Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in acute pulmonary allograft rejection and cytomegalovirus infection

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, characterized by activation of endonucleases that cleave DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments, which can be identified by in situ terminal deoxyribon‐ucleotide transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL). This process has recently been implicated in cardiac and hepatic allograft rejection, and we investigated its contribution to acute pulmonary allograft rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis by in situ TUNEL of transbronchial biopsy specimens. In situ TUNEL was performed on 70 transbronchial biopsy samples collected from 25 pulmonary allograft recipients for diagnosis of acute rejection or CMV pneumonitis, and the number of apoptotic nuclei/mm2 was correlated with the rejection grade (International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation classification). During acute pulmonary allograft rejection, apoptotic nuclei were demonstrated in pulmonary parenchymal cells and mononuclear infiltrating cells, and the number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated with the rejection grade. In addition, a marked increase in the density of apoptotic cells was found in pulmonary allografts with CMV pneumonitis. We conclude that apoptosis contributes to cell death during acute pulmonary allograft rejection and CMV infection.
Conducta antisocial: asociación con psicopatología en niños y adolescentes Antisocial behavior: association with psychopathology in children and adolescents

Las conductas antisociales de los ninos y adolescentes son altamente prevalentes yconstituyen una de las principales causas de consultas recurrentes a centros de salud mental. Estos comportamientos generan diversas dificultades sobre el funcionamiento cotidiano de los individuos y su entorno social, y se asocian a multiples consecuencias negativas. Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia y la asociacion diferencial de las conductas antisociales con una mayor gravedad de los problemas de salud mental, segun el sexo y la edad de los individuos, eidentificar las variables de mediacion que ayuden a comprender la relacion entre lapsicopatologia de los padres y las conductas antisociales de sus hijos. Metodo: participaronninos, adolescentes y sus padres, que consultaron a centros de salud mental. Se utilizaronentrevistas diagnosticas, auto-informes y otras medidas para evaluar psicopatologia, deteriorofuncional y estilo educativo parental en los participantes. Las variables se analizaron mediante modelos de regresion logistica, binomial-negativa y multiple, y con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: la presencia de conductas antisociales no difirio significativamentesegun el sexo o la edad de los individuos, no obstante, se observo una prevalencia mayor de estas conductas entre los 13 y los 17 anos, y en el sexo masculino. Las conductas antisociales se asociaron diferencialmente con mayor gravedad y mas problemas en el funcionamiento dependiendo del sexo y la edad de los ninos. Por otro lado, el estilo educativo de sobreprotecciondel padre y de la madre mostro un papel mediador en la asociacion entre la psicopatologia parental y las conductas antisociales de sus hijos. No se observaron diferencias entre ninos y ninas en los modelos de mediacion estudiados. Conclusiones: en poblacion clinica esfundamental valorar las conductas antisociales segun el sexo y la edad de los individuos.Ademas, considerando los efectos especificos de la salud mental y el estilo educativo de sobreproteccion del padre y de la madre es importante promover la participacion de ambas figuras parentales en las intervenciones familiares con ninos que presentan conductas antisociales.
Geometric algorithms for clearance based optimal path computation

In path planning, it is often more practical to evaluate the quality of a path not only on the basis of its length but also on the clearance from obstacles. In this paper, we propose computational geometry methods to compute the shortest path with a user-specified minimum clearance between two points in the plane in the presence of disjoint, simple, polygonal obstacles. The algorithm has time complexity O(nlogn) where n is a multiple of the number of obstacle vertices. By setting the minimum clearance to zero, we demonstrate that our algorithm can provide a high quality approximation of the shortest path between source and destination points.
Application of molecular genetic methods in diagnostics and epidemiology of food‐borne bacterial pathogens

Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter and Yersinia species, Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium perfringens are the bacterial pathogens constituting the greatest burden of food‐borne disease in Finland. Several molecular genetic methods have been applied to diagnose, discriminate and survey these bacteria. PCR, PCR‐RFLP and PFGE are the most widely and successfully used. However, these methods are unable to replace conventional and internationally standardised phenotyping. Electronic database libraries of the different genomic profiles will enable continuous surveillance of infections and detection of possible infection clusters at an early stage. Furthermore, whole‐genome sequence data have opened up new insights into epidemiological surveillance. Laboratory‐based surveillance performed in a timely manner and exploiting adequate methods, and co‐operation at local, national and international levels are among the key elements in preventing food‐borne diseases. This paper reviews different applications of molecular genetic methods for investigating enteric bacterial pathogens and gives examples of the methods successfully used in diagnostics and epidemiological studies in Finland.
How can humanistic coaching affect employee well-being and performance? An application of self-determination theory

Coaching has established itself as a key component of employee learning and development. Yet, despite the prevalence and impact of coaching in organisations, there has been a lack of theory regarding the processes through which coaching behaviours influence outcomes for coachees (i.e. motivation, performance and well-being). As such, in the current review, we integrate theory from the emerging humanistic coaching literature with self-determination theory to explicate a process model of how different types of coaching practices (autonomy-, competency- and relatedness-supportive behaviours) that are integral to humanistic coaching influence employee outcomes through the attainment of psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness). The proposed model has practical implications to enhance the success of coaching relationships, in addition to creating a stronger theoretical foundation upon which humanistic coaching research and practice can draw.
A Method for Diagnosing and Planning the Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abusers (The Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis [ADAD] Instrument)

There is a need for a diagnostic method and an instrument appropriate for adolescent drug abuse clients, that permits the assignment of clients to the most appropriate treatment setting, provides the basis for individualized treatment planning, and facilitates comparability across research studies. The development of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD), a 150-item instrument with a structured interview format, modeled after the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) (which is for adults), is described. The ADAD produces a broad-spectrum comprehensive evaluation of the client, the interviewer's ten-point severity ratings, and composite scores for each of nine life problem areas that are often relevant to the treatment needs of adolescent drug abuse clients. A series of validity and reliability tests are described. The characteristics of the standardization sample (N = 1,042), and the comparison of the characteristics of the three subsamples (outpatient, residential or non-hospital, and inpatient) are also presented.
Testosterone Stimulates Mounting Behavior and Arginine Vasotocin Expression in the Brain of both Sexual and Unisexual Whiptail Lizards

In nonmammalian vertebrates the abundance of arginine vasotocin (AVT) neurons in the brain is sexually dimorphic, a pattern that is modulated by testicular androgen. This peptide is thought to be involved in the control of male-typical mounting behaviors. The all-female desert-grasslands whiptail (Cnemidophorus uniparens) reproduces by obligate parthenogenesis and in nature no males exist, but eggs treated with aromatase inhibitor hatch into individuals (called virago C. uniparens) having testes, accessory sex structures, high circulating concentrations of androgens, and exhibiting only male-like copulatory behavior. To examine the ‘sexual’ dimorphism of AVT-containing neurons in these animals, we compared AVT immunoreactivity in gonadectomized control and virago C. uniparens, with that of gonadectomized male and female Cnemidophorus inornatus, a sexual species that is the maternal ancestor to the parthenogenetic species. Mounting behavior is elicited in both species and both sexes by testosterone, and it was predicted that the distribution and abundance of AVT cell bodies and fibers would reflect the propensity of males and females of the two species to display male-typical copulatory behavior. Since both this propensity and AVT abundance are controlled by androgens, we compared testosterone-implanted and control animals within each group. Testosterone treatment generally increased AVT abundance, except in lab-reared parthenoforms, in which testosterone treatment was the least effective in inducing male-like copulatory behavior.
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in layer 5 of the rat postrhinal cortex

The postrhinal (POR) cortex of the rat is homologous to the parahippocampal cortex of the primate based on connections and other criteria. POR provides the major visual and visuospatial input to the hippocampal formation, both directly to CA1 and indirectly through connections with the medial entorhinal cortex. Although the cortical and hippocampal connections of the POR cortex are well described, the physiology of POR neurons has not been studied. Here, we examined theelectrical and morphological characteristics of layer 5 neurons from POR cortex of 14‐ to 16‐day‐old rats using an in vitro slice preparation. Neurons were subjectively classified as regular‐spiking (RS), fast‐spiking (FS), or low‐threshold spiking (LTS) based on their electrophysiological properties and similarities with neurons in other regions of neocortex. Cells stained with biocytin included pyramidal cells and interneurons with bitufted or multipolar dendritic patterns. Similarity analysis using only physiological data yielded three clusters that corresponded to FS, LTS, and RS classes. The cluster corresponding to the FS class was composed entirely of multipolar nonpyramidal cells, and the cluster corresponding to the RS class was composed entirely of pyramidal cells. The third cluster, corresponding to the LTS class, was heterogeneous and included both multipolar and bitufted dendritic arbors as well as one pyramidal cell. We did not observe any intrinsically bursting pyramidal cells, which is similar to entorhinal cortex but unlike perirhinal cortex. We conclude that POR includes at least two major classes of neocortical inhibitory interneurons, but has a functionally restricted cohort of pyramidal cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous, elicited and cued causal attributions in the year following a first myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES To assess myocardial infarction (MI) patients' causal beliefs, how they change over time and the effects of different assessment methods. METHOD The study used a longitudinal design with a follow-up to 1 year. The participants were 100 MI patients who were recruited within 72 hours of admission. Each participant was interviewed and their causal attributions (spontaneous, elicited and cued) were assessed using four different methods. RESULTS 'Stress', 'smoking', 'it is in the family', 'eating fatty foods' and 'work' items were the most commonly mentioned causes for the MI at all times of measurement and across all measures. On each occasion 'stress' and 'smoking' were selected as the most important causes and patients made fewer attributions over time. Finally, the attributional assessment method used did not affect type of attributions but fewer attributions were reported using the spontaneous method. CONCLUSION Patients do provide causal attributions following an MI. While many are similar to causal factors identified by medicine, patients appear to place more emphasis on 'stress'. As predicted by attribution theory, attributions changed over time. The method of obtaining the attributions does not appear to affect the attributions made but greatly affects their number. While all the methods used have their place, the cued method with a list of possible attributions offers a rich return for effort expended.
Studying the Balance of the Coper and Non-Coper ACL-Deficient Knee Subjects

Purpose It seems that there is an association between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and stability of the knee. This study aimed to evaluate the balance condition of the injured and non-injured sides of the coper and non-coper ACL-D (deficient) subjects during single and bilateral standing conditions. Methods This case-control study was carried out on 10 coper and 5 non-coper ACL-D knee subjects and 15 sex-age matched healthy subjects. A Zebris platform pedobarograph tool was used in this study. The subjects were tested barefoot during single and bilateral leg stance conditions. The outcome measurements included measurement of the center of pressure (COP) path line length, confidence ellipse area and sway velocity. Results In double leg stance, data analysis revealed that the COP path line length, confidence ellipse area and sway velocity all showed a significant increase in the injured leg of the non-coper ACL-D subjects when compared to the injured leg of the coper ACL-D and healthy subjects (P=0.002). During single leg stance, all of the parameters showed significant increase in the injured leg of both coper and non-copers of the ACL-D subjects relative to the healthy subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion This study confirmed a balance deficiency in the injured and apparently healthy leg of the non-coper and coper ACL-D knee subjects. Increased COP path line length, sway velocity and the coinfidence ellipse area clearly showed an impaired body balance. The reduced postural control of the non-coper ACL-D knee subjects in bilateral standing could be more evidence of their poor knee stability status.
The Detection of Large HNO3-Containing Particles in the Winter Arctic Stratosphere

Large particles containing nitric acid (HNO3) were observed in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter stratosphere. These in situ observations were made over a large altitude range (16 to 21 kilometers) and horizontal extent (1800 kilometers) on several airborne sampling flights during a period of several weeks. With diameters of 10 to 20 micrometers, these sedimenting particles have significant potential to denitrify the lower stratosphere. A microphysical model of nitric acid trihydrate particles is able to simulate the growth and sedimentation of these large sizes in the lower stratosphere, but the nucleation process is not yet known. Accurate modeling of the formation of these large particles is essential for understanding Arctic denitrification and predicting future Arctic ozone abundances.
A Power Scaling Analysis of Norm-Based Antenna Selection Techniques

In this paper we consider transmit and receive selection methods designed to achieve high channel capacities in a single-user MIMO link. A variety of radio channels are considered, including i.i. d. Rayleigh, correlated Rayleigh and Ricean fading environments. Also considered is the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and a simplified waterfllling scheme. In all cases, we evaluate the performance of optimal selection, simple norm-based selection and other benchmark selection techniques. The major contribution is a general approach to analyzing the capacity of the norm-based selection schemes via a simple power scaling factor. We are able to assess the impact of different channels, imperfect CSI and power allocation using this power scaling factor. Furthermore, the analysis is valid for all scenarios: transmit selection, receive selection and joint transmit-receive selection. Results are shown which compare the capacity performance over a wide range of cases. A notable conclusion is that optimal selection, which is computationally intensive, is outperformed at low signal-to-noise- ratios by the simple norm-based approach with power allocation.
Developmental competence of morphologically poor oocytes in relation to follicular size and oocyte diameter in the pig

The objective of this study was to assess the practical usefulness of morphologically poor oocytes (MPCOCs) in relation to follicular size and oocyte diameter. Oocytes collected from medium (3–8 mm in diameter) and small (<3 mm) follicles were classified into five categories of morphologically good oocytes (MGCOCs) from medium follicles (MA, control), MPCOCs with larger and smaller diameters from medium follicles (ML and MS, respectively), and those from small follicles (SL and SS, respectively). The oocytes were examined for maturation and developmental competence after parthenogenesis and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Nuclear maturation of ML oocytes (91%) was similar to that of control oocytes (94%), but higher than MS (80%), SL (79%), and SS (63%) oocytes. This pattern was also observed in the intracellular glutathione level, p34cdc2 kinase activity, and gene (CDK1, PCNA, and ERK2) expression levels in in vitro‐matured oocytes. ML oocytes showed a similar proportion of blastocyst formation (20%) after SCNT to control oocytes (21%). In addition, the use of ML oocytes resulted in a 50% farrowing rate with 1.8% efficiency of piglet production after SCNT embryo transfer, while control oocytes showed a 60% farrowing rate with 2.4% production efficiency. Our results demonstrate that MPCOCs, if appropriately selected, have a comparable ability to MGCOCs in supporting not only in vitro blastocyst formation, but also development to term in vivo after SCNT. These oocytes can be used as a source for in vitro production of embryos with normal in vivo viability in pigs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 330–339, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged unloading of rat soleus muscle causes distinct adaptations of the gene profile

Using commercially available microarray technology, we investigated a series of transcriptional adaptations caused by atrophy of rat m. soleus due to 35 days of hindlimb suspension. We detected 395 out of 1,200 tested transcripts, which reflected 1%–5% of totally expressed genes. From various cellular functional pathways, we detected multiple genes that spanned a 200‐fold range of gene expression levels. Statistical analysis combining L1 regression with the sign test based on the conservative Bonferroni correction identified 105 genes that underwent transcriptional adaptations with atrophy. Generally, expressional changes were discrete (<50%) and pointed in the same direction for genes belonging to the same cellular functional units. In particular, a distinct expressional adaptation of genes involved in fiber transformation; that is, metabolism, protein turnover, and cell regulation were noted and matched to corresponding transcriptional changes in nutrient trafficking. Expressional changes of extracellular proteases, and of genes involved in nerve‐muscle interaction and excitation‐contraction coupling identify previously not recognized adaptations that occur in atrophic m. soleus. Considerations related to technical and statistical aspects of the array approach for profiling the skeletal muscle genome and the impact of observed novel adaptations of the m. soleus transcriptome are put into perspective of the physiological adaptations occurring with muscular atrophy.
Individual characteristics and the arousal of mixed emotions: consequences for the effectiveness of charity fundraising advertisements

Charities that deal with emotionally upsetting issues (severe physical disfigurement, cruelty to animals, etc.) frequently include in their fundraising materials images and messages with the potential to cause substantial psychological distress to some members of the public. Often, the materials presented arouse mixed positive and negative emotions within viewers. This study examined the influences of a number of potential antecedents of the stimulation of mixed emotions among individuals confronted with highly emotional charity fundraising advertisements. The research sought to identify the type of person most likely to experience mixed emotions when observing an emotional charity advertisement, the specific kinds of emotion felt most deeply by individuals with various characteristics, and the consequences of mixed emotions for a person's attitude towards the advertisement and for the individual's behavioural intention vis-a-vis future donations. Three made-up charity advertisements were presented to a sample of 771 respondents. A model was constructed to predict the participants' emotional reactions to the advertisements and was estimated, the results suggesting that mixed emotions represented an important determinant of both attitude towards the advertisement and the sample members' behavioural intention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: The Role of Interbody Disc Height, Angulation, and Spinous Process Distance

Objective: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a successful procedure for the degenerative cervical spine. One goal of the fusion is to restore the loss of disc height that results from the degenerative process. Whereas cervical alignment improves with increased disc height, the ideal graft size used for disc space restoration is unknown. Few studies have examined the relationships between these changes in cervical alignment and clinical outcomes. Methods: All patients underwent a single-level ACDF at the authors' institution. Radiographs at early and final follow-up were examined, and three measurements were made: disc height, disc space angulation, and spinous process distance. These radiographic measurements were correlated with Visual Analog Scales (VASs) for neck and arm pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: There were significant changes in disc height (5.3 vs 7.0 mm) as well as disc space angulation (3.3° vs 0.1°). Reduction in neck pain VAS score (6.7 vs 3.2) and arm pain VAS score (5.1 vs 2.3) was significant. ODI scores were not statistically different, but improvement of 20.1% was observed. Correlations between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were moderate to low, and none was significant. Conclusions: While restoration of cervical alignment and disc height is important, clinical results are critical in analysis of outcomes following ACDF. We have shown that although clinical outcomes remain good, there does not appear to be any strong correlation with radiographic results. Emphasis on restoration of cervical alignment appears justified, but its influence on clinical outcomes may be overstated.