Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VGLUT1 is localized in astrocytic processes in several brain regions

During the last years, the concept of gliotransmission has been established. Glutamate has been shown to be released from astrocytes by different mechanisms, e.g., in an exocytotic manner. The authors have previously shown that astrocytes in the dentate‐molecular layers express vesicular glutamate transporters on synaptic‐like microvesicles (SLMVs). By confocal microscopy, the authors, in this study, show that vesicles by a family of glutamate transporters 1 (VGLUT1) labeling was clearly present within astrocytic processes (diameter > 1 μm) in several brain regions; the dentate‐molecular layers, the stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the striatum. At the electron microscopic level, immunogold cytochemistry showed the presence of VGLUT1 gold particles over SLMVs in delicate astrocytic processes (cross‐sectional diameter < 500 nm) in all the above‐mentioned brain regions. When measuring the distance from the membrane of SLMVs in astrocytes to the closest VGLUT1 gold particle, it turned out that most gold particles (above 95 %) were located within 25 nm from the membrane, strongly suggesting that VGLUT1 is present in SLMVs in the astrocytes. Finally, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry shows that VGLUT1 labeling was concentrated in astrocytic processes from wild type, and not in VGLUT1 knock out hippocampus. The authors have concluded that astrocytes not only in the dentate‐molecular layers but also in stratum radiatum of CA1 hippocampus, frontal cortex, and the striatum possess SLMVs carrying VGLUT1, suggesting that astrocytes in all these brain regions are capable of vesicular release of glutamate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention : A Global Perspective

El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública y es por sí solo la causa de aproximadamente un millón de muertes al año en el mundo. Por cada suicidio, hay de diez a veinte veces más personas que intentan suicidarse. El suicidio no es un acto solitario, más bien es el resultado de un largo y complejo proceso influenciado por una serie de factores de riesgo. Existen ciertos grupos en la sociedad que son más vulnerables a la conducta suicida, y el proceso de comprender y explorar este fenómeno es esencial para desentrañar los elementos del comportamiento suicida.
A Control-Theoretic Analysis of Low-Priority Congestion Control Reprioritization under AQM

Recently, a negative interplay has been shown to arise when scheduling/Active Queue Management (AQM) techniques and low-priority congestion control protocols are used together; namely, AQM resets the relative level of priority among congestion control protocols. This work explores this issue by carrying out a control-theoretic analysis of the dynamical system to prove some fundamental properties that fully characterize the reprioritization phenomenon. In particular, (i) we provide the closed-form solution of the equilibrium in the open loop (i.e., fixing a target loss probability p); (ii) we provide a stability analysis and a characterization of the reprioritization phenomenon when closing the loop with AQM (i.e., that dynamically adjusts the system loss probability). Our results are important as the characterization of the reprioritization phenomenon is not only quantitatively accurate for the specific protocols and AQM considered but also qualitatively accurate for a broader range of congestion control protocol and AQM combinations. Finally, while we find a sufficient condition to avoid the reprioritization phenomenon, we also show, at the same time, such conditions to be likely impractical: Therefore, we propose a simple and practical system-level solution that is able to reinstate priorities among protocols.
Religion and Happiness: Still no association

A number of recent studies have consistently reported a positive association between religiosity and happiness, when happiness is operationalised in terms of the Oxford Happiness Inventory and religiosity is operationalised in terms of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. However, this general finding is not consistent across other measures of either construct. The present aim was to examine the generalisability of the link between religion and happiness using the Francis Scale and the Depression-Happiness Scale. Among two samples (Anglican priests and members of the Anglican Church), no significant associations were found between scores on the religiosity and happiness measures. Further research is now required to clarify the components of happiness that are associated with the Francis Scale.
Reasons attributed to omitting exercising: A population‐based study

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine patterns of reasons attributed to not exercising in a population‐based study of 2,298 Australians aged 18–78. A multinomial logistic regression on total number of reasons selected indicated that inactive individuals selected more reasons than active, women more than men, and young people more than old. Factor analysis on the reasons resulted in five categories. A multinomial logistic regression performed for each factor indicated that older individuals selected less External reasons, and less Internal‐State reasons, but more Internal‐Trait and Health reasons than other age groups. Women selected more Internal‐State reasons than males. Sufficiently active individuals selected more External‐Environmental but less Internal‐Trait reasons than insufficiently active individuals. In‐depth psychological techniques should be included in intervention programs geared toward changing thoughts about exercise. Understanding the functions served by beliefs about non‐adherence may aid the attempt to develop appropriate interventions.
A new Halbach arc permanent magnet synchronous motor with three-dimensions air gap used on large telescope

This paper proposes a new arc permanent magnet synchronous motor (APMSM) with three-dimensions (3-D) air gap. The proposed APMSM includes one rotor and four segmental stators which cores and windings are type "C". A 3-D air gap, which is formed by C-type stator and rotor, provides a large air gap area which makes APMSM have higher torque density than that of 2-D conventional arc motor. Halbach permanent magnet (PM), which can reduce torque ripple, is disposed in rotor. The proposed and another two APMSMs are analyzed by finite element method. The characteristics of proposed APMSM, high torque density and low torque ripple, are verified by the computed results.
Effect of protein structure on mitochondrial import

Most proteins that are to be imported into the mitochondrial matrix are synthesized as precursors, each composed of an N-terminal targeting sequence followed by a mature domain. Precursors are recognized through their targeting sequences by receptors at the mitochondrial surface and are then threaded through import channels into the matrix. Both the targeting sequence and the mature domain contribute to the efficiency with which proteins are imported into mitochondria. Precursors must be in an unfolded conformation during translocation. Mitochondria can unfold some proteins by changing their unfolding pathways. The effectiveness of this unfolding mechanism depends on the local structure of the mature domain adjacent to the targeting sequence. This local structure determines the extent to which the unfolding pathway can be changed and, therefore, the unfolding rate increased. Atomic force microscopy studies find that the local structures of proteins near their N and C termini also influence their resistance to mechanical unfolding. Thus, protein unfolding during import resembles mechanical unfolding, and the specificity of import is determined by the resistance of the mature domain to unfolding as well as by the properties of the targeting sequence.
Effects of Different Dietary Cadmium Levels on Growth and Tissue Cadmium Content in Juvenile Parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus

This feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary cadmium levels on growth and tissue cadmium content in juvenile parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus, using cadmium chloride (CdCl2) as the cadmium source. Fifteen fish averaging 5.5±0.06 g (mean±SD) were randomly distributed into each of twenty one rectangular fiber tanks of 30 L capacity. Each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of seven diets containing 0.30 (C0), 21.0 (C21), 40.7 (C41), 83.5 (C83), 162 (C162), 1,387 (C1,387) and 2,743 (C2,743) mg cadmium/kg diet. At the end of sixteen weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed C21 were significantly higher than those of fish fed C83, C162, C1,387 and C2,743 (p<0.05). Weight gain, SGR and FE of fish fed C0, C21 and C41 were significantly higher than those of fish fed C162, C1,387 and C2,743. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed C0, C21 and C41 were significantly higher than those of fish fed C1,387 and C2,743. Average survival of fish fed C0, C21, C41 and C162 were significantly higher than that of fish fed C2,743. Tissue cadmium concentrations increased with cadmium content of diets. Cadmium accumulated the most in liver, followed by gill and then muscle. Muscle, gill and liver cadmium concentrations of fish fed C0, C21, C41 and C83 were significantly lower than those of fish fed C162, C1,387 and C2,743. Based on the ANOVA results of growth performance and tissue cadmium concentrations the safe dietary cadmium level could be lower than 40.7 mg Cd/kg diet while the toxic level could be higher than 162 mg Cd/kg diet.
A model of identity and language orientations: the case of immigrant students from the Former Soviet Union in Israel

A theoretical model featuring the relationship between identity and language orientations within the broader constellation of variables impacting immigration and acculturation processes was proposed within the framework of the current study and its applicability was tested with regards to 152 immigrant university students from the Former Soviet Union in Israel. A revised model best depicting the self-reported language and identity-related attitudes and behaviours of this unique population was presented, clearly illustrating the significant contributory effect of identity orientations on bilingual language attitudes and especially on language use. The strength of identity as a predictor of language orientations significantly exceeds that of immigrants’ perceptions of ethnic and national language group status or of their subjective assessment of native and national language proficiency. Identity orientations and language behaviour are also noticeably impacted by age of the individual at the time of immigration. The model presented herein may serve as a template for replication and comparative research in the future, whereby its applicability may be tested with regard to diverse immigrant groups acculturating in varying host societies and contexts.
The Impact of Role Stressors and Personal Resources on the Stress Experience of Professional Women

This study explored the contributions of role stressors and personal resources in predicting strain symptoms experienced by 117 professional women employed full-time in academia. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that, while role stressors alone accounted for only a moderate amount of the variance in reported strain symptoms, 51% of the variance was explained when both stressors and personal resources were combined. Women who experienced higher levels of personal control and social support as well as a greater number of roles occupied reported lower levels of strain symptoms. These results support the use of a transactional model of stress in future multiple role research.
Source monitoring: The importance of feature binding at encoding

This paper is based on the source monitoring framework (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993) and provides a review of data that suggests the involvement of working memory encoding processes in source monitoring tasks. Source monitoring refers to diverse mental processes used to distinguish the origin of our memories. A key assumption is that, when people encode an event, component processes of working memory play a crucial role in maintaining and binding the various features (e.g., semantic, perceptual) of an event together. It follows that success on a working memory binding test should be a good predictor of proficiency on a long-term source monitoring task, and that individual differences in working memory binding ability should account for the different pattern of source monitoring errors. Interestingly, these predictions have not been directly tested.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from stool samples in North Lebanon

Fifty one strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group were isolated from 45 fecal samples. Classical phenotypic identification showed that 16 isolates were B. thetaiotaomicron, 12 B. uniformis, 9 B. eggerthii, 7 B. vulgatus, 3 B. caccae, 2 Parabacteroides distasonis with 1 identified B. ovatus and 1 B. fragilis. The 51 strains were tested for susceptibility against 16 antimicrobial agents and the MICs for metronidazole were determined. The tests showed that imipenem, meropenem and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotics (98%, 98% and 92.16% of susceptibility, respectively) followed by ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, rifampin (88.24% susceptibility), moxifloxacin 86.27% and tigecycline 84.31%. Ofloxacin and cefotaxime were the least effective antibiotics with 27.45% and 0% of activity respectively. Only six of the 51 isolated strains were resistant to metronidazole with MICs = 64 mg/L (1 strain) and > 256 mg/L (5 strains).
An Apery-like Difference Equation for Catalan's Constant

Applying Zeilberger’s algorithm of creative telescoping to a family of certain very-well-poised hypergeometric series involving linear forms in Catalan’s constant with rational coecients, we obtain a second-order dierence equation for these forms and their coecients. As a consequence we derive a new way of fast calculation of Catalan’s constant as well as a new continued-fraction expansion for it. Similar arguments are put forward to deduce a second-order dierence equation and a new continued fraction for (4) = 4 /90.
Does life satisfaction change in old age: results from an 8-year longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES The unexpected positive relationship between aging and happiness was called "the paradox of well-being," which is still a matter of debate. This study examined longitudinal change in life satisfaction (LS) in older adults. METHODS LS was assessed with the satisfaction with life scale, in a sample of individuals (N = 899; aged 62-95 years, at first occasion; M = 72.73, SD = 5.68) for a period of 8 years (5 waves of data). A multiple indicator (e.g., second order) growth modeling was used to assess change in LS. RESULTS Findings from both unconditional and conditional model (in which time-invariant, i.e., age, gender, and education, and time-varying, i.e., self-perceived health, covariates were incorporated in the model) indicated a linear increase in LS for the 8-year period. As expected, the results showed significant random variation in both intercept and slope, indicating that participants start at different levels and change at different rates. DISCUSSION Our findings contribute to the debate concerning the paradox of well-being, which calls for explanation. There are few theories that provide some explanation (e.g., the socioemotional selectivity theory). However, to enhance researchers' understanding of developmental changes that contribute to the paradox of well-being, a more integrative theoretical model is needed.
DETERMINATION OF BIOKINETIC COEFFICIENTS FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES ON MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

Biokinetic coefficients and efficiency for three activated sludge processes including conventional, extended aeration, and contact stabilization were determined in pilot-scale for six months in Isfahan south municipal wastewater treatment plant. These systems were operated under two different MLSS concentrations in aeration tank. For each MLSS, five periods were considered in base of flow rate and sludge retention time (SRT). The samples from the influent wastewater, reactor and effluent were collected periodically and experimented by the Standard Methods. The data were analyzed by the Excel and SPSS softwares. The investigation showed that the yield coefficient (Y), decay coefficient (kd), maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant (K s ) for conventional activated sludge process were in the range of 0.48-0.8 mgVSS/mg sCOD, 0.0189-0.026 1/day, 0.95-0.98 1/day and 52-71 mg sCOD/L, extended aeration: 0.6174-1.2512 mgVSS/mg sCOD0.0198-0.0309، 1/day 1.96-3.17 ، 1/day and 311.7-508 mg sCOD/L and for contact stabilization: 0.6322-0.713 mgVSS/mg sCOD1 0.0172-0.0387 ،/d0.231 0.42/d and13.8-50.8 mg sCOD/L, respectively. In the conventional and contact stabilization processes values of the coefficients were within the range of those reported in the literature. However, in the extended aeration process, values of K s and Y in MLSS of 5000mg/L were out of ranges. The sensitivity analysis of changes in the biokinetic coefficients showed direct relationship of kd and Ks with the concentration of the effluent substrate. Whereas µ max is inversely related to concentration of the effluent substrate. In addition, regardless of the type of substrate and MLSS concentration, the effluent substrate concentration is more sensitive to µ max than kd and Ks. The results also showed a COD removal efficiency ranging for conventional process between 83 and 92.5%, for extended aeration process between 88 and 93.8%, and for contact stabilization process 77 and 92%. The effluent COD was simulated using the biokinetic coefficients determined during the study.
Improved 3 D Geology Modelling using an Implicit Function Interpolator and Forward Modelling of Potential Field Data

3D geometric modelling is a powerful tool enabling improved understanding of geology. It allows one to check and validate the consistency of separate 1D or 2D interpretations. Building a 3D model is also a way to share and communicate a geological view. Furthermore, a consistent 3D geometric model is essential for modelling computations of Earth-processes (such as groundwater studies) that need an accurate and coherent geometry of the distribution of physical properties of geological bodies. An original methodology has been developed in the BRGM to jointly interpolate geological contact locations and dips of the formations. The method uses the geological history of the area and the rock-relationships between the geological bodies. The model is calculated using an implicit 3D potential function as the interpolator for each component part of that geological history, and allows automatic computation of intersections between component parts and volume reconstruction. By using these tools, the geologist focuses on geological issues and easily tests different interpretations. This methodology has been applied to various geological contexts. The Elk gas field case-study is presented to illustrate the development of a 3D geology model, and the application of the model for computing conventional potential field model responses. For the Elk field the Gdd component of the gravity gradient tensor was computed for the 3D geology model, and those data compared to the first vertical derivative of the fully terrain-corrected Bouguer gravity airborne survey data. These comparisons of the computed vs. observed gravity data provided a basis for several iterations of interpretive adjustment of the 3D geology model. This iterative interpretive revision of the model was only practical by virtue of the ability to rapidly re-compute the 3D geology model using the potential field interpolator methodology. The outcome from this approach was an improved 3D geology model which honoured the available geology constraints from outcrop, drilling and seismic data, but which now had a modelled gravity response that was in better agreement with the observed gravity data.
Emergent General Relativity in Fuzzy Spaces from Tensor Models

Tensor models can be regarded as theories of dynamical fuzzy spaces, and provide background independent theories of space. Their classical solutions correspond to classical background spaces, and the small fluctuations around them can be regarded as fluctuations of fields in them. In this paper, I numerically study a tensor model around its classical backgrounds of two-, three- and four-dimensional fuzzy flat tori and show that the properties of low-lying low-momentum modes are in clear agreement with general relativity. Numerical analysis also suggests that the lowest-order effective action is composed of curvature square terms, which is consistent with general relativity in view of the form of the considered action of the tensor model.
Hemispheric asymmetry of macroscopic and elementary calcium signals mediated by InsP3 in Xenopus oocytes

1 The mechanisms underlying hemispheric asymmetry of the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP3)‐calcium signalling pathway in Xenopus oocytes were examined by fluorescence imaging of calcium signals and recording calcium‐activated Cl− currents (ICl,Ca) evoked by intracellular calcium injections and photorelease of InsP3. 2 The maximal ICl,Ca evoked by strong photorelease of InsP3 was 8 times greater in the animal than the vegetal hemisphere, but the average threshold amounts of InsP3 required to evoke detectable currents were similar in each hemisphere. 3 Currents evoked by injections of calcium were about 2.5 times greater near the animal pole than near the vegetal pole, whereas fluorescence signals evoked by injections were similar in each hemisphere. 4 Calcium waves were evoked by photolysis flashes of similar strengths in both hemispheres of albino oocytes, but peak calcium levels evoked by supramaximal stimuli were 70 % greater in the animal hemisphere. 5 Elementary calcium release events (puffs) in the animal hemisphere had amplitudes about double that in the vegetal hemisphere, and more often involved coupled release from adjacent sites. Calcium release sites were more closely packed in the animal hemisphere, with a mean spacing of about 1.5 μm compared with 2.25 μm in the vegetal hemisphere. 6 The larger amplitude of currents mediated by InsP3 in the animal hemisphere, therefore, involves an increased flux of calcium at individual release units, a more dense packing of release units and a higher density of Cl− channels.
TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options

Much of the text in this document is taken directly from RFC1072 "TCP Extensions for Long-Delay Paths" by Bob Braden and Van Jacobson. The authors would like to thank Kevin Fall (LBNL), Christian Huitema (INRIA), Van Jacobson (LBNL), Greg Miller (MITRE), Greg Minshall (Ipsilon), Lixia Zhang (XEROX PARC and UCLA), Dave Borman (BSDI), Allison Mankin (ISI) and others for their review and constructive comments.