Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of short-term high-intensity interval training vs . continuous training on O 2 uptake kinetics , muscle deoxygenation , and exercise performance

McKay BR, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM. Effect of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. continuous training on O2 uptake kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 107: 128–138, 2009. First published May 14, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90828. 2008. —The early time course of adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2p) (reflecting muscle O2 consumption) and muscle deoxygenation kinetics (reflecting the rate of O2 extraction) were examined during high-intensity interval (HIT) and lower-intensity continuous endurance (END) training. Twelve male volunteers underwent eight sessions of either HIT (8–12 1-min intervals at 120% maximal O2 uptake separated by 1 min of rest) or END (90–120 min at 65% maximal O2 uptake). Subjects completed step transitions to a moderate-intensity work rate ( 90% estimated lactate threshold) on five occasions throughout training, and ramp incremental and constant-load performance tests were conducted at pre-, mid-, and posttraining periods. V̇O2p was measured breath-by-breath by mass spectrometry and volume turbine. Deoxygenation (change in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration; [HHb]) of the vastus lateralis muscle was monitored by nearinfrared spectroscopy. The fundamental phase II time constants for V̇O2p ( V̇O2) and deoxygenation kinetics {effective time constant, (time delay ), [HHb]} during moderate-intensity exercise were estimated using nonlinear least-squares regression techniques. The V̇O2 was reduced by 20% (P 0.05) after only two training sessions and by 40% (P 0.05) after eight training sessions (i.e., posttraining), with no differences between HIT and END. The [HHb] ( 20 s) did not change over the course of eight training sessions. These data suggest that faster activation of muscle O2 utilization is an early adaptive response to both HIT and lowerintensity END training. That [HHb] kinetics (a measure of fractional O2 extraction) did not change despite faster V̇O2p kinetics suggests that faster kinetics of muscle O2 utilization were accompanied by adaptations in local muscle (microvascular) blood flow and O2 delivery, resulting in a similar “matching” of blood flow to O2 utilization. Thus faster kinetics of V̇O2p during the transition to moderateintensity exercise occurs after only 2 days HIT and END training and without changes to muscle deoxygenation kinetics, suggesting concurrent adaptations to microvascular perfusion.
Outcome of adult T-lymphoblastic lymphoma after acute lymphoblastic leukemia-type treatment: a GOELAMS trial

Background and Objectives T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is an infrequent disease usually treated as T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an induction chemotherapy course and sequential reinduction and maintenance chemotherapy. The T-LBL/ALL-GOELAL02 study evaluated the impact of randomized reinduction chemotherapy against intensified conditioning followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), after an induction regimen of the type used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Design and Methods Patients with favorable characteristics were randomized to receive chemotherapy or ASCT. Patients with unfavorable characteristics (bone marrow involvement and age over 35 years old or leukocytosis >30 × 109/L or failure to achieve medullar complete remission [CR] after one induction course) received a second induction course and ASCT. Results Among 45 patients, the CR rate was 71% after induction and 87% after a second induction course. Within the group of 27 patients with favorable characteristics, ten received ASCT and 17 chemotherapy. Ten patients in the group with unfavorable characteristics received ASCT. The 7-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 64 and 65%, respectively. Surprisingly, CR obtained after only two induction courses was associated with improved overall survival (p=0.04). None of the known prognostic factors significantly affected survival. Interpretation and Conclusions Randomized maintenance or high-dose therapy (HDT) and ASCT or intensified HDT according to initial presentation gave similar overall and relapse-free survival rates. However, HDT allowed sparing of mediastinal irradiation and shortened treatment duration.
Pooled results of two randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% in fixed combination versus concomitant travoprost 0.004% and timolol 0.5%

Purpose: To compare the IOP-lowering efficacy of the fixed combination of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% dosed once daily in the morning with the concomitant administration of travoprost 0.004% dosed once daily in the evening and timolol 0.5% dosed once daily in the morning. Methods: This was an analysis of pooled data from two similarly designed prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing the fixed combination and concomitant therapy. Results: Mean IOP ranged from 15.7 to 16.8 mmHg for the fixed combination group, and from 15.1 to 16.4 mmHg for the concomitant group. Mean IOP reductions were up to 9.0 mmHg in the fixed combination group, and up to 8.8 mmHg in the concomitant group. The differences in mean IOP change between treatment groups ranged from −0.2 to +0.9 mmHg across visits and time points. The safety profile was generally similar between groups. An exception was the incidence of ocular hyperemia, which was 13.7% with the fixed combination and 20.8% with concomitant therapy (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The fixed combination of travoprost 0.004% and timolol 0.5% provides IOP-lowering efficacy that is similar to concomitant administration of travoprost 0.004% dosed once daily in the evening and timolol 0.5% dosed once daily in the morning.
Serum leptin concentrations and their relation to metabolic abnormalities in human sepsis

Carlson, G. L. , M. Saeed, R. A. Little, and M. H. Irving. Serum leptin concentrations and their relation to metabolic abnormalities in human sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Endocrinol. Metab. 39): E658–E662, 1999. —Circulating leptin concentrations are raised in animal models of inflammation and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sepsis on serum leptin concentration in humans and to examine the relationship between leptin and the metabolic consequences of sepsis. Resting energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and fasting serum leptin, plasma insulin, and cortisol concentrations were measured in 20 subjects with intra-abdominal sepsis and 20 healthy control subjects, before and during a 2-h period of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Fasting serum leptin concentrations were similar in septic and control subjects. In simple regression analysis, serum leptin concentrations correlated significantly with percent body fat in both septic patients (r 5 0.64, P , 0.005) and healthy subjects (r 5 0.75, P , 0.0001). Multiple regression analyses additionally indicated that percent body fat, fasting plasma insulin, and plasma cortisol, but not sepsis, were significant and independent determinants of serum leptin concentration. No relationship between leptin and resting energy expenditure or insulin sensitivity was identifiable. A major metabolic role for leptin in human sepsis therefore appears unlikely.
Interaction of SH 0 guided wave with a conical shaped point impacted damaged zone in a composite plate

The present paper deals with the numerical study of scattering behavior of incident SH0 guided wave mode towards a point impacted damaged zone in a thin plate. A 3D finite element frequency domain model is used to simulate the scattering of an incident guided wave mode at a frequency below A1 cut-off and wavelength comparable to the size of the damaged zone. The later is modeled as a conical shaped geometry with decayed material stiffness properties. The directivity of the scattered fields for the SH0 Lamb wave mode predicted numerically for different depths and base diameters of damaged zone are shown graphically. The scattering results may provide some information related to the extent and depth of the conical damage zone caused due to a point impact inside the composite plate using guided wave sensors.
Hummingbirds arrest their kidneys at night: diel variation in glomerular filtration rate in Selasphorus platycercus

SUMMARY Small nectarivorous vertebrates face a quandary. When feeding, they must eliminate prodigious quantities of water; however, when they are not feeding, they are susceptible to dehydration. We examined the role of the kidney in the resolution of this osmoregulatory dilemma. Broad-tailed hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus) displayed diurnal variation in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). During the morning, midday and evening, GFRs were 0.9±0.6, 1.8±0.4 and 2.3±0.5 ml h–1, respectively. At midday, GFR increased linearly with increased water intake. During the evening, hummingbirds decreased renal fractional water reabsorption linearly with increased water intake. Broad-tailed hummingbirds appeared to cease GFR at night (–0.1±0.2 ml h–1) and decreased GFR in response to short-term (∼1.5 h) water deprivation. GFR seems to be very responsive to water deprivation in hummingbirds. Although hummingbirds and other nectarivorous birds can consume astounding amounts of water, a phylogenetically explicit allometric analysis revealed that their diurnal GFRs are not different from the expectation based on body mass.
The combined effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a free radical scavenger in experimental glaucoma.

UNLABELLED PURPOSE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) had a limited effect on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats' eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The combined treatment of BDNF and a nonspecific free radical scavenger N-tert-butyl-(2-sulfophenyal)-nitrone (S-PBN) was investigated on the RGCs in hypertensive eyes of rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were separated into five groups: BDNF (0.5 microg) + S-PBN; BDNF (1. 0 microg) + S-PBN; BDNF (1.0 microg); S-PBN; and phosphate-buffered saline. Right eyes served as normal controls (n = 10). RGCs were labeled with 5% Fluoro Gold; injected into the superior colliculus. Three days after intratectal injection, the episcleral veins of the left eyes were cauterized. Intravitreal injection of BDNF was performed on days 5, 13, 21, and 29 after IOP elevation. S-PBN was injected intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg body wt) every 12 hours starting 30 minutes after cauterization. RESULTS The survival of RGCs using BDNF treatment alone in moderately hypertensive eyes and systemic administration of S-PBN alone did not significantly rescue the RGCs. However, the combination of BDNF and S-PBN increased the survival of RGCs to 90.1%. CONCLUSIONS Trophic factors and antioxidants have synergistic effects on rescuing RGCs from death in eyes with elevated IOP. Further studies of different combined treatment therapies may provide avenues to save RGCs from death in eyes with elevated IOP.
Self-association and Lipid Binding Properties of the Lipoprotein Initiating Domain of Apolipoprotein B*

The amino-terminal 20.1% of apolipoprotein B (apoB20.1; residues 1-912) is sufficient to initiate and direct the formation of nascent apoB-containing lipoprotein particles. To investigate the mechanism of initial lipid acquisition by apoB, we examined the lipid binding and interfacial properties of a carboxyl-terminal His6-tagged form of apoB20.1 (apoB20.1H). ApoB20.1H was expressed in Sf9 cells and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. ApoB20.1H was produced in a folded state as characterized by formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds and resistance to chemical reduction. Dynamic light scattering in physiological buffer indicated that purified apoB20.1H formed multimers, which were readily dissociable upon the addition of nonionic detergent (0.1% Triton X-100). ApoB20.1H was incapable of binding dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles, unless its multimeric structure was first disrupted by guanidine hydrochloride. However, apoB20.1H multimers spontaneously dissociated and bound to the interface of naked and phospholipid-coated triolein droplets. These data reveal that the initiating domain of apoB contains solvent-accessible hydrophobic sequences, which, in the absence of a hydrophobic lipid interface or detergent, engage in self-association. The high affinity of apoB20.1H for neutral lipid is consistent with the membrane binding and desorption model of apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly.
Simulation of the Incompressible Viscous Flow around Ducted Propellers with Rudders Using a RANSE Solver

Within EU Project SUPERPROP, fishing vessels have been studied. Usually their propulsion units consist of ducted propellers in order to provide large thrust in trawling. Rudders may significantly influence the performance of ducted propellers especially if they are located at short distance from the duct. This paper summarizes some of the CFD calculations performed as the starting point for the development of a new propeller design for a reference fishing boat. The basic design performance particulars were obtained from the analysis of the existing conventional ducted propeller installed in the ship. The flow around the original propeller geometry and around one of the alternative designs is simulated using RANS code FINFLO. As a part of the project the rudder blockage effect has been investigated using a quasi-steady approach.
Reviewer 2: This manuscript summarises the effects of an Atlantic diet score on a wide range of cardiovascular risk factors in a secondary data analysis from the EVIDENT

Line 29: included in the analysis, not selected for analysis. Answer: We have corrected this mistake (line 29): Line 30: without CVD is given as an exclusion here, and this does not match up with what is described in the methods. Answer: We have revised the paragraph relating the exclusion criteria in the methods section. We have rewording this paragraph according to the recommendations of the reviewers (line 107): Exclusion criteria were as follows: being over 70 years of age, having cardiovascular disease, heart failure, moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, musculoskeletal disease which prevented walking.
Finding CreativeVoice: Applying Arts-Based Research in the Context of Biodiversity Conservation

The integration of creative arts–based methods into scientific research offers a host of advantages, including the ability to capture the complex texture of lived experience, explore interconnections between nature and culture, support nonhierarchical relations, and communicate insights in engaging and empowering new ways. In this article, we describe a new method—CreativeVoice—integrating the creative arts and qualitative research, which we developed and applied in a context of pursuing community-based conservation of agricultural biodiversity. We developed CreativeVoice as an integrative method to help us understand the local contexts, cultures, and perspectives from community members of different ages and genders, in two contrasting farming communities in Oaxaca, Mexico. CreativeVoice effectively adapts and extends the Photovoice method so as to retain its benefits but address some of its limitations. This includes allowing participants to choose a genre of artistic expression connected to their own specific individual or cultural contexts and providing the capacity to move beyond capturing present-day realities to directly bring in connections to the past and visions for the future. This article describes both the CreativeVoice approach and the significant value of integrating arts-based methods into research for advancing sustainability.
Role of Spontaneous Current Oscillations during High-Efficiency Electrotransformation of Thermophilic Anaerobes

ABSTRACT Current oscillations at about 24 MHz were observed during electrotransformation (ET) of the thermophilic anaerobes Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405, C. thermocellum DSM 1313, and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum YS 485, using a pulse gated by a square signal generated by a custom generator. In experiments in which only the field strength was varied, all three of these strains resulted in a one-to-one correspondence between the appearance of current oscillations and successful ET. Oscillations accompanied ET of both C. thermocellum strains only at field strengths of ≥12 kV/cm, and ET was only observed above the same threshold. Similarly, for T. saccharolyticum, oscillations were only observed at field strengths of ≥10 kV/cm, and ET was only observed above the same threshold. When a passive electrical filter consisting of an inductor and resistor in parallel was added to the system to prevent the development of oscillations, ET efficiencies were reduced dramatically for all three strains at all field strengths tested. The maximum tested field strength, 25 kV/cm, resulted in the maximum measured transformation efficiency for all three strains. At this field strength, the efficiency of ET in the absence of oscillations was decreased compared to that observed in the presence of oscillations by 500-fold for C. thermocellum ATCC 27405, 2,500-fold for C. thermocellum DSM 1313, and 280-fold for T. saccharolyticum. Controls using the same apparatus with Escherichia coli cells or a resistor with a value representative of the direct current resistance of typical cell samples did not develop oscillations, and ET efficiencies obtained with E. coli were the same with or without the electrical filter included in the pulse generator circuit. The results are interpreted to indicate that spontaneously arising oscillations have a large beneficial effect on transformation efficiency in the system employed here and that the development of oscillations in this system is affected by the cell species present.
Analysis of the roles of dietary protein and calcium in fluoride‐induced changes in T‐lymphocyte subsets in rat

The roles of dietary protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) levels on the changes in T‐lymphocyte subsets induced by excessive fluoride (F) intake were assessed using rats that were malnourished for 120 days as a model. The CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes in the spleen tissue were determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assay. The percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes were reduced in the spleen of rats exposed to excessive F, and malnutrition aggravated these changes in the T‐lymphocytes. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ in the spleen were downregulated significantly. We also reported herein the increased apoptosis ratio following caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 upregulation in the spleen of rats exposed to excessive amount of F. Light and transmisison electron microscopy revealed the irregularly arranged lymphocytes, few lymph nodules and the apoptotic characteristic of lymphocytes, which are caused by the increased expression of caspase. In addition, Pr and Ca supplementation reversed the morphologic and T‐lymphocytic changes in spleen under malnutrition. Taken together, our results revealed an endogenous caspase‐mediated mechanism of regulating the apoptosis of the T‐lymphocyte subsets, as well as the immune‐related cytokine secretion, which reduces the immune function in F‐induced rats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1587–1595, 2017.
Parasites of dogs from Indian settlements in northwestern Canada: a survey with public health implications.

A total of 959 faecal samples were obtained from dogs in 12 native communities in Northern Saskatchewan, Central and Northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. All samples were examined using a flotation technique. Samples from an area of endemic human amoebic infections were also examined by a formol-ether sedimentation method. Eighteen necropsies were performed. Entamoeba histolytica cysts were recovered from dog faeces at Loon Lake, Saskatchewan. Toxocara canis had low incidence in Saskatchewan and Central Alberta, and appeared to be almost non-existent further North. Toxascaris leonina was found in all areas surveyed. Canine hookworm infections were plentiful in all areas, the highest incidence being recorded from Northern Alberta and Northwest Territories. Many Taenia (or Echinococcus) infections were found consistently in all areas. Only one infection with Dipylidium caninum was discovered.Metorchis conjunctus infections were found to be common in the Saskatchewan reserves. Infections with Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in all communities with access to good fishing. One specimen of Dioctophyma renale was recovered at necropsy. Infections with parasites of no known zoonotic importance such as Trichuris, Alaria and Isospora species were also recorded.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ALBANIAN GOAT BREEDS BASED ON MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

The domestic goat is one of the most important livestock species in mountainous area of Albania. In this study thirty microsatellite markers in 183 unrelated individuals from 6 local goat breeds are analyzed. Twenty nine markers had five or more alleles. All loci were polymorphic and a total of 331 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 11.03. Within breeds, the mean number of alleles ranged from 7.8 to 8. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.712 to 0.758. Allelic richness varied from 7.61 to 8.19. Inbreeding for all population is rather high F IS = 0.093, ranging from 0.075 to 0.103. The mean F ST (≈ 0.02) demonstrated that 98% of total genetic variation is due to genetic differentiation within each population.
Acute cellular rejection of human renal tissue by adoptive transfer of allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into chimeric rats: sequential gene expression of cytokines, chemokines and cytolytic effector molecules, and their regulation by CTLA-4-Ig.

T(h)1- and T(h)2-related cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), beta-chemokines (RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta) and their receptor [chemotatic cytokine receptor (CCR) 5], and the cytolytic effector molecule [Fas ligand (FasL)] play an essential role in regulating and co-ordinating acute renal allograft rejection. A chimeric model of acute cellular rejection which involves subcapsular grafting of human renal tissue in the kidneys of immunodeficient rats and subsequent i.p. infusion of allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used to study cellular infiltration patterns and sequential intragraft gene expression of these key inflammatory mediators. We found that while all molecules are expressed within the human renal implant at specific time points following infusion of allogeneic human PBMC, peak mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, RANTES and CCR5 is associated with a phase of human mononuclear infiltration and accumulation, prior to graft destruction (induction phase). A short burst of FasL gene expression is found at the end of induction and at the onset of graft deterioration. IL-4 mRNA, which is hardly detectable, and IL-10 mRNA, which appears early and persists throughout follow-up at high levels, both peak after the induction phase with the advent of graft destruction. Furthermore, treatment with CTLA-4-Ig, which hardly affects migration of human effector cells into graft tissue, is associated with a temporary reduction in gene transcript levels for all inflammatory mediators, especially IL-2 and IL-4, reduced apoptosis in the graft and amelioration of tissue injury. Thus, development of acute cellular rejection in our chimeric model involves a co-ordinated pattern of gene expression, in which CTLA-4-Ig promotes its effects by transient inactivation of infiltrating human cells.