Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral image analysis using deep learning — A review

Deep learning is a rather new approach to machine learning that has achieved remarkable results in a large number of different image processing applications. Lately, application of deep learning to detect and classify spectral and spatio-spectral signatures in hyperspectral images has emerged. The high dimensionality of hyperspectral images and the limited amount of labelled training data makes deep learning an appealing approach for analysing hyperspectral data. Auto-Encoder can be used to learn a hierarchical feature representation using solely unlabelled data, the learnt representation can be combined with a logistic regression classifier to achieve results in-line with existing state-of-the-art methods. In this paper, we compare results between a set of available publications and find that deep learning perform in line with state-of-the-art on many data sets but little evidence exists that deep learning outperform the reference methods.
Effects of the 2010 Civil Code on Trends in Joint Physical Custody in Catalonia. A Comparison with the Rest of Spain

This article examines whether the Catalan 2010 Civil Code affects trends in joint physical custody in Catalonia, and why joint physical custody more than doubled in Catalonia during 2007-2012, although not in other regions of Spain. It first summarizes the 2005 divorce reform in Spain and the 2010 Catalan Civil Code on joint physical custody. It then describes the patterns and characteristics of physical custody arrangements of minor children, as adjudicated by judges, based on micro data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute on “Decrees of separations, divorces and annulments” for the period 2007-2012 in both Catalonia and the rest of Spain. It concludes that the Catalan legislation partially explains these observed differences, not because it advocates joint physical custody per se, but because it encourages shared parenting through the use of two specific tools: clear criteria for determining the regime and form of child custody; and a parental plan. Both of these elements also have great potential for reducing gender inequality in the family sphere.
The connection between shared storybook readings, children’s imagination, social interactions, affect, prosocial behavior, and social play

ABSTRACT This study explored the connection between shared storybook readings and children’s imagination, social interactions, affect, prosocial behavior, and social play. A secondary goal investigated the relationship between social play and vocabulary learning. Participants were 44 young children (17 boys, 27 girls) attending preschool in the northeastern United States. Ages ranged from 4.1 to 5.6 years. The majority of the children were from Mexican, Central American, Brazilian, and African-American ethnic heritages. We observed children before and after repeated shared storybook readings that incorporated story props over multiple sessions. We recorded children’s imaginative ability, social interaction, affective, helping, and social play behaviors using a time sampling approach. Children also completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test –Four (PPVT-IV). We found shared storybook reading experiences connected positively to social, cognitive, and emotional developmental outcomes as well as social play. Pretend play experiences also positively connected with receptive vocabulary. Our findings support existing literature.
The peripheral xylem of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries. 2. Anatomy and development

It has been hypothesized that the substantial reductions in xylemic water flow occurring at veraison are due to physical disruption (breaking) of the xylem as a result of renewed berry growth. In a companion paper, evidence was presented that the vast majority of xylem tracheary elements remained intact despite the growth of the berry, and it was proposed that existing tracheary elements stretch to accommodate growth and that additional elements may also differentiate after veraison. Measurements of the intergyre distance of tracheary elements in macerated tissue were used to test for stretching, and the numbers of tracheary elements per vascular bundle and of branch points of the peripheral xylem network were analysed to test for continued differentiation from 18 to 120 d after anthesis in Chardonnay berries. The distance between the epidermis and the vasculature increased substantially from pre- to post-veraison, potentially increasing the amount of skin available for analysis of compounds important for winemaking. Tracheary elements continued to differentiate within the existing vascular bundles throughout berry development. Additional vascular bundles also appeared until after veraison, thereby increasing the complexity of the peripheral vascular network. The results also confirmed that tracheary elements stretched by ∼20%, but this was not as much as that predicted based on the growth of the vascular diameter (40%). These results complete a comprehensive evaluation of grape berry peripheral xylem during its development and show that tracheary development continues further into berry maturation than previously thought.
Peer E ects in Endogenous Networks

This paper presents a simple model of strategic network formation with local complementarities in e ort levels and positive local externalities. Equilibrium networks display other than the complete and the empty network a core-periphery structure, which is commonly observed in empirical studies. Ex-ante homogenous agents may obtain very di erent ex-post outcomes. These ndings are relevant for a wide range of social and economic phenomena, such as educational attainment, criminal activity, labor market participation and R&D expenditures of rms.
Benefit ‘Myths’? The Accuracy and Inaccuracy of Public Beliefs about the Benefits System

There is a widespread assumption by academics and commentators that negative public attitudes to the benefits system are due to ‘myths’ held by the British public. However, there is little research on whether the public believe these ‘myths’, nor critical scrutiny of benefit ‘truths’. This article therefore investigates what British people believe about the benefits system, and the extent to which these beliefs can be regarded as correct. To do this, we use 46 measures from 18 datasets (including British Social Attitudes, the European Social Survey, Eurobarometer, and surveys by YouGov and Ipsos MORI made available for academic study for the first time), and compare these perceptions to true figures obtained from a variety of sources. We find that – against expectations – there are some areas where the public are (on average) relatively accurate (e.g. the share of the population who currently claim out-of-work benefits). Yet overall, our evidence shows that the British public have low levels of understanding of the benefits system, primarily in ways that seem likely to undermine public support. People wildly overestimate unemployment benefits compared to pensions, the value of unemployment benefits, and misperceive trends in claims. While it is difficult to know the true level of benefit fraud exactly, the public overestimate fraud compared to any reasonable figure. We conclude by discussing the implications for both understanding and changing attitudes towards benefits.
Misunderstandings of Kin Selection and the Delay in Quantifying Ethnic Kinship

This paper discusses likely causes of a thirty-year delay in quantifying the kinship, or relatedness, between random members of ethnic groups. The introduction consists of reporting that quantification (Harpending 2002; Salter 2002), briefly discussing its constituent theoretical steps, and pointing to its theoretical importance. The main goal is to discuss some of the misconceptions that delayed quantification and which are still widespread in the social and evolutionary literature. Recent population-genetic research has quantified the genetic similarity between random members of an ethnic group as up to three orders of magnitude greater than that computed from genealogies. The kinship between random co-ethnics can exceed that between grandparent and grandchild. Quantifying ethnic kinship, whether within bands, tribes or modern ethnies, is theoretically significant because it is essential for developing and testing evolutionary theories of ethnic altruism, just as understanding the evolution of nepotism began with the quantification of kinship within families. Quantifying ethnic kinship is a prerequisite for exploring the applicability of kin selection theory to ethnicity. The theoretical tools for that quantification were provided by W. D. Hamilton by 1971 yet it was achieved in 2002, a delay of three decades. This paper identifies some of the factors that contributed to this extraordinary delay. These include misinterpretations by leading geneticists and evolutionary theorists that continue to be widely accepted as a basis for rejecting ethnic kinship and related theories. Fallacies and oversights that have impeded the realization of ethnic kinship are described. Refutations are usually available in the mainstream scientific literature from the 1970s and 1980s, though the argument based on the distinction between neutral and functional genes has been empirically falsified only since 2000. Examples are chosen from leading scientists who have made important contributions in other areas of genetics, especially L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, C. Venter, R. Lewontin, and R. Dawkins. An appendix by H. Harpending puts in perspective Lewontin’s argument that ethnies (including races) are genetically
An epigenetic biomarker combination of PCDH17 and POU4F2 detects bladder cancer accurately by methylation analyses of urine sediment DNA in Han Chinese

To develop a routine and effectual procedure of detecting bladder cancer (BlCa), an optimized combination of epigenetic biomarkers that work synergistically with high sensitivity and specificity is necessary. In this study, methylation levels of seven biomarkers (EOMES, GDF15, NID2, PCDH17, POU4F2, TCF21, and ZNF154) in 148 individuals—which including 58 urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) patients, 20 infected urinary calculi (IUC) patients, 20 kidney cancer (KC) patients,20 prostate cancer (PC) patients, and 30 healthy volunteers (HV)—were quantified by qMSP using the urine sediment DNA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each biomarker. The combining predictors of possible combinations were calculated through logistic regression model. Subsequently, ROC curves of the three best performing combinations were constructed. Then, we validated the three best performing combinations and POU4F2 in another 72 UCC, 21 IUC, 26 KC and 22 PC, and 23 HV urine samples. The combination of POU4F2/PCDH17 has yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity of 90.00% and 93.96% in all the 312 individuals, showing the capability of detecting BlCa effectively among pathologically varied sample groups.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FLOW IN RADIAL DIFFUSERS USING THE IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD

Abstract. The unsteady incompressible flow inside radial diffusers with axial feeding has been numerically simulated to investigate the influence of the impinging disk diameter on the fluid motion. Governing equations have been written in cylindrical coordinates and solved by using a volume finite in-house CFD code. The SIMPLEC algorithm applied to staggered mesh has been used for pressure-velocity coupling. The convective terms have been treated by the power-law scheme, while the TDMA has been employed to solve the linear system. Turbulent flows have been simulated by means of LES methodology using Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model. An immersed boundary method based on the physic virtual model has been used to represent the frontal disk and the computational performance of this methodology has been evaluated. Flow visualization of impinging jets by smoke injection has also been carried out and preliminary results are presented.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series Unobserved Ability and the Return to Schooling Unobserved Ability and the Return to Schooling

Reproduction partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©. Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, if full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. We estimate a structural dynamic programming model of schooling decisions with unobserved heterogeneity in school ability and market ability on a sample taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Both the instantaneous utility of attending school and the wage regression function are estimated flexibly. The null hypothesis that the local returns to schooling are constant is strongly rejected in favor of a convex wage regression function composed of 8 spline segments. The local returns are very low until grade 11 (1% per year or less), increase to 3.7% in grade 12 and exceed 10% only from grade 14 to grade 16. The average return increases smoothly from 0.4% (grade 7) to 4.6% (grade 16). The convexity of the log wage regression function implies that those who obtain more schooling also experience higher average returns. We strongly reject the null hypothesis that unobserved market ability is uncorrelated with realized schooling attainments, which underlies many previous studies that have used OLS to estimate the return to schooling. The correlation between realized schooling and market ability is found to be positive and is consistent with the existence of a positive " Ability Bias ". Rust and three anonymous referees for comments and suggestions on this version or earlier versions. Belzil thanks the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for generous funding. The usual disclaimer applies.
A HYBRID PARAREAL SPECTRAL DEFERRED CORRECTIONS METHOD

The parareal algorithm introduced in 2001 by Lions, Maday, and Turinici is an iterative method for the parallelization of the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations discretized in the temporal direction. The temporal interval of interest is partitioned into successive domains which are assigned to separate processor units. Each iteration of the parareal algorithm consists of a high accuracy solution procedure performed in parallel on each domain using approximate initial conditions and a serial step which propagates a correction to the initial conditions through the entire time interval. The original method is designed to use classical single-step numerical methods for both of these steps. This paper investigates a variant of the parareal algorithm first outlined by Minion and Williams in 2008 that utilizes a deferred correction strategy within the parareal iterations. Here, the connections between parareal, parallel deferred corrections, and a hybrid parareal-spectral deferred correction method are further explored. The parallel speedup and efficiency of the hybrid methods are analyzed, and numerical results for ODEs and discretized PDEs are presented to demonstrate the performance of the hybrid approach.
Characterizing Architecturally Significant Requirements

This article presents a framework for characterizing architecturally significant requirements (ASRs) on the basis of an empirical study using grounded theory. The study involved interviews with 90 practitioners with an accumulated 1,448 years of software development experiences in more than 500 organizations of various sizes and domains. These findings could provide researchers with a framework for discussing and conducting further research on ASRs and can inform researchers' development of technologies for dealing with ASRs. The findings also enrich understanding of requirements and architecture interactions, allowing the twin peaks to move from aspiration to reality.
Gene Delivery to Adipose Tissue Using Transcriptionally Targeted rAAV8 Vectors

In recent years, the increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities fostered intensive research in the field of adipose tissue biology. To further unravel molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue function, genetic tools enabling functional studies in vitro and in vivo are essential. While the use of transgenic animals is well established, attempts using viral and non-viral vectors to genetically modify adipocytes in vivo are rare. Therefore, we here characterized recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors regarding their potency as gene transfer vehicles for adipose tissue. Our results demonstrate that a single dose of systemically applied rAAV8-CMV-eGFP can give rise to remarkable transgene expression in murine adipose tissues. Upon transcriptional targeting of the rAAV8 vector to adipocytes using a 2.2 kb fragment of the murine adiponectin (mAP2.2) promoter, eGFP expression was significantly decreased in off-target tissues while efficient transduction was maintained in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. Moreover, rAAV8-mAP2.2-mediated expression of perilipin A – a lipid-droplet-associated protein – resulted in significant changes in metabolic parameters only three weeks post vector administration. Taken together, our findings indicate that rAAV vector technology is applicable as a flexible tool to genetically modify adipocytes for functional proof-of-concept studies and the assessment of putative therapeutic targets in vivo.
FREEDOM AT WORK: PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND SELF-LEADERSHIP

In spite of much conceptual work, there is a paucity of empirical research into the relationship between the constructs of psychological empowerment and self-leadership. This study examined whether employee psychological empowerment perceptions are related to employee engagement in behavioral and natural rewards self-leadership strategies, and whether these relationships are strengthened for employees with an internal locus of control. The findings demonstrated a significant positive relationship between psychological empowerment and both behavioral and natural rewards self-leadership strategies. Further, internal locus of control was found to moderate this relationship in regards to behavioral self-leadership strategies, but not natural rewards self-leadership.
0250 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SLEEP DEPRIVATION, MOTOR LEARNING AND S6 KINASE SIGNALING

Conclusion: Performance on the LOT decreased on the 3 day of CSR compared to baseline, deviating from previous findings of unchanged LOT performance after sleep deprivation. Limitations include practice effects and a small sample size. Support (If Any): This study was funded by grant UL1TR000127 from the Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the Pennsylvania State University (Anne-Marie Chang PI).
Autoparallel vs. Geodesic Trajectories in a Model of Torsion Gravity

We consider a parametrized torsion gravity model for Riemann–Cartan geometry around a rotating axisymmetric massive body. In this model, the source of torsion is given by a circulating vector potential following the celestial parallels around the rotating object. Ours is a variant of the Mao, Tegmark, Guth and Cabi (MTGC model) in which the total angular momentum is proposed as a source of torsion. We study the motion of bodies around the rotating object in terms of autoparallel trajectories and determine the leading perturbations of the orbital elements by using standard celestial mechanics techniques. We find that this torsion model implies new gravitational physical consequences in the Solar system and, in particular, secular variations of the semi-major axis of the planetary orbits. Perturbations on the longitude of the ascending node and the perihelion of the planets are already under discussion in the astronomical community, and if confirmed as truly non-zero effects at a statistically significant level, we might be at the dawn of an era of torsion phenomenology in the Solar system.
Multi-stream parameterization for structural speech recognition

Recently, a novel and structural representation of speech was proposed [1,2], where the inevitable acoustic variations caused by non- linguistic factors are effectively removed from speech. This structural representation captures only microphone- and speaker-invariant speech contrasts or dynamics and uses no absolute or static acoustic properties directly such as spectrums. In our previous study, the new representation was applied to recognizing a sequence of isolated vowels [3]. The structural models trained with a single speaker outperformed the conventional HMMs trained with more than four thousand speakers even in the case of noisy speech. We also applied the new models to recognizing utterances of connected vowels [4]. In the current paper, a multiple stream structuralization method is proposed to improve the performance of the structural recognition framework. The proposed method only with 8 training speakers shows the very comparable performance to that of the conventional 4,130-speaker triphone-based HMMs.
Cascading quivers from decaying D-branes

We use an argument analogous to that of Kachru, Pearson and Verlinde to argue that cascades in La,b,c quiver gauge theories always preserve the form of the quiver, and that all gauge groups drop at each step by the number M of fractional branes. In particular, we demonstrate that an NS5-brane that sweeps out the S3 of the base of La,b,c destroys M D3-branes.
Sexually selected dichromatism in the hihi Notiomystis cincta: multiple colours for multiple receivers

Why do some bird species show dramatic sexual dichromatism in their plumage? Sexual selection is the most common answer to this question. However, other competing explanations mean it is unwise to assume that all sexual dichromatism has evolved by this mechanism. Even if sexual selection is involved, further work is necessary to determine whether dichromatism results from competition amongst rival males, or by female choice for attractive traits, or both. Here, we test whether sexually dichromatic hihi (Notiomystis cincta) plumage is currently under sexual selection, with detailed behavioural and genetic analyses of a free‐living island population. Bateman gradients measured for males and females reveal the potential for sexual selection, whilst selection gradients, relating reproductive success to specific colourful traits, show that there is stabilizing selection on white ear tuft length in males. By correlating colourful male plumage with different components of reproductive success, we show that properties of yellow plumage are most likely a product of male–male competition, whilst properties of the black and white plumage are an outcome of both male–male competition and female choice. Male plumage therefore potentially signals to multiple receivers (rival males and potential mates), and this may explain the multicoloured appearance of one of the most strikingly dichromatic species in New Zealand.