Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Object Identification Using Optical Video Cameras on Construction Sites

Abstract: Visual recording devices such as video cameras, CCTVs, or webcams have been broadly used to facilitate work progress or safety monitoring on construction sites. Without human intervention, however, both real‐time reasoning about captured scenes and interpretation of recorded images are challenging tasks. This article presents an exploratory method for automated object identification using standard video cameras on construction sites. The proposed method supports real‐time detection and classification of mobile heavy equipment and workers. The background subtraction algorithm extracts motion pixels from an image sequence, the pixels are then grouped into regions to represent moving objects, and finally the regions are identified as a certain object using classifiers. For evaluating the method, the formulated computer‐aided process was implemented on actual construction sites, and promising results were obtained. This article is expected to contribute to future applications of automated monitoring systems of work zone safety or productivity.
Efficiency Measurement via Revealed Thresholds, Without Knowing Valuations

Laboratory experiments employing an induced-values methodology often report on allocative efficiencies observed. That methodology requires experimenters know subjects’ motivations precisely, questionable in labs, impossible in field experiments. Allocative efficiency implies a hypothetical costless aftermarket would be inactive. An allocation mechanism’s outcome is defined to be behaviorally efficient if an appropriate aftermarket is actually appended to the mechanism and measures at most a negligible size of remaining mutually beneficial gains. Methodological requirements for an appropriate aftermarket are specified. A first demonstration observes more frequent and ex-ante larger behavioral inefficiencies in second- than in first-price auctions. A simple field demonstration indicates when a public-good increase can be observed to cover marginal cost to subjects’ mutual benefit, without knowing valuations. A wide variety of empirical economic-policy studies can utilize this methodology to observe comparative evidence of alternative policies’ allocativeefficiency shortfalls.
Optimum Design of Composite Laminates against Delamination by Ranking

In this paper, we describe a method for the optimum design of fibre rein forced composite laminates against delamination. The software developed based on this method designs laminates so that they are not susceptible to delamination when subjected to a bi-cubic distribution of inplane and/or bending loads. The laminated plate which is made of repeated sublaminates is assumed to be thin and of symmetric construction. Various layup schemes are evaluated based on the classical plate theory and quadratic delamination criterion for the interlaminar stresses developed in the laminate under load ing conditions. The optimum layup sequence which exhibits the least propensity to delaminate and the number of sublaminates required are obtained Further, a ply-drop round-off scheme is adopted to arrive at an optimum laminate thickness. As an example, a family of 0/90/45/—45 bi-directional lamination schemes are examined for different types of loads and the gains in optimising the ply orientations in a sublaminate are demon strated.
Adaptive network coding for scheduling real-time traffic with hard deadlines

We study adaptive network coding (NC) for scheduling real-time traffic over a single-hop wireless network. To meet the hard deadlines of real-time traffic, it is critical to strike a balance between maximizing the throughput and minimizing the risk that the entire block of coded packets may not be decodable by the deadline. Thus motivated, we explore adaptive NC, where the block size is adapted based on the remaining time to the deadline, by casting this sequential block size adaptation problem as a finite-horizon Markov decision process. One interesting finding is that the optimal block size and its corresponding action space monotonically decrease as the deadline approaches, and the optimal block size is bounded by the "greedy" block size. These unique structures make it possible to narrow down the search space of dynamic programming, building on which we develop a monotonicity-based backward induction algorithm (MBIA) that can solve for the optimal block size in polynomial time. Since channel erasure probabilities would be time-varying in a mobile network, we further develop a joint real-time scheduling and channel learning scheme with adaptive NC that can adapt to channel dynamics. We also generalize the analysis to multiple flows with hard deadlines and long-term delivery ratio constraints, devise a low-complexity online scheduling algorithm integrated with the MBIA, and then establish its asymptotic throughput-optimality. In addition to analysis and simulation results, we perform high fidelity wireless emulation tests with real radio transmissions to demonstrate the feasibility of the MBIA in finding the optimal block size in real time.
Complete duplication of the ureter with ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney: imaging findings.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to identify the radiographic signs that aid in the diagnosis of obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction of the lower pole (or moiety) of the kidney in children with complete duplication of the ureter and to describe the imaging appearance of this unusual cause of lower-pole hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 16 children (11 boys and five girls) with complete ureteral duplication and ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney over a 5-year period. standard criteria for determining urinary tract obstruction were used. RESULTS Sonograms showed a lower-pole abnormality (hydronephrosis or cystic mass) in all 15 children who underwent sonography. Voiding cystourethrography, performed for all children, showed vesicoureteral reflux into the lower pole in addition to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in eight children (seven boys and one girl). For the other eight, the diagnosis of lower-pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction was made by excretory urography, at times complemented with diuretic renography or retrograde ureterography. CONCLUSION Ureteropelvic junction obstruction of the lower pole of the kidney in children with complete duplication of the ureter should be a diagnostic consideration when there is dilatation of the lower moiety. Imaging changes parallel those of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a nonduplicated system. This anomaly, unlike others seen in duplication, appears to be more common in boys than in girls.
Apoptosis related genes expressed in cultured Fallopian tube epithelial cells infected in vitro with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

BACKGROUND Infection of the Fallopian tubes (FT) by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo) can lead to acute salpingitis, an inflammatory condition resulting in damage primarily to the ciliated cells, with loss of ciliary activity and sloughing of the cells from the epithelium. Recently, we have shown that Ngo infection induced apoptosis in FT epithelium cells by a TNF-alpha dependent mechanism that could contribute to the cell and tissue damage observed in gonococcal salpingitis. AIM To investigate the apoptosis-related genes expressed during apoptosis induction in cultured FT epithelial cells infected in vitro by Ngo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, we used cDNA macroarrays and real time PCR to identify and determine the expression levels of apoptosis related genes during the in vitro gonococci infection of FT epithelial cells. RESULTS Significant apoptosis was induced following infection with Ngo. Macroarray analysis identified the expression of multiple genes of the TNF receptor family (TNFRSF1B, -4, -6, -10A, -10B and -10D) and the Bcl-2 family (BAK1, BAX, BLK, HRK and MCL-1) without differences between controls and infected cells. This lack of difference was confirmed by RT-PCR of BAX, Bcl-2, TNFRS1A (TNFR-I) and TNFRSF1B (TNFR-II). CONCLUSION Several genes related to apoptosis are expressed in primary cultures of epithelial cells of the human Fallopian tube. Infection with Ngo induces apoptosis without changes in the pattern of gene expression of several apoptosis-related genes. RESULTS strongly suggest that Ngo regulates apoptosis in the FT by post-transcriptional mechanisms that need to be further addressed.
Fluorescence Lifetimes of Drusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize fundus autofluorescence lifetimes of retinal drusen in patients with AMD. Methods Patients with AMD and retinal drusen and healthy controls of similar age were examined. A fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope was used. Retinal autofluorescence was excited using a 473-nm pulsed laser, and fundus autofluorescence lifetimes of the central retina (30°) were measured in two distinct spectral channels (short: 498 to 560 nm [SSC]; long: 560 to 720 nm [LSC]). Mean retinal autofluorescence lifetimes, corresponding fundus autofluorescence intensity images, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, color fundus images, and clinical data were investigated. Patients were analyzed in two distinct groups (soft drusen and reticular pseudodrusen) and compared with control subjects. Results Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with AMD and retinal drusen (age: mean ± SD, 78 ± 8.5 years; range, 59 to 94 years) were investigated and compared with a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Mean retinal autofluorescence lifetimes in patients with AMD was significantly prolonged compared with the healthy control eyes (mean ± SEM: SSC, 486 ± 18 vs. 332 ± 11 ps, P < 0.0001; LSC: 493 ± 9 vs. 382 ± 17 ps, P < 0.0001). Areas of drusen featured a wide range of fluorescence lifetime values. Long lifetimes were identified in areas of atrophy and in areas of intraretinal hyperreflective deposits. Short lifetimes corresponded to deposits within the photoreceptor outer segment band. Conclusions Mean retinal autofluorescence lifetimes in AMD patients are significantly prolonged. Intraretinal deposits cause prolonged lifetimes, whereas deposits in the area of the outer photoreceptor segments lead to short fluorescence lifetimes.
Simultaneous Modification Support based on Code Clone Analysis

Maintaining software systems becomes more difficult as their size and complexity increase. One factor that makes software maintenance more difficult is the presence of code clones. A code clone is defined as a code fragment occurring more than once in identical or similar form into a software system. For example, the presence of code clones is a big factor of overlooking some places that should be modified simultaneously. One technique that helps the number of code clones is refactoring. There are several research efforts that provide support to refactor code clones, but unfortunately some code clones cannot or should not be refactored (ex. stereotyped process, absence of abstraction functionality, performance enhancement). In order to support maintaining the consistency among code clones, we propose a simultaneous modification support method. Given a software system, firstly, a maintainer identifies a code fragment that must be modified. Then, only the code clones between the identified code fragment and the source files of the software system are detected. We developed a simultaneous modification support tool, Libra, and applied it to open source software systems. The results showed that Libra was a good searching tool as much as grep, which is a useful tool of UNIX.
In Vivo Differences between Two Optical Isomers of Radioiodinated o-iodo-trans-decalinvesamicol for Use as a Radioligand for the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter

Purpose To develop a superior VAChT imaging probe for SPECT, radiolabeled (-)-OIDV and (+)-OIDV were isolated and investigated for differences in their binding affinity and selectivity to VAChT, as well as their in vivo activities. Procedures Radioiodinated o-iodo-trans-decalinvesamicol ([125I]OIDV) has a high binding affinity for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) both in vitro and in vivo. Racemic [125I]OIDV was separated into its two optical isomers (-)-[125I]OIDV and (+)-[125I]OIDV by HPLC. To investigate VAChT binding affinity (Ki) of two OIDV isomers, in vitro binding assays were performed. In vivo biodistribution study of each [125I]OIDV isomer in blood, brain regions and major organs of rats was performed at 2,30 and 60 min post-injection. In vivo blocking study were performed to reveal the binding selectivity of two [125I]OIDV isomers to VAChT in vivo. Ex vivo autoradiography were performed to reveal the regional brain distribution of two [125I]OIDV isomers and (-)-[123I]OIDV for SPECT at 60 min postinjection. Results VAChT binding affinity (Ki) of (-)-[125I]OIDV and (+)-[125I]OIDV was 22.1 nM and 79.0 nM, respectively. At 2 min post-injection, accumulation of (-)-[125I]OIDV was the same as that of (+)-[125I]OIDV. However, (+)-[125I]OIDV clearance from the brain was faster than (-)-[125I]OIDV. At 30 min post-injection, accumulation of (-)-[125I]OIDV (0.62 ± 0.10%ID/g) was higher than (+)-[125I]OIDV (0.46 ± 0.07%ID/g) in the cortex. Inhibition of OIDV binding showed that (-)-[125I]OIDV was selectively accumulated in regions known to express VAChT in the rat brain, and ex vivo autoradiography further confirmed these results showing similar accumulation of (-)-[125I]OIDV in these regions. Furthermore, (-)-[123I]OIDV for SPECT showed the same regional brain distribution as (-)-[125I]OIDV. Conclusion These results suggest that radioiodinated (-)-OIDV may be a potentially useful tool for studying presynaptic cholinergic neurons in the brain.
Acoustic microscopy of elastic discontinuities

In the reflection-scanning acoustic microscope, interference fringes may be obtained from cracks and grain boundaries running at an angle to the surface. The periodicity of these fringes suggests that while sometimes they are caused by reflection of longitudinal waves within the specimen, when the feature is approximately normal to the surface, Rayleigh waves are responsible, and this confirms the dominant role played by Rayleigh waves in the contrast in acoustic microscopy. The variation of contrast with defocus may be expressed as a Fourier transform of the reflectance function of a specimen; oscillations in V(z) then arise as the transform of the change in phase around the Rayleigh angle. When Rayleigh waves strike a surface-breaking discontinuity, they may be strongly reflected even though the discontinuity is much less than a wavelength thick. This enables fine cracks and other features which would not be resolved according to conventional criteria to be revealed very clearly in acoustic micrographs.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Reduced Pulmonary Vascular Expression of Type II Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor

Background—Mutations in the type II receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR-II), a receptor member of the transforming growth factor-&bgr; (TGF-&bgr;) superfamily, underlie many familial and sporadic cases of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Methods and Results—Because the sites of expression of BMPR-II in the normal and hypertensive lung are unknown, we studied the cellular localization of BMPR-II and the related type I and II receptors for TGF-&bgr; by immunohistochemistry in lung sections from patients undergoing heart-lung transplantation for PPH (n=11, including 3 familial cases) or secondary pulmonary hypertension (n=6) and from unused donor lungs (n=4). In situ hybridization was performed for BMPR-II mRNA. Patients were screened for the presence of mutations in BMPR2. In normal lungs, BMPR-II expression was prominent on vascular endothelium, with minimal expression in airway and arterial smooth muscle. In pulmonary hypertension cases, the intensity of BMPR-II immunostaining varied between lesions but involved endothelial and myofibroblast components. Image analysis confirmed that expression of BMPR-II was markedly reduced in the peripheral lung of PPH patients, especially in those harboring heterozygous BMPR2 mutations. A less marked reduction was also observed in patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension. In contrast, there was no difference in level of staining for TGF-&bgr;RII or the endothelial marker CD31. Conclusions—The cellular localization of BMPR-II is consistent with a role in the formation of pulmonary vascular lesions in PPH, and reduced BMPR-II expression may contribute to the process of vascular obliteration in severe pulmonary hypertension.
Parametric Bounded Model Checking for UML ?

The paper presents a SAT-based approach to Bounded Model Checking of systems specified in UML. Contrary to other UML verification tools we do not exploit any of the existing model checkers as we do not translate UML specifications into their input formalisms. Instead we directly encode an unfolding of a UML system as a propositional formula. Then, the conjunction of this formula and a propositional translation of a property to be tested is checked for satisfiability using a SAT-solver. This paper builds upon our previous work on model checking of UML systems. The original contribution is twofold. The UML subset considered is extended with fork and join pseudostates along with a new type of a trigger reacting to change events. The properties tested can be now expressed in PRTECTL (parametric extension of the existential fragment of CTL). The method has been implemented as the tool BMC4UML and several experimental results are presented.
Robot Map Similarity Evaluation for Non-Identical Maps

When several robots explore the same environment, it is at some point necessary to merge their local maps into a global map to exploit the full potential of the robot team. Efficient multi-robot task coordination is virtually impossible without a common interpretation of the environment. If there is no information available about the relative positioning of the robots or if this information is uncertain, the evaluation of the map merging result is a vital step in the creation of a global map. The proposed map similarity evaluation offers a way to successfully evaluate the similarity of occupancy grid maps that are not locally identical.
Catastrophic chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination in plants

Genome instability is associated with mitotic errors and cancer. This phenomenon can lead to deleterious rearrangements, but also genetic novelty, and many questions regarding its genesis, fate and evolutionary role remain unanswered. Here, we describe extreme chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination, a process resulting from hybridization of Arabidopsis plants expressing different centromere histones H3. Shattered chromosomes are formed from the genome of the haploid inducer, consistent with genomic catastrophes affecting a single, laggard chromosome compartmentalized within a micronucleus. Analysis of breakpoint junctions implicates breaks followed by repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or stalled fork repair. Furthermore, mutation of required NHEJ factor DNA Ligase 4 results in enhanced haploid recovery. Lastly, heritability and stability of a rearranged chromosome suggest a potential for enduring genomic novelty. These findings provide a tractable, natural system towards investigating the causes and mechanisms of complex genomic rearrangements similar to those associated with several human disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.06516. 001
Reduced synthesis of Sindbis virus negative strand RNA in cultures treated with host transcription inhibitors

Host cell involvement in Sindbis virus (SB) RNA synthesis was examined in cells which had been treated before infection with actinomycin D or alpha-amanitin (alpha-A). Overall synthesis of SB RNA was reduced significantly in CHO cells treated for 18 h before infection with alpha-A. However, SB RNA was produced at near normal levels in CHOama-1 cells, a line which contains an alpha-A-resistant RNA polymerase II. In BHK or CHO cells infected with SBamr, a mutant which replicates normally in cells pretreated with either actinomycin D or alpha-A, viral RNA synthesis was not decreased. The levels of negative strand RNA and of replicative forms I, II, and III in SB-infected cells were progressively reduced with increasing times of pretreatment with host transcription inhibitors, indicating fewer functional replicative intermediates in treated cells. Replicative events after replicative intermediate formation also were inhibited but only to the extent predicted by the reduction in replicative intermediates. Similarly, events preceding negative strand synthesis, adsorption, penetration, uncoating, and translation of nonstructural proteins, apparently were not impeded in treated cells. Therefore, our results are consistent with the involvement of a host component after translation of the nonstructural proteins but before or during the synthesis of SB negative strand RNA.
The degrees-of-freedom of multi-way device-to-device communications is limited by 2

A 3-user device-to-device (D2D) communications scenario is studied where each user wants to send and receive a message from each other user. This scenario resembles a 3-way communication channel. The capacity of this channel is unknown in general. In this paper, a sum-capacity upper bound that characterizes the degrees-of-freedom of the channel is derived by using genie-aided arguments. It is further shown that the derived upper bound is achievable within a gap of 2 bits, thus leading to an approximate sum-capacity characterization for the 3-way channel. As a by-product, interesting analogies between multi-way communications and multi-way relay communications are concluded.
Runtime Detection of the Concurrency Property in Asynchronous Pervasive Computing Environments

Runtime detection of contextual properties is one of the primary approaches to enabling context-awareness in pervasive computing scenarios. Among various properties the applications may specify, the concurrency property, i.e., property delineating concurrency among contextual activities, is of great importance. It is because the concurrency property is one of the most frequently specified properties by context-aware applications. Moreover, the concurrency property serves as the basis for specification of many other properties. Existing schemes implicitly assume that context collecting devices share the same notion of time. Thus, the concurrency property can be easily detected. However, this assumption does not necessarily hold in pervasive computing environments, which are characterized by the asynchronous coordination among heterogeneous computing entities. To cope with this challenge, we identify and address three essential issues. First, we introduce logical time to model behavior of the asynchronous pervasive computing environment. Second, we propose the logic for specification of the concurrency property. Third, we propose the Concurrent contextual Activity Detection in Asynchronous environments (CADA) algorithm, which achieves runtime detection of the concurrency property. Performance analysis and experimental evaluation show that CADA effectively detects the concurrency property in asynchronous pervasive computing scenarios.