Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender‐specific in vivo measurement of the structural and mechanical properties of the human patellar tendon

Human patellar tendon stress (σ), strain (ε), stiffness (K), and tensile or Young's modulus (E), are determined in vivo through voluntary isometric contractions monitored with B‐mode ultrasonography. The limitations in previous studies are: (1) they have generally not accounted for the fact that the distal attachment of the patellar tendon (the tibial tuberosity) also displaces; thus, they have underestimated ε (and, hence, injury risk) while overestimating K; (2) no gender effect has been studied despite the fact that females are seen to have higher incidences of tendon‐related injuries. The current investigation therefore aimed to determine the gender specific values of σ, ε, K, and E of the patellar tendon while also accounting for distal displacement of the patellar tendon. Healthy young males (aged 23.1 ± 1.3 years, n = 10) and females (aged 21.3 ±0.9 years, n = 10) were tested. The maximal ε of the young males was ∼5–10% higher than that reported in earlier literature. Average female versus male values for ε, σ, K, and E, taken at the same force level as the males for comparison purposes, were respectively 10.6 ± 1.0 versus 9.0 ± 1.0%, 36.9 ± 1.4 versus 28.9 ± 0.9 MPa, 1053 ± 108 versus 1652 ± 216 N · mm−1, and 0.61 ± 0.08 versus 0.68 ± 0.10 GPa (p < 0.05). There are gender differences in tendon structural and mechanical properties. The current methodology may be useful in a clinical context where early prediction of injury risk and/or monitoring of reconstructed tendon needs to be an accurate, objective, and reliable method if optimal functionality is to be achieved. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1635–1642, 2007
Receiving feedback from peers: medical students’ perceptions

During peer assessment activities, students are often required to provide feedback to their peers. The quality of such feedback can be perceived by recipients to be superior, and better received, than feedback given by academic staff. The aim of this study was to investigate students’ views on receiving verbal feedback from their peers during their formative long case examination.
Metaphor No More: A 15-Year Review of the Team Mental Model Construct

Representing one type of team cognition, team mental models (TMMs) are organized mental representations of the key elements within a team’s relevant environment that are shared across team members. Although introduced amid considerable confusion concerning their nature and potential usefulness, there has been a proliferation of published studies over the past decade that have directly measured TMMs using a variety of methodologies and research designs. Capturing these exciting research developments, the purpose of this review was to inventory what has been accomplished thus far and to offer an agenda for the next wave of research. Specifically, we overview the conceptual underpinnings of TMMs, discuss measurement issues, and review the empirical record related to the outcomes, antecedents, and longitudinal work on TMMs. We conclude by highlighting fruitful opportunities for further research.
The human perirhinal cortex and semantic memory

Studies in macaque monkeys indicate that the perirhinal cortex in the temporal lobe participates in object memory. This function may be analogous to aspects of human semantic memory (knowledge of objects, concepts, faces and words). To date, the status of perirhinal cortex has not specifically been investigated in patients with semantic deficits as seen in semantic dementia, the temporal lobe variant of frontotemporal dementia. High‐resolution three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in subjects with semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease (characterized in its early stages by selective episodic memory impairment) and in healthy age‐matched controls. Hippocampal, perirhinal, temporopolar and entorhinal cortex volumes were measured by outlining areas on successive scan slices according to recognized landmarks. The entorhinal and hippocampal regions were further subdivided into anterior and posterior parts. In keeping with the hypothesized contribution of the perirhinal cortex to semantic memory function, we found greater involvement of this region, together with the temporopolar and anterior entorhinal cortices, in semantic dementia than in either Alzheimer's disease patients or control subjects. Performance on a range of semantic tests also correlated with perirhinal volume. Bilateral reduction in hippocampal volume compared with controls was seen in Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, atrophy of the human perirhinal cortex, and of directly connected areas, was associated with semantic memory impairment but not episodic memory impairment, as predicted from the primate work.
Condition Monitoring of Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitors in Railway Power Trains

A novel technique for monitoring the condition of metallized polypropylene film (MPPF) capacitors installed in the dc link of railway power trains is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the capacitance estimation of the two different capacitors used in the dc link (dc filtering and 2F filter capacitors), and it is done without adding any extra sensor or filter to the respective traction drive scheme. Therefore, the proposed method is implemented using software but not additional hardware for the different trains. Two other important passive component parameters of the traction drive are also monitored, all of them by means of curve fitting based on the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. The proposed technique is implemented and validated at simulation and experimental levels, using MATLAB/Simulink and a 1.2-MW traction drive test bench. Very accurate results are obtained, and the predictive maintenance of MPPF capacitors for different topologies of railway power trains can be set through the proposed technique.
Historical Patterns in the Scholarship of Technology Transfer

This essay is the first in a series authored by each Editor-in-Chief of Comparative Technology Transfer and Society to provide a sense of the scope and range of coverage the journal provides. It offers a historian's view of the development of the scholarship about technology transfer over the past half century, interweaving two primary threads. First, it identifies events and circumstances that have influenced and shaped real-world efforts to move technology in its many guises across boundaries— national, geographic, institutional, organizational, social, or otherwise. These historical situations have had a profound impact on the efforts of American policymakers and leaders in business, government, universities, and nongovernmental organizations who deal with technology transfer. These circumstances have produced significant changes of emphasis in the definition of technology transfer at different points in time. Scholars interested in technology transfer have taken their cues from the unfolding events of history, but they have also worked within a variety of disciplinary traditions. The second strand of this essay surveys a number of these disciplinary approaches to the study of technology transfer, with attention to a few principal problems and issues scholars have identified. By connecting historical events and trends within academic disciplines, this essay provides an overview of basic patterns within the scholarship related to technology transfer since 1950.
Family Stories and the Life Course: Across Time and Generations

also making a case that the facts are important, and that the much-maligned positivist tradition of the social sciences has much to contribute in terms of uncovering those facts. The facts Troesken compiles suggest that investment in public health infrastructure in this case yielded enormous benefits for everyone. Water, Race, and Disease is perhaps most interesting as an example of how social science techniques can be used to explore the nuanced historical contribution of public health interventions to the health of populations, though its use will be limited by the technical sophistication of those very techniques. Substantively, the book offers a starting point for larger questions. African American health disparities are still with us. In what ways can investment in public infrastructure today reduce morbidity and mortality (and of whom), compared to the more common paradigm of individual behavioral reform?
Profile of ocular trauma in industries-related hospital

Introduction: Ocular trauma is a worldwide cause of visual morbidity, a significant proportion of which occurs in the industrial workplace and includes a spectrum of simple ocular surface foreign bodies, abrasions to devastating perforating injuries causing blindness. Being preventable is of social and medical concern. Aim: A prospective case series study, to know the profile of ocular trauma at a hospital caters exclusively to factory employees and their families, to co-relate their demographic and clinical profile and to identify the risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients with ocular trauma who presented at ESIC Model hospital, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, from June 2010 to May 2011 were taken a detailed demographic data, nature and cause of injury, time interval between the time of injury and presentation along with any treatment received. Ocular evaluation including visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment findings, intra-ocular pressure and gonio-scopy in closed globe injuries, X-rays for intraocular foreign body, B-scan and CT scan were done. Data analyzed as per the ocular trauma classification group. The rehabilitation undertaken medically or surgically was analyzed. At follow-up, the final best corrected visual acuity was noted. Results: A total of 306 cases of ocular trauma were reported; predominantly in 20-40 year age group (72.2%) and in men (75%). The work place related cases were 50.7%and of these, fall of foreign bodies led the list. Visual prognosis was poorer in road traffic accidents rather than work place injuries owing to higher occurrence of open globe injuries and optic neuropathy. Finally, 11% of injured cases ended up with poor vision. Conclusion: Targeting groups most at risk, providing effective eye protection, and developing workplace safety cultures may together reduce occupational eye injuries.
Tested, Trusted, Yet Frustrating: An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Environmental Radio Jingles in Oyo State Nigeria

Radio stations have used jingles for environmental education and communication in Nigeria for decades though not much has been done to study the impact of such use—which is the purpose of this article. Through 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) in six local government areas of Oyo state, Nigeria, interviews with the program directors of two radio stations, and a questionnaire administered with 18 program producers from the stations, the researcher found that producers and directors had full confidence in the ability of the jingles to engender environmental sanctity, and that listeners fully understood the message of the jingles. However, listeners mostly did not adopt the behavior recommended by the jingles, because the government did not make the infrastructures needed to do so available or functional. Though the jingles were aired, the outcome of their use is a frustration of the listeners and even the producers. Based on the findings, the article draws five lessons for better social marketing of environmental behavior.
Aberystwyth University Identification of a Core Bacterial Community within the Large Intestine of the Horse

The horse has a rich and complex microbial community within its gastrointestinal tract that plays a central role in both health and disease. The horse receives much of its dietary energy through microbial hydrolysis and fermentation of fiber predominantly in the large intestine/hindgut. The presence of a possible core bacterial community in the equine large intestine was investigated in this study. Samples were taken from the terminal ileum and 7 regions of the large intestine from ten animals, DNA extracted and the V1-V2 regions of 16SrDNA 454-pyrosequenced. A specific group of OTUs clustered in all ileal samples and a distinct and different signature existed for the proximal regions of the large intestine and the distal regions. A core group of bacterial families were identified in all gut regions with clear differences shown between the ileum and the various large intestine regions. The core in the ileum accounted for 32% of all sequences and comprised of only seven OTUs of varying abundance; the core in the large intestine was much smaller (5-15% of all sequences) with a much larger number of OTUs present but in low abundance. The most abundant member of the core community in the ileum was Lactobacillaceae, in the proximal large intestine the Lachnospiraceae and in the distal large intestine the Prevotellaceae. In conclusion, the presence of a core bacterial community in the large intestine of the horse that is made up of many low abundance OTUs may explain in part the susceptibility of horses to digestive upset. Citation: Dougal K, de la Fuente G, Harris PA, Girdwood SE, Pinloche E, et al. (2013) Identification of a Core Bacterial Community within the Large Intestine of the Horse. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0077660 Editor: Raymond Schuch, Rockefeller University, United States of America Received June 12, 2013; Accepted September 3, 2013; Published October 24, 2013 Copyright: © 2013 Dougal et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This research was funded by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Case studentship (BB/G017271/1) and the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire. LE14 4RT. The funders (with the exception of Patricia A. Harris, co-author and collaborator) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: Patricia A. Harris is employed by one of the funders of this research (WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire. LE14 4RT). The authors can confirm that they have adhered to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The authors also confirm that none of the authors record a Conflict of Interest. * E-mail: cjn@aber.ac. uk
Theatre as safe space? Performing intergenerational narratives with men of Irish descent

In answering the question of ‘how will you ensure confidentiality? ’ we are asked to anonymise transcripts (as well as photos, images, artefacts); participants names are to be changed with pseudonyms used throughout; when particular sensitivities arise, we are to age-band people and change place names; where appropriate, family relationships should not be revealed; where necessary, identity characteristics within transcripts should be removed. This is what the ethical researcher is told to adhere to. Building on previous work in social and cultural geography [Mattingly, D. (2001). Place, teenagers and representations: Lessons from a community theatre project. Social & Cultural Geography, 2, 445–459; Ní Laoire, C. (2007). To name or not to name: Reflections on the use of anonymity in an oral archive of migrant life narratives. Social & Cultural Geography, 8, 373–390], and drawing empirically from the verbatim play I commissioned based on my research, I put forward the case for theatre as a ‘safe space’ for participant narratives negotiated within the political arena of representation. In this article, I use my intergenerational research with 38 men of Irish descent to argue that an/the ethical focus should not remain on participant protection through the removal of ‘revealing’ information but instead we should be pursuing options and avenues for ‘safe spaces’ to voice participant stories.
Antitumour activity of the glycoengineered type II anti‐CD20 antibody obinutuzumab (GA101) in combination with the MDM2‐selective antagonist idasanutlin (RG7388)

To investigate whether the glycoengineered type II anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody obinutuzumab (GA101) combined with the selective MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin (RG7388) offers superior efficacy to monotherapy in treating B‐lymphoid malignancies in preclinical models.
Nonhuman TRIM5 Variants Enhance Recognition of HIV-1-Infected Cells by CD8+ T Cells

ABSTRACT Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 (TRIM5) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a species-specific manner by uncoating viral particles while activating early innate responses. Although the contribution of TRIM5 proteins to cellular immunity has not yet been studied, their interactions with the incoming viral capsid and the cellular proteasome led us to hypothesize a role for them. Here, we investigate whether the expression of two nonhuman TRIM5 orthologs, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), both of which are potent restrictors of HIV-1, could enhance immune recognition of infected cells by CD8+ T cells. We illustrate how TRIM5 restriction improves CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition. Moreover, when TRIM5 activity was blocked by the nonimmunosuppressive analog of cyclosporine (CsA), sarcosine-3(4-methylbenzoate)–CsA (SmBz-CsA), we found a significant reduction in CD107a/MIP-1β expression in HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells. This finding underscores the direct link between TRIM5 restriction and activation of CD8+ T-cell responses. Interestingly, cells expressing RhT5 induced stronger CD8+ T-cell responses through the specific recognition of the HIV-1 capsid by the immune system. The underlying mechanism of this process may involve TRIM5-specific capsid recruitment to cellular proteasomes and increase peptide availability for loading and presentation of HLA class I antigens. In summary, we identified a novel function for nonhuman TRIM5 variants in cellular immunity. We hypothesize that TRIM5 can couple innate viral sensing and CD8+ T-cell activation to increase species barriers against retrovirus infection. IMPORTANCE New therapeutics to tackle HIV-1 infection should aim to combine rapid innate viral sensing and cellular immune recognition. Such strategies could prevent seeding of the viral reservoir and the immune damage that occurs during acute infection. The nonhuman TRIM5 variants, rhesus TRIM5α (RhT5) and TRIM-cyclophilin A (TCyp), are attractive candidates owing to their potency in sensing HIV-1 and blocking its activity. Here, we show that expression of RhT5 and TCyp in HIV-1-infected cells improves CD8+ T-cell-mediated inhibition through the direct activation of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. We found that the potency in CD8+ activation was stronger for RhT5 variants and capsid-specific CD8+ T cells in a mechanism that relies on TRIM5-dependent particle recruitment to cellular proteasomes. This novel mechanism couples innate viral sensing with cellular immunity in a single protein and could be exploited to develop innovative therapeutics for control of HIV-1 infection.
Rule-Violating Behavior on the Golf Course

An unobtrusive observation technique was utilized to record the rule-violating behavior of 150 male golfers on a public golf course. The number of golfers in the group as well as the type and frequency of rule violations were recorded. An indirect measure of skill (i.e., the number of strokes) was also recorded for each golfer. Analysis indicated that 50% of the golfers violated at least one of the rules set forth by the USGA. There was a significant relationship between the number of golfers in the group and the number of rule violations, as there was between the skill of the golfer and the number of rule violations. Several possible interpretations of the rule-violating behavior were offered.
Catch your attention: Quality-retaining power saving on mobile OLED displays

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology is considered as a promising alternative to mobile displays. This paper explores how to reduce the OLED power consumption by exploiting visual attention. First, we model the problem of OLED image scaling optimization, with the objective of minimizing the power required to display an image without adversely impacting the user's visual experience. Then, we propose an algorithm to solve the fundamental problem, and prove its optimality even without the accurate power model. Finally, based on the algorithm, we consider implementation issues and realize two application scenarios on a commercial OLED mobile tablet. The results of experiments conducted on the tablet with real images demonstrate that the proposed methodology can achieve significant power savings while retaining the visual quality.
Teaching game-playing social skills using a self-monitoring treatment package

We examined an alternative model to social skills and social competence training through conceptualizing social skills deficits according to a dichotomous model of either (a) not possessing the necessary skill in the behavioral repertoire or (b) possessing the skill but not using it appropriately. We hypothesized that many skills deficits could be explained by the latter interpretation. Using an ABAC design we compared the use of two behavioral monitoring systems: self-monitoring and group monitoring of social skills while playing board games. The data suggest substantial increases in prosocial behaviors along with concomitant reductions in antisocial behaviors as a result of the two monitoring procedures. Data also show generalization across gaming situations and maintenance over time. Suggestions are presented for further research to isolate the role of self-regulation in social skills research. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Locus Ceruleus Regulates Sensory Encoding by Neurons and Networks in Waking Animals

Substantial evidence indicates that the locus ceruleus (LC)–norepinephrine (NE) projection system regulates behavioral state and state-dependent processing of sensory information. Tonic LC discharge (0.1–5.0 Hz) is correlated with levels of arousal and demonstrates an optimal firing rate during good performance in a sustained attention task. In addition, studies have shown that locally applied NE or LC stimulation can modulate the responsiveness of neurons, including those in the thalamus, to nonmonoaminergic synaptic inputs. Many recent investigations further indicate that within sensory relay circuits of the thalamus both general and specific features of sensory information are represented within the collective firing patterns of like-modality neurons. However, no studies have examined the impact of NE or LC output on the discharge properties of ensembles of functionally related cells in intact, conscious animals. Here, we provide evidence linking LC neuronal discharge and NE efflux with LC-mediated modulation of single-neuron and neuronal ensemble representations of sensory stimuli in the ventral posteriomedial thalamus of waking rats. As such, the current study provides evidence that output from the LC across a physiologic range modulates single thalamic neuron responsiveness to synaptic input and representation of sensory information across ensembles of thalamic neurons in a manner that is consistent with the well documented actions of LC output on cognition.