Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Types of Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rabbit Hearts: Importance of Excitability and Action Potential Duration Restitution

Background—The combined effects of excitability and action potential duration (APD) restitution on wavefront dynamics remain unclear. Methods and Results—We used optical mapping techniques to study Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. In protocol IA (n=10), D600 at increasing concentrations was infused during ventricular fibrillation (VF). With concentration increased to 0.5 mg/L, fast VF (dominant frequency, 19.1±1.8 Hz) was consistently converted to ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, increasing D600 further to 2.5 or 5.0 mg/L converted VT to slow VF (11.9±2.3 Hz, P =0.0011). In an additional 4 hearts (protocol IB), tetrodotoxin converted a preexisting VT to slow VF (11.0±1.4 Hz). Optical maps show wandering wavelets in fast VF, organized reentry in VT, and spatiotemporal periodicity in slow VF. In protocol II, we determined APD and conduction time−1 (CT−1) restitutions during D600 infusion. CT−1 was used as an estimate of excitability. At 0.1 mg/L, APD and CT−1 restitutions were steep and flat, respectively. APD restitution became flattened when D600 increased to 0.5 mg/L, converting fast VF to VT. Further increasing D600 to 2.5 or 5.0 mg/L steepened CT−1 restitution and widened the range of S1 pacing cycle lengths over which CT−1 decreased, converting VT to slow VF. Conclusions—Two types of VF exist in isolated rabbit hearts. Fast (type I) VF is associated with a steep APD restitution, a flat CT−1 restitution, and wandering wavelets. Slow (type II) VF is associated with a flat APD restitution, a steep CT−1 restitution, and spatiotemporal periodicity. Both excitability and APD restitution are important in VF maintenance.
False memories are hard to inhibit: Differential effects of directed forgetting on accurate and false recall in the DRM procedure

Directed forgetting research shows that people can inhibit the retrieval of words that they were previously instructed to forget. The present research applied the directed forgetting procedure to the Deese/Roediger and McDermott (DRM) recall task to determine if directed forgetting instructions have similar or different effects on accurate and false memory. After studying lists of semantically related words, some participants were told to forget those lists, whereas other participants were not. All participants were then shown additional lists to remember. Following study, all participants were asked to free recall as many of the studied words as possible, including those they were previously instructed to forget. Directed forgetting instructions inhibited the accurate recall of studied words, but not the false recall of nonstudied critical words, whether measured by a within-participant or between-participants design. Contrary to an implicit activation hypothesis, false memories survived instructions to forget. These findings were reviewed in terms of fuzzy trace theory and the activation/monitoring approach to false memory.
Anti-cancer drug 3,3′-diindolylmethane activates Wnt4 signaling to enhance gastric cancer cell stemness and tumorigenesis

As a natural health supplement, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is proposed as a preventive and chemotherapeutic agent for cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. However, we found that in contrary to high level of DIM (30 μM), low level of DIM (1 μM and 10 μM) obviously promoted gastric cancer cell growth and migration. In addition, we found that low level of DIM increased the expression of stemness factors and enhanced the pluripotency of gastric cancer cells. Low level of DIM promoted gastric cancer progression by inducing the PORCN-dependent secretion of Wnt4 and the activation of β-catenin signaling. Wnt4 knockdown reversed the effects of low level of DIM on gastric cancer cells. The results of in vivo studies showed that gastric cancer cells treated with low level of DIM (1 μM) grew faster and expressed higher level of Wnt4 than control cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that low level of DIM activates autocrine Wnt4 signaling to enhance the progression of gastric cancer, which may suggest an adverse aspect of DIM in cancer therapy. Our findings will provide a new aspect for the safety of DIM in its clinical application.
Automatic Defect Categorization Based on Fault Triggering Conditions

Due to the complexity of software systems, defects are inevitable. Understanding the types of defects could help developers to adopt measures in current and future software releases. In practice, developers often categorize defects into various types. One common categorization is based on fault triggers of defects. Fault trigger is a set of conditions which activate a defect (i.e., Fault) and propagate the defect into a failure. In general, there are two types of defect based fault triggering conditions, Bohrbug and Mandelbug. Bohrbug refers to a bug which can be easily isolated, and its activation and error propagation is simple. Mandelbug refers to a bug whose activation and/or error propagation is complex (e.g., A time lag between the fault activation and the failure occurrence). With these category labels, developers can better perform post-mortem analysis to identify common characteristic of the defects, and design specific fault-tolerance mechanisms. However, in most software systems, these category labels are often unavailable. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a text mining solution which categorize defects into fault trigger categories by analyzing the natural-language description of bug reports. A previous study shows that Mandelbug is more complex and needs more time to be fixed. Thus, to better identify Mandelbugs, we propose a novel Fuzzy Set based Feature Selection algorithm named USES, which selects the features (i.e., Terms) which have high ability to distinguish Mandelbugs from Bohrbugs. USES first caches a set of terms based on their fuzzy affinity scores to Bohrbug or Mandelbug. Next, it iterates many times, and in each iteration, it selects a subset of terms, and builds a classifier on these terms. USES selects the classifier and the terms which could achieve the best performance on a training data. We evaluate our solution on 4 datasets including Linux, Mysql, Apache HTTPD, and AXIS containing a total of 809 bug reports. We show that USES with naive Bayes multinomial achieves the best performance, it achieves Mandelbug F-measure scores of 0.298 - 0.615. We also compare USES with other baseline approaches. The results show that USES on average improves Mandelbug F-measure scores of the best performing baseline by 12.3%.
An Assessment of Indoor Air Quality before, during and after Unrestricted Use of E-Cigarettes in a Small Room

Airborne chemicals in the indoor environment arise from a wide variety of sources such as burning fuels and cooking, construction materials and furniture, environmental tobacco smoke as well as outdoor sources. To understand the contribution of exhaled e-cigarette aerosol to the pre-existing chemicals in the ambient air, an indoor air quality study was conducted to measure volatile organic compounds (including nicotine and low molecular weight carbonyls), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines and trace metal levels in the air before, during and after e-cigarette use in a typical small office meeting room. Measurements were compared with human Health Criteria Values, such as indoor air quality guidelines or workplace exposure limits where established, to provide a context for potential bystander exposures. In this study, the data suggest that any additional chemicals present in indoor air from the exhaled e-cigarette aerosol, are unlikely to present an air quality issue to bystanders at the levels measured when compared to the regulatory standards that are used for workplaces or general indoor air quality.
Integrating DSM‐IV Factors to Predict Violence in High‐Risk Psychiatric Patients

Abstract: This study incorporated Axis‐II and Axis‐IV factors in DSM‐IV to test the relationship between predicted risk for violence assessed in the psychiatric emergency room and actual violence during hospitalization. Psychiatric nurses lack an objective instrument to use during the acute psychiatric assessment. The retrospective study comprised consecutive psychiatric admissions (n = 161) in one tertiary veterans’ hospital. Statistical testing for the predictive power of risk factors, relationships between variables, and violent events included nonparametric tests, factor analysis, and logistic regression. Of the 32 patients who committed violence during hospitalization, 12 had committed violence in the psychiatric emergency room. Statistical significance was shown for violent incidents and dementia, court‐ordered admission, mood disorder, and for three or more risk factors. The 13‐item Risk of Violence Assessment (ROVA) scale suggests validity and sensitivity for rating DSM‐IV factors and psychosocial stressors to predict risk for violence during hospitalization. Replication studies are recommended to strengthen validity of the ROVA scale.
Few Single Nucleotide Variations in Exomes of Human Cord Blood Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The effect of the cellular reprogramming process per se on mutation load remains unclear. To address this issue, we performed whole exome sequencing analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. Cells from a single donor and improved lentiviral vectors for high-efficiency (2–14%) reprogramming were used to examine the effects of three different combinations of reprogramming factors: OCT4 and SOX2 (OS), OS and ZSCAN4 (OSZ), OS and MYC and KLF4 (OSMK). Five clones from each group were subject to whole exome sequencing analysis. We identified 14, 11, and 9 single nucleotide variations (SNVs), in exomes, including untranslated regions (UTR), in the five clones of OSMK, OS, and OSZ iPSC lines. Only 8, 7, and 4 of these, respectively, were protein-coding mutations. An average of 1.3 coding mutations per CB iPSC line is remarkably lower than previous studies using fibroblasts and low-efficiency reprogramming approaches. These data demonstrate that point nucleotide mutations during cord blood reprogramming are negligible and that the inclusion of genome stabilizers like ZSCAN4 during reprogramming may further decrease reprogramming-associated mutations. Our findings provide evidence that CB is a superior source of cells for iPSC banking.
Steps and ladders in virtual reality

This paper describes a technique for walking through, and climbing or descending steps and ladders in virtual reality. The idea is that human participants in the virtual reality (VR) carry out a whole body gesture similar to walking, by walking in place. A pattern analyser distinguishes between walking in place behaviour, and any other behaviour, and moves the participant through the environment when it detects the walking in place. Such "walking" while on steps or ladders similarly causes appropriate virtual movement. We discuss this in the context of a paradigm for interaction called "body centred interaction". This attempts to maximise the match between the mental body model formed as a result of proprioceptive information generated by limb and body movements, and the sensory data displayed by the VR system, within the constraints imposed by limited tracking information. We argue that the sense of presence in the VR is enhanced by such body centred interaction techniques, and we present experimental evidence in support of this claim.
Social-class differences in self-concept clarity and their implications for well-being

A consistent/stable sense of the self is more valued in middle-class contexts than working-class contexts; hence, we predicted that middle-class individuals would have higher self-concept clarity than working-class individuals. It is further expected that self-concept clarity would be more important to one’s well-being among middle-class individuals than among working-class individuals. Supporting these predictions, self-concept clarity was positively associated with higher social class. Moreover, although self-concept clarity was associated with higher life satisfaction and better mental health, the association significantly attenuated among working-class individuals. In addition, self-concept clarity was not associated with physical health and its association with physical health did not interact with social class.
Convex families of proper mappings between balls

We define a notion of convex family of proper holomorphic mappings between balls in different dimensions. For domain dimension at least two, we show that there is no positive dimensional convex family in codimension one. In the rational case, we establish some new inequalities relating the domain and target dimensions, the dimension of the family, and the degree. We provide several new examples. We show that the inverse image of the origin under a proper polynomial map between balls is either empty or the single point zero, in contrast to the rational case, where the inverse image is an arbitrary finite set.
Effect of Foot Self Care Program among Diabetic Elderly Adults in Geriatrics Home

Background: Diabetic foot has been considered as a major health problem in elderly adults, because of its high incidence in recent years. Self-care programs have a role in the early prevention of morbidity and mortality rate of the diabetic foot, promoting elderly knowledge and self-care practices are a crucial need in this regard. The aim of this study is: to evaluate the effectiveness of foot self-care program among diabetic elderly adults in geriatrics home. Material and methods: Research design, a quasi-experimental studydesignwas implemented on all elderly living in geriatrichome their number were60elderly. Setting: Study was conducted in geriatrics home at Port Said City, Data collection tool: Two tools developed by the researchers. First tool: A structured questionnaire developed to assess participants' knowledge and self-care practices. Second Tool: An observational self-care practices checklist to observe self-care practices of diabetic elderly. Results:The study findings revealed that lack of knowledge and unsatisfactory practices of diabetic elderly about self-care practice of foot before the program whereasafter the program intervention, improvements were found in total scores of knowledge and practice through the follow up phase 80.17± 7.05and 90.18 ± 1.78respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that diabetic elderly lacked appropriate knowledge in the preprogram phase also, elderly foot self-care practices were mostly unsatisfactory. After implementation of the program, considerable improvements were noticed in elderly' knowledge and foot self-care practices highly statically significant. Recommendations: Based on findings in this study, regular continuing self-care programs should be designed to enhance elderly ability to care for their foot with an emphasis on the most important risk factors and appropriate management in a large population.
BRG1 Chromatin Remodeling Activity Is Required for Efficient Chromatin Binding by Repressor Element 1-silencing Transcription Factor (REST) and Facilitates REST-mediated Repression*

Chromatin remodeling enzymes such as SWI/SNF use the hydrolysis of ATP to power the movement of nucleosomes with respect to DNA. BRG1, one of the ATPases of the SWI/SNF complex, can be recruited by both activators and repressors, although the precise role of BRG1 in mechanisms of repression has thus far remained unclear. One transcription factor that recruits BRG1 as a corepressor is the repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST). Here we address for the first time the mechanism of BRG1 activity in gene repression. We found that BRG1 enhanced REST-mediated repression at some REST target genes by increasing the interaction of REST with the local chromatin at its binding sites. Furthermore, REST-chromatin interactions, mediated by BRG1, were enhanced following an increase in histone acetylation in a manner dependent on the BRG1 bromodomain. Our data suggest that BRG1 facilitates REST repression by increasing the interaction between REST and chromatin. Such a mechanism may be applicable to other transcriptional repressors that utilize BRG1.
Effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of date palm fiber reinforced PP/EPDM composites

In this work, the effect of date palm fiber (DPF) incorporation and its surface treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties like tensile, bending, and impact of polymer composites based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) is investigated. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) is used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of (DPF) filled PP/EPDM composites. Results have shown that the incorporation of fibers increased the tensile and bending strength and decreased the impact strength. Treated fiber reinforced composites yield better mechanical properties as compared to the raw fiber reinforced composites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces of the composite specimens indicates that the MAPP and the treated fibers improved the interfacial interaction between the fiber and the matrix.
The Motivated Brain: Insights from Neuroimaging Studies of Human Male Sexual Affiliation Context

The advent of functional neuroimaging techniques has allowed to address the question of the role of the brain in a new light, being now able to record brain activity under different kinds of perceptual, cognitive or motor paradigms. Two exponentially emerging fields, i.e. social and affective neurosciences, converge on topics such as brain processing of emotional information issued by the congeners. As any social interaction obbeys a motivational dimension of interattraction, it is therefore important to study the role of the brain in specific functional contexts. In this paper we show how the emergence of a new field crystallized around the study of brain circuits involved in sexual affiliation has helped providing important results to understand the brain’s role in social motivated interactions. Specifically, these studies show for this involvement a central physiological component and its cortical representation that seems to be essential for social interactions with motivational component.
Faster Low-rank Approximation using Adaptive Gap-based Preconditioning

We propose a method for rank $k$ approximation to a given input matrix $X \in \mathbb{R}^{d \times n}$ which runs in time \[ \tilde{O} \left(d ~\cdot~ \min\left\{n + \tilde{sr}(X) \,G^{-2}_{k,p+1}\ ,\ n^{3/4}\, \tilde{sr}(X)^{1/4} \,G^{-1/2}_{k,p+1} \right\} ~\cdot~ \text{poly}(p)\right) ~, \] where $p>k$, $\tilde{sr}(X)$ is related to stable rank of $X$, and $G_{k,p+1} = \frac{\sigma_k-\sigma_p}{\sigma_k}$ is the multiplicative gap between the $k$-th and the $(p+1)$-th singular values of $X$. In particular, this yields a linear time algorithm if the gap is at least $1/\sqrt{n}$ and $k,p,\tilde{sr}(X)$ are constants.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone versus Ciprofloxacin/Hydrocortisone on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Otitis Media

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone versus topical ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone on the outcome of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced otitis media with effusion in chinchillas. Study Design. A randomized experimental animal study. Setting. Jerry L. Pettis Veteran’s Medical Center. Subjects and Methods. Otitis media with effusion was induced in 5 groups of chinchillas, 6 per group, by injecting 0.3 mL (1 mg/mL) of Salmonella enteric LPS into the superior bullae of each chinchilla with a venting needle in place. Each group was treated with 0.2 mL of test substance at −2, 24, 48, and 72 hours relative to the 0-hour LPS induction. Group 1 was treated with vehicle control. Groups 2 to 5 received 0.3% ciprofloxacin with either 0.1% dexamethasone (group 2), 1% dexamethasone (group 3), 0.1% hydrocortisone (group 4), or 1% hydrocortisone (group 5). The outcome of each treatment was measured by the amount of middle ear effusion present and mucosal thickness at 120 hours posttreatment. Results. Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone 1% significantly (P = .0150) reduced middle ear effusion compared with control. Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone 1% significantly reduced the mucosal thickness when compared with vehicle control (P = .0005), ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone 0.1% (P = .0240), and ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone 0.1% (P = 1.00). Results also showed a dose-response effect between the ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone concentrations. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that treatment with a combination of topical ciprofloxacin and corticosteroid decreased the middle ear effusion when compared with the control group and that ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone suspension reduced the severity of LPS-induced experimental otitis media more than ciprofloxacin/hydrocortisone did.
Change in Tobacco Use Over Time in Urban Indian Youth

This study investigates socioeconomic differences in patterns and trends of tobacco consumption over time among youth in India. Additionally, the distribution of tobacco use risk factors across social class was examined. The data were derived from a longitudinal study of adolescents, Project Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco Related Initiatives. Students in eight private (high socioeconomic status [SES; n = 2,881) and eight government (lower SES; n = 5,476) schools in two large cities in India (Delhi and Chennai) were surveyed annually about their tobacco use and related psychosocial risk factors from 2004 to 2006. Results suggest the relationship between SES and tobacco use over time was not consistent. At baseline (in 2004), lower SES was associated with higher prevalence of tobacco use but the relation between SES and tobacco use reversed 2 years later (2006). These findings were mirrored in the distribution of related psychosocial risk factors by SES at baseline (in 2004), and thereafter in 2006. Implications for prevention scientists and future intervention programs are considered.
Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Reputation and Performance

This study examines the effect of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure and on corporate r eputation as well as performance. These relationships are examined ba sed on content analysis of of annual reports of 17 Islamic banks i n Malaysia for 2008, 2009 and 2010. Results of this study provide evidence that CSR activities communicated in corporate annual rep orts are significantly positively related with corporate rep utation as well as firm performance. These results indicate that CSR a ctivities and disclosure from Islamic perspectives are equally im portant business strategies in creating continuous superior performa nce for organisations. In addition, it also highlights that organisations need to develop a stakeholder orientation particularly in a n environment of increasing pressure from jurisdictions dominated by Islamic stakeholders on organisations engaging in Islamic p roducts to increase their social responsibilities from the Isl amic perspectives. Keywords—Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Reputation, Firm Performance, Islamic Banks
A black-box approach to understanding concurrency in DaCapo

Increasing levels of hardware parallelism are one of the main challenges for programmers and implementers of managed runtimes. Any concurrency or scalability improvements must be evaluated experimentally. However, application benchmarks available today may not reflect the highly concurrent applications we anticipate in the future. They may also behave in ways that VM developers do not expect. We provide a set of platform independent concurrency related metrics and an in-depth observational study of current state of the art benchmarks, discovering how concurrent they really are, how they scale the work and how they synchronise and communicate via shared memory.