Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subpopulations of bovine WC1+ γδ T cells rather than CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells act as immune regulatory cells ex vivo

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are regarded essential components for maintenance of immune homeostasis. Especially CD4+CD25high T cells are considered to be important regulators of immune reactivity. In humans and rodents these natural Treg are characterized by their anergic nature, defined as a non-proliferative state, suppressive function and expression of Foxp3. In this study the potential functional role of flowcytometry-sorted bovine white blood cell populations, including CD4+CD25high T cells and γδ T cell subpopulations, as distinct ex vivo regulatory cells was assessed in co-culture suppression assays. Our findings revealed that despite the existence of a distinct bovine CD4+CD25high T cell population, which showed Foxp3 transcription/expression, natural regulatory activity did not reside in this cell population. In bovine co-culture suppression assays these cells were neither anergic nor suppressive. Subsequently, the following cell populations were tested functionally for regulatory activity: CD4+CD25low T cells, WC1+, WC1.1+ and WC1.2+ γδ T cells, NK cells, CD8+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes. Only the WC1.1+ and WC1.2+ γδ T cells and CD14+ monocytes proved to act as regulatory cells in cattle, which was supported by the fact that these regulatory cells showed IL-10 transcription/expression. In conclusion, our data provide first evidence that cattle CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ and CD4+CD25low T cells do not function as Treg ex vivo. The bovine Treg function appears to reside in the γδ T cell population, more precisely in the WC1.1+ and the WC1.2+ subpopulation, major populations present in blood of cattle in contrast to non-ruminant species.
Application of LC-MS/MS method for the in vivo metabolite determination of oleuropein after intravenous administration to rat.

A highly sensitive, specific and simple LC-MS/MS method was developed to investigate in vivo bio-transformation of oleuropein in rat. Rat urine samples collected after the intravenous administrations were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the negative-ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction of parent oleuropein and the metabolite from rat urine with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was operated with 0.1% formic acid aqueous and methanol in gradient program at a flow rate of 0.80 mL/min on an RP-C(18) column with a total run time of 30 min. This method has been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of oleuropein and its metabolite in rat urine. Oxygenation was found to be the major metabolic pathway of the oleuropein in rat after intravenous administration.
Global Patterns and Country Experiences with the Formulation and Implementation of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines

Nutrition information and advice for the public must be credible from a scientific perspective and easy to understand and follow. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has promoted the preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) in Asia, the Near East, Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa. The paper is based on a survey of 28 developing countries and case studies of South Africa, India, Chile and Guatemala, which were conducted by FAO in 2004. All FBDG stress the importance of dietary variety and balance, promote fruit and vegetable consumption, discourage excessive salt, sugar and alcohol consumption, and promote physical activity. In other respects, FBDG vary according to the specific health, behavior, culture and economic conditions within a country. The steps used in developing and implementing FBDG are discussed, with country examples to illustrate achievements, mistakes and obstacles. Main areas for improvements are: (1) FBDG are mainly developed and used within the health sector, involvement of the agriculture and education sectors is needed; (2) few counties communicate to widely reach the public; (3) many messages do not motivate changes in behavior, and (4) the application of FBDG in setting policies not sufficient received attention.
Prescription vs. praxis: The evolution of future temporal reference in French

Because many of the forms participating in inherent variability are not attested in the standard language, they are often construed as evidence of change. We test this assumption by confronting the standard, as instantiated by a unique corpus covering five centuries of French grammatical injunctions, with data on the evolution of spontaneous speech over an apparent-time span of 119 years.Reasoning that forms salient enough to have attracted the attention of grammarians were likely widespread in the speech of the time, we demonstrate how these materials may be used to (i) infer the existence of prior variability, (ii) trace the evolution of normative dictates associated with the variants, and most revealing, (iii) discern hints of prior linguistic conditioning of variant selection. These are then operationalized as factors in a multivariate analysis and tested against the facts of usage.The linguistic focus is on future temporal reference, a notoriously variable sector of the grammar in which competing exponents have persisted for centuries. Systematic comparison of grammatical treatments with actual speaker behavior shows virtually no correspondence between the motivations offered in the literature and those constraining actual variant choice. Prescriptive efforts to explain variability, by ascribing to each variant form a dedicated reading or context of use, have had no effect on speech, which is shown to be governed by a powerful set of tacit variable constraints. These in turn are unacknowledged by the grammatical tradition. The result is a great and growing disconnect between the variable rules governing speech and the normative dictates that underlie the notion of the standard. We explore the implications of these findings for the use of grammarians' observations as data for linguistic analysis.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Dialysis and without Dialysis: Results of the PEPPER-Study

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and is an independent predictor of mortality. However, specific hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation, changes induced by hemodialysis and characterization into pre- or postcapillary PH have not been evaluated in patients with chronic kidney disease. We assessed consecutive patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease in WHO FC≥II with dyspnea unexplained by other causes on hemodialysis (group 1, n = 31) or without dialysis (group 2, n = 31) using right heart catheterization (RHC). In group 1, RHC was performed before and after dialysis. In end-stage chronic kidney disease, prevalence of precapillary PH was 13% (4/31), and postcapillary PH was discovered in 65% (20/31). All four cases of precapillary PH were unmasked after dialysis. In group 2, two cases of precapillary PH were detected (6%), and postcapillary PH was diagnosed in 22 cases (71%). This is the first study examining a large cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease invasively by RHC for the prevalence of PH. The prevalence of precapillary PH was 13% in patients with end-stage kidney disease. That suggests careful screening for precapillary PH in this selected patient population. RHC should be performed after hemodialysis.
Diseño, motivación y rendimiento en un curso MOOC cooperativo

Los cursos MOOC se han entendido como la ultima evolucion del aprendizaje en red, y desde su nacimiento en 2008 se han puesto en practica en un buen numero de universidades. A pesar del exito social de estas propuestas, tanto el diseno del aprendizaje como la eficacia de sus resultados han sido puestos en duda. Actualmente la mayoria de las publicaciones se centran mas en discutir su potencial para ofrecer educacion de calidad en todo el mundo a gran escala que en la medicion rigurosa de los resultados de aprendizaje. El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigacion centrada en el diseno pedagogico de un curso MOOC cooperativo y su influencia en la motivacion y en los resultados academicos obtenidos. El diseno se ha validado a traves de un estudio Delphi y la variable «motivacion» se ha controlado a traves de un instrumento estandarizado (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, IMMS). El rendimiento academico se ha evaluado a traves de evidencias de aprendizaje. Se defiende que el diseno, definido por una utilizacion intensiva de redes sociales y realizacion de actividades por parte de los estudiantes en sus Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje, influye en el rendimiento, y es la satisfaccion con la percepcion del diseno la variable que media en dicha relacion. Los resultados academicos obtenidos y la motivacion de los estudiantes avalan la utilizacion de cursos MOOC cooperativos en estudios universitarios.
Perpendicular Exchange Bias and Magnetic Anisotropy in FePt/FeMn Multilayers

A systematic investigation of parallel and perpendicular exchange bias in FePt/FeMn multilayers is presented. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy observed in FePt/FeMn multilayers is attributed to the surface anisotropy at the interface of FePt/FeMn. The surface and volume anisotropy constants are found to decrease with increasing temperature. The thickness (FePt) dependence of exchange bias field and blocking temperature are discussed. Of interest is the blocking temperature of the parallel exchange bias is higher than that of the perpendicular one, which is qualitatively explained by assuming that the spins at the FePt/FeMn are tilted
Elderly patients with conservatively managed subdural haemorrhage should have a follow-up plan.

A 94-year-old retired accountant presented to A&E in November 2010 following a fall at home. He was unsure of the events but thinks that his legs gave way and he fell hitting his head on the kitchen worktop on the way down. Of note, he had fallen four times during the year preceding this fall. A computerized tomography (CT) of the head was performed and reported as showing a subdural collection in the right frontal temporo-parietal region causing a 3-mm midline shift to the left which could represent an old subdural haematoma with some hyperacute changes (Figure 1, A and C). Fresh blood was not noted. The case was discussed with the local neurosurgical hospital who advised that the patient was for conservative management in view of a normal neurological examination and a glasgow coma scale (GCS) of 15/15. After a short hospital stay, the patient was discharged to intermediate care for rehabilitation before returning home and his aspirin was stopped. No follow-up was put in place for this patient. Figure 1. ( A and C ) Unenhanced CT head performed on November 23, 2010 at initial presentation showing right frontotemporal parietal subdural collection with left-sided midline shift of 3 mm. ( B and D ) Repeat unenhanced CT head performed on February 3, 2011 demonstrating a significant increase in the right frontotemporal parietal lobe subdural collection with left-sided midline shift of 8.1 mm and mass effect. There is also partial effacement and left-sided deviation of the …
The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful

Every day, millions of children, tweens, and teenagers sit down and watch their favorite television shows on the Disney Channel and Nickelodeon. A large segment of this audience is female, and many of them are reaching an age where they are developing an awareness of self and comparing that self to the ideals presented in the media. While this comparison is well-documented, little research has looked specifically at the beauty ideal messages of live-action television shows specifically targeting this group. Through a content analysis of nine Disney and Nickelodeon shows, beauty ideal messages were analyzed, with results suggesting that the thin, white beauty ideal that is present in adult programming is also alive and well in programming for a younger audience. Furthermore, the idea that “beauty is good” is reinforced through verbal messages to thin characters. These results and implications are discussed in the context of Social Comparison Theory.
Assessing the Transition-Related Strengths and Needs of Adolescents with High-Incidence Disabilities

Although meaningful assessment is considered the cornerstone of transition planning, little empirical guidance is available to inform this assessment process. This study examined the transition-related strengths and needs of 160 students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD) or learning disabilities (LD) from the perspectives of special educators, parents, and youth. Teachers rated youth with EBD as evidencing more substantial needs than youth with LD across all 9 planning domains. Student's ratings were significantly higher than those of their teachers and parents. Variability in the extent to which participants reported having sufficient information to assess each domain, as well as the extent to which they considered each domain to be relevant to planning, highlights the importance of incorporating multiple perspectives into transition planning.
Motivational effects in the mere-exposure paradigm

Three experiments investigated the effects of time-pressure and evaluation apprehension on the mere-exposure phenomenon (Zajonc, 1968). Subjects viewed slides of abstract paintings at different frequencies of exposure and subsequently indicated their liking for the stimuli. Evaluation apprehension during the assessment phase consistently undermined mere-exposure effects. Furthermore, when evaluation apprehension was high, time-pressure magnified those effects. These findings were discussed in terms of the notions that (1) prior exposure may increase the sense of processing fluency associated with a stimulus (Jacoby & Kelley, 1990), (2) fluency may be interpreted as plausibility of a judgmental cue evoked by the stimulus, (3) motivational factors like time-pressure and evaluation apprehension may moderate the impact of plausibility information on judgment, hence, may moderate ‘mere-exposure’ effects.
Health inequality between immigrants and natives in Spain: the loss of the healthy immigrant effect in times of economic crisis.

BACKGROUND The immigrant population living in Spain grew exponentially in the early 2000s but has been particularly affected by the economic crisis. This study aims to analyse health inequalities between immigrants born in middle- or low-income countries and natives in Spain, in 2006 and 2012, taking into account gender, year of arrival and socioeconomic exposures. METHODS Study of trends using two cross-sections, the 2006 and 2012 editions of the Spanish National Health Survey, including residents in Spain aged 15-64 years (20 810 natives and 2950 immigrants in 2006, 14 291 natives and 2448 immigrants in 2012). Fair/poor self-rated health, poor mental health (GHQ-12 > 2), chronic activity limitation and use of psychotropic drugs were compared between natives and immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006, adjusting robust Poisson regression models for age and socioeconomic variables to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Inequalities in poor self-rated health between immigrants and natives tend to increase among women (age-adjusted PR2006 = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.24-1.56, PR2012 = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Among men, there is a new onset of inequalities in poor mental health (PR2006 = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.86-1.40, PR2012 = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.69) and an equalization of the previously lower use of psychotropic drugs (PR2006 = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11-0.43, PR2012 = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.73-2.01). CONCLUSIONS Between 2006 and 2012, immigrants who arrived in Spain before 2006 appeared to worsen their health status when compared with natives. The loss of the healthy immigrant effect in the context of a worse impact of the economic crisis on immigrants appears as potential explanation. Employment, social protection and re-universalization of healthcare would prevent further deterioration of immigrants' health status.
Low Referral Rate for Prophylactic Implantation of Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in a Tertiary Care Medical Center

Background: Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention became standard of care after the publication of the second Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT‐II) and Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD‐HeFT).
How expectancies shape experience.

Expectations and the Social Cognitive Perspective - Basic Principles, Processes and Variables, James E. Maddux Expectancy Operation - Cognitive/Neural Models and Architecture, Mark S. Goldman Mood-Related Expectancy, Emotional Experience and Coping Behaviour, Salvatore J. Catanzaro and Jack Mearns Expectancies and Memory - Inferring the Past From What We Know Must Have Been, Edward R. Hirt et al Expectancy and Fear, Nancy Schoenberger Expectation and Desire in Pain and Pain Reduction, Donald Price and James J. Barrell Response Expectancy and Sexual Dysfunction, Eileen M. Palace Expectancy and Asthma, Samantha C. Sodergren and Michael E. Hyland Expectancy and Behavioural Effects of Social Used Drugs, M. Vogel-Sprott and M. Filmore Expectancy Meditation of Biopsychosocial Risk for Alcohol Use and Alcoholism, Mark S. Goldman et al Expectancies for Tobacco Smoking, Thomas H. Brandon et al Listening to Prozac But Hearing Placebo - a Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication, Irving Kirsch and Guy Sapirstein Is the Placebo Effect Dependent on Time? a Meta-Analysis, Harald Walach and Catharina Maidof Expectations of Sickness and Symptoms - Concept and Evidence of the Nocebo Phenomenon, Robert A. Hahn Expectancies - the Ignored Common Factor in Psychotherapy, Joel Weinberger and Andrews Eig Hypnosis and Response Expectancies.
Journal Section: Behavioral/systems/cognitive Title/abbreviated Title: Incorporating Naturalistic Correlation Structure Improves Spectro- Gram Reconstruction from Neuronal Activity in the Songbird Auditory Midbrain

Acknowledgements We thank Ana Calabrese and Stephen David for helpful comments and discussions. We thank Columbia University Information Technology and the Office of the Executive Vice President for Research for providing the computing cluster used in this study. Abstract Birdsong is comprised of rich spectral and temporal organization which might be used for vocal perception. To quantify how this structure could be used, we have reconstructed birdsong spectrograms by combining the spike trains of zebra finch auditory midbrain neurons with information about the correlations present in song. We calculated maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of song spectrograms using a generalized linear model of neuronal responses and a series of prior distributions, each carrying different amounts of statistical information about zebra finch song. We found that spike trains from a population of MLd neurons combined with an uncorrelated Gaussian prior can estimate the amplitude envelope of song spectrograms. The same set of responses can be combined with Gaussian priors that have correlations matched to those found across multiple zebra finch songs to yield song spectrograms similar to those presented to the animal. The fidelity of spectrogram reconstructions from MLd responses relies more heavily on prior knowledge of spectral correlations than temporal correlations. However the best reconstructions combine MLd responses with both spectral and temporal correlations.
Maternal mortality in the main referral hospital in The Gambia, West Africa

A retrospective analysis of 78 maternal deaths was performed during 1991–1992 to estimate maternal mortality at the maternity unit of the main tertiary level hospital in The Gambia. The non‐abortion maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 736 per 100 000 live births. Among the direct causes, haemorrhage caused most deaths (24%), followed by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) (21%). Sepsis was the main cause of death in 15%. Anaemia led among the indirect causes of death (8%) and was a co‐factor in 41% of all deaths. Substandard care factors other than medical causes were determined involving health care facilities, staff, drugs and equipment, and patient‐related factors. Well known risk factors of low age ( 19 years) and nulliparity were highly represented in the maternal death group, and delivery by Caesarean section occurred more than threefold compared to the overall Caesarean section rate. Taking haemorrhage as an example, it is demonstrated that the way diagnoses are grouped significantly affects the statistical elaboration of maternal deaths.
An analysis of the dynamics of SPICE memristor model

The memristor, known as “the fourth fundamental passive circuit element”, was predicted theoretically in 1971 by Prof. Leon Chua. It has attracted the scientist's attention since the physical implementation demonstrated in 2008 by HP Labs research team. However, at the nanoscale, due to its diversified modeling methods, SPICE memristor models are getting a considerable attention due to their simplicity and flexibility. For its reliable implementation, a simple model will be discussed in this paper. This model not only possesses the general memristor properties but also catches the dynamic characteristics including the pinched hysteresis loop, which is covered with a consistent way. Simulation results of the SPICE memristor model demonstrate its dynamics for different types of excitation. The analysis of the implemented parameters provided to discuss the switching behavior of such device. This SPICE model proves the ability and flexibility to adapt the changing behavior with different input polarization.
The effect of preoperative aspirin use on postoperative bleeding and perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND We tried to evaluate the clinical outcomes (mortality, postoperative bleeding and perioperative myocardial infarction) of patients who underwent first elective coronary artery bypass grafting and received aspirin during the preoperative period. METHODS The study was a prospective, randomized and single-blinded clinical trial. Two hundred patients were included and divided into two groups. One group received aspirin 80-160 mg, while in the other aspirin was stopped at least seven days before surgery. The primary end-points of the study were in-hospital mortality and hemorrhage-related complications (postoperative blood loss in the intensive care unit, re-exploration for bleeding and red blood cell and non-red blood cell requirements). The secondary end-point was perioperative myocardial infarction. RESULTS There were no differences in patient characteristics between the aspirin users and non-aspirin users. We found a significant difference between postoperative blood loss (608 +/- +/- 359.7 ml vs. 483 +/- 251.5 ml; p = 0.005) and red blood cell product requirements (1.32 +/- +/- 0.97 unit packed cell vs. 0.94 +/- 1.02 unit packed cell; p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding platelet requirement and the rate of in-hospital mortality and re-exploration for bleeding. Similarly, we found no significant difference in the incidence of definite and probable perioperative myocardial infarction (p = 0.24 and p = 0.56 respectively) or in-hospital mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSION Preoperative aspirin administration increased postoperative bleeding and red blood cell requirements with no effect on mortality, re-exploration rate and perioperative myocardial infarction. We recommend withdrawal of aspirin seven days prior to surgery. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 453-457).