Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Biases and Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients

Cognitive factors such as perceptions of poor health and negative expectancies toward the future may mediate relationships between health variables, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. In this study of risk factors associated with late life suicidal ideation, thirty older psychiatric inpatients were interviewed using standardized instruments. Self-reported symptoms of hopelessness, perceived health, and depression, as well as number of impaired medical illness systems were examined in relation to presence of suicidal thoughts. Several aspects of a cognitive model of suicide were supported using partial correlation and regression analyses. First, patients who were more depressed and suicidal had more negative cognitions than those who were less depressed and not suicidal. Second, depressive symptoms were strongly related to suicidal thoughts even after controlling for the patients' number of impaired illness systems. Third, cognitive factors versus health factors were shown to influence the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. These findings emphasize the importance of cognitive biases in geriatric suicidal ideation.
A Comparison of Parent and Therapist Ratings of Outcome in a Child Mental Health Clinic.

AIM The study's aim was to ascertain how much parents and therapists agree about therapy outcome. METHOD We contacted 50 recently helped families using postal questionnaires including a 7-item outcome scale derived from MAISY data system. We used a weighted kappa test to compare parents and therapists views. RESULTS Response rate was 63.8%. Observed agreement was 73%, and expected agreement 54%, producing a kappa of 0.42 consistent with moderate parent-therapist agreement. DISCUSSION Results are consistent with parents and therapists having similar perceptions of therapy outcome. It is important to monitor parental and professional views and the extent to which they coincide.
The consumer in society: Utopian visions revisited

Edward Bellamy’s famous 1888 best‐seller Looking Backward imagined a paradisal world where social and economic problems of poverty, strife, class, and war were eliminated through a Utopian political economy based on socialist principles. What makes Bellamy’s thought compelling for marketing scholars is his emphasis on the consumer, his focus on equality as the vehicle for societal transformation, and his analysis of the role consumer desire, envy, and greed play in generating strife and strain. Thus, his Utopian vision seems to have much in common with the mantra of the modern marketing machine – happiness is material, and your credit card is your ticket to the good life. However, his vision of the good life is largely at odds with the market economy’s version. This paper examines the man behind a uniquely consumer oriented socialist paradise and suggests that his writings have left an inspiring legacy that marketing academics might find insightful.
Development and Test of a Multivariate Model of Absenteeism

Given the high costs associated with employees' absence in today's cost-conscious environment, there has been increased interest in understanding the factors leading to absenteeism. In 1986 Brooke proposed an absenteeism model as a stimulus to research. The present study tests a multivariate model based on Brooke's proposed framework. Subjects were 443 Department of Defense civilian employees. Confirmatory path analysis (LISREL VI) was performed to test the proposed model. Given a poor fit between the research model and the data, exploratory path analysis was performed next to establish the paths leading to absenteeism, and a revised model was developed. Although these results provided partial support for the hypothesized model, the data suggested that the actual relationships between absenteeism and the 14 independent variables are more complex than anticipated. The revised model provides a better fit than the original model and establishes a framework for further research.
Effects of concept mapping strategy on learning performance in business and economics statistics

A concept map (CM) is a hierarchically arranged, graphic representation of the relationships among concepts. Concept mapping (CMING) is the process of constructing a CM. This paper examines whether a CMING strategy can be useful in helping students to improve their learning performance in a business and economics statistics course. A single factor, between subjects experimental design with three participant groups (collaborative concept mapping (CCMING) versus individual concept mapping (ICMING) versus traditional textbook exercises (TTE)) was employed. The experimental results suggest that adopting a CMING strategy can significantly improve student learning achievement in statistics, compared to using TTE, and adopting a CCMING improves student achievement even more than using ICMING. Furthermore, most of the students were satisfied with using CMING to learn statistics.
Selecting Intervention Strategies: Using Brief Experimental Analysis for Mathematics Problems

Although brief experimental analysis (BEA) procedures have been effective for aiding instructional decision making in the area of reading, there is a paucity of research extending this technology to mathematics. This study extends the literature on mathematics BEA by using an abridged data series that compares skill- and performance-based interventions, and examines effects of the selected intervention across time and on generalization worksheets. Brief experimental analysis and extended analyses across target and generalization worksheets were conducted with four children in grades 3 to 6. Results demonstrated that mathematics BEA can be used to select effective interventions and that these results remain stable across time and compared to baseline. However, collateral effects on generalization materials were found for only 1 of 4 children.
College Students' Attitudes toward Elderly Sexuality: A Two Factor Solution

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude examine la capacité de l'instrument de Connaissance et d'échelle d'attitudes de la sexualité des personnes âgées (ASKAS) à mesurer les attitudes des individus envers la sexualité des aînés. L'hypothèse principale selon laquelle les attitudes des individus envers la sexualité des aînés sont unidimensionnelles est remise en cause. Quatre cent cinquante huit étudiants de collèges, dont la moyenne d'âge était de 27 ans (écart-type = 8,67), ont rempli l'échelle d'attitude de l'ASKAS, ont répondu à une série d'énoncés portant sur les attitudes envers la sexualité des aînés élaborés par les auteurs, et ont fourni de l'information personnelle sur des variables démographiques et de la personnalité les concernant. Une analyse factorielle de l'ensemble des énoncés d'attitude révèle une solution à deux facteurs dans laquelle les énoncés regroupés sous le premier facteur semblent représenter des attitudes plus restrictives (c'est-à dire moins permissives) envers la sexualité des aînés. Par contre, les énoncés regroupés sous le deuxième facteur semblent représenter des attitudes plus empathiques. La validité de cette structure d'attitudes bidimensionnelle semble être soutenue par la nature prédictive d'un certain nombre de variables y compris la religiosité, l'angoisse face ' la mort, la visibilité de la sexualité des personnes âges et l'âge. On se sert également de cette attitude bidimensionnelle sous-jacente pour interpréter des résultats contradictoires précédents concernant les attitudes des prestateurs de soins envers la sexualité des aînés. ABSTRACT The present study examined the ability of the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitude Scale (ASKAS) to assess individuals' attitudes toward elderly sexuality. The instrument's primary assumption, that individuals' attitudes toward elderly sexuality are one dimensional, was challenged. Four hundred and fifty-eight college students, with a mean age of 27 (s.d. = 8.67), completed the attitude subscale of the ASKAS, responded to a series of elderly sexuality attitude items constructed by the authors, and provided self-report information regarding a number of demographic and personality variables. A factor analysis of all attitude items revealed a two factor solution in which items loading on the first factor appeared to represent more restrictive (i.e. less permissive) attitudes toward elderly sexuality, whereas items loading on the second factor appeared to represent more empathic attitudes. The validity of this bivariate attitude structure appears to be supported by the differentially predictive nature of a number of subject variables including religiosity, death anxiety, salience of elderly sexuality, and age. The discovery of this underlying, two factor attitude solution also is used to interpret previously discrepant findings regarding health care providers' attitudes toward elderly sexuality.
Youths who sexually harm: A multivariate model of behaviour

Abstract This study investigates the variations in behaviour displayed by young people who sexually harm, as previous research has shown that they are not a homogeneous sample. Three conceptually distinct sets of behaviour were hypothesized, relating to various modes of interaction between the young people with harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) and their victim, victim as object, victim as person and victim as vehicle. Thirty-three behaviours were drawn from an extensive review of the files of 300 youths who had sexually harmed. The pattern of co-occurrence of the presence or absence of these behaviours was revealed by a multidimensional scaling procedure, Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). The results provide empirical support for three distinct behavioural themes; 258 (86%) of the youths could be assigned to one dominant mode of interaction (victim as object, victim as person or victim as vehicle). The findings have implications for the ways in which practitioners differentiate between young people with HSB.
Increasing advertising effectiveness through incongruity-based tactics: The moderating role of consumer involvement

Developing effective advertising communication has been traditionally regarded as an increasing function of the fit between consumers' perceptions and the content of the transmitted messages. Given that, relevant research has given only limited attention to the consideration of incongruent and dissonant communication. Against this background, the present study explores how consumers react to brand information that is in conflict with established perceptions. The moderating role of consumer involvement in the decision process is also examined. Consistent with predictions, the results support a positive effect for moderately incongruent communication, which, however, is attenuated in high-involvement decisions. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Is Peri-Operative Steroid Replacement Therapy Necessary for the Pituitary Adenomas Treated with Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Background Patients with pituitary adenomas usually receive “stress dose” steroids in the peri-operative peroids. Though randomized controlled trials(RCT) have not been performed to assess the necessity of steroid coverage, there are several studies that explained the changes of adrenal function during peri-operative peroids. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether it is necessary to employ conventional peri-operative glucocorticoid replacement therapy to all the patients undergoing surgery. Methods We searched studies addressing peri-operative steroids coverage for pituitary adenomas in the Web of Science, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Then we extracted studies about peri-operative morning serum cortisol(MSC) levels, morbidity of early postoperative adrenal insufficiency, postoperative diabetes insipidus, relationships between MSC levels and adrenal integrity. We used RevMan Software to combine the results for meta-analysis. We used fixed-effects models for there was no significant heterogeneity existed. Findings There are 18 studies from 11 countries published between 1987 and 2013 including 1224 patients. The postoperative serum cortisol levels were significantly increased compared with the preoperative one in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPAA) functions preserved patients(P<0.00001). The morbidity of early postoperative adrenal insufficiency ranged from 0.96% to 12.90%, with the overall morbidity of 5.55%(41/739). There was no significant differences of early postoperative diabetes insipidus between no supplementation patients and in supplementation patients(P=0.82). Conversely, there may be some disadvantages of high levels of cortisols such as high incidence of osteopenia and bone derangement and even the increased mortality rate. The patients with MSC levels of less than 60 nmol/l at 3 days after operation is considered as adrenal insufficient and more than 270 nmol/l as adrenal sufficient. To patients with MSC levels of 60–270 nmol/l, we need more clinical data to establish further cortisol supplementation criteria.
Personality variables, self-esteem and depression and an individual's perception of God

A person's perception of God is likely to be consistent with their personality. To investigate this relationship, three hypotheses were tested: first, that perceiving God as caring would be associated with positive personality characteristics, higher levels of self-esteem and lower levels of depression; second, that perceiving God as present in daily life would be associated with a sense of well being; and third, that perceiving God as negative would be associated with negative personality characteristics. The sample consisted of 132 females and 69 males, all reporting themselves to be regular churchgoing Anglicans. All respondents completed the Religious Status Inventory (RSI, Hadlock, 1988; Massey, 1988); the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, Derogatis & Spencer, 1982); the MMPI-2 (Greene, 2000), Self-Liking Self-Competence Scale (Tafarodi & Swann, 1995) as part of a battery of tests. Three dependent variables were constructed out of the Religious Status Inventory. God Cares , describing God as caring, God in Life , describing God as present in life, and Negative Image of God , describing God in negative terms. For females, Self-Liking significantly, positively predicted scores on all three variables. For males, Depression negatively predicted God Cares . Rebelliousness negatively predicted, and Artistry and Self-Liking positively predicted God in Life . Self-Competence negatively predicted and Depression positively predicted Negative Image of God . Personality characteristics may interact with a person's inner representations of God, so that how one perceives oneself influences how one sees God.
Dissociable prefrontal brain systems for attention and emotion

The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in a variety of attentional, executive, and mnemonic mental operations, yet its functional organization is still highly debated. The present study used functional MRI to determine whether attentional and emotional functions are segregated into dissociable prefrontal networks in the human brain. Subjects discriminated infrequent and irregularly presented attentional targets (circles) from frequent standards (squares) while novel distracting scenes, parametrically varied for emotional arousal, were intermittently presented. Targets differentially activated middle frontal gyrus, posterior parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Novel distracters activated inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus, with significantly stronger activation evoked by the emotional scenes. The anterior cingulate gyrus was the only brain region with equivalent responses to attentional and emotional stimuli. These results show that attentional and emotional functions are segregated into parallel dorsal and ventral streams that extend into prefrontal cortex and are integrated in the anterior cingulate. These findings may have implications for understanding the neural dynamics underlying emotional distractibility on attentional tasks in affective disorders.
Developmental mentoring, relationship quality and school adjustment: the Chapel Buddy programme

This prospective mixed methods longitudinal study examined the connection between mentor–mentee relationship quality and school adjustment amongst students participating in the Chapel Buddy programme, a developmental mentoring programme. Thirty-one sixth graders were paired with 29 kindergarteners for the duration of the school year. Sixth-grade reports of relationship quality had a significant main effect on predicting the self-reported school adjustment of the kindergarten students at the end of the year. Additionally, regression analyses indicated that relationship satisfaction of the sixth-grader students predicted teacher-reported academic adjustment of the sixth graders. Qualitative analyses of parents' perspectives of the Chapel Buddy programme indicated parents believed the programme eased the transition to school. This study concludes that developmental mentoring has a positive influence on school adjustment, specifically school connectedness, for mentors as well as the mentees, and such a programme can be successful for fostering adjustment to elementary and middle school.
Leadership, personal traits and job characteristics in R&D organizations: a Taiwanese case

Explores how leadership affects the job characteristics of R&D professionals in Taiwan by incorporating personal traits as the covariables. Defines leadership as the interaction of the directive and supportive styles, with directive emphasizing actions for getting the jobs done, and supportive focusing on doing favours for enhancing creativity. Data were collected from three major types of R&D organization – the government, the private, and the military, in Taiwan. The consistently overall effect of the supportive leadership on the job characteristics model across different types of organization in the test is evidence of the importance of the supervisory role in enriching the R&D jobs. Interprets differences between organizations in terms of their backgrounds and management practices. Discusses the implications of the findings for strengthening the effectiveness of leadership in managing R&D professionals. Though the study was based on R&D professionals in Taiwan, the conclusions should offer a perspecti.
‘Explain to your partner’: teachers' instructional practices and students' dialogue in small groups

Collaborative group work has great potential to promote student learning, and increasing evidence exists about the kinds of interaction among students that are necessary to achieve this potential. Less often studied is the role of the teacher in promoting effective group collaboration. This article investigates the extent to which teachers' instructional practices were related to small‐group dialogue in four urban elementary mathematics classrooms in the US. Using videotaped and audiotaped recordings of whole‐class and small‐group discussions, we examined the extent to which teachers pressed students to explain their thinking during their interventions with small groups and during whole‐class discussions, and we explored the relationship between teachers' practices and the nature and extent of students' explaining during collaborative group work. While teachers used a variety of instructional practices to structure and orchestrate students' dialogue in small groups, only probing students' explanations to uncover details of their thinking and problem‐solving strategies exhibited a strong relationship with student explaining. Implications for future research, professional development, and teacher education are discussed.
The Legionella pneumophila PilT Homologue DotB Exhibits ATPase Activity That Is Critical for Intracellular Growth

ABSTRACT The ability of Legionella pneumophila to grow and cause disease in the host is completely dependent on a type IV secretion system known as the Dot/Icm complex. This membrane-spanning apparatus translocates effector molecules into host cells in a process that is poorly understood but that is known to require the putative ATPase DotB. One possible role for DotB is suggested by its similarity to the PilT family of proteins, which mediate pilus retraction. To better understand the molecular behavior of DotB, we have purified the protein and shown that it forms stable homohexameric rings and hydrolyzes ATP with a specific activity of 6.4 nmol of ATP/min/mg of protein. ATPase activity is critical to the function of DotB, as alteration of the conserved Walker box lysine residue resulted in a mutant protein, DotB K162Q, which failed to bind or hydrolyze ATP and which could not complement a ΔdotB strain for intracellular growth in macrophages. Consistent with the ability of DotB to interact with itself, the dotBK162Q allele exhibited transdominance over wild-type dotB, providing the first example of such a mutation in L. pneumophila. Finally, the DotB K162Q mutant protein had a significantly enhanced membrane localization in L. pneumophila compared to wild-type DotB, suggesting a relationship between nucleotide binding and membrane association. These results are consistent with a model in which DotB cycles between the cytoplasm and the Dot/Icm complex at the membrane, where it hydrolyzes nucleotides to provide energy to the complex.
Perceptions of the ‘Occupational Other’: Interpreters, Social Workers and Intercultures

This article investigates occupational intercultures generated between interpreters and social workers, and is informed by research in Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Bourdieusian concepts of field, habitus and zones of uncertainty are used to illuminate the particular status of interpreter mediation within the interculture as a backdrop to theorising about the impact of interpreter mediation on the nature of social workers? change agency and reflexive approaches to practice. The article reports on an exploratory and mixed-methods qualitative study in which interpreters and social workers in statutory and non-statutory services were interviewed about their perceptions of the ? occupational Other? , and in which a discourse-analytical approach to the data helped take account of the researcher? s position as an insider of the interpreting community in the final analytic write-up. The findings suggest that the interculture can often be weakened due to poor understandings of the structural weaknesses in the constitution of public service interpreting and the ? recontextualising? practices that occur in interaction; furthermore, interpreter mediation appears to challenge communicative practices in social work in ways that practitioners do not always have the resources to address effectively. The article ends with a call for more research at the micro level of interaction.