Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of multi-resistance in gram-negative aerobes from intensive care units of 10 German hospitals.

At the beginning of 1990, 10 German hospitals participated in a surveillance study of 100 consecutively submitted Gram-negative aerobes originating in their intensive care units (ICUs). A total of 1,006 isolates were obtained from 446 patients. Resistance rates cited apply to the initial strains isolated and use the NCCLS fully susceptible breakpoint. Over 1/3 of the penicillin resistant populations of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and simultaneously resistant to cefazolin and cefuroxime. These resistance patterns were found in 9/10 hospitals. Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was rare and confined to 2/10 centers. Enterobacteriaceae with inducible beta-lactamase, e.g. Enterobacter spp. , Serratia spp. , C. freundii and Morganella spp. , were in all centers the major source of isolates resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins. Cross-resistance between these agents was extensive. Both imipenem and ciprofloxacin remained active against this species group. Resistance rates to anti-pseudomonal agents ranged from 10 to 20%. Analysis of cross-resistance in P. aeruginosa revealed a correlated magnitude of resistance between cephalosporins and penicillins, but none toward imipenem. Resistance acquisition reached 50% for cephalosporins in those patients providing repeated isolates of the inducible Enterobacteriaceae. High rates of resistance development prior to and during ICU occupancy could explain why rates of resistance observed in this study were 1.6-fold higher than reported in recent surveys of hospital-wide isolates from Germany. Resistance patterns seen from the ICU suggest that prescribing doctrine be reappraised to limit practices engendering resistance to large families of related antibiotics.
Abusing victims: detention of child sexual abuse victims in secure accommodation

Sexually abused children and adolescents, in limbo between revelation of abuse and trial of an alleged offender, or in emotional turmoil after such abuse, need special care and support. Evidence indicates that a number of such children are held in local authority secure centres, on various grounds: to protect them from further sexual assaults by an adult offender; because of their persistent absconding from non-secure residential centres; and because of their disturbed behaviour (including suicidal behaviours), which may have been caused by the assault. Victims of sexual abuse are held with juveniles on remand for serious crimes (including rape and murder), or (because they are too young for youth detention centres) with young adolescents who are held in detention following conviction for such crimes. Evidence is produced from case histories, and from a survey of 15 of the 27 secure detention centres for children and young people in England, that the mix of abused, disturbed and very aggressive children is highly problematic. In worst case scenarios, victims of child sexual abuse are sexually assaulted by juvenile rapists with whom they are housed.
A Leap of Faith? Positive Illusions in Romantic Relationships

It is proposed that satisfying, stable relationships reflect intimates' ability to see imperfect relationships in somewhat idealized ways-to make a leap of faith. Both members of dating and married couples completed a measure of relationship illusions, tapping idealized perceptions of the partners' attributes, exaggerated perceptions of control, and unrealistic optimism. Results of concurrent analyses revealed that relationship illusions predicted greater satisfaction, love, and trust, and less conflict and ambivalence in both dating and marital relationships. A longitudinal follow-up of the dating sample revealed that relationships were more likely to persist the stronger individuals' initial illusions. Relationship illusions also predicted increases in later satisfaction but not vice versa. These results suggest that positive illusions capture a prospective sense of conviction or security that is not simply isomorphic with satisfaction.
Smooth Switching Robust Adaptive Control for Omnidirectional Mobile Robots

Issues of modeling and control design for omnidirectional mobile robots with both structured and unstructured uncertainties are presented. First, system dynamics with an arbitrary location of the center of mass (CM) are derived. The system parameters, including the location of CM and those in the motor dynamics, are assumed unknown. The commonly adopted adaptive linearizing control suffers from the so-called control singularity under such circumstances. A smooth switching adaptive robust controller is then proposed to alleviate such a difficulty. It consists of four parts, a nominal adaptive linearizing controller, a deputy adaptive sliding-mode controller being in charge near singularity, a switching algorithm monitoring the exchange of control authority between the above two controllers, and a standard robust controller for handing the unstructured uncertainty. Not only does it significantly reduce the control voltages near singularity, but it also achieves better transients than a single adaptive controller and less control effort than a single robust controller. Both the simulation and experiments on an omnidirectional mobile robot are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed design.
International Evidence on Cash Holdings and Expected Managerial Agency Problems

This article uses managerial control rights data for over 5000 firms from 31 countries to examine the net costs and benefits of cash holdings. We find that when external country-level shareholder protection is weak, firm values are lower when controlling managers hold more cash. Further, when external shareholder protection is weak we find that firm values are higher when controlling managers pay dividends. Only when external shareholder protection is strong do we find that cash held by controlling managers is unrelated to firm value, consistent with generally prevailing U.S. and international evidence.
Near-Optimal Design and 3-D Finite Element Analysis of Multiple Sets of Radial Magnetic Couplings

Multiple sets of magnetic couplings are widely used in many industrial applications. Accurate analysis and efficient optimal design are essential to avoid costly trials. We present an example of simultaneously optimizing two sets of radial magnetic couplings with 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) modeling. First, we list the preliminary design specifications and set up a simplified mathematical model with novel criteria. We then establish an FEA model. Finally, we implement an optimizing strategy consisting of the 3-D FEA, the design of experiments (DOE), and an exhaust algorithm in a small range to obtain the near-optimal parameter set. This strategy increased efficiency by about 99.4% with sufficient accuracy, compared with the method of exhaustion without DOE. The optimizing strategy can also be employed in various similar industrial applications.
A step closer toward therapies for p63-related disorders

Small molecules with low molecular weight are of interest for drug development, as they are more likely to be absorbed. In cancer research, p53 is often mutated in many tumors, and many small molecules targeting mutant p53 have been tested. One of such low molecular weight compounds is APR246/PRIMA-1MET that was identified as a compound targeting and reactivating p53 mutants based on a cell-based screening for rescuing the apoptotic activity of p53. Recently, we have reported two different model systems, (1) corneal epithelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from reprogramming of patient fibroblasts and (2) skin organotypic reconstitution of patient-derived keratinocytes. We have shown that APR246/PRIMA-1MET can rescue epithelial differentiation defects caused by mutations in p63 that is a family member of p53 and shares high sequence and structural similarity with the p53 protein.1,2 The rationale of the two cellular models for drug screening and the potential of APR246/PRIMA-1MET to restore visual impairment of patients are discussed (Fig. 1).
State against Civil Society: Contentious Politics and the Non-Systemic Opposition in Russia

1. State against Civil Society: Contentious Politics and the Non-Systemic Opposition in Russia Cameron Ross 2. Political Opposition in Russia: A Troubled Transformation Vladimir Gel'man 3. Questioning Control and Contestation in Late Putinite Russia Richard Sakwa 4. The Calculus of Non-Protest in Russia: Redistributive Expectations from Political Reforms Irina Busygina and Mikhail Filippov 5. Lost in Transition? The Geography of Protests and Attitude Change in Russia Mikhail Dmitriev 6. Competing Ideologies of Russia's Civil Society Elena Chebankova 7. The Middle Class and Democratisation in Russia Evgeny Gontmakher and Cameron Ross 8. Mind the Gaps: Media Use and Mass Action in Russia Regina Smyth and Sarah Oates 9. Ethnicities, Nationalism and the Politics of Identity: Shaping the Nation in Russia Irina Semenenko 10. New Data on Protest Trends in Russia's Regions Tomila Lankina and Alisa Voznaya
Leadership attributes, masculinity and risk taking as predictors of crisis proneness

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which leadership attributes, masculinity, risk taking and decision making affect perceived crisis proneness.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws mainly on the literature about gender, leadership and organizational crisis to explore whether masculinity predicts crisis proneness, and the extent to which leadership attributes as well as risk‐taking and decision‐making style are efficient predictors of perceived crisis preparedness (CP). Utilizing pertinent literature and concepts, the paper evaluates a database of 231 female and male managers.Findings – As hypothesized, masculinity is positively associated, whereas transformational leadership is inversely associated with perceived crisis proneness. Both participative decision making and passive management predict higher degree of perceived crisis proneness and so does risk taking.Research limitations/implications – More in‐depth research as well as larger and more diverse sample is requ.
Prevention of early childhood caries--results of a fluoride toothpaste demonstration trial on Chinese preschool children after three years.

OBJECTIVES This field demonstration trial evaluates the long-term effects of introducing daily toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste in a Chinese kindergarten (test group) compared to caries development in children who had no organized preventive program (control group). METHODS In the test group teacher-supervised toothbrushing was initiated with 1,000 ppm MFP toothpaste in addition to oral health education activities. Test and control children were examined at baseline (n = 289, aged 3 years) and annually thereafter. RESULTS After three years, 251 children (87%) were still in the trial. Caries development (dmfs) calculation included only those children who were present at both baseline and subsequent annual examinations. At baseline the mean dmfs was 4.8 in the test group and 6.5 in the control group (NS). After three years the caries increment was 6.2 and 8.4 in the test group and the control group, respectively (P < .05). Adjusting for reversals, the net caries increment was 3.6 and 6.3, respectively (P < .01). Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that both baseline dmfs, the program and plaque level had a significant effect on the net caries increment. The use of hierarchical caries severity zones was useful for the identification of those children most at risk for further caries development. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a daily toothbrushing with limited involvement of professional staff was feasible in a Chinese kindergarten and that caries development was significantly slowed in the test children. Caries severity zones may possibly assist in determining levels of intervention.
Postpartum Depression: Is Mode of Delivery a Risk Factor?

There are various factors related to postpartum depression. In this study we have aimed to determine the effect of mode of delivery on the risk of postpartum depression. A total of 318 women who applied for delivery were included in the study. Previously diagnosed fetal anomalies, preterm deliveries, stillbirths, and patients with need of intensive care unit were excluded from the study. Data about the patients were obtained during hospital stay. During the postpartum sixth week visit Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) was applied. There was no significant difference between EPDS scores when compared according to age, education, gravidity, wanting the pregnancy, fear about birth, gender, family type, and income level (P > 0.05). Those who had experienced emesis during their pregnancy, had a history of depression, and were housewives had significantly higher EPDS scores (P < 0.05). Delivering by spontaneous vaginal birth, elective Cesarean section, or emergency Cesarean section had no effect on EPDS scores. In conclusion healthcare providers should be aware of postpartum depression risk in nonworking women with a history of emesis and depression and apply the EPDS to them for early detection of postpartum depression.
Treating Trauma Survivors with Neurofeedback: A Grounded Theory Study

Neuroscience, the mental health field, and the concept of trauma as an underlying factor in mental and physical disorders have been inextricably linked since the inception of the mental health professions. Numerous quantitative studies have indicated that neurofeedback may be effective in ameliorating trauma symptoms; however, there is a paucity of research exploring the factors that produce those positive outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative grounded theory study was to explore the factors and processes that influence treatment outcomes when neurofeedback is used with trauma survivors. Thirty interviews were completed with 10 experienced mental health and neurofeedback professionals identified through a nomination process with a snowball sampling method. For this study a wide definition of trauma was used that included traumatic brain injury, the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, and the seven symptoms associated with complex trauma (Courtois, 2008; Courtois & Ford, 2009; Herman, 1992, 1997). Research results indicate that the neurofeedback practitioner is central to the treatment process, that practitioner therapeutic skills are crucial to positive neurofeedback outcomes, and that counseling and neurofeedback may effectively complement each other in trauma treatment.
A Low-Complexity Bock Linear Smoothing Channel Estimation for SIMO-OFDM Systems without Cyclic Prefix

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems often use a cyclic prefix (CP) to simplify the equalization design at the cost of bandwidth efficiency. To increase the bandwidth efficiency, we study the blind equalization with linear smoothing [1] for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) OFDM systems without CP insertion in this paper. Due to the block Toeplitz structure of channel matrix, the block matrix scheme is applied to the linear smoothing channel estimation, which equivalently increases the number of sample vectors and thus reduces the perturbation of sample autocorrelation matrix. Compared with the linear smoothing and subspace methods, the proposed block linear smoothing requires the lowest computational complexity. Computer simulations show that the block linear smoothing yields a channel estimation error smaller than that from linear smoothing, and close to that of the subspace method. Evaluating by the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizer, the block linear smoothing and subspace methods have nearly the same bit-error-rates (BERs).
Tactile Communication of Speech

The long-term goal of this research is to develop tactual aids for persons who are profoundly deaf or deaf-blind to serve as a substitute for hearing in the reception of speech and environmental sounds. This research can contribute to improved speech reception and production, language competence, and environmental-sound recognition in such individuals. This research is also relevant to the development of improved tactual and haptic displays for a broad class of applications (including virtual-environment and teleoperator systems in addition to sensory aids).
Three-dimensional, single-molecule fluorescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit by using a double-helix point spread function

We demonstrate single-molecule fluorescence imaging beyond the optical diffraction limit in 3 dimensions with a wide-field microscope that exhibits a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). The DH-PSF design features high and uniform Fisher information and has 2 dominant lobes in the image plane whose angular orientation rotates with the axial (z) position of the emitter. Single fluorescent molecules in a thick polymer sample are localized in single 500-ms acquisitions with 10- to 20-nm precision over a large depth of field (2 μm) by finding the center of the 2 DH-PSF lobes. By using a photoactivatable fluorophore, repeated imaging of sparse subsets with a DH-PSF microscope provides superresolution imaging of high concentrations of molecules in all 3 dimensions. The combination of optical PSF design and digital postprocessing with photoactivatable fluorophores opens up avenues for improving 3D imaging resolution beyond the Rayleigh diffraction limit.
Jihad Against Infidels and Democracy: A Frame Analysis of Jihadist Ideology and Jurisprudence for Martyrdom and Violent Jihad

Since 9/11, scholars have devoted much attention to investigating the rhetoric of President George W. Bush, and other Western leaders for its ostensive distancing of Arab Muslims and its binary polarization of Islam and democracy. Additionally, researchers have explored the mechanisms by which the news media frame reporting and perceptions of radical Islamic terrorism. Of significant noteworthiness is the visible absence of scholarly research investigating the writings, pronouncements, or communiqués of the proponents of jihadism. This study sought to address this gap by exploring two written documents with authorship attributed to Ayman al-Zawahiri that focused on Islam's relationship with democracy and the jurisprudence for jihad. Coding of the two documents involved both a deductive a priori general frame categorization, along with an inductive grounded-theory approach to identify specific framing devices. The findings indicate that Zawahiri tended to frame democracy as an apostate religion that competes with Islam and therefore, must be destroyed, while likewise framing jihad and martyrdom as sacrosanct obligations for all Muslims.
Nutrition in Pelvic Radiation Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Similarities and Differences

Due to the intestinal inflammation, tissue damage, and painful abdominal symptoms restricting dietary intake associated with both diseases, patients with intestinal pelvic radiation disease (PRD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk to develop protein calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. In the current paper, we review the nutritional management of both diseases, listing the similar approaches of nutritional management and the nutritional implications of intestinal dysfunction of both diseases. Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with either disease and nutritional risk screening and assessment of nutritional status are required for designing the proper nutritional intervention plan. This plan may include dietary management, oral nutritional supplementation, and enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. In addition to managing malnutrition, nutrients exert immune modulating effects during periods of intestinal inflammation and can play a role in mitigating the risks associated with the disease activity. Consistently, exclusive enteral feeding is recommended for inducing remission in pediatric patients with active Crohn's disease, with less clear guidelines on use in patients with ulcerative colitis. The field of immune modulating nutrition is an evolving science that takes into consideration the specific mechanism of action of nutrients, nutrient-nutrient interaction, and preexisting nutritional status of the patients.
A randomized controlled single blind study of the efficacy of clonazepam and lithium in the treatment of acute mania

This study is a randomized controlled trial of 40 patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder, manic phase (DSM IV). The patients were treated with either clonazepam or lithium. There were no differences between the two groups at 4 weeks on any of the efficacy measures, which included the BPRS, MAS, CGI and GAF scales. Side‐effects were comparably mild in both groups. Clonazepam may be an effective treatment for acute mania. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Release Placements of Insanity Acquittees in Oregon: 2012-2014.

Between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014, there was a large population (N = 200) of insanity acquittees placed on conditional release (CR) in the state of Oregon. This article looks at the demographic and system characteristics of this large group of individuals. The authors then focus on the initial housing placement and what happens to individuals after their release in relation to their housing placement. In Oregon, insanity acquittees are either conditionally released directly by the court or placed in the hospital prior to potential CR by a supervising board. In general, once CR occurs, individuals tend to stay in their initial placement without moving to less structured levels of care, raising concerns about transinstitutionalization. This is especially true for individuals released to the most structured living arrangement (secure residential treatment facility). Those individuals who are conditionally released to less structured settings have a higher rate of revocation back to the hospital. Those individuals who do move to less structured levels of care usually have longer hospital stays and start off in more structured levels of care to start their CR. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Panel Design to Assess the Effects of Regulatory Induced Reductions in Opportunity on Deer Hunters’ Satisfaction

Beginning in 1992, regulatory changes in Colorado shortened rifle hunting for buck deer to the first three days of the combined deer and elk rifle seasons. These changes represented a severe reduction in season length (40%–75%) and provided an opportunity to examine the impact of dramatic regulatory changes on hunters’ beliefs, satisfaction, and behavior using a panel study design. Data were collected before and after the regulatory changes, from a panel of 1,018 rifle buck deer hunters (521 residents and 497 nonresidents). Satisfaction with the rifle buck deer hunting experience declined significantly for both resident and nonresident hunters after the new regulations were implemented. Hunters’ beliefs about the consequences of the regulations and their level of support for the regulations explained a relatively large and significant proportion of the change in satisfaction levels. Beliefs about the consequences of and level of support for the regulations were significant predictors of the perceived level of regulatory constraint. In turn, the level of regulatory constraint predicted perceptions of overall constraint to rifle deer hunting and these perceptions were significantly related to actual participation in rifle buck deer hunting. Study results imply that regulations that are perceived as decreasing recreation opportunities can decrease overall satisfaction with the hunting experience. The authors suggest thresholds exist for regulatory constraints beyond which there are severe impacts on satisfaction.