Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pc3 pulsations in the polar cap and at low latitude

[1] We present a statistical analysis of Pc3–4 pulsations during 2005 at two polar cap stations (Terra Nova Bay and Dome C, Antarctica) and, for comparison, at a low-latitude station (L'Aquila). The analysis technique allows to discriminate the signal component from the background noise in the power spectrum and to determine the frequency of such ULF signal, commonly associated to the upstream wave source. The comparison of data makes evident that the characteristics of the ULF pulsations are different at low and high latitudes, and significant differences emerge also between the two polar cap stations. At Dome C the ULF signals are observed during the whole day, while at Terra Nova Bay and at L'Aquila the signals are mainly observed in the dayside sector. The different cone angle dependence at L'Aquila and Dome C, the steeper slope in the frequency dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field strength at Dome C with respect to L'Aquila and Terra Nova Bay and the time dependence of the coherence between pulsations at the Antarctic stations suggest that at low-latitude waves are transmitted to the ground from a region close to the subsolar bow shock, while near the geomagnetic pole waves are mainly transmitted through the magnetotail lobes. At Terra Nova Bay, where the local field lines approach the cusp around noon and are stretched into the magnetotail around midnight, the transmission path seems to be time dependent, with daytime and nighttime pulsations penetrating through the subsolar point and via the magnetotail lobes, respectively.
Energy cost of physical activities in children: validation of SenseWear Armband.

PURPOSE To examine the validity of SenseWear Pro2 Armband in assessing energy cost of physical activities in children, and to contribute with values of energy costs in an overview of physical activities in children. METHODS Energy cost was assessed by SenseWear Pro2 Armband in 20 healthy children, 11-13 yr, while lying down resting, sitting playing games on mobile phone, stepping up and down on a step board, bicycling on a stationary bike, jumping on a trampoline, playing basketball, and walking/running on a treadmill at the speeds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 km x h(-1). During these activities, energy cost was also assessed from VO2 and VCO2 measured by Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system, which was used as criterion method. RESULTS The difference in energy cost between SenseWear Pro2 Armband and Oxycon Mobile was -0.7 (0.5) (P < 0.001) for resting, -2.0 (0.9) (P < 0.001) for playing games on mobile phone, -6.6 (2.3) (P < 0.001) for stepping on the step board, -12.0 (3.7) (P < 0.001) for bicycling, -2.7 (11.9) (P = 0.34) for jumping on the trampoline, and -14.8 (6.4) kJ x min(-1) (P < 0.001) for playing basketball. The difference in energy cost between SenseWear Pro2 Armband and Oxycon Mobile for increasing treadmill speed was 1.3 (3.1) (P = 0.048), 0.1 (2.9) (P = 0.82), -1.2 (2.6) (P = 0.049), -1.6 (3.2) (P = 0.044), -3.1 (3.7) (P = 0.0013), -4.9 (3.7) (P < 0.001), -5.3 (3.7) (P < 0.001), and -11.1 (3.5) kJ x min(-1) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SenseWear Pro2 Armband underestimated energy cost of most activities in this study, an underestimation that increased with increased physical activity intensity. A table of energy costs (MET values) of physical activities in children measured by indirect calorimetry is presented as an initiation of the creation of a compendium of physical activities in children.
Development and validation of a hurricane nature run using the joint OSSE nature run and the WRF model

A nature run is a critical component of an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), which is a framework for evaluating the potential impact of additional observations, enhanced observing systems, or alternative data assimilation schemes toward improving numerical weather forecasts. The nature run is a period of simulated weather generated by a research‐quality numerical model, from which synthetic observations are sampled and provided to the data assimilation system and forecast model. This paper describes the development and validation of a nature run that depicts the life cycle of a strong hurricane over the North Atlantic Ocean. For compatibility with related research projects, the hurricane nature run is generated by a regional model, the weather research and forecasting model (WRF), embedded within the Joint OSSE global nature run previously generated by the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting. The domain sizes, resolution, and physical parameterizations used in the WRF simulation are discussed, and the evolution of the storm from tropical wave to recurving hurricane is described. The realism of the simulated hurricane is evaluated by comparing the model output to composited data from real hurricanes obtained from both in situ and remotely sensed observations. These include the pressure‐wind relationship, the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer, the size and outward slope of the radius of maximum winds, and contours of frequency by altitude diagrams of reflectivity and vertical velocity. The strengths and weaknesses of the nature run hurricane are discussed.
Association of Soil Aggregation with the Distribution and Quality of Organic Carbon in Soil along an Elevation Gradient on Wuyi Mountain in China

Forest soils play a critical role in the sequestration of atmospheric CO2 and subsequent attenuation of global warming. The nature and properties of organic matter in soils have an influence on the sequestration of carbon. In this study, soils were collected from representative forestlands, including a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), a coniferous forest (CF), a subalpine dwarf forest (DF), and alpine meadow (AM) along an elevation gradient on Wuyi Mountain, which is located in a subtropical area of southeastern China. These soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to examine the distribution and speciation of organic carbon (OC) within different size fractions of water-stable soil aggregates, and subsequently to determine effects on carbon sequestration. Soil aggregation rate increased with increasing elevation. Soil aggregation rate, rather than soil temperature, moisture or clay content, showed the strongest correlation with OC in bulk soil, indicating soil structure was the critical factor in carbon sequestration of Wuyi Mountain. The content of coarse particulate organic matter fraction, rather than the silt and clay particles, represented OC stock in bulk soil and different soil aggregate fractions. With increasing soil aggregation rate, more carbon was accumulated within the macroaggregates, particularly within the coarse particulate organic matter fraction (250–2000 μm), rather than within the microaggregates (53–250μm) or silt and clay particles (< 53μm). In consideration of the high instability of macroaggregates and the liability of SOC within them, further research is needed to verify whether highly-aggregated soils at higher altitudes are more likely to lose SOC under warmer conditions.
Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is higher in African Americans (AAs) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). A diet high in animal protein and fat is an environmental risk factor for CRC development. The intestinal microbiota is postulated to modulate the effects of diet in promoting or preventing CRC. Hydrogen sulfide, produced by autochthonous sulfidogenic bacteria, triggers proinflammatory pathways and hyperproliferation, and is genotoxic. We hypothesised that sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in colonic mucosa may be an environmental CRC risk factor that distinguishes AA and NHW. Design Colonic biopsies from uninvolved or healthy mucosa from CRC cases and tumour-free controls were collected prospectively from five medical centres in Chicago for association studies. Sulfidogenic bacterial abundance in uninvolved colonic mucosa of AA and NHW CRC cases was compared with normal mucosa of AA and NHW controls. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed in AA cases and controls. Correlations were examined among bacterial targets, race, disease status and dietary intake. Results AAs harboured a greater abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria compared with NHWs regardless of disease status. Bilophila wadsworthia-specific dsrA was more abundant in AA cases than controls. Linear discriminant analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed five sulfidogenic genera that were more abundant in AA cases. Fat and protein intake and daily servings of meat were significantly higher in AAs compared with NHWs, and multiple dietary components correlated with a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria. Conclusions These results implicate sulfidogenic bacteria as a potential environmental risk factor contributing to CRC development in AAs.
A molecular genetic examination of the mating system of pumpkinseed sunfish reveals high pay‐offs for specialized sneakers

Intrasexual variation in reproductive behaviour and morphology are common in nature. Often, such variation appears to result from conditional strategies in which some individuals (e.g. younger males or those in poor condition) adopt a low pay‐off phenotype as a ‘best of a bad job’. Alternatively, reproductive polymorphisms can be maintained by balancing selection, with male phenotypes having equal fitnesses at equilibrium, but examples from nature are rare. Many species of sunfish (genus Lepomis) are thought to have alternative male reproductive behaviours, but most empirical work has focused on the bluegill sunfish and the mating systems of other sunfish remain poorly understood. We studied a population of pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) in upstate New York. Field observations confirm the existence of two male reproductive strategies: ‘parentals’ were relatively old and large males that maintained nests, and ‘sneakers’ were relatively young and small males that fertilize eggs by darting into nests of parentals during spawning. The sneaker and parental male strategies appear to be distinct life‐history trajectories. Sneaker males represented 39% of the males observed spawning, and sneakers intruded on 43% of all mating attempts. Microsatellite analyses revealed that sneaker males fertilized an average of 15% of the eggs within a nest. This level of paternity by sneaker males appears to be higher than seen in most other fishes, and preliminary analyses suggest that the two male reproductive strategies are maintained as a balanced polymorphism.
IFNα signaling through PKC-θ is essential for antitumor NK cell function

We have previously shown that the development of a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-deficient tumor was favored in protein kinase C-θ knockout (PKC-θ−/−) mice compared to that occurring in wild-type mice. This phenomenon was associated with scarce recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor site, as well as impaired NK cell activation and reduced cytotoxicity ex vivo. Poly-inosinic:cytidylic acid (poly I:C) treatment activated PKC-θ in NK cells depending on the presence of a soluble factor produced by a different splenocyte subset. In the present work, we sought to analyze whether interleukin-15 (IL-15) and/or interferon-α (IFNα) mediate PKC-θ-dependent antitumor NK cell function. We found that IL-15 improves NK cell viability, granzyme B expression, degranulation capacity and interferon-γ (IFNγ) secretion independently of PKC-θ. In contrast, we found that IFNα improves the degranulation capability of NK cells against target cancer cells in a PKC-θ-dependent fashion both ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, IFNα induces PKC-θ auto-phosphorylation in NK cells, in a signal transduction pathway involving both phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase-C (PLC) activation. PKC-θ dependence was further implicated in IFNα-induced transcriptional upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), a signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1)-dependent target of IFNα. The absence of PKC-θ did not affect IFNα-induced STAT-1 Tyr701 phosphorylation but affected the increase in STAT-1 phosphorylation on Ser727, attenuating CXCL10 secretion. This connection between IFNα and PKC-θ in NK cells may be exploited in NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
Dynamic Mixture Models for Multiple Time-Series

Traditional probabilistic mixture models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation imply that data records (such as documents) are fully exchangeable. However, data are naturally collected along time, thus obey some order in time. In this paper, we present Dynamic Mixture Models (DMMs) for online pattern discovery in multiple time series. DMMs do not have the noticeable drawback of the SVD-based methods for data streams: negative values in hidden variables are often produced even with all non-negative inputs. We apply DMM models to two real-world datasets, and achieve significantly better results with intuitive interpretation.
STRUCTURAL EMPHYSEMA DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH LUNG COMPLIANCE: LESSONS FROM THE MOUSE SMOKING MODEL

The murine smoke-induced model produces histologic emphysema. The authors sought to assess whether the structural emphysema that occurred correlated with the development of compliance changes. The study exposed 2 strains of mice (CBA/J/J × C57BL/6J and A/J) to chronic cigarette smoke. Lung compliance and morphometry were measured. The smoking model generated significant emphysema in A/J mice in the absence of changes in compliance, lung matrix, or apoptosis. Importantly, there was no correlation between the emphysema measured by lung morphometry and pulmonary compliance. This lack of correlation suggests that the mechanisms involved in anatomic emphysema may be distinct from those that cause the loss of elastic recoil.
MSS: MATLAB Software for L-BFGS Trust-Region Subproblems for Large-Scale Optimization

A MATLAB implementation of the More-Sorensen sequential (MSS) method is presented. The MSS method computes the minimizer of a quadratic function defined by a limited-memory BFGS matrix subject to a two-norm trust-region constraint. This solver is an adaptation of the More-Sorensen direct method into an L-BFGS setting for large-scale optimization. The MSS method makes use of a recently proposed stable fast direct method for solving large shifted BFGS systems of equations [13, 12] and is able to compute solutions to any user-defined accuracy. This MATLAB implementation is a matrix-free iterative method for large-scale optimization. Numerical experiments on the CUTEr [3, 16]) suggest that using the MSS method as a trust-region subproblem solver can require significantly fewer function and gradient evaluations needed by a trust-region method as compared with the Steihaug-Toint method.
Neonatal long lines

Are they safe? Central venous (CV) lines have been the subject of much professional debate and public exposure in the UK following an enquiry into the deaths of four children in Manchester as the result of cardiac tamponade. One of the recommendations of this review was that CV line tips should not be placed within the cardiac outline.1 This has been the recommendation of CV line manufacturers for some time. In this issue, Beardsall et al report a retrospective questionnaire survey of pericardial effusion (PCE) and tamponade associated with percutaneously inserted central lines, together with a survey of current practice in percutaneously inserted central line use in neonatal units around the UK.2 They compare the incidence of PCE in units with different approaches to the use of percutaneously inserted central lines. Despite likely ascertainment and response bias, and unknown confounders, this study adds an important piece to the complex puzzle of PCE. Their incidence of PCE of 1.8% in percutaneously inserted central lines is at the upper end of that reported in case series of 0.5–2.0%. 3 Most PCE occurred in units aiming to place the line tip in the caval veins; the risk was greatest in units with the lowest use of CV lines. The most important conclusion of this study is that, with the current approach to positioning of long lines, an attempt to site the line tip in the caval veins (rather than the right atrium) is not associated with a reduction in incidence of PCE. Several types of CV line are used in neonatal care: 1. Umbilical venous catheters (UVC) 2. Peripherally inserted central lines 3. Central lines inserted over a guide wire at puncture of a large superficial vein 4. Surgically inserted central lines. ### Umbilical venous catheters These are relatively easy to insert in the newborn and have been used …
Pyloric Neuron Morphology in the Stomatogastric Ganglion of the Lobster, Panulirus interruptus

The pyloric network of decapod crustaceans has been intensively studied electrophysiologically in the infraorders Astacidea, Brachyura, and Palinura. The morphology of some or all pyloric neurons has been well described in Astacidea and Brachyura, but less so in Palinura. Given the large evolutionary distance between these three groups, and the large amount of electrophysiology that has been performed in palinuroid species, it is important to fill this gap. We describe here the gross morphology of all six pyloric neuron types in a palinuroid, P. interruptus. All pyloric neurons had complicated, extended dendritic trees that filled the majority of the neuropil, with most small diameter processes present in a shell near the surface of the ganglion. Certain neuron types showed modest preferences for somata location in the ganglion, but these differences were too weak to use as identifying characteristics. Quantitative measurements of secondary branch number, maximum branch order, total process length, and neuron somata diameter were also, in general, insufficient to distinguish among the neurons, although AB and LP neuron somata diameters differed from those of the other types. One neuron type (VD) had a distinctive neurite branching pattern consisting of a small initial branch followed shortly by a bifurcation of the main neurite. The processes arising from these two branches occupied largely non-overlapping neuropil. Electrophysiological recordings showed that each major branch had its own spike initiation zone and that, although the zones fired correlated spikes, they generated spikes independently. VD neurons in the other infraorders have similar morphologies, suggesting that having two arbors is important for the function of this neuron. These data are similar to those previously obtained in Brachyura and Astacidea. It thus appears that, despite their long evolutionary separation, neuron morphology in these three infraorders has not greatly diverged.
Polarimetric Variations of Binary Stars. IV. Pre-Main-Sequence Spectroscopic Binaries Located in Taurus, Auriga, and Orion

We present polarimetric observations of 14 pre–main-sequence (PMS) binaries located in the Taurus, Auriga, and Orion star-forming regions. The majority of the average observed polarizations are below 0.5%, and none are above 0.9%. After removal of estimates of the interstellar polarization, about half the binaries have an intrinsic polarization above 0.5%, even though most of them do not present other evidences for the presence of circumstellar dust. Various tests reveal that 77% of the PMS binaries have or possibly have a variable polarization. LkCa 3, Par 1540, and Par 2494 present detectable periodic and phase-locked variations. The periodic polarimetric variations are noisier and of a lesser amplitude (∼0.1%) than for other types of binaries, such as hot stars. This could be due to stochastic events that produce deviations in the average polarization, a nonfavorable geometry (circumbinary envelope), or the nature of the scatterers (dust grains are less efficient polarizers than electrons). Par 1540 is a weak-line T Tauri star but nonetheless has enough dust in its environment to produce detectable levels of polarization and variations. A fourth interesting case is W134, which displays rapid changes in polarization that could be due to eclipses. We compare the observations with some of our numerical simulations and also show that an analysis of the periodic polarimetric variations with the Brown, McLean, & Emslie (BME) formalism to find the orbital inclination is for the moment premature: nonperiodic events introduce stochastic noise that partially masks the periodic low-amplitude variations and prevents the BME formalism from finding a reasonable estimate of the orbital inclination.
The Arabidopsis RING-Type E3 Ligase TEAR1 Controls Leaf Development by Targeting the TIE1 Transcriptional Repressor for Degradation[OPEN]

TEAR1 is an active E3 ligase that controls leaf development by promoting CIN-like TCP activity by targeting the TCP repressor TIE1 for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The developmental plasticity of leaf size and shape is important for leaf function and plant survival. However, the mechanisms by which plants form diverse leaves in response to environmental conditions are not well understood. Here, we identified TIE1-ASSOCIATED RING-TYPE E3 LIGASE1 (TEAR1) and found that it regulates leaf development by promoting the degradation of TCP INTERACTOR-CONTAINING EAR MOTIF PROTEIN1 (TIE1), an important repressor of CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors, which are key for leaf development. TEAR1 contains a typical C3H2C3-type RING domain and has E3 ligase activity. We show that TEAR1 interacts with the TCP repressor TIE1, which is ubiquitinated in vivo and degraded by the 26S proteasome system. We demonstrate that TEAR1 is colocalized with TIE1 in nuclei and negatively regulates TIE1 protein levels. Overexpression of TEAR1 rescued leaf defects caused by TIE1 overexpression, whereas disruption of TEAR1 resulted in leaf phenotypes resembling those caused by TIE1 overexpression or TCP dysfunction. Deficiency in TEAR partially rescued the leaf defects of TCP4 overexpression line and enhanced the wavy leaf phenotypes of jaw-5D. We propose that TEAR1 positively regulates CIN-like TCP activity to promote leaf development by mediating the degradation of the TCP repressor TIE1.
Capacity Planning of OFDMA Cellular Networks with Decode-and-Forward Relaying

The cellular relay network can provide both coverage extension and capacity enhancement. However, the network in nature requires more complex operation for maintaining each connection because of an increase dimension of node mobility that affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receiver node in the respective link in the relay architecture. As the outage ratio depends on the SNR statistics and the number of connections admitted in the system, admission capacity planning needs to take into account the SNR fluctuations. In this paper, we propose a new method for admission capacity planning in a cellular network using a cooperative relaying mechanism called decode-and- forward. Our approach is based on a new consideration of the randomness of the channel gain in our formulation of the outage ratio. Admission capacity planning is mathematically formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes the accommodation capacity (in number of connections) subject to a constraint that the outage ratio is upper-bounded by a certain threshold value. The simplicity of the problem formulation facilitates its solution in real-time. The proposed planning method provides an attractive means for dimensioning a cellular relay network with cooperative relay nodes.