Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scarless fetal wound healing: a basic science review.

SUMMARY Scar formation is a major medical problem that can have devastating consequences for patients. The adverse physiological and psychological effects of scars are broad, and there are currently no reliable treatments to prevent scarring. In contrast to adult wounds, early gestation fetal skin wounds repair rapidly and in the absence of scar formation. Despite extensive investigation, the exact mechanisms of scarless fetal wound healing remain largely unknown. For some time, it has been known that significant differences exist among the extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, cellular mediators, and gene expression profiles of fetal and postnatal wounds. These differences may have important implications in scarless wound repair.
The effect of portion size and unit size on food intake: Unit bias or segmentation effect?

OBJECTIVE The "unit bias" has been proposed as an explanation for the portion-size effect; people consider a single unit to be an appropriate amount to eat and thus eat more when served a larger unit than when served a smaller unit. We suggest that the unit bias might be better characterized as a "segmentation effect," such that people eat less when a unit of food is separated into smaller subunits, but may eat more than a single unit. Furthermore, we suggest that portion-size effects should be independent of this segmentation effect. METHOD In Study 1, female participants (n = 87) were served either a small or large portion of food that was either presented in the form of a single unit or multiple individually wrapped units. In Study 2, female participants (n = 42) were served a fixed portion of food that was either presented in the form of a single unit or multiple units presented on separate plates. RESULTS Across both studies, there was no evidence that participants prefer to eat a single unit. Participants served multiple smaller units did eat less than did participants served a single larger unit, even when the overall portion size was the same, but the amount eaten was consistently more than a single unit. Furthermore, perceived norms of appropriate intake mediated the effect of unit number on food intake. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a segmentation effect, rather than a unit bias, is driving people's food intake, with implications for designing interventions aimed at reducing excessive food intake.
The Use of Fluorescent Nuclear Dyes and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy to Study the Cellular Aspects of Arterial Remodelling in Human Subjects with Critical Limb Ischaemia

Resistance arteries isolated from patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI), a hypotensive/hypoperfusion state of the lower leg, have been shown to undergo morphological changes opposite to those observed in hypertension, that is, decreased wall thickness, reduced cross‐sectional area and a decreased wall : lumen ratio. The aim of this present study was to use laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) to study intact resistance arteries isolated from patients with CLI, specifically to identify the cellular aspects of the morphological changes identified in ischaemic subcutaneous and skeletal muscle resistance vessels. Using LSCM, a significant reduction in adventitial and medial thickness, cross‐sectional area and wall : lumen ratio was confirmed in resistance arteries from both distal ischaemic subcutaneous and skeletal muscle vascular beds when compared with corresponding arteries from the proximal non‐ischaemic sites. The cellular composition of the adventitial, medial and intimal layers of these distal ischaemic arteries was significantly different compared with proximal non‐ischaemic arteries. These differences in the distal arteries were characterised by hypoplasia in the adventitial and medial layers of the arterial wall and hypertrophy in the intimal layer. The differences observed in both distal ischaemic vascular beds (subcutaneous and skeletal muscle) were similar.
Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics Performance Pay, Delegation, and Multitasking under Uncertainty and Innovativeness: an Empirical Investigation Performance Pay, Delegation, and Multitasking under Uncertainty and Innovativeness: an Empirical Investigation

The existing empirical evidence is somewhat inconclusive with respect to a number of the key predictions of the agency model. Although the reach of agency theory is considerably wider, the dominant portion of work has been taken up with examining the nature of the trade-off between risk and incentives, and the implications thereof for contractual design. More specifically, some researchers have recently noted that the predicted trade-off between risk and incentives turns out to be rather weak, and perhaps non-existent, when confronted with the available empirical evidence. In this paper, we examine the risk-incentives trade-off and related predictions from agency theory on the basis of data from a data set encompassing close to 1000 Danish firms. We find that the relation between the use of performance pay in these firms and the environmental uncertainty they confront  which is one way to test the risk/incentives tradeoff  is indeed weak and in many cases even perverse. We then suggest, in line with other recent contributions to the literature, that this may be caused by the widespread use of delegation. One effect of delegation is that it breaks the simple relation between risks and incentives. We examine the suggestion that that those firms that are more prone to use delegation of decision rights in their internal organization are facing an uncertain environment to a larger extent than the rest of the population. We argue that this constitutes an indirect confirmation of the hypothesis. We also examine the multi-tasking agency hypothesis that as risk increases, the flexibility of agents is restricted. We fail to find support for this hypothesis. It is suggested that the reason for this finding is also related to delegation. Acknowledgments The comments of Brian Silverman and Nick Argyres on an earlier version of this paper are gratefully acknowledged. In addition, we wish to thank the participants in the DISKO project at Aalborg University for allowing us to use the data applied in this paper. The usual disclaimer applies.
Self-Complexity and Well-Being: A Review and Research Synthesis

We reviewed the extant literature examining Linville's (1985, 1987) self-complexity (SC) model. SC is a structural feature of people's self-knowledge. Linville (1987) proposed that SC serves as a cognitive buffer against extreme affective reactions to life events. We report results of two procedures: a classic meta-analysis and a more primitive vote-counting procedure. Overall, SC was negatively, but weakly, related to well-being, a relationship qualified by strong heterogeneity among studies. We found little support for SC as a stress buffer, but more support as a moderator of uplifting events. Several methodological and substantive variables (e.g., the type of well-being studied, the valence of SC, and characteristics of the samples and designs used) were associated with effect magnitude. We discuss implications for competing theories of self-structure and comment on the use of information theory in studying the self.
Public meetings about local cancer clusters: exploring the relative influence of official versus symbolic risk messages on attendees’ post‐meeting concern

Scholars have long lobbied for a view of risk communication that supplants a conventional ‘transmission’ model of risk communication with an alternative that considers the complex social environment that accompanies any risk communication effort. Along these lines, this study examines the relative influence of official health messages versus symbolic risk messages on public meeting attendees’ post‐meeting concern about cancer clusters in six US communities. As part of a larger study of cancer clusters, we obtained written responses from 125 individuals who attended a government‐sponsored public meeting in their community. We asked respondents whether attending the meeting influenced their concerns and, if so, why. The results found that, despite the largely reassuring messages that health officials were giving, most attendees reported feeling more concerned after the meetings in their communities. Regarding why, explanations that denoted symbolic risk messages – unofficial sources of risk information and procedural cues – outnumbered explanations that pointed to official risk messages – scientific presentations – by a score of three to one. The results lend support for a broader view of risk communication, which accounts not only for multiple sources of risk information but also for procedural cues regarding the trustworthiness of an investigation.
Song Tutoring Influences Female Song Preferences in Domesticated Canaries

Laboratory experiments were designed to examine the influence of previous acoustic experience on later song preferences in female domesticated canaries (Serinus canaria). Young females were reared in acoustic isolation (five groups). In these five groups, one was reared without tutoring and four were exposed to taped tutoring songs (playbacks of three different songs, two conspecific and one heterospecific). One of the four tutored groups was exposed to all three songs, while each of the remaining groups was exposed to one of the three songs. When adult, all females were tested using copulation solicitation displays as an index of their song preferences. We demonstrated that females reared without tutoring were especially responsive to a particular domesticated canary song. This song contained a special song phrase type (Vallet & Kreutzer, 1995) that elicits high levels of sexual response. In general, a similar preference was also observed in the groups reared with tutoring. In addition, the females' preferences in tutored groups were also positively and strongly affected by conspecific songs, when these songs had been heard during the previous tutoring. In fact, females seemed to be able to selectively respond to a song containing a special song phrase, but were also able to learn conspecific songs.
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: growing knowledge and its implications for Italy.

Introductive note A wide literature on Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pn) infections is available, largely published in the recent years, after the introduction of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine in US and in Europe. This review is based on the most up-to-date scientific articles about this pathogen.
Speaker verification and spoken language identification using a generalized i-vector framework with phonetic tokenizations and tandem features

This paper presents a generalized i-vector framework with phonetic tokenizations and tandem features for speaker verification as well as language identification. First, the tokens for calculating the zero-order statistics is extended from the MFCC trained Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) components to phonetic phonemes, 3-grams and tandem feature trained GMM components using phoneme posterior probabilities. Second, given the calculated zero-order statistics (posterior probabilities on tokens), the feature used to calculate the first-order statistics is also extended from MFCC to tandem features and is not necessarily the same feature employed by the tokenizer. Third, the zero-order and first-order statistics vectors are then concatenated and represented by the simplified supervised i-vector approach followed by the standard back end modeling methods. We study different system setups with different tokens and features. Finally, selected effective systems are fused at the score level to further improve the performance. Experimental results are reported on the NIST SRE 2010 common condition 5 female part task and the NIST LRE 2007 closed set 30 seconds task for speaker verification and language identification, respectively. The proposed generalized i-vector framework outperforms the i-vector baseline by relatively 45% in terms of equal error rate (EER) and norm minDCF values. Index Terms: speaker verification, language identification, generalized i-vector, phonetic tokenization, tandem feature
Performance analysis of sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e

The paper investigates the queueing behavior of the sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e for conserving the power of an mobile station (MS) in terms of the dropping probability and the mean waiting times of packets in the base station (BS) queue. In the sleep mode, when an MS wakes up at the end of each sleep interval and there is traffic addressed to it, this is notified in the listening interval immediately following the sleep interval. Otherwise, an MS again enters the sleep mode with a sleep interval which is double the length of the previous one. We modeled this sleep mode operation as M/GI/1/N with multiple vacations whose periods depend on the previous one. Our work may be a rough guide to understanding the BS queueing behavior according to parameters such as the minimum and maximum sleep interval, the BS queue size and the arrival rate of packets at a BS.
Information adequacy and communication relationships: An empirical examination of 18 organizations

Wieck's model of organizing suggests that satisfaction with organizational life is a function of equivocality reduction rather than participation. This investigation tested the hypothesis that perceived information adequacy is an indicator of equivocality. A relationship was found between perceived information adequacy and several indices of relational satisfaction, but not with various indicators of participation. Results suggest that the equivocality model provides a better explanation of satisfaction than the participation model.
Victims and Aggressors in Marital Violence

One of the cruel ironies of marriage is that, although husbandwife relationships are largely male-dominant, the use of physical violence seems to be one of the few aspects of marriage which approach equality between spouses. There is irony in this also because, except for the rare instances when a desperate or enraged woman seizes a knife or gun and is effective in using it, the effects of this violence are far from equal. She may cast the first coffee pot, but he generally casts the last and
Psychology of learning, 1960–1980: One participant's observations.

Abstract : By 1960 there was a strongly developed theory of learning in which learning was considered as change of behavior. Neobehaviorist theories and then formal stochastic models analyzed processes in which probabilities of responses are altered. In the 1960's we began to analyze learning as discrete change between states of knowledge or stages of processing that differ in qualitative characteristics; stochastic models were used to represent these states and stages. In addition, the processes and structure of human memory were studied in detail. In the 1970's we have developed detailed analyses of the organization of knowledge for understanding language and solving problems, using programming languages as formalisms for representing models that simulate human performance. A prospect for the 1980's is the analysis of learning considered as acquisition of knowledge, in which basic processes will involve modification and combination of cognitive structures; this development is likely to include and profit from analyses of learning tasks used in school instruction. (Author)
Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology on the Relationship between Warranty and the Risk of Information Asymmetry*

Nowadays the product warranty is considered to be a valuable attribute of the product. It is a tool to enforce the competing power of the producer on the market place. There are two types of problems the product warranty addresses. Firstly, warranty deals with the malfunctioning of the product and, secondly, it addresses the information asymmetry, i.e., the misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the features and qualities of the product. The second aspect is of great importance in the light of indirect business communication, as in e-commerce. The aim of this paper is quantifying the risk of misunderstanding caused by information asymmetry and defining an appropriate product warranty policy, which depends on this risk.
Images of Couples and Families in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films

Media have the potential to serve as sources of information regarding couples and families for many children. One of the more popular forms of children's media is the Disney animated featurelength movie. To date, no research has examined images of couples and families in a wide sampling of Disney feature-length animated films. This study was designed to identify themes about couples and families portrayed in 26 Disney animated classics and recently released movies. In general, four overarching themes were identified: (a) family relationships are a strong priority, (b) families are diverse, but the diversity is often simplified, (c) fathers are elevated, while mothers are marginalized, and (d) couple relationships are created by “love at first sight,” are easily maintained, and are often characterized by gender-based power differentials. Clinical implications for family professionals are addressed.
Phosphatidic acid mediates the targeting of tBid to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis[S]

Upon apoptotic stimuli, lysosomal proteases, including cathepsins and chymotrypsin, are released into cytosol due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), where they trigger apoptosis via the lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Herein, the mechanism of LMP was investigated. We found that caspase 8-cleaved Bid (tBid) could result in LMP directly. Although Bax or Bak might modestly enhance tBid-triggered LMP, they are not necessary for LMP. To study this further, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), model membranes mimicking the lipid constitution of lysosomes, were used to reconstitute the membrane permeabilization process in vitro. We found that phosphatidic acid (PA), one of the major acidic phospholipids found in lysosome membrane, is essential for tBid-induced LMP. PA facilitates the insertion of tBid deeply into lipid bilayers, where it undergoes homo-oligomerization and triggers the formation of highly curved nonbilayer lipid phases. These events induce LMP via pore formation mechanisms because encapsulated fluorescein-conjugated dextran (FD)-20 was released more significantly than FD-70 or FD-250 from LUVs due to its smaller molecular size. On the basis of these data, we proposed tBid-PA interactions in the lysosomal membranes form lipidic pores and result in LMP. We further noted that chymotrypsin-cleaved Bid is more potent than tBid at binding to PA, inserting into the lipid bilayer, and promoting LMP. This amplification mechanism likely contributes to the culmination of apoptotic signaling.
Parkinson's disease as a result of aging

It is generally considered that Parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons. Data commented in this review suggest that this assumption is not as clear as is often thought and that aging may be critical for Parkinson's disease. Neurons degenerating in Parkinson's disease also degenerate in normal aging, and the different agents involved in the etiology of this illness are also involved in aging. Senescence is a wider phenomenon affecting cells all over the body, whereas Parkinson's disease seems to be restricted to certain brain centers and cell populations. However, reviewed data suggest that Parkinson's disease may be a local expression of aging on cell populations which, by their characteristics (high number of synaptic terminals and mitochondria, unmyelinated axons, etc.), are highly vulnerable to the agents promoting aging. The development of new knowledge about Parkinson's disease could be accelerated if the research on aging and Parkinson's disease were planned together, and the perspective provided by gerontology gains relevance in this field.
Evaluation of a New Commercially Available Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Infections

ABSTRACT A new commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus infections showed a sensitivity of 88% with sera and 81% with cerebrospinal fluid and a specificity of 97% with sera from patients with primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Specificity was 100% when samples from nonflavivirus infections were tested.
Not 'one of the boys': women researching the police

Abstract This paper is concerned with the position of women researching male dominated environments; in particular, the police. Although the ideal response to such situations is to spend time negotiating an effective role for oneself, this is not always possible. The researcher often has to work with the perceptions of her held by the researched, and it has been suggested by some that these perceptions can sometimes be used to the researcher's advantage. In my own research, I found that it was possible to make use of typical police perceptions of women. However, this also raised ethical problems, and undoubtedly influenced the data I collected.
Wafer-scale patterning of sub-40 nm diameter and high aspect ratio (>50:1) silicon pillar arrays by nanoimprint and etching

We demonstrate wide-area fabrication of sub-40 nm diameter, 1.5 µm tall, high aspect ratio silicon pillar arrays with straight sidewalls by combining nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). Imprint molds were used to pre-pattern nanopillar positions precisely on a 200 nm square lattice with long range order. The conventional DRIE etching process was modified and optimized with reduced cycle times and gas flows to achieve vertical sidewalls; with such techniques the pillar sidewall roughness can be reduced below 8 nm (peak-to-peak). In some cases, sub-50 nm diameter pillars, 3 µm tall, were fabricated to achieve aspect ratios greater than 60:1.
Branching and Uncertainty

Following Lewis, it is widely held that branching worlds differ in important ways from diverging worlds. There is, however, a simple and natural semantics under which ordinary sentences uttered in branching worlds have much the same truth values as they conventionally have in diverging worlds. Under this semantics, whether branching or diverging, speakers cannot say in advance which branch or world is theirs. They are uncertain as to the outcome. This same semantics ensures the truth of utterances typically made about quantum mechanical contingencies, including statements of uncertainty, if the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics is true. The ‘incoherence problem’ of the Everett interpretation, that it can give no meaning to the notion of uncertainty, is thereby solved. 1. Introduction2. Metaphysics2.1. Personal fission2.2. Branching worlds3. Physics4. Objections Introduction Metaphysics2.1. Personal fission2.2. Branching worlds Personal fission Branching worlds Physics Objections
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF SNL-SWAN, A VALIDATED WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER ARRAY MODELING TOOL

ChrisChartrand SandiaNationalLaboratories� Albuquerque�,�NewMexico,�U.S.A� � � ABSTRACT � Commercializationofwaveenergywillleadto� thenecessarydeploymentofWaveEnergy� Converters�(WECs)�inarrays,�orwavefarms. ��In� orderforprojectsintheUnitedStatestobe� approved,� regulatoryagenciesmustperforman� EnvironmentalAssessmentprovinglittletono� environmentalimpact. ��However,�littleisknown� abouttheenvironmentalimpactsofsuchwave� farms. �Asaresult,�theenvironmentalimpactsof� wavefarmsarelargelydeterminedbynumerical� wavemodelscapableofmodelinglargeareas�(i.e.,� spectralwavemodels). � Howeverspectralwave� modelsarecurrentlylimitedintheirabilityto� modelWECs. � � SandiaNationalLaboratoriesis� developingSNL-SWAN,� amodifiedversionof� SimulationWAvesNearshore� (1)� thatincludesa� validatedWECModuletomorerealisticallymodel� thefrequencyandseastatedependentwave� energyconversionofWECs. � Thispaperwill� provideanupdateonitsdevelopment. � ��