Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploration and Exploitation in Innovation: Reframing the Interpretation

There has been a burgeoning literature about exploitation and exploration since March's seminal article in 1991. However, in reviewing the extant literature we find different interpretations of both concepts leading to ambiguity and even some inconsistency. This paper focuses in particular on the interpretation of exploration and exploitation in the literature on technological innovation. It addresses two critical research questions. First, what are the different interpretations of exploitation and exploration? Second, how can we set up a framework that reconciles these differences and reduces the ambiguity that we find in the literature? To answer these two questions, we first explain what the root causes of these different viewpoints are. Second, we provide a theoretical framework that integrates the different perspectives, sets up a new typology to define exploration and exploitation, identifies white spaces in the current research and provides guidance for future research.
Sociological Approaches in EU Studies

The aim of this article is to analyse sociological approaches focusing on the European integration process. The objective is to situate these approaches in relation to the epistemological backgrounds of other conceptual frameworks, and to point out their strengths and limitations. This is done in three steps. The first part of the article looks at the emergence and the definition of sociological approaches to European integration and the second will look more closely at the different research clusters, which identify with a sociological tradition. Finally, the article will look at the limits of sociological approaches and suggest some avenues for further research.
Role of CXCR2 and TRPV1 in functional, inflammatory and behavioural changes in the rat model of cyclophosphamide‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis

Cyclophosphamide induces urotoxicity characterized by the development of cystitis, which involves bladder overactivity and inflammation. Here, we investigated the roles of chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in a rat model of cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis.
Critical Reflective Practice as a Pivot in Transforming Science Education: A report of teacher‐researcher collaborative interactions in response to assessment reforms

This paper investigates the impact of a current educational policy initiative in Singapore called ‘Science Practical Assessment’ (SPA). SPA is designed to overcome the limitations of single, high‐stakes examinations by placing emphasis on research processes, entrepreneurship and the development of science practical skills. Structurally, SPA repositions teachers as central in the selection of items to teach and assess during the academic years leading up to O‐level. However, it is contended that the effectiveness of SPA is rendered problematic without specific attention being paid to teachers’ readiness and capacity to understand and implement assessment innovations. In response, the author describes and analyses how he formed a research partnership with a local physics teacher to investigate how SPA could be used as a tool to improve science pedagogy. Results suggest that while the pragmatic considerations of assessment reforms are not sufficient in themselves to bring about policymakers’ desired outcomes, ways can be found to help teachers prepare for, bring about and crucially own change by adopting a critically reflective stance on problems and issues that arise when students work on completing laboratory tasks. The methods used in this study also identify some of the factors that impact on teachers’ ability to influence positive developments at the department and school levels of an educational system. Overall, the intention is that the teacher development strategies and classroom practices illustrated in the paper will eventually inform a programme of interventionist action in science pedagogy and practical work assessment with applications both in and beyond the immediate study context.
Public perceptions of four mental health professions: A survey of knowledge and attitudes to psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers and counsellors

A survey of knowledge and attitudes towards lour mental health professionals (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers and counsellors) collected data from 502 respondents representative of Australian society. Results indicated that the four professions were perceived as providing fairly distinct services to the public and fell into two sub-groups: (1) psychologists and psychiatrists as private-practice and fee-demanding professionals who study human behaviour and thoughts, and (2) social workers and counsellors as public-utility non-fee-demanding professionals who are more practical and help the average person solve emotional problems. Data on value, status, familiarity and approachability are discussed.
Higher education and curriculum innovation for sustainable development in India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze and profile significant national developments in higher education for sustainable development in India and to compare different educational approaches emerging in connection with education for sustainable development.Design/methodology/approach – This is an evaluative review of contrasting initiatives to provide environmental and sustainability education in different institutions, that takes into account philosophy, policy and practice in Indian higher education. Academic programmes, policy statements and education projects are analyzed, to highlight important developments, challenges and the prospects for future progress.Findings – Several principles of sustainable development are embedded in India's education policy. It is perhaps the only country where the highest court has mandated environmental education at all levels of formal education, which includes a compulsory undergraduate course. However, the challenges of implementing this requirement effecti.
Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 levels in aortic intima of Chinese Guizhou minipigs with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

BACKGROUND Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs (age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg) were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group (n = 12) and control group (n = 10). STZ (125 mg/kg) was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparagine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet beta cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-alpha level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction (P < 0.001) and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet beta cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet beta cells almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Western blot demonstrated dramatically increased TNF-alpha level in aotic intima conditioned medium, and significant elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA levels was revealed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The present study has established Chinese Guizhou minipig models with STZ-induced diabetes. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) significantly elevated in aortic intima of diabetic minipigs.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) BERBANTUAN CD INTERAKTIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA SISWA SMA KELAS X

This research is aimed to find out whether students’ activity in learning processwith CPS model assisted with interactive CD positively influences their problemsolving ability. Secondly, it is aimed to find whether or not the problem solving abilityof students joining this program is better than those joining the conventional one.Thirdly, the study is aimed to know whether there is a difference in the problemsolving ability among upper, middle, and lower students. This research is a trueexperimental research. Research variable consists of students’ activity (independentvariable) and students’ problem solving ability (dependent variable). The measuringinstruments used were students’ activity observation sheets and problem solving tests.The data were analyzed by the use of regression analysis, independent sample t test,and comparison of means of one way anova. The results of the research show thatstudents’ activity in learning with CPS model assisted with interactive CD has positiveinfluence on their problem solving ability, problem solving ability of the studentsjoining the model is better than those joining the conventional one, and there is adifference of problem solving ability among upper, middle, and lower group studentsin the learning.Kata Kunci: Problem Solving, CPS, CD Interaktif, Pemecahan Masalah, Kreatif
Antipsychotics for primary alcohol dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE We sought to meta-analytically assess the utility of antipsychotics in patients with primary alcohol dependence. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO without language restrictions from database inception until December 2012, using the following keywords: (randomized, random, OR randomly) AND (placebo) AND (alcohol dependence) AND (neuroleptic OR antipsychotic OR antidopaminergic OR the names of 34 individual antipsychotics). STUDY SELECTION Included in this study were randomized, placebo-controlled trials of antipsychotics lasting ≥ 2 weeks in patients with primary alcohol dependence and without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent evaluators extracted data. Standardized mean difference (SMD), risk ratio (RR), and numbers needed to harm (NNH) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Across 13 double-blind studies, 1,593 patients were randomly assigned to one of the following: amisulpride (1 study, n = 37), aripiprazole (2 studies, n = 163), flupenthixol decanoate (1 study, n = 142), olanzapine (2 studies, n = 62), quetiapine (4 studies, n = 174), tiapride (3 studies, n = 212), or placebo (13 studies, n = 803). Neither pooled nor individual antipsychotics outperformed placebo regarding relapse prevention (pooled RR = 1.05 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.16], P = .38, 9 studies, n = 1,405). Antipsychotics were similar to placebo regarding heavy drinking days (P = .15), craving (P = .82), and first alcohol consumption time (P = .94). Placebo outperformed pooled antipsychotics regarding number or percentage of abstinent days/lack of drinking days (SMD = 0.17 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.33], P = .04, 5 studies, n = 918), without significant group differences after removal of 1 outlying flupenthixol decanoate study (P = .24). Individually, flupenthixol decanoate (1 study, n = 281) was inferior to placebo regarding abstinence/drinking days (P = .004), whereas aripiprazole (1 study, n = 30) was superior regarding heavy drinking days (P < .00001). Antipsychotics caused greater all-cause discontinuation than placebo (RR = 1.24 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45], P = .005, NNH = 14), especially aripiprazole (P = .01) and flupenthixol decanoate (P = .001). Discontinuation due to intolerability was similar between antipsychotics and placebo (P = .12), but aripiprazole's risk was higher (P = .003). Drowsiness/sedation (P < .0001, NNH = 9), increased appetite (P = .02, NNH = 14), and dry mouth (P < .0001, NNH = 7) occurred more frequently with pooled antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Except for 1 isolated outcome, the studied antipsychotics did not improve abstinence or reduce drinking or craving in patients with primary alcohol dependence.
Low Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Worse Survival in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review

Background While low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with inferior cancer outcome among adults, its impact in pediatric oncology is unclear. Our objective was therefore to conduct a systematic review to determine the impact of SES upon outcome in children with cancer. Methods We searched Ovid Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL from inception to December 2012. Studies for which survival-related outcomes were reported by socioeconomic subgroups were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed articles and extracted data. Given anticipated heterogeneity, no quantitative meta-analyses were planned a priori. Results Of 7,737 publications, 527 in ten languages met criteria for full review; 36 studies met final inclusion criteria. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), lower SES was uniformly associated with inferior survival, regardless of the measure chosen. The majority of associations were statistically significant. Of 52 associations between socioeconomic variables and outcome among high-income country (HIC) children, 38 (73.1%) found low SES to be associated with worse survival, 15 of which were statistically significant. Of the remaining 14 (no association or high SES associated with worse survival), only one was statistically significant. Both HIC studies examining the effect of insurance found uninsured status to be statistically associated with inferior survival. Conclusions Socioeconomic gradients in which low SES is associated with inferior childhood cancer survival are ubiquitous in LMIC and common in HIC. Future studies should elucidate mechanisms underlying these gradients, allowing the design of interventions mediating socioeconomic effects. Targeting the effect of low SES will allow for further improvements in childhood cancer survival.
Stability Radii of Systems with Stochastic Uncertainty and Their Optimization by Output Feedback

We consider linear plants controlled by dynamic output feedback which are subjected to blockdiagonal stochastic parameter perturbations. The stability radii of these systems are characterized, and it is shown that, for real data, the real and the complex stability radii coincide. A corresponding result does not hold in the deterministic case, even for perturbations of single-output feedback type. In a second part of the paper we study the problem of optimizing the stability radius by dynamic linear output feedback. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a compensator which achieves a suboptimal stability radius. These conditions consist of a parametrized Riccati equation, a parametrized Liapunov inequality, a coupling inequality, and a number of linear matrix inequalities (one for each disturbance term). The corresponding problem in the deterministic case, the optimal $\mu$-synthesis problem, is still unsolved.
Nephroprotective Effect of Bosentan in Diabetic Rats

Previous studies have suggested that endothelins could be involved in the pathogenesis of target organ damage in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Bosentan, an antagonist of endothelin receptor, on the kidney of diabetic rats. The study comprised a control group of 10 WKY rats and a group of 22 WKY rats in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin i.v. ; 10 rats were the control group. Diabetic rats received insulin and mean blood glucose was ≃mS 400 mg/dl throughout the study; they were divided into two groups: 11 rats received Bosentan 100 mg/kg/die by gastric gavage and 11 received vehicle for 1 month. Twenty-four hour urine collection was performed before and at the end of the study. Urinary protein excretion rate was expressed as &mgr;g urinary protein/mg urinary creatinine. The renal collagen I, fibronectin, and TGF&bgr; were evaluated by means of immunochemistry. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrates that Bosentan has prevented the increase in urinary protein excretion and that of renal immunoreactive collagen I, fibronectin, and TGF&bgr; induced by diabetes without reducing blood pressure. This study suggests a new clinical application for the antagonists of endothelin receptors.
The Influence of Higher Education Institutions on Labor Market Outcomes

In this study, different institutions of higher education and their effects on employment opportunities for professionals in Sweden are compared and analyzed. The availability of extensive, longitudinal register data made it possible to determine a match between degree and occupation for higher education graduates aged twenty-six to twenty-eight years (N = 8,675). Multiple multinomial regression analysis was used. In line with previous research, a degree from an old and well-established university was most likely to lead to a matching occupation. The results were significant also after having controlled for type of degree, family background, and educational achievement, among other factors.
Early understanding of emotion: Evidence from natural language

Abstract Young children's early understanding of emotion was investigated by examining their use of emotion terms such as happy, sad, mud, and cry. Five children's emotion language was examined longitudinally from the age of 2 to 5 years, and as a comparison their reference to pains via such terms as burn, sting, and hurt was also examined. In Phase 1 we confirmed and extended prior findings demonstrating that by 2 years of age terms for the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are commonly used by children as are terms for such related states as crying and hurting. At this early age children produce such terms to refer to self and to others, and to past and future as well as to present states. Over the years from 2 to 5 children's emotion vocabulary expands, their discussion of hypothetical emotions gets underway, and the complexity of their emotion utterances increases. In Phase 2 our analyses go beyond children's production of emotion terms to analyses of their conception of emotion. W.
Distributed Recurrent Neural Networks for Cooperative Control of Manipulators: A Game-Theoretic Perspective

This paper considers cooperative kinematic control of multiple manipulators using distributed recurrent neural networks and provides a tractable way to extend existing results on individual manipulator control using recurrent neural networks to the scenario with the coordination of multiple manipulators. The problem is formulated as a constrained game, where energy consumptions for each manipulator, saturations of control input, and the topological constraints imposed by the communication graph are considered. An implicit form of the Nash equilibrium for the game is obtained by converting the problem into its dual space. Then, a distributed dynamic controller based on recurrent neural networks is devised to drive the system toward the desired Nash equilibrium to seek the optimal solution of the cooperative control. Global stability and solution optimality of the proposed neural networks are proved in the theory. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Religion, Heritage and Travel: Case References from the Indian Himalayas

Pilgrimage in India is almost as old as Indian civilisation. From detailed study of proto-historic archaeological sites, it is clear that the Hindu practice of mass bathing in rivers/tanks/reservoirs on auspicious occasions dates back to, and derives from, similar practice in the Indus Valley/Harappan Civilisation, i.e. sometime between the third millennium and the first millennium before the Christian era (BC) (Kaur, 1985; Misra, 1992; Sharma, 1983, 1987). There is little evidence of travel at that time, but the seeds of Indian pilgrimage were sown about then. Hindu pilgrimage has retained many common features through time and space, including the practice of travelling to bathe and pray at sacred places, and it has some features that link it to folk traditions other than those that can be attributed to the Indus Valley/Harappan Civilisation or of the so-called 'Aryans', who are supposed to have landed in India later. Therefore, a study of tribal and Hindu pilgrimages would clarify how religion, heritage and travel are linked, and put pilgrimage and tourism in India in the correct perspective.
Delusions and Brain Injury: The Philosophy and Psychology of Belief

Abstract: Circumscribed delusional beliefs can follow brain injury. We suggest that these involve anomalous perceptual experiences created by a deficit to the person's perceptual system, and misinterpretation of these experiences due to biased reasoning. We use the Capgras delusion (the claim that one or more of one's close relatives has been replaced by an exact replica or impostor) to illustrate this argument. Our account maintains that people voicing this delusion suffer an impairment that leads to faces being perceived as drained of their normal affective significance, and an additional reasoning bias that leads them to put greater weight on forming beliefs that are observationally adequate rather than beliefs that are a conservative extension of their existing stock. We show how this position can integrate issues involved in the philosophy and psychology of belief, and examine the scope for mutually beneficial interaction.
The Integration Journey: An Attention-Based View of the Merger and Acquisition Integration Process

This paper reports findings from an eight-year ethnographic study of the integration process in a large healthcare system formed in a 1994 merger. We examine the post-merger integration process by analyzing the relative amounts of time that senior managers in one unit of this organization spent discussing various integration topics and issues in their bi-weekly meetings from 1995 to 2002. We also describe the different patterns observed when managers addressed topics in their meetings related to internal unit integration versus integration with other parts of the organization. Finally, we identify a vicious cycle of repeated conflicts in how organizational members made sense of issues that emerged during the post-merger integration journey.
Classroom Civility is Another of Our Instructor Responsibilities

Courteous behavior used to be the classroom norm. It is a fact of life today, however, that com mon courtesy is quite uncommon, both here in the United States (Schneider 1998) and abroad (Dalrymple 1996). This lack of courtesy frequently manifests itself in acts of incivility, not only in gen eral society but also in our university classrooms. Classroom incivility restricts the learning and teaching capability of our institutions. The number of incivil actions that take place in our university classrooms is on the rise (Sorcinelli 1994; Amanda 1993). However, we can greatly reduce the number and magnitude of the instances of incivility by examining our attitudes and teaching methods. Instruc tors and administrators can decrease sig nificantly the instances of incivility by applying a variety of proactive and reac tive measures. Most experienced faculty members are also capable and willing to help other instructors identify and devel op usable techniques.