Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beating time?: the resistance, reproduction and representation of older women in teacher education (UK)

Drawing on in-depth interviews with seven older women who teach teachers, this paper explores some of the dilemmas that shape and pattern their working worlds, specifically in relation to age and issues of ageism. While the paper will start from the words and experiences of these women, the intention is to foreground three theoretical concerns. First, the paper explores the ways in which older women repudiate discourses of ageism. The point here is to demonstrate that while (some/many) older women are ‘objectified’ through their age, others (middle-class professionals in particular perhaps) have some capacity to challenge this and reject a pathological account of themselves. Second, and contradictorily, the paper seeks to tease out the ‘uncomfortable’ ways in which discourses of ageism may well be reproduced and performed by older women as they seek to distance themselves from ‘others’ who they see as caught up in stereotyped age-positions. Third, the paper questions the very real research dilemmas involved in the problematics of representations; how can bits of data, short spoken accounts, be used to ‘represent’ the lives of these older women? Holding this paper together is the fact that all the data have been collected from women who work in teacher education (in the UK). Teacher education is a feminized and gendered division of labour, where men occupy most of the senior positions and thus are in a position to ‘sculpt’ the sector. Older women who teach teachers work in a complex cultural occupation setting where their sex, class and previous teaching experience positions them in a subordinate position. As they become older, what does all this mean for them?
Assessing Object Relations and Social Cognition in Borderline Personality Disorders from Stories Told to the Picture Arrangement Subtest of the WAIS-R

This study used the stories subjects told to the Picture Arrangement subtest of the WAIS-R to assess five dimensions of object relations and social cognition in borderlines, major depressives, and normals. Borderline subjects were distinguished by more malevolent representations of relationships and a lower capacity to invest emotionally in relationships and moral standards. The pattern of findings in this study converges with the results of recent investigations using different forms of narrative data to suggest a number of cognitive and affective processes that may underlie the interpersonal pathology of patients with borderline personality disorder.
Sleep bruxism: Current knowledge and contemporary management

Bruxism is defined as the repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by the clenching or grinding of teeth. It can be categorized into awake and sleep bruxism (SB). Frequent SB occurs in about 13% of adults. The exact etiology of SB is still unknown and probably multifactorial in nature. Current literature suggests that SB is regulated centrally (pathophysiological and psychosocial factors) and not peripherally (morphological factors). Cited consequences of SB include temporomandibular disorders, headaches, tooth wear/fracture, implant, and other restoration failure. Chairside recognition of SB involves the use of subjective reports, clinical examinations, and trial oral splints. Definitive diagnosis of SB can only be achieved using electrophysiological tools. Pharmacological, psychological, and dental strategies had been employed to manage SB. There is at present, no effective treatment that “cures” or “stops” SB permanently. Management is usually directed toward tooth/restoration protection, reduction of bruxism activity, and pain relief.
Respiratory manifestations in late-onset Pompe disease: a case series conducted in Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe respiratory function in a series of patients with late-onset Pompe disease after the definitive diagnosis and before enzyme replacement therapy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients with a definitive molecular diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease. The data analyzed included age at symptom onset; age at definitive diagnosis; type of initial symptoms; time from symptom onset to diagnosis; FVC in the sitting and supine positions; six-minute walk distance; and locomotor ability. Analyses were carried out using frequencies, medians, minimum values, and maximum values. Results: Six patients were included in the study. The median age at symptom onset was 15 years (range, 13-50 years), and the median age at diagnosis was 39.5 years (range, 10-64 years). The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 8 years (range, 0-45 years). In all cases, the initial manifestation of the disease had been motor weakness. The median FVC in percentage of the predicted value (FVC%) in the sitting and supine positions was 71.0% (range, 22.9-104.6%) and 58.0% (range, 10.9-106.9%), respectively. The median ΔFVC% was 24.5% (range, −4.59 to 52.40%). The median six-minute walk distance was 391.7 m (range, 97-702 m) . Conclusions: In this case series, the time from symptom onset to diagnosis was long. Although respiratory signs or symptoms were not the initial manifestations of the disease, 66.7% of the patients showed reduced FVC% in the sitting and supine positions at diagnosis.
Identification and Visualization of the Intellectual Structure in Graphene Research

After discovering the promising properties of graphene, the research in the field is attracting large grants and sponsors with an exponential rise in the number of papers and applications. This paper presents a global map of graphene research and its intellectual structure through the terms of more than 50,000 documents extracted from Scopus database from 1998 to 2015. The unit of analysis has been the descriptors (including Authors keywords and Indexed keywords) and its co-occurrence, using fractional counting, as unit of measure. The main research lines identified are: Fundamental Research, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications, Technology and Devices, Material Sciences, Energy Storage, Optics and Chemical Properties and Sensors. Using overlay maps we show the graphen research of USA, Europe-28, China and their evolution through longitudinal maps, comparing them. USA begins leading the world output in graphene, but is surpassed by China in 2011 and Europe in 2014, as a result of stimulus policies and financial support. The output of China is so intense from that year on, that it is difficult to understand the recent world scientific production in graphene without its participation, marking the research trends in some cases. We believe that this information may be very useful for the scientific community involved in this field as it reflects a large-scale analysis how research has changed over time, and for helping policimakers in research planning. This study is moreover intended to offer a useful tool for the graphene scientific community, revealing at a glance the main research lines. The methodology can be replicated in any other field of science to explore its intellectual structure and its evolution.
Development of additional autoimmune diseases in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE In view of the recognised clustering of autoimmune diseases (AID), the chronology of development of other autoimmune diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was considered. METHODS A retrospective review of a well documented population of 215 patients with SLE was undertaken. The duration of follow up ranged from 2 to 18 years. RESULTS Of these 215 patients, 65 (30%) had at least one other AID—including 51 (24%) having one other AID, 12 (6%) having two and two (1%) having three other AID in addition to their SLE. Twelve different autoimmune diseases were identified. The majority of patients developed a further AID after SLE had been diagnosed (62%) reflecting the relatively early age of onset of SLE. There was no significant difference in the age of onset of rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and hypothyroidism that had developed before SLE compared with those who developed these diseases after SLE. However, those who developed autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) before SLE were significantly younger than those who developed AITP after SLE (16.7 v38.7 years respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physicians caring for SLE patients should remain alert to the possible development of a second AID during follow up. Further well matched case-control studies are required to define the exact relation between SLE and other AID.
Male Athletes and the Cult(ure) of Thinness in Sport

Although female emaciators and anorexics in sport have received considerable academic attention as a deviant population of athletes (Atkinson 2008; Grieve 2007), researchers have only recently attended to the onset and development of self-starvation or weight minimization programs among male athletes (Hargreaves and Tiggemann 2006; Papathomas and Lavallee 2006). The bulk of academic literature on eating pathologies among male (or female) athletes fails to account for many of the complex sociocultural processes involved in learning an emaciator's habitus (Bourdieu 1984; Elias 2004). Qualitative, open-ended interviews were conducted with 73 male athletes in 9 different sports to inspect the social–psychological genesis of the emaciator's habitus. Interviews focused on the role of exogenous to sport influences on eating behaviors and body attitudes, and endogenous influences on body regimen habituated as normative, rather than pathological, within specific sport cultures. Findings suggest that males who emaciate: (1) express rather socioeconomic and rational–scientific attitudes about the body as a site of controlled and disciplined work; (2) have life histories of, and phenomenological preferences for, being thin; (3) are socially insulated within sport cultures saturated by groupthink-replete nutrition ideologies; (4) attach significant cultural and personal meaning to social display inner-restraint and emotional control; (5) possess strong bonds with parents and coaches; and (6) generally express low thresholds of shame and guilt tolerance toward their risky behaviors.
Leading and Next-to-Leading Order Gluon Polarization in the Nucleon and Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetries from Open Charm Muoproduction

The gluon polarisation in the nucleon was measured using open charmproduction by scattering 160 GeV/c polarised muons off longitudinally polarisedprotons or deuterons. The data were taken by the COMPASS collaboration between2002 and 2007. A detailed account is given of the analysis method that includesthe application of neural networks. Several decay channels of D^0 mesons areinvestigated. Longitudinal spin asymmetries of the D meson productioncross-sections are extracted in bins of D^0 transverse momentum and energy. Atleading order QCD accuracy the average gluon polarisation is determined as(Delta g/G)^LO=-0.06 +/- 0.21 (stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.) at the scale ~13(GeV/c)^2 and an average gluon momentum fraction ~ 0.11. For the first time,the average gluon polarisation is also obtained at next-to-leading order QCDaccuracy as (Delta g/G)^NLO = -0.13 +/- 0.15 (stat.) +/- 0.15 (syst.) at thescale ~ 13 (\GeV/c)^2 and ~ 0.20.
Measuring Small Group Process

Research on group therapy typically defines one dimension of the therapeutic process (i.e., cohesion, feedback, self-disclosure) in space or evolving through time. As a result, little is learned regarding the interconnectedness, relatedness, or interaction of these important dimensions of what is occurring within the group. In recent years, the articulation of chaos theory-the science of process rather than of state-has unfolded andfound application in the behavioral sciences. In this article, central principles underlying chaos theory are described and the mathematics of chaos are applied to interaction from a short-ternm psychotherapy group. Differences in the pattern of complexity inherent in interactions of group members werefound in the individual sessions when compared to the group as a whole.
Peripheral metabolic actions of leptin

The ob gene product, leptin, is produced predominantly in adipose tissue. In ob/ob mice, a mutation in the ob gene prevents normal leptin production and results in a phenotype characterized by obesity and diabetes (Zhang et al. 1994). Daily injections of recombinant leptin to ob/ob mice inhibit food intake and reduce body weight and fat mass (Campfield et al. 1995; Halaas et al. 1995; Pelleymounter et al. 1995). This treatment also normalizes the blood glucose concentration and reduces the plasma insulin concentration of ob/ob mice (Pelleymounter et al. 1995). It was possible that the changes in glycaemia and insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice given leptin might be a simple consequence of the antiobesity action. However, in pair-feeding studies, infusion of leptin not only resulted in a greater reduction in body fat than in the pair-fed mice, but the reduction in the plasma insulin concentration was much greater than that produced by an equivalent reduction in food intake (Levin et al. 1996). These findings suggested to us that leptin might have direct effects on a number of peripheral tissues associated with energy metabolism, including the endocrine pancreas and skeletal muscle. The leptin receptor (OB-R) is the product of the diabetes (db) gene (Chen et al. 1996; Lee et al. 1996) and was initially isolated as a complementary DNA (cDNA) from the choroid plexus cDNA library, encoding an 894 amino acid cell surface receptor which includes a hydrophobic signal sequence (Tartaglia et al. 1995). Structurally, OB-R is related to the class I cytokine receptor family, which includes gp 130, the common signal transducing chain for interleukin-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor a-chain and the granulocyte colony-stimulatory factor. However, the interleukin-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor and granulocyte colony-stimulatory factor receptors all contain sequence motifs in the cytoplasmic domain that are required for interaction with janus kinase (JAK) and signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT), whilst the OB-R from the choroid plexus lacks such a sequence. Further investigation showed that there are multiple isoforms of the OB-R, and a long form of the receptor (OB-Rb) was identified in the hypothalamus. It contained a long cytoplasmic domain of 302 amino acids, including consensus docking sites for JAK and STAT (Chen et al. 1996; Lee etal. 1996). The different isoforms of OB-Ra and OB-Rb are generated by alternative splicing, and additional short carboxyl terminal splice variants (OB-Rc, OB-Rd) and a soluble isoform lacking a transmembrane domain (OB-Re) have been identified also. The importance of the OB-Rb isofomi in the action of leptin was demonstrated by the finding of a point mutation (G + T transversion) in dh/db mice which results in a new splice donor site and, hence, a premature termination of translation (Chen et al. 1996; Lee et al. 1996). This truncated OB-R (db) isoform lacks the sequence motif required for JAK and STAT interaction and so db/db mice do not respond to leptin.
Optimizing outcomes in damage control resuscitation: identifying blood product ratios associated with improved survival.

BACKGROUND Despite recent attention and impressive results with damage control resuscitation, the appropriate ratio of blood products to be transfused has yet to be defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether suggested blood product ratios yield superior survival rates. MATERIALS After IRB approval, a retrospective evaluation was performed on all trauma exsanguination protocol (TEP, n = 118) activations from February 1, 2006 to July 31, 2007. A comparison cohort (pre-TEP, n = 140) was selected from all trauma admissions between August 1, 2004 and January 31, 2006 that (1) underwent immediate surgery by the trauma team and (2) received greater than 10 units of PRBC in the first 24 hours. We then compared those who received FFP:RBC (2:3) and platelet:RBC (1:5) ratios with those who did not reach these ratios. Multivariate analysis was performed for independent predictors of mortality. RESULTS A total of 259 patients were available for study. Patients receiving FFP:RBC at a ratio of 2:3 or greater (n = 64) had a significant reduction in 30-day mortality compared with those who received less than a 2:3 ratio (n = 195); 41% versus 62%, p = 0.008. Patients receiving platelets:RBC at a ratio of 1:5 or greater (n = 63) had a lower 30-day mortality when compared with those with who received less than this ratio (n = 196); (38% vs. 61%, p = 0.001). Regression model demonstrated that a ratio of FFP to PRBC is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, controlling for age and TRISS (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.01-3.14). CONCLUSIONS Increased FFP:PRBC and PLT:PRBC ratios during a period of massive transfusion improved survival after major trauma. Massive transfusion protocols should be designed to achieve these ratios to provide maximal benefit.
Disturbance of Calcium Metabolism by Anticonvulsant Drugs

A survey of calcium metabolism in epileptic patients in a residential centre showed a subnormal serum calcium level in 22·5% of patients and a raised alkaline phosphatase in 29%. Hypocalcaemia was related to high dosage of anticonvulsant drugs, to multiple drug therapy, and to the use of individual anticonvulsant drugs in the following order, with decreasing order of importance: pheneturide, primidone, phenytoin, phenobarbitone. Subnormal serum calcium levels occurred more commonly in patients with a raised liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme than in those whose phosphatase was mainly of bone origin. Preliminary results of treatment with calciferol suggested that the disturbance of calcium metabolism was the result of vitamin D deficiency. It is possible that anticonvulsant drugs accelerate the breakdown of vitamin D by liver enzyme induction.
Determinanten und Effekte sinngetreuer Nutzung von Learning Management Systemen

IT-Unterstutzung im Lernprozess ist ein Schlusselfaktor fur den Er- folg innovativer Lehr-/Lernszenarien. Notwendige Voraussetzung hierfur ist die sinngetreue Nutzung von Learning Management Systemen (LMS) durch den Lernenden, um den Lernerfolg in innovativen Lehr-/Lernszenarien sicherzustel- len. Dennoch gibt es bislang kaum Erkenntnisse, was die sinngetreue Nutzung von LMS beeinflusst. Im ersten Schritt werden daher, aufbauend auf den Er- kenntnissen der adaptiven Strukturationstheorie, Einflussfaktoren auf die sinn- getreue Nutzung von LMS identifiziert und in ein theoretisches Modell einge- bettet. Im zweiten Schritt wird dieses Modell als Strukturgleichungsmodell ope- rationalisiert und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene IT-Unterstutzung, Interaktivitat und der Task Technology Fit die sinngetreue Nutzung eines LMS signifikant beeinflussen. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die sinngetreue Nutzung ein signifikanter Pradiktor fur die Qualitat des Lernprozesses und den Lernerfolg darstellt. Damit leistet dieses Paper einen theoretischen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Diskussion des IT-unterstutzten Lernprozesses und einen praktischen Beitrag, indem Implikationen fur den Ein- satz von LMS abgeleitet werden.
Breaking the Final Glass Ceiling: The Influence of Gender in the Elections of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and Michelle Bachelet

The article extends the limited literature on women national leaders by providing a comparative study of two popularly elected women presidents: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf in Liberia and Michelle Bachelet in Chile. Both Bachelet and Johnson-Sirleaf rose to power in situations that lacked the circumstances identified by current literature as mitigating gendered barriers to national leadership: neither woman was connected to politically powerful families, they were elected in presidential systems, and they were elected in countries that lag behind regional leaders in terms of women's political inclusion. This comparison reveals important similarities in how both Bachelet and Johnson-Sirleaf incorporated gender into their campaign strategies. Both women pursued electoral strategies that combined attempts to confront gendered disadvantages and to take advantage of specific gendered opportunities present within their political contexts. Both women drew upon their personal biographies, highlighting their education and careers, and political experience to demonstrate that they had the traditionally masculine traits associated with political leadership. In addition, they also strategically appealed to gendered beliefs about women's unique capabilities and strengths and linked these perceived strengths to pressing political issues in both countries. Our study thus demonstrates the continuing salience of gender, even as its influence becomes more flexible and complex.
Collective Action Without Organization: The Material Constitution of Bike Commuters as Collective

This study uses a novel situation of organizing, bicycle commuting, to develop an argument regarding the requirements for collective action and increased autonomy for the material in constituting organizations. We found that through individual material and spatial practices, bike commuters constitute themselves as a collective, making their presence known and creating possibility for change. However, bike commuters’ discourses indicate that they do not experience a collective identity or sense of community of practice. We use this study to extend two areas of theory. First, we suggest that collective action can take place without organization or organizing: individual activities can aggregate to have an effect even if they are not officially coordinated or members do not acknowledge membership in a collective. Second, we suggest that this example moves beyond previous work on the communicative constitution of organizations to suggest that the material can constitute a collective, even without human, discursive recognition of it.
Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome components in Mexican adults without type 2 diabetes or hypertension.

OBJECTIVE To describe the number of Mexican adults with undiagnosed diabetes and arterial hypertension and their association with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included a sub-sample of 6 613 subjects aged 20 years or more who participated in the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2006). Subjects with a previous diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension (n=1 861) were excluded. Prevalences and standard errors were estimated, taking into account the complex sample design. RESULTS 6.4 million adults have obesity and undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose. Almost two million more have fasting glucose levels diagnostic for diabetes. As for arterial blood pressure, 5.4 million adults had prehypertension. Another 5.4 million adults had blood pressure levels suggestive of probable hypertension. A total of 21.4 million Mexican adults with obesity had at least one further component of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of adults with obesity-related metabolic comorbidities remains undiagnosed in Mexico.