Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the syntax of sentences-in-progress

ABSTRACT This article describes how it could be possible for two participants engaged in conversation to jointly produce a single syntactic unit such as a sentence. From an inspection of sentence types that are achieved through such joint production, it was determined that participants have available a single utterance construction format. This format, the compound turn-constructional unit format, may be a component of a socially construed syntax-for-conversation. It can be constituted by a wide range of interactionally relevant features of talk in interaction that reveal an emerging utterance as a multiple component turn-constructional unit. The compound turn-constructional unit format is primarily a resource for turn-taking. It can be used to project the next proper place for speaker change. However, it concomitantly provides the resources needed to complete the utterance-in-progress of another participant, thus allowing for the construction of a single sentence across the talk of two speakers. (Conversation, interaction, recognizable activity)
Comorbidity Survey Replication ( NCS-R ) The associations of migraines and other headaches with work performance : Results from the National

It is unknown if comorbid conditions account for the association between migraines and work performance. This issue was investigated in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (n1⁄4 9282). Twelve-month severe or persistent migraines and other headaches were assessed with comorbid 12-month mental and physical disorders using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Work performance was assessed using the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Significant associations of these conditions with work disability disappeared with controls for comorbid disorders, but severe or persistent migraines continued to predict work loss days even with controls. Individual-level and societal-level annual human capital values were $1165 and $9.3 billion for this subset of migraines. Roughly 20% of these associations were due to comorbidity, 60% to direct effects and 20% to indirect effects through temporally secondary comorbidities. These strong associations suggest that workplace interventions for severe or persistent migraines might have a positive return-on-investment for employers.
Cross‐National Gender Gaps in Educational Expectations: The Influence of National‐Level Gender Ideology and Educational Systems

In recent decades, a dramatic shift has occurred in higher education throughout much of the industrialized world. For the first time in history, women are completing more education than men. Through the 1970s, women lagged behind men in the number of tertiary degrees completed in most nations. Since the 1980s, women have begun to reach parity with men and, in many cases, surpassed men in terms of their educational attainment. Today, out of the 30 member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), women comprise 53 percent of tertiary students, surpassing men in all but five countries: Germany, Japan, Korea, Switzerland, and Turkey (UNESCO 2005; see fig. 1). Most striking about these changes is that they are occurring across a large number of countries. This increasingly upward shift in women’s educational status will no doubt cause further transformations in these societies and have large implications for gender stratification worldwide. Research has begun to focus on women’s advantage in tertiary education in the United States (Buchmann and DiPrete 2006; DiPrete and Buchmann 2006), but it is important to remember that women’s growing share of tertiary completion does not indicate complete gender equality within education or in other arenas. College majors remain highly sex segregated, with women enrolled in fields of study that earn less money than men (Jacobs 1999; Charles and Grusky 2004). Women still lag behind men in terms of financial returns to education, labor market participation, and representation in politics (Paxton and Kunovich 2003; Pettit and Hook 2005; Bobbitt-Zeher 2007). Given the many arenas in which men continue to experience an advantage, it is especially important to study education, the one area in which women have reached parity with—and in many countries surpassed—men. Women’s increasing success in tertiary completion could influence future gender in-
From Credit to Collective Action: The Role of Microfinance in Promoting Women's Social Capital and Normative Influence

Can economic ties positively influence social relations and actions? If so, how does this influence operate? Microfinance programs, which provide credit through a group-based lending strategy, provide the ideal setting for exploring these questions. This article examines whether structuring socially isolated women into peer-groups for an explicitly economic purpose, such as access to credit, has any effect on the women's collective social behavior. Based on interviews with 400 women from 59 microfinance groups in West Bengal, India, I find that one third of these groups undertook various collective actions. Improvements in women's social capital and normative influence fostered this capacity for collective action. Several factors contributed to these transformations, including economic ties among members, the structure of the group network, and women's participation in group meetings. Based on these findings, I argue that microfinance groups have the potential to promote women's social capital and normative influence, thereby facilitating women's collective empowerment. I conclude by discussing the need for refining our understanding of social capital and social ties that promote normative influence.
Up‐regulation of CD44 and ICAM‐1 expression on gastric epithelial cells by H. pylori

Interaction between lymphocytes and epithelial cells may play a key role in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐associated gastric mucosal inflammation. This interaction process is at least partially mediated by various cell adhesion molecules. The aims of the present study were to assess using flow cytometric analysis whether H. pylori directly or supernatants from H. pylori‐activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can affect the expression of adhesion molecules on the gastric epithelial cell line AGS in vitro. The results showed that resting AGS cells expressed CD44 and ICAM‐1. Co‐culture of AGS with H. pylori or cytokine‐rich supernatants from H. pylori‐activated PBMC resulted in up‐regulation of expression of CD44 and ICAM‐1 on AGS cells. These data suggest that H. pylori directly and indirectly through inflammatory cytokines may contribute to alternations in adhesion molecule expression on gastric epithelial cells. This may be of pathological significance in H. pylori‐associated gastric mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis.
Impact of commissioner background on FCC decisions: 1962–1975

The author, a member of the information sciences faculty at Illinois State University (Bloomington), here provides an update to Lichty's classic two‐part analysis of FRC and FCC Commissioner backgrounds, published here nearly 15 years ago. He notes that many of the trends noted by Lichty have continued in more recent years, especially the importance of politics in initial appointment to the FCC.
Rapid Fading Due to Human Blockage in Pedestrian Crowds at 5G Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Rapidly fading channels caused by pedestrians in dense urban environments will have a significant impact on millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications systems that employ electrically-steerable and narrow beamwidth antenna arrays. A peer- to-peer (P2P) measurement campaign was conducted with 7º, 15º, and 60º half- power beamwidth (HPBW) antenna pairs at 73.5 GHz and with 1 GHz of RF null-to-null bandwidth in a heavily populated open square scenario in Brooklyn, New York, to study blockage events caused by typical pedestrian traffic. Antenna beamwidths that range approximately an order of magnitude were selected to gain knowledge of fading events for antennas with different beamwidths since antenna patterns for mmWave systems will be electronically-adjustable. Two simple modeling approaches in the literature are introduced to characterize the blockage events by either a two-state Markov model or a four-state piecewise linear modeling approach. Transition probability rates are determined from the measurements and it is shown that average fade durations with a -5 dB threshold are 299.0 ms for 7º HPBW antennas and 260.2 ms for 60º HPBW antennas. The four-state piecewise linear modeling approach shows that signal strength decay and rise times are asymmetric for blockage events and that mean signal attenuations (average fade depths) are inversely proportional to antenna HPBW, where 7º and 60º HPBW antennas resulted in mean signal fades of 15.8 dB and 11.5 dB, respectively. The models presented herein are valuable for extending statistical channel models at mmWave to accurately simulate real- world pedestrian blockage events when designing fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems.
Item Interference and Time Delays in Working Memory: Immediate Serial Recall

Limitations on immediate recall span have been related by some to temporal limitations of an articulatory rehearsal loop (Baddeley, 1986), and by others to retroactive interference from subsequent items (Lewandowsky & Murdock, 1989; Neath & Nairne, 1995). In the current study, the number of intervening items and retention delays were partially decoupled by varying presentation rate and materials sets. Recently, memory span effects often attributed to temporal limits in rehearsal were shown to be directly related to the output delays during the act of recall (Dosher & Ma, 1998). A functional model of working memory provides a framework within which to evaluate the relative contributions of item interference and retention delays in the accuracy of recall at each serial position. Output delays during recall and interference from items during study were the primary factors in limiting recall, with small additional effects of time delays during study. Les limites de l'empan, en rappel immediat, ont ete reliees.
Young Voters' Responses to the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election: Social Identity, Perceived Media Influence, and Behavioral Outcomes

Hostile news perceptions, perceived media influence, and behavioral outcomes among Republicans and Democrats were examined before and after the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Predictions were grounded in social identity/self-categorization theories, and influence of presumed influence. Hostile news perceptions were greater among Republicans, especially Fox News viewers. Third-person perceptions (TPPs) for ingroup and outgroup (own party, other party) varied based on media message (debates, news, spin, polls, comedy) and party affiliation. TPPs were larger for the outgroup than the ingroup, but only for Republicans. Following the election, changes in media perceptions were related to the election outcome and interpersonal discussion. Greater perceived influence on outgroup voters was associated with stronger support for censorship, and a lower voting likelihood among Democrats.
The Form of Children's Early Signs: Iconic or Motoric Determinants?

The two major language modalities—the visual-gestural modality of sign and the oral-aural modality of speech—offer different resources to the infant word learner and impose differing constraints on the infant's production of lexical items. For example, the attraction of iconicity to signing children could be such that their errors would reveal little role for biomechanical factors analogous to those that constrain early speech production. The earliest ASL signs of four deaf infants, aged 8 to 17 months, are examined. Three studies of a corpus of 632 early sign tokens are reported. The first study examined the effects of children's errors on the iconicity of the target signs. Children's signs were—with few exceptions—judged to be either as iconic (or noniconic) as the adult model or to be less iconic than the adult model. The second and third studies examined two independently-attested tendencies from general motor development: in many motor domains (including speech), infants exhibit repetitive movement patterns; infants may also proximalize movement vis-à-vis what would be expected from adults. Both tendencies are shown to predict error patterns found in the early sign data.
Analyzing divorce from cultural and network approaches

Abstract Because of the high divorce rate and subsequent outpouring of research on divorce in the United States and other Westernized countries, divorce is often framed from an individualistic perspective as a process that is negotiated between two individuals – as ‘his and her divorce. ’A primary assumption is that the spouses negotiate what is best for them and their children, seemingly irrespective of extended kin or culture. This study provides a more complex understanding of the role of culture in the divorce process by examining divorce from culture and network theory approaches. Interviews with 60 Mexican Americans who experienced divorce are combined with the extant literature to illustrate how culture and social networks shape divorce decisions and behaviors. Five themes surfaced from the interviews: (1) power differentials and gender roles, (2) female collective empowerment, (3) social capital, network density, and family members as stakeholders, (4) family members as bridges of structural holes and (5) religion as culture and law.
Influence of l-dopa and pramipexole on striatal dopamine transporter in early PD

Background: Animal data indicate that chronic exposure to dopaminergic drugs can alter levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT), which is critically involved in regulation of synaptic dopamine levels. DAT changes could influence the response to therapy in PD. Methods: A randomized, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in subjects with early PD to determine whether l-dopa or pramipexole might regulate striatal DAT binding as measured by PET with [11C]RTI-32. Thirty clinically asymmetrical patients were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of l-dopa (300/75 mg/d), pramipexole (1.5 mg/d), or placebo; PET studies were performed before and after treatment. Results: Mean interval change in DAT binding was significantly reduced by 16% to 22% in all striatal regions (caudate, anterior and posterior putamen) of the l-dopa–treated patients, whereas significant changes in the pramipexole-treated patients were limited to the contralateral caudate (−15%), ipsilateral anterior putamen (−14%), and posterior putamen (−20%). In the placebo group there were significant changes in contralateral caudate (−11%) and ipsilateral anterior putamen (−12%). l-dopa and pramipexole produced similar clinical benefit. Conclusions: Short-term therapy with l-dopa and, to a lesser extent, pramipexole can modestly down-regulate striatal DAT in patients with early PD. Decreased striatal DAT could increase dopaminergic neurotransmission with potential benefit, but might also play a role in the development of dopamine-related response fluctuations in patients with advanced disease. Our data also suggest caution in interpretation of longitudinal imaging studies employing DAT to assess disease progression and the efficacy of neuroprotective agents.
Bias-Aware Sketches

Linear sketching algorithms have been widely used for processing large-scale distributed and streaming datasets. Their popularity is largely due to the fact that linear sketches can be naturally composed in the distributed model and be efficiently updated in the streaming model. The errors of linear sketches are typically expressed in terms of the sum of coordinates of the input vector excluding those largest ones, or, the mass on the tail of the vector. Thus, the precondition for these algorithms to perform well is that the mass on the tail is small, which is, however, not always the case - in many real-world datasets the coordinates of the input vector have a bias, which will generate a large mass on the tail. In this paper we propose linear sketches that are bias- aware. We rigorously prove that they achieve strictly better error guarantees than the corresponding existing sketches, and demonstrate their practicality and superiority via an extensive experimental evaluation on both real and synthetic datasets.
GreenHadoop: leveraging green energy in data-processing frameworks

Interest has been growing in powering datacenters (at least partially) with renewable or "green" sources of energy, such as solar or wind. However, it is challenging to use these sources because, unlike the "brown" (carbon-intensive) energy drawn from the electrical grid, they are not always available. This means that energy demand and supply must be matched, if we are to take full advantage of the green energy to minimize brown energy consumption. In this paper, we investigate how to manage a datacenter's computational workload to match the green energy supply. In particular, we consider data-processing frameworks, in which many background computations can be delayed by a bounded amount of time. We propose GreenHadoop, a MapReduce framework for a datacenter powered by a photovoltaic solar array and the electrical grid (as a backup). GreenHadoop predicts the amount of solar energy that will be available in the near future, and schedules the MapReduce jobs to maximize the green energy consumption within the jobs' time bounds. If brown energy must be used to avoid time bound violations, GreenHadoop selects times when brown energy is cheap, while also managing the cost of peak brown power consumption. Our experimental results demonstrate that GreenHadoop can significantly increase green energy consumption and decrease electricity cost, compared to Hadoop.
Behavioral Summarized Evaluation: An Assessment Tool to Enhance Multidisciplinary and Parent-Professional Collaborations in Assessing Symptoms of Autism

The Behavioral Summarized Evaluation (BSE) was developed by Barthelemy and colleagues (Barthelemy et al., 1990; Barthelemy et al., 1997) for professionals and paraprofessionals to assess autism symptom severity over the course of treatment. The purpose of this article is to review empirical literature examining the utility of this psychometric instrument in research and clinical practice, with an emphasis on the instrument's potential to enhance multidisciplinary collaboration and parent-professional collaborations. This article is organized into 4 interrelated sections. The first section provides a brief description of the BSE. In the second section, research on the psychometric properties of the BSE is reviewed, including (a) reliability (i.e., interrater reliability, inter-item consistency, and temporal stability) and (b) validity (i.e., factorial composition, convergent validity, sensitivity to treatment effects, and criterion-related validity). In the third section, recommendations for future BSE validation research are delineated. The final section discusses clinical implications.
Women and economic statecraft: The negative impact international economic sanctions visit on women

Though it is widely accepted that advancing women’s rights is crucial to promoting more economic prosperity, good governance, and social equality, very few studies have analyzed the gender-specific effects of foreign policy tools. In this study, we focus on the impact that a frequently used coercive tool — international economic sanctions — has on women’s well-being. Sanctions can have a devastating impact on both the target country’s economic and political stability, and women often suffer significantly from the effects of such external shocks due to their vulnerable socioeconomic and political status. We thus argue that foreign economic pressures will reduce the level of respect for women’s rights in the targeted countries. We use four different measures of women’s economic, political, and social status to analyze the gender-specific consequences of economic coercion. Results from the analysis for the period 1971–2005 indicate that sanctions are likely to exacerbate women’s rights. The data analysis also shows that the suggested negative impact of economic coercion on women’s well-being is conditioned by the wealth of a targeted country; women in poor countries are hit the hardest by economic sanctions.
The Effects of Empowerment on Employee Psychological Outcomes in Upscale Hotels

Empowerment is considered to be the right of individuals to make decisions and solve problems by themselves. Existing literature indicates four empowerment components: meaning, impact, competence, and self-determination. This article focuses on the role of empowerment on one's psychological responses (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job dedication, and turnover intention). The impact of organizational commitment as a mediator is also examined in an Asian hotel setting. Data obtained from a sample of 200 respondents from upscale hotels in Busan, Korea were analyzed with SPSS for Windows, Version 11.0. The results of regression equations supported eight hypothesized relationships among study constructs. Specifically, analyses confirmed that meaning is a main subfactor in forming job satisfaction, demonstrated moral commitment explained much in forming job dedication and affective commitment played a critical role in decreasing employees’ turnover intention. Functions of affective commitment and moral commitment have been made clear: affective commitment contributed relatively more to decreasing turnover intention and moral commitment makes employees exhibit less job dedication. Therefore, managers should consider allocating more resources to the implementation of empowerment programs.
MuCaLe-Net: Multi Categorical-Level Networks to Generate More Discriminating Features

In a transfer-learning scheme, the intermediate layers of a pre-trained CNN are employed as universal image representation to tackle many visual classification problems. The current trend to generate such representation is to learn a CNN on a large set of images labeled among the most specific categories. Such processes ignore potential relations between categories, as well as the categorical-levels used by humans to classify. In this paper, we propose Multi Categorical-Level Networks (MuCaLe-Net) that include human-categorization knowledge into the CNN learning process. A MuCaLe-Net separates generic categories from each other while it independently distinguishes specific ones. It thereby generates different features in the intermediate layers that are complementary when combined together. Advantageously, our method does not require additive data nor annotation to train the network. The extensive experiments over four publicly available benchmarks of image classification exhibit state-of-the-art performances.