Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Eating Disorder with Body Dissatisfaction and Emotion Regulation in Female University Students in Iran

Background: The aim of the present study was to predict eating disorder on the basis of body dissatisfaction and emotional regulation. Methods: The participants were 200 female students (age range: 25 to 45 years) who were selected using convenience sampling ‎from among the students of Karaj University in Iran. The instruments used consisted of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The Pearson correlation and stepwise regression methods, with inter and stepwise methods, were used during data analysis. Results: The results of this study revealed that eating disorder has a strong relationship with body dissatisfaction and emotion regulation. In addition, both body dissatisfaction and emotional regulation predicted eating disorder, but body dissatisfaction, compared to emotion regulation, predicted more eating disorders in female students. Conclusion: This study suggests that eating disorder can be predicted with both emotion regulation and body dissatisfaction.
Statistical mechanics of unsupervised feature learning in a restricted Boltzmann machine with binary synapses

Revealing hidden features in unlabeled data is called unsupervised feature learning, which plays an important role in pretraining a deep neural network. Here we provide a statistical mechanics analysis of the unsupervised learning in a restricted Boltzmann machine with binary synapses. A message passing equation to infer the hidden feature is derived, and furthermore, variants of this equation are analyzed. A statistical analysis by replica theory describes the thermodynamic properties of the model. Our analysis confirms an entropy crisis preceding the non-convergence of the message passing equation, suggesting a discontinuous phase transition as a key characteristic of the restricted Boltzmann machine. Continuous phase transition is also confirmed depending on the embedded feature strength in the data. The mean-field result under the replica symmetric assumption agrees with that obtained by running message passing algorithms on single instances of finite sizes. Interestingly, in an approximate Hopfield model, the entropy crisis is absent, and a continuous phase transition is observed instead. We also develop an iterative equation to infer the hyper-parameter (temperature) hidden in the data, which in physics corresponds to iteratively imposing Nishimori condition. Our study provides insights towards understanding the thermodynamic properties of the restricted Boltzmann machine learning, and moreover important theoretical basis to build simplified deep networks.
Clinical leadership through commissioning: Does it work in practice?

In tune with much international practice, the English National Health Service has been striving to transform health care provision to make it more affordable in the face of rising demand. At the heart of a set of recent radical reforms has been the launch of ‘clinical commissioning’ using the vehicle of local groups of General Practitioners (GPs). This devolves a large portion of the total healthcare budget to these groups. National government policy statements make clear that the expectation is that the groups will ‘transform’ the organisation and provision of health services. In this article, we draw upon interviews, observations and analysis of internal documents to make an assessment of the extent to which clinical leaders have seized the opportunity presented by the creation of these groups to attempt transformative service redesign.
Interpersonal conflicts in executive training: Types, antecedents and consequences

Executive training is an important part of leadership development, but little is known about interpersonal conflicts that can occur in leadership training. We conducted a qualitative (N = 85) and quantitative (N = 214) study to explore this new research field. With the help of these studies, we aim to identify typical interpersonal conflict types during executive training as well as their antecedents and consequences. The results of Study 1 show that the classic trichotomy of interpersonal conflicts should be extended for executive training. Besides task and process conflicts, two types of relationship conflicts occur in executive training: personal conflicts and status conflicts. Study 2 identified perceived subgroups as an antecedent and learning success as a consequence of interpersonal conflicts in executive training. While training-related task conflicts had a positive effect on learning success, relationship conflicts had a negative effect.
Learned safety contingent on cognitive evaluation bridging the gap between extinction and cognitive reappraisal

Reduced ability to regulate emotions has been determined as a major factor in many psychological disorders. Traditionally, emotion regulation is investigated in paradigms using complex negative images, and cognitive reappraisal strategies to regulate emotion. However, it has been argued that the extinction of conditioned responses to simple stimuli shares many of the basic mechanisms involved in emotion regulation. Studies have shown that safety signals can effectively reduce conditioned responses. This project aimed to expand on this idea by adding a cognitive evaluative element to reduce a conditioned response. In this paradigm participants were conditioned to associate a simple stimulus with an aversive event. Subsequently, information was added to this stimulus that required cognitive evaluation to ascertain whether each trial was safe or maintained the risk of the aversive event. On a neural level we found increased responses in a circuit associated with threat appraisal during dangerous trials. During safe trials on the other hand, we found activation in areas associated with some of the cognitive mechanisms involved in emotion regulation. To investigate the potential of this paradigm for clinical research, we investigated the effect of trait anxiety on the physiological and neural correlates involved. We found that high anxious participants showed a pattern of responding that suggested increased sensitivity to threat as well as altered processing of safety information. Taken together these findings show that conditioned responses can be reduced through cognitive evaluation and results suggest that some of the mechanisms and brain regions involved overlap with those recruited during emotion regulation tasks. Furthermore, high anxious participants showed a pattern of responding that is consistent with the idea that safety signals are not processed effectively in this group. We conclude that adaptations of this paradigm will be useful to further investigate the basic mechanisms involved in emotion regulation.
Monobodies and other synthetic binding proteins for expanding protein science

Synthetic binding proteins are constructed using nonantibody molecular scaffolds. Over the last two decades, in‐depth structural and functional analyses of synthetic binding proteins have improved combinatorial library designs and selection strategies, which have resulted in potent platforms that consistently generate binding proteins to diverse targets with affinity and specificity that rival those of antibodies. Favorable attributes of synthetic binding proteins, such as small size, freedom from disulfide bond formation and ease of making fusion proteins, have enabled their unique applications in protein science, cell biology and beyond. Here, we review recent studies that illustrate how synthetic binding proteins are powerful probes that can directly link structure and function, often leading to new mechanistic insights. We propose that synthetic proteins will become powerful standard tools in diverse areas of protein science, biotechnology and medicine.
Different Signals Control Laminar Specificity of Commissural and Entorhinal Fibers to the Dentate Gyrus

The factors governing the characteristic laminated termination of hippocampal afferents are essentially unknown. Principally, diffusible factors of the target region, membrane-bound molecules on the ingrowing afferent fibers and on the postsynaptic target cells as well as molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM), may play a role. Using slice cocultures as a model, we show that hyaluronic acid, an ECM molecule, is essential for the segregated, layer-specific termination of entorhinal fibers but not of commissural afferents to the mouse dentate gyrus. Laminar specificity of the latter, in contrast, is determined by the position of the postsynaptic granule cells. Thus, malpositioning of the granule cells in slice cultures from reeler mutant mice altered the projection of commissural fibers from cocultured wild-type hippocampus. In contrast, commissural fibers from reeler mouse hippocampus formed a normal, sharply delineated projection to the inner molecular layer of cocultured wild-type dentate gyrus, precluding a cell-autonomous effect of the reeler mutation on commissural neurons. Interestingly enough, entorhinal fibers formed their normal, sharply delineated projection in cocultured reeler dentate gyrus despite the malpositioning of the target granule cells. Because hyaluronan-associated molecules are likely to control the segregated termination of entorhinal fibers, we compared immunolabeling for neurocan and chondroitin sulfate in sections from reeler and wild-type mice and found it similar in both genotypes. Together these results show that different mechanisms underlie the formation of commissural and entorhinal fiber layers during the development of the dentate gyrus.
Potential Threats Posed by Tetrodotoxins in UK Waters: Examination of Detection Methodology Used in Their Control

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin responsible for many human fatalities, most commonly following the consumption of pufferfish. Whilst the source of the toxin has not been conclusively proven, it is thought to be associated with various species of marine bacteria. Whilst the toxins are well studied in fish and gastropods, in recent years, there have been a number of reports of tetrodotoxin occurring in bivalve shellfish, including those harvested from the UK and other parts of Europe. This paper reviews evidence concerning the prevalence of tetrodotoxins in the UK together with methodologies currently available for testing. Biological, biomolecular and chemical methods are reviewed, including recommendations for further work. With the recent development of quantitative chromatographic methods for these and other hydrophilic toxins, as well as the commercial availability of rapid testing kits, there are a number of options available to ensure consumers are protected against this threat.
A Study of Moral Judgement of Nursing Students using DIT test

We evaluated the moral judgment of nursing student using DIT test. The mean p value of the students was 45.68(±13.65). And there was no p value difference between student group divided by demographical parameters such as gender, grade, age, family size, sibling and family income. The only parameter which showed difference was religion. Catholic students showed lower p value but this result could not be generalized because the group size of Catholic students were very small. The fact that grade showed no difference means that the curriculum of this school had no effect on students’ whole person education. In conclusion, nursing school need to improve the curriculum to develop students’personalities which is needed in future nurse’s ability.
Adversarial contention resolution for simple channels

This paper analyzes the worst-case performance of randomized backoff on simple multiple-access channels. Most previous analysis of backoff has assumed a statistical arrival model.For <i>batched arrivals</i>, in which all <i>n</i> packets arrive at time 0, we show the following tight high-probability bounds. Randomized binary exponential backoff has makespan Θ(<i>n</i>lg<i>n</i>), and more generally, for any constant <i>r</i>, <i>r</i>-exponential backoff has makespan Θ(<i>n</i>log<sup>lg<i>r</i></sup> <i>n</i>). Quadratic backoff has makespan Θ((<i>n</i>/lg <i>n</i>)<sup>3/2</sup>), and more generally, for <i>r</i>>1, <i>r</i>-polynomial backoff has makespan Θ((<i>n</i>/lg <i>n</i>)<sup>1+1/<i>r</i></sup>). Thus, for batched inputs, both exponential and polynomial backoff are highly sensitive to backoff constants. We exhibit a monotone superpolynomial subexponential backoff algorithm, called <i>loglog-iterated backoff</i>, that achieves makespan Θ(<i>n</i>lglg <i>n</i>/lglglg <i>n</i>). We provide a matching lower bound showing that this strategy is optimal among all monotone backoff algorithms. Of independent interest is that this lower bound was proved with a delay sequence argument.In the adversarial-queuing model, we present the following stability and instability results for exponential backoff and loglog-iterated backoff. Given a (λ,<i>T</i>)-stream, in which at most <i>n</i>=λ<i>T</i> packets arrive in any interval of size <i>T</i>, exponential backoff is stable for arrival rates of λ=<i>O</i>(1/lg<i>n</i>) and unstable for arrival rates of λ=Ω(lglg<i>n</i>/lg<i>n</i>); loglog-iterated backoff is stable for arrival rates of λ=<i>O</i>(1/(lglg<i>n</i>\lg<i>n</i>)) and unstable for arrival rates of λ=Ω(1/lg<i>n</i>). Our instability results show that bursty input is close to being worst-case for exponential backoff and variants and that even small bursts can create instabilities in the channel.
The GTPase Activating Rap/RanGAP Domain-Like 1 Gene Is Associated with Chicken Reproductive Traits

Background Abundant evidence indicates that chicken reproduction is strictly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, and the genes included in the HPG axis have been studied extensively. However, the question remains as to whether any other genes outside of the HPG system are involved in regulating chicken reproduction. The present study was aimed to identify, on a genome-wide level, novel genes associated with chicken reproductive traits. Methodology/Principal Finding Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH), genome-wide association study (GWAS), and gene-centric GWAS were used to identify novel genes underlying chicken reproduction. Single marker-trait association analysis with a large population and allelic frequency spectrum analysis were used to confirm the effects of candidate genes. Using two full-sib Ningdu Sanhuang (NDH) chickens, GARNL1 was identified as a candidate gene involved in chicken broodiness by SSH analysis. Its expression levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary were significantly higher in brooding chickens than in non-brooding chickens. GWAS analysis with a NDH two tail sample showed that 2802 SNPs were significantly associated with egg number at 300 d of age (EN300). Among the 2802 SNPs, 2 SNPs composed a block overlapping the GARNL1 gene. The gene-centric GWAS analysis with another two tail sample of NDH showed that GARNL1 was strongly associated with EN300 and age at first egg (AFE). Single marker-trait association analysis in 1301 female NDH chickens confirmed that variation in this gene was related to EN300 and AFE. The allelic frequency spectrum of the SNP rs15700989 among 5 different populations supported the above associations. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and qPCR were used to analyze alternative splicing of the GARNL1 gene. RT-PCR detected 5 transcripts and revealed that the transcript, which has a 141 bp insertion, was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate that the GARNL1 gene contributes to chicken reproductive traits.
Ordered Recruitment of Dynactin to the Microtubule Plus-End is Required for Efficient Initiation of Retrograde Axonal Transport

Long-range retrograde axonal transport in neurons is driven exclusively by the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein. The efficient initiation of dynein-mediated transport from the distal axon is critical for normal neuronal function, and neurodegenerative disease-associated mutations have been shown to specifically disrupt this process. Here, we examine the role of dynamic microtubules and microtubule plus-end binding proteins (+TIPs) in the initiation of dynein-mediated retrograde axonal transport using live-cell imaging of cargo motility in primary mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. We show that end-binding (EB)-positive dynamic microtubules are enriched in the distal axon. The +TIPs EB1, EB3, and cytoplasmic linker protein-170 (CLIP-170) interact with these dynamic microtubules, recruiting the dynein activator dynactin in an ordered pathway, leading to the initiation of retrograde transport by the motor dynein. Once transport has initiated, however, neither the EBs nor CLIP-170 are required to maintain transport flux along the mid-axon. In contrast, the +TIP Lis1 activates transport through a distinct mechanism and is required to maintain processive organelle transport along both the distal and mid-axon. Further, we show that the EB/CLIP-170/dynactin-dependent mechanism is required for the efficient initiation of transport from the distal axon for multiple distinct cargos, including mitochondria, Rab5-positive early endosomes, late endosomes/lysosomes, and TrkA-, TrkB-, and APP-positive organelles. Our observations indicate that there is an essential role for +TIPs in the regulation of retrograde transport initiation in the neuron.
Tourism Marketing : On Both Sides of the Counter

A cultural approach to image studies suggests that for places, multilayered images may exist and countries may be viewed differently from a political and economic point of view or from a tourist destination perspective. This study seeks to determine the effect of tourism promotional brochures on the country and destination image of Israel, as two different constructs. The research follows a quasi-experimental research design and analyzes the effect of printed brochures on the opinions regarding Israel. Additionally, the study compares this influence for samples from two different countries whose people are expected to have varied views regarding Israel. The focus of the paper is on the extent to which efforts geared at creating a positive destination image may also be effective in changing other aspects of the image of a country.
Evaluation of Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification, a New Shear Wave Velocity Imaging Method, for Breast Lesion Assessment by Ultrasound

Objectives. To evaluate virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) as a new elastography method concerning its intra- and interexaminer reliability and its ability to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions in comparison to and in combination with ultrasound (US) B-mode breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment. Materials and Methods. US and VTIQ were performed by two examiners in 103 women with 104 lesions. Intra- and interexaminer reliability of VTIQ was assessed. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of BIRADS, VTIQ, and combined data were compared. Results. Fifty-four of 104 lesions were malignant. Intraexaminer reliability was consistent, and interexaminer agreement showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93). The mean VTIQ values in malignant lesions were significantly higher than those in benign (7.73 m/s ± 1.02 versus 4.46 m/s ± 1.87; P < 0.0001). The combination of US-BIRADS with the optimal cut-off for clinical decision making of 5.18 m/s yielded a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 82%, PPV of 86%, and NPV of 98%. The combination of BIRADS and VTIQ led to improved test validity. Conclusion. VTIQ is highly reliable and reproducible. There is a significant difference regarding the mean maximum velocity of benign and malignant lesions. Adding VTIQ to BIRADS assessment improves the specificity.
The use of UTAUT2 model for understanding student perceptions using Google Classroom: A case study of Introduction to Information Technology course

Google Classroom is a free web-based platform which becomes an important and popular course management application in higher education. It saves time and paper and makes it easy to create classes, distribute assignments, communicate, and stay organized. Teachers can create assignments, send announcements, and start class discussions instantly, as students can share resources with each other and interact in the class stream or by email. It also benefits high level of satisfaction, as well as a greater level of learner enthusiasm. This study employed the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) model to explore factors that determine the deployment of Google Classroom in a course of Introduction to Information Technology at Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. The survey with 24 five-point Likert-scale questions was collected from students who enrolled in this course. The findings revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence determine students' behavioral intention. Moreover, facilitating conditions and behavioral intentions determine students' use of Google Classroom. Although students agreed that Google Classroom is a good and easy-to-use tool, most of its features have not been used to its full capability.
Shizukaol D Isolated from Chloranthus japonicas Inhibits AMPK-Dependent Lipid Content in Hepatic Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction

This study is the first to demonstrate that shizukaol D, a natural compound isolated from Chloranthus japonicus , can activate AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key sensor and regulator of intracellular energy metabolism, leading to a decrease in triglyceride and cholesterol levels in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we found that shizukaol D induces mitochondrial dysfunction by depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane and suppressing energy production, which may result in AMPK activation. Our results provide a possible link between mitochondrial dysfunction and AMPK activation and suggest that shizukaol D might be used to treat metabolic syndrome.
Modelling the Optimal Link Length in Wireless Sensor Networks for Two Different Media Access Protocols

Conservation of energy is one of the main challenges in designing a wireless sensor network (WSN). The reason is that these large scaled networks cannot be arranged, configured, or maintained manually. Thus, automated deployment and configuration are required. One important factor determining the total energy consumption is the network topology. This article evaluates the relation between the maximum distance (link lengths) between the nodes in a WSN and the total energy consumed. The optimal topology for the two most commonly used medium access control (MAC) protocols were found. A WSN based on a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol is limited by the maximum available or allowed emitted radio power. Thus, the criterion for optimal link lengths is related to the expected number of transmissions over the links. By including the retransmissions over the links we found an optimal internode distance. A Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) based WSN, on the other hand, is limited by the consumed energy of the overhearing nodes. In an analysis including only the overhearing nodes, the link lengths should be as short as possible and the connectivity of the network limits the link length used. However, we found that in a sparsely populated WSN, the total energy consumption increased for shorter link lengths as they were decreased from the optimal link length. Copyright © 2015 IFSA Publishing, S. L.