Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Pelvis in Gorilla, Pongo, Pan, Australopithecus and Homo

To examine the evolutionary differences between hominoid locomotor systems, a number of observations concerning the growth of the pelvis among the great apes as compared to modern and fossil hominids are reported. We are interested in the size and shape of the coxal bones at different developmental stages across species that may elucidate the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny (i.e., heterochrony) in the hominoid pelvis. Our hypotheses are: (1) do rates of absolute growth differ? , (2) do rates of relative growth differ? , and (3) does heterochrony explain these differences? Bivariate and multivariate analyses of pelvic dimensions demonstrate both the diversity of species-specific ontogenetic patterns among hominoids, and an unequivocal separation of hominids and the great apes. Heterochrony alone fails to account for the ontogenetic differences between hominids and the great apes. Compared to recent Homo,Australopithecus can be described as ‘hyper-human’ from the relative size of the ischium, and short but broad ilium. Australopithecus afarensis differs from Australopithecus africanus by its relatively long pubis. In multivariate analyses of ilium shape, the most complete coxal bone attributed to Homo erectus, KNM-ER 3228, falls within the range of juvenile and adult Australopithecus, whereas Broken Hill falls within the range of modern Homo, suggesting that the modern human ilium shape arose rather recently. Among the great apes, patterns of pelvic ontogeny do not exclusively separate the African apes from Pongo.
Pointwise approximation by elementary complete contractions

A complete contraction on a C * -algebra A, which preserves all closed two sided ideals J, can be approximated pointwise by elementary complete contractions if and only if the induced map on B ⊗ A/J is contractive for every C * -algebra B, ideal J in A and C * -tensor norm on B ⊗ A/J. A lifting obstruction for such an approximation is also obtained.
Written Persuasive Discourse Abilities of Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

6 CHAPTER 1 7 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 1.0 Introduction 7 1.1 Persuasive Discourse 9 1.1.1 Persuasive Discourse In Typically Developing Populations 10 1.1.1.1 Requisite Skills for Persuasive Discourse Production.10 1.1.1.2 Development of Persuasive Discourse 11 1.1.1.3 Typical Problems in Persuasive Discourse 13 1.1.1.4 Hypotheses for Problems in Persuasive Discourse 14 1.1.1.5 Strategies to Enhance Persuasive Discourse 15 1.1.2 Persuasive Discourse in Clinical Populations 16 1.1.3 Sampling, Scoring and Analysis of Persuasive Discourse 17 1.1.3.1 Eliciting Samples 17 1.1.3.2 Measures 19 1.2 Discourse Impairment in Children and Adolescents with TBI 21 1.2.1 Spoken Discourse 22 1.2.1.1 Narrative 22 1.2.1.2 Expository 24 1.2.1.3 Long-term Outcomes 25 1.2. 2 Written Discourse 26 1.2. 2.1 Typical Development 26
Increasing Saving Behavior Through Age-Progressed Renderings of the Future Self

Many people fail to save what they will need for retirement. Research on excessive discounting of the future suggests that removing the lure of immediate rewards by precommitting to decisions or elaborating the value of future rewards both can make decisions more future oriented. The authors explore a third and complementary route, one that deals not with present and future rewards but with present and future selves. In line with research that shows that people may fail, because of a lack of belief or imagination, to identify with their future selves, the authors propose that allowing people to interact with age-progressed renderings of themselves will cause them to allocate more resources to the future. In four studies, participants interacted with realistic computer renderings of their future selves using immersive virtual reality hardware and interactive decision aids. In all cases, those who interacted with their virtual future selves exhibited an increased tendency to accept later monetary rewards over immediate ones.
Differing shades of colour: online dating preferences of biracial individuals

ABSTRACT The racial and ethnic makeup of the United States has become increasingly diverse over the past few decades. Growing rates of interracial dating and marriage have led to an increasing number of biracial individuals. Despite increasing rates of biracial individuals, research on this population specifically in relation to dating preferences, remains limited in scope. In order to assess biracial individuals' romantic partner preferences, the present research examines 1,203 Internet dating profiles drawn from Match.com. This study utilizes logistic regression to examine the willingness of biracial individuals to cross the colour line when seeking a potential romantic partner. The findings suggest that there are distinct racial dating preferences that reflect the presence of a triracial hierarchy. These results are examined in relation to how identity formation and racial stratification may play a part in shaping the racial/ethnic dating preferences of biracial individuals.
A Wideband Doherty Architecture With 36% of Fractional Bandwidth

This letter presents the design and characterization of a novel wideband Doherty architecture. Both input splitter and output combiner are realized by means of two-sections branch-line alike couplers. The realized prototype based on commercial GaN active devices shows more than 36% of fractional bandwidth, from 1.67 to 2.41 GHz. In this frequency range, the measured drain efficiency is within 59% and 43% at 6 dB of output power back-off and within 72% and 53% at saturation, with an output power around 41 dBm. More than 47% average efficiency and less than -40 dBc adjacent channel power ratio are measured applying a 20 MHz LTE digitally pre-distorted signal when the average output power is around 4 W.
An Experimentally Validated Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH 78578, iYL1228

ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae that possesses diverse metabolic capabilities: many strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections that are often refractory to multiple antibiotics, yet other strains are metabolically engineered and used for production of commercially valuable chemicals. To study its metabolism, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model (iYL1228) for strain MGH 78578, experimentally determined its biomass composition, experimentally determined its ability to grow on a broad range of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur sources, and assessed the ability of the model to accurately simulate growth versus no growth on these substrates. The model contains 1,228 genes encoding 1,188 enzymes that catalyze 1,970 reactions and accurately simulates growth on 84% of the substrates tested. Furthermore, quantitative comparison of growth rates between the model and experimental data for nine of the substrates also showed good agreement. The genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for K. pneumoniae presented here thus provides an experimentally validated in silico platform for further studies of this important industrial and biomedical organism.
Quantifying the relative molecular orbital alignment for molecular junctions with similar chemical linkage to electrodes

Estimating the relative alignment between the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) that dominates the charge transport through single-molecule junctions represents a challenge for theory. This requires approaches beyond the widely employed framework provided by the density functional theory, wherein the Kohn–Sham ‘orbitals’ are treated as if they were real MOs, which is not the case. In this paper, we report results obtained by means of quantum chemical calculations, including the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles, which is the state-of-the-art of quantum chemistry for medium-size molecules like those considered here. These theoretical results are validated against data on the MO energy offset relative to the electrodes’ Fermi energy extracted from experiments for junctions based on 4,4’-bipyridine and 1,4-dicyanobenzene.
Acceptable noise levels and speech perception in noise for children with normal hearing and hearing loss

The purpose of this study was to evaluate acceptable noise levels in children with and without hearing loss as well as to explore a relationship between acceptable noise levels and speech understanding in noise in children. A between subjects design was used. Sixteen children with normal hearing served as the control group and sixteen children with hearing loss served as the experimental group. Results indicated no significant differences for acceptable noise levels between children with normal hearing and children with hearing loss. No significant relationship was found between acceptable noise levels and speech reception threshold for sentences in children with and without hearing loss. The results of the present study are consistent with results found in previous adult acceptable noise level studies. Overall, results suggest that acceptable noise levels in children with normal hearing and in children with hearing loss are similar to acceptable noise levels in adults with normal hearing and in adults with hearing loss.
Reconstitution of Light-independent Protochlorophyllide Reductase from Purified Bchl and BchN-BchB Subunits

Protochlorophyllide reductase catalyzes the reductive formation of chlorophyllide from protochlorophyllide during biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. The light-independent (dark) form of protochlorophyllide reductase plays a key role in the ability of gymnosperms, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria to green (form chlorophyll) in the dark. Genetic and sequence analyses have indicated that dark protochlorophyllide reductase consists of three protein subunits that exhibit significant sequence similarity to the three subunits of nitrogenase, which catalyzes the reductive formation of ammonia from dinitrogen. However, unlike the well characterized features of nitrogenase, there has been no previous biochemical characterization of dark protochlorophyllide reductase. In this study, we report the first reproducible demonstration of dark protochlorophyllide reductase activity from purified protein subunits that were isolated from the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Two of the three subunits (Bchl and BchN) were expressed in R. capsulatus as S tag fusion proteins that facilitated affinity purification. The third subunit (BchB) was co-purified with the BchN protein indicating that BchN and BchB proteins form a tight complex. Dark protochlorophyllide reductase activity was shown to be dependent on the presence of all three subunits, ATP, and the reductant dithionite. The similarity of dark protochlorophyllide reductase to nitrogenase is discussed.
Structural, immunocytochemical, and mr imaging properties of periventricular crossroads of growing cortical pathways in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Periventricular white matter (WM) areas are widely recognized as predilection sites for complex cellular damage after ischemia/reperfusion or inflammatory injury of the perinatal cerebrum. We analyzed histochemical and MR imaging properties of fiber architectonics and extracellular matrix (ECM) of periventricular areas to disclose the potential significance of topographically specific WM lesions for the neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS We combined histochemical methods for demonstration of fibers, axonal guidance molecules, and ECM with T1-weighted MR images on postmortem specimens aged 15 to 36 postovulatory weeks (POW) and T2-weighted MR images on in vivo fetuses aged 14 to 26 POW. RESULTS The fiber architectonics of the fetal cerebrum display tangential axon strata in frontopolar and occipitopolar regions, whereas the central periventricular region contains crossroads of intersecting callosal (transverse), associative (sagittal), and thalamocortical/corticofugal (radial) fiber bundles. In early preterms, crossroads contain hydrophylic ECM with axonal guidance molecules, and they are easily recognized as hypointensities on T1-weighted MR images or hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR images. After the 28 POW, tangential fetal fiber-architectonic stratification transforms into the corona radiata system; however, the growth of cortical pathways continues in crossroad areas, as indicated by the presence of ECM and their distinct MR imaging signal intensities. CONCLUSIONS The correlation of MR imaging with histochemical findings demonstrated the presence of periventricular fiber crossroads rich in ECM and axonal guidance molecules. We propose that, in perinatal WM lesions, periventricular WM crossroads represent a hitherto unrecognized and vulnerable cellular and topographic target in which combined damage of association-commissural and projection fibers may explain the complexity of cognitive, sensory, and motor deficit in survivors of periventricular WM lesions.
The Influence of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on the Circulation at Rest and During Physical Exercise in Man

The effects of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on the circulation at rest, during, and after physical exercise were investigated in 10 volunteers. At rest, TEA did not affect oxygen consumption (Vo2) or cardiac output (Q), but heart rate (HR) was, increased by 7 beats/min, and stroke volume decreased correspondingly by 13 ml. Systolic arterial blood pressure was slightly reduced, but no other changes in systemic or pulmonary circulatory parameters were produced. TEA did not change VO2 during exercise, a 2.1 l/min reduction of Q being accompanied by a 4.2% increase of oxygen utilization coefficient. HR showed a relative reduction of about 10%. At moderate work loads during TEA, systemic arterial blood pressures were significantly lower than during control exercise. The resulting rate pressure product (RPP) was markedly reduced, while total peripheral resistance (TPR) remained unchanged. During recovery after the termination of exercise during TEA, VO2, Q, HR, RPP and TPR fell more rapidly towards values obtained at rest. From a clinical point of view the results support the safeness of TEA and also support its use in surgical patients with heart disease.
Unique ways of seeing: Five children’s approaches to observational drawing

This paper considers the drawing responses of five young children (aged between five and six) when invited to observe a hippeastrum plant. The drawing activity began with a brief verbal introduction, after which the children could complete their drawings however they liked. The drawing process was observed and recorded by running record and the analysis of the data (i.e., observation notes, drawings, research conversation transcripts) was made using an interpretive lens, guided by sociocultural theories. I found that although each child ‘‘observed’’ the same plant, their drawings and their drawing processes-had unique features reflecting their individual identities. Additionally, despite the small sample size, some gender and age differences were also notable. The data presented here are part of a larger study looking at the communicative potential of young children’s drawings in a Reception/Year One class in a rural school in the South West of England (Hall, 2010).
Mitochondrial Damage Associated With Long‐Term Antiretroviral Treatment: Associated Alteration or Causal Disorder?

&NA; Combination of antiretroviral drugs has dramatically improved the prognosis of human HIV infection but is also associated with many adverse effects, the mitochondrial origin of which is discussed. In this study using extensive diagnostic procedures set up for inherited mitochondrial disorders, we analyzed HIV+ patients under active antiretroviral therapy who complained of severe adverse symptoms unexplained by HIV. All these patients had been treated for at least 5 years. They all had significant mitochondrial damage as evidenced by the diverse combination of lactate accumulation in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, mitochondrial morphologic alterations in muscle, and biochemical defects in muscle and liver, which designated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the main target of the toxic mechanisms. Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction ‐based analyses disclosed multiple deletions of the muscle mtDNA and reduction of the muscle and/or liver mtDNA copy number in a majority of the patients. In opposition to muscle and liver, blood mononuclear cells were devoid of significant biochemical or genetic alterations. Whether the mitochondrial toxicity is directly responsible for the patients' adverse symptoms remains disputable, because the investigations were transversal. Its severity argues for its clinical relevance, however. The skewed tissue distribution of mitochondrial alterations indicates potential pitfalls in the needed future prospective studies.
Social Cognitive Neuroscience of Empathy: Concepts, Circuits, and Genes

This article reviews concepts of, as well as neurocognitive and genetic studies on, empathy. Whereas cognitive empathy can be equated with affective theory of mind, that is, with mentalizing the emotions of others, affective empathy is about sharing emotions with others. The neural circuits underlying different forms of empathy do overlap but also involve rather specific brain areas for cognitive (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and affective (anterior insula, midcingulate cortex, and possibly inferior frontal gyrus) empathy. Furthermore, behavioral and imaging genetic studies provide evidence for a genetic basis for empathy, indicating a possible role for oxytocin and dopamine as well as for a genetic risk variant for schizophrenia near the gene ZNF804A.
Imagined intergroup contact promotes cooperation through outgroup trust

The present research aims to investigate whether salience of memberships during imagined contact is necessary for producing generalized positive attitudes toward the outgroup and promoting intergroup cooperation. After a warm-up task that involved reciprocal self-disclosure during the imagined interaction with an outgroup member, we manipulated interpersonal versus intergroup features of imagined contact. Results indicated that participants who imagined a conversation with a Muslim focusing on intergroup differences subsequently reported more positive attitudes and cooperative intentions toward Muslim immigrants compared to either participants who imagined the interaction at the interpersonal level or participants in a control condition. Moreover, these effects were found to be mediated by outgroup trust. These findings attest to the strength of interventions based on imagined intergroup contact and suggest a possible implementation of the technique.
REQUIREMENT FOR C5a IN LUNG VASCULAR INJURY FOLLOWING THERMAL TRAUMA TO RAT SKIN

Previous studies in rats have shown that deep second degree dermal burns, involving 28–30% of total body surface area, result in systemic complement activation, appearance in plasma of chemotactic activity, sequestration of blood neutrophils in lung capillaries, and development of neutrophil-dependent dermal vascular and lung vascular injury. Although blockade of complement activation or depletion of complement before skin burns has resulted in significant attenuation of tissue injury both locally and distally (in lung), a role for C5a in these events is unclear. In the following studies, we demonstrate the presence of C5a and neutrophil chemotactic activity in serum and in lung homogenates after thermal injury. C5a has also been found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of thermally injured animals. Treatment of animals with a polyclonal neutralizing rabbit antibody to rat C5a was lung protective. The protective effects of the antibody (anti-C5a) were associated with diminished vascular permeability changes, as well as reduced tissue build-up of myeloperoxidase. Anti-C5a also prevented up-regulation of lung vascular ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) in skin-burned rats. These observations indicate that C5a is essential for development of neutrophil accumulation and vascular permeability increases in distant (lung) organs after thermal trauma to skin. The protective effects of anti-C5a in lung, appear to be related to prevention of up-regulation of vascular ICAM-1. Accordingly, C5a may represent a target for clinical approaches in the treatment of organ injury following thermal trauma.
Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice: A Patterns-of-Care and Outcome Analysis

Introduction: To evaluate safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a patterns-of-care and patterns-of-outcome analysis. Methods: The working group “Extracranial Stereotactic Radiotherapy” of the German Society for Radiation Oncology performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of practice and outcome after SBRT for stage I NSCLC. Sixteen German and Austrian centers with experience in pulmonary SBRT were asked to participate. Results: Data of 582 patients treated at 13 institutions between 1998 and 2011 were collected; all institutions, except one, were academic hospitals. A time trend to more advanced radiotherapy technologies and escalated irradiation doses was observed, but patient characteristics (age, performance status, pulmonary function) remained stable over time. Interinstitutional variability was substantial in all treatment characteristics but not in patient characteristics. After an average follow-up of 21 months, 3-year freedom from local progression (FFLP) and overall survival (OS) were 79.6% and 47.1%, respectively. The biological effective dose was the most significant factor influencing FFLP and OS: after more than 106 Gy biological effective dose as planning target volume encompassing dose (N = 164), 3-year FFLP and OS were 92.5% and 62.2%, respectively. No evidence of a learning curve or improvement of results with larger SBRT experience and implementation of new radiotherapy technologies was observed. Conclusion: SBRT for stage I NSCLC was safe and effective in this multi-institutional, academic environment, despite considerable interinstitutional variability and time trends in SBRT practice. Radiotherapy dose was identified as a major treatment factor influencing local tumor control and OS.
Crossover of burnout from leaders to followers: a longitudinal study

The primary purpose of this 6-month two-wave longitudinal study among 104 Chinese leader–follower dyads is to investigate whether burnout could cross over from leaders to followers, and if so, whether this crossover process could be mediated by changes of followers’ job and personal resources. As expected, the structural equation modelling results show that after controlling for follower burnout at T1, leader burnout at T1 is negatively related to changes of followers’ job and personal resources over a period of 6 months, which in turn are negatively related to follower burnout at T2. Our longitudinal study has demonstrated that resource loss plays a mediating role in the crossover of burnout from leaders to followers. The implications of these findings for the intervention of burnout in the work context are discussed.