Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Human Polycomb Group EED Protein Interacts with the Integrase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Human EED, a member of the superfamily of WD-40 repeat proteins and of the Polycomb group proteins, has been identified as a cellular partner of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) matrix (MA) protein (R. Peytavi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274:1635-1645, 1999). In the present study, EED was found to interact with HIV-1 integrase (IN) both in vitro and in vivo in yeast. In vitro, data from mutagenesis studies, pull-down assays, and phage biopanning suggested that EED-binding site(s) are located in the C-terminal domain of IN, between residues 212 and 264. In EED, two putative discrete IN-binding sites were mapped to its N-terminal moiety, at a distance from the MA-binding site, but EED-IN interaction also required the integrity of the EED last two WD repeats. EED showed an apparent positive effect on IN-mediated DNA integration reaction in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. In situ analysis by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) of cellular distribution of IN and EED in HIV-1-infected cells (HeLa CD4+ cells or MT4 lymphoid cells) showed that IN and EED colocalized in the nucleus and near nuclear pores, with maximum colocalization events occurring at 6 h postinfection (p.i.). Triple colocalizations of IN, EED, and MA were also observed in the nucleoplasm of infected cells at 6 h p.i. , suggesting the ocurrence of multiprotein complexes involving these three proteins at early steps of the HIV-1 virus life cycle. Such IEM patterns were not observed with a noninfectious, envelope deletion mutant of HIV-1.
Candidate SNP Markers of Chronopathologies Are Predicted by a Significant Change in the Affinity of TATA-Binding Protein for Human Gene Promoters

Variations in human genome (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) may be associated with hereditary diseases, their complications, comorbidities, and drug responses. Using Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator presented in our previous paper, here we analyzed immediate surroundings of known SNP markers of diseases and identified several candidate SNP markers that can significantly change the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters, with circadian consequences. For example, rs572527200 may be related to asthma, where symptoms are circadian (worse at night), and rs367732974 may be associated with heart attacks that are characterized by a circadian preference (early morning). By the same method, we analyzed the 90 bp proximal promoter region of each protein-coding transcript of each human gene of the circadian clock core. This analysis yielded 53 candidate SNP markers, such as rs181985043 (susceptibility to acute Q fever in male patients), rs192518038 (higher risk of a heart attack in patients with diabetes), and rs374778785 (emphysema and lung cancer in smokers). If they are properly validated according to clinical standards, these candidate SNP markers may turn out to be useful for physicians (to select optimal treatment for each patient) and for the general population (to choose a lifestyle preventing possible circadian complications of diseases).
Induction and rescue of Nod2-dependent Th1-driven granulomatous inflammation of the ileum

Mutations in the NOD2 gene are strong genetic risk factors for ileal Crohn’s disease. However, the mechanism by which these mutations predispose to intestinal inflammation remains a subject of controversy. We report that Nod2-deficient mice inoculated with Helicobacter hepaticus, an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, developed granulomatous inflammation of the ileum, characterized by an increased expression of Th1-related genes and inflammatory cytokines. The Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were markedly enlarged with expansion of IFN-γ–producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. Rip2-deficient mice exhibited a similar phenotype, suggesting that Nod2 function likely depends on the Rip2 kinase in this model. Transferring wild-type bone marrow cells into irradiated Nod2-deficient mice did not rescue the phenotype. However, restoring crypt antimicrobial function of Nod2-deficient mice by transgenic expression of α-defensin in Paneth cells rescued the Th1 inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, through the regulation of intestinal microbes, Nod2 function in nonhematopoietic cells of the small intestinal crypts is critical for protecting mice from a Th1-driven granulomatous inflammation in the ileum. The model may provide insight into Nod2 function relevant to inflammation of ileal Crohn’s disease.
A Direct Symbolic Execution of SQL Code for Testing of Data-Oriented Applications

Symbolic execution is a technique which enables automatically generating test inputs (and outputs) exercising a set of execution paths within a program to be tested. If the paths cover a sufficient part of the code under test, the test data offer a representative view of the program's actual behaviour, which notably enables detecting errors and correcting faults. Relational databases are ubiquitous in software, but symbolic execution of pieces of code that manipulate them remains a non-trivial problem, particularly because of the complex structure of such databases and the complex behaviour of SQL statements. In this work, we define a direct symbolic execution for database manipulation code and integrate it with a more traditional symbolic execution of normal program code. The database tables are represented by relational symbols and the SQL statements by relational constraints over these symbols and the symbols representing the normal variables of the program. An algorithm based on these principles is presented for the symbolic execution of Java methods that implement business use cases by reading and writing in a relational database, the latter subject to data integrity constraints. The algorithm is integrated in a test generation tool and experimented over sample code. The target language for the constraints produced by the tool is the SMT-Lib standard and the used solver is Microsoft Z3. The results show that the proposed approach enables generating meaningful test data, including valid database content, in reasonable time. In particular, the Z3 solver is shown to be more scalable than the Alloy solver, used in our previous work, for solving relational constraints.
Frequency and Types of Partner Violence Among Mexican American College Women

Objective and Participants: The authors studied the prevalence of partner violence, by type, among Mexican American college women aged 18 to 35 years (N = 149; response rate = 85%). Results: Twelve percent of women who reported a dating partner in the past year were physically or sexually assaulted, 12.1% were stalked, and 9.1% scored as psychologically abused. Among those experiencing partner violence, almost half experienced stalking and 89% reported psychological abuse. Few women (25%) who experienced physical violence believed violence was a problem in their relationship. Conclusions: Partner violence was prevalent in this population, and participants experienced many forms of violence. Because few women experiencing physical violence report that violence is a problem in their relationship, interventions must address perceptions of violence and its impact on women's mental and physical health in college populations.
Intelligence‐led policing and change in state law enforcement agencies

Purpose – The events of September 11, 2001 forever changed policing with state and local law enforcement now playing a central role. In this new role many agencies have begun to re‐assess how they best fulfil the demands of homeland security and provide traditional law enforcement. Intelligence‐led policing (ILP) has been advocated as one approach with the potential to confront both terrorism and traditional crime problems; however, the degree to which ILP has been widely embraced remains relatively unexamined. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether level of involvement with homeland security related intelligence subsequent to 9/11 has had a significant impact on interactions between state and federal agencies, and facilitated organizational change in state law enforcement agencies.Design/methodology/approach – Using data collected from a survey of state law enforcement agencies, the paper examines whether involvement in homeland security and the allocation of resources toward intelligence have .
World Class Schools: International Perspectives on School Effectiveness

These authors/editors deserve admiration for attempting a most daunting task. School effectiveness research across countries is a project of enormous complexity and significant value. To discover those variables that make for more effective academic achievement that generalizes to any human setting is a research achievement of the highest order. Their effort is laudable; their findings, not surprisingly, a bit questionable. However, the concluding chapters offer invaluable insights and suggestions for producing ‘‘world class’’ schools that make ownership of this book a must for those who would indeed engage in building a better school or system. Much of the book, unhappily, was hard reading yet worth it because so much was valuable observation. It must be agreed that differences in language, historical and cultural experiences, and educational research technology between countries would present awesome barriers to a well-designed and executed research. Their decisions to limit outcomes, definition of effective schools, to quantifiable mathematics scores; qualitative observational data; and subjective attitudinal
Generation of plate‐like behavior and mantle heterogeneity from a spherical, viscoplastic convection model

How plate tectonics arises from mantle convection is a question that has only very recently become feasible to address with spherical, viscoplastic computations. We present mainly internally heated convection results with temperature‐dependent viscosity and explore parts of the Rayleigh number (Ra)–yield stress (σy) phase space, as well as the effects of depth‐dependent σy, bottom heating, and a low‐viscosity asthenosphere. Convective planform and toroidal‐poloidal velocity field ratio (TPR) are affected by near‐surface viscosity variations, and TPR values are close to observed values for our most plate‐like models. At the relatively low convective vigor that is accessible at present, most models favor spherical harmonic degree one convection, though models with a weaker surface viscosity form degree two patterns and reproduce tomographically observed power spectra. An asthenospheric viscosity reduction improves plate‐like nature, as expected. For our incompressible computations, pure bottom heating produces strong plumes that tend to destroy plates at the surface. This implies that significant internal heating may be required, both to reduce the role of active upwellings and to form a low‐viscosity zone beneath the upper boundary layer.
An interval kicking progression for return to soccer following lower extremity injury.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The majority of all soccer injuries affect the lower extremities. Regardless of whether the injured limb is an athlete's preferred kicking or stance leg, a lower extremity injury may affect their ability to impact the ball. Sport-specific biomechanical progressions to augment loading and gradually reintroduce a player to the demands of sport have been developed for upper extremity sports such as baseball, softball, tennis, and golf. Generalized return to soccer progressions have also been published in order to assist clinicians in safely returning athletes to sport; however, there are no specific progressions for the early stages of kicking designed to introduce stance leg loading and kicking leg impact. Thus, the purpose of this clinical commentary was to review the existing literature elucidating the biomechanics of kicking a soccer ball and propose a progressive kicking program to support clinicians in safely returning their soccer athletes to the demands of sport. DESCRIPTION OF TOPIC The interval kicking program (IKP) describes clinical guidelines for readiness to begin a kicking program as well as possible readiness to return to sport measures. The program is performed on alternate days integrating therapeutic exercise and cardiovascular fitness. The IKP gradually introduces a player to the loading and impact of kicking. The progression increases kicking distance (using the markings of a soccer field as a guide), volume, and intensity and uses proposed soreness rules, effusion guidelines, and player feedback in order to assist clinicians in determining readiness for advancement though the stages. The IKP also recommends utility of specific tests and measures to determine readiness for return to sport. DISCUSSION Gradual reintroduction to sport specific demands is essential for a safe return to soccer. This return to sport progression provides a framework integrating injury specific therapeutic exercise, cardiovascular fitness, and the return to kicking progression, to assist clinicians in initiating an athletes' return to soccer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5.
Reliability of Essay Type Questions — effect of structuring

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to test the reliability of traditional essay type questions and to see the effect of ‘structuring’ on the reliability of those questions. Sixty‐two final MBBS students were divided into two groups of 31 each. Group A was administered a 2‐hour test containing five traditional essay questions picked up from previous university papers, while Group B was administered the same questions in a structured format. The answer sheets were xeroxed and evaluated independently by seven examiners. The dispersion of marks was significantly greater in Group A, as was the variance between marks awarded by the seven examiners to each student. Correlation of individual marks awarded was also poor for Group A scripts. The internal consistency for Group A was 0.31 (p > 0.05) while that for Group B was 0.69 (p < 0.05). Inter‐examiner agreement on ranks awarded was better for Group B. These findings suggest that reliability of traditional essay questions can be improved by structuring them.
Wage and Productivity Dispersion in U.S. Manufacturing: The Role of Computer Investment

By exploiting establishment-level data, this paper sheds new light on the sources of the changes in the structure of production, wages, and employment that have occurred over the last several decades. We investigate the following two related hypotheses. First, that most of the recent increase in the dispersion of wages and productivity has occurred across establishments and these changes are linked. Second, that the increased dispersion in wages and productivity across establishments is linked to differential rates of technological adoption across establishments. Our findings are largely supportive of these hypotheses. Specifically, we find that (1) the between-plant component of wage dispersion is an important and growing part of total wage dispersion; (2) much of the between plant increase in wage dispersion is within industries; (3) the between-plant measures of wage and productivity dispersion have increased substantially over the last few decades; and (4) a significant fraction of the rising dispersion in wages and (to a lesser extent) productivity is accounted for by changes in the distribution of computer investment across plants as well as changes in the wage and productivity differentials associated with the computer investment.
Homework as the Job of Childhood

The authors undertook a series of empirical studies to examine how students experience homework at various grade levels. The research casts a different light on the century-old practice of doing homework, suggesting it is the quintessential job of childhood. Homework creates a situation where the child must complete assigned tasks under minimal supervision and after little initial training. Doing well on that job gets one further along in school. As in the workplace, when children move from beginners to experts with homework, they demonstrate responsibility and become skilled at managing tasks. These positive outcomes enhance the intended deepening of students' subject matter knowledge. However, the authors assert that another virtue of homework is that it can prepare children for jobs they will have one day; it may develop an aptitude for gainful employment.
Pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination and treatment of pregnant women.

OBJECTIVES To understand pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination and treatment of pregnant women for seasonal influenza and pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1). DESIGN Descriptive, exploratory, nonexperimental study. SETTING United States between January 21, 2010, and February 9, 2010. PARTICIPANTS 606 pharmacists who participated in the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Immunization Certificate Training Program and practice in chain, supermarket, mass merchandise, and independent pharmacies. INTERVENTION Electronic survey sent by APhA to 7,356 pharmacists who had participated in its Immunization Certificate Training Program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vaccination and antiviral treatment of pregnant women for seasonal and H1N1 influenza. RESULTS Respondents were more likely to recognize that pregnant women are at an increased risk associated with H1N1 influenza (85%) than to recognize the increased risk associated with seasonal influenza (78%). However, respondents were less likely to believe that they have an important role in vaccinating pregnant women compared with the general public (82% vs. 97%) and less likely to agree that 2009 H1N1 vaccine was safe during pregnancy compared with the seasonal influenza vaccine (78% vs. 87%). Pharmacists who had been vaccinated themselves were more likely to recommend vaccination for pregnant patients. Only 38% believed that antiviral medications such as oseltamivir can be given during pregnancy because the benefits outweigh the risks. However, in response to case studies of pregnant women who were candidates for antiviral medications, respondents indicated that they would take extraordinary steps to ensure that pregnant women were either referred for medical assessment or for assistance in obtaining prescribed antiviral medications. CONCLUSION Education efforts that focus on the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy and the benefits of treating pregnant women with confirmed or suspected influenza with antiviral medications may be useful in improving pharmacists' support of pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the impact of influenza in pregnant women. Pharmacists' personal decisions regarding vaccination may be a marker for their overall assessment of risks and benefits and may influence their recommendations for pregnant patients.
THE EFFECTS DISPOSITIONAL AND SITUATIONAL COGNITIVE FACTORS ON THE INTENTION TO USE INTERNET: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE ACCEPTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT UNIVERSITAS BENGKULU

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of dispositional personality and situational cognitive factors on the intention to use the internet. Personality factors were measured by five variables openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Meanwhile, situational cognitive factors were measured by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and self-efficacy. Survey was conducted to 323 students of Faculty of Economics, Universitas Bengkulu, include extension and Magister Management students programme. This research uses non-probability sampling procedure with purposive-judgment method. Primary data were gathered using closedquestion form questionnaire. Hypotheses testing were conducted using Partial Least Square with software SmartPLS version 2.0. M3. Results showed that openness to experience, perceived usefulness and self-efficacy significantly affect intention to use internet. Meanwhile, situational cognitive factors were better predictor than personality factors on the intention to use internet. This suggests that the application of information technology acceptance and adoption theory dominantly based on perceptual cognitive factors rather than personality. The current study contributes to higher education managers in terms of how to manage common problems of information system resistance. Keywords: dispositional personality, situational cognitive, Information Technology Acceptance, and Information System.
Cognitive Level and Achievement in Computer Literacy

Abstract This study measured to what degree achievement in a computer literacy course related to each of the following variables: general cognitive level, computer aptitude and prior experience using computers, and inherent stress. Subjects were 60 students enrolled in an undergraduate business course designed to teach the use of software packages. Achievement was measured by three course exams. Achievement early in the course was moderately related to measures of computer aptitude and cognitive level, but by the end of the course prior experience using computers emerged as the most important variable. Despite the logical and empirical connections drawn between general cognitive abilities and the ability to learn how to use computers, general abilities may be only marginally relevant to the task of learning to use software.
The Circumstellar Envelope of ζ Tauri through Optical Interferometry

We present optical interferometric observations of the Be star ζ Tauri obtained using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer (NPOI). The multichannel capability of the NPOI allows a high-quality internal calibration of the squared visibilities corresponding to the Hα emission from the circumstellar environment. The observations suggest a strong departure from circular symmetry and thus are described by an elliptical Gaussian model. We use a nonlinear least-squares fit to the data to obtain the likeliest parameters, and the corresponding uncertainties are determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. We obtain 3.14 ± 0.21 mas for the angular size of the major axis, -62. °3 ± 4. °4 for the position angle, and 0.310 ± 0.072 for the axial ratio. By comparing our results with those already in the literature, we conclude that the model parameters describing the general characteristics of the circumstellar envelope of ζ Tau appear to be stable on timescales of years. We also compare our results with the known parameters describing the binary nature of ζ Tau, and we conclude that the envelope surrounds only the primary component and is well within its Roche lobe.
Treatment of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: the pulmonologist’s point of view

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs in 15% of patients with collagen vascular disease (CVD), referred to as connective tissue disease (CTD). Despite advances in management strategies, ILD continues to be a significant cause of mortality in patients with CVD-associated ILD (CTD-ILD). There is a lack of randomized, clinical trials assessing pharmacological agents for CTD-ILD, except in cases of ILD-associated systemic sclerosis (SSc). This may be due to the lack of CTD cases available, the difficulty of histological confirmation of ILD, and the various types of CTD and ILD. As a result, evidence-based pharmacological treatment of CTD-ILD is not yet well established. CTD-ILD presents with varying degrees of histology, from inflammation to fibrosis, and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from minimal symptoms to respiratory failure. This renders it difficult for clinicians to make decisions regarding treatment options, observational strategies, optimal timing for interventions, and the appropriateness of pharmacological agents for treatment. There is no specific treatment for reversing fibrosis-like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a clinical setting. This review describes pharmacological interventions for SSc-ILD described in randomized control trials, and presents an overview of recent advances of CTD-ILD-dependent treatments based on the types of CTD.