Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cobalt cardiomyopathy: clinical aspects

On 24 August I965 a 39-year-old stevedore was admitted to the Department of Surgery of the Hotel-Dieu de Quebec. The clinical picture was unusual. The patient complained of severe epigastric pain, with tenderness localized to the upper part of the abdomen. He was deeply cyanotic; this greyish hue was found especially in the face, neck, and abdomen. He was short of breath but lay flat in bed. Above all, he was very anxious and agitated, but did not present any evidence of incoherence or gross tremor. The patient admitted to drinking regularly an average of 25 pints of beer (Brand XXX) daily. On physical examination of the cardiovascular system his heart rate was regular at II5 beats per minute, and blood pressure was 80/60 mm. Hg. Arterial pulses were symmetrical but of small volume. The jugular veins were distended, and a prominent 'a' wave could easily be detected. Palpation of the praecordium was negative. No murmurs could be heard on auscultation of the heart, but loud third and fourth heart sounds were obvious. In spite of the low blood pressure and the quiet heart, a diagnosis of beriberi was made. The patient was catheterized after he had been fully digitalized and received diuretics. Instead of the high cardiac output that was expected, the cardiac index was i 81. /min. and did not rise after a 25-second exercise period. The end-diastolic ventricular pressures were elevated in both ventricles. It was felt that this patient presented an unusual form ofalcoholic myocardiopathy. He was treated in the usual fashion, given thiamine in large dosage, made a slow recovery, and went back to work, and to beer.
Optical fiber amplifier and optical communication system using same

The present invention, in order to achieve a flat gain spectrum and broadband, relates to the following four structures. The first relates to the structure of the excitation tellurite fiber with two wavelengths and the wavelength of the excitation light which is only a certain amount of different Raman amplifiers. Raman amplifiers or second configuration relates to an optical communication system using silica and tellurite optical fiber. A third configuration relates to an optical fiber amplifier using a low concentration of erbium-doped tellurite fiber. The fourth configuration involves the use of an optical fiber doped with erbium-doped fiber amplifier and a rare earth metal tellurite optical fiber.
Uptake of Pyocin S3 Occurs through the Outer Membrane Ferripyoverdine Type II Receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Pyocin S3 was found to kill exclusively Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing type II pyoverdine (exemplified by strain ATCC 27853). Killing was specifically inhibited by addition of type II ferripyoverdine. All Tn5 mutants resistant to pyocin S3 were defective for pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake and failed to produce an 85-kDa iron-repressed outer membrane protein. We conclude that this protein is probably the type II ferripyoverdine receptor that is used by pyocin S3 to gain entry into the cell.
Ieee Transactions on Software Engineering an Analysis and Survey of the Development of Mutation Testing

— Mutation Testing is a fault–based software testing technique that has been widely studied for over three decades. The literature on Mutation Testing has contributed a set of approaches, tools, developments and empirical results. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and survey of Mutation Testing. The paper also presents the results of several development trend analyses. These analyses provide evidence that Mutation Testing techniques and tools are reaching a state of maturity and applicability, while the topic of Mutation Testing itself is the subject of increasing interest.
DFT and Minimum Leakage Pattern Generation for Static Power Reduction During Test and Burn-In

This paper presents a design for testability and minimum leakage pattern generation technique to reduce static power during test and burn-in for nanometer technologies. This technique transforms the minimum leakage pattern generation problem into a pseudo-Boolean optimization (PBO) problem. Nonlinear objective functions of leakage power are approximated by linear ones such that this problem can be solved efficiently by an existing PBO solver. A partitioning-based algorithm is applied for control point insertion and also CPU time reduction. Experimental results on the IEEE ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 90-nm technology show that, for large circuits, the static power is reduced from 8.3% (without partition) to 17.47% (with 64 partitions). Besides, the overall CPU time is reduced from 3600 s (without partition) to 83 s (with 64 partitions). This technique reduces the static power without changing the manufacturing process or library cells.
Phase Behavior, DNA Ordering, and Size Instability of Cationic Lipoplexes

Mechanisms of cationic lipid-based nucleic acid delivery are receiving increasing attention, but despite this the factors that determine high or low activity of lipoplexes are poorly understood. This study is focused on the fine structure of cationic lipid-DNA complexes (lipoplexes) and its relevance to transfection efficiency. Monocationic (N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl),N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride,N-(1-(2,3-dimyristyloxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium bromide) and polycationic (2,3-dioleyloxy-N-[2(sperminecarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanammonium trifluoroacetate) lipid-based assemblies, with or without neutral lipid (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol) were used to prepare lipoplexes of different L+/DNA− charge ratios. Circular dichroism, cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy, and static light scattering were used for lipoplex characterization, whereas expression of human growth hormone or green fluorescent protein was used to quantify transfection efficiency. All monocationic lipids in the presence of inverted hexagonal phase-promoting helper lipids (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol) induced appearance of Ψ− DNA, a chiral tertiary DNA structure. The formation of Ψ− DNA was also dependent on cationic lipid-DNA charge ratio. On the other hand, monocationic lipids either alone or with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine as helper lipid, or polycationic 2,3-dioleyloxy-N-[2(sperminecarboxamido)ethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanammonium trifluoroacetate-based assemblies, neither of which promotes a lipid-DNA hexagonal phase, did not induce the formation of Ψ− DNA. Parallel transfection studies reveal that the size and phase instability of the lipoplexes, and not the formation of Ψ− DNA structure, correlate with optimal transfection.
Biologic Characterization of Chicken-Derived H6N2 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Ducks

Abstract Low pathogenic avian influenza H6N2 viruses were biologically characterized by infecting chickens and ducks in order to compare adaptation of these viruses in these species. We examined the clinical signs, virus shedding, and immune response to infection in 4-wk-old white leghorn chickens and in 2-wk-old Pekin ducks. Five H6N2 viruses isolated between 2000 and 2004 from chickens in California, and one H6N2 virus isolated from chickens in New York in 1998, were given intrachoanally at a dose of 1 × 106 50% embryo infectious dose per bird. Oral–pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken at 2, 4, and 7 days postinoculation (PI) and tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for presence of virus. Serum was collected at 7, 14, and 21 days PI and examined for avian influenza virus antibodies by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing. Virus shedding for all of the viruses was detected in the oral–pharyngeal swabs from chickens at 2 and 4 days PI, but only three of the five viruses were detected at 7 days PI. Only two viruses were detected in the cloacal swabs from the chickens. Virus shedding for four of the five viruses was detected in the oral–pharyngeal cavity of the ducks, and fecal shedding was detected for three of the viruses (including the virus not shed by the oral–pharyngeal route) in ducks at 4 and 7 days PI. All other fecal swabs from the ducks were negative. Fewer ducks shed virus compared to chickens. Both the chickens and the ducks developed antibodies, as evidenced by HI and ELISA titers. The data indicate that the H6N2 viruses can infect both chickens and ducks, but based on the number of birds shedding virus and on histopathology, the viruses appear to be more adapted to chickens. Virus shedding, which could go unnoticed in the absence of clinical signs in commercial chickens, can lead to transmission of the virus among poultry. However, the viruses isolated in 2004 did not appear to replicate or cause more disease than earlier virus isolates.
Differential expression of ribosomal proteins in a human metastasis model identified by coupling 2-D liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND Proteomic profiling of an experimental tumor metastasis model has the potential to identify gene products that can influence this fatal phenotype of tumor cells. In this study, we focused on the notoriously difficult to assess ribosomal protein component of a pair of cell lines which originate from the same tumor but have opposite metastatic capabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell lysate proteins were separated using a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system directly coupled to an ESI-TOF mass spectrometer for accurate intact protein MW analysis. Characterization of distinct post-translational modifications and sequence variation within several ribosomal proteins was obtained using monolithic capillary LC/MS/MS, MALDI-MS and -MS/MS. RESULTS The combination of these techniques enabled the identification of 45 unique ribosomal proteins, several of which were differentially expressed in metastatic M4A4 cells. CONCLUSION The described proteomic profiling approach enables the identification of phenotype-associated ribosomal proteins for subsequent functional analyses and disease biomarker development.
Studies on pattern regulation in Hydra. IV. The effect of colcemide and puromycin on polarity and regulation.

Regulation in hydra is polarized, the new hypostome always forming at the distal end of an isolated piece. Polarity is rigorously maintained in such pieces but can be altered in graft combination (Peebles, 1900; King, 1901; Morgan, 1901; Browne, 1909; Goetsch, 1929; Tardent, 1960; Webster, 1966 b ). Previous investigations (Webster, 1966 a, b ; Webster & Wolpert, 1966) have suggested that polarized regulation occurs as a result of the interaction of three factors: time for hypostome determination, inhibition of hypostome determination and threshold for inhibition. All these factors appear to be graded along the axis. There is some evidence that time for hypostome determination and threshold for inhibition are closely linked factors (Webster, 1966 b ) and in many experiments it is not possible to distinguish between them. For this reason they are referred to throughout this paper as ‘time-threshold’ factors or properties.
The Malawi 2002 famine: destitution, democracy and donors

The validity of two famine theories at the political level is assessed using the Malawi 2002 famine: (i) Amartya Sen’s thesis of a positive impact of democracy on famine protection and (ii) De Waal’s thesis stressing the importance of anti-famine contracts. Both theses fall short of explaining the Malawi 2002 famine, as it occurred despite the existence of pluralistic institutions, a free press, and strong government attention to issues of food security. Rather, the famine appears to be caused by deteriorating donor relations just as the weak Malawi government was particularly dependent on international humanitarian aid.
Evaluation of a cognitive behavioural bibliotherapy self-help intervention program on the promotion of resilience inindividuals with depression

Depression is projected to become the major mental health problem in Thailand. One way of helping people with depression is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy incorporated in bibliotherapy. The study used a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week modularised self-help intervention program in promoting resilience in people living in the community with moderate depression. Based on a power analysis, a sample of 56 individuals with moderate depression was recruited through Suan Prung Psychiatric Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Data were collected with standardised psychometric instruments, including Resilience Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of intervention, and four weeks after the completion of the intervention. Data were analysed using SPSS, Version 16.0. The findings showed there were statistically significant differences between the intervention and the control group in their resilience, depression and psychological distress levels. The participants who completed the self-help manual achieved greater resilience and lower levels of depression and psychological distress than the control group. The findings support the use of bibliotherapy for people with moderate depression in a Thai context. Bibliotherapy is straightforward to use, and an easily accessible addition to the standard approach to promoting recovery from depression. It is readily incorporated into the work of mental health professionals in promoting resilience and enhancing recovery in people with moderate depression in the community.
ABCC1 Is Related to the Protection of the Distal Nephron against Hyperosmolality and High Sodium Environment: Possible Implications for Cancer Chemotherapy

Aims Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage. ABCC1 protein transports GSH. Although this protein is largely studied in cancer, due to multidrug resistance phenotype, its role in the tubular cells of the kidney is unknown. The goal of this study was to find out whether ABCC1 has a role in protecting cells from the distal nephron against the stress caused by high medullar osmolality. Main Methods MA104 cells were treated with high concentrations of sodium chloride, urea, or both to raise the osmolality of the culture medium. Cell viability was accessed by MTT and trypan blue assays. ABCC1 expression and extrusion of carboxi-fluorescein (CF), a fluorescent ABCC1 substrate, were measured by flow cytometry. Key Findings Incubation of MA104 cells in a high sodium concentration medium resulted in changes in cell granularity and altered expression and activity of ABCC1. Urea did not alter ABCC1 expression or activity, but reversed the observed NaCl effects. High sodium concentrations also had a negative effect on cell viability and urea also protected cells against this effect. Significance Our findings demonstrate that ABCC1 plays a significant role in the protection of kidney epithelial cells against the stress caused by high sodium environment present in renal medulla.
The contribution of nitrogen deposition to the eutrophication signal in understorey plant communities of European forests

Abstract We evaluated effects of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen on the composition of forest understorey vegetation both in space and time, using repeated data from the European wide monitoring program ICP‐Forests, which focuses on normally managed forest. Our aim was to assess whether both spatial and temporal effects of deposition can be detected by a multiple regression approach using data from managed forests over a relatively short time interval, in which changes in the tree layer are limited. To characterize the vegetation, we used indicators derived from cover percentages per species using multivariate statistics and indicators derived from the presence/absence, that is, species numbers and Ellenberg's indicator values. As explanatory variables, we used climate, altitude, tree species, stand age, and soil chemistry, besides deposition of nitrate, ammonia and sulfate. We analyzed the effects of abiotic conditions at a single point in time by canonical correspondence analysis and multiple regression. The relation between the change in vegetation and abiotic conditions was analyzed using redundancy analysis and multiple regression, for a subset of the plots that had both abiotic data and enough species to compute a mean Ellenberg N value per plot using a minimum of three species. Results showed that the spatial variation in the vegetation is mainly due to “traditional” factors such as soil type and climate, but a statistically significant part of the variation could be ascribed to atmospheric deposition of nitrate. The change in the vegetation over the past c. 10 years was also significantly correlated to nitrate deposition. Although the effect of deposition on the individual species could not be clearly defined, the effect on the vegetation as a whole was a shift toward nitrophytic species as witnessed by an increase in mean Ellenberg's indicator value.
Look ma(rket), No Hands! Optimism Bias and Illusion of Control in FinanceProfessionals

The optimism bias is the tendency to judge one’s own risk as less than the risk of others. In the present study we found that also finance professionals (N = 60) displayed an optimism bias when forecasting the return of an investment made by themselves or by a colleague of the same expertise. Using a multidimensional approach to the assessment of risk perception, we found that participants’ forecasts were biased not because they judged negative consequences as less likely for themselves, but because they were overconfident in their ability to avoid and control them.
The quality of life of men with locally advanced prostate cancer during neoadjuvant hormone therapy: data from the Medical Research Council RT01 trial (ISRCTN 47772397)

To explore patients’ quality of life (QoL) during neoadjuvant hormone therapy (HT) using data from the Medical Research Council RT01 trial of standard‐ (64 Gy/32‐fraction) and high‐ (74 Gy/37‐fraction) dose radiotherapy (RT, both given conformally).
Water Transport by Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

ABSTRACT Subterranean termites are extremely vulnerable to desiccation, and high moisture makes their habitat and food favorable for survival and colony growth. Although there is a general perception that termites can manipulate moisture, documentation is surprisingly scanty with regard to how termites transport water and the factors that impact it. There has been no study of water transfer by Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, a notoriously invasive termite in the southern United States. We conducted a study to determine if C. formosanus transfers water. Bioassays using arenas with a dry food source connected to a moist substrate by either a short tube (10 cm) or a long tube (100 cm) were conducted. Three moistened substrate types were tested to see how they impacted water transfer. In addition, workers and soldiers sampled from a moist sand substrate were dissected to determine water sac volumes for possible transfer of water to wood. The results indicated that some water transfer is achieved by the evacuation of water sacs. However, moist soil was also moved to increase humidity. When termites had use of moist silty clay, wood moisture gain increased significantly in both 10 and 100 cm tubes. As tube distance increased, moisture to the more distant food source decreased. Workers had the largest water sacs, though soldiers appear to contribute in water transfer via water sacs as well. Water transfer and its implications are discussed.
Has the number of Indian summer monsoon depressions decreased over the last 30 years?

Monsoon depressions are cyclonic atmospheric vortices with outer radii near 1000 km that form within the larger‐scale monsoon circulations of India and other regions. Recent studies have reported a downward trend in recent decades in the number of Indian summer monsoon depressions. In particular, the years 2002, 2010, and 2012 were noted for having the first summers, in over a century, in which no depressions formed. Here satellite and reanalysis data are used to document the existence of multiple storms in the summers of 2002, 2010, and 2012 that meet traditional criteria for classification as monsoon depressions. Furthermore, the number of extreme synoptic events occurring each summer over the Bay of Bengal is estimated from satellite scatterometers and exhibits no statistically significant trend over the last three decades. These results raise questions about the validity of previously claimed large trends in monsoon depression activity in the Indian summer monsoon.
BIOREMEDIATION WITH THE WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES): A PANACEA FOR RIVER POLLUTION IN THE CITY OF MASVINGO (ZIMBABWE)?

River pollution poses a major threat to Zimbabwe’s natural water courses, especially those that pass through urban centres. This study examines the effectiveness of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in remediating the Shagashe River, which has been heavily polluted by raw sewage from Masvingo City’s sewage treatment works. It is based on surveys, which were conducted between August and October 2012 as well as data from the Environmental Management Agency (EMA), a watch dog of Zimbabwe’s environment. Although laboratory experiments indicate that the weed is an effective agent of wastewater bioremediation, results from this survey show that under natural conditions this may not be the case probably due to the continuous flow of water downstream, which does not provide the weed with adequate contact time for bioremediation. For this reason, the weed does not provide a remedy for the polluted river. The paper suggests alternative solutions for the problem of river pollution in the city so that sustainable development (SD) can be achieved.
Laryngeal papillomatosis in children: The impact of late recognition over evolution

To assess the impact of the delay in recognition of the initial symptoms of laryngeal papillomatosis in children over the evolution of the disease. Retrospective study of patients with respiratory papillomatosis referred from general pediatric practices to a tertiary hospital with pediatric laryngology specialization. Gender, age at time of diagnosis, symptom duration, sites affected at the time of diagnosis, treatment, and evolution of the disease over time were evaluated. From January 2003 to December 2013, 21 patients (15 females and 6 males) were identified and followed for at least 3 years. The average age at which symptoms first appeared was 40.2 months, and the average age at the time of initial treatment was 76 months. The most frequent clinical manifestation was hoarseness. The most common site of involvement was the glottis followed by the supraglottis and subglottis, respectively. Three of the 21 patients required tracheostomy. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 52.3 months. There were no fatalities. On average 3.7 procedures were performed per patient. Patients presenting more than 1 year from the symptom onset to the time of first treatment required a greater number of procedures to control disease. Delay in diagnosis can have negative clinical consequences due to disease progression. The later the diagnosis the more surgeries are needed to control the disease. Involvement of the subglottic larynx is a risk factor for emergent tracheostomy. J. Med. Virol. 87:1413–1417, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Grounded theory for geeks

Grounded Theory (GT) is gaining popularity as research method in Software Engineering; however, it is still not widely understood. We present some patterns based on the use of GT to study Software Engineering contexts including our own experiences of applying classic GT in an attempt to make it more accessible for Software Engineering researchers (aka 'geeks').