Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Preserves Stemness and Prevents Differentiation of Prostate Stem Cells from the Basal Compartment*

Background: FGF signaling controls development and regeneration of the prostate. However, its role in prostate stem cells is not clear. Results: FGFR2 in basal prostate stem cells (P-bSCs) controls their self-renewal and differentiation. FGFR2 deficiency in P-bSCs impaired postnatal development of the prostate. Conclusion: FGFR2 signaling maintains P-bSC stemness. Significance: The findings suggest a novel avenue to manipulate P-bSC self-renewal and dormancy. Prostate stem cells (P-SCs) are capable of giving rise to all three lineages of prostate epithelial cells, which include basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine cells. Two types of P-SCs have been identified in both human and mouse adult prostates based on prostasphere or organoid cultures, cell lineage tracing, renal capsule implantation, and expression of luminal- and basal-specific proteins. The sphere-forming P-SCs are from the basal cell compartment that express P63, and are therefore designated as basal P-SCs (P-bSCs). Luminal P-SCs (P-lSCs) express luminal cytokeratins and Nkx3.1. Herein, we report that the type 2 FGF receptor (FGFR2) signaling axis is crucial for preserving stemness and preventing differentiation of P-bSCs. FGFR2 signaling mediated by FGFR substrate 2α (FRS2α) is indispensable for formation and maintenance of prostaspheres derived from P63+ P-bSCs. Ablation of Fgfr2 in P63+ cells in vitro causes the disintegration of prostaspheres. Ablation of Fgfr2 in vivo reduces the number of P63-expressing basal cells and enriches luminal cells. This suggests a basal stem cell-to-luminal cell differentiation. In addition, ablation of Fgfr2 in P63+ cells causes defective postnatal development of the prostate. Therefore, the data indicate that FGFR2 signaling is critical for preserving stemness and preventing differentiation of P-bSCs.
Alleviating Loneliness among Frail Older People – Findings from a Randomised Controlled Trial

Loneliness among frail older people predicts increased use of health services, early institutionalisation and increased mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a new rehabilitation model on loneliness among frail older people. This randomized controlled multi-centre trial with a 12-month follow-up was implemented in Finland. A total of 708 community-dwelling people aged 65+ years with progressively decreasing functional capacity participated. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 343) or to the control group (n = 365). The intervention consisted of a network-based group rehabilitation programme designed for frail older people. A 0.9-fold decrease in the proportion of participants feeling lonely was observed in the intervention group and a 1.1-fold increase in the control group. The results suggest that a physically orientated rehabilitation programme may reduce emotional loneliness.
The 1995 Rugby World Cup and the politics of nation-building in South Africa

The 1995 Rugby World Cup was held in South Africa just one year after the country's first democratic elections. Throughout the tournament, the importance of competition victory for the South African team — playing under the banner of `One Team, One Nation' and endorsed by President Mandela — was articulated by the team, the local media, politicians and by its supporters in terms of its centrality to the project of nation-building. This discourse dominated all others. What made this articulation of the event all the more remarkable was the historic connection of the game with Afrikaner popular culture and with the political interests of the previous apartheid regime. Drawing on Dyan and Katz's (1992) model of the `media event', the article examines the processes behind this attempt to rearticulate the meaning of `South African rugby' away from narrow, race-specific interests towards those of the newly elected non-racial ANC-led government's nation-building project.
Risk factors for postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: a pooled cross-sectional analysis

Objectives To identify common factors associated with post-neonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria. Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional data of three Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) for the years 2003, 2008 and 2013 were used. A multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling method was used to gather information on 63 844 singleton live-born infants of the most recent birth of a mother within a 5-year period before each survey was examined using cox regression models. Main outcome measures Postneonatal mortality (death between 1 and 11 months), infant mortality (death between birth and 11 months), child mortality (death between 12 and 59 months) and under-5 mortality (death between birth and 59 months). Results Multivariable analyses indicated that children born to mothers with no formal education was significantly associated with mortality across all four age ranges (adjusted HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.66 for postneonatal; HR=1.38, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.84 for infant; HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.89 for child; HR=1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41 for under-5). Other significant factors included living in rural areas (HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.89 for postneonatal; HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.47 for infant; HR=1.52, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.99 for child; HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.50 for under-5), and poor households (HR=2.47, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.47 for postneonatal; HR=1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.78 for infant; HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.49 for child; HR=1.43, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.76 for under-5). Conclusions This study found that no formal education, poor households and living in rural areas increased the risk of postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality among Nigerian children. Community-based interventions for reducing under-5 deaths are needed and should target children born to mothers of low socioeconomic status.
N170 Reveals the Categorical Perception Effect of Emotional Valence

As an important attribute of facial expression, emotional valence has been well explored, but its processing mechanisms remain ambiguous. Investigating the categorical perception (CP) of emotional valence might help uncover the objective basis of the subjective dichotomy of emotional valence and identify the stage at which this processing of valence information might occur. A judgment task was used in the current study with stimuli from the within- or between-category condition, in which participants were required to decide whether two presented faces showed the same emotion. The results of the behavioral experiment revealed a significant CP effect of emotional valence, with faster RTs and greater accuracy for the between- than for the within-category stimuli. In the ERP experiment, the N170 (peaking at approximately 150–170 ms) was found to reflect the CP effect of emotional valence, with a larger amplitude for the within- than for the between-category condition. In contrast, the P1 component (peaking at approximately 100–130 ms) was insensitive to the CP effect of emotional valence. These results reveal the existence of the CP of emotional valence and indicate that the N170 is its earliest electrophysiological index. Therefore, the categorization of emotional valence not only has an objective neural basis but occurs at a relatively early stage of processing.
Field Quality and Fabrication Analysis of HQ02 Reconstructed Nb3Sn Coil Cross Sections

The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) quadrupole HQ02 was designed and fully tested as part of the low-beta quad development for Hi-Lumi LHC. HQ02's design is well documented with full fabrication accounting along with full field analysis at low and high current. With this history, HQ02 is an excellent test bed for developing a methodology for measuring turn locations from magnet cross sections and comparing with CAD models and measured field. All four coils of HQ02 were cut in identical locations along the magnetic length corresponding to magnetic field measurement and coil metrology. A real-time camera and coordinate measuring equipment was used to plot turn corners. Measurements include systematic and random displacements of winding blocks and individual turns along the magnetic length. The range of cable shifts and the field harmonic range along the length are in agreement, although correlating turn locations and measured harmonics in each cross section is challenging.
Electrophysiological and inotropic characterization of a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, GLG-V-13, in the mammalian heart.

GLG-V-13, a novel 3,7-diheterabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane, was examined both in vivo and in vitro to characterize its electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and inotropic properties. In anesthetized guinea pigs, GLG-V-13 [0.5-500 micrograms/kg intravenously (i.v.), n = 6] lengthened the epicardial monophasic action potential (MAP) duration, the atrioventricular (AV) conduction time and the RR interval in a dose-dependent manner. At the highest dose, these variables were increased by 30, 13, and 23%, respectively. No significant effects were noted on QRS duration or blood pressure (BP). In rabbit atrial and papillary muscle preparations, GLG-V-13 (0.32-3.2 mg/L) did not exert a negative inotropic action and in isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes the agent blocked the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr, EC50 = 48 micrograms/L). In 10 intact anesthetized mongrel dogs, the left ventricular (LV) endocardial MAP was measured during atrial pacing before and after administration of GLG-V-13 (3 and 6 mg/kg i.v.). As compared with the drug-free state, the agent induced a significant prolongation of the MAP at all pacing frequencies (2.0-4.5 Hz). In 15 anesthetized dogs studied 1-4 days after two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), the antiarrhythmic/proarrhythmic potential of GLG-V-13 was compared with that of lidocaine. ECG, His bundle, LV (IZepi), and composite and normal zone composite electrograms were recorded. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) and burst pacing (4.0-7.0 Hz) were delivered to the right ventricular outflow tract. In the drug-free state, sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) was inducible in 6 dogs (6 of 15). After lidocaine, SMVT was induced in 7 other dogs (13 of 15). GLG-V-13 prevented induction of SMVT in 5 of 6 dogs; a proarrhythmic action was noted in 1 dog only. GLG-V-13 slowed the heart rate (HR), increased the AH and the HV intervals, prolonged the paced (2.5 Hz) QT interval, and increased the ventricular effective refractory period (VERP). These effects were associated with 2:1 block of late potentials in the IZepi electrograms, a phenomenon also observed during rapid atrial pacing (2.5-3.5 Hz), suggestive of a marked prolongation of refractoriness in the ischemically damaged myocardium. In light of the recent Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) study, the antiarrhythmic efficacy, together with the low proarrhythmic potential and lack of cardiodepressant properties of GLG-V-13, may merit further investigation of this novel class III antiarrhythmic agent.
Chapter 11: Issues in Meta-Analysis

A decade ago Gene Glass coined the term meta-analysis in his presidential address to the annual meeting of the American Education Research Association. He defined meta-analysis as "the statistical analysis of a large collection of analysis results from individual studies for the purpose of integrating the findings" (1976a, p. 3). Since 1976 literally hundreds of reviews have been conducted using meta-analytic methodology and dozens of other papers have presented refinements of that methodology. In this chapter, I use the term "meta-analysis" in a broad sense to connote any literature review that makes explicit use of quantitative methods to express the results of studies or to combine those results across studies. This usage seems consistent with Glass's original intent and with the current usage of the term in many areas of social, biological, and medical sciences. It is, however, somewhat less restrictive than the more detailed prescriptions offered by Glass and his associates (Glass, McGaw, & Smith, 1981) or, for example, by Hunter, Schmidt, and Jackson (1982). The broad definition has the advantage of including all relevant activity while obviating unprofitable debates (e.g., over orthodoxy, that is, about the infinitesimal details of what is and what is not a real meta-analysis). This broad conception of metaanalysis also serves clearly to identify meta-analysis as a variety of research review, specifically a research review that involves the use of quantitative methods. This is particularly appropriate since much of the discussion about meta-analyses applies equally well to any research review. There are now seven books about procedures for conducting metaanalyses. One of these (Fricke & Treines, 1985) is in German, but the others
Undergraduate Tourism and Hospitality Students Attitudes Toward a Career in the Industry: A Preliminary Investigation

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and perceptions of current undergraduate tourism and hospitality students in Australia toward careers in the industry. The study is exploratory and based on a quantitative approach. Areas that students have concerns over include respondent's relationship with their managers, promotion opportunities, career paths, and the pay and conditions offered within the industry. Possibly the most alarming finding to come out of this study is that more than 50% of respondents are already contemplating careers outside the industry. Of those with work experience in the industry, 43.6% claim that they will not work in the tourism and hospitality industry after graduation, with 96.3% of these respondents' citing working experience in the industry as the main reason for this decision.
Sooner and healthier: a randomised controlled trial and interview study of an early discharge rehabilitation service for older people.

BACKGROUND Hospitals are under pressure from admissions of increasing numbers of older people. Older people may suffer unnecessary activity limitation after acute illnesses through lack of appropriate rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate an early discharge and rehabilitation service for older people. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial comparing an early discharge and rehabilitation with standard hospital aftercare. Outcome measures assessed at 3 and 12 months were the Barthel Index, Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living and EuroQol (for patients) the General Health Questionnaire (for patients and carers). Use of services over 12 months was recorded. An interview study of patients and staff was conducted. SETTING AND INTERVENTION The early discharge and rehabilitation service offered a home-based rehabilitation and care programme for up to 4 weeks. PARTICIPANTS 370 hospitalised older medical and surgical patients were included in the randomised controlled trial. Twenty patients and 11 staff were interviewed. RESULTS Subjects in the early discharge rehabilitation service group used fewer days in hospital at 3 months (mean difference 9, median difference 4 days, 95% CI of median difference 2-8). At 3 months the early discharge and rehabilitation service patients had better Barthel scores (mean difference 1.2, 95% CI 0.4-1.9), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living kitchen scores (mean difference 1.2, 95% CI 0.2-2.3), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living domestic scores (mean difference 1.1, 95% CI 0.2-2.0) and General Health Questionnaire scores (mean difference 2.4, 95% CI 0.7-4.1). Significant Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living domestic and General Health Questionnaire benefits remained at 12 months. The early discharge and rehabilitation service carers had better General Health Questionnaire scores at 3 months (mean difference 2.0, 95% CI 0.1-3.8). The interviews suggested that the early discharge and rehabilitation service was patient-centred, set clear goals, worked as a team, and considered physical, psychological, social and environmental issues. It was found to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Some older people can be discharged from hospital sooner, with better health outcomes using a well-staffed and organised patient-centred early discharge service providing rehabilitation.
BIN1 Membrane Curvature Sensing and Generation Show Autoinhibition Regulated by Downstream Ligands and PI(4,5)P2

In striated muscles, invaginations from the plasma membrane, termed transverse tubules (T-tubule), function in the excitation–contraction coupling machinery. BIN1 (isoform8) plays a critical role in the biogenesis of T-tubules. BIN1 contains an N-terminal BAR domain to sense and induce membrane curvature, an isoform8-specific polybasic motif (exon10) as the phosphoinositide binding module and a C-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain for the recruitment of downstream proteins such as dynamin 2. Previous studies of N-BAR domains focused on elucidating mechanisms of membrane curvature sensing and generation (MC-S&G). Less is known about how MC-S&G is regulated. We found that the SH3 domain binds to the exon10 motif more strongly compared to the proline-rich domain (PRD) of dynamin 2. Furthermore, we found that the MC-S&G ability of full-length BIN1 is inhibited on membranes lacking PI(4,5)P2. Addition of PI(4,5)P2 in the membrane activates BIN1 to sense and induce membrane curvature. Co-presence of the SH3 domain and exon10 motif leads to the strongest phosphoinositide-mediated control of BIN1 function. Addition of SH3 domain ligand (such as PRD peptides), as well as addition of the water-soluble PI(4,5)P2 analogue, can both enhance the MC-S&G ability of BIN1 on membranes without PI(4,5)P2, indicating that the key to activate BIN1 is to disrupt the exon10–SH3 interaction. The nonsense mutation K436X, found in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) patients, abolishes SH3 domain binding with either exon10 or the PRD motif, resulting in increased membrane deformation capacity. Our results suggest an autoinhibition model for BIN1 that involves a synergistic regulation by membrane composition and protein–protein interactions.
Effect of Aging on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During Head-Up Tilt

Background and Purpose— Physiological aging is associated with many changes in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, but dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) during supine rest shows no age-related changes. Because syncopal syndromes usually occur during orthostatic stress and their prevalence increases with age, it is important to define the effect of aging on dynamic CA during orthostatic stress. Methods— Twenty-five younger subjects (≤40 years) and 25 sex-matched older subjects (≥60 years) underwent 70° head-up tilt for 30 minutes. Bilateral middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound, along with noninvasive continuous measurements of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations. By comparing actual changes in cerebral blood flow velocity to changes predicted by a model based on arterial blood pressure changes, we derived dynamic autoregulatory indexes for each subject for periods before, during, and after tilt. Results— Younger subjects were a mean of 40 years younger than older subjects (28±8 versus 69±10 years). Although cerebral blood flow velocity (P <0.001) and baroreceptor sensitivity (P <0.001) were significantly lower at rest in older subjects, autoregulatory indexes were similar in younger and older subjects at all times before, during, and after tilt (P =0.62). Conclusions— Although increasing age is associated with lower cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity and cerebral blood flow velocity, dynamic CA during orthostatic stress is unaffected by physiological aging.
Risk factors for obesity in 7-year-old European children: the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with obesity in primary school children, with a particular focus on those which can be modified. To identify critical periods and growth patterns in the development of childhood obesity. Methods: 871 New Zealand European children were enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth and data were collected at birth, 1, 3.5 and 7 years of age. Data collected at 7 years included weight, height, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), television viewing time and a 24 h body movement record (actigraphy). The outcome measure was percentage body fat (PBF), which was calculated at 3.5 and 7 years using BIA. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were carried out using PBF as a continuous variable. Results: Multivariable analysis found maternal overweight/obesity, maternal age, female gender, sedentary activity time and hours of television viewing to be independently associated with PBF at 7 years. Growth variables (birth weight, rapid weight gain in infancy, early (1–3.5 years) and middle childhood (3.5–7 years)) were also independently associated with adiposity at 7 years. There was a strong correlation between PBF at 3.5 years and PBF at 7 years. Conclusions: Many primary school aged children start on the trajectory of obesity in the preschool years, which suggests interventions need to start early. Maternal overweight/obesity, television watching, sedentary activity time and rapid weight gain in infancy, early and middle childhood are risk factors for childhood obesity, and are all potentially modifiable.
Towards the use of social interaction conventions as prior for gaze model adaptation

Gaze is an important non-verbal cue involved in many facets of social interactions like communication, attentiveness or attitudes. Nevertheless, extracting gaze directions visually and remotely usually suffers large errors because of low resolution images, inaccurate eye cropping, or large eye shape variations across the population, amongst others. This paper hypothesizes that these challenges can be addressed by exploiting multimodal social cues for gaze model adaptation on top of an head-pose independent 3D gaze estimation framework. First, a robust eye cropping refinement is achieved by combining a semantic face model with eye landmark detections. Investigations on whether temporal smoothing can overcome instantaneous refinement limitations is conducted. Secondly, to study whether social interaction convention could be used as priors for adaptation, we exploited the speaking status and head pose constraints to derive soft gaze labels and infer person-specific gaze bias using robust statistics. Experimental results on gaze coding in natural interactions from two different settings demonstrate that the two steps of our gaze adaptation method contribute to reduce gaze errors by a large margin over the baseline and can be generalized to several identities in challenging scenarios.
A Reexamination of Brainstorming Research: Implications for Research and Practice

Brainstorming may be the best-known tool for group idea generation and is widely taught in gifted and talented programs. Many empirical studies have been conducted regarding the effectiveness of brainstorming, and they have provided useful insights into the salient barriers facing groups who use this tool. Although a great deal of this literature focuses on the limitations of brainstorming, the exploratory study included in this article sheds light on approaches that can enhance the value of this tool by examining the impact of the facilitator’s role within group idea generation. Finally, this article outlines recommendations for teaching, learning, and applying brainstorming.