Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply to Cameron et al.: Mistakes Were Made. Can They Be Corrected?

ABSTRACT Cameron, Cameron, and Proctor (2017) have complained that Cameron and Cameron (1996) were not cited in some articles authored by this journal’s editor. As part of this editor’s policy of welcoming critiques of the editor or articles published in Marriage & Family Review, we are pleased to respond, as part of an assignment for a graduate course in statistics and research design. Although remarkable for its time in terms of sample design, Cameron and Cameron’s (1996) research featured substantial limitations or ambiguity in sampling attrition, measurement of parental sexual orientation, and small sample size with respect to the number of children with same-sex parents. Although we cannot recall the exact reasons for which the editor neglected to cite Cameron and Cameron (1996) in more frequency or detail, there were many scientifically reasonable possibilities. Cameron et al. (2017) are welcome to respond in detail to our concerns.
Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Protects from Fatal Neurotropic Infection with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Specific Inhibition of Viral Replication in Neurons

The innate immune system protects cells against invading viral pathogens by the auto- and paracrine action of type I interferon (IFN). In addition, the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 can induce alternative intrinsic antiviral responses. Although both, type I IFN and IRF-1 mediate their antiviral action by inducing overlapping subsets of IFN stimulated genes, the functional role of this alternative antiviral action of IRF-1 in context of viral infections in vivo remains unknown. Here, we report that IRF-1 is essential to counteract the neuropathology of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). IFN- and IRF-1-dependent antiviral responses act sequentially to create a layered antiviral protection program against VSV infections. Upon intranasal infection, VSV is cleared in the presence or absence of IRF-1 in peripheral organs, but IRF-1−/− mice continue to propagate the virus in the brain and succumb. Although rapid IFN induction leads to a decline in VSV titers early on, viral replication is re-enforced in the brains of IRF-1−/− mice. While IFN provides short-term protection, IRF-1 is induced with delayed kinetics and controls viral replication at later stages of infection. IRF-1 has no influence on viral entry but inhibits viral replication in neurons and viral spread through the CNS, which leads to fatal inflammatory responses in the CNS. These data support a temporal, non-redundant antiviral function of type I IFN and IRF-1, the latter playing a crucial role in late time points of VSV infection in the brain.
Subthalamic–pallidal interactions are critical in determining normal and abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and external globus pallidus (GP) form a recurrent excitatory–inhibitory interaction within the basal ganglia. Through a computational model of these interactions we show that, under the influence of appropriate external input, the two nuclei can be switched between states of high and low activity or can generate oscillations consisting of bursts of high-frequency activity repeated at a low rate. It is further demonstrated from the model that the generation of the repetitive bursting behaviour is favoured by increased inhibition of the GP, which is a condition indicated in Parkinson's disease. Paradoxically, increased striatal inhibition of the GP is predicted to cause an increase rather than a decrease in its mean firing rate. These behaviours, arising from a biologically inspired computational model of the STN–GP interaction, have important consequences for basal ganglia function and dysfunction.
A segmentation approach for touching char particles

Separation of touching char particles is required for measuring morphological characteristics. In this paper, a segmentation approach for touching char particles is presented. The proposed approach is fourfold. Firstly, contours are extracted. Secondly, concave points are identified by the means of measuring concavity using gradient directions at contour points. Concave points are candidates of touching point. Thirdly, separation lines are identified using location, length, blur and area. Fourthly, a decision criterion is derived for deciding whether to split a particle or not. Coal samples, from three Colombian regions (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, and Valle) and blend coals 50%-50% were devolatilised and chars were obtained. The proposed approach was evaluated using 180 images of char particles and compared to the Watershed algorithm. The evaluation was twofold: quantifying the accuracy in identifying touching particles and measuring the separation quality. An expert criterion was used, as a ground truth, for qualitative evaluations. A good agreement between the visual judgement and automatic results was obtained, using the proposed approach.
Women Language Features in Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire

The purpose of this study is to observe the types of women language features and the most frequent women language feature used by the main women characters in the dialogue of Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire play. Ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff is used to analyze the data. This study only observes eight out of ten women language features proposed by Robin Lakoff, namely tag question, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, hedges or fillers, empty adjectives, precise color terms, super polite form, and avoidance of strong swear words. This study excludes emphatic stress and rising intonation on declaratives feature. Due to the absence of any numeric data, this study uses descriptive qualitative approach. The data is taken from written script of the play which consists of eleven scenes. Seven women language features found namely lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, intensifier, empty adjectives, superpolite form, avoidance of strong swear words, and precise color terms. The most frequent feature is lexical hedges or fillers (59.49%) while no hypercorrect grammar is found. This study supports Lakoff theory since most of the features are found in the conversation of main women characters
Coordination mechanism of maintenance scheduling using modified PSO in a restructured power market

Global electricity market deregulation makes compatible changes and new challenges in power system operation planning problem. Maintenance is required for the generating unit to reduce the risk of capacity outage and to improve availability of units and thereby extending equipment lifetime. Modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) for the generator maintenance scheduling (MS) generates optimal, feasible solution and overcomes the limitation of the conventional methods such as extensive computational effort which increases exponentially as the size of the problem increases. The objective of this paper is to reduce the loss of load probability (LOLP) and maximize the profit of generating units using levelized risk method (LRM). Market participants submit the MS proposal based on market clearing price (MCP) and they request permission and receive approval for planned maintenance outages from the independent system operator (ISO) in competitive electricity markets. Mainly, we are concerned with a primary framework for ISO's maintenance coordination in order to determine LOLP values in the maintenance time intervals using LRM that uses LOLP convolution algorithm. The ISO will put forward its best endeavor to adjust individual generator maintenance schedules according to the estimated LOLP values. The proposed method is tested on five generating companies model of IEEE reliability test system (RTS) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the applicability of the elucidation scheme for large-scale MS coordination problems.
An explicit bound for stability of sinc bases

It is well known that exponential Riesz bases are stable. The celebrated theorem by Kadec shows that 1/4 is a stability bound for the exponential basis on L<sup>2</sup>(−π;π). In this paper we prove that α/π (where α is the Lamb-Oseen constant) is a stability bound for the sinc basis on L<sup>2</sup>(−π;π). The difference between the two values α/π−1/4, is ≈ 0.15, therefore the stability bound for the sinc basis on L<sup>2</sup>(−π;π) is greater than Kadec's stability bound (i.e. 1/4).
Understanding Social Network Usage: Impact of Co- Presence, Intimacy, and Immediacy

This study examines individuals' intentions and behaviour on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). The study proposed model asserts that "Co-presence", "Intimacy", "Immediacy", "Perceived Enjoyment", and "Perceived ease of use" formed individuals' "Attitude" towards "behavioral intention" to use SNSs. The results support all formulated hypotheses. The proposed model in this study explains 69% of individual's attitude or feelings towards adoption the SNSs, 59% of the variance in "Behavioral Intention" and 54% of the variance in "Usage Behaviour". The present study has shown the importance of social presence's factors, namely co-presence, intimacy, and immediacy, in explaining individuals' intentions and behavior. The study findings confirmed that social presence positively influence SNS usage indirectly through user attitude, and as aforementioned that three factors, namely co-presence, intimacy, and immediacy are framing the construct of social presence. Thus, this study is the first empirical effort to examine the impact of co-presence, intimacy, and immediacy in determining intention or behaviour.
Stress and inflammation reduce BDNF expression in first-episode psychosis: a pathway to smaller hippocampal volume

Background— Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported in the serum and plasma of patients with psychosis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential causes and consequences of reduced BDNF expression in these patients, by examining the association between BDNF levels and measures of stress, inflammation and hippocampal volume in first-episode psychosis. Methods— BDNF, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumour-necrosis-factor (TNF) alpha mRNA levels were measured in leukocytes of 49 first-episode psychosis patients (DSM-IV criteria) and 30 healthy controls, recruited between January 2006 and December 2008. In the same subjects, we measured salivary cortisol levels, and collected information about psychosocial stressors (number of childhood trauma, number of recent stressors, and perceived stress). Finally, hippocampal volume was measured, using brain MRI, in a subsample of 19 patients. Results— Patients had reduced BDNF (effect size d=1.3, p<0.001) and increased IL-6 (effect size d=1.1, p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (effect size d=1.7, p<0.001) gene expression levels, when compared with controls, as well as higher levels of psychosocial stressors. A linear regression analysis in patients showed that a history of childhood trauma and high levels of recent stressors predicted lower BDNF expression through an inflammation-mediated pathway (adjusted R square=0.23, p=0.009). In turn, lower BDNF expression, increased IL-6 expression, and increased cortisol levels, all significantly and independently predicted a smaller left hippocampal volume (adjusted R square=0.71, p<0.001). Conclusions— Biological changes activated by stress represent a significant factor influencing brain structure and function in first-episode psychosis, through an effect on BDNF. test differences in BDNF expression and other continuous variables between patients and controls. Parametric and non-parametric correlation analyses were used, as appropriate, to test the association between BDNF expression and psychosocial stress, inflammatory markers and cortisol levels, separately in patients and controls. A linear regression model was then used to test for predictors of BDNF expression and of hippocampal volume in patients.
Kreck-Stolz invariants for quaternionic line bundles

We generalise the Kreck-Stolz invariants s2 and s3 by defining a new invariant, the t-invariant, for quaternionic line bundles over closed spin- manifolds M of dimension 4k − 1 with H 3 (M;Q) = H 4 (M;Q) = 0. The t-invariant classifies closed smooth oriented 2-connected rational homology 7-spheres up to almost-diffeomorphism and detects exotic homeomorphisms between such manifolds. The t-invariant also provides information about quaternionic line bundles over a fixed manifold and we use it to give a new proof of a theorem of Feder and Gitler about the values of the second Chern classes of quaternionic line bundles over HP k . The t-invariant for S 4k−1 is closely related to the Adams e-invariant on the (4k − 5)-stem.
Copper Deficiency Exacerbates Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Injury and Fibrosis in Rats

Copper levels are elevated in a variety of liver fibrosis conditions. Lowering copper to a certain level protects against fibrosis. However, whether severe copper deficiency is protective against liver fibrosis is not known. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate this question by inducing severe copper deficiency using the copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate (TM), in a bile duct ligation (BDL) rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham, sham plus TM, BDL, and BDL plus TM. TM was given in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg by body weight by means of intragastric gavage, beginning 5 days after BDL. All animals were killed 2 weeks after surgery. Severe copper deficiency was induced by TM overdose in either sham or BDL rats, as shown by decreased plasma ceruloplasmin activity. Liver injury and fibrosis were exacerbated in BDL rats with TM treatment, as illustrated by robustly increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic collagen accumulation. Iron stores, as measured by plasma ferritin, were significantly increased in copper-deficient BDL rats. Moreover, hepatic heme oxygenase-1 expression was markedly down-regulated by copper deficiency in BDL rats. In addition, hepatic gene expression involving mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation was significantly up-regulated in BDL rats, and this increase was abolished by copper deficiency. In summary, severe copper deficiency exacerbates BDL-induced liver injury and liver fibrosis, probably caused by increased iron overload and decreased antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Repressing a Repressor

RGA (for repressor of ga1-3) and SPINDLY (SPY) are likely repressors of gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis because the recessive rga and spy mutations partially suppressed the phenotype of the GA-deficient mutant ga1-3. We found that neither rga nor spy altered the GA levels in the wild-type or the ga1-3 background. However, expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA4 was reduced 26% by the rga mutation, suggesting that partial derepression of the GA response pathway by rga resulted in the feedback inhibition of GA4 expression. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)–RGA fusion protein was localized to nuclei in transgenic Arabidopsis. This result supports the predicted function of RGA as a transcriptional regulator based on sequence analysis. Confocal microscopy and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that the levels of both the GFP-RGA fusion protein and endogenous RGA were reduced rapidly by GA treatment. Therefore, the GA signal appears to derepress the GA signaling pathway by degrading the repressor protein RGA. The effect of rga on GA4 gene expression and the effect of GA on RGA protein level allow us to identify part of the mechanism by which GA homeostasis is achieved.
NopB, a soybean cultivar-specificity protein from Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, is a type III secreted protein.

The type III secretion system (TTSS) of plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria is involved in translocation of virulence factors into the host cell cytosol where they modulate cellular processes. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 is a gram-negative soil bacterium that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on specific soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ). This microsymbiont is known to secrete at least five nodulation outer proteins (Nops) in response to flavonoid induction. Some of these Nops have been shown to be secreted by TTSS in this symbiotic bacterium. We have isolated and purified an 18-kDa extracellular protein from flavonoid-induced cultures of USDA257. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this purified protein was identical to the published sequence of the soybean cultivar-specificity protein, NopB (formerly NoIB). Inactivation of rhcN, which encodes an ATPase, abolished secretion of NopB. Similarly, a nonpolar nopB deletion mutant was compromised in its ability to secrete several Nops. A construct containing the coding region of nopB under control of a T7 promoter was expressed successfully in Escherichia coli and, subsequently, the recombinant NopB was purified by nickel-affinity column chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies raised against purified recombinant NopB were used in Western blot analysis to demonstrate the association of NopB with pilus-like surface appendages. Deletion analysis indicated that the first 33 N-terminal residues of NopB were necessary and sufficient to mediate the secretion of a green fluorescent protein reporter. Introduction of plasmid-borne extra copies of nopB into USDA257 resulted in lower accumulation of native NopB. We also show that USDA257 and its nonpolar nopB deletion mutant exhibited discernible differences in their ability to nodulate legume hosts.
Analysis with Deeply Learned Distributed Representations of Variable Length Texts

Learning good semantic vector representations for phrases, sentences and paragraphs is a challenging and ongoing area of research in natural language processing and understanding. In this project, we survey and implement several deeplearning and deep-learning-inspired approaches and evaluate these algorithms on several sentiment-labeled datasets and analysis tasks. In doing so, we demonstrate new state-of-the-art performance on the IMDB Large Movie Review Dataset [5] using highly-tuned paragraph vectors [4], and highly competitive performance on the Stanford Sentiment Treebank dataset [8] using Deep Recursive-NNs and LSTMs for both binary and fine classification tasks. Finally, we compare and analyze each model’s performance on our selection of sentiment analysis tasks.
Conditions for exchangeable coalescents to come down from infinity

An improved condition to come down from infinity for exchangeable coalescent processes with simultaneous multiple collisions of ancestral lineages is provided. For non-critical coalescents this leads to an improved necessary and sufficient condition for the coalescent to come down from infinity. Ananalog con- jecture for the full class of exchangeable coalescents is presented. New examples of critical coalescents are studied in detail. The results extend those obtained by J. Schweinsberg in Section 5.5 of 'Coalescents with simultaneous multiple collisions', Electron. J. Probab. 5, 1-50.
An Edge-on Circumstellar Disk in the Young Binary System HK Tauri

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of HK Tauri reveal that the companion star in this 2. ″4 (340 AU) pre-main-sequence binary system is an entirely nebulous object at visual wavelengths. HK Tau/c appears as two elongated reflection nebulosities separated by a dark lane. Near-infrared adaptive optics observations made at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope show a similar morphology and no directly visible star at λ≤2.2 μm. HK Tau/c is strikingly similar to scattered light models of an optically thick circumstellar disk seen close to edge-on and to the HST images of HH 30. HK Tau/c is therefore the first disk to be clearly resolved around an individual star in a young binary system. The disk properties have been constrained by fitting model reflection nebulae to the HST images. The disk has a radius of 105 AU, an inclination of about 5°, a scale height of 3.8 AU at r=50 AU, and is flared. The absence of a point source in the near-IR requires AV>50 mag toward the unseen central star. The thickness of the dark lane establishes a disk mass near 10-4 M☉ (~0.1 MJupiter) of dust and gas, if the dust grains have interstellar properties and remain fully mixed vertically. With the observed disk radius equal to one-third of the projected separation of the binary, there is a strong possibility that tidal truncation of the circumsecondary disk has occurred in this system.
The nature of the driving mechanism in the pulsating hybrid PG 1159 star Abell 43

We extend our previous pulsational stability analyses of PG 1159 stars by modeling the hybrid PG 1159 type star Abell 43. We show that the standard κ-mechanism due to the ionization of C and O in the envelope of this H-rich PG 1159 star is perfectly able to drive g-mode pulsations. Thus, contrary to a recent suggestion, there is no need to invoke any new or exotic mechanism to explain the pulsational instabilities observed in this particular star. Our expected instability band for l = 1 modes extends in period from ∼2604 s to ∼5529 s, which is consistent with the available photometric observations of Abell 43. We also suggest that efforts to detect luminosity variations in its sibling NGC 7094 be pursued.
Do insects use templates or parameters for landmark navigation?

As an explanation for the landmark navigation abilities of insects, the template hypothesis is currently clearly dominating the parameter hypothesis. In a series of computer simulations, this paper investigates the conspicuous behavior of desert ants in experimental setups with expanded landmark arrays. It is shown that a parameter-based model accounts much better for the data than different template models.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL GURU DENGAN PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI (SELF DISCLOSURE) PADA REMAJA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial guru terhadap pengungkapan diri (self disclosure) pada remaja. Pengungkapan Diri (Self Disclosure) kemampuan individu menyampaikan informasi pribadi yang belum pernah disampaikan pada teman, orang tua dan guru yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran, perasaan, pengalaman dan pendapat, sedangkan dukungan sosial guru merupakan bantuan guru yang diberikan pada siswa berupa pemberian kenyamanan, kepedulian serta ketersediaan bantuan melalui interaksi dengan siswa, sehingga memunculkan perasaan percaya atas bantuan yang diberikan. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah Skala Dukungan Sosial Guru (Σ aitem = 30, α = ,92) dan Skala Pengungkapan Diri (Σ AITEM = 26, α= , 88). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA N 8 Semarang terdiri dari 9 kelas dengan jumlah 321 siswa. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 kelas sebanyak 131 siswa yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi sederhana didapatkan bahwa rxy = . 30 (p< 0,001) artinya terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara dukungan sosial guru dan pengungkapan diri remaja. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin positif dukungan sosial guru yang dirasakan remaja maka semakin tinggi pengungkapan diri remaja. Diketahui bahwa sumbangan efektif dukungan sosial guru terhadap pengungkapan diri sebesar 9%, sedangkan 91% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diungkap dalam penelitian ini.