Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INSIGHTS INTO AN INVISIBLE COMMUNITY: A PHOTOVOICE PROJECT WITH LATINO IMMIGRANT MEN IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY

Background: While the Latino immigrant male (LIM) population in Allegheny County is small, it is quickly growing. Previous studies have shown that men who immigrate without their families lack a sense of collective identity due to a socioeconomically diverse and geographically dispersed Latino population in Allegheny County. This reality may result in social isolation, and other associated negative health consequences. Purpose: This qualitative study sought to understand the social context of LIM in Allegheny County and describe how this context may impact their health. Methods: Photovoice was used, which is a community-engaged methodology in which participants document their lives in photographs, to understand community-level perspectives on participants' social context and relevant health topics. Participants were asked to take photographs about various topics, discuss the contexts related to photographs, and then relate the contexts with their experiences as immigrants. Seven LIM participated. Photograph "assignments" addressed the meaning of: (1) being an immigrant; (2) stress and related coping strategies; and (3) "fun" for the Latino community. All discussions were transcribed and analyzed using elements of grounded theory. Results: Three dominant themes emerged, which characterize the social context of participants: 1) the paramount role of the family leads immigrants to make sacrifices in order to provide for relatives abroad; 2) individual estimation of self-worth is affected by many factors, including workplace dynamics, pride and social discrimination; and 3) this community is marginalized, not able to retain close ties with families in the former culture, yet not able to access and participate in society in the new culture. Participants also discussed the disconnected nature of the Latino population and high stress levels, influenced by excessive work hours, unstable housing situations and lack of healthy social outlets. Conclusions & Public Health Relevance: The contextual reality within which LIM live in Allegheny County is not sufficient to provide the social support needed for members of a collectivist culture. This lack of social support, compounded by a social and economic context hostile to immigrants, is resulting in negative health outcomes. Existing health infrastructure must take into account this reality, particularly when designing care, support and prevention programs.
Favouritism and self-efficacy as antecedents on managers' politics perceptions and job stress

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-efficacy (SEFF) and favouritism (FAVO) as antecedents on perceptions of organizational politics (POPs) and job stress (STR) of hotel frontline managers (HFMs) in Turkish Cypriot hotels as its setting. A total number of 85 usable questionnaires were personally retrieved from managers in the research location. The hypothesized relationships were tested using partial least squares method. Results reveal that SEFF decreased POPs and STR. FAVO exerted a significant positive impact on POPs and STR. This research makes useful contributions to the current knowledge base by exclusively investigating the effect of FAVO on POPs and STR because FAVO has the potential to create distrustful working environment and causes real performers to engage in political games.
Predicting Signed Edges with O(n log n) Queries

Social networks and interactions in social media involve both positive and negative relationships. Signed graphs capture both types of relationships: positive edges correspond to pairs of "friends", and negative edges to pairs of "foes". The {\em edge sign prediction problem} is an important graph mining task for which many heuristics have recently been proposed \cite{leskovec2010predicting,leskovec2010signed}. In this paper we model the edge sign prediction problem as a noisy correlation clustering problem with two clusters. We are allowed to query each pair of nodes whether they belong to the same cluster or not, but the answer to the query is corrupted with some probability $0<q<\frac{1}{2}$. We provide an algorithm that recovers the clustering with high probability in the presence of noise with $O(n \log{n})$ queries if that gap $\frac{1}{2}-q$ is constant. Finally, we provide a novel generalization to $k \geq 3$ clusters and prove that our techniques can recover the clustering if the gap is constant in this generalized setting.
Exploring eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a technique for therapeutic intervention of adolescents experiencing trauma

The research explores Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a possible therapeutic technique in interventions dealing with trauma. The study focuses specifically on the adolescent phase. A distinction is made between developmental trauma and single-incident trauma and its impact on development. An attempt is made to acquire a deeper insight into adolescents’ experience of trauma. The purpose of the adolescent phase is the development of a sound identity. The challenges and the impact of traumatic experiences on the development of the adolescent on the road to adulthood are examined more closely. The symptoms of trauma and specifically the effect of trauma on the adolescent are highlighted. The study adopted an interpretivist paradigm. A qualitative design with multiple case studies was selected for the research. The research included five cases. The study was limited to adolescents who ranged in age from 13-19 years in an Afrikaans school in Johannesburg. Intake discussions were held with the parents. Intake discussions in accordance with the EMDR approach were held with the participants. Each participant attended 4 sessions. Various themes were identified in each interview, but two main themes emerged: the emotions of the adolescents regarding the trauma they experienced; the influence of trauma on the self-concept of the participants; that led to a deeper grasp of the participants’ experiences. An insight was gained into the influence that traumatic experiences had on the lives of the participants as well as the influence of these experiences on their families, school and social contexts. The main findings indicate that EMDR as a therapeutic technique does have the potential to provide support to adolescents who have been exposed to single-incident or developmental trauma. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Priming uniquely human emotions and the in-group (but not the out-group) activates humanity concepts

Documenting the behavioural consequences of infra-humanization, Vaes, Paladino, Castelli, Leyens, and Giovanazzi (2003) found that, in comparison to in-group members, out-group members are discriminated against when they express uniquely human emotions. It was assumed that expressing a uniquely human emotion makes an in-group member, at least tacitly, more human than an out-group member. Two studies tested this assumption and found, as predicted, that the human concept was more activated in an in-group compared to an out-group context when group members were associated with uniquely human emotions. The possible impact of valence was controlled for, showing that both positive and negative emotions endorsed the same effects (Study 1) and that the activation of the human concept was not a side effect of increased positivity (Study 2). The discussion focuses on the implications of the present studies and suggests new avenues of research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Sidelines: Sex and Racial Segregation in Television Sports Broadcasting

This study explores sex and racial segregation within television sports broadcasting. It uses logit log-linear analysis to examine the relationship between job classifications within sports broadcasting and such explanatory variables as sex and race. The results show that women are concentrated in competition-level reporting and reporting but are underrepresented as studio analysts and play-by-play announcers. People of color are most likely to be found doing competition-level reporting, followed by studio analysis. They are least likely to work as play-by-play announcers. In addition, people of color are virtually limited to broadcasting baseball, basketball, and football. Although Whites also cover these three sports, they occupy practically all of the jobs covering other sports. The findings regarding sex and race support the social closure perspective that argues that women and people of color would be concentrated in lower positions within an occupation. Cette etude explore la segregation raciale et sexuelle dans la telediffusion des sports. Une analyse log-lineaire est utilisee pour examiner la relation entre les classes d’emplois en telediffusion et des variables comme le sexe et la race. Les resultats sont a l’effet que les femmes sont concentrees dans les emplois comme journalistes et journalistes pour les competitions, mais qu’elles sont sous representees en tant que commentatrices et analystes en studio. Les personnes de couleur ont plus de chance de se retrouver comme journaliste de competition ou analyste en studio et ont moins de chance de se retrouver comme commentateur. De plus, les personnes de couleur sont virtuellement limitees a la telediffusion du base-ball, du basket-ball et du football. Bien que les blancs couvrent aussi ces trois sports, ils occupent pratiquement tous les emplois lies aux autres sports. Les resultats concernant le sexe et la race confirment la perspective de la fermeture sociale qui soutient que les femmes et les personnes de couleur sont concentrees dans les emplois en bas de l’echelle au sein d’une occupation.
Hadronic cross-sections in γγ processes and the next linear Collider

In this note we address the issue of theoretical estimates of the hadronic cross-sections for γγprocesses. We compare the predictions of the mini-jet model with data as well as other models, highlighting the band of uncertainties in the theoretical predictions, as well as those in the final values of the σ (γγ →hadrons)extracted from the data. We find that the rise of σ tot γγ with energy shown in the latest γγdata is in tune with the faster rise expected in the eikonal mini-jet models (EMM). We present an estimate of the accuracy with which this cross-section needs to be measured, in order to distinguish between the different theoretical models which try to "explain" the rise of total cross-sections with energy. We find that the precision of measurement required to distinguish the EMM-type models from the proton-like models, for 300 ½ γγ + e - mode.
A morphing-based analysis of the perceptual distance metric of human faces

This paper presents a psychophysical analysis of the discrimination thresholds of human faces that are varied along different directions in Face Space. Generated by a 3D Morphable Model, the stimuli are frontal views of original laser scans that are modified in shape, texture or both. Discrimination thresholds are then measured in a four Alternative Forced Choice (4AFC) design and a staircase method. In Experiment 1, texture and shape are varied separately along a set of principal component directions. For different components, the results show a consistent pattern of high and low thresholds across individual participants. We compare Mahalanobis distance, Euclidean distance in face space, and 2D image differences as potential predictors for human discrimination thresholds. The goal of Experiment 2 is to investigate the interaction between shape and texture. The stimuli include combined and separate variations of shape and texture in the 4AFC staircase setup, which are analyzed in a within-subject paradigm. The results indicate that participants rely on both shape and texture for their decision. The experiments help to assess different potential models of the fusion of shape and texture cues, and provide useful information for computer graphics applications such as character design interfaces.
Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide from the Eruptions of Mount St. Helens

Ash from the massive 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens readily gave off large amounts of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide gases at room temperature. These findings suggest that the sulfur that enhances the Junge sulfate layer in the stratosphere after volcanic eruptions could be carried directly to the upper atmosphere as carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide adsorbed on ash particles from major volcanic eruptions.
Comparison of the Corneal Power Measurements with the TMS4-Topographer, Pentacam HR, IOL Master, and Javal Keratometer

Purpose: The aim was to compare the corneal curvature and power measured with a corneal topographer, Scheimpflug camera, optical biometer, and Javal keratometer. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 myopic individuals who were candidates for photorefractive keratectomy were selected in a cross-sectional study. Manual keratometry (Javal Schiotz type; Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland), automated keratometry (IOL Master version 3.02, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), topography (TMS4, Tomey, Erlangen, Germany), and Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were performed for all participants. The 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) were reported to evaluate the agreement between devices. Results: The mean corneal power measurements were 44.3 ± 1.59, 44.25 ± 1.59, 43.68 ± 1.44, and 44.31 ± 1.61 D with a Javal keratometer, TMS4-topographer, the Pentacam and IOL Master respectively. Only the IOL Master showed no significant difference with Javal keratometer in measuring the corneal power (P = 0.965). The correlations of the Javal keratometer with TMS4-topography, Pentacam, and IOL Master was 0.991. 0.982, and 0.993 respectively. The 95% LOAs of the Javal keratometer with TMS4-topography, Pentacam, and IOL Master were − 0.361 to 0.49, −0.01 to 1.14, and − 0.36 to 0.36 D, respectively. Conclusion: Although the correlation of Pentacam, TMS4-topography, IOL Master, and Javal keratometer in measuring keratometry was high, only the IOL Master showed no significant difference with the Javal keratometer. The IOL Master had the best agreement with Javal keratometry.
Scientific Considerations for Evaluating Cancer Bioassays Conducted by the Ramazzini Institute

Background: The Ramazzini Institute (RI) has completed nearly 400 cancer bioassays on > 200 compounds. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and others have suggested that study design and protocol differences between the RI and other laboratories by may contribute to controversy regarding cancer hazard findings, principally findings on lymphoma/leukemia diagnoses. Objective: We aimed to evaluate RI study design, protocol differences, and accuracy of tumor diagnoses for their impact on carcinogenic hazard characterization. Methods: We analyzed the findings from a recent Pathology Working Group (PWG) review of RI procedures and tumor diagnoses, evaluated consistency of RI and other laboratory findings for chemicals identified by the RI as positive for lymphoma/leukemia, and examined evidence for a number of other issues raised regarding RI bioassays. The RI cancer bioassay design and protocols were evaluated in the context of relevant risk assessment guidance from international authorities. Discussion: Although the PWG identified close agreement with RI diagnoses for most tumor types, it did not find close agreement for lymphoma/leukemia of the respiratory tract or for neoplasms of the inner ear and cranium. Here we discuss a) the implications of the PWG findings, particularly lymphoma diagnostic issues; b) differences between RI studies and those from other laboratories that are relevant to evaluating RI cancer bioassays; and c) future work that may help resolve some concerns. Conclusions: We concluded that a) issues related to respiratory tract infections have complicated diagnoses at that site (i.e., lymphoma/leukemia), as well as for neoplasms of the inner ear and cranium, and b) there is consistency and value in RI studies for identification of other chemical-related neoplasia. Citation: Gift JS, Caldwell JC, Jinot J, Evans MV, Cote I, Vandenberg JJ. 2013. Scientific considerations for evaluating cancer bioassays conducted by the Ramazzini Institute. Environ Health Perspect 121:1253–1263; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ehp.1306661
Exploring the Relationship between Teaching Staff Age and Their Attitude towards Information and Communications Technologies (ICT).

Current research seeks to understand the relationship between teaching staff' age and their attitude toward ICT. Survey methodology is facilitated through the use of the questionnaires. The survey domain is a random sampling of teaching staff in Egyptian HEI. The population for this study was 500 full-time Faculty staff, and only 412 returned and completed questionnaires are considered as the study sample. The results showed that there is a moderate and positive relationship between the age of participants and their attitude towards ICT; thus, when considering attitude towards ICT by teaching staff members in Egyptians HEI, age is a significant factor. The result of this research has significant implications to HEI when they plan, develop, and adopt ICT. HEI has to consider that teaching staff' attitude towards ICT is related to their age.
Analysis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia using the pp65 antigenemia assay, the amplicor CMV test, and a semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction test after allogeneic marrow transplantation

Abstract: A pp65 antigenemia assay for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) (CINAkit Rapid Antigenemia), and a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for plasma ‘PCR‐P qual’ (Amplicor cytomegalovirus [CMV] test) were performed for 126 samples (blood and plasma) obtained from 18 bone marrow transplant patients, over a 9‐month surveillance period. Among those samples, 92 were assayed with a semi‐quantitative PCR test for PMNLs ‘PCR‐L quant. ’ The number of samples with a positive CMV test for antigenemia and PCR‐P qual assays was 20.63% and 12.7%, respectively, whereas the PCR‐L quant assay was positive in 48 of the 92 samples assayed (52.17%). The rates of concordance of the results of PCR‐P qual and antigenemia, PCR‐P qual and PCR‐L quant, antigenemia and PCR‐L quant were 92%, 65.2% and 66.8%, respectively. The analysis of the results for the 92 specimens tested by all 3 methods showed a rate of concordance of 63% among all methods. Good agreement (κ=0.72) was found only between pp65 Ag and PCR‐P qual assays. Clinical disease correlates with an antigenemia high viral load. Three patients had CMV disease despite preemptive therapy, and all of them had graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD). PMNLs‐based assays are more efficient in monitoring CMV reactivation, but for high‐risk patients with GVHD, more sensitive assays (real‐time PCR) must be done.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Sales Unit Effectiveness

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are defined as discretionary, extra-role behaviors on the part of a salesperson that have been shown to influence managers’ evaluations of performance. It has been suggested that one reason managers value OCBs is that they believe OCBs contribute to organizational success. The authors’ purpose is to investigate the impact of OCBs on objective unit performance and compare this effect with the impact that OCBs have on managerial evaluations. First, the impact of OCBs on overall performance evaluations is examined. Second, the aggregate effects of unit-level OCBs on agency performance are examined using objective performance data for 116 agencies in a major insurance company. The results show that OCBs make an important contribution to overall agency performance; however, some citizenship behaviors appear to help and others hinder agency performance. Finally, a comparison of the results of the two studies suggests that managers tend to overvalue some citizenship behaviors and undervalue others.
In Vitro and Murine Efficacy and Toxicity Studies of Nebulized SCC1, a Methylated Caffeine-Silver(I) Complex, for Treatment of Pulmonary Infections

ABSTRACT The expanding clinical challenge of respiratory tract infections due to resistant bacteria necessitates the development of new forms of therapy. The development of a compound composed of silver coupled to a methylated caffeine carrier (silver carbene complex 1 [SCC1]) that demonstrated in vitro efficacy against bacteria, including drug-resistant organisms, isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections was described previously. The findings of current in vitro studies now suggest that bactericidal concentrations of SCC1 are not toxic to airway epithelial cells in primary culture. Thus, it was hypothesized that SCC1 could be administered by the aerosolized route to concentrate delivery to the lung while minimizing systemic toxicity. In vivo, aerosolized SCC1 delivered to mice resulted in mild aversion behavior, but it was otherwise well tolerated and did not cause lung inflammation following administration over a 5-day period. The therapeutic efficacy of SCC1 compared to that of water was shown in a 3-day prophylaxis protocol, in which mice infected with a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had increased survival, decreased amounts of bacteria in the lung, and a lower prevalence of bacteremia. Similarly, by using an airway infection model in which bacteria were impacted in the airways by agarose beads, the administration of SCC1 was significantly superior to water in decreasing the lung bacterial burden and the levels of bacteremia and markers of airway inflammation. These observations indicate that aerosolized SCC1, a novel antimicrobial agent, warrants further study as a potential therapy for bacterial respiratory tract infections.
Overcoming the Illegitimacy Discount: Cultural Entrepreneurship in the US Feature Film Industry

How can organizations spanning institutionalized categories mitigate against the possibility of reduced attention by audiences? While there has been a good deal of research on the illegitimacy discount of category spanning, scant attention has been paid to how organizations might strategically address this potential problem. In this paper, we explore how the strategic naming of products might enhance audience attention despite the liabilities associated with category spanning. Drawing on a sample of films released in the United States market between 1982 and 2007, we analyze different naming strategies and show that names that simply signal familiarity are not potent enough to offset the illegitimacy discount, while names imbued with known reputations serve as a symbolic device that enhances audience attention to genre-spanning films.