Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of the cost of diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease in a cohort of adult haematology patients in the UK.

OBJECTIVES The direct cost of invasive fungal disease (IFD) includes antifungal drugs as well as diagnostic tests. The aim of this study was to determine these costs. METHODS A total of 203 haematology patients were enrolled into the study and followed for a median of 556 days. Data were prospectively collected on antifungal drugs, diagnostic tests, length of stay and antibiotic usage. RESULTS The overall mean (IQR) cost of care per patient (using UK-based reference costs) was £88 911 (45 339-121 594), £61 509 (39 748-78 383), £50 332 (23 037-72 057) and £34 075 (19 928-43 900) for proven/probable IFD, possible IFD, not classified and no evidence of IFD, respectively (P<0.001). The attributable cost of IFD was £54 836. Inpatient hospital stay accounted for nearly 74% of costs. In proven/probable IFD inpatient care, antifungals, antibiotics and IFD status accounted for 68%, 25%, 5% and 2%, respectively, compared with 85%, 11%, 2% and 2%, respectively, for no IFD (P<0.001). Among the allogeneic transplant patients, £36 914 (60%) of the total cost (£60 917) was used during the first 100 days. CONCLUSIONS IFD was associated with longer length of stay and higher total overall cost of care, with attributable costs greater than £50 000 per case of IFD. Costs for inpatient stay far outstrip the cost of antifungal agents.
Developmental competence of bovine oocytes selected based on follicle size and using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test

Background: Many studies reported that follicle size has an essential role in developmental potential of oocytes. Also, the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test is one of the most important criteria in selection of more competent oocytes. Objective: Selection of developmentally competent bovine oocytes. Materials and Methods: A total of 1730 bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from the ovaries by follicles isolation and classified into 3 categories according to the diameters of the follicles (small, <3 mm; medium 3-6 mm and large >6 mm). Oocytes were exposed to the BCB stain, diluted in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, modified with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 90 min. Oocytes with or without blue coloration of the cytoplasm were designated as BCB+ and BCB-, respectively. Results: The BCB+ and control oocytes originated from large and medium follicles exhibited a higher (p<0.0001) cleavage and blastocyst rate than BCB- oocytes. Furthermore, the BCB+ oocytes from large and medium follicles had the highest (p<0.0001) proportion of blastocyst than other treatment groups. In contrast, the BCB- oocytes from small follicles had the lowest (p<0.0001) proportion of blastocyst than other treatment groups. Interestingly, the percentage of the BCB+ oocytes from the large and medium ovarian follicles was significantly higher (p<0.0001), than the BCB+ oocytes from the small follicles. Conclusion: Current results confirmed that each BCB+ oocyte could not lead to perfect embryo development and the BCB test is not sufficient enough for the identification of oocytes that are competent for in vitro embryo development.
Regional Differences in Viral Growth and Central Nervous System Injury Correlate with Apoptosis

ABSTRACT Infection of neonatal mice with reovirus T3 Dearing (T3D), the prototypic neurotropic reovirus, causes fatal encephalitis associated with neuronal injury and virus-induced apoptosis throughout the brain. T3D variant K (VarK) is an antigenic variant that has a nearly 1 million-fold reduction in neurovirulence following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation compared to T3D and a restricted pattern of central nervous system injury with damage limited to the hippocampus, sparing other brain regions. We wished to determine whether the restricted pattern of VarK-induced injury was due to a reduced capacity to replicate in or injure cortical, as opposed to hippocampal, tissue. We found that following i.c. inoculation, VarK grew to similar titers as T3D in the hippocampus but had significantly lower titers in the cortex. Both viruses grew to identical titers and infected the same percentage of cells in mouse primary hippocampal cultures (MHC). In mouse primary cortical cultures (MCC) both the number of infected cells and the viral yield per infected cell were significantly lower for VarK than T3D. VarK-induced apoptosis was limited to the hippocampus in vivo, and in vitro both viruses induced apoptosis equally in MHC but VarK induced significantly less apoptosis than T3D in MCC. Growth of T3D in MCC was reduced to levels comparable to those of VarK following treatment of MCC with caspase inhibitors. Conversely, induction of apoptosis in VarK-infected MCC with fatty acid synthase-activating antibody significantly enhanced viral yield. These results suggest that the decreased neurovirulence of VarK may be due to its failure to efficiently induce apoptosis in cortical neurons.
Improving uplink LTE performance with modulation-aware iterative equalization

Equalization for uplink MIMO SC-FDMA LTE multi-stream transmission is considered utilizing modulation-aware iterative matrix inversion method. This equalizer jointly removes inter-symbol (ISI) as well as inter-stream interference. It is observed that gains over traditional frequency-domain equalization can be obtained. Additionally, receiver performance for unequal power assignments between the data streams improves as compared to equal power allocation, which is opposite to the case of linear MMSE equalization. It is shown that signal co-existence is possible with this methodology, which considerably improves the system's spectral efficiency.
In Inductive Category Learning, People Simultaneously Block and Space Their Studying Using a Strategy of Being Thorough and Fair

Learning efficiency increases when study trials are spaced apart rather than blocked together. Interleaving is a kind of spacing in which similar items are studied in a mixed order. Previous research has shown that learners typically think blocking is more effective than interleaving. We allowed learners to control how much blocking and spacing they did. In our crucial second experiment, 61 participants studied five photographs each of 10 species of penguin. They arranged the spacing between repetitions of a given species by deciding, on each trial, which species they wanted to study next. During repetition learning (where each species was represented by a single photograph presented repeatedly), participants did more spacing and less blocking than they did during inductive category learning (where every photograph of a species was different). Rather than choosing blocking or spacing, participants chose blocking and spacing: They chose the same species on consecutive trials frequently, and when they did not their choices frequently maximized spacing. The high frequency of blocked and spaced responses was offset because participants rarely chose intermediate amounts of spacing. The authors hypothesize that participants used a “thorough and fair” strategy: Instead of consciously considering blocking or spacing when they decided how to study, participants blocked because they were trying to be thorough when they studied a given species, and spaced because they were trying to be fair to all of the species by not returning to one species until they had visited all of the others. S C I E N T I F I C A B S T R A C T Studying something and then restudying it right away (blocking) is less effective than studying it and then restudying it again after a delay (spacing). Learners would do well to recognize the advantage of spacing, but they often rate it as being less effective than blocking. The authors looked at what happens when people are put in control of whether they block or space their own learning. Participants studied pictures of 5 penguins from each of 10 different species. They decided which species to study next on every trial. The results showed that participants did a lot of blocking, replicating previous research. This article was published November 8, 2018. Nate Kornell, Department of Psychology, Williams College; Kalif E. Vaughn, Department of Psychology, Northern Kentucky University. This article is part of the special section “Educational Psychology. ” The guest editor for this section is Melody Wiseheart. Thank you to Robert A. Bjork for his guidance and support. This research was supported by Scholar Award 220020371 from the James S. McDonnell
Sorafenib Induces Delayed-Onset Cutaneous Hypersensitivity: A Case Series

Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor with clinical activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma. Administration of sorafenib carries a variety of adverse cutaneous reactions. Common adverse effects induced by sorafenib include hand-foot skin reactions, facial erythema, splinter subungual hemorrhage, and alopecia. Although erythema multiforme (EM) related to sorafenib has been reported, delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are rare in patients treated with sorafenib and there has been no case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) reported so far. We recently experienced 3 cases of delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity related to administration of sorafenib. The first case was a 47-year female had targetoid erythematous rashes on her arms 12 days after starting sorafenib for HCC. The rashes spread from the arms to the trunk rapidly except for the hands and feet, and erosive lesions developed in the oral mucosa and lips. She was diagnosed as SJS. The second case was an 81-year-old male had maculopapular eruptions with multiple targetoid lesions on the trunk, arms, and legs 10 days after starting sorafenib for his HCC. There was no evidence of mucosal involvement. He was diagnosed with EM. The last one was a 20-year-old female developed generalized maculopapular eruptions in the whole body 10 days after starting sorafenib for the treatment of HCC. All 3 patients completely recovered after discontinuation of sorafenib.
25-Hydroxycholesterol acts as an amplifier of inflammatory signaling

Significance The lipid 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) is produced by immune cells in response to infection. We demonstrate that in addition to interfering with viral entry and replication, 25HC also amplifies the activation of immune cells and increases the production of immune mediators. Furthermore, we show that the presence of 25HC is actually harmful in the setting of infection with influenza because the production of these immune mediators leads to damage to the host. These observations might have particular relevance for understanding the mechanisms behind the high pathogenicity of several recently emerged influenza strains, including the H5N1 “bird flu,” and might have implications for the protection of the host from these virulent strains. Cross-talk between sterol regulatory pathways and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly impact the development of both atherosclerosis and infectious disease. The oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) plays multiple roles in lipid biosynthesis and immunity. We recently used a systems biology approach to identify 25HC as an innate immune mediator that had a predicted role in atherosclerosis and we demonstrated a role for 25HC in foam cell formation. Here, we show that this mediator also has several complex roles in the antiviral response. The host response to viruses involves gene regulatory circuits with multiple feedback loops and we show here that 25HC acts as an amplifier of inflammatory signaling in macrophages. We determined that 25HC amplifies inflammatory signaling, at least in part, by mediating the recruitment of the AP-1 components FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS) and jun proto-oncogene (JUN) to the promoters of a subset of Toll-like receptor-responsive genes. Consistent with previous reports, we found that 25HC inhibits in vitro infection of airway epithelial cells by influenza. Surprisingly, we found that deletion of Ch25h, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for 25HC production, is protective in a mouse model of influenza infection as a result of decreased inflammatory-induced pathology. Thus, our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that in addition to its direct antiviral role, 25HC also regulates transcriptional responses and acts as an amplifier of inflammation via AP-1 and that the resulting alteration in inflammatory response leads to increased tissue damage in mice following infection with influenza.
THE TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS BY TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

In experiments in which guinea pigs were infected concurrently with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis and the parasitic nematode, Trichinella spiralis, proof was obtained that trichinella larvae, after maturation in the muscles, had acquired the virus and were capable of transmitting it to new susceptible hosts. Transmission resulted both when living larvae were fed to normal guinea pigs and when triturated dead larvae were injected subcutaneously. Control experiments and other tests made plain that transmission of the virus was not due to mere adherence of it to the outer surface of the larvae but that these actually harbored it. The significance of these experiments in relation to natural transmission of the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis remains to be determined.
Organizational ethnography and religious organizations: the case of Quaker decision-making

ABSTRACT How should we study the management practices of religious organizations to do justice to their distinctive religious motivations and traditions? In this article, we articulate how a specific research approach – organizational ethnography – may enable a deeper understanding of religious and/or spiritual organizational practice. We approach our methodological research questions by engaging with the literature on the distinctive decision-making practices of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), commonly known as the Quaker business method. Having shown that the Quaker business method destabilizes a simple binary between “insider” and “outsider” and between believers and nonbelievers, we bring the theory and practice of organizational ethnography into conversation with Quaker accounts of decision-making. We conclude with pathways for future research in the space this destabilization creates.
A comparison of professional versus citizen journalistic roles: Views from visual journalists

Using a Web-based survey targeting visual professionals, this study examines their professional role conceptions along with their views on emerging visual citizen contributors’ roles. While participants’ ratings of the two groups’ roles were generally correlated within each group, no correlations resulted between the two groups with the exception of the civic roles. Further, visual professionals rated their roles as significantly more important for all five roles. When assessing views on citizen-contributed visuals, it was clear that participants evaluated them with a critical eye, expressing dislike toward citizens’ visual contributions and deeming them a threat to their livelihood.
Aggregation of Development History from Distributed Support Systems

This paper proposes a method to recommend the relevant information of the document which recorded in the development support systems such as BTS and VCS. We improve a system which we implemented in previous work with the method proposed in this paper. Our method get a document from the support systems, extract the word, then calculate the feature vector based on the TF-IDF value of each word. In the experiment, we apply the proposal method to the dataset from an open source software projects, and evaluate the recommendation accuracy between the six clustering algorithm. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed method improves the recommendation accuracy compared with the previous work.
Creating ‘international communities’ in southern Spain: Self-segregation and ‘institutional whiteness’ in Swedish lifestyle migration

This article examines intra-European relations in narratives of Swedish lifestyle migrants living permanently or part-time on the Spanish Sun Coast. It pays particular attention to the complexities of Swedish migrants’ cultural identities and patterns of self-segregation in the Spanish society by investigating the following questions: How do boundaries of social networks that Swedish lifestyle migrants participate in, or interrelate, with a sense of ‘likeness’? In what ways are the formation of these ‘international’ networks mediated through ideas of cultural similarity and parallel difference, and how do such notions both override and uphold boundaries tied to social, cultural and racial divisions? It is argued that the formation of so-called ‘international communities’ on the Spanish Sun Coast tend to cluster mainly north-western European lifestyle migrants, which calls for an analysis of ‘orientations’ towards a certain ‘likeness’, and the function of these spaces and communities as spaces of ‘institutional whiteness’ that work as a ‘meeting point’ where some bodies tend to feel comfortable as they already belong here. The social and cultural boundaries that surround these communities destabilises the idea of a common, culturally homogeneous European identity and display intra-European racial divisions mediated through discourses of cultural differences. What appears is a south–north divide built upon a deep Swedish postcolonial identification with Anglo Saxon and north-western European countries and cultures, and a parallel dis-identification with (the former colonial powers in) southern Europe.
CONCEPTUALIZING AUTHORITY OF THE LEGALIZATION OF INDONESIAN WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW

Various studies on Islamic family law (IFL) in Indonesia demonstrate an enduring paradigm of patriarchal culture both in ideas and practical applications. This is a logical consequence of the attempts to enact the traditional Islamic doctrines in modern law. The domination of this culture in the IFL, that has resulted in the discrimination against women in Indonesia, has reached the alarming level calling for revision. The reform attempts also are needed in other other derivative legal products, such as local sharia regulation. All these efforts are needed in order to ensure justice and equal rights of children and women. This paper attempts to conceptualize a construction of patriarchal authority in legalizing the rights, role, and status of gender in Indonesia. The finding reveals that reconstruction of authority in the modern legislation of Islamic Family Law should be started with ensuring the equal rights of women both in the legal and judicial aspects. This requires involving women in an appropriate proportion within the making of public policy, family law legislation. Another needed strategy is advocacy of women's rights in order to avoid legal gender bias due to the political and legislative authorities dominated by male group.
The Social Costs of Gun Ownership

This paper provides new estimates of the effect of household gun prevalence on homicide rates, and infers the marginal external cost of handgun ownership. The estimates utilize a superior proxy for gun prevalence, the percentage of suicides committed with a gun, which we validate. Using county- and state-level panels for 20 years, we estimate the elasticity of homicide with respect to gun prevalence as between +. 1 and +. 3. All of the effect of gun prevalence is on gun homicide rates. Under certain reasonable assumptions, the average annual marginal social cost of household gun ownership is in the range $100 to $600.
Blowing a whistle, how hard can it be? An exploration of practicum experiences for a pre-service health and physical education teacher with a hearing impairment

ABSTRACT Research indicates an increased enrolment of students in Australian universities who are deaf or hard of hearing. However, research relating to these students’ professional practicum experiences in schools as pre-service teachers of secondary education is limited, with no account of a deaf or hard of hearing pre-service teacher in the Health and Physical Education (HPE) learning area. This paper reports on a unique longitudinal case study of a male HPE pre-service teacher (secondary) who is deaf and enrolled in a university teacher education course in Western Australia (WA). It specifically explores the first professional practicum placement of the pre-service teacher. Data presented details the challenges and opportunities, and capacity of the pre-service teacher and teacher education institution to deliver on the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers. The paper presents considerations towards the inclusion of all pre-service teachers with additional needs and provides insights into course requirements previously undocumented in the academic literature.
The Relationship between Diabetes-Related Factors, Family Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life in Turkish Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional, convenience sampling study examined the relationship between diabetes-related factors, family functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in 100 Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The mean adolescent age was 14.65 ± 1.13 years. Quality of life was assessed using the Kiddo-KINDL generic HRQOL scale. Family functioning was assessed using the McMaster Family Assessment Device. The findings revealed that the participants had moderately high HRQOL. In terms of family functioning, general family functions subscale appeared healthy whereas affective involvement subscale appeared unhealthy. Results revealed that HbA1c was significantly negatively correlated with HRQOL. The full model of the socio-demographic, diabetes-related variables and general family functions to predict the total quality of life in children with T1DM was statistically significant. The overall multivariate model accounted for 58% of the variance of the total HRQOL. Regression analyses revealed that the levels of HbA1c and family functioning were significantly negatively related with HRQOL. The relationships between family functioning and HRQOL in adolescents with T1DM were unclear in Turkish sample. This research addressed this gap of knowledge, and provided a greater insight for practitioners working with adolescents with T1DM.
Inventory Showrooms and Customer Migration in Omni-channel Retail : The Effect of Product Information

Omni-channel environments where customers can shop online and offline at the same retailer are increasingly ubiquitous. Furthermore, the presence of both channels has important implications for customer demand and operational issues such as product returns. We propose that, given the opportunity, customers self-select into channels based on their need for visceral product information, i.e., the need to touch, feel, and sample physical products before purchasing. From this core idea, we develop a simple model of channel matching; it predicts that customers with a higher need for information prefer physical access to all products and that the introduction of an offline inventory display channel where none previously existed results in a more efficient match between customers and channels. Using data on display showroom introductions by WarbyParker.com, a leading US eyewear retailer, we find that: (1) the introduction of an offline channel increases demand overall and through the online channel as well, and (2) customers who migrate offline are those with the highest cost-to-serve both online and through other mechanisms such as product sampling. The second finding is evidenced by a decline in product returns through the online channel, and through a higher rate of conversion from sampling, and a reduction in repeated sampling by individual customers. The economic impact of more efficient matching made possible by the introduction of offline inventory display showrooms, is substantial.