Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The meaning of self-perception of health in the UK armed forces.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the characteristics of self-perception of health (SPH) in relation to psychological distress and physical symptoms, and willingness of servicemen to see their Medical Officer (MO) by their SPH rating. DESIGN We randomly selected 4,500 servicemen to receive either a full or an abridged screening questionnaire. MEASURES The full questionnaire included 6 items from the short-form 36 and the question on SPH, the General Health Questionnaire-12, the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist and 15 symptoms. The abridged questionnaire included a subset of items from the full questionnaire. All 'screen-positive' and a random 'screen-negative' sample were invited to see an MO. RESULTS 67.1% out of 4,500 servicemen completed the questionnaires. SPH was strongly associated with a summary short form-36 (SF-36) measure. There was a strong association between SPH and all assessment scales regardless of length of the questionnaires (p<.001). Even among those with very good or excellent SPH, high scores denoting psychological distress were prevalent (8.1%). Good SPH provided the largest variations in symptoms and scores. Servicemen with a poor/fair SPH were no more likely to accept a visit to the MO than the rest. CONCLUSIONS SPH is an excellent question for surveillance because it is highly associated with psychological health but, at an individual level, it may convey different meanings depending on the person's individual interpretation of the term health. Symptomatic social avoidance may be high among servicemen who have a poor/fair SPH and methods, such as buddy support, may be helpful in decreasing isolation among those who may need professional support.
Similar Outcomes of Standard Radiotherapy and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Following Breast-Conserving Surgery

Background Adjuvant radiation therapy is commonly administered to breast cancer patients who received breast-conserving surgery. However, lengthy treatment times of standard radiotherapy pose certain challenges. Here, we performed a prospective controlled study comparing standard radiation to hypofractionated radiotherapy in terms of efficacy and outcome. Material/Methods Eighty breast cancer patients (tumor stage pT1-2N0-1M0) who had undergone breast-conservation surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (40 patients/group). The experimental group received 43.2 Gy to the whole breast in 18 fractions for 24 days with a concomitant boost (50.4 Gy) to the tumor bed. The control group received 45 Gy to the whole breast in 25 fractions for 44 days with a boost to the tumor bed of 59 Gy. Survival, locoregional recurrence, adverse effects, and aesthetic results were all considered for analysis. Results The following criteria were included as part of study follow-up: local control, survival, adverse skin reactions, cosmetic outcome, and hematological toxicity. At a median follow-up of 27 months (follow-up rate 100%), there were no statistical differences in any of the categories between the 2 groups. The 2-year survival rate of both groups was 100% without any locoregional recurrence. Although there was some skin toxicity, these instances were not severe and they cleared on their own within 6 weeks. The most common problems encountered by patients were breast fibrosis and altered pigmentation. Conclusions A shortened whole-breast hypofractionated irradiation schedule with a concomitant boost is as effective as standard radiation and may be a reasonable alternative following breast conservation surgery.
Navigating ethical moments when researching substance misuse with parents and their children

This article explores the relationship between ethical procedures and ethics in practice in a research project with parents and children from 27 families who had received a social intervention based on their substance misuse and concerns about the protection of their children. We draw on the ‘ethics of care’ to argue that ethical practices are relational, interactive, responsive and, at times, reciprocal. While ethical regulation provides an important opportunity to anticipate ethical issues and build safeguards for participants and researcher, the regulatory process tends to focus on the ethical actions of the researcher rather than the researched. In this article, we demonstrate how ethical decisions were made through, by or alongside participants, drawing on examples of access, consent, protection from harm and negotiating the presence of others in interviews.
Effects of Arousal on Everyday Memory

The notion of an unidimensional continuum of arousal is difficult to sustain, as is the universality of predictions from the Yerkes-Dodson law. A brief his- torical account of how these difficulties have arisen is provided, as well as sketches of some theoretical alternatives that have appeared in the past 10 years. It is argued that this more recent theorizing can supply explanatory constructs to bring order to the data on the relation of increases in arousal to memory performance. The argument is illustrated by an analysis of a number of studies involving everyday memory performance, studies involving encod- ing of eyewitness memories or retrieval of complex motor sequences.
Attitudes Toward Rural Landscape Change in England

Rural landscapes in many parts of the world no longer exist solely for agricultural production and therefore face change to accommodate various socio-economic demands. Hence, there is a need to improve our understanding of public attitudes—in particular, their openness—toward such change. This article discusses predictors of openness to landscape change in rural areas based on the results of an online survey conducted to develop attitudinal measurement scales for landscape change and rural landscape in England. Landscape change in rural areas was not welcomed by the respondents mainly due to their high level of affirmative attitudes to rural landscapes. However, the study suggests that there is a possibility, especially among younger cohorts, that increasing levels of education will lead to greater openness to landscape change.
Time-dependent appearance of myofibroblasts in granulation tissue of human skin wounds

S u m m a r y . Human skin wounds (66) inflicted between 20 h and 7 months prior to biopsy were studied. In order to identify the type of cellular differentiation of the fibroblastic cells in the granulation tissue, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin were immunohistochemically localized. The value of any presumed time-dependent appearance and/or disappearance of positively stained cells was tested for the estimation of wound age. In skin specimens with a wound age less than 5 days (n = 15) no typical granulation tissue had developed and no alphaactin-positive myofibroblasts could be detected. The first appearance of positively reacting myofibroblasts was noted in a 5-day-old wound. In 57% of the lesions with a wound age between 5 and 31 days (25 out of 44 cases) typical granulation tissue formation was present and myofibroblasts with positive reaction for alphasmooth muscle actin could be identified. Numerous positively reacting cells could generally be found in wounds aged between 16 and 31 days, but also in wounds less than 16 days old. In 29% of the cases with a wound age of more than 31 days (2 out of 7 cases) alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts also occured. Fibroblastic cells positive for desmin could not be seen at all in our series. Our results demonstrate the appearance of alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts with the initial formation of typical granulation tissue in human skin lesions as early as approximately 5 days after wounding. In contrast to recent experimental results these cells remained detectable in wounds aged more than 2 months in some cases. The immunohistochemical detection of actin-positive cells, therefore, demonstrates whether an unknown skin wound is aged approximately 5 days or more. Even though a time-dependent decrease of myofibroblasts in human granulation tissue after 31 days in human wounds seems probable, the extended presence (up to about 2 months) of these cells allows no further exact age determination of older wounds.
Infiltrating cellular pattern in kidney graft biopsies translates into forkhead box protein 3 up‐regulation and p16INK4α senescence protein down‐regulation in patients treated with belatacept compared to cyclosporin A

Renal allograft survival is related directly to cell senescence. In the transplantation scenario many cellular events – participating as immunological and non‐immunological factors – could contribute to accelerate this biological process, responsible for the ultimate fate of the graft. Mechanisms concerned in tolerance versus rejection are paramount in this outcome. For this reason, immunosuppressive treatment constitutes an extremely important decision to prevent organ dysfunction and, finally, graft loss. This study was conducted to document the proportion of CD4+/interleukin (IL)‐17A+‐, CD16+/indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO+)‐, forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3+)‐expressing cells, senescent cells (p16INK4α) and the percentage of interstitial fibrosis (IF) in graft biopsies of kidney transplant recipients participating in the BENEFIT (Bristol‐Myers Squibb IM103008) study. CD4+/IL‐17A+, CD16+/IDO+, FoxP3+ and p16INK4α+ cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the percentage of IF by morphometry on graft biopsies obtained at time 0 (pre‐implantation) and at 12 months post‐transplant. Senescent cells and CD4+/IL‐17A+ cells were increased among graft biopsies in subjects receiving cyclosporin A (CsA) compared to those under belatacept treatment. Meanwhile, CD16+/IDO+ and FoxP3+‐expressing cells were lower in biopsies from CsA treatment compared to patients treated with Belatacept. Histological morphometric analyses disclosed more IF in 12‐month CsA‐treated patients in comparison to pre‐implantation biopsy findings. Summing up, renal biopsies from patients receiving belatacept showed greater amounts of FoxP3+ cells and lower amounts of CD4+/IL‐17A+ and senescent cells compared to patients under CsA treatment. Along with these findings, an increase in IF in annual CsA‐treated‐patients biopsies compared to pre‐implantation and belatacept‐treated patients were observed.
Sanction Threats in Court-Ordered Programs: Examining Their Effects on Offenders Mandated into Drug Treatment

During the past decade, court-ordered diversion and treatment procedures have proliferated in response to the problems of court congestion and prison overcrowding. Underlying these court orders are stiff sanctions that are often used to threaten offenders to comply with the court's mandate. Given the widespread use of court orders and their stiff penalties for violations, the effectiveness of sanction threats in enforcing compliance among offenders has rarely been examined. Using a sample of offenders mandated by the courts into drug treatment, this article examines the effects of sanction threat on the offenders' perceptions of threat and their lengths of stay in drug treatment.
The effect of intercultural narrative reflection in shaping pre-service teachers’ future practice

Teachers’ development of critical cultural skills is integral to their awareness of what and how they teach as well as how they communicate with students in the multilingual, multicultural classrooms of today. This research reports the analysis of 33 pre-service teachers’ written narrative reflections. The reflective writing task was designed to elicit description and analysis of their experiences of linguistic and cultural difference (termed ‘intercultural’). The study examined what learning is afforded by the reflective task and how this learning is evaluated by the participants. The reflective narratives were analysed using a four-type model to identify writing characteristics and degree of intercultural awareness. Findings show that overall, the reflective narrative was a catalyst for critical intercultural understanding for the pre-service teachers, was effective in supporting personal affirmations of background and prior knowledge, and sharpened awareness of their role in opening up critical cultural thinking in their future classrooms. This study demonstrates that a structured reflective narrative task can enhance an active and continuous process of personal and professional growth for all teachers.
Cognitive analytic therapy at 30

Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) was formalised in 1984 by Anthony Ryle. It facilitated the clinical integration of psychodynamic therapy and personal construct/cognitive psychology. It is a brief, user-friendly relational therapy, applicable to the wide range of psychological problems typically seen in public mental health settings. It has recently been included in national guidelines for the treatment of personality disorder in the National Health Service. CAT provides a coherent model of development and psychopathology, which centrally views the self as both socially formed and embedded. Owing to its core relational grounding, CAT is being increasingly applied to team contexts/systems, enabling a ‘common language’ for team formulation/practice. It is also being successfully delivered as a group therapy. This article describes the development and unique features of the CAT model, analyses the current evidence base and identifies potential future directions for the model.
An Analysis of 19 International Case Studies of Stress Prevention Through Work Reorganization Using the Demand/Control Model

Nineteen international case studies of workplace stress prevention initiatives are analyzed. The focus of these cases, which span a variety of workplaces and locations, is on preventing stress through work reorganization rather than remedial approaches for stress relief. It is found that the majority of the occupations represented in the case studies can be categorized as high-strain jobs according to the demand/control model. Common trends in terms of why the interventions were initiated and by whom, the type of intervention chosen, and the results are analyzed. It is found that in general, worker participation, open communication between labor and management, and a learning approach to stress are keys to preventing stress at work and also tend to increase productivity.
Comparison of Stressors Among Female vs. Male Inmates

This article examines Rose Giallombardo's (1966, p. 13) claim that unless "evidence to the contrary is found, we have no a priori reason to suppose that the pains of imprisonment will be felt less keenly by female prisoners than by males. " The research reported in this study suggests that female inmates experience lower levels of stressors on seven of eight adjustment needs identified by Toch. The article discusses these stressors as well as the additional stress created by the separation from children experienced by the majority of female inmates.
The Glocalization of Youth Culture: The Global Youth Segment as Structures of Common Difference

In this article we present an analysis of global youth cultural consumption based on a multisited empirical study of young consumers in Denmark and Greenland. We treat youth culture as a market ideology by tracing the emergence of youth culture in relation to marketing and how the ideology has glocalized. This transnational market ideology is manifested in the glocalization of three structures of common difference that organize our data: identity, center-periphery, and reference to youth cultural consumption styles. Our study goes beyond accounts of global homogenization and local appropriation by showing the glocal structural commonalities in diverse manifestations of youth culture. (c) 2006 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Self-perceived Oral Health Status, Psychological Well-being, and Life Satisfaction in an Older Adult Population

Numerous studies have demonstrated that many older adults have problems chewing, pain, difficulties in eating, and problems in social relationships because of oral disorders. However, it is not clear if these functional and psychosocial outcomes affect broader psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Consequently, this paper begins to address the question, 'Does poor oral health compromise the quality of life? '. Initial cross-sectional analyses used data derived from the seven-year follow-up of the Ontario Study of the Oral Health of Older Adults. As at baseline and three-year follow-up, oral health was measured by self-ratings of oral health and five oral health indices. Psychological well-being and life satisfaction were assessed according to the Morale Index, the Perceived Life Stress Questionnaire, The Life Satisfaction Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. All oral health variables were significantly associated with scores from the first three of these measures in the expected direction. These associations remained after we controlled for other potential influences on the quality of life. In addition, prospective analysis indicated that self-perceived oral health at three years had a significant independent effect on psychological well-being and life satisfaction at seven years. These results suggest that poor self-perceived oral health and relatively poor quality of life co-exist in the same subgroup of older adults.
Perspectives on Organizational Justice: Concept Clarification, Social Context Integration, Time and Links with Morality

Organizational justice is concerned with people's fairness perceptions in organizations and has been a popular field of study in the social sciences for at least 25 years. This paper reviews the core concepts, models and questions of organizational justice research. Four research areas that are particularly critical for the future of the field will be highlighted: concept clarification, social context integration, time and links with morality. These areas have received increased attention lately, but there are still relatively few empirical studies and theoretical frameworks that grapple with these issues. Concept clarification is vital for improved consistency of the field and for internal validity of studies. Situating organizational justice in social contexts and in time will be crucial to improve external validity and the usability of organizational justice findings in organizations. Understanding the links between morality and justice at an individual level, and at the organizational and societal levels is necessary if justice researchers want to live up to the promise of their field for society. For each of these four areas, recent developments will be reviewed and avenues for future research discussed.
Is rhinitis alone or associated with atopic eczema a risk factor for severe asthma in children?

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of rhinitis (R) and atopic eczema (E) on asthma severity among asthmatic (A) schoolchildren identified by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood written questionnaire (WQ). WQ was applied to parents of 6–7‐yr‐old schoolchildren (SC, n = 3033), and to adolescents (AD, 13–14 yr old, n = 3487), living in São Paulo, Brazil. An affirmative response to ‘has your child/have you had wheezing/whistling in the last year’ identified those with A, and an affirmative response to ‘the last 12 months has your child/have you had sneezing/runny/blocked nose when he/she you did not have a cold/flu? ’ identified those with R. Subjects with an affirmative response to ‘has your child/have you had this itchy rash at any time in the past 12 months? ’ were identified as having E. Subjects who had R associated with A were identified as AR and those with A associated with R and E as ARE. A who had at least two affirmative responses to questions for asthma severity: speech disturbance, more than four acute attacks, sleep disturbance, and wheezing with exercise were defined as having severe asthma. 22.1% AD and 24.3% SC were identified as A; 47.1% of those AD and 42.0% SC had AR and 10.0% of those AD and 12.8% of SC had ARE. Considering ARE, AR and A groups, speech disturbance during an acute episode of asthma was significantly higher among ARE AD (20.0% vs. 11.5% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.05), and ARE SC (22.1% vs. 13.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.05) in comparison with A. Likewise, more than four acute attacks in the last year was significantly higher among ARE AD (24.0% vs. 14.0% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.05) and ARE SC (32.6% vs. 19.4% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.05) as the frequency of sleep disturbance due to wheezing, for AD (61.3% vs. 42.0% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.05) and SC (77.9% vs. 67.3% vs. 58.4%, p < 0.001) and for ‘wheezing associated with exercise’ for AD (72.0% vs. 47.5% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.001) and SC (36.8% vs. 31.4% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of severe asthma was higher among ARE AD (57.3% vs. 31.9% vs. 27.0%, p < 0.05) and ARE SC (52.6% vs. 36.9% vs. 22.5%). In patients with A, the presence of R or E are risk factors for severe asthma, and both together (R and E) are a higher risk.
Chest radiological findings in Pakistani cement mill workers.

OBJECTIVE Even in the 21st century, in developing countries millions of people work daily in dusty environments. They are exposed to different types of health hazards namely, fumes, gases and dust, which are risk factors for developing occupational diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform chest radiology to determine the occupational hazards of cement dust on the lungs of cement mill workers. METHODS This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan, during the period June to August 2000. In this study 50, apparently healthy volunteer male cement mill workers were randomly selected with an average of 13 years exposure with age ranging from 20-60 years. They were matched with 50, healthy male control subjects in terms of age, height, weight and socioeconomic status. Both groups met with exclusion criteria as per standard. Radiology was performed by Trophy radiology. RESULTS The present study demonstrated 12% of cases with interstitial lung disease and 2% of cases with pleural thickening and chronic bronchitis in cement mill workers. CONCLUSION Exposure to cement dust causes interstitial lung disease, pleural thickening and chronic bronchitis in cement mill workers.
Synergistic Effect between Cisplatin and Sunitinib Malate on Human Urinary Bladder-Cancer Cell Lines

The aim of this paper is to analyse sunitinib malate in vitro ability to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in T24, 5637, and HT1376 human urinary bladder-cancer cell lines. Cells were treated with cisplatin (3, 6, 13, and 18 μM) and sunitinib malate (1, 2, 4, 6, and 20 μM), either in isolation or combined, over the course of 72 hours. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, acridine orange, and monodansylcadaverine staining and flow cytometry were performed. The combination index (CI) was calculated based on the Chou and Talalay method. In isolation, cisplatin and sunitinib malate statistically (P < 0.05) decrease cell viability in all cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with the presence of autophagic vacuoles. A cell cycle arrest in early S-phase and in G0/G1-phase was also found after exposure to cisplatin and sunitinib malate, in isolation, respectively. Treatment of urinary bladder-cancer cells with a combination of cisplatin and sunitinib malate showed a synergistic effect (CI < 1). Autophagy and apoptosis studies showed a greater incidence when the combined treatment was put into use. This hints at the possibility of a new combined therapeutic approach. If confirmed in vivo, this conjugation may provide a means of new perspectives in muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer treatment.