Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fast multipole BEM for low-frequency acoustic problems based on degenerate boundary formulation

The fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM), which is an efficient BEM with the use of the fast multipole method (FMM), is known to have instability at low frequencies when the well-known diagonal form for translation of multipole/local coefficients is employed. To overcome this problem, we have already developed a low-frequency FMBEM (LF-FMBEM), which is based on the original multipole expansion theory with translation techniques proposed by Gumerov and Duraiswami for avoiding the low-frequency instability. In the present paper, the degenerate boundary formulation, which is often referred to as the dual BEM, is discussed in the framework of the LF-FMBEM. The degenerate boundary formulation enables not only analyzing degenerate boundary models which have unknowns on both sides of the boundaries, but also avoiding well-known fictitious eigenfrequency difficulties for exterior problems. A concrete computational procedure of the LF-FMBEM based on the degenerate boundary formulation is described in details, which results in O(N) operation counts and memory requirements. The computational accuracy and efficiency are validated through numerical experiments. Moreover, practically appropriate numerical settings on truncation numbers for multipole/local expansion coefficients and the lowest level for the hierarchical cell structure used in the FMM are investigated. Numerical results and computational efficiency of the LF-FMBEM are compared with those of the high-frequency FMBEM (HF-FMBEM), in which the diagonal form is employed.
ON THE FOOD OF BRYDE ' S WHALES CAUGHT IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEANS

A total of 225 Bryde's whales was caught in the Coral Sea, South Pacific and southwestern Indian Oceans during the 1976/77 Antarctic season under the scheme of special permission (Figs. lA-B), and their stomach contents along with feeding conditions in terms of the state ofrepletion were examined. In the South Pacific regions 75% of animals was found to be repleted with under various state whereas it was 46. 7% in the animals caught in the temperate Indian Ocean. (Tables lA-B). The occurrence of fully repleted animal during the daytime suggests that there seems to exist a considerable availability of whales food even in the pelagic waters over the tropics (Tables 2A-B). The stomach contents were solely comprised of three species of euphausiids : Euphausia diomedeae, Euphausia recurva and Thysanoessa gregaria. There found to exist a possible differences in the fashion of geographical distributions among those euphausiid species as whales food (Table 3). Both E. diomedeae and E. recurva occurred dominantly over the whaling regions in question with monospecific or mingled composition whereas Th. gregaria alone was completely absent from the Indian Ocean animals.
Metabolic Derangements Contribute to Reduced sRAGE Isoforms in Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease

Although there is evidence for metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligand S100B have not been characterized. sRAGE is an important mediator in disease as it can act as a ligand decoy for RAGE and attenuate downstream inflammatory signaling. Cognitively healthy elderly and AD participants with and without type 2 diabetes (n = 135) were stratified according to the clinical dementia rating (CDR; 0 = normal cognition (NC); ≥0.5 = AD). Total serum sRAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), and S100B were assayed via ELISAs, and cleaved RAGE (cRAGE) and the cRAGE : esRAGE ratio were calculated. cRAGE : esRAGE was lower in AD compared to NC (p < 0.05). Metabolic substratifications were used to investigate the factors that influence sRAGE pathology in AD. Stratification by BMI classification, median fat mass, median HOMA-IR, median insulin, and median amylin were all metabolic or anthropometric factors which significantly interacted with sRAGE profiles within AD subjects. There were no significant differences in serum S100B between groups. These characterizations of sRAGE contribute evidence to the link between impaired metabolism and cognitive decline due to AD.
COER HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING COMPETITION: MODELING THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A FLOATING BODY USING THE WEC-SIM AND FAST SIMULATION TOOLS

The Center for Ocean Energy Research (COER) at the University of Maynooth in Ireland organized a hydrodynamic modeling competition in conjunction with OMAE2015. Researchers were challenged to predict the dynamic response of a floating rigid-body device that was experimentally tested in a series of wave-tank tests. Specifically, COER set up a blind competition, where the device specifications and test conditions were released, but the experimental results were kept private until all competition participants submitted their numerical simulation results.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories entered the competition and modeled the experimental device using both the WEC-Sim and FAST numerical modeling tools. This paper describes the numerical methods used to model the device and presents the numerical modeling results. The numerical results are also compared to the experimental results provided by COER at the completion of the competition. © 2015 ASME
Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: an early systematic review

Background. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a relatively novel form of psychotherapy that was developed for people who have mental health problems primarily linked to high shame and self-criticism. The aim of this early systematic review was to draw together the current research evidence of the effectiveness of CFT as a psychotherapeutic intervention, and to provide recommendations that may inform the development of further trials. Method. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken to systematically identify literature relating to the effectiveness of CFT as a psychotherapeutic intervention. Reference lists of key journals were hand searched and contact with experts in the field was made to identify unpublished data. Results. Fourteen studies were included in the review, including three randomized controlled studies. The findings from the included studies were, in the most part, favourable to CFT, and in particular seemed to be effective for people who were high in self-criticism. Conclusions. CFT shows promise as an intervention for mood disorders, particularly those high in self-criticism. However, more large-scale, high-quality trials are needed before it can be considered evidence-based practice. The review highlights issues from the current evidence that may be used to inform such trials.
Demonstration of Ozone Impacts on Crop Species in the San Joaquin Valley : Open Top Chambers

The San Joaquin Valley exceeds state and federal air quality standards for ozone. Agricultural interests are politically and socially important, yet despite documented crop damage and yield loss due to ozone, this segment of the population has been less supportive of air quality regulatory activity than others. A research and demonstration project was designed to increase recognition of ozone symptoms in crops of the ozone problem in general. The object was to increase participation in air quality improvement initiatives. Plants were exposed in Open Top Chambers and a web site was developed for non-specialist and specialist adults, and for children. Visits, site tours and other activities were hosted at the University of California Kearney Agricultural Center in Parlier. Research activity provided demonstration materials. Outreach was limited during the period of the project as economic pressures cancelled many tours and air quality regulatory issues contentious. Useful outreach materials and a continuing physical and web-based presence were established. As this program was concluding, a similar program for children, Orchard Odyssey, is under development, using materials and initiatives of this program. Future air quality demonstration should be housed in a greenhouse to allow year round demonstration, and should continue to incorporate a research component.
Identification and structure elucidation of the pro‐resolving mediators provides novel leads for resolution pharmacology

Inflammatory diseases are a major socio‐economic burden, with the incidence of such conditions on the rise, especially in western societies. For decades, the primary treatment paradigm for many of these conditions was to develop drugs that inhibit or antagonize the production and biological actions of molecules that were thought to be the culprits in propagating disease; these include cytokines and eicosanoids. This approach is effective in controlling disease propagation; however, long‐term exposure to these anti‐inflammatories is also associated with many side effects, some of which are severe, including immune‐suppression. The discovery that termination of self‐limited acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by endogenous mediators, including the essential fatty acid‐derived resolvins, protectins and maresins, has provided novel opportunities for the design of therapeutics that control inflammation with a lower burden of side effects. This is because at variance to anti‐inflammatories, pro‐resolving mediators do not completely inhibit inflammatory responses; instead, these mediators reprogramme the immune response to accelerate the termination of inflammation, facilitating the regain of function. The scope of this review is to highlight the biological actions of these autacoids and their potential utility as lead compounds in developing resolution pharmacology‐based therapeutics.
Aeolian tones generated by a square cylinder with a splitter plate

The generation of aeolian tones by the interaction of a low Reynolds number, low Mach number flow with a rigid square cylinder attached to a rigid thin flat plate is numerically investigated. When the length of the plate is varied from L = 0:5D to 6D, where D is the side length of the square cylinder, the results can be grouped into three distinct regimes. For the first regime (L . D), the aoelian tone levels decrease with increasing plate length. For the second regime (2D . L . 4D), the aeolian tone levels are always higher than the single square cylinder case and they increase with increasing plate length. For the third regime (5D . L . 6D), the levels of the aeolian tones decrease as the length of the plate increases but the levels are higher than the other regimes. These acoustic results can be explained in terms of the fluid mechanics occuring in the near wake of the cylinder.
Fatigue Fracture of Neat and Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene: Effect of Frequency and Material Orientation

The influence of glass fibers content and testing conditions (frequency and mean load) on the fatigue crack propagation rate in injection molded neat and fiber reinforced polypropylene has been investigated. The resistance to fatigue crack propagation increases as the fiber volume fraction increases. The fatigue resistance of either neat and fiber reinforced polypropylene is tremendously dependent on the crack propagation direction, with higher values for crack propagating transversely to the melt flow direction in the molded plaques. A dramatic increase of the crack growth rate per cycle by decreasing frequency, at any given crack length was found for all the materials investigated. Analysis of data obtained at various frequencies and applied mean loads suggests that crack propagation is determined mostly by viscoelastic creep processes at the crack tip, the role of pure fatigue appearing quite secondary.
Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanoring Linked Graphene Sheets: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation

The effects of CNR diameter and CNR number on tensile properties of the CNR-graphene hybrid structure (CGHS) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation in this paper. Results show that interactions between adjacent graphene sheets are significantly strengthened by the cross-linked CNRs. For CGHSs, the maximum strength is ~64.0 GPa and the maximum Young’s modulus strength is ~763 GPa. When the diameter of CNRs is large or the CNR linkers are dense, the tensile strength of CGHSs reached the maximum and the fracture mechanism of CGHSs changed from CNR-graphene junction fracture to graphene sheet fracture. Present work should serve as guide to experiments concerning physical properties of this novel material.
Estimating free-living human energy expenditure: Practical aspects of the doubly labeled water method and its applications

The accuracy and noninvasive nature of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method makes it ideal for the study of human energy metabolism in free-living conditions. However, the DLW method is not always practical in many developing and Asian countries because of the high costs of isotopes and equipment for isotope analysis as well as the expertise required for analysis. This review provides information about the theoretical background and practical aspects of the DLW method, including optimal dose, basic protocols of two- and multiple-point approaches, experimental procedures, and isotopic analysis. We also introduce applications of DLW data, such as determining the equations of estimated energy requirement and validation studies of energy intake.
Edinburgh’s Phrase-based Machine Translation Systems for WMT-14

This paper describes the University of Edinburgh’s (UEDIN) phrase-based submissions to the translation and medical translation shared tasks of the 2014 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT). We participated in all language pairs. We have improved upon our 2013 system by i) using generalized representations, specifically automatic word clusters for translations out of English, ii) using unsupervised character-based models to translate unknown words in RussianEnglish and Hindi-English pairs, iii) synthesizing Hindi data from closely-related Urdu data, and iv) building huge language on the common crawl corpus.
Uterine Artery Flow and Offspring Growth in Long-Evans Rats following Maternal Exposure to Ozone during Implantation

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that increased ozone exposure during gestation may compromise fetal growth. In particular, the implantation stage of pregnancy is considered a key window of susceptibility for this outcome. Objectives: The main goals of this study were to investigate the effects of short-term ozone inhalation during implantation on fetal growth outcomes and to explore the potential for alterations in uterine arterial flow as a contributing mechanism. Methods: Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to filtered air, 0.4 ppm ozone, or 0.8 ppm ozone for 4 h/d during implantation, on gestation days (GD) 5 and 6. Tail cuff blood pressure and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound were measured on GD 15, 19, and 21. To assess whether peri-implantation ozone exposure resulted in sustained pulmonary or systemic health effects, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum metabolic and inflammatory end points, and kidney histopathology were evaluated in dams at GD 21. Growth parameters assessed in GD 21 offspring included fetal weight, length, and body composition. Results: Measures of maternal uterine arterial flow, including resistance index and mean velocity, indicated that resistance increased between GD 15 and GD 21 in 0.8 ppm dams but decreased in controls, although absolute values were similar in both groups on GD 21. Ozone-exposed dams also had lower serum glucose and higher free fatty acid concentrations than controls on GD 21. On GD 21, both male and female offspring had lower body weight than controls, and pooled subsets of 3 male and 3 female fetuses from litters exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone had lower lean mass and fat mass than pooled control offspring. Conclusions: Findings from our experimental model suggest that the offspring of dams exposed to ozone during implantation had reduced growth compared with controls, possibly as a consequence of ozone-induced vascular dysfunction. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2019
Diagnosis code assignment: models and evaluation metrics

Background and objective The volume of healthcare data is growing rapidly with the adoption of health information technology. We focus on automated ICD9 code assignment from discharge summary content and methods for evaluating such assignments. Methods We study ICD9 diagnosis codes and discharge summaries from the publicly available Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) repository. We experiment with two coding approaches: one that treats each ICD9 code independently of each other (flat classifier), and one that leverages the hierarchical nature of ICD9 codes into its modeling (hierarchy-based classifier). We propose novel evaluation metrics, which reflect the distances among gold-standard and predicted codes and their locations in the ICD9 tree. Experimental setup, code for modeling, and evaluation scripts are made available to the research community. Results The hierarchy-based classifier outperforms the flat classifier with F-measures of 39.5% and 27.6%, respectively, when trained on 20 533 documents and tested on 2282 documents. While recall is improved at the expense of precision, our novel evaluation metrics show a more refined assessment: for instance, the hierarchy-based classifier identifies the correct sub-tree of gold-standard codes more often than the flat classifier. Error analysis reveals that gold-standard codes are not perfect, and as such the recall and precision are likely underestimated. Conclusions Hierarchy-based classification yields better ICD9 coding than flat classification for MIMIC patients. Automated ICD9 coding is an example of a task for which data and tools can be shared and for which the research community can work together to build on shared models and advance the state of the art.
Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach Robotic Thyroidectomy: Introduction and Update

Bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) endoscopic thyroidectomy was introduced at Seoul National University Hospital in 2004, and it has been used to treat a variety of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. In 2008, we began using the da Vinci robotic system with BABA endoscopic thyroidectomy and reported our initial experiences in 2009. Since then, the outcomes of many clinical studies have been reported. In this chapter, we will introduce the BABA robotic thyroidectomy (RoT) procedure and review evidence for the safety of performing BABA. First, we will introduce the history of BABA RoT, which is based on an endoscopic BABA method. Second, we will review the BABA RoT equipment, operating room (OR) setup, and the procedures, including surgical indications. Third, technical, oncological, and func- tional evidence for the safety of performing BABA will be described. Fourth, we will highlight the esthetic superiority of BABA RoT compared with conventional thyroidectomy. Finally, the BABA robotic modified radical neck dissection procedure will be introduced, with mention of our experiences and special concerns. We conclude that BABA RoT is technically, oncologi- cally, and functionally safe. In addition, its esthetic superiority should be emphasized. Further research on the prognosis of patients treated by BABA RoT should follow in the future. This study is the first report to systematically analyze the surgical completeness of BABA RoT and OT. Statistical techniques applied to improve comparison of the two groups; there-fore, this was a meaningful attempt to overcome the limits of a retrospective study design.
Hubbard-to-Heisenberg crossover (and efficient computation) of Drude weights at low temperatures

We illustrate how finite-temperature charge and thermal Drude weights of one-dimensional systems can be obtained from the relaxation of initial states featuring global (left–right) gradients in the chemical potential or temperature. The approach is tested for spinless interacting fermions as well as for the Fermi-Hubbard model, and the behavior in the vicinity of special points (such as half filling or isotropic chains) is discussed. We present technical details on how to implement the calculation in practice using the density matrix renormalization group and show that the non-equilibrium dynamics is often less demanding to simulate numerically and features simpler finite-time transients than the corresponding linear response current correlators; thus, new parameter regimes can become accessible. As an application, we determine the thermal Drude weight of the Hubbard model for temperatures T which are an order of magnitude smaller than those reached in the equilibrium approach. This allows us to demonstrate that at low T and half filling, thermal transport is successively governed by spin excitations and described quantitatively by the Bethe ansatz Drude weight of the Heisenberg chain.
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Garlic and Asafoetida Essential Oils Against West Nile Virus Vectors

Abstract We examined the chemical composition of garlic and asafoetida essential oils and their individual and combined toxicity against larvae of Culex pipiens Linnaeus and Culex restuans Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae). The effect of the two essential oils on egg hatch was also examined. Ten and 12 compounds, respectively, were identified in garlic and asafoetida essential oils. Allyl disulfide (49.13%) and diallyl trisulfide (31.08%) were the most abundant compounds in garlic essential oil accounting for 80.2% of the total oil. In contrast, (E)-sec-butyl propenyl disulfide (30.03%), (Z)-sec-butyl propenyl disulfide (24.32%), and disulfide, methyl 1-(methylthio)propyl (21.87%) were the most abundant compounds in asafoetida essential oil. Allyl disulfide accounted for 7.38% of the total oil in asafoetida essential oil and was one of only three compounds found in both oils. For both mosquito species, garlic essential oil was more toxic than asafoetida essential oil with Cx. restuans (LC50: garlic = 2.7 ppm; asafoetida = 10.1 ppm) being more sensitive than Cx. pipiens (LC50: garlic = 7.5 ppm; asafoetida = 13.5 ppm). When combined, the two essential oils had antagonistic effects. The majority of Culex egg rafts exposed to garlic (73.1%) or asafoetida (55.8%) essential oils failed to hatch and larvae of the few that did hatch mostly died as first instars. Allyl disulfide exhibited strong ovicidal and larvicidal activity suggesting its important contribution to the overall toxicity of the two essential oils. Thus, garlic and asafoetida essential oils are potent mosquito ovicides and larvicides but if used jointly, they could undermine vector control programs.