Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relação entre variáveis psicossociais familiares e desempenho em leitura/escrita em crianças

In this article we analyze the relationship between family psychosocial factors and the reading and writing performance in children. We conducted a comparative study through a semi-structured interview with 29 families of two groups of second grade students from elementary education. After the neuropsychological assessment, the students were characterized like either having trouble reading and writing or being effi cient readers and writers. The statistic analysis highlighted the signifi cant association between the group with troubles in reading and writing and the variables, like the presence of their own family transportation, the family’s perception on the child’s trouble learning to read, as well as his/her diffi culty in reading performance, the children’s higher index of repeating the school year and the family’s history of diffi culties in reading. The results obtained showed the importance of analyzing family psychosocial factors in order to understand the complex process of developing children’s reading and writing skills.
One Hundred Referrals to an Eating Disorders Service: Progress and Service Consumption Over a 2–4 Year Period

The progress and service consumption of a cohort of 100 referrals to an Eating Disorders Service over a 2–4 year period are examined. The median duration of contact was 9 months, but there was wide variation in service consumption. About half of all patients eventually dropped out of contact, including one-third who did not engage in treatment, but at the other extreme 7 per cent were still in contact after 4 years. Amongst those we succeeded in following up, three-quarters of patients felt subjectively improved and there was a reduction from 62 per cent to 33 per cent in those meeting criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Approximately two-thirds of those with anorexia nervosa and half of those with bulimia nervosa no longer met criteria for the full syndromes. The implications of the findings for those running or planning to run specialist eating disorders services are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Eating Disorders Association.
Anatomic Variations of the Arteries of the Nasal Fossa

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed for knowledge about the vascular supply of the nasal fossa and a description of the site of division and number of branches of the sphenopalatine artery. STUDY DESIGN: This study was performed on 10 fresh nonembalmed cadavers. Anatomic variations of nasal fossa arteries were studied. METHODS: First, 10 cephalic anatomic preparations were injected with red color latex into the right and left carotid arteries. Then, these specimens were sagittally cut to dissect the sphenopalatine artery. Twenty vascularization cases were studied for the external branch of the sphenopalatine artery, and 10 cases were studied for the internal branch. RESULTS: The principal observations were: 1, the sphenopalatine artery division is 18 times in the infratemporal fossa and twice in the nasal fossa; 2, the nasopalatine artery supplies blood to the lower part of the septum and its anterosuperior area; and 3, the vascularization of the external wall is via the sphenopalatine artery through the arteries of the meatus and conchae. CONCLUSION: This study defines the vascular territories of the nasal fossa arteries and includes photographs of dissections.
Tensile Strength of Cementing Agents on the CeraOne System of Dental Prosthesis on Implants

Purpose:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tensile strength of titanium cylinders cemented on stainless steel abutment mock-ups by the Cerazone system. Methods and Materials:Four types of cements were used: glass ionomer, Fuji I (GC); zinc phosphate, Cimento LS (Vigodent); zinc oxide without eugenol, Rely × Temp NE (3M ESPE); and resin cement, Rely × ARC (3M ESPE). Four experimental groups were formed, each composed of 5 test specimens. Each test specimen consisted of a set of 1 cylinder and 1 stainless steel abutment mock-up. All cements tested were manipulated in accordance with manufacturers' instructions. A static load of 5 Newtons (N) for 2 minutes was used to standardize the procedure. The tensile tests were performed by a mechanical universal testing machine (EMIC DL500MF) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results:The highest bonding values resulting from the experiment were obtained by Cimento LS (21.86 MPa mean), followed by the resin cement Rely × ARC (12.95 MPa mean), Fuji I (6.89 MPa mean), and Rely × Temp NE (4.71 MPa mean). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Student's t test. Conclusion:The cements differed amongst them as regards tensile strength, with the highest bonding levels recorded with zinc phosphate (Cimento LS) and the lowest with the zinc oxide without eugenol (Rely × Temp NE).
Clinical and pathologic findings in Doberman pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy that died suddenly or developed congestive heart failure: 54 cases (1984-1991).

OBJECTIVE To determine echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and histologic abnormalities in Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy that died suddenly and to compare findings with those of Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy that died of congestive heart failure. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 14 Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy that died suddenly (group 1) and 40 Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure (group 2). PROCEDURE Serial echocardiography and continuous, ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring were performed. Hearts of dogs that died suddenly were examined histologically. RESULTS Group-2 dogs died at a significantly older age than did group-1 dogs. All dogs had echocardiographic abnormalities, but changes were more severe in group-2 than in group-1 dogs. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were documented in all dogs. Group-1 dogs were more likely to have episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia than were group-2 dogs. Multifocal interstitial fibrosis and replacement of muscle fibers with collagen and fat were consistently observed in hearts from dogs that died suddenly. Ten group-1 dogs had received antiarrhythmic treatment prior to death. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Occult cardiomyopathy can be identified by means of echocardiography and Holter monitoring in Doberman Pinschers. Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy that had episodes of sustained (> 30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia were at risk of dying suddenly.
When they don’t die: Prognosis ambiguity, role conflict and emotion work in cancer caregiving

Informal carers of cancer patients have high rates of burden, stress, anxiety and unmet needs; yet, some describe caregiving as fulfilling. Building on the work of Thomas and colleagues, this study takes a sociology of emotions approach to understanding variations in carers of cancer patients’ emotional experiences, using interview data with 32 carers of a spouse with cancer. Analysis indicates that a clearly terminal (negative) prognosis facilitates clear priorities, unambiguous emotion management and improved social bonds. A more ambiguous (positive) prognosis, that includes a greater chance of survival, fosters role conflict, clashing feeling rules and ongoing guilt within spousal carers. This study highlights the importance of a prognosis to emotion management, underscoring a phenomenon that is likely to grow as survival rates continue to improve and explaining some of the variation in carers’ experiences.
Super-Resolution with Deep Convolutional Sufficient Statistics

Inverse problems in image and audio, and super-resolution in particular, can be seen as high-dimensional structured prediction problems, where the goal is to characterize the conditional distribution of a high-resolution output given its low-resolution corrupted observation. When the scaling ratio is small, point estimates achieve impressive performance, but soon they suffer from the regression-to-the-mean problem, result of their inability to capture the multi-modality of this conditional distribution. Modeling high-dimensional image and audio distributions is a hard task, requiring both the ability to model complex geometrical structures and textured regions. In this paper, we propose to use as conditional model a Gibbs distribution, where its sufficient statistics are given by deep convolutional neural networks. The features computed by the network are stable to local deformation, and have reduced variance when the input is a stationary texture. These properties imply that the resulting sufficient statistics minimize the uncertainty of the target signals given the degraded observations, while being highly informative. The filters of the CNN are initialized by multiscale complex wavelets, and then we propose an algorithm to fine-tune them by estimating the gradient of the conditional log-likelihood, which bears some similarities with Generative Adversarial Networks. We evaluate experimentally the proposed approach in the image super-resolution task, but the approach is general and could be used in other challenging ill-posed problems such as audio bandwidth extension.
Retraditionalizing the Mobile

This article, based on ethnographic research in Seoul, South Korea, proposes a `peripheral' and local perspective on teenage mobile phone users and sociality. The teenage users show that the mobile phone, which has often been represented as an example of global imagination technologies, is here appropriated in localized ways in which the traditional form of sociality, Cheong, is rearticulated. After reviewing the recent literature on young people's identity formation in relation to globalization, the article explores the way in which the mobile phone is appropriated as a means of extending traditional sociality between peers and family members. The study suggests that there is no clear-cut evidence that young people have become disembedded from local sociality; rather, they are reimagining the local through global imagination technology.
Review of Research: Math Anxiety: Overcoming a Major Obstacle to the Improvement of Student Math Performance

In today's high-tech, increasingly connected world, it is important that young children build confidence in their ability to do mathematics. This article reviews the literature on preventing and reducing math anxiety. The authors believe that as students become less anxious about and more confident in their abilities to do math, their performance on standardized test scores will improve and they will be better prepared for the future. Extensive research on math anxiety has tried to determine why so many people in the United States demonstrate a fear or even antipathy toward math. Mathematics anxiety can be defined as an "irrational dread of mathematics that interferes with manipulating numbers and solving mathematical problems within a variety of everyday life and academic situations" (Buckley & Ribordy, 1982, p.1). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) (1989) recognizes math anxiety as a problem and established criteria to help assess students' mathematical dispositions. NCTM suggests that teachers assess students':
Nuclear Power

This study examined the responses of college students to the construction of the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant. Acceptance of nuclear power plants correlated negatively with environmentalism and positively with belief in experts' evaluations of the safety of nuclear power plants. Although environmentalism correlated with nuclear power attitudes, these appeared to be separate issues. Environmentalism also correlated with other energy issues, such as energy conservation and burning coal. There was no significant relationship between nuclear power attitudes and self-reported measures of anxiety about aging, dependency, and death. However, nuclear power protesters had lower anxiety scores with regard to dependency issues. The findings are counter to the notion that nuclearpoweropponentsengage in irrational thinking and sufferfrom higher levels of anxiety.
Language contact in the Polish-American community in Chicago

Heritage speakers are individuals who were raised in a home where a language other than the dominant language of a given society was spoken. Heritage speakers are to some extent bilingual in both the language of their home and the dominant language. Only recently have linguists started examining heritage languages, languages that have not been completely acquired. In this article, I focus on features of heritage Polish spoken by “advanced high”1 bilinguals from the Chicago area. A special focus is put on lexical and structural features that differ from standard Polish as described by grammars of Polish. I demonstrate that the Polish language undergoes reduction in nominal morphology and displays different patterns of verbal morphology. Structural innovations are modelled on English structure; however, new independent phenomena are also observed. Thus, the article contributes to the discussion about the role of incomplete acquisition, language attrition and language interference in shaping heritage languages.
A comparative study evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of two topical therapies for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.

BACKGROUND Onion extract gel (OE) and 0.5% hydrocortisone, silicone and vitamin E lotion (HSE) are two over-the-counter preparations used to enhance the cosmesis of keloids and hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE To determine the tolerability and efficacy of OE versus HSE versus placebo in subjects with keloids and hypertrophic scars. METHODS Thirty subjects (> or =18 years) with keloids or hypertrophic scars were randomly assigned to one of three study preparations for 16 weeks. Scar volume was measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16. Subjects and blinded investigators assessed scar parameters (induration, erythema, pigmentation alteration, pain, itching, tenderness and cosmetic appearance) and patient satisfaction at each visit using a visual analog scale (VAS). Data analysis included: mean percentage change (MPC) for subjects completing the study (n = 15); the mixed model test to determine differences between the groups over time; and the Kruskal-Wallis test for the analysis of differences in subjects' satisfaction within the three groups over 16 weeks for subjects who completed at least one follow-up visit (n = 21). RESULTS All three preparations were well tolerated with the exception of a mild acneiform-like eruption in one OE patient. Significant improvements were obtained with OE in volume, length, width and induration and with HSE in volume, length, induration, erythema and pigmentation alteration. There was a trend showing that a higher percentage of subjects were satisfied with OE than with HSE or placebo. The Mix Model Analysis (MMA) showed significant improvements with OE over placebo in investigator cosmetic assessment, lesion induration, pigmentation and tenderness and with HSE over placebo in investigator cosmetic assessment, lesion induration, pigmentation and erythema. Improvements in erythema and pigmentation were significantly greater in HSE than in OE. CONCLUSION Both OE and HSE were more effective than placebo in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Family Attitudes and Gender Role Divisions of Married Women in Contemporary Vietnam and Korea

This study attempts to examine family attitudes and gender role divisions of married women in contemporary Vietnam and Korea. Drawing data from the 2003 Vietnam Family Study and the 2005 Korean Marriage and Fertility Study, this study investigated 1) attitudes of married women toward marriage, cohabitation, divorce, and having children, 2) decision making on household expenditures, and 3) household work division between husband and wife. The results showed that married Korean women were less inclined toward traditional family attitudes regarding marriage and children than married Vietnamese women. Decision on routine household expenditures was made and household work was done mostly by the wife in the two countries. In comparison, married Vietnamese men took more responsibilities for important financial decisions and child education than married Korean men. These overall findings imply that patriarchical family and gender role norms were preserved to larger extent in contemporary Vietnam than in Korea.
Uncorrelated Neural Firing in Mouse Visual Cortex during Spontaneous Retinal Waves

Synchronous firing among the elements of forming circuits is critical for stabilization of synapses. Understanding the nature of these local network interactions during development can inform models of circuit formation. Within cortex, spontaneous activity changes throughout development. Unlike the adult, early spontaneous activity occurs in discontinuous population bursts separated by long silent periods, suggesting a high degree of local synchrony. However, whether the micro-patterning of activity within early bursts is unique to this early age and specifically tuned for early development is poorly understood, particularly within the column. To study this we used single-shank multi-electrode array recordings of spontaneous activity in the visual cortex of non-anesthetized neonatal mice to quantify single-unit firing rates, and applied multiple measures of network interaction and synchrony throughout the period of map formation and immediately after eye-opening. We find that despite co-modulation of firing rates on a slow time scale (hundreds of ms), the number of coactive neurons, as well as pair-wise neural spike-rate correlations, are both lower before eye-opening. In fact, on post-natal days (P)6–9 correlated activity was lower than expected by chance, suggesting active decorrelation of activity during early bursts. Neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus developed in an opposite manner, becoming less correlated after eye-opening. Population coupling, a measure of integration in the local network, revealed a population of neurons with particularly strong local coupling present at P6–11, but also an adult-like diversity of coupling at all ages, suggesting that a neuron’s identity as locally or distally coupled is determined early. The occurrence probabilities of unique neuronal “words” were largely similar at all ages suggesting that retinal waves drive adult-like patterns of co-activation. These findings suggest that the bursts of spontaneous activity during early visual development do not drive hyper-synchronous activity within columns. Rather, retinal waves provide windows of potential activation during which neurons are active but poorly correlated, adult-like patterns of correlation are achieved soon after eye-opening.
The Generation and Consequences of Communication-evoked Imagery

Consumer researchers seem to believe that the use of imagery increases recall, enhances attitude toward the brand, and positively affects behavioral intentions. Yet few empirical investigations of imagery effects have been conducted in a consumer-behavior context. In this article, we provide a theoretical rationale based on extant literature as to which imagery content variables may influence imagery and how imagery may, in turn, affect key purchase-related variables such as attitudes and behavioral intentions. In addition, the results of two empirical investigations are presented. These studies address how self versus other relatedness and situation plausibility affect the degree of reported imagery and subsequently affect ad and brand evaluations. The results of the two studies show that the focal character and plausibility of the imagined scene influence the degree of imagery evoked by the message. Focal character is shown to directly affect attitude toward the ad. In addition, we find that imagery directly influences attitude toward the ad but has no effect on attitude toward the brand or behavioral intentions.
Lesser Neural Pattern Similarity across Repeated Tests Is Associated with Better Long-Term Memory Retention

Encoding and retrieval processes enhance long-term memory performance. The efficiency of encoding processes has recently been linked to representational consistency: the reactivation of a representation that gets more specific each time an item is further studied. Here we examined the complementary hypothesis of whether the efficiency of retrieval processes also is linked to representational consistency. Alternatively, recurrent retrieval might foster representational variability—the altering or adding of underlying memory representations. Human participants studied 60 Swahili–Swedish word pairs before being scanned with fMRI the same day and 1 week later. On Day 1, participants were tested three times on each word pair, and on Day 7 each pair was tested once. A BOLD signal change in right superior parietal cortex was associated with subsequent memory on Day 1 and with successful long-term retention on Day 7. A representational similarity analysis in this parietal region revealed that beneficial recurrent retrieval was associated with representational variability, such that the pattern similarity on Day 1 was lower for retrieved words subsequently remembered compared with those subsequently forgotten. This was mirrored by a monotonically decreased BOLD signal change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on Day 1 as a function of repeated successful retrieval for words subsequently remembered, but not for words subsequently forgotten. This reduction in prefrontal response could reflect reduced demands on cognitive control. Collectively, the results offer novel insights into why memory retention benefits from repeated retrieval, and they suggest fundamental differences between repeated study and repeated testing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Repeated testing is known to produce superior long-term retention of the to-be-learned material compared with repeated encoding and other learning techniques, much because it fosters repeated memory retrieval. This study demonstrates that repeated memory retrieval might strengthen memory by inducing more differentiated or elaborated memory representations in the parietal cortex, and at the same time reducing demands on prefrontal-cortex-mediated cognitive control processes during retrieval. The findings contrast with recent demonstrations that repeated encoding induces less differentiated or elaborated memory representations. Together, this study suggests a potential neurocognitive explanation of why repeated retrieval is more beneficial for long-term retention than repeated encoding, a phenomenon known as the testing effect.
The Personality Structure of the Musician

Nevertheless, research which has attempted to define such a relationship between musical ability and personality in the form of correlations has not always been successful. Schleuter (1972) and Thayer (1972), who both used the Musical Aptitude Profile (Gordon, 1965), the Iowa Test of Musical Literacy (Gordon, 1971) and the High School Personality Questionnaire (Cattell and Cattell, 1969), found their results to be inconclusive. On the other hand Shuter (1974), using a sample of younger children, discovered clear evidence of a relationship between the Bentley Measures of Musical Abilities (Bentley, 1966) and sensitivity and self-control as measured by the Children's Personality Questionnaire (Porter and Cattell, 1959).
Bystanders in Schools: What Do They Do and What Do They Think? Factors Influencing the Behaviour of English Students as Bystanders

This article reports on the English data from an international research project. Students' reports of being bullied are detailed but the main emphasis is on the role of the bystander, that is, what students did when they witnessed bullying in school and the reasons they gave for their actions. The study found that there were differences between students, in particular between primary and secondary phase students, and schools, in these areas. The responses are explored and the characteristics of those who intervened or did not. The implications for research and practice are debated.