs remain unexplored. This study contributes to the literature by considering 15 different Bayesian Network (BN) classifiers and comparing them to other popular machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the applicability of the Markov blanket principle for feature selection, which is a natural extension to BN theory, is investigated. The results, both in terms of the AUC and the recently introduced H-measure, are rigorously tested using the statistical framework of Demšar. It is concluded that simple and comprehensible networks with less nodes can be constructed using BN classifiers other than the Naive Bayes classifier. Furthermore, it is found that the aspects of comprehensibility and predictive performance need to be balanced out, and also the development context is an item which should be taken into account during model selection.
Do Students Distinguish Between Different Types of Performance Goals?

The authors tested whether multiple components of a performance goal were differentiated by a group of Korean middle school students (N = 239). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the normative and outcome components as well as the approach and avoidance components correlated too highly to be considered independent. A 2-factor model with a mastery goal and a performance goal most parsimoniously illustrated students’ achievement goal responses. In structural equation modeling, these 2 achievement goals functioned as conduits between perceived learning contexts and preference for course difficulty. Mastery goals were predicted positively by perceptions of school mastery goal structures and negatively by perceived importance of ability for academic success. Performance goals were positively predicted by perceptions of both school mastery and school performance goal structures with the latter demonstrating substantially stronger predictive power. Mastery goals in turn positively predicted preference for challenging courses, whereas performance goals positively predicted preference for easy courses.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Does gender really matter?

Background: Limited data is available on the clinical expression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from India. The impact of gender on expression of COPD has received even less attention. Apart from tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution, especially from biomass fuel may play an important role in development of COPD in women. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and two patients of COPD were studied regarding the etiological and risk factors leading to COPD, gender-related differences in clinical presentation, radiological expression of COPD and the co-morbidities in COPD. Results: Tobacco smoke in the form of beedi smoking was the predominant smoke exposure in males, whereas smoke from biofuel burning was the predominant exposure in females. As compared to males, females were younger, reported more dyspnea, more severe bronchial obstruction, more exacerbations, and exhibited higher prevalence of systemic features. Also, females smoked less and had lesser incidence of productive cough, lower body mass index, lesser co-morbidities and less number of hospital admissions as compared to males. Males were more likely than females to have an emphysema-predominant phenotype, while airway-predominant disease was more common among females. Conclusion: The current study shows that gender-related differences do exist in COPD patients. Understanding these differences in etiological agent and clinical picture will help early diagnosis of COPD in females.
The Virtual 3D Reconstruction of the East Pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia – Presentation of an Interactive CD-ROM

The paper gives an overview of a two-years project concerning a major monument of ancient Greek art and presents the interactive, bilingual (English/Hungarian) CD-ROM, which is intended to summarize and visualize its final results. The presented project approaches a century-old controversy in a new way by producing a virtual 3D reconstruction of a monumental marble group. Digital models of the statues were produced by scanning the original fragments and by reconstructing them virtually. The virtual model of the pediment surrounding the sculptures was prepared on the basis of the latest architectural studies and afterwards the reconstructed models were inserted in this frame, in order to test the technical feasibility and aesthetic effects the four possible arrangements. The resulting models enable easy and very instructive experimentation, which would be otherwise impossible with the originals and/or very expensive and not very practicable with traditional tools (e.g. real-size plaster models). The complete model can effectively be used to verify the results of earlier or more recent reconstructions presented only in simple drawings. In addition, the 3D models of the individual fragments can be used for further research and for visualization. The documentary CD-ROM presenting the full background, the methods and the conclusions of the project contains beside a comprehensive text various kinds of supporting documents (images, 3D models, papers, broadcasts, audiovisual material). It is addressed to a mixed audience: a picture gallery, a short documentary movie some other attachments including a selected bibliography is intended for the general public, but scholarly publications, presentations on related problems are also included for specialists interested in certain details.
Employability and Career Success: The Need for Comprehensive Definitions of Career Success

In their focal article, Hogan, Chamorro-Premuzic, and Kaiser (2013) define career success objectively “in terms of occupational prestige and financial attainment. ” However, it is clear from the careers literature that workers in early, mid, and late career are likely to define both subjective and objective career success differently (Wang, Olson, & Shultz, 2013). Therefore, we recommend an expanded definition of career success that includes both subjective and objective measures when exploring the relationship between employability and career success across individuals' careers.
The Photoevaporation of Dwarf Galaxies during Reionization

During the period of reionization, the universe was filled with a cosmological background of ionizing radiation. By that time a significant fraction of the cosmic gas had already been incorporated into collapsed galactic halos with virial temperatures ≲104 K that were unable to cool efficiently. We show that photoionization of this gas by the fresh cosmic UV background boiled the gas out of the gravitational potential wells of its host halos. We calculate the photoionization heating of gas inside spherically symmetric dark matter halos and assume that gas that is heated above its virial temperature is expelled. In popular cold dark matter models, the Press-Schechter halo abundance implies that ~50%-90% of the collapsed gas was evaporated at reionization. The gas originated from halos below a threshold circular velocity of ~10-15 km s-1. The resulting outflows from the dwarf galaxy population at redshifts z = 5-10 affected the metallicity and the thermal and hydrodynamic states of the surrounding intergalactic medium. Our results suggest that stellar systems with a velocity dispersion ≲10 km s-1, such as globular clusters or the dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group, did not form directly through cosmological collapse at high redshifts.
Persons with Serious Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: Background, Prevalence, and Principles of Care

This article describes the major factors that have led to the criminalization of persons with serious mental illness (PSMIs), and it presents several core principles for improving the care of PSMIs in the criminal justice system. These principles include mental health training for criminal justice staff, pretrial diversion projects, coordinated services for criminally involved PSMIs, integrated treatment for PSMIs with co-occurring disorders, aftercare linkage for PSMIs released from jails and prisons, continuous care models with single-point access to services for PSMIs with lengthy records of hospitalization and arrest, and more and better research on PSMIs involved in the criminal justice system.
Cathepsin S Activity Controls Injury-Related Vascular Repair in Mice via the TLR2-Mediated p38MAPK and PI3K−Akt/p-HDAC6 Signaling Pathway

Objective—Cathepsin S (CatS) participates in atherogenesis through several putative mechanisms. The ability of cathepsins to modify histone tail is likely to contribute to stem cell development. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is required in modulating the proliferation and migration of various types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the cross talk between CatS and HADC6 in injury-related vascular repair in mice. Approach and Results—Ligation injury to the carotid artery in mice increased the CatS expression, and CatS-deficient mice showed reduced neointimal formation in injured arteries. CatS deficiency decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 and toll-like receptor 2 expression in ligated arteries. The genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CatS also alleviated the increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition and Akt inhibition decreased the phospho-HDAC6 levels. Moreover, CatS inhibition caused decrease in the levels of the HDAC6 activity in VSMCs in response to platelet-derived growth factor BB. The HDAC6 inhibitor tubastatin A downregulated platelet-derived growth factor–induced VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas HDAC6 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Tubastatin A also decreased the intimal VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in response to injury. Toll-like receptor 2 silencing decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, and HDAC6 and VSMC migration and proliferation. Conclusions—This is the first report detailing cross-interaction between toll-like receptor 2–mediated CatS and HDAC6 during injury-related vascular repair. These data suggest that CatS/HDAC6 could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of vascular diseases that are involved in neointimal lesion formation.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with profound lymphopenia and abnormal T‐lymphocyte subset ratios during treatment for early‐stage breast carcinoma

Two women with Stage II breast carcinoma treated with lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Neither woman had evidence of immunosuppression before therapy. They both had profound lymphopenia, reversed CD4/CD8 ratios, and normal peripheral blood total leukocyte counts at the time of their infections. Both women were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and had no risk factors for such an infection. The patients' CD4 lymphocyte counts increased after chemotherapy for breast carcinoma was discontinued. Thus, it appears that the therapy they received may have caused severe T‐lymphocyte mediated immunosuppression.
New developments in the pharmacologic treatment of schizoaffective disorder.

BACKGROUND Schizoaffective disorder is a common, chronic, and frequently disabling psychiatric disorder. However, the pharmacologic treatment of this disorder has not been well studied. METHOD The authors reviewed the available literature regarding the acute and prophylactic pharmacologic treatment of schizoaffective disorder RESULTS Fourteen controlled studies, and only 10 using modern criteria to define the disorder, reported on the efficacy of typical antipsychotics, thymoleptics, or the combination in the acute treatment of schizoaffective disorder. In acute treatment studies of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type (manic), typical antipsychotics and lithium were comparable in efficacy except in agitated patients for whom antipsychotics were superior. The combination of lithium and antipsychotics appeared to be superior to antipsychotics alone in this patient subtype. In the only controlled study of the acute treatment of schizoaffective disorder, depressive type, combined treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants was not superior to treatment with antipsychotics alone. CONCLUSION Although combination treatment with antipsychotics and thymoleptics is common practice in the prophylactic management of schizoaffective disorder, the efficacy of this strategy has not been studied in controlled trials. Recent preliminary data from open trials suggest that the mood stabilizers valproate and carbamazepine and the novel antipsychotics clozapine and risperidone may be promising new treatments for schizoaffective disorder. Evidence implicating 5-HT2 receptor blockade as an important mechanism underlying possible thymoleptic activity for clozapine and risperidone is also reviewed.
Training generative neural networks via Maximum Mean Discrepancy optimization

We consider training a deep neural network to generate samples from an unknown distribution given i.i. d. data. We frame learning as an optimization minimizing a two-sample test statistic—informally speaking, a good generator network produces samples that cause a two-sample test to fail to reject the null hypothesis. As our two-sample test statistic, we use an unbiased estimate of the maximum mean discrepancy, which is the centerpiece of the nonparametric kernel two-sample test proposed by Gretton et al. [2]. We compare to the adversarial nets framework introduced by Goodfellow et al. [1], in which learning is a two-player game between a generator network and an adversarial discriminator network, both trained to outwit the other. From this perspective, the MMD statistic plays the role of the discriminator. In addition to empirical comparisons, we prove bounds on the generalization error incurred by optimizing the empirical MMD.
The Politics of English, Language and Uptake: The Case of International Academic Journal Article Reviews.

Drawing on 95 text histories from a longitudinal project on writing for publication in 4 national contexts, this article analyses the language ideologies enacted in referees’ and editors’ comments on articles submitted for publication in English-medium ‘international’ journals. It considers how orientations to ‘English’, ‘language’ and ‘language work’ are enacted in practices of reviewer uptake and the consequences of such practices for knowledge production, evaluation and circulation. In exploring evaluation practices, the article problematizes three foundational categories in applied linguistics: (1) The treating of English as a single stable semiotic resource over which the ‘native’ speaker is attributed a privileged evaluative position; (2) The overriding transparency approach to language and communication; (3) The focus on production as distinct from uptake.
Accounting for Agency

Children are increasingly described as agents and agency is important to arguments for children’s rights and participation. Yet agency is rarely defined or theorised in childhood studies. This article reviews common uses and meanings of agency and argues that critical, social conceptualisations have yet to be extensively taken up in childhood studies but offer much to the field. Based on the work of Giddens, his critics and feminist theory, I propose a model of agency that is more ambivalent than that usually presented in childhood studies. Given the conventional emphasis of agency on articulation, rationality and strategy, a failure to incorporate a critical, embodied, engendered, material account of agency into childhood studies risks reinscribing a model in which privileged children will be accorded more agency than those who do not display rationality and choice in conventional ways.
Changing conceptions of health and life course concepts

Health as a social concept is very important in medical sociology. More complicated conceptions of health as a multi-dimensional concept have emphasized not only physical health status, but aspects of overall well-being. This article continues in the tradition of a multi-dimensional concept of health, but adds in the complexity of variation over the life course. As people age, chronic health problems become more common. Mobility and sensory limitations also increase. How does this impact how people view their health? How do more complicated understandings of the life course and variation by social factors link to an expanded model of health. This literature review article covers material on concepts of health and life course concepts. The concluding portions of the article focus on the need to improve measurement, to incorporate diversity related to social factors such as gender and race, and to incorporate a broader understanding of health problems into conceptions of health across the life course.