Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antarctic contribution to sea level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction

Antarctic volume changes during the past 21 thousand years are smaller than previously thought, and here we construct an ice sheet history that drives a forward model prediction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) gravity signal. The new model, in turn, should give predictions that are constrained with recent uplift data. The impact of the GIA signal on a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Antarctic mass balance estimate depends on the specific GRACE analysis method used. For the method described in this paper, the GIA contribution to the apparent surface mass change is re‐evaluated to be +55±13 Gt/yr by considering a revised ice history model and a parameter search for vertical motion predictions that best fit the GPS observations at 18 high‐quality stations. Although the GIA model spans a range of possible Earth rheological structure values, the data are not yet sufficient for solving for a preferred value of upper and lower mantle viscosity nor for a preferred lithospheric thickness. GRACE monthly solutions from the Center for Space Research Release 04 (CSR‐RL04) release time series from January 2003 to the beginning of January 2012, uncorrected for GIA, yield an ice mass rate of +2.9± 29 Gt/yr. The new GIA correction increases the solved‐for ice mass imbalance of Antarctica to −57±34 Gt/yr. The revised GIA correction is smaller than past GRACE estimates by about 50 to 90 Gt/yr. The new upper bound to the sea level rise from the Antarctic ice sheet, averaged over the time span 2003.0–2012.0, is about 0.16±0.09 mm/yr.
The inner structure of ΛCDM haloes – I. A numerical convergence study

We present a comprehensive set of convergence tests which explore the role of various numerical parameters on the equilibrium structure of a simulated dark matter halo. We report results obtained with two independent, state-of-the-art, multi-stepping, parallel N–body codes: PKDGRAV and GADGET. We find that convergent mass profiles can be obtained for suitable choices of the gravitational softening, timestep, force accuracy, initial redshift, and particle number. For softenings chosen so that particle discreteness effects are negligible, convergence in the circular velocity is obtained at radii where the following conditions are satisfied: (i) the timestep is much shorter than the local orbital timescale; (ii) accelerations do not exceed a characteristic acceleration imprinted by the gravitational softening; and (iii) enough particles are enclosed so that the collisional relaxation timescale is longer than the age of the universe. Convergence also requires sufficiently high initial redshift and accurate force computations. Poor spatial, time, or force resolution leads generally to systems with artificially low central density, but may also result in the formation of artificially dense central cusps. We have explored several adaptive time-stepping choices and obtained best results when individual timesteps are chosen according to the local acceleration and the gravitational softening (�ti / (ǫ/ai) 1/2 ), although further experimentation may yield better and more efficient criteria. The most stringent requirement for c is typically that imposed on the particle number by the collisional relaxation criterion, which implies that in order to estimate accurate circular velocities at radii where the density contrast may reach � 10 6 , the region must enclose of order 3000 particles (or more than a few
Effectiveness studies: advantages and disadvantages

In recent years, so-called “effectiveness studies,” also called “real-world studies” or “pragmatic trials, ” have gained increasing importance in the context of evidencebased medicine. These studies follow less restrictive methodological standards than phase III studies in terms of patient selection, comedication, and other design issues, and their results should therefore be better generalizable than those of phase III trials. Effectiveness studies, like other types of phase IV studies, can therefore contribute to knowledge about medications and supply relevant information in addition to that gained from phase III trials. However, the less restrictive design and inherent methodological problems of phase IV studies have to be carefully considered. For example, the greater variance caused by the different kinds of confounders as well as problematic design issues, such as insensitive primary outcome criteria, unblinded treatment conditions, inclusion of chronic refractory patients, etc, can lead to wrong conclusions. Due to these methodological problems, effectiveness studies are on a principally lower level of evidence, adding only a complementary view to the results of phase III trials without falsifying their results.
Registration of stereo and temporal images of the retina

The registration of retinal images is required to facilitate the study of the optic nerve head and the retina. The method the authors propose combines the use of mutual information as the similarity measure and simulated annealing as the search technique. It is robust toward large transformations between the images and significant changes in light intensity. By using a pyramid sampling approach combined with simulated reannealing the authors find that registration can be achieved to predetermined precision, subject to choice of interpolation and the constraint of time. The algorithm was tested on 49 pairs of stereo images and 48 pairs of temporal images with success.
gustatory processing of linoleic acid Saliva and other taste stimuli are important for

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , June 22, 2011; 31 (25): 9101-9110. J. Neurosci. Jennifer M. Stratford and Thomas E. Finger to Taste Central Representation of Postingestive Chemosensory Cues in Mice That Lack the Ability [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 23, 2012; . Chem. Senses Tadahiro Ohkuri, Nao Horio, Jennifer M. Stratford, Thomas E. Finger and Yuzo Ninomiya (P2X2/P2X3 Double-KO) Mice Residual Chemoresponsiveness to Acids in the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in ''Taste-Blind''
Differences in Gait Characteristics of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (L4 Radiculopathy) and Those with Osteoarthritis of the Hip

It is important to differentially diagnose thigh pain from lumbar spinal stenosis (particularly lumbar fourth nerve root radiculopathy) and osteoarthritis of the hip. In this study, using a treadmill and a motion analysis method, gait characteristics were compared between these conditions. Patients with lumbar fourth nerve root radiculopathy had increased physiological knee flexion immediately after foot-ground contact, possibly owing to a slight decrease in the muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip had decreased range of motion of the hip joint probably due to anatomically limited mobility as well as gait strategy to avoid pain resulting from increased internal pressure on the hip joint during its extension. Our facile and noninvasive method can be useful for the differential diagnosis of lumbar spinal canal stenosis from osteoarthritis of the hip.
The Parkes Galactic Meridian Survey : Observations and CMB polarization foreground analysis

We present observations and cosmic microwave background (CMB) foreground analysis of the Parkes Galactic Meridian Survey, an investigation of the Galactic latitude behaviour of the polarized synchrotron emission at 2.3 GHz with the Parkes Radio Telescope. The survey consists of a 5 degrees wide strip along the Galactic meridian l = 254 degrees extending from the Galactic plane to the South Galactic pole. We identify three zones distinguished by polarized emission properties: the disc, the halo and a transition region connecting them. The halo section lies at latitudes vertical bar b vertical bar > 40 degrees and has weak and smooth polarized emission mostly at large scale with steep angular power spectra of median slope beta(med) similar to -2.6. The disc region covers the latitudes vertical bar b vertical bar <20 degrees and has a brighter, more complex emission dominated by the small scales with flatter spectra of median slope beta(med) = -1.8. The transition region has steep spectra as in the halo, but the emission increases towards the Galactic plane from halo to disc levels. The change of slope and emission structure at b similar to -20 degrees is sudden, indicating a sharp disc-halo transition. The whole halo section is just one environment extended over 50 degrees with very low emission which, once scaled to 70 GHz, is equivalent to the CMB B-mode emission for a tensor-toscalar perturbation power ratio r(halo) = (3.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-3). Applying a conservative cleaning procedure, we estimate an r detection limit of delta r similar to 2 x 10(-3) at 70 GHz (3 sigma confidence limit) and, assuming a dust polarization fraction of <12 per cent, dr similar to 1 x 10(-2) at 150 GHz. The 150-GHz limit matches the goals of planned sub-orbital experiments, which can therefore be conducted at this high frequency. The 70-GHz limit is close to the goal of proposed next-generation space missions, which thus might not strictly require space-based platforms.
A Comparison of Teaching Vocabulary through Audio-Visual Materials versus Traditional Ways

The present research aims at comparing whether teaching vocabulary by the help of audio-visual materials or through traditional ways is a better option in EFL settings. The differences between audiovisual materials and traditional ways have been remarked in the current study. The experiment lasted 3 weeks and was carried out with 36 secondary school students (control and experiment groups). Each group consisted of 18 participants. Firstly, the predetermined target words were taught to both groups by audiovisual materials or traditional ways such as writing, repeating, and translation. Secondly, a vocabulary quiz was applied to the experimental and control groups. When the scores were compared, there wasn’t any significant difference. However, the experimental group was relatively more successful than the control group. Thirdly, a questionnaire and an interview were applied to the participants by the researcher. The results showed that participants prefer to use audiovisual materials in vocabulary activities. Also, it was observed that audiovisual materials make the lessons more interesting and promote the motivation of the learners. Keywords: Audio-Visual Materials, Vocabulary teaching, Traditional ways, Visual learning, Learning Methods, Vocabulary Acquisition
A survey of honeypot research: Trends and opportunities

The number of devices connected to computer networks is increasing daily, and so is the number of network-based attacks. A honeypot is a system trap that is set to act against unauthorised use of information systems. The objective of this study was to survey the emergent trends in extant honeypot research with the aims of contributing to the knowledge gaps in the honeypot environment. The relevant literature was identified from a myriad of sources, such as books, journal articles, reports, et cetera. The findings suggest that honeypots are attracting the interest of researchers as a valuable security technique that can be implemented to mitigate network attacks and provides an opportunity to learn more about the nature of these attacks. Consequently a honeypot can be used as a research tool to gather data about network attacks.
Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model

Airways inflammation is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the precise role that individual inflammatory cells and mediators play in the development of airways hyperreactivity and the morphological changes of the lung during allergic pulmonary inflammation is unknown. In this investigation we have used a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation and interleukin (IL) 5-deficient mice to establish the essential role of this cytokine and eosinophils in the initiation of aeroallergen-induced lung damage and the development of airways hyperreactivity. Sensitization and aerosol challenge of mice with ovalbumin results in airways eosinophilia and extensive lung damage analogous to that seen in asthma. Aeroallergen-challenged mice also display airways hyperreactivity to beta-methacholine. In IL-5-deficient mice, the eosinophilia, lung damage, and airways hyperreactivity normally resulting from aeroallergen challenge were abolished. Reconstitution of IL-5 production with recombinant vaccinia viruses engineered to express this factor completely restored aeroallergen-induced eosinophilia and airways dysfunction. These results indicate that IL-5 and eosinophils are central mediators in the pathogenesis of allergic lung disease.
Generalization of iPad®-Learned Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

5 Introduction . 6 Method . 13 Results . 28 Discussion . 40 References . 53 Tables . 60 Figures. 67 Appendix A . 71 Appendix B . 72 Appendix C . 76 GENERALIZATION OF iPAD®-LEARNED SKILLS 4
Integrating national culture into information and communication technology adoption model

This paper focuses on the importance of positioning ‘culture’ as one of the vital factors that influences the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT). The analysis of various models has made it to believe that cultural factors were not given importance to the development of adoption models. But it is understood that the national culture influences the actual behavior and it can provide additional explanatory power in explaining the variation of the behavior towards adopting a technology.
‘Any room won’t do.’ Clinical psychologists’ understanding of the consulting room. An interview study

In the social sciences, there is increasing interest in spatial practices and the meaning of places. The meaning of the psychotherapeutic room and its boundaries has traditionally been underlined in psychodynamic practice. In this study we investigated how clinical psychologists, working from different perspectives and with varying interventions and populations understand and use the consulting room. Five clinical psychologists were interviewed about how they perceive and use consulting rooms. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The participants understood the consulting room as a logistic unit but also as a welcoming place for relational encounters and sensed that spatial stability was important for their capacity to be fully attentive to their clients. Moreover, technological booking systems could hinder clinical work. The results were understood with respect to Winnicott’s theories of transitional space and holding. In sum, the importance of the room does not seem to be of concern exclusively to psychodynamic psychologists. On the contrary, it seems as if psychologists working with varying interventions and from different perspectives emphasise stable and personal consulting rooms that permit them to adapt to the needs of the clients, be attentive, and avoid disturbances.
CONSIDERATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SELF-EFFICACY LEVELS AND THE DEPRESSION IN INDIVIDUALS OVER 65

The aging is a universal process to be observed in all living things and causing regression in all functions. The individuals may experience various problems biological, psychological and social dimensions together with the aging. The research is planned to consider the relationships between the self-efficacy levels and the depression in individuals older than 65 years. The sample of the research was 374 old individuals who were selected with the simple random sampling from the elder people to be registered in FHCs. The researchers used the socio-demographic question form to be formed through the literature review, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Self-efficacy Sufficiency Scale (SESS) to collect the data. When the socio-demographical features are compared with their self-efficacy and depression average scores; the difference between the SESS and GDS average points were found meaningful for the age, level of education, income level, marital status, living with whom, health status, perception of personal health and use of free times statistically (p<0.05). The negative correlation was found for the total SESS and GDS points of elder people (-0.491, p=0.000). Also, a positive correlation between the age and GDS (0.187, p=0.00), on the other hand, there was a negative correlation to be found between the age and SESS (-0.264, p=0.000) in the research. As a result, important evident was found indicating that the depression increases as the age is getting older, the self-efficacy decreases, and the negative correlation between the depression and self-efficacy for elder people, in the research.
Extreme value analysis of daily Canadian crude oil prices

Crude oil markets are highly volatile and risky. Extreme Value Theory (EVT), an approach to modelling and measuring risks under rare events, has seen a more prominent role in risk management in recent years. This article presents an application of EVT to the daily returns of crude oil prices in the Canadian spot market between 1998 and 2006. We focus on the Peak Over Threshold (POT) method by analysing the generalized Pareto-distributed exceedances over some high threshold. This method provides an effective means for estimating tail risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). The estimates of risk measures computed under different high quantile levels exhibit strong stability across a range of the selected thresholds. At the 99th quantile, the estimates of VaR are approximately 6.3% and 6.8% for daily positive and negative returns, respectively.
Impaired Synaptic Plasticity and Learning in Mice Lacking β-Adducin, an Actin-Regulating Protein

The adducin family of proteins interacts with the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane in a calcium- and cAMP-dependent manner. Thus, adducins may be involved in changes in cytoskeletal organization resulting from synaptic stimulation. β-Adducin knock-out mice were examined in physiological and behavioral paradigms related to synaptic plasticity to elucidate the role the adducin family plays in processes underlying learning and memory. In situ hybridization for α- and β-adducin demonstrates that these mRNAs are found throughout the brain, with high levels of expression in the hippocampus. Schaffer collateral-CA1 tetanic long-term potentiation decayed rapidly in acute hippocampal slices from β-adducin knock-out mice, although baseline spine morphology and postsynaptic density were normal. Interestingly, the input-output relationship was significantly increased in hippocampal slices from β-adducin knock-out mice. Furthermore, β-adducin knock-out mice were impaired in performance of fear conditioning and the water maze paradigm. The current results indicate that β-adducin may play an important role in the cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory.
Construction of compound nouns (CNs) for noun phrase in Malay sentence

This paper addresses the process of compound noun construction from simple Malay sentences. To construct the compound noun, we characterize them according to the noun phrase categories in Malay sentence. All these categories are formed based on the combination of noun and noun, noun and noun modifier and noun and non-noun modifier. The noun phrase in Malay sentence is referred to as a word group with a noun as its head. The head noun is then accompanied by modifiers or compliments. The modifiers or compliments can be either noun, verb, adjective, determiner or etc. A good understanding of Malay language is an important skill for evaluating and nominating a correct compound noun found from the data collection. The compound noun then will be match with its appropriate category. We also design a general process flow to show the steps involved in creating compound noun from our data collection. The total number of compound nouns collected is important, so that the searching process becomes more widespread. A suitable searching method and data representation is also significant for handling compound nouns from a database.
Relationships between practice, motivation, and examination outcomes

While there has been a great deal of research on instrumental practice and the nature of motivation to engage with music making, there has been relatively little that has considered the relationship of these with instrumental examination outcomes. This research aimed to address this issue. A total of 2,131 young musicians, aged 6–19, across a wide range of expertise, with a range of examination outcomes responded to a series of statements on a 7-point Likert scale relating to practice and motivation. Those merely awarded a pass grade in their examinations tended to undertake the least practice. Factor analysis revealed seven factors relating to practice and six to motivation. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences between those with different examination outcomes in relation to the organization of practice, the use of recordings and the metronome, the adoption of analytic strategies, social life, and self-belief in musical ability. Students who received merely a pass grade in their examination responded least positively to these statements. Those who had failed were most likely to adopt ineffective practice strategies and were less likely to enjoy performing, playing, lessons, and practice. The findings are discussed in relation to earlier research.
Estimation in high-dimensional linear models with deterministic design matrices

Because of the advance in technologies, modern statistical studies often encounter linear models with the number of explanatory variables much larger than the sample size. Estimation and variable selection in these high-dimensional problems with deterministic design points is very different from those in the case of random covariates, due to the identifiability of the high-dimensional regression parameter vector. We show that a reasonable approach is to focus on the projection of the regression parameter vector onto the linear space generated by the design matrix. In this work, we consider the ridge regression estimator of the projection vector and propose to threshold the ridge regression estimator when the projection vector is sparse in the sense that many of its components are small. The proposed estimator has an explicit form and is easy to use in application. Asymptotic properties such as the consistency of variable selection and estimation and the convergence rate of the prediction mean squared error are established under some sparsity conditions on the projection vector. A simulation study is also conducted to examine the performance of the proposed estimator.
Design and Preliminary Validation of The Player Experience Inventory

We present the design and preliminary results of the validation of the Player Experience Inventory (PXI). Based on the input of 64 experts in the field of player-computer interaction, we designed and refined this new scale. Our scale is based on the MDA framework (and on Means-End theory, underlying MDA). The PXI incorporates two subscales, one with dimensions at the functional level (i.e., dynamics) and one at the psycho-social level (i.e., aesthetics). The initial results, via principal factor analysis, suggest the scale can be used accurately to evaluate player experience. This work is our first step towards presenting a new, validated survey instrument for player experience evaluation.