Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Do Children Dislike Ingroup Members? Resource Allocation from Individual and Group Perspectives

Do children like ingroup members who challenge group norms about resource allocation? Further, do children evaluate from their own individual perspective? Participants (N = 381), aged 9.5 and 13.5 years, evaluated members of their own group who deviated from group norms about resource allocation by either: (1) advocating for equal allocation in contrast to the group norm of inequality; or (2) advocating for inequality when the group norm was to divide equally. With age, participants differentiated their own individual favorability from the group's favorability of deviant members of the ingroup. Further, when deciding between group loyalty and equal allocation, children and adolescents gave priority to equality, rejecting group decisions to dislike ingroup members who advocated for equality.
Health disparities in receipt of screening mammography in Latinas: a critical review of recent literature.

BACKGROUND Increased use of screening mammography is associated with lower death rates from breast cancer in the United States. Despite recommendations that women over 40 years of age should obtain regular screening mammography at least every 2 years, many women do not adhere to these guidelines. Historically, women from underserved and minority populations have been less likely to receive screening mammography. METHODS A critical review of recent research literature was conducted to evaluate whether Latinas are less likely to receive screening mammography, determine whether disparities in screening mammography persist when controlling for other variables, and examine what other variables are associated with screening mammography. The articles were obtained from a search of the PubMed database. RESULTS Fifteen published articles met the inclusion criteria and were critically reviewed. The unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the association between Hispanic ethnicity and screening mammography ranged from 0.40 to 0.93. For the most part, the ORs adjusted for other variables in multiple logistic regression analyses increased (range: 0.3 to 1.67). Age, education, income, health insurance, having a usual source of care, and having a recent visit to a physician were consistently related to screening mammography in multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Hispanic ethnicity is a risk factor for lack of adherence to screening mammography. However, other demographic, socioeconomic, and health system variables account for some of the disparity related to Hispanic ethnicity.
Understanding and modifying the impact of parents’ substance misuse on children

We outline the huge literature on the potentially negative impact on children of growing up with a parent who has an alcohol or drug problem, the risk factors that can exacerbate this effect, and resilience and the protective factors that can reduce it. Clear ways that practitioners can intervene to reduce risk and to increase resilience are discussed. All practitioners have a responsibility to work in holistic ways if damage to children and families is to be avoided, and we summarise the key common skills needed to work with individuals (children as well as adults) and families. The differences between a resilience and a deficit approach are outlined.
Representing climate change in museum space and places

Museums and science centers hold a unique position in the media and political landscape as trusted information sources and are emerging as key players in climate change debates. The modes of engagement with audiences, visitors, and publics allow museums to provide sensorial and affective experiences though the agency of objects and immersive environments, which facilitate an active role on the part of audiences in cocreating narratives around climate change. This article draws on the research findings of an Australian Research Council Linkage project, Hot Science, Global Citizens: the agency of the museum sector in climate change interventions. Hot Science was an international, interdisciplinary project that interrogated the roles of museums and science centers in climate change as places to provide information, activate and broker discussions, and decisions around climate change issues, locally and transnationally. We put forward nine propositions, distilled from the project research findings and the sector‐wide views presented during a symposium held in 2011. We use these propositions to look critically at the ways in which climate change challenges the established concepts and practices of museums and science centers as places of influence, relevance, and certainty in an uncertain world. This includes, for example, the way science is produced, represented, and communicated. Recognizing the complexity and multiscalar nature of climate change entails building more effective responses that translate into action. The big task of the museum sector is not only to inform publics on the science of climate change but also to equip citizens with tactical knowledges that enable participation in actions and debates on climate change that affect their futures. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:9–21. doi: 10.1002/wcc.200
Emotions in Management and the Management of Emotions: The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Politics on Public Sector Employees

Readers are invited to a rendezvous with the meaning of the heart and emotions in public administration. Despite the growing interest in recent years in emotional intelligence within the managerial literature, too little has been written about emotional intelligence within the public sector. This is surprising in light of New Public Management voices that stress flexibility, responsiveness, and a focus on the needs and demands of citizens. The functionality of the heart in a mind-oriented bureaucracy is analyzed, and a model is suggested for exploring the relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational politics, and employees' performance in public agencies. This model is empirically tested in two Israeli municipalities. The results support a moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between organizational politics and emotional commitment, as well as between organizational politics and employees' absenteeism. Other direct mediating effects of political perceptions and skills are noted. Implications for theory development, future empirical studies, as well as practical recommendations are suggested.
Swarm Coordination Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Technique

The focus of this study is on the design of feedback control laws for swarms of robots that are based on models from fluid dynamics. We apply an incompressible fluid model to solve a pattern generation task. Possible applications of an efficient solution to this task are surveillance and the cordoning off of hazardous areas. More specifically, we use the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique to devise decentralized controllers that force the robots to behave in a similar manner to fluid particles. Our approach deals with static and dynamic obstacles. Considerations such as finite size and nonholonomic constraints are also addressed. In the absence of obstacles, we prove the stability and convergence of controllers that are based on the SPH method. Computer simulations and actual robot experiments are shown to validate the proposed approach.
Mending Fences: How Heterosexual Married Individuals Perceive Breaks in their Connection to their Spouses and How Couples Repair Them

Mending Fences: How Heterosexual Married Individuals Perceive Breaks in Their Connection to Their Spouses, and How Couples Repair Them Jane B. Abrams Jeffrey Applegate, Ph.D., Supervisor Family life in the United States is in a state of flux. Half of all marriages are ending in divorce, more couples are cohabiting and more children are being born to cohabiting and single mothers. While the meaning of marriage as an institution is shifting, most young people in the U.S. still want to marry and they marry in search of companionship and lasting love. The field of marital therapy is in a state of flux as well. Existing theories of adult intimate relationships provide incomplete explanations of the role of conflict in marital satisfaction and longevity. Empirical studies have failed to identify any one particular set of interventions that are more effective than others in helping couples repair the breaks in their connection. This qualitative study was intended to add to the knowledge base concerning the meaning of conflict in modern heterosexual marriages and the ways in which couples resolve their disagreements. A semi-structured interview, lasting approximately one hour, was conducted with 22 subjects who have been married between 7 and 10 years. Findings included four types of repair achieved by the subjects and their spouses and the identification of relational elements that appear to comprise relational resilience. Implications for theory, practice and social work education are discussed. Limitations included the small size and homogeneity of the study sample. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Social Work (DSW) First Advisor Jeffrey Applegate Second Advisor Ram A. Cnaan Third Advisor Richard A. Mackey This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations_sp2/9
College Student Persistence: A Multilevel Analysis of Distance Learning Course Completion at the Crossroads of Disability Status

With over 15 million students enrolling in institutes of higher education, it is critical to understand the factors that lead to course completion and graduation. This becomes especially important when considering students with disabilities, as this is historically a vulnerable population. Modern technology and online classes may be one way to meet these needs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether course completion rates differ when taking online versus traditional courses, among students with and without disabilities. The participants of the study were a purposive sample of 3,488 undergraduate and graduate students, from a comprehensive, midsized, Historically Black College located on east coast of the United States. Hierarchical general linear modeling was used to determine whether disability status and course delivery format were related to completion, while controlling for student-level and course-level variables. The results show that students were significantly less likely to complete online courses after controlling for individual level (e.g., gender, cumulative GPA, and previous course credit hours) and class level covariates. Yet, students with disabilities were just as likely as peers without disabilities to complete courses, and the cross-level interaction between disability status and delivery format was not statistically significant (i.e., course completion differences over delivery format does not statistically significantly differ over student disability status). The results have important implications for college students with disabilities.
Differences between ROTC and Non-ROTC Students in Perception of Self, others, and Cadets

The purpose was to determine significant differences among the perceptions of ROTC cadets and non-ROTC students. 35 ROTC and 35 non-ROTC subjects completed a 20-item semantic differential for each of the following: self, students in general, and ROTC cadets (or if the subject was a cadet, how non-ROTC students would rate cadets). A 2 × 35 × 3 analysis of variance was performed for each item. ROTC cadets displayed a somewhat generalized negative response set. On 13 of the items cadets displayed differential perceptions of themselves and others. These perceptions may be characterized by inflated ratings of self on aggressive, reputable, honorable, and patriotic and a deflated view of other students' ratings of ROTC cadets on intelligent, cooperative, honest, successful, and sane
Social Contagion in New Product Trial and Repeat

The notion of peer influence in new product adoption or trial is well accepted. We propose that peer influence may affect repeat behavior as well, though the process and source of influence are likely to differ between trial and repeat. Our analysis of the acceptance of a risky prescription drug by physicians provides three novel findings. First, there is evidence of contagion not only in trial but also in repeat. Second, who is most influential varies across stages. Physicians with high centrality in the discussion and referral network and with high prescription volume are influential in trial but not repeat. In contrast, immediate colleagues, few of whom are nominated as a discussion or referral partner, are influential in both trial and repeat. Third, who is most influenceable also varies across stages. For trial, it is physicians who do not consider themselves to be opinion leaders, whereas for repeat, it is those located towards the middle of the status distribution as measured by network centrality. The pattern of results is consistent with informational social influence reducing risk in trial and normative social influence increasing conformity in repeat.
Men of Steel?: The Masculinity of Metal Industry Workers in Finland after World War II

This article examines the masculinity of metal workers in the post-WWII era of reparation and radical societal change in Finland. Young men from agrarian communities took on employment in metal industry jobs in droves after WWII. In this paper, metal workers’ masculinity is explored in three areas: (a) the transitional period when young men took their first steps in the shoes of metal workers; (b) defining the personal territory of work; and (c) the men’s physical capacity to bear their strenuous work. The sources we draw on are the metal workers’ work-life stories and workplace narratives in which they write about their personal experiences of work and their attitude about the trade. According to our analyses, metal workers’ culture was a double-edged sword. Male workers respected the skills, strength, and autonomy of their trade, but the work in itself and the habits and informal norms of the masculine industrial culture were often harmful to their health. Hence, although the masculinity of the post-war industrial era helped these men to overcome daily difficulties and to find collective strength when needed, masculinity was also connected to risk-taking, and even with illnesses and premature death.
‘Walls or Boxes’: The Effects of Professional Identity, Power and Rationality on Strategies for Cross-Functional Integration

Small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognized as drivers of economic growth, yet commonly face low innovation and organizational success due to insufficient cross-functional integration. We pose the simple question: what factors hinder cross-functional integration from occurring? We analyse cross-functional integration at management level by developing the framework of dominant ideological modes of rationality, composing professional identity, power relations and rationalities and through the construct of ‘members’ categorization devices’ (MCDs). The article builds theory from a longitudinal in-depth empirical investigation of ‘everyday’ micro-political processes involved in cross-functional integration by drawing on political and ethnomethodological perspectives. It provides novel findings on the dynamics between power relations and cross-functional integration, the influence of ‘thought worlds’ of different functions involved in the innovation process, and contributes empirical evidence that professional identity produces power relations and rationality. Implications for theory, method and practice are considered.
Outcomes of AngioJet® Thrombectomy in Hemodialysis Vascular Access Grafts and Fistulas: Pearl I Registry

Purpose Results are reported from the PEARL I Registry for procedures where a mid-length AngioJet catheter was used for thrombosed hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts and fistulae. Methods The PEARL I Registry was a prospective, multicenter, observational database collecting information on the AngioJet procedures for a variety of thrombotic conditions. Patient demographics, procedural information, outcome data, and safety information were collected through 3 months postprocedure on AngioJet procedures. This paper describes the data collected for subjects presenting with hemodialysis access thrombosis. Results A total of 72 (16%) of the 452 subjects enrolled in the PEARL 1 Registry had thrombosed hemodialysis access sites. Procedural success was reported in 66/72 subjects (92%); surgical interventions were required in 6/72 subjects (8%). There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.0001) in vessel occlusion from baseline to final angiography. Eighty-eight percent of access sites were patent at the end of the procedure and 97% of vessels showed improved occlusion status of ≥1 grades. Among prosthetic grafts, 53% (20/38) remained patent at the 3-month follow-up, 18% (7/38) were restenosed, and 29% (11/38) rethrombosed. Among autologous fistulas, 86% (18/21) remained patent without intervention at the 3-month follow-up; 3 fistulas rethrombosed. Four subjects (5%) died; none of the deaths were considered related to the AngioJet device or procedure. Conclusions Outcomes from the PEARL I registry corroborate other studies of AngioJet thrombectomy and the overall literature of endovascular thrombectomy procedures. A high procedural success rates with acceptable near-term patency rates and low rates of adverse events are achieved with AngioJet thrombectomy.
The cerebellar and vestibular nuclear complexes in the turtle. II. Projections to the prosencephalon

Prosencephalic projections from the cerebellar and vestibular nuclear complexes in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans were investigated with anterograde tracing. Following injections of 35S‐methionine at various locations within the cerebellar and vestibular nuclear complexes, labeled ascending fibers were found to arise from the lateral cerebellar and the rostral (superior and/or dorsolateral) vestibular nuclei. The great majority of these fibers coursed within the ipsilateral ascending periventricular tract.
Foucaultand the Subject of Feminism

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle le rejet du sujet des Lumieres chez Foucault ne signifie pas l'abandon de toute problematisation du soi, mais la revendication d'une approche politique et sociale de la subjectivite en tant que pouvoir, qui s'avere compatible avec la conception feministe du soi relationnel propre a l'ethique du souci, d'une part, et avec le projet feministe de marquer la fin de l'oppression des femmes, d'autre part
Le degré d'expertise a-t-il une influence sur la perception olfactive? Quelques éléments de réponse dans le domaine du vin

We compare the olfactive dimensions used by expert and novice wine tasters to describe and categorise a series of 13 red burgundy wines. Verbal and nonverbal approaches have been used in parallel. The verbal approach included a communication task and a description task. Pairs of assessors were asked to match a series of samples based only on verbal exchanges. All the generated terms were recorded and the most frequently used terms served as a basis for the description task. The non-verbal approach included a similarity judgement task. Multivariate analyses have been used to analyse the data. Results show that (1) both groups of subjects were able to perform the communication task reasonably well and to generate a coherent set of descriptors, (2) the two groups of subjects used an equivalent number of dimensions to describe and categorise the wines, and (3) the two groups of subjects used the same dimensions for the non-verbal task, but different dimensions for the verbal task. This dissociation between verbal and non-verbal task suggests that the perceptual representation of wine is similar for the two groups of subjects but that the verbalisation of this representation varies with expertise level. Subjects with a higher level of expertise tend to use analytical terms whereas subjects with a lower level tend to use holistic terms.
Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Tier 2 Reading Instruction for First-Grade Students With a High Probability of Reading Failure

Abstract This research investigated the immediate and long-term effects of a Tier 2 intervention for beginning readers identified as having a high probability of reading failure using a randomized control trial. First-grade participants (n = 123) were randomly assigned either to a 25-session intervention targeting key reading components, including decoding, spelling, word recognition, fluency, and comprehension, or to a no-treatment control condition. Analyses of immediate posttests (end of first grade) indicated significant differences in measures of Decodable Word Fluency (effect size = .40) favoring the intervention group. Within the intervention group, tutor ratings of attention were significantly related to growth in Passage Reading Fluency and Spelling Fluency. Longitudinal assessments (end of second grade) indicated no significant differences by group. Analysis of responder status indicated that students defined as responders maintained gains to the end of second grade.
Adding Functional Behavioral Assessment to First Step to Success

First Step to Success is a manualized early intervention program with documented success in reducing the problem behavior of young children. Walker and colleagues (2005) are now engaged in analyses of variables that will increase the proportion of children for whom First Step is effective. A possible enhancement to the First Step to Success protocol is the use of functional behavioral assessment and individualized, function-based behavior support. The present analysis provides a case study with one 6-year-old student who received First Step to Success. Following the coaching phase of First Step, a reversal design was employed in which function-based features of behavior support were withdrawn and then re-implemented. Analysis of problem behavior and academic engagement data suggests that incorporation of function-based features enhanced the impact of First Step to Success. Implications for modifications of the First Step protocol and future research are provided.
Multimodal resources for turn-taking

The article investigates a multimodal practice for self-selecting observed in a video-taped corpus of work meetings: the use of pointing gestures predicting possible turn completions and projecting the emergence of possible next speakers. This practice is analyzed in various sequential positions, namely at turn beginnings and at pre-beginnings. It displays recipients' practical online turn parsing, and their orientation to transition spaces, and to TCU, completions in a visible, recognizable, public way. It shows the emergent and progressive establishment of speakership, exploiting both systematic features of turn-taking and specific features of the interactional space. The article explores the emic, locally situated and contingent definition of speakership by considering not only where pointing gestures begin but also where they end: pointing does not only end in pre-completion positions, projecting turn end, but can also persist through sequences, showing speaker's orientations to her turn's sequential implicativeness. Thus, by observing a particular multimodal practice within a specific interactional setting, the article explores participants' orientations to the rights and obligations associated with talk-related categories such as `non current speaker', `possible next speaker', `incipient speaker' and `current speaker'.