Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aurasium: Practical Policy Enforcement for Android Applications

The increasing popularity of Google's mobile platform Android makes it the prime target of the latest surge in mobile malware. Most research on enhancing the platform's security and privacy controls requires extensive modification to the operating system, which has significant usability issues and hinders efforts for widespread adoption. We develop a novel solution called Aurasium that bypasses the need to modify the Android OS while providing much of the security and privacy that users desire. We automatically repackage arbitrary applications to attach user-level sandboxing and policy enforcement code, which closely watches the application's behavior for security and privacy violations such as attempts to retrieve a user's sensitive information, send SMS covertly to premium numbers, or access malicious IP addresses. Aurasium can also detect and prevent cases of privilege escalation attacks. Experiments show that we can apply this solution to a large sample of benign and malicious applications with a near 100 percent success rate, without significant performance and space overhead. Aurasium has been tested on three versions of the Android OS, and is freely available.
Effects of low-volume hemoglobin glutamer-200 versus normal saline and arginine vasopressin resuscitation on systemic and skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygenation in a canine hemorrhagic shock model*

Objective:To test the hypothesis that low-volume resuscitation with hemoglobin glutamer-200 improves hemodynamic function and tissue oxygenation, whereas arginine vasopressin resuscitation improves blood pressures more than low-volume saline or hemoglobin glutamer infusion but compromises systemic and muscle blood flow and oxygenation. Design:Randomized laboratory investigation. Setting:University research facility. Subjects:Nineteen dogs. Interventions:Dogs were instrumented to determine heart rate; arterial, central venous, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressures; cardiac output; and quadriceps muscle blood flow and oxygen tension (PMo2). Total and plasma hemoglobin, oxygen content, lactate, pH, standard base excess, and arginine vasopressin levels were determined, and systemic oxygen delivery (Do2I) and extraction ratio were calculated. Measurements were made before and 30 mins following hemorrhage. Dogs were resuscitated over 60 mins with saline (8.5 mL/kg), arginine vasopressin (0.4 IU/kg bolus plus 0.08 IU·kg−1·min−1), or 1:1 diluted hemoglobin glutamer-200. Recordings were then repeated. Subsequently, animals received 30 mL/kg shed blood (60 mL·kg−1·hr−1), and recordings were repeated immediately and 1 hr later. Measurements and Main Results:Hemorrhage (∼52 mL/kg) caused characteristic changes in hemodynamic, hematologic, systemic PMo2, and acid-base variables. Saline resuscitation increased both Do2I and muscle perfusion by 42% and 51%, while arginine vasopressin treatment reduced heart rate by 31% and increased mean arterial pressure by 22% but not cardiac output, Do2I, or muscle blood flow, resulting in a further decrease of PMo2 by 68% and worse metabolic acidosis. Hemoglobin glutamer-200 infusion caused systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction, however, without deterioration of cardiac output, Do2I, muscle blood flow, or PMo2 despite lack of oxygen content increase. Blood transfusion restored most variables. Conclusions:Low-volume crystalloid or hemoglobin glutamer-200 resuscitation posthemorrhage may improve (but not restore) macro- and microvascular functions and tissue oxygenation, while arginine vasopressin infusion may only improve blood pressures and result in lower overall systemic perfusion compared with low-volume saline or hemoglobin glutamer-200 treatment and worsening of anaerobic conditions in skeletal muscle.
Gender-related consequences of Internet use perceived by parents in a representative quota sample of adolescents

Only few studies have investigated gender differences in consequences of adolescent Internet use in a general population sample. In this study, we surveyed a representative German quota sample of N=1744 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years and their caregivers with standardised questionnaires. Parents’ reports showed significant differences between male and female youth in 8 out of 10 problem areas (summarised in a ‘difficulties index’, Cronbach's alpha=0.89) caused by adolescent Internet use. According to parents’ assessment, male adolescents neglected school obligations and friendships outside the Internet more frequently than female adolescents. Compared to girls, boys spent more time and money using the Internet, regarded media use as more important, set wrong priorities in selecting online content, and rather ran into cost traps or legal consequences. More parents of boys than of girls observed adverse effects on adolescents’ physical and mental development. Both parents and adolescents consistently reported excessive media use more frequently for boys. By conducting a multiple linear regression analysis for the full sample, approximately one-third (34%) of the variance in the ‘difficulties index’ was explained by frequency of excessive Internet use. The results highlight the importance of gender-related analyses regarding the consequences of adolescent Internet use.
Exploring Child Welfare Workers’ Experiences with Neglect Cases: A Qualitative Study

Child neglect continues to be a pressing concern in American society. However, child neglect is often found to be more difficult to assess than other forms of child maltreatment. This study explores how child welfare workers experience their day-to-day work with children and families, when neglect is the presenting concern. Convenience sampling was used to recruit former and current child welfare workers (N = 20). Three focus groups were conducted. The analyses identified four themes inherent in case workers' experiences in neglect cases: a dirty house isn't just a dirty house, dilemmas and professional judgment, different values, and ambivalence: compassion and frustration. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Removing Striping Noise from Cloudy Level 2 Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Color Datasets

Abstract: This paper introduces a new destriping algorithm for remote sensing data. The method is based on combined Haar Stationary Wavelet transform and Fourier filtering. State-of-the-Art methods based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) may not always be effective and may cause different artifacts. Our contribution is three-fold: i) we propose to use the Undecimated Wavelet transform (UWT) to avoid as much as possible shortcomings of the classical DWT; ii) we combine a spectral filtering and UWT using the simplest possible wavelet, the Haar basis, for a computational efficiency; iii) we handle 2D fields with missing data, as commonly observed in ocean remote sensing data due to atmospheric conditions (e.g., cloud contamination). The performances of the proposed filter are tested and validated on the suppression of horizontal strip artifacts in cloudy L2 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and ocean color snapshots.
Enhanced Visual Motion Perception in Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that is not traditionally considered to affect the visual system. However, recent findings have reported decreased cortical levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in occipital cortex. To explore possible functional consequences of MDD on visual processing, we applied a psychophysical visual motion processing task in which healthy young adults typically exhibit impaired perceptual discrimination of large high-contrast stimuli. It has been suggested that this phenomenon, spatial suppression, is mediated by GABAergic center–surround antagonism in visual pathways. Based on previous findings linking MDD to occipital GABA dysfunction, we hypothesized that MDD patients would exhibit decreased spatial suppression, leading to the counterintuitive hypothesis of better psychophysical performance. Indeed, motion perception for typically suppressed stimuli was enhanced in patients with MDD compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, the degree of spatial suppression correlated with an individual's illness load; patients with greater lifetime duration of depression exhibited the least spatial suppression and performed the best in the high-contrast motion discrimination task. Notably, this decrease in spatial suppression persisted beyond recovery and without the confound of acute illness or treatment; all patients had been clinically recovered and unmedicated for several months at the time of testing, suggesting that depression has ubiquitous consequences that may persist long after mood symptoms have receded. This finding raises the possibility that spatial suppression may represent a sensitive endophenotypic marker of trait vulnerability in MDD.
Lectures on Harmonic Analysis

The $L^1$ Fourier transform The Schwartz space Fourier inversion and the Plancherel theorem Some specifics, and $L^p$ for $p<2$ The uncertainty principle The stationary phase method The restriction problem Hausdorff measures Sets with maximal Fourier dimension and distance sets The Kakeya problem Recent work connected with the Kakeya problem Bibliography for Chapter 11 Historical notes Bibliography.
Effects of L-lysine and L-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of various concentrations of L-lysine and L-arginine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1). SAMPLE POPULATION Cultured Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and FHV-1 strain 727. PROCEDURE Uninfected CRFK cells or CRFK cells infected with FHV-1 were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or in 1 of 7 test media containing various concentrations of lysine and arginine. Viral titer and CRFK growth rate were assessed in each medium. RESULTS Media depleted of arginine almost completely inhibited viral replication, whereas 2.5 or 5.0 microg of arginine/ml of media was associated with a significant increase in FHV-1 replication. In media with 2.5 microg of arginine/ml, supplementation with 200 or 300 microg of lysine/ml reduced viral replication by 34.2 and 53.9%, respectively. This effect was not seen in media containing 5.0 microg of arginine/ml. Growth rates of CRFK cells also were suppressed in media containing these concentrations of amino acids, but they were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Arginine exerts a substantial growth-promoting effect on FHV-1. Supplementation of viral culture medium with lysine attenuates this growth-promoting effect in media containing low concentrations of arginine. Analysis of data from this study indicates that high concentrations of lysine reduce in vitro replication of FHV-1 but only in media containing low concentrations of arginine. Clinical trials will be necessary to determine whether supplemental administration of lysine, with or without arginine restriction, will be useful in the management of cats with FHV-1 infections.
A Web-Based Psychoeducational Intervention Program for Depression and Anxiety in an Adult Community in Selangor, Malaysia: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Mental disorders are a major public health problem and are debilitating in many nations throughout the world. Many individuals either do not or are not able to access treatment. The Internet can be a medium to convey to the community accessible evidenced-based interventions to reduce these burdens. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of 4 weeks of a Web-based psychoeducational intervention program for depressive and anxiety symptoms in the community of Selangor, Malaysia. Methods A two-arm randomized controlled trial of a single-blind study will be conducted to meet the objective of this study. We aim to recruit 84 participants each for the intervention and control groups. The recruitment will be from participants who participated in the first phase of this research. The primary outcomes of this study are depressive and anxiety scores, which will be assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, respectively. The secondary outcome includes mental health literacy of the participants, which will be assessed using the self-developed and adapted Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire. The psychoeducational intervention program consists of four sessions, which will be accessed each week. The depressive and anxiety symptoms will be compared between participants who participated in the psychoeducational program compared with the control group. Depressive and anxiety scores and mental health literacy will be assessed at week 1 and at follow-ups at week 5 and week 12, respectively. Results The psychoeducational intervention program consists of four sessions, which will be accessed at each week. The depressive and anxiety symptoms will be compared between the intervention and control groups using a series of mixed ANOVAs. Depressive and anxiety scores and mental health literacy will be assessed at week 1 and at two follow-ups at week 5 and week 12, respectively. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study will be the first randomized controlled trial of a Web-based psychoeducational intervention program for depression and anxiety in an adult community in Malaysia. The results from this study will determine the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention program in the management of depression and anxiety among adults in the community. If proven to be effective, the intervention can serve as a new modality to manage and reduce the burden of these disorders in the community. ClinicalTrial International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 39656144; http://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN39656144 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hSVhV71K)
Parameter Estimation for Locally Linear FM Signals Using a Time-Frequency Hough Transform

An estimator for the phase parameters of mono- and multicomponent FM signals, with both good numerical properties and statistical performance is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the Hough transform of the pseudo-Wigner-Ville time-frequency distribution (PWVD). It is shown that the numerical properties of the estimator can be improved by varying the PWVD window length. The effect of the window time extent on the statistical performance of the estimator is delineated. Experimental data is used for validation of the statistical properties.
Reporting standards for studies of diagnostic test accuracy in dementia

Objective: To provide guidance on standards for reporting studies of diagnostic test accuracy for dementia disorders. Methods: An international consensus process on reporting standards in dementia and cognitive impairment (STARDdem) was established, focusing on studies presenting data from which sensitivity and specificity were reported or could be derived. A working group led the initiative through 4 rounds of consensus work, using a modified Delphi process and culminating in a face-to-face consensus meeting in October 2012. The aim of this process was to agree on how best to supplement the generic standards of the STARD statement to enhance their utility and encourage their use in dementia research. Results: More than 200 comments were received during the wider consultation rounds. The areas at most risk of inadequate reporting were identified and a set of dementia-specific recommendations to supplement the STARD guidance were developed, including better reporting of patient selection, the reference standard used, avoidance of circularity, and reporting of test-retest reliability. Conclusion: STARDdem is an implementation of the STARD statement in which the original checklist is elaborated and supplemented with guidance pertinent to studies of cognitive disorders. Its adoption is expected to increase transparency, enable more effective evaluation of diagnostic tests in Alzheimer disease and dementia, contribute to greater adherence to methodologic standards, and advance the development of Alzheimer biomarkers.
Mining heritage and tourism: a global synthesis

economic development through tourism dollars, a subject highlighted in many of the case studies. Michael T. Bertrand’s coverage of the development of the Elvis Presley birthplace site in Tupelo, Mississippi is one such example, even when some locals did not see much cultural value in Elvis’s story. Similarly, developers at Somerset Place State Historic Site in North Carolina erased the latter years of the site’s development, prioritizing the more attractive antebellum era that would draw more tourism dollars, rather than the post-Civil War failure of the plantation economy, which would be represented by deteriorating plantation structures. In the end, this collection raises a host of interesting issues about the representation of history in the present. The commemoration of Jesse Owens’s birthplace in Alabama and its relationship to local politics, even controversial Alabama governor George Wallace’s atonement, is just one example among many. The book’s weakness is that several of the authors struggle with attempts to balance historical developments with more contemporary issues in a clear way. This can make some of the chapter narratives a bit difficult to follow, but by no means compromises the overall contributions of this work. This book’s greatest strength is that the authors show a shift from tourism developers and promoters historical attempts to privilege what is attractive, to vacationing audiences, to more complicated narratives catalyzed by resistance and agency from underrepresented groups, potential tourism dollars, and movements in more inclusive social histories. Although these shifts are muddled, evident in Andrew K. Frank’s documentation of historical constructions and revisions of Florida Seminole cultures, they produce processes which help to promote better and more holistic understandings of southern histories.
Visual Interfaces for Improved Mobile Search

The Mobile Web promises a new age of anytime, anywhere information access to billions of users across the globe. However, the Mobile Internet represents a challenging information access environment, particularly from a search standpoint. In this paper we present two visual interfaces for improved mobile search. First, we present SearchBrowser, a map-based interface that offers richer end-user interactions by taking into account important mobile contexts including location and time. Second, we consider the social context of mobile search and present SocialSearchBrowser; a proofof-concept interface that incorporates social networking capabilities to improve the search and information discovery experience of mobile subscribers.
TIMELESS‐dependent positive and negative autoregulation in the Drosophila circadian clock

The timeless protein (TIM) is a central component of the circadian pacemaker machinery of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Both TIM and its partner protein, the period protein PER, show robust circadian oscillations in mRNA and protein levels. Yet the role of TIM in the rhythm generation mechanism is largely unknown. To analyze TIM function, we constructed transgenic flies that carry a heat shock‐inducible copy of the timeless gene (tim) in an arrhythmic tim loss‐of‐function genetic background. When heat shocked, TIM levels in these flies rapidly increased and initiated a molecular cycle of PER accumulation and processing with dynamics very similar to the PER cycle observed in wild‐type flies. Analysis of period (per) mRNA levels and transcription uncovered a novel role for TIM in clock regulation: TIM increases per mRNA levels through a post‐transcriptional mechanism. Our results suggest positive as well as negative autoregulation in the Drosophila circadian clock.
Lichen striatus with onychodystrophy in an infant

Lichen striatus with nail involvement is rare and is often unnoticed. Nail changes are often nonspecific but they are usually localized to one portion of the nail. Also single nail involvement and presence of skin lesions near the nail are often noticed. We report the case of an infant with lichen striatus and nail involvement.
The relationships between perceived parenting style, learning motivation, friendship satisfaction, and the addictive use of smartphones with elementary school students of South Korea: Using multivariate latent growth modeling

We examined how perceived parenting style, friendship satisfaction, and academic motivation influence the addictive use of smartphones longitudinally. We utilized the panel data (from 2010–2012) of Korean children and youth panel survey of the National Youth Policy Institute. Data were collected from 2,376 individuals in the first year (boys: 1,241, girls: 1,135), 2264 individuals in the second year (boys: 1,180, girls: 1,084), and 2,218 individuals in the third year (boys: 1,167, girls: 1,051). Results of the multivariate latent growth modeling indicated that higher democratic parenting (warmth, supervisory, and rational explanation) was related to lower addictive use of smartphones. And, the more perceived democratic parenting was high, the more academic motivation and friendship satisfaction were high. Also, friendship satisfaction and academic motivation negatively influenced the addictive use of smartphones; the more friendship satisfaction and academic motivation increased rapidly over time, the more the addictive use of smartphones decreased over time. These results imply that affective and supervisory parenting can positively impact peer relationship and learning motivation, and the satisfaction of peer relationship and academic motivation can be protective factors for the addictive use of smartphones.
Comparison of colorimetric, fluorescent, and enzymatic amplification substrate systems in an enzyme immunoassay for detection of DNA-RNA hybrids

The monoclonal antibody solution hybridization assay is a novel enzyme immunoassay for detection of RNA with a biotinylated DNA probe. To increase the sensitivity of this test, a fluorescent substrate and an enzymatic amplification cycling system were compared with a conventional colorigenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase. The fluorescent, cycling, and colorigenic substrates detected, respectively, 10, 10, and 100 amol of unbound alkaline phosphatase in 2 h. With a prolonged incubation period of 16.6 h, the conventional substrate measured 10 amol of the enzyme. In the immunoassay for RNA detection, the fluorescence and cycling assays were faster than that using the colorigenic substrate and reached an endpoint sensitivity of 3.2 pg/ml (0.16 pg per assay) of cRNA. However, longer incubation periods (16.6 h) for optimal generation of the colorigenic product led to a comparable level of sensitivity for the conventional substrate.