Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School-based positive psychology interventions: The development of a new evaluation process and intervention

This investigation reports the results an efficacy evaluation of a positive psychology intervention aimed at promoting optimistic thinking styles, positive emotions and adaptive behaviours in students aged 9 12 years through use of multiple techniques (including: CBT, attribution retraining, mindfulness, strength-based coaching, best-possible-self goal setting, and mental health education). Participants were 144 students in Grades 5 or 6 drawn from 8 classes in 3 primary schools across Sydney, Australia. A cluster randomised control trial was used to randomly allocate whole classes of students, with 5 classes allocated to the intervention condition, and 3 to the control condition. The intervention lasted 9 weeks and was implemented by a researcher. Participant knowledge of intervention skills, learning cognitions, behaviours, and level of academic achievement were measured at 3 points throughout the school year: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a five-month follow-up. Students in the intervention condition, both male and female, showed improvements in their anxiety about school, and knowledge of intervention skills. A large number of non-significant results were observed for the remaining ten cognitive and behavioural factors measured. While a significant between condition difference was observed for long-term reading progress, no significant effect between the intervention and control conditions was observed in mathematics. Differences over time between the 5 intervention classes were observed for disengagement, reading, and knowledge of intervention skills. The results indicate that the intervention was not successful in promoting positive student cognition, behaviours or improving academics. There is a need for both a longer-term follow-up and a follow-on effectiveness evaluation with teachers as implementers.
Sharing leadership for diffusion of innovation in professionalized settings

Innovation often flourishes in organizational pockets, but then fails to diffuse more widely. This represents a particular global challenge in healthcare where demands of an ageing population with increasing long-term conditions need to be addressed in the face of financial constraints. Shared leadership to support diffusion of innovation may offer a panacea for the challenge. Our study shows how changing configurations of shared leadership support diffusion and adaptation of innovation. Managers remain important actors for the mandate and resourcing of innovation but, over time, powerful professionals, specifically doctors, come to the fore, to engage their peers and influence resource allocation. Nurses complement doctors’ leadership efforts around engagement of frontline professionals and in adapting innovation to local context. Significant contingencies in shaping shared leadership for diffusion and adaptation of innovation are: organizational financial performance; whether nurses enact hybrid leadership roles; and whether organization is hierarchical or collaborative. Theoretically, by focusing upon leadership configuration in the process of diffusion of innovation, our study renders visible practices of shared leadership, interdependency of hierarchical managerial or professional influence, its effect upon innovation diffusion, and contingencies that underpin this.
Improving Written Argumentative Synthesis by Teaching the Integration of Conflicting Information from Multiple Sources

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2 different types of intervention aimed at improving written argumentative synthesis by integrating conflicting information from different sources. Both interventions combined the use of a guide with collaborative practice, but one of them also included explicit strategy instruction. Only students who received additional explicit instruction showed an improved ability to integrate conflicting information and increased the number of arguments they selected from the sources.
Does intuitive mindset influence belief in God? A registered replication of

In 2012, two independent groups simultaneously demonstrated that intuitive mindset enhances belief in God. However, there is now some mixed evidence on both the effectiveness of manipulations used in these studies and the effect of mindset manipulation on belief in God. Thus, this proposal attempted to replicate one of those experiments (Shenhav, Rand & Greene, 2012) for the first time in a high-powered experiment using an under-represented population (Turkey). In line with the intuitive belief hypothesis, a negative correlation between reflectiveness and religious belief emerged, at least in one of the experimental conditions. In contrast to that hypothesis, however, the results revealed no effect of the cognitive style manipulation on religious belief. Although a self-report measure (Faith in Intuition) provided evidence that the manipulation worked as intended, it did not influence actual performance (Cognitive Reflection Test), suggesting a demand effect problem. Overall, the results failed to provide support for the intuitive belief hypothesis in our non-WEIRD sample, despite generally following the predicted patterns, and suggest that using stronger manipulation techniques are warranted in future studies.
The morphology of H ii regions during reionization

It is possible that the properties of H II regions during reionization depend sensitively on many poorly constrained quantities [the nature of the ionizing sources, the clumpiness of the gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM), the degree to which photoionizing feedback suppresses the abundance of low-mass galaxies, etc.], making it extremely difficult to interpret upcoming observations of this epoch. We demonstrate that the actual situation is more encouraging, using a suite of radiative transfer simulations, post-processed on outputs from a 1024 3 , 94-Mpc N-body simulation. Analytic prescriptions are used to incorporate small-scale structures that affect reionization, yet remain unresolved in the N-body simulation. We show that the morphology of the H II regions for reionization by POPII-like stars is most dependent on the global ionization fraction x i . Changing other parameters by an order of magnitude for fixed x i often results in similar bubble sizes and shapes. The next most important dependence is on the properties of the ionizing sources. The rarer the sources, the larger and more spherical the H II regions become. The typical bubble size can vary by as much as a factor of 4 at fixed x i between different possible source prescriptions. The final relevant factor is the abundance of minihaloes or of Lyman-limit systems. These systems suppress the largest bubbles from growing, and the magnitude of this suppression depends on the thermal history of the gas as well as the rate at which these systems are photo-evaporated. We find that neither source suppression owing to photo-heating nor small-scale gas clumping significantly affects the large-scale structure of the H II regions, with the ionization fraction power spectrum at fixed x i differing by less than 20 per cent for k < 5 Mpc -1 between all the source suppression and clumping models we consider. Analytic models of reionization are successful at predicting many of the features seen in our simulations. We discuss how observations of the 21-cm line with the Mileura Widefield Array (MWA) and the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) can constrain properties of reionization, and we study the effect patchy reionization has on the statistics of Lyα emitting galaxies.
The Influence of Glasses on the Perception of Professionals from Different Cultural Backgrounds

A lot of different stimuli might affect how individuals perceive the faces of other individuals. Examples of these stimuli are the cultural background of an observer, but also facial accessories, such as glasses. To find out if and in what way glasses affect the perception of other individuals, 31 marketing professionals judged a total of 66 photos of 22 individuals on the basis of 5 criteria. These criteria are attractiveness, likability, successfulness, intelligence, and trustworthiness. In order to find out if culture influences the perception of individuals wearing glasses, this research has been conducted in the Netherlands and Serbia. In both the Netherlands and Serbia no significant differences could be found between individuals not wearing glasses, individuals wearing rimless glasses, and individuals wearing full-rim glasses. There were however significant differences when comparing the results from the two countries. It became apparent that professionals from Serbia perceive individuals wearing rimless and full-rim glasses to be significantly more successful than professionals from the Netherlands did. It furthermore turned out that Serb professionals perceive individuals without glasses and individuals wearing rimless glasses to be significantly more intelligent than Dutch professionals do.
Perbandingan Tingkat kedisiplinan dan Karakter Belajar antara Siswa SMAN 1 Kelara dan Rahmatullah Kelas XII IPA Kabupaten Jeneponto

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kedisiplinan dan Karakter belajar siswa SMAN 1 Kelara dan MA Rahmatullah sekaligus untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan tingkat kedisiplinan dan karakter belajar siswa SMAN 1 kelara dan MA Rahmatullah Kabupaten Jeneponto Jenis penelitian ini tergolong expost facto dengan pendekatan penelitian melalui metode angket skala likert. Angket didistribusikan kepada Siswa SMAN 1 Kelara dan MA Rahmatullah Kelas XII.IPA Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data angket yang terdistribusi pada skala 20 – 79, maka diperoleh Kedisiplinan Siswa SMAN 1 Kelara berada pada kategori tingg dengan nilai rata-rata 67,16. Untuk Karakter Belajar, berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 58.3. Sedangkan Kedisiplinan MA Rahmatullah berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 60,5. Untuk Karakter Belajar berada pada kategori sedang dengan nilai rata-rata 49.8 Melalui analisis inferensial maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara Kedisiplinan Fhitung 4.01 > FTabel 2.00. Demikian pula halnya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara karakter Belajar SMAN 1 Kelara dengan MA Rahmatullah dengan Fhitung 4.77 > FTabel 2.00. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkanpkan dapat dijadikan referensi bagi jurusan untuk senantiasa mempertahankan atau meningkatkan Kedisiplinan dan Karakter Belajar Siswa dalam upaya memperkuat nilai-nilai social dan disiplin dalam proses pembelajaran dikelas.
Spectrum of Optically Thin Advection-dominated Accretion Flow around a Black Hole: Application to Sagittarius A*

The global structure of optically thin advection-dominated accretion flows composed of two-temperature plasma around black holes is calculated. We adopt the full set of basic equations, including the advective energy transport in the energy equation for the electrons. The spectra emitted by the optically thin accretion flows are also investigated. The radiation mechanisms that are taken into account are bremsstrahlung, synchrotron emission, and Comptonization. The calculation of the spectra and that of the structure of the accretion flows are made to be completely consistent by calculating the radiative cooling rate at each radius. As a result of the advection domination for the ions, the heat transport from the ions to the electrons becomes practically zero, and the radiative cooling balances with the advective heating in the energy equation of the electrons. Following up on the successful work of Narayan et al., we applied our model to the spectrum of Sgr A*. We find that the spectrum of Sgr A* is explained by the optically thin advection-dominated accretion flow around a black hole of mass MBH = 106 M☉. The parameter dependence of the spectrum and the structure of the accretion flows is also discussed.
Experiences of an Ethnographer in Two Ghanaian Hospitals

In Ghana and many sub-Saharan African countries, ethnographies of medical setting are relatively uncommon. This might be due to the general view that to study the area of biomedicine by investigating hospital, health centre or clinic is a new territory for medical anthropologists. Besides, perhaps, anthropologists rarely made biomedicine itself a subject for analyses and accepted that it is supposedly grounded in science; it is not a subject of anthropological or sociological inquiry. Therefore, anthropologists over the years devoted much of their time into studying rituals and beliefs of exotic cultures, indigenous therapists, lay perceptions of health and illness. However, there is a growing interest in recent years in studying biomedicine as a cultural or social system. In this regard, this article seeks to illustrate the rigorous processes/procedures social scientists need to go through to enter the hospital and the peculiar strategies they have to adopt in order to collect data in the hospital setting. Further, it tries to show how actors in the facility (which includes biomedical professionals, patients and their relatives) generally perceive social scientists who conduct social science research and particularly ethnography in the hospital setting. The article thus sheds light on the experiences of an ethnographer in the hospital and how he continuously negotiated his presence to collect data in a setting which is often considered the domain of biomedical professionals. The article concludes that the anthropological method is not common in the hospital setting and therefore the need for more hospital ethnography to make it popular among health workers and also demonstrate its important contribution to quality health care delivery.
Algorithm for Generating Derivative Structures

We present an algorithm for generating all derivative superstructures--for arbitrary parent structures and for any number of atom types. This algorithm enumerates superlattices and atomic configurations in a geometry-independent way. The key concept is to use the quotient group associated with each superlattice to determine all unique atomic configurations. The run time of the algorithm scales linearly with the number of unique structures found. We show several applications demonstrating how the algorithm can be used in materials design problems. We predict an altogether new crystal structure in Cd-Pt and Pd-Pt, and several new ground states in Pd-rich and Pt-rich binary systems.
The Role of regulatory pride in entrepreneurial career choice

This exploratory study focuses on an important self-regulatory factor known as regulatory pride which is a potential determinant of entrepreneurial goal-setting and career choice. I report a mixed methods study of these phenomena using a sample of 30 founder-managers. The study integrates measures of regulatory pride derived from a survey questionnaire with qualitative data about entrepreneurial career choice derived from semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that the aspect of regulatory pride known as promotion pride is positively related to most reasons for entrepreneurial career choice. The implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Block iterative DFE for single carrier modulation

An iterative block decision feedback equaliser (IB-DFE) for single carrier modulation is proposed. Filtering operations are implemented by discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) which yield a reduced computational complexity, for both filter design and signal processing, when compared to existing DFEs. Moreover, the new IB-DFE operates on blocks of the receive signal, thus allowing the use of error correction codes on the feedback data signal.
Evidence for CD8+ T-cell immunity to murine rotavirus in the absence of perforin, fas, and gamma interferon

We recently showed that class I-restricted CD8+ T cells mediate clearance of primary rotavirus infection in mice: JHD knockout (JHD -/-) (B-cell-deficient) mice depleted of CD8+ T cells become chronically infected with murine rotavirus, and beta2 microglobulin knockout (beta2m -/-) mice have delayed but complete clearance of primary rotavirus infection. In the present work we have analyzed the mechanism used by CD8+ T cells to clear rotavirus infection. We first determined that perforin knockout (perforin -/-) mice and lpr (fas-deficient) mice clear rotavirus infection with the same kinetics as control mice. When perforin -/- or perforin +/+ mice were depleted of CD8+ T cells by administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody, they showed a delay of 1 to 2 days in the clearance of rotavirus infection compared to the clearance time for untreated control mice, indicating that CD8+ T cells in both groups of mice participate in the resolution of primary rotavirus infection. In addition, passively transferred CD8+ T cells from rotavirus-infected perforin +/+ and perforin -/- mice were able to mediate viral clearance in Rag 2 knockout (Rag 2 -/-) mice chronically infected with rotavirus with similar kinetics, suggesting that CD8+ T cells from perforin -/- mice are as efficient as CD8+ T cells from perforin +/+ mice in clearing a rotavirus infection. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) was also shown to be unnecessary for the antirotavirus effect of CD8+ T cells: IFN-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma -/-) mice and JHD -/-, perforin -/-, and perforin +/+ mice depleted of IFN-gamma by administration of an anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody cleared rotavirus infection with the same kinetics as those for control mice. Hence, CD8+ T cells have an antirotaviral effect that is not mediated by perforin and appears to be independent of fas and the release of IFN-gamma.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil and trans-Cinnamaldehyde against resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The essential oil (EO) extracted from the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Czey; also known as cinnamon), mostly derives its properties from its major compound trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCin). The present study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of the essential oil from Czey (CzeyEO) and TCin against sensitive and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the combinatorial effects of CzeyEO and TCin with the anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). The resazurin microtiter assay method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the components tested on the clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. The effects of the CzeyEO/RIF, CzeyEO/INH, TCin/RIF, and TCin/INH combinations on the M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain were evaluated using the checkerboard method to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). CzeyEO and TCin inhibited all bacterial clinical isolates. In the interactive experiment, CzeyEO and TCin were found to be highly effective in reducing the resistance of resistant M. tuberculosis to RIF and INH. All four tested combinations demonstrated synergistic and additive effects, with no antagonistic effects. The synergistic combinations of CzeyEO/RIF and CzeyEO/INH exhibited FICI values of 0.375 and 0.5, respectively, while the TCin/RIF and TCin/INH combinations exhibited FICI values of 0.31 and 0.5, respectively. These results indicate that CzeyEO and TCin are potential candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in combination therapy with INH and RIF.
Respiratory Source Control Using Surgical Masks With Nanofiber Media

Background: Potentially infected individuals (‘source’) are sometimes encouraged to use face masks to reduce exposure of their infectious aerosols to others (‘receiver’). To improve compliance with Respiratory Source Control via face mask and therefore reduce receiver exposure, a mask should be comfortable and effective. We tested a novel face mask designed to improve breathability and filtration using nanofiber filtration. Methods: Using radiolabeled test aerosols and a calibrated exposure chamber simulating source to receiver interaction, facepiece function was measured with a life-like ventilated manikin model. Measurements included mask airflow resistance (pressure difference during breathing), filtration, (mask capture of exhaled radiolabeled test aerosols), and exposure (the transfer of ‘infectious’ aerosols from the ‘source’ to a ‘receiver’). Polydisperse aerosols were measured at the source with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.95 µm. Approximately 90% of the particles were <2.0 µm. Tested facepieces included nanofiber prototype surgical masks, conventional surgical masks, and for comparison, an N95-class filtering facepiece respirator (commonly known as an ‘N95 respirator’). Airflow through and around conventional surgical face mask and nanofiber prototype face mask was visualized using Schlieren optical imaging. Results: Airflow resistance [ΔP, cmH2O] across sealed surgical masks (means: 0.1865 and 0.1791 cmH2O) approached that of the N95 (mean: 0.2664 cmH2O). The airflow resistance across the nanofiber face mask whether sealed or not sealed (0.0504 and 0.0311 cmH2O) was significantly reduced in comparison. In addition, ‘infected’ source airflow filtration and receiver exposure levels for nanofiber face masks placed on the source were comparable to that achieved with N95 placed on the source; 98.98% versus 82.68% and 0.0194 versus 0.0557, respectively. Compared to deflection within and around the conventional face masks, Schlieren optical imaging demonstrated enhanced airflow through the nanofiber mask. Conclusions: Substituting nanofiber for conventional filter media significantly reduced face mask airflow resistance directing more airflow through the face mask resulting in enhanced filtration. Respiratory source control efficacy similar to that achieved through the use of an N95 respirator worn by the source and decreased airflow resistance using nanofiber masks may improve compliance and reduce receiver exposure.
Probing genetic overlap among complex human phenotypes

Geneticists and epidemiologists often observe that certain hereditary disorders cooccur in individual patients significantly more (or significantly less) frequently than expected, suggesting there is a genetic variation that predisposes its bearer to multiple disorders, or that protects against some disorders while predisposing to others. We suggest that, by using a large number of phenotypic observations about multiple disorders and an appropriate statistical model, we can infer genetic overlaps between phenotypes. Our proof-of-concept analysis of 1.5 million patient records and 161 disorders indicates that disease phenotypes form a highly connected network of strong pairwise correlations. Our modeling approach, under appropriate assumptions, allows us to estimate from these correlations the size of putative genetic overlaps. For example, we suggest that autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia share significant genetic overlaps. Our disease network hypothesis can be immediately exploited in the design of genetic mapping approaches that involve joint linkage or association analyses of multiple seemingly disparate phenotypes.