Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human resource development and workplace learning: emerging theoretical perspectives and organisational practices

Workplace learning and HRD are considered legitimate topics for study and investigation alongside organisational strategies and practices. Considers key themes in the workplace earning literature in addition to its relationship with HRD. Identifies a paradigm shift from formalised, intermittent and discontinuous learning to increasingly informal, experiential, asynchronous and real‐time situated learning. Highlights three contemporary themes in both the workplace learning and HRD literatures, namely: knowledge, expertise, competence and capability; organisational learning; and employability and career issues.
An analysis of the fixation probability of a mutant on special classes of non-directed graphs

There is a growing interest in the study of evolutionary dynamics on populations with some non-homogeneous structure. In this paper we follow the model of Lieberman et al. (Lieberman et al. 2005 Nature 433, 312–316) of evolutionary dynamics on a graph. We investigate the case of non-directed equally weighted graphs and find solutions for the fixation probability of a single mutant in two classes of simple graphs. We further demonstrate that finding similar solutions on graphs outside these classes is far more complex. Finally, we investigate our chosen classes numerically and discuss a number of features of the graphs; for example, we find the fixation probabilities for different initial starting positions and observe that average fixation probabilities are always increased for advantageous mutants as compared with those of unstructured populations.
Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy

Acknowledgements. Introduction. Part I: Clarifying the Concepts. 1. The Theory of the Professions: State of the Art. 2. How Dominant are the Professions? Part II: Elements of a Theory of Professionalism. 3. The Division of Labor as Social Interaction. 4. Professions and the Occupational Principle. 5. Occupational Autonomy and Labor Market Shelters. Part III: Prophesying the Future of Professions. 6. Professionalization and the Organization of Middle-Class Labor in Post-Industrial Society. 7. The Futures of Professionalization. 8. The Changing Nature of Professional Control. Part IV: Choosing Professionalism as Social Policy. 9. Are Professions Necessary? 10. Profession as Model and Ideology. 11. The Centrality of Professionalism to Health Care Policy. 12. Nourishing Professionalism. Index.
More Common Than You Think: An In-depth Study of Casual Contributors

Source code hosting websites (code forges) have recently changed to more social environments, and the contribution process evolved to the so-called pull-based development model. Due to the facilities brought by this evolution, Open Source Software (OSS) projects are now facing a high exposure, leading to an increasing number of contributors. However, not all these contributors want to have a long-term engagement with the project. In fact, popular projects are known to have a restricted set of core developers who drive the project, but now these projects count on a broad set of "not that involved" developers, which are responsible for a long tail of small contributions. In this paper, we shed the light on this important but overlooked set of developers: the casual contributors (also known as drive-by commits). First, we mined popular software repositories hosted on GitHub to investigate how common casual contributions are, and what are their characteristics. Second, we conducted two surveys with (1) the casual contributors and (2) the project maintainers aimed at understanding what motivates casual contributors and how they are perceived. Our results showed that although casual contributors are rather common (48.98% of the whole population of contributors in the projects analyzed), they are responsible for only 1.73% of the total number of commits. We also found that casual contributions are far from being trivial: even though a significant proportion of them are fixing typos and grammar issues (28.64%), we found several of them that have fixed bugs (30.20%), added new features (18.75%), and refactored code (8.85%). Still, we found that both casual contributors and project maintainers believe that casual contributions have more benefits than drawbacks. As a casual contributor said: "every bit helps".
Real-time pedestrian detection technique for embedded driver assistance systems

Fast detection of pedestrians moving across the roads is a big challenge for in-vehicle embedded systems. Because the shape features of on-road pedestrians are irregular and complex, so that the detection techniques cost large computational resources. However, the in-vehicle embedded systems only have limited computational resources. To resolve this challenge, we propose fast pedestrian detection algorithms based on histogram of oriented gradients (HOGs), and support vector machines (SVMs). The proposed techniques are evaluated and implemented on a digital signal processing (DSP) based embedded platform. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detection techniques can provide high computational efficiency and detection accuracy.
Correlating lead‐in show ratings with local television news ratings

Local programmers believe in the importance of lead‐in ratings for local, late evening news. Researchers studying audience duplication have found support for inheritance effects and channel loyalty, while some surveys have identified a loyal news viewership. This study examined the relationship between the lead‐in show ratings and news ratings for three network affiliates in a major market over a two‐year period. Correlations were moderate to high.
Hypoxia Induces Tumor Aggressiveness and the Expansion of CD133-Positive Cells in a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α-Dependent Manner in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Background: Intratumoral hypoxia is known to lead to increased aggressiveness and distant metastasis. However, the interplay underlying these actions is still unknown. Objective: We explored whether cancer cells might acquire a stem-like phenotype under hypoxia, consequently leading to an aggressive phenotype, including invasiveness and metastasis. Methods: Under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2), the expression of CD133 (cancer stem cell marker), CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was examined by RT-PCR and immunostaining using human pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also examined if hypoxia facilitates the invasiveness of CD133+ cancer cells. Furthermore, we transfected dominant active HIF-1α (HIF-1αΔODD) by the retroviral gene transfer and examined the effects both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Compared with normoxia, hypoxia elevated the expression of CD133, CXCR4 and HIF-1α. Moreover, hypoxia facilitated the invasiveness of CD133+ pancreatic cancer cells. The behavior of HIF-1αΔODD-transfected cells under normoxia was compatible with that of the parent cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, a xenograft model of HIF-1αΔODD cells showed aggressiveness, including metastasis and highly tumorigenic ability. Conclusion: Hypoxia induces tumor aggressiveness associated with the expansion of CD133+ pancreatic cancer cells in a predominantly HIF-1α-dependent manner.
Nalidixic Acid Inhibition of Post-Ultraviolet Recovery in Escherichia coli K-12: Requirement for recBC Function

Various repair-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were tested for the impairment of post-ultraviolet survival by nalidixic acid. These studies have shown that the target of this nalidixic acid effect is dictated by the recB and recC genes and may be due to the binding of nalidixic acid to exonuclease V. Furthermore, this effect cannot be correlated with either recombination proficiency or excision repair alone.
Are You Sure There Isn't a Monster in the Closet? Regulation of Children's Worrying in Uncertain Contexts

Intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive information seeking are linked in many models of worry and clinical anxiety. This study aimed to examine children's use of information to regulate negative arousal associated with uncertainty in an exciting or threatening pretend play context. Children were presented with a positively or negatively valenced imaginary creature in a closed box. They were then given visual, verbal, or no reminder as to the pretend status of the entity. Children in the verbal and no information conditions were significantly more likely to spontaneously check as to the presence or absence of the creature during the game. These results confirm that some children react with more intense worry in situations of uncertainty, and that the type of information provided to children is important in assisting them to regulate that emotional response. The study provides analogue experimental support for the value in clinical contexts of direct experience in order to reduce uncertainty regarding imagined possibilities, and, in turn, worrying.
The persistence of musical memories: A descriptive study of earworms

We describe some characteristics of persistent musical and verbal retrieval episodes, commonly known as "earworms. " In Study 1, participants first filled out a survey summarizing their earworm experiences retrospectively. This was followed by a diary study to document each experience as it happened. Study 2 was an extension of the diary study with a larger sample and a focus on triggering events. Consistent with popular belief, these persistent musical memories were common across people and occurred frequently for most respondents, and were often linked to recent exposure to preferred music. Contrary to popular belief, the large majority of such experiences were not unpleasant. Verbal earworms were uncommon. These memory experiences provide an interesting example of extended memory retrieval for music in a naturalistic situation.
Imitation and Politics: Redesigning Modern Germany

The 1990s subjected Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to myriad attempts by western actors to impose their preferred institutional models. International financial institutions, of course, have long made loans conditional on the establishment of specific reforms. Governments of western countries similarly pursue opportunities for promoting their national models abroad, such as in court reform, legal codes, or public administration. Non-state actors, such as foundations, business associations, and trade unions, have established horizontal ties with partners or, in some cases, helped create interest organisations in CEE. More recently, international donor organisations have begun to acknowledge the limited utility of western blueprints for transformation countries. Rather than impose perceived ‘best practices’ distilled from elsewhere, the World Bank now argues, donors need to examine the ‘good fit’ of assistance strategies in light of capacities and needs on the ground1. The EU has largely turned away from reliance on private consulting firms with little country and sector-specific knowledge and even less of a stake in outcomes. In order to prepare candidate countries for membership, it now delegates experts from member state administrations to CEE ministries and agencies to act as long-term advisors on the daunting task of implementing Community law and policies.
Firm, Property and Governance: From Berle and Means to the Agency Theory, and Beyond

Over the last thirty years, the shareholder conception of corporate governance has established itself as the foundation of the power structure and management principles of the corporation. It is based on a specific theorization of the firm: agency theory. Our aim is to explain the full significance of this theorization, by considering the context in which it was developed and the project – of a fundamentally political nature – that it conveys. For that purpose, we return to the questions raised during the first half of the twentieth century, in the seminal book of Berle and Means and in subsequent works by Berle; questions of a much broader scope that the relationship between shareholders and managers. We will show that agency theory can be considered a response to the most important ideas advanced by Berle and Means, and then by Berle (and others), after the New Deal and the Second World War. Comparison of these two themes of reflection leads us to identify two theorizations, and two radically different conceptions of the firm and the corporation. To address these issues, we start by considering the questions raised in the early twentieth century about the nature of the corporation and the status of managers; and how, in response to these questions, Berle constructed a certain conceptualization of the corporation and of managerial capitalism; we shall then revisit the contract-based approach of Jensen and Meckling, to assess the theoretical and ideological content and show how it was actually strongly opposed to Berle’s vision. Lastly, by way of conclusion, we shall endeavor to show how the opposition between these two theorizations should be seen, above all, as an opposition between two theories that are both “performative” rather than positive, and that the apparent success of agency theory and the dominance of shareholder primacy in corporate governance can only be understood in an institutional and political perspective.
Field size dependent mapping of medical linear accelerator radiation leakage

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of a graphics library based model for the assessment of linear accelerator radiation leakage. Transmission through the shielding elements was evaluated using the build-up factor corrected exponential attenuation law and the contribution from the electron guide was estimated using the approximation of a linear isotropic radioactive source. Model parameters were estimated by a fitting series of thermoluminescent dosimeter leakage measurements, achieved up to 100 cm from the beam central axis along three directions. The distribution of leakage data at the patient plane reflected the architecture of the shielding elements. Thus, the maximum leakage dose was found under the collimator when only one jaw shielded the primary beam and was about 0.08% of the dose at isocentre. Overall, we observe that the main contributor to leakage dose according to our model was the electron beam guide. Concerning the discrepancies between the measurements used to calibrate the model and the calculations from the model, the average difference was about 7%. Finally, graphics library modelling is a readily and suitable way to estimate leakage dose distribution on a personal computer. Such data could be useful for dosimetric evaluations in late effect studies.
The mental health supplement to the Ontario Health Survey.

This Supplement was administered to 9953 randomly se lected persons aged 15 years and older who were residents of private dwellings throughout Ontario in a 4-month period in 1990; it included the University of Michigan modification of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (UMCIDI) (1), which yielded computerized diagnoses according to DSM-III-R (2) and ICD-10 (3). All areas of the province (and representative urban and rural residents) were sampled. The Supplement also included extensive information on use of health services, social functioning, and disability.
Leadership Succession in New South Wales Catholic Schools: Identifying potential principals

This article reports research conducted on leadership succession in New South Wales Catholic schools. Using a specially developed instrument, the Impediments to Leadership Succession Inventory (ILSI), hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using data collected from 943 middle management and senior management staff located in Catholic schools throughout New South Wales. A four cluster solution was accepted. One cluster consisted of 182 respondents who did not see major impediments to becoming a principal in the future. While short-term targeting of this subpopulation could be an effective strategy in the recruitment of principals, it is necessary to address the underlying impediments to leadership succession in New South Wales Catholic schools.
The social psychology of personal relationships

Personal Relationships and Social Psychology (W. Ickes & S. Duck). An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Relationships (D. Kenrick & M. Trost). A Process Model of Adult Attachment Formation (D. Zeifman & C. Hazan). Perspectives on Interracial Relationships (S. Gaines & W. Ickes). Interdependence in Personal Relationships (C. Rusbult & X. Arriaga). Self-expansion Motivation and Including Other in the Self (A. Aron & E. Aron). Self-presentational Perspectives on Personal Relationships (M. Leary & R. Miller). Methods of Studying Close Relationships (W. Ickes). On the Statistics of Interdependence: Treating Dyadic Data with Respect (R. Gonzalez & D. Griffin). Embracing the Social in Personal Relationships and Research (L. Acitelli, et al.). References. Indexes.
The Instructional Dimensions Study

In 1974, Congress directed the National Institute of Education to perform a general examination of compensatory education. Included in that legislation was the spe­ cific directive to conduct a detailed study of the effectiveness of materials and pro­ cedures for meeting the educational needs of individual children. As a result of that Congressional mandate, NIE requested "proposals for the design of a study to as­ sess the effectiveness of individualize d instruction as it is currently used by com­ pensatory programs in schools" (NIE, 1975, p. 4). In that request for proposals, the NIE
Suomi-NPP VIIRS Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor Performance

When illuminated by the Sun, the onboard solar diffuser (SD) panel provides a known spectral radiance source to calibrate the reflective solar bands of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi-NPP satellite. The SD bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) degrades over time due to solar exposure, and this degradation is measured using the SD stability monitor (SDSM). The SDSM acts as a ratioing radiometer, comparing solar irradiance measurements off the SD panel to those from a direct Sun view. We discuss the design and operations of the SDSM, the SDSM data analysis, including improvements incorporated since launch, and present the results through 1000 days after launch. After 1000 days, the band-dependent H-factors, a quantity describing the relative degradation of the BRDF of the SD panel since launch, range from 0.716 at 412 nm to 0.989 at 926 nm. The random uncertainty of these H-factors is about 0.1%, which is confirmed by the similar standard deviation values computed from the residuals of quadratic exponential fits to the H-factor time trends. The SDSM detector gains have temperature sensitivity of up to about 0.36% per kelvin, but this does not affect the derived H-factors. An initial error in the solar vector caused a seasonal bias to the H-factors of up to 0.5%. The total exposure of the SD panel to UV light after 1000 orbits is equivalent to about 100 h of direct sunlight illumination perpendicular to the SD panel surface.
Optimal Coexistence of Long-term and Short-term contracts in Labor Markets

We consider a market where firms hire workers to run their projects and such projects differ in profitability. At any period, each firm needs two workers to successfully run its project: a junior agent, with no specific skills, and a senior worker, whose effort is not verifiable. Senior workers differ in ability and their competence is revealed after they have worked as juniors in the market. We study the length of the contractual relationships between firms and workers in an environment where the matching between firms and workers is the result of market interaction. We show that, despite in a one-firm-one-worker set-up long-term contracts are the optimal choice for firms, market forces often induce firms to use short-term contracts. Unless the market only consists of firms with very profitable projects, firms operating highly profitable projects offer short-term contracts to ensure the service of high-ability workers and those with less lucrative projects also use short-term contracts to save on the junior workers' wage. Intermediate firms may (or may not) hire workers through long-term contracts.
Family Satisfaction in Two-Generation Farm Families: The Role of Stress and Resources.

This study examines the role of stress and resources in family satisfaction for two-generation farm families, defined as fathers and mothers actively involved in the operation or management of the farm together with the younger generation, consisting of sons and daughters-in-law. From a sample of 481 adults, regression models are developed to explore predictors of family satisfaction. The models highlight the central role of family stress, unity, and power in the perception of family satisfaction; however, the role these variables played differed for each generation. Several implications for educators and clinicians are discussed.
One dimensional prediction and transform for intra coding

A new intra coding method based on one dimensional line prediction with one dimensional transform is presented. The H.264/AVC design includes a multidirectional spatial prediction method to reduce spatial redundancy by using neighboring samples as a prediction for all the samples in a block of data to be encoded. In the proposed intra coding method, the spatial prediction is performed based on line by line in horizontal or vertical direction instead of in the block-based manner used in the current H.264/AVC standard, with one dimensional DCT transform for the residuals. Experimental results on CIF (352×288) sequences show that the new line based intra coding framework reduces the bit rate by approximately 4.3% and 7.2% at the same PSNR comparing with H.264/AVC high profile and baseline profile, respectively.
Can endogenous stem cells be stimulated to repair the degenerating brain?

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are common and disabling, causing great suffering for those affected and their families, and resulting in a very significant financial burden on the state. Unfortunately at present we can only prescribe symptomatic therapy for these diseases given the absence of truly disease modifying treatments. Furthermore, even extremely effective symptomatic treatments, such as levodopa for PD, tend to become less effective over time, together with the development of unwanted side effects such as dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. There is therefore a great need for neuroprotective or neurorestorative treatments that affect disease progression. Repairing the degenerating brain represents a great challenge, not least because it is increasingly recognised that the pathology found in these disorders is dispersed throughout the nervous system. Thus in PD, although the hallmark pathology is degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, there is evidence for diffuse pathology throughout the brain (Braak et al 2002) affecting noradrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and even affecting peripheral autonomic nerves and the gut (Edwards et al 1992). Thus, although an effective treatment could simply target a site of maximal pathology, a curative therapy will need to have a very much more diffuse action.