Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapist Effects on and Predictors of Non-Consensual Dropout in Psychotherapy.

BACKGROUND Whereas therapist effects on outcome have been a research topic for several years, the influence of therapists on premature treatment termination (dropout) has hardly been investigated. Since dropout is common during psychological treatment, and its occurrence has important implications for both the individual patient and the healthcare system, it is important to identify the factors associated with it. METHOD Participants included 707 patients in outpatient psychotherapy treated by 66 therapists. Multilevel logistic regression models for dichotomous data were used to estimate the impact of therapists on patient dropout. Additionally, sociodemographic variables, symptoms, personality style and treatment expectations were investigated as potential predictors. RESULTS It was found that 5.7% of variance in dropout could be attributed to therapists. The therapist's effect remained significant after controlling for patient's initial impairment. Furthermore, initial impairment was a predictor of premature termination. Other significant predictors of dropout on a patient level were male sex, lower education status, more histrionic and less compulsive personality style and negative treatment expectations. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that differences between therapists influence the likelihood of dropout in outpatient psychotherapy. Further research should focus on variables, which have the potential to explain these inter-individual differences between therapists (e.g., therapist's experience or self-efficacy). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGES There are substantial differences between therapists concerning their average dropout rates. At the patient level, higher initial impairment, male sex, lower education, less compulsive personality style, more histrionic personality style and low treatment expectations seem to be risk factors of non-consensual treatment termination. Psychometric feedback during the course of treatment should be used to identify patients who are at risk for dropout.
Globalization and the Welfare State. Testing the Microfoundations of the Compensation Hypothesis

The debate on how globalization affects the welfare state has so far largely neglected to examine the microlevel causal mechanism underlying different macrolevel claims. Based on survey data from Switzerland, this article provides empirical microfoundations for the so-called compensation hypothesis. It finds that globalization losers are more likely to express feelings of economic insecurity. Such feelings, in turn, increase preferences for welfare state expansion, which in turn increase the likelihood of voting for the Social Democratic Party. The analysis also shows that globalization losers and winners differ significantly with regard to their social policy preferences and their propensity to vote for left parties. The article is innovative on two counts: First, it uses a number of different and more nuanced indicators measuring individuals’ positions as beneficiaries or losers of increasing global competition. Second, rather than focusing on one particular part of the causal chain, it tests the entire individual-level causal mechanism implied by the compensation hypothesis.
Evaluation of the acceptability of a vaccine against herpes zoster in the over 50 years old: an Italian observational study

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate awareness of the varicella zoster virus and the acceptability of the newly available herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine in the over 50 years old general population. Design The research was observational. Setting The study was carried out in Ferrara by administering a questionnaire to patients of the Local Health Authority (LHA), general practitioners (GPs) and Public Health Department outpatient clinics. Participants The questionnaire was completed by 1001 residents of Ferrara Province. Results Of the respondents, 98% and 95% (57% female) were aware of varicella and HZ, respectively, but 91% were unaware of the HZ vaccine. Nevertheless, 58% declared that they were in favour of vaccination in this regard, and the acceptability of the vaccine was positively affected by: age (p=0.005); knowing someone who had suffered from HZ (p=0.05); being in favour of vaccination in general (p<0.0001); receiving advice to do so from their GP (p<0.0001) and willingness to get vaccinated even on a fee-paying basis (p<0.0001). Indeed, most (73%) respondents were willing to pay to get vaccinated, indicating an ideal cost of €50. Higher education (p=0.04), being in favour of vaccinations in general (p<0.0001) and GP advice (p<0.0001) positively affected this choice. Furthermore, 61% of the participants initially unfavourable (p<0.0001) to this immunisation would change their decision not to vaccinate thanks to their GP's advice. Conclusions This study assessed the level of awareness and the attitudes of the population aged over 50 years, highlighting aspects to be focused on in the promotion of the HZ vaccine.
LONG-TERM NONOPERATIVE RATE OF THYROID NODULES WITH BENIGN RESULTS ON THE AFIRMA GENE EXPRESSION CLASSIFIER.

OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to assess the operative rate in patients with a benign result from the Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) during long-term follow-up at nonacademic medical facilities. The secondary endpoint of this study was the treating physician's opinion regarding the safety of GEC use compared to the hypothetical situation of providing thyroid nodule management without the GEC. METHODS This was a retrospective study of nonacademic medical practices utilizing the GEC. Those clinicians utilizing the GEC testing who had three or more 'benign' results during the data collection period (September 2010 through June 2014) were invited to participate. Operative status and patient demographics were documented for patients with GEC testing at least 36 months (± 3 months) prior to the date of data collection. A survey also was administered to the treating physicians to assess their perceived safety of using the GEC in patient care. RESULTS During 36 months (± 3 months) of follow-up, 17 of 98 patients (17.3%) with a 'benign' GEC result underwent surgery. Within the first 2 years after a 'benign' GEC, 88% of surgeries were performed. Regarding safety of the GEC, the treating physicians reported that patient safety was improved by using the GEC compared to not using the GEC in 78 of 91 cases (86%). CONCLUSION It appears that a 'benign' result on the GEC is associated with a reduction in the rate of thyroid surgeries compared to published data when patients are followed for 36 months after testing. A nonoperative approach to follow-up was felt to be a safe alternative to diagnostic surgery by the majority of responsible physicians in the study. ABBREVIATIONS AUS = atypia of undetermined significance FLUS = follicular lesion of undetermined significance FN = follicular neoplasm FNA = fine-needle aspiration GEC = gene expression classifier.
Sapovirus Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities, Oregon and Minnesota, USA, 2002–2009

Sapovirus gives new meaning to the phrase “cradle to grave. ” Historically, sapovirus has been associated with gastrointestinal illness in children living in group settings such as hospitals, shelters, or refugee camps. But now, sapovirus outbreaks are occurring among elderly residents of long-term care and similar facilities. These elderly residents are especially vulnerable to rapidly transmitted gastrointestinal viruses and serious complications. This virus has been making the rounds in long-term care facilities since 2002, and outbreaks started increasing in 2007. Sapovirus testing should be added to routine diagnostic workups for gastrointestinal infections, regardless of patient age group. Results can be used to develop prevention, control, and treatment guidelines, especially for vulnerable elderly populations.
Interleukin-4 causes delayed virus clearance in influenza virus-infected mice

Two different subsets of T cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, have been demonstrated to secrete different profiles of cytokines and to influence various infections in different ways. Whereas cytokines secreted by Th1 cells, particularly gamma interferon, promote the generation of cell-mediated immunity, Th2 cells and their cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) have been shown to function in recovery from parasitic infections and in antibody responses. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the dominant Th2 cytokine, IL-4, on immunity to virus infection. We assessed the effects of IL-4 on both secondary immune responses by an adoptive transfer assay and primary immune responses by in vivo treatment of influenza virus-infected mice with IL-4. The results demonstrated that IL-4 can function to inhibit antiviral immunity at both stages. We found that IL-4 treatment of sensitized cells during secondary stimulation in vitro had little effect on their ability to lyse virus-infected target cells in a 51Cr release assay. Nevertheless, the clearance of influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus from the lungs of infected BALB/c mice was significantly delayed after the transfer of virus-specific T cells secondarily stimulated in the presence of IL-4 in comparison to virus clearance in recipients of cells stimulated in the absence of IL-4. In contrast to the adoptive transfer results, the treatment of PR8 virus-infected mice with IL-4 during primary infection greatly suppressed the generation of cytotoxic T-cell precursors, as assessed by secondary stimulation in vitro. In addition, culture supernatants of secondarily stimulated spleen cells from IL-4-treated mice contained significantly less gamma interferon and more IL-4 than did spleen cells from controls. More importantly, the treatment of mice with IL-4 resulted in an extremely significant delay in virus clearance. Thus, IL-4 can inhibit both primary and secondary antiviral immune responses.
Reliability of 2 Instruments for Auditing the Environment for Physical Activity

Purpose: To understand the relationships between street-scale environments and rates of physical activity, it is crucial to develop reliable methods of measurement. Community audits are commonly used to test the walkability and bikability of environments, yet few have been tested for reliability. Methods: Audit tools were collected from the peer-reviewed literature, the Internet, and experts from a variety of backgrounds. Two versions of an audit instrument were created: an “analytic” (with Likert-scale and ordinal-response choices) and a “checklist” (with dichotomous response choices) audit tool. Audits were conducted in St Louis, MO for 147 street segments, representing both higher and lower income neighborhoods. The same segments were re-audited to assess interrater reliability. Results: Characteristics of the physical environment varied considerably across lower and higher income segments. For example, in the checklist audit, physical disorder was present for 67 segments in lower income segments, compared with 0 segments in higher income segments. Among 8 questions from each audit tool designed to broadly capture environmental attributes, most had moderate to poor agreement. Most of the transportation and land-use items demonstrated high (substantial or perfect) agreement, and the aesthetics and social environment items showed reliability in the moderate to fair range. Conclusions: A community audit tool can be relatively easy and quick to administer and, for many domains, is reliable. Our audit tools appear particularly well suited for capturing elements in the transportation and land-use environments.
HERE'S LOOKING AT YOU KID: MOOD EFFECTS ON PROCESSING EYE GAZE AS A HEURISTIC CUE

The present study investigated how mood state and the eye gaze of the target influence ratings of trustworthiness and friendliness in photographs of faces. In a pilot study, participants rated gaze cues as being more applicable to ratings of trustworthiness than friendliness. The main study found that all participants rated faces with averted, compared to direct, gaze as less trustworthy. However, this was not the case for friendliness; while participants in a positive mood rated faces with averted gaze as less friendly than faces with direct gaze, participants in a negative mood did not. This suggests that people in a negative mood may only use heuristics when they are considered highly applicable, whereas people in a positive mood may use heuristic cues more broadly, even when these cues are not necessarily considered appropriate. These findings have implications for understanding when, how, and why heuristic cues are differentially used based on one's mood state.
What Helps Rehabilitation? A Survey of Research Findings

are affected by his concept of self and the individual’s life situation (Erickson, 1973). Mead (1934) suggests that it is the social process itself that is responsible for the appearance of the self. Erickson (1973) suggests that a self-concept like that possessed by the dominant society may never develop in some individuals. The self-perceptions of these individuals include labels of &dquo;deviant&dquo;
Hamstring Tendon versus Patellar Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Biodegradable Interference Fit Fixation

Background There are still controversies about graft selection for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially with respect to knee stability and functional outcome. Hypothesis Biodegradable interference screw fixation of hamstring tendon grafts provides clinical results similar to those achieved with identical fixation of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods In 1996 and 1997, primary isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft was performed in 72 patients. Since 1998, hamstring tendons were used as routine grafts. Matched patients with a hamstring tendon graft were selected from a database (n = 284). All patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of 2 years with KT-1000 arthrometer testing, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Lysholm score. Results In the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, 9 patients were excluded because of bilateral rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, 3 patients (4.2%) had a graft rupture, and 4 patients were lost to follow-up (follow-up rate, 92.1%), leaving 56 patients for a matched-group analysis. In the hamstring tendon database, the graft rupture rate was 5.6% (P = .698). The Lysholm score was 89.7 in the patellar tendon group and 94 in the hamstring tendon group (P = .003). The KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference was 2.6 mm for the patellar tendon group and 2.1 mm for the hamstring tendon group (P = .041). There were significantly less positive pivot-shift test results in the hamstring tendon group (P = .005), and hamstring tendon patients showed lower thigh atrophy (P = .024) and patellofemoral crepitus (P = .003). Overall International Knee Documentation Committee scores were better (P = .001) in the hamstring tendon group (hamstring tendon: 34 × A, 21 × B, 0 × C, 0 × D; bone-patellar tendon-bone: 17 × A, 32 × B, 6 × C, 0 × D). Conclusions In this comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone and anatomical hamstring tendon grafts, the hamstring tendon graft was superior in knee stability and function. These findings are partially contrary to previous studies and might be attributable to the use of an anatomical joint line fixation for hamstring tendon grafts. Thus, hamstring tendons are the authors’ primary graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, even in high-level athletes.
Sexual conflict in wing size and shape in Drosophila melanogaster

Intralocus sexual conflict occurs when opposing selection pressures operate on loci expressed in both sexes, constraining the evolution of sexual dimorphism and displacing one or both sexes from their optimum. We eliminated intralocus conflict in Drosophila melanogaster by limiting transmission of all major chromosomes to males, thereby allowing them to win the intersexual tug‐of‐war. Here, we show that this male‐limited (ML) evolution treatment led to the evolution (in both sexes) of masculinized wing morphology, body size, growth rate, wing loading, and allometry. In addition to more male‐like size and shape, ML evolution resulted in an increase in developmental stability for males. However, females expressing ML chromosomes were less developmentally stable, suggesting that being ontogenetically more male‐like was disruptive to development. We suggest that sexual selection over size and shape of the imago may therefore explain the persistence of substantial genetic variation in these characters and the ontogenetic processes underlying them.
Improving interaction with virtual globes through spatial thinking: helping users ask "why?"

Virtual globes have progressed from little-known technology to broadly popular software in a mere few years. We investigated this phenomenon through a survey and discovered that, while virtual globes are en vogue, their use is restricted to a small set of tasks so simple that they do not involve any spatial thinking. Spatial thinking requires that users ask "what is where" and "why"; the most common virtual globe tasks only include the "what". Based on the results of this survey, we have developed a multi-touch virtual globe derived from an adapted virtual globe paradigm designed to widen the potential uses of the technology by helping its users to inquire about both the "what is where" and "why" of spatial distribution. We do not seek to provide users with full GIS (geographic information system) functionality, but rather we aim to facilitate the asking and answering of simple "why" questions about general topics that appeal to a wide virtual globe user base.
Formation of Snow Cover Anomalies Over the Tibetan Plateau in Cold Seasons

The present study investigates relationship between interannual variations of snow cover and local surface and atmospheric variables, and the formation of interannual snow cover anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau in the cold seasons (autumn, winter, and spring). It is shown that the snow‐related surface heat flux and atmospheric heat source anomalies increase from autumn to spring, whereas precipitation anomalies are most prominent in autumn. This suggests that snow cover anomalies over the central eastern Tibetan Plateau are mainly formed in autumn and their impacts are most prominent in spring. The central eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover anomalies have high month‐to‐month persistence during October through April, indicative of a large contribution of persistence to snow cover anomalies in winter and spring. The Tibetan Plateau snow cover anomalies in cold seasons are influenced by large‐scale atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern of different paths. In autumn, a wave pattern from the North Pacific to the Tibetan Plateau via the North Atlantic, induced by eastern North Pacific and western North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies, plays an important role in the formation of snow cover anomalies. In winter, a North Atlantic Oscillation related wave pattern from the North Atlantic to East Asia may contribute to snow cover anomalies. In spring, a midlatitude wave pattern originating over the western North Atlantic and propagating through the Mediterranean Sea to southern Tibetan Plateau may have a supplementary contribution to snow cover anomalies.
The Bridge and the Troll Underneath: Summer Bridge Programs and Degree Completion

College graduation rates in the United States are low in both real and relative terms. This has left all stakeholders looking for novel solutions while perhaps ignoring extant but underused programs. This article examines the effect of “summer bridge” programs, which have students enroll in coursework prior to beginning their first full academic year, on associate’s and bachelor’s degree completion. We make use of the Beyond Postsecondary (BPS) transcript data as well as data from one large university system. Our analysis utilizes propensity score matching to account for selection effects among students. We find that at community colleges and less selective 4-year colleges, students who attend bridge programs are 10 percentage points more likely to finish within 6 years. We discuss our findings in the context of how colleges might better use their existing initiatives to improve student outcomes, and in light of recent findings from a randomized controlled trial study.
Assessing Instruments in a Cuban American Population With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The purposes of this pilot study were to identify and adapt instruments for future use in assessing diabetes self-management in a sample of Cuban Americans with Type 2 diabetes. Eight instruments were selected from the literature, translated into Spanish, and administered to a sample of 20 Cuban Americans with Type 2 diabetes. Psychometric properties were examined along with clarity of wording, cultural appropriateness, and ease of use. Reliability data were compared, when possible, with original scores generated with non-Cuban populations. Results indicated that reliability scores among populations were similar. Support for using these instruments in clinical practice to assess initial knowledge and beliefs about aspects of diabetes management and to monitor changes is provided.
University Entrance Examinations as a Benchmark Resource for NLP-based Problem Solving

This paper describes a corpus comprised of university entrance examinations, which is aimed to promote research on NLP-based problem solving. Since entrance examinations are created for quantifying human ability of problem solving, they are a desirable resource for benchmarking NLP-based problem solving systems. However, as entrance examinations involve a variety of subjects and types of questions, in order to pursue focused research on specific NLP technologies, it is necessary to break down entire examinations into individual NLP subtasks. For this purpose, we provide annotations of question classifications in terms of answer types and knowledge types. In this paper, we also describe research issues by referring to results of question classification, and introduce two international shared tasks that employed our resource for developing their evaluation data sets.
Caspase-dependent signaling underlies glioblastoma cell death in response to the fungal metabolite, fusarochromanone

Fungal metabolites continue to show promise as a viable class of anticancer agents. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the fungal metabolite, fusarochromanone (FC101), for its antitumor activities in glioblastomas, which have a median survival of less than two years and a poor clinical response to surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Using clinically applicable doses, we demonstrated that FC101 induced glioblastoma apoptotic cell death via caspase dependent signaling, as indicated by the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, glioblastoma (PARP). FC101 also induced differential reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in glioblastoma cells, contrasting a defined role of oxidative stress in apoptotic cell death observed with other fungal metabolites. Furthermore, the antitumorigenic effects of FC101 on tumor cell migration were assessed. Cell migration assays revealed that FC101 significantly reduced the migratory capacity of glioblastomas, which are incredibly invasive tumors. Taken together, the present study establishes FC101 as a candidate anticancer agent for the cooperative treatment of glioblastomas.