Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress in Horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) Tissues Grown in vitro

Summary In a previous study it was reported that transformed tissue of horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.), obtained by infection of leaf explants with A. tumefaciens, developed two tumour lines with different morphology. One line grew as a completely unorganized tissue (TN – tumour tissue), while the other line grew as a partially organized teratogenous tumour with malformed hyperhydric shoots (TM – teratoma tissue), but did not regenerate the whole plant of normal morphology. The factor responsible for this problem could be the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this study a possible involvement of activated oxygen metabolism in dedifferentiation and hyperhydricity in TM and TN tissues is investigated. Elevated values of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents found in TM and TN, in comparison with plantlet leaf, confirm the presence of oxidative stress. However, lower H2O2 content was measured in TM and TN. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was more pronounced in TM and especially in TN compared to leaf, which suggests that the LOX-dependent peroxidation of fatty acids might be one of the causes of oxidative damage. Moreover, significantly higher peroxidase (PRX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity as well as the increased number of their isoforms was found in transformed TM and TN in comparison with leaf. On the other hand, significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found in TM and TN, which correlates with lower H2O2 content. High catalase (CAT) activity measured in leaf and partially organized TM is consistent with the role of CAT in growth and differentiation. In conclusion, in horseradish transformed tissues that underwent dedifferentiation and hyperhydricity, prominent oxidative damage was found. This result suggests that oxidative stress could be associated with the inability of partially organized teratogenous TM to regenerate plantlets with normal morphology.
Use of Fibrin Sealant to Reduce Bloody Drainage and Hemoglobin Loss After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Brief Note on a Randomized Prospective Trial

Background: A phase-III trial that included fifty-three patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty with cement was conducted to investigate the hemostatic efficacy of fibrin sealant. Methods: Following cementing of the joint, 10 mL of fibrin sealant was sprayed onto the wound before tourniquet deflation and wound closure. No placebo was used in the control group. All patients received drains. Results: Within twelve hours after the surgery, the amount of bloody drainage was 184.5 ± 28.9 mL (mean and standard error) in the fibrin-sealant group (information available for twenty-three patients) and 408.3 ± 54.6 mL in the control group (information available for twenty-three patients) (p = 0.002, after adjustment for variance in the time that the drainage was measured). On the first postoperative day, the hemoglobin level had decreased by 20.1 ± 2.1 g/L in the fibrin-sealant group (information available for twenty-two patients) and by 27.3 ± 2.1 g/L in the control group (information available for twenty-four patients). After adjustment for baseline values, the decrease in the hemoglobin level was 28.9% less in the fibrin-sealant group than in the control group (p = 0.005, 95% confidence limits = 10.2, 43.7). There were no seroconversions in the fibrin-sealant group. Conclusion: These results suggest that fibrin sealant can safely reduce bloody drainage following total knee arthroplasty while maintaining higher hemoglobin levels.
Investigating Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network Language Models for Speech Recognition

Copyright © 2017 ISCA. Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) are powerful language modeling techniques. Significant performance improvements have been reported in a range of tasks including speech recognition compared to n-gram language models. Conventional n-gram and neural network language models are trained to predict the probability of the next word given its preceding context history. In contrast, bidirectional recurrent neural network based language models consider the context from future words as well. This complicates the inference process, but has theoretical benefits for tasks such as speech recognition as additional context information can be used. However to date, very limited or no gains in speech recognition performance have been reported with this form of model. This paper examines the issues of training bidirectional recurrent neural network language models (bi-RNNLMs) for speech recognition. A bi-RNNLM probability smoothing technique is proposed, that addresses the very sharp posteriors that are often observed in these models. The performance of the bi-RNNLMs is evaluated on three speech recognition tasks: broadcast news; meeting transcription (AMI); and low-resource systems (Babel data). On all tasks gains are observed by applying the smoothing technique to the bi-RNNLM. In addition consistent performance gains can be obtained by combining bi-RNNLMs with n-gram and uni-directional RNNLMs.
Prevalence and Pattern of Accessory Teeth (Hyperdontia) in Permanent Dentition of Iranian Orthodontic Patients

Abstract Background Awareness of hyperdontia pattern/prevalence can be useful in early diagnosis and prevention by general practitioners, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists. Since the previous results regarding the pattern of hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) are controversial, this study aimed to assess this subject among Iranian orthodontic patients. Methods All approved panoramic radiographs of 3374 orthodontic patients (aged 10 to 20 years old) who had visited orthodontic departments of all Tehran dentistry universities and 10 private clinics during the years 1999-2009 were investigated to establish the prevalence/pattern of hyperdontia in permanent dentition (excluding third molars). The data were analyzed using a chi-square, a chi-square goodness-of-fit, and a Fisher exact test (α=0.05). Results Of the patients, 2012 were female and 1362 were male. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 0.72% (14 females [0.69% of females], 10 males [0.73% of males], female-to-male ratio=1:1.055). The difference between the genders was not significant (P = 0.896). No double or multiple supernumeraries were found. The most common accessory teeth were mesiodens (58.3%), maxillary laterals (25%), and maxillary premolars (16.7%). Hyperdontia was significantly more common (P=0.000) in maxilla (there was only one mandibular accessory tooth). It was more frequent in the anterior segment (P=0.000). However the occurrence was not significantly different between bimaxillary right and left quadrants (P=0.6). Conclusion Hyperdontia was more common in premaxilla, and the most common accessory tooth was mesiodens. Unlike earlier studies, no bilateral accessory teeth were found. Also no gender dimorphism was discerned.
EIGHTEEN SEA CUCUMBER SPECIES FISHED IN KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS, JAVA SEA

Indonesia has been supplying the highest diversity of dried sea cucumbers (trepang) to world markets for decades even though species validation on the trepang from any producing areas throughout the country is still needed. Karimunjawa (Islands off north coast of Java) is one of trepang habitats. Several visits from May to November 2009 had been made to collect trepang from the fishers and collectors in that area. Eighteen aspidochirote species were identified, more varied than those reported in 1988 and 1992 although 7 species have no longer been found. Three species among those: Actinopyga banwarthi, Bohadschia subrubra, and Holothuria fuscocinerea have never been reported in Indonesia before, neither on the list of commercial sea cucumbers in Asia nor world trade provided by Choo (2008) and Toral-Grande (2007). These species composition shifts may indicate a threat to species diversity, starting with excessive removal of natural stock. Up to now, 28 species of trepang have been recognized from Karimunjawa waters.
On some functional equations on standard operator algebras

In this paper we prove the following result. Let n 3 be some xed integer, let X be a real or complex Banach space, let L(X) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on X, and let A(X) L(X) be a standard operator algebra. Suppose there exists a linear mapping D : A(X) ! L(X) satisfying the relation 2 D(A) = n 2 X i=0 n 2 i AD(A)A 2 +(2 2 1)(D(A)A +A D(A))+ n 2 X i=1 ( i X k=2 (2 1 1) n k 2 i k + n 1 i X k=2 (2 1 1) n k 2 n i k 1 )AD(A)A 1 i for all A 2 A(X). In this case D is of the form D(A) = [B;A] for all A 2 A(X), and some xed B 2 L(X). In particular, D is continuous. This result is related to a classical result of Cherno¤. 1 15 Feb 2021 00:47:23 PST 210215-Kosi Version 1 Submitted to Rocky Mountain J. Math. 1. Introduction Throughout, R will represent an associative ring: A ring R is n-torsion free, where n > 1 is an integer, in case nx = 0; x 2 R, implies x = 0: The commutator xy yx will be denoted by [x; y]. A ring R is prime if aRb = (0) implies that either a = 0 or b = 0 and is semiprime in case aRa = (0) implies a = 0: An additive mapping D : R ! R is called a derivation if D(xy) = D(x)y + xD(y) holds for all pairs x; y 2 R. A derivation D : R ! R is inner in case there exists a 2 R such that D(x) = [a; x] holds for all x 2 R. An additive mapping D : R ! R is called a Jordan derivation in case D(x) = D(x)x + xD(x) is ful lled for all x 2 R. Every derivation is a Jordan derivation. The converse is in general not true. A classical result of Herstein [15] asserts that any Jordan derivation on a 2-torsion free prime ring is a derivation. A brief proof of Herstein theorem can be found in [6]. Cusack [8] has generalized Herstein theorem to 2-torsion free semiprime rings (see [2] for an alternative proof). Beidar, Brear, Chebotar and Martindale [1] have fairly generalized Herstein theorem. For results related to Herstein theorem we refer to [12; 13; 14; 25]. Let X be a real or complex Banach space and let L(X) and F(X) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on X and the ideal of all nite rank operators in L(X); respectively. An algebra A(X) L(X) is said to be standard in case F(X) A(X): Any standard operator algebra is prime. Brear [3] has proved the following result. Theorem 1. Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring and let D : R ! R be an additive mapping satisfying the relation D(xyx) = D(x)yx+ xD(y)x+ xyD(x); (1) for all pairs x; y 2 R. In this case D is a derivation. An additive mapping D, which maps an arbitrary ring R into itself and satis es the relation (1) for all pairs x; y 2 R, is called a Jordan triple derivation. One can easily prove that any Jordan derivation on an arbitrary 2-torsion free ring is a Jordan triple derivation, which means that Theorem 1 generalizes Cusacks generalization of Herstein theorem. The above result represents a motivation for many other results (for example [11; 17; 20; 24]). Putting x for y in (1) we obtain D(x) = D(x)x + xD(x)x + xD(x); which leads to D(x) = n P i=1 x D(x)x :
The Dynamic Range Paradox: A Central Auditory Model of Intensity Change Detection

In this paper we use empirical loudness modeling to explore a perceptual sub-category of the dynamic range problem of auditory neuroscience. Humans are able to reliably report perceived intensity (loudness), and discriminate fine intensity differences, over a very large dynamic range. It is usually assumed that loudness and intensity change detection operate upon the same neural signal, and that intensity change detection may be predicted from loudness data and vice versa. However, while loudness grows as intensity is increased, improvement in intensity discrimination performance does not follow the same trend and so dynamic range estimations of the underlying neural signal from loudness data contradict estimations based on intensity just-noticeable difference (JND) data. In order to account for this apparent paradox we draw on recent advances in auditory neuroscience. We test the hypothesis that a central model, featuring central adaptation to the mean loudness level and operating on the detection of maximum central-loudness rate of change, can account for the paradoxical data. We use numerical optimization to find adaptation parameters that fit data for continuous-pedestal intensity change detection over a wide dynamic range. The optimized model is tested on a selection of equivalent pseudo-continuous intensity change detection data. We also report a supplementary experiment which confirms the modeling assumption that the detection process may be modeled as rate-of-change. Data are obtained from a listening test (N = 10) using linearly ramped increment-decrement envelopes applied to pseudo-continuous noise with an overall level of 33 dB SPL. Increments with half-ramp durations between 5 and 50,000 ms are used. The intensity JND is shown to increase towards long duration ramps (p<10−6). From the modeling, the following central adaptation parameters are derived; central dynamic range of 0.215 sones, 95% central normalization, and a central loudness JND constant of 5.5×10−5 sones per ms. Through our findings, we argue that loudness reflects peripheral neural coding, and the intensity JND reflects central neural coding.
Systemic protection through remote ischemic preconditioning is spread by platelet‐dependent signaling in mice

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), the repetitive transient mechanical obstruction of vessels at a limb remote to the operative site, is a novel strategy to mitigate distant organ injury associated with surgery. In the clinic, RIPC has demonstrated efficacy in protecting various organs against ischemia reperfusion (IR), but a common mechanism underlying the systemic protection has not been identified. Here, we reasoned that protection may rely on adaptive physiological reponses toward local stress, as is incurred through RIPC. Standardized mouse models of partial hepatic IR and of RIPC to the femoral vascular bundle were applied. The roles of platelets, peripheral serotonin, and circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) were studied in thrombocytopenic mice, Tph1−/− mice, and through neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Models of interleukin‐10 (Il10) and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (Mmp8) deficiency were used to assess downstream effectors of organ protection. The protection against hepatic IR through RIPC was dependent on platelet‐derived serotonin. Downstream of serotonin, systemic protection was spread through up‐regulation of circulating Vegf. Both RIPC and serotonin‐Vegf induced differential gene expression in target organs, with Il10 and Mmp8 displaying consistent up‐regulation across all organs investigated. Concerted inhibition of both molecules abolished the protective effects of RIPC. RIPC was able to mitigate pancreatitis, indicating that it can protect beyond ischemic insults. Conclusions: We have identified a platelet‐serotonin‐Vegf‐Il10/Mmp8 axis that mediates the protective effects of RIPC. The systemic action, the conservation of RIPC effects among mice and humans, and the protection beyond ischemic insults suggest that the platelet‐dependent axis has evolved as a preemptive response to local stress, priming the body against impending harm. (Hepatology 2014;60:1409–1417)
Growth impairment in very low birthweight children at 12 years: correlation with perinatal and outcome variables.

AIM: To compare the growth of very low birthweight (VLBW) children in early adolescence with that of their normal birthweight peers; to examine the role of factors contributing to growth-parental height, perinatal variables, bone maturity and sexual maturation; to examine the correlation between head growth and cognitive and educational outcome. METHODS: Standing and sitting heights, weight, occipito-frontal circumference (OFC), skinfold thicknesses and pubertal staging were assessed in 137 VLBW children and 160 controls at 11-13.5 years of age. Ninety six (70%) of the VLBW children had their bone age assessed using the TW2 method. Reported parental heights were obtained by questionnaire. All children had standardised tests of cognitive and educational ability. Perinatal data had been collected prospectively as part of a longitudinal study. RESULTS: VLBW children had lower heights, weight, and OFC. Skinfold thicknesses were no different. The children's short stature was not accounted for by difference in parental height, degree of pubertal development, or by retarded bone age. Indeed, the TW2 RUS score was significantly advanced in the VLBW children. Using the bone ages to predict final adult height, 17% have a predicted height below the third centile and 33% below the tenth. Weight was appropriate for height, but there was a residual deficiency in OFC measurements after taking height into account. In the VLBW group smaller head size was associated with lower IQ and mathematics and reading scores. CONCLUSIONS: Growth problems persist in VLBW children and final heights may be even more abnormal than present heights suggest. VLBW children have smaller OFCs than expected from their short stature alone and this may be associated with poorer educational and cognitive outcomes.
A Cross-Layer View of Optimal Scheduling

The problem of joint scheduling and rate control for multicast traffic in wireless networks is considered under the performance objectives of sum throughput maximization and proportional fairness. Our results are also valid for the special cases of unicast and broadcast traffic. First, the problem of maximizing the sum throughput of the network is studied and an optimal scheduling and rate control policy is obtained. Given the combinatorial complexity of providing an optimal policy, a simple, polynomial-time, suboptimal alternative scheme is introduced that restricts the space of scheduling and rate control decisions to operation one at a time or all together. The optimal policy to the problem of maximizing the sum throughput of the network with respect to this restricted action space is found. Next, the objective of proportional fairness is considered. Under this restricted space of actions, the resulting scheduling and rate control policy is explicitly characterized analytically and the effects of the current channel conditions are incorporated into the scheduling decisions. Furthermore, it is shown that the policy under this restricted action space is of threshold type. Finally, our analytical results are verified through a set of numerical experiments.
A comparison of pulse oximetry and cerebral oxygenation in children with severe sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome: a pilot study

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to assess the impact of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on cerebral oxygenation. However, the relationship between the variations in the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (ΔTOI) and pulse oximetry (ΔSpO2) has not been assessed in children with OSAHS. Consecutive clinically stable children with severe OSAHS [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) >15 events h−1] diagnosed during a night‐time polygraphy with simultaneous recording of cerebral oxygenation with NIRS (NIRO‐200NX, Hamamatsu Photonics KK) were included between September 2015 and June 2016. Maximal ΔSpO2 (SpO2 drop from the value preceding desaturation to nadir) and concomitant variations in transcutaneous carbon dioxide (ΔPtcCO2), maximal ΔTOI and maximal variations in cerebral oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) haemoglobin were reported. The relationships between ΔSpO2, ΔPtcCO2 and ΔTOI, ΔO2Hb and ΔHHb were investigated. The data from five children (three boys, aged 9.6 ± 6.7 years, AHI 16–91 events h−1) were analysed. Strong correlations were found between ΔSpO2 and ΔTOI (r = 0.887, P < 0.001), but also with ΔO2Hb and ΔHHb with a particular pattern in the youngest child with a dark skin pigmentation. Mean ΔSpO2 was 20 ± 17% and mean ΔTOI was 8 ± 7%. Maximal ΔSpO2 of approximately 70% were coupled with ΔTOI of no more than 35%. ΔPtcCO2 correlated only weakly with the cerebral oxygenation indexes. This pilot study shows a strong relationship between pulse oximetry and cerebral oxygenation in children with OSAHS, with lower changes in TOI compared to SpO2. Future studies should address the clinical impact of respiratory events on cerebral oxygenation and its consequences.
Assessing ventilatory control in infants at high risk of sleep disordered breathing: A study of infants with cleft lip and/or palate

Neonatal exposure to intermittent hypoxia results in altered ventilatory response to subsequent hypoxia in animal models. The effect of similar exposure in human infants is unknown. Our objective was to determine the impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in early infancy on ventilatory response in infants. We recruited consecutive infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) to undergo ventilatory response testing using exposure to a hypoxic (15% O2) gas mixture during sleep. This population is at high risk of SDB because of smaller airway caliber and abnormal palatal muscle attachments predisposing them to airway obstruction of ranging severity from birth. Ventilatory responses were compared between infants with a low apnea–hypopnea index (AHI; AHI < 15 events/hr) and a high AHI (AHI ≥ 15 events/hr). Testing was successfully completed in 22 of 23 infants who underwent testing at 4.4 ± 4.8 months. Infants with high AHI had lower weight z‐scores, higher number of oxygen desaturation events during sleep, but similar oxygen saturation (SpO2) nadir compared to infants with low AHI. The pattern of ventilatory response to hypoxia differed between the two groups; infants with high AHI had an earlier ventilatory decline and a blunted maximal ventilatory response to hypoxia. Infants with a high AHI use a different strategy to augment ventilation in response to hypoxia; while infants with a low AHI initially increased respiratory rate, tidal volume was the first parameter to increase in infants with high AHI. These results demonstrate that SDB in infancy is associated with altered ventilatory response to hypoxia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:265–273. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic Characterization of the Small Subunit of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chloroplast Ribosome

To understand how chloroplast mRNAs are translated into functional proteins, a detailed understanding of all of the components of chloroplast translation is needed. To this end, we performed a proteomic analysis of the plastid ribosomal proteins in the small subunit of the chloroplast ribosome from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Twenty proteins were identified, including orthologs of Escherichia coli S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S9, S10, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, and S21 and a homolog of spinach plastid-specific ribosomal protein-3 (PSRP-3). In addition, a novel S1 domain–containing protein, PSRP-7, was identified. Among the identified proteins, S2 (57 kD), S3 (76 kD), and S5 (84 kD) are prominently larger than their E. coli or spinach counterparts, containing N-terminal extensions (S2 and S5) or insertion sequence (S3). Structural predictions based on the crystal structure of the bacterial 30S subunit suggest that the additional domains of S2, S3, and S5 are located adjacent to each other on the solvent side near the binding site of the S1 protein. These additional domains may interact with the S1 protein and PSRP-7 to function in aspects of mRNA recognition and translation initiation that are unique to the Chlamydomonas chloroplast.
New examples of the Green functors arising from representation theory of semisimple Hopf algebras

A general Mackey‐type decomposition for representations of semisimple Hopf algebras is investigated. We show that such a decomposition occurs in the case that the module is induced from an arbitrary Hopf subalgebra and it is restricted back to a group subalgebra. Some other examples when such a decomposition occurs are also constructed. They arise from gradings on the category of corepresentations of a semisimple Hopf algebra and provide new examples of the Green functors in the literature.