Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiband Compact Printed Dipole Antennas Using NRI-TL Metamaterial Loading

A compact, fully-printed negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterial-loaded dipole antenna is proposed, which exhibits multiband resonant characteristics that are not harmonically related. The multiband behavior is achieved by loading a host dipole antenna with series capacitive gaps and shunt inductive strips, to form a two unit-cell NRI-TL loaded antenna. By modeling the right-handed dipole sections as biconical transmission lines, the rich dispersion properties of the NRI-TL structure can be exploited, while still creating an effective radiator. An equivalent circuit model of the NRI-TL antenna is developed, and it is shown that its performance agrees well with the results obtained using full-wave simulations. It is also shown that the resonant behavior of the antenna can be adjusted by changing its geometrical parameters, which in turn tune the loading parameters of each NRI-TL unit cell. As such, both dual-band and triband versions of the antenna are designed and fabricated. The dual-band version exhibits three distinct resonances at 1.15, 2.88, and 3.72 GHz, with measured -10 dB bandwidths of 37 and 1150 MHz. The lowest resonance at 1.15 GHz corresponds to a 47% reduction in the resonant frequency compared to that of a reference unloaded dipole antenna, which translates into a size miniaturization factor of approximately two. The antenna exhibits stable dipolar radiation patterns with a linear electric field polarization, and has a total size of 50 × 10 × 0.79 mm3 or 0. 19λ0 × 0. 04λ0 × 0. 003λ0 at 1.15 GHz. Throughout the operating bands the measured gain and radiation efficiency vary from 0.11 to 3.26 dBi and 49.5% to 95.6%, respectively.
Role of LONELY GUY genes in indeterminate nodulation on Medicago truncatula.

LONELY GUY (LOG) genes encode cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolases and are directly involved in the activation of cytokinins. To assess whether LOG proteins affect the influence of cytokinin on nodulation, we studied two LOG genes of Medicago truncatula. Expression analysis showed that MtLOG1 and MtLOG2 were upregulated during nodulation in a CRE1-dependent manner. Expression was mainly localized in the dividing cells of the nodule primordium. In addition, RNA interference revealed that MtLOG1 is involved in nodule development and that the gene plays a negative role in lateral root development. Ectopic expression of MtLOG1 resulted in a change in cytokinin homeostasis, triggered cytokinin-inducible genes and produced roots with enlarged vascular tissues and shortened primary roots. In addition, those 35S:LOG1 roots also displayed fewer nodules than the wild-type. This inhibition in nodule formation was local, independent of the SUPER NUMERIC NODULES gene, but coincided with an upregulation of the MtCLE13 gene, encoding a CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION peptide. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in M. truncatula LOG proteins might be implicated in nodule primordium development and lateral root formation.
Control in Internal and Outsourced Software Projects

Although the choice of control mechanisms in systems development projects has been extensively studied in prior research, differences in such choices across internal and outsourced projects and their effects on systems development performance have not received much attention. This study attempts to address this gap using data on 57 outsourced and 79 internal projects in 136 organizations. Our results reveal a paradoxical overarching pattern: controllers attempt greater use of control mechanisms in outsourced projects relative to internal projects, yet controls enhance systems development performance in internal projects but not in outsourced projects. We introduce a distinction between attempted control and realized control to explain this disconnect, and show how anticipated transaction hazards motivate the former but meeting specific informational and social prerequisites facilitate the latter. Our results contribute three new insights to the systems development control literature. First, controllers attempt to use controller-driven control mechanisms to a greater degree in outsourced projects but controllee-driven control mechanisms to a greater degree in internal projects. Second, we establish a hitherto-missing control-performance link. The nuanced differences in internal and outsourced projects simultaneously confirm and refute a pervasive assertion in the information systems controls literature that control enhances performance. Finally, we show how requirements volatility—which can be at odds with control—alters the control—performance relationships. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
Simple true random number generator for any semi-conductor technology

True random number generators (TRNGs) are needed in cryptography for key generation, in challenge response authentication procedures and for countermeasures against power analysis attacks. Such true randomness requires to utilise random physical hardware effects. It is the goal to make the TRNG usable for different semi-conductor technologies (including field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)). This approach is based on ring oscillators with multiple taps in combination with a simple post processing by exclusive OR antivalence (XOR) compression. Verifications with a test chip and several FPGA implementations showed that standard digital library elements and the digital design flow can be used without any constraints for compilation and special layout rules. A proper choice of sampling frequency and compression coefficient ensures a random output with extremely low bias for different technologies which can be checked on-line easily. It was shown that for passing the on-line test with a given bias limit the generated random data passes the statistical tests.
The combined effects of controlled breathing techniques and ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise on cardiopulmonary responses in patients with spinal cord injury

This study investigated the effects of controlled breathing techniques and ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise on cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions and exercise tolerance in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The design of the study was prospective and was a before–after trial. Twenty patients with SCI were included in the study. Resting pulmonary functions were assessed spirometrically. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise were determined with an electronically braked arm crank ergometer. The expired gases during this exercise were collected and analysed using a computerized gas analysis system. Patients with SCI participated in a 6-week ventilatory and upper extremity muscle exercise program for 1 h, three times per week. At the end of the exercise program, we observed significant improvement in spirometric values, peak oxygen uptake, time to fatigue, peak power output and minute ventilation compared with pre-training values for the patients.
Existence of global input-output model for nonlinear systems

The existence of input-output model is essential for identification and control problems since many prediction and control techniques are based upon the input-output representations rather than state-space models. For linear time-invariant system, it is well known that the input-output model exists, which is called the ARMA (auto-regressive moving average) model. For nonlinear systems, it was also established that the ARMA model can be extended locally around the origin, which is called the NARMA (i.e., nonlinear ARMA) model. In this paper, some recent results on the extensions of these ideas to global input-output representation for general discrete-time nonlinear systems will be presented. It is proven by transversality theory from differential topology that global input-output model exists for almost every nonlinear system.
Targets and End Points in Cardiac Autonomic Denervation Procedures

Background— Autonomic denervation is an alternative approach for patients with symptomatic bradycardia. No consensus exists on the critical targets and end points of the procedure. The aim of this study was to identify immediate end points and critical atrial regions responsible for vagal denervation. Methods and Results— We enrolled 14 patients (50% men; age: 34.0±13.8 years) with cardioinhibitory syncope, advanced atrioventricular block or sinus arrest, and no structural heart disease. Anatomic mapping of ganglionated plexuses was performed, followed by radiofrequency ablation. Heart rate, sinus node recovery time, Wenckebach cycle length, and atrial-His (AH) interval were measured before and after every radiofrequency pulse. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison. Significant shortening of the R-R interval (P=0.0009), Wenckebach cycle length (P=0.0009), and AH intervals (P=0.0014) was observed after ablation. The heart rate elevation was 23.8±12.5%, and the Wenckebach cycle length and AH interval shortening was 18.1±11% and 24.6±19%, respectively. Atropine bolus injection (0.04 mg/kg) did not increase heart rate further. Targeting a single spot of the left side (64% of the patients) or right side (36%) of the interatrial septum was observed to be responsible for ≥80% of the final R-R and AH interval shortening during ablation. Conclusions— Targeting specific sites of the interatrial septum is followed by an increase in heart rate and atrioventricular nodal conduction properties and might be critical for vagal attenuation. The R-R interval, Wenckebach cycle length, and AH interval shortening, associated with a negative response to atropine, could be considered immediate end points of the procedure.
The impact of results control on affective organizational commitment: the mediating effects of perceived procedural justice

La litterature en organisation a montre que l’engagement organisationnel avait un effet important sur le comportement et la performance des salaries. Pourtant, curieusement, alors que les systemes de controle par les resultats occupent une place centrale dans les organisations et sont connus pour leur incidence sur les comportements, peu de recherches en controle se sont interessees a leur effet sur l’engagement organisationnel. Cette etude tente de combler ce vide en arguant que le systeme de controle par les resultats peut, lorsqu’il est percu comme juste, contribuer a accroitre l’engagement organisationnel. A partir d’une enquete aupres de 320 managers, nos resultats montrent que trois caracteristiques de ce mode de controle – a savoir, la participation a la fixation des objectifs, l’application du principe de controlabilite et l’existence d’un feedback sur la performance – ont un effet positif sur l’engagement organisationnel, via la justice procedurale percue. Ces resultats invitent les chercheurs en controle a s’interesser a la justice percue et fournissent aux organisations des indications pour mettre en place des systemes de controle plus justes, donc plus efficaces.
Tension endurance of HMPE fiber ropes

Tension-tension fatigue tests on high modulus polyethylene fibers show that fatigue lifetime is governed by plastic deformation failure. This insight is further evaluated on small ropes and via a simple to implement dynamic shift factor, time-to-failure under dynamic conditions is shown to be predicted based on static creep failure. Basis of the shift factor is the time spend under load and gives excellent predictions when no additional heating-up is introduced during the test. This makes DSM Dyneema's Performance Model, for static creep prediction, also capable to predict dynamic tension-tension failure.
Service-Learning in Music Education: Participants' Reflections

The purpose of this research was to examine perceptions of participants (N=23) in a service-learning music education partnership. Questions were (a) How do preservice music teachers? perceptions illustrate their reflective practice? (b) How do classroom teachers describe the influence of the partnership? (c) How has the partnership contributed to arts activities at the elementary school? Emerging categories for each question included (a) preservice teachers? focus on self-preparation, planning and teaching lessons, or children as a measure of teaching effectiveness; engagement in reflective practice; and initial transformation from being a student to being a teacher; (b) classroom teachers? observations of preservice music teachers? professional model, children? s responses to music, and partnership? s value; and (c) the partnership? s role in providing support for increased arts activities on campus, which included the principal hiring a music-certified teacher. Likeminded stakeholders in this setting made service-learning a suitable choice for a music education field experience.
Other Limits of Acceptable Family Size in Southern Nigeria

Summary This paper compares the results of questions about the best number of children and the desire for more children from three Nigerian sample surveys of adult females: in the Lagos metropolis (1973), in West Nigeria (1973), and among the Ngwa Ibo in the East Central State (1974). In Lagos and West Nigeria support for the ‘small’ family (of four children or, rarely, less) is more prevalent amongst the younger, urban bred and educated women: when these achieve their preferred family size a decline in fertility may be implemented. Among the Ngwa Ibo four children are seen as too few and the desire to stop childbearing only receives majority support from wives with seven or more surviving children. Economic constraints on family size have less impact on the Ngwa Ibo but glimmerings of interest in family limitation, albeit at high parities, are apparent among the educated Ngwa wives.
Integrated viral DNA sequences in Epstein-Barr virus-converted human lymphoma lines

Most human lymphoid cell lines contain multiple copies of circular, nonintegrated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA molecules as well as viral DNA sequences with properties of integrated DNA. The physical state of the EBV DNA in a human lymphoma line that only contains one virus genome equivalent per cell has now been studied by three different methods, neutral CsCl density gradient centrifugation, actinomycin D-CsCl gradient centrifugation, and Hirt fractionation. This cell line, AW-Ramos, has been obtained by EBV infection in vitro of the apparently EBV-negative Ramos lymphoma line. The results indicate that the EBV DNA in AW-Ramos is present exclusively in a linearly integrated form. Similar data were obtained with two other EBV-converted sublines of Ramos cells.
Artificial Redirection of Sensation From Prosthetic Fingers to the Phantom Hand Map on Transradial Amputees: Vibrotactile Versus Mechanotactile Sensory Feedback

This work assesses the ability of transradial amputees to discriminate multi-site tactile stimuli in sensory discrimination tasks. It compares different sensory feedback modalities using an artificial hand prosthesis in: 1) a modality matched paradigm where pressure recorded on the five fingertips of the hand was fed back as pressure stimulation on five target points on the residual limb; and 2) a modality mismatched paradigm where the pressures were transformed into mechanical vibrations and fed back. Eight transradial amputees took part in the study and were divided in two groups based on the integrity of their phantom map; group A had a complete phantom map on the residual limb whereas group B had an incomplete or nonexisting map. The ability in localizing stimuli was compared with that of 10 healthy subjects using the vibration feedback and 11 healthy subjects using the pressure feedback (in a previous study), on their forearms, in similar experiments. Results demonstrate that pressure stimulation surpassed vibrotactile stimulation in multi-site sensory feedback discrimination. Furthermore, we demonstrate that subjects with a detailed phantom map had the best discrimination performance and even surpassed healthy participants for both feedback paradigms whereas group B had the worst performance overall. Finally, we show that placement of feedback devices on a complete phantom map improves multi-site sensory feedback discrimination, independently of the feedback modality.
IntAct—open source resource for molecular interaction data

IntAct is an open source database and software suite for modeling, storing and analyzing molecular interaction data. The data available in the database originates entirely from published literature and is manually annotated by expert biologists to a high level of detail, including experimental methods, conditions and interacting domains. The database features over 126 000 binary interactions extracted from over 2100 scientific publications and makes extensive use of controlled vocabularies. The web site provides tools allowing users to search, visualize and download data from the repository. IntAct supports and encourages local installations as well as direct data submission and curation collaborations. IntAct source code and data are freely available from .
Formal and Informal Social Capital in Germany: The Role of Institutions and Ethnic Diversity

Evidence for the often-posited negative relation between ethnic diversity and various measures of social capital is burdened by difficulties measuring the levels of aggregation at which the indicators operate, the common use of cross-sectional data, and by the common omission of macro-level variables that plausibly confound the relation between ethnic diversity and social capital. To overcome these problems, this article studies social capital in Germany. Germany has a sizeable immigrant population and a considerable within-country variation in the extent to which government institutions and the labour market function. Districts also have different democratic histories. To explore to what extent social capital can be explained by ethnic diversity and institutional characteristics of districts in Germany, we combine data from the German Socioeconomic Panel, with relevant macro-level characteristics at the level of districts (‘Kreise’). We use three-level multilevel regression analyses to study the 2003 data, and individual fixed effects panel regressions to study the consequences of changes between 2003 and 2008. Our findings indicate that ethnic diversity in districts has a negative effect on political participation. We find no evidence that ethnic diversity is related to other forms of social capital.
Rice Crop Response to Applied Copper under Varying Soil Available Copper Status at Tamilnadu, India

The world’s population is expected to hike about 9.7 billion by 2050 and the Indian population may increase to 1.6 billion from the current level of 1.2 billion (Shukla et al., 2014). Among the existing population, it has been reported that about 2 billion people of the world’s population have been affected by micronutrient malnutrition. As anticipated, deficiencies of micronutrients are highly prevalent in places where cereals with low nutritional quality are the main diet (Cakmak, 2008). In order to feed the increasing population and to overcome the nutritional disorder, agricultural intensification is required which will improve the food production and it will meet out the dietary nutrient requirement of humans. More than half of the world’s population consumes rice than other cereals (FAO, 2013). About 92 per cent of the world’s rice are produced and consumed in Asia and among the Asian continent; India has the largest area of 29.4 per cent global area under rice cultivation (Humaira et al., 2015). In Indian states, Tamil Nadu stays third in the rice production (Mahata et al., 2012).
How to Tell a Jet from a Balloon: A Proposed Test for Beaming in Gamma-Ray Bursts

If gamma-ray bursts are highly collimated, radiating into only a small fraction of the sky, the energy requirements of each event may be reduced by several (~4-6) orders of magnitude, and the event rate is increased correspondingly. Extreme conditions in gamma-ray bursters lead to highly relativistic motions (bulk Lorentz factors of Γ ≳ 100). This results in strong forward beaming of the emitted radiation in the observer's rest frame. Thus, all information on gamma-ray bursts comes from those ejecta emitted in a narrow cone (opening angle of ~1/Γ) pointing toward the observer. We are at present ignorant of whether there are ejecta outside that cone or not. The recent detection of longer wavelength transients following gamma-ray bursts allows an empirical test of whether gamma-ray bursts are well-collimated jets or spherical fireballs. The bulk Lorentz factor of the burst ejecta will decrease with time after the event, as the ejecta sweep up the surrounding medium. Thus, radiation from the ejecta is beamed into an ever-increasing solid angle as the burst remnant evolves. It follows that if gamma-ray bursts are highly collimated, many more optical and radio transients should be observed without associated gamma rays than with them. Published supernova searches may contain enough data to test the most extreme models of gamma-ray beaming. We close with a brief discussion of other possible consequences of beaming, including its effect on the evolution of burst remnants.
Chronic construct accessibility in socially phobic and agoraphobic outpatients

According to theories of social cognition, individuals screen incoming information from the environment using certain cognitive constructs (Wyer & Srull, 1986). Personally relevant construct systems develop from an individuals's particular history of social interactions (Wyer & Srull, 1986). A concern in social cognition theory is whether there are cognitive processes specific to different complaints (Beck & Emery, 1985). This study investigated whether the content of chronically accessible or salient constructs interpersonal constructs could differentiate individuals with social fears from those with different emotional complaints. The accessibility and salience of social constructs of social phobics, agoraphobics, and normal subjects were examined. No differences were found between the groups on an unstructured measure of construct accessibility. Group differences did emerge on a structured task reflecting salience of specific traits. Individuals with agoraphobia reported that they would be more attentive to the dimensions supportive-critical and enabling-bossy. This is consistent with current conceptualizations of agoraphobics as individuals who do not feel they can cope with the dangers of the outside world, and are compelled to seek help from a 'caregiver' (Beck & Emery, 1985). Social phobics reported that they would not be particularly attentive to any of the traits. This may be a result of socially phobic individuals self-focused attention. iii Table of
Why Men Buy Sex: Examining sex worker clients

Part 1: Theorising sex work and the procurement of sexual services Introduction 1. Deconstructing Sexuality and understanding procurement of sex 2. Understanding Sex Work 1: Deviant and Immoral 3. Understanding Sex Work 2: Normative Values and Commodity Part 2: Examining men who procure sexual services Introduction 4. Contextualizing the cohort: The personal and social characteristics of men who procure sexual services 5. The '5WH' of men's procurement of sexual services 6. Examining why men procure sexual services 7. Making sense of men's procurement of sexual services: A new understanding for this social phenomenon 8. Conclusion, recommendations and implications for further study.