Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Depression and Suicidality in the USA: A Look at YRBS Profiles and Health Risk Behaviors as Predictors in the Past 10 Years

Adolescent Depression and Suicidality in the USA: A Look at YRBS Profiles and Health Risk Behaviors as Predictors in the Past 10 Years Bryan Cheng Depressed mood is one of the most common of all psychiatric symptoms occurring in children and adolescents. Population studies suggest a point prevalence of between 10 to 15% of children and adolescents having symptoms of depression. Further, depressed adolescents are also significantly more apt to demonstrate suicidal ideation accompanied by a concomitant sense of helplessness and hopelessness. The overall aim of the study was to identify and characterize profiles of depression and suicidal behavior within the adolescents of the USA in the past 10 years. This study utilized epidemiological, cross-sectional, data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), a biennial census that monitors six types of health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth. Latent classes of the indicators were generated utilizing latent class regression modeling. Predictors were then regressed on class membership in a multinomial logistic regression simultaneously to assess significance. Finally, a juxtaposition of the profiles and significant predictors followed to allow for observation of differences in number of profiles and other qualities (i.e., proportions of sample in each class, etc.) as well as to visualize and note “carryover” predictors across the past 10 years. Findings revealed a relatively stable pattern of profiles and predictors over the years with the exception of 2015. In the analysis of demographic variables, membership of the “lowrisk non-depressed” class was consistently or more frequently associated with being male, older, not of an ethnic minority, and non-ethnically bi-or multiracial, across all time points. Three clusters of behaviors and factors emerged as significant predictors of depressed mood and suicidality. The first cluster consisted of typical adolescent risk behaviors that includes delinquent behaviors (i.e., fight, weapon carrying, or use of over-the-counter drugs), smoking, alcohol use, as well as consensual (non-violent) sexual activity. The second cluster of predictors that was significant consisted of experiences of traumatic events such as bullying, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence. Finally, a third cluster that showed significance consisted of selfdestructive behavior such as the use of illicit or hard drugs and maladaptive dieting, restricting or purging behavior. Several protective factors such as having sufficient physical activity and getting at least 8 hours of sleep daily also emerged as significant. Limitations to the YRBS and this study were discussed, and recommendations that tie to the implications of the findings were proposed. Future directions for research were also presented in light of the limitations of the study.
Negative Regulation of TGFβ Signaling by Stem Cell Antigen-1 Protects against Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury, often caused by an ischemic insult, is associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality, and increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The factors affecting the renal response to injury following ischemia and reperfusion remain to be clarified. We found that the Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), commonly used as a stem cell marker, is heavily expressed in renal tubules of the adult mouse kidney. We evaluated its potential role in the kidney using Sca-1 knockout mice submitted to acute ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), as well as cultured renal proximal tubular cells in which Sca-1 was stably silenced with shRNA. IRI induced more severe injury in Sca-1 null kidneys, as assessed by increased expression of Kim-1 and Ngal, rise in serum creatinine, abnormal pathology, and increased apoptosis of tubular epithelium, and persistent significant renal injury at day 7 post IRI, when recovery of renal function in control animals was nearly complete. Serum creatinine, Kim-1 and Ngal were slightly but significantly elevated even in uninjured Sca-1-/- kidneys. Sca-1 constitutively bound both TGFβ receptors I and II in cultured normal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Its genetic loss or silencing lead to constitutive TGFβ receptor—mediated activation of canonical Smad signaling even in the absence of ligand and to KIM-1 expression in the silenced cells. These studies demonstrate that by normally repressing TGFβ-mediated canonical Smad signaling, Sca-1 plays an important in renal epithelial cell homeostasis and in recovery of renal function following ischemic acute kidney injury.
Asymptotic Behavior of the Loss Probability for a Feedback Finite Fluid Queue with Downward Jumps

We consider a feedback finite fluid queue (FFFQ, for short) with downward jumps, where the fluid flow rate and the jump size are controlled by a background Markov chain with a finite state space. The ”feedback” means that the background process may change according to the level of the buffer, which is used for modeling TCP/IP flow. The matrix analytic technique has been successsfully applied to a FFFQ without jumps. We incorporate downward jumps into this FFFQ, and show that its loss probability decays exponentially as the buffer size gets large under a negative drift condition.
The tensor product of two oriented quantum algebras

In this paper, we give the oriented quantum algebra (OQA) structures on the tensor product of two different OQAs by using Chen’s weak [Formula: see text]-matrix in [J. Algebra 204 (1998) 504–531]. As a special case, the OQA structures on the tensor product of an OQA with itself are provided, which are different from Radford’s results in [J. Knot Theory Ramifications 16 (2007) 929–957].
Inherently parallel geometric problems

A new computational paradigm is described which o ers the possibility of superlinear (and sometimes unbounded) speedup, when parallel computation is used. The computations involved are subject only to given mathematical constraints and hence do not depend on external circumstances to achieve superlinear performance. The focus here is on geometric transformations. Given a geometric object A with some property, it is required to transform A into another object B which enjoys the same property. If the transformation requires several steps, each resulting in an intermediate object, then each of these intermediate objects must also obey the same property. We show that in transforming one triangulation of a polygon into another, a parallel algorithm achieves a superlinear speedup. In the case where a convex decomposition of a set of points is to be transformed, the improvement in performance is unbounded, meaning that a parallel algorithm succeeds in solving the problem as posed, while all sequential algorithms fail.
Deflation Techniques for Finding Distinct Solutions of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

Nonlinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) may permit several distinct solutions. The typical current approach to finding distinct solutions is to start Newton's method with many different initial guesses, hoping to find starting points that lie in different basins of attraction. In this paper, we present an infinite-dimensional deflation algorithm for systematically modifying the residual of a nonlinear PDE problem to eliminate known solutions from consideration. This enables the Newton--Kantorovitch iteration to converge to several different solutions, even starting from the same initial guess. The deflated Jacobian is dense, but an efficient preconditioning strategy is devised, and the number of Krylov iterations is observed not to grow as solutions are deflated. The power of the approach is demonstrated on several problems from special functions, phase separation, differential geometry and fluid mechanics that permit distinct solutions.
Telephone triage in general practices: A written case scenario study in the Netherlands

Abstract Objective: General practices increasingly use telephone triage to manage patient flows. During triage, the urgency of the call and required type of care are determined. This study examined the organization and adequacy of telephone triage in general practices in the Netherlands. Design: Cross-sectional observational study using a web-based survey among practice assistants including questions on background characteristics and triage organization. Furthermore, practice assistants were asked to assess the required type of care of written case scenarios with varying health problems and levels of urgency. To determine the adequacy of the assessments, a comparison with a reference standard was made. In addition, the association between background characteristics and triage organization and the adequacy of triage was examined. Setting: Daytime general practices. Subjects: Practice assistants. Main outcome measures: Over- and under-estimation, sensitivity, specificity. Results: The response rate was 41.1% (n = 973). The required care was assessed adequately in 63.6% of cases, was over-estimated in 19.3%, and under-estimated in 17.1%. The sensitivity of identifying patients with a highly urgent problem was 76.7% and the specificity was 94.0%. The adequacy of the assessments of the required care was higher for more experienced assistants and assistants with fixed daily work meetings with the GP. Triage training, use of a triage tool, and authorization of advice were not associated with adequacy of triage. Conclusion: Triage by practice assistants in general practices is efficient (high specificity), but potentially unsafe in highly urgent cases (suboptimal sensitivity). It is important to train practice assistants in identifying highly urgent cases. Key points General practices increasingly use telephone triage to manage patient flows, but little is known about the organization and adequacy of triage in daytime practices. Telephone triage by general practice assistants is efficient, but potentially unsafe in highly urgent cases. The adequacy of triage is higher for more experienced assistants and assistants with fixed daily work meetings with the general practitioner.
Cooperative mobility load balancing in relay cellular networks

Mobility load balancing (MLB) is an effective method employed by 3GPP to transfer traffic from a hot-spot cell to neighbouring cells. This paper designs a cooperative mobility load balancing (CMLB) scheme in relay cellular networks. After partner cell selection, in the traffic shifting stage, the partner cell analyses hot-spot cell's traffic shifting request and the idle spectrum of relay station (RS), in order to address the RS aggravating load problem and improve the handover performance. Simulation results show that the proposed CMLB scheme can mitigate the RS aggravating load problem and also reduce the handover failure rate.
Cajal: Key Psychological Factors in the Self-Construction of a Genius

ABSTRACT This study presents abundant empirical evidence to sustain that the genius of Santiago Ramón y Cajal was the result of a conscious effort of self-construction, the key factors of which were psychosocial, some of which are also found in other highly creative scientists. In this case, new factors appear that have not been observed in other geniuses, such as a substantial vicarious and self-regulating capacity and a high degree of perceived self-efficacy. The procedure used is the narrative analysis of essentially autobiographic texts. The theoretical framework on which the study is based is the psychology of science and Bandura cognitive-social theory.
HARNESSING AQUATIC PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS INFLUENCING MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNA IN ANAMBRA RIVER BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE FISH PRODUCTIVITY

The management-oriented background for harnessing aquatic physicochemical parameters influencing macro invertebrate fauna of Anambra River basin for sustainable fish productivity was studied. The intra seasonal variability in the water quality of the river revealed mean transparency of 1.79 cm, Conductivity of 28.81 µscm -1 , nitrate-nitrogen of 3.23 mgl -1 , total hardness of 6.43 mgcaco 3 L -1 , biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 3.62 mgl -1 , No 3 -N/Po 4 -P 0.54 ratio and Co 2 /DO of 0.81 were significantly higher in the dry season than all other parameters which were significantly higher in the wet season. A total of 1808 individuals (mostly adults) belonging to 97 species of macro-invertebrate fauna were collected. The overall composition of the fauna in the river basin was dominated by coleopterans and the hemipterans. The estimated annual fish yield of the river basin was 72.91 kg/ha based on a morphoedaphic index. The water quality of the River can be harnessed by controlling and/or prohibiting the discharge of municipal effluents and domestic garbage into the river as well as the continuous use of the riparian zone for agronomy. The maintenance of peripheral 50/60 m of thick riparian vegetation can act as buffer strip to check bank erosion is suggested.
Biases in Shortwave Column Absorption in the Presence of Fractal Clouds.

In this paper, the effect of cloud structure on column absorption by water vapor is investigated. Radiative fluxes above and below horizontally inhomogeneous liquid water clouds are computed using an efficient Monte Carlo technique, the independent pixel approximation, and plane-parallel theory. Cloud inhomogeneity is simulated by two related fractal models that use bounded cascades for the horizontal distribution of optical depth. The first (‘‘clumpy’’) model has constant cloud top and base, hence a constant geometrical thickness but varying extinction; the second (‘‘bumpy’’) model has constant extinction and cloud base, hence variable cloud-top and geometrical thickness. The spectral range between 0.9 and 1.0 mm (with strong water vapor absorption and negligible cloud liquid water absorption) is selected for a detailed study, not only of domain-averaged quantities, but also radiation fields. Column-absorption fields are calculated as the difference between the two net fluxes above and below clouds. It is shown that 1) redistribution of cloud liquid water decreases column absorption, that is, plane-parallel absorption is larger than the independent pixel approximation one by 1%‐3%; 2) 3D radiative effects enhance column absorption by about 0.6% for the clumpy model and 2% for the bumpy model, that is, Monte Carlo absorption is larger than independent pixel approximation absorption—this effect is most pronounced for the bumpy cloud model at solar zenith angle 458; and 3) plane-parallel absorption is larger than 3D Monte Carlo absorption for high solar elevations and nearly equal to it for low solar elevations. Thus, for extended clouds of thickness 1‐2 km or less, in an important water vapor absorption band (0.94 mm), the authors do not find a significant enhancement of cloud absorption due to horizontal inhomogeneity.
Perception and Socio-cultural Barriers to the Acceptance of Caesarean Delivery in A Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

Objectives: Globally, caesarean section (CS) has immensely contributed to improved obstetric outcome in circumstances where vaginal delivery is not feasible. However, in some low-income countries, there is aversion to the procedure. The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and socio-cultural barriers to the acceptance of CS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 parturients at Federal Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, from October 1 to November 30, 2016. Data were collated using a self-administered questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and conclusions were drawn by means of descriptive statistics. Results: All the respondents were aware of CS as an operative abdominal procedure for delivery; of these, over one-tenth (14.0%; 48/344) had experienced the procedure previously. Over four-fifths (82.3%; 283/344) of those who have had a previous CS were wellinformed about the indications. About one-fifth (20.3%; 70/344) did not accept CS for any reasons. The major barriers to acceptance were being considered by peers as a reproductive failure (29.2%; 7/24), high cost (20.8%; 5/24) and religious beliefs (12.5%; 3/24). Conclusions: Majority of antenatal attendees had a significant awareness of CS and the indications. Moreover, a vast majority had morbid aversion towards it; due to numerous, non-evidence based socio-cultural reasons. Therefore, adequate health education, female empowerment, access to free or affordable antenatal care service, elimination of harmful, religious/cultural beliefs and myth regarding caesarean delivery are necessary to curb this ugly trend if we hope to achieve the sustainable development goals related to maternal health.
Molecular Pathways Molecular Pathways : CDK 4 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy

Unrestrained growth is the hallmark of cancer, and disrupted cell-cycle regulation is, therefore, common. CDK4 is the key regulator of the G1–S transition. In complex with cyclin D, CDK4 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and drives cell-cycle progression, a process inhibited by p16. The p16– CDK4–cyclin D–Rb is aberrant in themajority of cancers and is, thus, a logical target for anticancer therapy. Previous attempts to blockCDK4withnonselective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors led to toxicity and little efficacy. However, the recent development of selective CDK4 inhibitors launched the first successful efforts to target the pathway for cancer therapy. Three oral selective CDK4 inhibitors have entered clinical trials: palbociclib (PD0332991), LEE011, and LY2835219. CDK4 inhibitors have in vitro activity against a broad range of cancers and in patients have shown antitumor activity in breast cancer, lymphoma, sarcoma, and other tumors. Major efforts are under way to develop biomarkers of response, understand potential mechanisms of resistance, and develop rational combinations of CDK4 inhibitors with chemotherapy and other targeted drugs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 1–5. 2014 AACR.
Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial

Objective To assess the effect of a multimodal group exercise intervention, as an adjunct to conventional care, on fatigue, physical capacity, general wellbeing, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with cancer who were undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for advanced disease. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Two university hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants 269 patients with cancer; 73 men, 196 women, mean age 47 years (range 20-65) representing 21 diagnoses. Main exclusion criteria were brain or bone metastases. 235 patients completed follow-up. Intervention Supervised exercise comprising high intensity cardiovascular and resistance training, relaxation and body awareness training, massage, nine hours weekly for six weeks in addition to conventional care, compared with conventional care. Main outcome measures European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (MOS SF-36), Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, muscular strength (one repetition maximum), maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max). Statistical methods The general linear model was used for continuous outcome while analysis of associates between categorical outcomes was performed as analysis of marginal homogeneity in contingency tables. Results Adjusted for baseline score, disease, and demographic covariates, the intervention group showed an estimated improvement at six weeks for the primary outcome, fatigue, of −6.6 points (95% confidence interval −12.3 to −0.9, P=0.02; effect size=0.33, 0.04 to 0.61). Significant effects were seen on vitality (effect size 0.55, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.82), physical functioning (0.37, 0.09 to 0.65), role physical (0.37, 0.10 to 0.64), role emotional (0.32, 0.05 to 0.59), and mental health (0.28, 0.02 to 0.56) scores. Improvement was noted in physical capacity: estimated mean difference between groups for maximum oxygen consumption was 0.16 l/min (95% CI 0.1 to 0.2, P<0.0001) and for muscular strength (leg press) was 29.7 kg (23.4 to 34.9, P<0.0001). No significant effect was seen on global health status/quality of life. Conclusion A supervised multimodal exercise intervention including high and low intensity components was feasible and could safely be used in patients with various cancers who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or treatment for advanced disease. The intervention reduced fatigue and improved vitality, aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and physical and functional activity, and emotional wellbeing, but not quality of life. Trial registration Current Controlled trials ISRCTN05322922.
‘Cash me ousside’: A citizen sociolinguistic analysis of online metalinguistic commentary

This study examines online metalinguistic commentary related to an Internet meme (i.e., “Cash me ousside/howbow dah”), in order to explore Internet users’ language ideologies. The meme, and its related YouTube metacommentary, places at its center a “non-standard” utterance produced by a young teenage girl on a U.S. television talk show, which went viral. Drawing on citizen sociolinguistics – a means to explore how everyday citizens make sense of the world of language around them – the study offers an analysis of metalinguistic evaluations made by YouTube commenters about this particular utterance and its speaker. Our findings reveal that the teenager’s sociolinguistically ambiguous manner of speaking is perceived as indexing multiple social categories including race, region, education, and class-linked imagined “spaces” (e.g., ghetto, hood, the streets) – and that these categories overlap in complex, and not always predictable, configurations. Our analysis also highlights how evaluations regarding the authenticity and intelligibility of the speaker’s performance interact with several of the aforementioned social categories.
Application of the comet assay in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces): A methodological comparison

The present study applied the comet assay to erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus with the aim of improving protocols to detect DNA damage in these cells, by using two distinct pHs (pH = 12.1 and pH > 13) and evaluating whether there is a correspondence between silver and ethidium bromide staining. Comets were visually examined and, the frequency of cells with and without damage was obtained, as well as the distribution of classes and scores. By using the Kruskal-Wallis test, our results revealed that pH 12.1 is more effective, although both pHs can be used. Our findings also suggest that silver staining can substitute ethidium bromide, an expensive and highly toxic stain that requires specific equipment for examination.