Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social psychology in Australia: Past and present

This paper reviews the development of social psychology in Australia from its early beginnings, through post‐World War II, to the current situation. Social psychology became an integral part of the psychology curriculum after the Second World War, with a strong emphasis at the University of Melbourne. It received an impetus in the 1960s with the creation of Flinders, Macquarie, and La Trobe universities. Currently, teaching and research in social psychology is widespread, with major centres at the Universities of Queensland and New South Wales, and at the Australian National University, but with universities such as Flinders, Macquarie, and Melbourne continuing to contribute. In general, social psychologists in Australia have not deliberately set out to develop a distinctive local identity. Instead, they have a strong international focus and are eclectic in their interests, drawing on theories and methodologies from major centres in North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe. They have made distinctive.
Dialogue and science: Innovation in policy-making and the discourse of public engagement in the UK

This paper examines the way in which innovation in science policy in the UK over the last 25 years has been built around a discourse of changing preferences for modes of communication with citizens. The discussion, framed in debates and developments that deal with deliberative democracy and public engagement, draws on discourse analysis of key policy documents, statements made by members of the science policy network, and on interviews with public engagement practitioners. The relationship between science and society emerges as a 25-year old project of crisis management organised into three distinct models: public understanding of science, public engagement, and public dialogue. The analysis questions the existing narrative of progress and evolution constructed around key switch points, highlights the overwhelming influence of public understanding of science approaches, and attends to the question of the viability of public dialogue as the mainstream activity in science communication and policy-making. Copyright The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.
Behind the Policy Mantra of the Inclusive Museum: Receptions of Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Museums and Science Centres

The new UK policy framework for museums aims to reconfigure their social role and organizational identity. Central to this process are the Government's generic concepts of social exclusion/inclusion incorporated into museum policies to make museums more socially responsible and responsive through their contribution to tackling social exclusion. Based on accounts, views and experiences of a cross-section of staff from two science museums and two science centres in the UK, this article examines the ways in which the concepts of social exclusion/inclusion are mediated and configured in museum professionals' perceptions, interpretations and practices. I argue that the concepts of social inclusion/exclusion do not map onto organizational actors' interpretations and experiences in the way envisaged and demanded by the policies. I also highlight some of the unintended consequences and tensions that can arise in the course of museums' and museum professionals' attempts to balance the social inclusion role with other demands and pressures.
Aid, Public Expenditure and Dutch Disease

Contemporary policy debates on the macroeconomics of aid often concentrate on short-run Dutch disease effects, ignoring the possible supply side impact of aid-financed public expenditure. We develop a simple model of aid and public expenditure in which public infrastructure capital generates an inter-temporal productivity spillover for both tradable and non-tradable sectors, where these productivity effects may display sector-specific biases. The model also allows for non-homothetic demands. We then use an extended version of this model, calibrated to contemporary conditions in Uganda, to simulate the effect of a step increase in net aid flows. Our simulations show that beyond the short-run, where Dutch disease effects are present, the relationship between enhanced aid flows, real exchange rates and welfare is less straightforward than simple models of aid suggest. We show that public infrastructure which generates a productivity bias in favour of non-tradable production delivers the largest aggregate return to aid, with the real exchange rate appreciation reduced or reversed and enhanced export performance, but it does so at the cost of a deterioration in the income distribution. Income gains accrue predominantly to urban skilled and unskilled households, leaving the rural poor relatively worse off. Under plausible parameterizations of the model the rural poor may also be worse off in absolute terms.
High-Gain and Low-Loss Millimeter-Wave LTCC Antenna Array Using Artificial Magnetic Conductor Structure

A novel method based on an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure is presented to improve radiation performances of low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) antennas. A millimeter-wave (mmW) LTCC patch antenna using AMC structures is designed, achieving a wide bandwidth of 26%, a high gain of 8.27 dBi, and a high radiation efficiency of 86.2%. Based on the antenna element, an 4 × 4 array with an AMC is developed. A low loss multilayer laminated waveguide (LWG) power divider is proposed to feed the array. Simulation and measurement results for the proposed array are in good agreement, and demonstrate a good and stable performance in terms of 13.96% matching bandwidth, high gain of 19.1 dBi, and flat gain response with variation of 2 dB. Furthermore, the efficiency can reach 63.1% which is higher than other designs available in the literature. A very high efficiency of more than 45% is achieved across a wide frequency band from 34 to 37 GHz.
Additional Thoughts on Conversational and Motivational Sources of the Dilution Effect

In a recent article, Igou and Bless (2005) presented evidence that the “dilution effect” (e.g., Nisbett, Zukier, & Lemley, 1981) is based on adherence to a conversational rule (maxim of relation; Grice, 1975). Kemmelmeier (2007) challenges this conclusion, arguing instead for a motivational explanation for the dilution effect. This response addresses Kemmelmeier's critique of Igou and Bless's research and illustrates limitations to his motivational approach.
Theorizing Resistance in Organization Studies

This article provides an overview and critique of the extant research on work-place resistance. It argues that much of this research has developed around an implicit duality of resistance and control. In other words, critical studies have highlighted either the growing ubiquity and subtlety of managerial control or have privileged workers’ abilities to carve out spheres of autonomy within these control mechanisms. It suggests that, in contrast to this implicit dualism of control and resistance, a dialectical approach better captures the notion of resistance and control as mutually constitutive, and as a routine social production of daily organizational life.
Microscopic assessment of the sealing ability of three endodontic filling techniques

Background Several techniques have been proposed for root canal filling. New rotary files, with non-standardized taper, are appearing, so, points adapted to the taper of the last instrument used to prepare the canal can help in the obturation process. The aim of this study is to assess the sealing ability of different root canal filling techniques. Material and Methods Root canals from 30 teeth were shaped with Mtwo and divided in three groups; A, standard lateral condensation with size 35 and 20 gutta-percha points; B, standard lateral condensation and injected gutta-percha; C, single gutta-percha point (standardized 35 Mtwo), continuous wave technique and injected gutta-percha. Root surfaces were covered with nail varnish, except for the apical 2 mm, and submerged in a NO3Ag2 solution; apical stain penetration was measured in mm. Data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a 90% confidence interval. Results A and B groups showed stain leakage in the 90% of the cases, whereas it was of 80% for group C. Stain leakage intervals were 1-5 mm for groups A and B and 1-3 mm for group C. There were no statistically significant differences between the three studied groups (p>.05). Conclusions All the analyzed root canal filling techniques showed some apical stain leakage, without significant differences among them. Key words:Gutta-percha filling, microleakage, single cone, injected gutta-percha, warm gutta-percha.
EXTERNAL CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS BALANCES. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RENAL DISEASE AND THE CELIAC SYNDROME.

The pathogenesis of rickets or "osteodystrophy" in various forms of renal disease has been subject to considerable debate. In renal diseases with glomerular failure, osteodystrophy has been explained on the basis of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands ". stimulated by retention of phosphorus, poor dietary intake of calcium in these chronically ill patients, and increased fecal and urinary losses of calcium because of persistent acidosis. "1In renal tubular disease, excessive tubular loss of phosphate has generally been considered to be responsible for the demineralization of bone. Studies in two siblings with azotemic renal osteodystrophy2and in two patients with long-standing nephrotic syndrome complicated by tubular dysfunction and osteodystrophy3,4have demonstrated increased fecal losses of calcium and phosphorus in contrast to low levels of urinary excretion of these ions. Following administration of large doses of vitamin D, the fecal losses of calcium and phosphorus decreased, and the urinary output of these
Power distance as a moderator of the relationship between justice and employee outcomes in a sample of Chinese employees

Power distance was tested as a moderator of the relationship between justice concerns and employee outcomes in a sample of employees in the People’s Republic of China. Two hypotheses were developed based on the quality of authority‐member relations prescribed by the relational model of authority in groups. In two‐way interactions, higher power distance combined with procedural justice to predict employee outcomes, whereas lower power distance combined with distributive justice.
Long-term patterns of effort-reward imbalance and over-commitment: Investigating occupational well-being and recovery experiences as outcomes

The aim of this study was, first, to identify long-term patterns of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and over-commitment (OVC), and, second, to examine how occupational well-being (burnout, work engagement) and recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery and control) differ in these patterns. The study was based on follow-up data with three measurement points (2006, 2008, 2010) collected from Finnish managers (N=298). Latent Profile Analysis resulted in five long-term ERI-OVC patterns: a high-risk pattern (high ERI, high OVC), found in 20% of the participants; a low-risk pattern (low ERI, low OVC), found in 24% of participants; a relatively low-risk pattern (low ERI, moderate OVC), found in 47% of participants; a favourable change pattern (decreasing ERI and OVC), in 7%; and an unfavourable change pattern (high ERI with increasing linear trend, OVC with curvilinear trend) in 2%. The results showed, in line with the ERI model, that managers in the high-risk pattern showed higher burnout scores and poorer recovery experiences compared to those in the low-risk patterns. However, no differences were found in work engagement between the high and low-risk patterns. Thus, the ERI model seemed better to explain stress-related indicators of occupational well-being than motivational indicators.
Second-order Markov random fields for independent sets on the infinite Cayley tree

Recently, there has been significant interest in understanding the properties of Markov random fields (M.r.f.) defined on the independent sets of sparse graphs. When these M.r. f. are restricted to pairwise interactions (i.e. hardcore model), much progress has been made. However, considerably less is known in the presence of higher-order interactions, which arise e.g. in the analysis of independent sets with special properties and the study of resource-constrained communication networks. In this paper, we further our understanding of such models by analyzing M.r. f. with second-order interactions on the independent sets of the infinite Cayley tree. We prove that the associated Gibbsian specification satisfies the celebrated FKG Inequality whenever the local potentials defining the Hamiltonian satisfy a log-convexity condition. Under this condition, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique infinite-volume Gibbs measure in terms of an explicit system of equations, prove the existence of a phase transition, and give explicit bounds on the associated critical activity, which we prove to exhibit a certain robustness. For potentials which are small perturbations of those coinciding to the hardcore model at the critical activity, we characterize whether the resulting specification has a unique infinite-volume Gibbs measure in terms of whether these perturbations satisfy an explicit linear inequality. Our analysis reveals an interesting non-monotonicity with regards to biasing towards excluded nodes with no included neighbors.
Appetitive and Defensive Arousal in Violent Video Games: Explaining Individual Differences in Attraction to and Effects of Video Games

Evidence surrounding the attraction to media violence is mixed and the effects of violent video game play on players varies across experimental participants. Differences in both may be explained by differences in experienced positive or negative arousal. This study utilizes the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP) and the motivation activation measure (MAM), which measures resting activation of the appetitive and aversive arousal systems, to explore the relationship between attraction to media violence, arousal, and aggression. In part 1, a questionnaire found that men and frequent players of violent games expected to enjoy violent games more than nonviolent games. In addition, participants whose scores on the MAM characterized them as risk takers (high scores on appetitive arousal and low scores on aversive arousal) indicated a stronger preference for violent games compared to the other three arousal types, which is in line with the LC4MP. In the experimental portion of the research, after playing a violent game, those participants characterized as risk avoidant (high on aversive arousal and low on appetitive arousal) were significantly less aggressive than all other arousal groups. Overall, results show that individual differences in the appetitive and aversive arousal systems can explain attraction to violent media. Furthermore, arousal resulting from violent video game play can be experienced as pleasant or aversive, and it is this experience of arousal that explains variations in aggressive responses to violent video games.
Qualitative and quantitative changes in protein sythesis of bovine follicular cells during the preovulatory period

To understand the mechanisms governing oocyte maturation better, the effects of the gonadotropin surge were studied on follicular cells of bovine preovulatory follicles. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis by both granulosa cells and cumulus cells were compared relative to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and the resumption of meiosis in the oocyte. Follicular cells were collected at different times before and up to 25 hr after the LH surge. For each individual preovulatory follicle, granulosa and cumulus cells were incubated separately for 3 hr with 3H‐methionine or with 35S‐methionine. Newly synthesized cytosolic proteins from granulosa and cumulus cells and proteins secreted into the medium were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation counting after slicing of the gels or revealed by fluorography. Three major peaks of the newly synthesized proteins, with molecular weights of 76, 56, and 30 kDa, were studied throughout the prevoulatory period. After the LH surge, the overall level of protein synthesis increased in granulosa cells. In addition, the pattern of cytosolic proteins in granulosa cells changed, and, in particular, the relative synthesis of the 30 kDa peak decreased. These changes in cytosolic protein synthesis may be due to the action of LH since they could be reproduced in vitro in LH‐stimulated granulosa cells. A predominant peak of 56 kDa was secreted by granulosa cells throughout the experimental period. No significant change was observed in proteins synthesized by cumulus cells under the same experimental conditions. The amounts of radioactivity incorporated into the three major proteins secreted by granulosa cells, however, were correlated significantly with the amounts of radioactivity incorporated by similar proteins synthesized by cumulus cells. These results indicate that cumulus cells respond differently from granulosa cells to the gonadotropin surge but not in an independent manner.
Connectional studies of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus: Distribution of axons arising from the thalamic reticular nucleus of Galago crassicaudatus

Anterograde and retrograde transport methods have been used to explore the interconnections between the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of Galago crassicaudatus. We first defined the region of the TRN, which is connected to the lateral geniculate nucleus, by examining the distribution of geniculo‐TRN axons, cortico‐TRN axons arising from area 17, and the location of TRN‐geniculate neurons. Following an intraocular injection of 3H‐proline/3 H‐leucine, trans‐synaptically transported protein is present bilaterally within the lateral portion of the caudal TRN. This same caudal and lateral region is also targeted by cortico‐TRN axons and contains neurons which project upon the lateral geniculate nucleu.
Equally good fixation of cemented and uncemented cups in total trapeziometacarpal joint prostheses

Background and purpose Cup failure is a recognized problem in total trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint prostheses; it may be related to poor fixation, which can be revealed by radiostereometric analysis (RSA). We compared the early implant migration of cemented trapezium cups to that of uncemented screw cups. Patients and methods In a prospective, parallel-group, randomized patient-blinded clinical trial, we included 32 hands in 28 patients (5 males) with a mean age of 58 (40–77) years and with Eaton stage-2 or -3 osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Patients were randomized to surgery with a cemented DLC all-polyethylene cup (C) (n = 16) or an uncemented hydroxyapatite-coated chrome-cobalt Elektra screw cup (UC) (n = 16). Uncemented cups were inserted without threading of the bone. Stereoradiographs for evaluation of cup migration (primary effect size) and DASH and pain scores were obtained during 2 years of follow-up. Results The 2-year total translation (TT) was similar (p = 0.2): 0.24 mm (SD 0.10) for the C (n = 11) and 0.19 mm (SD 0.16) for the UC (n = 11). Variances were similar (p = 0.4). Judged by RSA, 2 UC cups and 1 C cup became loose (TT > 1 mm). Both UC cups were found to be loose at revision. Grip strength, pain, and DASH scores were similar between groups at all measurement points. Interpretation Early implant fixation and clinical outcome were equally good with both cup designs. This is the first clinical RSA study on trapezium cups, and the method appears to be clinically useful for detection of loose implants.
Minority Ethnic Media As Communities Of Practice: Professionalism and Identity Politics in Interaction

This paper examines the current circumstances of minority ethnic media production. It particularly addresses the tensions that may exist for minority ethnic media workers between their commitment to a professional identity and status, and their negotiation of their own ethnic identity. Through employing a specific model of communities of practice this paper provides an analytic frame which illuminates some of the challenges which may be particularly present in the institutional dynamics and identity politics operating within minority ethnic media enterprises. In noting the synergy between the minority ethnic media activities and the media systems of the dominant ethnic communities this paper argues for a recognition of the role of minority ethnic media in shaping a vigorous public sphere, and advocates a more extensive commitment of research resources to the analysis of their role in the multi-ethnic nation-state and transnationally.
The Effect of CCTV on Prisoner Misbehavior

Despite the widespread use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) in prison, few studies have explored its effect on prisoner misbehavior. Research was conducted to explore two research questions: (a) Does CCTV have a greater preventative effect on nonviolent than on violent prisoner misbehavior? and (b) Does CCTV have a greater preventative effect on planned than on unplanned violent behavior? Data were obtained on the 1,116 incidents involving aberrant prisoner behavior that occurred at four prisons in Queensland, Australia, during a 6-year period. Findings indicate that violent and unplanned misbehavior was relatively more likely to occur in view of CCTV coverage than was nonviolent and planned misbehavior. The implications for the prevention of aberrant inmate behavior and for researchers' understanding of the impact of CCTV on violence are discussed.
Study of Trace Element Status and Oxidative Stress in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting mostly young and middle aged population. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is an entity of CAD which is defined as a part of Acute Coronary Syndrome consisting of chest pain, dyspnoea. Recently it has been observed that trace elements and free radicals may play an important role in the development of AMI. The aim of the study was to estimate the levels of trace elements like serum copper, iron and zinc and oxidative stress in patients of AMI and to compare with the healthy controls and to find out the correlation between atherogenic index (AI), cardiac risk ratio (CRR) with malondialdehyde(MDA), taken as a marker of oxidative stress and trace element levels. The study was conducted taking 50 numbers of cases of AMI and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls. The results showed increase levels of iron and copper with (P<0.005) and decrease level of zinc with (P<0.005) in AMI patients which are found to be statistically significant. Also we found a strong positive correlation between serum copper, iron and MDA with AI and CRR. Serum zinc levels showed a negative correlation with AI and CRR indicating its protective effect. Thus trace elements may play a vital role in the causation and prevention of of AMI.
Living (with) Things: Relational Ontology and Material Culture in Early Modern Northern Finland

This article discusses relational ontology and its significance for interpreting archaeological material from post-medieval contexts. The general theory of the relational constitution of the world is first introduced and some of its implications discussed in relation to the ‘meaning’ of artefact biographies. Second, by drawing from folk beliefs, the article considers how people in early modern Finland recognized the relational constitution of the world, which in turn provides new insights into the local mode of perceiving and engaging with the material world. The case of household spirits and human relationship with buildings is taken as an example. The archaeological material discussed in the article derives from the seventeenth-century town of Tornio in northern Finland.