Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A deterministic almost-tight distributed algorithm for approximating single-source shortest paths

We present a deterministic (1+o(1))-approximation O(n1/2+o(1)+D1+o(1))-time algorithm for solving the single-source shortest paths problem on distributed weighted networks (the CONGEST model); here n is the number of nodes in the network and D is its (hop) diameter. This is the first non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem. It also improves (i) the running time of the randomized (1+o(1))-approximation Õ(n1/2D1/4+D)-time algorithm of Nanongkai [STOC 2014] by a factor of as large as n1/8, and (ii) the O(є−1logє−1)-approximation factor of Lenzen and Patt-Shamir’s Õ(n1/2+є+D)-time algorithm [STOC 2013] within the same running time. Our running time matches the known time lower bound of Ω(n1/2/logn + D) [Das Sarma et al. STOC 2011] modulo some lower-order terms, thus essentially settling the status of this problem which was raised at least a decade ago [Elkin SIGACT News 2004]. It also implies a (2+o(1))-approximation O(n1/2+o(1)+D1+o(1))-time algorithm for approximating a network’s weighted diameter which almost matches the lower bound by Holzer et al. [PODC 2012]. In achieving this result, we develop two techniques which might be of independent interest and useful in other settings: (i) a deterministic process that replaces the “hitting set argument” commonly used for shortest paths computation in various settings, and (ii) a simple, deterministic, construction of an (no(1), o(1))-hop set of size O(n1+o(1)). We combine these techniques with many distributed algorithmic techniques, some of which from problems that are not directly related to shortest paths, e.g. ruling sets [Goldberg et al. STOC 1987], source detection [Lenzen, Peleg PODC 2013], and partial distance estimation [Lenzen, Patt-Shamir PODC 2015]. Our hop set construction also leads to single-source shortest paths algorithms in two other settings: (i) a (1+o(1))-approximation O(no(1))-time algorithm on congested cliques, and (ii) a (1+o(1))-approximation O(no(1)logW)-pass O(n1+o(1)logW)-space streaming algorithm, when edge weights are in {1, 2, …, W}. The first result answers an open problem in [Nanongkai, STOC 2014]. The second result partially answers an open problem raised by McGregor in 2006 [sublinear.info, Problem 14].
A Case Analysis of an Elementary School's Implementation of Response to Intervention

The study provides an illustration of an elementary school's implementation of a model of Response to Intervention (RTI). The school was selected to be the pilot for RTI implementation within the district. The study employed interviews of all members of the school RTI Leadership Team and select members of the district-level RTI Leadership Team. An inductive, thematic analysis of participants' testimony revealed critical features and contextual issues related to RTI implementation. Major themes included the widespread frustration of participants with traditional prereferral and referral systems regarding special education eligibility and services, careful development of a school implementation plan and process, new role and responsibility challenges given RTI implementation, and the importance of principal and teacher leadership. Participants also provided descriptions of implementation obstacles or barriers and perceived improvements in instruction and student learning. Limitations of the study (given district and school contextual factors) and recommendations for effective RTI implementation are provided.
Social Problem Solving and Aggression: The Role of Depression

The purpose of the present study was to examine direct and indirect relations among social problem-solving, depression, and aggression, as well as the mediating role of depression in the link between social problem-solving and aggression among Turkish youth. Data for the present study were collected from 413 adolescents. The participants’ age ranged from 14 to 17 with a mean of 15.74 years (SD = .97). Results indicated that social problem-solving was significantly and negatively associated with both depression and aggression. Also, depression significantly and positively associated with aggression and depression appears to act as a mediator in the relationship between social problem-solving and aggression. Findings suggest that social problem-solving and depression are important factors in understanding aggression among Turkish youth.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE ILLEGALITY: THE EFFECTS OF BOARD STRUCTURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL VIOLATIONS

This paper examined the effects of corporate governance structures on the incidence of corporate illegality by analyzing the relationship between environmental violations and several dimensions of corporate board structure. Results demonstrated that the value of stock owned by corporate officers and directors was positively and significantly associated with serious environmental violations. Outsider dominance, joint CEO‐Chairpersons, social responsibility committees, and attorneys on boards were not significantly related to corporate illegal behavior. The control variables of size, industry profitability, firm profitability, and industry concentration were all significantly related to environmental violations. The findings involving board structure cast doubt on the efficacy of many popular corporate governance reform proposals.
A hybrid approach to university subject learning activities

In order to get a better understanding of subject design and delivery using a hybrid approach, we have studied a hybrid learning postgraduate programme offered by the University of the Andes, Bogota, Colombia. The study analyses students' perceptions of subject design and delivery, with particular reference to learning activities and the roles of lecturers and students during moments of interaction. Elements of socio-cultural activity theory were taken as a reference for subject analysis. It is a qualitative research project containing some quantitative data. For the purposes of the study, the following instruments were designed and applied: a student survey, student interviews (by subject), lecturer interviews, and a subject design and planning observation guide. The study's conclusions present the characteristics of learning activities and of student-lecturer and student-student interaction that fostered the attainment of subject learning objectives. These characteristics can make a positive contribution to the process of subject design and delivery using a hybrid approach, meaning integration between face-to-face and e-learning actions in the delivery of learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Why do older adult volunteers stop volunteering?

ABSTRACT This paper reports a United States study of the factors that influence the turnover of older adult volunteers. Based on a parent study of programmes that use older adult volunteers, the follow-up study examined the experience for 207 older volunteers who served in ten programmes in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Telephone interviews and mail surveys were used to collect programme and personal information. The findings indicated that aspects of the volunteer experience, like duration of involvement, volunteering in other programme(s), type of activity, the adequacy of on-going support, and the availability of stipends influenced volunteering retention and turnover. Respondents who volunteered for a longer period were committed in other programmes, felt better supported, and received a stipend were less likely to quit volunteering in a designated programme. Also those volunteering in public safety programmes were least likely to quit. As reported by older adult volunteers themselves, the primary reasons for volunteer withdrawal included a higher priority of another productive activity or commitment, declining health, and problems with the programme administration. Volunteers with extensive experience were least likely to withdraw. The findings suggest that organisations with volunteer programmes can promote older adults' long-term engagement as volunteers by providing on-going support and stipends. Changes in programme characteristics would impact positively on volunteer retention, especially among low-income older Americans.
Global Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Tolerance in a Chronically Exposed Wild Population of Brown Trout

Worldwide, a number of viable populations of fish are found in environments heavily contaminated with metals, including brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting the River Hayle in South-West of England. This population is chronically exposed to a water-borne mixture of metals, including copper and zinc, at concentrations lethal to naïve fish. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms employed by the River Hayle brown trout to tolerate high metal concentrations. To achieve this, we combined tissue metal analysis with whole-transcriptome profiling using RNA-seq on an Illumina platform. Metal concentrations in the Hayle trout, compared to fish from a relatively unimpacted river, were significantly increased in the gills, liver and kidney (63-, 34- and 19-fold respectively), but not the gut. This confirms that these fish can tolerate considerable metal accumulation, highlighting the importance of these tissues in metal uptake (gill), storage and detoxification (liver, kidney). We sequenced, assembled and annotated the brown trout transcriptome using a de novo approach. Subsequent gene expression analysis identified 998 differentially expressed transcripts and functional analysis revealed that metal- and ion-homeostasis pathways are likely to be the most important mechanisms contributing to the metal tolerance exhibited by this population.
Measurement of harmonics in different sectors on 11 kV distribution networks

The power quality issues nowadays subjected to the distribution network is the most concern due to employing power electronics and control equipment in the residential, commercial, industry and a grid connected solar plant. This paper presents the practical measurement at seven different locations of 11 kV distribution network in Brunei Darussalam. From the measurements, it is found that the individual harmonic voltage distortion (%) and total harmonic distortion (%) are below the IEEE 519-1992 standard. In addition, the current and voltage THD (%) of the neutral phase are higher than the IEEE 519-1992 standard.
Activated endothelium binds lymphocytes through a novel binding site in the alternately spliced domain of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is induced on endothelial cells by inflammatory cytokines, and binds mononuclear leukocytes through the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) (alpha 4 beta 1). This adhesion pathway has been implicated in a diverse group of physiological and pathological processes, including B cell development, leukocyte activation and recruitment to sites of inflammation, atherosclerosis, and tumor cell metastasis. The major form of VCAM-1 (VCAM-7D) has seven extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, of which the three NH2-terminal domains (domains 1-3) are similar in amino acid sequence to domains 4-6. By functional analysis of VCAM-7D relative to VCAM-6D (a minor 6-domain form of VCAM-1 in which domain 4 is deleted because of alternative splicing), and chimeric constructs between VCAM-1 and its structural relative intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we show that either the first or the homologous fourth domain of VCAM-1 is required for VLA-4-dependent adhesion. Either of these binding sites can function in the absence of the other. When both are present, cell binding activity is increased relative to monovalent forms of the molecule. The homologous binding regions appear to have originated by internal duplication of a portion of a monovalent ancestral gene, before the mammalian radiation. Thus VCAM-1 exemplifies evolution of a functionally bivalent cell-cell adhesion molecule by intergenic duplication. We have also produced a new class of anti-VCAM- 1 monoclonal antibodies that block domain 4-dependent adhesion, and demonstrate that both binding sites participate in the adhesion function of VCAM-1 on endothelial cells in vitro. Therefore both sites must be blocked in clinical, animal, or in vitro studies depending on the use of anti-VCAM-1 antibodies to inactivate the VCAM-1/VLA-4 adhesion pathway.
Premovement and Cognitive Brain Potentials in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

SummaryBrain potentials from normals and patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) were recorded in four different experimental tasks: (1) Auditory target detection, (2) Short-term memory scanning, (3) Fore-warned reaction time (contingent negative variation), and (4) Self-paced movement. In the auditory target detection task, a slow negative potential shift (maximum at Cz), appears prior to stimulus onset in normals, but is markedly reduced in amplitude in patients with CFS. However, all other sensory and cognitive brain potentials do not differ between normals and CFS. Reaction times are slower in CFS compared to normals. In the memory task, a slow negative shift associated with memory scanning is reduced in patients with CFS. For the fore-warned reaction time and self-paced movement tasks, no differences were found between the patients and normals. The finding of premovement related potential abnormalities in CFS supports the concept that central motor preparation and execution are impaired in CFS.
Learning from Corrupted Binary Labels via Class-Probability Estimation

Many supervised learning problems involve learning from samples whose labels are corrupted in some way. For example, each label may be flipped with some constant probability (learning with label noise), or one may have a pool of unlabelled samples in lieu of negative samples (learning from positive and unlabelled data). This paper uses class-probability estimation to study these and other corruption processes belonging to the mutually contaminated distributions framework (Scott et al., 2013), with three conclusions. First, one can optimise balanced error and AUC without knowledge of the corruption parameters. Second, given estimates of the corruption parameters, one can minimise a range of classification risks. Third, one can estimate corruption parameters via a class-probability estimator (e.g. kernel logistic regression) trained solely on corrupted data. Experiments on label noise tasks corroborate our analysis.
Job Identity and Job Stress on Elementary School Health Teachers

Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastocontributetoenhancingelementaryschool healthteachers professional job performance by analyzing their job identity and job stress. Methods:The participants were 138 elementary school health teachers registered at the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education, and the survey was conducted from the 22nd to 23rd of July, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, andstepwise multipleregression usingtheSPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The average percentiles of job identity and job stress were 70.6 and 64.0 respectively. Among the sub-factors of jobidentity, autonomy was highest as73.5, andamong the sub-factorsof job stress, jobdemandwashighest as 73.9. There were significant differences in the degree of job identity and job stress according to education status, thenumber of classes, jobsatisfaction, enthusiasmfor work,andtheimageof nursingteachersexpressed in a word. The regression model explained 21.2% of the variance of job identity. job stress explained 32.0% of the variance. Conclusion:It is important to develop various comprehensive programs for improving job identity and managing job stress. In addition, it is necessary to provide support systems including persons, promotion and rewards to school health teachers.
Human Dickkopf‐1 (huDKK1) protein: Characterization of glycosylation and determination of disulfide linkages in the two cysteine‐rich domains

Human Dickkopf‐1 (huDKK1), an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt‐signaling pathway that has been implicated in bone metabolism and other diseases, was expressed in engineered Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified. HuDKK1 is biologically active in a TCF/lef‐luciferase reporter gene assay and is able to bind LRP6 coreceptor. In SDS‐PAGE, huDKK1 exhibits molecular weights of 27–28 K and 30 K at ∼ 1:9 ratio. By MALDI‐MS analysis, the observed molecular weights of 27.4K and 29.5K indicate that the low molecular weight form may contain O‐linked glycans while the high molecular weight form contains both N‐ and O‐linked glycans. LC‐MS/MS peptide mapping indicates that ∼ 92% of huDKK1 is glycosylated at Asn225 with three N‐linked glycans composed of two biantennary forms with 1 and 2 sialic acid (23% and 60%, respectively), and one triantennary structure with 2 sialic acids (9%). HuDKK1 contains two O‐linked glycans, GalNAc (sialic acid)‐Gal‐sialic acid (65%) and GalNAc‐Gal[sialic acid] (30%), attached at Ser 30 as confirmed by β‐elimination and targeted LC‐MS/MS. The 10 intramolecular disulfide bonds at the N‐ and C‐terminal cysteine‐rich domains were elucidated by analyses including multiple proteolytic digestions, isolation and characterization of disulfide‐containing peptides, and secondary digestion and characterization of selected disulfide‐containing peptides. The five disulfide bonds within the huDKK1 N‐terminal domain are unique to the DKK family proteins; there are no exact matches in disulfide positioning when compared to other known disulfide clusters. The five disulfide bonds assigned in the C‐terminal domain show the expected homology with those found in colipase and other reported disulfide clusters.
Functional and structural analysis of the visual system in the rhesus monkey model of optic nerve head ischemia.

PURPOSE A redistribution of neurochemicals has been identified in the visual cortex of monkeys with laser-induced glaucoma. Examined were functional, structural, and neurochemical changes to the retina, optic nerve, and central visual system in a nonhuman primate model of optic nerve head (ONH) ischemia caused by sustained unilateral administration of endothelin (ET)-1 to the optic nerve. METHOD ET-1 or sham control solution was delivered by osmotic minipump to the retrolaminar region of one optic nerve of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for 1.5 years. ONH topography and blood flow velocity were serially studied with scanning laser tomography and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Retinal and cortical electrophysiologic measurements from pattern-derived stimuli were obtained quarterly. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the distribution of calbindin (CB) and c-Fos labeled neurons in the visual cortex areas V1 and V2, and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Retinal ganglion cell counts and optic nerve axon density were determined by light microscopy. RESULTS No significant changes in retinal and ONH morphology, ONH blood flow velocity, and retinal and cortical pattern-derived functional activity were detected. Measurement of CB-positive cell density in V1 and V2 showed a significant decrease in CB labeling to the contralateral side of the ET-1-treated eye (P < 0.04). CB-positive cells were present in the magnocellular layers of the LGN with no differences noticed between the ET-1- and sham-treated eyes. c-Fos-labeled neurons were found in striate area V1 and extrastriateV2 of both groups. No c-Fos labeling was observed in the LGN. CONCLUSIONS Administering ET-1 to the orbital optic nerve alters neuronal metabolic activity in the visual cortex in rhesus monkeys. Metabolic activity reductions in the visual cortex precede the ability to detect functional and structural alterations in the retina, ONH, and visual cortex in this animal model.
Harnessing members' positive mood for team-directed learning behaviour and team innovation: The moderating role of perceived team feedback

This study examines the role of individual team members' positive mood and perceived team feedback for their team-directed learning behaviour. Results obtained in a sample of 186 members from 27 work teams showed that positive mood was positively associated with team-directed learning behaviour if individual members perceived that the feedback they received was based on the performance of the team as a whole, but not if they perceived such team feedback to be lacking. Moreover, teams were found to be more innovative to the extent that their members, on average, engaged in team-directed learning behaviour to a greater extent. These results offer new insights into the micro-foundations of team learning. Our findings explicate why the contributions of individual members to their team's learning may differ and suggest that, if managed effectively, members' positive mood may be an important resource in facilitating team learning.
Precise bit error rate calculation for asynchronous DS-CDMA in Nakagami fading

Accurate bit error rate calculation is considered for a binary, direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access system using conventional matched filter receivers and long code sequences in flat fading Nakagami channels. To this end, a closed-form expression for the characteristic function of a sum of multiple interfering signals is found. The exact average bit error rate is expressed as a single integral with a well-behaved integrand function. Numerical results obtained from the new accurate bit error rate expression are compared with the standard Gaussian approximation.
Maternal lipids associated with large-for-gestational-age birth weight in women with type 1 diabetes: results from a prospective single-center study

Introduction Despite improvement in diabetes care over the years, the incidence of macrosomia in type 1 diabetic mothers is still very high and even shows an increasing tendency. It is suggested that other factors that maternal hyperglycemia might be associated with excessive fetal growth in diabetic mothers. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal lipids might contribute to high rates of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Material and methods This prospective, single-center study was performed in a population of women with T1DM admitted to the perinatal center for women with diabetes. Data were collected in the first trimester (< 12th week), in mid-pregnancy (20th–24th weeks), and before delivery (34th–39th weeks). Results Among 114 women included in the analysis, 30 (26.3%) delivered LGA newborns. The remaining 84 (73.7%) newborns were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) HDL concentration in the first trimester was significantly associated with LGA (p = 0.01). Similar associations were observed for the HDL concentrations in mid-pregnancy (p = 0.04) and before delivery (p = 0.03). Higher triglyceride concentrations in the first trimester (p = 0.02) and before delivery (p = 0.008) were associated with LGA. Higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in mid-pregnancy and before delivery were associated with LGA. The associations between maternal lipids and LGA were independent of maternal body mass index at onset of the study, gestational weight gain and HbA1c concentrations. Conclusions Decreased HDL and increased triglycerides during pregnancy might contribute to the development of LGA in women with type 1 diabetes.