Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Orientation Toward Domestic Labor Questionnaire: Exploring Dual-Earner Wives' Sense of Fairness About Family Work

This study explored the psychometric properties of the Orientation Toward Domestic Labor Questionnaire (ODL-Q) with a sample of 622 dual-earner wives. Adequate internal consistency reliability was obtained for most of the constructs in the ODL-Q. In addition, construct validity for the ODL-Q was provided with multiple regression and discriminant analyses of the constructs' relationships to wives' sense of fairness about family work. The ODL-Q scales accounted for 57% of the variance in wives' sense of fairness. Effective communication about domestic labor (expressions of appreciation, sympathetic listening, mutual decision making) was by far the most powerful predictor and discriminator of fairness. Further validity was demonstrated in a cluster analysis identifying 3 groups of dual-earner wives suggested by A. Hochschild's (1989) qualitative study of family work. Implications for the construction of gender through domestic labor are discussed.
Towards Real-Time Detection of Freezing of Gait Using Wavelet Transform on Wireless Accelerometer Data

Injuries associated with fall incidences continue to pose a significant burden to persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) both in terms of human suffering and economic loss. Freezing of gait (FOG), which is one of the symptoms of PD, is a common cause of falls in this population. Although a significant amount of work has been performed to characterize/detect FOG using both qualitative and quantitative methods, there remains paucity of data regarding real-time detection of FOG, such as the requirements for minimum sensor nodes, sensor placement locations, and appropriate sampling period and update time. Here, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is employed to define an index for correctly identifying FOG. Since the CWT method uses both time and frequency components of a waveform in comparison to other methods utilizing only the frequency component, we hypothesized that using this method could lead to a significant improvement in the accuracy of FOG detection. We tested the proposed index on the data of 10 PD patients who experience FOG. Two hundred and thirty seven (237) FOG events were identified by the physiotherapists. The results show that the index could discriminate FOG in the anterior–posterior axis better than other two axes, and is robust to the update time variability. These results suggest that real time detection of FOG may be realized by using CWT of a single shank sensor with window size of 2 s and update time of 1 s (82.1% and 77.1% for the sensitivity and specificity, respectively). Although implicated, future studies should examine the utility of this method in real-time detection of FOG.
“How seeing helps doing, and doing allows to see more”: the process of imitation in the dance class

Our field research in five contemporary dance technique classes, observing and describing the complexity and diversity involved in the traditional “demonstration-reproduction” pedagogical relationship, has led us to reconsider the role of modeling behaviour in the dance teaching context. We have also outlined recent neuroscientific findings concerning imitation processes, which tend to point to a biological basis for interactions based on movement observation. A theoretical framework drawing on concepts from the fields of Activity Analysis and Communication allowed us to develop an original methodology in order to observe, describe and analyse human interaction in the dance class. We have identified some of the constructive aspects, as well as the weaknesses, inherent to the conventional pedagogical configuration. The present research develops a number of analytical tools which may be applied to research in dance pedagogy and stimulates further reflection on teaching-learning activities in the dance context.
Indirect measurement of poloidal rotation using inboard–outboard asymmetry of toroidal rotation and comparison with neoclassical predictions

An alternative experimental spectroscopic measurement of poloidal plasma rotation in toroidally confined plasmas is proven effective in the TCV tokamak. Charge exchange recombination measurements of the toroidal rotation profile over the full mid-plane plasma diameter are used to infer the complete bi-dimensional flow structure of the intrinsic C6+ impurity, which includes its poloidal component. For divergence free flows, the difference between the toroidal rotation frequency ft = ut/R at the inboard and outboard locations on the same flux surface is proportional to the poloidal rotation. This indirect measurement provides increased accuracy as the measured quantity ft,in − ft,out≈4qup/Raxis(q is the local safety factor) is larger than the intrinsic uncertainties of a direct spectroscopic measurement of poloidal velocity. The method is applied in a variety of TCV ohmic and electron cyclotron heated L-mode plasmas in the banana-plateau collisionality regime . In the radial range of normalized poloidal flux ρψ < 0.8, an impurity poloidal velocity of up = 0.5–2.5 km s−1 is observed, always in the electron diamagnetic drift direction. The measurements are compared with neoclassical calculations and they agree in magnitude and sign to within <1 km s−1.
Developmental changes in recognition-in-context memory.

KmASIc, KATHLEEN C. ; SIEGEL, ALEXANDER W. ; and ALLEN, GARY L. Developmental Changes in Recognition-in-Context Memory. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1980, 51, 302-305. To investigate developmental changes in recognition-in-context memory, kindergartners, fourth graders, and adults initially studied photographs of real-world scenes. Subsequently, subjects' recognition memory in the landmark-in-context condition was tested on the original scenes paired with 3 types of foils: different landmark/different context, different landmark/original context, and original landmark/different context. Subjects in the landmark-out-of-context condition were tested on landmarks extracted from original scenes paired with foils that were different isolated landmarks. Results indicated that (a) older children and adults were more accurate than kindergartners, (b) young children's difficulty in recognizing landmarks in context was not due solely to centering on landmarks exclusively, and (c) the visual encoding of landmark/context relations improves in efficiency over the course of childhood.
From shadow to person: Exploring roles in participant observations in an eldercare context

This article explores participant observation as a research method and more specifically addresses the intriguing situation of the researcher’s role in interacting with participants in the setting. The materials used in the analysis are field notes from participant observations focused on staff at two eldercare units in a mid-sized city in Sweden. Because limitations when referring to Raymond Gold’s roles of participant observations are known but sparsely described and discussed, this text attempts to provide that description and discussion. The specific question posed in the article is, (How) do roles for the researcher in participant observations change during the course of fieldwork? Randall Collins’ theory on interaction ritual chains is used as an analytical tool to identify symbols in the two staff groups. The examples chosen from the field are symbols displayed at the units, which moreover illustrate that the researcher’s roles in participant observations not only change once or twice during the course of fieldwork but also change continuously. Consequently, fieldworkers shift roles in different situations when observing a variety of people and settings. Observations are developed in the interaction between the researcher and the participants; therefore, referring observations to a number of roles is restrictive and limiting.
Control and Experiment of Pulsewidth-Modulated Modular Multilevel Converters

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the next-generation multilevel converters intended for high- or medium-voltage power conversion without transformers. The MMC is based on cascade connection of multiple bidirectional chopper-cells per leg, thus requiring voltage-balancing control of the multiple floating DC capacitors. However, no paper has made an explicit discussion on voltage-balancing control with theoretical and experimental verifications. This paper deals with two types of pulsewidth-modulated modular multilevel converters (PWM- MMCs) with focus on their circuit configurations and voltage-balancing control. Combination of averaging and balancing controls enables the PWM-MMCs to achieve voltage balancing without any external circuit. The viability of the PWM-MMCs, as well as the effectiveness of the voltage-balancing control, is confirmed by simulation and experiment.
The Down Syndrome Critical Region Regulates Retinogeniculate Refinement

Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder caused by a third chromosome 21 in humans (Trisomy 21), leading to neurological deficits and cognitive impairment. Studies in mouse models of DS suggest that cognitive deficits in the adult are associated with deficits in synaptic learning and memory mechanisms, but it is unclear whether alterations in the early wiring and refinement of neuronal circuits contribute to these deficits. Here, we show that early developmental refinement of visual circuits is perturbed in mouse models of Down syndrome. Specifically, we find excessive eye-specific segregation of retinal axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Indeed, the degree of refinement scales with defects in the “Down syndrome critical region” (DSCR) in a dose-dependent manner. We further identify Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule), a gene within the DSCR, as a regulator of eye-specific segregation of retinogeniculate projections. Although Dscam is not the sole gene in the DSCR contributing to enhanced refinement in trisomy, Dscam dosage clearly regulates cell spacing and dendritic fasciculation in a specific class of retinal ganglion cells. Thus, altered developmental refinement of visual circuits that occurs before sensory experience is likely to contribute to visual impairment in individuals with Down syndrome.
Localization of 5‐HT2A receptor mRNA by in situ hybridization in the olfactory bulb of the postnatal rat

The olfactory bulb receives a dense serotonergic input and appears to require serotonergic input in early olfactory associational learning. However, it is not known which cell types receive the serotonergic input or whether the cells express markers for the input throughout life. These issues need resolution in order for the mechanisms of serotonergic interactions to be better understood. The mRNA for the 5‐HT2A receptor was localized in the olfactory bulb of postnatal day 1, 2, 14 and 9‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats as well as in the bulb of adult (6 months) and aged (22‐30 month) Fisher 344 rats by in situ hybridization using an 35S‐labelled 5‐HT2A specific oligonucleotide probe mixture. In all animals, hybridization was observed in mitral cells which are the major output cells of the main olfactory bulb. Tufted cells, located in the external plexiform layer and juxtaglomerular region, were readily observed in adult and aged animals and were also observed, albeit not as readily, in neonate pups. Quantitative analysis of the silver grain density over cells confirmed qualitative observations and showed that mitral and tufted cells were labelled in the neonate as well as in adult and aged animals. Labelled cells were also numerous in the external division of the anterior olfactory nucleus in all animals. 5‐HT2A receptor mRNA could not be detected either qualitatively or quantitatively by in situ hybridization in the accessory olfactory bulb, nor could it be observed in the olfactory epithelium. The results suggest that the output cells of the main olfactory bulb receive serotonergic input via 5‐HT2A receptors and that the serotonergic input onto these cells could influence olfactory functioning at all postnatal ages. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical Spectrum of Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Thigh and Its Relation to Associated Injuries

The reason for the described clinical variability of acute compartment syndrome of the thigh, with high morbidity and mortality in some patients and an uncomplicated clinical course in others, is not known. To better define the clinical spectrum and factors determining the clinical course of this rare clinical entity, we did a retrospective multicenter study of 28 patients with 29 thigh compartment syndromes. The leading cause of acute thigh compartment syndrome was blunt trauma from motor vehicle accidents (46%) or contusion (39%). Pain with passive motion was present in all patients who were conscious, followed by paresthesia (60%), and paralysis (42%). The anterior compartment was involved most frequently with mean compartment pressure of 58 ± 3 mm Hg. Myonecrosis, sepsis, and need for skin grafting were observed more frequently in patients with ipsilateral femur fracture. Only 7% of patients with isolated thigh compartment syndromes had short-term complications compared with 57% of patients with ipsilateral femur fractures. The incidence of complications correlated with the time to fasciotomy. Mortality was limited to patients with high injury severity scores. The clinical spectrum of thigh compartment syndrome is comparable with that of other compartment syndromes and its clinical course is determined by its associated injuries.
Transatlantic variation in English adverb placement

Abstract This study examines the placement of an adverb with respect to a modal or perfect auxiliary in English (e.g., It might potentially escape / It potentially might escape). The data are drawn from two large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (Toronto, Canada, and York, England) and thus allow a cross-dialect perspective on linguistic and social correlates. Using quantitative sociolinguistic methods, I demonstrate similarity in the varieties, with the postauxiliary position generally strongly favored. Of particular importance is the structure of the auxiliary phrase; when a modal is followed by the perfect auxiliary (e.g., It might have escaped), the rates of preauxiliary adverb placement are considerably higher. As the variation is chiefly correlated with linguistic, rather than social factors, I apply recent proposals from Generative syntax to further understand the grammar of the phenomenon. However, the evidence suggests that the variability seen here is a result of postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, processes.
The shadows of difference: ethnicity and young children’s friendships

This paper explores the interaction of ethnicity and friendship in a kindergarten in England. Existing literature from different traditions, such as developmental psychology, sociocultural theory and postmodernism, suggests that pre-school children tend to choose friends from the same ethnic group. The research was carried out using an ethnographic approach over the period of a year. The findings indicate that the children did play largely with others of the same sex and same ethnic origin. Children’s friendships, sense of self and sense of other, it is suggested, emerged not from within but from experiences of the activities in which they did or did not engage. Hence the children’s ethnic identities and friendships were shaped by the internalisation of what they saw and heard as they engaged in the kindergarten’s activities. These led to the children’s identities being performed and internalised in particular sorts of ways that marked out the children as familiar (‘like us’) or unfamiliar (‘not like us’) to others according to their previous experiences. Thus these identity performances in relation to the activities offered seemed to be internalised and to come to affect the friendships that children formed with each other.
Identity in Flux

Study abroad is one aspect of global movement that connects individuals of diverse backgrounds. Individuals studying abroad are proffered to negotiate self-identity when they confront novelty and new contexts. This study chose to use the qualitative method of phenomenological interviews to examine how individuals experience themselves and others when abroad. Specifically, the study focused on modifications of self-identity via self-images. The results presented emotions, cognitions, and behaviors experienced by individuals during global encounters. The study indicates that individuals negotiate identity while studying abroad and modify self-images associated with personal identity (unique character traits) rather than social identity (shared traits with ingroup). The authors propose that identity among global citizens is an ongoing process that is context dependent and less stable than previously regarded.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN PELATIHAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) UPMS IV SEMARANG

: PT Pertamina (Persero) Unit Pemasaran IV merupakan BUMN yang bergerak di bidang usaha minyak dan gas bumi, serta kegiatan usaha lain yang terkait dengan tujuan profit. Kinerja karyawan merupakan salah satu ukuran yang sering dipakai dalam menentukan efektivitas organisasi. Sebuah organisasi atau perusahaan tidak akan dapat berkembang apabila kinerja karyawannya juga tidak mengalami peningkatan apalagi dengan semakin tingginya tingkat persaingan yang ada dalam dunia bisnis. Motivasi dan pelatihan kerja mempunyai pengaruh dalam peningkatan kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu kedua hal tersebut perlu diperhatikan oleh perusahaan dalam rangka peningkatan kinerja karyawannya. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh motivasi kerja dan pelatihan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT PERTAMINA (Persero) UPms IV Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan explanatory research terhadap 57 responden yang diambil dengan metode proportionate stratified random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasar hasil analisis diketahui ada pengaruh positif antara motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja, dengan koefisiensi determinasi sebesar 71,8%. Ada pengaruh positif antara pelatihan kerja terhadap kinerja, dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 63,5%. Ada pengaruh positif antara motivasi kerja dan pelatihan kerja terhadap kinerja, dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 78,6%. Semakin tinggi tingkat motivasi kerja dan pelatihan kerja maka semakin tinggi pula kinerja karyawan.
Multicultural Experience, Idea Receptiveness, and Creativity

Inspired by recent advances in creative cognition research, the authors examined in the current research some creative benefits of multicultural experiences. Study 1 showed that European American undergraduates had better creative performance immediately after being exposed to American and Chinese cultures or to a hybrid culture formed by fusing American and Chinese cultures; this effect was also observed 5 to 7 days after the initial exposure. Studies 2 and 3 showed that exposure to multicultural experiences is positively related to the likelihood of engaging in some creativity-supporting processes—generation of unconventional ideas (Study 2) and receptiveness to ideas originated from foreign cultures (Study 3). Finally, in Studies 4 and 5, the authors found that need for cognitive closure (or the need for firm answers) and existential terror significantly attenuated the positive link between multicultural experiences and receptiveness to ideas originated from foreign cultures. The authors discussed these findings’ implications on multicultural learning and creativity.
Chinese Family Research

The adoption of the open-door policy and economic reforms in China since the late 1970s have placed Chinese families, which have deep roots in traditional Chinese cultural values and Chinese socialist thoughts, under the strong influences of Western cultural values, market economy, and globalization. This article examines the puzzles intrinsic to Chinese family research and the related progress as highlighted by the articles in this special issue. Several issues regarding research paradigms in Chinese family research are identified, including quantitative versus qualitative approach, cross-sectional versus longitudinal study, simple versus complex statistical analyses, local versus comparative research, intuitive versus validated assessment tools, assessment based on single perspective versus multiple perspectives, and indigenous versus imported family concepts and theories. Finally, the question of how Chinese family research may inform public policies is discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN JORDANIAN RESORT

This paper sets out to explore the link between the style of leadership adopted by managers and the job satisfaction of their subordinates. Data were collected from 220 respondents (110 line employees and 110 managers). The findings indicated significant differences in job satisfaction based on the employees’ demographic characteristics. It was also found that the most prevalent style was democratic, but that once again style varied according to the managers’ demographic profile. While it is not possible from the data to claim a direct relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction, but neither is the data able to refute that assertion.
The Effects of Self-Questioning on Reading Comprehension: A Literature Review

The ability to monitor one's own reading comprehension is a critical skill for deriving meaning from text. Self-questioning during reading is a strategy that enables students to monitor their reading comprehension and increases their ability to learn independently. The purpose of this article was to review experimental research studies that examined the effects of self-questioning methods on school-age students’ reading comprehension and to determine the extent to which self-questioning is an evidence-based practice. This review resulted in 35 experimental research studies that involved teaching self-questioning to K–12 students with and without disabilities. Findings revealed that a variety of strategies are used to teach self-questioning to students. These self-questioning strategies are effective for improving reading comprehension performance across a range of diverse learners and across various educational settings. We provide limitations of this body of research, directions for future research, and implications for practice.