Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cultured pulmonary macrophages and blood lymphocytes from lung cancer patients.

The in vitro induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was measured in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 cigarette smokers with primary lung cancer and 15 smokers with a variety of nonneoplastic pulmonary diseases. Enzyme levels were measured in cells cultured with or without the inducer benzanthracene. For both induced and noninduced cultures, there were no differences in mean levels of cultured macrophage or lymphocyte enzyme activity between noncancer and lung cancer patients. Absolute levels and fold induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured macrophages and lymphocytes from individual noncancer patients were positively correlated [noninduced ( r = 0.640, p 0.3), induced ( r = 0.306, p > 0.3), and fold induction ( r = -0.625, p < 0.02)]. Comparison of enzyme activity in macrophages freshly lavaged from the lung and benzanthracene-induced activity in cultured macrophages revealed a positive correlation for both noncancer ( r = 0.865, p < 0.005) and lung cancer ( r = 0.971; p < 0.001) patients. Similarly, comparison of enzyme activity in fresh macrophages and fold induction values in cultured macrophages was also well correlated for both groups of patients ( r = 0.876, p < 0.001 for non-cancer patients; r = 0.908, p < 0.001 for lung cancer patients). Multivariant analysis of enzyme characteristics in several tissues may be useful in lung cancer diagnosis and in assessment of lung cancer risk. However, the use of a single tissue such as lymphocytes for evaluation of the relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cancer susceptibility is questionable.
Are There Increasing Returns to Local Concentration of Skills? Evidence on Wages and Returns to Education in Transition

According to recent economic-geography theories, increasing economic integration (openness to trade and foreign investment) may lead to regional divergence within countries based on region-specific initial advantage in terms of the education of its workers. A related strand of empirical literature attempts to measure spatial (regional) externalities (spillovers) from human capital, i.e. the positive effect that one’s own education may have on those working in the same local labor market. (Note that human capital spillovers are the main rationale for government support of education.) It is difficult, however, to separate the effect of regional human capital concentration on economic outcomes from the reverse causality (of regional economic shocks affecting human capital endowment). An important source of exogenous variation in local skill level used in the U.S literature is the historical presence of colleges. This paper argues that the recent experience of post-communist economies, and of the Czech Republic in particular, provides a useful case for asking about the importance of local concentration of human capital for regional divergence. First, these countries underwent massive reallocation of production and the transition process involved dramatic skill upgrading as well as increasing international integration manifested, e.g., in large inflows of foreign direct investment. Second, as I document using the case of the Czech Republic, these economies inherited from communism an extensive spatial variation in skill endowments. To a large extent, this variation can be traced to the establishment of a college before and during the communist era, which is argued to be exogenous to the post-communist market demand shocks. This paper therefore asks about the existence of human capital spillovers at the district (NUTS4) level in the Czech Republic: Do educated workers have higher wages as of 2001 if they are working with or near other educated workers? The paper also estimates Czech local returns to education and relates them to relative skill supply. The data provide no direct evidence in support of education spillovers but the results are consistent with a substantial tendency of skill-intensive firms to locate in areas relatively abundant in skilled labor. Variation in local education levels is the key to persistent regional differences in unemployment, but this may not be of policy concern. Future research should assess the potential presence of barriers to accessing higher education in regions with no colleges and universities.
Nitrogen starvation affects bacterial adhesion to soil

One of the main factors limiting the bioremediation of subsoil environments based on bioaugmentation is the transport of selected microorganisms to the contaminated zones. The characterization of the physiological responses of the inoculated microorganisms to starvation, especially the evaluation of characteristics that affect the adhesion of the cells to soil particles, is fundamental to anticipate the success or failure of bioaugmentation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen starvation on cell surface hydrophobicity and cell adhesion to soil particles by bacterial strains previously characterized as able to use benzene, toluene or xilenes as carbon and energy sources. The strains LBBMA 18-T (non-identified), Arthrobacter aurescens LBBMA 98, Arthrobacter oxydans LBBMA 201, and Klebsiella sp. LBBMA 204–1 were used in the experiments. Cultivation of the cells in nitrogen-deficient medium caused a significant reduction of the adhesion to soil particles by all the four strains. Nitrogen starvation also reduced significantly the strength of cell adhesion to the soil particles, except for Klebsiella sp. LBBMA 204–1. Two of the four strains showed significant reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity. It is inferred that the efficiency of bacterial transport through soils might be potentially increased by nitrogen starvation.
IGF2BP1 promotes mesenchymal cell properties and migration of tumor-derived cells by enhancing the expression of LEF1 and SNAI2 (SLUG)

The oncofetal IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) controls the migration and invasiveness of primary as well as tumor-derived cells in vitro. Whether the protein also modulates epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), a hallmark of tumor progression involved in tumor cell dissemination, remained elusive. In this study, we reveal that IGF2BP1 enhances mesenchymal-like cell properties in tumor-derived cells by promoting the expression of the transcriptional regulators LEF1 and SLUG (SNAI2). IGF2BP1 associates with LEF1 transcripts and prevents their degradation in a 3′-UTR-dependent manner resulting in an upregulation of LEF1 expression. LEF1 promotes transcription of the mesenchymal marker fibronectin by associating with the fibronectin 1 promoter. Moreover, LEF1 enforces the synthesis of the ‘EMT-driving’ transcriptional regulator SNAI2. Accordingly, IGF2BP1 knockdown causes MET-like (mesenchymal-epithelial-transition) morphological changes, enhances the formation of cell–cell contacts and reduces cell migration in various mesenchymal-like tumor-derived cells. However, in epithelial-like tumor-derived cells characterized by a lack or low abundance of IGF2BP1, the protein fails to induce EMT. These findings identify IGF2BP1 as a pro-mesenchymal post-transcriptional determinant, which sustains the synthesis of ‘EMT-driving’ transcriptional regulators, mesenchymal markers and enhances tumor cell motility. This supports previous reports, suggesting a role of IGF2BP1 in tumor cell dissemination.
LODIE: Linked Open Data for Web-scale Information Extraction

This work analyzes research gaps and challenges for Web-scale Information Extraction and foresees the usage of Linked Open Data as a ground-breaking solution for the ﬁeld. The paper presents a novel methodology for Web scale Information Extraction which will be the core of the LODIE project (Linked Open Data Information Extraction). LODIE aims to develop Information Extraction techniques able to (i) scale at web level and (ii) adapt to user information need. We argument that for the ﬁrst time in the history of IE this will be possible given the availability of Linked Data, a very large-scale information resource, providing annotated data on a growing number of domains.
High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry

This paper describes a passive stereo system for capturing the 3D geometry of a face in a single-shot under standard light sources. The system is low-cost and easy to deploy. Results are submillimeter accurate and commensurate with those from state-of-the-art systems based on active lighting, and the models meet the quality requirements of a demanding domain like the movie industry. Recovered models are shown for captures from both high-end cameras in a studio setting and from a consumer binocular-stereo camera, demonstrating scalability across a spectrum of camera deployments, and showing the potential for 3D face modeling to move beyond the professional arena and into the emerging consumer market in stereoscopic photography. Our primary technical contribution is a modification of standard stereo refinement methods to capture pore-scale geometry, using a qualitative approach that produces visually realistic results. The second technical contribution is a calibration method suited to face capture systems. The systemic contribution includes multiple demonstrations of system robustness and quality. These include capture in a studio setup, capture off a consumer binocular-stereo camera, scanning of faces of varying gender and ethnicity and age, capture of highly-transient facial expression, and scanning a physical mask to provide ground-truth validation.
Modelling direct perceptual constraints on action selection: The Naming and Action Model (NAM)

There is increasing experimental and neuropsychological evidence that action selection is directly constrained by perceptual information from objects as well as by more abstract semantic knowledge. To capture this evidence, we develop a new connectionist model of action and name selection from objects — NAM (Naming and Action Model), based on the idea that action selection is determined by convergent input from both visual structural descriptions and abstract semantic knowledge. We show that NAM is able to simulate evidence for a direct route to action selection from both normal subjects (Experiments 1 and 2) and neuropsychological patients (Experiments 3-6). The model provides a useful framework for understanding how perceptual knowledge influences action selection.
Invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 Are Not Host-Restricted and Have an Invasive Phenotype in Experimentally Infected Chickens

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Sequence Type (ST) 313 is a major cause of invasive non-Typhoidal salmonellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. No animal reservoir has been identified, and it has been suggested that ST313 is adapted to humans and transmission may occur via person-to-person spread. Here, we show that ST313 cause severe invasive infection in chickens as well as humans. Oral infection of chickens with ST313 isolates D23580 and Q456 resulted in rapid infection of spleen and liver with all birds infected at these sites by 3 days post-infection. In contrast, the well-defined ST19 S. Typhimurium isolates F98 and 4/74 were slower to cause invasive disease. Both ST19 and ST313 caused hepatosplenomegaly, and this was most pronounced in the ST313-infected animals. At 3 and 7 days post-infection, colonization of the gastrointestinal tract was lower in birds infected with the ST313 isolates compared with ST19. Histological examination and expression of CXCL chemokines in the ileum showed that both D23580 (ST313) and 4/74 (ST19) strains caused increased CXCL expression at 3 days post-infection, and this was significantly higher in the ileum of D23580 vs 4/74 infected birds. At 7 days post-infection, reduced chemokine expression occurred in the ileum of the D23580 but not 4/74-infected birds. Histological analysis showed that D23580 infection resulted in rapid inflammation and pathology including villous flattening and fusion at 3 days post-infection, and subsequent resolution by 7 days. In contrast, 4/74 induced less inflammation and pathology at 3 days post-infection. The data presented demonstrate that ST313 is capable of causing invasive disease in a non-human host. The rapid invasive nature of infection in the chicken, coupled with lower gastrointestinal colonization, supports the hypothesis that ST313 is a distinct pathovariant of S. Typhimurium that has evolved to become a systemic pathogen that can cause disease in several hosts.
Macrophages/Microglia -Induced CD40 Gene Expression in γ IL-4-Activated STAT-6 Inhibits IFN-

Vince T. Nguyen and Etty N. Benvenistehttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/165/11/6235J Immunol€2000; 165:6235-6243; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/165/11/6235.full#ref-list-1This article cites 64 articles, 33 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Non-LTE Model Atmosphere Analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supersoft X-Ray Source CAL 83

We present a non-LTE (NLTE) model atmosphere analysis of Chandra High Resolution Camera (HRC-S) and Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) and XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectroscopy of the prototypical supersoft source CAL 83 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Taken with a 16 month interval, the Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra are very similar. They reveal a very rich absorption-line spectrum from the hot white dwarf photosphere but no spectral signatures of a wind. We also report a third X-ray off-state during a later Chandra observation, demonstrating the recurrent nature of CAL 83. Moreover, we found evidence of short-timescale variability in the soft X-ray spectrum. We completed the analysis of the LETG and RGS spectra of CAL 83 with new NLTE line-blanketed model atmospheres that explicitly include 74 ions of the 11 most abundant species. We successfully matched the Chandra and XMM-Newton spectra assuming a model composition with LMC metallicity. We derived the basic stellar parameters of the hot white dwarf, but the current state of atomic data in the soft X-ray domain precludes a detailed chemical analysis. We have obtained the first direct spectroscopic evidence that the white dwarf is massive (MWD ≳ 1 M☉). The short timescale of the X-ray off-states is consistent with a high white dwarf mass. Our analysis thus provides direct support for supersoft sources as likely progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia).
First laboratory measurements of seismo‐magnetic conversions in fluid‐filled Fontainebleau sand

Seismic wave propagation in fluid‐filled porous materials induces electromagnetic effects due to small relative pore‐fluid motions. In order to detect the seismo‐magnetic couplings theoretically predicted by Pride (1994), we have designed a small‐scale experiment in a low‐noise underground laboratory which presents exceptional electromagnetic shielding conditions. Our experiment included accelerometers, electric dipoles and induction magnetometers to characterize the seismo‐electromagnetic propagation phenomena. To assess the electrokinetic origin of the measured electric and magnetic fields, we compared records obtained in dry and fluid‐filled sand. Extra care has been taken to ensure the mechanical decoupling between the sand column and the magnetometers to avoid spurious vibrations of the magnetometers and misinterpretations of the recorded signals. Our results show that seismo‐electric and seismo‐magnetic signals are associated with different wave propagation modes, thus emphasizing the electrokinetic origin of these effects.
VALUING CHANGES IN MORBIDITY: WTP VERSUS COI MEASURE

This paper uses economic theory to examine behavior to mitigate adverse health effects and to compare cost of illness (COI) and willingness to pay (WTP) measures of damages. It also provides estimates of conceptually correct WTP economic benefit measures for changes in asthma severity. These WTP measures are compared to COI measures, variations of which are frequently used to value changes in adverse health symptoms. Consistency checks on these WTP estimates, obtained through a contingent valuation bidding approach, are developed and discussed.
The Functions of Java Bytecode

Java bytecode provides a portable representation for programs that allows executable content to be embedded in web pages, transferred across a network, and executed on a remote user's machine. Features like these provide many new opportunities for developers, but special precautions must be taken to protect users from badly-behaved programs, which might otherwise destroy valuable data or compromise their privacy. To avoid such problems, bytecode programs from untrusted sources must be veriied before they are used. If a program passes, then it should be well-behaved, and should not be able to subvert the other security mechanisms of the Java platform. However, if a program fails, then it will be rejected. Clearly, to be sure that it is eeective, we need a precise way to understand bytecode veriication. This paper describes the main features of a formal speciication for Java bytecode that allows us to reason about the correctness of Java implementations , and to guarantee safety properties of veriied bytecode. The key to our approach is to model individual bytecode instructions, and their compositions , as appropriately typed functions in a fairly standard functional language. This gives us a exible way to build up and extend the instruction set. In addition, it enables us to describe bytecode veriication as a well-understood form of type inference, which guarantees that execution of veriied programs will not \go wrong. "
Presentation of HIV-associated nephropathy and outcome in HAART-treated patients.

BACKGROUND Among the numerous renal diseases observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of our study was to describe the presentation and outcome of HIVAN in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS We analysed clinical features and outcome of 57 patients with histologically proven HIVAN diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 in four teaching hospitals in Paris, France. RESULTS This series was characterized by median age of 41 years (18-58), frequent African origin (87%), severe renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20 mL/min/1.73m(2) (1-68)], high-grade proteinuria [4.1 g/day (0.6-16.8)], high proportion of sclerotic glomeruli [31.5% (0-95)], high HIV load [4.5 log copies/mL (0-6.7)] and low CD4+ count [127/mm(3) (3-713)]. Nevertheless, a non-negligible proportion of patients did not present with these typical features. Follow-up data were available for 51 patients. ESRD occurred in 30 patients (58.8%). Median renal survival was 40 months. Baseline characteristics significantly associated with ESRD were as follows: severity of renal dysfunction, percentage of sclerotic glomeruli, time from HIV infection to HIVAN diagnosis longer than 1 year and prior exposure to antiretroviral drugs. There was an insignificant trend towards better renal outcome being associated with viral suppression during follow-up. Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers was associated with higher renal survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite HAART, HIVAN led to ESRD in more than half of the cases. Early recognition of the disease is crucial to start HAART and RAS blockers before irreversible renal injury.
An Investigation into the Geometry of Seyfert Galaxies

We present a new method for the statistical investigation into the distributions of the angle β between the radio axis and the normal to the galactic disk for a sample of Seyfert galaxies. We discuss how further observations of the sample galaxies can strengthen the conclusions. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) jets are oriented randomly in space, independent of the position of the plane of the galaxy. By making the simple assumption that the standard model of AGNs holds, with a universal opening angle of the thick torus of ϕc, we demonstrate a statistical method to obtain an estimate of ϕc. Our data are not consistent with the simple-minded idea that Seyfert 1s and Seyfert 2s are differentiated solely by whether or not our line of sight lies within some fixed angle of the jet axis. Our result is significant on the 2 σ level and can thus be considered only suggestive, not conclusive. A complete sample of Seyfert galaxies selected on an isotropic property is required to obtain a conclusive result.
Practical Optical Fault Injection on Secure Microcontrollers

In this paper we detail the latest developments regarding optical fault injection on secure micro controllers. On these targets, a combination of countermeasures makes fault injection less than trivial. We develop fault injection methods to show experimentally that protected smart cards are still vulnerable. We perform power signal guided fault injection, using a triggering mechanism based on real-time pattern recognition. Furthermore, the use of jitter-free diode lasers shows current countermeasures may be inadequate for the near future.
Nonlinear sliding mode observers for fault reconstruction and state estimations

In this paper, we shall examine the design of sliding mode observers for Lipschitz nonlinear systems for state and faults/unknown input estimations. The robust terms or the switching terms are designed such that the faults are tracked by their robust terms and so can be reconstructed from the sliding mode. The stability condition for the reduced order system is analyzed and the feedback gain is designed such that the reduced order system is stable. An application example to robotic manipulator is examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reconstruction of unknown inputs/faults.
Challenges for agile development of large systems in the aviation industry

The current challenges of the aviation industry call for the development of new and revolutionary aircraft concepts. In general, the task of developing new aircraft is risky and an extremely complex task, and aircraft manufacturers seek to control this complexity by adopting an evolutionary approach. Introducing new ways of controlling this complexity has the potential benefit of reducing the risk associated with aircraft development and enabling the development of revolutionary aircraft. One such new way is based on the application of agile principles. This paper discusses the application of agile principles on aircraft development processes to eliminate to a certain degree the involved complexity of conventional aircraft development processes.
Engel subalgebras of Leibniz algebras

Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that a left Leibniz algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are right ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive Leibniz algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal and that all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.