Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of outdoor recreation in family enrichment

Abstract The family is the fundamental unit in society and perhaps the oldest and most important of all human institutions. Several studies have indicated a positive correlation between strong, successful families and family participation in outdoor recreational activities. This paper addresses the role of structured outdoor recreation programming in family enrichment. Findings from two studies based in the United States are presented: one on the effect of a one-day family outdoor adventure program on parental and child perceptions of family functioning and the other from a qualitative inquiry into the meaning of family residential camping experiences. The first study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from 24 families who participated in an 8-hour outdoor adventure program. The second study utilized structured interviews with 11 families participating in a residential camp experience. Findings from both studies demonstrate that structured outdoor family recreation programming has a strong positive relationship with family strength. Furthermore, findings indicate that the type of outdoor adventure activities being used in the treatment of dysfunctional and maladaptive families is also effective in providing family enrichment experiences.
Advertising Repetition and Variation Strategies: Implications for Understanding Attitude Strength

We argue that researchers need to move beyond the simple measure of attitude extremity to more clearly assess the impact of various advertising repetition strategies on consumer attitude. In study 1, we show that different advertising variation strategies can lead to the development of equally positive attitudes, even though the basis of the attitudes is quite different. In study 2, we show that, despite the appearance of equal effectiveness on the dimensions of extremity, persistence, and confidence, type of advertising repetition strategy differentially influences the extent to which individuals resist change in the face of a counterpersuasive attack. Coauthors are David W. Schumann, Wendy L. Schneier, and Wendy L. Warren. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.
Usefulness and feasibility of measuring ionized calcium in haemodialysis patients

Background Measuring blood calcium level is recommended in haemodialysis (HD) patients. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes position states that the measurement of ionized calcium (ICa) level is preferred, but in the clinical setting, due to technical difficulties, total calcium (tCa) level is preferred to ICa. Aim The aim of this study was to test the possibility of delayed ICa analysis using frozen serum, and so to identify the factors associated with predialysis ICa level and compare the ability of tCa and Alb-Ca to predict ICa level and finally to compare the survival rate according to the three calcium measurements. Methods All prevalent HD patients, dialysed by a native AV fistula in a 3 × 4 to 3 × 8 h schedule, had their predialysis ICa, tCa and Alb-Ca levels and usual mid-week biology recorded. Intergroup comparisons between ICa quartile were performed. Bland–Altman plots and linear regression were used to assess the differences between 30 fresh and frozen samples. Survival analyses were performed using ICa and tCa levels. Results Comparing fresh blood and frozen serum samples, linear regression (y = 0.98 + 0.02, r = 0.961) showed that the two methods were quite identical with the same mean ICa value (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/L, P = 0.45). A total of 160 HD patients were included in the study. Hypocalcaemia, using ICa values, was highly prevalent in our population (40%) whereas hypercalcaemia was observed only in three cases (1.8%). In predicting ICa hypocalcaemia (<1.12 mmol/L, n = 64), the use of tCa was accurate in 48.4% of patients, and the use of Alb-Ca was accurate in only 17.2% of patients; tCa was not a predictive factor for hypercalcaemia (ICa > 1.32 mmol/L, n = 3); Alb-Ca value predicted hypercalcaemia in 2/3 of the patients. In predicting normocalcaemia, the use of tCa values was correct in 92.4% of patients and the use of Alb-Ca values in 88.1% of patients; only younger age (P = 0.03) and female sex (P = 0.01) were associated with higher ICa quartile. None of the three calcium measures was significantly associated with survival rate using log-rank and Cox models adjusted for age, dialysis vintage, diabetes and sex. Conclusion In the present study, we report that (1) delayed ICa measure is feasible in dialysis patients using a freezing technique, (2) hypocalcaemia is highly prevalent in HD patients and poorly predicted by Alb-Ca level, (3) the main factor associated with ICa level is sex of the individual and (4) calcaemia is not associated with survival rate using any of the three methods.
The vanishing twin: An explanation for discordance between chorionic villus karyotype and fetal phenotype

One ‘erroneous’ diagnosis occurred in 200 first‐trimester chorionic villus samples (CVS) analysed. In direct preparations following 24 h incubation as well as in long‐term cultures, a 46.XX karyotype was observed in the villi (28 and 25 cells, respectively). At 20 weeks of gestation, labour was induced because of fetal death in utero. An autopsy performed on the fetus revealed a male phenotype. Placenta and fetal tissues were not submitted for cytogenetic studies. The discordant CVS karyotype (46,XX), in view of the male fetal phenotype, prompted further cytogenetic and molecular studies. Chromosome marker studies on the parents' blood and chorionic villi confirmed both maternal and paternal inheritance of chromosomes in the CVS. DNA studies on formalin‐fixed skin using a Y‐specific probe, DYZ1, confirmed the presence of a Y chromosome in the fetus. The most likely cause of the discrepant CVS karyotype is the presence of an undetected degenerating dizygotic twin.
Metaphor, Body, and Culture: The Chinese Understanding of Gallbladder and Courage

According to the theory of internal organs in traditional Chinese medicine, the gallbladder has the function of making judgments and decisions in mental processes and activities, and it also determines one's degree of courage. This culturally constructed medical characterization of the gallbladder forms the base of the cultural model for the concept of courage. In the core of this cultural model is a pair of conceptual metaphors: (a) "GALLBLADDER IS CONTAINTER OF COURAGE," and (b) "COURAGE IS QI (GASEOUS VITAL ENERGY) IN GALLBLADDER," which partly constitutive of the understanding of the gallbladder and courage in Chinese culture. A description and analysis of the data from the Chinese language show that numerous conventional expressions are systematically tied to each other and contributive to the underlying conceptual metaphors. The study presents a case in which an abstract concept (courage) is understood in part via a conceptual metaphor grounded in the body, but shaped by a culture-specific metaphorical understanding of an internal organ (gallbladder) inside the body. Although the human body is a potentially universal source domain for metaphors structuring abstract concepts, cultural models set up specific perspectives from which certain aspects of bodily experience or certain parts of the body are viewed as especially salient and meaningful in the understanding of those abstract concepts.
Cultural Considerations: Interpretations of blame and perceived ability among children in India

In the first study, children's ability attributions following teacher blame was assessed for 218 Tamil-speaking children in India between 6 and 12 years of age. Indian children of all ages attributed low ability to the child that was blamed and high ability to the child who was not blamed by the teacher. This finding does not conform to expectations based on studies conducted in the West. In the second study, children between the ages of 6 and 12 were given questionnaires that attempted to explore their conceptions of ability and effort. It was found that the Indian sample did not clearly distinguish between ability and effort. Studies conducted in the West have found that older children clearly differentiate between ability and effort and value ability more than effort. The reasons for these culturally different findings in children's attributions is examined, and several possible explanations are offered.
Experimentally Validated hERG Pharmacophore Models as Cardiotoxicity Prediction Tools

The goal of this study was to design, experimentally validate, and apply a virtual screening workflow to identify novel hERG channel blockers. The hERG channel is an important antitarget in drug development since cardiotoxic risks remain as a major cause of attrition. A ligand-based pharmacophore model collection was developed and theoretically validated. The seven most complementary and suitable models were used for virtual screening of in-house and commercially available compound libraries. From the hit lists, 50 compounds were selected for experimental validation through bioactivity assessment using patch clamp techniques. Twenty compounds inhibited hERG channels expressed in HEK 293 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.13 to 2.77 μM, attesting to the suitability of the models as cardiotoxicity prediction tools in a preclinical stage.
Surveys in Contemporary Mathematics: Embedding and knotting of manifolds in Euclidean spaces

A clear understanding of topology of higher-dimensional objects is important in many branches of both pure and applied mathematics. In this survey we attempt to present some results of higher-dimensional topology in a way which makes clear the visual and intuitive part of the constructions and the arguments. In particular, we show how abstract algebraic constructions appear naturally in the study of geometric problems. Before giving a general construction, we illustrate the main ideas in simple but important particular cases, in which the essence is not veiled by technicalities. More specifically, we present several classical and modern results on the embedding and knotting of manifolds in Euclidean space. We state many concrete results (in particular, recent explicit classification of knotted tori). Their statements (but not proofs! ) are simple and accessible to non-specialists. We outline a general approach to embeddings via the classical van Kampen-Shapiro-Wu-Haefliger-Weber 'deleted product' obstruction. This approach reduces the isotopy classification of embeddings to the homotopy classification of equivariant maps, and so implies the above concrete results. We describe the revival of interest in this beautiful branch of topology, by presenting new results in this area (of Freedman, Krushkal, Teichner, Segal, Spiez and the author): a generalization the Haefliger-Weber embedding theorem below the metastable dimension range and examples showing that other analogues of this theorem are false outside the metastable dimension range.
Effects of a single rectal dose of Misoprostol prior to abdominal hysterectomy in women with symptomatic leiomyoma: a randomized double blind clinical trial

Background Fibroma, the most common benign pelvic tumor in women, affects 25 to 30% of women of reproductive age. Primary treatment for patients with symptomatic or large fibroma is surgery. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single rectal dose of Misoprostol on bleeding during abdominal hysterectomy. Methods This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 80 candidates for abdominal hysterectomy, due to uterine myoma, in the Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd in 2012. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of single rectal dose of Misoprostol on peri-operational abdominal hysterectomy bleeding. Following administration of 400 micrograms of Misoprostol in the case group (n=40), predetermined criteria were compared with control group (n=40). Results Volume of bleeding during the operation was significantly lower in cases where Misoprostol was used. (268.71 ± 156.85 vs. 350.38 ± 152.61 cc in the case and control groups, respectively). Our findings also showed that Hemoglobin (Hb) levels before, 8, and 30 hours following the operation differed significantly (p=0.001), but these changes were similar in both groups. Pre-operative Hb levels were 11.90 ± 1.7 and 11.90 ± 2.0 in the case and control groups, respectively. Conclusion A single rectal dose of Misoprostol has positive effect on reducing peri-operational bleeding in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy due to symptomatic leiomyoma.
Cardiac MRI in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a cause of sudden cardiac death in otherwise healthy young adults. This article outlines the spectrum of MRI findings in ARVC using a combination of static and cine images. CONCLUSION The detection of right ventricular enlargement, fatty infiltration, fibrosis, and wall motion abnormalities at MRI is useful in the diagnosis of ARVC.
R-BU: recursive binding update for route optimization in nested mobile networks

This paper proposes recursive binding update (R-BU) that optimizes routing for nested mobile networks. Nested mobile network is a hierarchical form of mobile networks, e.g. a wireless personal area network (PAN) in a vehicular network. A mobile network moves as a single unit with one or more mobile routers that connect it to the global Internet. Nested mobile networks have pinball routing problem with hierarchical mobile routers. This problem becomes more serious in the case of macro mobility as the routing distance becomes longer. To solve the pinball routing problem of nested mobile networks, we propose routing optimization scheme called R-BU based on recursive binding update. R-BU maintains optimal route to the destination by updating its binding recursively. R-BU requires no changes in existing mobile IP except binding update operation. By using R-BU, correspondent nodes can maintain optimal route to their destinations after some convergent time. R-BU reduces pinball routing cost and the reduction is more useful as the degree of nesting becomes deeper and the distance between the home agents of a mobile router and its parent/child mobile routers becomes longer.
Evaluation of pressure drop characteristics around axial cooling fans with electrical components

This paper describes the details of pressure drop characteristics around axial cooling fans mounted in high-density packaging electronic equipment in order to improve prediction accuracy of supply flow rate of the fans in thermal design. Forced air convection cooling driven by cooling fans is the commonest strategy for dissipating heat from electrical devices. Cooling performance of the fans is mainly decided by supply airflow rate. The supply flow rate is strongly affected by pressure drop characteristics in electronic equipment. Especially in the case of high-density packaging electronic equipment, the airflow around the fan generally becomes complex and an accurate prediction of pressure drop characteristics around the fans become significantly difficult. In addition, due to the change of the airflow pattern around the fans by the electrical components mounted near the fans, a deterioration of fan performance itself is sometimes caused. Hence the accurate prediction of supply flow rate of the fans in high-density packaging electronic equipment is generally difficult. However, in order to shorten the period of thermal design, more detailed investigation about airflow characteristics around the fans mounted in high-density packing electronic equipment should be done in order to achieve the accurate prediction of fan's supply flow rate easily. We are trying to develop a prediction model of accurate supply flow rate of the fans mounted in high-density packaging electronic equipment. In this report, the pressure drop characteristic near the axial fan when an obstruction, which simulates electrical components mounted near the fans, is mounted in front of the fan was evaluated while changing the type of the obstruction. The pressure drop around the fan with the obstruction is mainly composed of three factors; the pressure drop around the obstruction, the inlet pressure drop at the fan and the outlet pressure drop from the fan. A level of these pressure drop factors were evaluated quantitatively by comparing experimental results with the conventional pressure drop database. In order to evaluate the accurate supply flow rate of the fan in high-density packaging electronic equipment, an important factor was clarified from the viewpoint of the pressure drop characteristics around the fans.
Effects of Awareness on the Control of Attention

Abstract Previous studies show that it is possible to attend to a stimulus without awareness of it. Whether attention and awareness are independent or have a specific relationship, however, remains debated. Here, we tested three aspects of visual attention with and without awareness of the visual stimulus. Metacontrast masking rendered participants either subjectively aware or not aware of the stimulus. Attention drawn to the stimulus was measured by using the stimulus as a cue in a spatial attention task. We found that attention was drawn to the stimulus regardless of whether or not people were aware of it. However, attention changed significantly in the absence of awareness in at least three ways. First, attention to a task-relevant stimulus was less stable over time. Second, inhibition of return, the automatic suppression of attention to a task-irrelevant stimulus, was reduced. Third, attention was more driven by the luminance contrast of the stimulus. These findings add to the growing information on the behavior of attention with and without awareness. The findings are also consistent with our recently proposed account of the relationship between attention and awareness. In the attention schema theory, awareness is the internal model of attention. Just as the brain contains a body schema that models the body and helps control the body, so it contains an attention schema that helps control attention. In that theory, in the absence of awareness, the control of attention should suffer in basic ways predictable from dynamical systems theory. The present results confirm some of those predictions.
Endomesoderm specification in Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes

The endomesoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) of C. elegans is a rich resource for studying the properties of cell‐fate‐specification pathways. This GRN contains both cell‐autonomous and cell non‐autonomous mechanisms, includes network motifs found in other GRNs, and ties maternal factors to terminal differentiation genes through a regulatory cascade. In most cases, upstream regulators and their direct downstream targets are known. With the availability of resources to study close and distant relatives of C. elegans, the molecular evolution of this network can now be examined. Within Caenorhabditis, components of the endomesoderm GRN are well conserved. A cursory examination of the preliminary genome sequences of two parasitic nematodes, Haemonchus contortus and Brugia malayi, suggests that evolution in this GRN is occurring most rapidly for the zygotic genes that specify blastomere identity. BioEssays 28: 1010–1022, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GESS: a scalable similarity-join algorithm for mining large data sets in high dimensional spaces

The similarity join is an important operation for mining high-dimensional feature spaces. Given two data sets, the similarity join computes all tuples (x, y) that are within a distance ε. One of the most efficient algorithms for processing similarity-joins is the Multidimensional-Spatial Join (MSJ) by Koudas and Sevcik. In our previous work --- pursued for the two-dimensional case --- we found however that MSJ has several performance shortcomings in terms of CPU and I/O cost as well as memory-requirements. Therefore, MSJ is not generally applicable to high-dimensional data.In this paper, we propose a new algorithm named Generic External Space Sweep (GESS). GESS introduces a modest rate of data replication to reduce the number of expensive distance computations. We present a new cost-model for replication, an I/O model, and an inexpensive method for duplicate removal. The principal component of our algorithm is a highly flexible replication engine.Our analytical model predicts a tremendous reduction of the number of expensive distance computations by several orders of magnitude in comparison to MSJ (factor 107). In addition, the memory requirements of GESS are shown to be lower by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the I/O cost of our algorithm is by factor 2 better (independent from the fact whether replication occurs or not). Our analytical results are confirmed by a large series of simulations and experiments with synthetic and real high-dimensional data sets.
Comparing the Eysenck and HEXACO Models of Personality in the Prediction of Adult Delinquency †

Drawing from self and peer reports of personality, the present study compares the structures of the HEXACO and Eysenck models of personality and the models‘ capacity to predict self reported acts of delinquency. Correlations amongst scales revealed that Psychoticism captures elements of both HEXACO Emotionality and Conscientiousness. The Eysenck Lie scale correlated positively with both self and peer reported HEXACO Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness, suggesting that this validity scale includes substantive variance relating to the latter factors. Regression analyses of personality data from both rater sources revealed that Honesty–Humility and Psychoticism were strong predictors of delinquency that independently offered substantial incremental validity. For self reports, the Extraversion and Lie scales were also strong unique predictors of delinquency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization the Science of Experimental Economics

In this paper we present the views of two practicing experimental economists on the role of economic experiments in the science of economics, and in particular on the interaction between economic theory and experimental design and data. Games people play, you take it or you leave it Things that they say, just don't make it right If I'm telling you the truth right now, do you believe it Games people play in the middle of the night Where do we go from here?
Malignant breast tumors after radiotherapy for a first cancer during childhood.

PURPOSE To assess the specific role of treatment and type of first cancer (FC) in the risk of long-term subsequent breast cancer (BC) among childhood cancer survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a cohort of 1,814 3-year female survivors treated between 1946 and 1986 in eight French and English centers, data on chemotherapy and radiotherapy were collected. Individual estimation of radiation dose to each breast was performed for the 1,258 patients treated by external radiotherapy; mean dose to breast was 5.06 Gy (range, 0.0 to 88.0 Gy) delivered in 20 fractions (mean). RESULTS Mean follow-up was 16 years; 16 patients developed a clinical BC, 13 after radiotherapy. The cumulative incidence of BC was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.0% to 4.5%) 30 years after the FC and 5.1% (95% CI, 2.1% to 8.2%) at the age of 40 years. The annual excess incidence increased as age increased, whereas the standardized incidence ratio decreased. On average, each Gray unit received by any breast increased the excess relative risk of BC by 0.13 (< 0.0 to 0.75). After stratification on castration and attained age, and adjusting for radiation dose, FC type, and chemotherapy, a higher risk of a subsequent BC was associated with Hodgkin's disease (relative risk, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 30.9). CONCLUSION The reported high risk of BC after childhood Hodgkin's disease treatment seems to be due not only to a higher radiation dose to the breasts, but also to a specific susceptibility.