Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual and Class Norms Differentially Predict Proactive and Reactive Aggression: A Functional Analysis

Theory and research using a social-information processing framework indicate that reward-focused (proactive) aggression has different social consequences than defense-focused (reactive) aggression. Students use norms that identify expected and socially approved behaviors as guides to their own actions. Differences in social-cognitive processing characteristics and social status linked to each type of aggression may increase the relevance of some normative sources relative to others. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining the contributions of personal beliefs, classroom beliefs, and classroom rates of aggression to future proactive and reactive aggression. During fall and spring, we observed students’ aggression on school playgrounds using a random subsample (n = 254) of consented students from 35 classrooms (Grades 3–6). We calculated classroom rates of proactive and reactive aggression from fall observations. Classroom means for beliefs endorsing retaliation were calculated from surveys of 536 students. Results of multilevel analyses revealed, as hypothesized, that personal beliefs predicted high rates of students’ proactive aggression, but not reactive aggression. Classroom beliefs predicted high rates of students’ reactive but not proactive aggression. Students in classrooms with high rates of fall proactive aggression showed low spring rates of both types of aggression. In contrast, students in classrooms with high rates of fall reactive aggression displayed high spring rates of proactive and reactive aggression. The latter pattern may represent classrooms in which students continue to struggle against status inequities. The discussion examines how inequities may impact intervention efforts.
Evaluating Students' Beliefs in Problem Solving Process: A Case Study.

Background:Problem solving is not simply a process that ends when an answer is found; it is a scientific process that evolves from understanding the problem to evaluating the solution. This process is affected by several factors. Among these, one of the most substantial is belief. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beliefs of high school students according to their explanations in the problem solving process.Materials and methods:A case study was carried out with five students. Each of the students’ problem solving processes was examined by means of clinical interviews and three problems were presented to the students.Results:The results illustrate that the students who thought problem solving should be a short process and that they could address it by memorization of rules also believed that problem solving is difficult.Conclusions:This study concludes that not only beliefs affect the problem solving process, but also personal factors such as life experiences.
Multi‐object spectroscopy of the field surrounding PKS 2126−158: discovery of a z= 0.66 galaxy group

The high-redshift radio-loud quasar PKS 2126−158 is found to have a large number of red galaxies in close apparent proximity. We use the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South to obtain optical spectra for a large fraction of these sources. We show that there is a group of galaxies at z ∼ 0.66, coincident with a metal-line absorption system seen in the quasar’s optical spectrum. The multiplexing capabilities of GMOS also allow us to measure redshifts of many foreground galaxies in the field surrounding the quasar. The galaxy group has five confirmed members, and a further four fainter galaxies are possibly associated. All confirmed members exhibit early-type galaxy spectra, a rare situation for a Mg II absorbing system. We discuss the relationship of this group to the absorbing gas, and the possibility of gravitational lensing of the quasar due to the intervening galaxies.
Information Directed Sampling and Bandits with Heteroscedastic Noise

In the stochastic bandit problem, the goal is to maximize an unknown function via a sequence of noisy function evaluations. Typically, the observation noise is assumed to be independent of the evaluation point and satisfies a tail bound taken uniformly on the domain. In this work, we consider the setting of heteroscedastic noise, that is, we explicitly allow the noise distribution to depend on the evaluation point. We show that this leads to new trade-offs for information and regret, which are not taken into account by existing approaches like upper confidence bound algorithms (UCB) or Thompson Sampling. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a frequentist regret framework, that is similar to the Bayesian analysis of Russo and Van Roy (2014). We prove a new high-probability regret bound for general, possibly randomized policies, depending on a quantity we call the regret-information ratio. From this bound, we define a frequentist version of Information Directed Sampling (IDS) to minimize a surrogate of the regret-information ratio over all possible action sampling distributions. In order to construct the surrogate function, we generalize known concentration inequalities for least squares regression in separable Hilbert spaces to the case of heteroscedastic noise. This allows us to formulate several variants of IDS for linear and reproducing kernel Hilbert space response functions, yielding a family of novel algorithms for Bayesian optimization. We also provide frequentist regret bounds, which in the homoscedastic case are comparable to existing bounds for UCB, but can be much better when the noise is heteroscedastic. Finally, we empirically demonstrate in a linear setting, that some of our methods can outperform UCB and Thompson Sampling, even when the noise is homoscedastic.
FQAM/FPSK modulation for spatial modulation systems

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a recently developed transmit technique, and it has attracted wide interests for it gains higher transmit rate than single-input-single-output (SISO) system and provides simpler transceiver structure and lower power consumption compared with traditional MIMO system. In this paper, we propose the spatial modulation systems with frequency and quadrature amplitude modulation (FQAM)/frequency and phase shift keying (FPSK), which combine frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)/phase shift keying (PSK). Simulation results show that the proposed scheme (i.e. FQAM/FPSK-SM) achieves significantly better bit error performance (BER) than traditional SM system and FQAM/FPSK system using maximum likelihood (ML) detector, and it can assign information flexibly among the constellation modulation, the index of the active antenna and the index of the active frequency. We also compare and analyze system performance and complexity of optimal detector and sub-optimal detector.
Insights in Fungal Bioprospecting in Mexico

Abstract Fungi have consistently been one of the richest sources of natural products, with unprecedented chemical scaffolds and potent biological activities. During the last 20 years, pharmacognosy researchers in Mexico, in collaboration with mycologists, have discovered many novel bioactive fungi natural products and new fungal species. To date, more than 100 bioactive secondary metabolites from 20 fungi from different ecosystems throughout Mexico have been documented in peer-reviewed literature according to Scopus and SciFinder databases. These include compounds from different biosynthetic origins and structural cores with the potential for the development of anticancer, antidiabetic, and/or pesticide agents.
Limited-Delay Coding of Individual Sequences with Piecewise Different Behavior

Limited delay lossy coding schemes are considered for individual sequences. We address the problem of tracking the best code (from a given reference class) which is adaptively matched to the source sequence with piecewise different behavior. A general randomized algorithm is presented which can perform, on any source sequence, asymptotically as well as the best combined coding scheme matched to the sequence that is allowed to change the employed code (from a finite reference class of limited delay codes) several times during the coding procedure. In particular, a low complexity algorithm is presented for the special case where the reference class is the set of scalar quantizers.
Algebra for quantum fields

We give an account of the current state of the approch to quantum field theory via Hopf algebras and Hochschild cohomology. We emphasize the versatility and mathematical foundation of this algebraic structure, and collect algebraic structures here in one place which are either scattered over the literature, or only implicit in previous writings. In particular we point out mathematical structures which can be helpful to farther develop our mathematical understanding of quantum fields.
The Work/Nonwork Spillover: The Enrichment Role of Work Engagement

This study examines whether work engagement enriches employees beyond the contribution of the domain of work, focusing on satisfaction with life and community involvement. Moreover, the ambivalence of scholars about the added value of the work engagement concept compared with similar work-related attitudes prompted us to assess the benefits that work engagement offers with regard to improving one’s satisfaction with life and community involvement compared with the benefits of other, similar work-related attitudes such as job involvement and job satisfaction. Furthermore, given the studies indicating the impact of sector of employment (public vs. business) on understanding the work/nonwork nexus, the current study also investigates the effect of the sector of employment on this enrichment process. Utilizing multilevel modeling analysis techniques on data from 554 employees in public and business sector organizations, we obtained results consistent with our hypotheses. Work engagement and employees’ outcomes beyond work had positive and significant relationships. Moreover, the relationship between work engagement and community involvement was stronger in public sector employees than in business sector employees. The implications for organizational theory, research, and practice are discussed as possible leverage points for creating conditions that promote engagement at work and beyond.
SHEEP, GOATS, LAMBS and WOLVES A Statistical Analysis of Speaker Performance in the NIST 1998 Speaker Recognition Evaluation

Performance variability in speech and speaker recognition systems can be attributed to many factors. One major factor, which is often acknowledged but seldom analyzed, is inherent differences in the recognizability of different speakers. In speaker recognition systems such differences are characterized by the use of animal names for different types of speakers, including sheep , goats , lambs and wolves , depending on their behavior with respect to automatic recognition systems. In this paper we propose statistical tests for the existence of these animals and apply these tests to hunt for such animals using results from the 1998 NIST speaker recognition evaluation.
The EU and the Recycling of Colonialism: Formation of Europeans through intercultural dialogue

The present essay focuses on problematizing the European Union's claim that intercultural dialogue constitutes an advocated method of talking through cultural boundaries—inside as well as outside the classroom—based on mutual empathy and non‐domination. More precisely, the aim is to analyze who is being constructed as counterparts of the intercultural dialogue through the discourse produced by the EU in policies on education, culture and intercultural dialogue. Within the Union, Europeans are portrayed as having an a priori historical existence, while the ones excluded from this notion are evoked to demonstrate its difference in comparison to the European one. The results show that subjects not considered as Europeans serve as markers of the multicultural present of the space. Thus, intercultural dialogue seems to consolidate differences between European and Other—the ‘We’ and ‘Them’ in the dialogue—rather than, as in line with its purpose, bringing subjects together.
CloudETL: Scalable Dimensional ETL for Hadoop and Hive

Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) programs process data from s urces into data warehouses (DWs). Due to the rapid growth of data volumes, there is an increasin g demand for systems that can scale on demand. Recently, much attention has been given to MapReducewhich is a framework for highly parallel handling of massive data sets in cloud environment s. The MapReduce-based Hive has been proposed as a DBMS-like system for DWs and provides good and s calable analytical features. It is, however, still challenging to do proper dimensional ETL pro cessing with Hive; for example, UPDATEs are not supported which makes handling of slowly changing di mensions (SCDs) very difficult. To remedy this, we here present the cloud-enabled ETL framewor k CloudETL. CloudETL uses the opensource MapReduce implementation Hadoopto parallelize the ETL execution and to process data into Hive. The user defines the ETL process by means of high-level c onstructs and transformations and does not have to worry about the technical details of MapReduce. C loudETL provides built-in support for different dimensional concepts, including star schemas, s nowflake schemas, and SCDs. In the report, we present how CloudETL works. We present different perform ance optimizations including a purposespecific data placement policy for Hadoop to c -locatedata. Further, we present a performance study using realistic data amounts and compare with other cloud-e nabl d systems. The results show that CloudETL has good scalability and outperforms the dimensio nal ETL capabilities of Hive both with respect to performance and programmer productivity.
Integrative analysis of BSG expression in NPC through immunohistochemistry and public high-throughput gene expression data.

BACKGROUND Though basigin (BSG) was reported to be overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and correlate with the development of NPC, the molecular basis of BSG in NPC remained elusive. The aim of the research was to investigate BSG expression in NPC and the potential molecular mechanism underlying it. MATERIALS AND METHODS BSG expression in NPC tissues was detected with immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test were performed to examine the relationship between BSG expression and the clinico-pathological features as well as EGFR and P-53 expression in NPC. In addition, data from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and oncomine were collected to validate BSG expression in NPC. Meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between BSG expression and the clinico-pathological variables of NPC. The prognostic value and the alteration of BSG gene status were also analyzed with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS BSG presented notably higher expression in NPC tissues than in non-cancer tissues. Moreover, IHC results showed that BSG expression was significantly correlated with tumor progression. A positive correlation was also found between BSG expression and EGFR, P53 expression. Meta-analysis confirmed that BSG was indicative of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in NPC. Additionally, data from cBioPortal indicated that alteration of BSG gene existed in 5% of NPC cases and BSG correlative genes were obtained from the Co-expression Analysis in TCGA. CONCLUSION BSG was overexpressed in NPC and might have an oncogenic effect on the tumorigenesis and progression of NPC.
Glycated Albumin Is a More Useful Glycation Index than HbA1c for Reflecting Renal Tubulopathy in Subjects with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease

Background The aim of this study was to investigate which glycemic parameters better reflect urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) abnormality, a marker for renal tubulopathy, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects with normoalbuminuria and a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods We classified 1,061 participants with T2DM into two groups according to uNAG level—normal vs. high (>5.8 U/g creatinine)—and measured their biochemical parameters. Results Subjects with high uNAG level had significantly higher levels of fasting and stimulated glucose, glycated albumin (GA), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lower levels of homeostasis model assessment of β-cell compared with subjects with normal uNAG level. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that uNAG was significantly associated with GA (standardized β coefficient [β]=0.213, P=0.016), but not with HbA1c (β=−0.137, P=0.096) or stimulated glucose (β=0.095, P=0.140) after adjusting confounding factors. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the value of the area under the curve (AUC) for renal tubular injury of GA was significantly higher (AUC=0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.646 to 0.899) than those for HbA1c (AUC=0.598; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.640), stimulated glucose (AUC=0.594; 95% CI, 0.552 to 0.636), or fasting glucose (AUC=0.558; 95% CI, 0.515 to 0.600). The optimal GA cutoff point for renal tubular damage was 17.55% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 62%). Conclusion GA is a more useful glycation index than HbA1c for reflecting renal tubulopathy in subjects with T2DM with normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR.
Evaluation of Internal Reference Genes for Quantitative Expression Analysis by Real-Time PCR in Ovine Whole Blood

The use of reference genes is commonly accepted as the most reliable approach to normalize qRT-PCR and to reduce possible errors in the quantification of gene expression. The most suitable reference genes in sheep have been identified for a restricted range of tissues, but no specific data on whole blood are available. The aim of this study was to identify a set of reference genes for normalizing qRT-PCR from ovine whole blood. We designed 11 PCR assays for commonly employed reference genes belonging to various functional classes and then determined their expression stability in whole blood samples from control and disease-stressed sheep. SDHA and YWHAZ were considered the most suitable internal controls as they were stably expressed regardless of disease status according to both geNorm and NormFinder software; furthermore, geNorm indicated SDHA/HPRT, YWHAZ/GAPDH and SDHA/YWHAZ as the best reference gene combinations in control, disease-stressed and combined sheep groups, respectively. Our study provides a validated panel of optimal control genes which may be useful for the identification of genes differentially expressed by qRT-PCR in a readily accessible tissue, with potential for discovering new physiological and disease markers and as a tool to improve production traits (e.g., by identifying expression Quantitative Trait Loci). An additional outcome of the study is a set of intron-spanning primer sequences suitable for gene expression experiments employing SYBR Green chemistry on other ovine tissues and cells.
Maximal function estimates of solutions to general dispersive partial differential equations

Let u(X, t) = (SQf)(x, t) be the solution of the general dispersive initial value problem: Ot uiQ (D) u--O, u(x, O) = f (x), (X, t) EE Rn X R and S* f the global maximal operator of SQf. Sharp weighted LP-esimates for SQ*f with f E H (RTn) are given for general phase functions Q.
Repeat Victimisation, Retraumatisation and Victim Vulnerability

This study explores the contribution that traumatic experiences and psychological post-traumatic stress symptoms make to predicting subsequent revictimisation in a sample of violent crime victims. In addition, the timing of first trauma exposure was also explored. Fifty-four adult victims (27 male and 27 female) of police recorded violent crime were interviewed and their traumatic exposure history, trauma symptomology, age at first trauma exposure as well as psychological and psychosocial functioning were assessed. These victims were followed longitudinally and subsequent revictimisation between six and twelve months post index victimisation measured. A greater number of types of trauma exposure was related lower emotional stability, higher trauma symptomology and revictimisation. Those victims with childhood traumatic exposure reported more trauma symptomology exposure than those without prior exposure. The implications for law enforcement and victim services are discussed.
An Interactive Map of Semantic Web Ontology Usage

Publishing information on the Semantic Web using common formats enables data to be linked together, integrated and reused. In order to fully leverage the potential for interlinking data by reusing existing schemas, an intuitive way of viewing current usage of RDF vocabularies is required. We present a system which allows a user to view the most frequently occurring name spaces and classes in a large Semantic Web dataset, and the main linkage patterns that exist between them. Users can select a namespace of interest in order to examine usage of a particular ontology, and see how it is being combined with other vocabularies.
The effect of a hybrid assistive limb® on sit-to-stand and standing patterns of stroke patients

[Purpose] The Hybrid Assistive Limb® (HAL®) robot suit is a powered exoskeleton that can assist a user’s lower limb movement. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of HAL® in stroke rehabilitation, focusing on the change of the sit-to-stand (STS) movement pattern and standing posture. [Subjects and Methods] Five stroke patients participated in this study. Single leg HAL® was attached to each subject’s paretic lower limb. The subjects performed STS three times both with and without HAL® use. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to assess the STS movement pattern. Forward-tilt angle (FTA) and the time required for STS were measured with and without HAL® use. Surface electromyography (EMG) of STS and standing were recorded to assess the vastus medialis muscle activities of the paretic limb. [Results] The average FTA without HAL® use was 35° and it improved to 43° with HAL® use. The time required for STS was longer for all subjects with HAL® use (without HAL® use: 3.42 s, with HAL® use: 5.11 s). The integrated EMGs of HAL® use compared to those without HAL®, were 83.6% and 66.3% for STS and standing, respectively. [Conclusion] HAL® may be effective in improving STS and standing patterns of stroke patients.
Technological self-efficacy among school leaders in Oman: A preliminary study

Abstract There is more need today for school leaders to be up-to-date with technology and its various uses in education. Enhancing self-efficacy in the use of technologyis an expected role of educational leadership preparation programmes. This study investigated technological self-efficacy of a group of educators in leadership positions while participating in a leadership preparation programme at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. The findings show that these educators had high technological self-efficacy. There were also significant, positive relationships between technological self-efficacy variables, academic achievement and age. Age was negatively correlated with general learning self-efficacy and also with one indicator of academic achievement. In the qualitative analysis, the study used the framework of the Theory of Margin (TM) to identify the factors affecting technology self-efficacy. Results indicate that, while participants with a high power-load margin (PLM) reported a higher number of internal and external powers, those with a lower PLM reported a higher number of internal and external loads.