Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pupilsí Affective Responses in Physical Education Classes: the Association of Implicit Theories of the Nature of Ability and Achievement Goals

There is increasing evidence that the belief systems people construct have importantimplications for the way they respond emotionally to achievement events. Socialcognitive theories of motivation posit that subjective or implicit theories of the nature ofability (intelligence) interrelate with achievement goals and perceived ability ingenerating differential affective responses in achievement contexts. Specifically, achievementgoals are hypothesized to mediate the effects of implicit theories of ability onaffective responses. Previous research has examined the interrelations between implicittheories of ability and achievement goals in the sport domain. However, little is knownabout direct versus indirect effects of implicit theories of ability on affective responsesin the context of school physical education. By means of a Norwegian sample of 217ninth grade pupils the predictive value of implicit theories of ability and achievementgoals on affective responses in PE was examined. Hierarchical and moderatedregression analyses showed that, irrespective of variations in perceived competence, implicittheories of ability were direct precursors of anxiety and satisfaction in PE. Morespecifically, regardless of differences in perceived ability, endorsing a conception ofability in PE as stable and innate directly gave rise to increased levels of anxiety andreduced satisfaction in PE. Conceiving of ability as learning induced was directlyfacilitative of satisfaction in PE, only modestly mediated by a task-oriented achievementgoal. The findings give weight to implicit theories of ability as direct antecedents ofpositive and negative affective responsesin physical education.
Lecture Notes on Structural Vector Autoregressions

• Macroeconomic background – Sims (1980) – Stock and Watson (1988) • Vector Autoregressions 1. Stationarity vs. nonstationarity 2. Structural models 3. Dynamic experiments 4. Estimation – Lütkepohl (1991), chapter 2 – Hamilton (1994), chapter 11 – Sims (1980) – Cooley and LeRoy (1985) – Runkle (1987) • Cointegration and Common Trends – Johansen and Juselius (1990) – King, Plosser, Stock, and Watson (1991) – Mellander, Vredin, and Warne (1992) – Englund, Vredin, and Warne (1994) – Jacobson, Vredin, and Warne (1996) These notes will not discuss estimation and inference in structural VAR’s; the reader is instead adviced to consult the sources listed above. Rather, the main purpose is to explain terminology and concepts by focusing on a few simple examples. Some familiarity with ARIMA models is assumed.
The Incremental Validity of Honesty–Humility Over Cognitive Ability and the Big Five Personality Traits

The present study examines the incremental validity of Honesty–Humility (H-H), a measure of the tendency to be fair and genuine in dealing with others, for supervisory ratings of job performance (including both task and contextual performance) over cognitive ability and the Big Five personality traits. Specifically, we explore the incremental validity of H-H in predicting contextual performance. Results based on 217 South Korean military officer candidates are consistent with previous conclusions that Conscientiousness is the strongest predictor of contextual performance and that cognitive ability is the strongest predictor of task performance. More important, our results reveal that H-H offers moderate incremental validity for contextual performance but no incremental validity for task performance over the effects of cognitive ability and the Big Five personality traits.
From theory to therapy in aphasia: Where are we now and where to next?

Language therapy for acquired aphasia has come under much scrutiny in recent years, with debate focusing on whether or not it is effective and how best efficacy can be measured. In this paper, we argue that although the efficacy of many different therapies has been clearly documented, there remain unanswered questions. In particular, it is still difficult to predict which therapeutic task or approach will be successful at remediating which particular disorders. We argue that this is particularly true in the rehabilitation of anomia, whilst in other areas (e.g., reading) the relationship between deficit, task, and outcome is easier to interpret. We discuss in detail the reasons for these differences arguing that specificity of theoretical models, complexity of therapeutic tasks, and a lack of (reporting of) comprehensive assessment of linguistic deficits all contribute to the problem. We conclude that research needs to perform a microanalysis of the interactions between tasks and deficits.
Atrial Fibrillation as a Prognostic Indicator in Medium to Large‐Sized Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valvular Degeneration and Congestive Heart Failure

Background The prevalence and prognostic importance of atrial fibrillation (AF) on survival in nonsmall breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valvular disease (MMVD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) remain unknown. Aim To identify the prevalence of AF in nonsmall breed dogs with CHF because of MMVD and to characterize the impact of AF on survival outcome. Animal Sixty‐four client‐owned dogs (>15 kg) with MMVD and CHF. Methods Retrospective review of medical records for dogs weighing >15 kg with MMVD treated for CHF. Results Thirty‐three dogs presented with AF or developed AF during follow‐up examinations, and 31 dogs were free of AF until cardiac‐related death. For dogs with AF, median survival time (MST) was 142 days (range: 9–478) while dogs without AF lived 234 days (range: 13–879 days). AF increased risk of cardiac‐related death (HR = 2.544; 95% CI = 1.41–4.59; P = .0019) when compared to dogs without AF. MST was significantly prolonged for dogs with AF whose rates were adequately controlled (<160 bpm; 171 days; n = 13) when compared to dogs that failed to respond to negative chronotropic agents (61 days; n = 20; P = .032). The administration of combination treatment (diltiazem and digoxin) significantly decreased median HR to 144 bpm (range: 84–218 bpm) in dogs with AF and significantly prolonged MST (diltiazem+digoxin: 130 days versus diltiazem: 35 days, P = .0241) when compared to diltiazem alone. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Inadequately controlled AF is associated with a higher rate of mortality. Optimization of therapeutic strategies for the rate control of AF remains determined.
Questioning in Classrooms: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

This article reviews research on classroom questioning. Analysis focuses on three characteristics of questions: context, content, and responses and reactions by speakers. Studies originating in the process-product and sociolinguistic paradigms are discussed separately, but findings from both research traditions are interpreted from a sociolinguistic perspective. The review argues that research on questioning must acknowledge that the meaning of questions is dependent on their context in discourse, that the content of questions cannot be ignored, and that questions may reflect and sustain status differences in the classroom. Research on questioning has generally failed to recognize that classroom questions are not simply teacher behaviors but mutual constructions of teachers and students.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Oral Treatment with the Herbal Formula B401 Protects against Aging-dependent Neurodegeneration by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain of R6/2 Mice

Background: Neurodegeneration is characterized by progressive neurological deficits due to selective neuronal loss in the nervous system. Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder. Neurodegeneration in HD patients shows aging-dependent pattern. Our previous study has suggested that a herbal formula B401 may have neuroprotective effects in the brains of R6/2 mice. Objective: To clarify possible mechanisms for neurodegeneration, which improves the understanding the aging process. This study focuses on clarifying neurodegenerative mechanisms and searching potential therapeutic targets in HD patients. Methods: The oxidative stress and apoptosis were compared in the brain tissue between R6/2 HD mice with and without oral B401 treatment. Expressions of proteins for oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain tissue of R6/2 HD mice were examined by using immunostaining and Western blotting techniques. Results: R6/2 HD mice with oral B401 treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels in the blood, but markedly increased expressions of superoxide dismutase 2 in the brain tissue. Furthermore, R6/2 HD mice with oral B401 treatment significantly increased expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), but significantly reduced expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), calpain, and caspase-3 in the brain tissue. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that the herbal formula B401 can remedy for aging-dependent neurodegeneration of R6/2 mice via suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain. We suggest that the herbal formula B401 can be developed as a potential health supplement for ameliorating aging-dependent neurodegeneration.
Joint Graphical Models for Date Selection in Timeline Summarization

Automatic timeline summarization (TLS) generates precise, dated overviews over (often prolonged) events, such as wars or economic crises. One subtask of TLS selects the most important dates for an event within a certain time frame. Date selection has up to now been handled via supervised machine learning approaches that estimate the importance of each date separately, using features such as the frequency of date mentions in news corpora. This approach neglects interactions between different dates that occur due to connections between subevents. We therefore suggest a joint graphical model for date selection. Even unsupervised versions of this model perform as well as supervised state-of-theart approaches. With parameter tuning on training data, it outperforms prior supervised models by a considerable margin.
Porcine In Vivo Validation of a Virtual Contrast Model: The Influence of Contrast Agent Properties and Vessel Flow Rates

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accurately and efficiently modeling the transport of angiographic contrast currently offers the best method of verifying computational fluid dynamics simulations and, with it, progress toward the lofty goal of prediction of aneurysm treatment outcome a priori. This study specifically examines the influence of estimated flow rate and contrast properties on such in silico predictions of aneurysm contrast residence and decay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four experimental sidewall aneurysms were created in swine, with aneurysm contrast flow patterns and decay rates observed under angiography. A simplified computational fluid dynamics model of the experimental aneurysm was constructed from 3D angiography and contrast residence predicted a priori. The relative influence of a number of estimated model parameters (contrast viscosity, contrast density, and blood flow rate) on contrast residence was then investigated with further simulations. RESULTS: Contrast infiltration and washout pattern were accurately predicted by the a priori computational fluid dynamics model; however, the contrast decay rate was underestimated by ∼25%. This error was attributed to the estimated parent vessel flow rate alone, and the effects of contrast viscosity and density on the decay rate were found to be inconsequential. A linear correlation between the parent vessel flow rate and the corresponding contrast decay rate was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In experimental sidewall aneurysms, contrast fluid properties (viscosity and density) were shown to have a negligible effect on variation in the modeled contrast decay rate. A strong linear correlation was observed between parent vessel flow rate and contrast decay over a physiologically reasonable range of flow rates.
Production of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]malate from [1,4-13C2]fumarate is a marker of cell necrosis and treatment response in tumors

Dynamic nuclear polarization of 13C-labeled cell substrates has been shown to massively increase their sensitivity to detection in NMR experiments. The sensitivity gain is sufficiently large that if these polarized molecules are injected intravenously, their spatial distribution and subsequent conversion into other cell metabolites can be imaged. We have used this method to image the conversion of fumarate to malate in a murine lymphoma tumor in vivo after i.v. injection of hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate. In isolated lymphoma cells, the rate of labeled malate production was unaffected by coadministration of succinate, which competes with fumarate for transport into the cell. There was, however, a correlation with the percentage of cells that had lost plasma membrane integrity, suggesting that the production of labeled malate from fumarate is a sensitive marker of cellular necrosis. Twenty-four hours after treating implanted lymphoma tumors with etoposide, at which point there were significant levels of tumor cell necrosis, there was a 2.4-fold increase in hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]malate production compared with the untreated tumors. Therefore, the formation of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled malate from [1,4-13C2]fumarate appears to be a sensitive marker of tumor cell death in vivo and could be used to detect the early response of tumors to treatment. Given that fumarate is an endogenous molecule, this technique has the potential to be used clinically.
Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties

Introduction What Is This Book For? Direct Data Collection Observation Direct Data Collection Interviewing Students. Cognitive Learning Styles Field Independence and Field Sensitivity Personality Models The Affective Dimension Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety Biographic Background Information and Student Learning Strategies Using Information from Questionnaires and Tests and Language Aptitude Students in Context When You Need Outside Help On Your Own
สมจิตร์ ทองปิยะภูมิ , มณฑา ณ นรงค์ , นงลักษณ์ สุวลักษณ์ , สีลม แจ่มอุลิตรัตน์ ที่มา : ในประเทศไทยมีรายงานการศึกษาน้อยมากในเรื่องผลกระทบของการติดเชื้อตําแหน่งผ่าตัด ประกอบกับระบบ บริการสุขภาพ และคุณภาพการดแูลผู้ป่วยซ่ึงมีการเปล่ียนแปลงอยูต่ลอดเวลา ทําให้โรงพยาบาลตา่ง ๆ ต้องการทราบ ข้อมูลที่ทันสมัยเกี

Background: Information concerning the economic impact of surgical site infection (SSI) is very rare in Thailand. As the national health care financial system has been changing, the need for such data is critical. Objective: The purpose of this study is to estimate the extra charge and excess postoperative hospitalization attributable to SSI in six surgical operative procedures comprising appendectomy, herniorrhaphy, mastectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, and craniotomy. Material and Method: The study population consisted of patients undergoing major operations admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital from January, 1998 to December, 2003. Data were prospectively collected to identify demographic data, surgical operations, development of SSI, and outcomes of SSI. The study used one-to-one matched-pair strategy to compare case (patient with SSI) and controls (patient without SSI). The matching criteria were same final diagnosis, same operative procedure, and same American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Data were calculated for mean difference, median difference, and 95% confidence intervals (95% C.I) of hospital charge and postoperative stay. Results: The study could identify 140 matched-pairs of case and control. When compared to matched controls, cases had higher hospital charge and greater postoperative length of stay. Mean of extra hospital charge attributable to SSI was 43,658 (95% C.I; 30,228-57,088) baht and mean of excess postoperative stay was 21.3 (95% C.I; 16.6-26.0) days. Median of extra expenditure was 31,140 (95% CI; 17,327-49,081) baht and median of prolongation of postoperative stay was 14 (95% C.I, 12-18) days. Conclusion: This study supports the findings of the previous published reports that patients who have SSI incur enormous excess cost and hospital stay.
Islam and Muslims in Contemporary Ukraine: Common Backgrounds, Different Images

Abstract Islam in Ukraine has its roots in the Middle Ages and is mostly associated with the Crimean Tatars. Muslims were repressed in the Soviet period, when most of the Tatars were deported from their homeland to Central Asia. Ukrainian independence opened a new era in the development of Islam; the last two decades (1989–2009) were the formative period for Muslim religious institutions. On the basis of the most recent sources, I argue that the Ukrainian part of the Islamic umma has been influenced by various foreign religious organisations. Using all possible forms of Islamic activism, various groups (like Hizb ut-Tahrir ) have been formulating what they call an Islamic social and political position in relation to the main issues in Ukrainian society today. Their efforts have led to heated discussion among Ukrainian Muslim activists, scholars and politicians. We observe a politicisation of Islamic activism and an ideological clash between traditional institutions and newly founded Islamic communities.
The Development of Automatic and Conscious Components of Contextual Facilitation.

SIMPSON, GREG B. , and LORSBACH, THOMAS C. The Development of Automatic and Conscious Components of Contextual Facilitation. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 760-772. 2 experiments examined the processes underlying contextual facilitation effects in second, fourth, and sixth graders and adults. In the first, subjects decided whether 2 letters were identical; in the second, they read single words aloud. Stimuli were preceded by related, unrelated, or neutral context. The first experiment varied the amount of time to process the context; the second varied the proportion of stimuli preceded by a related context. In both experiments the patterns of response latencies indicate that, for the youngest children, the facilitation for stimuli presented in a related context was attributable to an automatic activation process. The use of a second component, the conscious allocation of attention, increased with age.
Disclosing Advisor's Interests Neither Hurts Nor Helps

We set up an experiment to study whether disclosure of the advisor's interests can foster truthfulness and trust. We measure how advisors expect decisionmakers to react to their advice in order to distinguish between strategic and moral reactions to disclosure by advisors. Results indicate that advisors do not expect decision makers to react drastically to disclosure. Also, advisors do not find deceiving morally more acceptable with disclosure than with no disclosure. Overall, disclosure neither hurts nor helps; deceptive advice and mistrust are equally frequent with as without disclosure.
Sampling Internet Topologies: How Small Can We Go?

In this paper, we develop methods to “sample” a large real network into a small realistic graph. Although topology modeling has received a lot of attention lately, it has not yet been completely resolved. Several methods create arguably realistic topologies from scratch. Our approach moves in the exact opposite direction. First, we observe that many real topologies are available to the networking community. However, their size makes them expensive to use in simulations as is. This brings up the following question: how can we shrink a graph, so that it still retains its essential properties? We propose an iterative sampling framework and seven different “sampling” methods. We show that some of our methods can be very effective: they reduce a graph by 70%, and maintain several topological properties within 22% of the expected value. An advantage of this method is that it can potentially maintain topological properties that we are not yet aware: all we have to is sample “fairly”. In addition, our methods are statistically robust and reliable. We find that apart from its practical applications, the problem of graph sampling is of interest in its own right.
Dealing with complexity: theory of change evaluation and the full service extended schools initiative

The full service extended schools (FSES) initiative in England sought to build the capacity of schools to deploy multiple interventions across a range of child, family, and community contexts in order to improve the lives of children and families, and to enhance the sustainability of the areas where they live. As such, it was part of wider international developments to broaden the role of schools and integrate their work with that of other child and family services. The complexity and indeterminacy of such initiatives present particular challenges to evaluators, and mean that simple input–output approaches to evaluation are inappropriate. This paper reports the use of a theory of change approach to the FSES evaluation. It argues that an approach of this kind is better able to deal with complexity. However, in practice, this approach did not simply replicate standard outcomes evaluation processes in a more context‐sensitive way. Rather, it involved fundamental shifts in what counted as valued outcomes, in a focus on potential rather than effectiveness, and in the roles of actors and evaluators. The paper concludes that, as the role of schools widens, educational evaluators will also have to rethink their roles.
FMRI activity in the medial temporal lobe during recognition memory as a function of study‐test interval

The phenomenon of temporally graded retrograde amnesia (loss of information acquired before the onset of amnesia) suggests that the hippocampus, and possibly other medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, have a time‐limited role in memory. In three experiments, we made a first attempt to use fMRI to assess activity in the hippocampal region (the CA fields of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum) and the adjacent parahippocampal gyrus (parahippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices) during recognition memory testing as a function of study‐test interval. Experiment 1 (n = 5) demonstrated activity in the hippocampal region and parahippocampal gyrus for targets relative to foils during recognition memory performance following a single study‐test delay of about one‐half hour. In Experiment 2, 15 participants studied line drawings at each of three different times prior to scanning: one‐half hour, 1 day, and 1 week. fMRI data were then collected during recognition memory testing, using targets from all three delays and foils. While an overall effect of targets vs. foils was found in both the hippocampal region and the parahippocampal gyrus, there was no effect of study‐test interval on target activity. In Experiment 3 (n = 13), behavioral performance (reaction time and accuracy) was equated across the three delays. Again, no effect of study‐test interval was observed. It is possible that the time span sampled in our study (one‐half hour to 1 week) was too short to observe changes in activity. Alternatively, activity in the MTL during memory testing may occur even when these structures are not necessary for retrieval. Hippocampus 10:329–337, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Active Multibaseline Stereo System with Real-Time Image Acquisition

We describe our four-camera multibaseline stereo system in a convergent configuration and our implementation of a parallel depth recovery scheme for this system. Our system is capable of image capture at video rate. This is critical in applications that require three-dimensional tracking. We obtain dense stereo depth data by projecting a light pattern of frequency modulated sinusoidally varying intensity onto the scene, thus increaing the local discriminability at each pixel and facilitating matches. In addition, we make most of the camera view areas by converging them at a volume of interest. Results indicate that we are able to extract stereo depth data that are, on the average, less than 1 mm in error at distances between 1.5 to 3.5 m away from the cameras.