Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common and Idiosyncratic Disturbances in Developed Small Open Economies

Using an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, I show that shocks to a common international stochastic trend explain on average about 10% of the variability of output in several small developed economies. These shocks explain roughly twice as much of the volatility of consumption growth as the volatility of output growth. When the model is expanded to include a common stationary productivity shock, the model attributes around 23% of the variability of output to those international common innovations. Country-specific disturbances account for the bulk of the volatility in the data. Substantial heterogeneity in the estimated parameters and stochastic processes translates into a rich array of impulse responses across countries.
Do Negative Appraisals and Avoidance of Intrusive Memories Predict Depression at Six Months

Recent cross-sectional studies have found evidence of an important role for negative appraisals and avoidance of intrusive memories in depression. However, no studies to date have examined whether such appraisals predict depression over time. The role of negative appraisals and avoidance (in the form of suppression/distraction and rumination) was explored in the prediction of depression prospectively. At Time 1, a mixed sample of community participants (N = 85) were interviewed and completed self-report measures of depression symptoms and intrusive memories. At Time 2 (6 months later, N = 64), depression symptoms were re-assessed. For the subsample of participants who did not receive treatment between the baseline and follow-up assessments, baseline levels of negative appraisals of intrusions predicted follow-up depression, even after controlling for baseline depression symptoms. Unexpectedly, avoidance failed to predict depression in the subsample who did not receive treatment. These results provide furt.
Secrecy in Middle Childhood

We investigated children’s understanding of the nature of secrets as an expression of their knowledge of the intentions of others. The sample of 200 was drawn from 5-, 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-year-old children (40 from each age group), with equal numbers of males and females, and equal numbers from Berlin and Sydney. In structured interviews we tested the children’s understanding of four kinds of secrets: guilty, innocent, dangerous, and embarrassing. Differences across age were found for some secrets (e.g. telling mother guilty and dangerous secrets) but not for others (e.g. telling mother innocent and embarrassing secrets), and for some aspects of understanding mothers’ and friends’ intentions. Some gender and cultural differences were found. Findings are interpreted in terms of children’s understanding of the intentions of others and the emergence of peer solidarity and conscious trust.
Feminist Perspectives on Dress and the Body

This interpretive analysis examines the dress-related meanings included within issues of Ms. magazine, a key feminist periodical, published between the magazine's inception in 1972 and 2002. Dress-related text is excerpted for analysis (n = 156 articles) and analyzed using constant comparison processes. Analyses reveal two overarching and somewhat disparate themes: (a) experiences of oppression through dress and (b) experiences of empowerment and self-realization through dress. Content related to the first overarching theme addresses the various ways in which women may feel oppressed by fashion discourses and narrow cultural norms of attractiveness. Content related to the second overarching theme addresses the ways in which women can feel empowered or gain pleasure through dress and body-related experiences. Findings are examined for change in meaning with the passage of time and are interpreted in the contexts of existing literature and theory as well as the broader feminist movement.
Enhanced characteristics of fused silica fibers using laser polishing

The search for gravitational wave signals from astrophysical sources has led to the current work to upgrade the two largest of the long-baseline laser interferometers, the LIGO detectors. The first fused silica mirror suspensions for the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors have been installed at the LIGO Hanford and Livingston sites. These quadruple pendulums use synthetic fused silica fibers produced using a CO2 laser pulling machine to reduce thermal noise in the final suspension stage. The suspension thermal noise in Advanced LIGO is predicted to be limited by internal damping in the surface layer of the fibers, damping in the weld regions, and the strength of the fibers. We present here a new method for increasing the fracture strength of fused silica fibers by laser polishing of the stock material from which they are produced. We also show measurements of mechanical loss in laser polished fibers, showing a reduction of 30% in internal damping in the surface layer.
Rejoinder and an Update

Three themes found across the reactions to the Major Contribution are discussed: agreement on the destructive nature of internalized heterosexism; the importance of focusing on resilience and other strengths shown by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals that enable them to be healthy in the face of oppression; and the need for further research on internalized heterosexism, including the construct itself. Recent advances in research on correlates of internalized heterosexism are also described.
Cognitive Ties That Bind: A Tripartite View Of Efficacy Beliefs In Growth-promoting Relationships

Abstract We propose study of three forms of efficacy belief that may illuminate interpersonal functioning in close (e.g., helping, training) relationships. The three forms of belief include self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) percepts. Although the role of self-efficacy beliefs in predicting or promoting individuals' behavior has received much study, the interpersonal context of efficacy beliefs has often been neglected. We contend that, within close relationships, self-efficacy (beliefs about one's own capabilities) exist in dynamic interaction with the beliefs that people hold about the efficacy of their relationship partners (other-efficacy) and about how their partners view them (RISE). This tripartite system of efficacy beliefs may have important implications for relationship formation, satisfaction, and persistence, as well as for the processes of acquiring and restoring self-efficacy, especially under distressing life conditions.
Decoupling QoS control from core routers: a novel bandwidth broker architecture for scalable support of guaranteed services

For scalable support of guaranteed services that decouples the QoS control plane from the packet forwarding plane. More specifically, under this architecture, core routers do not maintain any QoS reservation states, whether per-flow or aggregate. Instead, QoS reservation states are stored at and managed by bandwidth broker(s). There are several advantages of such a bandwidth broker architecture. Among others, it relieves core routers of QoS control functions such as admission control and QoS state management, and thus enables a network service provider to introduce new (guaranteed) services without necessarily requiring software/hardware upgrades at core routers. Furthermore, it allows us to design efficient admission control algorithms without incurring any overhead at core routers. The proposed bandwidth broker architecture is designed based on a core stateless virtual time reference system developed in [20].
Primate phylogeny: molecular evidence from retroposons

In these postgenomic times where aspects of functional genetics and character evolution form a focal point of human-mouse comparative research, primate phylogenetic research gained a widespread interest in evolutionary biology. Nevertheless, it also remains a controversial subject. Despite the surge in available primate sequences and corresponding phylogenetic interpretations, primate origins as well as several branching events in primate divergence are far from settled. The analysis of SINEs – short interspersed elements – as molecular cladistic markers represents a particularly interesting complement to sequence data. The following summarizes and discusses potential applications of this new approach in molecular phylogeny and outlines main results obtained with SINEs in the context of primate evolutionary research. Another molecular cladistic marker linking the tarsier with the anthropoid primates is also presented. This eliminates any possibility of confounding phylogenetic interpretations through lineage sorting phenomena and makes use of a new point of view in settling the phylogenetic relationships of the primate infraorders.
Effects of Feeding Rate and Water Temperature on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf 1880)

Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding rate and water temperature on growth and body composition of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli rearing at 3 different water temperatures. A total of 270 fish (each experiment) individual body weight (BW) averaging 16±0.3 g (mean±SD) were fed a commercial diet for 4 wk at 16°C, 20°C, and 24°C. At each temperature, triplicate tanks were assigned to one of 6 feeding rates: 1.5%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3.1%, 3.4%, and satiation (3.7% BW/d) at 16°C, 1.9%, 2.9%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.8% and satiation (4.1% BW/d) at 20°C and 1.7%, 2.7%, 3.0%, 3.3%, 3.6%, and satiation (3.9% BW/d) at 24°C water temperature. Weight gains of fish in satiation and 3.4% groups at 16°C, in satiation and 3.8% groups at 20°C and in satiation and 3.6% groups at 24°C were significantly higher than those of fish in the other treatments (p<0.05). A broken line regression analysis of weight gain indicated that optimum feeding rates of juvenile Korean rockfish were 3.41% at 16°C, 3.75% at 20°C and 3.34% at 24°C water temperature. Results of the present study indicate that the optimum feeding rate could be >3.1% but <3.41% at 16°C, >3.5% but <3.75% at 20°C and >3.0% but <3.34% at 24°C. As we expected results suggest that fish performed better at 20°C than 16°C or 24°C water temperature and the optimum feeding rate could be 3.1% BW/d to 3.7% BW/d in 16 g of juvenile Korean rockfish.
Contemporary Remotely Sensed Data Products Refine Invasive Plants Risk Mapping in Data Poor Regions

Invasive weeds are a serious problem worldwide, threatening biodiversity and damaging economies. Modeling potential distributions of invasive weeds can prioritize locations for monitoring and control efforts, increasing management efficiency. Forecasts of invasion risk at regional to continental scales are enabled by readily available downscaled climate surfaces together with an increasing number of digitized and georeferenced species occurrence records and species distribution modeling techniques. However, predictions at a finer scale and in landscapes with less topographic variation may require predictors that capture biotic processes and local abiotic conditions. Contemporary remote sensing (RS) data can enhance predictions by providing a range of spatial environmental data products at fine scale beyond climatic variables only. In this study, we used the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and empirical maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models to model the potential distributions of 14 invasive plant species across Southeast Asia (SEA), selected from regional and Vietnam’s lists of priority weeds. Spatial environmental variables used to map invasion risk included bioclimatic layers and recent representations of global land cover, vegetation productivity (GPP), and soil properties developed from Earth observation data. Results showed that combining climate and RS data reduced predicted areas of suitable habitat compared with models using climate or RS data only, with no loss in model accuracy. However, contributions of RS variables were relatively limited, in part due to uncertainties in the land cover data. We strongly encourage greater adoption of quantitative remotely sensed estimates of ecosystem structure and function for habitat suitability modeling. Through comprehensive maps of overall predicted area and diversity of invasive species, we found that among lifeforms (herb, shrub, and vine), shrub species have higher potential invasion risk in SEA. Native invasive species, which are often overlooked in weed risk assessment, may be as serious a problem as non-native invasive species. Awareness of invasive weeds and their environmental impacts is still nascent in SEA and information is scarce. Freely available global spatial datasets, not least those provided by Earth observation programs, and the results of studies such as this one provide critical information that enables strategic management of environmental threats such as invasive species.
Gender Effects on Emotional Labor in Seoul Metropolitan Area

Emotional labor is essential to public service at the street level. And there is evidence that it contributes to job satisfaction. But the interaction of gender with performance of emotional labor remains a conundrum, and more is known about the U.S. context than other cultures. To sort through this in a Confucian culture, we investigate how gender moderates the relationship between emotional labor, job satisfaction, and turnover intent. The study employs a multigroup structural modeling analysis using a survey of local government employees in Seoul, South Korea. Results indicate that for both women and men, authentically expressed emotion contributes to job satisfaction. But when workers must express an emotion they do not actually feel, the level of job satisfaction varies according to gender. While it is not associated with either job satisfaction or turnover intent for men, it affects both for women. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Language Diversity and Language Policy in Educational Access and Equity

T article examines the role of language policies in mediating access and equity in education. By examining a range of research and case studies on language policies, we explore how educational language policies serve as a central gatekeeper to education itself, as well as to quality education that may fundamentally depend on language ability, not only for literacy and classroom interaction but also for textbooks, materials, assessment, and other language-related aspects of education. Our analysis offers an argument for placing language policies at the center of debates about educational access and equity, as well as a broad range of sociopolitical processes that shape learners’ educational achievement. We begin with the principles of the concept of “Education for All,” based on the key organizing document (UNESCO, 1990) in the worldwide movement to improve educational access and equity. Then we focus on the role of globalization in the economy and politics, particularly its profound consequences for language learning and language use and its multiple implications for language policies in education. We specify three processes of globalization—migration, urbanization, and changes in the nature of work—that place language policies in education at the center of the processes shaping language learning. Then we examine specific cases in Asia and Europe in which language policies affect educational access and equity. Our emphasis in these cases is primarily on policies and practices of state institutions; due to space limitations, we do not examine the policy implications of important research on micro-level classroom practices (e.g., Pérez-Milans, 2013). Finally, we offer suggestions for how language policies may be used to open greater access and reduce inequalities in education.
Facing Complexity: Democracy, Expertise and the Discovery Process

As politics continues to be intertwined with complex, rapidly advancing bodies of knowledge, the question arises of how we are to understand the relationship between democracy and expertise. Recent discussions have focused on the capacity for democratic political institutions to address complex technical and scientific issues. These discussions have a post-positivist starting point, emphasising the contested, varied and dispersed nature of technical-scientific knowledge and expertise. Yet, as this article explores with particular reference to the work of Hayek, the sources of tension between democracy, complexity and expertise involve complex economic as well as technical-scientific dimensions. Starting from a similarly ‘post-positivist’ view of economic knowledge, Hayek famously concludes that over-reliance upon political expertise carries the danger of authoritarianism. He looks to the market as the most suitable institutional process for addressing complex economic choices, reflecting the various goals of individuals across society. As more recent writers have shown, this radically pro-market conclusion overlooks the profound social and environmental implications of market failure. Yet it is argued here that we can draw from the Hayekian understanding of complexity and its implications to enrich our understanding of how non-market, democratic institutions might handle those dimensions of complexity that cannot be adequately addressed through markets alone. Hence Hayekian insights can serve as an aid to re-conceptualising the concept of expertise as performing a potentially enabling role on behalf of political democracy.
Explaining outputs of primary health care: population and practice factors.

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether variations in the activities of general practice among family health service authorities can be explained by the populations characteristics and the organisation and resourcing of general practice. DESIGN--The family health services authorities were treated as discrete primary health care systems. Nineteen performance indicators reflecting the size, distribution, and characteristics of the population served; the organisation of general practice (inputs); and the activities generated by general practitioners and their staff (output) were analysed by stepwise regression. SETTING--90 family health services authorities in England. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of cervical smear testing, immunisation, prescribing, and night visiting. RESULTS--53% of the variation in uptake of cervical cytology was accounted for by Jarman score (t = -3.3), list inflation (-0.41), the proportion of practitioners over 65 (-0.64), the number of ancillary staff per practitioner (2.5), and 70% of the variation in immunisation rates by standardised mortality ratios (-6.6), the proportion of practitioners aged over 65 (-4.8), and the number of practice nurses per practitioner (3.5). Standardised mortality ratios (8.4), the number of practitioners (2.3), and the proportion over 65 (2.2), and the number of ancillary staff per practitioner (-3.1) accounted for 69% of variation in prescribing rates. 54% of the variation in night visiting was explained by standardised mortality ratios (7.1), the proportion of practitioners with lists sizes below 1000 (-2.2), the proportion aged over 65 (-0.4), and the number of practice nurses per practitioner (-2.5). CONCLUSIONS--Family health services authorities are appropriate systems for studying output of general practice. Their performance indicators need to be refined and to be linked to other relevant factors, notably the performance of hospital, community, and social services.
Reclaiming authentic selves: Control, resistive humour and identity work in the office

This article analyses a study that reveals employees using humour to resist an organization’s normative control attempts via a ‘workplace justice’ program. In an interesting ‘doubling’, the program used excerpts from the television comedy The Office which were intended to provide clear examples of inappropriate workplace behaviour and foster consensual understanding. However, The Office can be read as a parody of the performativity of management, gender and political correctness, a reading that problematizes the organizational purposes and one exploited by employees to construct alternate interpretations. Analysis focuses on a number of intersecting areas centring on identity work and humour. Firstly, resistance to normative control and its presumed intrusions, with resistance manifest in the form of humour. Related to this are employee perceptions that the organization required the mere performance of ‘appropriate behaviour’ in conformance with politically correct, managerially fashionable and legalistically expedient expectations. This raises questions about performance, identity and authenticity. Secondly, identity work takes place within power, but operates through a series of plateaux: actions may act resistively in relation to a managerial/hierarchical plateau whilst at the same time acting to reproduce forms of heteronormative masculinity in a different, gender power plateau. Thirdly, the article examines the role of humour in the complexities of identity work and in relation to different frameworks of power. It further theorizes and illustrates the ambiguities of humour and its double-edged capacity to contribute to the maintenance of the status quo and the performance of power as well as its resistive and subversive potential.
Rotational accelerations stabilize leading edge vortices on revolving fly wings

SUMMARY The aerodynamic performance of hovering insects is largely explained by the presence of a stably attached leading edge vortex (LEV) on top of their wings. Although LEVs have been visualized on real, physically modeled, and simulated insects, the physical mechanisms responsible for their stability are poorly understood. To gain fundamental insight into LEV stability on flapping fly wings we expressed the Navier–Stokes equations in a rotating frame of reference attached to the wing's surface. Using these equations we show that LEV dynamics on flapping wings are governed by three terms: angular, centripetal and Coriolis acceleration. Our analysis for hovering conditions shows that angular acceleration is proportional to the inverse of dimensionless stroke amplitude, whereas Coriolis and centripetal acceleration are proportional to the inverse of the Rossby number. Using a dynamically scaled robot model of a flapping fruit fly wing to systematically vary these dimensionless numbers, we determined which of the three accelerations mediate LEV stability. Our force measurements and flow visualizations indicate that the LEV is stabilized by the `quasi-steady' centripetal and Coriolis accelerations that are present at low Rossby number and result from the propeller-like sweep of the wing. In contrast, the unsteady angular acceleration that results from the back and forth motion of a flapping wing does not appear to play a role in the stable attachment of the LEV. Angular acceleration is, however, critical for LEV integrity as we found it can mediate LEV spiral bursting, a high Reynolds number effect. Our analysis and experiments further suggest that the mechanism responsible for LEV stability is not dependent on Reynolds number, at least over the range most relevant for insect flight (100<Re<14,000). LEVs are stable and continue to augment force even when they burst. These and similar findings for propellers and wind turbines at much higher Reynolds numbers suggest that even large flying animals could potentially exploit LEV-based force augmentation during slow hovering flight, take-offs or landing. We calculated the Rossby number from single-wing aspect ratios of over 300 insects, birds, bats, autorotating seeds, and pectoral fins of fish. We found that, on average, wings and fins have a Rossby number close to that of flies (Ro=3). Theoretically, many of these animals should therefore be able to generate a stable LEV, a prediction that is supported by recent findings for several insects, one bat, one bird and one fish. This suggests that force augmentation through stably attached (leading edge) vortices could represent a convergent solution for the generation of high fluid forces over a quite large range in size.