Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The STAPL parallel container framework

The Standard Template Adaptive Parallel Library (STAPL) is a parallel programming infrastructure that extends C++ with support for parallelism. It includes a collection of distributed data structures called pContainers that are thread-safe, concurrent objects, i.e., shared objects that provide parallel methods that can be invoked concurrently. In this work, we present the STAPL Parallel Container Framework (PCF), that is designed to facilitate the development of generic parallel containers. We introduce a set of concepts and a methodology for assembling a pContainer from existing sequential or parallel containers, without requiring the programmer to deal with concurrency or data distribution issues. The PCF provides a large number of basic parallel data structures (e.g., pArray, pList, pVector, pMatrix, pGraph, pMap, pSet). The PCF provides a class hierarchy and a composition mechanism that allows users to extend and customize the current container base for improved application expressivity and performance. We evaluate STAPL pContainer performance on a CRAY XT4 massively parallel system and show that pContainer methods, generic pAlgorithms, and different applications provide good scalability on more than 16,000 processors.
Joint Treatment of Nonignorable Dropout and Informative Sampling for Longitudinal Survey Data

In this paper, we study, within a modeling framework, the joint treatment of nonignorable dropout and informative sampling for longitudinal survey data, by specifying the probability distribution of the observed measurements when the sampling design is informative. The sample distribution of the observed measurements model is extracted from the population distribution model, assumed to be multivariate normal. The sample distribution is derived first by identifying and estimating the conditional expectations of first order sample inclusion probabilities, (assuming complete response at the first time period), given the study variable, based on a variety of models, such as linear, exponential, logit and probit. Next, we consider a logistic model for the informative dropout process. The proposed method combines two methodologies used in the analysis of sample surveys: for the treatment of informative sampling and informative dropout. One incorporates the dependence of the first order inclusion probabilities at the initial time period on the study variable, see Eideh and Nathan (2006), while the other incorporates the dependence of the probability of nonresponse on unobserved or missing observations, see Diggle and Kenward (1994). An empirical example based on British Labour Force Survey data illustrates the methods proposed.
A estrutura composicional dos textos de estudantes sobre ciclos de materiais: evidências de uso e apropriação da linguagem científica

In this paper we present an analysis of the responses of 8th grade students (13-14 years old) to a questionnaire post-test administered after a learning sequence about chemical reactions. The focus of the analysis is to identify ways of using and the appropriation of scientific language by the students. We use elements of functional grammar of Halliday and Martin to examine the compositional structure of texts. Such an analysis was made considering studies of the formation and evolution of concepts from Vigotsky's sociocultural approach, highlighting evidence of appropiation of the concepts of transformation, chemical elements and substances. The results indicate a variety of compositional styles, and a prevailing narrative explanation closer to everyday language. We conclude that the appropriation process is long and the thinking of students, despite having traces of consistency and objectivity, differs from conceptual thinking.
Autonomy-Supportive Pedagogical Approach to Sports Coaching: Research, Challenges and Opportunities

There has been an increasing body of research on autonomy- or need-support specific to a coaching context that warrants some review of what we know and don't know, and what might be generative for future research. The previous studies reviewed within this article have shown consistent support for Self-determination theory with autonomy-supportive environments linked with adaptive outcomes, such as superior performance, enhanced self-worth, increased effort, and self-determined motivation; while controlling environments have been linked with increased attrition and extrinsic motivation or amotivation. In this way, much of the research in autonomy-supportive coaching has focused on the impact of coaching behaviours on athlete outcomes. While this is an important focus of inquiry, there has been a dearth of research examining those causal factors that impact coaches' pedagogical behaviours in the first case. This review underscores the need for future research to examine the antecedents to coaching behaviours, which is central to understanding the complexity and challenges in promoting an autonomy-supportive approach to sport coaching.
THE SOCIAL EQUITY OF URBAN SERVICE DISTRIBUTION: AN EXPLORATION OF PARK ACCESS IN PUEBLO, COLORADO, AND MACON, GEORGIA

The degree to which urban resources are distributed equitably is a research question that continues to be debated. While research dealing with urban service delivery has proliferated during the last 20 years, few studies have directly linked the spatial distribution of facilities (in the form of accessibility measures) with the spatial distribution of population subgroups in an effort to assess equity issues. In part, this may be caused by the methodological difficulties involved in trying to link these distributions. In this paper, I offer a methodological as well as an empirical contribution to the assessment of equitability in facility distribution. Utilizing data on parks in Pueblo, Colorado, and Macon, Georgia, I analyze the equitability of park distribution by comparing the spatial clustering of park access scores with the spatial clustering of selected socioeconomic variables. There is some empirical evidence that the spatial pattern of low access for Macon corresponds in certain areas to spatial c.
Can society take God's place--a reflection on Nursing's Social Policy.

TOPIC This article is an opinion on the strength of and issues related to applying nursing's social contract. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to promote discussion on the implications, use, and knowledge of nursing's social contract in a volatile healthcare environment. SOURCE(S) OF INFORMATION: This article is based on the author's opinions and Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2nd ed.) (ANA, 2003). CONCLUSION Nurses today need to understand the history and current implications of nursing's social contract to meet society's expectations of the nursing profession.
Parental involvement in schools : Parent and teacher perceptions of roles, efficacy, and opportunities

This study examined perceptions of roles, efficacy, and opportunities for parental involvement in schools among 558 parents and 142 teachers in six elementary, middle, and high schools. Parents and teachers completed parallel forms of a questionnaire that included ratings of preferred involvement by parents in 25 roles, perceptions of parents' effectiveness in enhancing children's school performance through each role, and ratings of the extent to which 16 potential barriers minimize opportunities for parents' participation in school activities. Factor analysis determined that parent-involvement activities can be grouped into two broad types of involvement roles: (a) roles in which parents have direct contact or involvement with their child, and (b) roles in which involvement is indirect, with less direct benefit specifically for their child. Overall, teachers rated parents as being more effective in helping children through their participation in activities than did parents themselves. Teachers also reported that parents have more barriers and fewer opportunities for involvement than parents actually reported. Consistent with current research, information-gathering and communication between parents and teachers regarding individual preferences, perceived effectiveness, and barriers to involvement are discussed as important prerequisites for establishing effective homeschool partnerships.
Radical Prostatectomy as a First-Line Treatment in Patients with Initial PSA  >20 ng/mL

Initial PSA >20 ng/mL is generally considered an adverse prognostic feature in prostate cancer (PCa). Our goals were to estimate the impact of radical prostatectomy (RP) on biochemical recurrence- (BCR-) free and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of PCa patients with PSA >20 ng/mL, and to identify patients with favorable oncological outcome. Using 20 ng/mL as a cut-point value, 205 PCa patients, who underwent RP, were stratified into two groups. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the significant outcome predictors among patients with PSA >20 ng/mL. Men in this group had significantly lower 10-yr BCR-free and CSS rates than patients with PSA ≤20 ng/mL (20.7% versus 79.6% (P < 0.001) and 65.0% versus 87.9% (P = 0.010), resp. ). Pathological stage and lymph node status were found to be the only independent predictors of PSA failure. Patients with favorable combination of these variables (pT2, N0) had significantly longer 10-yr BCR-free and CSS rates (44.3% versus 0% (P = 0.001) and 100.0% versus 33.6% (P = 0.011), resp. ). High PSA values do not uniformly indicate poor prognosis after surgery. Patients, who might benefit the most from RP, are those with organ confined PCa and negative lymph nodes.
Reduced CD151 expression is related to advanced tumour stage in urothelial bladder cancer

Aims: CD151 belongs to the group of tetraspanins and is aberrantly expressed in different tumours and differential expression has been associated with prognosis. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship of CD151 expression with tumour phenotype and clinical outcome in bladder cancer. Methods: A bladder cancer tissue microarray containing samples from 686 urothelial bladder cancers was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Membranous CD151 immunostaining was recorded in 409 (66.0%) of 620 analysable cases. High CD151 expression was seen in normal urothelium and in most non-invasive tumours. Low CD151 expression levels were associated with a more unfavourable tumour phenotype. CD151 staining was seen in 71.5% of 284 pTa, 62.1% of 145 pT1 and 60.4% of 187 pT2–4 cancers (p = 0.0033). CD151 staining was detectable in 77.3% of 75 grade 1, 71.1% of 273 grade 2 and 57.7% of 272 grade 3 cancers (p < 0.0001). CD151 expression status was not associated with overall or tumour-specific survival in muscle-invasive cancers (pT2–4), tumour progression in pT1 and recurrences in pTa tumours. Conclusion: On the basis of our data we conclude that loss of CD151 may contribute to bladder cancer progression through attenuation of cell adhesion. In clinically defined subgroups CD151 expression does not provide additional prognostic information.
General N‐Dark–Dark Solitons in the Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

N‐dark–dark solitons in the integrable coupled NLS equations are derived by the KP‐hierarchy reduction method. These solitons exist when nonlinearities are all defocusing, or both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities are mixed. When these solitons collide with each other, energies in both components of the solitons completely transmit through. This behavior contrasts collisions of bright–bright solitons in similar systems, where polarization rotation and soliton reflection can take place. It is also shown that in the mixed‐nonlinearity case, two dark–dark solitons can form a stationary bound state.
Measuring Individual Risk Attitudes in the Lab: Task or Ask? An Empirical Comparison

This paper reports on an empirical comparison of two prominent measures of individual risk attitudes – the Holt and Laury (2002) lottery-choice task and the multi-item questionnaire advocated by Dohmen et al. (2011) – with respect to their within-subject stability over time (one year) and their correlation with actual risk-taking behavior in the lab – here the amount sent in a trust game (Berg et al., 1995). Our results suggest that the two risk attitude measures are at best only weakly correlated. Only the questionnaire measure shows high test–retest stability, while virtually no such stability is found in the lottery-choice task. In addition, only the questionnaire measure shows the expected correlations with a Big Five personality measure and is correlated with actual risk-taking behavior. With respect to behavior in the trust game, we find a high retest stability of transfers. This supports the conjecture that trusting behavior has a component which itself is a stable individual characteristic.
Value of interviews for admission to clinical training programs: Perspective of program directors

Abstract The interview has a long history of being used to select individuals for positions in industry, professional occupations, and for a variety of specialised educational programs. Despite its widespread popularity, the selection interview is often criticised for its potential bias and unreliability, which in turn has led to its decreasing use in some settings. The purpose of the present study was to explore the views of the directors of 21 Australian clinical training programs as to the value of interviews as part of the admission process for their clinical psychology postgraduate training candidates. Three programs reported not conducting interviews at all, expressing reservations concerning their validity. Most other directors saw interviews as having at least some value, with the opportunity to evaluate interpersonal skills being one of the most commonly mentioned advantages. A variety of methods was used for the final admission decisions, with substantial variation in acceptance rates by candida.
A Survey of Credit Card Fraud Detection Techniques: Data and Technique Oriented Perspective

Credit card plays a very important rule in today's economy. It becomes an unavoidable part of household, business and global activities. Although using credit cards provides enormous benefits when used carefully and responsibly,significant credit and financial damages may be caused by fraudulent activities. Many techniques have been proposed to confront the growth in credit card fraud. However, all of these techniques have the same goal of avoiding the credit card fraud; each one has its own drawbacks, advantages and characteristics. In this paper, after investigating difficulties of credit card fraud detection, we seek to review the state of the art in credit card fraud detection techniques, data sets and evaluation criteria.The advantages and disadvantages of fraud detection methods are enumerated and compared.Furthermore, a classification of mentioned techniques into two main fraud detection approaches, namely, misuses (supervised) and anomaly detection (unsupervised) is presented. Again, a classification of techniques is proposed based on capability to process the numerical and categorical data sets. Different data sets used in literature are then described and grouped into real and synthesized data and the effective and common attributes are extracted for further usage.Moreover, evaluation employed criterions in literature are collected and discussed.Consequently, open issues for credit card fraud detection are explained as guidelines for new researchers.
Relative Concentrations of Proton MR Visible Neurochemicals in Gray and White Matter in Human Brain

The relative distributions of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) + N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr/PCr), and choline (Cho) in the gray and white matter of human brain were determined by utilizing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (SI). The SI data was processed using an automated spectroscopic image processing algorithm, and image segmentation was performed using a supervised technique. Linear regression analysis indicated that the NAA + NAAG (2.01 ppm) and Cr/PCr (3.02 ppm) peaks are greater in gray matter compared with white matter. The large intersubject variation observed in the Cho (3.20 ppm) resonance prevented the assessment of its regional distribution with confidence.
Assessing psychopathy in young people: the validity of the Psychopathic Checklist: Youth Version for a sample of Spanish offenders

In this study, we assessed the validity of the Psychopathic Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) in a Spanish sample of juvenile court-involved youths. Although recent Anglo-Saxon literature on the topic supports the usefulness of psychopathic traits in adolescent offenders for predicting recidivism and future violence, little is still known about their predictive ability for other cultures. The results of this study suggest that the PCL:YV possesses adequate concurrent criterion-related validity (by using self-reported version of Antisocial Process Screening Device) and retrospective validity (particularly as regards the antisocial, but also the affective–interpersonal domain). Specifically, retrospective validity was confirmed by positive correlations with history of truancy at school, poor parenting, parental delinquency, self-reported antisocial behaviour and illicit behaviour patterns including violent offences recorded in official files; however, careful analysis revealed that the Lifestyle and Antisocial factors are the main dimensions related to past offences, whether violent or otherwise. In conclusion, the PCL:YV is a convenient instrument for assessing psychopathy, and, hence, the risk of criminality, in youths.
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

ObjectiveTo review the data demonstrating that central nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunctions during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have similar laboratory correlates and clinical outcomes, suggesting that they are individual organ manifestations of a systemic disorder at presentation, a disorder similar to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome seen in other populations of critically ill patients. Data Sources and Study SelectionReports of clinical research studies on the natural history and laboratory correlates of central nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunction (generally manifesting as the syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease) during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data Extraction and SynthesisDuring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pulmonary dysfunction (manifesting as hypoxia), central nervous system dysfunction (detected by alteration of the Mini-Mental Status Exam), and hepatic dysfunction (presenting as the syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease) are all associated with significant decreases in the levels of antithrombin III and protein C and an increase in the platelet transfusion requirement. Each of these three organ dysfunctions is associated with a high likelihood of being followed by the other two and, eventually, death. Patients with these organ dysfunctions have higher levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; than patients who never develop these complications. Mortality rates for patients with these organ dysfunctions vary from 15% in patients with only one organ dysfunction to 100% in patients who have progressed to all three. Patients who develop none of these organ dysfunctions have a mortality rate that approaches zero. ConclusionsCentral nervous system, pulmonary, and hepatic dysfunctions are intimately involved in the mortal complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Because these organ dysfunctions have similar correlates and similar outcomes, the hypothesis that they are individual parts of a systemic disorder is proposed. The additional observation that these organ dysfunctions are associated with abnormally high levels of inflammation-related cytokines raises the possibility that their pathogenesis is similar to that of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in other populations of critically ill patients.
The role of gender and social class in work stress

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a large community wide survey on occupational stress.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via a questionnaire, using a random sample of the general population in the north east region of England, UK. A total of 2,500 people completed questionnaires, which represented all socio‐economic groups.Findings – The results of the bivariate analysis revealed significant differences in terms of physical and psychological wellbeing amongst the male and female sample. Multiple regression analysis provided evidence that the issue of job satisfaction is critical and different amongst both males and females and social class.Originality/value – This research investigated the combined effects of both gender differences at work and social class in one given study, using one instrument, in one community setting. Recommendations for future research at the theoretical and practical level are given.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN HOTEL MURIA SEMARANG

This study was conducted to examine and analyze the influence of leadership style and compensation to employee motivation at the Muria Hotel Semarang, either partial or simultaneously, and examine the variables which are the dominant influences. The method used in this study is explanatory method, the research is taking place Muria Hotel Semarang, with a sample of some 70 employees, data collection techniques of observation, questionnaires, interviews and literature study. The results of data analysis showed that the partial effect on the motivation of the leadership style of work with the standardized beta coefficient of 0.640, and the compensation effect on the motivation to work with a standardized beta coefficient of 0.381. While simultaneously indicated by the coefficient of determination adjusted R Square of 0.850 means that the variable leadership style and compensation able to explain 85.0% change in employee motivation at the Muria Hotel Semarang. Keywords: Leadership Style, Compensation, and Work Motivation
Communication and Social Presence: The Impact on Adult Learners' Emotions in Distance Learning

The aim of this work is to examine the role of communication and social presence in distance learning environments and their impact on the emotions of adult learners. A study was conducted at the Hellenic Open University (HOU), using a questionnaire that was completed by 94 undergraduate and postgraduate students. More than 94 % of the students felt the need to communicate with their instructor and fellow students, but less actually did. More than 50 % of the students experienced both positive and negative emotions, while women were more prone to negative feelings. Negative emotions motivated students mainly to contact the tutor, while both negative and positive emotions motivated them to contact their fellow students. After communication, the majority of students felt positive emotions more intensely and negative ones less intensely, due to support and encouragement that they received from their tutor and fellow students. More than 80 % of the participants considered social presence as an important element of communication during their course, related to positive emotions. Regardless of the level of the course, age and marital status, quality student–tutor and student-student communication in the Hellenic Open University has an important effect on students’ emotional well being.