Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why are Households that Report the Lowest Incomes so Well�?Off?

Using data from the Living Costs and Food Survey in the UK over 1978-2009 we document that households with extremely low measured income (below 10% of median income) on average spend much more than those with merely moderately low income (those below 50% of median income): in short, the graph of median expenditure against income contains a sharp non-monotonicity (or `tick'). We show that this tick appears, to a greater or lesser extent, over the whole period and across different employment states, levels of education and marital statuses. Of the likely explanations, we provide several arguments that discount over-reporting of expenditure and argue that under-reporting of income plays the major role. In particular, by using a dynamic model of consumption and saving, and paying special attention to poverty dynamics, we show that consumption smoothing cannot explain all the apparent dissaving. Finally, and whatever the reason for the tick, we document that low consumption is better correlated with other measures of living standards than having low income.
On the concept of the resilient machine

In this paper, we propose a new design concept for machine systems called resilient machine. We elaborate this concept in the context of two known concepts (i.e., reliability and robustness) in machine systems. We also propose a general architecture of resilient machines and propose three design principles for them. Several examples of resilient machines based on our definition are also shown in this paper.
The embodiment of linguistic meaning: Key findings from psychology and neuroscience

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Review of Routing Metrics for Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) are very promising technology and will play an important role in future generation wireless mobile networks. In Wireless Mesh Networks the main goal is to get the best possible quality and efficiency of data transmission between source and destination nodes. Therefore, a variety of routing metrics has been proposed for wireless mesh networks providing routing algorithms with high flexibility in the selection of best path and offering a compromise between throughput, end-to-end delay, energy consumption and control overhead. In this paper, we present a detailed survey of routing metrics based on their classification.
Can the philosophy curriculum be Africanised? An examination of the prospects and challenges of some models of Africanisation

By the year 2010 I had begun to seriously question the type of philosophy we learn and teach in universities in sub-Saharan Africa. I also questioned the technique of curriculum deployment. But besides the technique of curriculum deployment which can be blamed on the teachers, one ready suspicion for the poverty of the philosophy education in Africa is the dominance of a Western curriculum. On the basis of this, I identified some new models for Africanising the philosophy curriculum. They are: the B-model, the C-model and the D-model. Of the three, I recommended the C-model to the University of Calabar and am still awaiting approval. However, I realise now that it never occurred to me to double-check on the prospects and challenges of my proposed C-model and the other two models. This is the focus of this paper. First, I want to explain what it might mean to Africanise the philosophy curriculum. Second, I want to describe, however briefly, the structure of the three models. And third, I want to properly examine the prospects and challenges that might confront them in practice, and leave the judgement as to which is better to the reader. My method will consist in critical analysis.
of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization Do Taxes Produce Better Wine ?

Theory predicts that unit taxes increase the quality consumed in a market, since unit taxes reduce the relative price of high quality goods. Ad valorem taxes, on the other hand, have no effect on relative prices, and should not affect product quality. The hypothesis is tested empirically in the US wine market. I find that the market share of high quality wine is significantly increased by unit taxes, and that there is no significant effect of ad valorem taxes, in accordance with the hypothesis and previous empirical studies.
The associations between biological father involvement (quantity and quality) and family support with adult child well-being

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate factors related to quantity and quality of biological father involvement in non-intact families and family support and their association with young adult child outcomes. The independent variables examined were the biological father's number of years living with his child, early, middle and late developmental periods present, number of transitions, and relationship quality with the young adult child during childhood. The dependent variables were related to sexual health and five distinct domains that have emerged from the research literature: 1) education, 2) economic, 3) physical, 4) social, and 5) emotional. This dissertation drew on a subsample of the 2,988 respondents of the New Family Structures Study (NFSS). Biological fathers were examined from non-intact families (n = 1793) of which 1,080, lived with their child for at least part of a year. The Father Adult-child Involvement Relationship Outcomes (FAIRO) Model was developed with current literature and theory to form quantity and quality father involvement hypotheses and test those using mean comparisons, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. This study detected weak to moderate positively statistically significant associations between the quantity and quality of the biological father involvement in the non-intact families and young adult child outcomes. The results seemed to indicate the importance of the role of the father; even in a non-intact family where the father spends time apart from his children, he is still able to influence the outcomes of his children. The findings pointed to the need for further research into fatherhood transitions, early involvement, and the salient influence of family support. This research takes a small step in examining quantity and quality father involvement associations on young adult outcomes to make an incremental contribution to the research, theory, and practice of father involvement that may benefit the future well-being of children. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL FATHER INVOLVEMENT (QUANTITY AND QUALITY) AND FAMILY SUPPORT WITH ADULT CHILD WELL-BEING
Predictors of Nursing Home Placement for Home Care Consumers

Predictors of Nursing Home Placement for Home Care Consumers By Ian Matthew Nelson The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of nursing home placement for individuals receiving home care services through a locally funded levy program. Utilizing the data gathered at baseline, newly enrolled individuals were followed for 2.5 years. Logistic regression analysis suggested that increased age, poor self-reported health, limitations in bathing and meal preparation, and higher medical expenses significantly increased the chances of nursing home placement. Recommendations for future research and policy implications are discussed. Predictors of Nursing Home Placement for Home Care Consumers
Functional Development of Amygdalae and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Emotion Processing

Emotion processing involves specialised brain regions allowing for effective evaluation of the social environment and for the acquisition of social skills that emerge over childhood. In humans, an important aspect of normal development is the ability to understand the facial expressions of others that signal the nature and safety of the environment. Existing functional data, however, have not characterised the developmental trajectories associated with the differing neural and cognitivebehavioural development. The current thesis investigates the functional specialisation and development of the spatial and temporal patterns in neural activities during implicit processing of facial emotions from early childhood through adulthood. The first study identified brain regions engaged in implicit processing of emotional expressions using a simple emotion-processing paradigm (target detection task) with fourteen healthy adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings.
Gelotophobia in practice and the implications of ignoring it

Over 85 empirical articles investigating the fear of being laughed at have been published. Still, the question “why bother with another inter-individual differences variable? ” arises. This quantitative paper based on 240 people, aims to show why gelotophobia has been widely neglected in therapeutic settings and why therapists may not have come across gelotophobes in their practice. Second, examples of extreme case studies involving gelotophobe’s perspective on treatment, exploring the practice and challenges arising in treatments will be given. Finally, an argument why there is a need for the inclusion of gelotophobia awareness for schools and for bullying interventions is proposed. Conclusions are drawn suggesting the importance of inclusion of this phenomenon.
A biophysical model of atrial fibrillation ablation: what can a surgeon learn from a computer model?

AIMS Surgical ablation procedures for treating atrial fibrillation have been shown to be highly successful. However, the ideal ablation pattern still remains to be determined. This article reports on a systematic study of the effectiveness of the performance of different ablation line patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS This study of ablation line patterns was performed in a biophysical model of human atria by combining basic lines: (i) in the right atrium: isthmus line, line between vena cavae and appendage line and (ii) in the left atrium: several versions of pulmonary vein isolation, connection of pulmonary veins, isthmus line, and appendage line. Success rates and the presence of residual atrial flutter were documented. Basic patterns yielded conversion rates of only 10-25 and 10-55% in the right and the left atria, respectively. The best result for pulmonary vein isolation was obtained when a single closed line encompassed all veins (55%). Combination of lines in the right/left atrium only led to a success rate of 65/80%. Higher rates, up to 90-100%, could be obtained if right and left lines were combined. The inclusion of a left isthmus line was found to be essential for avoiding uncommon left atrial flutter. CONCLUSION Some patterns studied achieved a high conversion rate, although using a smaller number of lines than those of the Maze III procedure. The biophysical atrial model is shown to be effective in the search for promising alternative ablation strategies.
High‐throughput screening and small animal models, where are we?

Current high‐throughput screening methods for drug discovery rely on the existence of targets. Moreover, most of the hits generated during screenings turn out to be invalid after further testing in animal models. To by‐pass these limitations, efforts are now being made to screen chemical libraries on whole animals. One of the most commonly used animal model in biology is the murine model Mus musculus. However, its cost limit its use in large‐scale therapeutic screening. In contrast, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the fish Danio rerio are gaining momentum as screening tools. These organisms combine genetic amenability, low cost and culture conditions that are compatible with large‐scale screens. Their main advantage is to allow high‐throughput screening in a whole‐animal context. Moreover, their use is not dependent on the prior identification of a target and permits the selection of compounds with an improved safety profile. This review surveys the versatility of these animal models for drug discovery and discuss the options available at this day.
Steady state lifetime estimation of the power semiconductors in the rotor side converter of a 2 MW DFIG wind turbine via power cycling capability analysis

In this paper the lifetime of the power semiconductors in the rotor side converter of a wind turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) concerning their power cycle capability is examined. Based on the offshore wind velocity data of one year (FINO station), the corresponding temperature cycles of the power semiconductors in the converter are simulated for a 2 MW DFIG. The simulation is based on a partial load control strategy and an adequate selection of the power module. With three different cycles-to-failure statistics, the lifetime consumption of one year is estimated.
Wordnet Wordsense Disambigioution using an Automatically Generated Ontology

In this paper we present a word sense disambiguation method in which ambiguous words are first disambiguated to senses from an automatically generated ontology, and from there mapped to Wordnet senses. We use the ”clustering by committee” algorithm to automatically generate sense clusters given untagged text. The content of each cluster is used to map ambiguous words from those clusters to Wordnet senses. The algorithm does not require any training data, but we suspect that performance could be improved by supplementing the text to be disambiguated with untagged text from a similar source. We compare our algorithm to a similar disambiguation scheme that does not make use of automatically generated senses, as well as too an intermediate algorithm that makes use of the automatically generated semantic categories, but does not limit itself to the actual sense clusters. While what results we were able to gather show that the direct disambiguator outperforms our other two algorithms, there are a number of reasons not to give up hope in the approach.
The quadruped ALoF and a step towards real world haptic terrain classification

The intention of this paper is twofold. It first describes the robotic platform AloF and its control software framework which was designed for autonomous locomotion in rough terrain. The robot has a very large range of leg motion to actively explore its surroundings through haptic interaction and to increase its locomotion capabilities. The platform is robust enough to carry adequate sensors to perceive the surrounding environment. As a step towards reliable terrain classification for legged robots, we are additionally presenting a novel method based on haptic feedback. The method has been evaluated on a simplified ALoF leg, employed in a test setup. Eleven different samples of natural terrains have been classified in experiments. Features, extracted primarily from contact force and motor current measurements, were used for training and prediction by a multiclass AdaBoost machine learning algorithm. About 87% of the real terrain samples have been classified correctly.
X-Ray-Optical-Radio Observations of a Resolved Supernova Remnant in NGC 6822

The supernova remnant (SNR) Ho 12, in the center of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822, was previously observed at X-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths. By using archival Chandra and ground-based optical data, we found that the SNR is spatially resolved in X-rays and optical. In addition, we obtained a ∼5″ resolution radio image of the SNR. These observations provide the highest spatial resolution imaging of an X-ray–optical–radio SNR in that galaxy to date. The multiwavelength morphology, X-ray spectrum and variability, and narrowband optical imagings are consistent with an SNR. The SNR is a shell-shaped object with a diameter of about 10″ (24 pc). The morphology of the SNR is consistent across the wavelengths, while the Chandra spectrum can be well fitted with a nonequilibrium ionization model with an electron temperature of 2.8 keV and a 0.3–7 keV luminosity of 1.6 × 1037 ergs s-1. The age of the SNR is estimated to be 1700–5800 yr.
Optimizing the Parameters of Vagus Nerve Stimulation by Uniform Design in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve left ventricular function and survival in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and this maneuver has also been adopted clinically for the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that VNS can modulate the level of pro-inflammatory factors. Despite the beneficial effects of VNS, the stimulation parameters for obtaining favorable outcomes appear highly variable. To optimize VNS parameters, we set up different stimulation protocols with different pulse width (1–2 ms), frequency (1–6 Hz), voltage (1–6 V) and duration (40–240 min) of VNS by uniform design (UD). Rats were divided into seven groups with (Group1–Group6) or without VNS (MI group). Our results demonstrate that (1) the parameter sets in Group1, Group2 and Group3 yield the best post-MI protection by VNS, while the protective role were not observed in Group4, Group5 and Group6; (2) baroreflex sensitivity and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor level were also increased in Group1, Group2 and Group3. (3) the parameter set in Group1 (G1:1 ms, 2 Hz, 3 V, 240 min) is judged the most optimal parameter in this study as rats in this group not only showed a reduced myocardial injury with better-preserved cardiac function compared with other groups, more important, but also exhibited minimal heart rate (HR) reduction. (4) the duration of VNS plays an important role in determining the protection effect of VNS. In conclusion, VNS displays a beneficial role in Group1, Group2 and Group3. Of note, the parameter set in Group1 provides the most optimal cardioprotective effect. These results may provide insight into development of novel treatment for ischemic heart diseases.
The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Hope and Stress

Purpose: To evaluate mindfulness meditation as an antecedent of reductions in stress and increases in hope. Method: A quasi-experimental design (N = 46; meditation group, n = 23; comparison group, n = 23) using a community sample was used to evaluate the impact of mindfulness meditation on stress and hope. A path analysis was also used to model a directional relationship between meditation participation and increases in hope mediated by reductions in stress. Results: The data indicated that the meditation group exhibited significantly higher hope and lower stress than the comparison group. The path analysis indicated that reductions in stress fully mediated the relationship between mindfulness meditation and increases in hope. Discussion: The data support that meditation can increase hope via stress reduction. The results suggest a need for further research into mindfulness meditation and hope, especially since increasing hope is a fundamental aim of strengths-based practice.
A multidomain Legendre pseudospectral frequency-domain method with penalty scheme for solving maxwell's equations

A new multidomain pseudospectral frequency-domain (PSFD) method based on Legendre polynomials with a penalty scheme for studying electromagnetic wave scattering is presented. Scattered field calculation with accuracy on the order of 10−9 is obtained for a circular plasmonic cylinder. The method is further applied to demonstrate the scattering by a dielectric rectangular cylinder with sharp corners and by multiple circular plasmonic cylinders.
Electronic Information Sources Access and Use for Healthcare Services in Governmental and Non-Governmental Hospitals of Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

Background Access to and use of electronic information sources for clinical decision is the key to the attainment of health related sustainable goals. Therefore, this study was to assess Electronic Information Sources (EIS) access and use for healthcare service among hospitals of Western Oromia, Ethiopia, 2013. Materials and Methods A descriptive study design with quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was employed. Study subjects were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Quantitative data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Moreover, multiple logistic regression was fitted to identify independent predictors, and qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results A total of 590 health professionals were participated in the study with response rate of 95%. Forty-two percent of health professionals had used Electronic Information Sources (EIS). Out of them, more than half used to get latest health information. About three-fourth of health professionals had no formal training on how to use EIS. Moreover, there is a significant association between use of electronic information source and information literacy training, computer literacy level, access to internet connection and access to computers. Conclusion In this study, it was determined that more than half of health professionals in the study area were not using EIS. Information literacy training, self-stated computer literacy level, access to internet connection and access to computers with in hospitals were found to be statistically significant factors affecting use of EIS.
Urban Tapestries : Exploring Public Authoring in the City

Social Tapestries (ST) is an exploration into the potential costs and benefits of public authoring, that is, mapping and sharing of local knowledge within the urban environment. The aim of this investigation is to reveal the potential of pervasive computing to create and support relationships that transcend established social and cultural boundaries and enable the development of new practices based around place, identity and community. The ST programme was conceived and initiated by Proboscis, an artist-led studio, in 2002 and since then further developed and implemented in collaboration with a variety of technical, academic and civil society partner organisations [Lane et al 2005]. The core enabler of the playful experiments conducted within ST is the Urban Tapestries (UT) platform, a mobile computing system developed specifically to support public authoring and its many expressions.
Conceptual Coherence in Philosophy Education - Visualizing Initial Conceptions of Philosophy Students with Self-Organizing Maps

We present a framework for research on coherence of student conceptions in philosophy education. Commonsense conceptions of philosophical novices were studied. Students of a Finnish upper secondary school with no prior background in philosophy were asked to evaluate statements on conceptual issues in the domains of philosophy of mind, metaphysics and epistemology. The results were visualized with Kohonen self-organizingmaps (SOM), enabling us to identify clusters of students and questions with similar response patterns. The results are interpreted in terms of students’ ontological commitments.