Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods for Rapid Screening in Woody Plant Herbicide Development

Methods for woody plant herbicide screening were assayed with the goal of reducing resources and time required to conduct preliminary screenings for new products. Rapid screening methods tested included greenhouse seedling screening, germinal screening, and seed screening. Triclopyr and eight experimental herbicides from Dow AgroSciences (DAS 313, 402, 534, 548, 602, 729, 779, and 896) were tested on black locust, loblolly pine, red maple, sweetgum, and water oak. Screening results detected differences in herbicide and species in all experiments in much less time (days to weeks) than traditional field screenings and consumed significantly less resources (<500 mg acid equivalent per herbicide per screening). Using regression analysis, various rapid screening methods were linked into a system capable of rapidly and inexpensively assessing herbicide efficacy and spectrum of activity. Implementation of such a system could streamline early-stage herbicide development leading to field trials, potentially freeing resources for use in development of beneficial new herbicide products.
Kinetics of Thermal Denaturation and Aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin

Thermal aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied using dynamic light scattering, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and analytical ultracentrifugation. The studies were carried out at fixed temperatures (60°C, 65°C, 70°C and 80°C) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at BSA concentration of 1 mg/ml. Thermal denaturation of the protein was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Analysis of the experimental data shows that at 65°C the stage of protein unfolding and individual stages of protein aggregation are markedly separated in time. This circumstance allowed us to propose the following mechanism of thermal aggregation of BSA. Protein unfolding results in the formation of two forms of the non-native protein with different propensity to aggregation. One of the forms (highly reactive unfolded form, Uhr) is characterized by a high rate of aggregation. Aggregation of Uhr leads to the formation of primary aggregates with the hydrodynamic radius (Rh,1) of 10.3 nm. The second form (low reactive unfolded form, Ulr) participates in the aggregation process by its attachment to the primary aggregates produced by the Uhr form and possesses ability for self-aggregation with formation of stable small-sized aggregates (Ast). At complete exhaustion of Ulr, secondary aggregates with the hydrodynamic radius (Rh,2) of 12.8 nm are formed. At 60°C the rates of unfolding and aggregation are commensurate, at 70°C the rates of formation of the primary and secondary aggregates are commensurate, at 80°C the registration of the initial stages of aggregation is complicated by formation of large-sized aggregates.
Dismantling Public Policy: Preferences, Strategies, and Effects

healthcare (Dong, 2003). The perceived ‘moral hazard’ (p. 63) was a perfect excuse for the government to remove ordinary citizens’ rights to free or minor cost healthcare access. The author discusses the less affordable healthcare as a concern (p. 66), which would flow well if there was less or no prior attack on the LIS and GIS insurers. (2) Table 3.2 ‘Cost of medical care in comprehensive hospitals, 1998–2008’ (data in the table: 1980–2005) shows the rapid increase of outpatient and inpatient medical costs. The author states ‘During the 1980–2003 period, total health expenditure increased at an annual rate of 18 percent. ’ It sounds alarming, but the truth of the matter is that before the recent reforms hospitals were government financed. Their ‘medical care cost did not include medical care professionals’ wage, equipment and other hospital functional costs. They only recorded minor costs, such as prescription drugs. Once the government withdrew its financial backing to the hospitals, the hospitals’ cost calculation formula changed accordingly. Healthcare expenditure will continue to rise with the increased costs of salaries, equipment, drugs, etc. – welcome to capitalism, or the market economy! And, lastly, the book uses materials from Chinese non-official and non-academic websites, which may be challenged for their appropriateness for such a work. In material presentation, I would: (1) eliminate or reduce the blunt/bold statements that are interruptive to the flow of the factor presentation; (2) add an explanation to ‘The political logic of China’s health system transition’ (Figure 1.5, p. 22) as to what the solid and dashed lines mean; (3) add meanings next to Chinese terms in Pinyin format; (4) use ‘healthcare’ when appropriate instead of ‘health’; and (5) correct the year indications on some figures and table titles – they differ from the actual data years (i.e., p. 2, figure 1.1; p. 65, tables 3.2, 3.3). China has undergone a series of healthcare reforms in recent decades. However, the level of healthcare coverage is still unsatisfactory, and healthcare access inequality remains severe. Indeed, why cannot a much wealthier China than in Mao’s time provide better care to its citizens? Well, maybe because the (economic) reform-induced government was growth oriented, and therefore could not produce any miracle beyond the economy.
Young People's Perspectives on Participatory Ethics: Agency, Power and Impact in Domestic Abuse Research and Policy‐Making

Children's perspectives literature repositions children and young people as active participants in surviving domestic abuse, protecting their family, opposing the violence and recovering from abuse. However, key tenets of safeguarding in relation to domestic abuse, both in practice and childhood research ethics, struggle to fully recognise children's agency and the need to empower children and young people as well as women. Children's right to participation now extends to national policy-making in many countries, yet has not been explored in relation to the interdependency of women and children's rights, safety and wellbeing where both have been subject to abuse. This paper challenges the current exclusion of young voices from the development of ethical praxis. It outlines a participatory ethical approach that promotes the inclusion and empowerment of young survivors in research and policy. Young expert advisors on Scottish domestic abuse policy (2009–11) co-develop the approach (participatory action research) which is informed by a wider study (2004–11) about children's help-seeking and solutions for practice. Mullender et al.'s accepted model of three Cs and Ds (consent, confidentiality, child protection: danger, distress, disclosure) are adapted to focus on children's agency. Three Es are added focusing on children's power and impact: enjoyment, empowerment and emancipation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘This paper challenges the current exclusion of young voices from the development of ethical praxis’ Key Practitioner Messages Children and young people have a distinct, essential voice in risk assessment and management. They are competent and central decision-makers, they can consent to participation. Participation can be a powerful therapeutic tool. Enjoyment, empowerment and emancipation are intrinsic to participation, alongside recognition of children's agency in safeguarding. Access to power, equal voice and impact on children's lives are preconditions of participation to young survivors – to be worth the inherent risk of speaking out. ‘Participation can be a powerful therapeutic tool’ ‘Access to power, equal voice and impact on children's lives are preconditions of participation to young survivors’
Culprit vessel PCI versus traditional cath and PCI for STEMI.

OBJECTIVE To compare door-to-balloon times with culprit vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as initial treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to traditional complete coronary angiography followed by PCI for treatment of STEMI. BACKGROUND Shorter door-to-balloon time for STEMI treatment is associated with better outcomes, and is generally achieved by shortening the door-to-vascular access time. Whether procedural improvements can shorten the vascular access-to-balloon time has not been examined. METHODS Door-to-balloon times were assessed in 50 consecutive patients who underwent initial PCI of the culprit vessel for STEMI at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, and in 85 consecutive patients who underwent traditional coronary angiography followed by PCI for STEMI. RESULTS Procedural success was 100% in both groups. Door-to-balloon times were 66 +/- 20 minutes for culprit PCI vs. 79 +/- 28 minutes for traditional PCI, p < 0.001, due to shorter vascular access-to-balloon time, 11 +/- 8 minutes for culprit PCI vs. 18 +/- 8 minutes for traditional PCI, p < 0.001. 92% of the culprit PCI group had a door-to-balloon time < 90 minutes, compared to 76% in the traditional group, p = 0.023. Subsequent planned revascularization procedures were infrequent and similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In this small pilot study, performing PCI of the culprit vessel for STEMI as initial treatment resulted in a decrease in the door-to-balloon time compared to traditional coronary angiography followed by PCI without compromising subsequent cardiac care. Whether broader utilization of this strategy will result in beneficial outcomes remains to be determined.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking legislation and policy enactment: a global analysis

Objective (1) To review how current global tobacco control policies address regulation of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS). (2) To identify features associated with enactment and enforcement of WTS legislation. Data Sources (1) Legislations compiled by Tobacco Control Laws (www.tobaccocontrollaws.org). (2) Weekly news articles by ‘Google Alerts’ (www.google.com/alerts) from July 2013 to August 2014. Study Selection (1) Countries containing legislative reviews, written by legal experts, were included. Countries prohibiting tobacco sales were excluded. (2) News articles discussing aspects of the WHO FCTC were included. News articles related to electronic-waterpipe, crime, smuggling, opinion pieces or brief mentions of WTS were excluded. Data Abstraction (1) Two reviewers independently abstracted the definition of “tobacco product” and/or “smoking”. Four tobacco control domains (smokefree law, misleading descriptors, health warning labels and advertising/promotion/sponsorship) were assigned one of four categories based on the degree to which WTS had specific legislation. (2) Two investigators independently assigned at least one theme and associated subtheme to each news article. Data Synthesis (1) Reviewed legislations of 62 countries showed that most do not address WTS regulation but instead rely on generic tobacco/smoking definitions to cover all tobacco products. Where WTS was specifically addressed, no additional legislative guidance accounted for the unique way it is smoked, except for in one country specifying health warnings on waterpipe apparatuses (2) News articles mainly reported on noncompliance with public smoking bans, especially in India, Pakistan and the UK. Conclusions A regulatory framework evaluated for effectiveness and tailored for the specificities of WTS needs to be developed.
Correlates of Parental Status and Attitudes Toward Parenting Among Substance-Abusing Women Offenders

This study examined the correlates of loss of parental rights and attitudes toward parenting among a sample of substance-abusingwomen offenders (N= 483). One third of the sample had lost parental rights to a child; these mothers were younger, but had more children, were less likely to have ever worked or been married, initiated regular drug use at a younger age, and were more likely to have been in foster care or adopted themselves and to have engaged in sex work. Higher self-efficacy, decision making ability, social conformity, and childhood problems were associated with less risky parental attitudes, whereas depression, lower education, and non-White ethnicity were associated with greater risk. Services that address the psychosocial needs of women offenders may increase the likelihood of successful family reunification following incarceration.
Distributed electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator with double-pass phase shifters and integrated inductors

A novel high-speed Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) fully integrated into a 90 nm CMOS process is presented. The MZM features `double-pass' optical phase shifter segments, and the first use of integrated inductors in a `velocity-matched' distributed-electrode configuration.
Repurchase Behavior in the Performing Arts: Do Emotions Matter without Involvement?

Consumer repurchase behavior is a major concern for performing arts organizations because of its impact on their financial sustainability and competitive strength. Consequently, prior research has devoted a huge effort to the investigation of customer loyalty to individual performing arts organizations within a conceptual framework of within-category competition. However, arts consumption research has highlighted that performing arts organizations also face fierce competition from other categories of artistic and entertainment products, since consumers believe that different product categories are able to provide similar hedonic and entertainment value. Our paper investigates the antecedents of repurchase behavior at the product category level. Specifically, we focus on the interplay between positive emotions and product involvement as predictors of repurchase behavior in the performing arts at the product category level. In this context, we modeled four different types of relationships among positive emotions, product involvement, and repurchase behavior. We then conducted a survey among theatergoers and used structural equation modeling to test the rival models. Our findings indicate that product involvement fully mediates the relation between positive emotions and repurchase behavior in the performing arts.
Conceptualizing physical consciousness

Theories that combine physicalism with phenomenal concepts abandon the phenomenal irrealism characteristic of 1950s physicalism, thereby leaving physicalists trying to reconcile themselves to concepts appropriate only to dualism. Physicalists should instead abandon phenomenal concepts and try to develop our concepts of conscious states. Employing an account of concepts as structured mental representations, and motivating a model of conceptual development with semantic externalist considerations, I suggest that phenomenal concepts misrepresent their referents, such that if our conception of consciousness incorporates them, it needs development. I then argue that the “phenomenal concept strategy” (PCS) of a purely cognitive account of the distinction between phenomenal and physical concepts combines physicalism with phenomenal concepts only by misrepresenting physical properties. This is because phenomenal concepts carry ontological commitment, and I present an argument to show the tension between this commitment and granting ontological authority to physical concepts only. In the final section, I show why phenomenal concepts are more ontologically committed than PCS theorists can allow, revive U.T. Place's notion of a “phenomenological fallacy” to explain their enduring appeal, and then suggest some advantages of functional analyses of concepts of conscious states over the phenomenal alternative.
Nocturia: current concepts and future perspectives

Nocturia is a prevalent highly bothersome urinary symptom that may significantly detriment the health and well‐being of sufferers. It is characterized by waking at night to void, each void preceded and followed by sleep, hence leading to fragmentation of sleep and day‐time tiredness. This may result in reduced productivity in the workplace, which contributes to the significant burden to the wider society that nocturia incurs. Nocturia was traditionally viewed as one of the many urinary tract symptoms that occur due to lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, recently it has been recognized that due to its multi‐factorial aetio‐pathogenesis, nocturia should be viewed as distinct clinical condition in its own right. Careful assessment of the nocturic patient is essential so that treatment strategies are guided by the likely causes. Much research is currently being undertaken into the underlying causes and the optimal management approaches. This review will explore the contemporary status of research on nocturia with a focus on the current and newly available pharmacotherapies.
Disabled Persons' Experience of Dependence on Assistive Devices

The aim of this study was to elucidate disabled persons' experience of dependence on assistive devices. Fifteen persons were interviewed with a narrative approach. A qualitative thematic content analysis was used to analyse the interview text. The analysis resulted in four themes with nine sub-themes. The study shows that the participants' experience of being dependent on assistive devices included possibilities such as gaining a better quality of life and being able to live a normal life. The dependence also led to obstacles like a fear of injuring oneself when utilizing assistive devices, difficulties in accepting them and worry about future needs for devices. The participants experienced a changed reception from other people and problems imposed by society or the community. They felt that they were treated in a different way and were in the way. A lack of access to public places and a feeling of helplessness when faced with the power of the authorities were other experiences of the participants. The relationship between the approach that people take to their illness and the acceptance of using assistive technology needs further study. Further research concerning the way in which people handle their dependence on assistive devices needs to be conducted.
Abstractive Text Summarization using Sequence-to-sequence RNNs and Beyond

In this work, we model abstractive text summarization using Attentional Encoder-Decoder Recurrent Neural Networks, and show that they achieve state-of-the-art performance on two different corpora. We propose several novel models that address critical problems in summarization that are not adequately modeled by the basic architecture, such as modeling key-words, capturing the hierarchy of sentence-to-word structure, and emitting words that are rare or unseen at training time. Our work shows that many of our proposed models contribute to further improvement in performance. We also propose a new dataset consisting of multi-sentence summaries, and establish performance benchmarks for further research.
The Importance of “Sexual Proprietariness” in Theoretical Framing and Interpretation of Pregnancy-Associated Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control.
Liquidity Premia and Transaction Costs

Standard literature concludes that transaction costs only have a "second-order" effect on liquidity premia. We show that this conclusion depends crucially on the assumption of a constant investment opportunity set. In a regime-switching model in which the investment opportunity set varies over time, we explicitly characterize the optimal consumption and investment strategy. In contrast to the standard literature, we find that transaction costs can have a "first-order" effect on liquidity premia. However, with reasonably calibrated parameters, the presence of transaction costs still cannot fully explain the equity premium puzzle. Copyright 2007 by The American Finance Association.
Preaching and practicing generosity: Children's actions and reactions.

4 experiments were conducted to asses the common and independent variances associated with exhortations, behavioral example, and contradictions between the 2 upon children's reactions in helping situations. Experiment I indicated that the model's (M) acts affected the child's donation behavior, but that M's exhortations did not. Experiment II partially replicated the modeling efect found in Experiment I, but demonstrated that both preachings and practices were important determinants of the judged attractiveness of the model. Preaching failed to affect donation behavior. Experiment III replicated the results of Experiment I on the effects of M's actions and of Experiment II on the influences of preachings and practices upon M's attractiveness rating, and further demonstrated that Ss' cognitions concerning charity, as indexed by messages left for other children, had but a slight correlation with their helping behavior. Experiment IV assessed interpersonal attraction ratings unconfounded with donation behavior and recall errors related to the treatment condition. As in Experiments II and III, children predictably failed to recall accurately conditions wherein the model acted inconsistently. Failure to find an interaction of words and deeds upon behavior and attraction of M is thus attributed to the difficult conceptual task confronting the child.
Body checking in the eating disorders: Associations between cognitions and behaviors.

OBJECTIVE Body checking behaviors appear to be a manifestation of the cognitive distortions that are central to the maintenance of the eating disorders. However, there is little understanding of the cognitions that drive these behaviors. This study validates a novel measure of such cognitions (Body Checking Cognitions Scale [BCCS]) and examines the association between body checking cognitions, body checking behaviors, and general eating pathology. METHOD Eighty-four eating-disordered women and 205 non-eating-disordered women each completed measures of body checking behaviors, body checking cognitions and eating pathology. A further 130 nonclinical women completed the measures to provide an independent cross-validation sample for the BCCS. RESULTS The BCCS was reliable and valid, and cross-validation with an independent sample confirmed the four-factor structure. Eating-disordered women were significantly more likely to experience body checking cognitions than healthy women. Those cognitions were associated with a significant proportion of variance in eating pathology, over and above the variance explained by checking behaviors. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for a range of beliefs underlying body checking behavior in eating-disordered women, suggesting that interventions addressing those beliefs might be pertinent in some cases.
Anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus and the anterior interosseous nerve in Asians

Anterior interosseous nerve palsy is known to occur uncommonly due to the compression of the nerve by the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (AHFPL). This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and origin of the AHFPL and the topographical relationship between the AHFPL and the anterior interosseous nerve in Asians. The AHFPL was present in 48 of 72 arms examined (66.7%), a majority of which originated from the coronoid process. The anterior interosseous nerve was observed to arise from both the medial and posterior aspects of the median nerve. The topographical relationship between the anterior interosseous nerve and the AHFPL was classified into three types depending on if the anterior interosseous nerve crossed the muscular part, or the tendinous part of the AHFPL, or coursed lateral to the AHFPL. The case in which the anterior interosseous nerve crossed the muscular part of the AHFPL occurred most frequently in the current study. The types in which the anterior interosseous nerve may be compressed were also discussed. Clin. Anat. 13:434–438, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.