Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Level II fieldwork educators' familiarity, knowledge, comprehension, utilization, and value of evidence-based practice

Evidence-based practice has become an increasingly popular topic in healthcare literature over the past decade and has been discussed in occupational therapy literature since 1997. To date, eight studies have examined occupational therapists' value, utilization, and perceived knowledge of evidence-based practice, but no published studies specifically address the practices and beliefs of level II fieldwork educators. This study was conducted to investigate new variables, which include actual knowledge, familiarity, and comprehension of evidence-based practice amongst level II fieldwork educators. A survey questiormaire was sent to 300 occupational therapy level II fieldwork educators employed in various locations across the United States. Although the majority ofparticipants were exposed to evidence-based practice, they had a relatively low perceived familiarity and knowledge of evidence-based practice. Despite the participants' perceived low levels ofknowledge of evidence-based practice, the majority displayed high achral knowledge of the tenets of evidence-based practice. Consistent with previous studies, the participants in the current study also highly valired evidencebased practice. Participants in the current study reported utilizing evidence-based practice more frequently than in previous studies; however, when asked to give an example oftheir utilization, a determinant of comprehension, the majority ofthe participants did not give an example that mentioned utilizing research evidence. ln support of previous studies, the participants in the current study also identified utilizing other sources ofevidence more frequently than research evidence. participants also identified lack of time as the primary barrier to evidence-based practice utilization which was consistent with previous
Rings with Auslander Dualizing Complexes

Abstract A ring with an Auslander dualizing complex is a generalization of an Auslander–Gorenstein ring. We show that many results which hold for Auslander–Gorenstein rings also hold in the more general setting. On the other hand we give criteria for existence of Auslander dualizing complexes which show these occur quite frequently. The most powerful tool we use is the Local Duality Theorem for connected graded algebras over a field. Filtrations allow the transfer of results to nongraded algebras. We also prove some results of a categorical nature, most notably the functoriality of rigid dualizing complexes.
Reading comprehension from grade 1 to 6 in two shallow orthographies: comparison of Estonian and Finnish students

Abstract The aim was to examine reading comprehension among elementary school students in two shallow orthographies, Estonian and Finnish. Participants were 619 Estonian children (50% boys) and 292 Finnish children (52% boys) whose reading comprehension was assessed in first, second, third, and sixth grades. The results showed that reading comprehension among Estonian and Finnish children was at a similar level by the end of first grade but Finnish children started to have better performance from second grade onward. These findings suggest that the roots of Finnish students’ strong reading skills are nurtured from the very beginning of elementary school. The potential cross-country differences in reading instruction are discussed.
Deconstructing information packages: Organizational and behavioural implications of ERP systems

Argues that the organizational involvement of large scale information technology packages, such as those known as enterprise resource planning (ERP), has important implications that go far beyond the acknowledged effects of keeping the organizational operations accountable and integrated across functions and production sites. Claims that ERP packages are predicated on an understanding of human agency as a procedural affair and of organizations as an extended series of functional or cross‐functional transactions. Accordingly, the massive introduction of ERP packages to organizations is bound to have serious implications that precisely recount the procedural forms by which such packages instrument organizational operations and fashion organizational roles. The conception of human agency and organizational operations in procedural terms may seem reasonable yet it recounts a very specific and, in a sense, limited understanding of humans and organizations. The distinctive status of framing human agency and organizations in procedural terms becomes evident in its juxtaposition with other forms of human action like improvisation, exploration or playing. These latter forms of human involvement stand out against the serial fragmentation underlying procedural action. They imply acting on the world on loose premises that trade off a variety of forms of knowledge and courses of action in attempts to explore and discover alternative ways of coping with reality.
Intercomparison of cloud model simulations of Arctic mixed‐phase boundary layer clouds observed during SHEBA/FIRE‐ACE

An intercomparison of six cloud‐resolving and large‐eddy simulation models is presented. This case study is based on observations of a persistent mixed‐phase boundary layer cloud gathered on 7 May, 1998 from the Surface Heat Budget of Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) and First ISCCP Regional Experiment ‐ Arctic Cloud Experiment (FIRE‐ACE). Ice nucleation is constrained in the simulations in a way that holds the ice crystal concentration approximately fixed, with two sets of sensitivity runs in addition to the baseline simulations utilizing different specified ice nucleus (IN) concentrations. All of the baseline and sensitivity simulations group into two distinct quasi‐steady states associated with either persistent mixed‐phase clouds or all‐ice clouds after the first few hours of integration, implying the existence of multiple states for this case. These two states are associated with distinctly different microphysical, thermodynamic, and radiative characteristics. Most but not all of the models produce a persistent mixed‐phase cloud qualitatively similar to observations using the baseline IN/crystal concentration, while small increases in the IN/crystal concentration generally lead to rapid glaciation and conversion to the all‐ice state. Budget analysis indicates that larger ice deposition rates associated with increased IN/crystal concentrations have a limited direct impact on dissipation of liquid in these simulations. However, the impact of increased ice deposition is greatly enhanced by several interaction pathways that lead to an increased surface precipitation flux, weaker cloud top radiative cooling and cloud dynamics, and reduced vertical mixing, promoting rapid glaciation of the mixed‐phase cloud for deposition rates in the cloud layer greater than about 1 − 2 × 10−5 g kg−1 s−1 for this case. These results indicate the critical importance of precipitation‐radiative‐dynamical interactions in simulating cloud phase, which have been neglected in previous fixed‐dynamical parcel studies of the cloud phase parameter space. Large sensitivity to the IN/crystal concentration also suggests the need for improved understanding of ice nucleation and its parameterization in models.
System-Wide Immunohistochemical Analysis of Protein Co-Localization

Background The analysis of co-localized protein expression in a tissue section is often conducted with immunofluorescence histochemical staining which is typically visualized in localized regions. On the other hand, chromogenic immunohistochemical staining, in general, is not suitable for the detection of protein co-localization. Here, we developed a new protocol, based on chromogenic immunohistochemical stain, for system-wide detection of protein co-localization and differential expression. Methodology/Principal Findings In combination with a removable chromogenic stain, an efficient antibody stripping method was developed to enable sequential immunostaining with different primary antibodies regardless of antibody's host species. Sections were scanned after each staining, and the images were superimposed together for the detection of protein co-localization and differential expression. As a proof of principle, differential expression and co-localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase67 (GAD67) and parvalbumin proteins was examined in mouse cortex. Conclusions/Significance All parvalbumin-containing neurons express GAD67 protein, and GAD67-positive neurons that do not express parvalbumin were readily visualized from thousands of other neurons across mouse cortex. The method provided a global view of protein co-localization as well as differential expression across an entire tissue section. Repeated use of the same section could combine assessments of co-localization and differential expression of multiple proteins.
Activation and self‐tolerance of natural killer cells

Summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are regulated by numerous stimulatory and inhibitory receptors that recognize various classes of cell surface ligands, some of which are expressed by normal healthy cells. We review two key issues in NK cell biology. How do NK cells achieve tolerance to healthy self‐cells, despite great potential variability in inhibitory and stimulatory receptor engagement? How is the disease status of unhealthy cells translated into changes in ligand expression and consequent sensitivity to NK cell lysis? Concerning the second question, we review evidence that ligands for one key NK receptor, NKG2D, are induced by the DNA damage response, which is activated in cells exposed to genotoxic stress. Because cancer cells and some infected cells are subject to genotoxic stress, these findings suggest a new concept for how diseased cells are discriminated by the immune system. Second, we review studies that have overturned the prevalent notion that NK cells achieve self‐tolerance by expressing inhibitory receptors specific for self‐major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. A subset of NK cells lacks such receptors. These NK cells are hyporesponsive when stimulatory receptors are engaged, suggesting that alterations in signaling pathways that dampen stimulatory receptor signals contribute to self‐tolerance of NK cells.
Striatal circuit and microcircuit mechanisms for habitual behavior

Striatal Circuit and Microcircuit Mechanisms for Habitual Behavior by Justin K. O’Hare Department of Neurobiology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Nicole Calakos, Supervisor ___________________________ Anne West ___________________________ Richard Mooney ___________________________ Fan Wang An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Neurobiology in the Graduate School of Duke University
Do Credit Derivatives Lower the Value of Creditor Control Rights? Evidence from Debt Covenants

We examine the impact of credit default swaps (CDS) on debt covenant design. CDS provide creditors with a way to protect their credit exposures in lieu of active monitoring, and they increase creditors' bargaining power during debt renegotiations. Borrowers with CDS outstanding may in turn demand looser covenants to reduce the likelihood of costly renegotiations with tough creditors. Using contract-level data, we find that debt covenants are less strict if there are CDS contracts referencing the borrower's debt at the time of loan initiation. This effect is robust to controls for endogeneity and selection bias, and it is stronger if the CDS market is deeper. Consistent with the tradeoffs between the costs and benefits of covenants, the covenant-loosening impact of CDS is concentrated among firms for whom agency and information problems are relatively less severe and those for whom renegotiations are expected to be more frequent. Our findings are consistent with the view that the creditor protection offered by CDS can substitute for protection through covenants, increasing the efficiency of debt contracting and financing.
Differential Sensitivity of Regulatory and Effector T Cells to Cell Death: A Prerequisite for Transplant Tolerance

Despite significant progress achieved in transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies currently used to prevent graft rejection are still endowed with severe side effects impairing their efficiency over the long term. Thus, the development of graft-specific, non-toxic innovative therapeutic strategies has become a major challenge, the goal being to selectively target alloreactive effector T cells while sparing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote operational tolerance. Various approaches, notably the one based on monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins directed against the TCR/CD3 complex, TCR coreceptors, or costimulatory molecules, have been proposed to reduce the alloreactive T cell pool, which is an essential prerequisite to create a therapeutic window allowing Tregs to induce and maintain allograft tolerance. In this mini review, we focus on the differential sensitivity of Tregs and effector T cells to the depleting and inhibitory effect of these immunotherapies, with a particular emphasis on CD3-specific antibodies that beyond their immunosuppressive effect, also express potent tolerogenic capacities.
Distinct memories of odor intensity and quality in Drosophila

Even in a simple Pavlovian memory task an animal may form several associations that can be independently assessed by the appropriate tests. Studying conditioned odor discrimination of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster we found that animals store quality and intensity of an odor as separate memory traces. The trace of odor intensity is short-lived, decaying in <3 h. Only the last intensity value is stored. In contrast to odor-quality memory, odor-intensity memory does not require the rutabaga-dependent cAMP signaling pathway. Flies rely on their memory of intensity in a narrow concentration range in which they can generalize intensity. Larger concentration differences they treat like different qualities. This study shows that the perceptual identity of an odor is based on at least three lines of processing in the brain: (i) a memory of odor quality, (ii) a memory of odor intensity, and (iii) a range of intensities (and qualities), in which the odor is generalized.
angiogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle Voluntary running induces fiber type-specific

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2007; 103 (5): 1815-1823. J Appl Physiol M. J. Lyon, L. M. Steer and L. T. Malmgren human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Stereological estimates indicate that aging does not alter the capillary length density in the [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , July 1, 2008; 295 (1): C288-C292. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol T. Akimoto, P. Li and Z. Yan exercise by in vivo imaging Functional interaction of regulatory factors with the Pgc-1{alpha} promoter in response to [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 15, 2008; 586 (24): 6021-6035. J. Physiol. K. A. Zwetsloot, L. M. Westerkamp, B. F. Holmes and T. P. Gavin necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 1, 2009; 106 (5): 1660-1667. J Appl Physiol L. E. Wong, T. Garland Jr., S. L. Rowan and R. T. Hepple mice Anatomic capillarization is elevated in the medial gastrocnemius muscle of mighty mini [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June 1, 2009; 94 (6): 749-760. Exp Physiol M. H. Malek and I. M. Olfert exercise capacity in mice Global deletion of thrombospondin-1 increases cardiac and skeletal muscle capillarity and
Antimicrobial resistance in outpatient Escherichia coli urinary isolates in Dakar, Senegal.

BACKGROUND Data regarding the evolution of antimicrobial resistance are needed to suggest appropriate empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) in developing countries. To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, the predominant pathogen in community-acquired UTI, a prospective multicenter study was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. METHODOLOGY From February 2004 to October 2006, 1010 non-duplicate E. coli strains were collected from four centres. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the CA-SFM (2004). RESULTS Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (73.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.5%), cephalothin (55.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68.1%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase was detected in 38 strains. The overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 23.9%, 16.4% and 15.5%, respectively. Most of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin (respective susceptibility rates, 93.8%, 89.9%, and 99.3%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for cephalothin, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may no longer be used as empirical treatment for community-acquired UTI in Dakar. In order to preserve the activity of fluoroquinolones for future years, alternatives such as fosfomycin or nitrofurantoin should be considered.
Influence of active device nonlinearities on the determination of Adler's injection-locking Q-factor

The problem of the correct evaluation of Q-factor appearing in Adler's equation for injection-locking is addressed. Investigation has shown that recent results presented in the literature, while extending applicability of the original method, do not completely account for nonlinear effects occurring when two-port active devices are involved. To overcome such limitation, use can be made of a newly developed theory in the dynamical complex envelope domain, capable of providing first-approximation exact dynamical models of driven quasi-sinusoidal oscillators. Some preliminary results are presented here concerning a class of injection-locked oscillators with single-loop feedback type configuration. The proposed procedure permits evaluation of the nonlinear oscillator Q-factor, either analytically or numerically, depending on the complexity of the nonlinear active device model involved. The example worked out, a MOST-equipped driven Colpitts scheme, clearly illustrates the accuracy improvement achieved in the determination of the locking bandwidth stemming from the newly defined effective Q-factor, without the need to resort to the very time consuming full numerical transient envelope simulations otherwise required to this purpose.
Socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life and leisure-time physical activity across adulthood

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) benefits heath therefore, it is important to understand which factors might influence LTPA. Studies link early life factors with adult health and behaviours but their associations, particularly developmental factors, with LTPA are unclear. Further, examining if associations found change with age may shed light on underlying mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was to examine associations of socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life with LTPA across adulthood. Published studies were systematically reviewed to examine associations between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult LTPA. Remaining objectives were addressed using data from up to 3545 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). Prospectively collected data from early life used in analyses were birth weight, infant motor milestones, ability at school games, upper and lower limb motor coordination and pubertal development. LTPA was self-reported five times between ages 36 and 68. Associations were examined using standard and mixed-effects binary and multinomial logistic regression. Age by early life factor interactions tested if associations varied by age at assessment of LTPA. Among 36 published studies identified, lower childhood SEP (most commonly indicated by parental occupation and education) was associated with less LTPA in adulthood (particularly among women and in UK cohorts) but there was considerable heterogeneity between studies. In the NSHD, low birth weight, lower ability at games and slower tapping speed in adolescence were associated with lower likelihood of participation in LTPA across adulthood and these associations did not vary by age. There was some suggestion that early maturing boys and later maturing girls were more likely to participate in LTPA in adulthood but this evidence was weak. Socioeconomic and developmental factors from early life were associated with LTPA across adulthood. The main implications of these findings are that those with low birth weight, less motor competence and lower SEP may require additional support to take up and maintain LTPA across adulthood.
Recursive EM and SAGE-inspired algorithms with application to DOA estimation

This paper is concerned with recursive estimation using augmented data. We study two recursive procedures closely linked with the well-known expectation and maximization (EM) and space alternating generalized EM (SAGE) algorithms. Unlike iterative methods, the recursive EM and SAGE-inspired algorithms give a quick update on estimates given new data. Under mild conditions, estimates generated by these procedures are strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. These mathematical properties are valid for a broad class of problems. When applied to direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, the recursive EM and SAGE-inspired algorithms lead to a very simple and fast implementation of the maximum-likelihood (ML) method. The most complicated computation in each recursion is inversion of the augmented information matrix. Through data augmentation, this matrix is diagonal and easy to invert. More importantly, there is no search in such recursive procedures. Consequently, the computational time is much less than that associated with existing numerical methods for finding ML estimates. This feature greatly increases the potential of the ML approach in real-time processing. Numerical experiments show that both algorithms provide good results with low computational cost.
Cosavirus Infection in Persons with and without Gastroenteritis, Brazil

To determine possible cosavirus association with clinical disease, we used real-time reverse transcription PCR to test children and HIV-positive adults in Brazil with and without gastroenteritis. Thirteen (3.6%) of 359 children with gastroenteritis tested positive, as did 69 (33.8%) of 204 controls. Low prevalence, frequent viral co-infections, and low fecal cosavirus RNA concentrations argue against human pathogenicity.