Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A technique for deriving one-shot achievability results in network information theory

This paper proposes a novel technique to prove a one-shot version of achievability results in network information theory. The technique is not based on covering and packing lemmas. In this technique, we use a stochastic encoder and decoder with a particular structure for coding that resembles both the ML and the joint-typicality coders. Although stochastic encoders and decoders do not usually enhance the capacity region, their use simplifies the analysis. The Jensen inequality lies at the heart of error analysis, which enables us to deal with the expectation of many terms coming from stochastic encoders and decoders at once. The technique is illustrated via four examples: point-to-point channel coding, Gelfand-Pinsker, broadcast channel and Berger-Tung problem of distributed lossy compression. Applying the one-shot result for the memoryless broadcast channel in the asymptotic case, we get the entire region of Marton's inner bound without any need for time-sharing. Also, these results are employed in conjunction with multi-dimensional berry-esseen CLT to derive new regions for finite-blocklength regime of Gelfand-Pinsker.
A remark on the global asymptotic stability of a dynamical system modeling two species competition

1. IntroductionIn this paper we shall consider a strongly order preserving semiflowmodeling the two species competition in population biology. To motivate theprincipal result, we consider three examples of competitive dynamical systemsin an infinite dimensional space which is a product space. The first exampleis the model of the unstirred chemostat with equal diffusions [6]
Human Cytomegalovirus Labeled with Green Fluorescent Protein for Live Analysis of Intracellular Particle Movements

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replicates in the nuclei of infected cells. Successful replication therefore depends on particle movements between the cell cortex and nucleus during entry and egress. To visualize HCMV particles in living cells, we have generated a recombinant HCMV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused to the C terminus of the capsid-associated tegument protein pUL32 (pp150). The resulting UL32-EGFP-HCMV was analyzed by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, immunoblotting, confocal microscopy, and time-lapse microscopy to evaluate the growth properties of this virus and the dynamics of particle movements. UL32-EGFP-HCMV replicated similarly to wild-type virus in fibroblast cultures. Green fluorescent virus particles were released from infected cells. The fluorescence stayed associated with particles during viral entry, and fluorescent progeny particles appeared in the nucleus at 44 h after infection. Surprisingly, strict colocalization of pUL32 and the major capsid protein pUL86 within nuclear inclusions indicated that incorporation of pUL32 into nascent HCMV particles occurred simultaneously with or immediately after assembly of the capsid. A slow transport of nuclear particles towards the nuclear margin was demonstrated. Within the cytoplasm, most particles performed irregular short-distance movements, while a smaller fraction of particles performed centripetal and centrifugal long-distance movements. Although numerous particles accumulated in the cytoplasm, release of particles from infected cells was a rare event, consistent with a release rate of about 1 infectious unit per h per cell in HCMV-infected fibroblasts as calculated from single-step growth curves. UL32-EGFP-HCMV will be useful for further investigations into the entry, maturation, and release of this virus.
The problem of health technology: policy implications for modern health care systems

This book by Pascale Lahoux at times appears lengthy and somewhat obscurely written. However, it presents many examples and a broad vision and understanding of health technology and health technology assessment as it is applied today. The fact that modern medicine is both producer and consumer of technology and in reality cannot be seen as a separate entity is stressed throughout this interesting book.
Can you hear me? acoustic modifications in speech directed to foreigners and hearing-impaired people

People modify their voice to accommodate the communicative needs of their audience. Previously, speech recipient groups with communicative needs such as foreigners and infants have been investigated, however, there is a lack of research into speech directed to hearing-impaired people. The aim of our study was to investigate prosodic modifications in speech directed to hearing-impaired people and foreigners, and the benefit of such modifications to the listener. Ten speakers were recorded in natural interactions with a hearing-impaired person (HIDS), a foreigner (FDS) and a native speaker (ADS). The resulting speech was acoustically analysed for duration, vowel hyperarticulation, intensity, mean fundamental frequency (F0) and F0 range. There was no significant difference in duration, F0 range or intensity between the conditions. HIDS and FDS displayed significantly higher mean F0 and hyperarticulation than ADS. The speech was also rated by twenty speakers for positive vocal affect and intelligibility. HIDS was perceived to be more positive and intelligible than both FDS and ADS, with no difference between the latter two groups. These results show that people modify the acoustic properties of their voice in interactions with foreigners and hearing-impaired people, but that the benefits of these modification are more noticeable in HIDS than FDS.
Three-dimensional structure of poliovirus serotype 1 neutralizing determinants

Antigenic mutants of poliovirus (Sabin strain, serotype 1) were isolated by the resistance of the virus to anti-Sabin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The amino acid replacements within the capsid protein sequence causing the altered antigenicity were identified for each of 63 isolates. The mutations cluster into distinct nonoverlapping peptide segments that group into three general immunological phenotypes on the basis of cross-neutralization analyses with 15 neutralizing anti-Sabin monoclonal antibodies. Location of the mutated amino acid residues within the three-dimensional structure of the virion indicates that the majority of these amino acid residues are highly exposed and located within prominent structural features of the viral surface. Those mutated amino acid residues that are less accessible to antibody interaction are often involved in hydrogen bonds or salt bridges that would stabilize the local tertiary structure of the antigenic site. The interactions of the peptide segments that form these neutralizing sites suggest specific models for the generation of neutralization-resistant variants and for the interaction between the viral surface and antibody.
Nonlinear model predictive substrate feed control of biogas plants

Optimal substrate feed control of biogas plants is a complex and challenging task due to the nonlinearity of the anaerobic digestion process, which produces biogas from biodegradable input material. In this paper a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme is applied to optimally control the substrate feed of an agricultural biogas plant. The implemented algorithms are investigated in a simulation study using a validated simulation model of a full-scale biogas plant. Process states are estimated using a recently developed state estimator. Results show that this approach is very feasible providing the plant operator with a gain of 550 € per day compared to previous operation.
Shear stress analysis and its effects on cell viability and cell proliferation in drop-on-demand bioprinting

Bioprinting has emerged as a flexible technology in tissue engineering to mimic biological and functional organizational complexity of native tissues. Drop-on-Demand (DoD) bioprinting is one of the most promising technologies currently due to the unique characteristics of high-throughput efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Despite these significant advantages, DoD bioprinting has some drawbacks, including loss of cell viability impacted by shear stress. However, there are only very few studies discussed the variation of shear stress in DoD cell printing and its effects on cell behaviours. In this paper, a CFD simulation model of piezoelectric DoD print-head was developed to study shear stress in the nozzle during printing. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of shear stress on cell viability and cell proliferation. The mathematical model of piezoelectric effect is developed with CFD model to improve the simulation accuracy. Parametric studies on shear stress were also carried out. Simulation results demonstrated that (1) shear stress has a dramatic variation around the nozzle orifice mainly during the rise time and the following dwell time of voltage pulse in the episode; (2) the backflow fluid pushed the fluid entered from the inlet flowing down along the wall, increasing the wall shear stress simultaneously; (3) voltage, viscosity and nozzle diameter have important effects on both values and the effect range of shear stress. With simulation results of shear stress, experiments showed that both cell viability and cell proliferation are decreased with the increase of shear stress, whereby shear stress has a larger influence on cell proliferation than on cell viability. Through the proposed simulation model, the computed shear stress during DoD bioprinting is able to link with engineering characteristics, such as printing parameters, and cell characteristics, such as cell viability and cell proliferation. The simulation model can be used to improve cell viability and cell proliferation through optimizing printing parameters to decrease shear stress in piezoelectric DoD bioprinting.
Quality mesh generation in three dimensions

We show how to triangulate a three dimensional polyhedral region with holes. Our triangulation is optimal in the following two senses. First, our triangulation achieves the best possible aspect ratio up to a constant. Second, for any other triangulation of the same region into m triangles with bounded aspect ratio, our triangulation has size n = O(m). Such a triangulation is desired as an initial mesh for a finite element mesh refinement algorithm. Previous three dimensional triangulation schemes either worked only on a restricted class of input, or did not guarantee well-shaped tetrahedra, or were not able to bound the output size. We build on some of the ideas presented in previous work by Bern, Eppstein, and Gilbert, who have shown how to triangulate a two dimensional polyhedral region with holes, with similar quality and optimality bounds.
Bootstrapping SVM active learning by incorporating unlabelled images for image retrieval

The performance of image retrieval with SVM active learning is known to be poor when started with few labeled images only. In this paper, the problem is solved by incorporating the unlabelled images into the bootstrapping of the learning process. In this work, the initial SVM classifier is trained with the few labeled images and the unlabelled images randomly selected from the image database. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that by incorporating unlabelled images in the bootstrapping, the efficiency of SVM active learning can be improved, and thus improves the overall retrieval performance.
Gravitational waves from merging compact binaries: How accurately can one extract the binary's parameters from the inspiral waveform?

The most promising source of gravitational waves for the planned kilometer-size laser-interferometer detectors LIGO and VIRGO are merging compact binaries, i.e., neutron-star\char21{}neutron-star (NS-NS), neutron-star\char21{}black-hole (NS-BH), and black-hole\char21{}black-hole (BH-BH) binaries. We investigate how accurately the distance to the source and the masses and spins of the two bodies will be measured from the inspiral gravitational wave signals by the three-detector LIGO-VIRGO network using ``advanced detectors'' (those present a few years after initial operation). The large number of cycles in the observable waveform increases our sensitivity to those parameters that affect the inspiral rate, and thereby the evolution of the waveform's phase. These parameters are thus measured much more accurately than parameters which affect the waveform's polarization or amplitude. To lowest order in a post-Newtonian expansion, the evolution of the waveform's phase depends only on the combination scrM\ensuremath{\equiv}(${\mathit{M}}_{1}$${\mathit{M}}_{2}$${)}^{3/5}$(${\mathit{M}}_{1}$+${\mathit{M}}_{2}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/5}$ of the masses ${\mathit{M}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{M}}_{2}$ of the two bodies, which is known as the ``chirp mass. '' To post-1-Newtonian order, the waveform's phase also depends sensitively on the binary's reduced mass \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\equiv}${\mathit{M}}_{1}$${\mathit{M}}_{2}$/(${\mathit{M}}_{1}$+${\mathit{M}}_{2}$) allowing, in principle, a measurement of both ${\mathit{M}}_{1}$ and ${\mathit{M}}_{2}$ with high accuracy.
Increased intake of calcium reverses vitamin B12 malabsorption induced by metformin.

OBJECTIVE Of patients who are prescribed metformin, 10-30% have evidence of reduced vitamin B12 absorption. B12-intrinsic factor complex uptake by ileal cell surface receptors is known to be a process dependent on calcium availability Metformin affects calcium-dependent membrane action. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and mechanism of the reduction in serum vitamin B12 after metformin administration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A comparative study design was employed using 2 groups (metformin and control). A total of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes received sulfonylurea therapy; 14 of these 21 patients were switched to metformin. Monthly serum total vitamin B12 measurements and holotranscobalamin (holoTCII) (B12-TCII) were performed. After 3 months of metformin therapy, oral calcium supplementation was administered. RESULTS Serial serum vitamin B12 determinations revealed a similar decline in vitamin B12 and holoTCII. Oral calcium supplementation reversed the metformin-induced serum holoTCII depression. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving metformin have diminished B12 absorption and low serum total vitamin B12 and TCII-B12 levels because of a calcium-dependent ileal membrane antagonism, an effect reversed with supplemental calcium.
Limits to the Development of Feed-Forward Structures in Large Recurrent Neuronal Networks

Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) has traditionally been of great interest to theoreticians, as it seems to provide an answer to the question of how the brain can develop functional structure in response to repeated stimuli. However, despite this high level of interest, convincing demonstrations of this capacity in large, initially random networks have not been forthcoming. Such demonstrations as there are typically rely on constraining the problem artificially. Techniques include employing additional pruning mechanisms or STDP rules that enhance symmetry breaking, simulating networks with low connectivity that magnify competition between synapses, or combinations of the above. In this paper, we first review modeling choices that carry particularly high risks of producing non-generalizable results in the context of STDP in recurrent networks. We then develop a theory for the development of feed-forward structure in random networks and conclude that an unstable fixed point in the dynamics prevents the stable propagation of structure in recurrent networks with weight-dependent STDP. We demonstrate that the key predictions of the theory hold in large-scale simulations. The theory provides insight into the reasons why such development does not take place in unconstrained systems and enables us to identify biologically motivated candidate adaptations to the balanced random network model that might enable it.
Myocardin-related transcription factors are required for skeletal muscle development

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. Stimuli that promote actin polymerization allow for shuttling of MRTFs to the nucleus where they activate serum response factor (SRF), a regulator of actin and other cytoskeletal protein genes. SRF is an essential regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation and numerous components of the muscle sarcomere, but the potential involvement of MRTFs in skeletal muscle development has not been examined. We explored the role of MRTFs in muscle development in vivo by generating mutant mice harboring a skeletal muscle-specific deletion of MRTF-B and a global deletion of MRTF-A. These double knockout (dKO) mice were able to form sarcomeres during embryogenesis. However, the sarcomeres were abnormally small and disorganized, causing skeletal muscle hypoplasia and perinatal lethality. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated dramatic dysregulation of actin genes in MRTF dKO mice, highlighting the importance of MRTFs in actin cycling and myofibrillogenesis. MRTFs were also shown to be necessary for the survival of skeletal myoblasts and for the efficient formation of intact myotubes. Our findings reveal a central role for MRTFs in sarcomere formation during skeletal muscle development and point to the potential involvement of these transcriptional co-activators in skeletal myopathies. Summary: MRTFs are regulators of actin cycling and cytoskeletal gene expression. Loss of MRTFs in the mouse skeletal muscle causes muscle hypoplasia due to defects in sarcomere formation.
Formalizing the LLVM intermediate representation for verified program transformations

This paper presents Vellvm (verified LLVM), a framework for reasoning about programs expressed in LLVM's intermediate representation and transformations that operate on it. Vellvm provides a mechanized formal semantics of LLVM's intermediate representation, its type system, and properties of its SSA form. The framework is built using the Coq interactive theorem prover. It includes multiple operational semantics and proves relations among them to facilitate different reasoning styles and proof techniques. To validate Vellvm's design, we extract an interpreter from the Coq formal semantics that can execute programs from LLVM test suite and thus be compared against LLVM reference implementations. To demonstrate Vellvm's practicality, we formalize and verify a previously proposed transformation that hardens C programs against spatial memory safety violations. Vellvm's tools allow us to extract a new, verified implementation of the transformation pass that plugs into the real LLVM infrastructure; its performance is competitive with the non-verified, ad-hoc original.
Metastatic Disease of the Femur: Surgical Treatment

The senior author’s 12-year consecutive series of surgery for metastatic disease of the femur was reviewed. Treatment of 97 impending pathologic fractures yielded better results than treatment of 85 completed pathologic fractures with less average blood loss (438 cc versus 636 cc), shorter hospital stay (7 days versus 11 days), greater likelihood of discharge to home as opposed to an extended care facility (79% versus 56%) and greater likelihood of resuming support-free ambulation (35% versus 12%). Internal stabilization with a reconstruction-type intramedullary nail provided satisfactory pain relief and functional preservation for most patients with impending pathologic femur fractures (69 of 97, 71%), although alternate forms of internal fixation (21 of 97, 22%) or cemented arthroplasty (seven of 97, 7%) were used successfully. Completed pathologic fractures were more likely to require some form of arthroplasty (47 of 85, 55%), although reconstruction-type nails (20 of 85, 24%), and other internal fixation techniques (18 of 85, 21%) also were used. Modular oncology-type arthroplasty systems offered a viable salvage option in both groups. In the absence of conflicting goals or contraindications, internal stabilization of impending pathologic fractures before the completion of the fracture seems to be reasonable and appropriate.
Piece-Wise Model Fitting Using Local Data Patterns

In this paper we propose a novel classification algorithm that fits models of different complexity on separate regions of the input space. Our goal is to achieve a balance between global and local learning strategies by decomposing the classification task into simpler subproblems; each task narrows the learning problem to a local region of high example density over the input space. Specifically, our proposed approach is to apply a clustering algorithm to every set of training examples that belong to the same class; each cluster becomes an intermediate concept that is learned by selecting a model with an (estimated) optimal degree of complexity. Experimental results on real-world domains show consistent good performance in predictive accuracy with our piece-wise model fitting strategy.
Molecular jets driven by high-mass protostars : a detailed study of the IRAS20126+4104 jet

Context. Protostellar jets from intermediate- and high-mass protostars provide an excellent opportunity to understand the mechanisms responsible for intermediate- and high-mass star-formation. A crucial question is if they are scaled-up versions of their low-mass counterparts. Such high-mass jets are relatively rare and, usually, they are distant and highly embedded in their parental clouds. The IRAS 20126+4104 molecular jet, driven by a 10 4 Lprotostar, represents a suitable target to investigate. Aims. We present here an extensive analysis of this protostellar jet, deriving the kinematical, dynamical, and physical conditions of the H2 gas along the flow. Methods. The jet was investigated by means of near-IR H2 and (Fe ii) narrow-band imaging, high-resolution spectroscopy of the 1-0 S(1) line (2.12 μm), NIR (0.9-2.5 μm) low-resolution spectroscopy, along with ISO-SWS and LWS spectra (from 2.4 to 200 μm). Results. The flow shows a complex morphology. In addition to the large-scale jet precession presented in previous studies, we detect a small-scale wiggling close to the source, which may indicate the presence of a multiple system. The peak radial velocities of the H2 knots range from -42 to -14 km s −1 in the blue lobe, and from -8 to 47 km s −1 in the red lobe. The low-resolution spectra are rich in H2 emission, and relatively faint (Fe ii )( NIR), (Oi )a nd (Cii) (FIR) emission is observed in the region close to the source. A warm H2 gas component has an average excitation temperature that ranges between 2000 K and 2500 K. Additionally, the ISO-SWS spectrum reveals a cold component (520 K) that strongly contributes to the radiative cooling of the flow and plays a major role in the dynamics of the flow. The estimated LH2 of the jet is 8.2 ± 0.7 L� , suggesting that IRAS 20126+4104 has a significantly increased accretion rate compared to low-mass YSOs. This is also supported by the derived mass flux rate from the H2 lines ( u Mout(H2) ∼ 7.5 × 10 −4 Myr −1 ). The comparison between the H2 and the outflow parameters strongly indicates that the jet is driving the outflow, at least partially. As already found for low-mass protostellar jets, the measured H2 outflow luminosity is tightly related to the source bolometric luminosity. Conclusions. As for a few other intermediate- and high-mass protostellar jets in the literature, we conclude that IRAS 20126+4104 jet is a scaled-up version of low-mass protostellar counterparts.