Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Prosthesis Design on Vibration of the Reconstructed Ossicular Chain: A Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Four Prostheses

Hypothesis It was hypothesized that the differences in the bioacoustic performance of ossicular replacement prosthesis designs, and insertion positions, could be quantified using finite element analysis. Background Many designs of prosthesis are available for middle ear surgery. The materials used, and the shape of the implants, differ widely. Advances in computer simulation technologies offer the possibility of replicating the in vivo behavior of the different prostheses. If this can be achieved, insight into the design attributes required for improved biofunctionality may be gained. Methods Micro-computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used to obtain geometric information that was translated into a finite element model of the outer and middle ear. The forced frequency response across the hearing range of the normal middle ear was compared with the middle ear reconstructed with partial and total ossicular replacement prostheses. Results The amplitude of vibration of the footplate was more similar to that of the normal ear when a Kurz total ossicular replacement prosthesis was implanted than when a Xomed total ossicular replacement prosthesis was implanted. This may be attributed to the latter's titanium link. Partial ossicular replacement prostheses were stiffest and had lower umbo vibrations and higher stapedial footplate vibrations. In all cases but one, the vibration of the prostheses had resonances that caused the vibration of the stapes footplate to be noticeably different from normal. Conclusion The authors confirmed the hypothesis that finite element modeling can be used to predict the differences in the response of ossicular replacement prostheses. This study shows that computer simulation can potentially be used to test or optimize the vibroacoustic characteristics of middle ear implants.
The effective rate of influenza reassortment is limited during human infection

We characterise the evolutionary dynamics of influenza infection described by viral sequence data collected from two challenge studies conducted in human hosts. Viral sequence data were collected at regular intervals from infected hosts. Changes in the sequence data observed across time show that the within-host evolution of the virus was driven by the reversion of variants acquired during previous passaging of the virus. Treatment of some patients with oseltamivir on the first day of infection did not lead to the emergence of drug resistance variants in patients. Using an evolutionary model, we inferred the effective rate of reassortment between viral segments, measuring the extent to which randomly chosen viruses within the host exchange genetic material. We find strong evidence that the rate of effective reassortment is low, such that genetic associations between polymorphic loci in different segments are preserved during the course of an infection in a manner not compatible with epistasis. Combining our evidence with that of previous studies we suggest that spatial heterogeneity in the viral population may reduce the extent to which reassortment is observed. Our results do not contradict previous findings of high rates of viral reassortment in vitro and in small animal studies, but indicate that in human hosts the effective rate of reassortment may be substantially more limited.
A small molecule Inauhzin inhibits SIRT1 activity and suppresses tumour growth through activation of p53

Although ∼50% of all types of human cancers harbour wild‐type TP53, this p53 tumour suppressor is often deactivated through a concerted action by its abnormally elevated suppressors, MDM2, MDMX or SIRT1. Here, we report a novel small molecule Inauhzin (INZ) that effectively reactivates p53 by inhibiting SIRT1 activity, promotes p53‐dependent apoptosis of human cancer cells without causing apparently genotoxic stress. Moreover, INZ stabilizes p53 by increasing p53 acetylation and preventing MDM2‐mediated ubiquitylation of p53 in cells, though not directly in vitro. Remarkably, INZ inhibits cell proliferation, induces senescence and tumour‐specific apoptosis, and represses the growth of xenograft tumours derived from p53‐harbouring H460 and HCT116 cells without causing apparent toxicity to normal tissues and the tumour‐bearing SCID mice. Hence, our study unearths INZ as a novel anti‐cancer therapeutic candidate that inhibits SIRT1 activity and activates p53.
Semantic priming of occupational performance in persons who stutt er : effec ts of movement performance in a reaching occupation

The objective of this study was to explore semantic priming as it relates to occupational performance in persons who stutter (PWS). Seven PWS and seven persons who do not stutter (PWNS) were matched on age, gender, and handedness to participate in the study. Each participant performed a reaching task that involved moving a water bottle from a coaster to a shelf and returning his or her hand to a defined starting position. Prior to initiating movement, each participant read aloud or silently one of five randomized and counterbalanced task-related words (i.e., reach, grasp, lift, place, return) or experienced a control condition. Each participant completed thirty-three trials. Overall results were not statistically significant (p 0.5). Movement time was not significantly shorter and peak velocity was not significantly greater when reading aloud or silently as compared to not reading; differences in reach peak velocity in the Z-axis demonstrated small effect sizes when reading aloud as compared to silently; and small and moderate effect sizes were evident when comparing the movement patterns of PWS and PWNS. Though the results of the present study were not statistically significant, a general semantic priming effect may exist in light of previous research and significant kinematic variables identified in the study. Furthermore, various populations may present with different movement patterns due to differences in developmental structure at the neuronal level, which warrants a deeper investigation in future research. Semantic priming is a simple intervention technique that may have the potential to positively influence occupational performance and deserves further research. SEMANTIC PRIMING IN PERSONS WHO STUTTER 3
Conditions for Effective Children’s Participation, according to Children’s Voices

This study focuses on the conditions that children’s participation experiences that take place in different educational settings, such as the school, leisure education and children’s councils, should fulfill. Our findings are based on a multiple case study performed in six educational experiences, in which the information is provided by the main figures of the participation: the children involved. The children’s inputs allow us to identify three categories that define the conditions of children’s participation for the latter to be meaningful and authentic: (1) the acknowledgement of the rights of childhood; (2) how the participation-based experience works, and finally (3) the role of the educators. It transpires that the conditions stated by the children coincide greatly with the ones indicated by different authors in their theoretical proposals.
Ranking Refactoring Suggestions Based on Historical Volatility

The widespread acceptance of refactorings as a simple yet effective approach to improve the design of object-oriented systems, has stimulated an effort to develop semi-automatic tools for detecting design flaws, with simultaneous suggestions for their removal. However, even in medium-sized projects the number of detected occurrences can be so large that the refactoring process becomes intractable for the designer. It is reasonable to expect that some of the suggested refactorings will have a significant effect on the improvement of maintainability while others might be less important. This implies that the suggested solutions can be ranked according to one or more criteria. In this paper we propose the exploitation of past source code versions in order to rank refactoring suggestions according to the number, proximity and extent of changes related with the corresponding code smells. The underlying philosophy is that code fragments which have been subject to maintenance tasks in the past, are more likely to undergo changes in a future version and thus refactorings involving the corresponding code should have a higher priority. To this end, historical volatility models drawn from the field of forecasting risk in financial markets, are investigated as measures expressing the urgency to resolve a given design problem. The approach has been integrated into an existing smell detection Eclipse plug-in, while the evaluation results focus on the forecast accuracy of the examined models.
The effect of latency and network limitations on MMORPGs: a field study of everquest2

Networked games are becoming more and more important in the last years. One of the current game evolutions is creating massive virtual environments, so called MMORPGs (massive multiplayer online role-playing games). Those game types exist for more than 10 years, but the market and the number of products grew incredibly strong in the last two years.With such an evolution comes the need for new techniques to cope with special problem fields such as effects of latency with 200 and more players. Thus understanding and pointing out the new problem fields will help to design fitting solutions for expansions like a mobile MMORPG version.This paper will give a brief introduction into the MMORPG history. Furthermore it will evaluate certain latency problems in a field study of Everquest2, referring to the previous work at "Overviewing Scientific Research for (Mobile) Gaming" and point out possibilities to design MMO(RP)Gs in a mobile content.
The analogical modeling of linguistic categories

abstract In recent years proponents of usage-based linguistics have singled out ‘categorization’ as possibly the fundamental cognitive operation underlying the acquisition and use of language. Despite this increasing appeal to the importance of categorization, few researchers have yet offered explicit interpretations of how linguistic categories might be represented in the brain other than vague allusions to prototype theory, especially as implemented in connectionist-like frameworks. In this paper, I discuss in some detail the implications of superimposing the theoretical representations of linguistic structures onto domain-general models of categorization. I first review the evidence that instance-based, or exemplar-based, models of categorization provide empirically and theoretically better models of both domain-general categorization and of linguistic categorization than do the most commonly cited alternative models. I then argue that of the three exemplar-based models currently being applied to linguistic data, Skousen’s Analogical Model (AM) appears to provide the simplest, most straightforward account of the data and that it appears to be fully compatible with our current understanding of the psychological capabilities and operations that underlie categorization behavior.
Orbital stability of planets in binary systems: A new look at old results

Abstract About half of all known stellar systems with Sun-like stars consist of two or more stars, significantly affecting the orbital stability of any planet in these systems. This observational evidence has prompted a large array of theoretical research, including the derivation of mathematically stringent criteria for the orbital stability of planets in stellar binary systems, valid for the “coplanar circular restricted three-body problem”. In the following, we use these criteria to explore the validity of results from previous theoretical studies.
Real Time Quantification of Dangerousity in Football Using Spatiotemporal Tracking Data

This study describes an approach to quantification of attacking performance in football. Our procedure determines a quantitative representation of the probability of a goal being scored for every point in time at which a player is in possession of the ball–we refer to this as dangerousity. The calculation is based on the spatial constellation of the player and the ball, and comprises four components: (1) Zone describes the danger of a goal being scored from the position of the player on the ball, (2) Control stands for the extent to which the player can implement his tactical intention on the basis of the ball dynamics, (3) Pressure represents the possibility that the defending team prevent the player from completing an action with the ball and (4) Density is the chance of being able to defend the ball after the action. Other metrics can be derived from dangerousity by means of which questions relating to analysis of the play can be answered. Action Value represents the extent to which the player can make a situation more dangerous through his possession of the ball. Performance quantifies the number and quality of the attacks by a team over a period of time, while Dominance describes the difference in performance between teams. The evaluation uses the correlation between probability of winning the match (derived from betting odds) and performance indicators, and indicates that among Goal difference (r = .55), difference in Shots on Goal (r = .58), difference in Passing Accuracy (r = .56), Tackling Rate (r = .24) Ball Possession (r = .71) and Dominance (r = .82), the latter makes the largest contribution to explaining the skill of teams. We use these metrics to analyse individual actions in a match, to describe passages of play, and to characterise the performance and efficiency of teams over the season. For future studies, they provide a criterion that does not depend on chance or results to investigate the influence of central events in a match, various playing systems or tactical group concepts on success.
A low-voltage two-axis electromagnetically actuated micromirror with bulk silicon mirror plates and torsion bars

In this paper, a new micromirror structure has been proposed and fabricated. The proposed micromirror is electromagnetically actuated along two-axis at low voltage using an external magnetic field. The mirror plates and torsion bars are made of bulk silicon and the actuation coils are made of electroplated copper. The maximum deflection angles have been measured as /spl plusmn/4.35/spl deg/ for x-axis actuation and /spl plusmn/15.7/spl deg/ for y-axis actuation. The actuation voltages are below 4.2 V for x-axis actuation and 1.76 V for y-axis actuation, respectively.
STATES AND EMPIRES IN ANCIENT MESOAMERICA

Abstract Ancient Mesoamerican polities are an important source of data for considerations of state development, despite internal debate over their size and complexity. We review complex political units, usually referred to as “states” and “empires,” in ancient Mesoamerica and reach the following conclusions: these polities tended to be hegemonic, rather than territorial, in composition; they melded ritual and political action; and they utilized the ruler as a symbol of the “body politic. ” We also note the apparently larger size of most Maya polities as compared to other Mesoamerican city-states. Besides reviewing the commonalities among ancient Mesoamerican states, we also highlight the variation among these polities and the need to consider historic and archaeological data contextually in making interpretations of political structure.
End-to-end radio traffic sequence recognition with recurrent neural networks

We investigate sequence machine learning techniques on raw radio signal time-series data. By applying deep recurrent neural networks we learn to discriminate between several application layer traffic types on top of a constant envelope modulation without using an expert demodulation algorithm. We show that complex protocol sequences can be learned and used for both classification and generation tasks using this approach.
Computation of Stackelberg Equilibria of Finite Sequential Games

The Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept that describes optimal strategies to commit to: Player 1 (the leader) first commits to a strategy that is publicly announced, then Player 2 (the follower) plays a best response to the leader’s choice. We study the problem of computing Stackelberg equilibria in finite sequential (i.e., extensive-form) games and provide new exact algorithms, approximation algorithms, and hardness results for finding equilibria for several classes of such two-player games.
Long hitting time, slow decay of correlations and arithmetical properties

Let $\tau_r(x,x_0)$ be the time needed for a point $x$ to enter for the first time in a ball $B_r(x_0)$ centered in $x_0$, with small radius $r$. We construct a class of translations on the two torus having particular arithmetic properties (Liouville components with intertwined denominators of convergents) not satisfying a logarithm law, i.e. such that for generic $x,x_0$ \liminf_{r\to 0} \frac{\log \tau_r(x,x_0)}{-\log r} = \infty. By considering a suitable reparametrization of the flow generated by a suspension of this translation, using a previous construction by Fayad, we show the existence of a mixing system on three torus having the same properties. The speed of mixing of this example must be subpolynomial, because we also show that: in a system having polynomial decay of correlations the above ratio of logarithms (which is also called the lower hitting time indicator) is bounded (it is a function of the local dimension and the speed of correlation decay). More generally, this shows that reparametrizations of torus translations having a Liouville component cannot be polynomially mixing.
Robust adaptive meshes for implicit surfaces

This work introduces a robust algorithm for computing good polygonal approximations of implicit surfaces, where robustness entails recovering the exact topology of the implicit surface. Furthermore, the approximate triangle mesh adapts to the geometry and to the topology of the real implicit surface. This method generates an octree subdivided according to the interval evaluation of the implicit function in order to guarantee the robustness, and to the interval automatic differentiation in order to adapt the octree to the geometry of the implicit surface. The triangle mesh is then generated from that octree through an enhanced dual marching
Inequality in health care use among older people in the United Kingdom: an analysis of panel data

Horizontal equity in health care service use is an area that remains relatively unexamined in the literature on older people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of income-related inequity in the use of GP, inpatient, outpatient and dental services among individuals aged 65 and over in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2003 using a panel analysis of data from the British Household Panel Survey. The probability of GP, outpatient, dentist or inpatient service use between 1997 and 2003 was predicted using multiple random effects probit panel models, and the estimates used to calculate incomerelated horizontal inequity. The results indicate that individuals on a lower income are significantly less likely to visit a GP, specialist or dentist than the better-off, although they have significantly greater need (the reverse is seen for dental care). However, after adjusting for differences in need, horizontal inequity is found with utilization favouring those on a higher income for all service areas, but not significantly in hospital care.
Cell-free assembly of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum assembly was studied in a cell-free system using thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Incubation of rat hepatocyte rough and smooth microsomes in the presence of ATP, GTP, cytosol (Xenopus egg) and an ATP-regenerating system led to assembly of membrane networks comprising a central core of interconnecting smooth tubules continuous with peripherally located rough membrane cisternae. Glucose-6-phosphatase cytochemistry confirmed the endoplasmic reticulum origin of the reconstituted membranes. When both ATP and GTP were omitted from the incubation medium, or when GTP was replaced by a variety of nucleotide analogues, including GTP gamma S, membrane aggregates contained only unfused microsomes. The presence of GTP alone stimulated assembly of rough membrane cisternae but had no effect on smooth membranes. Smooth tubule formation occurred independent of cytosol and an ATP-regenerating system, but did require GTP and ATP. Omission of ATP, or replacement of this nucleotide with a variety of analogues, including ATP gamma S, prevented tubule formation but did not affect the assembly of the rough membrane cisternae. Morphometric studies revealed sequential formation of rough membrane cisternae (0-60 minutes) followed by appearance of interconnecting smooth tubules (> 60 minutes). The amount of rough membrane cisternae per membrane network diminished with time after 60 minutes; that of smooth tubules increased. Thus GTP is required for reconstitution of rough membrane cisternae, both GTP and ATP are required for smooth tubule formation, and assembly of smooth tubules occurs as an outgrowth (i.e. via tubulation) from rough membranes.
Physical Layer Network Security in the Full-Duplex Relay System

This paper investigates the secrecy performance of full-duplex relay (FDR) networks. The resulting analysis shows that FDR networks have better secrecy performance than half duplex relay networks, if the self-interference can be well suppressed. We also propose a full duplex jamming relay network, in which the relay node transmits jamming signals while receiving the data from the source. While the full duplex jamming scheme has the same data rate as the half duplex scheme, the secrecy performance can be significantly improved, making it an attractive scheme when the network secrecy is a primary concern. A mathematic model is developed to analyze secrecy outage probabilities for the half duplex, the full duplex and full duplex jamming schemes, and the simulation results are also presented to verify the analysis.
Security Analysis of the Diebold AccuVote-TS Voting Machine

This paper presents a fully independent security study of a Diebold AccuVote-TS voting machine, including its hardware and software. We obtained the machine from a private party. Analysis of the machine, in light of real election procedures, shows that it is vulnerable to extremely serious attacks. For example, an attacker who gets physical access to a machine or its removable memory card for as little as one minute could install malicious code; malicious code on a machine could steal votes undetectably, modifying all records, logs, and counters to be consistent with the fraudulent vote count it creates. An attacker could also create malicious code that spreads automatically and silently from machine to machine during normal election activities--a voting-machine virus. We have constructed working demonstrations of these attacks in our lab. Mitigating these threats will require changes to the voting machine's hardware and software and the adoption of more rigorous election procedures.
Outage Analysis of Decode-and-Forward Relaying Over Nakagami-  $m$  Fading Channels

In this letter, closed-form outage probability expressions are presented for an -relays dual-hop plus a direct link network, in which the decode-and-forward relaying protocol is employed. Our analysis significantly extends previous results on Rayleigh fading, considering a Nakagami- fading environment with either equal or distinct second hops fading parameters to average power ratios. Various numerical examples illustrate the proposed analysis.