Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coagulation profile of liquid‐state plasma

BACKGROUND: Use of liquid plasma (LP) has been reported as early as the mid 1930s. Unlike fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP), LP is maintained at 1 to 6°C for up to 40 days after collection and processing. Despite its approved use by the US Food and Drug Administration, the coagulation profile of LP is incompletely described. In this study we evaluate the coagulation profile of LP stored up to 30 days.
Narrative Constructions for the Organization of Self Experience: Proof of Concept via Embodied Robotics

It has been proposed that starting from meaning that the child derives directly from shared experience with others, adult narrative enriches this meaning and its structure, providing causal links between unseen intentional states and actions. This would require a means for representing meaning from experience—a situation model—and a mechanism that allows information to be extracted from sentences and mapped onto the situation model that has been derived from experience, thus enriching that representation. We present a hypothesis and theory concerning how the language processing infrastructure for grammatical constructions can naturally be extended to narrative constructions to provide a mechanism for using language to enrich meaning derived from physical experience. Toward this aim, the grammatical construction models are augmented with additional structures for representing relations between events across sentences. Simulation results demonstrate proof of concept for how the narrative construction model supports multiple successive levels of meaning creation which allows the system to learn about the intentionality of mental states, and argument substitution which allows extensions to metaphorical language and analogical problem solving. Cross-linguistic validity of the system is demonstrated in Japanese. The narrative construction model is then integrated into the cognitive system of a humanoid robot that provides the memory systems and world-interaction required for representing meaning in a situation model. In this context proof of concept is demonstrated for how the system enriches meaning in the situation model that has been directly derived from experience. In terms of links to empirical data, the model predicts strong usage based effects: that is, that the narrative constructions used by children will be highly correlated with those that they experience. It also relies on the notion of narrative or discourse function words. Both of these are validated in the experimental literature.
Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy.

BACKGROUND Evidence-based medicine is valuable to the extent that the evidence base is complete and unbiased. Selective publication of clinical trials--and the outcomes within those trials--can lead to unrealistic estimates of drug effectiveness and alter the apparent risk-benefit ratio. METHODS We obtained reviews from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for studies of 12 antidepressant agents involving 12,564 patients. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify matching publications. For trials that were reported in the literature, we compared the published outcomes with the FDA outcomes. We also compared the effect size derived from the published reports with the effect size derived from the entire FDA data set. RESULTS Among 74 FDA-registered studies, 31%, accounting for 3449 study participants, were not published. Whether and how the studies were published were associated with the study outcome. A total of 37 studies viewed by the FDA as having positive results were published; 1 study viewed as positive was not published. Studies viewed by the FDA as having negative or questionable results were, with 3 exceptions, either not published (22 studies) or published in a way that, in our opinion, conveyed a positive outcome (11 studies). According to the published literature, it appeared that 94% of the trials conducted were positive. By contrast, the FDA analysis showed that 51% were positive. Separate meta-analyses of the FDA and journal data sets showed that the increase in effect size ranged from 11 to 69% for individual drugs and was 32% overall. CONCLUSIONS We cannot determine whether the bias observed resulted from a failure to submit manuscripts on the part of authors and sponsors, from decisions by journal editors and reviewers not to publish, or both. Selective reporting of clinical trial results may have adverse consequences for researchers, study participants, health care professionals, and patients.
The Experiment-Based Knew-It-All-Along Effect in the Qualitative Light of Narrativity.

In contrast to the extant quantitative studies on the hindsight effect, the present narrative analysis looks at it from a rare angle of talk-ininteraction. Fifty one-to-one interviews were done with five student groups, each of which was presented with a scenario ending with one factual outcome and three alternative outcomes that actually did not happen. Confirming the already proven role of the provided event outcome in overestimating the probability of its occurrence, this study expands the current understanding of the processes neglected by the research on the hindsight effect. It does so by highlighting the strategic use of vagueness, self-empowerment and selective perspective-taking that question the assessment of the past for its own sake and emphasize the importance of self-presentation. Key Words: Decision Making, Hindsight Effect, and Qualitative Research
Characterization of MRSA Isolated from Companion Animals , Healthcare Providers and Environmental Surfaces of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital OPEN ACCESS

Purpose: Hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA has been reported to be associated with small animal personnel, as well as companion animals. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of MRSA isolated from the patients, healthcare providers, and environmental surfaces within the “small animal” area of a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH). Methods: Isolates of S. aureus were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as the presence of the mecA and PVL genes; PFGE and MLST were performed. Results: A total of 30 MRSA isolates were identified; 6 from humans, 23 from animals, and 1 from an environmental surface. The most prevalent clone of HA-MRSA (USA100: ST 5) was identified among the faculty and patients within the VTH. Additionally, community-acquired (CA) MRSA (USA 300:ST8: PVL+) was identified from multiple samples over the course of approximately four months from a single veterinary student. Conclusion: Despite low sample size, the presence of both HAand CA-MRSA within this VTH is notable. Additionally, evidence of transmission of MRSA among patients and health care providers was observed. The implication of this is massive and more work to identify the routes and association of transmission is needed.
Determination of the ability of high‐frequency ECG to estimate left ventricular mass in humans, determined by magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Previous studies have shown a significantly higher correlation between left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and high‐frequency QRS components (HF‐QRS) than between LVMi and QRS amplitudes in the standard frequency range in rabbits. The purpose of the present study was to compare ECG measurements from standard and high‐frequency ranges with left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVMi determined by magnetic resonance imaging in humans.
Robust Equilibrium Yield Curves

framework, stochastic volatility in consumption growth generates both a state-dependent market price of model uncertainty and a stochastic market price of risk. We estimate the model using data from the bond and equity markets, as well as consumption data. We show that the model is consistent with key empirical regularities that characterize the bond and equity markets. We also characterize empirically the set of models the robust representative agent entertains, and show that this set is small. That is, it is statistically difficult to distinguish between models in this set.
Decompression of Chiari malformation with and without duraplasty: morbidity versus recurrence.

OBJECT The optimal surgical management of Chiari malformation (CM) is evolving. Evidence continues to accrue that supports decompression without duraplasty as an effective treatment to achieve symptomatic relief and anatomical decompression. The risks and benefits of this less invasive operation need to be weighed against decompression with duraplasty. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of all CM decompressions from 2003 to 2007. All operations were performed by a single surgeon at a single institution. Data were analyzed for outcome, postoperative morbidity, and recurrence. RESULTS Of 121 unique patients, 56 underwent posterior fossa decompressions without duraplasty (PFD) and 64 patients underwent posterior fossa decompressions with duraplasty (PFDD). Of the 56 PFD patients, 7 (12.5%) needed a subsequent PFDD for symptomatic recurrence. Of the 64 patients who underwent a PFDD, 2 (3.1%) needed a repeated PFDD for symptomatic recurrence. Patients treated with PFDD had an average operative time of 201 minutes in contrast to 127 minutes for those who underwent PFD (p = 0.0001). Patients treated with PFDD had average hospital stays of 4.0 days, whereas that for patients treated with PFD was 2.7 days (p = 0.0001). While in the hospital, patients treated with PFDD used low-grade narcotics, intravenous narcotics, muscle relaxants, and antiemetic medications at statistically significant differing rates. CONCLUSIONS While PFD was associated with a higher rate of recurrent symptoms requiring repeated decompression, this may be justified by the significantly lower morbidity rate. Clearer delineation of the trade-off between morbidity and recurrence may be used to help patients and their families make decisions regarding care.
The Long and Winding Road to Uncertainty: The Link between Spatial Distance and Feelings of Uncertainty

Construal Level Theory (CLT) [1] defines psychological distance as any object, event, or person that cannot be experienced by the self in the here and now. The goal of the present research was to demonstrate that feelings of uncertainty are closely linked to the concept of psychological distance. Two experiments tested the assumption that spatial distance and uncertainty are bidirectionally related. In the first experiment, we show that perceived spatial distance leads to a feeling of uncertainty. The second experiment revealed that a feeling of uncertainty leads to a perception of greater distance. By demonstrating that distance is closely tied to uncertainty, the present research extends previous research on both distance and uncertainty by incorporating previously unexplained findings within CLT. Implications of these findings such as the role of uncertainty within CLT are discussed.
A Study of Achievement and Underachievement among Gifted, Potentially Gifted, and Average African-American Students.

This report presents results of a cross-sectiOnal study of achievement and underachievement in middle and high school (grades 6 to 9) African-American students in five mid-Atlantic school districts in 1995. Interviews with 152 African-American students, of whom 44 were identified as gifted, were conducted. Students were asked about their perceptions of factors that negatively or positively affect their achievement. Nine variables were investigated: racial/ethnic identity, test anxiety, attitudes toward school subjects, support for the achievement ideology, perceptions of the learning environment, and the influence of psychological, social, and cultural/familial factors. Regression analysis identified 62 students as underachievers and 87 as achievers. Half of the males and 37 percent of the females were underachieving. Comparison of three academic groups (gifted, potentially gifted, and average students) and two achievement levels (achievers and underachievers) found that 11 percent were gifted underachievers, 18 percent were gifted achievers, 18 percent were potentially gifted underachieves, 27 percent were potentially gifted achievers, 12 percent were average achievers, and 13 percent were average underachievers. The variables which discriminated best among these groups were: (1) students' attitudes toward reading, math, and science; (2) students' perceptions of parental achievement orientation; and (3) students' own achievement ideology. The interview protocol is attached. Contains 80 references. (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** \IIIIIMMememmomimier I 7 8 5 The University of Georgia THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER ON THE GIFTED AND TALENTED The University of Connecticut The University of Georgia The University of Virginia Yale University A Study of Achievement and Underachievement Among Gifted, Potentially Gifted, and Average African-American Students
Genomic Investigation of the Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Humans and Animals in Canada

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a zoonotic pathogen that often leads to invasive bloodstream infections in humans that are multidrug resistant. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a zoonotic pathogen that often leads to invasive bloodstream infections in humans that are multidrug resistant. Described here are the results of Canadian national surveillance of S. Dublin from 2003 to 2015 in humans and bovines, principally collected through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). An increase in human infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Dublin was observed in 2010, many of which were bloodstream infections. Phylogenomic analysis of human and bovine isolates revealed a closely related network that differed by only 0 to 17 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), suggesting some potential transmission between humans and bovines. Phylogenomic comparison of global publicly available sequences of S. Dublin showed that Canadian isolates clustered closely with those from the United States. A high correlation between phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was observed in Canadian isolates. IS26 replication was widespread among U.S. and Canadian isolates and caused the truncation and inactivation of the resistance genes strA and blaTEM-1B. A hybrid virulence and MDR plasmid (pN13-01125) isolated from a Canadian S. Dublin isolate was searched against NCBI SRA data of bacteria. The pN13-01125 coding sequences were found in 13 Salmonella serovars, but S. Dublin appears to be a specific reservoir. In summary, we have observed the rise of invasive MDR S. Dublin in humans in Canada and found that they are closely related to bovine isolates and to American isolates in their mobile and chromosomal contents.
IS FACE RECOGNITION NOT SO UNIQUE AFTER ALL?

In monkeys, a number of different neocortical as well as limbic structures have cell populations that respond preferentially to face stimuli. Face selectivity is also differentiated within itself: Cells in the inferior temporal and prefrontal cortex tend to respond to facial identity, others in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus to gaze directions, and yet another population in the amygdala to facial expression. The great majority of these cells are sensitive to the entire configuration of a face. Changing the spatial arrangement of the facial features greatly diminishes the neurons' response. It would appear, then, that an entire neural network for faces exists which contains units highly selective to complex configurations and that respond to different aspects of the object “face. ” Given the vital importance of face recognition in primates, this may not come as a surprise. But are faces the only objects represented in this way? Behavioural work in humans suggests that nonface objects may be processed like faces if subjects are required to discriminate between visually similar exemplars and acquire sufficient expertise in doing so. Recent neuroimaging studies in humans indicate that level of categorisation and expertise interact to produce the specialisation for faces in the middle fusiform gyrus. Here we discuss some new evidence in the monkey suggesting that any arbitrary homogeneous class of artificial objects—which the animal has to individually learn, remember, and recognise again and again from among a large number of distractors sharing a number of common features with the target—can induce configurational selectivity in the response of neurons in the visual system. For all of the animals tested, the neurons from which we recorded were located in the anterior inferotemporal cortex. However, as we have only recorded from the posterior and anterior ventrolateral temporal lobe, other cells with a similar selectivity for the same objects may also exist in areas of the medial temporal lobe or in the limbic structures of the same “expert” monkeys. It seems that the encoding scheme used for faces may also be employed for other classes with similar properties. Thus, regarding their neural encoding, faces are not “special” but rather the “default special” class in the primate recognition system.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Re-identification of Humans in Crowds Using Personal, Social and Environmental Constraints

—This paper addresses the problem of human re-identification across non-overlapping cameras in crowds. Re-identification in crowded scenes is a challenging problem due to large number of people and frequent occlusions, coupled with changes in their appearance due to different properties and exposure of cameras. To solve this problem, we model multiple Personal, Social and Environmental (PSE) constraints on human motion across cameras. The personal constraints include appearance and preferred speed of each individual assumed to be similar across the non-overlapping cameras. The social influences (constraints) are quadratic in nature, i.e. occur between pairs of individuals, and modeled through grouping and collision avoidance. Finally, the environmental constraints capture the transition probabilities between gates (entrances / exits) in different cameras, defined as multi-modal distributions of transition time and destination between all pairs of gates. We incorporate these constraints into an energy minimization framework for solving human re-identification. Assigning 1 − 1 correspondence while modeling PSE constraints is NP-hard. We present a stochastic local search algorithm to restrict the search space of hypotheses, and obtain 1 − 1 solution in the presence of linear and quadratic PSE constraints. Moreover, we present an alternate optimization using Frank-Wolfe algorithm that solves the convex approximation of the objective function with linear relaxation on binary variables, and yields an order of magnitude speed up over stochastic local search with minor drop in performance. We evaluate our approach using Cumulative Matching Curves as well 1 − 1 assignment on several thousand frames of Grand Central, PRID and DukeMTMC datasets, and obtain significantly better results compared to existing re-identification methods.
Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms

This paper presents a model of international trade that features heterogeneous firms, relative endowment differences across countries, and consumer taste for variety. The paper demonstrates that firm reactions to trade liberalization generate endogenous Ricardian productivity responses at the industry level that magnify countries' comparative advantage. Focusing on the wide range of firm-level reactions to falling trade costs, the model also shows that, as trade costs fall, firms in comparative advantage industries are more likely to export, that relative firm size and the relative number of firms increases more in comparative advantage industries and that job turnover is higher in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries.
Human astrocytes inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans growth by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungus that causes life- threatening meningoencephalitis in 5-10% of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is characterized by a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, accumulation of encapsulated forms of C. neoformans, and varying degrees of glial reaction. Little is known about the contribution of endogenous central nervous system cells to the pathogenesis of cryptococcal infections. In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes as potential effector cells against C. neoformans. Primary cultures of human fetal astrocytes, activated with interleukin 1 beta plus interferon gamma inhibited the growth of C. neoformans. The inhibition of C. neoformans growth was paralleled by production of nitrite, and reversed by the inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO.) synthase, NG-methyl-mono-arginine and NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester. The results suggest a novel function for human astrocytes in host defence and provide a precedent for the use of NO. as an antimicrobial effector molecule by human cells.
American Geriatrics Society Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults

Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) continue to be prescribed and used as first‐line treatment for the most vulnerable of older adults, despite evidence of poor outcomes from the use of PIMs in older adults. PIMs now form an integral part of policy and practice and are incorporated into several quality measures. The specific aim of this project was to update the previous Beers Criteria using a comprehensive, systematic review and grading of the evidence on drug‐related problems and adverse drug events (ADEs) in older adults. This was accomplished through the support of The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and the work of an interdisciplinary panel of 11 experts in geriatric care and pharmacotherapy who applied a modified Delphi method to the systematic review and grading to reach consensus on the updated 2012 AGS Beers Criteria. Fifty‐three medications or medication classes encompass the final updated Criteria, which are divided into three categories: potentially inappropriate medications and classes to avoid in older adults, potentially inappropriate medications and classes to avoid in older adults with certain diseases and syndromes that the drugs listed can exacerbate, and finally medications to be used with caution in older adults. This update has much strength, including the use of an evidence‐based approach using the Institute of Medicine standards and the development of a partnership to regularly update the Criteria. Thoughtful application of the Criteria will allow for (a) closer monitoring of drug use, (b) application of real‐time e‐prescribing and interventions to decrease ADEs in older adults, and (c) better patient outcomes.