Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Magnitude of Peripheral Muscle Fatigue Induced by High and Low Intensity Single-Joint Exercise Does Not Lead to Central Motor Output Reductions in Resistance Trained Men

Purpose To examine quadriceps muscle fatigue and central motor output during fatiguing single joint exercise at 40% and 80% maximal torque output in resistance trained men. Method Ten resistance trained men performed fatiguing isometric knee extensor exercise at 40% and 80% of maximal torque output. Maximal torque, rate of torque development, and measures of central motor output and peripheral muscle fatigue were recorded at two matched volumes of exercise, and after a final contraction performed to exhaustion. Central motor output was quantified from changes in voluntary activation, normalized surface electromyograms (EMG), and V-waves. Quadriceps muscle fatigue was assessed from changes in the size and shape of the resting potentiated twitch (Q.pot.tw). Central motor output during the exercise protocols was estimated from EMG and interpolated twitches applied during the task (VAsub). Results Greater reductions in maximal torque and rate of torque development were observed during the 40% protocol (p<0.05). Maximal central motor output did not change for either protocol. For the 40% protocol reductions from pre-exercise in rate and amplitude variables calculated from the Q.pot. tw between 66.2 to 70.8% (p<0.001) exceeded those observed during the 80% protocol (p<0.01). V-waves only declined during the 80% protocol between 56.8 ± 35.8% to 53.6 ± 37.4% (p<0.05). At the end of the final 80% contraction VAsub had increased from 91.2 ± 6.2% to 94.9 ± 4.7% (p = 0.005), but a greater increase was observed during the 40% contraction where VAsub had increased from 67.1 ± 6.1% to 88.9 ± 9.6% (p<0.001). Conclusion Maximal central motor output in resistance trained men is well preserved despite varying levels of peripheral muscle fatigue. Upregulated central motor output during the 40% contraction protocol appeared to elicit greater peripheral fatigue. V-waves declines during the 80% protocol suggest intensity dependent modulation of the Ia afferent pathway.
Situational characteristics and subjective career success

This paper examined the role of career‐enhancing strategies (CESs) as mediators of the relationship between situation‐centred characteristics (e.g. career prospects) and subjective career success. CESs included self‐nomination, networking behaviour and consultation with mentors. Subjective career success was measured using two criteria, intrinsic job success and perceived career success. Questionnaire data was collected from 283 full‐time support personnel in the UK. Results provided partial support for the mediating role of CESs between situational characteristics and subjective career success. Specific CESs played a mediating role in the relationship between specific situation‐centred variables and intrinsic job success. Self‐nomination and networking played a mediating role between career prospects and intrinsic job success. Networking also played a mediating role between security and intrinsic job success. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, together with avenues for further research.
Lactation performance and serum biochemistry of dairy cows fed supplemental chromium in the transition period

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental chromium on performance and blood serum biochemistry of dairy cows. Thus, 20 multiparous Holstein cows (parity 3) were equally divided into two groups, group one (control), which received no chromium supplementation and group two (treatment) which received 5 g/day chromium methionine from week 5 prior to parturition until 12 weeks thereafter. Milk production and milk composition were evaluated on 4, 8 and 12 weeks after parturition. Serum biochemistry concentrations (serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and cortisol and insulin concentration) and blood hematology (red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and percentage neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophiles, eosinophils and ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes) were measured on 2 and 5 weeks prior to parturition and 1 and 4 weeks thereafter. Results indicate that milk production was significantly affected by chromium-methionine supplementation during the entire period (P<0.01) but no significant effect on milk composition was found. Supplemental chromium had no significant effect on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin concentration and blood hematology parameters (P<0.05). However, chromium supplementation tended to increase significantly, serum total protein concentration and decrease cortisol concentration (P<0.05). The results of this experiment showed that chromium methionine supplementation in multiparous dairy cows diet may improve their milk yield in transition period. Key words: Dairy cow, transition period, chromium-methionine, milk yield, serum biochemistry.
Ultra-Low-Voltage Schottky-Barrier Field-Enhanced Electron Emission From Gold Nanowires Electrochemically Grown in Modified Porous Alumina Templates

Superior field emission (FE) action has been observed from a tailored array of gold nanowires (AuNWs) grown in porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates. The turn-on voltage was found to be 0.2 V, which is far less than the values reported earlier for diamond-coated cathodes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Furthermore, the FE current was unaffected by the ambient gas pressure. Such a low-voltage FE is attributed here to the formation of a Schottky barrier at the interface of gold and amorphous alumina scales that remain on the AuNWs.
Distributed Movement Control for Building a Ring in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Many applications in wireless sensor networks require some sensors to form a ring or multiring-based shape in the target area, such as intrusion detection, border surveillance, routing overlay formation, and network full coverage. In this paper, we study the problem of sensor redistribution to build a ring-based shape for mobile sensor networks. We first give the theoretical analysis on what is optimal sensor movement with the given random deployment. Then, we propose a fully distributed movement control algorithm to achieve ring-based shape for mobile sensor networks. We formally prove that our algorithm can achieve a ring-based distribution within finite time. We also present the procedures of applying our algorithm to form multiring-based distribution. Finally, we present extensive simulations to verify that our approach outperforms other schemes in terms of both the moving distance and convergence time.
Clinical Correlates of Computationally Derived Visual Field Defect Archetypes in Patients from a Glaucoma Clinic

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the clinical validity of visual field (VF) archetypal analysis, a previously developed machine learning method for decomposing any Humphrey VF (24-2) into a weighted sum of clinically recognizable VF loss patterns. Materials and Methods: For each of 16 previously identified VF loss patterns (“archetypes,” denoted AT1 through AT16), we screened 30,995 reliable VFs to select 10–20 representative patients whose VFs had the highest decomposition coefficients for each archetype. VF global indices and patient ocular and demographic features were extracted retrospectively. Based on resemblances between VF archetypes and clinically observed VF patterns, hypotheses were generated for associations between certain VF archetypes and clinical features, such as an association between AT6 (central island, representing severe VF loss) and large cup-to-disk ratio (CDR). Distributions of the selected clinical features were compared between representative eyes of certain archetypes and all other eyes using the two-tailed t-test or Fisher exact test. Results: 243 eyes from 243 patients were included, representative of AT1 through AT16. CDR was more often ≥ 0.7 among eyes representative of AT6 (central island; p = 0.002), AT10 (inferior arcuate defect; p = 0.048), AT14 (superior paracentral defect; p = 0.016), and AT16 (inferior paracentral defect; p = 0.016) than other eyes. CDR was more often < 0.7 among eyes representative of AT1 (no focal defect; p < 0.001) and AT2 (superior defect; p = 0.027), which was also associated with ptosis (p < 0.001). AT12 (temporal hemianopia) was associated with history of stroke (p = 0.022). AT11 (concentric peripheral defect) trended toward association with trial lens correction > 6D (p = 0.069). Conclusions: Shared clinical features between computationally derived VF archetypes and clinically observed VF patterns support the clinical validity of VF archetypal analysis.
Estimating the Size of the Gifted/Talented Population from Multiple Identification Criteria

“How many are gifted or talented? ” Although very important, this question has received little attention from most scholars in gifted education. Four major variables are identified that directly impact prevalence estimates: (a) the type of definition endorsed—disjunctive or conjunctive, (b) the number of abilities/characteristics included, (c) the minimum selection threshold chosen, and (d) the correlations observed between the abilities included. A range of values was determined for the last three variables. By combining these values, we produced four tables of prevalence estimates, which reveal how these variables interact and how they affect the “how many” question. The results show that both the type of definition endorsed for the giftedness or talent concepts and the selection ratio have a crucial impact on the prevalence estimates. The authors argue that gifted education will never be recognized as a proper scientific field unless its scholars reach a consensus on both the definition and prevalence issues.
Voltage‐gated sodium channels at 60: structure, function and pathophysiology

Abstract Voltage‐gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in nerve, muscle and other excitable cells. The sodium current that initiates the nerve action potential was discovered by Hodgkin and Huxley using the voltage clamp technique in their landmark series of papers in The Journal of Physiology in 1952. They described sodium selectivity, voltage‐dependent activation and fast inactivation, and they developed a quantitative model for action potential generation that has endured for many decades. This article gives an overview of the legacy that has evolved from their work, including development of conceptual models of sodium channel function, discovery of the sodium channel protein, analysis of its structure and function, determination of its structure at high resolution, definition of the mechanism and structural basis for drug block, and exploration of the role of the sodium channel as a target for disease mutations. Structural models for sodium selectivity and conductance, voltage‐dependent activation, fast inactivation and drug block are discussed. A perspective for the future envisions new advances in understanding the structural basis for sodium channel function, the role of sodium channels in disease and the opportunity for discovery of novel therapeutics.
Bayesian Induction of Bracketing Inversion Transduction Grammars

We present a novel approach to learning phrasal inversion transduction grammars via Bayesian MAP (maximum a posteriori) or information-theoretic MDL (minimum description length) model optimization so as to incorporate simultaneously the choices of model structure as well as parameters. In comparison to most current SMT approaches, the model learns phrase translation lexicons that (a) do not require enormous amounts of run-time memory, (b) contain significantly less redundancy, and (c) provide an obvious basis for generalization to abstract translation schemas. Model structure choice is biased by a description length prior, while parameter choice is driven by data likelihood biased by a parameter prior. The search over possible model structures is made feasible by a novel top-down rule segmenting heuristic which efficiently incorporates estimates of the posterior probabilities. Since the priors reward model parsimony, the learned grammar is very concise and still performs significantly better than the maximum likelihood driven bottom-up rule chunking baseline.
Functional Anatomy of Recognition of Chinese Multi-Character Words: Convergent Evidence from Effects of Transposable Nonwords, Lexicality, and Word Frequency

This fMRI study aimed to identify the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of Chinese multi-character words by partialling out the confounding effect of reaction time (RT). For this purpose, a special type of nonword—transposable nonword—was created by reversing the character orders of real words. These nonwords were included in a lexical decision task along with regular (non-transposable) nonwords and real words. Through conjunction analysis on the contrasts of transposable nonwords versus regular nonwords and words versus regular nonwords, the confounding effect of RT was eliminated, and the regions involved in word recognition were reliably identified. The word-frequency effect was also examined in emerged regions to further assess their functional roles in word processing. Results showed significant conjunctional effect and positive word-frequency effect in the bilateral inferior parietal lobules and posterior cingulate cortex, whereas only conjunctional effect was found in the anterior cingulate cortex. The roles of these brain regions in recognition of Chinese multi-character words were discussed.
Validity of Vascular Calcification as a Screening Tool and as a Surrogate End Point in Clinical Research.

On a world scale, in 2013, there have been >17 million cardiovascular deaths, one half of which attributable to ischemic heart disease.1 More than 50% of cases of ischemic heart disease deaths presenting as sudden cardiac death have no history of symptoms heralding the critical event,2 and most myocardial infarctions occur in low or moderate risk subjects (ie, in the largest segment of the general population). On a life-time scale, the risk of myocardial infarction at the age of 40 years is 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 in women.3 These figures underline the potential relevance of timely screening and treatment of individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score or the recently developed risk calculator, which informs the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guideline,4 the HeartScore,5 or the QRISK calculator,6 are center pieces of current policies for cardiovascular risk assessment and for lipid-lowering treatment. Because in these calculators age is the most informative risk factor for the prediction of cardiovascular events,7 these instruments have limited precision for the prediction of coronary atherosclerosis at individual level particularly in young subjects who have a low absolute risk for cardiovascular disease events.8 Novel biomarkers measurable in plasma or serum have been intensively investigated to refine risk prediction in individuals at low or moderate risk, but the gain in prediction power by these biomarkers is just of modest degree.9 Imaging biomarkers provide an estimate of the atherosclerotic burden in critical areas of the arterial system like the coronary circulation and may provide an integrated measure of life time exposure to risk factors. Among imaging markers of atherosclerosis assessment of vascular calcification, in particular of coronary calcification, is considered as the most valuable one because it outperforms other imaging …
Criminal careers of a sub-set of offenders in Barbados

The research in this thesis built on several papers that have brought criminal career research to the forefront of the scientific and empirical study of criminal behaviour. However, most existing research has been limited in scope and confined to a relatively small range of samples from more developed, first world, countries; in particular, the USA, the UK, and Canada. The main aim of the present research, therefore, was to replicate and extend previous work on criminal careers using a sample of offenders from a developing nation, Barbados. Given the limitations of previous work, the present research not only examined a number of key variables previously identified in relation to criminal careers (onset age, career length, chronicity, versatility, and seriousness), but also extended the investigation to look at issues surrounding specialisation, violence and demographic factors as related to criminal careers. The sample consisted of 1692 offenders who were charged in Barbados during 2002 and 2006 for robbery and sex offences and during 2006 for drug offences. Several important findings emerged. In particular, there was a significant negative relationship between onset age and the other criminal career variables, the latter of which were positively correlated with each other; this supports the idea of a general factor underlying criminal careers. Nevertheless, there were also variations according to different types of offences. Thus, on average, sex and drug offenders had the shortest career lengths and showed the least versatility and the lowest levels of chronicity and seriousness. In contrast, burglary offenders had the longest career lengths, the earliest age of onset, the greatest versatility, and committed the most serious crimes. In addition, contrary to the findings of some previous studies, there was evidence of specialisation in the sample, and specialists had an earlier age of onset, longer careers, lower versatility and lower levels of crime seriousness than non-specialists. Violent offenders showed a similar pattern of earlier age of onset, longer careers, greater versatility and higher levels of chronicity and seriousness than non-violent offenders. Finally, there were some differences according to gender, race, housing area, employment type and educational level for the key criminal career variables. The results of the research are discussed in terms of their comparability with previous research in the field from more developed nations. Despite some interesting discrepancies, it is argued that, in general, the criminal career findings of the present sample are remarkably similar to previous findings from other countries; however, this could be a feature of the particular historical background of Barbados. Other implications for criminal career research, including practical applications, are also discussed, as well as directions for future research.
CEA LIST's Participation at the CLEF CHiC 2013

For our rst participation to the CLEF CHiC Lab, we submitted runs to the multilingual ad-hoc and multilingual semantic enrichment tasks. Given the strong multilingual character of the evaluation corpus, the main objectives of the experiments were to test the eciency of semantic topic expansion and consolidation based on Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) versions in dierent languages. Another objective was multilingual fusion of results obtained in the dierent languages of the corpus. ESA was adapted for the 10 languages that are best represented in the Europeana corpus. Wikipedia dumps from March 2012 were used for French and English and from March 2013 for the other languages. One problem that arises when modeling short documents, such as queries, with classical ESA vectors no information is available whether the concept is related to the entire topic only to a part of it. To overcome this problem, two adaptations of ESA (ESA-C) are Wikipedia concepts that are linked to the highest number of concepts from the original topic. In the ad-hoc task, ESA and ESA-C have two roles: to expand the topic with related concepts and to create consolidated topic models which contain the original topic words along with other related keywords. We submitted both monolingual and multilingual runs without topic expansion and using topic expansion and consolidation with classical ESA and ESA-C. The best results are obtained in a multilingual setting with no expansion and ESA-C topic consolidation. For the semantic enrichment task, we propose lists of related Wikipedia concepts using either a monolingual ranking or a voting scheme that surfaces related concepts that appear in the largest number of languages. Here, the best results are obtained in a monolingual ranking conguration that exploits ESA-C.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Fusarium Species and Associated Mycotoxins in Maize Grain Grown in Poland

Maize is one of the most important crops and Poland is the fifth largest producing country in Europe. Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi. The present study was performed to identify the prevailing Fusarium species and the environmental factors affecting their frequencies and the contamination of grain with the main mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Thirty kernel samples were collected in three locations in 2011 and in seven locations in 2012 from three hybrids. On average, 25.24% kernels were colonized by Fusarium spp. (424 strains were isolated). Fusarium verticillioides and F. temperatum were the most prevalent species, F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum and F. graminearum were in minor abundance. In total, 272 isolates of F. verticillioides and 81 isolates of F. temperatum were identified. Fusarium temperatum frequency ranged from 1.70% to 28.57% and differences between locations were significant. Fumonisin B1 was found in all tested samples. DON was found in 66.67% and ZON in 43.33% of samples. Rainfall amount positively affected F. temperatum and F. subglutinans frequency in opposite to mean temperatures in July. On the other hand, relationships between frequency of these species and historical data from 1950–2000 for annual temperature range were negative in contrast to the coldest quarter temperatures.
Design and Formulation of Optimized Microemulsions for Dermal Delivery of Resveratrol

The objective of this study was to formulate optimal formulations of microemulsions (MEs) and evaluate their feasibility for delivery of resveratrol into human skin ex vivo. Oil-in-water MEs were formulated using surfactant (S) PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides and cosurfactant (CoS) polyglyceryl-6-isostearate. Ethyl oleate was used as an oily phase. MEs were formulated using 5 : 1, 6 : 1, and 7 : 1 surfactant and cosurfactant (S : CoS) weight ratios. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed and optimal compositions of MEs were obtained using Design Expert software. Mean droplet size for optimized ME formulations was determined to be 68.54 ± 1.18 nm, 66.08 ± 0.16 nm, and 66.66 ± 0.56 nm for systems with S : CoS weight ratios 5 : 1, 6 : 1, and 7 : 1, respectively. Resveratrol loading resulted in mean droplet size increase. The distribution of droplet size between fractions changed during storage of formulated MEs. Results demonstrated the increase of number of droplets and relative surface area when S : CoS weight ratios were 6 : 1 and 7 : 1 and the decrease when S : CoS weight ratio was 5 : 1. The highest penetration of resveratrol into the skin ex vivo was determined from ME with S : CoS weight ratio 5 : 1. It was demonstrated that all MEs were similar in their ability to deliver resveratrol into the skin ex vivo.