Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Shama will not dance’: University of Khartoum politics, 1964–69

Abstract In 1968, the Democratic Front organized a folkloric dance recital at the University of Khartoum as a prelude to the upcoming student union elections, a recital that was opposed by the Islamic Movement. This dispute culminated in a riot in which a student was killed, an event referred to as the ‘Ajako incident’, which is discussed as the first recorded instance of inter-student violence at the university. Drawing on newspaper accounts from the time, secondary sources and first-hand interviews with participants, this article explores the clashing political and moral ideologies at stake within the University of Khartoum, and their links and affective power in relation to Khartoum politics more widely. In the process, it argues that the student political sphere did not simply function as a mirror to the wider political environment, but rather as a mobilizing ground for ideologically based parties, allowing more radical youth groups to influence national dialogues and put pressure on national political actors. Résumé En 1968, le Front démocratique organisa un récital de danse folklorique à l'université de Khartoum en prélude à des élections de syndicats étudiants, récital auquel s'opposait le Mouvement islamique. Ce conflit provoqua des émeutes qui firent un mort parmi les étudiants. Premier cas recensé de violence entre étudiants à l'université, cet évènement appelé « l'incident d'Ajako » est le sujet de cet article. S'appuyant sur les faits rapportés par la presse de l’époque, sur des sources secondaires et sur des entretiens avec des protagonistes, cet article explore les idéologies politiques et morales qui s'affrontaient à l'université de Khartoum, ainsi que leurs liens et leur pouvoir affectif au regard de la politique de Khartoum plus largement. Ce faisant, l'article soutient que la sphère politique étudiante ne fonctionnait pas simplement comme le miroir de l'environnement politique plus large, mais plutôt comme un terreau mobilisateur pour les partis à base idéologique, qui permettait à des groupes de jeunes plus radicaux d'influencer le dialogue national et de faire pression sur les acteurs politiques nationaux.
Exploring Corrective Feedback in Real-time Classrooms: Factors Mediating Teachers’ In-class Corrective Feedback Decisions

Abstract: Corrective feedback (CF) is the teacher’s response to the language learner’s erroneous or non-target-like output (Ellis, 2006; Li, 2010). Empirical evidence has shown that CF can effectively facilitate language acquisition. When it comes to real-time classrooms, the teacher is the sole decision maker of CF from moment to moment; however, CF is often investigated after it has been provided. This literature review outlines four contextual factors of instructors’ in-class CF decision making: student’s proficiency, curriculum design, student emotions, and teacher cognition. The paper closes with further considerations for research on CF that include classroom-to-classroom differences, teacher education programs, and student perceptions of CF.
One-pot DNA construction for synthetic biology: the Modular Overlap-Directed Assembly with Linkers (MODAL) strategy

Overlap-directed DNA assembly methods allow multiple DNA parts to be assembled together in one reaction. These methods, which rely on sequence homology between the ends of DNA parts, have become widely adopted in synthetic biology, despite being incompatible with a key principle of engineering: modularity. To answer this, we present MODAL: a Modular Overlap-Directed Assembly with Linkers strategy that brings modularity to overlap-directed methods, allowing assembly of an initial set of DNA parts into a variety of arrangements in one-pot reactions. MODAL is accompanied by a custom software tool that designs overlap linkers to guide assembly, allowing parts to be assembled in any specified order and orientation. The in silico design of synthetic orthogonal overlapping junctions allows for much greater efficiency in DNA assembly for a variety of different methods compared with using non-designed sequence. In tests with three different assembly technologies, the MODAL strategy gives assembly of both yeast and bacterial plasmids, composed of up to five DNA parts in the kilobase range with efficiencies of between 75 and 100%. It also seamlessly allows mutagenesis to be performed on any specified DNA parts during the process, allowing the one-step creation of construct libraries valuable for synthetic biology applications.
Voice-based marketing for agricultural products: a case study in rural Northern Ghana

We present a study conducted in rural Northern Ghana about issues around the marketing of agricultural products and the need of mobile-based ICT solutions. The need for the spread of information and web access to communities in developing countries has given rise to the design and development of numerous ICT solutions, many of which have focused on the recent increase of mobile usage in developing countries. The contributions of this paper are: 1) Empirical results from a field survey run in Northern Ghana, which points to issues of a lack of buyers, low price offers and lack of transportation to sale points as the main issues in marketing of agricultural products and also points to the potential for mobile-based ICT solutions to mitigate the pertinent issues within the case study, but also in other areas. 2) The development of a voice-based prototype that allows medium to large-scale farmers in rural areas to place advertisements on the World Wide Web. The prototype was evaluated based on functionality and feasibility, including financial sustainability.
Teacher rating of class essays written by students of English as a Second Language : a qualitative study of criteria and process

This study is concerned with a neglected aspect of the study of L2 English writing: the processes which teachers engage in when rating essays written by their own students for class practice, not exams, with no imposed rating/assessment scheme. It draws on writing assessment process research literature, although, apart from Huot (1993) and Wolfe et al. (1998), most work has been done on scoring writing in exam conditions using a set scoring rubric, where all raters rate the same essays. Eight research questions were answered from data gathered from six teachers, with a wide range of relevant training, but all teaching university pre-sessional or equivalent classes. Instruments used were general interviews, think aloud reports while rating their own students' essays, and follow up immediate retrospective interviews. Extensive qualitative coding was undertaken using NVivo. It was found that the teachers did not vary much in the core features that they claimed to recognise in general as typical of ‘good writing’, but varied more in what criteria they highlighted in practice when rating essays, though all used a form of analytic rating. Two thirds of the separate criteria coded were used by all the teachers but there were differences in preference for higher versus lower level criteria. Teachers also differed a great deal in the scales they used to sum up their evaluations, ranging from IELTS scores to just evaluative adjectives, and most claimed to use personal criteria, with concern for the consequential pedagogical value of their rating for the students more than achieving a test-like reliable score. A wide range of information sources was used to support and justify the rating decisions made, beyond the essay text, including background information about the writer and classmates, and teacher prior instruction. Teacher comments also evidenced concern with issues arguably not central to rating itself but rather exploring implications for the teacher and writer. Similar to Cumming et al. (2002), three broad stages of the rating process were identified: reading and exploiting information such as the writer’s name and the task prompt as well as perhaps skimming the text; reading and rereading parts of the essay, associated with interpretation and judgment; achievement of a summary judgment. In detail, however, each teacher had their own individual style of reading and of choice and use of criteria.
A statistical survey of ultralow‐frequency wave power and polarization in the Hermean magnetosphere

We present a statistical survey of ultralow‐frequency wave activity within the Hermean magnetosphere using the entire MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging magnetometer data set. This study is focused upon wave activity with frequencies <0.5 Hz, typically below local ion gyrofrequencies, in order to determine if field line resonances similar to those observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere may be present. Wave activity is mapped to the magnetic equatorial plane of the magnetosphere and to magnetic latitude and local times on Mercury using the KT14 magnetic field model. Wave power mapped to the planetary surface indicates the average location of the polar cap boundary. Compressional wave power is dominant throughout most of the magnetosphere, while azimuthal wave power close to the dayside magnetopause provides evidence that interactions between the magnetosheath and the magnetopause such as the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability may be driving wave activity. Further evidence of this is found in the average wave polarization: left‐handed polarized waves dominate the dawnside magnetosphere, while right‐handed polarized waves dominate the duskside. A possible field line resonance event is also presented, where a time‐of‐flight calculation is used to provide an estimated local plasma mass density of ∼240 amu cm−3.
Parental Attachment and Cyberbullying Experiences among Malaysian Children

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the links between the three factors of parental attachment (i.e., communication, trust, and alienation) and cyberbullying experiences among school-going children. A total of 375 students aged 9 to 16 years old were selected using stratified sampling method from 8 schools in Selangor. The authors adapted a 10-item instrument from the previous studies of Youth Internet Safety Survey (YISS) and EUkidsonline scales to assess the cyberbullying prevalence based on two sub-dimensions (online harassment and sex-based bullying). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to analyse the construct validity of the scales. Structural equation modelling (SEM) then was used to test the study hypotheses. The final model has an estimated that 10% (R 2 =.95) of the variance in cyberbullying is explained by parental attachment, indicating only the alienation factor predicted the children’s cyberbullying experiences. The findings, however, supported a differentiated approach to positive parenting.
Detecting Crosstalk Modules of Combined Networks : the Case for the NF-κ B and p 53

It has become increasingly clear that signalling pathways are extensively interconnected and are embedded in networks with common protein components. These components do not exist in isolation but may gather together to form crosstalk modules. Constructing these crosstalk modules has emerged as a good method to understand the mechanisms underlying the propagation of transduction signals in cell. In this paper, we have presented an advancement of the method, which is chiefly used to integrate multiple topological and functional data to detect crosstalk modules between NF-B and p53 signalling systems. Applying the Expectation Maximization (EM) clustering algorithm, we obtained the competitive results compared to the k-means algorithm. The EM algorithm as a soft clustering method is able to distinguish overlapping parts among clusters, and here we that it is potentially more sensible than the k-means algorithm in detecting the cross talking modules involved in the network interactions between the two systems NF-B and p53. In addition, the biological analyses support our findings, and propose testable hypotheses to which the functional networks are involved in along with their associated human diseases. Keywords-crosstalk modules, NFB network, p53 network,  data integration, systems biology multi-relational clustering.
The Role of Content Knowledge in Mathematics Teacher Preparation: A Study of Traditional and Alternative Teacher Preparation in Texas

Employing data from a stratified random survey of newly certified teachers in Texas, we compare the mathematical content preparation of traditional teacher program graduates with graduates of alternative programs. We find that graduates of traditional programs have statistically significantly higher content preparation even when taking precollege preparation into account. These findings were consistent across different types of alternative programs. Alternatively certified teachers reported higher college entrance exam scores in mathematics, but this was statistically significant only for Grades 4 to 8. After merging survey results with NCES (National Center for Education Statistics) data about the schools at which teachers were employed, we found similar demographic characteristics between the two types of teachers—alternatively certified teachers were not more likely to teach in disadvantaged schools. Finally, while the content preparation of teachers was consistent across types of schools, teachers in disadvantaged schools tended to have lower SAT and ACT scores for both alternatively and traditionally prepared teachers.
Chinese Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Child Version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

This study aimed to validate a Chinese’s adaption of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for children (CERQ-Ck). This self-report instrument evaluates nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies that can be used by children after experiencing a negative life event. The CERQ-Ck was evaluated in a sample of 1403 elementary students between the ages of 9 and 11 by using cluster sampling. All the item-correlation coefficients for CERQ-Ck were above 0.30. The internal consistencies of the nine factors suggested moderate reliability (0.66 to 0.73). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the current version had the same structure as the original instrument (Tucker–Lewis index = 0.912, comparative fit index = 0.922, root mean square error of approximation = 0.032, standardized root mean square residual = 0.044). A second-order factor and a third-order factor structure were also found. Test–retest correlations (0.53 to 0.70, ps < 0.01) over a period of 1 month, which ranged from acceptable to moderately strong were obtained from a random and stratified subsample of elementary students (N = 76). In addition, we analyzed convergent validity in relation to CERQ-Ck and the Chinese version of the Children’s Depression Inventory model dimensions with a subsample of 1083 elementary students. Multiple-group CFA confirmed the measurement invariance for both the male and female groups (ΔCFI < 0.01, ΔRMSEA < 0.015). Overall, results indicate that CERQ-Ck has similar psychometric properties to the original instrument as well as with adequate reliability and validity to investigate the nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies during late childhood developmental periods.
Imaging the cardiovascular pulse

We have developed a novel method to measure human cardiac pulse at a distance. It is based on the information contained in the thermal signal emitted from major superficial vessels. This signal is acquired through a highly sensitive thermal imaging system. Temperature on the vessel is modulated by pulsative blood flow. To compute the frequency of modulation (pulse), we extract a line-based region along the vessel. Then, we apply Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to individual points along this line of interest to capitalize on the pulse propagation effect. Finally, we use an adaptive estimation function on the average FFT outcome to quantify the pulse. We have tested the accuracy of our method on 5 subjects with highly successful results. The technology is expected to find applications among others in sustained physiological monitoring of cardiopulmonary diseases, sport training, sleep studies, and psychophysiology (polygraph).
Global Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Two Contrasting Barley Genotypes Exposed to Moderate Drought Conditions: Contribution of Leaves and Crowns to Water Shortage Coping Strategies

Drought is a serious threat for sustainable agriculture. Barley represents a species well adapted to environmental stresses including drought. To elucidate the adaptive mechanism of barley on transcriptional level we evaluated transcriptomic changes of two contrasting barley cultivars upon drought using the microarray technique on the level of leaves and crowns. Using bioinformatic tools, differentially expressed genes in treated vs. non-treated plants were identified. Both genotypes revealed tissue dehydration under drought conditions as shown at water saturation deficit and osmotic potential data; however, dehydration was more severe in Amulet than in drought-resistant Tadmor under the same ambient conditions. Performed analysis showed that Amulet enhanced expression of genes related to active plant growth and development, while Tadmor regarding the stimulated genes revealed conservative, water saving strategy. Common reactions of both genotypes and tissues included an induction of genes encoding several stress-responsive signaling proteins, transcription factors as well as effector genes encoding proteins directly involved in stress acclimation. In leaf, tolerant cultivar effectively stimulated mainly the expression of genes encoding proteins and enzymes involved in protein folding, sulfur metabolism, ROS detoxification or lipid biosynthesis and transport. The crown specific reaction of tolerant cultivar was an enhanced expression of genes encoding proteins and enzymes involved in cell wall lignification, ABRE-dependent abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, nucleosome remodeling, along with genes for numerous jasmonate induced proteins.
An Evaluation of Link Neighborhood Lexical Signatures to Rediscover Missing Web Pages

For discovering the new URI of a missing web page, lexical signatures, which consist of a small number of words chosen to represent the "aboutness" of a page, have been previously proposed. However, prior methods relied on computing the lexical signature before the page was lost, or using cached or archived versions of the page to calculate a lexical signature. We demonstrate a system of constructing a lexical signature for a page from its link neighborhood, that is the "backlinks", or pages that link to the missing page. After testing various methods, we show that one can construct a lexical signature for a missing web page using only ten backlink pages. Further, we show that only the first level of backlinks are useful in this effort. The text that the backlinks use to point to the missing page is used as input for the creation of a four-word lexical signature. That lexical signature is shown to successfully find the target URI in over half of the test cases.
Mid-Infrared Selection of Brown Dwarfs and High-Redshift Quasars

We discuss color selection of rare objects in a wide-field multiband survey spanning from the optical to the mid-infrared. Simple color criteria simultaneously identify and distinguish two of the most sought after astrophysical sources: the coolest brown dwarfs and the most distant quasars. We present spectroscopically confirmed examples of each class identified in the IRAC Shallow Survey of the Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. IRAC J142950.8+333011 is a T4.5 brown dwarf at a distance of approximately 30-40 pc, and IRAC J142738.5+331242 is a radio-loud quasar at redshift z = 6.12. Our selection criteria identify a total of four candidates over 8 deg2 of the Boötes field. The other two candidates are both confirmed 5.5 < z < 6 quasars, previously reported by Cool et al. (2006). We discuss the implications of these discoveries and conclude that there are excellent prospects for extending such searches to cooler brown dwarfs and higher redshift quasars.
A Near-Infrared Stellar Census of the Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy VII Zw 403

We present near-infrared single-star photometry for the low-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxy VII Zw 403. We achieve limiting magnitudes of F110W ≈ 25.5 and F160W ≈ 24.5 using one of the NICMOS cameras with the Hubble Space Telescope equivalents of the ground-based J and H filters. The data have a high photometric precision (0.1 mag) and are more than 95% complete down to magnitudes of about 23, far deeper than previous ground-based studies in the near-IR. The color-magnitude diagram contains about 1000 point sources. We provide a preliminary transformation of the near-IR photometry into the ground system. We investigate the tip of the red giant branch method in the J and H bands to provide an empirical distance calibration. Combining our result with globular cluster data as well as stellar-evolution models, we recommend MH,TRGB = -5.5(±0.1) for -2.3 < [Fe/H] < -1.5. We proceed to discuss the stellar content of VII Zw 403 using evolutionary tracks as well as a classification scheme based on optical and near-IR colors, and we comment on the detection of asymptotic giant branch stars and the blue Hertzprung gap. We use MH as an indicator of Mbol for red stars after evaluating BCH at low metallicity. We calculate the fractional contribution of individual stars from our color-magnitude diagram to the integrated light of VII Zw 403 and determine which red stellar population dominates the integrated colors. We find that young red supergiants, and young and intermediate-age asymptotic giants, together provide about 50% of the light in I, J, and H bands, whereas the old red giant stars contribute less than 15%. Young, main-sequence stars and blue supergiants account for the remaining light and dominate in V. This explains the difficulties in discerning the nature of blue compact dwarf galaxies when only integrated photometry is available.
Examination of Surface Deposits on Oldbury Reactor Core Graphite to Determine the Concentration and Distribution of 14C

Pile Grade A graphite was used as a moderator and reflector material in the first generation of UK Magnox nuclear power reactors. As all of these reactors are now shut down there is a need to examine the concentration and distribution of long lived radioisotopes, such as 14C, to aid in understanding their behaviour in a geological disposal facility. A selection of irradiated graphite samples from Oldbury reactor one were examined where it was observed that Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between underlying graphite and a surface deposit found on exposed channel wall surfaces. The concentration of 14C in this deposit was examined by sequentially oxidising the graphite samples in air at low temperatures (450°C and 600°C) to remove the deposit and then the underlying graphite. The gases produced were captured in a series of bubbler solutions that were analysed using liquid scintillation counting. It was observed that the surface deposit was relatively enriched with 14C, with samples originating lower in the reactor exhibiting a higher concentration of 14C. Oxidation at 600°C showed that the remaining graphite material consisted of two fractions of 14C, a surface associated fraction and a graphite lattice associated fraction. The results presented correlate well with previous studies on irradiated graphite that suggest there are up to three fractions of 14C; a readily releasable fraction (corresponding to that removed by oxidation at 450°C in this study), a slowly releasable fraction (removed early at 600°C in this study), and an unreleasable fraction (removed later at 600°C in this study).