Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of the effects of mindfulness in five primary schools in New Zealand

This study investigated the effects of an eight-week mindfulness in schools programme delivered in five primary schools in New Zealand. The participants included 126 students ranging in age from 6-11 years old and six classroom teachers. The programme was developed by one of our researchers (Rix) to align with The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) and with a bi-cultural focus in mind. A Māori model of hauora (holistic well-being), Te Whare Tapa Wha, was incorporated as a key element of the programme. Te Whare Tapa Wha describes a Māori perspective on health and well-being which suggests that the house (whare) and its parts are viewed as a metaphor for different aspects of one’s health such that if one part of a house (or one’s health) is not in order, then there will be an effect of the other parts of the house (an individual’s health). Thus, physical health, spiritual health, family health and mental health are all interconnected for a person’s well-being, which is also a critical aspect of mindfulness. Classroom teachers were asked to complete fortnightly journal entries as part of a qualitative analysis of the effectiveness of the programme. A follow-up survey was completed three months after the last mindfulness class to assess any potential long term effects. Findings suggest that the programme may be efficacious for increasing calm, reduced stress, and improved focus and attention. In addition, results indicated enhanced self-awareness, and the development of positive relationships. A number of these outcomes were observed in both students and classroom teachers. These findings suggest that mindfulness practice can make a strong contribution to the key competencies outlined in the New Zealand curriculum. The design of the programme, findings of the study, and future recommendations for implementing mindfulness practice in New Zealand schools are discussed.
Individual Differences in Graph Literacy: Overcoming Denominator Neglect in Risk Comprehension

Graph literacy is an often neglected skill that influences decision making performance. We conducted an experiment to investigate whether individual differences in graph literacy affect the extent to which people benefit from visual aids (icon arrays) designed to reduce a common judgment bias (i.e., denominator neglect—a focus on numerators in ratios while neglecting denominators). Results indicated that icon arrays more often increased risk comprehension accuracy and confidence among participants with high graph literacy as compared with those with low graph literacy. Results held regardless of how the health message was framed (chances of dying versus chances of surviving). Findings contribute to our understanding of the ways in which individual differences in cognitive abilities interact with the comprehension of different risk representation formats. Theoretical, methodological, and prescriptive implications of the results are discussed (e.g., the effective communication of quantitative medical data). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level of Heat Shock Proteins Decreases in Individuals Carrying B-Chromosomes in the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

We analyzed the effect of B-chromosome presence on expression level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in cerebral ganglion and gonad in both males and females of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. Two natural Spanish populations, Salobreña (Granada) and Torrox (Málaga) were assayed, the former harbouring a neutralized (non-driving) B-chromosome (B2) and the latter a parasitic (driving) B-chromosome (B24). The analysis was performed by Western blotting, immunostaining and densitometric measuring expression level of the Hsp70 family in adult individuals. The results showed that Hsp70 levels of testis were significantly higher in Salobreña than Torrox, and were significantly lower in testes of B-carrying males from both populations. A similar effect was observed in the ovary of females from Torrox. No effect was, however, observed in cerebral ganglia in any sex or population. B-chromosome effects in Torrox showed a dose-dependent pattern. The results point to an interesting interaction between B-chromosome and stress protein expression in reproductive tissue.
School Characteristics That Make a Difference for the Achievement of All Students: A 40-Year Odyssey.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to trace a 40‐year research journey to identify organizational properties that foster the achievement of all students, regardless of socio‐economic status (SES). Design/methodology/approach – The author describes a search for school properties that have an impact on the cognitive and social‐emotional development of faculty and students, with special emphasis on academic achievement.Findings – Three characteristics of schools were identified that make a positive difference for student achievement controlling for the SES: collective efficacy, collective trust in parents and students, and academic emphasis of the school. Further these three measures are elements of a latent construct, academic emphasis of school, which is a powerful predictor of student achievement regardless of SES.Originality/value – The paper identifies school variables that are often as important, or more important, than SES in explaining academic achievement, and a new model is created to explain ho.
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells

The proteome of growing cells of Bacillus subtilis was analyzed in order to provide the basis for its application in microbial physiology. DNA arrays were used to calculate the number of genes transcribed in growing cells. From the 4100 B. subtilis genes, 2515 were actively transcribed in cells grown under standard conditions. From these genes 1544 proteins should be covered by our standard gel system pI 4–7. Using this standard gel system and supplementary zoom gels (pI 5.5–6.7, 5–6, 4.5–5.5, and 4–5) 693 proteins which are expressed in growing cells were detected that cover more than 40% of the vegetative proteome predicted for this region. Particularly broad coverage and thus comprehensive monitoring will be possible for central carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, and citric acid cycle), amino acid synthesis pathways, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and main cellular functions like replication, transcription, translation, and cell wall synthesis. Comparing the theoretical pI and Mr values with those experimentally determined a reasonable correlation was found for the majority of protein spots. By a color code outliers with dramatic deviations in charge or mass were visualized that may indicate post‐translational modifications. In addition to the cytosolic neutral and alkaline proteins, 130 membrane proteins were found relying on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) separation in combination with electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) techniques. The vegetative proteome containing 876 proteins in total is now ready for physiological applications. Two main proteome fractions (pI 4–7 and zoom gel pI 4.5–5.5) should be sufficient for such high‐throughput physiological proteomics.
Documentary Research: In Education, History and the Social Sciences

1. Introduction: Reading Between the Lines 2. Paper Tigers: Social Research and Documentary Studies 3. The Joy of Life: Doing Documentary Research 4. Behind the Scenes: Records and Archives 5. On the Record: Printed Media and Literature 6. Life and Times: Diaries, Letters and Autobiographies 7. A New Leaf: Connections and Conclusions
On holism and conceptual structures

J am grateful to Taljedal for our refreshing discussion in this journal (1, 2, 3). I think we are coming much closer to a shared picture of the issue. We are coming to see where we have substantially different views and where there have just been misunderstandings. In this counterreply let me just direct the reader’s attention to some important conditions for philosophical conceptual work which may be overlooked in brief criticisms of results of such work. I agree, of course, with Taljedal when he claims that no theory and no definition is immune to criticism. Criticism is the nerve of the whole scientific enterprise. A fortiori I must welcome any criticism of my own attempts at theories and definitions. I do indeed welcome such criticism and I have learnt a lot from it. At the same time the’person to whom the criticism is addressed must be allowed to point out when he or she thinks that the criticism has little force because it is not based on all relevant premises. An important point in the present case is that my definition of health in terms of the subject’s abilities and vital goals should not be judged in isolation. The concept of health as I‘have characterised it is part of a conceptual network where several other important medical concepts, such as malady, disease, impairment and defect, have a place. My standpoint is that health is logically prior to these other concepts and that the latter should be defined in relation to the former. By taking this stand I am proposing a theory which is the direct opposite of an important alternative presented by the American Boorse, who starts his construction on the level of organs and with the, concept of disease. As a professional philosopher I am then primarily expecting a critical assessment of my construction as a whole. Is my conceptual network us a whole doing a better job than Boorse’s or someone else’s? (4) I think that the situation is similar in natural science. Scientific theories are evaluated on their total strength. Criticisms of details for instance, on intuitive ,grounds have little weight if the whole theory makes better sense than all presented rival theories. This does not preclude, of course, that one should take care of a detailed objection if it can be easily encompassed in the whole structure.
Efficient broadcasting protocols for video on demand

Broadcasting protocols can improve the efficiency of video on demand services by reducing the bandwidth required to transmit videos that are simultaneously watched by many viewers. We present two broadcasting protocols that achieve nearly the same low bandwidth as the best extant broadcasting protocol while guaranteeing a lower maximum access time. Our first protocol, cautious harmonic broadcasting, requires somewhat more bandwidth than our second protocol, quasi-harmonic broadcasting, but is also much simpler to implement.
Proximate and mineral composition of four edible mushroom species from South Western Nigeria

Results of proximate analysis of four edible species of mushroom collected from Akoko land in Ondo state, Nigeria indicate that Termitomyces mammiformis was a very good source of crude protein (37%), crude fiber (7%), ash (10%), calcium (216 g/kg dry weight) and manganese (136 mg/kg dry weight (dw)). Russula vesca was the richest in carbohydrate (71%) and magnesium (14 g/kg), while Lactarius triviralis was richest in moisture content (37%), iron (1230 mg/kg) and copper (8 mg/kg). It is also a good source of carbohydrate (64%), calcium (210 g/kg) and manganese (120 mg/kg). Lentinus tigrinus was, however, the richest in dry matter (94%), and is also rich in carbohydrate (62%), magnesium (11 g/kg) and copper (6 mg/kg). It was observed that lipids, sodium and phosphorus contents of the four species were generally very low.
Protective effect of melatonin on random pattern skin flap necrosis in pinealectomized rat

Abstract: Random pattern skin flaps are still widely used in plastic surgery. However, necrosis in the distal portion resulting from ischemia is a serious problem, increasing the cost of treatment and hospitalization. Free oxygen radicals and increased neutrophil accumulation play an important role in tissue injury and may lead to partial or complete flap necrosis. To enhance skin flap viability, a variety of pharmacological agents have been intensively investigated. The aim of this study is to test the effects of melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland and a highly effective antioxidant, on random pattern skin flap survival in rats. Herein, to investigate the physiological and pharmacological role of melatonin on dorsal skin flap survival. Pharmacological (0.4, 4 and 40 mg/kg) levels of melatonin were given intraperitoneally (i.p.). For this, pinealectomized (Px) and sham operated (non‐Px) rats were used. The effects of melatonin on levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the skin flap. The ratio of skin flap necrosis was compared among the experimental groups by using planimetry. MDA and NO levels were found to be higher in Px than non‐Px rats; while GSH levels and GSH‐Px, and SOD activities were reduced. Melatonin administration to Px rats reduced MDA and NO levels and increased GSH, GSH‐Px, SOD levels. Melatonin also reduced the ratio of flap necrosis determined by using planimetry and supported through the photography. In conclusion, these results show that both physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin improve skin flap viability.
De afbeelding van statusverschillen in sekse en etniciteit in Nederlandse non-fictie programma’s

Door middel van een inhoudsanalyse werd onderzocht hoe mannen en vrouwen van verschillende etnische achtergronden werden afgebeeld in Nederlandse non-fictietelevisieprogramma’s die werden uitgezonden in 2013 op de publieke en commerciele zenders. De resultaten lieten zien dat er een onderrepresentatie is van vrouwen en etnische minderheden in deze programma’s en dat beide groepen vaker in beeld werden gebracht in rollen en functies met een lagere status. Ook in de gespreksonderwerpen werden er sekseverschillenen en statusverschillen waargenomen. Deze verschillen in de weergave van sekse en etniciteit passen bij, nog steeds levendige, aloude sekse- en statusstereotypen.
Impact of mixed survey modes on physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption: A longitudinal study

It is recommended that researchers who use mixed modal methods for data collection compare their impact on outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption behaviors of a multiethnic sample of adults, comparing participants who continued a telephone survey and those who transitioned from a telephone to a web-based survey for a follow-up data collection point. This longitudinal study used a random sample of 700 Hawaii residents (63.3% Female; Mean age=47, SD=17.1). At baseline, participants completed a computer-assisted telephone interview assessing the stage, behavior, and decisional balance of both physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption. For the three-month follow-up survey, participants were given the option of completing the survey either on the web or by phone. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed for related physical activity scales and fruit/vegetable consumption variables to compare the change in response across time between a web group and phone group. For both physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption, all mode-by-time interactions were significant. The participants who preferred the telephone survey maintained their levels, whereas those who preferred the web survey reported a decrease in each variable. These results suggest that changing the mode of a survey may introduce a systematic bias in data and that researchers should proceed with caution when using mixed modes of data collection.
Kinematic MRI of the Joints : Functional Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Clinical Applications

Foreword, John V. Crues, III, M.D. and Jacquelin Perry, M.D. Preface, Frank G. Shellock, Ph.D., FACSM and Christopher M. Powers, Ph.D., P.T. LUMBAR SPINE The Lumbar Spine: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Kornelia Kulig, Ph.D. Kinematic MRI of the Lumbar Spine: Assessment in the Axial Loaded, Supine Position, Jan Willen, M.D., Ph.D., Nils Schonstrom, M.D., Ph.D., and Barbro Danielson, M.D., Ph.D. Kinematic MRI of the Lumbar Spine: Assessment in the Upright, Seated Position, Dominik Weishaupt, M.D., Simon Wildermuth, M.D., Marius Schmid, M.D. and Juerg Hodler, M.D. CERVICAL SPINE The Cervical Spine: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Kornelia Kulig, Ph.D. Kinematic MRI of the Cervical Spine, Jari O. Karhu, M.D. and Seppo K. Koskinen, M.D., Ph.D. ANKLE The Foot and Ankle: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Susan Mais Requejo, D.P.T. Kinematic MRI of the Ankle, Michael Terk, M.D. PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT The Patellofemoral Joint: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Christopher Powers, Ph.D.,P.T Kinematic MRI of the Patellofemoral Joint, Frank G. Shellock, Ph.D., FACSM SHOULDER The Shoulder: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Gretchen B. Salsich, Ph.D., P.T. and Samuel Ward, P.T. Kinematic MRI of the Shoulder: Stress Testing and MR-Guided Physical Examination, Christopher Beaulieu, M.D., Ph.D. and Gary Gold, M.D. Kinematic MRI of the Shoulder in the Upright Seated Position, Marie Dufour, M.D., Helene Moffet, Ph.D.pht,, Luc J. Hebert, M.Sc., pht, and Christian Moisan, Ph.D. TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT The Temporomandibular Joint: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Sally Ho, D.P.T. , M.S. Kinematic MRI of the Temporomandibular Joint, Frank G. Shellock, Ph.D., FACSM WRIST The Wrist: Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology, Elizabeth F. Souza, D.P.T. Kinematic MRI of the Wrist, John Reeder, M.D. SPECIAL PROCEDURES Kinematic MRI of the Knee: Preliminary Experience Using the Upright, Weightbearing Technique, W.M. W. Gedroye, MBBS, MRCP, FRCR, and A. Williams, MBBS, FRCS The Extremity MR System: Kinematic MRI of the Patellofemoral Joint, Frank G. Shellock, Ph.D., FACSM Glossary of Terminology
Do Good Partners Make Good Parents?: Relationship Quality and Parenting in Two-Parent Families

We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study with a cross-lagged longitudinal design to examine how couple relationship quality and parental engagement with children affect one another during the first three years of a child’s life for both married and unmarried parents who are living together. The sample includes 1,647 co-resident couples in urban areas (772 married and 875 unmarried at baseline). Mothers and fathers report about their couple relationship quality and parental engagement at both one and three years after their baby’s birth. Overall, we find that relationship quality leads to greater parental engagement for both mothers and fathers, consistent with previous research showing positive ‘spillover’ from marital quality to parenting. We find that married and cohabiting couples are generally similar in this respect, even though they differ in socio-demographic characteristics. We find that when couples are having their first birth, relationship quality is more strongly tied to engagement by fathers (but not mothers).
Extension of the Rank Sum Test for Clustered Data: Two‐Group Comparisons with Group Membership Defined at the Subunit Level

Summary The Wilcoxon rank sum test is widely used for two‐group comparisons for nonnormal data. An assumption of this test is independence of sampling units both between and within groups. In ophthalmology, data are often collected on two eyes of an individual, which are highly correlated. In ophthalmological clinical trials, randomization is usually performed at the subject level, but the unit of analysis is the eye. If the eye is used as the unit of analysis, then a modification to the usual Wilcoxon rank sum variance formula must be made to account for the within‐cluster dependence. For some clustered data designs, where the unit of analysis is the subunit, group membership may be defined at the subunit level. For example, in some randomized ophthalmologic clinical trials, different treatments may be applied to fellow eyes of some patients, while the same treatment may be applied to fellow eyes of other patients. In general, binary eye‐specific covariates may be present (scored as exposed or unexposed) and one wishes to compare nonnormally distributed outcomes between exposed and unexposed eyes using the Wilcoxon rank sum test while accounting for the clustering. In this article, we present a corrected variance formula for the Wilcoxon rank sum statistic in the setting of eye (subunit)‐specific covariates. We apply it to compare ocular itching scores in ocular allergy patients between eyes treated with active versus placebo eye drops, where some patients receive the same eye drop in both eyes, while other patients receive different eye drops in fellow eyes. We also present comparisons between the clustered Wilcoxon test and each of the signed rank tests and mixed model approaches and show dramatic differences in power in favor of the clustered Wilcoxon test for some designs.
Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory Report Review of Technologies for the Production and Use of Charcoal

Charcoal constitutes the primary urban fuel in most of Africa and is a major source of income and environmental degradation in rural areas. The production, transport and combustion of charcoal constitutes a critical energy and economic cycle in the economies of many developing nations. Far from decreasing, the use of charcoal has remained constant or grown in many Kammen & Lew Charcoal Production and Use Technologies 2 countries. Because of this, it is critical to assess and to develop long-range charcoal policies for African and other developing nations. In this paper, we review the current status of biomass harvesting and transport for charcoal production, efficiency of pyrolysis in various kilns as well as efficiency in end-user application, emissions of trace gases, and the relative economics of charcoal and its fuel substitutes. We compare the efficiencies of over thirty kilns with dry weight yield efficiencies ranging from 12 to over 40% along with production volumes up to 13 tonnes. We also discuss the transport and marketing economics for a range of urban African charcoal markets. The analysis of these factors highlights the importance of matching the charcoal production technology, batch size, and marketing to the available resource and the end-user population. This analysis is critical to the design of sensible biomass energy policies at the national and international aid and donor level.
Mycophenolate mofetil alleviates persistent proteinuria in IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is increasingly used to treat primary glomerulopathies. Its effectiveness in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains unclear. METHODS Forty IgAN patients with persistent proteinuria (>1 g/24 hours) despite conventional treatment with blockers of the renin-angiotensin system were randomized to receive MMF for 24 weeks (group 1) or continue conventional therapy (group 2), and followed for 72 weeks. The primary end point was reduction of proteinuria by 50% or more over entry level. RESULTS Sixteen patients (80%) in group 1 versus six patients (30%) in group 2 reached the primary end point (P= 0.0019). Time-averaged change in proteinuria showed a significant decline in group 1, while control subjects displayed a modest rise (P= 0.003). By 72 weeks, the mean proteinuria was 62.0 +/- 7.7% (P= 0.003) and 120.5 +/- 14.1% (P= 0.351) that of the corresponding baseline value in group 1 and group 2, respectively. There was concomitant increase in serum albumin and decrease in serum IgA levels in group 1 but not group 2 patients. Baseline histologic grades, blood pressure control, and the rates of change in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were not different between the two groups. Normalization in binding of polymeric IgA to cultured mesangial cells and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which sustained to study end, was observed in group 1 but not group 2 subjects. CONCLUSION In selected patients with IgAN, MMF is effective in lowering proteinuria and ameliorating some of the putative pathogenetic abnormalities.