Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Dengue Outbreaks Based on Disease Surveillance and Meteorological Data

Research is needed to create early warnings of dengue outbreaks to inform stakeholders and control the disease. This analysis composes of a comparative set of prediction models including only meteorological variables; only lag variables of disease surveillance; as well as combinations of meteorological and lag disease surveillance variables. Generalized linear regression models were used to fit relationships between the predictor variables and the dengue surveillance data as outcome variable on the basis of data from 2001 to 2010. Data from 2011 to 2013 were used for external validation purposed of prediction accuracy of the model. Model fit were evaluated based on prediction performance in terms of detecting epidemics, and for number of predicted cases according to RMSE and SRMSE, as well as AIC. An optimal combination of meteorology and autoregressive lag terms of dengue counts in the past were identified best in predicting dengue incidence and the occurrence of dengue epidemics. Past data on disease surveillance, as predictor alone, visually gave reasonably accurate results for outbreak periods, but not for non-outbreaks periods. A combination of surveillance and meteorological data including lag patterns up to a few years in the past showed most predictive of dengue incidence and occurrence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The external validation showed poorer results than the internal validation, but still showed skill in detecting outbreaks up to two months ahead. Prior studies support the fact that past meteorology and surveillance data can be predictive of dengue. However, to a less extent has prior research shown how the longer-term past disease incidence data, up to years, can play a role in predicting outbreaks in the coming years, possibly indicating cross-immunity status of the population.
Auditory Fear Conditioning and Long-Term Potentiation in the Lateral Amygdala Require ERK/MAP Kinase Signaling in the Auditory Thalamus: A Role for Presynaptic Plasticity in the Fear System

In the present study, we examined the role of the auditory thalamus [medial division of the medial geniculate nucleus and the adjacent posterior intralaminar nucleus (MGm/PIN)] in auditory pavlovian fear conditioning using pharmacological manipulation of intracellular signaling pathways. In the first experiment, rats were given intrathalamic infusions of the MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase) inhibitor 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(o-aminophenylmercapto) butadiene (U0126) before fear conditioning. Findings revealed that long-term memory (assessed at 24 h) was impaired, whereas short-term memory (assessed at 1-3 h) of fear conditioning was intact. In the second experiment, rats received immediate posttraining intrathalamic infusion of U0126, the mRNA synthesis inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), or infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. Posttraining infusion of either U0126 or DRB significantly impaired long-term retention of fear conditioning, whereas infusion of anisomycin had no effect. In the final experiment, rats received intrathalamic infusion of U0126 before long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing stimulation of thalamic inputs to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). Findings revealed that thalamic infusion of U0126 impaired LTP in the LA. Together, these results suggest the possibility that MGm/PIN cells that project to the LA contribute to memory formation via ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)-mediated transcription, but that they do so by promoting protein synthesis-dependent plasticity locally in the LA.
Association of White Matter Lesions and Lacunar Infarcts With Executive Functioning

The authors investigated the association of white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts with cognitive performance and whether brain atrophy mediates these associations. Within the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease-Magnetic Resonance study (2001–2005, the Netherlands), cross-sectional analyses of 522 patients were performed (mean age, 57 years (standard deviation, 10); 76% male). Brain segmentation was used to quantify volumes of brain tissue, cerebrospinal ﬂuid, and white matter lesions. Infarcts were rated visually. Brain volume, ventricular volume, and gray matter volume were divided by intracranial volume to obtain indicators of brain atrophy. Neuropsychological tests assessing executive functioning and memory were performed, and scores were transformed into z scores. The authors used linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education, in-telligence, and vascular risk factors, to investigate the association of white matter lesions and number of lacunar infarcts with cognitive performance. A 1-standard-deviation higher volume of white matter lesions ( b ¼ (cid:1) 0.12, 95% conﬁdence interval: (cid:1) 0.20, (cid:1) 0.04) and the presence of (cid:2) 2 lacunar infarcts ( b ¼ (cid:1) 0.48, 95% conﬁdence interval: (cid:1) 0.87, (cid:1) 0.09) were associated with worse executive functioning. These associations remained after adjusting for brain atrophy. Both were not associated with worse memory. Results suggest that subcortical ischemic vascular lesions are associated with decreased executive functioning, but not with memory functioning, independent of brain atrophy.
Multi-everything Sonar Simulator (MESS)

This paper describes the multi-everything sonar simulator (MESS), a system for performing general active or passive undersea sonar simulations. It is designed to provide element or beam-level data, in the time or frequency domain, in either a real or basebanded format. It is capable of handling any number and variety of sources, receivers, and targets with arbitrary, rigid-body trajectories in three dimensions. In general, simulated data will contain contributions from all sound sources: ambient noise, reverberation, source direct blasts, target echoes, target radiated noise and receiver self noise. The underlying signal generation, acoustic propagation, and physical interactions are performed using the sonar simulation toolset (SST), which in turn uses the comprehensive acoustic sonar system (CASS) and Gaussian ray bundle (GRAB) algorithm for eigenray generation. Acoustic propagation is ray-based only but is range dependent. The system may be used for generating active, passive or combined active/passive scenarios. It may also be used to inject active or passive targets into existing, real-world data sets
WHY NOT LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS? 4A MATRIX OF ENERGY CHOICE AMONG URBAN BELOW POVERTY LINE HOUSEHOLDS IN INDIA

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of the cleanest sources of fuel for urban below poverty line (BPL) households and households of urban BPL group are shifting from traditional cooking fuels to cleaner energy use. However, providing cleaner sources of cooking fuel to its urban BPL households has become one of the biggest challenges for developing countries. This paper reported on a recent survey on the household energy consumption pattern of urban (BPL) families living in the slums of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The present study developed a 4A’s matrix (Affordability, Availability, Awareness, and Attitude) to evaluate the different reasons behind acceptance and non-acceptance of LPG among the respondents. The results indicate that the 4 A’s do not function in silos; rather they create a cumulative effect by working alongside of each other.
Information aggregation in a catastrophe futures market

We experimentally examine a reinsurance market in which participants have differing information regarding the probability distribution over losses. The key question is whether the market equilibrium reflects traders maximizing value with respect to their different priors, or whether the equilibrium is one based on a common belief incorporating all participants' information. When assuming subjects are expected value maximizers, we reject both full information aggregation and no information aggregation equilibria. We discover, as in past individual choice insurance experiments, that buyers under-assess the probabilities of large loss states, or alternatively, subjects assign larger utility values to losses than to comparable gains. After accounting for these decision theoretic concerns, the non-aggregation of information hypothesis explains the data better than full information aggregation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representations of tame quivers and affine canonical bases

An integral PBW-basis of type $A_1^{(1)}$ has been constructed by Zhang [Z] and Chen [C] using the Auslander-Reiten quiver of the Kronecker quiver. We associate a geometric order to elements in this basis following an idea of Lusztig [L1] in the case of finite type. This leads to an algebraic realization of a bar-invariant basis of $\uq2$. For any affine symmetric type, we obtain an integral PBW-basis of the generic composition algebra, by using an algebraic construction of the integral basis for a tube in [DDX], an embedding of the module category of the Kronecker quiver into the module category of the tame quiver, and a list of the root vectors of indecomposable modules according to the preprojective, regular, and preinjective components of the Auslander-Reiten quiver of the tame quiver. When the basis elements are ordered to be compatible with the geometric order given by the dimensions of the orbit varieties and the extension varieties, we can show that the transition matrix between the PBW-basis and a monomial basis is triangular with diagonal entries equal to 1. Therefore we obtain a bar-invariant basis. By a orthogonalization for the PBW-basis with the inner product, we finally give an algebraic way to realize the canonical bases of the quantized enveloping algebras of all symmetric affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras.
Political Inequality in Affluent Democracies : The Social Welfare Deficit

I examine the relationship between public opinion and social spending in thirty affluent democracies over the past three decades. I find that governments’ responsiveness to citizens’ preferences was highly skewed in favor of affluent citizens, who were generally less supportive of the welfare state than poor citizens were. This bias in responsiveness reduced the equilibrium level of social spending in most countries by 10-15%. Separate analyses of subsets of countryyears differentiated by political culture, democratic consolidation, electoral and policy-making institutions, national wealth, and economic inequality produced significant evidence of severe disparities in responsiveness in every case. These findings suggest that political inequality is rampant in contemporary affluent democracies.
Prevalence of helicobacter pylori in chronic gastritis: A cross sectional study

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human infections worldwide particularly in the developing countries. It has been established as etiology of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT). During this decade, there have been some reports showing a decline in global prevalence of H. pylori infection and peptic diseases including many Asian countries. Hence to determine prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients, this descriptive, study was carried out at the Endoscopy sub-unit of the Surgery Department from December 2016 to September 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was underwent in patients coming to Department of General Surgery OPD with complaints of dyspepsia for more than 6 months, in Govt. Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital Chennai. Eighty seven (87) patients between 20-60 years of age with symptoms of dyspepsia are selected. RESULTS: Of 87 patients, 62% of individuals had chronic gastritis and 50% of individuals are infected with H. pylori. Majority of H. pylori infected individuals are in the age group of 5th decade (56.7%). Gender, alcohol, smoking doesn’t show any correlation with H. pylori individual. Most endoscopic finding is Gastritis (62.06%). The prevalence of H. pylori is more in tobacco users (73.7%) and it is statistically significant. The prevalence of H. pylori in chronic gastritis is 70.4% which is statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study was done with the objective to find the prevalence of H. pylori in chronic gastritis. The study showed that 62.1% of study population were having chronic gastritis and 50.6% of individuals are infected with H. pylori. It also shown that 70.4% of individuals in chronic gastritis are affected with H. pylori. This study shows the significant relationship between chronic gastritis and H. pylori infection.
Proposed Wall Function Models for Heat Transfer around a Cylinder with Rough Surface in Cross Flow

This paper proposes wall function models to simulate the heat transfer around a cylinder in cross flow with an isothermal and rough surface. The selected case has similitudes with aircraft wing icing: the ice roughness shape, height and distribution. Moreover, the flow is somewhat similar to that found on iced airfoil; and the surface is isothermal like when icing. The Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes, turbulence, energy and mass conservation 7-equation system is solved by two Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. To represent accurately the effects of roughness on the heat transfer, the present authors had to modify both codes and to propose new thermal wall functions for them. In addition, it was implemented a momentum wall function that is not so common in CFD codes but it is a standard in aircraft icing simulation. Basically, the present paper is focused on presenting the simulation results improvement obtained by the implementation of thermal wall functions that also considered the effect thermal resistance of viscous sub-layer on convective heat transfer. The numerical results were compared to experimental data of heat transfer around cylinders with an isothermally heated surface and equivalent sand grain roughness height of Ks=D = 900 10 5 . For the selected case, the flow regime was trans-critical at Reynolds numbers Re = ue D=n = 2:2 10 5 . Due to significant blockage effects present in the experimental data, the tunnel walls were also meshed and simulated. In sum, the implementation into CFD codes was considered adequate because the results were close to experimental data around the whole cylinder surface, not only along the leading edge or the separated region. The results accuracy were improved when compared with CFD factory original models. However, the results indicate that further works on wall functions and their validation are required before using CFD in wing aircraft icing.
Assessment of compatibility of ICRF antenna operation with full W wall in ASDEX Upgrade

The compatibility of ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) antenna operation with high-Z plasma facing components is assessed in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) with its tungsten (W) first wall. The mechanism of ICRF-related W sputtering was studied by various diagnostics including the local spectroscopic measurements of W sputtering yield YW on antenna limiters. Modification of one antenna with triangular shields, which cover the locations where long magnetic field lines pass only one out of two (0π)-phased antenna straps, did not influence the locally measured YW values markedly. In the experiments with antennas powered individually, poloidal profiles of YW on limiters of powered antennas show high YW close to the equatorial plane and at the very edge of the antenna top. The YW-profile on an unpowered antenna limiter peaks at the location projecting to the top of the powered antenna. An interpretation of the YW measurements is presented, assuming a direct link between the W sputtering and the sheath driving RF voltages deduced from parallel electric near-field (E||) calculations and this suggests a strong E|| at the antenna limiters. However, uncertainties are too large to describe the YW poloidal profiles. In order to reduce ICRF-related rise in W concentration CW, an operational approach and an approach based on calculations of parallel electric fields with new antenna designs are considered. In the operation, a noticeable reduction in YW and CW in the plasma during ICRF operation with W wall can be achieved by (a) increasing plasma–antenna clearance; (b) strong gas puffing; (c) decreasing the intrinsic light impurity content (mainly oxygen and carbon in AUG). In calculations, which take into account a realistic antenna geometry, the high E|| fields at the antenna limiters are reduced in several ways: (a) by extending the antenna box and the surrounding structures parallel to the magnetic field; (b) by increasing the average strap–box distance, e.g. by increasing the number of toroidally distributed straps; (c) by a better balance of (0π)-phased contributions to RF image currents.
in Patients with Features of Good Prognosis1

Amplification of chromosome 11q13 is frequently observed in human malignancies, including breast cancers. A candidate oncogene at this locus is the CCNDJ gene, which encodes the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin Dl. Because published data on the relationship between 11q13 amplification and prognosis in breast cancer have been controversial, we investigated the clinical significance of CCNDJ amplification and its association with established clinicopathological features of prognosis in 1014 primary breast cancer patients. Amplification of the CCNDJ gene and the INT-2/FGF-3 gene, which also maps to 11q13, was 10% and 17%, respectively. There were no associations between CCNDI or INT-2 amplification
Predicting Long-Term Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Simple Index Works in Patients From Controlled Clinical Trials

Background and Purpose— An early and reliable prognosis for recovery in stroke patients is important for initiation of individual treatment and for informing patients and relatives. We recently developed and validated models for predicting survival and functional independence within 3 months after acute stroke, based on age and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score assessed within 6 hours after stroke. Herein we demonstrate the applicability of our models in an independent sample of patients from controlled clinical trials. Methods— The prognostic models were used to predict survival and functional recovery in 5419 patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA). Furthermore, we tried to improve the accuracy by adapting intercepts and estimating new model parameters. Results— The original models were able to correctly classify 70.4% (survival) and 72.9% (functional recovery) of patients. Because the prediction was slightly pessimistic for patients in the controlled trials, adapting the intercept improved the accuracy to 74.8% (survival) and 74.0% (functional recovery). Novel estimation of parameters, however, yielded no relevant further improvement. Conclusions— For acute ischemic stroke patients included in controlled trials, our easy-to-apply prognostic models based on age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score correctly predicted survival and functional recovery after 3 months. Furthermore, a simple adaptation helps to adjust for a different prognosis and is recommended if a large data set is available.
Scoring Arrears at a Microlender in Bolivia

Can scoring models help microlenders in poor countries as much as they have helped credit-card lenders in rich countries? This paper presents a scorecard that predicts the probability that loans from a microlender in Bolivia will have arrears of 15 days or more. Although arrears in microfinance depend on many factors difficult to include in scorecards, the paper shows that inexpensive, simple-to-collect data does have some predictive power. In micro-finance, scoring will not replace loan officers, but it can flag high-risk cases and act as a cross-check on loan officers' judgment.
Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH) and its shortened version (QuickDASH).

STUDY DESIGN Prospective, single-group observational design. OBJECTIVES To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome measure and its shortened version (QuickDASH) in patients with upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders, using a triangulation of distribution- and anchor-based approaches. BACKGROUND Meaningful threshold change values of outcome tools are crucial for the clinical decision-making process. METHODS The DASH and QuickDASH were administered to 255 patients (mean ± SD age, 49 ± 15 years; 156 women) before and after a physical therapy program. The external anchor administered after the program was a 7-point global rating of change scale. RESULTS The test-retest reliability of the DASH and QuickDASH was high (intraclass correlation coefficient model 2,1 = 0.93 and 0.91, respectively; n = 30). The minimum detectable change at the 90% confidence level was 10.81 points for the DASH and 12.85 points for the QuickDASH. After triangulation of these results with those of the mean-change approach and receiver-operating-characteristic-curve analysis, the following MCID values were selected: 10.83 points for the DASH (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 74%) and 15.91 points for the QuickDASH (sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 75%). After treatment, the MCID threshold was reached/surpassed by 61% of subjects using the DASH and 57% using the QuickDASH. CONCLUSION The MCID values from this study for the DASH (10.83 points) and the QuickDASH (15.91 points) could represent the lower boundary for a range of MCID values (reasonably useful for different populations and contextual characteristics). The upper boundary may be represented by the 15 points for the DASH and 20 points for the QuickDASH proposed by the DASH website.
Autogenous Deformation of Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete Subjected to Variable Curing Temperatures

Deformations of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) with high MgO and Al2O3 content, subjected to variable curing temperature were studied. Sodium silicate and sodium carbonate were used as alkali activators. The obtained results showed development of deformations consisting of both shrinkage and expansion. Shrinkage appeared not to be affected by the activator type, while the expansion developed after the cooling down phase in stabilized isothermal conditions and did not stop within the duration of the tests. X-ray diffraction analysis performed shortly after the cooling down phase indicated the formation of crystalline hydrotalcite, which was associated with the observed expansion. A mixture with a higher amount of sodium silicate showed less expansion, likely due to the accelerated hydration and geopolymerization leading to the increased stiffness of the binder matrix.
Swapping trajectories: a new wall-induced cross-streamline particle migration mechanism in a dilute suspension of spheres

Binary encounters between spherical particles in shear flow are studied for a system bounded by a single planar wall or two parallel planar walls under creeping flow conditions. We show that wall proximity gives rise to a new class of binary trajectories resulting in cross-streamline migration of the particles. The spheres on these new trajectories do not pass each other (as they would in free space) but instead they swap their cross-streamline positions. To determine the significance of the wall-induced particle migration, we have evaluated the hydrodynamic self-diffusion coefficient associated with a sequence of uncorrelated particle displacements due to binary particle encounters. The results of our calculations quantitatively agree with the experimental value obtained by Zarraga & Leighton (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 2002, p. 2194) for the self-diffusivity in a dilute suspension of spheres undergoing shear flow in a Couette device. We thus show that the wall-induced cross-streamline particle migration is the source of the anomalously large self-diffusivity revealed by their experiments.