Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning From the Fins of Ray-Finned Fish for the Propulsors of Unmanned Undersea Vehicles

Advanced propulsors are required to help unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) overcome major challenges associated with energy and autonomy. The fins of rayfinned fish provide an excellent model from which to develop propulsors that can create forces efficiently and drive a wide range of behaviors, from hover to lowspeed maneuvers to high-speed travel. Although much is known about the mechanics of fins, little is known about the fin’s sensorimotor systems or how fins are regulated in response to external disturbances. This information is crucial for implementing propulsive and control systems that exploit the same phenomena as the biological fins for efficiency, effectiveness, and autonomous regulation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vivo response of the sunfish and its pectoral fins to vortex perturbations applied directly to the fish and to the fins. The fish andthe finsrespondedactivelytoperturbationsthatdisturbedthemotionofthe fish body. Surprisingly, perturbations that deformed the fins extensively did not cause a reactionfromeitherthe finsorthebody.Theseresultsindicatethattheresponseofthe pectoral fins to large deformations is not reflexive and that fin motions are regulated when it is necessary to correct for disturbances to the motion of the fish. The results also demonstrate a benefit of compliance in propulsors, in that external perturbations can disturb the fins without having its impact be transferred to the fish body.
Unramified representations of reductive groups over finite rings

Lusztig has given a construction of certain representations of reductive groups over finite local principal ideal rings of characteristic p, extending the construction of Deligne and Lusztig of representations of reductive groups over finite fields. We generalize Lusztig's results to reductive groups over arbitrary finite local rings. This generalization uses the Greenberg functor and the theory of group schemes over Artinian local rings.
Mutation analysis of the EGFR pathway genes, EGFR, RAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and AKT1, in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), one of the most common salivary gland carcinomas, usually has a fatal outcome. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway gene mutations are important in predicting a patient's prognosis and estimating the efficacy of molecular therapy targeting the EGFR pathway. In this study of salivary gland AdCC (SAdCC), we looked for gene mutations in EGFR, RAS family (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS), PIK3CA, BRAF, and AKT1, using a highly sensitive single-base extension multiplex assay, SNaPshot. Out of 70 cases, EGFR pathway missense mutations were found in 13 (18.6%): RAS mutations in 10 (14.3%), EGFR in one (1.4%), and PIK3CA in 5 (7.1%). None of the cases showed an EGFR deletion by direct sequencing. Concurrent gene mutations were found in three cases (4.3%). EGFR pathway mutations were significantly associated with a shorter disease-free (p = 0.011) and overall survival (p = 0.049) and RAS mutations were as well; (p = 0.010) and (p = 0.024), respectively. The gene fusion status as determined by a FISH assay had no significant association with mutations of the genes involved in the EGFR pathway. In conclusion, EGFR pathway mutations, especially RAS mutations, may be frequent in SAdCC, and associated with a poor prognosis for the patient.
Amnion-Derived Multipotent Progenitor Cells Improve Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats

Objective: Tendon injuries produce considerable morbidity, long-lasting disability, and remain a considerable challenge for clinicians and patients. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of amnion-derived multipotent progenitor (AMP) cells and amnion-derived cell cytokine solution on Achilles tendon healing by using a rat model. Methods: Achilles tendons of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed and transected. The distal and proximal ends were injected with either saline, amnion-derived cell cytokine solution, or AMP cells in a standardized fashion and then sutured by using a Kessler technique. Tendons from each group (n = 6-13) were collected at weeks 1, 2, and 4 postoperatively and assessed for material properties (ultimate tensile strength, Young modulus, yield strength, and breaking strength). Tendons were also evaluated histologically for cross-sectional area by using hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome stains. Results: Mechanical testing showed that the Young modulus was significantly higher in AMP cells–treated tendons at week 4 compared with both saline-treated and amnion-derived cell cytokine solution–treated tendons. Yield strength was significantly higher in the AMP cells–treated group compared with saline-treated controls at week 4. No significant differences were observed between the study groups at weeks 1 and 2. Discussion: Amnion-derived multipotent progenitor cells have a positive effect on healing tendons by improving mechanical strength and elastic modulus during the healing process. The presented findings suggest the clinical utility of AMP cells in facilitating the healing of ruptured tendons. Both the Young modulus and yield strengths of tendons increased significantly following treatment with AMP cells.
Biological sensitivity to context: II. Empirical explorations of an evolutionary–developmental theory

In two studies comprising 249 children and their families, the authors utilized secondary, exploratory data analyses to examine Boyce and Ellis' (this issue) evolutionary–developmental theory of biological sensitivity to context. The theory proposes that individual differences in stress reactivity constitute variation in susceptibility to environmental influence, both positive and negative, and that early childhood exposures to either highly protective or acutely stressful environments result in heightened reactivity. In Study 1, 127 3- to 5-year old children were concurrently assessed on levels of support/adversity in home and preschool environments and on cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory challenges. In Study 2, 122 children were prospectively assessed on familial stress in both infancy and preschool and on autonomic and adrenocortical reactivity to laboratory challenges at age 7. In both studies, a disproportionate number of children in supportive, low stress environments displayed high autonomic reactivity. Conversely, in Study 2, a relatively high proportion of children in very stressful environments showed evidence of heightened sympathetic and adrenocortical reactivity. Consistent with the evolutionary–developmental theory, the exploratory analyses also generated the testable hypothesis that relations between levels of childhood support/adversity and the magnitude of stress reactivity are curvilinear, with children from moderately stressful environments displaying the lowest reactivity levels in both studies.The research on which this paper was based was supported by grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Research Network on Psychopathology and Development, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1RO1 HD 24718), and the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH44340 and P50-MH53524). We thank Jay Belsky and David Bjorklund for comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
VARIATION IN TERRESTRIAL HABITAT USE BY FOUR POOL-BREEDING AMPHIBIAN SPECIES

Abstract We conducted a 2-year study of terrestrial habitat use by spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), blue-spotted salamanders (A. laterale), wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), and eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) within blocks of forest enclosed by drift fencing and pitfall traps in the vicinity of a single breeding pond. Adult winter densities within forest habitat <100 m from the breeding pond were low for all species (range 0.1–1.9 individuals / 100 m2, n = 6 enclosures). During our 2-year study, at least 40% of wood frogs, 52% of blue-spotted salamanders, and 60% of spotted salamanders wintered >100 m from the breeding pond. Males tended to winter closer to the breeding pond than did females. Adult wood frogs and eastern newts were largely absent from upland forest adjacent to the breeding pond during spring and summer, but they entered these areas in significant numbers to winter. Analyses of net flow of amphibians resulting from fall movement suggest that summer and winter densities of Ambystoma salamanders remained similar, while there were large increases in wood frog and eastern newt densities within terrestrial habitats near the breeding pond during fall. These results support a growing body of evidence that maintenance of suitable terrestrial habitat beyond 100 m from breeding pools is important for maintaining pool-breeding amphibian populations. Narrow protected buffer strips around breeding ponds might be even less effective than previously thought due to the disproportionate representation of males within these areas.
Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) as novel therapeutics for prostate cancer

Mislocalization of proteins is a common feature of cancer cells. Since localization of proteins is tightly linked to its function, cancer cells can inactivate function of a tumor suppressor protein through mislocalization. The nuclear exportin CRM1/XPO 1 is upregulated in many cancers. Targeting XPO 1 can lead to nuclear retention of cargo proteins such as p53, Foxo, and BRCA1 leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We demonstrate that selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) can functionally inactivate XPO 1 in prostate cancer cells. Unlike the potent, but toxic, XPO 1 inhibitor leptomycin B, SINE inhibitors (KPT-185, KPT-330, and KPT-251) cause a decrease in XPO 1 protein level through the proteasomal pathway. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with SINE inhibitors lead to XPO 1 inhibition, as evaluated by RevGFP export assay, leading to nuclear retention of p53 and Foxo proteins, consequently, triggering apoptosis. Our data reveal that treatment with SINE inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations results in decrease in proliferation and colonogenic capacity of prostate cancer cells by triggering apoptosis without causing any cell cycle arrest. We further demonstrate that SINE inhibitors can be combined with other chemotherapeutics like doxorubicin to achieve enhanced growth inhibition of prostate cancer cells. Since SINE inhibitors offer increased bioavailability, reduced toxicity to normal cells, and are orally available they can serve as effective therapeutics against prostate cancer. In conclusion, our data reveals that nucleocytoplasmic transport in prostate cancer can be effectively targeted by SINE inhibitors.
Physical controls of near‐surface soil moisture across varying spatial scales in an agricultural landscape during SMEX02

Understanding of near‐surface soil moisture variability at different spatial scales and associated dominant physical controls is limited. In the past, soil moisture dynamics studies have been conducted extensively at different spatial scales using both in situ and remote sensing (RS) data in the subhumid Southern Great Plains region, which has mostly pasture and range land cover with rolling topography. Compared to the past efforts, we investigated the space‐time characterization of near‐surface soil moisture and associated physical controls at multiple scales (field, watershed, and region) in a humid hydroclimatic region with different topography and agricultural land cover. Soil moisture data from two different measurement support scales (theta probe based (point scale) and airborne RS derived; footprint scale, 800 m × 800 m), obtained during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) in Iowa were used. Geostatistical analysis showed the spatial soil moisture correlation lengths varied between 78 m and 307 m (at the field scale), 2044 m and 11,882 m (at the watershed scale), and 19,500 m and 118,500 m (at the regional scale). The correlation length values were usually smaller on wet days than the relatively dry days at the field and watershed scales. The trend was opposite at the regional scale with correlation lengths being larger on wet days. Furthermore, the soil moisture data sets were decomposed into spatial Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) patterns, and their relationship with various geophysical parameters (rainfall, topography, soil texture, and vegetation) was examined to determine the dominant control on the near‐surface soil moisture variability. At the field scale, the first four EOFs together explained about 81% of the total variability. At the watershed scale, the first two EOFs were dominant explaining about 93% of the total variance, whereas at the regional scale, the primary EOF itself explained more than 70% of the variance. In other words, the complicated dynamics of near‐surface soil moisture fields can be described by a few underlying orthogonal spatial structures related to the geophysical attributes of the region. Correlation analysis of the RS soil moisture data showed that rainfall, topography, and soil texture have mixed effects on the variability explained by the dominant EOFs, at both watershed and regional scales, with limited influence of vegetation parameters. The effect of rainfall on the soil moisture variability is higher at the watershed scale compared to the regional scale in Iowa.
Transgender People of Color’s Experiences of Sexual Objectification: Locating Sexual Objectification Within a Matrix of Domination

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to investigate transgender people of color’s (TPOC’s) sexual objectification experiences (SOEs). Fifteen TPOC were interviewed about their experiences with sexual objectification. Using intersectionality and objectification theories as our research paradigms, results suggested that participants’ SOEs were shaped by the intersections of cissexism, sexism, and racism, and that participants experienced various levels of privilege and oppression based on their specific identities. Results revealed similarities with previous sexual objectification research as well as unique sexual objectification experiences for TPOC, including racialized sexual objectification, fetishization, genital- and gender transition-based comments, and body policing. Results also suggested that self-objectification may manifest as a desire to affirm one’s gender identity and result in physical safety anxiety. TPOC may engage in body surveillance to achieve transgender congruence and reduce potential victimization experiences. Mental health practitioners are encouraged to attend to how intersections of cissexism, sexism, and racism may encourage SOEs, and the ways in which such experiences may impact TPOC.
Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Adsorption Process Parameters of Amaranth Removal Using Magnetic Layer Double Hydroxide (Fe3O4/ZnFe-LDH)

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the adsorption parameters of Amaranth onto magnetic layer double hydroxide (Fe3O4/ZnFe-LDH). Such optimization was undertaken to ensure a high efficiency over the experimental ranges employed, and to evaluate the interactive effects of the initial concentration of Amaranth, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature and contact time on the adsorption process in order to improve the conditions employed in the batch process. A total of 32 desorption experimental runs were carried out employing the detailed conditions designed by response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that a second-order polynomial regression equation was the most appropriate polynomial for fitting the experimental data. The experimental confirmation tests showed a correlation between the predicted and experimental responses (R2). The optimal point obtained was located in the valid region and the optimum adsorption parameters were predicted as an initial Amaranth concentration of 70.93 mg/L, a pH value of 3.6, adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g, a temperature of 31.82°C and contact time of 16.83 min.
Airfoil trailing edge noise reduction by the introduction of sawtooth and slitted trailing edge geometries

This paper compares the measurements of the trailing edge self noise reduction obtained using sawtooth and slit serrations on a NACA651210 airfoil. This work is relevant to reducing the noise from aircraft engines, aircraft wings and wind turbines. A detailed experimental study conducted in the ISVR’s open-jet wind tunnel reveals noise reductions of up to 5 dB over a large frequency range by the introduction of these trailing edge designs. This paper presents the noise measurements for a range of jet speeds and sawtooth and slit geometries. The airfoil is at 5 angle of attack and the boundary layer has been tripped so as to become turbulent. Measurements of the static pressure coefficient distribution along the chord of the airfoil are also reported. This is to allow the effects on lift to be assessed. Noise measurements for the sawtooth serrations are compared to the theory derived by Howe. Howe’s theory is extended to include a series of slits and compared to experiments. It is shown theoretically that for a sawtooth profile high levels of noise reduction can be achieved, either when the serration wavelength λ is smaller than the boundary layer thickness δ or when the root-to-tip distance h is larger than δ. It is shown theoretically that the slit serrations are not an effective noise reduction treatment since the noise reduction asymptotes to zero at high frequencies. Experimental measurements of the noise reduction obtained using trailing edge sawtooth and slits are shown to be significantly less than that predicted. The noise is shown to increase at frequencies above some critical frequency, which is shown to depend only on 0 / 1 c f U δ ≈ and independent of serration geometry.
Dimensions of Professional Growth in Work-Related Teacher Education

This article conceptualises adult learners’ professional growth in a tailored, work-related, teacher-qualification programme in physical education. The study data consisted of the reflectivelearning diaries of 20 adult learners during a 2-year tertiary and work-related teacher-qualification programme. The data were analysed using data-driven open coding analysis, which was conducted using the constant comparative method of the grounded theory approach. This article presents the horizontal dimensions (egocentric learner, researching professional and expert within society) and the vertical dimensions (transforming self-image, expanding professional self-expression and widening agency) of the adult learners’ multifaceted professional growth process. In addition, the article discusses pedagogical implications in relation to developing teacher education in general and the education of physical education teachers in particular.
Antioxidant activity as indicator of UV radiation and other abiotic stress factors on Agaricus bisporus (Lange/Imbach) and Sedum hybridum (L.)

Abstract Investigation of stress level might be facilitated also in plant and horticultural sciences, but currently mainly morphological parameters are in use. Antioxidant activity routinely measured in food-oriented researches and several studies indirectly indicated that stress factors can influence this parameter. Our aim was to assess the potential direct indicator role of antioxidant activity in stress conditions. We measured the effects of UVB and soil-delivered stress on Agaricus bisporus and Sedum hybridum. Our results indicate that UVB slightly decreases, while the inadequate soil conditions increase antioxidant activity; hence these measurements are suitable for determining the level of stress in different living samples.
Post‐natal Growth of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Siberian Hamster: Morphometric Analysis

Post‐natal growth of the gastrointestinal tract of the Siberian hamster was studied in newborn and 3‐, 7‐, 14‐, 21‐, 42‐ and 90‐day‐old animals. Morphometric measurements and calculations were carried out: length and internal surface of gastrointestinal tract segments, size (height, width, surface) and density of villi as well as allometric growth rate of the length and internal surface of the segments with respect to the body mass. The fastest growth rate of the gastrointestinal tract segments was noticed during the first 3 days of the post‐natal life. Nevertheless, significant regional differences in their growth rate were found. The increase in the length and internal surface of the large intestine was fastest, while the smallest increase was observed in the oesophagus. All segments of the gastrointestinal tract except oesophagus exhibited a positive allometric relationship to the body mass from birth till final weaning, whereas during the post‐weaning period, the increase was isometric. Thus, at birth, the gastrointestinal tract segments were relatively smaller compared with those observed in adults, but then, the gastrointestinal tract grew faster than the rest of the body and reached its adult proportions just before the transition to solid food. Most probably, reaching the adult structure of the gastrointestinal tract before the final weaning is an essential condition for the proper growth of an organism after the weaning.
The Hierarchical Smart Home Cyberattack Detection Considering Power Overloading and Frequency Disturbance

The concept of smart home has recently gained significant popularity. Despite that it offers improved convenience and cost reduction, the prevailing smart home infrastructure suffers from vulnerability due to cyberattacks. It is possible for hackers to launch cyberattacks at the community level while causing a large area power system blackout through cascading effects. In this paper, the cascading impacts of two cyberattacks on the predicted dynamic electricity pricing are analyzed. In the first cyberattack, the hacker manipulates the electricity price to form peak energy loads such that some transmission lines are overloaded. Those transmission lines are then tripped and the power system is separated into isolated islands due to the cascading effect. In the second cyberattack, the hacker manipulates the electricity price to increase the fluctuation of the energy load to interfere the frequency of the generators. The generators are then tripped by the protective procedures and cascading outages are induced in the transmission network. The existing technique only tackles overloading cyberattack while still suffering from the severe limitation in scalability. Therefore, based on partially observable Markov decision processes, a hierarchical detection framework exploring community decomposition and global policy optimization is proposed in this work. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed hierarchical computing technique can effectively and efficiently detect those cyberattacks, achieving the detection accuracy of above 98%, while improving the scalability.