Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced γ-aminobutyric acidA-benzodiazepine binding sites in insular cortex of individuals with panic disorder

Context Benzodiazepine drugs are highly effective anxiolytic medications, but the role of the benzodiazepine–γ-aminobutyric acid A –chloride ion channel macromolecular complex in the pathophysiologic mechanism of anxiety is not well understood. Previous human imaging studies have indicated involvement of specific regions of the brain in anxiety disorders, especially the frontal-prefrontal, temporal, and cingulate cortical and the limbic areas. Objective To identify potential abnormalities of brain benzodiazepine receptor binding number and distribution in anxiety disorders. Setting and Participants At the University of Michigan positron emission tomography facility, 11 individuals with DSM-IV –defined anxiety syndrome panic disorder were compared with 21 unaffected healthy control subjects. Design and Main Outcome Measure In a between-group comparison, we used positron emission tomography and the benzodiazepine receptor ligand flumazenil labeled with carbon 11 to assess the regional brain pattern of receptor binding. Results We observed decreased binding specifically in the insular cortex bilaterally. No binding abnormality was observed in any other brain region, and there was no evidence of abnormal cerebral blood flow anywhere in the brain. Individuals with panic disorder and comorbid depression, indicative of a more severe disorder, had the lowest binding. No significant correlations were observed for binding with age, sex, or duration of disorder. Conclusions A previous smaller study with the same ligand reported a probable binding abnormality in the right insula. Because γ-aminobutyric acid is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and because benzodiazepines facilitate this effect of γ-aminobutyric acid, decreased benzodiazepine binding is consistent with localized brain activation (ie, loss of inhibition). Because the insula is strongly involved in visceral-somatic afferent and efferent function, activation of the insula is consistent with the occurrence of the physical symptoms prominently associated with panic disorder.
Prioritizing Burglars: Comparing the Effectiveness of Geographical Profiling Methods

The effectiveness, in prioritizing suspects, of six geographical profiling methods are compared by determining the rank to which each of 92 prolific burglars was assigned, from the total of 400 known burglars, who were selected from a large metropolitan database because they resided in the borough in which the crimes occurred. Using mean and median ranked prioritization of actual offenders, as well as the percentages that appeared in the top 5% of rankings and the area under the curve of a specially developed ‘Ranked Prioritization Function,’ RP (f), it was found that Dragnet using a logarithmic decay function and the distance from the centre of gravity produced the lowest average ranks, with 72% of the actual offenders in the top 5% of prioritized rankings. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Development and Evaluation of Genome-Probing Microarrays for Monitoring Lactic Acid Bacteria

ABSTRACT The genome-probing microarray (GPM) was developed for quantitative, high-throughput monitoring of community dynamics in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation through the deposit of 149 microbial genomes as probes on a glass slide. Compared to oligonucleotide microarrays, the specificity of GPM was remarkably increased to a species-specific level. GPM possesses about 10- to 100-fold higher sensitivity (2.5 ng of genomic DNA) than the currently used 50-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. Since signal variation between the different genomes was very low compared to that of cDNA or oligonucleotide-based microarrays, the capacity of global quantification of microbial genomes could also be observed in GPM hybridization. In order to assess the applicability of GPMs, LAB community dynamics were monitored during the fermentation of kimchi, a traditional Korean food. In this work, approximately 100 diverse LAB species could be quantitatively analyzed as actively involved in kimchi fermentation.
A defence of the lexical approach to the study of personality structure

In recent years there have been many investigations of personality structure, and much of this research has been based on the lexical strategy for finding the major personality dimensions. However, this approach has frequently been criticized on several grounds, including concerns regarding the use of adjectives as personality variables, the use of lay observers of personality, the limited explanatory power of lexically derived personality dimensions, and the lack of any similar strategies used in other sciences. In this paper, these criticisms are addressed in detail and judged to be invalid. It is argued that the study of personality structure via the lexical approach is an important area of research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citizenship studies: An introduction

About the book: From women's rights, civil rights, and sexual rights for gays and lesbians to disability rights and language rights, we have experienced in the past few decades a major trend in Western nation-states towards new claims for inclusion. This trend has echoed around the world: from the Zapatistas to Chechen and Kurdish nationalists, social and political movements are framing their struggles in the languages of rights and recognition, and hence, of citizenship. Citizenship has thus become an increasingly important axis in the social sciences. Social scientists have been rethinking the role of political agent or subject. Not only are the rights and obligations of citizens being redefined, but also what it means to be a citizen has become an issue of central concern. As the process of globalization produces multiple diasporas, we can expect increasingly complex relationships between homeland and host societies that will make the traditional idea of national citizenship problematic. As societies are forced to manage cultural difference and associated tensions and conflict, there will be changes in the processes by which states allocate citizenship and a differentiation of the category of citizen. This book constitutes the most authoritative and comprehensive guide to the terrain. Drawing on a wealth of interdisciplinary knowledge, and including some of the leading commentators of the day, it is an essential guide to understanding modern citizenship.
Resolution of acute lung injury and inflammation: a translational mouse model

Previous animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) are limited as they only reproduce part of the complex pathobiology of clinical ALI. Here we develop a translational mouse model of ALI, which not only reflects the major clinical and pathological features but also enables investigation into ALI resolution. Anaesthetised mice underwent orotracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid. During the immediate period after instillation, mice were carefully maintained with supplemental oxygen to avoid mortality. At specified time-points, lung injury was assessed by analysis of blood gases, respiratory mechanics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar fluid clearance and lung histology. Animals exhibited significant weight loss, decreased oxygenation, increased respiratory elastance and pulmonary inflammation (intra-alveolar leukocyte influx/cytokine levels and histological injury scores). Moreover, mice displayed alveolar–capillary barrier dysfunction/epithelial injury as reflected by increased alveolar protein, lung wet/dry weight ratio and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, as well as reduced alveolar fluid clearance. These injury parameters peaked between days 1 and 3, followed by almost complete recovery over days 5–10. Histology showed evidence of fibrosis on day 10. The results indicate that this resolving model of acid aspiration represents a powerful experimental tool to investigate the injurious, inflammatory, fibrotic, and resolving and reparative processes of ALI.
Hierarchical Markov Normal Mixture Models with Applications to Financial Asset Returns

Motivated by the common problem of constructing predictive distributions for daily asset returns over horizons of one to several trading days, this article introduces a new model for time series. This model is a generalization of the Markov normal mixture model in which the mixture components are themselves normal mixtures, and it is a specific case of an artificial neural network model with two hidden layers. The article uses the model to construct predictive distributions of daily S&P 500 returns 1971–2005 and one-year maturity bond returns 1987–2007. For these time series the model compares favorably with ARCH and stochastic volatility models. The article concludes by using the model to form predictive distributions of one‐ to ten‐day returns during volatile episodes for the S&P 500 and bond return series. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community views on informal housing environment: Implications for health promotion

Abstract The purpose of this study was firstly to explore and describe an informal housing community's views on its environment; secondly to identify (from the results obtained from their views) facilitative aspects and obstacles for health promotion in this community; and lastly to make recommendations on how health could be promoted in this community. An exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was utilized and Guba's approach of ensuring trustworthiness in research was applied. Data were collected by three researchers who conducted five focus group interviews of one to two hours' duration with heads of households selected purposively. The themes identified from the data analyses were poor infrastructure; facilitative aspect in the structure: private schools; perception of needslimprovement of living conditions; anger, suspicion and distrust related to broken promises by outsiders; unhappiness related to poor living conditions; positive decision making related to pro-active views; limited.
‘The silence was deafening’: social and health service support after miscarriage

Miscarriage, a common event in the early stages of pregnancy, has been associated with clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Most of the evidence describing what is helpful for women in their journey through miscarriage has been conducted in the UK. As the Australian health care system is somewhat different, this study uses qualitative methods to examine whether Australian women face different challenges when coping with miscarriage. Semi‐structured interviews with 9 women (aged 35–42; M=37 years), who had experienced miscarriages in the previous 2 years, were conducted, and a thematic analysis carried out. Engagement, acknowledgement and support from families, health care providers and the community were positive aspects for women after miscarriage. Unfortunately, the medical management of miscarriage was often described as poor. A lack of information received, in combination with insensitive comments and lack of empathy while being treated in hospital, were very negative aspects of women's miscarriage experiences. Our findings are consistent with similar research conducted in the UK. A multi‐level approach to miscarriage which involves support and education for women, their families, and health care professionals may help minimise the extent of women's distress after miscarriage.
When (Some) Prostitution is Legal: The Impact of Law Reform on Sex Work in Australia

In Australia, prostitution regulation has taken a very different path from many other countries. Law reform has led to the opening of some significant new spaces for legal sex work, including the (very different) regulatory regimes established in two Australian states – Queensland (brothels legal if their owners are licensed) and New South Wales (most commercial sex businesses and some street prostitution decriminalized; no licensing regime). The main research question is: how has regulation impacted on the positive rights of sex workers? I argue that law reform has engaged a mix of neo-liberal and other approaches – not to increase personal or corporate freedom but as part of a practical strategy designed to control a range of social problems, such as police corruption and organized crime. Neo-liberal regulation of prostitution in Australia has always been deployed in tandem with other modes of regulation – including new criminal law and policing strategies, planning law, health regulations, and (of course) moral regulation.
Environments for the production and maintenance of interactive stories

This paper presents an integrated framework for new media production in which particular presentations in a variety of forms may be authored and generated using a range of tools interacting with a distributed media repository. The A4SM project demonstrates a number of elements of this overall framework. The emphasis in this work is on the provision of tools and technologies for the manual authorship of linear and interactive media productions. Semi-automated and interactive assembly of a variety of forms of production have been shown to be feasible by a number of research projects, and can be realised by tools interacting with this common repository and environment.
Autoeficacia Percibida en la conducta Académica de Estudiantes Universitarias

A study has been done to characterize female students who choose one of the degrees offered by the Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua in Mexico, in terms of the perceived self-efficacy in their academic performance. The sample consisted of 902 female freshmen college students from seven disciplines with a mean age of 18.1 years. The research method adopted has a quantitative focus with a descriptive design employing a survey. The results show that the profiles of selfefficacy in academic behavior is very similar between students of different disciplines, and that the behavior related to communication skills represents an area of opportunity for improvement in incoming college students. Also, it was observed that the profiles of current, desired and achievable efficacy are related: the higher the perceived self-efficacy, greater desire and more chances of being effective. This allows concluding that if any of them can be improved, the other two will also do it.
Organizational Influences on Sex Composition of College and University Faculty: A Research Note.

Selected organizational characteristics are analyzed as causes of sex discrepancies in faculty employment for national subsamples of large research universities (N = 114) and smaller four-year colleges (N = 406). The size of the student body and the percentage offemale deans affect the odds at both universities and colleges that a faculty member is a woman. Proximity to a large urban area and student selectivity affect the faculty sex composition of colleges but not universities. For universities, but not colleges, federalfunding and nepotism influence policies and practices regarding the representation -of women on faculties. Liberal policies and practices regarding faculty childcare or the size of women's studies programs do not affect female faculty employment at colleges or universities.
Lacrimal Proline Rich 4 (LPRR4) Protein in the Tear Fluid Is a Potential Biomarker of Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a complex, multifactorial, immune-associated disorder of the tear and ocular surface. DES with a high prevalence world over needs identification of potential biomarkers so as to understand not only the disease mechanism but also to identify drug targets. In this study we looked for differentially expressed proteins in tear samples of DES to arrive at characteristic biomarkers. As part of a prospective case-control study, tear specimen were collected using Schirmer strips from 129 dry eye cases and 73 age matched controls. 2D electrophoresis (2DE) and Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was done to identify differentially expressed proteins. One of the differentially expressed protein in DES is lacrimal proline rich 4 protein (LPRR4). LPRR4 protein expression was quantified by enzyme immune sorbent assay (ELISA). LPRR4 was down regulated significantly in all types of dry eye cases, correlating with the disease severity as measured by clinical investigations. Further characterization of the protein is required to assess its therapeutic potential in DES.
Delineating the Boundaries of Infants’ Spatial Categories: The Case of Containment

Spatial categorization has a long history in the research of infant cognition and perception. Many conclusions are drawn from the approach wherein infants are habituated to examples of a spatial category X and then display an attention recovery (i.e., dishabituation) to a contrasting category Y. However, the distinction infants make between X and Y does not warrant a distinction between X and another category Z. Here we examine the boundaries of infants’ spatial categorization by contrasting the spatial category containment with support and occlusion. Eight-month-olds were habituated to 3 exemplars of containment and were tested with novel containment versus support events, or with novel containment versus occlusion events. The infants looked significantly longer at the support than at the containment events, but they looked about equally at the occlusion and containment events. The results suggest that 8-month-olds treated exemplars of containment as belonging to the same category, generalized this category to novel examples, and distinguished it from support but not from occlusion (this last distinction emerged by 11 months). Thus, spatial categorization in the 1st year, like several other domains of cognition, may be tied to specific contrasts. Whether infants form a broad or narrow spatial category depends on the contrasting category.
Science Aspirations, Capital, and Family Habitus

Low participation rates in the study of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) post-16 are a matter of international concern. Existing evidence suggests children’s science aspirations are largely formed within the critical 10 to 14 age period. This article reports on survey data from over 9,000 elementary school children in England (age 10/11) and qualitative data from 160 semi-structured interviews (92 children aged 10/11 and 78 parents), collected as part of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study in the United Kingdom tracking children from 10 to 14. Drawing on the conceptual framework of Bourdieu, the article explores how the interplay of family habitus and capital can make science aspirations more “thinkable” for some (notably middle-class) children than others. It is argued that while family habitus is not deterministic (there is no straightforward alignment between family habitus, capital, and a child’s science aspirations), social inequalities in the distribution of capital and differentially classed family habitus combine to produce uneven (classed, racialized) patterns in children’s science aspirations and potential future participation.
Attentional control in children's metalinguistic performance and measures of field independence.

This research examines the relation between the cognitive style construct of field dependence-independence (FDI) and 2 processing components. These components, control of linguistic processing and analysis of knowledge, have been identified in previous research as part of metalinguistic ability. Children between the ages of 7 and 9 years were given a number of metalinguistic tasks and 2 measures of FDI. The results showed a common basis for FDI and metalinguistic problems requiring high levels of control but not for FDI and metalinguistic problems requiring high levels of analysis
Web framework points: an effort estimation methodology for Web application development using a content management framework

Web applications are among the most popular and relevant kinds of application. Most Web applications are developed using a content management framework (CMF). CMF helps to accelerate the publication of large amounts of information and the development of Web applications. However, developing Web applications through CMF is not exempt from cost and time overruns, as in traditional software projects. Currently, there is no estimation model able to adequately measure the effort of developing a Web application.
The strategic leadership of complex practice: opportunities and challenges

This paper addresses the issue of how strategic-level partnerships, such as Local Safeguarding Children Boards, know about and learn from practice. The death of Baby Peter in Haringey exposed the dangers of reliance on numerical performance data alone to inform leaders about the true state of practice. The drivers for, and impact of, regulatory, media and political pressures on front-line practice and partnership behaviour are discussed with reference to the rise of organisational risk management and ‘rule-based’ responses (Munro, 2009). These are exacerbated by an overload of negative data about child protection systems which results in contagious ‘attention cascades’ which lead to over-simplification of complex issues and the rush to quick-fix solutions. This results in compliance-based responses designed to avoid ‘blame’, based on individualistic analyses of complex situations. Under these conditions, ‘learning’, such as from serious case reviews, can become regressive (how to avoid future culpability) rather than progressive (how to improve knowledge skills and practice). It is argued that understanding and improving practice require strategic partnerships to have engaged with front-line staff in order to access practice narratives as well as performance numbers, and to achieve an accurate and systemic analysis of the state of practice and how it can be improved. This calls for collective forms of knowing and reflecting and the paper concludes by describing examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gendering Jokes

Based on social identity theory, this study tests whether individuals demonstrate out-group rejection by rating jokes targeting the opposite gender funnier and more gender typical than jokes targeting their gender. Prior research is extended by examining individuals’ level of gender identification and propensity to discriminate against a hypothetical man or woman after exposure to sexist jokes. Results indicated that women exhibited in-group rejection, whereas men showed bias toward women only in the 1-joke (vs. 5- and 10-joke) condition. Men and women with low gender identification rated jokes about their gender funnier and more gender typical than those about the opposite gender, and highly identified women also rated jokes about women as gender typical. The findings did not support the basic assumptions of social identity theory; however, the theory remained useful in interpreting the results, which undoubtedly reflect the intergroup dynamics inherent in gender relations.
Intent-Aware Semantic Query Annotation

Query understanding is a challenging task primarily due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language. A common strategy for improving the understanding of natural language queries is to annotate them with semantic information mined from a knowledge base. Nevertheless, queries with different intents may arguably benefit from specialized annotation strategies. For instance, some queries could be effectively annotated with a single entity or an entity attribute, others could be better represented by a list of entities of a single type or by entities of multiple distinct types, and others may be simply ambiguous. In this paper, we propose a framework for learning semantic query annotations suitable to the target intent of each individual query. Thorough experiments on a publicly available benchmark show that our proposed approach can significantly improve state-of-the-art intent-agnostic approaches based on Markov random fields and learning to rank. Our results further demonstrate the consistent effectiveness of our approach for queries of various target intents, lengths, and difficulty levels, as well as its robustness to noise in intent detection.