Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health, function and disability in stroke patients in the community

ABSTRACT Background Stroke patients commonly have impairments associated with reduction in functionality. Among these impairments, the motor impairments are the most prevalent. The functional profile of these patients living in the community who are users of the primary health-care services in Brazil has not yet been established Objective To describe the functional profile of stroke patients who are users of the primary health-care services in Brazil, looking at one health-care unit in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method From medical records and home visits, data were collected regarding health status, assistance received following the stroke, personal and environmental contextual factors, function and disability, organized according to the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Test and instruments commonly applied in the assessment of stroke patients were used. Results Demographic data from all stroke patients who were users of the health-care unit (n=44, age: 69.23±13.12 years and 67±66.52 months since the stroke) participated of this study. Most subjects presented with disabilities, as changes in emotional function, muscle strength, and mobility, risks of falling during functional activities, negative self-perception of quality of life, and perception of the environment factors were perceived as obstacles. The majority of the patients used the health-care unit to renew drug prescriptions, and did not receive any information on stroke from health professionals, even though patients believed it was important for patients to receive information and to provide clarifications. Conclusion Stroke patients who used primary health-care services in Brazil have chronic disabilities and health needs that require continuous health attention from rehabilitation professionals. All of these health needs should be considered by health professionals to provide better management as part of the integral care of stroke patients, as recommended by the clinical practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation.
The multicultural personality questionnaire: a multidimensional instrument of multicultural effectiveness

In today's global business environment, executive work is becoming more international in orientation. Several skills and traits may underlie executive success in an international environment. The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire was developed as a multidimensional instrument aimed at measuring multicultural effectiveness. The questionnaire has scales for Cultural Empathy, Openmindedness, Emotional Stability, Orientation to Action, Adventurousness/Curiosity, Flexibility, and Extraversion. In a study among a student sample (N =257) the reliability and validity of the inventory were examined. The internal consistencies of the developed scales were high, with the exception of Openmindedness and Flexibility. On the basis of factor analysis and the pattern of intercorrelations four reliable higher‐level dimensions were distinguished: ‘Openness’, ‘Emotional Stability’, ‘Social Initiative and Flexibility’. The correlations between these dimensions and related instruments were in the expected direction. Moreover, the data supported the predictive value of the instrument of multicultural activity and its incremental value above the Big Five in predicting international orientation and aspiration of an international career. The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire may be used as an instrument for the selection of expatriates or as a diagnostic tool for assessing further training needs. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influenza Virus Induces Cholesterol-Enriched Endocytic Recycling Compartments for Budozone Formation via Cell Cycle-Independent Centrosome Maturation

Influenza virus particles are assembled at the plasma membrane in concert with incorporation of the virus genome, but the details of its spatio-temporal regulation are not understood. Here we showed that influenza virus infection induces the assembly of pericentrosomal endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) through the activation of Rab11a GTPase and cell cycle-independent maturation of centrosome by YB-1, a multifunctional protein that is involved in mitotic division, RNA metabolism and tumorigenesis. YB-1 is recruited to the centrosome in infected cells and is required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. We also found that viral infection accumulates cholesterol in ERC and is dependent on YB-1. Depletion of YB-1 shows reduced cholesterol-enriched ERC and prevented budozone formation at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that cholesterol in recycling endosomes, which are emanated from ERC, may trigger the virus assembly concomitantly with the packaging of the virus genome. We propose that the virus genome is transported to the plasma membrane by cholesterol-enriched recycling endosomes through cell cycle-independent activation of the centrosome by YB-1.
Lifestyle and Dietary Correlates of Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (IGFBP-1), Leptin, and C-Peptide: The Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), leptin, and insulin are 3 proteins modified by obesity and have been associated with cancer at several sites in past studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the correlation of these proteins with gender, race/ethnicity, anthropometric indexes, and dietary and lifestyle factors. We measured fasting plasma levels of IGFBP-1, leptin, and C-peptide, used here as a stable measure of insulin secretion, in a random sample of 450 male and 352 postmenopausal female Hawaii and Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) participants (age range 47–82 yr at blood draw). Through a series of multiple linear regressions, we found that the most parsimonious model for plasma IGFBP-1 included inverse associations with age, body mass index (BMI), and regular soda intake. A term for interaction between age and BMI was positively associated with plasma IGFBP-1. Adjusted mean plasma leptins were highest among Whites and African Americans and lowest among Hawaiians and Japanese Leptin was also inversely associated with age and positively associated with the interaction between age and race/ethnicity, female gender, and BMI. A model with only race/ethnicity and BMI (positive association) was best for plasma C-peptide. Adjusted means for C-peptide were highest for Japanese and Whites and lowest for African Americans. The overall percent of variance in protein levels explained by these models was low for IGFBP-1(R2 = 0.17) and C-peptide (R2 = 0.11) and higher for leptin (R2 = 0.57). We saw no clear correlation between racial/ethnic trends in protein levels with those of colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer incidence rates in the MEC. Research to clarify factors associated with determination of these proteins and their relationship with cancer etiology is warranted.
Face‐space‐R: Towards a unified account of face recognition

Versions of the “face space” are considered and built upon to develop an explicitly defined model of face recognition based on stimulus generalization that is similar to models of animal learning. This face‐space‐R model is implemented using realistic numbers of known faces. The model is able to account for distinctiveness, caricature, and race effects. It also predicts which faces will be falsely recognized and accounts for mirror effects. The application of the model to face learning and development is considered, as well as the effects of brief presentation. By varying parameters of the model, it is possible to match its performance to that of humans, leading to an estimate of the dimensionality of face space (of between 15 and 22 dimensions for same‐race faces).
Validity of the Child Observation Record: An Investigation of the Relationship between Cor Dimensions and Social-Emotional and Cognitive Outcomes for Head Start Children

The study examined the validity of the Child Observation Record (COR). Participants were 242 children, a stratified, random sample of a large, urban Head Start program. Teachers trained to collect COR data provided assessments on the Cognitive, Social Engagement, and Coordinated Movement dimensions of the COR. Outcome data included cognitive and social-emotional outcomes in Head Start and indicators of early literacy in kindergarten. Biunivariate and bi-multivariate analyses were conducted. Convergent and divergent validity was established for the COR dimensions. The Cognitive dimension showed the strongest relationships with early reading and mathematics skills, whereas Social Engagement was most highly correlated with persistence, pro-social interactions, and motivation to learn. Coordinated Movement was positively correlated with play interaction and inversely correlated with withdrawn, low-energy behaviors. The Head Start COR Cognitive dimension was the best predictor of letter-naming proficiency in kindergarten.
Updating polytechnic teachers’ knowledge and skills through teacher design teams in Ghana

While teachers and administrators in polytechnics in Ghana have categorically expressed the growing need for the former’s knowledge and skills to be updated in the era of polytechnic transformation, little attention has been paid to the subject. This study reports a professional development intervention organised for 16 engineering teachers divided among three teacher design teams (TDT) who planned and undertook industrial attachments to update their knowledge and skills in their subject areas. With relevant knowledge acquired, they updated their courses and subsequently conducted teaching tryouts. Data collected during the study through interviews, questionnaires and a logbook sought teachers’ learning experiences in TDTs. The results indicated teachers’ acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills during the TDT activities. Furthermore, TDT enabled active learning, collaboration as well as dialogue on subject matter among teachers and was a useful means for the professional development process.
A Descriptive Study of Factors Associated with the Internal Audit Function Policies Having an Impact: Comparisons Between Organizations in a Developed and an Emerging Economy

Abstract An internal audit function (IAF) should positively impact financial reporting and governance, and add value to its organization. The study provides evidence on IAF factors (i.e. characteristics, activities, and work areas) associated with these types of impact and whether these factors, and their influence on various impacts, differ between a developed and an emerging economy (i.e. the USA and Turkey). Factors positively associated with financial reporting in the USA are assurance activities, control work, and competence; in Turkey, significant factors are governance work and competence. For governance, it is found that the factors positively associated with it in the USA include assurance activities, governance work, and competence; in Turkey, the significant factors are governance work and competence. In the USA, assurance activities are negatively associated with adding value, while consulting activities, risk work, and control work are positively associated with this measure. In Turkey, only risk work and control work are positively associated with adding value. Finally, several measures of IAF objectivity are not associated with any of the impact measures.
Coping with Environmental Uncertainty and Boundary Spanning in the Product Manager′s Role

Evidence suggests that product managers' need to communicate across organizational and environmental boundaries under conditions of uncertainty can give rise to powerful role pressures of conflict and ambiguity. These pressures are generally associated with negative or dysfunctional personal outcomes such as job‐related tension, dissatisfaction, and poorer performance. Moreover, in situations where role conflict is particularly high, experienced product managers are susceptible to “burnout. ” Some practical approaches to overcoming these difficulties are discussed.
Election Coverage - New Directions for Public Broadcasting The Netherlands and Beyond

j Previous research has suggested that public broadcasters in Europe have traditionally approached and covered election campaigns in a cautious and reactive way, often adhering to the official party agendas. Based on interviews, newsroom observations and content-analytic indicators, the 1998 national and 1999 European election campaign coverage of the Dutch public broadcaster was investigated. Newsroom observations and interviews with reporters and news executives revealed an increasingly proactive and selective editorial approach to election campaigns. The analyses showed that the two elections were approached similarly, but given different priority in the news. The content analysis showed a decrease in the amount of election coverage and a more analytic and interpretative journalistic spin on election stories compared to earlier elections. The implications of the results are discussed in the light of changes in political communication and the increasingly competitive environments in which public broadcasters are challenged to operate. j
Introduction of the HAM-Nat examination – applicants and students admitted to the Medical Faculty in 2012-2014

Background/aim: In the 2012/13 winter semester, the Magdeburg Medical Faculty introduced a test of knowledge for the selection of applicants. The Hamburg Assessment Test for Medicine - Natural Sciences (HAM-Nat) comprises a multiple-choice test with questions on the aspects of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics relevant to medicine, which was specifically developed for the selection of medicine applicants. The aim is to study how the HAM-Nat influences student selection, the reasons why students decide to take the test as part of their application procedure and what expectations they have of their course of study. Methods: The selection procedures applied at the university in 2011 (without HAM-Nat) and in 2012-2014 (with HAM-Nat) are compared. On the basis of the results of exploratory interviews, university entrants in winter semester 2013/2014 participated in a written survey on why they chose their subject and place of study and their expectations of their course of study. Results: No problems were encountered in introducing the extended selection procedure that included the HAM-Nat Test. The HAM-Nat had a great influence on the selection decision. About 65% of the students admitted would not have obtained a place if the decision had been based exclusively on their Abitur grade [grade obtained in the German school-leaving examination]. On average, male applicants obtained better HAM-Nat results than female ones. The questionnaire was answered by 147 out of 191 university entrants (77%). In the case of applicants from Saxony-Anhalt, the principle reasons for choosing the regional capital are its proximity, the social environment offered, good conditions for studying and the feel-good factor at the university. For the majority of applicants, however, particularly applicants from other federal states, the relatively good chances of admission in Magdeburg were the main reason. Conclusion: The Magdeburg Medical Faculty regards the HAM-Nat as a suitable tool for selecting applicants with outstanding knowledge of natural sciences and thus of increasing and harmonising levels of knowledge at the start of the course. Completion of the standard period of study and success in the 1st part of the German Medical Examination will be the subject of further observation of the students. The HAM-Nat, as a performance-related selection procedure, is not suitable for giving active preference to natives of Saxony-Anhalt in the application procedure but their number has increased since it was introduced. Applicants primarily use the selection procedure tactically to obtain the university place they want to study medicine. Specifics relating to curricula and university profile and research areas are not critical to their choice.
Three Perspectives on Comprehension: Implications for Assessing and Treating Comprehension Problems

This article begins by comparing the processes involved in comprehending spoken and written language. Two alternative views of comprehension are presented. It is argued that comprehension is more than the processes used to construct meaning. Meaning is the result of transactions that occur between speakers and listeners and readers and texts. This view of reading acknowledges the indeterminacy of language; language is ambiguous and can be interpreted in different ways. Meaning can also be processed at different levels. These different views of comprehension should lead to changes in the way comprehension is assessed and taught.
Developmental Changes in the Contribution of Shared Experience to Social Role-Taking Competence

The contribution of shared experience to the social role-taking competence of 120 preschool, second- and fifth-grade children was evaluated under experimental conditions which did or did not provide subjects the opportunity to previously occupy the perspective of those whose points of view they were later required to assume. It was demonstrated that the youngest subjects regularly failed in their role-taking efforts with or without such backgrounds of shared experience, that the 11-year-olds succeeded in either case, and that the success of the 7-year-olds was a direct function of whether or not they shared common background experiences with those whose roles they attempted to assume. These results indicate that social role-taking competence in early and middle childhood is a joint function of both cognitive ability level and the actual degree of overlap which exists between the experiences of subjects and their role-taking partners.
XIAP Inhibition and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Enhances TRAIL Sensitivity in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

We recently identified superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression and decreased induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in models of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells with acquired therapeutic resistance. This population of cells has high expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which inhibits both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. We therefore wanted to evaluate the effect of classical apoptosis-inducing agent TRAIL, a proapoptotic receptor agonist that selectively triggers death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, in the IBC acquired resistance model. XIAP levels and subsequent inhibition of caspase activity inversely correlated with TRAIL sensitivity in our models of IBC. These include SUM149, a basal-type cell line isolated from primary IBC tumors and isogenic SUM149-derived lines rSUM149 and SUM149 wtXIAP, models of acquired therapeutic resistance with endogenous and exogenous XIAP overexpression, respectively. Inhibition of XIAP function using embelin, a plant-derived cell permeable small molecule, in combination with TRAIL caused a synergistic decrease in cell viability. Embelin treatment resulted in activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ROS accumulation, which correlated with downregulation of antioxidant protein SOD1 and consumption of redox modulator reduced glutathione in the XIAP-overexpressing cells. Simultaneous treatment with an SOD mimic, which protects against ROS accumulation, reversed the decrease in cell viability caused by embelin + TRAIL treatment. Embelin primes IBC cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by its direct action on the anti-caspase activity of XIAP and by shifting the cellular redox balance toward oxidative stress–mediated apoptosis. Thus, ROS modulators represent a novel approach to enhance efficacy of TRAIL-based treatment protocols in IBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1518–27. ©2012 AACR.
Teaching Creativity across Disciplines at Ontario Universities.

Abstract While a wide variety of publications have suggested that the development of student creativity should be an important objective for contemporary universities, information about how best to achieve this goal across a range of disciplinary contexts is nonetheless scant. The present study aimed to begin to fill this gap by gathering data (via an electronic survey instrument) about how the teaching and learning of creativity are perceived and enacted by instructors in different disciplines at Ontario universities. Results indicated points of both convergence and divergence between respondents from different fields in terms of their understandings of the place of creativity within courses and programs, and in terms of strategies they reported using to enable creativity in their students. We discuss the implications of these findings, including the ways in which the data speak to ongoing debates about the role of disciplines within teaching, learning, and creativity more broadly. Resume Bien qu’une grande diversite de publications suggere que le developpement de la creativite chez l’etudiant devrait etre un objectif important pour les universites contemporaines, l’information quant a la meilleure facon d’atteindre un tel objectif parmi tout un eventail de contextes disciplinaires demeure insuffisante. La presente etude vise a commencer a combler cet ecart en rassemblant des donnees relatives aux facons dont l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de la creativite sont percus et mis en œuvre par les instructeurs de diverses disciplines aupres des universites de l’Ontario. Les resultats ont indique a la fois des points de convergence et de divergence entre les repondants provenant de secteurs differents en ce qui a trait a leur comprehension de la place de la creativite dans les cours et les programmes, et en ce qui a trait aux strategies qu’ils declarent utiliser pour susciter la creativite chez leurs etudiants. Nous discutons des implications de ces resultats, y compris de la facon dont les donnees se revelent aux debats actuels qui portent sur le role des disciplines et, de facon plus generale, sur l’enseignement, l’apprentissage et la creativite.
An operational transformation based synchronization protocol for web 2.0 applications

Current Web 2.0 services are making mass collaboration a reality. Using a Web browser, people can participate in cooperative work anytime, anywhere from any computing device as long as there is an Internet connection. Lying in the heart of some well-known services is an optimistic consistency control technique called operational transformation (OT). This paper proposes TIPS, a novel sync protocol that adapts OT for Web 2.0 applications. Based on a recent theoretical framework called ABT, it ensures not only convergence but also the right object order for linear documents. Designed to address the HTTP style of communication, TIPS allows clients to sync with the server by independent time intervals and dynamically join and leave at any time. When processing do operations, its time complexity is linear in the total number of operations generated by all clients during one server interval and independent of the size of history. TIPS is efficient for supporting a spectrum of (near-)realtime to asynchronous collaboration editing tasks.
Effectiveness of computer-based treatment for dyslexia in a clinical care setting: outcomes and moderators

The clinical effectiveness of a treatment for children with dyslexia was examined, as well as the moderating impact of plausible cognitive and socio-economic factors on treatment success. Results revealed that the treatment group accrued significant greater gains than the control group in reading and spelling skills. The treatment group obtained a level of reading accuracy and spelling that was comparable with the normative mean. Post-treatment levels of reading rate were comparable to the lower bound of the normal range. Treatment effectiveness was robust against individual differences, except for a moderating impact of phonological memory and rapid automatized naming.