Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Multicultural Efficacy Scale: Development, Item Selection, and Reliability

Multicultural education is “a democratic approach to teaching and learning that seeks to foster cultural pluralism within culturally diverse societies and an interdependent world” (Bennett, Niggle, & Stage, 1990, p. 244). Multicultural teacher education is the effort to produce professional educators who are both committed to the ideals of multicultural education and competent in their practice of it. Hidalgo, Chavez-Chavez, and Ramage (1996) captured the complexity and the progression of evolving conceptions of multicultural education:
Simultaneous Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flaps: A Retrospective Review of an Institutional Experience

&NA; A single institution's experience in the simultaneous reconstruction of both breasts using bilateral latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps is presented. The procedure was performed on 24 patients by the attending staff of the department of plastic surgery at St. Joseph Hospital in Houston, Texas, between 1979 and 1999. Of the 24 patients reviewed, six had immediate reconstructions, 13 had delayed primary reconstructions, and five had secondary reconstructions of failed or unsatisfactory primary procedures. In the group with delayed reconstructions, the average time between mastectomy and reconstruction was 46.4 months, with a range from 7 days to 21 years. The operative method, results, and outcomes of our experience in these patients is presented. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 108: 1174, 2001.)
Prostate cancer risk‐associated variants reported from genome‐wide association studies: Meta‐analysis and their contribution to genetic Variation

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. These SNPs may potentially be used for risk prediction. To date, there is not a stable estimate of their effect on PCa risk and their contribution to the genetic variation both of which are important for future risk prediction.
Low HDL Cholesterol, Smoking and IL-13 R130Q Polymorphism are Associated with Myocardial Infarction in Greek Cypriot Males. A Pilot Study

This study was carried out in Greek Cypriot males to identify risk factors that predispose to myocardial infarction (MI). Genetic and lipid risk factors were investigated for the first time in a Greek Cypriot male case-control study.Contrary to other studies, mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between cases and controls. High density lipoprotein cholesterol on the other hand, although within normal range in cases and controls, was significantly higher in the control population. In agreement with many other studies, smoking was significantly more prevalent in cases compared with controls. In pooled cases and controls, smokers had a significantly lower HDL-C level compared with non-smokers. The frequency of the IL-13 R130Q homozygotes for the mutation (QQ), as well as the mutant allele were significantly higher in cases compared with controls. The IL-13 R130Q variant, or another locus, linked to it, may increase the risk of MI.
Some Factors Affecting the Image of the Scientist Drawn by Older Primary School Pupils

Abstract Boys and girls differed consistently in their representations of scientists. Girls showed themselves more adaptable in this respect, obtaining more extreme scores on the Draw‐a‐Scientist Test (Chambers, 1983) than did boys in response to verbal accounts of examples of the scientist which were either typical or atypical of the commonly held stereotype. Girls drew fewer mythical scientists; of the mythical images advanced representations of the Frankenstein myth predominated; more mythical images appeared in second than in first drawings. Only girls drew women scientists; more women scientists appeared in second than in first drawings. Some indications of level of reliability of the instrument used are presented.
Recognition memory for valenced and arousing materials under conditions of divided attention

Two experiments are reported that examined the effect of both valence and arousal on recognition memory performance. Each experiment used two classes of negative items that differed in arousal, as well as a neutral and non-arousing set of items. In Experiment 1 a difficult divided attention task was crossed with the learning and test phases of the experiment. In Experiment 2 encoding time was manipulated and remember–know judgements were collected. The emotional enhancement effect often found with verbal materials survived the depletion of cognitive resources, as did the extra benefit accruing from high arousal. Although we found that arousal led to more recollection, the general conclusion that we draw is that the effect of emotion on recognition memory can be attributed to relatively automatic influences.
An Exploratory Study of the Impact of News Headlines on Genetic Determinism

Critics have suggested that news headlines about genetics with inappropriately deterministic content will produce increased levels of determinism in the public, even when news article contents are not highly deterministic. This might result from a replacement effect (headlines stand in for the content of the article because few people read it fully) or from a framing effect (headlines frame the interpretation of the article content). A quantitative impact study and an interview method were used to test the impact of the framing effect in a news article on genes and diabetes. This exploratory study found no support for a framing effect. Directions for future research are discussed.
Neural basis of feature-based contextual effects on visual search behavior

Searching for a visual object is known to be adaptable to context, and it is thought to result from the selection of neural representations distributed on a visual salience map, wherein stimulus-driven and goal-directed signals are combined. Here we investigated the neural basis of this adaptability by recording superior colliculus (SC) neurons while three female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) searched with saccadic eye movements for a target presented in an array of visual stimuli whose feature composition varied from trial to trial. We found that sensory-motor activity associated with distracters was enhanced or suppressed depending on the search array composition and that it corresponded to the monkey's search strategy, as assessed by the distribution of the occasional errant saccades. This feature-related modulation occurred independently from the saccade goal and facilitated the process of saccade target selection. We also observed feature-related enhancement in the activity associated with distracters that had been the search target during the previous session. Consistent with recurrent processing, both feature-related neuronal modulations occurred more than 60 ms after the onset of the visually evoked responses, and their near coincidence with the time of saccade target selection suggests that they are integral to this process. These results suggest that SC neuronal activity is shaped by the visual context as dictated by both stimulus-driven and goal-directed signals. Given the close proximity of the SC to the motor circuit, our findings suggest a direct link between perception and action and no need for distinct salience and motor maps.
The Control of Automatic Imitation Based on Bottom–Up and Top–Down Cues to Animacy: Insights from Brain and Behavior

Humans automatically imitate other people's actions during social interactions, building rapport and social closeness in the process. Although the behavioral consequences and neural correlates of imitation have been studied extensively, little is known about the neural mechanisms that control imitative tendencies. For example, the degree to which an agent is perceived as human-like influences automatic imitation, but it is not known how perception of animacy influences brain circuits that control imitation. In the current fMRI study, we examined how the perception and belief of animacy influence the control of automatic imitation. Using an imitation–inhibition paradigm that involves suppressing the tendency to imitate an observed action, we manipulated both bottom–up (visual input) and top–down (belief) cues to animacy. Results show divergent patterns of behavioral and neural responses. Behavioral analyses show that automatic imitation is equivalent when one or both cues to animacy are present but reduces when both are absent. By contrast, right TPJ showed sensitivity to the presence of both animacy cues. Thus, we demonstrate that right TPJ is biologically tuned to control imitative tendencies when the observed agent both looks like and is believed to be human. The results suggest that right TPJ may be involved in a specialized capacity to control automatic imitation of human agents, rather than a universal process of conflict management, which would be more consistent with generalist theories of imitative control. Evidence for specialized neural circuitry that “controls” imitation offers new insight into developmental disorders that involve atypical processing of social information, such as autism spectrum disorders.
Investigating the attitudes of head teachers of Cypriot primary schools towards inclusion

This paper reports the results of a study that has been carried out for the first time in Cyprus, with the aim of exploring the views of head teachers on inclusion. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and a focus group meeting; 185 head teachers participated in this study. The findings indicated that overall, head teachers held positive attitudes towards inclusion of children with disabilities. The relationship among the head teachers' background factors, such as sex, administration experience, contacts with people with disabilities, possession of postgraduate titles in special education and attitudes towards inclusion were reported. This study has brought out that head teachers held overall positive attitudes towards inclusion. The findings are meaningful to the understanding of the effects of inclusion and entail various implications to facilitate it.
Syntactic formatting of science information

It has been increasingly recognized that science information systems have need of natural language processing. F. W. Lancaster, author of the National Library of Medicine Study of the performance of the MEDLARS system, spoke of this at the 1971 annual conference of the ACM, in the panel "Can Present Methods for Library and Information Retrieval Service Survive? " He noted that "there is a definite trend away from large carefully controlled vocabularies and toward natural language processing, or at least machine-aided indexing," and quoted Klingbiel's remarks to the effect that "highly structured controlled vocabularies are obsolete for indexing and retrieval" and that "the natural language of scientific prose is fully adequate for these purposes. "
Multicentric randomised study of Helicobacter pylori eradication and pepsinogen testing for prevention of gastric cancer mortality: the GISTAR study

Introduction Population-based eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to be cost-effective and is recommended by international guidelines. However, the potential adverse effects of widespread antibiotic use that this would entail have not been sufficiently studied. An alternative way to decrease gastric cancer mortality is by non-invasive search for precancerous lesions, in particular gastric atrophy; pepsinogen tests are the best currently available alternative. The primary objective of GISTAR is to determine whether H pylori eradication combined with pepsinogen testing reduces mortality from gastric cancer among 40–64-year-old individuals. The secondary objectives include evaluation of H pylori eradication effectiveness in gastric cancer prevention in patients with precancerous lesions and evaluation of the potential adverse events, including effects on microbiome. Methods and analysis Individuals are recruited from general population (50% men) in areas with high gastric cancer risk in Europe and undergo detailed lifestyle and medical history questionnaire before being randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. The intervention group undergoes H pylori testing and is offered eradication therapy if positive; in addition, pepsinogen levels are detected in plasma and those with decreased levels are referred for upper endoscopy. All participants are offered faecal occult blood testing as an incentive for study participation. Effectiveness of eradication and the spectrum of adverse events are evaluated in study subpopulations. A 35% difference in gastric cancer mortality between the groups is expected to be detectable at 90% power after 15 years if 30 000 individuals are recruited. Biological materials are biobanked for the main and ancillary studies. The study procedure and assumptions will be tested during the pilot phase. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the respective ethics committees. An independent Data Safety and Monitoring Board has been established. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT02047994
Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L) Anthocyanins as Ingredients for Functional Foods

In the recent years many studies on anthocyanins have revealed their strong antioxidant activity and their possible use as chemotherapeutics. The finding that sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L) (also called tart cherries) contain high levels of anthocyanins that possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has attracted much attention to this species. Here we report the preliminary results of the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sour cherry callus cell cultures. The evaluation and characterization of the in vitro produced pigments are compared to those of the anthocyanins found in vivo in fruits of several sour cherry cultivars. Interestingly, the anthocyanin profiles found in whole fruit extracts were similar in all tested genotypes but were different with respect to the callus extract. The evaluation of antioxidant activity, performed by ORAC and TEAC assays, revealed a relatively high antioxidant capacity for the fruit extracts (from 1145 to 2592 μmol TE/100 g FW) and a lower one for the callus extract (688 μmol TE/100 g FW).
Induction of Thioredoxin Is Required for Nodule Development to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Soybean Roots1

Nodules are formed on legume roots as a result of signaling between symbiotic partners and in response to the activities of numerous genes. We cloned fragments of differentially expressed genes in spot-inoculated soybean (Glycine max) roots. Many of the induced clones were similar to known genes related to oxidative stress, such as thioredoxin and β-carotene hydroxylase. The deduced amino acid sequences of full-length soybean cDNAs for thioredoxin and β-carotene hydroxylase were similar to those in other species. In situ RNA hybridization revealed that the thioredoxin gene is expressed on the pericycle of 2-d-old nodules and in the infected cells of mature nodules, suggesting that thioredoxin is involved in nodule development. The thioredoxin promoter was found to contain a sequence resembling an antioxidant responsive element. When a thioredoxin mutant of yeast was transformed with the soybean thioredoxin gene it became hydrogen peroxide tolerant. These observations prompted us to measure reactive oxygen species levels. These were decreased by 3- to 5-fold in 7-d-old and 27-d-old nodules, coincident with increases in the expression of thioredoxin and β-carotene hydroxylase genes. Hydrogen peroxide-producing regions identified with cerium chloride were found in uninoculated roots and 2-d-old nodules, but not in 7-d-old and 27-d-old nodules. RNA interference-mediated repression of the thioredoxin gene severely impaired nodule development. These data indicate that antioxidants such as thioredoxin are essential to lower reactive oxygen species levels during nodule development.
Frequency assessment of β-lactamase enzymes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolates in patients with urinary tract infection

Background: Production of β-lactamase enzymes is the most common and important mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study was to assess frequency of three main β-lactamase enzymes, including extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzymes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from nosocomial and community urinary tract infections (UTI). Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study from March to December 2012, midstream urine samples were obtained from patients suspicious of UTI who were hospitalized or referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Samples were cultured and E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were isolated. Prevalence of ESBLs, KPC, and MBLs producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were studied by double-disk (combined-disk), the modified Hodge test and imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined disc methods respectively. In addition, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns determined and resistant to carbapenem drugs confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentrations based on E-test method. Results: A total of 1080 E. coli and 484 Klebsiella strains were isolated during study period. Among 720 E. coli and 384 Klebsiella isolates from hospitalized patients, 300 (41.7%) and 198 (51.5%) were ESBLs producers, respectively. In out-patients samples, the rate of ESBLs production was 25% (90/360) and 40% (40/100) in E. coli and Klebsiella isolates, respectively. Prevalence of MBLs producing in hospital E. coli and Klebsiella isolates were 0.3% (2/720) and 2.6% (10/384), and for KPC data were 1.4% (10/720) and 48.4% (186/384), respectively. No MBLs and KPC producing isolate was seen in non-hospital E. coli and Klebsiella isolates except for one non-hospital KPC producing Klebsiella isolate. Conclusion: The result of our study showed high prevalence of ESBLs and KPC, but low prevalence of MBLs in cultured bacteria from urine samples of patients with acute UTI. In addition, KPC was the main carbapenem resistance mechanism in Klebsiella and E. coli isolates.
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Psychostimulants and Hallucinogens in S(+)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and R(−)-MDMA Trained Mice

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a substituted phenethylamine more commonly known as the drug of abuse “ecstasy. ” The acute and persistent neurochemical effects of MDMA in the mice are distinct from those in other species. MDMA shares biological effects with both amphetamine-type stimulants and mescaline-type hallucinogens, which may be attributable to distinct effects of its two enantiomers, both of which are active in vivo. In this regard, among the substituted phenethylamines, R(−)-enantiomers tend to have hallucinogen-like effects, whereas S(+)-enantiomers tend to have stimulant-like effects. In the present study, mice were trained to discriminate S(+)- or R(−)-MDMA from vehicle. Drug substitution tests were then undertaken with the structurally similar phenethylamine dopamine/norepinephrine releaser S(+)-amphetamine, the structurally dissimilar tropane nonselective monoamine reuptake inhibitor cocaine, the structurally similar phenethylamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), and the structurally dissimilar mixed action tryptamine 5-HT2A agonist/monoamine reuptake inhibitor N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT). S(+)-amphetamine fully substituted in the S(+)-MDMA-treated animals but did not substitute for the R(−)-MDMA cue. 2C-T-7 fully substituted in the R(−)-MDMA-trained animals but did not substitute for the S(+)-MDMA cue. Cocaine and DPT substituted for both training drugs, but whereas cocaine was more potent in S(+)-MDMA-trained mice, DPT was more potent in R(−)-MDMA-trained mice. These data suggest that qualitative differences in the discriminative stimulus effects of each stereoisomer of MDMA exist in mice and further our understanding of the complex nature of the interoceptive effects of MDMA.
Recovery and predictors of intellectual ability two years following paediatric traumatic brain injury

While a number of research papers have reported findings on intellectual skills following traumatic brain injury (TBI), only limited studies have monitored the recovery of these skills over time. The present study examined intellectual skills in a group of 70 children who had sustained a mild, moderate, or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results showed that, while the severe TBI group exhibited greatest recovery of intellectual ability over 24 months, they continued to perform more poorly than children who had sustained a mild and moderate injury. Further, domain-specific Index Scores, derived from intellectual measures, provided additional insight regarding the development and/or recovery of specific cognitive areas following TBI. Best predictor of intellectual outcome was socio-economic status.
Terminological Creation and Language Shift in Malaysia’s Legal System

Terminology is a central theme of debate about language shift in Malaysia’s judicial system – sometimes seen as the last bastion of the colonial language. Advocates of more Malay in courtroom argument and professional practice often point to the Institute of Language and Literature’s creation of thousands of terms to equip the national language for modern legal affairs. Those sceptical about the benefits of further reducing the role of English typically focus on lexical, discursive and cultural gaps between the Malay language and an adversarial system that continues to draw heavily on English common law. While supporting the view that comprehensive terminological reform is crucial if Malaysian language planners are to fully implement policies developed for the legal system more than two decades ago, this paper highlights the limitations of terminology as an engine of language shift. Planners have not only to make a corpus of terms available but to consider a range of linguistic and non-linguistic factors constraining their adoption into long-established professional discourses.