Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating Land Development Time Lags in China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Image

The Chinese real estate industry has experienced rapid growth since China’s economic reform. Along with a booming industry, a third of purchased lands were left undeveloped in the last decade. Knowledge of real estate development time lags between land being purchased and property being occupied can enable policymakers to produce more effective policies and regulations to guide the real estate industry and sustain economic development and social welfare. This paper presents an innovative method to estimate provincial land development time lags in China using DMSP/OLS NTL imagery and real estate statistical data. The results showed that real estate development time lag was common in China during 2000–2010. More than half of the study sites showed development time lags of three years or longer. An Increment of Developed Pixels (IDP) index was established to outline yearly land development completions in China between 2000 and 2010. A Comprehensive Real Estate Price Index (CREPI) was created to explore the causes of the time lags. A strong and positive correlation was found between the real estate development time lags and CREPI values (with r = 0.619, n = 31, p < 0.0005). The results indicated that the land development time lag during the study period was positively correlated to the activity of the local real estate market, the price trend of land and housing properties, and the local economic situation. The results also proved that with the support of statistical data the DMSP/OLS NTL image could offer an economically efficient and reliable solution to estimate the time lag of real estate development.
Fatty acids reduce heparin-releasable LPL activity in cultured cardiomyocytes from rat heart.

Varying glucose and fatty acid (FA) concentrations in the medium of cultured cardiomyocytes from adult rat hearts were tested for effects on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Glucose (5.5, 11, and 25 mM in the culture medium for 18-22 h) had no effect on either heparin-releasable LPL (HR-LPL) or on cellular LPL (C-LPL) activities. When cardiomyocytes were cultured overnight with 60 μM oleate, HR-LPL activity was reduced to 20% of control, with no change in C-LPL activity or total C-LPL mass. Similar results (HR-LPL and C-LPL activities) were obtained with 60 μM concentrations of palmitate and myristate; linoleate and eicosapentaenoate did reduce C-LPL activity, but the decrease in HR-LPL activity was much greater. Oxfenicine, an FA oxidation inhibitor, did not alter the inhibitory effect of 60 μM oleate on HR-LPL. Short-term incubations (1 and 3 h) of cultured cardiomyocytes with 60 μM oleate did not displace LPL into the medium. Immunodetectable LPL on the cell surface of oleate-treated cultured cardiomyocytes was increased compared with control cells, but heparin treatment released the same amount of LPL mass that had reduced catalytic activity.
THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS (COPPER, ZINC, NICKEL AND COBALT) BY NATURAL BENTONITE

The removal of Copper (Cu 2+ ), Zinc (Zn 2+ ), Nickel (Ni 2+ ) and Cobalt (Co 2+ ) from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto natural bentonite was investigated. Experiments were carried out as a function of shaking time, temperature of solution and thermal treatment of bentonite. The kinetic processes of metal ions adsorption on bentonite were described by applying pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate equations. The pseudo-second order reaction rate model was found to describe best the kinetic data. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) for Copper (Cu 2+ ), Zinc (Zn 2+ ), Nickel (Ni 2+ ) and Cobalt (Co 2+ ) adsorption onto bentonite were also determined from the temperature dependence. The adsorption was endothermic reactions for Copper (Cu 2+ ) and Zinc (Zn 2+ ), and exothermic for Nickel (Ni 2+ ) and Cobalt (Co 2+ ). The results suggested that natural bentonite is suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords : natural Bentonite, Copper (Cu 2+ ), Zinc (Zn 2+ ), Nickel (Ni 2+ ) and Cobalt (Co 2+ ), adsorption, thermodynamic parameters.
EDITOR'S NOTE - About This Supplement

The current supplementary issue of the Journal of Korean Medical Science includes official guidelines of the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS) for doctors of all medical disciplines to assess existence and extent of physical or mental impairment or disability in Korea. The KAMS organized a committee in association with the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2007, and the committee reviewed present status of assessment criteria of physical or mental impairment or disability. The impairment and disability were categorized into 15 items and the individual item was reviewed and discussed by 5 to 10 Korean professional experts. Those experts finally agreed to recommend the KAMS guideline as the standard reference for doctors to assess physical or mental impairment or disability of their patients.
Implementation of the Altman z-score model in predicting bankruptcy at PT. Garuda Indonesia, Tbk.

Research aims: This study aims to forecast Garuda Indonesia’s bankruptcy rate using the Altman Z-Score model analysis tool based on financial statement data for the 2012-2021 period.Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative description method was used, with data sources from the Garuda Indonesia website.Research findings: Based on the data analysis, Garuda Indonesia was in a "gray area" or financial difficulty in the overall observation year.Theoretical contribution/Originality: Since 2020, Garuda Indonesia has implemented a statement of financial accounting standards (PSAK 73) on lease regulations. According to Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants (IAI, 2022), the objective of PSAK 73 on leases is to determine the principles for recognizing, measuring, presenting, and disclosing leases and determine whether the lessee and lessor provide relevant data with a method that presents transactions appropriately. PSAK 73 on leases categorizes assets from finance leases designated as right-of-use assets as part of property, plant, and equipment and lease liabilities as part of long-term liabilities that appear in the statement of financial position. Following the Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants (2022), right-of-use assets describe the tenant's right to use assets granted by the lessor to the lessee during the lease term.Research limitation/Implication: This research has limitations since the reference sources only came from research journals conducted at manufacturing and service companies in Indonesia and researched by Indonesian researchers. The data studied was only for the last 10 years (2012-2021) and during that time the 2019 Covid pandemic occurred, resulting in a lockdown which caused the number of domestic and international flights to Indonesia to decrease drastically.
Polycomb-Group Proteins and FLOWERING LOCUS T Maintain Commitment to Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W][OPEN]

Annual plants usually show continuous flower generation after flowering has been induced. This works reveals an epigenetic basis for flowering commitment as Polycomb-group mutants display floral reversion that is dependent on the key flowering repressors FLC and SVP. In addition, a daylength-independent function for the florigen FT is identified that maintains flower generation. The switch from vegetative to reproductive growth is extremely stable even if plants are only transiently exposed to environmental stimuli that trigger flowering. In the photoperiodic pathway, a mobile signal, florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis thaliana, induces flowering. Because FT activity in leaves is not maintained after transient photoperiodic induction, the molecular basis for stable floral commitment is unclear. Here, we show that Polycomb-group (Pc-G) proteins, which mediate epigenetic gene regulation, maintain the identity of inflorescence and floral meristems after floral induction. Thus, plants with reduced Pc-G activity show a remarkable increase of cauline leaves under noninductive conditions and floral reversion when shifted from inductive to noninductive conditions. These phenotypes are almost completely suppressed by loss of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which both delay flowering and promote vegetative shoot identity. Upregulation of FLC in Pc-G mutants leads to a strong decrease of FT expression in inflorescences. We find that this activity of FT is needed to prevent floral reversion. Collectively, our results reveal that floral meristem identity is at least partially maintained by a daylength-independent role of FT whose expression is indirectly sustained by Pc-G activity.
Air Pollution, Oxidative Stress, and Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of people worldwide and will continue to affect millions more with population aging on the rise. AD causality is multifactorial. Known causal factors include genetic predisposition, age, and sex. Environmental toxins such as air pollution (AP) have also been implicated in AD causation. Exposure to AP can lead to chronic oxidative stress (OS), which is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Whereas AP plays a role in AD pathology, the epidemiological evidence for this association is limited. Given the significant prevalence of AP exposure combined with increased population aging, epidemiological evidence for this link is important to consider. In this paper, we examine the existing evidence supporting the relationship between AP, OS, and AD and provide recommendations for future research on the population level, which will provide evidence in support of public health interventions.
Removal of selected carbamate pesticides (prosulfocarb) from aqueous solutions using sorption on WG-12 activated carbon

This article presents a study of removing carbamate insecticides (prosulfocarb) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on carbon sorbent WG-12. Static tests were carried out, and the author’s IZO computer application performed the analysis. It is ideal for studying adsorption by generating Freundlich, Langmuir, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm equations in classical and linear forms. In addition, the application made it possible, based on simplified equations of adsorption dynamics, to calculate the operating time of the bed. Based on the generated isotherms and the values of the coefficients R 2 and S representing the quality of the model fit to the measurement points, it can be concluded that the process of adsorption of prosulfocarb on WG-12 carbon is best described by the BET isotherm ( R 2 = 0.98 and S = 5.3E-4). According to the Gils classification, an S -type isotherm was obtained, corresponding to adsorption, where adsorbate–adsorbent interactions and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions occur. Thus, cooperative adsorption of molecules can be observed. According to Branauer’s type II classification, a group of isotherms was obtained, indicating the physical adsorption of multilayers. Depending on the change in the velocity of the medium flow through the bed v p in the range from 5 to 25 m/h and the change in the height of the adsorbent bed H z in the range from 5 to 10 cm, calculated from the balance equation, the duration of the prosul-focarb adsorption process varies from about 1.7 to about 17 y.
Roles of the Glycogen-binding Domain and Snf4 in Glucose Inhibition of SNF1 Protein Kinase*

The SNF1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family is required for adaptation to metabolic stress and energy homeostasis. The γ subunit of AMPK binds AMP and ATP, and mutations that affect binding cause human disease. We have here addressed the role of the Snf4 (γ) subunit in regulating SNF1 protein kinase in response to glucose availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies of mutant cells lacking Snf4 suggested that Snf4 counteracts autoinhibition by the C-terminal sequence of the Snf1 catalytic subunit but is dispensable for glucose regulation, and AMP does not activate SNF1 in vitro. We first introduced substitutions at sites that, in AMPK, contribute to nucleotide binding and regulation. Mutations at several sites relieved glucose inhibition of SNF1, as judged by catalytic activity, phosphorylation of the activation-loop Thr-210, and growth assays, although analogs of the severe human mutations R531G/Q had little effect. We further showed that alterations of Snf4 residues that interact with the glycogen-binding domain (GBD) of the β subunit strongly relieved glucose inhibition. Finally, substitutions in the GBD of the Gal83 β subunit that are predicted to disrupt interactions with Snf4 and also complete deletion of the GBD similarly relieved glucose inhibition of SNF1. Analysis of mutant cells lacking glycogen synthase showed that regulation of SNF1 is normal in the absence of glycogen. These findings reveal novel roles for Snf4 and the GBD in regulation of SNF1.
Novel chloroplast membranes are involved in protein synthesis and protein import for the biogenesis of the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The cytological organization of de novo photosystem II biogenesis in chloroplasts was examined using a unique technique of cellular subfractionation. The cellular subfractions were biochemically examined for three chloroplast membrane compartments. The results revealed membranes that are specialized in the synthesis of photosystem II proteins that are encoded by the chloroplast genome and synthesized by bacterial-like ribosomes within this semiautonomous organelle. Furthermore, a novel class of envelope membrane was identified which has a higher density than envelope membrane that was previously described. The localization of newly synthesized proteins and lipids after cellular subfractionation were also determined. Similarly, intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis were localized in the cellular subfractions, and it was confirmed that they are not only localized to the envelope membrane. The results reveal novel membranes that are involved in the synthesis of chloroplast genome-encoded subunits of photosystem II and the import of chloroplast proteins from the cytosol. They also contribute to the current realization in the field that organelles are highly compartmentalized and that certain compartments are specialized in biogenesis processes.
The Evaluation of Accessibility, Usability, and User Experience

This chapter introduces a range of evaluation methods that assist developers in the creation of interactive electronic products, services and environments (eSystems) that are both easy and pleasant to use for the target audience. The target audience might be the broadest range of people, including people with disabilities and older people or it might be a highly specific audience, such as university students studying biology. The chapter will introduce the concepts of accessibility, usability and user experience as the criteria against which developers should be evaluating their eSystems, and the iterative user- centred design lifecycle as the framework within which the development and evaluation of these eSystems can take place. Then a range of methods for evaluating accessibility, usability and user experience will be outlined, with information about their appropriate use and strengths and weaknesses.
Studying and Characterization of Coating of Zein–CaSiO3 Composite on Polyetheretherketone Implant Material

Material-coated implants are placed in the bone and play an essential role in bone regeneration and rapid healing around implants. Polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials is a promising composite material for coating implants. This study aims to determine the effect of mixing various concentrations of zein with CaSiO3 on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as implant material. The coating was performed using the electrospray method. PEEK disks were used as a control group. The coated disks with different concentrations of zein–CaSiO3 (Group 1: 10% wt, 90% wt), (Group 2: 20% wt, 80% wt), and (Group 3%: 30% wt, 70% wt) were the experimental group. Each group was characterized by atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle, and adhesion strength. The lowest water contact angle was obtained for Group 1: 10% wt and 90% wt were (26.64° and 27.13°, respectively), and increasing amounts of zein in comparison to quantities of CaSiO3 resulted in increased adhesion strength of the composite material to the substrate. The current study suggested that the higher amount of zein compared to the amount of CaSiO3 mixture coating is achieved by electrospraying, a favorable candidate for coating implants compared to uncoated and coated disks with low concentrations of zein compared to concentrations of CaSiO3.
Cerebellar-Dependent Expression of Motor Learning during Eyeblink Conditioning in Head-Fixed Mice

Eyeblink conditioning in restrained rabbits has served as an excellent model of cerebellar-dependent motor learning for many decades. In mice, the role of the cerebellum in eyeblink conditioning is less clear and remains controversial, partly because learning appears to engage fear-related circuits and lesions of the cerebellum do not abolish the learned behavior completely. Furthermore, experiments in mice are performed using freely moving systems, which lack the stability necessary for mapping out the essential neural circuitry with electrophysiological approaches. We have developed a novel apparatus for eyeblink conditioning in head-fixed mice. Here, we show that the performance of mice in our apparatus is excellent and that the learned behavior displays two hallmark features of cerebellar-dependent eyeblink conditioning in rabbits: (1) gradual acquisition; and (2) adaptive timing of conditioned movements. Furthermore, we use a combination of pharmacological inactivation, electrical stimulation, single-unit recordings, and targeted microlesions to demonstrate that the learned behavior is completely dependent on the cerebellum and to pinpoint the exact location in the deep cerebellar nuclei that is necessary. Our results pave the way for using eyeblink conditioning in head-fixed mice as a platform for applying next-generation genetic tools to address molecular and circuit-level questions about cerebellar function in health and disease.
Lower Band Cascade of Whistler Waves Excited by Anisotropic Hot Electrons: One‐Dimensional PIC Simulations

Based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms waveform data, Gao, Lu, et al. (2016) have reported two special multiband chorus events, where upper band waves are located at harmonics of lower band waves. And they proposed a new generation mechanism to explain this multiband chorus wave, named as lower band cascade. With a 1‐D particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation model, we have investigated the lower band cascade of whistler waves excited by anisotropic hot electrons. During each simulation, lower band whistler mode waves are firstly excited by the anisotropy of hot electrons. Later, upper band harmonic waves are generated through the nonlinear coupling between the electromagnetic and electrostatic components of lower band waves, which supports the scenario of lower band cascade. Moreover, the peak wave number (or frequency) of lower band waves will continuously drift to smaller values due to the decline of the anisotropy of hot electrons. While the peak wave number of upper band harmonic waves will be kept nearly unchanged, but their amplitude continues to decrease after their saturation. We further find that the magnetic amplitude of upper band harmonic waves tends to increase with the increase of the wave normal angle of lower band waves or the anisotropy of hot electrons. Besides, the amplitude ratio between upper band and lower band waves is positively correlated with the wave normal angle of lower band waves but is anticorrelated with the anisotropy of hot electrons. Our study has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the lower band cascade of whistler waves.
What Death Can Tell: Are Executives Paid for Their Contributions to Firm Value?

Using stock price reactions to sudden deaths of top executives as a measure of expected contribution to shareholder value, we examine the relationship between executive pay and managerial contribution to shareholder value. We find, first, that the managerial labor market is characterized by positive sorting: managers with high perceived contributions to shareholder value obtain higher pay. The executive pay-contribution relationship is stronger for professional executives and for executives with high compensation. We estimate, second, that an average top executive (chief executive officer) appears to retain 71% (65%) of the marginal rent from the firm-manager relationship. We examine, third, how the executive pay-contribution relationship varies with individual, firm, and industry characteristics. Overall, our results are informative for the ongoing discussion about the level of executive compensation. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Convergence in infinitary term graph rewriting systems is simple

Term graph rewriting provides a formalism for implementing term rewriting in an efficient manner by emulating duplication via sharing. Infinitary term rewriting has been introduced to study infinite term reduction sequences. Such infinite reductions can be used to model non-strict evaluation. In this paper, we unify term graph rewriting and infinitary term rewriting thereby addressing both components of lazy evaluation: non-strictness and sharing. In contrast to previous attempts to formalise infinitary term graph rewriting, our approach is based on a simple and natural generalisation of the modes of convergence of infinitary term rewriting. We show that this new approach is better suited for infinitary term graph rewriting as it is simpler and more general. The latter is demonstrated by the fact that our notions of convergence give rise to two independent canonical and exhaustive constructions of infinite term graphs from finite term graphs via metric and ideal completion. In addition, we show that our notions of convergence on term graphs are sound w.r. t. the ones employed in infinitary term rewriting in the sense that convergence is preserved by unravelling term graphs to terms. Moreover, the resulting infinitary term graph calculi provide a unified framework for both infinitary term rewriting and term graph rewriting, which makes it possible to study the correspondences between these two worlds more closely.