Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of the Southern Racial State: Class and Race Determinants of Local-State Structures

Theories of the state are unable to explain intrastate variation in policy implementation because they tend to focus on the highest levels of the state hierarchy and ignore local-state institutions. Race-relations theories ignore the state entirely. This research views the local state as constrained by the superordinate national state and by local class structures. The racial nature of the local state, here termed the racial state, was designed and defended by plantation operators and white farm owners. Institutional features of the racial state conformed to the interests of planters and white farmers. These two classes also impeded the national state's dismantling of the racial state during the 1960s. Racial differences in enfranchisement were closely articulated with the local class structures typical of labor-intensive cotton agriculture rather than with competition and status variables suggested by race-relations theories.
A joint 3-D parameter estimation method without parameters pairing for near field sources

A new method based on fourth-order cumulant for the joint estimation of the range, elevation and azimuth of spatial near-field sources is presented. The proposed method adopts non-centro-symmetric cross array, constructs cumulant matrixes using received array data, and constructs five signal subspace matrixes through SVD decomposition. According to the tripartite relationships among subspace matrixes, eigenvalue of the matrix and the eigenvector of opposition the eigenvalue, the parameters can be auto paired. The method does not require any spectral peak search, and can be applied to additive Gaussian noise environment. The performance of the proposed method is verified by computer simulations.
0-brane recoil revisited

One-loop string scattering amplitudes computed using the standard D0-brane conformal field theory (CFT) suffer from infrared divergences associated with recoil. A systematic framework to take recoil into account is the worldline formalism, where fixed boundary conditions are replaced by dynamical D0-brane worldlines. We show that, in the worldline formalism, the divergences that plague the CFT are automatically cancelled in a non-trivial way. The amplitudes derived in the worldline formalism can be reproduced by deforming the CFT with a specific “recoil operator”, which is bilocal and different from the ones previously suggested in the literature.
Resolution of Conjugal Role Adjustment after Retirement

Conjugal units characterized by males past the age of 65 were examined in an attempt to describe differences in (1) the distribution of household tasks and (2) the attitude of the wife toward the husband's behavior. By dividing the units into those with a retired husband and those which contained a working husband, it was found that retired husbands are unlikely to engage in joint work activities more extensively than working husbands. It appeared that retired husbands assumed full responsibility for tasks which working husbands avoided. The absence of a significant difference in negative sentiments by the wives in the two subgroups indicated that the kind of tasks assumed and the lack of joint participation may be forms of role adjustment in retirement.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Augmented Cell Survival in Eutopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis: Expression of C-myc, Tgf-beta1 and Bax Genes

Background: Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. The fragments in normal menstruation are composed of necrotic and living cells, which do not survive in ectopic locations because of programmed cell death. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is changed in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle by studying bax (pro-apoptotic), c-myc (regulator of cell cycle) and TGF-beta1 (involved in cell differentiation) genes.
Variability in Bimanual Coordination across the Continuum of Handedness

ii List of Tables . vi Definitions . ix Introduction . 1 Literature Review . 4 Clinical Relevance . 4 Behavioral Findings in Coordination . 5 Handedness . 10 Functional Neuroscience of Coordination . 13 Developmental Neuroscience . 18 Musical and Athletic Experience . 20 Assessing Handedness . 22 Aims of the Proposed Study . 26 Research Design and Methodology . 28 Participants . 28 Procedure . 29 Measures . 29 Questionnaire. 29 Handedness Inventories. 29 HANDEDNESS AND BIMANUAL MOTOR COORDINATION iv Tapping Paradigm. 32 Data Analysis . 33 Results . 36 Missing Data . 36 Descriptive Statistics . 36 Bimanual Advantage . 37 Hypothesis 1a . 37 Hypothesis 1b. 39 Coordination and Handedness . 41 Hypothesis 2a and 2b: . 41 EHI Categorical Analysis. 43 The Handedness Inventory Categorical Analysis. 53 Coordination and Musical/Athletic Experience . 62 Hypothesis 3a and 3b. 62 Discussion . 66 Hypothesis 1 . 66 Hypothesis 2 . 68 Hypothesis 3 . 73 Limitations . 75 Future Directions . 77 HANDEDNESS AND BIMANUAL MOTOR COORDINATION v Conclusion . 79 References . 80 APPENDIX A . 91 APPENDIX B . 92 APPENDIX C . 94 APPENDIX D . 95 APPENDIX E . 96 APPENDIX F . 97 APPENDIX G . 98 HANDEDNESS AND BIMANUAL MOTOR COORDINATION vi List of Tables Table Page 1. Descriptive Statistics for Edinburgh Handedness Inventory . 37 2. Descriptive Statistics for The Handedness Inventory . 37 3. Descriptive Statistics for Temporal Variability . 38 4. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions . 39 5. Correlation Coefficients for Handedness (Strong Handedness vs. Weak Handedness) and Coordination Measures . 42 6. Correlation Coefficients for Handedness (Extreme Right-Handed vs. Extreme LeftHanded) and Coordination Measures . 43 7. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for Strong-Handed Participants (EHI) . 45 8. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions for Strong-Handed Participants (EHI) . 45 9. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for Weak-Handed Group (EHI) . 46 10. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions for Weak-Handed/Ambidextrous Group (EHI) . 47 11. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for Strong Right-Handed Group (EHI) . 48 12. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions for Strong Right-Handed Group (EHI) . 49 13. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for Strong Left Handed HANDEDNESS AND BIMANUAL MOTOR COORDINATION vii Participants (EHI) . 50 14. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions for Strong Left-Handed Participants (EHI) . 50 15. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for the Combined Strong Left-Handed and Weak-Handed Participants (EHI) . 52 16. Post Hoc (LSD) Analysis of Variability Between Experimental Conditions for the Strong Left-Handed and Weak-Handed Participants (EHI) . 53 17. Descriptive Statistics of Temporal Variability (ms.) for the Strong-Handed Participants (The Handedness Inventory) .
Relative inversion and non-verb-initial imperatives in Early Modern Swedish

This article deals with two syntactic differences between Present-Day Swedish (PDSw) and Early Modern Swedish (EMSw): first, only EMSw allows VS and XVS word order to occur in relative clauses; second, only EMSw permits non-verb-initial imperatives. One structural difference between the varieties is assumed to be a prerequisite for all these word order differences: the subject position was spec-TP in EMSw but is spec-FinP in PDSw. Only the lower position (spec-TP) is compatible with inversion (VS) and fronting of non-subjects (XVS) in relative clauses as well as with imperative clauses having elements other than the imperative verb in the initial position. To be able to account for the latter phenomenon, however, an additional assumption is needed: the imperative type-feature, [imp], always accompanies the verb in PDSw but is tied to an operator in EMSw. The first assumption about differing subject positions is independently motivated by findings already in the previous literature. The second assumption about the differing behaviour of [imp] in the two varieties is supported by the distribution of imperative verbs over a wider range of syntactic contexts in EMSw than in PDSw.
Multigene-Based Analyses of the Phylogenetic Evolution of Oligotrich Ciliates, with Consideration of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Secondary Structure of Three Systematically Ambiguous Genera

ABSTRACT Oligotrichs are ciliates of great abundance, but their molecular systematics are rarely studied. In this study, nine species representing three genera (Strombidium, Novistrombidium, and Omegastrombidium) of marine oligotrich ciliates were collected from coastal waters of China. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of two species and the internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) for all nine species were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic trees using both the SSU rRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences were generated. In addition, the secondary structures of ITS2 RNA transcripts of 11 taxa representing four genera (Novistrombidium, Strombidium, Omegastrombidium, and Laboea) were investigated. The phylogenetic analyses show that (i) the family Strombidiidae is polyphyletic, (ii) the genus Novistrombidium is probably paraphyletic, containing at least two subclades, which is consistent with recent cladistic analyses based on morphological data, and (iii) the tail-less genus Laboea is separate from other genera of Strombidiidae, clustering instead with the tontoniids. Comparisons of the secondary structure of ITS2 regions also show that Laboea is clearly different from other strombidiids. These findings cast doubt on the monophyly of the family Strombidiidae.
Antiangiogenesis in haematological malignancies

Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillary blood vessels, is a central regulator of cancer growth, and a validated target for cancer therapy. The antiangiogenic agents in clinical use target one or more cellular pathways involved in the cascade of vascular growth. In haematological malignancies, angiogenesis occurs within a bone marrow ecosystem comprised of closely apposed malignant cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, dendritic cells, and extracellular matrix. Inhibition of angiogenesis therefore blocks not only the delivery of oxygen and micronutrients to cancer cells, but also disrupts the interdependency of these cellular players and the paracrine effects they exert to maintain the malignant phenotype. Agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and bevacizumab, have demonstrated clinical activity in myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukaemias. In leukaemia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is emerging as a compelling biological target for therapy, as well as a potential predictive marker for disease relapse. Initial clinical studies suggest that the anti‐VEGF strategies may advance the primary, sequential or adjunctive treatment for leukaemia, and establish the basis for other potential antiangiogenic strategies in haematological malignancies.
A prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled study of human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (Dermagraft) in patients with venous leg ulcers

This was an open‐label, prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (HFDS) plus four‐layer compression therapy compared with compression therapy alone in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. The primary outcome variable was the proportion of patients with completely healed study ulcers by 12 weeks. The number healed was further summarised by ulcer duration and baseline ulcer size. Sixty‐four (34%) of 186 patients in the HFDS group experienced healing by week 12 compared with 56 (31%) of 180 patients in the control group (P = 0·235). For ulcers ≤ 12 months duration, 49 (52%) of 94 patients in the HFDS group versus 36 (37%) of 97 patients in the control group healed at 12 weeks (P = 0·029). For ulcers ≤ 10 cm2, complete healing at week 12 was observed in 55 (47%) of 117 patients in the HFDS group compared with 47 (39%) of 120 patients in the control group (P = 0·223). The most common adverse events (AEs) were wound infection, cellulitis and skin ulcer. The frequency of AEs did not markedly differ between the treatment and control groups.
The Angular Gyrus in Developmental Dyslexia: Task-Specific Differences in Functional Connectivity Within Posterior Cortex

Converging evidence from neuroimaging studies of developmental dyslexia reveals dysfunction at posterior brain regions centered in and around the angular gyrus in the left hemisphere. We examined functional connectivity (covariance) between the angular gyrus and related occipital and temporal lobe sites, across a series of print tasks that systematically varied demands on phonological assembly. Results indicate that for dyslexic readers a disruption in functional connectivity in the language-dominant left hemisphere is confined to those tasks that make explicit demands on assembly. In contrast, on print tasks that do not require phonological assembly, functional connectivity is strong for both dyslexic and nonimpaired readers. The findings support the view that neurobiological anomalies in developmental dyslexia are largely confined to the phonological-processing domain. In addition, the findings suggest that right-hemisphere posterior regions serve a compensatory role in mediating phonological performance in dyslexic readers.
Effect of Explosive Resistance Training on Titin and Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Trained Subjects

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate changes in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and titin isoforms after using various loads during explosive jump squat training. Twenty-four male athletic subjects were recruited for this study. Two experimental groups performed 8-weeks of jump squats using either 30% (n = 9) or 80% (n = 9) of their previously determined 1 repetition maximum. A third group served as controls (n = 6). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 8 weeks from vastus lateralis. The analysis of titin within these subjects confirmed that human skeletal muscle contains 2 isoforms of titin. There was no significant group × time interaction for MyHC or titin isoform expression. The data from this investigation indicates that a relatively short period of explosive resistance training results in negligible changes in the expression of MyHC or titin isoforms.
Little Voice: Students' Confidence and Their Responses in English Lessons ∗

In this paper, I shall discuss how students’ confidence is reflected in their verbal and non-verbal responses to teachers’ questions and in their classroom behaviour. The discussion will be based on qualitative data gathered in several junior secondary classes in Hong Kong that had participated in a three-year case study. The findings indicate that students’ confidence (influenced by limited English proficiency and the type of questions asked) affects their classroom responses, verbal or otherwise. To cope with teachers’ questions as well as other activities in the English lessons, students develop a number of strategies, such as remaining silent, checking answers with peers and teachers, and speaking softly. The study suggests that it is important for teachers to develop ways to teach their students as individuals who possess a diverse range of confidence levels as well as language needs and abilities. The paper concludes by suggesting ways of enhancing students’ confidence in English learning experience. Since the introduction of the communicative approach in the 1970s and 1980s, oral participation in English lessons has become more important. Some students are unwilling to join in language learning activities or to speak out. While a number of reasons have been suggested, studies show that there
Effective temperatures in simple non-mean-field systems

We give a brief review of violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) in out-of-equilibrium systems; in mean field scenarios the corresponding fluctuation-dissipation (FD) plots can, in the limit of long times, be used to define a effective temperature Teff that shares many properties of the true thermodynamic temperature T. We discuss carefully how correlation and response functions need to be represented to obtain meaningful limiting FD plots in non-mean field systems. A minimum requirement on the resulting effective temperatures is that they should be independent of the observable whose correlator and response are being considered; we show for two simple models with glassy dynamics (Bouchaud's trap model and the Glauber-Ising chain at zero temperature) that this is generically not the case. Consequences for the wider applicability of effective temperatures derived from FD relations are discussed; one intriguing possibility is that at least the limit of the FDT violation factor for well separated times may generically be observable-independent and so could yield a meaningful Teff.
Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between ADHD and affective problems in early childhood—A Swedish population‐based twin study

Few twin studies have explored the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and affective problems, and no study has focused on preschool children. We used the classical twin design to explore the genetic and environmental overlap between ADHD symptoms and affective problems in preschool children, based on 879 five‐year‐old twin pairs born in Sweden 2004–2005. Questionnaire‐based parent‐ratings were used to measure ADHD symptoms and affective problems. A bivariate twin design was used to decompose variance in ADHD and affective problems into genetic and environmental components, and to test the degree to which these components overlapped across the two traits. Our results showed that there was a significant correlation of 0.34 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.29–0.38) between ADHD and affective problems. This correlation was mostly explained by additive genetic factors (64%, 95%CI 37–93%), and to a lesser extent by shared environmental factors (35%, 95%CI 10–59%). Nonshared environmental factors did not contribute to the correlation between ADHD and affective problems (0%, 95%CI −9 to 10%). These findings show that there is a significant association between ADHD and affective problems in preschool children that is mostly explained by genetic influences. This adds important knowledge about the etiology of both ADHD and affective problems by indicating that these phenotypes are linked from as early as preschool years. This also needs to be taken into consideration when diagnosing young children and clinicians should consider assessing both affective problems and ADHD if one is present.
Low-dose liquorice ingestion resulting in severe hypokalaemic paraparesis, rhabdomyolysis and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

In daily practice hypokalaemia is frequently observed. It can be accompanied by various adverse events and can even be life threatening. Frequent causes are intestinal and urinary loss, i.e. diarrhoea or use of diuretics. Glycyrrhizin-containing substances, such as liquorice, are a well-known but rare cause of hypokalaemia. They can induce an apparent mineralocorticoid excess-like syndrome, often accompanied by hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, sodium retention and renal potassium wasting [1]. We will discuss a case of liquorice-induced hypokalaemia causing serious electrolyte disorders and severe clinical symptoms.
Effect of Tanner stage on proprioception accuracy.

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to compare the proprioceptive accuracy in the dominant and nondominant lower extremities between early and late stages of adolescence in boys. Participants displaying sexual development consistent with Tanner stages I or II were included in the early adolescent group, and those displaying development consistent with Tanner Stages IV or V were included in the late adolescent group. Proprioception was evaluated using the following 4 tests: one-leg-standing test, a single-limb-hopping test, an active angle-reproduction test, and a passive angle-reproduction test. There were statistically significant differences between the early and late stages of adolescence in nondominant ankles with regard to this single-limb-standing test. There were no statistically significant differences between the early and late adolescent stages, and between dominant and nondominant extremities with regard to the single-limb-hopping test. There were no statistically significant differences between early and late adolescent stages with regard to passive and active ankle plantar- and dorsiflexion position reproduction. Based on these findings, we concluded that sexual maturation categorized by Tanner stage does not affect proprioceptive ability in adolescent individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This method, as a clinical assessment of detecting deficits in neuromuscular control examined by foot and ankle surgeons and a rehabilitation technique to treat functional instability of the ankle used by physical therapists, might be applied to adolescents. Therefore, clinicians may obtain reliable information from the functional test battery during the assessment of ankle joint performance in adolescents.
Author ' s personal copy Trypanosoma cruzi calmodulin : Cloning , expression and characterization

We have cloned and expressed calmodulin (CaM) from Trypanosoma cruzi, for the first time, to obtain large amounts of protein. CaM is a very well conserved protein throughout evolution, sharing 100% amino acid sequence identity between different vertebrates and 99% between trypanosomatids. However, there is 89% amino acid sequence identity between T. cruzi and vertebrate CaMs. The results demonstrate significant differences between calmodulin from T. cruzi and mammals. First, a polyclonal antibody developed in an egg-yolk system to the T. cruzi CaM recognizes the autologous CaM but not the CaM from rat. Second, it undergoes a larger increase in the a-helix content upon binding with Ca, when compared to CaM from vertebrates. Finally, two classic CaM antagonists, calmidazolium and trifluoperazine, capable of inhibiting the action of CaM in mammals when assayed on the plasma membrane Ca pump, showed a significant loss of activity when assayed upon stimulation with the T. cruzi CaM. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Semantics-Based Dynamic Web Service Composition

This paper presents a semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture that composes an application through combining distributed components based on the semantics of the components. This architecture consists of a component model called Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS), a middleware called Component Runtime Environment (CoRE), and a service composition mechanism called Semantic Graph based Service Composition (SeGSeC). CoSMoS represents the semantics of components. CoRE provides interfaces to discover and access components modeled by CoSMoS. SeGSeC composes an application by discovering components through CoRE, and synthesizing a workflow of the application based on the semantics of the components modeled by CoSMoS. This paper describes the latest design of the semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture, and also illustrates the implementation of the architecture based on the Web Service standards, i.e. WSDL, RDF, SOAP, and UDDI. The Web Service based implementation of the architecture allows existing Web Services to migrate onto the architecture without reimplementation. It also simplifies the development and deployment of a new Web Service on the architecture by automatically generating the necessary description files (i.e. WSDL and RDF files) of the Web Service from its runtime binary (i.e. a Java class file).