Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Axial magnetic anomaly amplitude along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge between 20°N and 40°N

After reduction to correct for the topography, spreading rate, latitude, and lineation azimuth effects, axial magnetic anomalies amplitudes are compared with bathymetric, gravity, seismological, and geochemical data along a 2600-km-long section of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis between 20°N and 40°N. Significant results are obtained at two different scales, a regional one (>100 km) related to sublithospheric thermal perturbations such as those associated to hotspots and a local one (<100 km) related to ridge segmentation. At a regional scale, two long-wavelength highs of the axial magnetic anomaly amplitudes are observed between 37.5°N and 40°N and between 27°N and 30°N. The first high, associated with marked bathymetric, gravity, geoid, seismic velocity, and geochemical anomalies, is related to the Azores hotspot and is interpreted as reflecting the existence of a thick and/or Fe-Ti enriched magnetic source layer. A second long-wavelength high centered at 28.5°N corresponds to a weaker bathymetric and gravity signature; it is associated with a large low seismic velocity anomaly and a marked intermediate-wavelength positive geoid high which suggest higher sublithospheric temperatures, deeper and more extensive partial melting, and a thicker and/or Fe-Ti enriched magnetic source layer. At a local scale, all but one of the 25 ridge segments investigated show that axial magnetic anomaly amplitude is higher at segment ends by a factor of 2 compared to segment centers. A clear correlation is observed between the range of axial magnetic anomaly amplitude and the range of the mantle Bouguer anomaly (ΔMBA) within each segment. More complex relationships exist between median amplitude, amplitude at segment centers and at segments ends, and ΔMBA. Separation of segments in two groups (“hotter” and “colder”) based on ΔMBA shows different types of variations among segment, with grouped amplitudes at segment centers and scattered amplitudes at segment ends for hotter segments and the opposite for colder segments. These observations support shallow fractionation and the presence of serpentinized bodies in the vicinity of discontinuities as the major processes which control the axial magnetic anomaly amplitude variations.
Hsp90-Associated Immunophilin Homolog Cpr7 Is Required for the Mitotic Stability of [URE3] Prion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The role of Hsp70 chaperones in yeast prion propagation is well established. Highly conserved Hsp90 chaperones participate in a number of cellular processes, such as client protein maturation, protein degradation, cellular signalling and apoptosis, but little is known about their role in propagation of infectious prion like aggregates. Here, we examine the influence of Hsp90 in the maintenance of yeast prion [URE3] which is a prion form of native protein Ure2, and reveal a previously unknown role of Hsp90 as an important regulator of [URE3] stability. We show that the C-terminal MEEVD pentapeptide motif, but not the client maturation activity of Hsp90, is essential for [URE3] prion stability. In testing deletions of various Hsp90 co-chaperones known to bind this motif, we find the immunophilin homolog Cpr7 is essential for [URE3] propagation. We show that Cpr7 interacts with Ure2 and enhances its fibrillation. The requirement of Cpr7 is specific for [URE3] as its deletion does not antagonize both strong and weak variant of another yeast prion [PSI +], suggesting a distinct role of the Hsp90 co-chaperone with different yeast prions. Our data show that, similar to the Hsp70 family, the Hsp90 chaperones also influence yeast prion maintenance, and that immunophilins could regulate protein multimerization independently of their activity as peptidyl-prolyl isomerases.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERPERSONAL DISTANCE

Locus of control and Mach IV scores are found to be correlated with standing interpersonal distancing behavior in a behavioral game. Correlations between interpersonal distance and factors of these scales suggest that interpersonal distance is not generally manipulated actively to influence others but that greater distance is used as a defense against perceived negative characteristics of others. Scores on Vando's (1969) Reducer Augmentor scale predict distancing behavior with specific individuals (research confederates), but the direction of the correlation varies among individuals.
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in patients with Down's syndrome.

Correspondence:Keith J. BarringtonE-mail: keith.barrington@umontreal.ca8. O’Brien K, Campbell C, Havlin L, Wenger L. Shah V. Infant flow biphasic NCPAP versus infant flowCPAP for the facilitation of successful extubation in infants 1250 grams: A randomized controlled trial. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2009:14;11A (abstract). 9. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, Doyle LW, Barrington KJ, Ohlsson A, et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2112-21.10. Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, Doyle LW, Barrington KJ, Ohlsson A, et al. Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1893-902. * MD. Pediatric Cardiology Division, Pediatrics Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this editorial.
Spread Of ( Mis ) lnformation In Social Networks Daron Acemoglu Asuman Ozdaglar All ParandehGheibi

We provide a model to investigate the tension between information aggregation and spread of misinformation in large societies (conceptualized as networks of agents communicating with each other). Each individual holds a belief represented by a scalar. Individuals meet pairwise and exchange information, which is modeled as both individuals adopting the average of their pre-meeting beliefs. When all individuals engage in this t3'pe of information exchange, the society will be able to effectively aggregate the initial information held by all individuals. There is also the possibility of misinformation, however, because some of the individuals are "forceful," meaning that they influence the beliefs of (some) of the other individuals they meet, but do not change their own opinion. The paper characterizes how the presence of forceful agents interferes with information aggregation. Under the assumption that even forceful agents obtain some information (however infrequent) from some others (and additional weak regularity conditions), we first show that beliefs in this class of societies converge to a consensus among all individuals. This consensus value is a random variable, however, and we characterize its behavior. Our main results quantify the extent of misinformation in the society by either providing bounds or exact results (in some special cases) on how far the consensus value can be from the benchmark without forceful agents (where there is efficient information aggregation). The worst outcomes obtain when there are several forceful agents and forceful agents themselves update their beliefs only on the basis of information they obtain from individuals most likely to have received their own information previously.
Associated Proteins as Possible Cross‐Linkers in the Neuronal Cytoskeleton a

The neuronal cytoskeleton, like the cytoskeleton of most other cell types, is composed of three types of filaments: the microtubules, the microfilaments, and the intermediate filaments. Morphological as well as axonal transport evidence have indicated that these fibrous elements are not totally independent, but are linked together. The elements that cross-link these filaments are at the present time poorly identified. We propose that these cross-linking elements are in fact the microtubule and intermediate filament associated proteins, some of which have been previously identified, whereas other have not. The neurofilaments are composed of a core 68 kD protein, and two apparent associated proteins, with molecular weights of 150K and ZOoK. '-' Recent studies have indicated that the 200 kD protein in particular may serve as a filament-filament linker These studies were done primarily by immunoelectron microscopy experiments. Developmental studies have indicated that there is a delayed appearance of this protein in optic and brain," presumably corresponding to a rigidifying of the processes with the corresponding decrease in plasticity due to the cross-linking of neurofilaments. Microtubules have been shown to be composed of a core tubulin dimer, with various associated proteins of high molecular weight (MAP1 and MAPZ), as well as proteins in the 50-70K molecular weight range (tau proteins). Several studies have indicated that interactions between neurofilaments and microtubules are mediated through MAPS. These include studies on the viscosity of a neurofilamentmicrotubule complex," as well as direct interaction studies between MAPS and neurofilaments. '*
Parental Knowledge of Potential Cancer Risks From Exposure to Computed Tomography

OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography (CT) imaging of children is increasing in emergent settings without an understanding of parental knowledge of potential cancer risks. In children with head injuries, our primary objective was to determine the proportion of parents who were aware of the potential of CT to increase a child's lifetime risk of malignancy. We also examined willingness to proceed with recommended CT after risk disclosure and preference to be informed of potential risks. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional survey of parents whose children presented to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department with a head injury. Survey questions were derived and validated by using expert opinion, available literature, and pre- and pilot testing of questions with the target audience. RESULTS: Of the 742 enrolled parents, 454 (61.2%) were female and 594 (80.0%) were aged 31 to 50 years. Importantly, 357 (46.8%) were aware of the potential for an increased lifetime malignancy risk from CT. Before risk estimate provision, the proportion of parents “very willing/willing” to proceed with head CT was 90.4%; after disclosure, willingness decreased to 69.6% (P < .0001), and 42 (5.6%) would refuse the CT. Of note, 673 (90.3%) wished to be informed of potential malignancy risks. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the participating parents were aware of the potential increased lifetime malignancy risk associated with head CT imaging. Willingness to proceed with CT testing was reduced after risk disclosure but was a significant barrier for a small minority of parents. Most parents wanted to be informed of potential malignancy risks before proceeding with imaging.
Mineral nutrient uptake from prey and glandular phosphatase activity as a dual test of carnivory in semi-desert plants with glandular leaves suspected of carnivory.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ibicella lutea and Proboscidea parviflora are two American semi-desert species of glandular sticky plants that are suspected of carnivory as they can catch small insects. The same characteristics might also hold for two semi-desert plants with glandular sticky leaves from Israel, namely Cleome droserifolia and Hyoscyamus desertorum. The presence of proteases on foliar hairs, either secreted by the plant or commensals, detected using a simple test, has long been considered proof of carnivory. However, this test does not prove whether nutrients are really absorbed from insects by the plant. To determine the extent to which these four species are potentially carnivorous, hair secretion of phosphatases and uptake of N, P, K and Mg from fruit flies as model prey were studied in these species and in Roridula gorgonias and Drosophyllum lusitanicum for comparison. All species examined possess morphological and anatomical adaptations (hairs or emergences secreting sticky substances) to catch and kill small insects. METHODS The presence of phosphatases on foliar hairs was tested using the enzyme-labelled fluorescence method. Dead fruit flies were applied to glandular sticky leaves of experimental plants and, after 10-15 d, mineral nutrient content in their spent carcasses was compared with initial values in intact flies after mineralization. KEY RESULTS Phosphatase activity was totally absent on Hyoscyamus foliar hairs, a certain level of activity was usually found in Ibicella, Proboscidea and Cleome, and a strong response was found in Drosophyllum. Roridula exhibited only epidermal activity. However, only Roridula and Drosophyllum took up nutrients (N, P, K and Mg) from applied fruit flies. CONCLUSIONS Digestion of prey and absorption of their nutrients are the major features of carnivory in plants. Accordingly, Roridula and Drosophyllum appeared to be fully carnivorous; by contrast, all other species examined are non-carnivorous as they did not meet the above criteria.
Measurement of keyhole effect in a wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel

It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole. " In this letter, we present the (to our knowledge) first measurement of this effect. The measurements are done in a controlled indoor environment, with transmitter and receiver in two adjacent rooms. One of the rooms is shielded, and propagation to the other room can occur only through a hole or a waveguide in the wall. We find that only the waveguide leads to an unambiguous keyhole, while a hole of the same size still allows multimodal propagation. Measurement of amplitude statistics also confirm theoretical predictions.
WATER MANAGEMENT AND N, P LOSSES FROM PADDY FIELDS IN SOUTHERN KOREA 1

ABSTRACT: Assessment and control of nutrient losses from paddy fields is important to protect water quality of lakes and streams in Korea. A four‐year field study was carried out to investigate water management practices and losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in rice paddy irrigation fields in southern Korea. The amount and water quality of rainfall, irrigation, surface drainage, and infiltration were measured and analyzed to estimate inputs and losses of N and P. The observed irrigation amount surpassed consumptive use, and approximately 52 to 69 percent of inflow (precipitation plus irrigation) was lost to surface drainage. Field data showed that significant amounts of irrigation water and rainfall were not effectively used for rice paddy culture. Water quality data indicated that drainage from paddy fields could degrade the recipient water environment. The nutrient balance indicated that significant amounts of nutrients (29.5 percent of total N and 8.6 percent of total P compared to input) were lost through surface drainage. Furthermore, up to half the nutrient losses occurred during nonstorm periods. The study results indicate that inadequate water management influences N and P losses during both storm and nonstorm periods. Proper water management is required to reduce nutrient losses through surface drainage from paddy fields; this includes such measures as minimum irrigation, effective use of rainfall, adoption of proper drainage outlet structures, and minimized forced surface drainage.
Unperturbed Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Phenotype and Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients

Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disorder linked to diverse intracellular infections as well as physiological stress. Cytotoxic lymphocytes combat intracellular infections. Their function is attenuated by stress. Despite numerous studies, the role of cytotoxic lymphocytes in ME/CFS remains unclear. Prompted by advances in the understanding of defects in lymphocyte cytotoxicity, the discovery of adaptive natural killer (NK) cell subsets associated with certain viral infections, and compelling links between stress, adrenaline, and cytotoxic lymphocyte function, we reassessed the role of cytotoxic lymphocytes in ME/CFS. Forty-eight patients from two independent cohorts fulfilling the Canada 2003 criteria for ME/CFS were evaluated with respect to cytotoxic lymphocyte phenotype and function. Results were compared to values from matched healthy controls. Reproducible differences between patients and controls were not found in cytotoxic lymphocyte numbers, cytotoxic granule content, activation status, exocytotic capacity, target cell killing, or cytokine production. One patient expressed low levels of perforin, explained by homozygosity for the PRF1 p.A91V variant. However, overall, this variant was present in a heterozygous state at the expected population frequency among ME/CFS patients. No single patient displayed any pathological patterns of cellular responses. Increased expansions of adaptive NK cells or deviant cytotoxic lymphocyte adrenaline-mediated inhibition were not observed. In addition, supervised dimensionality reduction analyses of the full, multidimensional datasets did not reveal any reproducible patient/control discriminators. In summary, employing sensitive assays and analyses for quantification of cytotoxic lymphocyte differentiation and function, cytotoxicity lymphocyte aberrances were not found among ME/CFS patients. These assessments of cytotoxic lymphocytes therefore do not provide useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of ME/CFS.
Two Epimeric Flavalignans from Trichilia catigua (Meliaceae) with Antimicrobial Activity

A mixture of flavalignan cinchonains Ia and Ib was isolated from the bark of Trichilia catigua. The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data of the natural products and their methylated derivatives including 2D NMR experiments, and compared with data in the literature. These flavalignans exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Creation of homogeneous composite climatological reference series

Most techniques used to adjust climatological time series for inhomogeneities require a homogeneous reference series for comparison with each time series being evaluated. However, creating homogeneous reference series from data with unknown inhomogeneities presents many obstacles. Although a truly homogeneous reference series may, in fact, not be obtainable, in this article we present a method that has proven successful at minimizing inhomogeneities in the creation of reference climatological time series. The method utilizes a multistep process based on non-parametric statistics and an alternative way of relating two time series through correlation analysis. This alternative uses the year-to-year change in the variable under consideration (e.g. temperature) as the basis for correlation.
Dense Human Body Correspondences Using Convolutional Networks

We propose a deep learning approach for finding dense correspondences between 3D scans of people. Our method requires only partial geometric information in the form of two depth maps or partial reconstructed surfaces, works for humans in arbitrary poses and wearing any clothing, does not require the two people to be scanned from similar view-points, and runs in real time. We use a deep convolutional neural network to train a feature descriptor on depth map pixels, but crucially, rather than training the network to solve the shape correspondence problem directly, we train it to solve a body region classification problem, modified to increase the smoothness of the learned descriptors near region boundaries. This approach ensures that nearby points on the human body are nearby in feature space, and vice versa, rendering the feature descriptor suitable for computing dense correspondences between the scans. We validate our method on real and synthetic data for both clothed and unclothed humans, and show that our correspondences are more robust than is possible with state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, and more accurate than those found using methods that require full watertight 3D geometry.
Interest Rate Pass-Through and Monetary Policy Asymmetry: A Journey into the Caucasian Black Box

This paper analyses the interest rate pass-through for five economies of the Caucasus – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Russia. Employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) specification to monthly data, we find that the interest rate pass-through is systematically incomplete and sluggish, probably due to macroeconomic instability and low banking sector competition. It is not clear whether pass-through has improved over time and asymmetric adjustment is found to characterize the pass-through only occasionally. Overall, our results show a considerable degree of cross-country heterogeneity in the size and speed of the pass-through.
Variabilité des habitudes tardiglaciaires dans le Bassin parisien : l'organisation spatiale et sociale de l'Azilien ancien du Closeau

L’enquete palethnographique sur les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Tardiglaciaire du Bassin parisien s’est, de longue date, interessee aux pratiques de l’habitat, tant au niveau de l’unite d’occupation qu’a l’echelle des campements. Une voie de recherche parallele a tente d’identifier les auteurs des productions lithiques et osseuses notamment. Appliquee aux gisements magdaleniens, cette demarche a ete particulierement feconde alors qu’il a fallu attendre 1994 et la fouille du Closeau pour qu’elle puisse concerner un site azilien. Sur le niveau ancien du Closeau, des etudes classiques ont permis de decrire des unites d’habitation fortement structurees, mais egalement, grâce aux remontages lithiques, les relations qu’elles ont entretenues. Des travaux recents associant les donnees de la saisonnalite, les modes d’utilisation de l’espace et les quantites d’artefacts abandonnes ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant a la comprehension de la gestion economique et de l’organisation sociale d’un territoire azilien.
Norcantharidin, Derivative of Cantharidin, for Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) existing in human cancers have been demonstrated to be a major cause of cancer treatment resistance, invasion, metastasis, and relapse. Self-renewal pathways, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and the Notch signaling pathway play critical roles in developing CSCs and lead to angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an unfavorable factor causing the failure of treatments against cancer cells. The most important and thoroughly studied mechanism involved in MDR is the active efflux of chemotherapeutic agents through membrane drug transporters. There is growing evidence that Norcantharidin (NCTD), a water-soluble synthetic small molecule derivative of naturally occurring cantharidin from the medicinal insect blister beetle (Mylabris phalerata Pallas), is capable of chemoprevention and tumor inhibition. We summarize investigations into the modulation of self-renewal pathways and MDR in CSCs by NCTD. This review may aid in further investigation of using NCTD to develop more effective strategies for cancer treatment to reduce resistance and recurrence.