Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking differently about leadership: a critical history of the form and formation of leadership studies

We have come to live in an age where leadership is the solution, regardless of the problem. Today, managers are called on to provide leadership which is ‘visionary’, ‘charismatic’, ‘transformational’ and ‘authentic’ in nature. This is what ‘followers’ are said to need to perform to their potential. The efforts of the academy in promoting these ideas means they are typically understood as modern, enlightened and grounded in scientific research. Taking a critical step back, this study examines why we have come to understand leadership in this way. Adopting a Foucauldian methodology, the study comprises three case studies which examine Classical Greek, 16th century European and modern scholarly discourses on leadership. The analysis foregrounds change and continuity in leadership thought and examines the underpinning assumptions, problematizations and processes of formation which gave rise to these truth claims. The relationship and subjectivity effects produced by these discourses along with their wider social function are also considered. What the study reveals is that our current understanding of leadership is not grounded in an approach more enlightened and truthful than anything that has come before. Rather, just as at other times in the past, it is contemporary problematizations, politically-informed processes of formation and the epistemological and methodological preferences of our age which profoundly shape what is understood to constitute the truth about leadership. Through showing how leadership has been thought of at different points in time, this thesis argues that far from being a stable enduring fact of human nature now revealed to us by modern science, as is typically assumed, leadership is most usefully understood as an unstable social invention, morphing in form, function and effect in response to changing norms, values and circumstances. Consistent with this understanding, a new approach to theory-building for organizational leadership studies is offered. This study shows, then, why we ought to think differently about leadership and offers a means by which this can occur.
DNA methylation, a hand behind neurodegenerative diseases

Epigenetic alterations represent a sort of functional modifications related to the genome that are not responsible for changes in the nucleotide sequence. DNA methylation is one of such epigenetic modifications that have been studied intensively for the past several decades. The transfer of a methyl group to the 5 position of a cytosine is the key feature of DNA methylation. A simple change as such can be caused by a variety of factors, which can be the cause of many serious diseases including several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have reviewed and summarized recent progress regarding DNA methylation in four major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The studies of these four major neurodegenerative diseases conclude the strong suggestion of the important role DNA methylation plays in these diseases. However, each of these diseases has not yet been understood completely as details in some areas remain unclear, and will be investigated in future studies. We hope this review can provide new insights into the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases from the epigenetic perspective.
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20 th century warming

The warming associated with changes in snow cover in northern high-latitude terrestrial regions represents an important energy feedback to the climate system. Here, we simulate snow cover-climate feedbacks (i.e. changes in snow cover on atmospheric heating) across the Pan-arctic over two distinct warming periods during the 20th century, 1910–1940 and 1970–2000. We offer evidence that increases in snow cover–climate feedbacks during 1970–2000 were nearly three times larger than during 1910–1940 because the recent snow-cover change occurred in spring, when radiation load is highest, rather than in autumn. Based on linear regression analysis, we also detected a greater sensitivity of snow cover–climate feedbacks to temperature trends during the more recent time period. Pan-arctic vegetation types differed substantially in snow cover–climate feedbacks. Those with a high seasonal contrast in albedo, such as tundra, showed much larger changes in atmospheric heating than did those with a low seasonal contrast in albedo, such as forests, even if the changes in snow-cover duration were similar across the vegetation types. These changes in energy exchange warrant careful consideration in studies of climate change, particularly with respect to associated shifts in vegetation between forests, grasslands, and tundra.
Stimulus similarity decrements in children's working memory span

Two experiments investigated the impact of the relationship between processing and storage stimuli on the working memory span task performance of children aged 7 and 9 years of age. In Experiment 1, two types of span task were administered (sentence span and operation span), and participants were required to recall either the products of the processing task (sentence-final word, arithmetic total) or a word or digit unrelated to the processing task. Experiment 2 contrasted sentence span and operation span combined with storage of either words or digits, in tasks in which the item to be remembered was not a direct product of the processing task in either condition. In both experiments, memory span was significantly greater when the items to be recalled belonged to a different stimulus category from the material that was processed, so that in sentence span tasks, number recall was superior to word recall, and in operation span tasks, word recall was superior to number recall. Explanations of these findings in terms of similarity-based interference and response competition in working memory are discussed.
The entropy and energy of intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters

Studies of the X-ray surface brightness profiles of clusters, coupled with theoretical considerations, suggest that the breaking of self-similarity in the hot gas results from an ‘entropy floor’, established by some heating process, which affects the structure of the intracluster gas strongly in lower-mass systems. By fitting analytical models for the radial variation in gas density and temperature to X-ray spectral images from the ROSAT PSPC and ASCA GIS, we have derived gas entropy profiles for 20 galaxy clusters and groups. We show that, when these profiles are scaled such that they should lie on top of one another in the case of self-similarity, the lowest-mass systems have higher-scaled entropy profiles than more massive systems. This appears to be due to a baseline entropy of depending on the extent to which shocks have been suppressed in low-mass systems. The extra entropy may be present in all systems, but is detectable only in poor clusters, where it is significant compared with the entropy generated by gravitational collapse. This excess entropy appears to be distributed uniformly with radius outside the central cooling regions. We determine the energy associated with this entropy floor, by studying the net reduction in binding energy of the gas in low-mass systems, and find that it corresponds to a pre-heating temperature of ∼0.3 keV. Since the relationship between entropy and energy injection depends upon gas density, we are able to combine the excesses of 70–140 keV cm2 and 0.3 keV to derive the typical electron density of the gas into which the energy was injected. The resulting value of implies that the heating must have happened prior to cluster collapse but after a redshift z∼7–10. The energy requirement is well matched to the energy from supernova explosions responsible for the metals which now pollute the intracluster gas.
Strong Authentication Protocol for Secure RFID Tag Search without Help of Central Database

RFID tag search is to find a particular tag in a group of tags by using a portable reader. Since a portable reader has own identifier and secret values associated with each tag, the portable reader can wirelessly communicate with the tag without help of central database. The RFID tag search can be useful to find a lost book among all RFID-tagged books in a library. However, the basic operation for RFID tag search has security and privacy problems. Secure search protocols to solve these problems were firstly discussed by Tan et al. Nonetheless, their protocols donpsilat perfectly solve an illegal tag tracking problem by a reuse attack of a search query and also have an illegal reader tracking problem by revealing the portable reader ID over an insecure channel. In this paper, we propose strong authentication protocol for secure RFID tag search without help of central database which utilizes a block cipher (AES-128) and a timestamp. Our protocol can search a particular tag efficiently, and preserve user privacy against all major attacks.
Morphological and Physiological Characterization of Colletotrichum musae the Causal Organism of Banana Anthracnose

Sixteen isolates of C. musae were collected from different banana growing areas of Tamil Nadu and their pathogenicity was proved under laboratory conditions. Effect of different pH levels, temperature, light intensity and media were tested against the growth of C. musae under in vitro . Results indicated that the growth of C. musae was maximum at pH range of 6.50-7.00 and temperature range of 25-30°C. Exposure of the fungus to alternate cycles of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness resulted in the maximum mycelial growth of C. musae compared to the 24 hr exposure to either continuous light or dark. Among the different media tested, Potato dextrose agar medium supported significantly the maximum growth of all the sixteen isolates of C. musae. Further, the strains were found to vary morphologically between the isolates under the study.
Gravitation: A New Theory

This paper presents a new relativistic theory of gravitation as an alternative to that represented in Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Initially, a new representation of the space-time continuum, designated the Relativistic Domain D 1 , is created utilising a system of complex linear coordinates. This Domain is subsequently shown to possess all the gravitational characteristics of the General Theory, and as observed in the Solar System and beyond. A new interpretation of the gravitational phenomenon is thus made, avoiding the problems associated with an induced curvature of the space-time continuum as is r equired in the General Theory.
A kinetic approach to non resonant modes and growth rates of streaming instability: consequences for shock acceleration

We show here that a purely kinetic approach to the excitation of waves by cosmic rays in the vicinity of a shock front leads to predict the appearance of a non-alfvenic fastly growing mode which is the same that was found by Bell (2004) by treating the plasma in the MHD approximation. The kinetic approach we present is more powerful in that it allows us to investigate different models for the compensation of the cosmic ray current in the background upstream plasma.
Forecasting Future Volatility from Option Prices under the Stochastic Volatility Model

The implied volatility from Black and Scholes (1973) model has been empirically tested for the forecasting performance of future volatility and commonly shown to be biased. Based on the belief that the implied volatility from option prices is the best estimate of future volatility, this study tries to find out a better model, which can derive the implied volatility from option prices, to overcome the forecasting bias from Black and Scholes (1973) model. Heston (1993)’s model which improves on the problems of Black and Scholes (1973) model the most for pricing and hedging options is one candidate, and VIX which is the expected risk neutral value of realized volatility under the discrete version is the other. This study conducts a comparative analysis on the implied volatility from Black and Scholes (1973) model, that from Heston (1993)’s model, and VIX for the forecasting performance of future volatility. From the empirical analysis on KOSPI200 option market, it is found that Heston (1993)’s implied volatility eliminates the bias mostly which Black and Scholes (1973) implied volatility has. VIX, on the other hand, does not show any improvement for the forecasting performance.
Fast Illinois solver code (FISC)

FISC (Fast Illinois solver code), co-developed by the Center for Computational Electromagnetics, University of Illinois, and DEMACO, is designed to compute the RCS of a target described by a triangular-facet file. The problem is formulated using the method of moments (MoM), where the Rao, Wilton, and Glisson (1982) basis functions are used. The resultant matrix equation is solved iteratively by the conjugate gradient (CG) method. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is used to speed up the matrix-vector multiplication in the CG method. The complexities for both the CPU time per iteration and the memory requirements are of O(Nlog N), where N is the number of unknowns. A 2.4-million unknown problem is solved in a few hours on the SGI GRAY origin 2000 at NCSA of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling trypanotolerance in a cross of tolerant West African N'Dama and susceptible East African Boran cattle

Trypanosomosis, or sleeping sickness, is a major disease constraint on livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to trypanosomosis in cattle, an experimental cross was made between trypanotolerant African N'Dama (Bos taurus) and trypanosusceptible improved Kenya Boran (Bos indicus) cattle. Sixteen phenotypic traits were defined describing anemia, body weight, and parasitemia. One hundred seventy-seven F2 animals and their parents and grandparents were genotyped at 477 molecular marker loci covering all 29 cattle autosomes. Total genome coverage was 82%. Putative QTL were mapped to 18 autosomes at a genomewise false discovery rate of <0.20. The results are consistent with a single QTL on 17 chromosomes and two QTL on BTA16. Individual QTL effects ranged from ≈6% to 20% of the phenotypic variance of the trait. Excluding chromosomes with ambiguous or nontrypanotolerance effects, the allele for resistance to trypanosomosis originated from the N'Dama parent at nine QTL and from the Kenya Boran at five QTL, and at four QTL there is evidence of an overdominant mode of inheritance. These results suggest that selection for trypanotolerance within an F2 cross between N'Dama and Boran cattle could produce a synthetic breed with higher trypanotolerance levels than currently exist in the parental breeds.
INTRACISTERNAL GRANULES OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN THE CRAYFISH OÖCYTE

The early literature on the origin of yolk contains numerous studies which assert that a close morphological relationship exists between the developing yolk masses and certain cellular organelles. The nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi material, and ergastoplasm have all, at one time or other, been implicated in the synthesis of yolk and of other types of secretion as well (@ Bowen, 2; Wilson, 12). The description of the fine structure of the ergastoplasm (endoplasmic reticulum), coupled with the firm evidence for the synthesis of protein involving ribosomes, has led investigators to look for evidence of a close morphological relationship between the genesis of the protein-rich secretion granules and the elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies have been reported where large secretion masses appear within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (cf. Porter, 8, for literature). However, the best documented studies which seem to involve the endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesis of protein secretion are those of Palade (7) and Siekevitz and Palade (9-11). They present evidence which suggests that in the guinea pig pancreas the ribosomes synthesize the enzymes which traverse the cisternal membranes and gave rise to the relatively large intracisternal granules; the latter probably have chemical properties similar to those of the definitive zymogen granules. How the intracisternal granules are delivered to other regions of the cytoplasm is not clear; they may exit in some way through the cisternae of the Golgi complex. It is interesting to note that similar intracisternal granules are not found in the pancreas of the mouse (5) or rat (7). Large, dense granules of unknown significance have also been reported within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of the spider oocyte (1). In the course of a preliminary study on the fine structure of the crayfish egg it was noted that the endoplasmic reticulum possessed sharply defined intracisterna] granules. The fact that this condition is infrequently found in other cells seemed to warrant a description of it here.
Comparison of QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube test with tuberculin skin test in children who had no contact with active tuberculosis case.

INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to compare QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube test (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) as a diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in the children with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 81 children in the study who have positive TST result without a known history of tuberculosis contact from 2008 to 2011 prospectively. Patients were separated into groups according to their ages, the reason of TST application, number of BCG vaccination scars and diameter of TST induration. Posteroanterior, lateral chest radiographies and computerized tomography, if necessary, were performed. RESULTS The study consists of 48 (59.3%) boys and 33 (40.7%) girls with a mean age of 94.8 ± 51.9 months (ranged from 6 to 193 months). Sixty nine (85.2%) children had one and 12 (14.8%) had two BCG vaccination scars. The TST induration diameters were 15-19 mm in 65 (80.2%) children and ≥ 20 mm in 16 (19.8%) children. QFT-GIT positivity was found in 12 (14.8%) of the evaluated patients. QFT-GIT positive patients were treated with triple anti-tuberculosis regime or isoniazid (INH). In three years period of study, there were no tuberculosis disease observed among the children who had not been treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. CONCLUSION As a result of the study it is suggested to confirm positive TST results with tests based on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) because it can reduce false positive diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, thus adverse reactions of drugs, in countries where BCG vaccination is routinely recommended especially for low risk children.
Real Time Scientific Visualization of the ALE Based Free Surface Simulation for Virtual Reality Applications

Summary This paper discusses real time visualisation of free surface flows that are modelled using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach. To integrate the dynamic simulation with the visualization, a comprehensive yet extensible Graphical User Interface (GUI) is used. The visualization technique employed is demonstrated on a free surface flow problem of sloshing waves in a tank. The ALE approach is also presented briefly for completeness.
PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM

Thi s research aim to determine and analyze the effect of CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), KAP (Earning Assets), BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income) and LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) to stock price. Population to be studied were the banking companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007-2010. With a purposive sample method, the samples used were 22 banking companies. Analysis of the data used in this research is the classical assumption perfomed, multiple regression analysis, the strength of the model and performed, hypotheses performed. The results of this research is the CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) has a negative effect and no significant to stock price. Therefore, the first hypothesis (H1) which states that the CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) has a positive effect to stock price is declined. KAP (Earning Assets) has a negative effect and no significant to stock prices. Therefore, the second hypothesis (H2) which states that the KAP (Earning Assets) has a positive effect to stock price is declined. BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income) has a negative effect and significant to stock price. Therefor, the third hypothesis (H3) which states that BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income) has a negative effect to stock price is received. LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) has a negative effect and no significant to stock price. Therefore, the fourth hypothesis (H4) which states that the LDR (Loan to Deposit ratio) has a positive effect to stock prices is declined. Keywords: CAR, KAP, BOPO, LDR, stock price
The Regulation of Public Company Auditing: Evidence from the Transition to AS5

ABSTRACT The replacement of Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS2) by Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5) creates a natural experiment that sheds light on (1) potential inefficiencies caused by regulatory responses to a political crisis and (2) audit efficiency and effectiveness improvements resulting from the risk-based approach embodied in AS5. We study these effects by examining the impact of AS5 on audit fees. We find that AS5 audit fees are aligned with auditee fraud risk, but not AS2 audit fees. Second, relative to AS2 benchmark levels, AS5 audit fees are, on average, lower for all auditees. Third, relative to AS2 benchmarks, AS5 fees are lower for lower-fraud-risk auditees but greater for higher-fraud-risk auditees. Overall, the evidence is consistent with (1) initial overregulation (via AS2) followed by reform (via AS5) and (2) auditors deploying a risk-based audit approach to obtain both efficiency and potential effectiveness gains in audit production. Copyright (c), University of Chicago on behalf of the Accounting Research Center, 2010.
Inhibitory potential of pure isoflavonoids, red clover, and alfalfa extracts on hemoglobin glycosylation

BACKGROUND Non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin is complications of diabetes. Antioxidant system imbalance can result in the emergence of free radicals’ destructive effects in the long-term. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) contain isoflavonoids and have antioxidant activity. This experimental study evaluated the inhibitory activity of pure isoflavonoids (daidzein and genistein), red clover and alfalfa extracts on hemoglobin glycosylation. METHODS This study was performed in Iran. Stock solution of hydroalcoholic extracts of red clover and alfalfa in concentrations of 1 and 10 g/100 ml and stock solution of daidzein and genistein in concentrations of 250 ng, 500 ng, 25 µg and 250 µg/100 ml were prepared as case groups. Control group was without hydroalcoholic extracts of plants and pure isoflavonoids. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Hemoglobin was prepared and antioxidant activities were investigated to estimate degree of nonenzymatic hemoglobin glycosylation. RESULTS There was no significantly difference between used extracts (extract of red clover and alfalfa) and control of the hemoglobin glycosylation but using daidzein (P = 0.046, 0.029 and 0.021, respectively) and genistein (P = 0.034, 0.036 and 0.028) significantly inhibited (P < 0.050) this reaction in 25 µg/100 ml, 250 and 500 ng/100 ml concentrations when compared to control. in 25 µg/100 ml, 250 ng and 500 ng/100 ml concentrations percentage of inhibition were 32, 80 and 74.5% respectively with used of daidzein and were 21, 83 and 76% respectively with consumption of genistein. CONCLUSION According to decrease of glycation of hemoglobin with isoflavonoids, two used plant in this study containing isoflavonoid may be useful on diabetes.