Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saponins from Rubus parvifolius L. induce apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells through AMPK activation and STAT3 inhibition.

BACKGROUND Saponins are a major active component for the traditional Chinese medicine, Rubus parvifolius L. , which has shown clear antitumor activities. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of saponins of Rubus parvifolius L. (SRP) remain unclear with regard to human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. The aim of this study was to investigate inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction effects of SRP in K562 cells and further elucidate its regulatory mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of SRP and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability. Apoptosis induction by SRP was determined with FACS and DAPI staining analysis. Western blotting was used to detect expression of apoptosis and survival related genes. Specific inhibitors were added to confirm roles of STAT3 and AMPK pathways in SRP induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Our results indicated that SRP exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of K562 cells, and significantly induced apoptosis. Cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins was dramatically increased after SRP exposure. SRP treatment also increased the activities of AMPK and JNK pathways, and inhibited the phosphorylation expression level of STAT3 in K562 cells. Inhibition of the AMPK pathway blocked the activation of JNK by SRP, indicating that SRP regulated the expression of JNK dependent on the AMPK pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of the latter significantly conferred resistance to SRP pro- apoptotic activity, suggesting involvement of the AMPK pathway in induction of apoptosis. Pretreatment with a STAT3 inhibitor also augmented SRP induced growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, further confirming roles of the STAT3 pathway after SRP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that SRP induce cell apoptosis through AMPK activation and STAT3 inhibition in K562 cells. This suggests the possibility of further developing SRP as an alternative treatment option, or perhaps using it as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for chronic myeloid leukemia therapy.
Quantized Iterative Hard Thresholding: Bridging 1-bit and High-Resolution Quantized Compressed Sensing

In this work, we show that reconstructing a sparse signal from quantized compressive measurement can be achieved in an unified formalism whatever the (scalar) quantization resolution, i.e., from 1-bit to high resolution assumption. This is achieved by generalizing the iterative hard thresholding (IHT) algorithm and its binary variant (BIHT) introduced in previous works to enforce the consistency of the reconstructed signal with respect to the quantization model. The performance of this algorithm, simply called quantized IHT (QIHT), is evaluated in comparison with other approaches (e.g., IHT, basis pursuit denoise) for several quantization scenarios.
Cardiovascular Effects of Neuropeptide Y in Rat Brainstem Nuclei

Central catecholaminergic neurons are involved in cardiovascular regulation. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) coexists with adrenaline and noradrenaline in the rat brain, and interactions among these substances have been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of NPY in central cardiovascular control. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane, and blood pressure was monitored intra-arterially. Intramedullary microinjection (60 nl) of NPY (0, 46.5 fmol, 465 fmol, 1.5 pmol, and 4.65 pmol) was made into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), into the area postrema, and into the C1 area in the rostroventrolateral medulla. Injection site was identified by L-glutamate administration and confirmed histologically. Unilateral injection of NPY into the NTS produced a prominent dose-related decrease in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-106±8 beats/min, -56±2 mm Hg, and -33±2 mm Hg, respectively after 4.65 pmol NPY, n=7, p<0.001). Maximal changes occurred at 30 seconds and recovered in 10 minutes for blood pressure and 20 minutes for heart rate. Injection into the area postrema produced an initial increase in heart rate and mean blood pressure (+23 ±2 beats/min and +18 ±2 mm Hg) followed by a prolonged decrease in heart rate and mean blood pressure (-14±4 beats/min and -15±2 nun Hg, respectively, n=7, /? <0.01). However, injection of NPY into the Cl area produced a dose-related increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate (+17±1 nun Hg and -23±8 beats/min, n=6, p<0.01). To test the specific effect of NPY, rabbit anti-NPY antiserum was used. Prior administration of the antiserum inhibited the effects of subsequent administration of NPY, whereas inactivated antiserum was not able to prevent these effects. These studies demonstrate that NPY has powerful cardiovascular effects in the NTS, area postrema, and Cl area of the medulla oblongata of the rat. This finding suggests that NPY may be important in cardiovascular regulation.
A double‐blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients hospitalized for major depression and melancholia

The antidepressant efficacy and short-term safety of venlafaxine and fluoxetine were compared in 68 patients hospitalized with major depression and melancholia. Venlafaxine was superior in efficacy to fluoxetine; total scores for both the MADRS and the HAM-D were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in the venlafaxine group than in the fluoxetine group at Weeks 4 and 6. Overall tolerance was similar for the two treatments.
Influence of Spontaneous Nystagmus with Eyes Closed on Computerized Vestibular Exam of Patients with Chronic Peripheral

Summary Introduction: The spontaneous nystagmus with eyes closed (NEOF) can modify the results obtained during some evidence of vestibular, leading to erroneous conclusions. Objective: To characterize the patients and the type of influence on the evidence of NEOF vectonystagmography digital. Method: Retrospective study based on survey charts of patients with the presence of NEOF vectonystagmography digital, in the Outpatient Equilibriometria UNIFESP-EPM, in the years 2000 to 2007. Comparisons were made between genders, ages, direction, angular velocity of NEOF, completion of entrance examination and its influence on the results of caloric testing. Results: We found 73.7% of the population was female, mean age of 55.08 years; NEOF prevalence of horizontal and angular velocity smaller than 7°/s in 86.7%. 59% had some kind of influence caused by the caloric test NEOF as inversion, hyporeflexia, hyperreflexia, nystagmus directional preponderance (NDP) and labyrinthine preponderance (LP) changed. The most prevalent findings were normal vestibular tests (EVN) and bilateral irritative peripheral vestibular syndrome (BIPVS). 38.7% caloric ice and realized these cases it was possible to reach a conclusion in 79%. Conclusion: The NEOF most common was the horizontal type, with VACL less than 7°/s, influencing the majority of examinations and only the results of caloric testing the air, with reversal of post-caloric nystagmus, hyperreflexia and hyporeflexia, NDP and PL altered; the findings were more prevalent and BIPVS EVN, and the caloric test the influence of ice withdrew NEOF in most individuals, enabling to reach a final conclusion.
Immunohistochemistry cannot replace DNA analysis for evaluation of BRAF V600E mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Introduction The BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic event occurring in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Recently, the possibility of using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the BRAF V600E mutation has been reported. Materials and Methods In 140 patients with classical PTC, the status of the BRAF V600E mutation was determined by IHC (using two alternative staining protocols, IHC-1 and IHC-2) and molecular biology methods: Sanger sequencing (SEQ) and real-time PCR (qPCR). Results The BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 57.1% (80/140) patients by IHC-1 and 62.9% (88/140) patients by IHC-2. The highest correlation in detecting the BRAF V600E mutation was found between IHC-2 and qPCR (94.2%), and between IHC-1 and qPCR (83.9%). Correlations between IHC-1 and SEQ and between IHC-2 and SEQ were 71.5% and 76.2%, respectively. The IHC-2 protocol had higher sensitivity, PPV, and NPV, and Cohen’s kappa than IHC- 1. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation in IHC-2 statistically correlated with age at diagnosis, histopathological stage, and extrathyroidal extension. Conclusions The results obtained in this study indicate a lack of concordance between BRAF V600E detection by IHC and molecular methods. The IHC method cannot replace molecular methods for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation.
The Relationship Between Hope and Caregiver Strain in Family Caregivers of Patients With Advanced Cancer

Background: Today, family caregivers (FCs) are involved in all aspects of patient care. Hope influences one’s ability to cope with stressful situations. However, little information is available on how FCs’ levels of hope influence the strain they experience in their caregiving role. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to describe the levels of hope and caregiver strain in FCs of patients with advanced cancer and examine the relationship between hope and caregiver strain in these FCs. In addition, differences in hope and caregiver strain associated with a number of demographic characteristics are described. Methods: Family caregivers completed a demographic questionnaire, Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI). Results: Of the 112 FCs, the majority were female (60%) and spouses (94%), with a mean age of 63.1 (SD, 10.7) years. Mean HHI score was 36.8 (SD, 4.0). Approximately 20% of the FCs reported a high level of caregiver strain, and these FCs were younger. The prevalence of perceived strain across subscales of the CSI was highest for emotional adjustment (70%). No relationships were found between HHI total scores and any of the CSI subscale scores. However, FCs with lower HHI scores reported significantly higher levels of caregiver strain. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that younger individuals may represent a high-risk group of FCs for both lower levels of hope and higher levels of caregiver strain. Implications for Practice: Oncology nurses need to identify FCs at highest risk for increased strain and provide interventions to enhance hope and decrease perceived strain.
Exploring tensions in developing assessment for learning

This paper is based on a study of classroom practice of primary school teachers who were engaged in a programme of professional development to implement formative assessment in their classrooms. The programme sought to develop the skills and expertise of teachers to enable formative assessment to be used to support and improve the learning of students. This study examined changes in practice in these teachers’ classrooms, their students’ learning experiences, pedagogical decision‐making, and the challenges experienced by teachers and students in developing assessment for learning. Activity theory was used as an analytical tool and enabled the identification of important contradictions in the changing system that produced tensions and difficulties but also provided driving forces for change. The development of formative assessment practices was of necessity accompanied by a culture change in the complex classroom systems. For teachers change was characterised as a process of expansive learning that was motivated by a contradiction between the teachers’ beliefs about learning and the existing culture in the classroom. The change in classroom practice was enabled by the formative assessment philosophy and a range of mediating artefacts.
Electric Field Effects on 2 J HH Spin-Spin Coupling Constants

Some calculations of the electric field derivative of the spin-spin coupling constant on molecules in the series CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I, CH4 ,C H3Li, CH3Na and CH3K have been presented. The data is broken down into the 4 terms of the Ramsey theory: Fermi contact (FC); diamagnetic spin-orbit (DSO); paramagnetic spin- orbit (PSO) and spin-dipolar (SD). The FC term is seen to dominate all the calculated Js and their derivatives presented here. The situation where the FC term does not dominate in other molecules is discussed as a contrast.
A short history of stochastic integration and mathematical finance the early years, 1880-1970

The history of stochastic integration and the modelling of risky asset prices both begin with Brownian motion, so let us begin there too. The earliest attempts to model Brownian motion mathematically can be traced to three sources, each of which knew nothing about the others: the first was that of T. N. Thiele of Copenhagen, who effectively created a model of Brownian motion while studying time series in 1880 [80]. 1 ; the second was that of L. Bachelier of Paris, who created a model of Brownian motion while deriving the dynamic behavior of the Paris stock market, in 1900 (see, [1, 2, 11]); and the third was that of A. Einstein, who proposed a model of the motion of small particles suspended in a liquid, in an attempt to convince other physicists of the molecular nature of matter, in 1905 [21](See [63] for a discussion of Einstein’s model and his motivations.) Of these three models, those of Thiele and Bachelier had little impact for a long time, while that of Einstein was immediately influential. We go into a little detail about what happened to Bachelier, since he is now seen by many as the founder of modern Mathematical Finance. Ignorant of the work of Thiele (which was little appreciated in its day) and preceding the work of Einstein, Bachelier attempted to model the market noise of the Paris Bourse. Exploiting the ideas of the Central Limit Theorem, and realizing that market noise should be without memory, he reasoned that increments of stock prices should be independent and normally distributed. He combined his reasoning with the Markov property and semigroups, and connected Brownian motion with the heat equation, using that the Gaussian kernel is the fundamental solution to the heat equation. He was able to define other processes related to Brownian motion, such as the maximum change during a time interval (for one dimensional Brownian motion), by using random walks and letting the time steps go to zero, and by then taking
Self-Evaluation and Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Educators: Do they Practise what they Preach?

In the current climate of lifelong learning and continuing professional development, the importance of self-evaluation is discussed. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to identify the strategies used by fieldwork educators to evaluate their own supervisory skills. It further examined the fieldwork educators' attitude towards, and understanding of, self-evaluation. One hundred self-administered questionnaires were posted to a random sample of Glasgow Caledonian University fieldwork educators. A response rate of 74.5% was obtained. The respondents claimed to use a wide range of self-evaluation techniques, with the majority using between three and five strategies. While the respondents were found, overall, to view self-evaluation positively, only 55.2% of them appeared to understand this concept fully. Statistical analysis of association indicated that those respondents who understood self-evaluation were more likely to have a positive attitude towards it than those who did not fully understand this concept. It is recommended that future fieldwork education update courses should focus on informing fieldwork educators about the concept of self-evaluation and reinforcing its benefits. Fieldwork educators should be encouraged to continue to use self-evaluation and be made aware of the advantages of using a variety of strategies. Conclusion The respondents in this study supported self-evaluation and used a range of strategies to evaluate their own abilities as fieldwork educators. While 44.8% of the respondents lacked a full understanding of self-evaluation, overall the respondents had a positive attitude towards it. More research is needed to confirm and expand on the results of this study. It is recommended that this study be replicated with a larger sample from a cross-section of universities. The chi-square tests of association carried out found the expected frequencies to be quite low in some cases. Had the sample been larger, these tests could, perhaps, have been put to more use. Further studies should also concentrate on fieldwork educators' understanding of other concepts taught to and used by students on placement, and on the relationship between the visiting lecturer and the fieldwork educators.
Framed Encounters with Conservation and Mining Development: Indigenous Peoples' use of Strategic Framing in Suriname

While studies on the use of framing as a strategy for social movements have proliferated in the past 20 years, little is still known about how and why the frames vary across social movement actors and/or events. This article addresses this knowledge lacuna by comparing and contrasting Indigenous peoples' use of rights and identity frames in response to conservation and development events in Suriname. The variation in frames, and possible reasons for these variations, was compared across actors and events by considering (1) alignments of the global Indigenous rights movement with different movements and organizations over time, and (2) participants' level of involvement with national and global Indigenous rights movements. Evidence of strategic frame variation in this study demonstrated Indigenous peoples' ability to creatively and strategically pursue their interests by asserting their collective identity and rights in encounters with conservation and development projects. They accomplished this through the presentation of frames that called into question the logic and fairness of protected areas, their innate capacity to protect the environment, as well as their rights to land, and economic interests in mining. The greater use of rights frames by participants reflected networks generated with human rights organizations. Frame inconsistencies were apparent across conservation and development events that indicated uneven levels of involvement with Indigenous rights movements, which may yet produce unintended consequences for Indigenous communities. However, this case could also signal new possibilities for Indigenous peoples in terms of greater maneuverability in being able to assert their rights and negotiate their identities in relation to conservation and development, and ultimately to gain more power and autonomy over their own affairs.
Physical development and pulmonary function in children and adolescents treated at two cystic fibrosis treatment centres in Poland

Introduction: Delayed physical development, delayed puberty and malnutrition are common in children suffering from cystic fibrosis Material and methods: Physical development and respiratory function were assessed in 33 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis treated at two cystic fibrosis treatment centres in Poland. Results: Mean body height and body weight were significantly lower in the study group than in the reference population. Eightteen percent of the patients had severe developmental problems, and had body heights that were more than two standard deviations below the mean for the reference population. Over 60% of the patients were malnourished, and a third of these were severely malnourished. Mean leg length was considerably lower in the study group than in the reference population. The children with cystic fibrosis had infantile body proportions. Chest depth was higher and chest width was lower in the study group than in the reference population. Predicted FVC, predicted FEV1 and predicted FEF25-75 were lower in the study group than in the reference population. There was a strong positive correlation between nutritional status and predicted FEV1. On the other hand, there was no clear correlation between the type of CFTR gene mutation or infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and predicted FEV1. Conclusions: A full-scale study is underway to determine the effect of the type of CFTR gene mutation and infection caused by P. aeruginosa on pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis treated at specialized care facilities in Poland.
Continuities and Discontinuities: The transition from pre-service to first-year teaching

The study outlined in this paper is one element of a research project that was designed to determine, from the teachers' perspective, how their teacher preparation program influenced their development as teachers and how this development progressed in their beginning years within the profession. This paper then explores how a group of student-teachers who had completed their Dip. Ed. at Monash University described their own development during their transition into the teaching profession as they re-considered their pre-service teacher preparation program.
You Can Go Home Again

Much of the research on group behavior, especially that involving social cognition, has been conducted outside the group setting and devoid of social interaction. Some of the reasons for this include the view that group factors (especially developmentalfactors) are unimportant, the difficulty of conducting group-based research, and the lack of compatible group theories to guide the research. This is an unfortunate oversight because the practice fails to include many group variables that are important to the behaviors under study, and the research fails to contribute to our understanding of group dynamics. One of the variables overlooked when research is removedfrom the group setting is influence of group development. A model of group development is presented suggesting that development occurs through the cyclical stages of Discontent, Precipitating Incident, Identification, Group Productivity, Individuation, and Decay. The model offers specific hypotheses abouta host of social behaviors and cognitions. Some of these predictions are identified, and a research program testing these predictions is briefly reviewed. It is argued that these developmentalfactors are important for understanding and predicting group behaviors and cognitions about groups. Methodology for conducting group research is discussed, and a call for more descriptive research is made. Overall, it is argued that the most productive approach to studying groups is a balanced one that includes efforts to examine behaviors both within and outside the group setting, and uses both analytical methodologies as well as descriptive methods.
The effects of wound infiltration with bupivacaine versus saline on postoperative pain and opioid requirements after herniorrhaphy

In a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, twenty‐eight healthy, male patients, aged 20–69 years, scheduled for unilateral elective inguinal herniorrhaphy ad modum Bassini were randomized to receive postoperative infiltration of the surgical wound with either bupivacaine 0.25%, or isotonic saline. General anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 3–5 mg·kg‐1 and alfentanyl 10 μg·kg‐1, and maintained with alfentanyl 5 μg·kg‐1 15 min and N2O/O2. After herniorrhaphy, the internal fascia was infiltrated with bupivacaine 0.25% or saline, 10 ml. After closure of the external fascia, the subcutaneous tissue was infiltrated with bupivacaine 0.25% or saline, 15 ml on both sides of the surgical wound. Pain at rest, during mobilisation and during cough was significantly decreased in patients receiving bupivacaine compared to placebo. Median time to first request for morphine was increased from 25 min to 135 min, and the consumption of supplementary morphine during the 24 h study period reduced from four to two doses of 0.1 mg·kg‐1 iv or 0.125 mg·kg‐1 im, in patients who received bupivacaine compared to placebo.