Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there gender bias when creative directors judge advertising? Name cue effect in ad evaluation

A lack of women in creative departments has been documented in previous research. These departments are seen as a male fraternity subculture in advertising agencies, where women experience many difficulties in their career progress. One of these drawbacks is gender bias in the selection of ideas' process. Male creative directors are believed to promote ideas created by men within a homosocial environment. This female perception emerged from previous qualitative research is studied experimentally for the first time. Almost 90 advertising creative directors and higher level positions assessed ads created by students in an advertising university course. In the current study, we explore the effects of ad gender authorship. Results revealed an absence of gender bias based on ad name cues, neither the gender of the ad creators nor the creatives affected the evaluations. The findings are discussed and future research is proposed.
The spatial ultimatum game

In the ultimatum game, two players are asked to split a certain sum of money. The proposer has to make an offer. If the responder accepts the offer, the money will be shared accordingly. If the responder rejects the offer, both players receive nothing. The rational solution is for the proposer to offer the smallest possible share, and for the responder to accept it. Human players, in contrast, usually prefer fair splits. In this paper, we use evolutionary game theory to analyse the ultimatum game. We first show that in a non–spatial setting, natural selection chooses the unfair, rational solution. In a spatial setting, however, much fairer outcomes evolve.
Knowledge discovery from road traffic accident data in Ethiopia: Data quality, ensembling and trend analysis for improving road safety

a sel y Abstract: Descriptive analysis of the magnitude and situation of road safety in general and road accidents in particular is important, but understanding of data quality, factors related with dangerous situations and various interesting patterns in data is of even greater importance. Under the umbrella of information architec- ture research for road safety in developing countries, the objective of this machine learning experimental research is to explore data quality issues, analyze trends and predict the role of road users on possible injury risks. The research employed TreeNet, Classification and Adaptive Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and hybrid ensemble approach. To identify relevant patterns and illustrate the performance of the techniques for the road safety domain, road accident data collected from Addis Ababa Traffic Office is subject to several analyses. Empiri- cal results illustrate that data quality is a major problem that needs architectural guideline and the prototype models could classify accidents with promising accu- racy. In addition, an ensemble technique proves to be better in terms of predictive accuracy in the domain under study.
The Effect of Hexagonal Grid Topology on the Throughput Benefit of Network Coding

The performance benefit of network coding in multihop wireless networks highly depends on network topology. Often, most studies on performance benefit of network coding focus on a generic grid topology, one of the most natural candidate topologies. Considering that hexagonal grid topology supports an optimal 2D plane network, in this paper, we study the effect of network topology on the performance benefit of network coding based on the highly structured wireless network of hexagonal grid topology. Firstly, we derive a tighter upper bound on the throughput benefit of network coding in single regular hexagon of multihop wireless networks. Secondly, we define network intensity to characterize the effect induced by the basic unit of hexagonal grid topology and demonstrate that the throughput benefit reaches the upper bound 12/7 in single regular hexagon only if the network intensity is greater than or equal to the positive square root of 3 and less than 2.
Collaborative microdrones: applications and research challenges

Microdrones are small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carrying payloads such as cameras and sensors. Such microdrones enable us to obtain a bird's eye view of the environment which is helpful in many applications such as environmental monitoring, surveillance or disaster management. This position paper reports on our recently launched project "collaborative microdrones" where we are developing a system for aerial imaging based on cooperating, wireless networked microdrones that can be used in disaster management applications. Several microdrones will fly in formation over the area of interest and deliver sensor data which is fused, analyzed and delivered to the user in real-time. In this paper we briefly discuss applications for UAVs, present related projects, introduce our research focus and report on preliminary results.
An Efficient Approach to Interpreting Rigorous Tolerance Semantics for Complicated Tolerance Specification

The significance of tolerance is obvious and undoubted for product design and manufacturing. However, it is not intuitionistic for the computer to understand the tolerance semantics, which heavily baffles the integration of CAD and CAM. In this paper, a uniform approach to interpreting the rigorous tolerance semantics for complicated tolerance specification (CTS) is proposed with the help of reclassification of tolerance based on tolerance zone (TZ). First, the tolerance is reclassified into three categories: Immovable-TZ (ITZ) tolerance, Translational-TZ (TTZ) tolerance and Floatable-TZ (FTZ) tolerance. Second, a uniform method of interpreting the rigorous tolerance semantics is presented based on the variation along degrees of freedom direction (VDOF) for CTSs. To improve the computational efficiency of implementation of interpreting rigorous tolerance semantics, a novel method is proposed to determine the TZ boundary without performing Boolean intersection operations in 3-D CAD systems. Finally, the algorithm is implemented and some test results are given.
Some results on activation and scaling of sparse distributed memory

We consider two aspects on the efficiency of Kanerva's sparse distributed memory (SDM). First, it has been suggested that in certain situations it would make sense to use different activation probabilities for writing and reading in SDM. However, here we model such a situation and find that, at least approximately, it is optimal to use the same probabilities for writing and reading. Second, and more important, we investigate the scaling up of SDM, in connection with some observations made by Sjodin (1997). It is shown that the original SDM (here in Jaeckel's version) does not scale up if the reading address is disturbed, but that this can be remedied by using a kind of SDM with sparse address vectors, showing that SDM could well be used as a clean-up memory in computing with large patterns.
Changes in enteroendocrine and immune cells following colitis induction by TNBS in rats

Approximately 3.6 million individuals suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the western world, with an annual global incidence rate of 3–20 cases/100,000 individuals. The etiology of IBD is unknown, and the currently available treatment options are not satifactory for long-term treatment. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease present with abnormalities in multiple intestinal endocrine cell types, and a number of studies have suggested that interactions between gut hormones and immune cells may serve a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of IBD. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in colonic endocrine cells in a rat model of IBD. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into control and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis groups. Colonoscopies were performed in the control and TNBS groups at day 3 following the induction of colitis, and colonic tissues were collected from all animals. Colonic endocrine and immune cells in the obtained tissue samples were immunostained and their densities were quantified. The densities of chromogranin A, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells were significantly lower in the TNBS group compared with the control group, whereas the densities of serotonin, oxyntomodulin, and somatostatin-producing cells were significantly higher in the TNBS group. The densities of mucosal leukocytes, B/T-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages/monocytes and mast cells were significantly higher in the TNBS group compared with the controls, and these differences were strongly correlated with alterations in all endocrine cell types. In conclusion, the results suggest the presence of interactions between intestinal hormones and immune cells.
On the distinction and interrelation between first- and second-order judgments in cultivation research

Abstract In cultivation research, differentiation is made between first- and second-order cultivation questions. However, their definition and relation remain unclear. This paper proposes a differentiation that focuses on the type of judgment underlying the respective cultivation questions. The former are frequency and probability judgments, while the latter are evaluative and address attitudes or values. Current theory in the field of cultivation research argues that these types of judgments are tied to on-line (second-order) and memory-based (first-order) processing. Based on psychological literature and a study on the cultivation of crime-related perceptions representative for the German population, we demonstrate that second-order judgments can also be built memory-based. Furthermore, we argue that the interrelation of first- and second-order judgments depends on whether judgments are built on-line or memory-based (especially in the case of second-order judgments). This may account for divergent empirical evidence in the field.
Hypermultiplets, hyperKähler cones and quaternion-Kähler geometry

We study hyperkahler cones and their corresponding quaternion-Kahler spaces. We present a classification of 4(n − 1)-dimensional quaternion- Kahler spaces with n abelian quaternionic isometries, based on dualizing superconformal tensor multiplets. These manifolds characterize the geome- try of the hypermultiplet sector of classical and perturbative moduli spaces of type-II strings compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold. As an example of our construction, we study the universal hypermultiplet in detail, and give three inequivalent tensor multiplet descriptions. We also comment on the construction of quaternion-Kahler manifolds that may describe instanton corrections to the moduli space.
Phase Transitions and Minimal Hypersurfaces in Hyperbolic Space

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Cahn–Hillard approximation for entire minimal hypersurfaces in the hyperbolic space. Combining comparison principles with minimization and blow-up arguments, we prove existence results for entire local minimizers with prescribed behavior at infinity. Then, we study the limit as the length scale tends to zero through a Γ-convergence analysis, obtaining existence of entire minimal hypersurfaces with prescribed boundary at infinity. In particular, we recover some existence results proved in [3, 21] using geometric measure theory.
Mechanisms for Seeing Transparency-from-Motion and Orientation-from-Motion

Structure-from-motion (SFM) perception is hypothesised to be mediated by units that sense the near-far relationships in transparency-from-motion (TFM) and orientation-from-motion (OFM). The frequency of subjective reversals during observation of ambiguous SFM displays is considerably decreased when either the direction of rotation or the surface orientation is oscillated during the inspection. Such manipulations impede adaptation of units selectively sensitive to TFM and OFM. The results show that both OFM and TFM units are direction-selective, and that the reversal rate is unaffected by reducing TFM to zero; and support the view that depth order, when both TFM and OFM are present, is estimated by common neural units.
Surface hardness evaluation of different composite resin materials: influence of sports and energy drinks immersion after a short-term period

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of sports and energy drinks on the surface hardness of different composite resin restorative materials over a 1-month period. Material and Methods: A total of 168 specimens: Compoglass F, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme, and Premise were prepared using a customized cylindrical metal mould and they were divided into six groups (N=42; n=7 per group). For the control groups, the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37º C and the water was renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were immersed in 5 mL of one of the following test solutions: Powerade, Gatorade, X-IR, Burn, and Red Bull, for two minutes daily for up to a 1-month test period and all the solutions were refreshed daily. Surface hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness measuring instrument at baseline, after 1-week and 1-month. Data were statistically analyzed using Multivariate repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). Results: Multivariate repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the hardness of the restorative materials in different immersion times (p<0.001) in different solutions (p<0.001). The effect of different solutions on the surface hardness values of the restorative materials was tested using Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests, and it was observed that specimens stored in distilled water demonstrated statistically significant lower mean surface hardness reductions when compared to the specimens immersed in sports and energy drinks after a 1-month evaluation period (p<0.001). The compomer was the most affected by an acidic environment, whereas the composite resin materials were the least affected materials. Conclusions: The effect of sports and energy drinks on the surface hardness of a restorative material depends on the duration of exposure time, and the composition of the material.
Clonal analysis of a human antibody response. Quantitation of precursors of antibody-producing cells and generation and characterization of monoclonal IgM, IgG, and IgA to rabies virus

We quantitated and characterized the changes in the human B cell repertoire, at the clonal level, before and after immunization with rabies virus. Moreover, we generated 10 monoclonal cell lines producing IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the virus. We found that in healthy subjects, not previously exposed to the virus, nearly 2% of the circulating B lymphocytes were committed to the production of antibodies that bound the virus. These B cells expressed the surface CD5 molecule. The antibodies they produced were polyreactive IgM that displayed a relatively low affinity for the virus components (Kd, 1.0- 2.4 x 10(-6) g/microliters). After immunization, different anti-virus (IgG and IgA) antibody-producing cells consistently appeared in the circulation and increased from less than 0.005% to greater than 10% of the total B cells committed to the production of IgG and IgA, respectively. Most of such B cells do not express CD5 and produce monoreactive antibodies of high affinity for rabies virus (Kd, 6.5 x 10(-9) to 1.2 x 10(-10) g/microliters). One of these IgG mAbs efficiently neutralized rabies virus in vitro and in vivo, as detailed elsewhere (Dietzschold, B., P. Casali, Y. Ueki, M. Gore, C. E. Rupprecht, A. L. Notkins, and H. Koprowski, manuscript submitted for publication). Hybridization experiments using probes specific for the different human V gene segment families revealed that cell precursors producing low affinity IgM binding to rabies virus utilized a restricted number of VH gene segments (i.e., only members of the VHIIIb subfamily), whereas cell precursors producing high affinity IgG and IgA to rabies virus utilized an assortment of different VH gene segments (i.e., members of the VHI, VHIII, VHIV, and VHVI families and VHIIIb subfamily). In conclusion, our studies show that EBV transformation in conjunction with limiting dilution technology and somatic cell hybridization techniques are useful methods for quantitating, at the B cell clonal level, the human antibody response to foreign Ags and for generating human mAbs of predetermined specificity and high affinity.
Hybrid Dialog State Tracker with ASR Features

This paper presents a hybrid dialog state tracker enhanced by trainable Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) for slot-filling dialog systems. Our architecture is inspired by previously proposed neural-network-based belief-tracking systems. In addition, we extended some parts of our modular architecture with differentiable rules to allow end-to-end training. We hypothesize that these rules allow our tracker to generalize better than pure machine-learning based systems. For evaluation, we used the Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC) 2 dataset - a popular belief tracking testbed with dialogs from restaurant information system. To our knowledge, our hybrid tracker sets a new state-of-the-art result in three out of four categories within the DSTC2.
Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions

Within American psychology, there has been a recent surge of interest in self-compassion, a construct from Buddhist thought. Self-compassion entails: (a) being kind and understanding toward oneself in times of pain or failure, (b) perceiving one's own suffering as part of a larger human experience, and (c) holding painful feelings and thoughts in mindful awareness. In this article we review findings from personality, social, and clinical psychology related to self-compassion. First, we define self-compassion and distinguish it from other self-constructs such as self-esteem, self-pity, and self-criticism. Next, we review empirical work on the correlates of self-compassion, demonstrating that self-compassion has consistently been found to be related to well-being. These findings support the call for interventions that can raise self-compassion. We then review the theory and empirical support behind current interventions that could enhance self-compassion including compassionate mind training (CMT), imagery work, the gestalt two-chair technique, mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Directions for future research are also discussed.
Neural correlates of the age-related changes in motor sequence learning and motor adaptation in older adults

As the world's population ages, a deeper understanding of the relationship between aging and motor learning will become increasingly relevant in basic research and applied settings. In this context, this review aims to address the effects of age on motor sequence learning (MSL) and motor adaptation (MA) with respect to behavioral, neurological, and neuroimaging findings. Previous behavioral research investigating the influence of aging on motor learning has consistently reported the following results. First, the initial acquisition of motor sequences is not altered, except under conditions of increased task complexity. Second, older adults demonstrate deficits in motor sequence memory consolidation. And, third, although older adults demonstrate deficits during the exposure phase of MA paradigms, the aftereffects following removal of the sensorimotor perturbation are similar to young adults, suggesting that the adaptive ability of older adults is relatively intact. This paper will review the potential neural underpinnings of these behavioral results, with a particular emphasis on the influence of age-related dysfunctions in the cortico-striatal system on motor learning.
Fast authenticated key establishment protocols for self-organizing sensor networks

In this paper, we consider efficient authenticated key establishment protocols between a sensor and a security manager in a self-organizing sensor network. We propose a hybrid authenticated key establishment scheme, which exploits the difference in capabilities between security managers and sensors, and put the cryptographic burden where the resources are less constrained. The hybrid scheme reduces the high cost public-key operations at the sensor side and replaces them with efficient symmetric-key based operations. Meanwhile, the scheme authenticates the two identities based on public-key certificates to avoid the typical key management problem in pure symmetric-key based protocols and maintain a good amount of scalability. The proposed scheme can be efficiently implemented on Mitsubishi's M16C microprocessor in 5.2Kbyte code/data size, and achieve a total processing time of 760 ms on sensor side, which is better than all the other public-key based key establishment protocols we have studied. We also present its modified version with a faster speed but more communication overhead.
Customer Relationship and Satisfaction: The Jumeirah Beach Hotel Case Study

This paper establishes if using a comment card provides a reliable form of feedback regarding customer satisfaction in hotels. This exploratory study was conducted at the Jumeirah Beach Hotel-Dubai, UAE. They are a convenient way for guests to complain, make suggestions and praise. Managers use this input to make quick fixes and comfort distraught guests. The trouble is that hotels depend on comment cards for more than casual guest feedback. Hotels use the results for determining employee bonuses or employee performance evaluations and depend them when making business decisions. This paper examines the comment cards as an important feedback mechanism to measure customer satisfaction and argues that it is an effective instrument to strengthen relationships. Literature suggests that comment cards are not scientific or secure. Only happy or unhappy guests participate in these surveys, which can lead to extreme or misleading results. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3631-6.ch002
A quantitative study on the influence of breadth of open innovation on SMEs product-service performance: The moderating effect of type of innovation

Abstract The study investigates the influence of breadth of open innovation strategy on product and service performance of UK SMEs and how the relationship is affected by the type of innovation. The respondents were 72 senior employees randomly sampled from SMEs in UK manufacturing sector. We collected primary data using survey questionnaire. Multiple regression technique through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyse the data. We found that breadth of open innovation have curvilinear relationship to both incremental and radical product performance. Also, results showed that incremental as well as radical innovation moderates the influence of breadth of open innovation on the product performance. We concluded that adoption of optimum breadth of open innovation strategy supports SMEs’ product-service performance. We recommended that SMEs’ policy-makers should adopt a balanced breadth of open innovation strategy in order to foster the achievement of their product performance goals, depending on the particular type of innovation they intend to achieve.