Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
National Trend and Characteristics of Acute Hepatitis C among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Matched Case-Control Study—Taiwan, 2001–2014

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been increasingly recognized among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide. We investigated the trend of and factors associated with acute hepatitis C (AHC) among HIV-infected individuals in Taiwan. Methods The National Disease Surveillance System collects characteristics of AHC, HIV, syphilis, and gonorrhea cases through mandatory reports and patient interviews. Reported AHC patients in 2014 were interviewed additionally on sexual and parenteral exposures. Information on HCV genotypes were collected from the largest medical center serving HIV-infected Taiwanese. We defined an HIV/AHC case as a documented negative HCV antibody test result followed within 12 months by a positive test in a previously reported HIV-infected individual. Each case was matched to two HIV-infected, non-AHC controls for age, age of HIV diagnosis, sex, transmission route, HIV diagnosis date, and county/city. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify associated characteristics. Results During 2001–2014, 93 of 6,624 AHC reports were HIV/AHC cases; the annual case count increased from one in 2009 to 34 in 2014. All were males (81 [87%] MSM) aged 21–49 years with AHC diagnosed 2–5,923 days after HIV diagnoses. Sixty-eight (73%) lived in the Taipei metropolitan area. Detected HCV genotypes were 2a (n = 6), 1b (n = 5), 1b + 2a (n = 1) and 2b (n = 1). Among 28 HIV/AHC patients interviewed in 2014, 13 (46%) reported engaging in unprotected sex ≤3 months before AHC diagnosis. Seventy-nine HIV/AHC cases were matched to 158 controls. HIV/AHC was associated with recent syphilis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–28.6) and last syphilis >6 months (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–6.9). Conclusions HIV/AHC cases continued to increase particularly among sexually active HIV-infected MSM with a syphilis diagnosis in northern Taiwan. We recommend surveillance of associated behavioral and virologic characteristics and HCV counseling and testing for HIV-infected men in Taiwan.
The Family in Navarre (Spain) Today

This article examines the development of household structures in the province of Navarre (Spain) between 1910 and 2001. The data show that the traditional coexistence of two family systems (stem and nuclear families) had already become diffuse by 1950 as a result of the spread of neolocal family structures. However, study of household structures within the perspective of the life cycle shows that different family structure models have persisted within the region. The households of elderly people follow two patterns, reflecting the continued existence of different interpretations as to how their care should be organized.
PRESSURE AND GUILT: WAR EXPERIENCES OF A YOUNG GERMAN SOLDIER AND THEIR BIOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS (PART 1)

The psychoanalysts Alexander and Margarete Mitscherlich claimed in their widely discussed article (1977) that Germans would be incapable of mourning about and repenting of the disaster of the Second World War, the millions of deaths and suffering of the victims of Nazi terror. They argued that Germans would repress or deny what had happened to avoid suffering from severe depression. The Mitscherlich thesis is criticised in this study by displaying the wide landscape of deep personal involvement (called a `trajectory') in various autobiographical differentations of living within a world of total collective moral deterioration. The research necessary to prove or disprove such a thesis works with `autobiographical narrative interviews' conceived by the author. The research style of meticulous structural descriptions is developed to utilise formal text indicators for localising such phenomena like fading out, delayed recollection, and compartmentalised phases of working-through. Typical for this method, its data arise from interviewing single cases, here that of an ideologically non-committed German. As a young German soldier in the Second World War, he too showed phases of incapacity to mourn and repent. But the informant did not remain in that state. Severe crisis experiences in his later private life led to sudden recollections of encounters with victims of Nazi terror. He started to mourn and repent. Besides empirical evidence of the feeling of personal entanglement in collective guilt also among those not engaged in intentional acts of immoral behaviour, we encounter the interesting phenomenon of delayed mourning about and repenting of the moral deterioration within the collectivity of `We, the Germans'. This finding is corroborated by data from many narrative interviews with other Germans who were non-committed to Nazi ideology but active in the German war machinery.
Effect of interstitial fluid on a granular flowing layer

A dominant aspect of granular flows is flow in thin surface layers. While an understanding of the dynamics of dry granular surface flow has begun to emerge, the case of flow when air is completely replaced by a liquid is largely unexplored. Experiments were performed using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating tumbler to measure the velocity field within the flowing layer of monodisperse spherical particles fully submerged in liquids, a granular slurry, for a range of Froude numbers, bead sizes, fluid densities and fluid viscosities. The thickness of the flowing layer and the angle of repose with a liquid interstitial fluid are generally larger than for the dry system under similar conditions, although the shear rate is generally smaller. The experimental measurements of shear rate match the theoretical predictions (dependent on the particle size, dynamic angle of repose, and static angle of repose) independent of the interstitial fluid. Furthermore, the velocity profiles for larger beads collapse independent of the interstitial fluid, while for smaller beads these profiles collapse on two distinct curves when using a scaling based on mass balance. However, a normalization based on the velocity of beads at the surface causes a collapse to a nearly linear velocity profile except where the velocity approaches zero logarithmically near the fixed bed, regardless of interstitial fluid. Likewise, the scaled number density profiles collapse, regardless of the interstitial fluid. The similarity in the flows of dry granular materials and granular materials submerged in liquids indicates that the physics of the flow is not strongly altered by the interstitial fluid.
Body Image in Chronic Illness—A Reconceptualization

Objective: Was to construct a classification system of the body image specifically relevant to patient experience of chronic physical disorder. Method: To review both previous writings on body image and also data on psychosocial factors relevant to a variety of chronic illnesses. From this were derived four component parts of body image: comfort, competence, appearance and predictability. These are discussed in general and disease-specific terms. Results: Using this format, a classification system is offered. This is intended to be simple enough for routine clinical use and yet to offer some insight into body experience. An example is given. Conclusion: Separating out the aspects of body image relevant to physical illness provides a clinically useful classification system. Further work is needed to determine its applicability as a research tool.
Multiscale Habitat Selection by Burrowing Owls in Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies

Abstract Some populations of western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) have declined in recent decades. To design and implement effective recovery efforts, we need a better understanding of how distribution and demographic traits are influenced by habitat quality. To this end, we measured spatial patterns of burrowing owl breeding habitat selection within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in northeastern Wyoming, USA. We compared burrow-, site-, colony-, and landscape-scale habitat parameters between burrowing owl nest burrows (n = 105) and unoccupied burrows (n = 85). We sampled 4 types of prairie dog colonies: 1) owl-occupied, active with prairie dogs (n = 16); 2) owl-occupied, inactive (n = 13); 3) owl-unoccupied, active (n = 14); and 4) owl-unoccupied, inactive (n = 14). We used an information-theoretic approach to examine a set of candidate models of burrowing owl nest-site selection. The model with the most support included variables at all 4 spatial scales, and results were consistent among the 4 types of prairie dog colonies. Nest burrows had longer tunnels, more available burrows within 30 m, and less shrub cover within 30 m, more prairie dog activity within 100 m, and were closer to water than unoccupied burrows. The model correctly classified 76% of cases, all model coefficients were stable, and the model had high predictive ability. Based on our results, we recommend actions to ensure persistence of the remaining prairie dog colonies as an important management strategy for burrowing owl conservation in the Great Plains of North America.
Automatic Student Plagiarism Detection: Future Perspectives

The availability and use of computers in teaching has seen an increase in the rate of plagiarism among students because of the wide availability of electronic texts online. While computer tools that have appeared in recent years are capable of detecting simple forms of plagiarism, such as copy-paste, a number of recent research studies devoted to evaluation and comparison of plagiarism detection tools revealed that these contain limitations in detecting complex forms of plagiarism such as extensive paraphrasing and use of technical tricks, such as replacing original characters with similar-looking characters from foreign alphabets. This article investigates limitations in automatic detection of student plagiarism and proposes ways on how these issues could be tackled in future systems by applying various natural language processing and information retrieval technologies. A classification of types of plagiarism is presented, and an analysis is provided of the most promising technologies that have the potential of dealing with the limitations of current state-of-the-art systems. Furthermore, the article concludes with a discussion on legal and ethical issues related to the use of plagiarism detection software. The article, hence, provides a “roadmap” for developing the next generation of plagiarism detection systems.
Team Emotional Intelligence and Performance

Despite increasing attention to emotional intelligence (EI) in the workplace, few studies have investigated EI at the group level. In this study, we propose that average member EI indirectly affects team performance by shaping emergent team dynamics. The results based on 91 teams show that both average member EI and leader EI are positively associated with intrateam trust, which in turn positively relates to team performance. Average member EI and leader EI have a compensatory relationship in predicting team performance. Either high average member EI or high leader EI (not necessarily both) is sufficient to explain a high level of team performance. This pattern is particularly strong with the emotion appraisal and social skills dimensions of EI. Our study highlights the need for increased attention to EI at the group level, which shapes emergent states and outcomes of work teams.
Bioinspiring Chondrosia reniformis (Nardo, 1847) Collagen-Based Hydrogel: A New Extraction Method to Obtain a Sticky and Self-Healing Collagenous Material

Collagen is a natural and abundant polymer that serves multiple functions in both invertebrates and vertebrates. As collagen is the natural scaffolding for cells, collagen-based hydrogels are regarded as ideal materials for tissue engineering applications since they can mimic the natural cellular microenvironment. Chondrosia reniformis is a marine demosponge particularly rich in collagen, characterized by the presence of labile interfibrillar crosslinks similarly to those described in the mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs) of echinoderms. As a result single fibrils can be isolated using calcium-chelating and disulphide-reducing chemicals. In the present work we firstly describe a new extraction method that directly produces a highly hydrated hydrogel with interesting self-healing properties. The materials obtained were then biochemically and rheologically characterized. Our investigation has shown that the developed extraction procedure is able to extract collagen as well as other proteins and Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)-like molecules that give the collagenous hydrogel interesting and new rheological properties when compared to other described collagenous materials. The present work motivates further in-depth investigations towards the development of a new class of injectable collagenous hydrogels with tailored specifications.
21st century learning and information literacy

T he faces of immigrant children who had come through Ellis Island with their parents in search of better futures stare out at me from a set of black and white photographs near my desk. The children, frozen in time, are lined up for blocks, waiting for the doors of a public library to open. Access to information was their pathway to a future of hope and promise. Many years have passed since then, but the need to guide new generations of children toward a promising future is just as much of a challenge today as it was then.
Canonical Forms of Generic Piecewise Linear Continuous Systems

This technical note reports a simple, but effective strategy to derive a single coordinate transformation of a generic n-dimensional piecewise-linear continuous vector field that puts both of its subsystems into the same observer or control canonical form. The only hypothesis required is that both subsystems are either observable or controllable. To derive the result, the structure of the system is used in order to prove that it suffices to consider the same transformation for both subsystems. The theoretical results are illustrated by means of the Colpitts oscillator as a practical case of study.
Efficient estimation of closely spaced sinusoidal frequencies using subspace-based methods

Both experience and analysis show that the widely used subspace methods, such as MUSIC and ESPRIT, perform poorly when applied to estimate closely spaced sinusoidal frequencies. This severely limits the resolution of subspace methods for frequency estimation. In this letter, we present a simple interleaving technique that significantly improves the performance of subspace based methods in the case of closely spaced frequencies. Simulation results show that the improved performance is comparable to the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
Malaria rapid diagnostic test in children: The Zamfara, Nigeria experience

Background: Malaria remains a major cause of under-five morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, and prompt diagnosis occupies a strategic position in its management. Malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), a nontechnical, easy to perform test promises to meet this need. It is important to locally document the usefulness of the use of RDT in making prompt malaria diagnosis in children. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malaria and evaluate the diagnostic performance of malaria RDT kit in febrile under-five children presenting to a Tertiary Health Facility in Gusau, North-Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 6-59 months, evaluated for malaria in a tertiary health facility from August 2012 to January 2013. Information was obtained from care providers of all subjects with fever and a presumptive diagnosis of malaria. All subjects were investigated using Giemsa stain microscopy and Carestart™ malaria RDT. Results: The prevalence of malaria in 250 febrile under-five children was 54%. Three-quarter (79%) of the children received inappropriate nonrecommended antimalaria prior to their presentation, including 20% who received chloroquine. The overall sensitivity of RDT was 40.3%. The specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 89.6%, 81.8%, and 56.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Use of RDT should be encouraged for screening and diagnosis using a protocol such that febrile children with positive RDT results are confirmed as having malaria while those with negative results are further evaluated using microscopy.
Impact of intracoronary radiation on in‐stent restenosis involving ostial lesions

The aim of this study was to compare 6‐month clinical outcomes of patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR) involving the ostium treated with intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) compared to placebo therapy, and also to nonostial lesions treated with IRT. Coronary interventions in ostial lesions have a high rate of recurrence of restenosis. The impact of IRT on ostial ISR has been inadequately characterized. We assessed patients enrolled in gamma (192‐iridium) and beta (90‐yttrium, 32‐phosphorus) radiation trials for ISR at the Washington Hospital Center. Of patients receiving IRT, 105 (8%) patients had ostial ISR and 1,289 (92%) patients had nonostial ISR. Twenty‐seven patients had ostial ISR and received placebo therapy. Baseline demographic and angiographic and procedural details were similar, except ostial IRT patients had a trend toward shorter lesions (15.4 ± 10.8 vs. 24.1 ± 12.2 mm; P < 0.001) and had a higher rate of saphenous vein graft disease (46% vs. 19%; P < 0.001) compared to nonostial IRT patients. At 6 months, ostial lesions treated with IRT for ISR had a reduced rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR) compared to ostial lesions treated with placebo (15% vs. 43%; P = 0.004). Outcomes at 6 months were similar for the ostial and nonostial IRT groups including TLR (15% vs. 14%; P = 0.80) and composite major adverse cardiac events (18% vs. 15%; P = 0.46). Intracoronary radiation therapy is effective for ostial in‐stent restenotic lesions and should be comfortably used for this challenging anatomic location. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;58:175–180. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boldness Explains a Key Difference Between Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder

Although antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) has represented the current operationalization of psychopathy since DSM‑III, it has long been recognized as failing to capture the full range of the construct. The current study examined the degree to which Boldness, a trait domain within the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy that captures fearlessness, dominance and low stress reactivity, represents a distinct difference between psychopathy and ASPD. Utilizing a sample of 152 male prison inmates, the current study examined the extent to which Boldness, relative to Meanness and Disinhibition (indexed by the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]), accounted for incremental variance beyond ASPD symptom counts (indexed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‑IV Axis II Disorders ASPD module) in predicting psychopathy (as indexed by Psychopathy Checklist-Revised [PCL‑R] total, factor and facets scores). TriPM Boldness added to the incremental prediction of PCL‑R Factor 1 (Interpersonal/Affective) and Facet 1 (Interpersonal) scores above and beyond ASPD scores.
Correlation Between Hospitalization for Pharmaceutical Ingestion and Attention Deficit Disorder in Children Aged 5 to 9 Years Old

To determine if attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a risk factor for pharmaceutical ingestions leading to hospital admission in children between ages 5 and 9, a retrospective, case-controlled chart review was conducted at a children's hospital. Cases were children aged 5 to 9 admitted for oral ingestion of pharmaceuticals. Controls were children admitted during the same time period with abdominal pain, appendicitis, or gastroenteritis. Controls were matched to cases 3:1 by age and gender. An odds ratio was calculated to determine if attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a statistically significant risk factor for hospitalization after pharmaceutical ingestion. A total of 36% of 31 identified cases had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with 7% of controls. The odds ratio for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children hospitalized after pharmaceutical ingestion was 7.97 (95% confidence interval, 2.35-28.01; P < .01). Children hospitalized for pharmaceutical ingestion are nearly 8 times more likely to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder than children hospitalized for an unrelated disorder.
Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study

Objectives: It has been suggested in some studies that head injury is a risk factor for AD, and that this risk is heightened among carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele. We examined the effects of head injury and APOE genotype on AD risk in a large family study. Subjects: A total of 2,233 probands who met criteria for probable or definite AD and their 14,668 first-degree family members (4,465 parents, 7,694 siblings, and 2,509 spouses) were ascertained at 13 centers in the United States, Canada, and Germany participating in the MIRAGE (Multi-Institutional Research in Alzheimer Genetic Epidemiology) project. Information on head injury was collected by interview of multiple informants and review of medical records. Nondemented relatives and spouses served as control subjects for this study. Methods: Odds of AD for head trauma with or without loss of consciousness were computed by comparing probands with unaffected spouses using conditional logistic regression analysis. To account for the unique biologic relationship between probands and their parents and siblings, odds of AD were computed using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson regression approach. GEE logistic regression was used to examine the joint effects of APOE genotype and head injury on the odds of AD in probands and a control group comprised of unaffected siblings and spouses. Results: Comparison of probands with their unaffected spouses yielded odds ratios for AD of 9.9 (95% CI, 6.5 to 15.1) for head injury with loss of consciousness and 3.1 (2.3 to 4.0) for head injury without loss of consciousness. The corresponding odds derived from the comparison of probands with their parents and sibs were 4.0 (2.9 to 5.5) for head injury with loss of consciousness and 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7) for head injury without loss of consciousness. Head injury without loss of consciousness did not significantly increase the risk of AD in spouses (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.4 to 4.1). The joint effects of head injury and APOE genotype were evaluated in a subsample of 942 probands and 327 controls (spouses and siblings). Head injury increased the odds of AD to a greater extent among those lacking ε4 (OR = 3.3) than among ε4 heterozygotes (OR = 1.8) or homozygotes (OR = 1.3). Conclusion: Head injury is a risk factor for AD. The magnitude of the risk is proportional to severity and heightened among first-degree relatives of AD patients. The influence of head injury on the risk of AD appears to be greater among persons lacking APOE-ε4 compared with those having one or two ε4 alleles, suggesting that these risk factors may have a common biologic underpinning.