Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Sports Science Knowledge by Turkish Coaches

The purpose of this study is to examine the following research questions in Turkish coaching context: a) What are coaches’ perceptions on the application of sport science research to their coaching methods? b) What sources do coaches utilize to obtain the knowledge they need? c) What barriers do coaches encounter when trying to access and apply the knowledge they need for their sport? In addition, differences in research questions responses were examined based on gender, years of coaching experience, academic educational level, coaching certificate level, coaching team or individual sports, and being paid or unpaid for coaching. The participants were 321 coaches (255 men, 66 women) from diverse sports and coaching levels working in Ankara. The questionnaire “New Ideas for Coaches” by Reade, Rodgers and Hall (2008) was translated, adapted into Turkish, and validated for the current study. According to our findings among Turkish coaches, there is a high prevalence of beliefs that sport science contributes to sport (79.8%);however, there are gaps between what coaches are looking for and the research that is being conducted. Coaches are most likely to attend seminars or consult other coaches to get new information. Scientific publications were ranked very low by the coaches in getting current information. The barriers to coaches’ access to sport science research are finding out the sources of information, being able to implement the sport science knowledge into the field of coaching, lack of monetary support in acquiring knowledge, and language barriers. Also, differences in perceptions and preferences for obtaining new information were identified based on coaches’ gender, coaching contexts (i.e., professional-amateur), coaching settings (i.e., team/individual), and their other demographic characteristics (i.e., coaching experience, coaching educational level, and coaching certificate level). Future coach education programs should emphasize the development of coaches’ competencies in identifying and accessing eligible sports science knowledge sources and lack of money for acquiring information while also tailoring the messages based on differences in coaching contexts, coaching settings, and coaches’ demographic characteristics so as to ensure successful knowledge transfer.
Revised statistics of radio halos and the reacceleration model

Aims. The statistical properties of radio halos can be used to discriminate among the possible models for their origin. Therefore, an unbiased and exhaustive investigation of these properties is crucial. Methods. With this goal in mind, in this paper, we revise the occurrence of radio halos in the redshift range 0-0.4, combining the low redshift (z < 0.2) statistical study of the X-ray-brightest Abell-type clusters (XBACs) with the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS, by Giovannini et al. 1999) with our recent results from the radio followup of the ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-Ray (REFLEX) clusters and extended ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (eBCS), i.e., the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) radio halo survey, at higher redshift (0.2 < z < 0.4). Results. We find significant statistical evidence (at 3.7σ) of an increase of the fraction of clusters with radio halos with the X-ray luminosity (mass) of the parent clusters, and show that this increase is in line with statistical calculations based on the reacceleration scenario. We argue that a fundamental expectation of this scenario is that the probability of having radio halos emitting at hundred MHz is larger than the probability at GHz frequencies, and thus future radio interferometers operating at low frequencies, such as the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Long Wavelength Array (LWA), should detect a larger number of radio halos with respect to those caught by present GHz observations. We also show that the expected increase of the fraction of clusters with radio halos with the cluster mass as measured with future LOFAR and LWA surveys should be less strong than the increase in present surveys.
A PUF-Enabled Secure Architecture for FPGA-Based IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic, ever-evolving “living” entity. Hence, modern Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices with Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) capabilities, which allow in-field non-invasive modifications to the circuit implemented on the FPGA, are an ideal fit. Usually, the activation of DPR capabilities requires the procurement of additional licenses from the FPGA vendor. In this work, we describe how IoTs can take advantage of the DPR capabilities of FPGAs, using a modified DPR methodology that does not require any paid “add-on” utility, to implement a lightweight cryptographic security protocol. We analyze possible threats that can emanate from the availability of DPR at IoT nodes, and propose possible solution techniques based on Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) circuits to prevent such threats.
Growth cone collapse and inhibition of neurite growth by Botulinum neurotoxin C1: a t-SNARE is involved in axonal growth

The growth cone is responsible for axonal growth, where membrane expansion is most likely to occur. Several recent reports have suggested that presynaptic proteins are involved in this process; however, the molecular mechanism details are unclear. We suggest that by cleaving a presynaptic protein syntaxin, which is essential in targeting synaptic vesicles as a target SNAP receptor (t-SNARE), neurotoxin C1 of Clostridium botulinum causes growth cone collapse and inhibits axonal growth. Video-enhanced microscopic studies showed (a) that neurotoxin C1 selectively blocked the activity of the central domain (the vesicle-rich region) at the initial stage, but not the lamellipodia in the growth cone; and (b) that large vacuole formation occurred probably through the fusion of smaller vesicles from the central domain to the most distal segments of the neurite. The total surface area of the accumulated vacuoles could explain the membrane expansion of normal neurite growth. The gradual disappearance of the surface labeling by FITC-WGA on the normal growth cone, suggesting membrane addition, was inhibited by neurotoxin C1. The experiments using the peptides derived from syntaxin, essential for interaction with VAMP or alpha-SNAP, supported the results using neurotoxin C1. Our results demonstrate that syntaxin is involved in axonal growth and indicate that syntaxin may participate directly in the membrane expansion that occurs in the central domain of the growth cone, probably through association with VAMP and SNAPs, in a SNARE-like way.
The α2CDel322-325 adrenergic receptor polymorphism is not associated with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in black Africans

Summary Background A four-amino acid deletion was identified within the α2C-adrenergic receptor (α2CDel322-325) that, when homozygous, increases the risk of heart failure in African-Americans nearly six-fold. We hypothesised that homozygosity for the α2CDel322-325 polymorphism may be a risk factor for heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in black South Africans. Methods The α2CDel322-325 polymorphism was genotyped in 37 patients with heart failure and 34 controls, all of black African ancestry. Genotyping was performed by a size-fractionation assay. Results The patients studied ranged in age from 21 to 79 years with a mean age of 50 years, and 62% were male. No significant difference was observed in homozygosity for the α2CDel322-325 polymorphism or in allele and genotype frequencies between patients and controls. The frequency of the allele containing the deletion was 0.54 in cases and 0.53 in controls. The genotype frequencies in the patients were consistent with those of the controls (p = 0.56). Conclusions Homozygosity for the α2CDel322-325 polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk for heart failure due to idiopathic DCM in black South Africans.
Risk versus Uncertainty in Deep Learning: Bayes, Bootstrap and the Dangers of Dropout

The “Big Data” revolution is spawning systems designed to make decisions from data. In particular, deep learning methods have emerged as the state of the art method in many important breakthroughs [18, 20, 28]. This is due to the statistical flexibility and computational scalability of large and deep neural networks which allows them to harness the information of large and rich datasets. At the same time, elementary decision theory shows that the only admissible decision rules are Bayesian [5, 30]. Colloquially, this means that any decision rule which is not Bayesian can be strictly improved (or even exploited) by some Bayesian alternative [6]. The implication of these results is clear: combine deep learning with Bayesian inference for the best decisions from data.
Heterosexism and Social Work

Abstract This study examined heterosexism among 409 Illinois school social workers. Heterosexism was found to be negatively correlated with “education about” and “positive contacts with” gay and lesbian individuals and positively correlated with “religiosity. ” Most respondents showed some level of heterosexism with a few having very high levels. Only 15% were non-heterosexist. Respondents reported receiving little or no education about sexual minorities in their social work training. Most indicated that the training received was not adequate preparation for working with gay and lesbian individuals. Amount of education received increased with each of CSWE's educational mandates about sexual minorities but had no significant effect on heterosexism.
On the energy impact of urban heat island and global warming on buildings

Urban heat island and global warming increase ambient temperature and modify the energy budget of buildings. The magnitude of the modification has been evaluated in a large number of articles, under different climatic and building boundary conditions. This paper collects, analyzes and classifies existing knowledge regarding the energy impact of urban heating to buildings and calculates preliminary indicators and impact figures. Based on the analysis of the impact studies, it is found that in average the cooling load of typical urban buildings is by 13% higher compared to similar buildings in rural areas. Four specific energy impact indicators, the global energy penalty per m2, the global energy penalty per m2 and degree of UHI, the global energy penalty per person and the global energy penalty per person and per degree of the UHI are defined and calculated. The variability of the heating and cooling loads of typical buildings is evaluated for the period 1970–2010. The average increase of the cooling demand is 23% while the corresponding average reduction of the heating is 19%. In total, the average energy consumption of typical buildings for heating and cooling purposes increased by 11% for the same period. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Middle School Students' Perceptions of Peer Groups

From the social cognitive perspective, two studies were designed to investigate adolescent peer groups. In Study 1, middle school students named their peer groups and provided characteristics they perceived to be associated with each group. Content analysis indicated that characteristics were related to adolescent social concerns. In Study 2, another group of adolescents rated how true they perceived the characteristics were of a peer group. Results indicated the early adolescents used the full rating scale, which indicated they make relative, not either/or, judgments. The ratings study provided information about the constellation of characteristics that identify peer groups as overlapping. Nerds were perceived to be similar to goody-goodies but not the same. The study also provided information about individual groups. Populars were perceived to be highly social and moderately likely to participate in antisocial behaviors. These studies indicate that further investigations of peer groups as social categories can provide important information.
1 Disability and Returns to Education : A Case Study from Nepal

In this paper, we estimate wage returns to education of individuals with disabilities in Nepal using information on type and age of being impaired as identifying instrumental variables for years of schooling. After controlling for sample selection due to endogenous labor participation as well as endogeneity of schooling decisions and fulltime working status, the estimated rate of returns to education is very high, ranging from 30.4 to 33.2%. The coexistence of these high returns to education and the limited years of schooling suggest that there are credit market imperfections as well as supply side constraints in education for disabled people. Policies to eliminate these barriers will mitigate poverty among persons with disabilities, the largest minority group in the world.
Accounts of health and illness: Dilemmas and representations

This paper argues that people's views of health and illness are best understood as accounts that they give to others. In that sense, such beliefs are neither the expression of fixed inner attitudes, nor evidence for shared social representations. Instead, we emphasise the importance of seeing health talk as both ideological and dilemmatic. The paper explores the way in which individuals who speak of health (or illness) in general must also give an account of their health in particular. Reviewing the distinction between ‘private’ and ‘public’ accounts, the article discusses the various rhetorical devices by which this is achieved. This shows how people's talk about health both defines their social fitness and exemplifies their claims to being ill or healthy.
Retinofugal projections in the mouse

The laboratory mouse is increasingly a subject for visual system investigation, but there has been no comprehensive evaluation of this species' visual projections. Here, projections were visualized and mapped following intraocular injection of cholera toxin B subunit. Tissue was processed using standard procedures applied to 30 μm free‐floating sections with diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. The mouse retina projects to ∼46 brain regions, including 14 not previously described in this species. These include two amygdaloid nuclei, the horizontal limb of the diagonal band, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, several visual thalamic nuclei, the paranigral nucleus, several pretectal nuclei, and the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus. Dense retinal patches were also observed in a narrow portion of the ipsilateral intermediate layer of the superior colliculus. The superior fasciculus of the accessory optic tract, which innervates the medial terminal nucleus, was also determined to be a terminal zone throughout its length. The results are compared with previous descriptions of projections from mouse intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells, and with data from the hamster, Nile grass rat, and laboratory rat. The retinal projection patterns are similar in all four species, although there are many differences with respect to the details. The specific visual functions of most retinorecipient areas are unknown, but there is substantial convergence of retinal projections onto regions concerned with olfaction and audition. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3733–3753, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the Oligogalacturonide-Induced Oxidative Burst in Cultured Soybean (Glycine max) Cells

The rapid release of H2O2 by elicited plant cells, recently termed the oxidative burst, was investigated in suspension-cultured soybean (Glycine max Merr. cv Kent) cells stimulated with a purified polygalacturonic acid (PGA) elicitor. Examination of the elicited cells by fluorescence microscopy revealed that virtually every living cell participates in the elicitor-induced H2O2 burst. Measurement of the kinetics of the response using a macroscopic fluorescence-based assay indicated that approximately 100 molecules of H2O2 are generated per PGA molecule added, achieving a cumulative H2O2 concentration of approximately 1.2 mmol L-1 of packed cells. At the height of the defense response, 3 x 10–14 mol of H2O2 cell-1 min-1 are produced, a value comparable to the rate of H2O2 production by myeloid cells of mammals. Variables affecting the rate and magnitude of the soybean oxidative burst were found to be mechanical stress, extracellular pH, and cell age. The PGA-induced oxidative burst was shown to undergo both homologous and heterologous desensitization, a characteristic of signal transduction pathways in animals. Homologous desensitization was obtained with PGA, and heterologous desensitization was observed with the G protein activator mastoparan, consistent with earlier observations showing that G proteins perform a regulatory function in this pathway. Finally, a model describing the possible role of the PGA-induced oxidative burst in the overall scheme of plant defense is proposed.
On the group cohomology of groups of the form $\mathbb{Z}^n\rtimes \mathbb{Z}/m$ with $m$ free of squares

We provide an explicit computation of the cohomology groups (with untwisted coefficients) of semidirect products of the form $\mathbb{Z}^n\rtimes \mathbb{Z}/m$ with $m$ free of squares, by means of formulas that only depend on $n$, $m$ and the action of $\mathbb{Z}/m$ on $\mathbb{Z}^n$. We want to highlight the fact that we are not impossing any conditions on the $\mathbb{Z}/m$-action on $\mathbb{Z}^n$, and as far as we know our formulas are the first in the literature in this generality. This generalizes previous computations of L\"uck-Davis and Adem-Ge-Pan-Petrosyan. In order to show that our formulas are usable, we develop a concrete example of the form $\mathbb{Z}^5\rtimes \mathbb{Z}/6$ where its cohomology groups are described in full detail.
Using Web-Enhanced Instruction in an Interpersonal Skills Course

Although the importance of incorporating interpersonal skills courses into the management curriculum has been well documented, the use of electronic learning resources in behavioral science courses is in its infancy. This article describes the introduction of and student response toWeb-enhanced instruction in an Interpersonal Skills course required of Xavier UniversityMBA students. It provides a guide to specific Web self-assessment instruments, suggests assignments that integrate online tools with other course pedagogies, includes examples of Web-driven in-class interactive activities and out-of-class reflective activities, presents a model of key implementation and pedagogical factors, and discusses implications to consider in using online assessments.
Promising treatments for women with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to compare the efficacy of a manualized cognitive behavior therapy that addresses both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse (seeking safety) with a manualized cognitive behavior therapy that addresses only substance abuse (relapse prevention) and with standard community care for the treatment of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder. METHOD One hundred seven women from an urban, low-income population who had comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder were randomly assigned to receive the two kinds of cognitive behavior therapy or received standard community treatment. Participants were recruited from both community and clinical populations and evaluated with structured clinical instruments. Forty-one women received seeking safety therapy, 34 received relapse prevention therapy, and 32 received standard community care. RESULTS At the end of 3 months of treatment, participants in both cognitive behavior therapy conditions had significant reductions in substance use, PTSD, and psychiatric symptoms, but community care participants worsened over time. Both groups receiving cognitive behavior therapy sustained greater improvement in substance use and PTSD symptoms at 6-month and 9-month follow-ups than subjects in the community care group. CONCLUSIONS Seeking safety and relapse prevention are efficacious short-term treatments for low-income urban women with PTSD, substance use disorder, and other psychiatric symptoms.
Characteristics of Families with No, One, or More Than One Gifted Child

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the parental environment of three groups: parents with no gifted children (Group A); parents with one gifted child (Group B); and parents with two or more gifted children (Group C). The variables assessed were based on those that showed significant differences in a previous study conducted at the Young Persons' Institute for the Promotion of Art and Science (Landau & Weissler, 1993), namely, environmental stimuli afforded the child in the home, cognitive interaction between the parents and the children, and parents' attitudes toward their children's intelligence. The variable of authoritarianism was also included. In Israel, 29 mothers and fathers in Group A, 35 in Group B, and 31 in Group C completed a questionnaire constructed for the study. The results confirmed the significant differences found in the earlier study. In addition, fathers in families with two or more gifted children differed significantly from those in the other two groups on author.
Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Administration on Pain, Opioid Consumption, and Quality of Life after Complex Spine Surgery

Background:The authors tested the primary hypothesis that perioperative IV lidocaine administration during spine surgery (and in the postanesthesia care unit for no more than 8 h) decreases pain and/or opioid requirements in the initial 48 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes included major complications, postoperative nausea and vomiting, duration of hospitalization, and quality of life. Methods:One hundred sixteen adults having complex spine surgery were randomly assigned to perioperative IV lidocaine (2 mg·kg−1·h−1) or placebo during surgery and in the postanesthesia care unit. Pain was evaluated with a verbal response scale. Quality of life at 1 and 3 months was assessed using the Acute Short-form (SF) 12 health survey. The authors initially evaluated multivariable bidirectional noninferiority on both outcomes; superiority on either outcome was then evaluated only if noninferiority was established. Results:Lidocaine was significantly superior to placebo on mean verbal response scale pain scores (P < 0.001; adjusted mean [95% CI] of 4.4 [4.2-4.7] and 5.3 [5.0-5.5] points, respectively) and significantly noninferior on mean morphine equivalent dosage (P = 0.011; 55 [36-84] and 74 [49-111] mg, respectively). Postoperative nausea and vomiting and the duration of hospitalization did not differ significantly. Patients given lidocaine had slightly fewer 30-day complications than patients given placebo (odds ratio [95% CI] of 0.91 [0.84–1.00]; P = 0.049). Patients given lidocaine had significantly greater SF-12 physical composite scores than placebo at 1 (38 [31–47] vs. 33 [27–42]; P = 0.002) and 3 (39 [31–49] vs. 34 [28–44]; P = 0.04) months, postoperatively. Conclusion:IV lidocaine significantly improves postoperative pain after complex spine surgery.