Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Black tea is not significantly different from water in the maintenance of normal hydration in human subjects: results from a randomised controlled trial

There is a belief that caffeinated drinks, such as tea, may adversely affect hydration. This was investigated in a randomised controlled trial. Healthy resting males (n 21) were recruited from the general population. Following 24 h of abstention from caffeine, alcohol and vigorous physical activity, including a 10 h overnight fast, all men underwent four separate test days in a counter-balanced order with a 5 d washout in between. The test beverages, provided at regular intervals, were 4 × 240 ml black (i.e. regular) tea and 6 × 240 ml black tea, providing 168 or 252 mg of caffeine. The controls were identical amounts of boiled water. The tea was prepared in a standardised way from tea bags and included 20 ml of semi-skimmed milk. All food taken during the 12 h intervention period was controlled, and subjects remained at rest. No other beverages were offered. Blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, and a 24 h urine sample was collected. Outcome variables were whole blood cell count, Na, K, bicarbonate, total protein, urea, creatinine and osmolality for blood; and total volume, colour, Na, K, creatinine and osmolality for urine. Although data for all twenty-one participants were included in the analysis (mean age 36 years and mean BMI 25·8 kg/m2), nineteen men completed all conditions. Statistical analysis, using a factorial ANOVA approach within PROC MIXED, revealed no significant differences between tea and water for any of the mean blood or urine measurements. It was concluded that black tea, in the amounts studied, offered similar hydrating properties to water.
Use of serum prolactin in diagnosing epileptic seizures

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the use of serum prolactin assay in epileptic seizure diagnosis. Methods: The authors identified relevant studies in multiple databases and reference lists. Studies that met inclusion criteria were summarized and rated for quality of evidence, and the results were analyzed and pooled where appropriate. Results: Most studies used a serum prolactin of at least twice baseline value as abnormal. For the differentiation of epileptic seizures from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, one Class I and seven Class II studies showed that elevated serum prolactin was highly predictive of either generalized tonic–clonic or complex partial seizures. Pooled sensitivity was higher for generalized tonic–clonic seizures (60.0%) than for complex partial seizures (46.1%), while the pooled specificity was similar for both (approximately 96%). Data were insufficient to establish validity for simple partial seizures. Two Class II studies were consistent in showing prolactin elevation after tilt-test–induced syncope. Inconclusive data exist regarding the value of serum prolactin following status epilepticus, repetitive seizures, and neonatal seizures. Recommendations: Elevated serum prolactin assay, when measured in the appropriate clinical setting at 10 to 20 minutes after a suspected event, is a useful adjunct for the differentiation of generalized tonic–clonic or complex partial seizure from psychogenic nonepileptic seizure among adults and older children (Level B). Serum prolactin assay does not distinguish epileptic seizures from syncope (Level B). The use of serum PRL assay has not been established in the evaluation of status epilepticus, repetitive seizures, and neonatal seizures (Level U).
C-terminal retroviral-type zinc finger domain from the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein is structurally similar to the N-terminal zinc finger domain.

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic and computational methods were employed for the structure determination of an 18-residue peptide with the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal retroviral-type (r.t.) zinc finger domain from the nucleocapsid protein (NCP) of HIV-1 [Zn(HIV1-F2)]. Unlike results obtained for the first retroviral-type zinc finger peptide, Zn(HIV1-F1), [Summers et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 329], broad signals indicative of conformational lability were observed in the 1H NMR spectrum of Zn-(HIV1-F2) at 25 degrees C. The NMR signals narrowed upon cooling to -2 degrees C, enabling complete 1H NMR signal assignment via standard two-dimensional (2D) NMR methods. Distance restraints obtained from qualitative analysis of 2D nuclear Overhauser effect (NOESY) data were used to generate 30 distance geometry (DG) structures with penalties (penalty = sum of the squared differences between interatomic distances defined in the restraints file and in the DG structures) in the range 0.02-0.03 A2. All structures were qualitatively consistent with the experimental NOESY spectrum based on comparisons with 2D NOESY back-calculated spectra. Superposition of the backbone atoms (C, C alpha, N) for residues C(1)-C(14) gave pairwise RMSD values in the range 0.16-0.75 A. The folding of Zn(HIV1-F2) is very similar to that observed for Zn(HIV1-F1). Small differences observed between the two finger domains are localized to residues between His(9) and Cys(14), with residues M(11)-C(14) forming a 3(10) helical corner. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NUTRITIONAL CONTROL OF SEXUALITY IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI

1. Cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardi grown in the light or dark on standard medium require an additional exposure to light in the absence of a nitrogen source, in order to become sexually active. As the culture ages, the light requirement decreases. 2. This light requirement is a function of nitrogen depletion, as shown by the observation that cells from cultures grown to maturity on a low nitrogen medium in the light or in the dark, have no additional light requirement for zygote formation. The withholding of no other component of the medium has this effect. 3. In cells requiring light for zygote formation, the light can be supplied before the mating types are mixed, indicating that light is required, not for mating per se, but for the conversion of vegetative cells to gametes. 4. Gametes can be dedifferentiated to the vegetative state by any nitrogen compound which the cells can use for growth; and by further exposure to light in the absence of a nitrogen source, these vegetative cells can again become gametic. 5. Cells grown at different nitrogen levels become gametic at widely different cell concentrations of nitrogen and carbon and C/N ratios. 6. It is postulated that the role of light in gametic differentiation is indirect, providing by photosynthesis, energy for the mating process and carbohydrates to tie up excess nitrogenous reserves; and that the concentration of some particular nitrogen fraction or compound determines whether or not gametic differentiation is initiated.
Contact between Children Placed Away from Home and their Birth Parents: Ryburn’s ‘Reanalysis’ Analysed

Ryburn has critically reviewed our article on the research issues in the study of contact between children placed away from home and their birth parents (Quinton, Rushton, Dance, & Mayes, 1997). We argue that Ryburn seriously misrepresented our position. He also presented a ‘reanalysis’ of the studies we discussed, supplemented with references to other studies that we did not quote, which aimed to show that our conclusions were wrong. In this article we respond to Ryburn’s critique and raise questions concerning his interpretation of data and methods of reviewing that suggest that his conclusions from the research are unreliable.
Open Access Research Article Contemporary Habitat Discontinuity and Historic Glacial Ice Drive Genetic Divergence in Chilean Kelp

Background: South America's western coastline, extending in a near-straight line across some 35 latitudinal degrees, presents an elegant setting for assessing both contemporary and historic influences on cladogenesis in the marine environment. Southern bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) has a broad distribution along much of the Chilean coast. This species represents an ideal model taxon for studies of coastal marine connectivity and of palaeoclimatic effects, as it grows only on exposed rocky coasts and is absent from beaches and ice-affected shores. We expected that, along the central Chilean coast, D. antarctica would show considerable phylogeographic structure as a consequence of the isolating effects of distance and habitat discontinuities. In contrast, we hypothesised that further south-throughout the region affected by the Patagonian Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)-D. antarctica would show relatively little genetic structure, reflecting postglacial recolonisation. Results: Mitochondrial (COI) and chloroplast (rbcL) DNA analyses of D. antarctica from 24 Chilean localities (164 individuals) revealed two deeply divergent (4.5-6.1% for COI, 1.4% for rbcL) clades from the centre and south of the country, with contrasting levels and patterns of genetic structure. Among populations from central Chile (32°-44°S), substantial phylogeographic structure was evident across small spatial scales, and a significant isolation-by-distance effect was observed. Genetic disjunctions in this region appear to correspond to the presence of long beaches. In contrast to the genetic structure found among central Chilean populations, samples from the southern Chilean Patagonian region (49°-56°S) were genetically homogeneous and identical to a haplotype recently found throughout the subantarctic region. Conclusions: Southern (Patagonian) Chile has been recolonised by D. antarctica relatively recently, probably since the LGM. The inferred trans-oceanic ancestry of these Patagonian populations supports the notion that D. antarctica is capable of long-distance dispersal via rafting. In contrast, further north in central Chile, the correspondence of genetic disjunctions in D. antarctica with long beaches indicates that habitat discontinuity drives genetic isolation among established kelp populations. We conclude that rafting facilitates colonisation of unoccupied shores, but has limited potential to enhance gene-flow among established populations. Broadly, this study demonstrates that some taxa may be considered to have either high or low dispersal potential across different temporal and geographic scales. Background Oceanic ecosystems have historically been considered relatively open, with high connectivity among populations [1]. Recent studies have, however, demonstrated considerable population structure in a variety of coastal taxa (see [2-5]; and references therein), indicating that connectivity among marine populations is …
Devil's Advocacy and Dialectical Inquiry Effects on Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Group Decision Making

Abstract For more than 20 years, researchers have investigated the effects of cognitive conflict techniques on the decision making performance of groups and individuals. Past research on two techniques, devil′s advocacy and dialectical inquiry, has shown that both techniques improve group performance over nonconflictual, expert-based approaches. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate how advanced decision and communication technologies can be used to enhance group processing and outcomes. In this paper, we extend both streams of research by reporting the results of a laboratory experiment on the effects devil′s advocacy and dialectical inquiry within face-to-face and computer-mediated groups. The results suggest that groups given the devil′s advocacy treatment developed and considered more alternative solutions to a case problem and selected a higher quality recommendation than those in the dialectical inquiry and expert-based treatments. Computer-mediated groups developed and considered more solution alternatives but required more voting rounds to reach agreement than did face-to-face groups. Computer-mediated groups were more satisfied with the process than face-to-face groups; no differences were found in satisfaction with decision outcome. The implications of the results for future research and practice are discussed.
Having “The Talk”: Individual, Family, and Partner Factors on Unprotected Sex among Female Adolescent Offenders

This study assessed the influence of individual age and substance use, family support and communication, and partner support and communication on the frequency of unprotected sex among incarcerated adolescent females. Subjects (n = 273) completed a survey on psychosocial correlates and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STI). Communication with male partners and sex while under the influence have a significant impact on condom use. Findings highlight the necessity of providing assertive communication skills training and increasing self-efficacy as STI/HIV prevention components for adolescent females thus empowering their decision-making processes.
SEMROD: Secure and Efficient MapReduce Over HybriD Clouds

This paper describes SEMROD, a sensitive data aware MapReduce (MR) framework for hybrid clouds. SEMROD steers data and computation through public and private machines in such a way that no knowledge about sensitive data is leaked to public machines. For this purpose, SEMROD keeps trace of intermediate keys (generated during MR execution) that become sensitive, based on which it makes dynamic task scheduling decisions. SEMROD guarantees that adversaries viz. public machines) cannot gain any ``additional'' information about sensitive data from either the data stored on public machines or the communication between public and private machines during job execution. SEMROD extends naturally from a single MR job to multi-phase MR jobs that result, for instance, from compiling Hive queries into MR jobs. Using SEMROD, computation that may involve sensitive data can exploit public machines, thereby bringing significant performance benefits. Such computation would otherwise be restricted to only private clouds. Our experiments clearly demonstrate performance advantages to using SEMROD as compared with other secure alternatives, even when the percentage of sensitive data is as high as 50%.
Relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake in 4- to 14-year-old Danish children

Abstract A negative association between sleep duration and BMI has been observed in children. However, knowledge about the association between sleep duration and diet is limited. The objective was to examine the association between sleep duration and intake of foods and nutrients in children. In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake and sleep duration were recorded by the parents for seven consecutive days in a food and sleep record in a representative sample of 802 4- to 14-year-old children. No sex differences were found regarding age and sleep duration. Sleep duration was negatively correlated to age (ρ = –0·68; P < 0·001) and BMI (ρ = –0·41; P < 0·001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake (b = –0·015; P = 0·20), but there was a trend towards a positive association with intake of dietary fibre (b = 0·006; P = 0·05) and vegetables (b = 0·011; P = 0·05), and a negative association with intake of poultry (b = –0·002; P = 0·02), and a trend towards a negative association with intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ (b = –0·01; P = 0·05). Furthermore, in a comparison of dietary intake between age-dependent tertiles of sleep duration, only intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ was significantly lower in long sleepers than in short and medium sleepers (P = 0·03). In conclusion, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake and the proposal that children with short sleep duration have less healthy eating habits than children with longer sleep duration was only weakly supported by the present findings.
Stress on Wives Due to Husbands' Hazardous Duty or Absence

The relationships of subjectively appraised primary concerns, personal re- sources, and secondary stress reactions (anxiety, depression, somatic com- plaints, and performance decrement) were investigated in 40 wives of Israeli reservists on hazardous duty from 1988 to 1989 during the Palestinian uprising. Concerns about the husband's safety and about having to function without his help in family and household routines were not frequent but accounted for the bulk (58%) of the variance among secondary stress reactions. Missing his companionship was high but was weakly related to the previously noted measures. Prior tours of reserve duty by husbands were associated with a lower level of stress reactions in their wives, whereas prior injuries in the line of duty were associated with a higher level. Political beliefs about the justifiability of reserve duty in the territories were unrelated to the various measures. Self-esteem and the belief that life is coherent and manageable were found to buffer the concern.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Efficient Bailouts? Dynamics (sed), Hkust 'international Workshop on Macroeconomics', Di Tella 'xiv Workshop in International Economics and Finance', and Dallas Fed Conference on 'financial Frictions and Monetary

This paper develops a non-linear DSGE model to assess the interaction between ex-post interventions in credit markets and the build-up of risk ex ante. During a systemic crisis, bailouts relax balance sheet constraints and mitigate the severity of the recession. Ex ante, the anticipation of such bailouts leads to an increase in risk-taking, making the economy more vulnerable to a financial crisis. The optimal policy requires, in general, a mix of ex-post intervention and ex-ante prudential policy. We also analyze the effects of bailouts on financial stability and welfare in the absence of ex-ante prudential policy. Our results show that the moral hazard effects of bailouts are significantly mitigated by making bailouts contingent on the occurrence of a systemic financial crisis. Policy in an Open Economy' for useful comments. The views in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System.
Framing and tone-of-voice of disaster media coverage: The aftermath of the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands

In 2000 disaster struck Enschede in The Netherlands. Due to explosions at a fireworks facility 22 people were killed. This study aims to describe the developments in the media coverage of this disaster from a media amplification perspective. Media amplification was assumed to have taken place in case: (1) events in the aftermath of the disaster resulted in increased media coverage, (2) the media framed the disaster in terms of conflict and responsibility and (3) the framing was in a negative tone-of-voice regarding governmental authorities. Content analysis was performed on 3942 articles, derived from four newspapers. Three peaks in the magnitude of the coverage were distinguished. The content of the coverage during these peaks differed from the period of gradual coverage decline. During the peaks, coverage more often was framed in terms of conflict and responsibility, government was referred to more often and the tone-of-voice on government was less positive. It was concluded that the media coverage of the Enschede fireworks met the conditions of media amplification. It is discussed whether the media coverage was such that the public's risk perception might have been affected.
Rhythmic structure effects on glottalisation: A study of different speech styles in Polish and German

"But the increasing interest in connected, more specifically spontaneous speech data bases has made it mandatory for researchers to enter into phonetics and phonology above the word in real-life communication, and it is in this domain that glottalisation phenomena abound. " (Kohler 2001: 317) Abstract: The present paper examines glottal stops and the glottalisation of word-initial vowels in Polish and German. The presence of glottal marking is studied depending on speech style ('speech' vs. 'dialogue'), prominence, phrasal position, speech rate, word type, preceding segment, and following vowel height. A question is also posed about the extent to which glottal marking might be de- pendent on the rhythmic structure of a given language or style. We analyzed re- cordings of 18 Polish and German speakers. The results point to significant differ - ences between the two languages. In German, glottal marking occurs significantly more often (63.4%) than in Polish (45%). Whereas in both languages (and both styles) the majority of prominent vowels are more often glottally marked than non-prominent vowels, in German word-initial non-prominent syllables are also marked relatively often. Regarding phrase position, glottal marking occurs sig - nificantly more often at the phrase-initial position compared to phrase-medial position in Polish, while no such difference has been found in German. In addi- tion, it is shown that in both languages glottal marking is strongly dependent on the tongue height of the marked vowel: low vowels are more frequently glottal- ised than non-low vowels. Finally, glottal marking in Polish is more likely to occur when rhythmic variability shifts towards the 'indeterminate', strengthening the hypothesis that glottal marking facilitates perceptual grouping.
Visual attention and objects: Two-object cost with equal convexity.

Subjects found perceptual judgments of location involving 2 objects to be harder than equivalent judgments involving a single object. This 2-object cost is in agreement with G. C. Baylis and J. Driver (1993). This occurred even when there was no difference in the degree of convexity of the single- and 2-object displays. Thus, parsing differences due to the degree of convexity of the displays (B. Gibson, 1994) cannot account for the present 2-object cost
Serum low-density lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognition in patients with coronary artery disease

Aim Statins have been associated with decreased cognition due to the effects of low concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on brain function. This has remained controversial and is particularly relevant to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who have an increased risk of cognitive decline and are frequently prescribed statins. This study hypothesized that low concentration of LDL is associated with poor cognition in CAD patients using statins. It also explored the association between high-dose versus low-dose statins on cognition in this population. Patients and methods Baseline cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study of 120 statin-using CAD patients were examined (mean statin duration 25±43 months). The main outcomes were measures of global cognition and cognitive domains, with poor cognition defined as cognitive performance ≤1 standard deviation below the population age and education adjusted means. A battery of cognitive tests was used to assess verbal memory, executive function, speed of processing, visuospatial memory, and global cognition. Adjusting for age, sex, education, and other covariates, multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed associations between low LDL levels (<1.5 mmol/L), statin use, and poor cognition. Results LDL levels were not associated with global cognition or individual cognitive domains. High-dose statin use was associated with higher visuospatial memory (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] =0.12 [0.02–0.66], P=0.01) and executive functioning (OR =0.25 [0.06–0.99], P=0.05). This effect was independent of covariates such as LDL levels. Conclusion Low LDL levels do not appear to be associated with poor cognition in CAD patients using statins. Whether high-dose statin use may have positive effects on cognition in CAD patients could be investigated in future studies.