Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family change and co-parenting in resident couples and children’s behavioral problems

ABSTRACT Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study (n = 1553), the present study examined whether father involvement and co-parenting quality mediated the association between union instability (number of residential romantic partner changes) over the first 5 years of life and children’s externalizing problem behaviors (EPB) at 5 years. The results indicate that only co-parenting support mediated the association between union instability and children’s EPB, controlling for known covariates of children’s EPB. The findings suggest that the union instability associated with romantic partner transitions has a deleterious effect on children’s behaviors because the change in union status decreases the quality of the co-parenting relationship.
Converging on Choice: The Interstate Flow of Foundation Dollars to Charter School Organizations

A growing body of research has been documenting the pivotal role that philanthropic funding plays in advancing state and local charter school reform. However, there is little understanding of the geographic flow of these funding patterns and the market, policy, and organizational conditions that have concentrated funding in some clusters of states more than others. To address this limitation, we use descriptive cartography and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) regression to analyze longitudinal funding data from 15 philanthropic foundations along with data related to the contexts of the states where grant recipients reside. We find that between 2009 and 2014, foundations were increasingly converging their funding flows to charter school organizations in select clusters of states as they shifted the concentration of funds away from individual charter schools to charter management organizations (CMOs) and advocacy organizations. A substantial portion of the variation in this interstate convergent grant funding was associated with previously established funding flows. However, the local market and policy contexts of states and certain forms of evidence of charter school effectiveness were also associated with interstate convergent funding. These findings point to the potential ways public policy and research can shape the flow of private money into public education and yet illuminate substantial geographic inequality in the ways these funds are distributed.
A THE EFFECT SUPERVISION, SCHOOL CULTURE, AND WORK COMMITMENT OF JOB PERFORMANCE PRIMARY SCHOOL IN PRINCIPAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE REGION II CITY WEST JAKARTA

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect supervision, school culture, and work commitment of job performance elementary school principal of administrative region II city west Jakarta. This research tried to answer problems about job performance with evidence increasing of service employee. The research was conducted on job performance employee involving of 110 elementary school principal had been selected from the target populations of 128 employees by using the quantitative approach with path analysis methods. The research of hypothesis testing show: (1) supervision had a direct effect positive on job performance; (2) school culture had a direct effect positive on job performance; (3) work commitment had a direct effect positive on job performance; (4) supervision had a direct effect positive on work commitment: (5) school culture had a direct effect positive on work commitment;. Therefore to improve the job performance school principal of administrative region II city west Jakarta. Need to increase supervision, school culture, and work commitment.
Student dropout in upper secondary education in Norway: A challenge to the principles of the welfare state?

ThisarticlepresentsareviewofextantresearchonstudentdropoutinNorway,originallyundertakenaspartofasystematicreview. ThearticlecontextualizesthefoundationalprincipleofequalityaschampionedbythewelfarestateandidentifiesthesignificanceofdropoutinuppersecondaryeducationinNorway. Thearticlethenassesseswhetherdropouthasbeensufficientlyaddressed,byexploringdropoutmeasuresthathavebeenimplementedandevaluated. Itisarguedthatalthoughequalityof access touppersecondaryeducationhas beenimproved,theenduringsignificanceofstudentdropoutrevealsconcealededucationalinequalitiesof outcomes inasocialdemocratic‘welfarestate’.
Mitigation effectiveness for improving nesting success of greater sage-grouse influenced by energy development

Sagebrush Artemisia spp. habitats being developed for oil and gas reserves are inhabited by sagebrush obligate species — including the greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus (sage-grouse) that is currently being considered for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Numerous studies suggest increasing oil and gas development may exacerbate species extinction risks. Therefore, there is a great need for effective on-site mitigation to reduce impacts to co-occurring wildlife such as sage-grouse. Nesting success is a primary factor in avian productivity and declines in nesting success are also thought to be an important contributor to population declines in sage-grouse. From 2008 to 2011 we monitored 296 nests of radio-marked female sage-grouse in a natural gas (NG) field in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA, and compared nest survival in mitigated and non-mitigated development areas and relatively unaltered areas to determine if specific mitigation practices were enhancing nest survival. Nest survival was highest in relatively unaltered habitats followed by mitigated, and then non-mitigated NG areas. Reservoirs used for holding NG discharge water had the greatest support as having a direct relationship to nest survival. Within a 5-km2 area surrounding a nest, the probability of nest failure increased by about 15% for every 1.5 km increase in reservoir water edge. Reducing reservoirs was a mitigation focus and sage-grouse nesting in mitigated areas were exposed to almost half of the amount of water edge compared to those in non-mitigated areas. Further, we found that an increase in sagebrush cover was positively related to nest survival. Consequently, mitigation efforts focused on reducing reservoir construction and reducing surface disturbance, especially when the surface disturbance results in sagebrush removal, are important to enhancing sage-grouse nesting success.
Learning Functions: When Is Deep Better Than Shallow

While the universal approximation property holds both for hierarchical and shallow networks, we prove that deep (hierarchical) networks can approximate the class of compositional functions with the same accuracy as shallow networks but with exponentially lower number of training parameters as well as VC-dimension. This theorem settles an old conjecture by Bengio on the role of depth in networks. We then define a general class of scalable, shift-invariant algorithms to show a simple and natural set of requirements that justify deep convolutional networks.
Investment Shocks and GDP Responses

Some recent studies of the relationship between investment (or saving) and growth have found an absence of positive causality from the latter to the former. This finding poses a puzzle for growth theory and relies on groups of countries obeying a constant growth equation for its robustness. In this paper I investigate the causality from investment to GDP using postwar time-series data from the US economy. I find evidence of a permanent shock producing a strong positive long-run response in both investment and GDP. This is consistent with the view that capital accumulation is coincident with, but not a cause of, economic growth.
Foot and ankle risk factors for falls in older people: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND Foot problems are common in older people and are associated with impaired balance and functional ability. Few prospective studies, however, have been undertaken to determine whether foot problems are a risk factor for falls. METHODS One hundred seventy-six people (56 men and 120 women, mean age 80.1, standard deviation 6.4 years) residing in a retirement village underwent tests of foot and ankle characteristics (including foot posture, range of motion, strength, and deformity) and physiological falls risk factors (including vision, sensation, strength, reaction time, and balance) and were followed for 12 months to determine the incidence of falls. RESULTS Seventy-one participants (41%) reported falling during the follow-up period. Compared to those who did not fall, fallers exhibited decreased ankle flexibility, more severe hallux valgus deformity, decreased plantar tactile sensitivity, and decreased toe plantarflexor strength; they were also more likely to have disabling foot pain. Discriminant function analysis revealed that decreased toe plantarflexor strength and disabling foot pain were significantly and independently associated with falls after accounting for physiological falls risk factors and age. CONCLUSIONS Foot and ankle problems increase the risk of falls in older people. Interventions to address these factors may hold some promise as a falls prevention strategy.
The Impact of Budget Constraints on Flexible vs. Dedicated Technology Choice

This paper studies the flexible versus dedicated technology choice and capacity investment decisions of a multiproduct firm under demand uncertainty in the presence of budget constraints. The firm operates under a capital budget for financing the capacity investment, and an operating budget, which is uncertain in the capacity investment stage, for financing the production. We investigate how the tightening of the capital budget and a lower financial flexibility in the production stage (the likelihood of having a sufficient operating budget) shape the optimal technology choice. We find that the dominant regime is one where dedicated technology should be adopted for a larger investment cost range, and thus, is the best response to the tighter capital budget, whereas flexible technology is the best response to lower financial flexibility. We identify the key roles that the capacity intensity (the ratio of unit capacity cost to total unit capacity and production cost) of each technology and the pooling value of operating budget with dedicated technology, which brings this technology closer to flexible technology in terms of the resource network’s flexibility, play in a budget-constrained environment. Managerially, our results underline that in the presence of financial constraints, firms should manage technology adoption together with plant location, which shapes capacity intensity, or product portfolio, which shapes financial flexibility. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management .
On the placement of RF energy harvesting node in wireless networks with secrecy considerations

The potential dual use of radio-frequency (RF) signals for carrying energy and information brings an exciting opportunity for energy harvesting (EH) from ambient RF signals in wireless communication networks. To maximize the efficiency of harvesting wireless energy, it is desirable to have the EH node located close to the transmitter. However, when the transmitted information is confidential, the EH node should be regarded as a potential eavesdropper, and hence, it is preferred to have the EH node located far from the transmitter. Therefore, the placement of EH nodes in wireless networks becomes an interesting problem when secrecy is an important consideration. In this paper, we investigate the optimal placement of the EH node with physical-layer security considerations by formulating and solving two optimization problems. The first problem maximizes the average EH power subject to a secrecy outage constraint, while the second problem minimizes the secrecy outage probability subject to an EH constraint. Our results also demonstrate the tradeoff between secrecy and EH performances caused by the placement of the EH node.
The Influence of Stellar Wind Variability on Measurements of Interstellar O VI along Sight Lines to Early-Type Stars

A primary goal of the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer mission is to understand the origin of the O VI ion in the interstellar medium of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Along sight lines to OB-type stars, these interstellar components are usually blended with O VI stellar wind profiles, which frequently vary in shape. In order to assess the effects of this time-dependent blending on measurements of the interstellar O VI lines, we have undertaken a minisurvey of repeated observations toward OB-type stars in the Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud. These sparse time series, which consist of two to three observations separated by intervals ranging from a few days to several months, show that wind variability occurs commonly in O VI (~60% of a sample of 50 stars), as indeed it does in other resonance lines. However, in the interstellar O VI λ1032 region, the O VI λ1038 wind varies only in ~30% of the cases. By examining cases exhibiting large amplitude variations, we conclude that stellar wind variability generally introduces negligible uncertainty for single interstellar O VI components along Galactic lines of sight but can result in substantial errors in measurements of broader components or blends of components like those typically observed toward stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Due to possible contamination by discrete absorption components in the stellar O VI line, stars with terminal velocities greater than or equal to the doublet separation (1654 km s-1) should be treated with care.
Systematic identification of cis-silenced genes by trans complementation

A gene’s transcriptional output is the combined product of two inputs: diffusible factors in the cellular milieu acting in trans, and chromatin state acting in cis. Here, we describe a strategy for dissecting the relative contribution of cis versus trans mechanisms to gene regulation. Referred to as trans complementation, it entails fusing two disparate cell types and searching for genes differentially expressed between the two genomes of fused cells. Any differential expression can be causally attributed to cis mechanisms because the two genomes of fused cells share a single homogenized milieu in trans. This assay uncovered a state of transcriptional competency that we termed ‘occluded’ whereby affected genes are silenced by cis-acting mechanisms in a manner that blocks them from responding to the trans-acting milieu of the cell. Importantly, occluded genes in a given cell type tend to include master triggers of alternative cell fates. Furthermore, the occluded state is maintained during cell division and is extraordinarily stable under a wide range of physiological conditions. These results support the model that the occlusion of lineage-inappropriate genes is a key mechanism of cell fate restriction. The identification of occluded genes by our assay provides a hitherto unavailable functional readout of chromatin state that is distinct from and complementary to gene expression status.
Mobile students and newly performed spaces: mapping complexities and shifts in social capital actor-networks

This philosophically oriented thesis engages with the growing and multi-faceted phenomenon of global student mobility and the forms of capital which underpin,are changed by and, in some form, evolve from these experiences. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, the practices and experiences of Brazilian students – and their shifts in social capital as they embark on their journey to Ireland – are at the core of the analysis. The focus is on the description of strategies deployed by the students to enrol and mobilise other actors, therefore extending their actor-networks. The investigation continues by tracing the heterogeneous associations that assemble the Irish international education policy strategy in light of its agentic capacity to enact realities in a particular way. The task of closely “following the actors”, whether human or non-human, allows the emergence of a hybrid discussion between scholarly enquiry and empirical study, where ontological disquietudes are favoured over epistemological rules. This thesis falls into an ontological debate on the consequences of an encounter between Actor-Network Theory, international education realities, and the idea of social capital. In this, all the actors involved – primary and secondary data, and researcher – are seen as entities performing a series of associations in the same plane of immanence, rejecting a priori categorisations established by Cartesian modes of knowledge production. In electing case study as a research methodology, this study was brought into being by assembling in-depth interviews, documentary analysis, and reflective diaries as research methods. The fluid concept of translation was used to describe the socio-material practices of students, policy, and their associations; framing the often paradoxical ways realities are enacted. Actor-Network Theory’s artifices – that favour the craft of unfamiliar theoretical repertoires – generated the concept of “social capital actor-networks”. This hybrid theoretical construct illuminates how human and non-human entities’ singular and precarious processes of mobilisation are performed until some form of ontological security is achieved via alliances. This thesis demonstrates how a relational philosophical sensibility can flourish as it concomitantly explores and brings into existence previously unknown international education realities.
Staffing for Success

Teacher evaluation is at the center of current education policy reform. Most evaluation systems rely at least in part on principals’ assessments of teachers, and their discretionary judgments carry substantial weight. However, we know relatively little about what they value when determining evaluations and high stakes personnel decisions. Using unique data from an independently managed public charter school district, I explore the extent to which autonomous school administrators’ formative evaluations of teachers predict a variety of future personnel decisions. I also assess the extent to which their evaluations predict alternative measures of teacher performance, including student and parent evaluations of individual teachers in the same and future school years. I find that formative midyear ratings—shared by administrators with teachers—clearly differentiate between teachers and are strongly associated with end-of-year dismissal and promotion decisions. I use an exploratory factor analysis to identify four distinct components of administrators’ feedback to teachers and show that different components predict different types of personnel decisions in schools. In addition, different components predict different teacher performance measures. The results suggest the importance of accounting for multiple aspects of teachers’ work in evaluation systems that are meant to inform multiple types of personnel decisions.
Legal Competition, Political Process and Irreversible Investment Decisions

We compare the effects of competition for the design of labor laws in an environment characterized by irreversible investments in human and physical capital. We compare autarky with two-country cases, assuming that capital is mobile and labor immobile. We distinguish two cases. In the first, the political system is free from capture, while in the second, we examine the case where labor captures the institutional design problem. We find that in the former case legal competition reduces welfare while in the latter it improves the overall outcome.
Refugees, Islam, and the State: The Role of Religion in Providing Sanctuary in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Malaysia has a mixed track record in providing Muslims with refuge, yet it increasingly lays claim to being an Islamic country. This article charts a history of the refugee engagement Malaysia has had based mainly on a shared regional and/or shared religious affiliation (Sunni Islam). I argue that the recent Malaysian history of refugee treatment presents a case for Muslim solidarity, but one tempered by a prevalent racism in Malaysia against people from the Indian subcontinent. Nonetheless, Islam provides an alternative history for providing protection to people in need. The UNHCR has pursued this approach in Muslim majority countries that are not signatories to the refugee convention in the hope of carving out a complementary protection space based on Islamic law and practice. This article traces these attempts and situates them within the Malaysian sociopolitical terrain, drawing out the possibilities and limits to such an approach.
Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries

About 80% of the world's children live in developing countries. Their well-being as adults depends heavily on the education they receive. School enrollment rates have increased dramatically in developing counties since 1960, but many children still leave school at a young age and often learn little while in school. This chapter reviews recent research on the impact of education and other policies on the quantity and quality of education obtained by children in developing countries. The policies considered include not only provision of basic inputs but also policies that change the way that schools are organized. While much has been learned about how to raise enrollment rates, less is known about how to increase learning. Randomized studies offer the most promise for understanding the impact of policies on learning.