Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Turn-offs of Frog Rod Phototransduction Cascade

The time course of the light-induced activity of phototrandsuction effector enzyme cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) is shaped by kinetics of rhodopsin and transducin shut-offs. The two processes are among the key factors that set the speed and sensitivity of the photoresponse and whose regulation contributes to light adaptation. The aim of this study was to determine time courses of flash-induced PDE activity in frog rods that were dark adapted or subjected to nonsaturating steady background illumination. PDE activity was computed from the responses recorded from solitary rods with the suction pipette technique in Ca2+-clamping solution. A flash applied in the dark-adapted state elicits a wave of PDE activity whose rising and decaying phases have characteristic times near 0.5 and 2 seconds, respectively. Nonsaturating steady background shortens both phases roughly to the same extent. The acceleration may exceed fivefold at the backgrounds that suppress ≈70% of the dark current. The time constant of the process that controls the recovery from super-saturating flashes (so-called dominant time constant) is adaptation independent and, hence, cannot be attributed to either of the processes that shape the main part of the PDE wave. We hypothesize that the dominant time constant in frog rods characterizes arrestin binding to rhodopsin partially inactivated by phosphorylation. A mathematical model of the cascade that considers two-stage rhodopsin quenching and transducin inactivation can mimic experimental PDE activity quite well. The effect of light adaptation on the PDE kinetics can be reproduced in the model by concomitant acceleration on both rhodopsin phosphorylation and transducin turn-off, but not by accelerated arrestin binding. This suggests that not only rhodopsin but also transducin shut-off is under adaptation control.
Maximum Efficiency Drives of Synchronous Reluctance Motors by a Novel Loss Minimization Controller With Inductance Estimator

This paper presents a method to maximize the driving efficiency of synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) having cross-magnetic saturation effects. A novel loss minimization controller that generates the optimum current vector is proposed. In the proposed controller, either an off- or online inductance estimator can be adopted. In both cases, the proposed controller can determine the optimum current vector quickly and automatically, and is capable of both maximizing the driving efficiency and also realizing high-precision torque control. In addition, when the proposed controller with the online inductance estimator is employed, a troublesome offline inductance measurement test is omissible. The validity of the proposed method is verified from simulation and experimental results on a 1.1-kW flux-barrier-type SynRM.
CRCache: Exploiting the correlation between content popularity and network topology information for ICN caching

Information-centric networking (ICN) is designed to decouple contents from hosts at the network layer, using in-network caching as a key feature to improve the overall performance. However, the en-route caching strategy used in many ICN implementations generally yields redundancies in the cached contents across different routers. There are also some recent works focusing on cache optimization by respectively exploiting either application layer or network layer, which we think is not sufficient to increase cache hit rate and reduce traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel caching scheme (CRCache) that utilizes a cross-layer design to cache contents in a few selected routers based on the correlation of content popularity and the network topology. Specifically, through exploiting information available at both application and network layers, CRCache aims to improve the cache hit rate and reduce the overall network traffic. We conduct a large scale and real traces-driven simulation with an underlying real Internet topology in China, and show that by using CRCache, the overall cache hit rate is increased by 62.5% and network traffic reduction is improved by at least 42% compared with recent single layer schemes.
Population pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in cystic fibrosis patients analyzed by using a nonparametric algorithm and optimal sampling strategy

Postinfusion data obtained from 17 patients with cystic fibrosis participating in two clinical trials were used to develop population models for ceftazidime pharmacokinetics during continuous infusion. Determinant (D)-optimal sampling strategy (OSS) was used to evaluate the benefits of merging four maximally informative sampling times with population modeling. Full and sparse D-optimal sampling data sets were analyzed with the nonparametric expectation maximization (NPEM) algorithm and compared with the model obtained by the traditional standard two-stage approach. Individual pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were calculated by weighted nonlinear least-squares regression and by maximum a posteriori probability Bayesian estimator. Individual parameter estimates obtained with four D-optimally timed serum samples (OSS4) showed excellent correlation with parameter estimates obtained by using full data sets. The parameters of interest, clearance and volume of distribution, showed excellent agreement (R2 = 0.89 and R2 = 0.86). The ceftazidime population models were described as two-compartment kslope models, relating elimination constants to renal function. The NPEM-OSS4 model was described by the equations kel = 0.06516+ (0.00708.CLCR) and V1 = 0.1773 +/- 0.0406 liter/kg where CLCR is creatinine clearance in milliliters per minute per 1.73 m2, V1 is the volume of distribution of the central compartment, and kel is the elimination rate constant. Predictive performance evaluation for 31 patients with data which were not part of the model data sets showed that the NPEM-ALL model performed best, with significantly better precision than that of the standard two-stage model (P < 0.001). Predictions with the NPEM-OSS4 model were as precise as those with the NPEM-ALL model but slightly biased (-2.2 mg/liter; P < 0.01). D-optimal monitoring strategies coupled with population modeling results in useful and cost-effective population models and will be of advantage in clinical practice, as it allows pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling with sparse data, thus describing the relationship between ceftazidime exposure and response in the treatment of acute exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Interdigitated Paralemniscal and Lemniscal Pathways in the Mouse Barrel Cortex

Primary sensory cortical areas receive information through multiple thalamic channels. In the rodent whisker system, lemniscal and paralemniscal thalamocortical projections, from the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) and posterior medial nucleus (POm) respectively, carry distinct types of sensory information to cortex. Little is known about how these separate streams of activity are parsed and integrated within the neocortical microcircuit. We used quantitative laser scanning photostimulation to probe the organization of functional thalamocortical and ascending intracortical projections in the mouse barrel cortex. To map the thalamocortical projections, we recorded from neocortical excitatory neurons while stimulating VPM or POm. Neurons in layers (L)4, L5, and L6A received dense input from thalamus (L4, L5B, and L6A from VPM; and L5A from POm), whereas L2/3 neurons rarely received thalamic input. We further mapped the lemniscal and paralemniscal circuits from L4 and L5A to L2/3. Lemniscal L4 neurons targeted L3 within a column. Paralemniscal L5A neurons targeted a superficial band (thickness, 60 μm) of neurons immediately below L1, defining a functionally distinct L2 in the mouse barrel cortex. L2 neurons received input from lemniscal L3 cells and paralemniscal L5A cells spread over multiple columns. Our data indicate that lemniscal and paralemniscal information is segregated into interdigitated cortical layers.
Lean Body Mass Associated with Upper Body Strength in Healthy Older Adults While Higher Body Fat Limits Lower Extremity Performance and Endurance

Impaired strength adversely influences an older person’s ability to perform activities of daily living. A cross-sectional study of 117 independently living men and women (age = 73.4 ± 9.4 year; body mass index (BMI) = 27.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) aimed to assess the association between body composition and: (1) upper body strength (handgrip strength, HGS); (2) lower extremity performance (timed up and go (TUG) and sit to stand test (STS)); and (3) endurance (6-minute walk (SMWT). Body composition (% fat; lean body mass (LBM)) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Habitual physical activity was measured using the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPA) and dietary macronutrient intake, assessed using 24 h recalls and 3-day food records. Regression analyses included the covariates, protein intake (g/kg), MLTPA, age and sex. For natural logarithm (Ln) of right HGS, LBM (p < 0.001) and % body fat (p < 0.005) were significant (r2 = 46.5%; p < 0.000). For left LnHGS, LBM (p < 0.000), age (p = 0.036), protein intake (p = 0.015) and LnMLTPA (p = 0.015) were significant (r2 = 0.535; p < 0.000). For SMW, % body fat, age and LnMLTPA were significant (r2 = 0.346; p < 0.000). For STS, % body fat and age were significant (r2 = 0.251; p < 0.000). LBM is a strong predictor of upper body strength while higher % body fat and lower physical activity are associated with poorer outcomes on tests of lower extremity performance.
Abstract 330: Relationship Between On-Treatment Decreases in Inappropriate Versus Absolute or Indexed Left Ventricular Mass and Increases in Ejection Fraction in Hypertension

Although in cross-sectional studies left ventricular mass (LVM) which exceeds that predicted by work load (inappropriate LVM [LVM inappr ]), but not absolute LVM or LVM index, is inversely related to LV ejection fraction (EF), whether LVM inappr (%observed/predicted LVM) accounts for decreases in EF is unclear. In 168 mild-to-moderate hypertensives treated for 4 months, using echocardiography, we assessed whether on-treatment decreases in absolute LVM, LVM index (LVMI) or LVM inappr are associated with on-treatment changes in EF. Although in patients with an LVMI>51g/m 2.7 (n=112)(change in LVMI=-13.7±1.2g/m 2.7 , p<0.0001), but not in patients with an LVMI≤51g/m 2.7 (n=56)(change in LVMI=1.3±1.7g/m 2.7 ) LVMI decreased with treatment; treatment failed to increase EF in either group (1.2±1.0% and 2.7±1.4% respectively). In contrast, in patients with inappropriate LV hypertrophy (LVH) (LVM inappr >150%, n=33) LVM inappr decreased (-32±4%, p<0.0001) and EF increased (5.0±1.8%, p<0.0001) after treatment, whilst in patients with a LVM inappr ≤150% (n=135), neither LVM inappr (-0.5±2%), nor EF (0.9±0.9%) changed with therapy. With adjustments for LV wall stress and other confounders, whilst on-treatment decreases in LVM or LVMI were weakly related to an attenuated EF (partial r=0.17, p<0.05), on-treatment decreases in LVM inappr were strongly related to increases in EF (partial r=-0.38, p<0.0001)(p<0.0001, comparison of partial r values) even after further adjustments for LVM or LVMI. In conclusion, decreases in LVM inappr but not LVM or LVMI are strongly related to on-treatment increases in EF. LVH can therefore be viewed as a compensatory change that preserves EF, but when in excess of that predicted by stroke work, as a pathophysiological process accounting for a reduced EF.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy , wide resection and custom prosthetic replacement for tumors of the proximal femur

Endoprosthetic reconstruction after bone tumor resection is accepted treatment for femoral tumors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and functional outcomes of custom prosthetic replacement of the proximal femur in patients undergoing oncologic resection. Data of 28 consecutive patients with proximal femur tumors receiving wide resection and prosthetic replacement (16 total hip replacements [THR], 12 bipolar half-hip replacements [HHR]) from January 2005-June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Postoperative lower limb function was evaluated using American Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 function scores (MSTS 93). Mean follow-up was 28.6 months (range: 6-138 months). No patients had prosthesis-related complications or revision surgery, 3 had local recurrence of malignancy (8.3%), and 2 had venous thromboembolism resolved with medication. Mean MSTS 93 score was 84.8% (THR 85% vs. HHR 81%, P=0.044). Two patients (10.7%) suffered relapse and 9 (32.1%) died from lung metastasis. Survival rates were 91.7% at 1 year in both groups; 64.8% and 59.4% in THR and HHR groups after 30 months. In conclusions, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, extended tumorectomy and special prosthetic replacement of proximal femur effectively treated femoral tumors, with minimal local recurrence and satisfactory functional outcomes.
Prolonged Apnea Following Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy with Suxamethonium

A 36-year-old male from an urban middleclass family with strained relationship among family members was referred from a corporate hospital for further management of psychological problem. As he was attempting suicide repeatedly, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) was planned. After preoperative assessment and preparation, modified ECT was done with thiopentone and 0.5 mg/kg of suxamethonium. Apnea following suxamethonium was prolonged for 2 hours. Subsequent enquiry revealed that patient was treated for organophosphate poisoning and was on ventilator support for 15 days. This was concealed by the relatives. On searching patient previous records, Butyrylcholinesterase levels were very low, i.e., 350 u/l (normal reference range is 5 500 – 12 500 u/l). Prolonged suxamethonium apnea should be anticipated in patients with recent history of organophosphate poisoning; it is advisable to estimate the levels of butyrylcholinesterase and avoid suxamethonium in patients with low enzyme levels.
Legendre geodesics in Sasaki manifolds

If L ⊂ M is a Legendre submanifold in a Sasaki manifold, then the mean curvature flow does not preserve the Legendre condition. We define a kind of mean curvature flow for Legendre submanifolds which slightly differs from the standard one and then we prove that closed Legendre curves L in a Sasaki space form M converge to closed Legendre geodesics, if k2 + σ+3 ≤ 0 and rot(L) = 0, where σ denotes the sectional curvature of the contact plane ξ and k and rot(L) are the curvature respectively the rotation number of L. If rot(L) = 0, we obtain convergence of a subsequence to Legendre curves with constant curvature. In case σ + 3 ≤ 0 and if the Legendre angle α of the initial curve satisfies osc (α) ≤ π, then we also prove convergence to a closed Legendre geodesic.
Categorical Tensor Network States

We examine the use of string diagrams and the mathematics of category theory in the description of quantum states by tensor networks. This approach lead to a unification of several ideas, as well as several results and methods that have not previously appeared in either side of the literature. Our approach enabled the development of a tensor network framework allowing a solution to the quantum decomposition problem which has several appealing features. Specifically, given an n-body quantum state |ψ〉, we present a new and general method to factor |ψ〉 into a tensor network of clearly defined building blocks. We use the solution to expose a previously unknown and large class of quantum states which we prove can be sampled efficiently and exactly. This general framework of categorical tensor network states, where a combination of generic and algebraically defined tensors appear, enhances the theory of tensor network states.
Melanoma In Situ Treated Successfully Using Imiquimod After Nonclearance with Surgery: Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND The standard of care for melanoma in situ (MIS) is surgical removal by surgical excision with a 5‐mm margin or Mohs micrographic surgery, but as more and more MIS is diagnosed in the head and neck region, surgeries may not be an option for patients when the lesions are large or less well defined. In addition, when negative margins cannot be achieved without grossly disfiguring the patient or when patients have medical comorbidities that preclude a surgical option, other treatment modalities may be considered. Recently, topical treatment with an immunomodulator, imiquimod, has been proposed as an alternative treatment for MIS. OBJECTIVE We report a case of MIS successfully treated with topical imiquimod cream. In addition, because there has not been any comprehensive review of the use of topical imiquimod on melanoma and MIS, we conducted an extensive literature search and reviewed the topic in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the keywords “imiquimod,” “melanoma,” “melanoma‐in‐situ,” and “lentigo maligna,” we searched the literature using PubMed in an attempt to find all relevant articles on the use of imiquimod on MIS or melanoma. RESULTS There were 46 reports involving 264 patients on the use of imiquimod on MIS or lentigo maligna. Twenty‐three reports were published on the use of imiquimod on metastatic melanoma involving 55 patients, and two articles were on melanoma, with two patients in total. In addition, there were two articles on the use of imiquimod on dysplastic or atypical nevi with a total of 13 subjects. CONCLUSION Imiquimod appears to be beneficial in the treatment of MIS and melanoma metastases when surgical options are not feasible. Imiquimod should not be used for removal of dysplastic or atypical nevi. The treatment regimens varied from study to study, and there are no randomized controlled trials in the literature. More studies are needed to develop a reliable and reproducible treatment regimen, to fully elucidate the role of imiquimod in the treatment of MIS and melanoma, and to determine the prognostic predictors for favorable responses to imiquimod.
Interleukin-6 in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

PURPOSE To study the role of interleukin (IL)-6 after retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS Intraocular pressure of adult male Lewis albino rats was raised to create retinal ischemia for 1 hour. Retinal reperfusion was reestablished, and the animals were killed at various time points after the injury. Their eyes were enucleated and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect IL-6 and ED-1 (a marker of microglial/phagocytic cells), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of IL-6 protein, and semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for IL-6 mRNA. The neuroprotective effect of IL-6 was evaluated by giving intravitreal injections of 150 or 300 ng rat recombinant IL-6 to eyes immediately after I/R injury and counting cresyl violet-stained retinal ganglion cell layer cells (RGCLCs) and fluorochrome-labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) on flat preparations of retinas at 7 days. RESULTS IL-6-positive cells appeared after I/R injury in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). Their numbers were significantly higher 18 hours after the injury, and most of these cells were also ED-1 positive. ELISA showed noticeable increases in endogenous retinal IL-6 protein levels 8 hours after I/R injury. Semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR showed significant increases in endogenous retinal IL-6 mRNA levels between 2 and 18 hours. Exogenously added IL-6 prevented between 50% and 70% of RGC loss after I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 is upregulated after retinal I/R injury, and its expression by microglia/phagocytic cells may protect RGC layer neurons from I/R injury. Exogenously added IL-6 protects the inner retina after I/R injury.
Spectator: Detection and Containment of JavaScript Worms

Recent popularity of interactive AJAX-based Web 2.0 applications has given rise to a new breed of security threats: JavaScript worms. In this paper we propose Spectator, the first automatic detection and containment solution for JavaScript worms. Spectator performs distributed data tainting by observing and tagging the traffic between the browser and the Web application. When a piece of data propagates too far, a worm is reported. To prevent worm propagation, subsequent upload attempts performed by the same worm are blocked. Spectator is able to detect fast and slow moving, monomorphic and polymorphic worms with a low rate of false positives. In addition to our detection and containment solution, we propose a range of deployment models for Spectator, ranging from simple intranet-wide deployments to a scalable load-balancing scheme appropriate for large Web sites. In this paper we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of Spectator through both large-scale simulations as well as a case study that observes the behavior of a real-life JavaScript worm propagating across a social networking site. Based on our case study, we believe that Spectator is able to detect all JavaScript worms released to date while maintaining a low detection overhead for a range of workloads.
Pengaruh Derajat Sosoh dan Pengemas terhadap Mutu Beras Aromatik selama Penyimpanan

Aromatic rice is popular for its aroma, taste, and texture. The chemical compound of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrrolina (2AP) contributes to the pandan leaf-like aroma, while the hexanal compound is used as an indicator of rancidity in rice. Grains of three aromatic rice varieties, namely Mentik Wangi, Pandan Wangi, and Sintanur were milled in three degree of milling, i.e., 100, 90, and 0% (brown rice). The milled rice and the brown rice were then stored in hermetic bags and plastic bags for 4 months at room temperature. Chemical composition of the packed and stored rice grains were determined by the proximate analysis, including moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and amylose content. The analysis was conducted at the beginning and the end of month of storage. Consumer preference test of the packed rice was done by the hedonic test. Moisture, ash, protein and fat contents during storage were still in the standards range. Compared to the amylose content prior to storage, the textures of the cooked rice after four months of storage remained fluffier or became less fluffy. The aroma, tenderness, texture, flavor, and overall attributes, judged by the panelists, Mentik Wangi was the most favored, followed by Sintanur and Pandan Wangi. Both hermetic bag and plastic bag gave no different effects on the stored rice quality and on the consumer preferences.
Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) on Thermo Mechanical Performance of AISI H13 Tool Steel

Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) is one of the most recent processes being used to treat tool steels. It is a supplementary treatment where components are treated below subzero temperatures for several cryo-soaking hours. This paper focuses on to study the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on Thermo mechanical properties of AISI H-13 tool steel. Deep cryogenic treatment at 32 hours of cryo-soaking time is applied and thermo mechanical performance of tool steel was analyzed by using pin on disk high temperature wear testing and stress rupture testings. The microstructural evolutions during DCT were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that microstructural modifications like increase in carbide density, fine and uniform martensitic structure during DCT had significantly improved properties.