Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topics in Absolute Anabelian Geometry I: Generalities

This paper forms the first part of a three-part series in which we treat various topics in absolute anabelian geometry from the point of view of developing abstract algorithms ,o r"software", that may be applied to abstract profinite groups that "just happen" to arise as (quotients of) ´ fundamental groups from algebraic geometry. One central theme of the present paper is the issue of understand- ing the gap between relative, "semi-absolute", and absolute anabelian geometry. We begin by studying various abstract combinatorial prop- erties of profinite groups that typically arise as absolute Galois groups or arithmetic/geometric fundamental groups in the anabelian geome- try of quite general varieties in arbitrary dimension over number fields, mixed-characteristic local fields, or finite fields. These considerations, combined with the classical theory of Albanese varieties, allow us to derive an absolute anabelian algorithm for constructing the quotient of an arithmetic fundamental group determined by the absolute Galois group of the base field in the case of quite general varieties of arbitrary dimension. Next, we take a more detailed look at certain p-adic Hodge- theoretic aspects of the absolute Galois groups of mixed-characteristic local fields. This allows us, for instance, to derive, from a certain result communicated orally to the author by A. Tamagawa, a "semi- absolute" Hom-version — whose absolute analogue is false! — of the anabelian conjecture for hyperbolic curves over mixed-characteristic lo- cal fields. Finally, we generalize to the case of varieties of arbitrary dimension over arbitrary sub-p-adic fields certain techniques devel- oped by the author in previous papers over mixed-characteristic local fields for applying relative anabelian results to obtain "semi-absolute" group-theoretic contructions of thefundamental group of one hy- perbolic curve from thefundamental group of another closely related hyperbolic curve.
Multiplicity of solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations

Introduction The semilinear elliptic equation −∆u = g(x, u) has been the object of several studies in the last twenty years. For instance, let us mention the well-known result proved by Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz (cf. [1]): if g is superlinear and odd with respect to the second variable, then the above equation has a sequence of solutions uh ∈ H 0 (Ω) with ‖uh‖H1 0 →∞. In order to get such a result, a variational technique has been employed. In fact, the above equation is the Euler equation associated with the functional f(u) = 1 2 ∫
Lateral Heat Transport in the Lofoten Basin: Near‐Surface Pathways and Subsurface Exchange

The Lofoten Basin in the Nordic Seas plays a central role in the Atlantic overturning circulation by acting as a reservoir for the warm and saline Atlantic Water flow toward the Arctic Ocean. The mass and heat exchange between Atlantic Water and the Lofoten Basin impacts the water mass transformations and the surface heat loss, but the processes governing this exchange are not well understood or quantified. Here we study the circulation in the Nordic Seas and the heat transport in the Lofoten Basin using a combination of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. We analyze the trajectories of about 150 surface drifters, augmented with a set of about 47,000 surface trajectories calculated using the output from a regional numerical simulation, to investigate the drifter pathways and their exchange with the Lofoten Basin. The drifters reveal that water parcels with long residence time inside the basin contribute substantially to the heat loss and typically enter from south across the outer rim of the Vøring Plateau and, to some extent from east, from the eastern branch of the Norwegian Atlantic Current. The main contributors to the lateral heat transport to the Lofoten Basin are the near-surface heat transport by the mean flow in the southern sector of the basin and the subsurface eddy fluxes from the Lofoten Escarpment in the east.
Gender Differences in Gifted Adolescents' Math/Verbal Self-Concepts and Math/Verbal Achievement: Implications for the STEM Fields

The current study investigated the gender differences of gifted adolescents' math/verbal self-concept and math/verbal ability by examining the Internal/External Frame of Reference Model (I/E model; Marsh, 1986). The sample consisted of 181 gifted adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years old. Gifted adolescents' math/verbal ability was measured using their SAT/ACT scores, and math/verbal self-concepts were measured by the Mathematics and Verbal subscales of the Self Description Questionnaire II (SDQ II; Marsh, 1990). Using path analysis, results partially support the I/E model, although no gender differences with regard to the I/E model were found. Implications with regard to the STEM fields are discussed.
Estimating the Value of Brand Alliances in Professional Team Sports

Brands often form alliances to enhance their brand equities. In this paper, we examine the alliances between professional athletes (athlete brands) and sports teams (team brands) in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Athletes and teams match to maximize the total added value created by the brand alliance. To understand this total value, we estimate a structural two-sided matching model using a maximum score method. Using data on the free-agency contracts signed in the NBA during the four-year period from 1994 to 1997, we find that both older players and players with higher performance are more likely to match with teams with more wins. However, controlling for performance, we find that brand alliances between high brand equity players (defined as receiving enough votes to be an all-star starter) and medium brand equity teams (defined by stadium and broadcast revenues) generate the highest value. This suggests that top brands are not necessarily best off matching with other top brands. We also provide suggestive evidence that the maximum salary policy implemented in 1998 influenced matches based on brand equity spillovers more than matches based on performance complementarities.
Quantum Measurement in Electric Circuit

We study fluctuations of electric current in a quantum resistor and derive a general quantum-mechanical formula for the distribution of transmitted charge. For that we introduce a scheme of current measurement that involves a spin $1/2$ coupled to the current so that it precesses at the rate proportional to the current. Our approach allows the study of charge transfer without breaking the circuit. We analyze a single channel conductor and derive electron counting statistics for arbitrary relation between temperature and voltage. For a perfectly transmitting channel the counting distribution is gaussian, both for zero-point fluctuations and at finite temperature. At constant voltage and low temperature the distribution is binomial, i.e., it arises from Bernoulli statistics.
Communication Patterns in Interdependent Relationships

Two studies were designed to investigate how the type of interdependence (cooperative vs. competitive) between a speaker and a recipient influences communicators' descriptions of positive and negative target behaviors. The target-addressee relationship was a positive one in the first study. It was expected that speakers in the cooperative condition would describe positive target behaviors in a more abstract way, whereas in the competitive condition, negative target behaviors would be described in a more abstract way. In the second study, the addressee-target relationship was negative. Here we expected that the positive target behaviors would be described more concretely in the cooperation condition, whereas the reverse pattern was predicted in the competition condition. The results broadly supported these predictions. The implications of these findings for the linguistic intergroup bias are described.
The Fast and Slow Afterhyperpolarizations Are Differentially Modulated in Hippocampal Neurons by Aging and Learning

Normal aging is usually accompanied by increased difficulty learning new information. One contributor to aging-related cognitive decline is decreased intrinsic excitability in aged neurons, leading to more difficulty processing inputs and remodeling synapses to store new memories. Two measures of excitability known to be altered by learning are the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) after a burst of action potentials and the fast AHP (fAHP) after individual action potentials. Using rats trained in trace eyeblink conditioning, we examined how these two measures of excitability were modulated in CA1 hippocampal neurons from young (3–4 months) and aged (29–31 months) animals. Although both the sAHP and the fAHP were reduced by successful learning in both age groups, only the sAHP showed aging-related increases. The dichotomy of learning-related and aging-related effects on two very similar calcium-dependent potassium-driven hyperpolarizations suggests several interesting hypotheses for how cellular excitability is modulated by aging and learning.
Bit-Planes: Dense Subpixel Alignment of Binary Descriptors

Binary descriptors have been instrumental in the recent evolution of computationally efficient sparse image alignment algorithms. Increasingly, however, the vision community is interested in dense image alignment methods, which are more suitable for estimating correspondences from high frame rate cameras as they do not rely on exhaustive search. However, classic dense alignment approaches are sensitive to illumination change. In this paper, we propose an easy to implement and low complexity dense binary descriptor, which we refer to as bit-planes, that can be seamlessly integrated within a multi-channel Lucas & Kanade framework. This novel approach combines the robustness of binary descriptors with the speed and accuracy of dense alignment methods. The approach is demonstrated on a template tracking problem achieving state-of-the-art robustness and faster than real-time performance on consumer laptops (400+ fps on a single core Intel i7) and hand-held mobile devices (100+ fps on an iPad Air 2).
Attitudinal Change in Elderly Citizens Toward Social Robots: The Role of Personality Traits and Beliefs About Robot Functionality

Attitudes toward robots influence the tendency to accept or reject robotic devices. Thus it is important to investigate whether and how attitudes toward robots can change. In this pilot study we investigate attitudinal changes in elderly citizens toward a tele-operated robot in relation to three parameters: (i) the information provided about robot functionality, (ii) the number of encounters, (iii) personality type. Fourteen elderly residents at a rehabilitation center participated. Pre-encounter attitudes toward robots, anthropomorphic thinking, and personality were assessed. Thereafter the participants interacted with a tele-operated robot (Telenoid) during their lunch (c. 30 min.) for up to 3 days. Half of the participants were informed that the robot was tele-operated (IC) whilst the other half were naïve to its functioning (UC). Post-encounter assessments of attitudes toward robots and anthropomorphic thinking were undertaken to assess change. Attitudes toward robots were assessed with a new generic 35-items questionnaire (attitudes toward social robots scale: ASOR-5), offering a differentiated conceptualization of the conditions for social interaction. There was no significant difference between the IC and UC groups in attitude change toward robots though trends were observed. Personality was correlated with some tendencies for attitude changes; Extraversion correlated with positive attitude changes to intimate-personal relatedness with the robot (r = 0.619) and to psychological relatedness (r = 0.581) whilst Neuroticism correlated negatively (r = -0.582) with mental relatedness with the robot. The results tentatively suggest that neither information about functionality nor direct repeated encounters are pivotal in changing attitudes toward robots in elderly citizens. This may reflect a cognitive congruence bias where the robot is experienced in congruence with initial attitudes, or it may support action-based explanations of cognitive dissonance reductions, given that robots, unlike computers, are not yet perceived as action targets. Specific personality traits may be indicators of attitude change relating to specific domains of social interaction. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Vasopressin receptors V1a and V2 are not osmosensors

Herein, we investigated whether G protein‐coupled signaling via the vasopressin receptors of the V1a and V2 subtypes (V1aR and V2R) could be obtained as a direct response to hyperosmolar challenges and/or whether hyperosmolar challenges could augment classical vasopressin‐dependent V1aR signaling. The V1aR‐dependent response was monitored indirectly via its effects on aquaporin 4 (AQP4) when heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes and V1aR and V2R function was directly monitored following heterologous expression in COS‐7 cells. A tendency toward an osmotically induced, V1aR‐mediated reduction in AQP4‐dependent water permeability was observed, although osmotic challenges failed to mimic vasopressin‐dependent V1aR‐mediated internalization of AQP4. Direct monitoring of inositol phosphate (IP) production of V1aR‐expressing COS‐7 cells demonstrated an efficient vasopressin‐dependent response that was, however, independent of hyperosmotic challenges. Similarly, the cAMP production by the V2R was unaffected by hyperosmotic challenges although, in contrast to the V1aR, the V2R displayed an ability to support alternative signaling (IP production) at higher concentration of vasopressin. V1aR and V2R respond directly to vasopressin exposure, but they do not have an ability to act as osmo‐ or volume sensors when exposed to an osmotic gradient in the absence or presence of vasopressin.
Lowe syndrome patient fibroblasts display Ocrl1-specific cell migration defects that cannot be rescued by the homologous Inpp5b phosphatase

Abstract The Lowe syndrome (LS) is a life-threatening, developmental disease characterized by mental retardation, cataracts and renal failure. Although this human illness has been linked to defective function of the phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase, Ocrl1 (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal syndrome ofLowe protein1), the mechanism by which this enzyme deficiency triggers the disease is not clear. Ocrl1 is known to localize mainly to the Golgi apparatus and endosomes, however it translocates to plasma membrane ruffles upon cell stimulation with growth factors. The functional implications of this inducible translocation to the plasma membrane are presently unknown. Here we show that Ocrl1 is required for proper cell migration, spreading and fluid-phase uptake in both established cell lines and human dermal fibroblasts. We found that primary fibroblasts from two patients diagnosed with LS displayed defects in these cellular processes. Importantly, these abnormalities were suppressed by expressing wild-type Ocrl1 but not by a phosphatase-deficient mutant. Interestingly, the homologous human PI-5-phosphatase, Inpp5b, was unable to complement the Ocrl1-dependent cell migration defect. Further, Ocrl1 variants that cannot bind the endocytic adaptor AP2 or clathrin, like Inpp5b, were less apt to rescue the migration phenotype. However, no defect in membrane recruitment of AP2/clathrin or in transferrin endocytosis by patient cells was detected. Collectively, our results suggest that Ocrl1, but not Inpp5b, is involved in ruffle-mediated membrane remodeling. Our results provide new elements for understanding how Ocrl1 deficiency leads to the abnormalities associated with the LS.
High risk sexual behavior among adolescent senior secondary school students in Nigeria

Background The consequences of high risk sexual practices (HRSP) are enormous among adolescent senior secondary school students. They therefore need to have sufficient knowledge of HRSP. Aim Objectives The study gauged the level of knowledge and perceptions of high risk sexual behavior among senior secondary school students in Ilorin, Nigeria with a view to improving their understanding of the current trends in HRSP. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study of adolescent secondary school students in Ilorin East Local Government Area. Multi — stage sampling method involving 3 stages was used. A semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. Informed consent of respondents was obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS windows software package version 17. Results Majority, 305 (69.5%) of the students were between 16 – 20 years. The major source of information was from movies, 42.5%, and the internet, 24.7%. Twenty-three percent (23.1%) had poor knowledge of HRSP. Thirty-eight percent (38.1%) did not consider indiscriminate sexual intercourse as HRSP while 27.9% still believed that unprotected sexual practice is safe. Thirty-four percent (34.2%) did not know that sex with multiple partners is a HRSP while 34.4% did not know that oral -genital sex is unsafe. Over thirty-two (32.9%) perceived that engaging in sex made them mature among peers. Twenty-four (24.7%) did not perceive any danger in keeping multiple sexual partners while 15.3% would still engage in unprotected sex. Conclusion The students had relatively poor knowledge and perceptions of HRSP. Quite a number did not consider indiscriminate sexual intercourse as HRSP. An appreciable number did not perceive any danger in keeping multiple sexual partners or beingengaged in unprotected sex. Counselling on the dangers of HRSP should be a component of the school health services so as to curb the complications of HRSP in our secondary schools.
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in French primary-school children

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of, and identify associated factors with, overweight and obesity in two samples of French children. Design We conducted two cross-sectional studies among two samples of children. Weight status, eating behaviour, sedentary activity, physical activity and parents’ socio-economic status (SES) were collected using questionnaires filled by doctors during school health check-ups. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Taskforce. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to identify independent factors associated with overweight including obesity and obesity alone. Setting Aquitaine region (south-west France). Subjects Analyses were conducted among children aged 5–7 years (n 4048) and 7–11 years (n 3619). Results Overweight prevalence was 9·5 % including 2·2 % of obesity in 5–7-year-old children and 15·6 % including 2·9 % of obesity in 7–11-year-old children. In both samples, overweight and obesity prevalence were higher in children whose parents had low or medium SES (P < 0·05). Factors associated significantly (P < 0·05) and independently with higher overweight or obesity prevalence were female gender, low or medium parental SES, never or sometimes having breakfast, never eating at the school canteen, never having a morning snack, never or sometimes having a light afternoon meal and having high sedentary activity. Conclusions Our data confirm that low SES, absence of breakfast and high sedentary activity are associated with a higher risk of being overweight or obese, but also highlight original potential protective factors such as eating at the canteen and high meal frequency.
Rough - Set - Like Approximations of Context - Free and Regular Languages

Using a grammar instead of an information system as usual in rough set theory, we deene equivalence and tolerance classes of strings which lead to the notions of lower and upper approximations to the language generated by a given grammar. These approximations form an innnite hierarchy and they converge to the considered language. We investigate here the properties of the approximations for classes of context-free and regular languages. Our work brings together two very active branches of modern mathematics: formal language theory and rough set theory.
Credit Ratings and Capital Structure

This paper examines to what extent credit ratings directly affect capital structure decisions. The paper outlines discrete costs (benefits) associated with firm credit rating level differences and tests whether concerns for these costs (benefits) directly affect debt and equity financing decisions. Firms near a credit rating upgrade or downgrade issue less debt relative to equity than firms not near a change in rating. This behavior is consistent with discrete costs (benefits) of rating changes but is not explained by traditional capital structure theories. The results persist within previous empirical tests of the pecking order and tradeoff capital structure theories.
Mortality in men admitted to hospital with acute urinary retention: database analysis

Objectives To investigate mortality in men admitted to hospital with acute urinary retention and to report on the effects of comorbidity on mortality. Design Analysis of the hospital episode statistics database linked to the mortality database of the Office for National Statistics. Setting NHS hospital trusts in England, 1998-2005. Participants All men aged over 45 who were admitted to NHS hospitals in England with a first episode of acute urinary retention. Main outcome measures Mortality in the first year after acute urinary retention and standardised mortality ratio against the general population. Results During the study period, 176 046 men aged over 45 were admitted to hospital with a first episode of acute urinary retention. In 100 067 men with spontaneous acute urinary retention, the one year mortality was 4.1% in men aged 45-54 and 32.8% in those aged 85 and over. In 75 979 men with precipitated acute urinary retention, mortality was 9.5% and 45.4%, respectively. In men with spontaneous acute urinary retention aged 75-84, the most prevalent age group, the one year mortality was 12.5% in men without comorbidity and 28.8% in men with comorbidity. The corresponding figures for men with precipitated acute urinary retention were 18.1% and 40.5%. Compared with the general population, the highest relative increase in mortality was in men aged 45-54 (standardised mortality ratio 10.0 for spontaneous and 23.6 for precipitated acute urinary retention) and the lowest for men 85 and over (1.7 and 2.4, respectively). Conclusions Mortality in men admitted to hospital with acute urinary retention is high and increases strongly with age and comorbidity. Patients might benefit from multi-disciplinary care to identify and treat comorbid conditions.