Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-relational Learning Using Weighted Tensor Decomposition with Modular Loss

We propose a modular framework for multi-relational learning via tensor decomposition. In our learning setting, the training data contains multiple types of relationships among a set of objects, which we represent by a sparse three-mode tensor. The goal is to predict the values of the missing entries. To do so, we model each relationship as a function of a linear combination of latent factors. We learn this latent representation by computing a low-rank tensor decomposition, using quasi-Newton optimization of a weighted objective function. Sparsity in the observed data is captured by the weighted objective, leading to improved accuracy when training data is limited. Exploiting sparsity also improves efficiency, potentially up to an order of magnitude over unweighted approaches. In addition, our framework accommodates arbitrary combinations of smooth, task-specific loss functions, making it better suited for learning different types of relations. For the typical cases of real-valued functions and binary relations, we propose several loss functions and derive the associated parameter gradients. We evaluate our method on synthetic and real data, showing significant improvements in both accuracy and scalability over related factorization techniques.
Why Comply? Social Learning and European Identity Change

Why do agents comply with the norms embedded in regimes and international institutions? Scholars have proposed two competing answers to this compliance puzzle, one rationalist, the other constructivist. Rationalists emphasize coercion, cost/benefit calculations, and material incentives; constructivists stress social learning, socialization, and social norms. Both schools, however, explain important aspects of compliance. To build a bridge between them, I examine the role of argumentative persuasion and social learning. This makes explicit the theory of social choice and interaction implicit in many constructivist compliance studies, and it broadens rationalist arguments about the instrumental and noninstrumental processes through which actors comply. I argue that domestic politics—in particular, institutional and historical contexts—delimit the causal role of persuasion/social learning, thus helping both rationalists and constructivists to refine the scope of their compliance claims. To assess the plausibility of these arguments, I examine why states comply with new citizenship/membership norms promoted by European regional organizations.
Identifying the prototypical career paths of IT professionals: a sequence and cluster analysis

This study seeks to understand whether there are prototypical career paths in IT. We use sequence analysis to analyze actual work history of individuals who had held jobs in the IT profession. Our findings suggest that, contrary to the traditional view of a dual career path of IT professionals, IT professionals' careers actually follow one of three career paths: technical; managerial; or protean. We also find that individuals in the IT technical career path have significantly more IT technical experience compared to those in other career paths. We conclude this paper by discussing these results and identifying the implications for research and practice. This study makes a key contribution to the literature on IT professionals as being one of the first to analyze empirically the actual career paths of IT.
BRIDGING THE “BEECH‐GAP”: NEW ZEALAND INVERTEBRATE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY IMPLICATES PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION AND PLIOCENE ISOLATION

Abstract The existence of areas of lower endemism and disjunction of New Zealand biota is typified by Nothofagus beech trees (hence “beech‐gap”) and have been attributed to a variety of causes ranging from ancient fault‐mediated displacement (20–25 million years ago) to Pleistocene glacial extirpation (<1.8 million years ago). We used cytochrome oxidase I and 12S mtDNA sequence data from a suite of endemic invertebrates to explore phylogeographic depth and patterns in South Island, New Zealand, where the “beech‐gap” occurs. Phylogeographic structure and genetic distance data are not consistent with ancient vicariant processes as a source of observed pattern. However, we also find that phylogeographic patterns are not entirely congruent and appear to reflect disparate responses to fragmentation, which we term “gap,”“colonization,” and “regional. ” Radiations among congenerics, and in at least one instance within a species, probably took place in the Pliocene (2–7 million years ago), possibly under the influence of the onset of mountain building. This orogenic phase may have had a considerable impact on the development of the biota generally. Some of the taxa that we studied do not appear to have suffered range reduction during Pleistocene glaciation, consistent with their survival throughout that epoch in alpine habitats to which they are adapted. Other taxa have colonized the beech‐gap recently (i.e., after glaciation), whereas few among our sample retain evidence of extirpation in the most heavily glaciated zone.
Attentional Resource Allocation in Musical Ensemble Performance

Individual performers in ensembles must attend simultaneously to their own part and parts played by others. Thus, they allocate attentional resources skilfully and flexibly between different sound sources in order to (a) monitor their own part and other parts, and (b) group together elements from these parts to derive the whole ensemble texture. The theory of Attentional Resource Allocation in Musical Ensemble Performance (ARAMEP) presented here accounts for how attentional flexibility is influenced by various musical and extramusical factors. It is claimed that these factors act directly upon cognitive/motor mechanisms that regulate attentional resource allocation. Particular focus is given to the role of meter in modulating resources in a manner that is plastic and efficient, and hence conducive to optimal attentional flexibility. Specifically, metric frameworks enable the availability of resources to be varied systematically, so as to compensate for fluctuations in resource activity that arise due to variability in the concentration of events at different metric locations in the music.
Index Option Pricing Models with Stochastic Volatility and Stochastic Interest Rates

This paper specifies a multivariate stochastic volatility (SV) model for the S&P500 index and spot interest rate processes. We first estimate the multivariate SV model via the efficient method of moments (EMM) technique based on observations of underlying state variables, and then investigate the respective effects of stochastic interest rates, stochastic volatility, and asymmetric S&P500 index returns on option prices. We compute option prices using both reprojected underlying historical volatilities and the implied risk premium of stochastic volatility to gauge each model's performance through direct comparison with observed market option prices on the index. Our major empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, while allowing for stochastic volatilitycan reduce the pricing errors and allowing for asymmetric volatility or "leverage effect" does help to explain the skewness of the volatility "smile", allowing for stochastic interest rates has minimal impact on option prices in our case. Second, similar to Melino and Turnbull (1990), our empirical findings strongly suggest the existence of a non-zero risk premium for stochastic volatility of asset returns. Based on the implied volatility risk premium, the SV models can largely reduce the option pricing errors, suggesting the importance of incorporating the information from the options market in pricing options. Finally, both the model diagnostics and option pricing errors in our study suggest that the Gaussian SV model is not sufficient in modeling short-term kurtosis of asset returns, an SV model with fatter-tailed noise or jump component may have better explanatory power. JEL classification: C10, G13.
Training Needs Assessment: An ″Open‐systems″ Application

Training needs assessments (TNAs) have become a popular and valuable tool in the human resource development profession. When properly designed and administered, a TNA will provide a detailed picture of an organization′s skill, knowledge and talent base while simultaneously focusing attention to areas where training programmes are most needed or, depending on the nature of the business, required. This, in turn, permits the organization to allocate funds for training and development where they will have the greatest impact thereby providing a positive return on the firm′s investment. Focuses on an open‐systems approach to designing and administering a TNA. As such the methodologies described within examine and illustrate a systematic and applications‐oriented process by presenting independent as well as interdependent methods of datagathering and analysis as a means of identifying and addressing training needs.
Think to Move: a Neuromagnetic Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) System for Chronic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Stroke is a leading cause of long-term motor disability among adults. Present rehabilitative interventions are largely unsuccessful in improving the most severe cases of motor impairment, particularly in relation to hand function. Here we tested the hypothesis that patients experiencing hand plegia as a result of a single, unilateral subcortical, cortical or mixed stroke occurring at least 1 year previously, could be trained to operate a mechanical hand orthosis through a brain-computer interface (BCI). Methods— Eight patients with chronic hand plegia resulting from stroke (residual finger extension function rated on the Medical Research Council scale=0/5) were recruited from the Stroke Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Human Cortical Physiology Section of the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (n=5) and the Clinic of Neurology of the University of Tübingen (n=3). Diagnostic MRIs revealed single, unilateral subcortical, cortical or mixed lesions in all patients. A magnetoencephalography-based BCI system was used for this study. Patients participated in between 13 to 22 training sessions geared to volitionally modulate &mgr; rhythm amplitude originating in sensorimotor areas of the cortex, which in turn raised or lowered a screen cursor in the direction of a target displayed on the screen through the BCI interface. Performance feedback was provided visually in real-time. Successful trials (in which the cursor made contact with the target) resulted in opening/closing of an orthosis attached to the paralyzed hand. Results— Training resulted in successful BCI control in 6 of 8 patients. This control was associated with increased range and specificity of &mgr; rhythm modulation as recorded from sensors overlying central ipsilesional (4 patients) or contralesional (2 patients) regions of the array. Clinical scales used to rate hand function showed no significant improvement after training. Conclusions— These results suggest that volitional control of neuromagnetic activity features recorded over central scalp regions can be achieved with BCI training after stroke, and used to control grasping actions through a mechanical hand orthosis.
Effect of methotrexate on deoxyribonucleotide pools and DNA synthesis in human lymphocytic cells.

Summary When added to cultures of human lymphocytic cells (subline CCRF-CEM), methotrexate produced a rapid decrease in intracellular pools of deoxythymidine triphosphate and deoxycytidine triphosphate, an initial increase in the deoxyadenosine triphosphate pool, and no change in the deoxyguanosine triphosphate pool. After 3 hr of incubation, all four deoxyribonucleotide pools were greatly reduced. Addition of adenosine and methotrexate together resulted in a rapid three-fold increase in the size of the deoxyadenosine triphosphate pool, which lasted through 9 hr of incubation. The pools of deoxyguanosine triphosphate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, and deoxythymidine triphosphate in these cells were decreased, as in cells incubated with methotrexate alone. Methotrexate inhibited RNA synthesis, but this inhibition was completely prevented by the addition of adenosine. The loss of deoxyadenosine triphosphate corresponded with the inhibition of RNA synthesis by methotrexate, indicating a reduction of purine ribonucleotide concentrations, which serve as precursors for deoxyribonucleotides and RNA. These results show that methotrexate produces a purineless and thymineless state in CCRF-CEM cells, in support of the concent that an action of this antimetabolite involves depletion of tetrahydrofolates by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. The kinetics of incorporation of tritiated deoxycytidine into acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions of methotrexate-treated and untreated cells was also studied. In untreated cells, about 97% of the intracellular soluble radioactivity was associated with deoxycytidine nucleotides, mainly deoxycytidine triphosphate and deoxycytidine monophosphate. In methotrexate-treated cells, however, 83 to 97% of this radioactivity was associated with deoxyuridine monophosphate. These experiments indicate that the presence of methotrexate in CCRF-CEM cells leads to a marked increase in deamination of deoxycytidine nucleotides, which probably accounts for the depletion of deoxycytidine triphosphate in these cells. Incorporation of tritiated deoxycytidine into DNA was rapidly decreased by methotrexate but continued at a low rate for at least 9 hr after addition of the drug.
Values in educational administration: Them's fighting words!

This article critically surveys scholarly themes relating to the study of values in educational administration and their implications for administrative practice. It is suggested that values perspectives for school leaders emerged largely in response to the determinism of the Theory Movement, particularly the emphases on individuals as the primary analytic unit for values inquiry and the general biases toward one form or another of value relativism. Much of the discussion focuses on the highly influential work of Christopher Hodgkinson and possible conceptual and practical difficulties that may arise in adopting his well‐known analytic model of the value concept. The article concludes by promoting a more modernized understanding of the role of values in administrative inquiry and practice, and offers suggestions which may direct future research efforts to better address substantive conceptual problems presently found in the related literature.
An investigation of factors involved when educational psychologists supervise other professionals

Inter-professional supervision combines the social processes of supervision and multi-agency working: both complex and often poorly understood processes. This paper discusses the first author’s research of inter-professional supervision, involving an educational psychologist (EP) supervising another professional and complements the recently published guidelines on professional supervision produced by the Division of Educational and Child Psychology (DECP). The research involved 10 semi-structured interviews with six EPs (supervisors) and four other professionals (supervisees) recruited through purposive sampling. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Research findings suggested that inter-professional supervision was viewed positively. However, participants had a patchy experience of the contracting aspects of supervision and some talked of conflicting conceptualisations of supervision placing a strain on the supervisory relationship. Conclusions reflect the need to view supervision as a process enacted within multiple contexts which impact upon supervision in important ways.
Conserved Functional Motifs and Homology Modeling to Predict Hidden Moonlighting Functional Sites

Moonlighting functional centers within proteins can provide them with hitherto unrecognized functions. Here, we review how hidden moonlighting functional centers, which we define as binding sites that have catalytic activity or regulate protein function in a novel manner, can be identified using targeted bioinformatic searches. Functional motifs used in such searches include amino acid residues that are conserved across species and many of which have been assigned functional roles based on experimental evidence. Molecules that were identified in this manner seeking cyclic mononucleotide cyclases in plants are used as examples. The strength of this computational approach is enhanced when good homology models can be developed to test the functionality of the predicted centers in silico, which, in turn, increases confidence in the ability of the identified candidates to perform the predicted functions. Computational characterization of moonlighting functional centers is not diagnostic for catalysis but serves as a rapid screening method, and highlights testable targets from a potentially large pool of candidates for subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments required to confirm the functionality of the predicted moonlighting centers.
Infiltrating mononuclear cells in human breast carcinoma: Predominance of T4+ monocytic cells in the tumor stroma

Frozen sections of 52 breast carcinomas were examined for the presence and nature of a leukocytic infiltrate. The number of “common leukocyte (T200‐) antigen”‐bearing cells was remarkably high in the stromal compartment of the carcinomas, whereas the tumor foci themselves were usually infiltrated only sparsely. Approximately 80% of these T200+ stromal cells carried the myelomonocyte lineage‐associated antigens M‐M522 and 63D3 and exhibited “non‐specific esterase” activity. More than 2/3 of the stromal monocytic cells expressed the T4 antigen as verified by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against different T4‐associated epitopes. A T‐cell analysis showed that T4+ cells clearly outweighed the total number of T cells as defined by anti‐T3 and anti‐TII antibodies. In addition, a correlation became apparent between the HLA‐DR phenotype and the T lymphocyte content of tumor cell areas in the sense that densely infiltrated tumor areas were invariably HLA‐DR+.
Linking Integration and Housing Career: A Longitudinal Analysis of Immigrant Groups in Sweden

This study investigates the extent to which immigrant groups are integrated in the Stockholm region through an analysis of their housing careers. Housing conditions are linked to many important life course events, as well as to the resources and preferences of each individual family. Housing conditions influence integration, but factors related to integration can also be a cause of housing conditions. In the study, we take a truly longitudinal approach to housing careers by exploring differences in the timing of career-related events between several immigrant groups and native Swedes. The objective of the study is to explore whether the housing careers of immigrant groups follow family and work careers in a similar way as the native population. The data are derived from a longitudinal individual-level register-based data-set maintained by Statistics Sweden. The analysis is carried out by way of survival analysis. Our results confirm that there are substantial ethnic differences in housing careers that cannot be attributed to family composition or career. Our results also highlight three important factors that reduce the differences between native Swedes and immigrants groups in the tendency to enter homeownership: university degree, type of municipality and duration of stay in Sweden.
Somatostatin Analogue Mimics Acute Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction

We tested the hypothesis that octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, can mimic ischemic preconditioning (PC) to provide cardioprotection against myocardial infarction. An ischemia-reperfusion model of adult Wistar rats was used. Infarct size was expressed as a percentage of the area at risk under different treatment protocols. Octreotide PC (35 μg/Kg 20 minutes before ischemia-reperfusion) significantly decreased infarct size (18 ± 4%) versus control (60 ± 7%). The somatostatin receptor antagonist cyclo-somatostatin (0.5 mg/Kg) could blunt the above cardioprotection. Administration of either chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor, 2 mg/Kg) or genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 5 mg/Kg) could also block octreotide PC (54 ± 7% and 58 ± 6%, respectively). Pretreatment with the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD) and the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist glibenclamide could abolish the effects of octreotide PC (54 ± 6% and 52 ± 6%). Chelerythrine, however, had no effect on octreotide PC. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that octreotide can mimic ischemic PC to reduce infarct size. Acute effects of octreotide PC involve the activation of protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase C, and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels, but not systemic IGF-I activation.
Relations between Mother-child Talk and 3- to 5 Year-Old Children's Understanding of Belief: Beyond Mental State Terms to Talk about the Mind

In relating parent-child conversation to children's social cognitive development, we examined how mother-child dyads talked about the psychological world. Seventy mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old children made up a story about a series of pictures depicting a sequence of events involving a false belief. Mother-child talk was coded for the use of mental state terms as well as talk about important aspects of the depicted events. The children were given 2 false belief tasks. When age was controlled, mental state term use was associated with children's false-belief understanding. However, when mental state terms and talk about the aspects of the false-belief component of the story were both taken into account, only talk about the false-belief section of the story accounted for significant additional variance in children's false-belief understanding. We suggest that these results encourage a broader view of talk about the psychological world beyond an exclusive focus on the use of mental state terms.
Interference shaping for Device-to-Device communication in cellular networks

Device-to-Device communication as underlay to cellular networks is likely to be incorporated into future communication systems to improve resource efficiency and meet the growing demand for high data rates. In this contribution we consider the uplink of a cellular network that is interfered by a Device-to-Device communication link operating on the same wireless resource. To coordinate interference we devise a new approach for the design of interference covariance shapes for the Device-to-Device link that are superior to state-of-the-art interference temperature constraints in terms of achievable rate regions. The transmit strategies of Device-to-Device and cellular uplink can be determined by solving convex optimization problems.