Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiotic Layering through Gesture and Intonation

Face-to-face communication is multimodal. In face-to-face interaction scholars can observe the interplay of several “semiotic layers,” modalities of information such as syntax, discourse structure, gesture, and intonation. The authors explore the role of gesture in structuring and aligning information in spoken discourse through a study of (1) the complementary co-occurrence of gestural apices and intonational pitch accents and (2) the supplementary co-occurrence of metaphorical gestures and elements in discourse. In the naturally occurring political speech situation the authors examine, metaphorical spatialization through gesture is key in indexing contextual relationships among the speaker, the politicians or government, and other external forces. The use of gestures simultaneously aligns with intonation and metaphorically manipulates political entities in space. Discourse context and social meaning are thus constructed together through the spoken and gestural channels and are supported through fine-grained structural alignment between intonation and gesture.
Organisational justice and work-related attitudes in selected commercial banks in Jordan

This study investigated the relationship between employees’ perceptions of justice and work attitudes in relation to organisational structure in selected commercial banks in Jordan. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were employed. Data obtained from 308 participants of the questionnaires and 18 interviewees from ten commercial banks in Jordan suggested centralisation played a minor role in employees’ perceptions of justice and work related attitudes. Participation in decision making was not shown to shape employees’ perceptions of justice and work attitudes. Centralising authority related to performing employees’ own tasks (hierarchy of authority) increased employees’ perceptions of interactional justice and job satisfaction. Formalisation and standardisation accounted for greater perceptions of justice and higher levels of satisfaction with jobs and organisational commitment. Employees’ perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice increased the employees’ job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Irrespective of gender, tenure and age, employees perceived justice similarly. Managers, compared to subordinates, perceived higher levels of procedural and distributive justice. Employees from branches, compared to those from headquarters, reported greater perceptions of justice. The study showed that the more uncertain employees are and the more they seek to avoid ambiguous situations, the stronger the relationships among organisational structure, perceptions of justice, and work-related attitudes. Many of the conditions and reasons, whereby the effects of structural dimensions on perceptions of justice and work related attitudes were more possible, were identified. Similarly, many of the conditions whereby the effects of perceptions of justice on work attitudes were more possible were also identified. Among these conditions were uncertainty avoidance culture, risk avoidance, trust in managers, perceived bank support, and perceived managers’ support
The Mechanistic Structure Shift and Strategic Reorientation in Declining Firms Attempting Turnarounds

Past researchers have observed that decliningorganizations often experience mechanistic structuralchanges that centralize authority, increase reliance onformalized procedures, and reduce the amount of information flowing to top managers. Many haveproposed that this “mechanistic shift” indeclining organizations reduces their adaptivecapability by making innovative organizational change in response to decline less likely. However,despite much research on declining firms and theirturnaround attempts, many questions about mechanisticshifts remain, such as: (1) To what extent do declining firms become systematically mechanistic whentrying to recover from decline? (2) What aspects ofdeclining firms' situations make mechanistic shifts morelikely? (3) Do mechanistic shifts reduce the likelihood of large-scale strategic reorientation asdeclining firms attempt to recover? We sought answers tothese questions through an analysis of data fromin-depth interviews with top managers (mostly CEOs) at 29 U.S. firms attempting turnarounds fromdecline. Our primary finding was that mechanisticstructure shifts did restrict firms' abilities to changetheir strategic orientations in response to decline. Highlighting the important role of the contextof turnaround attempts, we further found the averagedeclining firm attempting a turnaround did not becomemore mechanistic, but that turnaround attempts launched from financial crises were significantly morelikely to lead to mechanistic shifts. Also, we foundthat the common practice of replacing the firm's CEOduring turnaround attempts had conflicting andparadoxical effects on firms' abilities to enact strategicreorientations.
The Paradigm Shift in Mathematics Education: Explanations and Implications of Reforming Conceptions of Teaching and Learning

In this article, we argue that the debates about mathematics education that have arisen in the United States over the past decade are the result of a major shift in how we conceptualize mathematical knowledge and mathematics learning. First, we examine past efforts to change mathematics education and argue they are grounded in a common traditional paradigm. Next, we describe the emergence of a new paradigm that has grown out of a coalescence of theories from cognitive psychology, an awareness of the importance of culture to learning, and the belief that all students can and should learn meaningful mathematics. Reforms grounded in the new paradigm have the potential to dramatically alter the way in which students—as well as which students— experience success in school mathematics. We discuss some implications of these reforms related to how mathematics educators might work with teachers of mathematics. An examination of articles and reports about what should be done to improve mathematics education in the United States can be alarming. One finds calls for more skill building and less use of calculators while at the same time there is a push to teach for understanding through the use of technology; there are textbooks deemed “superior” that require teachers to take students individually in lock-step fashion through a vast collection of skills and procedures, while another set of “excellent” texts position teachers as guides for cooperative learning activities through which students construct an understanding of a few key concepts (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2000; Clopton, McKeown, McKeown, & Clopton, 1999). Some want more standardized testing of mathematical skills, while others want more authentic assessments that are based on mathematical standards. One perspective holds tracking in mathematics to be inevitable while the other sees it as inequitable. Yet, everyone claims to want what is
Organizational Requirements of the SaeR Binding Sites for a Functional P1 Promoter of the sae Operon in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT In Staphylococcus aureus, the SaeRS two-component system controls the expression of multiple virulence factors. Of the two promoters in the sae operon, P1 is autoinduced and has two binding sites for the response regulator SaeR. In this study, we examined the organizational requirements of the SaeR binding sites in P1 for transcription activation. Mutational studies showed that both binding sites are essential for binding to phosphorylated SaeR (P-SaeR) and transcription activation. When the 21-bp distance between the centers of the two SaeR binding sites was altered to 26 bp, 31 bp, 36 bp, or 41 bp, only the 31-bp mutant retained approximately 40% of the original promoter activity. When the −1-bp spacing (i.e.,1-bp overlap) between the primary SaeR binding site and the −35 promoter region was altered, all mutant P1 promoters failed to initiate transcription; however, when the first nucleotide of the −35 region was changed from A to T, the mutants with 0-bp or 22-bp spacing showed detectable promoter activity. Although P-SaeR was essential for the binding of RNA polymerase to P1, it was not essential for the binding of the enzyme to the alpha-hemolysin promoter. When the nonoptimal spacing between promoter elements in P1 or the coagulase promoter was altered to the optimal spacing of 17 bp, both promoters failed to initiate transcription. These results suggest that SaeR binding sites are under rather strict organizational restrictions and provide clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of sae-mediated transcription activation.
Gender and Coastal Zone Biodiversity

Abstract The term ‘gender’ refers to socially determined roles and responsibilities of women and men and the relationship between them in society. The concept is widely misunderstood and seen as synonymous with women. If biodiversity is to survive, women and men both need to play a role in its management. To examine gender concerns in the use of coastal bio-resources, a study was undertaken in two villages in a typical coastal region in India. An attempt was made to identify the major changes in coastal zone biodiversity, over a period of two decades, during which great strides have occurred in marine fi sheries and aquaculture. A participatory appraisal of the positive and negative impacts of the changes on food and livelihood security revealed that development efforts in general improved the infrastructure for improving income, education and health. Sustainability issues such as the confl ict between paddy and shrimp farming, disease in coconuts, drinking water scarcity and pollution have contributed to deterioration of coastal zone bio-resources and pose challenges to basic household food security as perceived by both women and men. Biodiversity interventions help to maintain bio-resources, provide diverse occupations and ensure food security for the rural poor. Conservation of biodiversity can be achieved through the use of scientifi c innovations integrated with development schemes and linking them with self-help groups of women and men. Some successful biodiversity interventions by research institutes and development departments in the country that have been useful in educating the stakeholders on the importance of coastal zone management and maintenance of bio-resources are also discussed.
Quality Management of Academic Development Work: Implementation issues and challenges

This paper summarises current ideas about the place of academic development in the twenty‐first century university. It focuses on aligning the leadership and management of academic development work with the ‘ownership’ of such work by its key stakeholders—teaching academics, university management and the wider academic development community—and with an institutional quality agenda. It offers insights taken from the authors’ experiences in one AD unit over a five‐year period, and from the diverse perspectives on its work held by various stakeholders, into critical issues that underlie efforts to improve the management of academic development. It outlines the challenges in trying to elucidate the work of academic development within a quality management framework and argues for advancing its work through clearer articulation of its principles, standards, performance tracking and intended impact. Cet article dresse un bilan des idées courantes en ce qui a trait au rôle du développement pédagogique au sein de l’université du 21e siècle. L’article établit un lien entre le leadership et la gestion des programmes de développement pédagogique, et la ‘propriété’ de ces programmes par les participants—le personnel enseignant, les administrateurs universitaires et la communauté du développement pédagogique dans son ensemble—de même que les orientations institutionnelles en matière de qualité. L’article repose sur l’expérience des auteurs, acquise au sein d’un centre de développement pédagogique durant cinq années, de même que sur l’expérience des divers partenaires en ce qui a trait aux activités du centre de développement pédagogique, et nous éclaire sur les efforts entrepris pour améliorer la gestion du développement pédagogique. L’article élabore au sujet des défis que pose le développement pédagogique dans un contexte de gestion de la qualité et soutient que le développement des activités en matière de développement pédagogique passe par une clarification des principes, des standards, du suivi de la performance et de l’impact envisagé.
Powerlessness and Impossibility in Special Education: a Qualitative Study on Professional Burnout from a Lacanian Perspective

This article describes how experiences of professional burnout and difficulty in the job are linked to people’s expectations concerning the outcomes they aim to realize. Based on a random sample of respondents to a burnout questionnaire, two groups of special educators were interviewed. The interview data are interpreted taking Lacanian psychoanalytic theory about how people deal with their subjective lack as a point of departure. We conclude that burnt out people can be characterized by their imaginary stance towards outcomes (they cherish clear images of the products of their efforts, feel powerless, tend to fuse with the other, have the impression that the other is taking advantage of them and feel unable to speak freely). By contrast, the group with a low burnout score can be typified by their symbolic distance towards their job experiences and outcomes (they support the other in the process of realizing outcomes, feel impossibility, react with creativity and speak freely).
Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments

This paper provides evidence that free riders are heavily punished even if punishment is costly and does not provide any material benefits for the punisher. The more free riders negatively deviate from the group standard the more they are punished. As a consequence, the existence of an opportunity for costly punishment causes a large increase in cooperation levels because potential free riders face a credible threat. We show, in particular, that in the presence of a costly punishment opportunity almost complete cooperation can be achieved and maintained although, under the standard assumptions of rationality and selfishness, there should be no cooperation at all. We also show that free riding causes strong negative emotions among cooperators. The intensity of these emotions is the stronger the more the free riders deviate from the group standard. Our results provide, therefore, support for the hypothesis that emotions are guarantors of credible threats.
Two cases of burning mouth syndrome treated with olanzapine

Two case reports of patients suffering from burning mouth syndrome (BMS), a type of somatoform disorder, who were treated with olanzapine are discussed. One case was a 54‐year‐old female with BMS who failed to respond to milnacipran treatment. Olanzapine (2.5 mg/day) brought about dramatic improvement in the patient's symptoms, and thereafter milnacipran withdrawal further eliminated her symptoms. The second case was a 51‐year‐old male with BMS who failed to respond to paroxetine treatment. Olanzapine (2.5 mg/day) was added to the treatment regimen and increased to 5.0 mg/day the following week. The patient noted a reduction in symptoms and continued to live normally thereafter without experiencing severe symptoms. These findings suggest that olanzapine may be useful in the treatment of BMS.
Effect of mutator P. aeruginosa on antibiotic resistance acquisition and respiratory function in cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis patients suffer from recurrent bacterial infections that result in progressive deterioration of their respiratory function. Despite intensive antibiotic treatment, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of such infections, with clones progressively developing multiple antibiotic resistance. We determined the relationship between the presence of P. aeruginosa mutator strains and cystic fibrosis clinical characteristics.
GLay: community structure analysis of biological networks

Summary: GLay provides Cytoscape users an assorted collection of versatile community structure algorithms and graph layout functions for network clustering and structured visualization. High performance is achieved by dynamically linking highly optimized C functions to the Cytoscape JAVA program, which makes GLay especially suitable for decomposition, display and exploratory analysis of large biological networks. Availability: http://brainarray.mbni. med.umich.edu/glay/ Contact: sugang@umich.edu
Integration and Segregation in Mainstreaming Programs for Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairments

Abstract This article describes an investigation of 26 mainstreaming programs for students with hearing impairments from pre‐kindergarten through high school. The purpose of the study was to examine selection criteria, quality and quantity of mainstreaming time, and available support services. Students were found to be mainstreamed according to a number of criteria reported in the literature such as academic performance, hearing loss, and interpersonal skills, but also were affected by the willingness of regular education teachers to accept them into their classrooms. Academic mainstreaming was infrequent, and classroom observations showed that children with hearing impairments often appeared to be not well integrated into classroom activities. Programs varied considerably on all variables examined, including support services; in particular sign language interpreting was offered in some programs, available to a limited extent in others, but in many cases not at all. Clearer definitions of mainstreaming ar.
The “Overtime Culture” in a Global Corporation

This article uses a multilevel model to study financial professionals' expressed interest in working part-time. The sample includes 260 financial professionals in the United States, Hong Kong, and Great Britain who do similar work for one division of one multinational company headquartered in the United States. The authors find that the hours worked are similarly long across countries. Critical constituents, that is, employees with family responsibilities, are most likely to be interested in part-time work. Even net of critical constituency, however, Hong Kong finance professionals are much more likely than their American and British counterparts to be interested in reduced-hour arrangements. American finance professionals are least likely to express interest in working part-time, suggesting a strongly American emphasis on a culture of overtime in this U.S.-headquartered global company.
Negotiating the insider/outsider continua: a Black female hearing perspective on research with Deaf women and Black women

This article discusses a number of epistemological dilemmas faced by a Black female hearing researcher while conducting research with culturally Deaf women during a PhD pilot study. It makes some comparisons with experiences of research with Black women in the same study. It uses a theoretical framework of ‘Africanist Sista-hood in Britain’ to reflect issues of privilege and power in research relationships as well as issues of commonality and difference. It takes the specific experiences of the researcher’s reflections to add to current discourse on insider/outsider positions in research, by applying some of the debates to the discourse of Deaf/hearing relations. It both begins with and ends with perspectives on research as interpretive partial and situated when undertaking any qualitative research study.
Music Structure and Emotional Response: Some Empirical Findings

Eighty-three music listeners completed a questionnaire in which thev provided information about the occurrence of a range of physical reactions while listening to music. Shivers down the spine, laughter, tears and lump in the throat were reported by over 80(% of respondents. Respondents were asked to locate specific musical passages that reliably evoked such responses. Structural analysis of these passages showed that tears were most reliablN evoked by passages containing sequences and appogiaturas, while shivers were most reliably evoked by passages containing new or unexpected harmonies. The data generally support theoretical approaches to elmotion based on confirmations and violations of expectancv.
A Business Case Study of Open Source Software

Abstract : This paper was prepared as part of The MITRE Corporation's FY00 Mission-Oriented Investigation and Experimentation (MOIE) research project "Open Source Software in Military Systems. " The paper analyzes the business case of open source software. It is intended to help Program Managers evaluate whether open source software and development methodologies are applicable to their technology programs. In the Executive Summary, the paper explains open source, describes its significance, compares open source to traditional commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products, presents the military business case, shows the applicability of Linux to the military business case, analyzes the use of Linux, discusses anomalies, and provides considerations for military Program Managers. The paper also provides a history of Unix and Linux, presents a business case model, and analyzes the commercial business case of Linux.
Optimal state feedback control of streaks and görtler vortices induced by free-stream vortical disturbances

A framework for active wall-transpiration control of spatially developing, pre-transitional, boundary-layer flows over flat and concave walls (in the streamwise direction) is developed. The controller is designed to suppress the energy growth of streaks and Görtler vortices (with emphasis on the latter) induced by free-stream vortical disturbances within an incompressible boundary layer. The control framework uses the primitive variables, velocity and pressure. The flow model is based on the linearised unsteady boundary-region (LUBR) equations, which are the rigorous asymptotic form of the Navier-Stokes equations in the limit of low frequency and long-streamwise wavelength. At a particular wavenumber, the effect of free-stream turbulence appears as explicit forcing of these equations which is obtained by asymptotic matching with the far field conditions. An optimal control problem that accounts for this explicit forcing is formulated and solved. The objective cost function that is minimised comprises the weighted energy of the streaks/Cortler vortices and of the actuation. Results show the effectiveness of the developed control approach.
An Application of Motivating Language Theory in Mexican Organizations

The purpose of the current study was to extend organizational communication scholarship by examining the influence of culture on the use of motivating language by supervisors in Mexican organizations. Furthermore, the influence of motivating language on employees’ perceptions of their supervisors’ communication competence and their own job satisfaction and organizational commitment was examined. Participants included 158 full-time employees from a number of organizations located in Mexico. The current findings indicate that supervisors in organizations located in Mexico, tend to use direction-giving language most frequently followed by meaning-making language and empathetic language. Direction-giving language was also indicated as the greatest predictor of communication and organizational outcomes. A discussion of the current findings highlighting expectancy violations theory was also offered.