Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intra-Household Redistribution of Income and Calorie Consumption in South-Western Nigeria

This study investigates how per capita calorie intake in low income households of rural south-western Nigeria responds to changes in total household income and women's share of household income. The study addresses two major questions. First, is calorie-income elasticity large enough to justify the use of income increases as a food/nutrition policy strategy for increasing calorie intake among low income households? Second, what is the potential effect of intra-household redistribution of income from men to women on per capita calorie consumption? My results show that calorie-income elasticity is small and close to zero, implying that income policies may not be the most effective way to achieve substantial improvements in calorie consumption. I also find that increases in women's share of household income are likely to result in marginal declines in per capita food calorie intake, suggesting that income redistribution from men to women would not increase per capita food energy intake in these households.
National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis Nirsa Working Paper Series Queering Belfast: Some Thoughts on the Sexing of Space Queering Belfast: Some Thoughts on the Sexing of Space Queering Belfast: Some Thoughts on the Sexing of Space

In this paper we use data from interviews and focus groups with gay men, lesbians and bisexuals living in Belfast to provide a queer reading of the city. Drawing on the work of queer theory, we argue, contrary to much of the literature on sexuality and space, that space is neither purely encoded as 'heterosexual' or 'gay'. Instead we posit that all space is queered, that the sexing of space is always partial and contested, always in a process of becoming; that heterosexist spatiality, for example, is profoundly unstable, continuously engaged in the process of reproducing itself. Reconceptualising socio-spatial relations in this way, we contend, allows for a more nuanced and differentiated, geographical reading of sexual dissidence, one that acknowledges the fluidity and complexity of individuals' self-identifications with regard to sexual-orientation and their diverse spatialities, as evidenced in our interviews.
Psychiatric disorders after childhood stroke.

OBJECTIVES To determine the rate, types, and correlates of psychiatric disorder (PD) following stroke and orthopedic disorders in children and adolescents. METHOD Children aged 5 to 19 were assessed. The study used a cross-sectional design that compared 29 stroke subjects with 29 congenital clubfoot or scoliosis subjects. Assessments of psychiatric status; cognitive, adaptive, academic, and family functioning; family psychiatric history; neuroimaging; and neurological status were conducted. The main outcome measure was a current PD not present before the stroke or orthopedic disorder. RESULTS Poststroke PD occurred significantly more often than postorthopedic diagnosis PD (17/29 [59%] versus 4/29 [14%], p < or =.001). Subjects with ongoing poststroke PD had significantly more impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning, higher intensity family psychiatric history scores, and tended toward higher neurological severity index scores, but they were not different regarding lesion volume or family functioning compared with stroke subjects without PD. Regression analyses showed that neurological severity and family psychiatric history independently contributed significantly to predicting PD. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that there are significant biopsychosocial correlates of PD in children with focal neurological lesions. These include a relatively abnormal neurological exam, lower IQ, and increased family psychopathology.
New insights into the mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions.

Over the past two decades, olefin metathesis has emerged as a mild and efficient method for the formation of carbon−carbon double bonds. In particular, (PCy_3)_2(Cl)_2RuCHPh (1)^2 has found extensive use in organic and polymer chemistry due to its high reactivity with olefins in the presence of a diverse array of functional groups. Recently, a new family of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts have been prepared by the substitution of a single PCy_3 ligand of 1 with an N-heterocyclic carbene. These new alkylidenes, particularly [Figure 1], exhibit dramatically increased activity over the parent system in ring-opening metathesis polymerization, ring-closing metathesis,4a and cross metathesis reactions. The mechanism of olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by 1 has received intense investigation in our group and others and early studies established that phosphine dissociation is a crucial step along the reaction coordinate. As such, it has been suggested that the high activity of 2 and its analogues is due to their increased ability to promote this critical phosphine dissociation step. We report herein a detailed mechanistic study of phosphine exchange and initiation kinetics in alkylidenes 1 and 2. This study provides new and surprising evidence concerning the origin of the large activity differences between these two catalysts.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: endotracheal fluid phospholipidic profile following tracheal occlusion in an experimental model

Abstract Objective: To compare endotracheal fluid (EF) and amniotic fluid (AF) phospholipidic profile changes following tracheal occlusion (TO) in the congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) fetal lamb model, in order to support the efficacy of TO on lung maturity. Methods: A diaphragmatic defect was induced at 70 days’ gestation, TO was carried out at day 102 and cesarean section at 136 days’ gestation. EF and AF samples, collected at delivery, were evaluated using mass spectrometry (the analysis focused on palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholine [POPC, PC(18:1/16:0)], dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine [DPPC, PC(16:0/16:0)] and sphingomyelins [SMs]). Results: The effects of CDH and TO were different on AF and EF. POPC levels were higher than DPPC levels in AF of healthy lambs. Following induction of the diaphragmatic malformation, an evident decrease in POPC was noted, while a substantial return to normal POPC levels and an increased DPPC peak were prompted by the TO. After CDH induction, a decrease in N-palmitoyl-D-sphingomyelin [SM(d18:1/16:0)] was revealed (P<0.01) and an increased peak in SMs in AF was prompted by the TO (P=0.05). While the most represented phosphatidylcholine (PC) species in EF of healthy lambs was DPPC, CDH induced a decrease in the DPPC peak and treatment with TO induced its partial recovery. SMs were detectable only in healthy EF samples. Conclusion: The phospholipid recovery profile following TO suggests the potential role of this therapy in restoring processes involved in surfactant-mediated lung maturation, even though other interactions involved in AF turnover should be considered. Moreover, these metabolites could be used as biomarkers of fetal pulmonary development.
NMDA‐induced retinal injury is mediated by an endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related protein, CHOP/GADD153

We investigated the role of an endoplasmic reticulum stress‐associated protein, CHOP/GADD153, after NMDA‐induced mouse retinal damage. After injection of NMDA into the vitreous, TUNEL‐positive cells were detected in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) at 6 h after NMDA injection, and these gradually increased in number up to 24 h. Analysis by real‐time RT‐PCR revealed that CHOP mRNA was induced by about 3‐fold, at 2 h after NMDA injection. Immunoreactivity for the CHOP protein was intense in cells of the GCL following NMDA treatment. Immunoblot analysis showed that NMDA injection increased the expression of CHOP protein in the retina. Compared with wild‐type mice, CHOP–/– mice were more resistant to NMDA‐induced retinal cell death as determined by TUNEL assay. At 7 days after NMDA treatment, the thickness of the inner plexiform layer and INL were larger in CHOP–/– mice than in wild‐type mice. The number of residual cells in the GCL following NMDA treatment was significantly higher in CHOP–/– mice than in wild‐type mice. In conclusion, CHOP is induced in mouse retina by NMDA treatment, and CHOP–/– mice are more resistant to NMDA‐induced retinal damage, suggesting that CHOP plays an important role in NMDA‐induced retinal cell death.
The contribution of people’s attitudes and perceptions to the acceptance of eldercare robots

iii Dedication in Memoriam . v Acknowledgements . vii Publications of the PhD candidate . x Lead author publications . x Co-authorship forms for lead author publications . xii Co-author publications . xviii The Healthbots project: Contributions of the PhD candidate . xx List of Figures . xxvi List of Tables . 1 Acronyms . 2 Prologue . 3 Eldercare robots Are they necessary, useful, or even wanted? 7 Chapter 1. 1.1. Are eldercare robots necessary? 9 1.2. Are eldercare robots useful? 22 1.3. Do older people and other eldercare stakeholders want eldercare robots? 30 1.4. Why have the predictions of ubiquitous robots not come to pass? 44 Creating acceptable eldercare robots – models and evaluation of acceptability . 51 Chapter 2. 2.1. Technology Acceptance Models background . 52
The delicate art of criticizing a saviour

Following the discussion of silences and absences in user participation, this short paper aims to analyze the limits of participation in defining and evaluating quality of user-generated content. It focuses on user reviews of the fan-made Czech subtitles for the HBO series Game of Thrones on the fan subtitling website titulky.com. It works from the discovery that many users tend not to `review' the subtitles by evaluating them, choosing instead to praise their author or remain in `silent gratitude'. Based mainly on qualitative analysis of user reviews, the case study identifies two main reasons for this lack of participation, mainly the dependency of the non-contributing users on the translator (who is called a `saviour') and his authority and merits in the community. His dominance in the discussion is bolstered by the fact that his work was approved by the local fandom of the show's source material. Based on the case study, I argue that while gratitude drives participation in creating content, it may also thwart attempts at critiquing the content.
‘Heritability’ of dispersal propensity in a patchy population

Although dispersal is often considered to be a plastic, condition-dependent trait with low heritability, growing evidence supports medium to high levels of dispersal heritability. Obtaining unbiased estimates of dispersal heritability in natural populations nevertheless remains crucial to understand the evolution of dispersal strategies and their population consequences. Here we show that dispersal propensity (i.e. the probability of dispersal between habitat patches) displays a significant heritability in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, as estimated by within-family resemblance when accounting for environmental factors. Offspring of dispersing mothers or fathers had a higher propensity to disperse to a new habitat patch themselves. The effect of parental dispersal status was additional to that of local habitat quality, as measured by local breeding population size and success, confirming previous results about condition-dependent dispersal in this population. The estimated levels of heritability varied between 0.30±0.07 and 0.47±0.10, depending on parent–offspring comparisons made and correcting for a significant assortative mating with respect to dispersal status. Siblings also displayed a significant resemblance in dispersal propensity. These results suggest that variation in between-patch natal dispersal in the collared flycatcher is partly genetically determined, and we discuss ways to quantify this genetic basis and its implications.
Initial experiences of a student assistantship

Evidence suggests that medical graduates are underprepared to work as junior doctors. To ease transition in the UK, the General Medical Council (GMC) recommended the introduction of a student ‘assistantship’. This is a period of training where final‐year students take on duties of a foundation doctor under supervision. This study explored the experiences of the first cohort of students and junior doctors participating in the assistantship in one UK medical school in 2012.
Effect of neonatal test environment on recording transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of test environment on recording transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in neonates. METHODS Thirty-two infants from the newborn nursery (NBN) who passed a screening auditory brainstem response (SABR) test and were at least 34 weeks' postconceptional age were studied. One ear of each newborn was tested using TEOAE in 5 different test environments: open bassinet in the NBN (E1), working isolet located in the NBN (E2), nonfunctioning isolet in the NBN (E3), nonfunctioning isolet in a quiet room off the NBN (E4), and open bassinet in a quiet room (E5). The number of high noise samples (HNS), the test duration (in seconds), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; in dB) measured at bandwidths centered at 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 kHz, and the percentage of neonates with a fail screening outcome based on a common pass-fail screening criteria were compared in the 5 test environments. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the number of HNS accumulated in the 5 test environments (F = 6.79). The use of a nonfunctioning isolet in both the NBN and within a room off the NBN (E3 and E4, respectively) resulted in significantly fewer HNS than when TEOAEs were recorded in the other 3 test environments (E1, E2, and E5). Mean test duration was significantly different among the 5 locations (F = 6. 53). Posthoc analyses revealed that test time in E3 and E4 was significantly shorter than in E1 and E2. The percentage of newborns with a fail (</=3 dB SNR at 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 kHz) outcome was lowest in E3 (6.3%) and the same in E1 and E4 (12.5%). A high percentage of infants received a fail outcome when tested in both the working isolet and in the open bassinet in a room off the nursery (21.8% and 25%, respectively). SNR (in dB) for bandwidths centered at 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 kHz was negatively correlated with the HNS in the working isolet. SNR (in dB) at 4.0 kHz was negatively correlated with the HNS when TEOAEs were recorded in the open bassinet in a room adjacent to the NBN. The number of HNS was correlated with overall test time in each environment. CONCLUSIONS Test environments typically used for newborn hearing screening can influence the recording of TEOAEs. Performing the TEOAE test with the neonate placed in a nonfunctioning isolet located in either the NBN or in a room off of the NBN resulted in the most desirable outcomes (shortest test times, fewest HNS, highest SNR (in dB), and fewest fail outcomes).
697-701-Tozer QQ

Viral hepatitis is one of the most important liver diseases in the world. Duration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to standard ther apy is strongly related to HCV genotypes. Geographical distribution of HCV genotypes is also important for epidemiological studies. We aimed to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes and their prevalence in Eastern Turkey. Fifty eight Anti-HCV, LIA, HCV-RNA positive patient s (35 male, 23 female) were included in this study. Genotypes were determined by reverse do t-blot hybridization method. Distribution of HCV genotypes in 58 patients were as follows: Ge notype 1b in 53.4% (n=31), genotype 1a in 36.2% (n=21), genotype 1, 3, 4, 1a/1b in 1.7 % (n= 1) for each. Genotype 1 was identified as the dominant type in 93.2% (n=54). HCV genotype could n ot be identified in 3.4% (n=2) patients. Genotype 1b was the most common HCV genotype in our region and this result is in accordance with the previous data of Turkey. Although genotype 1b is predominant, detection of genotype 1a in studies show that genotyping is beneficial fo r cost-effectiveness of chronic HCV infection. Thus, genotyping of HCV patients in our region guide clinicians in terms of monitoring and treatment success.
Biasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze

Significance Where people look generally reflects and reveals their moment-by-moment thought processes. This study introduces an experimental method whereby participants’ eye gaze is monitored and information about their gaze is used to change the timing of their decisions. Answers to difficult moral questions such as “Is murder justifiable? ” can be influenced toward random alternatives based on looking patterns alone. We do this without presenting different arguments or response frames, as in other techniques of persuasion. Thus, the process of arriving at a moral decision is not only reflected in a participant’s eye gaze but can also be determined by it. Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic processing, and decision making. We present evidence that information derived from eye gaze can be used to change the course of individuals’ decisions, even when they are reasoning about high-level, moral issues. Previous studies have shown that when an experimenter actively controls what an individual sees the experimenter can affect simple decisions with alternatives of almost equal valence. Here we show that if an experimenter passively knows when individuals move their eyes the experimenter can change complex moral decisions. This causal effect is achieved by simply adjusting the timing of the decisions. We monitored participants’ eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice task with moral questions. One option was randomly predetermined as a target. At the moment participants had fixated the target option for a set amount of time we terminated their deliberation and prompted them to choose between the two alternatives. Although participants were unaware of this gaze-contingent manipulation, their choices were systematically biased toward the target option. We conclude that even abstract moral cognition is partly constituted by interactions with the immediate environment and is likely supported by gaze-dependent decision processes. By tracking the interplay between individuals, their sensorimotor systems, and the environment, we can influence the outcome of a decision without directly manipulating the content of the information available to them.
Minimum Energy Routing and Jamming to Thwart Wireless Network Eavesdroppers

There is a rich recent literature on information-theoretically secure communication at the physical layer of wireless networks, where secret communication between a single transmitter and receiver has been studied extensively. In this paper, we consider how single-hop physical layer security techniques can be extended to multi-hop wireless networks. We show that guaranteed security can be achieved in multi-hop networks by augmenting physical layer security techniques, such as cooperative jamming, with the higher layer network mechanisms, such as routing. Specifically, we consider the secure minimum energy routing problem, in which the objective is to compute a minimum energy path between two network nodes subject to constraints on the end-to-end communication secrecy and goodput over the path. This problem is formulated as a constrained optimization of transmission power and link selection, which is proved to be NP-hard. Nevertheless, we show that efficient algorithms exist to compute both exact and approximate solutions for the problem. In particular, we develop an exact solution of pseudo-polynomial complexity, as well as an ε-optimal approximation of polynomial complexity. Simulation results are also provided to show the utility of our algorithms and quantify their energy savings compared to a combination of (standard) security-agnostic minimum energy routing and physical layer security. In the simulated scenarios, we observe that, by jointly optimizing link selection at the network layer and cooperative jamming at the physical layer, our algorithms reduce the network energy consumption by half.
Contribution to knowledge of the genus Chydaeus in Xizang Autonomous Region [Tibet] and Yunnan Province, China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini)

Abstract Five new species of the genus Chydaeus Chaudoir, 1854 are described from China: Chydaeus fugongensis sp. n. (Shibali, Fugong County, Yunnan Province), Chydaeus gutangensis sp. n. (Gutang, Medog County, Xizang Autonomous Region [Tibet]), Chydaeus hanmiensis sp. n. (Hanmi, Medog County, Xizang Autonomous Region [Tibet]), Chydaeus asetosus sp. n. (NE of Fugong, Yunnan Province), and Chydaeus baoshanensis sp. n. (N of Baoshan, Yunnan Province). Taxonomic and faunistic notes on eleven other species occurring in Xizang and Yunnan are also provided. Chydaeus shunichii Ito, 2006 is re-described, based on specimens from Lushui County, Yunnan. Chydaeus kumei Ito, 1992 is treated as a subspecies of Chydaeus andrewesi Schauberger, 1932 [NEW STATUS]. The taxonomic status of Chydaeus guangxiensis Ito, 2006 is discussed. The following taxa are recorded from China for the first time: Chydaeus obtusicollis Schauberger, 1932 (Xizang and Yunnan), Chydaeus malaisei Kataev & Schmidt, 2006 (Yunnan), Chydaeus semenowi (Tschitschérine, 1899) (Xizang and Yunnan), Chydaeus andrewesi andrewesi Schauberger, 1932 (Xizang and Yunnan), Chydaeus andrewesi kumei Ito (Yunnan), Chydaeus bedeli interjectus Kataev & Schmidt, 2002 (Xizang), and Chydaeus bedeli vietnamensis Kataev & Schmidt, 2002 (Yunnan).
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability education: A trans-Atlantic comparison

Abstract Using a sample of 72 European and 22 North American educational institutions, we examine the extent to which business schools in North America and Europe are driving educational programs and initiatives in corporate social responsibility and sustainability (CSRS). Drawing on several theoretical perspectives, such as institutional-comparative perspectives and resource dependence theory, the study indicates the increasing prominence of CSRS education in business schools on both continents. It does so through analysis of the extent to which business schools offer (a) dedicated CSRS programs, (b) CSRS tracks and majors, (c) compulsory CSRS classes or modules, and (d) optional CSRS modules across the range of taught programs. Contrary to some previous findings, religious affiliation, public/private status, and program size had only a negligible direct association with schools' commitment to CSRS education. However, business school prestige showed a statistically significant relationship. Finally, the study highlights how European respondents' perceptions concerning the primary drivers and constraints of CSRS initiatives differed from those in North America.
A Large Dataset of Object Scans

We have created a dataset of more than ten thousand 3D scans of real objects. To create the dataset, we recruited 70 operators, equipped them with consumer-grade mobile 3D scanning setups, and paid them to scan objects in their environments. The operators scanned objects of their choosing, outside the laboratory and without direct supervision by computer vision professionals. The result is a large and diverse collection of object scans: from shoes, mugs, and toys to grand pianos, construction vehicles, and large outdoor sculptures. We worked with an attorney to ensure that data acquisition did not violate privacy constraints. The acquired data was placed irrevocably in the public domain and is available freely at http://redwood-data.org/3dscan.