Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are nurse presenteeism and patient safety culture associated: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Working as a nurse involves great dedication and sacrifice: working night shifts, working overtime, and coming to work sick. The last is also known as presenteeism. Research has shown that poor nurse performance can affect both caregiver’s and patient’s safety. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether nurse presenteeism affected patient safety culture and to look deeper into the characteristics of nurse presenteeism and patient safety culture in Croatia. The study was conducted in one general hospital in Croatia over April and May 2012 and specifically targeted medical nurses as one of the largest groups of healthcare professionals. They were asked to fill two questionnaires: the six-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). We found no association between presenteeism and patient safety culture. Overall positive perception of safety was our sample’s strength, but other dimensions were positively rated by less than 65 % of participants. The lowest positive response concerned “nonpunitive response to error”, which is consistent with previous studies. Presenteeist nurses did not differ in their characteristics from nurses without presenteeism (gender, age, years of experience, working hours, contact with patients and patient safety grades). Our future research will have to include a broader healthcare population for us to be able to identify weak spots and suggest improvements toward high-quality and cost-effective health care. Sažetak Zanimanje medicinske sestre uključuje veliku predanost i požrtvovnost: medicinske sestre rade noćne smjene, rade prekovremeno i dolaze na posao i kada su bolesne. Naziv za ovu zadnju pojavu je prezentizam. Neka su istraživanja pokazala da smanjena radna sposobnost medicinskih sestara zbog bolesti može ugroziti sigurnost pružatelja zdravstvene usluge i bolesnika. Cilj ovog presječnog istraživanja bio je ispitati obilježja prezentizma i kulture bolesničke sigurnosti u medicinskih sestara u Hrvatskoj te utječe li njihov prezentizam na kulturu bolesničke sigurnosti. Istraživanje je provedeno u jednoj općoj bolnici u Hrvatskoj tijekom travnja i svibnja 2012. , i bilo je posebno ciljano prema medicinskim sestrama s obzirom na to da čine jednu od najvećih skupina zdravstvenih djelatnika. Ispitanici su zamoljeni da ispune dva upitnika: Stanfordsku ljestvicu prezentizma (SPS-6) i Upitnik o kulturi bolesničke sigurnosti u bolnici (HSOPSC). Nije nađena povezanost između prezentizma i kulture bolesničke sigurnosti. Najveći broj pozitivnih odgovora imala je dimenzija “Opća percepcija bolesničke sigurnosti”; ostale dimenzije imale su pozitivne odgovore ispod 65 %. Najmanji broj pozitivnih ocjena imala je dimenzija “Nekažnjavajući pristup neželjenom događaju”, što je u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima. U pogledu spola, dobi, godina iskustva, radnih sati, kontakata s bolesnicima i njihove sigurnosti, medicinske sestre s prezentizmom nisu se nimalo razlikovale od medicinskih sestara bez prezentizma.
Dermoscopy and the diagnostic challenge of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma.

I N THIS ISSUE OF THE ARCHIVES, MENZIES ET AL 1 analyze a large number of hypopigmented lesions to determine the most useful dermoscopic features for detection of amelanotic and hypomelanotic melanoma (AHM). Dermoscopy, which uses magnification with a glass plate and fluid or with cross-polarized lighting, improves diagnostic accuracy for pigmented lesions. For clinical observation without dermoscopy, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of AHM have been reported as 65% and 88%, respectively; however, dermoscopy improves sensitivity and specificity to 89% and 96%, respectively. For truly amelanotic melanomas, diagnosis depends critically on vascular patterns, which are visible only by dermoscopy.
Reversing chemoresistance of malignant glioma stem cells using gold nanoparticles

The low rate of survival for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma may be attributed to the existence of a subpopulation of cancer stem cells. These stem cells have certain properties that enable them to resist chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Herein, we show that temozolomide-loaded gold nanostructures are efficient in reducing chemoresistance and destroy 82.7% of cancer stem cells compared with a 42% destruction rate using temozolomide alone. Measurements of in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis indicate that combination with gold facilitated the ability of temozolomide, an alkylating drug, to alter the resistance of these cancer stem cells, suggesting a new chemotherapy strategy for patients diagnosed with inoperable recurrent malignant glioma.
Effect of cooking and vacuum packaging on chemical composition and sensory characteristics of white soft cheese.

The effect of coo kin g a n d vacuum packaging on weight, chemical compos ition and sensory characteris tics of white soft cheese was s tudied. Cheese was manufactured from pas teurized (72°C/ 1 min) milk, with the ad d it io n of 1% (w/w) s tarter culture (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris), 0.02%(w/w) CaCl2 and rennet (1 tablet / 100 lb milk). Curd was cut into small cubes and immersed in salted whey (4% NaCl) for 48 hr, and then cheese was d ivided into four parts , the firs t of which was left control, while the second, third and fourth trials were vacuum packaged in plas tic pouches . The third and fourth parts were cooked at 38°C and 40°C respectively, and all trials were s t ored at 5°C for 45 days . W eight, chemical compos ition and sensory characteris tics were determined on cheese. Results indicated that control cheese (no cookin g , no vacuum packaging) gained weight, while C0P1 los t more weight. Fat, protein, total solids , ash and acidity were high in cooked vacuum packaged cheese than control. Cooked vacuum packaged cheese had better flavour, tas te, body and overall acceptability.
Protist communities in a marine oxygen minimum zone off Costa Rica by 454 pyrosequencing

Abstract. Marine planktonic protists, including microalgae and protistan grazers, are an important contributor to global primary production and carbon and mineral cycles, however, little is known about their population shifts along the oxic-anoxic gradient in the water column. We used 454 pyrosequencing of the 18S rRNA gene and gene transcripts to study the community composition of whole and active protists throughout a water column in the Costa Rica Dome, where a stable oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) exists at a depth of 400~700 m. A clear shift of protist composition from photosynthetic Dinoflagellates in the surface to potential parasitic Dinoflagellates and Ciliates in the deeper water was revealed along the vertical profile at both rRNA and rDNA levels. Those protist groups recovered only at the rDNA level represent either lysed aggregates sinking from the upper waters or potential hosts for parasitic groups. UPGMA clustering demonstrated that total and active protists in the anoxic core of OMZ (550 m) were distinct from those in other water depths. The reduced community diversity and presence of a parasitic/symbiotic trophic lifestyle in the OMZ, especially the anoxic core, suggests that OMZs can exert a selective pressure on protist communities. Such changes in community structure and a shift in trophic lifestyle could result in a modulation of the microbial loop and associated biogeochemical cycling.
Common bile duct cannulation in the left lateral position during ERCP

It is well known that ERCP is usually performed with the patient in a prone or supine position. In this manner, a better view of the biliary and pancreatic radiological anatomy is displayed during fluoroscopy. The common bile duct (CBD) is on the left whereas the main pancreatic duct (MPD) is on the right part of the screen [Figure 1]. However, when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus both ducts can overlap or even be in a reverse position (MPD left, CBD right), which can be confusing for biliary guide wire (GW) cannulation. The left lateral position is sometimes chosen in patients with respiratory problems or to allow an easier progress of the duodenoscope to the duodenum.
OCAL S TABILITY OF A DVERSARIAL E XAMPLES

Neural networks’ lack of stability to “small” perturbations of the input signal is a topic of substantial interest. Recent work has explored a number of properties of these so-called adversarial examples (AE) in an attempt to further understand this phenomenon. The present work continues in this spirit and provides an explicit characterization of stability for AE derived from very small perturbations. We also suggest future directions for how this characterization might be used in practice to mitigate the impact of these AE.
Multiple Oscillatory Modes of the Argentine Basin. Part II: The Spectral Origin of Basin Modes

In this paper the spectrum of barotropic basin modes of the Argentine Basin is shown to be connected to the classical Rossby basin modes of a flat-bottom (constant depth), rectangular basin. First, the spectrum of basin modes is calculated for the Argentine Basin, by performing a normal-mode analysis of the barotropic shallow-water equations. Then a homotopy transformation is performed that gradually morphs the full-bathymetry geometry through a flat-bottom configuration into a rectangular basin. Following the eigenmodes through this transition establishes a connection between most of the basin modes and the classical Rossby basin modes of a rectangular geometry. In particular, the 20-day mode of the Argentine Basin is identified with the lowest-order mode of classical theory. Sensitivity studies show that the decay rate of each mode is controlled by bottom friction, but that it is insensitive to lateral friction; lateral friction strongly impacts the oscillation frequency. In addition, the modes are found to be only slightly sensitive to the presence of a background flow.
Is DNA ploidy related to smoking?

BACKGROUND In the oral cavity, genomic instability is caused by long-term exposure to carcinogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and DNA ploidy. METHODS Cytological material was obtained from patients participating in the Outpatient Smoking Treatment Program of the Heart Institute (INCOR-HCFMUSP), and of the Discipline of Oral Medicine (ICT-UNESP). The inclusion criteria for all groups were the absence of a history of malignant tumors, absence of clinical signs of changes in the selected area, and alcohol consumption of less than 3 units per week. Group 1:30 smokers before smoking cessation treatment; Group 2:30 non-smokers; Group 3:30 ex-smokers abstinent for at least 1 year. Cytological smears were collected from the floor of the mouth and border of the tongue and stained by Feulgen. Aneuploidy was evaluated using the ACIS® III system. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference (P = .4383) between the groups studied. No association between tobacco consumption and aneuploidy was observed in group 1 (P = 1) or group 2 (P = .68; Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION Smoking was not associated with changes in DNA content or the incidence of aneuploidy in normal oral mucosa.
More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas

Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. Loss of insect diversity and abundance is expected to provoke cascading effects on food webs and to jeopardize ecosystem services. Our understanding of the extent and underlying causes of this decline is based on the abundance of single species or taxonomic groups only, rather than changes in insect biomass which is more relevant for ecological functioning. Here, we used a standardized protocol to measure total insect biomass using Malaise traps, deployed over 27 years in 63 nature protection areas in Germany (96 unique location-year combinations) to infer on the status and trend of local entomofauna. Our analysis estimates a seasonal decline of 76%, and mid-summer decline of 82% in flying insect biomass over the 27 years of study. We show that this decline is apparent regardless of habitat type, while changes in weather, land use, and habitat characteristics cannot explain this overall decline. This yet unrecognized loss of insect biomass must be taken into account in evaluating declines in abundance of species depending on insects as a food source, and ecosystem functioning in the European landscape.
Cancer-Associated Stroke: The Bergen NORSTROKE Study

Background: Underlying malignancy can cause ischemic stroke in some patients. Mechanisms include the affection of the coagulation cascade, tumor mucin secretion, infections and nonbacterial endocarditis. The release of necrotizing factor and interleukins may cause inflammation of the endothelial lining, creating a prothrombotic surface that triggers thromboembolic events, including stroke. The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of cancer in patients who had recently suffered an ischemic stroke and to detect possible associations between stroke and cancer subtypes. Methods: All ischemic stroke patients registered in the Norwegian Stroke Research Registry (NORSTROKE) as part of the ongoing Bergen NORSTROKE study were included. Blood samples were obtained on admission. Stroke etiology was determined by the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria, and the severity of stroke was defined according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score. Information about cancer disease after stroke was obtained from patient medical records and The Cancer Registry of Norway. Results: From a total of 1,282 ischemic stroke patients with no history of cancer, 55 (4.3%) patients were diagnosed with cancer after stroke. The median time from stroke onset to cancer diagnosis was 14.0 months (interquartile range 6.2-24.5). Twenty-three (41.8%) patients were diagnosed with cancer within 1 year and 13 (23.6%) within 6 months. The most common cancer type was lung cancer (19.0%). By Cox regression analysis, cancer after stroke was associated with elevated D-dimer levels on admittance (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.01) and smoking (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Cancer-associated stroke is rare, and routine investigation for cancer seems unwarranted in acute ischemic stroke. However, in stroke patients with elevated levels of blood coagulation factors, C-reactive protein, higher age and a history of smoking, underlying malignancy should be considered. Our study suggests that an unknown stroke etiology does not predict malignancy.
The psychology of elite cycling: a systematic review

ABSTRACT This systematic review sought to synthesise what is currently known about the psychology of elite cycling. Nine electronic databases were searched in March 2017 for studies reporting an empirical test of any psychological construct in an elite cycling sample. Fourteen studies (total n = 427) met inclusion criteria. Eight studies were coded as having high risk of bias. Themes extracted included mood, anxiety, self-confidence, pain, and cognitive function. Few studies had similar objectives meaning that in many instances findings could not be synthesised in a meaningful way. Nevertheless, there was some cross-study evidence that elite cyclists have more positive mood states (relative to normative scores), pre-race anxiety impairs performance (among male cyclists), and associative strategies are perceived as helpful for pain management. Among single studies coded as having low risk of bias, evidence suggests that implicit beliefs affect decision making performance, elite cyclists are less susceptible to mental fatigue (than non-elite cyclists), and better leadership skills relates to greater social labouring. Limitations include non-standardisation of measures, lack of follow-up data, small sample sizes, and overall poor research quality. The findings of this systematic review might be used to inform research and theory development on the psychology of elite endurance cycling.
Considerations in establishing bioequivalence of inhaled compounds

ABSTRACT Introduction: Generic inhalers are often perceived as inferior to their branded counterparts; however, they are safe and effective if they can meet the regulatory requirements. The approach to assess bioequivalence (BE) in oral dosage form products is not sufficient to address the complexities of inhalational products (e.g., patient-device interface); hence, more considerations are needed and caution should be applied in determining BE of inhaled compounds. Areas covered: This review outlines the evaluation process for generic inhalers, explores the regulatory approaches in BE assessment, and highlights the considerations and challenges in the current in vitro and in vivo approaches (lung deposition, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic/clinical studies, and patient-device interface) for establishing BE of inhaled compounds. Expert opinion: The ultimate goals in this field are to establish uniformity in the regulatory approaches to speed the drug submission process in different regions, clear physicians’ misconception of generic inhalers, and have meaningful clinical endpoints such as improvement in patient quality of life when compared to placebo and brand name drugs. As inhalational drugs become more common for other indications such as antibiotics, the technologies developed for inhaled compounds in the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases may be extrapolated to these other agents.
Food composition and food cariogenicity factors affecting the cariogenic potential of foods.

Food Composition and Food Cariogenicity Factors Affecting the Cariogenic Potential of Foods Introduction The workshop participants decided not to discuss the main text of the paper presented by M.S. Ed-mondson and to declare it a personal opinion of the author. The recommendations in the paper, however, did form the basis of the discussion. Although the participants are aware of the close relationship of caries and erosion, it was decided to focus on caries alone. The word ‘food’ as used in the following was defined ‘as every dietary item including drinks’. (1) Recommendations to Dental Researchers (a) Lists of foods with no cariogenic potential should be drawn up according to the San Antonio criteria and made available to health care profes sionals. The cariogenic potential of foods should be established according to the San Antonio criteria. Arbitrary distinctions should not be made between low and high cariogenic potential foods because a ranking might prove to be misleadingly precise. The relative influence of dietary modification within the framework of preventive dental measures should be researched more fully. More research should be done to clarify the cariogenic potential of starch-containing foods. Further research should be done on the nature of cariostatic substances in certain foods. (0 Models for the study of anticariogenic foods need to be developed and a consensus reached about their application. (g) Models for the study of food and root caries need to be developed and a consensus reached about their application. (2) Recommendations to Dental Health Care Professionals Dietary advice should take into account the social circumstances and dietary habits that have led to an individual’s caries. Information should be based on foods as eaten and not solely on the carbohydrate substrate in the food, because a food’s composition is an inadequate guide for potential cariogenicity. For example: although sugars have more cariogenic potential than starches when tested as pure substrates, there is evidence that foods containing cooked starches can also have cariogenic potential. Dental advice on diet should not contradict general nutritional principles. The public should be encouraged to make dietary changes which will limit the frequency of intake of foods and drinks containing fermentable carbohydrate. This can be achieved by: reducing the frequency of such foods and drinks between main meals, especially those containing sugars and starches with cariogenic potential, or 76 Food Composition and Food Cariogenicity Factors Affecting the Cariogenic Potential of Food
Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Reinforced Cement Composites

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of uniformly dispersed graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on dynamic mechanical properties of cement based composites prepared with recycled fine aggregate (RFA). Three different amounts of GO, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20% in mass of cement, were used in the experiments. The visual inspections of GO nanosheets were also carried out after ultrasonication by transmission electron microscope (TEM) atomic force microscope (AFM), and Raman to characterize the dispersion effect of graphite oxide. Dynamic mechanical analyzer test showed that the maximum increased amount of loss factor and storage modulus, energy absorption was 125%, 53%, and 200% when compared to the control sample, respectively. The flexural and compressive strengths of GO-mortar increased up to 22% to 41.3% and 16.2% to 16.4% with 0.20 wt % GO at 14 and 28 days, respectively. However the workability decreased by 7.5% to 18.8% with 0.05% and 0.2% GO addition. Microstructural analysis with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)/backscattered mode (BSEM) showed that the GO-cement composites had a much denser structure and better crystallized hydration products, meanwhile mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) testing and image analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of GO in the composites can help in refining capillary pore structure and reducing the air voids content.
Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark

SUMMARY This study assesses the contribution of different sources of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark using two different source-attribution approaches. In total, 794 non-human isolates and 406 isolates from human cases (domestic, travel related, and cases with unknown travel history) were collected. Isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing, flaA typing and susceptibility to antibiotics. Both models used indicate that the major burden of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark originates from the domestic broiler chicken reservoir. The second most important reservoir was found to be cattle. The Asymmetric Island model attributed 52% [95% credibility interval (CrI) 37–67] to Danish chicken, 17% (95% CrI 3–33) to imported chicken, and 17% (95% CrI 7–28) to cattle. Similarly, the Campylobacter source-attribution model apportioned 38% (95% CrI 28–47) to Danish chicken, 14% (95% CrI 10–18) to imported chicken, and 16% (95% CrI 7–25) to cattle. The addition of flaA type as an extra discriminatory typing parameter did not change the attribution of cases markedly.