Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Letermovir Prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus in Hematopoietic‐Cell Transplantation

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic‐cell transplantation. Letermovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits the CMV–terminase complex. Methods In this phase 3, double‐blind trial, we randomly assigned CMV‐seropositive transplant recipients, 18 years of age or older, in a 2:1 ratio to receive letermovir or placebo, administered orally or intravenously, through week 14 after transplantation; randomization was stratified according to trial site and CMV disease risk. Letermovir was administered at a dose of 480 mg per day (or 240 mg per day in patients taking cyclosporine). Patients in whom clinically significant CMV infection (CMV disease or CMV viremia leading to preemptive treatment) developed discontinued the trial regimen and received anti‐CMV treatment. The primary end point was the proportion of patients, among patients without detectable CMV DNA at randomization, who had clinically significant CMV infection through week 24 after transplantation. Patients who discontinued the trial or had missing end‐point data at week 24 were imputed as having a primary end‐point event. Patients were followed through week 48 after transplantation. Results From June 2014 to March 2016, a total of 565 patients underwent randomization and received letermovir or placebo beginning a median of 9 days after transplantation. Among 495 patients with undetectable CMV DNA at randomization, fewer patients in the letermovir group than in the placebo group had clinically significant CMV infection or were imputed as having a primary end‐point event by week 24 after transplantation (122 of 325 patients [37.5%] vs. 103 of 170 [60.6%], P<0.001). The frequency and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups overall. Vomiting was reported in 18.5% of the patients who received letermovir and in 13.5% of those who received placebo; edema in 14.5% and 9.4%, respectively; and atrial fibrillation or flutter in 4.6% and 1.0%, respectively. The rates of myelotoxic and nephrotoxic events were similar in the letermovir group and the placebo group. All‐cause mortality at week 48 after transplantation was 20.9% among letermovir recipients and 25.5% among placebo recipients. Conclusions Letermovir prophylaxis resulted in a significantly lower risk of clinically significant CMV infection than placebo. Adverse events with letermovir were mainly of low grade. (Funded by Merck; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02137772; EudraCT number, 2013‐003831‐31.)
Non-conscious goal pursuit and the effortful control of behavior

– Psychology Department, Utrecht University (The Netherlands) Version of May 5, 2007. Authors Note: The research reviewed in this paper was supported by an ISF grant (#846/03) to the first author and NWO VIDI-grant 452-02-047 to the second author. Correspondence should be sent to ran.hassin@huji.ac. il .
Do Mixed-Flora Preoperative Urine Cultures Matter?

Objectives To determine whether mixed-flora preoperative urine cultures, as compared with no-growth preoperative urine cultures, are associated with a higher prevalence of postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Women who underwent urogynecologic surgery were included if their preoperative clean-catch urine culture result was mixed flora or no growth. Women were excluded if they received postoperative antibiotics for reasons other than treatment of a UTI. Women were divided into two cohorts based on preoperative urine culture results—mixed flora or no growth; the prevalence of postoperative UTI was compared between cohorts. Baseline characteristics were compared using &khgr;2 or Student t tests. A logistic regression analysis then was performed. Results We included 282 women who were predominantly postmenopausal, white, and overweight. There were many concomitant procedures; 46% underwent a midurethral sling procedure and 68% underwent pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Preoperative urine cultures resulted as mixed flora in 192 (68%) and no growth in 90 (32%) patients. Overall, 14% were treated for a UTI postoperatively. There was no difference in the proportion of patients treated for a postoperative UTI between the two cohorts (25 mixed flora vs 13 no growth, P = 0.77). These results remained when controlling for potentially confounding variables in a logistic regression model (adjusted odds ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.96). Conclusions In women with mixed-flora compared with no-growth preoperative urine cultures, there were no differences in the prevalence of postoperative UTI. The clinical practice of interpreting mixed-flora cultures as negative is appropriate.
The Non-Hemostatic Aspects of Transfused Platelets

Platelets transfusion is a safe process, but during or after the process, the recipient may experience an adverse reaction and occasionally a serious adverse reaction (SAR). In this review, we focus on the inflammatory potential of platelet components (PCs) and their involvement in SARs. Recent evidence has highlighted a central role for platelets in the host inflammatory and immune responses. Blood platelets are involved in inflammation and various other aspects of innate immunity through the release of a plethora of immunomodulatory cytokines, chemokines, and associated molecules, collectively termed biological response modifiers that behave like ligands for endothelial and leukocyte receptors and for platelets themselves. The involvement of PCs in SARs—particularly on a critically ill patient’s context—could be related, at least in part, to the inflammatory functions of platelets, acquired during storage lesions. Moreover, we focus on causal link between platelet activation and immune-mediated disorders (transfusion-associated immunomodulation, platelets, polyanions, and bacterial defense and alloimmunization). This is linked to the platelets’ propensity to be activated even in the absence of deliberate stimuli and to the occurrence of time-dependent storage lesions.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (spontaneous aneurysmal).

INTRODUCTION Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) may arise spontaneously or as a result of trauma. Spontaneous SAH accounts for about 5% of all strokes. Ruptured aneurysms are the cause of 85% of spontaneous SAH. The most characteristic clinical feature is sudden-onset severe headache. Other features include vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficit or seizures, or both. As the headache may have insidious onset in some cases, or may even be absent, a high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose SAH with less typical presentations. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of surgical treatments for people with confirmed aSAH? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). RESULTS At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 82 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 47 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 33 studies and the further review of 14 full publications. Of the 14 full articles evaluated, one systematic review, one RCT, and four further reports were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for six PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for one comparison based on information about the effectiveness and safety of endovascular coiling versus surgical clipping.
Thin film adhesion and morphology of graphene on undulated electronic substrates

XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . XIII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Introduction of adhesion . 1 1.1.1 Definition of adhesion . 1 1.1.2 Adhesion mechanisms . 3 1.1.3 Adhesion effects . 5 1.2 Review of solid adhesion . 8 1.2. 1 Hertz contact theory . 8 1.2. 2 JKR theory. 10 1.2. 3 DMT theory . 12 1.2. 4 Dugdale-Barenblatt-Maugis model . 13 1.2. 5 Adhesion map for solids contact . 15 1.2. 6 Other adhesion models . 16 1.3 Review of thin film adhesion . 18 1.3. 1 Peel test . 19 1.3. 2 Blister test . 20 1.3. 3 Punch test . 23 1.4 Graphene and its adhesion property . 24 1.5 Research objectives . 28 1.6 Organization of the thesis . 29
Analysis of Vesicular Porosity in Soils using High Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography

Vesicular horizons are common at the surface of arid and semiarid soils and play a critical role in regulating infiltration. Most methods for examining pore morphology in the vesicular horizon involve physical sectioning of the sample and individual measurement of pores, which is time-consuming and provides an incomplete view of the pores. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop methods for the classification and characterization of pores in the vesicular horizon using high resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) and (ii) use these methods to examine the distribution of pores within vesicular peds. Three intact peds were scanned by HRXCT and examined using Blob3D software. A subset of pores from the first scan were observed and used to develop a classification tree model based on quantitative parameters of pore shape. Five major pore classes were found: equant vesicles, non-equant vesicles, individual vughs, connected vughs, and planar voids. All pore types decreased in size with increasing depth in the samples; however, the trend in quantity of pores with depth varied between pore types. In the ped with the least vesicular porosity, there was an increase in size and decrease in number of all pore types between the ped interior and exterior, a pattern which was reduced in the peds that were more dominantly vesicular. The application of HRXCT in this study shows how pore shape and size can be quantified within the vesicular horizon and reveals considerable variation of these characteristics within and between peds.
Positive Expression of SMYD2 is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: SET and MYND domain-containing protein2 (SMYD2), a histone lysine methyltransferases, is a candidate human oncogene in multiple tumors. However, the expression dynamics of SMYD2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical/prognostic significance are unclear. Methods: The SMYD2 expression profile was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HCC tissues and matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues. SMYD2 was silenced in HCC cell lines to determine its role in tumor proliferation and cell cycle progression, and the possible mechanism. Spearman's rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the data. Results: The SMYD2 expression in HCC tissues were significantly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels as compared with the matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues. By IHC, positive expression of SMYD2 was examined in 122/163 (74.85%) of HCC and in 10/59 (16.95%) of tumor-adjacent tissues. Positive expression of SMYD2 was correlated with tumor size, vascular invasion, differentiation and TNM stage (P < 0.05). In univariate survival analysis, a significant association between positive expression of SMYD2 and shortened patients' survival was found (P < 0.05). Importantly, SMYD2 expression together with vascular invasion (P < 0.05) provided significant independent prognostic parameters in multivariate analysis. Functionally, SMYD2 silenced markedly inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in SMMC-7721 cell. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidences that positive expression of SMYD2 in HCC may be important in the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype, and it is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with HCC.
Analogic CNN algorithm for estimating position and size of moving objects

An analogic CNN algorithm is proposed for detection of multiple moving objects in high resolution, grey‐scale images taken from a fixed camera. The algorithm, based on simple 3 × 3 templates, can be implemented using CNN hardware, providing the real‐time operation required in surveillance and traffic control applications. Efficient separation of moving objects from the background is obtained through automatic threshold selection. The performance of the proposed method is shown using real‐life indoor and outdoor video sequences. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of social jetlag and sleep disruption in healthy young adults

ABSTRACT Sleep disruption has been associated with increased risks for several major chronic diseases that develop over decades. Differences in sleep/wake timing between work and free days can result in the development of social jetlag (SJL), a chronic misalignment between a person’s preferred sleep/wake schedule and sleep/wake timing imposed by his/her work schedule. Only a few studies have examined the persistence of SJL or sleep disruption over time. This prospective investigation examined SJL and sleep characteristics over a 2-year period to evaluate whether SJL or poor sleep were chronic conditions during the study period. SJL and sleep measures (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], wake after sleep onset [WASO]), and sleep efficiency [SE]), were derived from armband monitoring among 390 healthy men and women 21–35 years old. Participants wore the armband for periods of 4–10 days at 6-month intervals during the follow-up period (N = 1431 repeated observations). The consistency of SJL or sleep disruption over time was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) for repeated measures. Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) was then used to identify subgroups among the study participants with different sleep trajectories over time. Individuals in each latent group were compared using GLMMs to identify personal characteristics that differed among the latent groups. Minor changes in mean SJL, chronotype, or TST were observed over time, whereas no statistically significant changes in SOL, WASO, or SE were observed during the study period. The RMLCA identified two groups of SJL that remained consistent throughout the study (low SJL, mean ± SE: 0.4 ± 0.04 h, 42% of the study population; and high SJL, 1.4 ± 0.03 h, 58%). Those in the SJL group with higher values tended to be employed and have an evening chronotype. Similarly, two distinct subgroups were observed for SOL, WASO, and SE; one group with a pattern suggesting disrupted sleep over time, and another with a consistently normal sleep pattern. Analyses of TST identified three latent groups with relatively short (5.6 ± 1.0 h, 21%), intermediate (6.5 ± 1.0 h, 44%), and long (7.3 ± 1.0 h, 36%) sleep durations, all with temporally stable, linear trajectories. The results from this study suggest that sleep disturbances among young adults can persist over a 2 year period. Latent groups with poor sleep tended to be male, African American, lower income, and have an evening chronotype relative to those with more normal sleep characteristics. Characterizing the persistence of sleep disruption over time and its contributing factors could be important for understanding the role of poor sleep as a chronic disease risk factor.
Descriptions of two new species of Hemileucinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from the region of Muzo in Colombiaevidence from morphology and DNA barcodes

Two new species of Hemileucinae are described from the region of Muzo (Boyaca department) in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Leucanella bonillensis, new species, is a small greyish species whose closest relatives are L. newmani (Lemaire) and L. acutissima (Walker). It can be distinguished from those two species by several subtle differences in wing pattern and coloration as well as a few characters of the male genitalia, which are overall very conserved within the genus. Cerodirphia zulemae, new species, belongs to the very uniform species-group of C. speciosa (Cramer), characterised by a pink ground colour and the presence of a “Y”-shaped discal mark on the forewing. Based on its male genitalia, the new species is related to C. brunnea (Draudt) and C. apunctata Dias & Lemaire. It may be distinguished from the former by its more vivid ground colour, but detailed examination of the male genitalia are necessary to differentiate it from C. apunctata. Colour pictures of the habitus of the new species and their relatives are provided, and their genital structures are figured as well, including both sexes for C. zulemae. We also provide additional support to these descriptions based on genetic data obtained in the context of a global DNA barcoding campaign recently initiated for saturniid moths. Both L. bonillensis and C. zulemae are unambiguously distinguished from closest relatives based on genetic distances (no intraspecific distances in either case; interspecific distance ranges 5.6–6.6% and 6.7–12.5%, respectively) and inference of phylogenetic hypotheses based on partial sequences of the COI mitochondrial gene. These results emphasize the potential of DNA barcoding to support taxonomic work in species-groups considered difficult to address through morphology.
Automatic Text Localisation in Scanned Comic Books

Comic books constitute an important cultural heritage asset in many countries. Digitization combined with subsequent document understanding enable direct content-based search as opposed to metadata only search (e.g. album title or author name). Few studies have been done in this direction. In this work we detail a novel approach for the automatic text localization in scanned comics book pages, an essential step towards a fully automatic comics book understanding. We focus on speech text as it is semantically important and represents the majority of the text present in comics. The approach is compared with existing methods of text localization found in the literature and results are presented.
Formation Of Volatile And Non-Volatile Compounds In Cheese

Flavour development in cheese is a complex process in which major catabolic pathways involved. Initially, the curds of different cheese varieties have almost the same flavours, however the curd produce flavour compounds which lead to discrimination among cheese verities in terms of flavour throughout ripening. The major biochemical pathways involved throughout ripening of cheese are the followings; liberation of FFA (free fatty acid), associated catabolic reactions, the degradation of the casein matrix to peptides and FAA (free amino acids), the reactions for catabolism of FAA and the metabolism of lactate and citrate. In this review, the general pathway for formation of volatile and non-volatile flavour compounds are stated and detailed knowledge as to products of amino acid catabolism, proteolysis, lipolysis, lactate and citrate metabolism well discussed.
A fuzzy rule-based expert system for diagnosing cystic fibrosis

Background Finding a valid diagnosis is mostly a prolonged process. Current advances in the sector of artificial intelligence have led to the appearance of expert systems that enrich the experiences and capabilities of doctors for making decisions for their patients. Objective The objective of this research was developing a fuzzy expert system for diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Methods Defining the risk factors and then, designing the fuzzy expert system for diagnosis of CF were carried out in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a dataset that corresponded to 70 patients with respiratory disease who were serially admitted to the CF Clinic in the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Center, Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran during August 2016 to January 2017 was considered. Whole procedures of system construction were implemented in a MATLAB environment. Results Results showed that the suggested system can be used as a strong diagnostic tool with 93.02% precision, 89.29% specificity, 95.24% sensitivity and 92.86% accuracy for diagnosing CF. There was also a good relationship between the user and the system through the appealing user interface. Conclusion The system is equipped with information, knowledge, and expertise from certified specialists; hence, as a training tool it can be useful for new physicians. It is worth mentioning that the accomplishment of this project depends on advocacy of decision making in CF diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is expected that the system will reduce the number of false positives and false negatives in unusual cases.
Investigation of Marine-Derived Fungal Diversity and Their Exploitable Biological Activities

Marine fungi are potential producers of bioactive compounds that may have pharmacological and medicinal applications. Fungi were cultured from marine brown algae and identified using multiple target genes to confirm phylogenetic placement. These target genes included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear large subunit (LSU), and the β-tubulin region. Various biological activities of marine-derived fungi were evaluated, including their antifungal, antioxidant and cellulolytic enzyme activities. As a result, a total of 50 fungi was isolated from the brown algae Sargassum sp. Among the 50 isolated fungi, Corollospora angusta was the dominant species in this study. The genus Arthrinium showed a relatively strong antifungal activity to all of the target plant pathogenic fungi. In particular, Arthrinium saccharicola KUC21221 showed high radical scavenging activity and the highest activities in terms of filter paper units (0.39 U/mL), endoglucanase activity (0.38 U/mL), and β-glucosidase activity (1.04 U/mL).
Evolutionary dynamics of the leaf phenological cycle in an oak metapopulation along an elevation gradient

It has been predicted that environmental changes will radically alter the selective pressures on phenological traits. Long‐lived species, such as trees, will be particularly affected, as they may need to undergo major adaptive change over only one or a few generations. The traits describing the annual life cycle of trees are generally highly evolvable, but nothing is known about the strength of their genetic correlations. Tight correlations can impose strong evolutionary constraints, potentially hampering the adaptation of multivariate phenological phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary, genetic and environmental components of the timing of leaf unfolding and senescence within an oak metapopulation along an elevation gradient. Population divergence, estimated from in situ and common‐garden data, was compared to expectations under neutral evolution, based on microsatellite markers. This approach made it possible (1) to evaluate the influence of genetic correlation on multivariate local adaptation to elevation and (2) to identify traits probably exposed to past selective pressures due to the colder climate at high elevation. The genetic correlation was positive but very weak, indicating that genetic constraints did not shape the local adaptation pattern for leaf phenology. Both spring and fall (leaf unfolding and senescence, respectively) phenology timings were involved in local adaptation, but leaf unfolding was probably the trait most exposed to climate change‐induced selection. Our data indicated that genetic variation makes a much smaller contribution to adaptation than the considerable plastic variation displayed by a tree during its lifetime. The evolutionary potential of leaf phenology is, therefore, probably not the most critical aspect for short‐term population survival in a changing climate.