Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs in Supply Chain System Risk Mitigation

Supply chains are critical to global operations. However, they involve many risks that require consideration of trade-offs. Furthermore, consideration of the environment is becoming critical as well. This paper views supply chain decision-making from a system perspective, using multiple criteria decision-making as a framework. Systems perspectives of supply chains are discussed. Criteria and factors are reviewed for green supply chain management, supply chain risk, and supply chain efficiency. Selected papers balancing criteria in supply chain decision-making are reviewed with the purpose of demonstrating risk and environmental criteria with efficiency. The conclusions discuss how systemic features are demonstrated by these decision-making criteria. It is contended that consideration of systemic trade-offs will lead to sounder supply chain decision-making. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of a Failed Professional Learning Community.

Schools are using various forms of professional learning communities (PLCs) in order to increase student achievement and improve educational practices through enhanced communication and collaboration among teachers. This study examined a PLC that had too narrow a focus and failed therefore to affect student achievement. A critical shortcoming of the PLC groups examined in the current study had to do with their narrow mission and definition as “Data Teams” and consequentially a constricted focus on narrow metrics. A qualitative case study design was used to gather data through 6 interviews with PLC members and 3 observations of the PLC meetings. Interview data were coded and thematically analyzed based on the research questions posed in the study. The observational data were analyzed using pre-determined categories. The results indicated that the participants perceived the PLC, in its current state, as too focused on a single set of metrics and lacking the time, collaboration, and support needed to be effective.
Are Financial Analysts Accurate and Relevant? A Review of Relevant Research

Financial analysts have a strong influence in the market place; their recommendations can influence company’s prices, strategic outlook, and market value. This paper will review relevant research papers, and critically examine previous research to find all aspects, positive, negative, and contradictory findings which impact analyst’s accuracy and relevancy. My findings show that the evidence of analysts’ accuracy as a group, to be ambiguous, mixed and contradictory, although there is strong evidence some individual analysts are consistently accurate. As to the question of relevancy, the answer is a strong affirmative, as the review has shown analysts provide value other that predicting earnings and recommendations.
On the Differences between the Marginal Product of Capital Across Countries

We extended the standard neoclassical model of investment for the case of an open economy. Our model shows that risk premium not only creates a wedge between the marginal product of capital across countries but also reduces an economy's savings rate. A riskier market thus presents a lower income per capita, ceteris paribus. Our empirical analysis, from 1950 to 2003, lends support to the conclusion that both risk and the correction for output price to investment ratio help to explain the differentials.
Lone Motherhood: the Impact on Living Standards of Leaving a Violent Relationship

This paper presents findings from doctoral research which looked at the social support of women leaving domestic violence. In this paper the focus is on one aspect of that study: the living standards of women who have left a violent relationship. An exploratory, area-based study using in-depth interviews and participant observation with twenty white working-class women examinedthis issue. This exploratory study makes visible the links between violence and living standards. Debts incurred during the violent relationship when women had little if any control over finances, rent arrears incurred as a result of leaving, when women were temporarily housed in a refuge or hostel, and increased housing, travel and communication costs all contributed to the women'sexperience of poverty. If findings of previous research are correct, that between 20 and 40 per cent of lone parents (overwhelmingly mothers) experienced domestic violence in their previous relation-ship, then more extensive research in this area is indicated.
Writing gender in: reflections on writing middle-school political science textbooks in India

Feminists regard schooling as a critical site where children are socialised to adopt gender-based identities, and where the process of internalisation of gender norms – begun within the home and community at the earliest stage of childhood – continues. This process makes gender identities, roles, and power relations appear ‘natural’ and normal. Within the realm of schooling, curricula and textbooks play a key role in the selection and transmission of ‘knowledge’ about gender issues – that is, information which is seen as objectively true and and valued as such by students, teachers, and wider society. In this article, we draw on our experiences of engaging with the mainstream elementary education system in India on curriculum and textbook development.
The Impact of the NHS Reforms on Queues and Surgical Outcomes in England: Evidence From Hip Fracture Patients

National Health Service (NHS) reform introduced incentives for efficiency and cost effectiveness, yet little is known about their effectiveness in reducing waiting times for surgery or improving postsurgical outcomes. This paper finds that waiting times for hip fracture surgery declined after the NHS reforms and patients were more likely to be discharged to another provider. However, hospitals have not simply shifted the burden of care to other providers, since lengths of stay ending in a discharge to home fell. The effect of wait time on surgical outcomes is small in magnitude and cannot explain the postreform improvements in outcomes.
Differential Effects of Right- and Left-Hemisphere Damage on Understanding Sarcasm and Metaphor

Two subtests-Sarcasm Comprehension and Metaphor Comprehension-of Gardner and Brownell's (1986) Right Hemisphere Communication Battery, adapted to Hebrew, were administered to 27 right-brain-damaged (RBD) patients, 31 left-brain-damaged (LBD) patients, and 21 age-matched normal controls. RBD patients tended to score somewhat lower than LBD patients on Sarcasm Comprehension and higher than LBD patients on Metaphor Comprehension. Both patient groups showed a significant impairment in Sarcasm Comprehension relative to normal controls. The difference between RBD patients and normals in Metaphor Comprehension did not reach significance, but there was a significant disadvantage to LBD patients relative to both RBD patients and normal controls. Significant negative correlations between test scores and lesion extent were found for Sarcasm Comprehension in left middle and inferior frontal gyri, and for Metaphor Comprehension in left middle temporal gyrus and the junctional area of the superior temporal and supramarginal gyri on the left. Lesion extent in right hemisphere regions did not correlate with either test performance. The results are interpreted in terms of the recently proposed graded salience hypothesis (Giora, 1997, 1999, in press).
Economics of worldwide stagflation

This book sets forth both a theory and a comparative empirical analysis of stagflation, that peculiar combination of high unemployment, slow growth, and spurts of high inflation bedeviling the advanced industrial nations during the past fifteen years. The authors first construct a small macroeconomic model that takes full account of aggregate demand and supply forces in the determination of output, employment, and the price level, in both a single-economy and a multi-economy setting. They then apply the model to provide an understanding of comparative performance of industrial countries in the areas of unemployment, inflation, productivity, and investment growth. They argue convincingly that the decay of the major economies during this period resulted from the supply shocks of the 1970s, such as the two major OPEC oil-price increases, and from the consequent policy-induced decrease in demand in response to inflationary pressures. Their analysis differs markedly from similar studies in that it takes specific account of institutional differences in the labor markets of the various economies. This helps to explain in particular the divergent adjustment profiles of the United States and Europe. Bruno and Sachs make several key recommendations for the mix of demand management and incomes policies necessary to combat stagflation in individual countries as well as for the coordination of macroeconomic policies among the major industrial nations.
Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data

This chapter is an update of the data on substrates, reactions, inducers, and inhibitors of human CYP enzymes published previously by Rendic and DiCarlo (1), now covering selection of the literature through 2001 in the reference section. The data are presented in a tabular form (Table 1) to provide a framework for predicting and interpreting the new P450 metabolic data. The data are formatted in an Excel format as most suitable for off-line searching and management of the Web-database. The data are presented as stated by the author(s) and in the case when several references are cited the data are presented according to the latest published information. The searchable database is available either as an Excel file (for information contact the author), or as a Web-searchable database (Human P450 Metabolism Database, www.gentest.com) enabling the readers easy and quick approach to the latest updates on human CYP metabolic reactions.
Mat-8, a Novel Phospholemman-like Protein Expressed in Human Breast Tumors, Induces a Chloride Conductance in Xenopus Oocytes (*)

We recently identified a novel 8-kDa transmembrane protein, Mat-8, that is expressed in a subset of murine breast tumors. We have now cloned a cDNA encoding the human version of Mat-8 and show that it is expressed both in primary human breast tumors and in human breast tumor cell lines. The extracellular and transmembrane domains of Mat-8 are homologous to those of phospholemman (PLM), the major plasmalemmal substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C in several different tissues. PLM, which induces chloride currents when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, contains consensus phosphorylation sites for both cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and protein kinase C in its cytoplasmic domain. In contrast, the cytoplasmic domain of Mat-8 contains no such consensus phosphorylation sites and is, in fact, unrelated to the cytoplasmic domain of PLM. RNA blot analysis reveals that Mat-8 and PLM exhibit distinct tissue-specific patterns of expression. We show that expression of Mat-8 in Xenopus oocytes induces hyperpolarization-activated chloride currents similar to those induced by PLM expression. These findings suggest that Mat-8 and PLM, the products of distinct genes, are related proteins that serve as Cl channels or Cl channel regulators but have different roles in cell and organ physiology.
AC/DC power system fault simulation based on ADPSS

Both the security of the whole network and the operating characteristics of a DC system need to be simulated in detail for a large-scale AC/DC power system. Through transient hybrid simulation, virtues of electromechanical-electromagnetic can be achieved simultaneously. Based on mechanism analysis of electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, three operation modes of Shandong Power Grid in 2010 are analyzed. Various HVDC faults and the AC faults near the point of fall for HVDC are simulated by the electromechanical transient simulation and the electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation based on ADPSS. Simulation results from two different simulation methods are compared. The superiority of hybrid simulation is demonstrated convincingly through the simulation of commutation failure.
Relationship Banking and Debt Choice: Evidence from Japan

The purpose of this paper is to test hypotheses regarding the mix of bank borrowing and bonds that occur under relationship banking, thereby constructing a detailed data set on the debt structure of large Japanese firms from the late 1980s to the 1990s. We show that debt choice is affected by main bank relationships, in the sense that successful firms with strong bank ties are much more likely to issue public bonds than resort to bank borrowing.
Web Assimilation and Corporate Culture: Assessing the Chatterjee, Grewal, and Sambamurthy Model

This study demonstrates the usefulness of the Web assimilation model to understand the factors that might contribute to enhancing organizational performance with e-business technologies. In this paper, the Chatterjee et al. model of Web Assimilation is used to provide the foundation for investigation of the relationships of interest that would enhance the effectiveness of Web-based technologies in organizations. The impact of three variables (top management championship, extent of coordination, and strategic investment rationale) are discussed in relation to Web assimilation. Organizational culture is introduced as a way of measuring shared enterprise-wide beliefs and assumptions as they relate to the variables in the original model. The extended model of Web Assimilation investigates the way organizational culture interacts with Web assimilation and provides another reference point for future researchers and practicing managers.
Is There Discrimination Among Brazilian Lawyers? A Random-Effects Approach

The paper investigates the existence of discrimination amongst lawyers in the private sector of the Brazilian labor market. Using the random-effects approach to estimate earnings equations, combined with the Oaxaca-Ransom (1994, 1999) decomposition methodology, we test the hypothesis that wage differentials amongst lawyers are mostly due to gender discrimination. The econometric evidence shows that with the addition of the specific effects of time in the model, the unexplained share of the Oaxaca-Ransom (1994, 1999) decomposition (attributed to discrimination) is reduced over time comparatively to the share attributed to individual characteristics (endowments). In this context, our results indicate that there is gender discrimination amongst lawyers in Brazil.
New Business Survival in Georgia: Exploring the Determinants of Survival Using Regional Level Data

New business formation is an important stimulant to economic activity. However, some 20 percent of new firms die within their first year of operation. Policy makers designing programs to engineer regional economic development need to know what specific factors affect new firm survival. This paper conducts an analysis of the determinants of survival for new enterprises in the state of Georgia. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of local factors. Duration analysis is applied to four cohorts of new enterprises starting during the period 2001 to 2004. The results show that firms located in urban areas are at a higher risk of failure. However, firms situated in counties that have achieved a high level of economic development stand a better chance of surviving. Other factors such as firm size, ownership structure, industry entry rates, and business cycle fluctuations are also influential.
Bromelain modulates T cell and B cell immune responses in vitro and in vivo.

The ability to modulate immune responses is a major aim of many vaccine and immunotherapeutic development programs. Bromelain, a mixture of cysteine proteases, modulates immunological responses and has been proposed to be of clinical use. However, the identity of the immune cells affected by bromelain and the specific cellular functions that are altered remain poorly understood. To address these shortcomings in our knowledge, we have used both in vitro and in vivo immunological assays to study the effects of bromelain. We found that bromelain enhanced T cell receptor (TCR) and anti-CD28-mediated T cell proliferation in splenocyte cultures by increasing the costimulatory activity of accessory cell populations. However, despite increased T cell proliferation, bromelain concomitantly decreased IL-2 production in splenocyte cultures. Additionally, bromelain did not affect TCR and CD28-induced proliferation of highly purified CD4+ T cells, but did inhibit IL-2 production by these cells. In vivo, bromelain enhanced T-cell-dependent, Ag-specific, B cell antibody responses. Again, bromelain induced a concomitant decrease in splenic IL-2 mRNA accumulation in immunized mice. Together, these data show that bromelain can simultaneously enhance and inhibit T cell responses in vitro and in vivo via a stimulatory action on accessory cells and a direct inhibitory action on T cells. This work provides important insights into the immunomodulatory activity of bromelain and has important implications for the use of exogenous cysteine proteases as vaccine adjuvants or immunomodulatory agents.
Cognitive Profile of the Earliest Stage of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease

Recently, a strong interest has emerged in recognizing Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) at a very early stage. However, the specific profile of the earliest stages of PDD is still unclear and a matter of considerable controversy. The objective of this study was to find out early neuropsychological markers for progression of dementia in this population. Fifty-eight patients with PDD were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination: very mild and mild. The comparison with 26 normal controls shows that very mild PDD had deficits on attention/executive functions, naming, visuospatial/constructional abilities and retrieval of the episodic memory. Patients with mild PDD showed additional deficits on coding of episodic memory. Moreover, we found that in this early stage of PDD, the progression of dementia is mainly related to deterioration of attention/executive functions as well as retrieval and coding of episodic memory.
The Lack of Wage Setting Power of Estonian Trade Unions?

Abstract The current article presents the concept of labour market flexibility and its role in transition economies. The role of unions in labour market flexibility is described in order to assess the role of unions in Estonia. We assume that the wage differential reflects the power of trade unions to shape the working conditions in the workplace. Therefore the most common approach is followed for estimating the wage differential i.e. analysing personal, occupation and industry characteristics. It appears that Estonian trade unions do not have enough bargaining power to result in a positive wage gap for union members. This result was expected because trade union density and coverage rates are very low in Estonia.
A simple model of three economies with two currencies: the eurozone and the USA

This paper presents a Keynesian model which describes three countries trading merchandise and financial assets with one another. It is initially assumed that all three countries have independent fiscal policies but that two of the countries share a currency, hence the model can be used to make a preliminary analysis of the conduct of economic policy in ‘the eurozone’ vis-a`-vis the rest of the world—‘the USA’. The main conclusion will be that, if all three countries do indeed operate independent fiscal policies, the system will work under a floating currency regime, but only so long as the European central bank is prepared to modify the structure of its assets by accumulating an ever rising proportion of bills issued by any ‘weak’ euro country.
Litigation and Settlement: An Empirical Approach

Litigants in civil lawsuits involving monetary damages often find an out-of-court settlement preferable to a trial. Most theoretical models of settlement choice employ an expected-utility-maximizing framework that emphasizes the importance of risk preferences, litigation costs, and the distribution of trial awards. An empirical model of settlement choice is used to examine whether the variables prominent in the theoretical literature are statistically useful in explaining the occurrence and monetary value of settlements. Estimates from a sample of civil filings provide new empirical evidence of how the legal system affects the behavior of litigants during the settlement process. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.
The costs of uncoordinated infrastructure management in multi-reservoir river basins

Though there are surprisingly few estimates of the economic benefits of coordinated infrastructure development and operations in international river basins, there is a widespread belief that improved cooperation is beneficial for managing water scarcity and variability. Hydro-economic optimization models are commonly-used for identifying efficient allocation of water across time and space, but such models typically assume full coordination. In the real world, investment and operational decisions for specific projects are often made without full consideration of potential downstream impacts. This paper describes a tractable methodology for evaluating the economic benefits of infrastructure coordination. We demonstrate its application over a range of water availability scenarios in a catchment of the Mekong located in Lao PDR, the Nam Ngum River Basin. Results from this basin suggest that coordination improves system net benefits from irrigation and hydropower by approximately 3–12% (or US$12-53 million/yr) assuming moderate levels of flood control, and that the magnitude of coordination benefits generally increases with the level of water availability and with inflow variability. Similar analyses would be useful for developing a systematic understanding of the factors that increase the costs of non-cooperation in river basin systems worldwide, and would likely help to improve targeting of efforts to stimulate complicated negotiations over water resources.
C 1 Esterase Inhibitor Gene Expression in Rat Kupffer Cells , Peritoneal Macrophages and Blood Monocytes : Modulation by Interferon 3 /

Kupffer cells (KC) represent the main part of the tissue macrophages. Beside phagocytosis of particulate material, involvement of KC in immunological and inflammatory reactions has been supposed. As C1 esterase inhibitor (CI-INH) is a serine protease inhibitor involved in such processes, the aim of this work was to study CI-INH synthesis in KC and, by comparison, in peritoneal macrophages (PM) and blood monocytes (MC) of the rat. CI-INH synthesis was studied on the protein level by biosynthetic labding, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and on the RNA level by Northern blotting of total RNA or by in situ hybridization. KC were found to express CI-INH gene spontaneously. C1INH synthesis represents 1.3 + 0.2% of total protein synthesis at day 1 of culture and the absolute amount each cell synthesis remains constant during the whole time in culture. Transcripts of CI-INH were detected both in freshly isolated and in cultured KC. In contrast, spontaneous CI-INH gene expression was not detectable in freshly isolated PM, but only in cultured PM. In MC, CI-INH was not detectable at any time, whatever. Treatment of the cells with interferon ",/increased CI-INH synthesis in KC and in PM and caused an induction of CI-INH synthesis in MC. The results suggest that constitutive CI-INH synthesis is a functional marker for mature tissue macrophages.