Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indexing via color histograms

This paper shows color histograms to be stable object representations over change in view, and demonstrates that they can differentiate among a large number of objects. The authors introduce a technique called histogram intersection for efficiently matching model and image histograms. Color can also be used to search for the location of an object. An algorithm called histogram backprojection performs this task efficiently in crowded scenes. <<ETX>>
From Regional Systems of Innovation to Regions as Innovation Policy Spaces

The regional systems of innovation concept is well established in academic and practitioner discourses about innovation and economic development. As with the innovation systems approach more generally, the use of the concept has expanded significantly from its initial analytical purpose and has been extensively used to inform policy making. We identify a number of dangers associated with the use of regional systems of innovation as a normative concept which both overstates and at the same time underemphasises the roles regions play as policy-making and implementation spaces. These issues are explored in the paper with an illustration of the North West region of England.
Determinants of increasing R&D complexity in affiliates of manufacturing multinational corporations in the UK

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the technological trajectories of the UK subsidiaries of manufacturing multinational corporations as measured by changes in their RD of the respondents that had been established in Britain for at least five years, 16 were found to demonstrate decreasing and 48 increasing complexity of R&D activities. These 64 firms were compared across a number of strategic variables, and a powerful logistic regression model developed that predicts technological trajectories with great precision. The key variables in the model were differences (over five years) in sales volume, decision making autonomy about human resource matters in the subsidiary, sensitivity to the needs of sister subsidiaries when developing new products, heterogeneity of the subsidiary's markets, and the degree of localization of certain control functions. The central lesson for the subsidiary R&D manager is that HQ undertakings about R&D strategy as it concerns the subsidiary may be fairly accurately evaluated via the model and its five strategic variables.
Validity and Responsiveness of the Single Alpha-numeric Evaluation for Shoulder Patients

Background: There is an ever-increasing demand for widespread implementation of patient-reported outcomes. However, adoption is slow owing to limitations in clinical infrastructure and resources within busy orthopaedic practices. Prior studies showed the single alpha-numeric evaluation (SANE) score to correlate at a single point in time with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. However, no study has validated the SANE in terms of test-retest reliability, responsiveness, or clinical utility. Purpose: To validate SANE with the ASES across a sample of patients with common orthopaedic shoulder diagnoses. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (n = 77), total shoulder replacement (n = 55), or physical therapy (n = 80) for signs and symptoms of subacromial impingement syndrome (n = 61) or adhesive capsulitis (n = 19) were administered the SANE and ASES at baseline and again at their 3-month follow-up from initial care or surgery (N = 212, mean ± SD age = 52.6 ± 1.2 years, n = 145 women). Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and standard error of the measurement (SEm) were used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the SANE and the validity between the SANE and ASES scores. Analysis of variance (treatment group × time) was used to evaluate the responsiveness to treatment, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the SANE as compared with the ASES (α = .05). Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated as the percentage of patients who scored the highest or lowest score on each tool. Results: The SANE demonstrated good pretreatment reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.84, SEM = 3.8), similar to the ASES (ICC2,1 = 0.82, SEM = 3.4). The SANE also showed good agreement with the ASES before and after treatment across all treatment groups (rotator cuff repair, ICC2,1 = 0.85, SEM = 3.4; total shoulder replacement, ICC2,1 = 0.72, SEM = 5.2; physical therapy: ICC2,1 = 0.82, SEM = 2.9). The SANE and ASES displayed similar responsiveness after treatment, with similar mean change and SD within each treatment group. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed an area under the curve of 0.79 (SE, 0.62; P < .001) and a cutoff of 15% on the SANE, with a sensitivity of 85% to establish the MCID. Acceptable and similar floor and ceiling effects were observed for the ASES (4%) and SANE (9%). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the SANE is valid for a range of common shoulder diagnoses to assess patient outcomes across operative and nonoperative treatment for shoulder complaints. The MCID of 15% is similar to that of the ASES (11%), suggesting that the SANE is a simple and efficient tool to assess treatment effects for shoulder disorders. Future studies are warranted to confirm these results and compare across other body parts and diagnoses.
Determinants of Spanish Regions' Tourism Performance: A Two-Stage, Double-Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis

Despite the current international financial crisis, the tourism sector has managed to maintain high levels of activity. Against a backdrop of weak demand and stiff competition, efficiency has come to the fore as a key issue, especially in consolidated markets, such as Spain, where hopes that the sector will lead the way to economic recovery contrast with statements from the Competitiveness Monitor of the World Travel & Tourism Council that Spain is losing its competitiveness. In this article, the two-stage Simar and Wilson procedure is used to estimate the effect of a group of nine environmental factors on robust data envelopment analysis (DEA) estimates which act as a proxy of destination competitiveness for the Spanish autonomous communities (or regions) between 2002 and 2010. A brief discussion in terms of D- and E-attraction and cluster D-attraction is also included. The article contributes to the destination industry literature by adopting an approach that has not hitherto been applied to Spain.
The Psychological Impact of Expatriate Relocation on Partners

Abstract This paper reports upon a study of the psychological impact of relocation on partners of fifty-eight expatriate and repatriate managers. The study examined associations for several factors, namely company assistance, culture shock experienced, perceived cultural distance between home and host countries and personal factors, with partners' psychological adjustment to relocation. The most important positive predictor of psychological adjustment was found to be company assistance. Also, general support for a process of phases in psychological adjustment to relocation was found, although not following the postulated curve. Increased recognition of the importance of the factors examined here and their role in the process of psychological adjustment to relocation is recommended for expatriates and their organizations alike.
The Value of a Two-Dimensional Value Investment Strategy: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market

This paper examines whether the two-dimensional value investment strategy that incorporates both the value investment strategy and financial statement information can earn excess returns in the Korean stock market. The two-dimensional value investment strategy yields a return of 27.9 percent, which is 8.97 percent higher than the return provided by the simple value investment strategy. Thus, the result shows that the two-dimensional strategy is not only effective in the U. S. stock market, but also effective in emerging markets such as the Korean stock market. Furthermore, the two-dimensional value investment strategy shows that the higher return during a bear market demonstrates the strategy's protective ability.
Evidence for the establishment of aphid-eubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families

Aphids (superfamily Aphidoidea) contain eubacterial endosymbionts localized within specialized cells (mycetocytes). The endosymbionts are essential for the survival of the aphid hosts. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNAs from endosymbionts of 11 aphid species from seven tribes and four families have indicated that the endosymbionts are monophyletic. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships within the symbiont clade parallel the relationships of the corresponding aphid hosts. Our findings suggest that this endocytobiotic association was established in a common ancestor of the four aphid families with subsequent diversification into the present species of aphids and their endosymbionts.
Incorporating Technology Diffusion, Factor Mobility and Structural Change into Cross-Region Growth Regression: An Application to China

This paper advocates a spatial dynamic model that introduces technology diffusion, factor mobility, and structural change into the cross-region growth regression. The spatial setting is derived from theory rather than spatial statistical tests. An application of this model to the study of cross-province growth in China over the period 1980-2005 indicates that incomes are spatially correlated, which highlights the significance of technology diffusion and factor mobility. Furthermore, the integration of neoclassical growth empirics and the structural change perspective of development economics provide a much improved account of interprovincial variations in income levels and economic growth.
Reanalyzing the Complement Coercion Effect through a Generalized Lexical Semantics for Aspectual Verbs

Coercion verbs have been taken to include not only aspectual verbs likebegin, start, andfinish but also psychological verbs such as enjoy, endure, andsavorand control verbs liketry andattempt . Their unifying property has been assumed to be that they select for eventive complements (e.g. John began/enjoyed reading the book /the meeting ). On this view, the composition of an entity-denoting expre ssion with any coercion verb obligatorily gives rise to a type-mismatch, w hich can only be resolved by “coercing” the entity-denoting expression into an event-denoting expres sion. The experimental literature has presupposed such an event-selecting lexical semantics for all coercion verbs and interpreted processing and neurological phenomena as being reflexes of entity-to-event type-shifti ng. Recent evidence on the processing properties of coercion ve rbs however shows that when distinct semantic subclasses of coercion verbs are isolated, out of t he two main subclasses (aspectual and psychological verbs), only aspectual verbs trigger the expected p rocessing profile (Katsika et al 2012, Utt., et al., Lai et al., 2014). Crucially, these results call into questi on the standard account for the increased processing cost observed and in doing so they also call into question the linguistic analysis that gives rise to such an account. To address this issue, we focus on aspectual verbs and provid e a new lexical semantic analysis of aspectual verbs. On this analysis, aspectual verbs lexical ly select for structured individuals – entities that can be construed as one-dimensional directed path structur es (K ifka 1998) in some ontological dimension. This analysis has wide empirical coverage: it accounts for t he full range of complements that aspectual verbs legitimately combine with in their transitive uses, a nd it does so without appealing to any coercive entity-to-event type-shifting operations. Finally, the a nalysis allows for a simpler, conceptually grounded interpretation of the observed processing cost as being a re sult of exhaustive lexical retrieval (on the verb) and ambiguity resolution (on the complement).
Antecedents of entrepreneurs' trust in their investor in the postinvestment phase – do something good!

This study sheds light on character- and behavior-based antecedents in driving entrepreneurs' trust in their investors after the investment has been made. By introducing established concepts from trust literature, this study decomposes antecedents of entrepreneurs' trust and helps to further clarify the entrepreneur–investor relationship. The study also advances research by analyzing trust in a nonhierarchical relationship and by working on the interplay of procedural justice and perceived trustworthiness. Using a survey of 104 German entrepreneurs, we find that perceptions about investors' ability, integrity, and benevolence drive entrepreneurs' trust. A moderation analysis reveals that interaction frequency has differing effects in combination with benevolence and integrity. In contrast to some earlier findings, procedural justice does not show a significant relationship with trust in our model. Investors should be aware of the strong and positive influence that the affective factor of benevolence has in the postinvestment phase, and they should take note of the double-edged effect of frequent interactions.
The Dynamics of company profits : an international comparison

1. Profits and the process of competition Dennis C. Mueller 2. Modelling persistent profitability Paul A. Geroski 3. The persistence of profits in the United States Dennis C. Mueller 4. The persistence of profits in US manufacturing industries Ioannis Kessides 5. The persistence of profitability in Canada R. Shyam Khemani and D. M. Shapiro 6. Persistence of corporate profits in the Federal Republic of Germany Joachim Schwalbach and Talat Mahmood 7. The persistence of profits in France Frederic Jenny and Andre-Paul Weber 8. The persistence of profits in Japan Hiroyuki Odagiri and Hideki Yamawaki 9. The persistence of profits in the UK John Cubbin and Paul A. Geroski 10. The persistence of profits: international comparison Hiroyuki Odagiri and Hideki Yamawaki 11. The persistence of profits in perspective Paul A. Geroski and Dennis C. Mueller.
Intrinsic Fish Characteristics and Intraseason Production Efficiency: A Management‐Level Bioeconomic Analysis of a Commercial Fishery

Biological changes in Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) and corresponding production yields were used to model a vertically integrated fishery from harvest through processing. The seasonal bioeconomic programming model incorporated stock dynamics with the interactive economic effects of intrinsic fish quality, the harvest schedule, and quota allocation between heterogeneous user groups. The optimal management plan would maximize discounted net industry revenues (NPV) given a minimum spawning biomass. NPV was maximized when the intraseason timing of harvest coincided with the seasonal improvement in fish quality (e.g., following spawning and/or migration). NPV was only marginally affected, however, by the quota allocation between groups. Copyright 1999, Oxford University Press.
Executive Pay at Publicly Listed Firms in China

This article explores the executive compensation structure in China. Using unbalanced panel data on 17,178 executives in 1,386 publicly listed firms in China during 1999–2006, we find that (1) both executive pay and the pay gap between executive ranks increased over time; (2) pay distribution skews toward the top of the firm, with the pay gap between the CEO and the second-tier executives (vice presidents) being the largest; (3) the pay gap between the CEO and vice presidents increases with the number of vice presidents; (4) executive pay dispersion is positively related to the variation in firm performance; and (5) executive pay is negatively related to state ownership. Overall, our study shows that the executive pay structure at publicly listed firms in China has started to resemble that seen in developed market economies. This development represents an important change from the egalitarian ideology that prevailed before the economic reforms.
Immune checkpoints programmed death 1 ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule 4 in gastric adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition has been reported for several types of solid tumors and early studies in gastric adenocarcinoma are promising. A detailed knowledge about the natural biology of immune checkpoints in gastric adenocarcinoma is essential for clinical and translational evaluation of these drugs. This study is a comprehensive analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 were stained on tumor sections of 127 Caucasian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and somatic mutation profiling was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing. Expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 on lymphocytes in tumor sections, tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and peripheral blood were studied by flow-cytometry and immune-fluorescence microscopy in an additional cohort. PD-L1 and CTLA-4 were expressed in 44.9% (57/127) and 86.6% (110/127) of the analyzed gastric adenocarcinoma samples, respectively. Positive tumor cell staining for PD-L1 or CTLA-4 was associated with inferior overall survival. Somatic mutational analysis did not reveal a correlation to expression of PD-L1 or CTLA-4 on tumor cells. Expression of PD-1 (52.2%), PD-L1 (42.2%) and CTLA-4 (1.6%) on tumor infiltrating T cells was significantly elevated compared to peripheral blood. Of note, PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed far higher by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes than CTLA-4. In conclusion, specific immune checkpoint-inhibitors should be evaluated in this disease and the combination with molecular targeted therapies might be of benefit. An extensive immune monitoring should accompany these studies to better understand their mode of action in the tumor microenvironment.
Subcellular distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse fibroblasts.

Mouse fibroblasts contain a macromolecular binding component (receptor) which binds glucocorticoids specifically and with high affinity. This study shows that there are three different cellular forms of bound receptor and that it is experimentally possible to markedly alter the subcellular distribution of these three forms. Cells incubated with (3H)triamcinolone acetonide were broken after hypotonic shock and a 7000g hypotonic supernatant was obtained; the pellet was extracted with 0.3 M KCl, yielding a nuclear extract; the remaining pellet was resuspended in water, sonicated, and assayed for "nuclear residual" (i.e., nonextractable) radioactivity. If whole cells are incubated at 0 degrees in a growth medium, almost all of the bound steroid is located in the hypotonic supernatant fraction. Incubation at 37 degrees produces a shift of the steroid-bound macromolecule into the nuclear extractable form, while omission of glucose and addition of KCN at 37 degrees markedly increase the nuclear residual form at the expense of both the nuclear-extractable and supernatant forms. Since DNase treatment of chromatin liberates a soluble steroid-receptor complex, we believe that the nuclear residual form may be steroid-receptor complex tightly bound to chromatin. We propose a model suggesting that an energy-requiring process is required to generate free receptor from the chromatin complex to complete the normal cellular recycling system.
University Licensing: Harnessing or Tarnishing Faculty Research?

The central issue we consider is whether university patent licensing, afforded by the Bayh‐Dole Act, has diverted universities away from their basic research mission. The act, passed in 1980, was intended to stimulate the transfer of federally funded research to industry. While statistics on licensing activity suggest that it has served this purpose, they have also fueled debates as to whether licensing has also led faculty to abandon basic research agendas. We show that, quite to the contrary, when realistic complexities of the research environment are taken into account, it is just as natural to expect basic research productivity to have been enhanced by licensing. Our evidence on disclosure, funding, and publications (their nature and impact) of faculty in 11 universities lends credence to the notion that, rather than diverting faculty research, licensing is part of a flurry of activities that can be associated with fundamental discoveries from fairly basic research.
Workers' taxes, social benefits and the fiscal crisis in Southern Europe

In the economic crisis the need for traditional expansionary fiscal policies to stimulate effective demand has faced a serious obstacle - public deficits and the levels of public debt. We examine empirically whether workers are responsible for the public deficits and the accumulated debt in the Southern European countries. By subtracting labour taxes from labour benefits derived from public spending we estimate the net social wage for the period, 1995 to 2008. The net social wage ratio expresses the net social wage as a percentage of the gross domestic product and reveals the significance of the positive or negative net fiscal position of the working class for the system as a whole. Our results suggest that the net social wage is always and everywhere negative in these years indicating that the fiscal imbalances in Southern European countries have not been caused by the subsidisation of the income of labour.
How are Earnings Managed? An Examination of Specific Accruals

This paper explores the use of specific accruals in managing earnings. We argue that the costs of managing earnings through different income statement items vary and that the benefits of earnings management through each of these items are context-dependent. We thus make differential predictions regarding which specific accrual will be used to manage earnings in each of three contexts. To measure earnings management using specific accruals, we develop six performance-matched measures. Consistent with our predictions, we find that firms issuing equity appear to prefer to manage earnings upward by accelerating revenue recognition, while the opposite is true for firms in the management buyout context. For firms trying to avoid reporting an earnings decrease, we find that special items are significantly more positive. This paper improves our understanding of how the incentives behind earnings management affect the method used to achieve earnings goals and also illustrates the usefulness of examining specific accruals in different contexts.