Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Importância Dos Fundamentos Nos Ratings Soberanos Brasileiros, 1994-2002

The international financial crises of the 1990s rose doubts on the usefulness of sovereign ratings. The present paper has two aims: identify whether sovereign ratings can be predicted using a small set of macroeconomic fundamentals; and test whether sovereign spreads can be predicted by sovereign ratings and/or fundamentals. In the first case, a good adjustment of an ordered logit model can be obtained using the following indicators: Debt/Exports, Public Sector Net Debt, Gov´t Deficit and Current Account. In the second case, when fundamentals (mostly public sector financial conditions) are included, sovereign ratings do not help predict sovereign spreads.
The exit coping response to workplace bullying

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the role of human resource management (HRM) in targets' coping with workplace bullying.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a study rooted in van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology, conducted with agents working in international facing call centres in Mumbai and Bangalore, India. Exploring targets' lived experiences, conversational interviews and sententious and selective thematic analyzes were undertaken.Findings – Targets' experiences were captured by the core theme of “protecting my interests” which subsumes four themes, experiencing confusion, engaging organizational options, moving inwards and exiting the organization. The findings highlight targets' attempts to deal with the experience of bullying, relying on their personal and social resources as well as on organizational options in order to ensure that their emotional well‐being, task‐related performance and long‐term career goals were not hampered by victimization. Participants' endeavours displaye.
Cooperation of RAD51 and RAD54 in regression of a model replication fork

DNA lesions cause stalling of DNA replication forks, which can be lethal for the cell. Homologous recombination (HR) plays an important role in DNA lesion bypass. It is thought that Rad51, a key protein of HR, contributes to the DNA lesion bypass through its DNA strand invasion activity. Here, using model stalled replication forks we found that RAD51 and RAD54 by acting together can promote DNA lesion bypass in vitro through the ‘template-strand switch’ mechanism. This mechanism involves replication fork regression into a Holliday junction (‘chicken foot structure’), DNA synthesis using the nascent lagging DNA strand as a template and fork restoration. Our results demonstrate that RAD54 can catalyze both regression and restoration of model replication forks through its branch migration activity, but shows strong bias toward fork restoration. We find that RAD51 modulates this reaction; by inhibiting fork restoration and stimulating fork regression it promotes accumulation of the chicken foot structure, which we show is essential for DNA lesion bypass by DNA polymerase in vitro. These results indicate that RAD51 in cooperation with RAD54 may have a new role in DNA lesion bypass that is distinct from DNA strand invasion.
A Robust Orthogonal Adaptive Approach to SISO Deconvolution

This paper formulates in a common framework some results from the fields of robust filtering, function approximation with orthogonal basis, and adaptive filtering, and applies them for the design of a general deconvolution processor for SISO systems. The processor is designed to be robust to small parametric uncertainties in the system model, with a partially adaptive orthogonal structure. A simple gradient type of adaptive algorithm is applied to update the coefficients that linearly combine the fixed robust basis functions used to represent the deconvolver. The advantages of the design are inherited from the mentioned fields: low sensitivity to parameter uncertainty in the system model, good numerical and structural behaviour, and the capability of tracking changes in the systems dynamics. The linear equalization of a simple ADSL channel model is presented as an example including comparisons between the optimal nominal, adaptive FIR, and the proposed design.
Bubbles and incentives: an experiment on asset markets

Abstract We explore the effects of competitive incentives and of their time horizon on the evolution of both asset prices and trading activity in experimental asset markets. We compare (i) a no-bonus treatment; (ii) a short-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of each trading period; (iii) a long-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of the 15 periods of the market. We find that the existence of bonus contracts does not increase the likelihood of bubbles but it affects their severity, depending on the time horizon of bonuses. Markets with long-term bonus contracts experience lower price deviations and a lower turnover of assets than markets with either no bonuses or long-term bonus contracts. Short-term bonus contracts increase price deviations but only when markets include a higher share of male traders. At the individual level, the introduction of bonus contracts increases the trading activity of males, probably due to their higher competitiveness.
Hyperphosphorylation of the N-terminal Domain of Cdc25 Regulates Activity toward Cyclin B1/Cdc2 But Not Cyclin A/Cdk2*

Cdc25 regulates entry into mitosis by regulating the activation of cyclin B/cdc2. In humans, at least two cdc25 isoforms have roles in controlling the G2/M transition. Here we show, using bacterially expressed recombinant proteins, that two cdc25B splice variants, cdc25B2 and cdc25B3, are capable of activating cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B/cdc2, but that mitotic hyperphosphorylation of these proteins increases their activity toward only cyclin B1/cdc2. Cdc25C has only very low activity in its unphosphorylated form, and following hyperphosphorylation it will efficiently catalyze the activation of only cyclin B/cdc2. This was reflected by the in vivo activity of the immunoprecipitated cdc25B and cdc25C from interphase and mitotic HeLa cells. The increased activity of the hyperphosphorylated cdc25s toward cyclin B1/cdc2 was in large part due to increased binding of this substrate. The substrate specificity, activities, and timing of the hyperphosphorylation of cdc25B and cdc25C during G2 and M suggest that these two mitotic cdc25 isoforms are activated by different kinases and perform different functions during progression through G2 into mitosis.
Results of faecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening, in average risk population, in a cohort of 1389 subjects

Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening, detection of precancerous lesions and early colorectal cancer. Material and methods The study evaluated asymptomatic patients with average risk (no personal or family antecedents of polyps or colorectal cancer), aged between 50 and 74 years. The presence of the occult haemorrhage was tested with the immunochemical faecal test Hem Check 1 (Veda Lab, France). The subjects were not requested to have any dietary or drug restrictions. Colonoscopy was recommended in all subjects that tested positive. Results In our study, we had a total of 1389 participants who met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 61.2 ± 12.8 years, 565 (40.7%) men and 824 (59.3%) women. FIT was positive in 87 individuals (6.3%). In 57/87 subjects (65.5%) with positive FIT, colonoscopy was performed, while the rest of the subjects refused or delayed the investigation. A number of 5 (8.8%) patients were not able to have a complete colonoscopy, due to neoplastic stenosis. The colonoscopies revealed in 10 cases (0.7%) cancer, in 29 cases (2.1%) advanced adenomas and in 15 cases (1.1%) non advanced adenomas from the total participants in the study. The colonoscopies performed revealed a greater percentage of advanced adenomas in the left colon compared to the right colon, 74.1% vs. 28.6% (p<0.001). Conclusions In our study, FIT had a positivity rate of 6.3%. The detection rate for advanced neoplasia was 2.8% (0.7% for cancer, 2.1% for advanced adenomas) in our study group. Adherence to colonoscopy for FIT-positive subjects was 65.5%.
The Selfish Grandma Gene: The Roles of the X-Chromosome and Paternity Uncertainty in the Evolution of Grandmothering Behavior and Longevity

When considering inclusive fitness, it is expected that individuals will provide more care towards those with whom they are more closely related. Thus, if a selfish X-linked genetic element influenced care giving, we would expect care giving to vary with X-relatedness. Recent studies have shown that X-chromosome inheritance patterns may influence selection of traits affecting behavior and life-history. Sexually antagonistic (SA) zygotic drive could encourage individuals to help those with whom they are more likely to share genetic material at the expense of other relatives. We reanalyze previously reported data in light of this new idea. We also evaluate the effects of paternity uncertainty on SA-zygotic drive. Our evidence suggests that human paternal discrepancy is relatively low. Using published models, we find the effects of paternal discrepancy do not override opportunity for selection based on X-relatedness. Based on these results, longevity and grandmothering behaviors, including favoritism, may be more heavily influenced by selection on the X-chromosome than by paternity uncertainty.
The distance to the LMC cluster NGC 1866; clues from the cluster Cepheid population

Recent investigations aimed at estimating the distance to t he young LMC cluster NGC 1866 have made use of Red Clump stars in the surrounding LMC field, together with em pirical and theoretical Main-Sequence fitting methods, and have found significantly different distances for the field an d the cluster, the latter being closer by in distance modulus by �(DM)�0.20 mag. In this paper we (re-)consider the Cepheid star population of NGC 1866, to try to shed some light on this discrepancy. By combining various extensive photometric datasets in B, V,I and single-epoch 2MASS JHK photometry, PL relationships for the cluster Cepheids are obtained. A comparison between the field LMC and cluster PL relationships for the reddening free Wesenheit index gives a firm determina tion of the distance between the cluster and the LMC main body (0.04 mag in distance modulus, the cluster being more distant) which, coupled to a model for the geometry of the LMC disk, provides �(DM) ranging between 0.0 and 0.11 mag. The simultaneous comparison of the PL relationships in B, V and I for the cluster and LMC field gives an estimate of the cluster r eddening, which results to be E(B V ) = 0.12 ± 0.02. This determination is higher than the canonical value of 0.06 mag used in all previous studies, but we show that it is not in contradiction with a re-analysis of independent esti mates. The adoption of the LMC extinction law recently presented by Gordon et al. (2003) does not change these results. The cluster Main Sequence fitting distance obtained with this new redd ening is DM = 18.58 ± 0.08, fully compatible with the Red Clump value of DM = 18.53 ±0.07(random) +0.02 −0.05 (systematic) and the Cepheid constraint on �(DM). Finally, we determined the distance to the cluster by using a Cepheid Wesenheit PL relationship with slope coming from LMC observations, and absolute magnitude zero point calibrated on Hipparcos parallaxes of Galactic Cepheids, in the assumption that the relationship is independent of metallicity; the resulting DM = 18.65 ± 0.10 is not an accurate estimate of the LMC distance because of possible metallicity effects but, when compared to the revised Main Sequence fitting value, it points out to a possibly weak depen dence of the Wesenheit PL relationship on the Cepheid chemical composition, at least in the period range between 2.5 and 3.5 days.
Corporate Culture/Team Culture: Removing the Hidden Barriers to Team Success

The challenge and meeting it sometimes it is not working corporate culture - the missing link changing culture to support teams a culture change model for success using the model - needs asessment using the model - executive direction using the model - infrastructure using the model - collaterall organization using the model - training using the model - evaluation using the model - putting it all together.
Competition from native hydrophytes reduces establishment and growth of invasive dense-flowered cordgrass (Spartina densiflora)

Experimental studies to determine the nature of ecological interactions between invasive and native species are necessary for conserving and restoring native species in impacted habitats. Theory predicts that species boundaries along environmental gradients are determined by physical factors in stressful environments and by competitive ability in benign environments, but little is known about the mechanisms by which hydrophytes exclude halophytes and the life history stage at which these mechanisms are able to operate. The ongoing invasion of the South American Spartina densiflora in European marshes is causing concern about potential impacts to native plants along the marsh salinity gradient, offering an opportunity to evaluate the mechanisms by which native hydrophytes may limit, or even prevent, the expansion of invasive halophytes. Our study compared S. densiflora seedling establishment with and without competition with Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis, two hydrophytes differing in clonal architecture. We hypothesized that seedlings of the stress tolerant S. densiflora would be out-competed by stands of P. australis and T. domingensis. Growth, survivorship, biomass patterns and foliar nutrient content were recorded in a common garden experiment to determine the effect of mature P. australis and T. domingensis on the growth and colonization of S. densiflora under fresh water conditions where invasion events are likely to occur. Mature P. australis stands prevented establishment of S. densiflora seedlings and T. domingensis reduced S. densiflora establishment by 38%. Seedlings grown with P. australis produced fewer than five short shoots and all plants died after ca. 2 yrs. Our results showed that direct competition, most likely for subterranean resources, was responsible for decreased growth rate and survivorship of S. densiflora. The presence of healthy stands of P. australis, and to some extent T. domingensis, along river channels and in brackish marshes may prevent the invasion of S. densiflora by stopping the establishment of its seedlings.
THE EVA® FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In this article, we argue that for many large companies the tops-down, earnings per share-based model of financial management that has long dominated corporate American is becoming obsolete. The most serious challenge to the long reign of EPS is coming from a measure of corporate performance called "economic value added," or EVA. EVA is by no means a new concept. Rather it is a practical, and highly flexible, refinement of economists' concept of "residual income"--the value that is left over after a company's stockholders (and all other important stakeholders) have been adequately compensated. For companies that aim to increase their competitiveness by decentralizing, EVA is likely to be the most sensible basis for evaluating and rewarding the periodic performance of empowered line people, especially those entrusted with major capital spending decisions. EVA, moreover, is not just a performance measure. When fully implemented, it is the centerpiece of an integrated financial management system that encompasses the full range of corporate financial decision-making--everything from capital budgeting, acquisition pricing, and the setting of corporate goals to shareholder communication and management incentive compensation. By putting all financial and operating functions on the same basis, an EVA system effectively provides a common language for employees across all corporate functions, linking strategic planning with the operating divisions, and the corporate treasury staff with investor relations and human resources. We begin by describing the shortcomings of the tops-down, EPS-based model of financial management. Next we explain the rise of hostile takeovers--as well as the phenomenal success of LBOs--in the 1980s as capital market responses to the deficiencies of the EPS model. The EVA financial management system, we go on to argue, borrows important aspects of the LBO movement--particularly, its focus on capital efficiency and ownership incentives--but without the high leverage and concentration of risk that limit LBOs to the mature sector of the U.S. economy. In the final section, we present the outlines of an EVA-based incentive compensation plan that is designated to simulate for managers and employees the rewards of ownership.
Macrophysical and microphysical properties of monsoon clouds over a rain shadow region in India from ground‐based radiometric measurements

The important radiative properties of clouds such as cloud optical depth (COD) and droplet effective radii (Re) are retrieved from the simultaneous measurements by ground‐based multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) and microwave radiometric profiler (MWRP), colocated at Mahabubnagar, a rain shadow region in southern Indian peninsula. Min and Harisson's (1996) retrieval algorithm is used for the first time to derive monsoon cloud properties in India. COD and liquid water path (LWP) retrieved from two independent instruments of MFRSR and MWRP showed reasonably good correlation. During monsoon (July to September) and postmonsoon (October) months, the maximum probability of occurrence of COD for overcast sky is 20. The maximum probability of occurrence of LWP is 100 gm−2 for water clouds during monsoon months, while October showed maximum occurrence at a lower value of 50 gm−2, where most of the times the cloud bases are above freezing level indicating mixed phase clouds. Maximum Re varied from 14–16 µm (10–12%) to 12 µm (9%) during monsoon to postmonsoon transition with very less probability of occurrence indicating the characteristic feature of this region. A case study showed that the mean Re from ground‐based and aircraft measurements are 12.0 ± 3.7 µm and 8.14 ± 1.4 µm, respectively, indicating a fairly good agreement within the experimental constraints. Intercomparison of ground‐based and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐Terra and MODIS‐Aqua‐derived COD, LWP and Re over the observational site for overcast and warm clouds indicates that on an average, MODIS‐retrieved mean COD and LWP are underestimated, while mean Re is overestimated as compared to ground retrievals.
Time Scales : From Nabla Calculus to Delta Calculus and Vice Versa via Duality

In this note we show how one can obtain results from the nablacalculus from results on thedelta calculus and vice versa via a duality argument. We provide applications of the main results to the calculus of variations on time scales. AMS Subject Classifications:39A10, 26E70, 49K05.
Job Tenure, Wages and Technology: A Reassessment Using Matched Worker-Firm Panel Data

This Paper presents new estimates of the impact of job tenure on wages using a new French matched worker-firm dataset. We develop an identification strategy that relies on one specific feature of the French labour laws. They stipulate that firms, when firing workers, must include as one of their criteria the number of dependent children of their employees. Our dataset confirms that workers with a relatively large number of dependent children at the entry in the firm are, ceteris paribus, less likely to be laid-off and have on average higher job tenure than their co-workers with a relatively small number of dependent children. Within this framework, the relative number of children at entry in the firm represents a plausibly valid instrumental variable for identifying the impact of job tenure on wages. Our new IV estimate of the return to job tenure (3.1% per year) is much larger than the OLS estimate (1%). This result holds true regardless of whether we focus on educated or non-educated workers, men or women. The downward bias which affects OLS estimates suggests that workers who receive relatively high wage offers tend to change firms more rapidly: they tend to have relatively high wages and low job tenure. Regarding trends, our new IV estimator suggests that the returns to job tenure have declined over the 1990s in the industries where the share of educated workers is the largest. The technologies that complement highly skilled labour seem to drive a decline in the incentive to keep workers over long periods of time and, as a consequence, a decline in the impact of tenure on wages.
Pengaruh tingkat kepuasan pelayanan, pemahaman perpajakan, keadilan perpajakan, sanksi perpajakan dan kesadaran perpajakan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi pada kpp pratama senapelan Pekanbaru

The purpose of this research was investigated the satisfaction services, understanding, justice, tax penalties and tax awareness to individual taxpayers. This study is a replication of Hanna (2008) study. It also intended to test the results of the previous study in different context This research use samples of Individual taxpayer underpayment in Pelayanan Pajak Kota Office Pekanbaru City Senapelan. This research use 100 samples of Individual taxpayer underpayment in Pelayanan Pajak Kota Office on Pekanbaru City Senapelan selected using purposive sampling method. The criteria of purposive sampling method individual taxpayers registered in Pekanbaru City Tax Office with the characteristics listed underpayment during year period 2009 until 2012. The statistical method uses in this research are multiple regressions by means of SPSS version 17.0 The results indicate that satisfaction services, understanding, justice, tax penalties have positive influence and significance to individual taxpayers. While tax awareness have positive influence and does not significance to individual taxpayers. Keywords : satisfaction services, understanding, justice, tax penalties, tax awareness, individual taxpayers
R&D, Market Structure and Trade: A General Equilibrium Analysis

That many industries exhibit highly concentrated market structures, even at the global level, calls for trade theoretic analyses which can accommodate this fact. We present a two-country, general equilibrium analysis in which high concentration levels can be sustained through the interaction between R&D and market structure, whilst emphasizing the effects of trade and industrial policy on wages and welfare. The world economy is characterized by asymmetric initial conditions and populations. If initial conditions are very different, freetrade reduces wages in a backward economy, relative to autarky. However, the advanced economy always achieves higher wages through trade. Welfare gains from trade arise when economies are either very similar or very different. In the intermediate case, when initial conditions are not too different, and the advanced economy’s population is not very large, the backward economy loses from trade, while the advanced economy gains. A compensation mechanism is feasible and would ensure that no nation loses from trade. The analysis provides formal criteria for the choice of trade partners and the formation of trade blocs. Moreover, industrial policy (an R&D subsidy) is shown to be neutral or ineffective, in the sense that it does not affect any real magnitudes.
Materializing the Nation: Commodities, Consumption, and Media in Papua New Guinea

Acknowledgments Introduction: Everyday Nation Making: The Case of Papua New Guinea 1. Take Care of Public Telephones: Moral Education and Nation-State Formation 2. Your Money, Our Money, the Government's Money: Finance and Fetishism in Melanesia 3. Print Advertisements and Nation Making 4. Commercial Mass Media: Notes on Agency, Bodies, and Commodity Consumption 5. The Commercial Construction of 'New' Nations 6. News of the World: Millenarian Christianity and the Olympic Torch Relay 7. Globalization: A Soft Drink Perspective Notes References Index