Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enzymes for N-Glycan Branching and Their Genetic and Nongenetic Regulation in Cancer

N-glycan, a fundamental and versatile protein modification in mammals, plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological events including cancer progression. The formation of N-glycan branches catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases [GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, GnT-IX (Vb)] and a fucosyltransferase, Fut8, provides functionally diverse N-glycosylated proteins. Aberrations of these branches are often found in cancer cells and are profoundly involved in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the GlcNAc and fucose branches of N-glycans and describe how their expression is dysregulated in cancer by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms including epigenetics and nucleotide sugar metabolisms. We also survey the roles that these N-glycans play in cancer progression and therapeutics. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our knowledge on basic glycobiology to the development of medicine and biomarkers for cancer therapy.
The effect of univariate bias adjustment on multivariate hazard estimates

Abstract. Bias adjustment is often a necessity in estimating climate impacts because impact models usually rely on unbiased climate information, a requirement that climate model outputs rarely fulfil. Most currently used statistical bias-adjustment methods adjust each climate variable separately, even though impacts usually depend on multiple potentially dependent variables. Human heat stress, for instance, depends on temperature and relative humidity, two variables that are often strongly correlated. Whether univariate bias-adjustment methods effectively improve estimates of impacts that depend on multiple drivers is largely unknown, and the lack of long-term impact data prevents a direct comparison between model outputs and observations for many climate-related impacts. Here we use two hazard indicators, heat stress and a simple fire risk indicator, as proxies for more sophisticated impact models. We show that univariate bias-adjustment methods such as univariate quantile mapping often cannot effectively reduce biases in multivariate hazard estimates. In some cases, it even increases biases. These cases typically occur (i) when hazards depend equally strongly on more than one climatic driver, (ii) when models exhibit biases in the dependence structure of drivers and (iii) when univariate biases are relatively small. Using a perfect model approach, we further quantify the uncertainty in bias-adjusted hazard indicators due to internal variability and show how imperfect bias adjustment can amplify this uncertainty. Both issues can be addressed successfully with a statistical bias adjustment that corrects the multivariate dependence structure in addition to the marginal distributions of the climate drivers. Our results suggest that currently many modeled climate impacts are associated with uncertainties related to the choice of bias adjustment. We conclude that in cases where impacts depend on multiple dependent climate variables these uncertainties can be reduced using statistical bias-adjustment approaches that correct the variables' multivariate dependence structure.
Bottlenecks for metabolic engineering of isoflavone glycoconjugates in Arabidopsis

In view of their perceived chemopreventive activities against hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular disease, and postmenopausal ailments, there is considerable interest in engineering plants to contain isoflavone phytoestrogens. However, attempts to date have only resulted in low levels of isoflavone accumulation in non-legumes. Introducing soybean isoflavone synthase (IFS) into Arabidopsis thaliana leads to accumulation of low levels of genistein glycosides. Leaves of wild-type A. thaliana contain high levels of similar conjugates of the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol, which could be increased by threefold on introduction of an alfalfa chalcone isomerase transgene. Levels of genistein were not increased by expressing both IFS and alfalfa chalcone isomerase, but levels of flavonol conjugates were reduced to a greater extent than could be accounted for by flux into isoflavone. Introduction of IFS into the tt6/tt3 double mutant blocked in flavonol, and anthocyanin synthesis resulted in high levels of genistein. The bottleneck for constitutive isoflavone production in Arabidopsis is, therefore, competition for flavanone between IFS and endogenous flavonol synthesis, and the flavonol pathway is reciprocally but disproportionately affected by IFS.
Cohesion-Based Prompt Effects in Argumentative Writing

Linguistic properties of writing prompts have been shown to influence the writing patterns contained in student essays. The majority of previous research on these prompt-based effects has focused on the lexical and syntactic properties of writing prompts and essays. The current study expands this research by investigating the effects of prompt cohesion on the cohesive features of student essays. Results indicate that prompt-based cohesion effects were observed for all the measured cohesion variables. Further, these cohesion prompt-effects were stronger than the effects observed for many lexical features and all syntactic features. Implications of these results in light of writing research are discussed.
Nutritional management during neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer

Patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer are at a high risk for malnutrition due to the effects of chemoradiation, dysphagia, and malignancy induced cachexia. Preparation for esophagectomy requires careful assessment of nutritional risk and adequate supplementation as indicated. Supplementation via the enteral route is preferred to the parenteral route but requires feeding tube placement. Endoscopically placed silicone stents have also shown promise as a means to alleviate malnutrition and avoid invasive feeding tubes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:82–87. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compared RGB Methods Towards Efficient Money Detector for Blind People

Limitations of profound visual impairment distinguishing each nominal number of banknotes are often used by people with bad intentions to take advantage of that basis, like money fraud. Due to this reason, the blind people need to be helped to recognize their surroundings by developing assistive technology that is advanced for them. This study aims to build an efficient design of a money detector by comparing three RGB methods: range breakdown, If-Then Rules, and decision tree to recognize the nominal of money. The sample used in this experiment is rupiah banknotes for the 2016 and 2022 issuances. The device is built with a TCS3200 colour sensor and designed in a real-time platform. It has been found that the highest average percentage accuracy was achieved by the breakdown range method with 100% (2016 sample) and 90% (2022 sample). This device also successfully produced a notification sound from a speaker that mentions the detected nominal value. This research could be used as a reference to improve assistive technology for blind people.
Analysis of the peroxiredoxin family: Using active‐site structure and sequence information for global classification and residue analysis

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a widespread and highly expressed family of cysteine‐based peroxidases that react very rapidly with H2O2, organic peroxides, and peroxynitrite. Correct subfamily classification has been problematic because Prx subfamilies are frequently not correlated with phylogenetic distribution and diverge in their preferred reductant, oligomerization state, and tendency toward overoxidation. We have developed a method that uses the Deacon Active Site Profiler (DASP) tool to extract functional‐site profiles from structurally characterized proteins to computationally define subfamilies and to identify new Prx subfamily members from GenBank(nr). For the 58 literature‐defined Prx test proteins, 57 were correctly assigned, and none were assigned to the incorrect subfamily. The >3500 putative Prx sequences identified were then used to analyze residue conservation in the active site of each Prx subfamily. Our results indicate that the existence and location of the resolving cysteine vary in some subfamilies (e.g., Prx5) to a greater degree than previously appreciated and that interactions at the A interface (common to Prx5, Tpx, and higher order AhpC/Prx1 structures) are important for stabilization of the correct active‐site geometry. Interestingly, this method also allows us to further divide the AhpC/Prx1 into four groups that are correlated with functional characteristics. The DASP method provides more accurate subfamily classification than PSI‐BLAST for members of the Prx family and can now readily be applied to other large protein families. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of eyes by circular Hough transform and histogram of gradient

In order to achieve high accuracy of face recognition, detection of facial parts such as eyes, nose, and mouth is essentially important. In this paper, we propose a method to detect eyes from frontal face images. The proposed method consists of two major steps. The first is two dimensional Hough transformation for detecting circle of unknown radius. The circular Hough transform first generates two dimensional parameter space (xc, yc) using the gradient of grayscale. The radius of circle r is determined for each local maximum in the (xc, yc) space. The second step of the proposed method is evaluation of likelihood of eye using histogram of gradient and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The eye detection step of proposed method firstly detects possible eye center by the circular Hough transform. Then it extracts histogram of gradient from rectangular window centered at each eye center. Likelihood of eye of the extracted feature vector is evaluated by SVM, and pairs of eyes satisfying predefined conditions are generated and ordered by sum of the likelihood of both eyes. Evaluation experiment is conducted using 1,409 images of the FERET database of frontal face image. The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves 98.65% detection rate of both eyes.
Safety and Tolerance of D,L-Methadone in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with Glioma.

BACKGROUND/AIM D,L-Methadone increases sensitivity toward chemotherapy of different tumor cell populations. We evaluated the safety and tolerance of additional use of D,L-methadone in patients with glioma in combination with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The dosage, duration of therapy and side-effects related to D,L-methadone were recorded in 27 patients. Toxicity was assessed accordingly to the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) of the National Cancer Institute. Progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 13 patients reported grade 1-3 nausea at the beginning of the D,L-methadone therapy. Four patients reported persistent side-effects of nausea (CTC Grade 2, n=1) and obstipation (CTC grade 2-3, n=3). PFS-6 of patients with glioblastoma was 80% in those with non-methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) (n=5) and 100% in those with MGMT methylation (n=7). CONCLUSION D,L-methadone can be safely combined with standard glioma chemotherapy without increasing the risk of toxicity or vegetative symptoms such as tachycardia, sweating and restlessness. PFS-6 in patients with primary glioblastoma treated this way seems to be at least comparable to that of historic controls.
Evaluating Treatments for the Mood Disorders: Time for the Evidence to Get Real

Objective: To detail limitations to level I evidence derived from randomised controlled trials of antidepressant treatments and which is held to be fundamental to the development and validity of treatment guidelines. Method: Recent efficacy studies and meta-analyses of treatments of major depression are considered. Results: The largest database in psychiatry – demonstrating that all principal treatments are of similar efficacy, and that antidepressant drugs are not distinctly superior to placebo treatment – is unlikely to be valid. Conclusion: Excessive belief in and weighting of the evidence emerging from randomised controlled trials deserves to be criticized. An argument is put for adopting alternative approaches to evaluating the likely effectiveness of any antidepressant treatment.
Post‐exercise syncope: Wingate syncope test and visual‐cognitive function

Adequate cerebral perfusion is necessary to maintain consciousness in upright humans. Following maximal anaerobic exercise, cerebral perfusion can become compromised and result in syncope. It is unknown whether post‐exercise reductions in cerebral perfusion can lead to visual‐cognitive deficits prior to the onset of syncope, which would be of concern for emergency workers and warfighters, where critical decision making and intense physical activity are combined. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to determine if reductions in cerebral blood velocity, induced by maximal anaerobic exercise and head‐up tilt, result in visual‐cognitive deficits prior to the onset of syncope. Nineteen sedentary to recreationally active volunteers completed a symptom‐limited 60° head‐up tilt for 16 min before and up to 16 min after a 60 sec Wingate test. Blood velocity of the middle cerebral artery was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and a visual decision‐reaction time test was assessed, with independent analysis of peripheral and central visual field responses. Cerebral blood velocity was 12.7 ± 4.0% lower (mean ± SE; P < 0.05) after exercise compared to pre‐exercise. This was associated with a 63 ± 29% increase (P < 0.05) in error rate for responses to cues provided to the peripheral visual field, without affecting central visual field error rates (P = 0.46) or decision‐reaction times for either visual field. These data suggest that the reduction in cerebral blood velocity following maximal anaerobic exercise contributes to visual‐cognitive deficits in the peripheral visual field without an apparent affect to the central visual field.
Elevated Atherosclerosis-Related Gene Expression, Monocyte Activation and Microparticle-Release Are Related to Increased Lipoprotein-Associated Oxidative Stress in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Objective Animal and in vitro studies have suggested that hypercholesterolemia and increased oxidative stress predisposes to monocyte activation and enhanced accumulation of oxidized LDL cholesterol (oxLDL-C) through a CD36-dependent mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that elevated oxLDL-C induce proinflammatory monocytes and increased release of monocyte-derived microparticles (MMPs), as well as up-regulation of CD36, chemokine receptors and proinflammatory factors through CD36-dependent pathways and that this is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in particular in the presence of Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX). Approach and Results We studied thirty FH subjects with and without ATX and twenty-three healthy control subjects. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and Achilles tendon (AT) thickness were measured by ultrasonography. Monocyte classification and MMP analysis were performed by flow cytometry. Monocyte expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis was determined by quantitative PCR. IMT and oxLDL-C were increased in FH subjects, especially in the presence of ATX. In addition, FH subjects had elevated proportions of intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes and higher circulating MMP levels. Stepwise linear regression identified oxLDL-C, gender and intermediate monocytes as predictors of MMPs. Monocyte expression of pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory genes regulated by oxLDL-C-CD36 interaction was increased in FH, especially in ATX+ subjects. Monocyte chemokine receptor CX3CR1 was identified as an independent contributor to IMT. Conclusions Our data support that lipoprotein-associated oxidative stress is involved in accelerated atherosclerosis in FH, particularly in the presence of ATX, by inducing pro-inflammatory monocytes and increased release of MMPs along with elevated monocyte expression of oxLDL-C-induced atherosclerosis-related genes.
A practice guideline on Wilson disease

This guideline is intended for use by physicians. It describes preferable up-to-date approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Wilson disease. As their purpose is to direct patient care, these guidelines should not be considered inflexible mandates. They have been developed in a manner consistent with the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Policy Statement on Development and Use of Practice Guidelines. These guidelines provide data-supported approaches to the diagnosis and management of patients with Wilson disease. They are based on, first, broad-based review of the published literature in pediatrics and medicine including Medline searches on hepatolenticular degeneration and related subjects; and second, 40 accumulated years of personal experience of the authors. In order to standardize recommendations as much as possible, each has been characterized with Roman numerals I through IV to indicate the quality of evidence on which the recommendation is based (Table 1). 1 A significant problem with the literature on Wilson disease is that patients are sufficiently rare to preclude large cohort studies or randomized controlled trials; moreover, most treatment modalities were developed at a time when conventions for drug assessment were less stringent than currently.
Multilevel Causal Analysis of Socio-Psychological and Behavioral Factors of Health Providers and Clients That Affect Health Behavioral Modification in Obesity

The Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention, which integrates behavioral therapy, is the main ideal management of the clients with obesity. Various socio-psychological factors can affect outcome of the program. The Purposes: To determine the socio-psychological factors at the client and provider groups that affect health behavior modification (HBM) in obese clients, and to investigate the cross-level interaction of factors that affect HBM. The samples included 87 health providers and 412 clients using stratified random sampling. Hierarchical Linear Model was used to analyze in a questionnaire with reliability of 0.8-0.9. Results: 1) for the clients: 1.1) Attitudes towards healthy behavior (AHB), health-related knowledge, and trust in the provider predicted self-efficacy at 49.40%; 1.2) AHB and support from the provider predicted self-regulation at 75.50%; and 1.3) AHB, trust in the provider and support from the provider predicted self-care at 26.6%. 2) for the health providers: 2.1) Health quotient (HQ), project management (PM), support from the team, and the team emotional quotient (EQ) predicted self-efficacy at 71.30%; 2.2) PM and HQ predicted self-regulation at 51.60%; and 2.3) PM, team EQ and HQ predicted self-care at 77.30%. , 3) No cross-level interaction of factors between the clients and the providers was identified to affect HBM. Conclusion: The obese client’s AHB is the factor that significantly influenced self-efficacy, self-regulation and self-care (3SELF). At the health provider level, both HQ and PM significantly influenced 3SELF. Behavioral.
Blood gas analysis and cooximetry in retired racing Greyhounds.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to evaluate the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) in healthy retired racing Greyhounds via cooximetry, and to establish reference intervals for blood gases and cooximetry in this breed. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING University Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS Fifty-seven Greyhounds and 30 non-Greyhound dogs. INTERVENTIONS Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and placed into heparinized tubes. The samples were analyzed within 30 minutes of collection using a blood gas analyzer equipped with a cooximeter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Greyhounds had significantly higher pH, PO(2) , oxygen saturation, oxyhemoglobin, total Hb, oxygen content, and oxygen capacity and significantly lower deoxyhemoglobin and P(50) when compared with non-Greyhound dogs. CONCLUSION These findings support the fact that this breed is able to carry a higher concentration of total oxygen in the blood. As reported previously, this breed also has lower P(50) and, therefore, high oxygen affinity. In light of recent findings suggesting that in certain tissues a high affinity for oxygen is beneficial, this adaptation may be of benefit during strenuous exercise.
Change management and its relationship to developing sports activities in Saudi universities - Kingdom Vision 2030

The present study aimed to assess the level of practice of directors of sports activity departments at Saudi universities regarding the dimensions of change management and its relationship to the development of sports activities. The study employed a descriptive approach, considering its suitability for the study's nature. The study sample, consisting of employees from the student activity department at deanships of student affairs and sports activity coordinators in colleges across 28 Saudi universities, amounted to 392 individuals. The main research sample comprised 362 respondents (92.35%), with an additional survey sample of 30 respondents (7.65%). Data collection involved the use of a questionnaire developed by the researcher, and its administration was carried out by the researcher as well. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings of the study include:
An AF Algebra Associated with the Farey Tessellation

Abstract We associate with the Farey tessellation of the upper half-plane an $\text{AF}$ algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ encoding the “cutting sequences” that define vertical geodesics. The Effros–Shen $\text{AF}$ algebras arise as quotients of $\mathfrak{A}$ . Using the path algebra model for $\text{AF}$ algebras we construct, for each $\tau \,\,\in \,\,\left( 0 \right.,\left. \frac{1}{4} \right]$ , projections $({{E}_{n}})$ in $\mathfrak{A}$ such that ${{E}_{n}}{{E}_{n\pm 1}}E\le \tau {{E}_{n}}$ .