Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Home Ownership on Child Outcomes

We analyze the impact of home owning on the cognitive and behavioral outcomes of children. Our study controls for many social, demographic, and economic variables previously found to influence child outcomes. We also address the issue of possible sample selection bias caused by unobserved variables that influence both the parent's choice of whether to own or rent and parental investment in their children. The study uses four waves of a national data set, permitting a panel data analysis of the relationship of owning a home to three child outcomes: math achievement, reading recognition and behavior problems. Using panel data allows us to control for household and child-specific, unobserved, influential factors. We also use a treatment effects model to address the problem of sample selection bias. We find that owning a home compared with renting leads to a higher quality home environment, the improvement being 16 to 22 percent. Considering both the direct and indirect effects of home ownership on child outcomes, we find that for children living in owned homes math achievement is up to seven percent higher and reading achievement is up to six percent higher, ceteris paribus. We also find that the measure of a child's behavior problems is up to four percent lower if the child resides in an owned home. Existing literature suggests that these youths' greater cognitive abilities and fewer behavioral problems will result in higher educational attainment, greater future earnings, and a reduced tendency to engage in deviant behaviors.
Quaternary Bats from the Impossível-Ioiô Cave System (Chapada Diamantina, Brazil): Humeral Remains and the First Fossil Record of Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera, Noctilionidae) from South America

ABSTRACT The partially submerged Impossível-Ioiô cave system located in the karst region of Chapada Diamantina in Bahia (Brazil) has recently been the target of extensive paleontological studies. Here we provide the first report of fossil bats from this cave system, in which we recognize six species based on humeral remains: Furipterus horrens, Chrotopterus auritus, Mormoops cf. megalophylla, Pteronotus gymnonotus, Pteronotus parnellii, and Noctilio leporinus. Morphology of the humerus of these taxa is described in a comparative framework to document taxonomic assessments and provide a basis for future studies of fossil bat faunas. The relevance of the new records reported here is evaluated at a broader continental scale, as well as in contrast with the recent bat fauna of the region. The record of Noctilio leporinus stands as the first fossil occurrence of this species on the South American continent.
Service quality for customer retention in the UK steel industry: old dogs and new tricks?

Manufacturing companies, in searching for new approaches to retain customers, are increasingly using service as a differentiator and as a means of integrating themselves into the customers’ supply chain systems. This study is pivotal in exploring the concept of employing service quality in a non‐service industry to raise switching barriers and to create customer longevity. A survey of the UK steel industry has revealed that the higher the level of perceived quality of service, the higher the expressed intended loyalty. For steel managers, this research has highlighted the importance of establishing a relationship strategy through service enhancement to foster customer loyalty.
Catastrophic Decline of a Top Carnivore in the Gulf of California Rocky Intertidal Zone

The predatory sun star, Heliaster kubiniji, once the commonest rocky intertidal asteroid of the Gulf of California, has been rare throughout this region since summer 1978 when a devastating disease outbreak occurred. This unprecedented phenomenon and several other exceptional ecological events in marine communities of the northeastern Pacific appear to be linked to large-scale climatic changes that occurred during 1977 and 1978. Implications of the decline in Heliaster kubiniji are discussed.
Taking Issue with Lynn and Mullen's Meta-Analytic Recommendations

Lynn and Mullen encourage hospitality researchers to avoid the Hunter and Schmidt approach to meta-analysis due to posited anomalous results and nonconformity with statistical convention. They cite Johnson, Mullen, and Salas in making said admonishment. Schmidt and Hunter have established that Johnson et al. make errors in applying the Hunter and Schmidt techniques; errors that produce the anomalous results. As such, Lynn and Mullen's statement warning hospitality researchers not to use the Hunter and Schmidt approach needs to be corrected. Hospitality researchers should not hesitate to use Hunter and Schmidt's approach. In fact, they should be encouraged to use the Hunter and Schmidt approach as it is an approach recommended by the National Research Council.
Mechanism and molecular basis for the sodium channel subtype specificity of µ‐conopeptide CnIIIC

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage‐gated sodium channels (NaV channels) are key players in the generation and propagation of action potentials, and selective blockade of these channels is a promising strategy for clinically useful suppression of electrical activity. The conotoxin µ‐CnIIIC from the cone snail Conus consors exhibits myorelaxing activity in rodents through specific blockade of skeletal muscle (NaV1.4) NaV channels.
WORKING PAPER SERIES

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether peo ple treat all forms of uncertainty in the same way. Studies investigating known-risk gambles and a mbiguous gambles have systematically used the urn context. Little systematic research has inv estigated differences in expressed attitude as a function of the manner in which vague probability i nformation is communicated to a decision maker. The experiments reported in this paper exami ne the behavior of people when faced with different situations with and without an insurance context: a risky situation (the probability of loss is known), an uncertain situation (there is no pri r information on the probability of loss) or an ambiguous (the information provided is vague).
What has the manager done for me? A value-based approach to performance analysis.

In many circumstances it is unsatisfactory to measure portfolio performance using time-weighted rates of return. There are well known problems with performance attribution analysis using time-weighted returns in a multi-interval context, and it is impossible to measure the contribution of a portfolio’s manager to the wealth of an individual investor. This paper shows that measurement of outcomes in terms of value solves the problems of multi-interval attribution analysis and enables precise customised assessment to be made of the manager’s contribution for each investor. Working with values is also simple and transparent.
ON THE SPLITTING NUMBER AT REGULAR CARDINALS

Abstract Let κ, λ be regular uncountable cardinals such that λ > κ+ is not a successor of a singular cardinal of low cofinality. We construct a generic extension with s(κ) = λ starting from a ground model in which o(κ) = λ and prove that assuming ¬0¶, s(κ) = λ implies that o(κ) ≥ λ in the core model.
High Order Smooth Ambiguity Preferences and Asset Prices

This paper extends the recursive smooth ambiguity decision model developed in Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji (2005, 2009) by relaxing the uniformity imposed on higher order acts. This generalization permits a separation of intertemporal substitution, risk attitude, and attitudes towards different sources of uncertainty. Our decision model is suited in situations where subjects may treat several kinds of uncertainty in different manners. We apply our preference specification to a consumption-based asset pricing model with long run risks and assess the impact of ambiguity on asset prices and predictability patterns. We find that modeling attitudes towards uncertainty through high order smooth ambiguity preferences has important implications for asset prices. Our model generates a highly volatile price-dividend ratio and predictability patterns in line with the data.
Multiple-Type Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence of Specific Types in 309,000 Women Referred for HPV Testing at the Time of Cervical Cytology

Objectives To determine the frequency of multiple-type cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and whether any types are involved in multiple-type infections more or less frequently than might be expected if these infections occur randomly. Methods In this retrospective analysis of type-specific HPV testing, results from women 18 to 65 years old with samples collected between July 2007 and May 2011 were considered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to model the presence of each of the 24 most prevalent HPV types, adjusting for one other HPV type, age, laboratory region, and age-by-region interactions. Results Human papillomavirus infection was present in 74,543 (24.1%) of 309,471 women and 65,492 (21.1%) were positive for one of the top 24 most prevalent HPV types. The most common HPV type was type 16, occurring in 4.1% of the entire sample. A total of 14,181 women were positive for 2 or more HPV types (4.6% of entire sample and 19.0% of HPV-positive sample). Two-way HPV type comparisons were analyzed. Types 52, 53, 81, and 83 were more likely to occur in multiple infections with other types; and types 16, 58, and 66 were less likely to occur in multiple infections with other types. Human papillomavirus types 72 and 81 have the strongest positive relationship (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.6–7.4). Human papillomavirus types 33 and 66 have the strongest negative relationship (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.6). Conclusions In this population, multiple-type HPV infections were present in 4.6% of all women. Our findings suggest that there may be both competitive and cooperative interactions between HPV types.
Anatomical accuracy of interactive and automated rigid registration between X-ray CT and FDG-PET

Summary Aim: Comparison of anatomical accuracy of softwarebased interactive (IRR) and automated rigid registration (ARR) of separately acquired CT and FDG-PET data sets. Patients, methods: Independently acquired PET and helical CT data from 22 tumour patients were registered manually using the Syngo advanced Fusion VC20H tool. IRR was performed separately for the thorax and the abdomen using physiological FDG uptake in several organs as a reference. In addition, ARR was performed with the commercially available software tool Mirada 7D on all of the patients. For both methods, the distances between the representation of 53 malignant lesions on PET and CT were measured in X-, Y-, and Z-direction with reference to a common coordinate system (X-, Y-, Z-distances). Results: The percentage of lesions misregistered by less than 1.5 cm was in X-direction 91% for IRR and 89% for ARR; in Y-direction 85% and 68%; in Z-direction 72% and 51%, respectively. The average X-, Y- and Z-distances for IRR ranged from 0.58 ± 0.55 cm (X-direction) to 1.17 ± 1.66 cm (Z-direction). For ARR, the average X-, Y- and Z-distances varied between 0.66 ± 0.61 cm (X-direction) and 1.81 ± 1.37 cm (Z-direction). Mixed effects analysis of the absolute X-, Y- and Z-distances revealed a significantly better alignment for IRR compared to ARR in Z-direction (p <0.01). Lesion size and localization either in thorax or abdomen had no significant influence on the accuracy of registration. Conclusion: For the majority of malignant lesions, manual image registration with the possibility to separately align different body segments was more accurate than the automated approach. Current software for ARR does not reach the anatomical accuracy reported for PET/ CT hybrid scanners.
Urban Policies for the Creative Industries: A European Comparison

Abstract Although the development of creative industries (CI) has formed into extensive and significant phenomenon in European cities, the conceptualization and generalization of these practices and policies is still rather weak. In addition to the attempts to explain the formation of these kinds of practices in the cities and discuss the path-dependent character of CI policies, the challenging task is to identify the main alternatives and inherent logic of CI policies, especially due to the existing rich and diverse experiences of European cities. This article aims to build a typology of the policy practices relating to CI. We make use of an “ideal types” approach, which focuses on determining a limited number of parameters to characterize alternative CI policies in different (European) cities; this is based on how one kind of CI policy practice can be distinguished from another. The article examines how the CI policies in four post-socialist cities (three of which are located in the Baltic region) contrast with the policies found in a range of other cities in Europe.
The Interpretative Moment of European Journalism

This study investigates the role of political journalism in EU constitution-making. More specifically, we ask whether political journalists take an active role in shaping public preferences and opinion on European integration. An analytical framework is developed distinguishing between the critical and the representative function of media opinion-making. Journalists are found to interfere with the democratization of the EU either as a critical watchdog controlling and advising political decision-makers, or as a collective voice representing long-term expectations and public dispositions in the debate. This research framework is applied to the analysis of newspaper commentaries in the ratification period of the EU Constitutional Treaty (November 2004 to June 2005). The ratification process is analyzed as a critical juncture of European integration in which enhanced debates and politicization are expected in all member states.
Experimental analysis of Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 gene expression during chick mandibular morphogenesis

Homeobox‐containing genes are thought to be involved in regulating pattern formation in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis. We have examined the expression of the homeobox‐related genes Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 during the development of the chick mandibular arch. Northern blot hybridization indicates that transcripts for both Msx‐1 (1.6 Kb) and Msx‐2 (3 Kb) are present in the mandibular arch as early as stage 18. The levels of both transcripts in the whole mandible decrease as cartilage is formed in vivo and in vitro. Using in situ hybridization, transcripts of Msx‐1 were localized in high amounts to the mesenchyme of the mesial tips of the arches. Msx‐2 transcripts were localized in high amounts to medial regions of the arches. Little or no hybridization of either probe was detected in the chondrogenic and myogenic regions of the arches. Transcripts of both genes were also excluded from calcified bone and cartilage. Our results further demonstrate that the mesial tip mesenchyme expressing Msx‐1 includes areas of highly proliferative cells and has in vitro chondrogenic potential. The region of mesenchymal cells expressing the Msx‐2 gene overlap with areas of developmentally programmed cell death which also contain very few proliferative cells and lack chondrogenic potential in vitro. These results are consistent with the possibility that Msx‐1 may be involved in the outgrowth of the mandibular arch and Msx‐2 may be involved in both developmentally programmed cell death and delineating the non‐chondrogenic region of the medial part of the mandibular arch. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of ISO 9000 registered companies in Taiwan

This research evaluates the performance of the organizations in Taiwan that have been recognized as ISO 9000 series registered companies. Using discriminant analysis methodology, we attempt to determine if the implementation efforts toward quality have improved the performance. Cross‐sectional survey methodology is employed. Thus, through a well‐developed questionnaire design, six major dimensions with a total of 40 key elements regarding performance found in TQM literature are examined. As a result, we find about 70 per cent of the companies that have achieved ISO 9000 approval are performing in line with how they were originally assessed.
Corporate financial crime: social diagnosis and treatment

Purpose – The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to assist in finding solutions for the growing moral and social issues of financial crime plaguing corporations today.Design/methodology/approach – Methodology includes the synthesis of existing theories in economic sociology and criminology to “diagnose” and “treat” the existing flaws in corporate structures that have led to malaise and malfeasance. Theories include differential association, self‐control, and control balance, taking into consideration the characteristics of individuals and corporate structures.Findings – Findings suggest that corporate structure has to be critically scrutinized and changes implemented, including close examination of informal and formal communication and salary structures.Practical implications – This paper suggests concrete strategies and policy changes for regulators, corporate decision makers, and academics.Originality/value – The synthesis of existing theories in white collar malfeasance and crime provides a template to.
Parenteral glutamine supplementation does not reduce the risk of mortality or late-onset sepsis in extremely low birth weight infants.

BACKGROUND Glutamine is one of the most abundant amino acids in both plasma and human milk, yet it is not included in standard intravenous amino acid solutions. Previous studies have suggested that parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with glutamine may reduce sepsis and mortality in critically ill adults. Whether glutamine supplementation would provide a similar benefit to extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants is not known. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of early PN supplemented with glutamine in decreasing the risk of death or late-onset sepsis in ELBW infants. Infants 401 to 1000 g were randomized within 72 hours of birth to receive either TrophAmine (control) or an isonitrogenous study amino acid solution with 20% glutamine whenever they received PN up to 120 days of age, death, or discharge from the hospital. The primary outcome was death or late-onset sepsis. RESULTS Of the 721 infants who were assigned to glutamine supplementation, 370 (51%) died or developed late-onset sepsis, as compared with 343 of the 712 infants (48%) assigned to control (relative risk: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.17). Glutamine had no effect on tolerance of enteral feeds, necrotizing enterocolitis, or growth. No significant adverse events were observed with glutamine supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Parenteral glutamine supplementation as studied did not decrease mortality or the incidence of late-onset sepsis in ELBW infants. Consequently, although no harm was demonstrated, routine use of parenteral glutamine supplementation cannot be recommended in this population.
Web 2.0 interactivity in open access repositories

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of open access (OA) repositories that have embraced Web 2.0 technologies. The main focus of the paper is to explore the occurrence of Web 2.0 tools used in the open repositories. Design/methodology/approach – Repositories having English as one of the interface/content languages and indexed in Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) were selected and analyzed under different parameters. Findings – A total of 1,499 open access repositories having English as one of the interface/content languages (75.82 percent of total OA repositories) are developed from 81 nations and only 61 countries have most of their repositories Web 2.0 enabled. About 57 percent (804) repositories make use of Web 2.0 tool/s, 43 percent (608) have yet to avail benefits of Web 2.0 tools while 5.8 percent remain inaccessible (87) during the study period. Though the USA leads in terms of OA repositories, the percentage of Web 2.0 enabled repositories is higher for the U.
The Effects of Neighborhood Democracy on Cooperation: A Laboratory Study

ABSTRACT: What effect does participation in neighborhood governments have on residents’ willingness to contribute to the provision of public goods? This is an important question to ask given the growth of homeowners associations (HOAs) in the United States. HOAs provide a medium through which citizens can practice democratic skills. The social capital and efficacy built through this participation may increase an individual’s willingness to use his or her own resources to help provide for a community public good. In this article the author hypothesizes that such participation increases the probability that individuals donate to public goods provision. Using an experimental design where subjects in treatment groups participate in a mock HOA meeting and then play an iterated public goods game, the study finds evidence that participation in HOA meetings improves cooperative behavior. This finding suggests that HOA participation has some effect on an individual’s propensity to contribute to the provision of a public good.
Transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus with src gene deletions of varying length

The RNAs of transformation-defective (td) deletion mutants of the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus were found to vary in size when compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of seven td mutants appeared to recombine with a mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (Schmidt-Ruppin), which has a temperature-sensitive sarcoma (src) gene and is termed ts68, to give rise to recombinants with a reduced temperature sensitivity. The results suggested that different clones of td mutants exist: some in which the src gene appears to be deleted, and others in which the src gene is only partially deleted. A direct correlation between RNA size and the extent of src gene deletion measured by recombination was not obtained, possibly because the recombination assay could only detect src sequences homologous to the lesion(s) of ts68, whereas the electrophoretic analysis of the RNA measured src deletions as well as other possible alterations of the RNA.
Influenсe of Phone-Viseme Temporal Correlations on Audiovisual STT and TTS Performance

In this paper, we present a research of temporal correlations of audiovisual units in continuous Russian speech. The corpus-based study identifies natural time asynchronies between flows of audible and visible speech modalities partially caused by inertance of the articulation organs. Original methods for speech asynchrony modeling have been proposed and studied using bimodal ASR and TTS systems. The experimental results have shown that use of asynchronous frameworks for combined audible and visible speech processing results in improvement of the accuracy of audiovisual speech recognition as well as the naturalness and the intelligibility of speech synthesis.