Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of circulating eosinophil count and adrenal gland function in California sea lions naturally exposed to domoic acid.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of natural exposure to domoic acid (DA) on eosinophil counts and adrenal gland function in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). DESIGN Cross-sectional prospective study. ANIMALS 39 California sea lions. PROCEDURES Adult female sea lions admitted to a rehabilitation hospital during 2009 were classified into 1 of 3 groups (acute DA toxicosis, chronic DA toxicosis, or no DA exposure) on the basis of clinical signs, DA concentration in urine or feces, and hippocampal morphology. Endoparasite burden, eosinophil count, and serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations were determined for each sea lion. For a subset of 8 sea lions, fecal glucocorticoid concentration after IM administration of cosyntropin was determined. RESULTS Sea lions exposed to DA (acute DA toxicosis, n = 11; chronic DA toxicosis, 19) had higher eosinophil counts and lower serum cortisol concentrations, compared with values for sea lions with no DA exposure (9). Eosinophil count was not associated with endoparasite burden. Serum cortisol concentration was associated with plasma ACTH concentrations in sea lions from the no DA exposure group but not in sea lions in the acute or chronic DA toxicosis groups. Following cosyntropin injection, fecal glucocorticoid concentrations increased in all sea lions evaluated except 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In adult sea lions, eosinophilia may be a cost-effective biomarker for DA exposure and may reflect alterations in hypothalamic, pituitary gland, or adrenal gland function. Domoic acid exposure may have subtle health effects on marine animals in addition to induction of neurologic signs.
Goal congruence in project teams: does the fit between members' personal mastery and performance goals matter?

Research on team goals rarely considers the impact of congruence in perceptions of personal goals of self versus other members. In this study of 324 members of 64 short-term project teams, polynomial regression analysis was used to explore how congruence in personal and perceived team mastery and performance goals affected individual outcomes. Results indicated that congruence in perceived performance goals elicited greater individual satisfaction and contributions, regardless of goal strength (i.e. high or low personal performance goals). Conversely, perceived team mastery goals had a greater effect on individual outcomes than did perceived congruence in self-other mastery goals. Congruent self-actual team goals showed weaker but similar relationships to individual outcomes, but contrary to hypotheses, this effect was not mediated by congruence in perceived self-other goals.
A Dissipation Integral with Application to Ocean Diffusivities and Structure

An integral balance is developed for steady fluid flows relating dissipation in volumes bounded by isosurfaces of a tracer (quasi-conserved quantity) and solid boundaries to the covariance of the tracer value and surface fluxes across the boundaries. The balance is used to estimate upper bounds for vertical eddy diffusion coefficients for temperature and salinity in various volumes of the ocean. The vertical temperature diffusivity is calculated to be small, O(0.1 3 1024 m2 s21), except for the warmest and coldest volumes of the ocean. The vertical salinity diffusivity for the volume that makes up most of the deep ocean is estimated to be O(1 3 1024 m2 s21). Sources of error in these calculations are discussed, and the sensitivity to errors in the surface flux data is evaluated. The dissipation integral is also applied to demonstrate some related results concerning extrema and homogenization. The Prandtl‐Batchelor theorem is a special case of one of these results. As a consequence of these results, if turbulent transfer is downgradient and there are no internal sources or sinks, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for a climatological tracer distribution to be in a steady state is the absence of internal extrema. The climatological salinity distribution does not appear to violate this condition.
BCS : a Bayesian Learning Classifier System

Genetics-based machine learning systems have been applied in many areas. Among them, XCS is one of the most advanced systems for reinforcement learning. UCS is a specialized case of XCS for data mining and supervised learning. In this paper we show that both XCS and UCS are quite sensitive to noise, and we propose an alternative system with Bayesian update called BCS. An experiment shows that BCS outperforms both XCS and UCS in a multiplexer problem and is quite robust to noise.
Metallic surface of a Mott insulator-Mott insulating surface of a metal

The dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is employed to study the correlation-driven metal-insulator transition in the semi-infinite Hubbard model at half-filling and zero temperature. We consider the low-index surfaces of the three-dimensional simple-cubic lattice, and systematically vary the model parameters at the very surface, the intralayer and interlayer surface hopping, and the surface Coulomb interaction. Within the DMFT the self-energy functional is assumed to be local. Therewith, the problem is self-consistently mapped onto a set of coupled effective impurity models corresponding to the inequivalent layers parallel to the surface. Assuming that the influence of the high-energy Hubbard bands on the low-energy quasiparticle resonance can be neglected at the critical point, a simplified ``linearized DMFT'' becomes possible. The linearized theory, however, is formally equivalent to the Weiss molecular-field theory for the semi-infinite Ising model. This implies that qualitatively the rich phenomenology of the Landau description of second-order phase transitions at surfaces has a direct analog for the surface Mott transition. Motivated by this formal analogy, we work out the predictions of the linearized DMFT in detail. It is found that under certain circumstances the surface of a Mott insulator can be metallic, while a Mott-insulating surface of a normal metal is not possible. We derive the corresponding phase diagrams, the (mean-field) critical exponents and the critical profiles of the quasiparticle weight. The results are confirmed by a fully numerical evaluation of the DMFT equations using the exact-diagonalization (ED) method. By means of the ED approach, we especially investigate the noncritical parts of the phase diagrams and discuss the U and layer dependence of the quasi-particle weight. For strong modifications of the surface model parameters, the surface low-energy electronic structure dynamically decouples from the bulk.
Reaching Activity in the Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex of Monkeys Is Modulated by Visual Feedback

Reaching and grasping an object is an action that can be performed in light, as well as in darkness. Area V6A is a visuomotor area of the medial posterior parietal cortex involved in the control of reaching movements. It contains reaching neurons as well as neurons modulated by passive somatosensory and visual stimulations. In the present work we analyze the effect of visual feedback on reaching activity of V6A neurons. Three macaques were trained to execute reaching movements in two conditions: in darkness, where only the reaching target was visible, and in full light, where the monkey also saw its own moving arm and the environment. Approximately 85% of V6A neurons (127/149) were significantly related to the task in at least one of the two conditions. The majority of task-related cells (69%) showed reach-related activity in both visual conditions, some were modulated only in light (15%), while others only in dark (16%). The sight of the moving arm often changed dramatically the cell's response to arm movements. In some cases the reaching activity was enhanced and in others it was reduced or disappeared altogether. These neuronal properties may represent differences in the degree to which cells are influenced by feedback control versus feedforward movement planning. On average, reach-related modulations were stronger in light than in dark, a phenomenon similar to that observed in brain imaging experiments in the human medial posterior parietal cortex, a region likely homologous to macaque area V6A.
Psychotherapy and the Embodiment of the Neuronal Identity: A Hermeneutic Study of Louis Cozolino's (2010) The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Healing the Social Brain

Psychotherapy and the Embodiment of the Neuronal Identity: A Hermeneutic Study of Louis Cozolino’s (2010) The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Healing the Social Brain Ari Natinsky Antioch University Seattle Seattle, WA In recent years, there have been several ways in which researchers have attempted to integrate psychotherapy and neuroscience research. Neuroscience has been proposed as a method of addressing lingering questions about how best to integrate psychotherapy theories and explain their efficacy. For example, some psychotherapy outcome studies have included neuroimaging of participants in order to propose neurobiological bases of effective psychological interventions (e.g., Paquette et al., 2003). Other theorists have used cognitive neuroscience research to suggest neurobiological correlates of various psychotherapy theories and concepts (e.g., Schore, 2012). These efforts seem to embody broader historical trends, including the hope that neuroscience can resolve philosophical questions about the relationship between mind and body, as well as the popular appeal of contemporary brain research. In this hermeneutic dissertation I examined a popular neuropsychotherapy text in order to explore the historical fit between neuroscience and psychotherapy. The study identifies the possible understandings of the self (i.e., what it means to be human) that could arise from Western therapy discourses that are based on
Incidence and survival of dementia in a general population of Japanese elderly: the Hisayama study

Objective: To estimate the incidence and survival rates of total and cause specific dementia in a general Japanese population. Methods: A total of 828 subjects without dementia, aged 65 years or over, were followed-up prospectively for 17 years. Dementia was subdivided into cause specific subtypes: namely, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), combined dementia and other types of dementia. During the follow-up, 275 subjects developed dementia; of these, 251 (91.2%) were evaluated morphologically, with 164 subjected to brain autopsy examination and the remaining 87 to neuroimaging. Results: The incidences of total dementia, AD, VD, DLB, combined dementia and other types of dementia were 32.3 (n = 275), 14.6 (124), 9.5 (81), 1.4 (12), 3.8 (33), and 3.1 (16) per 1000 person years, respectively. The incidences of AD, combined dementia and other types of dementia rose with increasing age, particularly after the age of 85 years, but this tendency was not observed for VD or DLB. The survival curve of dementia cases aged 65–89 years was significantly lower than that of age and sex matched controls (10 year survival rate, 13.6% vs 29.3%; hazard ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 2.13). The 10 year survival rates were not significantly different among dementia subtypes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Japanese elderly population has a high risk for the development of dementia, specifically AD and VD, and once dementia is established, the risk of death is considerable.
A 2.5GHz 2.2mW/25µW on/off-state power 2psrms-long-term-jitter digital clock multiplier with 3-reference-cycles power-on time

Modern mobile platforms utilize power cycling to lower power dissipation and increase battery life. By turning off the circuits that are not in use, power cycling provides a viable means to make power dissipation proportional to workload, hence achieving energy proportional operation. The effectiveness of this approach is governed by the turn on/off times, off-state power dissipation, and energy overhead due to power-cycling. Ideally, the circuits must turn on/off in zero time, consume no off-state power, and incur minimal energy overhead during on-to-off and off-to-on transitions. Conventional clock multipliers implemented using phase-locked loops (PLLs) present the biggest bottleneck in achieving these performance goals due to their long locking times. Even if the PLL is frequency locked, the slow phase acquisition process limits the power-on time [1-2]. Techniques such as dynamic phase-error compensation [3], edge-missing compensation [4], and hybrid PLLs [5] improve the phase acquisition time to at best few hundred reference cycles. However, such improvements are inadequate to make best use of power-cycling. Multiplying injection-locked oscillators (MILO) are shown to lock faster than PLLs, but suffer from conflicting requirements on injection strength to simultaneously achieve low jitter and fast locking. Increasing the injection strength extends lock range and reduces locking time, but severely degrades the deterministic jitter performance [6]. In view of these drawbacks, we propose a highly digital clock multiplier that seeks to achieve low jitter, fast locking, and near-zero off-state power. By using a highly scalable digital architecture with accurate frequency presetting and instantaneous phase acquisition, the prototype 8×/16× clock multiplier achieves 10ns (3 reference cycles) power-on time, 2psrms long-term absolute jitter, less than 25μW off-state power, 12pJ energy overhead for on/off transition, and 2.2mW on-state power at 2.5GHz output frequency.
New measures of heart-rate complexity: effect of chest trauma and hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND Traditional vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation are not ideal for timely and accurate assessment of physiologic status after trauma (TR) and hemorrhagic shock (HS). Analysis of the complex beat-to-beat variability present in the heart-rate time series has been proposed as a "new vital sign" in this setting. We determined the effect of chest TR and HS on heart-rate complexity (HRC) in a porcine model. METHODS Anesthetized swine in group II (n = 20) underwent blunt right chest TR with a modified captive-bolt stunner; then, 10 minutes later, hemorrhage of 12 mL/kg over 10 minutes, followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution, and reinfusion of blood. Group I (n = 15) served as time controls. Two hundred beat sections of EKG waveforms were analyzed at 7 time points: at baseline, after TR, immediately after hemorrhage (HS), and 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours after HS. Several computationally different measures of HRC were calculated, including sample entropy, similarity of distribution, and point correlation dimension. RESULTS HRC was decreased after TR, HS, and at 1 hour, manifested by decreased sample entropy and point correlation dimension and increased similarity of distribution. These HRC measures were all restored by resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS Several independent measures demonstrated decreased HRC after combined TR/HS and restored HRC with resuscitation. Complexity analysis may be useful for diagnosis of TR/HS and for monitoring resuscitation.
Arteriovenous fistula for self-treatment of hemophilia.

ABSTRACT THE need for a safe, long-lasting, repetitive, and convenient vascular channel for hemodialysis has been satisfied by the development of the internal arteriovenous fistula by Brescia et al.1 This technique is easier and less hazardous to patients with bleeding diathesis than that reported by Ries et al.2 Hemodialysis at home is a possibility, since venipuncture using the fistula can now easily be accomplished by the patient or a family member. Such a fistula has proved to be long lasting and free of complications.3,4 It can resolve the problem of the patient with difficult veins who needs intravenous therapy in the hospital or at home.5Difficult Venipuncture The application of the principle of the arteriovenous fistula to the management of hemophilia was suggested when difficulties in venipuncture made hospital care essential for our patient with each minor episode of bleeding. Following the creation of the shunt, the
War, Media, and Propaganda: A Global Perspective

War, Media, and Propaganda: A Global Perspective. Yahya R. Kamalipour and Nancy Snow, eds. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004. 280 pp. $75.00 hbk. $27.95 pbk. After America's hot war in Iraq in spring 2003, a stream of books recounting the reporting of the war hit the presses, some memoirs of journalists embedded with the soldiers and others more critical reviews of the successes and failures of the media in reporting war to its citizens. War, Media, and Propaganda, which falls into the latter category, brings together an eclectic group of scholars and journalists to address the media's failures in reporting the war from a range of perspectives. Twenty-six authors write twenty-four chapters diverse in approach and style. In the book's forward, Ben Bagdikian writes that the "painful message of the book" is the "unholy trinity of 'war, media and propaganda. '" In the Iraq War, the major media failed citizens because they were so wedded to relationships with high-placed official sources and to the protection of corporate media profits. Caught up in a dubious patriotism in time of war, the news media did not report what they knew about the Bush administration's false claims of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. The first group of chapters offers theoretical analysis of war reporting and related issues, including a critique of Western, free market economies as well as a background piece on Islam. Next a section of chapters provides various regional and national perspectives on the Iraq War and its reporting, among them Canadian, South African, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and Latin American. The book concludes with articles recommending solutions to the problems posed in earlier chapters. R. S. Zaharna advances that the United States should stop confusing manipulative propaganda with public diplomacy, and Majid Tehranian concludes the book with ten commandments for peace journalism. In the first chapter David Miller sets the tone for the book by marshalling evidence from military planning documents that government and military officials in the United States and the United Kingdom had established as their strategy total propaganda control. "It is evident that the United States and its ally, the United Kingdom, are intent on ruling the world and that information control has become central to that effort. " Australian Naren Chitty considers attacks by extremist Islamists and terrorists as efforts to counter Western liberalism's forces of globalization. UCLA professor Douglas Kellner describes the Iraq War as the "Oedipus Tex drama . George W. Bush's desires to conclude his father's unfinished business and simultaneously defeat Evil to constitute himself Good. …
Leachability of Arsenic and Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings of Abandoned Metal Mines

Mine tailings from an abandoned metal mine in Korea contained high concentrations of arsenic (As) and heavy metals [e.g., As: 67,336, Fe: 137,180, Cu: 764, Pb: 3,572, and Zn: 12,420 (mg/kg)]. US EPA method 6010 was an effective method for analyzing total arsenic and heavy metals concentrations. Arsenic in the mine tailings showed a high residual fraction of 89% by a sequential extraction. In Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Korean Standard Leaching Test (KSLT), leaching concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals were very low [e.g., As (mg/L): 0.4 for TCLP and 0.2 for KSLT; cf. As criteria (mg/L): 5.0 for TCLP and 1.5 for KSLT].
Principles of school leadership

Introduction - Mark Brundrett PART ONE: KEY CONCEPTS IN THE THEORY OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Contemporary Issues in Educational Leadership - John West-Burnham Leading and Managing Change - Mark Brundrett Leadership for Learning: Does Collaborative Leadership Make a Difference? - Philip Hallinger and Ronald H. Heck School Effectiveness and Improvement: Using a Dynamic Approach to Improve Quality in Education - Bert Creemers, Leonidas Kyriakides, and Panayiotis Antoniou PART TWO: THE PRACTICE OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT The Nature and Dimensions of Strategic Leadership - Brent Davies and Barbara J. Davies Pursuing Leadership for Learning in the School: Form Must Follow Function - Simon Clarke and Tom O'Donoghue Leading and Managing People - Justine Mercer The Effective Deployment of Resources - Neil Burton Leading for Quality and Accountability - Christopher Rhodes Overlapping Social Spheres: The Social Domain of Schools, Parents and the Community - Megan Crawford PART THREE: DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL LEADERS Educating 21st Century School Leaders: Learning from MBA Programmes - Philip Hallinger and Kamontip Snidvongs Developing Middle Leaders: The Problematic Nature of Socialization Theory and Leadership Learning - Wei Zhang The Transition to Headship/ Principalship - Deirdre Torrance The Impact of International, National, and Local Forces on the Enactment of Quality Leadership Preparation Programmes - Darren A. Bryant, Allan Walker and Moosung Lee
Teaching with Spirit: Freire, Dialogue, and Spirituality in the Composition Classroom.

TEACHING WITH SPIRIT: FREIRE, DIALOGUE, AND SPIRITUALITY IN THE COMPOSITION CLASSROOM by JUSTIN VIDOVIC August 2010 Advisor: Dr. Gwen Gorzelsky Major: English Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This ethnographic study examines the role of spirituality in the composition teaching process and in Paolo Freire’s dialogic education specifically. Work to acquire some aspects of spiritual “Discourse,” as the term is defined by James Gee, is needed in order to make this spiritual foundation visible and practicable. Through a series of ethnographic narratives of a classroom, this study demonstrates the necessity of spiritual work on the part of the teacher to develop the mind frame and skill set necessary for dialogic pedagogy. A series of workshop activities based on Freire’s spiritual prerequisites for dialogic education are proposed.
Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging via selective inversion recovery with short repetition times

Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI) methods are able to estimate fundamental sample parameters, such as the relative size of the solid‐like macromolecular proton pool and the spin exchange rate between this pool and the directly measured free water protons. One such method is selective inversion recovery (SIR), in which the free water protons are selectively inverted and the signal is fit to a biexponential function of the inversion time (TI). SIR uses only low‐power pulses and requires no separate RF (B1) or static field (B0) field maps, and the analysis is largely independent of the macromolecular pool lineshape. These are all advantages over steady‐state off‐resonance saturation qMTI methods. However, up to now, SIR has been implemented only with repetition times TR ≫ T1. This paper describes a modification of SIR with smaller TR values and a greater signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency. Magn Reson Med 57:437–441, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.