Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension. Repolarization abnormalities elicited by rapid lowering of pressure.

In hypertension, coronary flow is augmented and oxygen balance is adequate despite an increase in coronary resistance. For the maintenance of flow in the presence of and after regression of ventricular hypertrophy, the ratio of pressure and ventricular mass must remain normal. Coronary reserve would be altered if treatment normalized pressure but not ventricular mass or if pressure were lowered too fast. We investigated 42 patients with primary hypertension. In 28 (Group I) left ventricular mass index (by ultrasound) was within the mean value +2 SD (96 + 38 g/m2) of 145 controls and exceeded these values in the remaining 14 patients (Group 2). The diastolic pressure was lowered rapidly to between 85 and 90 mm Hg with two potent vasodilators, nifedipine (sublingually) and nitroprusside, while a 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded continuously. During both tests, seven patients in Group 2 (responders) showed inversion of normal T waves, in lead I, aVL, and V3-6. These changes waxed and waned in parallel with the pressure fall and recovery and were not attributable to alterations in adrenergic tone, conduction disturbances, variations, or group differences in the QRS axis, QTc interval, heart rate, left ventricular fractional shortening, wall stress, rate of dimension increase in early diastole, or isovolumic relaxation. A ""steal phenomenon'' or passive collapse in compliant coronary lesions during vasodilatation seems unlikely; in fact, patients were free from coronary symptoms, and the electrocardiographic alterations occurred only in seven patients in Group 2, who had a greater left ventricular mass index and required a larger pressure drop to return the diastolic pressure to normal. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distal Tibial Osteochondral Lesion Treated with Osteochondral Allografting: A Case Report

Osteochondral lesions of the talus have been well reported,1,7–10,12 and classification systems for these lesions have been defined, etiologies theorized, and treatment strategies developed. Currently, most surgical treatments involve arthroscopic or arthroscopicallyassisted techniques.1,6–10,12 Much less is known about distal tibial osteochondral lesions. To date, only isolated lesions have been reported in the orthopedic literature.5,11,13 Treatment of these lesions involved immobilization and anti-inflammatory medications, cancellous grafting, and autogenous osteochondral grafting. Our patient was receiving workman’s compensation. He had a distal tibial osteochondral lesion that was treated with an osteochondral allograft after a failed previous arthroscopic microfracture. We also had the opportunity to perform a ‘second look’ arthroscopy 10 months after the allograft procedure.
Social Network Sites and Political Engagement: Exploring the Impact of Facebook Connections and Uses on Political Protest and Participation

Past studies have shown positive relationships between use of social network sites (SNSs) and political engagement, but an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship is limited because the studies often did not take into account the diverse affordances of SNSs that can influence participation in different ways. Adopting the O-S-R-O-R (Orientation–Stimulus–Reasoning–Orientation–Response) model of political communication effects, this study examined the roles of Facebook network size, connections with public political actors, use for news, and political expression on political attitudes, protest, and participation. Structural equation analyses were conducted based on data from a national sample in Hong Kong, a city-state with one of the world’s highest Facebook penetration rates. Results showed that Facebook network size and connections with public political actors exhibit both direct and indirect effects on participation through Facebook news, expression, and efficacy. Facebook news exhibited indirect effects primarily though political expression. A discriminant function analysis also showed that age, education, and online news exposure were the most influential variables for distinguishing Facebook users and nonusers. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Rank properties of poincare maps for hybrid systems with applications to bipedal walking

The equivalence of the stability of periodic orbits with the stability of fixed points of a Poincaré map is a well-known fact for smooth dynamical systems. In particular, the eigenvalues of the linearization of a Poincaré map can be used to determine the stability of periodic orbits. The main objective of this paper is to study the properties of Poincaré maps for hybrid systems as they relate to the stability of hybrid periodic orbits. The main result is that the properties of Poincaré maps for hybrid systems are fundamentally different from those for smooth systems, especially with respect to the linearization of the Poincaré map and its eigenvalues. In particular, the linearization of any Poincaré map for a smooth dynamical system will have one trivial eigenvalue equal to 1 that does not affect the stability of the orbit. For hybrid systems, the trivial eigenvalues are equal to 0 and the number of trivial eigenvalues is bounded above by dimensionality differences between the different discrete domains of the hybrid system and the rank of the reset maps. Specifically, if n is the minimum dimension of the domains of the hybrid system, then the Poincaré map on a domain of dimension m ≥ n results in at least m-n+1 trivial 0 eigenvalues, with the remaining eigenvalues determining the stability of the hybrid periodic orbit. These results will be demonstrated on a nontrivial multi-domain hybrid system: a planar bipedal robot with knees.
Trends and Developments in the Literature on Community Libraries in Africa

Abstract Community libraries in Africa are growing in number, and are increasingly subject to academic research. The literature on community libraries spans 30 years, and this review shows how there has been a shift from conceptual to empirical publications. The early, conceptual literature stressed that community libraries should be by and for the community, support development, actively reach out, and provide relevant materials. These publications can to some extent be seen as reactions to the colonial legacy that national library services carried on after independence. The empirical research was analyzed using Kuhlthau’s (1999) framework for school libraries as a starting point. The major function of this framework is to provide a meta-analysis of the research, and further to relate this meta-analysis to the larger context in which this research is situated. The empirical literature reported mainly on student use. Much of the literature addressed lower-level issues, skills and outcomes, such as materials offered or borrowed, increased reading, and change in attitudes. However, limited attention was given to utilisation as an outcome. Attempts to find a causal relationship between library use and improved grades have been inconclusive. A major limitation of this framework is that it does not address the community aspect of these libraries that the empirical literature emphasized. This dual aspect of community libraries merits further exploration, and there is a need to develop theoretical frameworks that fit better with the realities of African communities and their libraries. There is also need for more research comparing community libraries across countries as well as within countries. The scholarly significance of this study is that is provides a comprehensive, critical review of the literature on community libraries in Africa and identifies caveats in the research literature. This will support future research on community libraries in Africa, an under-researched area.
Capability Approach And Religious Values: The Case of Women's Employment in Islam

Pioneered by economist and philosopher Amartya Sen and developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum, the capability approach offers an explicit ethics of wellbeing and equality, which scholars have generally applied in the context of international development. This paper is based on the premise that the capability approach may also be deployed as a valuable ethical framework for workplace equality. The paper endeavors to apply the capability approach in the context of women’s employment in Islam. While the paper identifies an opportunity for this particular approach to reform the extant patriarchal interpretations and practices of Islam toward gender egalitarian interpretations and practices, it also contests a prescriptive understanding of well-being within the capability approach.
Analysis of EEG Dynamics in Epileptic Patients and Healthy Subjects Using Hilbert Transform Scatter Plots

In this study, we investigated the electroencephalogram (EEG) dynamics in normal and epileptic subjects using three newly defined quantifiers adapted from nonlinear dynamics and Hilbert transform scatter plots (HTSPs): dispersion entropy (DispEntropy), dispersion complexity (Disp Comp), and forbidden count (FC), hypothesizing that analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using nonlinear and deterministic chaos theory may provide clinicians with information for medical diagnosis and assessment of the applied therapy. DispEntropy evaluates irregularity of the EEG time series. DispComp and FC quantify degree of variability of the time series. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis reveals that all the three quantifiers can discriminate between seizure and non-seizure states with very high accuracy. The application of such a technique is justified by ascertaining the presence of nonlinearity in the EEG time series through the use of surrogate test. The false positive rejection of the null hypothesis is eliminated by employing Welch window before the computation of the Fourier transform and randomizing the phases, in the generation of the surrogate data. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the measures of the original time series and those of their respective surrogated time series, indicating the presence of deterministic chaos in the original EEG time series.
An exploratory investigation of the predictors of counterproductive work behaviors among major league baseball employees

The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of employee counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in six Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations. Robinson and Bennett (1995) defined CWB as “voluntary behavior of organizational members that violates significant organizational norms, and in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization and/or its members” (p.256). The definition has also been employed by various organizational behavior researchers (e.g., Lee & Allen, 2002; Martinko, Gundlach, & Douglas, 2002; and Sackett, 2002). For instance, Gruys and Sackett (2003) outlined CWB as “any intentional behavior on the part of an organizational member viewed by the organization as contrary to its legitimate interests” (p. 33). Similar to Robinson and Bennett (1995), the authors argue the definition “encompasses behavior that is targeted at both individuals and the organization as both types of actions can have severe consequences on the organization” (p. 30).
A Design Methodology for Hardware Acceleration of Adaptive Filter Algorithms in Image Processing

Massively parallel processor array architectures can be used as hardware accelerators for a plenty of dataflow dominant applications. Bilateral filtering is an example of a state-of-the-art algorithm in medical imaging, which falls in the class of 2D adaptive filter algorithms. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic mapping methodology for the generation of hardware accelerators for such a generic class of adaptive filtering applications in image processing. The final architecture deliver similar synthesis results as a hand-tuned design.
LASAGNE: Locality and Structure Aware Graph Node Embedding

In this work we propose LASAGNE, a methodology to learn locality and structure aware graph node embeddings in an unsupervised way. In particular, we show that the performance of existing random-walk based approaches depends strongly on the structural properties of the graph, e.g., the size of the graph, whether the graph has a flat or upward-sloping Network Community Profile (NCP), whether the graph is expander-like, whether the classes of interest are more k-core-like or more peripheral, etc. For larger graphs with flat NCPs that are strongly expander-like, existing methods lead to random walks that expand rapidly, touching many dissimilar nodes, thereby leading to lower-quality vector representations that are less useful for downstream tasks. Rather than relying on global random walks or neighbors within fixed hop distances, LASAGNE exploits strongly local Approximate Personalized PageRank stationary distributions to more precisely engineer local information into node embeddings. This leads, in particular, to more meaningful and more useful vector representations of nodes in poorly-structured graphs. We show that LASAGNE leads to significant improvement in downstream multi-label classification for larger graphs with flat NCPs and that it is comparable for smaller graphs with upward-sloping NCPs.
Elucidating the Ramularia eucalypti species complex

The genus Ramularia includes numerous phytopathogenic species, several of which are economically important. Ramularia eucalypti is currently the only species of this genus known to infect Eucalyptus by causing severe leaf-spotting symptoms on this host. However, several isolates identified as R. eucalypti based on morphology and on nrDNA sequence data of the ITS region have recently been isolated from other plant hosts, from environmental samples and also from human clinical specimens. Identification of closely related species based on morphology is often difficult and the ITS region has previously been shown to be unreliable for species level identification in several genera. In this study we aimed to resolve this species-complex by applying a polyphasic approach involving morphology, multi-gene phylogeny and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Six partial genes (ITS, ACT, TEF1-α, HIS3, GAPDH and RPB2) were amplified and sequenced for a total of 44 isolates representing R. eucalypti s.lat. and closely related species. A multi-gene Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and parsimony analysis were performed, and both the resulting trees showed significant support for separation of seven species in R. eucalypti s.lat. , including two previously described (R. eucalypti and R. miae), four novel species here described (R. haroldporteri, R. glennii, R. mali and R. plurivora) and one undescribed Ramularia species (sterile). Additionally, Mycosphaerella nyssicola is newly combined in Ramularia as R. nyssicola. Main mass spectra (MSPs) of several R. eucalypti s.lat. strains were generated using MALDI-TOF MS and were compared through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dendogram. The PCA dendrogram supported three clades containing R. plurivora, R. glenni/R. mali and R. eucalypti/R. miae. Although the dendrogram separation of species differed from the phylogenetic analysis, the clinically relevant strains were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS.
Weight-centrism in psychology: Implications and new directions from the field of fat studies

ABSTRACT The authors explore the field of psychology’s adherence to a weight-centric model of health and the implications for propagating weight bias in research, education, and practice. Invoking the field of fat studies, they then suggest ways of reducing weight bias in these domains via use of alternative methods and materials. In doing so, they highlight the weight-neutral Health At Every Size® paradigm as a potential means of guiding scholarship, teaching, and applied work in psychology and related behavioral health science fields.
Long-term outcomes of ground-level falls in the elderly

BACKGROUND For older adults, even ground-level falls (GLFs) can result in multiple injuries and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have focused on in-hospital outcomes and patients with isolated injuries. Our study examined outcomes following discharge for older adults who were hospitalized following a GLF. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients older than 65 years admitted to a regional Level I trauma center, from 2005 to 2008, after a GLF was conducted. Hospital trauma registry data were linked to state hospital discharge data and the death certificate registry. Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) were contacted to verify ultimate patient placement, with follow-up through December 2010. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze postdischarge mortality. RESULTS There were 1,352 consecutive admissions; 48% had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, and 12% died during admission. Of the patients who survived hospitalization, 51% were discharged to an SNF, 33% to home without assistance, 6% to home with assistance, and 5% to inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Within 1 year of injury, 44.6% of the patients were readmitted. The 1-year mortality for the overall cohort was 33%; for patients who were discharged alive, the 1-year mortality was 24%. After adjusting for confounders, patients discharged to an SNF had a threefold greater risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.86–4.28), compared with patients discharged home with no assistance. Of the patients discharged to an SNF, 48% died by the end of the follow-up period (mean, 28.2 months), and 61% of these patients died while residing at an SNF. CONCLUSION GLFs in the elderly result in severe injury, high rate of readmissions, and increased mortality, both in-hospital and after discharge. Overall, only one third of the patients were discharged home to independent living. Future efforts should examine whether improvements in the quality of posthospital care affect both mortality and functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.
Collision-Fast Atomic Broadcast

Atomic Broadcast, an important abstraction in dependable distributed computing, is usually implemented by solving infinitely many instances of the well-known consensus problem. Some asynchronous consensus algorithms achieve the optimal latency of two (message) steps but cannot guarantee this latency even in good runs, those with timely message delivery and no crashes. This is due to collisions, a result of concurrent proposals. Collision-fast consensus algorithms, which decide within two steps in good runs, exist under certain conditions. Their direct application to solving atomic broadcast, though, does not guarantee delivery in two steps for all messages unless a single failure is tolerated. We show a simple way to build a fault-tolerant collision-fast Atomic Broadcast algorithm based on a variation of the consensus problem we call M-Consensus. Our solution to M-Consensus extends the Paxos protocol to allow multiple processes, instead of the single leader, to have their proposals learned in two steps.
Globules and Pillars in Cygnus X I. Herschel Far-infrared imaging of the Cyg OB2 environment

The radiative feedback of massive stars on molecular clouds creates pillars, globules and other features at the interface between the HII region and molecular cloud. We present here Herschel observations between 70 and 500 micron of the immediate environment of the Cygnus OB2 association, performed within the HOBYS program. All structures were detected based on their appearance at 70 micron, and have been classified as pillars, globules, evaporating gasous globules (EGGs), proplyd-like objects, and condensations. From the 70 and 160 micron flux maps, we derive the local FUV field on the PDR surfaces. In parallel, we use a census of the O-stars to estimate the overall FUV-field, that is 10^3-10^4 G_0 close to the central OB cluster (within 10 pc) and decreases down to a few tens G_0, in a distance of 50 pc. From a SED fit to the four longest Herschel wavelengths, we determine column density and temperature maps and derive masses, volume densities and surface densities for these structures. We find that the morphological classification corresponds to distinct physical properties. Pillars and globules have the longest estimated photoevaporation lifetimes, a few 10^6 yr, while all other features should survive less than that. These lifetimes are consistent with that found in simulations of turbulent, UV-illuminated clouds. We propose a tentative evolutionary scheme in which pillars can evolve into globules, which in turn then evolve into EGGs, condensations and proplyd-like objects.
The evolution of operational code analysis

Operational code analysis has evolved from a classic work by Nathan Leites, A Study of Bolshevism (1953), in which he first analyzed the operational code of the Politburo as a mix of cognitive heuristics and characterological personality traits that influenced Soviet decision making. Alexander George and Ole Holsti then isolated the cognitive aspects of the operational code construct and conceptualized them as a typology of political belief systems. Other scholars have applied this typology to explain the link between the beliefs and behavior of American foreign policymakers. The mixed results from these efforts have led to a revival of interest in the relationship between the cognitive and the characterological dimensions of operational code analysis. The aim of contemporary operational code analysis is a theoretical synthesis of the cognitive and affective influences upon foreign policy decisions identified by middle-range cognitive and motivational theories of political psychology.
Cladribine with or without prednisone in the treatment of previously treated and untreated B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia — updated results of the multicentre study of 378 patients

Between January 1992 and January 1999, we treated 378 B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients with cladribine (2‐CdA), and 255 of the patients were also treated with prednisone. A total of 194 patients were previously untreated, and 184 had relapsed or refractory disease after previous other therapy. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 111 (29.4%) and partial response (PR) in 138 (36.5%) patients, giving an overall response (OR) rate of 65.9%. CR and OR were achieved more frequently in patients in whom 2‐CdA was a first‐line treatment (45.4% and 82.5% respectively) than in the pretreated group (12.5% and 48.4% respectively) (P < 0.0001). The median duration of OR for previously untreated patients was 14.7 months and for pretreated patients 13.5 months (P = 0.09). The median survival evaluated from the beginning of 2‐CdA treatment was shorter in the pretreated group (16.3 months) than in the untreated group (19.4 months) (P < 0.0001). A total of 117 (63.9%) patients died in the pretreated group and 63 (32.6%) in the untreated group. In pretreated patients, 2‐CdA + prednisone (P) and 2‐CdA alone resulted in similar OR (51.0% and 45.0% respectively; P = 0.4). In contrast, in untreated patients, 2‐CdA + P produced a higher OR (85.4%) than 2‐CdA alone (72.1%) (P = 0.04). Infections and fever of unknown origin, observed in 91 (49.4%) pretreated and 74 (38.1%) untreated patients (P = 0.03), were the most frequent toxic effects. Our results indicate that 2‐CdA is an effective, relatively well‐tolerated drug, especially in previously untreated CLL.