Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physically‐based Dye Advection for Flow Visualization

Dye advection is widely used in experimental flow analysis but has seen less use for visualization in computational fluid dynamics. One possible reason for this disconnect is the inaccuracy of the texture‐based approach, which is prone to artifacts caused by numeric diffusion and mass fluctuation. In this paper, we introduce a novel 2D dye advection scheme for flow visualization based on the concept of control volume analysis typically used in computational fluid dynamics. The evolution of dye patterns in the flow field is achieved by advecting individual control volumes, which collectively cover the entire spatial domain. The local variation of dye material, represented as a piecewise quasi‐parabolic function, is integrated within each control volume resulting in mass conserving transport without excessive numerical diffusion. Due to its physically based formulation, this approach is capable of conveying intricate flow structures not shown in the traditional dye advection schemes while avoiding visual artifacts.
Global Finance and Urban Living: A Study of Metropolitan Change.

This incisive inter-disciplinary text provides a major contribution to the study of finance capital and the metropolis. It is the first authoritative account of the momentous changes in the organisation of finance capital that occurred in the 1980s. But it never contents itself with a mere record of events. Changes in finance are scrupulously and consistently related to changes in urban forms, notably metropolitan lifestyles and aesthetics.
Breath ammonia and ethanol increase in response to a high protein challenge

Abstract Quantifying changes in ammonia and ethanol in blood and body fluid assays in response to food is cumbersome. We used breath analysis of ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen (an accepted standard of gut transit) and acetone to investigate gastrointestinal physiology. In 30 healthy participants, we measured each metabolite serially over 6 h in control and high protein trials. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA compared treatment (control versus intervention), change from baseline to maximum and interaction of treatment and time change. Interaction was significant for ammonia (p < 0.0001) and hydrogen (p < 0.0001). We describe the dynamic measurement of multiple metabolites in response to an oral challenge.
Investigación Y Educación En Enfermería Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Professors from a Public University Leonice Aparecida Doimo 4 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Professors from a Public University

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in professors from a public university Article linked to research: Prevalência dos fatores de risco coronariano em professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa Conflicts of interests: none. et al. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in professors from a public university. Objective. To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among professors of a public university. and abdominal circumferences, in addition to total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results. A total of 71% were men, the average age of the men was higher than that of the women (46.9 versus 43.2 years old); half of the participants were overweight (46.9% were overweight and 9.0% were obese). Other factors were: 17.2% presented a waist-hip ratio at risk; 46.9% had greater than normal abdominal circumference; 4.0% presented high total cholesterol, 20.2% high triglycerides, 4.8% of the individuals presented abnormal glucose metabolism; and 16.6% were hypertensive. In comparison with men, women presented lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal, hip and waist circumferences. There was a trend of increased waist/hip and abdominal circumferences, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure as individuals aged. Conclusion. The college professors addressed in this study present important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Hence, prevention and control measures need to be implemented in order to reduce the problem, a process in which nursing professionals play a key role in the achievement of success. Factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en profesores de una universidad pública Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in professors from a public university 145 profesores de la Universidad Federal de Viçosa-MG (UFV), en 2010. Las variables analizas fueron necessário implementar medidas de prevenção e controle para a redução desta problemática, nas quais Enfermagem é importante para seu sucesso.
The Wnt Co-receptor LRP5 Is Essential for Skeletal Mechanotransduction but Not for the Anabolic Bone Response to Parathyroid Hormone Treatment*

The cell surface receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a key regulator of bone mass. Loss-of-function mutations in LRP5 cause the human skeletal disease osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely reduced bone mass and strength. We investigated the role of LRP5 on bone strength using mice engineered with a loss-of-function mutation in the gene. We then tested whether the osteogenic response to mechanical loading was affected by the loss of Lrp5 signaling. Lrp5-null (Lrp5-/-) mice exhibited significantly lower bone mineral density and decreased strength. The osteogenic response to mechanical loading of the ulna was reduced by 88 to 99% in Lrp5-/- mice, yet osteoblast recruitment and/or activation at mechanically strained surfaces was normal. Subsequent experiments demonstrated an inability of Lrp5-/- osteoblasts to synthesize the bone matrix protein osteopontin after a mechanical stimulus. We then tested whether Lrp5-/- mice increased bone formation in response to intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH), a known anabolic treatment. A 4-week course of intermittent PTH (40 μg/kg/day; 5 days/week) enhanced skeletal mass equally in Lrp5-/- and Lrp5+/+ mice, suggesting that the anabolic effects of PTH do not require Lrp5 signaling. We conclude that Lrp5 is critical for mechanotransduction in osteoblasts. Lrp5 is a mediator of mature osteoblast function following loading. Our data suggest an important component of the skeletal fragility phenotype in individuals affected with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma is inadequate processing of signals derived from mechanical stimulation and that PTH might be an effective treatment for improving bone mass in these patients.
D-brane Field Theory on Compact Spaces

We consider Dirichlet p-branes in type II string theory on a space which has been toroidally compactified in d dimensions. We give an explicit construction of the field theory description of this system by putting a countably infinite number of copies of each brane on the noncompact covering space, and modding out the resulting gauge theory by Z d. The resulting theory is a gauge theory with graded fields corresponding to strings winding around the torus an arbitrary number of times. In accordance with T-duality, this theory is equivalent to the gauge theory for the dual system of (d + p)-branes wrapped around the compact directions, where the winding number is exchanged for momentum in the compact direction.
Wage Posting: Evidence from Job Ads (L’Annonce Du Salaire : Résultats À Partir Des Annonces D’Emplois)

Recent studies of search theory examine how employers use a wage-setting mechanism - either by bargaining or through the posting of a non-negotiable wage offer in a job ad - to facilitate search. We contribute to this literature by examining wage posting in job ads in the US, the UK, and Slovenia. Despite considerable differences in the incidence of wage posting, employers in all three markets are less likely to post a wage offer when searching for skilled workers. The decision on whether or not to post a wage offer is only weakly related to the outcomes of employers' search.
A psychopharmacological exploration of memory for emotional material

It is often assumed that emotional events are remembered in great clarity and detail. This thesis begins with a review of the literature on memory enhancement by emotional material. This enhancement may involve mechanisms that are psychologically and neurobiologically distinct from the mechanisms usually employed in memory for neutral material, such as modulation of consolidation by emotional arousal via noradrenaline action in the amygdala. Theoretically, pharmacological manipulation of noradrenaline by methylphenidate and benzodiazepines should affect the function of specialised ‘emotional memory’ mechanisms, altering the balance of emotional and neutral material remembered. A set of four double blind, placebo controlled experiments were designed to investigate this theory. Each was carried out with three groups of 16 healthy human volunteers. Experiment 1 produced some evidence that both 1.5mg lorazepam and 40mg methylphenidate reduced the mnemonic advantage of emotional sections of a story. Experiment 2 compared diazepam (15mg) with placebo and propranolol (80mg) (a p-blocker which has been reported to impair emotional memory) on two new tasks. Diazepam left implicit memory intact, but impaired explicit memory, particularly for emotional material. In Experiment 3 both diazepam (15mg) and methylphenidate (40mg) altered relative levels of recall for emotional and neutral pictures. In Experiment 4 diazepam (10mg) clearly impaired fear conditioning. However there was no evidence that diazepam (10mg) or methylphenidate (40mg) affected emotional memory during consolidation. Taken together these studies provide evidence for a pharmacological dissociation of fear conditioning and perceptual priming. There was some evidence that benzodiazepines disproportionately impaired explicit emotional memory. However these effects were subtle. Methylphenidate increased the relative amount of emotional material retained on some measures, and decreased or left it unchanged in others. This may be due to differing levels of arousal. A central issue throughout the thesis was the difficulty of separating the ‘emotional memory’ mechanism from other co-occurring mnemonic properties of emotional stimuli. These may mask effects of the pharmacological manipulations that would be informative to any theory of ‘emotional memory’.
Serum deprivation induces apoptotic cell death in a subset of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts.

Little is known about the regulation of apoptosis in fibroblasts although several model systems including serum deprivation and treatment with staurosporine or topoisomerase inhibitors have been used to induce apoptosis in vitro. To validate a reproducible in vitro model for the study of apoptosis in fibroblasts, we cultured density-inhibited monolayer cultures of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts in Dulbecco's modified essential medium plus 15% fetal calf serum and then withdrew serum. Time-lapse video microscopy demonstrated that within minutes of serum withdrawal, cells lost substrate attachment and floated to the top of the liquid growth medium. There was a time-dependent increase in the number of non-adherent cells. Some of these cells regained attachment and spread momentarily, but they eventually rounded up and lost attachment permanently. In contrast to serum-containing cultures in which similar morphological changes were followed by mitosis, in serum-free cultures repeated attempts at mitosis were followed by permanent attachment loss and presumably cell death. To assess whether all the non-adherent cells were in fact dead, the percentages of cells that continued to proliferate upon return to serum-supplemented conditions was computed. After various periods of serum starvation a decreasing proportion (approx. 75% at 30 minutes; < 2% at 24 hours) of the non-adherent cells could be rescued by addition of serum. Transmission electron microscopy of cells 3 hours after serum withdrawal showed that the majority (approximately 60%) of non-adherent cells exhibited marked intranuclear chromatin condensation but maintained integrity of cell and nuclear membranes and cell organelles, morphological changes consistent with those of apoptotic cell death. Scanning electron microscopy of cultures 3 hours following serum withdrawal showed rounded cells with marked surface blebbing. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed increased intensity of nuclear staining with DAPI while actin filaments became indistinct or collapsed around the nucleus. After cycloheximide treatment to inhibit protein synthesis, there was no reduction of apoptosis. Gel electrophoresis of DNA from both control and 3 hour-serum-deprived cells showed intact DNA with no oligonucleosomal length fragmentation. After serum withdrawal, intracellular calcium was reduced by about 32% over 5 minutes as measured by fura2 ratio fluorimetry in single cells. Serum-starved cells showed a time-dependent shrinkage in mean cell diameter compared to trypsinized, adherent control cells (at 0 hours, mean diameter = 18.0 microns--viable; at 4 hours, mean diameter = 15.5 microns--apoptotic). Flow cytometric analysis showed increased propidium iodide staining and reduced fluorescein diacetate uptake over 3 hours, changes that were contemporaneous with the reduction of cell diameter. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Links between Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood, Negative Affect and Social Connectedness in Early Adolescence, and BMI in Early Adulthood

ii Acknowledgments iii List of Tables vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Early Peer Relationship Experiences 2 Mediators of Links Between Early Peer Social Experiences and Subsequent BMI . 5 The Current Study 8 Chapter 2: Review of Literature 9 The Prevalence of Obesity and Concerns About Associated Health Problems 10 Importance of Understanding Factors Contributing to Obesity and Weight-Related Problems References 17 Interpersonal Relationship Factors as Contributors to Obesity Development 17 Childhood Peer Relationships as a Contributor to Developmental Outcomes 18 Unique Contributions of Peer Relationship Domains 23 Potential Mediating Links between Childhood Peer Problems and Young Adult BMI 31 Potential Direct Links between Childhood Peer Problems and Young Adult BMI 42 Goals of the Present Study 44 Chapter 3: Method 45 Participants and Overview 45
Detection of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and α-synuclein in spinal cord of patients with Alzheimer’s disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the neuropathological features of the spinal cord in patients suffering with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Spinal cord tissue collected from three AD patients and eight controls was selected for the study. Data were collected at T2, T8, T10, L4, and S2 spinal levels. The sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and Gallyas–Braak staining methods and then were immunostained with antibodies such as phosphorylated tau protein (AT8), α-synuclein, Aβ, amyloid precursor protein, ubiquitin, and TDP-43. Pathological changes exhibited by the biomarkers were detected by microscopy. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were detectable in spinal anterior horn motor neurons in two of the three AD patients. AT8-positive axons or axon-like structures and AT8 expression in glial cells were detected in all three AD cases. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein was detected in spinal anterior horn cells, glial cells, and axons, and its severity was associated with NFTs in the brain tissue. α-Synuclein-positive Lewy bodies and scattered Lewy-like neuritis were detected in the medial horn of the thoracic spinal cord and ventral sacral gray matter, respectively, in one patient who had AD with Lewy bodies. Neither amyloid deposition nor amyloid precursor protein and TDP-43 expression was detected in the spinal cord of AD patients. Spinal cord of AD patients was observed to contain phosphorylated tau protein and α-synuclein immunoreactive structures, which may play a role in dyskinesia and autonomic dysfunction in advanced AD.
Concurrent validity of the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES-SR) in a non-clinical sample of South African adolescents

The concurrent criterion-related validity of the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES-SR) was examined in a cross-sectional study of 719 secondary school students attending a high school in Durban, South Africa. For purposes of analysis, exposure to complex developmental trauma was defined as exposure to either chronic (>1 month) and/or multiple incidents (5+ types) of interpersonal victimisation prior to the age of 18 years. A series of discriminant analyses indicated that 12 of the 45 items on the SIDES-SR (27%) did not significantly discriminate individuals who had been exposed to complex developmental trauma from those who had not, with the removal of these 12 items from the scale having no significant impact on estimates of the concurrent validity, sensitivity, or specificity of the SIDES-SR. These findings suggest that the SIDES-SR may be characterised by some degree of construct over-representation when applied to South African samples, with further research being indicated in order to not only replicate the present findings but also address the issue of construct under-representation in the South African context.
Differential Role of IFN-γ-Inducible Protein 10 kDa in a Cockroach Antigen-Induced Model of Allergic Airway Hyperreactivity: Systemic Versus Local Effects1

The ability of IFN-γ to antagonize established Th2 type allergic responses is well documented. To investigate the role of IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 kDa (IP10) in the allergic response, we chose to investigate the effect of IP10 neutralization on an established Th2 response. Systemic neutralization of IP10 at the time of allergen challenge increased airway hyperreactivity as well as airway eosinophil accumulation. Interestingly, IFN-γ levels were markedly reduced in both the lung and peripheral lymph node following IP10 neutralization. Furthermore, the number of CXCR3+CD4+ T cells was decreased in the peripheral lymph node following neutralization of IP10. Introduction of exogenous IP10 into the airway at the time of allergen challenge also dramatically increased eosinophil accumulation in the airway. Protein levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were significantly increased in the lung following exogenous airway administration of IP10 with allergen. Interestingly, airway hyperreactivity was significantly decreased at early time points following concurrent IP10 and allergen challenge but rebounded at 24 and 48 h post allergen challenge. Although IP10 may initially be acting locally to dampen the allergic response, its ability to recruit eosinophils may ultimately supersede any immunomodulatory effect it may have in an established allergic response. These results suggest that while systemic levels of IP10 are beneficial in controlling the allergic response, possibly by regulating cellular trafficking in the lymph node, local administration of exogenous IP10 into an established allergic response may be detrimental.
Effect of captopril and hydralazine on arterial pressure-urinary output relationships in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors are typically classified as peripheral vasodilators. We studied the effect of captopril and a known vasodilator, hydralazine, on arterial pressure-urinary output relationships in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats to determine whether these drugs produced similar changes in this relationship. Tail-cuff pressure and 24-hour urine output and sodium excretion were measured under steady state conditions during ingestion of tap water or saline (1% NaCl) ad libitum. Sodium intake increased seven to nine times when rats drank saline, but in the absence of drug treatment, tail-cuff pressure was not altered significantly (water, 213 +/- 3 vs saline, 220 +/- 5 mm Hg). Daily administration of captopril (100 mg/kg p.o.) or hydralazine (15 mg/kg p.o.) for 2 weeks lowered tail-cuff pressure significantly (175 +/- 3 and 166 +/- 3 mm Hg, respectively; p less than 0.01) while rats drank tap water. Continued administration of hydralazine plus 2 weeks of drinking saline did not alter tail-cuff pressure (162 +/- 4 mm Hg), but with the addition of saline during captopril treatment, tail-cuff pressure was elevated significantly (210 +/- 5 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Thus, hydralazine produced a parallel shift of the arterial pressure-urinary output relationship along the pressure axis. In contrast, captopril produced a marked change in the slope of this relationship, making arterial pressure extremely salt-sensitive. The results suggest that the two drugs have different effects on the mechanisms that contribute to the long-term control of arterial pressure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Anemia and Transfusion on Readmission and Length of Stay After Spinal Surgery: A Single-center Study of 1187 Operations.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine whether receipt of blood transfusion and preoperative anemia are associated with increased rates of 30-day all-cause readmission, and secondarily with a prolonged hospital stay after spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Increased focus on health care quality has led to efforts to determine postsurgical readmission rates and predictors of length of postoperative hospital stay. Although there are still no defined outcome measures specific to spinal surgery to which providers are held accountable, efforts to identify appropriate measures and to determine modifiable risk factors to optimize quality are ongoing. METHODS Records from 1187 consecutive spinal surgeries at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in 2010 were retrospectively reviewed and data were collected that described the patient, surgical procedure, hospital course, complications, and readmissions. Presence or absence of transfusion during the surgery and associated hospital course was treated as a binary variable. Multivariate negative binomial regression and logistic regression were used to model length of stay and readmission, respectively. RESULTS Nearly one fifth (17.8%) of surgeries received transfusions, and the overall readmission rate was 6.1%. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that the presence of a transfusion was associated with a 60% longer hospital stay [adjusted incidence rate ratio=1.60 (1.34-1.91), P<0.001], but was not significantly associated with an increased rate of readmission [adjusted odds ratio=0.81 (0.39-1.70), P=0.582]. Any degree of preoperative anemia was associated with increased length of stay, but only severe anemia was associated with an increased rate of readmission. CONCLUSIONS Both receipt of blood transfusion and any degree of preoperative anemia were associated with increased length of hospital stay after controlling for other variables. Severe anemia, but not receipt of blood transfusion, was associated with increased rate of readmission. Our findings may help define actions to reduce length of stay and decrease rates of readmission.