Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlling the nucleation and growth of silver on palladium nanocubes by manipulating the reaction kinetics.

NSF (DMR) [0804088, 1104616]; Washington University in St. Louis; World Class University (WCU) through the National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R32-20031]; NSF [ECS-0335765]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
Gravitational self-force and gauge transformations

We explore how the gravitational self-force ~or ‘‘radiation reaction’’ force ! , acting on a pointlike test particle in curved spacetime, is modified in a gauge transformation. We derive the general transformation law, describing the change in the self-force in terms of the infinitesimal displacement vector associated with the gauge transformation. Based on this transformation law, we extend the regularization prescription by Mino et al. and Quinn and Wald ~originally formulated within the harmonic gauge! to an arbitrary gauge. Then we extend the method of mode-sum regularization ~which provides a practical means for calculating the regularized self-force and was recently applied to the harmonic-gauge gravitational self-force! to an arbitrary gauge. We find that the regularization parameters involved in this method are gauge-independent. We also explore the gauge transformation of the self-force from the harmonic gauge to the Regge-Wheeler gauge and to the radiation gauge, focusing attention on the regularity of these gauge transformations. We conclude that the transformation of the self-force to the Regge-Wheeler gauge in Schwarzschild spacetime is regular for radial orbits and irregular otherwise, whereas the transformation to the radiation gauge is irregular for all orbits.
The Role of Trust in Organizational Settings

Numerous researchers from various disciplines seem to agree that trust has a number of important benefits for organizations, although they have not necessarily come to agreement on how these benefits occur. In this article, we explore two fundamentally different models that describe how trust might have positive effects on attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, and performance outcomes within organizational settings. In the first section of the article, we examine the model that has dominated the literature: Trust results in direct (main) effects on a variety of outcomes. In the second section of the article we develop an alternative model: Trust facilitates or hinders (i.e., moderates) the effects of other determinants on attitudinal, perceptual, behavioral and performance outcomes via two distinct perceptual processes. Lastly, we discuss the conditions under which each of the models is most likely to be applicable. The theory is supplemented with a review of empirical studies spanning 40 years regarding the consequences of trust in organizational settings. The theoretical framework presented in this article provides insight into the processes through which trust affects organizational outcomes, provides guidance to researchers for more accurately assessing the impact of trust, provides a framework for better understanding past research on the consequences of trust, and suggests ways that organizational settings can be modified to capitalize on high levels of trust or mitigate the effects of low levels of trust.
Structure—Activity Relationships Among N‐Arachidonylethanolamine (Anandamide) Head Group Analogues for the Anandamide Transporter

Abstract: Two putative endocannabinoids, N‐arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) and 2‐arachidonylglycerol, are inactivated by removal from the extracellular environment by a process that has the features of protein‐mediated facilitated diffusion. We have synthesized and studied 22 N‐linked analogues of arachidonylamide for the purpose of increasing our understanding of the structural requirements for the binding of ligands to the AEA transporter. We have also determined the affinities of these analogues for both the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We have identified several structural features that enhance binding to the AEA transporter in cerebellar granule cells. We have confirmed the findings of others that replacing the ethanolamine head group with 4‐hydroxybenzyl results in a high‐affinity ligand for the transporter. However, we find that the same molecule is also a competitive inhibitor of FAAH. Similarly, replacement of the ethanolamine of AEA with 3‐pyridinyl also results in a high‐affinity inhibitor of both the transporter and FAAH. We conclude that the structural requirements for ligand binding to the CB1 receptor and binding to the transporter are very different; however, the transporter and FAAH share most, but not all, structural requirements.
Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Sepsis Study, from the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care.

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis and septic shock represent up to 30% of admitted patients in paediatric intensive care units (PICU), with a mortality that can exceed 10%. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic factors for mortality in sepsis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicenter prospective descriptive study with patients (aged 7 days to 18 years) admitted to the PICU for sepsis, between January 2011 and April 2012. RESULTS: Data from 136 patients were collected. Eighty-seven were male (63.9%). The median age was a year and a half (P25-75 0.3-5.5 years). In 41 cases (30.1%) there were underlying diseases. The most common aetiology was N. meningitidis (31 cases, 22.8%) followed by S. pneumoniae (16 patients, 11.8%). Seventeen cases were fatal (12.5%). In the statistical analysis, the factors associated with mortality were nosocomial infection (p = 0.004), hypotension (p <0.001), and heart and kidney failure (p <0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets on admission were statistically lower in the group that died (p of 0.006, 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple organ failure, neutropenia, purpura or coagulopathy, and nosocomial infection were independent risk factors for increased mortality (OR 17, 4.9, 9, 9.2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with sepsis and multiorgan failure, especially those with nosocomial infection or the presence of neutropenia or purpura, have a worse prognosis and should be monitored and treated early.
Simon-Like and Functional Affordance Effects with Tools: The Effects of Object Perceptual Discrimination and Object Action State

In the present study two separate stimulus–response compatibility effects (functional affordance and Simon-like effects) were investigated with centrally presented pictures of an object tool (a torch) characterized by a structural separation between the graspable portion and the goal-directed portion. In Experiment 1, participants were required to decide whether the torch was red or blue, while in Experiment 2 they were required to decide whether the torch was upright or inverted. Our results showed that with the same stimulus two types of compatibility effect emerged: one based on the direction signalled by the goal-directed portion of the tool (a Simon-like effect as observed in Experiment 1), and the other based on the actions associated with an object (a functional affordance effect as observed in Experiment 2). Both effects emerged independently of the person's intention to act on the stimulus, but depended on the stimulus properties that were processed in order to perform the task.
Lnk inhibits myeloproliferative disorder‐associated JAK2 mutant, JAK2V617F

The JAK2 mutation JAK2V617F is found frequently in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and transforms hematopoietic cells to cytokine‐independent proliferation when expressed with specific cytokine receptors. The Src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain‐containing adaptor protein Lnk (SH2B3) is a negative regulator of hematopoietic cytokine signaling. Here, we show that Lnk is a potent inhibitor of JAK2V617F constitutive activity. Lnk down‐regulates JAK2V617F‐mediated signaling and transformation in hematopoietic Ba/F3‐erythropoietin receptor cells. Furthermore, in CFU assays, Lnk‐deficient murine bone marrow cells are significantly more sensitive to transformation by JAK2V617F than wild‐type (WT) cells. Lnk, through its SH2 and PH domains, interacts with WT and mutant JAK2 and is phosphorylated by constitutively activated JAK2V617F. Finally, we found that Lnk levels are high in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from MPD patients and that Lnk expression is induced following JAK2 activation. Our data suggest that JAK2V617F is susceptible to endogenous negative‐feedback regulation, providing new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MPD.
Validation of a Seven-Factor Structure for the Motives for Playing Drinking Games Measure

Playing drinking games can be characterized as a high-risk drinking activity because games are typically designed to promote heavy alcohol consumption. While research suggests that young adults are motivated to play drinking games for a variety of reasons (e.g., for thrills/fun, for the competition), the Motives for Playing Drinking Games measure has received limited empirical attention. We examined the psychometric properties of this measure with a confirmation sample of young adults recruited from Amazon’s MTurk (N = 1,809, ages 18-25 years, 47% men; 41% not currently enrolled in college) and a validation sample of college students (N = 671; ages 18-23 years; 26% men). Contrary to the 8-factor model obtained by Johnson and Sheets in a study published in 2004, examination of the factor structure with our confirmation sample yielded a revised 7-factor model that was invariant across race/ethnicity and college student status. This model was also validated with the college student sample. In the confirmation sample, enhancement/thrills and sexual pursuit motives for playing drinking games were positively associated with gaming frequency/consumption and negative gaming consequences. Furthermore, conformity motives for playing drinking games were positively associated with negative gaming consequences, while competition motives were positively associated with gaming frequency. These findings have significant implications for research and prevention/intervention efforts.
Anonymization by Local Recoding in Data with Attribute Hierarchical Taxonomies

Individual privacy will be at risk if a published data set is not properly deidentified. k-anonymity is a major technique to de-identify a data set. Among a number of k-anonymization schemes, local recoding methods are promising for minimizing the distortion of a k-anonymity view. This paper addresses two major issues in local recoding k-anonymization in attribute hierarchical taxonomies. First, we define a proper distance metric to achieve local recoding generalization with small distortion. Second, we propose a means to control the inconsistency of attribute domains in a generalized view by local recoding. We show experimentally that our proposed local recoding method based on the proposed distance metric produces higher quality k-anonymity tables in three quality measures than a global recoding anonymization method, Incognito, and a multidimensional recoding anonymization method, Multi. The proposed inconsistency handling method is able to balance distortion and consistency of a generalized view.
The effect of dabigatran on haemostasis tests: a comprehensive assessment using in vitro and ex vivo samples

Summary The new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACS) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban provide alternatives to warfarin for treatment and prevention of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolic disease in various settings. These have been developed as not requiring laboratory monitoring; however, under certain clinical situations, including recent haemorrhage/thrombosis, emergency surgical procedures, testing may be indicated. The aim of this study was to assess findings of haemostasis laboratory tests for one of the DOACs, dabigatran (Pradaxa), tested across a wide range of laboratory assays. Laboratories (n = 72) enrolled in the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs (RCPAQAP) Haematology program were sent set(s) of seven dabigatran spiked plasma samples covering the concentration 0–800 ng/mL. Also, 30 ex vivo patient samples under therapy with dabigatran were assessed. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time assays showed some sensitivity to dabigatran; however, a normal result could not inform on drug exclusion. The thrombin time (TT) was very sensitive to dabigatran, and a normal TT could generally be used for drug exclusion. More specialised assays such as the Hemoclot, a direct thrombin inhibition assay, and in-house dilute TT methods, showed good reproducibility and concordance with expected drug levels assessed by mass spectrometry and were effective to quantify drug levels. Dabigatran also affected factor assays, lupus anticoagulant and factor inhibitor measurement, leading to potential misinterpretation of test results. Ex vivo sample testing provided similar and extended information. Dabigatran affects many haemostasis tests. Some can be used to predict the presence, absence or quantity of dabigatran in patient plasma. For others, interference may lead to false conclusions regarding patients’ haemostatic status.
Identification of Serum Metabolites Associated With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Using a Targeted Metabolomic Approach

Metabolomic discovery of biomarkers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk may reveal etiological pathways and help to identify individuals at risk for disease. We prospectively investigated the association between serum metabolites measured by targeted metabolomics and risk of T2D in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam (27,548 adults) among all incident cases of T2D (n = 800, mean follow-up 7 years) and a randomly drawn subcohort (n = 2,282). Flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify 163 metabolites, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, hexose, and phospholipids, in baseline serum samples. Serum hexose; phenylalanine; and diacyl-phosphatidylcholines C32:1, C36:1, C38:3, and C40:5 were independently associated with increased risk of T2D and serum glycine; sphingomyelin C16:1; acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines C34:3, C40:6, C42:5, C44:4, and C44:5; and lysophosphatidylcholine C18:2 with decreased risk. Variance of the metabolites was largely explained by two metabolite factors with opposing risk associations (factor 1 relative risk in extreme quintiles 0.31 [95% CI 0.21–0.44], factor 2 3.82 [2.64–5.52]). The metabolites significantly improved T2D prediction compared with established risk factors. They were further linked to insulin sensitivity and secretion in the Tübingen Family study and were partly replicated in the independent KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) cohort. The data indicate that metabolic alterations, including sugar metabolites, amino acids, and choline-containing phospholipids, are associated early on with a higher risk of T2D.
Results after Cementless Medial Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement - Incidence of Radiolucent Lines

Purpose Tibial radiolucent lines (RL) are commonly seen in cemented unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). In the postoperative course, they can be misinterpreted as signs of loosening, thus leading to unnecessary revision. Since 2004, a cementless OUKR is available. First studies and registry data have shown equally good clinical results of cementless OUKR compared to the cemented version and a significantly reduced incidence of RL in cementless implants. Methods This single-centre retrospective cohort study includes the first 30 UKR (27 patients) implanted between 2007 and 2009 with a mean follow-up of 5 years. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the OKS, AKS, range of movement (ROM) and level of pain (VAS). Standard radiologic evaluation was performed at three months, one and five years after surgery. The results five years after implantation were compared to a group of 27 cemented Oxford UKR (OUKR) in a matched-pair-analysis. Results Tibial RL were seen in 10 implants three months after operation, which significantly decreased to five after one year and to three after five years (p = 0.02). RL did not have a significant influence on revision (p = 1.0) or clinical outcome after five years. RL were always partial, never progressive and strictly limited to the tibia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of tibial RL five years after implantation between cemented and cementless implants (cemented: 4, cementless: 3, p = 1.0). Conclusions After cementless implantation RL were limited to the tibia, partial and never progressive. During short term follow-up the incidence of RL decreased significantly. RL seem to have no influence on clinical outcome and revision.
Influence of tissue resistivities on neuromagnetic fields and electric potentials studied with a finite element model of the head

Modeling in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) requires knowledge of the in vivo tissue resistivities of the head. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of tissue resistivity changes on the neuromagnetic field and the electric scalp potential. A high-resolution finite element method (FEM) model (452162 elements, 2-mm resolution) of the human head with 13 different tissue types is employed for this purpose. Our main finding was that the magnetic fields are sensitive to changes in the tissue resistivity in the vicinity of the source. In comparison, the electric surface potentials are sensitive to changes in the tissue resistivity in the vicinity of the source and in the vicinity of the position of the electrodes. The magnitude (strength) of magnetic fields and electric surface potentials is strongly influenced by tissue resistivity changes, while the topography is not as strongly influenced. Therefore, an accurate modeling of magnetic field and electric potential strength requires accurate knowledge of tissue resistivities, while for source localization procedures this knowledge might not be a necessity.
External Validation of a Prediction Model for Successful External Cephalic Version

Abstract We sought external validation of a prediction model for the probability of a successful external cephalic version (ECV). We evaluated the performance of the prediction model with calibration and discrimination. For clinical practice, we developed a score chart to calculate the probability of a successful ECV. We studied 320 women undergoing ECV, of which 117 (37%) were successful. The model underestimated the success rate by 4 to 14%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was moderate (0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.72), but the model was able to make good distinction between women with a higher predicted probability of a successful ECV (more than 50%) compared with women with a lower predicted probability of a successful ECV (less than 20%). Our model to predict the outcome of ECV holds in external validation. It can be used to support patient counseling and decision making for ECV in singleton term breech presentations.
Panalyst: Privacy-Aware Remote Error Analysis on Commodity Software

Remote error analysis aims at timely detection and remedy of software vulnerabilities through analyzing run-time errors that occur on the client. This objective can only be achieved by offering users effective protection of their private information and minimizing the performance impact of the analysis on their systems without undermining the amount of information the server can access for understanding errors. To this end, we propose in the paper a new technique for privacy-aware remote analysis, called Panalyst. Panalyst includes a client component and a server component. Once a runtime exception happens to an application, Panalyst client sends the server an initial error report that includes only public information regarding the error, such as the length of the packet that triggers the exception. Using an input built from the report, Panalyst server performs a taint analysis and symbolic execution on the application, and adjusts the input by querying the client about the information upon which the execution of the application depends. The client agrees to answer only when the reply does not give away too much user information. In this way, an input that reproduces the error can be gradually built on the server under the client's consent. Our experimental study of this technique demonstrates that it exposes a very small amount of user information, introduces negligible overheads to the client and enables the server to effectively analyze an error.
Effect of different sequential and two‐step culture systems on the development, quality, and RNA expression profile of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro

In the present study, we examined the effect of two‐step and sequential culture systems on the development, quality, and gene expression profile of bovine embryos generated by in vitro fertilization. Presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated to four culture treatments: (1) KSOM + 0.4% BSA for 3 days, and then KSOM + 5% FBS to day 7 (K‐K/FBS); (2) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 3 days, and then SOF + 5% FBS to day 7 (K‐S/FBS); (3) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 3 days, and then SOF + 0.8% BSA to day 7 (K‐S/BSA); and (4) KSOM + 0.4% BSA for 3 days, and then KSOM + 0.8% BSA to day 7 (K‐K/BSA). Culture medium had no effect on cleavage rate. However, a significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed with the two‐step culture systems, yielding higher rate of blastocysts (37 and 32% for K‐K/FBS and K‐K/BSA, respectively) compared to sequential culture systems (26 and 28% for K‐S/FBS and K‐S/BSA, respectively). Embryos cultured in sequential K‐S/FBS developed slowly, had a lower hatching rate, fewer cells, and a higher apoptosis rate compared to other treatments. Gene expression analysis showed alterations of DNMT1, OCT‐4, and SOD2 in embryos cultured in sequential K‐S/FBS and SOD1 in embryos cultured in two‐step K‐K/BSA. In conclusion, in vitro culture systems may have an impact not just in the developmental potential and quality of the generated embryos but also in the gene expression profile, which suggests that changes in the culture medium composition can modulate global gene expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:403–414, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of lifestyle on the course of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that requires insulin treatment from the time of diagnosis. Its clinical course depends on both genetic and environmental factors, and the lifestyle of a patient modulates their interaction. The evidence about the influence of lifestyle on the course of T1DM is increasing. In this paper, we present evidence on the relationship between lifestyle parameters and diabetes-related outcomes. We discuss the most commonly addressed factors associated with lifestyle, such as physical activity, nutrition and smoking, and those with sparse evidence in T1DM, such as socioeconomic status, sleep duration, psychological stress and illicit drugs intake.