Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Molecular Microtubule Motors and the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Stress Granule Dynamics

Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci that appear in cells exposed to stress-induced translational inhibition. SGs function as a triage center, where mRNAs are sorted for storage, degradation, and translation reinitiation. The underlying mechanisms of SGs dynamics are still being characterized, although many key players have been identified. The main components of SGs are stalled 48S preinitiation complexes. To date, many other proteins have also been found to localize in SGs and are hypothesized to function in SG dynamics. Most recently, the microtubule cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins have been demonstrated to function in SG dynamics. In this paper, we will discuss current literature examining the function of microtubules and the molecular microtubule motors in SG assembly, coalescence, movement, composition, organization, and disassembly.
Undoing the demos: Neoliberalism’s stealth revolution

This review of Wendy Brown’s Undoing the Demos considers the claim that contemporary processes of neoliberalism are damaging the core principles of democracy. It is argued that Brown is right to follow Foucault in defining neoliberalism as a form of political rationality, but that core arguments of the book could be developed further through attention to the following points: (1) the operation of neoliberal politics and practices outside of the US context; (2) the position of Austrian thought within the history of neoliberal reason; (3) the problematic status of homo economicus within neoliberal thought; (4) why the ‘soft power’ of neoliberalism has proved so effective; and (5) how a Marxist theory of capital might be developed alongside Foucauldian critique of neoliberalism.
Temporal Trends in the Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in New York State and Ontario

Background— Healthcare reform initiatives in the United States have rekindled debate about the role of government regulation in the healthcare system. Although New York State (NYS) historically has had twice as many coronary revascularizations performed as Ontario, the relative evolution of coronary revascularization patterns in both jurisdictions over time is unknown. Methods and Results— We conducted an observational study comparing the temporal trends of cardiac invasive procedures use in NYS and Ontario using population-based data from 1997 to 2006 stratified by procedure indication. For nonacute myocardial infarction patients, the age- and sex-adjusted rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was 2.3 times (95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 2.5) greater in NYS than in Ontario in 2004 to 2006. In contrast, population-based rates of coronary artery bypass grafting among nonacute myocardial infarction patients were not significantly different. For acute myocardial infarction patients, differences in coronary revascularization rates between NYS and Ontario narrowed substantially over time. In 2004 to 2006, the relative ratio was 1.3 times higher for PCI (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.5) and 1.4 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.8) for coronary artery bypass grafting in NYS relative to Ontario. However, a larger relative gap (relative ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 2.3) was observed among acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing emergency PCIs in NYS compared with Ontario. Conclusions— The market-oriented financing approach in NYS is associated with markedly higher rates of PCI procedures for both discretionary indications (eg, PCI in nonacute myocardial infarction patients) and emergent indications (eg, primary PCI) compared with the government-funded single-payer system in Ontario.
Dispositional Optimism and the Emergence of Social Network Diversity

Personality has yet to be examined as an indirect yet powerful determinant of the diversity of personal social networks that is independent of preference- and population-based mechanisms. I use the 2004 General Social Survey to illustrate how dispositional optimism shapes core discussion network size as well as demographic heterophily among core ties. I find that optimism is associated with enhanced network size as well as ties among nonkin and across lines of age, education, and race. Following these results, I urge closer attention to personality as it dynamically shapes the social structure of opportunities and resources.
Group formation in computer-supported collaborative learning

Group formation in CSCL environments is either done manually with little support from the system, or the system needs an elaborated model of the learning domain in order to select potential peer learners and to form learning groups in a pedagogically sound way. Our research objectives include the integration of collaborative learning into the learning environment so that knowledge about the collaboration context can be used to support collaboration, including group formation without the need for a detailed model of the learning domain. In this paper we describe how so-called Intended Points of Cooperation (IPoCs) can be integrated into a (web-based) course. The course author defines at which points in the course a collaborative activity should occur and specifies the cooperative activity, i.e., type and size of the learning group, the collaboration type, and additional material for each activity. We explain how the system can utilize the knowledge about the collaboration context in order to form appropriate learning groups. Finally, we illustrate our approach with examples from the project "L3: Lifelong learning as a utility", a German federally funded project which serves as a use case.
Findings 283 Characteristics associated with resilience in children at high risk of involvement in anti-social and other problem behaviour

The analysis presented here draws on a sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort to build on the existing literature. ALSPAC is a large study run by Bristol University following a cohort of children born to mothers living in Avon while pregnant in the early 1990s. This analysis is based on a sample of 6,553 children for whom there was data on anti-social behaviour at age 8 1 U from the overall ALSPAC sample. Individual and family-related characteristics associated with high risk and resilient children are examined and compared. These findings are based on data on the children up to the age of 8 1 U2.
Semi-supervised Learning with Encoder-Decoder Recurrent Neural Networks: Experiments with Motion Capture Sequences

Recent work on sequence to sequence translation using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architectures has shown great potential for learning useful representations of sequential data. A one-to-many encoder-decoder(s) scheme allows for a single encoder to provide representations serving multiple purposes. In our case, we present an LSTM encoder network able to produce representations used by two decoders: one that reconstructs, and one that classifies if the training sequence has an associated label. This allows the network to learn representations that are useful for both discriminative and reconstructive tasks at the same time. This paradigm is well suited for semi-supervised learning with sequences and we test our proposed approach on an action recognition task using motion capture (MOCAP) sequences. We find that semi-supervised feature learning can improve state-of-the-art movement classification accuracy on the HDM05 action dataset. Further, we find that even when using only labeled data and a primarily discriminative objective the addition of a reconstructive decoder can serve as a form of regularization that reduces over-fitting and improves test set accuracy.
An ongoing prospective randomized comparison of interleukin-2 regimens for the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer.

PURPOSE This article compares the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and clinical efficacy of high-dose intravenous, low-dose intravenous, and intermediate-dose subcutaneous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) regimens in patients with measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS This trial began as a two-arm randomized study comparing two bolus intravenous rIL-2 regimens. High-dose (720,000 IU/kg) and low-dose (72,000 IU/kg) rIL-2 were administered every 8 hours for up to 15 consecutive doses. Later, a third arm of outpatient subcutaneous rIL-2 (week 1: 250,000 IU/kg/day for 5 of 7 days; weeks 2-6: 125,000 IU/kg/day for 5 of 7 days) was added, and only concurrently randomized patients were compared. A sample of patients underwent pharmacokinetic studies of serum IL-2 levels following their first dose. Accrual to this study is ongoing and results are preliminary. RESULTS In the two-arm comparison of high-dose versus low-dose intravenous rIL-2, 116 and 112 patients have been randomized, respectively, and the median follow-up is 52 months. Low-dose rIL-2 induced significantly less hypotension, thrombocytopenia, malaise, pulmonary toxicity, and neurotoxicity than high-dose rIL-2. The initial overall response rate (partial plus complete responses) was 19% with high-dose rIL-2 and 10% with low-dose rIL-2. Responses to high-dose rIL-2 tended to be more durable. With 54 to 56 patients randomized per arm in the three-arm comparison, the high-dose intravenous, low-dose intravenous, and subcutaneous outpatient rIL-2 regimens have produced response rates of 16%, 4%, and 11%, respectively. Subcutaneous rIL-2 therapy was infrequently associated with grade 3 or 4 toxicity (similar to low-dose intravenous rIL-2 therapy). Survival data remain incomplete with median follow-up in the three-arm trial at 27 months. DISCUSSION The optimal IL-2 regimen for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma is not known. Alternative regimens with much less acute toxicity than high-dose IL-2 can cause regression of renal cell carcinoma, but duration of therapy, chronicity of symptoms, and quality-of-life issues may be important in properly evaluating the tolerability of different regimens. Because the main benefit of IL-2 therapy is not its initial response rate but its induction of durable, complete responses, further accrual and follow-up will be necessary to compare properly the impact of these regimens on patient survival.
Neuroblastoma. Mass screening for early detection and its prognosis

Since July 1973, the authors began developing a mass screening system using a VMA (vanilmandelic acid) spot test on 6‐to‐7 month‐old infants for early detection of neuroblastoma in Kyoto city, Japan. Using this method, six infants with this tumor were discovered; five of the six infants were cured, and one is under treatment. These patients showed a favorable prognosis on early diagnosis. in this article, 57 neuroblastoma patients from the Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, treated during the last 20 years, from July 1962 to June 1982, are evaluated. Since the mass screening program has run smoothly since July 1974, clinical findings are compared between 35 neuroblastoma cases before mass screening from the 12‐year period from July 1962 to June 1974 and 22 cases after mass screening, during the 8‐year period from July 1974 to June 1982. Before mass screening, only 20% (7/35) of the patients were discovered with neuroblastoma younger than 12 months of age and 68.6% were older than 2 years of age. After mass screening, 54.6% (12/22) of the patients were younger than 12 months of age and only 31.8% (7/22) were older than 2 years of age. Before mass screening, 17.1% (6/35) survived with five of the six surviving patients being younger than 12 months of age at the time of diagnosis; 72.7% (16/22) of the patients detected after mass screening are living now. Eleven of the 16 patients have already been cured, and the remaining 5 patients are presently undergoing treatment. A marked improvement of their prognoses is dependent on the early detection of this tumor by mass screening. To date, using the VMA spot test for early detection in infancy is convenient and effective for improvement of its prognosis.
A Network Approach to Psychosis: Pathways Between Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Symptoms

Childhood trauma (CT) has been identified as a potential risk factor for the onset of psychotic disorders. However, to date, there is limited consensus with respect to which symptoms may ensue after exposure to trauma in early life, and whether specific pathways may account for these associations. The aim of the present study was to use the novel network approach to investigate how different types of traumatic childhood experiences relate to specific symptoms of psychotic disorders and to identify pathways that may be involved in the relationship between CT and psychosis. We used data of patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder (n = 552) from the longitudinal observational study Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis Project and included the 5 scales of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and all original symptom dimensions of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Our results show that all 5 types of CT and positive and negative symptoms of psychosis are connected through symptoms of general psychopathology. These findings are in line with the theory of an affective pathway to psychosis after exposure to CT, with anxiety as a main connective component, but they also point to several additional connective paths between trauma and psychosis: eg, through poor impulse control (connecting abuse to grandiosity, excitement, and hostility) and motor retardation (connecting neglect to most negative symptoms). The results of the current study suggest that multiple paths may exist between trauma and psychosis and may also be useful in mapping potential transdiagnostic processes.
Monitoring Software Quality Evolution for Defects

Quality control charts, especially c-charts, can help monitor software quality evolution for defects over time. c-charts of the Eclipse and Gnome systems showed that for systems experiencing active maintenance and updates, quality evolution is complicated and dynamic. The authors identify six quality evolution patterns and describe their implications. Quality assurance teams can use c-charts and patterns to monitor quality evolution and prioritize their efforts.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis investigation of an epitope on human immunodeficiency virus recognized by a monoclonal antibody

Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) has been used to investigate the epitope on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) core protein p24 recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 13‐102‐100. The affinity of a series of peptides with N‐ and C‐terminal truncations of the epitope sequence determined by mass spectrometry was studied. The peak area change assay was used for the study of the interactions of the mAb with those peptides, exhibiting tight binding to the mAb, and the migration time shift assay was used to probe the relative affinities of peptides showing weak binding to the mAb. The experimental results show that the monoclonal antibody 13‐102‐100 recognizes the peptide VHPVHAGPIAP with highest affinity. Smaller peptides incorporating only part of the epitope, however, are recognized to some extent in the ACE experiments.
The influence of self-regulatory focus on encoding of, and memory for, emotional words

Abstract We investigated self-regulatory focus (Higgins, 1997, 1998) as one source of variation in encoding of, and memory for, emotional words. Participants wrote about their hopes and aspirations (promotion focus) or duties and obligations (prevention focus). In a subsequent incidental encoding task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants evaluated emotional (positive and negative) and neutral words as either good or bad. A surprise memory test followed, outside the scanner. We observed a dissociation in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), where activity during the evaluation task was greater when words were focus-consistent (positive for the promotion focus group, negative for the prevention focus group). Similarly, activity in a parahippocampal region was related to subsequent memory, but only for focus-consistent words. Given the role of the PCC in self-referential processing and episodic retrieval, and the parahippocampus in memory-related processing, these data suggest that regulatory focus influences which items are preferentially associated with self-referential information in memory. Such preferential processing may help explain why events are remembered differently by different individuals, which subsequently may influence interpersonal interactions.
V. CATECHOLAMINES CYCLIC AMP‐ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS: Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations in Patients with Hypertension

The enzymatic double-isotope derivative technique has been applied to the measurement of the catecholamines in plasma samples obtained from resting normal subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma or essential hypertension. The plasma catecholamine concentrations in the 18 patients with essential hypertension (0.45 ± 0.16 /xg/L [mean±SD]) were significantly higher (P<0.001) than those in the 32 normal subjects (0.24 ±0.07 fig/L). Values in the patients with pheochromocytomawere all elevated and ranged from 0.54 to 10 μg /L
Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor (Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor): CT Features With Pathologic Correlation

The objective of this study was to assess the CT features of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors with pathologic correlation. The authors retrospectively reviewed CT and pathologic findings of 10 patients with surgically resected inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung. On CT, five patients showed a polypoid endotracheal (n = 3) or endobronchial nodule in the left main bronchus (n = 2). Two patients showed a central parenchymal mass, and the remaining three patients showed a peripheral pulmonary nodule. All tumors had well defined margins and were round to ovoid; they ranged in diameter from 13 to 52 mm and showed varying degrees of contrast enhancement (range 13-89 H). On histopathologic examination, the two central parenchymal masses involving segmental bronchi were also mainly endobronchial in location. The three peripheral pulmonary nodules also showed a peribronchiolar location, with a bronchial mucosal lining spared in part. The authors conclude that pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are closely related to the airway.
Genomic and phenotypic analysis reveals a key role for CCN1 (CYR61) in BAG3—modulated adhesion and invasion

Chaperone protein quantity may regulate the balance of proteins involved in invasion and malignancy. BAG3 is a co‐chaperone and pro‐survival protein that has been implicated in adhesion, migration, and metastasis. We reported that BAG3 overexpression in MDA435 human breast cancer cells results in a significant decrease in migration and adhesion to matrix molecules that is reversed upon deletion of the BAG3 proline‐rich domain (dPXXP). We now hypothesize that transcriptional analysis would identify proteins involved in matrix‐related processes that are regulated by BAG3 and/or its PXXP domain mutant. Expression array analysis of MDA435 cells overexpressing either wild‐type BAG3 (FL) or dPXXP identified CCN1 as a BAG3 target protein. CCN1 is a known AP‐1 target. Increased AP‐1 transcriptional activity and AP‐1 DNA‐binding was found in MDA435 dPXXP cells. Consistent with these findings, CCN1 quantity and secretion were increased in dPXXP mutants but suppressed in FL cells; both BAG3 forms resulted in up‐regulated CCN1 in HeLa cells. CCN1 silencing in the BAG3 FL overexpressors reduced the already low phospho‐integrin β1 in response to attachment on collagen IV. Matrigel invasion of HeLa cells engineered with the BAG3 constructs was enhanced in FL cells and minimal in dPXXP cells. CCN1 silencing blocked a greater percentage of the serum‐induced invasion in FL cells than in dPXXP cells. This implies a context‐dependent function of BAG3 on CCN1 and thus mesenchymal behaviour. CCN1 may be necessary for adhesion and matrix‐related signalling in FL cells, abrogating a negative signal of the PXXP domain when BAG3 is intact. We propose that BAG3 regulates CCN1 expression to regulate tumour cell adhesion and migration. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Literature across the College Curriculum.

I Case studies in a management course? Yes, since business executives are discussing these dilemmas in a Brandeis University course described in the "Personal Report" of the Research Institute for the Executive, Spring 1986. The sources for these scenarios may, however, be familiar to readers of the literary classics. Joseph Conrad's 'The Secret Sharer," Katherine Anne Porter's "Noon Wine," and Arthur Miller's Death of a Sales-
Linking across forms in vertical scaling under the common-item nonequivalent groups design

The purposes of this dissertation are to compare how different the resulting proficiency estimates are by using two scale maintenance approaches, the horizontal and vertical approaches, in supporting scale stability across grade within form, within grade across forms, and across grades and across forms, and to thus investigate under which conditions of within-grade variability patterns and examinee sample characteristics one approach is preferable to the other. Since there is no universally accepted growth model in the literature, three different distribution sets were specified and generated with regard to within-grade variability patterns in the simulation data: constant across grades, decreasing variability as grade increases, and increasing variability as grade increases. In addition, two sets of examinee sample characteristics were also specified in the simulation data: small examinee group difference and large examinee group difference. Thus six proficiency distribution conditions were used to generate data in this dissertation. Under the six conditions of proficiency distributions, the performances of the two scale maintenance approaches on the resulting proficiency estimates across multiple forms were the foci in this dissertation. One major implication of this study is that the accuracy in recovering the true examinee proficiencies on the new form across multiple linking appeared to be an interaction among the number of forms or years involved in the linking process, the within-grade variability patterns, and the examinee group differences, but they did not appear to be a function of the maintenance approach implemented.
Styles of Learning and Thinking Matter in Instruction and Assessment

There are two styles of learning and thinking: ability based and personality based. The former are assessed by maximum-performance tests, and the latter are assessed by typical-performance tests. We argue that both kinds of styles matter for instruction and assessment in school. In particular, shaping lessons based on an awareness that people learn and think in different ways can lead to improved instructional outcomes. We describe one ability-based theory and one personality-based theory and present supporting data from multiple studies relevant to each.
Hedging Complex Barrier Options

We show how several complex barrier options can be hedged using a portfolio of standard European options. These hedging strategies only involve trading at a few times during the option’s life. Since rolling, ratchet, and lookback options can be decomposed into a portfolio of barrier options, our hedging results also apply.