Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity for Families of Rural Preschoolers Participating in a Motor Skill Program

While schools provide one opportunity to encourage physical activity, caregivers play an exceedingly important role in creating an environment conducive to preschool children’s physical activity. Yet, little is known regarding the perceptions of caregivers, important choice agents for young children’s physical activity behavior after participating in a motor skill program. The purpose of this study was to examine caregivers’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to children’s physical activity at home among rural, low-income families who participated in a school-based early childhood physical activity program, SKIPping with PALS, designed to increase physical activity and improve motor development. Eleven caregivers consented to participate in a semi-structured interview regarding their perceptions of physical activity and their experience after six months of participation in the program. An inductive, naturalistic evaluation approach was utilized for qualitative data analysis, following the six recursive phases of thematic analysis. A review of the interview transcripts revealed that all caregivers valued physical activity and encouraged their children to be active. Four major facilitators, four major barriers, and an overarching theme of parental support for childhood physical activity were identified. These factors are largely circumstantial and attitudinal and, thus, are difficult to modify but are important to be cognizant of when designing interventions.
Treatments for improving tree growth, yield and fruit quality and for reducing double fruit and deep suture incidence in “Desert red” peach trees

In Egypt, peach crop presents an important economic value and exporting potential. According to (FAO, 2013) the area cultivated with peach in Egypt is 59960.72 feddans in which produced 281 814 tons/year. Peach gained its economic importance from these early and mid-season low chilling cultivars which introduced in last several years, mainly from the U.S.A by the Agriculture Development system (Shaltout, 1995). From these cultivars, the Desert red cultivar which is considered an early and low chilling one; it matures at third week of May under Egyptian conditions. It exhibited a high adaptation with the local environmental conditions. Desert red peach tree cultivar suffers from some problems such as ; a-low fruit quality because of producing a large number of fruits that can set more than that is required to get commercial yield and thereby there is a negative impact on fruit size, and other fruit characteristics remain mediocre, particularly the chemical characteristics of fruits such as sugar concentration and acidity unless dormant pruning and fruit thinning were done, and b-doubles and deep sutures which recognized as physiological disorders related to water stress either resulting from drought or deficit irrigation especially during bud differentiation after harvest in the previous season (Kader 2002). These disorders render fruits unmarketable, however double fruits can be separated by hand thinning and sorting, deep sutures are intractable to expose on small fruitlets (Handley and Johnson, 2000). There are certain factors that may influence of on chemical and physical fruit quality and fruit growth like light distribution in peach tree canopy and competition between fruits. (Chartzoulakis et al., 1993). Using pruning for peach tree is important for light penetration and modifying the number of shoots bearing fruit within tree canopy which have a great effect on fruit growth and quality (Marini and Sowers, 1994). So, it can obtain fruits with higher fruit quality by increasing flux of light shined to the fruit (Shiukhy et al., 2014). Also light penetration is important to the maintenance of high quality fruit wood and development of flower buds (Erez and Flore, 1986). We can overcome the adverse effects of high crop load (as small fruit size and poor quality, breakage of limbs, exhaustion of tree reserves, and reduced cold hardiness) by fruit thinning(Meitei et al., 2013). Fruit thinning is fundamental, horticultural practices for improving quality in terms of fruit size, increasing sugar concentration and reduction acidity fruit colour, shape, maximizing crop value, maintaining tree growth and structure (Byers et al., 2003) and for removing double fruits(Handley and Johnson 2000). Other advantages of this technique are well known viz. Treatments for improving tree growth, yield and fruit quality and for reducing double fruit and deep suture incidence in “Desert red” peach trees
Evaluation of the Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index--revised: research tool or clinical tool?

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) is a central outcome measure in caring for seriously ill patients. The Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI) is a 25-item patient-centered index that weights each of five QOL dimensions (symptoms, function, interpersonal, wellbeing, transcendence) by its importance to the respondent. The measure has been used to assess QOL for hospice patients, and has been found to be somewhat complex to use and analyze. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to simplify the measure, and evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised version as either a research or clinical tool (i.e., "psychometric" versus "clinimetric"). DESIGN Two data collection efforts are described. The psychometric study collected QOL data from 175 patients at baseline, 3-5 days, and 21 days later. The implementation study evaluated the feasibility and utility of the MVQOLI-R during over six weeks of use. SETTING/SUBJECTS End-stage renal patients on dialysis, hospice, or long-term care patients participated in the psychometric study. The implementation study was done in hospice, home health, and palliative care settings. MEASUREMENTS The MVQOLI-R and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. RESULTS The psychometric and implementation studies suggest that the MVQOLI-R performs well as a clinical tool but is not powerful as an outcome research instrument. The MVQOLI-R has the heterogeneous structure of clinimetric tools, and demonstrated both relevance and responsiveness. Additionally, in a clinical setting the MVQOLI-R was useful therapeutically for stimulating communication about the psychosocial and spiritual issues important to the tasks of life completion and life closure. CONCLUSIONS The MVQOLI-R has clinical utility as a patient QOL assessment tool and may have therapeutic utility as a tool for fostering discussion among patients and their clinicians, as well as for helping patients identify sources of suffering and opportunities during this time in their lives.
Photodissociative Regulation of Star Formation in Metal-free Pregalactic Clouds

We study the H2 photodissociation regions around OB stars in primordial gas clouds whose virial temperatures are between a few hundred and a few thousand Kelvin. In such small objects, a single O star can photodissociate a mass equal to that of the cloud itself. As a result, the clouds deplete their molecular coolant and cannot cool in a free-fall time, and subsequent star formation is totally quenched. This indicates that stars do not form efficiently in small objects and that these objects contribute little to the reionization of the universe.
Comparison of Essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. from Fresh and Dry Aerial Parts by Hydro-distillation and Steam Distillation

The use of natural products as medicinal agents presumably predates the earliest recorded history. Ocimum sanctum L. , is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases. In this study aerial parts of Ocimum sanctum were collected on august 2014 from Shahr-e-Rey in Iran. Fresh and dry partsof plants essential oils were extracted with hydro-distillation and steam distillation and then essential oils injected to GC/MS. Main component for dried leaves and flower with hydro-distillation method were chavicol (75.66%), linalool (6.69%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (2.84%) and 0.18% yield and for dry flower were chavicol (38.2%), linalool (32.8%), 10-epi-cubebul (3.89%) and 0.28% yield. Main component with steam distillation method for dry leaves were chavicol (60.95%), linalool (4.38%), E-β-farnsene (3.8%) and 0.21% yield. Main component of steam distilation for dry flower were chavicol (31.4%), linalool (24.7%), (E, E)-farnesole (20.8%), and 0.37% yield. Main component for fresh and dried leaves with hydro-distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (75.66%), linalool (6.69%), cis-sabinene hydrate (2.84%), and 0.20% yield. Main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (27.64%), spathulenol (13.92%), β-eudesmol (11.5%), and 0.18% yield. Main component for steam distillation method with dry leaves were chavicol (60.95%), linalool (4.38%), E-β-farnsene (3.8%) and 0.23% yield. Main component with fresh leaves were methyl chavicol (38.96%), linalool (12.19%), spathulenol (6.73%), and 0.21% yield. Main component for fresh and dry flower with hydro-distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (38.2%), linalool (32.80%), α-cadinene (4.08%), and 0.25% yield. Main component for fresh flower were methyl chavicol (26.99%), linalool (17.98%), β-eudesmol (13.12%), and 0.28% yield. Main component for steam distillation method with dry flower were chavicol (31.44%), linalool (24.70%), α-cadinene (5.28%), and 0.35% yield. Main component with fresh flower were chavicol (25.2%), linalool (17.99%), germacrene D (6.87%), and 0.37% yield. Chavicol is used as an odorant in perfumery and it is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Laterality enhances numerical skills in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata

It has been hypothesized that cerebral lateralization can significantly enhance cognition and that this was one of the primary selective forces shaping its wide-spread evolution amongst vertebrate taxa. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining the link between cerebral lateralization and numerical discrimination. Guppies, Poecilia reticulata, were sorted into left, right and non-lateralized groups using a standard mirror test and their numerical discrimination abilities tested in both natural shoal choice and abstract contexts. Our results show that strongly lateralized guppies have enhanced numerical abilities compared to non-lateralized guppies irrespective of context. These data provide further credence to the notion that cerebral lateralization can enhance cognitive efficiency.
Duration of Diabetes and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Northern Manhattan Study

Background and Purpose— Diabetes increases stroke risk, but whether diabetes status immediately before stroke improves prediction and whether duration is important are less clear. We hypothesized that diabetes duration independently predicts ischemic stroke. Methods— Among 3298 stroke-free participants in the Northern Manhattan Study, baseline diabetes and age at diagnosis were determined. Incident diabetes was assessed annually (median, 9 years). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for incident ischemic stroke using baseline diabetes, diabetes as a time-dependent covariate, and duration of diabetes as a time-varying covariate; models were adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results— Mean age was 69±10 years (52% Hispanic, 21% white, and 24% black); 22% had diabetes at baseline and 10% had development of diabetes. There were 244 ischemic strokes, and both baseline diabetes (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9–3.3) and diabetes considered as a time-dependent covariate (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8–3.2) were similarly associated with stroke risk. Duration of diabetes was associated with ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 1.03 per year with diabetes; 95% CI, 1.02–1.04). Compared to nondiabetic participants, those with diabetes for 0 to 5 years (adjusted HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7), 5 to 10 years (adjusted HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0), and ≥10 years (adjusted HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.4–4.5) were at increased risk. Conclusions— Duration of diabetes is independently associated with ischemic stroke risk adjusting for risk factors. The risk increases 3% each year, and triples with diabetes ≥10 years.
False-Positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cultures in 44 Laboratories in The Netherlands (1993 to 2000): Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences

ABSTRACT False-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures are a benchmark for the quality of laboratory processes and patient care. We studied the incidence of false-positive cultures, risk factors, and consequences for patients during the period from 1993 to 2000 in 44 peripheral laboratories in The Netherlands. The national reference laboratory tested 8,889 M. tuberculosis isolates submitted by these laboratories. By definition, a culture was false positive (i) if the DNA fingerprint of the isolate was identical to that of an isolate from another patient processed within 7 days in the same laboratory, (ii) if the isolate was taken from a patient without clinical signs of tuberculosis, and/or (iii) if the false-positive test result was confirmed by the peripheral laboratory and/or the public health tuberculosis officer. We identified 213 false-positive cultures (2.4%). The overall incidence of false-positive cultures decreased over the years, from 3.9% in 1993 to 1.1% in 2000. Laboratories with false-positive cultures more often processed less than 3,000 samples per year (P < 0.05). Among 110 patients for whom a false-positive culture was identified from 1995 to 1999, we found that for 36% of the patients an official tuberculosis notification had been provided to the appropriate public health services, 31% of the patients were treated, 14% of the patients were hospitalized, and a contact investigation had been initiated for 16% of the patients. The application of DNA fingerprinting to identify false-positive M. tuberculosis cultures and the provision of feedback to peripheral laboratories are useful instruments to improve the quality of laboratory processes and the quality of medical care.
Activation of blood coagulation in cancer: Trousseau's syndrome revisited.

On a passe en revue les diverses indications cliniques, histologiques, pharmacologiques et physiopathologiques confirmant l'existence d'une relation etroite entre les anomalies de la coagulation du sang et la biologie du cancer. Il apparait clair que les cellules cancereuses peuvent exercer une influence profonde sur la fonction d'hemostase et, inversement, que les reactions de la coagulation du sang peuvent influencer l'homeostase des tumeurs
Manifestation of Dark Personality Behavior: Indigenous Study on Indonesian Workers

Machiavellianism is one of the traits incorporated in the dark triad personality. The portrayal of individuals with Machiavellianism is manipulative, prioritizing personal interests, to look down on others. Studies on the manifestations of Machiavellianism personality behavior in Indonesia have never been conducted, information about it is widely obtained from studies that take a sample of populations in countries that grow up in individualist cultures. While Indonesia itself is a country that grows in a collective culture with the habits of its people tend to depend on each other and prioritize their groups. Thus, the form of manifestation of Machiavellianism behavior in collective culture is thought to appear in line with collective values. This study aims to determine the manifestations of dark personality behavior of machiavellianism in Indonesian workers with a collective cultural background. In this study using an indigenous psychology approach with a quantitative descriptive research design. The application of quota sampling technique was used involving 760 respondents. The data collection tool used is a research instrument created by researchers and then analysis is carried out using percentage descriptive techniques and categorization. In this study, results were obtained such as: (1) positive and negative behavior of machiavellianism individuals in the work environment divided into self, interpersonal relationships, and performance; (2) the impact on personal and work relationships when dealing with Machiavellianism individuals in the work environment is divided into positive, negative, and neutral categories; (3) the least favorable behavior of Machiavellianism individuals in the work environment that gets the highest percentage is manipulative; and (4) how to deal with individual Machiavellianism in the work environment is divided into the categories of proactive, avoidant, learning, and managing emotions.
L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Mediate NMDA-Independent Associative Long-Term Potentiation at Thalamic Input Synapses to the Amygdala

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the amygdala is a leading candidate mechanism to explain fear conditioning, a prominent model of emotional memory. LTP occurs in the pathway from the auditory thalamus to the lateral amygdala, and during fear conditioning LTP-like changes occur in the synapses of this pathway. Nevertheless, LTP has not been investigated in the thalamoamygdala pathway using in vitro recordings; hence little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We therefore examined thalamoamygdala LTP in vitro using visualized whole-cell patch recording. LTP at these synapses was dependent on postsynaptic calcium entry, similar to synaptic plasticity in other regions of the brain. However, unlike many forms of synaptic plasticity, thalamoamygdala LTP was independent of NMDA receptors, despite their presence at these synapses, and instead was dependent on L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. This was true when LTP was induced by pairing presynaptic activity with either action potentials or constant depolarization in the postsynaptic cell. In addition, the LTP was associative, in that it required concurrent pre- and postsynaptic activity, and it was synapse specific. Thus, although this LTP is different from that described at other synapses in the brain, it is nonetheless well suited to mediate classical fear conditioning.
Human African trypanosomiasis: quantitative and qualitative assessment of intrathecal immune response

Quantitative and qualitative techniques for assessment of the intrathecal humoral immune response in human African trypanosomiasis were compared, and their diagnostic potential for detection of the meningo‐encephalitic stage of the disease was evaluated. Total and trypanosome specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM intrathecal synthesis were studied in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples of 38 trypanosomiasis patients and in three controls using Reiber's formulae. The presence of CSF‐specific oligoclonal IgG and of trypanosome‐specific antibodies was determined using iso‐electric focusing followed by immunoblotting and antigen‐driven immunoblots. The intrathecal IgG fraction (16% positive) and oligoclonal IgG detection (24% positive) were insensitive for detection of an intrathecal humoral immune response. Trypanosome‐specific IgG synthesis, reflected by the IgG antibody index (AI) (26% positive), was confirmed by the presence of oligoclonal specific IgG (47% positive), but the latter was more sensitive. Although the detection technique failed for oligoclonal IgM, the intrathecal IgM fraction (42% positive) and the IgM AI (32% positive) indicated that the meningo‐encephalitic stage of the disease is characterized by a dominant intrathecal IgM response, which was higher than the IgG response. The highest combination of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the meningo‐encephalitic stage of trypanosomiasis was observed for quantitative IgM determinations.
Histogram analysis of quantitative T1 and MT maps from ultrahigh field MRI in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

This study used quantitative MRI to study normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This was done at ultrahigh field (7 T) for greater spatial resolution and sensitivity. 17 CIS patients, 11 RRMS patients, and 20 age‐matched healthy controls were recruited. They were scanned using a 3D inversion recovery turbo field echo sequence to measure the longitudinal relaxation time (T1). A 3D magnetization transfer prepared turbo field echo (MT‐TFE) sequence was also acquired, first without a presaturation pulse and then with the MT presaturation pulse applied at −1.05 kHz and +1.05 kHz off resonance from water to produce two magnetization transfer ratio maps (MTR(−) and MTR(+)). Histogram analysis was performed on the signal from the voxels in the NAWM mask. The upper quartile cut‐off of the T1 histogram was significantly higher in RRMS patients than in controls (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in CIS. In contrast, MTR was significantly different between CIS or RRMS patients and controls (p < 0.05) for most histogram measures considered. The difference between MTR(+) and MTR(−) signals showed that NOE contributions dominated the changes found. There was a weak negative correlation (r = −0.46, p < 0.05) between the mode of T1 distributions and healthy controls' age; this was not significant for MTR(+) (r = −0.34, p > 0.05) or MTR(−) (r = 0.13, p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the median of T1, MTR(−), or MTR(+) and the age of healthy controls. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between EDSS or disease duration and T1, MTR(−), or MTR(+) for either CIS or RRMS patients. In conclusion, MTR was found to be more sensitive to early changes in MS disease than T1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annotation of Protein Domains Reveals Remarkable Conservation in the Functional Make up of Proteomes Across Superkingdoms

The functional repertoire of a cell is largely embodied in its proteome, the collection of proteins encoded in the genome of an organism. The molecular functions of proteins are the direct consequence of their structure and structure can be inferred from sequence using hidden Markov models of structural recognition. Here we analyze the functional annotation of protein domain structures in almost a thousand sequenced genomes, exploring the functional and structural diversity of proteomes. We find there is a remarkable conservation in the distribution of domains with respect to the molecular functions they perform in the three superkingdoms of life. In general, most of the protein repertoire is spent in functions related to metabolic processes but there are significant differences in the usage of domains for regulatory and extra-cellular processes both within and between superkingdoms. Our results support the hypotheses that the proteomes of superkingdom Eukarya evolved via genome expansion mechanisms that were directed towards innovating new domain architectures for regulatory and extra/intracellular process functions needed for example to maintain the integrity of multicellular structure or to interact with environmental biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., cell signaling and adhesion, immune responses, and toxin production). Proteomes of microbial superkingdoms Archaea and Bacteria retained fewer numbers of domains and maintained simple and smaller protein repertoires. Viruses appear to play an important role in the evolution of superkingdoms. We finally identify few genomic outliers that deviate significantly from the conserved functional design. These include Nanoarchaeum equitans, proteobacterial symbionts of insects with extremely reduced genomes, Tenericutes and Guillardia theta. These organisms spend most of their domains on information functions, including translation and transcription, rather than on metabolism and harbor a domain repertoire characteristic of parasitic organisms. In contrast, the functional repertoire of the proteomes of the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae superphylum was no different than the rest of bacteria, failing to support claims of them representing a separate superkingdom. In turn, Protista and Bacteria shared similar functional distribution patterns suggesting an ancestral evolutionary link between these groups.