Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient's rating of cognitive ability: using the AD8, a brief informant interview, as a self-rating tool to detect dementia.

OBJECTIVE To test the ability of patients to rate their own cognitive ability using the AD8 compared with informant and clinician ratings of cognitive status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The AD8 was administered to 325 consecutive participant-informant dyads enrolled in a longitudinal study at Washington University School of Medicine between April 4, 2005, and December 15, 2005. The number of AD8 items endorsed by the participant was compared with informant answers and an independently derived Clinical Dementia Rating. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Strength of association was measured with Spearman (rho) and intraclass correlation coefficients. Receiver operator characteristic curves assessed the discriminative properties of the AD8. RESULTS The mean age of participants and informants was 72.8 years (range, 43-104 years) and 66.4 years (range, 24-101 years), respectively. The Clinical Dementia Rating was correlated with both informant (rho = 0.75, P<.001) and participant (rho = 0.34, P<.001) AD8 scores. Participants' AD8 scores had adequate agreement with informants' AD8 scores (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.62) and correlated with subjective complaints of memory problems (rho = 0.47, P<.001) but not with estimates of symptom duration. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for the informant AD8 was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.93); for the participant AD8, it was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.78). CONCLUSIONS The AD8 is a brief measure that, when completed by an informant, differentiates nondemented from demented individuals. We now demonstrate that a self-completed AD8 also differentiates nondemented from demented individuals, although the utility was better in mildly impaired individuals compared with more demented individuals. In the absence of a reliable informant, the AD8 may be asked of the participant to gain an understanding of their perception of cognitive status.
The Relationship Between Faking and Response Latencies: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze the relationship between faking and response latencies (RL). Research studies included in online databases, as well as papers identified in previous reviews, were considered for selection. Inclusion criteria for the studies were (a) to have an experimental faking condition, (b) to measure RL using a computer, and (c) to provide data for calculating the d Cohen effect sizes. Overall effects were significant in the case of honest versus fake good condition (d = 0.20, Z = 3.05, p < .05), and in the case of honest versus fake bad condition (d = 0.39, Z = 2.21, p < .05). Subgroup analyses indicated moderator effects of item type, with larger effects computed on RL of positively keyed items, as compared with RL of negatively keyed items.
A method for subtracting foregrounds from multifrequency CMB sky maps

An improved method for subtracting contaminants from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) sky maps is presented, and used to estimate how well future experiments will be able to recover the primordial CMB fluctuations. We find that the naive method of subtracting foregrounds (such as dust emission, synchrotron radiation, free-free-emission, unresolved point sources, etc) on a pixel by pixel basis can be improved by more than an order of magnitude by taking advantage of the correlation of the emission in neighboring pixels. The optimal multi-frequency subtraction method improves on simple pixel-by-pixel subtraction both by taking noise-levels into account, and by exploiting the fact that most contaminants have angular power spectra that differ substantially from that of the CMB. The results are natural to visualize in the two-dimensional plane with axes defined by multipole l and frequency v. We present a brief overview of the geography of this plane, showing the regions probed by various experiments and where we expect contaminants to dominate. We illustrate the method by estimating how well the proposed ESA COBRAS/SAMBA mission will be able to recover the CMB fluctuations against contaminating foregrounds.
Predictors of Academic Self-Concept for African American College Students

This study explored the roles of demographic variables, grade point average, centrality (an aspect of racial identity), and student-professor interactions in predicting academic self-concept. A convenience sample of 132 African American students (104 females and 28 males) ranging in age from 18 to 38 (Mage = 26), attending a historically Black university completed an online questionnaire assessing demographic information, grade point average, an aspect of racial identity from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity, student-professor interactions, and academic self-concept. Results showed that grade point average and student-professor interactions characterized by faculty’s level of care were significant factors in predicting academic self-concept. These relationships may be important for understanding salient factors that influence the academic self-concept in African American college students.
Early, Late or Never? When Does Parental Education Impact Child Outcomes?

We estimate the causal effect of parents' education on their children's education and examine the timing of the impact. We identify the causal effect by exploiting the exogenous shift in (parents') education levels induced by the 1972 minimum school leaving age reform in England. Increasing parental education has a positive causal effect on children's outcomes that is evident in preschool assessments at age 4 and continues to be visible up to and including high-stakes examinations taken at age 16. Children of parents affected by the reform attain results around 0.1 standard deviations higher than those whose parents were not impacted.
Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Replication and Extension

It has recently been argued that psychopathy can be understood and represented using common dimensions of personality taken from the Five-factor model (FFM). In this research, we examined this possibility by using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) to assess psychopathy in an undergraduate sample. Specifically, we matched individuals' NEO-PI-R profiles with an expert-generated psychopathy prototype to yield a psychopathy score. These scores were correlated with self-reports of drug use, delinquency, risky sex, aggression, and several laboratory tasks. FFM psychopathy was significantly related to all forms of deviance, although the effects tended to be small in size. Moreover, individuals who more closely resembled the prototypic FFM psychopath were more aggressive in a laboratory aggression task, less willing to delay gratification in a time discounting task, and demonstrated a preference for aggressive responses in a social information-processing paradigm.
Random Regular Graph and Generalized De Bruijn Graph with $k$ -Shortest Path Routing

The Random regular graph (RRG) has recently been proposed as an interconnect topology for future large scale data centers and HPC clusters. An RRG is a special case of <italic>directed regular graph</italic> (DRG) where each link is unidirectional and all nodes have the same number of incoming and outgoing links. In this work, we establish bounds for DRGs on diameter, average <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="faizian-ieq2-2741492.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-shortest path length, and a load balancing property with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="faizian-ieq3-2741492.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-shortest path routing, and use these bounds to evaluate RRGs. The results indicate that an RRG with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="faizian-ieq4-2741492.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> -shortest path routing is not ideal in terms of diameter and load balancing. We further consider the Generalized De Bruijn Graph (GDBG), a deterministic DRG, and prove that for most network configurations, a GDBG is near optimal in terms of diameter, average <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="faizian-ieq5-2741492.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-shortest path length, and load balancing with a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="faizian-ieq6-2741492.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-shortest path routing scheme. Finally, we use modeling and simulation to exploit the strengths and weaknesses of RRGs for different traffic conditions by comparing RRGs with GDBGs.
A research note on the association between work–family conflict and job stress among Chinese prison staff

ABSTRACT Job stress, which has been found to have numerous negative effects on U.S. correctional staff, occurs as a result of stressors in the work environment. Recent research in the U.S. suggests that work–family conflict (e.g. time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict) may contribute to job stress for correctional staff. This exploratory study examined how different dimensions of work–family conflict were associated with job stress by surveying 322 staff at 2 Chinese prisons, 1 for male inmates and 1 for female inmates, in Guangzhou. An Ordinary Least Squares regression equation was computed with the job stress index as the dependent variable, and the personal characteristics (i.e. age, tenure, gender, educational level, and marital status) and the four work–family conflict variables as the independent variables. The independent variables explained about 49% of the observed variance in the job stress variable. The personal characteristics, time-based conflict, and family-on-work conflict did not have a statistically significant association with job stress in the multivariate analysis, but both strain-based conflict and behavior-based conflict had negative associations.
The Flipped Experience for Chinese University Students Studying English as a Foreign Language

Many educators worldwide are aware that traditional teacher-fronted instruction and lecture-based learning often lead students to become passive in the classroom. In the language classroom, particularly in classrooms for English as a second or foreign language, the flipped model of education drives students to become more responsive and more engaged in lessons. Current literature on the flipped model suggests that providing more lecture-based lessons outside of the classroom via video recordings and creating more student-centered activities inside the classroom may help enhance students' attitudes and learner autonomy. By collecting data during a large-scale experiment at the University of Macau, this study provides insight into learner attitudes in the areas of teaching orientation; use of technology; and social, cognitive, and learner presence. Findings show that students in the flipped sections had more positive attitudes to the language learning experience than students in the non-flipped sections.
Pyrosequencing Dried Blood Spots Reveals Differences in HIV Drug Resistance between Treatment Naïve and Experienced Patients

Dried blood spots (DBS) are an alternative specimen collection format for HIV-1 genotyping. DBS produce HIV genotyping results that are robust and equivalent to plasma when using conventional sequencing methods. However, using tagged, pooled pyrosequencing, we demonstrate that concordance between plasma and DBS is not absolute and varies according to viral load (VL), duration of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status. The plasma/DBS concordance is the highest when VL is ≥5,000 copies/ml and/or the patient has no ART exposure and/or when the duration of HIV infection is ≤2 years. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that VL is most important independent predictor for concordance of DBS with plasma genotypes. This is the first study to use next generation sequencing to identify discordance between DBS and plasma genotypes. Consideration should be given to VL, duration of infection, and ART exposure when interpreting DBS genotypes produced using next generation sequencing. These findings are of particular significance when DBS are to be used for clinical monitoring purposes.
A Computational Exploration of the Efficacy of Fibonacci Sequences in Technical Analysis and Trading

Among the vast assemblage of technical analysis tools, the ones based on Fibonacci recurrences in asset prices are relatively more scientific. In this paper, we review some of the popular technical analysis methodologies based on Fibonacci sequences and also advance a theoretical rationale as to why security prices may be seen to follow such sequences. We also analyse market data for an indicative empirical validation of the ecacy or otherwise of such sequences in predicting critical security price retracements that may be useful in constructing automated trading systems. c 2006 Peking University Press
A survey of asymptotic classes and measurable structures

In this article we survey a body of results about classes of finite first order structures in which definable sets have a rather uniform asymptotic behaviour. Non-principal ultraproducts of such classes may have unstable theory, but will be supersimple of finite rank. In addition, they inherit a definable measure on definable sets. The starting point for this work was the following result of [10] on definability in finite fields.
The interpersonal nature of depressive symptoms: The impact of biased perceptions and reassurance-seeking on experiences of support within romantic relationships

This thesis investigated whether biased perceptions and reassurance-seeking undermine the support people with elevated depressive symptoms need from their romantic partners. I predicted that greater depressive symptoms would be associated with more negatively biased perceptions of partners’ support, and that these negative perceptions would contribute to (1) lower feelings of support and more negative emotions toward the partner, and (2) increases in depressive symptoms across time, especially for those individuals who were initially higher in depressive symptoms. I also explored whether greater reassurance-seeking previously shown to be associated with depressive symptoms, contributed to these effects by (1) reducing support provision by the partner, thereby (2) increasing depressive symptoms over time. I examined these processes using self-report questionnaires of couples’ (N = 100) support experiences over the past month as well as behavioural observations of support provision as couples engaged in support-relevant discussions. In both methods, participants reported on the support they received from their partner and their feelings of support, negative emotions, and evaluations of the support transaction. Couples were also followed up across the following six months to assess changes in depressive symptoms across time. Women with elevated depressive symptoms held negatively biased perceptions of the support they received from their partners when compared to their partners’ reported support provision and ratings of their partners’ support provision by independent coders. Moreover, these negatively biased perceptions were associated with lower felt support and more negative emotions toward partners, and contributed to the exacerbation of depressive symptoms across time for women who were initially high in depressive symptoms. The results also demonstrated that women’s depressive symptoms were associated with greater reassurance-seeking. However, rather than undermining support provision as predicted, greater reassurance-seeking was associated with greater observer-rated
Spatial Targeting of Agri-Environmental Policy and Urban Development

Widespread public support exists for the provision of natural amenities, such as lakes, rivers or wetlands, and for efforts to preserve these from agricultural pollution. Agri-environmental policies contribute to these efforts by encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally friendly practices within the vicinity of these ecosystems. A spatially targeted agri-environmental policy promotes natural amenities and may thereby affect household location decisions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent of these impacts on the spatial urban structure. We extend a monocentric city model to include farmers’ responses to an agri-environmental policy. Our main findings are that the implementation of a spatially targeted agrienvironmental policy may lead to some additional urban development, which could conflict with the aim of the policy. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Pharmacokinetic study of metformin to compare a voglibose/metformin fixed-dose combination with coadministered voglibose and metformin

The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of metformin between a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of voglibose/metformin and co-administered individual voglibose and metformin tablets in healthy Korean volunteers under fasting conditions. A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-way crossover study with a 7-day wash-out period was conducted. Plasma samples were collected for up to 24 hours and were analyzed for metformin using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC/MS). A non-compartmental method was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Vital signs and adverse events were monitored, and physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate safety. In total, 28 subjects completed the study. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) and the 90% confidence interval (CIs) of Cmax and AUC0–t of metformin were 102.4 (94.5 – 111.0) and 107.1 (100.1 – 114.7), respectively. In total, 7 adverse drug reactions occurred in 4 subjects during the study; of these, 3 cases were from 3 subjects in the test treatment group, and 4 cases were from 3 subjects in the reference treatment group. All adverse drug reactions had been reported previously, and all subjects recovered fully without any sequelae. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic profiles of metformin in two different study treatments, a voglibose/metformin FDC vs. the coadministration of the individual formulations, met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in healthy Korean subjects under fasting conditions. There was no significant difference in safety profiles between the two treatments.
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Patients with Recurrent and Newly Diagnosed Malignant Gliomas

Malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis despite advances in diagnosis and therapy. Although postoperative temozolomide and radiotherapy improve overall survival in glioblastoma patients, most patients experience a recurrence. The prognosis of recurrent malignant gliomas is dismal, and more effective therapeutic strategies are clearly needed. Antiangiogenesis is currently considered an attractive targeting therapy for malignant gliomas due to its important role in tumor growth. Clinical trials using bevacizumab have been performed for recurrent glioblastoma, and these studies have shown promising response rates along with progression-free survival. Based on the encouraging results, bevacizumab was approved by the FDA for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. In addition, bevacizumab has shown to be effective for recurrent anaplastic gliomas. Large phase III studies are currently ongoing to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to temozolomide and radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. In contrast, several other antiangiogenic drugs have also been used in clinical trials. However, previous studies have not shown whether antiangiogenesis improves the overall survival of malignant gliomas. Specific severe side effects, difficult assessment of response, and lack of rational predictive markers are challenging problems. Further studies are warranted to establish the optimized antiangiogenesis therapy for malignant gliomas.
Electrophysiological Evidence of Human Memory Formation

This dissertation involves a series of experiments that investigated the neurocognitive processes engaged in episodic association formation. Electroencephalograms were recorded from healthy, young adults while they memorized visually presented words or word pairs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during the study phase were examined based on participants’ subsequent memory performance. Study 1 demonstrated that association formation, but not item encoding, was reflected by ERP positivity that occurred late during the ERP trial over the parietal scalp region. Study 2 showed that encoding processes associated with subsequent pairedassociate recall were qualitatively different between two retention intervals (RIs). Sustained ERP positivities were observed late during the ERP trial over the frontal and fronto-central scalp regions for the long and short RIs, respectively. The fronto-central positivity was investigated further in Study 3 using the distinction between primary memory (PM) and secondary memory (SM). Items retrieved from SM have been absent from consciousness, whereas items in PM have not. The observed fronto-central positivity was shown to reflect binding in a general sense (interitem and intra-item associations). Study 4 demonstrated that associative binding strength is reflected by ERPs recorded late during the ERP trial over the right frontal and left centro-parietal scalp regions. Study 4 also enabled an investigation on the “negative recency effect” – items presented at the end of a series are remembered with the lowest probability on a delayed memory iii test, even though they are remembered best on an immediate memory test. The results suggest that at least some of the factors that contribute to this effect occur during retrieval. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the ERP methodology, combined with behavioural data, can be used to provide an objective measure of depth of processing used to encode information, and in doing so helps address one of the major criticisms of the levels-of-processing framework.
Gamut Compression and Extension Algorithms Based on Observer Experimental Data

Gamut compression algorithms have traditionally been defined functionally and then tested with deductive methods, e.g., psychophysical experiments. Our study offers an alternative, an inductive method, in which observers judge image colors to represent the original images more accurately. We developed a computer‐controlled interactive tool that modifies the color appearance of pictorial images displayed on a monitor. In experiments, observers used the tool to alter color pixels according to the region of color space to which they belonged. We created three different gamut compression algorithms based on the observer experimental data. Observer groups evaluated the performance of the newly‐developed algorithms, existing gamut compression algorithms, and an image based on the average observers’ results from experiments in this study.