Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of feedback from job and task autonomy in the relationship between dispositional resistance to change and innovative work behaviour

Building on an interactionist approach, the present study investigated the moderating role of two task design characteristics, namely task autonomy and feedback from job, in the relationship between dispositional resistance to change and innovative work behaviour. Consistent with a trait activation perspective, it was specifically hypothesized that dispositional resistance to change would have a stronger, positive association with innovative performance when autonomy and feedback were high than when they were low. In a sample of 270 employees from the public sector, task autonomy was found to significantly interact with both composite resistance to change and with three of the four dimensions (routine seeking, short-term thinking, and emotional reaction). Simple slope analyses specifically revealed that individuals high in short-term thinking and emotional reaction exhibited positive relationships with innovative behaviour only in the case of high task autonomy, whereas in the case of low autonomy the relationship was nonsignificant. Furthermore, feedback from job was found to moderate the relationship between overarching dispositional resistance to change, short-term thinking, and emotional reaction, on one hand, and innovative performance, on the other, such that a positive and significant association emerged only in the case of high feedback.
THE PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE AND THEIR HANDLERS IN NORTH TONGU, VOLTA REGION, GHANA

Background: The need to understand the contribution of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) to the general tuberculosis burden in a poor resource setting is paramount. The aim of this study is to determine the burden of BTB among herdsmen and cattle in the North Tongu district of Volta Region in Ghana. Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted in the North Tongu District of the Volta Region between the period of October 2011- March 2012. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and possible risk factor information on cattle from participants. Sputum samples from 68 herdsmen and blood samples from 200 cattle belonging to these herdsmen were also collected. Sputum samples were analyzed using Ziehl- Neelsen staining while Anigen Rapid BTB Test was used for Cattle blood samples. Results: Ninety percent (61/68) of respondents were also found to consume fresh milk while 84% (57/68) do not use protective clothing. Of a total of 1580 cattle owned by the herdsmen, 200 cattle consisting of 14 bulls and 186 cows were screened where the prevalence of bovine TB was 19% (38/200) and those affected were all females. All (100%) human sample tested negative for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB). However, the seropositivity of cattle and kraal density were statistically associated (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Bovine TB is prevalent in cattle in North Tongu district. Although herdsmen indulge in risky lifestyles that expose them to BTB, a zero prevalence of BTB was observed, further study is envisaged using a larger sample size.
Interaction Between Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Gastric Cancer

Background Chronic expression of cylcooygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, the purpose of our study was to assess the expression of COX-2 and iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) in gastric cancer and to investigate the correlation between the expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in these patients. Study Twenty-three gastric carcinoma specimens and accompanying adjacent specimens were obtained from surgical resection. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS were examined by comparative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Cylcooygenase-2 and iNOS mRNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. There was significant correlation between the levels of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in carcinoma tissues. However, there was no significant correlation between the level of COX-2 or iNOS mRNA expression and several clinicopathologic parameters in these patients. Conclusion The expression of COX-2 and iNOS may be one of the factors that contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
Uncertainty reduction in Japanese‐American/Caucasian relationships in Hawaii

The purpose of this study was to examine uncertainty reduction processes in interethnic relationships between Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii. Multivariate analysis of covariance was employed to test the influence of ethnicity, sex, dyadic composition, stage of relationship, and ethnolinguistic identity (covariate) on self‐disclosure, interrogation, display of nonverbal affiliative expressiveness, shared networks, perceived similarity, and both low‐ and high‐context measures of attributional confidence. Results indicated that ethnicity, stage of relationship, and ethnolinguistic identity influenced the set of dependent variables. The findings suggest that ethnolinguistic identity helps explain those aspects of interethnic encounters that are intergroup based. The data further suggest that portions of uncertainty reduction theory are generalizable to interethnic encounters between Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii. Based on the results, boundary conditions for selected aspects of the theory are discussed.
Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the body tissue composition and functional traits of young football players. Methods. Analysis was performed on 23 junior football players. body mass and height were measured. bioelectrical impedance was used to assess the players’ body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, body cell mass and extracellular mass). The body mass index, body cell mass index and the extracellular mass/body cell mass ratio were also calculated. Functional traits were assessed by a one-on-one football game in an enclosed space with the objective to score the highest number of goals in a timed setting. Measurements of Hrrest, Hrmax and heart rate reserve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the subjects’ cardiovascular systems. Results. Insignificant differences in body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency were found regardless of what position was played. Overall, forwards were characterised by having the greatest height, the highest level of active body tissue development and the most efficient cardiovascular systems. Defenders were characterised by having larger body build, while midfielders displayed a significantly greater percentage of extracellular mass and EMc in relation to bcM. Conclusions. The results reveal that trends exist in the body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency of football players depending on which position they play. These differences reflect the varied physical efforts players perform during a match and should be taken into consideration when designing training programmes.
Low and maximally phosphorylated levels of the retinoblastoma protein confer poor prognosis in newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia: a prospective study.

A prior retrospective study suggested that the level of retinoblastoma protein (RB) expression was prognostic for survival in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Individuals with no/low RB protein expression were considered to have loss of RB function, and those with maximally phosphorylated (maxphos) RB were also felt to have nonfunctional RB. To confirm this, we prospectively investigated whether the level of RB expression was prognostic in AML in a larger cohort of patients. RB level was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis on peripheral blood samples from 210 newly diagnosed AML patients. Patients were divided into three groups based on the level of RB protein expression (i.e., no or low, elevated, and maxphos) or into two groups on the basis of presumed RB function, altered function (AF-RB, low and maxphos RB), versus normal function (NF-RB, elevated RB). By combined results of Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis, 20%, 65%, and 15% of patients had low, elevated, and maxphos RB, respectively. Most patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with a French-American-British classification of M3 were in the low RB group, likely reflecting a lower proliferative rate of promyelocytes. Analysis was performed with and without these APL patients. The median survival was significantly shorter for both patients with low RB expression (48 weeks, P = 0.05, including APL patients; 34 weeks, corrected P = 0.008, with APL patients excluded) and maxphos RB expression (51 weeks, P = 0.007) compared to those with elevated RB expression (122 weeks including and 98 weeks excluding APL patients). Differences were greatest among patients with nonfavorable prognosis cytogenetics (median survival, 34 weeks versus 85 weeks; corrected P = 0.001 for AF-RB versus NF-RB). Remission duration was also significantly shorter for non-APL patients with AF-RB versus NF-RB (median survival, 36 weeks versus not reached; corrected P = 0.02). In multivariate analyses, including cytogenetics, performance status, age, antecedent hematological disorder, and RB status, with and without APL patients included, no/low and maxphos-RB protein expression were independent predictors for poorer survival. This prospective study confirms that the level of expression of RB is a strong prognostic factor in AML, with an inferior survival experience being associated with no/low RB and maxphos RB expression. Therefore, therapeutic decisions based on the level of RB expression may be indicated, and protocols to incorporate this are currently under development.
A Moderate Communitarian Proposal

O N SOME OF THE long-debated issues between libertarians and communitarians, the two sides are narrowing-if not "settling"-their differences. ' Recognizing this progress makes it possible to focus on the "remaining" issues that contain some rather challenging and less often discussed topics. Among the issues in which convergence is already progressing are the social nature of the person (an ontological issue), the relations between a community-based definition of virtue and ones provided by individuals (a normative issue), the need to balance individual rights with social and personal responsibilities, and the ways to defend against community majoritarianism. This essay focuses on two of the "remaining" issues: the source of values that contextuate communities and the implications of one's characterization of human nature for the issues at hand. In this essay, I circumvent the customary review of the relevant literature on the grounds that such reviews have been carried out often and very well.2 Instead, I proceed directly to a modest suggestion for a moderate communitarian position.
Thrombospondin-1 Inhibits VEGF Receptor-2 Signaling by Disrupting Its Association with CD47*

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) can inhibit angiogenic responses directly by interacting with VEGF and indirectly by engaging several endothelial cell TSP1 receptors. We now describe a more potent mechanism by which TSP1 inhibits VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activation through engaging its receptor CD47. CD47 ligation is known to inhibit downstream signaling targets of VEGFR2, including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase, but direct effects on VEGFR2 have not been examined. Based on FRET and co-immunoprecipitation, CD47 constitutively associated with VEGFR2. Ligation of CD47 by TSP1 abolished resonance energy transfer with VEGFR2 and inhibited phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream target Akt without inhibiting VEGF binding to VEGFR2. The inhibitory activity of TSP1 in large vessel and microvascular endothelial cells was replicated by a recombinant domain of the protein containing its CD47-binding site and by a CD47-binding peptide derived from this domain but not by the CD36-binding domain of TSP1. Inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation was lost when CD47 expression was suppressed in human endothelial cells and in murine CD47-null cells. These results reveal that anti-angiogenic signaling through CD47 is highly redundant and extends beyond inhibition of nitric oxide signaling to global inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling.
Valdecoxib, a COX-2–Specific Inhibitor, Is an Efficacious, Opioid-Sparing Analgesic in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty

Opioid agents are highly effective analgesics after orthopedic surgery but are associated with several adverse effects. Valdecoxib is a new, highly selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2–specific inhibitor with a rapid onset of action and significant analgesic properties that is being developed for the management of acute pain. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the opioid-sparing efficacy of valdecoxib as part of a multimodal treatment of pain associated with hip arthroplasty. This multicenter, multiple-dose, double-blind, parallel-group study compared the opioid-sparing effects, analgesic efficacy, and safety of 20-and 40-mg doses of valdecoxib twice daily with placebo in patients receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia after hip arthroplasty. Study medication was first administered 1 to 3 hours preoperatively. The total amount of morphine administered, pain intensity, and patient's global evaluation of study medication were assessed over a period of 48 hours. Patients receiving 20 or 40 mg valdecoxib twice daily required on average 40% less morphine than those receiving placebo after hip arthroplasty. Pain intensity levels and patient satisfaction were significantly improved in both valdecoxib groups compared with placebo. Valdecoxib and placebo were equally well tolerated. Pre-and postoperative administration of valdecoxib reduces the amount of morphine required for postoperative pain relief and provides greater analgesic efficacy compared with morphine alone. Thus, valdecoxib has significant clinical utility for acute pain management in orthopedic surgery patients.
Relative right frontal EEG activation in 3- to 6-month-old infants of "depressed" mothers.

Brain electrical activity (electroencephalogram; EEG) was recorded from left and right frontal (F) and parietal (P) scalp regions (F3, F4, P3, and P4, referenced to the central vertex site, Cz) in a sample of depressed and nondepressed mothers and their 3-6-month-old infants. A greater number of depressed mothers and their infants vs. nondepressed mothers and their infants displayed right frontal EEG asymmetry. These data indicate that the depressed affect exhibited by infants of depressed mothers is associated with a pattern of brain electrical activity similar to that found in inhibited infants and children and in chronically depressed adults. Further research is required to determine whether the EEG pattern is a marker of current or chronic mood state
Women's Benevolent Sexism as Reaction to Hostility

Grounded in the theory of ambivalent sexism, this study tested the speculation that women's benevolent sexist attitudes may be, in part, a self-protective response to environments they perceive as hostile to women. Data that have indirectly supported this conjecture thus far have been correlational. The current study involved a more powerful, experimental test of the hypothesis. Women (N = 105) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, which differed only in what participants were told about research findings on men's attitudes toward women (negative or positive attitudes, or no information). As predicted, benevolent sexist attitudes—but not hostile sexist attitudes—were strongest for women told that men hold negative attitudes toward women. This effect is consistent with a benevolent sexism-as-protest explanation and was statistically significant even while controlling for attitudes toward feminism. The differential effect of beliefs about men's attitudes on these two types of sexism lends further support to the idea that, although hostile and benevolent sexism are related, they may serve different functions.
Development and implementation of a functional skills measure for forensic psychiatric inpatients

Responsible clinical management of forensic psychiatric inpatients involves a variety of challenges. One such challenge is the lack of a generally accepted theoretical framework to guide the content of treatment interventions. Another is the limited utility of available assessment instruments for the purposes of treatment-planning and outcome evaluation with this population. This article describes the development, implementation and psychometric properties of an instrument for measuring the functional skills of patients committed to a maximum-security forensic state hospital. Also presented are the role of this instrument in defining and standardizing the clinical approach of the facility's interdisciplinary treatment teams, its use in a computer-assisted treatment-planning process, and use of the resulting data in outcome evaluation.
NR5A2 discovering compounds that block tumor growth in PDAC

Pancreatic cancers depend on driver molecules, oncogene proteins such as RAS. NR5A2 protein is a transcription factor and either activates or inhibits transcription through actions at hundreds of enhancers. It has unusual properties with effects appearing in multiple signaling networks. NR5A2 is a pluripotency reprogramming factor in the class nuclear receptor. Its controlling hormone is PIP3. Experiments suggest NR5A2 activation drives PDAC and inhibitors blunt cancer cell proliferation.
Effects of speech training on the accuracy of speech recognition for an individual with a speech impairment

The ability to train clients to use speech recognition systems more effectively enables a broad range of clients with speech impairments to benefit from this state-of-the-art technology. This study investigated the effects of speech training on the recognition accuracy of the IBM VoiceType (Version 1.00) speech recognition system. Isolated words and words in sentences were produced by a young man with mild dysarthric speech. The participant's recognition accuracy was determined by both VoiceType and 10 listeners. The number of sessions required for VoiceType's recognition accuracy to become stable was identified. The results showed that stability of recognition was reached earlier for words in sentences than for isolated words. Initial consonant-null and final consonant place contrasts were chosen for speech training because these contrasts were most frequently misrecognized by both VoiceType and the listeners. Speech training resulted in up to a 57% reduction in errors by VoiceType, suggesting that train.
Bioimpedance Vector Pattern in Taiwanese and Polish College Students Detected by Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis: Preliminary Observations

Background and Objectives. The study was conducted to evaluate soft tissue hydration and mass through pattern analysis of vector plots as height, normalized resistance, and reactance measurements by bioelectric impedance vector analysis in Taiwanese and Polish college students. Methods. Whole-body measurements were made with ImpediMed bioimpedance analysis SFB7 BioImp v1.55 (Pinkenba Qld 4008, Australia) in 16 Taiwanese and Polish men and 16 Taiwanese and Polish women. Results. Mean vectors of Taiwanese men and women groups versus the Polish men and women groups were characterized by almost the same normalized resistance component with reactance component (separate 95% confidence limits, P < 0.05) indicating that there were no differences of soft tissue hydration and mass. Interpretation and Conclusion. The evaluation of soft tissue hydration and mass through pattern analysis of vector plots as height, normalized resistance, and reactance measurements by bioelectric impedance vector analysis in Taiwanese and Polish college students did not differ between these two diverse ethnic groups. Further observational research investigating these properties in larger groups would be welcomed to elucidate and/or confirm these findings.
Developing Participatory Approaches for Use in an Action Research Project with Teachers Who Support Children with Visual Impairment in Kenya and Uganda: Reflections on the Relational Praxis between Participants and Research Institutions

Participatory research is a broad term covering a range of approaches that are characterised by a focus on ‘action-oriented’ research involving researchers and participants working in collaboration to bring about positive change. These approaches emphasise engagement with co-researchers and the development and implementation of context-appropriate strategies that seek to empower and transform at a number of levels. This article explores the dynamics of a multi-agency and multinational research programme that investigated the working practices of specialist teachers of children with visual impairment in Uganda and Kenya. The research utilised a range of participatory methods, including workshops and a dedicated practice journal, to provide opportunities for participants to record information about their practice and share their experiences with colleagues. The article analyses the effectiveness of the approach, with a particular focus on the ‘relational praxis' between the project partners. This analysis highlights the complex nature of the collaborative relationships when research is transnational and operates across cultural, social and environmental contexts. Considerations are offered for research design in this area.
Luminous red galaxy clustering at z = 0.7 - First results using AAOmega

We report on the AAT-AAOmega LRG Pilot observing run to establish the feasibility of a large spectroscopic survey using the new AAOmega instrument. We have selected luminous red galaxies (LRGs) using single epoch SDSS riz-photometry to i < 20.5 and z < 20.2. We have observed in three fields including the COSMOS field and the COMBO-17 S11 field, obtaining a sample of ∼600 redshift z 0.5 LRGs. Exposure times varied from 1–4 h to determine the minimum exposure for AAOmega to make an essentially complete LRG redshift survey in average conditions. We show that LRG redshifts to i < 20.5 can be measured in ≈1.5 h exposures and present comparisons with 2SLAQ and COMBO-17 (photo)redshifts. Crucially, the riz selection coupled with the three to four times improved AAOmega throughput is shown to extend the LRG mean redshift from z = 0.55 for 2SLAQ to z = 0.681 ± 0.005 for riz-selected LRGs. This extended range is vital for maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs). Furthermore, we show that the amplitude of LRG clustering is s0 = 9.9 ± 0.7h −1 Mpc, as high as that seen in the 2SLAQ LRG Survey. Consistent results for this clustering amplitude are found from the projected and semi-projected correlation functions. This high amplitude is consistent with a long-lived population whose bias evolves as predicted by a simple ‘high-peak’ model. We conclude that a redshift survey of 360 000 LRGs over 3000 deg 2 , with an effective volume some four times bigger than previously used to detect BAO with LRGs, is possible with AAOmega in 170 nights.
Citizen Complaints as Threats To Police Legitimacy

Citizen complaints of police misconduct represent formal expressions of procedural injustice and can thereby threaten police legitimacy. Although prior explanations of complaints have focused primarily on officer demographics, police occupational attitudes have been ignored. The current study fills this empirical void by analyzing data collected from the Assessing Police Use of Force Policy and Outcomes project. We examine the role of patrol officers’ global assessments of their occupation, and specific facets of their internal and external work environments, on overall citizen complaints, as well as allegations of officer discourtesy and improper use of force. Results from our multivariate models reveal a number of attitudinal effects. The implications of these findings for police practitioners and researchers are considered.