Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Burnout Levels of Teachers with Different Occupational Satisfaction Sources

The aim of this research is to investigate whether professional satiety sources predict burnout in teachers. Pro- fessional values, including satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the teaching profession, are investigated using the Professional Satiety Inventory. Of 698 teachers, 478 primary school teachers were chosen randomly as the research group. Using the "Professional Satiety Inventory," the teachers were initially divided into ten groups according to their "occupational satisfaction sources. " In addition, the "Maslach Burnout Inventory," was used to examine which professional satiety sources predicted emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Based on results of this study, the occupational values for the teaching profession in Turkey were defined as being satisfactory or unsatisfactory.
Regulation of programmed-death ligand in the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment is mediated through matrix metalloproteinase-mediated proteolytic cleavage

Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is a devastating malignancy with a poor prognosis. According to recent clinical studies, tumour growth can be effectively reduced and survival can be improved by blocking the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. PD-L1 expression has been proposed as a potential causative mechanism, as HNSCC is highly immunosuppressive. However, anti-PD-1 treatment is beneficial only for certain patients. Therefore, the mechanisms controlling PD-L1 expression warrant further investigation in order to provide a better understanding of the predicting efficacy of and optimising anti-PD-1 therapy, alone or in combination. In this study, PD-L1 protein extracted from the cell membrane was found to be downregulated in OSC-20 cells compared with OSC-19 cells, despite a higher PD-L1 expression in the total cell lysate of the OSC-20 compared with the OSC-19 cells. Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were found to be upregulated in HNSCC; in particular, MMP-7 and -13 were upregulated in the OSC-20 compared with the OSC-19 cells. Purified PD-L1 was degraded by recombinant MMP-13 and -7. The expression of PD-L1 was significantly restored by a specific inhibitor of MMP-13 (CL82198), which suggested the involvement of MMP-13 in the shedding/cleavage of PD-L1 in the OSC-20 cells. Among the anticancer drugs conventionally used in the treatment of patients with HNSCC, paclitaxel increased MMP-13 expression in R/M HNSCC cells (HOC313 cells) co-cultured without/with dendritic cells (DCs). These results suggest that the shedding/cleavage of PD-L1 by MMP-13 is one of the mechanisms behind the protective effect against invasion and metastasis. Thus, MMP-13 has potential value as a marker predictive of the decreased efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. In addition, paclitaxel is a particularly promising candidate for combination therapy in R/M HNSCC with anti-PD-1 therapy.
Mammal population cycles: evidence for intrinsic differences during snowshoe hare cycles

Some mammals in high northern latitudes show regular population cycles. In snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), these occur every 9-10 years. One hypothesis proposes extrinsic causes such as food shortage or preda- tion. The other proposes intrinsic causes through different morphs that alternate between different phases of the cycle. The morphs should differ in behaviour or physiology. This hypothesis predicts that animal lineages bred from high and low phases of the population cycle should differ in reproduction and survivorship. In a 16-year breeding program, lin - eages of purebred high-phase female hares had reduced reproductive rates relative to those of purebred low-phase fe- males, resulting in extinction of high-phase lineages. Reproductive output declined with age in high- but not low-phase animals. These lineages also differed in longevity and senescence. These results are consistent with the intrinsic hy - pothesis and suggest a mechanism for alternating population densities that could work synergistically with extrinsic causes like predation and food shortage. Resume : Les populations de certains mammiferes des latitudes nordiques subissent des cycles reguliers. Ceux du lievre d'Amerique (Lepus americanus) reviennent tous les 9-10 ans. Une hypothese veut que les cycles soient declen- ches par des facteurs extrinseques, comme la famine ou la predation. L'autre hypothese veut que ce soient des facteurs intrinseques par lesquels differents formes d'une espece alternent d'une phase a l'autre du cycle. Selon cette hypothese, les formes differeraient par leur physiologie et leur comportement et les lignees animales obtenues de l'elevage de pha- ses de densite elevee et de phases de densite faible du cycle de la population devraient avoir une reproduction et une survie differentes. Au cours d'un programme d'elevage d'une duree de 16 ans, les lignees pures obtenues de femelles de phase elevee avaient des taux de reproduction faibles relativement a ceux des lignees pures issues des femelles de phase basse, resultant en l'extinction des lignees de phase elevee. Le rendement reproductif diminue avec l'âge chez les animaux de phase elevee, mais pas chez les animaux de phase basse. Ces lignees different aussi par leur longevite et leur senescence. Nos resultats sont compatibles avec l'hypothese des facteurs intrinseques comme declencheurs des cycles et semblent indiquer l'existence d'un mecanisme de fluctuation des densites de la population qui pourrait agir en synergie avec les facteurs extrinseques, tels que la predation et la famine. (Traduit par la Redaction) 220
Experimental investigation into lunar melt density and compressibility : the role of titanium

This study focuses on determining the density and compressibility of four lunar picritic glasses as a function of TiO2 content from 0-11 GPa and 1748-2473 K (14752200°C). These glasses are hypothesized to have quenched rapidly as glass beads during lunar fire fountain eruptions. The lunar glass beads have distinctive colors that correspond to TiO2 content. The glasses of interest for this study are the Apollo 15 green glass Type C (A15C) which has a TiO2 content of 0.26 wt%, the Apollo 14 yellow glass (A14Y) which has a TiO2 content of 4.58 wt%, the Apollo 17 orange glass 74220-type (A17O) which has a TiO2 content of 9.12 wt%, and the Apollo 14 black glass (A14B) which has the highest TiO2 content with 16.40 wt%. These glasses are believed to represent primary, unfractionated melts making them excellent candidates for experimental studies into lunar basalt density and eruptability during partial melting of the lunar mantle. We performed sink-float experiments on these lunar glass compositions using a piston-cylinder apparatus (P < 2 GPa) and Walker-style multi-anvil device (P > 2 GPa) in order to bracket the density of these melts. We report new sink-float data for A15C, A14Y, and A17O. We find that with increasing pressure, the melts with less TiO2
Cranial Osteology of the Theropod Dinosaur Incisivosaurus gauthieri (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria)

Abstract We provide a description of the holotype skull of the unusual oviraptorosaur Incisivosaurus gauthieri. Previous phylogenetic analyses have placed this taxon firmly within Oviraptorosauria near the base of the clade; however, until now only a cursory description of this important specimen was available. The presence of many primitive characteristics (e.g., maxillary and dentary teeth as well as an extended palate and rostrum) indicates that the observed similarities between avians and derived oviraptorids are convergences rather than shared derived characters. In addition, we clarify previous descriptions of several ambiguous anatomical features, most notably of the palate. We also employ computed tomographic (CT) analysis, which allows for a more complete description of the braincase and the reconstruction of an endocranial endocast. CT imagery reveals features that were before unobtainable, such as the presence of a replacement tooth behind the large rodentiform incisor in the premaxilla. This arrangement indicates that although the incisiform teeth of I. gauthieri are morphologically distinct they are replaced in typical archosaurian fashion.
Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) continues to rise. So too do the health, safety, and economic consequences. On an individual level, the causes and consequences of OSA can vary substantially between patients. In recent years, four key contributors to OSA pathogenesis or “phenotypes” have been characterized. These include a narrow, crowded, or collapsible upper airway “anatomical compromise” and “non-anatomical” contributors such as ineffective pharyngeal dilator muscle function during sleep, a low threshold for arousal to airway narrowing during sleep, and unstable control of breathing (high loop gain). Each of these phenotypes is a target for therapy. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the different contributors to OSA with a focus on measurement techniques including emerging clinical tools designed to facilitate translation of new cause-driven targeted approaches to treat OSA. The potential for some of the specific pathophysiological causes of OSA to drive some of the key symptoms and consequences of OSA is also highlighted.
A Review of Last Mile Logistics Innovations in an Externalities Cost Reduction Vision

In this paper, a review of the recent scientific literature contributions on innovative strategies for last mile logistics, focusing on externalities cost reduction, is presented. Transport is causing problems in urban areas, in particular in freight transport: modern cities need solutions to reduce externalities costs such as congestion, pollution and others, which have increased in the last few years, especially due to the growth of goods delivery. Online sales and globalization lead to new trends in freight transport, and moreover, a larger quantity of goods is expected to be delivered in the next future. In this context, most of the delivered goods end up in the city centers. Last mile logistics is the least efficient stage of the supply chain and comprises up to 28% of the total delivery cost. Therefore, the improvement of last mile logistics and a significant externalities reduction are very important challenges for researchers. New technologies and transport means, innovative techniques and organizational strategies allow handling in a more effective way the last mile delivery in urban areas. Based on the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, recent papers that significantly contributed, with original proposals, to the reduction of externalities in urban logistics are identified and analyzed in this work. Furthermore, a classification of the papers dealing with the externality reduction problem is presented. It is consistent with a general formulation proposed to evaluate external costs in urban area. The innovative contributions are classified into five main categories: innovative vehicles, proximity stations or points, collaborative and cooperative urban logistics, optimization of transport management and routing, innovations in public policies and infrastructures. The new paradigm of smart logistics is based on the combination of these concepts and on the proposed innovations.
State retention for power gated design with non-uniform multi-bit retention latches

Retention registers/latches are commonly applied to power-gated circuits for state retention during the sleep mode. Recent studies have shown that applying uniform multi-bit retention registers (MBRRs) can reduce the storage size, and hence save more chip area and leakage power compared with single-bit retention registers. In this paper, a new problem formulation of power-gated circuit optimization with nonuniform MBRRs is studied for achieving even more storage saving and higher storage utilization. An ILP-based approach is proposed to effectively explore different combinations of nonuniform MBRR replacement. Experiment results show that the proposed approach can reduce 36% storage size, compared with the state-of-the-art uniform MBRR replacement, while achieving 100% storage utilization.
Conversion of adult Nucleus® 5 cochlear implant users to the Nucleus® 6 system

Abstract Objectives Cochlear's new sound processor system (Nucleus® 6) features a new noise reduction algorithm called SNR-NR (signal-to-noise ratio), and an environmental classifier called SCAN, which activates the appropriate sound coding algorithms for a given listening environment. In addition, the sound processors (CP910 and CP920) have a data logging feature with data visually summarized using clinical programing software and come with two remote controls, CR210 and CR230. The objective of this clinical study was to conduct a field acceptance study comparing the user experience with the Nucleus® 6 to the Nucleus® 5 system and to evaluate the benefits of Nucleus® 6 in an adult population currently equipped with the previous generation Nucleus® 5 sound processor. Our primary objective was to compare speech recognition in speech-weighted noise using Nucleus® 6 with SCAN (activating SNR-NR) with the default Nucleus® 5 ‘Noise’ Program. Secondary objectives included comparisons of speech recognition in quiet, subjective performance feedback via questionnaires and diaries, and recipient preference for device and program type. Methods A prospective controlled trial was conducted with 30 adult Nucleus CI recipients using the Nucleus® 5 sound processor (condition A). The Nucleus® 6 sound processor (condition B) was evaluated in a within-subject ABBA design, with repeated speech in noise (S0N0, LIST sentence test), and speech in quiet testing (S0, NVA words). The remote controls were randomly given during the two B intervals. In addition, recipients had to complete questionnaires and diaries on the use of their current as well as new sound processors and remotes. Results The group mean speech reception threshold in noise (SRT50) with Nucleus® 6 SCAN was significantly better (1.2 dB SNR) than with the Nucleus® 5 ‘Noise’ Program. Mean speech recognition scores in quiet were not significantly different between the processors. Subjective performance feedback (APHAB) did not show a significant difference between Nucleus® 6 and Nucleus® 5 with high satisfaction scores being reported for both sound processors. Recipients preferred the SCAN program in noise and reported a clear overall preference for the Nucleus® 6 system. Clinicians were satisfied with the conversion process from Nucleus® 5 to Nucleus® 6. Discussion and conclusion SNR-NR provides a significant benefit in noise. Recipients were easily converted from Nucleus® 5 to Nucleus® 6 requiring little or no sound quality adjustment period. The Nucleus® 6 SCAN program was well accepted by the majority of recipients for use during their daily life.
Feedback Compression for Correlated Broadcast Channels

In this paper we apply predictive vector quantization (PVQ) to quantize time-correlated broadcast channels. PVQ exploits the time-correlation of the channel to reduce the quantization error of the channels, and thus to improve the sum rate of the system. PVQ predicts the actual channel based on a number of previous channels, and then quantizes the difference between the prediction and the true channel. In this paper we show how the corresponding codebooks can be designed, and we present a prediction strategy. The performance of PVQ for a broadcast system is depicted through numerical simulations.
Impact of the PROFHER trial findings on surgeons’ clinical practice

Objectives To explore whether orthopaedic surgeons have adopted the Proximal Fracture of the Humerus: Evaluation by Randomisation (PROFHER) trial results routinely into clinical practice. Methods A questionnaire was piloted with six orthopaedic surgeons using a ‘think aloud’ process. The final questionnaire contained 29 items and was distributed online to surgeon members of the British Orthopaedic Association and British Elbow and Shoulder Society. Descriptive statistics summarised the sample characteristics and fracture treatment of respondents overall, and grouped them by whether they changed practice based on PROFHER trial findings. Free-text responses were analysed qualitatively for emerging themes using Framework Analysis principles. Results There were complete responses from 265 orthopaedic and trauma surgeons who treat patients with proximal humeral fractures. Around half (137) had changed practice to various extents because of PROFHER, by operating on fewer PROFHER-eligible fractures. A third (43) of the 128 respondents who had not changed practice were already managing patients non-operatively. Those who changed practice were more likely to be younger, work in a trauma unit rather than a major trauma centre, be specialist shoulder surgeons and treat fewer PROFHER-eligible fractures surgically. This group gave higher scores when assessing validity and applicability of PROFHER. In contrast, a quarter of the non-changers were critical, sometimes emphatically, of PROFHER. The strongest theme that emerged overall was the endorsement of evidence-based practice. Conclusion PROFHER has had an impact on surgeons’ clinical practice, both through changing it, and through underpinning existing non-operative practice. Although some respondents expressed reservations about the trial, evidence from such trials was found to be the most important influence on surgeons’ decisions to change practice. Cite this article: L. Jefferson, S. Brealey, H. Handoll, A. Keding, L. Kottam, I. Sbizzera, A. Rangan. Impact of the PROFHER trial findings on surgeons’ clinical practice: An online questionnaire survey. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:590–599. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.610. BJR-2017-0170.
Idiolect-based Identity Disclosure and Authorship Attribution in Web-based Social Spaces

In this paper, we inspect new possible methods of Web surveillance combining web mining with sociolinguistic and semiotic related knowledge of human discourse. We first give an overview of telecommunication surveillance methods and systems, with focus on the Internet, and we describe the legal issues involved in Web or Internet communications investigations. We put the emphasis on identity disclosure and anonymity or pseudonymity undermining in open web spaces. Further, we give an overview of new trends in Internet mediated communication, and examine the virtual social networks they create. Finally, we present the results of a new method using the semiotic features of web documents for authorship attribution and identity disclosure.
Transferrin gene polymorphisms and population genetic studies of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Objective: To detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cod transferrin gene by comparing the sequences from Norwegian (North East Atlantic Ocean) and Canadian (North West Atlantic Ocean) specimen, and to quantify the genetic variation and differentiation in East and West Atlantic cod populations. Methods: cDNA sequences between individuals of Canadian (North West Atlantic Ocean) and Norwegian (North East Atlantic Ocean) origin were aligned. Allele frequencies of the SNPs were used to discriminate the different Atlantic cod populations in West/East Atlantic Ocean, and the Baltic Sea. Results: The sequence alignment detected 19 SNPs, of which 18 of them resulted in amino acid changes in the transferrin protein. Nonsynonymous to synonymous site substitution ratio (dn/ ds) was by far greater than 1 providing an evidence for the existence of positive selection. The West Atlantic cod populations showed high values of heterozygosity and the Baltic populations were found to be inbred. Conclusions: This study identified and indicated transferrin gene polymorphisms that can be used for population differentiations.
A moment method for invariant ensembles

We introduce a new moment method in Random Matrix Theory specifically tailored to the spectral analysis of invariant ensembles. Our method produces a classification of invariant ensembles which exhibit a spectral Law of Large Numbers and yields an explicit description of the limiting eigenvalue distribution when it exists. We discuss the future development and applications of this new moment method.
Long-Term Preservation of Mouse Spermatozoa as Frozen Testicular

We previously demonstrated that testicular spermatozoa can be preserved as frozen testicular sections, allowing us to preserve male gametes in less space than conventional methods. However, it remains unclear whether the testicular spermatozoa can be preserved for a long period using this procedure. In this study, we examined the function of testicular spermatozoa preserved as frozen testicular sections for l year at –30 or –80 C. Testicular spermatozoa were successfully retrieved from frozen testicular sections preserved at either –30 or –80 C, and their function was assessed using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Over 90% of the oocytes injected with long-term preserved testicular spermatozoa formed pronuclei, which was a frequency similar to that obtained with spermatozoa preserved for a short term, indicating that the testicular spermatozoa retained oocyte activation factor(s). Approximately 70% of the fertilized oocytes developed to 2-cell stage embryos, and 9.3 to 12.8% of the embryos developed to term after transfer into pseudopregnant females, regardless of the preservation temperatures examined. These results indicate that the birthrates of progeny did not differ between the preservation temperatures examined. They also indicate that male gametes can be preserved in testicular frozen sections for at least 1 year without loss of function.
Meiofauna and benthic microbial biomass in a semi-enclosed Mediterranean Marine system (Stagnone of Marsala, Italy)

Microbial and meiofaunal dynamics and their relationships with the biochemical composition of the sedimentary organic matter were investigated in a semi-enclosed marine system (Marsala lagoon, Western Sicily, Mediterranean Sea). Sediment samples were collected on a monthly basis from March 1996 to February 1997 in four stations located along a N–S transect characterized by different hydrodynamic regimes. Total sedimentary organic matter concentration ranged from 5.68 ± 1.11 to 156.28 ± 12.63 mg g−1, while the biopolymeric fraction of organic carbon (BPC, measured as sum of the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) accounted for only a small fraction (∼24%) of total organic matter. Total meiofaunal density was extremely low, accounting for, on annual average, 112 ± 29 ind. /10 cm−2 and largely dominated by nematodes (on annual average from 40% to 91% of total meiofaunal density). Benthic microbial density ranged from 0.22 ± 0.02 × 109 to 106.83 ± 16.77 × 109 g−1 sediment dry weight (DW). Microbial biomass ranged from 0.01 ± 0.003 to 7.04 ± 0.14 mg C g−1 sediment DW and accounted for a significant fraction of BPC at all stations (∼10%). Low chlorophyll-a concentration in the sediments of the Marsala lagoon (on annual average from 2 to 16 µg g−1 sediment DW) suggests that organic detrital and heterotrophic bacteria largely dominate the sedimentary organic matter and do not promote the transfer of carbon towards the higher trophic state.
Early intervention in psychosis

Summary Early intervention in psychosis services produce better clinical outcomes than generic teams and are also cost-effective. Clinical gains made within such services are robust as long as the interventions are actively provided. Longer-term data show that some of these gains are lost when care is transferred back to generic teams. This paper argues that sustaining these early gains requires both a reappraisal of generic services and an understanding of the active ingredients of early intervention, which can be tailored for longer input in cases with poorer outcome trajectories.