Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p16 is a major inactivation target in hepatocellular carcinoma

The p16INK4A gene encodes 2 cell cycle regulator proteins, p16 and p14ARF, by alternative splicing. This genetic locus also contains another cell cycle regulator gene, p15INK4B, which encodes p15. The inactivation of the p16 protein has been demonstrated in some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs); however, the inactivation of the other 2 cell regulator proteins and their inactivation patterns are not well characterized.
Identification of a sixteen-microRNA signature as prognostic biomarker for stage II and III colon cancer

Despite advances in colon cancer research and novel therapies, high risk of recurrence remains a major challenge. This study reports miRNA expression profiling as a biomarker for the prognosis of TNM stage II and III colon cancer. Fresh frozen biopsies from the study cohort (N=111) were analyzed for miRNA by RT-qPCR and LASSO regression analysis was used to build a classifier of miRNAs. The prognostic accuracy was tested and the classifier was validated in an independent colon cohort (TCGA-COAD, N=209). The LASSO regression analysis identified a 16-miRNA signature including miR-143-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-31-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-30c-5p and miR-223-3p. A low 16-miRNA signature was associated with better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in the study cohort than a high signature (93 % versus 58 %; p< 0.001). The signature was an independent prognostic factor for better 5-year DFS in multivariate analyses (HR 21.4; 95% CI: 4.21-108.7; p< 0.001). The results in the validation cohort were consistent with the study cohort in univariate (77 % versus 65 %; p= 0.045) and multivariate analyses (HR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.04-3.89; p=0.039). We identified a 16-miRNA signature as a reliable prognostic biomarker for classification of colon cancer stage II and III patients into groups with low and high risk for recurrence.
Mutual-Information-Based Registration of TerraSAR-X and Ikonos Imagery in Urban Areas

The launch of high-resolution remote sensing satellites like TerraSAR-X, WorldView, and Ikonos has benefited the combined application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imageries tremendously. Specifically, in case of natural calamities or disasters, decision makers can now easily use an old archived optical with a newly acquired (postdisaster) SAR image. Although the latest satellites provide the end user already georeferenced and orthorectified data products, still, registration differences exist between different data sets. These differences need to be taken care of through quick automated registration techniques before using the images in different applications. Specifically, mutual information (MI) has been utilized for the intricate SAR-optical registration problem. The computation of this metric involves estimating the joint histogram directly from image intensity values, which might have been generated from different sensor geometries and/or modalities (e.g., SAR and optical). Satellites carrying high-resolution remote sensing sensors like TerraSAR-X and Ikonos generate enormous data volume along with fine Earth observation details that might lead to failure of MI to detect correct registration parameters. In this paper, a solely histogram-based method to achieve automatic registration within TerraSAR-X and Ikonos images acquired specifically over urban areas is analyzed. Taking future sensors into a perspective, techniques like compression and segmentation for handling the enormous data volume and incompatible radiometry generated due to different SAR-optical image acquisition characteristics have been rightfully analyzed. The findings indicate that the proposed method is successful in estimating large global shifts followed by a fine refinement of registration parameters for high-resolution images acquired over dense urban areas.
Integration of EFQM framework and quality information systems

The main purpose of this paper was to improve the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model through integrating the model and quality information systems. Despite the supportive role of information systems in quality management, this concept has not been included in any quality management model. This study attempts to fill this gap. In order to integrate the EFQM model and information systems, this research studies the relationships between the dimensions of information systems, including information flows and information technology (IT), and the criteria of the EFQM model. A structural model was proposed, including 26 causal hypotheses. The model not only explains interrelationships among EFQM criteria, but also illustrates the contributory impacts of both information flows and IT on the EFQM dimensions. Data were collected from 228 Iranian manufacturing SMEs by means of a structured questionnaire to examine the model using structural equation modelling. Results indicate that interrelationships among excellence criteria in Iranian manufacturing SMEs follow the assumptions of the EFQM model. Also, data accentuate the supportive effects of information flows and IT on different dimensions of the EFQM model. This study generates valuable information for managers to be benefitted from information systems in their quality management programme.
Vertical Integration in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry, 1900-1940

A transaction-cost model of vertical integration is tested, based on detailed descriptions of every pulp and paper mill operating in the United States between 1900 and 1940. This study contributes to the literature on integration through the use of a large, disaggregated database that allows identification of individual mills over time. Vertical integration of pulp and paper production is found to be positively associated with regional concentration, paper-mill capacity, and production of standardized grades of paper. Over time, new entrants behaved differently than established mills, because few mills switched between integration and specialization once established. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of medullary breast carcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature with emphasis on differential diagnosis

Medullary carcinoma is a rare variant of breast carcinoma with a relatively good clinical prognosis as strictly defined. Characteristic features on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) allow medullary carcinoma to be considered in the cytologic differential diagnosis. We present two FNAC cases with such features, including high cellularity with clusters and single intact malignant cells, bizarre stripped nuclei with prominent nucleoli in a lymphoplasmacytic background, and illustrate one case in liquid‐based preparation. Surgical excision revealed that one patient had medullary carcinoma, while the second patient had high‐grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Breast FNAC samples with syncytial fragments, bizarre nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate should raise the possibility of medullary carcinoma. However, the differential diagnosis also includes high‐grade ductal carcinoma, lymphoma, or metastasis to breast or intramammary lymph nodes; thus, histopathologic analysis is required for definitive diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:313–318. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the estimation of gestational age in cattle

Diagnoses of pregnancy were made on 110 Hereford cross Friesian and 69 blue grey (white shorthorn cross Galloway) cows between 92 and 202 days after last service using a real-time ultrasonic scanning instrument with a 3.5 MHz rectal transducer. Of the 174 cows which subsequently calved, one was wrongly diagnosed as non-pregnant. Of the five cows which did not subsequently calve two were diagnosed as pregnant and may in fact have been pregnant at the time of scanning. The overall level of accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was 98.3 per cent. In further trials with 16 Hereford cross Friesian and 16 blue grey cows scanned at regular intervals between 20 and 140 days of gestation, pregnancy was diagnosed with confidence from 30 days, and relationships were established whereby gestational age could be estimated from measurements of certain uterine and fetal dimensions. Crown-rump length provided the most precise estimate of gestational age (residual sd +/- 4.5 days) and uterine diameter the least (+/- 12.6 days) with head length and the diameters of trunk, head and nose being intermediate (+/- 6.9 to 8.7 days).
Peripheral nerve avulsion injuries as experimental models for adult motoneuron degeneration

We have used adult rat peripheral nerve avulsion models to evaluate the effects of neuroprotective molecules on motoneuron degeneration. The right facial nerves of adult Fischer 344 male rats were avulsed and adenoviral vectors encoding glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transforming growth factor‐β2 (TGFβ2), and growth inhibitory factor (GIF) were injected into the facial canal. The treatment with the vectors significantly prevented the loss of lesioned facial motoneurons, improved choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity and suppressed the induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in these neurons. In separate experiments, animals were orally administered a solution of a neuroprotective compound T‐588 after avulsion. Both free oral administration and oral tube administration of T‐588 improved the survival of injured motoneurons and ameliorated their ChAT immunoreactivity. These results indicate that the gene transfer of GDNF, BDNF, TGFβ2, and GIF and oral administration of T‐588 may prevent the degeneration of motoneurons in adult humans with motoneuron injury and motor neuron diseases.
Mobile Payment: An Exploratory Study of Customer Attitudes

Mobile payment is an application of mobile commerce which facilitates mobile commerce transactions by providing the mobile customer with a convenient means to pay. The paper presents the results of an exploratory study, which develops a research framework of constructs and relationships derived from existing models, and applies in order to explore empirically mobile payment (mPayment) adoption. Data are analyzed with respect to a set of hypothesized relationships between the framework constructs. The study demonstrates that the degree to which customers have been familiar with mPayment and their general awareness of the service may affect their attitude towards it. The results also show that both demographic characteristics such as income and lifestyle characteristics such as mobile phone spending may play a significant role as moderating factors in the relationships studied. The study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of mPayment adoption in the context of the sample, and identifies avenues for future work in the area.
Optimal Allocation of Time and Estimation of Market Wage Functions

Second-generation studies of wage determination are based on the observation that wages of employed workers are a biased sample of the true population values because of selectivity, and a well-known two-stage method to correct for selectivity bias has been proposed by Heckman (1976). The basic notion behind the second-generation approach is that, in a setting of optimal decision making, the individual's choice of market work or not conveys valuable information that can improve our ability to estimate market wage equations. In this paper, we extend second-generation studies by proposing that there is additional useful information for estimating market wage functions in knowing not only if participation occurs, but also knowing how many hours a person actually works in a household sector (as opposed to consuming "pure" leisure). Accordingly, we extend the conventional work-leisure model of labor supply to accommodate time devoted to household production and adopt an estimation technique that addresses simultaneously the issues of sample censoring and the joint determination of nonmarket returns and nonmarket time. It appears that the disentanglement of the effects of investments in human capital on market and nonmarket productivity lead to sizably higher labor market returns to schooling, tenure, and experience for women than those obtained by standard approaches.
Korean Marketing in China: An Exploratory Analysis of Strategy–Performance Relationships

The authors attempt to identify the types of marketing strategies that Korean marketers employ in China and investigate the strategies’ relationships with market performance. The authors expect Korean marketing strategies in China to differ from those of Western multinational corporations. Data were collected from surveys of managers of 86 Korean firms. The results identify four groups of firms with distinctive marketing strategies, including firms pursuing a localization strategy, those emphasizing product competitiveness, those pursuing a medium price–quality positioning strategy, and those passively selling quality products at high prices. In addition, the analysis suggests that Korean firms emphasizing product competitiveness have superior market performance, whereas firms pursuing localization show poor performance. Conversely, Korean firms pursuing the medium price–quality positioning strategy with an emphasis on value for money exhibit moderately good performance. Finally, the authors also discuss managerial implications pertaining to appropriate marketing strategies and tactics for Korean marketers.
WELFARE INTERVENTIONS IN FLATFISH RECIRCULATION AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND THEIR ECONOMICAL IMPLICATIONS

WELFARE INTERVENTIONS IN FLATFISH RECIRCULATION AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS AND THEIR ECONOMICAL IMPLICATIONS Oliver Schneider a , Edward Schram a , Jeoren Kals a , Jan van der Heul a , Markus Kankainen b & Henk van der Mheen a a IMARES, Yerseke, The Netherlands b Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Turku Game and Fisheries Research, Turku, Finland Version of record first published: 30 Nov 2012.
Fair Trade Learning: Ethical standards for community-engaged international volunteer tourism

The purpose of this paper is to articulate a set of ethical standards for international volunteer tourism. The standards are focused on promoting Fair Trade Learning (FTL) principles in the management and operation of volunteer programs. Because of the unique social mission, research, and evaluation capacities of higher education, we propose first applying these principles specifically to international volunteer programs operating at the university–community nexus. These standards have emerged through a collaborative, in-person, and online process during the last 2 years with input by numerous concerned global citizens, international education practitioners and researchers, nongovernmental organization representatives, and community members. The document shared below represents current “best practice” for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the negative impacts of volunteer tourism programs for both host communities and volunteers.
The representation of naïve knowledge about physics

Human beings rely on visual information to learn about the environment around them, construct representations of the world, and control their actions. By and large, humans are remarkably accurate when it comes to complex motor actions such as catching a baseball or hitting a target. In fact, the perceptual skills underlying such actions are not easily understood as they are far superior to any visual information processing capability of artificial systems constructed to date. In stark contrast to our excellent perception-action abilities, there are conditions under which humans make striking judgment errors that are at odds with the visual information experienced. We will describe some examples of such errors in a large proportion of the population suggesting that knowledge of the physical world is represented poorly in the cognitive domain. We will discuss some explanations for this phenomenon, and explore the implications for a scientific study of visual representations and interpretations.
Is Unemployment More Costly than Inflation?

Previous literature has found that both unemployment and inflation lower happiness. This paper extends the literature by looking at more countries over a longer time period. It also considers the impacts on happiness of GDP per capita and interest rates. I find, conventionally, that both higher unemployment and higher inflation lower happiness. Interest rates are also found to enter happiness equations negatively. Changes in GDP per capita have little impact on more economically developed countries, but do have a positive impact in the poorest countries -- consistent with the Easterlin hypothesis. I find that unemployment depresses well-being more than inflation. The least educated and the old are more concerned about unemployment than inflation. Conversely, the young and the most educated are more concerned about inflation. An individual's experience of high inflation over their adult lifetime lowers their current happiness over and above the effects from inflation and unemployment. Unemployment appears to be more costly than inflation in terms of its impact on wellbeing.
The politics of discretionary government commitments to European integration referendums

The article develops a two-dimensional typology of political reasons for governments to pledge referendums on European integration when they are not obliged to do so: the first dimension is about the political level at which the strategic use of referendum pledges is targeted and it distinguishes between domestic and European reasons; the second dimension attends to the strategic mode of governments when pledging EU referendums which can either be about avoiding political losses (the defensive mode) or about realizing political gains (the offensive mode). In combination, the typology yields four ideal types of reasons for governments to commit to EU referendums: the depoliticizing; plebiscitary; red-line; and internationalist EU referendum pledges. In the empirical analysis, the article applies this typology to classify 28 cases of discretionary government commitments to EU referendums and it presents the findings of an expert survey that has been conducted for this purpose.
Financing Behavior of Japanese Firms

This article tests the trade-off theory against the pecking-order theory of corporate financing behavior on a panel data set of publicly traded Japanese firms for 1964 to 2005. Comparing the explanatory powers for both the trade-off and the pecking-order models, we find the following. First, for the financing behavior of Japanese firms, the pecking-order model has much greater explanatory power than the trade-off model, while both models are still statistically significant. Second, running the quantile regressions, which allow for the non-normal conditional distribution of the dependent variable, the behavior of most Japanese firms is strongly consistent with the pecking-order prediction. In this sense, the financing behavior of most Japanese firms obeys the pecking-order theory, and this tendency holds for almost the entire period after 1964. The pecking-order theory has no well-defined optimal capital structure, and the meanings of interest tax shields or the costs of financial distress are assumed to be second-order. This means that the financing behavior of Japanese firms is driven mainly by the need for external funds, not by the adjustment to an optimal capital structure.
IPO Prospectus Information and Subsequent Performance

Initial public offerings underperform in the long run; however, there is very little evidence on their cross-sectional variation. Using a random sample of IPOs from 1987 through 1991 and gathering their prospectus data, we show that financial and operating characteristics as well as offering characteristics have a limited relation with the one-year stock returns. We also find that firms that subsequently reissue equity or merge outperform their matched-firm benchmarks over three years. Underperformance is most severe for the smaller and younger firms. We find that prospectus information is more useful to predict survival/failure compared to subsequent equity offerings or acquisitions.
The Internal-External Debt Ratio and Economic Growth

In this paper we examine the effects of the ratio of internal to external public debt on a country's economic growth. These effects are examined through a competitive, decentralized model of endogenous economic growth, which relies on public investments. Our findings show that as the internal-external public debt ratio increases, the public to private capital ratio increases which in turn positively affects the long run economic growth rate. The main conclusion of this paper is that the out flow of domestic capital which is needed to service external debt has unfavorable repercussions on an economy's long run steady state growth rate.
Selling Guatemala's next Green Revolution: agricultural modernization and the politics of GM maize regulation

Although genetically modified (GM) agriculture is posited as key for increasing food production, controversy has limited the global adoption of the technology. There has been little work, however, analysing the negotiation of biotechnology regulations in developing countries where disputes are related to different histories of agricultural change from the US and Europe. Guatemala is a key case to examine the relationship of biotechnology debates to the historical trajectory of Green Revolution technologies. While Mayan farmers increased maize yields by mixing local seeds with modern fertilizers, the Green Revolution exacerbated structural inequities underlying Guatemala's agrarian system and heightened political tensions during the country's civil war. This paper contends that biotechnology regulatory politics are integrally tied to concerns over heightening existing tensions between small-scale and industrialized farming systems as well as to more recent issues of seed patenting. The first section links contemporary agrarian issues in Guatemala to agricultural modernization during the 1960s and 1970s. I then focus on international biotechnology disputes before turning to Guatemalan debates over GM maize. With continued struggles over biotechnology knowledge, I further suggest ways to envision an agricultural revolution more closely aligned with the goals of sustainability and the needs of small-scale farmers.
Strategic Management of Product Recovery

A growing concern for durable product manufacturers is how to manage the products they manufacture when they reach their end of life (EOL). In part, this attention is motivated by a growing number of countries across Europe and East Asia that are enacting legislation that imposes greater responsibilities on manufacturers for managing their EOL products. Even in non-regulated markets, however, some manufacturers are engaging in product recovery to reduce production costs, enhance brand image, meet changing customer expectations, protect aftermarkets, and preempt pending legislation or regulations. This article explains when manufacturers should engage in product recovery efforts through partnerships, alliances, or vertical integration and when they should leave this task to independent firms. Technologies that enhance the productivity of product recovery, the level of uncertainty associated with reverse logistics, diverse manufacturing-related capabilities, the uniqueness of recovered assets, and the desire to avoid dependence on other organizations are key determinants that shape the industrial organization of EOL product recovery.