Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks

We present an overview of ad hoc routing protocols that make forwarding decisions based on the geographical position of a packet's destination. Other than the destination's position, each node need know only its own position and the position of its one-hop neighbors in order to forward packets. Since it is not necessary to maintain explicit routes, position-based routing does scale well even if the network is highly dynamic. This is a major advantage in a mobile ad hoc network where the topology may change frequently. The main prerequisite for position-based routing is that a sender can obtain the current position of the destination. Therefore, previously proposed location services are discussed in addition to position-based packet forwarding strategies. We provide a qualitative comparison of the approaches in both areas and investigate opportunities for future research.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infant Infection Adversely Affects Growth and Development in Maternally HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Infants in Zambia

Maternally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed but seronegative Zambian infants had reduced length and psychomotor development associated with human cytomegalovirus infection. Slower growth was also associated with human cytomegalovirus in HIV-unexposed infants. We conclude that human cytomegalovirus impacts negatively on child health in HIV-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
Neurodevelopmental attributes of joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: Update and perspectives

In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to the extra‐articular and extra‐cutaneous manifestations of joint hypermobility syndrome, also termed Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (i.e., JHS/EDS‐HT). Despite the fact that the current diagnostic criteria for both disorders remain focused on joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal pain and skin changes, medical practice and research have started investigating a wide spectrum of visceral, neurological and developmental complications, which represent major burdens for affected individuals. In particular, children with generalized joint hypermobility often present with various neurodevelopmental issues and can be referred for neurological consultation. It is common that investigations in these patients yield negative or inconsistent results, eventually leading to the exclusion of any structural neurological or muscle disorder. In the context of specialized clinics for connective tissue disorders, a clear relationship between generalized joint hypermobility and a characteristic neurodevelopmental profile affecting coordination is emerging. The clinical features of these patients tend to overlap with those of developmental coordination disorder and can be associated with learning and other disabilities. Physical and psychological consequences of these additional difficulties add to the chief manifestations of the pre‐existing connective tissue disorder, affecting the well‐being and development of children and their families. In this review, particular attention is devoted to the nature of the link between joint hypermobility, coordination difficulties and neurodevelopmental issues in children. Presumed pathogenesis and management issues are explored in order to attract more attention on this association and nurture future clinical research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct Coping Profiles Are Associated With Mental Health Differences in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the unique coping strategies of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals in the United States used to manage gender-related stress, and examined associations between specific coping profiles and mental health. METHODS Data were from 316 participants in the 2014-2015 Transgender Stress and Health Study, an online study of TGNC mental and sexual health. A factor analysis of the coping measure (Brief COPE) was followed by a k-means cluster analysis to evaluate distinct profiles of coping with gender-related stress. Proportional odds models and logistic regression models indicated how coping profiles related to levels of self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality. RESULTS A 4-factor structure was identified with three distinct profiles of coping with gender-related stress, each representative of the frequency (high or low) in which participants used functional and dysfunctional coping strategies: (a) high-functional/low-dysfunctional, (b) high-functional/high-dysfunctional, and (c) low-functional/low-dysfunctional. There were significant differences in depressive symptoms and suicidality based on distinct gender-related coping profiles. The high-functional/high-dysfunctional group reported significantly poorer mental health compared with the high-functional/low-dysfunctional group. CONCLUSION To improve mental health outcomes in TGNC individuals, health providers and researchers should strive to not only promote functional coping strategies for managing gender-related stress but also decrease dysfunctional coping strategies.
Development of an Experimental Animal Model for Lower Back Pain by Percutaneous Injury‐Induced Lumbar Facet Joint Osteoarthritis

We report generation and characterization of pain‐related behavior in a minimally invasive facet joint degeneration (FJD) animal model in rats. FJD was produced by a non‐open percutaneous puncture‐induced injury on the right lumbar FJs at three consecutive levels. Pressure hyperalgesia in the lower back was assessed by measuring the vocalization response to pressure from a force transducer. After hyperalgesia was established, pathological changes in lumbar FJs and alterations of intervertebral foramen size were assessed by histological and imaging analyses. To investigate treatment options for lumber FJ osteoarthritis‐induced pain, animals with established hyperalgesia were administered with analgesic drugs, such as morphine, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) (ketorolac), or pregabalin. Effects were assessed by behavioral pain responses. One week after percutaneous puncture‐induced injury of the lumbar FJs, ipsilateral primary pressure hyperalgesia developed and was maintained for at least 12 weeks without foraminal stenosis. Animals showed decreased spontaneous activity, but no secondary hyperalgesia in the hind paws. Histopathological and microfocus X‐ray computed tomography analyses demonstrated that the percutaneous puncture injury resulted in osteoarthritis‐like structural changes in the FJs cartilage and subchondral bone. Pressure hyperalgesia was completely reversed by morphine. The administration of celecoxib produced moderate pain reduction with no statistical significance while the administration of ketorolac and pregabalin produced no analgesic effect on FJ osteoarthritis‐induced back pain. Our animal model of non‐open percutanous puncture‐induced injury of the lumbar FJs in rats shows similar characteristics of low back pain produced by human facet arthropathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 2837–2847, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors Affecting Enhanced Video Quality Preferences

The development of video quality metrics requires methods for measuring perceived video quality. Most of these metrics are designed and tested using databases of images degraded by compression and scored using opinion ratings. We studied video quality preferences for enhanced images of normally-sighted participants using the method of paired comparisons with a thorough statistical analysis. Participants (n=40) made pair-wise comparisons of high definition video clips enhanced at four different levels using a commercially available enhancement device. Perceptual scales were computed with binary logistic regression to estimate preferences for each level and to provide statistical inference of the differences among levels and the impact of other variables. While moderate preference for enhanced videos was found, two unexpected effects were also uncovered: 1) participants could be broadly classified into two groups: a) those who preferred enhancement (“Sharp”) and b) those who disliked enhancement (“Smooth”) and 2) enhancement preferences depended on video content, particularly for human faces to be enhanced less. The results suggest that algorithms to evaluate image quality (at least for enhancement) may need to be adjusted or applied differentially based on video content and viewer preferences. The possible impact of similar effects on image quality of compressed video needs to be evaluated.
Safety and survival with GVAX pancreas prime and Listeria Monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (CRS-207) boost vaccines for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

PURPOSE GVAX pancreas, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells, induces T-cell immunity to cancer antigens, including mesothelin. GVAX is administered with low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) to inhibit regulatory T cells. CRS-207, live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin, induces innate and adaptive immunity. On the basis of preclinical synergy, we tested prime/boost vaccination with GVAX and CRS-207 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Previously treated patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:1 to two doses of Cy/GVAX followed by four doses of CRS-207 (arm A) or six doses of Cy/GVAX (arm B) every 3 weeks. Stable patients were offered additional courses. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) between arms. Secondary end points were safety and clinical response. RESULTS A total of 90 patients were treated (arm A, n = 61; arm B, n = 29); 97% had received prior chemotherapy; 51% had received ≥ two regimens for metastatic disease. Mean number of doses (± standard deviation) administered in arms A and B were 5.5 ± 4.5 and 3.7 ± 2.2, respectively. The most frequent grade 3 to 4 related toxicities were transient fevers, lymphopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and fatigue. OS was 6.1 months in arm A versus 3.9 months in arm B (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; P = .02). In a prespecified per-protocol analysis of patients who received at least three doses (two doses of Cy/GVAX plus one of CRS-207 or three of Cy/GVAX), OS was 9.7 versus 4.6 months (arm A v B; HR, 0.53; P = .02). Enhanced mesothelin-specific CD8 T-cell responses were associated with longer OS, regardless of treatment arm. CONCLUSION Heterologous prime/boost with Cy/GVAX and CRS-207 extended survival for patients with pancreatic cancer, with minimal toxicity.
The entorhinal cortex is involved in conditioned odor and context aversions

In a natural environment, avoidance of a particular food source is mostly determined by a previous intake experience during which sensory stimuli such as food odor, become aversive through a simple associative conditioned learning. Conditioned odor aversion learning (COA) is a food conditioning paradigm that results from the association between a tasteless scented solution (conditioned stimulus, CS) and a gastric malaise (unconditioned stimulus, US) that followed its ingestion. In the present experimental conditions, acquisition of COA also led to acquisition of aversion toward the context in which the CS was presented (conditioned context aversion, CCA). Previous data have shown that the entorhinal cortex (EC) is involved in the memory processes underlying COA acquisition and context fear conditioning, but whether EC lesion modulates CCA acquisition has never be investigated. To this aim, male Long-Evans rats with bilateral EC lesion received CS-US pairings in a particular context with different interstimulus intervals (ISI). The results showed that the establishment of COA with long ISI obtained in EC-lesioned rats is associated with altered CCA learning. Since ISI has been suggested to be the determining factor in the odor- and context-US association, our results show that the EC is involved in the processes that control both associations relative to ISI duration.
Optimality conditions for weak efficiency to vector optimization problems with composed convex functions

We consider a convex optimization problem with a vector valued function as objective function and convex cone inequality constraints. We suppose that each entry of the objective function is the composition of some convex functions. Our aim is to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the weakly efficient solutions of this vector problem. Moreover, a multiobjective dual treatment is given and weak and strong duality assertions are proved.
Urine Test Strips to Exclude Cerebral Spinal Fluid Blood

Introduction: Determining the presence or absence of red blood cells (RBC) or their breakdown products in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is essential for the evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in headache patients. Current methodology for finding blood in the CSF is either spectrophotometric detection of pigment, which is time consuming and labor intensive, or visual assesment of samples for color change (xanthochromia), which is inaccurate. Bayer Multistix® urine test strips are designed to test urine for RBC by detecting the presence of hemoglobin. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the perfomance of urine reagent test strips for ruling out the presence of RBC in CSF. Methods: We compared color changes on Multistix® urine test strips to the standard of spectrophotometric absorbtion at 415nm and initial RBC counts in 138 visually clear CSF samples. Results: We performed Pearson Chi-Square and likelihood ratios on the results and found a correlation between a negative result on the urine test strip and less than 5 RBC per high power field and a spectrophotometric absorbance of less than 0.02% at 415nm in a CSF sample. Conclusion: These results warrant further investigation in the form of a prospective clinical validation as it may alter the emergency department evaluation for SAH.
Patterns of neural activity associated with honest and dishonest moral decisions

What makes people behave honestly when confronted with opportunities for dishonest gain? Research on the interplay between controlled and automatic processes in decision making suggests 2 hypotheses: According to the “Will” hypothesis, honesty results from the active resistance of temptation, comparable to the controlled cognitive processes that enable the delay of reward. According to the “Grace” hypothesis, honesty results from the absence of temptation, consistent with research emphasizing the determination of behavior by the presence or absence of automatic processes. To test these hypotheses, we examined neural activity in individuals confronted with opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) gained money by accurately predicting the outcomes of computerized coin-flips. In some trials, subjects recorded their predictions in advance. In other trials, subjects were rewarded based on self-reported accuracy, allowing them to gain money dishonestly by lying about the accuracy of their predictions. Many subjects behaved dishonestly, as indicated by improbable levels of “accuracy. ” Our findings support the Grace hypothesis. Individuals who behaved honestly exhibited no additional control-related activity (or other kind of activity) when choosing to behave honestly, as compared with a control condition in which there was no opportunity for dishonest gain. In contrast, individuals who behaved dishonestly exhibited increased activity in control-related regions of prefrontal cortex, both when choosing to behave dishonestly and on occasions when they refrained from dishonesty. Levels of activity in these regions correlated with the frequency of dishonesty in individuals.
Functional Outcomes of Denis Zone III Sacral Fractures Treated Nonoperatively

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of nonoperative treatment in patients with Denis Zone III sacral fractures at a minimum of 2 years follow up. Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data of a consecutive series of patients. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients: A consecutive series of 15 patients (15-47 years old) with Denis Zone III sacral fractures treated nonoperatively from 1997 to 2002 was studied. Eleven patients were available for follow-up questionnaires; nine participated in a physical examination. Time to final follow up averaged 43 months (range, 25-67 months). Intervention: Demographic data; mechanism of injury; injury-specific assessment of bowel, bladder, and sexual function; physical examination; and fracture pattern were collected from a prospectively collected database. Main Outcome Measurements: At a minimum of 2-year follow up, evaluation of SF-36 scores, Roland Morris back pain questionnaire, and Gibbons classification was conducted. Results: All fractures healed. Six patients had a postinjury increase in kyphosis (range, 1°-17°) without a correlation to final outcomes. Mean SF-36 scores were all uniformly lower than the normalized general population and were biased by frequent associated injuries. Final Roland-Morris scores averaged 3.3 ± 3.3. Gibbons classification scores initially averaged 2 ± 1.2 and decreased to 1.5 ± 0.8, each within their standard deviations. Eight had residual bowel, bladder, and/or sexual dysfunction. Conclusions: Nonoperative treatment of Denis Zone III sacral fractures yields consistent healing. Despite improvement in initial neurologic deficits, residual complaints were common.
Prenatal DDT Exposure in Relation to Anthropometric and Pubertal Measures in Adolescent Males

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), a pesticide once used widely in agriculture and now limited to public health use, remains a controversial chemical because of a combination of benefits and risks. DDT or its breakdown products are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans. Compounds in the DDT family have endocrine actions and have been associated with reproductive toxicity. A previous study reported associations between prenatal exposure to p,p′-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] and increased height and weight in adolescent boys. We examined a group with higher exposures to see whether similar associations would occur. Our study group was 304 males born in Philadelphia in the early 1960s who had participated in a previous study. Anthropometric and pubertal measures from one to six visits during their adolescent years were available, as were stored maternal serum samples from pregnancy. We measured p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], and o,p′-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] in the maternal serum. Outcomes examined in the boys were height, ratio of sitting height to height, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, ratio of subscapular to the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, skeletal age, serum testosterone, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. No associations between prenatal exposure to any of the DDT compounds and any outcome measure were seen.
Reducing the Rank in Relational Factorization Models by Including Observable Patterns

Tensor factorization has become a popular method for learning from multi-relational data. In this context, the rank of the factorization is an important parameter that determines runtime as well as generalization ability. To identify conditions under which factorization is an efficient approach for learning from relational data, we derive upper and lower bounds on the rank required to recover adjacency tensors. Based on our findings, we propose a novel additive tensor factorization model to learn from latent and observable patterns on multi-relational data and present a scalable algorithm for computing the factorization. We show experimentally both that the proposed additive model does improve the predictive performance over pure latent variable methods and that it also reduces the required rank — and therefore runtime and memory complexity — significantly.
A Experimental Study on the Durability of Recycled Concrete

Various tests are performed for the durability of the concrete using domestic recycled coarse aggregate including drying shrinkage, permeability, freezing-thawing resistance and diffusivity. The basic data obtained from the presented test could be accumulated for the utilization of recycled concrete in structure. Compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease a little extent with increasing substitution ratio of recycled aggregate, but split tensile strength, flexural strength and poisson's ratio is constant with increasing substitution ratio of recycled aggregate. Tests of freezing-thawing resistance, chloride ion Permeability and diffusivity of recycled concrete show favorable results. But, the maximum drying shrinkage ratio to normal concrete is increased 24% with increasing substitution ratio of recycled aggregate. Therefore, for the use of recycled concrete in structures, the preventive measures of both drying shrinkage and decreasing work-ability is necessary in the mix design. The proper substitution ratio of recycled aggregate should be proposed.
An intracellular proton sensor commands lipid‐ and mechano‐gating of the K+ channel TREK‐1

The 2P domain K+ channel TREK‐1 is widely expres sed in the nervous system. It is opened by a variety of physical and chemical stimuli including membrane stretch, intracellular acidosis and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This activation can be reversed by PKA‐mediated phosphorylation. The C‐terminal domain of TREK‐1 is critical for its polymodal function. We demonstrate that the conversion of a specific glutamate residue (E306) to an alanine in this region locks TREK‐1 in the open configuration and abolishes the cAMP/PKA down‐modulation. The E306A substitution mimics intracellular acidosis and rescues both lipid‐ and mechano‐sensitivity of a loss‐of‐function truncated TREK‐1 mutant. We conclude that protonation of E306 tunes the TREK‐1 mechanical setpoint and thus sets lipid sensitivity.
Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy

This paper offers an analytical structure to pinpoint the behavioral roots of superior performance, where “behavioral” denotes “being about mental processes. ” Such roots are identified in behavioral deviations from market efficiency. The causes of these deviations are behavioral factors that bound firms’ ability to pursue and compete for superior opportunities. Because these bounds are systematic and diffused among firms, they ensure that latent opportunities are not competed away. In this setting, the behavioral bases of superior performance stem from a superior ability to overcome focal behavioral bounds. This analytical structure is used to identify the mental processes especially important to firm performance that strategic leaders can reliably manage. Its key insight is that superior opportunities are cognitively distant. They rarely correspond to common ways of thinking. The reason for this is that it is necessary to overcome strong behavioral bounds to pursue these opportunities. This insight contrasts with mainstream behavioral approaches to strategy, which focus on the virtues of local action, and it has two implications: the behavioral essence of superior performance corresponds to strategic leaders’ superior ability to manage the mental processes necessary to pursue cognitively distant opportunities; and pursuing the cognitively distant implies a more expansive conception of strategic agency (e.g., the role of strategic leaders) than is acknowledged by mainstream behavioral approaches to strategy. The challenges posed by this conception require a model of human cognition that goes beyond the understanding of bounded rationality that is diffused in current behavioral strategy research. The second part of the paper assesses the traits of a model of human mind that can support the behavioral conception of strategic agency advocated and proposes a unified model of the human mind that centers on associative processes.