Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Right Ventricular Function and Increased Right Ventricular [ 18 F ] Fluorodeoxyglucose Accumulation in Patients with Heart Failure

Background Left heart failure is characterized by alterations in metabolic substrate utilization, and metabolic modulation may be a future strategy in the management of heart failure (HF). There is little known about cardiac metabolism in the right ventricle and how it relates to other measures of right ventricular function. This study was designed to measure glucose metabolism in the right ventricle (RV) estimated using [F] fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET imaging and to determine the relationship between right ventricular function and FDG uptake in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results A total of 68 patients had cardiac [F] FDG PET scans with measurement of right ventricular FDG uptake as a standardized uptake value (SUV). Perfusion imaging was acquired at rest with rubidium-82 or [N]-ammonia. Right ventricular function was determined using ERVG. Relative RV FDG uptake was determined as the ratio of RV:LV SUV. Fifty-five % of these patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM). The mean LVEF and RVEF were 21±7% and 35±10% respectively. There was a correlation between RVEF and the ratio of RV/LV FDG uptake whether the entire LV myocardium (-0.40, p<0.001) or LV free wall (-0.43, p<0.001) was used. This relationship persisted in the subgroup with nonischemic CM (0.37, p=0.04). RV FDG uptake was weakly related to increased right ventricular systolic pressure but not related to LV size, function nor LV FDG uptake. The correlation between RVEF and RV/LV FDG was maintained after partial volume correction (r=-0.68, p<0.001). Conclusions Right ventricular dysfunction is associated with an increase in the RV FDG uptake, the magnitude of which may correlate with severity.
Role of working memory load on selective attention to affectively valent information

Empirical evidence obtained with neutral stimuli has shown that selective attention relies on working memory functions as distractor processing occurs under conditions of high but not of low working memory load. We investigated whether these findings also hold for affectively valent distractors. In three experiments, participants completed the original Flanker task with famous people (Exps 1 and 2) and an affective Flanker task (Exp. 3) in which positive and negative words were presented superimposed onto happy, angry, and neutral faces under conditions of high or low working memory load. In line with past findings, results showed greater interference effects due to processing of distractors showing known people under high working memory load. In contrast interference effects due to processing of valent distractors occurred regardless of working memory load. The present findings are in contrast with those reported with neutral stimuli as they indicate that automatic evaluation of incoming affectively valent information occurs regardless of task priorities and of working memory load.
Are There Religious Variations in Marital Infidelity?

Although previous scholarship has examined the relationship between religious involvement and a wide range of family outcomes, the relationship between religion and extramarital sexual behavior remains understudied. The authors investigate how religious affiliation, participation, and biblical beliefs explain differences in self-reported marital infidelity. This study examines data from the 1991-2004 General Social Surveys and finds that religious factors are associated with the likelihood of marital infidelity. Both church attendance and biblical beliefs are associated with lower odds of self-reported infidelity. Additionally, the authors find substantial denominational variations in the odds of marital infidelity, particularly among those who strongly affiliate with their religious group.
ETO/MTG8 Is an Inhibitor of C/EBPβ Activity and a Regulator of Early Adipogenesis

ABSTRACT The putative transcriptional corepressor ETO/MTG8 has been extensively studied due to its involvement in a chromosomal translocation causing the t(8;21) form of acute myeloid leukemia. Despite this, the role of ETO in normal physiology has remained obscure. Here we show that ETO is highly expressed in preadipocytes and acts as an inhibitor of C/EBPβ during early adipogenesis, contributing to its characteristically delayed activation. ETO prevents both the transcriptional activation of the C/EBPα promoter by C/EBPβ and its concurrent accumulation in centromeric sites during early adipogenesis. ETO expression rapidly reduces after the initiation of adipogenesis, and this is essential to the normal induction of adipogenic gene expression. These findings define, for the first time, a molecular role for ETO in normal physiology as an inhibitor of C/EBPβ and a novel regulator of early adipogenesis.
A prospective study of postoperative symptoms in sinonasal quality‐of‐life following endoscopic skull‐base surgery: dissociations based on specific symptoms

Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is a minimal access approach to cranial base pathology; however, it significantly disrupts the intranasal mucosa and intranasal structures, the long‐term effects of which are still being studied. We prospectively assessed postoperative changes in sinonasal QOL symptoms following ESBS.
Sportswriters Talk about Themselves: An Attitude Study

This study, based on a summer 1989 mail survey of 68 sportswriters from 10 Southwestern newspapers, used Likert scales to measure attitudes toward such topics as accuracy, ethics, and writing styles. The sportswriters, who had a median age of 35, 12 years of sports writing experience, and (mostly) earned college degrees, judged themselves more often ethically tested than were other reporters. They regarded their work as creative, liked it, and generally felt good about themselves. Many aimed eventually to write sports columns.
Has alcohol been proven to be protective against coronary heart disease?

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco Box 0612, San Francisco, CA 94148-0612, USA, Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA, Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada, National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia, and Department of Epidemology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco Box 0840, San Francisco, CA, USA
PAMAM dendrimers — diverse biomedical applications. Facts and unresolved questions

In this mini-review a number of novel outcomes, originating from studies in the field of PAMAM dendrimers, are presented and discussed. Owing to the multi-disciplinary nature of dendrimer chemistry it seems important to focus on the relevant topical research of PAMAM dendrimers, including their function, toxicity, surface modifications, and also possible new applications of these spherical polymers. We also consider the possibilities of specific functionalisation of PAMAM dendrimers — both novel ideas and those that have already been reported; as well as their cell-mediated effects (toxic and non-toxic). Then the reactivity of dendrimers’ terminal groups, and their anticipated protective role against modifications of biomacromolecules, are discussed with regard to future developments in biomedical research.
Latent and lytic Epstein‐Barr virus replication strategies

The Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) can choose between two alternative lifestyles; latent or lytic replication. In the latent state, the EBV genomic DNA, which exists as a closed circular plasmid, appears to behave just like host chromosomal DNA and it has been demonstrated recently that replication of OriP‐containing plasmids is indeed dependent on the chromosomal initiation factors, ORC2 and Cdt1. On the other hand, in the viral productive cycle, the EBV genome is amplified 100‐ to 1000‐fold by the viral replication machinery. EBV productive DNA replication occurs at discrete sites in nuclei, called replication compartments and the lytic programme arrests cell cycle progression and changes the cellular environment greatly. It has been revealed recently that the EBV lytic programme promotes an S‐phase like cellular condition, which most favours viral lytic replication. This review describes recent advances regarding the molecular basis of EBV DNA replication during latent and lytic infections and then refers to cellular circumstances after induction of the lytic replication of EBV. Based on the molecular mechanism for the EBV lifestyle, purposeful induction of the lytic form of EBV infection is now advocated as one of the strategies for specific destruction of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated malignancies where the virus is latently infected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for Mobile TV Apps

In recent years, smart phone market has risen and the demands of mobile applications increase sharply. Daily mobile applications have shown their great potential and influences throughout mobile commerce. Mobile TV app is one of the most popular mobile applications in the entertainment genre. Advances in 4G mobile network make high-quality mobile TV and video streaming apps prospective. With the emergence of mobile TV apps, there is a pressing need to understand the determinants of users' intention to use and willingness to pay. This study aims to advance our understanding of the factors that influence the intention to use and willingness to pay for mobile TV apps by triangulating the social cognitive theory, motivation theory and the notion of perceived value. An empirical survey of 497 subjects who have used the mobile TV app was conducted to examine our proposed model. The results reveal that interpersonal/external social influence, personal mobile innovativeness, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived utilitarian/hedonic value significantly affect an individual's intention to use mobile TV apps, while mobile-specific self-efficacy does not. On the other hand, perceived utilitarian value and perceived hedonic value influence a user’s willingness to pay. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Chapter 2 Making Sense of Knowledge Integration Maps

D. Ifenthaler and R. Hanewald (eds.), Digital Knowledge Maps in Education: TechnologyEnhanced Support for Teachers and Learners, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3178-7_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Digital knowledge maps are rich sources of information to track students’ learning. However, making sense of concept maps has been found challenging. Using multiple quantitative and qualitative methods in combination allows triangulating of changes in students’ understanding. This chapter introduces a novel form of concept map, called knowledge integration map (KIM), and uses KIMs as examples for an overview of concept map analysis methods. KIMs are a form of digital knowledge maps. KIMs have been implemented in high school science classrooms to facilitate and assess complex science topics, such as evolution. KIM analysis aims to triangulate changes in learners’ conceptual understanding through a multilevel analysis strategy, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative analysis included overall, selected, and weighted propositional analysis using a knowledge integration rubric and network analysis describing changes in network density and prominence of selected concepts. Research suggests that scoring only selected propositions can be more sensitive to measuring conceptual change because it focuses on key concepts of the map. Qualitative analysis of KIMs included topographical analysis methods to describe the overall geometric structure of the map and qualitative analysis of link types. This chapter suggests that a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods can capture different aspects of KIMs and can provide a rich description of changes in students’ understanding of complex topics.
The Discursive Construction of Power in Teacher Partnerships: Language and Subject Specialists in Mainstream Schools

This article shows how language and subject teachers in London secondary schools are positioned differently through their discursive performance of pedagogies and knowledge and how members of classroom communities view language and subject teachers as unequal. The data analysis drew on ethnography of communication (Hymes, 1972) and semiotic functional approaches (Jakobson, 1971, 1981) to explain the observations, interviews, class transcripts, and government/school policy documents collected during the 1-year research period. Findings raise questions about the success of a policy that seeks to make teaching relationships between language specialists and subject specialists the main support for meeting the needs of bilingual children in London secondary schools.
Felt Understanding and Misunderstanding Affect the Perception of Pain, Slant, and Distance

We conducted two studies to examine whether the psychological states of felt understanding and misunderstanding would affect people’s basic perceptions such as pain, geographical slant, and distance. As predicted, an experimentally induced sense of felt understanding relative to misunderstanding increased pain tolerance marginally and reduced the perceived distance to the target locations significantly. In Study 2, we not only replicated Study 1’s findings on pain tolerance and distance perception but also found that participants in the understanding condition perceived the same hill to be significantly less steep than those in the misunderstanding condition. Our studies demonstrated that the experimentally induced feeling of misunderstanding tends to have the aversive effect on the perception of pain, geographical slant, and distance, whereas the experimentally induced feeling of understanding tends to alleviate pain, reduce the geographical slant, and the perceived distance to a target location.
How Accurately Can Parents Judge Their Children’s Boredom in School?

The purpose of the present study was to explore what parents know about their Children’s boredom in school; specifically, the frequency, intensity, and antecedents of their Children’s boredom, as well as how they cope with boredom. A questionnaire was administered to 437 grade 9 students (54% female, Mage = 14.82) and their parents (72% mothers, 14% fathers, 12% both parents, Mage = 45.26) measuring variables related to students boredom in mathematics class. Three different measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of parents’ judgments: (1) the correlation between parents’ and students’ answers, (2) the mean differences between parents’ and students’ answers, and (3) the mean values of absolute differences of parents’ and students’ answers. The results suggest that parents generally have an informed knowledge about their child’s boredom and related facets. This is reflected by a mean correlation of medium size ( = 0.34) and a small mean effect size of the difference between parents’ and students’ judgments over all items ( = 0.20). Parents are also substantially better in judging their Children’s boredom compared to guessing for all variables (mean effect size of = 0.65). They had the most precise judgments for the frequency and intensity of boredom. The antecedents of boredom (e.g., characteristics of instruction) were also well estimated by parents; specifically, parents tend to have a bias in favor for their children evidenced by overestimating antecedents that cannot be influenced by the students and underestimating those that can be influenced by the students. The least concordance was found between parents’ and Children’s perception of boredom coping strategies (e.g., accepting boredom), implying that parents lack information about how their children intentionally cope with boredom. Implications for research on student boredom are discussed as well as practical applications involving parents in boredom prevention.
Dilemmas of Power in Post-Graduate Practice: A Comment on Research Training

Recent policy discussions on research methods training and the funding of post-graduate students in sociology have not paid adequate attention to the conflicts and contradictions experienced by students working on projects which are sponsored, or simply `housed', by external funders, employers and information `users'. This discussion note argues that lack of clarity in the use of concepts such as `practical research', `research practice' and `reflective practitioner', and the uneven power relations between students, supervisors, funders and employers, create situations where students have to become more adept at pragmatically handling evidence than at learning how to collect it in an independent and scholarly way. The changing nature of professional practice within organisations, increasingly characterised by growing managerialism and hostility towards open information, contributes to the dilemmas faced by students, as do structural pressures on the curriculum facing higher education institutions themselves. These are issues which should be of concern to the sociological profession as a whole.
Young Chinese children’s anger and distress

A hierarchical cluster analysis of the time course of the videotaped reactions of 75 Chinese 2–4-year olds to mothers’ toy-removal identified Distress, Low Anger, and High Anger behavior clusters. Anger often begins at low intensity; some children then escalate. The face-validity of Low and High Anger-cluster classifications was supported in that High Anger was displayed by a subset of the children who had first showed Low Anger. The three clusters had different and interpretable correlations with mothers’ temperament ratings. Developmentally, 2-year-olds displayed more Distress, including crying; 3-year-olds showed more Low Anger, including stamp-jump. While Low Anger is predominant during toy-removal in Chinese children, it is, contrastingly, the least-frequent component in the tantrums of North American children.
Face recognition, pose and ecological validity.

This paper describes five experiments with two main aims; first, to assess the effects of variations in photographic facial pose on recognizability. A second, more fundamental aim was to examine the reliability of laboratory findings relevant to face recognition, in more ecologically valid settings, and to develop a methodology to further this aim. In Experiment 1 best performance was achieved with provision of three facial poses, namely full-face, three-quarter and profile views. With a single pose a three-quarter view was the most helpful. Experiments 2 and 3 attempted to evaluate these findings in a real-life setting using the general public or paid volunteers who attempted to identify a live target in a town centre from a previously presented photograph. The general public produced a very poor response, and the volunteers produced a low detection and high false recognition rate. Experiment 4 increased constraints on the experimental environment and produced a reasonable hit rate, but no effects of pose. Experiment 5 was a laboratory study where the presentation of a live target preceded photographic recognition. Effects of pose reappeared in line with results of Experiment 1. These results underline the danger involved in making practical recommendations arising from purely laboratory based research.
Internal and External Control as Determinants of Decision Making under Conditions of Risk

Decision making, although not a new area in psychology, has recently become the subject of new and widespread attention in relatively contrasting approaches to human behavior. On the one hand, the theory of games (von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1947) has initiated an interest in the applicability of mathematical models to interpersonal situations involving a conflict of interests. A discussion and critical evaluation of the work in games and decisions that derives from the von Neumann and Morgenstern program can be found in Luce and Raiffa (1958). This tradition shades off into investigations of problems that are related to different disciplines such as logic, economics, and psychology. Examples of this "formalistic" approach to decision making that have been instigated by game theory are the work of Edwards (1953, 1954a, 1954b, 1 9 5 4 ~ ) and Davidson, Siegel, and Suppes (1957). The other approach to decision making is personality-centered. Typical of this line of inquiry are the studies which focus on the motivational determinants and empirical correlates of risk taking (Atkinson, 1957; McClelland, 1958; Scodel, Ratoosh, & Minas, 1959). The present study is an attempt to explore a further determinant of decision making under conditions of risk which we have called internal versus external control. Suppose a person is confronted with a number of possible bets of zero expected value (i.e., bets which pay off in complete accord with objective probabilities), one of which he has to make, and suppose, too, that he has full knowledge of the objective probabilities regarding outcomes. On what basis does he select among these bets? I t has already been established that people have stable probability preferences (Edwards, 1953, 1954b), but our concern is with the possible effects of one's Wekanschauung on such preferences. What we mean by internal control in this context is a tendency to employ a suategy which attempts to maximize the number of favorable outcomes. The term can be given a broader meaning to specify a general belief in one's ability to order his own fate, but with respect to situations where chance is perceived as governing outcomes, internal control would be restricted to this tendency to assure oneself of conuol by a cautious and planned selection of probabilities. By external control we mean a disposition to select bets either on the basis
Comparing the Effectiveness of Two Self-Administered Career Exploration Systems

This study compared the effects of the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1985b) and the Career Decision-Making System—Revised (CDM-R; Harrington & O'Shea, 1992) on the career maturity of first-year college students. Participants (N = 84) completed measures of career decision-making attitudes (Crites, 1978b) and knowledge of career decision-making principles (Super, Thompson, Lindeman, Jordaan, & Myers, 1981) before and after participation in a career exploration treatment. Results revealed a significant effect of the CDM-R upon participants' knowledge of career decision-making principles. No other changes in career maturity, however, were revealed. Implications for career counselors and career development researchers are discussed.
Use of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, demographics, and information sources as antecedents to cognitive and affective destination image for Egypt

This research examines the role of demographics and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions in the selection of tourist information sources and in the formation of destination image. Data were collected from 201 respondents from different countries. Findings generally support some of the hypothesized relationships. Cultural dimensions were significantly related to the use of travel agencies, friends, and magazines, while age was related to the use of the Internet. Previous experience and travel agencies were significantly and negatively associated with cognitive image. Only the Internet was associated with affective image. Academic and practical implications are presented as well as suggestions for future research.