Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior Patterns, Stress, and Coronary Disease

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Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Cointegrating Regression

Multiple cointegrating regressions are frequently encountered in empirical work as, for example, in the analysis of panel data. When the equilibrium errors are correlated across equations, the seemingly unrelated regression estimation strategy can be applied to cointegrating regressions to obtain asymptotically ecient estimators. While non-parametric methods for seemingly unrelated cointegrating regressions have been proposed in the literature, in practice, specification of the estimation problem is not always straightforward. We propose Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) estimators which can be made fully parametric and are computationally straightforward to use. We study the asymptotic and small sample properties of the DSUR estimators both for heterogeneous and homogenous cointegrating vectors. The estimation techniques are then applied to analyze two long-standing problems in international economics. Our first application revisits the issue of whether the forward exchange rate is an unbiased predictor of the future spot rate. Our second application revisits the problem of estimating long-run correlations between national investment and national saving.
Light-initiated changes of cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the frog retina measured with quick-freezing techniques

Although there is good agreement that light reduces the amount of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the retina, the exact time-course of this decrease is not well established. Bullfrog retinal sections were isolated under infrared light and quick-frozen with liquid nitrogen-cooled, metal hammers after exposure to various intensities of continuous illumination. This quick-freezing should stop the degradation of cGMP within 50-100 ms. The frozen retinal sections were then slowly warmed up in the presence of perchloric acid to denature enzymes involved in cGmp metabolism. cGMP was determined by radioimmunoassay and comparison was made between light- and dark-adapted retinal sections from the same animal. The average cGMP concentration was 44.3 +/- 0.7 pmol cGMP/mg protein or 170.9 +/- 3.2 pmol cGMP/retina. After 1 s of illumination no significant change in cGMP concentration was found even with the brightest light used (approximately 7 x 10(7) rhodopsins bleached/second per rod. At this intensity the first significant decrease in cGMP from dark-adapted levels was detected 3-5 s after the initiation of illumination; cGMP decayed to 70-75% of the dark-adapted value after approximately 30 s. With lower intensity illumination the cGMP levels recovered to dark-adapted levels after the initial decrease even though the bleaching light remained on.
Investigating irregularly patterned deep brain stimulation signal design using biophysical models

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which follows from cell loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), a nucleus in the basal ganglia (BG). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an electrical therapy that modulates the pathological activity to treat the motor symptoms of PD. Although this therapy is currently used in clinical practice, the sufficient conditions for therapeutic efficacy are unknown. In this work we develop a model of critical motor circuit structures in the brain using biophysical cell models as the base components and then evaluate performance of different DBS signals in this model to perform comparative studies of their efficacy. Biological models are an important tool for gaining insights into neural function and, in this case, serve as effective tools for investigating innovative new DBS paradigms. Experiments were performed using the hemi-parkinsonian rodent model to test the same set of signals, verifying the obedience of the model to physiological trends. We show that antidromic spiking from DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has a significant impact on cortical neural activity, which is frequency dependent and additionally modulated by the regularity of the stimulus pulse train used. Irregular spacing between stimulus pulses, where the amount of variability added is bounded, is shown to increase diversification of response of basal ganglia neurons and reduce entropic noise in cortical neurons, which may be fundamentally important to restoration of information flow in the motor circuit.
Factors of Teachers' Psychological Health-Ailment Within the Period of Their Professional Activity

Psychological health of school teachers is the subject-matter of this article. It is shown that teachers' psychological health has not been studied enough though health phenomenon has been researched to a high degree. The goal of the research is to study psychological health of teachers having different pedagogical experience and of different age groups. The data obtained indicate that with the increase of age and pedagogical experience, the level of teachers' behavioral performance aimed at their health support and promotion decreases. There have been found significant differences in the declared attitude to health as value and teachers' actual actions.
Age Group and Individual Differences in Attentional Orienting Dissociate Neural Mechanisms of Encoding and Maintenance in Visual STM

Selective attention biases the encoding and maintenance of representations in visual STM (VSTM). However, precise attentional mechanisms gating encoding and maintenance in VSTM and across development remain less well understood. We recorded EEG while adults and 10-year-olds used cues to guide attention before encoding or while maintaining items in VSTM. Known neural markers of spatial orienting to incoming percepts, that is, Early Directing Attention Negativity, Anterior Directing Attention Negativity, and Late Directing Attention Positivity, were examined in the context of orienting within VSTM. Adults elicited a set of neural markers that were broadly similar in preparation for encoding and during maintenance. In contrast, in children these processes dissociated. Furthermore, in children, individual differences in the amplitude of neural markers of prospective orienting related to individual differences in VSTM capacity, suggesting that children with high capacity are more efficient at selecting information for encoding into VSTM. Finally, retrospective, but not prospective, orienting in both age groups elicited the well-known marker of visual search (N2pc), indicating the recruitment of additional neural circuits when orienting during maintenance. Developmental and individual differences differentiate seemingly similar processes of orienting to perceptually available representations and to representations held in VSTM.
Increased vulnerability of brain mitochondria in diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki) rats with aging and amyloid-beta exposure.

This study evaluated the respiratory indexes (respiratory control ratio [RCR] and ADP/O ratio), mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim), repolarization lag phase, repolarization level, ATP/ADP ratio, and induction of the permeability transition pore of brain mitochondria isolated from normal Wistar and GK diabetic rats of different ages (1.5, 12, and 24 months of age). The effect of amyloid beta-peptides, 50 micromol/l Abeta(25-35) or 2 micromol/l Abeta(1-40), on mitochondrial function was also analyzed. Aging of diabetic mice induced a decrease in brain mitochondrial RCR, ADP/O, and ATP/ADP ratios but induced an increase in the repolarization lag phase. Brain mitochondria from older diabetic rats were more prone to the induction of the permeability transition pore, i.e., mitochondria from 24-month-old diabetic rats accumulated much less Ca(2+) (20 micromol/l) than those isolated from 12-month-old rats (50 micromol/l) or 1.5-month-old rats (100 micromol/l). In the presence of 50 micromol/l Abeta(25-35) or 2 micromol/l Abeta(1-40), age-related mitochondrial effects were potentiated. These results indicate that diabetes-related mitochondrial dysfunction is exacerbated by aging and/or by the presence of neurotoxic agents such as amyloid beta-peptides, supporting the idea that diabetes and aging are risk factors for the neurodegeneration induced by these peptides.
Specific Inhibition of the Nuclear Exporter Exportin-1 Attenuates Kidney Cancer Growth

Purpose Despite the advent of FDA-approved therapeutics to a limited number of available targets (kinases and mTOR), PFS of kidney cancer (RCC) has been extended only one to two years due to the development of drug resistance. Here, we evaluate a novel therapeutic for RCC which targets the exportin-1 (XPO1) inhibitor. Materials and Methods RCC cells were treated with the orally available XPO1 inhibitor, KPT-330, and cell viability and Annexin V (apoptosis) assays, and cell cycle analyses were performed to evaluate the efficacy of KPT-330 in two RCC cell lines. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to validate mechanisms of XPO1 inhibition. The efficacy and on-target effects of KPT-330 were further analyzed in vivo in RCC xenograft mice, and KPT-330-resistant cells were established to evaluate potential mechanisms of KPT-330 resistance. Results KPT-330 attenuated RCC viability through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction both in vitro and in vivo, a process in which increased nuclear localization of p21 by XPO1 inhibition played a major role. In addition, KPT-330 resistant cells remained sensitive to the currently approved for RCC multi-kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib) and mTOR inhibitors (everolimus, temsirolimus), suggesting that these targeted therapeutics would remain useful as second line therapeutics following KPT-330 treatment. Conclusion The orally-available XPO1 inhibitor, KPT-330, represents a novel target for RCC whose in vivo efficacy approaches that of sunitinib. In addition, cells resistant to KPT-330 retain their ability to respond to available RCC therapeutics suggesting a novel approach for treatment in KPT-330-naïve as well as -resistant RCC patients.
Conceptions of experimentation during a science fair : a case of four science nine/ten honour students

This exploratory case study documented the conceptions of experimentation of four Science 9/10 honour students prior to, during, and after their participation in a science fair that took place in a high school setting. The four student participants consisted of: a male and a female student with experience in a science fair, and a male and a female student with no experience in a science fair. The data for this study were the students'journals and responses to a questionnaire, and in-depth phenomenological interviews. At the start of the science fair, all four students had an everyday sense of experimentation: trying or carrying out a procedure and learning from the experience. One of the four students also had a scientific sense of experimentation: identifying variables and figuring out the procedure to solve a problem. As the students worked on their science fair projects, they reiterated their initial conceptions of experimentation. The students also elaborated on their conceptions by adding that experiments: can be "formal" or "informal," answer questions, involve "creativity," and are a part of a learning process. By the end of the science fair, all but one of the students kept their initial conceptions of experimentation. Documenting the above students' conceptions of typical science classroom activities, such as structured laboratory activities and demonstration, was also an integral part of this study. In general the students' thoughts on the above activities were similar to their conceptions of experimentations. The greater the amount of hands-on involvement and input to the procedure from the student, the more likely the students considered the activity an experiment. An examination of the type of investigation the students' conducted for their projects showed that three of the projects could be classified as the engineering model of experimentation while the fourth project could be classified as the science model of experimentation. The above classification provided insight on the rationales behind the students' conceptions of experimentation.
Accuracy of electrocardiography in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension: systematic review

Objective To review the accuracy of electrocardiography in screening for left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension. Design Systematic review of studies of test accuracy of six electrocardiographic indexes: the Sokolow-Lyon index, Cornell voltage index, Cornell product index, Gubner index, and Romhilt-Estes scores with thresholds for a positive test of ≥4 points or ≥5 points. Data sources Electronic databases ((Pre-)Medline, Embase), reference lists of relevant studies and previous reviews, and experts. Study selection Two reviewers scrutinised abstracts and examined potentially eligible studies. Studies comparing the electrocardiographic index with echocardiography in hypertensive patients and reporting sufficient data were included. Data extraction Data on study populations, echocardiographic criteria, and methodological quality of studies were extracted. Data synthesis Negative likelihood ratios, which indicate to what extent the posterior odds of left ventricular hypertrophy is reduced by a negative test, were calculated. Results 21 studies and data on 5608 patients were analysed. The median prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 33% (interquartile range 23-41%) in primary care settings (10 studies) and 65% (37-81%) in secondary care settings (11 studies). The median negative likelihood ratio was similar across electrocardiographic indexes, ranging from 0.85 (range 0.34-1.03) for the Romhilt-Estes score (with threshold ≥4 points) to 0.91 (0.70-1.01) for the Gubner index. Using the Romhilt-Estes score in primary care, a negative electrocardiogram result would reduce the typical pre-test probability from 33% to 31%. In secondary care the typical pre-test probability of 65% would be reduced to 63%. Conclusion Electrocardiographic criteria should not be used to rule out left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.
Withdrawal of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and objective: The remodelling of the adipose tissue by pioglitazone may be associated with the sustained therapeutic effects. We studied the effects of withdrawal of pioglitazone after 3‐month treatment on glucose, lipid and high‐molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels as well as liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Some Psychological Mechanisms Operative in Gossip

12 The line here is a fine one, but legitimate rewards appear to be distinguishable from the "pay-off" on the following basis: if the individual views rewards as a necessary condition for the performance of a prescribed act, we are approaching the idea of the "deal"; if the individual views rewards as lagniappe, as a fortunate concomitant of duty, we are approaching legitimate positive sanctions. The important point is that when normative conformity is based on the principle of a favor for a favor, the individual is not subject to the critical social control of an internalized moral imperadaily life of the prison inmate, becomes a figure to be manipulated, coerced, and hoodwinked. It seems likely, therefore, that a major barrier to the rehabilitation of the adult criminal in a maximum security prison is to be attributed not only to the "unnaturalness" of his social environment and the lack of scientifically tested therapeutic devices but also to the corruption of the guard's authority in maintaining custody and discipline. Since these functions have long been held to be opposed to the aim of reformation, it would appear that a profound re-evaluation of the importance of these functions for the rehabilitation of the adult criminal is needed.
Are School Counselors a Cost-Effective Education Input?

While much is known about the effects of class size and teacher quality on achievement, there is little evidence on whether policymakers can improve education by utilizing non-instructional resources. We exploit plausibly exogenous within-school variation in counselors and find that one additional counselor increases boysâ€™ reading and math achievement by over one percentile point, and reduces misbehavior of both boys and girls. Estimates imply the marginal counselor has the same impact on overall achievement as increasing the quality of every teacher in the school by nearly one-third of a standard deviation, and is twice as effective as reducing class size by hiring an additional teacher.
Temporospatial dissociation of Pe subcomponents for perceived and unperceived errors

Previous research on performance monitoring revealed that errors are followed by an initial fronto-central negative deflection (error-related negativity, ERN or Ne) and a subsequent centro-parietal positivity (error positivity, Pe). It has been shown that error awareness mainly influences the Pe, whereas the ERN seems unaffected by conscious awareness of an error. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation of ERN and Pe to error awareness in a visual size discrimination task in which errors are not elicited by impulsive responding but by perceptual difficulty. Further, we applied a temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA) to examine whether the temporospatial subcomponents of the Pe would differentially relate to error awareness. Event-related potential (ERP) results were in accordance with earlier studies: a significant error awareness effect was found for the Pe, but not for the ERN. Interestingly, a modulation with error perception on correct trials was found: correct responses considered as incorrect had larger correct-related negativity (CRN) and lager Pe amplitudes than correct responses considered as correct. The PCA yielded two relevant spatial factors accounting for the Pe (latency 300 ms). A temporospatial factor characterized by a centro-parietal positivity varied significantly with error awareness. Of the two temporospatial factors corresponding to ERN and CRN, one factor with central topography varied with response correctness and subjective error perception on correct responses. The PCA results indicate that the error awareness effect is specifically related to the centro-parietal subcomponent of the Pe. Since this component has also been shown to be related to the importance of an error, the present variation with error awareness indicates that this component is sensitive to the salience of an error and that salience secondarily may trigger error awareness.
THE EFFECT OF THE COMPUTER ASSISTED TEACHING AND 7 E MODEL OF THE CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING METHODS ON THE ACHIEVEMENTS AND ATTITUDES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study provides a comparative effect study of the Computer Assisted Teaching and the 7E model of the Constructivist Learning methods on attitudes and achievements of the students in physics classes. The experiments have been carried out in a private high school in Diyarbakır/Turkey on groups of first year students whose pre-test scores of achievements and attitudes show no statistically significant difference. One of the groups received computer assisted, and the other were given instructions based on 7E model of the constructive learning method. An achievement test consisting of 29 multi-choice questions related to subject of electrostatics has been carried out to compare the group’s achievements. A statistical analysis of achievement tests showed a significant difference between the students achievements at the knowledge and comprehension levels of cognitive domain (P<,05). On the other hand no difference was noted between their achievements at the application level of cognitive domain. To determine the effect of the instruction methods on the student’s attitudes towards the physics course, a physics attitude scale was applied to both groups. The results have indicated that the student’s attitudes towards physics learning were not affected by different instruction methods.