Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Effect of Temsirolimus against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Bone Destruction

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is engaged in the molecular pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which frequently invades the maxilla or the mandible. However, the effects of a mTOR inhibitor on bone destruction associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of temsirolimus-mediated mTOR inhibition against advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Temsirolimus inhibited the proliferation and migration of HSC-2 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and suppressed the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in vivo. Significantly, we clearly show that temsirolimus inhibited osteoclast formation both in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that temsirolimus decreased the mRNA expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand, known as an osteoclast differentiation factor in bone stromal ST2 cells. Moreover, temsirolimus normalized blood-free calcium concentration in mouse models for humoral hypercalcemia. These findings suggest that mTOR signaling is a potential target of oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with bone destruction, and hence we describe the efficacy of temsirolimus for the treatment of advanced oral squamous carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(11); 2960–9. ©2010 AACR.
Optimal OFDM channel estimation with carrier frequency offset and phase noise

We propose an optimal training-based OFDM channel impulse response (CIR) estimation algorithm that addresses the phase noise (PHN) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) problem. If left unattended, these combined problems severely degrade the accuracy of the channel estimate and ultimately the quality of the wireless link. The solution involves the joint optimization of a complete log-likelihood function over the unknown CIR, PHN and CFO. To reduce the complexity of the proposed algorithm, a simplification based on the conjugate gradient method is introduced, yielding an efficient realization using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with only minor performance degradation
Ontological analysis of gene expression data: current tools, limitations, and open problems

Independent of the platform and the analysis methods used, the result of a microarray experiment is, in most cases, a list of differentially expressed genes. An automatic ontological analysis approach has been recently proposed to help with the biological interpretation of such results. Currently, this approach is the de facto standard for the secondary analysis of high throughput experiments and a large number of tools have been developed for this purpose. We present a detailed comparison of 14 such tools using the following criteria: scope of the analysis, visualization capabilities, statistical model(s) used, correction for multiple comparisons, reference microarrays available, installation issues and sources of annotation data. This detailed analysis of the capabilities of these tools will help researchers choose the most appropriate tool for a given type of analysis. More importantly, in spite of the fact that this type of analysis has been generally adopted, this approach has several important intrinsic drawbacks. These drawbacks are associated with all tools discussed and represent conceptual limitations of the current state-of-the-art in ontological analysis. We propose these as challenges for the next generation of secondary data analysis tools.
Developmental Trajectories of Neural Mechanisms Supporting Conflict and Error Processing in Middle Childhood

To study age-related changes in cognitive control, event-related potentials (ERPs) of children aged 6–9 years, 10–12 years, and young adults were recorded during a Flanker task. Younger children were more susceptible to conflict than older ones and adults. The N2 in incongruent trials was smaller in younger than older children, who did not differ from adults. The error-related negativity (ERN) following errors, however, was larger in adults than in children, but did not differ between younger and older children. Delayed development of neural responses to error processing relative to conflict monitoring may indicate dissociable maturational time tables of subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Are Nasal Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus More Likely To Become Colonized or Infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Admission to a Hospital?

ABSTRACT Of 840 patients at hospital admission, 2.7% were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 22.3% were positive for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). During the next 8 months, 4.8% of the MSSA-positive patients acquired MRSA with no lineage association. A total of 5.2% of noncarriers acquired MRSA. We find no evidence that colonized hosts are more susceptible to acquiring MRSA.
The upper cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith‐Woodward, 1901, and the crista circumfenestralis of snakes

Studies on the phylogenetic relationships of snakes and lizards are plagued by problematic characterizations of anatomy that are then used to define characters and states in taxon‐character matrices. State assignments and character descriptions must be clear characterizations of observable anatomy and topological relationships if homologies are to be hypothesized. A supposed homology among snakes, not observed in lizards, is the presence of a crista circumfenestralis (CCF), a system of bony crests surrounding the fenestra ovalis and lateral aperture of the recessus scalae tympani. We note that there are some fossil and extant snakes that lack a CCF, and some extant lizards that possess a morphological equivalent. The phylogenetically important upper Cretaceous fossil snake Dinilysia patagonica has been interpreted by different authors as either having or lacking a CCF. These conflicting results for Dinilysia were tested by re‐examining the morphology of the otic region in a large sample of snakes and lizards. An unambiguous criterion arising from the test of topology is used to define the presence of a CCF: the enclosure of the ventral margin of the juxtastapedial recess by flanges of the otoccipital (crista tuberalis and crista interfenestralis) that extend forward to contact the posterior margin of the prootic. According to this criterion D. patagonica does not possess a CCF, therefore, this anatomical feature must have arisen later during the evolution of snakes. J. Morphol. 275:1187–1200, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical care

A RD Online First is an exciting innovation that will allow publication of selected articles within days of acceptance, and therefore months before they appear in the print version of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. From February 2004 selected articles will appear in the raw manuscript form (not edited or typeset) in a new section on the ARD website (http:// www.annrheumdis.com) indicated by the Online First logo (fig 1).
Photodynamic diagnosis of breast tumours after oral application of aminolevulinic acid

Photodynamic diagnosis is of increasing interest for diagnosis in oncology. It is based on a more intense incorporation of a fluorescent dye in tumours compared to normal tissue. As a feasibility study we investigated the effectiveness of oral application of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic diagnosis of human primary mammary tumours. The study included 16 patients with palpable breast tumours. Aminolevulinic acid was administered at a concentration of 40 mg kg−1 bodyweight 150–420 min prior to tumourectomy. Intraoperatively blue light (405 nm) was applied to the operation site. Sections of the excised tumour and some lymph nodes were prepared and analysed with a fluorescent microscope. All primary mammary tumour tissues showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity than surrounding normal mammary tissue. Fluorescence of the mammary tumours could also be discriminated macroscopically and intraoperatively. Fluorescence intensity in nonmetastatic lymph node tissue was higher in 2 out of 3 patients than in primary tumour tissue. By photodynamic diagnosis using aminolevulinic acid we were able to reliably distinguish primary mammary tumours from normal mammary tissue microscopically and macroscopically in all our patients. We suggest that photodynamic diagnosis with aminolevulinic acid for breast tumours should be further investigated and developed for intraoperative use and may well be a simple tool for better intraoperative diagnosis and recognition of tumour margins. We hypothesize that lymph node metastasis of breast tumours will not be detectable by this method. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Mean-field model of jet formation in a collapsing Bose–Einstein condensate

We perform a systematic numerical study, based on the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation, of jet formation in collapsing and exploding Bose–Einstein condensates as in the experiment by Donley et al (2001 Nature 412 295). In the actual experiment, via a Feshbach resonance, the scattering length of atomic interaction was suddenly changed from positive to negative on a pre-formed condensate. Consequently, the condensate collapsed and ejected atoms via explosion. On disruption of the collapse by suddenly changing the scattering length to zero, a radial jet of atoms was formed in the experiment. We present a satisfactory account of jet formation under the experimental conditions and also make predictions beyond experimental conditions which can be verified in future experiments.
Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic analysis of 21 spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas

Recently, spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has been recognized as another distinct variant of a RMS. We evaluated clinicopathological features of 21 cases of spindle cell and sclerosing RMS and performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing in 10 (47.6%) tumours. Twenty‐one tumours occurred in 16 males and 5 females (mean age, 19.7 years); commonly in the head and neck region (8) (38%) and extremities (7) (33.3%), followed by paratesticular region (2) (9.5%), chest wall (1), abdomen (1), pelvis (1) and paraspinal region (1). Average tumour size was 7.9 cm. Histopathologically, tumours that were spindle cell type (8) (38%) mostly occurred in the head and neck region, while sclerosing type (10) (47.6%) mostly occurred in the extremities. Remaining three (14.2%) tumours were mixed (sclerosing with spindle cell type). Tumour areas resembling embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS) were noted in eight and three tumours respectively. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for desmin (21/21) (100%), MyoD1 (19/19) (100%), myogenin (13/15) (86.6%), SMA (2/3) and MIC2 (1/8) (12.5%). On FISH testing, none of the 10 tumours exhibited RMS1 (PAX3‐FOXO1) or RMS 2 (PAX7‐FOXO1) fusion. Eighteen patients underwent surgical resection and were offered adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) (4 cases), adjuvant CT + radiotherapy (RT) (4 cases) and adjuvant RT (1 case). Two patients underwent CT and a single patient received CT + RT. On follow‐up (16 cases) (2–36 months), six tumours recurred and nine metastasized. Spindle/sclerosing RMSs are aggressive tumours and occur commonly in the head and neck and extremity sites. These tumours are histopathologically interrelated. Their immunohistochemical and cytogenetic profile is closer to ERMS than ARMS.
Environmental control of glycogen and lipid content of Mycobacterium phlei.

SUMMARY: When the growth of surface cultures of Mycobacterium phlei was limited by nitrogen or sulphur, the organisms synthesized both glycogen and lipid as endogenous reserves. Equal weights of glycogen and lipid accumulated intracellularly which, combined, may account for 50 % of the cell dry weight. Both storage materials also accumulated when growth was inhibited by chloramphenicol or p-fluorophenylalanine in otherwise nutritionally adequate media. In the absence of exogenous carbon substrate, the glycogen and lipid reserves were utilized as energy and carbon for nitrogen incorporation and continued growth. Evidence is presented which suggests that glycogen may be the preferred endogenous reserve in M. phlei.
The Prevalence of Juvenile Huntington's Disease: A Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Juvenile Huntington’s disease (JHD) is usually defined as Huntington's disease with an onset ≤ 20 years. The proportion of JHD cases reported in studies of Huntington’s disease (HD) varies. A review of the literature found 62 studies that reported the proportion of JHD cases amongst all HD cases. The proportion of JHD cases in these studies ranged from 1% to 15%, and in a meta-analysis the pooled proportion of JHD cases was 4.92% (95% confidence interval of 4.07% to 5.84%). Limiting the analysis to the 25 studies which used multiple methods of ascertainment resulted in a similar pooled proportion of 5.32%, (95% confidence interval 4.18% to 6.60%). A small difference was observed when the meta-analysis was restricted to studies from countries defined by the World Bank as high income, that used multiple methods of ascertainment, and that were conducted since 1980 (4.81%, 95% confidence interval 3.31% to 6.58%, n=11). This contrasts with the pooled result from three post 1980 studies using multiple methods of ascertainment from South Africa and Venezuela, defined by the World Bank as upper middle income, where the estimated mean proportion was 9.95%, (95% confidence interval 6.37% to 14.22%). These results, which are expected to be more robust than those from a single study alone, may be helpful in estimating the proportion of JHD cases in a given population. Key Words: Juvenile Huntington’s disease, prevalence, epidemiology
Rethinking the Relationship between Social Experience and False-Belief Understanding: A Mentalistic Account

It was long assumed that the capacity to represent false beliefs did not emerge until at least age four, as evidenced by children’s performance on elicited-response tasks. However, recent evidence that infants appear to demonstrate false-belief understanding when tested with alternative, non-elicited-response measures has led some researchers to conclude that the capacity to represent beliefs emerges in the 1st year of life. This mentalistic view has been criticized for failing to offer an explanation for the well-established positive associations between social factors and preschoolers’ performance on elicited-response false-belief tasks. In this paper, we address this criticism by offering an account that reconciles these associations with the mentalistic claim that false-belief understanding emerges in infancy. We propose that rather than facilitating the emergence of the capacity to represent beliefs, social factors facilitate the use of this ability via effects on attention, inference, retrieval, and response production. Our account predicts that the relationship between social factors and false-belief understanding should not be specific to preschoolers’ performance in elicited-response tasks: this relationship should be apparent across the lifespan in a variety of paradigms. We review an accumulating body of evidence that supports this prediction.
MIT Sloan School of Management

User needs for a given product type can be quite heterogeneous. Segmenting the market and providing solutions for average user needs in each segment is a partial answer that will typically leave many dissatisfied – some seriously so. We hypothesize that providing users with “toolkits for user innovation” to enable them to more easily design customized products for themselves will increase user satisfaction under these conditions. We test this hypothesis via an empirical study of Apache security software – “open source” software that is designed to be modifiable by skilled users. We find that heterogeneity of need is high, and that many Apache users are dissatisfied with standard security functionality on offer. We also find that users creating their own software modifications are significantly more satisfied than are non-innovating users. We conclude by suggesting that the “toolkits for user innovation” approach to enhancing user satisfaction might be generally applicable to markets characterized by heterogeneous user needs.
A Comparison of Wood Density between Classical Cremonese and Modern Violins

Classical violins created by Cremonese masters, such as Antonio Stradivari and Giuseppe Guarneri Del Gesu, have become the benchmark to which the sound of all violins are compared in terms of their abilities of expressiveness and projection. By general consensus, no luthier since that time has been able to replicate the sound quality of these classical instruments. The vibration and sound radiation characteristics of a violin are determined by an instrument's geometry and the material properties of the wood. New test methods allow the non-destructive examination of one of the key material properties, the wood density, at the growth ring level of detail. The densities of five classical and eight modern violins were compared, using computed tomography and specially developed image-processing software. No significant differences were found between the median densities of the modern and the antique violins, however the density difference between wood grains of early and late growth was significantly smaller in the classical Cremonese violins compared with modern violins, in both the top (Spruce) and back (Maple) plates (p = 0.028 and 0.008, respectively). The mean density differential (SE) of the top plates of the modern and classical violins was 274 (26.6) and 183 (11.7) gram/liter. For the back plates, the values were 128 (2.6) and 115 (2.0) gram/liter. These differences in density differentials may reflect similar changes in stiffness distributions, which could directly impact vibrational efficacy or indirectly modify sound radiation via altered damping characteristics. Either of these mechanisms may help explain the acoustical differences between the classical and modern violins.
1 Earnings management in Malaysian IPOs : the East Asian crisis , ownership control and post-IPO performance 1

The paper provides general evidence of income-increasing earnings management in Malaysian IPOs but this occurs primarily during a period of severe economic stress (the East Asian crisis). The requirement to provide a profit guarantee appears to reduce rather than encourage earnings management. Within this high ownership concentration market, ownership concerns also appear to constrain IPO earnings management. Owners are willing to forego ‘opportunistic’ earnings management and signalling opportunities to increase their likelihood of retaining control of the company post-IPO. IPO companies engaging in aggressive earnings management have significantly worse market-based performance than their more conservative counterparts, but only during the economic crisis period. JEL classification: G32
Time window of autoreceptor‐mediated inhibition of limbic and striatal dopamine release

Forebrain dopamine release is under the local control of D2 family (D2 and D3) autoreceptors. In this study, autoreceptor‐mediated modulation of forebrain dopamine release was investigated using amperometry in brain slices following local electrical stimulation. 350 μm‐thick slices of nucleus accumbens or dorsolateral neostriatum were prepared from male Wistar rats (150–200 g) and superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at 32°C. Dopamine release was evoked by electrical pulses (0.1 ms, 10 mA) across bipolar tungsten stimulating electrodes and measured at carbon fibre microelectrodes using fixed potential amperometry (+300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). Peak dopamine release on stimulation (single pulse) was 0.75 μM (neostriatum) and 1.37 μM (nucleus accumbens). Metoclopramide (1 μM) had no significant effect on DA efflux from a single pulse in either region. Using paired pulse stimuli, dopamine release on the second pulse varied according to the interval between the two pulses. At very long intervals (>20 sec), dopamine release was similar to that for the first pulse. At shorter intervals, dopamine efflux was attenuated. Metoclopramide had no effect on second pulse dopamine release when the pulse was applied at short (<0.1 sec) or long (>5.0 sec) intervals after the first. At intermediate intervals, metoclopramide significantly increased second pulse dopamine release. The peak dopamine autoreceptor effect occurred at ∼550 ms in neostriatum and ∼700 ms in nucleus accumbens. The onset time is due both to diffusion of dopamine from the release sites to the autoreceptors and receptor‐effector mechanisms. These findings may have implications for the local control of forebrain dopamine function in physiological and pathological states. Synapse 44:15–22, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replicate, Replicate, Replicate

Replication is a standard part of scientific experimentation. Unfortunately, in software engineering, replication of experiments is often considered an inferior type of research, or not even research at all. In this paper we describe four different types of replication that we have been performing as part of validating the effectiveness and applicability of our software fault prediction research. We discuss replication over time, replication by using different subject systems, replication by changing the variables in prediction models, and replication by varying the modeling algorithms.
Effects of 5-day exercise training in elderly subjects on resting left ventricular diastolic function and VO2max.

We evaluated the effects of short-term, high-intensity exercise training and detraining on resting left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) and maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in 7 sedentary older (age = 68 +/- 4 years) men (n = 5) and women (n = 2). Training consisted of cycling for 60 min with power output set at 70% (Day 1), 80% (Day 2), and 90% (Days 3-5) of the pretraining peak work rate. Detraining consisted of a return to regular exercise habits. LVDF increased 10% in the early (E) flow velocity, decreased 18% in the late (A) flow velocity wave, and decreased 31% in the isovolumic relaxation time. VO2max was increased 12% while plasma volume (PV) increased 10% following training and returned to baseline after detraining. The exercise-induced change in VO2max was directly related to the change in E/A (r = .52) and indirectly related to the change in IVRT (r = -.62). It was concluded that short-term, high-intensity exercise training improves LVDF and is tolerated well in older subjects, and that the calculated changes in PV and aerobic power are similar to those observed previously in a younger population.
Insulin-like growth factor-II: new roles for an old actor

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), traditionally considered as a growth factor implicated in growth of fetal tissues and cancer cells, is now emerging as a potential metabolic regulator. The aim of this overview is to provide the available evidence, obtained in both experimental conditions and in humans, for a role of IGF-II in the fine-tuning of metabolism and body composition. The underlying mechanisms and the potential clinical implications are discussed.