Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading by Children with Low Vision

This study of the reading of text found that despite their lower reading speed on a reading-comprehension task, the children with low vision comprehended texts at least as well as did the sighted children. Children with low vision need more time to read and comprehend a text, but they seem to use this time with enough efficiency to process the semantic, as well as the syntactic, information.
Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women in Kenya

This study examines the prevalence and determinants of physical, sexual, and life threatening partner violence experienced by married women, using the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data. We found that 40 percent of respondents have ever been abused by their husbands. Physical abuse was the most common form of abuse (36%) followed by sexual (13%) and life threatening (6%) abuses. Logistic regression results show significant effects of gender-power factors on each of the three dimensions of abuse. However, ethnicity is the most significant variable, suggesting that cultural norms play a major role in gender relations and wife abuse in Kenya.
Scalable Real-Time Electric Vehicles Charging With Discrete Charging Rates

Large penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) can have a negative impact on the power grid, e.g., increased peak load and losses, that can be largely mitigated using coordinated charging strategies. In addition to shifting the charging process to the night valley when the electricity price is lower, this paper explicitly considers the EV owner convenience that can be mainly characterized by a desired state of charge at the departure time. To this end, the EV charging procedure is defined as an uninterruptible process that happens at a given discrete charging rate and the coordinated charging is formulated as a scheduling problem. The scalable real-time greedy (S-RTG) algorithm is proposed to schedule a large population of EVs in a decentralized fashion, explicitly considering the EV owner criteria. Unlike the majority of existing approaches, the S-RTG algorithm does not rely on iterative procedures and does not require heavy computations, broadcast messages, or extensive bi-directional communications. Instead, the proposed algorithm schedules one EV at a time with simple computations, only once (i.e., at the time the EV connects to the grid), and only requires low-speed communication capability making it suitable for real-time implementation. Numerical simulations with significant EVs penetration and comparative analysis with scheduling policies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A position of influence: Variation in offender identification rates by location in a lineup

Researchers have identified several threats to the validity of the use of the lineup as a test of true recognition. One concern is related to the structure of the simultaneous lineup. It is argued here that a simultaneous presentation of an array nonetheless requires the viewer to undertake sequential processing of the items in the array. This sequential pattern is unlikely to be random and therefore the position of a culprit in a lineup may have a significant effect on the accuracy of witness selection. A simulated crime (snatching of a handbag) was shown to a convenience sample of 84 undergraduates aged between 18–23 years. In 84 subsequent live lineups, the offender was placed with four foils. He was positioned on the far left (position 1) in 42 cases (50%), and in 14 cases respectively in positions 3 (centre), 4 (centre right) and 5 (extreme right). A very strong association was found between position and correct identification with position 1 placement leading to a significantly lower proportion of correct identification (7.1%) compared to position 3 (50.0%), position 4 (64.3%), and position 5 (21.4%). Steps to remedy possible positional biases are considered.
Dancing with Down syndrome: a phenomenological case study

Dance for individuals with Down syndrome has many benefits; however, there is little research on this topic. Down syndrome is the most common genetic condition, resulting in psychological, physical, and social impairments. There is research to suggest that dance may be a beneficial activity for people with Down syndrome; however, there is little research to substantiate the effects of participating in a community dance class. The present study utilized the theoretical orientation of phenomenology to explore the lived experience of a 21-year-old male with Down syndrome as he participated in a community dance class through his perspective, as well as that of his parents and dance instructor. The dance program was inclusive for children and young adults with special needs. Data collection included background questionnaires, interviews, observation of the dance class, member checks, and field notes. Analysis of the data revealed four salient themes although only the theme of Luke at Dance will be discussed. Overall, all participants agreed that the experience had social, physical, and psychological benefits. Specifically, the dance class provided Luke with the opportunity to expand his social circle, engage him cognitively, and become physically active.
Wikileaks and The News of the World

Labels are important when organizations seek membership in an existing category, as are the agreed upon labeling practices of audiences that are already members of that category. The origins of labeling theory emerge from sociological examinations of deviant behavior and of deviant individuals. We return to this earlier emphasis and extend the analysis to organizations to demonstrate the contribution of a more politicized conception of labeling and categorizing for organization studies’ literature. In drawing upon two empirical illustrations, that of Wikileaks and News Corp’s The News of the World, we apply a “circuits of power” framework to analyze the politics of labeling. We suggest that a more politicized conception than offered in current literature highlights the moral reasoning, disciplining, and symbolic violence that may be invoked by labels and labeling practices and also the circuits of power by which they may be maintained and disrupted.
Assessment of nickel release from various dental appliances used routinely in pediatric dentistry

Context: The use of nickel-containing alloys in dentistry has been questioned because of the biological liabilities of nickel and the release of nickel ions from dental appliances into the oral cavity. The potential health hazards of nickel and chromium and their compounds have been the focus of attention for more than 100 years. It has established that these metals could cause hypersensitivity. Aims: To assess the nickel release from various dental appliances used in pediatric dentistry. Settings and Design: It is a in vitro study. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken to analyze in vitro biodegradation of space maintainers and stainless steel crowns made out of stainless steel materials from different manufacturers. The leaching effect simulating the use of clinical practice was studied by keeping the respective number of Stainless Steel Crowns and space maintainers in the artificial saliva incubating at 37°C and analyzing for nickel release after 1,7,14,21 and 28 days using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically analyzed by using One way ANOVA and repeated measures of ANOVA was applied at different time intervals i.e. 1,7,14,21,28 days. The critical value for statistical significance was set at P = 0.05. Results: Results showed that there was measurable release of nickel which reached maximum level at the end of 7 days which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The release of nickel and chromium very much below when compared with the average dietary intake of nickel (200-300 ppm/day) which were not capable of causing any toxic effects.
Do cognitive complaints either predict future cognitive decline or reflect past cognitive decline? A longitudinal study of an elderly community sample

Data from a two-wave longitudinal study of an elderly community sample were used to assess whether cognitive complaints either predict subsequent cognitive decline or reflect past cognitive decline. Cognitive complaints and cognitive functioning were assessed on two occasions three and a half years apart. Cognitive complaints at Wave 1 were found not to predict future cognitive change on the Mini-Mental State Examination, an episodic memory test or a test of mental speed. Similarly, cognitive complaints at Wave 2 were unrelated to past cognitive changes on these tests after statistically controlling for the effects of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, cognitive complaints did not predict either mortality (after controlling for anxiety and depression) or future dementia. These results are evidence against the inclusion of cognitive complaints in diagnostic criteria for proposed disorders such as age-associated memory impairment, mild cognitive disorder and ageing-associated cognitive decline.
Ligand- and pH-induced conformational changes of RNA domain helix 69 revealed by 2-aminopurine fluorescence.

Helix 69 (H69) of 23S ribosomal RNA serves as a unique model system for studying the impact of modified bases on RNA structure and function, and for screening potential antibiotics. H69 is located at the functionally important core domain of the bacterial ribosome, participates in key intersubunit bridge B2a interactions, and plays important roles in translation. [1] This helix exists in multiple conformational states,[1] and interacts with a number of translation factors[2] at different stages of protein synthesis. Chemical probing analyses revealed that H69 undergoes structural rearrangements upon ribosome association, particularly at positions A1913 and A1918, with the various conformational states being influenced by solution conditions (e.g., [Mg2+], pH, and temperature) as well as pseudouridine (Ψ) modifications. [3] Residue A1913 is proposed to be important for high-fidelity translation[2c,4] and efficient termination. [2b] Moreover, flexibility of the H69 stem region may help accommodate the twisting energy from subunit rotation. [5] Since H69 is a highly dynamic RNA domain, altering or regulating these important conformational states with small molecules could be a promising way to disrupt bacterial ribosome translation. Development of a method for easily monitoring these changes is therefore important for understanding H69 dynamics in solution, as well as discovering H69-targeting ligands.
Identification of the Cytoplasmic Regions of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor 1 Which Play Important Roles in Induction of Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells by FGF-1

ABSTRACT Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Recently, we have shown that the FGF receptor 1 (FGFR-1) is much more potent than FGFR-3 in induction of neurite outgrowth. To identify the cytoplasmic regions of FGFR-1 that are responsible for the induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, we took advantage of this difference and prepared receptor chimeras containing different regions of the FGFR-1 introduced into the FGFR-3 protein. The chimeric receptors were introduced into FGF-nonresponsive variant PC12 cells (fnr-PC12 cells), and their ability to mediate FGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth of the cells was assessed. The juxtamembrane (JM) and carboxy-terminal (COOH) regions of FGFR-1 were identified as conferring robust and moderate abilities, respectively, for induction of neurite outgrowth to FGFR-3. Analysis of FGF-stimulated activation of signal transduction revealed that the JM region of FGFR-1 conferred strong and sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins and activation of MAP kinase. The SNT/FRS2 protein was demonstrated to be one of the cellular substrates preferentially phosphorylated by chimeras containing the JM domain of FGFR-1. SNT/FRS2 links FGF signaling to the MAP kinase pathway. Thus, the ability of FGFR-1 JM domain chimeras to induce strong sustained phosphorylation of this protein would explain the ability of these chimeras to activate MAP kinase and hence neurite outgrowth. The role of the COOH region of FGFR-1 in induction of neurite outgrowth involved the tyrosine residue at amino acid position 764, a site required for phospholipase C gamma binding and activation, whereas the JM region functioned primarily through a non-phosphotyrosine-dependent mechanism. In contrast, assessment of the chimeras in the pre-B lymphoid cell line BaF3 for FGF-1-induced mitogenesis revealed that the JM region did not play a role in this cell type. These data indicate that FGFR signaling can be regulated at the level of intracellular interactions and that signaling pathways for neurite outgrowth and mitogenesis use different regions of the FGFR.
Optimal 3D single-molecule localization for superresolution microscopy with aberrations and engineered point spread functions

Photo-activation localization microscopy is a far-field superresolution imaging technique based on the localization of single molecules with subdiffraction limit precision. Known under acronyms such as PALM (photo-activated localization microscopy) or STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy), these techniques achieve superresolution by allowing only a sparse, random set of molecules to emit light at any given time and subsequently localizing each molecule with great precision. Recently, such techniques have been extended to three dimensions, opening up unprecedented possibilities to explore the structure and function of cells. Interestingly, proper engineering of the three-dimensional (3D) point spread function (PSF) through additional optics has been demonstrated to theoretically improve 3D position estimation and ultimately resolution. In this paper, an optimal 3D single-molecule localization estimator is presented in a general framework for noisy, aberrated and/or engineered PSF imaging. To find the position of each molecule, a phase-retrieval enabled maximum-likelihood estimator is implemented. This estimator is shown to be efficient, meaning it reaches the fundamental Cramer–Rao lower bound of x, y, and z localization precision. Experimental application of the phase-retrieval enabled maximum-likelihood estimator using a particular engineered PSF microscope demonstrates unmatched low-photon-count 3D wide-field single-molecule localization performance.
Word Detection in Sung and Spoken Sentences in Children With Typical Language Development or With Specific Language Impairment

Background: Previous studies have reported that children score better in language tasks using sung rather than spoken stimuli. We examined word detection ease in sung and spoken sentences that were equated for phoneme duration and pitch variations in children aged 7 to 12 years with typical language development (TLD) as well as in children with specific language impairment (SLI ), and hypothesized that the facilitation effect would vary with language abilities. Method: In Experiment 1, 69 children with TLD (7–10 years old) detected words in sentences that were spoken, sung on pitches extracted from speech, and sung on original scores. In Experiment 2, we added a natural speech rate condition and tested 68 children with TLD (7–12 years old). In Experiment 3, 16 children with SLI and 16 age-matched children with TLD were tested in all four conditions. Results: In both TLD groups, older children scored better than the younger ones. The matched TLD group scored higher than the SLI group who scored at the level of the younger children with TLD . None of the experiments showed a facilitation effect of sung over spoken stimuli. Conclusions: Word detection abilities improved with age in both TLD and SLI groups. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis of delayed language abilities in children with SLI , and are discussed in light of the role of durational prosodic cues in words detection.
Millennium man: constructing identities of male teachers in early years contexts

This article presents research undertaken with female teachers which explores their perceptions and experiences of male teachers in early years contexts. It considers male trainee teachers experiences, examining prevalent, contrary discourses and their impact on the construction of male teachers' identities. The article notes that public discourses, together with women's own discourses in relation to male teachers reveal contradictions and ambiguities. Male teachers are conscious that many conflicting identities are constructed for them, including the notion of the ‘right kind’ of man constructed for them by female teachers. This concept of a ‘millennium man’ may be difficult for men to achieve, but for those who ‘read’ the system, the pay‐offs are great. UK statistics reveal that there are 26,200 male primary teachers and 141,000 females (Department for Education and Skills website, 2005) yet the numbers of male headteachers are vastly disproportionate. The article concludes that men may invest in positions which will bring eventual gain.
Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Its Host-Adapted Variants

Salmonella enterica serotypes form a group of pathogens that differ widely in their host range within mammals and birds (Table [1][1]). Members of S. enterica seem to lie along a spectrum in terms of host range. At one end of this spectrum, S. enterica serotype Typhi is perhaps the most highly host-
The dismantling of a myth: a review of eating disorders and socioeconomic status.

OBJECTIVE A key feature of the stereotype that exists of those groups and individuals most likely to develop an eating disorder relates to socioeconomic status. The prevailing wisdom about this relationship is that there is an increased prevalence of eating disorders in high socioeconomic groups. The aim of this paper is to assess the validity of this view and to examine the ways in which this stereotype was created. METHOD Articles written between the early 1970s and the early 1990s, which include assessment of socioeconomic status, are reviewed and the evidence for and against the stereotype is examined. RESULTS It was found that existing research fails to support this stereotype for eating disorders as a whole, that the relationship between anorexia nervosa and high socioeconomic status remains to be proved, and that there is increasing evidence to suggest that the opposite relationship may apply to bulimia nervosa. DISCUSSION The powerful influence of clinical impression, sources of bias in referral procedures, methodological problems in existing research, and the failure to adequately separate anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa when referring to common predisposing factors, are discussed in relation to why the stereotype exists.
Academically Gifted Students’ Perceived Interpersonal Competence and Peer Relationships

Perceptions of the interpersonal competence and peer relationships of 1,526 gifted adolescents who had previously participated in academic gifted programs at the Center for Talent Development were examined, using an online survey. Major findings included that the gifted students had generally positive perceptions of their abilities to initiate, form, and maintain relationships with other people, including same-age nongifted peers, and demonstrated levels of interpersonal ability and peer relationships, comparable to that of grade equivalent students in the norming group. The students did not perceive their giftedness as a negative factor affecting their peer relationships but rated their academic self-concept more positively than their social self-concept. Differences were found by gender and experience with subject acceleration in school, favoring female students over male students and favoring students who were accelerated in a subject in school over students who were not. The results also suggested that gifted students whose academic strength was in the verbal area over other areas were more likely to face difficulties with peer relationships.
THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTER OF SPATIAL PERCEPTION

THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTER OF SPATIAL PERCEPTION by Douglas B. Meehan Advisor: Professor David M. Rosenthal Ordinary perceiving relies heavily on our sensing the spatial properties of objects, e.g., their shapes, sizes, and locations. Such spatial perception is central in everyday life. We safely cross a street by seeing and hearing the locations of oncoming vehicles. And we often identify objects by seeing and feeling their distinctive shapes. To understand how we perceive spatial properties, we must explain the nature of the mental states figuring in spatial perception. The experience one has when seeing a cube, e.g., differs from the experiences one has when seeing other shapes, e.g., spheres and pyramids. We must explain how such experiences differ to fully understand how we perceive differences in the spatial properties of objects. This presents a challenge often overlooked in philosophy and cognitive science. Whereas we can differentiate physical objects by their spatial properties, we cannot differentiate the experiences involved in perception in respect of their own spatial properties. Experiences are mental states, not physical objects, so they do not themselves have spatial properties; a visual
MDG-Based Verification of the Look-Aside Interface

In this paper a formal verification of the look-aside interface using MDG-based model checking technique is presented. MDGs (multiway decision graphs) are an extension of BDD-like data structures with a distinction of concrete sorts and abstract sorts. The look-aside interface is a memory-mapped interface, targeted at devices that offload certain tasks from a network processing unit. A synthesizable RTL model in Verilog has been developed from the standard specification of the look-aside interface with the design properties specified in a CTL-like specification language called LMDG. An MDG model was also built in MDG-HDL language, a Prolog-style hardware description language, from the RTL model. Finally LMDG properties were checked against the MDG-HDL model in the MDG model checker. Through our experiments, we showed a practical example of a full formal verification using MDGs
The good, the bad and the ugly: teachers’ perception of quality in fiction for adolescent readers

Abstract Recent years have seen a great development in fiction written for the adolescent market–teenage fiction. This article seeks to explore the notion of quality in teenage fiction building on earlier research by Whitehead (1977), Hall and Coles (1999), and Benton (1995a) and using findings from interviews with teachers in secondary schools in the South West of England in 2003 and 2004, the first phase in a study into perceptions of quality in teenage fiction. Questions are raised about whether English teachers have sufficient knowledge of this genre of literature to support pleasure and progress in reading for adolescents and also whether teenage fiction should be more directly addressed in the curriculum perhaps through a school canon, which may apply educational criteria to define a body of literature that begins where the child is, but allows for clear progression in reading.
A Meta-Analysis of Effect Sizes in Consumer Behavior Experiments

An investigation was undertaken to empirically document effect sizes (i.e., the strength of a relationship or the magnitude of a difference between variables) in consumer behavior experiments reported in the literature during the period 1970–1982. A total of 118 experiments and 1,036 experimental effects was analyzed. Using ω2 as a measure of effect size, the investigation's results reveal that, on average, approximately 11 percent of the variance in a response variable was explained or accounted for by a statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.05) effect. This percentage, however, differed as a function of the methodological characteristics of the experiment.