Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' Perceived Parenting Styles and Their Substance Use: Concurrent and Longitudinal Analyses.

The relation between parenting style and adolescent substance use (tobacco, alcohol, hashish, and amphetamines) was examined concurrently (at age 14) for licit drug use and longitudinally (from age 14 to 17) for both licit and illicit drug use in a sample of 347 youth from compulsory schools in Reykjavik, Iceland. After controlling for adolescent perceptions of parental and peer use, own previous use, and gender, results indicated that adolescents who characterized their parents as authoritative were more protected against substance use than adolescents who perceived their parents as neglectful, both concurrently and longitudinally. Compared with adolescents who characterized their parents as authoritative and neglectful, those from authoritarian and indulgent families each showed a different pattern of substance use both with regard to the type of substance and over time in a longer term perspective.
Motivational Orientations and Cognitive Abilities: An Empirical Investigation in Primary School

In an empirical investigation with fourth grade students, the correlation between motivational orientation and cognitive abilities was placed under examination. Outcome variables were performance, confidence in one's own abilities and anxiety. Cognitive abilities and learning goal orientation both correlated positively with favorable expressions of the outcome variables. Performance goals, however, proved to be maladaptive in our study. From a theoretical perspective we find two points to be of basic importance: First, although almost all conceptions of gifiedness accord high motivation levels a great deal of importance for achievement of excellence, motivation itself is conceived in rather simplistic terms. Our study confirmed that high motivation can also be detrimental and that the exact form of motivation is consequential Second, it could be demonstrated that motivation and cognitive abilities interact. This implies that findings made in motivation research can not be simply transferred to the gifted. From a pedagogic perspective, a learning goal orientation seems worth encouraging, while, in contrast to opinions often expressed in the literature, an approach goal orientation seems to be affiliated with hazards for the learning processes of gifted individuals.
Therapeutic Options in Docetaxel-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background Docetaxel is an established first-line therapy to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recently, abiraterone and cabazitaxel were approved for use after docetaxel failure, with improved survival. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) preliminary recommendations were negative for both abiraterone (now positive in final recommendation) and cabazitaxel (negative in final recommendation). Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of abiraterone, cabazitaxel, mitoxantrone and prednisone for mCRPC treatment in US. Methods A decision-tree model was constructed to compare the two mCRPC treatments versus two placebos over 18 months from a societal perspective. Chance nodes include baseline pain as a severity indicator, grade III/IV side-effects, and survival at 18 months. Probabilities, survival and health utilities were from published studies. Model cost inputs included drug treatment, side-effect management and prevention, radiation for pain, and death associated costs in 2010 US dollars. Results Abiraterone is a cost-effective choice at $94K/QALY (quality adjusted life years) compared to placebo in our base-case analysis. Cabazitaxel and abiraterone are the most effective, yet also most expensive agents. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) at base-case are $101K/QALY (extended dominated) for mitoxantrone vs. placebo, $91K/QALY for abiraterone vs. mitoxantrone, $956K/QALY for cabazitaxel vs. abiraterone. Abiraterone becomes less cost-effective as its AWP increases, or if the cost of mitoxantrone side-effect management decreases. Increases in the percentage of patients with baseline pain leads to an increased ICER for both mitoxantrone and abiraterone, but mitoxantrone does relatively better. Cabazitaxel remains not cost-effective. Conclusion Our base case model suggests that abiraterone is a cost-effective option in docetaxel-refractory mCRPC patients. Newer treatments will also need a CEA assessment compared to abiraterone.
Contribution of soil moisture retrievals to land data assimilation products

Satellite measurements (retrievals) of surface soil moisture are subject to errors and cannot provide complete space‐time coverage. Data assimilation systems merge available retrievals with information from land surface models and antecedent meteorological data, information that is spatio‐temporally complete but likewise uncertain. For the design of new satellite missions it is critical to understand just how uncertain retrievals can be and still be useful. Here, we present a synthetic data assimilation experiment that determines the contribution of retrievals to the skill of land assimilation products (soil moisture and evapotranspiration) as a function of retrieval and land model skill. As expected, the skill of the assimilation products increases with the skill of the model and that of the retrievals. The skill of the soil moisture assimilation products always exceeds that of the model acting alone; even retrievals of low quality contribute information to the assimilation product, particularly if model skill is modest.
Parental School Involvement: The Case of Ghana

This study was carried out to analyze the link between parental school involvement and the academic achievement of young students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds between the ages of 15 and 20. As expected, the results indicate a positive and significant correlation between mothers' school involvement and the academic achievement of the students. Surprisingly, fathers' school involvement was found to be non-significant to the academic achievement of the students. The significance of the results is examined.
Familial History of Stroke Is Associated With Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women

Background—Stroke in female first-degree relatives (FDRs) is a powerful risk factor for ischemic stroke in women, but its association with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unknown. Family history (FH) of stroke is omitted from existing myocardial infarction risk prediction tools, which perform less well in women than in men. Our objective was to study the sex-of-parent and sex-of-proband interactions for FH of stroke in ACS patients. Methods and Results—In a prospective, population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study) of all patients with ACS or stroke/transient ischemic attack, FH data for stroke and myocardial infarction were analyzed by sex of proband and FDRs, and coronary angiograms were reviewed, where available; 942 of 1058 ACS probands and 1015 of 1152 stroke/transient ischemic attack probands had complete FH data; 24.1% of ACS probands and 24.3% of stroke/transient ischemic attack probands had history of stroke in ≥1 FDR. Maternal stroke was more common than paternal stroke in female ACS probands (odds ration [OR], 2.53; 1.39 to 4.61) but not in male probands (OR, 0.92; 0.64 to 1.32) (difference-P=0.004). Overall, female ACS probands were more likely to have female than male FDRs with stroke (OR, 2.09; 1.29 to 3.37), whereas the opposite trend was seen in male ACS probands (OR, 0.69; 0.50 to 0.97) (difference-P=0.0002). However, there was no association between parental history of stroke and disease localization or presence of multivessel disease on coronary angiography. Conclusions—FH of stroke is as common in ACS patients as in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients and sex-of-parent/sex-of-proband interactions are similar. Stroke in female FDRs may help to identify women at increased risk of ACS as well as ischemic stroke.
Clinical and Neurocognitive Correlates of Insight

Background: Insight has been identified as an important clinical outcome measure in schizophrenia with nearly 60% of patients with schizophrenia evidencing moderate to severe unawareness of having a mental disorder. Explanations of the correlates and attributes of lack of insight are purely hypothetical and pending clarification. Thus the aim of this study is to examine the clinical and cognitive correlates of lack of insight in schizophrenia.Subjects and methods: A sample of 30 schizophrenic patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) were applied to assess symptom severity ; Scale of Unawareness of Mental Illness (SUMD); Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) were used to assess clinical and cognitive insight. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is used as a measure of executive functions and Wechsler Memory Scale is used to assess attention verbal and visual memory. Results :Visual memory was significantly correlated to awareness to mental disorder(p0.002), awareness to achieved effects of medications(p0.05), correct attribution of symptoms (p 0.027) as well as to global clinical insight assessed by the scale of assessment of insight (SAI)(p0.04). The only significant correlation between insight and WCST was that between the score and correct attribution of symptoms(p.0.027). No significant correlations between dimensions of psychopathology and any of the insight dimensions. Conclusion: Insight is a multidimensional phenomenon with some of its dimensions correlated to some cognitive functions but not to clinical variables of the disease.
Fok-I Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor Gene and the Presence of Renal Dysfunction in Patients with β-Thalassemia Major

Recent evidence supports the presence of renal dysfunction even among young patients with β-thalassemia major. However, the possible genetic contribution has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of Fok-I polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene with abnormal levels of early markers of renal impairment in children and young adults with thalassemia. Thirty-four patients (19 male and 15 female) with β-thalassemia major on conventional treatment, with a mean decimal age of 14.62 ± 5.47 years (range: 5–22 years), were included in the study. Markers of renal function were determined in serum and in urine and patients were genotyped for Fok-I gene polymorphism. Genotype frequencies were similar to those previously reported for other populations: 47.06% of the patients were homozygous for the F allele, 41.18% were heterozygous, and 11.76% were homozygous for the f allele. A considerable number of patients demonstrated impaired renal function with increased serum cystatin C levels (29.41%), glomerular dysfunction with proteinuria (68%), as well as significant tubulopathy with hypercalciuria (73.08%), and increased levels of urinary β2-microglobulin (29.41%). When patients were stratified according to Fok-I polymorphism, a significantly higher prevalence of abnormally increased serum levels of cystatin C was observed in patients being homozygous for the f allele (75%) compared with those being heterozygous (Ff) or homozygous for the F allele (14.29% and 31.25%, respectively, P = .02). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and elucidate the possible mechanisms involved.
A plastid DNA phylogeny of tribe Miliuseae: insights into relationships and character evolution in one of the most recalcitrant major clades of Annonaceae.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Tribe Miliuseae (∼25 genera and ∼510 species) includes a substantial part of the species and generic diversity in the pantropical flowering-plant family Annonaceae (∼108 genera and ∼2400 species). Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses have failed to resolve the backbone phylogeny of the tribe, impeding biogeographical and evolutionary studies. We use a dense generic taxon sample (∼89% of generic diversity in Miliuseae) and plastid DNA sequence data (∼7 kb) to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of and within the tribe. METHODS Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions and ancestral character-state reconstructions of several reproductive characters were performed. KEY RESULTS Dendrokingstoniae, Monocarpieae, and Miliuseae are recovered in a strongly supported clade, and each tribe is strongly supported as monophyletic. Miliuseae are characterized by a synapomorphic cryptoaperturate/disulculate pollen apertural system. Stenanona is shown to be nested within the paraphyletic genus Desmopsis. The only Neotropical clade (Sapranthus, Tridimeris, Desmopsis, and Stenanona) in the predominantly Asian Miliuseae is shown to be closely related to an undescribed genus from continental Southeast Asia and the Indo-Malayan and Austral-Pacific genus Meiogyne. Ancestral character-state reconstructions of several reproductive characters that are diagnostically important at the generic level indicate a considerable degree of homoplasy. CONCLUSIONS The results improve our understanding of the relationships of and within Miliuseae, but parts of the backbone of the phylogeny remain poorly supported. Additional data from variable nuclear markers or reduced-genome-representation approaches seem to be required to further resolve relationships within this recalcitrant clade.
Physicians' and medical students' perspectives on patients' quality of life

PURPOSE: To compare medical students' and oncologists' perspectives about patient-related quality of life (QOL). METHOD: In 1996, the authors compared the questionnaire responses of 65 oncologists and 105 medical students in the state of Hawai'i. RESULTS: Participants returned 146 usable questionnaires (response rates: 69% of oncologists and 97% of students). Both groups saw pain and suffering as central to QOL, while medical students also valued autonomy. Both groups indicated that QOL was at least as important as survival in treatment decision making. Students were significantly more likely to emphasize the importance of QOL over survival. Students strongly preferred physician interviews to assess QOL. Most physicians reported assessing QOL in every patient, but only one in ten had used a QOL assessment questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Both students and oncologists expressed considerable interest in QOL and virtually all regarded it as an important part of care. There were more similarities than differences in responses. Future educational programs in both medical school and continuing education should build on these positive attitudes.
Observations on overlap: findings and implications for automatic processing of multi-party conversation

We examine the distribution of overlapping speech in different corpora of natural multi-party conversations, including two types of meetings, and two corpora of telephone conversations. Analyses are based on forced alignment and speech recognition using an identical recognizer across tasks. Three results are discussed. First, all corpora show high overall rates of overlap, with similar rates for meetings and telephone conversations. Second, speech recognition performance in non-overlapped regions of meetings is no worse than that in single-channel telephone conversations, while recognition in overlap regions degrades considerably. Finally, interrupt locations are associated with endpoints of word-level events in a speaker’s turn, including backchannels, discourse markers, and disfluencies. Results suggest that overlap is an important inherent characteristic of conversational speech that should not be ignored; on the contrary, it should be jointly modeled with acoustic and language model information in machine processing of conversation.
Open Source Software and the "Private-Collective" Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science

Currently, two models of innovation are prevalent in organization science. The "private investment" model assumes returns to the innovator result from private goods and efficient regimes of intellectual property protection. The "collective action" model assumes that under conditions of market failure, innovators collaborate in order to produce a public good. The phenomenon of open source software development shows that users program to solve their own as well as shared technical problems, and freely reveal their innovations without appropriating private returns from selling the software. In this paper, we propose that open source software development is an exemplar of a compound "private-collective" model of innovation that contains elements of both the private investment and the collective action models and can offer society the "best of both worlds" under many conditions. We describe a new set of research questions this model raises for scholars in organization science. We offer some details regarding the types of data available for open source projects in order to ease access for researchers who are unfamiliar with these, and also offer some advice on conducting empirical studies on open source software development processes.
Employee worktime control moderates the effects of job strain and effort-reward imbalance on sickness absence: the 10-town study

Study objective: To examine whether the effects of work stress on sickness absence vary by the level of control the employees have over their working times. Design: Prospective cohort study. A survey of job strain, effort-reward imbalance, and control over daily working hours and days off was carried out in 2000–01. The survey responses were linked with registered data on the number of medically certified (>3 days) sickness absences from one year before the survey until the end of 2003. The mean follow up period was 28.2 (SD 8.1) months. Adjustments were made for demographics and behavioural health risks. Aggregated measures of worktime control according to workplaces were used to control for differences in reactivity and response style. Setting: Ten towns in Finland. Participants: 16 139 public sector employees who had no medically certified sickness absences in the year preceding the survey. Main results: Among the women, individually measured control over daily working hours and days off moderated the association between work stress and sickness absence. The combination of high stress and good worktime control was associated with lower absence rates than a combination of high stress and poor worktime control. This finding was replicated in the analyses using workplace aggregates of worktime control. Among the men, the findings were less consistent and not replicable using aggregated measures of worktime control. Conclusions: Good control over working times reduces the adverse effect of work stress on sickness absence especially among female employees.
A posteriori analysis of numerical errors in subfilter scalar variance modeling for large eddy simulation

Subfilter scalar variance is a critical indicator of small scale mixing in large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion and is an important parameter of conserved scalar based combustion models. Realistic combustion models have a highly nonlinear dependence on the conserved scalar, making the prediction of flow thermochemistry sensitive to errors in subfilter variance modeling, including errors due to numerical discretization. Large numerical errors can result from the use of grid-based filtering and the resulting under-resolution of the smallest filtered scales, which are a key to variance modeling. Hence, the development of variance models should take into account this sensitivity to numerical discretization. In this work, a novel coupled direct numerical simulation (DNS)-LES a posteriori method is used to study the role of discretization errors in variance prediction for the two most widely used types of models: algebraic dynamic models and transport equation-based models. Algebraic models are f.
Bacterial Infection and Implant Loosening in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Evaluation of 209 Cases

The aim of this study was to evaluate bacteria species detected in a large number of patients treated for prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee at a single specialized center. Furthermore, the rate of implant loosening was investigated in a time-dependent manner for the most frequently detected bacteria species. A retrospective analysis of patients (n = 209) treated for prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee was performed. The following parameters were evaluated: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration, microbiological evaluation of tissue samples, loosening of the implant, the time that had elapsed since the primary prosthetic joint replacement, and the duration since the last surgical intervention. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were most frequently detected, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Differences in CRP concentration were detected among various bacteria species. Osteolysis was not associated with one causative agent in particular. Patients who had undergone previous revision surgery had a higher probability of implant loosening. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. are the most common causative agents of prosthetic joint infection and show no significant differences with regard to implant loosening or the time-course when compared to S. aureus. Infections with Enterococcus spp. seem to develop faster than with other bacteria species. The risk of implant loosening increases with revision surgery, in particular in the hip joint.
Skills of Digital Literacy to Address the Risks of Interactive Communication

New technologies are fully integrated into the lives of children, so every day they spend more and more time using them. It is noteworthy that technologies offer many opportunities and benefits for children, but they are also associated with disadvantages and dangers. For this reason, parents and educators fear that children could suffer any of the network risks: exposure to pornography, cyberbullying, sexual harassment or grooming, sexting, contact with strangers, and impersonation. In this situation, the authors should not deprive minors of the use of digital technologies. Nevertheless, the solution is to provide them with digital skills so they become digital literate and can use these tools safely. Therefore, through this study they sought to identify the skills that compound digital literacy: technological or instrumental, communication, information, critical, and security. Finally, the authors propose the implementation of a literacy intervention with the aim of providing the children with these skills.