Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENTAL ASSETS : VALIDATING A MODEL OF SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION FOR EMERGING ADULTS

This brief report assesses the validity of applying the adolescent-based developmental assets model to emerging adults. Developmental assets are specific constructs which predict future success, including positive individual characteristics and environmental resources. The research­ ers developed a self-report survey based on a subset of the assets and outcome behaviors most applicable to emerging adults. Correlational analyses revealed significant relationships of moderate strength between the perceived level of developmental assets and thriving behaviors (r = A0,p < .01), risky behaviors (r = -.36, p < .01), and academic success (r = .28, p < .01). Furthermore, a path analysis yielded significant coef­ ficients wherein assets influenced thriving, risk, and collectively, aca­ demic success. Results suggest that file developmental assets framework applies to emerging adults and warrants further investigation.
Inflation Forecasts and Monetary Policy

Proposals for 'inflation targeting' as a strategy for monetary policy leave open the important operational question of how to determine whether current policies are consistent with the long-run inflation target. An interesting possibility is that the central bank might target current private-sector forecasts of inflation, either those made explicitly by professional forecasters or those implicit in asset prices. We address the issue of existence and uniqueness of rational expectations equilibria when the central bank uses private-sector forecasts as a guide to policy actions. In a dynamic model which incorporates both sluggish price adjustment and shocks to aggregate demand and aggregate supply, we show that strict targeting of inflation forecasts is typically inconsistent with the existence of rational expectations equilibrium, and that policies approximating strict inflation-forecast targeting are likely to have undesirable properties. We also show that economies with more general forecast-based policy rules are particularly susceptible to indeterminacy of rational expectations equilibria. We conclude that, although private-sector forecasts may contain information useful to the central bank, ultimately the monetary authorities must rely on an explicit structural model of the economy to guide their policy decisions.
The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship

Part 1: Entrepreneurship education. Part 2: Entrepreneurship and economic development. Part 3: Entrepreneurship research: linkages and methodology. Part 4: Entrepreneurial firm growth and financing. Part 5: International entrepreneurship. Part 6: Research needs and issues for the 1990s.
Price Effects of the Minimum Wage: A Survey Data Analysis for the German Construction Sector

Utilizing the link between employment and price changes as a result of minimum wages, we use firm-level data to evaluate the effect of minimum wage introduction in the German construction sector. In East Germany we find significant positive price effects that exclude the possibility of rising employment. Rather, the results indicate the existence of a competitive sector-specific labour market, and thus declining employment. In contrast, we cannot find any significant price reaction for West Germany. This suggests that the implemented minimum wage in West Germany is too low in comparison to the predominantly paid wages and is hence not binding.
The Initial Common Pathway of Inflammation, Disease, and Sudden Death

In reviewing the literature pertaining to interfacial water, colloidal stability, and cell membrane function, we are led to propose that a cascade of events that begins with acute exogenous surfactant-induced interfacial water stress can explain the etiology of sudden death syndrome (SDS), as well as many other diseases associated with modern times. A systemic lowering of serum zeta potential mediated by exogenous cationic surfactant administration is the common underlying pathophysiology. The cascade leads to subsequent inflammation, serum sickness, thrombohemorrhagic phenomena, colloidal instability, and ultimately even death. We propose that a sufficient precondition for sudden death is lowered bioavailability of certain endogenous sterol sulfates, sulfated glycolipids, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which are essential in maintaining biological equipose, energy metabolism, membrane function, and thermodynamic stability in living organisms. Our literature review provides the basis for the presentation of a novel hypothesis as to the origin of endogenous bio-sulfates which involves energy transduction from sunlight. Our hypothesis is amply supported by a growing body of data showing that parenteral administration of substances that lower serum zeta potential results in kosmotropic cationic and/or chaotropic anionic interfacial water stress, and the resulting cascade.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate (MgHPO4) as an Alternative Phosphorus Source on Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Far Eastern Catfish (Silurus asotus)

The present study was conducted to investigate a supplemental effect of magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, MgHPO4) as an alternative phosphorus (P) source on growth and feed utilization of juvenile far eastern catfish (Silurus asotus) in comparison with three conventional P additives (monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and tricalcium phosphate [TCP]) as positive controls. A basal diet as a negative control was prepared without P supplementation and four supplemental P sources were added at the level of 2%. Five groups of 450 fish having mean body weight of 11.3 g following 24 h fasting after three week adaptation period were randomly distributed into each of 15 tanks (30 fish/tank). Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiety twice a day for 8 weeks. Fish fed MHP had weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate comparable to those fed MCP. Fish fed MHP and MCP had feed efficiency (FE) significantly higher (p<0.05) than those fed DCP. Fish groups fed control and TCP showed the lower FE than the other groups which was significantly different (p<0.05) from those of fish fed the other diets. Survival rate was not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments. Fish fed control had the lowest hematocrit, which was significantly different (p<0.05) from that of fish fed MHP. Fish fed MCP and MHP had plasma P higher (p<0.05) than fish fed the other diets. Relative efficiencies of MCP, DCP and TCP to MHP were found to be 100.5 and 101.3%, 92.0 and 91.6%, and 79.1 and 80.9% for WG and FE, respectively. P availability was determined to be 88.1%, 75.2%, 8.7%, and 90.9% for MCP, DCP, TCP, and MHP, respectively. Consequently, MHP recovered from wastewater stream showed that as an alternative P source its performance was comparative with MCP on growth and feed utilization of juvenile far eastern catfish.
Measuring the quality of the “comply or explain” approach

Purpose – This paper provides evidence regarding the efficacy of the “comply or explain” approach in Greece and has three objectives: to improve our knowledge of the concept of this accountability mechanism, to elevate auditors’ potential role in the control of corporate governance (CG) statements and to contribute to the discussion about the reform of this principle; a prolonged dialogue that has been started by European Commission in the light of the recent financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken is a content analysis of CG statements and Web sites of a non-probability sample of 144 Greek listed companies on the Athens Stock Exchange for the year 2011. Particularly, 52 variables were evaluated from an audit compliance perspective using a coding scheme. From this procedure, the level of compliance with Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV) code, as well as the content of the explanations provided for non-compliance, were rated. Findings – The results show that although the d.
Stochastic Boolean Satissability

Satissability problems and probabilistic models are core topics of ar-tiicial intelligence and computer science. This paper looks at the rich intersection between these two areas, opening the door for the use of satissability approaches in probabilistic domains. The paper examines a generic stochastic satissability problem , SSat, which can function for probabilistic domains as Sat does for deterministic domains. It shows the connection between SSat and well studied problems in belief network inference and planning under uncertainty, and deenes algorithms, both systematic and stochastic, for solving SSat instances. These algorithms are validated on random SSat formulae generated under the xed-clause model. In spite of the large complexity gap between SSat (PSPACE) and Sat (NP), the paper suggests that much of what we have learned about Sat transfers to the probabilistic domain.
The School Governance Environment in Uttar Pradesh, India: Implications for Teacher Accountability and Effort

Abstract The school governance environment is an important determinant of schooling quality and thus of development. This article explores how school governance is influenced by teacher unions and teacher politicians by presenting evidence on the political penetration of teachers, the activities of teacher unions and the stances of teachers' organisations on various decentralisation and accountability reform proposals over time. It asks how student achievement varies with teachers' union membership and political connections. Finding that students taught by unionised or politically connected teachers have significantly lower scores, it asks to what extent this negative relationship works via such teachers applying lower effort.
Knowledge of pregnant women on mother-to-child transmission of HIV, its prevention, and associated factors in Assosa town, Northwest Ethiopia

Introduction HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death of children in sub-Saharan African countries. Almost all HIV-positive children acquire infection through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Successful intervention toward prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and achieving the goal of eliminating the new HIV infection is highly dependent on everyone; especially, women of child-bearing age should have accurate and up-to-date knowledge about HIV transmission, risk of transmission to babies, and possible interventions. However, knowledge of MTCT of HIV, its prevention, and associated factors among women was not well studied in Benshangul Gumuz Region (Ethiopia). Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 398 pregnant women who attended antenatal care services at governmental health institutions from February to March 2014 in Assosa town. Based on the flow of antenatal care attendants, the calculated sample size was proportionally allocated to the health facilities before data collection. Following this, systematic sampling method was used, and data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical packages. Result A total of 386 pregnant women participated with a response rate of 97%, and 222 (57.5%) of them had full knowledge about the three critical modes of HIV transmission from mother to child, but only 67 (17.4%) knew the possible prevention methods. Knowledge on MTCT of HIV was positively associated with women who had sufficient knowledge on HIV/AIDS (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] =2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.54–5.32), women who had a favorable attitude to provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing (AOR =2.19, 95% CI =1.22–3.92), and women who did not expect any partner’s reaction to positive HIV test result after testing (AOR =1.58, 95% CI =1.01–2.49). Correspondingly, knowledge on PMTCT of HIV was positively associated with women who had sufficient knowledge on HIV/AIDS (AOR =2.64, 95% CI =1.24–5.65), women who had favorable attitude toward provider’s counseling and testing (AOR =4.27, 95% CI =1.95–9.34), and women who did not expect any partner’s reaction to positive HIV test result after testing (AOR =3.56, 95% CI =1.58–8.01). Conclusion Knowledge on MTCT and its prevention among women is low in the study area. We recommend more efforts to be exerted on improving women’s knowledge of PMTCT of HIV.
Defect Prediction: Accomplishments and Future Challenges

As software systems play an increasingly important role in our lives, their complexity continues to increase. The increased complexity of software systems makes the assurance of their quality very difficult. Therefore, a significant amount of recent research focuses on the prioritization of software quality assurance efforts. One line of work that has been receiving an increasing amount of attention for over 40 years is software defect prediction, where predictions are made to determine where future defects might appear. Since then, there have been many studies and many accomplishments in the area of software defect prediction. At the same time, there remain many challenges that face that field of software defect prediction. The paper aims to accomplish four things. First, we provide a brief overview of software defect prediction and its various components. Second, we revisit the challenges of software prediction models as they were seen in the year 2000, in order to reflect on our accomplishments since then. Third, we highlight our accomplishments and current trends, as well as, discuss the game changers that had a significant impact on software defect prediction. Fourth, we highlight some key challenges that lie ahead in the near (and not so near) future in order for us as a research community to tackle these future challenges.
Research on Entities Matching across Heterogeneous Databases

Entities matching plays a crucial role in integrating multiple data sources. However, the inconsistent data formats and limited data sharing across heterogeneous databases become the bottlenecks for data interoperability and integration. So it is urgent to conduct research on entities heterogeneity and entities matching across multiple heterogeneous databases. After analyzing the limitations of present approaches for entities matching, we propose a decision model in which the normal definition of entities matching was presented to identify the corresponding entities. Based on the decision model, the detailed entities matching algorithm is proposed accordingly. In the experimental section, the precision and recall are employed to evaluate the performance for entities matching. The experimental results on real-world data indicate that our proposed approach is highly effective on entities matching.
Cross‐Cutting Organizational and Demographic Divides and the Performance of Research and Development Teams: Two Wrongs Can Make a Right

In interorganizational research and development (RD without it, they tend to perform poorly. Supportive evidence is provided in a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis on 51 projects conducted in a single R&D partnership. As this implies, interorganizational R&D teams should deliberately be composed to show a cross‐cutting demographic divide.
TH / P 842 Testing the Trapped Gyro-Landau Fluid Transport Model with Data from Tokamaks and Spherical Tori

The TGLF transport model [1–3] is a reduced theoretical model that has been tested with a large database of nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations using the GYRO code [4]. The TGLF model accurately computes linear driftwave eigenmodes [1]. The particle and energy fluxes due to these driftwaves are then computed from quasi-linear theory and a simple model for the saturated fluctuation intensity [2,3]. The TGLF model generalizes the methods of its predecessor GLF23 [5] to a more accurate system of moment equations and an eigenmode solution method that is valid for shaped magnetic geometry and finite aspect ratio. Recently, tests of TGLF [3] with a database of 96 discharges (L-mode and H-mode) from three tokamaks were made. It was found that the improved fidelity of TGLF to exact gyrokinetic theory resulted in an improved prediction of the tokamak temperature and density profiles compared to GLF23, strengthening the case for gyrokinetic driftwave turbulence being the dominant energy transport mechanism in tokamaks. As shown in Fig. 1, the plasma-stored energy incremental to the boundary energy was predicted with an RMS error of 19%, and an average offset of 2%. The GLF23 model prediction had an RMS error of 36% and an offset of 16% for this same dataset.
Mean Reverting Behavior of Energy Consumption: Evidence from Selected MENA Countries

This study examines whether the energy consumption for 15 members of the Middle Eastern & North African (MENA) countries is a stationary process over 1971-2010 period. Annual energy consumption data for Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Turkey, is analyzed using the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root test, in which structural breaks in level and/or trend are endogenously determined. The results of the LM test with two breaks showed that the energy consumption per capita in 8 MENA countries is a stationary process. This study suggests that it is possible to design consistent energy policies based on econometric models and forecasts of energy consumption in those 8 MENA countries.
The critical value of the Deffuant model equals one half

Similarly to the popular voter model, the Deffuant model describes opinion dynamics taking place in spatially structured environments represented by a connected graph. Pairs of adjacent vertices interact at a constant rate. If the opinion distance between the interacting vertices is larger than some confidence threshold ǫ > 0, then nothing happens, otherwise, the vertices’ opinions get closer to each other. It has been conjectured based on numerical simulations that this process exhibits a phase transition at the critical value ǫc = 1/2. For confidence thresholds larger than one half, the process converges to a global consensus, whereas coexistence occurs for confidence thresholds smaller than one half. In this article, we develop new geometrical techniques to prove this conjecture.
Exploring Mobile End User Development: Existing Use and Design Factors

Mobile devices are everywhere, and the scope of their use is growing from simple calling and texting through Internet browsing to more technical activities such as creating message processing filters and connecting different apps. However, building tools which provide effective support for such advanced technical use of mobile devices by non-programmers (mobile end user development or mEUD) requires thorough understanding of user needs and motivations, including factors which can impact user intentions regarding mEUD activities. We propose a model linking these mEUD factors with mobile users' attitudes towards, and intent of doing mEUD, and discuss a number of implications for supporting mEUD. Our research process is user-centered, and we formulate a number of hypotheses by fusing results from an exploratory survey which gathers facts about mEUD motivations and activities, and from a focus group study, which delivers deeper understanding of particular mEUD practices and issues. We then test the hypothesized relationships through a follow-up enquiry mixing quantitative and qualitative techniques, leading to the creation of a preliminary mEUD model. Altogether we have involved 275 mobile users in our research. Our contribution links seven mEUD factors with mEUD intentions and attitudes, and highlights a number of implications for mEUD support.
A New Method for Isolating M31 Red Giant Stars: The Discovery of Stars out to a Radial Distance of 165 kpc

We present a method for isolating a clean sample of red giant branch stars in the outer regions of M31. Our study is based on an ongoing spectroscopic survey using the DEIMOS instrument on the Keck II 10 m telescope. The survey aims to study the kinematics, (sub)structure, and metallicity of M31's halo. Although most of our spectroscopic targets were photometrically screened to reject foreground Milky Way dwarf star contaminants, dwarf stars still constitute a substantial fraction of the observed spectra in the sparse outer halo. Our likelihood-based method for isolating M31 red giants uses five criteria: (1) radial velocity, (2) photometry in the intermediate-width DDO51 band to measure the strength of the MgH/Mg b absorption features, (3) strength of the Na I λ8190 absorption line doublet, (4) location within an (I, V - I) color-magnitude diagram, and (5) comparison of photometric (color-magnitude diagram based) versus spectroscopic (Ca II λ8500 triplet based) metallicity estimates. We also discuss other potential giant/dwarf separation criteria: the strength of the K I absorption lines at 7665 and 7699 Å and the TiO bands at 7100, 7600, and 8500 Å. Training sets consisting of definite M31 red giants and Galactic dwarf stars are used to derive empirical probability distribution functions for each diagnostic. These functions are used to calculate the likelihood that a given star is a red giant in M31 versus a Milky Way dwarf star. Using our diagnostic method, we isolate 40 M31 red giants beyond a projected distance of R = 60 kpc from the galaxy's center, including three red giants at R ~ 165 kpc. The ability to identify individual M31 red giant stars gives us an unprecedented level of sensitivity in studying the properties of the galaxy's outer halo.
Effect of Pregabalin on Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise and Postexercise Pain and Fatigue in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Study

Pregabalin, an approved treatment for fibromyalgia (FM), has been shown to decrease sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and inhibit sympathetically maintained pain, but its effects on exercise responses have not been reported. Methods. Using a randomized double-blind crossover design, we assessed the effect of 5 weeks of pregabalin (versus placebo) on acute cardiovascular and subjective responses to moderate exercise in 19 FM patients. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise and ratings of pain, physical fatigue, and mental fatigue before, during, and for 48 hours after exercise were compared in patients on pregabalin versus placebo and also versus 18 healthy controls. Results. On placebo, exercise RPE and BP were significantly higher in FM patients than controls (p < 0.04). Pregabalin responders (n = 12, defined by patient satisfaction and symptom changes) had significantly lower exercise BP, HR, and RPE on pregabalin versus placebo (p < 0.03) and no longer differed from controls (p > 0.26). Cardiovascular responses of nonresponders (n = 7) were not altered by pregabalin. In responders, pregabalin improved ratings of fatigue and pain (p < 0.04), but negative effects on pain and fatigue were seen in nonresponders. Conclusions. These preliminary findings suggest that pregabalin may normalize cardiovascular and subjective responses to exercise in many FM patients.