Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Task-irrelevant direct gaze facilitates visual search for deviant facial expression

The detection of emotional expression is important particularly when the expression is directed towards the viewer. Therefore, we conjectured that the efficiency in visual search for deviant emotional expression is modulated by gaze direction, which is one of the primary clues for encoding the focus of social attention. To examine this hypothesis, two visual search tasks were conducted. In Emotional Face Search, the participants were required to detect an emotional expression amongst distractor faces with neutral expression; in Neutral Face Search they were required to detect a neutral target among emotional distractors. The results revealed that target detection was accelerated when the target face had direct gaze compared to averted gaze for fearful, angry, and neutral targets, but no effect of distractor gaze direction was observed. An additional experiment including multiple display sizes has shown a shallower search slope in search for a target face with direct gaze than that with averted gaze, indicating that the advantage of a target face with direct gaze is attributable to efficient orientation of attention towards target faces. These results indicate that direct gaze facilitates detection of target face in visual scenery even when gaze discrimination is not the primary task at hand.
On the evolution of functional secondary metabolites (natural products)

It is argued that organisms have evolved the ability to biosynthesize secondary metabolites (natural products) because of the selectional advantages they obtain as a result of the functions of the compounds. The clustering together of antibiotic biosynthesis, regulation, and resistance genes implies that these genes have been selected as a group and that the antibiotics function in antagonistic capacities in nature. Pleiotropic switching, the simultaneous expression of sporulation and antibiotic biosynthesis genes, is interpreted in terms of the defence roles of antibiotics. We suggest a general mechanism for the evolution of secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, and argue against the hypothesis that modern antibiotics had prebiotic effector functions, on the basis that it does not account for modern bio‐synthetic pathways.
Insight vs Desensitization in Psychotherapy: An Experiment in Anxiety Reduction.

This experiment is an example of a trend to be anticipated. 1 The author treated the target behavior "performance anxiety manifested in public speaking. " Ninety-six college students, highest of 710 on performance anxiety, composed the studied population. Seventy-four were rated on a checklist of performance anxiety during a test speech, and by a battery of personality and anxiety scales. Twenty-two did not make a test speech, but were studied as "no-contact" controls. After the test speech, subjects were assigned randomly from checklist scores to groups (systematic desensitization, insight-oriented treatment, attention-placebo treatment, a "no-treatment" contacted control, and a "no-contact" control). The subjects were young, middle class, intelligent, disturbed by their problem, strongly motivated. The duration of their performance anxiety was 2 to 20 years. Their anxiety was generally also present in most interpersonal and evaluative settings. The five therapists were experienced, highly regarded in
GLYCOLATE OXIDASE3, a Glycolate Oxidase Homolog of Yeast l-Lactate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase, Supports l-Lactate Oxidation in Roots of Arabidopsis1

A glycolate oxidase metabolizes l-lactate to pyruvate in vivo and may ensure the maintenance of low levels of l-lactate after its formation under normoxia. In roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), l-lactate is generated by the reduction of pyruvate via l-lactate dehydrogenase, but this enzyme does not efficiently catalyze the reverse reaction. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis glycolate oxidase (GOX) paralogs GOX1, GOX2, and GOX3 as putative l-lactate-metabolizing enzymes based on their homology to CYB2, the l-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that GOX3 uses l-lactate with a similar efficiency to glycolate; in contrast, the photorespiratory isoforms GOX1 and GOX2, which share similar enzymatic properties, use glycolate with much higher efficiencies than l-lactate. The key factor making GOX3 more efficient with l-lactate than GOX1 and GOX2 is a 5- to 10-fold lower Km for the substrate. Consequently, only GOX3 can efficiently metabolize l-lactate at low intracellular concentrations. Isotope tracer experiments as well as substrate toxicity tests using GOX3 loss-of-function and overexpressor plants indicate that l-lactate is metabolized in vivo by GOX3. Moreover, GOX3 rescues the lethal growth phenotype of a yeast strain lacking CYB2, which cannot grow on l-lactate as a sole carbon source. GOX3 is predominantly present in roots and mature to aging leaves but is largely absent from young photosynthetic leaves, indicating that it plays a role predominantly in heterotrophic rather than autotrophic tissues, at least under standard growth conditions. In roots of plants grown under normoxic conditions, loss of function of GOX3 induces metabolic rearrangements that mirror wild-type responses under hypoxia. Thus, we identified GOX3 as the enzyme that metabolizes l-lactate to pyruvate in vivo and hypothesize that it may ensure the sustainment of low levels of l-lactate after its formation under normoxia.
The dedicated emergency surgeon: towards consultant-based acute surgical admissions.

INTRODUCTION The management of an efficient acute surgical service with conflicting pressures of managing elective and emergency work, compounded by waiting list targets and the maximum 4-h wait for patients in accident and emergency poses a significant challenge. We assess the impact of appointing a dedicated emergency surgeon on the delivery of our emergency surgery service. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comparative retrospective review was undertaken of all surgical admissions (n = 1622) over a 9-month period (between February and November) in the year before and after (2004 and 2005) the appointment of a dedicated emergency surgeon. The impact on service, training and possible financial consequences of this appointment was assessed. RESULTS A total of 798 surgical admissions in 2004 were compared with 824 admissions in 2005 for the 9-month periods of this study. In 2004, 258 patients were operated on compared with 286 in 2005 (NS). There was a significant increase in day-time operating from 57% in 2004 to 74% in 2005 (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in consultant-supervised operations from 14% to 52% (P < 0.001), with a consequent fall in out-of-hours operating (43% to 26%; P < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in early (within 48 h) discharges from 41% to 53% (P < 0.001). The salary of the new appointment is more than offset by the quantifiable savings of approximately pound90,000 per annum based on the increased proportion of earlier discharges alone as well as the improved quality of care provided. CONCLUSIONS The appointment of a dedicated emergency surgery consultant has resulted in an increase in day-time consultant-supervised operating, shorter hospital stay for emergency admissions, improved training for surgical trainees, as well as providing potential financial savings for the trust.
Acoustic startle hypersensitivity in Mceph mice and its effect on hippocampal excitability

Current therapies and research for epilepsy concentrate mainly on controlling the disease, but not on prevention of its development and progression. This is partly due to the under‐appreciated heterogeneity of the different epileptic syndromes, and a lack of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of hypersensitivity and hypersynchrony in epilepsy development and spread. In this study we investigate mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to acoustic startle in a mouse model homozygous for the spontaneous megencephaly (mceph) mutation, which results in a lack of the functional potassium channel Kv1.1. Mceph mice are hypersensitive to acoustic startle, a response that is not seen in the wild‐type (WT) littermates. After acoustic startle, a strong activation of astrocytes, as indicated by glial fibrillary acidic protein, occurred in the inferior colliculus and hippocampus. Both the hypersensitivity of acoustic startle as well as activation of astrocytes could be maintained at WT levels by pre‐treating the Mceph mice with the anti‐epileptic drug valproate. Furthermore, we utilized the Mceph mouse model to investigate whether acoustic startle‐induced hypersensitivity has negative consequences for synchronous neuronal activity in other, non‐auditory, systems and networks in the brain, such as the hippocampus. Our findings show that acoustic startle‐induced hypersensitivity primes hippocampal networks by increasing their excitability, which results in increased strength of rhythmic network activity. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms that underlie the spread of hypersensitivity and hypersynchrony across functionally different parts of the brain.
A Stage Model of Intranet Technology. Implementation and Management

In the seventies, Nolan was the first to address the need for a descriptive stage theory concerning the planning, organizing, and controlling activities associated with managing the organizational computer resource. The arrival of newer technologies such as those based on the Internet calls for fresh approaches in terms of their implementation and management. Intranet technology – which is based on Internet technology – differs from other types of IT in terms of its use and implementation. We propose a four-stage model for intranet implementation and management. Each stage is portrayed by seven general characteristics. We propose that in order to ensure intranet institutionalization, three existential crises must be overcome. Firstly, if the intranet is not nurtured by a sponsor it cannot evolve beyond its experimental beginnings. Secondly, if a critical mass of both users and content cannot be reached simultaneously, the intranet will not progress. Finally, if the intranet remains uncontrolled, it will be perceived to be useless and therefore users will abandon it.
How hospital leaders implemented a safe surgery protocol in Australian hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To analyse the strategies used by hospital leaders to improve compliance with the 'ensuring correct patient, correct site and correct procedure protocol'. While following such a protocol saves lives according to an international study of the World Health Organization safe surgery checklist, promoting compliance in hospitals has proved to be a regulatory challenge. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Using a qualitative research design and 'responsive regulation' theory, this study explored implementation strategies used by hospital leaders in 20 Australian public hospitals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 informants to analyse how front-line leaders improved compliance with the safe surgery protocol in their hospitals. INTERVENTIONS Implementation analysis of the safe surgery protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The use of implementation strategies located on a 'responsive regulation' pyramid. RESULTS Informants identified many strategies used to improve protocol compliance typically beginning with persuasion. Supportive strategies were located on a regulatory pyramid beginning with softer interventions: persuade, enlist leaders, train, remind, relax protocol requirements, redesign hospital systems and reward compliance. In response to low and slow compliance, many hospital leaders switched to a pyramid of escalating sanctions: direct, delegate, monitor, publicly report, reprimand and penalize. CONCLUSIONS A multiplex problem requires graduated and multiplex regulation. Hospital leaders proved to be responsive regulators in applying both multiple supports and sanctions that improved compliance over 3 years. These experiences with protocol implementation illustrate the multifaceted challenge of health sector regulation and offer lessons for embedding future patient safety solutions.
Androgyny and the Mentoring Role: an empirical study to examine for prominent mentor expectations

abstract As part of an ongoing research design, we wished to examine how mentors behave whilst in the mentoring role. The starting point for this was a study to examine how mentors felt they were expected to behave in context; that is, an organised educational mentoring situation, as we recognised the importance of situation‐specificity. Prior to empirical study, we theorised that the mentor may be androgynous; or more precisely are able to display high levels of expressive and instrumental behaviour. Seven suppositions were examined. Our findings were that whilst in the role, mentors do indeed feel expected to blend and display high levels of both instrumentality and expressiveness. Further, the levels of expressive behaviour they perceived they were expected to display were significantly higher. The higher levels of expected expressive behaviour is not congruent with the androgyny literature: our samples proved an exception to the ‘masculine supremacy effect’. Also, that mentoring may require high level.
Herpesvirus in the oral cavity of children with leukaemia and its impact on the oral bacterial community profile

Aims This cross-sectional study investigated the association between eight herpesviruses and the bacterial community profiles from the oral cavity of children with and without leukaemia. Methods Sixty participants (aged 3–13), divided into the leukaemia group (LG) and healthy group (HG), were evaluated. Collection of medical data, intraoral examination and collection of clinical specimens were carried out. Single PCR and nested-PCR techniques were used to identify the viral types; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR techniques were used to evaluate the profile and abundance of bacterial communities. Results All the children with leukaemia were positive for at least one type of herpesvirus, compared with healthy participants (33.3%; p<0.000). Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV; 46.7%), human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7; 20%) and HHV-8 (77.3%) were in higher prevalence in the LG (p≤0.01). Children with leukaemia had positive associations with the presence of HCMV, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in the oral cavity when under chemotherapy (p<0.05). There was a qualitative (means of DGGE bands) and quantitative (means of 16S rRNA gene abundance) difference in relation to the bacterial community between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions Based on the results, the prevalence of herpesviruses and the qualitative bacterial profiles was higher in children with leukaemia and HCMV, HHV-7 and HHV-8 were related to the use of chemotherapy. Moreover, HHV-6 was correlated with an increased bacterial community profile in patients with leukaemia (p<0.05). More attention should be paid to the oral health of these individuals, mainly those under chemotherapy, in order to prevent infections by opportunistic pathogens.
Improving Resource Efficiency at Scale with Heracles

User-facing, latency-sensitive services, such as websearch, underutilize their computing resources during daily periods of low traffic. Reusing those resources for other tasks is rarely done in production services since the contention for shared resources can cause latency spikes that violate the service-level objectives of latency-sensitive tasks. The resulting under-utilization hurts both the affordability and energy efficiency of large-scale datacenters. With the slowdown in technology scaling caused by the sunsetting of Moore’s law, it becomes important to address this opportunity. We present Heracles, a feedback-based controller that enables the safe colocation of best-effort tasks alongside a latency-critical service. Heracles dynamically manages multiple hardware and software isolation mechanisms, such as CPU, memory, and network isolation, to ensure that the latency-sensitive job meets latency targets while maximizing the resources given to best-effort tasks. We evaluate Heracles using production latency-critical and batch workloads from Google and demonstrate average server utilizations of 90% without latency violations across all the load and colocation scenarios that we evaluated.
Discrete-time switched linear system with constraints: Characterization and computation of invariant sets under dwell-time consideration

This paper introduces the concepts of Dwell-Time invariance (DT-invariance) and maximal constraint admissible DT-invariant set for discrete-time switching systems under dwell-time switching. Main contributions of this paper include a characterization for DT-invariance; a numerical computation of the maximal CADT-invariant set; a necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of the origin of the switching systems under dwell time switching and an algorithm for the computation of the minimal dwell time needed for stability.
Mixing Methods: The Entry of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches into the Research Process

Qualitative and quantitative research are often presented as two fundamentally different paradigms through which we study the social world. These paradigms act as lightning conductors to which sets of epistemological assumptions, theoretical approaches and methods are attracted. Each is seen to be incompatible with the other. These paradigmatic claims have a tendency to resurface from time to time, manifesting themselves in the effects of different cultural traditions upon intellectual styles of research. There are pressures to view research in terms of this divide but perhaps more pressures to ignore such a divide.
POLICIES, PRACTICES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN UK ORGANISATIONS

A survey carried out by questionnaire of 110 UK organisations to determine management′s attitudes to sexual harassment in the workplace ‐definitions of sexual harassment and the extent to which legal recommendations are recognised and adopted are outlined. The survey also investigates whether and, if so, what preventive action is being taken and the manner in which complaints of sexual harassment are being handled.
Relationship adjustment and dyadic interaction in couples with sexual pain disorders: a critical review of the literature

Abstract Dyspareunia and vaginismus are frustrating women's health problems that only recently have received important research attention. Experiencing pain and vaginal penetration difficulties are intimate sexual problems directly involving the partner, yet few studies have focused on the investigation of dyadic factors and relationship adjustment in couples with a sexual pain disorder. This review critically examines the existing clinical and research literature and draws on lessons from the chronic pain literature where appropriate. The discussion focuses on global relationship adjustment and characteristics and response styles of the asymptomatic partner. Methodological shortcomings in the existing literature are highlighted, and we suggest that an investigation focusing on the interactional patterns of couples with a sexual pain disorder as an effective target when trying to understand the role of dyadic factors in maintaining and exacerbating sexual pain disorders.
The effects of green tea consumption on metabolic and anthropometric indices in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Background: This study aims at investigating the possible effects of different daily doses of green tea (GT) intake for eight weeks on certain anthropometric, metabolic, and oxidative stress biomarkers of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 63 patients with type 2 diabetes (30 males and 33 females). After a two-week run-in period without green tea, they were randomly assigned into one of the three groups, with a different daily intake of green tea; four cups of green tea per day (n = 24), two cups of green tea per day (n = 25), and the control group (n = 14) with no green tea intake for two months. At baseline and after the intervention, blood tests, dietary, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The patients were instructed to maintain their usual dietary intake and normal physical activity. Results: Consumption of four cups of GT per day caused a significant decrease in body weight (73.2 to 71.9) (P < 0.001), body mass index (27.4 to 26.9) (P < 0.001), waist circumference (95.8 to 91.5) (P < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (126.2 to 118.6) (P < 0.05) in this group. No significant change was seen in the other groups and between group comparisons. The metabolic and oxidative stress parameters did not show any significant differences within and between groups. Conclusion: Drinking four cups of green tea led to a significant reduction in weight and systolic blood pressure.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Logics of organization theory: Audiences, codes, and ecologies]

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Incorporating Queers: Blowback, Backlash, and Other Forms of Resistance to Workplace Diversity Initiatives That Support Sexual Minorities

The problem and the solution. The Academy of Human Resource Development's Standards on Ethics and Integrity states that,“HRD professionals accord appropriate respect to the fundamental rights, dignity, and worth of all people. ” This article offers insights into the resistance encountered when organizations acknowledge the worth of sexual minorities. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and self-identified Queer (LGBTQ) individuals occupy complex and contradictory worlds in organizations, including the workplace. Causes of backlash, also known as blowback, to diversity change in the context of LGBTQ rights and dignity are presented. It lays out evidence-based practices that may help human resource development professionals to avoid resistance that can result from their attempts to transform organizations into fully inclusive places.
Sexual scripts: social and therapeutic implications

Abstract It is valuable for clinicians who treat sexual and relationship dysfunctions to be able to understand and explain the cognitive processes used by the typical individual to initiate and maintain an intimate sexual encounter. Script theory, which characterises social interactions as everyday dramas that play out peoples' beliefs about the expected sequence of events and the roles actors should assume within well-known situations, is useful for this purpose. After providing a general overview of script theory, principles which are especially relevant to sexual behavior are reviewed. Focusing on heterosexual adolescents and adults, the paper examines studies which explore how people relate when enacting sexual scripts. Expected and actual differences in men's and women's roles within these scripts are addressed. Using a predominantly cognitive-behavioral orientation, the paper addresses script-related issues faced by clients in individual, sexual, and marital therapy and provides some treatment and e.