Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taiwanese Preservice Teachers' Conceptions of Nature and the Nature of Science.

This study examined views of the human relationship with the natural world and understandings about the nature of science (NOS) held by preservice elementary teachers in the context of Taiwan. The participants included 54 third-year students enrolled in the departments of science education and mathematics education at a teacher college. Data were gathered by two open-ended questionnaires with follow-up interviews. An anthropocentric-moderate continuum emerged to describe participants' views of humanity's relationship with nature. Participants with informed NOS conceptions were more likely to emphasize harmony with Nature, recognize the limitations of scientific knowledge, and accept the idea that science involves subjective and cultural components. On the other hand, participants who provided a pragmatic perspective of Nature seemed to possess narrow views about the scientific enterprises by describing science as close to technology and as a mathematical benefit. The results in this study depict a group of nonwestern preservice teachers' worldviews and reveal the interplay between their sociocultural beliefs and NOS conceptions. People with different worldviews may have differing views about science. The study calls for the consideration of incorporating sociocultural perspectives in science instruction and the need for introducing contemporary conceptions of the NOS to science learners. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document
Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific: origins, pathways and budgets

We analyze the Asian outtow of CO, ozone, and nitrogen oxides (NO x) to the Paciic in spring by using the GEOS-CHEM global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry and simulating the PEM-West B aircraft mission in February-March 1994. The GEOS-CHEM model uses assimilated meteorological elds from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS). It reproduces relatively well the main features of tropospheric ozone, CO and reactive nitrogen species observed in PEM-West B, including the latitudinal and vertical gradients of the Asian pollution outtow over the western Paciic. We use CO as a long-lived tracer to diagnose the processes contributing to the outtow. The highest concentrations in the outtow are in the boundary layer (0-2 km), but the strongest outtow uxes are in the lower free troposphere (2-5 km) and reeect episodic lifting of pollution over central and eastern China ahead of eastward-moving cold fronts. This frontal lifting, followed by westerly transport in the lower free troposphere, is the principal process responsible for export of both anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution from Asia. Anthropogenic emissions from Europe and biomass burning emissions from Africa make also major contributions to the Asian outtow over the western Paciic; European sources dominate in the lower troposphere north of 40 N latitudes while African sources are important in the upper troposphere at low latitudes. For the period of PEM-West B (February-March), we estimate that fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning make comparable contributions to the budgets of CO, ozone, and NO x in the Asian outtow. We nd that 13% of NO x emitted in Asia is exported as NO x or PAN, a smaller fraction than for the United States because of higher aerosol concentrations that promote heterogeneous conversion of NO x to HNO 3. Production and export of ozone from Asia in spring is much greater than from the United States because of the higher photochemical activity. 3
The Effects of Different Ventilatory Settings on Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammatory Responses During Major Surgery

Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes (VT) and zero or low positive end-expiratory pressure increased mediator release to inflammatory stimuli or acute lung injury. We studied whether mechanical ventilation modifies the inflammatory responses during major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Sixty-four patients undergoing elective thoracotomy (n = 34) or laparotomy (n = 30) were randomized to receive either mechanical ventilation with VT = 12 or 15 mL/kg ideal body weight, respectively, and zero end-expiratory pressure, or VT = 6 mL/kg ideal body weight with positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O. In 62 patients who completed the study, arterial oxygena- tion was not different between groups. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were determined by cytometric bead array in plasma after 0, 1, 2, and 3 h and in tracheal aspirates after 3 h of mechanical ventilation. Data were log-transformed and analyzed using parametric or nonparametric tests, as indicated. All plasma mediators increased more during abdominal than during thoracic surgery, although the differences were small. However, neither time course nor concentrations of pulmonary or systemic mediators differed between the two ventilatory settings. Our data suggest that the ventilatory settings we studied do not affect inflammatory reactions during major surgery within 3 h.
Separating the Odds: Thresholds for Entropy in Logistic Regression

Abstract Researchers are often reluctant to rely on classification rates because a model with favorable classification rates but poor separation may not replicate well. In comparison, entropy captures information about borderline cases unlikely to generalize to the population. In logistic regression, the correctness of predicted group membership is known, however, this information has not yet been utilized in entropy calculations. The purpose of this study was to, 1) introduce three new variants of entropy as approximate-model-fit measures, 2) establish rule-of-thumb thresholds to determine whether a theoretical model fits the data, and 3) investigate empirical Type I error and statistical power associated with those thresholds. Results are presented from two Monte Carlo simulations. Simulation results indicated that EFR-rescaled was the most representative of overall model effect size, whereas EFR provided the most intuitive interpretation for all group size ratios. Empirically-derived thresholds are provided.
Programma Akademie-onderzoekers

Vraag 1-3 in te vullen door onderzoeker en verantwoordelijke hoogleraar 1. gegevens onderzoekvoorstel: a. universiteit: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen b. wetenschapsgebied (zie bijlage A Indeling van de vijf wetenschapsgebieden): Gedrags-en maatschappijwetenschappen c. titel onderzoekvoorstel (Nederlands): netwerkinbedding en solidariteit in het werk d. titel onderzoekvoorstel (Engels): network embeddedness and solidarity at work 2.
Confirmation and Distribution of Tetrodotoxin for the First Time in Terrestrial Invertebrates: Two Terrestrial Flatworm Species (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense)

The potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is known from a diverse array of taxa, but is unknown in terrestrial invertebrates. Tetrodotoxin is a low molecular weight compound that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, inducing paralysis. However, the origins and ecological functions of TTX in most taxa remain mysterious. Here, we show that TTX is present in two species of terrestrial flatworm (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense) using a competitive inhibition enzymatic immunoassay to quantify the toxin and high phase liquid chromatography to confirm the presence. We also investigated the distribution of TTX throughout the bodies of the flatworms and provide evidence suggesting that TTX is used during predation to subdue large prey items. We also show that the egg capsules of B. adventitium have TTX, indicating a further role in defense. These data suggest a potential route for TTX bioaccumulation in terrestrial systems.
Gender stereotypes in preschoolers’ image of scientists

ABSTRACT This paper examines how children aged 6–7, see scientists. By combining the data collected through the analysis of the drawings (Draw-a-scientist-test) and interviews, it was established that boys are more inclined to expressing gender stereotypes about scientists and showing them in their pictures. Among other stereotypical elements referring to scientists, formerly established in other studies, the most observable ones among considered preschoolers refer to the presence of the following: a lab coat, eyeglasses, scientist’s messy hair, and activity related to the field of natural sciences. The significance of this kind of research lies in getting a more complete view on children’s image of scientists through the analysis of data obtained by means of two instruments, and in the possibility of developing adequate approaches in preschool teachers’ work that could help reduce preschoolers’ stereotypical views of science and scientists.
Mining Artful Processes from Knowledge Workers' Emails

MailOfMine aims at automatically building a set of workflow models--which represent the artful processes behind knowledge workers' activities--on top of a collection of email messages. Such models formalize the unspecified agile processes that knowledge workers autonomously perform: because these models aren't defined a priori by experts but are rather inferred from real-life scenarios, they're guaranteed to respect true workflow executions. Moreover, knowledge workers can share, compare, and preserve such models to put in evidence their best practices and thus benefit the entire business. Finally, workers and organizations can analyze such processes to determine bottlenecks and delays in actual executions. MailOfMine describes workflow models according to a declarative approach, with a specific visual notation.
Megadalton-node assembly by binding of Skb1 to the membrane anchor Slf1

The methyltransferase Skb1 and the previously uncharacterized protein Slf1 physically interact and colocalize at a 1:1 molar ratio in cortical nodes. Skb1 and Slf1 are mutually dependent for node localization, and the Slf1 C-terminus binds to lipids for anchoring nodes at the plasma membrane.
Fluctuating Hydrodynamics of Reaction-Diffusion Systems

We develop numerical methods for reaction-diffusion systems based on the equations of fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD). While the FHD formulation is formally described by stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), it becomes similar to the reaction-diffusion master equation (RDME) description when those SPDEs are spatially discretized and reactions are modeled as a source term having Poisson fluctuations. However, unlike the RDME, the FHD description naturally extends from the regime where fluctuations are strong, i.e., each hydrodynamic cell has few (reactive) molecules, to regimes with moderate or weak fluctuations, and ultimately to the deterministic limit. By treating diffusion implicitly, we avoid the severe restriction on time step size that limits all methods based on explicit treatments of diffusion, and construct numerical methods that are more efficient than RDME methods, without compromising accuracy. We find that an implicit midpoint tau leaping scheme attains second-order weak accuracy for the linearized FHD, and gives an accurate and stable structure factor for a time step size an order of magnitude larger than the hopping time scale of diffusing molecules. We study the numerical accuracy of our methods for the Schlogl reaction-diffusion model both in and out of thermodynamic equilibrium. We demonstrate and quantify the importance of thermodynamic fluctuations to the formation of a two-dimensional Turing-like pattern, and examine the effect of fluctuations on three-dimensional chemical front propagation. By comparing FHD simulations to deterministic reaction-diffusion simulations, we show that fluctuations accelerate pattern formation in spatially homogeneous systems, and lead to a qualitatively-different disordered pattern behind a traveling wave.
Class Politics and Social Protection: The Implementation of India's MGNREGA

In this paper, I direct attention to the role of class politics in shaping the outcomes of social protection interventions. I highlight the ways in which class politics is constituted by the interaction of class relations and the balance of substantive class power in a polity. I demonstrate the ways in which variations in class politics influence outcomes of a large social protection programme in India, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). In localities where either of the elite classes has successfully co-opted or eliminated the other, their stark contradictions against the interests of agricultural labourers result in them sabotaging the labour-friendly MGNREGA or implementing it half-heartedly. On the other hand, in localities characterised by an overarching framework of contest between the precarious classes and the entrenched classes, dominant class hostility to agricultural labourers is dissipated and labour-friendly programmes such as the MGNREGA have a chance of being implemented. However, the transformative aspect of the programme’s intent, in terms of dissolving the relations of power that bolster poverty, appears to be more in evidence in localities where emergent classes with precarious surpluses, together with agricultural labourers, challenge the influence of the entrenched classes. In these localities, the implementation of the programme, even where fraught with difficulties, contributes to dissolving hierarchical relations and establishing egalitarian ones.
Modeling the thermoelectric properties of bulk and nanocomposite thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials are materials which are capable of converting heat directly into electricity. They have long been used in specialized fields where high reliability is needed, such as space power generation. Recently, certain nanostructured materials have been fabricated with high thermoelectric properties than those of commercial bulk materials, leading to a renewed interest in thermoelectrics. One of these types of nanostructured materials is nanocomposites, which are materials with either nanosized grains or particles on the nanometer scale embedded in a host material. Nanocomposites present many challenges in modeling due to their random nature and unknown grain boundary scattering mechanisms. In this thesis we introduce new models for phonon and electron transport in nanocomposites. For phonon modeling we develop an analytical formula for the phonon thermal conductivity using the effective medium approximation, while for electron modeling and more detailed phonon modeling we use the Boltzmann equation to calculate the thermoelectric properties. To model nanocomposites we incorporate a grain boundary scattering relaxation time. The models allow us to better understand the transport processes in nanocomposites and help identify strategies for material selection and fabrication. Thesis Supervisor: Gang Chen Title: Warren and Townley Rohsenow Professor of Mechanical Engineering
The Danish Political Twin Study: Political Traits in Danish Twins and the General Population

We compare a recent Danish twin survey on political attitudes and behaviors to a nationally representative survey covering similar topics. We find very similar means and variances for most of our constructed scales of political attitudes and behaviors in the two surveys, although even small differences tend to be statistically significant due to sample size. This suggests that the twin study can be used to make inferences on the heritability of several political traits in the Danish population.
Localization with Respect to Certain Periodic Homology Theories

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The Mind-Body Interaction in Disease

The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body's own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.
HOW TO TALK TO A DEAF WIZARD

So-called Wizard-of-Oz (WOZ) simulations are a popular framework for investigating the nature of human machine interaction in general and for the development and evaluation of designs for spoken dialog systems in particular. In this paper a WOZ simulation of a speech based ticket reservation system is presented. In contrast to most of the studies performed in this framework we are not concerned with the evaluation of different dialogue designs. In our experiment the WOZ frequently rejected or misrecognised user utterances. The findings on the prosodic properties of repeats and corrections triggered by these recognition errors are presented. In addition some data on the lexical content of the user utterances is discussed.
Lymphatic Vessel Function and Lymphatic Growth Factor Secretion after Microvascular Lymph Node Transfer in Lymphedema Patients

Background: Recent reports have shown that microvascular lymph node transfer may improve lymphatic drainage in lymphedema patients. Lymphatic anastomoses are expected to form spontaneously in response to lymphatic growth factor [vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C)] secreted by the transferred lymph nodes. Methods: We have analyzed the results of 19 lymph node transfer patients operated on 2007–2012. Postoperat ive lymphatic function of the affected arm was evaluated using semiquantitative lymphoscintigraphy (transport index) and limb circumference measurements. To investigate the postoperative VEGF-C secretion, we examined axillary seroma fluid samples after different surgical operations, including lymph node transfer. Results: The transport index was improved postoperatively in 7 of 19 patients. Ten of the 19 patients were able to reduce or even discontinue using compression garments. Arm circumferences were reduced in 12 of 19 patients. Six of the 7 patients with preoperative erysipelas infections have not had infectious episodes postoperatively during 15–67 months follow-up. Neuropathic pain was relieved in 5 of 5 patients. VEGF-C protein was detected in the axillary seroma fluid both after lymph node transfer and normal breast reconstruction. Conclusions: Reconstructing the lymphatic anatomy of the axilla with a lymph node flap may offer possibilities that other reconstructive options are lacking. However, we will need further reports and comparative studies about the clinical efficacy of this new promising technique. In addition to the transferred lymph nodes, lymphatic growth factor production may also be induced by other factors related to microvascular breast reconstruction.
Subsurface Monitoring of Geological CO 2 Storage Investigators

Abstract Geological sequestration can be used to reduce greenhouse CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The three potential geological storage options are depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, and unminable coal beds. Subsurface monitoring will be necessary for leak detection, to provide information for optimizing injection, and to support the safety case that will be required for site licensing. Leak detection is probably the main concern, though other applications such as monitoring for verification of sequestered volumes may be important. Although our feasibility study show that subsurface CO2 monitoring may be possible with a number of different geophysical methods, we believe that seismic is the key technology because of its effectiveness at detecting small volumes, its pervasive applicability in different geological settings, and its potential for high spatialand temporal-resolution as may be needed during the lifetime of an storage site.
Retail Investor Sentiment and Return Comovements

Using a database of more than 1.85 million retail investor transactions over 1991–1996, we show that these trades are systematically correlated—that is, individuals buy (or sell) stocks in concert. Moreover, consistent with noise trader models, we find that systematic retail trading explains return comovements for stocks with high retail concentration (i.e., small‐cap, value, lower institutional ownership, and lower‐priced stocks), especially if these stocks are also costly to arbitrage. Macroeconomic news and analyst earnings forecast revisions do not explain these results. Collectively, our findings support a role for investor sentiment in the formation of returns.
Folliculogenesis Is Not Fully Inhibited during GnRH Analogues Treatment in Mice Challenging Their Efficiency to Preserve the Ovarian Reserve during Chemotherapy in This Model

As many chemotherapy regimens induce follicular depletion, fertility preservation became a major concern in young cancer patients. By maintaining follicles at the resting stage, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) were proposed as an ovarian-protective option during chemotherapy. However, their efficacy and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Mice were dosed with cyclophosphamide (Cy, 100–500mg/kg i.p) to quantify follicular depletion and evaluate apoptosis at different times. We observed a dose-dependent depletion of the follicular reserve within 24 hours after Cy injection with a mean follicular loss of 45% at the dose of 200mg/kg. Apoptosis occurs in the granulosa cells of growing follicles within 12 hours after Cy treatment, while no apoptosis was detected in resting follicles suggesting that chemotherapy acutely affects both resting and growing follicles through different mechanisms. We further tested the ability of both GnRH agonist and antagonist to inhibit oestrus cycles, follicular growth and FSH secretion in mice and to protect ovarian reserve against chemotherapy. Although GnRHa were efficient to disrupt oestrus cycles, they failed to inhibit follicular development, irrespective of the doses and injection sites (sc or im). Around 20% of healthy growing follicles were still observed during GnRHa treatment and serum FSH levels were not reduced either by antagonist or agonist. GnRHa had no effect on Cy-induced follicular damages. Thus, we showed that GnRHa were not as efficient at inhibiting the pituitary-gonadal axis in mice as in human. Furthermore, the acute depletion of primordial follicles observed after chemotherapy does not support the hypothesis that the ovary may be protected by gonadotropin suppression.