Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mutations Associated with Higher Levels of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Car Nicobar Island and Assam, India

ABSTRACT To assess sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine resistance (SPR), we describe here the dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) mutations among the Plasmodium falciparum isolates in which dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations had recently been described by us (A. Ahmed, M. K. Das, V. Dev, M. A. Saifi, Wajihullah, and Y. D. Sharma, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1546-1549, 2006). A majority of isolates from Car Nicobar island showed double DHPS mutations, whereas a majority of isolates from Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Assam contained the wild-type DHPS. Based on DHFR-DHPS mutations, the expected level of SPR was lowest in U.P., higher in Assam, and highest in Car Nicobar, suggesting that a region-wise drug policy is needed in India.
Incorporation of nanodiamond into an epoxy polymer network with high thermal conductivity for electrical insulations

Electrical insulation materials with high thermal conductivity can protect equipment from heat fault and extend the working life of polymeric components. A nanodiamond/epoxy polymer network was developed based on surface modification of the nanodiamond. A simple oxidation strategy was used to modify the surface functional groups of the nanodiamond which were then mixed with epoxy resin in solution. The FTIR data provided clean evidence of the changes on the surface of the nanodiamond. The thermal conductivity of the composites increased by 36% with 20 wt% nanodiamond. The volume resistances of the composites were nearly the same as the original epoxy resin and the dielectric strengths of the composites decreased only by 9.7%. Thus, this nanodiamond/epoxy composite material with high thermal conductivity can be applied in a range of insulation applications at high temperatures.
Incrementality, Speaker-Hearer Switching and the Disambiguation Challenge

Taking so-called split utterances as our point of departure, we argue that a new perspective on the major challenge of disambiguation becomes available, given a framework in which both parsing and generation incrementally involve the same mechanisms for constructing trees reflecting interpretation (Dynamic Syntax: (Cann et al., 2005; Kempson et al., 2001)). With all dependencies, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic, defined in terms of incremental progressive tree growth, the phenomenon of speaker/hearer role-switch emerges as an immediate consequence, with the potential for clarification, acknowledgement, correction, all available incrementally at any sub-sentential point in the interpretation process. Accordingly, at all intermediate points where interpretation of an utterance subpart is not fully determined for the hearer in context, uncertainty can be resolved immediately by suitable clarification/correction/repair/extension as an exchange between interlocutors. The result is a major check on the combinatorial explosion of alternative structures and interpretations at each choice point, and the basis for a model of how interpretation in context can be established without either party having to make assumptions about what information they and their interlocutor share in resolving ambiguities.
Long-term treatment of plastic bronchitis with aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator in a Fontan patient

Objective: To report the successful treatment of plastic bronchitis with aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator. Design: Case report. Patients: A 4-yr-old boy with congenital heart disease, who developed plastic bronchitis 33 months after a Fontan operation Interventions: Long-term treatment with aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator. Measurements and Main Results: We describe the case of a boy who developed recurrent episodes of life-threatening airway obstruction secondary to plastic bronchitis. Following the failure of multiple therapeutic interventions, his condition improved significantly with aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator. Several attempts to wean him off this treatment resulted in clinical deterioration. He has remained on long-term aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator. Conclusion: Treatment of plastic bronchitis with aerosolized tissue plasminogen activator may benefit patients in whom other therapies have failed.
Max Weber's Comparative-Historical Sociology Today: Major Themes, Mode of Causal Analysis, and Applications

Contents: Introduction Part I Reconstructing Major Themes: Introduction Max Weber's types of rationality: cornerstones for the analysis of Rationalization processes in history Should the 'dynamic autonomy' of ideas matter to sociologists? Max Weber on the origin of other-worldly salvation religions and the constitution of groups in American society today The past and present influence of world views: Max Weber on a neglected sociological concept. Part II Weber's Mode of Causal Analysis: Introduction The perpetual and tight interweaving of past and present in Max Weber's sociology Macro comparisons: precautions, possibilities, achievements and limitations The theoretical framework and causal methodology. Part III Reconstructing Significant Developments from Weber's Oeuvre: the Rise and Expansion of Confucianism, the Caste System, and Monotheism: Introduction The rise and expansion of Confucianism in China The rise and expansion of the caste system in India The rise and expansion of monotheism in ancient Israel. Part IV Utilizing Weber I: the Importance of Deep Culture: Introduction: The legacies of ascetic Protestantism and American uniqueness: the political culture of the United States The cultural foundations of modern citizenship. Part V Utilizing Weber II: Multi-Causal and Contextual-Conjectural Analysis: Introduction The origin and expansion of Kulturpessimismus: the relationship between public and private spheres in early 20th-century Germany Culture and the location of work in contemporary Western Germany: a Weberian configurational and comparative analysis. Part VI Conclusion: Bringing Weber Back In: Appendices References Index.
Diaquabis[4-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzoato-kappa2O,O']cobalt(II), and the cadmium(II) and copper(II) analogues: new self-complementary hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor modules for designing hydrogen-bonded frameworks.

In the isostructural title complexes, [M(C(9)H(6)N(3)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)] [M = Co(II), (I), Cd(II), (II), and Cu(II), (III); the metal centres reside on a twofold axis in the space group C2/c for (I) and (II)], the metal centres are surrounded by four O atoms from two O,O'-bidentate carboxylate groups and by two trans-coordinated aqua ligands, forming a distorted octahedral environment. The molecules possess four hydrogen-bond donor (two aqua ligands) and four hydrogen-bond acceptor sites (two triazole groups), and aggregate by self-association, forming two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded frameworks [via O-H.N interactions; O.N = 2.749 (3)-2.872 (3) A]. The layers are parallel and are tightly packed with short interlayer distances of 4.93, 4.95 and 5.01 A for (I), (II) and (III), respectively.
Investigation of crosstalk dependencies on bending radius of heterogeneous multicore fiber

Crosstalk characteristic of heterogeneous MCF with homogeneous A<sub>eff</sub> is investigated. It is experimentally confirmed that radius around which the crosstalk peaks (R<sub>pk</sub>) of smaller than 50 mm is realizable by Δn<sub>eff</sub> of larger than 0.0010.
Properties of six short-period massive binaries: a study of the effects of binarity on surface chemical abundances

A significant fraction of massive stars are found in multiple systems. The effect of binarity on stellar evolution is poorly constrained. In particular, the role of tides and mass transfer on surface chemical abundances is not constrained observationally. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of binarity on the stellar properties and surface abundances of massive binaries. We perform a spectroscopic analysis of six Galactic massive binaries. The spectra of individual components are obtained from a spectral disentangling method and are subsequently analyzed by means of atmosphere models. The stellar parameters and CNO surface abundances are determined. Most systems are made of main-sequence stars. Three systems are detached, two are in contact and no information is available for the sixth system. For eleven out of the twelve stars studied the surface abundances are only mildly affected by stellar evolution and mixing. They are not different from those of single stars, within the uncertainties. The secondary of XZ~Cep is strongly chemically enriched. Considering previous determinations of surface abundance in massive binary systems suggests that the effect of tides on chemical mixing is limited, whereas mass transfer and removal of outer layers of the mass donor leads to the appearance of chemically processed material at the surface, although this is not systematic. The evolutionary masses of the components of our six systems are on average 16.5% higher than the dynamical masses. Some systems seem to have reached synchronization, while others may still be in a transitory phase.
Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline in Older Patients

Aims: To assess the role of type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for cognitive decline among elderly people. Methods: Analyses were carried out on data from the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a study on 5,632 subjects aged 65–84 years, with baseline in 1992 and follow-ups in 1996 and 2000. Results:At baseline, diabetic women had significantly worse scores on all cognitive tests compared to nondiabetic women, but did not show worsening over time, whereas men with diabetes did not show worse scores on cognitive tests at baseline compared to nondiabetic males; however, diabetes in men was associated with a risk of cognitive decline over time, particularly in attention. Higher levels of HbA1c were associated with poorer performance on memory tests at follow-up in both sexes. Conclusion: The impact of diabetes on cognitive status might differ in older men and women, probably because of a survival effect, with a higher mortality at a younger age among diabetic men. The metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities associated with diabetes might be responsible for the cognitive decline, at different rates and ages, in men and women. The routine assessment of diabetes complications in the elderly should include cognitive evaluation in both sexes.
The elasticity of relaxed insect fibrillar flight muscle.

The mechanical properties of glycerol‐extracted fibres from the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Lethocerus have been determined by sinusoidal and transient analysis in the time range 1 ms‐1000 s, and from rest length to 10% strain for fibres in relaxing and rigor solutions. The fibres behave reversibly up to strains of about 5%, but reach an elastic limit in the range 5‐9% strain, depending upon the rate of strain. Electron micrographs of fibres at different degrees of stretch, and after partial extraction of the contractile proteins, suggest that a connexion between the end of the A filament and the Z line, named a C filament, is responsible for the high stiffness of the relaxed muscle. Estimates are made of the compliance of the A, I and C filaments. The mechanical response of the relaxed muscle, over the entire frequency range studied, is assignable to the C filaments. An analysis of the stiffness of the fibres at different tensions in activating and relaxing solutions, and in fibres relaxed by orthovanadate, shows that the C filaments still exert their mechanical effect in the active muscle. That is, the response of the active muscle consists of the contribution from the cross‐bridges plus that of the C filaments, acting mechanically in parallel. This situation is incompatible with earlier explanations of the fully activated mechanical dynamics of fibrillar muscle. Alternative explanations at the cross‐bridge level are described in the paper that follows this one.
P‐waves from cross‐correlation of seismic noise

We present results from the cross‐correlations of seismic noise recordings among pairs of stations in the Parkfield network, California. When performed on many station pairs at short ranges, the noise correlation function (NCF) is the passive analog to a shot gather made with active sources. We demonstrate the presence of both a P‐wave and a Rayleigh wave in the NCF. A time‐frequency analysis allows us to separate the two wave packets that are further identified through their polarization. Arrival times were estimated from the NCF and they compared favorably with predictions using ray tracing in a regional velocity model and with the velocity gradient across the San Andreas Fault.
Melatonin Promotes the In Vitro Development of Microinjected Pronuclear Mouse Embryos via Its Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Effects

CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) combined with pronuclear microinjection has become the most effective method for producing transgenic animals. However, the relatively low embryo developmental rate limits its application. In the current study, it was observed that 10−7 M melatonin is considered an optimum concentration and significantly promoted the in vitro development of murine microinjected pronuclear embryos, as indicated by the increased blastocyst rate, hatching blastocyst rate and blastocyst cell number. When these blastocysts were implanted into recipient mice, the pregnancy rate and birth rate were significantly higher than those of the microinjected control, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed that melatonin treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular apoptosis during in vitro embryo development and improved the quality of the blastocysts. The implantation of quality-improved blastocysts led to elevated pregnancy and birth rates. In conclusion, the results revealed that the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities of melatonin improved the quality of microinjected pronuclear embryos and subsequently increased both the efficiency of embryo implantation and the birth rate of the pups. Therefore, the melatonin supplementation may provide a novel alternative method for generating large numbers of transgenic mice and this method can probably be used in human-assisted reproduction and genome editing.
A case of transient diabetes mellitus in connection with acute pancreatitis.

A case of diabetes mellitus which developed in a male aged 40 years in association with acute pancreatitis is reported. The patient was admitted with a blood sugar of 1028 mg%. The diabetes required treatment with insulin but the patient recovered completely after 4 1/2 months. The literature available is reviewed.
A Latent Factor Analysis of Working Memory Measures Using Large-Scale Data

Working memory (WM) is a key cognitive system that is strongly related to other cognitive domains and relevant for everyday life. However, the structure of WM is yet to be determined. A number of WM models have been put forth especially by factor analytical studies. In broad terms, these models vary by their emphasis on WM contents (e.g., visuospatial, verbal) vs. WM processes (e.g., maintenance, updating) as critical, dissociable elements. Here we conducted confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses on a broad set of WM tasks, half of them numerical-verbal and half of them visuospatial, representing four commonly used task paradigms: simple span, complex span, running memory, and n-back. The tasks were selected to allow the detection of both content-based (visuospatial, numerical-verbal) and process-based (maintenance, updating) divisions. The data were collected online which allowed the recruitment of a large and demographically diverse sample of adults (n = 711). Both factor analytical methods pointed to a clear division according to task content for all paradigms except n-back, while there was no indication for a process-based division. Besides the content-based division, confirmatory factor analyses supported a model that also included a general WM factor. The n-back tasks had the highest loadings on the general factor, suggesting that this factor reflected high-level cognitive resources such as executive functioning and fluid intelligence that are engaged with all WM tasks, and possibly even more so with the n-back. Together with earlier findings that indicate high variability of process-based WM divisions, we conclude that the most robust division of WM is along its contents (visuospatial vs. numerical-verbal), rather than along its hypothetical subprocesses.
The Multifunctional Herpes Simplex Virus IE63 Protein Interacts with Heterogeneous Ribonucleoprotein K and with Casein Kinase 2*

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the prototype α-herpesvirus, causes several prominent diseases. The HSV-1 immediate early (IE) protein IE63 (ICP27) is the only regulatory gene with a homologue in every mammalian and avian herpesvirus sequenced so far. IE63 is a multifunctional protein affecting transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes, and it can shuttle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. To identify interacting cellular proteins, a HeLa cDNA library was screened in the yeast two-hybrid system using IE63 as bait. Several interacting proteins were identified including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a multifunctional protein like IE63, and the β subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a protein kinase, and interacting regions were mapped. Confirmation of interactions was provided by fusion protein binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation from infected cells, and CK2 activity assays. hnRNP K co-immunoprecipitated from infected cells with anti-IE63 serum was a more rapidly migrating subfraction than hnRNP K immunoprecipitated by anti-hnRNP K serum. Using anti-IE63 serum, both IE63 and hnRNP K were phosphorylated in vitro by CK2, while in immunoprecipitates using anti-hnRNP K serum, IE63 but not hnRNP K was phosphorylated by CK2. These data provide important new insights into how this key viral regulatory protein exerts its functions.
Assessment of factors associated with exercise enjoyment.

Participating in regular physical activity results in many positive physical and psychological effects. Even though this is widely known, the majority of Americans do not engage in regular physical activity and many persons who start an exercise program drop out shortly thereafter. A question of central importance is "What motivates a person to adhere to an exercise program? " A collection of quantitative and qualitative studies has shown enjoyment of exercise to be an important factor in determining adherence to exercise. Despite these findings, very little research has been conducted on factors contributing to exercise enjoyment. The purpose of this study was to examine variables believed to make such a contribution. Variables were selected based upon results of past research and theory. These were: satisfaction with the music used in the exercise environment, satisfaction with the exercise instructor, and salience of exercise role-identity (EIS). Subjects for this study were 282 female volunteers from not-for-credit aerobic dance classes at 2 university activity centers. Results revealed significant positive correlations between all 3 variables and exercise enjoyment, ranging from . 34 to . 45. Stepwise regression indicated that satisfaction with music (21%) accounted for the most variance in exercise enjoyment followed by satisfaction with the instructor (8%), and finally salience of exercise role identity (4%). Follow-up analyses to examine specific components of satisfaction with music and the exercise instructor were also conducted.
Total enteral nutrition support improves body composition of patients with active Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Previous studies using indirect calorimetry in Crohn's disease have suggested that with weight loss there is a proportionally greater decrease in body fat along with a spring of lean mass. This study analyzed body composition (compared with that of controls) by direct methods in a group of 30 patients with active Crohn's disease and further evaluated the effects of nutrition support on body composition. METHODS Total body protein was assessed by neutron activation, fat was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, water was assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis, and potassium was assessed by gamma-ray technique. These measurements were repeated in patients with Crohn's disease after 3 weeks of enteral nutrition by feeding tube that provided 35 nonprotein kcal/kg of ideal body weight. RESULTS Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, patients had lost (on average) 11.3 kg (16%) of body weight (p < .0005), including 5.1 kg (30%) of fat (p < .0005), 2.2 kg (19%) of protein (p < .025), 3.7 kg (10%) of water (p = NS), and 24.9 g (21%) of total body potassium (p < .01). After enteral feeding, body weight increased by 1.9 +/- 0.3 kg (p < .0005). Weight gain was accompanied by an increase in body protein (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg), fat (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg), and water (1.1 +/- 0.4 kg) (all p < .025), and by a nonsignificant increase in total body potassium. The weight gain of approximately 2 kg consisted of 65% water, 18% fat, and 18% protein, thus comprising a normal proportion of body composition. CONCLUSIONS Reduced body weight in patients with Crohn's disease compared with that in controls was due to less fat tissue. With modest nutritional repletion, proportionate gains in all body compartments are possible.
BH3 Mimetics for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, advanced prostate cancer (PC) remains incurable. The acquired resistance of PC cells to current treatment protocols has been traced to apoptosis resistance based on the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family. The use of BH3 mimetics, mimicking pro-apoptotic activator or sensitizer proteins of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, is therefore a promising treatment strategy. The present review gives an overview of preclinical and clinical studies with pan- and specific BH3 mimetics as sensitizers for cell death and gives an outlook how they could be effectively used for the therapy of advanced PC in future.
Minds Without Meanings: An Essay on the Content of Concepts

In cognitive science, conceptual content is frequently understood as the "meaning" of a mental representation. This position raises largely empirical questions about what concepts are, what form they take in mental processes, and how they connect to the world they are about. In Minds without Meaning, Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylyshyn review some of the proposals put forward to answer these questions and find that none of them is remotely defensible. Fodor and Pylyshyn determine that all of these proposals share a commitment to a two-factor theory of conceptual content, which holds that the content of a concept consists of its sense together with its reference. Fodor and Pylyshyn argue instead that there is no conclusive case against the possibility of a theory of concepts that takes reference as their sole semantic property. Such a theory, if correct, would provide for the naturalistic account of content that cognitive science lacks -- and badly needs. Fodor and Pylyshyn offer a sketch of how this theory might be developed into an account of perceptual reference that is broadly compatible with empirical findings and with the view that the mental processes effecting perceptual reference are largely preconceptual, modular, and encapsulated.