Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Epidermoid Tumor: Late Complication of Lumbar Puncture

Intraspinal epidermoid tumors can be congenital and acquired. Acquired intraspinal epidermoid tumors are extremely rare. Epidermal elements are implanted into the arachnoid space by trauma, spinal anesthesia, surgery, bullet wounds, myelography, or lumbar puncture. Approximately 40% of acquired epidermoid tumors are considered a late complication of lumbar puncture. The authors report the case of an 8-year-old boy who presented with a 1-year history of back and hip pain and radiating pain to both thighs posterior. Lumbar puncture was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit to rule out meningitis in the patient's past medical history. The patient underwent total surgical excision of the epidermoid tumor. Pathologic examination revealed the diagnosis of epidermoid tumor. Keywords: intraspinal epidermoid tumor; lumbar puncture; children
Optimization methods for post-bond die-internal/external testing in 3D stacked ICs

Testing of three-dimensional (3D) stacked ICs (SICs) is starting to receive considerable attention in the semiconductor industry. Since the die-stacking steps of thinning, alignment, and bonding can introduce defects, there is a need to test multiple subsequent partial stacks during 3D assembly. We address the problem of test-architecture optimization for 3D stacked ICs to minimize overall test time when either the complete stack only, or the complete stack and multiple partial stacks, need to be tested. We show that optimal test-architecture solutions and test schedules for multiple test insertions are different from their counterparts for a single final stack test. In addition, we present optimization techniques for the testing of TSVs and die-external logic in combination with the dies in the stack.
Baseline Screening Mammography: Performance of Full-Field Digital Mammography Versus Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.

OBJECTIVE Baseline mammography studies have significantly higher recall rates than mammography studies with available comparison examinations. Digital breast tomosynthesis reduces recalls when compared with digital mammographic screening alone, but many sites operate in a hybrid environment. To maximize the effect of screening digital breast tomosynthesis with limited resources, choosing which patient populations will benefit most is critical. This study evaluates digital breast tomosynthesis in the baseline screening population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Outcomes were compared for 10,728 women who underwent digital mammography screening, including 1204 (11.2%) baseline studies, and 15,571 women who underwent digital breast tomosynthesis screening, including 1859 (11.9%) baseline studies. Recall rates, cancer detection rates, and positive predictive values were calculated. Logistic regression estimated the odds ratios of recall for digital mammography versus digital breast tomosynthesis for patients undergoing baseline screening and previously screened patients, adjusted for age, race, and breast density. RESULTS In the baseline subgroup, recall rates for digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis screening were 20.5% and 16.0%, respectively (p = 0.002); digital breast tomosynthesis screening in the baseline subgroup resulted in a 22% reduction in recall compared with digital mammography, or 45 fewer patients recalled per 1000 patients screened. Digital breast tomosynthesis screening in the previously screened patients resulted in recall reduction of 14.3% (p < 0.001; p for interaction = 0.21). The recall rate reduction for baseline screening was especially pronounced in women younger than 50 years (p = 0.005). DBT implementation resulted in an increase in cancer detection in the baseline subgroup of 40.5% versus an increase in the previously screened subgroup of 17.4%. DBT implementation resulted in an increase in PPV1 in the baseline subgroup of 85% versus 35.3% in the previously screened subgroup, although the p-interaction was not significant. CONCLUSION If resources are limited, women younger than 50 years who are undergoing baseline screening or do not have prior available mammograms may benefit more from digital breast tomosynthesis than from digital mammography alone.
Individual differences in social categorization: The influence of personal need for structure on spontaneous trait inferences.

Because 1 function of categorization is to provide structure and control to social interactions and because individuals differ in the extent to which they desire control and structure, individual differences in personal need for structure (PNS) should moderate the extent to which people categorize. Spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) were used to assess the use of traits in categorization. High-PNS Ss were more likely to form STIs and more likely to recall names of target actors in the stimulus sentences. This research provides evidence for the organization of behavioral information in person nodes in circumstances where processing goals did not explicitly request such organization
Trie-join

A string similarity join finds similar pairs between two collections of strings. It is an essential operation in many applications, such as data integration and cleaning, and has attracted significant attention recently. In this paper, we study string similarity joins with edit-distance constraints. Existing methods usually employ a filter-and-refine framework and have the following disadvantages: (1) They are inefficient for the data sets with short strings (the average string length is no larger than 30); (2) They involve large indexes; (3) They are expensive to support dynamic update of data sets. To address these problems, we propose a novel framework called trie-join, which can generate results efficiently with small indexes. We use a trie structure to index the strings and utilize the trie structure to efficiently find the similar string pairs based on subtrie pruning. We devise efficient trie-join algorithms and pruning techniques to achieve high performance. Our method can be easily extended to support dynamic update of data sets efficiently. Experimental results show that our algorithms outperform state-of-the-art methods by an order of magnitude on three real data sets with short strings.
Atypical antipsychotics not associated with improved hospitalisation outcomes compared with typical antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia in real practice

ED FROM Stargardt T, Edel MA, Ebert A, et al. Effectiveness and cost of atypical versus typical antipsychotic treatment in a nationwide cohort of patients with schizophrenia in Germany. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012;32:602–7. Correspondence to: Tom Stargard, Hamburg Centre for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Esplanade 36, Hamburg, Germany; Tom.Stargardt@wiso.uni-hamburg.de Sources of funding: Janssen Cilag and National Institute of Health Research. CO M M EN TA RY The words ‘typical’ and ‘atypical’ are often used in relation to antipsychotics but no one can agree on their exact meaning or on which drugs belong to which group. More importantly, each group contains a diverse range of chemical entities with numerous pharmacological effects, and are thus not groups in any sense. In this study, these observations are starkly reflected: sulpiride is classed as a typical, zotepine as an atypical. Thioridazine is a ‘high-potency typical’ whereas drugs lacking any antipsychotic action (promethazine and promazine) are ‘low-potency typical antipsychotics’. Naturalistic studies are open to biases including confounding by indication. A good example of this would be clozapine, a drug only used in resistant cases where outcomes are relatively poor. This study is confounded by numerous factors but also by a methodological constraint. That is the effective discounting of patients who switched from one antipsychotic to another. In doing this, the authors remove those people who did not respond to, or could not tolerate, the drug prescribed to them. The study cohort then consists of patients who have not switched, and one presumes did respond and did tolerate the drug prescribed. Twice as many people switched in the typical group than in the atypical group. So, excluded from most analyses are patients with a poor outcome, the majority of whom were prescribed typical drugs. The authors conclude that atypicals have no advantages over typicals, and are not cost-effective. In doing so, the authors ignore the caveats outlined above and pay limited attention to reductions in costs of atypicals or in the advantage observed for atypicals with respect to prescriptions for drugs indicating extrapyramidal disorders. Another interpretation is that patients are more likely to be switched from typicals and even those not switched are much more likely to suffer extrapyramidal side effects. Atypicals were introduced to fanfares of approval, but a change of view has come many years later. Nonetheless, many clinicians have completely reversed their opinions on the perceived benefits of atypicals. This study goes perhaps too far in trying to convince us of the lack of benefit of so-called atypicals.
Patents Rights and Innovation by Small and Large Firms

This paper studies the causal impact of patents on subsequent innovation by the patent holder. The analysis is based on court invalidation of patents by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and exploits the random allocation of judges to control for the endogeneity of the judicial decision. Patent invalidation leads to a 50 percent decrease in patenting by the patent holder, on average, but the impact depends critically on characteristics of the patentee and the competitive environment. The effect is entirely driven by small innovative firms in technology fields where they face many large incumbents. Invalidation of patents held by large firms does not change the intensity of their innovation but shifts the technological direction of their subsequent patenting.
Foundations and grand challenges of artificial intelligence

AAAI is a society devoted to supporting the progress in science, technology and applications of AI. I thought I would use this occasion to share with you some of my thoughts on the recent advances in AI, the insights and theoretical foundations that have emerged out of the past thirty years of stable, sustained, systematic explorations in our field, and the grand challenges motivating the research in our field.
Nurse prescribing: what do patients think?

AIM To explore nurse prescribing from the patient's viewpoint. METHOD This study was undertaken in one primary care group in Leicestershire. All prescribing health visitors (n = 17), district nurses (n = 9) and practice nurses (n = 1) were asked to recruit five patients for whom they had prescribed. Fifty patients took part in a telephone or face-to-face interview. Participants were predominantly low or new users of nurse prescribing, while the nurse prescribers were experienced. RESULTS Participants identified that nurse prescribers had key skills in assessment, observation, diagnosing and providing information. Nurse prescribing was accepted by all participants as a practical and responsive method of service delivery. Gains identified were better use of the nurse's and doctor's time, convenience, a quality relationship with the nurse and expertise of the nurse. Disadvantages identified included the limitations of the Nurse Prescribers' Formulary and the training and competence of nurse prescribers. CONCLUSION This study helps affirm that nurse prescribers meet the needs of patients, with positive experiences in terms of the process and outcomes. Future developments suggested by participants appear to reflect government concerns. Such changes include the need to develop and maintain competence to uphold public safety and for the formulary to be expanded. To ensure that the NHS workforce is used more effectively, participants agreed with providing patient-centred services and the renegotiation of traditional roles.
Familias ante la parálisis cerebral

La paralisis cerebral es una afeccion neurologica, cuya incidencia en la poblacion espanola es de 2 casos por cada 1.000 nacimientos vivos. Actualmente, es la causa mas frecuente de discapacidad fisica, que puede ir o no acompanada de deficiencias intelectuales y/o sensoriales, dependiendo de la region cerebral afectada. Su aparicion durante la primera infancia hace que sea la familia la que detecte la presencia de una alteracion en el desarrollo del nino/a y la primera que reciba el diagnostico, sufriendo un fuerte impacto emocional por ello. La manera en como se adaptan y se enfrentan a la nueva situacion influira en la evolucion fisica, psicologica y social del nino/a y, tambien, en la vida de todos los miembros de la familia. La paralisis cerebral puede ser causa de distintos grados de dependencia. Es preciso dotar a los cuidadores de los recursos personales y sociales suficientes para que la atencion de estas personas no se convierta en una tarea absorbente para el cuidador/a. La reciente aprobacion de la Ley de Dependencia constituye una oportunidad para que estas personas y sus familias satisfagan sus necesidades.
Research Note: Distinction and Integration

Who reads daily newspapers in the USA and in Germany? Despite a steady decline of newspaper reading, the sociodemographic determinants of newspaper readership have been surprisingly stable in both countries since the mid-1970s. A long-term comparative analysis of audience data suggests that newspapers serve different cultural functions: in the USA, they seem to be more and more an instrument of social distinction; in Germany they also maintain a function of social integration.
Comparison of Quetiapine and Risperidone in Treatment of Acute Psychosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized-Controlled Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Quetiapine versus Risperidone in control of acute psychotic signs and symptoms in hospitalized patients during four weeks. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, a total of 90 patients with a confirmed diagnosis acute psychosis and were hospitalized in Zare Hospital, Sari, Iran, and they were treated with Quetiapine (mean 500 mg/day) or Risperidone (mean 5.2 mg/day), in a 4 week period. The positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-s) were used to assess psychotic symptoms and severity of illness in first and the last day of the study. Results: No significant difference found between two groups in decreasing positive and negative sub-scores in the PANSS. Risperidone was superior to Quetiapine in decreasing the PANSS general psychopathology sub-scores and total score (p< 0.05). No significant difference found between two groups in decreasing CGI-s score.
Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary–neurodevelopmental theory

Abstract Two extant evolutionary models, biological sensitivity to context theory (BSCT) and differential susceptibility theory (DST), converge on the hypothesis that some individuals are more susceptible than others to both negative (risk-promoting) and positive (development-enhancing) environmental conditions. These models contrast with the currently dominant perspective on personal vulnerability and environmental risk: diathesis stress/dual risk. We review challenges to this perspective based on emerging theory and data from the evolutionary, developmental, and health sciences. These challenges signify the need for a paradigm shift in conceptualizing Person × Environment interactions in development. In this context we advance an evolutionary–neurodevelopmental theory, based on DST and BSCT, of the role of neurobiological susceptibility to the environment in regulating environmental effects on adaptation, development, and health. We then outline current thinking about neurogenomic and endophenotypic mechanisms that may underpin neurobiological susceptibility, summarize extant empirical research on differential susceptibility, and evaluate the evolutionary bases and implications of BSCT and DST. Finally, we discuss applied issues including methodological and statistical considerations in conducting differential susceptibility research; issues of ecological, cultural, and racial–ethnic variation in neurobiological susceptibility; and implications of differential susceptibility for designing social programs. We conclude that the differential susceptibility paradigm has far-reaching implications for understanding whether and how much child and adult development responds, for better and for worse, to the gamut of species-typical environmental conditions.
An annotated bibliography of non‐fictional books and curricular materials to encourage gifted females

Gifted females face a wide range of problems, including the lack of inclusion of women's accomplishments in literature, textbooks and curricular materials. This bibliography contains selected references that have been used as textbooks in mini‐courses, as enrichment exposure activities, as both role models and mentors in print and as a starting point for ordering texts and other non‐stereotypic resources for bright youngsters. The bibliography is divided into the following sections: art, awareness, biography, careers, curricular materials, history, invention, literature and math. Also included is a section of titles recently out‐of‐print, but available in libraries.
Self-expressiveness within the family context: psychometric support for a new measure

The family appears to be an important setting for learning about emotions and how to express them within a social context. Because of the need for reliable and valid measures of emotional expressiveness in the family, the Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire (SEFQ) is introduced and evaluated in four studies with 499 mothers and 362 fathers. Factor analyses indicate highly consistent patterns of loadings for a two-factor solution across the four studies. The resulting positive and negative scales are highly internally consistent and stable over time. Evidence of good convergent, discriminant, and construct validity was obtained, and a preliminary short form with good internal consistency and construct validity was also identified. Ideas for future research on marital and parent-child issues are suggested
Human Upper Body Pose Recognition Using Adaboost Template for Natural Human Robot Interaction

In this paper, we propose a novel Adaboost template to recognize human upper body poses from disparity images for natural human robot interaction (HRI). First, the upper body poses of standing persons are classified into seven categories of views. For each category, a mean template, variance template, and percentage template are generated. Then, the template region is divided into positive and negative regions, corresponding to the region of bodies and surrounding open space. A weak classifier is designed for each pixel in the template. A new EM-like Adaboost learning algorithm is designed to learn the Adaboost template. Different from existing Adaboost classifiers, we show that the Adaboost template can be used not only for recognition but also for adaptive top-down segmentation. By using Adaboost template, only a few positive samples for each category are required for learning. Comparison with conventional template matching techniques has been made. Experimental results show that significant improvements can be achieved in both cases. The method has been deployed in a social robot to estimate human attentions to the robot in real-time human robot interaction.
Collaborative false recall in the DRM procedure: Effects of group size and group pressure

Basden, Basden, Thomas, and Souphasith (1998) demonstrated that false recall in collaborative trios is enhanced when group members feel under pressure to output items. In the present study, individuals, pairs, trios, and quartets were presented with lists of words drawn from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Memory was tested under high or low group pressure conditions. It was found that false recall increased in proportion to group size regardless of group pressure, but that groups experiencing the most pressure to output items made a greater number of errors. Furthermore, on a surprise later individual recall test, participants who experienced the most pressure during collaboration retained an equivalent level of critical lures. Collectively these findings demonstrate that group pressure can increase collaborative false recall, and that these false memories can be retained beyond group testing.
Effect of Ligands to Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) 3, 7 and 9 on Mice Infected with Mouse Hepatitis Virus A59

Mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV-A59), an enveloped, positive-strand RNA Co-ronavirus, induce hepatitis, thymus involution, IgG2a-restricted hypergammaglobulinaemia, transaminase release and autoantibodies (autoAb) to liver and kidney fumarylacetoacetate hy-drolase (FAH). Since Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a central role in innate immunity, we explored the effects of TLR3, 7 and 9 stimulation on MHV mouse infection. Thus, the animals were treated with Poly (I:C), Loxoribine and CpG, the respective TLR ligands. MHV-infected mice inoculated with Poly (I:C) had significant lower levels of plasma transaminases and Ig, anti-MHV Ab, and uric acid than MHV-infected animals, whereas autoAb to kidney tissue were observed. Loxoribine only produced a slight decrease of uric acid levels and serum Ig. CpG showed deleterious effects on MHV-infected mice, since survival of animals dramatically dropped to about 10%. AutoAb to murine tissues and uric acid release were not affected, whereas transaminases and anti-MHV Ab were slightly elevated. Besides, CpG administration produced a decrease of the high levels of serum Ig induced by the virus. Therefore, results indicated that TLR3 stimulation appeared to protect the animals against the viral infection, whereas CpG aggravated its signs. Loxoribine, the TLR7 ligand, did not show major effects.
A Model of Inductive Bias Learning

A major problem in machine learning is that of inductive bias: how to choose a learner's hypothesis space so that it is large enough to contain a solution to the problem being learnt, yet small enough to ensure reliable generalization from reasonably-sized training sets. Typically such bias is supplied by hand through the skill and insights of experts. In this paper a model for automatically learning bias is investigated. The central assumption of the model is that the learner is embedded within an environment of related learning tasks. Within such an environment the learner can sample from multiple tasks, and hence it can search for a hypothesis space that contains good solutions to many of the problems in the environment. Under certain restrictions on the set of all hypothesis spaces available to the learner, we show that a hypothesis space that performs well on a sufficiently large number of training tasks will also perform well when learning novel tasks in the same environment. Explicit bounds are also derived demonstrating that learning multiple tasks within an environment of related tasks can potentially give much better generalization than learning a single task.
Football and Domestic Abuse: A Literature Review

Tackling domestic abuse is a key priority for the Scottish Government and its partners. There is evidence of a correlation between the occurrence of certain football matches in Scotland and increased reports of domestic abuse. There is, however, limited evidence that explains this link. This literature review was commissioned by the Scottish Government to examine existing evidence about the relationship between domestic abuse and football.