Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compensatory Cellular Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Osteogenic Differentiation in Canine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ABSTRACT The suppressive effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the bone healing process have remained controversial, since no clinical data have clearly shown the relationship between NSAIDs and bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess the compensatory response of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to several classes of NSAIDs, including carprofen, meloxicam, indomethacin and robenacoxib, on osteogenic differentiation. Each of the NSAIDs (10 µM) was administered during 20 days of the osteogenic process with human recombinant IL-1β (1 ng/ml) as an inflammatory stimulator. Gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), receptors of PGE2 (EP2 and EP4) and enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis (COX-1, COX-2, cPGES and mPGES-1) was measured by using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein production levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and PGE2 were quantified using an alkaline phosphatase activity assay, osteocalcin immunoassay and PGE2 immunoassay, respectively. Histologic analysis was performed using alkaline phosphatase staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining. Alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition were suppressed by all NSAIDs. However, osteocalcin production showed no significant suppression by NSAIDs. Gene expression levels of PGE2-related receptors and enzymes were upregulated during continuous treatment with NSAIDs, while certain channels for PGE2 synthesis were utilized differently depending on the kind of NSAIDs. These data suggest that canine BMSCs have a compensatory mechanism to restore PGE2 synthesis, which would be an intrinsic regulator to maintain differentiation of osteoblasts under NSAID treatment.
Inference of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence among Diverse Group A Streptococcus Strains Using emm Sequencing and Multilocus Genotyping Methods

Background Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) exhibits a high degree of clinically relevant phenotypic diversity. Strains vary widely in terms of antibiotic resistance (AbR), clinical severity, and transmission rate. Currently, strain identification is achieved by emm typing (direct sequencing of the genomic segment coding for the antigenic portion of the M protein) or by multilocus genotyping methods. Phenotype analysis, including critical AbR typing, is generally achieved by much slower and more laborious direct culture-based methods. Methodology/Principal Findings We compare genotype identification (by emm typing and PCR/ESI-MS) with directly measured phenotypes (AbR and outbreak associations) for 802 clinical isolates of GAS collected from symptomatic patients over a period of 6 years at 10 military facilities in the United States. All independent strain characterization methods are highly correlated. This shows that recombination, horizontal transfer, and other forms of reassortment are rare in GAS insofar as housekeeping genes, primary virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants, and the emm gene are concerned. Therefore, genotyping methods offer an efficient way to predict emm type and the associated AbR and virulence phenotypes. Conclusions/Significance The data presented here, combined with much historical data, suggest that emm typing assays and faster molecular methods that infer emm type from genomic signatures could be used to efficiently infer critical phenotypic characteristics based on robust genotype: phenotype correlations. This, in turn, would enable faster and better-targeted responses during identified outbreaks of constitutively resistant or particularly virulent emm types.
Do family and neighbourhood matter in secondary school completion? A multilevel study of determinants and their interactions in a life-course perspective

Background Completion of secondary education is important for individuals’ future health and health behaviour. The fundamental purpose of this study is to investigate the variation and clustering of school completion in families and neighbourhoods. Secondly, we aim to examine the impact of individuals’ family structure and neighbourhood of residence and examine to what extent parental education level moderates these associations. Methods Longitudinal register data for 30% of the entire Norwegian population aged 21–27 years in 2010 (N = 107,003) was extracted from Statistic Norway´s event database. Three-level logistic regression models, which incorporated individual, family, and neighbourhood contextual factors, were applied to estimate the family and neighbourhood general contextual effects and detect possible educational differences in the impact of family structure and urban place of residence in school completion. Results Completion rates were significantly higher within families with higher education level (79% in tertiary educated families vs. 61% and 48% in secondary and primary educated families respectively) and were strongly correlated within families (ICC = 39.6) and neighbourhoods (ICC = 5.7). Several structural factors at the family level negatively associated with school completion (e.g., family disruption, large family size, and young maternal age) were more prevalent and displayed more negative impact among primary educated individuals. Urban residence was associated with school completion, but only among the tertiary educated. Conclusions Investment in the resources in the individuals’ immediate surroundings, including family and neighbourhood, may address a substantial portion of the social inequalities in the completion of upper secondary education. The high intra-familial correlation in school completion suggests that public health policies and future research should acknowledge family environments in order to improve secondary education completion rates among young people within lower educated families.
Rehabilitation After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Isolated Cartilage Defects of the Knee

Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of isolated cartilage defects of the knee has become well established. Although various publications report technical modifications, clinical results, and cell-related issues, little is known about appropriate and optimal rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation. This article reviews the literature on rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation and presents a rehabilitation protocol that has been developed considering the best available evidence and has been successfully used for several years in a large number of patients who underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage defects of the knee.
Effect of Milk Proteins on Adhesion of Bacteria to Stainless Steel Surfaces

ABSTRACT Stainless steel coupons were treated with skim milk and subsequently challenged with individual bacterial suspensions ofStaphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fragi,Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, andSerratia marcescens. The numbers of attached bacteria were determined by direct epifluorescence microscopy and compared with the attachment levels on clean stainless steel with two different surface finishes. Skim milk was found to reduce adhesion of S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. marcescens. P. fragi and E. coli attached in very small numbers to the clear surfaces, making the effect of any adsorbed protein layer difficult to assess. Individual milk proteins α-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, and α-lactalbumin were also found to reduce the adhesion of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The adhesion of bacteria to samples treated with milk dilutions up to 0.001% was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the proportion of nitrogen in the adsorbed films. Attached bacterial numbers were inversely related to the relative atomic percentage of nitrogen on the surface. A comparison of two types of stainless steel surface, a 2B and a no. 8 mirror finish, indicated that the difference in these levels of surface roughness did not greatly affect bacterial attachment, and reduction in adhesion to a milk-treated surface was still observed. Cross-linking of adsorbed proteins partially reversed the inhibition of bacterial attachment, indicating that protein chain mobility and steric exclusion may be important in this phenomenon.
Metabolic Syndrome Before and After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Individuals

Background:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, many of which are associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined prevalence and incidence of MetS and risk factors for MetS in ART-naive HIV-infected individuals starting ART. Methods:MetS, defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, was assessed at and after ART initiation in HIV-infected individuals who enrolled in selected AIDS Clinical Trials Group trials and were followed long-term after these trials as part of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine risk factors of incident MetS. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. Results:At ART initiation, the prevalence of MetS was 20%. After ART initiation, the incidence of MetS was 8.5 per 100 person-years. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, the risk of MetS was decreased for CD4+ T-cell counts >50 cells per cubic millimeter (aHR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.90 for CD4 >500), and the risk was increased for HIV-1 RNA >400 copies per milliliter (aHR = 1.55 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.92) and use of a protease-inhibitor (PI)–based regimen [relative to no PI use, aHR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.51) for any PI use]. Conclusions:In HIV-infected individuals on ART, virologic suppression and maintenance of high CD4+ T-cell counts may be potentially modifiable factors that can reduce the risk of MetS. The effect of MetS on the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes needs to be evaluated.
Aplastic anemia after liver transplantation for fulminant liver failure

We determined the incidence and outcome of aplastic anemia among 56 patients who underwent liver transplantation for fulminant liver failure at the University of Nebraska Medical Center between July 1985 and December 1993. Aplastic anemia developed in 6 of 18 (33%) children and 1 of 19 (5%) adults who had fulminant non‐A, non‐B hepatitis; no cases of aplastic anemia occurred among patients with other causes of fulminant liver failure. None of these patients had evidence of a preexisting hematological disorder or in fection with hepatitis C virus (as determined with a second‐generation ELISA). Aplastic anemia was diagnosed at a median of 4 wk after the onset of hepatitis, with five cases seen before transplantation. Six patients received antithymocyte globulin to promote remission of aplastic anemia. Three children died (fungal infection in two, intracranial hemorrhage in one)—one at 43, one at 108 and one at 119 days after transplantation—without remission of aplastic anemia. Among the four surviving patients, with median follow‐up of 25 mo, complete and partial remission of aplastic anemia have occurred in three and one, respectively. Liver allograft function is stable in all surviving patients. The data demonstrate that aplastic anemia is a common complication among children who undergo liver transplantation for fulminant non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. It is associated with a high rate of mortality, although most survivors appear to have full hematological recovery. (Hepatology 1994;20:813‐818).
DeepOpp: Context-Aware Mobile Access to Social Media Content on Underground Metro Systems

Accessing online social media content on underground metro systems is a challenge due to the fact that passengers often lose connectivity for large parts of their commute. As the oldest metro system in the world, the London underground represents a typical transportation network with intermittent Internet connectivity. To deal with disruption in connectivity along the sub-surface and deep-level underground lines on the London underground, we have designed a context-aware mobile system called DeepOpp that enables efficient offline access to online social media by prefetching and caching content opportunistically when signal availability is detected. DeepOpp can measure, crowdsource and predict signal characteristics such as strength, bandwidth and latency; it can use these predictions of mobile network signal to activate prefetching, and then employ an optimization routine to determine which social content should be cached in the system given real-time network conditions and device capacities. DeepOpp has been implemented as an Android application and tested on the London Underground; it shows significant improvement over existing approaches, e.g. reducing the amount of power needed to prefetch social media items by 2.5 times. While we use the London Underground to test our system, it is equally applicable in New York, Paris, Madrid, Shanghai, or any other urban underground metro system, or indeed in any situation in which users experience long breaks in connectivity.
Image Captioning and Classification of Dangerous Situations

Current robot platforms are being employed to collaborate with humans in a wide range of domestic and industrial tasks. These environments require autonomous systems that are able to classify and communicate anomalous situations such as fires, injured persons, car accidents; or generally, any potentially dangerous situation for humans. In this paper we introduce an anomaly detection dataset for the purpose of robot applications as well as the design and implementation of a deep learning architecture that classifies and describes dangerous situations using only a single image as input. We report a classification accuracy of 97 % and METEOR score of 16.2. We will make the dataset publicly available after this paper is accepted.
Cardiac Failure in C5-Deficient A/J Mice after Candida albicans Infection

ABSTRACT The effect of a deficiency in the C5 component of complement on the pathophyisology of infection with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans was studied by using the A/J inbred mouse strain and the BcA17 congenic mouse strain. Acute infection caused by intravenous injection of C. albicans blastospores is associated with rapid fungal replication in the heart, brain, and, in particular, kidneys of C5-deficient mice. Histological studies and analysis of markers for tissue damage indicated that the heart is the organ that is most affected and that it ultimately fails in C5-deficient mice. In A/J and BcA17 mice, tissue damage is associated with (i) cellular infiltration in the heart, which is not seen in the kidney despite the higher fungal load in the latter organ, and (ii) a very strong inflammatory response, including elevated levels of many cytokines and chemokines. This results in cardiomyopathy, which is associated with elevated levels of creatine kinase and cardiac troponin I in the circulation. Damage to the cardiac muscle is associated with metabolic changes, including hypoglycemia, decreased lipid utilization resulting in elevated levels of cardiac triglycerides, and unproductive glucose utilization linked to a dramatic increase in the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4), a negative regulator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Dutch Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Lysholm Score and Tegner Activity Scale for Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.

Study Design Clinical measurement. Background The Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale are frequently used patient-reported instruments to determine the functional status and activity level after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Objectives To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for use in the Dutch population and to evaluate the reliability and validity of these questionnaires in individuals after ACL reconstruction. Methods The translation and adaptation were conducted in several steps according to the guidelines in the literature. The measurement properties of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale (internal consistency, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effects) were tested in 96 patients. Reproducibility was tested in 69 patients with ACL injuries. On the first occasion, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36) were also administered. Results The Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale showed good test-retest reliability between repeated measures (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93 and 0.97, respectively) and reasonable to good internal consistency (Cronbach α = .70-.83). The Lysholm score had a very strong correlation with the IKDC (r = 0.83, P<.01) and moderate correlation with the RAND-36 (r = 0.55, P<.01). The Tegner activity scale had moderate correlations with both the IKDC (r = 0.42, P<.01) and RAND-36 (r = 0.48, P<.01). Conclusion The psychometric performance of the Lysholm score and the Tegner activity scale as outcome measures for Dutch patients after ACL reconstruction is acceptable. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(11):976-983. Epub 28 Sep 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016. 6566.
Fully integrated CMOS GPS receiver for system-on-chip solutions

A CMOS receiver for the Global Positioning System (GPS) is presented. It is designed in a 0.13mum standard CMOS process and is fully integrated for the needs of a system-on-chip (SoC) solution for GPS and assisted GPS (A-GPS). It provides the needed frequency conversion, gain and filtering for GPS signals without any other external components than those required for matching and decoupling. The receiver includes the local oscillator (LO) signal generation and all needed supply voltage regulators. The achieved noise figure (NF) of the receiver is 1.8dB, including losses of external filtering for blocking requirements
CEAS: cis-regulatory element annotation system

The recent availability of high-density human genome tiling arrays enables biologists to conduct ChIP–chip experiments to locate the in vivo-binding sites of transcription factors in the human genome and explore the regulatory mechanisms. Once genomic regions enriched by transcription factor ChIP–chip are located, genome-scale downstream analyses are crucial but difficult for biologists without strong bioinformatics support. We designed and implemented the first web server to streamline the ChIP–chip downstream analyses. Given genome-scale ChIP regions, the cis-regulatory element annotation system (CEAS) retrieves repeat-masked genomic sequences, calculates GC content, plots evolutionary conservation, maps nearby genes and identifies enriched transcription factor-binding motifs. Biologists can utilize CEAS to retrieve useful information for ChIP–chip validation, assemble important knowledge to include in their publication and generate novel hypotheses (e.g. transcription factor cooperative partner) for further study. CEAS helps the adoption of ChIP–chip in mammalian systems and provides insights towards a more comprehensive understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The URL of the server is .
HAT-P-6b: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright F Star

In the ongoing HATNet survey we have detected a giant planet, with radius 1.33 ± 0.06 RJup and mass 1.06 ± 0.12 MJup, transiting the bright (V = 10.5) star GSC 03239–00992. The planet is in a circular orbit with period 3.852985 ± 0.000005 days and midtransit epoch 2,454,035.67575 ± 0.00028 (HJD). The parent star is a late F star with mass 1.29 ± 0.06 M☉, radius 1.46 ± 0.06 R☉, Teff ∼ 6570 ± 80 K , [ Fe/H ] = − 0.13 ± 0.08, and age ~2.3+ 0.5−0.7 Gyr. With this radius and mass, HAT-P-6b has somewhat larger radius than theoretically expected. We describe the observations and their analysis to determine physical properties of the HAT-P-6 system, and briefly discuss some implications of this finding.
The physics of tablet compression. II. The influence of degree of compression on properties of tablets.

A study has been made of the influence of compressional force employed in tablet compression on the apparent density, porosity, hardness, disintegration time, and average primary particle size of compressed tablets, The data obtained for the sulfathiazole granulations studied indicate that there is a logarithmic relationship between the compressional force and the apparent density or the porosity of the tablets and that the pressure distribution inside the die cavity during the compressional process appears to be quite uniform. Neither hardness nor disintegration time seems to be strongly influenced by granulation size distribution. The following appear to have linear relationships: the plot between Strong Cobb Hardness and the logarithm of the compressional force; hardness and porosity; and the logarithm of disintegration time when plotted against the compressional force. The specific surface areas of compressed tablets undergo marked changes during the compressional process, exhibiting pronounced maxima at 2,500 lbs. for 3/8‐inch tablets.
Constraining the Rotation Rate of Transiting Extrasolar Planets by Oblateness Measurements

The solar system gas giant planets are oblate due to their rapid rotation. A measurement of the planet's projected oblateness would constrain the planet's rotational period. Planets that are synchronously rotating with their orbital revolution will be rotating too slowly to be significantly oblate; these include planets with orbital semimajor axes ≲0.2 AU (for MP ~ MJupiter and M* ~ M☉). Jupiter-like planets in the range of orbital semimajor axis 0.1 to 0.2 AU will tidally evolve to synchronous rotation on a timescale similar to main-sequence stars' lifetimes. In this case, an oblateness detection will help constrain the planet's tidal Q value. The projected oblateness of a transiting extrasolar giant planet is measurable from a very high photometric precision transit light curve. For a Sun-sized star and a Jupiter-sized planet, the normalized flux difference in the transit ingress/egress light curve between a spherical and an oblate planet is a few to 15 × 10-5 for oblateness similar to Jupiter and Saturn, respectively. The transit ingress and egress are asymmetric for an oblate planet with orbital inclination different from 90° and a nonzero projected obliquity. A photometric precision of 10-4 has been reached by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the known transiting extrasolar planet HD 209458b. Kepler, a NASA discovery-class mission designed to detect transiting Earth-sized planets, requires a photometric precision of 10-5 and expects to find 30 to 40 transiting giant planets with orbital semimajor axes <1 AU, about 20 of which will be at >0.2 AU. Furthermore, part-per-million photometric precision (reached after averaging over several orbital periods) is expected from three other space telescopes to be launched within the next three years. Thus, an oblateness measurement of a transiting giant planet is realistic in the near future.