Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion Among NCAA Women’s Ice Hockey Athletes

Background: There are limited data on the incidence of concussion and concussion symptom nondisclosure among collegiate women’s ice hockey athletes. Purpose: To determine the incidence of sports-related concussion (SRC) in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women’s ice hockey athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: An anonymous online survey was completed by 459 NCAA women’s ice hockey athletes. Players reported diagnosed concussions as well as incidents where they experienced an impact or blow to the head followed by symptoms associated with a concussion; reports spanned the duration of the 2014-2015 season and throughout players’ organized hockey career. Results: About half (n = 219, 47.7%) of respondents reported at least 1 diagnosed concussion over the duration of their entire organized ice hockey career. A total of 13.3% (n = 61) of respondents reported a diagnosed concussion during the 2014-2015 season. The incidence rate was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.92-1.51) per 1000 athlete-exposures to a game or practice and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.45-0.74) per 1000 hours of ice time. One-third (34.2%, n = 157) of players reported at least 1 impact where they experienced concussion-like symptoms during the 2014-2015 season; 82.8% of these players reported that they continued to play after at least 1 of these impacts, and 66.8% of players reported at least 1 impact where they never disclosed any symptoms. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of SRC in collegiate women’s ice hockey and a concerning level of symptom nondisclosure. Additional research is needed to understand the causes of concussion and reasons for the lack of symptom disclosure, including factors specific to female athletes and contextual issues specific to women’s collegiate ice hockey.
Robust Multi-Camera View Face Recognition

Abstract This paper presents multi-appearance fusion of principal component analysis (PCA) and generalization of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for multi-camera view offline face recognition (verification) system. The generalization of LDA has been extended to establish correlations between the face classes in the transformed representation and this is called canonical covariate. The proposed system uses Gabor filter banks for characterization of facial features by spatial frequency, spatial locality and orientation to compensate to the variations of face instances occurred due to illumination, pose and facial expression changes. Convolution of Gabor filter bank to face images produces Gabor face representations with high-dimensional feature vectors. PC A and canonical covariate are then applied on the Gabor face representations to reduce the high-dimensional feature spaces into low-dimensional Gabor eigenfaces and Gabor canonical faces. Reduced eigenface vector and canonical face vector are fused together using weighted mean fusion rule. Finally, support vector machines have trained with augmented fused set of features and perform the recognition task. The system has been evaluated with UMIST face database consisting of multi-view faces. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed system for multi-view face images with high recognition rates. Complexity analysis of the proposed system is also presented at the end of the experimental results.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Messages Using Word2Vec

— This study presents and discusses experiments in sentiment analysis of Twitter posts relating to U.S airline companies. The goal of this study is to determine whether tweets can be classified either as displaying positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Word embeddings that are produced by word2vec are generally used to learn context and produce high-dimensional vectors in a space. These embeddings are then classified using machine-learning algorithms. The challenges of applying word2vec to tweet sentiment classification include using tweet length and syntax to determine the most accurate method to analyze Twitter posts. The highest accuracy for sentiment classification of Twitter posts was 72%. This prediction was achieved with Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression classifiers, combined with the word2vec skip-gram training model.
Establishment and characterization of immortalized neuronal cell lines derived from the spinal cord of normal and trisomy 16 fetal mice, an animal model of Down syndrome

We report the establishment of continuously growing cell lines from spinal cords of normal and trisomy 16 fetal mice. We show that both cell lines, named M4b (derived from a normal animal) and MTh (trisomic) possess neurological markers by immunohistochemistry (neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, microtubule associated protein‐2 [MAP‐2], and choline acetyltransferase) and lack glial traits (glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100). MTh cells were shown to overexpress mRNA of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, whose gene is present in autosome 16. We also studied intracellular Ca2+ signals ([Ca2+]i) induced by different agonists in Indo‐1 loaded cells. Basal [Ca2+]i was significantly higher in MTh cells compared to M4b cells. Glutamate (200 μM) and (1S,3R)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid (ACDP) (100 μM) induced rapid, transient increases in [Ca2+]i in M4b and MTh cells, indicating the presence of glutamatergic metabotropic receptors. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and kainate, but not alpha‐amino‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA), produced [Ca2+]i rises in both cell types. MTh cells exhibited faster time‐dependent decay phase kinetics in glutamate‐induced responses compared to M4b cells. Nicotine induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i in M4b and MTh cells, with significantly greater amplitudes in the latter compared to the former. Further, both cell types responded to noradrenaline. Finally, we examined cholinergic function in both cell lines and found no significant differences in the [3H]‐choline uptake, but fractional acetylcholine release induced by either K+, glutamate or nicotine was significantly higher in MTh cells. These results show that M4b and MTh cells have neuronal characteristics and the MTh line shows differences which could be related to neuronal pathophysiology in Down's syndrome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of threshold response and appropriate electrode placement site for electric pulp testing in fluorosed anterior teeth: An in vivo study

Background: Accurate diagnosis is key to success. Diagnosing the pulpal status in varied clinical situations poses a challenge to the clinician. Electric pulp test (EPT) is one of the valuable attempts in evaluating the sensibility of pulp tissue. The aim of this study was to find out and compare the threshold levels and optimal electrode placement site for EPT in fluorosed and nonfluorosed anterior teeth. Materials and Methodology: Eighty volunteers recruited for this study were divided into two groups based on the incidence of dental fluorosis. Electric pulp testing was done on either of the central incisors in fluorosed and nonfluorosed group. Four sites on each crown were tested 4 times with digitest electric pulp tester, and the mean of the threshold responses was recorded. The data were analyzed with SPSS, version 11. Means of variables from each location were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test while the critical level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of threshold levels in fluorosed teeth were greater when compared to that of nonfluorosed teeth at all sites with incisal edge showing the least mean threshold levels for both the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that fluorosed teeth respond to higher threshold levels than the non-fluorosed teeth, and incisal edge was the optimal electrode placement site.
Aggravation by Paroxetine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, of Antral Lesions Generated by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Rats

Recent clinical studies have suggested a risk of adverse gastric reactions from the concomitant use of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We examined the adverse effects of SSRIs on antral lesions produced by indomethacin in rats. Rats fasted for 24 h were refed for 1 h, then administered indomethacin (30 mg/kg s.c.) 1 h after the refeeding and killed 6 h later. Paroxetine (1–10 mg/kg) was given orally 30 min before indomethacin. Indomethacin caused antral lesions in refed rats. Paroxetine dose-dependently aggravated these lesions, despite provoking no damage by itself. Similar results were obtained when other NSAIDs such as diclofenac, flurbiprofen, and loxoprofen were coadministered with paroxetine or when indomethacin was coadministered with other antidepressants such as fluvoxamine and milnacipran, but not imipramine or maprotiline. Exogenous 5-HT also worsened the indomethacin-induced antral damage, whereas the aggravating effect of paroxetine was attenuated by ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 antagonist, but not antagonists for other 5-HT receptor subtypes. Indomethacin plus paroxetine had no effect on gastric secretion but significantly decreased mucosal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as GSH content. The antral damage induced by indomethacin plus paroxetine was significantly prevented by antisecretory (acid or pepsin) agents and mucosal protective agents as well as SOD and allopurinol. These results suggest that SSRIs aggravate NSAID-induced antral lesions, probably via the activation of 5HT3 receptors, and the mechanism of aggravation may involve the corrosive action of acid/pepsin as well as an impaired antioxidative system.
Retinoic Acid Embryopathy

Isotretinoin is a retinoid which is derived from Vitamin A. It is indicated for severe cystic acne treatment, but it has been classified as teratogenic. A wide spectrum of birth defects including craniofacial, heart, and nervous system malformations have been described with prenatal exposure to this drug. We report the case of a newborn with a history of prenatal exposure to isotretinoin with craniofacial defects, including left-sided anotia, right-sided microtia, complex congenital heart disease, and central nervous system malformation.
A Simple Algorithm to Relate Measured Surface Roughness to Equivalent Sand-grain Roughness

One of the most important resources available in the field of fluid mechanics, the Moody Chart gives Darcy friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness. The experimentalists who generated the data correlated in the Moody Chart, however, roughened pipe surfaces by coating their internal surfaces with a monolayer of sand, the pipe wall roughness being defined as the average diameter of the sand grains. Thus, the sand-grain roughness values required for use with the Moody Chart are not derived from any direct measure of roughness using modern surface characterization equipment, such as an optical profilometer. Using direct measurements of surface roughness in fluid flow calculations may therefore result in significant error. In this paper we present a simple algorithm with which various measured surface roughness parameters can be converted to equivalent sand-grain roughness. For nearly every surface roughness value converted to equivalent sand-grain roughness using the algorithm, better agreement with fluid flow experiments is seen over using the raw roughness value.
JØRGENSEN'S INEQUALITY AND COLLARS IN n-DIMENSIONAL QUATERNIONIC HYPERBOLIC SPACE

In this paper, we obtain analogues of Jorgensen’s inequality for non-elementary groups of isometries of quaternionic hyperbolic n-space generated by two elements, one of which is loxodromic. Our result gives some improvement over earlier results of Kim [10] and Markham [15]. These results also apply to complex hyperbolic space and give improvements on results of Jiang, Kamiya and Parker [7]. As applications, we use the quaternionic version of Jorgensen’s inequalities to construct embedded collars about short, simple, closed geodesics in quaternionic hyperbolic manifolds. We show that these canonical collars are disjoint from each other. Our results give some improvement over earlier results of Markham and Parker and answer an open question posed in [16]. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000): 20H10, 30F40,57S30.
Regional overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta1 in the myocardium of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy has been proposed to be the result of gene mutations of contractile proteins. However, we have previously shown significant elevation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) at the messenger RNA, protein, and receptor levels in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy when compared with myocardium from patients without this disorder. We hypothesized that this growth factor overexpression is a regional phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, we compared levels of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 in hypertrophic and nonhypertrophic myocardium within the same group of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. METHODS Two biopsy specimens were obtained from each patient undergoing septal myectomy for severely symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, from hypertrophied septum and from nonhypertrophied myocardium (8 patients in total). Clinical data were prospectively recorded. Messenger RNA levels for growth factor were quantified by means of multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, expressed as a densitometric ratio of growth factor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Protein levels were quantified by means of chemiluminescent slot blot analysis. Growth factor proteins were used to generate a standard curve. RESULTS IGF-I messenger RNA and protein levels in hypertrophic myocardium were 2.6 and 2.9 times greater, respectively, than in nonhypertrophic myocardium of the same patients (both P <.01). TGF-beta 1 messenger RNA and protein levels in the hypertrophic myocardium were 2.5 and 2.8 times greater, respectively, than the levels in the nonhypertrophied myocardium (both P <.01). There was a significant correlation between the IGF-I protein ratio (hypertrophic/nonhypertrophic myocardium) and the inducible left ventricular outflow tract gradients measured at cardiac catheterization (r = 0.77, P =.025). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial overexpression of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 is a regional phenomenon in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and is likely involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder.
Spatio-temporal modeling of traffic workload in a campus WLAN

Campus wireless LANs (WLANs) are complex systems with hundreds of access points (APs) and thousands of users. Their performance analysis calls for realistic models of their elements, which can be input to simulation and testbed experiments but also taken into account for theoretical work. However, only few modeling results in this area are derived from real measurement data, and rarely do they provide a complete and consistent view of entire WLANs. In this work, we address this gap relying on extensive traces collected from the large wireless infrastructure of the University of North Carolina. We present a first system-wide, multi-level modeling approach for characterizing the traffic demand in a campus WLAN. Our approach focuses on two structures of wireless user activity, namely the wireless session and the network flow. We propose statistical distributions for their attributes, aiming at a parsimonious characterization that can be the most flexible foundation for simulation studies. We simulate our models and show that the synthesized traffic is in good agreement with the original trace data. Finally, we investigate to what extent these models can be valid at finer spatial aggregation levels of traffic load, e.g., for modeling traffic demand in hotspot APs.
The effect of pharmacist-led interventions in optimising prescribing in older adults in primary care: A systematic review

Objective: To evaluate studies of pharmacist-led interventions on potentially inappropriate prescribing among community-dwelling older adults receiving primary care to identify the components of a successful intervention. Data sources: An electronic search of the literature was conducted using the following databases from inception to December 2015: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE (through Ovid), Trip, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination databases, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov, metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database (Theses in Great Britain, Ireland and North America). Review methods: Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised studies involving a pharmacist-led intervention compared to usual/routine care which aimed to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults in primary care. Methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed. Results: A comprehensive literature search was conducted which identified 2193 studies following removal of duplicates. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies involved a pharmacist conducting a medication review and providing feedback to patients or their family physician. One randomised controlled trial evaluated the effect of a computerised tool that alerted pharmacists when elderly patients were newly prescribed potentially inappropriate medications. Four studies were associated with an improvement in prescribing appropriateness. Conclusion: Overall, this review demonstrates that pharmacist-led interventions may improve prescribing appropriateness in community-dwelling older adults. However, the quality of evidence is low. The role of a pharmacist working as part of a multidisciplinary primary care team requires further investigation to optimise prescribing in this group of patients.
An evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on the growth rate of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (AARDVARK)

Aims The AARDVARK (Aortic Aneurysmal Regression of Dilation: Value of ACE-Inhibition on RisK) trial investigated whether ACE-inhibition reduces small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) growth rate, independent of blood pressure (BP) lowering. Methods and results A three-arm, multi-centre, single-blind, and randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN51383267) was conducted in 14 hospitals in England. Subjects aged ≥55 years with AAA diameter 3.0–5.4 cm were randomized 1:1:1 to receive perindopril arginine 10 mg, or amlodipine 5 mg, or placebo and followed 3–6 monthly over 2 years. The primary outcome was aneurysm growth rate (based on external antero-posterior ultrasound measurements in the longitudinal plane), determined by multi-level modelling to provide maximum likelihood estimates. Two hundred and twenty-four subjects were randomized (2011–2013) to placebo (n = 79), perindopril (n = 73), or amlodipine (n = 72). Mean (SD) changes in mid-trial systolic BP (12 months) were 0.5 (14.3) mmHg, P = 0.78 compared with baseline, −9.5 (13.1) mmHg (P < 0.001), and −6.7 (12.0) mmHg (P < 0.001), respectively. No significant differences in the modelled annual growth rates were apparent [1.68 mm (SE 0.2), 1.77 mm (0.2), and 1.81 mm (0.2), respectively]. The estimated difference in annual growth between the perindopril and placebo groups was 0.08 mm (CI −0.50, 0.65). Similar numbers of AAAs in each group reached 5.5 cm diameter and/or underwent elective surgery: 11 receiving placebo, 10 perindopril, and 11 amlodipine. Conclusion Small AAA growth rates were lower than anticipated, but there was no significant impact of perindopril compared with placebo or placebo and amlodipine, combined despite more effective BP lowering.
Market Power E ects of College and University Mergers

Non-pro t colleges and universities have merged across the US, citing economies of scale and scope. Yet, whether these institutions take advantage of merger-induced market power has not been empirically assessed. Using an ex post merger evaluation approach, I estimate that the average merger between 2000 and 2015 increased tuition and fees by 5-7% relative to nonmerging institutions in the same state and sector (public or non-pro t). At the same time, merging institutions increased institutional grant aid which o set price increases for students receiving nancial aid. These results indicate that non-pro t colleges respond to changes in market structure and use market power to increase price discrimination. ∗The Nelson A. Rockefeller Center for Public Policy and the Social Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6082 Rockefeller Hall, Hanover, NH, 03755. Phone: 603-646-1291. Email: LaurenRussell@dartmouth.edu. I thank Heidi Williams, David Autor, Joshua Angrist, Paul Joskow, Sara Fisher Ellison, Glenn Ellison, Nikhil Agarwal, Amy Finkelstein, John Van Reenen, and Nancy Rose as well as the MIT Labor Lunch participants and Dartmouth College Seminar participants for their feedback. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (under Grant No. 1122374). Any opinion, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily re ect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Aspects of Text Mining From Computational Semiotics to Systemic Functional Hypertexts

The significance of natural language texts as the prime information structure for the management and dissemination of knowledge in organisations is still increasing. Making relevant documents available depending on varying tasks in different contexts is of primary importance for any efficient task completion. Implementing this demand requires the content based processing of texts, which enables to reconstruct or, if necessary, to explore the relationship of task, context and document. Text mining is a technology that is suitable for solving problems of this kind. In the following, semiotic aspects of text mining are investigated. Based on the primary object of text mining - natural language lexis - the specific complexity of this class of signs is outlined and requirements for the implementation of text mining procedures are derived. This is done with reference to text linkage introduced as a special task in text mining. Text linkage refers to the exploration of implicit, content based relations of texts (and their annotation as typed links in corpora possibly organised as hypertexts). In this context, the term systemic functional hypertext is introduced, which distinguishes genre and register layers for the management of links in a poly-level hypertext system.
State of stress in Texas: Implications for induced seismicity

Compilation of almost 200 new maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) orientations in Texas reveals a complex intraplate stress field. A large extensional stress province is associated with extensive growth faulting from northeastern Mexico to Louisiana. SHmax is subparallel to the coastline, following the strikes of the growth faults. In contrast, we observe a strike‐slip/normal faulting regime with SHmax approximately E‐W in much of west Texas and the Texas Panhandle, similar to the stress fields observed in northeast New Mexico and north‐central Oklahoma. Within the Fort Worth Basin in northeast Texas, SHmax is NNE‐SSW. The faulting regime transitions from strike‐slip/normal faulting in the northern part of the basin to normal faulting with subequal horizontal principal stress magnitudes further south. Recent sites of apparently injection‐related seismicity near Snyder/Cogdell (west Texas), Karnes City/Fashing (south Texas), the Dallas‐Fort Worth metroplex, and Timpson (east Texas) involves fault slip compatible with local stress fields.