Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Para clinical Manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis: A Cross Sectional Study on 81 Pediatric Patients

Objective Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease that presents with dermatological, neurological, cardiac, renal and ocular symptoms. We described the variable clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, Age and sex distribution of tuberous sclerosis in a group of 81 patients referred to our clinic. Materials & Methods Based on the diagnostic criteria, totally 81 tuberous sclerosis patients with sufficient data were enrolled into the study. These children were referred by child neurologists. Results The mean age of the patients was 52 months (range, 7-180 months). There were 28 girls and 53 boys. A positive familial history of TSC was seen in 29.6% of the patients. Hypo pigmented macules were the most common manifestation (82.7%). Facial angiofibroma, shagreen patches, café-au-lait lesions and seizure were observed in 32.1%, 12.3%, 7.4%. and 74.1% of the studied cases, respectively. Infantile spasm was present in the clinical course of 32.1 % of the patients. Cortical tubers were the most common MRI finding which were seen in 21 cases (25.9%). Subepandymal giant cell astrocytoma was seen in four (4.9%) patients and intracranial calcification (detected by CT scan) was observed in 18 (22.2%) of the patients. Conclusion Dermatological and neurological findings were the most common symptoms in tuberous sclerosis with a significant correlation between them. Thus, careful skin examination is necessary in epileptic patients for detection of the mentioned lesions.
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Systems of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

The American Heart Association previously recommended implementation of cardiac resuscitation systems of care that consist of interconnected community, emergency medical services, and hospital efforts to measure and improve the process of care and outcome for patients with cardiac arrest. In addition, the American Heart Association proposed a national process to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for cardiac resuscitation systems of care. Significant experience has been gained with implementing these systems, and new evidence has accumulated. This update describes recent advances in the science of cardiac resuscitation systems and evidence of their effectiveness, as well as recent progress in dissemination and implementation throughout the United States. Emphasis is placed on evidence published since the original recommendations (ie, including and since 2010).
A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal

&NA; Alprazolam is one of the most widely prescribed benzodiazepines for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Its clinical use has been a point of contention as most addiction specialists consider it to be highly addictive, given its unique psychodynamic properties which limit its clinical usefulness, whereas many primary care physicians continue to prescribe it for longer periods than recommended. Clinical research data has not fully shed light on its “abuse liability,” yet it is one of the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines. “Abuse liability” is the degree to which a psychoactive drug has properties that facilitate people misusing it, or becoming addicted to it, and is commonly used in the literature. We have replaced it in our manuscript with “misuse liability” as it reflects a more updated terminology consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In this paper, we have reviewed alprazolam's indications for use, its effect on pregnant women, misuse liability, withdrawal syndrome, pharmacodynamic properties, and suggest better clinical prescription practice of alprazolam by presenting an indepth theory of its clinical effects with use and withdrawal.
Serial Monitoring of Immune Markers Being Represented Regulatory T Cell/T Helper 17 Cell Ratio: Indicating Tolerance for Tapering Immunosuppression after Liver Transplantation

Recipients of liver transplantation (LT) require long-term immunosuppressive drug treatment, but lifelong immunosuppressive treatment has severe side effects. It is known that some LT recipients develop immune tolerance, and although the development of such operational tolerance should allow a decrease in the burden of immunosuppressive drug treatment, the factors that indicate operational tolerance are not clear. This study aimed to monitor immunological markers over time in LT recipients to identify those markers indicating the development of operational tolerance. We performed a prospective pilot study measuring immune markers, including the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) and T helper (Th) 17 cells in peripheral blood in the 14 most immunologically stable patients among 70 clinically stable LT recipients. The doses of immunosuppressive drugs given to these 14 LT recipients were tapered over time and they were monitored for immunological markers related to the development of immune tolerance. As the doses of immunosuppressive drugs were reduced, the Treg/Th17, Th1/Th17, and CD8/Th17 ratio in tolerant recipients was significantly increased compared with that of nontolerant recipients. These results suggest that monitoring of changes in the immune makers, including Treg/Th17 ratio during tapering of immunosuppression may allow prediction of the development of tolerance.
Domain-Specific Approximation for Object Detection

There is growing interest in object detection in advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous robots and vehicles. To enable such innovative systems, we need faster object detection. In this work, we investigate the trade-off between accuracy and speed with domain-specific approximations, i.e. category-aware image size scaling and proposals scaling, for two state-of-the-art deep learning-based object detection meta-architectures. We study the effectiveness of applying approximation both statically and dynamically to understand the potential and the applicability of them. By conducting experiments on the ImageNet VID dataset, we show that domain-specific approximation has great potential to improve the speed of the system without deteriorating the accuracy of object detectors, i.e. up to 7.5x speedup for dynamic domain-specific approximation. To this end, we present our insights toward harvesting domain-specific approximation as well as devise a proof-of-concept runtime, AutoFocus, that exploits dynamic domain-specific approximation.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Structure of Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the confirmatory factor analysis results of the Persian adaptation of Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS), proposed by Hopko, Mahadevan, Bare & Hunt. Method The validity and reliability assessments of the scale were performed on 298 college students chosen randomly from Tabriz University in Iran. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to determine the factor structures of the Persian version of AMAS. Results As expected, the two-factor solution provided a better fit to the data than a single factor. Moreover, multi-group analyses showed that this two-factor structure was invariant across sex. Hence, AMAS provides an equally valid measure for use among college students. Conclusions Brief AMAS demonstrates adequate reliability and validity. The AMAS scores can be used to compare symptoms of math anxiety between male and female students. The study both expands and adds support to the existing body of math anxiety literature.
Abstracts of trials presented at the Vth World Congress of Psychiatry (Mexico, 1971): a cohort study

Background. Systematic reviews should identify all relevant trials in order to minimize the potential for bias and the play of chance in their results. Other specialities have shown that conference proceedings are a rich source of trials, but many of these trials are never fully published. Methods. All clinical trials presented at a single conference (Vth World Congress of Psychiatry, Mexico, 1971) were identified by hand searching. Full publications of these abstracts were then sought on five databases by searching for the authors or relevant key words. Results. Full publications were found for 46% of the abstracts. The odds of publication decreased for abstracts that were from a non-Anglophone country or that failed to mention randomization. Conclusions. Anyone wishing to undertake a systematic review of a mental-health care topic should search relevant conference proceedings for trials.
Accelerating Asynchronous Algorithms for Convex Optimization by Momentum Compensation

Asynchronous algorithms have attracted much attention recently due to the crucial demands on solving large-scale optimization problems. However, the accelerated versions of asynchronous algorithms are rarely studied. In this paper, we propose the "momentum compensation" technique to accelerate asynchronous algorithms for convex problems. Specifically, we first accelerate the plain Asynchronous Gradient Descent, which achieves a faster $O(1/\sqrt{\epsilon})$ (v.s. $O(1/\epsilon)$) convergence rate for non-strongly convex functions, and $O(\sqrt{\kappa}\log(1/\epsilon))$ (v.s. $O(\kappa \log(1/\epsilon))$) for strongly convex functions to reach an $\epsilon$- approximate minimizer with the condition number $\kappa$. We further apply the technique to accelerate modern stochastic asynchronous algorithms such as Asynchronous Stochastic Coordinate Descent and Asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent. Both of the resultant practical algorithms are faster than existing ones by order. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to consider accelerated algorithms that allow updating by delayed gradients and are the first to propose truly accelerated asynchronous algorithms. Finally, the experimental results on a shared memory system show that acceleration can lead to significant performance gains on ill-conditioned problems.
Global patterns and trends in stomach cancer incidence: Age, period and birth cohort analysis

The cases of stomach cancer (SC) incidence are increasing per year and the SC burden has remained very high in some countries. We aimed to evaluate the global geographical variation in SC incidence and temporal trends from 1978 to 2007, with an emphasis on the effect of birth cohort. Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort model were applied. From 2003 to 2007, male rate were 1.5‐ to 3‐fold higher than female in all countries. Rates were highest in Eastern Asian and South American countries. Except for Uganda, all countries showed favorable trends. Pronounced cohort‐specific increases in risk for recent birth cohorts were seen in Brazil, Colombia, Iceland, New Zealand, Norway, Uganda and US white people for males and in Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Iceland, India, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Uganda, US black and white people for females. The cohort‐specific ratio for male significantly decreased in Japan, Malta and Spain for cohorts born since 1950 and in Austria, China, Croatia, Ecuador, Russia, Switzerland and Thailand for cohorts born since 1960 and for female in Japan for cohorts born since 1950 and in Canada, China, Croatia, Latvia, Russia and Thailand for cohorts born since 1960. Disparities in incidence and carcinogenic risk persist worldwide. The favorable trends may be due to changes in environmental exposure and lifestyle, including decreased Helicobacter pylori prevalence, increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, the availability of refrigeration and decreased intake of salted and preserved food and smoking prevalence.
Long noncoding RNA FOXD3‐AS1 regulates oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis via sponging microRNA‐150

The function of most human long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains unclear. Our studies identified a highly up‐regulated mammalian lncRNA, FOXD3‐AS1, known as linc1623 in mice, in the setting of hyperoxia/reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced lung injury. We found that ROS induced a robust expression of FOXD3‐AS1 in mouse lung tissue. Functionally, FOXD3‐AS1 promoted oxidative stress‐induced lung epithelial cell death. In human lung epithelial cells, the microRNA‐150 (miR‐150) was identified to interact with FOXD3‐AS1; this finding was confirmed using the luciferase reporter assays. Consistently, mutation on the miR‐150 pairing sequence in FOXD3‐AS1 abolished the interactions between FOXD3‐AS1 and miR‐150. Additionally, miR‐150 mimics suppressed the level of FOXD3‐AS1. The antisense oligos of FOXD3‐AS1 significantly augmented the intracellular level of miR‐150, supporting the theory of sponging effects of FOXD3‐AS1 on miR‐150. We further investigated the cellular function of miR‐150 in our lung injury models. MiR‐150 conferred a cytoprotective role in lung epithelial cells after oxidative stress, whereas FOXD3‐AS1 promoted cell death. Taken together, our studies indicated that FOXD3‐AS1 serves as a sponge or as a competing endogenous noncoding RNA for miR‐150, restricting its capability to promote cell growth and thereby exaggerating hyperoxia‐induced lung epithelial cell death. —Zhang, D. , Lee, H. , Haspel, J. A. , Jin, Y. Long noncoding RNA FOXD3‐AS1 regulates oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis via sponging microRNA‐150. FASEB J. 31, 4472–4481 (2017). www.fasebj. org
On the spectral deferred correction of splitting methods for initial value problems

Spectral deferred correction is a flexible technique for constructing high-order, stiffly-stable time integrators using a low order method as a base scheme. Here we examine their use in conjunction with splitting methods to solve initial-boundary value problems for partial differential equations. We exploit their close connection with implicit Runge–Kutta methods to prove that up to the full accuracy of the underlying quadrature rule is attainable. We also examine experimentally the stability properties of the methods for various splittings of advection-diffusion and reaction-diffusion equations.
Study of crater structure formation on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film accounts for a large amount of polypropylene since it is well suited for food packaging films or industrial films, because of its high performance in terms of mechanical and optical properties. Recently machine speed has been increasing to obtain higher production rate and film thickness has become thinner to reduce the environmental load. To meet the demands, many researchers have been investigating stretchability of PP by connecting the stretching force at the yield point and crystalline structure. Many other studies have been conducted regarding the surface structure of BOPP. Although there were some cases that crater-like film surface roughness was formed on BOPP films, the formation mechanism of craters has not been clarified. In this report, new hypothesis of the crater-like film surface roughness formation mechanism is proposed by observing the transformation of crater from sheet to BOPP film and by investigating the relationship between the stress–strain curve and surface roughness change. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Identification of Characters and Localization of Images Using Direct Multiple-Electrode Stimulation With a Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis.

Purpose Retinal prostheses provide vision to blind patients by eliciting phosphenes through electrical stimulation. This study explored whether character identification and image localization could be achieved through direct multiple-electrode stimulation with a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. Methods Two of three retinitis pigmentosa patients implanted with a suprachoroidal electrode array were tested on three psychophysical tasks. Electrode patterns were stimulated to elicit perception of simple characters, following which percept localization was tested using either static or dynamic images. Eye tracking was used to assess the association between accuracy and eye movements. Results In the character identification task, accuracy ranged from 2.7% to 93.3%, depending on the patient and character. In the static image localization task, accuracy decreased from near perfect to <20% with decreasing contrast (patient 1). Patient 2 scored up to 70% at 100% contrast. In the dynamic image localization task, patient 1 recognized the trajectory of the image up to speeds of 64 deg/s, whereas patient 2 scored just above chance. The degree of eye movement in both patients was related to accuracy and, to some extent, stimulus direction. Conclusions The ability to identify characters and localize percepts demonstrates the capacity of the suprachoroidal device to provide meaningful information to blind patients. The variation in scores across all tasks highlights the importance of using spatial cues from phosphenes, which becomes more difficult at low contrast. The use of spatial information from multiple electrodes and eye-movement compensation is expected to improve performance outcomes during real-world prosthesis use in a camera-based system. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01603576.).
Predicting the Risk of Opioid Use Disorder Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas

Substance use is a globally devastating social problem. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are inefficient mechanisms leading directly or indirectly to psychological distress. The current study aimed to assess the role of EMSs in predicting opioid use disorder. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in Bojnurd at northeast of Iran on 60 male opioid users who received Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) and 60 control males. The opioid users were selected randomly from MMT clinics and control subjects were selected and matched with opioid users using demographic variables. The subjects completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Except for SS (self-sacrifice), EG (entitlement/grandiosity), US (unrelenting standards), and FA (Failure to Achieve), the mean of other maladaptive schemas in the opioid user group were significantly higher than that of the control group, adjusted for multiple comparisons. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant differences in maladaptive schemas between the two groups. Logistic regression identified that Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, and Unrelenting Standards can predict opioid use. As a result, the risk of opioid-related disorders in people with higher YSQ-SF scores in these schemas is higher. The findings conclude that the existence of underlying EMS may constitute a vulnerability factor for developing opioid use disorders later on in life. Provided the vast amount of scientific literature in evidence-based treatments focusing on EMSs, maladaptive schemas and related core beliefs can be detected and treated in adolescence to prevent the enactment of the schema and psychological distress likely to induce opioid use.
Qualitative thematic analysis of the phenomenology of near-death experiences

Near-death experiences (NDEs) refer to profound psychological events that can have an important impact on the experiencers’ (NDErs) lives. Previous studies have shown that NDEs memories are phenomenologically rich. In the present study, we therefore aimed to extract the common themes (referred to as “features” in the NDE literature) reported by NDErs by analyzing all the concepts stored in the narratives of their experiences. A qualitative thematic analysis has been carried out on 34 cardiac arrest survivors’ NDE narratives. Our results shed the light on the structure of the narratives by identifying 10 “time-bounded” themes which refer to isolated events encountered during the NDE and 1 “transversal” theme which characterizes the whole narrative and generally appears as a retrospective comment of self-reflection on the experience. The division of narratives into themes provides us with detailed information about the vocabulary used by NDErs to describe their experience. This established thematic method enables a rigorous description of the phenomenon, ensuring the inclusion of all self-reported manifestations of themes in narratives.
Plasma YKL-40 as a biomarker for bevacizumab efficacy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the phase 3 randomized AVAglio trial

YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with pro-angiogenic functions. We hypothesized that patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and low baseline plasma YKL-40 levels derive greater benefit from first-line bevacizumab. Plasma samples were collected from 563 patients in the randomized, phase 3 AVAglio trial who received bevacizumab or placebo plus radiotherapy/temozolomide. Raw plasma YKL-40 concentrations were converted to age-corrected percentiles of normal healthy YKL-40 levels and divided into quartiles (Q). The impact of baseline plasma YKL-40 level on survival was investigated using Cox regression analyses. Patients with low baseline plasma YKL-40 (≤Q1) had an improved progression-free survival hazard ratio (HR) for bevacizumab versus placebo (0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.55) compared with high plasma YKL-40 (> Q1) (0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.87). Overall survival HRs were comparable between the subgroups (≤ Q1: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44–1.09; (> Q1: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68–1.13). A trend for improved progression-free survival HR with low versus high YKL-40 was observed in proneural glioblastoma (0.41, 95% CI: 0.13–1.28 vs 0.80, 95% CI: 0.45–1.40, respectively), but not for proliferative/mesenchymal subtypes. Elevated plasma YKL-40 (> 90th percentile of normal) was an independent negative prognostic factor. In conclusion, the predictive value of baseline plasma YKL-40 level as a biomarker for bevacizumab efficacy in glioblastoma may be limited to patients with proneural tumors. Independent validation studies are required to confirm these results.