Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUBJECTIVITY AND STORY-TELLING IN JOURNALISM

This paper studies the role of subjectivity in the language of award-winning journalism. The paper draws on a content analysis of Pulitzer Prize-winning articles in a range of news categories between 1995 and 2011. The analysis indicates that despite the continued prominence of the ideal of objectivity in scholarly and journalistic debates, award-winning journalistic stories are in fact pervaded by subjective language in the form of what linguists refer to as “appraisals,” as well as the narrative construction of emotive appeals. The subjective language use of award-winning stories, however, does not straightforwardly or consistently undermine claims to objectivity. On that basis, the paper concludes that any binary oppositions between objectivity and subjectivity and, relatedly, emotionality and rationality, may be overly simplistic and obscure the complexities of journalistic story-telling.
Risk Factors for Clinical Phenotypes of Crohn's Disease of the Ileal Pouch

BACKGROUND:Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch can occur in patients with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) originally performed for a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. The clinical presentations of CD of the pouch are inflammatory, fibrostenotic, and fistulizing. Risk factors for clinical phenotypes of CD of the pouch have not been characterized.METHODS:A total of 78 eligible patients with CD of the pouch together with 294 nonselected non-CD patients with IPAA seen in the Pouchitis Clinic were enrolled, including 28 with inflammatory CD, 18 with fibrostenotic CD, and 32 with fistulizing CD. The clinical phenotypes of CD were diagnosed based on a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and histologic features. Three separate analyses were performed, and for each analysis, the outcome of interest was having one of the phenotypes versus not having it. A stepwise selection multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.RESULTS:In the multivariable analysis, the risk factor for inflammatory CD was higher afferent-limb endoscopy scores (hazard ratio [HR] 1.87 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54–2.27); the risk factors for fibrostenotic CD were higher afferent-limb (95% CI 1.81–3.48, HR 2.51) and higher cuff (95% CI 1.01–1.84, HR 1.36) endoscopy scores; and for fistulizing CD the risk factors were younger age (95% CI 0.93–0.99, HR 0.96), female gender (95% CI 1.35–6.97, HR 3.07), a preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate colitis (95% CI 1.72–9.34, HR 4.00), and no use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (95% CI 1.31–8.25, HR 3.28). CONCLUSIONS:Each of the three phenotypes of CD of the pouch was associated with certain risk factors, suggesting that each of these diseases has a different etiology and disease process. The identification and management of some of the modifiable risk factors may reduce CD-related morbidity.
Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Theory and Application

Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: A Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness and Relevant Evidence. Models of Forgiveness. A Biopsychosocial Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness. Evidence That Unforgiveness is a Stress Reaction. Emotion in the Stress-and-Coping Theory of Forgiveness. Evidence Supporting the Emotional Replacement Hypothesis. Part II: Personality Traits of Forgivers and Nonforgivers. Forgiveness and the Big Five Personality Traits. Dispositions Related to Unforgiveness and Forgiveness. Personality can be Changed. Part III: Clinical Applications to Promote Forgiveness and Reconciliation. A General Approach to Psychotherapy. Intervening Specifically to Promote Forgiveness. Intervening to Promote Forgiveness of Self. Intervening to Promote Reconciliation. Research Support for Helping People REACH Forgiveness. Promoting Forgiveness and Reconciliation Within Society. Conclusion: Forgiveness is not a Panacea. Appendix: What is Forgiveness? References. Index.
An optimal path controller minimizing longitudinal and lateral deviations after light collisions

This paper considers the problem of path control for a road vehicle immediately after it is disturbed by an initial light collision. Assuming that the driver cannot adequately control the vehicle during such an event, active chassis controls such as front steering and friction brakes are applied to minimize the risk and/or severity of a secondary impact, e.g. with roadside objects. Statistics have shown that traffic accidents where a vehicle suffers more than one collision comprise about 25% of all passenger car accidents. In this paper, the crash risk for secondary collisions is formulated via a cost function and an optimal controller is developed. The cost function may penalize both longitudinal and lateral deviations from the point of initial impact, and is assumed here to be a time-integrated quadratic function of position. For closed-loop implementation this is further approximated using a simple terminal velocity cost, the direction of which represents predicted locations of maximum risk/harm. A six-state quasi-linear path controller is developed using nonlinear optimal control theory. Example cases are presented, verifying approximate equivalency between cost functions and satisfactory control performance compared with independent open-loop numerical optimizations.
A View from the Foothills: Public Engagement among Early Career Researchers

This article argues that the incentives to spend time and resources engaging with non-academic groups are largely absent for early career researchers, who are usually focused on acquiring the essential elements of a good academic CV, namely publishing articles in peer-reviewed journals, gaining teaching experience and presenting papers at disciplinary conferences. As a result, early career researchers have little reason to undertake training in how to engage with non-academic groups, and institutions have no reason to make such training integral to a researcher's professional development. However, a survey of early career researchers in the UK conducted for this article shows that there is a definite appetite among researchers to undertake public engagement activities. But if public engagement is to become a routine part of a researcher's activities then the weight that potential employers afford to these endeavours needs to increase substantially.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Oncolysis of T Lymphocytes Requires Cell Cycle Entry and Translation Initiation

ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a candidate oncolytic virus that replicates and induces cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Although defects in the interferon antiviral response facilitate VSV oncolysis, other host factors, including translational and growth regulatory mechanisms, also appear to influence oncolytic virus activity. We previously demonstrated that VSV infection induces apoptosis in proliferating CD4+ T lymphocytes from adult T-cell leukemia samples but not in resting T lymphocytes or primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that remain arrested in G0. Activation of primary CD4+ T lymphocytes with anti-CD3/CD28 is sufficient to induce VSV replication and cell death in a manner dependent on activation of the MEK1/2, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway but not p38. VSV replication is specifically impaired by the cell cycle inhibitor olomoucine or rapamycin, which induces early G1 arrest, but not by aphidicolin or Taxol, which blocks at the G11S or G21M phase, respectively; this result suggests a requirement for cell cycle entry for efficient VSV replication. The relationship between increased protein translation following G0/G1 transition and VSV permissiveness is highlighted by the absence of mTOR and/or eIF4E phosphorylation whenever VSV replication is impaired. Furthermore, VSV protein production in activated T cells is diminished by small interfering RNA-mediated eIF4E knockdown. These results demonstrate that VSV replication in primary T lymphocytes relies on cell cycle transition from the G0 phase to the G1 phase, which is characterized by a sharp increase in ribogenesis and protein synthesis.
A 3D-Via Legalization Algorithm for 3D VLSI Circuits and its Impact on Wire Length

This paper studies the 3D-via placement problem for 3D circuits. We model the problem in such a way that 3D-vias are assigned to layers between the circuit tiers. The placement problem consists of placing the 3D-vias with no overlap with other 3D-vias in the same layer. Positions inside the net bounding box are preferred and wire length minimization is used as target function. We present a heuristic based on the Tetris legalization approach for the 3D-via legalization. Our experimental results show that the algorithm could accommodate the 3D-vias in such a way that wire length overhead is close to zero in easy instances and still very low for harder instances (in most of the cases it is less than 0.1% and it is less than 5% in all cases). Compared to an existing approach, it obtains similar results with orders of magnitude advantage on run time.
Perceived speech quality prediction for voice over IP-based networks

Perceived speech quality is the key metric for QoS in VoIP applications. Our primary aims are to carry out a fundamental investigation of the impact of packet loss and talkers on perceived speech quality using an objective method and, thus, to provide the basis for developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict speech quality for VoIP. The impact on perceived speech quality of packet loss and of different talkers was investigated for three modern codecs (G.729, G.723.1 and AMR) using the new ITU PESQ algorithm. Results show that packet loss burstiness, loss locations/patterns and the gender of talkers have an impact. Packet size has, in general, no obvious influence on perceived speech quality for the same network conditions, but the deviation in speech quality depends on packet size and codec. Based on the investigation, we used talkspurt-based conditional and unconditional packet loss rates (which are perceptually more relevant than network packet loss rates), codec type and the gender of the talker (extracted from decoder) as inputs to an ANN model to predict speech quality directly from network parameters. Results show that high prediction accuracy was obtained from the ANN model (correlation coefficients for the test and validation datasets were 0.952 and 0.946 respectively). This work should help to develop efficient, nonintrusive QoS monitoring and control strategies for VoIP applications.
Disrupted fat distribution and composition due to medium-chain triglycerides in mice with a β-oxidation defect.

BACKGROUND Because of the enhanced recognition of inherited long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders by worldwide newborn screening programs, an increasing number of asymptomatic patients receive medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplements to prevent the development of cardiomyopathy and myopathy. OBJECTIVE MCT supplementation has been recognized as a safe dietary intervention, but long-term observations into later adulthood are still not available. We investigated the consequences of a prolonged MCT diet on abdominal fat distribution and composition and on liver fat. DESIGN Mice with very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD(-/-)) were supplemented for 1 y with a diet in which MCTs replaced long-chain triglycerides without increasing the total fat content. The dietary effects on abdominal fat accumulation and composition were analyzed by in vivo (1)H- and (13)C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (9.4 Tesla). RESULTS After 1 y of MCT supplementation, VLCAD(-/-) mice accumulated massive visceral fat and had a dramatic increase in the concentration of serum free fatty acids. Furthermore, we observed a profound shift in body triglyceride composition, ie, concentrations of physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids dramatically decreased. (1)H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis and histologic evaluation of the liver also showed pronounced fat accumulation and marked oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Although the MCT-supplemented diet has been reported to prevent the development of cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy in fatty acid oxidation disorders, our data show that long-term MCT supplementation results in a severe clinical phenotype similar to that of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome.
Boosting Named Entity Recognition with Neural Character Embeddings

Most state-of-the-art named entity recognition (NER) systems rely on handcrafted features and on the output of other NLP tasks such as part-of-speech (POS) tagging and text chunking. In this work we propose a language-independent NER system that uses automatically learned features only. Our approach is based on the CharWNN deep neural network, which uses word-level and character-level representations (embeddings) to perform sequential classification. We perform an extensive number of experiments using two annotated corpora in two different languages: HAREM I corpus, which contains texts in Portuguese; and the SPA CoNLL-2002 corpus, which contains texts in Spanish. Our experimental results shade light on the contribution of neural character embeddings for NER. Moreover, we demonstrate that the same neural network which has been successfully applied to POS tagging can also achieve state-of-the-art results for language-independet NER, using the same hyperparameters, and without any handcrafted features. For the HAREM I corpus, CharWNN outperforms the state-of-the-art system by 7.9 points in the F1-score for the total scenario (ten NE classes), and by 7.2 points in the F1 for the selective scenario (five NE classes).
The impact of mixed negative bias temperature instability and hot carrier stress on single oxide defects

Even though transistors are rarely subjected to idealized bias temperature instability or hot carrier stress conditions in circuits, there is only a limited number of studies available on mixed bias temperature instability and hot carrier stress. Here we summarize the results of the first study of mixed negative bias temperature instability and hot carrier stress (drain stress voltage |VstrD|> 0 V and gate stress voltage |VstrD| ≥ |VDD|) at the single oxide defect level in nano-scale SiON pMOSFETs. We found that less defects contribute to a threshold voltage shift ΔVth during recovery and thus to the recoverable degradation than would be expected from a simple electrostatic model. Time-dependent defect spectroscopy measurements show that even defects at the source side of the oxide can remain neutral after mixed negative bias temperature instability and hot carrier stress although they are fully charged after homogeneous negative bias temperature instability stress. As a consequence, they do not contribute to a ΔVth drift after mixed negative bias temperature instability and hot carrier stress. We show that this unexpected reduction in the defect's occupancy can be consistently explained by non-equilibrium processes induced by the large drain voltage such as impact ionization.
Long‐ and short‐haired Weimaraner dogs represent two populations of one breed

Weimaraners represent an old breed of hunting dogs. Today, two coat types are commonly distinguished, the more common short‐hair (SH) and the long‐hair (LH) variety, the latter having arisen from the SH Weimaraners. In order to analyze genetic variation in the coat varieties, we genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ABCA4 gene locus as well as six highly variable microsatellites scattered over the canine genome in the SH and LH populations. Three out of nine SNPs showed two alleles, allelic frequencies at two of these polymorphic sites differed significantly between SH and LH Weimaraners. Haplotype diversities for the three informative SNPs revealed higher estimates for the SH (0.515) than for the LH variety (0.364). In addition, two of six microsatellite markers showed significant differences in allelic frequencies between SH and LH Weimaraners. Unexpectedly, genetic diversities for all but one microsatellite were greater in LH than in SH Weimaraners. Similarly, the mean intra‐individual genetic distance based on microsatellite markers was more pronounced in the LH population (0.62 for SH vs. 0.65 for LH) suggesting again closer genetic relationships among SH than LH Weimaraners. Taken together, the results of SNP analysis can be interpreted as reflections of early breed development whereas microsatellites mirror rather recent breeding strategies in the Weimaraner populations.
Running in a minimalist and lightweight shoe is not the same as running barefoot: a biomechanical study

Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in running mechanics that occur when highly trained runners run barefoot and in a minimalist shoe, and specifically if running in a minimalist shoe replicates barefoot running. Methods Ground reaction force data and kinematics were collected from 22 highly trained runners during overground running while barefoot and in three shod conditions (minimalist shoe, racing flat and the athlete's regular shoe). Three-dimensional net joint moments and subsequent net powers and work were computed using Newton-Euler inverse dynamics. Joint kinematic and kinetic variables were statistically compared between barefoot and shod conditions using a multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures and standardised mean differences calculated. Results There were significant differences between barefoot and shod conditions for kinematic and kinetic variables at the knee and ankle, with no differences between shod conditions. Barefoot running demonstrated less knee flexion during midstance, an 11% decrease in the peak internal knee extension and abduction moments and a 24% decrease in negative work done at the knee compared with shod conditions. The ankle demonstrated less dorsiflexion at initial contact, a 14% increase in peak power generation and a 19% increase in the positive work done during barefoot running compared with shod conditions. Conclusions Barefoot running was different to all shod conditions. Barefoot running changes the amount of work done at the knee and ankle joints and this may have therapeutic and performance implications for runners.
Trust Mediates Conservation-Related Behaviors

Abstract In this article we explore the influence that a perceived connection between a natural resource management agency and individual citizens has upon conservation-related behaviors on public lands, offering an extension of psychology's examination of environmental behaviors. Our emphasis is upon perceived value similarity and resulting trust between citizens and the USDA Forest Service, defined through the salient values similarity model. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of four studies examining public views on threatened and endangered species management on forest lands, we explore the hypothesis that trust will influence public engagement in conservation-related behaviors. We offer evidence suggesting that trust influences perceptions of messages the USDA Forest Service provides regarding risks to habitat, perception of recommended approaches to addressing environmental risk, acceptance of management actions to reduce environmental risks, and engagement of publics in conservation efforts.
Blood Feeding and Insulin-like Peptide 3 Stimulate Proliferation of Hemocytes in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

All vector mosquito species must feed on the blood of a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Multiple cycles of blood feeding also promote frequent contacts with hosts, which enhance the risk of exposure to infectious agents and disease transmission. Blood feeding triggers the release of insulin-like peptides (ILPs) from the brain of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which regulate blood meal digestion and egg formation. In turn, hemocytes serve as the most important constitutive defense in mosquitoes against pathogens that enter the hemocoel. Prior studies indicated that blood feeding stimulates hemocytes to increase in abundance, but how this increase in abundance is regulated is unknown. Here, we determined that phagocytic granulocytes and oenocytoids express the A. aegypti insulin receptor (AaMIR). We then showed that: 1) decapitation of mosquitoes after blood feeding inhibited hemocyte proliferation, 2) a single dose of insulin-like peptide 3 (ILP3) sufficient to stimulate egg production rescued proliferation, and 3) knockdown of the AaMIR inhibited ILP3 rescue activity. Infection studies indicated that increased hemocyte abundance enhanced clearance of the bacterium Escherichia coli at lower levels of infection. Surprisingly, however, non-blood fed females better survived intermediate and high levels of E. coli infection than blood fed females. Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for the insulin signaling pathway in regulating hemocyte proliferation. Our results also indicate that blood feeding enhances resistance to E. coli at lower levels of infection but reduces tolerance at higher levels of infection.
Human resource management development and strategic management enhanced by simulation exercises

In order to meet the challenges of the marketplace, senior management needs to ensure that an organisation employs highly skilled and well‐motivated staff, and there is a commitment to establishing a learning organisation. Simulation exercises can be used to develop the skill base of individual employees and corporate mentoring can be used to both retain and stimulate junior managers who are keen to progress through the organisation's hierarchy. This paper makes reference to a human resource management development and strategic management framework that can be used to develop a pro‐active approach to decision making. Such a framework will allow junior managers to develop a holistic awareness and appreciation of the organisation, and will provide a basis for consensus decision making. It will also foster diversity and enhance the process of communication in a multi‐cultural work environment.
The whiteness of green: Racialization and environmental education

Numerous research studies have explored how institutions such as schools are produced as white spaces. Whiteness is a socio-spatial process that constitutes particular bodies as possessing the normative, ordinary power to enjoy social privilege. Within the Canadian colonial context, whiteness has been produced historically through the violent confiscation of land and resources from Indigenous Peoples. This violence has been silenced through grand narratives of Canadian “tolerance,” and white-settler fantasies of the Canadian landscape as empty and wild. Many environmental education programs continue to rely upon and reproduce these colonial ideas of race and space. Escaping the classroom, Canadian environmental education programs propose to advance personal and educational decolonization through experiential land-based learning. Integrating the discussions in anti-racist, anti-colonial education with the literature on race and nature, this qualitative article draws from student interviews and artefacts to interrogate how whiteness continues to be normalized within environmental education through various dominant narratives of Canadian nation building, such as: the disaffiliation of whiteness from the violence of colonialism, reifying Canadianness as goodness and innocence; the ongoing erasure of Indigenous Peoples and histories from the land; and the reification of wilderness as an essentialized, empty space. These narratives continue to entitle white people to occupy and claim originary status in Canada, signifying wilderness and the environment as a white space.