Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women White Previous myocardial infarction Previous percutaneous coronary intervention Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery Heart failure Stroke Peripheral vascular disease Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Chronic kidney disease

Low levels of statin adherence have been documented in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but whether coronary revascularization is associated with improved adherence rates has yet to be evaluated. We identified all Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in 2 statewide pharmacy assistance programs who were >65 years old, who had been hospitalized for CAD from 1995 through 2004, and who had been prescribed statin therapy within 90 days of discharge (n 13,130). Statin adherence was measured based on the proportion of days covered with statin therapy after hospital discharge, and full adherence was defined as proportion of days covered >80%. Statin adherence was compared in patients with CAD treated with medical therapy (n 3,714), percutaneous coronary intervention (n 6,309), or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n 3,107). Statin adherence significantly increased over the period of the study from 70.5% to 75.4% (p <0.0001). After hospitalization for CAD, patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery had full adherence rates of 70.6% and 70.2%, respectively. Full adherence rates were significantly lower for patients treated with coronary revascularization compared to patients treated with medical therapy (79.4%, p <0.0001). Independent predictors of higher statin adherence included treatment with medical therapy, later year of hospital admission, white race, previous statin use, and use of other cardiac medications after CAD hospitalization (p <0.01 for all comparisons). In conclusion, in patients receiving invasive coronary treatment, statin adherence remains suboptimal, despite strong evidence supporting their use. Given the health and economic consequences of nonadherence, these findings highlight the need for developing cost-effective strategies to improve medication adherence after coronary revascularization. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Am J Cardiol 2011;107: 1409–1414)
The Influence of Affective States on Cognitive Broadening⁄Narrowing: Considering the Importance of Motivational Intensity

Decades of research suggested that positive affective states broaden cognitive processes, whereas negative affective states narrow cognitive processes. More recent research suggests, however, that these conclusions may be premature. These past experiments often compared positive affects low in motivational intensity with negative affects high in motivational intensity. These past experiments, therefore, may have confounded affective valence with motivational intensity. Recent evidence suggests that motivational intensity rather than affective valence influences cognitive broadening ⁄narrowing. That is, affective states of low motivational intensity (e.g., sadness, postgoal positive affect) broaden cognition, whereas affective states of high motivational intensity (e.g., disgust, pregoal positive affect) narrow cognition. We posit that narrowing occurs during affective states of high motivational intensity to aid organisms in acquiring desirable objects or avoiding aversive ones. In contrast, broadening occurs during affective states of low motivational intensity to open organisms to new opportunities.
Relations Between Social Self-Perceptions, Time Use, and Prosocial or Problem Behaviors During Adolescence

This study investigated the relations between social self-perceptions, time use, and later involvement in prosocial or problem behaviors during early, middle, and later adolescence. The authors used an idiographic approach to identify four different patterns of social self-perceptions (confident, anxious, unconcerned, desperate) and then examined the relations between group membership and time use. As predicted, social selfperceptions were significantly related to the ways in which adolescents spend their time and to later involvement in later prosocial and problem behaviors. Notably, adolescents who were most self-confident about their social skills (Confident group) and those who were most willing to go to great lengths to make and keep friends (Desperate group) spent significantly more time with peers than those in the other two groups. In addition, patterns of social self-perceptions were significantly related to adolescents’ own involvement and their perceptions of friends’involvement in prosocial and problembehaviors.
Analysis of 3-D Rotation Fitting

Computational techniques for fitting a 3-D rotation to 3-D data are recapitulated in a refined form as minimization over proper rotations, extending three existing methods-the method of singular value decomposition, the method of polar decomposition, and the method of quaternion representation. Then, we describe the problem of 3-D motion estimation in this new light. Finally, we define the covariance matrix of a rotation and analyze the statistical behavior of errors in 3-D rotation fitting. >
Performance test of amorphous silicon modules in different climates - year four: Progress in understanding exposure history stabilization effects

In a round robin outdoor exposure experiment carried out in three different climates, we have previously demonstrated that amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules reach higher stabilized performance levels in warmer climates. The four-year experiment involved three identical sets of thin-film a-Si modules from various manufacturers deployed outdoors simultaneously in three sites with distinct climates. Each PV module set spent a one-year period at each site before a final period at the original site where it was first deployed. The experiment aimed to determine the light-induced degradation and stabilization characteristics of a-Si regarding specific history of exposure, and to compare degradation rates in different climates. We propose that after the initial sharp degradation associated with the Stabler-Wronski effect (SWE) has passed, the subsequent stabilized performance levels attained will depend largely on light exposure and a characteristic temperature associated within a coherent time-scale. PV modules which were first deployed at the lowest-temperature site for one year, reaching a stabilized state, and were then further deployed at higher temperature sites for two more years, experienced considerable recovery in output parameters (Pmax and FF). However, when further deployed back at the original, lowest-temperature site, performance degraded back to the first year, original level.
Functional Corticospinal Projections from Human Supplementary Motor Area Revealed by Corticomuscular Coherence during Precise Grip Force Control

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether corticospinal projections from human supplementary motor area (SMA) are functional during precise force control with the precision grip (thumb-index opposition). Since beta band corticomuscular coherence (CMC) is well-accepted to reflect efferent corticospinal transmission, we analyzed the beta band CMC obtained with simultaneous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) signals. Subjects performed a bimanual precise visuomotor force tracking task by applying isometric low grip forces with their right hand precision grip on a custom device with strain gauges. Concurrently, they held the device with their left hand precision grip, producing similar grip forces but without any precision constraints, to relieve the right hand. Some subjects also participated in a unimanual control condition in which they performed the task with only the right hand precision grip while the device was held by a mechanical grip. We analyzed whole scalp topographies of beta band CMC between 64 EEG channels and 4 EMG intrinsic hand muscles, 2 for each hand. To compare the different topographies, we performed non-parametric statistical tests based on spatio-spectral clustering. For the right hand, we obtained significant beta band CMC over the contralateral M1 region as well as over the SMA region during static force contraction periods. For the left hand, however, beta band CMC was only found over the contralateral M1. By comparing unimanual and bimanual conditions for right hand muscles, no significant difference was found on beta band CMC over M1 and SMA. We conclude that the beta band CMC found over SMA for right hand muscles results from the precision constraints and not from the bimanual aspect of the task. The result of the present study strongly suggests that the corticospinal projections from human SMA become functional when high precision force control is required.
Mapping of a new form of pure autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia (SPG28)

Pure hereditary spastic paraplegias are characterized by isolated and progressive spasticity in the lower limbs. We mapped the spastic paraplegia 28 (SPG28) locus to chromosome 14q21.3‐q22.3 in a Moroccan family with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. Affected patients experienced development of progressive spastic gait during childhood and required help walking in their early 40s. Nine additional hereditary spastic paraplegia families were not linked to this locus, demonstrating further genetic heterogeneity. No mutations were found in exons of GCH1 and SPG3A, two genes from the candidate region involved in movement disorders. Ann Neurol 2005;57:567–571
Effects of depression and inflammatory factors on chronic conditions of the wrist.

AIMS Chronic conditions of the wrist may be difficult to manage because pain and psychiatric conditions are correlated with abnormal function of the hand. Additionally, intra-articular inflammatory cytokines may cause pain. We aimed to validate the measurement of inflammatory cytokines in these conditions and identify features associated with symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 38 patients (18 men, 20 women, mean age 43 years) with a chronic condition of the wrist who underwent arthroscopy. Before surgery, the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hand20 questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were used. Cytokine and chemokine levels in the synovial fluid of the wrist were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and correlations between the levels with pain were analysed. Gene expression profiles of the synovial membranes were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Older patients had high pre-operative Hand20 scores. One-year post-operative Hand20 and VAS scores and pre-operative VAS scores correlated with SDS scores. Post-operative VAS scores negatively correlated with the expression of nerve growth factor and SDS scores positively correlated with the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and negatively correlated with the expression of tumour necrosis factor-converting enzyme. CONCLUSION There was a positive correlation between depression and chronic conditions of the wrist. Levels of some cytokines correlate with pain and depression. Additionally, cytokines may be important in the assessment and treatment of chronic conditions of the wrist and depression. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:961-8.
PART-WHOLE QUESTION ORDER EFFECTS VIEWS OF RURALITY

A split-ballot design was used to assess part-whole question order effects in a mail survey. A general question asked for the respondent's perceptions of the overall life quality in rural areas relative to other areas; a series of 19 similar questions asked for the relative quality of specific aspects of rural life. When the general question was asked after the specific items, subjects were more likely to answer the general question, less likely to respond that rural areas were "the same" as other areas, and more posi- tive in their opinions about rural places. The addition of a pream- ble-instructing subjects to read both the general and the list of specific items before answering either-failed to alter these findings. The order effects on responses to the general question did not appear to represent either a simple assimilation (carry- over) effect or a contrast (backfire) effect, both of which have been found by other researchers. Possible reasons for the con- flicting findings are discussed. When related specific and general questions appear together, re- sponses to the general question may differ, depending upon the order in which the questions are asked. In some cases, the general question responses are contrasted with the specific answers. Thus, Schuman and Presser (1981) found that respondents reported lower overall hap- piness when the general item followed a specific question on marital happiness than when the questions were reversed. Since most subjects reported high levels of marital happiness, they apparently responded to the subsequent general question by subtracting their marital feelings as if the general item had asked, "Apart from your marriage, how happy are you with your life situation? " Congruent with a contrast
The Reliability of Teachers’ Judgement of the Abilities Being Tested by Multiple Choice Items

Summary Twenty‐two teachers were asked to give their opinion as to the ability being tested by each item in two multiple‐choice examination papers. Agreement appeared to be rather low, particularly from one of the papers, but a rigid statistical analysis was impossible because of the difficulty of deciding upon acceptable criteria. The opinions of the teachers were correlated with the facility values for the items and the coefficients obtained appear to support the Bloom taxonomy.
Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research.

The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the present research was twofold. First, the applicability of the WEIMS in different work environments was evaluated. Second, its factorial structure and psychometric properties were assessed. Two samples of workers (military: N 465; civilians: N 192) voluntarily completed questionnaires. Using the WEIMS’s 3 indexes (work self-determination index, work self-determined and nonself-determined motivation, respectively), results of regression analyses were supportive of its ability to predict positive and negative criteria in the workplace. Results also showed the adequacy of both its construct validity and internal consistency. Its factorial structure was also invariant across samples. Finally, its quasi-simplex pattern and relationships with psychological correlates further supported the self-determination continuum. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the applicability as well as the reliability and validity of the WEIMS in organisational settings. Results are discussed in regard to the applicability of self-determination theory to the workplace.
Dissociations between Covariation Bias and Expectancy Bias for Fear-relevant Stimuli

The illusory correlation paradigm of Tomarken, Mineka, and Cook (1989) was used to examine bias in threat appraisal for biological (snake, spider) and technological (gun, knife) fear-relevant stimuli. Subjects showed bias in terms of higher on-line shock expectancy ratings and skin conductance responses, and higher post-experimental judgements of shock covariation, for fear-relevant stimuli. However, there were multiple dissociations between the measures: (1) expectancy bias was observed for both biological and technological stimuli, whereas covariation bias was restricted to biological stimuli; (2) prior fear of the target stimulus had no effect on expectancy bias, but covariation bias was restricted to high fear subjects; and (3) covariation bias was observed at the end of the experiment, by which time expectancy bias had disappeared. These results suggest that covariation bias is not simply a continuation of a pre-experimental expectancy bias.
The Organic Organization and Innovation

This study explores several variables that characterize organic organization to test whether they are associated with varying rates of innovation. The number of occupational specialities, the intensity of scheduled and unscheduled communication and, to a lesser extent, the decentralization of decision-making, are related to innovation. A review of the literature suggests other factors that are also associated with innovation: slack resources, joint programs, size, and history of innovation. With the exception of size, most of these factors are also found to be highly correlated with innovation. Our conclusion is that perhaps the technological gap is an organizational one and that, therefore, the solution to `the American challenge' is an organic form of organization.
The UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK)

Abstract The UK Adult Twin Registry was started in 1993 and consists of approximately 10,000 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) adult Caucasian twins aged 16 to 85 years from all over the United Kingdom, plus some parents and siblings. It now incorporates previous twin registries from the Institute of Psychiatry and Aberdeen University. This is a volunteer sample recruited by successive media campaigns without selecting for particular diseases or traits. All twins receive a series of detailed disease and environmental questionnaires. The majority of twins have been assessed in detail clinically at several time points for several hundred phenotypes related to common diseases or intermediate traits. The focus to date has been primarily in 5 areas — cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, ophthalmologic diseases as well as the aging process. Over 3000 DZ twins have had a 10cM genome-wide scan performed and 5000 twins tagged for over 200 candidate genes allowing both linkage and association studies. The resource has led to many successful and innovative research projects particularly in common age-related diseases, and has led to collaborations with over 80 groups worldwide.
The effects of organizational centrality on employee career success and satisfaction

The relationships between the outcomes of career success and career satisfaction and organizational centrality – how close employees are to where power, information, and decision making are concentrated in their organization – was examined among 79 employees from a small manufacturing company. Each employee completed a measure of organizational centrality and indicated how much their salary had grown and how many promotions they had received since joining the company. They also indicated how satisfied they were with their career so far and in the likely future. With one exception, all the correlations between organizational centrality and career outcomes were significantly positive, confirming what was hypothesized.
Aetiological factors and perception of anaemia in Tunisian women of reproductive age

Abstract Objectives To identify aetiological factors in anaemia and to explore knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards anaemia. Design Two cross-sectional surveys and sixteen focus group discussions. Setting The two regions with the highest prevalence of anaemia in Tunisia, Greater Tunis (GT) and the South West (SW). Subjects Two representative samples of 687 (GT) and 729 (SW) women of reproductive age; 108 women were included in focus group discussions. Results Among anaemic women, 63·4 % in the GT region and 80·2 % in the SW displayed iron deficiency (ID). Genetic haemoglobinopathies accounted for 10·0 % and 3·6 % of the cases of anaemia in the two regions, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, the major factors for iron-deficiency anaemia were low dietary Fe intake (OR = 5·0, 95 % CI 3·0, 8·4), drinking tea after eating (OR = 3·4, 95 % CI 2·0, 5·7) and pica (OR = 2·1, 95 % CI 1·1, 3·9). Most of the women related anaemia to the following causes: malnutrition, lack of hygiene, and their heavy workload and responsibilities in the household. Many women connected anaemia with hypotension. Few established a relationship between ID and anaemia. They had confidence in their doctor for treatment, but many complained they were not given sufficient information. Low dietary Fe intake, inappropriate food practices and inadequate perceptions contribute to the aetiology of anaemia in women. Conclusions These results point out to the need for a strategy combining food fortification, Fe supplementation for pregnant women, nutritional education for the general public and at-risk specific target groups, and training of health professionals.
A PROPOSED HYBRID GEOTHERMAL - NATURAL GAS - BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEM FOR CORNELL UNIVERSITY. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF RETROFITTING A LOW - TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM AND HEAT CASCADING SOLUTIONS.

Cornell‟s 2009 Climate Action Plan provides a roadmap for the Cornell University to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. A geothermal-biomass hybrid renewable energy system has been proposed as a component of Cornell‟s transformational energy plan to economically reduce its fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper provides an in-depth technical and economic analysis of supplementing the existing natural gas-fired combined cycle heat and power (CHP) plant with an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and a torrefied biomass boiler. Cornell University‟s buildings and facilities provide a representative model distributed energy system for mid-sized communities of about 30,000 people. Cornell‟s location in a relatively high grade EGS region for the Northeastern U.S. provides a further opportunity to evaluate the potential of using low enthalpy geothermal resources for district heating and other direct-use applications.
CD19 regulates ADAM28‐mediated Notch2 cleavage to control the differentiation of marginal zone precursors to MZ B cells

As the first line of defence, marginal zone (MZ) B cells play principal roles in clearing blood‐borne pathogens during infection and are over‐primed in autoimmune diseases. However, the basic mechanisms underlying MZ B‐cell development are still unclear. We found here that CD19 deficiency blocked the differentiation of marginal zone precursors (MZP) to MZ B cells, whereas CD19 expression in CD19‐deficient MZP rescues MZ B‐cell generation. Furthermore, CD19 regulates Notch2 cleavage by up‐regulating ADAM28 expression in MZP. Finally, we found that CD19 suppressed Foxo1 expression to promote ADAM28 expression in MZP. These results suggest that CD19 controls the differentiation of MZP to MZ B cells by regulating ADAM28‐mediated Notch2 cleavage. Thus, we demonstrated the basic mechanisms underlying the differentiation of MZP to MZ B cells.
The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioning

Considerable evidence suggests that, in instrumental conditioning, rats learn the relationship between actions and their specific consequences or outcomes. The present study examined the role of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in this type of learning after excitotoxic lesions and reversible, muscimol‐induced inactivation. In three experiments, rats were first trained to press two levers for distinct outcomes, and then tested after training using a variety of behavioural assays that have been established to detect action‐outcome learning. In Experiment 1, pre‐training lesions of the posterior DMS abolished the sensitivity of rats' instrumental performance to both outcome devaluation and contingency degradation when tested in extinction, whereas lesions of the anterior DMS had no effect. In Experiment 2, both pre‐training and post‐training lesions of the posterior DMS were equally effective in reducing the sensitivity of performance both to devaluation and degradation treatments. In Experiment 3, the infusion of muscimol into the posterior DMS selectively abolished sensitivity of performance to devaluation and contingency degradation without impairing the ability of rats to discriminate either the instrumental actions performed or the identity of the earned outcomes. Taken together, these results suggest that the posterior region of the DMS is a crucial neural substrate for the acquisition and expression of action–outcome associations in instrumental conditioning.