Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient Outcomes and Cerebral Infarction after Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Treatment

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture and treatment is associated with high rates of dependency, which are more severe after clipping compared with coiling. To determine whether ischemic injury might account for these differences, we characterized cerebral infarction burden, infarction patterns, and patient outcomes after surgical or endovascular treatment of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Patient data and neuroimaging studies were reviewed. A propensity score for outcome measures was calculated to account for the nonrandom assignment to treatment. Primary outcome was the frequency of frontal lobe and striatum ischemic injury. Secondary outcomes were patient mortality and clinical outcome at discharge and at 3 months. RESULTS: Coiled patients were older (median, 55 versus 50 years; P = .03), presented with a worse clinical status (60% with Hunt and Hess Score >2 versus 34% in clipped patients; P = .02), had a higher modified Fisher grade (P = .01), and were more likely to present with intraventricular hemorrhage (78% versus 56%; P = .03). Ischemic frontal lobe infarction (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–8.4; P = .03) and recurrent artery of Heubner infarction (OR, 20.9; 95% CI, 3.5–403.7; P < .001) were more common in clipped patients. Clipped patients were more likely to be functionally dependent at discharge (OR, 3.2; P = .05) compared with coiled patients. Mortality and clinical outcome at 3 months were similar between coiled and clipped patients. CONCLUSIONS: Frontal lobe and recurrent artery of Heubner infarctions are more common after surgical clipping of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms, and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes at discharge.
The Aftermath of Decolonization: Gender and Sexual Dissidence in Postindependence Namibia

Since the late 1990s, Namibian gender and sexual dissidents have publicly challenged homophobic statements made by leaders of the South West African People’s Organisation (SWAPO), the country’s ruling political party. In this article, I treat Namibian gender and sexual diversity organizing as a decolonization movement contesting SWAPO’s grip over the trajectory of decolonization. To illustrate how gender and sexuality movements operate as decolonization movements, I analyze how feminist and LGBT activists have responded to SWAPO leaders’ political homophobia since 1995. I draw on an analysis of twenty-eight in-person, qualitative interviews with Namibian LGBT activists and four months of ethnographic observation of the activities of Sister Namibia, a feminist organization, and The Rainbow Project, an LGBT movement organization, that I conducted in 2006. I also analyzed 338 Namibian newspaper articles published between 1995 and 2010 that mention homosexuality, antihomosexual sentiments, or LGBT activism.
Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden in relation to social class, marital status and immigration

ABSTRACT– A representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18‐65 years old in “former” Stockholm County were examined by psychiatrists in 1970–71. The total non‐response was 12%, The 12‐month prevalence of mental disorders in relation to social class (I‐III), marital status and immigration was estimated. The “psychiatric diagnoses of moderate and severe degree” were significantly more prevalent in social class III (14% and 2.7%) than in I (6.9% and 0.6%) and II (9.8% and 0.9%) and significantly more prevalent among single (16% and 4.6%) than among cohabiting persons (9.6% and 1.0%), The mental disorder/immigration relationship should here be interpreted with certain reservations. One significant difference was noted: the “psychiatric diagnosis of severe degree” was significantly more prevalent for men born in Sweden (1.5%) than for men born abroad (0.3%).
Handbook of motivation and cognition : foundations of social behavior

The apparent success of cognitive principles in accounting for several behaviors has led social psychologists to question the need for motivations and other "hot" dispositional constructs. In their place, they postulate nonmotivational "cold" cognitions. Behavioral variations between individuals are thus reduced to differences in information processing abilities, while biases and other apparently motivated behaviors are explained on the "faulty computer" model. However, as many cognitive psychologists now acknowledge this mechanistic theory fails to tie the processing of information to the performance of actions. In a creative attempt to bridge this gap, the editors and investigators have begun to challenge the prevailing hot/cold, either/or dichotomy. Instead, they propose the "warm look" - a synergistic approach to the roles of "hot" motivations and "cold" cognitions in the production of behavior. In their view, neither one alone is sufficient to explain social phenomena. In fact, outside of theory, the two are inseparable. This comprehensive handbook attempts an integration of contrasting approaches to behavior discusses the dual contributions of cognition and motivation to affective states, the development and evaluation of the self, and the setting and attainment of goals. Central themes include the notion of different public and private selves forming distinct influences on motivational behavior; the key role of affect in mediating social information processing; and the differences between informational and affective value, or between behavior geared to finding out versus behavior prompted by a desire to feel good. While much remains to be learned about the complex interplay of motivation and cognition, these studies demonstrate that the two can no longer be treated as separate, unrelated factors. Subjective states and goals clearly influence information processing, while the acquisition of information alters affect and behavior. An ambitious and original attempt to bridge the gap between thought and action, the Handbook is an indispensable reference for all social cognitive and developmental psychologists, investigators of personality and motivation, and advanced students in these areas.
Involutional Block Cipher for Limited Resources

We propose a scalable block cipher which is an involutional SPN. We use one S-box which is an involution and a bit permutation which also is an involution. As a result we received a totally involutional cipher. It means that we use the same network, and especially the same S-box and the same permutation P in the encryption and decryption data processing. PP-1 is a symmetric block cipher designed for platforms with very limited resources, especially with restricted amount of memory needed to store its components.
Exposure to MTBE, TAME and Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Gasoline Pump Maintenance, Repair and Inspection

Exposure to MTBE, TAME and Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Gasoline Pump Maintenance, Repair and Inspection: Sinikka Vainiotalo, et al. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland—The exposure of gasoline pump repairers and inspectors to gasoline was studied at service stations and repair shops in Finland in April–June 2004. The average air temperature ranged from 7°C to 16°C and wind speed from 2.5 to 7 m/s. The gasoline blends contained mixtures of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) and tert‐amyl methyl ether (TAME), the total content of oxygenates being 11–12%. The content of benzene was <1%. Breathing zone air was collected during the work task using passive monitors. The mean sampling period was 4.5 h. The mean TWA‐8 h concentrations for MTBE, TAME, hexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were 4.5, 1.3, 0.55, 0.23, 2.2, 0.26 and 1.1 mg/m3, respectively. None of the individual benzene concentrations exceeded the binding limit value for benzene (3.25 mg/m3). The sum concentration of MTBE and TAME in urine was between 8.9 and 530 nmol/l in individual post‐shift samples. The individual sum concentrations of the metabolites tert‐butyl alcohol and tert‐amyl alcohol collected the following morning after the exposure ranged from 81 to 916 nmol/l. All individual results were below corresponding biological action levels. Exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons was estimated from post‐shift urine samples, with benzene showing the highest concentration (range 4.4 and 35 nmol/l in nonsmokers). The exposure levels were similar to those measured in previous studies during unloading of tanker lorries and railway wagons. The results indicated a slightly higher exposure for inspectors, who calibrated fuel pump gauges at the service stations, than for pump repairers. No significant skin exposure occurred during the study.
LaserViz: Shared Gaze in the Co-Located Physical World

Gaze is an important aspect in social communication. In this paper we present a first exploration of visualizing gaze in the co-located physical world. LaserViz augments gaze in the physical world by means of an eye-tracking enabled wearable device that laser beams the gaze position to real world objects. Based on an initial prototype, we explored the effects of shared gaze through a collaborative as well as a competitive scenario in a co-located setting. This paper discusses the insights and implications following these explorations for the concept of shared gaze in the co-located physical world.
Sublingual thyroid ectopy: similarities and differences with Kallmann syndrome

Permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the commonest cause of preventable intellectual disability, is due to defects in the embryonic development of the thyroid in the vast majority of cases. These defects are collectively called thyroid dysgenesis. The thyroid may be absent (athyreosis) but, more commonly, a sublingual thyroid ectopy without lateral lobes, is the only thyroid tissue present. Such an ectopy presumably results from an arrest in the downward migration of the median anlage. Thyroid ectopy almost always occurs in a sporadic fashion. However, first-degree relatives are affected more often than chance alone would predict. On the other hand, almost all reported monozygotic twin pairs are discordant for thyroid ectopy. Current research is aimed at reconciling these contradictory epidemiological data. We propose a two-hit mechanism associating a germline predisposing factor with another genetic or epigenetic alteration within the ectopic thyroid tissue itself or, as in some forms of Kallmann syndrome, in the structures surrounding the thyroid during embryogenesis. Thyroid ectopy, a model for sporadic congenital malformations in humans, is also associated with congenital heart disease, and molecular mechanisms common to thyroid and heart development are being unraveled.
Urbanization, Community Size, and Population Density

Traditional sociological insights assume that cities are characterized by lower levels of voluntary engagement as it is expected that community size and population density are negatively associated with network and mobilization opportunities. Others, however, argue that cities allow for the formation of different networks that are no longer based on ascribed personal characteristics. The authors analyze voluntary association membership in Belgium, based on the “Social Cohesion Indicators in Flanders” dataset (n = 2,080 respondents, sampled in 40 communities). The analysis shows that neither population density nor community size have an effect on scope or intensity of participation in voluntary associations. Only two forms of associations are negatively related to population density. Their results therefore do not support the hypothesis of a rural-urban divide in participation in voluntary associations. They speculate how future research could take into account different sorts of voluntary associations when investigating the rural-urban divide and include other measurements of participation.
Sensing the Momentum: A Process View of Change in a Multinational Corporation

Abstract In this paper, we show how process thinking enables analysis of change in a world of forces and flows, bringing out the contingent nature of change, the importance of activating inherent forces, the power of heterogeneity of factors, and the temporality of change. We apply an extended sensemaking framework to a concrete case of change in a Multinational Corporation, in which we demonstrate and explain how two separate processes under the same change programme involving the same actors and under the same management achieved significantly different degrees of momentum. Our contribution to the sensemaking literature lies in relating social interacts with commitment and the narratives that underlie the change processes. At a more general level, the analysis shows that what drives organizational change may be the dynamics inherent in the process rather than its initial rationale or its context.
End-Cretaceous marine mass extinction not caused by productivity collapse

An asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous caused mass extinction, but extinction mechanisms are not well-understood. The collapse of sea surface to sea floor carbon isotope gradients has been interpreted as reflecting a global collapse of primary productivity (Strangelove Ocean) or export productivity (Living Ocean), which caused mass extinction higher in the marine food chain. Phytoplankton-dependent benthic foraminifera on the deep-sea floor, however, did not suffer significant extinction, suggesting that export productivity persisted at a level sufficient to support their populations. We compare benthic foraminiferal records with benthic and bulk stable carbon isotope records from the Pacific, Southeast Atlantic, and Southern Oceans. We conclude that end-Cretaceous decrease in export productivity was moderate, regional, and insufficient to explain marine mass extinction. A transient episode of surface ocean acidification may have been the main cause of extinction of calcifying plankton and ammonites, and recovery of productivity may have been as fast in the oceans as on land.
Typology and prevailing composition of core profiles in the WAIS—R standardization sample.

The structure and membership of ability profiles found most representative among the 1,880 16-to 74-year-old Ss comprising the standardization sample for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) were analyzed. Scaled score profiles for the 11 WAIS-R subtests were grouped according to similar level and shape using sequential minimum-variance cluster analyses with independent replications
Chinese values in Singapore: Traditional and modern

A series of three studies was conducted to test the internal structure of the Chinese value hierarchy (CVH) in Singapore. Study 1 identified the empirically best–fit model with six factors: Prudence, Industry, Civic–Harmony, Moral Development, Social Power and Moderation. Relative magnitudes and interfactor correlations suggested that these factors could be further grouped into two superordinate clusters: (i) The Modern factor, with significantly higher magnitude, consisted of Prudence, Industry, Civic–Harmony and Moral Development; and (ii) the Tradition factor, with lower magnitude, consisted of Social Power and Moderation. Study 2 surveyed university students with differential preference for language usages: English or Chinese. Both language groups were equally high on the Modern factor, but the Chinese–language–preferred group showed a significantly higher endorsement for the Tradition factor, Chinese Worldview (CWV) and Chinese Health Beliefs (CHB). Further convergent validation for the Modern and the Tradition factors was provided by investigating their correlations with traditional Chinese beliefs and practices for the two language groups separately. Study 3 tested generation differences in CVH. University participants (Self) were compared with their parents (Parents) and friends (Friends). There were no differences between Self and Friends on both the Modern and Tradition factors, CWV and individual differences of modernity. Parents and Self did not differ on individual differences of modernity. Parents, however, were higher on the Modern factor, the Tradition factor and CWV. Results were discussed to support the concept of ‘multiple modernity’ (Tu, 1900) in Asian societies, and the ‘revised convergence hypothesis’ proposed by Yang (1988).
Effective Approaches to Motivate and Engage Reluctant Boys in Literacy.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the reasons why elementary-aged boys often lack motivation in literacy and to provide teachers with useful approaches to engage reluctant boys in reading and writing. Following a comprehensive search of multiple university data base search engines, the author critically evaluated 21 peer-reviewed sources written within the last ten years, as well as two sources from the last 14 years. Gender-based brain research studies revealed to the author that differences in brain design and development create learning differences between males and females. Evidence from Qualitative and Mixed Method studies also led the author to find lack of confidence, interest level, and topic choice to be significant factors affecting a boy's motivation to read and/or write. Included in the article are strategy suggestions that teachers may implement in their classrooms to better engage boys in literacy.
Tearing us apart again: The paradigm wars and the search for validity

Language testing research is an increasingly divided field, as it responds to the paradigm shifts in broader applied linguistics research. One the one hand, language testing validation research places a fundamental emphasis on the generalisability of results and the appropriateness of inferences based on observed learner performances. This involves a rigorous interrogation of the elicitation instruments, judgments, and observations used to make inferences about individual test takers. At the same time, input from non-measurement traditions are leading to the exploration of new insights into the limitations of such inferences, and to a greater understanding of the social values which imbue tests. This epistemological ferment is as much productive as problematic, and its implications extend to research in other areas of applied linguistics, including SLA.
Host Dendritic Cells Alone Are Sufficient to Initiate Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease1

Alloantigen expression on host APCs is essential to initiate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD); however, critical APC subset remains to be elucidated. We compared the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells to initiate acute GVHD by an add-back study of MHC class II-expressing APCs (II+/+) into MHC class II-deficient (II−/−) mice that were resistant to CD4-dependent GVHD. Injection of host-derived, but not donor-derived, II+/+ DCs or host-derived II+/+ B cells, was sufficient to break GVHD resistance of II−/− mice and induced lethal acute GVHD. By contrast, host-derived II+/+ B cells, both naive and LPS stimulated, failed to induce activation or tolerance of donor CD4+ T cells. Similarly, in a model of CD8-dependent GVHD across MHC class I mismatch injection of allogeneic DCs, but not B cells, induced robust proliferation of donor CD8+ T cells and broke GVHD resistance of chimeric recipients in which APCs were syngeneic to donors. These results demonstrate that host-derived DCs are critical in priming donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to cause GVHD, and selective targeting of host DCs may be a promising strategy to prevent GVHD.
Chandra Observations of Variable Embedded X-Ray Sources in Orion. I. Resolving the Orion Trapezium

We used the High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory to perform two observations, separated by 3 weeks, of the Orion Trapezium region. The zeroth-order images on the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer provide spatial resolution of 0. ″5 and moderate energy resolution. Within a 160′′ × 140′′ region around the Orion Trapezium, we resolve 111 X-ray sources with luminosities between 7 × 1028 and 2 × 1032 ergs s-1. We do not detect any diffuse emission. All but six sources are identified. From spectral fits of the three brightest stars in the Trapezium, we determine the line-of-sight column density to be NH = (1.93 ± 0.29) × 1021 cm-2. Many sources appear much more heavily absorbed, with NH in the range of 1022-1023 cm-2. A large fraction of sources also show excursions in luminosity by more than a factor 5 on timescales greater than 50 ks; many are detected only in one of the observations. The main objective of this paper is to study the Orion Trapezium and its close vicinity. All five Trapezium stars are bright in X-rays, with θ1 Ori C accounting for about 60% of the total luminosity of the Trapezium. The CCD spectra of the three very early-type members can be fitted with a two-temperature thermal spectrum with a soft component of kT ~ 0.8 keV and a hard component of kT ~ 2-3 keV. θ1 Ori B is an order of magnitude fainter than θ1 Ori E and shows only a hard spectrum of kT ~ 3 keV. θ1 Ori D is another order of magnitude fainter than θ1 Ori B, with only a kT ~ 0.7 keV component. We discuss these results in the context of stellar wind models. We detect eight additional, mostly variable X-ray sources in the close vicinity of the Trapezium. They are identified with thermal and nonthermal radio sources, as well as infrared and optical stars. Five of these X-ray sources are identified with proplyds, and we argue that the X-ray emission originates from class I, II, and III protostars at the cores of the proplyds.
Quartets MaxCut: A Divide and Conquer Quartets Algorithm

Accurate phylogenetic reconstruction methods are currently limited to a maximum of few dozens of taxa. Supertree methods construct a large tree over a large set of taxa, from a set of small trees over overlapping subsets of the complete taxa set. Hence, in order to construct the tree of life over a million and a half different species, the use of a supertree method over the product of accurate methods, is inevitable. Perhaps the simplest version of this task that is still widely applicable, yet quite challenging, is quartet-based reconstruction. This problem lies at the root of many tree reconstruction methods and theoretical as well as experimental results have been reported. Nevertheless, dealing with false, conflicting quartet trees remains problematic. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for constructing a tree from a set of input quartet trees even with a significant fraction of errors. We show empirically that conflicts in the inputs are handled satisfactorily and that it significantly outperforms and outraces the Matrix Representation with Parsimony (MRP) methods that have previously been most successful in dealing with supertrees. Our algorithm is based on a divide and conquer algorithm where our divide step uses a semidefinite programming (SDP) formulation of MaxCut. We remark that this builds on previous work of ours [29] for piecing together trees from rooted triplet trees. The recursion for unrooted quartets, however, is more complicated in that even with completely consistent set of quartet trees the problem is NP-hard, as opposed to the problem for triples where there is a linear time algorithm. This complexity leads to several issues and some solutions of possible independent interest.