Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of triceps surae fatigue on the torque and electromyographic parameters in athletes compared with non-athletes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The common description of muscular fatigue is the failure of muscle in maintaining a target force. Even in sustained contraction, when muscle force is held at a stable level, physiological, biomechanical and electromyographic changes can occur. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of triceps surae (TS) fatigue on the torque, falling slope and electromyographic (EMG) parameters between athletes and non-athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen healthy women (10 non-athletes and 9 basketball players) participated in this study. After warm-up, subjects performed one maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by fatigue test including sustained maximum isometric contraction of TS until the peak torque (PT) decreased to 50% of maximum value. Immediately after the test, subjects were asked to perform one MVC; then, root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MDF), median frequency slope (MDF slope), PT, falling slope (FSL) and the amount of pain were measured. RESULTS In both groups shift of MDF slope to negative values, significant decrease of MDF and RMS occurred at the end of the fatigue test (P < 0.05). Immediately after the test, PT decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05), however, decrease of FSL was significant in non-athletes (P < 0.05) but not in athletes. After fatigue test, increase in Pain was significant in both groups (P < 0.05). Before fatigue test, at the end, and immediately after the test, MDF of non-athletes was more than athletes. There was no significant difference in RMS between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TS fatigue affects EMG parameters, PT and pain in athletes and non-athletes similarly.
Efficient Spectral Feature Selection with Minimum Redundancy

Spectral feature selection identifies relevant features by measuring their capability of preserving sample similarity. It provides a powerful framework for both supervised and unsupervised feature selection, and has been proven to be effective in many real-world applications. One common drawback associated with most existing spectral feature selection algorithms is that they evaluate features individually and cannot identify redundant features. Since redundant features can have significant adverse effect on learning performance, it is necessary to address this limitation for spectral feature selection. To this end, we propose a novel spectral feature selection algorithm to handle feature redundancy, adopting an embedded model. The algorithm is derived from a formulation based on a sparse multi-output regression with a L2,1-norm constraint. We conduct theoretical analysis on the properties of its optimal solutions, paving the way for designing an efficient path-following solver. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm can do well in both selecting relevant features and removing redundancy.
Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Role of Interaction in Information Visualization

Even though interaction is an important part of information visualization (Infovis), it has garnered a relatively low level of attention from the Infovis community. A few frameworks and taxonomies of Infovis interaction techniques exist, but they typically focus on low-level operations and do not address the variety of benefits interaction provides. After conducting an extensive review of Infovis systems and their interactive capabilities, we propose seven general categories of interaction techniques widely used in Infovis: 1) Select, 2) Explore, 3) Reconfigure, 4) Encode, 5) Abstract/Elaborate, 6) Filter, and 7) Connect. These categories are organized around a user's intent while interacting with a system rather than the low-level interaction techniques provided by a system. The categories can act as a framework to help discuss and evaluate interaction techniques and hopefully lay an initial foundation toward a deeper understanding and a science of interaction.
A social portrait of people of working age in Ireland.

The social portrait of people of working age is the third in a series that was commissioned by the Office for Social Inclusion from the Economic and Social Research Institute. The portrait provides a statistical description and analysis of people of working age in Ireland today, with a particular focus on groups at risk of poverty and social exclusion, including one-parent households, the long-term unemployed and the ‘working poor’. It is designed to be read by a wide audience, including members of the general public.
Hardness of Finding Independent Sets in Almost q-Colorable Graphs

We show that for any ε >; 0, and positive integers k and q such that q ≥ 2<sup>k</sup> + 1, given a graph on N vertices that has a q-colorable induced subgraph of (1 - ε)N vertices, it is NP-hard to find an independent set of N/q<sup>k+1</sup> vertices. This substantially improves upon the work of Dinur et al. [1] who gave a corresponding bound of N/q<sup>2</sup>. Our result implies that for any positive integer k, given a graph that has an independent set of ≈ (2<sup>k</sup> + 1)<sup>-1</sup> fraction of vertices, it is NP-hard to find an independent set of (2<sup>k</sup> + 1)<sup>-(k+1)</sup> fraction of vertices. This improves on the previous work of Engebretsen and Holmerin [2] who proved a gap of ≈ 2<sup>-k</sup> vs 2<sup>-(k:2)</sup>, which is best possible using techniques (including those of [2]) based on the query efficient PCP of Samorodnitsky and Trevisan [3].
A quantum diffusion network

Wong's diffusion network is a stochastic, zero-input Hopfield network with a Gibbs stationary distribution over a bounded, connected continuum. Previously, logarithmic thermal annealing was demonstrated for the diffusion network and digital versions of it were studied and applied to imaging. Recently, "quantum" annealed Markov chains have garnered significant attention because of their improved performance over "pure" thermal annealing. In this note, a joint quantum and thermal version of Wong's diffusion network is described and its convergence properties are studied. Different choices for "auxiliary" functions are discussed, including those of the kinetic type previously associated with quantum annealing.
Integrating pattern with process at biogeographic boundaries: the legacy of Wallace

Biogeography is a vital discipline today because ofits extraordinarily integrative nature, drawing from andinforming biological and Earth sciences in order to explainthe history and future of life on our planet. Yet, even aswe continue to build more sophisticated syntheses usingmolecular genetics, GIS-based distribution modelling, andever-better analytical and visualizing approaches, we shouldrecall that exploring causal connections between biologicaland Earth history is not a particularly new endeavor. Forexample, the biogeographic principles advocated in the late1800s by Alfred Russel Wallace (see Box 2.1 in Lomolinoet al. 2006) were infused with ideas associating distribu-tional and diversification histories of organisms with geo-logy and climate. But even a century before Wallace, in1761 Compte de Buffon had recognized the differencesbetween mammals in the New World and Old Worldtropics and proposed a rudimentary evolutionary causationfor their divergence and distribution based on separationof formerly united continents.Certainly, de Buffon and Wallace were not alone duringtheir times in describing the non-random distributionsof animals and plants, exploring causal explanations (seecontributions reproduced in the ‘‘Early Classics’’ section ofLomolino et al. 2004), and recognizing regions of rapidtransition between geographically distinct biotas. Wallacestood out, however, in the magnitude and synthetic natureof his focus on a single biogeographic boundary. Afterspending eight years exploring the mosaic of islands that laybetween southeast Asia and New Guinea/Australia, Wallaceconcluded that ‘‘. we may consider it established that theStrait of Lombock (only 15 miles wide) marks the limitsand abruptly separates two of the great zoological regions ofthe world’’ (Wallace 1860, pp. 173 (Wallace 1876 v. I, p. 389). 174). He called thisregion the Malay Archipelago and it includes the mostfamous biogeographic transition of all, named Wallace’sLine by T. H. Huxley in 1868.The four papers in this Special Feature were firstpresented in January 2009 in the ‘‘Patterns and Processesat Biogeographic Boundaries’’ symposium convened at the4th Biennial Meeting of the International BiogeographySociety in Me´rida, Me´xico. Here, we develop a back-ground to these papers (Cody et al. 2010, Daza et al.2010, Morrone 2010, Smith and Klicka 2010) by summar-izing several highlights in the historical focus of biogeo-graphers on boundaries.
Association of Violence Against Partner and Former Victim Experiences: A Sample of Clients Voluntarily Attending Therapy

The authors addressed the associations between childhood and adolescence victimization and partner violence in adulthood. Data were collected on 480 men voluntarily attending therapy with a semistructured interview that assessed (a) violent behavior, categorized as physical violence, physical controlling behavior, property violence, psychologically controlling behavior, psychological degradation, indirect aggression, or sexual violence and (b) victim experiences during childhood or adolescence, categorized as physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or exposure to violence between family members. Prior victim experiences of family violence were reported by 60% of participants. Regression analyses showed that past victim experiences, especially physical abuse, was associated with adult violence (p < .05). Specifically, physical abuse was associated with psychologically controlling behavior (p < .05) and sexual abuse with sexual violence (p < .05).
Hepatitis C virus infection--its role in pathogenesis.

a familial risk factor promoting premature death that is independent of the pathogenicity of HCV. To explore this hypothesis, they identified 437 siblings of HIV/ HCV-coinfected patients, whom they compared with 1856 siblings of HIV-monoinfected patients and 285,509 siblings of matched uninfected control subjects. Importantly, they found a significantly higher mortality among siblings of HIV/HCVcoinfected patients than among siblings of HIV-monoinfected patients or of control subjects, and they concluded that HCV infection might merely be a marker for disadvantageous familial factors independent of the pathoge icity of HCV [2]. HCV was discovered in a search for an
Health Service Impact from Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Background During a mass gathering, some participants may receive health care for injuries or illnesses that occur during the event. In-event first responders provide initial assessment and management at the event. However, when further definitive care is required, municipal ambulance services provide additional assessment, treatment, and transport of participants to acute care settings, such as hospitals. The impact on both ambulance services and hospitals from mass-gathering events is the focus of this literature review. Aim This literature review aimed to develop an understanding of the impact of mass gatherings on local health services, specifically pertaining to in-event and external health services. Method This research used a systematic literature review methodology. Electronic databases were searched to find articles related to the aim of the review. Articles focused on mass-gathering health, provision of in-event health services, ambulance service transportation, and hospital utilization. Results Twenty-four studies were identified for inclusion in this review. These studies were all case-study-based and retrospective in design. The majority of studies (n=23) provided details of in-event first responder services. There was variation noted in reporting of the number and type of in-event health professional services at mass gatherings. All articles reported that patients were transported to hospital by the ambulance service. Only nine articles reported on patients presenting to hospital. However, details pertaining to the impact on ambulance and hospital services were not reported. Conclusions There is minimal research focusing on the impact of mass gatherings on in-event and external health services, such as ambulance services and hospitals. A recommendation for future mass-gathering research and evaluation is to link patient-level data from in-event mass gatherings to external health services. This type of study design would provide information regarding the impact on health services from a mass gathering to more accurately inform future health planning for mass gatherings across the health care continuum. RanseJ, HuttonA, KeeneT, LensonS, LutherM, BostN, JohnstonANB, CrillyJ, CannonM, JonesN, HayesC, BurkeB. Health service impact from mass gatherings: a systematic literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):71–77.
Training Skinny Deep Neural Networks with Iterative Hard Thresholding Methods

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of practical problems. However, due to the inherent large parameter space, deep models are notoriously prone to overfitting and difficult to be deployed in portable devices with limited memory. In this paper, we propose an iterative hard thresholding (IHT) approach to train Skinny Deep Neural Networks (SDNNs). An SDNN has much fewer parameters yet can achieve competitive or even better performance than its full CNN counterpart. More concretely, the IHT approach trains an SDNN through following two alternative phases: (I) perform hard thresholding to drop connections with small activations and fine-tune the other significant filters; (II)~re-activate the frozen connections and train the entire network to improve its overall discriminative capability. We verify the superiority of SDNNs in terms of efficiency and classification performance on four benchmark object recognition datasets, including CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, MNIST and ImageNet. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that IHT can be applied for training SDNN based on various CNN architectures such as NIN and AlexNet.
Immune signature profiling identified predictive and prognostic factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT Understanding interactions between tumor and the host immune system holds great promise to uncover biomarkers for targeted therapies and clinical outcomes. However, systematical analysis of immune signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unstudied. In this study, immune signatures containing 708 immune related genes were curated from mRNA microarray data with tumor and paired normal tissues from 119 ESCC patients. Differential expression and survival analysis were performed with validations from Human Protein Atlas and an independent cohort of 110 ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry staining. We identified a total of 186 significantly dysregulated genes in ESCC, including downregulated genes SPINK5, IL1RN and upregulated genes SPP1 and PLAU, which were further confirmed in Human Protein Atlas data. Moreover, nine immune related genes (ABL1, ATF2, ATG5, C6, CD38, HMGB1, ICOSLG, IL12RB2 and PLAU) were significantly associated with patients' overall survival, among which, prognostic model was built including three independent factors ABL1, CD38 and ICOSLG. Validation by immunohistochemistry staining suggested that combination with tumor infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes would yield higher performance in distinguishing cases as high or low risk of unfavorable prognosis. In summary, we profiled the immune status in ESCC and established predictive and prognostic factors for ESCC, which could reflect immune disorders within tumor microenvironments and independently distinguish patients with a high risk of reduced survival, providing novel predictive and therapeutic targets for ESCC patients in the future.
Total mercury, methylmercury and ethylmercury in marine fish and marine fishery products sold in Seoul, Korea

In 2009, a survey of 177 samples of fish and fishery products from the markets in Seoul was carried out to investigate total mercury and organic mercury (methylmercury) concentrations and to establish a correlation, if any, between total and organic mercury levels. Concentrations of total and organic mercury in canned tuna ranged 0.001–2.581 and 0.003–1.307 mg/kg, respectively; those for fish, such as cod or salmon, ranged 0.012–2.529 and 0.021–0.507 mg/kg, respectively. Ethylmercury was not detected. More than 50% of total mercury in the samples existed as organic mercury. The correlation coefficients (r 2) between total mercury and methylmercury concentrations of fish and fishery products found to have methylmercury were 0.844 and 0.976, respectively, which was statistically significant. There was a higher correlation in fishery products than in fish. Although there was no product in which mercury exceeded the standard set by the Food Code in 2008, with the exception of marlin steak, a processed food, which contained 1.307 mg/kg methylmercury. None exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for mercury. Collectively, the results indicate that fish or fishery products marketed in Seoul, with the exception of marlin, have low levels of total or organic mercury and, thus, intake of these products is not a risk to public health.
An all-digital ADC/TDC for sensor interface with TAD architecture in 0.18-µm digital CMOS

An analog-to-digital and time-to-digital converter using a common architecture (Time A/D converter TAD) is presented. Its resolutions for both analog-to-digital converter (ADC) mode and time-to-digital converter (TDC) mode are settable. The circuit structure is a completely digital circuit including a ring-shaped pulse-delay-line (RDL) driven by an input voltage Vin, along with an RDL synchronous counter, latch, and encoder. A prototype TAD-IC core of 0.044 mm2 in a 0.18-µm digital CMOS achieved 3.1 mV/LSB (8-bit, 20-MS/s, 1.7 mW), 15 µV/LSB (16-bit, 100-kS/s, 1.3 mW) in ADC mode, and 126 ps/LSB (Vin = 1.8 V, 25-bit), 368 ps/LSB (Vin = 1.0 V, 25-bit) in TDC mode, respectively. As an actual example of high-resolution ADC, a radio-controlled clock (RCC) receiver IC prototype is implemented with a minimum detectable sensitivity of 0.7 µVrms.
Development of a High-Volume Concentrated Ambient Particles System (CAPS) for Human and Animal Inhalation Toxicological Studies

A two-stage, high-volume, ambient particle concentrator was developed and characterized. This versatile system, depending on its operational parameters, can be used to fractionate and concentrate particles in three size ranges (PM 10-2.5, PM 10-1, PM 2.5-1) . The performance of this concentrated ambient particle system (CAPS), as well as its individual virtual impaction stages, was investigated as a function of several parameters, including minor-to-total flow ratios and acceleration nozzle Reynolds number. During these laboratory tests, performance parameters such as concentration enrichment factor (CF), particle losses, collection efficiency curves, cutpoint, and pressure drop were measured. The main objective of these investigations was to optimize the ability of the system to concentrate ambient PM 2.5-10 and PM 1-10 particles. PM 2.5-10 particles were concentrated by a factor of 70 to 150. The flow rate of the concentrated aerosol can range between 12.5 and 50 LPM (L/min). Other features of the system include relatively low-pressure drops in the major and minor flows, low particle losses, and a compact design. Performance evaluation of the system also confirmed that separation and concentration of the PM 2.5-10 particles occurred without any significant distortion of the size distribution, during the concentration process. Similar results were obtained for the PM 1-10 size range. For this size range, concentration enrichment was 70 times, and again, no particle size distribution distortion was observed. The overall performance of this versatile system makes it suitable for inhalation toxicological studies.
Border Collision bifurcations in 1D PWL Map with One Discontinuity and Negative Jump: Use of the First Return Map

The aim of this work is to study discontinuous one-dimensional maps in the case of slopes and offsets having opposite signs. Such models represent the dynamics of applied systems in several disciplines. We analyze in particular attracting cycles, their border collision bifurcations and the properties of the periodicity regions in the parameter space. The peculiarity of this family is that we can make use of the technical instrument of the first return map. With this, we can rigorously prove properties which were known numerically, as well as prove new ones, giving a complete characterization of the overlapping periodicity regions.
The disengagement of visual attention in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal eye-tracking study

Introduction: Eye tracking provides a convenient and promising biological marker of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Here we report a longitudinal study of saccadic eye movements in a sample of patients with Alzheimer's disease and elderly control participants who were assessed at the start of the study and followed up 12-months later. Methods: Eye movements were measured in the standard gap and overlap paradigms, to examine the longitudinal trends in the ability to disengage attention from a visual target. Results: Overall patients with Alzheimer's disease had slower reaction times than the control group. However, after 12-months, both groups showed faster and comparable reductions in reaction times to the gap, compared to the overlap stimulus. Interestingly, there was a general improvement for both groups with more accurately directed saccades and speeding of reaction times after 12-months. Conclusions: These findings point to the value of longer-term studies and follow-up assessment to ascertain the effects of dementia on oculomotor control.
High relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants

The control of cheating is important for understanding major transitions in evolution, from the simplest genes to the most complex societies. Cooperative systems can be ruined if cheaters that lower group productivity are able to spread. Kin-selection theory predicts that high genetic relatedness can limit cheating, because separation of cheaters and cooperators limits opportunities to cheat and promotes selection against low-fitness groups of cheaters. Here, we confirm this prediction for the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum; relatedness in natural wild groups is so high that socially destructive cheaters should not spread. We illustrate in the laboratory how high relatedness can control a mutant that would destroy cooperation at low relatedness. Finally, we demonstrate that, as predicted, mutant cheaters do not normally harm cooperation in a natural population. Our findings show how altruism is preserved from the disruptive effects of such mutant cheaters and how exceptionally high relatedness among cells is important in promoting the cooperation that underlies multicellular development.