Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Gene Body DNA Methylation and Intragenic H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 Chromatin Marks

To elucidate the relationship between intragenic DNA methylation and chromatin marks, we performed epigenetic profiling of chromosome 19 in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 as well as its counterpart with double knockout of DNMT1 and DNMT3B (HCT116-DKO). Analysis of H3K36me3 profiles indicated that this intragenic mark of active genes is associated with two categories of genes: (i) genes with low CpG density and H3K9me3 in the gene body or (ii) genes with high CpG density and DNA methylation in the gene body. We observed that a combination of low CpG density in gene bodies together with H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 occupancy is a specific epigenetic feature of zinc finger (ZNF) genes, which comprise 90% of all genes carrying both histone marks on chromosome 19. For genes with high intragenic CpG density, transcription and H3K36me3 occupancy were not changed in conditions of partial or intensive loss of DNA methylation in gene bodies. siRNA knockdown of SETD2, the major histone methyltransferase responsible for production of H3K36me3, did not reduce DNA methylation in gene bodies. Our study suggests that the H3K36me3 and DNA methylation marks in gene bodies are established largely independently of each other and points to similar functional roles of intragenic DNA methylation and intragenic H3K9me3 for CpG-rich and CpG-poor genes, respectively.
Design of low cost programmable DC power supply unit

The main scope of this work is to design a low cost programmable DC power supply unit for electronics laboratory. The system designed provides a low cost solution with specifications needed for electronics laboratory. The power supply unit is an open loop control system which is designed using a buck regulator IC and the controller uses PIC24FJ64GA002 microcontroller which provides control signal to the unit to achieve the programmed voltage at output terminal. Control panel with matrix keypad and alphanumeric character LCD is a part of controller which provides user interface to feed - the control input and to display the output values. The proposed system has triple output DC power with voltage ranges from 0V to +/-12V and a short circuit current limiter is provided to give short protection and current limiting at the output terminal of unit. The system has been successfully developed and hardware verification using PIC24FJ64GA002 microcontroller has shown that the system is working as expected with satisfactory results.
On the impact of transceiver impairments on af relaying

Recently, it was shown that transceiver hardware impairments have a detrimental impact on the performance of communication systems, especially for high-rate systems. The vast majority of technical contributions in the area of relaying assume ideal transceiver hardware. This paper quantifies the impact of transceiver hardware impairments in dual-hop Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying, both for fixed and variable gain relays. The outage probability (OP) in this practical scenario is a function of the instantaneous end-to-end signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR). This paper derives closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic OPs under Rayleigh fading, accounting for hardware impairments at both the transmitter and the relay. The performance loss is small at low spectral efficiency, but can otherwise be very substantial. In particular, it turns out that for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the instantaneous end-to-end SNDR converges to a deterministic constant, called the SNDR ceiling, which is inversely proportional to the level of impairments. This stands in stark contrast to the ideal hardware case for which the end-to-end SNDR grows without bound in the high SNR regime.
Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Pleural Endpoints Following Fiber Exposure

Exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with non-neoplastic pleural diseases including plaques, fibrosis, and benign effusions, as well as with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. Translocation and retention of fibers are fundamental processes in understanding the interactions between the dose and dimensions of fibers retained at this anatomic site and the subsequent pathological reactions. The initial interaction of fibers with target cells in the pleura has been studied in cellular models in vitro and in experimental studies in vivo. The proposed biological mechanisms responsible for non-neoplastic and neoplastic pleural diseases and the physical and chemical properties of asbestos fibers relevant to these mechanisms are critically reviewed. Understanding mechanisms of asbestos fiber toxicity may help us anticipate the problems from future exposures both to asbestos and to novel fibrous materials such as nanotubes. Gaps in our understanding have been outlined as guides for future research.
Marked reduction of cerebral vasospasm with lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECT Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a major source of morbidity in patients despite significant clinical and basic science research. Efforts to prevent vasospasm by removing spasmogens from the subarachnoid space have produced mixed results. The authors hypothesize that lumbar cisternal drainage can remove blood from the basal subarachnoid spaces more effectively than an external ventricular drain (EVD). This non-randomized, controlled-cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a lumbar drain in patients with SAH compared with those in whom an EVD or no form of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was used to prevent the development of clinical vasospasm and its sequelae. METHODS The authors collected data on 266 patients with nontraumatic SAH who were admitted to the University of Utah Health Sciences Center between January 1994 and January 2003. Of these, 167 met the study entry criteria. The treatment group consisted of 81 patients in whom a lumbar drain had been placed for CSF shunting, whereas the control group was composed of 86 patients who received no form of CSF drainage or who were treated solely with an EVD. Primary outcome measures were as follows: 1) clinically evident vasospasm; 2) the need for endovascular intervention; 3) vasospasm-induced infarction; 4) disposition at time of discharge; and 5) Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 1 to 3 months postdischarge. Secondary outcomes included length of stay and the need for CSF shunting. The presence of a lumbar drain conferred a statistically significant protective and beneficial effect across all outcome measures, reducing the incidence of clinical vasospasm from 51 to 17%, the need for angioplasty from 45 to 17%, and the occurrence of vasospastic infarction from 27 to 7% (all p < or = 0.001-0.008). Patients in the treatment group were more likely to be discharged home (54% compared with 25%, p = 0.002) and to have a GOS score of 5 at follow up (71% compared with 35%, p < 0.001). The mean number of days spent in the intensive care unit and in the hospital overall was also fewer in the treatment group. A similar degree of benefit was found in patients with different Fisher grades and regardless of whether an EVD was needed on presentation, both by subgroup analysis and multivariate logistic regression modeling. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of patients requiring a shunt. Complications with lumbar drains were rare and yielded no permanent sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Shunting of CSF through a lumbar drain after an SAH markedly reduces the risk of clinically evident vasospasm and its sequelae, shortens hospital stay, and improves outcome. Its beneficial effects are probably mediated through the removal of spasmogens that exist in the CSF. The results of this study warrant a randomized clinical trial, which is currently under way.
Love in a time of scarcity: an event-hermeneutical interpretation

Love as a theological virtue raises difficult questions. How can love be a gift from God, and yet at the same time human beings can be praised for the love of others? How can love be infused by God, and also be an act of free will? An event-hermeneutical approach can help us to find answers to these questions. This article presents an event-hermeneutical reading of the parable of the prodigal son, and the phenomenological analysis of love by Harry Frankfurt. The fact that a person comes to love the object of his love implies a deep transformation of the will. But love is a risk: it may happen, but it need not. The (im)possibility of transformation is deepened by looking at the phenomenon of scarcity. At the end of the article, the author summarises five elements of a theological theory on the virtue of love in a time of scarcity
ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROL SATURATION IN PUMPING-DAMPING STRATEGIES FOR THE INVERTED PENDULUM

In this paper the control law presented in (Åström et al., 2005) is modified in order to deal with saturation in the control signal. It is shown that the problem can be solved without leaving the Hamiltonian shaping approach. An almost-global stability result provides values for the tuning parameters. Copyright c © 2006 IFAC.
Merits of using repository metrics in defect prediction for open source projects

Many corporate code developers are the beta testers of open source software.They continue testing until they are sure that they have a stable version to build their code on. In this respect defect predictors play a critical role to identify defective parts of the software. Performance of a defect predictor is determined by correctly finding defective parts of the software without giving any false alarms. Having high false alarms means testers/ developers would inspect bug free code unnecessarily. Therefore in this research we focused on decreasing the false alarm rates by using repository metrics. We conducted experiments on the data sets of Eclipse project. Our results showed that repository metrics decreased the false alarm rates on the average to 23% from 32% corresponding up to 907 less files to inspect.
Structural Recovery of the Detached Macula after Retinal Detachment Repair as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To investigate correlations between preoperative and postoperative foveal microstructures in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods We reviewed the records of 31 eyes from 31 patients with macula-off RRD who had undergone successful re-attachment surgery. We analyzed data obtained from complete ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 9 to 12 months after surgery. All postoperative OCT measurements were taken with spectral-domain OCT, but a subset of preoperative OCT measurements were taken with time-domain OCT. Results The mean duration of macular detachment was 15.5 ± 15.2 days, and mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 1.03 ± 0.68. Preoperative visual acuity was correlated with retinal detachment height (p < 0.001) and the existence of intraretinal separation (IRS) along with outer layer undulation (OLU) (p = 0.022), but not with macula-off duration. The final BCVA was significantly correlated with integrity of the junction between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments (IS/OS) combined with the continuity of external limiting membrane (ELM) (p = 0.025). The presence of IRS and OLU on a detached macula were highly correlated with the final postoperative integrity of the IS/OS junction and the ELM (p = 0.017). Conclusions Eyes preoperatively exhibiting IRS and OLU showed a higher incidence of disruption to the photoreceptor IS/OS junction and the ELM at final follow-up. Such a close correlation between preoperative and postoperative structural changes may explain why ultimate visual recovery in such eyes is poor.
A Quadruple-Phase Strong Mg II Absorber at z ~ 0.9902 toward PG 1634+706

The z = 0.9902 system along the quasar PG 1634+706 line of sight is a strong Mg II absorber [Wr(λ2796) > 0.3 Å] with only weak C IV absorption (it is "C IV-deficient"). To study this system, we used high-resolution spectra from both the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Keck I telescope High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES). The STIS spectrum has a resolution of R = 30,000 and covers key transitions such as Si II, C II, Si III, C III, Si IV, and C IV. The HIRES spectrum, with a resolution of R = 45,000, covers the Mg I, Mg II, and Fe II transitions. Assuming a Haardt & Madau extragalactic background spectrum, we modeled the system with a combination of photoionization and collisional ionization. Based on a comparison of synthetic spectra with the data profiles, we infer the existence of the following four phases of gas:
Why class matters less for Asian-American academic achievement

ABSTRACT Asian-Americans are 6% of the U.S. population but comprise more than one-fifth of the entering classes in the country’s Ivy League universities. At prestigious public universities like the University of California, Berkeley, they constitute more than 40% of the student body. Figures like these would be unremarkable if Asian-Americans students uniformly hailed from high socioeconomic backgrounds, but this is not the case. Even the children of Chinese immigrants and Vietnamese refugees whose parents have less than a high school education graduate from college at nearly the same rate as their middle-class peers, pointing to a perplexing Asian-American achievement paradox. Unable to explain the paradox, commentators of various political persuasions have pointed to the role of Asian culture in promoting exceptional academic outcomes. We debunk the specious claim that academic achievement can be reduced to Asian culture. What has been missing from the debate is the role that U.S. immigration law has had in ushering in a steady stream of highly selected, highly educated immigrants from Asia – what we refer to as ‘hyper-selectivity. ’ The direct and spill-over effects of hyper-selectivity help to explain why class matters less for Asian-Americans than for other groups for academic achievement.
Non-violence or Violent Extremism: Young Refugees’ Propensities Pending the Resolution of the Conflict in Western Sahara

This article explores the likelihood of seeing the younger generation of Western Sahara refugees have recourse to violent extremism in lieu of a non-violent political struggle for independence. It is argued that destitution in the refugee camps along with the spreading of the terrorist threat in the Sahara and Sahel region constitute exacerbating factors in the increasing discontent of the youth exiled in the Algerian desert. In this context, a quantitative study was undertaken to explore the relationship between factors like age, poverty and gender and the abandonment of non-violent political resistance. Three instruments were used to conduct this research: the Post-Migration Living Difficulties Questionnaire, the Activism and Radicalism Intentions Scales, and the Feeling Thermometer. The results found that there was a strong relationship between poverty and the likelihood to abandon non-violence. The purpose of this research is to provide recommendations to policy-makers and to the authorities in charge of the Western Sahara dossier.
Neural basis of recognition memory within the medial temporal lobe

Wiedererkennungsgedachtnis ist die Fahigkeit, zu beurteilen, ob ein Objekt bereits aufgetreten und bekannt ist. Einiger Konsens besteht daruber, dass der mediale Temporallappen (MTL) zur Erinnerung notwendig ist, und vieles weist auf den Hippocampus als Hauptsubstrat hin. Dennoch bleibt das neuronale Netzwerk, welches das Wiedererkennungsgedachtnis unterstutzt, hoch umstritten. Um den Einfluss des MTL auf die Wiedererkennung zu untersuchen, haben wir eine Geruchsbasierte Wiedererkennungsgedachtnisaufgabe durch Nager mit Fluoreszenz in situ Hybridisierung der unmittelbaren fruhen Gen-pre-mRNA \(\it Arc\) (Aktivitat reguliert Zytoskelett) kombiniert. Das zweite Projekt untersucht die Integritat des Hippocampus uber MRI-Volumetrie-Technik, im Zusammenhang mit der Alterung. Es wurde berichtet, dass sich alte Tiere mit raumlichen Gedachtnisstorungen auf ihr Vertrautheitsurteil verlassen, um Wiedererkennungsaufgaben zu losen.
Sensation transference from plateware to food: The sounds and tastes of plates

We report two experiments designed to extend the well-known Bouba/Kiki effect to the case of an unusual set of commercially-produced plateware, and further to assess the influences of these plates on the expected taste of a dessert based on the theory of crossmodal correspondences. The results demonstrate that plates having a smoother circumference are more likely to be matched to “Bouba”, while those with a pointier circumference are more likely to be matched to “Kiki” instead, thus demonstrating the typical Bouba/Kiki effect. Importantly, the shape and colour of the plates modulated people’s ratings of the expected taste and liking of the ice-cream/sorbet displayed on them. Specifically, the colour of the plate induced a general effect on the expected tastes that were consistent with the white-sweet and black-bitter associations, and the higher expected liking was attributed to the higher colour contrast between the food and plate. The shape of the plate modulated ratings of expected liking for the chocolate ice-cream, and the expected sweetness of the lemon sorbet, respectively. Finally, colour and shape conjointly modulated the expected sourness of the lemon sorbet. These results provide relevant insights for those chefs, restaurateurs, and Instagrammers wishing to optimize the plateware for specific dishes.
MAP selection-diversity DFE for indoor wireless data communications

Indoor high-speed wireless data networks encounter signal fading and delay-spread multipath propagation. Hence, the realization of low error rate transmission requires measures to combat the performance degradation due to both signal fading and intersymbol interference (ISI). Receiver diversity has been known to be an efficient way of coping with the former problem, while adaptive equalization could be used to mitigate the effects of the latter. Incorporation of receiver diversity with adaptive equalization is therefore desirable. We propose a novel selection-diversity approach with an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). In this method, selection is done on a symbol-by-symbol basis such that the output of the branch with the lowest estimated a posteriori probability of error is used as the final decision. This final (and hence more reliable) decision is used to adapt the DFE for all diversity branches. It is shown in this paper that the proposed selection rule is optimal for selection-diversity in the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) sense. A very simple selection metric can be derived from this selection rule and practical ways of computing the selection metric are also presented. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very efficient. It is capable of achieving almost the same performance as an optimal [least squares (LS)], but computationally intensive, combining diversity approach. Furthermore, at an average bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -4/, a gain of approximately 1.25 dB can be achieved over a previously proposed selection-diversity equalization approach.
Real-Time Imaging of Discrete Exocytic Events Mediating Surface Delivery of AMPA Receptors

We directly resolved discrete exocytic fusion events mediating insertion of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) to the somatodendritic surface of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons, in slice and dissociated cultures, using protein tagging with a pH-sensitive GFP (green fluorescent protein) variant and rapid (10 frames/s) fluorescence microscopy. AMPAR-containing exocytic events occurred under basal culture conditions in both the cell body and dendrites; potentiating chemical stimuli produced an NMDA receptor-dependent increase in the frequency of individual exocytic events. The number of AMPARs inserted per exocytic event, estimated using single-molecule analysis, was quite uniform but individual events differed significantly in kinetic properties affecting the subsequent surface distribution of receptors. “Transient” events, from which AMPARs dispersed laterally immediately after surface insertion, generated a pronounced but short-lived (dissipating within ∼1 s) increase in surface AMPAR fluorescence extending locally (2–5 μm) from the site of exocytosis. “Persistent” events, from which inserted AMPARs dispersed slowly (typically over 5–10 s), affected local surface receptor concentration to a much smaller degree. Both modes of exocytic insertion occurred throughout the dendritic shaft, but remarkably, neither mode of insertion was observed directly into synaptic spines. AMPARs entered spines preferentially from transient events occurring in the adjoining dendritic shaft, driven apparently by mass action and short-range lateral diffusion, and locally delivered AMPARs remained mostly in the mobile fraction. These results suggest a highly dynamic mechanism for both constitutive and activity-dependent surface delivery of AMPARs, mediated by kinetically distinct exocytic modes that differ in propensity to drive lateral entry of receptors to nearby synapses.
Paradigm shift or normal science? The future of (biosocial) criminology

For much of the history of criminology, tension has existed between sociologically oriented and biologically oriented perspectives. In recent years, a new, more nuanced approach has emerged which attempts to take both perspectives seriously and integrate them into a biosocial criminology. Yet, it remains, in large part, a fringe field of study. We argue that this is due, primarily, to critical as well as supportive scholars’ views that the ‘biosocial’ perspective represents a paradigm shift in the field of criminology. In this article, drawing on our work with the late Nicole Rafter, we present a case that rather than a paradigm shift, this biosocial turn simply represents a maturing field. In doing so, we describe the ways in which biosocial criminology examines crime and antisocial behavior as a biological and social phenomenon. At the same time, we also point out some cautions with respect to this body of work. We conclude with a vision of the future of (biosocial) criminology.
The Governor and the State Higher Education Executive Officer: How the Relationship Shapes State Financial Support for Higher Education

ABSTRACT Researchers have shown renewed interest during the past decade in the relationships among politics, policy, finance, and governance of higher education at the state level. Little attention, however, has been paid to state higher education executive officers (SHEEOs), the individuals responsible for leading the agencies that oversee higher education in the 50 states. Of noteworthy interest is the fact that the states vary in regard to the nature of the institutional relationship between the SHEEO and the governor, who has been shown in the literature to exert a strong influence over state higher education policy and finance. To explore the relationship, we developed measures that capture relevant dimensions of the relationship between the 2 actors and tested the impact of these measures on state spending for higher education using a unique panel of state-level data spanning more than 2 decades. We found that the institutional relationship between the SHEEO and the governor has a significant impact on state support for higher education.