Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limited Stock Market Participation and the Equity Premium

In this paper I study the implications of limited stock market participation for the equity premium. If all agents are receiving labor income and there is a small fixed cost of trading equities, then those agents with relatively low labor income choose not to participate in equity market. Because of limited risk sharing, the equity premium is higher, but only slightly higher, than in a model without frictions and full equity market participation. Thus, limited stock market participation does not resolve the equity premium puzzle.
Perfectionism in Sport and Dance: A Double-Edged Sword

The author provides comments on the contributions to this special issue on perfectionism in sport and dance focusing on how they provide further support for the view that perfectionism is a "double-edged sword. " In addition, the author gives his personal view on using the tripartite model versus the 2 x 2 model of perfectionism as an analytic framework and, in conclusion, outlines future research on perfectionism in sport and dance that he thinks is needed to further advance our knowledge.
A single amino acid substitution in yeast eIF‐5A results in mRNA stabilization

Most factors known to function in mRNA turnover are not essential for cell viability. To identify essential factors, ∼4000 temperature‐sensitive yeast strains were screened for an increase in the level of the unstable CYH2 pre‐mRNA. At the non‐permissive temperature, five mutants exhibited decreased decay rates of the CYH2 pre‐mRNA and mRNA, and the STE2, URA5 and PAB1 mRNAs. Of these, the mutant ts1159 had the most extensive phenotype. Expression of the TIF51A gene (encoding eIF‐5A) complemented the temperature‐sensitive growth and mRNA decay phenotypes of ts1159. The tif51A allele was rescued from these cells and shown to encode a serine to proline change within a predicted α‐helical segment of the protein. ts1159 also exhibited an ∼30% decrease in protein synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Measurement of amino acid incorporation in wild‐type cells incubated with increasing amounts of cycloheximide demonstrated that a decrease in protein synthesis of this magnitude could not account for the full extent of the mRNA decay defects observed in ts1159. Interestingly, the ts1159 cells accumulated uncapped mRNAs at the non‐permissive temperature. These results suggest that eIF‐5A plays a role in mRNA turnover, perhaps acting downstream of decapping.
Using Motivational General-Mastery Imagery to Improve the Self-efficacy of Youth Squash Players

The current study examined whether an individualized motivational general-mastery MG-M imagery intervention consisting of daily imagery practice and weekly one-on-one guided imagery sessions could enhance self-efficacy in youth squash athletes (N = 5; M age = 10.80; SD = 1.93). A single-subject multiple-baseline design was employed spanning 13–18 weeks. Measures included the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (Hall, Munroe-Chandler, Fishburne, & Hall et al., 2009) and a squash-specific self-efficacy questionnaire. Results indicated improvements in self-efficacy for 3 of the 5 athletes. The results from this study help inform researchers and practitioners regarding the use of MG-M imagery as a means to improve young athletes’ self-efficacy.
Ovarian transplantation and reconstruction of fallopian tubes: with report of two cases and review of literature.

2 very early cases of organ transplantation, in this case of sections of healthy ovaries from fertile women to women unintentionally or unknowingly subjected to oophorectomy, are described; the paper concentrates on surgical technique, for the outcome is preliminary at the time of publication. The surgeon involved found donors willing to lose portions of their ovarian tissue, for various reasons, who were proven fertile. In 1 case of transplantation, the recipient was made ready for transplantation concurrently with the donor, and no storage of organs was necessary; in the other, ovarian material was stored in saline for a period of time, and upon reintroduction to a pelvic cavity the material immediately became reinfused and appeared healthy. Neither of the recipients had begun menstruating postsurgery at the time of this article's publication (about 6 months postoperatively), but signs were hopeful. The technique is spelled out in a step-wise manner.
The role of physical activity on emotional and behavioural problems, self-rated health and educational attainment among adolescents

Physical activity provides important physical health benefits for young people. However, the information on physical activity in association with various social, educational and mental health factors among adolescents is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate how physical activity is related to adolescents’ emotional and behavioural problems, self-rated health, educational attainment and parental socio-economic position, and how these factors interrelate with each other. The study population consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (N = 9432). Data on physical activity, emotional and behavioural problems, self-rated health, educational attainment and parental socio-economic position at age 15–16 years was collected by postal inquiries in 2001–2002. Logistic regression models were used to study the associations between these factors. High parental socio-economic position was associated with being physically active among adolescents. Physical inactivity was related to emotional, social, thought and attention problems, and rule-breaking behaviour. Physical inactivity, emotional, behavioural and social problems, and low parental socio-economic position were related to poor self-rated health. In addition, higher levels of physical activity, fewer behavioural problems, and higher parental socio-economic position were associated with high self-perceived academic performance and future plans for higher education. Physical inactivity during adolescence is associated with several emotional and behavioural problems, and poor self-rated health, whereas being physically active is related to higher educational attainment. Developmentally appropriate and enjoyable physical activity could have an important role in enhancing adolescents’ health, well-being, and educational attainment.
Cytokine-mediated activation of macrophages from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant and -susceptible mice: differential effects of corticosterone on antimycobacterial activity and expression of the Bcg gene (Candidate Nramp)

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that corticosterone increases the susceptibility of macrophages from Bcgs mice to the growth of Mycobacterium avium. The innate antimycobacterial activity of macrophages from Bcgr mice was not affected by corticosterone. In contrast to the differential effect of corticosterone on the antimycobacterial activity of the macrophages, corticosterone suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide by macrophages from both Bcgr and Bcgs mice. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of corticosterone on the antimycobacterial activity of macrophages from Bcgr and Bcgs mice that have been activated in vitro with recombinant gamma interferon or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We found that macrophages from both strains of congenic mice responded equally to the activation stimuli. The capacity of the activated macrophages from Bcgs mice to suppress the growth of M. avium was inhibited by the addition of corticosterone to the cultures. The addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine to the cultures did not affect the capacity of resident splenic macrophages from Bcgr mice to limit the growth of M. avium. However, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine reduced the capacity of gamma interferon-activated, but not granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-activated, macrophages to limit the growth of M. avium by macrophages from both Bcgr and Bcgs mice. The addition of corticosterone suppressed Nramp expression by macrophages from Bcgs mice. Nramp expression by macrophages from Bcgr mice was not affected by corticosterone.
A classification of flexibacteria.

SUMMARY: About 90 strains of gliding microbes (flexibacteria) have been considered. Data obtained by Lewin & Lounsbery (1969) and Mandel & Lewin (1969) have been used by Fager (1969) in a computer programme designed to indicate affinities and thereby possible relationships. Largely on the basis of Fager's analysis, a classification of these organisms is here proposed. Including a few species described elsewhere, 27 species and varieties are distinguished, most of them apparently new. A simplified diagnostic key is presented for their identification. They are assigned to six genera, three (Saprospira, Flexithrix and Herpetosiphon) are recognized primarily on morphological grounds; three others (Cytophaga, Flexibacter and Microscilla), here somewhat re-defined, are based largely on other convenient characteristics.
Accepting the disliked. The practice and promotion of tolerance

In drie opeenvolgende onderzoeken belicht de auteur deze vraag op veelzijdige wijze. Het kwalitatieve onderzoek naar het bevorderen van tolerantie op middelbare scholen toont aan dat het onderschrijven niet hetzelfde is als het in praktijk brengen van tolerante uitgangspunten. Een speciaal voor dit onderzoek ontwikkelde toegepaste tolerantieschaal maakt het ‘toestaan met tegenzin’ in het dagelijks leven vervolgens meetbaar. Een online studie laat zien hoe normen in de omgeving (school, de buurt, werk) tolerantie beïnvloeden.
BAHASA ANCAMAN DALAM TEKS KABA SABAI NAN ALUIH BERBASIS PENDEKATAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK

This thesis is focused on the analysis threat language in Kaba Sabai Nan Aluih text. The aims of this thesis are to explain the form, meaning and motive of threaten language by employing several theory, including Searle (1969) and Wijana (1996), Aminuddin (2008) to figure out the meaning, while the motive form used the theory stated by Maslow (1943). The research is conducted by using observational method along with the techniques. In analyzing the data use distributional and identity method. Identity method that employs including reference and pragmatic identity method while in distributional method employs marker identification techniques. The result of analysis is presented in informal method. These method and techniques are identical with proposed by Sudaryanto (1993) and Mastoyo (2007). The result of the analysis shows that there are four types of language threat form; (1) direct speech act, (2) indirect speech act, (3) literal speech act, and (4) non literal speech act. The meaning of threaten language in KSNA are (1) think in every act, because if it is not doing so would cause harm to themselves; (2) pride and arrogance will lead to the destruction of those who have the attitude; (3) every person should have a sense of caring so that the people closest to us are not wrong in its attitude and decisions; (4) a form of error should be fixed even if the truth is painful; (5) is a self-esteem is everything, (6) to save themselves with a threats speech can be used if someone was in danger of being defeated; (7) not all forms of threat is a detrimental thing; (8) awaken the nearest fault has been done is a form of responsibility; (9) threatening to a motivation not an adverse thing; (10) awaken people closest guilt is a form of right action; (11) fixed price for an appropriate fee for the self-esteem that has been tarnished, and (12) very uncontrolled emotion can cause harm. The motive of threat language in KSNA are (1) dissatisfaction, (2) test of the intelligence, (3) pain, (4) displeasure of the attitude of a person, (5) self-esteem, (6) revenge, (7) self defended mechanism by using threat, (8) motivation, (9) mocking in order to direct people to do something, (10) sarcasme to boost spirit, (11) revenged, (12) motif of self defended, (13) grief. Keywords : KSNA , threats form, threats meaning, threats motive
Tracking control of an underactuated ship

In this paper, we address the tracking problem for an underactuated ship using two controls, namely surge force and yaw moment. A simple state-feedback control law is developed and proved to render the tracking error dynamics globally K- exponentially stable. Experimental results are presented where the controller is implemented on a scale model of an offshore supply vessel.
Image Completion and Its Application in Cultural Relic Preservation

The restoration of damaged images or the removal of shielding materials in a given image is well known as image completion. An important method is the exemplar-based image completion, which propagates pixel information in the source region into the missing region. Firstly, we compute the filling priority of unknown pixels based on the color and structure information, and determine the patch whose center pixel has the highest priority. Then, find an optimal patch throughout the candidate region surrounding the missing region with SSD. Based on this method, this paper proposes an approach to address the balance problem between image completion quality and efficiency. In cultural relic preservation, our method can assist restorer to recover the damaged old pictures efficiently. The experimental results demonstrate this method can complete both texture and structure images in a visually pleasing manner. Keywords-Image completion; Missing region; Priority; Cultural relic preservation
Effect of high normal thyroid stimulating hormone levels on lipid parameters in non-diabetic subjects.

Aim: To investigate relationship between serum TSH and lipid parameters in subjects with different levels of TSH. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Clinical Biochemistry Department of Kasturba Medical College, Hospital Mangalore, between January 2014 to June 2014. Methodology: 348 subjects were screened of which 194 were selected. Lipid parameters, TSH, T3, T4 and glycemic status were determined. Association between TSH and serum lipids were studied by categorizing subjects into three groups based on their thyroid status. Group 1 [TSH= 0.27-2.5 mIU/L], Group 2 [TSH= 2.6-4.12 mIU/L] and Group 3 [TSH= 4.13-9.9mIU/L]. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The relationships between TSH and different parameters were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: TSH showed a significant positive linear correlation with total cholesterol (r=0.288; P = 0.001), Triglycerides (r=0.129; P=0.016), LDL cholesterol (r=0.305; P =0.001) and negative correlation with HDL (r = - 0.129; P=0.750). Increasing TSH showed a consistent linear association with altered lipids quite evident from the uppermost part of the reference range that is considered clinically normal and there on. Conclusion: A subtle variations of TSH alone in clinically normal thyroid state can alter serum lipids and hence asserts the role of TSH in maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Interferer Link-Aware Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

This paper presents a new metric for routing in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). The proposed metric does not only consider the quality of wireless links to choose a high throughput path between a pair of nodes, but it also includes the resulting interference introduced by using such links. The philosophy behind this metric is to choose a good path for an arriving connection, not necessarily the best in terms of throughput, but that alleviates the resulting interference in order to preserve good paths for the subsequent arriving connections. In doing so, we find that our metric significantly outperforms previously proposed routing metrics when multiple concurrent flows are considered in the network. The total network throughput is indeed increased.
How Context-Evoked Affect Influences Responses to Ads for High and Low Involving Products

Drawing upon the multiple roles of affect in the Elaboration Likelihood Model proposed by Petty, Cacioppo, and their colleagues (Petty, Cacioppo, & Kasmer, 1987; Petty, Cacioppo, Sedikides, & Strathman, 1988; Petty, DeSteno, & Rucker, 2001; Petty, Gleicher, & Baker, 1991), this study explored the different roles that affect plays in the ad message reception process for a high involving and a low involving product. As expected, findings showed that, when processing ad messages for a high involving product, participants in positive affective states responded more favorably to a positive ad cue than to a negative cue when ad arguments were weak, whereas ad cue valence did not influence their responses when ad arguments were strong. On the contrary, participants in negative affective states responded more favorably to ads with strong arguments than weak arguments but did not respond differently to ads with positive versus negative cues. However, the proposed main effect of affective state on ad judgments for a low involving product did not emerge.
Overlapping intracellular and differential synaptic distributions of dopamine D1 and glutamate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors in rat nucleus accumbens

The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) shell is highly implicated in psychostimulant‐evoked locomotor activity and reward, whereas the D1R in the Acb core is more crucial for appetitive instrumental learning. These behavioral effects depend in part on interactions involving glutamatergic N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, whose essential NR1 subunit has physical associations with the D1R. To determine the relevant sites for D1R activation and interactions involving NMDA receptors, we examined the electron microscopic immunolabeling of D1R and NR1 C‐terminal peptides in rat Acb shell and core. In each Acb subdivision, the D1Rs were located principally on extrasynaptic plasma membranes of dendritic shafts and spines and more rarely were associated with cytoplasmic endomembranes. Many D1R‐labeled somata and dendrites also contained NR1 immunoreactivity. In comparison with D1R, NR1 immunoreactivity was more often seen in the cytoplasm and near asymmetric synapses on somatodendritic profiles. In these profiles, notable overlapping distributions of D1R and NR1 occurred near endomembranes. The exclusively D1R‐ or D1R‐ and NR1‐containing dendrites were most prevalent in the Acb shell, but were also present in the Acb core. In each region, NR1 was also detected in axon terminals without D1R, which formed excitatory‐type synapses with D1R‐labeled dendrites. These results provide ultrastructural evidence that D1Rs in the Acb have subcellular distributions supporting, 1) intracellular cotrafficking with NR1 and 2) modulation of the postsynaptic excitability in spiny neurons affected by presynaptic NMDA receptor activation. The region‐specific differences in receptor distributions suggest a major, but not exclusive, involvement of Acb D1R in reward‐related processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:442–455, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The beads-on-string structure of viscoelastic threads

By adding minute concentrations of a high-molecular-weight polymer, liquid jets or bridges collapsing under the action of surface tension develop a characteristic shape of uniform threads connecting spherical fluid drops. In this paper, high-precision measurements of this beads-on-string structure are combined with a theoretical analysis of the limiting case of large polymer relaxation times and high polymer extensibilities, for which the evolution can be divided into two distinct regimes. For times smaller than the polymer relaxation time over which the beads-on-string structure develops, we give a simplified local description, which still retains the essential physics of the problem. At times much larger than the relaxation time, we show that the solution consists of exponentially thinning threads connecting almost spherical drops. Both experiment and theoretical analysis of a one-dimensional model equation reveal a self-similar structure of the corner where a thread is attached to the neighbouring drops.
The Influence of Teachers’ Perceptions of Student Temperament on Managerial Decision-Making

Eleven elementary physical education teachers provided information about their perceptions of 251 students’ temperament characteristics and estimates of four student aptitudes: motor ability, social interaction skills, motivation, and to what level of their potential students generally worked. Estimates of the frequency that teachers would attend to each child in typical instructional situations were also gathered. Factor analysis of the temperament measures revealed three independent factors: physical sensitivity, adaptability, and reactivity/task orientation. Teachers’ decisions to attend to children were regressed on temperament factors and student aptitude measures. The findings indicated that motor ability was the most important variable teachers reported they would use in making decisions about allocating their attention during instruction. The temperament factor reactivity/task orientation was the next most important factor. The analyses suggested that teachers would consider adaptability of studen.
Image Statistics and the Fine Lines of Material Perception

We experience vivid percepts of objects and materials despite complexities in the way images are structured by the interaction of light with surface properties (3D shape, albedo, and gloss or specularity). Although the perception of gloss (and lightness) has been argued to depend on image statistics (e.g., sub-band skew), studies have shown that perceived gloss depends critically on the structure of luminance variations in images. Here, we found that separately adapting observers to either positive or negative skew generated declines in perceived gloss, contrary to the predictions of theories involving image statistics. We also found similar declines in perceived gloss following adaptation to contours geometrically correlated with sharp specular edges. We further found this aftereffect was stronger when contour adaptors were aligned with specular edges compared with adaptation to the same contours rotated by 90°. These findings support the view that the perception of gloss depends critically on the visual system’s ability to encode specular edge structure and not image skew.
The Thousand Shades of the Financial and Economic Crisis: a Study of the Social Representations of the Crisis in Portugal

Abstract The study describes the representations of 453 Portuguese students about the present financial and economic crisis, examining the impact of the family financial situation on these representations, and the relationship between these representations and different factors likely to influence them. An initial word association task produced 2339 responses, from which 86.75% were classified into six classes by a downward hierarchical classification. Four classes (58.26% of the corpus) confirmed that the austerity measures implemented in Portugal affected the respondents with different degrees of severity: respondents described the consequences of the crisis in terms of misery, difficulties, or change, depending on their family’s income. More generally, the discourses (41.73% of the corpus) pointed out the factors that were viewed as responsible for the crisis as well as the geopolitical situation of Portugal. The answers given to opinion scales revealed a consistent pattern of results: respondents with a lower family income experienced less positive emotions toward the crisis (η2 = .03, p = .007), more negative emotions, stronger feelings of vulnerability and relative deprivation that resulted from comparison with others (all η2 ≥ .05, p < .001). However, the unequal consequences of the crisis were reflected neither in differences in the respondents’ expectations about their future situation, which they foresaw without great changes, nor in their lack of willingness to participate in protest actions against the austerity measures.