Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of English Teaching Materials used at a Vocational High School Based on Cunningsworth’s Checklist

English teaching material is really important, that is why a teacher should be able to select the right book to use on teaching and learning process. One of the ways is by evaluating the textbook. This study aims to evaluate the English teaching materials covering its language content, language skills, and topics, used at a Vocational High School based on Cunningsworth’s checklist. The data were taken by distributing checklist and conducting interview to one vice- principal who is also as a teacher of English and two English teachers at a Vocational High School. The data were analyzed by getting average and percentage. The methodology of the research is descriptive qualitative content analysis. Results showed that language content in the textbook viewed from criteria of good English teaching materials are poor. The textbook only covers little grammar and vocabulary. The language skills practiced in the textbook according to criteria of good English teaching materials are poor for they are in general content and limited activities. While, according to criteria of good English teaching materials, the topics introduced in the textbook are poor too. The topics covered in the textbook are general topics. It can be concluded that English teaching materials covering language content, language skills, and topics in the textbook are not appropriate for hotel accomodation students. As suggestion, the four skills should be integrated in the topics in order to give more importance to grammar and communication skills. The topics content that relate to hospitality and tourism department specially for hotel accomodation department should be provided and added so it will be meaningful for the learners espesially the learners of hotel accomodation .
VLA Observations of a New Population of Blazars

We present the first deep VLA radio images of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) with multiwavelength emission properties similar to those of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects with synchrotron X-rays. Our observations of 25 of these sources show that their radio morphologies are similar to those of other radio quasars. However, their range of extended powers is more similar to that of BL Lac objects and extends down to the low values typical of FR I radio galaxies. Five out of our nine lobe-dominated sources have extended radio powers in the range typical of both FR I and FR II radio galaxies, but their extended radio structure is clearly FR II-like. Therefore, we have not yet found a large population of radio quasars hosted by FR I galaxies. Two-thirds of our sources have a core-dominated radio morphology and thus X-rays likely dominated by the jet. We find that their ratios of radio core to total X-ray luminosity are low and in the regime indicative of synchrotron X-rays. This result shows that also blazars with strong emission lines can produce jets of high-energy synchrotron emission, and it undermines at least in part the "blazar sequence" scenario, which advocates the position that particle Compton cooling by an external radiation field governs the frequency of the synchrotron emission peak.
Terms of Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Developing Countries

Since Friedman (1953), an advantage often attributed to flexible exchange rate regimes over fixed regimes is their ability to insulate more effectively the economy against real shocks. I use a post-Bretton Woods sample (1973-96) of seventy-five developing countries to assess whether the responses of real GDP, real exchange rates, and prices to terms-of-trade shocks differ systematically across exchange rate regimes. I find that responses are significantly different across regimes in a way that supports Friedman's hypothesis. In response to a negative terms-of-trade shock, countries with fixed regimes experience large and significant declines in real GDP, and the real exchange rate depreciates slowly and by means of a fall in prices. Countries with more flexible regimes, by contrast, tend to have small real GDP losses and immediate large real depreciations. The contributions of terms-of-trade disturbances to the actual fluctuation of real GDP, real exchange rates, and prices are also examined.
Suprachoroidal haemorrhage complicating cataract surgery in the UK: epidemiology, clinical features, management, and outcomes

Aims: To study the incidence, management, and outcomes of suprachoroidal haemorrhage (SCH) complicating cataract surgery in the United Kingdom. Methods: Cases were prospectively collected by active surveillance through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit. Details were obtained using an incident questionnaire with follow up at 6 months. Results: 118 cases were reported in 1 year. The estimated incidence of SCH was 0.04% (95% confidence interval 0.034% to 0.050%). Cataract extractions were by phacoemulsification in 76.2%, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in 11.0%, and phacoemulsification conversion in 12.8%. SCH was “limited” (1 to 2 quadrants) in 48.7%, “full blown” (3 to 4 quadrants) in 43.1%. SCH in phacoemulsification was more likely to be limited (63.2%), compared with ECCE (11.1%) and phacoemulsification conversion (23.1%) (p<0.001, χ2 test). Visual acuity (VA) was better than 6/60 in 57 of 95 (60%) cases after a median follow up interval of 185 days. 33 of 34 cases (97.1%) with secondary anterior segment revision had VA better than 6/60. VA was worse than 6/60 in 7 of 8 (87.5%) cases that had intraoperative sclerostomy, and in all 6 (100%) cases that had secondary posterior segment intervention. Conclusion: SCH is a rare but serious complication of cataract surgery. Poor prognostic factors included full blown SCH, ECCE, phacoemulsification conversion, retinal apposition, and retinal detachment.
Acetylcholine enhancement in the nucleus accumbens prevents addictive behaviors of cocaine and morphine

Drug addiction poses serious social, medical, and economic problems, but effective treatments for drug addiction are still limited. Cocaine and morphine elevate dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the overwhelming actions of dopamine are implicated in reinforcement and addiction of abusive drugs. In our previous studies, we reported the regulatory role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the NAc function by selectively ablating the NAc cholinergic neurons with use of immunotoxin-mediated cell targeting. These studies indicated that ACh and dopamine acted convergently but oppositely on the NAc circuit and that cholinergic cell ablation enhanced long-lasting behavioral changes of cocaine addiction. In this investigation, we showed that immunotoxin-mediated ablation of the NAc cholinergic neurons enhanced not only the sensitivity to morphine in conditioned place preference but also negative reinforcement of morphine withdrawal in conditioned place aversion. Remarkably, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that act on the brain AChE suppressed both cocaine- and morphine-induced conditioned place preference and blocked the induction and persistence of cocaine-evoked hyperlocomotion. Importantly, this inhibition was abolished by ablation of the NAc cholinergic neurons. These results demonstrate that centrally active AChE inhibitors prevent long-lasting behavioral abnormalities associated with cocaine and morphine addictions by potentiating the actions of ACh released from the NAc cholinergic neurons. Centrally active AChE inhibitors could thus be approached as novel and potential therapeutic agents for drug addiction.
Guide focused crawler efficiently and effectively using on-line topical importance estimation

Focused crawling is a critical technique for topical resource discovery on the Web. We propose a new frontier prioritizing algorithm, namely, the OTIE (On-line Topical Importance Estimation) algorithm, which efficiently and effectively combines link-based and content-based analysis to evaluate the priority of an uncrawled URL in the frontier. We then demonstrate OTIE's advantages over traditional prioritizing algorithms by real crawling experiments.
Brain Glycolipids Suppress T Helper Cells and Inhibit Autoimmune Demyelination

The CNS is considered an immune privileged site because its repertoire of highly immunogenic molecules remains unseen by the immune system under normal conditions. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of immune reactions within the CNS environment is not known, particularly in regions containing myelin, which contains several potent proteins and lipids that are invariably recognized as foreign by immune system cells. Sulfatides constitute a major component of myelin glycolipids and are known to be capable of raising an immune response. In this study, the effect of sulfatides on mouse T cell function and differentiation was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. We found profound inhibition of sulfatide-dependent T cell proliferation which was particularly pronounced in naive T helper (Th) cells. The inhibitory effect of sulfatides on T cell function was CD1d-independent and was not related to apoptosis or necrosis but did involve the induction of anergy as confirmed by the upregulation of early growth response 2 transcription factor. A glycolipid 3-sulfate group was essential for the T cell suppression, and the T cell inhibition was galectin-4-dependent. Sulfatide stimulation in vitro led to prominent suppression of Th17 differentiation, and this was related to a decrease in susceptibility to disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Thus, we have defined a novel mechanism of negative regulation of T cell function by endogenous brain-derived glycolipids, a family of molecules traditionally deemphasized in favor of myelin proteins in studies of CNS autoimmunity.
Japanese co-occurrence restrictions influence second language perception

ABSTRACT Most current models of nonnative speech perception (e.g., extended perceptual assimilation model, PAM-L2, Best & Tyler, 2007; speech learning model, Flege, 1995; native language magnet model, Kuhl, 1993) base their predictions on the native/nonnative status of individual phonetic/phonological segments. This paper demonstrates that the phonotactic properties of Japanese influence the perception of natively contrasting consonants and suggests that phonotactic influence must be formally incorporated in these models. We first propose that by extending the perceptual categories outlined in PAM-L2 to incorporate sequences of sounds, we can account for the effects of differences in native and nonnative phonotactics on nonnative and cross-language segmental perception. In addition, we test predictions based on such an extension in two perceptual experiments. In Experiment 1, Japanese listeners categorized and rated vowel–consonant–vowel strings in combinations that either obeyed or violated Japanese phonotactics. The participants categorized phonotactically illegal strings to the perceptually nearest (legal) categories. In Experiment 2, participants discriminated the same strings in AXB discrimination tests. Our results show that Japanese listeners are more accurate and have faster response times when discriminating between legal strings than between legal and illegal strings. These findings expose serious shortcomings in currently accepted nonnative perception models, which offer no framework for the influence of native language phonotactics.
Prescription Analysis of Ambulatory Patients of Diabetes Mellitus in Lahore Pakistan

Received: Revised: Accepted: 2014–03–16 2014–05–22 2014–05–23 Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Its incidence rate appears to be increasing in the last few decades. In this study prescribing pattern of medications in 100 ambulatory patients of diabetes mellitus was observed from September 2013 to December 2013 in Lahore. It was revealed from our study that diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in patients of age above 30 years (96%) & incidence rate was higher in females (61%) as compared to males. 72% prescriptions were legible, dose was missing in 26% of the prescription, frequency in 38% and strength of medicines in 27%. Either of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent was prescribed in 46% of the prescriptions as monotherapy. Biguanides were the most prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents as monotherapy (33%) & insulin alone in 13% patients. Combination of antidiabetic agents was observed in 54% prescriptions and frequently prescribed combination was of Sulfonylureas with Biguanides (41%). All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers
Superconvergence of quadratic finite elements on mildly structured grids

Superconvergence estimates are studied in this paper on quadratic finite element discretizations for second order elliptic boundary value problems on mildly structured triangular meshes. For a large class of practically useful grids, the finite element solution u h is proven to be superclose to the inter-polant u I and as a result a postprocessing gradient recovery scheme for u h can be devised. The analysis is based on a number of carefully derived identities. In addition to its own theoretical interests, the result in this paper can be used for deriving asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimators for quadratic finite element methods.
Nonlinear harmonic generation and devices in doubly resonant Kerr cavities

We describea theoretical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of third-harmonic generation ($\omega\to3\omega$) via Kerr ($\chithree$) nonlinearities in a resonant cavity with resonances at both $\omega$ and $3\omega$. Such a doubly resonant cavity greatly reduces the required power for efficient harmonic generation, by a factor of $\sim V/Q^2$ where $V$ is the modal volume and $Q$ is the lifetime, and can even exhibit 100% harmonic conversion efficiency at a critical input power. However, we show that it also exhibits a rich variety of nonlinear dynamics, such as multistable solutions and long-period limit cycles.We describe how to compensate for self/cross-phase modulation (which otherwise shifts the cavity frequencies out of resonance), and how to excite the different stable solutions (and especially the high-efficiency solutions) by specially modulated input pulses.
Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity: Parallel Processes and Correlated Patterns

Species diversity and genetic diversity may be correlated as a result of processes acting in parallel at the two levels. However, no theories predict the conditions under which different relationships between species diversity and genetic diversity might arise and therefore when one level of diversity may be predicted using the other. I used simulation models to investigate the parallel influence of locality area, immigration rate, and environmental heterogeneity on species diversity and genetic diversity. The most common pattern was moderate to strong positive species‐genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs). Such correlations may be driven by any one of the three locality characteristics examined, but important exceptions and patterns emerged. Genetic diversity and species diversity were more weakly correlated when genetic diversity was measured for rare versus common species. Environmental heterogeneity not only imposes spatially varying selection on populations and communities but also causes changes in species’ population sizes and therefore genetic diversity; these interacting processes can create positive, negative, or unimodal relationships of genetic diversity with species diversity. When species are considered as part of multispecies communities, predictions from single‐species models of genetic diversity apply in some instances (effects of area and immigration) but often not in others (effects of environmental heterogeneity).
Note on generalization in experimental algorithmics

A recurring theme in mathematical software evaluation is the generalization of rankings of algorithms on test problems to build knowledge-based recommender systems for algorithm selection. A key issue is to <italic>profile</italic> algorithms in terms of the qualitative characteristics of benchmark problems. In this methodological note, we adapt a novel all-pairs algorithm for the profiling task; given performance rankings for <italic>m</italic> algorithms on <italic>n</italic> problem instances, each described with <italic>p</italic> features, identify a (minimal) subset of <italic>p</italic> that is useful for assessing the selective superiority of an algorithm over another, for all pairs of <italic>m</italic> algorithms. We show how techniques presented in the mathematical software literature are inadequate for such profiling purposes. In conclusion, we also address various statistical issues underlying the effective application of this technique.
Essays on economic fluctuations in an open economy

Structural VAR models are an important tool in the analysis of economic fluctuations. Once identified, the VAR model can provide information of the dynamic quantitative impact that structural shocks have on economic variables. However, the identification schemes used to identify a VAR have recently been criticized either on the grounds that they are unreasonable, or not numerous enough to achieve proper identification. In this paper, I develop an identification scheme that combines the use of short run and sign restrictions and argue for why such a scheme may make it easier for a researcher to achieve identification. 1 I am grateful to Hilde C. Bjørnland, Gernot Doppelhofer, Dag Henning Jacobsen and conference participants at Conference on Computing in Economics and Finance (CEF) in Paris (2008) for constructive comments.
Empathy and Narrative Transportation : fiction's Relationship to Empathy in Leaders

Empathy is an essential competence of ethical leadership. However, business leaders are more likely to display and value traits like narcissism than empathy at work. This has prompted a need to explore empathy in leadership, specifically through its relationship to aesthetics as a potential source thereof. Previous research has shown that those more easily transported into aesthetic mediums like fictional narratives display higher degrees of cognitive empathy. Here, we extend this research into a business context, exploring the relationship between leader narrative transportation ability and cognitive empathy, using both self-reported and task-based measures (statistically controlling for gender, cultural background and English as first language). Leader narrative transportation ability positively predicted measures of task-based cognitive empathy but did not predict self-reported measures of cognitive empathy. These results suggest that leaders that share a positive relationship with fiction may be more adept at cognitive empathy, providing some justification for the role of aesthetics in business. Furthermore, self-reported cognitive empathy at work may be influenced by bias or misperception.
Spectroscopy and stellar populations of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3 in the Hubble Deep Field - South

We present results of VLT/FORS2 spectroscopy of galaxies at z~3 in the Hubble Deep Field-South (HDF-S). A sample of galaxies was drawn from the photo-z catalogue based on the HST/WFPC2 optical images and the deep near-infrared images obtained with VLT/ISAAC as a part of the FIRES project. We selected galaxies with photometric redshift between 2.5 and 4. Most of the selected galaxies are bright in rest-frame UV wavelengths and satisfy color selection criteria of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z~3. The number of target galaxies with I(AB) 2 discovered by FIRES. DRGs have larger stellar masses, larger dust attenuation than our UV-luminous LBG sample, and their star formation rates are often comparable to LBGs. These trends suggest that majority of DRGs are indeed the most massive systems at the redshift and are still in the active star-forming phase. Unless the number density of DRGs is much smaller than LBGs, estimates based on UV selected sample could miss substantial part of stellar mass density at z~3.
Type-elimination-based reasoning for the description logic SHIQbs using decision diagrams and disjunctive datalog

We propose a novel, type-elimination-based method for reasoning in the description logic SHIQbs including DL-safe rules. To this end, we first establish a knowledge compilation method converting the terminological part of an ALCIb knowledge base into an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) which represents a canonical model. This OBDD can in turn be transformed into disjunctive Datalog and merged with the assertional part of the knowledge base in order to perform combined reasoning. In order to leverage our technique for full SHIQbs, we provide a stepwise reduction from SHIQbs to ALCIb that preserves satisfiability and entailment of positive and negative ground facts. The proposed technique is shown to be worst case optimal w.r. t. combined and data complexity and easily admits extensions with ground conjunctive queries.
Drawing skill is related to the efficiency of encoding object structure

Accurate drawing calls on many skills beyond simple motor coordination. A good internal representation of the target object's structure is necessary to capture its proportion and shape in the drawing. Here, we assess two aspects of the perception of object structure and relate them to participants' drawing accuracy. First, we assessed drawing accuracy by computing the geometrical dissimilarity of their drawing to the target object. We then used two tasks to evaluate the efficiency of encoding object structure. First, to examine the rate of temporal encoding, we varied presentation duration of a possible versus impossible test object in the fovea using two different test sizes (8° and 28°). More skilled participants were faster at encoding an object's structure, but this difference was not affected by image size. A control experiment showed that participants skilled in drawing did not have a general advantage that might have explained their faster processing for object structure. Second, to measure the critical image size for accurate classification in the periphery, we varied image size with possible versus impossible object tests centered at two different eccentricities (3° and 8°). More skilled participants were able to categorise object structure at smaller sizes, and this advantage did not change with eccentricity. A control experiment showed that the result could not be attributed to differences in visual acuity, leaving attentional resolution as a possible explanation. Overall, we conclude that drawing accuracy is related to faster encoding of object structure and better access to crowded details.
Deep Reinforcement Learning in Parameterized Action Space

Recent work has shown that deep neural networks are capable of approximating both value functions and policies in reinforcement learning domains featuring continuous state and action spaces. However, to the best of our knowledge no previous work has succeeded at using deep neural networks in structured (parameterized) continuous action spaces. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on learning within the domain of simulated RoboCup soccer, which features a small set of discrete action types, each of which is parameterized with continuous variables. The best learned agent can score goals more reliably than the 2012 RoboCup champion agent. As such, this paper represents a successful extension of deep reinforcement learning to the class of parameterized action space MDPs.