Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Estrogen Receptor Status in Respect to Tumor Characteristics in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer

Background The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) and cell surface receptor, Tyrosine Kinase Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2), have emerged as the most important molecular biomarkers determining the breast cancer prognosis. In this study, interactions between ER and HER2 were assessed to determine if they modulate tumor characteristics. Materials and Methods Tissue samples from 120 patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed to evaluate ER and HER2 status quantified by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the correlation of ER and HER2 with patient characteristics and tumor pathology was studied. Results A total of 37(30.8%) and 80(66.6%) out of 120 samples were HER2 (3+ by immunohistochemistry or positive by fluorescent in situ hybridization) and ER positive (by immunohistochemistry), respectively. ER-negative tumors were significantly more likely to be HER-2 positive than were ER-positive tumors (21.25%; odds ratio, 0.270; 95% CI, 0.119 to 0.612; P = 0.002). ER positivity was associated with <2 cm tumor size and higher histological grade (P = 0.007 and 0.019, respectively). No significant correlation was seen between the co-expression of HER2 and ER and tumor characteristics. Conclusion HER2 positive tumors were less common compared to ER positive tumors in early stage breast cancer Iranian patients. Also, higher histological grade among ER negative tumors showed higher aggressiveness of the tumor. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of receptor status on prognosis.
Loss of p 53 but not ARF Accelerates Medulloblastoma in Mice Heterozygous for patched 1

Brain malignancies represent the most common solid tumors in children, and they are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. The molecular basis of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, medulloblastoma, is poorly understood. Mutations in several genes including the human homologue of theDrosophilasegment polarity gene, patched(PTCH), the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC),b-catenin, and p53have been reported in subsets of hereditary and sporadic medulloblastoma. Inactivation of onePtc allele in mice results in a 14% incidence of medulloblastoma. Here, we report a dramatic increase in the incidence (>95%) and accelerated development (prior to 12 weeks of age) of medulloblastoma in mice heterozygous forPtc that lack p53. The acceleration of tumorigenesis inPtc mice is specific for loss ofp53, because no change in tumor incidence was observed in Ptc mice carrying a mutation in APC (Min) or in Ptc mice deficient in p19. Thus, there is a specific interaction betweenp53 loss and heterozygosity ofPtc that results in medulloblastoma. This may be a consequence of increased genomic instability associated with loss of p53 function that may enhance the rate of acquisition of secondary mutations. Ptcp53 mice provide a useful model for investigation of the molecular bases of medulloblastoma and for evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention strategies in a spontaneously arising endogenous brain tumor.
Conclusion: Diversity Intelligence as a Core of Diversity Training and Leadership Development

Problem: Leadership development is a core part of training, education, and career management strategies in organizations. Yet, leaders are not translating what they learn about protected class employees during leadership development initiatives back to the workplace. Solution: Diversity intelligence should be added to organizational diversity and leadership development training and education initiatives. With DQ as a core of the training and education initiatives, leaders may acquire the needed ability to translate what they learn to actual practice. A conceptual model for DQ as a core of leadership development and typology of leaders with low and high DQ are provided. They will be able to better lead their protected class followers because they will know who they are and how to enhance their performance. Stakeholders: Workplace leaders, diversity trainers, educators, and career management professionals are provided ideas for enhancing their diversity improvement efforts. Implications for Human Resource Development professionals and researchers are also offered.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Komunikasi Interpersonal Terhadap Sikap Kerja Guru SMP Swasta

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of organizational culture and interpersonal communication on the work attitude of private junior high school teachers in Tanjung Priok district. This research was conducted using survey method with quantitative approach and path analysis technique. The populations in this study were 307 teachers with 75 research samples of teachers selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained through questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis technique. Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it can be concluded: (1) organizational culture has a direct positive influence on teacher work attitude; (2) interpersonal communication also has a positive direct effect on teacher work attitude; (3) organizational culture has a positive direct effect on interpersonal communication. Therefore, work attitude can be developed through the improvement of organizational culture and interpersonal communication.
Model selection in high dimensions: a quadratic‐risk‐based approach

Summary. We propose a general class of risk measures which can be used for data‐based evaluation of parametric models. The loss function is defined as the generalized quadratic distance between the true density and the model proposed. These distances are characterized by a simple quadratic form structure that is adaptable through the choice of a non‐negative definite kernel and a bandwidth parameter. Using asymptotic results for the quadratic distances we build a quick‐to‐compute approximation for the risk function. Its derivation is analogous to the Akaike information criterion but, unlike the Akaike information criterion, the quadratic risk is a global comparison tool. The method does not require resampling, which is a great advantage when point estimators are expensive to compute. The method is illustrated by using the problem of selecting the number of components in a mixture model, where it is shown that, by using an appropriate kernel, the method is computationally straightforward in arbitrarily high data dimensions. In this same context it is shown that the method has some clear advantages over the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion.
Functionalism, revisionism, and qualia

From the editor's introduction: "Ron Chrisley and Aaron Sloman open Part I of this issue with their article “Functionalism, Revisionism, and Qualia. ” Chrisley and Sloman discuss revisionism about qualia—the view that tries to navigate between naive qualia realism and reductive eliminativism. The authors discuss the relevance of their approach to AI. They also relate to the works they view as following the main tenets of revisionism about qualia. This includes Gilbert Harman’s version of functionalism, discussed in much detail (including Harman’s article “Explaining the Explanatory Gap,” published in the spring 2007 issue of this newsletter) and also the psychomotoric approach to qualia by Kevin O’Regan. "
Advances in neuroimaging research of schizophrenia in China

Summary Since Hounsfield’s first report about X-ray computed tomography (CT) in 1972, there has been substantial progress in the application of neuroimaging techniques to study the structure, function, and biochemistry of the brain. This review provides a summary of recent research in structural and functional neuroimaging of schizophrenia in China and four tables describing all of the relevant studies from mainland China. The first research report using neuroimaging techniques in China dates back to 1983, a study that reported encephalatrophy in 30% of individuals with schizophrenia. Functional neuroimaging research in China emerged in the 1990s and has undergone rapid development since. Recently, structural and functional brain networks has become a hot topic among China’s neuroimaging researchers.
Navigating through complexity: processes and mechanisms underlying the development of psychosis

Background. Adolescents and young adults are highly focused on peer evaluation, but little is known about sources of their differential sensitivity. We examined to what extent sensitivity to peer evaluation is influenced by interacting environmental and genetic factors. Methods. A sample of 354 healthy adolescent twin pairs (n=708) took part in a structured, laboratory task in which they were exposed to peer evaluation. The proportion of the variance in sensitivity to peer evaluation due to genetic and environmental factors was estimated, as was the association with specific a priori environmental risk factors. Results. Differences in sensitivity to peer evaluation between adolescents were explained mainly by non-shared environmental influences. The results on shared environmental influences were not conclusive. No impact of latent genetic factors or gene-environment interactions was found. Adolescents with lower self-rated positions on the social ladder or who reported to have been bullied more severely showed significantly stronger responses to peer evaluation. Conclusions. Not genes, but subjective social status and past experience of being bullied seem to impact sensitivity to peer evaluation. This suggests that altered response to peer evaluation is the outcome of cumulative sensitization to social interactions. Sensitivity to peer evaluation |
Single-Event and Radiation Effect on Enhancement Mode Gallium Nitride FETs

This paper presents responses of the latest MiGaN FETs to space radiation conditions. The new MiGaN has shown radiation tolerance to 1Mrad TID and SEGR and SEB immunity at LET of 85Mev/(mg/cm2) as well as immunity to displacement damage and Low dose (ELDRs) testing.
Overweight and Obesity in Portuguese Children: Prevalence and Correlates

There are widespread differences in overweight/obesity prevalence in children, and understanding the reasons for this is very important. The present study aims: (I) to conduct a meta-analysis on overweight/obesity prevalence in Portuguese children; (II) to identify differences in biological and behavioural characteristics between normal-weight and overweight/obese children; and (III) to investigate the importance of individual- and school-level correlates of variation in children’s BMI using multilevel modelling. A search was done for all published papers including Portuguese children during the last decade; further, 686 Portuguese children (9–11 years old) were sampled and their BMI, family income, maturity offset, nutritional habits, physical activity, sedentariness, sleep time, and school environment information were collected. Results showed a stabilization of overweight/obesity during the last decade, 30.6% (95%CI: 0.287–0.34) for boys, 28.4% (95%CI: 0.23–0.35) for girls, and 30.3% (95%CI: 0.27–0.34) for boys and girls together. Differences between weight groups were only found in individual-level biological traits. The multilevel analysis did not identify significant contributions of school-level variables to children’s BMI variation. In conclusion, no increase was found in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Portuguese children since 2000. Normal-weight and overweight/obese children only differ in individual-level characteristics, and school context variables were not related to variation in BMI.
Cup products, the Heisenberg group, and codimension two algebraic cycles

We define higher categorical invariants (gerbes) of codimension two algebraic cycles and provide a categorical interpretation of the intersection of divisors on a smooth proper algebraic variety. This generalization of the classical relation between divisors and line bundles furnishes a new perspective on the Bloch-Quillen formula.
Infrared Photometry of Starless Dense Cores

Deep JHKs photometry was obtained toward eight dense molecular cores, and J-H versus H-Ks color-color plots are presented. Our photometry, sensitive to the detection of a 1 M☉, 1 × 106 yr old star through ≈35-50 mag of visual extinction, shows no indication of the presence of star/disk systems based on J-H versus H-Ks colors of detected objects. The stars detected toward the cores are generally spatially anticorrelated with core centers, suggesting a background origin, although we cannot preclude the possibility that some stars detected at H and Ks alone or at Ks alone are not low-mass stars or brown dwarfs (<0.3 M☉) behind substantial amounts of visual extinction (e.g., 53 mag for L183B). Lower limits to optical extinctions are estimated for the detected background stars, with high extinctions being encountered, in the extreme case ranging up to at least AV = 46, and probably higher. The extinction data are used to estimate cloud masses and densities that are comparable to those determined from molecular-line studies. Variations in cloud extinctions are consistent with a systematic nature to cloud density distributions, and column density variations and extinctions are found to be consistent with submillimeter-wave continuum studies of similar regions. The results suggest that some cores have achieved significant column density contrasts (~30) on subcore scales (~0.05 pc) without having formed known stars.
A Monte Carlo EM Approach for Partially Observable Diffusion Processes: Theory and Applications to Neural Networks

We present a Monte Carlo approach for training partially observable diffusion processes. We apply the approach to diffusion networks, a stochastic version of continuous recurrent neural networks. The approach is aimed at learning probability distributions of continuous paths, not just expected values. Interestingly, the relevant activation statistics used by the learning rule presented here are inner products in the Hilbert space of square integrable functions. These inner products can be computed using Hebbian operations and do not require backpropagation of error signals. Moreover, standard kernel methods could potentially be applied to compute such inner products. We propose that the main reason that recurrent neural networks have not worked well in engineering applications (e.g., speech recognition) is that they implicitly rely on a very simplistic likelihood model. The diffusion network approach proposed here is much richer and may open new avenues for applications of recurrent neural networks. We present some analysis and simulations to support this view. Very encouraging results were obtained on a visual speech recognition task in which neural networks outperformed hidden Markov models.
Visualization of the intracellular behavior of HIV in living cells

To track the behavior of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in the cytoplasm of infected cells, we have tagged virions by incorporation of HIV Vpr fused to the GFP. Observation of the GFP-labeled particles in living cells revealed that they moved in curvilinear paths in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the perinuclear region, often near the microtubule-organizing center. Further studies show that HIV uses cytoplasmic dynein and the microtubule network to migrate toward the nucleus. By combining GFP fused to the NH2 terminus of HIV-1 Vpr tagging with other labeling techniques, it was possible to determine the state of progression of individual particles through the viral life cycle. Correlation of immunofluorescent and electron micrographs allowed high resolution imaging of microtubule-associated structures that are proposed to be reverse transcription complexes. Based on these observations, we propose that HIV uses dynein and the microtubule network to facilitate the delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus of the cell during early postentry steps of the HIV life cycle.
On-Campus Housing’s Impact on Degree Completion and Upward Transfer in the Community College Sector: A Comprehensive Quasi-Experimental Analysis

ABSTRACT The college student persistence literature has indicated that on-campus housing positively affects student persistence. This evidence, however, has largely been based on the experiences of students at 4-year institutions—not community colleges. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature by comprehensively evaluating the impact of both living at and simply attending a community college that offers on-campus housing options on (a) associate degree completion, (b) transfer to a 4-year institution, and (c) bachelor’s degree completion. Drawing data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and the accompanying Postsecondary Education Transcript Study and using propensity score analysis with doubly robust estimation techniques, we found living in on-campus housing significantly increased the probability of both upward transfer and bachelor’s degree completion with no effects on associate degree completion. Despite these findings, we refrain from suggesting that all community colleges use limited financial resources to construct new or additional on-campus housing options, especially when considering the heterogeneity of their student bodies. Rather we recommend that community colleges with on-campus housing strive to identify direct-from-high school students who intend to transfer and incentivize them to live on campus while offering additional opportunities to promote social integration beyond on-campus housing for all students.
Methylation-Dependent Binding of the Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1 Protein to Viral Promoters

The switch between latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is mediated by the viral immediate-early (IE) protein, BZLF1 (Z). Z, a homologue of c-jun that binds to AP1-like motifs (ZREs), induces expression of the BRLF1 (R) and BRRF1 (Na) viral proteins, which cooperatively activate transcription of the Z promoter and thereby establish a positive autoregulatory loop. A unique feature of Z is its ability to preferentially bind to, and activate, the methylated form of the BRLF1 promoter (Rp). To date, however, Rp is the only EBV promoter known to be regulated in this unusual manner. We now demonstrate that the promoter driving transcription of the early BRRF1 gene (Nap) has two CpG-containing ZREs (ACGCTCA and TCGCCCG) that are only bound by Z in the methylated state. Both Nap ZREs are highly methylated in cells with latent EBV infection. Z efficiently activates the methylated, but not unmethylated, form of Nap in reporter gene assays, and both ZREs are required. Z serine residue 186, which was previously shown to be required for Z binding to methylated ZREs in Rp, but not for Z binding to the AP1 site, is required for Z binding to methylated Nap ZREs. The Z(S186A) mutant cannot activate methylated Nap in reporter gene assays and does not induce Na expression in cells with latent EBV infection. Molecular modeling studies of Z bound to the methylated Nap ZREs help to explain why methylation is required for Z binding, and the role of the Z Ser186 residue. Methylation-dependent Z binding to critical viral promoters may enhance lytic reactivation in latently infected cells, where the viral genome is heavily methylated. Conversely, since the incoming viral genome is initially unmethylated, methylation-dependent Z activation may also help the virus to establish latency following infection.
A replicated study on duplicate detection: using apache lucene to search among Android defects

Context: Duplicate detection is a fundamental part of issue management. Systems able to predict whether a new defect report will be closed as a duplicate, may decrease costs by limiting rework and collecting related pieces of information. Goal: Our work explores using Apache Lucene for large-scale duplicate detection based on textual content. Also, we evaluate the previous claim that results are improved if the title is weighted as more important than the description. Method: We conduct a conceptual replication of a well-cited study conducted at Sony Ericsson, using Lucene for searching in the public Android defect repository. In line with the original study, we explore how varying the weighting of the title and the description affects the accuracy. Results: We show that Lucene obtains the best results when the defect report title is weighted three times higher than the description, a bigger difference than has been previously acknowledged. Conclusions: Our work shows the potential of using Lucene as a scalable solution for duplicate detection.
Modeling the Forest or Modeling the Trees - A Comparison of System Dynamics and Agent-Based Simulation

System Dynamics and Agent-based Simulation are two approaches that use computer simulation for investigating non-linear social and socio-economic systems with a focus on the understanding and qualitative prediction of a system’s behavior. Although the two schools have a broad overlap in research topics they have been relatively unnoticed by each other so far. This paper contributes to the cross-study of System Dynamics and Agent-Based Simulation. It uncovers and contrasts the primary conceptual predispositions underlying the two approaches. Moreover, ideas about how the approaches could be integrated are presented.
The effects of extralinguistic control of comprehension and production in the non-fluent child

The present study investigated (1) the developmental sequence postulated to exist between the processes of comprehension and production, and (2) the effects of syntactic (word order), semantic (animacy of subject and object), and extra-semantic (directional correspondence between verbal and visual sentence presentations, and task complexity) variables upon comprehension and production in the non-fluent child. Fifteen nursery school children grouped in terms of age and performance on the McCarthy (1972) Scales of Children's Abilities constructed puzzles corresponding to sentences during comprehension trials, and labeled preconstructed puzzles corresponding to the same sentences during production trials.
Measure Management and the Masses: How Acceptability of Operating and Reporting Distortion Varies with Deservingness, Demography, and Damage

In three studies totaling almost 5000 subjects, we present respondents with scenarios in which employees manage performance measures by distorting how they report performance or how they operate their organizations. We measure respondents’ judgments about the scenarios and their broader moral values, and interpret statistical associations in light of Moral Foundations Theory (Graham, Nosek, et al 2011) to draw inferences on how respondents view the ‘moral terrain’ of morally-relevant features depicted by the scenarios we present. In our business, public school and hospital settings, we conclude that respondents see reporting distortion as a more appropriate remedy than operating distortion to inequity, and see operational distortions as improving underlying performance more effectively when measures capture true performance more accurately. In our public school and hospital settings, we also conclude that respondents see the organization, (i.e. school or hospital), rather than outside stakeholders, (i.e. students or patients), as representing the in-group to which managers owe loyalty. Respondents also see a sacred element both in reporting and in supporting a school or hospital.