Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the induced currents in horizontal conductors due to a nearby lightning strike

A nearby lightning strike can induce significant currents in long horizontal and tall down conductors. Although the magnitude of the current in this case is much smaller than that encountered during a direct strike, the probability of occurrence and the frequency content is higher. In view of this, appropriate knowledge of the characteristics of such induced currents is relevant for the interpretation of recorded currents. Considering these, the present paper discusses a modeling procedure that permits simulation of lightning-induced voltages or currents on overhead lines due to a nearby lightning strikes. The hypothesis of perfect conducting ground, generally adopted in studies on the subject, is discussed in order to better assess the validity of the simulation results. In this paper, homogeneous non-perfect ground is also investigated for the influence of lightning-induced voltage. The procedure for analyses of the voltages induced on an overhead line by a nearby lightning return stroke with a striking point in an unequal distance from the line terminations. The analysis shows that lightning induced voltages depend on the soil conductivity.
Exploring of Academic Procrastination among Students at University Level and Its Relationship with Their Academic Performance

The study was carried out with aim to explore the procrastination among students at university level and its relationship with the academic achievement of the students. By employing random sampling technique study was delimited to 150 students out of which 75 students were of undergraduates and 75 students were graduate. These students were selected from Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The study was conducted by employing two scales of uniformity “Procrastination Scale” and “Academic Achievement Scale” having validity . 85 and reliability 0.83. procrastination Predisposition and academic performance level among students was explored with the help of statistics: on the other, procrastination keeping in view the degree level was checked by employing independent t-test. Moreover, to find out the procrastination and academic performance relationship; bivariate Pearson correlation „r‟ was applied. The research explored that more than half of students are the victim of procrastination and among these the students of undergraduate level were more inclined towards procrastination at work on university level. Procrastination had a negative correlation with academic performance of students that depicts if procrastination get higher the academic performance decreases among students. Therefore, it is concluded that procrastination has a significant relationship with academics’ performance of students. The study may be helpful for the university level stake holders to draw their attention on devastating phenomenon of procrastination and to work upon those areas that mediate and moderate the negative relationship between procrastination and academic performance of students.
Abundances of four open clusters from solar stars

Aims. We present the abundance measurements of several elements (Fe, Ca, Na, Ni, Ti, Al, Cr, Si) for 20 solar-type stars belonging to four Galactic open clusters: NGC 3680, IC 4651, Praesepe, and M 67. Oxygen abundances were in addition measured for most stars in each cluster apart from IC 4651. For NGC 3680, accurate abundance determinations using high-resolution spectra covering a large spectral domain are computed for the first time. Methods. We used UVES high-resolution, high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio spectra and performed a differential analysis with respect to the sun, by measuring equivalent widths and assuming LTE. Results. The most surprising result is a measurement of significant supersolar metallicity for Praesepe ([Fe/H] = 0.27 ± 0.10). As for the other clusters, we confirm a supersolar metallicity for IC 4651 ([Fe/H] = 0.12 ± 0.05), a solar metallicity for M 67 ([Fe/H] = 0.03 ± 0.04) and a slight subsolar metallicity for NGC 3680 ([Fe/H] = −0.04 ± 0.03). We find that the abundance ratios of almost all elements are solar, with the notable exception of oxygen in NGC 3680 and Praesepe, supersolar in the former cluster ([O/Fe] = 0.2 ± 0.05) and as low as [O/Fe] = −0.4 ± 0.1 in the latter. Observations of several objects per cluster is required to obtain robust results, especially for those elements with a limited number of suitable lines.
The effects of computer assisted instruction for students with learning disabilities in a self-contained social studies setting

v List of Figures . ix List of Tables . x Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Statement of the Problem . 2 Significance of the Study . 4 Purpose of the Study . 6 Research Questions . 6 Hypotheses . 6 Key Term . 7 Computer Assisted Instruction . 7 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature . 8 Reading and Students with Disabilities . 8 Comprehension Assessment . 12 Computer Assisted Instruction . 13 Motivation . 20 Feedback . 21 Achieve3000 . 23 Conclusions . 27 Chapter 3: Methodology . 28 Setting . 28 School . 28
Structural basis for improved efficacy of therapeutic antibodies on defucosylation of their Fc glycans

Removal of the fucose residue from the N‐glycans of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) results in a dramatic enhancement of antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through improved affinity for Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa). Here, we present the 2.2‐Å structure of the complex formed between nonfucosylated IgG1‐Fc and a soluble form of FcγRIIIa (sFcγRIIIa) with two N‐glycosylation sites. The crystal structure shows that one of the two N‐glycans of sFcγRIIIa mediates the interaction with nonfucosylated Fc, thereby stabilizing the complex. However, fucosylation of the Fc N‐glycans inhibits this interaction, because of steric hindrance, and furthermore, negatively affects the dynamics of the receptor binding site. Our results offer a structural basis for improvement in ADCC of therapeutic antibodies by defucosylation.
Metacognition : What Roles Does It Play in Students’ Academic Performance?

This paper discusses metacognition, defined as thinking about one’s own thinking, and its relation ship to student’s academic performance. A number of previous studies have shown that metacognition and intelligence were associated, and there fore suggested that students who have metacognition end to be successful learners. This paper also reports on a study investigating the relationship between students’ academic achievement and metacognitive awareness, which has been done at a private secondary school in Kuching. An established instrument by Schraw and Dennison’s Metacognitive Awareness Inventory is used for the purpose of this study.
Biomechanical Effects of Prefabricated Foot Orthoses and Rocker‐Sole Footwear in Individuals With First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis

To evaluate the effects of prefabricated foot orthoses and rocker‐sole footwear on spatiotemporal parameters, hip and knee kinematics, and plantar pressures in people with first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. A total of 102 people with first MTP joint OA were randomly allocated to receive prefabricated foot orthoses or rocker‐sole footwear. The immediate biomechanical effects of the interventions (compared to usual footwear) were examined using a wearable sensor motion analysis system and an in‐shoe plantar pressure measurement system.
Analysis of Leaf Features in Chili Plants Using Automated Color Equalization (ACE)

Chili is a variety of crop groups that have promising business prospects. To obtain optimal agricultural yield, then the process of plant care and how to planting should be maximal. Constraints often experienced by farmers in the process of planting chili in Magelang re- gency of Indonesia is a disease of yellow leaves. Some diseases in plants can be identified using precision technology, one of them is by using an image or image-based technology. In previous studies, no one has analyzed using feature extraction using ACE as an analysis to detect plant disease in chili. In this study will extract features using Automated Color Equalization (ACE) which is then classified using SVM (Support Vector Machine) for disease identification based on its leaves. With this method, the accuracy of the extraction results in a combination of 80% texture features, color feature extraction, and a combination of 80% color feature texture
Social work students’ perceptions of obesity

ABSTRACT Research indicates that mental health and medical professionals often hold negative views of overweight or obese people. Little is known about weight prejudice among social work students. In order to address this gap in the literature, this study examines the attitudes of Bachelor of social work and Master of social work students (n = 250) toward persons who are overweight and/or obese. Consistent with the literature, findings indicate generally those with higher body mass index scores are more likely to believe that obesity is beyond their control. Further, although age was correlated with Beliefs About Obese People scores, it was not a significant predictor. Implications for social work social justice and cultural competency curriculum are discussed.
In Economics and Social Sciences Working Papers Series Does Decentralization Matter for Regional Disparities? a Cross-country Analysis Does Decentralization Matter for Regional Disparities? a Cross-country Analysis Does Decentralization Matter for Regional Disparities? a Cross-country Analysis

* The authors are grateful to Ramiro Gil Serrate for his work in the compilation and setting up of the database. Government, and the Welsh Assembly Government. The support of these funders is acknowledged. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funders. Abstract This paper looks at the relationship between fiscal and political decentralization and the evolution of regional inequalities in a panel of 26 countries – 19 developed and 7 developing – for the period between 1990 and 2006. Using an instrumental variables method, it finds that whereas for the whole sample decentralization is completely dissociated for the evolution of regional disparities, the results are highly contingent on the level of development, the existing level of territorial inequalities, and the fiscal redistributive capacity of the countries in the sample. Decentralization in high income countries has, if anything, been associated with a reduction of regional inequality. In low and medium income countries, fiscal decentralization has been associated with a significant rise in regional disparities, which the positive effects of political decentralization have been unable to compensate. Policy preferences by subnational governments for expenditure in economic affairs, education, and social protection have contributed to this trend.
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Gender differences in competition emerge early in life

We study gender differences in the willingness to compete in a large-scale experiment with 1,035 children and teenagers, aged three to eighteen years. Using an easy math task for children older than eight years and a running task for the younger ones we find that boys are much more likely to enter a tournament than girls across the whole age spectrum considered here. This gender gap is observed already with three-year olds, indicating that gender differences in competitiveness emerge very early in life. The gap is robust to controlling for gender differences in risk attitudes and overconfidence. JEL-Code: C91, D03
Parallel repetition for entangled k-player games via fast quantum search

We present two parallel repetition theorems for the entangled value of multi-player, one-round free games (games where the inputs come from a product distribution). Our first theorem shows that for a k-player free game G with entangled value val* (G) = 1 - e, the n-fold repetition of G has entangled value val* (G⊗n) at most (1 - e3/2)Ω(n/sk4), where s is the answer length of any player. In contrast, the best known parallel repetition theorem for the classical value of two-player free games is val(G⊗n) ≤ (1 - e2)Ω(n/s), due to Barak, et al. (RANDOM 2009). This suggests the possibility of a separation between the behavior of entangled and classical free games under parallel repetition. Our second theorem handles the broader class of free games G where the players can output (possibly entangled) quantum states. For such games, the repeated entangled value is upper bounded by (1 - e2)Ω(n/sk2). We also show that the dependence of the exponent on k is necessary: we exhibit a k-player free game G and n ≥ 1 such that val*(G⊗n) ≥ val*(G)n/k. Our analysis exploits the novel connection between communication protocols and quantum parallel repetition, first explored by Chailloux and Scarpa (ICALP 2014). We demonstrate that better communication protocols yield better parallel repetition theorems: in particular, our first theorem crucially uses a quantum search protocol by Aaronson and Ambainis, which gives a quadratic Grover speed-up for distributed search problems. Finally, our results apply to a broader class of games than were previously considered before; in particular, we obtain the first parallel repetition theorem for entangled games involving more than two players, and for games involving quantum outputs.
Chronic Mild Stress during Gestation Worsens Neonatal Brain Lesions in Mice

Cerebral palsy remains a public health priority. Recognition of factors of susceptibility to perinatal brain lesions is key for the prevention of cerebral palsy. In most cases, the pathophysiology of these lesions is thought to involve prior exposure to predisposing factors that make the developing brain more vulnerable to perinatal events. The present study tested the hypothesis that exposure to chronic minimal stress throughout gestation would sensitize the offspring to neonatal excitotoxic brain lesions, which mimic lesions observed in cerebral palsy. Pregnant mice were exposed to chronic, ultramild stress, applied throughout gestation. Neonatal brain lesions were induced by intracerebral injection of glutamate analogs. Excitotoxic lesions were significantly worsened in pups exposed to gestational stress. Stress induced a significant rise of circulating corticosterone levels both in pregnant mothers and in newborn pups. The deleterious effects of stress on excitotoxicity were totally suppressed in mice with reduced levels of glucocorticoid receptors. Stress induced a significant increase of neopallial NMDA binding sites in the offspring. At adulthood, animals exposed to stress and neonatal excitotoxic challenge showed a significant impairment in the Morris water maze test when compared with animals exposed to the excitotoxic challenge but not the gestational stress. These findings suggest that stress during gestation, which may mimic low-level stress in human pregnancy, could be a novel risk factor for cerebral palsy.
Anti-Social Behavior in Groups

This paper provides strong evidence supporting the long-standing speculation that decisionmaking in groups has a dark side, by magnifying the prevalence of anti-social behavior towards outsiders. A large-scale experiment implemented in Slovakia and Uganda (N=2,309) reveals that deciding in a group with randomly assigned peers increases the prevalence of anti-social behavior that reduces everyones payoff but which improves the relative position of own group. The effects are driven by the influence of a group context on individual behavior, rather than by group deliberation. The observed patterns are strikingly similar on both continents.
Amount of intergalactic dust: constraints from distant supernovae and the thermal history of the intergalactic medium

In this paper we examine the allowed amount of intergalactic (IG) dust, which is constrained by extinction and reddening of distant Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the thermal history of the intergalactic medium (IGM) affected by dust photoelectric heating. Based on the observational cosmic star formation history, we find an upper bound of X, the mass ratio of the IG dust to the total metal in the Universe, as X ≤ 0.1 for 10 A ≤ a ≤ 0.1 μm and X ≤ 0.1(a/0.1 μm) for 0.1 ≤ a ≤ 1 μm, where a is a characteristic grain size of the IG dust. This upper bound of X ∼ 0.1 suggests that the dust-to-metal ratio in the IGM is smaller than the current Galactic value. The corresponding allowed density of the IG dust increases from ∼10 -34 g cm -3 at z = 0 to ∼10 -33 g cm -3 at z ∼ 1, and keeps almost the value toward higher redshift. This causes IG extinction of ≤0.2 mag at the observer's B band for z ∼ 1 sources and that of ≤ 1 mag for higher redshift sources. Furthermore, if E(B-V) ∼ 0.1 mag at the observer's frame against z ≥ 1 sources is detected, we can conclude that a typical size of the IG dust is ≤ 100 A. The signature of the 2175-A feature of small graphite may be found as a local minimum at z ∼ 2.5 in a plot of the observed E(B-V) as a function of the source redshift. Finally, the IGM mean temperature at z ≤ 1 can be still higher than 10 4 K, provided the size of the IG dust is < 100 A.
Learning to Understand Web Site Update Requests

Although Natural Language Processing (NLP) for requests for information has been well-studied, there has been little prior work on understanding requests to update information. In this paper, we propose an intelligent system that can process natural language website update requests semi-automatically. In particular, this system can analyze requests, posted via email, to update the factual content of individual tuples in a database-backed website. Users' messages are processed using a scheme decomposing their requests into a sequence of entity recognition and text classification tasks. Using a corpus generated by human-subject experiments, we experimentally evaluate the performance of this system, as well as its robustness in handling request types not seen in training, or user-specific language styles not seen in training.
Looking Behind the Stage: Influence and Effect of Software-as-a-Service on Socio-technical Elements in Companies

With Software-as-a-Services (SaaS), benefits such as cost efficiency and flexibility gains are associated, which drive decision-makers to increasingly take this technology into account not only for supporting business processes, but also for core business processes. However, the trailing IT organizational impacts of SaaS integrations after the implementation phase often remain hidden. This paper examines the effects of SaaS on the perceived technical change radicalness and the perceived IT organizational changes from the perspective of the socio-technical systems theory. We derive a research model that is suited to IT employees at SaaS using companies to investigate the changes in their daily tasks. The model is tested with data collected from 66 IT employees from various sectors in German-speaking countries. The empirical results indicate that an increasing SaaS usage level leads to instability in the socio-technical balance of using companies. Especially the perceived individual job outcome, a measure for soft facts such as job satisfaction, indicates that SaaS affects internal IT employees in a negative sense. Our valuable findings help management to understand the need for balancing both their willingness for SaaS adoption and the social impacts. The understanding of this interrelation helps the enforcement of more sustainable SaaS implementations.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors at Glutamate Synapses Facilitate Long-Term Depression or Potentiation

The hippocampus is a center for learning and memory that receives abundant cholinergic innervation and richly expresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotinic mechanisms acting on the hippocampus influence attention, learning, and memory. During Alzheimer's dementia, nAChRs and cholinergic innervation decline in the hippocampus. Using mouse hippocampal slices, we examined the potential diversity of nAChR influences at the Schaffer collateral synapse onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. When nAChR currents were elicited locally at those excitatory synapses, various outcomes were possible depending on the relationship between the nAChR-mediated excitation and mild electrical stimulation. When mild presynaptic stimulation coincided with or preceded nAChR-induced action potentials by 1-5 s, then long-term potentiation was induced. However, if the nAChR-induced action potentials fell within 1 s before the electrical stimulation, then long-term depression resulted. Outside of these time frames, the mismatch of nAChR activity and stimulation led to short-term potentiation. The results indicate that nAChRs may have various influences over excitatory events in the hippocampus. Ongoing nAChR activity likely modulates the impact of glutamate transmission and alters the probabilities for various forms of synaptic plasticity. The fine network of cholinergic fibers running through the hippocampus forms synaptic contacts onto pyramidal cells, granule cells, and interneurons, ensuring continual modulatory influence by nicotinic mechanisms throughout the hippocampal complex. Disruption of events such as those described here may contribute to the deficits associated with the decline of nicotinic cholinergic functions during degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia.
Investigation into the radiobiological consequences of pre-treatment verification imaging with megavoltage X-rays in radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatment verification imaging with megavoltage X-rays on cancer and normal cell survival in vitro and to compare the findings with theoretically modelled data. Since the dose received from pre-treatment imaging can be significant, the incorporation of this dose at the planning stage of treatment has been suggested. METHODS The impact of imaging dose incorporation on cell survival was investigated by clonogenic assay of irradiated DU-145 prostate cancer, H460 non-small-cell lung cancer and AGO-1522b normal tissue fibroblast cells. Clinically relevant imaging-to-treatment times of 7.5 and 15 min were chosen for this study. The theoretical magnitude of the loss of radiobiological efficacy due to sublethal damage repair was investigated using the Lea-Catcheside dose protraction factor model. RESULTS For the cell lines investigated, the experimental data showed that imaging dose incorporation had no significant impact on cell survival. These findings were in close agreement with theoretical results. CONCLUSION For the conditions investigated, the results suggest that allowance for the imaging dose at the planning stage of treatment should not adversely affect treatment efficacy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE There is a paucity of data in the literature on imaging effects in radiotherapy. This article presents a systematic study of imaging dose effects on cancer and normal cell survival, providing both theoretical and experimental evidence for clinically relevant imaging doses and imaging-to-treatment times. The data provide a firm foundation for further study into this highly relevant area of research.