Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational lumped constant for FDG in normal adult male rats.

UNLABELLED We determined an operational value for the lumped constant to be used in measurements of the local rate of cerebral glucose use (lCMR(glc)) with FDG in normal adult male rats. METHODS The standard quantitative autoradiographic method was used with 2-deoxy-d-(14)C-glucose ((14)C-DG) and with (14)C-FDG in awake normal adult male rats. Timed arterial blood samples were drawn for 45 min after the bolus and assayed for plasma glucose and (14)C concentrations. At the end of the 45-min experimental period, the rats were killed, and their brains were removed and divided in half sagittally. One hemisphere was immediately frozen and assayed for local (14)C concentrations by quantitative autoradiography; the other was weighed, homogenized in t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol solution, and assayed for (14)C concentrations in the whole brain by liquid scintillation counting. Paired rats (3 pairs), one in each pair receiving (14)C-DG and the other receiving (14)C-FDG, were studied in parallel on the same day. Additional unpaired animals (n = 8) were studied with either (14)C-DG or (14)C-FDG but not in parallel on the same day. To calculate the lCMR(glc) in rats studied with (14)C-FDG, the rate constants for (14)C-FDG were estimated from the (14)C-DG values determined for rats and the (14)C-FDG/(14)C-DG ratios determined for humans. In all of the rats studied with either (14)C-DG or (14)C-FDG, the lCMR(glc) was first calculated in 12 representative brain structures with the lumped constant of 0.48 previously determined for (14)C-DG in rats. The ratio of the lCMR(glc) thus determined with (14)C-FDG to that determined with (14)C-DG for each structure was then multiplied by the lumped constant for (14)C-DG to estimate the lumped constant for (14)C-FDG. The lCMR(glc) and the lumped constant for FDG in the brain as a whole were similarly estimated from the tracer concentrations in the brain homogenates. RESULTS The mean values for the lumped constant for FDG were found to be 0.71 and 0.70 in the autoradiographic assays and the assays with brain homogenates, respectively. CONCLUSION The appropriate value for the lumped constant to be used in determinations of the lCMR(glc) in normal adult male rat studies with (18)F-FDG and small-animal PET scanners is 0.71.
Immigrant Nonprofit Organizations in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

This article provides an overview of existing immigrant nonprofits formed and maintained by Asian-American or Hispanic-Latino community leaders in the largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Although some of these organizations date back to the 1940s, the majority of them were formed in the last three decades in a more open and accommodating society. For both of these immigrant groups, organizing to form and maintain religious organizations started early and continued to significantly affect the respective community. While Asian-American communities tend to focus on maintaining their heritage by forming numerous cultural organizations, the larger Hispanic-Latino population started early to form service agencies—aided possibly by alternative means to maintain cultural identity. Immigrant religious organizations tend to be older and located in suburban middle-class communities with a diverse ethnic population. Immigrant secular organizations are generally younger, located in central city communities with a more homogeneous ethnic population. Older immigrant nonprofits also tend to be financially stronger and more stable.
Atopy and season of birth

the patient was sent to the hospital emergency ward. A fall of 40,. 8% in PEFR was observed, and this was reversed by specific treatment (Fig. 1). Positive RAST was found to D. pteronyssinus (class 2, 1.17 IU/ml) and to Tyrophagus (class 4, >44 IU/ml). Specific IgE to the remaining mites, pollens, fungi, and garlic extracts was negative. The three samples studied by microscopy presented infestation by T. putrescentiae. The degree of infestation was estimated at 1800 mites/g of dust. Garlic is considered to be one of the most common causes of dermatitis of the fingertips in suppliers of foodstuffs. However, its association with ashma or rhinitis rarely has been reported in the literature. In 1940, Henson reported a case of occupational asthma, with immediate and late asthmatic reactions, induced by garlic dust in a sausage maker. Since then, we have found six cases that, as in our patient, suggest an etiopathogenic mechanism of IgE-mediate immediate hypersensitivity, determined by skin tests, in vitro tests, and immediate response in the bronchial challenge test (3-5). We think that the asthma suffered by our patient could be considered occupational because, after a symptom-free sensitization period, symptoms and spirometric changes occurred during each exposure to garlic dust but improved rapidly after the patient ceased this activity. The true problem was this: which allergen of garlic dust causes this asthma? Our in vivo and immunologic tests showed a relevant association with sensitization to T. putrescentiue and a superinfestation by this mite in different samples of garlic dust. Arlian (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74: 166) described the allergenic properties of this storage mite, which can infest various dusts. Moreover, Ownby et al. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:846) have described a case of anaphylaxis due to ingestion of another member of the Liliaceae family, the onion, showing that the cause was the superinfestation of the onions by D. farinae, and not the ingestion of pure onion. In conclusion, we think that occupational asthma in our patient was not caused by garlic itself, but was due to the superinfestation of the garlic by T. putrescentiae. This finding suggests that in asthma induced by inhalation of garlic dust, other, more common causes of allergy which might have contaminated this dust should be checked for, especially storage mites.
Generic slung load transportation system using small size helicopters

In this paper we present an overview of techniques and approaches used for a load transportation system based on small size unmanned helicopters. The focus is on the control approach and on the movement of the rope connecting helicopters and load. The proposed approach is based on two control loops: an outer loop to control the translation of each helicopter in compound and an inner loop to control the orientation of helicopters. The challenge here is that in both loops the dynamics of the whole system - all helicopters and load - should be accounted for. It is shown, that for designing the outer loop controller a complex model of the helicopters and load can be replaced by a simplified model based on interconnected mass points. For designing the inner loop controller, the complete dynamics of the whole system are considered. The usage of force sensors in the ropes is proposed in order to simplify the inner loop controller and to make it robust against variations of system parameters. The presented inner loop controller is independent of the number of coupled helicopters. The outer loop controller depends on the number of helicopters. The problem of oscillations in the flexible ropes due to external disturbancies (e.g. wind gusts) is discussed and a solution based on load state observer is presented. The performance of the presented system was verified in simulations and in real flight experiments with one and three helicopters transporting the load. The worldwide first demonstration of a slung load transportation using three helicopters was performed in December 2007.
Building Evidence of Validity

The current study used work values components (WVC) to examine the relationship between work values, vocational interests, personality, and personal values. Most intercorrelations between work values and other constructs were in the small effect range. Overall correlations between scale scores provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for values scales. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested personal values were the most significant predictor of WVC. Interests and personality also contributed a small amount of additional variance in predicting work values. Overall, results suggested that other variables (e.g., personal values, vocational interests, and personality) accounted for 22% (Autonomy) to 48% (Status) in WVC. Results supported growing evidence of construct validity for work values, given study findings. Implications for the study of values and career counseling interventions are discussed.
The Learning Potential of the Dominant Personality Within Small Intensive-Training Groups

The author investigates the proposal that in an unstructured, small-group training situation, participants who have dominant behavioral characteristics learn more than do other members. Two such groups, with a total membership of thirteen, were studied. Personality tendencies were established by analyzing verbal behavior during the first three hours of participation. Leary's (1957) interpersonal-behavior model was used to define the behavioral categories. Two measures of learning level were used: the Problem Expression Scale, based on Roger's (1958) model of therapeutic learning, and group members' ratings of self and others. These measures confirmed the original proposal, and the findings are discussed in relation to the origins of small-group work.
Local press reporting of opposition to the 2003 Iraq War in the UK and the case for reconceptualizing notions of legitimacy and deviance

Abstract The decision to embark upon military action is often controversial—the 2003 Iraq War certainly was. Studies investigating the reporting of the controversies surrounding the use of force have frequently made use of Hallin's (1986) ‘Spheres of opinion’ model so as to distinguish between ‘legitimate’ and ‘deviant’ opinion. They have also identified a number of recurrent features to the reporting of demonstrations, including anti-war demonstrations, that work to position oppositional movements within the sphere of ‘deviant’ opinion. This frame of reporting is often referred to as the ‘protest paradigm’. Yet after having examined how opponents of the Iraq War were reported on in a select sample of local newspapers, it soon became apparent that things were not so straightforward in this case. Those who marched against the invasion were never overtly condemned in local reporting, although they were sometimes treated with a measure of wariness. Furthermore there were even occasions when they were treated as partially legitimate participants in debates about the crisis. These findings then call for a reconsideration of ‘legitimacy’ and ‘deviance’ and the idea that there might be clear blue water between them. Consequently, a more nuanced model for calibrating the degree of acceptability or otherwise of the anti-war movement (and other political actors) has been developed for—and is outlined in—this article.
The Indirect Effects of Destination Image on Destination Loyalty Intention Through Tourist Satisfaction and Perceived Value: The Bootstrap Approach

ABSTRACT This study proposes a multiple mediation model, in which destination loyalty intention is jointly influenced by the interplay among destination image, tourist satisfaction, and perceived value. Data were collected on Hainan Island, China and a total of 371 observations with 5,000 bootstraps were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. The results indicate that all possible single and multiple meditational effects within the model are substantiated. The meditational effects as well as the bootstrap approach employed to detect these effects contribute to the tourism literature significantly. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed in the context of tourism marketing and destination management. This work was jointly supported by The National Natural Science Fund of P. R. China (71262032) and by Hainan University, P. R. China (Kyqd:1230).
Evaluation of the IoT LoRaWAN Solution for Distributed Measurement Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) is based on data collection, where billions of sensors sample the real world; in other words, the IoT includes a giant distributed measurement system (DMS). A question still requiring an answer is: Are the IoT technologies usable to enhance traditional measurement systems, since they have been developed for a very similar objective? In this paper, the use of a long-range (LoRa) technology, originally developed for IoT, is investigated with the aim of implementing DMSs. After the conclusion that LoRa and LoRa wide area network architectures show a good match with measurement systems, this paper focuses on the characterization of time-related performance indicators that are important for distributed systems. The experimental results show the capability of low-cost transceiver to schedule the transmission of frames with a standard uncertainty less than $3~\mu \text{s}$ ; and an acceptable long-term clock stability (Allan Deviation) of commercial available devices (nodes and packet forwarders) for application such as smart metering, smart building, and process industry.
Variation in how mothers, health visitors and general practitioners use the personal child health record.

BACKGROUND In the UK, a national personal child health record (PCHR) with local adaptations is in widespread use. Previous studies report that parents find the PCHR useful and that health visitors use it more than other health professionals. This study was carried out in Nottingham, where the local PCHR is similar to the national PCHR. OBJECTIVES To explore variation in use of the PCHR made by mothers with differing social characteristics, to compare heath visitors' and general practitioners' (GPs') use of the PCHR, and to compare health visitors' and GPs' perceptions of the PCHR with those of mothers for whose children they provide care. METHODS Questionnaires to 534 parents registered with 28 general practices and interviews with a health visitor and GP at each practice. A score per mother for perceived usefulness of the PCHR was developed from the questionnaire, and variation in the score was investigated by linear regression adjusted for clustering. RESULTS Four hundred and one (75%) questionnaires were returned. Three hundred and twenty-five (82%) mothers thought the PCHR was very good or good. Higher scores for usage of the PCHR were significantly associated with teenage and first-time mothers, but no association was found with mother's social class, education or being a single parent. There was no association between variation in the score and practice, health visitor or GP characteristics. Mothers, health visitors and GPs reported that mothers took the PCHR to baby clinic more frequently than when seeing their GP, and that health visitors wrote in the PCHR more frequently than GPs. Eighteen (67%) health visitors and 20 (71%) GPs said they had difficulty recording information in the PCHR. CONCLUSION The PCHR is used by most mothers and is important for providing health promotion material to all families with young children. It may be particularly useful for first-time and teenage mothers.
Influence of Osmolality of Complete Semen Extender on Motion Characteristics of Frozen-thawed Ram Spermatozoa

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of osmolality of glycerolated TEST-yolk glycerol extenders on post-thawing sperm kinematics'of ram spermatozoa of the native Malpura breed maintained in a semi-arid tropical environment. Good quality semen obtained from adult rams was pooled, split and diluted to 1,000 million spermatozoa per ml in complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extenders of 900, 1,200, 1,500 and 1,800 mOsm/kg osmolality. Diluted semen samples were loaded in 0.25 ml straws and cooled down to -125°C freezing temperature at the rate of-25°C per minute under controlled conditions before plunging into liquid nitrogen for storage. The thawing of straws was performed at 50°C in a water bath for 10 seconds and sperm kinematics of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis technique. Osmolality of diluent had no significant effect on post-thawing % motility, % rapid, % medium and % slow moving frozen-thawed spermatozoa but significantly (p< 0.05) affected the % linearity and % straightness.The post-thawing % motility and % rapid motile spermatozoa were highest in samples extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality and lowest in 900 mOsm/kg. The curvilinear velocity of spermatozoa was significantly (p<0.05) higher for samples extended in 1,800 mOsm/kg, compared to those in 900 and 1,200 mOsm/kg, but the effect was not significantly different to those extended in diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality. The study indicated that ram spermatozoa could tolerate a wide osmolality range for dilution in the complete TEST-yolk-glycerol extender for their cryosurvival. The highest recovery of motile spermatozoa following thawing was achieved in samples extended in the TEST-yolk-glycerol diluent of 1,500 mOsm/kg osmolality.
Working memory and vocabulary development in Greek preschool and primary school children

The present research investigated the relative contributions of verbal short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) to vocabulary development in the early years among Greek-speaking children. Participants were 5.5-, 7.5-, 8.5- and 9.5-year-old (N = 216) native speakers of Greek, a language differing from English in which most investigations have been conducted. Children were assessed with a receptive vocabulary task, four verbal STM measures (word, digit, and non-word list recall, as well as word list matching), and three verbal WM tasks (listening, counting, and backward digit recall). Results offer support to the view that both STM and WM influence vocabulary development in early stages. Vocabulary was associated with verbal STM at 7.5 and 8.5 years, but only with verbal WM at 5.5 years. Associations declined with age (by 9.5 years), earlier than in English-speaking children. Findings are discussed in relation to Greek language characteristics, demonstrating the importance of cross-cultural investigations.
Factors affecting survivability of local Rohilkhand goats under organized farm

Aim: To study the pattern of mortality as affected by age, season and various diseases in local goats of Rohilkhand region maintained at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly. Materials and Methods: Post-mortem records of 12 years (2000-01 to 2011-12) were used, and total 243 mortality data were collected and analyzed. The causes of mortality were classified into seven major classes viz. digestive disorders, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, musculoskeletal disorder, parasitic disorders, mixed disorders (combination of digestive, respiratory, parasitic, and cardiovascular disorders) and miscellaneous disorders (cold, hypoglycemia, emaciation, endometritis, traumatic injury, etc.). Results: The average mortality was 10.93%. The overall mortality was more during rainy season followed by winter and summer season. The mortality in 4-6 months of age was high (2.52%) followed by 0-1 month (2.34%) and 2-3 months (1.35%). The average mortality among adult age groups (>12 months) was 3.42%. The mortality showed declining trend with the advancement of age up to 3 months and then again increased in 4-6 months age group. The digestive diseases (3.51%) followed by respiratory diseases (1.89%) and parasitic diseases (1.48%) contributed major share to the total mortality occurred and the remaining disorders were of lesser significance in causing death in goats. There is significant (p<0.01; χ2=55.62) association between year with season and age with the season (p<0.05, χ2=16.083) found in the present study. Conclusion: This study confirms that overall mortality rate averaged 10.93% (ranged between 1.10% and 25.56%) over 12 years under semi-intensive farm condition. It was generally higher in rainy season. The mortality remains higher in kids particularly under 1 month of age. The digestive diseases contributed major share to overall mortality.
Tourism development and sustainability in French Cerdagne

The combined effect of problems related toclimate warming and the recent crisis in real estate has underlined the fragility of tourism in the Cerdagne region of southern France. Although the question of the very survival of tourism here can no longer be ignored, the possibility of its diversification, or even its restructuring, seems to be facing serious difficulties in becoming part of a public debate that is barely off the ground.
Agglutinating Secretory IgA Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Cell Integrity during Apical Infection by Shigella flexneri

ABSTRACT Shigella flexneri, by invading intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and inducing inflammatory responses of the colonic mucosa, causes bacillary dysentery. Although M cells overlying Peyer's patches are commonly considered the primary site of entry of S. flexneri, indirect evidence suggests that bacteria can also use IECs as a portal of entry to the lamina propria. Passive delivery of secretory IgA (SIgA), the major immunoglobulin secreted at mucosal surfaces, has been shown to protect rabbits from experimental shigellosis, but no information exists as to its molecular role in maintaining luminal epithelial integrity. We have established that the interaction of virulent S. flexneri with the apical pole of a model intestinal epithelium consisting of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers resulted in the progressive disruption of the tight junction network and actin depolymerization, eventually resulting in cell death. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific agglutinating SIgAC5 monoclonal antibody (MAb), but not monomeric IgAC5 or IgGC20 MAbs of the same specificity, achieved protective functions through combined mechanisms, including limitation of the interaction between S. flexneri and epithelial cells, maintenance of the tight junction seal, preservation of the cell morphology, reduction of NF-κB nuclear translocation, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediator secretion. Our results add to the understanding of the function of SIgA-mediated immune exclusion by identifying a mode of action whereby the formation of immune complexes translates into maintenance of the integrity of epithelial cells lining the mucosa. This novel mechanism of protection mediated by SIgA is important to extend the arsenal of effective strategies to fight against S. flexneri mucosal invasion.
The use of psychological tests by Australian psychologists who do assessments for the courts

Abstract Psychological tests form a central part of most forensic assessments. However, the tests used, and the manner in which they are used, have been criticised, especially in the United States. In a survey of 79 Australian psychologists who do evaluations for the courts, we tried to determine which psychological tests they use, how frequently they use them, and their reasons for using particular tests. Our survey reveals that the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Rey Complex Figure Test, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are used most frequently. Notably, 7 of the 10 most frequently used instruments were neuropsychological tests. Respondents most frequently take into account the “suitability to the situation” and the “psychometric properties of the test” when selecting a test. The study demonstrates that the tests used by forensic psychologists are generally well established in the clinical field, and that psychologists doing assessments for the courts must be competent users of neuro.