Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Depression in Mothers of Children with Severe Burn Injuries

This study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with burn injuries from accidentally falling into a bathtub filled with hot water. Subjects were 16 pairs, children with burn injuries and their mothers. Psychiatric interviews were administered to the mothers to check the presence or absence of mental disorders. The severity of mothers' depressive symptoms was rated on the Hamilton Depression Scale. Prevalence rates of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression were 6.3% and 0% in children with burn injury and 12.5% and 18.8% in their mothers, respectively. For three symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (intense distress at similar event, restricted range of affect, and hypervigilance), prevalence rates were significantly higher for the mothers than for the children. Ratings of the three symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for the mothers were significantly and positively correlated with scores for guilt feelings. Compared with children with burn injury, mothers are prone to posttraumatic stress symptoms mixed with guilt feelings for children with burn injury.
Theta Oscillations Are Sensitive to Both Early and Late Conflict Processing Stages: Effects of Alcohol Intoxication

Prior neuroimaging evidence indicates that decision conflict activates medial and lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Theoretical accounts of cognitive control highlight anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a central node in this network. However, a better understanding of the relative primacy and functional contributions of these areas to decision conflict requires insight into the neural dynamics of successive processing stages including conflict detection, response selection and execution. Moderate alcohol intoxication impairs cognitive control as it interferes with the ability to inhibit dominant, prepotent responses when they are no longer correct. To examine the effects of moderate intoxication on successive processing stages during cognitive control, spatio-temporal changes in total event-related theta power were measured during Stroop-induced conflict. Healthy social drinkers served as their own controls by participating in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) approach was applied to complex power spectra for theta (4–7 Hz) frequencies. The principal generator of event-related theta power to conflict was estimated to ACC, with contributions from fronto-parietal areas. The ACC was uniquely sensitive to conflict during both early conflict detection, and later response selection and execution stages. Alcohol attenuated theta power to conflict across successive processing stages, suggesting that alcohol-induced deficits in cognitive control may result from theta suppression in the executive network. Slower RTs were associated with attenuated theta power estimated to ACC, indicating that alcohol impairs motor preparation and execution subserved by the ACC. In addition to their relevance for the currently prevailing accounts of cognitive control, our results suggest that alcohol-induced impairment of top-down strategic processing underlies poor self-control and inability to refrain from drinking.
Risk and Resilience in Student Transitions to High School

This article explores the concepts of risk and resilience applied to children and youth. I suggest advantages in considering a definition of risk grounded in actual school performance and behavior, as opposed to common conceptions of risk tied to various group-level probabilities of failure. The study focuses on students doing poorly or lacking confidence in finishing school as of the eighth grade who turn themselves around by the tenth grade. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) survey, analyses examine the nature of performance-based risks and the conditions under which students improve their performance levels and outlooks by grade 10. The estimated models of resilience show influences resembling those found in studies of individual resilience in other domains. The importance of family supports, school responsiveness to students, and student involvement in school and community activities stand out as predictors of recovery from low performance. A few patterns within subgroups emerge: for instance, the noninfluence of socioeconomic status (SES) on resilience within the Hispanic and African American cohorts, and the finding that Hispanic youth are less resilient in schools where there are perceived problems with youth gangs.
Regional distribution of hyperpolarization‐activated current (If) and hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel mRNA expression in ventricular cells from control and hypertrophied rat hearts

Hyperpolarization‐activated inward current (If) and changes in the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (HCN)2 and HCN4 encoding If channels of the rat heart were studied in control and hypertrophied myocytes isolated from three ventricular regions: the septum (S), the left ventricular free wall (LV) and the right ventricular free wall (RV). Electrophysiological experiments were conducted by ruptured and perforated‐patch clamp techniques and quantification of mRNA levels was carried out by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The occurrence, density and maximal specific conductance of If were found to be significantly higher in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes isolated from S and LV than in those isolated from RV or sham‐operated rats. Half‐maximal activation potential, the slope of the activation curve and the threshold for activation were similar in ventricular myocytes from sham and aortic stenosed rats in the three regions studied. Isoproterenol 1 µmol l−1 increased current size by shifting current activation to more positive potentials in both sham and hypertrophied myocytes. When we studied the mRNA levels of If channel isoforms present in the ventricle, we found a significant increase of HCN2 and HCN4 mRNA levels in hypertrophied myocytes from S and LV but not in RV. We conclude that the occurrence, density and conductance of If is higher in hypertrophied than in control ventricular myocytes, S being the region where all these changes were most evident. These findings are associated with a higher expression of HCN2 and HCN4 mRNA levels in the two regions that developed hypertrophy.
1 As submitted to : The EMBO Journal And later published as : Initial and intermediate steps of the ribosome recycling process as revealed by cryo-EM

The ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and elongation factor G (EF-G) disassemble the 70S post-termination complex (PoTC) into mRNA, tRNA, and two ribosomal subunits. We have determined cryo-EM structures of the PoTC•RRF complex, with and without EF-G. We find that domain II of RRF initially interacts with universally conserved residues of the 23S rRNA helices 43 and 95, and protein L11 within the 50S ribosomal subunit. Upon EF-G binding, both RRF and tRNA are driven toward the tRNA-exit (E) site, with a large rotational movement of domain II of RRF toward the 30S ribosomal subunit. During this intermediate step of the recycling process, domain II of RRF and domain IV of EF-G adapt unusual conformations. Furthermore, binding of EF-G to the PoTC•RRF complex reverts the ribosome from ratcheted to unratcheted state. These results suggest that (i) the ribosomal intersubunit reorganizations upon RRF binding and subsequent EF-G binding could be instrumental in destabilizing the PoTC, and (ii) the modes of action of EF-G during tRNA translocation and ribosome recycling steps are markedly different.
Coordinated path-following and attitude control for multiple surface vessels via curve extension method

This paper addresses the problem of coordinated path-following and attitude control design for a group of fully actuated surface vessels on given convex loops. By incorporating the curve extension design with the consensus-based design we propose a solution to the formation and attitude coordination control. It removes the assumption of nonzero total speed of each vessel that is presented in the literature. With the help of invariance-like theorem and the extension of Barbalat's lemma, it is proved that the designed cooperative control system is asymptotically stable if the bidirectional commutation topology is connected. An simulation example is presented as a proof of concept.
Approaches to learning, course experience and examination grade among undergraduate psychology students: testing of mediator effects and construct validity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between course experience, students’ approaches to learning, effort, ability and examination grade, and to examine aspects of construct validity in the present versions of the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students in a sample of 206 undergraduate psychology students. The results showed that course experience, students’ approaches to learning and ability were significantly correlated with examination grade, whereas effort was not. Structural equation modelling showed that a surface approach mediated the relationship between course experience and academic achievement, whereas ability remained an independent predictor of achievement. These findings indicate that both ability and approaches to learning have considerable independent effects on academic achievement, and that the students’ perceptions of the learning environment are important sources of approaches to learning.
SketchiMo

We present SketchiMo, a novel approach for the expressive editing of articulated character motion. SketchiMo solves for the motion given a set of projective constraints that relate the sketch inputs to the unknown 3D poses. We introduce the concept of sketch space, a contextual geometric representation of sketch targets---motion properties that are editable via sketch input---that enhances, right on the viewport, different aspects of the motion. The combination of the proposed sketch targets and space allows for seamless editing of a wide range of properties, from simple joint trajectories to local parent-child spatiotemporal relationships and more abstract properties such as coordinated motions. This is made possible by interpreting the user's input through a new sketch-based optimization engine in a uniform way. In addition, our view-dependent sketch space also serves the purpose of disambiguating the user inputs by visualizing their range of effect and transparently defining the necessary constraints to set the temporal boundaries for the optimization.
London's “Quality” Newspapers: Newspaper Ownership and Reporting Patterns

Departing from the usual philosophical analyses of European media, this study applied empirical methods to examine the relationship between the type of newspaper ownership and news reporting patterns of London's four major “quality” newspapers. Examination of front-page articles from composite weeks in three years showed that independently owned dailies covered stories that required more reportorial effort than did dailies owned by conglomerates. The independent dailies also had more staff-bylined articles, used more enterprise news sources, and covered more stories that involved conflict.
Geometric Measure Theory

Geometric measure theory is an area of analysis concerned with solving geometric problems via measure theoretic techniques. The canonical motivating physical problem is probably that investigated experimentally by Plateau in the nineteenth century [3]: given a boundary wire, how does one find the (minimal) soap film which spans it? Slightly more mathematically, given a boundary curve, find the surface of minimal area spanning it. The many different approaches to solving this problem have found utility in most areas of modern mathematics and geometric measure theory is no exception: techniques and ideas from geometric measure theory have been found useful in the study of partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, harmonic analysis, and fractals. Successes in the field include: classifying the structure of singularities in soap films (see [18], together with the fine descriptive article [4]); showing that the standard ‘double bubble’ is the optimal shape for enclosing two prescribed volumes in space [13], and developing powerful computer software for modelling the evolution of surfaces under the action of physical forces [7]. The main reference text for the subject is still Federer’s comprehensive book [11]. It is very densely written and Morgan’s book [15] serves as a useful guide through it. Federer’s colloquium lectures [10] provide a comprehensive overview of the subject and contain a summary of the main results in his book [11]. More recent books include Simon [17], which contains an introduction to the theory of varifolds and Allard’s regularity theorem, and Mattila’s book [14] which includes information about tangent measures and their uses. Both of these books are also suitable as introductions to the area. For a slightly different slant, the book by Evans and Gariepy [9], discusses applications of some of the ideas of geometric measure theory in the theory of Sobolev Spaces and functions of bounded variation. Many variational problems are solved by enlarging the allowed class of solutions, showing that in this enlarged class a solution exists, and then showing that the solution possesses more regularity than an arbitrary element of the enlarged class. Much of the work in geometric measure theory has been directed towards placing this informal description on a formal footing appropriate for the study of surfaces. The key concept underlying the whole theory is that of rectifiability: this is a measure theoretic notion of smoothness. A set E in Euclidean n-space, R, is
Cross-lingual Character-Level Neural Morphological Tagging

Even for common NLP tasks, sufficient supervision is not available in many languages – morphological tagging is no exception. In the work presented here, we explore a transfer learning scheme, whereby we train character-level recurrent neural taggers to predict morphological taggings for high-resource languages and low-resource languages together. Learning joint character representations among multiple related languages successfully enables knowledge transfer from the high-resource languages to the low-resource ones.
Patterning of embryonic blood vessels

Morphometric methods were developed to characterize the geometry of vascular patterns in avian and murine embryos. By using these methods, we found that networks of blood vessels formed during vasculogenesis share similar geometric properties (i.e., mean blood vessel diameters and avascular space diameters) regardless of developmental stage, location, or species in which they form. We also found that endothelial cell density within a unit area of an embryonic vasculature could be used to accurately distinguish between a small diameter, capillary‐like vascular network (low endothelial cell density) and a large diameter, presinusoidal network (high endothelial cell density). Furthermore, we show that endothelial cell size remains constant in small and large diameter vessels, indicating that increased endothelial cell size is not the basis for diversity in vessel diameter. These observations serve as a foundation for future studies seeking to evaluate the effects of agents or genetic mutations on aspects of vasculogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 228:21–29, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The European Employment Experience

Similar durations but lower flows into unemployment gave Europe lower unemployment rates than the United States until the 1970's. But since 1980, higher durations have kept unemployment rates in Europe persistently higher than in the U.S. A general equilibrium search model with human capital explains how these outcomes arise from the way Europe's higher firing costs and more generous unemployment compensation make its unemployment rate respond to a parameter that measures a worker's loss of human capital after an involuntary job loss. An increase in that parameter between the 70s and the 80s made workers face more turbulence in labor market outcomes and allows our model to match features of a number of empirical studies showing that workers experienced more earnings volatility after 1980. Our model also explains why, especially among older workers, hazard rates of gaining employment in Europe fall off sharply with the duration of unemployment, and why displaced workers in Europe experience smaller earnings losses and lower re-employment rates than those in the United States. The effects of layoff costs on unemployment rates depend on the proportions of frictional and structural unemployment and therefore on the generosity of unemployment benefits and the amount of microeconomic turbulence facing workers.
Alteration in Copy Numbers of Genes as a Mechanism for Acquired Drug Resistance

Chemoresistance is a major obstacle for successful treatment of cancer. To identify regions of the genome associated with acquired resistance to therapeutic drugs, we conducted molecular cytogenetic analyses of 23 cancer-cell lines, each resistant to either camptothecin, cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16), Adriamycin, or 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, although the parental tumor lines were not. Subtractive comparative genomic hybridization studies revealed regions of gain or loss in DNA-copy numbers that were characteristic of drug-resistant cell lines; i.e., differences from their drug-sensitive parental cell lines. Thirteen ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes [ABCA3, ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCB6, ABCB8, ABCB10, ABCB11, ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC4, ABCC9, ABCD3, ABCD4, ABCE1, and ABCF2] were amplified among 19 of the resistant cell lines examined. Three genes encoding antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins (BCL2L2, MCL1, and BCL2L10) were also amplified and consequently overexpressed in three of the derivative lines. Down-regulation of BCL2L2 with an antisense oligonucleotide sensitized a VP-16 resistant ovarian-cancer cell line (SKOV3/VP) to VP-16. A decrease in copy numbers of genes encoding deoxycytidine kinase, DNA topoisomerase I, and DNA topoisomerase II α reduced their expression levels in one cytosine arabinoside-resistant line, two of three camptothecin-resistant lines, and two of five VP-16-resistant cell lines, respectively. Our results indicated that changes in DNA-copy numbers of the genes mentioned can activate or down-regulate them in drug-resistant cell lines, and that such genomic alterations might be implicated in acquired chemoresistance.
Seguimiento y evaluación en la UNED del sistema de prácticas de los alumnos en empresas

In this article we present the basic guidelines proposed for the Guidance, Information and Employment Center (COIE) of the National University for Distance Education (UNED) for the development, management, and evaluation of educational co-operation contracts for field experience in businesses, in which students are requesting to participate with greater frequency. The beginning of this research focuses on the supervision of the development of these programs, and establishing guidelines and design procedures in order to follow-up to improve them. The conclusions presented here are drawn from results that were obtained in the evaluation of internships during the academic course 1998/99 and 1999/00, according to the perspective of the participating enterprises observing student interns, and are organized into a proposal.
Examining cross-cultural and individual differences in predicting employer reputation as a driver of employer attraction

This study explores cross-cultural and individual differences in predicting employer reputation as a driver of organizational attraction. Controlling for occupational and generational differences, this study examines the importance of employer reputation when choosing an employer among graduate engineering students in nine countries. At the cultural level, the impact of two cultural syndromes of individualism vs collectivism and verticalness vs horizontalness is examined. At the individual level, the influence of their needs for power and achievement is examined. Results suggest that, at the cultural level, collectivism and, at the individual level, need for power and achievement are related to the importance attached to employer reputation. In practice, companies should consider crafting their recruitment message to fit the cultural norms of the country where they are recruiting and also encourage their recruiting staff members to tailor their messages to fit the candidates they are trying to attract. L’examen des différences interculturelles et individuelles en vue de prédire la réputation de l’employeur en tant que moteur de son attractivité Paula Caligiuri, Saba Colakoglu, Jean-Luc Cerdin et Mee Sook Kim Cette étude explore les différences interculturelles et individuelles en vue de prédire la réputation de l’employeur en tant que moteur de l’attractivité de ce dernier. Cette étude examine l’importance de la réputation de l’employeur chez des étudiants sortant d’école d’ingénieurs de neuf pays différents auxquels se pose le choix d’une entreprise. Nous explorons, au niveau culturel, l’impact de deux syndromes culturels, individualisme / collectivisme et verticalité / horizontalité. Puis, au niveau individuel, nous examinons l’influence des besoins de pouvoir et de réussite. Les résultats suggèrent que le collectivisme, au niveau culturel, et le besoin de pouvoir et de réussite, au niveau individuel, sont liés à l’importance attachée à la réputation de l’employeur. Dans la pratique, en matière de recrutement, les entreprises devraient, d’une part, penser à communiquer de telle sorte que leurs messages répondent aux normes culturelles du pays dans lesquels elles cherchent à recruter et, d’autre part, encourager leurs conseillers en recrutement à adapter leurs messages aux candidats qu’ils cherchent à attirer.
FIRST-ORDER RESONANCE OVERLAP AND THE STABILITY OF CLOSE TWO-PLANET SYSTEMS

Motivated by the population of observed multi-planet systems with orbital period ratios 1 < P2/P1 ≲ 2, we study the long-term stability of packed two-planet systems. The Hamiltonian for two massive planets on nearly circular and nearly coplanar orbits near a first-order mean motion resonance can be reduced to a one-degree-of-freedom problem. Using this analytically tractable Hamiltonian, we apply the resonance overlap criterion to predict the onset of large-scale chaotic motion in close two-planet systems. The reduced Hamiltonian has only a weak dependence on the planetary mass ratio m1/m2, and hence the overlap criterion is independent of the planetary mass ratio at lowest order. Numerical integrations confirm that the planetary mass ratio has little effect on the structure of the chaotic phase space for close orbits in the low-eccentricity (e ≲ 0.1) regime. We show numerically that orbits in the chaotic web produced primarily by first-order resonance overlap eventually experience large-scale erratic variation in semimajor axes and are therefore Lagrange unstable. This is also true of the orbits in this overlap region which satisfy the Hill criterion. As a result, we can use the first-order resonance overlap criterion as an effective stability criterion for pairs of observed planets. We show that for low-mass (≲ 10 M⊕) planetary systems with initially circular orbits the period ratio at which complete overlap occurs and widespread chaos results lies in a region of parameter space which is Hill stable. Our work indicates that a resonance overlap criterion which would apply for initially eccentric orbits likely needs to take into account second-order resonances. Finally, we address the connection found in previous work between the Hill stability criterion and numerically determined Lagrange instability boundaries in the context of resonance overlap.