Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Paradigmatic View of Contemporary Public Administration Research

This article offers an empirical articulation of paradigmatic views that guide research in contemporary public administration. Based on the findings, the authors argue that the debate on whether there is an intellectual core in public administration is becoming less relevant. What is more important from this point on is public administration scholars’ self-consciousness and better articulation of these existing paradigms. A self-aware normal science practice in public administration offers us a clearer research focus, a sharper sensitivity for recognizing anomalies, and thus a better chance for advancing public administration theories.
Using Stereo Matching with General Epipolar Geometry for 2D Face Recognition across Pose

Face recognition across pose is a problem of fundamental importance in computer vision. We propose to address this problem by using stereo matching to judge the similarity of two, 2D images of faces seen from different poses. Stereo matching allows for arbitrary, physically valid, continuous correspondences. We show that the stereo matching cost provides a very robust measure of similarity of faces that is insensitive to pose variations. To enable this, we show that, for conditions common in face recognition, the epipolar geometry of face images can be computed using either four or three feature points. We also provide a straightforward adaptation of a stereo matching algorithm to compute the similarity between faces. The proposed approach has been tested on the CMU PIE data set and demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods in the presence of pose variation. It also shows robustness to lighting variation.
The role of anesthesia in surgical mortality.

The role of anesthesia in contributing to surgical mortality has been studied in 33,224 patients given either spinal anesthesia or a general anesthetic to which muscle relaxants were added. There were no deaths atributable to anesthesia in the 16,000 physically fit patients anesthetized by either technique. As the patients' physical condition worsened, deaths related to anesthesia increased in incidence; in the moribund patients, 1 in 16 patients given spinal anesthesia died of causes related to the anesthetic, and in 1 in 10 patients, general anesthesia could not be excluded as contributing to death. Of 6,000 physically fit patients who received a muscle relaxant, none died. No evidence of an inherent toxicity of muscle relaxants could be found. When deaths were related to the use of muscle relaxants, errors of omission or commission were always apparent.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND VOCATIONAL INTERESTS

This study examined the relationship between vocational interests and basic personality traits. The interest ¢elds of the 19-Field-Interest Inventory were related to the second order factors of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire by means of a factor extension analysis. The results showed that extroverts tend to be interested in ¢elds related to social contact and the in£uencing of other people. Emotionally sensitive individuals tend to be interested in the arts and languages. Independent individuals tend to be interested in creative thinking. The implications of the ¢ndings for career counselling are discussed. OPSOMMING Hierdie studie het ondersoek ingestel na die verband tussen beroepsbelangstellings en basiese persoonlikheidstrekke. Die 19 belangstellingsvelde van die 19-Veld-belangstellingsvraelys is aan die hand van ’n faktorverlengingsontleding met die tweede orde faktore van die 16 -Persoonlikheidsfaktorvraelys in verband gebring. Die resultate dui daarop dat ekstroverte geneig is om in velde wat sosiale kontak en die be|« nvloeding van mense behels, belang te stel. Emosioneel sensitiewe individue is geneig om in kunssinnge en taal verwante velde belang te stel. Onafhanklike individue is geneig om in kreatiewe denke belang te stel. Die implikasies van die resultate vir loopbaanvoorligting word bespreek. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vocational interests, as measured by the 19-Field-Interest Inventory (19FII), and personality traits, as measured by the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Ackerman (1997) proposed two reasons why the study of the relationships between interests and personality traits are important. In the ¢rst place it is a common scienti¢c goal to investigate the relationships between diierent constructs. This strategy may lead to important new scienti¢c discoveries.The second reason is that the study of the relationships between interests and personality traits will reveal what they have in common and what unique information they can provide. This information is potentially useful in the career counselling context. Recently, several studies have investigated the overlap between vocational interests and personality traits (Blake & Sackett,
Genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among positive Lebanese patients: comparison of data with that from other Middle Eastern countries

Recently we identified hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 as the principle genotype among Lebanese thalassaemics. In an attempt to confirm the predominance of genotype 4 in Lebanon and perhaps in the Middle East, genotyping was attempted on 142 HCV-infected Lebanese patients from five different hospitals in the country. These included 38 HCV-positive patients with symptomatic liver disease who were referred to gastroenterologists and 104 HCV-positive patients with no symptoms of liver disease: 27 patients with thalassaemia, 30 patients on haemodialysis, 32 multi-transfused and 15 intravenous drug users. HCV genotyping was performed on PCR HCV RNA-positive samples using a commercial line probe assay (LiPA; Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium). HCV genotype 4 is found to be the predominant genotype among HCV-infected Lebanese patients (ranging from 34·2% to 53·3%) followed by 1a (ranging from 12·5% to 43·3%) and 1b (ranging from 8·0% to 34·4%). In patients with symptomatic liver disease, however, genotype 4 (34·2%) was preceded by genotype 1a (39·5%). The predominance of HCV genotype 4 in our population (45·7%) confirms the predominance of HCV genotype 4 in Lebanon and most of the Arab countries in the Middle East but contrasts with data reported from non-Arab Middle Eastern Countries as can be seen from the literature review. Implications of genotyping for clinical outcome of HCV infection, response to treatment as well as for vaccine development are discussed.
The silent growth of video surveillance in Italy

This paper aims to analyze the growth of video surveillance in Italy through a focus on the legislative framework and the politics, in particular urban security policies. The paper explores whether the decentralization of security polices has impacted on the implementation of surveillance cameras within national urban contexts. A specific emphasis will also be given to the limited empirical data available, namely a qualitative research carried out in the city of Milan in 2005 [4]. Efforts are made to understand potential discrepancies between the national Data Protection Authority provisions on video surveillance and the reception of it by the camera operators. This contribution also seeks to shed light on "lost surveillance studies" [15] within a non-Anglophone framework in order to sketch out an approach to surveillance that differs from countries where the issue has been broadly explored (inter alia [21]).
Faith-based organisations and urban social justice in the Netherlands

What is the changing and differentiated role played by faith-based organisations (FBOs), in fighting social distress and aiming for social justice in cities in the Netherlands? Based on a series of semi-structured interviews over a period of time and a desk study of FBOs, this paper draws on relations between urban governance and citizenship practices to tease out the implications for FBOs in politics of social justice. We argue that neoliberalisation: (1), opens spaces for the 'reaching out' and 'de-privatising' of FBOs into the urban public realm in new and sometimes contrasting ways; and (2), creates incentives for FBOs to professionalise and maximise efficiency, heralding a new entrepreneurial approach in the urban politics of social justice. Referring to the "Oudewijken Pastoraat" and the "House of Hope" in Rotterdam, we reveal striking differences in philosophy and methodology of faith responses to social distress. Changing governance of urban neighbourhoods rooted in professionalisation captures part of the explanation. We draw attention to the incremental and contested revalorising of faith actors as the informal, but increasingly professionalising, seat or underside of traditional social democratic welfare provision in the Netherlands. The paper concludes with a reflection on questions for new geographical inquiry on FBOs and cities. Copyright (c) 2008 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.
The dynamics of school‐based learning in initial teacher education

Student teachers’ learning in the field experience is seen as being at the heart of their professional training in initial teacher education. This paper reports a qualitative case study of preservice student teachers’ learning experiences in school placements in Hong Kong. A multi‐case study was conducted in a concurrent teacher education programme for secondary school teachers, with the examination of seven student teachers’ professional learning journeys over two years. Methods of data collection included interview, field observation, document analysis and audio‐recording of supervisory conferences. Progressive focusing characterized the research process. Student teachers’ professional learning is conceptualized as learning how to frame teaching situations. By exploring pre‐training influences, the teacher education programme and the student teaching context, the paper seeks to examine the dynamics and complexity of learning how to frame teaching situations. It develops an integrated framework for under.
Influence of Biography, Teacher Education, and Entry into the Workforce on the Perspectives and Practices of First‐Year Elementary School Physical Education Teachers

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of one university's core physical education teacher education (PETE) programme on the perspectives and practices of two first‐year elementary school physical education teachers and to examine how this influence was mediated by the teachers’ biographies and entry into the workforce. Data collection techniques employed were passive participant observation, formal and informal interviewing, document analysis, and journal writing. Data were analyzed using constant comparison and analytic induction. Results indicated that despite receiving poor quality physical education themselves and entering PETE with coaching orientations, these teachers attempted to innovate the physical education programmes at their schools.
Interpreting Facts, Verifying Interpretations: Public Policy, Truth and Evidence

This article reflects on the relationship between evidence and interpretation in policy-making and policy analysis. It proceeds by critically analysing both David Blunkett’s understanding (as articulated when holding office in the UK Labour government) of the concept of ‘evidence-based policy-making’ and three noteworthy, alternative approaches to understanding the links between facts, evidence, values and interpretive framework — Keith Dowding’s rational choice approach, Alan Finlayson’s rhetorical political analysis and Mark Bevir and Rod Rhodes’s narrative-based form of interpretivism. It argues that all four approaches are underpinned by generalised, fixed claims about the nature of these relationships, when in fact no such generalisable claims are possible. In so doing, it develops an alternative, distinctive understanding of these relationships as changeable and context-specific, bringing into focus more clearly the contested nature of the theoretical assumptions underpinning particular policy-related claims and to the continuous need for political argument — on the basis of facts, evidence, values and interpretation — by both policy makers and analysts.
Black Political Participation in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Elections

Using data from a longitudinal telephone study of voting-eligible black Americans I explore the political context of black voter turnout in the 1984 and 1988 presidential elections and reexamine the attitudinal and demographic variables associated with black electoral participation. Jesse Jackson supporters were more likely to vote in the 1984 presidential election, while black opposition to Reagan was also linked to black voter turnout in 1984. Nonetheless, blacks who preferred Jackson to other primary contenders in the 1988 nominating contest were less likely to vote in the presidential election. Finally, while education, political interest, partisanship, and age were generally associated with black voter participation, race identification had a less consistent effect. Instead, church membership and involvement in black political organizations serve as alternative, community-based resources that promote black participation. This research underscores the importance of both political context and group-based political resources in stimulating the black vote.
Employed Parents: Role Strain, Work Time, and Preferences for Working Less.

This research, analyzing data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey, examines the work-time preferences of 224 dual-earner couples with children aged 12 and under. Approached from the perspective of role strain, the study hypothesizes that six factors are related to an employed parent's stated preference for fewer work hours: gender, family obligations, current work hours, perceived work-family interference, occupational status, andjob flexibility. Multivariate (logit) analysis techniques reveal that gender is significantly related to work-hour preferences for both self and spouse, with the wish of wives to work fewer hours endorsed also by husbands who want their wives to work fewer hours. In addition, actual work time and gender interact such that mothers working full-time prefer to reduce their work week. As expected, perceived work-family interference is related to a desire for a reduced work schedule for both self and spouse.
Organisational commitment with respect to gender variable in hospitality: a Turkish case study

This study examines differences in organisational commitment with respect to gender in five-star hotels in Ankara, Turkey. The study was conducted on 397 employees: 234 males and 163 females. The study indicated that the ‘Attitudinal Commitment’ factor as part of the organisational commitment scale was not statistically significant between female and male employees. However, the study also found that there are significant differences between female and male employees with respect to the ‘Behavioural Commitment’ factor of the scale; males reported higher levels in their behavioural commitment than their female counterparts did. This finding is also consistent with the results obtained from multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in which the independent variable was gender and the two delineated factors were dependent variables. Gender differences in the ‘Behavioural Commitment’ factor remained significant with multivariate analysis of co-variance analysis while controlling for such variables as age, marital status, monthly income level, educational level, type of department, length of time in this organisation, length of time in the tourism sector, and frequency of job changes. However, the significance was mostly attributed to the moderating role of ‘monthly income’.
Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate

Neural machine translation is a recently proposed approach to machine translation. Unlike the traditional statistical machine translation, the neural machine translation aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to maximize the translation performance. The models proposed recently for neural machine translation often belong to a family of encoder-decoders and consists of an encoder that encodes a source sentence into a fixed-length vector from which a decoder generates a translation. In this paper, we conjecture that the use of a fixed-length vector is a bottleneck in improving the performance of this basic encoder-decoder architecture, and propose to extend this by allowing a model to automatically (soft-)search for parts of a source sentence that are relevant to predicting a target word, without having to form these parts as a hard segment explicitly. With this new approach, we achieve a translation performance comparable to the existing state-of-the-art phrase-based system on the task of English-to-French translation. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals that the (soft-)alignments found by the model agree well with our intuition.
Humiliation and the victim identity in conditions of political and violent conflict

The humiliation and traumatization of political opponents during periods of violent and non-violent conflict can create deadlocked situations with great potential for regression, and may serve to aggravate the conflict or escalate the level of violence. In this article, I will examine this type of regressive dynamic. My point of departure is the current terror situation and the “war against terror” as it is being conducted in different parts of the world. The key concepts in this connection are violations of human rights, victim psychology, group processes and the development of regressive group identities. Political-ideological-religious discourses can serve to mediate between collective unconscious fantasies and the actual misery/humiliation experienced at group and individual levels. They can reinforce an identity as victim, and the significance of this identity is often underestimated when the background of terror and violent conflicts is being analysed.
TSO-CC: Consistency directed cache coherence for TSO

Traditional directory coherence protocols are designed for the strictest consistency model, sequential consistency (SC). When they are used for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) that support relaxed memory consistency models, such protocols turn out to be unnecessarily strict. Usually this comes at the cost of scalability (in terms of per core storage), which poses a problem with increasing number of cores in today's CMPs, most of which no longer are sequentially consistent. Because of the wide adoption of Total Store Order (TSO) and its variants in x86 and SPARC processors, and existing parallel programs written for these architectures, we propose TSO-CC, a cache coherence protocol for the TSO memory consistency model. TSO-CC does not track sharers, and instead relies on self-invalidation and detection of potential acquires using timestamps to satisfy the TSO memory consistency model lazily. Our results show that TSO-CC achieves average performance comparable to a MESI directory protocol, while TSO-CC's storage overhead per cache line scales logarithmically with increasing core count.
INTENT TO REMEMBER AND VON RESTORFF (ISOLATION) EFFECTS REVEAL ATTENTIONAL PROCESSES

A classic finding in the memory literature is that participants remember items that are isolated, distinctive, or salient compared to items lacking in these characteristics. This finding is usually attributed to von Restorff (1933) which is when an item is isolated against a homogenous background; the learning of that isolated item is enhanced or facilitated. Block (2009) found that intent to remember a specific type of picture also enhances the subsequent recognition of it, and he suggested that increased attention to target stimuli is implicated. The three experiments reported here clarify the possible link between the attentional processes involving both of these effects. Participants saw a series of various types of pictures, with some participants being instructed to remember targets, such as human faces. The intentional memory effect was replicated. Other findings clarify the relationship between the von Restorff and intent-to-remember effects. Table
Cohabitation, Gender, and Happiness

Research commonly finds married people to be slightly happier than unmarried cohabitors—the phenomenon referred to as the cohabitation gap. In this article, we examine several relationships. First, we consider whether there are gender differences in the cohabitation gap; second, whether these gender differences are the same in different countries; and third, whether national differences in the gender role norms and gender equity in economic empowerment can explain these cross-national variations. Relying on the psychological theories of social norms, we differentiate between societal and personal gender role norms. We found that in societies with more liberal societal gender role norms, the cohabitation gap for women but not for men is substantially reduced. This effect was independent from women’s personal gender role norms as well as a country’s gender equity in economic empowerment. The findings are discussed in relation to the theories of social norms and gender conformity.
Assessing Counseling Competencies

Gatekeeping within the counseling profession involves the assessment of competencies, including self-assessment. This study compares student supervisor ratings and student supervisee self-ratings of counseling competencies (N = 61) at midterm and at the end of a practicum course. The researchers found a statistically significant difference between supervisor ratings and supervisee self-ratings, F(2.43, 145.97) = 34.44, p < . 01, η2 = . 365. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found between faculty supervisors, doctoral student supervisors, and supervisee self-ratings, F(2.52, 47.94) = 19.66, p < . 01, η2 = . 509. Implications are discussed in relation to the preparation and supervision of counseling students.
An expanded DOTS framework for effective tuberculosis control.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
Gender-specific differences in the development of sarcopenia in the rodent model of the ageing high-fat rat

Sarcopenia is linked to functional impairments, loss of independence, and mortality. In the past few years, obesity has been established as being a risk factor for a decline in muscle mass and function. There are several molecular pathological mechanisms, which have been under discussion that might explain this relationship. However, most studies were conducted using male animals and for a short period of time.