Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy between cTNM and pTNM staging of oral cavity cancers and its prognostic significance

Accurate tumor‐node‐metastasis(TNM) staging of oral cavity cancer(OCC) is very important in the management of this dismal disease. However, stage migration from cTNM to pTNM was found in a portion of OCC patients. The objective of this study was to determine the possible causes of discrepancy between cTNM and pTNM in OCC and the clinical impacts of stage migration.
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING BROWN MIDRIB CORN SILAGE AND DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS PLUS SOLUBLES ON LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING DAIRY COWS

76.5 kg BW) were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares to investigate the effects of brown midrib (bm3) and conventional (DP) corn silages, and the inclusion of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on milk production and N utilization. In each 28 d period cows were assigned to one of four treatments: DP plus 0% DDGS (CON); bm3 plus 0%
Denervation does not Induce Muscle Atrophy Through Oxidative Stress

Denervation leads to the activation of the catabolic pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. Furthermore, denervation induces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, which is thought to contribute to the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. Several muscle diseases are characterized by denervation, but the molecular pathways contributing to muscle atrophy have been only partially described. Our study delineates the kinetics of activation of oxidative stress response in skeletal muscle following denervation. Despite the denervation-dependent induction of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, treatments with anti-oxidant drugs do not prevent the reduction of muscle mass. Our results indicate that, although oxidative stress may contribute to the activation of the response to denervation, it is not responsible by itself of oxidative damage or neurogenic muscle atrophy.
Labels in Education: The Role of Parents and Parental Cultural Capital in Acquiring Diagnoses and Educational Accommodations

This study provides a qualitative examination of the original tenets of Labelling Theory (LT) within the realm of education using a relatively new medical label, developmental coordination disorder. Labelling Theory, although initially proposed in the areas of crime and deviance, has been applied to mental illness and educational labels. However, recent social changes have prompted a renewal of its sustainability in these areas. This study empirically evaluates the original tenets of LT and explores the role of parents in the diagnostic process. Arguably, parents play an active role in their well-being and educational opportunities today; this study uses one case in exploring this role and in asking four research questions. It finds that parents, from beginning to end, played an active role in acquiring formal labels and services for their children throughout the diagnostic process and afterwards. Parents drew from the considerable resources and capital in this process. The findings of this article have profound implications for health care policies and educational policies, which are discussed in this article.
Teaching with Technology

Classroom teaching is a demanding job. Most people outside education probably think teachers spend most of their time teaching, but teachers are responsible for many tasks that have little to do with classroom instruction. Beyond planning and implementing instruction, teachers are also expected to be managers, psychologists, counselors, custodians, and community "ambassadors," not to mention entertainers. If teaching sounds like an unreasonable, almost impossible, job, perhaps it is. It is easy to understand how a teacher might become frustrated and disillusioned. Most teachers enter the profession expecting to spark the joy of learning in their students. Unfortunately, the other demands of the classroom are very distracting and consuming. We envision technology as a teacher's liberator to help reestablish the role and value of the individual classroom teacher. To do so, two things must happen. First the perspective of the classroom must change to become learner centered. Second, students and teachers must enter into a collaboration or partnership with technology in order to create a "community" that nurtures, encourages, and supports the learning process (Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt, 1992). It is important to note that the focus in this chapter is on educational technology as compared t o technology in education. There is a difference. Technology in education is often perceived in terms of how many computers or videocassette recorders are in a classroom and how they might be used to support traditional classroom activities, but this is a misleading and potentially dangerous interpretation. It not only places an inappropriate focus on hardware, but fails to consider other potentially useful "idea" technologies resulting from the application of one or more knowledge bases, such as learning theory. Educational technology involves applying ideas from various sources to create the best learning environments possible for students. Educational technologists also ask questions such as how a classroom might change or adapt when a computer is integrated into the curriculum. This integration means that the curriculum and setting may also need to change to meet the opportunities that the technology may offer. There are four purposes to this chapter. First, we will examine several different stages of technology adoption. Second, we will review traditional roles that technology has served in the classroom. Third, we will examine what a classroom might be like when attention is given to educational technology. Fourth, we will
External morphology of eyes and Nebenaugen of caridean decapods–ecological and systematic considerations

Most caridean decapods have compound eyes of the reflecting superposition kind, and additionally some possess an accessory eye-like organ of unknown function, also referred to as the nebenauge. We examined 308 caridean genera to assess the general morphology of the eye, rostrum length, eye diameter and the presence or absence and, when present, the diameter of the nebenauge. We have attempted to relate these data to ecological and taxonomic considerations. We consider there to be 6 distinct eye types based on the margin between the eyestalk and cornea. The presence of nebenaugen appears to be generally linked to an active lifestyle, as evidenced by the fact that species that have nebenaugen tend to have larger eyes and are more likely to have a distinct rostrum. We suggest that the inconsistencies in its presence/absence under both systematic and ecological lenses may indicate that when present it has various roles relating to behavioural and physiological rhythms.
THE EFFECT OF REMINISCENCE ON DEPRESSION AND LONELINESS IN ELDERLY

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reminiscence on depression and loneliness in the elderly. Method: A quasi experimental design with pre and post test and a control group was used. Research instruments consisted of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Loneliness Scale and the Reminiscence Package. Participants were 60 to 80 year old elderly (20 men and 20 women) resident in the City of Sirjan in Iran. Participants were chosen based on availability. Four groups (two experimental and two control groups) were included in the study. Experimental groups participated in reminiscence intervention (13 sections) but the control groups had no intervention. Results: Results indicated that reminiscence decreased reports of depression and loneliness feeling in the elderly. The effect of this intervention was different among men and women. Conclusions: It is argued that reminiscence can be used in the family and nursing homes to increase mental health and decrease feelings of depression and loneliness.
Isolation and Characterization of Inflammatory Cells from the Human Periapical Granuloma

Twelve histologically-confirmed periapical granulomas were evaluated by conventional immunologic rosette assays for the presence of T-lymphocytes and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes. A technique for dispersing the granuloma cells into suspensions was adopted to facilitate performance of the assays which were not applicable to tissue sections. Differential cell counts by an acridine orange vital dye method disclosed that the cell suspensions contained 30% macrophages, 44% lymphocytes, 15% plasma cells, and 12% neutrophils. Complement receptor-bearing cells comprised 17.9%, and T cells comprised 34.5% of the unseparated inflammatory cells. This study provides the first direct evidence of a predominance of thymic-derived lymphocytes in the lymphocyte compartment of the periapical granuloma. Analysis of the data shows that cell-mediated immunity most likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of the periapical granuloma.
Assessing Multidimensional Energy Literacy of Secondary Students Using Contextualized Assessment.

Energy literacy is multidimensional, comprising broad content knowledge as well as affect and behavior. Our previous study has defined four core dimensions for the assessment framework, including energy concepts, reasoning on energy issues, lowcarbon lifestyle, and civic responsibility for a sustainable society. The present study compiled a series of contextualized question items into a computer-based test (CBT) platform to examine students’ energy literacy. Each test unit included a scenario, presented via multimedia materials (e.g., text, image, short video, and animation), that pertained to real-life situations. Various types of questions were employed (e.g., multiple true-false, multiple choice, and short-answer) that required students to construct responses and make judgments. A total of 1,711 secondary school students participated in this survey. The results indicate that the energy literacy level of Taiwanese secondary students is discouragingly low and inter-correlations between the dimensions of energy literacy reveal that energy knowledge and behavior are more closely correlated than affect and behavior. In addition, the scores on the attitudinal items were slightly higher for junior than senior students and the students in the southern region scored higher on energy literacy than those in other regions. These findings provide evidence for the future development of energy-related educational curricula and materials that can improve students’ energy literacy and engagement in energy-related decisions.
Immediately loaded mandibular fixed implant prostheses using the all-on-four protocol: a report of 183 consecutively treated patients with 1 year of function in definitive prostheses.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate a specific protocol using four implants to support immediately loaded fixed prostheses to restore edentulous and partially edentulous mandibles and report on the outcome after 1 year of function with the definitive prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of all patients who were treated between June 2008 and December 2010 with fixed prostheses that were loaded immediately after placement of implants. The provisional prostheses were later replaced with computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture titanium frames supporting acrylic resin and denture teeth in the definitive prosthesis. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months and were assessed for implant survival and prosthetic performance, with descriptive statistics utilized to demonstrate results. RESULTS One hundred eighty-three consecutive patients received immediately loaded axial and tilted implants according to the defined protocol. One implant failed, resulting in a 99.86% implant success rate. There were two catastrophic prosthetic failures (fracture of the titanium framework), for a 98.9% prosthetic success rate. Three patients (1.6%) presented with fracture of a prosthetic mandibular incisor tooth. No prosthetic screw loosening or fractures were seen. Radiographic evaluation revealed no major bone loss around dental implants. CONCLUSIONS Based on this retrospective study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) this technique appears to provide a highly predictable implant performance; (2) it is necessary to critically evaluate framework design, especially around the connectors for cantilever extensions around the most distal implants; and (3) minor complications related to acrylic resin tooth fracture may be anticipated during the early phases of prosthetic treatment.
A CPG design of considering the attitude for the propulsion control of a Manta robot

In recent years, autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUVs) for underwater propulsion ecology investigation attracts attention from underwater researchers. Among these AUVs, one mimicked the fish is being developed, because of the low sound noise and the rapid turning predominance. The central pattern generators (CPGs), which is a neural circuit for a periodic motion generation of a living thing, is being applied to the control of a mobile robot. In this paper, we design a CPG in consideration of the attitude of a Manta robot for the propulsion control of it. The numerical model of the CPG uses the Matsuoka model. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is shown by numerical simulations.
Prompt regression of paravertebral and epidural abscesses in patients with pyogenic discitis. Sixteen cases evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether spinal magnetic resonance imaging performed one month into anti-microbial therapy for pyogenic discitis demonstrated changes of value for predicting outcomes and making therapeutic decisions. METHODS Prospective study of 16 patients with discitis. A physical evaluation, laboratory tests for inflammation, plain radiographs centered on the affected vertebral level, and magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium injection were performed at baseline and on day 30. All 16 patients were reevaluated after three months and 15 after six months. RESULTS The 12 men and four women had a mean age of 59 years. Fourteen patients had a paravertebral abscess (n=12) and/or an epidural abscess (n=6). On day 30, 14 of the 16 patients were clinically improved and ten were radiologically improved. The C-reactive protein level was still elevated in five cases. All reevaluated patients were improved after three months (16/16) and six months (15/15). Only two magnetic resonance imaging features improved during the first month: the size of paravertebral abscesses decreased in 11 of 12 patients, and the size of epidural abscesses decreased in four of six patients. CONCLUSION Paravertebral and epidural abscesses improve promptly under antimicrobial therapy. However, the presence of these lesions have no prognostic significance. Magnetic resonance imaging does not add significantly to the follow-up of patients who respond clinically to antimicrobial therapy. However, in patients with an unsatisfactory clinical response, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful therapeutic orientation by showing whether the paravertebral and/or epidural abscesses have decreased in size.
IL-12/IL-23p40 Is Highly Expressed in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and the CNS during All Stages of EAE, but Its Deletion Does Not Affect Disease Perpetuation

Background Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are heterodimers that share the p40 subunit, and both cytokines are critical in the differentiation of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Th1 and Th17 effector cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an animal model of the human central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). However, ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against p40 failed to show efficacy over placebo in a phase II clinical trial in patients with MS. The role of p40 in initial T cell priming and maintenance in secondary lymphoid tissues is not yet well understood. Methods Active EAE was induced in the B6.129-IL12b strain of p40eYFP reporter mice (yet40 mice), and Th1 and Th17 polarized cells were adoptively transferred into p40-deficient mice. Cellular subsets were phenotyped by multi-parameter flow cytometry, and p40 tissue expression was identified by confocal microscopy. Results We show that yet40 mice are susceptible to EAE, and that p40 is highly expressed in secondary lymphoid organs and the CNS during all stages of the disease. Interestingly, p40 expression in the recipient is not required for EAE induction after adoptive transfer of activated and differentiated encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells into p40-deficient mice. Peripheral antagonism of T helper cell trophic factors critical for the differentiation and maintenance of Th1 and Th17 cells ameliorates EAE, indicating that p40 may play a critical role in the induction of CNS autoimmunity but not in its perpetuation. Conclusion Our data may explain why ustekinumab did not ameliorate paraclinical and clinical disease in patients with MS. In patients with already established disease, activated antigen-specific encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells are likely already differentiated, and are not dependent on p40 for maintenance. A clinical trial of longer duration with anti-p40 mAbs or other forms of pharmacological p40 antagonism, or sequential anti-p40 therapy following T cell depletion may show a benefit by affecting de novo generation of autoimmune T cells.
Folic acid: Is self reported use of supplements accurate?

Low folate levels before conception and in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). 1 Preconception folic acid supplements provide protection against NTDs.2 Self administered questionnaires are a simple and non-invasive method of obtaining estimates of preconception folic acid use,3 however, their accuracy is often dependent on the subject matter. Undesirable behaviours (for example, smoking, criminal offences) are generally under-reported while desirable behaviours (for example, exercise, condom use) are often over-reported. Taking folic acid supplements to prevent NTDs is a desirable outcome and therefore over-reporting may be apparent. Haematological measures for both current and cumulative use of folic acid supplement provide accurate indicators of a woman's folate status and therefore provide good tools against which to validate self reporting. If self reporting is a valid indicator of folic acid supplementation then this may be quicker, cheaper and more acceptable to patients than collecting blood samples. This study aimed to assess the validity of self reported supplement use by comparison with haematological measurements. A questionnaire was self administered by consenting women, attending three hospital-based antenatal clinics within the West Midlands region of …
How social comparison moderates automatic behavior

Die Aktivierung sozialer Stereotype kann zur unbewussten Nachahmung von Verhaltensweisen fuhren, die mit dem Stereotyp assoziiert sind; so wurde z.B. gezeigt, das junge Leute langsamer reagieren, nachdem sie alte Leute wahrgenommen haben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen sich dieser Effekt umkehrt, da nicht davon ausgegangen werden kann, das wir unter allen Umstaenden nachahmen, besonders dann nicht, wenn es um fremde Gruppen geht. Das entwickelte theoretische Modell sagt vorher, dass automatischer Kontrast im Verhalten dann auftritt, wenn ein sozialer Vergleich mit der Gruppe vorangeht. Diese Moderatorwirkung von sozialem Vergleich wird empirisch bestatigt. So zeigen die Ergebnisse u.a. , dass junge Leute schneller reagieren, wenn sie vorher alte Personen wahrgenommen haben, die explizit als Angehorige einer fremden Gruppe kategorisiert wurden.
Prenatal stretching exercise and autonomic responses: preliminary data and a model for reducing preeclampsia.

PURPOSE Preeclampsia is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, and it increases maternal risk for future cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships among stretching exercise, autonomic cardiac response, and the development of preeclampsia. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. METHODS Heart rate and pulse pressure were longitudinally examined in this secondary data analysis among women who engaged in stretching exercise daily from 18 weeks of gestation to the end of pregnancy compared with women who did walking exercise daily during the same time period. A total of 124 women were randomized to either stretching (n=60) or walking (n=64) in the parent study. FINDINGS Heart rates in the stretching group were consistently lower than those in the walking group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this secondary data analyses, a physiologic framework for possible beneficial effects of stretching exercise by enhancing autonomic responses on reducing risks for preeclampsia is proposed and discussed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If the protective effect is established, stretching exercise can be translated into nursing intervention for prenatal care.
Quantitative characterization of the binding of plasminogen to intact fibrin clots, lysine-sepharose, and fibrin cleaved by plasmin.

The binding of human Glu- and Lys-plasminogens to intact fibrin clots, to lysine-Sepharose, and to fibrin cleaved by plasmin was quantitatively characterized. On intact fibrin clots, there was one strong binding site for Glu-plasminogen with a dissociation constant, Kd, of 25 microM and one strong binding site for Lys-plasminogen with a Kd of 7.9 microM. In both cases, the number of plasminogen binding sites per fibrin monomer was 1. Also, a much weaker binding site for Glu-plasminogen was observed with a Kd of about 350 microM. Limited digestion of fibrin by plasmin created additional binding sites for plasminogen with Kd values similar to the binding of plasminogen to lysine-Sepharose. This was predictable given the observations that plasminogen binds to lysine-Sepharose and can be eluted with epsilon-aminocaproic acid [Deutsch, D.G. , & Mertz, E.T. (1970) Science (Washington, D.C.) 170, 1095-1096] and that plasmin preferentially cleaves fibrin at the carboxy side of lysyl residues [Weinstein, M.J., & Doolittle, R.F. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 258, 577-590], because the structures of the lysyl moiety in lysine-Sepharose and of epsilon-aminocaproic acid are identical with the structure of a COOH-terminal lysyl residue created by plasmin cleavage of fibrin. The Kd for the binding of Glu-plasminogen to lysine-Sepharose was 43 microM and for fibrin partially cleaved by plasmin 48 microM. The Kd for the binding of Lys-plasminogen to lysine-Sepharose was 30 microM. With fibrin partially cleaved by plasmin, there were two types of binding sites for Lys-plasminogen, one with a Kd of 7.6 microM and the other with a Kd of 44 microM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tick-Borne Pathogen – Reversed and Conventional Discovery of Disease

Molecular methods have increased the number of known microorganisms associated with ticks significantly. Some of these newly identified microorganisms are readily linked to human disease while others are yet unknown to cause human disease. The face of tick-borne disease discovery has changed with more diseases now being discovered in a “reversed way,” detecting disease cases only years after the tick-borne microorganism was first discovered. Compared to the conventional discovery of infectious diseases, reverse order discovery presents researchers with new challenges. Estimating public health risks of such agents is especially challenging, as case definitions and diagnostic procedures may initially be missing. We discuss the advantages and shortcomings of molecular methods, serology, and epidemiological studies that might be used to study some fundamental questions regarding newly identified tick-borne diseases. With increased tick-exposure and improved detection methods, more tick-borne microorganisms will be added to the list of pathogens causing disease in humans in the future.