Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Gender and Emotional Intelligence

The article reviews empirical studies which emphasized on the relation between gender and emotional intelligence. Emotional quotient (EQ) is a set of abilities such as conception, emotion appraisal and expression, emotion management and regulation and emotion utilization of emotion. As emotional intelligence is acquisitive and of social origin, parents and children thus expose their emotions in an expressive way to one another, either consciously or unconsciously in their interactions. It seems that further to individual differences of boy and girl, the expectations of society and people around, especially parents, are different in terms of children's sexuality. Culturally, girls are mostly expected to be more expressive of feelings, whereas abstaining from feelings expression in boys is strengthened as a manly model. The research showed that emotional intelligence is meaningful associated with gender differences. The article is divided into several sections. The review is started with the definition of emotional intelligence and this is followed by a review on the emotional intelligence, as well as the effects and interaction of gender differences. Then, an overview of the paper is included a demonstration of the influence of gender differences on emotional intelligence is also given. Finally, as conclusion it is important to realize that girls are higher than boys in emotional intelligence, but high emotional intelligence in boys is a better predictor for achievement.
Rhoptry Proteins ROP5 and ROP18 Are Major Murine Virulence Factors in Genetically Divergent South American Strains of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii has evolved a number of strategies to evade immune responses in its many hosts. Previous genetic mapping of crosses between clonal type 1, 2, and 3 strains of T. gondii, which are prevalent in Europe and North America, identified two rhoptry proteins, ROP5 and ROP18, that function together to block innate immune mechanisms activated by interferon gamma (IFNg) in murine hosts. However, the contribution of these and other virulence factors in more genetically divergent South American strains is unknown. Here we utilized a cross between the intermediately virulent North American type 2 ME49 strain and the highly virulent South American type 10 VAND strain to map the genetic basis for differences in virulence in the mouse. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this new cross identified one peak that spanned the ROP5 locus on chromosome XII. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of all copies of ROP5 in the VAND strain rendered it avirulent and complementation confirmed that ROP5 is the major virulence factor accounting for differences between type 2 and type 10 strains. To extend these observations to other virulent South American strains representing distinct genetic populations, we knocked out ROP5 in type 8 TgCtBr5 and type 4 TgCtBr18 strains, resulting in complete loss of virulence in both backgrounds. Consistent with this, polymorphisms that show strong signatures of positive selection in ROP5 were shown to correspond to regions known to interface with host immunity factors. Because ROP5 and ROP18 function together to resist innate immune mechanisms, and a significant interaction between them was identified in a two-locus scan, we also assessed the role of ROP18 in the virulence of South American strains. Deletion of ROP18 in South American type 4, 8, and 10 strains resulted in complete attenuation in contrast to a partial loss of virulence seen for ROP18 knockouts in previously described type 1 parasites. These data show that ROP5 and ROP18 are conserved virulence factors in genetically diverse strains from North and South America, suggesting they evolved to resist innate immune defenses in ancestral T. gondii strains, and they have subsequently diversified under positive selection.
A new methodology of extraction, optimization and application of crisp and fuzzy logical rules

A new methodology of extraction, optimization, and application of sets of logical rules is described. Neural networks are used for initial rule extraction, local or global minimization procedures for optimization, and Gaussian uncertainties of measurements are assumed during application of logical rules. Algorithms for extraction of logical rules from data with real-valued features require determination of linguistic variables or membership functions. Contest-dependent membership functions for crisp and fuzzy linguistic variables are introduced and methods of their determination described. Several neural and machine learning methods of logical rule extraction generating initial rules are described, based on constrained multilayer perceptron, networks with localized transfer functions or on separability criteria for determination of linguistic variables. A tradeoff between accuracy/simplicity is explored at the rule extraction stage and between rejection/error level at the optimization stage. Gaussian uncertainties of measurements are assumed during application of crisp logical rules, leading to "soft trapezoidal" membership functions and allowing to optimize the linguistic variables using gradient procedures. Numerous applications of this methodology to benchmark and real-life problems are reported and very simple crisp logical rules for many datasets provided.
Bay 61-3606 Sensitizes TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Downregulating Mcl-1 in Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer cells generally develop resistance to TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and, therefore, assistance from sensitizers is required. In our study, we have demonstrated that Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor Bay 61–3606 was identified as a TRAIL sensitizer. Amplification of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by Bay 61–3606 was accompanied by the strong activation of Bak, caspases, and DNA fragmentation. In mechanism of action, Bay 61–3606 sensitized cells to TRAIL via two mechanisms regulating myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (Mcl-1). First, Bay 61–3606 triggered ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Mcl-1 by regulating Mcl-1 phosphorylation. Second, Bay 61–3606 downregulates Mcl-1 expression at the transcription level. In this context, Bay 61–3606 acted as an inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 9 rather than Syk. In summary, Bay 61–3606 downregulates Mcl-1 expression in breast cancer cells and sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
Modeling quantum cascade lasers by multilayer perceptrons

This study presents the computer aided design (CAD) of type-I quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). QCLs have critical quantities named modal gain, differential refractive index change and the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF, ¿ parameter). Each of these quantities requires lengthy mathematical calculations using different theories and assumptions. The single model is based Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLPs) approach which decreases the computational time with accurate values. MLPs are trained and tested with different learning algorithms and different network configurations in order to get an accurate model. The results are in very good agreement with the previously published results.
Falcaria vulgaris extract attenuates diabetes–induced kidney injury in rats

Objective: To assess the effects of Falcaria vulgaris (F. vulgaris) as an antioxidant on damage to kidney of diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were established via streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Various doses of F. vulgaris extracts (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and streptozotocin + F. vulgaris extracts were administered via intraperitoneal (i.p) injection to 48 rats (n=8 per group) for 28 d. Subsequently, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of renal tissue, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, blood glucose concentrations, insulin, nitrite oxide, the weight of animals, glomeruli characteristics and kidney function were evaluated. Results: Compared with the control rats, diabetic rats showed significant increase in malondialdehyde, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood glucose, nitrite oxide contents in renal tissues, and glomerular diameter. Furthermore, tissue FRAP level, body weight, number of glomeruli and plasma insulin were markedly reduced in diabetic rats when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, in all F. vulgaris and F. vulgaris + streptozotocin groups, malondialdehyde level, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glomerular diameter, nitrite oxide, and glucose levels were decreased significantly; meanwhile, tissue FRAP level, body weight, glomeruli number and insulin serum level were increased, compared to the control diabetic group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: F. vulgaris extract alleviates renal damage in diabetic rats.
Turbidity Tolerances of Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Fishes

Abstract Despite recent interest in assessing the condition of fish assemblages in Great Lakes coastal wetlands and a concern for increasing turbidity as a major stressor pathway influencing these ecosystems, there is little information on fish tolerance or intolerance to turbidity on which to base wetland assessment metrics. Existing studies have borrowed tolerance designations from the stream literature, but they have not confirmed that the designations apply to Great Lakes wetlands or that designations based on tolerance to degradation in general apply to turbidity in particular. We used a published graphical method to determine turbidity tolerances of Great Lakes fishes based on their pattern of occurrence and relative abundance across coastal wetlands spanning a turbidity gradient. Fish composition data were obtained from fyke-net and electrofishing surveys of 75 wetlands along the U.S. shoreline of the Laurentian Great Lakes, representing a turbidity range of approximately 0–110 nephelometric turbid.
Prediction of stock price analyzing the online financial news using Naive Bayes classifier and local economic trends

Market and stock exchange news are special messages containing mainly economical and political information. This paper represents data mining algorithms which has been tested on this available information to learn useful trends about the behaviour of the stock markets. The learned trend holds the key to interpret the present and predict the next stock price. This resented work uses Naïve Bayes Algorithm to classify text news related to FTSE100 given on these mentioned websites and the classifier is trained to learn the movement in the stock price (up or down) from the news articles in the web pages of that day. Several heuristics are being used to remove irrelevant parts of the text to get a reasonable performance. This model had demonstrated a statistically significant performance in predicting stock prices compared to other previously developed methods.
Incidence and severity of acute adverse reactions to four different gadolinium-based MR contrast agents.

PURPOSE Differences in acute adverse reactions to different gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents have not been thoroughly evaluated. We investigated the relationships among the incidence and severity of acute adverse reactions, backgrounds of patients, and 4 types of different Gd-based contrast agents (gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadoteridol, gadoterate meglumine, and gadoxetate disodium). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the radiological records of 10,595 consecutive patients (4,343 female; 6,252 male; mean age, 63.8 ± 14.0 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging between August 2006 and March 2011. Adverse reactions were classified as mild, moderate, and severe according to the definition of the American College of Radiology. The incidence of adverse reactions were compared on the basis of clinical characteristics and type, dose, and delivery methods of contrast agents by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The incidence of overall reactions was 0.45% (48/10,595); 45 reactions were mild and three were moderate. No severe reactions were observed. Although the incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between male and female patients, younger individuals were at higher risk for acute adverse reactions. The contrast injection rate and contrast dose were not significantly related to the incidence of adverse reactions. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher for gadoxetate disodium (0.82%) than gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.43%). CONCLUSION The incidence of acute adverse reactions elicited by Gd-based contrast agents injection was only 0.45%. Younger age was a risk factor for acute reactions. All 4 agents were found to be safe, although gadoxetate disodium showed a relatively higher incidence of adverse reactions.
Internal Shearing within the Hearing Organ Evoked by Basilar Membrane Motion

The vibration of the hearing organ that occurs during sound stimulation is based on mechanical interactions between different cellular structures inside the organ of Corti. The exact nature of these interactions is unclear and subject to debate. In this study, dynamic structural changes were produced by stepwise alterations of scala tympani pressure in an in vitro preparation of the guinea pig temporal bone. Confocal images were acquired at each level of pressure. In this way, the motion of several structures could be observed simultaneously with high resolution in a nearly intact system. Images were analyzed using a novel wavelet-based optical flow estimation algorithm. Under these conditions, the reticular lamina moved as a stiff plate with a center of rotation in the region of the inner hair cells. Despite being enclosed in several types of supporting cells, the inner hair cells, together with the adjacent inner pillar cells, moved in a manner signifying high compliance. The outer hair cells displayed radial motion indicative of cellular bending. Together, these results show that shearing motion occurs between several parts of the organ, and that structural relationships within the organ change dynamically during displacement of the basilar membrane.
Psychiatric Disorders and Socio-demographic Characteristics in Children Intended to Get Married at a Young Age

Objective: The aim of the study was to psychiatrically eva-luate children who brought to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic for a forensic evaluation and asked by the courts whether they were ready to marry mentally and physically. Moreover, the determination of factors related to the intention to get these children married at a early age and the examination of socio-demographic characteristics are among the other aims. Method: 54 children who were asked by the courts whether they were ready to marry mentally and physically were included in the study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version scale was applied. Additionally, WISC-R intelligence test was applied and a socio-demographic data form was filled. Results: 98.1 % (n=53) of the children intended to get married consisted of females. There was at least one psychiatric disorder in 27.8 % (n=15) of these children. When the children were brought to a forensic evaluation, 63% of them stated that they were married with religious marriage and 18% of them stated that they were engaged. 44% of those married with religouos marriage had children or were pregnant. Almost all children did not attend school (98.1 %). The educational level of the parents in these families, most of which were determined to have a low socioeconomic level, was considerably low. Discussion: The low level of education and socio-cultural level are considered to be among important factors related to marrying children at a young age. Children got married at a young age are devoid of many rights with education being in the first place and they may face situations such as being pregnant and having children before completing their cognitive and psychosocial development.
Segregation of receptor–ligand complexes in cell adhesion zones: phase diagrams and the role of thermal membrane roughness

The adhesion zone of immune cells, the ‘immunological synapse’, exhibits characteristic domains of receptor–ligand complexes. The domain formation is probably caused by a length difference of the receptor–ligand complexes, and has been investigated in experiments in which T cells adhere to supported membranes with anchored ligands. For supported membranes with two types of anchored ligands, MHCp and ICAM1, which bind to the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the receptor LFA1 in the cell membrane, the coexistence of domains of the TCR–MHCp and LFA1–ICAM1 complexes in the cell adhesion zone has been observed for a wide range of ligand concentrations and affinities. For supported membranes with long and short ligands that bind to the same cell receptor CD2, in contrast, domain coexistence has been observed for a quite narrow ratio of ligand concentrations. In this paper, we determine detailed phase diagrams for cells adhering to supported membranes with a statistical–physical model of cell adhesion. We find a characteristic difference between the adhesion scenarios in which two types of ligands in a supported membrane bind (i) to the same cell receptor or (ii) to two different cell receptors, which helps us to explain the experimental observations. Our phase diagrams fully include thermal shape fluctuations of the cell membranes on nanometer scales, which lead to a critical point for the domain formation and to a cooperative binding of the receptors and ligands.
Social Dynamics in a Large-Scale Online Game

Complex systems — when treated as systems accessible to natural sciences — pose tremendous requirements on data. Usually these requirements obstruct a scientific understanding of social phenomena on scientific grounds. Due to developments in IT, new collective human behavior, new dimensions of data sources are beginning to open up. Here we report on a complete data set of an entire society, consisting of over 350,000 human players of a massive multiplayer online game. All actions of all players over three years are recorded, including communication behavior and social ties. In this work we review the first steps undertaken in analyzing this vast data set, focusing on social dynamics on friend-, enemy- and communication networks. This new data-driven approach to social science allows to study socio-economic behavior of humans and human groups in specific environments with unprecedented precision. We propose two new empirical social laws which relate the network properties of link weight, overlap and betweenness centrality in a nonlinear way, and provide strong quantitative evidence for classical social balance assumptions, the weak ties hypothesis and triadic closure. In our analysis of large-scale multirelational networks we discover systematic deviations between positive and negative tie networks. Exploring such virtual "social laboratories" in the light of complexity science has the potential to lead to the discovery of systemic properties of human societies, with unforeseen impact on managing human-induced crises.
State space exploration in Markov models

Performance and dependability analysis is usually based on Markov models. One of the main problems faced by the analyst is the large state space cardinality of the Markov chain associated with the model, which precludes not only the model solution, but also the generation of the transition rate matrix. However, in many real system models, most of the probability mass is concentrated in a small number of states in comparison with the whole state space. Therefore, performability measures may be accurately evaluated from these “high probable” states. In this paper, we present an algorithm to generate the most probable states that is more efficient than previous algorithms in the literature. We also address the problem of calculating measures of interest and show how bounds on some measures can be efficiently calculated.
The Importance of Allergen Avoidance in High Risk Infants and Sensitized Patients: A Meta-analysis Study

Purpose At this time, there is uncertainty regarding whether allergen avoidance is the most appropriate strategy for managing or preventing allergies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of allergen avoidance in the prevention of allergic symptoms in previously sensitized patients and newborns that have the potential to develop allergies. Methods We performed online searches of articles published from January 1980 to December 2012 in PubMed and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and selected articles involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and allergen avoidance. The parameters used to determine allergenic potential in newborns included the risk ratio (RR) of eczema, asthma, rhinitis, wheeze, and cough. The methods employed to evaluate previously sensitized patients were the standardized mean difference (SMD) of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Data quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Results A total of 14 RCTs were identified. Meta-analysis demonstrated that allergen avoidance for newborns did not reduce the subsequent incidence of allergic diseases (eczema, P=0.21; rhinitis, P=0.3; cough, P=0.1) but significantly reduced the incidence of asthma and wheezing in high-risk infants (asthma, P=0.03; wheeze, P=0.0004). However, previously sensitized patients who reduced their exposure to known allergens did not show improvement in their lung functions (FEV1, P=0.3; PEFR morning, P=0.53; PEFR evening, P=0.2; PEFR, P=0.29). Conclusions Allergen avoidance may not always be successful in preventing allergic symptoms. However, rigorous methodological studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
A narrative journey of children with autisn spectrum disorder: the effect of structured drama intervention on functionality in education

iii OPSOMMING . iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BACKGROUND . 1 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM . 4 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY . 7 1.4 RESEARCH DESIGN: MIXED METHODS . 8 1.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS . 9 1.6 LIMITATIONS . 9 1.7 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS DEFINED FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE STUDY . 10 1.8 OUTLINE OF THE STUDY . 12 1.9 SUMMARY . 14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, DISABILITY THEORY, ASD AND EDUCATION, AND DRAMA INTERVENTION . 15 2.
An off-line signature verification system

Signatures continue to be an important biometric because it remains widely used as a means of personal verification and therefore an automatic verification system is needed. In this paper we present an off-line signature verification and recognition system based on a combination of features extracted such as global features, mask features and grid features. The system is trained using a database of signatures. For each person, a centroid feature vector is obtained from a set of his/her genuine samples using the features that were extracted. The centroid signature is then used as a template which is used to verify a claimed signature. To obtain a satisfactory measure of similarity between our template signature and the claimed signature, we use the Euclidean distance in the feature space. The results were very promising and a success rate of 84.1% was achieved using a localized threshold.