Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review

Liver cancer is the second leading worldwide cause of cancer-associated mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for the majority of liver tumors, ranks fifth among types of human cancer. Well-established risk factors for liver cancer include the hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxins, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives. Tobacco smoking, androgenic steroids, and diabetes mellitus are suspected risk factors. Current knowledge regarding non-infective occupational risk factors for liver cancer is inconclusive. The relevance of liver disorders to occupational medicine lies in the fact that the majority of chemicals are metabolized in the liver, and toxic metabolites generated via metabolism are the predominant cause of liver damage. However, their non-specific clinical manifestations that are similar in a number of liver diseases make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, concomitant conditions, such as viral hepatitis and alcohol or drug abuse, may mask liver disorders that result from occupational hepatotoxic agents and block the demonstration of an occupational cause. The identification of environmental agents that result in human cancer is a long and often difficult process. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC, to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
Antepartum bed rest: effect upon the family.

OBJECTIVE To identify the effects of antepartum bed rest upon the family. DESIGN Descriptive, retrospective survey. PARTICIPANTS A national random selection of 89 women who had been prescribed antepartum bed rest in the hospital or at home and who contacted a high-risk pregnancy support group for information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE An open-ended questionnaire. RESULTS Families experienced difficulty assuming maternal responsibilities, anxiety about maternalfetal outcomes, and adverse emotional effects on the children. Child care was managed by various people across time. Child care problems included negative reactions from the children, concern about the quality of the provider, and maternal worry about care. Families also experienced financial difficulties, the majority of which were not compensated by insurance or work benefits. Almost all, 96.6%, families received some type of support during bed rest. Instrumental support was the most commonly received; however, emotional support was considered the most helpful. The least helpful type of support was that which was unreliable. The primary providers of support to the family were parents and family, followed by friends. The women reported that health care providers offered minimal support to the family. CONCLUSION Despite support, antepartum bed rest creates difficulties that affect the entire family and its finances.
Exploring the Teaching of Discourse Intonation

The first part of this paper outlines a study conducted in Malaysia to investigate whether a systematic teaching of intonation would increase learners' awareness of its role in discourse. Two upper secondary classes of similar proficiency were selected for this purpose. The second part gives a detailed description of interesting intonation features in the data and discusses implications for teaching intonation in schools.
Leave a Comment! An In-Depth Analysis of User Comments on YouTube

User comments are the most popular but also extremely controversial form of communication on YouTube. Their public image is very poor; users generally expect that most comments will be of little value or even in thorough- ly bad taste. Nevertheless, heaps of comments continue to be posted every day. We propose an explanation for this contradiction in user attitudes and behaviour based on a new comment classification approach which captures salient aspects of YouTube comments. We show that, based on our new classification, we are able to perform very fast lightweight semantic video analysis. In addition, our results indicate that users' video perceptions (Likes and Dislikes) are indeed in- fluenced by the dispersion of valuable and inferior comments.
Transient axonal glycoprotein-1 induces apoptosis-related gene expression without triggering apoptosis in U251 glioma cells

Previous studies show that transient axonal glycoprotein-1, a ligand of amyloid precursor protein, increases the secretion of amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain and is involved in apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we examined the effects of transient axonal glycoprotein-1 on U251 glioma cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that transient axonal glycoprotein-1 did not inhibit the proliferation of U251 cells, but promoted cell viability. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that transient axonal glycoprotein-1 did not induce U251 cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR revealed that transient axonal glycoprotein-1 substantially upregulated levels of amyloid precursor protein intracellular C-terminal domain, and p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA expression. Thus, transient axonal glycoprotein-1 increased apoptosis-related gene expression in U251 cells without inducing apoptosis. Instead, transient axonal glycoprotein-1 promoted the proliferation of these glioma cells.
Nothing Succeeds Like Moderation: A Social Self-Regulation Perspective on Cultural Dissimilarity and Performance

Addressing inconsistencies in relational demography research, we examine the relationship between cultural dissimilarity and individual performance through the lens of social self-regulation theory, which extends the social identity perspective in relational demography with the analysis of social self-regulation. We propose that social self-regulation in culturally diverse teams manifests itself as performance monitoring (i.e., individuals' actions to meet team performance standards and peer expectations). Contingent on the status associated with individuals' cultural background, performance monitoring is proposed to have a curvilinear relationship with individual performance and to mediate between cultural dissimilarity and performance. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses of time-lagged data from 316 members of 69 teams confirmed these hypotheses. Cultural dissimilarity had a negative relationship with performance monitoring for high cultural-status members, and a positive relationship for low cultural-status members. Performance monitoring had a curvilinear relationship with individual performance that became decreasingly positive. Cultural dissimilarity thus was increasingly negatively associated with performance for high culturalstatus members, and decreasingly positively for low cultural-status members. These findings suggest that cultural dissimilarity to the team is not unconditionally negative for the individual but, in moderation, may in fact have positive motivational effects.
Differences in Anglo and Asian Australians' explicit and implicit prejudice and the attenuation of their implicit in‐group bias

the study of their attitudes provides unique insight into the nature of prejudice. The current study found that in an Australian context, Asian participants displayed significantly less implicit prejudice and significantly greater explicit prejudice than their Anglo counterparts. This finding provided further evidence of the dissociation of explicit and implicit attitudes, specifically in regard to their predication. In addition, the attenuation of the implicit prejudice of both the Anglo majority and Asian minority group members was investigated. Brief exposure to positive out-group exemplars was found to attenuate the implicit bias of Asian but not Anglo participants, suggesting that this technique may be contingent upon more fundamental prejudice-reducing measures and providing further support that the undermining of implicit biases requires long-term, effortful processes.
Transforming Students' Motivation to Learn

Does this have implications for students' motivation and learning? It certainly does. In my research in collaboration with my graduate students, we have shown that what students believe about their brains — whether they see their intelligence as something that's fixed or something that can grow and change — has profound effects on their motivation, learning, and school achievement (Dweck, 2006). These different beliefs, or mindsets, create different psychological worlds: one in which students are afraid of challenges and devastated by setbacks, and one in which students relish challenges and are resilient in the face of setbacks.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis Prognostic Significance of the Detection of Peripheral Blood CEACAM 5 mRNA-Positive Cells by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Operable Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical relevance of circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells in patients with operable colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 265 patients with operable CRC before the initiation of adjuvant systemic therapy from 96 normal donors and RNA prepared from the Lovo and ARH-77 CRC and leukemic cell lines, respectively, was used as positive and negative controls. The detection of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was done using a real-time PCR assay. The association with known prognostic factors and the effect of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells on patients’ prognosis was investigated. Results: The analytical detection limit of the method was found to correspond to 0.7 Lovo cell equivalence/5 mg RNA, with a sensitivity of 1 tumor cell/10 normal cells and a specificity of 97%. Ninety-eight (37%) patients had detectable circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells. Detection of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was significantly associated with higher relapse rate (P < 0.001), decreased disease-free survival (DFS; P < 0.001), higher death rate (P1⁄4 0.017), and decreasedmedian overall survival (P 1⁄4 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that the detection of circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS [HR 1⁄4 3.4; 95% CI: 2.0–5.9; P < 0.001]. Conclusions: Detection of peripheral blood CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells is an adverse prognostic factor correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with operable CRC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 165–73.
Housing Tenure and Labour Mobility: A Comparison Across European Countries

This paper studies housing tenure and labour mobility using individual data from the ECHP for five European countries. First, the effect of housing tenure on the unemployed workers' labour mobility is studied using a discrete unemployment duration model with two alternative exits to employment, depending on whether they are associated with a residential change or not. Ownership is found to affect geographical mobility negatively. Second, the results are robust to potential endogeneity of the ownership status and institutional differences across countries. Third, post-unemployment wages are studied. We do not find any effects of the unemployment spell duration and the geographical mobility on wages after controlling for the self-selection bias.
Finding the roots of adolescent aggressive behaviour

Aggressive behaviours in adolescence often originate in early development. This study tested three longitudinal pathways starting in early childhood, in a sample of 325 Belgian participants (162 girls) assessed every 1 or 2 years from birth through age 14. Structural equation models supported the “mother early dissatisfaction” pathway toward adolescent aggression, but neither the “cognitive functioning” nor the “early aggressive behaviour” pathway gained clear support. Mother’s early dissatisfaction with her child was the starting point of a series of negative perceptions of the child, which predicted physical and social aggression in adolescence. Children’s cognitive functioning and early aggression level were weakly correlated with mother’s perceptions. This finding suggests that explaining normative development to parents may improve mothers’ perceptions of their early experience as a mother, of their child, and of their subsequent interactions, which may reduce their child’s future aggressive behaviours.
Functional and phenotypic analysis of thymic B cells: role in the induction of T cell negative selection

The phenotype of mouse thymic B cells and their capacity to induce T cell negative selection in vitro were analyzed. Thymic B cells expressed B cell markers such as IgM, Fcγ receptor, CD44, heat‐stable antigen, LFA‐1 and CD40. In addition, they were positive for the activation molecule CD69 and displayed high levels of B7‐2. Although thymic B cells expressed CD5 on their surface, no CD5‐specific mRNA was detected. Moreover, thymic B cells induced a stronger deletion of TCR‐transgenic (TG) thymocytes than splenic B cells, which had low CD69 and B7‐2 levels. Interestingly, CD40‐activated splenic B cells up‐regulated CD69 and B7‐2 and acquired a capacity to induce T cell deletion comparable to that of thymic B cells. Moreover, thymic B cells from CD40‐deficient mice displayed lower CD69 and B7‐2 levels than control thymic B cells, and lower capacity to induce the deletion of TCR TG thymocytes. These results support the hypothesis that CD40‐mediated activation of thymic B cells determines a high efficiency of antigen presentation, suggesting that within the thymus B cells may play an important role in the elimination of autoreactive thymocytes.
Veillonella, Firmicutes: Microbes disguised as Gram negatives

The Firmicutes represent a major component of the intestinal microflora. The intestinal Firmicutes are a large, diverse group of organisms, many of which are poorly characterized due to their anaerobic growth requirements. Although most Firmicutes are Gram positive, members of the class Negativicutes, including the genus Veillonella, stain Gram negative. Veillonella are among the most abundant organisms of the oral and intestinal microflora of animals and humans, in spite of being strict anaerobes. In this work, the genomes of 24 Negativicutes, including eight Veillonella spp. , are compared to 20 other Firmicutes genomes; a further 101 prokaryotic genomes were included, covering 26 phyla. Thus a total of 145 prokaryotic genomes were analyzed by various methods to investigate the apparent conflict of the Veillonella Gram stain and their taxonomic position within the Firmicutes. Comparison of the genome sequences confirms that the Negativicutes are distantly related to Clostridium spp. , based on 16S rRNA, complete genomic DNA sequences, and a consensus tree based on conserved proteins. The genus Veillonella is relatively homogeneous: inter-genus pair-wise comparison identifies at least 1,350 shared proteins, although less than half of these are found in any given Clostridium genome. Only 27 proteins are found conserved in all analyzed prokaryote genomes. Veillonella has distinct metabolic properties, and significant similarities to genomes of Proteobacteria are not detected, with the exception of a shared LPS biosynthesis pathway. The clade within the class Negativicutes to which the genus Veillonella belongs exhibits unique properties, most of which are in common with Gram-positives and some with Gram negatives. They are only distantly related to Clostridia, but are even less closely related to Gram-negative species. Though the Negativicutes stain Gram-negative and possess two membranes, the genome and proteome analysis presented here confirm their place within the (mainly) Gram positive phylum of the Firmicutes. Further studies are required to unveil the evolutionary history of the Veillonella and other Negativicutes.
Understanding the factors that affect surface ultraviolet radiation

Spectral measurements of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been made at several ground-based locations and for more than 10 yr at some sites. These measurements are important for two main rea- sons. First, the measurements combined with results of radiative transfer models contribute toward our understanding of the many complicated radiative transfer processes in the atmosphere and at the Earth's sur- face. These processes include absorption of radiation by atmospheric gases such as ozone and sulfur dioxide, scattering by atmospheric aero- sols and clouds, and scattering from the earth's surface. Knowledge of these processes is required for operational applications such as the es- timation of surface UV radiation from satellite data and the forecasting of the UV index. Also, our ability to estimate UV climatology in the past, as well as in the future, requires thorough knowledge of the UV radiative transfer processes. The second reason for making systematic ground- based measurements of UV radiation is to determine whether long-term changes are occurring as a result of ozone depletion or climate change and to identify specific causes. Examples of how long-term ground- based data records have contributed to our understanding of surface UV radiation are presented. © 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Affective Touch Shapes the Sense of Trustworthiness of Visually Presented Faces

The present study aimed to explore if social judgments are influenced by concomitant somato-sensory stimulation. 40 participants were asked to judge 30 faces for trustworthiness in two different "comfort" conditions in both a between - and a within- subjects paradigm. Faces were presented very briefly and were specifically selected to look: trustworthy, untrustworthy or neutral. Findings suggest an overall higher tendency for participants to evaluate faces as trustworthy in the physically comfortable compared to the uncomfortable condition. Moreover, the increase in trustworthy responses was affected by the type of face, being larger for neutral than for untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. More generally, our findings provide evidence that prior sensory experience can influence unrelated social-emotional evaluations based on first impression. The possible mechanisms underlying this effect are discussed.
Grassroots organizing in the digital age: considering values and technology in Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street

Power dynamics shape, and are shaped by, the tools used by participants in social movements. In this study we explore the values, attitudes, and beliefs of Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street stakeholders as they relate to their use of technology. This multi-method study applies the lens of value sensitive design [VSD; Friedman, B. (Ed.) (1997). Human values and the design of computer technology (vol. 72). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] to examine stakeholder values and sites of value tension. We contextualize our findings with qualitative observation of how these values are reflected in each organization's online spaces, including Facebook, Twitter, and key organizational websites, as well as private spaces such as email. We found liberty, the value most mentioned by Tea Party members, was not reflected in the movement's organizational websites and Facebook pages, where user autonomy is frequently undermined. However, the Occupy value of equality is supported in the movement's web presence. We also found a set of shared central values – privacy and security, inclusion, and consensus – underlying both Tea Party and Occupy's approach to organization and participation. Value tensions around privacy and inclusion emerged for both groups, as some members opted not to use these tools due to security concerns and leaders struggled to adapt their communication strategies accordingly. This study provides insight into the adoption and contestation of different technological tools within grassroots social movements, how those decisions are shaped by core values, and how conflicts over the use of digital tools can result from tension between how different stakeholders prioritize those values.
The Impact of Adult Roles on Drinking Among Women in the United States

This paper examines the impact of three adult roles—spouse, parent, and worker—on psychological distress and drinking among a national sample of 10,193 women in the United States, using the 1992 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). We found that the spouse and worker roles are negatively associated with the level of psychological distress, and the parent role is positively correlated with it. Controlling for level of psychological distress, those workers generally are more likely to be drinkers, but, among drinkers, they do not consume alcoholic beverages more than non-workers. The family roles do not affect a woman's likelihood of being a drinker. However, among the drinkers, being a spouse or a parent is negatively related with level of alcohol consumption. Separating three aspects of drinking behavior—whether a woman drinks at all and, if she drinks, her levels of alcohol consumption and problem drinking—our findings suggest that drinking is not a unidimensional construct. A woman's roles influence various dimensions of her drinking differently.
Functional Analysis of Conserved Gene Products Involved in Assembly of Escherichia coli Capsules and Exopolysaccharides: Evidence for Molecular Recognition between Wza and Wzc for Colanic Acid Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Group 1 capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of Escherichia coli and some loosely cell-associated exopolysaccharides (EPSs), such as colanic acid, are assembled by a Wzy-dependent polymerization system. In this biosynthesis pathway, Wza, Wzb, and Wzc homologues are required for surface expression of wild-type CPS or EPS. Multimeric complexes of Wza in the outer membrane are believed to provide a channel for polymer export; Wzc is an inner membrane tyrosine autokinase and Wzb is its cognate phosphatase. This study was performed to determine whether the Wza, Wzb, and Wzc proteins for colanic acid expression in E. coli K-12 could function in the E. coli K30 prototype group 1 capsule system. When expressed together, colanic acid Wza, Wzb, and Wzc could complement a wza-wzb-wzc defect in E. coli K30, suggesting conservation in their collective function in Wzy-dependent CPS and EPS systems. Expressed individually, colanic acid Wza and Wzb could also function in K30 CPS expression. In contrast, the structural requirements for Wzc function were more stringent because colanic acid Wzc could restore translocation of K30 CPS to the cell surface only when expressed with its cognate Wza protein. Chimeric colanic acid-K30 Wzc proteins were constructed to further study this interaction. These proteins could restore K30 biosynthesis but were unable to couple synthesis to export. The chimeric protein comprising the periplasmic domain of colanic acid Wzc was functional for effective K30 CPS surface expression only when coexpressed with colanic acid Wza. These data highlight the importance of Wza-Wzc interactions in group 1 CPS assembly.