Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relating individual differences in attitude toward ambiguity to risky choices

Subjects (76 adult Italians of varying ages) completed a two-part procedure. One part used an Ellsberg-type task which allowed for both aggregate and individual level analysis of Attitude toward Ambiguity. The other part used an expanded risky choice task to assess the same subjects' Attitude toward Risk. While there was an overall tendency for subjects to be slightly ambiguity-averse, there was a positive correlation between Attitude toward Ambiguity and Attitude toward Risk. This relation was particularly strong when the risky choice was to avoid a loss rather than to achieve a gain. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Field Study of the Antecedents and Performance Consequences of Perceived Accountability

Building on theoretical and empirical work considering the implications of accountability on individual behavior, the authors explored the antecedents and consequences of individual perceptions of accountability for job performance. Using data from two field samples, the authors considered whether the manager’s monitoring behavior thought to enhance perceptions of accountability for behaviors and outcomes predicted greater perceived accountability for task performance and interpersonal facilitation performance. They also explored whether perceived accountability mediated the relationship between monitoring behavior and subsequent performance. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that subordinates of managers whose monitoring behavior reinforced perceptions of accountability perceived greater accountability for performance and that this perception mediated the relationship between managerial monitoring behavior and performance. The implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.
Affective Commitment to Organizations and Supervisors and Turnover: A Role Theory Perspective

Drawing from role theory and structural functionalism, we examined the temporal relationship between employees’ affective commitment to the organization (ACO) and affective commitment to the supervisor (ACS) and how these commitments affect turnover. We further examined perceived supervisor-organization value congruence as a moderator. In Study 1, a three-wave panel study (N = 317), we found longitudinal change in ACO to result in a temporal change in ACS, suggesting ACO precedes ACS. Study 2 (N = 272) extended this result by looking at the relationships of these commitments to turnover and perceived supervisor-organization value congruence as a moderator. ACS mediated a negative relationship between ACO and turnover. Moreover, ACO’s relationship with ACS and indirect relationship with turnover were stronger at high levels of supervisor-organization value congruence.
A Computational Framework for Determining Stereo Correspondence from a Set of Linear Spatial Filters Perception of Three-dimensional Structure from Motion Review

A theory of illusory lightness and transparency in monocular and binocular images: the role of contour junctions Structure-from-moti on (SFM) is the perception of depth induced by retinal motion. Although primates use other cues for depth perception, most notably stereopsis, the ability to perceive depth from motion is perhaps the earliest form of depth perception, and is believed to be used by lower animals such as insects and fish that lack stereopsis. SFM, also known as kinetic depth, was studied psycho-physically by Wallach and other psychologists in the early part of this century 1,2. However, until recently, the neural mechanisms responsible for this amazing perceptual phenomenon have not been understood. We review here recent experiments that are identifying the anatomical pathways and neural algorithms responsible for three-dimensional (3-D) SFM perception. Position versus motion cues There are two general theories of SFM perception: those that use motion measurements 3–7 and those based on position measurements 8–12. Perhaps the best known position-based model is Ullman's original incremental-rigidity algorithm 8. This algorithm keeps track of the positions of specific points, across sample frames of the 2-D image, to reach a rigid, 3-D interpretation. Motion-based algorithms The ability to perceive the 3-D shape of objects solely from motion cues is referred to as structure-from-motion perception. Recent experiments indicate how this remarkable perceptual attribute is computed by the brains of primates. This computation proceeds in at least two stages, one in which motion measurements are made and another in which moving surfaces are reconstructed. The middle temporal area (MT) in the macaque monkey appears to play a pivotal role in the latter step and suggests a previously unappreciated function for this well-known cortical region, which had previously been thought to play a more rudimentary role in simply signaling the direction of motion of images.
Evidence for the Involvement of Spinal Cord-Inhibitory and Cytokines-Modulatory Mechanisms in the Anti-Hyperalgesic Effect of Hecogenin Acetate, a Steroidal Sapogenin-Acetylated, in Mice

Hecogenin is a steroidal sapogenin largely drawn from the plants of the genus Agave, commonly known as ‘sisal’, and is one of the important precursors used by the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of steroid hormones. Hecogenin acetate (HA) is a steroidal sapogenin-acetylated that produces antinociceptive activity. Thus, we evaluate the antihyperalgesic profile of HA in mice in inflammatory models, as well as its possible involvement with c-fos expression on spinal cord area and cytokines to produces analgesic profile. Acute pretreatment with HA (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg; i.p.) inhibited the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, TNF-α, dopamine and PGE2. Additionally, the immunofluorescence data demonstrated that acute pretreatment with HA, at all doses tested, significantly inhibited Fos-like expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn normally observed after carrageenan-inflammation. Moreover, HA did not affect the motor performance of the mice as tested in the Rota rod test. This antinociceptive profile seems to be related, at least in part, to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-1β. The present results suggest that HA attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia by blocking the neural transmission of pain at the spinal cord levels and by cytokines-inhibitory mechanisms.
Internationalization of Higher Education in the Developing and Emerging Countries: A Focus on Transnational Higher Education in Asia

This article begins with an introduction to the context and general situation of transnational higher education (TNHE) in Asia, especially in East and Southeast Asia. It then examines development of TNHE in some selected Asian countries from different perspectives and provides a detailed description of TNHE in China. The article concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities for the development of TNHE in Asia.
University-Industry Relations and Technological Convergence

University-industry relationships and the associated diversity of multi-institutional networks of researchers are phenomena that have important implications in terms of the management of technological integration. The nature of these peculiar relationships has inherent knowledge generation characteristics that may be particularly suitable to the task of integrating different approaches and different technologies in novel ways. This paper attempts to systematize and synthesize recent literature on the subject. It focuses on the relationships between forms or modes of academia and industry cooperative channels and their implications on knowledge production and exploitation. It explores their contribution in terms of its potential as a tool that can be used in the management of technological convergence. It presents relevant or illustrative examples, describing the main empirical findings and their important contributions, and it proposes a model that conceptualises the problem.
The first 10 years of Accounting History as an international refereed journal: 1996–2005

This article undertakes a content analysis of publications in the first 10 years of the new series of the journal Accounting History. In so doing, it adds to the prior literature examining publishing patterns in the accounting history discipline. The article commences by providing an historical background to the introduction of the new series and the journal's editorial team. This is followed by a content analysis of the journal's research publications. This analysis examines patterns of authorship, the journal's most published authors, institutional and geographical affiliations of authors, author gender and article classifications.
Aberrant Expression of E-cadherin in Lobular Carcinomas of the Breast

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and lobular carcinoma in situ characteristically show loss of E-cadherin expression and so immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin is being increasingly used as a tool to differentiate between lobular and ductal lesions in challenging situations. However, misinterpretation of “aberrant” positive staining may lead some to exclude a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma. E-cadherin and β-catenin immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 25 ILCs. E-cadherin “positive” ILCs were subjected to molecular analysis including comparative genomic hybridization. Different morphologic components of case 25, showing heterogenous E-cadherin expression, were analyzed by E-cadherin gene sequencing, methylation, and DASL gene expression profiling. Four ILCs were positive for E-cadherin, but each also had neoplastic cells with aberrant staining. Two of these ILCs were positive for β-catenin, again with some aberrantly stained neoplastic cells, and 2 were negative. The solid component of case 25 was positive for E-cadherin whereas the classic and alveolar areas were negative. All components harbored an in-frame deletion in exon 7 (867del24) of the E-cadherin gene and loss of the wild type allele. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated evidence of clonal evolution from E-cadherin–positive to E-cadherin–negative components. E-cadherin down-regulation seems to be through transcriptional repression via activation of transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2 rather than methylation. Positive staining for E-cadherin should not preclude a diagnosis of lobular in favor of ductal carcinoma. Molecular evidence suggests that even when E-cadherin is expressed, the cadherin-catenin complex maybe nonfunctional. Misclassification of tumors may lead to mismanagement of patients in clinical practice, particularly in the context of in situ disease at margins.
Trait anxiety among Japanese massage practitioners with visual impairment: what is required in Japanese rehabilitation education?

This questionnaire-based study of Japanese massage practitioners with visual impairment (n = 155, 126 males, 29 females, mean age = 41 years) found that measures of self-repression, helplessness and `daily hassles' were positively correlated to measures of trait anxiety. Also, trait anxiety was negatively associated with measures of self-esteem and perceived emotional support. Participants with moderate visual impairment (able to read print) showed significantly higher trait anxiety than those with severe visual impairment (those who read braille). Moreover, compared to sighted people in other medical professions, the participants in this study demonstrated higher levels of self-repression. Regarding onset of impairment, people with onset in adolescence had significantly higher self-repression scores than those with onset in adulthood. Overall, the results of this study are used to argue the importance of establishing social support systems in the workplace as well as incorporating psychological approaches with communication skills training in rehabilitation education for people with visual impairment.
The Relation of Candidate Personality With Selection-Interview Outcomes

Two studies examined the relation of personality on the interview process. Study 1 was designed to examine these behaviors and characteristics in a lab sctting. while Study 2 examined similar variables in a field setting. Study 1 demonstrated that Type A achievemetit strivings, extraversion, work locus of control. neuroticism. and trait anxiety were related to interview outcomes in simulated employment interviews. Study 2 examined the relation of personality characteristics to outcomes of actual interviews conducted by college recruiters. Type A achievement striving, work locus of control. and trait anxiety were found to be related to interviewer decision outcomes.
Thread-spawning schemes for speculative multithreading

Speculative multithreading has been recently proposed to boost performance by means of exploiting thread-level parallelism in applications difficult to parallelize. The performance of these processors heavily depends on the partitioning policy used to split the program into threads. Previous work uses heuristics to spawn speculative threads based on easily-detectable program constructs such as loops or subroutines. In this work we propose a profile-based mechanism to divide programs into threads by searching for those parts of the code that have certain features that could benefit from potential thread-level parallelism. Our profile-based spawning scheme is evaluated on a Clustered Speculative Multithreaded Processor and results show large performance benefits. When the proposed spawning scheme is compared with traditional heuristics, we outperform them by almost 20%. When a realistic value predictor and a 8-cycle thread initialization penalty is considered, the performance difference between them is maintained. The speed-up over a single thread execution is higher than 5x for a 16-thread-unit processor and close to 2x for a 4-thread-unit processor.
Trichomonas gallinae Persistence in Four Water Treatments

Abstract Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and several raptor species. Although T. gallinae is thought to spread between individuals and across species through shared water sources, little research has been conducted regarding the persistence of T. gallinae in the environment. To determine the persistence of T. gallinae in various communal water sources, we inoculated 1×106 trichomonads into 500 mL samples of distilled water, quarry water, bird bath water, and rain barrel water in two replicates. Aliquots of 0.5 mL were collected from each source at −1, 0, 15, 30, and 60 min; aliquots were incubated at 37 C and examined for trichomonads by light microscopy for five consecutive days. Live trichomonads were observed in all samples and at all sampling times except prior to inoculation (−1 min). The pH of water sources ranged from an average of 5.9 to 7.4 postsampling. Our findings indicate that T. gallinae can persist for up to 60 min in various water treatments and thus be infectious for birds drinking T. gallinae-contaminated water.
Die effek van 'n motoriese intervensieprogram gebaseer op 'n geïntegreerde benadering vir 5- tot 8-jarige plaaswerkerkinders met DCD: Flagh-studie

The aim of this study was to determine whether a motoric intervention programme based on the integration of different intervention methods can improve abilities associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) among young school children. From 55 children (5- to 8-years of age) living on farms and attending farm schools in this region, a group of learners from one school were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=11) and a control group (n=13) after having been diagnosed with DCD by means of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A second control group (n=13) was selected from another farm school in the same region. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was used to determine the quality of fundamental movement skills in the group. A test-retest research design was applied. An eight-week intervention programme, of 45 minutes, was presented twice a week, based on perceptual motor, sensory integration and task specific components and conducted by means of an integrative approach. The results, analysed by means of Statictica for Windows, showed that the programme improved balance, gallop, striking and underarm rolling while the overall performance quality of fundamenal motor skills also improved significantly in the intervention group. Although the task specific method contributed to the best improvement, alternation to the different methods is recommended for success. A more individualistic approach, a longer duration of the programme and less goals to address in one lesson are recommended to improve the programme. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 28(1) 2006: 69-83
Popular narratives versus Chinese history: Implications for understanding an emergent China

Closely associated with China’s growing prominence in international politics are discussions about how to understand Chinese history, and how such perspectives inform the way a stronger China may relate to the rest of the world. This article examines two narratives as cases, and considers how they fit against more careful historical scholarship. The first is the nationalist narrative dealing with Qing and Republican history, and the second is the narrative on the Chinese world order. Analyses of Chinese nationalism tend to see a more powerful China as being more assertive internationally, based in part on a belief in the need to address and overcome past wrongs. Studies of historical regional systems in Asia point to the role that a peaceful ‘Confucian’ ethos played in sustaining a stable Chinese-led order, and highlight the promise it holds for checking regional and international tensions. The two perspectives create an obvious tension when trying to understand China’s rise, which can suggest that using historical viewpoints to understand contemporary developments may be doomed to incoherence. This article argues that difficulties in applying knowledge of the past to analyses of China’s role in contemporary world politics indicate a relative inattentiveness to Chinese and Asian history. It illustrates how the nature of China’s rise may be more contingent on the external environment that it faces than popular received wisdom may indicate. The article suggests that a more extensive engagement with historical research and historiography can augment and enrich attempts to appreciate the context surrounding China’s rise.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA) XL II: factors predictive of new or worsening proteinuria.

OBJECTIVES To determine the factors predictive of new or worsening proteinuria in a large multiethnic cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Five hundred and twenty-nine SLE patients from a multiethnic US cohort [LUpus in MInorities: NAture versus Nurture (LUMINA)] were evaluated for new or worsening proteinuria using the categories of the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised: (1), normal; (2), trace or 1+ proteinuria on the dipstick; (3), 2-3+ proteinuria and (4), > or =4+ proteinuria. A rise in urinary protein was considered a positive event visit. Basic demographic and socioeconomic variables were assessed at baseline (T0). Clinical and immunological variables including disease features, activity, duration, comorbidities (such as hypertension and diabetes), medications and autoantibodies were assessed at the visit preceding a positive event visit. Selected HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles, and FCGR receptor polymorphisms were assessed. Data were analysed using logistic regression analyses and generalized estimating equations. RESULTS There were 243 patients (59.1% of 93 Texan Hispanics, 37.0% of 100 Puerto Rican Hispanics, 58.0% of 181 African Americans and 29.7% of 155 Caucasians) with new or worsening proteinuria, and 364 positive events in 2801 visits. Younger age [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.013, 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.001-1.024, P < 0.0334], anti-dsDNA (OR = 1.554, CL = 1.149-2.100, P < 0.0042), and HLA-DRB1*1503 (OR = 1.746, 95% CL = 1.573-2.2673, P < 0.0103) were found to independently predict the occurrence of new or worsening proteinuria. CONCLUSION The factors predictive of new or worsening proteinuria include traditional factors associated with lupus nephritis, such as age and anti-dsDNA, as well as HLA-DRB1*1503, which has not been previously described in association with lupus nephritis, new or worsening proteinuria.
Limitations and transformations of habitus in Child-Directed Communication

This article offers an alternative approach to paradigms that cast culture solely as a nurturing influence on children's language development. It proposes a dimensional model of Child-Directed Communication (CDC) to delineate ways in which a community's habitus may impede the communicative potential of children with neuro-developmental conditions such as severe autism. It argues that certain features of Euro-American CDC are illadapted for autistic children. Due to inertia, caregivers often find themselves unable to transcend the limitations of CDC habitus. Yet, occasionally, a transformation in CDC emerges that more effectively engages children with impairments. The article analyzes one such transformation forged in the niche of a unique mother–son relationship in India and then introduced in the USA.
A horizontal approach to school transitions: a lesson learned from Finnish 15‐year‐olds

Various school transitions provide both challenges and opportunities for pupils. The ways in which pupils cope with these transitions can have a significant impact on their everyday lives and futures. This study focuses on exploring the kinds of transitions pupils face during their comprehensive school path. The aim is to gain a better understanding of horizontal and vertical school transitions faced by Finnish ninth graders (n = 518) who are 15‐ to 16‐years‐old during their school careers. These transitions are empirically examined through two complementary aspects: (1) determining the horizontal and vertical transitions in the pupils’ school career; and (2) identifying the challenges faced by the pupils in these transitions. By introducing a horizontal and vertical school transition model and exploring the transitions in this framework we aim at contributing to breaking down the complexity of the transfer process.
Integrating Technology and Pedagogy: Web Instruction and Seven Principles of Undergraduate Education

Pedagogical research on Web-based learning and instruction has not kept pace with the proliferation of Web-based courses offered by colleges and universities. Consequently, we encourage the application of the “Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education” (American Association of Higher Education, 1987) to guide the design and implementation of Web-based courses. We offer concrete suggestions on how instructors can apply each principle to maximize the potential of Web-based technologies and promote positive learning outcomes in the virtual classroom.