Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiagent Communication Security in Non-Zero Sum Adversarial Settings

In future battlefields and other emerging multiagent applications, agents must communicate in an inherently hostile environment in which an adversary has strong incentives to disrupt or intercept communication. Intelligent agents must balance network performance with possible harm suffered from the adversary’s attacks, given that the adversary is actively and rationally balancing his own costs for attacking the network with the possible harm inflicted. The SAFER algorithm was proposed to meet these challenges in the absence of attack costs for the adversary, by representing the problem as a zero-sum game between a sender agent choosing communication paths through a network and an adversary choosing nodes to attack. However, this zero-sum assumption is often violated in real applications. In this paper we extend the previous approach to a non-zero sum game where attacking a node causes the adversary to incur a cost which factors into the adversary’s payoff but not into the sender’s payoff. We characterize properties of the equilibrium in this new game and provide a polynomial time algorithm for finding a Nash equilibrium. We also consider a sequential form of the game where the sender plays first and the adversary observes the sender’s action before launching his attack. We show that in this case the sender can actually improve his payoff, and provide a polynomial time algorithm for finding an equilibrium strategy for the sequential game when the adversary can attack a single node.
Lateral–Medial Dissociation in Orbitofrontal Cortex–Hypothalamus Connectivity

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in cognitive functions, and is also closely related to autonomic functions. The OFC is densely connected with the hypothalamus, a heterogeneous structure controlling autonomic functions that can be divided into two major parts: the lateral and the medial. Resting-state functional connectivity has allowed us to parcellate the cerebral cortex into putative functional areas based on the changes in the spatial pattern of connectivity in the cerebral cortex when a seed point is moved from one voxel to another. In the present high spatial-resolution fMRI study, we investigate the connectivity-based organization of the OFC with reference to the hypothalamus. The OFC was parcellated using resting-state functional connectivity in an individual subject approach, and then the functional connectivity was examined between the parcellated areas in the OFC and the lateral/medial hypothalamus. We found a functional double dissociation in the OFC: the lateral OFC (the lateral orbital gyrus) was more likely connected with the lateral hypothalamus, whereas the medial OFC (the medial orbital and rectal gyri) was more likely connected with the medial hypothalamus. These results demonstrate the fundamental heterogeneity of the OFC, and suggest a potential neural basis of the OFC–hypothalamic functional interaction.
Personality correlates of pedophilia: Are they reliable indicators?

This article critically reviews the literature related to personality correlates of pedophilia. It is noted that the “slippage” of legal and moral constructs into operational criteria and research methodology in this field have created impediments to sound professional consensus and the accumulation of a coherent data base. When the construct “pedophile” was separated from the construct “sex offender against a minor,” there were no reliable findings regarding “pedophiles. ” “Sex offenders against minors” were noted fairly consistently to have experienced early disturbances in mother relationships and were found for the most part to be non‐violent and not aroused by sexually aggressive stimuli involving children (although a smaller portion were violent and/or were aroused by such stimuli). A subgroup of these offenders displayed the passive, lonely and shy profile frequently thought to be associated with the pedophile, although such tendencies were not clinically significant and were similar to profiles fou.
Important role for AMPKαl in limiting skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy

Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits protein synthesis through the suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORCl), a critical regulator of muscle growth. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of the AMPKα1 catalytic subunit on muscle cell size control and adaptation to muscle hypertrophy. We found that AMPKα1(—/—) primary cultured myotubes and myofibers exhibit larger cell size compared with control cells in response to chronic Akt activation. We next subjected the plantaris muscle of AMPKα1(—/—) and control mice to mechanical overloading to induce muscle hypertrophy. We observed significant elevations of AMPKαl activity in the control muscle at days 7 and 21 after the overload. Overloading‐induced muscle hypertrophy was significantly accelerated in AMPKα1(—/—) mice than in control mice [+32 vs. +53% at day 7 and +57 vs. +76% at day 21 in control vs. AMPKα1(—/—) mice, respectively]. This enhanced growth of AMPKα1‐deficient muscle was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling downstream targets and decreased phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. These results demonstrate that AMPKα1 plays an important role in limiting skeletal muscle overgrowth during hypertrophy through inhibition of the mTOR‐signaling pathway. —Mounier, R. , Louise Lantier, Leclerc, J., Sotiropoulos, A. , Pende, M. , Daegelen, D. , Sakamoto, K. , Foretz, M. , Viollet, B. Important role for AMPKa1 in limiting skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy. FASEBJ. 23, 2264–2273 (2009)
Hearing preservation in cochlear implantation for electric acoustic stimulation

Objective To evaluate the possibility of preservation of low-frequency hearing in atraumatic cochlear implant electrode insertion procedures for combined, ipsilateral electric and acoustic stimulation. Material and Methods A total of 21 patients were implanted with a MED EL C40+ cochlear implant using an atraumatic electrode insertion technique to preserve residual low-frequency hearing. Pure-tone audiometric thresholds were measured pre- and postoperatively to evaluate the degree of preserved hearing. Speech discrimination tests in quiet and with background noise were performed in a patient with successful hearing preservation. Results Using the atraumatic electrode insertion procedure with an insertion depth of 360° (18–24 mm), hearing preservation could be achieved in 18/21 patients (85.7%). Three patients (14.3%) lost their residual low-frequency hearing after the implantation. Residual hearing was preserved completely in 13 patients (61.9%) and partial hearing preservation was possible in 5 (23.8%). Preliminary speech discrimination tests showed a dramatic benefit for the combined electric and acoustic stimulation mode compared to cochlear implantation alone. Conclusion Preservation of low-frequency hearing in cochlear implantation is possible in patients implanted because of profound high-frequency deafness. With the development of new, more atraumatic electrode designs, preservation of residual hearing should be further improved.
Alba Emoting: A Psychophysiological Technique to Help Actors Create and Control Real Emotions

In one of his letters to Madame Raffalovich, the nineteenth century French physiologist Claude Bernard writes about a great actress who had just finished playing a role in which she had vividly expressed her passion with running tears. When asked whether she actually felt the emotion she had represented as Andromaque, her answer was: "By no means. I was moved, as was my audience, by listening to myself. But I had no other sensation" (Bernard 64; my translation and emphasis). This example of an actress monitoring and adjusting the emotional value of her performance to optimize communication illustrates the actor's paradox described by Denis Diderot in 1757: "all [the actor's] talent consists not in feeling, as you suppose, but in rendering the external signs of the emotion so rigorously that you are taken in" (132; my translation). Diderot asserts that it is unnecessary, counterproductive even, for actors to worry about feeling emotions. Instead, he says, the entire effort of acting should be toward the dual projects of managing and monitoring the performing body to optimize the creation of emotion in the audience. This is in direct contradiction of the American "method"
Ideological Segregation Online and Offline

We use individual and aggregate data to ask how the Internet is changing the ideological segregation of the American electorate. Focusing on online news consumption, offline news consumption, and face-to-face social interactions, we define ideological segregation in each domain using standard indices from the literature on racial segregation. We find that ideological segregation of online news consumption is low in absolute terms, higher than the segregation of most offline news consumption, and significantly lower than the segregation of face-to-face interactions with neighbors, co-workers, or family members. We find no evidence that the Internet is becoming more segregated over time.
Advantages of Radial Basis Function Networks for Dynamic System Design

Radial basis function (RBF) networks have advantages of easy design, good generalization, strong tolerance to input noise, and online learning ability. The properties of RBF networks make it very suitable to design flexible control systems. This paper presents a review on different approaches of designing and training RBF networks. The recently developed algorithm is introduced for designing compact RBF networks and performing efficient training process. At last, several problems are applied to test the main properties of RBF networks, including their generalization ability, tolerance to input noise, and online learning ability. RBF networks are also compared with traditional neural networks and fuzzy inference systems.
Organizational Forms as Moral Practices: The Case of Welfare Departments

Human service organizations that aim to change behavior inevitably do moral work. As institutionalized organizations, they enact in their structure and practices dominant moral systems. Moral systems and rules within them emanate from several sources, including nationally powerful interest groups and organizations, local constituencies, and organizational and street‐level moral entrepreneurs. By studying the historical transformation of welfare departments, I show how changes in the moral assumptions about poor single mothers have transformed the organizational forms and practices of these offices. In doing so, these forms and practices enact and enforce these moral rules on the clients.
Fusing Multiple Neuroimaging Modalities to Assess Group Differences in Perception–Action Coupling

In the last few decades, noninvasive neuroimaging has revealed macroscale brain dynamics that underlie perception, cognition, and action. Advances in noninvasive neuroimaging target two capabilities: 1) increased spatial and temporal resolution of measured neural activity; and 2) innovative methodologies to extract brain-behavior relationships from evolving neuroimaging technology. We target the second. Our novel methodology integrated three neuroimaging methodologies and elucidated expertise-dependent differences in functional (fused EEG-fMRI) and structural (dMRI) brain networks for a perception-action coupling task. A set of baseball players and controls performed a Go/No-Go task designed to mimic the situation of hitting a baseball. In the functional analysis, our novel fusion methodology identifies 50-ms windows with predictive EEG neural correlates of expertise and fuses these temporal windows with fMRI activity in a whole-brain 2-mm voxel analysis, revealing time-localized correlations of expertise at a spatial scale of millimeters. The spatiotemporal cascade of brain activity reflecting expertise differences begins as early as 200 ms after the pitch starts and lasts up to 700 ms afterwards. Network differences are spatially localized to include motor and visual processing areas, providing evidence for differences in perception-action coupling between the groups. Furthermore, an analysis of structural connectivity reveals that the players have significantly more connections between cerebellar and left frontal/motor regions, and many of the functional activation differences between the groups are located within structurally defined network modules that differentiate expertise. In short, our novel method illustrates how multimodal neuroimaging can provide specific macroscale insights into the functional and structural correlates of expertise development.
An exploration of the differences in prekindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade teachers' beliefs related to discipline when dealing with male and female students

Teachers play a significant role in the socialization of children. One of the responsibilities involved with teaching is disciplining, an area where teachers teach their male and female students in accord with their beliefs and expectations as to which behaviors are appropriate in which situations. In this study, teachers' beliefs about the use of appropriate discipline philosophies for the misbehaviors of male and female students were explored. Participants were one hundred and thirty teachers employed in public schools located in a mid‐sized southeastern city in the US. Teachers were found to have different beliefs with regard to the use of discipline philosophies for the misbehaviors of male and female students. The most significant implication of this study was that teacher training and education programs need to be re‐evaluated and geared at raising awareness toward gender issues and thus creating equal opportunities for boys and girls.
Degradation of Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistors Under Negative Gate Bias Stress

Degradation of amorphous silicon thin-film transistors under negative gate bias stresses is systematically investigated. It is found that both state creation and hole trapping contribute to device threshold voltage Vth shifts. For direct-current stresses, state creation dominates in low-stress amplitude conditions, whereas hole trapping could dominate the second-stage degradation in high-stress amplitude conditions. For alternating-current stresses, it is found that domination of state creation or hole trapping mechanisms depends on stress frequency f, temperature, amplitude, and stress time. As a result, different turnaround phenomena of Vth degradation are observed. Both state creation and hole trapping mechanisms are enhanced by higher stress temperatures and amplitudes. Based on an RC delay model, both f- and duty-ratio-dependent degradation under low-f stress conditions can be understood, whereas a recovery phenomenon under high- f stress conditions can be explained by the hole trapping/emission mechanism. Device leakage current Ioff decreases under low-f stress but increases under high- f stress. State creation is considered responsible for the Ioff reduction, whereas hole injection is considered responsible for the Ioff increase.
Preparation of novel nanocomposites using the Ultra-sonication technique

Graphene nanosheets (xGnP) and cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNT) were used to enhance the mechanical properties of three types of epoxy composites prepared with the following formulations; a). xGnP/epoxy nanocomposite, b) CSCNT/epoxy nanocomposite and c) xGnP-CSCNT/hybrid epoxy nanocomposite). Different weight contents of both xGnP and CSCNT were used to prepare these novel nanocomposites, namely 0 (base tests), 2.5, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wt. %. The principal challenge to the manufacturing processes was to achieve uniform dispersion for both xGnP and CSCNT in the epoxy matrix and the method of Ultra-sonication was used in this work to disperse these two types of nanomaterials in the epoxy. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted to assess the effect of nanoparticle content on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results demonstrate that the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased by approximately 15.62% and 14.17% respectively for the CSCNT/epoxy nanocomposite, 14% and 10.45% respectively for the xGnP/epoxy nanocomposite, and a significant increase in tensile strength of approximately 12.5% for the xGnP-CSCNT/hybrid epoxy nanocomposite. The flexural strength and modulus improved by approximately 28.5% and 25% respectively for the CSCNT/epoxy nanocomposite, while a mechanical property improvement of 21.5% was observed for the xGnP-CSCNT/hybrid epoxy nanocomposite, attained at a somewhat low weigh content of 4 wt. %. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the dispersion of nanomaterials in the epoxy resin which showed a reasonable dispersion of nanoparticles in the resin albeit with some regions of agglomerate nanoparticles.
The Academic Marketplace Revisited: A Study of Faculty Mobility Using the Cartter Ratings

This study examines the characteristics of faculty who joined the top twenty departments in six disciplines between 1963 and 1966 in order to evaluate the relative importance of prestige of doctoral origing and scholarly performance in the selection for a position in these departments. While there is a weak relationship between rank of doctorate and rank of hiring department, graduates from departments with the highest ranks are much more likely to be hired by all the top twenty departments. When rank of academic affilation and levels of productivity, citations, and recognition are controlled, the proportion of graduates hired from the highest ranking departments remains the same. Among senior faculty, this proportion diminishes slihgtly when these factors are controlled. These findings suggest that, among younger faculty, prestige of doctorate rather than past performance is used as a predictor of future performance by those who are responsible for faculty recritment.
Code design for type-I wiretap channel thanks

Ozarow and Wyner [1] proposed a secrecy code design scheme using a linear code and its cosets. It was shown that when a wiretap channel has a noiseless main channel and an eavesdropper taps a subset of coded bits through a wiretapper's channel, the eavesdroppers equivocation is readily, at least in theory, obtained by analyzing a parity-check matrix of the linear code. However, in general, the computational complexity to find the equivocation is prohibitively high and grows rapidly with the length of codewords. In order to avoid this problem, in this paper, we propose a tight lower bound on the equivocation that can be available by simple manipulations when a secrecy code is transmitted over a perfect-BEC type-I wiretap channel. The lower bound provides a guaranteed secrecy performance for various linear codes of any lengths for type-I perfect-BEC wiretap channel. Numerical results show that the lower bounds are sufficiently close to the equivocation. We also demonstrate how to use the lower bound to design secrecy codes for type-I wiretap channels with Gaussian main and wiretapper's channels.
Improving narrative skills in young children with delayed language development

A substantial number of 5–7 year old children experience delayed language development which threatens their progress in school, although they have not been placed on speech and language therapy caseloads. Children with delayed language development typically have a limited ability to understand and tell stories. Intervention to develop the oral narratives of these children can significantly improve their ability to understand and tell stories. This development improves their ability to participate in, and benefit from, mainstream classroom activities. We report on a style of intervention which aims to achieve these objectives. The intervention applies a story grammar approach through a collaboration between teachers, learning support assistants and speech and language therapists. The intervention took place in UK schools with a high proportion of children from families with low socio‐economic status and this article reports significant improvements in the quality of these children's story‐telling.
Initiation of autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice is MHC class I-dependent.

MHC class II alleles clearly contribute a primary genetic component of susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, IDDM does not occur in NOD mice made MHC class I-deficient by a functionally inactivated beta2-microglobulin allele (beta2m(null)). In the present study the beta2m(null) mutation was used to examine the relative contributions of MHC class I and class II-dependent T cell responses for initiating autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction in NOD mice. Splenocytes from diabetic NOD donors transferred IDDM to both lymphocyte-deficient NOD-scid (class I+) and NOD-scid.beta2m(null) mice (class I-). In contrast, splenocytes from young prediabetic NOD donors only transferred IDDM to class I+, but not class I- NOD-scid recipients. However, splenocytes from prediabetic NOD donors did transfer IDDM to NOD-scid.beta2m(null) recipients previously engrafted with class I+, but not class I-, pancreatic islets. CD4+ T cell lines reactive against some syngeneic class I+ targets could be isolated from NOD.beta2m(null) mice. However, NOD.beta2m(null) T cells underwent activation-driven deletion when transferred into class I+ NOD-scid recipients. Hence, the class I autoreactive T cells present in NOD.beta2m(null) donors did not elicit IDDM when transferred into class I+ NOD-scid recipients. Collectively, these results show that autoimmune IDDM in NOD mice is initiated by MHC class I-dependent T cell responses, but this leads to the subsequent activation of additional T cell populations that can mediate pancreatic beta cell destruction in a MHC class I-independent manner.
Valuable journalism: A search for quality from the vantage point of the user

Many professional journalists and journalism scholars consider the increasing attention paid to audiences as one of the causes of the gradual loss of journalistic quality. They reason if ratings, circulation figures, hits and shares determine the content of journalism, the core values of journalism become jeopardized. This article argues how and why studies of journalistic quality should take the actual readers, listeners and viewers of journalistic texts seriously. It reports on a different kind of research for measuring the public’s news interests and preferences; one that concentrates on value – what makes journalism precious for people and how news organizations can provide this. By zooming in on the professionals’ and public’s experience of quality information instead of their views on the topic, the article shows how pleasing the audience might be compatible with producing excellent journalism.