Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Paclobutrazol under Different Levels of Nitrogen on Some Physiological Traits of Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

5 Abstract: The use of growth regulators in manipulation of growth physiology and development of grain yield to increase quantity and quality of grain is extensively expanding in many countries. To investigate the effects of paclobutrazol and nitrogen application rates on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids and soluble proteins contents in flag leaf (anthesis stage) of two wheat cultivars. Field experiments were conducted in Dezful region of Iran during period of 2009 to 2011. The experiment was carried out as a split plot design using randomized complete block design in triplicates. The main plots consisted of four nitrogen rates (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha) from urea with 46% N content. The sub-plots consisted of two cultivars of wheat (Star and Vee/Nac). The sub-plots consisted of four paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/l) which were foliar sprayed at stem elongation stage. The results indicated that increase in paclobutrazol concentrations significantly affected chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll (a+b); whereas no significant difference between paclobutrazol concentrations was detected for carotenoids content. Increasing of nitrogen rate application caused significantly increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content. Paclobutrazol and nitrogen application with increasing, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content increased. The maximum rate of these photosynthetic pigments were obtained from 150 mg/l paclobutrazol and 160 kg/ha nitrogen. Soluble proteins content increased with higher rates of the paclobutrazol and nitrogen application. Comparison of two wheat cultivars showed that star cultivar had more chlorophylls, carotenoids and soluble proteins content under paclobutrazol and nitrogen application than other cultivar. There was the highest positive correlation between chlorophyll a and soluble proteins content (r = 0.86). Besides, there was the lowest positive correlation between total chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids content (r = 0.69). It seems that the application of paclobutrazol led to absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant has increased. Therefore, wheat produced significant amount of photosynthetic pigments and soluble proteins content in star cultivar.
Restriction of sonic hedgehog signalling during early tooth development

The signalling peptide encoded by the sonic hedgehog gene is restricted to localised thickenings of oral epithelium, which mark the first morphological evidence of tooth development, and is known to play a crucial role during the initiation of odontogenesis. We show that at these stages in the murine mandibular arch in the absence of epithelium, the Shh targets Ptc1 and Gli1 are upregulated in diastema mesenchyme, an edentulous region between the sites of molar and incisor tooth formation. This ectopic expression is not associated with Shh transcription but with Shh protein, undetectable in the presence of epithelium. These findings suggest that, in diastema mesenchyme, restriction of Shh activity is dependent upon the overlying epithelium. This inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the ability of transplanted diastema epithelium to downregulate Ptc1 in tooth explants, and for isolated diastema mesenchyme to express Ptc1. A candidate inhibitor in diastema mesenchyme is the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked membrane glycoprotein Gas1. Gas1 is normally expressed throughout mandibular arch mesenchyme; however, in the absence of epithelium this expression was downregulated specifically in the diastema where ectopic Shh protein was identified. Although Shh signalling has no effect upon Gas1 expression in mandibular arch mesenchyme, overexpression of Gas1 results in downregulation of ectopic Ptc1. Therefore, control of the position of tooth initiation in the mandibular arch involves a combination of Shh signalling at sites where teeth are required and antagonism in regions destined to remain edentulous.
Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS): Interobserver reproducibility in cervical smears and corresponding thin-layer preparations.

Five panelists independently reviewed 135 consecutive conventional cervical smears (CPs) originally classified as atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS). A thin-layer slide (TP), prepared from the residual material, also was reviewed in each case. All patients underwent colposcopy that yielded at least 1 histologic specimen. Three or more of 5 reviewers retained the AGUS interpretation for 29% of CPs and 12% of the corresponding TPs. Interobserver variability infrequency of use of AGUS was marked, and interobserver agreement was poor. Agreement was improved for cases cytologically interpreted as a high-grade lesion, especially in TPs. Four of 5 reviewers retained the AGUS classification in CPs for all 7 biopsy-proven neoplastic glandular lesions. Of 95 CP interpretations made by 5 reviewers in the 19 histologically diagnosed high-grade lesions, 8 were "negative/reactive" and 6 were AGUS "favor reactive. " AGUS is a poorly reproducible cytologic interpretation. Although most neoplastic glandular lesions may be distinguished by cytopathologists experienced in this area from mimics originally considered AGUS, attempts to increase the diagnostic specificity of AGUS may diminish sensitivity for an underlying high-grade precursor. Interobserver agreement was better for TPs than for the corresponding CPs. However, the split-sample TP slides may not have been fully comparable to the CPs.
Doppler patterns in growth restricted foetuses: determinants and outcome in a tertiary hospital in South Kerala, India

Background: Foetal growth restriction refers to a condition in which the foetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. Doppler velocimetry in FGR not only decides the optimum time of delivery but also the optimum mode of delivery and so authors evaluated the Doppler patterns in growth restricted fetuses.Methods: Nested case-control study conducted among normal and abnormal Doppler groups at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the year 2017.Results: Among 82 growth restricted foetuses, 54 of them had normal Doppler patterns (65.85%) and 28 had abnormal Doppler patterns (34.15%). 13(46.5%) had umbilical S/D elevation,2 (7.14%) had AEDV,1(3.57%) with REDV and 12 (42.8%) with CPR<1. Mean maternal age was slightly higher in the abnormal Doppler group. FGR babies with abnormal velocity waveforms had shorter diagnosis to delivery interval than those with normal Doppler and decision for delivery was taken at a lower gestational age. (p value-0.001). Mothers of FGR babies with abnormal Doppler studies underwent emergency caesarean section for non-reassuring foetal heart patterns. (p value-0.001) The mean birth weight was higher (2201.80gm) in Doppler normal FGR and it was 1929.46grams in abnormal umbilical Doppler group and 1363.33gm in AREDV (pvalue-0.001). Growth restricted with normal Doppler had shorter NICU stays than with abnormalities (p value-0.003). Term FGR went home early than early preterm. (p value-0.001). Conclusions: Growth restricted foetuses with normal umbilical velocimetry are at a lower risk than those with abnormal velocimetry in terms of prolonged diagnosis-delivery interval and shorter NICU days. The need for neonatal resuscitation at birth was more in babies with abnormal Doppler velocimetry and absent diastole /reversed diastolic flow of umbilical artery velocimetry.
EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN DELAYING FLORETS SENESCENCE OF BROCCOLI DURING POST-HARVEST STORAGE

The rapid senescence is the main limiting factors of postharvest life in broccoli florets. In this study, effect of different concentration of ascorbic acid (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2 %) on increasing postharvest life of broccoli florets was investigated. The treated florets was placed in polyethylene bag and transferred to storage with 0°C and 20°C. The characteristics such as total chlorophyll, antioxidant capacity, total phenol and lipid peroxidation was determined during storage. The results showed that during low and high temperature storage, the total chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity content declined and lipid peroxidation increased. The greatest delay in chlorophyll degradation and florets senescence in broccoli during 0°C was found with 1.5 % ascorbic acid treatments that was followed the lowest lipid peroxidation and the highest antioxidant capacity. But broccoli florets treated with 0.5 % ascorbic acid was more efficacious than other concentration at 20°. Overall, ascorbic acid with retarding chlorophyll degradation delayed florets senescence.
Validation of the sea ice surface albedo scheme of the regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM using aircraft measurements during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns

Abstract. For large-scale and long-term Arctic climate simulations appropriate parameterization of the surface albedo is required. Therefore, the sea ice surface (SIS) albedo parameterization of the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM was examined against broadband surface albedo measurements performed during the joint ACLOUD (Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day) and PASCAL (Physical feedbacks of Arctic boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL) campaigns, which were performed in May–June 2017 north of Svalbard. The SIS albedo parameterization was tested using measured quantities of the prognostic variables surface temperature and snow depth to calculate the surface albedo and the individual fractions of the ice surface subtypes (snow-covered ice, bare ice, and melt ponds) derived from digital camera images taken on board the Polar 5 and 6 aircraft. The selected low-altitude (less than 100 m) flight sections of overall 12 flights were performed over surfaces dominated by snow-covered ice. It was found that the range of parameterized SIS albedo for individual days is smaller than that of the measurements. This was attributed to the biased functional dependence of the SIS albedo parameterization on temperature. Furthermore, a time-variable bias was observed with higher values compared to the modeled SIS albedo (0.88 compared to 0.84 for 29 May 2017) in the beginning of the campaign, and an opposite trend towards the end of the campaign (0.67 versus 0.83 for 25 June 2017). Furthermore, the surface type fraction parameterization was tested against the camera image product, which revealed an agreement within 1 %. An adjustment of the variables, defining the parameterized SIS albedo, and additionally accounting for the cloud cover could reduce the root-mean-squared error from 0.14 to 0.04 for cloud free/broken cloud situations and from 0.06 to 0.05 for overcast conditions.
The potential of virtual imaging in the understanding of normal and abnormal tusk structure in wild boar (Sus scrofa L.)

Results of non invasive virtual imaging of normal and altered wild boar tusks are presented. Pathologically altered tusk structure is presented for two pairs of mandibular canines that experienced different traumatic impacts and in one lower mandible with a complete loss of the right lower canine. Wild boar tusks represent a valuable material for dental pathologists due to their characteristic position and consequent predisposition to injury, their enormous reparative potential and the fact that they are collected and kept as trophies over extended periods of time. However, their value as trophy often limits the possibility of analysis of internal structural changes by destructive methods. In this situation, the use of non invasive methods can provide insights into the nature of pathological and reparation processes related to traumatic impacts on wild boar tusks.
Cidofovir: A Novel Antitumor Agent for Glioblastoma

Purpose: Cidofovir (CDV) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nucleoside antiviral agent used to treat severe human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Until now, no clear therapeutic effects of CDV have been reported outside of the setting of viral infection, including a potential role for CDV as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of brain tumors. Experimental Design: We investigated the cytotoxicity of CDV against the glioblastoma cells, U87MG and primary SF7796, both in vitro and in vivo, using an intracranial xenograft model. Standard techniques for cell culturing, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time PCR were employed. The survival of athymic mice (n = 8–10 per group) bearing glioblastoma tumors, treated with CDV alone or in combination with radiation, was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and evaluated with a two-sided log-rank test. Results: CDV possesses potent antineoplastic activity against HCMV-infected glioblastoma cells. This activity is associated with the inhibition of HCMV gene expression and with activation of cellular apoptosis. Surprisingly, we also determined that CDV induces glioblastoma cell death in the absence of HCMV infection. CDV is incorporated into tumor cell DNA, which promotes double-stranded DNA breaks and induces apoptosis. In the setting of ionizing radiotherapy, the standard of care for glioblastoma in humans, CDV augments radiation-induced DNA damage and, further, promotes tumor cell death. Combination therapy with CDV and radiotherapy significantly extended the survival of mice bearing intracranial glioblastoma tumors. Conclusion: We have identified a novel antiglioma property of the FDA-approved drug CDV, which heightens the cytotoxic effect of radiotherapy, the standard of care therapy for glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6473–83. ©2013 AACR.
Left atrial reduction in modified maze procedure with concomitant mitral surgery

Background An association between mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation is common. Modifications of energy sources have simplified surgical ablation. Left atrial size reduction should improve outcomes of the maze operation. Methods Between 2004 and 2011, 236 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease underwent mitral valve surgery and modified biatrial radiofrequency ablation. The study evaluated cardiac rhythm, atrial size, atrial contractility, and survival. Results The mitral valve was repaired in 88 (37.3%) patients and replaced in 148 (62.7%). The left atrium was reduced in 192 (81.4%) patients: 31 (13.1%) had posterior wall reduction and 161 (68.2%) had right lateral and posterior wall resection. The 30-day mortality was 4.2% (10/236). The median follow-up was 41 months. Actuarial freedom from atrial fibrillation at 1 year and last follow-up was 87.7% and 84.9%, respectively. Predictors of recurrence were preoperative left atrial diameter >60 mm (p = 0.002), postoperative diameter >50 mm (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation on day 7 (p < 0.001), and technique of reduction (posterolateral/posterior) in patients with atrial size >60 mm (p = 0.017). Atrial fibrillation during follow-up (p = 0.002) and age >60 years (p = 0.003) were significant predictors of poorer survival. During 5-year follow-up, non-atrial fibrillation patients survived significantly longer than atrial fibrillation patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation is an effective option for treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation concomitant with mitral valve surgery. Atrial reduction to <50 mm improves success. Elimination of atrial fibrillation significantly prolongs patient survival.
Explicit reconstruction in quantum cohomology and K-theory

Cohomological genus-0 Gromov-Witten invariants of a given target space can be encoded by the "descendant potential," a generating function defined on the space of power series in one variable with coefficients in the cohomology space of the target. Replacing the coefficient space with the subspace multiplicatively generated by degree-2 classes, we explicitly reconstruct the graph of the differential of the restricted generating function from one point on it. Using the Quantum Hirzebruch--Riemann--Roch Theorem from our joint work with Valentin Tonita, we derive a similar reconstruction formula in genus-0 quantum K-theory. The results amplify the role of the divisor equations, and the structures of $D$-modules and $D_q$-modules in quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory with respect to Novikov's variables.
Depth-from-defocus: blur equalization technique

A new spatial-domain Blur Equalization Technique (BET) is presented. BET is based on Depth-from-Defocus (DFD) technique. It relies on equalizing the blur or defocus of two different images recorded with different camera parameters. Also, BET facilitates modeling of images locally by higher order polynomials with lower series truncation errors. The accuracy of BET is further enhanced by discarding pixels with low Signal-to-Noise ratio by thresholding image Laplacians, and relying more on sharper of the two blurred images in estimating the blur parameters. BET is found to be superior to some of the best comparable DFD techniques in a large number of both simulation and actual experiments. Actual experiments used a large variety of objects including very low contrast digital camera test charts located at many different distances. In autofocusing experiments, BET gave an RMS error of 1.2% in lens position.
Studying the Use of Interactive Multilingual Information Retrieval

talk as if information retrieval systems were machines, but in reality the "systems" that we use to retrieve information are synergistic combinations of collections, machines, and processes that people use to search the collection(s) using the machine(s). Model-based evaluations such as those pioneered at Cranfield and now used in TREC, CLEF, and SIGIR focus on some functions of the machine (in particular, how best to build ranked lists). This paper expands that focus to examine what we have learned about the processes by which those machines will be used to perform Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), concluding with a brief description of how that perspective informs the nature of our research in DARPA's new GALE program.
DNA stabilization at the Bacillus subtilis PolX core—a binding model to coordinate polymerase, AP-endonuclease and 3′-5′ exonuclease activities

Family X DNA polymerases (PolXs) are involved in DNA repair. Their binding to gapped DNAs relies on two conserved helix-hairpin-helix motifs, one located at the 8-kDa domain and the other at the fingers subdomain. Bacterial/archaeal PolXs have a specifically conserved third helix-hairpin-helix motif (GFGxK) at the fingers subdomain whose putative role in DNA binding had not been established. Here, mutagenesis at the corresponding residues of Bacillus subtilis PolX (PolXBs), Gly130, Gly132 and Lys134 produced enzymes with altered DNA binding properties affecting the three enzymatic activities of the protein: polymerization, located at the PolX core, 3′-5′ exonucleolysis and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonucleolysis, placed at the so-called polymerase and histidinol phosphatase domain. Furthermore, we have changed Lys192 of PolXBs, a residue moderately conserved in the palm subdomain of bacterial PolXs and immediately preceding two catalytic aspartates of the polymerization reaction. The results point to a function of residue Lys192 in guaranteeing the right orientation of the DNA substrates at the polymerization and histidinol phosphatase active sites. The results presented here and the recently solved structures of other bacterial PolX ternary complexes lead us to propose a structural model to account for the appropriate coordination of the different catalytic activities of bacterial PolXs.
Adaptive Modulation for MIMO Multiplexing under Average BER Constraints and Imperfect CSI

Adaptive modulation schemes for fading channels are usually required to fulfill certain long-term average BER targets. However, for simplicity and mathematical tractability, these schemes are often designed by fixing the short-term instantaneous BER to the target value. In this paper, the analysis and design of variable-rate variable-power QAM schemes with average BER constraints are tackled for MIMO multiplexing with imperfect CSI. The SISO system is considered as a special case of these more general results. Approximate closed-form policies are derived for continuous rate and power adaptation which are compared to the fully discrete policies. Our results indicate that MIMO multiplexing is much more sensitive to imperfect CSI than MIMO beamforming due to the self-interference that arises from channel coupling. In particular, if interference between eigenchannels is large, MIMO multiplexing should utilize only one of its eigenchannels, in which case all multiplexing gain is lost.
Venous Thromboembolism Does Not Share Strong Familial Susceptibility With Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide Family Study in Sweden

Background— Coagulation allelic variants associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This nationwide study aimed at determining whether VTE shares familial susceptibility with ischemic stroke. Method and Results— The Swedish Multigeneration Register of 0- to 75-year-old subjects was linked to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register for the period 1987 to 2007. Odds ratios (ORs) for VTE and ischemic stroke were determined in 2 ways: odds of ischemic stroke in offspring whose parents had been diagnosed with VTE, and odds of VTE in offspring whose parents had been diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The analyses were repeated for siblings and spouses. Offspring of parents with VTE (n=25 929) were at increased risk for ischemic stroke (n=5595): OR, 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.14). Siblings of probands with VTE (n=45 132) had no increased risk of ischemic stroke (n=1716): OR, 1.05 (95% CI, 1.00–1.11). Spouses of probands with VTE (n=24 106) were at increased risk for ischemic stroke (n=940): OR, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.10–1.27). The risks for VTE in relatives of probands with ischemic stroke were OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10–1.21 (offspring); OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12 (siblings); and OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11–1.32 (spouses). Conclusions— VTE does not share strong familial susceptibility with ischemic stroke in the Swedish population. Moreover, familial nongenetic factors contribute to the observed weak familial associations. The present study suggests that it is unlikely that strong shared disease-causing mutations exist to a large extent in the Swedish population.