Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usability considerations of speech-to-speech translation system

Current speech-to-speech translation systems try to reduce the domain of application to a sub-domain such as traveler support [1, 2]. In such a narrow domain, most utterances tend to be short, having 1 to 3 keywords, and since it is intended for use in face-to-face situations, the users can share common situational information with each other. As such, this paper focuses on a face-to-face speech translation system in the traveler support domain. Abstract This paper describes a practical speech-to-speech translation system architecture for operation in face-to-face situations, from a system point of view. The current achievements in speech recognition and language translation technologies are still insufficient to build a real working speech-to-speech translation system, even in a limited domain of application. To build such a working speech-to-speech translation system, it would be necessary to consider a system point of view that includes system design concept, usability and human correction capability. As a possible solution to meet this requirement, we suggest a speech-to-speech translation system architecture that maximizes the keyword transfer rate, a performance measure which we introduce in this paper. The current state-of-the-art spontaneous speech recognition components typically achieve 70% to 90% word accuracy, while the translation component has 60% to 90% sentence accuracy. As a result, the overall system accuracy typically lies between 40% and 80%. This range implies that 2 to 6 out of 10 utterances of the speaker are not translated correctly to the listener. In other words, the intention of the speaker is not transferred correctly in about 1/5 to 3/5 of the utterances. This fact can induce users to end the conversation prematurely, resulting in a communication failure. In order to communicate successfully, it is therefore necessary to find ways to increase the ratio of intention transfer.
Getting to know you: towards a capability model for Java

Developing software from reusable libraries lets developers face a security dilemma: Either be efficient and reuse libraries as they are or inspect them, know about their resource usage, but possibly miss deadlines as reviews are a time consuming process. In this paper, we propose a novel capability inference mechanism for libraries written in Java. It uses a coarse-grained capability model for system resources that can be presented to developers. We found that the capability inference agrees by 86.81% on expectations towards capabilities that can be derived from project documentation. Moreover, our approach can find capabilities that cannot be discovered using project documentation. It is thus a helpful tool for developers mitigating the aforementioned dilemma.
The Study on the Expression of Neurolobin in Rats during the Process of Brain Edema Induced by Endotoxin

Abstract-Endotoxin-induced brain lesion (EIBL) is commonly encountered in clinic. However, the pathological mechanism of EIBL has not yet been fully clarified. Endotoxin (gram-negative cell wall lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is a major factor resulting in brain lesion. The papers showed that the LPS-induced brain lesion will activate the endogenous protective mechanism in the Pathological process of ischemia and hypoxia. Neuroglobin (Ngb), the most important Oxygen-carrying protein in the neurons which is able to remove the free Radical in neurons likely participates in endogenous protective mechanism. The aim of this study was to observe the change of Ngb expression, so as to verify the endogenous nuroprotective mechanisms. The models of endotoxin shock and LPS brain lesion were established. Changes of Ngb expression in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were examined by ELISA, Western Blot and IHC. Seventy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (10 rats in each group): the control group (0.5 mL normal saline was injected via vena caudalis of animals) and the experimental groups (0.5 mL Endotoxin was injected via vena caudalis of animals, 0.016 g&#65295;kg) The specimens were properly taken at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after endotoxin injection ). The expression of Ngb in each time points was measured by ELISA, WesternBlot and IHC. The brain water content was measured by dry and wet method. The brain water content was measured by dry method. The swelling of the organelles in the hippocampus and cortex of frontal lobe of rats was detected by the transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). &#9312; ELISA showed that the Ngb concentrations in the plasma, CSF, hippocampus and cortex of frontal lobe were significantly higher than those of control group&#65288;P<0.01 vs control&#65289;after endotoxin injection , and peaked at 48 h. &#9313; Western Blot showed that Ngb with relative molecular mass 17 kD was observed in all groups. The Ngb expression in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the the control group. The expression of Ngb was the highest in 48 h group and 72 h group, and the lowest in 3 h group. &#9314; IHC showed that Ngb-positive cells were distributed in neurons of pyramidal layer, and Ngb-immunoreactive product was located in the cytoplasm of the pyramidal neurons, which were yellow-brown in color. &#9315; After endotoxin injection, the brain water content was significantly higher&#65288;P<0.01 vs control, and peaked at 48 h. Our results indicate that there was a positive correlation between the up-regulation of Ngb expression and the severity of brain lesion. And the expressions of Ngb were up-regulated with a time-dependent manner. The up-regulation of Ngb maybe one of the endogenous nuroprotective mechanisms under endotoxic shock condition.
Adaptive Behavior in Competing Co-Evolving Species

Co-evolution of competitive species provides an interesting testbed to study the role of adaptive behavior because it provides unpredictable and dynamic environments. In this paper we experimentally investigate some arguments for the co-evolution of di erent adaptive protean behaviors in competing species of predators and preys. Both species are implemented as simulated mobile robots (Kheperas) with infrared proximity sensors, but the predator has an additional vision module whereas the prey has a maximum speed set to twice that of the predator. Di erent types of variability during life for neurocontrollers with the same architecture and genetic length are compared. It is shown that simple forms of proteanism a ect co-evolutionary dynamics and that preys rather exploit noisy controllers to generate random trajectories, whereas predators benet from directional-change controllers to improve pursuit behavior.
Crucial Role of NO and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Human Sustained Conduit Artery Flow-Mediated Dilatation

Whether NO is involved or not in sustained conduit artery flow-mediated dilatation in humans remains unclear. Moreover, the role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), synthesized by cytochrome epoxygenases and acting through calcium-activated potassium channels, and its relationship with NO during flow-mediated dilatation have never been investigated previously. In 12 healthy subjects we measured radial artery diameter (echotracking) and blood flow (Doppler) during flow-mediated dilatation induced by gradual distal hand skin heating (34 to 44°C), during the local infusion of saline and inhibitors of NO synthase (NG-monomethyl-l-arginine [l-NMMA]: 8 to 20 &mgr;mol/min per liter), calcium-activated potassium channels (tetraethylammonium chloride: 9 &mgr;mol/min per liter), and cytochrome epoxygenases (fluconazole: 0.4 to 1.6 &mgr;mol/min per liter), alone and in combination. Mean wall shear stress, the flow-mediated dilatation stimulus, was calculated at each level of flow, and the diameter–wall shear stress relationship was constructed. During heating, compared with saline, the diameter–shear stress relationship was shifted downward by l-NMMA, tetraethylammonium, fluconazole, and, in a more pronounced manner, by the combinations of l-NMMA with tetraethylammonium or with fluconazole. Therefore, maximal radial artery flow-mediated dilatation, compared with saline (0.62±0.03 mm), was decreased under our experimental conditions by l-NMMA (−39±4%), tetraethylammonium chloride (−14±4%), fluconazole (−18±6%), and to a greater extent, by the combinations of l-NMMA with tetraethylammonium (−64±4%) or with fluconazole (−71±3%). This study demonstrates that NO and a cytochrome-related EDHF are involved in peripheral conduit artery flow-mediated dilatation in humans during sustained flow conditions. Moreover, the synergistic effects of the inhibitors strongly suggest a functional interaction between NO and EDHF pathways.
Assembly of Clathrin Coats Disrupts the Association between Eps15 and AP-2 Adaptors*

Eps15 is a phosphorylation substrate of the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase. In vivo, it is largely found in complex with AP-2, the plasma membrane clathrin adaptor protein complex. Although AP-2 is uniformly distributed across the surface of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, Eps15 is preferentially found in the rims of endocytic clathrin-coated pits (1). This observation suggests that Eps15 may disengage from AP-2 during coat formation. Here we use two new anti-Eps15 antibodies to show that, contrary to our own earlier suggestion, coated vesicles isolated from brain do not contain detectable amounts of Eps15. Furthermore, when AP-2 complexes that are saturated with Eps15 are used for in vitro assembly of clathrin-AP-2 coats, normal structures are formed that contain the expected amounts of clathrin and AP-2, but the amount of Eps15 present is dramatically lower than that of AP-2. We propose that during coated pit formation, addition of clathrin to the growing edge at the rim of the pit releases Eps15 from AP-2.
Increased Blood Pressure Variability Prior to Chronic Kidney Disease Exacerbates Renal Dysfunction in Rats

Increased blood pressure variability (BPV), which can be experimentally induced by sinoaortic denervation (SAD), has emerged as a new marker of the prognosis of cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Considering that increased BPV can lead to organ-damage, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of SAD on renal function in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). SAD was performed in male Wistar rats 2 weeks before 5/6 nephrectomy and the animals were evaluated 4 weeks after the induction of CKD. Our data demonstrated that BPV was increased in SAD and CKD animals and that the combination of both conditions (SAD+CKD) exacerbated BPV. The baroreflex sensitivity index was diminished in the SAD and CKD groups; this reduction was more pronounced when SAD and CKD were performed together. 5/6 nephrectomy led to hypertension, which was higher in SAD+CKD animals. Regarding renal function, the combination of SAD and CKD resulted in reduced renal plasma and blood flow, increased renal vascular resistance and augmented uraemia when compared to CKD animals. Glomerular filtration rate and BPV were negatively correlated in SAD, CKD, and SAD+CKD animals. Moreover, SAD+CKD animals presented a higher level of glomerulosclerosis when compared to all other groups. Cardiac and renal hypertrophy, as well as oxidative stress, was also further increased when SAD and CKD were combined. These results show that SAD prior to 5/6 nephrectomy exacerbates renal dysfunction, suggesting that previous augmented BPV should be considered as an important factor to the progression of renal diseases.
Alpers disease mutations in human DNA polymerase gamma cause catalytic defects in mitochondrial DNA replication by distinct mechanisms

The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (Pol-γ) is nuclearly encoded and is responsible for the replication and repair of the mitochondrial genome. Mutations S305R and P1073L in the POLG gene have been reported to be associated with early childhood Alpers syndrome. One patient harboring both mutations as compound heterozygous died at 2 years of age after disease onset at 9 months. Quantitative kinetic analysis on purified enzyme showed that the S305R mutation reduces the DNA binding affinity by 10-fold, and reduces the specificity constant (kcat/Km) for correct nucleotide incorporation by fourfold. It also causes a ∼threefold reduction in the excision rate to remove mismatched nucleotides. Compared to the wild-type Pol-γ, the S305R mutant showed no product formation in a reconstituted rolling circle replisome assay. Interestingly, the P1073L mutant exhibited wild-type activity in single turnover kinetics to quantify changes in kcat/Km, kcat, kexo, or processivity, and showed a twofold decrease in the net polymerization rate in the reconstituted replisome assay, while in yeast, P1073L caused a 60–70% mtDNA reduction in haploid cells. The heterozygous diploid yeast cells carrying S305R and P1073L mutations in trans showed ∼75% reduction of mtDNA content, relative to homozygous diploid cells with two wild-type alleles. Taken together, we show clearly in both the rolling circle and the humanized yeast system that the P1073L mutation caused significant defects in mtDNA replication, and our results suggest a role for P1073 in the functioning of the Pol-γ with the mitochondrial DNA helicase, and provide a rationale for understanding the physiological consequences of the S305R/P1073L compound heterozygote in humans.
Effects of Brefeldin A on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth. Antagonistic Effects on Endocytosis and Secretion1[W]

We assessed the effects of brefeldin A (BFA) on pollen tube development in Picea meyeri using fluorescent marker FM4-64 as a membrane-inserted endocytic/recycling marker, together with ultrastructural studies and Fourier transform infrared analysis of cell walls. BFA inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube growth, causing morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner, and pollen tube tip growth recovered after transferring into BFA-free medium. FM4-64 labeling showed typical bright apical staining in normally growing P. meyeri pollen tubes; this apical staining pattern differed from the V-formation pattern found in angiosperm pollen tubes. Confocal microscopy revealed that exocytosis was greatly inhibited in the presence of BFA. In contrast, the overall uptake of FM4-64 dye was about 2-fold that in the control after BFA (5 μg mL−1) treatment, revealing that BFA stimulated endocytosis in a manner opposite to the induced changes in exocytosis. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed that the number of secretory vesicles at the apical zone dramatically decreased, together with the disappearance of paramural bodies, while the number of vacuoles and other larger organelles increased. An acid phosphatase assay confirmed that the addition of BFA significantly inhibited secretory pathways. Importantly, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy documented significant changes in the cell wall composition of pollen tubes growing in the presence of BFA. These results suggest that enhanced endocytosis, together with inhibited secretion, is responsible for the retarded growth of pollen tubes induced by BFA.
Fast rotation invariant multi-view face detection based on real Adaboost

In this paper, we propose a rotation invariant multi-view face detection method based on Real Adaboost algorithm. Human faces are divided into several categories according to the variant appearance from different viewpoints. For each view category, weak classifiers are configured as confidence-rated look-up-table (LUT) of Haar feature. Real Adaboost algorithm is used to boost these weak classifiers and construct a nesting-structured face detector. To make it rotation invariant, we divide the whole 360-degree range into 12 sub-ranges and construct their corresponding view based detectors separately. To improve performance, a pose estimation method is introduced and results in a processing speed of four frames per second on 320/spl times/240 sized image. Experiments on faces with 360-degree in-plane rotation and /spl mnplus/90-degree out-of-plane rotation are reported, of which the frontal face detector subsystem retrieves 94.5% of the faces with 57 false alarms on the CMU+MlT frontal face test set and the multi-view face detector subsystem retrieves 89.8% of the faces with 221 false alarms on the CMU profile face test set.
Contribución al estudio de los reacciones de hidratación del cemento portland por espectroscopia infrarroja

En dos artículos anteriores (1) y (2) que figuran en los n. °® 161 y 162 de esta Revista, respectivamente, se estudiaron, por medio de la espectroscopia IR, las fases del clinker y el cemento portland anhidro. Con el presente trabajo se da paso al estudio de los procesos de hidratación. Estos procesos ,se han estudiado bajo diferentes aspectos, que pueden resumirse como sigue: a) Influencia del tiempo de hidratación en la evolución de las fases del cemento portland industrial, hasta una edad de 4 años. La hidratación se ha hecho con HgO destilada y con DgO de 95 % de riqueza. b) Influencia de la adición de CaClg y yeso en distintas cantidades en las reacciones de hidratación. c) Influencia de la "hidratación acelerada" en las fases principales del cemento hidratado. d) Influencia de distintos medios agresivos en los procesos de hidratación de probetas de mortero.
Network Sharing beyond Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating Role of Tertius Iungens Orientation in Social Media Contexts

This study examines the influences of knowledge-sharing activities and tertius iungens orientation on job performance within social media environments. Through empirical analysis, it finds that knowledge self-efficacy, social interaction ties, and the norm of reciprocity positively influence knowledge-sharing activities in social media environments, and that social interaction ties and the norm of reciprocity contribute to the establishment of an individual's tertius iungens orientation only through knowledge-sharing activities. In terms of job performance, it shows that tertius iungens orientation plays a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge-sharing activities and individual job performance. The results are expected to provide important theoretical and practical implications for researchers and practitioners respectively.
A Theoretical Agenda for Economic Sociology

A Theoretical Agenda for Economic Sociology To appear in Economic Sociology at the Millenium, edited by Mauro F. Guillen, Randall Collins, Paula England, and Marshall Meyer (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001). Mark Granovetter Department of Sociology Stanford University June 1, 2000 1 For their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper, I am indebted to Randall Collins, my discussant at the second annual Penn Economic Sociology Conference, the other conference participants, and to Richard Swedberg, Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Valery Yakubovich.
A Pervasive Promotion Model for Personalized Promotion Systems on Using WLAN Localization and NFC Techniques

In this paper, we propose a novel pervasive business model for sales promotion in retail chain stores utilizing WLAN localization and near field communication (NFC) technologies. The objectives of the model are to increase the customers’ flow of the stores and their incentives in purchasing. In the proposed model, the NFC technology is used as the first mean to motivate customers to come to the stores. Then, with the use of WLAN, the movements of the customers, who are carrying smartphones, within the stores are captured and maintained in the movement database. By interpreting the movements of customers as indicators of their interests to the displayed items, personalized promotion strategies can be formulated to increase their incentives for purchasing future items. Various issues in the application of the adopted localization scheme for locating customers in a store are discussed. To facilitate the item management and space utilization in displaying the items, we propose an enhanced R-tree for indexing the data items maintained in the movement database. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the adopted localization scheme in supporting the proposed model.
Weak approximation of stochastic partial differential equations: the nonlinear case

We study the error of the Euler scheme applied to a stochastic partial dierential equation. We prove that as it is often the case, the weak order of convergence is twice the strong order. A key ingredient in our proof is Malliavin calculus which enables us to get rid of the irregular terms of the error. We apply our method to the case a semilinear stochastic heat equation driven by a space-time white noise.
Major Sites of Cancer Occurrence Among Men and Women in Gandhinagar District, India

Background: This study examines major cancer sites among the population of Gandhinagar district, India during the year 2009-2011. Objective: To study leading cancer incidents and mortality and their age distribution in both sexes in Gandhinagar district. Materials and Methods: Primary data were collected from various sources and entered in computer and analyzed. Quality checks were done, and duplicate cases were eliminated. For mortality data, death registration units were contacted. Results: Total 2360 incident cases (1374 males and 986 females) and 736 mortality cases (464 males and 272 females) were recorded during the year 2009-2011 in Gandhinagar district. Among males, the leadings sites were mouth, tongue, lung, esophagus, hypopharynx, and larynx, whereas in females they were breast, cervix, ovary, mouth, tongue and myeloid leukemia. Majority of cases were found in the age group of 35-64 years and the proportion in male and female in this age group was 62.51% and 71.05%, respectively. Conclusion: The study helps to understand the possible cancer patterns in Gandhinagar district. Foremost causes of cancer in leading sites in males were tobacco related, and the proportion of cancers associated with tobacco was 53% in our study. It highlights the possibility of easy and early detection of cancers, especially by oral cancer screening in the population. Further, the findings highlight the need of cancer cervix and breast screening among the women at regular intervals through camp approach in the community, as these are the most common sites (40% of female cancers).
Effect of Surface Roughness on Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Slider Bearings

The effect of surface roughness on the performance of hydrodynamic slider bearings is studied. A generalized form of surface roughness characterized by a stochastic random variable with non-zero mean, variance and skewness is assumed to define the bearing surface topography. Various film shapes such as: plane slider, exponential, secant and hyperbolic are considered. The results are obtained for the general lubricant film shape in integral form which are numerically computed for the shapes under consideration. The results are presented both graphically as well as in tabular form. The performance of a rough bearing can be considered in terms of an identical smooth bearing with an equivalent film thickness. It is observed, for the lubricant film shapes under consideration, that the increasing positive values of α, σ and ε decrease the load carrying capacity, frictional force and temperature rise while it increases the coefficient of friction. Increasing positive values of α and ε shift the center of pressure towards the outlet edge. For negative values of α, the increasing value reverses the trend of the effect on performance characteristics which is in conformity with the physical aspects of the problem. A similar trend is observed in case of the effect of negative values of ε. Thus, a negatively skewed surface roughness modifies the performance of the slider bearings whereas the performance of a bearing suffers on account of positively skewed surface roughness. Moreover, it is noticed that in the case of exponential and hyperbolic slider bearings the effect of increasing values of σ is more pronounced whereas in case of plane slider and secant shaped slider this effect is marginal.