Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Screening as a Monitoring Tool for Iodine Deficiency in Turkey

Objective: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in neonates is recommended as an indicator for presence of iodine deficiency (ID) at a population level and as a monitoring tool in programs of iodine supplementation. The purpose of this study, based on data from the National Newborn Screening Program (NNSP) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in 2014, was to analyze neonatal TSH levels to predict the current status of iodine nutrition in Turkey. Methods: According to screening methodology, heel-prick blood samples of newborns were collected on filter paper cards usually on day 3-5 after birth (or shortly before discharge). Results of samples collected >48 h after birth were analyzed. The degree of severity of ID was assessed by using the epidemiologic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Elevated TSH levels (>5 mIU/L) were processed and classified according to province, region, birth season, and sampling time. Results: A total of 1,298531 newborns were registered in the NNSP for the CH database. Of those, 1,270311 newborns had screening results collected >48 h after birth and were included in the statistical analyses. The national prevalence of elevated TSH was 7.2%. While the Gaziantep sub-region had the highest TSH elevation rate (15.9%), the Tekirdağ sub-region had the lowest rate (4.0%; p<0.001). Seasonal variations were also significant, and the elevated TSH prevalence rate was highest in winter (7.4%; p<0.001). Conclusion: National CH screening results suggest that Turkey may still be mildly iodine deficient. Nationwide studies should be performed for direct assessment and monitoring of iodine status in vulnerable populations to confirm accuracy of our results.
Bankruptcy risk model and empirical tests

We analyze the size dependence and temporal stability of firm bankruptcy risk in the US economy by applying Zipf scaling techniques. We focus on a single risk factor—the debt-to-asset ratio R—in order to study the stability of the Zipf distribution of R over time. We find that the Zipf exponent increases during market crashes, implying that firms go bankrupt with larger values of R. Based on the Zipf analysis, we employ Bayes’s theorem and relate the conditional probability that a bankrupt firm has a ratio R with the conditional probability of bankruptcy for a firm with a given R value. For 2,737 bankrupt firms, we demonstrate size dependence in assets change during the bankruptcy proceedings. Prepetition firm assets and petition firm assets follow Zipf distributions but with different exponents, meaning that firms with smaller assets adjust their assets more than firms with larger assets during the bankruptcy process. We compare bankrupt firms with nonbankrupt firms by analyzing the assets and liabilities of two large subsets of the US economy: 2,545 Nasdaq members and 1,680 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) members. We find that both assets and liabilities follow a Pareto distribution. The finding is not a trivial consequence of the Zipf scaling relationship of firm size quantified by employees—although the market capitalization of Nasdaq stocks follows a Pareto distribution, the same distribution does not describe NYSE stocks. We propose a coupled Simon model that simultaneously evolves both assets and debt with the possibility of bankruptcy, and we also consider the possibility of firm mergers.
Playgroups as sites for parental education

There is widespread international interest in parental education as a means of promoting educational equality through improving educational outcomes for young children. The research in this area suggests an association between the home learning environment and children’s educational outcomes and highlights the importance of parental education for supporting young children’s learning through play. This article reviews the international literature around parental education initiatives (or ‘interventions’) in early childhood and then considers playgroups as potential sites for parental education. The article identifies the universal features of playgroups that make these sites appealing for the implementation of parental education initiatives and discusses the complexities associated with the design of interventions aimed at meeting the diverse needs of parents attending playgroups. It concludes by providing a case for community playgroups as cultural contexts, to be considered sites for parental education through curriculum aimed at supporting parents to actively engage in their children’s learning and development through play.
Motherhood and care: (still) women’s destiny?

The aim of this paper is to look at a theme which has been much analysed in Women’s Studies and elsewhere: motherhood. There has been a return to viewing motherhood as an experience with obvious biological foundations but above all as a social construct which patriarchal societies have used to control women. Specifically, we give a voice to ‘non-mothers’, who are still today seen as surprising, as somehow anomalous, strange, even threatening. Noting that motherhood rhetoric and cultural pressures – still very much a feature of Italian life – have not sufficed to reverse a demographic trend, we explore the category of ‘care’. The idea is that questioning the intrinsically feminine nature of caring as exalted in motherhood, gives us the chance to construct a ‘culture of care and conviviality’ on the basis of their shared role as ‘sons and daughters’. Shared origins on which to build new, non-hierarchical, sharing relationships. Keywords : gender, maternity, patriarchy, gylany
Social psychological benefits of a wilderness adventure program

Wilderness-based outdoor adventure programs are in- tended to produce positive change in participants. There are a significant number of these programs, with Hattie and others (1997) reporting that in 1994 alone, there were over 40,000 students participating in Outward Bound programs. Not all of these pro- grams occur in wilderness, but significant portions of them do. A major goal of these programs is the improvement and development of participants' self-concept and self-efficacy through wilderness- based activities. These activities provide opportunities for physical, emotional and cognitive challenges and opportunities for success. Research has demonstrated that these programs have an impact on participants' awareness of themselves and others (Hattie and oth- ers 1997). Another goal of some programs is to create and foster a wilderness/environmental awareness that enhances the partici- pants' ability to perceive and identify with the environment and to generate concern and commitment to the continued preservation of nature and wilderness (McAvoy 1987). There has been little research on the long-term benefits of wilderness programs. Most previous studies have focused on immediate benefits. This research project examined how a wilderness adventure program influenced the self-efficacy of participants, how participants transferred their experi- ences from their wilderness program to their everyday lives and if these programs have a lasting impact on the partici- pants' attitude towards wilderness. Self-efficacy is important for an individual's general men- tal health. Research has found that for individuals to func- tion proficiently and have a sound sense of well-being, positive self-efficacy is fundamental (Gecas and Burke 1995). Many previous studies conducted on self-efficacy while par- ticipating in a wilderness adventure course have overlooked the relationship between positive self-efficacy acquired through an adventure course and the application to the participants' everyday lives.
The influence of typology and modality on the acquisition of verb agreement morphology in British Sign Language

The development of morphological verb agreement in childrenís language involves several different linguistic phenomena. Languageñspecific influences impact on developmental patterns and age of acquisition. This study addresses three potential factors involved in the development of verb agreement morphology in sign languages and more specifically in a case study of one deaf child of native signing parents acquiring British Sign Language. The data were collected longitudinally between the ages of 1;10 and 3;0 with analysis concentrating on the emergence and mastery of the inflectional system for encoding person agreement. The data are compared with other studies of verb agreement in both signed and spoken language acquisition. Analysis reveals a relatively late onset of verb use and protracted development of the agreement system with productive use of inflectional morphology reached at 3;0. The observed developmental patterns and age of acquisition are explained by the combined influence of a set of both typological and modality-specific factors.
TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE STATES IN AGING: EVIDENCE FROM BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROIMAGING STUDIES

Metamemory is defined as the knowledge about one’s memory capabilities and about strategies that can aid memory (Shimamura, 1994). One particularly intriguing type of metamemory judgment is a tip-of-the-tongue experience, which refers to a strong feeling that a target word, though presently not recalled, is known and on the verge of being produced. Older adults report more TOT experiences than young adults. However, there is great variability among older adults in performance on memory and executive function tasks, and it is unknown whether subsets of older adults experience more TOT states. Additionally, the neural correlates of successful retrieval, TOTs, and unsuccessful retrieval in aging have not been studied. In the studies reported here, the relationship between frontal and medial temporal neuropsychological factor scores (see Glisky et al., 1995) and performance on metamemory tasks was examined. Importantly, this was the first study to examine the neural correlates of tip-of-the-tongue experiences in older adults. In an event-related fMRI design, participants viewed famous and novel faces and were asked to respond regarding successful retrieval, unsuccessful retrieval, or tip-of-thetongue experiences. Results show that, as a group, older adults had activation in the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during tip-of-the-tongue states, consistent with similar studies in young adults (Maril et al., 2001; Pannu et al., 2004, Schnyer et al., 2005). Additionally, activations in lateral prefrontal cortex and medial temporal areas during the task varied systematically with frontal and temporal lobe factor scores. These results provide evidence for differences in neural activation between groups of healthy
Multiwavelength observations of a VHE gamma-ray flare from PKS 1510-089 in 2015

Context. PKS 1510 089 is one of only a few flat spectrum radio quasars detected in the very-high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) gamma-ray band. Aims. We study the broadband spectral and temporal properties of the PKS 1510 089 emission during a high gamma-ray state. Methods. We performed VHE gamma-ray observations of PKS 1510 089 with the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes during a long, high gamma-ray state in May 2015. In order to perform broadband modeling of the source, we have also gathered contemporaneous multiwavelength data in radio, IR, optical photometry and polarization, UV, X-ray, and GeV gamma-ray ranges. We construct a broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) in two periods, selected according to VHE gamma-ray state. Results. PKS 1510 089 was detected by MAGIC during a few day-long observations performed in the middle of a long, high optical and gamma-ray state, showing for the first time a significant VHE gamma-ray variability. Similarly to the optical and gamma-ray high state of the source detected in 2012, it was accompanied by a rotation of the optical polarization angle and the emission of a new jet component observed in radio. However, owing to large uncertainty on the knot separation time, the association with the VHE gamma-ray emission cannot be firmly established. The spectral shape in the VHE band during the flare is similar to those obtained during previous measurements of the source. The observed flux variability sets constraints for the first time on the size of the region from which VHE gamma rays are emitted. We model the broadband SED in the framework of the external Compton scenario and discuss the possible emission site in view of multiwavelength data and alternative emission models.
A Three-Phase Multioptimal PWM Implemented on 2-Gbit Flash Memory Integrated Circuits

This paper further develops the concept of very large size flash-memory-based pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) algorithms for three-phase inverters. Such algorithms differ from the conventional counter-based implementation, and they follow a preprogrammed optimal PWM pattern that is read from a very large size memory with magnitude and phase as coordinates. Any sequence of states is thus possible within a PWM sampling interval. A novel digital structure has been built around the newly released flash memory integrated circuits. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of operation at any PWM sampling frequency up to 20 kHz when using gigabit-size flash memory integrated circuits along any low-cost microcontroller with an SPI peripheral. To empower the concept, a multioptimal PWM has been proposed and implemented on a 2-Gbit memory table. The harmonics of the phase currents are reduced by more than 40% while a constant PWM sampling frequency is maintained in order to comply with the conventional vector control methods for grid or motor applications.
DAMPAK PAJANAN KEBISINGAN MESIN EXTRUDER TERHADAP GANGGUAN KOMUNIKASI PADA PEKERJA DI PT. X SIDOARJO

Exposure to extruder machine noise can cause non-auditory effects such as communication disorders. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of extruder machine noise exposure on the non-auditory effects of PT. X Sidoarjo in 2018. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The research respondents were 60 people consisting of two groups, namely groups of workers in the extruder unit and office staff groups. The group of workers in the extruder unit is a group that is exposed to high noise while the office staff group is a control group that is exposed to low noise. Sampling is done by simple random sampling method. The independent variables in this study were the level of extruder machine noise exposure and the dependent variable in this study, which were non auditory effects which included communication disorders. Noise in the area of the extruder machine shows a number that exceeds the Threshold Value The limit is 85 dBA. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that 81.6% of workers felt a communication disruption due to exposure to extruder machines at PT. X Sidoarjo. Efforts can be made to reduce the level of extruder noise exposure by the need for periodic engine maintenance, dampers to reduce the noise level of the extruder machine and work rotation is needed to reduce the impact of extruder machine noise exposure on workers.
Targeting Glucose Consumption and Autophagy in Myeloma with the Novel Nucleoside Analogue 8-Aminoadenosine*

Multiple myeloma, an incurable plasma cell malignancy, is characterized by altered cellular metabolism and resistance to apoptosis. Recent connections between glucose metabolism and resistance to apoptosis provide a compelling rationale for targeting metabolic changes in cancer. In this study, we have examined the ability of the purine analogue 8-aminoadenosine to acutely reduce glucose consumption by regulating localization and expression of key glucose transporters. Myeloma cells counteracted the metabolic stress by activating autophagy. Co-treatment with inhibitors of autophagy results in marked enhancement of cell death. Glucose consumption by drug-resistant myeloma cells was unaffected by 8-aminoadenosine, and accordingly, no activation of autophagy was observed. However, these cells can be sensitized to 8-aminoadenosine under glucose-limiting conditions. The prosurvival autophagic response of myeloma to nutrient deprivation or to nucleoside analogue treatment has not been described previously. This study establishes the potential of metabolic targeting as a broader means to kill and sensitize myeloma and identifies a compound that can achieve this goal.
The Lapara Creek Fauna: Early Clarendonian of south Texas, USA

The Lapara Creek Fauna includes a large collection of fossil vertebrates obtained by the State-Wide Paleontologic-Mineralogic Survey in Texas (1939–1941) under the direction of the Bureau of Economic Geology and the Texas Memorial Museum. Of the 50 species of fossil vertebrates, five species are fish, seven are reptiles, two are birds and 36 are mammals. The 36 species of mammals represent 31 genera of which four are rodents, five are carnivores, two are proboscideans, 10 are artiodactyls and 10 are perissodactyls. These taxa are known from four separate local faunas distributed within the lower to middle parts of the Goliad Formation and are Clarendonian in age. The Ten Mile Waterhole Creek and Bridge Ranch local faunas compare well with Cl1 faunas in North America, while the Farish Ranch and Buckner Ranch local faunas compare well with early Cl2 faunas. The fauna includes the first occurrence, or at least very early occurrences, of cf. Trachemys sp. , Apalone sp. , Alligator cf. mississippiensis and cf. Eucyon sp. Identification of Ceratogaulus cf. rhinoceros extends the known geographic range of this taxon and represents the oldest occurrence of a mylagaulid from the Texas coastal plain. Blancotherium buckneri is a new generic name assigned to a longirostrine gomphothere that is represented by numerous specimens from the Buckner Ranch Local Fauna. The diverse horse fauna includes 12 species representing nine genera, all but one of which are hypsodont. The composition of the fauna is consistent with the widespread Clarendonian Chronofauna and with a mixed woodland–grassland environment on a broad floodplain associated with low-gradient rivers. Steven R. May. Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collections, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78758, USA. srmay@utexas.edu
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY?

144 spiring to construct and subsequently consolidate psychology as a scientific enterprise requires full compliance with various tasks (Kantor, 1963), for the purposes pursued here we will mention the three most notable ones, namely: 1. The clear and precise definition of the subject matter. 2. Having a coherent body of concepts and categories that represent it. 3. Having a method — procedures and techniques — that contributes to prove the theory, matching what is said theoretically and conceptually with the empirical evidence generated in the form of data. The definition of the subject matter, both the material and the formal, i.e., what we are interested in and what we intend to do to address it, respectively (Roca, 2013), is only the first step on the long and winding road that we must travel in the process of the construction of psychology as a discipline of knowledge. Let us suppose, for a moment, that we are interested here in the study of behavior (material object) for which it would be necessary to specify which aspects or perspective will be adopted for study (formal object): for Ribes (1995) this would be the contingency relations, whereas for Roca (2007) it would be the associative relationships between the factors involved in a field of psychology. It is also essential to be clear about what procedures will be used to select the terms and expressions that are considered relevant to conceptually represent the subject matter and all that is presumed to be psychological, e.g., attention, perceiving, feeling, reasoning, imagining, thinking, remembering, among many others (Kantor, 1924/1926, Kantor & Smith, 1975; Ribes, 2009a). Finally, one must know which method to use, in order to interpret in a theoretical sense the data obtained in the practice of research; hence, as suggested by Hanson (1985), data that are interpreted in the form of facts are always conceptual facts. It is true that, thanks to the current pluralism in the discipline, which is a consequence of the lack of consensus on the definition of the subject matter, today we can find many and varied psychologies, which are distinguished by their categories and concepts and their methods and logical application of knowledge, and are openly divergent and even incommensurable with each other (Ribes, 2000). What is interesting from the current state of affairs in the discipline, is that when one would expect that the collective efforts of psychologists would be aimed at seeking a kind of consensus or unity, as recently suggested by Ardila (2010), on the contrary, we find approaches that are presumed to give birth to “new” and “different” psychologies, which are promptly credited with scientific character; a conspicuous example is what is known as positive psychology (hereinafter PP). Three questions arise in relation to this: does it make sense in the current circumstances to consider the existence of a scientific POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY?
A Dynamic Neural Field Model of Mesoscopic Cortical Activity Captured with Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging

A neural field model is presented that captures the essential non-linear characteristics of activity dynamics across several millimeters of visual cortex in response to local flashed and moving stimuli. We account for physiological data obtained by voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging which reports mesoscopic population activity at high spatio-temporal resolution. Stimulation included a single flashed square, a single flashed bar, the line-motion paradigm – for which psychophysical studies showed that flashing a square briefly before a bar produces sensation of illusory motion within the bar – and moving squares controls. We consider a two-layer neural field (NF) model describing an excitatory and an inhibitory layer of neurons as a coupled system of non-linear integro-differential equations. Under the assumption that the aggregated activity of both layers is reflected by VSD imaging, our phenomenological model quantitatively accounts for the observed spatio-temporal activity patterns. Moreover, the model generalizes to novel similar stimuli as it matches activity evoked by moving squares of different speeds. Our results indicate that feedback from higher brain areas is not required to produce motion patterns in the case of the illusory line-motion paradigm. Physiological interpretation of the model suggests that a considerable fraction of the VSD signal may be due to inhibitory activity, supporting the notion that balanced intra-layer cortical interactions between inhibitory and excitatory populations play a major role in shaping dynamic stimulus representations in the early visual cortex.