Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital Inflows: The Role of Controls

With the global economy beginning to emerge from the financial crisis, capital is flowing back to emerging market countries (EMEs). These flows, and capital mobility more generally, allow countries with limited savings to attract financing for productive investment projects, foster the diversification of investment risk, promote intertemporal trade, and contribute to the development of financial markets. In this sense, the benefits from a free flow of capital across borders are similar to the benefits from free trade (see Reaping the Benefits of Financial Globalization, IMF Occasional Paper 264, 2008), and imposing restrictions on capital mobility means foregoing, at least in part, these benefits, owing to the distortions and resource misallocation that controls give rise to (see Edwards and Ostry, 1992, for an example of how capital controls interact with other distortions in the economy).
The Convergence of IFRS and US GAAP: Evidence from the SEC’s Removal of Form 20-F Reconciliations

We use the SEC’s 2007 decision that eliminates the reconciliation requirement for foreign listed private issuers (FPIs) reporting under IFRS as a natural experiment to examine whether IFRS and US GAAP produce accounting information of comparable quality. We conduct statistical analyses using a sample of 563 firm-year observations of FPIs during the period 2002 through 2008 for a panel of 70 FPIs that report under IFRS as our treatment group and 46 FPIs that report under US GAAP as our control group. Using a stock-valuation model and a difference-in-differences analysis of scaled residuals we examine whether the reconciliation values reported by IFRS FPIs prior to 2007 were value relevant and if the elimination of the reconciliation information in the postintervention period (2007 and 2008) has adversely affected the information available to investors to make stock-valuation decisions. The results for the 2002 through 2006 period suggest that the reconciliation values for book value were value relevant. The difference-in-differences analysis shows that while the residual-value model incorporating reconciliation information produced comparable scaled stock price residuals for IFRS and US GAAP FPIs prior to 2007, the removal of the reconciliation information resulted in scaled stock price residuals for IFRS FPIs exceeding those for US GAAP FPIs by more than 35 percent after the SEC’s decision to waive the reconciliation filing requirement. These findings may be of interest to the SEC in its recent deliberations of whether, when, and how IFRS should be incorporated into the US financial reporting system.
Lassoing the HAR Model: A Model Selection Perspective on Realized Volatility Dynamics

Realized volatility computed from high-frequency data is an important measure for many applications in finance, and its dynamics have been widely investigated. Recent notable advances that perform well include the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model which can approximate long memory, is very parsimonious, is easy to estimate, and features good out-of-sample performance. We prove that the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) recovers the lags structure of the HAR model asymptotically if it is the true model, and we present Monte Carlo evidence in finite samples. The HAR model's lags structure is not fully in agreement with the one found using the Lasso on real data. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence that there are two clear breaks in structure for most of the assets we consider. These results bring into question the appropriateness of the HAR model for realized volatility. Finally, in an out-of-sample analysis, we show equal performance of the HAR model and the Lasso approach.
Government Bond Yield Volatility and It's Determinants: The Case of Indonesia Government Bond

This research is conducted from gaps of research findings regarding factors influencing government bond yield. The aim of this research is to develop a model of government bond yield determinants and to test hypothesis about the effect of inflation, foreign reserves, local interest rate, stock market return, exchange rate, foreign interest rate, world oil prices, real sector performance, and conditional variances on government bond yield. Time series process and multifactor models are employed. The model combines two approaches called Multifactor EGARCH-M Model. The population is Indonesian government bond, denominating in IDR and has a fixed coupon rate. The sample selected is five years tenor bond. The findings are: (1) Indonesia’s government bond yield has volatility clustering as measured by GARCH process; (2) based on adjusted R2, logL, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Schwarz Criterion (SC), Multifactor EGARCH-M Model is the best model among six models developed; (3) as a proxy of market risk and default risk, GARCH-M has the biggest effect on its yield followed by non gold reserve; (4) the other variables having influences on government bond yields are: local interest rate, stock market return, exchange rate, foreign interest of rate, and world oil price. Inflation and real sector performance have no effect on government bond yields.
The International Dimension of Inflation: Evidence from Disaggregated Consumer Price Data

We estimate the contribution of international common factors to the dynamics of price inflation rates of a cross-section of 948 CPI products in four OECD countries: United States, Germany, France, and United Kingdom. We find two main results. First, on average, and at least in the sample 1991-2004, one international common factor explains between 15% and 30% of the variance of consumer prices (depending on the transformation applied to the data). Given the high level of disaggregation of our panel, this estimate is best viewed as a "lower bound" for the contribution of international factors to inflation dynamics. Second, we find a strongly positive and statistically significant relationship between exposure of consumer inflation to international shocks and trade openness at the sectoral level. The latter result holds regardless of whether the original data are expressed in local as opposed to common currency. Copyright (c) 2009 The Ohio State University.
μ‐Opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area are targeted to presynaptically and directly modulate mesocortical projection neurons

Mesocorticolimbic projections originating from dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a critical role in opiate addiction. Activation of μ‐opioid receptors (MOR), which are located mainly within inhibitory neurons in the VTA, results in enhanced dopaminergic transmission in target regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We combined retrograde tract‐tracing and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to determine if neurons in the VTA that project to the mPFC contain MOR or receive input from MOR‐containing terminals. Rats received unilateral injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold (FG) into the mPFC. Tissue sections throughout the VTA were then processed for electron microscopic examination of FG and MOR. Immunoperoxidase labeling for FG was present in VTA cell bodies that contained immunogold‐silver particles for MOR that often were contacted by profiles exclusively immunoreactive for MOR, including somata and axon terminals. The majority of dually labeled profiles were dendrites that received convergent input from unlabeled axon terminals forming either symmetric or asymmetric type synapses. Within retrogradely labeled cell bodies and proximal dendrites, MOR immunoreactivity was mainly sequestered within the cytoplasm. In contrast, distal retrogradely labeled dendrites contained MOR gold particles located along the plasma membranes. These data suggest that opiates active at MOR in the VTA modulate cortical activity through 1) presynaptic actions on MOR in terminals contacting mesocortical cell bodies, and 2) direct activation of MOR in distal dendrites of projection neurons. Synapse 41:221–229, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenesis of SNM1, Which Encodes a Protein Component of the Yeast RNase MRP, Reveals a Role for This Ribonucleoprotein Endoribonuclease in Plasmid Segregation

ABSTRACT RNase MRP is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that has been shown to have roles in both mitochondrial DNA replication and nuclear 5.8S rRNA processing. SNM1 encodes an essential 22.5-kDa protein that is a component of yeast RNase MRP. It is an RNA binding protein that binds the MRP RNA specifically. This 198-amino-acid protein can be divided into three structural regions: a potential leucine zipper near the amino terminus, a binuclear zinc cluster in the middle region, and a serine- and lysine-rich region near the carboxy terminus. We have performed PCR mutagenesis of the SNM1gene to produce 17 mutants that have a conditional phenotype for growth at different temperatures. Yeast strains carrying any of these mutations as the only copy of snm1 display an rRNA processing defect identical to that in MRP RNA mutants. We have characterized these mutant proteins for RNase MRP function by examining 5.8S rRNA processing, MRP RNA binding in vivo, and the stability of the RNase MRP RNA. The results indicate two separate functional domains of the protein, one responsible for binding the MRP RNA and a second that promotes substrate cleavage. The Snm1 protein appears not to be required for the stability of the MRP RNA, but very low levels of the protein are required for processing of the 5.8S rRNA. Surprisingly, a large number of conditional mutations that resulted from nonsense and frameshift mutations throughout the coding regions were identified. The most severe of these was a frameshift at amino acid 7. These mutations were found to be undergoing translational suppression, resulting in a small amount of full-length Snm1 protein. This small amount of Snm1 protein was sufficient to maintain enough RNase MRP activity to support viability. Translational suppression was accomplished in two ways. First, CEN plasmid missegregation leads to plasmid amplification, which in turn leads to SNM1 mRNA overexpression. Translational suppression of a small amount of the superabundant SNM1 mRNA results in sufficient Snm1 protein to support viability. CEN plasmid missegregation is believed to be the result of a prolonged telophase arrest that has been recently identified in RNase MRP mutants. Either the SNM1gene is inherently susceptible to translational suppression or extremely small amounts of Snm1 protein are sufficient to maintain essential levels of MRP activity.
Aggressive/hostile personality traits and injury accidents: an eight-year prospective study of a large cohort of French employees – the GAZEL cohort

Background. Aggressiveness on the roads and/or anger behind the wheel are considered to be a major traffic safety problem in several countries. However, the psychological mechanisms of anger and/or aggression on the roads remain largely unclear. This study examines a large cohort of French employees followed over the period 1994–2001 to establish whether psychometric measures of aggression/hostility were significantly associated with an increased risk of an injury accident (I-A). An I-A was defined as a traffic accident in which someone was injured, that is required medical care. Method. A total of 11754 participants aged from 39 to 54 years in 1993 were included in this study. Aggression/hostility was measured in 1993 using the French version of the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI). Driving behaviors and I-A were recorded in 2001. Sociodemographic and alcohol consumption data were available from annual follow-up of the cohort. The relationship between aggression/hostility scores and I-A was assessed using negative binomial regression models with time-dependent covariates. Results. The overall BDHI scoring was not statistically predictive of subsequent I-A: adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 1·02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·81–1·28, for participants with intermediate scores and aRR 1·25, 95% CI 0·98–1·61 for those with high scores, both compared to those with low scores. The only BDHI subscales found to be associated with I-A were ‘irritability’ (aRR 1·33, 95% CI 1·02–1·75 for participants with high scores) and ‘negativism’ (aRR 1·32, 95% CI 1·01–1·71 for participants with high scores). Conclusion. Overall aggression/hostility personality traits did not predict I-A in this large cohort of French employees, suggesting that aggressiveness on the roads and/or anger behind the wheel extend beyond the individual's general propensity for aggression.
Banking Governance and Risk: The Case of Tunisian Conventional Banks

Abstract Banks are in the business of taking risks. The 3 pillars of Basel II capital accord highlight the crucial role of informative risk disclosures in enhancing market discipline. The specific role and responsibilities of the board of directors or supervisory boards in banking institutions continue, however, to fuel debate. Findings of the literature are often inconclusive. The main contribution of this study is examining how board characteristics affect risk in banking industry. We explore this relationship by using many econometric approaches. The empirical analysis based on a sample of 11 Tunisian conventional banks over the period 2001-2011 reports the following results when using GLS RE: small and dual functions boards are associated with more insolvency risk but have no significant effect on credit and global risks. The presence of independent directors within the board generates an increase in global risk but has no significant effect on insolvency and credit risks. A lower CEO ownership has no significant effect with all measures of risks. Finally, banking capitalization is associated with more insolvency risk, and small size banks assume lower credit risk. These findings are performed by using a GMM in system approach
Policy Legitimacy and the Supreme Court: The Sources and Contexts of Legitimation

Conflicting evidence regarding the ability of the Supreme Court to confer policy legitimacy suggests that the process of legitimation is both subtle and multifaceted. Two aspects of this process are examined here First, the rela tionship between policy legitimacy and policy agreement is explored. Ex perimental tests demonstrate that policy legitimacy emerges from a direct process of symbolic legitimation, and through an indirect process of per suasive legitimation. Second, the mediated character of Supreme Court rul ings is examined as it relates to the Court's ability to enhance policy legitimacy. Experimental tests reveal that the Court's power of legitimation remains con sistent regardless of variance in the specific content of news coverage Col lectively, findings highlight the intricacy of policy legitimation while providing evidence that the institutional legitimacy maintained by the Supreme Court can produce significant shifts in policy evaluations.
Patterns of Work Reorganization in the Course of the IT Industry's Internationalization

The IT industry was considered relatively resistant to the international relocation of jobs, but such a perception changed profoundly during the 1990s when IT companies relocated services to low-wage destinations on a larger scale. According to many authors, IT offshoring not only jeopardizes jobs in high-wage countries, but also fundamentally changes the organization and control of IT work. Whereas IT work was once considered a prime example of post-Taylorist work organization, it is argued that the global division of labour necessitates the standardization and formalization of the labour processes, leading to extended managerial control and reduced autonomy for employees. Drawing upon two case studies in transnationally operating IT companies, this article critically examines this prognosis. It argues that forms of work organization and control in the IT industry do not develop homogeneously or uniformly. Instead, it is possible to identify specific modes of reorganization with very different consequences for employees' autonomy in the labour process that are shaped by the dynamic interplay between different patterns of internationalization, on the one hand, and the specific institutional settings of the offshore destinations, on the other.
10-Hydroxycarbazepine Serum Concentration-to-Oxcarbazepine Dose Ratio: Influence of Age and Concomitant Antiepileptic Drugs

This study was done to evaluate the association between patient age and the concomitant use of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) concentration-to-dose ratio (CDR) by a multivariate analysis. The influence of patient age and concomitant AEDs on the trough steady-state serum concentration of 10-hydroxycarbazepine (OHC) normalized to 1 mg/kg body weight of OXC or concentration-to-dose ratio (OHC-OXC-CDR) was assessed by analysis of covariance. Samples were collected from 106 patients (90% outpatients), aged 1-80, who were receiving OXC either alone (n = 41) or in combination with other AEDs (n = 65). The average OHC-OXC CDR was 0.70 ± 0.26 (mean ± SD). Analysis of covariance showed that patient age was influential (P < 0.001) and that there was a difference between the noninducers group (OXC or OXC + lamotrigine, topiramate, or valproate) and the inducers group (OXC + phenobarbital or phenytoin) (P < 0.001). The OHC-OXC CDR increased with age (r2 = 0.14, P < 0.001) and was approximately 48% lower in children aged 6 or less than in patients over 45, and approximately 32% lower in the inducers group than in patients receiving OXC alone. The correlation between OHC-OXC CDR and the age of the patients concerned with OXC alone was r2 = 0.48, P < 0.001. In the noninducers group the OHC-OXC CDR was 0.59 ± 0.24 in patients aged 11 or less (n = 16), and 0.81 ± 0.23 in patients over 11 years (n = 62). In the inducers group it was 0.25 ± 0.11 in patients aged 11 or less (n = 3) and 0.57 ± 0.18 in patients over the age of 11 (n = 25). The OHC-OXC CDR increased with patient age and decreased in the presence of enzyme-inducing AEDs in epileptic patients chronically treated with OXC. These influences may be clinically relevant, and, therefore, patient age and the presence of inducers should be considered in estimating either compliance or the OXC dose needed to achieve a desired OHC concentration.
Governing with the Charter: Legislative and Judicial Activism and Framers' Intent

Acknowledgments / viii Acronyms / xi Introduction / 3 Part 1: Democratic Activism and Constitutional Politics 1 Democracy and Judicial Review / 23 2 Constitutional Politics and the Charter / 46 3 Framers' Intent and the Parliamentary Arena / 80 Part 2: Judicial Activism and the Supreme Court of Canada 4 The Supreme Court and Police Conduct / 107 5 Guardians of the Constitution / 136 Part 3: Legislative Activism and the Policy Process 6 The Charter and Canadian Federalism / 181 7 Governing with the Charter of Rights / 222 Conclusion / 258 Notes / 266 Bibliography / 302 Index / 317
Primary care groups and research networks: opportunities for R&D in context.

RIMARY care groups (PCGs) raise a tricky but unavoidableagenda for research and development in primary care.Challenging questions about how to make the ‘R’ (research) and‘D’ (development) relevant to the local situation are posed byinitiatives such as clinical governance and evidence-based pre-scribing. Important opportunities to answer such questions maybe realised by the present investment in primary care research.
ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein homologous to tyrosine kinases

The ret transforming gene was activated by recombination between two unlinked segments of human DNA, most likely during transfection of NIH 3T3 cells. To further define this transforming gene, we isolated and sequenced ret cDNA clones. The nucleotide sequence indicates that the active ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein with a carboxy-terminal domain which is 40 to 50% homologous to members of the tyrosine kinase gene family. This tyrosine kinase domain is preceded by a hydrophobic sequence characteristic of a transmembrane domain. Transcription of the ret tyrosine kinase sequence was detected in the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, and THP-1 monocytic leukemia cell lines, but not in 25 other human tumor cell lines surveyed. The ret tyrosine kinase may thus represent a cell surface receptor which is expressed in a restricted range of human cells.
Unemployment and the underground economy in Australia

Despite government attempts to reduce welfare benefit fraud in Australia, participation in the underground economy by those claiming to be unemployed continues. Although there exists considerable international literature on the size of the underground economy, academics and public officials alike have paid little attention to the extent of participation in the underground economy by those who claim to be unemployed and in receipt of social security payments. This study provides the first known estimate of how changes in the unemployment rate affect the size and growth of the underground economy in Australia and the likely economic implications this may have for public policy decisions. We find that a number of unemployed Australians prefer to remain unemployed and work surreptitiously in the underground economy, while others, after becoming unemployed and finding legitimate employment, prefer to continue working in the underground economy.
Endogenous Entry, International Business Cycles, and Welfare

This paper examines if taking into account changes in the number of producers, or equivalently changes in the product variety space over the business cycle, helps to understand and replicate international business cycle facts. To this end, we develop a two-country model in which the economy is driven by real and monetary policy shocks. If it is characterized by an endogenous number of firms and varieties, sticky prices and financial markets incompleteness. We show that these features are crucial to reproduce international business cycle statistics. We also evaluate the welfare implications of various monetary policies and highlight the importance for monetary policymakers to respond moderately to output fluctuations.
Pengaruh Risiko, Leverage, Peluang Pertumbuhan, Persistensi Laba dan Kualitas Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan terhadap Earning Response Coefficient pada Perusahaan High Profile

This study aimed to investigated empirically effect of risk, leverage, peluang pertumbuhan, earning persistence and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) quality on earning response coefficient at high profile company that listed on Indonesian stock exchange in 2009-2011. This study using risk, DER, MB, PL and dummy variable by ISRA categorize to measured independent variable. Earning response coefficient (ERC) as dependent variable is measured by regression of abnormal return with unexpected earning (+/-) 5 day at window period from the date of publication of annual report. This study uses multiple regression analysis with the object 140 high profile companies. By purposive sampling method there is 72 annual report which according to specified criteria. The result showed that risk, leverage, growth opportunities, earning persistence and CSR diclossure have silmutaniously effect to ERC. In partial test showed that risk, leverage and CSR quality have negative effect on ERC. Furthermore growth opportunities and earning persistence haven’t effect to ERC. Keywords: risk, growth opportunities, leverage, earning response coefficient, high profile.