Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diafenthiuron: 1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea

The title compound, C23H32N2OS, is a thiourea-based insecticide. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the diisopropyl benzene ring plane is 73.18 (6)°, while that between the plane of the thiourea group and the diisopropyl benzene ring is 86.00 (5)°. Disorder was modelled for the S atom and the two methyl C atoms of the isopropyl group over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.742 (4):0.258 (4). In the crystal, N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules, forming R 2 2(8) inversion dimers that pack into chains along the b-axis direction.
Evolution of Cn to Ccn Behavior of Ccn to Cn Fraction during Aging and Mixing Processes of Atmospheric Particles Acpd Evolution of Cn to Ccn Evolution of Cn to Ccn

During Spring 2003, field experiments were conducted at the summit of Puy de D ˆ ome (1465 m a.s.l.), in Central France, mainly in the free troposphere and during cloudy conditions. During this experiment, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations were measured with a thermal gradient CCN counter at applied supersaturations that 5 ranged between 0.2 and 2%. Aerosol size distributions were obtained with a TSI scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) consisting of a DMA and a CPC, and aerosol number (CN) concentrations were derived by integrating the SMPS size spectra between 0.015 and 0.3 µm. The isentropic back trajectories were computed for the altitude of the observation site using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajec-10 tory (HY-SPLIT) code from NOAA. For each air mass type, the aerosol bulk chemical composition used was that previously determined from cascade impactor samples by Sellegri et al. (2003). The methodological approach of this study was, firstly, to determine the relationships between CN and CCN concentrations for various air mass types arriving on the observation site. According to their origin, air masses arriving on the 15 observation site are classified into 4 types: continental, clean marine, modified marine and polar. The CN concentrations appear to clearly depend on the type of air mass with the highest concentrations for the continental event and the lowest ones for the marine events. Moreover, a typical range can be attributed for the CCN/CN ratio to each air mass type. Then, the objective was to observe the hygroscopic behavior of aerosol 20 particles upon heating of the sample in a thermo-desorber. Since the heated sample can be considered as representative of the original state of the aerosol, it appears that the evolution of CN to CCN is much more affected when the air mass is modified by aging and mixing processes with the contact of various atmospheric species all along the transport pathway. This result shows indirectly but clearly the presence of an active 25 chemical layer containing more hygroscopic properties on the aerosol particle surface that can favour the particle growth. However, the role played by organic species is not clear and more work is needed to know if organic compounds may act to increase the 9546 Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion EGU CCN concentration.
Hearing from children who have diabetes

Previous research provided children with few opportunities to say what they feel about 'being diabetic'. A phenomenological approach is helpful in undertaking research with children. Children are able to express their feelings about being diabetic. The experiences of children aged 7-12 years who have diabetes can be clustered into six themes--finding out, daily discipline, being normal, good things, bad things and support. Findings of the study are discussed, identifying some implications for practice.
RECONCILING AGN-STAR FORMATION, THE SOLTAN ARGUMENT, AND MEIER’S PARADOX

We provide a theoretical context for understanding the recent work of Kalfountzou et al. showing that star formation is enhanced at lower optical luminosity in radio-loud quasars. Our proposal for coupling the assumption of collimated FRII quasar-jet-induced star formation with lower accretion optical luminosity also explains the observed jet power peak in active galaxies at higher redshift compared to the peak in accretion power, doing so in a way that predicts the existence of a family of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei associated with rapidly spinning supermassive black holes at low redshift, as mounting observations suggest. The relevance of this work lies in its promise to explain the observed cosmological evolution of accretion power, jet power, and star formation in a way that is both compatible with the Soltan argument and resolves the so-called “Meier Paradox. ”
Challenges to Reproduce Vegetation Structure and Dynamics in Amazonia Using a Coupled Climate–Biosphere Model

Abstract The Amazon rain forest constitutes one of the major global stocks of carbon. Recent studies, including the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report and the Coupled Climate Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project, have suggested that it may reduce in size and lose biomass during the twenty-first century through a savannization process. A better understanding of how this ecosystem structure, dynamics, and carbon balance may respond to future climate changes is needed. This article investigates how well a fully coupled atmosphere–biosphere model can reproduce vegetation structure and dynamics in Amazonia to the extent permitted by available data. The accurate representation of the coupled climate–biosphere dynamics requires the accurate representation of climate, net primary production (NPP), and its partition among the several carbon pool components. The simulated climate is validated against precipitation (within 5% of four datasets) and incident solar radiation (within 7% of obser.
Action monitoring, error detection, and the basal ganglia: an ERP study

The error negativity (Ne or ERN) is an event-related brain potential component, which is assumed to reflect error detection. Recently it has been hypothesized that the basal ganglia are assumed to play a crucial role in error detection. In the present study we ask whether the Ne is altered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), who have an impaired function of the basal ganglia. We recorded the Ne in patients and in matched controls, while they performed different tasks that require a relatively high cognitive control, which is supposed to pose particular problems on PD. The Ne was in fact smaller in the patients than in the controls in all tasks. Our results suggest an impairment of error detection in PD for different types of demanding tasks. This supports the hypothesis that the basal ganglia do play an important role for error detection in action monitoring.
Variations of the seasonal sea level cycle in southern Europe

The temporal and spatial variability of the seasonal signals in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Iberian coast is explored on the basis of tide gauge data. Mean amplitudes range in the various stations between 3 and 7 cm for the mean annual component and between 1 and 3 cm for the semiannual component. On average, seasonal signals account for approximately 20% of the total variance of monthly records. The seasonal cycle is unsteady in time, with large variations in amplitudes and phases in some stations reaching up to 8 cm and 40 d, respectively. The contribution of the direct atmospheric effects to the seasonal cycle has been estimated by means of the output of a barotropic model forced with wind and atmospheric pressure. This contribution is regionally coherent, albeit variable in time. The annual cycle of the residuals (observations minus atmospherically induced sea level) is larger than that of the observations by about 2–3 cm. The residual semiannual cycle is smaller than that of the observations by about 25%. The temporal variability of the seasonal cycle of the residual series is also explored. Changes in water temperatures at the upper layers is the only parameter that appears connected with the observed variations.
Effects of interferon‐α2b on keloid treatment with triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection

Background Triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection (TAIL) has been used for the treatment of keloids, but only with limited success. Interferon‐α (IFN‐α) is the most widely used IFN, and has mainly antiviral, antiproliferative, and antitumoral functions. A few studies have evaluated the efficacy of IFN‐α2b in controlled trials for the treatment of keloids.
Recent advancement in Late Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Akita oil fields

Neogene stratigraphy of the Akita oil fields (s.l.) was first established by OHASHI (in TOYAMA, 1925) in the Oga Peninsula, and later by OMURA (1928, 1930) in and around Akita City, which is an important oil-producing area in the region. The oil-bearing marine strata in the Akita City area belong to the Onnagawa, Funakawa, Tentokuji and Sasaoka Formations, the type locality of the former two is in the Oga Peninsula. The Tentokuji and Sasaoka Formations were designated in the Akita City area and have been correlated with the Kitaura and Wakimoto Formations of the Oga Peninsula. The stratigraphic succession in the Akita City area has long been regarded as the standard succession not only for the Akita oil fields but also for the Neogene sequences along the Japan Sea coastal regions.Recent studies in magnetostratigraphy and in biostratigraphy based on diatoms, calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera indicate that the correlation, so far established between the successions in the Oga Peninsula and Akita City area, is not valid. Based on these studies, the Onnagawa Formation of the Akita City area is correlated with the lower to middle part of the same formation of the Oga Peninsula, and the Funakawa Formation of the Akita City area is correlated with the upper part of the Onnagawa to the basal part of the Funakawa Formation of the Peninsula. The Tentokuji and Sasaoka Formations are correlated with most of the Funakawa Formation of the Peninsula, unlike the usual practice of correlating them with the Kitaura and Wakimoto Formations. It is after the deposition of the Sasaoka Formation that the Early Pleistocene Kitaura and Wakimoto Formations were deposited in a marine basin, which existed as a remnant of the earlier one, to the west of the present coast line of Akita-Noshiro.The Kitayuri thrust system along the present coast line seems responsible for the difference in the sedimentary environment of the two areas since the time of deposition of the upper part of the Onnagawa Formation in the Oga Peninsula.
Terahertz Metasurfaces for Absorber or Reflectarray Applications

A terahertz (THz) metasurface, with the unit cells consisting of double metal loops and a metallic back film on both sides of the dielectric layer, is investigated to find the connection between reflectivity and pattern geometry. An equivalent circuit of the unit cell is also given to ease the analysis and predication of the reflection coefficient and also to provide a guideline for tuning the impedance of the metasurface. An absorber and a reflectarray, as two typical applications of the metasurface that need low and high reflection efficiency, respectively, are demonstrated at ~0.9 THz by varying dimensional parameters of the metal loops. The absorber can reach 0.102-THz bandwidth for reflectivity below -10 dB under normal incidence and also shows independence on polarization and incident angle, while the reflectarray antenna gain can reach 22 dBi at 0.875 THz. Finally, an absorber and a reflective surface prototype were fabricated and measured. Factors affecting the reflectivity and resonances introduced in the fabrication process are identified, which provides an important reference to design other kinds of THz devices.
Impact of pulsatile perfusion on postoperative outcome of kidneys from controlled donors after cardiac death

Pulsatile perfusion (PP) might be a cost‐effective cold preservation technique to reduce the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) in kidneys from deceased donors. With the aim to address whether PP can reduce the incidence of DGF in kidneys from controlled donors after cardiac death (cDCD), we compared the clinical outcome of 30 recipients of kidneys from cDCD preserved by static cold storage (cDCD‐SCS) with 30 recipients of cDCD kidneys preserved by PP (cDCD‐PP). The end‐points were the incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF), DGF and acute rejection (AR), the length of hospitalization, 1, 3, 6 and 12‐months graft function, graft survival and patient survival. Donor, recipient and preimplantation data were well matched. DGF was significantly lower (53.3% vs. 86.6%P < 0.001) and the length of hospitalization shorter (10 vs. 14 days P < 0.033) in the cDCD‐PP group. Similarly, postoperative and short‐term graft function (7 and 30 days and 6 and 12 months, respectively) was statistically better in the cDCD‐PP than in the cDCD‐SCS. In summary, in this cohort, clinical introduction of PP was associated with a significant reduction of DGF, shorter hospitalization and better graft function than SCS.
Zigzag decoding: combating hidden terminals in wireless networks

This paper presents ZigZag, an 802.11 receiver design that combats hidden terminals. ZigZag's core contribution is a new form of interference cancellation that exploits asynchrony across successive collisions. Specifically, 802.11 retransmissions, in the case of hidden terminals, cause successive collisions. These collisions have different interference-free stretches at their start, which ZigZag exploits to bootstrap its decoding. ZigZag makes no changes to the 802.11 MAC and introduces no overhead when there are no collisions. But, when senders collide, ZigZag attains the same throughput as if the colliding packets were a priori scheduled in separate time slots. We build a prototype of ZigZag in GNU Radio. In a testbed of 14 USRP nodes, ZigZag reduces the average packet loss rate at hidden terminals from 72.6% to about 0.7%.
Human leucocyte antigen risk alleles for psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis

Aim Genes that differentiate patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from those with cutaneous psoriasis (PsC) may serve as markers for the development of PsA in patients with psoriasis. The authors aimed to identify human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles that are associated with the development of PsA in patients with psoriasis. Methods 712 adult patients with PsA, 335 adult patients with PsC and 713 healthy controls were genotyped for HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles. Differences in allelic distributions for each of the HLA loci were compared using a likelihood ratio test. Logistic regression analysis of multiple loci was performed to account for linkage disequilibrium. Haplotype information was inferred using the expectation–maximisation algorithm (given HLA-C and HLA-B genotypes) and analysed similarly. Results The following HLA alleles were found to be significantly associated with patients with PsA compared to patients with PsC in multivariate regression analysis: B*08 (OR 1.61, p=0.009), B*27 (OR 5.17, p<0.0001), B*38 (OR 1.65, p=0.026) and C*06 (OR 0.58, p=0.0002). HLA-B*27, HLA-B*38 and HLA-C*06 frequencies were also significantly higher in patients with PsA than in healthy controls (B*27: OR 3.05, p<0.0001; B*38: OR 5.9, p<0.0001; HLA-C*06: OR 1.71, p<0.0001). The following haplotypes were independently associated with PsA compared to PsC: HLA-B*18-C*07 (OR 10.1, p=0.004), HLA-B*27-C*01 (OR 41.1, p<0.0001), HLA-B*27-C*02 (OR 19.9, p<0.0001), HLA-B*38-C*12 (OR 2.9, p=0.01), HLA-B*08-C*07 (OR 2.6, p=0.004) and HLA-B*57-C*06 (OR 0.5, p=0.03). Conclusions Certain HLA-B and HLA-C alleles confer susceptibility to PsA among patients with psoriasis and may be used to identify patients with PsC who may develop PsA.
Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson's Disease in an Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study.

BACKGROUND Associations between certain environmental and lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported in several studies, but information on these factors and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in South Asia, is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in an urban clinic-based study in Sri Lanka. METHODS In this case-control study, demographic and lifestyle factor data (including diet, coffee/tea drinking, smoking, alcohol status) was collected from an unselected cohort of PD patients and age and gender-matched controls attending clinics in Greater Colombo, Sri Lanka. Associations between lifestyle factors and PD status were assessed using Logistic Regression analysis, while links with age of PD onset were explored with Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression survival analyses. Results with p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. FINDINGS Of 229 patients with parkinsonism, 144 had Idiopathic PD using standard diagnostic criteria. Controls numbered 102. Coffee drinkers and smokers were significantly less likely to have PD (coffee, p<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR)=0.264; smoking, p=0.043; OR=0.394). Coffee drinkers were older at PD onset (p<0.001). Similar trends seen with tea drinking were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This is the first formal study of PD and these lifestyle factors in South Asia. It demonstrates an inverse association between coffee drinking, smoking and PD, and an association between coffee drinking and later age of PD onset. This is in line with other studies done worldwide, suggesting biological associations with global relevance.
Response of precipitation extremes to idealized global warming in an aqua-planet climate model: towards a robust projection across different horizontal resolutions

Current climate models produce quite heterogeneous projections for the responses of precipitation extremes to future climate change. To help understand the range of projections from multimodel ensembles, a series of idealized ‘aquaplanet’ Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) runs have been performed with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM3. These runs have been analysed to identify the effects of horizontal resolution on precipitation extreme projections under two simple global warming scenarios. We adopt the aquaplanet framework for our simulations to remove any sensitivity to the spatial resolution of external inputs and to focus on the roles of model physics and dynamics. Results show that a uniform increase of sea surface temperature (SST) and an increase of low-to-high latitude SST gradient both lead to increase of precipitation and precipitation extremes for most latitudes. The perturbed SSTs generally have stronger impacts on precipitation extremes than on mean precipitation. Horizontal model resolution strongly affects the global warming signals in the extreme precipitation in tropical and subtropical regions but not in high latitude regions. This study illustrates that the effects of horizontal resolution have to be taken into account to develop more robust projections of precipitation extremes.
MINSQ – a least squares spreadsheet method for calculating mineral proportions from whole rock major element analyses

MINSQ is a spreadsheet adaptation of the least squares method that utilizes the Solver tool in Microsoft Excel™ to quantitatively estimate the proportions of constituent minerals in rocks from whole rock lithogeochemical data. It is simple to use and easily and interactively adaptable to observed mineral or normative assemblages. The structure facilitates input of actual mineral analyses for individual rock samples. The spreadsheet format and the numerical Solver tool in Microsoft Excel™ put the user in a powerful position to adapt this method to a wide range of numerical problems in geochemistry.
Ambient point clouds for view interpolation

View interpolation and image-based rendering algorithms often produce visual artifacts in regions where the 3D scene geometry is erroneous, uncertain, or incomplete. We introduce ambient point clouds constructed from colored pixels with uncertain depth, which help reduce these artifacts while providing non-photorealistic background coloring and emphasizing reconstructed 3D geometry. Ambient point clouds are created by randomly sampling colored points along the viewing rays associated with uncertain pixels. Our real-time rendering system combines these with more traditional rigid 3D point clouds and colored surface meshes obtained using multiview stereo. Our resulting system can handle larger-range view transitions with fewer visible artifacts than previous approaches.
Content-based relevance estimation on the web using inter-document similarities

In adversarial and noisy search settings as the Web, the document-query surface level similarity can be a highly misleading relevance signal. Thus, devising content-based relevance estimation (ranking) approaches becomes highly challenging. We address this challenge using two methods that utilize inter-document similarities in an initially retrieved list. The first removes documents from the list that exhibit high query similarity, but for which there is insufficient additional support for relevance that is based on inter-document similarities. The method is based on a probabilistic model that decouples document-query similarities from relevance estimation. The second method re-ranks the list by "rewarding" documents that exhibit high similarity both to the query and to other documents in the list. Both methods incorporate, in addition, at the model level, query-independent document quality estimates. Extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates the merits of our methods.
Bank Capital: Lessons from the Financial Crisis

Using a multi-country panel of banks, the authors study whether better capitalized banks fared better in terms of stock returns during the financial crisis. They differentiate among various types of capital ratios: the Basel risk-adjusted ratio; the leverage ratio; the Tier I and Tier II ratios; and the common equity ratio. They find several results: (i) before the crisis, differences in capital did not affect subsequent stock returns; (ii) during the crisis, higher capital resulted in better stock performance, most markedly for larger banks and less well-capitalized banks; (iii) the relationship between stock returns and capital is stronger when capital is measured by the leverage ratio rather than the risk-adjusted capital ratio; (iv) there is evidence that higher quality forms of capital, such as Tier 1 capital, were more relevant. They also examine the relationship between bank capitalization and credit default swap (CDS) spreads.