Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Economic Complexity and the Product Space over a 42 year period

How does the productive structure of countries' changes over time? In this paper we explore this question by combining techniques of networks science with 42 years of trade data and find that, while the Product Space remains relatively stable during this period, the dynamics of countries' productive structures is characterized by a few highly dynamic economies. In particular we identify Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, Singapore and China, as countries that transformed their productive structures considerably during these four decades, albeit following different trajectories. For instance, the economic complexity of Korea, Singapore and China was relatively high at the beginning of the observation period and continued to increase during these forty two years, moving these countries into the top spots of the economic complexity rankings for the beginning of this millennium. Brazil, Indonesia and Turkey, on the other hand, transformed their productive structures significantly during the same period of time, but did so starting from a less sophisticated foundation. We conclude the paper by moving from this and other observations into the policy implications of this view of economic development and argue that the government involvement in the private sector should be to help catalyze market activities and solve coordination problems that emerge naturally when countries try to accumulate capabilities. This represents an alternative to more traditional views of the role of government that postulate, in their extremes, that the public sector should either have no involvement in private sector activities or, on the other hand, substantial ownership of the means of production.
Integration of auditory, labial and manual signals in cued speech perception by deaf adults: an adaptation of the McGurk paradigm

Among deaf individuals fitted with a cochlear implant, some use Cued Speech (CS; a system in which each syllable is uttered with a complementary manual gesture) and therefore, have to combine auditory, labial and manual information to perceive speech. We examined how audio-visual (AV) speech integration is affected by the presence of manual cues and on which form of information (auditory, labial or manual) the CS receptors primarily rely depending on labial ambiguity. To address this issue, deaf CS users (N=36) and deaf CS naive (N=35) participants were submitted to an identification task of two AV McGurk stimuli (either with a plosive or with a fricative consonant). Manual cues were congruent with either auditory information, lip information or the expected fusion. Results revealed that deaf individuals can merge audio and labial information into a single unified percept. Without manual cues, participants gave a high proportion of fusion response (particularly with ambiguous plosive McGurk stimuli). Results also suggested that manual cues can modify the AV integration and that their impact differs between plosive and fricative McGurk stimuli.
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: comparison of adjusted mortality rates according to the duration of dialysis: analysis of The Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis 2.

Various studies indicate that fair comparisons of mortality rates between hemodialysis (HD) patients and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are difficult because of differences in patient characteristics, because of nonconstant relative risks of death (RR), and because the survival times of patients who switch treatment modalities can be censored in different ways. The differences in mortality rates between HD and PD patients were investigated in an analysis in which these potential sources of bias were taken into account. The Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis is a multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study in which new patients with ESRD are monitored until transplantation or death. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the mortality data according to treatment modality (HD, n = 742; PD, n = 480). No statistically significant differences in adjusted mortality rates between HD and PD patients were observed during the first 2 yr of dialysis. In the years thereafter, increases in mortality rates for PD patients and resulting decreases in RR in favor of HD were observed (e.g., months 24 to 36, adjusted RR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.91). This tendency was observed especially among patients >/=60 yr of age and was not influenced by the censoring strategy. These results suggest that long-term use of PD, especially among elderly patients, is associated with increases in mortality rates. Further analyses are required to determine the potential role of dialysis adequacy in the observed long-term differences in mortality rates between HD and PD patients and to establish the possible survival benefits for PD patients who switch to HD in time.
Reflexivity, Reflection, and the Change Process in Offender Work

This study explores the therapeutic engagement experiences of men who have sexually offended against children and who are involved in a prototypical prison-based group treatment programme. The study examined factors relating to the therapeutic engagement of the offender in treatment, and in particular, the impact of the 201C;out-of-group201D; time between sessions. The findings, although tentative, suggest that between formal therapy sessions, clients of the programme make significant movement either toward or away from engagement in the therapy. The implications of these processes with respect to clinical practice and the development of offender services are discussed.
Glypican 4 modulates FGF signalling and regulates dorsoventral forebrain patterning in Xenopus embryos

Heparan sulphate proteoglycans such as glypicans are essential modulators of intercellular communication during embryogenesis. In Xenopus laevis embryos, the temporal and spatial distribution of Glypican 4 (Gpc4) transcripts during gastrulation and neurulation suggests functions in early development of the central nervous system. We have functionally analysed the role of Xenopus Gpc4 by using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides and show that Gpc4 is part of the signalling network that patterns the forebrain. Depletion of GPC4 protein results in a pleiotropic phenotype affecting both primary axis formation and early patterning of the anterior central nervous system. Molecular analysis shows that posterior axis elongation during gastrulation is affected in GPC4-depleted embryos, whereas head and neural induction are apparently normal. During neurulation, loss of GPC4 disrupts expression of dorsal forebrain genes, such as Emx2, whereas genes marking the ventral forebrain and posterior central nervous system continue to be expressed. This loss of GPC4 activity also causes apoptosis of forebrain progenitors during neural tube closure. Biochemical studies establish that GPC4 binds FGF2 and modulates FGF signal transduction. Inhibition of FGF signal transduction, by adding the chemical SU5402 to embryos from neural plate stages onwards, phenocopies the loss of gene expression and apoptosis in the forebrain. We propose that GPC4 regulates dorsoventral forebrain patterning by positive modulation of FGF signalling.
Expedition 376 Preliminary Report: Brothers Arc Flux

Volcanic arcs are the surface expression of magmatic systems that result from the subduction of mostly oceanic lithosphere at convergent plate boundaries. Arcs with a submarine component include intraoceanic arcs and island arcs that span almost 22,000 km on Earth's surface, the vast majority of which are located in the Pacific region. Hydrothermal systems hosted by submarine arc volcanoes commonly contain a large component of magmatic fluid. This magmatic-hydrothermal signature, coupled with the shallow water depths of arc volcanoes and their high volatile contents, strongly influences the chemistry of the fluids and resulting mineralization and likely has important consequences for the biota associated with these systems. The high metal contents and very acidic fluids in these hydrothermal systems are thought to be important analogs to numerous porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits mined today on land .
Porcine Cysticercosis and Risk Factors in The Gambia and Senegal

During a stratified cross-sectional survey, 1705 pigs were sampled from 279 randomly selected households, 63 randomly selected communities and villages, from four study areas in The Gambia and Senegal during the period October 2007 to January 2008. Porcine cysticercosis prevalence detected by tongue inspection at animal level per study area ranged from 0.1% to 1.0%. Using an antigen-detection ELISA the seroprevalence of cysticercosis at both community/village and animal levels for the four selected study areas is: Western region 80.0% (95%CI: 52.4%–93.6%) and 4.8% (95%CI: 3.4%–6.5%), Bignona 86.7% (95%CI: 59.8%–96.6%) and 8.9% (95%CI: 5.0%–15.5%), Kolda 82.4% (95%CI: 46.8%–96.1%) and 13.2% (95%CI: 10.8%–16.0%), and Ziguinchor 81.3% (95%CI: 43.5%–96.1%) and 6.4% (95%CI: 4.0%–10.1%), respectively. No risk factors for cysticercosis were found significant in this study. This study proved that porcine cysticercosis is endemic and distributed widely in the study areas though its incidence might be suppressed by the generalised use of toilets and latrines in the study areas.
Effect of nutrient management on yield and nutrient uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2015-16 to study the Effect of nutrient management on yield and nutrient uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) varietyPusa Bold at Crop Research Centre Chirori, Meerut. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam texture, alkaline in nature with pH (8.2), low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,sulphur, zincand boron.Twelve treatments in different nutrient management practices consisting Control,100% NPK, 100% NPK+20 kg S ha, 100% NPK+40 kg S ha, 100% NPK+1.5 kg B ha, 100% NPK+20 kg Zn ha , 100% NPK+20 kg S ha+1.5kg B ha, 100% NPK+20 kg S ha+20 kg Zn ha, 100% NPK+40 Kg S ha+1.5 kg B ha, 100% NPK+40 kg S ha+20 kg Zn ha, 100% NPK+20 kg S ha+1.5 kg B ha+20 kg Zn haand 100% NPK+40 kg S ha+1.5 kg B ha+20 kg Zn ha were tested in randomized block design with three replication.The experimental results revealed that significantly higher yield (grain and stover),nutrient uptake(N,P, K, S, Zn and B) by grain and stoverwere noticed with the application of 100% NPK+40 kg S+1.5 B+20 kg Zn ha as compared to rest of the treatments.
Predicting tumor responses to mitomycin C on the basis of DT-diaphorase activity or drug metabolism by tumor homogenates: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development.

Mitomycin C (MMC) is a clinically used anticancer drug that is reduced to cytotoxic metabolites by cellular reductases via a process known as bioreductive drug activation. The identification of key enzymes responsible for drug activation has been investigated extensively with the ultimate aim of tailoring drug administration to patients whose tumors possess the biochemical machinery required for drug activation. In the case of MMC, considerable interest has been centered upon the enzyme DT-diaphorase (DTD) although conflicting reports of good and poor correlations between enzyme activity and response in vitro and in vivo have been published. The principle aim of this study was to provide a definitive answer to the question of whether tumor response to MMC could be predicted on the basis of DTD activity in a large panel of human tumor xenografts. DTD levels were measured in 45 human tumor xenografts that had been characterized previously in terms of their sensitivity to MMC in vitro and in vivo (the in vivo response profile to MMC was taken from work published previously). A poor correlation between DTD activity and antitumor activity in vitro as well as in vivo was obtained. This study also assessed the predictive value of an alternative approach based upon the ability of tumor homogenates to metabolize MMC. This approach is based on the premise that the overall rate of MMC metabolism may provide a better indicator of response than single enzyme measurements. MMC metabolism was evaluated in tumor homogenates (clarified by centrifugation at 1000 x g for 1 min) by measuring the disappearance of the parent compound by HPLC. In responsive [T/C <10% (T/C defined as the relative size of treated and control tumors)] and resistant (T/C >50%) tumors, the mean half life of MMC was 75+/-48.3 and 280+/-129.6 min, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.005). In conclusion, these results unequivocally demonstrate that response to MMC in vivo cannot be predicted on the basis of DTD activity. Measurement of MMC metabolism by tumor homogenates on the other hand may provide a better indicator of tumor response, and further studies are required to determine whether this approach has real clinical potential in terms of individualizing patient chemotherapy.
Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background— Low socioeconomic position is known to be associated with cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Reasons for these associations remain a topic of research. Inflammation could be an important mediating mechanism linking socioeconomic position to cardiovascular risk. Methods and Results— This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a study of 6814 men and women 45 to 84 years of age. Race- and ethnicity-stratified regression analyses were used to estimate associations of household income and education with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 before and after adjustment for infection and medication use, psychosocial factors, behaviors, adiposity, and diabetes mellitus. Low income was associated with higher concentrations of interleukin-6 in all race/ethnic groups. Percent differences associated with 1-SD–lower income were 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 11), 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10), 8% (95% CI, 4 to 11), and 8% (95% CI, 3 to 13) for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Hispanics. Low levels of education were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6 only among whites and blacks (percent difference in interleukin-6 associated with 1-SD–lower education: 9% [95% CI, 6 to 12] among Whites, and 7% [95% CI, 3 to 10] among blacks). Similar patterns were observed for C-reactive protein. Adiposity was the single most important factor explaining socioeconomic position associations, especially among blacks and whites. A smaller effect was seen for psychosocial factors and behaviors in all race groups. Conclusions— Both household income and education are associated with inflammation, but associations vary across race/ethnic groups. Associations likely result from socioeconomic position patterning of adiposity and other factors.
The Measurement of the QT Interval

The evaluation of every electrocardiogram should also include an effort to interpret the QT interval to assess the risk of malignant arrhythmias and sudden death associated with an aberrant QT interval. The QT interval is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T-wave, and should be corrected for heart rate to enable comparison with reference values. However, the correct determination of the QT interval, and its value, appears to be a daunting task. Although computerized analysis and interpretation of the QT interval are widely available, these might well over- or underestimate the QT interval and may thus either result in unnecessary treatment or preclude appropriate measures to be taken. This is particularly evident with difficult T-wave morphologies and technically suboptimal ECGs. Similarly, also accurate manual assessment of the QT interval appears to be difficult for many physicians worldwide. In this review we delineate the history of the measurement of the QT interval, its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the current standards of the measurement of the QT interval, we provide a glimpse into the future and we discuss several issues troubling accurate measurement of the QT interval. These issues include the lead choice, U-waves, determination of the end of the T-wave, different heart rate correction formulas, arrhythmias and the definition of normal and aberrant QT intervals. Furthermore, we provide recommendations that may serve as guidance to address these complexities and which support accurate assessment of the QT interval and its interpretation.
Minimizing Word Error Rate in Textual Summaries of Spoken Language

Automatic generation of text summaries for spoken language faces the problem of containing incorrect words and passages due to speech recognition errors. This paper describes comparative experiments where passages with higher speech recognizer confidence scores are favored in the ranking process. Results show that a relative word error rate reduction of over 10% can be achieved while at the same time the accuracy of the summary improves markedly.
An Integrated Environment for the Development of Knowledge-Based Recommender Applications

The complexity of the product assortments offered by on-line selling platforms makes selection a challenging task. Customers differ in respect to expertise and product knowledge, but intelligent recommender systems offer personalized dialogues that support the product-selection process. This paper describes CWAdvisor, a domain-independent, knowledge-based recommender environment that provides users with consistently appropriate solutions, identifies additional selling opportunities, and explains solutions. The discussion uses examples from several application domains to show how model-based diagnosis, personalization, and intuitive knowledge-acquisition techniques support customer-oriented sales dialogues. Experience obtained in industrial projects is reported, and successfully deployed recommender applications are evaluated.
Prasugrel: the real-life perspective.

The unequivocal importance of platelet inhibition for prevention of secondary occlusive vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease is well established. Yet the scientific debates on the preferred agents for platelet inhibition have reached new heights. Recent antiplatelet clinical trials, such as Aspirin and Clopidogrel Compared With Clopidogrel Alone After Recent Ischaemic Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack in High-Risk Patients (MATCH),1 Clopidogrel and Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events (CHARISMA),2 Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel (TRITON),3 and Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO),4 have raised concerns with regard to vascular antithrombotic efficacy in the investigated, more potent combination antiplatelet regimens, which at the same time increase the bleeding risks. In a different conceptual approach, researchers have attempted to link high-risk cohorts and worsened clinical outcomes to the degree of platelet inhibition by individual tailoring of antiplatelet therapy. However, trials, such as the Gauging Responsiveness With A VerifyNow Assay—Impact on Thrombosis And Safety (GRAVITAS),5 Testing Platelet Reactivity In Patients Undergoing Elective Stent Placement on Clopidogrel to Guide Alternative Therapy With Prasugrel (TRIGGER-PCI),6 Intravenous and Oral Administration of Elinogrel to Evaluate Tolerability and Efficacy in Nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients (INNOVATE-PCI),7 Assessment by a Double …
A Rotating Disk around the Very Young Massive Star AFGL 490

We observed the embedded, young 8-10 M☉ star AFGL 490 at subarcsecond resolution with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the C17O (2-1) transition and found convincing evidence that AFGL 490 is surrounded by a rotating disk. Using two-dimensional modeling of the physical and chemical disk structure coupled to line radiative transfer, we constrain its basic parameters. We obtain a relatively high disk mass of 1 M☉ and a radius of ~1500 AU. A plausible explanation for the apparent asymmetry of the disk morphology is given.
Anomalous behavior of soil mantle groundwater demonstrates the major effects of bedrock groundwater on surface hydrological processes

The formation of groundwater in the soil mantle has a dominant effect on rainwater discharge and shallow landslide occurrence in headwater catchments. Here, we report two completely different groundwater responses within a single well excavated into the soil mantle. One was an ephemeral‐type response that is well described by physical hydrology models based on a geographic information system (GIS). The other was a semi‐perennial‐type response, rarely reported in previous studies, which cannot be explained by the existing physical models. The semi‐perennial groundwater caused considerably high antecedent groundwater tables between storms, leading to an increased peak in the groundwater level during later heavy storm events and a likely increase in the risk of shallow landslides. Moreover, peaks in the semi‐perennial groundwater lagged considerably behind rainstorm events, which probably affected base flow discharge by forming a delayed peak. Geochemical and geothermal observations indicated that the source of the semi‐perennial groundwater was deep bedrock groundwater, demonstrating the considerable effects of bedrock groundwater on surface hydrological processes.
Escherichia coli O157:H7—Clinical aspects and novel treatment approaches

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a notorious pathogen often contracted by intake of contaminated water or food. Infection with this agent is associated with a broad spectrum of illness ranging from mild diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to the potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Treating E. coli O157:H7 infection with antimicrobial agents is associated with an increased risk of severe sequelae such as HUS. The difficulty in treating this bacterium using conventional modalities of antimicrobial agent administration has sparked an interest in investigating new therapeutic approaches to this bacterium. These approaches have included the use of probiotic agents and natural products with variable success rates. In addition, novel modalities and regimen of antimicrobial agent administration have been assessed in an attempt at decreasing their association with aggravating infection outcomes.
The relationship and diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) for myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction (MI), inflammation is considered as a main cause of atherosclerosis. Inflammatory indicators such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are considered as a diagnostic marker for MI in recent years. We studied the relationship between seropositivity to CRP and high-sensitivity- reactive protein (hsCRP) with MI and compared their relationship and diagnostic values. All sera of patients and control cases were examined by a commercial quantitative ELISA kit for measuring hsCRP and by a non-quantitative latex agglutination kit for detecting CRP, simultaneously. Results were analyzed by chi -square statistic test in SPSS software version 16. About 62.0% of patients were positive for CRP and 100% positive for hsCRP but in control group, seropositivity rate was 6.6% for CRP and 52.6% for hsCRP. Mean titer of hsCRP in patients was 23.2 but 6.3 mg/l in control group. We found significant relatioship between CRP and MI (P=0.004) and with hsCRP with MI (P=0.002). hsCRP and CRP have significant relationship to MI as diagnostic indicators and hsCRP is more sensitive than CRP but regarding to their false positive and negative values, and for decreasing their accuracy, it is recommended to perform both simultaneously. Key words: C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity- reactive protein (hsCRP), myocardial infarction.