Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tomlinson-Harashima precoding with partial channel knowledge

We consider minimum mean-square error Tomlinson-Harashima (MMSE-TH) precoding for time-varying frequency-selective channels. We assume that the receiver estimates the channel and sends the channel state information (CSI) estimate to the transmitter through a lossless feedback channel that introduces a certain delay. Thus, the CSI mismatch at the receiver is due to estimation errors, while the CSI mismatch at the transmitter is due to both estimation errors and channel time variations. We exploit a priori statistical channel knowledge, and we derive an optimal TH precoder, adopting a Bayesian approach. We use simulations to compare the performance of the so-derived TH precoder with that of the same-complexity MMSE decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). We observe that for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and sufficiently slow channel time variations, the optimal TH precoder outperforms the DFE, while at high SNR, the opposite happens.
EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET‐A RADIATION AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY ON THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF PHOTOPROTECTIVE COMPOUNDS IN GLENODINIUM FOLIACEUM (DINOPHYCEAE) 1

The photoprotective response in the dinoflagellate Glenodinium foliaceum F. Stein exposed to ultraviolet‐A (UVA) radiation (320–400 nm; 1.7 W · m2) and the effect of nitrate and phosphate availability on that response have been studied. Parameters measured over a 14 d growth period in control (PAR) and experimental (PAR + UVA) cultures included cellular mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs), chls, carotenoids, and culture growth rates. Although there were no significant effects of UVA on growth rate, there was significant induction of MAA compounds (28 ± 2 pg · cell−1) and a reduction in chl a (9.6 ± 0.1 pg · cell−1) and fucoxanthin (4.4 ± 0.1 pg · cell−1) compared to the control cultures (3 ± 1 pg · cell−1, 13.3 ± 3.2 pg · cell−1, and 7.4 ± 0.3 pg · cell−1, respectively). In a second investigation, MAA concentrations in UVA‐exposed cultures were lower when nitrate was limited (P < 0.05) but were higher when phosphate was limiting. Nitrate limitation led to significant decreases (P < 0.05) in cellular concentration of chls (chl c1, chl c2, and chl a), but other pigments were not affected. Phosphate availability had no effect on final pigment concentrations. Results suggest that nutrient availability significantly affects cellular accumulation of photoprotective compounds in G. foliaceum exposed to UVA.
The Coordinated Action of Calcineurin and Cathepsin D Protects Against α-Synuclein Toxicity

The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during Parkinson’s disease (PD) is intimately linked to malfunction of α-synuclein (αSyn), the main component of the proteinaceous intracellular inclusions characteristic for this pathology. The cytotoxicity of αSyn has been attributed to disturbances in several biological processes conserved from yeast to humans, including Ca2+ homeostasis, general lysosomal function and autophagy. However, the precise sequence of events that eventually results in cell death remains unclear. Here, we establish a connection between the major lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CatD) and the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. In a yeast model for PD, high levels of human αSyn triggered cytosolic acidification and reduced vacuolar hydrolytic capacity, finally leading to cell death. This could be counteracted by overexpression of yeast CatD (Pep4), which re-installed pH homeostasis and vacuolar proteolytic function, decreased αSyn oligomers and aggregates, and provided cytoprotection. Interestingly, these beneficial effects of Pep4 were independent of autophagy. Instead, they required functional calcineurin signaling, since deletion of calcineurin strongly reduced both the proteolytic activity of endogenous Pep4 and the cytoprotective capacity of overexpressed Pep4. Calcineurin contributed to proper endosomal targeting of Pep4 to the vacuole and the recycling of the Pep4 sorting receptor Pep1 from prevacuolar compartments back to the trans-Golgi network. Altogether, we demonstrate that stimulation of this novel calcineurin-Pep4 axis reduces αSyn cytotoxicity.
Consecuencias ideacionales del tipo de escuela (pública, privada religiosa y privada laica)

The efficiency of the type of school attended to can be measured through its influence on the adult's way of thinking. The type of educational institution attended to till the age of 16 does not seem to have had any influence on a variety of the adult's cultural aspects (ideological and psychological), at least we have not been able to find out this influence. The survey on the quality of life at work, conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Labour and Social Security in 1999 has been used as a database.
Filter-and-forward based full-duplex relay networks with cooperative beamforming

In this paper, we consider full-duplex (FD) relay networks with filter-and-forward (FF) based multiple relays, where relay filters jointly mitigate self-interference (SI), inter-relay interference (IRI), and inter-symbol interference (ISI). We consider the filter design problem based on signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio maximization subject to a relay transmit power constraint. To make the problem tractable, we propose two methods; the first method imposes an additional constraint that the filter responses to SI and IRI should be zero; the second method makes the i.i. d. assumption on the relay transmit signals. Simulation results show that the proposed FF-FD scheme outperforms a conventional FF-based half-duplex scheme regarding achievable rate. We also consider the filter design based on the second-order statistics of channel coefficients.
The Spatial Clustering of Star-forming Galaxies at Redshifts 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 3.5

We analyzed the spatial distribution of 28,500 photometrically selected galaxies with magnitude 23.5 < ℛAB < 25.5 and redshift 1.4 < z < 3.5 in 21 fields with a total area of 0.81 deg2. The galaxies were divided into three subsamples, with mean redshifts = 1.7, 2.2, and 2.9, according to their UnGℛ colors. Combining the galaxies' measured angular clustering with redshift distributions inferred from 1600 spectroscopic redshifts, we find comoving correlation lengths at the three redshifts of r0 = 4.5 ± 0.6, 4.2 ± 0.5, and 4.0 ± 0.6 h-1 Mpc, respectively, and infer a roughly constant correlation function slope of γ = 1.6 ± 0.1. We derive similar numbers from the 1600 object spectroscopic sample itself with a new statistic, K, that is insensitive to many possible systematics. Galaxies that are bright in ℛ (λrest ~ 1500-2500 Å) cluster more strongly than fainter galaxies at z = 2.9 and 2.2 but not, apparently, at z = 1.7. Comparison to a numerical simulation that is consistent with recent WMAP observations suggests that galaxies in our samples are associated with dark matter halos of mass 1011.2-1011.8 (z = 2.9), 1011.8-1012.2 (z = 2.2), and 1011.9-1012.3 M☉ (z = 1.7) and that a small fraction of the halos contain more than one galaxy that satisfies our selection criteria. Adding recent observations of galaxy clustering at z ~ 0 and ~1 to the simulation results, we conclude that the typical object in our samples will evolve into an elliptical galaxy by redshift z = 0 and will already have an early-type spectrum by redshift z = 1. We comment briefly on the implied relationship between galaxies in our survey and those selected with other techniques.
A comparison of different instruments proposed to measure the Big Five.

We compared three questionnaires assumed to measure different versions of five basic or Big Five factors of personality: The revised form of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), developed by COSTA and McCRAE (1992) within the framework of the conventional Big Five factor model (GOLDBERG, 1990); the Zuckerman Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ-III; ZUCKERMAN, KUHLMAN, TETA, JOIREMAN & CARROCCIA, 1992) measuring five basic temperament factors assumed to have significant biological correlates and genetic influence; and the Professional Personality Questionnaire (PPQ; KLINE & LAPHAM, 1990) designed to measure the Big Five, as described by COSTA and McCRAE, in occupational settings. Factors derived from a set of 179 adjective rating scales were used as a standard of comparison representing the Big Five in the tradition of the lexical approach to personality. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire scales and rating factors revealed rive components that were most clearly defined by the NEO-PI-R domain scales and the adjective rating factors.
A1C and Coronary Artery Calcification in Nondiabetic Men and Women

Objective—This study aimed to examine the association between glycohemoglobin (A1C) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in nondiabetic men and women without overt cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus after accounting for fasting glucose and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Approach and Results—A cross-sectional study was performed in 25 564 Korean adults (41.4±7.0 years) with no diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose, ≥7.0 mmol/L or a history of diabetes mellitus) and no clinically evident cardiovascular disease, who underwent a health checkup, including a cardiac computed tomography estimation of CAC scores and measurements of cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of CAC was defined as a CAC score >0; CAC was observed in 12.0% of men and 4.9% of women. Age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for CAC comparing A1C of 5.5% to 5.6%, 5.7% to 5.9%, and 6.0% to 6.4% with A1C <5.5% were 1.12 (0.99–1.28), 1.44 (1.27–1.63), and 1.63 (1.39–1.90) in men and 1.76 (0.96–3.25), 1.86 (1.05–3.29), and 3.09 (1.68–5.70) in women, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing A1C of 5.5% to 5.6%, 5.7% to 5.9%, and 6.0% to 6.4% with A1C of <5.5% were 1.04 (0.91–1.19), 1.21 (1.07–1.38), and 1.25 (1.05–1.48) in men and 1.75 (0.94–3.29), 1.59 (0.88–2.87), and 2.48 (1.29–4.74) in women, respectively. These associations persisted in subjects without any metabolic abnormalities, including fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Conclusions—A higher A1C level was found to have a modest and independent association with the subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, even in metabolically healthy individuals.
Use of the Dexamethasone-Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone Test to Assess Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objectives. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis function may be abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A pilot study in 7 patients suggested impaired glucocorticoid feedback in some patients after the dexamethasone-corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) test. This study aimed to investigate the dexamethasone-corticotrophin releasing factor test in a larger group of patients and relate the results to characteristics of the disease. Methods. Outpatients with active RA (≥3 swollen and tender joints and C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L) took dexamethasone (1.5 mg) at 23:00 hour in the evening. Next day, baseline saliva and plasma samples were collected, CRH was infused at 11:00 hour, and 4 serial blood and saliva samples were collected. Plasma samples were stored at −80°C and a radioimmunoassay performed for saliva and plasma cortisol. Results. All 20 participants showed normal dexamethasone suppression and mounted no response to the CRH challenge. In samples with measurable cortisol, there was a strong correlation between saliva and plasma values (r = 0.876, n = 26, P < .01). Conclusion. No abnormalities were found in the Dexamethasone-CRH test in RA patients in contrast to a previous pilot study. Salivary cortisol measurement may offer an alternative noninvasive technique to plasma cortisol in RA patients in future studies.
Unintentional Activation of Translation Equivalents in Bilinguals Leads to Attention Capture in a Cross-Modal Visual Task

Using a variant of the visual world eye tracking paradigm, we examined if language non- selective activation of translation equivalents leads to attention capture and distraction in a visual task in bilinguals. High and low proficient Hindi-English speaking bilinguals were instructed to programme a saccade towards a line drawing which changed colour among other distractor objects. A spoken word, irrelevant to the main task, was presented before the colour change. On critical trials, one of the line drawings was a phonologically related word of the translation equivalent of the spoken word. Results showed that saccade latency was significantly higher towards the target in the presence of this cross-linguistic translation competitor compared to when the display contained completely unrelated objects. Participants were also slower when the display contained the referent of the spoken word among the distractors. However, the bilingual groups did not differ with regard to the interference effect observed. These findings suggest that spoken words activates translation equivalent which bias attention leading to interference in goal directed action in the visual domain.
Hysterectomy Controversies: Ovarian and Cervical Preservation

The decision to retain or remove the ovaries and cervix at the time of hysterectomy is complex and controversial. We present a summary of the current literature on the risks and benefits of elective oophorectomy and subtotal hysterectomy to inform surgical decision making. There are no randomized trials of oophorectomy compared with hysterectomy and ovarian preservation. Observational studies have conflicting evidence on long-term health outcomes following oophorectomy. In contrast, there are high-quality randomized trials of subtotal versus total hysterectomy; there is a decrease in some short-term surgical complications for women who undergo subtotal hysterectomy, but no differences in long-term outcomes.
Time-Varying Exchange Rate Pass-Through: Experiences of Some Industrial Countries

This paper estimates exchange rate pass-through of six major industrial countries using a time-varying parameter with stochastic volatility model. Exchange rate pass-through is divided into impacts of exchange rate fluctuations to import prices (first-stage pass-through) and those of import price movements to consumer prices (second-stage pass-through). The paper finds that both stages of pass-through have declined over time for all the sample countries. The decline in second-stage pass-through is associated with the emergence of the low and stable inflation environment as well as a rise in import penetration, while the relationship to the inflation environment is weak for first-stage pass-through.
Loss of ectodermal competence for lateral line placode formation in the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui.

In the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui neuromasts and ganglia of the lateral line system never develop. We show here that this absence of the lateral line system, which is evolutionarily derived in anurans, is due to very early changes in development. Ectodermal thickenings, which are typical of lateral line placodes, and from which neuromasts and ganglion cells of the lateral line originate, never form in E. coqui, although other neurogenic placodes are present. Moreover, although NeuroD is expressed in the lateral line placodes of Xenopus laevis, corresponding expression sites are lacking in E. coqui. Heterospecific transplantation experiments show that axolotl ectoderm can be induced to form lateral line placodes after transplantation to E. coqui hosts but that E. coqui ectoderm does not form lateral line placodes on axolotl hosts. This suggests that the loss of the lateral line system in E. coqui is due to the specific loss of ectodermal competence to form lateral line placodes in response to inductive signals. Our results (1) indicate that the competence for lateral line placode formation is distinct and dissociable from the competence to form other neurogenic placodes and (2) support the idea that the lateral line system acts as a module in development and evolution.
Algorithmic optimisation of histogram intersection kernel support vector machine-based pedestrian detection using low complexity features

Histogram intersection kernel support vector machine (SVM) is accepted as a better discriminator than its linear counterpart when used for pedestrian detection in images and video frames. Its computational complexity has, however, limited its use in practical real-time detectors. To circumvent this problem, prior work proposed a low complexity detection framework based on integer-only histograms of oriented gradient features which allow a look-up table-based implementation of kernel SVM leading to further simplification without compromising detection performance. This work describes several important enhancements made in the original framework related to the pre-processing steps, feature calculation and training setup. Resultantly, the augmented framework, proposed in this study, stands out in terms of the detection accuracy and computational complexity compared to contemporary detectors. The best detector described in this study achieves 8 and 2% lesser miss rates (MRs) on ETH and INRIA pedestrian datasets, respectively, compared to the well-known boosting cascades-based aggregate channel feature detector despite avoiding complex floating point operations. Moreover, the proposed detector performs exceptionally better in scenarios where less than 10−2 false positives per image are desired as demonstrated through the MR versus false positive curves.
The Impact of Agent-Based Models in the Social Sciences after 15 Years of Incursions

This paper provides an overview on the impact of agent-based models in the social sciences. It focuses on the reasons why agent-based models are seen as important innovations in the recent decades. It is aimed to evaluate the impact of this innovation on various disciplines, such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and behavioural sciences. It discusses the advances it contributed to achieve and illustrates some comparatively new fields to which it gave rise. Finally, it emphasizes some research issues that need to be addressed in the future.
Using the Community Readiness Model to Select Communities for a Community-Wide Obesity Prevention Intervention

To build on a growing interest in community-based obesity prevention programs, methods are needed for matching intervention strategies to local needs and assets. We used the Community Readiness Model (CRM), a structured interview guide and scoring system, to assess community readiness to act on childhood obesity prevention, furthering a replication study of a successful intervention. Using the CRM protocol, we conducted interviews with 4 stakeholders in each of 10 communities of similar size, socioeconomic status, and perceived readiness to implement a community-wide obesity prevention intervention. Communities were in California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. The 4 stakeholders were the mayor or city manager, the school superintendent, the school food service director, and a community coalition representative. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed. Pairs of trained reviewers scored the transcriptions according to CRM protocol. The CRM assesses 9 stages of readiness for 6 dimensions: existing community efforts to prevent childhood obesity, community knowledge about the efforts, leadership, community climate, knowledge about the issue, and resources. We calculated an overall readiness score for each community from the dimension scores. Overall readiness scores ranged from 2.97 to 5.36 on the 9-point scale. The mean readiness score, 4.28 (SD, 0.68), corresponds with a "preplanning" level of readiness. Of the 6 dimensions, community climate varied the least (mean score, 3.11; SD, 0.64); leadership varied the most (mean score, 4.79; SD, 1.13). The CRM quantified a subjective concept, allowing for comparison among 10 communities. Dimension scores and qualitative data from interviews helped in the selection of 6 communities for a replication study.
Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources:

This report provides an initial assessment of shale oil resources and updates a prior assessment of shale gas resources issued in April 2011. It assesses 137 shale formations in 41 countries outside the United States, expanding on the 69 shale formations within 32 countries considered in the prior report. 1 There were two reasons for pursuing an updated assessment of shale resources so soon after the prior report. First, geologic research and well drilling results not available for use in the 2011 report allow for a more informed evaluation of the shale formations covered in that report as well as other shale formations that it did not assess. Second, while the 2011 report focused exclusively on natural gas, recent developments in the United States highlight the role of shale formations and other tight plays as sources of crude oil, lease condensates, and a variety of liquids processed from wet natural gas. As shown in Table 1, estimates in the updated report taken in conjunction with EIA's own assessment of resources within the United States indicate technically recoverable resources of 345 billion barrels of world shale oil resources and 7,299 trillion cubic feet of world shale gas resources. The new global shale gas resource estimate is 10 percent higher than the estimate in the 2011 report.
Physical Activity and Cognition: A Mediating Role of Efficient Sleep

ABSTRACT Objective: Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults. Participants: Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages 21–30 and 55–80. Methods: Participants wore an accelerometer for one week to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and physical activity, operationalized as metabolic equivalent of task (METs) during time spent awake. Cognition was assessed in the laboratory across multiple measures of executive control, memory recall, and processing speed. Mediation analyses tested the role of sleep efficiency in the cross-sectional relationship between METs and cognitive performance accounting for age, sex, and education. Results: METs were significantly associated with performance before, but not after accounting for covariates. METs were associated with sleep efficiency but not total sleep time. Sleep efficiency, but not total sleep time, mediated the relationship between METs and working memory, switching, verbal ability and fluency, and recall. Age group did not moderate the mediating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between METs and performance. Conclusion: Sleep efficiency is one pathway by which physical activity may be associated with executive control across young and older adults.
Baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

Approximately 30%-40% of all baryons in the present-day universe reside in a warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), with temperatures in the range 105 < T < 107 K. This is a generic prediction from six hydrodynamic simulations of currently favored structure formation models having a wide variety of numerical methods, input physics, volumes, and spatial resolutions. Most of these warm-hot baryons reside in diffuse large-scale structures with a median overdensity around 10-30, not in virialized objects such as galaxy groups or galactic halos. The evolution of the WHIM is primarily driven by shock heating from gravitational perturbations breaking on mildly nonlinear, nonequilibrium structures such as filaments. Supernova feedback energy and radiative cooling play lesser roles in its evolution. WHIM gas may be consistent with observations of the 0.25 keV X-ray background without being significantly heated by nongravitational processes because the emitting gas is very diffuse. Our results confirm and extend previous work by Cen & Ostriker and Davé et al.