Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High School Students Residing in Educational Public Institutions: Health-Risk Behaviors

Although several health-risk behaviors of adolescents have been described in the literature, data of high school students who reside at educational institutions in developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to describe behaviors associated with health risks among high school students who reside at an educational public institution and to associate these variables with the length of stay at the institution. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the year 2015 and included 122 students aged 14–19 years at a federal educational institution in the Midwest of Brazil; students were divided into residents of <8 months and those of >20 months. Information concerning the family socioeconomic status and anthropometric, dietary and behavioral profiles was investigated. Despite being physically active, students exhibited risk-associated behaviors such as cigarette and alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors that were exacerbated by fragile socioeconomic conditions and distance from family. A longer time in residence at the institution was associated with an older age (p ≤ 0.001), adequate body mass index (BMI; p = 0.02), nutritional knowledge (p = 0.01), and less doses of alcohol consumption (p ≤ 0.01) compared with those with shorter times in residence. In conclusion, the students exhibited different health-risk behaviors, and a longer institutional residence time, compared with a shorter time, was found to associate with the reduction of health-risk behaviors.
China's New Labour Contract Law: No Harm to Employment?

In January 2008, China adopted a new labour contract law. This new law represents the most significant reform to the legislation on employment relations in mainland China in more than a decade. The paper provides a theoretical framework on the inter-linkages between labour market regulation, option value and the choice and timing of employment. All in all, the paper demonstrates that the Labour Contract Law in its own right will have only small impacts upon employment in the fast-growing Chinese economy. Rather, induced increasing unit labour costs represent the real issue and may reduce employment.
Tube Wave Attenuation and In-Situ Permeability

The measurement of in-situ permeability is very important in exploration and production logging. Observed data show that tube wave attenuation in full waveform acoustic logs is correlated with formation permeability. It is postulated that attenuation is due to fluid flowing away from the borehoie into the formation. In this paper we investigate the theoretical relationship between tUbe wave attenuation and permeability using two different models. The first is a simple model of a borehole with absorbing walls, and the second is a borehole with a Biot porous medium in the formation. Both models give qualitatively similar results. Tube wave attenuation increases with increasing permeability. Attenuation also increases with increasing frequency and porosity. We have also investigated the relative effects of intrinsic formation attenuation (anelasticity) and permeability on the attenuation of tube waves. Intrinsic attenuation was introduced into the modeis by means of complex velocities. It is found that in rocks with low to medium permeability (less than 100 millidarcies), intrinsic attenuation is the major contributor to tUbe wave attenuation. However, in high permeability (greater than 100 millidarcies) rocks, fluid flow associated with in-situ permeability is as important as intrinsic attenuation in controlling tube wave attenuation. In either case, if one can estimate the intrinsic formation attenuation from the other parts of the full waveform (such as the P wave or the psuedo-Rayleigh wave), an estimate of the permeability of the formation can be obtained. We tested the models using published data on core permeability and tube wave amplitudes. By assuming an average value of intrinsic attenuation appropriate to the formations under study, we obtained a good agreenient between theory and data.
CONSTRAINING THE STRUCTURE OF SAGITTARIUS A*'s ACCRETION FLOW WITH MILLIMETER VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY CLOSURE PHASES

Millimeter wave very long baseline interferometry (mm-VLBI) provides access to the emission region surrounding Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, on sub-horizon scales. Recently, a closure phase of 0° ± 40° was reported on a triangle of Earth-sized baselines (SMT–CARMA–JCMT) representing a new constraint upon the structure and orientation of the emission region, independent from those provided by the previously measured 1.3 mm-VLBI visibility amplitudes alone. Here, we compare this to the closure phases associated with a class of physically motivated, radiatively inefficient accretion flow models and present predictions for future mm-VLBI experiments with the developing Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We find that the accretion flow models are capable of producing a wide variety of closure phases on the SMT–CARMA–JCMT triangle and thus not all models are consistent with the recent observations. However, those models that reproduce the 1.3 mm-VLBI visibility amplitudes overwhelmingly have SMT–CARMA–JCMT closure phases between ±30°, and are therefore broadly consistent with all current mm-VLBI observations. Improving station sensitivity by factors of a few, achievable by increases in bandwidth and phasing together multiple antennas at individual sites, should result in physically relevant additional constraints upon the model parameters and eliminate the current 180° ambiguity on the source orientation. When additional stations are included, closure phases of order 45°–90° are typical. In all cases, the EHT will be able to measure these with sufficient precision to produce dramatic improvements in the constraints upon the spin of Sgr A*.
Social Networks and Peer Effects at Work

This paper extends the standard work effort model by allowing workers to interact through networks. We investigate experimentally whether peer performances and peer contextual effects influence individual performances. Two types of network are considered. Participants in Recursive networks are paired with participants who played previously in isolation. In Simultaneous networks, participants interact in real-time along an undirected line. Mean peer effects are identified in both cases. Individual performances increase with peer performances in the recursive network. In the simultaneous network, endogenous peer effects vary according to gender: they are large for men but not statistically different from zero for women.
Exchanging Information in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks ( VANET )

This paper presents a novel reactive location routing algorithm based on cluster-based flooding for use in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET). We compare position-based and non-positionbased routing strategies in two typical traffic scenarios: urban and motorway. The mobility of vehicles using a microscopic traffic model developed in OPNET is used to evaluate the performance of the reactive Location Routing Algorithm with Cluster-Based Flooding (LORA_CBF), Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in terms of average Route Discovery (RD) time, End-to-End Delay (EED), Routing Load, Routing Overhead, Overhead, and Delivery Ratio.
Looking at the facts : what we know about policy and growth from cross-country analysis

What has the profession learned from cross-country regressions about the links between long-run growth and indicators of fiscal, monetary, trade, financial, and exchange-rate policies? The authors find that: indicators of financial development are strongly associated with long-run growth; other individual policy indicators are only weakly linked to growth; and it is particularly difficult to find a consistent relationship between inflation and long-run growth. For example, the inclusion or exclusion of one or two countries (Nicaragua and Uganda) out of more than 100 countries in the sample can lead to reaching three quite different conclusions: (1) that only very high inflation is bad for growth; (2) that very high inflation in itself is not bad for growth, but small increases in inflation in moderate-inflation countries slow growth; or (3) that inflation is unrelated to growth. The connections between policy indicators and growth are quite sensitive to slight alterations in the right-hand-side variables and to small changes in the sample of countries. And the daunting array of methodological problems limiting the ability to interpret cross-country regressions implies that, at best, they suggest interesting empirical regularities. Cross-country regressions should not be used to predict by how much long-run growth will change when policies change. But beliefs about policy and growth that are not supported by cross-country evidence will tend to be viewed skeptically. So, future work on the policy-growth nexus should integrate broad cross-country analyses with country case studies and investigations of specific firms.
Survey : Vision based Road Detection Techniques

Computer Vision based autonomous robot navigation has caught the attention of many researchers because of its huge potential in various industrial and social applications. This paper focuses on various approaches used to detect road region which is fundamental requirement in applications like intelligent vehicles, lane detection and tracking and driver assistance systems. Broadly speaking techniques proposed for road detection are classified in three categories: activity driven, feature driven and model driven. This paper surveys development of last decade in the field of vision based road region detection. Two major components discussed in this paper are methods for structured and unstructured road detection. Keywords— Computer vision, autonomous navigation, structured roads, unstructured roads.
Efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose administration for correcting preoperative anemia in patients scheduled for major orthopedic surgery.

To the Editor:—Preoperative anemia is a common condition among surgical patients, and it is an independent risk factor for blood transfusion in major surgery with moderate to high blood loss. Consequently, the first step to be taken in the setting of elective surgery will be the preoperative identification and evaluation of anemia early enough to implement the appropriate treatment. In this regard, we read with interest the report by Theusinger et al. 1 about the use of intravenous iron sucrose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in orthopedic surgical patients. They found a mean maximum increase in hemoglobin (1.0 0.6 g/dl) 2 weeks after the start of intravenous iron treatment, indicating that administration of intravenous iron 2–3 weeks before surgery may be optimal. We would like to comment regarding the patients’ inclusion criteria, the dosage and administration schedule of iron sucrose, and the comparison of their data with those of the study by Cuenca et al. 2 in patients sustaining a pertrochanteric hip fracture. First, although Theusinger et al. 1 clearly defined anemia according to World Health Organization criteria as hemoglobin level 12 g/dl for women and hemoglobin 13 g/dl for men, their definition of iron deficiency was complex and somehow arbitrary. According to other authors, iron deficiency anemia is defined by anemia with mean corpuscular volume 80 fl, ferritin level 15–30 g/l, and transferrin saturation 15%. 1 On the other hand, in the event of inflammation (C-reactive protein 5 mg/l), iron deficiency may be defined as transferrin saturation 20% and ferritin 50 –100 g/l. 3 Therefore, the cutoff values used in this paper (ferritin 100 mg/l or 100 –300 g/l with transferrin saturation 20%) are compatible not only with iron deficiency anemia but also with anemia of chronic disease, with or without true iron deficiency. 3,4 Thus, it is conceivable that a mixed anemic patient population was included in this study. This may be important, because the endogenous erythropoietin response to low hemoglobin is more substantial in iron deficiency anemia than in anemia of chronic disease, and erythropoietin increases the mobilization and incorporation of iron into the erythron. 3 Inflammatory mediators involved in anemia of chronic disease also impair duodenal iron absorption and iron mobilization from body stores. 4
CpG Island Methylator Phenotype and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in Northeast China

Purpose. To investigate the association between CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and the overall survival of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in Northeast China. Methods. 282 sporadic CRC patients were recruited in this study. We selected MLH1, MGMT, p16, APC, MINT1, MINT31, and RUNX3 as the CIMP panel markers. The promoter methylation was assessed by methylation sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM). Proportional hazards-regression models were fitted with computing hazard ratios (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. 12.77% (36/282) of patients were CIMP-0, 74.1% (209/282) of patients were CIMP-L, and 13.12% (37/282) of patients were CIMP-H. The five-year survival of the 282 CRC patients was 58%. There was significant association between APC gene promoter methylation and CRC overall survival (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.46; P = 0.03). CIMP-H was significantly associated with worse prognosis compared to CIMP-0 (HR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.19–7.89; P = 0.02) and CIMP-L (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.11–3.48; P = 0.02), respectively. While comparing with the combine of CIMP-L and CIMP-0 (CIMP-L/0), CIMP-H also presented a worse prognosis (HR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.02–5.24; P = 0.04). Conclusion. CIMP-H may be a predictor of a poor prognosis of CRC in Northeast China patients.
Attention operates uniformly throughout the classical receptive field and the surround

Shifting attention among visual stimuli at different locations modulates neuronal responses in heterogeneous ways, depending on where those stimuli lie within the receptive fields of neurons. Yet how attention interacts with the receptive-field structure of cortical neurons remains unclear. We measured neuronal responses in area V4 while monkeys shifted their attention among stimuli placed in different locations within and around neuronal receptive fields. We found that attention interacts uniformly with the spatially-varying excitation and suppression associated with the receptive field. This interaction explained the large variability in attention modulation across neurons, and a non-additive relationship among stimulus selectivity, stimulus-induced suppression and attention modulation that has not been previously described. A spatially-tuned normalization model precisely accounted for all observed attention modulations and for the spatial summation properties of neurons. These results provide a unified account of spatial summation and attention-related modulation across both the classical receptive field and the surround. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17256. 001
Rapid and multiple-stage activation of the human amygdala for processing facial signals

Human faces transmit multiple valuable signals, and neuroimaging studies have shown that the amygdala is active in response to facial stimuli. However, little has been known about the temporal profile of amygdala activation during facial signal processing until recently. Here we review three recent studies conducted by our group in which we recorded amygdala intracranial electroencephalography in humans. The subjects were engaged in tasks that required automatic processing of faces, eye gazes and emotional expressions. Time-frequency statistical parametric mapping analyses revealed that the amygdala showed gamma-band activation in response to emotional expressions, gazes and faces, with peak latencies at about 100 ms, 200 ms and 250 ms, respectively. These results suggest that: (1) the amygdala performs multiple-stage processing in response to these facial signals using different visual input routes, and (2) amygdala activation for processing all of these facial signals is rapid, which could be prior to or simultaneous with conscious awareness of faces.
Tracking Monetary-Fiscal Interactions Across Time and Space

The long-term fiscal outlook of most high-income countries is grim. Should independent central bankers be afraid of an unpleasant monetarist arithmetic, i.e., fiscal imbalances spilling over to monetary policy and jeopardizing price stability? To provide some insights, this paper tracks the interactions between fiscal and monetary policies in the data since 1980 for Australia, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In doing so it uses a combination of time-varying parameter vector autoregression with sign, magnitude, and contemporaneous restrictions identification. Unlike conventional approaches, this can capture changes in monetary and fiscal behavior that are gradual and differ across the two policies. Our results show that in the United States the degree of monetary policy accommodation of fiscal shocks (debt-financed government spending) increased gradually between the late 1980s and the 2008 crisis, i.e., over the whole tenure of Chairman Greenspan. In contrast, it seems to have decreased over this period in the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and Canada. Our benchmark analysis and several robustness checks show that legislating numerical inflation targets may account for some of the country differences, presumably because they may shift the strategic power from fiscal to monetary policy. We conclude by considering the implications of our results for the long-term likelihood of an unpleasant monetarist arithmetic in the six countries.
Fractional order constitutive model of geomaterials under the condition of triaxial test

Fractional calculus has been successfully applied to characterize the rheological property of viscoelastic materials; however, geomaterials were seldom involved in fractional order constitutive models (FOCM), and the topic of first loading and then unloading is rarely discussed through fractional calculus. In this paper, mechanical properties are considered as a ‘spectrum’, both ends of which are elasticity and viscosity, and the fractional order can be utilized to describe such properties quantitatively. In addition to conditions such as creep, stress‐relaxation, and constant‐strain‐rate loading, stress‐strain relationship under the condition of first loading and then unloading was also derived using FOCM. FOCM is then adopted to simulate triaxial tests of geomaterials under corresponding conditions. A comparison of test and numerical results demonstrates that FOCM can reasonably describe the mechanical characteristics of geomaterials.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre-Treatment Anemia Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients

Background Anemia refers to low hemoglobin (Hb) levels, represents a common symptom and complication in cancer patients and was reported to negatively influence survival in patients with various malignancies. In the present study, we aimed to explore the prognostic impact of pre-operative Hb levels on clinical outcome in a large cohort of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients after curative surgery. Methods Retrospective data from 367 STS patients, which were operated between 1998 and 2013, were included in the study. Cut-off levels for anemia were defined as Hb<13 g/dl in males and Hb<12 g/dl in females according to the current WHO guidelines. The impact of pre-operative Hb levels on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, Hb levels were compared for the prognostic influence on CSS and OS applying univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models. Results Hb level was associated with established prognostic factors, including age, tumor grade, size and depth (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that low Hb levels were significantly associated with decreased CSS and OS in STS patients (p<0.001 for both endpoints, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, we found an independent association between low Hb levels and poor CSS and OS (HR = 0.46, Cl 95% = 0.25–0.85, p = 0.012; HR = 0.34, Cl 95% = 0.23–0.51, p<0.001). Conclusion The present data underline a negative prognostic impact of low pre-operative Hb levels on clinical outcome in STS patients. Thus, Hb levels may provide an additional and cost-effective tool to discriminate between STS patients that are at high risk of mortality.
Low Complexity MIMO Precoding Codebooks from Orthoplex Packings

A construction of Grassmannian packings related to representation theory is applied to build implementation-friendly MIMO precoding codebooks when the number of transmit antennas is a power of a prime. Using the chordal distance as a metric, some of the corresponding packings appear to be optimal by meeting the othoplex bound. Also, by using only some of the codewords, smaller packings satisfying the equal power per antenna constraint may be found. Optimality with reference to this constraint may be shown by using a modification of the Conway-Hardin-Sloane's spherical embedding of the Grassmann manifold for equal per-antenna codebooks.
One error control scheme for ATM header

Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (WATM) have been proposed by ETSI and ATM Forum for some communications applications. The ATM employs header error control (HEC) to protect the ATM cell header from bit error and/or avoid the miss forwarding of ATM cell. Standard HEC is based on CRC polynomial. Its decoding allows single error correction and it is usually based on exploitation of look-up tables or other relatively complex procedure caused by necessity to determine the position of the single error in a ATM cell header. This paper describes one additional FEC method for ATM cell header. The new approach has slightly better error control capability and simultaneously its decoding method is very simple and avoids the usage of look up tables. The FEC scheme is using the same redundancy as the standard method – 1 byte, but it allows correcting not only all single-bit errors in a header, but also some double-bit errors, triple-bit errors and quadruple-bit errors.
Synaptic Mechanisms of Direction Selectivity in Primary Auditory Cortex

Frequency modulation (FM) is a prominent feature in animal vocalization and human speech. Although many neurons in the auditory cortex are known to be selective for FM direction, the synaptic mechanisms underlying this selectivity are not well understood. Previous studies of both visual and auditory neurons have suggested two general mechanisms for direction selectivity: (1) differential delays of excitatory inputs across the spatial/spectral receptive field and (2) spatial/spectral offset between excitatory and inhibitory inputs. In this study, we have examined the contributions of both mechanisms to FM direction selectivity in rat primary auditory cortex. The excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to each cortical neuron were measured by in vivo whole-cell recording. The spectrotemporal receptive field of each type of inputs was mapped with random tone pips and compared with direction selectivity of the neuron measured with FM stimuli. We found that both the differential delay of the excitatory input and the spectral offset between excitation and inhibition are positively correlated with direction selectivity of the neuron. Thus, both synaptic mechanisms are likely to contribute to FM direction selectivity in the auditory cortex. Finally, direction selectivity measured from the spiking output is significantly stronger than that based on the subthreshold membrane potentials, indicating that the selectivity is further sharpened by the spike generation mechanism.