Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Issues and Controversies that Surround Recent Texts on Empirically Supported and Empirically Based Treatments

ABSTRACT Since the 1993 APA task force of the Society of Clinical Psychology developed guidelines to apply data-based psychology to the identification of effective psychotherapy, there has been an increasing number of texts focussing on Empirically based Psychotherapy and Empirically Supported Treatments. This manuscript examines recent key texts and comments on the issues and controversies surrounding this movement. Possible reasons for limited transfer to the clinical setting of many psychotherapists are noted.
Individual differences and consistency in maternal talk style during joint story encoding and retrospection: Associations with children’s long-term recall

The manner in which parents and children reminisce about personal events has received increasing attention over the last decade as it has important implications for children’s memory performance. How individual differences in maternal talk style relate to children’s story recall is less clear. The present study examined stylistic consistencies and changes between initial mother-child online encoding of a story event (T1) and between mother-child retrospections about the same story event 4 months later (T2), 8 months later (T3), and 12 months later (T4). Twenty-four children, 72-months-old at T1, and their mothers participated. During story encoding, mothers could be classi” ed as high or low elaborative. Relative differences between these maternal groups endured over time. Children of high elaborative mothers contributed more story information than children of low elaborative mothers at each of the four time points. Constraints and implications of the study are discussed.
Hot Accretion with Conduction: Spontaneous Thermal Outflows

Motivated by the low collisionality of gas accreted onto black holes in Sgr A* and other nearby galactic nuclei, we study a family of two-dimensional advective accretion solutions with thermal conduction. While we only impose global inflow, the accretion flow spontaneously develops bipolar outflows. The role of conduction is key in providing the extra degree of freedom (latitudinal energy transport) necessary to launch these rotating thermal outflows. The sign of the Bernoulli constant does not discriminate between inflowing and outflowing regions. Our parameter survey covers mass outflow rates from ~0% to 13% of the net inflow rate, outflow velocities from ~0% to 11% of the local Keplerian velocity, and outflow opening angles from ~0° to 60°. As the magnitude of conduction is increased, outflows can adopt a conical geometry, pure inflow solutions emerge, and the limit of two-dimensional nonrotating Bondi-like solutions is eventually reached. These results confirm that radiatively inefficient, hot accretion flows have a hydrodynamic propensity to generate bipolar thermal outflows.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infection in Pediatric Patients

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wound infection in a pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Methods: The ED charts of a tertiary pediatric hospital were searched for all children who presented in 2005-2006 with a culture-proven skin infection. Background, clinical and laboratory data were compared between patients with MRSA and non-MRSA infections. Results: MRSA was cultured in 171 of the 520 children (33%) identified. Mean age was 6+6 years in the MRSA group and 7±6 years in the non-MRSA group (p=0.06). Common sites of MRSA infection were the extremities (29%) and buttocks (26%); buttock abscesses were more prone to yield MRSA (26%) than nonMRSA isolates (12%) on wound culture (p=0.0001). Previously healthy patients acquired MRSA infections more often than patients with chronic conditions (22 v. 9%; p=0.0001). Compared with the non-MRSA group, patients with MRSA infection had higher rates of previous skin infections (24 v. 14%; p=0.006), earlier ED presentation (88 v. 77%; p=0.003), exposure to skin-infected household contacts (10% vs 2%, p=0.001), and history of insect bite(s) (20 v. 5%; p=0.0001). There were no between-group differences in prior physician visits (43 v. 46%; p=0.49), use of antibiotics within 14 days of the ED visit (32 v 32%; p=0.89), or daycare attendance (4 v. 2%; p=0.20). Conclusions: MRSA infection is common in children and is associated with site of infection, previous history of cellulitis, previous history of insect bite to the area, health status and exposure to a household contact.
Ontogeny of the immune system of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

The numbers and distribution of T and B cells in the thoracic thymus, spleen and intestinal tissue and the proliferation of T lymphocytes were examined during pouch life and in the adult to determine when the developing brushtail possum reaches immunological maturity. CD3‐positive cells were observed in the thoracic thymus at day 2 post‐partum indicating that the thymus produces T lymphocytes at or soon after birth. By day 25 the thymus was fully populated with CD3‐positive T lymphocytes and they were observed in distinct regions of the cortex and medulla. By day 48 post‐partum, B and T lymphocytes were identified in the follicles and parafollicular areas of the spleen. Although the numbers of T and B cells in the spleen increased significantly from day 25 to day 100 post‐partum (P < 0.005), fewer cells were present at day 150 post‐partum than in the adult (P < 0.05). Peyer's patches were not observed in the intestines up to day 73 post‐partum. However, both T and B cells were observed in the intestinal lymph nodes. Although the T lymphocytes at weaning showed a proliferative response, the response was not as great as that observed in the adult possum. Thus, the immune system of the possum is not fully developed at weaning but continues its development after pouch life. Anat Rec 256:354–365, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of some factors influencing percutaneous absorption.

A method has been developed for determining relative percutaneous absorption rates of liquid chemical agents in humans. Experimental data indicated that moisture conditioning of the skin surface accelerated the absorption rate of three salicylate esters, the greatest effect being observed with the ester having the lowest oil/water distribution coefficient. First-order urinary elimination rates following percutaneous absorption were established for all the compounds tested. Defatting of the skin surface with ether decreased the absorption rate of methyl salicylate. A linear relationship between the steady state elimination levels and the surface area of the skin exposed to ethyl salicylate indicated that the rate limiting step in the experimental system was the diffusion of the salicylate ester through the skin.
Domination in a Scientific Field Capital Struggle in a Chinese Isotope Lab

This paper applies Bourdieu's theory of the scientific field to examine the sources of authority, reasons for conflict, and group dynamics in an isotope lab at a Chinese university. After 7 months of participant observation and non-structured interviews, I found that theoretical capital and technological capital are both used in the isotope lab. While both are associated with scientific authority, it was theoretical capital that determined lab members' social authority. Dominant and subordinate members of the lab applied different strategies to advance their interests. Conflicts of interest induced competition between the holders of theoretical and technological capital, which in turn caused interpersonal conflict. The specificity of the field of geoscience determines the relative power of technological and theoretical capital, and the low autonomy of the scientific field in China strengthens that hierarchy. I find that this hierarchy of scientific capital in the broader field can have a considerable impa.
The Role of Personality and Job Stressors in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Three‐Way Interaction

The current study examined interactive effects among personality and job stressors in predicting employees’ engagement in counterproductive work behavior (CWB) defined as behavior that harms organizations or people in organizations. Survey data were collected from 932 employees and results showed significant negative relationships of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability with CWB directed at organizations (CWB-O) and people (CWB-P), and significant positive relationships of interpersonal conflict and organizational constraints with CWB-O and CWB-P. Further, it was found that the positive relationships of interpersonal conflict with CWB-O and CWB-P were strongest for people of low emotional stability‐low agreeableness among all emotional stability‐agreeableness combinations, and that the positive relationships of organizational constraints with CWB-O and CWB-P were strongest for people of high emotional stability‐low conscientiousness among all emotional stability‐conscientiousness combinations.
Statutory Social Workers: Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping, Social Support and Individual Differences

Many pieces of research have been undertaken in recent years that consider stress in statutory social work. The research has tended, inevitably, to focus on negatives in social workers’ lives, by considering dissatisfaction with the job, absences from work and other physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms of stress. Little attention has been given in the studies of stress and social work to expanding on the positives of social work, the rewards involved, high job satisfaction, the importance of how workers cope with the job, the contribution of supervision, personal and group support at work and home, alongside the positive well-being of many individual social workers. This article highlights the satisfaction social workers feel about their work, considers healthy and unhealthy coping strategies that are, and might be, used, gender differences and the importance of various forms of support from within the work setting, especially mutual group support, accompanied by individual differences linked to good self-esteem, personal hardiness and resilience.
Are Brief Alcohol Interventions Adequately Embedded in UK Primary Care? A Qualitative Study Utilising Normalisation Process Theory

Despite substantial evidence for their effectiveness, the adoption of alcohol screening and brief interventions (ASBI) in routine primary care remains inconsistent. Financial incentive schemes were introduced in England between 2008 and 2015 to encourage their delivery. We used Normalisation Process Theory-informed interviews to understand the barriers and facilitators experienced by 14 general practitioners (GPs) as they implemented ASBI during this period. We found multiple factors shaped provision. GPs were broadly cognisant and supportive of preventative alcohol interventions (coherence) but this did not necessarily translate into personal investment in their delivery (cognitive participation). This lack of investment shaped how GPs operationalised such “work” in day-to-day practice (collective action), with ASBI mostly delegated to nurses, and GPs reverting to “business as usual” in their management and treatment of problem drinking (reflexive monitoring). We conclude there has been limited progress towards the goal of an effectively embedded preventative alcohol care pathway in English primary care. Future policy should consider screening strategies that prioritise patients with conditions with a recognised link with excessive alcohol consumption, and which promote more efficient identification of the most problematic drinkers. Improved GP training to build skills and awareness of evidence-based ASBI tools could also help embed best practice over time.
Automatic Hierarchical Classification of Emotional Speech

Speech emotion is high semantic information and its automatic analysis may have many applications such as smart human-computer interactions or multimedia indexing. As a pattern recognition problem, the feature selection and the structure of the classifier are two important aspects for automatic speech emotion classification. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection scheme based on the evidence theory. Furthermore, we also present a new automatic approach for constructing a hierarchical classifier, which allows better performance than a global classifier as it is mostly used in the literature. Experimented on the Berlin database, our approach showed its effectiveness, scoring a recognition rate up to 78.64%.
A META‐ANALYSIS OF THE CRITERION‐RELATED VALIDITY OF ASSESSMENT CENTER DIMENSIONS

We used meta-analytic procedures to investigate the criterion-related validity of assessment center dimension ratings. By focusing on dimension-level information, we were able to assess the extent to which specific constructs account for the criterion-related validity of assessment centers. From a total of 34 articles that reported dimension-level validities, we collapsed 168 assessment center dimension labels into an overriding set of 6 dimensions: (a) consideration/awareness of others, (b) communication, (c) drive, (d) influencing others, (e) organizing and planning, and (f) problem solving. Based on this set of 6 dimensions, we extracted 258 independent data points. Results showed a range of estimated true criterion-related validities from . 25 to . 39. A regression-based composite consisting of 4 out of the 6 dimensions accounted for the criterion-related validity of assessment center ratings and explained more variance in performance (20%) than Gaugler, Rosenthal, Thornton, and Bentson (1987) were able to explain using the overall assessment center rating (14%).
Correlations among within-Channel and between-Channel Auditory Gap-Detection Thresholds in Normal Listeners

We obtained data on within-channel and between-channel auditory temporal gap-detection acuity in the normal population. Ninety-five normal listeners were tested for gap-detection thresholds, for conditions in which the gap was bounded by spectrally identical, and by spectrally different, acoustic markers. Separate thresholds were obtained with the use of an adaptive tracking method, for gaps delimited by narrowband noise bursts centred on 1.0 kHz, noise bursts centred on 4.0 kHz, and for gaps bounded by a leading marker of 4.0 kHz noise and a trailing marker of 1.0 kHz noise. Gap thresholds were lowest for silent periods bounded by identical markers—‘within-channel’ stimuli. Gap thresholds were significantly longer for the between-channel stimulus—silent periods bounded by unidentical markers (p < 0.0001). Thresholds for the two within-channel tasks were highly correlated (R = 0.76). Thresholds for the between-channel stimulus were weakly correlated with thresholds for the within-channel stimuli (1.0 kHz, R = 0.39; and 4.0 kHz, R = 0.46). The relatively poor predictability of between-channel thresholds from the within-channel thresholds is new evidence on the separability of the mechanisms that mediate performance of the two tasks. The data confirm that the acuity difference for the tasks, which has previously been demonstrated in only small numbers of highly trained listeners, extends to a population of untrained listeners. The acuity of the between-channel mechanism may be relevant to the formation of voice-onset time-category boundaries in speech perception.
Properties of twitch motor units of the ankle extensor muscles in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

A study of the mechanical properties of the twitch motor units in the ankle extensor muscles of bullfrogs was undertaken to expand our view of the diversity of motor unit properties among vertebrates. Two muscles were chosen that represent a wide range of extensor function: the plantaris longus (PL) is a large muscle providing most of the force for ankle extension in hopping and swimming, and the tibialis posticus (TP) is relatively small and may act as an ankle stabilizer or be primarily postural in function. Both muscles have highly fatigable motor units, but also some (especially in TP) low or non‐fatigable ones. Mean tetanic tensions of motor units in both muscles are relatively large as compared with those of mammals but are especially large in PL, No clear correlations were found between contraction times and either motor unit tetanic tensions or fatigability, nor did the motor units fall into clearly defined types based on any functional parameters. Overall contraction and relaxation times are slow compared with those of mammals and are somewhat slow compared to those of other frogs; unlike results from earlier studies, the large units of PL are slower than the small units of TP. This results in PL units reaching fused tetani at lower stimulus frequencies. The twitch/tetanus and force/frequency ratios in PL motor units are much larger than those of TP, giving PL units greater relative forces at lower stimulus rates. These results are discussed in the context of motor unit function. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupled Nanomechanical and Raman Microspectroscopic Investigation of Human Third Molar DEJ

The dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) connects enamel, that covers the outer surface of a tooth, to a thicker underlying dentin. The DEJ is a critical interface that permits joining these materials that have widely dissimilar mechanical properties. AFM-based nanoindentation and Raman microspectroscopy were used to define the width and composition of human molar DEJ. Indentation elastic modulus and hardness of enamel, dentin, and DEJ were determined along lines of indents made at 2 μm intervals across the DEJ. Indents made at maximum loads at each end of the indent lines were used to make visible markers allowing Raman microspectroscopy at 1 μm intervals across the DEJ, while using the nanoindent markers for orientation and location. Functional DEJ width estimates were made based on results from nanoindentation and Raman microspectroscopy. DEJ width estimates ranged from 4.7 (±1.2) μm to 6.1 (±1.9) μm based on hardness and 4.9 (±1.1) μm to 6.9 (±1.9) μm based on modulus. DEJ width based on Raman peak intensity variations were 8.0 (±3.2) μm to 8.5 (±3.1) μm based on the phosphate peak, and 7.6 (±3.2) μm to 8.0 (±2.6) μm for C–H stretching mode. These estimates are in the range of DEJ width estimates reported using nanoindentation.
Who Is the Doctor in This House? Analyzing the Moral Evaluations of Medical Students and Physicians of House, M.D.

Background: Research shows that medical students like to watch the morally ambiguous medical drama House, M.D., but there is some concern about how the unethical behavior of the main character might eventually affect their professional behavior. The aim of the current study is to provide insight into medical students’ and physicians’ (varying) moral evaluations of characters’ actions and motives in the episode “Informed Consent” (3×03) to inform the discussion over the proposed merit of medical dramas as a tool in medical ethics education. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted that included in-depth semistructured interviews (N = 51) among a diverse sample of medical students at various stages of their degree program and physicians from different specialties. Results: The results demonstrate a difference in moral evaluations of the episode of House, M.D. according to the degree of professional (theoretical and practical) experience, with more experienced physicians evincing a more nuanced view of the profession and professional ethics. Conclusions: House, M.D. is a potentially effective method of discussing or broaching bioethical dilemmas with students or physicians. However, to fully reach its potential as a tool in teaching medical ethics, we recommend that it be incorporated later in the curriculum after students have had some experience in the field (as interns).
Complaints against the police : the trend to external review

External review and self-regulation - police accountability and the dialectic of complaints procedures, Andrew J.Goldsmith shooting the messenger - the trial and execution of the Victorian Police Complaints Authority, Ian Freckelton complaints against the police in Australia - where we are now and what we might learn about the process of law reform, with some comments about the process of legal change, Matthew Goode police complaints in metropolitan Toronto - perspectives of the public complaints commissioner, Clare E.Lewis complaints againts the police - the British experience, Mike Maguire multiple realities, divided worlds - chief constables' perspectives on the police complaints system, Robert Reiner the police complaints system in Northern Ireland, Ivan Topping police accountability and civilian oversight of policing - an American perspective, Werner E.Petterson civilian oversight of the police complaints process in the United States - concerns, developments and more concerns, Richard J.Terrill.
Mixing Problem Based Learning And Conventional Teaching Methods In An Analog Electronics Course

This study, undertaken at the Walter Sisulu University of Technology (WSU) in South Africa, describes how problem-based learning (PBL) affects the first year ‘analog electronics course’, when PBL and the lecturing mode is compared. Problems were designed to match real-life situations. Data between the experimental group and the control group that related to attitudinal effect; the amount of reflection and learning outcome effects, were compared. A strong correlation was found between the students’ attitudes and project marks for those who used the problem-based learning method. It was found that students who followed the PBL method learned to do research, learned better how to work in groups and developed greater confidence. Also what they learned was more of a practical value and they had more positive attitudes and reflected more, but there were no significant improvements in their learning. This research is in response to the real need to address gaps between employer expectations and higher education outcomes in South Africa
Promoting computational thinking with programming

The term computational thinking has received some discussion in the field of computer science education research. The term is defined as the concept of thinking about problems in a way that can be implemented in a computing device. Of course, after having thought about a problem using computational thinking skills, the next step should be to use programming skills to implement the solution. This work in progress is exploring ways in which programming can be employed as a tool to teach computational thinking and problem solving. Data is collected from teachers, academics, and professionals from various industries. They are purposively selected because of their knowledge of or interest in the topics of problem solving, computational thinking, and the teaching of programming. This data is analyzed within the paradigm of the grounded theory approach. The results of an initial analysis imply an ordering of complexity associated with computational thinking skills, imply connections between computational thinking skills and programming activities, and imply a relationship between computational thinking skills and other taxonomies of learning.