Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social systems and personal reactions to threats of war and terror

This study examines the impact of social systems (i.e., marital quality, significant others' stress and community resilience) on individual reactions to the threat of war and terror resulting from Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon in May 2000. Quantitative results (N = 992) revealed that proximity to the threat of war influenced marital quality, community resilience, life satisfaction, and stress among significant others. Three social system variables mediate these relationships. Qualitative analysis (N = 50 couples) highlights the role of social variables in personal reaction to stress. Differences emerged, however, in the perceived direction of the causal effects. Similarities and differences between the methodologies are discussed, and theoretical models are suggested to explain the results.
ESTUDO PILOTO DE VALIDAÇÃO DO TESTE DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE SINAIS DE DISLEXIA (TISD)

O trabalho objetivou obter primeiras evidencias de validade do Teste de Identificacao de Sinais de Dislexia (TISD). Foram investigados dois grupos de criancas, um sem dificuldades de aprendizagem (n=9) e outro com dificuldades de aprendizagem (n=11), sendo o segundo selecionado em razao de possuir risco para transtornos de aprendizagem. Foram utilizados para coleta de dados o Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE) e TISD. Os resultados evidenciaram diferencas entre os grupos nos escores dos subtestes de Leitura, Escrita, Calculo, Consciencia Fonologica, Memoria de trabalho e no Total, com melhor desempenho do grupo sem dificuldades de aprendizagem. Correlacoes significativas e negativas entre os subtestes do TDE e do TISD foram encontradas. Verificou-se que o TISD mostrou-se capaz de diferenciar os grupos, assim como obteve correlacoes com outro instrumento que avaliava construtos semelhantes, sendo o objetivo desse estudo alcancado.
Racializing research: Managing power and politics?

Abstract This article engages with the issue of power relations within ethnographic research into ‘race’. Taking as its starting point the importance of understanding processes of racialization, it draws upon ethnographic work with children in order to explore the role of reflexivity in managing issues of power in knowledge production. Using the concept of ‘subjectivation’ it argues that we cannot ever hope to escape (non)hierarchical power relations in research, that all research is inevitably, to an extent, racializing. The study suggests that feminist politics of knowledge can help us to deal with these methodological complexities.
A Cross-Level Test of Empowerment and Process Influences on Members’ Informal Learning and Team Commitment

Team effectiveness can be gauged not only by team-level outcomes but also in terms of influences on individual members. The authors present a two-sample cross-level model of individual informal learning and team commitment, as influenced by team-level processes and empowerment. In the first sample, they examine the impact of team-level constructs on individual outcomes, using 575 individuals from 80 teams in an international Fortune 500 manufacturing firm. Using a sample of 67 teams and 271 individual service engineers from a separate Fortune 500 business solutions organization, the authors further advance their model using a pre–post intervention design. Informal learning and commitment are shown to be positively impacted by team-level empowerment and processes, over and above individual predispositions and perceptions in both samples. In addition, changes in team empowerment and processes attributable to the intervention account for additional criterion variance. Implications are discussed in terms of both research and practice.
Pathologic Evaluation of Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy

Breast cancer, one of the most common cancers in women, has various treatment modalities. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has been used in many clinical trials because it is easy to evaluate the treatment response to therapeutic agents in a short time period; consequently, NAT is currently a standard treatment modality for large-sized and locally advanced breast cancers, and its use in early-stage breast cancer is becoming more common. Thus, chances to encounter breast tissue from patients treated with NAT is increasing. However, systems for handling and evaluating such specimens have not been established. Several evaluation systems emphasize a multidisciplinary approach to increase the accuracy of breast cancer assessment. Thus, detailed and systematic evaluation of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings is important. In this review, we compare the major problems of each evaluation system and discuss important points for handling and evaluating NAT-treated breast specimens.
Early Adolescent Family Experiences and Perceived Social Support in Young Adulthood

Although the protective role of social support is well established in the health literature, antecedents of perceived social support are not well understood. Research on family experiential factors during early adolescence, an important psychosocial developmental period in the life course, represents a promising line of inquiry. Using a sample of young adults in Miami-Dade County, Florida (N = 1,267) involving longitudinal data spanning 8 years, we evaluated the importance of early adolescent family experiences (socioeconomic status, family structure, family support, family pride, parent derogation) on perceived family and friend support in young adulthood. Results indicated that early family experiences, especially negative experiences, were associated with lower perceived family and friend support in young adulthood. Moreover, these associations were independent of early childhood-adolescent behavioral disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct), psychological disorders (major depression, anxiety), substance use disorders, and lifetime social adversity. The importance of family experiences during early adolescence for later perceived social support is discussed.
The relationship between students’ perceptions of portfolio assessment practice and their approaches to learning

This study focuses on students’ learning approaches in the context of a competency‐based program on Applied Sciences, with portfolio assessment as its core mode of assessment. The study examines students’ perceptions of these assessment practices and the relationships to their learning approaches. Additionally, differences in perceptions and learning approaches between first‐year students and second‐year students, who already have one year of experience with the portfolio assessment practice, are investigated. A total of 110 students completed two questionnaires at the end of the academic year: the Revised SPQ (Study process questionnaire) was used to measure their approaches to learning and the AEQ (Assessment experience questionnaire) was used to measure their perceptions of the assessment practice. The results indicate that, when implementing portfolio assessment, feedback is essential. Moreover, it seems not to be the assessment design, but rather how it is implemented, and how students’ learning is stimulated through the assessment, that influences the quality of learning.
On either side of a moat? Elite and mass attitudes towards right and wrong

This article develops a cognitive institutionalist account of mass and elite evaluations of political ethics, which is tested on a new dataset from the United Kingdom. The analysis explores the extent of contemporary disagreement among British political elites and those they represent by comparing responses to questions asked in a representative survey of the public with similar questions asked of incumbent MPs and parliamentary candidates. There are systematic differences between members of the public, candidates and MPs at both aggregate and individual levels – differences which can be accounted for with reference to the framing effects of Parliament as an institution. Candidates for parliamentary office display significantly more tolerance of ethically dubious behaviour than other members of the public. Within the elite category, elected MPs exhibit more permissive ethical standards than those candidates who are unsuccessful.
Designing for or designing with? Informant design for interactive learning environments

The value of involving people as ‘users’ or ‘participants’ in the design process is increasingly becoming a point of debate. In this paper we describe a new framework, called ‘informant design’, which advocates efficiency of input from different people: maximizing the value of contributions tlom various informants and design team members at different stages of the design process. To illustrate how this can be achieved we describe a project that uses children and teachers as informants at difTerent stages to help us design an interactive learning environment for teaching ecology.
Inverse Kinematics for a Serial Chain with Joints Under Distance Constraints

Inverse kinematics (IK) problems are important in the study of robotics and have found applications in other fields such as structural biology. The conventional formulation of IK in terms of joint parameters amounts to solving a system of nonlinear equations, which is considered to be very hard for general chains, especially for those with many links. In this paper, we study IK for a serial chain with joints under distance constraints, in particular, either a spatial chain with spherical joints, or a planar chain with revolute joints (in this paper we ignore other constraints such as joint limits and link collision-free constraints, a common approach in studies of inverse kinematics). We present a new set of geometric parameters, which are not joint angles, for such chains, and use a novel approach to formulate the inverse kinematics as a system of linear inequalities, which is an exact, not an approximate, formulation of the IK problem. It follows that the IK problem for such a chain with an arbitrary number of joints can be done efficiently in many ways. Under our new formulation, the set of solutions for an IK problem (as specified by the positions of the two end points of the last link), and more generally the set of solutions for all IK problems, is essentially piecewise convex. Our approach can also be generalized to other linkages such as those with prismatic joints sandwiched between rotational joints and with multiple loops that have a tree decomposition of triangles. The efficient algorithms and nice geometry entailed by piecewise convexity considerably simplify IK related problems, including motion planning, in the systems under study, and thus broaden the class of practical mechanisms at the disposal of robot designers.
Diffusion tensor imaging predicts the outcome of constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic infarction patients with hemiplegia: A pilot study.

PURPOSE To test whether diffusion tensor imaging could evaluate potential motor capability of patients with chronic cerebral infarction. METHODS We used constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) as a rehabilitation, which reveals potential motor capability. We also investigated the relationship between the outcome of CIMT and the ratio between fractional anisotropy values (rFA) in affected and unaffected sites of the corticospinal tract before CIMT. Imaging was performed in cerebral infarction patients (n = 14) and the rFA of the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) was measured before CIMT. Patients were evaluated before and after CIMT using the Fugl-Meyer (F-M) assessment, Wolf Motor Function Test, Action Research Arm Test, and Motor Activity Log and association between PLIC- rFA and these scores was determined. RESULTS All patients showed an improvement in mobility following the 10-day CIMT session. Strong positive correlation was found only between F-M after CIMT and PLIC-rFA (r = 0.8098, p = 0.0004). A strong linear relationship was observed after CIMT. CONCLUSION These data support PLIC-rFA as a new marker of the CIMT-induced improvement in motor function (F-M).
Music and Emotion—A Case for North Indian Classical Music

The ragas of North Indian Classical Music (NICM) have been historically known to elicit emotions. Recently, Mathur et al. (2015) provided empirical support for these historical assumptions, that distinct ragas elicit distinct emotional responses. In this review, we discuss the findings of Mathur et al. (2015) in the context of the structure of NICM. Using, Mathur et al. (2015) as a demonstrative case-in-point, we argue that ragas of NICM can be viewed as uniquely designed stimulus tools for investigating the tonal and rhythmic influences on musical emotion.
Do School Segregation and School Resources Explain Region-of-Origin Differences in the Mathematics Achievement of Immigrant Students? 1

Levels and Dronkers (2006) showed that educational achievement differs between immigrant students from different regions of origin (Latin America, Northern Africa, and Western Asia). This follow-up paper establishes whether these differences in educational achievement between immigrant students from different regions of origin can be explained by school segregation, whether along ethnic or socioeconomic lines. Ethnic and socioeconomic school segregation have a negative influence on the scholastic achievement of all students, although the impact of socioeconomic school segregation is greater than that of ethnic school segregation. Ethnic school segregation affects the scholastic outcomes of native and immigrant students from some regions of origin more than those of immigrant students from other regions. The analysis shows that neither ethnic, nor socioeconomic, school segregation explains the lower mathematics achievement of immigrant students from Latin America, Northern Africa, and Western Asia.
Development and test of a cognitive rules model of interaction goals

Although scholars frequently describe communication as goal oriented, they offer limited detail about how people form interaction goals in situations. This paper presents a “Cognitive Rules” model which specifies assumptions about the structures and processes underlying goal formation. According to the model, people represent their knowledge about goals within an associative network model of memory, which contains cognitive rules linking situational features and desired outcomes. People's likelihood of forming a goal depends on the accessibility of relevant cognitive rules as well as the fit between perceived situational features and rules. An experiment testing these assumptions is reported. As predicted, a priming manipulation influenced interaction goals in attributionally ambiguous but not in attributionally clear compliance‐gaining situations. Unexpectedly, the effect of priming on goals occurred only for people high in construct differentiation. Implications of these findings for accounts of goal fo.
Video Game and Internet Addiction: Is there a Need for Differentiation ?

Introduction: The term Internet addiction encompasses a broad range of activities which in isolation have rarely been studied for their clinical relevance. This study looks at whether video game addiction and Internet addiction can be regarded as distinct nosological entities and whether there is a differential impact on those affected. It also aims to describe the type of activities that contribute most to the addiction. Methods: Data was collected in a school survey of Grade 7 to 10 students (M = 14.5 years; n = 4 436). Besides video game addiction (CSAS-II) and Internet addiction (CIUS), indicators of media consumption, functional level, well-being, burden for significant others and psychological strain were collected. Results: Internet and video game addiction can be regarded as two distinct nosological entities. This differentiation is supported by differences in sociodemographic variables and measures of validation. The subjective suffering seems to be higher among adolescent video game addicts than.
Personality Architecture and the FFM in Organisational Psychology

Cervone, Shadel, Smith, and Fiori (2006) outline an approach to the study of self-regulation that is consistent with but extends research on self-regulation and motivation within organisational psychology. At the same time, their model represents a new perspective for the study of personality processes within organisations and one that conflicts with the existing personality research programmes focused on the five factor model (FFM). We outline the points of differentiation between the two approaches and suggest strategies that we believe will allow personality researchers to build the personality architectures for the trait behaviours derived from the FFM. We also categorise the mediating mechanisms studied in organisational psychology in the KAPA model of Cervone et al. and highlight the need for related frameworks covering affective units and personal competencies in personality architecture.
Dissociable Forms of Inhibitory Control within Prefrontal Cortex with an Analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: Restriction to Novel Situations and Independence from “On-Line” Processing

Attentional set-shifting and discrimination reversal are sensitive to prefrontal damage in the marmoset in a manner qualitatively similar to that seen in man and Old World monkeys, respectively (Dias et al., 1996b). Preliminary findings have demonstrated that although lateral but not orbital prefrontal cortex is the critical locus inshifting an attentional set betweenperceptual dimensions, orbital but not lateral prefrontal cortex is the critical locus in reversing a stimulus–reward association within a particular perceptual dimension (Dias et al., 1996a). The present study presents this analysis in full and extends the results in three main ways by demonstrating that (1) mechanisms of inhibitory control and “on-line” processing are independent within the prefrontal cortex, (2) impairments in inhibitory control induced by prefrontal damage are restricted to novel situations, and (3) those prefrontal areas involved in the suppression of previously established response sets are not involved in the acquisition of such response sets. These findings suggest that inhibitory control is a general process that operates across functionally distinct regions within the prefrontal cortex. Although damage to lateral prefrontal cortex causes a loss of inhibitory control in attentional selection, damage to orbitofrontal cortex causes a loss of inhibitory control in affective processing. These findings provide an explanation for the apparent discrepancy between human and nonhuman primate studies in which disinhibition as measured on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal damage, whereas disinhibition as measured on discrimination reversal is associated with orbitofrontal damage.
Evasion and Hardening of Tree Ensemble Classifiers

Classifier evasion consists in finding for a given instance $x$ the nearest instance $x'$ such that the classifier predictions of $x$ and $x'$ are different. We present two novel algorithms for systematically computing evasions for tree ensembles such as boosted trees and random forests. Our first algorithm uses a Mixed Integer Linear Program solver and finds the optimal evading instance under an expressive set of constraints. Our second algorithm trades off optimality for speed by using symbolic prediction, a novel algorithm for fast finite differences on tree ensembles. On a digit recognition task, we demonstrate that both gradient boosted trees and random forests are extremely susceptible to evasions. Finally, we harden a boosted tree model without loss of predictive accuracy by augmenting the training set of each boosting round with evading instances, a technique we call adversarial boosting.
Basal high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein levels in patients with spontaneous venous thromboembolism

Summary The role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still under discussion because of controversial results in the literature. Conflicting data may have partly been due to bias by exogenous factors altering CRP levels. We investigated CRP concentrations in patients with spontaneous VTE applying a study design that allowed the measurement of basal high sensitivity (hs)-CRP levels. Patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT, n=117) and pulmonary embolism (PE, n=97) were compared to healthy individuals (n=104). Hs-CRP levels (mg/dl) were significantly higher in patients (n=214, median/interquartile range: 0.171/0.082–0.366) than in controls (0.099/0.053–0.245, p=0.001). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for VTE per 1 mg/dl increase of CRP was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–6.8, p=0.03]. This association remained significant after adjustment for factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and factor VIII activity above 230% (OR = 2.9, 95% CI [1.1–7.5]), but became remarkably attenuated and lost its statistical significance after adjustment for BMI alone (OR = 1.7 [0.7–4.0]). CRP was also not independently associated with VTE in subgroups of patients (those with DVT without symptomatic PE, those with PE and patients without established risk factor) in multiple regression analysis. In summary, we observed significantly higher basal hs-CRP levels in patients with spontaneous VTE compared to healthy controls. This association was independent of hereditary and laboratory risk factors for VTE, but lost its significance after adjustment for BMI. Increased basal CRP levels do not appear to represent an independent risk factor for VTE.
Increasing Student Intrinsic Motivation And Self-Efficacy Through Gamification Pedagogy

The aim of this study was to assess gamification as a method of experiential learning theory (ELT) on student motivation and self-efficacy to perform System Engineering/Information Assurance (IA) tasks. The study was a basic qualitative method, whereby data was collected via semi-structured interview and then analyzed for recurring themes and patterns. The students involved in the study were undergraduate students enrolled in system administration and security courses. We introduced ELT in early stages of curriculum in place of commonly used didactic methods of delivering theory. We compared the themes found in increased ELT classes with past didactic sections of the same courses. Data analysis revealed that increasing ELT in IA coursework at all levels of the curriculum increased both student intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. This paper outlines gamification pedagogy used in 200 and 300 level postsecondary courses of system administration. Gathered results indicated high intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy from the students 96 interviewed. The paper will also present examples of gamification ELT lessons at each level of undergraduate study.
Charging Time Characterization for Wireless RF Energy Transfer

Wireless energy transfer to the onboard energy storage element using dedicated radio frequency (RF) energy source has the potential to provide sustained network operations by recharging the sensor nodes on demand. To determine the efficiency of RF energy transfer (RFET), characterization of recharging process is needed. Different from classical capacitor-charging operation, the incident RF waves provide constant power (instead of constant voltage or current) to the storage element, which requires a new theoretical framework for analyzing the charging behavior. This work develops the charging equation for replenishing an energy-depleted storage element by RFET. Since the remaining energy on a sensor node is a random parameter, the RF charging time distribution for a given residual voltage distribution is also derived. The analytical model is validated through hardware experiments and simulations.