Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUANTUM COHOMOLOGY AND THE k-SCHUR BASIS

We prove that structure constants related to Hecke algebras at roots of unity are special cases of k-Littlewood-Richardson coefficients associated to a product of k-Schur functions. As a consequence, both the 3-point Gromov-Witten invariants appearing in the quantum cohomology of the Grassmannian, and the fusion coefficients for the WZW conformal field theories associated to su(l) are shown to be k-Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. From this, Mark Shimozono conjectured that the k-Schur functions form the Schubert basis for the homology of the loop Grassmannian, whereas k-Schur coproducts correspond to the integral cohomology of the loop Grassmannian. We introduce dual k-Schur functions defined on weights of k-tableaux that, given Shimozono's conjecture, form the Schubert basis for the cohomology of the loop Grassmannian. We derive several properties of these functions that extend those of skew Schur functions.
BRODIFACOUM RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN WATER, SOIL, INVERTEBRATES, AND BIRDS AFTER RAT ERADICATION ON LADY ALICE ISLAND

Cereal-based pellets containing 20 ppm brodifacoum (Talon® 20P) (ICI Crop Care, Richmond) were aerially applied by helicopter over Lady Alice Island at a rate of 12 kg ha on 27 October 1994. Water samples (100 mL) were randomly taken from streams before and 2, 12, and 34 days after the poison operation. Soil samples were taken from random sites on the island before and 2, 12, 34, and 210 days after the poison operation. At these same times, 5–10 live tree weta (Hemideina thoracica White) and 5-10 live cockroaches (Blattidae) were collected by hand. An individual cave weta (Gymnoplectron spp.) and black beetles (Coleoptera) found alive on baits were also collected. The island was searched for dead birds. A morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae Gmelin) was found 23 days after the poison application, and a juvenile kakariki (redcrowned parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae Sparrman) 33 days after. All samples were stored at -20°C for later brodifacoum residue analysis. Five samples of water, five samples of soil, five individual tree weta, cave weta, and cockroaches Introduction
Videotape and the attribution process: reversing actors' and observers' points of view.

Two actor subjects at a time engaged in a brief, unstructured conversation while two observer subjects looked on. Later a questionnaire measured the actors' attributions of their own behavior in the conversation either to dispcsitional, internal causes or to situational, external causes. Similarly, each observer attributed his matched actor's behavior. Videotapes of the conversation, replayed to subjects before the attribution questionnaire, provided an experimental manipulation of visual orientation. Some actors and observers saw no videotape replay, while other subjects saw a tape that merely repeated their original visual orientations. As predicted for both of these conditions, the actors attributed relatively more to the situation than the observers. A third set of subjects saw a videotape taken from a new perspective—some actors saw a tape of themselves, while some observers saw the other participant with whom their matched actor had been conversing. With this reorientation, self-viewing actors attributed relatively more to their own dispositions than observers. The results indicated the importance of visual orientation in determining attributional differences between actors and observers. Pragmatically, the theoretical framework and results of the study had relevance to the use of videotape self-observation in therapy and T groups. When an individual observes a behavior and attempts to understand its causes, he is concerned with the relative importance of personal dispositions of the actor and the surrounding social and environmental context. Both an observer who wishes to explain another's behavior and an actor who tries to understand his own behavior attempt to make the appropriate causal attributions. There is reason to believe, however, that actors and observers do not always arrive at the same explanation of the actor's behavior. Jones and Nisbett (1971) have argued that when actors seek to explain their own behavior, they are inclined to give considerable weight to external, environmental (i.e., situational) causes. Observers, on the other hand, place considerably more emphasis on internal, personal (i.e., dispositional) causes of the actor's behavior. 1 The research for this article was performed as part of the author's PhD dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology, Yale University. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Richard E. Nisbett, who served as advisor for the thesis and who has contributed many helpful criticisms of the present article. 2 Requests for reprints should be sent to the au
Public Transport Networks under Random Failure and Directed Attack

The behaviour of complex networks under failure or attack depends strongly on the specific scenario. Of special interest are scale-free networks, which are usually seen as robust under random failure but appear to be especially vulnerable to targeted attacks. In a recent study of public transport networks of 14 major cities of the world we have shown that these systems when represented by appropriate graphs may exhibit scale-free behaviour. In this paper we briefly review some of the recent results about the effects that defunct or removed nodes have on the properties of public transport networks. Simulating different directed attack strategies, we derive vulnerability criteria that result in minimal strategies with high impact on these systems.
A Daunting Task for Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers: Developing Students' Mathematical Thinking.

The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service teachers’ teaching practice in terms of providing suitable conditions for developing students’ mathematical thinking in the frame of the Advancing Children's Thinking framework. In the study, Advancing Children's Thinking framework developed by Fraivillig et al. was adopted as theoretical framework. Case study was used and participants were determined as four pre-service mathematics teachers. Four lessons for each participant were observed via video camera. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis technique within framework components. It was found that pre-service mathematics teachers often elicited students’ mathematical thinking but less often supported and extended. Although they had some theoretical knowledge about the mathematical thinking, they reflected this knowledge in practice for the first time. In this sense, it can be said that the pre-service teachers made important efforts in the development of the mathematical thinking and tried to realize a suitable instruction in the context of the framework. Key words: Mathematical thinking, teaching, pre-service mathematics teacher, developing mathematical thinking.
Reporting daily and critical events: journalists’ perceptions of coping and savouring strategies, and of organizational support

ABSTRACT Although journalists are increasingly being viewed by scientific research as an at-risk occupational group, there is still little knowledge on their strategies for dealing with occupational stressors, in both daily work settings and in critical scenarios, and on the support provided by the media organizations. Taking the occupational stress model as a framework, 25 Portuguese journalists, experienced in reporting critical events, were interviewed on their perceptions of the coping and savouring strategies they use, as well as of their organizations’ support in daily work and critical events. Differences among these variables, according to deployment frequency to critical events were statistically analysed. The data content analysis showed that emotion-focused coping strategies were the most frequently mentioned for both settings, whereas savouring strategies were only referred to for critical events. Perceptions of coping strategies were four times more frequent than those of savouring, and the need for organizational support was especially stressed. Significant differences were identified in all variables according to the number of deployments to critical events. These findings may contribute to a reflection on the role of media organizations in promoting journalists’ occupational health in both settings. The article closes by suggesting directions for future studies.
Identification of Novel Genes Involved in Long-Chain n-Alkane Degradation by Acinetobacter sp. Strain DSM 17874

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 is capable of utilizing n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from that of decane (C10H22) to that of tetracontane (C40H82) as a sole carbon source. Two genes encoding AlkB-type alkane hydroxylase homologues, designated alkMa and alkMb, have been shown to be involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with chain lengths of from 10 to 20 C atoms in this strain. Here, we describe a novel high-throughput screening method and the screening of a transposon mutant library to identify genes involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with C chain lengths longer than 20, which are solid at 30°C, the optimal growth temperature for Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874. A library consisting of approximately 6,800 Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 transposon mutants was constructed and screened for mutants unable to grow on dotriacontane (C32H66) while simultaneously showing wild-type growth characteristics on shorter-chain n-alkanes. For 23 such mutants isolated, the genes inactivated by transposon insertion were identified. Targeted inactivation and complementation studies of one of these genes, designated almA and encoding a putative flavin-binding monooxygenase, confirmed its involvement in the strain's metabolism of long-chain n-alkanes. To our knowledge, almA represents the first cloned gene shown to be involved in the bacterial degradation of long-chain n-alkanes of 32 C's and longer. Genes encoding AlmA homologues were also identified in other long-chain n-alkane-degrading Acinetobacter strains.
Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis of 68 studies with a total of 4644 participants was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of tests of verbal fluency to the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD) relative to healthy controls. Both phonemic and semantic fluency were moderately impaired but neither deficit qualified as a differential deficit relative to verbal intelligence or psychomotor speed. However, PD patients were significantly more impaired on semantic relative to phonemic fluency (rs = .37 vs. .33, respectively), and confrontation naming, a test of semantic memory that imposes only minimal demands upon cognitive speed and effortful retrieval, was associated with a deficit that was of a comparable magnitude to the deficits upon each of these types of fluency. Thus, the disorder appears to be associated with particular problems with semantic memory. Tests that impose heavy demands upon switching may also be disproportionately affected. Demented and non-demented PD patients differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in terms of the relative prominence of deficits on tests of phonemic and semantic fluency. However, patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type and demented PD patients can be differentiated from one another by the relative magnitude of deficits upon these two measures. (JINS, 2004, 10, 608–622.)
Subcortical orientation biases explain orientation selectivity of visual cortical cells

The primary visual cortex of carnivores and primates shows an orderly progression of domains of neurons that are selective to a particular orientation of visual stimuli such as bars and gratings. We recorded from single‐thalamic afferent fibers that terminate in these domains to address the issue whether the orientation sensitivity of these fibers could form the basis of the remarkable orientation selectivity exhibited by most cortical cells. We first performed optical imaging of intrinsic signals to obtain a map of orientation domains on the dorsal aspect of the anaesthetized cat's area 17. After confirming using electrophysiological recordings the orientation preferences of single neurons within one or two domains in each animal, we pharmacologically silenced the cortex to leave only the afferent terminals active. The inactivation of cortical neurons was achieved by the superfusion of either kainic acid or muscimol. Responses of single geniculate afferents were then recorded by the use of high impedance electrodes. We found that the orientation preferences of the afferents matched closely with those of the cells in the orientation domains that they terminated in (Pearson's r = 0.633, n = 22, P = 0.002). This suggests a possible subcortical origin for cortical orientation selectivity.
Cyclosporin A Promotes Neural Precursor Cell Survival to Enhance Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus

Neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the adult mammalian brain show potential in applications of regenerative repair in the CNS. Recent work has shown that Cyclosporin A (CsA), a commonly used immunosuppressive drug, expands the size of the NPC pool in the lateral ventricle subependyma by promoting cell survival, with no concomitant effect on proliferation kinetics. We asked if CsA had similar effects on neural precursors in the neurogenic dentate gyrus within the hippocampus. In vitro, we found that CsA increases the size of the NPC pool. Our in vivo studies reveal an increase in proliferating immature neurons in mice subcutaneously infused with CsA for seven days. A time course study reveals that CsA promotes the survival of newly born NPCs, which can then go on to form new neurons in the DG. Together these findings support the hypothesis that CsA administration promotes neurogenesis and may have implications for tissue repair following injury.
Analyzing the SOA Ability of Standard Software Packages with a dedicated Architecture Maturity Framework

The SOA Innovation Lab investigates the use of standard software packages in a service-oriented context. As a part of this investigation the SOA capabilities of products from different vendors need to be evaluated. For this purpose a SOA architecture maturity framework has been developed, leveraging and extending CMMI and TOGAF, as well as other state-of-the art frameworks and methods. Besides details about our framework, we present and analyze first results from the assessment of various vendor platforms.
Affirming psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people of color.

In this article, the authors discuss the unique considerations that psychologists may keep in mind when working with transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) clients of color. These considerations are informed by the Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients (American Psychological Association, 2015). The major components of TGNC-affirmative psychological practice with TGNC people of color are described, including (a) interrogating psychologist race/ethnicity and gender identity, (b) addressing the intersectionality of race/ethnicity and gender identity, (c) challenging assumptions about TGNC experiences and the experiences of people of color, (d) building rapport and acknowledging differences within the therapeutic dyad, (e) assessing client strengths and resilience in navigating multiple oppressions, and (f) providing a variety of resources that are affirming to TGNC people of color. A case vignette is provided that explores these components and brings them to life.
Part-of-Speech Tagging in Context

We present a new HMM tagger that exploits context on both sides of a word to be tagged, and evaluate it in both the unsupervised and supervised case. Along the way, we present the first comprehensive comparison of unsupervised methods for part-of-speech tagging, noting that published results to date have not been comparable across corpora or lexicons. Observing that the quality of the lexicon greatly impacts the accuracy that can be achieved by the algorithms, we present a method of HMM training that improves accuracy when training of lexical probabilities is unstable. Finally, we show how this new tagger achieves state-of-the-art results in a supervised, non-training intensive framework.
Toward a unified scheme for the aggregation of tau into Alzheimer paired helical filaments.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by aggregates of tau protein. Attempts to study the conditions for aggregation in vitro have led to different experimental systems, some of which appear mutually exclusive (e.g., oxidative vs reductive conditions, induction by polyanions vs fatty acids). We show here that different approaches and pathways can be viewed in a common framework, and that apparent differences can be explained by variations in the kinetics of subreactions. A unified view of PHF aggregation should help to analyze the causes of PHF aggregation and devise methods to prevent it.
INFLATION TARGETING INTENSITY

This study proposes indexes of monetary policy desi gn characteristics in line with those under inflati on targeting (IT). One purpose of the indexes is to provide a useful class ification of central banks as opposed to an arbitra ry one that is only based on an explicit announcement of inflation targeting. Th e latter categorization erodes heterogeneity among targeters and non-targeters alike. The second objective is to examine whether “ the intensity” of IT matters. In this regard, our a nalysis is in contrast with the recent empirical literature on two grounds. First, for the first time, the impact of IT is assessed by directly measuring the underlying monetary policy design features instead of solely controlling for its official announcement . Our method enables the researcher to refrain from unduly praise or blame t he explicit existence of the regime. Second; our in dexes also allow us to investigate new hypotheses that are not addressed i n the current literature. We use the indexes to ana lyze the impact on the output cost of disinflation and on the inflation pe rsistence. The first set of results shows that U.S. and Japan are ranked remarkably close to the early targeters of New Zeal and, U.K., Canada and Australia. Armenian central b ank, while not cited as an implicit targeter in the literature, is detected o perform remarkably well. Compared with the anec dotal evidence in the recent studies, indexes point out to noticeable structural ch nges in Mexico and Peru along with the potentia l targeters of the time. This study therefore suggests for a more up to date surv ey of central bank policy design characteristics. T he second set of results indicates that higher intensity among targeters doe s not deliver significantly lower output cost or in flation persistence. As for non-targeters, announcing official targets does not seem to provide additional benefit either. Among t he OECD countries, inflation targeting intensity indexes significantly reduce inflation persistence. This result puts dou bt on solely relying on the official announcement of IT. The significant impact on inflation persistence is found to work through increased transparency. Meanwhile low degree of central bank discretion amo ng OECD countries and limited financing of the gove rnment by the central bank in the full cross-sectional sample significant ly reduce the inflation-output tradeoff. Finally it is observed that institutional design features should be mature enough in order to benefit from a reconstructuring towards inflation targeting.
Plant soil interactions alter carbon cycling in an upland grassland soil

Soil carbon (C) storage is dependent upon the complex dynamics of fresh and native organic matter cycling, which are regulated by plant and soil-microbial activities. A fundamental challenge exists to link microbial biodiversity with plant-soil C cycling processes to elucidate the underlying mechanisms regulating soil carbon. To address this, we contrasted vegetated grassland soils with bare soils, which had been plant-free for 3 years, using stable isotope (13C) labeled substrate assays and molecular analyses of bacterial communities. Vegetated soils had higher C and N contents, biomass, and substrate-specific respiration rates. Conversely, following substrate addition unlabeled, native soil C cycling was accelerated in bare soil and retarded in vegetated soil; indicative of differential priming effects. Functional differences were reflected in bacterial biodiversity with Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria dominating vegetated and bare soils, respectively. Significant isotopic enrichment of soil RNA was found after substrate addition and rates varied according to substrate type. However, assimilation was independent of plant presence which, in contrast to large differences in 13CO2 respiration rates, indicated greater substrate C use efficiency in bare, Acidobacteria-dominated soils. Stable isotope probing (SIP) revealed most community members had utilized substrates with little evidence for competitive outgrowth of sub-populations. Our findings support theories on how plant-mediated soil resource availability affects the turnover of different pools of soil carbon, and we further identify a potential role of soil microbial biodiversity. Specifically we conclude that emerging theories on the life histories of dominant soil taxa can be invoked to explain changes in soil carbon cycling linked to resource availability, and that there is a strong case for considering microbial biodiversity in future studies investigating the turnover of different pools of soil carbon.
Future Detection of Supernova Neutrino Burst and Explosion Mechanism

Future detection of a supernova neutrino burst by large underground detectors would give important information for the explosion mechanism of collapse-driven supernovae. We studied the statistical analysis for the future detection of a nearby supernova by using a numerical supernova model and realistic Monte Carlo simulations of detection by the Super-Kamiokande detector. We mainly discuss the detectability of the signatures of the delayed explosion mechanism in the time evolution of the ν̄e luminosity and spectrum. For a supernova at 10 kpc away from the Earth, we find not only that the signature is clearly discernible but also that the deviation of the energy spectrum from the Fermi-Dirac (FD) distribution can be observed. The deviation from the FD distribution would, if observed, provide a test for the standard picture of neutrino emission from collapse-driven supernovae. For the D = 50 kpc case, the signature of the delayed explosion is still observable, but statistical fluctuation is too large to detect the deviation from the FD distribution. We also propose a method for statistical reconstruction of the time evolution of ν̄e luminosity and spectrum from data, by which we can get a smoother time evolution and smaller statistical errors than by a simple, time-binning analysis. This method is useful especially when the available number of events is relatively small, e.g., a supernova in the LMC or SMC. A neutronization burst of νe's produces about five scattering events when D = 10 kpc, and this signal is difficult to distinguish from ν̄ep events.