Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do prepositional phrases fit into compositional syntax and semantics?

This paper deals with some general topics in the analysis of spatial prepositions, static as well as directional ones. Though the basic conceptual notions such as 'location', 'path', 'goal' are quite familiar to most readers, the foundations for a compositional semantics of spatial expressions are still controversial. In this study an attempt is made to approach the analysis by looking into the interaction of the conceptual, the semantic, and the syntactic properties of prepositions. In addition, the interaction of prepositional phrases with location verbs and with placement verbs is investigated. 1. Some background assumptions 1.1. In dealing with prepositional phrases both semantically and syntactically, I assume as strong a lexicalist position as possible. In particular I consider prepositions (as well as verbs and nouns) as lexical units which project their properties onto a local domain of syntactic structure, that is, as determining both the internal structure of this domain and the possibilities of interlocking with other domains. As usual, the local domain projected by a preposition is called a prepositional phrase. 1.2. Following recent work of Bierwisch and Lang (1987, 1989), I consider semantic form (SF) and conceptual structure (CS) to be distinct in
The paternal effect of chromosome translocation carriers observed from meiotic segregation in embryos.

BACKGROUND Human translocation carriers may present alterations in meiosis. Understanding the mechanism of meiotic segregation of reciprocal translocations is important for estimation of the risk of either pregnancy loss or birth defects. The objective of this work was to estimate meiotic segregation rates in preimplantation embryos from preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles of female and male reciprocal translocation carriers. METHODS In 20 cycles for 14 couples, PGD was performed on 118 day three embryos using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific probes for each translocation. The meiotic segregation modes and the effect of the paternal origin of translocated carrier were estimated. RESULTS Overall, the proportions of alternate segregation for normal or balanced chromosome contents in preimplantation embryos from PGD cycles in reciprocal male and female carriers were not significantly different (35.5 versus 23.8%). However, the frequencies of adjacent-1 and adjacent-2 segregation were lower in embryos from female reciprocal translocation carriers than from male carriers. For male translocations, alternate segregation was the most frequent mode. The proportion of 3:1 segregation was the most frequent in female translocations carriers. CONCLUSIONS We report differences in segregation modes in embryos obtained from PGD cycles according to the gender of reciprocal translocation carrier. However, these differences did not affect the proportion of balanced embryos and the take home baby rate. The analysis of the meiotic behaviour of chromosomes and the differences between the meiotic products of female and male for a chromosomal rearrangement could help predict the outcome of PGD for translocation carriers.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Adaptive Dynamics

Adaptive dynamics is a mathematical framework for studying evolution. It extends evolutionary game theory to account for more realistic ecological dynamics and it can incorporate both frequency- and density-dependent selection. This is a practical guide to adaptive dynamics that aims to illustrate how the methodology can be applied to the study of specific systems. The theory is presented in detail for a single, monomorphic, asexually reproducing population. We explain the necessary terminology to understand the basic arguments in models based on adaptive dynamics, including invasion fitness, the selection gradient, pairwise invasibility plots (PIP), evolutionarily singular strategies, and the canonical equation. The presentation is supported with a worked-out example of evolution of arrival times in migratory birds. We show how the adaptive dynamics methodology can be extended to study evolution in polymorphic populations using trait evolution plots (TEPs). We give an overview of literature that generalises adaptive dynamics techniques to other scenarios, such as sexual, diploid populations, and spatially-structured populations. We conclude by discussing how adaptive dynamics relates to evolutionary game theory and how adaptive-dynamics techniques can be used in speciation research.
EFFECTS OF TEMPORAL JUDGMENT ON SOURCE MONITORING AND RESPONSE BIAS

Our goal was to investigate the effects of temporal judgment on source monitoring and response bias for imagined and perceived drawings. We separated the learning sessions into two days (Day 1 and Day 2) and collected the Day 2 source of each item. The results show that among participants who viewed perceived drawings on Day 1 and imagined items on Day 2, the likelihood of attributing the test items to the perceived drawings category increased with increased repetition of the perceived items. However, when an item was perceived in the learning phase, even if items were imagined repeatedly, the "imagined" responses did not interfere with the rate of "perceived" responses. Furthermore, when an "unknown" response category was included, the response bias of "imagined" decreased, but the response bias of "perceived" did not.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Type 1 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Human Tissues1

Two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) catalyze the interconversion of hormonally active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Activity and messenger ribonucleic acid studies indicate that type 1 11βHSD (11βHSD1) is expressed in glucocorticoid target tissues such as liver, gonad, and cerebellum, where it regulates the exposure of cortisol to glucocorticoid receptors. To further understand the role of 11βHSD1 in human tissues, we have studied the localization of this isozyme using an antibody raised in sheep against amino acids 19–33 of human 11βHSD1. Western blot analyses indicated that the immunopurified antibody recognized a band of approximately 34 kDa in human liver and decidua. Immunoperoxidase studies on liver, adrenal, ovary, decidua, and adipose tissue indicated positive cytoplasmic staining for 11βHSD1. 11βHSD1 immunoreactivity was observed more intensely around the hepatic central vein, with no staining around the portal vein, hepatic artery, or bile ducts. No staining for 11βHSD1 w.
Circadian rhythm of rectal temperature during sleep deprivation with modafinil.

BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation (SD) induces many adverse psychological and physiological effects, particularly on vigilance and the thermoregulatory system. The drug modafinil appears to suppress or diminish the harmful effects on vigilance. However, the effects of modafinil combined with SD on the circadian rhythm of core temperature are not well established. HYPOTHESIS We studied the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature (CRTre) during 62 h of SD alone or with three dosage levels of modafinil. METHODS Six men underwent repeated SD experiments lasting 7 d each, including a 24-h control period, 62 h of SD, and a 24-h recovery period. Experiments were repeated four times in mixed order for placebo and three levels of modafinil (50, 150, or 300 mg x 24 h(-1)). The Tre was recorded each minute throughout the experiment and the CRTre was studied by the single cosinor method. RESULTS Independent of modafinil, SD increased the mesor (p < 0.05) and reduced the amplitude (p < 0.01) of the CRTre without changing the acrophase. During the recovery period, a rebound increase was seen in the amplitude of the CRTre (p < 0.01). The 50 mg x 24 h(-1) dose of modafinil, but not the higher doses, induced a lower mesor (p < 0.01) independent of SD. CONCLUSIONS The observed changes may reflect a threshold for the central action of modafinil on core temperature. The hyperthermic effect reported in the literature for SD with modafinil may actually result from the sleep deprivation alone.
The Influence of Ethnicity and Sex on Social Penetration in Close Friendships

Social penetration theory (Altman and Taylor, 1973) is one of the frameworks used to explain the process of relationship development. According to Altman and Taylor, disclosure plays a central role in interpersonal intimacy, with relationships viewed as developing from more superficial exchanges of information to more personal levels of interactions. This process involves greater frequency of communication (breadth of penetration) and increasingly more intimate disclosures (depth of penetration). Altman and Taylor further suggest that relationships tend to pass through four stages of development: orientation, exploratory affective exchange, full affective exchange, and stable exchange; with orientation having the least degree of social penetration and stable exchange having the broadest and deepest disclosure pattern. ' A number of studies have been conducted that support the basic tenets of social penetration theory (e.g., Altman and Haythorn, 1965; Taylor, 1968; Won-Doornink, 1979, 1985), however, no study has examined the effects of ethnicity on social penetration in close friendships (Altman and Taylor's,
The Development of English and Mathematics Self-Efficacy: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis

ABSTRACT Empirical research has provided evidence supporting the validation and prediction of 4 major sources of self-efficacy: enactive performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional states. Other research studies have also attested to the importance and potency of self-efficacy in academic learning and achievement. Despite this emphasis, very few, if any, research has explored the impact of the 4 sources of information on self-efficacy from a developmental perspective. The author used latent growth modeling to explore the impact of the 4 sources of information on self-efficacy over 4 occasions. This methodological approach, similar to recent studies (Caprara et al., 2008), is significant, as it allowed the author to trace the developmental trajectories of elementary school children's self-efficacy beliefs in English and mathematics over time. Three hundred and thirty-nine 3rd- and 4th-grade students (147 girls, 192 boys) took part in this study. Two Likert-type inventories were administered and the data collected were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS AMOS 18. Causal modeling analyses indicated that children's self-efficacy for English and mathematics learning increased over time. Furthermore, of the 4 informational sources, enactive performance accomplishments associated closely with the growth of change of English and mathematics self-efficacy beliefs. Children's emotional states also associated negatively with the growth of change of mathematics self-efficacy. Enactive performance accomplishments and verbal persuasion associated positively with the initial levels of English and mathematics self-efficacy. Finally, the results provide methodological support for the psychometric properties of the inventories used.
Itinéraires acquisitionnels et stades de développement en français L2

Abstract in French Nous proposons ici des stades de developpement du francais acquis par les adultes suedophones, formules comme profils grammaticaux d'apprenants a des niveaux differents. Cette proposition se fonde sur les resultats empiriques des travaux menes au sein de deux projets differents sur l'acquisition du francais L2 des apprenants suedophones. A partir d'itineraires acquisitionnels nous proposons six stades, qui s'etendent des debuts de l'acquisition jusqu'a la production d'apprenants quasi-natifs. Ces itineraires, et les stades que nous essayons d'en deduire, refletent l'acquisition du francais de l'apprenant suedophone, dans des situations orales spontanees ou elle/il doit avoir recours a ses connaissances automatiques. Le cadre de cette etude est donc descriptif et empirique. Un objectif ulterieur est de servir de base a une evaluation du niveau grammatical d'un certain apprenant a un moment donne.
Conditioning to magnetic direction in the Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)

SUMMARY The ability of ducks to derive magnetic direction information was tested in a conditioned procedure and the functional properties of the mechanism of magnetoreception investigated using common manipulations. Twelve ducks were trained to find a hidden imprinting stimulus behind one of three screens in a round arena. Once a criterion was reached, the directional choices of ducks were recorded in four treatments presented in a random order, separated with rewarded training trials to avoid extinction. In tests in the geomagnetic field, ducks preferred the screen in the training direction (P=0.005). In the crucial tests of magnetic orientation with the magnetic field experimentally shifted by 120 deg, ducks showed a significant difference in the choice for the correct magnetic direction between treatments (P=0.002). More specifically, they chose the correct magnetic direction more often than expected by chance (P=0.03), indicating that they were deriving directional information from the magnetic field. Ducks also chose the correct magnetic direction more often than expected by chance in tests with the shifted field after the upper bill was anaesthetised with lignocaine (P=0.05) or when the right eye was covered (P=0.005), indicating that these manipulations did not impair the ability to choose the correct magnetic direction. Thus, Pekin ducks can be conditioned to magnetic directions, and the results are consistent with the hypothesis that magnetic orientation is based on a chemical magnetoreception mechanism that is not restricted to the right eye.
Is There an "Academic Vocabulary"?

This article considers the notion of academic vocabulary: the assumption that students of English for academic purposes (EAP) should study a core of high frequency words because they are common in an English academic register. We examine the value of the term by using Coxhead's (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) to explore the distribution of its 570 word families in a corpus of 3.3 million words from a range of academic disciplines and genres. The findings suggest that although the AWL covers 10.6% of the corpus, individual lexical items on the list often occur and behave in different ways across disciplines in terms of range, frequency, collocation, and meaning. This result suggests that the AWL might not be as general as it was intended to be and, more importantly, questions the widely held assumption that students need a single core vocabulary for academic study. We argue that the different practices and discourses of disciplinary communities undermine the usefulness of such lists and recommend that teachers help students develop a more restricted, discipline-based lexical repertoire.
Examining the Precollege Attributes and Values of Latina/o Bachelor's Degree Attainers

This article focuses on understanding successful Latina/o college student retention at 4-year institutions. Deficit models fail to consider how Latina/o students use different forms of capital (i.e., social, cultural, economic, and human) in earning a degree. Using data from the UCLA's Cooperative Institutional Research Program, factors associated with Latina/o degree attainment within 6 years were investigated. This article will be of interest to educators and policy makers committed to increasing college access and retention for Latina/o students. Este manuscrito se aboca a comprener la retención exitosa de estudiantes universitarios latinos en instituciones de cuatro años. Modelos negativos fallan en considerar como estudiantes latinos usan formas diferentes de capital (por ejemplo capital social, cultural, económico y humano) para obtener su grado académico. Usando información del Programa de Investigación de Cooperación Institucional de la Universidad de California en Los Ángeles, los factores asociados con el logro académico en seis años fueron investigados. Este manuscrito será de interés para educadores e instituciones gubernamentales comprometidas a aumentar el acceso y la retención universitaria de estudiantes latinos.
Exploring Relationships Between Optimism, Perceived Health Vulnerability, and Parental Attachment Among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Cancer

Purpose: This exploratory study assessed adolescent and young adult (AYA) and parent perceptions of optimism, health vulnerability, and parental attachment (trust, alienation, and communication), and interrelations among these variables, in families with a history of pediatric cancer. Patients and Methods: Forty-one AYAs (20 males, 21 females, mean (M)age=16.66 years, standard deviation (SD)age=2.99) who were at least 6 months post-cancer treatment (Mtime=6.43 years, SD=5.14; Mage at diagnosis=8.64 years, SD=5.51) and their parents (76% female) completed questionnaires. Results: Paired sample t-tests indicated AYAs felt less attached to their parents than parents perceived their child to be. AYAs perceived greater alienation and poorer communication than parents reported. AYA-reported health vulnerability was marginally higher than parents' ratings. Parent-AYA dyads rated optimism and trust similarly. Using hierarchical regressions, parents' perceptions of AYA trust significantly contributed to AYA-report.
RANTES expression and contribution to monocyte chemotaxis in arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by recruitment of leukocytes from the vasculature into inflamed synovial tissue (ST) and synovial fluid (SF), which depends, in part, upon the continued maintenance of chemotactic stimuli. RANTES is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes including monocytes and CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the production, the source, and the function of antigenic RANTES in arthritis. We detected antigenic RANTES in SFs from RA and OA patients (100 +/- 22.7 and 72 +/- 30.7 pg/ml, respectively). CM from RA ST fibroblasts stimulated with interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha contained significantly more antigenic RANTES than unstimulated CM (452 +/- 181.6 and 581 +/- 200.2 pg/ml, respectively, versus 12 +/- 4.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05). PHA-stimulated RA SF mononuclear cells secreted 5- to 15-fold more antigenic RANTES than did nonstimulated mononuclear cells, while LPS induced secretion up to 4-fold. We immunolocalized antigenic RANTES to sublining macrophages (28 +/- 3.7 and 8 +/- 2.0% immunopositive cells), perivascular macrophages (56 +/- 6.9 and 19 +/- 3.4%), and synovial lining cells (37 +/- 5.8 and 60 +/- 10.4%) in RA and OA tissue, respectively. Anti-RANTES neutralized 20.2 +/- 1.3% of the RA SF chemotactic activity for normal peripheral blood monocytes (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate antigenic RANTES in RA and OA ST and SF and identify RANTES as a chemoattractant for monocytes in the RA joint.
Neurogenesis of the cat's primary visual cortex

The 3H‐thymidine method of birth‐dating was used to determine when the cells belonging to each of the principal cellular layers of the cat's primary visual cortex are generated. In order to detect systematic differences in the position of radioactively labeled cells following 3H‐thymidine administration at different prenatal ages, a geometric method was devised to represent the distribution of labeled cells in the form of depth histograms. Results show that visual cortical neurogenesis occurs largely during the second half of gestation between embryonic day 31 (E31) and E57. Cells of layer 6 are generated early, between E31 and E38, whereas cells destined for successively more superficial layers are generated at progressively later times. Layer 4 cells, the principal targets of geniculocortical afferents, are generated between E37 and E44. In addition, a special population of cells embedded in the white matter below layer 6 was found to be produced throughout the week‐long period immediately prior to the onset of layer 6 neurogenesis. Overall, this radial pattern of cortical neurogenesis closely resembles the inside‐first, outside‐last, spatiotemporal sequence of development described for the monkey's primary visual cortex (Rakic, '74).
Artistic Choices: A Study of Teachers Who Use the Arts in the Classroom

In recent years the arts have been introduced into many pre-service and in-service professional development programs for general education teachers. At the same time, pressure for immediate test-score improvement and standardization of curriculum has limited the creativity and autonomy of teachers. This study, the qualitative part of a mixed-methods investigation of teachers across the U.S., involved six New York City elementary school teachers who found ways to use the arts in their classrooms on a regular basis despite the pressures they faced. The study investigated the personal characteristics and the factors that supported or constrained arts use in teaching. The results suggest that general creative and artistic attitudes rather than specific skills as a maker of art are key to arts use. A willingness to push boundaries and take risks defined this group of teachers. They recognized obstacles and challenges to arts use, but made choices that helped them maintain a sense of independence and creativity in teaching. The strongest motivation to use the arts use was their awareness of the diversity of learning styles and needs among their students. The teachers articulated a variety of ways in which arts-based professional development experiences encouraged them to bring their creativity into the classroom, expand their teaching repertoire, and find effective ways to incorporate the arts in the academic curriculum.
ACTR/AIB1 Functions as an E2F1 Coactivator To Promote Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Antiestrogen Resistance

ABSTRACT Overexpression or amplification of ACTR (also named AIB1, RAC3, p/CIP, TRAM-1, and SRC-3), a member of the p160 family of coactivators for nuclear hormone receptors, has been frequently detected in multiple types of human tumors, including breast cancer. However, its role in cancer cell proliferation and the underlying mechanism are unclear. Here, we show that overexpression of ACTR not only enhances estrogen-stimulated cell proliferation but also, more strikingly, completely negates the cell cycle arrest effect by tamoxifen and pure antiestrogens. Unexpectedly, we found that ACTR directly interacts, through its N-terminal domain, with E2F1 and is recruited to E2F target gene promoters. Elevation of ACTR in quiescent cells strongly stimulates the transcription of a subset of E2F-responsive genes that are associated with the G1/S transition. We also demonstrated, by adenovirus vector-mediated RNA interference, that ACTR is required for E2F1-mediated gene expression and the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells. Moreover, the ability of elevated ACTR to promote estrogen-independent cell proliferation depends on the function of E2F1 and the association between ACTR and E2F1, but not ER. Thus, our results reveal an essential role of ACTR in control of breast cancer cell proliferation and implicate the ACTR-E2F1 pathway as a novel mechanism in antiestrogen resistance.
A Novel Near-Transparent ASK-Reconfigurable Inkjet-Printed Chipless RFID Tag

The design of a novel chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, which is inkjet-printed on a polyimide substrate, is presented. It is shown that a silver nanoparticles-based ink can be combined with a resistive organic ink to create a tag having a “near-transparent” configuration. By adding some transparent elements, we obtain various electromagnetic responses for tags visually similar. The tag is composed of three dual-rhombic loop resonators for a total size of 7 × 4 cm2. It operates within the ultrawideband frequency range of 3-6 GHz. The resistive properties of the organic ink enable the implementation of a novel coding technique based on amplitude shift keying. Simulation and measurement results validate the concept and the novel coding technique.