Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Insights on the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: A Larger Radius and No Tidal Tails

We have investigated the spatial extent and structure of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy by using deep wide-field multicolor CCD photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our study covers an area of 27 deg2 around the center of the Draco dwarf and reaches 2 mag below the level of Draco's horizontal branch. The SDSS photometry allows very effective filtering in color-magnitude space. With such filtering the density of the foreground of Galactic field stars is decreased by more than an order of magnitude, and the stellar population of the Draco dwarf galaxy thus stands out with much higher contrast than in former investigations. We show that the spatial distribution of Draco's red giants, red horizontal-branch stars, and subgiants down to i* = 21.7 mag does not provide evidence for the existence of tidally induced tails or a halo of unbound stars. The projected surface density of the dwarf galaxy is flattened with a nearly constant ellipticity of 0.29 ± 0.02 at position angle 88° ± 3°. The radial profile can be fitted by King models, as well as by a generalized exponential. Using the empirical King profile, the core radius and the limiting (or tidal) radius along the major axis are rc = 7. ′7 and rt = 40. ′1, respectively; the latter means that the size of the Draco dwarf galaxy is 40% larger than previously measured. Fitting the profile of King's theoretical models yields a still larger limiting radius of rt = 49. ′5. There is no clear indication of a taillike extension of the Draco population beyond this radius. A break in the radial surface density profile, which might indicate a halo of extratidal stars, is also not found in our Draco data. We conclude that down to the above magnitude limit tidal effects can exist only at a level of 10-3 of the central surface density of Draco or below. The regular structure of Draco found from the new data argues against its being a portion of an unbound tidal stream and lends support to the assumption of dynamical equilibrium, which is the basis for mass estimation. The changes in the values for the core radius and limiting radius imply that the total mass of Draco is higher by more than a factor of 2. Using a King spherical model of equivalent size as a reference and adopting a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of either 10.7 or 8.5 km s-1, we derive estimates of the total mass within radius rt of (3.5 ± 0.7) × 107 M⊙ and (2.2 ± 0.5) × 107 M⊙, respectively. From the combined i-band flux of all possible Draco members that lie within major-axis radius rt we determine the total luminosity of the Draco dwarf galaxy as (L/L⊙)i = (2.4 ± 0.5) × 105. This includes corrections for the flux of the foreground stars and the unseen fainter part of the Draco population. We thus obtain overall mass-to-light ratios M/Li of 146 ± 42, or 92 ± 28 in solar units. In summary, our results strengthen the case for a strongly dark matter–dominated, bound stellar system.
Regulation of RasGRP1 Function in T Cell Development and Activation by Its Unique Tail Domain

The Ras-guanyl nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1 plays a critical role in T cell receptor-mediated Erk activation. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of RasGRP1 in the positive selection of thymocytes, activation of T cells, and control of autoimmunity. RasGRP1 consists of a number of well-characterized domains, which it shares with its other family members; however, RasGRP1 also contains an ∼200 residue-long tail domain, the function of which is unknown. To elucidate the physiological role of this domain, we generated knock-in mice expressing RasGRP1 without the tail domain. Further analysis of these knock-in mice showed that thymocytes lacking the tail domain of RasGRP1 underwent aberrant thymic selection and, following TCR stimulation, were unable to activate Erk. Furthermore, the deletion of the tail domain led to enhanced CD4+ T cell expansion in aged mice, as well as the production of autoantibodies. Mechanistically, the tail-deleted form of RasGRP1 was not able to traffic to the cell membrane following stimulation, indicating a potential reason for its inability to activate Erk. While the DAG-binding C1 domain of RasGRP1 has long been recognized as an important factor mediating Erk activation, we have revealed the physiological relevance of the tail domain in RasGRP1 function and control of Erk signaling.
Sunspot Transition Region Oscillations in NOAA 8156

Based on observations obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory joint observing program for velocity fields in sunspot regions, we have detected 3 minute transition region umbral oscillations in NOAA 8156. Simultaneous recordings of O V λ629 and N V λ1238, λ1242 with the SUMER instrument give the spatial distribution of power in the 3 minute oscillations, both in intensity and in line-of-sight velocity. Comparing loci with the same phase, we find that the entire umbral transition region oscillates. The observed maxima in peak line intensity are nearly in phase with the maxima in velocity directed toward the observer. We discuss the suggestion that the waves are upward-propagating acoustic waves.
The Genome-Wide Early Temporal Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Oxidative Stress Induced by Cumene Hydroperoxide

Oxidative stress is a well-known biological process that occurs in all respiring cells and is involved in pathophysiological processes such as aging and apoptosis. Oxidative stress agents include peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide, the thiol oxidant diamide, and menadione, a generator of superoxide, amongst others. The present study analyzed the early temporal genome-wide transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to oxidative stress induced by the aromatic peroxide cumene hydroperoxide. The accurate dataset obtained, supported by the use of temporal controls, biological replicates and well controlled growth conditions, provided a detailed picture of the early dynamics of the process. We identified a set of genes previously not implicated in the oxidative stress response, including several transcriptional regulators showing a fast transient response, suggesting a coordinated process in the transcriptional reprogramming. We discuss the role of the glutathione, thioredoxin and reactive oxygen species-removing systems, the proteasome and the pentose phosphate pathway. A data-driven clustering of the expression patterns identified one specific cluster that mostly consisted of genes known to be regulated by the Yap1p and Skn7p transcription factors, emphasizing their mediator role in the transcriptional response to oxidants. Comparison of our results with data reported for hydrogen peroxide identified 664 genes that specifically respond to cumene hydroperoxide, suggesting distinct transcriptional responses to these two peroxides. Genes up-regulated only by cumene hydroperoxide are mainly related to the cell membrane and cell wall, and proteolysis process, while those down-regulated only by this aromatic peroxide are involved in mitochondrial function.
Effects of MHD slow shocks propagating along magnetic flux tubes in a dipole magnetic field

Abstract. Variations of the plasma pressure in a magnetic flux tube can produce MHD waves evolving into shocks. In the case of a low plasma beta, plasma pressure pulses in the magnetic flux tube generate MHD slow shocks propagating along the tube. For converging magnetic field lines, such as in a dipole magnetic field, the cross section of the magnetic flux tube decreases enormously with increasing magnetic field strength. In such a case, the propagation of MHD waves along magnetic flux tubes is rather different from that in the case of uniform magnetic fields. In this paper, the propagation of MHD slow shocks is studied numerically using the ideal MHD equations in an approximation suitable for a thin magnetic flux tube with a low plasma beta. The results obtained in the numerical study show that the jumps in the plasma parameters at the MHD slow shock increase greatly while the shock is propagating in the narrowing magnetic flux tube. The results are applied to the case of the interaction between Jupiter and its satellite Io, the latter being considered as a source of plasma pressure pulses.
Cross-validation in nonparametric regression with outliers

A popular data-driven method for choosing the bandwidth in standard kernel regression is cross-validation. Even when there are outliers in the data, robust kernel regression can be used to estimate the unknown regression curve [Robust and Nonlinear Time Series Analysis. Lecture Notes in Statist. (1984) 26 163-184]. However, under these circumstances standard cross-validation is no longer a satisfactory bandwidth selector because it is unduly influenced by extreme prediction errors caused by the existence of these outliers. A more robust method proposed here is a cross-validation method that discounts the extreme prediction errors. In large samples the robust method chooses consistent bandwidths, and the consistency of the method is practically independent of the form in which extreme prediction errors are discounted. Additionally, evaluation of the method's finite sample behavior in a simulation demonstrates that the proposed method performs favorably. This method can also he applied to other problems, for example, model selection, that require cross-validation.
Mean-field and direct numerical simulations of magnetic flux concentrations from vertical field

Context. Strongly stratified hydromagnetic turbulence has previously been found to produce magnetic flux concentrations if the domain is large enough compared with the size of turbulent eddies. Mean-field simulations (MFS) using parameterizations of the Reynolds and Maxwell stresses show a large-scale negative effective magnetic pressure instability and have been able to reproduce many aspects of direct numerical simulations (DNS) regarding growth rate, shape of the resulting magnetic structures, and their height as a function of magnetic field strength. Unlike the case of an imposed horizontal field, for a vertical one, magnetic flux concentrations of equipartition strength with the turbulence can be reached, resulting in magnetic spots that are reminiscent of sunspots. Aims. We determine under what conditions magnetic flux concentrations with vertical field occur and what their internal structure is. Methods. We use a combination of MFS, DNS, and implicit large-eddy simulations (ILES) to characterize the resulting magnetic flux concentrations in forced isothermal turbulence with an imposed vertical magnetic field. Results. Using DNS, we confirm earlier results that in the kinematic stage of the large-scale instability the horizontal wavelength of structures is about 10 times the density scale height. At later times, even larger structures are being produced in a fashion similar to inverse spectral transfer in helically driven turbulence. Using ILES, we find that magnetic flux concentrations occur for Mach numbers between 0.1 and 0.7. They occur also for weaker stratification and larger turbulent eddies if the domain is wide enough. Using MFS, the size and aspect ratio of magnetic structures are determined as functions of two input parameters characterizing the parameterization of the effective magnetic pressure. DNS, ILES, and MFS show magnetic flux tubes with mean-field energies comparable to the turbulent kinetic energy. These tubes can reach a length of about eight density scale heights. Despite being ≤1% equipartition strength, it is important that their lower part is included within the computational domain to achieve the full strength of the instability. Conclusions. The resulting vertical magnetic flux tubes are being confined by downflows along the tubes and corresponding inflow from the sides, which keep the field concentrated. Application to sunspots remains a viable possibility.
RIDING THE SOUTH SEA

This paper presents a case study of a well-informed investor in the South Sea bubble. We argue that Hoare's Bank, a fledgling West End London banker, knew that a bubble was in progress and that it invested knowingly in the bubble; it was profitable to "ride the bubble. " Using a unique dataset on daily trades, we show that this sophisticated investor was not constrained by institutional factors such as restrictions on short sales or agency problems. Instead, this study demonstrates that predictable investor sentiment can prevent attacks on a bubble; rational investors may only attack when some coordinating event promotes joint action.
The Specific Character Traits of Young Entrepreneurs in Slovakia

Abstract Worldwide scientific researches present the entrepreneurs have to declare specific characteristic traits to be successful in the business. This paper is focused on the comparison of the specific character traits between potential young entrepreneurs and other young people. The aim is to compare the three chosen character traits differences between these two focus groups by using the statistical method of Pearson's chi-square and bring the answers on the questions why some people incline to becoming the entrepreneurs more intensively than others, and what are the differences between them in relation to the character traits and their personality characteristics. The research was conducted among 1233 young people in all regions of Slovakia in 2012. The results show, that young people who plan to become an entrepreneur, are more creative, willing to face the risk, more confident in the solvation of complicated problems and difficult tasks with the opposite group of respondents.
Effect of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase val158met Genotype on Attentional Control

The cingulate cortex is richly innervated by dopaminergic projections and plays a critical role in attentional control (AC). Evidence indicates that dopamine enhances the neurophysiological signal-to-noise ratio and that dopaminergic tone in the frontal cortex is critically dependent on catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). A functional polymorphism (val158met) in the COMT gene accounts for some of the individual variability in executive function mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We explored the effect of this genetic polymorphism on cingulate engagement during a novel AC task. We found that the COMT val158met polymorphism also affects the function of the cingulate during AC. Individuals homozygous for the high-activity valine (“val”) allele show greater activity and poorer performance than val/methionine (“met”) heterozygotes, who in turn show greater activity and poorer performance than individuals homozygous for the low-activity met allele, and these effects are most evident at the highest demand for AC. These results indicate that met allele load and presumably enhanced dopaminergic tone improve the “efficiency” of local circuit processing within the cingulate cortex and thereby its function during AC.
A talin-dependent LFA-1 focal zone is formed by rapidly migrating T lymphocytes

Cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells migrate through the coordinated responses of discrete integrin-containing focal adhesions and complexes. In contrast, little is known about the organization of integrins on the highly motile T lymphocyte. We have investigated the distribution, activity, and cytoskeletal linkage of the integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on human T lymphocytes migrating on endothelial cells and on ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The pattern of total LFA-1 varies from low expression in the lamellipodia to high expression in the uropod. However, high affinity, clustered LFA-1 is restricted to a mid-cell zone that remains stable over time and over a range of ICAM-1 densities. Talin is essential for the stability and formation of the LFA-1 zone. Disruption of the talin–integrin link leads to loss of zone integrity and a substantial decrease in speed of migration on ICAM-1. This adhesive structure, which differs from the previously described integrin-containing attachments displayed by many other cell types, we have termed the “focal zone. ”
The Integrated Production and Transportation Scheduling Problem for a Product with a Short Lifespan

The integrated production and transportation scheduling problem (PTSP) with capacity constraints is common in many industries. An optimal solution to PTSP requires one to simultaneously solve the production scheduling and the transportation routing problems, which requires excessive computational time, even for relatively small problems. In this study, we consider a variation of PTSP that involves a short shelf life product; hence, there is no inventory of the product in process. Once a lot of the product is produced, it must be transported with nonnegligible transportation time directly to various customer sites within its limited lifespan. The objective is to determine the minimum time required to complete producing and delivering the product to meet the demand of a given set of customers over a wide geographic region. This problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. We analyze the properties of this problem, develop lower bounds on the optimal solution, and propose a two-phase heuristic based on the analysis. The first phase uses either a genetic or a memetic algorithm to select a locally optimal permutation of the given set of customers; the second phase partitions the customer sequence and then uses the Gilmore-Gomory algorithm to order the subsequences of customers to form the integrated schedule. Empirical observations on the performance of this heuristic are reported.
Peer Attitudes and the Development of Prejudice in Adolescence

According to a number of psychological and sociological theories, individuals are susceptible to social influence from their immediate social environment, especially during adolescence. An important social context is the network of one’s peers. However, data limitations, specifically a lack of longitudinal data with information about respondents’ social networks, have limited previous analyses of the relationship between peers and prejudice over time. In this article, we rely on a five-wave panel of adolescents, aged either 13 or 16 in wave 1 (N = 1,009). We examine the effects of this social context on prejudice by focusing on nominated friends’ attitudes, attitudes of prestigious peers, and respondents’ own positions in their networks. Results indicate that the level of prejudice among peers affects individual prejudice over time. Results also show that both prestigious and nonprestigious peers affect prejudice. Finally, adolescents’ own positions in their networks matter: Network centrality is inversely related to prejudice.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja Dan Pelatihan-Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Guru PNS Di Taman Kanak-kanak/Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Ngawen Kabupaten Blora The Influence of Motivation, Work Environment and Training on Performance of Civil Servant Teachers in Kindergarten/Elementary School District Nga

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji secara empiris sejauh mana variabel motivasi, lingkungan kerja dan pengaruh parsial terhadap kinerja guru, 2) secara empiris menguji sejauh mana variabel motivasi, lingkungan kerja dan pelatihan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru? , 3) menganalisis secara empiris antara variabel motivasi, lingkungan kerja dan pelatihan pengaruh yang lebih dominan terhadap kinerja guru pegawai negeri di UPTD TK/SD Kabupaten Ngawen. Penelitian ini meliputi penelitian ex-post Pacto yang tidak melakukan manipulasi gejala yang diteliti dan gejala alami yang ada di lapangan. Teknik korelasional digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Dalam penelitian ini variabel yang akan dikorelasikan sebagai motivasi (X1) terhadap kinerja guru (Y), lingkungan kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja guru (Y). Dalam penelitian ini populasi sama dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Pengolahan data dapat dilihat bahwa dalam penelitian ini variabel motivasi memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap kinerja guru PNS pada UPTD TK/SD di Kabupaten Ngawen Blora dapat didukung sehingga kebenaran perlu dipelihara dan dapat digunakan. Sebagai referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Kata kunci: Motivasi, Lingkungan Kerja dan Pelatihan, Kinerja Guru The purpose of this study was to 1) test empirically the extent to which the variables motivation, work environment and training partial effect on teacher performance, 2) empirically examine the extent to which the variables motivation, work environment and training influence simultaneously toward teacher performance, 3) analyze empirically among variables motivation, work environment and training more dominant influence on the performance of civil servants in UPTD kindergarten teacher/SD District of Ngawen. This research includes studies ex-post Pacto it does not perform manipulation of the symptoms studied and symptoms naturally existing in the field. Correlational techniques used to determine the correlation between the independent variables on the dependent variable. In this study the variables that will be correlated as motivation (X1) on teacher performance (Y), work environment (X2) on teacher performance (Y). In this study population is the same as the number of samples is 50 people. The data processing can be seen that in this study variables such as motivation to have a dominant influence on the performance of civil servants in UPTD kindergarten teacher/ Elementary School District of Ngawen Blora can be supported so that the truth needs to be maintained and can be used as a reference for subsequent research. Keywords: Motivation, Work Environment and Training, Teacher Performance
Transluminal Angioplasty: Correlation of Morphologic and Angiographic Findings in an Experimental Model

The morphologic consequences of transluminal angioplasty of stenotic atherosclerotic coronary arteries are unknown. This study describes the production of aortoiliac atherosclerosis in rabbits and reports the morphologic changes after transluminal angioplasty of stenotic arterial lesions. Atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated angiographically before and after transluminal angioplasty and were studied histologically and by electron microscopy after angioplasty. Moderately stenotic aortic segments showed denudation of endothelial cells and deposition of a carpet of platelets enmeshed in fibrin. Medial and intimal compression were not seen. Intimal plaque disruption and splitting of atheromatous plaques were observed in more stenotic vessels where dilatation during angioplasty is relatively greater. Transluminal angioplasty, therefore, acutely causes desquamation of endothelial cells and superficial plaque elements, splitting of atheroma and subsequent deposition of platelets and fibrin in the area of angioplasty. This experimental model may be useful to evaluate the morphologic changes after angioplasty and might be used in further studies to determine the long-term pathophysiologic changes after transluminal angioplasty.
Partial-Order Planning with Concurrent Interacting Actions

In order to generate plans for agents with multiple actuators, agent teams, or distributed controllers, we must be able to represent and plan using concurrent actions with interacting effects. This has historically been considered a challenging task requiring a temporal planner with the ability to reason explicitly about time. We show that with simple modifications, the STRIPS action representation language can be used to represent interacting actions. Moreover, algorithms for partial-order planning require only small modifications in order to be applied in such multiagent domains. We demonstrate this fact by developing a sound and complete partial-order planner for planning with concurrent interacting actions, POMP, that extends existing partial-order planners in a straightforward way. These results open the way to the use of partial-order planners for the centralized control of cooperative multiagent systems.