Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do You Mind Me Paying Less? Measuring Other-Regarding Preferences in the Market for Taxis

We present a natural field experiment designed to measure other-regarding preferences in the market for taxis. We employed testers of varying ethnicity to take a number of predetermined taxi journeys. In each case, we endowed them with only 80% of the expected fare. Testers revealed the amount they could afford to pay to the driver midjourney and asked for a portion of the journey for free. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects design, we vary the length of the journey and whether a business card is elicited. We find that (1) the majority of drivers give at least part of the journey for free, (2) giving is proportional to the length of the journey, and (3) 27% of drivers complete the journey. Evidence of outgroup negativity against black testers is also reported. In order to link our empirical analysis to behavioral theory, we estimate the parameters of a number of utility functions. The data and the structural analysis lend support to the quantitative predictions of experiments that measure other-regarding preferences, and they shed further light on how discrimination can manifest itself within our preferences. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics.
Development of an Electrically Small Vivaldi Antenna: The CReSIS Aerial Vivaldi (CAV-A)

Radar operation from the CReSIS Meridian UAV requires a broadband antenna array composed of lightweight, thin, end-fire antenna elements. Toward this goal four Vivaldi antenna designs were simulated, fabricated, and characterized. The final design, dubbed the CReSIS Aerial Vivaldi – Revision A (CAV-A) provides operation over a band extending from 162 MHz to 1.121 GHz. The CAV-A measures 40 cm long, 51 cm wide, and 0.125 inch thick with a weight of 3.22 lbs. , thus satisfying the requirements for UAV operation. Due to size, weight, and bandwidth requirements, a simple frequency scaling of a previously published design was unachievable. Most published single-element Vivaldi antenna designs were constrained by traditional thought that says the antenna length should be multiple free-space wavelengths and the antenna width should be a half free-space wavelength, both at the lowest frequency of interest. Contrary to convention, the CAV-A is an electrically small antenna, with an antenna width and length on the order of a quarter free-space wavelength at the lowest frequency of operation.
The Relationship between Classroom Psychosocial Climate and Shyness with Academic Performance among Students

Objectives: The aim of current research was the investigation of the role of classroom social psychosocial climate and shyness with academic performance of students. Method: For this purpose, 370 students of third grade high schools of Sabzevar city in Iran, selected by clustering random sampling, and all of them filled the timidness and class social psychosocial climate questionnaires. Results: Findings showed that social psychic environment of class and shyness of students had negative relationship with their academic performance. Also, the social-psychic environment had the highest role in predicting of academic performance. Discussion: It can be said, teachers’ support and students’ participation in class can create a favorable atmosphere in class; and increase students’ satisfaction and fulfillment and it will improve academic performance.
Pakistani pre-primary teachers’ perceptions and practices related to gender in young children

ABSTRACT A key area of interest is the way in which early years educators’ perceptions about the concept of gender may influence their practice in relation to how children’s ideas about gender might be supported and reinforced. However, this area has received little attention in the highly gender-segregated context of Pakistan. Understanding evidence-based issues related to gender in Pakistan is thus crucial to overcoming educational barriers. This article explored Pakistani female pre-primary teachers’ perceptions and practices related to gender in the early years. Interview and observation data were collected with seven teachers in one urban, co-education school and were analysed thematically. Results indicated that teachers’ perceptions reflect the complex and multifaceted dimensions of gender within the gradually shifting, but still traditional, cultures of Pakistani society. For the most part, female teachers’ views are rooted in dominant patriarchal ideologies, for example, of boys as active and assertive and girls as passive and quiet. However, in a few instances such as in children’s academic performance and play, their perceptions reflect attempts to push gender boundaries which challenge patriarchal ideologies. Teachers’ gender perceptions have significant implications for young children’s development and understanding of gender roles in Pakistan.
Outcome of patients with nonmetastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer not undergoing cystectomy after treatment with noncisplatin‐based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinations can be used in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) not undergoing cystectomy. Nevertheless, unfitness for cystectomy is frequently associated with unfitness for other therapeutic modalities. We report the outcome of patients with MIBC who did not undergo cystectomy and did not receive cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Selection criteria for the study were nonmetastatic MIBC, no cystectomy, no cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy should have been used aside from TURBT. Forty‐nine patients (median age 79), managed between April 2001 and January 2012, were included in this analysis. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5, while 76% were unfit for cisplatin. Treatment included radiotherapy (n = 7), carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (n = 25), carboplatin‐based chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (n = 10), and radiochemotherapy (n = 7). Five‐year event‐free rate was 26% (standard error [SE] = 7) for overall survival, 23% (SE = 7) for progression‐free survival, and 30 (SE = 8) for cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Patients who were treated with combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy had significantly longer CSS compared to those treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy only (5‐year CSS rate: 16% [SE 8] vs. 63% [SE 15], P = 0.053). Unfit‐for‐cystectomy patients frequently receive suboptimal nonsurgical treatment. Their outcome was poor. Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy produced better outcomes and should be prospectively evaluated.
Excitatory Effects of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Maintain Hippocampal Epileptiform Activity via Synchronous Afterdischarges

Epileptic seizures are characterized by periods of hypersynchronous, hyperexcitability within brain networks. Most seizures involve two stages: an initial tonic phase, followed by a longer clonic phase that is characterized by rhythmic bouts of synchronized network activity called afterdischarges (ADs). Here we investigate the cellular and network mechanisms underlying hippocampal ADs in an effort to understand how they maintain seizure activity. Using in vitro hippocampal slice models from rats and mice, we performed electrophysiological recordings from CA3 pyramidal neurons to monitor network activity and changes in GABAergic signaling during epileptiform activity. First, we show that the highest synchrony occurs during clonic ADs, consistent with the idea that specific circuit dynamics underlie this phase of the epileptiform activity. We then show that ADs require intact GABAergic synaptic transmission, which becomes excitatory as a result of a transient collapse in the chloride (Cl−) reversal potential. The depolarizing effects of GABA are strongest at the soma of pyramidal neurons, which implicates somatic-targeting interneurons in AD activity. To test this, we used optogenetic techniques to selectively control the activity of somatic-targeting parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Channelrhodopsin-2-mediated activation of PV+ interneurons during the clonic phase generated excitatory GABAergic responses in pyramidal neurons, which were sufficient to elicit and entrain synchronous AD activity across the network. Finally, archaerhodopsin-mediated selective silencing of PV+ interneurons reduced the occurrence of ADs during the clonic phase. Therefore, we propose that activity-dependent Cl− accumulation subverts the actions of PV+ interneurons to perpetuate rather than terminate pathological network hyperexcitability during the clonic phase of seizures.
Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This manuscript examines the relationship of emotional intelligence (El) with transformational leadership (TL) and organizational citizenship behavior (OeB) of the followers. A sample of 57 dyads of managers and their supervisors (i.e. 114 respondents) participated in this study. The reliabilities of the scales were - OeB(0.83), TL (0.88), and El (0.86). El was significantly correlated to conscientiousness, civic virtue, and altruistic behaviors of followers. The method suggested by Barron and Kenny (1986) was used to test mediation of EI between TL and OeB but nothing significant was found. The results indicate that emotional intelligence of leaders enhances the OeB of followers. However, EI of the leader may not be the only factor determining the perception of TL.
Testing Feedback Intervention Theory: Effects of Person-centered and Task-centered Feedback on Attention and Performance.

BRYANT, MICHELLE RENEE. Testing Feedback Intervention Theory: Effects of Personcentered and Task-centered Feedback on Attention and Performance. (Under the direction of Dr. Anne Collins McLaughlin). Feedback Intervention Theory (FIT) (Kluger & DiNisi, 1996) posits that feedback directed toward the person engages self-thought processes drawing attention away from the task and negatively impact performance. Similarly, FIT predicts that feedback directed toward the task will enhance task-related attention and positively impact performance. This study tested whether feedback content moderated the relationship between self and task focused attention by measuring self-reported stress and coping behaviors that align with attention processes in an online, anagram task. Findings were contrary to predicted and suggested that person-focused feedback enhances performance for online tasks. © Copyright 2015 Michelle Renee Bryant All Rights Reserved Testing Feedback Intervention Theory: Effects of Person-centered and Task-centered Feedback on Attention and Performance by Michelle Renee Bryant A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Statistical properties of MPEG video traffic and their impact on traffic modeling in ATM systems

MPEG video traffic is expected to cause several problems in ATM networks, both from performance and from architectural viewpoint. For the solution of these difficulties, appropriate video traffic models are needed. A detailed statistical analysis of newly generated long MPEG encoded video sequences is presented and the results are compared to those of existing data sets. Based on the results of the analysis, a layered modeling scheme for MPEG video traffic is suggested which will simplify the finding of appropriate models for a lot of performance analysis techniques.
Advances in dynamic modeling of colorectal cancer signaling-network regions, a path toward targeted therapies

The interconnected network of pathways downstream of the TGFβ, WNT and EGF-families of receptor ligands play an important role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. We studied and implemented dynamic simulations of multiple downstream pathways and described the section of the signaling network considered as a Molecular Interaction Map (MIM). Our simulations used Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), which involved 447 reactants and their interactions. Starting from an initial “physiologic condition”, the model can be adapted to simulate individual pathologic cancer conditions implementing alterations/mutations in relevant onco-proteins. We verified some salient model predictions using the mutated colorectal cancer lines HCT116 and HT29. We measured the amount of MYC and CCND1 mRNAs and AKT and ERK phosphorylated proteins, in response to individual or combination onco-protein inhibitor treatments. Experimental and simulation results were well correlated. Recent independently published results were also predicted by our model. Even in the presence of an approximate and incomplete signaling network information, a predictive dynamic modeling seems already possible. An important long term road seems to be open and can be pursued further, by incremental steps, toward even larger and better parameterized MIMs. Personalized treatment strategies with rational associations of signaling-proteins inhibitors, could become a realistic goal.
Uncertainties in the determination of |V(cb)|

I discuss the theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of $|\,V_{cb}|$ from semilep\-to\-nic decays of $B$ mesons, taking into account the most recent theoretical developments. The main sources of uncertainty are identified both for the exclusive decay mode $B\to D^*\ell\,\bar\nu$ and for the inclusive channel $B\to X\,\ell\,\bar\nu$. From an analysis of the available experimental data, I obtain $|\,V_{cb}|_{\rm excl} = 0.041\pm 0. 003_{\rm exp}\pm 0. 002_{\rm th}$ from the exclusive mode, and $|\,V_{cb}|_{\rm incl} = 0.040\pm 0. 001_{\rm exp}\pm 0. 005_{\rm th}$ from the inclusive mode. I also give a prediction for the slope of the form factor ${\cal{F}}(w)$ at zero recoil, which is $\widehat\varrho^2=0.8\pm 0.3$.
The interlingual identification of Spanish and English vowels: orthographic evidence.

When someone who is learning a second language (L2) produces a sound in the L2 using a familiar, native-language (L1) category, the L2 sound is said to have been "identified with" an L1 sound. Although interlingual identification exerts a powerful influence on L2 pronunciation, it is still poorly understood. Orthographic classification was used here to assess the interlingual identification of Spanish and English vowels. Sixty native speakers of Spanish in three experiments judged the vowels /i/, /I/, /e/, and /ae/ in multiple tokens of English words ("beat", "bit", "bet", "bat") spoken by ten native speakers of American English. The subjects labelled each English vowel by circling one of the five letters used to spell the vowel phonemes of Spanish (viz. less than i greater than, less than e greater than, less than a greater than, less than o greater than, less than u greater than) or by circling "none" if they thought they had heard a vowel not found in Spanish. Subjects who spoke English as an L2 used the "none" label more often than did Spanish monolinguals, suggesting that L2 learning heightens bilinguals' awareness of cross-language phonetic differences. Experienced Spanish speakers of English did use the "none" label more often than did inexperienced subjects (42% vs. 18%). A few subjects used the "none" label consistently for /ae/ and /I/, suggesting that they may have regarded these vowels as "new" (i.e., non-Spanish). However, the group data provided little support for the hypothesis that the adult Spanish learners of English treated either /ae/ or /I/ as new. The great majority of subjects, even those highly experienced in English, identified English /ae/ with their Spanish /a/.
Deliberate self poisoning – Nottingham Forest Football Club and F.A. Cup defeat

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between disappointment in a community and deliberate self poisoning. Method: The Accident and Emergency department records of Nottingham's University Hospital were scrutinised for cases of deliberate self poisoning presenting during the weekend of Nottingham Forest's F.A. Cup Final defeat in 1991 and the weekend of their subsequent failure at the quarter-final stage in 1992. Rates of deliberate self poisoning during these periods of intense expectation and disappointment in Nottingham were compared to the weekends either side of these important football matches. Results: Nottingham Forest's defeat in the F.A. Cup Final in 1991 and in the quarterfinals a year later was associated with a short-term excess of cases of deliberate self poisoning in Nottingham. This was statistically significant following the cup final (p<0.01) but not so after only reaching the last eight (p=0.057). Conclusion: The repeatability of these findings supports the hypothesis that a sudden disappointment experienced through an entire community may prove one stress too many for some vulnerable members of that community.
The Function of Improvised Song Creation for Individuals with ASD in Formation of Identity: A Grounded Theory Investigation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of improvised song creation for two individuals with autism spectrum disorder in the formation of self-identity using grounded theory analysis. Data were collected through video recordings of archival clinical sessions. The method included analyses of musical, lyrical, and interpersonal transcriptions of sessions. The transcription process included a combination of holistic listening and Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy indexing techniques. A grounded theory coding process was employed to identify concepts and categories related to the broader context of identity formation from patterns in the data and to develop theoretical conclusions from these concepts. Findings included concepts presented under domains of (a) musical emergence, (b) lyrical emergence, and (c) interpersonal emergence of identity. These concepts were as follows: (a) musical emergence: finding musical synchronization, expansion of the voice, types of singing (reflection, unison, and harmonization), musical style, song structure; (b) lyrical emergence: lyrical initiation and development, song of self, and use of abstracted or metaphoric language; (c) interpersonal emergence: choosing to create a song, finding roles, nonverbal acknowledgment, and integrating client preferences and tendencies. Additional findings revealed how improvised song creation served to allow the client to be engaged in a collaborative, exploratory performance of the self through an aesthetically and creatively driven process. Conclusions and implications of theory to clinical practice and methods are presented. In addition, the needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and relevance of their sense of identity in broader sociocultural contexts are discussed.
CHARMONIUM SUPPRESSION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS

▪ Abstract Data and their interpretations are reviewed for J/ψ and ψ′ production in heavy-ion collisions with particular emphasis on the recently reported anomaly in Pb-Pb reactions. The observed suppressions in pA collisions are discussed in terms of final-state absorption of a pre-meson and the pT distributions due to parton scattering in the initial state. The experimental setup is described and the various results for J/ψ and ψ′ suppressions, including their pT-dependence, are presented. The data, in particular the observed anomalous suppression in Pb-Pb collisions, are discussed in the light of the proposed ideas, among them quark-gluon plasma formation and suppression via co-movers.
Hardy inequalities with optimal constants and remainder terms

We show that the classical Hardy inequalities with optimal constants in the Sobolev spaces W 1,p 0 and in higher-order Sobolev spaces on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R can be refined by adding remainder terms which involve L p norms. In the higher-order case further L p norms with lower-order singular weights arise. The case 1 < p < 2 being more involved requires a different technique and is developed only in the space W 1,p 0.
The role of load‐carrying in the evolution of modern body proportions

The first unquestionably bipedal early human ancestors, the species Australopithecus afarensis, were markedly different to ourselves in body proportions, having a long trunk and short legs. Some have argued that ′chimpanzee‐like′ features such as these suggest a ‘bent‐hip, bent‐knee’ (BHBK) posture would have been adopted during gait. Computer modelling studies, however, indicate that this early human ancestor could have walked in a reasonably efficient upright posture, whereas BHBK posture would have nearly doubled the mechanical energy cost of locomotion, as it does the physiological cost of locomotion in ourselves. More modern body proportions first appear at around 1.8–1.5 Ma, with Homo ergaster (early African Homo erectus), represented by the Nariokotome skeleton KNM‐WT 15000, in which the legs were considerably longer in relation to the trunk than they are in human adults, although this skeleton represents an adolescent. Several authors have suggested that this morphology would have allowed faster, more endurant walking. But during the same period, the archaeological record indicates a sharp rise in distances over which stone tools or raw materials are transported. Is this coincidental, or can load‐carrying also be implicated in selection for a more modern morphology? Computer simulations of loaded walking, verified against kinetic data for humans, show that BHBK gait is even more ineffective while load‐carrying. However, walking erect, the Nariokotome individual could have carried loads of 10–15% body mass for less cost, relative to body size, than AL 288‐1 walking erect but unloaded. In fact, to the extent that our sample of humans is typical, KNM‐WT 15000 would have had better mechanical effectiveness in bearing light loads on the back than modern human adults. Thus, selection for effectiveness in load‐carrying, as well as in endurant walking, is indeed likely to have been implicated in the evolution of modern body proportions.
Those Closest Wield the Sharpest Knife: How Ingratiation Leads to Resentment and Social Undermining of the CEO

Using survey data from CEOs and other top managers at large and mid-sized public companies in the U.S., as well as from journalists, we explore how ingratiation, a fundamental means of building and maintaining one’s social capital, may trigger behavior that damages the social capital of the person being ingratiated. Although ingratiation, such as flattery or opinion conformity, may elicit positive affect from its target, we suggest it can also elicit a specific form of negative affect toward the target, which in turn can trigger interpersonal harm-doing. Focusing on ingratiation by top managers toward the CEO, we find that ingratiating managers are likely to develop feelings of resentment toward the CEO and that ingratiation may be especially likely to elicit resentment among top managers when the CEO is a racial minority or a woman. We also find that negative affect from ingratiation can induce interpersonal behavior that has the potential to damage the social capital of the influence target, as feelings of resentment that result from ingratiatory behavior can trigger social undermining of the CEO in the manager’s communications with journalists.