Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Health Risks and Pathways for Exposure to Wastewater Use in Agriculture

Background: Wastewater is increasingly being used in the agricultural sector to cope with the depletion of freshwater resources as well as water stress linked to changing climate conditions. As wastewater irrigation expands, research focusing on the human health risks is critical because exposure to a range of contaminants must be weighed with the benefits to food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Objectives: The goal of this paper was to review research examining health risks and exposure pathways associated with wastewater irrigation to identify research trends and gaps. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature and identified a total of 126 studies published from 1995 to 2013. Findings were summarized based on several themes including types of exposure pathways, wastewater contaminants, methodological approaches and the geographical distribution of research. Results: Only 23 studies used epidemiological methods, while most research applied alternative methods to estimate risk, such as quantitative risk assessment models or comparisons of crop contamination to established guidelines for wastewater reuse. A geographic breakdown demonstrated a focus on microbiological contaminants in specific regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, despite growing chemical risks associated with rapid urbanization and industrialization that may change the types and distribution of wastewater contaminants. Conclusions: To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the health risks of wastewater use in agriculture, future research should consider multiple exposure routes, long-term health implications, and increase the range of contaminants studied, particularly in regions heavily dependent on wastewater irrigation. Citation: Dickin SK, Schuster-Wallace CJ, Qadir M, Pizzacalla K. 2016. A review of health risks and pathways for exposure to wastewater use in agriculture. Environ Health Perspect 124:900–909; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1509995
Disentangling the Relationship Between Social Ties, Prison Visitation, and Recidivism

Studies find inmates who receive visits while incarcerated are less likely to recidivate upon release, especially when visits are from spouses and occur frequently throughout incarceration. Absent from these studies is measurement of the quality of an inmate’s relationships prior to incarceration, which may play a more significant role in criminal desistance than visitation itself. Longitudinal data from 205 incarcerated male and female adult offenders were used to test the mediating effects of visitation for offenders with varying levels of preincarceration relationships on recidivism. Findings indicate that quality of an inmate’s preincarceration relationships is more important in reducing the odds of recidivism than visitation. When quality of relationships was taken into account, visitation became nonsignificant in predicting the odds of recidivism. Most critical, a strong maternal relationship prior to incarceration was associated with a reduction in recidivism subsequent to a period of incarceration.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED ISOLATION OF MUCILAGE FROM THE FRUITS OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS

A microwave assisted extraction technique was developed to optimize the extraction of mucilage from the fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus plant. The plant has been extracted by conventional and microwave assisted methods for the isolation of mucilage. Microwave extraction at 160 W intensity and 40 min heating duration increase 11.55% in the yield of mucilage when compared to 1 h conventional heating method. The products obtained by both the methods were of similar nature chemically. The developed microwave procedure can be used successfully in commercial and routine laboratory isolation of mucilage.
Semi-supervised spam filtering: does it work?

The results of the 2006 ECML/PKDD Discovery Challenge suggest that semi-supervised learning methods work well for spam filtering when the source of available labeled examples differs from those to be classified. We have attempted to reproduce these results using data from the 2005 and 2007 TREC Spam Track, and have found the opposite effect: methods like self-training and transductive support vector machines yield inferior classifiers to those constructed using supervised learning on the labeled data alone. We investigate differences between the ECML/PKDD and TREC data sets and methodologies that may account for the opposite results.
Design Techniques for a Low-Voltage VCO With Wide Tuning Range and Low Sensitivity to Environmental Variations

This paper presents design techniques for a low-voltage voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide tuning range and low sensitivity to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. For wide tuning range, a switched tuning scheme is employed coupled with voltage-boosting techniques in a manner that improves the quality factor and tuning range of a switched capacitor array. To minimize the design overhead required for a robust VCO, an adaptive body-biasing technique is proposed, which relaxes the startup constraint and increases the VCO's immunity to PVT variations. The proposed VCO is implemented in 0.18-mum CMOS technology and operates at 2.4 GHz. It achieves phase noise of - 117 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and a tuning range 20% while consuming 365 muW of power. The figure-of-merit with the tuning range is -197 dBc/Hz, which is the lowest among recent state-of-the-art low-voltage VCOs.
A Neuroanatomical Basis for the Frequency of Discrete Spontaneous Activities in Schizophrenia

Limited behavioural repertoire impacts quality of life in chronic schizophrenia. We have previously shown that the amount of movement exhibited by patients with schizophrenia is positively correlated with the volume of left anterior cingulate cortex and that this quantity of movement can be increased by modafinil. However, increased movement in itself may be of limited clinical significance. Hence, we sought to analyse the ‘structure’ of spontaneous movement in patients with schizophrenia and to examine whether the chunking of spontaneous activity has a neuroanatomical basis. ‘Actiwatches’ were used to record spontaneous motor activity over a 20 hour period in sixteen male patients with schizophrenia. Time-series data were analysed for the number of discrete spontaneous activities, which might indicate a degree of structure to ongoing activity. Subjects underwent a whole-brain structural MRI scan. The ‘number of discrete movement epochs’ correlated with volumes of regions within bilateral rostro-ventral putamen and temporal poles. These data suggest that in people with schizophrenia the volume of bilateral putamen may influence the complexity of their behaviours, as distinct from the overall amount of behaviour. The results are presented in the context of a large body of previous research examining the role of the basal ganglia in motor and cognitive pattern generation.
Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents the Onset of Endothelial Dysfunction via Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species in an Experimental Model of Menopause

Objective Previous studies have shown that estrogen deficiency, arising in postmenopause, promotes endothelial dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training on endothelial dependent vasodilation of aorta in ovariectomized rats, specifically investigating the role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods Female Wistar rats ovariectomized (OVX – n=20) or with intact ovary (SHAM – n=20) remained sedentary (OVX and SHAM) or performed aerobic exercise training on a treadmill 5 times a week for a period of 8 weeks (OVX-TRA and SHAM-TRA). In the thoracic aorta the endothelium-dependent and –independent vasodilation was assessed by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. Certain aortic rings were incubated with L-NAME to assess the NO modulation on the ACh-induced vasodilation. The fluorescence to dihydroethidium in aortic slices and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured to evaluate ROS and NO bioavailability, respectively. Results ACh-induced vasodilation was reduced in OVX rats as compared SHAM (Rmax: SHAM: 86±3.3 vs. OVX: 57±3.0%, p<0.01). Training prevented this response in OVX-TRA (Rmax: OVX-TRA: 88±2.0%, p<0.01), while did not change it in SHAM-TRA (Rmax: SHAM-TRA: 80±2.2%, p<0.01). The L-NAME incubation abolished the differences in ACh-induced relaxation among groups. SNP-induced vasodilation was not different among groups. OVX reduced nitrite/nitrate plasma concentrations and increased ROS in aortic slices, training as effective to restore these parameters to the SHAM levels. Conclusions Exercise training, even in estrogen deficiency conditions, is able to improve endothelial dependent vasodilation in rat aorta via enhanced NO bioavailability and reduced ROS levels.
Origin of Color Gradients in Elliptical Galaxies

The origin of color gradients in elliptical galaxies is examined by comparing model gradients with those observed in the Hubble Deep Field. The models are constructed so as to reproduce color gradients in local elliptical galaxies either by a metallicity gradient or by an age gradient. By looking-back a sequence of the color gradient as a function of redshift, the age-metallicity degeneracy is solved. The observed color gradients in elliptical galaxies at z = 0.1 to 1.0 agree excellently with those predicted by the metallicity gradient, while they deviate significantly from those predicted by the age gradient even at z ∼ 0.3, and the deviation becomes larger with increasing redshift. This result does not depend on cosmological parameters and parameters for an evolutionary model of an elliptical galaxy within a reasonable range. Thus our results clearly indicate that the origin of color gradients is not age but stellar metallicity.
The Chaplygin gas as a model for dark energy

We review the essential features of the Chaplygin gas cosmological models and provide some examples of appearance of the Chaplygin gas equation of state in modern physics. A possible theoretical basis for the Chaplygin gas in cosmology is discussed. The relation with scalar field and tachyon cosmological models is also considered.
Psychometric Properties of the Abbreviated Version of Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-R) in a Sample of Inmates in Spanish Prisons

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to perform a psychometric analysis of the reduced version of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-R) in the Spanish prison population. The sample consists of 294 inmates (265 men and 29 women) who are serving prison sentences in the Penitentiary Centers of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The average age is 41.20 years (SD = 10.51). The internal consistency of the scale showed a high value in the global scale (α = .951), with the clinical scales showing the best reliability. The confirmatory analysis showed a good fit of the model, both in the clinical scales (X2[43] = 283.108; RMSEA = .065; CFI = .892; GFI = .899; AGFI = .927; p < .01) and in those that include interpersonal problems and requests for help (X2[13] = 44.205; RMSEA = .061; CFI = .913; GFI = .959; AGFI = .912; p < .01). With these results it can be said that the abbreviated version of the PAI is a valid and effective instrument for the estimation of personality characteristics in forensic environments.
The Implementation of Biological Learning Integrates The Local Wisdom of Mamanda Using The Role Playing Method on Student Learning Outcomes

Learning mastery the concept of gametogenesis to students majoring in biology education at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lambung Mangkurat less because the concept of gametogenesis is very abstract and requires a high level of understanding with high memorizing abilities. Based on this condition, it is necessary to apply the Mamanda learning model in the concept of gametogenesis. Mamanda is a traditional theater art originating from South Kalimantan. Biology learning integrates mamanda local wisdom using the role-playing method to make abstract concepts can be modeled concretely, and through the process of role-playing in Mamanda can facilitate mastery of the learning concept of gametogenesis. This study aims to determine the average learning outcomes and learning mastery of classical concepts of gametogenesis through biology learning integrated Mamanda local wisdom using the role playing method. This research is a quasi-experimental study with an unequal group design. The study sample was a total sample, namely, class A as the experimental class using the Mamanda learning model and class B as the control class using learning with group presentations. The results showed a significant difference in learning outcomes, with the average learning outcomes in class A with the Mamanda learning model of 84.45 while the student learning outcomes in the control class B with group presentation learning amounting to 72.37. Classical Mastery Learning in class A with the Mamanda learning model is 95.00% while classical mastery learning in the control class B with group presentation learning is 80.50%. Keywords— learning; mamanda; role-playing; gametogenesis.
Generation of Alternative Clusterings Using the CAMI Approach

Exploratory data analysis aims to discover and generate multiple views of the structure within a dataset. Conventional clustering techniques, however, are designed to only provide a single grouping or clustering of a dataset. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm called CAMI, that can uncover alternative clusterings from a dataset. CAMI takes a mathematically appealing approach, combining the use of mutual information to distinguish between alternative clusterings, coupled with an expectation maximization framework to ensure clustering quality. We experimentally test CAMI on both synthetic and real-world datasets, comparing it against a variety of state-of-the-art algorithms. We demonstrate that CAMI’s performance is high and that its formulation provides a number of advantages compared to existing techniques.
Neurocognitive change in the era of HIV combination antiretroviral therapy: the longitudinal CHARTER study.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can show variable clinical trajectories. Previous longitudinal studies of HAND typically have been brief, did not use adequate normative standards, or were conducted in the context of a clinical trial, thereby limiting our understanding of incident neurocognitive (NC) decline and recovery. METHODS We investigated the incidence and predictors of NC change over 16-72 (mean, 35) months in 436 HIV-infected participants in the CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research cohort. Comprehensive laboratory, neuromedical, and NC assessments were obtained every 6 months. Published, regression-based norms for NC change were used to generate overall change status (decline vs stable vs improved) at each study visit. Survival analysis was used to examine the predictors of time to NC change. RESULTS Ninety-nine participants (22.7%) declined, 265 (60.8%) remained stable, and 72 (16.5%) improved. In multivariable analyses, predictors of NC improvements or declines included time-dependent treatment status and indicators of disease severity (current hematocrit, albumin, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase), and baseline demographics and estimated premorbid intelligence quotient, non-HIV-related comorbidities, current depressive symptoms, and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (overall model P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS NC change is common in HIV infection and appears to be driven by a complex set of risk factors involving HIV disease, its treatment, and comorbid conditions.
Possible interchromosomal effect in embryos generated by gametes from translocation carriers.

BACKGROUND The incidence of abnormal pregnancies in carriers of balanced translocations depends strictly on the chromosomes involved in the translocations. The aim of this study was to verify whether conventional aneuploidy screening could be advantageously combined with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for translocations. METHODS Twenty-eight carriers of Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations underwent 43 PGD cycles; specific probes were used to screen the translocation in 172 embryos generated by 35 cycles; most of these embryos were also screened for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22 (n = 166), XY (n = 107), 1 (n = 17) and 15 (n = 88). For the remaining eight cycles (carriers of reciprocal translocations) only the chromosomes involved in common aneuploidy screening were investigated on the 40 embryos generated in vitro. RESULTS In Robertsonian translocations, the proportion of embryos with abnormalities due to the translocation was 21%, common aneuploidies contributed 31% of total abnormalities, whereas the remaining 36% of embryos had abnormalities due to both types of chromosome. For reciprocal translocations, the chromosomes involved in the translocation were responsible for 65% of total abnormalities; only 6% of the embryos were abnormal for common aneuploidies and 16% carried abnormalities due to both the chromosomes involved in the translocation and those not related to the translocation. CONCLUSIONS An interchromosomal effect seems to play a role in the case of Robertsonian translocations, where the relevant contribution of aneuploidy exposes the couple to an additional risk of abnormal pregnancy.
Insights into the evolution of Archaea and eukaryotic protein modifier systems revealed by the genome of a novel archaeal group

The domain Archaea has historically been divided into two phyla, the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Although regarded as members of the Crenarchaeota based on small subunit rRNA phylogeny, environmental genomics and efforts for cultivation have recently revealed two novel phyla/divisions in the Archaea; the ‘Thaumarchaeota’ and ‘Korarchaeota’. Here, we show the genome sequence of Candidatus ‘Caldiarchaeum subterraneum’ that represents an uncultivated crenarchaeotic group. A composite genome was reconstructed from a metagenomic library previously prepared from a microbial mat at a geothermal water stream of a sub-surface gold mine. The genome was found to be clearly distinct from those of the known phyla/divisions, Crenarchaeota (hyperthermophiles), Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota and Korarchaeota. The unique traits suggest that this crenarchaeotic group can be considered as a novel archaeal phylum/division. Moreover, C. subterraneum harbors an ubiquitin-like protein modifier system consisting of Ub, E1, E2 and small Zn RING finger family protein with structural motifs specific to eukaryotic system proteins, a system clearly distinct from the prokaryote-type system recently identified in Haloferax and Mycobacterium. The presence of such a eukaryote-type system is unprecedented in prokaryotes, and indicates that a prototype of the eukaryotic protein modifier system is present in the Archaea.
Depiction of Trends in Administrative Healthcare Data from Hospital Information System

Background: administrative healthcare data are among main components of hospital information system. Such data can be analyzed and deployed for a variety of purposes. The principal aim of this research was to depict trends of administrative healthcare data from HIS in a general hospital from March 2011 to March 2014. Methods: data set used for this research was extracted from the SQL database of the hospital information system in Razi general hospital located in Marand. The data were saved as CSV (Comma Separated Values) in order to facilitate data cleaning and analysis. The variables of data set included patient’s age, gender, final diagnosis, final diagnosis code based on ICD-10 classification system, date of hospitalization, date of discharge, LOS(Length of Stay), ward, and survival status of the patient. Data were analyzed and visualized after applying appropriate cleansing and preparing techniques. Results: morbidity showed a constant trend over three years. Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium were the leading category of final diagnosis (about 32.8 %). The diseases of the circulatory system were the second class accounting for 13 percent of the hospitalization cases. The diseases of the digestive system had the third rank (10%). Patients aged between 14 and 44 constituted a higher proportion of total cases. Diseases of the circulatory system was the most common class of diseases among elderly patients (age≥65). The highest rate of mortality was observed among patients with final diagnosis of the circulatory system diseases followed by those with diseases of the respiratory system, and neoplasms. Mortality rate for the ICU and the CCU patients were 62% and 33% respectively. The longest average of LOS (7.3 days) was observed among patients hospitalized in the ICU while patients in the Obstetrics and Gynecology ward had the shortest average of LOS (2.4 days). Multiple regression analysis revealed that LOS was correlated with variables of surgery, gender, and type of payment, ward, the class of final diagnosis and age. Conclusion: this study presents trends in administrative health care data residing in hospital information system of a general public hospital. Patterns in morbidity, mortality and length of stay can inform decision making in health care management. Mining trends in administrative healthcare data can add value to the health care management.
The validity and reliability of screening measures for depression and anxiety disorders in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To test the validity and reliability of screening instruments for depression and anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Participants with RA completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2, PHQ-9), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression Short Form-8a (PROMIS Depression) and Anxiety Short Form-8a (PROMIS Anxiety), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety score (HADS-A) and depression score (HADS-D), Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 and 7 item scales (GAD-2, GAD-7) and Kessler-6 scale. Clinical depression and anxiety disorders were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Research version (SCID). We reported sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) using SCID diagnoses as the criterion standard. Test-retest reliability was assessed with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Of 150 participants, 11.3% had SCID-diagnosed depression, 7.3% SCID-diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder and 19.3% any SCID-diagnosed anxiety disorder. For depression, SENS ranged from HADS-D (cut-point 11: 35%) to PHQ-2 (88%) and PHQ-9 (87%). SPEC ranged from PHQ-9 (77%), PHQ-2 (84%) to HADS-D (cut-point 11: 94%). PPV ranged from 30% to 43%. NPV ranged from 92% to 98%. For generalized anxiety disorder, SENS ranged from HADS-A (cut-point 11: 45%) to HADS-A (cut-point 8: 91%). SPEC ranged from 81% to 89% for all measures except the HADS-A (cut-point 8: 63%). ICC estimates ranging from 0.69 to 0.88 confirmed good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS Depression screening instruments had good diagnostic performance; anxiety instruments were more variable. Identified depression and anxiety require clinical confirmation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.