Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can the delivery method influence lower urinary tract symptoms triggered by the first pregnancy?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The increase of the intensity of urinary symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum has been well documented by several authors, but their causes remain uncertain, partly because of its probable multifactor origin. There are also controversies whether the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms during pregnancy is the same as postpartum and whether the method of delivery could influence the risk of onset of urinary symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary symptoms triggered during pregnancy and its evolution in the late puerperium, correlating them with the delivery method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted, which included 75 primigravidae women, classified according to method of delivery as: (VD) vaginal delivery with right mediolateral episiotomy (n = 28); (CS) elective caesarean section (n = 26); and (EC) emergency caesarean section (n = 21). Urinary symptoms were assessed in the last trimester of pregnancy and at 45 days (± 10) of puerperium with validated versions for Portuguese language of the following questionnaires: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB). RESULTS It was observed that frequency, urgency, nocturia and urge incontinence, triggered during pregnancy, decreased significantly in the postpartum period, regardless of the delivery method (p = 0.0001). However, symptoms related to urinary loss due to stress persisted after vaginal delivery (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Urgency, frequency and nocturia triggered during pregnancy tend to disappear in the late postpartum period, regardless of the delivery method, but the symptoms related to urinary loss due to stress tend to persist in late postpartum period after vaginal delivery.
An Examination of the Fiscal Impact from Youth Involvement in the Sex Trade: The Case for Evaluating Priorities in Prevention

Youth engagement in sex-trade activities leads to a significant demand on public resources absorbed into the treatment of drug and alcohol addictions, the criminal justice and health systems, income assistance, and housing support. Based on interviews with transitioned sex-trade workers, we estimate a series of fiscal cost comparisons on the demand for public services over the period of engagement in sex-trade activities and following the transition into mainstream society. The findings of this study reveal that the government easily recoups its annual funding to a prevention strategy designed to dissuade entry into this lifestyle, if even a few youth are prevented from engaging in prostitution. Given the fact that there are approximately 400-600 street-based youth sex-trade workers in the City of Winnipeg, these cost assessments have implications of paramount importance for evaluating the priorities of public policy on investments in prevention programs.
Monopolistic Competition, Multiproduct Firms and Product Diversity

This paper has two objectives. First, it presents a linear model of monopolistic competition in which weak strategic interactions among single-product firms are allowed for. Second, it extends this model to the case of multiproduct firms, thus showing how product diversity is affect by strong strategic interactions among oligopolists. In our setting, monopolistic competition with single-product firms is a good approximation of oligopolistic competition with multiproduct firms either when varieties are sufficiently differentiated or when scope economies are low.
The paradox of a marketing planning capability

Strategy scholars have long debated the value of formal planning, and research has offered inconsistent support for planning to enhance firm performance. Given these mixed empirical effects, we draw from the resource-based view of the firm to illustrate a paradox firms may face. In particular, a strong marketing planning capability may not only reduce the incidence of postplan improvisation but also contain inherent process rigidity. Since both of these can also increase performance, results illustrate a performance paradox in marketing planning.
Implications from Under-reporting at Lifetime, Death Certificate Notifications and Trace-back on the Recorded Incidence of a “Newly” Established Population-based Cancer Registry

Summary Objectives: Population-based cancer registries (CRs) are powerful tools for measuring cancer burden and progress against cancer. The study’s objective was to investigate the effects of under-reporting at lifetime, death certificate notifications, and trace-back on the incidence a newly established population-based CR may record during its initial 15 years of operation. Methods: Using cancer data of nine CRs of the SEER programme we performed model calculations to investigate temporal trends of the recorded incidence that might be expected if registration started in 1995 with gradually increasing proportions of cancers reported to the CR. It was assumed that the CR obtains all death certificates providing cancer as the underlying cause of death. Different scenarios with regard to the development of the pro -portions of cancers reported to the CR and the use of trace-back were evaluated. Results: Our model calculations demonstrated that the inclusion of cancers notified from death certificates which were diagnosed prior to the start of registration and which attribute to the incidence estimates of the year of death (‘prevalent’ cases) may compensate under-reporting typically observed right after the start of a CR. The re corded incidence may even be overestimated during the first years of registration, if large amounts of prevalent cancers are notified from death certificates (e.g. overestimation of lung cancer incidence by 8% and 21% in the first year of registration, if the proportions of cases reported were 50% and 70% in that year, overestimation of myeloma incidence still exceeding 5% after eight years of registration, if the proportion of cases reported to the CR had reached 97.5% after six years). Trace-back may effectively reduce the recorded surplus cancer cases. Conclusions: During the initial years of registration, the inclusion of prevalent cancers from death certificates may compensate the higher amount of underreporting right after the start of a CR. Accurate incidence estimates may nevertheless be observed for highly fatal cancers if substantial proportions of cancer cases are missed at lifetime, however apparent incidence trends observed in the initial years of registration need to be interpreted with caution.
Explaining Ethnic Mobilisation in Post-Communist Countries

Abstract The complex dynamics of inter-ethnic relations in post-communist countries leads to a puzzle: why do some ethnic minorities mobilise to obtain political representation whereas others do not? We use qualitative comparative analysis to capture complex causal patterns explaining the formation of ethnic parties and to analyse the combined effect of social, economic and political variables. Our article bridges a significant gap in the existing literature that usually focuses on simple explanations for the existence of ethnic parties. The analysis reveals that the political mobilisation of ethnic minorities is explained by institutional elements often underemphasised in existing theories and research.
Variations in Tourism Market Potential in an Emerging Economy: Theoretical Perspectives and Analytical Insights

Tourism researchers investigating demand forecasting and measurement have consistently indicated that an acute need exists to examine the impacts of the demographic, socio-economic, cultural, and technological environments on tourism development. The existing tourism demand measurement studies are based either on macro (country or industry level) or micro (individual tourist or business traveler level) constructs. The focus of our study is on the first stream of research. Despite the usefulness of data that captures diverse opinions of respondents from different regions, businesses, and companies in an aggregate fashion, analysis of data according to groups may reveal important differences possibly concealed in global averages. This article addresses these research concerns by focusing on differences between groups of the sample respondents. In particular, the study re-analyzes the data set for variation with respect to location and experience of the firms of the sample respondents. The study findings indicate that there are few significant variations by location or experience. This finding illustrates to us that there is no evidence of sample heterogeneity or severe generalizability limitations.
The use of performance measurement in South Carolina nonprofits

Performance measurement is touted by nonprofits as the newest method of ensuring accountability. Knowing the value of the process while having an appreciation for the downside with regard to volume of work can help organizations make more educated decisions about how deeply they want to get involved with performance or outcome measurement. This article provides background information on performance measurement and examples of how it is being used in nonprofit organizations. Next, it presents methods of an exploratory study conducted in South Carolina. Finally, a discussion of results focuses on the effect of outcome measurement on management and funding as well as the need for more in-depth research.
Buying behavior, social support and credit card indebtedness of college students

This research examines three factors that are associated with college students' credit card indebtedness. Using survey data, we find that college students' buying patterns and social networks affect their credit card indebtedness. Specifically, students with a tendency towards compulsive buying are more likely and those with greater social support are less likely to hold credit card debts. Depth interview data further illustrate the contexts and causes of overusing credit cards as well as solutions for their debt problem. This research sheds light on reasons why college students fall into credit card debt and suggests strategies for helping them use credit cards wisely.
Urban tourism in the developing world: The case of Johannesburg

Urban tourism has attracted a growing literature in the context of cities in the developed world. In this article, the role of urban tourism is explored in the developing world setting of Johannesburg. As in the case of the developed world, in Johannesburg the promotion of urban tourism is linked to economic regeneration and urban economic development. Johannesburg's tourism economy exhibits distinct geographical and sectoral clustering, with business tourism being the most vibrant subsector for tourism development. New development initiatives by both provincial and local government are seeking to further enhance the role of tourism in Johannesburg's economic development.
Pathology and Viral Antigen Distribution of Lethal Pneumonia in Domestic Cats Due to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza A Virus

A novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus has been identified as the cause of the 2009 influenza pandemic in humans. Since then, infections with the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus have been documented in a number of animal species. The first known cases of lethal respiratory disease associated with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infection in house pets occurred in domestic cats in Oregon. A 10-year-old neutered domestic shorthair and an 8-year-old spayed domestic shorthair died shortly after developing severe respiratory disease. Grossly, lung lobes of both cats were diffusely firm and incompletely collapsed. Histologically, moderate to severe necrotizing to pyonecrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia was accompanied by serofibrinous exudation and hyaline membranes in the alveolar spaces. Influenza A virus was isolated from nasal secretions of the male cat and from lung homogenate of the female cat. Both isolates were confirmed as pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. With immunohistochemistry, influenza A viral antigen was demonstrated in bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, and alveolar macrophages in pneumonic areas. The most likely sources of infection were people in the household with influenza-like illness or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. The 2 cases reported here provide, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first description of the pathology and viral antigen distribution of lethal respiratory disease in domestic cats after natural pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infection, probably transmitted from humans.
Tax evasion and compliance; from the neo classical paradigm to behavioural economics, a review

Purpose – Tax evasion and tax compliance have been popular research subjects for several decades. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the literature explaining individual taxpayer's behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – Recognizing Allingham and Sandmo's model as the starting point, important modern behavioural approaches in conjunction with the social disciplines are reviewed. Findings – Synthesis of findings suggests a wide array of factors influencing the tax evasion – tax compliance decision. So far, the most comprehensive explanation incorporating the attributive factors along with their interactions belongs to Kirchler et al.'s “slippery slope framework”. Research limitations/implications – Tax compliance's importance in public finance increases dramatically within the current sovereign debt crisis in the global economic environment. In light of the developments in the front of behavioural economics, further research is needed to validate all hypotheses. Originality/value – The c.
In Vivo Monitoring of Intracellular Free Calcium Changes During Uterine Activation By Prostaglandin F2α and Oxytocin

Objective: It has been well established that oxytocin (OXT) increases intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) by targeting both intracellular and extracellular stores, but the mechanisms involved in the increase through activation with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) are still incompletely understood. This study was designed to elucidate the source(s) of increased [Ca2+]i in response to PGF2α (10-6 M) or OXT (10-8 M) administration in the near-term rat myometrium. Methods: The animals were divided into an in vitro group (n = 8), where the developed tension of uterine strips was assessed, and an in vivo group (n = 5), where a lobe of the uterus with intact innervation and circulation was loaded with the fluorescent indicator Indo-1 AM to assess [CA2+]i. Results: PGF2α and OXT induced a 30.1% and 35.9%, respectively, increase in developed tension in the potassium chloride-depolarized myometrial strips. Nifedipine reduced the PGF2α and OXT increased tension by 65.8% and 49.4%, respectively. In vivo, both PGF2α and OXT increased [Ca2+]i in the pottassium chloride-depolarized uterine muscle by 35.7% and 44.6%, respectively, increases similar to the rises in tension in vitro. Nifedipine reduced these effects of PGF2α and OXT by 45.3% and 39.6%. Conclusions: These findings indicate that in near-term myometrium the source of increased [Ca2+]i after administration of PGF2α, similar to OXT, is both extracellular and intracellular.
The Role of Mood in Managing Small Businesses–Evidence from Dairy Farming

The aim of this paper is to explore how the mood of managers of small family owned firms influence oninvolvement from other family members, relations with business consultants, and the decision to maintainproduction. We randomly drew a sample of 90 dairy farmers who were visited and interviewed. First we did aqualitative analysis of the data and then we merged the interview data with a database showing who hadmaintained dairy farming six years after the interviews. Our results show that farmers in a happy mood get morehelp from the rest of the family in farming activities than farmers in a neutral or bad mood. Farmers in a badmood are less satisfied with the consultancy service than farmers in a happy or neutral mood. Six years after theinterview more farmers in a happy mood maintained dairy farming as compared to farmers in a neutral or badmood. Our findings are relevant to all managers of small family owned businesses.
A hotel sustainability business model: evidence from Slovenia

This research explores and develops a hotel sustainability business model (HSBM) to study the sustainability orientation of the Slovenian hotel industry. Based on a comparative analysis of the existing sustainability and triple bottom line models, the usual content of a three-line HSBM (economic, environmental and sociocultural) was extended to include customer satisfaction, environmental education and power to implement changes. Financial, marketing and tourism sustainability experts investigated best practices in sustainability measurements and gathered appropriate sustainability indicators; expert opinion and the Delphi method refined and reduced an initial 79 indicators to 36 operational indicators, able to fulfil the HSBM's sub-categories within the extended triple bottom line. The HSBM's concept was used to study the sustainability of Slovenian hotel firms to reveal how important these indicators are for hotel managers and do they monitor them. Results indicated strong importance and measurement of economic and marketing indicators, such as profitability and customer satisfaction. Following the socialist tradition, companies recognise the importance of human resources, but the importance of environmental education and awareness building, biodiversity, and the establishment of partnerships with stakeholders to implement sustainable tourism development are neglected. Economic performance was, for example, monitored by 66% of respondents, environmental performance by 28% and social performance by 42%.
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α agonist, reduces hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation in fatty liver Shionogi mice with hereditary fatty liver

Abstract: Background and aims: The fatty liver Shionogi (FLS) mouse, a unique model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is an inbred strain that develops spontaneous hepatic steatosis without obesity or diabetes mellitus. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α controls fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, on hepatic steatosis in FLS mice.
Estimating Parameters of Combined AM and PM Signals Using Prior Information

A method for estimating parameters of combined amplitude and phase modulation signals from digital sampling data is proposed. It can be employed with advantage to analyze combined modulation functions of commercial function generators. Though this problem of inference has applications in communication technology, it has also become a concern to the power industry in issues related to phasor measurement unit tests. Prior information available to metrologists about the signal components allows the reduction of the dimensionality of the search algorithm with consequent time savings.
MODELING STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY: A REVIEW AND COMPARATIVE STUDY

Diffusion models for volatility have been used to price options while ARCH models predominate in descriptive studies of asset volatility. This paper compares a discrete-time approximation of a popular diffusion model with ARCH models. These volatility models have many siimilarities but the models make different assumptions about how the magnitude of price responses to information alters volatility and the amount of subsequent information. Several volatility models are estimated for daily DM/ exchange rates from 1978 to 1990.
Robust estimation for homoscedastic regression in the secondary analysis of case–control data

Summary. Primary analysis of case–control studies focuses on the relationship between disease D and a set of covariates of interest (Y, X). A secondary application of the case–control study, which is often invoked in modern genetic epidemiologic association studies, is to investigate the interrelationship between the covariates themselves. The task is complicated owing to the case–control sampling, where the regression of Y on X is different from what it is in the population. Previous work has assumed a parametric distribution for Y given X and derived semiparametric efficient estimation and inference without any distributional assumptions about X. We take up the issue of estimation of a regression function when Y given X follows a homoscedastic regression model, but otherwise the distribution of Y is unspecified. The semiparametric efficient approaches can be used to construct semiparametric efficient estimates, but they suffer from a lack of robustness to the assumed model for Y given X. We take an entirely different approach. We show how to estimate the regression parameters consistently even if the assumed model for Y given X is incorrect, and thus the estimates are model robust. For this we make the assumption that the disease rate is known or well estimated. The assumption can be dropped when the disease is rare, which is typically so for most case–control studies, and the estimation algorithm simplifies. Simulations and empirical examples are used to illustrate the approach.
Contracting and Efficiency in the Surgical Goods Cluster of Sialkot, Pakistan

This article provides empirical evidence of the inefficiency of contracting institutions (measured by high switching costs) among surgical instrument producers in Sialkot, Pakistan, even though it is an industrial cluster where manufacturers have access to a multiplicity of suppliers. Following the methodology of Johnson, McMillan and Woodruff (2002), we found that nearly 50 per cent of firms in the sample would reject an untried supplier offering a lower price. The decision to reject a prospective new supplier offering a 10 per cent discount was positively related to the complexity of the input and measures of relational contracting, and negatively related to a belief in informal contract enforcement mechanisms. Firms were more likely to switch to the prospective discount supplier when they were introduced through a business network. Belief in formal contract enforcement was not significant in any of the regressions.
Expansion of activated human naïve T‐cells precedes effector function

Naïve T‐cells divide and mature, both functionally and phenotypically, upon stimulation through the T‐cell receptor. Although much is known about the overall changes that occur in naïve cells upon TCR stimulation, and the different memory/effector populations that arise following stimulation, the relationship between cell division and functional and phenotypical changes that occur after activation is poorly understood. Here, we examine the early stages of human naïve and antigen‐experienced T‐cell activation, and the relationship between cell division and acquisition of effector function during the transition from resting antigen‐experienced or naïve T‐cells into effector cells. Stimulated naïve T‐cells proliferate prior to acquisition of effector function, as measured by cytokine production and expression of effector‐associated cell surface molecules. Additionally, we show that interlukin‐7 (IL‐7) can drive proliferation of naïve T‐cells without TCR:MHC peptide interactions. IL‐7 alone does not, however, drive the proliferation of antigen‐experienced T‐cells. Memory T‐cells will divide in response to exogenous IL‐7 but only in the presence of naïve T‐cells and IL‐2. This study contributes to the current understanding of the mechanistic differences between naïve and memory T‐cell responses by defining the functional and phenotypic changes that occur to T‐cells after stimulation.