Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orienting to threat: faster localization of fearful facial expressions and body postures revealed by saccadic eye movements

Most studies investigating speeded orientation towards threat have used manual responses. By measuring orienting behaviour using eye movements a more direct and ecologically valid measure of attention can be made. Here, we used a forced-choice saccadic and manual localization task to investigate the speed of discrimination for fearful and neutral body and face images. Fearful/neutral body or face pairs were bilaterally presented for either 20 or 500 ms. Results showed faster saccadic orienting to fearful body and face emotions compared with neutral only at the shortest presentation time (20 ms). For manual responses, faster discrimination of fearful bodies and faces was observed only at the longest duration (500 ms). More errors were made when localizing neutral targets, suggesting that fearful bodies and faces may have captured attention automatically. Results were not attributable to low-level image properties as no threat bias, in terms of reaction time or accuracy, was observed for inverted presentation. Taken together, the results suggest faster localization of threat conveyed both by the face and the body within the oculomotor system. In addition, enhanced detection of fearful body postures suggests that we can readily recognize threat-related information conveyed by body postures in the absence of any face cues.
Foundations of enterprise software deployment

While software engineering has so far mainly focused on software development, software deployment is now emerging as a new research field. Software (or application) deployment is a complex process, which covers all the activities that have to be carried out, from the end of the development itself, on the producer sites, to the actual installation and maintenance of the application on the consumers' computers. This article sets up grounds for enterprise software deployment, which is the large-scale deployment of complex applications in large companies.
Autologous Breast Reconstruction in Women Older Than 65 Years Versus Women Younger Than 65 Years: A Multi-Center Analysis

BackgroundAutologous breast reconstruction has been shown to have fewer complications and superior outcomes. In the elderly patient population, a paucity of literature on the subject may render the surgeon reluctant to recommend or perform such a procedure. The objective of this study was to compare complications and satisfaction after abdominally based breast reconstruction in patients older than versus younger than 65 years. MethodsA retrospective study was performed with data from 5 North American centers from 2002 to 2012. Patients who underwent autologous reconstruction were identified retrospectively, and chart review was performed. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was sent to these patients via mail. Patient variables, operative outcomes and BREASTQ results were analyzed. The Pearson &khgr;2 and analysis of variance tests were used. Given the number of analyses, a more conservative &agr; of 0.01 was used for each comparison. ResultsA total of 1809 patients were included with 1751 patients younger than 65 years and 58 patients aged 65 years or older. Analysis of postoperative complications showed no significant differences between the age groups, though there was a trend toward higher seroma development (17.2% vs 8.1%; P = 0.013) and infection (19.0% vs 10.0%; P = 0.028) in the older group with statistical significance set at P less than 0.01 to account for multiple comparisons. A total of 1809 BREAST-Q surveys were sent with a response rate of 52.5%. Patient satisfaction results were equally high between the 2 age groups. ConclusionsThis is the largest study to compare patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction older than and younger than 65 years within the same cohort. Women older than 65 years represent a minority and constituted only 3% of patients in this multicenter 10-year review. We have shown that with careful patient selection, abdominally based autologous reconstruction should be considered in the elderly patient population because it is well tolerated and achieves high patient satisfaction.
Claudin k is specifically expressed in cells that form myelin during development of the nervous system and regeneration of the optic nerve in adult zebrafish

The zebrafish has become an important model organism to study myelination during development and after a lesion of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Here, we identify Claudin k as a myelin‐associated protein in zebrafish and determine its localization during development and adult optic nerve regeneration. We find Claudin k in subcellular compartments consistent with location in autotypic tight junctions of oligodendrocytes and myelinating Schwann cells. Expression starts in the hindbrain at 2 days (mRNA) and 3 days (protein) postfertilization and is maintained in adults. A newly generated claudin k:green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter line allowed us to characterize oligodendrocytes in the adult retina that express Claudin k and olig2, but not P0 and uniquely only form loose wraps of membrane around axons. After a crush of the adult optic nerve, Claudin k protein levels were first reduced and then recovered within 4 weeks postlesion, concomitant with optic nerve myelin de‐ and regeneration. During optic nerve regeneration, oligodendrocytes, many of which were newly generated, repopulated the lesion site and exhibited increasing morphological complexity over time. Thus, Claudin k is a novel myelin‐associated protein expressed by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells from early stages of wrapping and myelin formation in zebrafish development and adult regeneration, suggesting important functions of the gene for myelin formation and maintenance. Our Claudin k antibodies and claudin k:GFP reporter line represent excellent ways to visualize oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes in Mild or Rapidly Improving Stroke Not Treated With Intravenous Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator: Findings From Get With The Guidelines–Stroke

Background and Purpose— Mild or rapidly improving stroke is a frequently cited reason for not giving intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA), but some of these patients may have poor outcomes. We used data from a large nationwide study (Get With The Guidelines–Stroke) to determine risk factors for poor outcomes after mild or improving stroke at hospital discharge. Methods— Between 2003 and 2009, there were 29 200 ischemic stroke patients (from 1092 hospitals) arriving within 2 hours after symptom onset with mild or rapidly improving stroke symptoms as the only contraindication to rtPA. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of discharge to home. Results— Among 93 517 patients arriving within 2 hours, 31.2% (29 200) did not receive rtPA solely because of mild/improving stroke. Among the 29 200 mild/improving cases, 28.3% were not discharged to home, and 28.5% were unable to ambulate without assistance at hospital discharge. The likelihood of home discharge was strongly related to initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (P<0.001). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, patients not discharged to home were more likely to be older, female, and black; have a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and vascular risk factors; and were less likely to be taking lipid-lowering medication before admission. Conclusions— In this large, nationwide study, a sizeable minority of patients who did not receive intravenous rtPA solely because of mild/improving stroke had poor short-term outcomes, raising the possibility that stroke-related disability is relatively common, even in “mild” stroke. A controlled trial of reperfusion therapy in this population may be warranted.
The changes of gap junctions between pituitary folliculo‐stellate cells during the postnatal development of zucker fatty and lean rats

We investigated the effect of leptin on the postnatal development of gap junctions between folliculo‐stellate cells by using Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats that have defects of the functional leptin receptor. Male Zucker fatty rats (fa/fa) and male Zucker lean rats (+/+) were used at each of the following postnatal ages: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 days, and 1 year. On one of the aforementioned dates, the anterior pituitary glands were prepared for observation by transmission electron microscopy. We quantified the number of follicles and gap junctions, and calculated the rate of occurrence as the ratio of the number of gap junctions existing between folliculo‐stellate cells per intersected follicular profile. In Zucker lean male rats, the number of gap junctions remained relatively constant from days 50 to 90 (0.44 ± 0.02 to 0.49 ± 0.03), and was similar in 1 year old rats (0.47 ± 0.03). These data were statistically higher compared to Zucker fatty male rats. In Zucker fatty male rats, very few gap junctions were observed in 30‐day‐old rats (0.04 ± 0.01: mean ± SE). This disruption of gap junction formation persisted, and the number of gap junctions remained constant and showed a low level from days 40 to 90 (0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.17 ± 0.02); this finding was similar in 1‐year‐old rats (0.17 ± 0.02). These observations indicate that the effect of leptin over the gap junction formation within the anterior pituitary glands was directly mediated by interaction with the functional leptin receptor present on the folliculo‐stellate cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:31–36, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogeography of Hynobius yatsui (Amphibia: Caudata) in Kyushu, Japan

The salamander Hynobius yatsui from southwestern Japan was formerly regarded as a small-sized group of H. naevius, but has recently been resurrected as a distinct species. We investigated the phylogeography of H. yatsui from Kyushu Island using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We detected 49 haplotypes in 181 individuals from 24 localities covering the entire geographic distribution of this species on Kyushu. These haplotypes were grouped into two lineages, a northern lineage from northern and central regions, and a southern lineage from the southern region; no haplotypes were shared between the lineages. We surmise that the divergence of the two lineages was induced by volcanic activity that started in the Beppu-Shimabara Graben, between the areas occupied by these two lineages. From the results of a nested clade phylogeographical analysis, we surmise that the high intrapopulation genetic variation observed in the non-volcanic Kyushu Mountains was generated by alternation of contiguous range expansion or long-distance dispersal, and isolation. The current distribution and the observed complicated genetic structures of H. yatsui in Kyushu seem to have been affected first by volcanic activities since the late Pliocene, but subsequent climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene may also have some effects, although it is impossible at this time to differentiate the effects of these two factors.
Dysphagia and Factors Associated with Respiratory Infections in the First Week Post Stroke

Background: Dysphagia occurs in approximately half of the stroke patients and is associated with respiratory infections; however, it is unclear what other factors contribute to an increased risk. This study aimed to provide evidence on factors associated with respiratory infections in the very acute stroke period. Methods: Retrospective review of 536 stroke patients admitted to Australian Hospitals in 2010. Data were collected on 37 clinical and demographic parameters. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed. Results: The overall incidence of respiratory infection was 11%. On admission, requiring full assistance with mobility [OR 6.48, 95% CI 1.35, 31.16] and urinary incontinence [OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.16, 8.87] were associated with respiratory infections. During the first week post stroke nasogastric tubes (NGT) [OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.73, 8.80] and Nil By Mouth (NBM) [OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.54, 20.46] were associated with respiratory infections. Impaired GCS, ischaemic stroke and significantly impaired mobility were associated with swallowing difficulties. Conclusion: This study of a large cohort of acute stroke patients supports research indicating aspiration pneumonia is multifactorial in nature. NGT were associated with increased risk of respiratory infections and may contribute to infections by promoting oropharyngeal colonisation. Patients with severely impaired mobility were also at very high risk of respiratory infection.
Low Electrical Percolation Threshold of Silver and Copper Nanowires in Polystyrene Composites

Silver and copper nanowires have been synthesized using a scalable method of AC electrodeposition into porous aluminum oxide templates, which produces gram quantities of metal nanowires ca. 25 nm in diameter and up to 5 and 10 μm in length for Ag and Cu, respectively. The nanowires have been used to prepare polystyrene nanocomposites by solution processing. Electrical resistivity measurements performed on polymer nanocomposites containing different volume fractions of metal indicate that low percolation thresholds of nanowires are attained between compositions of 0.25 and 0.75 vol %.
The Adverse Impact of Maternal Obesity on Intrapartum and Perinatal Outcomes

Background. Confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the UK have repeatedly highlighted increased maternal morbidity and mortality associated with maternal obesity. Objective. To determine the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on intrapartum outcomes. Materials and Methods. A retrospective case-control analysis of intrapartum outcomes of the study group (100 women), with a BMI above 40 kg/m2 (class III Obesity) at booking and a control group (100 women) with a booking BMI between 20 and 25 kg/m2 was performed. Results. A statistically significant increase in delivery by caesarean section (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.26–4.29), minor and major postpartum haemorrhage (OR 5.93, 95% CI 2.34–11.98, OR 16.11, 95% CI 2.08–125.09, resp.), perineal trauma (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.44–4.69), and fetal macrosomia (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.25–7.79) was noted in the study group. Babies also had an increased risk of having a lower APGAR scores in the study group as compared to the control group (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.07–8.94). Conclusion. Women with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 experience increased incidence of intrapartum complications and hence, input of skilled birth attendants during labour is essential to improve intrapartum outcomes.
The Role Tabletop Exercise Using START in Improving Triage Ability in Disaster Medical Assistance Team

Triage ability is a critical skill the members of a disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) should possess. There are few data concerning the triage accuracy in the pre-hospital providers and the members of DMAT. We thus conducted a lecture-based intervention and evaluated the impact of the triage method using a written multiple-casualty incident (MCI) scenario. We enrolled and tested 30 volunteers in a local DMAT training program. The written scenario of a MCI consisted of 40 victims with 5 first priority patients, 17 second priority patients, and 18 third priority patients. The scenario was tested in the volunteers before and immediately after a one-hour lecture of Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) with slide presentation. The mean immediate post-intervention score (87.8% correct) was significantly improved compared with the mean pre-intervention score (55.8% correct) for the 30 volunteers (P<0.001). The over-triage rate was significantly reduced before (28.6%) and immediate after (1%) the intervention (P<0.001). The under-triage rate was also reduced from 15.5% to 11.2% (P<0.05). Tabletop exercises have several advantages over field operation drills. Using tabletop exercise can simulate the disaster or major incidents and evaluate critical knowledge and skills. The training model using START method in a tabletop exercise could significantly improve the triage ability and reduce overtriage and undertriage rate. (Ann Disaster Med. 2003;1:78-84)
A “Schrödinger Cat” Superposition State of an Atom

A “Schrödinger cat''-like state of matter was generated at the single atom level. A trapped 9Be+ ion was laser-cooled to the zero-point energy and then prepared in a superposition of spatially separated coherent harmonic oscillator states. This state was created by application of a sequence of laser pulses, which entangles internal (electronic) and external (motional) states of the ion. The Schrödinger cat superposition was verified by detection of the quantum mechanical interference between the localized wave packets. This mesoscopic system may provide insight into the fuzzy boundary between the classical and quantum worlds by allowing controlled studies of quantum measurement and quantum decoherence.
Survey of Foreign Body Aspiration in Airways and Lungs

Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is a very serious problem and the diversity of clinical protests in each geographic region has its own characteristics and common problems of childhood that is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. No area is separate from this problem and conducting this research is due to achieve basic information regarding foreign body aspiration. Materials and Methods: This was performed as descriptive - cross sectional study on 200 cases that has been hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia due to foreign body aspiration problem from 2009 to 2011. And all cases of foreign body aspiration records extracted and analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results: Foreign body aspiration under 4 years was 57% and was more common in males than females; approximately 74% of patients were hospitalized in the first 10 days and 13% of patients did not remember the initial incident that led to the aspiration. Cough and shortness of breath and reduced lung sounds and wheezing were common symptoms. Chest radiographic findings are not specific and can be normal of a high percentage. The most common aspirated foreign body was food especially sunflower seeds. Right bronchus with 55% of cases was more common than the left bronchus and all patients were treated with rigid bronchoscopy, 24% of patients had complications, 15% had hospitalized with pneumonia. Totally, 75% of patients were urban residents. Discussion: We need to understand all the aspects related to foreign body aspiration and education to the community, to recognize symptoms and type of foreign body in terms of geographical area and to create a strong clinical suspicion in physicians and awareness of its prevalence that by reducing the incidence and early detecting and treatment can reduce the mortality and morbidity and prevent additional expenses.
Aquaporin‐4 Deficiency Attenuates Opioid Dependence through Suppressing Glutamate Transporter‐1 Down‐regulation and Maintaining Glutamate Homeostasis

Glutamate homeostasis plays a critical role in mediating the addiction‐related behaviors. Therefore, preventing the disruption or reestablishing of it is a novel strategy for the treatment of addiction. Glutamate transporters are responsible for clearing extracellular glutamate and maintaining glutamate homeostasis. Our previous work demonstrated that aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) deficiency attenuated morphine dependence, but the mechanisms are unclear. According to the recent evidence that AQP4 might form a functional complex with glutamate transporter‐1 (GLT‐1), this study focused on whether AQP4 participates in the modulation of GLT‐1 and glutamate homeostasis in morphine‐dependent mice.
Type I IFN-Dependent Fashion Cell-Associated Antigens in a TLR7- and T Cells to + Cross-Priming of CD8 Influenza A Infection Enhances

The initiation of antitumor immunity relies on dendritic cells (DCs) to cross-present cell-associated tumor Ag to CD8 + T cells (T CD8+ ) due to a lack of costimulatory molecules on tumor cells. Innate danger signals have been demonstrated to enhance cross-priming of T CD8+ to soluble as well as virally encoded Ags; however, their effect on enhancing T CD8+ cross-priming to cell genome-encoded Ags remains unknown. Furthermore, inﬂuenza A virus (IAV) has not been shown to enhance antitumor immunity. Using inﬂuenza-infected allogeneic cell lines, we show in this study that T CD8+ responses to cell-associated Ags can be dramatically enhanced due to enhanced T CD8+ expansion. This enhanced cross-priming in part involves TLR7- but not TLR3-mediated sensing of IAV and is entirely dependent on MyD88 and IFN signaling pathways. We also showed that the inﬂammasome-induced IL-1 and IFN- g did not play a role in enhancing cross-priming in our system. We further demonstrated in our ex vivo system that CD8 + DCs are the only APCs able to prime TCR-transgenic T CD8+ . Importantly, plasmacytoid DCs and CD8 2 DCs were both able to enhance such priming when provided in coculture. These observations suggest that IAV infection of tumor cells may facilitate improved cross-presentation of tumor Ags and may be used to augment clinical vaccine efﬁcacy. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000. class
Luteolin: A Flavonoid that Has Multiple Cardio-Protective Effects and Its Molecular Mechanisms

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A well-monitored diet with a sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables has been confirmed as a primary prevention of CVD. Plant constituents such as flavonoids have been shown to confer healthy benefits. Luteolin (Lut), a kind of flavonoid, possesses anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent scientific literature has reported the cardiac protective effects of Lut in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an update and detailed overview with cardio-protective molecular mechanisms of Lut with a focus on multiple intrinsic and extrinsic effectors. We further explore how these mechanisms participate in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS). A proper understanding of the cardiovascular protective effects and the relative mechanisms of Lut may provide the possibility of new drug design and development for CVD. With the previous studies mainly focused on basic research, we need to advance the prospects of its further clinical utilization against CVD, large prospective clinical trials of Lut are needed to observe its therapeutic effects on patients with I/R injury, HF and AS, especially on the effective therapeutic dosage, and safety of long-term administration.
A dynamic model of price signaling, consumer learning, and price adjustment

We examine a model of consumer learning and price signaling where price and quality are optimally chosen by a monopolist. We find that price signaling causes the firm to raise prices, lower quality, and dampen the degree to which it passes on cost shocks to price. We identify two mechanisms through which signaling affects pass-through and find that signaling can lead to asymmetric pass-through.