Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Youth Political Development: An Introduction

Research on political socialization during the 1950s focused on early precursors of political attitudes and treated children as rather passive participants in the process. A second wave of research in the 1960s considered youth a force creating social change and held that the transition between adolescence and adulthood was a period uniquely suited to examining political issues. Developmental research during the past two decades has emphasized lifelong plasticity and the importance of the sociohistorical contexts in which children grow up. This change in views of development has occurred at a time when populations in all societies are becoming more diverse and when there have been dramatic economic and sociopolitical upheavals throughout the world. Thus there is a renewed importance for research on the political development of young people and the potential for examining this topic in increasingly meaningful ways. This issue highlights a new generation of research in this domain, paying particular attention to international and comparative work and to those studies that bring afresh and developmental approach.
Video Detection and Classification of Pedestrian Events at Roundabouts and Crosswalks

A well-established technique for studying pedestrian safety is based on reducing data from video-based in-situ observation. The extraction and cataloging from recorded video of pedestrian crossing events has largely been achieved manually. Although the manual methods are generally reliable, they are extremely time-consuming. As a result, more detailed, encompassing site studies are not practical unless the mining for these events can be automated. The study investigated such a tool based on utilizing a novel image processing algorithm recently developed for the extraction of human activities in complex scenes. No human intervention other than defining regions of interest for approaching vehicles and the pedestrian crossing areas was required. The output quantified general event indicators—such as pedestrian wait time, and crossing time and vehicle-pedestrian yield behaviors. Such data can then be used to guide more detailed analyses of the events to study potential vehicle-pedestrian conflicts and their causal effects. The evaluation was done using an extensive set of multi-camera video recordings collected at roundabouts. The tool can be used to support other pedestrian safety research where extracting potential pedestrian-vehicle conflicts from video are required, for example at crosswalks at urban signalized and uncontrolled intersections.
Possible Determinants of Differential Item Functioning: Familiarity, Interest, and Emotional Reaction.

This study evaluated the connection between gender differences in examinees’ familiarity, interest, and negative emotional reactions to items on the Advanced Placement Psychology Examination and the items’ gender differential item functioning (DIF). Gender DIF and gender differences in interest varied appreciably with the content of the items. Gender differences in the three variables were substantially related to the items’ gender DIF (e.g., R = .50). Much of the gender DIF on this test may be attributable to gender differences in these variables.
Sensor data fusion with MPSoCSim in the context of electric vehicle charging stations

This paper presents a platform for evaluating sensor data fusion algorithms based on a Network-on-Chip (NoC). The NoC is simulated by MPSoCSim that contains an ARM and several MicroBlaze processors. The approach is evaluated in an automotive context. Charging stations for electric vehicles consist of expensive sensors, as the energy measurement system is an important part used for billing purposes, for safety of the charging process and for security. The sensors, that are usually used, are special made solutions, which are thermally stable and highly accurate. The NoC infrastructure presented in this paper results in a new method for sensor data fusion, which decreases costs by using inexpensive sensor units. The target of the sensor data fusion approach is to replace expensive sensors with many inexpensive one without loosing accuracy. The presented simulation platform allows an easy exchange of sensor models and sensor data fusion algorithms. Complex algorithms can furthermore be transferred to programmable FPGA logic, which allows the simultaneous processing of sensor data.
The New Visibility

This article examines the characteristics of a new form of visibility which has become a pervasive feature of the modern world and which is linked to the development of communication media. With the development of the media, the visibility of individuals, actions and events is severed from the sharing of a common locale: one no longer has to be present in the same spatial-temporal setting in order to see the other or to witness an action or event. The rise of this new form of mediated visibility has transformed the relations between visibility and power. Thanks to mediated visibility, political rulers are able to appear before their subjects in ways and on a scale that never existed previously. Skilful politicians exploit this to their advantage; with the help of their PR consultants and communications advisers, they seek to create and sustain a basis of support by managing their visibility in the mediated arena of modern politics. But mediated visibility is a double-edged sword: it also creates new risks for political leaders, who find themselves exposed to new kinds of dangers. Hence the visibility created by the media becomes the source of a new and distinctive kind of fragility. However much political leaders try to manage their visibility, they cannot completely control it: mediated visibility can slip out of their grasp and can, on occasion, work against them.
Characterization and subcellular localization of the Clostridium thermocellum scaffoldin dockerin binding protein SdbA

This article reports the characterization of the Clostridium thermocellum SdbA protein thought to anchor the cellulosome to the bacterial cell surface. The NH2-terminal region of SdbA consists of a cohesin domain which specifically binds the dockerin domain of the cellulosomal scaffolding protein CipA. The COOH-terminal region consists of a triplicated segment, termed SLH repeats, which is present in the sequence of many bacterial cell surface polypeptides. The binding parameters of the interaction between the dockerin domain of CipA and the cohesin domain of SdbA were studied by using, as a probe, the chimeric polypeptide CelC-DSCipA, which carries the dockerin domain of CipA fused to endoglucanase CelC. In the presence of Ca2+, CelC-DSCipA bound to SdbA with an affinity constant of 1.26 x 10(7) M(-1). Binding of CelC-DSCipA to SdbA as a function of Ca2+ concentration was sigmoidal, corresponding to a Hill coefficient of 2 and an affinity constant for Ca2+ of 4 x 10(6) M(-2). This suggested the presence of two cooperatively bound Ca2+ ions in the cohesin-dockerin complex. Immunoblotting of C. thermocellum subcellular fractions and electron microscopy of immunocytochemically labeled cells indicated that SdbA is located on the cell surface and is a component of the cellulosome. Together, the data confirm that SdbA could mediate anchoring of the cellulosome to the surface of C. thermocellum cells by interacting with the dockerin domain of CipA.
Cognitive Function and Activities of Daily Living in Severely Impaired Dementia Patients

This study examined the relationship between a recently published measure of cognitive status and well-established measures of functional ability in severely impaired demented elderly. Fifty outpatients with severe cognitive impairment were administered the Severe Impairment Battery, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scales. Total scores on the Severe Impairment Battery were significantly associated with measures of functional ability and CDR. Some but not all subscale scores of the SIB correlated significantly with measures of functional status. The data presented in this study document the relationship between the SIB and measures of functional status, and suggest the need for more appropriate ADL measures for use with severely impaired patients.
The Infant Microbiome: Implications for Infant Health and Neurocognitive Development

BackgroundBeginning at birth, the microbes in the gut perform essential duties related to the digestion and metabolism of food, the development and activation of the immune system, and the production of neurotransmitters that affect behavior and cognitive function. ObjectivesThe objectives of this review are to (a) provide a brief overview of the microbiome and the “microbiome–gut–brain axis”; (b) discuss factors known to affect the composition of the infant microbiome: mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, and infant-feeding patterns; and (c) present research priorities for nursing science and clinical implications for infant health and neurocognitive development. DiscussionThe gut microbiome influences immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways and plays an important role in infant development. Several factors influence colonization of the infant gut microbiome. Different microbial colonization patterns are associated with vaginal versus surgical birth, exposure to antibiotics, and infant-feeding patterns. Because of extensive physiological influence, infant microbial colonization patterns have the potential to impact physical and neurocognitive development and life course disease risk. Understanding these influences will inform newborn care and parental education.
Triggering of Neuroendocrine Refractoriness to Short‐Day Patterns of Melatonin in Siberian Hamsters

Short day lengths induce gonadal regression within 6 weeks in Siberian hamsters, but this inhibitory effect eventually wanes and reproductive competence is regained after 4–6 months in short days. These experiments were undertaken to determine whether continuous exposure to short days for several months is necessary to induce neuroendocrine refractoriness, or if a few weeks of short days are sufficient to trigger processes that culminate in refractoriness several months later. Adult male Siberian hamsters transferred from their natal long‐day photoperiod of 15L (15 h light/day) to a short‐day photoperiod of 10L were pinealectomized (PINx) after 0, 6, 12, 21 or 40 weeks of exposure to 10L. Intact hamsters kept in 10L manifested gonadal regression by week 6 and completed gonadal recrudescence by week 40, at which time they too were PINx. Beginning at week 40 all hamsters were infused s.c. with melatonin for 10 h/day for 6 consecutive weeks. This treatment induces gonadal regression in photosensitive hamsters. At the end of melatonin treatment, maximal gonadal regression was recorded for hamsters PINx at week 0 and those PINx after 40 weeks in long days. Hamsters PINx after 40 week of short day treatment were completely unresponsive to melatonin whereas those PINx after 6 and 12 weeks had intermediate responses. The percentage of hamsters whose reproductive apparatus was refractory to melatonin at week 40 increased with increasing duration of exposure to short days prior to PINx. Refractoriness was induced by relatively few weeks of short days in some hamsters, whereas others required much more extensive exposure. Induction of refractoriness is triggered by a fraction of the short days that hamsters experience in nature but may not be manifested until many weeks later when it coincides with gonadal recrudescence. In nature all hamsters are exposed to short days for at least 25 weeks, ensuring refractoriness in most individuals.
Pityrosporum folliculitis and ketoconazole

Pityrosporum folliculitis, an apparently common dermatosis, appears to have a multi‐factorial aetiology. The response of thirteen patients with Pityrosporum folliculitis to ketoconazole therapy indicates that the Pityrosporum yeasts may be important aetiotogical agents.
MEASURING AND MODELING BUBBLES IN SHIP WAKES , AND THEIR EFFECT ON ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION

This paper presents measurements and model predictions of the density and size distribution of bubbles in the wakes of full scale ships, and the effects of the bubbles on acoustic propagation. The ship wake is primarily a hydrodynamic process, characterized by temporally and spatially varying flow conditions (i.e., local fluid velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation, etc.) coupled with the transport of large numbers of bubbles. We present results of ship wake modelling utilizing hydrodynamic and bubble transport equations in which we assume that the bubble density is such that, to a very good approximation, the bubbles have negligible effect on the momentum of the local (water) flow. This allows transport of the bubble field to be performed after the flow calculation, i.e., there is no feedback. Bubble transport includes the following processes: buoyancy, drag, turbulent dispersion, and response to pressure fluctuations. We present measurements of acoustical backscattering from full-scale ship wakes, which reveal the wake’s time-varying shape and dependence upon operating conditions (e.g., speed). The bubbles dominate the optical and acoustic characteristics of the wake, which means that remote probing of the wake provides direct information about bubble distribution and only by inference other properties such as fluid velocity. Finally, the effect of the bubbles on acoustic propagation is investigated using a full-field acoustic propagation model that responds to the range-dependent refractive and attenuative effects of the bubbles. Both sound speed and attenuation depend upon the bubble radius, pressure and acoustic frequency, and the radius depends upon pressure (i.e., depth). The nature of the wake bubble field leads to depths and frequencies at which sound is attracted toward or away from the wake.
Perfectionism, anger, and situation criticality in competitive youth ice hockey.

This study examined the degree to which male youth ice hockey players (N = 229, M age = 14.15 years; SD = 1.03) perfectionist orientations were associated with anger vulnerability in competition. Perfectionism and trait anger were measured as domain-specific constructs. Athletes were also asked to speculate on the likely intensity of anger responses if they were to commit mistakes in high- and low-criticality situations in competition. Canonical correlation results indicated that heightened perfectionist orientations were associated with heightened competitive trait anger. Cluster analyses produced three clusters of athletes who possessed either low, moderate, or high levels of perfectionism. Significant between-cluster differ­ences on anger responses to mistakes were obtained, with highly perfectionistic athletes anticipating significantly higher levels of anger following mistakes than low and moderately perfectionistic athletes. A significant situation-criticality main effect was also observed, with athletes anticipating higher levels of anger follow­ing personal mistakes in high- as opposed to low-criticality situations. Results are discussed within the context of cognitive motivational theories of emotion.
Continued clinical validation of dementia diagnosed in the community using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination

We describe the outcome 2 years later of elderly Cambridge residents who had been diagnosed as demented using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination. Mortality rates were high but diagnoses were confirmed for all of the 43 moderate and severe cases who survived for this period, and for 51 of the 56 subjects who had been rated initially as mildly demented; 28 of the 56 mildly demented subjects progressed to more severe levels of impairment. As many as 12 of the 24 original minimally demented cases showed evidence of intellectual deterioration, which lends weight to the validity of this experimental category.
Human biology at the interface of paediatrics: Measuring bone mineral accretion during childhood

Background: Professor Tanner established a paradigm for the study of growth and development that demands precise growth measurements, description of normal variability through development to adulthood, consideration of the effects of tempo and the study of factors that influence growth outcomes. The relatively new field of paediatric bone health assessment fits this paradigm and reflects the collaboration of human biologists and paediatricians in understanding the growth of the human skeleton. Review: This review describes the reasons for clinical assessment of bone density in children, the technological developments in bone health assessment in children, the development of reference curves and the effects of growth, body composition, pubertal timing, genetics and lifestyle on bone health outcomes.
Efficient RDF Storage and Retrieval in Jena2

RDF and related Semantic Web technologies have been the recent focus of much research activity. This work has led to new specifications for RDF and OWL. However, efficient implementations of these standards are needed to realize the vision of a world-wide semantic Web. In particular, implementations that scale to large, enterprise-class data sets are required. Jena2 is the second generation of Jena, a leading semantic web programmers' toolkit. This paper describes the persistence subsystem of Jena2 which is intended to support large datasets. This paper describes its features, the changes from Jena1, relevant details of the implementation and performance tuning issues. Query optimization for RDF is identified as a promising area for future research.
Violence and Victimization of Lesbians and Gay Men

This article describes some of the major psychosocial challenges faced by lesbian and gay male survivors of hate crimes, their significant others, and the gay community as a whole. When an individual is attacked because she or he is perceived to be gay, the negative mental health consequences of victimization converge with those resulting from societal heterosexism to create a unique set of problems. Such victimization represents a crisis for the individual, creating opportunities for growth as well as risks for impairment. The principal risk associated with anti-gay victimization is that the survivor's homosexuality becomes directly linked to her or his newly heightened sense of vulnerability. The problems faced by lesbian and gay male victims of sexual assault, and the psychological impact of verbal abuse also are discussed. Suggestions are offered to assist practitioners in helping the survivors of anti-gay hate crimes.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor &dgr; Agonist GW1516 Attenuates Diet-Induced Aortic Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice

Objective— The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) &dgr; regulates systemic lipid homeostasis and inflammation. However, the ability of PPAR&dgr; agonists to improve the pathology of pre-established lesions and whether PPAR&dgr; activation is atheroprotective in the setting of insulin resistance have not been reported. Here, we examine whether intervention with a selective PPAR&dgr; agonist corrects metabolic dysregulation and attenuates aortic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Approach and Results— Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were fed a chow or a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet (42% fat, 0.2% cholesterol) for 4 weeks. For a further 8 weeks, the HFHC group was fed either HFHC or HFHC plus GW1516 (3 mg/kg per day). GW1516 significantly attenuated pre-established fasting hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, as well as glucose and insulin intolerance. GW1516 intervention markedly reduced aortic sinus lesions and lesion macrophages, whereas smooth muscle &agr;-actin was unchanged and collagen deposition enhanced. In aortae, GW1516 increased the expression of the PPAR&dgr;-specific gene Adfp but not PPAR&agr;- or &ggr;-specific genes. GW1516 intervention decreased the expression of aortic proinflammatory M1 cytokines, increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory M2 cytokine Arg1, and attenuated the iNos/Arg1 ratio. Enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, known to induce inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro, was enhanced in aortae of HFHC-fed mice. Furthermore, the HFHC diet impaired aortic insulin signaling through Akt and forkhead box O1, which was associated with elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress markers CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein and 78kDa glucose regulated protein. GW1516 intervention normalized mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, insulin signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusions— Intervention with a PPAR&dgr; agonist inhibits aortic inflammation and attenuates the progression of pre-established atherosclerosis.
Information Technology, Globalization and Social Development

L'A. analyse l'impact de la globalisation et du developpement des technologies de l'information en matiere de developpement social. Il montre que ce type de technologie joue un role fondamental dans le cadre du processus de globalisation. Il considere que l'information et la communication sont des instruments strategiques. Il souligne que le developpement des technologies de l'information est a l'origine de la constitution de vastes reseaux dont il decrit l'organisation. Il insiste sur le fait que l'«ere de l'information» voit l'accroissement des inegalites, de la pauvrete et de l'exclusion sociale et la constitution d'un «Quatrieme monde»
Occupations and Identity in the Life of a Primary Caregiving Father

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore and elucidate the relationships between occupations and identity. The narrative of a father who, after he sustained a work injury, became the primary caregiver of his two sons with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is used to explore these relationships. The father was interviewed three times at his home for a total of four and a half hours of audiotaped interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using narrative and thematic approaches. In his story, the father focused on his advocacy rather than his direct caregiving roles, thus presenting a story that was different from the other stories in the original research project. Advocacy was his life occupation that involved interactions with several institutions and organizations and provided him with interactions with the outside world. These interactions constituted the thread of continuity that helped him maintain a coherent identity. When life circumstances require that persons change their life occupations, their perceived identities may be challenged. Aspects of new occupations, however, may facilitate the continuity of perceived identity. The main limitation of this paper is the use of a single story of a father whose life events have been rather unique.