Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demora de la recuperación en el efecto de información engañosa

Resumen En este estudio se investiga la influencia de dos variables relevantes para la magnitud del efecto de información engañosa. La demora transcurrida entre la percepción del suceso (accidente de tráfico) y la prueba de recuperación; y la redacción de las preguntas críticas del cuestionario post-suceso, que implica información sugerida de distinto carácter perceptivo: un objeto concreto congruente (señal de stop), y una sugestión más sutil a través del verbo empleado para describir el accidente (chocar vs. empotrarse). Los resultados indican que en condiciones de demora los sujetos aceptan esa señal de tráfico, e incluso la enriquecen con información contextual. Por otro lado, sus estimaciones inmediatas de velocidades y tiempos son más elevadas cuando se describe el accidente como un “empotramiento” que cuando se describe como un “choque”, y con la demora esas estimaciones se ajustan más al esquema de interpretación del accidente proporcionado. Por tanto, cuando se facilita el debilitamiento o deterioro de la memoria original (recuperación demorada), los sujetos atribuyen erróneamente información concreta, que han embellecido contextualmente, al suceso original y, además, el esquema de interpretación proporcionado se hace más relevante.
The rise of offshoring: it's not wine for cloth anymore

In 1817, when David Ricardo penned his celebrated treatise on The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, communication between England and Portugal was no faster and only slightly less costly than shipping wine or cloth from one country to the other. Most goods were produced in a single location, as fragmentation of the production process was uneconomic in a world in which the coordination of production activities in remote locations was difficult if not impossible. No wonder Ricardo illustrated his principle of comparative advantage with an example involving the exchange of one good for another.
The Dynamic Beveridge Curve

In aggregate U.S. data, exogenous shocks to labor productivity induce highly persistent and hump-shaped responses to both the vacancy-unemployment ratio and employment. We show that the standard version of the Mortensen-Pissarides matching model fails to replicate this dynamic pattern due to the rapid responses of new job openings. We extend the model by introducing a sunk cost for creating job positions, motivated by the well-known fact that worker turnover exceeds job turnover. In the matching model with sunk costs, new job openings react sluggishly to shocks, leading to highly realistic dynamics
Learning to recommend with social trust ensemble

As an indispensable technique in the field of Information Filtering, Recommender System has been well studied and developed both in academia and in industry recently. However, most of current recommender systems suffer the following problems: (1) The large-scale and sparse data of the user-item matrix seriously affect the recommendation quality. As a result, most of the recommender systems cannot easily deal with users who have made very few ratings. (2) The traditional recommender systems assume that all the users are independent and identically distributed; this assumption ignores the connections among users, which is not consistent with the real world recommendations. Aiming at modeling recommender systems more accurately and realistically, we propose a novel probabilistic factor analysis framework, which naturally fuses the users' tastes and their trusted friends' favors together. In this framework, we coin the term Social Trust Ensemble to represent the formulation of the social trust restrictions on the recommender systems. The complexity analysis indicates that our approach can be applied to very large datasets since it scales linearly with the number of observations, while the experimental results show that our method performs better than the state-of-the-art approaches.
Stigma and mental illness : are there cultural differences?

Most of the stigma research to date has been completed in western cultures. Not much is currently known about stigma towards mental illness in non-western cultures. Limited research has also been conducted with young people. Given that adolescence is a critical stage in the development of attitudes and identity formation, it seems an important time to investigate attitudes towards mental illness. The study investigated whether there were cultural differences in stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental illness, comparing British and Pakistani adolescents living in the UK. Factors shown to influence stigma were also examined. These included labelling of mental illness, familiarity with mental illness and perceived causal attributions. A quantitative non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. In total 100 adolescents (54 British and 46 Pakistani) completed the survey (online or paper based). Participants were asked to read a vignette describing a person with psychosis and complete a series of questionnaires relating to it. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in stigma between the two cultural groups. Pakistani adolescents considered that supernatural causes and immoral life style were more likely to cause mental illness. British adolescents were more likely to provide the correct psychiatric diagnosis for the problem described in the vignette. Both groups were found to have similar levels of contact with individuals with mental illness. Future research is needed to develop a better understanding of how mental illness is constructed and construed in non-western cultures. Additional studies are also required with adolescents. This would allow the development of culturally sensitive services and appropriate anti-stigma campaigns. The application of existing stigma models to non-western cultures and adolescents should be further investigated. The social psychological model appears to be a useful framework that could be used to aid our understanding of stigma in both populations.
On the structure of organic‐coated water droplets: From “net water attractors” to “oily” drops

[1] Organic-coated aerosols are believed to play an important role in atmospheric processes thereby influencing global climate. In our earlier works involving water droplets coated with hydrocarbon chains (12C, dodecanoic acid) we found that these particles prefer an inverted micelle structure with an aqueous core and a hydrophobic surface. Such particles maintained their overall spherical shapes (with a spherical water-fatty acid interface) leading to a negative surface tension. Consequently, such particles were seen to be net “water attractors” despite a hydrophobic surface. In this paper, we report the results of molecular dynamics studies, in which we investigated the effect of fatty acid chain length, chain branching, and terminal group on the morphology and properties of water droplets coated with organics. It has been seen that for particles coated with longer/branched surfactants, the fatty acid chains tend to align parallel to each other, forcing local flattening and significant distortion of the underlying water substrate. Sticking coefficient calculations of water vapor on such particles showed that these newly formed particles behave in a manner that is consistent with an “oily” surface as opposed to particles with shorter chains that can process water and are “net water attractors. ”
Leukaemia‐associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) are observed in 90% of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: detection in remission marrow predicts outcome

Analysis of differentiation antigens on leukaemic blasts is routinely done for diagnostic purposes, i.e. determination of stage of differentiation and lineage assignment. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemias are also frequently characterized by a leukaemia‐associated immunophenotype (LAIP), either the coexpression of differentiation antigens physiologically restricted to other stages of differentiation (asynchronous LAIP) or cell lineages (aberrant LAIP). We defined LAIP in 241 consecutive unselected B‐lineage (n = 193) and T‐lineage (n = 48) ALL by three‐colour flow cytometry using directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies. The incidence of LAIP was found to be 91.7%. In 63% of patients two to six leukaemia‐associated expression patterns were detected. In order to study the specificity of LAIP in a therapy‐relevant setting, remission bone marrow samples from patients with B‐lineage ALL were analysed for the expression of T‐lineage‐associated phenotypes on the normal bone marrow cells and vice versa. The frequency of all T‐lineage LAIP+ cells and all aberrant B‐lineage LAIP+ cells was <1% in regenerating bone marrow samples at different timepoints. The incidence and clinical significance of LAIP+ cells was studied in 196 remission marrows of 70 ALL patients (55 remaining in CCR, 14 with bone marrow relapse, one with isolated CNS relapse). The presence of >1% LAIP+ at two consecutive timepoints predicted 5/8 bone marrow relapses in B‐lineage ALL. The occurrence of LAIP+ cells >1% in T‐lineage ALL after induction therapy predicted relapse in 7/7 cases. In conclusion, flow cytometric detection of LAIP+ cells appears to be a powerful tool for the prediction of outcome in ALL.
Changes produced in extra-virgin olive oils from cv. Coratina during a prolonged storage treatment.

Baiano A. , Terracone C. , Viggiani I. , Del Nobile M.A. (2014): Changes produced in extra-virgin olive oils from cv. Coratina during a prolonged storage treatment. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 1–9. Extra-virgin oil is obtained from olive fruits only by mechanical means. The quality of extra-virgin olive oils is affected mainly by hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. For this reason, the commercial shelf-life is usually no longer than 18 months. In order to investigate the effects of a prolonged storage, olives from cv. Coratina were crushed using a three phase system to produce extra virgin olive oil analysed for sensory and chemical-physical indices, phenolic profile, tocopherol content, and antioxidant activity during a 8-years storage. The oil lost its characteristics of extra-virgin after 6 years of storage, time at which the median of the defects was higher than 0 and free acidity exceeded the limit fixed for this category by the European Regulation whereas the stability against oxidation persisted for a longer period due to the high concentration of oleuropein derivatives. A strong positive linear correlation was observed between the phenolic content and antioxidant activity measured according to the ABTS+. to indicate a noticeable radical scavenging ability of phenolic compounds.
A Cross-Modal System for Cell Migration Image Annotation and Retrieval

A multinet system, comprising SOM's linked via Hebbian connections, has been designed and implemented for automatically annotating and retrieving cell migration images. The collateral compound keywords used in image captions and elsewhere in the text were used to train one SOM and colour moments of the image were used to train another SOM. A corpus of 1004 complex images and collateral texts was collated and the multinet system was trained to learn the association between the keywords and visual features. A test on a trial run of a smaller set of images (73 in all) showed that the multinet system outperformed single net systems and the k-means clustering.
Precipitating factors for systolic and diastolic heart failure: a four-year follow-up of 192 patients.

OBJECTIVES To investigate precipitating factors for systolic and diastolic heart failure. DESIGN Prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 192 patients with heart failure treated for 536 episodes of acute decompensation of heart failure from 1998 to 2002. The patients were classified as having systolic or diastolic heart failure, and grouped according to aetiology and precipitating factors. RESULTS Coronary heart disease was the most common cause of systolic heart failure, whereas rheumatic heart disease was the most frequent cause of diastolic heart failure. The most important precipitating factors in systolic heart failure were infections (38%), arrhythmias (35%), and vascular causes (24%), whereas the precipitating factors in diastolic heart failure were infections (50%), arrhythmias (46%), and uncontrolled hypertension (26%). Avoidable precipitating factors in systolic and diastolic heart failure were noted in 34% and 68% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Better patient education and better follow-up of patients by physicians according to the most recent guidelines may decrease the frequency of heart failure events and consequent morbidity and mortality.
Program for the Prevention of Smoking in Secondary School Students

Background and Objective. School smoking prevention programs have never yielded the expected results. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an intensive smoking prevention program created by the educational community in which it was to be applied. Population and Method. A 3-year smoking prevention program was carried out among the students of Fuentesaúco Secondary School in Zamora, Spain. The Babilafuente Secondary School in Salamanca, Spain was the control group. The program included both prevention and treatment activities. The former were carried out in the school, in out-of-school situations, and in the community. The questionnaire of the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach was used. Results. A total of 417 students aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study. Of these, 54.4% belonged to the intervention group and 45.6% to the control group. Smokers represented 36.7% of the population. After the intervention smokers represented 40.1% of the Fuentesaúco students compared with 46.1% of the Babilafuente students, though the difference was not statistically significant. With respect to the cognitive determinants of smoking behavior, after the intervention significant differences in favor of the intervention group were only observed in the subjects’ perception of the behavior of their siblings, peers, and teachers. Conclusions. The use of smoking prevention programs in schools should be reconsidered, and their evaluation should be based on educational rather than clinical criteria. Proposed changes in the program include decreasing its intensity, starting with students of an earlier age and seeking greater involvement of parents. © 2007 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. Programa de prevención del tabaquismo en alumnos de enseñanza secundaria
New Frontiers of Reverse Engineering

Comprehending and modifying software is at the heart of many software engineering tasks, and this explains the growing interest that software reverse engineering has gained in the last 20 years. Broadly speaking, reverse engineering is the process of analyzing a subject system to create representations of the system at a higher level of abstraction. This paper briefly presents an overview of the field of reverse engineering, reviews main achievements and areas of application, and highlights key open research issues for the future.
Ultrasound‐assisted three‐phase partitioning of polyphenol oxidase from potato peel (Solanum tuberosum)

Conventional three phase partitioning (TPP) and ultrasound assisted three phase partitioning (UATPP) were optimized for achieving the maximum extraction and purification of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from waste potato peels. Different process parameters such as ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 concentration, crude extract to t‐butanol ratio, time, temperature and pH were studied for conventional TPP. Except agitation speed, the similar parameters were also optimized for UATPP. Further additional parameters were also studied for UATPP viz. irradiation time at different frequencies, duty cycle and, rated power in order to obtain the maximum purification factor and recovery of PPO. The optimized conditions for conventional TPP were (NH4)2SO4 0‐40% (w/v), extract to t‐butanol ratio 1:1 (v/v), time 40 min and pH 7 at 30°C. These conditions provided 6.3 purification factor and 70% recovery of PPO from bottom phase. On the other hand, UATPP gives maximum purification fold of 19.7 with 98.3% recovery under optimized parameters which includes (NH4)2SO4 0‐40% (w/v), crude extract to t‐butanol ratio 1: 1 (v/v) pH 7, irradiation time 5 min with 25 kHz, duty cycle 40% and rated power 150W at 30°C. UATPP delivers higher purification factor and % recovery of PPO along with reduced operation time from 40 min to 5 min when compared with TPP. SDS PAGE showed partial purification of PPO enzyme with UATPP with molecular weight in the range of 26‐36 kDa. Results reveal that UATPP would be an attractive option for the isolation and purification of PPO without need of multiple steps. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:1340–1347, 2015
Neuroplasticity of the Sensorimotor Cortex during Learning

We will discuss some of the current issues in understanding plasticity in the sensorimotor (SM) cortices on the behavioral, neurophysiological, and synaptic levels. We will focus our paper on reaching and grasping movements in the rat. In addition, we will discuss our preliminary work utilizing inhibition of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), which has recently been shown necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) (Ling et al., 2002). With this new knowledge and inhibitors to this system, as well as the ability to overexpress this system, we can start to directly modulate LTP and determine its influence on behavior as well as network level processing dependent at least in part due to this form of LTP. We will also briefly introduce the use of brain machine interface (BMI) paradigms to ask questions about sensorimotor plasticity and discuss current analysis techniques that may help in our understanding of neuroplasticity.
Localization in underwater sensor networks: survey and challenges

In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), determining the location of every sensor is important and the process of estimating the location of each node in a sensor network is known as localization. While various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, there are relatively few localization schemes for UWSNs. The characteristics of underwater sensor networks are fundamentally different from that of terrestrial networks. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized by harsh physical layer environments with stringent bandwidth limitations. The variable speed of sound and the long propagation delays under water pose a unique set of challenges for localization in UWSN. This paper explores the different localization algorithms that are relevant to underwater sensor networks, and the challenges in meeting the requirements posed by emerging applications for such networks, e.g. offshore engineering.
Statistical Model for Random Telegraph Noise in Flash Memories

This paper presents a new physics-based statistical model for random telegraph noise in Flash memories. From the probabilistic superposition of elementary Markov processes describing the trapping/detrapping events taking place in the cell tunnel oxide, the model can explain the main features of the random telegraph noise threshold-voltage instability. The results on the statistical distribution of the threshold-voltage difference between two subsequent read accesses show good agreement between measurements and model predictions, even considering the time drift of the distribution tails. Moreover, the model gives a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the oxide defects responsible for the random telegraph noise, allowing a spatial and energetic localization of the traps involved in the threshold-voltage instability process.
Functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in O-2A glial precursor cells: a critical role in regulating polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule expression and cell migration

The capacity for long-distance migration of the oligodendrocyte precursor cell, oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A), is essential for myelin formation. To study the molecular mechanisms that control this process, we used an in vitro migration assay that uses neurohypophysial explants. We provide evidence that O-2A cells in these preparations express functional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, most likely as homomeric complexes of the NR1 subunit. We show that NMDA evokes an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ that can be blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 and by Mg2+. Blocking the activity of these receptors dramatically diminished O-2A cell migration from explants. We also show that NMDA receptor activity is necessary for the expression by O-2A cells of the highly sialylated polysialic acid- neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) that is required for their migration. Thus, glutamate or glutamate receptor ligands may regulate O- 2A cell migration by modulating expression of PSA-NCAM. These studies demonstrate how interactions between ionotropic receptors, intracellular signaling, and cell adhesion molecule expression influence cell surface properties, which in turn are critical determinants of cell migration.
Linguistic Regularities in Continuous Space Word Representations

Continuous space language models have recently demonstrated outstanding results across a variety of tasks. In this paper, we examine the vector-space word representations that are implicitly learned by the input-layer weights. We find that these representations are surprisingly good at capturing syntactic and semantic regularities in language, and that each relationship is characterized by a relation-specific vector offset. This allows vector-oriented reasoning based on the offsets between words. For example, the male/female relationship is automatically learned, and with the induced vector representations, “King Man + Woman” results in a vector very close to “Queen. ” We demonstrate that the word vectors capture syntactic regularities by means of syntactic analogy questions (provided with this paper), and are able to correctly answer almost 40% of the questions. We demonstrate that the word vectors capture semantic regularities by using the vector offset method to answer SemEval-2012 Task 2 questions. Remarkably, this method outperforms the best previous systems.
Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and Pioneer 10 Lyα Data and Their Interpretation

The Voyager 1 (V1), Voyager 2 (V2), and Pioneer 10 (P10) Lyα data sets are three of several diagnostic data sets available for the study of the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). Selected V1 data obtained on 1989 day 279 at heliocentric distance of 39.1 AU in the upstream direction relative to the incoming interstellar neutral hydrogen flow and V2 data obtained on 1990 day 143 at heliocentric distance of 32 AU, also in the upstream direction, have been used to estimate the local interstellar neutral hydrogen and proton densities and compared with P10 data obtained in 1981 at distances between 23.39 and 23.87 AU in the downstream direction, respectively. State-of-the-art plasma-neutral and radiative transfer models have been used in the interpretation of the data. It has been found that a VLISM heliospheric model with neutral hydrogen density of 0.18 cm-3 and proton density of 0.06 cm-3 best fits both the V1 data and the V2 data. The P10 data are best fitted by a VLISM model with neutral hydrogen density of 0.15 cm-3 and proton density of 0.05 cm-3. The failure to find a single best-fit stationary heliosphere plasma-neutral model suggests, among other possibilities, that a quantitative interpretation of the heliospheric Lyα glow would require the incorporation of magnetic field and time dependence in the heliospheric model.