Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Factor Analysis of Teachers' Intervention Choices for Dealing with Students' Behavior and Learning Problems

The Elementary School Journal Volume 84, Number 2 ? 1983 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 001 3-5984/84/8402-0002$01.00 Although behavior problems are prevalent among America's school children, estimates of their frequency vary. The federal government acknowledges that approximately 2% of the school population has behavior problems (e.g., disruptiveness, disobedience, inattentiveness). Rubin and Balow (1971) surveyed classroom teachers and found that 41% of the children in that study had "educationally defined" behavior problems. As Rubin and Balow (1978, p. 103) indicated, "those who have investigated this topic through contact with parents, teachers, and children consistently report prevalence figures of school behavior problems that are anywhere from 10 to 30 times in excess of the
The Impact of a One-to-One Laptop Computer Program on the Literacy Achievement of Eighth-grade Students With Differing Measured Cognitive Skill Levels Who are Eligible and Not Eligible for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Program Participation

THE IMPACT OF A ONE-TO-ONE LAPTOP COMPUTER PROGRAM ON THE LITERACY ACHIEVEMENT OF EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS WITH DIFFERING MEASURED COGNITIVE SKILLS WHO ARE ELIGIBLE AND NOT ELIGIBLE FOR FREE OR REDUCED PRICE LUNCH PROGRAM PARTICIPATION Eric G. Weber M.Ed. University of Nebraska 2012 Advisor: Dr. John W. Hill The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a one-to-one laptop computer program on the literacy achievement of eighth-grade students with above average, average, and below average measured cognitive skill levels who are eligible and not eligible for free or reduced price lunch program participation. The study analyzed, student ability levels, grade point averages, performance on locally developed criterion referenced tests, and performance on national standardized achievement tests administered before and after students participated in a one-to-one laptop environment. The results of this study support the implementation of one-to-one laptop computer programs as a systematic intervention to improve achievement for above average ability (n = 12), average ability (n = 55), and below average ability (n = 13) students eligible for free or reduced price lunch program participation and above average ability (n = 63), average ability (n = 162), and below average ability (n = 11) students who are not eligible free or reduced price lunch program participation. Because statistically significant academic achievement improvement was identified for five of the six ability groupings
Development of Pre-Service Science Teachers' Awareness of Sustainable Water Use.

Water is a vital resource for sustainable development. The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate pre-service science teachers’ awareness of sustainable water usage. This research was based on a mixed method. The qualitative part of the research was based on a single group pretest-posttest experimental design, and the qualitative data were collected by open-ended questions. The quantitative data were obtained through the“Water Knowledge Test”,“Water Consumption Behavior Scale” and “Water Attitude Scale”, which were developed by the researcher. The study group consisted of 3rd year pre-service science teachers who were studying during the 2011-2012 academic year at Eskişehir Osmangazi University. Water education for the study group was provided by the researcher for 5 weeks. Quantitative data were analyzed using a t-test for dependent groups, and qualitative data were examined by descriptive analysis. Following the water awareness education, a significant difference was found in the pre-service science teachers’ water knowledge, water consumption behavior and attitudes toward water (p<.05). The results of the qualitative data showed that the majority of preservice science teachers had increased concerns about adequate water supply. Most of them experienced increased awareness and to use water more carefully. In addition, 24 of the 33 pre-service science teachers believed that future generations will experience water related problems in 20 or 30 years. The results showed that water education is effective in developing a level of water knowledge, and influencing pre-service science teachers’ water consumption behavior and attitudes toward water.
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the functional status of adult and older adult individuals with lower back pain . Methods: Eighty-three individuals were recruited, 42 older adults (20 with lower back pain and 22 control group) and 41 younger adults (21 with lower back pain and 20 control group). Functional capacity was assessed using the following tests: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS), six-minute walking test (SMWT), and sitting-rising test (SRT) . Results: In the younger adults, there was no difference in functional capacity between the groups (p>0.05). On the other hand, when statistical analysis was adjusted using body mass index (BMI) as a covariate, the lower back pain group performed more poorly on the SRT (p<0.004). Furthermore, poorer physical capacity was seen in the older adults with back pain via the SRT test (p=0.001), and when the BMI was adjusted, a statistical difference was seen in the SRT as well as the SMWT (p<0.05) . Conclusion: Older individuals with lower back pain have poorer physical performance, and the sitting-rising test is the most discerning for assessment of functional status in individuals with lower back pain. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Marginalization Among the Marginalized

Abstract Contemporary research has shown that a significant portion of gay men have traits, interests, occupations, and behaviors that are consistent with the stereotype of gay men as effeminate, androgynous, or unmasculine. A great number of gay men exhibit gender nonconformity during childhood; most, however, “defeminize” during adolescence, possibly in response to stigmatization and society's gender-role prescription. Only a relatively small percentage of gay men continue to be gender-nonconforming in their adulthood, often at a price, as they also tend to have lower psychological well-being. Although gay culture historically appreciated camp and drag, which subvert the gender-based power hierarchy and celebrate gender nonconformity, anti-effeminacy prejudice is widespread among gay men. Ironically, gender-nonconforming gay men may suffer from discrimination not only from society at large, but from other gay men, who are most likely to have experienced stigmatization and may have been effeminate earlier in their lives. Drawing from anecdotes and findings from various sources, this article suggests that beyond many gay men's erotic preference for masculinity lies contempt and hostility toward effeminacy and effeminate men on sociopolitical and personal levels. Two correlates of gay men's anti-effeminacy attitudes are proposed: (a) hegemonic masculinity ideology, or the degree to which one subscribes to the value system in which masculinity is an asset, and men and masculinity are considered superior to women and femininity; and (b) masculinity consciousness, or the saliency of masculinity in one's self-monitoring, public self-consciousness, and self-concept. These two variables are hypothesized to interact with gay men's self-perceived masculinity-femininity and their history of defeminization in predicting attitudes toward effeminacy. Research is underway to measure levels of anti-effeminacy attitudes and explore hypothesized correlates.
Dietary supplementation of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants: effects on cerebral maturation

Aim: To study the influence of dietary‐supplied long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on structural brain maturation in preterm infants and to investigate parameters of functional brain development, relating them to structural maturation. Other studies have suggested that dietary supplementation of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants may enhance their visual development. The influence on structural brain development has never been evaluated. Methods: In a prospective, double‐blind study, 42 formula‐fed premature infants were randomized to be fed either a standard preterm formula without long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids or an identical formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (0.015 g/100 ml) and arachidonic acid (0.031 g/100ml). Infants with significant cerebral damage, retinopathy, chronic disease or feeding problems were excluded. Follow‐up was focused on assessment of cerebral myelination by MRI. Psychomotor, mental and visual development was analysed and flash‐visual evoked potentials were recorded. Results: It was found that progress of myelination, mental and motor development and latencies of visual evoked potentials were not positively influenced by supplementation of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. At each test age, visual acuity was slightly better in the supplemented infants than in the non‐supplemented infants, but the difference never reached significance level
Site-Specific Mutational Analysis of a Novel Cysteine Motif Proposed To Ligate the 4Fe-4S Cluster in the Iron-Sulfur Flavoprotein of the Thermophilic MethanoarchaeonMethanosarcina thermophila

ABSTRACT Isf (iron-sulfur flavoprotein) from Methanosarcina thermophila has been produced in Escherichia coli as a dimer containing two 4Fe-4S clusters and two FMN (flavin mononucleotide) cofactors. The deduced sequence of Isf contains six cysteines (Cys 16, Cys 47, Cys 50, Cys 53, Cys 59, and Cys 180), four of which (Cys 47, Cys 50, Cys 53, and Cys 59) comprise a motif with high identity to a motif (CX2CX2CX4–7C) present in all homologous Isf sequences available in the databases. The spacing of the motif is highly compact and atypical of motifs coordinating known 4Fe-4S clusters; therefore, all six cysteines in Isf from M. thermophila were altered to either alanine or serine to obtain corroborating biochemical evidence that the motif coordinates the 4Fe-4S cluster and to further characterize properties of the cluster dependent on ligation. All except the C16S variant were produced in inclusion bodies and were void of iron-sulfur clusters and FMN. Reconstitution of the iron-sulfur cluster and FMN was attempted for each variant. The UV-visible spectra of all reconstituted variants indicated the presence of iron-sulfur clusters and FMN. The reduced C16A/S variants showed the same electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra as wild-type Isf, whereas the reduced C180A/S variants showed EPR spectra identical to those of one of the two 4Fe-4S species present in the wild-type Isf spectrum. Conversely, EPR spectra of the oxidized C50A and C59A variants showed g values characteristic of a 3Fe-4S cluster. The spectra of the C47A and C53A variants indicated a 4Fe-4S cluster with g values and linewidths different from those for the wild type. The combined results of this study support a role for the novel CX2CX2CX4–7C motif in ligating the 4Fe-4S clusters in Isf and Isf homologues.
The People They Know: Links Between Interpersonal Contexts and Adolescent Risky and Health-Promoting Behavior

This study examined (a) relations between multiple interpersonal contexts and sustained risky and health-promoting behavior over a 2-year period and (b) health care outcomes of this behavior. Two hundred and ninety 13- to 19-year olds completed 2 phone surveys assessing negative and positive behavior and risk and protective factors in multiple interpersonal contexts. Across context, constructs related to resources, interpersonal connection, and control emerged to predict positive and negative behavior. Adolescents engaging in sustained risky behavior used more health care and had higher expenditures than those who were not; youth engaging in sustained health-promoting behavior had fewer encounters with the health care system and were less costly than those who were not. Findings are discussed relevant to current research on adolescent behavior and policy for intervention and prevention.
The Effects of Dust in Simple Environments: Large Magellanic Cloud H II Regions

We investigate the effects of dust on Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) H II region spectral energy distributions using arcminute-resolution far-ultraviolet (FUV), Hα, far-infrared (FIR), and radio images. Widely used indicators of the amount of light lost to dust (attenuation) at Hα and in the FUV correlate with each other, although often with substantial scatter. There are two interesting systematic discrepancies: First, Hα attenuations estimated from the Balmer decrement are lower than those estimated from the Hα-to-thermal radio luminosity ratio. Our data, at this stage, cannot unambiguously identify the source of this discrepancy. Second, the attenuation at 1500 Å and the UV spectral slope, β, correlate, although the slope and scatter are substantially different from the correlation first derived for starbursting galaxies by Calzetti et al. Combining our result with those of Meurer et al. for ultraluminous infrared galaxies and Calzetti et al. for starbursting galaxies, we conclude that no single relation between β and 1500 Å attenuation is applicable to all star-forming systems.
Comparison of Dynamic (Brush) and Static (Pressure) Mechanical Allodynia in Migraine

Allodynia has been described in migraine but has not been fully investigated for the different sensory modalities. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dynamic (brush) and static (pressure) mechanical allodynia in migraine patients and to suggest a practical method of testing them in a clinical setting. Patients with International Headache Society-defined episodic migraine (EM) or with transformed migraine (TM) as defined by Silberstein and Lipton were prospectively recruited from the Jefferson Headache Center out-patient clinic. A questionnaire of migraine features and symptoms of allodynia was administered. Brush allodynia (BA) was tested by cutaneous stimulation with a gauze pad and pressure allodynia (PA) was tested using von Frey hairs (VFH). The prevalence of BA and PA in all patients and in the different subgroups was calculated and correlated with migraine features. We recruited 55 migraine patients. Twenty-five had EM and 30 had TM. BA was present in 18 (32.7±) patients and PA in 18–24 (32.7–43.6±). Allodynia to both brush and pressure was found in 13–17 (23.6–30.9±) patients. If a patient had allodynia to one modality only, it was more likely to be PA than BA. Both BA and PA were more common in patients with TM compared with those with EM [BA 46.7± vs. 16.0±; PA (differences significant for the medium and thick VFHs) 50± vs. 20± and 50± vs. 12±, respectively]. Both types of allodynia were also more common in patients with migraine with aura compared with those with migraine without aura (BA 57.1± vs. 17.6±; PA 57.1–61.9± vs. 17.6–32.7±). There was a positive correlation between allodynia score (as obtained by examination) and allodynia index (as obtained by history) for both BA and PA. The incomplete, although considerable, overlap between BA and PA suggests that allodynia to different sensory modalities is associated with sensitization of different neuronal populations. Because PA was more common than BA, it may be a more sensitive indicator of allodynia in migraine. PA can be tested clinically in a practical and systematic manner.
Structure and physical properties of silkworm cocoons

Silkworm cocoons have evolved a wide range of different structures and combinations of physical and chemical properties in order to cope with different threats and environmental conditions. We present our observations and measurements on 25 diverse types of cocoons in a first attempt to correlate physical properties with the structure and morphology of the cocoons. These two architectural parameters appear to be far more important than the material properties of the silk fibres themselves. We consider tensile and compressive mechanical properties and gas permeation of the cocoon walls, and in each case identify mechanisms or models that relate these properties to cocoon structure, usually based upon non-woven fibre composites. These properties are of relevance also for synthetic non-woven composite materials and our studies will help formulate bio-inspired design principles for new materials.
Sexual Systems and Measures of Occupancy and Abundance in an Annual Plant: Testing the Metapopulation Model

The need for reproductive assurance during dispersal, along with the pressure of local mate competition, means that the importance of frequent or repeated colonization is implicit in the sexual‐system evolution literature. However, to date there have been few empirical tests of the association between colonization and the sexual system in plants. Here we provide such a test by comparing occupancy and abundance of populations of the European plant Mercurialis annua across regions characterized by different sexual systems. Specifically, we predicted that monomorphic, hermaphroditic populations, which are thought to have evolved under selection for reproductive assurance during repeated bouts of colonization, would be smaller and their suitable habitat less frequently occupied than dimorphic populations, where males co‐occur with either females or hermaphrodites. We show that both of these predictions are upheld. We evaluate our results against competing hypotheses for the occupancy‐abundance relationship and conclude that they are most consistent with the metapopulation model for sexual‐system variation in M. annua.
Change and continuity in family caregiving practices with young mothers and their children.

PURPOSE To examine how young mothers who gave birth during adolescence extended and developed caregiving practices within the context of family relationships, caregiving traditions, and life events. DESIGN Longitudinal, interpretive-phenomenological. A community-based sample in 1993 consisted of 13 of the 16 young mothers and 11 of the 18 grandparents who had participated in a 1988 study. Three male partners of the young mothers also participated in this 1993 study. Families resided in a Western metropolitan area in the United States. METHODS Life history accounts of the intervening years, stories of family routines, and recent coping episodes of parenting were elicited through in-depth interviews with the young mothers and their male partners; one interview was conducted with grandparents. Data were analyzed using the interpretive approach. FINDINGS Adversarial caregiving practices develop or change in the context of transformed family relationships. CONCLUSIONS Life-course and parenting experiences of young mothers are not private and located in the self, but are developed in interaction with others. Family-centered interventions are needed that support the efforts of young mothers and grandparents to become responsive caregivers.
Turistas de São Raimundo Nonato – PI: perfil e grau de satisfação quanto aos serviços de alimentação

Knowingthat San Raimundo Nonato, is one of tourist destinations in the state of Piaui, arosethe need to knoww hat the touris texpects to findin the food service sof the municipality.Thus, this study's main objective is to characterize the profileof tourists visiting the city and drawtheir degree of satisfaction withfood services to the municipality.Thus, we used asample of 97 tourists who were in town, with different purposes of travel by four different means of accommodation. Question swere conducted initiallyon the profile of tourists, followed by the surveyon the perception oflocal food supply, mainly focusingon the attributes of a choice of food service,as well asan evaluation of: taste,theability to arouse appetite,presentation of the dish, hygiene and price.Statistical analysis of the study indicated that factors suchas hygiene and cleanliness,good service(18%) and food quality(17%) had a significant impacton the choice of a food service.However, tourists point editems such asmenu,decor andleisure facilitiesas elements thatcould bedifferencesineating establishments. The resultsshowedasatisfactory levelofqualityservicesand products offered.As a result, food serviceswere acceptable, reliable andmeet the needs ofcustomers.Recommendations were a imedat the tourist and food, to contribute to the development of tourism in the city and can bere cognized asapole of reference
Influence of social support on health among gender and socio-economic groups of adolescents.

BACKGROUND The influence of social support on health was explored among gender and socio-economic groups with the aim of contributing to the explanation of socio-economic health differences among Slovak adolescents. METHODS The sample consisted of 2616 Slovak adolescents (52.4% male, 47.6% female, mean age 15 years). The data were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire including measures of social support, socio-economic status and health. RESULTS There are significant gender differences in social support, which are unfavourable for males. On the other hand, there are significant gender differences in health, unfavourable for females. Low social support is significantly related to worse health. There are significant socio-economic differences in both health and social support, which are unfavourable for lower socio-economic groups. Three groups, females, adolescents from lower socio-economic groups, and also adolescents reporting low social support, less frequently consider their health as excellent or very good. Females suffer from more health complaints, report worse psychological health, vitality and mental health in comparison to males, to adolescents from higher socio-economic groups, and to adolescents reporting high social support. Males and adolescents from lower socio-economic groups more frequently reported low social support in comparison to females and adolescents from higher socio-economic groups. No significant differences in the influence of social support on health among gender and socio-economic groups of adolescents were confirmed. CONCLUSION Social support is related to health and it is unequally distributed among gender and socio-economic groups. Social support had a positive impact on health, but this effect was independent of gender and socio-economic groups.
Walking performance and cardiovascular response: associations with age and morbidity--the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.

BACKGROUND The long-distance corridor walk is a timed 400-meter walk test used to assess walking endurance in well-functioning men and women aged 70-79 in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. METHODS We examined walking time along with heart rate and blood pressure response in relationship to prevalent chronic conditions, weight, physical activity, and markers of subclinical disease. Of 3075 participants, 2324 (76%) completed the test with heart rate and blood pressure responses in the range expected for a moderate level of exertion. RESULTS Slower walking time was influenced by both clinical and subclinical disease, and also was strongly related to both low and high body weight and low self-reported physical activity. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were higher with several clinical and subclinical diseases, but heart rate response and recovery were more strongly related to walking time than to disease. Higher body mass index and lower physical activity were associated with greater heart rate response and recovery. CONCLUSIONS The independent contribution of both clinical and subclinical disease to walking time supports the use of walking tests as a summary measure of disease in older adults. The independent association of walking time with physical activity suggests that it is sensitive to levels of fitness as well. Together these findings show that walking performance is a valid indicator of physiologic reserve in older adults.