Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Systolic Pressure Variation During Graded Volume Loss Using Simple Tools on Datex Ohmeda S/5 Monitor

Direct invasive arterial monitoring is performed routinely for all major neurosurgical procedures. Systolic pressure variation (SPV) used, independently or in combination with central venous pressure (CVP) allows optimal fluid management in hypovolemia and hemorrhage. This study aims to quantify SPV during graded hypovolemia using the simple technique described by Gouvea and Gouvea using Datex Ohmeda S/5, and to compare its reliability relative to other hemodynamic indicators of hypovolemia. Twenty anesthetized neurosurgical patients of ASA grade I and II patients were administered furosemide 0.5 mg/kg intravenously to obtain graded volume loss in the form of urine output. Invasive arterial pressure from radial artery and CVP were monitored using Datex OhmedaS/5 (Finland). Invasive arterial pressure label was changed to pulmonary artery label with the scale appropriate for arterial pressure. The trace was frozen in the wedge mode to reduce the sweep speed and the cursor was used to measure SPV and pulse pressure variation (PPV). Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, CVP at zero end-expiratory pressure, SPV and PPV are measured at baseline, and after a urine output of 200 and 500 mL. There was a significant correlation between volume loss and CVP, SPV, and PPV. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic analysis was >0.75 for CVP, SPV, and PPV. SPV of 7.5 mm Hg and a change of SPV by 4.5 mm Hg, a PPV of 4.5 and change in PPV by 2.5 mm Hg were the best cut-off values that corresponded to a volume change of 500 mL. This simple method enabled calculation of SPV without the computerized modules, and detected volume loss comparable to CVP.
Multi-label vs. combined single-label sound event detection with deep neural networks

In real-life audio scenes, many sound events from different sources are simultaneously active, which makes the automatic sound event detection challenging. In this paper, we compare two different deep learning methods for the detection of environmental sound events: combined single-label classification and multi-label classification. We investigate the accuracy of both methods on the audio with different levels of polyphony. Multi-label classification achieves an overall 62.8% accuracy, whereas combined single-label classification achieves a very close 61.9% accuracy. The latter approach offers more flexibility on real-world applications by gathering the relevant group of sound events in a single classifier with various combinations.
Direct brain recordings reveal hippocampal rhythm underpinnings of language processing

Significance Language is viewed as a predominantly perisylvian function typically studied in isolation from memory. We demonstrate that the same neuronal computations used by the hippocampus for memory function also subserve online language usage. Our findings specify that the hippocampal complex contributes to language in an active fashion, relating incoming words to stored semantic knowledge, a necessary process in the generation of sentence meaning. These findings represent a major step in integrating the studies of language and memory, significantly expanding the role of hippocampal theta oscillations and adding hippocampal structures to the neural network supporting language. Language is classically thought to be supported by perisylvian cortical regions. Here we provide intracranial evidence linking the hippocampal complex to linguistic processing. We used direct recordings from the hippocampal structures to investigate whether theta oscillations, pivotal in memory function, track the amount of contextual linguistic information provided in sentences. Twelve participants heard sentences that were either constrained (“She locked the door with the”) or unconstrained (“She walked in here with the”) before presentation of the final word (“key”), shown as a picture that participants had to name. Hippocampal theta power increased for constrained relative to unconstrained contexts during sentence processing, preceding picture presentation. Our study implicates hippocampal theta oscillations in a language task using natural language associations that do not require memorization. These findings reveal that the hippocampal complex contributes to language in an active fashion, relating incoming words to stored semantic knowledge, a necessary process in the generation of sentence meaning.
Detection of Far-Infrared Water Vapor, Hydroxyl, and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from the Supernova Remnant 3C 391

We report the detection of shock-excited far-infrared emission of H2O, OH, and CO from the supernova remnant 3C 391, using the Infrared Space Observatory Long-Wavelength Spectrometer. This is the first detection of thermal H2O and OH emission from a supernova remnant. For two other remnants, W28 and W44, CO emission was detected, but OH was detected only in absorption. The observed H2O and OH emission lines arise from levels within ~400 K of the ground state, consistent with collisional excitation in warm, dense gas created after the passage of the shock front through the dense clumps in the preshock cloud. The postshock gas we observe has a density ~2×105 cm-3 and temperature 100-1000 K, and the relative abundances of CO:OH:H2O in the emitting region are 100:1:15 for a temperature of 200 K. The presence of a significant column of warm H2O suggests that the chemistry has been changed significantly by the shock. The existence of significant column densities of both OH and H2O, which is at odds with models for nondissociative shocks into dense gas, could be due to photodissociation of H2O or a mix of fast and slow shocks through regions with different preshock density.
The Transition Between Real and Complex Superconducting Order Parameter Phases in UPt3

Mind the Gap The symmetry of the pairing gap is one of the most important properties of a superconductor. Whereas conventional superconductors such as lead have a gap that is uniform in momentum space, the enigmatic cuprates have point nodes and a characteristic d-wave symmetry. The heavy fermion compound UPt3 has long been known to exhibit unconventional pairing. Now, Strand et al. (p. 1368) have measured the momentum space dependence of UPt3's superconducting gap as a function of temperature. A real gap with line nodes was observed to develop first; then, at a lower critical temperature, a complex component appeared, with the total gap expected to become fully uniform at absolute zero. The temperature evolution of two superconducting phases has been observed in a heavy fermion superconductor. Order parameter symmetry is one of the basic characteristics of a superconductor. The heavy fermion compound UPt3 provides a rich system for studying the competition between superconductivity and other forms of electronic order and exhibits two distinct superconducting phases that are characterized by different symmetries. We fabricated a series of Josephson tunnel junctions on the as-grown surfaces of UPt3 single crystals spanning the a-b plane. By measuring their critical current, we mapped out the magnitude of the superconducting order parameter as a function of the momentum-space direction and temperature. In the high-temperature phase, we observed a sharp node in the superconducting gap at 45° with respect to the a axis; an out-of-phase component appeared in the low-temperature phase, creating a complex order parameter.
Autonomy at All Costs: An Ethnography of Metacognitive Self-Assessment and Self-Management among Experienced Language Learners.

Research in cognition has shown that expert learners in diverse fields, including chess, mathematics, physics, and language learning, approach new learning tasks differently than novice learners. More recent research in neuropsychology makes a strong claim that metacognition is separate from cognition and consists of two types of behavior: self-assessment and self-management. This article analyzes self-directed language learning behaviors of adult third-language learners based on qualitative data. The data were gathered in 1993 and 1994 from 11 learners of Georgian and Kazakh at the University of Maryland at College Park. All learners had 2/2/2 (L/R/S) proficiency in Russian according to the Federal Interagency Language Roundtable (FILR) scale. Data were analyzed using the Grounded Method for analyzing qualitative data (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). All learners were found to assess their progress, learning styles, strategy preferences, and conflicts with teaching styles and with the behaviors of other learners regularly. Based on these assessments, the majority of learners made attempts at specific self-directed learning behaviors, focused primarily on changes to course materials and classroom activities, and targeted specific learning tasks and strategies.
Spatial Variation in Host Feeding Patterns of Culex tarsalis and the Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in California

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) is now endemic in California across a variety of ecological regions that support a wide diversity of potential avian and mammalian host species. Because different avian hosts have varying competence for WNV, determining the blood-feeding patterns of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors is a key component in understanding the maintenance and amplification of the virus as well as tangential transmission to humans and horses. We investigated the blood-feeding patterns of Culex tarsalis Coquillett and members of the Culex pipiens L. complex from southern to northern California. Nearly 100 different host species were identified from 1,487 bloodmeals, by using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Cx. tarsalis fed on a higher diversity of hosts and more frequently on nonhuman mammals than did the Cx. pipiens complex. Several WNV-competent host species, including house finch and house sparrow, were common bloodmeal sources for both vector species across several biomes and could account for WNV maintenance and amplification in these areas. Highly competent American crow, western scrub-jay and yellow-billed magpie also were fed upon often when available and are likely important as amplifying hosts for WNV in some areas. Neither species fed frequently on humans (Cx. pipiens complex [0.4%], Cx. tarsalis [0.2%]), but with high abundance, both species could serve as both enzootic and bridge vectors for WNV.
A Critical Point for Random Graphs with a Given Degree Sequence

Given a sequence of nonnegative real numbers λ0, λ1… which sum to 1, we consider random graphs having approximately λi n vertices of degree i. Essentially, we show that if Σ i(i - 2)λi > 0, then such graphs almost surely have a giant component, while if Σ i(i -2)λ. < 0, then almost surely all components in such graphs are small. We can apply these results to Gn,p,Gn.M, and other well-known models of random graphs. There are also applications related to the chromatic number of sparse random graphs. © 1995 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of treatment for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children with Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a greater risk for developing both acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and significant adverse effects of chemotherapy. We investigated their outcome with, and tolerance of, treatment protocols for relapsed ALL optimized in the paediatric population without DS. Probability of survival and causes of treatment failure were determined for 49 children with DS and a matched cohort of 98 children without DS among 2160 children treated for relapsed ALL in clinical trials conducted by the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster ALL Relapse Study Group between 1983 and 2012. Despite more favourable ALL relapse characteristics, children with DS experienced lower event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) than the control group without DS (EFS 17 ± 08% vs. non‐DS 41 ± 06%, P = 0·006; OS 17 ± 09% vs. non‐DS 51 ± 06%, P < 0·001). Children with DS developed more frequently fatal complications of treatment (34 ± 07% vs. non‐DS 10 ± 04%, P < 0·001). During the last decade, EFS and OS were no longer significantly different in children with and without DS (EFS 31 ± 09% vs. 36 ± 09%, P = 0·399; OS 31 ± 12% vs. 53 ± 09%, P = 0·151). DS proved an independent prognostic factor of outcome after ALL relapse. Induction deaths and treatment‐related mortality but not subsequent relapse were the main barrier to successful outcomes of relapse therapy in children with DS.
Correlations Between Awareness of Illness (Insight) and History of Addiction in Heroin-Addicted Patients

In a group of 1066 heroin addicts, who were seeking treatment for opioid agonist treatment, we looked for differences in historical, demographic, and clinical characteristics, between patients with different levels of awareness of illness (insight). The results showed that, in the cohort studied, a majority of subjects lacked insight into their heroin-use behavior. Compared with the impaired-insight group, those who possessed insight into their illness showed significantly greater awareness of past social, somatic, and psychopathological impairments, and had a greater number of past treatment-seeking events for heroin addiction. In contrast with other psychiatric illnesses, the presence of awareness appears to be related to the passing of time and to the worsening of the illness. Methodologies to improve the insight of patients should, therefore, be targeted more directly on patients early in their history of heroin dependence, because the risk of lack of insight is greatest during this period.
Bridging the appearance gap: Multi-experience localization for long-term visual teach and repeat

Vision-based, route-following algorithms enable autonomous robots to repeat manually taught paths over long distances using inexpensive vision sensors. However, these methods struggle with long-term, outdoor operation due to the challenges of environmental appearance change caused by lighting, weather, and seasons. While techniques exist to address appearance change by using multiple experiences over different environmental conditions, they either provide topological-only localization, require several manually taught experiences in different conditions, or require extensive offline mapping to produce metric localization. For real-world use, we would like to localize metrically to a single manually taught route and gather additional visual experiences during autonomous operations. Accordingly, we propose a novel multi-experience localization (MEL) algorithm developed specifically for route-following applications; it provides continuous, six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) localization with relative uncertainty to a privileged (manually taught) path using several experiences simultaneously. We validate our algorithm through two experiments: i) an offline performance analysis on a 9km subset of a challenging 27km route-traversal dataset and ii) an online field trial where we demonstrate autonomy on a small 250m loop over the course of a sunny day. Both exhibit significant appearance change due to lighting variation. Through these experiments we show that safe localization can be achieved by bridging the appearance gap.
Menu costs, posted prices, and multiproduct retailers

We use a unique store-level data set to directly measure menu costs and to study the price change process at a large U.S. drugstore chain. We compare and contrast the magnitude of these measures with similar measures from 4 large U.S. supermarket chains. We find that (1) the actual magnitude of menu costs as a share of revenues, (2) menu costs per price change, (3) the frequent use of promotional pricing, and (4) the use of weekly pricing rules, are similar across both retail formats. Given that the main common features of these two types of retail formats are that (i) they both use posted prices, and (ii) both are multiproduct retailers selling a large number of products, our findings suggest that the magnitude of the menu cost components we measure, and the price change practices we document, may be generalizable across retail formats with these two features.
Note-Taking Techniques for Students With Disabilities

This article provides a synthesis of note-taking research among students with learning disabilities or other high-incidence disabilities. A search of the professional literature between 1980 and 2010 yielded nine intervention studies, which were evaluated either in terms of effect size or percentage of nonoverlapping data. The studies examined three different note-taking techniques used by students during lectures and included 125 students of varying disabilities. Findings revealed that students who used note-taking techniques were effective at increasing scores on measures of achievement and the quality and quantity of notes recorded. Limitations and implications of note-taking techniques for content-area classrooms are discussed.
An Automatic and Dynamic Student Modeling Approach for Adaptive and Intelligent Educational Systems Using Ontologies and Bayesian Networks

Dynamic adaptation of educational content has been an important research topic. Therefore, in order for it to run effectively, student models that properly describe and monitor the cognitive state of students are needed. In this sense, this paper presents a hybrid student model approach that combines ontologies and Bayesian Networks to identify the knowledge of each student based on their characteristics and behavior while using an Adaptive Educational System. Experiments were performed with real student participants in a higher education course using an experimental prototype developed to verify the viability of the approach, which showed satisfactory results.
How Much Do We Really Know about Moonlighters?

This article reviewed the literature on moonlighers to compare the rate of moonlighting reported in government publications with empirical studies done by researchers, and to examine the differences between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters observed in empirical studies on several dependent variables. The average rate of moonlighting in empirical studies was found to be much higher than the rate reported in government publications, both in the U.S.A and Canada. Only a few differences were found between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters with regard to personal, social, and organizationally-valued outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed for future research as well as for management practice.
Metabolomics Guides Rational Development of a Simplified Cell Culture Medium for Drug Screening against Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT In vitro culture methods underpin many experimental approaches to biology and drug discovery. The modification of established cell culture methods to make them more biologically relevant or to optimize growth is traditionally a laborious task. Emerging metabolomic technology enables the rapid evaluation of intra- and extracellular metabolites and can be applied to the rational development of cell culture media. In this study, untargeted semiquantitative and targeted quantitative metabolomic analyses of fresh and spent media revealed the major nutritional requirements for the growth of bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. The standard culture medium (HMI11) contained unnecessarily high concentrations of 32 nutrients that were subsequently removed to make the concentrations more closely resemble those normally found in blood. Our new medium, Creek's minimal medium (CMM), supports in vitro growth equivalent to that in HMI11 and causes no significant perturbation of metabolite levels for 94% of the detected metabolome (<3-fold change; α = 0.05). Importantly, improved sensitivity was observed for drug activity studies in whole-cell phenotypic screenings and in the metabolomic mode of action assays. Four-hundred-fold 50% inhibitory concentration decreases were observed for pentamidine and methotrexate, suggesting inhibition of activity by nutrients present in HMI11. CMM is suitable for routine cell culture and offers important advantages for metabolomic studies and drug activity screening.
Pattern of accessory regions and invasive disease potential in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

BACKGROUND The invasive disease potential (IDP) of Streptococcus pneumoniae differs between serotypes, but the reason for this is unknown. METHODS A total of 47 pneumococcal isolates from 13 serotypes with different IDPs in humans that belonged to 37 multilocus sequence types were compared by whole genome microarrays and mutant analyses. RESULTS Approximately 34% of the genes were variable, including 95 genes previously shown by signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) to be required for invasive disease in mice. Many variable genes were localized to 41 accessory regions (ARs), of which 24 contained genes previously identified by STM as required for invasive disease. Only AR6 and AR34 were preferentially found in isolates of serotypes with high IDPs. Neither AR6, which carries a gene previously identified bySTMas required for invasive disease and encodes a 6-phospho-betaglucosidase, nor the putative adhesin expressed by AR34 was required for mouse virulence in TIGR4. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococci possess a repertoire of ARs that differ between clones and even between isolates of the same clone. The ARs required for invasive disease in humans may be redundant, as no unique pattern distinguished the most invasive clones from others. The ARs that contained genes previously identified by STM as required for virulence in mice were frequently absent from invasive human isolates. Only 1 AR (AR6) was present in almost all isolates from the serotypes with the highest IDP (1, 4, and 7F), whereas it was missing from many others.
Sustainability education in early childhood: An updated review of research in the field

Sustainability education is increasingly practiced in early childhood, but a previous review of the literature suggests that there is little empirical research to provide the necessary foundation and critique. The current paper addresses the question of whether there has been an increase in empirical research in the field since this review, and if so, what are the theoretical and methodological developments informing this research. The method of the study is to review the literature in the field following similar processes to the previous review in order to provide a comparison. The articles identified were then categorized and evaluated according to their different theoretical and methodological orientations. The review found that there are twice as many articles as identified in the previous study and that these articles are now equally published in mainstream and environmental education journals. A meta-analysis of the articles using a typology of methodological orientations provided a basis for critique. Three major categories of theoretical orientation were identified as: Connection to nature; Children’s rights; and Post-human frameworks with varying degrees of theoretical engagement. It is recommended that new post-human frameworks recently applied in early childhood education research could usefully be connected to researching early childhood education for planetary sustainability.
REGULARITY OF THE SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH PIECEWISE ANALYTIC DATA , Ih THE TRACE SPACES AND APPLICATION TO THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS WITH NONHOMOGENEOUS BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

This paper analyzes the trace spaces of the weighted space (fl) introduced by Babuka and Guo [SIAM J. Math. Anal. , 19 (1988), pp. 172-203]. Key words, elliptic equation with piecewise analytic data, Dirichlet problem, corner singularities AMS(MOS) subject classifications. 35B65, 35D10, 35G15, 35J05