Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pellet Basicity (CaO/SiO2) on Iron Ore Pellet Properties and Microstructure

In JSW steel limited Pellets form the major part of the iron bearing feed to Corex and Blast Furnace. These two iron making units demand high strength, lower reduction degradation index pellets to maintain good permeability of the bed to achieve high productivity and lower fuel rate. To produce good quality of pellets certain additives are important. JSWSL produces basic pellets with basicity (CaO/SiO2) 0.40 to 0.50. The quality of the pellet is affected by the type of the raw materials, gangue content, and flux proportion and their subsequent treatment to produce pellets. The limestone addition, i.e. basicity–CaO/SiO2 of pellet decides the mode, temperature and the amount of melt formed. The properties of the pellets are, therefore, largely governed by the form and degree of bonding achieved between ore particles and also by the stability of these bonding phases during the reduction of iron oxides. Hence in production of acid, basic and fluxed pellets, characterization of the bonding and crystalline phases is of prime importance in understanding the basis for the production of pellets of desired quality. To understand the influence of limestone addition (basicity) on iron ore pellets microstructural, physical and metallurgical properties basket trials have been carried out with different level of basicity from 0.08 to 1.15. From the test result it was clear that pellet properties were influenced by the bonding phases present in the pellet. The tumbler index increased from 93.15 to 95.38% and cold crushing strength increased from 176 to 264 kg/p with increase in pellet basicity from 0.08 to 1.15. This effects result from microstructural differences appeared from the flux addition. RDI of the pellet decreased initially from 16.3 to 10.9% in the pellet basicty range from 0.08 to 0.33 and again increased from 10.9 to 13.6 with increase in pellet basicty from 0.33 to 1.15. This effect is due to the change in structural properties of the pellet during reduction. Pellet with basicity 0.33 showed good physical as well metallurgical properties due to bonding phases present in the pellets.
Multiple Adjunction in Feature-Based Tree-Adjoining Grammar

In parsing with Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG), independent derivations have been shown by Schabes and Shieber (1994) to be essential for correctly supporting syntactic analysis, semantic interpretation, and statistical language modeling. However, the parsing algorithm they propose is not directly applicable to Feature-Based TAGs (FB-TAG). We provide a recognition algorithm for FB-TAG that supports both dependent and independent derivations. The resulting algorithm combines the benefits of independent derivations with those of Feature-Based grammars. In particular, we show that it accounts for a range of interactions between dependent vs. independent derivation on the one hand, and syntactic constraints, linear ordering, and scopal vs. nonscopal semantic dependencies on the other hand.
On-Site Energy Supply at Synapses through Monocarboxylate Transporters Maintains Excitatory Synaptic Transmission

ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria is the most efficient way to provide energy to various energy-consuming activities of the neurons. These processes require a large amount of ATP molecules to be maintained. Of these, synaptic transmission is most energy consuming. Here we report that lactate transported through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) at excitatory synapses constitutively supports synaptic transmission, even under conditions in which a sufficient supply of glucose and intracellular ATP are present. We analyzed the effects of MCT inhibition on neuronal activities using whole-cell recordings in brain slices of rats in the nucleus of the solitary tract. MCT inhibitors (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4-CIN), phloretin, and d-lactate) significantly decreased the amplitude of EPSCs without reducing release probability. Although 4-CIN significantly reduced currents mediated by heterologously expressed AMPA-Rs in oocytes (a novel finding in this study), the IC50 of the inhibitory effect on EPSC in brain slices was ∼3.8 times smaller than that on AMPA-R currents in oocytes. Removal of intracellular ATP significantly potentiated the inhibition of EPSC with 4-CIN in a manner that was counteracted by intracellular lactate addition. In addition, extracellular lactate rescued aglycemic suppression of EPSC, in a manner that was prevented by 4-CIN. Inhibition of MCTs also reduced NMDA-R-mediated EPSCs and, to a lesser extent, the IPSC. The reduction in EPSC amplitude by γ-d-glutamylglycine was enhanced by 4-CIN, suggesting also a decreased quantal content. We conclude that “on-site” astrocyte-neuron lactate transport to presynaptic and postsynaptic elements is necessary for the integrity of excitatory synaptic transmission.
Reliability Testing and Modeling of Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive Joints Under Temperature Cycling Test

The use of anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) in flip-chip interconnection technology has several advantages compared to solders with underfills. However, when ACAs are used with organic substrates, their reliability may cause problems. Temperature cycling testing can be used to study the effect of fluctuating temperatures on the reliability of ACA joints. However, this is fairly time consuming. If modeling can be utilized in the evaluation of reliability, significant time savings can be achieved. In this paper, the prospects of using shear stress modeling in predicting the reliability of two different anisotropic conductive adhesive films (ACFs) with an organic FR-4 substrate in temperature cycling testing are examined. Finite element models were made for the test structures. Stresses and strains during the cycling tests ae calculated. To estimate the validity of the models, experimental testing is also done. Test samples with two different ACFs are tested in a temperature cycling test where the temperatures vary from -40°C to 125 °C. Testing is carried out for 10000 cycles. In addition, failure analysis is conducted on the test samples. To model the test samples accurately, the material properties of the ACFs are tested using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and a thermomechanical analyzer. The results of the modeling are compared with those of the experimental tests by comparing typical failure locations, failure modes, and the failure order of the test samples with different ACFs. According to the modeling, the highest shear stress seems to indicate the failure location. In addition, it seems that shear stress models can be used to rank ACF flip-chip joints in the order of the anticipated failure times. On the other hand, normal stress and strain models seem to describe failure mechanisms different from that observed in the experimental tests, and they are observed to be impractical for our purposes. Delamination, which may be one manifestation of failure mechanisms related to shear stress, is observed in all samples with ACF1. However, as no delamination is found in the samples with ACF2, it cannot be positively stated whether the failure mechanism of ACF2 joints is related to shear stress or not. If the samples with different ACFs have different failure factors, simple stress or strain models seem to be impractical for reliability studies, as the results of different models cannot be easily compared.
Incorporating heifer feed efficiency in the Australian selection index using genomic selection.

The economic benefit of expanding the Australian Profit Ranking (APR) index to include residual feed intake (RFI) was evaluated using a multitrait selection index. This required the estimation of genetic parameters for RFI and genetic correlations using single nucleotide polymorphism data (genomic) correlations with other traits. Heritabilities of RFI, dry matter intake (DMI), and all the traits in the APR (milk, fat, and protein yields; somatic cell count; fertility; survival; milking speed; and temperament), and genomic correlations between these traits were estimated using a Bayesian framework, using data from 843 growing Holstein heifers with phenotypes for DMI and RFI, and bulls with records for the other traits. Heritability estimates of DMI and RFI were 0.44 and 0.33, respectively, and the genomic correlation between them was 0.03 and nonsignificant. The genomic correlations between the feed-efficiency traits and milk yield traits were also close to zero, ranging between -0.11 and 0.10. Positive genomic correlations were found for DMI with stature (0.16) and with overall type (0.14), suggesting that taller cows eat more as heifers. One issue was that the genomic correlation estimates for RFI with calving interval (ClvI) and with body condition score were both unfavorable (-0.13 and 0.71 respectively), suggesting an antagonism between feed efficiency and fertility. However, because of the relatively small numbers of animals in this study, a large 95% probability interval existed for the genomic correlation between RFI and ClvI (-0.66, 0.36). Given these parameters, and a genetic correlation between heifer and lactating cow RFI of 0.67, inclusion of RFI in the APR index would reduce RFI by 1.76 kg/cow per year. Including RFI in the APR would result in the national Australian Holstein herd consuming 1.73 × 10(6) kg less feed, which is worth 0.55 million Australian dollars (A$) per year and is 3% greater than is currently possible to achieve. Other traits contributing to profitability, such as milk production and fertility, will also improve through selection on this index; for example, ClvI would be reduced by 0.53 d/cow per year, which is 96% of the gain for this trait that is achieved without RFI in the APR.
Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases Progenitor Cells and Late Outgrowth Endothelial Cells: the Role of Angiogenic Synergistic Neovascularization by Mixed Transplantation of Early Endothelial Synergistic Neovascularization by Mixed Transplantation of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Late Ou

Background—Two types of cells are cultured from the human peripheral blood, early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs), as previously reported. Here, we further characterize these cells, especially with respect to their different origins and functions both in vitro and in vivo. We also investigated whether the combination of these different cell types shows synergism during neovascularization. Methods and Results—Early EPCs were heterogeneously made up of both CD14 ϩ monocyte-derived cells, which secrete cytokines, and CD14 Ϫ-derived cells, which contain high levels of CD34 ϩ KDR ϩ cells. OECs were cultured almost exclusively from CD14 Ϫ cells, not CD14 ϩ cells, and were distinct from mature endothelial cells in terms of proliferation potential, KDR ϩ expression level, and telomerase activity. A portion of cells from CD14 Ϫ cells and early EPCs produced rapidly proliferating, capillary-forming cells in both the Matrigel plug and the ischemic hind limb similar to OECs. Early EPCs and OECs expressed receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8, cytokines secreted by early EPCs. There was a differential increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MMP-9 in early EPCs and MMP-2 in OECs. In vitro, the angiogenic capability of the 2 cell types was augmented by mutual interaction through cytokines and MMPs. Injection of a mixture of the 2 cells resulted in superior neovascularization in vivo to any single-cell-type transplantation. Conclusions—Distinct origins of the different types of EPCs exist that have different functions in neovascularization. Mixed transplantation of these cells results in synergistic neovascularization through cytokines and MMPs.
Secondary excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: an evaluation of two treatment methods

A small proportion of women require repeat treatments for cervical intraepithelial neolpasia (CIN). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two cervical excisional techniques offered within a London teaching hospital (large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) and laser cone biopsy) when carried out as secondary procedures. A significantly larger volume of tissue was excised following laser cone biopsy, however the depth of the specimen did not differ significantly. A trend for a larger percentage of secondary specimens, resulting in complete endo-cervical margins and a larger proportion of women achieving cytology negative for CIN post-treatment was shown within the laser cone biopsy group.
Improved Estrogen Receptor Assessment by PET Using the Novel Radiotracer 18F-4FMFES in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Patients: An Ongoing Phase II Clinical Trial

After encouraging preclinical and human dosimetry results for the novel estrogen receptor (ER) PET radiotracer 4-fluoro-11β-methoxy-16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-4FMFES), a phase II clinical trial was initiated to compare the PET imaging diagnostic potential of 18F-4FMFES with that of 16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ER+ breast cancer (n = 31) were recruited for this study, including 6 who underwent mastectomy or axillary node dissection. For each patient, 18F-FES and 18F-4FMFES PET/CT scans were done sequentially (within a week) and in random order. One hour after injection of either radiotracer, a head-to-thigh static scan with a 2-min acquisition per bed position was obtained. Blood samples were taken at different times after injection to assess each tracer metabolism by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography. The SUVmean of nonspecific tissues and the SUVmax of the tumor were evaluated for each detected lesion, and tumor-to-nonspecific organ ratios were calculated. Results: Blood metabolite analysis 60 min after injection of the tracer showed a 2.5-fold increase in metabolic stability of 18F-4FMFES over 18F-FES. Although for most foci 18F-4FMFES PET had an SUVmax similar to that of 18F-FES PET, tumor contrast improved substantially in all cases. Lower uptake was consistently observed in nonspecific tissues for 18F-4FMFES, notably a 4-fold decrease in blood-pool activity as compared with 18F-FES. Consequently, image quality was considerably improved using 18F-4FMFES, with lower overall background activity. As a result, 18F-4FMFES successfully identified 9 more lesions than 18F-FES. Conclusion: This phase II study with ER+ breast cancer patients showed that 18F-4FMFES PET achieves a lower nonspecific signal and better tumor contrast than 18F-FES PET, resulting in improved diagnostic confidence and lower false-negative diagnoses.
Are Protein Domains Modules of Lateral Genetic Transfer?

Background In prokaryotes and some eukaryotes, genetic material can be transferred laterally among unrelated lineages and recombined into new host genomes, providing metabolic and physiological novelty. Although the process is usually framed in terms of gene sharing (e.g. lateral gene transfer, LGT), there is little reason to imagine that the units of transfer and recombination correspond to entire, intact genes. Proteins often consist of one or more spatially compact structural regions (domains) which may fold autonomously and which, singly or in combination, confer the protein's specific functions. As LGT is frequent in strongly selective environments and natural selection is based on function, we hypothesized that domains might also serve as modules of genetic transfer, i.e. that regions of DNA that are transferred and recombined between lineages might encode intact structural domains of proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings We selected 1,462 orthologous gene sets representing 144 prokaryotic genomes, and applied a rigorous two-stage approach to identify recombination breakpoints within these sequences. Recombination breakpoints are very significantly over-represented in gene sets within which protein domain-encoding regions have been annotated. Within these gene sets, breakpoints significantly avoid the domain-encoding regions (domons), except where these regions constitute most of the sequence length. Recombination breakpoints that fall within longer domons are distributed uniformly at random, but those that fall within shorter domons may show a slight tendency to avoid the domon midpoint. As we find no evidence for differential selection against nucleotide substitutions following the recombination event, any bias against disruption of domains must be a consequence of the recombination event per se. Conclusions/Significance This is the first systematic study relating the units of LGT to structural features at the protein level. Many genes have been interrupted by recombination following inter-lineage genetic transfer, during which the regions within these genes that encode protein domains have not been preferentially preserved intact. Protein domains are units of function, but domons are not modules of transfer and recombination. Our results demonstrate that LGT can remodel even the most functionally conservative modules within genomes.
Panax notoginseng saponins mitigate ovariectomy-induced bone loss and inhibit marrow adiposity in rats

Objective:Previous data have suggested that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can prevent estrogen deficiency–induced bone loss by dual action: stimulation of new bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption. Marrow adipogenesis has been identified as a negative indicator of skeletal strength and integrity. This study assessed the effects of early PNS supplementation on bone microarchitecture preservation and marrow fat content in an ovariectomized rat model. Methods:Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups for 12 weeks of treatment: (1) sham operation (SHAM) + vehicle; (2) ovariectomy (OVX) + vehicle; (3) OVX + 17&bgr;-estradiol (25 &mgr;g/kg); (4) OVX + PNS (300 mg/kg/d, PO). Marrow fat content of the femur was determined, using fat/water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks after operation. At the end of the experiment, bone turnover, trabecular microarchitecture, and marrow adipocytes were assessed by serum biomarkers, micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), and histopathology, respectively. The effects of PNS on adipocytic differentiation were reflected by expression levels of the adipogenic genes PPAR&ggr;2 and C/EBP&agr;, as determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results:Ovariectomized rats experienced remarkable increases in marrow fat content across time points, which were accompanied by elevated rate of bone turnover, global volumetric bone density, and trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. These OVX-induced pathological changes are reversible in that most of them could be mostly corrected upon 17&bgr;-estradiol treatment. PNS treatment significantly reduced marrow adipogenesis (adipocyte density, −27.2%; size, −22.7%; adipocyte volume–to–tissue volume ratio, −53.3%; all P < 0.01) and adipocyte marker gene expression, and prevented bone mass loss and microarchitecture deterioration. Moreover, PNS enhanced osteoblast activity but suppressed osteoclast turnover, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions:PNS mitigates estrogen deficiency–induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture and suppresses marrow adipogenesis.
Visual Support for Understanding Product Lines

The C preprocessor is often used in practice to implement variability in software product lines. Using #ifdef statements provokes problems such as obfuscated source code, yet they will still be used in practice at least in the medium-term future. With CIDE, we demonstrate a tool to improve understanding and maintaining code that contains #ifdef statements by visualizing them with colors and providing different views on the code.
Pre-decoded CAMs for efficient and high-speed NIDS pattern matching

In this paper we advocate the use of pre-decoding for CAM-based pattern matching. We implement an FPGA based sub-system for NIDS (Snort) pattern matching using a combination of techniques. First, we reduce the area cost of character matching using (i) character pre-decoding before they are compared in the CAM line, and (ii) efficient shift register implementation using the SRL16 Xilinx cell. Then we achieve high operating frequencies by (iii) using ne grain pipelining for faster circuits and (iv) decoupling the data distribution network from the processing components. Our results show that for matching more than 18,000 characters (the entire SNORT rule set) our implementation requires an area cost of less than 1.1 logic cells per matched character, achieving an operating frequency of about 375 MHz (3 Gbps) on a Virtex2 device. When using quad parallelism to increase the matching throughput, the area cost of a single matched character is reduced to less than one logic cell for a throughput of almost 10 Gbps.
Evidence for Enhanced Sodium Transport in the Tail Artery of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

SUMMARY Transraembrane Na+ and K' gradients in the rat tail artery were dissipated by overnight incubation in K-free PSS at 10°C and then allowed to recover in normal physiologic salt solution (PSS) at 37°C. The active extrusion of Na+ and uptake of K+ during the recovery period was monitored with Na+ and K+ selective glass electrodes. Passive exchanges were differentiated by re-admitting K+ at 3°C, or in the presence of 1 mM ouabain at both 3°C and 37°C. Active exchange was switched on by an abrupt transfer of the tissue from 3°C to 37°C. Active exchange, measured in perfused, supervised, or sequentially incubated arteries, was distinctly enhanced in young (16-, 20- and 26-week-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) qf the Okamoto strain compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensire (WKY) controls. No such difference was observed in rats with hypertension of 7 or 12 weeks' duration and equal severity induced by unilateral constriction of the renal artery. Steady-state Na, and K, were measured after washing the tissues for 45 minutes at 3°C in lithium-substituted medium to exchange extracellular sodium with lithium. Cell sodium in these tissues was further partitioned into a free component proportional to [Nab and an independent, constrained component. Cell potassium was found to be distinctly elevated in 2- and 4-month-old SHR, while free cell sodium remained normal, despite increased cell permeability demonstrable in a significant exchange of lithium for cell potassium and sodium even at 3°C.
Deterministic and probabilistic assessment of the impact of the electrical vehicles on the power grid

This paper analyzes the impact of charging of EVs (Electrical Vehicles) on a MV power grid. In order to simulate the behavior of the EV charging a battery model has been used to model the EV's charging curve. As the way how EV is charged from the grid affects critically to the voltage levels and to the saturation of the lines, two modalities of charging are presented: not-controlled charging and controlled charging. Finally, the simulations have been performed from two points of view: deterministic analysis and probabilistic analysis.