Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibits Cyclin A Expression and Retinoblastoma Hyperphosphorylation Triggered by Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Induction of New E2F-1 Synthesis*

Cyclin A is required for cell cycle S phase entry, and its overexpression contributes to tumorigenesis. Release of pre-existing E2Fs from inactive complexes of E2F and hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB) is the prevailing dogma for E2F transcriptional activation of target genes such as cyclin A. Here we explored the hypothesis that new synthesis of E2F-1 is required for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to induce cyclin A accumulation and RB hyperphosphorylation, events that are targeted by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to arrest cell cycle progression. We first established that IGF-I increases expression of cyclin A, causes hyperphosphorylation of RB, and augments the mass of E2F-1 in a time-dependent manner. As expected, E2F-1 small interfering RNA blocks the ability of IGF-I to increase synthesis of E2F-1. Most important, this E2F-1 small interfering RNA also blocks the ability of IGF-I to increase cyclin A accumulation and to hyperphosphorylate RB. We next established that TNFα dose-dependently inhibits IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of both RB and histone H1 by cyclin A-dependent cyclin-dependent kinases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) mediates this suppression because co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that TNFα reduces the amount of IGF-I-induced cyclin A that binds Cdk2, leading to a reduction in Cdk2 enzymatic activity. TNFα antagonizes the ability of IGF-I to increase mass of both E2F-1 and cyclin A but not cyclin E or D1. The cytostatic property of TNFα is also shown by its ability to block IGF-I-stimulated luciferase activity of a cyclin A promoter reporter. Deletion of an E2F recognition site from this reporter eliminates the regulatory effects of both IGF-I and TNFα on cyclin A transcription, indicating the essential role of E2F-1 in mediating their cross-talk. Collectively, these results establish that TNFα targets IGF-I-induced E2F-1 synthesis, leading to inhibition of the subsequent accumulation in cyclin A, formation of cyclin A-Cdk2 complexes, hyperphosphorylation of RB, and cell cycle arrest.
The effects of self-regulatory depletion on perceived exertion during 30 minutes of treadmill exercise

The purpose of this research was to determine if self-regulatory strength depletion induced by performing a modified Stroop task would influence rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during 30 minutes of treadmill exercise. Research indicates that self-regulatory strength can be depleted and performance on subsequent tasks that require self-regulation can be diminished (Muraven and Baumeister, 2000). Participants completed the modified Stroop task (experimental condition) and the color word task (control condition) before performing treadmill exercise at ventilatory threshold for 30 minutes. The modified Stroop task and the color word task were completed on separate days, and the order that participants completed tasks was randomly assigned. Self-regulatory strength depletion did not impact RPE, F(1,12) = 1.63, p > . 05, partial c2 = . 12, or exercise heart rate, F(1,12) = . 01, p > . 05, partial c2 = . 00. Yet experiencing selfregulatory strength depletion on the first day resulted in significantly lower RPE when selfregulatory strength was not depleted on the second day, F(1,11) = 9.01, p < . 05, partial c2 = . 45. The results of this study have implications for perceptions of future exercise sessions when selfregulatory strength is or is not depleted.
Biomimetic, Mild Chemical Synthesis of CdTe-GSH Quantum Dots with Improved Biocompatibility

Multiple applications of nanotechnology, especially those involving highly fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) or quantum dots (QDs) have stimulated the research to develop simple, rapid and environmentally friendly protocols for synthesizing NPs exhibiting novel properties and increased biocompatibility. In this study, a simple protocol for the chemical synthesis of glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe QDs (CdTe-GSH) resembling conditions found in biological systems is described. Using only CdCl2, K2TeO3 and GSH, highly fluorescent QDs were obtained under pH, temperature, buffer and oxygen conditions that allow microorganisms growth. These CdTe-GSH NPs displayed similar size, chemical composition, absorbance and fluorescence spectra and quantum yields as QDs synthesized using more complicated and expensive methods. CdTe QDs were not freely incorporated into eukaryotic cells thus favoring their biocompatibility and potential applications in biomedicine. In addition, NPs entry was facilitated by lipofectamine, resulting in intracellular fluorescence and a slight increase in cell death by necrosis. Toxicity of the as prepared CdTe QDs was lower than that observed with QDs produced by other chemical methods, probably as consequence of decreased levels of Cd+2 and higher amounts of GSH. We present here the simplest, fast and economical method for CdTe QDs synthesis described to date. Also, this biomimetic protocol favors NPs biocompatibility and helps to establish the basis for the development of new, “greener” methods to synthesize cadmium-containing QDs.
The Job Diagnostic Survey: An Instrument for the Diagnosis of Jobs and the Evaluation of Job Redesign Projects

Abstract : The report describes the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS), an instrument designed to measure the following three classes of variables: (1) The objective characteristics of jobs, particularly the degree to which jobs are designed so that they enhance the internal work motivation and the job satisfaction of people who do them; (2) The personal affective reactions of individuals to their jobs and to the broader work setting; and (3) the readiness of individuals to respond positively to 'enriched' jobs--i.e., jobs which have measured potential for generating internal work motivation. The JDS is based on a specific theory of how jobs affect employee motivation. It is intended for two general types of use: For diagnosing existing jobs to determine if (and how) they might be re- designed to improve employee productivity and satisfaction; and for evaluating the effect of job changes on employees--whether the changes derive from deliberate 'job enrichment' projects or from naturally-occurring modifications of technology or work systems.
Power-Aware Mapping of Probabilistic Applications onto Heterogeneous MPSoC Platforms

Multiprocessor SOC platforms have been adopted for a wide range of high performance applications. Task assignment and processing unit allocation are key steps in the design of predictable and efficient embedded systems. Provided that the probability distributions and mutual exclusion conditions for executing applications are known a priori, this paper explores the mapping of tasks onto processing units while minimizing the expected average power consumption. The underlying model considers static (leakage) and dynamic power. This study shows that deriving approximative solutions with a constant worst-case approximation factor in polynomial time is not achievable unless P = NP, even if a feasible task mapping is provided as an input. A polynomial-time heuristic algorithm is proposed that applies a multiple-step heuristic. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing the derived solutions to the optimal ones, obtained via an integer linear program (ILP) specification.
Comparison of scales of climate and soil data for aggregating simulated yields of winter wheat in Denmark

Crop growth models are essentially site-based, and use of such models for assessing regional productivity of crops requires methods for aggregating over space. Different method for aggregating simulated county and national crop yields for winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in Denmark were tested using a crop simulation model (CLIMCROP), which was run with and without irrigation for a range of soil types and climatic conditions. The aggregated county or national yield was calculated by summing simulated yield of each category multiplied by the area, they represent. Ten different combinations of scales of climate and soil data were used. The wheat area was distributed between the different soil types using either a uniform distribution or a distribution that gave preference to soils with high water-holding capacity. The simulated results were compared with Danish county and national yield statistics for winter wheat from the period 1971–1997. There was, in general, a poor relationship between simulated and observed yields when the observed yields had been detrended to remove the technology effect. A larger fraction of the inter-annual variability was captured by the model on the loamy soils compared with the sandy soils. The model was able to capture most of the spatial variation in observed yields, except at the coarsest resolutions of the soil data. The finest resolution of soil and climate data gave a better fit of simulated to observed spatial autocorrelation in yield. The results indicate that upscaling of simulated productivity of crops for Danish conditions requires a spatial resolution of soil data of 10× 10 km2 or finer. A single climate station may be sufficient if only national yields are estimated, but more stations are required, if regional yields are to be estimated. Consideration should also be given to the distribution of crop area on the different soil types. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A role for cyclin D3 in the endomitotic cell cycle

Platelets, essential for thrombosis and hemostasis, develop from polyploid megakaryocytes which undergo endomitosis. During this cell cycle, cells experience abrogated mitosis and reenter a phase of DNA synthesis, thus leading to endomitosis. In the search for regulators of the endomitotic cell cycle, we have identified cyclin D3 as an important regulatory factor. Of the D-type cyclins, cyclin D3 is present at high levels in megakaryocytes undergoing endomitosis and is markedly upregulated following exposure to the proliferation-, maturation-, and ploidy-promoting factor, Mpl ligand. Transgenic mice in which cyclin D3 is overexpressed in the platelet lineage display a striking increase in endomitosis, similar to changes seen following Mpl ligand administration to normal mice. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that unlike such treated mice, however, D3 transgenic mice show a poor development of demarcation membranes, from which platelets are believed to fragment, and no increase in platelets. Thus, while our model supports a key role for cyclin D3 in the endomitotic cell cycle, it also points to the unique role of Mpl ligand in priming megakaryocytes towards platelet fragmentation. The role of cyclin D3 in promoting endomitosis in other lineages programmed to abrogate mitosis will need further exploration.
Poisson-Nernst-Planck Systems for Ion Flow with a Local Hard-Sphere Potential for Ion Size Effects

In this work, we analyze a one-dimensional steady-state Poisson--Nernst--Planck-type model for ionic flow through a membrane channel with fixed boundary ion concentrations (charges) and electric potentials. We consider two ion species, one positively charged and one negatively charged, and assume zero permanent charge. A local hard-sphere potential that depends pointwise on ion concentrations is included in the model to account for ion size effects on the ionic flow. The model problem is treated as a boundary value problem of a singularly perturbed differential system. Our analysis is based on the geometric singular perturbation theory but, most importantly, on specific structures of this concrete model. The existence of solutions to the boundary value problem for small ion sizes is established and, treating the ion sizes as small parameters, we also derive an approximation of the I-V (current-voltage) relation and identify two critical potentials or voltages for ion size effects. Under electroneutrality .
ANALISIS PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIER TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DENGAN MEDIASI MOTIVASI KERJA (Studi Pada PNS Di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pekalongan)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi dan pengembangan karier terhadap kepuasan kerja dengan mediasi motivasi kerja. Kuesioner skala Likert 1-7 digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk memperoleh data. Uji validasi instrumen menggunakan analisis faktor, uji reliabilitas menggunakan standar alpha 0,6. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Untuk menguji pengaruh variabel secara parsial digunakan uji signifikansi pengaruh parsial menggunakan a 5%. Untuk menguji efek mediasi digunakan analisis jalur (Uji Path). Obyek penelitian ini adalah pegawai nergeri sipil (PNS) di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pekalongan, dengan populasi sebanyak 255 orang dan yang dijadikan sampel atau responden sebanyak 108 orang. Berdasarkan pengujian regresi linear berganda persamaan I, variabel kompensasi dan pengembangan karier berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel motivasi kerja. Pada pengujian determinasi diperoleh Adjusted R Square = 0,474 berarti sebesar 47,4% perubahan dari variabel motivasi kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kompensasi dan pengembangan karier. Dari pengujian regresi linear berganda persamaan II, variabel kompensasi, pengembangan karier dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel kepuasan kerja. Diperoleh hasil sumbangan terbesar terhadap variabel kepuasan kerja adalah variabel kompensasi sebesar 0,524 dan uji determinasi dihasilkan Adjusted R Square = 0,727 berarti sebesar 72,7% perubahan dari variabel kepuasan kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kompenasi, pengembangan karier dan motivasi kerja. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diupayakan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja di lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Pekalongan dengan cara menerapkan kompensasi dan pengembangan karier yang tepat serta meningkatkan motivasi kerja , sebagai salah satu upaya pemeliharaan sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi, Kata Kunci : Kompensasi, Pengembangan Karier, Motivasi Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja.
Evidence for a ganglion cell contribution to the primate electroretinogram (ERG): Effects of TTX on the multifocal ERG in macaque

To assess the contribution of spiking inner retinal neurons to the multifocal electroretinogram (ERG), recordings were made from four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) before and after intravitreal injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX). TTX blocks all sodium-based action potentials and thus terminates spiking activity of amacrine and ganglion cells. TTX eliminated a large component from the control responses, and this TTX-sensitive component was present as early as 10 ms after the stimulus. Before injection with TTX, the 103 focal ERG responses varied in waveform across the retina. After TTX, the response waveforms were largely independent of retinal position, indicating that it was primarily the TTX-sensitive component of the control response that was dependent upon retinal location. Given that retinal ganglion cells compose a sizable proportion of the retinal elements that produce action potentials, it is likely that part of the TTX-sensitive component is due to the spiking activity of these cells. Further, the systematic change in waveform of the TTX-sensitive component with distance from the optic nerve head suggests that part of the TTX-sensitive component may originate from the activity of the ganglion cell axons. Based on these findings, there is reason to be optimistic that the multifocal technique can be employed to study the effects of glaucoma and other diseases that affect the inner retina.
Coordination and Learning with a Partial Language

This paper explores how efficiency promotes the use of structure in language. It starts from the premise that one of language’s central characteristics is to provide a means for saying novel things about novel circumstances, its creativity. It is reasonable to expect that in a rich and changing environment, language will be incomplete. This encourages reliance on structure. It is shown how creative language use emerges form common knowledge structures, even if those structures are consistent with an a priori absence of a common language. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Koordination und Lernen mit einer Partialsprache) In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung von Strukturen in einer Sprache aus Effizienzsicht begrundet. Der Artikel geht davon aus, das eines der wichtigsten Merkmale der Sprache in ihrer Kreativitat zu sehen ist, d. h. als Mittel, um Neues uber neue Sachverhalte auszusagen. Es ist deshalb zu erwarten, das in einer vielfaltigen und sich verandernden Umwelt die Sprache unvollstandig bleiben wird. Dies fordert die Anwendung von Strukturen. Es wird gezeigt, wie die kreative Sprachanwendung aus allgemeinen Wissensstrukturen entsteht, auch dann, wenn diese Strukturen a priori noch keine gemeinsame Sprache bilden.
A 7.11mJ/Gb/query data-driven machine learning processor (D2MLP) for big data analysis and applications

A data-driven machine learning processor (D2MLP) with MIMD architecture is designed for big data analysis. Adopting the configurable counting engine array with 3-layer dimension merging, the D2MLP processes maximal 1-128/1024 dimensional data with parallel 64/8 queries in learning stage. Implement in 90nm CMOS technology, the D2MLP achieves 219.9x and 8.2x faster processing time than CPU and GPGPU, respectively. In application phase, maximal 22.7k 128-class classifications/s are performed with the learned density model. Operated at 1.0V and 165MHz, the D2MLP demonstrates an energy-efficient solution for learning and classification with 7.11mJ/Gb/query and 2. 3μJ/classification, respectively.
Association of rapid mood switching with panic disorder and familial panic risk in familial bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE Comorbid bipolar and panic disorders aggregate in families. A phenotypic trait shared by both disorders is the sudden shift in affect observed in panic attacks and some rapid cycling states. The authors investigated whether comorbidity of bipolar disorder and panic disorder is associated with rapid mood switching in families with a high rate of bipolar disorder. METHOD Six hundred six subjects with bipolar disorder from the NIMH Bipolar Disorder Genetics Initiative were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze rapid mood switching as a function of panic disorder diagnosis, sex, and familial risk for panic. RESULTS Familial panic and the diagnosis of panic disorder in an individual subject increased the odds for rapid mood switching. The familial effect persisted when individuals with panic disorder were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Panic and rapid mood switching occurring together in familial bipolar disorder may define a useful subphenotype for future studies.
Efficient discriminative local learning for object recognition

Although object recognition methods based on local learning can reasonably resolve the difficulties caused by the large variations in images from the same category, the high risk of overfitting and the heavy computational cost in training numerous local models (classifiers or distance functions) often limit their applicability. To address these two unpleasant issues, we cast the multiple, independent training processes of local models as a correlative multi-task learning problem, and design a new boosting algorithm to accomplish it. Specifically, we establish a parametric space where these local models lie and spread as a manifold-like structure, and use boosting to perform local model training by completing the manifold embedding. Via sharing the common embedding space, the learning of each local model can be properly regularized by the extra knowledge from other models, while the training time is also significantly reduced. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets, Caltech-101 and VOC 2007, support that our approach not only achieves promising recognition rates but also gives a two order speed-up in realizing local learning.
Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

Evidence is reviewed which suggests that there may be little or no direct introspective access to higher order cognitive processes. Subjects are sometimes (a) unaware of the existence of a stimulus that importantly influenced a response, (b) unaware of the existence of the response, and (c) unaware that the stimulus has affected the response. It is proposed that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes, that is, on the processes mediating the effects of a stimulus on a response, they do not do so on the basis of any true introspection. Instead, their reports are based on a priori, implicit causal theories, or judgments about the extent to which a particular stimulus is a plausible cause of a given response. This suggests that though people may not be able to observe directly their cognitive processes, they will sometimes be able to report accurately about them. Accurate reports will occur when influential stimuli are salient and are plausible causes of the responses they produce, and will not occur when stimuli are not salient or are not plausible causes.
Data ethics

CUSP aims to utilize Big Data to help study and understand urban environments. As a part of this effort, we are planning to build an inclusive data warehouse at CUSP. Our vision for this data warehouse is to hold large quantities of data from multiple sources, including personal (most likely anonymized) data about individuals. But, obtaining, housing, and protecting these data come with many challenges and questions. We hope to answer some of these questions in this working session and converge on a set of principles that will guide our data practices moving forward. Personal data is a new asset class touching all aspects of society. It is potentially as valuable a resource in the 21st century as heavily traded physical goods like oil have been in the past hundred years. However, throughout history, economic value creation has been linked to the ability to move and trade physical goods. Similarly, " data needs to move to create value. Data sitting alone on a server is like money hidden under a mattress. It is safe and secure, but largely stagnant and underutilized. " But, personal data lacks the trading rules and policy frameworks that exist for widely traded physical assets. As a result, there is little trust among the key stakeholders,-individuals, governments and the private sector,-which could undermine its long-term potential. In response to surveys, individuals generally say that they want enhanced control over their personal data, increased transparency on how it is used, and some kind of fair value in return. However, their actions are often quite different. While many say they care deeply about privacy, they share information quite widely online. They often sign up for services not knowing how their data will be protected or whether it will be shared. They rarely read the privacy policies of the organizations providing these services, which are usually written in hard-to-comprehend legal language. Companies, on the other hand, view the data they have captured or created about individuals as theirs. Data is an asset on which they have invested significant resources. They want to leverage the data to create business value, better understand the behavior of their customers and help themselves become more productive. They struggle with how to best protect all the data they now have access to, as well as trying to figure out the different regulations pertaining to its use. Governments are trying to leverage all this data …