Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underweight, Stunting and Wasting among Children in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania; a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with underweight, stunting and wasting among children aged 0–24 months in six districts of Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. A cross-sectional population-based study using a multistage, proportionate to size sampling was conducted from June 2010 to March 2011. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, economic, feeding and child information. Anthropometric data were collected by trained field workers, and the data were used to assess child nutritional status. A total of 1870 children were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of children classified as underweight was 46.0%, stunting was 41.9%, and wasting was 24.7%. About 33% were both underweight and stunted, and 12% had all three conditions. In a multivariate logistic regression, child age, child being ill and birth weight were associated with all anthropometric indices. Child being breastfed was associated with being underweight and wasting. Mother’s education was associated with being underweight and stunting. Fathers aged 35+ years, and living in the Hai district was associated with stunting, and being female was associated with wasting. The prevalence of child undernutrition is high in this region. Strategies that target each risk factor for child undernutrition may help to reduce the problem in the region.
JET-POWERED MOLECULAR HYDROGEN EMISSION FROM RADIO GALAXIES

H2 pure-rotational emission lines are detected from warm (100–1500 K) molecular gas in 17/55 (31% of) radio galaxies at redshift z < 0.22 observed with the Spitzer IR Spectrograph. The summed H2 0–0 S(0)–S(3) line luminosities are L(H2) = 7 × 1038–2 × 1042 erg s−1, yielding warm H2 masses up to 2 × 1010 M☉. These radio galaxies, of both FR radio morphological types, help to firmly establish the new class of radio-selected molecular hydrogen emission galaxies (radio MOHEGs). MOHEGs have extremely large H2 to 7.7 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission ratios: L(H2)/L(PAH7.7) = 0.04–4, up to a factor 300 greater than the median value for normal star-forming galaxies. In spite of large H2 masses, MOHEGs appear to be inefficient at forming stars, perhaps because the molecular gas is kinematically unsettled and turbulent. Low-luminosity mid-IR continuum emission together with low-ionization emission line spectra indicates low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in all but three radio MOHEGs. The AGN X-ray emission measured with Chandra is not luminous enough to power the H2 emission from MOHEGs. Nearly all radio MOHEGs belong to clusters or close pairs, including four cool-core clusters (Perseus, Hydra, A2052, and A2199). We suggest that the H2 in radio MOHEGs is delivered in galaxy collisions or cooling flows, then heated by radio-jet feedback in the form of kinetic energy dissipation by shocks or cosmic rays.
Comparing on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: numerous studies but few conclusions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association council on cardiovascular surgery and anesthesia in collaboration with the interdisciplinary working group on quality of care and outcomes 

One of the most hotly debated and polarizing issues in cardiac surgery has been whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass or cardioplegia (off-pump CABG, or OPCAB) is superior to that performed with the heart-lung machine and the heart's being chemically arrested (standard CABG). Various clinical trials are reviewed comparing the 2 surgical strategies, including several large retrospective analyses, meta-analyses, and the randomized trials that address different aspects of standard CABG and OPCAB. Although definitive conclusions about the relative merits of standard CABG and OPCAB are difficult to reach from these varied randomized and nonrandomized studies, several generalizations may be possible. Patients may achieve an excellent outcome with either type of procedure, and individuals' outcomes likely depend more on factors other than whether they underwent standard CABG or OPCAB. Nevertheless, there appear to be trends in most studies. These trends include less blood loss and need for transfusion after OPCAB, less myocardial enzyme release after OPCAB up to 24 hours, less early neurocognitive dysfunction after OPCAB, and less renal insufficiency after OPCAB. Fewer grafts tend to be performed with OPCAB than with standard CABG. Length of hospital stay, mortality rate, and long-term neurological function and cardiac outcome appear to be similar in the 2 groups. To definitively answer the remaining questions of whether either strategy is superior and in which patients, a large-scale prospective randomized trial is required.
The effects of various lubricants on the friction properties of sewing threads

This paper describes an experimental investigation into the effects of different types and amounts of lubricants on the friction properties of sewing threads. In this work, four types of sewing threads, CO, PET-spun, core-spun (PET/PET) and core-spun (PET/CO) were used. Three different lubricant types and lubricant feeding rates (0.5, 1 and 2 g/min) were applied to the sewing threads. The results of the research show that the type and amount of lubricant have important effects on the friction of the sewing threads. The friction coefficient values of all sewing thread types with paraffin-based lubricant were the lowest among the lubricants. As the amount of paraffin wax in the lubricants increased, the fiber/metal friction forces slightly decreased. To obtain the lowest friction coefficient, a 0.5 g/min lubricant feeding rate and a 2.5–3% lubricant amount should be used for sewing threads.
Ieee Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Manuscript Id 1 Real-time City-scale Taxi Ridesharing

— We proposed and developed a taxi-sharing system that accepts taxi passengers' real-time ride requests sent from smartphones and schedules proper taxis to pick up them via ridesharing, subject to time, capacity, and monetary constraints. The monetary constraints provide incentives for both passengers and taxi drivers: passengers will not pay more compared with no ridesharing and get compensated if their travel time is lengthened due to ridesharing; taxi drivers will make money for all the detour distance due to ridesharing. While such a system is of significant social and environmental benefit, e.g., saving energy consumption and satisfying people's commute, real-time taxi-sharing has not been well studied yet. To this end, we devise a mobile-cloud architecture based taxi-sharing system. Taxi riders and taxi drivers use the taxi-sharing service provided by the system via a smart phone App. The Cloud first finds candidate taxis quickly for a taxi ride request using a taxi searching algorithm supported by a spatio-temporal index. A scheduling process is then performed in the Cloud to select a taxi that satisfies the request with minimum increase in travel distance. We built an experimental platform using the GPS trajectories generated by over 33,000 taxis over a period of 3 months. A ride request generator is developed (available at http://cs.uic.edu/~sma/ridesharing) in terms of the stochastic process modelling real ride requests learned from the dataset. Tested on this platform with extensive experiments, our proposed system demonstrated its efficiency, effectiveness and scalability. For example, when the ratio of the number of ride requests to the number of taxis is 6, our proposed system serves three times as many taxi riders as that when no ridesharing is performed while saving 11% in total travel distance and 7% taxi fare per rider.
S U B S T R A T E S OF H A G E M A N FACTOR I. Isolation and Characterization of Human Factor XI (PTA) and Inhibition of the Activated Enzyme by al-Antitrypsin

The contribution of a coagulation factor to the enzymatic cascade known as the intrinsic coagulation pathway is dependent upon its rate of act ivation and the rate of destruction of the act ivated enzyme. Considerable progress has recently been made in our understanding of the mechanism of act ivat ion and inhibition of coagulation Factor XI or par t ia l thromboplas t in antecedent (PTA). 1 Activation of the precursor form (Pre-PTA) is dependent upon contact act ivation of Hageman factor (1) as well as upon a feedback mechanism in which a second Hageman factor substrate, prekallikrein, is act ivated to kall ikrein (2) which in turn further activates Hageman factor (3). In the absence of this intrinsic control (Fletcher factor or prekallikrein deficiency) (4), the rate of act ivat ion of Hageman factor and, in turn, pre-PTA is diminished (5). Once activated, PTA is known to be inhibi ted by the inhibitor of the act ivated first component of complement (CT INH) (6) as well as by ant i thrombin III (7).
Comparative analysis of dietary guidelines in the Spanish-Speaking Caribbean

Abstract Objective Dietary guidelines are important education and policy tools to address local nutrition concerns. The current paper presents a comparative analysis of nutrition messages from three Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries (Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) to explore how these dietary guidelines address common public health nutrition concerns, contextualized in different changing food environments and food culture similarities. Design Qualitative, comparative analysis of current dietary guideline documents and key recommendations. Results Key recommendations were categorized into sixteen themes (two diet-based, ten food-based and four ‘other’). Only the Cuban dietary guidelines included diet-based key recommendations. Of the ten food-based key recommendations, only four themes overlapped across the three dietary guidelines (the encouragement of fruits and vegetables, addressing protein sources and fat). Other overlaps were found between dietary guideline pairs, except between Cuba and Puerto Rico. Further analysis revealed differences in levels of specificity and acknowledgement of local dietary patterns and issues, as well as the need to revise the guidelines to account for current scientific advances. Conclusions The present study underscored the importance of context in the framing of dietary advice and the influence of national socio-economic and political situations on nutrition policy and education efforts. The results contribute to inform efforts to improve nutrition communication in the region and among migrant communities.
Coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are associated with stroke in patients affected by persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a case-control study

Persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke, and its rate is expected to rise because of the ageing population. The absolute rate of stroke depends on age and comorbidity. Risk stratification for stroke in patients with NVAF derives from populations enrolled in randomized clinical trials. However, participants in clinical trials are often not representative of the general population. Many stroke risk stratification scores have been used, but they do not include transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), pulsate wave Doppler (PWD) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), simple and non- invasive diagnostic tools. The role of TTE, PWD and TDI findings has not been previously determined. Our study goal was to determine the association between TTE and PWD findings and stroke prevalence in a population of NVAF prone outpatients. Patients were divided into two groups: P for stroke prone and F for stroke free. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning cardiovascular risk factors, age (p=0.2), sex (p=0.2), smoking (p=0.3), diabetes (p=0.1) and hypercholesterolemia (p=0.2); hypertension was statistically significant (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences concerning coronary artery disease, previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (p<0.05) and non- AMI coronaropathy (p<0.04), a higher rate being in the P group. Concerning echo-Doppler findings, a higher statistically significant rate of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p<0.05) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (p<0.001) was found in the P group and dilated left atrium (p<0.04) in the F group, the difference was not significant for mitral regurgitation (p=0.7). Stroke prone NVAF patients have a higher rate of hypertension, coronary artery disease, with and without AMI, LVH and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, but not left atrial dilatation. M-B mode echocardiography and PWD examination help to identify high-risk stroke patients among NVAF subjects; therefore, they may help in the selection of appropriate therapy for each patient.
Effects of treadmill exercise on brain insulin signaling and β-amyloid in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced-memory impairment in rats

[Purpose] The purpose of the study is to explore effect of 6 weeks treadmill exercise on brain insulin signaling and β-amyloid(Aβ). [Methods] The rat model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) used in the present study was induced by the intracerebroventricular(ICV) streptozotocin(STZ). To produce the model of animal with AD, STZ(1.5mg/kg) was injected to a cerebral ventricle of both cerebrums of Sprague-Dawley rat(20 weeks). The experimental animals were divided into ICV-Sham(n=7), ICV-STZ CON(n=7), ICV-STZ EXE(n=7). Treadmill exercise was done for 30 min a day, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Passive avoidance task was carried out before and after treadmill exercise. [Results] The results of this study show that treadmill exercise activated Protein kinase B(AKT)/ Glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α), possibly via activation of insulin receptor(IR) and insulin receptor substrate(IRS) and reduced Aβ in the brain of ICV-STZ rats. More interestingly, treadmill exercise improved cognitive function of ICV-STZ rats. Finally, physical exercise or physical activity gave positive influences on brain insulin signaling pathway. [Conclusion] Therefore, treadmill exercise can be applied to improve AD as preventive and therapeutic method.
MOON: MapReduce On Opportunistic eNvironments

MapReduce offers an ease-of-use programming paradigm for processing large data sets, making it an attractive model for distributed volunteer computing systems. However, unlike on dedicated resources, where MapReduce has mostly been deployed, such volunteer computing systems have significantly higher rates of node unavailability. Furthermore, nodes are not fully controlled by the MapReduce framework. Consequently, we found the data and task replication scheme adopted by existing MapReduce implementations woefully inadequate for resources with high unavailability. To address this, we propose MOON, short for MapReduce On Opportunistic eNvironments. MOON extends Hadoop, an open-source implementation of MapReduce, with adaptive task and data scheduling algorithms in order to offer reliable MapReduce services on a hybrid resource architecture, where volunteer computing systems are supplemented by a small set of dedicated nodes. Our tests on an emulated volunteer computing system, which uses a 60-node cluster where each node possesses a similar hardware configuration to a typical computer in a student lab, demonstrate that MOON can deliver a three-fold performance improvement to Hadoop in volatile, volunteer computing environments.
Do accelerometers mounted on the back provide a good estimate of impact loads in jumping and landing tasks?

Abstract Artistic gymnasts are frequently exposed to both low- and high-magnitude loads through impacts with the apparatus. These impact loads are thought to be associated with the high injury rates observed in gymnastics. Due to the variable apparatus and surfaces in gymnastics, impact loads during training are difficult to quantify. This study aimed to use triaxial accelerometers mounted on the back to assess impact loading during jumping and landing tasks. Twelve participants were fitted with an accelerometer on their upper and lower back, before performing a continuous hopping task, as well as drop landings and rebound jumps from various heights (37.5, 57.5, and 77.5 cm) onto a force platform. Peak resultant acceleration (PRA) was low-pass filtered with four cut-off frequencies (8, 15, 20, and 50 Hz). Filtering of PRA with the 20 Hz cut-off frequency showed the highest correlations between ground reaction force (GRF) and PRA. PRA recorded at the upper back, filtered with a 20 Hz cut-off frequency, appears to provide a good estimate of impact loading for continuous hopping and rebound jumps, but less so for drop landings since correlations between GRF and PRA were only significant when landing from 57.5 cm.
MEASURING EVERYDAY RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTH SURVEYS

Abstract While it is clear that self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination is related to illness, there are challenges in measuring self-reported discrimination or unfair treatment. In the present study, we evaluate the psychometric properties of a self-reported instrument across racial/ethnic groups in a population-based sample, and we test and interpret findings from applying two different widely-used approaches to asking about discrimination and unfair treatment. Even though we found that the subset of items we tested tap into a single underlying concept, we also found that different groups are more likely to report on different aspects of discrimination. Whether race is mentioned in the survey question affects both frequency and mean scores of reports of racial/ethnic discrimination. Our findings suggest caution to researchers when comparing studies that have used different approaches to measure racial/ethnic discrimination and allow us to suggest practical empirical guidelines for measuring and analyzing racial/ethnic discrimination. No less important, we have developed a self-reported measure of recent racial/ethnic discrimination that functions well in a range of different racial/ethnic groups and makes it possible to compare how racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with health disparities among multiple racial/ethnic groups.
Raman study of the Verwey transition in magnetite thin films

We have grown epitaxial thin films of magnetite on MgO and Al2O3 substrates with sharp and distinct signatures of the Verwey transition in resistivity and magnetization. We have used Raman scattering to separate the footprint of purely structural changes from the effect of additional charge and orbital order. Raman modes related to the structural phase transition occur first at temperatures above the Verwey transition temperature. In contrast, newly emerging modes indicating additional charge and orbital order appear at the Verwey transition. These results suggest that the completion of the structural phase transition in magnetite is a necessary precursor triggering a transition into a complex charge and orbitally ordered state.
IL-15 plays a major role in the persistence of Tax-specific CD8 cells in HAM/TSP patients

IL-15 is a critical cytokine for the maintenance of memory-phenotype CD8 cells in mice. Here, we investigated the role of IL-15 in the neurological disease termed human T cell lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The high number of viral-specific CD8 cells in these patients is associated with inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. Because IL-15 is overexpressed in these patients, we asked whether IL-15 contributes to the persistence of human T cell lymphotropic virus I viral-specific CD8 cells. Using ex vivo cultures of HAM/TSP peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that in the majority of patients examined here blocking IL-15 action resulted in a decrease in the number of viral-specific CD8 cells. This decrease was caused by both inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in these cells. The data indicate that IL-15 plays a major role in the maintenance of viral-specific CD8 cells in HAM/TSP.
Inflammatory response in ventilated left and collapsed right lungs, serum and pleural fluid, in transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer.

INTRODUCTION Open, right-sided, transthoracic esophagectomy with one-lung ventilation (OLV) triggers a massive inflammatory reaction. The influence of the OLV on the inflammatory cascade is unclear. Data on the inflammatory response in the ventilated left and collapsed right lung, respectively, are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze this reaction in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from both lungs, the right pleural space and the peripheral blood, and to study its time course. METHODS Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1RA in the BAL fluids from the right and left lungs, respectively, in the peripheral blood and in the right pleural space in patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer, were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 29 patients. RESULTS Assay of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bilateral BAL fluids showed significantly higher concentrations in the ventilated left lung at the time of extubation. The anti-inflammatory response was only seen with respect to IL-1RA, but not IL-10, and was mostly restricted to the ventilated left lung. In the blood, only IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1RA increased, whereas IL-8 showed little change. The response was already observed at the end of surgery, indicating a rapid reaction to the surgical and anesthetic trauma. In the pleural fluid, all cytokine concentrations increased, and the highest values were detected on day one post-surgery, and decreased thereafter. Pulmonary complications or anastomotic leakage were not related to the cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSION Both the ventilated left and the collapsed right lung showed an inflammatory response. The response was more pronounced on the ventilated left side and the time courses were significantly different. In the blood, the pro-inflammatory IL-6 and both anti-inflammatory cytokines increased early on. All cytokines increased in the pleural cavity. The findings underline the complexity of the inflammatory reaction associated with OLV in transthoracic esophagectomy.
Is There an “Abortion Trauma Syndrome”? Critiquing the Evidence

&NA; The objective of this review is to identify and illustrate methodological issues in studies used to support claims that induced abortion results in an “abortion trauma syndrome” or a psychiatric disorder. After identifying key methodological issues to consider when evaluating such research, we illustrate these issues by critically examining recent empirical studies that are widely cited in legislative and judicial testimony in support of the existence of adverse psychiatric sequelae of induced abortion. Recent studies that have been used to assert a causal connection between abortion and subsequent mental disorders are marked by methodological problems that include, but not limited to: poor sample and comparison group selection; inadequate conceptualization and control of relevant variables; poor quality and lack of clinical significance of outcome measures; inappropriateness of statistical analyses; and errors of interpretation, including misattribution of causal effects. By way of contrast, we review some recent major studies that avoid these methodological errors. The most consistent predictor of mental disorders after abortion remains preexisting disorders, which, in turn, are strongly associated with exposure to sexual abuse and intimate violence. Educating researchers, clinicians, and policymakers how to appropriately assess the methodological quality of research about abortion outcomes is crucial. Further, methodologically sound research is needed to evaluate not only psychological outcomes of abortion, but also the impact of existing legislation and the effects of social attitudes and behaviors on women who have abortions.