Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is self-reflection dangerous? Preventing rumination in career learning

Reflection is considered necessary and beneficial within career learning and is deemed to be a condition for successful career-identity development. Indeed, reflection is generally seen as a key competency in learning how to respond effectively to a complex and dynamic post-modern world in which individuals are increasingly exposed to risk. Paradoxically however, reflection can itself form a risk when it results in rumination. It is therefore important to identify the conditions and personal (risk) factors that make reflection a detrimental or beneficial activity and to identify elements within career-learning interventions that promote benefit. The purpose here is to increase awareness about reflective versus ruminative processes and promote responsible use of interventions that aim to stimulate reflection in the process of career-identity formation. Based on the “career writing” method, the authors conclude that a successful career intervention must especially provide good facilitation and a safe holding environment.
The psychology of life after death.

Traditionally, people's concern with an afterlife has been of interest only to philosophy and religion. The recent explosion of popular articles and books about life after death has now reached the medical and psychiatric journals, in which "scientific" reports cite evidence from survivors of clinical death and from deathbed visions of terminal patients, among other sources of data. This article critically reviews the evidence in light of ethological, anthropological, and psychological findings. The similarity of afterlife visions to drug-induced hallucinations invites a rational framework for their experimental analysis. From observations of animals burying their dead, through awareness of the seasonal rebirth of nature, to recognition of inherited characteristics, early homo sapiens developed the concept of life after death in an effort to explain these behaviors and their underlying feelings. Cross-cultural studies confirm that the experiences of dying and visiting "the other side" involve universal elements and themes that are predictable and definable. These phenomena arise from common structures in the brain and nervous system, common biological experiences, and common reactions of the central nervous system to stimulation. The resultant experience can be interpreted as evidence that people survive death, but it may be more easily understood as a dissociative hallucinatory activity of the brain. The time is 1920. Thomas Edison had always been a believer in electrical energy. He once wrote that when a person dies, a swarm of highly charged ^ energies deserts the body and goes out into space, entering another cycle of life. Always the scientist, Edison felt that some experiment demonstrating the immortal nature of these energies was necessary. In an interview in the October 1920 Scientific American he stated, I have been thinking for some time of a machine or apparatus which could be operated by personalities which have passed onto another existence or sphere. I am inclined to believe that our personality hereafter does affect matter. If we can evolve an instrument so delicate as to be affected by our personality as it survives in the next life, such an instrument ought to record something. Edison never built his machine, but on his deathVol. 35, No. 10, 911-931 bed he had a vision of the next life and remarked, "It is very beautiful over there" (quoted in Sandberg, 1977, p. 65). The time is 1973. Based on pioneering research started at the University of California, Los Angeles, Raymond Western had just completed the development of a vast electronic computer nicknamed MEDIUM. Operating on complex electromagnetic principles, MEDIUM was designed to communicate with unique electromagnetic configurations orbiting in a space-time continuum separate from that which we call reality. These unique configurations were the energies of departed human personalities. Although Western did not like the word soul, he agreed with the theologians and scientists who tried his device that communication with the dead was possible. Life after death was
Prenatal fear of childbirth and anxiety sensitivity

Objective. Fear of childbirth (FOC) or what is historically referred to as tokophobia (a phobic state where a woman avoids childbirth despite desperately wanting a baby), is known to complicate the delivery process. In this study, the relationship of Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) to FOC was examined given that AS is a risk factor for other fears. Specifically, the contribution of three AS dimensions (physical, psychological or social concerns) relative to other factors (e.g., parity of the mother, trait anxiety) in accounting for FOC was explored. Methods. Women in their final 4 months of pregnancy (n = 110) completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. Results. Most demographic variables were non-significant in predicting FOC with the exception of participants' parity. Multiple regression analysis revealed that AS-physical concerns significantly predicted elevated FOC even after controlling for parity and trait anxiety; higher levels of AS-physical concerns, higher trait anxiety, and expecting a first child all independently predicted greater FOC. Conclusion. Variance in FOC is explained, in part, by AS-physical concerns. Further, AS-physical concerns are distinct from trait anxiety in predicting FOC. Similar to other fears, the results support the possibility that AS may be a risk factor for elevated FOC.
On the role of four small hairpins in the HIV-1 RNA genome

An RNA secondary structure model for the complete HIV-1 genome has recently been published based on SHAPE technology. Several well-known RNA motifs such as TAR and RRE were confirmed and numerous new structured motifs were described that may play important roles in virus replication. The 9 kb viral RNA genome is densely packed with many RNA hairpin motifs and the collective fold may play an important role in HIV-1 biology. We initially focused on 16 RNA hairpin motifs scattered along the viral genome. We considered conservation of these structures, despite sequence variation among virus isolates, as a first indication for a significant function. Four relatively small hairpins exhibited considerable structural conservation and were selected for experimental validation in virus replication assays. Mutations were introduced into the HIV-1 RNA genome to destabilize individual RNA structures without affecting the protein-coding properties (silent codon changes). No major virus replication defects were scored, suggesting that these four hairpin structures do not play essential roles in HIV-1 replication.
Different structural states in oligonucleosomes are required for early versus late steps of base excision repair

Chromatin in eukaryotic cells is folded into higher order structures of folded nucleosome filaments, and DNA damage occurs at all levels of this structural hierarchy. However, little is known about the impact of higher order folding on DNA repair enzymes. We examined the catalytic activities of purified human base excision repair (BER) enzymes on uracil-containing oligonucleosome arrays, which are folded primarily into 30 nm structures when incubated in repair reaction buffers. The catalytic activities of uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) and apyrimidinic/apurinic endonuclease (APE) digest G:U mismatches to completion in the folded oligonucleosomes without requiring significant disruption. In contrast, DNA polymerase β (Pol β) synthesis is inhibited in a major fraction (∼80%) of the oligonucleosome array, suggesting that single strand nicks in linker DNA are far more accessible to Pol β in highly folded oligonucleosomes. Importantly, this barrier in folded oligonucleosomes is removed by purified chromatin remodeling complexes. Both ISW1 and ISW2 from yeast significantly enhance Pol β accessibility to the refractory nicked sites in oligonucleosomes. These results indicate that the initial steps of BER (UDG and APE) act efficiently on highly folded oligonucleosome arrays, and chromatin remodeling may be required for the latter steps of BER in intact chromatin.
Modelling the non-linear gravitational clustering in the expanding Universe

The gravitational clustering of collisionless particles in an expanding universe is modelled using some simple physical ideas. I show that it is indeed possible to understand the nonlinear clustering in terms of three well defined regimes: (1) linear regime (2) quasilinear regime which is dominated by scale-invariant radial infall and (3) nonlinear regime dominated by nonradial motions and mergers. Modelling each of these regimes separately I show how the nonlinear two point correlation function can be related to the linear correlation function in heirarchical models. This analysis leads to results which are in good agreement with numerical simulations thereby providing an explanation for numerical results. The ideas presented here will also serve as a powerful anlytical tool to investigate nonlinear clustering in different models. Several implications of the result are discussed.
Impact of Extensive and Intensive Margins of FDI on Corporate Domestic Performance: Evidence from Japanese automobile parts suppliers

This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic corporate performance using firm-level data on Japanese automobile parts suppliers. While previous studies used the propensity score matching method and focused mainly on the impact of the extensive margin of FDI, this study uses data on the automobile makers' FDI as an instrumental variable for suppliers' FDI and estimates the impact of both extensive and intensive margins of FDI on domestic corporate performance. Our empirical results reveal that while the impact of intensive margins of FDI has no significant impact on corporate performance, FDI in both developed and developing countries has a positive impact on sales and total factor productivity (TFP) in the case of extensive margins. Furthermore, the impact of the first flow of FDI is more profound than that of subsequent flows.
Infrared spectroscopy of faint 15 mu m sources in the Hubble Deep Field South: First hints at the properties of the sources of the IR background

We present a spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 21 galaxies with z = 0.2-1.5 drawn from a 25 square arcmin ultra-deep ISOCAM survey at lambdaeff =15 mu m centered in the WFPC-2 Hubble Deep Field South. Near-infrared spectra are reported for 18 ISO sources, carried out with ISAAC on the VLT, aimed at detecting the redshifted Halpha +[NII]. Additional optical data come from the ESO VLT/FORS2 and NTT/EMMI, primarily targeting [OII], [OIII] and Hbeta for further physical insight. Although not numerous in terms of areal density in the sky, this population of very luminous IR sources has been recently found to be responsible for a substantial fraction of the extragalactic background light energy density. Halpha line emission is detected in virtually all the observed objects down to a flux limit of 7 x 10-17 erg cm-2 s-1 (corresponding to LH_alpha > 1041 erg s-1 at z = 0.6 for H0 = 65, OmegaLambda=0.7 and Omegam = 0.3). Our analysis (including emission line, morphology, and SED properties) shows clear evidence for AGN activity in only two of these sources: one type-I (with broadened Halpha at z=1.57) and one type-II quasars (with inverted [NII]/Halpha ratio at z=1.39), while we suspect the presence of an AGN in two further sources (an Ultra-Luminous IR Galaxy, ULIRG, at z=1.27 and a luminous galaxy at z=0.69). The Halpha luminosities indicate star formation rates (SFR) in the remaining sources between 0.5 and 20 Msun/yr, assuming a Salpeter IMF between 0.1 and 100 Msun and without extinction corrections. We find good correlations between the mid-IR, the radio and Halpha luminosities, confirming the mid-IR light as a good tracer of star formation (while the SFR based on Halpha flux show some large scatter and offset, which are still to be understood). We have estimated the baryonic masses in stars with a newly-developed tool fitting the overall optical-IR continuum, and found that the host galaxies of ISO sources are massive members of groups with typically high rates of SF (SFR ~ 10 to 300 Msun/yr). We have finally compared this ongoing SF activity with the already formed stellar masses to estimate the timescales tSF for the stellar build-up, which turn-out to be widely spread in these objects between 0.1 Gyrs to more than 10 Gyr. The faint ISOCAM galaxies appear to form a composite population, including moderately active but very massive spiral-like galaxies, and very luminous ongoing starbursts, in a continuous sequence. From the observed tSF and assuming typical starburst timescales, we infer that, with few exceptions, only a fraction of the galactic stars can be formed in any single starburst event, while several of such episodes during a protracted SF history are required for the whole galactic build-up.
Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict Supporting Information Appendix

This document offers more detailed discussion of the analysis conducted for the article and presents the results of numerous statistical models that we examined but, due to space constraints, were not able to present in the article. The results of the additional analysis offer substantial support for the argument advanced in the article and the tests make clear the conditions under which the relationship between aid shocks and conflict applies. The additional analysis covers three areas: the results using alternative measures of our key independent and dependent variables, issues of estimation and endogeneity, and miscellaneous tests to probe the robustness of results. We also include a list of variables and their operational definitions at the end of this document.
Association between adherence to medications for COPD and medications for other chronic conditions in COPD patients

Background Patients with COPD often have multiple comorbidities requiring use of multiple medications, and adherence rates for maintenance COPD (mCOPD) medications are already known to be suboptimal. Presence of comorbidities in COPD patients, and use of medications used to treat those comorbidities (non-COPD medications), may have an adverse impact on adherence to mCOPD medications. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between non-adherence to mCOPD medications and non-COPD medications in COPD patients. Methods COPD patients were identified using a large administrative claims database. Selected patients were 40–89 years old and continuously enrolled for 12 months prior to and 24 months after the first identified COPD diagnosis (index date) during January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. Patients were required to have ≥1 prescription for a mCOPD medication within 365 days of the index date and ≥1 prescription for one of 12 non-COPD medication classes within ±30 days of the first COPD prescription. Adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) was measured during 365 days following the first COPD prescription. The association between non-adherence (PDC <0.8) to mCOPD and non-adherence to non-COPD medications was determined using logistic regression, controlling for baseline patient characteristics. Results A total of 14,117 patients, with a mean age of 69.9 years, met study criteria. Of these, 40.9% were males and 79.2% were non-adherent to mCOPD medications with a mean PDC of 0.47. Non-adherence to mCOPD medications was associated with non-adherence to 10 of 12 non-COPD medication classes (odds ratio 1.38–1.78, all P<0.01). Conclusion Adherence to mCOPD medications is low. Non-adherence (or adherence) to mCOPD medications is positively related to non-adherence (or adherence) to non-COPD medications, implying that the need to take medications prescribed for comorbid conditions does not adversely impact adherence to mCOPD medications.
The Processing of Isolated Negative Sentences with Uncertain States

Affirmation and negation are semantic and grammatical categories present in virtually all languages. Many different theories have been proposed to explain the processing mechanism of negation. The schema-plus-tag model and the two-step simulation hypothesis have been accepted by many researchers. However, neither of these hypotheses cannot explain the processing mechanism of isolated negative sentences with uncertain states, were still kept in affirmative sentences, the representation of “NOT X” and their alternates were kept in negated sentences, and the processing ended. In sum, the results mentioned above show that, when processing the negative sentences with an uncertain state, participants first simulated an anchor (representation of the negated state of affairs), then, searched for the final state based on the sentence. When participants cannot formulate a certain state of affairs based on the language itself and the context, then the searching process will end, and they would accept the representation of the negated state of affairs with negative marker (×+ N) and its alternatives as final representation. The results are discussed in terms of the anchor-based activation and the satisfaction constrained models.
Behavioral and Neurophysiological Effects of Transdermal Rotigotine in Atypical Parkinsonism

Effective therapies for the so-called atypical parkinsonian syndrome (APS) such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), or corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are not available. Dopamine agonists (DA) are not often used in APS because of inefficacy and in a minority of case, their side effects, like dyskinesias, impairment of extrapyramidal symptoms or the appearance of psychosis, and REM sleep behavioral disorders (RBD). Transdermal rotigotine (RTG) is a non-ergot dopamine agonist indicated for use in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease with a good tolerability and safety. Moreover, its action on a wide range of dopamine receptors, D1, D2, D3, unlike other DA, could make it a good option in APS, where a massive dopamine cell loss is documented. In this pilot, observational open-label study we evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of RTG in patients affected by APS. Thirty-two subjects with diagnosis of APS were treated with transdermal RTG. APS diagnosis was: MSA parkinsonian type (MSA-P), MSA cerebellar type (MSA-C), PSP, and CBS. Patients were evaluated by UPDRS-III, neuropsychiatric inventory, mini mental state examination at baseline, and after 6, 12, and 18 months. The titration schedule was maintained very flexible, searching the major clinical effect and the minor possible adverse events (AEs) at each visit. AEs were recorded. APS patients treated with RTG show an overall decrease of UPDRS-III scores without increasing behavioral disturbances. Only three patients were dropped out of the study. Main AEs were hypotension, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and tachycardia. The electroencephalographic recording power spectra analysis shows a decrease of theta and an increase of low alpha power. In conclusion, transdermal RTG seems to be effective and well tolerated in APS patients.
Atomic force microscopy for high resolution imaging of collagen fibrils: A new technique to investigate collagen structure in historic bone tissues

In this study, we present a new technique for the structural analysis of the collagen compound in historic tissues. We therefore used atomic force microscopy (AFM), a new high resolution technique which offers significant information on the fibrillar assembly and ultrastructure of collagen fibrils, which may provide insight into both the physiological and eventually pathogenic pattern of collagen fibrils, but also into possible diagenetic destructive changes of those fibrils. AFM figures three-dimensionally the surface of a sample with high resolution down to a nanometer scale. In our investigation we used the AFM to image paraffin embedded tissue sections from femoral bone tissue of a recent case and an age determined historic sample in ambient conditions. With this technique we were able to identify unambiguously collagen bundles and to determine their diameter. These results led us to differentiate the bundling pattern of collagen type I from that of collagen type II. In addition, we identified collagen type I in the historic sample, which provided a fibrillar pattern as that of recent bone. The results were compared to standard immunohistochemical staining techniques of the respective collagen types. In conclusion, our study presents circumstantial evidence that AFM analysis as a novel morphological technique can successfully be applied to historic tissue specimens.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FUNGSI ADAPTASI, PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN, INTEGRASI, DAN PEMELIHARAAN SISTEM DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA

AGIL (Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration, and Latency) is refers to the functions that indicate a system capability of the to sustain. In this research, a system refers to a family system. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation among research’s variables i.e., family social economic characteristics, AGIL family functions and family welfare. The research design was a cross sectional study and involved 120 samples that chosen from this research’s sampling frame. Result of research showed that there were positive significant correlation between: (i) adaptation with goal attainment, (ii) goal attainment with integration, and (iii) integration with latency. Those mean that the more adaptation being done, the more aims that the family want to achieve; then the more and the better integration and latency in functions of the family. Beside that, there were also positive significant correlation among adaptation, goal attainment and objective welfare. Those mean that the more adaptation function being done and the more aims that family want to achieve; then the higher the family objective welfare. Latency function of family had a positive correlation with subjective welfare. It means that the better latency in poor farmer families lead the higher the family subjective welfare.
Holomorphic maps and the complete 1/N expansion of 2D SU(N) Yang-Mills

We give a description of the complete 1/N expansion of SU(N) 2D Yang Mills theory in terms of the moduli space of holomorphic maps from non-singular worldsheets. This is related to the Gross-Taylor coupled 1/N expansion through a map from Brauer algebras to symmetric groups. These results point to an equality between Euler characters of moduli spaces of holomorphic maps from non-singular worldsheets with a target Riemann surface equipped with markings on the one hand and Euler characters of another moduli space involving worldsheets with double points (nodes).