Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence of short-term complications and associated factors after primary trabeculectomy in Chiang Mai University Hospital

Background: To determine the incidence of early postoperative complications and associated factors after primary trabeculectomy in Thai glaucoma patients. Design: This was a retrospective observational study performed in Chiang Mai University Hospital. Participants: One hundred and eighteen glaucoma patients participated in the study. Methods: All glaucoma patients underwent primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) using fornix-based conjunctival flap technique between December 2011 and May 2013. Surgical complications during the first 3 months of follow-up were recorded, and associated risk factors were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of posttrabeculectomy complications was the main outcome measure. Results: One hundred and eighteen eyes of 118 patients were included. Early postoperative complications developed in 55 eyes (56.7%). Complications included hypotony (25 eyes, 27.2%), serous choroidal detachment (CD) (14 eyes, 15.6%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (12 eyes, 13.0%), hyphema (11 eyes, 12.4%), bleb leak (8 eyes, 8.8%), encapsulated bleb (2 eyes, 2.2%), aqueous misdirection (1 eyes, 1.1%), corneal epithelial defect (1 eyes, 1.1%), and overfiltration (1 eyes, 1.1%). There were no reported cases of endophthalmitis or blebitis. Hypotony was associated with serous CD (P = 0.006), and hyphema was associated with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) patients (P = 0.009). NVG was not associated with the increased rate of surgical failure (P = 0.083). Conclusions: The incidence of early complications after first-time trabeculectomy with MMC was high (56.7%) in this Thai clinic setting, but most were transient and self-limited conditions. The correlations between hypotony and CD as well as hyphema and NVG were compatible with the previous studies.
The Design of GP 2

This papers deﬁnes the syntax and semantics of GP 2, a revised version of the graph programminglanguageGP. New concepts are illustrated and explainedwith exampleprograms. Changesto the ﬁrstversion of GP include an improved type system for labels, a built-in marking mechanism for nodesand edges, a more powerful edgepredicate for conditional rule schemata, and functions returningthe indegree and outdegree of matched nodes. Moreover, the semantics of the branching and loopstatement have been simpliﬁed to allow their efﬁcient imple mentation.
Increased ischemic injury in old mouse liver: An ATP‐dependent mechanism

Although livers exhibit only minimal morphologic changes with age, how older livers tolerate pathologic conditions such as normothermic ischemia is unknown. Young 6‐week‐old mice and old 60‐week‐old mice underwent 60 minutes of hepatic ischemia and various periods of reperfusion. Markers of hepatocyte injury, hepatic energy content, and mitochondrial function were determined. Ischemic preconditioning and glucose injection were evaluated as protective strategies against reperfusion injury in old mice. Reperfusion injury was far worse in old mice compared with mice in the young control group. Ischemic preconditioning was highly protective against reperfusion injury in young but not in old mice. Older livers had dramatically reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and glycogen contents. The low intrahepatic energy level in old mice was associated with a reduced mitochondrial ATP production. Preoperative injection of glucose restored the intrahepatic ATP content and protected against reperfusion injury. Furthermore, glucose injection restored the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning, resulting in additive protection when both strategies were combined. Aging of the liver is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased intrahepatic energy content, resulting in poorer tolerance against ischemic injury. Improving intrahepatic ATP levels in old livers by glucose injection protects the old liver against ischemic injury and restores the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. Liver Transpl 13:382–390, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Anti-inflammatory Actions of Adjunctive Tetracyclines and Other Agents in Periodontitis and Associated Comorbidities

The non-antimicrobial properties of tetracyclines such as anti-inflammatory, proanabolic and anti-catabolic actions make them effective pharmaceuticals for the adjunctive management of chronic inflammatory diseases. An over-exuberant inflammatory response to an antigenic trigger in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases could contribute to an autoimmune element in disease progression. Their adjunctive use in managing periodontitis could have beneficial effects in curbing excessive inflammatory loading from commonly associated comorbidities such as CHD, DM and arthritis. Actions of tetracyclines and their derivatives include interactions with MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs, growth factors and cytokines. They affect the sequence of inflammation with implications on immunomodulation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis; these actions enhance their scope, in treating a range of disease entities. Non-antimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) sustain their diverse actions in organ systems which include anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-proteolytic actions, inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A spectrum of biological actions in dermatitis, periodontitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and prevention of bone resorption is particularly relevant to minocycline. Experimental models of ischemia indicate their specific beneficial effects. Parallel molecules with similar functions, improved Zn binding and solubility have been developed for reducing excessive MMP activity. Curbing excessive MMP activity is particularly relevant to periodontitis, and comorbidities addressed here, where specificity is paramount. Unique actions of tetracyclines in a milieu of excessive inflammatory stimuli make them effective therapeutic adjuncts in the management of chronic inflammatory disorders. These beneficial actions of tetracyclines are relevant to the adjunctive management of periodontitis subjects presenting with commonly prevalent comorbidities addressed here.
Realizing Degree Sequences in Parallel

A sequence d of integers is a degree sequence if there exists a (simple) graph G such that the components of d are equal to the degrees of the vertices of G. The graph G is said to be a realization of d. We provide an efficient parallel algorithm to realize d. Before our result, it was not known if the problem of realizing d is in NC.
Some sources of error in measuring regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres.

BUCKBERG, GERALD D. , JOHN C. LUCK, D. BRUCE PAYNE, JULIEN I. E. HOFFMAN, JOSEPH P. ARCHIE, AND DAVID E. FIXLER. Some sources of error in measuring regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres. J. Appl. Physiol. 3 l(4) : 538-604. 197 1 . -Radioactive microspheres (8-50 p diameter) distribute in proportion to regional blood flow so that their concentrations in all arteries should be similar but for random variation. Varying numbers of microspheres were injected into the left atrium and ventricles of lambs, sheep, and dogs, and microsphere concentrations were measured in samples drawn simultaneously from two or more arteries (femoral, carotid, or aorta), in the free walls of the left and right ventricles and both kidneys. Coronary and renal blood flows were measured with microspheres (using peripheral reference samples) and by independent methods. Despite some nonrandomness (poor mixing) errors were usually under 20% for all injection and sampling sites in both species as long as each sample had over 400 microspheres; lesser numbers caused errors up to 1 13y0. Variability was less in dogs than sheep, less for left atria1 injections, but equivalent in all arteries. Coronary and renal flows by microspheres were usually within 20y0 and 6%, respectively, of measured flow. The greatest precision occurs on injection of the largest number of microspheres consistent with no physiological changes.
IOS project motivation as a determinant of project activities and business capabilities

Interorganizational systems (IOS) are a relatively common technology in mid-to-large organizations, and much research has been conducted into why firms adopt these systems, and the types of benefits obtained. However, IOS development projects, which is where the adoption becomes crystallized, and where specific ways to use an IOS are made possible, has been largely ignored and so are poorly understood. In this paper, we describe the IOS Motivation Model that explains how motivation determines project activities within the limits imposed by environmental affordances. We argue that motivation - the reason an IOS project is initiated - is a key determinant of the activities performed in a project and, through these activities, the types of business capabilities obtained. Two motivation types, activity control and market position, are explained in detail. Two case studies are then presented to exemplify IOS implementation projects that correspond to these two motivation types, and illustrate more clearly how motivation influences the pattern of activities performed in an IOS project. This is important for firms planning IOS implementation projects and for researchers in understanding the importance of IOS project-level motivation and its interaction with organizational strategy.
Endophytic Bradyrhizobium spp. isolates from sugarcane obtained through different culture strategies.

Brazilian sugarcane has been shown to obtain part of its nitrogen via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Recent reports, based on the culture independent sequencing of bacterial nifH complementary DNA (cDNA) from sugarcane tissues, have suggested that members of the Bradyrhizobium genus could play a role in sugarcane-associated BNF. Here we report on the isolation of Bradyrhizobium spp. isolates and a few other species from roots of sugarcane cultivar RB867515 by two cultivation strategies: direct isolation on culture media and capture of Bradyrhizobium spp. using the promiscuous legume Vigna unguiculata as trap-plant. Both strategies permitted the isolation of genetically diverse Bradyrhizobium spp. isolates, as concluded from enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting and 16S ribosomal RNA, nifH and nodC sequence analyses. Several isolates presented nifH phylotypes highly similar to nifH cDNA phylotypes detected in field-grown sugarcane by a culture-independent approach. Four isolates obtained by direct plate cultivation were unable to nodulate V. unguiculata and, based on PCR analysis, lacked a nodC gene homologue. Acetylene reduction assay showed in vitro nitrogenase activity for some Bradyrhizobium spp. isolates, suggesting that these bacteria do not require a nodule environment for BNF. Therefore, this study brings further evidence that Bradyrhizobium spp. may play a role in sugarcane-associated BNF under field conditions.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Norenzayan Et Al. / Cultural Similarities and Differences Cultural Similarities and Differences in Social Inference: Evidence from Behavioral Predictions and Lay Theories of Behavior

The authors investigated social inference practices of Koreans and Americans in two novel domains: behavioral predictions and folk theories of behavior. When dispositional and situa-tional inferences were disentangled, Koreans showed dispo-sitional thinking to the same extent as Americans. This was the case for behavioral predictions based on individual difference information (Study 1) and for endorsements of a dispositionist theory of behavior (Studies 1 and 3). Consistent with previous research in the causal attribution and attitude attribution paradigms , Koreans made greater situational inferences in behav-ioral prediction as long as situational information was salient (Study 2) and endorsed a situationist theory of behavior more (Studies 1 and 3). Koreans also differed from Americans in believing personality to be more malleable (Study 3). and powerful folk theory that promotes the attribution of social behavior to enduring dispositions. Although this folk theory is widespread in Western cultures, many ethnographers, cross-cultural researchers, and cultural psychologists have observed that in contrast to Western cultures, the East Asian cultural area favors a situationist folk psychology (e.g., Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998). A growing body of research has revealed that people in East and South Asia indeed explain behavior more situationally than Americans do, in naturalistic as well as experimental studies contrasting Americans recently reviewed the evidence for cultural differences in situational attributions. Everyday social judgment involves predicting the behavior of other people as much as it involves explaining their behavior or attitudes. In fact, attribution theo-rists have always believed that people engage in causal explanations of social events primarily to predict similar events in the future (Heider, 1958; Jones, 1979). This is apparent when, for example, one wonders if a friend will like the movie recommended to her or when a military leader trusts that an ally will support him in an upcoming battle. Past research has shown that lay dispositionism is as prevalent in prediction as it is in explanation. Ameri-can participants overestimate the predictive power of
Aberrant Splicing in Transgenes Containing Introns, Exons, and V5 Epitopes: Lessons from Developing an FSHD Mouse Model Expressing a D4Z4 Repeat with Flanking Genomic Sequences

The DUX4 gene, encoded within D4Z4 repeats on human chromosome 4q35, has recently emerged as a key factor in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). This recognition prompted development of animal models expressing the DUX4 open reading frame (ORF) alone or embedded within D4Z4 repeats. In the first published model, we used adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) and strong viral control elements (CMV promoter, SV40 poly A) to demonstrate that the DUX4 cDNA caused dose-dependent toxicity in mouse muscles. As a follow-up, we designed a second generation of DUX4-expressing AAV vectors to more faithfully genocopy the FSHD-permissive D4Z4 repeat region located at 4q35. This new vector (called AAV.D4Z4.V5.pLAM) contained the D4Z4/DUX4 promoter region, a V5 epitope-tagged DUX4 ORF, and the natural 3’ untranslated region (pLAM) harboring two small introns, DUX4 exons 2 and 3, and the non-canonical poly A signal required for stabilizing DUX4 mRNA in FSHD. AAV.D4Z4. V5.pLAM failed to recapitulate the robust pathology of our first generation vectors following delivery to mouse muscle. We found that the DUX4.V5 junction sequence created an unexpected splice donor in the pre-mRNA that was preferentially utilized to remove the V5 coding sequence and DUX4 stop codon, yielding non-functional DUX4 protein with 55 additional residues on its carboxyl-terminus. Importantly, we further found that aberrant splicing could occur in any expression construct containing a functional splice acceptor and sequences resembling minimal splice donors. Our findings represent an interesting case study with respect to AAV.D4Z4. V5.pLAM, but more broadly serve as a note of caution for designing constructs containing V5 epitope tags and/or transgenes with downstream introns and exons.
Nonuniform Hyperbolicity: Dynamics of Systems with Nonzero Lyapunov Exponents

Part I. Linear Theory: 1. The concept of nonuniform hyperbolicity 2. Lyapunov exponents for linear extensions 3. Regularity of cocycles 4. Methods for estimating exponents 5. The derivative cocycle Part II. Examples and Foundations of the Nonlinear Theory: 6. Examples of systems with hyperbolic behavior 7. Stable manifold theory 8. Basic properties of stable and unstable manifolds Part III. Ergodic Theory of Smooth and SRB Measures: 9. Smooth measures 10. Measure-theoretic entropy and Lyapunov exponents 11. Stable ergodicity and Lyapunov exponents 12. Geodesic flows 13. SRB measures Part IV. General Hyperbolic Measures: 14. Hyperbolic measures: entropy and dimension 15. Hyperbolic measures: topological properties.
Relation between direct detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in human coronary arteries at postmortem examination and histological severity (Stary grading) of associated atherosclerotic plaque.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have suggested a link between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. However, it is still unclear whether C pneumoniae plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Accordingly, we have performed a systematic dissection of the 3 coronary arteries on 33 postmortem subjects and studied the relationship in individual artery segments between the presence of C pneumoniae DNA and the severity of associated atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The prevalence of C pneumoniae DNA in arterial segments was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after controlling for the presence of PCR inhibitors. Atherosclerosis in each arterial segment was graded histologically with the Stary classification. C pneumoniae was detected by PCR in 78.8% of subjects, but there was no association between the presence of this DNA and cause of death or grade of atherosclerosis. When paired mild and severe atherosclerotic lesions within subjects were compared, mild lesions were as likely to be positive for C pneumoniae as severe lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that C pneumoniae can frequently be detected in atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries. However, its distribution did not correlate with severity or extent of disease.
Suppression of the coffee-ring effect by self-assembling graphene oxide and monolayer titania

The in situ self-assembly of two types of typical two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and monolayer titania (TO)) is realized using a simple drop-casting method. Within the as-prepared hybrid films, the GO and TO nanosheets arrange alternately into a lamellar structure. Notably, the hybridization of GO and TO suppresses the formation of coffee-rings when drop-cast, which is attributed to the strong interactions between the GO and TO nanosheets. Finally, the mechanism for the in situ hybridization of these two types of nanosheets into heterogeneous lamellar films and the suppression of the coffee-ring effect are discussed. These results demonstrate the potential applications of drop-cast hybrid films for high-quality membrane deposition from liquid phases.
Melatonin after Four Decades: An Assessment of its Potential Hamburg, Germany, August 11–19, 1998

1. Melatonin - without the hype. 2. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase: a personal historical perspective. 3. Evolution of melatonin-producing pinealocytes. 4. Melatonin biosynthesis in chicken retina.5. Ultraviolet light suppresses melatonin biosynthesis in chick pineal gland. 6. Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and histamine on melatonin and cAMP production in chick embryo pineal cells. 7. Ceramide inhibits L-type calcium channel currents in rat pinealocytes. 8. Expression of melatonin receptors and 2-(125I)Iodomelatonin binding sites in the pituitary of a teleost fish. 9. Melatonin release from the pineals of two sparids. 10. Photoendocrine signal transduction in pineal photoreceptors of the trout. 11. Intrinsic glutaminergic system negatively regulates melatonin synthesis in mammalian pineal gland. 12. Synaptic vesicle protein SV2B, but not SV2A, is predominantly expressed and associated with microvesicles in rat pinealocytes. 13. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors in the rat pineal gland. 14. Signal transduction in the rodent pineal organ. 15. Regulation of melatonin synthesis in the ovine pineal gland. 16. Melatonin modulation of prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion. 17. The Siberian hamster as a model for study of the mammalian photoperiodic mechanism. 18. How does the melatonin receptor decode a photoperiodic signal in the pars tuberalis? 19. Daily and circadian expression patterns of mt1 melatonin receptor mRNA in the rat pars tuberalis. 20. Molecular pharmacology and function of melatonin receptor subtypes. 36 more chapters.
Reading Emotions from Body Movement: A Generalized Impairment in Schizophrenia

Body language reading is a social cognitive process with importance for successful maneuvering of social situations. In this study, we investigated body language reading as assessed with human point-light displays in participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 84) compared to healthy control participants (n = 84), aiming to answer three questions: (1) whether persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have poorer body language reading abilities than healthy persons; (2) whether some emotions are easier to read from body language than others, and if this is the same for individuals with schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and (3) whether there are sex differences in body language reading in participants with schizophrenia and healthy participants. A fourth research aim concerned associations of body language reading with symptoms and functioning in participants with schizophrenia. Scores on the body language reading measure was first standardized using a separate sample of healthy control participants (n = 101). Further results showed that persons with schizophrenia had impaired body language reading ability compared to healthy persons. A significant effect of emotion indicated that some emotions (happiness, neutral) were easier to recognize and this was so for both individuals with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. There were no sex differences for either diagnostic group. Body language reading ability was not associated with symptoms or functioning. In conclusion; schizophrenia was characterized by a global impairment in body language reading that was present for all emotions and across sex.
Improving the Transparency of Proxy Injection in Java

Due to their flexibility, proxies have been used for various purposes in standalone and distributed applications. More specifically, object-level proxies support fine grained capabilities and offer the potential to transparently (i.e. with minimal human intervention) inject proxy-based functionality into an ordinary application. Consequently, several solutions based upon code transformation for addressing various limitations of transparency in existing approaches are considered and evaluated. Furthermore, the automation of the majority of the required code transformation has been implemented, which along with the deployment of various (proxy-based) adaptive and test applications, demonstrates the transparency, correctness, flexibility, and practicality of the solution. As the solution was presented in terms of Java, the discussion involves Java-specific characteristics; however some of the more general concepts should be useful for addressing similar issues in other object-oriented languages.
Short Interfering RNA-Mediated Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Gene Expression and Function during Infection of Human Keratinocytes

ABSTRACT RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral mechanism that is activated when double-stranded RNA is cleaved into fragments, called short interfering RNA (siRNA), that prime an inducible gene silencing enzyme complex. We applied RNAi against a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene, glycoprotein E, which mediates cell-to-cell spread and immune evasion. In an in vitro model of infection, human keratinocytes were transfected with siRNA specific for glycoprotein E and then infected with wild-type HSV-1. RNAi-mediated gene silencing reproduced the small plaque phenotype of a gE-deletion mutant virus. The specificity of gene targeting was demonstrated by flow cytometry and Northern blot analyses. Exogenous siRNA can suppress HSV-1 glycoprotein E expression and function during active infection in vitro through RNAi. This work establishes RNAi as a genetic tool for the study of HSV and provides a foundation for development of RNAi as a novel antiviral therapy.