Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Under-utilization of evidence-based drug treatment in patients with heart failure is only partially explained by dissimilarity to patients enrolled in landmark trials: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Heart Failure.

AIMS Surveys on heart failure management suggest under-utilization of life-saving evidence-based treatment. Evidence-based medicine and clinical guidelines are based on the results of randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we investigated how patients who fulfilled the enrolment criteria of randomized trials were treated in real life. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected three large placebo-controlled trials of patients with chronic heart failure, in which ACE-inhibitors (ACE-Is), beta-blockers, and spironolactone proved to be safe and effective. The major enrolment criteria of trials were identified and applied to patients enrolled in the Euro Heart Survey on Heart Failure to identify the proportion of patients eligible for treatment and also treated appropriately. Of the 10 701 patients who were enrolled in the Euro Heart Survey on Heart Failure, only a small percentage (13%) would have qualified for participation in at least one of the selected trials. Patients who fulfilled enrolment criteria of the identified trials were more likely to be treated with ACE-Is (83% of SOLVD-eligible patients), beta-blockers (54% of MERIT-HF-eligible patients), and aldosterone antagonists (43% of RALES-eligible patients) than trial-ineligible patients. Almost half of SOLVD-eligible patients who were treated with ACE-Is received the target dose as recommended in the guidelines, but only <10% of MERIT-HF eligible patients who were treated with beta-blockers received the target dose. CONCLUSION ACE-Is are widely utilized but given in lower doses than proven effective in clinical trials. beta-Blockers are underused and given in lower doses to patients who fulfil the enrolment criteria of relevant landmark trials.
The earliest Mesopsychidae and revision of the family Mesopanorpodidae (Mecoptera)

Abstract The family Mesopanorpodidae is revised. Most taxa referred to this family are not related to the type genus Mesopanorpodes Tillyard, 1918. The type species of the latter, Mesopanorpodes wianamattensis,is closely related to Mesopsyche Tillyard, 1917. Therefore Mesopanorpodes is transferred to Mesopsychidae Tillyard, 1917 (= Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard, 1918, syn. n.). The earliest Mesopsychidae are described from the Upper Permian of European Russia (Severodvinian; Isady locality, Vologda Province): Permopsyche issadensis gen. etsp. n. (type species) and Permopsyche rasnitsyni sp. n. Two species described under Mesopanorpodes from the Upper Permian of Australia are also included into Permopsyche: Permopsyche belmontensis (Riek, 1953), comb. n. , Permopsyche robustus (Riek, 1953) comb. n. The first pre-Triassic Mesopsyche, Mesopsyche incompleta sp. n. is described from the uppermost Permian (the town of Vyazniki, Vladimir Province). Bittacopanorpa javorskii Zalessky, 1935 from the uppermost Permian or basal Triassic of Kuznetsk Basin is identified as a hindwing of Mesopsyche: Mesopsyche javorskii (Zalessky, 1935) comb. n. The origin, evolutionary history, and stratigraphic occurrence of Mesopsychidae are discussed.
Results of a randomized, double-blind study of romiplostim versus placebo in patients with low/intermediate-1–risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is associated with shortened survival and an increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of romiplostim in patients who had thrombocytopenia with low‐risk/intermediate‐1–risk MDS.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, sociodemographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyser. Results and Discussion: Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% (n = 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%, n = 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10–14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminth control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.
Unemployment Insurance in Macroeconomic Stabilization

Does the generosity of unemployment insurance (UI) have a role to play in macroeconomic stabilization? When inefficient fluctuations arise from nominal rigidities and constraints on monetary policy, I demonstrate that it does, owing to the interaction between UI and aggregate demand. From a positive perspective, a marginal increase in UI generosity affects output and employment through a redistribution effect on aggregate demand. From a normative perspective, two forces determine optimal generosity beyond the classic trade-off between insurance and incentives: an aggregate demand externality and an effect of low aggregate demand on the social cost of disincentives. The aggregate demand externality summarizes the welfare impact of the redistribution effect when the economy is slack; both are governed by the difference in marginal propensities to consume between the unemployed and employed. Quantitatively, a calibrated model with search frictions, incomplete markets, and a binding zero lower bound suggests that the 2008â€“13 UI benefit extensions in the U.S. had important stabilization effects through these channels. Compared to counterfactual benefit durations capped at 9 months in the calibrated model, the extensions to 22 months prevent a 2-5 percentage point rise in the unemployment rate and generate a strict Pareto improvement.
Developmental Regulation of Apoptosis in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

The survival of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, both in vivo and in vitro, is dependent on the availability of nerve growth factor (NGF) for a transient period early in development after which these neurons become independent of NGF for survival. The precise molecular mechanism by which developing DRG neurons gain independence from NGF has not been determined. We used anin vitro model of DRG neuronal development to test hypotheses that independence from NGF in mature DRG neurons could be caused by developmental regulation of either elements of the NGF withdrawal signal transduction pathway or of proteins important for activation of the apoptosis output pathway. Interruption of phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase activation, by treatment with the specific inhibitor LY294002, resulted in apoptosis in immature but not mature DRG neurons in a manner similar to that observed with NGF withdrawal. Further downstream along the signal transduction pathway, c-JUN phosphorylation occurred in both immature and mature DRG neurons after NGF withdrawal or treatment with LY294002, despite the fact that the older neurons did not undergo apoptosis. In contrast, the ratio of expression of the proapoptotic genebax to antiapoptotic genebcl-xL was many times higher in immature than mature neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that developmental regulation of NGF withdrawal-induced apoptosis in DRG occurs via control of the relative level of expression of members of thebcl-2 gene family.
Sparse probabilistic projections

We present a generative model for performing sparse probabilistic projections, which includes sparse principal component analysis and sparse canonical correlation analysis as special cases. Sparsity is enforced by means of automatic relevance determination or by imposing appropriate prior distributions, such as generalised hyperbolic distributions. We derive a variational Expectation-Maximisation algorithm for the estimation of the hyperparameters and show that our novel probabilistic approach compares favourably to existing techniques. We illustrate how the proposed method can be applied in the context of cryptoanalysis as a preprocessing tool for the construction of template attacks.
Reduced-order H∞ filtering for singular systems with network delays

This paper deals with the problem of reducedorder H∞ filtering for singular systems with network delays. Such delays include both signal transmission delay and data packet dropout. A sufficient condition of the delay dependent H∞ performance is obtained in terms of matrix inequalities (MIS) to ensure the filtering error singular system is regular, impulsefree, stable and satisfies a prescribed H∞ performance level. By using the projection theorem, these MIS are transformed into linear matrix inequalities (LMIS) and a linear filter that has specified order lower than the given system is designed. A special case called static or zeroth-order H∞ filter is appeared when the order of the filter reduced to zero. Finally, a numerical example is introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Online Anomaly Detection Using KDE

Large backbone networks are regularly affected by a range of anomalies. This paper presents an online anomaly detection algorithm based on Kernel Density Estimates. The proposed algorithm sequentially and adaptively learns the definition of normality in the given application, assumes no prior knowledge regarding the underlying distributions, and then detects anomalies subject to a user-set tolerance level for false alarms. Comparison with the existing methods of Geometric Entropy Minimization, Principal Component Analysis and One-Class Neighbor Machine demonstrates that the proposed method achieves superior performance with lower complexity.
Expression and regulation of tumor necrosis factor α in normal and malignant ovarian epithelium

Epidemiologic studies implicate inflammatory stimuli in the development of ovarian cancer. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and both its receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) are expressed in biopsies of this malignancy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-α is a regulator of the proinflammatory microenvironment of ovarian cancer. A cancer profiling array showed higher expression of TNF-α in ovarian tumors compared with normal ovarian tissue, and cultured ovarian cancer cells expressed up to 1,000 times more TNF-α mRNA than cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial cells; TNF-α protein was only detected in the supernatant of tumor cell cultures. Treatment with TNF-α induced TNF-α mRNA via TNFRI in both malignant and normal cells with evidence for enhanced TNF-α mRNA stability in tumor cells. TNF-α induced TNF-α protein in an autocrine fashion in tumor but not in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. The TNF-α neutralizing antibody infliximab reduced the constitutive levels of TNF-α mRNA in tumor cell lines capable of autocrine TNF-α production. Apart from TNF-α mRNA expression, several other proinflammatory cytokines were constitutively expressed in malignant and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL8, and M-CSF. TNF-α treatment further induced these cytokines with de novo transcription of IL-6 mRNA contrasting with the increased stability of CCL2 mRNA. RNA interference directed against TNF-α was highly effective in abolishing constitutive IL-6 production by ovarian tumor cells. In summary, we show that TNF-α is differentially regulated in ovarian cancer cells compared with untransformed cells and modulates production of several cytokines that may promote ovarian tumorigenesis. Infliximab treatment may have a role in suppressing the TNF-α-driven inflammatory response associated with ovarian cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(2):382-90]
Appendix C. CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWL TEAM REPORT

We conducted a two-part analysis to assess the effects of SPLATs on California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). First, we performed a retrospective analysis using 20 years of demographic data collected at 74 spotted owl territories that included the Last Chance Study Area (LCSA) and the nearby Eldorado Study Area (ESA). This approach deviated from our original plan to directly estimate the effects of SPLATs on spotted owls at Last Chance using a Before-After Control-Impact experimental design, similar to the approach used by some of the other SNAMP Science Teams. The revised approach was necessary because too few owls were present on the LCSA and the delay in implementing the Last Chance fuels-reduction project resulted in only one year of post-treatment data collection. As a result, we needed to spatially and temporally expand the retrospective analysis to achieve sufficient power to detect changes in owl demographic parameters (Popescu et al. 2012). The drawback to our revised approach was that we could no longer specifically estimate the effects of SPLATs on owls because many different types of timber harvest, as well as wildfire and forest succession, occurred within owl territories during our study period (1993-2012). Second, we performed a prospective analysis (30 years into the future) of the effects of SPLATs and wildfire on spotted owl habitat and demography within the LCSA only. This analysis represented our integration effort with the The retrospective analysis has been published in a peer-reviewed journal (Tempel et al. 2014), and we have reproduced this paper in the first section of this appendix. We assessed the effects of forest conditions, timber harvest, and wildfire on spotted owl reproduction, non-juvenile survival, and territory occupancy using the previously mentioned 20-year data set. All habitat and timber harvest variables that we extracted from our vegetation maps were time-varying and could change annually because of natural disturbance, timber harvest, or regrowth. We categorized timber harvest into three broad categories for analytical purposes—low-intensity, medium-intensity, and high-intensity. The classification scheme was based on the expected change in forest structure and was developed after consultation with three local forest managers who were naïve to the objectives of our study. SPLATs and other U.S. Forest Service treatments conducted prior to the adoption of SPLATs were considered to be medium-intensity harvests. Adult survival and territory colonization were relatively high, while territory extinction was relatively low, in territories that had greater amounts of high-canopy-cover forest (≥70% …
A risk based economical approach for evaluating software project portfolios

Software engineers have been applying economical concepts to shed light upon the value-related aspects of software development processes. Based on credit risk analysis concepts, we present an approach to estimate the probability distribution of losses and earnings that can be incurred by a software development organization according to its software project portfolio. Such approach is built upon an analogy that compares software projects to unhedged loans issued to unreliable borrowers. As loans may not be paid back, software projects may fail, leading their development organizations to losses. By applying this approach, an organization may estimate the variability of its expected profits related to a set of software projects. Initial calibrating data were acquired by accomplishing an experimental study.
Teaching Psychotherapy to Psychoanalytic Candidates

Psychoanalytic institutes have developed a variety of approaches to address the reality that psychoanalytically trained clinicians generally practice more psychodynamic psychotherapy than they do formal psychoanalysis. At the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research we developed a course for advanced candidates challenging them to integrate what they have learned about doing psychoanalysis during training with their ongoing fund of knowledge about psychotherapy practice. We encourage them to consider how they select treatments and to reflect on similarities and differences between the two modalities with regard to listening, selecting a focus, intervening, and managing the relationship. We also discuss how they approach terminations and how they transition between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. We selectively use the psychotherapy research literature grounded in the common factors approach in order to update candidates about current knowledge in the field.
Effect of 60 Hz electromagnetic fields on the activity of hsp70 promoter: an in vivo study

Exposure to EMFs (electromagnetic fields) results in a number of important biological changes, including modification of genetic expression. We have investigated the effect of 60 Hz sinusoidal EMFs at a magnetic flux density of 80 μT on the expression of the luciferase gene contained in a plasmid labelled as pEMF (EMF plasmid). This gene construct contains the specific sequences for the induction of hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70) expression by EMFs, as well as the reporter for the luciferase gene. The pEMF vector was electrotransferred into quadriceps muscles of BALB/c mice that were later exposed to EMFs. Increased luciferase expression was observed in mice exposed to EMFs 2 h daily for 7 days compared with controls (P<0.05). These data along with other reports in the literature suggest that EMFs can have far-reaching effects on the genome.
Monitoring Crack Changes in Concrete Structures

Abstract: This study proposes a crack‐monitoring system to quantify the change of cracks from multitemporal images during the monitoring period. A series of images were taken from an off‐the‐shelf digital camera. Concrete cracks were extracted from the digital images by employing a series of image‐processing techniques. The image coordinates and orientation of same cracks can be changed since the position and direction of the portable camera vary at every exposure time. To monitor the crack changes (width and length), it is critical to transform the image coordinates of cracks extracted from each image into the same object coordinates of the concrete surface. In this study, such a geometric relationship was automatically recovered using the two‐dimensional (2D) projective transformation based on the modified iterated Hough transform (MIHT) algorithm, the result of which solved the transformation parameters. To improve the computational operation of MIHT, regions of parameter estimation were also investigated. The developed algorithms were applied to monitor the crack of the concrete specimen. As a result, the change of cracks on the concrete specimen was successfully detected and accurately quantified.
Requirement for Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Protein 3 in Coupling Phospholipase C-γ2 to Ras in B Cell Receptor Signaling

Two important Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Son of sevenless (Sos) and Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP), have been implicated in controlling Ras activation when cell surface receptors are stimulated. To address the specificity or redundancy of these exchange factors, we have generated Sos1/Sos2 double- or RasGRP3-deficient B cell lines and determined their ability to mediate Ras activation upon B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation. The BCR requires RasGRP3; in contrast, epidermal growth factor receptor is dependent on Sos1 and Sos2. Furthermore, we show that BCR-induced recruitment of RasGRP3 to the membrane and the subsequent Ras activation are significantly attenuated in phospholipase C-γ2–deficient B cells. This defective Ras activation is suppressed by the expression of RasGRP3 as a membrane-attached form, suggesting that phospholipase C-γ2 regulates RasGRP3 localization and thereby Ras activation.
An Investigation of Problematic Internet Usage Behaviors on Turkish University Students

This research aims at examining the relationships between problematic internet usage (PIU) behavior and some demographic information and qualifications related to internet use of Turkish university students. The research was conducted with 2084 university students. Data was collected by means of Problematic Internet Usage Scale (Ceyhan, Ceyhan & Gurcan, 2007) and a questionnaire. The findings indicate that the males’ PIU levels were significantly higher than females. Individuals’ PIU levels did not reveal a significant difference in terms of the length of the regular internet usage time and grade groups. In terms of pairwise comparisons of CumGPA groups, only the less successful group (0-1.99) had significantly higher PIU level than the more successful group (3.004.00). The more the individuals’ average weekly usage span of internet increased, the more the PIU levels raised. Individuals’ PIU levels also differentiated significantly according to competence levels regarding internet usage and primary reasons to use internet.
An Atlas of Predicted Exotic Gravitational Lenses

Wide-field optical imaging surveys will contain tens of thou sands of new strong gravitational lenses. Some of these will have new and unusual image configurations, and so will enable new applications: for example, systems with high image multiplicity will allow more detailed study of galaxy and group mass distributions, while high magnification is needed to super-resolve the faintest objects in the high redshift uni verse. Inspired by a set of six unusual lens systems [including five selected from the Sloan Le ns ACS (SLACS) and Strong Lensing Legacy (SL2S) surveys, plus the cluster Abell 1703], we consider several types of multi-component, physically-motivated lens potentials, and use the ray-tracing code GLAMROC to predict exotic image configurations. We also investigate the effects of galaxy source profile and size, and use realistic sources to predict observ able magnifications and estimate very approximate relative cross-sections. We find that lens galaxies with misaligned disks and bulges produce swallowtail and butterfly catastrophes, obs ervable as “broken” Einstein rings. Binary or merging galaxies show elliptic umbilic catastrophes, leading to an unusual Y-shaped configuration of 4 merging images. While not the maximum magnification configuration possible, it offers the possibility of mapping the local small- scale mass distribution. We estimate the approximate abundance of each of these exotic galaxy-scale lenses to be� 1 per all-sky survey. In higher mass systems, a wide range of caustic structures are expected, as already seen in many cluster lens systems. We interpret the central ring and its counter-image in Abell 1703 as a “hyperbolic umbilic” configuration, with total mag nification � 100 (depending on source size). The abundance of such configurations is also es timated to be � 1 per all-sky survey.