Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparison of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry and the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Study

Background—This investigation compares the results of contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with standard balloon angioplasty among patients with multivessel coronary disease. Patients having balloon angioplasty in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) and those within the Dynamic Registry meeting BARI eligibility criteria were studied. Methods and Results—Clinical features and in-hospital and 1-year outcomes of 857 BARI-eligible patients in the Dynamic Registry (contemporary PCI) were compared with the 904 randomized patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in BARI. Compared with BARI patients, Registry patients had fewer lesions attempted (1.53 versus 2.56, P =0.001), more frequent single-vessel PCI (76% versus 33%, P <0.001), greater use of intracoronary stents (76% versus 1%, P <0.001), and GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (24% versus 0%, P <0.001). Angiographic success was achieved more often among Registry patients (91% versus 72%, P <0.001), whereas abrupt closure (1.5% versus 9.5%, P <0.001) and in-hospital coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (1.9% versus 10.2%, P <0.001) and myocardial infarction (0.8% versus 2.1%, P =0.025) were less common. No differences were observed in either in-hospital or 1-year death, but 1-year death/myocardial infarction was lower in the Registry. Registry patients had lower 1-year rates of subsequent CABG (8.6% versus 22.7%, P <0.001) and PCI (12.4% versus 22.5%, P <0.001). By multivariate analysis, contemporary PCI was independently associated with reduced risk for in-hospital CABG, 1-year CABG, and 1-year PCI. Conclusions—Among patients with multivessel disease, contemporary PCI resulted in safer and more durable revascularization. These results support the role of PCI for selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.
A Semantics for HTN Methods

Despite the extensive development of first-principles planning in recent years, planning applications are still primarily developed using knowledge-based planners which can exploit domain-specific heuristics and weaker domain models. Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planners capture domain-specific heuristics for more efficient search, accommodate incomplete causal models, and can be used to enforce standard operating procedures. Unfortunately, we do not have semantics for the methods or tasks that make up HTN models, that help evaluate the correctness of methods, or to build a reliable executive for HTN plans. This paper fills the gap by providing a well-defined semantics for the methods and plans of SHOP2, a state-of-the-art HTN planner. The semantics are defined in terms of concurrent golog (ConGolog) and the situation calculus. We provide a proof of equivalence between the plans generated by SHOP2 and the action sequences of the ConGolog semantics. We show how the semantics reflects the distinction between plan-time and execution-time, and provide some simple examples showing how the semantics can support method verification. The semantics provide an implementation-neutral specification for an executive, showing how an executive must treat the plans SHOP2 generates in order to enforce the expected behaviors. Future directions include automated verification of method specifications, automatically generating plan monitors, and plan revision and repair.
Probability of Informed Trading? Some Evidences Around Corporate Events

The Probability of Informed Based Trading (PIN), built on a structural sequential trade model introduced in 1987 by Easley and O'Hara, has been increasingly used in empirical research in finance. However, up to now, its behavior around corporate events has not been really investigated (at our knowledge). We present in this work a first set of results around mergers and acquisitions on a sample of 141 operations that take place on Euronext Paris during the period 1995-2000. As our results are surprising (the PIN decreases before the event and increases after), we investigate the PIN by a simulation work in an attempt to a better understanding of its behavior. Results confirm that some concerns can be raised about the real capacity of the PIN to capture the presence of informed based trading, at least around major corporate events.
Visual Detection of Speckles in the Fish Xenotoca variata by the Predatory Snake Thamnophis melanogaster in Water of Different Turbidity

Semi-aquatic snakes integrate visual and chemical stimuli, and prey detection and capture success are therefore linked to the display of visual predatory behavior. The snake Thamnophis melanogaster responds preferentially to individuals of the fish Xenotoca variata with a greater number of bright, colorful spots (lateral speckles) compared with those with a smaller number; however, water turbidity can reduce underwater visibility and effect the vulnerability of fish. In this study, we tested whether the presence of iridescent speckles on the flanks of male X. variata interacted with water turbidity to modify the predatory behavior displayed by the snake T. melanogaster. We predicted that in an experimental laboratory test, the snakes would increase the frequency of their predatory behavior to the extent that the water turbidity decreases. The snakes were tested at six different levels of water turbidity, in combination with three categories of male fish (with few, a median number of, or many speckles). The results showed that in a pool with high or zero turbidity, the number of speckles is not a determining factor in the deployment of the predatory behavior of the snake T. melanogaster toward X. variata. Our findings suggest that snakes can view the fish at intermediate percentages of turbidity, but the number of speckles in male X. variata is irrelevant as an interspecific visual signal in environments with insufficient luminosity. The successful capture of aquatic prey is influenced by integration between chemical and visual signals, according to environmental factors that may influence the recognition of individual traits.
Ice mélange dynamics and implications for terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland

[1] We used time-lapse imagery, seismic and audio recordings, iceberg and glacier velocities, ocean wave measurements, and simple theoretical considerations to investigate the interactions between Jakobshavn Isbrae and its proglacial ice melange. The melange behaves as a weak, granular ice shelf whose rheology varies seasonally. Sea ice growth in winter stiffens the melange matrix by binding iceberg clasts together, ultimately preventing the calving of full-glacier-thickness icebergs (the dominant style of calving) and enabling a several kilometer terminus advance. Each summer the melange weakens and the terminus retreats. The melange remains strong enough, however, to be largely unaffected by ocean currents (except during calving events) and to influence the timing and sequence of calving events. Furthermore, motion of the melange is highly episodic: between calving events, including the entire winter, it is pushed down fjord by the advancing terminus (at ∼40 m d−1), whereas during calving events it can move in excess of 50 × 103 m d−1 for more than 10 min. By influencing the timing of calving events, the melange contributes to the glacier's several kilometer seasonal advance and retreat; the associated geometric changes of the terminus area affect glacier flow. Furthermore, a force balance analysis shows that large-scale calving is only possible from a terminus that is near floatation, especially in the presence of a resistive ice melange. The net annual retreat of the glacier is therefore limited by its proximity to floatation, potentially providing a physical mechanism for a previously described near-floatation criterion for calving.
A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Half-Binding Site Creates p53 and Estrogen Receptor Control of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1

ABSTRACT Interactions between master regulatory pathways provide higher-order controls for cellular regulation. Recently, we reported a C→T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1/Flt1) promoter that merges human VEGF and p53 pathways. This finding suggested a new layer in environmental controls of a pathway relevant to several diseases. The Flt1-T SNP created what appeared to be a half-site p53 target response element (RE). The absence of information about p53 gene responsiveness mediated by half-site REs led us to address how it influences Flt1 expression. We now identify a second regulatory sequence comprising a partial RE for estrogen receptors (ERs) upstream of the p53 binding site. Surprisingly, this provides for synergistic stimulation of transcription specifically at the Flt1-T allele through the combined action of ligand-bound ER and stress-induced p53. In addition to demonstrating direct control of Flt1 expression by ER and p53 proteins acting as sequence-specific transcription factors at half-site REs, we establish a new interaction between three master regulatory pathways, p53, ER, and VEGF. The mechanism of joint regulation through half-sites is likely relevant to transcriptional control of other targets and expands the number of genes that may be directly controlled in master regulatory networks.
Accurate Localization and Pose Estimation for Large 3D Models

We consider the problem of localizing a novel image in a large 3D model. In principle, this is just an instance of camera pose estimation, but the scale introduces some challenging problems. For one, it makes the correspondence problem very difficult and it is likely that there will be a significant rate of outliers to handle. In this paper we use recent theoretical as well as technical advances to tackle these problems. Many modern cameras and phones have gravitational sensors that allow us to reduce the search space. Further, there are new techniques to efficiently and reliably deal with extreme rates of outliers. We extend these methods to camera pose estimation by using accurate approximations and fast polynomial solvers. Experimental results are given demonstrating that it is possible to reliably estimate the camera pose despite more than 99% of outlier correspondences.
Bidirectionalization for free with runtime recording: or, a light-weight approach to the view-update problem

A bidirectional transformation is a pair of mappings between source and view data objects, one in each direction. When the view is modified, the source is updated accordingly with respect to some laws. Over the years, a lot of effort has been made to offer better language support for programming such transformations. In particular, a technique known as bidirectionalization is able to analyze and transform unidirectional programs written in general purpose languages, and "bidirectionalize" them. Among others, a technique termed as semantic bidirectionalization proposed by Voigtländer stands out in term of user-friendliness. The unidirectional program can be written using arbitrary language constructs, as long as the function is polymorphic and the language constructs respect parametricity. The free theorems that follow from the polymorphic type of the program allow a kind of forensic examination of the transformation, determining its effect without examining its implementation. This is convenient, in the sense that the programmer is not restricted to using a particular syntax; but it does require the transformation to be polymorphic. In this paper, we lift this polymorphism requirement to improve the applicability of semantic bidirectionalization. Concretely, we provide a type class PackM γ α μ, which intuitively reads "a concrete datatype γ is abstracted to a type α, and the 'observations' made by a transformation on values of type γ are recorded by a monad μ". With PackM, we turn monomorphic transformations into polymorphic ones, that are ready to be bidirectionalized. We demonstrate our technique with a case study of standard XML queries, which were considered beyond semantic bidirectionalization because of their monomorphic nature.
Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in the spring wheat cross RL 4452 × ‘ AC Domain ’

Relatively little is known about the genetic control of agronomic traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared with traits that follow Mendelian segregation patterns. A doubled-haploid population was generated from the cross RL4452 × ‘AC Domain’ to study the inheritance of the agronomic traits: plant height, time to maturity, lodging, grain yield, test weight, and 1000-grain weight. This cross includes the genetics of 2 western Canadian wheat marketing classes. Composite interval mapping was conducted with a microsatellite linkage map, incorporating 369 loci, and phenotypic data from multiple Manitoba environments. The plant height quantitative trait loci (QTLs), QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc-4D, mapped to the expected locations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1. These QTLs were responsible for most of the variation in plant height and were associated with other agronomic traits. An additional 25 agronomic QTLs were detected in the RL4452 × ‘AC Domain’ population beyond those associated with QHt.crc-4B and QHt.crc4D. ‘AC Domain’ contributed 4 alleles for early maturity, including a major time to maturity QTL on 7D. RL4452 contributed 2 major alleles for increased grain yield at QYld.crc-2B and QYld.crc-4A, which are potential targets for marker-assisted selection. A key test weight QTL was detected on 3B and prominent 1000-grain weight QTLs were identified on 3D and 4A.
Towards Effective Neurorehabilitation for Stroke Patients

Despite global and regional health crises, global life expectancy has increased continuously and substantially over the past 40 years. This is associated with an increase in incidence of age-related diseases, such as ischemic stroke and has an important socio-economic impact. There is a growing demandto have more effective treatments to reduce disability and improve the outcome of stroke patients. We reviewed the latest advances on neurorehabilitation and the new trends in this field. We provide practicing neurology and rehabilitation clinicians with a review of concepts of neuroplasticity, engagement, enriched environments, smart robotics, neuroelectronic devices and explain how they could be linked and applied in daily practise. Also, we review pharmacological interventions with a direct effect in neurorehabilitation. We conclude that there is some degree of evidence suggesting a possible positive co-adjuvant effect of citicoline in the rehabilitation phase of patients after stroke.
ELECTRON PROBE ANALYSIS OF THE CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN CELLS OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICK CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE II. DEMONSTRATION OF INTRACELLULAR LOCATION DURING ACTIVE TRANSCELLULAR TRANSPORT

Electron probe analysis of the embryonic chick chorioallantoic membrane reveals that calcium is located at discrete sites in the ectodermal cell layer of the membrane. The calcium loci are found at characteristic sites within distinctive "capillary-covering" cells. Evidence is presented that the calcium identified by electron probe analysis is that pool of calcium undergoing active transcellular transport. Mitochondria and/or endoplasmic reticulum do not appear to be responsible for the observed calcium sequestration. It is suggested that the calcium might be contained within endocytotic vesicles, and a hypothesis is advanced which could reconcile endocytotic transcellular transport by specialized cells with previously proposed models for intracellular calcium ion regulation.
The early development of executive function and its relation to social interaction: a brief review

Executive function (EF) refers to the ability to execute appropriate actions and to inhibit inappropriate actions for the attainment of a specific goal. Research has shown that this ability develops rapidly during the preschool years. Recently, it has been proposed that research on EF should consider the importance of social interaction. In this article, recent evidence regarding the early development of EF and its relation to social interaction has been reviewed. Research consistently showed that social interaction can influence EF skills in young children. However, the development of EF may facilitate the cognitive skills that are important for social interaction. Taken together, there might be functional dependency between the development of EF and social interaction.
The Effects of Ice and Currents on Wave-breaking Turbulence at the Ocean Surface

Breaking waves are critical to the exchange of momentum, gasses, and heat between the atmosphere and ocean. In open water, these exchanges control the growth and decay of waves, and have implications for global heat and gas budgets. However, local geophysical properties can significantly alter these exchanges. At river inlets, strong currents influence swell that has grown over a long ocean fetch, dramatically increasing surface fluxes. The reverse effect is seen in the presence of ice, where ocean wave properties are decoupled from atmospheric forcing, decreasing exchanges across the air/sea interface. Here, measurements of ocean waves and near surface turbulence are presented to show the modification of surface boundary processes from ice and currents. Measurements from free drifting buoys at the Mouth of the Columbia River are used to evaluate wave breaking parameterizations, where breaking occurs in intermediate depths and in the presence of vertically sheared currents. Breaking waves were identified using images collected with cameras onboard the buoys, and the breaking activity is well-correlated with wave steepness. Vertical shear in the currents produces a frequency-dependent effective current that modifies the linear dispersion relation. Accounting for these sheared currents in the wavenumber spectrum is essential in calculating the correct wave steepness; without this, wave steepness can be over (under) estimated on opposing (following) currents by up to 20%. The observed bulk wave steepness values suggest a limiting value of 0.4. The observed fraction of breaking waves is in good agreement with several existing models, each based on wave steepness. Further, a semi-spectral model designed for all depth regimes also compares favorably with measured breaking fractions. In this model, the majority of wave breaking is predicted to occur in the higher frequency bands (i.e., short waves). There is a residual dependance on directional spreading, in which wave breaking decreases with increasing directional spread. Observations at the Columbia River Mouth are also used to investigate the source and vertical structure of turbulence in the surface boundary layer. Turbulent velocity data collected onboard SWIFT buoys were corrected for platform motions to estimate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rates. Both of these quantities are correlated with wave steepness, which has been previously shown to determine wave breaking within the same dataset. Estimates of the turbulent length scale increase linearly with distance from the free surface, and roughness lengths estimated from velocity statistics scale with significant wave height. The vertical decay of turbulence is consistent with a balance between vertical diffusion and dissipation. Below a critical depth, a power law scaling commonly applied in the literature works well to fit the data. Above this depth, an exponential scaling fits the data well. These results, which are in a surface-following reference frame, are reconciled with results from the…
A Proposed Grading System to Standardize the Description of Renal Papillary Appearance at the Time of Endoscopy in Patients with Nephrolithiasis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The appearance of the renal papillae in patients with nephrolithiasis can be quite variable and can range from entirely healthy to markedly diseased. The implications of such findings remain unknown. One potential reason is the lack of a standardized system to describe such features. We propose a novel grading scale to describe papillary appearance at the time of renal endoscopy. METHODS Comprehensive endoscopic renal assessment and mapping were performed on more than 300 patients with nephrolithiasis. Recurring abnormal papillary characteristics were identified and quantified based on degree of severity. RESULTS Four unique papillary features were chosen for inclusion in the PPLA scoring system- ductal Plugging, Pitting, Loss of contour, and Amount of Randall's plaque. Unique scores are calculated for individual papillae based on reference examples. CONCLUSIONS The description and study of renal papillary appearance in stone formers have considerable potential as both a clinical and research tool; however, a standardized grading system is necessary before using it for these purposes.
A review of telework research: findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work

Summary Telework has inspired research in disciplines ranging from transportation and urban planning to ethics, law, sociology, and organizational studies. In our review of this literature, we seek answers to three questions: who participates in telework, why they do, and what happens when they do? Who teleworks remains elusive, but research suggests that male professionals and female clerical workers predominate. Notably, work-related factors like managers’ willingness are most predictive of which employees will telework. Employees’ motivations for teleworking are also unclear, as commonly perceived reasons such as commute reduction and family obligations do not appear instrumental. On the firms’ side, managers’ reluctance, forged by concerns about cost and control and bolstered by little perceived need, inhibits the creation of telework programmes. As for outcomes, little clear evidence exists that telework increases job satisfaction and productivity, as it is often asserted to do. We suggest three steps for future research may provide richer insights: consider group and organizational level impacts to understand who telework affects, reconsider why people telework, and emphasize theory-building and links to existing organizational theories. We conclude with lessons learned from the telework literature that may be relevant to research on new work forms and workplaces. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.