Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutual perceptions and images in Japanese-German relations, 1860-2010

List of illustrations Preface - Volker Stanzel Acknowledgments Notes to Readers Introduction: Japanese-German Mutual Images from the 1860s to the Present - Sven Saaler Part I: Early Encounters 1. Prussia or North Germany? The Image of "Germany" During the Prusso-Japanese Treaty Negotiations in 1860-1861 - Fukuoka Mariko 2. Japanese-German Mutual Perceptions in the 1860s and 1870s: The Eulenburg and Bunkyu Missions - Suzuki Naoko 3. The Image of Prussia in Japan during the Boshin War (1868-1869) - Hakoishi Hiroshi Part II: Perceptions of a "Golden Age" of Japanese-German Relations 4. Katsura Taro's Experiences in Germany and Kido Takayoshi's Ideas on a Constitution - Kato Yoko 5. The Image of Japan and the Japanese in the German Satirical Journals Kladderadatsch and Simplicissimus, 1853-1914 - Rolf-Harald Wippich 6. Images of Japan Held by German Legal Experts in the Meiji Period - Heinrich Menkhaus 7. Japan in Early Twentieth-century European Picture Postcards - Peter Pantzer Part III: Drifting Apart: Tensions and War 8. The Image of Germany in Japanese Politics and Society, 1890-1914 - Sven Saaler 9. Rathenau and Ludendorff: Two Japanese Images of Germany in World War I - Kudo Akira 10. Images of Japan and East Asia in German Politics in the Early Nazi Era - Tajima Nobuo Part IV: Idealization of "The Other" in the Age of Totalitarianism 11. "Strength Through Joy" in Japan: Mutual Perceptions of Leisure Movements in Germany and Japan, 1935-1942 - Tano Daisuke 12. Images of German-Japanese Similarities and Affinities in National-Socialist Germany (1933-1945) - Hans-Joachim Bieber 13. German Perspectives on Japanese Heroism During the Nazi Era - Gerhard Krebs 14. Colonialism Through the Mirror: Japan in the Eyes of the SS and the German Conservative Resistance - Danny Orbach Part V: Post-war Images 15. Images of Japan in Post-war German Media: How the "Past" is Used to Reinforce Images of Self and Other - Kawakita Atsuko 16. The Consumption of Nazi Images in Post-war Japanese Popular Culture -Sato Takumi 17 German and European Academic Images of Japan: The "Group Model" and the "Cultural Importer Model" from the 1970s to the 1990s - Iwasa Takuro Contributors Index
Understanding the experience of PhD students who received coaching: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

ABSTRACT Coaching psychology first emerged in Australia and the UK [Grant, A. (2008). Past, present and future: The evolution of professional coaching and coaching psychology: Handbook of coaching psychology: A guide for practitioners. London: Routledge] and it is now applied in different industries including the educational contexts [van Nieuwerburgh, C. (2012). Coaching in education (1st ed.). London: Karnac Books]. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to explore the potential value of coaching for PhD students. This study adapted a qualitative approach using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of PhD students who received coaching. IPA aimed to understand and explore this particular experience in depth [Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkins, M. (2009). Interpretive phenomenological analysis (1st ed.). London: Sage]. The sample consisted of six PhD students who participated in four individual coaching sessions. The semi-structured interviews were conducted after the participants received coaching in order to collect the data. After that, interviews were analysed and two categories and six themes emerged: Intrapersonal (feeling motivated, effect of coaching on self-confidence, made me think, and resourcefulness) and Interpersonal (being supported and having someone to talk to). While further studies of the application of coaching to support PhD students are still needed, this study indicates that coaching might have positive effects on PhD students.
Design and evaluation of an automotive integrated system module

Power electronic systems that are implemented in the automotive environment are expected to operate under harsh electrical and thermal conditions while achieving high power densities. One example of such a power electronic system is the bi-directional 14/42 V DC/DC converter that is utilized in the dual voltage networks of ultra modern vehicles. This paper presents the design and implementation of such an automotive converter as an integrated system module (ISM). The presented prototype achieves a high power density (120 W/in/sup 3/) within the automotive environment while using the engine liquid coolant having a maximum temperature of up to 125 /spl deg/C for cooling. The complete power conversion system is implemented in the ISM requiring dedicated thermal management structures for all the components, both active and passive. An overview of the design and evaluation of the automotive ISM, as well as the implementation of the novel thermal management concept required for the passive components is presented and supported with practical results.
Racial and Socioeconomic Gaps in Executive Function Skills in Early Elementary School

This brief leverages the first ever nationally representative data set with a direct assessment of elementary school-aged children’s executive function skills to examine racial and socioeconomic gaps in performance. The analysis reveals large gaps in measures of working memory and cognitive flexibility, the two components of executive function included in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011), based on racial group membership and socioeconomic status. Children’s initial gaps on entry into kindergarten in executive function measures are generally lower than gaps in measures of math and reading achievement. Furthermore, as children progress to the end of second grade, gaps in executive function skills commonly narrow for Black and Hispanic students as well as each socioeconomic status quintile. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Treatment Options for Primary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Short Comprehensive Review

Until now, treatment of primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia of the warm type (wAIHA) is primarily based on immunosuppression. However, many patients do not respond adequately to treatment, and treated patients may develop severe side effects due to uncontrolled, mixed and/or long-lasting immunosuppression. Unfortunately, the newly used therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are unspecific and remain frequently ineffective. Thus, development of a specific therapy for AIHA is necessary. The ideal therapy would be the identification and elimination of the causative origin of autoimmunization and/or the correction or reprogramming of the dysregulated immune components. Blood transfusion is the most rapidly effective measure for patients who develop or may develop hypoxic anemia. Although some effort has been made to guide physicians on how to adequately treat patients with AIHA, a number of individual aspects should be considered prior to treatment. Based on my serological and clinical experience and the analysis of evidence-based studies, we remain far from any optimized therapeutic measures for all AIHA patients. Today, the old standard therapy using controlled steroid administration, with or without azathioprine or cyclophosphamide, is, when complemented with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, still the most effective therapy in wAIHA. Rituximab or other monoclonal antibodies may be used instead of splenectomy in therapy-refractory patients.
Infectious disease, shifting climates, and opportunistic predators: cumulative factors potentially impacting wild salmon declines

Emerging diseases are impacting animals under high‐density culture, yet few studies assess their importance to wild populations. Microparasites selected for enhanced virulence in culture settings should be less successful maintaining infectivity in wild populations, as once the host dies, there are limited opportunities to infect new individuals. Instead, moderately virulent microparasites persisting for long periods across multiple environments are of greatest concern. Evolved resistance to endemic microparasites may reduce susceptibilities, but as barriers to microparasite distributions are weakened, and environments become more stressful, unexposed populations may be impacted and pathogenicity enhanced. We provide an overview of the evolutionary and ecological impacts of infectious diseases in wild salmon and suggest ways in which modern technologies can elucidate the microparasites of greatest potential import. We present four case studies that resolve microparasite impacts on adult salmon migration success, impact of river warming on microparasite replication, and infection status on susceptibility to predation. Future health of wild salmon must be considered in a holistic context that includes the cumulative or synergistic impacts of multiple stressors. These approaches will identify populations at greatest risk, critically needed to manage and potentially ameliorate the shifts in current or future trajectories of wild populations.
The Effect of Science Learning Integrated with Local Potential of Wood Carving and Pottery Towards the Junior High School Students' Critical Thinking Skills

This study aims to analyze the influence of science learning integrated with the local potential of wood carving and pottery to the critical thinking skill of class VIII SMP students. This research is a quasi-experimental research (quasi-experiment). The research design uses pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is the students of class VIII MTs Negeri Piyungan, while the sample is the students of class VIII A and VIII B MTs Negeri Piyungan. The technique of collecting data in this research is in the form of test. The data collection instrument is a critical thinking skill descriptive test. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The results of this study indicate that the learning of science integrated with the local potency of wood carving and pottery have an effect on critical thinking skill of class VIII SMP student. This effect is indicated by a significance of 0.008 (significance <0.05).
A Reservoir of Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria in Asymptomatic Hosts

The population genetics of pathogenic bacteria has been intensively studied in order to understand the spread of disease and the evolution of virulence and drug resistance. However, much less attention has been paid to bacterial carriage populations, which inhabit hosts without producing disease. Since new virulent strains that cause disease can be recruited from the carriage population of bacteria, our understanding of infectious disease is seriously incomplete without knowledge on the population structure of pathogenic bacteria living in an asymptomatic host. We report the first extensive survey of the abundance and diversity of a human pathogen in asymptomatic animal hosts. We have found that asymptomatic swine from livestock productions frequently carry populations of Salmonella enterica with a broad range of drug-resistant strains and genetic diversity greatly exceeding that previously described. This study shows how agricultural practice and human intervention may lead and influence the evolution of a hidden reservoir of pathogens, with important implications for human health.
Lifetime Estrogen Exposure, COMT Genotype, and Cognition in Postmenopausal Women

In the future, it may be possible to slow the change in cognition associated with menopause. First, we must understand the mechanism with which different biological processes interact in order to slow this decline at the source. An important gene that plays a role in cognition and aging is the gene for catechol-o-methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that degrades dopamine in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Different genotypes cause expression of varying amounts of the enzyme intended to degrade dopamine in the synapse. When estrogen is present in the system, transcription of COMT is inhibited. The cognitive effect of the interaction between lifetime estrogen exposure and COMT was examined in 65 healthy postmenopausal women. In this study, we tested episodic and working memory, which are associated with PFC functioning. The subjects were genotyped for the COMT SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism). An index of lifetime estrogen exposure (ILEE) was created that incorporated reproductive period (menarche to menopause), total duration of breast-feeding, total time on hormonal therapy, and time since menopause. We found that in working memory and episodic memory measures, the effects of ILEE on cognition depended on the COMT genotype. This study showed that cognition in women with the lower dopaminergic baseline gene, Val/Val, benefitted from lifetime estrogen exposure. However, cognition in women with the higher baseline dopamine gene, Met/Met, was negatively affected by lifetime estrogen. Women with the Met/Val gene were not as impacted by lifetime estrogen. These results suggest that the COMT gene should be taken into account when considering exogenous estrogen to modulate the decline of cognition
Mechanism of Action and Initial, In Vitro SAR of an Inhibitor of the Shigella flexneri Virulence Regulator VirF

Shigella spp. are among the main causative agents of acute diarrheal illness and claim more than 1 million lives per year worldwide. There are multiple bacterial genes that control the pathogenesis of Shigella, but the virF gene may be the most important. This gene, located on the primary pathogenicity island of Shigella, encodes VirF, an AraC-family transcriptional activator that is responsible for initiating the pathogenesis cycle in Shigella. We have previously shown that it is possible to attenuate the virulence of Shigella flexneri via small molecule inhibition of VirF. In this study, we probed the mechanism of action of our small molecule inhibitors of VirF. To enable these studies, we have developed a homologous and efficient expression and purification system for VirF and have optimized two different in vitro VirF-DNA binding assays. We have determined that one of our HTS hit compounds inhibits VirF binding to DNA with a calculated K i similar to the effective doses seen in our transcriptional activation and virulence screens. This is consistent with inhibition of DNA binding as the mechanism of action of this hit compound. We have also screened 15 commercially sourced analogs of this compound and deduced an initial SAR from the approximately 100-fold range in activities. Our four other HTS hit compounds do not inhibit DNA binding and yet they do block VirF activity. This suggests that multiple agents with different molecular mechanisms of inhibition of VirF could be developed. Pursuing hits with different mechanisms of action could be a powerful approach to enhance activity and to circumvent resistance that could develop to any one of these agents.
Computer-Mediated Communication Conflict Management in Groups that Work in Two Different Communication Contexts : Face-To-Face and

can be found at: Small Group Research Additional services and information for http://sgr.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://sgr.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://sgr.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/33/5/481 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 36 articles hosted on the Citations
University of Birmingham Goal Striving, Coping, and Well-Being: A Prospective Investigation of the Self-Concordance Model in Sport

Developing upon cross-sectional research (Smith, Ntoumanis, & Duda, 2007) supporting the self-concordance model (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) as a framework for contextual goal striving, the current study investigated the assumptions of the model in relation to season-long goal striving in sport. The study additionally examined the role of coping strategies in the persistence of goal-directed effort. Structural equation modeling analysis with a sample of 97 British athletes indicated that start-of-season autonomous goal motives were linked to midseason effort, which subsequently predicted end-of-season goal attainment. Attainment was positively related to changes in psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, predicted changes in emotional well-being. In a second model, autonomous and controlled motives positively predicted task-and disengagement-oriented coping strategies, respectively. In turn, these strategies were differentially associated with effort. The findings provide support for contextual adaptations of the self-concordance model and demonstrate the role of coping strategies in the goal striving process.
Highly Efficient In Vitro Reparative Behaviour of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured with Standardised Platelet Lysate Supplementation

Dental pulp is an accessible source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The perspective role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in regenerative medicine demands an in vitro expansion and in vivo delivery which must deal with the safety issues about animal serum, usually required in cell culture practice. Human platelet lysate (PL) contains autologous growth factors and has been considered as valuable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell cultures. The optimum concentration to be added of such supplement is highly dependent on its preparation whose variability limits comparability of results. By in vitro experiments, we aimed to evaluate a standardised formulation of pooled PL. A low selected concentration of PL (1%) was able to support the growth and maintain the viability of the DPSCs. The use of PL in cell cultures did not impair cell surface signature typically expressed by MSCs and even upregulated the transcription of Sox2. Interestingly, DPSCs cultured in presence of PL exhibited a higher healing rate after injury and are less susceptible to toxicity mediated by exogenous H2O2 than those cultured with FBS. Moreover, PL addition was shown as a suitable option for protocols promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Taken together, our results indicated that PL is a valid substitute of FBS to culture and differentiate DPSCs for clinical-grade use.
Load Concentration Factor Based Analytical Method for Optimal Placement of Multiple Distribution Generators for Loss Minimization and Voltage Profile Improvement

This paper presents novel separate methods for finding optimal locations, sizes of multiple distributed generators (DGs) simultaneously and operational power factor in order to minimize power loss and improve the voltage profile in the distribution system. A load concentration factor (LCF) is introduced to select the optimal location(s) for DG placement. Exact loss formula based analytical expressions are derived for calculating the optimal sizes of any number of DGs simultaneously. Since neither optimizing the location nor optimizing the size is done iteratively, like existing methods do, the simulation time is reduced considerably. The exhaustive method is used to find the operational power factor, and it is shown with the results that the losses are further reduced and voltage profile is improved by operating the DGs at operational power factor. Results for power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement in IEEE 37 and 119 node radial distribution systems are presented and compared with the the loss sensitivity factor (LSF) method, improved analytical (IA) and exhaustive load flow method (ELF). The comparison for operational power factor and other power factors is also presented.
Developing Preservice Teachers’ Instructional Design Skills Through Case-Based Instruction: Examining the Impact of Discussion Format

For more than 100 years, case-based instruction (CBI) has been an effective instructional method for building problem-solving skills in learners. While class discussion is often included as part of the CBI learning process, the impact on learning is unclear. Furthermore, little research has focused on how specific facilitation strategies influence the development of learners’ problem-solving skills. This study examined the impact of case discussion facilitation strategies on the development of preservice teachers’ problem-solving skills. Specifically, two discussion formats were compared: instructor-facilitated (class discussions guided by instructor-crafted prompts and an active facilitator) and instructor-supported (discussions guided by instructor-crafted prompts only). Results indicated that while preservice teachers’ problem-solving skills improved in both sections of the course, individuals in the instructor-facilitated section demonstrated significantly higher scores on course activities and designed instructional activities at higher cognitive levels compared with preservice teachers who participated in the instructor-supported discussions. Results underscore the importance of an active facilitator in CBI.
The impact of death on consumer responses to celebrity endorser misbehavior

A well-established stream of research on celebrity misbehavior suggests that negative information may have an adverse effect on an endorsed brand because of its association with a celebrity considered as blameworthy. However, the present research calls into question the generalizability of these results to fatal misbehaviors (i.e., misbehaviors that lead to the celebrity's death). Indeed, after death, a celebrity may gain spiritual meanings, and consumers may find it more difficult to blame a sacred individual. As such, the current article investigates the impact of a celebrity's death on blame attribution and consumer attitudes in the context of celebrity endorser misbehavior. The results of three experiments uncover that death favors a partial blame attribution transfer from the celebrity endorser to the brand, but only when the misbehavior implies a product related to the brand. In addition, the findings reveal a positive effect of death through celebrity sacredness on brand attitude.
Searching for Learner-Centered, Constructivist, and Sociocultural Components of Collaborative Educational Learning Tools

strategies and tools must be based on some theory of learning and cognition. Of course, crafting well-articulated views that clearly answer the major epistemological questions of human learning has exercised psychologists and educators for centuries. What is a mind? What does it mean to know something? How is our knowledge represented and manifested? Many educators prefer an eclectic approach, selecting “principles and techniques from the many theoretical perspectives in much the same way we might select international dishes from a smorgasbord, choosing those we like best and ending up with a meal which represents no nationality exclusively and a design technology based on no single theoretical base” (Bednar et al., 1995, p. 100). It is certainly the case that research within collaborative educational learning tools has drawn upon behavioral, cognitive information processing, humanistic, and sociocultural theory, among others, for inspiration and justification. Problems arise, however, when tools developed in the service of one epistemology, say cognitive information processing, are integrated within instructional systems designed to promote learning goals inconsistent with it. When concepts, strategies, and tools are abstracted from the theoretical viewpoint that spawned them, they are too often stripped of meaning and utility. In this chapter, we embed our discussion in learner-centered, constructivist, and sociocultural perspectives on collaborative technology, with a bias toward the third. The principles of these perspectives, in fact, provide the theoretical rationale for much of the research and ideas presented in this book. 2