Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The X-ray soft excess in classical T Tauri stars

Aims. We study an anomaly in the X-ray flux (or luminosity) ratio between the O vii $\lambda\lambda$21.6-22.1 triplet and the O viii Ly α line seen in classical T Tauri stars (CTTS). This ratio is unusually high when compared with ratios for main-sequence and non-accreting T Tauri stars (Telleschi et al. 2007c, A&A, 468, 443). We compare these samples to identify the source of the excess. A sample of recently discovered X-ray stars with a soft component attributed to jet emission is also considered. Methods. We discuss data obtained from the XMM-Newton Extended Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud (XEST) project, complemented by data from the published literature. We also present data from the CTTS RU Lup. Results. All CTTS in the sample show an anomalous O vii/O viii flux ratio when compared with WTTS or MS stars. The anomaly is due to an excess of cool, O vii emitting material rather than a deficiency of hotter plasma. The excess plasma must therefore have temperatures of $\la$2 MK. This soft excess does not correlate with UV excesses of CTTS, but seems to be related to the stellar X-ray luminosity. The spectra of the jet-driving TTS do not fit into this context. Conclusions. The soft excess depends both on the presence of accretion streams in CTTS and on magnetic activity. The gas may be shock-heated near the surface, although it may also be heated in the magnetospheric accretion funnels. The soft component of the jet-driving sources is unlikely to be due to the same process.
The individual in the changing working life: introduction

Working life has undergone changes since the 1990s that have entailed both threats and challenges for employees. While these transformations have resulted in advances and benefits for some employees, they have been experienced less positively by others. When examining these changes, it is therefore essential not only to focus on what has actually taken place, but also to take the perceptions of individuals into account. By expanding the knowledge of both the negative and positive aspects of working life from the individual's perspective, we can gain a better understanding of the nature of the changing working life. Such knowledge would help provide insight into individuals’ reactions and also aid in determining how different aspects of working life can be dealt with in the most positive way. The purpose of this book is to provide a step in this direction by focusing on how individuals react to the salient phenomena of contemporary working life, and how organizations can provide the most beneficial environment for their employees. Working life in transition Observers describing the emerging working life indicate that recent decades have been marked by a number of transitions (e.g. Burke and Nelson, 1998; Tetrick and Quick, 2003). These changes include technological advances that minimize the need for manual labor, improvements in information technology that maximize the accessibility and ease of communication, and expanding globalization that has made it possible for employees from different parts of the world to call each other colleagues.
The Persistence of Hazing in the Military

Abstract : Some organizations around the world have established and practiced rituals that go beyond the organization's written guideline. These rituals are used to enforce discipline and screen potential new members. Unfortunately, these rituals often cross the line into hazing. Hazing has become a significant problem in the US military. Hazing not only degrades morale and disciple but also affects training and readiness. There has been a significant amount of research done in the civilian community in the hope of understanding the scope of hazing that is happening within university's fraternities, sororities, and athletic teams. However, there is no pertinent data regarding military hazing incidents. Hazing is a social problem that has continuously plagued the military. Each branch of the US military has strict Anti-hazing policies and requires documented annual training. Throughout their military careers, service members will abide by regulations and attend this training. However, sometimes they instinctively revert back to their learned behavior and submit to the group thinking phenomenon.
Decentralized Approaches to Logistics Coordi- nation in Humanitarian Relief

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian relief provide supplies and services to people in need. Transportation and logistics are big parts of NGO operations, as agencies transport and distribute supplies to and within the affected regions. Improving efficiency of their logistics systems has potential to significantly decrease agencies’ operational costs and expand their services. Logistical coordination in humanitarian relief can bring together players with various expertise, experiences and capabilities within an affected region to share and mutually benefit from collaborative work. Coordination is commonly adopted in commercial settings; however, in the humanitarian relief domain, there has been limited success in coordination among NGOs. We present findings from an ongoing joint university – nonprofit organization research project on logistical coordination in humanitarian relief. We work closely with logistics personnel for NGOs to get an in-depth understanding of operations in practice. We identify critical components and challenges related to coordination and recommend strategies to overcome these obstacles, focusing on decentralized approaches. Our research goal is to use the expertise of our nonprofit partner, Aidmatrix Foundation, who has implemented coordination platforms in other humanitarian domains, distributing food, medical supplies and disaster relief, to develop a new system to enable logistical coordination in humanitarian relief.
ARE THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF 17??-ESTRADIOL ON SPLENIC MACROPHAGES AND SPLENOCYTES AFTER TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGE MEDIATED VIA ESTROGENRECEPTOR (ER)-?? OR ER-???

The depression in cell-mediated immune function following trauma-hemorrhage is shown to be restored by 17 -estradiol (E2) administration. However, it remains unknown which of the two estrogenreceptors, (ER)or ER, plays the predominant role in mediating the beneficial effects of E2. Female B57BL/J6 ER/ transgenic mice [knockout (KO)] and corresponding ovariectomized wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35.0 5.0 mmHg for 90 min) and treated with E2 (50 g/25 g) or ERagonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT; 50 g/25 g) following traumahemorrhage. Four hours after resuscitation, systemic cytokine concentrations and cytokine release by splenocytes and splenic macrophages were determined by cytometric bead array. Trauma-hemorrhage resulted in a significant increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. In contrast, the release of these cytokines by splenic macrophages was decreased significantly in WT and KO animals. Administration of E2 or PPT following trauma-hemorrhage produced a significant reduction in systemic TNFand IL-6 concentrations in WT and KO mice. Although the suppression in the productive capacity of these cytokines following trauma-hemorrhage by macrophages and splenocyte was also prevented in E2and PPT-treated WT mice, the release of cytokines by macrophages and splenocytes in E2and PPT-treated KO mice was not restored to the levels observed in sham animals. These findings collectively suggest that both receptors appear to play a significant role in mediating the immunoprotective effects of E2 in different tissue compartments following trauma-hemorrhage. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79: 000–000; 2006.
Culture and industrial buyer behavior : The Arab experience by

*The author would like to thank associate professor Hans Mathias Thjømøe at the Norwegian School of Management BI, for his participation in the interviewing process and Mr. Carl Ottar Rafner, Norwegian Trade Council, Abu Dhabi, for his assistance in organizing and setting up the interviews, and for partially funding the research.
Embodied Music Cognition: Trouble Ahead, Trouble Behind

These are interesting times for the Embodied Music Cognition (EMC) framework. Briefly summarized, EMC relies upon the hypothesis that embodied sensorimotor engagement is essential to both production and perception of music (Leman, 2008; Leman and Maes, 2014). This hypothesis, while suitable for accommodating different research methods used in empirical musicology (Godøy and Leman, 2010), may be regarded as inherently rather abstract. In the light of recent critical accounts on the foundations of embodied approaches to cognition as such (e.g., Goldinger et al., 2016, point out that premises like “perception is influenced by the body” are unacceptably vague), EMC hypothesis begs for further specification. Anticipating it, Leman and Maes (2014) suggested that the process of disambiguating what EMC hypothesis stands for, may take two forms. Firstly, the key would be to show that “embodiment plays a core role in an interconnected network of cognitive and emotive functions” and this network would be “further crucial in affect processing, conceptualization, tool use, and the entire array of functions needed to make sense of music” (Leman and Maes, 2014, p. 237). Second option, which as Leman and Maes (2014, p. 237) suggest “narrows down the perspective in order to find empirical evidence for a specific hypothesis,” would be to show that “the effect of action is essential to making sense of music. ” In order to constructively contribute to the development of Leman and Maes’ intuitions as to where EMC research should go, in what follows I will consider some challenges that may be of interests to both theoretically and empirically minded researchers.
Design and testing of a low-power wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring of bridges

This paper describes the design and testing of a wireless sensor network based on the SmartBrick, a low-power SHM device developed by the authors. The SmartBrick serves as the base station for the network, which utilizes additional sensor nodes to periodically evaluate the condition of the structure. Each node measures vibration, tilt, humidity, and strain, and is designed for easy interfacing of virtually any other analog or digital sensor. The sensor nodes use Zigbee to transmit their data to the base station, which in turn uses the GSM cellular phone network to provide long-range communication and support for remote control. The system has been designed from the outset to minimize power consumption, and is projected to operate autonomously for up to four years without any on-site maintenance, due largely to the minimal power consumption and rugged design. Remote calibration over the GSM network further increases the autonomy of the system. Most importantly, it can perform all requisite actions with no cables for power or communication. The focus of this paper is the addition of short-range wireless communication over Zigbee. This allows a network of several devices to be used to monitor larger structures, such as multi-span bridges. Results of laboratory testing are included and discussed in detail, demonstrating the unique capabilities of the proposed SHM system.
Fluctuating viability selection on morphology of cliff swallows is driven by climate

The extent to which fluctuating selection can maintain evolutionary stasis in most populations remains an unresolved question in evolutionary biology. Climate has been hypothesized to drive reversals in the direction of selection among different time periods and may also be responsible for intense episodic selection caused by rare weather events. We measured viability selection associated with morphological traits in cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in western Nebraska, USA, over a 14‐year period following a rare climatic event. We used mark‐recapture to estimate the annual apparent survival of over 26 000 individuals whose wing, tail, tarsus and bill had been measured. The fitness functions associated with tarsus length and bill dimensions fluctuated depending on annual climate conditions on the birds' breeding grounds. The oscillating yearly patterns may have slowed and occasionally reversed directional change in trait trajectories, although there was a trend over time for all traits except tarsus to increase in size. The net positive directional selection on some traits, despite periodic climate‐associated fluctuations, suggests that cliff swallow morphology in the population is likely to keep changing and supports recent work contending that selection in general does not fluctuate enough to be an effective driver of stasis.
DEEP SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF INFRARED-FAINT RADIO SOURCES: HIGH-REDSHIFT RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI?

Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRSs) are a rare class of objects which are relatively bright at radio wavelengths but very faint at infrared and optical wavelengths. Here we present sensitive near-infrared observations of a sample of these sources taken as part of the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey. Nearly all the IFRSs are undetected at a level of ∼1 μJy in these new deep observations, and even the detections are consistent with confusion with unrelated galaxies. A stacked image implies that the median flux density is S3.6 μm ∼ 0.2 μJy or less, giving extreme values of the radio-infrared flux density ratio. Comparison of these objects with known classes of object suggests that the majority are probably high-redshift radio-loud galaxies, possibly suffering from significant dust extinction.
Prognostic Value of Troponin I for Infarct Size to Improve Preclinical Myocardial Infarction Small Animal Models

Coronary artery ligations to induce myocardial infarction (MI) in mice and rats are widely used in preclinical investigation. However, myocardial ischemic damage and subsequent infarct size are highly variable. The lack of standardization of the model impairs the probability of effective translation to the clinic. Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is a major clinically relevant biomarker. Aim: In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of cTnI for early estimation of the infarct size. Methods and Results: Infarcts of different sizes were induced in mice and rats by ligation, at a random site, of the coronary artery. Kinetics of the plasma levels of cTnI were measured. Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography, the percentage of infarcted left ventricle and infarct expansion index were assessed from histological section. We observed that plasma cTnI level peaked at 24 h in the infarcted rats and between 24 and 48 h in mice. Sham operated animals had a level of cTnI below 15 ng/mL. Infarct expansion index (EI) assessed 4 weeks after ligation showed a large variation coefficient of 63 and 71% in rats and mice respectively. We showed a significative correlation between cTnI level and the EI demonstrating its predictive value for myocardial injury in small animal models. Conclusion: we demonstrated the importance of cTnI plasma level as a major early marker to assist in the optimal and efficient management of MI in laboratory animals model. The presented results stress the need for comparable biomarkers in the animal model and clinical trials for improved translation.
High expression of HMGA2 predicts poor survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes and is upregulated in several tumors, but its role in renal carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HMGA2 and its relationship to the overall survival (OS) of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. The expression of HMGA2 was evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 162 patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy in 2003 and 2004. An IHC analysis revealed that HMGA2 was expressed in the nuclei of tumor cells in 146 (90.1%) patients with ccRCC. The level of HMGA2 was positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and Fuhrman Grade. A Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test found that patients with high HMGA2 expression had a poor outcome and that patients with low HMGA2 expression had better survival. Cox regression analysis showed that HMGA2 expression could serve as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. The efficacy of the following prognostic models was improved when HMGA2 expression was added: tumor node metastasis stage, UCLA Integrated Scoring System, Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade, and necrosis score. In summary, this study showed that HMGA2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with ccRCC. HMGA2 was found to be a valuable biomarker for ccRCC progression.
No . 18 Cognitive Processes in Creativity

"Creative" is a word with many uses. Sometimes it is used to describe the potential of a person to produce creative works whether they have produced any work as yet or not. Sometimes it is used to describe every-day behaviors as, for example, when a nursery school curriculum is said to encourage creative activities such as drawing or story telling. In this essay, I will restrict the meaning of the term in two ways: First, I will be concerned solely with creative productivity, that is, with creativity expressed in the actual production of creative works and not with the unexpressed potential for producing such works. Second, I will be concerned only with creative acts at the highest level, that is, with the best and most valued works of our artists, scientists, and scholars.
The Effect of Chitin Size, Shape, Source and Purification Method on Immune Recognition

The animal immune response to chitin is not well understood and needs to be investigated further. However, this is a challenging topic to study because of the technical difficulties in purifying chitin, and because this material usually comes associated with contaminating components that can activate the immune system. In this study, improvements to previously described purification protocols were investigated for chitin obtained from different sources, including commercial shellfish, Candida albicans yeast and hyphal cell walls, as well as cell walls of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor circinelloides. The immune response to these different chitin preparations was tested using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In agreement with previous literature, small chitin particles of an average size of 0.2 µm were not immunogenic. On the other hand, bigger chitin particles induced in some cases a pro-inflammatory response. The results of this work suggest that not only the purity and size of the chitin particles, but also their shape can influence immune recognition.
Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: evidence from digital imaging

There is empirical evidence that established firms often have difficulty adapting to radical technological change. Although prior work in the evolutionary tradition emphasizes the inertial forces associated with the local nature of learning processes, little theoretical attention has been devoted in this tradition to understanding how managerial cognition affects the adaptive intelligence of organizations. Through an in‐depth case study of the response of the Polaroid Corporation to the ongoing shift from analog to digital imaging, we expand upon this work by examining the relationship between managers' understanding of the world and the accumulation of organizational capabilities. The Polaroid story clearly illustrates the importance of managerial cognitive representations in directing search processes in a new learning environment, the evolutionary trajectory of organizational capabilities, and ultimately processes of organizational adaptation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DeepSentiBank: Visual Sentiment Concept Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper introduces a visual sentiment concept classification method based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The visual sentiment concepts are adjective noun pairs (ANPs) automatically discovered from the tags of web photos, and can be utilized as effective statistical cues for detecting emotions depicted in the images. Nearly one million Flickr images tagged with these ANPs are downloaded to train the classifiers of the concepts. We adopt the popular model of deep convolutional neural networks which recently shows great performance improvement on classifying large-scale web-based image dataset such as ImageNet. Our deep CNNs model is trained based on Caffe, a newly developed deep learning framework. To deal with the biased training data which only contains images with strong sentiment and to prevent overfitting, we initialize the model with the model weights trained from ImageNet. Performance evaluation shows the newly trained deep CNNs model SentiBank 2.0 (or called DeepSentiBank) is significantly improved in both annotation accuracy and retrieval performance, compared to its predecessors which mainly use binary SVM classification models.
An Adaptor Molecule Afadin Regulates Lymphangiogenesis by Modulating RhoA Activity in the Developing Mouse Embryo

Afadin is an intracellular binding partner of nectins, cell-cell adhesion molecules, and plays important roles in the formation of cell-cell junctions. Afadin-knockout mice show early embryonic lethality, therefore little is known about the function of afadin during organ development. In this study, we generated mice lacking afadin expression in endothelial cells, and found that the majority of these mice were embryonically lethal as a result of severe subcutaneous edema. Defects in the lymphatic vessels of the skin were observed, although the morphology in the blood vessels was almost normal. Severe disruption of VE-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions occurred only in lymphatic endothelial cells, but not in blood endothelial cells. Knockout of afadin did not affect the differentiation and proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells. Using in vitro assays with blood and lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs and LMVECs, respectively), knockdown of afadin caused elongated cell shapes and disruption of cell-cell junctions among LMVECs, but not BMVECs. In afadin-knockdown LMVECs, enhanced F-actin bundles at the cell periphery and reduced VE-cadherin immunostaining were found, and activation of RhoA was strongly increased compared with that in afadin-knockdown BMVECs. Conversely, inhibition of RhoA activation in afadin-knockdown LMVECs restored the cell morphology. These results indicate that afadin has different effects on blood and lymphatic endothelial cells by controlling the levels of RhoA activation, which may critically regulate the lymphangiogenesis of mouse embryos.
Generalised Fourier and Toeplitz results for

This paper provides a generalisation of certain classical Fourier convergence and asymptotic Toeplitz matrix properties to the case where the underlying orthonormal basis is not the conventional trigonometric one, but a rational generalisation which encompasses the trigonometric one as a special case. These generalised Fourier and Toeplitz results have particular application in dynamic system estimation theory. Speciically, the results allow a uniied treatment of the accuracy of least squares system estimation using a range of model structures, including those that allow the injection of prior knowledge of system dynamics via the speciication of xed pole or zero locations.