Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RuvABC Is Required to Resolve Holliday Junctions That Accumulate following Replication on Damaged Templates in Escherichia coli*

RuvABC is a complex that promotes branch migration and resolution of Holliday junctions. Although ruv mutants are hypersensitive to UV irradiation, the molecular event(s) that necessitate RuvABC processing in vivo are not known. Here, we used a combination of two-dimensional gel analysis and electron microscopy to reveal that although ruvAB and ruvC mutants are able to resume replication following arrest at UV-induced lesions, molecules that replicate in the presence of DNA damage accumulate unresolved Holliday junctions. The failure to resolve the Holliday junctions on the fully replicated molecules correlates with a delayed loss of genomic integrity that is likely to account for the loss of viability in these cells. The strand exchange intermediates that accumulate in ruv mutants are distinct from those observed at arrested replication forks and are not subject to resolution by RecG. These results indicate that the Holliday junctions observed in ruv mutants are intermediates of a repair pathway that is distinct from that of the recovery of arrested replication forks. A model is proposed in which RuvABC is required to resolve junctions that arise during the repair of a subset of nonarresting lesions after replication has passed through the template.
Aqueous Extracts of Toona sinensis Leaves Inhibit Renal Carcinoma Cell Growth and Migration Through JAK2/stat3, Akt, MEK/ERK, and mTOR/HIF-2α Pathways

ABSTRACT Toona sinensis (TS) is a type of deciduous tree, which is distributed widely in Asia and used as a traditional herb medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that aqueous extracts of TS leaves (TSL-1) induce apoptosis in two clear types of human renal carcinoma cells (ccRCC) via mitochondria-dependent pathway. In this study, we further investigated the more detailed mechanism of TSL-1-induced antitumor effects on ccRCCs. TSL-1 treatment arrested ccRCC cells in G0/G1 phase through the decrease of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, and CDK4 as well as induction of p53 and FOXO3a protein expressions. On the other hand, the inhibitory effects of TSL-1 on migration were also observed in 786-O and A-498 cells. Mechanically, we presented that TSL-1 could suppress cell cycle progression and motility via inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2/stat3, Akt, MEK/ERK, and mTOR in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that TSL-1 inhibited p21, HIF-2α, c-Myc, VEGF, and MMP9 protein expressions in both cell lines. In conclusion, these findings suggested that TS-induced apoptosis and its antimigration activity in ccRCC cells were accompanied by inactivation of several oncogenic pathways.
Matters of Cohesion in L2 Academic Texts.

This study presents a comparative analysis of medi an freq uency rates of explicit cohesive devices employed in academic texts of students who were speakers of such languages as English, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, and Arabic. Sp ecifi cally, the study focuses on the median f requency rates of uses of explicit cohesion devices, such as phrase-level coordinators, sentence transitions, logicalsemantic conjunctions, demo nstrative pronouns, and enumerative and resultative nouns in academic texts of native speakers (NSs) and nonnative speakers (NNSs) . The purpose of this study is determine the spec ific differences and similar ities in the uses ofexplicit cohesion devices in a NS and NNS corp us of 897 academic essays totalling 265,812 words. This quantitative analysis of common cohes ive devices in NS and NNS academic texts indicates that even advanced NNS students who have completed their English as a second language (ESL) and composition training continue to rely on a restricted repertoire of f eatures in constructing unified text. The study shows that, regardless of their native language (LI), speakers of Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, and Arabic employ sentence transitions and demonstrative pronouns at significantly higher median f requency rates than do NSs. However, in second language (L2) texts the sentence transitions do not necessarily mark a contextualized flow of information. In fa ct, in L2 texts, the preponder ance of se ntence tr ansitions and demonstratives often refl ects NNS writers ' attempts to construct a unified idea fl ow within the constraints of a limited syntactic and lexical range ofaccessible linguistic means. Another issue that needs to be addressed in L2 writing instruction is the employment of coo rdinating conj unctions by speakers of Indonesian and Arabic.
The Rise and Fall of It All: The Hemlines and Hiplines of the 1920s

That the hemline of women's daytime costume became increasingly elevated during the 1920s, and that this costume often evidenced stylistic emphasis around the anatomical hipline, are two traditional concepts promulgated by most costume historians. In the current investigation, 1,978 women's daytime fashion illustrations, published within Good Housekeeping between February 1920 and December 1929, were measured to test the accuracy of these often communicated beliefs. While the data did substantiate that hemlines rose and hiplines were emphasized during the 1920s, it was noted that the actual transitional movements of these two style details, as plotted by the results of the study, were not so simply described. Hemlines, for example, lengthened during 1922 and 1923, before beginning an upward trend in 1924, reaching the most elevated position in 1927. A relatively stable period ensued until October 1929, when the dress skirt again began to grow longer. Thus, the publication of longer skirts predated the stock market crash of October 29, 1929, by approximately one month. Similarly, the specific location of waist/hip emphasis dropped between the years of 1920 and 1925, thereafter followed by a gradual rise. A modest inverse relationship was noted between the fluctuating positions of the waist/hip design features and hemline locations. It was discovered that data collected from sketched fashion illustrations reflected slightly more exaggerated versions of a concurrent style than did data collected from photographs.
The basic science of memory as it applies to epilepsy

Summary The mechanisms of memory delineated by the model of long‐term potentiation (LTP) are similar to those underlying epileptogenesis by kindling. Memory is impaired by seizures and epilepsy. High frequency neural activity is important in both memory formation and seizures. Both kindling and LTP are most effectively induced by high‐frequency stimuli, involve synaptic facilitation, and share overlapping molecular mechanisms, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐induced calcium cascade and protein synthesis. The hippocampus contributes to both through its role in memory formation and its low seizure threshold.
Incidence of cardiovascular events in white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension versus true normotension: a meta-analysis

Objective To perform a meta-analysis on the incidence of cardiovascular events in white-coat hypertension (WCHT), masked and sustained hypertension in comparison with true normotension. Methods We searched for individual studies, in which the adjusted relative risk of incident cardiovascular events was assessed in patients with WCHT, masked and sustained hypertension versus normotension in the same study population. For each type of hypertension, the weighted overall hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Seven studies were identified, involving a total of 11 502 participants. Four studies were performed in the population, two in primary care and one in specialist care. Two studies were exclusively on treated hypertensive patients; individuals on antihypertensive treatment were included in all the other studies except one. Cut-off blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg for office blood pressure in all studies and 135/85 mmHg (83 in one study) for out-of-office blood pressure. The average age of the study populations was 63 years; 53% were men. The endpoint consisted of cardiovascular death in one study and of various aggregates of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in the others. During an average follow-up of 8.0 years, there were 912 first cardiovascular events. The overall adjusted HR versus normotension was 1.12 (95% CI 0.84–1.50) for WCHT (P = 0.59), 2.00 (1.58–2.52) for masked hypertension (P < 0.001), and 2.28 (1.87–2.78) for sustained hypertension (P < 0.001). Conclusion The meta-analysis indicates that the incidence of cardiovascular events is not significantly different between WCHT and true normotension, whereas the outcome is worse in patients with masked or sustained hypertension.
The Acquisition of Classifiers in American Sign Language

The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the developmental stages that deaf children pass through in acquiring the adult form of pronominal classifiers in American Sign Language, by obtaining data on production, comprehension, and imitation from nine children aged three to eleven years. All nine children are congenitally, profoundly deaf and have deaf parents. In all cases classifiers were mastered much later than would be predicted from a timetable for signs with similar structure. Evidence was found for a developmental sequence and for acquisition strategies similar to those that have been identified for hearing children learning a spoken language; e.g. handshapes that could be produced correctly in non-classifier signs were replaced by motorically easier handshapes in classifier signs made by children in this study. It is suggested that this is the result of complexities associated with classifier usage.
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor AMPA 1 Is Associated with Ovulation Rate

Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system by opening ion channels upon the binding of glutamate. Despite the essential roles of glutamate in the control of reproduction and anterior pituitary hormone secretion, there is a limited understanding of how glutamate receptors control ovulation. Here we reveal the function of the ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA-1 (GRIA1) in ovulation. Based on a genome-wide association study in Bos taurus, we found that ovulation rate is influenced by a variation in the N-terminal leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein (LIVBP) domain of GRIA1, in which serine is replaced by asparagine. GRIA1Asn has a weaker affinity to glutamate than GRIA1Ser, both in Xenopus oocytes and in the membrane fraction of bovine brain. This single amino acid substitution leads to the decreased release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Cows with GRIA1Asn have a slower luteinizing hormone (LH) surge than cows with GRIA1Ser. In addition, cows with GRIA1Asn possess fewer immature ovarian follicles before superovulation and have a lower response to hormone treatment than cows with GRIA1Ser. Our work identified that GRIA1 is a critical mediator of ovulation and that GRIA1 might be a useful target for reproductive therapy.
Learning environment in medical schools adopting different educational strategies

Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) has adopted the problem based learning (PBL) curriculum. This study investigates the educational environment in the school, it also compares the educational environment prevailing in problem based learning curriculum with that of conventional and outcome based curricula. A cross sectional study included one hundred and thirty seven males and females medical students (years 1, 2 and 3). The students completed The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory questionnaire at the end of the second semester. The data were compared between the studied groups and also with the similar data from conventional and outcome based curricula. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare between different groups and curricula. There were no significant differences in the scores of DREEM questionnaire between the studied groups (years 1, 2 and 3) within the Faculty of Medicine, KFMC. However, there were significant differences between the scores among the medical schools adopting PBL, conventional and outcome based curricula. DREEM scores of Faculty of Medicine at KFMC were significantly higher than the medical schools adopting conventional learning system in Saudi Arabia but were significantly lower than Medical School of Dundee University which adopts the outcome based learning. Educational strategy could be one of the factors that affect the educational environment. Problem based learning could be a better educational environment compared to conventional curriculum. However, the educational environment is not as good as that in schools adopting more innovative strategies of teaching such as that of the outcome based learning. Key words: Problem based learning, curriculum, educational environment, DREEM inventory.
The effect of glucocorticoids in the normal cerebral hemisphere of brain tumour patients

Objectives – To study the potential effects of glucocorticoids (GC) in normal white matter (WM) of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere in brain tumour patients in a prospective protocol. Materials and methods – Using MR relaxation time (RT) imaging (T1 and T2‐maps), 190 different scanning sessions were performed on 42 brain tumour patients before and after initiation of GC‐treatment. RT imaging correlates closely with in vivo tissue water content (reported estimation accuracy error <4%). Repetitive studies were performed in order to study changes as a function of time. RTs were measured in the contralateral frontal and occipital white matter (WM). Results – The mean change in T1 after initiation of GC treatment was 1.61. 7% (P=0.24), and 1.83. 8% in T2. The mean coefficient of variation for the pooled data in all patients was 1.4% for both T1 and T2. There were no differences in effect between different histological types of tumours or sex. Conclusion – GC treatment does not influence in vivo cerebral water content expressed as relaxation times of apparently normal WM. The neurological effects in brain tumour patients are normally evident within 24 h, but do not seem to correlate with changes in brain water content. The normal biological variation in RTs (and thereby in vivo tissue water content) in normal WM of brain tumour patients is very small and approaches the expected fluctuations in the MRI measurement technique.
Impact of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor‐1 on treatment response and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor‐1 (APE1/Ref‐1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA repair and redox signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between APE1/Ref‐1 expression and clinicopathological features, survival, and treatment response in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and cell lines.
Values and ethics in practice-based decision making

Background. Values are evident in health ethics literature; however, it is seldom clear how they are visible in practice. Purpose. The aim of this study was to illuminate how values inform occupational therapists’ decision making in practice. Method. Fifteen New Zealand community occupational therapists completed this embedded experimental mixed-methods study. A pre-deliberation questionnaire was completed prior to deliberation of a case study using web-based values transparency software, the Values Exchange, followed by a post-deliberation questionnaire. Categorical data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. Written responses to open questions were thematically analyzed. Findings. Most participants disagreed with the proposed action for the case. Degrees of divergence, concern for dignity and risk, and values-based reasoning were found, revealing how ethical deliberation was values based. Implications. Recognition and transparency of the values inherent in practice-based decision making is possible and desirable in promoting sound ethical reasoning. Description. Les valeurs sont évidentes dans la littérature sur l’éthique en matière de santé; toutefois, elles sont rarement clairement visibles dans la pratique. But. Cette étude avait pour but de mettre en relief la façon dont les valeurs orientent la prise de décision des ergothérapeutes dans la pratique. Méthodologie. Quinze ergothérapeutes travaillant dans les services à base communautaire en Nouvelle-Zélande ont participé à cette étude basée sur des méthodes expérimentales mixtes et intégrées. Un questionnaire a été rempli avant la délibération sur une étude de cas, à l’aide de Values Exchange, un logiciel sur la transparence des valeurs basé sur le web, suivi d’un questionnaire après la délibération. Les catégories de données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques non-paramétriques. Les réponses aux questions ouvertes ont été analysées thématiquement. Résultats. La plupart des participants n’étaient pas d’accord avec l’action proposée pour le cas. Les degrés de divergence, les préoccupations relatives à la dignité et au risque et le raisonnement basé sur les valeurs ont été mis en évidence, indiquant à quel point la délibération éthique était basée sur les valeurs. Conséquences. La reconnaissance et la transparence des valeurs inhérentes à la prise de décision dans la pratique sont possibles et souhaitables pour favoriser un raisonnement éthique solide.
“Who Are Your Friends?” — A Simple Mechanism that achieves perfect network formation

A fundamental challenge in peer-to-peer and online social networks is the design of a simple, distributed algorithm that allows users to discover, and connect to, peers who closely match their interests or preferences. In this paper, we consider an algorithm that is based on simple, local comparisons, and analyze it to provide insights into why similar peer discovery algorithms work well in practice. To do so, we use a mathematical framework to characterize the closeness of individual interests, and formally introduce the notion of a “perfect network formation” under the framework. Our analysis shows that the proposed algorithm indeeds achieves perfect network formation. Our analysis uses bounding techniques based on Chernoff bounds.
Context-Induced Paranormal Experiences: Support for Houran and Lange's Model of Haunting Phenomena

Houran and Lange's psychological model of haunting phenomena predicts that contextual variables alone are sufficient to induce poltergeist-like perceptions. 22 subjects individually visited five areas of a performance theater and were asked to notice the environment. 11 subjects in an informed condition were instructed that the location was haunted, while 11 in the control condition were told that the building was simply under renovation. Subjects' perceptions in both conditions were recorded via Green, et al.'s 1992 experiential questionnaire which contains 10 subscales related to psychological and physiological perceptions. Analysis yielded significantly more intense perceptual experiences on nine of the ten subscales in the informed condition, indicating that demand characteristics alone can stimulate paranormal-type experiences.
Applying social psychology to the study of environmental concern and environmental worldviews: contributions from the social representations approach

Recently some social psychological approaches have intensified their contributions to research in the environmental domain, helping it to focus more consistently on the shared aspects of all environment related experiences. The goal of this paper is that of joining these efforts, exploring the contributions of the social representations approach to research on environmental concern and environmental thought, as another area for applying social psychological knowledge. The paper first sketches how the environmental concern of the publics emerged in the 70s as a problem for the social sciences and proceeds to summarizing the main characteristics of this research, focusing on three problematic areas: (1) incipient theoretical integration among the frameworks dominating research; (2) insufficient reflection about the assumptions and measurement of the concepts employed; (3) a need for new research questions that push studies beyond the analysis of the socio-demographical correlates of beliefs. Afterwards a presentation of social representations theory will be undertaken and the usefulness of the approach to deal with some aspects of the problematic areas identified will be explored, with examples from recent research, and highlighting the importance of focusing on contradiction, polyphasia, and the articulation of the local and the global. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of childhood bereavement on secondary school performance

This paper reports on a UK survey of GCSE examination results for children from schools throughout England who had lost a parent (n = 73) or sibling (n = 24) through death to establish whether this had a long‐term impact on school performance, levels of anxiety and self‐esteem, and school attendance. Participants were matched for school, age, gender and ethnicity, and a smaller group for socio‐economic status. The Speilberger Anxiety and Coopersmith self‐esteem inventories were administered alongside a customised family history questionnaire. Bereaved participants underachieved significantly depending upon age, gender, and parents' employment history. There was also a significant rise in anxiety among the parentally bereaved group. School attendance seemed unaffected. Childhood bereavement appears to be a robust factor in underachievement. The totality of the survey findings is discussed prospectively in this paper.
Prediction and Determination of Undrained Shear Strengthof Soft Clay at Bukit Raja

This paper presents the results of a study to predict and determine undrained shear strength, s", a very important parameter in design practice, for Klang clay, Malaysia. s is determined using field and laboratory vane shear and recompression method utilizing the direct simple shear (DSS) apparatus. Prediction of "was accomplished using the SHANSEP procedure and the critical state model. A test borehole at Bukit Raja, Klangs, was used for this study. Comparisons of s" values obtained by these methods are made. It is found that all the methods employed show the same trend of s" with depth. The vane shear test gives the highest estimation of s", followed by the recompression method, SHANSEP method and critical state method.