Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Investor Demand for Cross-Listed Firms

By focusing on the decisions of investors to invest in cross-listed stocks, this paper presents new evidence on why we observe striking differences in the percentage of trade in foreign markets for cross-listed stocks. With a large sample of Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) stocks cross-listed in the U.S. and Canada, we document the effect of investor recognition and risk characteristics on the distribution of trading volume. Firms that are more visible to American investors are traded more heavily in the U.S. At the same time, firms that offer diverse risk characteristics are attractive to Americans. While investors understand the benefits of international diversification, as they are attracted to stocks that are different (e.g., the stock of small firms with few assets in the U.S.), they also seek stocks that provide them with high returns.
Enacting a Pedagogy of Teacher Education. Values, relationships and practices

1. Providing the Necessary Luxuries for Teacher Reflection 2. Do You Encounter your Students or Yourself? -Inspiration as an Essential Component of Teacher 3. Education 4. Sitting on the Fence: The Student Teacher's Relationship with Associate Teachers as both Peer and Student 5. Weaving Inquiry, Theory and Reflection into the Teaching of Teachers 6. Reconceptualizing Practice for Equity and Inclusion: Learning from Program Restructuring 7. Grounding Secondary Teacher Education in Social Justice 8. Finding my Way from Teacher to Teacher Educator: Valuing Innovative Pedagogy and Inquiry into Practice 9. Constructing and Reconstructing the Concepts of Development and Learning: The Central Nature of Theory in my own Practice 10. How Practice Changed my Values as a Teacher Educator 11. Developing Professional Knowledge through Critical Friendship 12. Preparing Student Teachers for Value Development and Personal Growth in Children: The Role of Knowledge, Language and Golden Moments 13. Enacting a Pedagogy of Teacher Education
The Impact of Investors in People on Employer-Provided Training, the Equality of Training Provision and the 'Training Apartheid' Phenomenon

This article draws on data from WERS 2004 to provide a follow-up to previous research using WERS 98, which evaluated the relationship between Investors in People (IiP) and training. This follow-up is undertaken in order to consider whether the Standard, which was revised in 2000, is now more effective in ensuring that recognised workplaces genuinely engage in training activity. An evaluation is also undertaken of the Standard's new aim of ensuring equal opportunities with regard to training provision. In the event, the analysis demonstrates that the proportion of employees in IiP workplaces that have not received formal training did not change between 1998 and 2004, but employees were now less likely to disagree that managers at their workplaces encourage people to develop their skills. However, the analysis finds greater evidence of inequality of training provision in IiP workplaces than in non-IiP workplaces and that the Standard neither boosts training levels for typically disadvantaged employee groups, nor overcomes the ‘training apartheid’ phenomenon.
The Skill Bias of the US Trade Deficit

We propose a theoretical foundation for a link between North-South trade imbalances and skill upgrading. We provide robust support for our theory using a panel of US manufacturing industries observed between 1977 and 2005. Our results suggest that the impact of the US trade deficit on the relative demand for skills within US industries may dominate that of alternative forces of change, such as trade liberalization, offshoring and technical change.
A systematic mapping study of process mining

ABSTRACT This study systematically assesses the process mining scenario from 2005 to 2014. The analysis of 705 papers evidenced ‘discovery’ (71%) as the main type of process mining addressed and ‘categorical prediction’ (25%) as the main mining task solved. The most applied traditional technique is the ‘graph structure-based’ ones (38%). Specifically concerning computational intelligence and machine learning techniques, we concluded that little relevance has been given to them. The most applied are ‘evolutionary computation’ (9%) and ‘decision tree’ (6%), respectively. Process mining challenges, such as balancing among robustness, simplicity, accuracy and generalization, could benefit from a larger use of such techniques.
Financial derivatives and the rise of circulation

The analysis argues that the outsourcing of production from the metropole generated problems of monetary connectivity that motivated the banking sector to develop and market a new species of derivative: the financial derivative. Virtually non-existent until 1973, such derivatives would soon become a 100 trillion dollar market. Making a market for these derivatives opened the door for speculative capital just as the attempt by this market to capture the risks embodied in local monetized relations led to emergence of a notion of abstract risk. The notion of abstract risk, embodied in the derivative and propelled by a self-expanding speculative capital, is globally significant because abstract risk functions as a social mediation, creating a new form of interdependence in the sphere of circulation even as circulation itself grows increasingly autonomous from production. We show that what makes the emergent culture of financial circulation historically new is that it is defined and determined through the objectification of abstract risk.
The natural history, treatment and prognosis of anorexia nervosa, based on a study of 38 patients.

1. The family histories, childhood environment, and previous mental health of 38 patients with the syndrome known as “anorexia nervosa” have been examined. They show that parental neurosis, disturbed parent-child relationships, childhood neurotic traits, and previous neurotic illness, are common. These are all features of the “neurotic constitution”. 2. More specific findings are: parental invalidism, hypochondriasis and dietary preoccupations; and, among the patients, earlier feeding difficulties. 3. The personalities of the group are poorly-integrated and show a variety of neurotic traits. Obsessional traits occur in half, but their exact significance for anorexia nervosa is uncertain. 4. Intelligence is nearly always at least average. 5. There is no evidence for constitutional or acquired endocrine disorder in the premorbid clinical picture. The illness itself is explicable without assuming endocrine changes, except for ( i ) compensatory adjustment to undernutrition, ( ii ) a specific mechanism causing the amenorrhoea, when this occurs early. This mechanism probably also causes the amenorrhoea which may accompany other psychic disturbances not specially associated with anorexia or loss of weight. Endocrine therapy seldom, if ever, materially affects the course of illness. 6. The psychiatric symptomatology is diverse. There is no neurosis specific to anorexia nervosa, and no specific anorexia nervosa. We are not convinced that we have been dealing with a psychiatric entity. 7. The prognostic survey shows that the definitive symptoms persist in about half the cases, and that residual neurotic symptoms are the rule. Fifteen per cent. die from the illness or its complications. 8. Treatment is unsatisfactory. A plea is made for a broader and more flexible approach to this problem.
Cortisol Is an Associated-Risk Factor of Brain Dysfunction in Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Objectives. To investigate cortisol levels in brain dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods. In 128 septic and sedated patients, we studied brain dysfunction including delirium and coma by the evaluation of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), the Confusion Method Assessment in the ICU (CAM-ICU) after sedation withdrawal and the measurement of serum S100B biomarker of brain injury. Serum cortisol and S100B were measured within 12 hours after ICU admission and daily over the next four days. Results. Brain dysfunction was observed in 50% (64/128) before but in 84% (107/128) of patients after sedation withdrawal, and was more common in the patients older than 57 years (P = 0.009). Both cortisol (P = 0.007) and S100B levels (P = 0.028) were higher in patients with than patients without brain dysfunction. Cortisol levels were associated with ICU mortality (hazard ratio = 1.17, P = 0.024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that cortisol (odds ratio (OR): 2.34, 95% CI (2.01, 3.22), P = 0.02) and the combination effect of cortisol with age (OR: 1.004, 95% CI (1.002, 1.93), P = 0.038) but not S100B were associated with brain dysfunction. Conclusions. Cortisol was an associated-risk factor of brain dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
Ambiguity in Asset Markets: Theory and Experiment

This paper studies the impact of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion on equilibrium asset prices and portfolio holdings in competitive financial markets. It argues that attitudes toward ambiguity are heterogeneous across the population, just as attitudes toward risk are heterogeneous across the population, but that heterogeneity of attitudes toward ambiguity has different implications than heterogeneity of attitudes toward risk. In pa rticular, when some state probabilities are not known, agents who are sufficiently ambiguity averse find open sets of prices for which they refuse to hold an ambiguous portfolio. This suggests a different cross section of portfolio choices, a wider range of state price/probability ratios, and different rankings of state price/probability ratios than would be predicted if state probabilities were known. Experiments confirm all of these suggestions. Our findings contradict the claim that investors who have cognitive biases do not affect prices because they are inframarginal: ambiguity-averse investors have an indirect effect on prices because they change the per capita amount of risk that is to be shared among the marginal investors. Our experimental data also suggest a positive correlation between risk aversion and ambiguity aversion that might explain the "value effect" in historical data. The Author 2010 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org. , Oxford University Press.
The Virtue of Participatory Governance: A MacIntyrean Alternative to Shareholder Maximization

We draw on Alasdair MacIntyre's virtues, practices, and institutions schema to argue that employee participation in governance practices can play an important role in developing virtue. Whereas MacIntyre's schema has been most widely employed to understand how productive practices can cultivate virtue, we focus instead on the way that meaningful deliberation about the common good can provide experiences requiring employees to exercise the virtues. We then apply this theoretical framework to an analysis of the Mondragon Cooperative Corporation. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of participatory governance over employee ownership. Based on this analysis, we draw several implications for increasing participatory governance in a way that will prevent shareholder maximization from crowding out virtue, even in corporate contexts where productive activity itself does not provide a meaningful, virtue‐instilling experience.
Effects of high pressure and thermal processing on phytochemical, color and microbiological qualities of herbal-plant infusion

The objective of the present study was the evaluation of the bioactive compounds, physical properties and microbiological qualities of herbal-plant infusion as affected by high pressure processing (400 or 500 MPa at 25°C for 15 or 30 min) and thermal processing (90°C for 1 3 min). It was found that pressurized infusions comprised of high concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, asiatic acid and gamma oryzanol compared to the pasteurized samples. Color parameters displayed that pressurization could conserve the natural color of the products better than pasteurization. The microbiological assessments showed that total plate counts, yeasts-moulds and fecal coliforms in both processed infusions were acceptably eliminated.
Stakeholder salience in corporate environmental strategy

Stakeholders affect, and are affected by, the decisions taken by companies. They have varied and often conflicting interests, so it is essential for managers to know both who they are, and what are their attributes. This work has the aim of determining the main attributes of stakeholders with regards environmental issues, and how these attributes influence stakeholders’ environmental salience (i.e. the attention and priority accorded to them by managers). In order to do this we surveyed environmental managers from 277 Spanish manufacturing firms for their perceptions of stakeholders’ power, legitimacy, urgency and salience, with regards environmental issues.
Gum Chewing and Cognition: An Overview

In recent years, there was a debate about the effects of gum chewing on various aspects of cognitive functioning. In this review, the results of previous studies are presented and summarized. There is a clear indication that gum chewing can improve various aspects of cognitive functioning including memory, attention and both executive and intellectual functioning. However, there is also clear evidence that chewing gum during cognitive tasks can adversely affect task performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the replication of (beneficial or detrimental) effects of gum chewing on cognition has been proven to be very difficult. Consequently, the robustness of reported effects of gum chewing on cognition has to be questioned. Suggestions for future research are given.
More Evidence on the Money-Output Relationship

Recent studies have found that money loses its explanatory power over output if the 1980s are included in the sample. Interest rates, not money, appear to predict output. Using annual data for 1915-93 and quarterly data for 1960-93, the authors demonstrate that the supposed breakdown in the money-output relationship stems from the type of stationary assumption imposed on the data. Assuming difference-stationary produces results found in the literature. Assuming trend-stationary produces results indicating that money and output remain statistically related. Moreover, the change in the stationarity assumption greatly affects the quantitative importance of interest rates in explaining output. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.
Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Salivary gland tumors are rare head and neck tumors with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) as a particularly infrequent variant. This study was an evaluation of the incidence of EBV infection in malignant salivary gland tumors with the emphasis on tumor type and geographical area. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane library) were searched for data on the prevalence of EBV in malignant salivary gland tumors. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.0 (CMA 2.0) using the event rate (ER) for estimation of the incidence of EBV in the salivary gland tumor patients. Publication bias was lacking as assessed through funnel plot analysis with the Begg’s and Egger’s tests (P>0.05). Results: Out of 618 studies searched in databases, 19 reported the prevalence of EBV in malignant salivary gland tumors and were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled ER of all studies was 44% [95%CI=21.5-69.2%] with extreme heterogeneity that for the studies in America was 44.2% [95%CI=4.1-93.6%], in Asia (249 patients) was 70% [95%CI= 33.4-91.6%] and in Europe was 11.8% [95%CI=7.4-85.5%] with extreme heterogeneity for three subgroups. The pooled ER for patients with undifferentiated carcinoma was 86.7% [95%CI=71.5-94.4%] compared with 6.6% [95%CI=2.5-16.5%] for other carcinomas. Conclusions: The incidence of EBV infection in malignant salivary gland tumors in Asia was greater than in Europe and America and the higher presence of EBV infection in LEC cases implies that EBV may be a major factor in its etiology or pathogenesis. Genetic, environmental and other geographic factors may also be involved.
Balloon Catheter Dilatation for Frontal Sinus Ostium Stenosis in the Office Setting

Background Frontal sinus ostium stenosis (FSOS) is problematic even for expert surgeons. Balloon catheter (BC) technology has been recently introduced to rhinology. The aim of this study is to assess technical feasibility and effectiveness of BC dilatation of FSOS in the office setting. Methods This retrospective, multi-institutional case series describes all patients who underwent BC dilatation of FSOS in the office setting in the year ending December 31, 2007. Results Six adult patients underwent a total of seven BC dilatations of FSOS in the clinical setting. The pretreatment ostium size was 1-2 mm. Four of the dilatations were performed with a 5-mm lacrimal BC (LacriCATH, Quest Medical, Allen, TX) and three dilatations were executed with a 7-mm sinus BC (SinuCATH, Quest Medical). All procedures were performed using topical anesthesia only. No complications occurred. Five of the six dilated FSOS dilatations were deemed successful after one BC dilatation. One ostium contracted >50% and required repeat BC dilatation. All ostia have remained patent with a follow-up range of 4-9 months. No subject has required formal surgical revision. Conclusion This preliminary report describes BC of FSOS in the office setting. The technique may serve as a safe and feasible alternative, potentially avoiding formal revision sinus surgery in select patients.
Types of macular hole closure and their clinical implications

Aims: To evaluate the clinical significance of macular hole closure types assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This study involved 34 eyes of 32 patients who had undergone anatomically successful idiopathic macular hole surgery. The closed macular holes were categorised into two patterns based on OCT; type 1 closure (closed without foveal neurosensory retinal defect) and type 2 closure (closed with foveal neurosensory retinal defect). Association between visual prognosis, type of hole closure, and possible prognostic factors were analysed. Results: 19 eyes (61.3%) were classified into the type 1 closure and 12 eyes (38.7%) into the type 2 closure. The extent of postoperative visual improvement of type 1 closure group was larger than that of type 2 closure group (p=0.002). The preoperative macular hole size of type 2 closure group was significantly larger than that of type 1 closure group (p=0.006). The duration of symptoms was positively correlated with the preoperative macular hole size (p=0.01). Recurrence of macular hole occurred only in the type 2 closure group. Conclusion: The type of macular hole closure, which was influenced by the preoperative hole diameter, was associated with postoperative visual prognosis. Early detection and intervention in macular hole should be emphasised.
Experimental Investigation of TDD Reciprocity-Based Zero-Forcing Transmit Precoding

We describe an implementation of TDD reciprocity based zero-forcing linear precoding on a wireless testbed. A calibration technique which self-calibrates the base-station without the need for help from other nodes is described. Performance results in terms of downlink channel estimation error as well as bit error rate (BER) and signal to interference noise and distortion ratio (SINDR) are presented for a scenario with two base-stations and two mobile stations, with two antennas at the base-stations and a single antenna at the mobile-station. The results show considerable performance improvements over reference schemes (such as maximum ratio transmission). However, our analysis also reveals that the hardware impairments significantly limit the performance achieved. We further investigate how to model these impairments and attempt to predict the SINDR, such as what would be needed in a coordinated multipoint (CoMP) scenario where scheduling is performed jointly over the two cells. Although the results are obtained for a MISO scenario the general conclusions are relevant also for MIMO scenarios.
Microglial and astroglial activation by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice depends on S(+) enantiomer and is associated with an increase in body temperature and motility

Evidence is accumulating to suggest that 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory properties. MDMA is composed of two enantiomers with different biological activities. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of S(+)‐MDMA, R(−)‐MDMA, and S(+)‐MDMA in combination with R(−)‐MDMA on microglial and astroglial activation compared with racemic MDMA, by assessment of complement type 3 receptor (CD11b) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the mouse striatum, nucleus accumbens, motor cortex, and substantia nigra. Motor activity and body temperature were also measured, to elucidate the physiological modifications paired with the observed glial changes. Similar to racemic MDMA (4 × 20 mg/kg), S(+)‐MDMA (4 × 10 mg/kg) increased both CD11b and GFAP in the striatum, although to a lower degree, whereas R(−)‐MDMA (4 × 10 mg/kg) did not induce any significant glial activation. Combined administration of S(+) plus R(−)‐MDMA did not induce any further activation compared with S(+)‐MDMA. In all other areas, only racemic MDMA was able to slightly activate the microglia, but not the astroglia, whereas enantiomers had no effect, either alone or in combination. Racemic MDMA and S(+)‐MDMA similarly increased motor activity and raised body temperature, whereas R(−)‐MDMA affected neither body temperature nor motor activity. Interestingly, the increase in body temperature was correlated with glial activation. The results show that no synergism, but only additivity of effects, is caused by the combined administration of S(+)‐ and R(−)‐MDMA, and underline the importance of investigating the biochemical and behavioral properties of the two MDMA enantiomers to understand their relative contribution to the neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects of MDMA.