Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of preinitiation complex assembly on human Pol II promoters

Transcription initiation requires the assembly of a preinitiation complex (PIC), which is nucleated through binding of the TATA‐box binding protein (TBP) to the promoter. Biochemical studies have shown, however, that TBP recognizes the TATA‐box in both orientations and, therefore, cannot account for the directionality of PIC assembly. Transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) is essential for transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoters. Recent functional studies have identified a specific 7 bp TFIIB recognition element (BRE) immediately upstream of the TATA‐box. We present here the 2.65 Å resolution crystal structure of a human TFIIBc–TBPc complex bound to an idealized and extended adenovirus major late promoter. This structure now reveals that human TFIIBc binds to the promoter asymmetrically through base‐specific contacts in the major groove upstream and in the minor groove downstream of the TATA‐box. Binding of TFIIBc is, therefore, synergistic with TBPc requiring the distortion of the TATA‐box. Thus, the newly described TFIIBc–DNA interface is likely to be a key determinant for the unidirectional assembly of a functional PIC.
The Fetal Heart in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is a severe complication occurring in 10% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. The disease is usually explained as due to an intrauterine imbalance in intertwin blood exchange, which leads to a volume depleted-donor twin and an overfilled recipient twin. The recipient has signs of cardiac dysfunction, which can be measured using echocardiography or blood and amniotic fluid derived biomarkers. Whereas cardiac dysfunction typically progresses in pregnancies treated with amniodrainage, it usually disappears within a few weeks after fetoscopic laser coagulation of the connecting intertwin anastomoses. Nevertheless, recipients remain at a increased risk of pulmonary stenosis. In this paper, we summarize the cardiac alterations in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, describe the changes seen after fetal therapy, list the newly proposed staging systems based on fetal cardiac function, and make recommendations about the use of fetal echocardiography in the evaluation and followup of pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and REM Sleep

Neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) in rats show c-fos activation after sleep and provide GABAergic innervation of the major monoamine arousal systems, suggesting that they may be a necessary part of the brain circuitry that produces sleep. We examined the effects on sleep behavior in rats of cell-specific damage to the VLPO by microinjection of ibotenic acid. Severe lesions of the central cell cluster of the VLPO (∼80–90% cell loss bilaterally) caused a 60–70% decrease in delta power and a 50–60% decrease in nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep time (p< 0.001). The number of remaining Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the VLPO cell cluster was linearly related to NREM sleep time (r = 0.77; p < 0.001) and total electroencephalogram delta power (r = 0.79;p < 0.001) but not to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (r = 0.35; p > 0.10). Lesions in the region containing scattered VLPO neurons medial or dorsal to the cell cluster caused smaller changes in NREM sleep time (24.5 or 15%, respectively) but were more closely associated with loss of REM sleep (r = 0.74; p < 0.01). The insomnia caused by bilateral VLPO lesions persisted for at least 3 weeks. Lesions of the VLPO caused no change in mean body temperature or its circadian variation; after small lesions of the ventromedial preoptic nucleus, body temperature showed normal circadian variation but a wider temperature range, and sleep behavior was not affected. These experiments delineate distinct preoptic sites with primary effects on the regulation of NREM sleep, REM sleep, and body temperature.
Avaliação em larga escala da educação básica e inclusão escolar: questões polarizadoras

Com base na sistematização de aportes trazidos por pesquisas que tratam da avaliação em larga escala e externa, tal como tendencialmente conduzidas no Brasil, o artigo descreve características predominantes nas propostas implementadas e explora suas funcionalidades na concretização de padrões de administração pública. Em particular, trata de implicações de se associar incentivos aos resultados das avaliações, na expectativa de que a avaliação gere competição e a competição gere qualidade. São problematizados efeitos dessas iniciativas para a inclusão escolar, tema que, em última instância, nos remete à discussão da concretização do direito de todos a uma educação de qualidade. Na análise do potencial de exclusão escolar decorrente de usos dos resultados das avaliações, são feitas referências específicas a alunos com deficiência matriculados em classes comuns da educação básica. As informações analisadas evidenciam que esses estudantes, na maioria dos casos, são alijados da participação nas provas, por meio de diferentes mecanismos. Conclui-se que o compromisso anunciado pelas diferentes esferas governamentais de que as avaliações se constituem como mecanismo promotor da qualidade educacional tende a não acolher esse alunado que faz uso dos serviços de educação especial. Ademais, para esse acolhimento, tais avaliações necessitam, em alguma medida, adaptações, podendo, de algum modo, impactar o processo de inclusão escolar.
Detection of circulating breast tumor cells by differential expression of marker genes.

PURPOSE We undertook a systematic approach to identify breast cancer (BC) marker genes with molecular assays and evaluated these marker genes for the detection of minimal residual disease in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used serial analysis of gene expression to identify a range of genes that were expressed in BC but absent in the expression profiles of blood and bone marrow cells. Next, we evaluated a panel of four marker genes (p1B, PS2, CK19, and EGP2) by real-time quantitative PCR in 103 PBMC samples from patients with metastatic BC (stage III/IV) and in 96 PBMC samples from healthy females. RESULTS Increased marker gene expression of at least one marker was seen in 33 of 103 patients. Using quadratic discriminant analysis including all four marker genes, we determined a discriminant value with 29% positivity in the BC patient group that did not yield false positive results among the healthy females. CONCLUSIONS Real-time PCR for the simultaneous expression of multiple cancer-specific genes may ensure the specificity required for the clinical application of mRNA expression-based assays for occult tumor cells.
THE DYNAMICAL MASS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ORBIT OF HR7672B: A BENCHMARK BROWN DWARF WITH HIGH ECCENTRICITY

The companion to the G0V star HR7672 directly imaged by Liu et al. has moved measurably along its orbit since the discovery epoch, making it possible to determine its dynamical properties. Originally targeted with adaptive optics because it showed a long-term radial velocity (RV) acceleration (trend), we have monitored this star with precise Doppler measurements and have now established a 24 year time baseline. The RV variations show significant curvature (change in the acceleration) including an inflection point. We have also obtained a recent image of HR7672B with NIRC2 at Keck. The astrometry also shows curvature. In this paper, we use jointly fitted Doppler and astrometric models to calculate the three-dimensional orbit and dynamical mass of the companion. The mass of the host star is determined using a direct radius measurement from CHARA interferometry in combination with high-resolution spectroscopic modeling. We find that HR7672B has a highly eccentric, e = 0.50+0.01−0.01, near edge-on, i = 97.3+0.4−0.5 deg, orbit with semimajor axis, a = 18.3+0.4−0.5 AU. The mass of the companion is m = 68.7+2.4−3.1 MJ. HR7672B thus resides near the substellar boundary, just below the hydrogen-fusing limit. These measurements of the companion mass are independent of its brightness and spectrum and establish HR7672B as a rare and precious “benchmark” brown dwarf with a well-determined mass, age, and metallicity essential for testing theoretical evolutionary models and synthetic spectral models. Indeed, we find that such models under-predict its luminosity by a factor of ≈2. HR 7672B is presently the only L, T, or Y dwarf known to produce an RV trend around a solar-type star.
Undermining quality teaching and learning

Using tests to compare nations, states, school districts, schools, teachers, and students has increasingly become a basis for educational reform around the globe. Although tests can be informative, high-stakes testing (HST) is an approach to reform that applies rewards and sanctions contingent on test outcomes. Results of HST reforms indicate a plethora of unintended negative consequences, leading some to suggest that HST corrupts educational practices in schools. Although there are many accounts of these negative results, SDT supplies the only systematic theory of motivation that explains these effects. In what follows we describe the motivational principles underlying the undermining effects of HST on teachers and learners alike.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficiency of New Polymers Comprised by Covalently Attached and/or Electrostatically Bound Bacteriostatic Species, Based on Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

In the present work a detailed study of new bacteriostatic copolymers with quaternized ammonium groups introduced in the polymer chain through covalent attachment or electrostatic interaction, was performed. Different copolymers have been considered since beside the active species, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature of the co-monomer was also evaluated in the case of covalently attached bacteriostatic groups, aiming at achieving permanent antibacterial activity. Homopolymers with quaternized ammonium/phosphonium groups were also tested for comparison reasons. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized polymers after 3 and 24 h of exposure at 4 and 22 °C was investigated on cultures of Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus, E. faecalis) bacteria. It was found that the combination of the hydrophilic monomer acrylic acid (AA), at low contents, with the covalently attached bacteriostatic group vinyl benzyl dimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (VBCHAM) in the copolymer P(AA-co-VBCHAM88), resulted in a high bacteriostatic activity against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis (6 log reduction in certain cases). Moreover, the combination of covalently attached VBCHAM units with electrostatically bound cetyltrimethylammonium 4-styrene sulfonate (SSAmC16) units in the P(SSAmC16-co-VBCHAMx) copolymers led to efficient antimicrobial materials, especially against Gram-positive bacteria, where a log reduction between 4.9 and 6.2 was verified. These materials remain remarkably efficient even when they are incorporated in polysulfone membranes.
Collective identification and social movement participation.

Determinants of collective behavior, as suggested by the social identity or self-categorization approach and social movement research, were examined in 2 field studies. Study 1 was conducted in the context of the older people's movement in Germany and Study 2 in the context of the gay movement in the United States. Both studies yielded similar results pointing to 2 independent pathways to willingness to participate in collective action; one is based on cost-benefit calculations (including normative considerations), and the other is based on collective identification as an activist. Study 2 included an experimental manipulation and provided evidence for the causal role of collective identification as an activist. Directions for future research on the proposed dual-pathway model are suggested. Members of disadvantaged groups who do not want to passively accept their lot have to find ways to improve their situation. To do so, they can adopt a variety of strategies that can range from individual strategies of social mobility to collective strategies of social change. The former rest on the belief that one's own position can be improved by moving from one social position to another as an individual (Tajfel, 1981). These individual strategies thus involve leaving a disadvantaged group physically or at least psychologically. Collective strategies, on the other hand, are adopted to the extent that a person believes that "the only way for him to change these [disadvantageous] conditions . is together with his group as a whole" (Tajfel, 1981, p. 247). Collective strategies include not only militant forms of intergroup behavior or collective action such as revolts and strikes but also more moderate forms such as signing a petition or attending a group meeting. Although individual social mobility strategies are often pre
Multi-Class Ground Truth Inference in Crowdsourcing with Clustering

Due to low quality of crowdsourced labelers, the integrated label of each example is usually inferred from its multiple noisy labels provided by different labelers. This paper proposes a novel algorithm, Ground Truth Inference using Clustering (GTIC), to improve the quality of integrated labels for multi-class labeling. For a K labeling case, GTIC utilizes the multiple noisy label sets of examples to generate features. Then, it uses a K-Means algorithm to cluster all examples into K different groups, each of which is mapped to a specific class. Examples in the same cluster are assigned a corresponding class label. We compare GTIC with four existing multi-class ground truth inference algorithms, majority voting (MV), Dawid & Skene's (DS), ZenCrowd (ZC) and Spectral DS (SDS), on one synthetic and eight real-world datasets. Experimental results show that the performance of GTIC is significantly superior to the others in terms of both accuracy and M-AUC. Besides, the running time of GTIC is about twenty times faster than EM-based complicated inference algorithms.
The human hippocampus contributes to both the recollection and familiarity components of recognition memory

Significance Recognition memory is thought to be composed of recollection, accompanied by vivid details, and familiarity or a general sense of knowing. A fundamental and long-standing question remains: Which of these processes does the hippocampus support? We measured high-frequency activity (HFA), a spatiotemporally precise signal of neural activation, in subjects undergoing direct brain recordings and found that hippocampal HFA dissociated based on both the stimulus evidence presented and the response choice. Hippocampal HFA predicted overall memory performance as well as individual differences in both recollection and familiarity estimates. Our findings reject the hypothesis that the hippocampus exclusively supports the recollection component of recognition memory and, instead, indicate that this structure is functionally relevant to both processes thought to support recognition. Despite a substantial body of work comprising theoretical modeling, the effects of medial temporal lobe lesions, and electrophysiological signal analysis, the role of the hippocampus in recognition memory remains controversial. In particular, it is not known whether the hippocampus exclusively supports recollection or both recollection and familiarity—the two latent cognitive processes theorized to underlie recognition memory. We studied recognition memory in a large group of patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) monitoring for epilepsy. By measuring high-frequency activity (HFA)—a signal associated with precise spatiotemporal properties—we show that hippocampal activity during recognition predicted recognition memory performance and tracked both recollection and familiarity. Through the lens of dual-process models, these results indicate that the hippocampus supports both the recollection and familiarity processes.
The use of Facebook in tertiary education: Case study of a unit-related Facebook page in a university justice class

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of a university unit Facebook page, which was established to support a first-year university justice unit. The study pays particular regard to the Facebook page's impact on students learning outcomes and communications amongst students and between students and teaching staff. Design/methodology/approach – All students enrolled in the unit were asked to complete an online survey, which sought to determine whether they used the unit Facebook page and if so, the nature and extent of their use. Findings – The study found that the unit Facebook page was useful in achieving most learning objectives for the unit. This included enhancing students' knowledge and understanding of unit content, as well as their ability to critically analyse unit materials. Students also indicated that they found the Facebook page better than the university's central learning management system across a range of areas. It was particularly useful for facilitating unit-related discuss.
Longitudinal Growth Following Treatment for Osteosarcoma

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyse the height at diagnosis and growth in 72 skeletally immature children who had been treated for osteosarcoma in the area of the knee. Subjects. Of the patients, the average age at diagnosis was 10 years in girls and 12 years in boys. All children received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and had limb salvage by endoprosthetic replacement. Results and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that there is no evidence that children with osteosarcoma are taller at diagnosis than their normal counterparts. However, there was a marked retardation in growth in the year following the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. There were 19 children who reached skeletal maturity. The final height in these children was not significantly different from the normal population.
Activated Actin-Depolymerizing Factor/Cofilin Sequesters Phosphorylated Microtubule-Associated Protein during the Assembly of Alzheimer-Like Neuritic Cytoskeletal Striations

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), rod-like cofilin aggregates (cofilin–actin rods) and thread-like inclusions containing phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein (pMAP) tau form in the brain (neuropil threads), and the extent of their presence correlates with cognitive decline and disease progression. The assembly mechanism of these respective pathological lesions and the relationship between them is poorly understood, yet vital to understanding the causes of sporadic AD. We demonstrate that, during mitochondrial inhibition, activated actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin assemble into rods along processes of cultured primary neurons that recruit pMAP/tau and mimic neuropil threads. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed colocalization of cofilin-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and pMAP in rods, suggesting their close proximity within a cytoskeletal inclusion complex. The relationship between pMAP and cofilin–actin rods was further investigated using actin-modifying drugs and small interfering RNA knockdown of ADF/cofilin in primary neurons. The results suggest that activation of ADF/cofilin and generation of cofilin–actin rods is required for the subsequent recruitment of pMAP into the inclusions. Additionally, we were able to induce the formation of pMAP-positive ADF/cofilin rods by exposing cells to exogenous amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. These results reveal a common pathway for pMAP and cofilin accumulation in neuronal processes. The requirement of activated ADF/cofilin for the sequestration of pMAP suggests that neuropil thread structures in the AD brain may be initiated by elevated cofilin activation and F-actin bundling that can be caused by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or Aβ peptides, all suspected initiators of synaptic loss and neurodegeneration in AD.
Gaya dan Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Siswa SMK

Tujuan penelitian, menguji dampak gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematikasiswa SMK. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain ex post facto. Populasipenelitian 101 siswa dan sampel 81 siswa diambil secara proporsional randomsampling dengan undian. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data secara keseluruhan dengan analisis variansi dua jalan sel taksama dengan semua uji prasyarat terpenuhi. Hasil penelitian pada taraf signifikansi5%, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika ditinjau dari gaya belajar. Berartiterdapat dampak gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SMK. Siswadengan gaya belajar auditorial memperoleh hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi dari padasiswa dengan gaya belajar visual maupun kinestetik.
Comprehension of Metonymy in Iranian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Comprehension and application of figurative expressions such as metonymy happens naturally in normal children due to the natural development of cognitive processes imprinted at the interface of thoughts and language. However, it is claimed that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (FASD) lack the inability to comprehend figurative expressions due to lack of first-order theory of mind (ToM) reasoning. Present study investigated the comprehension of metonymy in Iranian children with autism disorder regarding the role of first-order theory of mind. For this purpose, five Iranian children at the age of 4 to 5 years old with first-order theory of mind Autism Spectrum Disorder (FASD)and five 4-5-year-old Iranian children without first-order theory of mind Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were selected as the participants of the study. Results of the study indicated children with autism disorder with first-order theory of mind had better comprehension of metonymy than those autistic children lacking first-order theory of mind.
Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test Used for the Diagnosis of Canine Leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean Basin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

With an expected sensitivity (Se) of 96% and specificity (Sp) of 98%, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is frequently used as a reference test to validate new diagnostic methods and estimate the canine leihmaniasis (CanL) true prevalence in the Mediterranean basin. To review the diagnostic accuracy of IFAT to diagnose CanL in this area with reference to its Se and Sp and elucidate the potential causes of their variations, a systematic review was conducted (31 studies for the 26-year period). Three IFAT validation methods stood out: the classical contingency table method, methods based on statistical models and those based on experimental studies. A variation in the IFAT Se and Sp values and cut-off values was observed. For the classical validation method based on a meta-analysis, the Se of IFAT was estimated in this area as 89.86% and 31.25% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. The Sp of IFAT was estimated in non-endemic and endemic areas as 98.12% and 96.57%, respectively. IFAT can be considered as a good standard test in non-endemic areas for CanL, but its accuracy declines in endemic areas due to the complexity of the disease. Indeed, the accuracy of IFAT is due to the negative results obtained in non-infected dogs from non-endemic areas and to the positive results obtained in sera of symptomatic dogs living in endemic areas. But IFAT results are not unequivocal when it comes to determining CanL infection on asymptomatic dogs living in endemic areas. Statistical methods might be a solution to overcome the lack of gold standard, to better categorize groups of animals investigated, to assess optimal cut-off values and to allow a better estimate of the true prevalence aiming information on preventive/control measures for CanL.