Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assimilation, Integration and the Construction of Identity: The experience of Chinese cross-boundary and newly arrived students in Hong Kong schools

Abstract This paper explores how two student groups, namely cross-boundary (CBS) and newly arrived students (NAS) from mainland China are assimilated or integrated in the construction of identity in Hong Kong schools and society as a whole. Research methods include in-depth individual interviews with the target students and their parents, and the administration of a picture-sociometric and writing exercise to explore their views on cultural and national identity. The findings reveal that these students principally defined their identities with respect to the references: (1) their birthplace, (2) their place of residence, and (3) the answers given by their parents. Relatively, NAS are more certain about their Hong Kong identity than the CBS. In addition, Hong Kong schooling is found to be one of the key acculturative agents for cultural assimilation. Drawing on the findings of the qualitative study of the students’ school experiences and perceptions of their national identity, this paper discusses the differences and similarities of these two student groups in the process of identity construction
Much Obliged: Volunteering, Normative Activities, and Willingness to Serve on Juries

Although compulsory, many people treat jury duty as voluntary. This article examines the conceptual and empirical links between participating in voluntary activity and stated willingness to serve on a jury. We also consider the role of engaging in other normative behaviors. Analysis of 1,304 US citizens in the Survey of Texas Adults showed an initial relationship between volunteering and willingness to serve, net of personal resources, prior jury service, and prosocial attitudes. However, indicators of normative activities (voting, contacting elected officials, keeping up with medical appointments, and avoiding bars) largely eliminated this relationship. People who volunteered some, but not too much, were more willing; an analysis of domains of volunteering showed that engaging in public service work predicted willingness. Results suggest that the public service and duty‐based nature of jury participation should be emphasized to understand willingness to serve and to consider novel ways to increase summons responses.
F for fake: four studies on how we fall for phish

This paper reports findings from a multi-method set of four studies that investigate why we continue to fall for phish. Current security advice suggests poor spelling and grammar in emails can be signs of phish. But a content analysis of a phishing archive indicates that many such emails contain no obvious spelling or grammar mistakes and often use convincing logos and letterheads. An online survey of 224 people finds that although phish are detected approximately 80% of the time, those with logos are significantly harder to detect. A qualitative interview study was undertaken to better understand the strategies used to identify phish. Blind users were selected because it was thought they may be more vulnerable to phishing attacks, however they demonstrated robust strategies for identifying phish based on careful reading of emails. Finally an analysis was undertaken of phish as a literary form. This identifies the main literary device employed as pastiche and draws on critical theory to consider why security based pastiche may be currently very persuasive.
Sociological Inquiry and Disaster Research

This article reviews and critiques recent studies of hazards and disasters from a general sociological perspective. Historical attempts to define and interpret disasters in sociological terms are important, and such efforts inevitably raise basic questions about the social order. C. E. Fritz's earlier definition of disaster is revised to reflect the growing awareness in the field that patterns within the social order are both causes and consequences of environmental vulnerability. The revised definition points to four core dimensions of disaster: events, impacts, social units, and responses. Using the latter two for illustrative purposes, recent research on social networks and organizational forms of association related to disasters is highlighted. This section is followed by a review of the kinds of questions that sociologists have been asking about the social order, as evidenced by several recent large-scale studies. While contemporary work has greater substantive breadth and more methodological rigor than earlier studies, there are continuities over time as well. The paper closes by presenting some comments about interdisciplinary and cross-cultural research on disasters.
Extended wavelength avalanche photodiodes

The ability to detect optical signals beyond 1. 65µm is of technological interest for a number of applications. In this work we describe a novel technology that offers considerable promise for high speed, high sensitivity detection in this region utilising avalanche gain. InGaAs/GaAsSb type II superlattices as the absorption region and InAlAs as the multiplication region can be combined to form a separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiode (APD), all grown lattice matched on InP substrates. Detection at room temperature to beyond 2.4 µm can be readily achieved as can gains in excess of 40.
Probing the reaching–grasping network in humans through multivoxel pattern decoding

The quest for a putative human homolog of the reaching–grasping network identified in monkeys has been the focus of many neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in recent years. These studies have shown that the network underlying reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp movements includes the superior parieto‐occipital cortex (SPOC), the anterior part of the human intraparietal sulcus (hAIP), the ventral and the dorsal portion of the premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex (M1). Recent evidence for a wider frontoparietal network coding for different aspects of reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp actions calls for a more fine‐grained assessment of the reaching–grasping network in humans by exploiting pattern decoding methods (multivoxel pattern analysis—MVPA).
Validation of the Raycome RBP-1200 upper-arm pulse wave device in children aged 3–12 years according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation protocol

Objective To validate the accuracy of Raycome RBP-1200 used for blood pressure (BP) measurements in Chinese children aged 3–12 years according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI)/International Organization for Standardization 81060-2:2013(E) protocol. Methods A prospective observational study was carried out using ‘the same arm sequential method’ as described in the AAMI protocol. Eighty-seven children participated in this examination and 255 paired-determinations were analyzed. Results The BP difference between the RBP-1200 and the mercury sphygmomanometer device was −0.9±5.3 mmHg for systolic BP and −1.1±5.0 mmHg for diastolic BP, which were within the range of ±5±8 mmHg as required by criterion 1 of the AAMI protocol. The SD of the averaged difference for each participant was 4.1 mmHg for systolic BP and 3.9 mmHg for diastolic BP, which were also within the requirement of criterion 2 of the AAMI protocol. Conclusion The Raycome RBP-1200 device fulfills the requirements of the AAMI protocol and it can be recommended for BP measurements in Chinese children aged 3–12 years with low or normal BP values.
Altruistic emotion, cognition, and behavior

Preface and Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Philosophical and Theoretical Roots 3. Prosocial Emotion: Methods and Current Research 4. Attributions About Others and their Prosocial Actions 5. The Development of Self-Perceptions 6. Role Taking, Attributions About the Origins of Another's Dependency, and Problem-Solving 7. Altruistic Values and Moral Judgment 8. Prosocial Moral Judgment: Cross-Cultural Research 9. A Model of Prosocial Moral Reasoning 10. The Role of Altruistic Affect and Cognitions in Behavior. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
Patterns Of Drug Prescribing In A Hospital In Dubai, United Arab Emirates

To determine the pattern of drug prescription by consultants in a private hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 1190 prescriptions were collected from the hospital’s pharmacy over 30 days. In total, 2659 drugs were prescribed. The mean number of drugs per encounter was 2.2. Only 4.4% of all drugs prescribed were generic. Polypharmacy was observed in only 7.5% of all encounters. Information about the prescribing physician and the patient was invariably deficient. Name of patient, age, and gender were absent in 2.9%, 9.7%, and 12% of prescriptions, respectively. In addition, none of the prescriptions mentioned address, diagnosis, or allergy of the patient. Name of physician, signature, speciality and license or registration number were omitted in 12.2%, 10.3%, 20.3%, and 54.9% of prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed therapeutic classes of drugs (and principal drug in each class) were as follows: 23.4% non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, Diclofenac sodium being 51.6%), 21.4% antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate 13.5%), and 11.5% gastrointestinal drugs (GI, Hyoscine-N-butylbromide 28.1%). Other therapeutic classes included endocrine drugs (6.1%), vitamin supplements (5.9%), nasal decongestants (4%), antihistaminics (3.8%) and cardiovascular drugs (2.6%). Antibiotic injections accounted for 7.4% of all antibiotics prescribed, which was equivalent to 1.6% of all prescriptions. Other agents prescribed in small proportions of encounters collectively amounted to 21.3%. This study reveals the prescription trends, and indicates possible areas of improvement in prescription practice.
E-mail-based Exercises in Happiness, Physical Activity and Readings: A Randomized Trial on 3274 Finns

Objective: Rigorous research in the last decade has demonstrated the efficacy of specific techniques in positive psychology that enhance psychological well-being. Online positive psychology interventions have the potential to enhance positive well-being in large audiences, including hard-to-reach target groups. There is lack of data on the effect of positive psychology exercises on happiness and on depressive symptoms in comparison with physical activity exercises and a placebo group. Methods: The Finnish Happiness-Flourishing Study (FHFS) included a TV-program on happiness interventions, a happiness website and an email-based happiness exercise intervention. A three-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted on 3274 Finnish adults in 2011. The participants were assigned to receive happiness exercises, tailored physical activity exercises or reading exercises on happiness (i.e. placebo). The statistical analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle and linear random effects models. Results: The overall happiness scores increased (X 2 =7.83, df=3, p=0.05) and depressive symptoms decreased (X 2 =5.5, df=1, p=0.02) during the intervention, with more pronounced changes among women. The order of the four different happiness exercises did not have a systematic effect on the happiness score. The exercise on good deeds had the strongest effect on the improvement of the happiness score (change =4.50, 95% CI=2.47-6.52) whereas for the optimism exercise there was no improvement (change=0.46, 95% CI=-1.55-2.48). In the physical exercise group, there was an increase in the proportion of physically active subjects as compared with the placebo reading-group (X 2 =8.4, df=1, p=0.004). Conclusions: This study produced further evidence on the effectiveness of web-based happiness exercises. The results amplify the need for tailored online interventions for reducing well-being disparities. Further studies also need to increase the current understanding of the relative importance of variety in the application of positive interventions. Online positive psychology interventions are a potential tool in helping reduce well-being disparities, particularly among populations with little access to other services.
Puerto Rican Segregation in the United States: Cause or Consequence of Economic Status?

Using a simultaneous equations model, this study examines cross-metropolitan variations in Puerto Rican residence and economic status. The study addresses the question: Are patterns of Puerto Rican residence a cause and/or consequence of Puerto Rican economic status? Our analytical approach is distinguished by its modeling of bi-directional causal relationships between residential location and income that are mediated partially by female headship rates and male labor force participation rates. The results from our weighted two-stage least squares regression analyses suggest that I) patterns of Puerto Rican segregation are a consequence of their economic status; and 2) the effect of segregation on median income is mediated by female headship and labor force participation rates. We also find evidence to suggest that the relationships between residential location and economic status for Puerto Ricans differ in important ways from those observed for Blacks and other Latino groups.
The Influence of Incentive Structure on Group Performance in Assembly Lines and Teams

ABSTRACT: Modern manufacturing settings increasingly rely upon workgroups; however, evidence concerning the best fit among incentive structure, production environment, and group performance has been mixed. Young et al. (1993) examine the effect of group incentives on group performance in cooperative and noncooperative environments. Although theory and evidence from practice indicate that group incentives combined with cooperation should result in higher group performance, their results were contrary to this prediction. To further explore this issue, we examine the effect of individual, group, and mixed incentive structures on group performance in assembly lines and teams. We find no difference in group performance depending on incentive structure for assembly lines; however, group performance is higher under group incentives for teams. Supplemental analysis indicates group incentives support the teams’ ability to implement beneficial task strategies and although mixed incentives are theoretically appealin.
Discretion in employment relations policy among foreign-controlled multinationals in Canada

This article assesses the extent to which the foreign-controlled subsidiaries of multinational firms have the discretion to establish their employment relations policies. Drawing on a survey of the activities of foreign-controlled multinational companies in Canada, it considers three lines of analysis: the parent company’s country of origin, the subsidiary’s specific organizational capabilities and its position in global value chains. While our results confirm that US-controlled subsidiaries have lower discretion than those from continental Europe and Asia, they also highlight the need to go beyond country-of-origin analysis. Organizational capabilities and the subsidiary’s role in global value chains are also important predictors of subsidiary discretion on employment relations policy.
The Effects of Verbal Mediation Training on the Problem‐Solving Skills of Children with Partial Sight and Children without Visual Impairments

Abstract Thirty children with partial sight and 30 children with unimpaired sight aged between 8 and 12 years were randomly assigned to either verbal mediation or visual mediation training regimes. Participants were asked to complete four variations of the Tower of Hanoi puzzle and success on the task was judged on the basis of the number of moves and time taken to complete the puzzles. Children with visual impairments had some difficulty in adjusting to the requirements of the problem‐solving tasks. However, on the final and most difficult of the tasks (a four‐disc problem), the children with impaired sight performed very much like participants without visual impairments. The effect of verbal mediation training was superior to that of visual mediation training in the final trials of the four‐disc problem‐solving period for both children with partial sight and children without visual impairments.
Security requirements formalized with OCL in a model-driven approach

Security requirements are properties that have to be guaranteed for an application. Such guarantees can be given using verification. But there is a huge gap between security requirements expressed with human language and formal security properties that can be verified. This paper presents the use of OCL to formalize security requirements in a model-driven approach for security-critical applications. SecureMDD is such a model-driven approach. It uses UML to model the application and OCL to specify the security requirements. From the application model and the contained OCL constraints, a formal specification of the application including the security properties is generated automatically. This specification is used to verify application-specific security properties that matches a lot of security requirements much better than application-independent security properties like secrecy, integrity and confidentiality. We demonstrate how to concretize security requirements as well as the use of OCL constraints to specify security requirements, the transformation from OCL constraints into algebraic specifications and the use of those specifications to verify the security requirements using an electronic ticketing system as a case study.
Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Indoprofen¶

Abstract The photophysical properties and photochemistry of indoprofen (INP) have been investigated. Absorption and emission spectroscopies in phosphate buffer, ethanol and ether show that INP photophysics is dominated by a singlet–singlet transition of ππ* character. INP fluoresces at room temperature, with a quantum yield ∼0.04. Flash photolysis experiments together with the lack of phosphorescence at room temperature point to a very weak intersystem crossing. The photoreactivity of INP is centered on the propionic acid chain and gives rise to photoproducts similar to those obtained with other arylpropionic acids (ethyl, hydroxyethyl and acetyl derivatives). Thus, irradiation of INP in aqueous buffer results in photodecarboxylation and leads mainly to oxidative compounds whose proportions increase with increasing oxygen concentration. These data suggest a photoreactivity occurring from the excited singlet state.
Computer habits and behaviours among young children in Singapore†

This exploratory research project was aimed at developing baseline data on computer habits and behaviours among preschool children in Singapore. Three sets of data were collected from teachers, parents and children which are (1) why and how young children use computers; (2) what are the key physical, social and health habits and behaviours of children when using the computer and (3) what is the role of adults during children's computer use. The information gathered from the study can be used to inform teachers, parents and other stakeholders on preschool children's computer habits and behaviours and if necessary, to develop preventive programmes to protect preschool children against potential physical, health and social risks of computer use as well as address any potential negative habits or behaviours as early as possible and before they have an impact on their later schooling years.
Molecular determinants of the interactions between proteins and ssDNA

Significance The association between proteins and DNA, which is essential for many biological functions, very often produces high-affinity complexes, in which the protein retains the ability to move along the DNA. These features are common to the binding of proteins either to dsDNA or ssDNA. Although protein–dsDNA interactions have been well-explored, research in the field of protein–ssDNA complexes is still in its infancy, particularly on the theoretical and computational fronts. The major factors that complicate the prediction of protein–ssDNA compared with protein–dsDNA complexes are the much greater flexibility of ssDNA compared with dsDNA and the larger heterogeneity of their interfaces. Here, we begin to fill this gap by developing a minimalist computational model to predict the protein–ssDNA binding mode. ssDNA binding proteins (SSBs) protect ssDNA from chemical and enzymatic assault that can derail DNA processing machinery. Complexes between SSBs and ssDNA are often highly stable, but predicting their structures is challenging, mostly because of the inherent flexibility of ssDNA and the geometric and energetic complexity of the interfaces that it forms. Here, we report a newly developed coarse-grained model to predict the structure of SSB–ssDNA complexes. The model is successfully applied to predict the binding modes of six SSBs with ssDNA strands of lengths of 6–65 nt. In addition to charge–charge interactions (which are often central to governing protein interactions with nucleic acids by means of electrostatic complementarity), an essential energetic term to predict SSB–ssDNA complexes is the interactions between aromatic residues and DNA bases. For some systems, flexibility is required from not only the ssDNA but also, the SSB to allow it to undergo conformational changes and the penetration of the ssDNA into its binding pocket. The association mechanisms can be quite varied, and in several cases, they involve the ssDNA sliding along the protein surface. The binding mechanism suggests that coarse-grained models are appropriate to study the motion of SSBs along ssDNA, which is expected to be central to the function carried out by the SSBs.
Wives and Husbands: Social Class, Gender, and Class Identification in the U.S.

Two decades after Joan Acker (1973) castigated mainstream stratification research for its `intellectual sexism', the debate over the impact that married women's paid employment has on class analysis is perhaps the most controversial issue in social stratification. Using two decades of survey data from the U.S., we assess the conditions under which wife's class affects the class identification of both spouses. Our principal findings include: (a) although the class positions of both spouses have an impact on class identification, husband's class is more important; (b) the explanatory power of wife's class does not appear to depend on gender inequality for men but does so for women; and (c) in certain situations, wife's class significantly modifies or reverses the class leanings expected on the basis of husband's position.
Global Value Chains and Technological Capabilities: A Framework to Study Learning and Innovation in Developing Countries

This paper presents a critical review of the global value chain (GVC) literature in light of the “technological capabilities” approach to innovation in less-developed countries (LDCs). Participation in GVC is beneficial for firms in LDCs, which are bound to source technology internationally. However, the issues of learning and technological efforts at the firm level remain largely hidden in the GVC literature. We propose a shift in the empirical and theoretical agenda, arguing that research should integrate the analysis of the endogenous process of technological capability development, including specific firm-level efforts, and of the mechanisms allowing knowledge to flow within and between different global value chains into the GVC literature.