Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Return to the Scene of the Punishment: Recidivism of Adult Male Property Offenders on Felony Probation, 1986-1989

Felony probation has become a prominent alternative for overcrowded prisons in the United States. Using a national sample, the results of this felony probation study indicate a recidivism rate of 31.2 percent among male property offenders sentenced to felony probation. Extending past research, we also look at White, Black, and Hispanic male probationers separately. Recidivism among White, Black, and Hispanic felony probationers is 25, 35.8, and 39.8 percent, respectively. More importantly, following prior studies of recidivism using state-level samples, equations were designed to examine the influence of race, ethnicity, drug abuse history, age, marital status, education level, employment history, prior felony convictions, probation term, and supervision level on felony rearrests. Overall, this study indicates that supervisors of felony property offenders need to pay particularly close attention to those probationers with a drug-abuse history, who have shorter probation sentences, and, perhaps, to those who are older.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Preserved or Mildly Reduced Left Ventricular Function at Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmias

Background—The purpose of this study was to assess whether delayed enhancement (DE) on MRI is associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation or death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and left ventricular ejection fraction >35%. Methods and Results—Fifty-one patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and left ventricular ejection fraction >35% underwent DE-MRI. DE was assessed by visual scoring and quantified with the full-width at half-maximum method. The patients were followed for 48.0±20.2 months. Twenty-two of 51 patients (63%) had DE. Forty patients had no prior history of VT (primary prevention cohort). Among those, 3 patients developed VT and 2 patients died. DE was associated with risk of VT/ventricular fibrillation or death (P=0.0032 for any DE and P<0.0001 for right ventricular DE). The positive predictive values of the presence of any DE, multifocal DE, and right ventricular DE for death or VT/ventricular fibrillation at mean follow-up of 48 months were 22%, 48%, and 100%, respectively. Among the 11 patients with a history of VT before the MRI, 10 patients had subsequent VTs, 1 of whom died. Conclusions—RV DE in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is associated with a risk of adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and preserved ejection fraction in the absence of a prior history of VT. Patients with DE and a prior history of VT have a high VT recurrence rate. Patients without DE on MRI have a low risk of VT.
A Review of Structure Construction of Silk Fibroin Biomaterials from Single Structures to Multi-Level Structures

The biological performance of artificial biomaterials is closely related to their structure characteristics. Cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation are all strongly affected by the different scale structures of biomaterials. Silk fibroin (SF), extracted mainly from silkworms, has become a popular biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility, exceptional mechanical properties, tunable degradation, ease of processing, and sufficient supply. As a material with excellent processability, SF can be processed into various forms with different structures, including particulate, fiber, film, and three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds. This review discusses and summarizes the various constructions of SF-based materials, from single structures to multi-level structures, and their applications. In combination with single structures, new techniques for creating special multi-level structures of SF-based materials, such as micropatterning and 3D-printing, are also briefly addressed.
Toward a statistically optimal method for estimating geometric relations from noisy data: cases of linear relations

In many problems of computer vision we have to estimate parameters in the presence of nuisance parameters increasing with the amount of data. It is known that, unlike in the cases without nuisance parameters, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is not optimal in the presence of nuisance parameters. By optimal we mean that the resulting estimate is unbiased and its variance attains the theoretical lower bound in an asymptotic sense. Thus, naive application of MLE to computer vision has a potential problem. This applies to a wide range of problems from conic fitting to bundle adjustment. For this nuisance parameter problem, studies have been conducted in statistics for a long time, whereas they have hardly been studied in the computer vision community. We cast light on the methods developed in statistics for obtaining optimal estimates and explore the possibility of applying them to computer vision problems. In this paper we focus on the cases where data and nuisance parameters are linearly connected. As examples, optical flow estimation and affine structure and motion problems are considered. Through experiments, we show that the estimation accuracy is improved in several cases.
Juveniles and Weapons

This article summarizes recent research on juvenile access to firearms, juvenile weapon carrying, variables associated with juvenile weapon carrying, and the unlawful use of weapons by juveniles. Although weapon-associated juvenile violence has declined since the mid-1990s, research indicates that juveniles have easy access to firearms and that delinquent juveniles are more likely than nondelinquent juveniles to own and carry guns and other weapons. However, there are no empirical data that indicate that the majority of juvenile gun owners or weapon carriers are delinquents. Thus, for purposes of policy and program development, a distinction should be drawn between (a) juveniles who own and carry firearms and other weapons for legitimate reasons and (b) juveniles who own and carry firearms and other weapons for crime-related reasons.
Drawings of emotionally characterised figures by children from different educational backgrounds

Previous research has shown that children systematically alter the size and colour of their drawings in response to the emotional character of the figures which they draw. However, these findings have been demonstrated only with children receiving mainstream Western education. This experiment was designed to investigate whether children receiving a different kind of education also use scaling and colour differentially for depicting figures of contrasting emotional significance. 76 children, 44 children from mainstream schools (21 boys, 23 girls) and 32 children from Steiner schools (15 boys, 17 girls) were divided into two age groups, with 38 children in the younger age group (mean age 4 years 7 months) and 38 in the older age group (mean age 6 years 8 months). All children completed three drawings of differentially characterized human figures: a neutral, a happy, and a sad figure. Children from the mainstream schools drew larger figures overall, but educational background did not interact with the specific emotional character of the figures in producing these scaling changes. However, there were differences between the two educational groups in relation to the colours used for the negatively characterised figures. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to further understand the role of the educational system in mediating children's depictions of emotional character in their drawings.
The Role of Robo3 in the Development of Cortical Interneurons

A number of studies in recent years have shown that members of the Roundabout (Robo) receptor family, Robo1 and Robo2, play significant roles in the formation of axonal tracks in the developing forebrain and in the migration and morphological differentiation of cortical interneurons. Here, we investigated the expression and function of Robo3 in the developing cortex. We found that this receptor is strongly expressed in the preplate layer and cortical hem of the early cortex where it colocalizes with markers of Cajal–Retzius cells and interneurons. Analysis of Robo3 mutant mice at early (embryonic day [E] 13.5) and late (E18.5) stages of corticogenesis revealed no significant change in the number of interneurons, but a change in their morphology at E13.5. However, preliminary analysis on a small number of mice that lacked all 3 Robo receptors indicated a marked reduction in the number of cortical interneurons, but only a limited effect on their morphology. These observations and the results of other recent studies suggest a complex interplay between the 3 Robo receptors in regulating the number, migration and morphological differentiation of cortical interneurons.
In the Eyes of the Beholder: The Relationship Between Subordinates' Felt Trustworthiness and their Work Attitudes and Behaviors

This study extends the literature on trust and leadership by examining trust from a new perspective. Specifically, we investigate how subordinates' perceptions of their leaders' trust in them, which we label subordinates' felt trustworthiness, influence their performance, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between felt trustworthiness and these dependent measures. Furthermore, felt trustworthiness was a more significant predictor of these outcomes than the subordinates' perceptions of their leaders' trustworthiness. Implications of these_findings are discussed.
‘Depressive Realism’ Revisited: Depressed Patients are Realistic when they are Wrong but are Unrealistic when they are Right

A previous report indicated that depressed patients were significantly less confident in their responses when they were correct, in comparison with a matched control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in confidence ratings when the subjects answered the questions incorrectly. In the present study, the replicability of this finding was tested using new samples and a different experimental procedure. In Experiment 1, 10 depressed inpatients were compared with 10 healthy controls. Self-confidence was rated in a face-recognition experiment. Depressed patients were significantly less confident than controls when they performed the face-recognition correctly. However, there were no differences between the groups in self-confidence ratings when they made recognition errors. In Experiment 2, the procedure was repeated in a comparison of 10 dysphoric versus 10 nondysphoric healthy young adults. No between-group differences in self-confidence ratings emerged when performing the facereco.
Limit behavior of ECN/RED gateways under a large number of TCP flows

A stochastic model of an ECN/RED gateway with competing TCP sources sharing the capacity is considered. As the number of competing flows becomes large, the queue behavior at the gateway can be described by a two-dimensional recursion and the throughput behavior of individual TCP flows becomes asymptotically independent. The steady-state regime of the limiting behavior can be calculated from a well-known TCP throughput model with fixed loss probability. In addition, a central limit theorem is presented, yielding insight into the relationship between the queue fluctuation and the marking probability function. We confirm the results by simulations and discuss their implications for network dimensioning.
Ethical Leadership in Three Dimensions

Is an ethical leader an oxymoron? Society demands and expects greater accountability from organizational leaders. The literature on leadership, especially business leadership, has neglected ethical issues by focusing only on those approaches and strategies that emphasize self-centred, individualistic concerns. How ever, true and effective leadership is one in which the leader's behaviour and the exercise of the leadership influence process are consistent with ethical and moral values. The authors argue that our understanding of leadership is incomplete, if not deformed, if it does not include the three critical dimensions of ethical leadership.
A repeat protein links Rubisco to form the eukaryotic carbon-concentrating organelle

Significance Eukaryotic algae, which play a fundamental role in global CO2 fixation, enhance the performance of the carbon-fixing enzyme Rubisco by placing it into an organelle called the pyrenoid. Despite the ubiquitous presence and biogeochemical importance of this organelle, how Rubisco assembles to form the pyrenoid remains a long-standing mystery. Our discovery of an abundant repeat protein that binds Rubisco in the pyrenoid represents a critical advance in our understanding of pyrenoid biogenesis. The repeat sequence of this protein suggests elegant models to explain the structural arrangement of Rubisco enzymes in the pyrenoid. Beyond advances in basic understanding, our findings open doors to the engineering of algal pyrenoids into crops to enhance yields. Biological carbon fixation is a key step in the global carbon cycle that regulates the atmosphere's composition while producing the food we eat and the fuels we burn. Approximately one-third of global carbon fixation occurs in an overlooked algal organelle called the pyrenoid. The pyrenoid contains the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco and enhances carbon fixation by supplying Rubisco with a high concentration of CO2. Since the discovery of the pyrenoid more that 130 y ago, the molecular structure and biogenesis of this ecologically fundamental organelle have remained enigmatic. Here we use the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to discover that a low-complexity repeat protein, Essential Pyrenoid Component 1 (EPYC1), links Rubisco to form the pyrenoid. We find that EPYC1 is of comparable abundance to Rubisco and colocalizes with Rubisco throughout the pyrenoid. We show that EPYC1 is essential for normal pyrenoid size, number, morphology, Rubisco content, and efficient carbon fixation at low CO2. We explain the central role of EPYC1 in pyrenoid biogenesis by the finding that EPYC1 binds Rubisco to form the pyrenoid matrix. We propose two models in which EPYC1’s four repeats could produce the observed lattice arrangement of Rubisco in the Chlamydomonas pyrenoid. Our results suggest a surprisingly simple molecular mechanism for how Rubisco can be packaged to form the pyrenoid matrix, potentially explaining how Rubisco packaging into a pyrenoid could have evolved across a broad range of photosynthetic eukaryotes through convergent evolution. In addition, our findings represent a key step toward engineering a pyrenoid into crops to enhance their carbon fixation efficiency.
MicroRNA Expression Signatures in Solid Malignancies

AbstractAn ongoing challenge in cancer research is represented by the identification of new specific clinical molecular markers and pharmacological targets. During the last 10 years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have become one of the hottest subjects in the area of cancer genomics. MicroRNAs are single-stranded RNAs of 19 to 24 nucleotides in length generated through a complex maturation process. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs can have an oncogene or tumor suppressor role by regulating the expression of target genes. Therefore, microRNAs are highly related to cancer processes, including initiation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. In this panorama, several high-through put technologies studies have revealed miRNA roles in classifying tumors and predicting patient outcome with high accuracy. We provide a review highlighting recent progress on the understanding of the cellular function of human microRNAs and their expression in solid tumors.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of FDG PET-CT in the management of pulmonary metastases from malignant melanoma

Abstract Objectives. Most guidelines consider FDG PET-CT to detect occult extra-pulmonary disease prior to lung metastasectomy. A cost-effectiveness analysis, using a Markov model over a 10 year period, was performed to compare two different surveillance programs, either PET-CT or whole-body CT, in patients with suspected pulmonary metastasised melanoma. Methods. Data from published studies provided probabilities for the model. Complication and care costs were obtained from standardised administrative databases from 19 hospitals identified by DRG codes (reported in 2009 Euros). For the cost calculation of PET-CT we performed a microcosting analysis. All costs and benefits were yearly discounted at respectively 3% and 1.5%. Outcomes included life-months gained (LMG) and the number of futile surgeries avoided. Cost-effectiveness ratios were in Euros per LMG. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty in all model parameters. Results. The PET-CT strategy provided 86.29 LMG (95% CI: 81.50–90.88 LMG) at a discounted cost of €3 974 (95% CI: €1 339–12 303), while the conventional strategy provided 86.08 LMG (95% CI: 81.37–90.68 LMG) at a discounted cost of €5 022 (95% CI: €1 378–16 018). This PET-CT strategy resulted in a net saving of €1 048 with a gain of 0.2 LMG. Based on PET-CT findings, 20% of futile surgeries could be avoided. Conclusion. Integrating PET-CT in the management of patients with high risk MM appears to be less costly and more accurate by avoiding futile thoracotomies in one of five patients as well as by providing a small survival benefit at 10 years.
Working Paper 14-24 June 2014 But Most of All We Love Each Other : Does Social Cohesion Pay off ? Evidence from FDI Flows to Middle Income Countries

The Andrew Young School of Policy Studies was established at Georgia State University with the objective of promoting excellence in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public policy. In addition to two academic departments (economics and public administration), the Andrew Young School houses seven leading research centers and policy programs, including the International Center for Public Policy. The mission of the International Center for Public Policy is to provide academic and professional training, applied research, and technical assistance in support of sound public policy and sustainable economic growth in developing and transitional economies. The International Center for Public Policy at the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies is recognized worldwide for its efforts in support of economic and public policy reforms through technical assistance and training around the world. This reputation has been built serving a diverse client base, including the World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), finance ministries, government organizations, legislative bodies and private sector institutions. The success of the International Center for Public Policy reflects the breadth and depth of the in-house technical expertise that the International Center for Public Policy can draw upon. The Andrew Young School's faculty are leading experts in economics and public policy and have authored books, published in major academic and technical journals, and have extensive experience in designing and implementing technical assistance and training programs. Andrew Young School faculty have been active in policy reform in over 40 countries around the world. Our technical assistance strategy is not to merely provide technical prescriptions for policy reform, but to engage in a collaborative effort with the host government and donor agency to identify and analyze the issues at hand, arrive at policy solutions and implement reforms. For more information about our technical assistance activities and training programs, please visit our website at Abstract: The World Bank (2013) argues that social cohesion shapes the context in which entrepreneurs make investment decisions and therefore job creation. In this paper, we focus on FDI as one link of primary importance in this argument, and empirically examine the relationship between social cohesion and FDI flows. Using panel data on 52 middle income countries for the period 1984-2012, we first identify social cohesion-related institutions using principal component analysis and then examine the influence of those institutions individually and as a principal component on FDI flows. PCA identifies religion in …
On the Equivalence of the Maldacena and Randall-Sundrum Pictures

We revive an old result, that one-loop corrections to the graviton propagator induce 1/r3 corrections to the Newtonian gravitational potential, and compute the coefficient due to closed loops of the U(N) N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory that arises in Maldacena’s AdS/CFT correspondence. We find exact agreement with the coefficient appearing in the Randall-Sundrum brane-world proposal. This provides more evidence for the equivalence of the two pictures. Typeset using REVTEX ∗Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY-9722090. †mduff@umich.edu ‡jimliu@umich.edu
The Cadbury Committee Recommendations on Corporate Governance - a Review of Compliance and Performance Impacts

In December 1992, the Cadbury Committee published their Code of Best Practice. The recommendations, which largely reflected perceived best practice at the time, included separating the roles of CEO and chairman, having a minimum of three non-executive directors on the board and the formulation of audit committees. The Code also advocated that a more active role be taken by institutional investors in the promotion of good practice in corporate governance. This paper discusses how agency problems may be (partially) resolved by corporate governance, reviews the evidence on compliance with the Cadbury Code and examines the relationship between board structure and firm performance, looking for evidence that the Code has enhanced board performance. While there is no empirical evidence of an association between board structure and firm value, there is some evidence that compliance with the Cadbury recommendations enhances board oversight with respect to the manipulation of accounting numbers and the discipline of the top executive.
Potential of Spanish sour–sweet pomegranates (cultivar C25) for the juice industry

Commercial juices of sweet pomegranates and fresh juices of sour–sweet pomegranates were analysed for organic acids, sugars, antioxidant activity, volatile composition, sensory profile and consumer liking. Organic acids and sugars were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography, while volatiles were extracted using hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–flame ionisation detector. Malic acid was predominant in sweet juices while citric acid in sour–sweet samples. Fructose and glucose were found as the predominant sugars in all juices. A total of 18 compounds were found in pomegranate aroma profile, including monoterpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, monoterpenoids and linear hydrocarbons; the most abundant compounds were 3-carene, α-terpinene and α-terpineol. The total concentration of volatiles ranged from 2.0 up to 5.1 mg/L, with commercial samples presenting higher total concentrations due to the presence of peel volatiles. The high potential of sour-sweet pomegranate fruits for the juice industry was supported by (a) the high values of positive attributes, such as colour and fresh pomegranate flavour and (b) the high overall liking of consumers.