Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive comment on “ Projected climate change impacts on North Sea and Baltic Sea : CMIP 3 and CMIP 5 model based scenarios ”

North Sea. Holt et al. (2014, reference in the manuscript) found the North Sea less sensitive to production changes and projected less consequences of climate change for the North Sea compared to the global ocean, whereby Gröger et al (2013, reference in the manuscript) found the opposite, a more sensitive North Sea production to climate change. The question of regional consequences of climate change to the North Sea is therefore far from settled and our study contributes important results to the scientific debate in this respect. Moreover, it evaluates the robustness of regional projected primary production change by presenting for the first time a consistent multi-member downscaling ensemble for the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Our results thereby allow for the first time to span a range for projected primary production changes. In our opinion this is a very important result and should not only be of interest for a small number of climate scientists working on the regional scale, but also to those who further think through the risk of climate change in these regional systems, such as biologists working on consequences of climate change for different organisms or those who would further evaluate consequences of climate change for pollutants and fisheries. Our study is the first one, that presents regional downscaled projections from CMIP5 global scenarios developed for the latest IPCC assessment, and we address the research question whether the regional projected changes are different from AR4 to AR5 and whether the new AR5 scenarios result in increased convergence in regional projections (e.g. due to improved global models) compared to the earlier AR4, which is indeed the case for the North Sea primary production, but not for the Baltic Sea. More over we present a number of new results on forcing and causing mechanisms in the scenario simulations, these include variations in mixed layer depth, the role of atmospheric vs oceanic drivers and regional variations in trophic amplification.
Estimated or Measured GFR in Living Kidney Donors Work‐up?

The value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in living kidney donors screening is unclear. A recently published web‐based application derived from large cohorts, but not living donors, calculates the probability of a measured GFR (mGFR) lower than a determined threshold. Our objectives were to validate the clinical utility of this tool in a cohort of living donors and to test two other strategies based on chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD‐EPI) and on MDRD‐eGFR. GFR was measured using 51Cr‐ ethylene‐diamine tetraacetic acid urinary clearance in 311 potential living kidney donors (178 women, mean age 50 ± 11.6 years). The web‐based tool was used to predict those with mGFR < 80 mL/min/1.73 m2. Inputs to the application were sex, age, ethnicity, and plasma creatinine. In our cohort, a web‐based probability of mGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher than 2% had 100% sensitivity for detection of actual mGFR <80 mL/min/1.73 m2. The positive predictive value was 0.19. A CKD‐EPI‐eGFR threshold of 104 mL/min/1.73 m2 and an MDRD‐eGFR threshold of 100 mL/min/1.73 m2 had 100% sensitivity to detect donors with actual mGFR <80 mL/min/1.73 m2. We obtained similar results in an external cohort of 354 living donors. We confirm the usefulness of the web‐based application to identify potential donors who should benefit from GFR measurement.
Analyzing Free-Hand Sound-Tracings of Melodic Phrases

In this paper, we report on a free-hand motion capture study in which 32 participants ‘traced’ 16 melodic vocal phrases with their hands in the air in two experimental conditions. Melodic contours are often thought of as correlated with vertical movement (up and down) in time, and this was also our initial expectation. We did find an arch shape for most of the tracings, although this did not correspond directly to the melodic contours. Furthermore, representation of pitch in the vertical dimension was but one of a diverse range of movement strategies used to trace the melodies. Six different mapping strategies were observed, and these strategies have been quantified and statistically tested. The conclusion is that metaphorical representation is much more common than a ‘graph-like’ rendering for such a melodic sound-tracing task. Other findings include a clear gender difference for some of the tracing strategies and an unexpected representation of melodies in terms of a small object for some of the Hindustani music examples. The data also show a tendency of participants moving within a shared ‘social box’.
Attentive cross-modal paratope prediction

Antibodies are a critical part of the immune system, having the function of recognizing and mediating the neutralization of undesirable molecules (antigens) for future destruction. Being able to predict which amino acids belong to the paratope, the region on the antibody that binds to the antigen, can facilitate antibody engineering and predictions of antibody-antigen structures. The suitability of deep neural networks has recently been confirmed for this task, with Parapred outperforming all prior models. In this work, we first significantly outperform the computational efficiency of Parapred by leveraging à trous convolutions and self-attention. Second, we implement cross-modal attention by allowing the antibody residues to attend over antigen residues. This leads to new state-of-the-art results in paratope prediction, along with novel opportunities to interpret the outcome of the prediction.
Robust Deformation Estimation in Wood-Composite Materials using Variational Optical Flow

Wood-composite materials are widely used today as they homogenize humidity related directional deformations. Quantification of these deformations as coefficients is important for construction and engineering and topic of current research but still a manual process. This work introduces a novel computer vision approach that automatically extracts these properties directly from scans of the wooden specimens, taken at different humidity levels during the long lasting humidity conditioning process. These scans are used to compute a humidity dependent deformation field for each pixel, from which the desired coefficients can easily be calculated. The overall method includes automated registration of the wooden blocks, numerical optimization to compute a variational optical flow field which is further used to calculate dense strain fields and finally the engineering coefficients and their variance throughout the wooden blocks. The methods regularization is fully parameterizable which allows to model and suppress artifacts due to surface appearance changes of the specimens from mold, cracks, etc. that typically arise in the conditioning process.
Optimization of Cooling Systems for Injection Molding

Abstract An optimization methodology has been developed for the design of injection molding cooling systems. The cooling system design problem has been decomposed to determine the independent and dependent variables of the process and system design. The design goals were quantified and optimal solutions obtained by using numerical optimization techniques. A gradient driven solution method was implemented to perform the optimization task. Several complex molding examples were analyzed and significant improvements in cooling system performance were realized. Both quality and productivity concerns are addressed by the methodology. Commercial mold filling and cooling software are integrated with the optimization code to perform the cooling system analysis.
Translational Nephrology Proteasome inhibition: a new therapeutic option in lupus nephritis? ∗

Antinuclear auto-antibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on the characteristics of these auto-antibodies (somatic mutation, restricted use of certain VH and VL genes, high avidity IgG antibodies, common idiotypes), lupus is regarded as an auto-antigen-driven T-celldependent autoimmune disease [1]. It is generally assumed, however, that the produced auto-antibodies are pivotal for the development of tissue lesions, and hence also B cells are necessary for disease development. Indeed, MRL/lpr lupus mice, which due to a certain genetic manipulation lack B cells, develop neither glomerulonephritis nor vasculitis [2]. Therefore, in lupus, B cells represent a major target for treatment. Cyclophophosphamide, an effective, although toxic, drug in the treatment of lupus nephritis depletes B cells (but also other cell types) and quickly suppresses auto-antibody formation. More recently, a number of new treatment options became available in lupus, all directed at the B cell [3]. These therapies have different mechanisms to influence B-cell function: (i) depletion by anti-CD20 antibodies (rituximab, ocrelizumab); (ii) reduction of anti-DNA titres (LJP394/abetimus); (iii) blockade of T-cell co-stimulation (CTLA4-Ig: abatacept and belatacept) and (iv) blockade of B-cell stimulation via CD40 or the cytokine BLys (belimumab or atacicept). Experience with these B cell-targeted therapies has taught that treatment efficacy goes beyond the reduction of auto-antibody levels and is in part due to silencing of B cells. This also affects other B-cell functions important for development and persistence of autoimmunity. However, these therapies hardly influence long-lived plasma cells. These long-lived plasma cells are important in lupus, because they represent a major fraction of the autoantibody-producing B cells. Since they are a difficult target
Annexin A1 is elevated in patients with COPD and affects lung fibroblast function

Purpose Fibrosis in peripheral airways is responsible for airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Annexin A1 modulates several key biological events during inflammation. However, little is known about its role in airway fibrosis in COPD. We investigated whether levels of Annexin A1 were upregulated in patients with COPD, and whether it promoted airway fibrosis. Methods We quantified serum Annexin A1 levels in never-smokers (n=12), smokers without COPD (n=11), and smokers with COPD (n=22). Correlations between Annexin A1 expression and clinical indicators (eg, lung function) were assessed. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and Annexin A1 expression was assessed. Primary human lung fibroblasts were isolated from patients with COPD and effects of Annexin A1 on fibrotic deposition of lung fibroblasts were evaluated. Results Serum Annexin A1 was significantly higher in patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines stage III or IV than in those with GOLD stages I or II (12.8±0.8 ng/mL versus 9.8±0.7 ng/mL; p=0.016). Annexin A1 expression was negatively associated with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted; r=−0.72, p<0.001). In vitro, Annexin A1 was significantly increased in CSE-exposed HBE cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Annexin A1 promoted lung fibroblasts proliferation, migration, differentiation, and collagen deposition via the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Conclusion Annexin A1 expression is upregulated in patients with COPD and affects lung fibroblast function. However, more studies are needed to clarify the role of Annexin A1 in airway fibrosis of COPD.
Antithrombin III Supplementation on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Impact on Heparin Dose and Circuit Life

Antithrombin III (ATIII) is used during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) based on physiologic rationale and studies during cardiopulmonary bypass. In February 2008, our institution began using ATIII as replacement for low ATIII activity (<70%) in patients supported with ECMO. We hypothesized that ATIII supplementation would reduce heparin infusion rates, increase unfractionated heparin anti-Xa levels, and prolong ECMO circuit life. Data from 40 consecutive patients (45 deployments) requiring ECMO support for >72 hours with venoarterial ECMO from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2008, were collected. Antithrombin III concentrate was administered for ATIII activity <70% at the discretion of the attending physician. The primary outcome was whether the heparin infusion rate was reduced by 10% or more as a result of ATIII administration. No difference in heparin infusion rate (p = 0.245) as a result of ATIII administration was observed. Anti-Xa levels were lower before ATIII administration (p< 0.001) and were increased after ATIII administration (p < 0.001). There was an increased frequency of circuit failure in ATIII treatment group compared with nontreatment group (p = 0.018). Neither heparin responsiveness nor circuit life was enhanced by daily ATIII supplementation for activity <70%. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of antithrombin replacement.
Interaction Multipath in Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging Based on Compressive Sensing

Clutters caused by multipath have been widely researched in through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). The existing research work of multipath only consider reflections from the wall, while in the condition of a small scene, with the increasing number of targets, multipath from targets to targets, named interaction multipath, usually generates ghosts, which degrades the performance of TWRI. In order to mitigate the effect of interaction multipath, considering fast data acquisition and measurement reduction, we made use of the propagation characteristic of interaction multipath to build the sparse model of the target scene and developed a compressive sensing (CS)-based method, which is referred to as ‘interaction CS’. For the number of point targets increasing from 5–8, intensive evaluation and direct comparison of the imaging results with existing methods are conducted to show that the proposed interaction CS performs better at ghost suppression in the same condition of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Cumulative Effect of Obesogenic Behaviours on Adiposity in Spanish Children and Adolescents

Objective: Little is known about the cumulative effect of obesogenic behaviours on childhood obesity risk. We determined the cumulative effect on BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), overweight and abdominal obesity of four lifestyle behaviours that have been linked to obesity. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from the EnKid sudy, a representative sample of Spanish youth. The study included 1,614 boys and girls aged 5-18 years. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Physical activity (PA), screen time, breakfast consumption and meal frequency were self-reported on structured questionnaires. Obesogenic behaviours were defined as <1 h PA/day, ≥2 h/day screen time, skipping breakfast and <3 meals/day. BMI z-score was computed using age- and sex-specific reference values from the World Health Organization (WHO). Overweight including obesity was defined as a BMI > 1 SD from the mean of the WHO reference population. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WHtR ≥ 0.5. Results: High screen time was the most prominent obesogenic behaviour (49.7%), followed by low physical activity (22.4%), low meal frequency (14.4%), and skipping breakfast (12.5%). Although 33% of participants were free of all 4 obesogenic behaviours, 1, 2, and 3 or 4 behaviours were reported by 44.5%, 19.3%, and 5.0%, respectively. BMI z-score and WHtR were positively associated (p < 0.001) with increasing numbers of concurrent obesogenic behaviours. The odds of presenting with obesogenic behaviours were significantly higher in children who were overweight (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.50; 4.80) or had abdominal obesity (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.28; 3.52); they reported more than 2 obesogenic behaviours. High maternal and parental education was inversely associated (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) with increasing presence of obesogenic behaviours. Surrogate markers of adiposity increased with numbers of concurrent presence of obesogenic behaviours. The opposite was true for high maternal and paternal education.
QKI impairs self-renewal and tumorigenicity of oral cancer cells via repression of SOX2

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to tumor initiation, distant metastasis and chemo-resistance. One of RNA-binding proteins, Quaking (QKI), was reported to be a tumor suppressor. Here we showed that reduced QKI levels were observed in many human oral cancer samples. Moreover further reduction of QKI expression in CSCs was detected compared with non-CSCs in oral cancer cell lines. Overexpressing QKI in oral cancer cells significantly reduced CSC sphere formation and stem cell-associated genes. In tumor implanting nude mice model, QKI significantly impeded tumor initiation rates, tumor sizes and lung metastasis rates. As a contrast, knocking down QKI enhanced the above effects. Among the putative CSC target genes, SOX2 expression was negatively affected by QKI, mechanism study revealed that QKI may directly regulate SOX2 expression via specific binding with its 3′UTR in a cis element-dependent way. Loss of SOX2 even completely reversed the sphere forming ability in QKI knockdown cell line. Taken together, these data demonstrated that SOX2 is an important CSC regulator in oral cancer. QKI is a novel CSC inhibitor and impaired multiple oral CSC properties via partial repression of SOX2. Therefore, reduced expression of QKI may provide a novel diagnostic marker for oral cancer.
Process Modeling of Composite Materials: Residual Stress Development during Cure. Part I. Model Formulation

In the production of composite parts the pertinent processing parameters are time, temperature, and pressure. A judicious choice of these three parameters pro duces composites which are fully cured, compacted, and of high quality. Slight deviations from the recommended processing conditions can result in unacceptable quality. One of the most significant problems in the processing of composites is residual stresses. Processing-induced residual stresses can be high enough to cause cracking within the matrix even before mechanical loading. This microcracking of the matrix can expose the fibers to degradation by chemical attack. Strength is adversely affected by residual stresses since a pre-loading has been introduced. The topics considered and discussion presented in this paper have been chosen to ad dress the issue of understanding how residual stresses develop during processing and how they can be predicted. A process model has been developed which can be used to predict the residual stress history during the curing of composite laminates. This model includes the effects of chemical and thermal strains and assumes the material to exhibit linear, vis coelastic behavior. A phenomenological model is used to predict the degree of cure history during the cure cycle. Mechanical properties are allowed to develop based on a functional dependence on the cure state (degree of cure) and the transverse compliance is taken as the only time-dependent compliance. Simultaneous application of the cure kinetics and a vis coelastic stress analysis yields the residual moments and curvatures for unsymmetric cross-ply laminates. An experimental correlation is provided in an accompanying paper.
4TEFFECTS OF GRAIN SIZE, ROUGHNESS, AND HARDNESS OF SEA FLOOR ON BACK SCATTERING VALUE BASED ON HYDROACOUSTIC DETECTION

T Based on results of detection hydroacoustic, backscattering value from the first reflection (E-1) can describe the roughness and from the second reflections (E-2) can describe the hardness of sea floor. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between grain size, roughness and hardness with backscattering values using the hydroacoustic method. The results showed that the roughness, hardness, and diameter size fraction of fine sand substrate were greater than that of muddy sand substrate. The backscattering values of very fine sand substrate were also greater than that of muddy sand substrate.
Long-Range Growth: Economic Development in the Global Network of Air Links

We study the impact of international long-distance flights on the global spatial allocation of economic activity. To identify causal effects, we exploit variation due to regulatory and technological constraints which give rise to a discontinuity in connectedness between cities at a distance of 6000 miles. We show that these air links have a positive effect on local economic activity, as captured by satellite-measured night lights. To shed light on how air links shape economic outcomes, we first present evidence of positive externalities in the global network of air links: connections induce further connections. We then find that air links increase business links, showing that the movement of people fosters the movement of capital. In particular, this is driven mostly by capital flowing from high-income to middle-income (but not low-income) countries. Taken together, our results suggest that increasing interconnectedness generates economic activity at the local level by inducing links between businesses, but also gives rise to increased spatial inequality locally, and potentially globally.
Providing Enhanced Social Interaction Services for Industry Exhibitors at Large Medical Conferences

Large medical conferences offer opportunities for participants to find industry exhibitors that offer products and services relevant to their professional interests. Companies often invest significant effort in promotions that encourage participants to spend time at their stand (e.g. providing free gifts, leaflets, running competitions) and register some contact details. Attendees will use the conference to find others who also share similar professional interests, as well as keep up to date with developments on products such has pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. From both perspectives, a number of improvements can be made to enhance the overall experience by using existing active RFID technology: Vendors would be able to more closely monitor the success of their promotions with statistics on the stand's visitors, as well as find more potential customers by using real-time visualizations; Participants would be able to log their social interactions, keeping an electronic history of the people they have met. The SocioPatterns project and Live Social Semantics experiments have recently demonstrated a scalable and robust infrastructure that would support these kinds of improvements. In this paper, we propose an infrastructure that provides enhanced social interaction services for vendors and participants by using small active RFID badges worn by attendees and attached to fixed locations.
International Risk-Taking, Volatility, and Consumption Growth

We show that countries that take on more international risk are rewarded with higher expected consumption growth. International risk is defined as the beta of a country's consumption growth with world consumption growth. High-beta countries hold more foreign assets, as predicted by the theory. Despite the positive effects of beta, a country's idiosyncratic volatility is negatively correlated with expected consumption growth. Therefore, uninsured shocks affect not only current growth, but also future consumption growth. High-volatility countries have worse net foreign asset positions, suggesting that solvency constraints limit their future growth.