Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regimes of time: Media practices of the dispossessed

Media technologies are structuring time and space in crucial ways. Especially the temporal aspect has been of interest lately, which is expressed in a growing commentary on media-related time in terms of speed and acceleration. Taking this discussion as a starting point, I problematize the consequences of temporal structuring by media technologies for civic participation and more specifically protest movements. Drawing on two case studies – the unemployed workers’ movements of the 1930s and the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011/2012 – I explore the changing regimes of time that are related to dominant media technologies. The main aim is to disentangle the relationship between temporal regimes suggested by media technologies and their appropriation by protest movements that emerged in major economic crises. Combing archival materials with in-depth interviews, I discuss the importance of media practices for the two movements and uncover a shift from mechanical speed to digital immediacy having crucial implications for democracy and civic participation.
Group Cohesion and Performance

Past research examining group cohesion and performance was reviewed using metaanalysis. The results indicated a positive relationship with the average cohesive group performing 18 percentile points above the average noncohesive group. Given the nature of the studies used here (all studies had been previously published), caution is suggested in generalizing these results to "real" work groups.
Evaluating analytic scoring for the TOEFL® Academic Speaking Test (TAST) for operational use

This study explores the utility of analytic scoring for TAST in providing useful and reliable diagnostic information for operational use in three aspects of candidates' performance: delivery, language use and topic development. One hundred and forty examinees' responses to six TAST tasks were scored analytically on these three aspects of speech. G studies were used to investigate the dependability of the analytic scores, the distinctness of the analytic dimensions, and the variability of analytic score profiles. Raters' perceptions of dimension separability were obtained using a questionnaire. It was found that the dependability of analytic scores averaged across six tasks and double ratings was acceptable for both operational and practice settings. However, scores averaged across two tasks and double ratings were not reliable enough for operational use. Correlations among the analytic scores by task were high but those between delivery and topic development were lower. These results were corroborated by .
Teacher induction: personal intelligence and the mentoring relationship

Abstract This article is aimed at probationer teachers in Scotland, their induction supporters, and ll those with a responsibility for their support and professional development. It argues that the induction process is not merely a mechanistic one, supported only by systems in schools, local authorities and the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS), but a more complex process where the relationship between the new teacher and the supporter is central to its success. In particular, the characteristics and skills of the induction upporter in relation to giving feedback are influential. This applies to feedback in all its orms – formative and summative, formal and informal. The ability of the probationer to andle that feedback and to be proactive in the process is also important.
The dependence of F-region electron heating on HF radio pump power: Measurements at EISCAT Tromso

[1] Measurements of ionospheric electron temperature enhanced by the action of a powerful high-frequency radio wave on the F-region at the EISCAT facility near Tromso, Norway are analyzed to obtain the electron heat source due to the radio wave as a function of transmitter power. The absorption of the wave in the D-region is accounted for and is found to have a significant influence on the F-region heating, especially due to variations in the D-region electron density during the experiment. It is found that the efficiency of F-region heating expressed in terms of the electron heating rate as a function of radio wave power flux is higher at higher transmitter powers. This behavior seems to be consistent with the development of geomagnetic field-aligned plasma density irregularities which are associated with the conversion of the radio wave to electrostatic upper-hybrid waves. At the highest power fluxes, the efficiency appears to be close to 100%.
Stroke narratives in aphasia: The role of reported speech

Background: Reported speech has been examined extensively in linguistics and discourse research; however, very few studies on reported speech in narratives of individuals with aphasia have been undertaken. Previous research on stroke narratives focused on African American and Caucasian American populations and cultural variations in narrative style (Olness & Ulatowska, 2002). Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural roles of reported speech in narratives of persons with aphasia. The following research questions were addressed: 1) Do individuals with aphasia use reported speech in illness narratives? , 2) Do they use direct and indirect forms of reported speech? , 3) What is the distribution of reported speech in the narratives? , 4) What function does reported speech perform? , 5) Who is quoted in the reported speech? , 6) Does the structure of reported speech differ across cultural groups? Methods & Procedures: Stroke narratives were elicited from 18 Caucasian American and 15 African American individuals with aphasia. The structural and thematic roles of reported speech were analyzed, and comparisons across cultural groups were made. Outcomes & Results: Participants used direct speech more frequently than indirect. Reported speech occurred primarily in complicating action of the narrative and served a narrative function. Themes pertaining to illness scripts were also conveyed. Conclusions: The use of reported speech revealed a high level of narrative achievement and preserved pragmatic abilities in the individuals with aphasia. This achievement is invaluable in strengthening relationships and reinforcing community integration.
Tackling Inequalities in Health: A Global Challenge for Social Work

This paper presents arguments for recognizing and tackling health inequalities as a major new challenge for social work. Four underpinning points provide the building blocks for this case, that health inequalities are a matter of social justice and human rights, that the causes of health inequalities are primarily social, that poverty and poor health are common characteristics of social work service users and, that, therefore, health inequalities are a vital issue for social workers in all settings. A number of implications for social work practice and policy are outlined. The paper concludes that addressing health inequalities implies that social work has to become more actively engaged with critical global social, economic, environmental and political issues.
Examination of the Link Between Parental Racial Socialization Messages and Racial Ideology Among Black College Students

The relations between racial socialization and color-blind racial beliefs (i.e., the denial, distortion, or minimization of racism) among 153 Black American college students, including 34 college student-parent dyads, were examined. Findings from open-ended data indicate that participants identified receiving both protective (i.e., messages about the presence of racism) and proactive (i.e., messages focusing on individual and group strengths) racial socialization messages that were previously identified in the literature (e.g., racial pride, racial barriers, and promotion of mistrust), and three new types of racial socialization messages emerged from the data (egalitarian status, egalitarian treatment, and counter stereotypes). Parents'racial color-blindness was related to providing fewer messages about racial mistrust. In addition, parents' adoption of color-blind racial beliefs was negatively related to their report of providing protective racial socialization. Also, students' racial socialization experiences while growing up were related to their color-blind racial beliefs. Greater minimization of racism (i.e., racial color-blindness) was related to reports of receiving fewer messages protecting against racism and racial barriers youth may face in the future. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Homing in on excellence: Dimensions of appraisal in Center of Excellence program evaluations

Excellence has become a watchword for goal setting and assessment in science and technology policy. While the concept has been around for many years in its commonsense meaning, it is now explicitly used for science governance; however, so far little work has been done to detail, operationalize and systematize the dimensions of value present in academic evaluators’ use of the concept. This article is based on a close reading of a mid-term evaluation of several centers of excellence in Sweden, the goal of which is to achieve a detailed understanding of the evaluative components of the concept. By applying template analysis to evaluation documents, seven main components, largely referring to the organizational/institutional aspects of excellence were identified. These are analyzed and used to provide insights for evaluation scholars and practitioners into the tensions and possibilities present in the excellence concept.
Air Pollution and Lymphocyte Phenotype Proportions in Cord Blood

Effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by alterations in immune competence. In this study we examined short-term associations of air pollution exposures with lymphocyte immunophenotypes in cord blood among 1,397 deliveries in two districts of the Czech Republic. We measured fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 24-hr samples collected by versatile air pollution samplers. Cord blood samples were analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine phenotypes of CD3+ T-lymphocytes and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+, CD19+ B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. The mothers were interviewed regarding sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and medical records were abstracted for obstetric, labor and delivery characteristics. During the period 1994 to 1998, the mean daily ambient concentration of PM2.5 was 24.8 μg/m3 and that of PAHs was 63.5 ng/m3. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for temperature, season, and other covariates, average PAH or PM2.5 levels during the 14 days before birth were associated with decreases in T-lymphocyte phenotype fractions (i.e., CD3+ CD4+, and CD8+), and a clear increase in the B-lymphocyte (CD19+) fraction. For a 100-ng/m3 increase in PAHs, which represented approximately two standard deviations, the percentage decrease was −3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.6 to −1.0%] for CD3+, −3.1% (95% CI, −4.9 to −1.3%) for CD4+, and −1.0% (95% CI, −1.8 to −0.2%) for CD8+ cells. The corresponding increase in the CD19+ cell proportion was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.0%). Associations were similar but slightly weaker for PM2.5. Ambient air pollution may influence the relative distribution of lymphocyte immunophenotypes of the fetus.
From Heads to Hearts: Digital Stories as Reflection Artifacts of Teachers' International Experience

Lynne M. Walters is a professor in the Department of Teaching, Learning, and Culture, Martha R. Green is director of International Outreach in the Office of the Provost, and Liangyan Wang is a doctoral student in the Department of Teaching, Learning, and Culture, all at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Timothy Walters is a visiting associate professor in the College of Arts and Sciences at Universiti Utara Malaysia. Their e-mail addresses are lynne-walters@tamu.edu, mgreen@ ipomail.tamu.edu, wendy_cloudy@tamu.edu, and waltim5@gmail.com The longest journey {people} must take is the eighteen inches from {their} heads to [their] hearts.
Acellular Dermal Matrix and Hydroxyapatite in Prevention of Ridge Deformities after Tooth Extraction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) acting as a membrane, associated with a resorbable hydroxyapatite (RHA) in bone regeneration to prevent ridge deformities after tooth extraction. Fifteen patients who had at least 2 noncontiguous, uniradicular teeth indicated for extraction were selected. In group I, the extraction sockets were covered by ADMG alone; and in group II, the alveoli were filled with RHA before the placement of the ADMG. After 6 months, re-entry surgeries and biopsies were performed. Although ridge thickness had been preserved in both groups, the means were significantly greater (P <0.05) for group II when compared to group I (6,8 ± 1.26 and 5.53 ± 1.06). The histologic analysis showed small bone formation in some samples for group II, where the presence of a highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue surrounding the particles was a common finding. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ADMG was able to preserve ridge thickness and that the additional use of RHA favored the preservation of the ridges along with an increase in the width of keratinized tissue.
Hypocalcemia in a Saudi intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: Hypocalcemia has been a common abnormality in the West, seen in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). It has also been linked with disease severity. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective chart review from January 2004 till December 2004, patients admitted to our ICU were reviewed. Patients’ age, sex, diagnosis, acute physiology and chronic health score APACHE II and ionized calcium were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups based on disease severity as measured by APACHE II. Hypocalcemia was defined as ionized Ca level less than 1.18 mmol/L. Frequency was determined in each group and correlation of hypocalcemia with disease severity was explored. RESULTS: Hypocalcemia was seen in 22.2% in group A (APACHE II < 10), 40.4% in group B (APACHE II 10–19) and 53.9% in group C (APACHE II > 19). Hypocalcemia and disease severity (APACHE II scores) were negatively correlated (P = 0.02). Mean ionized Ca levels in groups A, B and C were 1.22 mmol/L (±0.10), 1.19 mmol/L (±0.11) and 1.25 mmol/L (±0.24) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypocalcemia is a common finding in critically ill patients. It is correlated with worsening disease severity. Mechanisms underlying hypocalcemia and the possible relationship of hypocalcemia with mortality need further consideration.
SPIRITS 15c and SPIRITS 14buu: Two Obscured Supernovae in the Nearby Star-forming Galaxy IC 2163

SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey—SPIRITS—is an ongoing survey of nearby galaxies searching for infrared (IR) transients with Spitzer/IRAC. We present the discovery and follow-up observations of one of our most luminous (M[4.5] = −17.1 ± 0.4 mag, Vega) and reddest ([3.6] − [4.5] = 3.0 ± 0.2 mag) transients, SPIRITS 15c. The transient was detected in a dusty spiral arm of IC 2163 (D ≈ 35.5 Mpc). Pre-discovery ground-based imaging revealed an associated, shorter-duration transient in the optical and near-IR (NIR). NIR spectroscopy showed a broad (≈8400 km s−1), double-peaked emission line of He i at 1.083 μm, indicating an explosive origin. The NIR spectrum of SPIRITS 15c is similar to that of the Type IIb SN 2011dh at a phase of ≈200 days. Assuming an AV = 2.2 mag of extinction in SPIRITS 15c provides a good match between their optical light curves. The NIR light curves, however, show some minor discrepancies when compared with SN 2011dh, and the extreme [3.6]–[4.5] color has not been previously observed for any SN IIb. Another luminous (M4.5 = −16.1 ± 0.4 mag) event, SPIRITS 14buu, was serendipitously discovered in the same galaxy. The source displays an optical plateau lasting ≳80 days, and we suggest a scenario similar to the low-luminosity Type IIP SN 2005cs obscured by AV ≈ 1.5 mag. Other classes of IR-luminous transients can likely be ruled out in both cases. If both events are indeed SNe, this may suggest that ≳18% of nearby core-collapse SNe are missed by currently operating optical surveys.
Resistance of Hepatitis B Virus to Antiviral Drugs: Current Aspects and Directions for Future Investigation

Despite the existence of vaccines, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem worldwide. Interferon therapy successfully controls infection in only a small percentage of chronically infected individuals. The recent approval of the nucleoside analogue lamivudine for the treatment of chronic HBV infection has ushered in a new era of antiviral therapy. While lamivudine is highly effective at controlling viral infection short-term, prolonged therapy has been associated with an increasing incidence of viral resistance. Thus, it appears that lamivudine alone will not be sufficient to control chronic viral infection in the majority of individuals. In addition to lamivudine, several new nucleoside and nucleotide analogues that show promising antihepadnaviral activity are in various stages of development. Lamivudine resistance has been found to confer cross-resistance to some of these compounds and it is likely that resistance to newer antivirals may also develop during prolonged use. Drug resistance therefore poses a major threat to nucleoside analogue-based therapies for chronic HBV infection. Fortunately, combination chemotherapy (antiviral therapy with two or more agents) can minimize the chance that resistance will develop and can be expected to achieve sustained reductions in viral load, provided that suitable combinations of agents are chosen. Here we review the basis of drug resistance in HBV, with emphasis on aspects that are likely to affect drug choice in future.
The Iowa Gambling Task in fMRI images

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a sensitive test for the detection of decision‐making impairments in several neurological and psychiatric populations. Very few studies have employed the IGT in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations, in part, because the task is cognitively complex. Here we report a method for exploring brain activity using fMRI during performance of the IGT. Decision‐making during the IGT was associated with activity in several brain regions in a group of healthy individuals. The activated regions were consistent with the neural circuitry hypothesized to underlie somatic marker activation and decision‐making. Specifically, a neural circuitry involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (for working memory), the insula and posterior cingulate cortex (for representations of emotional states), the mesial orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (for coupling the two previous processes), the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate/SMA (supplementary motor area) for implementing behavioral decisions was engaged. These results have implications for using the IGT to study abnormal mechanisms of decision making in a variety of clinical populations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volunteering as Red Queen Mechanism for Cooperation in Public Goods Games

The evolution of cooperation among nonrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and social sciences. Reciprocal altruism fails to provide a solution if interactions are not repeated often enough or groups are too large. Punishment and reward can be very effective but require that defectors can be traced and identified. Here we present a simple but effective mechanism operating under full anonymity. Optional participation can foil exploiters and overcome the social dilemma. In voluntary public goods interactions, cooperators and defectors will coexist. We show that this result holds under very diverse assumptions on population structure and adaptation mechanisms, leading usually not to an equilibrium but to an unending cycle of adjustments (a Red Queen type of evolution). Thus, voluntary participation offers an escape hatch out of some social traps. Cooperation can subsist in sizable groups even if interactions are not repeated, defectors remain anonymous, players have no memory, and assortment is purely random.
Territorial Phantom Pains (and other Cartographic Anxieties)

National loss of territory is commonly described in corporeal language of mutilation and dismemberment. In this paper I argue that this language is not simply poetic or metaphoric but that it reflects a genuine association between the individual body and the national contours, and that this identification has been greatly facilitated by the emergence of the national map. In revisiting the common trope of the nation-as-body through inclusion of insights from neuroscience, I explore what happens when a lack of fit intervenes between the physical geographical extent of the nation and the mental map held by its inhabitants. Taking Manchuria as my main focus while suggesting a much wider applicability, I suggest that ‘lost’ territories, no longer included within the national body, remain nonetheless part of a previous national incarnation. As such, they draw national sentiments and affect, eliciting what can be labeled ‘phantom pains’.
The Proteasome Immunosubunit Multicatalytic Endopeptidase Complex-Like 1 Is a T-Cell-Intrinsic Factor Influencing Homeostatic Expansion

ABSTRACT Homeostatic regulatory mechanisms maintain the constant ratios between different lymphocyte subsets in the secondary lymphoid organs. How this dynamic equilibrium is achieved, in particular following the clonal expansion and subsequent contraction of different cells after infection, remains poorly understood. Expression of the proteasome immunosubunits has been shown to influence not only major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) antigen processing and thereby T-cell responses, but also the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios in lymphoid organs. We examined the relationships between these different immunosubunit-mediated effects in mice of various proteasome subunit compositions during infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice that lacked the immunosubunit multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like 1 (MECL-1) maintained enhanced CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios during infection, while MHC-I surface levels resembled those in wild-type (wt) mice. LMP7 gene-deficient mice, on the other hand, showed reduced MHC-I expression, while their splenic CD4/CD8 ratios were similar to those in wt mice. Remarkably, analysis of bone marrow-chimeric immunosubunit gene-deficient mice, reconstituted with a mixture of wt and LMP7- plus MECL-1-deficient bone marrow, revealed that the LMP7- plus MECL-1-deficient T-cell population maintained a higher CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio than the wt T-cell population before, during, and after infection and T-cell memory formation. Since in these mice the immunosubunit-positive and immunosubunit-negative T-cell populations were selected in the same thymus and expanded in the same lymphoid environments, our findings indicate that MECL-1 influences the homeostatic equilibrium between T-cell subsets, not through indirect extracellular signals, such as MHC-I expression or the cytokine milieu, but through direct effects on T-cell-intrinsic processes.