Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation and Clinical Implications of Stenosis in Coronary Blood Flow

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard to guide coronary interventions. However it can only be obtained via invasive angiography. The objective of this study is to propose a noninvasive method to determine FFRCT by combining computed tomography angiographic (CTA) images and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Utilizing the method, this study explored the effects of diameter stenosis (DS), stenosis length, and location on FFRCT. The baseline left anterior descending (LAD) model was reconstructed from CTA of a healthy porcine heart. A series of models were created by adding an idealized stenosis (with DS from 45% to 75%, stenosis length from 4 mm to 16 mm, and at 4 locations separately). Through numerical simulations, it was found that FFRCT decreased (from 0.89 to 0.74), when DS increased (from 45% to 75%). Similarly, FFRCT decreased with the increase of stenosis length and the stenosis located at proximal position had lower FFRCT than that at distal position. These findings are consistent with clinical observations. Applying the same method on two patients' CTA images yielded FFRCT close to the FFR values obtained via invasive angiography. The proposed noninvasive computation of FFRCT is promising for clinical diagnosis of CAD.
Array‐CGH in a series of 30 patients with mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations detected an interstitial 1p22.2‐p31.1 deletion in a patient with features overlapping the Goldenhar syndrome

Genosensor Array 300 (Abbott) is a multiplex platform for array‐based comparative genomic hybridization that detects unbalanced genomic aberrations including whole chromosome gains/losses, microdeletions, duplications and unbalanced subtelomeric rearrangements. A series of 30 patients with unexplained mental retardation, dysmorphic features, congenital abnormalities and normal high resolution karyotype and FISH subtelomeric studies were analyzed using Genosensor Array 300 array‐CGH. We identified a chromosomal aberration in one patient with an interstitial 1p31.1 deletion. FISH analysis with BACs specific probes of the 1p region confirmed the interstitial 1p22.2‐p31.1 deletion. The patient was a 20‐year‐old man with short stature, facial dysmorphism including asymmetry, scoliosis, severe psychomotor delay and an epibulbar dermoid cyst. The phenotype was compatible with Goldenhar syndrome despite the absence of asymmetric ears. This observation is of interest since it could be a clue in the search for the genes responsible for Goldenhar syndrome. This study demonstrates the utility of the array‐CGH technology in detecting interstitial deletions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The costs of treating COPD in the United States.

STUDY OBJECTIVES COPD affects millions of people in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe the medical resource use and costs incurred by persons with COPD in the United States in 1987. DESIGN Data for this study were derived from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. A societal perspective was adopted for this analysis. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS All persons > or = 40 years old with resource use or expenditures for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or nonspecific chronic airway obstruction were included in this study. RESULTS Mean per-person direct medical expenditures among persons with COPD were $6,469 (1987 US dollars), about 25% of which was COPD related. Approximately 68% of direct medical expenditures in persons with COPD were for inpatient hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS COPD causes a large societal burden of illness that is expected to increase. This study provides a valuable foundation and historical measure against which to compare other estimates.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in pediatric patients: an analysis of 15 confirmed consecutive cases during 14 years

Purpose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia occurs in various immunocompromised patients. Despite the prophylaxis strategies in clinical practice, certain patients develop P. jirovecii pneumonia. This study was performed to investigate pediatric cases with P. jirovecii pneumonia in a single center. Methods We identified pediatric patients younger than 19 years with microbiologically confirmed P. jirovecii pneumonia from January 2000 to February 2014. A retrospective chart review was performed. Results Fifteen episodes of P. jirovecii pneumonia in 14 patients were identified with median age of 8.3 years (range, 0.4–18.6 years). Among these patients, 11 patients had hematology-oncology diseases, 2 had primary immunodeficiency disorders (one with severe combined immunodeficiency and the other with Wiskott Aldrich syndrome), 1 had systemic lupus erythematosus and 1 received kidney transplant. Four patients were transplant recipients; 1 allogeneic and 2 autologous hematopoietic cell transplant and 1 with kidney transplant. The median absolute lymphocyte count at the diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia was 5,156 cells/mm3 (range, 20–5,111 cells/mm3). In 13 episodes (13 of 15, 86.7%), patients were not receiving prophylaxis at the onset of P. jirovecii pneumonia. For treatment, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was given as a main therapeutic agent in all 15 episodes. Steroid was given in 9 episodes (60%). Median treatment duration was 15 days (range, 4–33 days). Overall mortality at 60 days was 35.7% (5 of 14). Conclusion Majority of our patients developed P. jirovecii pneumonia while not on prophylaxis. Continuous efforts and more data are needed to identify high risk patients who may get benefit from P. jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis.
Causes and Consequences of Free-Set Goals: An Investigation of Athletic Self-Regulation

This research examined free-set goals (FS goals) reported by wrestling camp participants. FS goals are goals as stated by those who are simply asked to report personal goals within a defined context. Because goal content is free to vary and is defined by the athletes themselves, it is argued that FS goals underlie self-regulation in sport. Preseason, season, and long-term FS goals reported by wrestlers were coded for difficulty and specificity. Predictors and outcomes drawn from goal theory research were related to FS goals set for the upcoming season. Prior performance experiences predicted FS season goals, and FS season goals predicted performance outcomes collected after the wrestling season. Unique to goal theory, FS goal specificity was as strongly related to performance as was FS goal difficulty. Findings are discussed in relation to athletes’ self-regulation.
mTORC1 and mTORC2 have largely distinct functions in Purkinje cells

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cellular growth which associates with other proteins to form two multi‐protein complexes called mTORC1 and mTORC2. Dysregulation of mTORC1 signalling in brain is implicated in neuropathological conditions such as autism spectrum or neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, allosteric mTOR inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of such disorders. Here, we ablated either mTORC1 or mTORC2 conditionally in Purkinje cells of the mouse cerebellum to dissect their role in the development, function and survival of these neurons. We find that the two mouse models largely differ from each other by phenotype and cellular responses. Inactivation of mTORC2, but not of mTORC1, led to motor coordination deficits at an early age. This phenotype correlated with developmental deficits in climbing fibre elimination and impaired dendritic self‐avoidance in mTORC2‐deficient Purkinje cells. In contrast, inactivation of mTORC1, but not of mTORC2, affected social interest of the mice and caused a progressive loss of Purkinje cells due to apoptosis. This cell loss was paralleled by age‐dependent motor deficits. Comparison of mTORC1‐deficient Purkinje cells with those deficient for the mTORC1 inhibitor TSC1 revealed a striking overlap in Purkinje cell degeneration and death, which included neurofilamentopathy and reactive gliosis. Altogether, our study reveals distinct roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in Purkinje cells for mouse behaviour and the survival of neurons. Our study also highlights a convergence between the phenotypes of Purkinje cells lacking mTORC1 activity and those expressing constitutively active mTORC1 due to TSC1 deficiency.
Commitment and Community: Communes and Utopias in Sociological Perspective

Part One: The Utopian Faith * A Refuge and a Hope * Society's Maternal Bed: Idealizations of Communal Life Part Two: Lessons of the Past * Commitment: The Problem and the Theory * Live in Love and Union: Commitment Mechanisms in Nineteenth Century Communes * The Comforts of Commitment: Issues in Group Life * Away from Community Part Three: Problems of Today * Retreat from Utopia 8 They Also Serve: Communes with Missions * The Limits of Utopia * Appendix. Sample and Methodology for Study of Nineteenth Century Communes * Bibliography * Notes * Index
Investigation on the Influence of Chain Extenders on the Performance of One-Component Moisture-Curable Polyurethane Adhesives

In this work, a number of chain extended moisture-curable urethane prepolymers were synthesized in order to develop isocyanate terminated urethane prepolymer formulations that would simultaneously display both high adhesive strength and low viscosity. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Brookfield viscometry were utilized for characterizing the prepared urethane prepolymers. In addition, the adhesion strength of the cured prepolymers was determined by tensile shear strength test according to the DIN EN (Deutsches Institut für Normung, the German Institute for Standardization) 1465 standard. Especially, the role of different types of linear (butanediol, pentanediol) and branched chain extenders (dipropyleneglycol (di-PPG), tripropyleneglycol (tri-PPG) and the influence of their dosage on the degree of microphase separation between hard segments (HS) and soft segments (SS) in urethane prepolymers were studied. Furthermore, the benefits of utilizing either a one-step versus a two-step polymerization process were investigated. The results revealed that the extent of phase separation of different urethane prepolymers was dependent on the extent of hydrogen bonding interactions which was extensively studied by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The incorporation of branched chain extenders (di-PPG and tri-PPG) did not result in notable phase separation between hard segments and soft segments, while linear chain extenders (pentanediol and butanediol) readily promoted phase separation. The degree of phase separation was particularly pronounced for butanediol, and when the linear chain extender ratio was higher than or equal to 0.74. Compared with a two-stage process, one-stage process produced more randomly distributed polymer chains with highly dispersed hard segments. Thus, urethane prepolymers exhibiting strong adhesive strength with simultaneously low viscosity were successfully developed by systematic adjustment of structural parameters.
Linked Suppression in Peripheral T Cell Tolerance to the House Dust Mite Derived Allergen Der p 1

Background: Peripheral tolerance is required to maintain balance within the immune system. A feature of peripheral tolerance is linked suppression, in which tolerance induced to a single T cell epitope inhibits the response to all epitopes in the same protein. It is suggested that this phenomenon is mediated by regulatory T cells through either the activity of immunopressive cytokines or direct cell contact. In previous experiments we failed to detect inhibitory cytokines when T cells from mice rendered tolerant by intranasal delivery of the immunodominant peptide of Der p 1 (p 1, 110–131) were restimulated with peptide in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if cognate interactions between T cells mediated by Notch/Delta signaling induce and maintain peripheral T cell tolerance. Methods: Using in situ hybridization and viral mediated gene transfer, the expression and function of Delta1 were investigated in a murine model of T cell tolerance to Der p 1 in vivo. Results: Delta1 expression is increased on peripheral T cells during the induction of tolerance with high–dose peptide delivered intranasally and when tolerant animals are rechallenged under immunogenic conditions. Peptide p 1, 110–131–specific CD4+ T cells transfected with Delta1 inhibited the response of antigen–primed T cells and induced linked suppression. Conclusions: High–dose peptide delivered intranasally induces transient expression of Delta 1 on inhibitory CD4+ T cells. Ligation of the Notch1 receptor on neighbouring T cells by Delta1+ regulatory T cells inhibits clonal expansion of the former and mediates linked suppression.
A Critical Review of Theory in Social Work Journals: A Replication Study

The purpose of this paper is multifold.Key aspects discussed include exploring the extent of theory discussion and progression in social work journals for the year 2004; discussing the necessity of theory in social work research and practice; reviewing previous research literature regarding evaluation of theory discussion and progression; proposing criteria for defining theory in social work journals; and presenting findings from the current study concerning theory discussion and progression in social work journals. Results: Of the 1,168 articles reviewed from 37 journals, 71 (approximately 6%) met the criteria for theory development with empirical base. Thus, a minimal number of articles (3 out of 71 or 4.2%) evaluated, based on the criteria in the theory quality scale (Table 1), received high quality ratings. Conclusion: Based on the results yielded by the analysis, we assert that social workers need to make a conscious effort to include theory in practice decisions.
Sildenafil Prevents and Reverses Transverse-Tubule Remodeling and Ca2+ Handling Dysfunction in Right Ventricle Failure Induced by Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Right ventricular (RV) failure (RVF) is the main cause of death in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, was approved recently for treatment of PAH patients. However, the mechanisms underlying RV contractile malfunction and the benefits of sildenafil on RV function are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the following: (1) the ultrastructural and excitation-contraction coupling alterations underlying PAH-induced RVF; (2) whether the ultrastructural changes are reversible; and (3) the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of sildenafil in PAH-RVF. We used a single injection of monocrotaline in Wistar rats to induce pulmonary vascular proliferation, which led to PAH and RVF. RV myocytes displayed severe transverse (T)-tubule loss and disorganization, as well as blunted and dys-synchronous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Sildenafil prevented and reversed the monocrotaline-induced PAH and LV filling impairment. Early intervention with sildenafil prevented RV hypertrophy and the development of RVF, T-tubule remodeling, and Ca2+ handling dysfunction. Although late treatment with sildenafil did not reverse RV hypertrophy in animals with established RVF, RV systolic function was improved. Furthermore, late intervention partially reversed both the impairment of myocyte T-tubule integrity and Ca2+ handling protein and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release function in monocrotaline-treated rats. In conclusion, PAH-induced increase in RV afterload causes severe T-tubule remodeling and Ca2+ handling dysfunction in RV myocytes, leading to RV contractile failure. Sildenafil prevents and partially reverses ultrastructural, molecular, and functional remodeling of failing RV myocytes. Reversal of pathological T-tubule remodeling, although incomplete, is achievable without the regression of RV hypertrophy.
Resource Allocation in Households with Women as Chief Wage Earners

Resource theory and the human capital argument remain the dominant theoretical perspectives for understanding household choice. Yet households in which wives earn more than their husbands do not reflect either one, possibly due to the assumption in these perspectives that all resources are pooled. Two studies investigated household resource allocation. The first found that when the woman was the chief wage earner, joint pools of money were used to cover routine expenses but separate pools were also used for several reasons. The second study investigated the apparent differences in wife-as-chief-earner households and husband-as-chief-earner households and found support for the results of the first. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
The Evolution of Stylometry in Humanities Scholarship

This paper traces the historical development of the use of statistical methods in the analysis of literary style. Commencing with stylometry's early origins, the paper looks at both successful and unsuccessful applications, and at the internal struggles as statisticians search for a proven methodology. The growing power of the computer and the ready availability of machine-readable texts are transforming modern stylometry, which has now attracted the attention of the media. Stylometry's interaction with more traditional literary scholarship is also discussed
Polite Girls and Creative Boys? Students' Gender Moderates Accuracy of Teachers' Ratings of Creativity

The aim of this study was to examine whether, and to what extent, teachers are able to recognize the creativity of their students. The study measured the creative abilities, creative attitude, creative activity, as well as intrinsic motivation, intelligence, and school functioning of 589 Polish high school students, while their teachers (N = 178) rated students' creativity. The structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the accuracy of teachers' ratings of students' creativity is generally low—the latent factor of students' creativity reliably, however weakly, predicted teachers' ratings. The accuracy of teachers' ratings was moderated by gender: Only in the case of male students did the latent creativity factor reliably predict teachers' ratings. Students' school functioning emerged as a key factor positively associated with the perception of students as creative.
Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: an international consensus.

During the past several decades, there has been a steady increase in the frequency of opportunistic invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised patients. However, there is substantial controversy concerning optimal diagnostic criteria for these IFIs. Therefore, members of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group formed a consensus committee to develop standard definitions for IFIs for clinical research. On the basis of a review of literature and an international consensus, a set of research-oriented definitions for the IFIs most often seen and studied in immunocompromised patients with cancer is proposed. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible. " The definitions are intended for use in the context of clinical and/or epidemiological research, not for clinical decision making.
Enhancing the clinical relevance of psychotherapy outcome research

Despite the many studies of psychotherapy outcome, generalisation of the results of these studies to clinical practice is difficult. Psychotherapy outcome research needs to become more clinically relevant. Patients who are recruited to psychotherapy studies need to be more clinically representative of patients seen in a naturalistic setting, as opposed to belonging to a specific diagnostic group.
Intrinsic Rewards in School Crime

The systemic structure of a school provides opportunities for both prosocial and antisocial behavior. Actions in a school may be motivated by (1) the extrinsic mechanisms of discipline and grades, (2) the means-end rela tionship of school behavior to students' long-term goals, and (3) the immediate intrinsic satisfactions obtainable in different activities. This paper treats the third type, intrinsic motivation. Using previous research, the authors propose that the state of enjoyment occurs when a person is challenged at a level matched to his level of skills. According to the model, the experience of meetable challenges requires the perception of a constrained set of possible actions, clearly defined goals, and opportunities for unambiguous feedback. The system of rules in a formal game provides these prerequisites. The systemic structure of a school can also provide the conditions of enjoyable involvement. Ideally, learning should involve systemic involvement in sequences of challenges internalized by students. However, evidence indicates that such involvement is rare and is often subverted by the school itself. Without such opportunities, antisocial be havior provides an alternate framework of challenges for bored students. Disruption of classes, vandalism, and violence in schools are, in part, attempts by adolescents to obtain enjoyment in otherwise lifeless schools. Restructuring education in terms of intrinsic motivation would not only reduce school crime but would also accomplish the goal of teaching youths how to enjoy life constructively.
On selection of nonlinear gain in composite nonlinear feedback control for a class of linear systems

This paper addresses the tuning of the nonlinear function in the composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control law for single-input single-output linear systems. A new nonlinear function is proposed for the CNF control law. The parameters of the new function are not sensitive to variation of amplitude of the reference input. The parameters can be tuned automatically by solving a minimization problem. Two performance criteria, the integral of absolute-value of error (IAE) and the integral of time multiplied absolute-value of error (ITAE), are investigated. Simulation results show that both performance indexes can be used to tune the parameter, but ITAE criterion results in a smaller overshoot than IAE does. Further more, a feedforward neural network is trained to tune the parameter for double integrator systems. The well trained neural network is applied to design a CNF control law for the HDD servo system.
Features of hepatitis E virus infection in humans and animals in Japan

In Japan, hepatitis E had long been considered to be a rare liver disease which can be accidentally imported from endemic countries in Asia and Africa, where the sanitation conditions are suboptimal. However, since the identification of the first autochthonous hepatitis E case and hepatitis E viremic domestic pigs in Japan in 2001, our understanding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in this country has been changing markedly. This has largely been due to the development of serological and gene‐based diagnostic assays, the accumulation of molecular epidemiological findings on HEV infection in humans and animals (as potential reservoirs for HEV in humans) and the recognition of the importance of zoonotic food‐borne and other routes of transmission of HEV, including blood‐borne transmission. Although it is now evident that autochthonous hepatitis E in Japan is far more common than was previously thought, clinical and subclinical HEV infections indigenous to Japan remain underdiagnosed and their prevalence is still underestimated due to the presence of unknown transmission routes and a low awareness of the infection status by many physicians in Japan. This review focuses on the features of HEV infection in humans and animals, as definitive or potential reservoirs for HEV, in Japan, and updates the current knowledge on the routes of transmission, including zoonotic routes, which are important for the maintenance and spread of HEV in Japan.