Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tele‐methylhistamine 1 distribution in rat brain

EVIDENCE accumulated from a variety of biochemical and physiological observations makes it likely that histamine serves as a transmitter in mammalian brain (GREEN el af., 1977; SCHWARTZ, 1977). The metabolic fate of brain histamine is methylation, yielding tele-methylhistamine [1-methyl-4-(~-aminoethyl)-imidazole, t-MHJ. For the structure or a nomenclatural discussion see BLACK & GANELLIN (1974). The role of t-MH in brain is likely to be nothing more than that of a transmitter metabolite. On the other hand, it has been suggested that t-MH might have an independent brain function (GREEN, 1970). This would be reminiscent of the relationship between dopamine and norepinephrine or serotonin and melatonin. In fact, t-MH has been shown to be as potent as histamine when applied iontophoretically to cortical neurons (PHILLIS et af., 1968). It lacks activity on classical H I or H2 receptors, however, (BLACK er d., 1972). Recently, we have developed a sensitive and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for measuring subnanogram amounts of t-MH in tissue (HOUGH et al., in press) and shown t-MH to be an endogenous substrate for type B monoamine oxidase (HOUGH
A Survey of Dynamic Motion Generation and Control for Virtual Characters

A clear, overall picture of virtual character dynamic based motion generation and control methods is provided, which has a beneficial reference to the further research in this area. This survey concentrates on two core parts in dynamic motion control: how to build the dynamic simulator and how to establish the controller to realize various tasks. In the end,
Effects of social stress on pain behavior, immune cells and serum concentrations of TNF-α, Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in female mice

Introduction: Based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. In this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in Balb/C mice. Methods: The present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivation, food intake inequality and unstable social status (cage-mate change every 3 days) in 48 female mice. Formalin test was performed and thereafter the viability of peritoneal macrophages and spleen lymphocytes was evaluated by MTT assay. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL- 1 and TNF-α were also measured. Results: Our results showed that the implementation of food deprivation and inequality induced significant changes in chronic phase of formalin test compared to the control group (P<0.05). Pain perception was considerably decreased and this decline in inequality exposed subjects was well above the isolated ones. However, unstable social situation did not affect pain perception. Moreover, cell viability of peritoneal macrophages decreased, while cell viability of spleen lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokines concentrations were increased in the serum of all stressed animals in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results revealed that although food deprivation and social inequality can induce analgesia, some socioeconomic situations like social instability does not affect pain perception. All of these situations decrease cell viability in macrophages but enhance cell viability in lymphocytes. It seems that a proinflammatory stress condition is involved in these situations.
Title Subcellular Localization of Carotenoid Biosynthesis inSynechocystis sp . PCC 6803

The biosynthesis pathway of carotenoids in cyanobacteria is partly described. However, the subcellular localization of individual steps is so far unknown. Carotenoid analysis of different membrane subfractions in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 shows that “light” plasma membranes have a high carotenoid/protein ratio, when compared to “heavier” plasma membranes or thylakoids. The localization of CrtQ and CrtO, two well-defined carotenoid synthesis pathway enzymes in Synechocystis, was studied by epitope tagging and western blots. Both enzymes are locally more abundant in plasma membranes than in thylakoids, implying that the plasma membrane has higher synthesis rates of β-carotene precursor molecules and echinenone.
Ontology-based service layering for facilitating alternative service discovery

To provide dynamic services for users in a ubiquitous environment, an efficient context-aware service discovery mechanism is essential. Most of current researches are focused on composing services which satisfy pre-defined service specifications, by checking the availability of the devices and finding services that satisfy the user's preference. In this paper, we introduce a process for building a ubiquitous service ontology, and propose the specification to describe each service. With the service ontology, using the concept of service availability, not device availability, our method could discover the most appropriate service, and replace of it if the service requested is unavailable. The experimental result shows that our service ontology for home domain could reduce, on the average, more than 36% of the time required to discover alternative services compare to using just a flat list of services.
Ochratoxin A Contamination of Food from Croatia

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus moulds under different climatic conditions. Humans and animals are exposed to this compound mainly via ingestion of contaminated food. In Croatia, research on mycotoxins focused on OTA when the mycotoxin theory of endemic nephropathy (EN) was postulated. Ochratoxin A was more frequent and at higher concentration in foods from EN than those from the control regions. Subsequently, OTA concentrations were determined in some commodities intended for human consumption such as maize, wheat, beans and wine. Samples from all parts of Croatia were analyzed and OTA was found in all types of commodities. It was frequently found together with other mycotoxins (fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and zearalenone). In general, OTA concentration in foods from Croatia is low, but the frequency of positive samples shows considerable variations from year to year depending also on sampling location. Although low levels of OTA were found in a large proportion of analyzed food samples, its persistent co-occurrence with other significant mycotoxins should raise serious public health concerns as there interactions may be synergistic or additive in causing toxicity in humans and animals. There is need to establish control measures through which such contaminations in foods can be managed.
Boron Abundances in Early B Stars: Results from the B III Resonance Line in IUE Data

We have used archival International Ultraviolet Explorer high-dispersion SWP spectra to study the B III resonance line at 2065.8 Å in 44 early B stars. We find a median boron abundance about half that of solar system meteoritic material, consistent with the values found from previous studies of boron in early B stars. About one-third of the stars studied appear to have boron abundances that are a factor of 4 or more lower than this median. Many of these are stars with enhanced nitrogen abundances, confirming the belief that deep envelope mixing can occur in main-sequence B stars. A few stars with low boron abundances have normal N/C ratios. It is unclear whether all of these can be explained as stars where mixing depleted the boron but did not go deep enough to bring CN-processed material to the surface or if some stars were actually formed with an unusually low boron abundance.
Causal Theories: A Categorical Perspective on Bayesian Networks

In this dissertation we develop a new formal graphical framework for causal reasoning. Starting with a review of monoidal categories and their associated graphical languages, we then revisit probability theory from a categorical perspective and introduce Bayesian networks, an existing structure for describing causal relationships. Motivated by these, we propose a new algebraic structure, which we term a causal theory. These take the form of a symmetric monoidal category, with the objects representing variables and morphisms ways of deducing information about one variable from another. A major advantage of reasoning with these structures is that the resulting graphical representations of morphisms match well with intuitions for flows of information between these variables. These categories can then be modelled in other categories, providing concrete interpretations for the variables and morphisms. In particular, we shall see that models in the category of measurable spaces and stochastic maps provide a slight generalisation of Bayesian networks, and naturally form a category themselves. We conclude with a discussion of this category, classifying the morphisms and discussing some basic universal constructions. ERRATA: (i) Pages 41-42: Objects of a causal theory are words, not collections, in $V$, and we include swaps as generating morphisms, subject to the identities defining a symmetric monoidal category. (ii) Page 46: A causal model is a strong symmetric monoidal functor.
Auditor Dismissals After Accounting Restatements

This study examines the conditions under which financial restatements lead corporate boards to dismiss independent auditors and how the market responds to those dismissal announcements. We find that auditors are dismissed at higher than normal rates after restatements, but in contrast to prior research on CEO/CFO turnover, we find no evidence of differential dismissal rates across restatement types (i.e., irregularities vs. errors) for Big 4 auditors. For non-Big 4 firms, however, we do find that dismissal rates are higher for restatements resulting from irregularities as compared to errors. This evidence is consistent with the benefits from re-establishing reporting credibility outweighing the lower switching costs for smaller auditors after more damaging restatements. In addition, we test the market reaction to auditor dismissals and find that the market responds positively to auditor dismissal announcements after restatements. The reaction to the dismissal is significantly more positive following restatements involving irregularities (7.6%) rather than errors (1.3%) when the client engages a comparably sized or larger successor auditor. This positive market reaction is consistent with a firm’s ability to restore credibility by replacing their auditor and highlights the important role that auditors play in monitoring financial reporting. We are grateful for helpful comments from Daniel Beneish, Ross Fuerman, Brad Lawson, Michael Willenborg, anonymous referees, and workshop participants at Florida State University, George Mason University, George Washington University, Northwestern University, Pennsylvania State University, Rice University, University of British Columbia, University of Miami, University of Texas at Dallas, the AAA 2011 Southwestern Region Meeting, and the AAA 2011 Annual Meeting. We also thank Gennaro Bernile for data on the income statement effects of the GAO restatements and John Barrios, Matt Cobabe, Andrew Fernandez, Colton Fenton, Ken House, Xuerong Huang, Elizabeth McManus, Matthew Robinson, Qing Shu, Mark SooHoo, Matthew Sooy, and Lindsay Yohn for research assistance. An earlier version of this paper was circulated under the title “Accounting Restatements and Auditor Accountability. ”
Analysis of the promoter and cis-acting elements regulating expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcripts

In latently infected neurons, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) expresses one abundant family of transcripts, the latency-associated transcripts (LATs). We demonstrate here that the sequence lying about 700 bp upstream of the 5' end of the HSV-2 major LAT acts as a very strong promoter in transient expression assays in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Transcription starts about 27 to 32 bp downstream of a functional TATA box. The proximal fragment from -102 to +34 includes the basal promoter and accounts for constitutive transcriptional activity in various cell lines. The distal region from -392 to -103 contributes to particularly strong promoter activity in neuronal cell lines and involves multiple cis-acting elements. A functional activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein motif lies just upstream of the TATA. By DNase I footprint and methylation protection assays, we identified several additional protein-binding sites upstream of the activating transcription factor/cAMP response element binding protein motif. A GC-rich element, termed LAT-3, was located between bases -128 to -102. A 2-bp substitution in LAT-3 markedly reduced promoter activity and abolished protein-binding ability in vitro. Gel retardation assay showed no competition for protein binding to LAT-3 by other GC-rich elements. LAT-3 appears to be a novel cis-acting element that may contribute to the neuronal responsiveness of the HSV-2 LAT promoter.
Researching ‘under the radar’ practices: exploring restorative practices in sexual violence cases

Sexual violence is a pernicious social phenomenon. The limited effectiveness of traditional justice responses has resulted in a search for alternative and innovative responses. This article highlights research and presents findings regarding one such innovative response to sexual violence: restorative justice. While the study adopted a multi-strategy research design to explore the potential of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence this article focuses in particular on one aspect of that design: a webbased survey used to map the global population of programmes engaging in these practices. The article highlights the many challenges inherent in researching emerging social responses and suggests that web-based surveys offer a means of mapping emerging or ‘under the radar’ practices and harvesting important qualitative as well as quantitative data on sensitive topics. They may be especially valuable when populations are geographically dispersed. However, tailoring survey instruments for respondents who are multi-lingual presents difficulties, particularly when the issues under investigation are linguistically and cognitively complex.
Cyst Viability, Organ Distribution and Financial Losses due to Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered At Dessie Municipal Abattoir, North-eastern Ethiopia -

A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 to assess the prevalence, cyst viability, organ distribution and financial losses of bovine hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir. Postmortem inspection, cyst characterization and financial loss estimations were conducted. Out of 610 inspected cattle, 83 (13.61%) were harbouring a single or multiple hydatid cysts. Significantly (P 0.05) was not observed in different age groups. Anatomically, the cysts were distributed 68.67% in the lung, 14.46% in the liver, 6.02% in the kidneys, 1.2% in the heart and 9.64% were found both in the lung and liver. Of the total examined cysts (195) for fertility and viability, 27 (13.85%) were fertile, 44 (22.56%) were calcified, 124 (63.59%) were sterile. The rate of cyst calcification was higher in the liver (78.14%) than other organs whilst the fertility percentage was higher in the lung (14.65%). Of the total 27 fertile cysts subjected to viability test, 13 (6.67%) were viable. Size assessment made on 195 cysts indicated that 153 (78.46%) were small, 41 (21.03%) were medium and one (0.51%) were large sized cysts. In the present study, the total annual economic loss from organ condemnation and carcass weight loss due to hydatidosis was estimated as 681,333.87 Ethiopian birr which is about 39157.12 United States dollar per annum based on the local market prices in the study period. The result of this study revealed that hydatidosis is an economically important disease of cattle which necessitates designing of appropriate strategies for its control.
Curative Activities of Township Hospitals in Weifang Prefecture, China: An Analysis of Environmental and Supply-Side Determinants

Township hospitals, which are an important link of the Chinese rural healthcare system, were affected by the successive socio-economic reforms since the 1980s. As a consequence, their utilization declined. From longitudinal data covering nine years (2000-2008) and 24 township hospitals randomly selected in Weifang prefecture (Shandong province, China), this article analyses the environmental and supply-side determinants of the volume of township hospitals curative activities, measured by the number of outpatient visits and that of discharged patients. The Hausman-Taylor and the Fixed-Effect Vector Decomposition estimators are used in order to cope with time-invariant variables. Results of the estimations are confronted and highlight similar outcomes. Findings show that the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme, introduced in 2003, has contributed to increase the activity of township hospitals, although financial barriers remain to the access to expensive medical services. The analyses underline also that referral practices between health facilities levels should be reinforced and that the size of the township hospitals needs to be adequate with environmental factors as they appear to be over-sized.
A Women-Centric Approach: Key to Satisfaction With Agency Services

Involvement of women in commercial sexual activity (CSA) has always been viewed from a moralistic point of view in India, with legislations attempting to rescue and rehabilitate them. Some, however, look at this involvement as legitimate work. Agencies engaged in service provision align themselves to these differing ideologies. This article examines the organizational frameworks and ideologies of agencies engaged in service provision to women in or exiting from CSA, along with assessing women’s level of satisfaction and the duration of services received from these agencies. In doing so, 40 service providers from nine agencies across five major cities in India were interviewed, and 163 women receiving services from these agencies participated in a survey. The findings revealed that agencies differed based on their guiding principles, factors determining services, structure, involvement of peers/survivors, and decision-making process. The level of satisfaction with services, and duration of services received, was the highest for those in women-centric agencies and the lowest in government state protective homes. Agencies assisting women in CSA must consider adopting non-institutional-based and women-centric service approaches, as this would make a real difference to those being assisted.
Power-aware HEVC decoding with tunable image quality

A high pressure is put on mobile devices to support increasingly advanced applications requiring more processing capabilities. Among those, the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) provides a better video quality for the same bit rate than the previous H.264 standard. A limitation in the usability of a mobile video playing device is the lack of support for guaranteeing stand-by time and up time for battery driven devices. The Green Metadata initiative within the MPEG standard was launched to address the power saving issues of the decoder and defines the technology requirements. In this paper, we propose a HEVC decoder with tunable decoding quality levels for maximum power savings as suggested in the scope of the Green Metadata initiative. Our experiments reveal that the modified HEVC video decoder can save up to 28% of power consumption in real-world platforms while keeping better quality than decoding with H.264.
The Effect of Anesthetic Technique on Postoperative Outcomes in Hip Fracture Repair

Background: The impact of anesthetic choice on postoperative mortality and morbidity has not been determined with certainty. Methods: The authors evaluated the effect of type of anesthesia on postoperative mortality and morbidity in a retrospective cohort study of consecutive hip fracture patients, aged 60 yr or older, who underwent surgical repair at 20 US hospitals between 1983 and 1993. The primary outcome was defined as death within 30 days of the operative procedure. The secondary outcomes were postoperative 7-day mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction, postoperative pneumonia, postoperative congestive heart failure, and postoperative change in mental status. Numerous comorbid conditions were controlled for individually and by several comorbidity indices using logistic regression. Results: General anesthesia was used in 6,206 patients (65.8%) and regional anesthesia in 3,219 patients (3,078 spinal anesthesia and 141 epidural anesthesia). The 30-day mortality rate in the general anesthesia group was 4.4%, compared with 5.4% in the regional anesthesia group (unadjusted odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.66–0.97). However, the adjusted odds ratio for general anesthesia increased to 1.08 (0.84–1.38). The adjusted odds ratios for general anesthesia versus regional anesthesia for the 7-day mortality was 0.90 (0.59–1.39) and for postoperative morbidity outcomes were as follows: myocardial infarction: adjusted odds ratio = 1.17 (0.80–1.70); congestive heart failure: adjusted odds ratio = 1.04 (0.80–1.36); pneumonia: adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 (0.87–1.68); postoperative change in mental status: adjusted odds ratio = 1.08 (0.95–1.22). Conclusions: The authors were unable to demonstrate that regional anesthesia was associated with better outcome than was general anesthesia in this large observational study of elderly patients with hip fracture. These results suggest that the type of anesthesia used should depend on factors other than any associated risks of mortality or morbidity.
Pengaruh Kepercayaan, Kualitas Layanan, dan Keamaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Kasus Pada Tokopedia.com)

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi di dunia khususnya internet mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat. Jenis e-commerce yang berkembang di dunia, namun hanya ada beberapa jenis e-commerce yang berkembang di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis e-commerce yang saat ini berkembang pesat di Indonesia adalah e-commerce jenis marketplace. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepercayaan, kualitas layanan, dan keamanan secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian Tokopedia.com . Data penelitian ini berupa data primer yang bersumber dari kuesioner langsung maupun kuesioner online dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 180 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive sampling (judgmental). Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif (uji validitas dan reliabilitas), Analisis Statistik Deskriptif, analisis regresi linier berganda, Uji Hipotesis (uji t dan uji F) dan Koefisien Korelasi Berganda dan koefisien Determinasi Berganda (R2) dengan software IMB SPSS 22.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel kepercayaan, kualitas layanan, dan keamanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Sedangkan secara simultan variabel kepercayaan, kualitas layanan, dan keamanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan. Semakin baik Kepercayaan, Kualitas Layanan, dan Keamanan maka semakin tinggi tingkat Keputusan Pembelian yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci: Kepercayaan, Kualitas Layanan, Keamanan dan Keputusan Pembelian.
The Colorado Revenue Limit: The Economic Effects of TABOR

Twenty-eight states have some state spending or revenue limit in place. In November 1992, Colorado voters passed the most restrictive measure yet, the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR), the economic effects of which have been hotly debated in recent years. The authors examine the history of TABOR and find that there is little evidence that TABOR significantly boosted Colorado's economy.