Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parsing the role of NADPH oxidase enzymes and reactive oxygen species in heart failure.

Oxidative stress, resulting from increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reduced antioxidant defences, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease pathophysiology for over 2 decades. Based on the concept that this drives both the genesis and progression of conditions such as heart failure, numerous clinical trials of antioxidant therapies were undertaken but were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, experimental data linking oxidative stress and heart disease remain compelling and support continued efforts to develop more effective therapies than antioxidant vitamins.1 In the current issue of Circulation , Zhao et al . 2 report that cardiomyocyte-specific high-level overexpression of the ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) aggravated angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling and was mitigated by a small molecule Nox inhibitor. The authors propose that Nox4 inhibition may have therapeutic potential to treat cardiac remodeling. Is this proposal reasonable and how should such studies be interpreted within a pathophysiological framework for the roles of ROS in heart failure?
The role of trust in the perception of the quality of local food products: with particular reference to direct relationships between producer and consumer

Cette recherche s’interesse a la perception de la qualite des produits alimentaires a travers les relations directes entre producteurs et consommateurs. Elle s’efforce d’apporter un eclairage sur la maniere dont se construisent ou se reconstruisent les liens de proximite entre ces acteurs parallelement a un systeme de commercialisation plus classique. Elle a plus precisement pour ambition d’etudier l’influence des relations directes entre un producteur et un consommateur sur la maniere dont ce dernier percoit la qualite des produits alimentaires. Pour repondre a ce questionnement nous avons choisi deux terrains differents en fonction de la nature des relations developpees : la vente directe de viande de bœuf apparue suite a la crise de la vache folle et l’animation commerciale par des eleveurs de volaille dans les grandes surfaces. Les resultats tendent a montrer d’une part que la dimension relationnelle prend une part effective dans le processus de qualification des produits alimentaires et d’autre part que l’influence qu’elle exerce est tres etroitement liee a la nature de la confiance etablie entre les acteurs concernes.
Take five? Examining the impact of microbreak duration, activities, and appraisals on human energy and performance

TAKE FIVE? EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF MICROBREAK DURATION, ACTIVITIES, AND APPRAISALS ON HUMAN ENERGY AND PERFORMANCE By Andrew A. Bennett, M.A. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Co-Director: Dr. S. Douglas Pugh, Associate Professor of Management Co-Director: Dr. Allison S. Gabriel, Assistant Professor of Management Employees in many occupations deplete cognitive resources of attention and energy (Dodge, 1913; Kahneman, 1973), impacting performance on subsequent work tasks (Dalal, Bhave, & Fiset, 2014). Individuals spend upwards of 10% of formal work time taking a break completing non-work tasks (Esteves, 2013; McGehee & Owen, 1940) in an effort to replenish these resources (Fritz, Lam, & Spritzer, 2011; Kim et al., 2014). This study used a randomized controlled experiment to answer three questions that are new contributions to the literature. First, I explored if engaging in a specific activity (watching a funny video, meditating, or completing a different work task) during the microbreak helped induce recovery processes. Second, I questioned if an individual’s appraisal (psychological detachment, relaxation, and enjoyment) of the break impacted outcomes in addition to, or potentially more than, engaging in a break activity. Third, I investigated if the time duration (1-minute, 5-minute, or 9-minute) of the microbreak impacted outcomes. Results show that taking any break between work tasks allowed individuals to feel less fatigued, more energized, and more attentive. Surprisingly, in many instances a 1-minute break was just as effective as taking a longer break of 5 or 9 minutes, and for these shorter break periods, engaging in a different work task for a short period rather than disengaging from work was the best at improving attention. In addition, to increase feeling energized at work, appraising the break as being enjoyable was more important than the actual break activity. Combined, this study has both an academic and practical impact, finding that just like with work that depletes physical resources, short breaks also benefit employees engaging in work that depleted cognitive resources.
Postconflict Behaviour in Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)

Postconflict affiliation has been mostly studied in Old World primates, and we still lack comparative research to understand completely the functional value of reconciliation. Cebus species display great variability in social characteristics, thereby providing a great opportunity for comparative studies. We recorded 190 agonistic interactions and subsequent postconflict behaviour in a captive group of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Only 26.8% of these conflicts were reconciled. Reconciliation was more likely to occur between opponents that supported each other more frequently and that spent more time together. Postconflict anxiety was mostly determined by conflict intensity, and none of the variables thought to measure relationship quality had a significant effect on postconflict stress.
Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents: a population-based study.

CONTEXT To our knowledge, no population study examining psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents exists. OBJECTIVE To study cross-sectional associations between cyberbullying and psychiatric and psychosomatic problems among adolescents. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS The sample consists of 2215 Finnish adolescents aged 13 to 16 years with complete information about cyberbullying and cybervictimization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reports of cyberbullying and cybervictimization during the past 6 months. RESULTS In the total sample, 4.8% were cybervictims only, 7.4% were cyberbullies only, and 5.4% were cyberbully-victims. Cybervictim-only status was associated with living in a family with other than 2 biological parents, perceived difficulties, emotional and peer problems, headache, recurrent abdominal pain, sleeping difficulties, and not feeling safe at school. Cyberbully-only status was associated with perceived difficulties, hyperactivity, conduct problems, low prosocial behavior, frequent smoking and drunkenness, headache, and not feeling safe at school. Cyberbully-victim status was associated with all of these risk factors. Among cybervictims, being cyberbullied by a same-sex or opposite-sex adult, by an unknown person, and by a group of people were associated with fear for safety, indicating possible trauma. CONCLUSIONS Both cyberbullying and cybervictimization are associated with psychiatric and psychosomatic problems. The most troubled are those who are both cyberbullies and cybervictims. This indicates the need for new strategies for cyberbullying prevention and intervention.
Sex differences in amygdala activation during the perception of facial affect

The cognitive and affective systems of the cerebral cortex are often more lateralized in males than females, but it is unclear whether these differences extend to subcortical systems. We used fMRI to examine sex differences in lateralized amygdala activity during happy and fearful face perception. Amygdala activation differed for men and women depending on the valence of the expression. Overall, males were more lateralized than females, but the direction differed between valence conditions. Happy faces produced greater right than left amygdala activation for males but not females. Both sexes showed greater left amygdala activation for fearful faces. These findings suggest that the lateralization of affective function may extend beyond the cortex to subcortical regions such as the amygdala.
Cognitive Cooperative Random Access for Multicast: Stability and Throughput Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the queue stability and throughput of a two-user cognitive radio system with multicast traffic. We study the impact of network-level cooperation, in which one of the nodes can relay the packets of the other user that are not received at the destinations. Under this approach, if a packet transmitted by the primary user is not successfully received by the destination set but is captured by the secondary source, then the secondary user assumes responsibility for completing the transmission of the packet; therefore, the primary releases it from its queue, enabling it to process the next packet. We demonstrate that the stability and throughput regions of this cooperative approach is larger than that of the noncooperative approach, which translates into a benefit for both users of this multicast system. Our system model allows for the possibility of multipacket reception (MPR), and the optimal transmission strategies for different levels of MPR capability are observed in our numerical results. In addition to achieving a larger stability region, our results show that cooperation can result in reduced average delay for both primary and secondary users.
Tracking People and Their Objects

Current pedestrian tracking approaches ignore important aspects of human behavior. Humans are not moving independently, but they closely interact with their environment, which includes not only other persons, but also different scene objects. Typical everyday scenarios include people moving in groups, pushing child strollers, or pulling luggage. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach for classifying such person-object interactions, associating objects to persons, and predicting how the interaction will most likely continue. Our approach relies on stereo depth information in order to track all scene objects in 3D, while simultaneously building up their 3D shape models. These models and their relative spatial arrangement are then fed into a probabilistic graphical model which jointly infers pairwise interactions and object classes. The inferred interactions can then be used to support tracking by recovering lost object tracks. We evaluate our approach on a novel dataset containing more than 15,000 frames of person-object interactions in 325 video sequences and demonstrate good performance in challenging real-world scenarios.
A interpretação de pistas prosódicas na aposição de atributos em sentenças ambíguas do PB

With the aim to investigate the prosodic cues influences in theinterpretation of ambiguous sentences that present a NP1 – VP –NP2 – ATTRIBUTE structure, as in “O pai visitou o filho embriagado”(“The drunk father visited the son” / “The father visited the drunk son”),some tests were applied to four subjects of an earlier experimentwhere they were invited to reinterpret their own reading aloud. Thesesubjects were also invited to produce another reading aloud, nowgiving explicit prosodic cues to indicate the attribute apposition – tothe NP1 or to the NP2. The attribute apposition of the earlier readingaloud and this re-reading were interpreted by other groups of subjects.We present here the results and analyses of this experiment.
Contributions of HIV-1 Nef to immune dysregulation in HIV-infected patients: a therapeutic target?

Introduction: HIV accessory protein Nef is a factor responsible for many of the viral pathogenic effects. Progression to AIDS is dramatically delayed and in some well-documented cases completely abolished on infection with naturally occurring HIV strains lacking intact nef sequences in their genomes. The topic of this review is the contribution of Nef to the immune pathology as a possible target in HIV-infected patients. Areas covered: An overview of known Nef functions accounting for its role in pathogenesis is presented, emphasizing interactions with dendritic cells and macrophages, and Nef-induced exosome secretion, all involved in immune dysregulation during the course of HIV infection. Current approaches to Nef inhibition by different classes of compounds are reviewed. Expert opinion: Blocking Nef for therapeutic purposes is a challenging endeavor mainly due to intrinsic properties of this HIV accessory protein. Nef has multiple interfaces to interact with host proteins and lacks a catalytic domain. Potential benefits arising from the development of successful inhibitors could however prove beneficial for reducing gradual deterioration of immune system in chronically infected patients in absence of functional cure.
Appraisals of education-related goals during educational transitions in late adolescence : consequences for academic well-being and goal attainment

Vasalampi, Kati Appraisals of Education-Related Goals During Educational Transitions in Late Adolescence: Consequences for Academic Well-Being and Goal Attainment Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2012, 65 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research ISSN 0075-4625; 445) ISBN 978-951-39-4852-8 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4853-5 (PDF) Diss. Finnish summary This dissertation examined the role of education-related goal appraisals and academic well-being in educational transitions during late adolescence. The thesis had four aims, which were to examine: 1) the role of educational transitions in adolescents’ goal appraisals; 2) the extent to which goal appraisals are related to adolescents’ success in their educational transitions; 3) how goal appraisals are related to individuals’ academic well-being; and 4) the role of academic well-being in educational transitions. Two different data sets were used. The first data set consisted of two samples from the FinEdu study. Sample 1 consisted of 606 adolescents who were surveyed three times: at the beginning and at the end of the final semester of comprehensive school, and one year after the transition to the post-comprehensive education. Sample 2 consisted of 614 general upper secondary school students who were surveyed three times: in the second and in the third grade of general upper secondary school, and one year later. The second data set was part of the Entrance into University study, in which 280 young adults were examined during their entrance examination period in qualifying for university. The results of the present thesis suggest that when adolescents end up in a mode of education that is congruent with their academic competencies and interests, their autonomous motivation (i.e., goals set according to one’s own internal needs) for goal pursuit and goal progress increase, whereas controlled motivation (i.e., goals set according to external determination) decreases. Autonomous motivation is important in educational transitions because it facilitates progress toward goal attainment, particularly since autonomous motivation helps an individual to invest effort in the goal, which in turn increases progress toward the goal. Goal progress is an important factor in educational transitions in two ways: First, it is associated with the success in challenging educational transitions. Second, it is related to high selfesteem and academic well-being, which in turn contribute to success in the later educational trajectory.
Resident Perceptions of a Controversial Annual Event

A survey of 880 residents revealed diverse attitudes toward Gold Coast Schoolies Week, an annual high school-leaver celebration characterized by partying and drinking. ‘Conditional supporters’ (33%) or ‘conditional opponents’ (34%) provided complex assessments of costs and benefits, as per social exchange theory, that include considerations of ‘noncosts’ and ‘nonbenefits’. With regard to social representations, ‘opponents’ (18%) are more likely to be influenced by mass media, social circles and negative personal exposure, whilst ‘supporters’ (15%) are more likely to rely on their own and their children’s schoolie experience. Balanced media coverage is one means for improving resident perceptions.
Relationship of Near-Crash/Crash Risk to Time Spent on a Cell Phone While Driving

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine in a naturalistic driving setting the dose–response relationship between cell phone usage while driving and risk of a crash or near crash. How is the increasing use of cell phones by drivers associated with overall near-crash/crash risk (i.e., during driving times both on and off the phone)? Methods: Day-to-day driving behavior of 105 volunteer subjects was monitored over a period of 1 year. A random sample was selected comprised of 4 trips from each month that each driver was in the study, and in-vehicle video was used to classify driver behavior. The proportion of driving time spent using a cell phone was estimated for each 3-month period and correlated with overall crash and near-crash rates for each period. Thus, it was possible to test whether changes in an individual driver's cell phone use over time were associated with changes in overall near-crash/crash risk. Results: Drivers in the study spent 11.7% of their driving time interacting with a cell phone, primarily talking on the phone (6.5%) or simply holding the phone in their hand or lap (3.7%). The risk of a near-crash/crash event was approximately 17% higher when the driver was interacting with a cell phone, due primarily to actions of reaching for/answering/dialing, which nearly triples risk (relative risk = 2.84). However, the amount of driving time spent interacting with a cell phone did not affect a driver's overall near-crash/crash risk. Vehicle speeds within 6 s of the beginning of each call on average were 5–6 mph lower than speeds at other times. Conclusions: Results of this naturalistic driving study are consistent with the observation that increasing cell phone use in the general driving population has not led to increased crash rates. Although cell phone use can be distracting and crashes have occurred during this distraction, overall crash rates appear unaffected by changes in the rate of cell phone use, even for individual drivers. Drivers compensate somewhat for the distraction by conducting some of the more demanding tasks, such as reaching for or dialing a cell phone, at lower speeds. It is also possible that cell phones and other electronic devices in cars are changing how drivers manage their attention to various tasks and/or changing the kinds of secondary tasks in which they engage.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Ctenoptilum vasava (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) and Its Phylogenetic Implication

We here report the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of a skipper, Ctenoptilum vasava Moore, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae). The mt genome of the skipper is a circular molecule of 15,468 bp, containing 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 24 putative transfer RNA (tRNA), genes including an extra copy of trnS (AGN) and a tRNA-like insertion trnL (UUR), 13 protein-coding genes and an AT-rich region. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons and terminated by the typical stop codon TAA or TAG, except for COII which ends with a single T. The intergenic spacer sequence between trnS (AGN) and ND1 genes also contains the ATACTAA motif. The AT-rich region of 429 bp is comprised of nonrepetitive sequences, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 19 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)3 (TA)9 element next to the ATTTA motif, an 11 bp poly-A adjacent to tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses (ML and BI methods) showed that Papilionoidea is not a natural group, and Hesperioidea is placed within the Papilionoidea as a sister to ((Pieridae + Lycaenidae) + Nymphalidae) while Papilionoidae is paraphyletic to Hesperioidea. This result is remarkably different from the traditional view where Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea are considered as two distinct superfamilies.
Identification and Measurement of Work-Related Psychological Injury: Piloting the Psychological Injury Risk Indicator Among Frontline Police

Objective: To develop a self-report measure of work-related psychological injury, the Psychological Injury Risk Indicator (PIRI), with a comparable level of accuracy and reliability to individual clinical assessment by a skilled clinical psychologist. Method: Two pilot studies investigated the responses of a) 34 frontline police officers completing the PIRI measure who were also examined by a highly experienced clinical psychologist and b) 217 officers who completed the PIRI measure and also the General Health Questionnaire 12 measure. Results: The PIRI scale identified both the presence and the level of psychological injury in the clinical group with a remarkably high level of correspondence to concurrent clinical assessment (r = 0.80). Significance: The PIRI scale can be used both for the individual assessment of psychological injury and as a potential online screening tool. Its latter use is that it could enable the early identification of evolving psychological injury among workers, facilitating timely and career-preserving intervention.
Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (H-GPI) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), from a UK health service perspective. Design Cost-utility analysis with life-long time horizon. Main outcome measures Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness. Methods Event risks and medical resource use data derived from the HORIZONS-AMI trial were entered into a decision analytic model. Clinical events until the end of year 1 (main model) or year 3 (alternative model) were modelled in detail. Adjustments were applied to approximate UK routine practice characteristics. Life expectancy of 1-year or 3-year survivors, health-state utilities, initial hospitalisation length of stay in the comparator strategy and unit costs were based on UK sources. Costs and effects were discounted at 3.5%. Results The main model predicted bivalirudin and H-GPI patients to survive 11.52 and 11.35 (undiscounted) years on average, respectively, and to accrue 6.26 and 6.17 QALYs. Patient lifetime costs were £267 lower in the bivalirudin strategy (£12 843 vs £13 110). Extensive sensitivity and scenario analyses confirmed these results to be robust. In probabilistic analysis, quality-adjusted survival was higher and costs were lower with bivalirudin in 95.0% of simulation runs. In 99.2%, cost-effectiveness was better than £20 000 per QALY gained. Results from the alternative model were fully consistent. Conclusion The use of bivalirudin instead of H-GPI in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI is cost-effective, and offers a high probability of dominance. Background treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is assumed.
The neural correlates of allocentric spatial memory in schizotypy

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