Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jet rotation: Launching region, angular momentum balance and magnetic properties in the bipolar outflow from RW Aur

Using STIS on board the HST we have obtained a spectroscopic map of the bipolar jet from RW Aur with the slit parallel to the jet axis and moved across the jet in steps of 0.07. After applying a velocity correction due to uneven slit illumination we find signatures of rotation within the first 300 AU of the jet (1.5at the distance of RW Aur). Both lobes rotate in the same direction (i.e. with different helicities), with toroidal velocities in the range 5-30 km s -1 at 20 and 30 AU from the symmetry axis in the blueshifted and redshifted lobes, respectively. The sense of rotation is anti-clockwise looking from the tip of the blue lobe (PA 130° north to east) down to the star. Rotation is more evident in the [OI] and [NII] lines and at the largest sampled distance from the axis. These results are consistent with other STIS observations carried out with the slit perpendicular to the jet axis, and with theoretical simulations. Using current magneto-hydrodynamic models for the launch of the jets, we find that the mass ejected in the observed part of the outflow is accelerated from a region in the disk within about 0.5 AU from the star for the blue lobe, and within 1.6 AU from the star for the red lobe. Using also previous results we estimate upper and lower limits for the angular momentum transport rate of the jet. We find that this can be a large fraction (two thirds or more) of the estimated rate transported through the relevant portion of the disk. The magnetic lever arm (defined as the ratio r A /r 0 between the Alfven and footpoint radii) is in the range 3.5-4.6 (with an accuracy of 20-25%), or, alternatively, the ejection index ξ = d In(M acc )/dr is in the range 0.025-0.046 (with similar uncertainties). The derived values are in the range predicted by the models, but they also suggest that some heating must be provided at the base of the flow. Finally, using the general disk wind theory we derive the ratio B Φ /B p of the toroidal and poloidal components of the magnetic field at the observed location (i.e. about 80-100 AU above the disk). We find this quantity to be 3.8 ± 1.1 at 30 AU from the axis in the red lobe and -8.9 ± 2.7 at 20 AU from the axis in the blue lobe (assuming cylindrical coordinates centred on the star and with positive along the blue lobe). The toroidal component appears to be dominant, which would be consistent with magnetic collimation of the jet. The field appears to be more tightly wrapped on the blue side.
Evaluation of (Z)‐9‐tricosene baited targets for control of the housefly (Musca domestica) in outdoor situations

Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) are a major pest species in a variety of outdoor situations, notably on and around livestock farms and landfill used for the disposal of domestic waste. Currently no effective options are available for control of houseflies outdoors, because many populations exhibit at least some resistance to all available synthetic pesticides. (Z)‐9‐tricosene is the only commercially available pheromone for use in lure‐and‐kill approaches to housefly control, and it is widely used in indoor livestock units in combination with sugar/insecticide bait. Here we examine the potential of this approach for use outdoors, on a landfill site. We investigate the efficacy of toxic targets painted with a sugar/insecticide/(Z)‐9‐tricosene mix. The effects of target size and pheromone concentration were examined in two replicate trials, conducted in June and September 2003. As expected, catch consisted largely of males, was consistently higher on larger traps, and generally increased with (Z)‐9‐tricosene concentration even up to very high levels. However, in repeated trials, and despite mass release of marked flies, catch rates appeared to be insufficient to provide adequate control. We suggest that this is probably because (Z)‐9‐tricosene is primarily a short‐range attractant, and fly populations in outdoor situations are generally distributed over a large area. Catch declined rapidly to zero within 2 weeks, indicating that improved formulation or target design is needed to slow the weathering of active ingredients on the targets. It seems unlikely that (Z)‐9‐tricosene is sufficiently attractive to houseflies to provide an effective and economic lure in outdoor situations.
Village ethnography and kinship studies: Perspectives from India and beyond

This article questions the dichotomy of ‘classical anthropological topics/traditional fieldwork’ versus ‘contemporary topics/multi-sited imaginary’ and interrogates the role of village ethnography in the understanding of kinship among globalising Indian middle classes. The argument is twofold. Firstly, I suggest that the current rhetoric on the dismissal of village ethnography in contemporary South Asian studies does not adequately address possible continuities between anthropological studies developed in the 1980s and 1990s and more recent multi-sited approaches. Secondly, I argue that village ethnography might constitute an integral part in a larger multi-sited research agenda, the latter aiming at understanding shifting kinship relations and related politics of identity among highly mobile middle classes. If we understand villages as a field of relations, an important connection is seen to emerge between villages’ importance in middle-class trajectories and imaginations and their role as research locations.
Amyloidogenic Processing of APP in Lipid Rafts

Increased generation of amyloidpeptide (A� ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the primary pathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the sub cellular compartment in which APP undergoes cleavage by secretases to generate A￻ is not precisely known. Compelling evidences suggest that amyloidogenic processing of APP occurs in lipid rafts. An indirect support for lipid raft processing of APP includes the localization of A￻ , APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs), APP holoprotein and secretases in the lipid raft microdomains, although few studies failed to find APP in the lipid rafts. The indirect support also comes from both experimental and clinical studies involving modulation of cholesterol levels and its effect on A￻ generation. Moderate depletion of cholesterol results in significant reduction in A￻ levels and increased dietary intake of cholesterol leads to higher levels of A￻ production suggesting that amyloidogenic processing of APP strongly depends on cholesterol levels and therefore on lipid raft integrity. More convincing evidence that lipid rafts are critical for amyloidogenic processing of APP comes from studies using antibody-mediated co-patching of APP and BACE1 which results in lipid raft association of APP and BACE1 and increased A￻ generation. Further, an endosome/lipid raft targeting of ￻ -secretase inhibitor by sterol-mediated anchoring leading to reduced A￻ generation also suggests that lipid rafts are pivotal for amyloidogenic processing of APP. In the absence of an effective therapy for AD, proteins responsible for delivery of APP to lipid rafts including LRP, RanBP9 and ApoER2 may be excellent therapeutic targets in AD.
The Level of Anxiety and Pain Perception of Endodontic Patients.

OBJECTIVES to compare the level of anxiety reported by patients and assessed by dentists. Also, the expected and actual pain during the treatment perceived by the patient and dentist were assessed. METHODS sixty six endodontic patients filled in two questionnaires, prior to and after the treatment, so did their therapists. The first set of questions for patients was regarding demographics, the frequency of dental visits, the level of anxiety and expectations about the level of pain. Before the treatment, dentists estimated the level of patients' anxiety and the expected intensity of pain. After the treatment, the patients evaluated the level of experienced pain and dentists' empathy during the treatment, while dentists reassessed the intensity of patients' pain.The data were statistically analysed by t-test for paired samples and by Spearmans's Rho correlation coefficient at level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS Patients' expectation of pain intensity was higher than the actual pain during the treatment (t-test=3.540, p=0.001). There was no difference in the level of pain which dentists expected and their perception of pain during the procedure. There was a statistically significant correlation between the patients' level of anxiety and recognition of it by dentists (Spearman Rho=0.460, p<0.001). A higher level of anxiety increased the expected intensity of pain (Spearman Rho=0.401, p=0.001). Actual intensity of pain was not significantly associated with dental anxiety (Spearman Rho=0.080, p=0.524). CONCLUSION Since the level of dental anxiety was associated with the increased intensity of expected pain, a vicious cycle of pain and anxiety may be terminated by giving positive information to the patient before and during endodontic procedures.
Can a leopard change its spots? An investigation of mindfulness in relation to brain plasticity

ABSTRACT Mindfulness is an adaptable state of consciousness that has been shown to be effective in the reduction of maladaptive cognitive schemas as well as in raising feelings of self-worth and self-esteem. Cultivating a mindfulness habit is seen to be fortuitous; however the research in this paper looked at the efficacy of a short intervention on improving the cognitive domains of self-esteem, mindful attention awareness, and general anxiety disorder. The study was conducted within a university setting with both students and support staff. An introduction to mindfulness was facilitated over a 90-minute session. Measures were completed by all participants pre- and post-intervention. The results show that there was a significant effect of a mindfulness session on the self-reporting of self-esteem, mindful attention awareness and general anxiety disorder.
Event Detection by Eigenvector Decomposition Using Object and Frame Features

We develop an event detection framework that has two significant advantages over past work. First, we introduce an extended set of time-wise and object-wise statistical features including not only the trajectory coordinates but also the histograms and HMM based representations of object's speed, orientation, location, size, and aspect ratio. These features enable detection of events that cannot be detected with the existing trajectory features reported so far. Second, we introduce a spectral clustering algorithm that can automatically estimate the optimal number of clusters. First, we construct feature-wise affinity matrices from the pair-wise similarity scores of objects using the extended set of features. To determine the usual events, we apply eigen-vector decomposition and obtain object clusters. We show that the number of eigenvectors used in the decomposition is proportional to the optimal number of clusters. Unlike the conventional approaches that try to fit predefined models to events, we analyze the conformity of objects using affinity matrices to find the unusual events. We improve the feature selection process by incorporating feature variances. We prove that the clustering stage is not adversely affected by high dimensionality of data space. Our simulations with synthetic and real data reveal that the proposed detection methods accurately detect usual and unusual events.
Hepatocytic Differentiation Potential of Human Fetal Liver Mesenchymal Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

In line with the search of effective stem cell population that would progress liver cell therapy and because the rate and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) decreases with age, the current study investigates the hepatogenic differentiation potential of human fetal liver MSCs (FL-MSCs). After isolation from 11-12 gestational weeks' human fetal livers, FL-MSCs were shown to express characteristic markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD146 and to display adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation potential. Thereafter, we explored their hepatocytic differentiation potential using the hepatogenic protocol applied for adult human liver mesenchymal cells. FL-MSCs differentiated in this way displayed significant features of hepatocyte-like cells as demonstrated in vitro by the upregulated expression of specific hepatocytic markers and the induction of metabolic functions including CYP3A4 activity, indocyanine green uptake/release, and glucose 6-phosphatase activity. Following transplantation, naive and differentiated FL-MSC were engrafted into the hepatic parenchyma of newborn immunodeficient mice and differentiated in situ. Hence, FL-MSCs appeared to be interesting candidates to investigate the liver development at the mesenchymal compartment level. Standardization of their isolation, expansion, and differentiation may also support their use for liver cell-based therapy development.
Priming Picture Naming with a Semantic Task: An fMRI Investigation

Prior semantic processing can enhance subsequent picture naming performance, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this effect and its longevity are unknown. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined whether different neurological mechanisms underlie short-term (within minutes) and long-term (within days) facilitation effects from a semantic task in healthy older adults. Both short- and long-term facilitated items were named significantly faster than unfacilitated items, with short-term items significantly faster than long-term items. Region of interest results identified decreased activity for long-term facilitated items compared to unfacilitated and short-term facilitated items in the mid-portion of the middle temporal gyrus, indicating lexical-semantic priming. Additionally, in the whole brain results, increased activity for short-term facilitated items was identified in regions previously linked to episodic memory and object recognition, including the right lingual gyrus (extending to the precuneus region) and the left inferior occipital gyrus (extending to the left fusiform region). These findings suggest that distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlie short- and long-term facilitation of picture naming by a semantic task, with long-term effects driven by lexical-semantic priming and short-term effects by episodic memory and visual object recognition mechanisms.
Support knowledge-aided sparse Bayesian learning for compressed sensing

In this paper, we study the problem of sparse signal recovery when partial but partly erroneous prior knowledge of the signal's support is available. Based on the conventional sparse Bayesian learning framework, we propose an improved hierarchical prior model. The proposed modeling constitutes a three-layer hierarchical form. The first two layers, similar to the conventional sparse Bayesian learning, place a Gaussian-inverse-Gamma prior on the signal, while the third layer is newly added, with a prior placed on the parameters {bi}, where {bi} are parameters characterizing the sparsity-controlling hyperparameters {αi}. Such a modeling enables to automatically learn the true support from partly erroneous information through learning the values of the parameters {bi}. A variational Bayesian inference algorithm is developed based on the proposed prior model. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Internet and E-Business Technologies in Atlantic Canada's SMEs: A Structural Equation Model

This study examines the impacts of relevant factors on the acceptance of internet and e-business technologies in Atlantic Canada’s SMEs (smalland medium-sized enterprises). A research framework was developed and nine hypotheses formulated to test the relationships. A survey was conducted and a total of 162 valid responses were obtained from business owners, managers, etc. Support was found for five out of the nine hypotheses formulated. The key findings are as follows: The sampled SME’s organizational readiness is positively related to their intent to use Internet/business technologies (dependant variable); the two constructs of the technology acceptance model (TAM) were found to be important mediators in the relationship between the management support construct and the dependant variable. Further, no evidence was found to suggest that management support positively influences the intent to use Internet/business technologies among Atlantic Canada’s SMEs. The implications of the study’s findings for policy making and research were discussed.
The Unique Aspects of Assessment of ADHD

All assessments in child psychiatry involve evaluation of particular areas that are not typical in an adult assessment. These include a detailed school history, developmental history, a family interview, and collateral information obtained usually by rating scales from teachers and parents. In certain aspects of adult psychiatry some of these child procedures may also serve to augment the assessment process. Collateral information may be useful in assessment of a patient without insight, such as a patient with hypomania. Rating scales can be useful in identification of severity and follow up of improvement. Broad-based rating scales can be used to assure identification of diagnoses that might be missed by the clinician, or that the patient is reluctant to discuss.
A novel pathway for MuSK to induce key genes in neuromuscular synapse formation

At the developing neuromuscular junction the Agrin receptor MuSK is the central organizer of subsynaptic differentiation induced by Agrin from the nerve. The expression of musk itself is also regulated by the nerve, but the mechanisms involved are not known. Here, we analyzed the activation of a musk promoter reporter construct in muscle fibers in vivo and in cultured myotubes, using transfection of multiple combinations of expression vectors for potential signaling components. We show that neuronal Agrin by activating MuSK regulates the expression of musk via two pathways: the Agrin-induced assembly of muscle-derived neuregulin (NRG)-1/ErbB, the pathway thought to regulate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) expression at the synapse, and via a direct shunt involving Agrin-induced activation of Rac. Both pathways converge onto the same regulatory element in the musk promoter that is also thought to confer synapse-specific expression to AChR subunit genes. In this way, a positive feedback signaling loop is established that maintains musk expression at the synapse when impulse transmission becomes functional. The same pathways are used to regulate synaptic expression of AChRɛ . We propose that the novel pathway stabilizes the synapse early in development, whereas the NRG/ErbB pathway supports maintenance of the mature synapse.
The Effect of 7E Learning Cycle on Learning in Science Teaching: A meta-Analysis Study

This article reports the results of a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of 7E learning cycle in science teaching. Totally 35 different effect sizes from 24 experimental studies, comprising 2918 students were included in the meta-analysis. The results confirmed that 7E learning cycle have a positive effect on students’ achievement. The overall effect size (Hedges’s g) value obtained from independent studies was calculated as 1.245 (% 95 CI, SE = .148) between confidence intervals 956 and 1.534 according to the random effects model. Among all effect sizes 32 had a positive effect whereas 3 of them had negative effect. A number of sub-group analyses (school level, type of publication, subject matter and duration) were conducted. The effect of 7E was not significant for school level, type of publication and duration. However, regarding the subject matter a significant difference was observed. The high effect size calculated in this meta-analysis implies that the 7E learning cycle is a useful strategy that should be included in science curriculums.
Investigating the effects of strap tension during non-invasive ventilation mask application: a combined biomechanical and biomarker approach

Non-invasive ventilation is commonly used for respiratory support. However, in some cases, mask application can cause pressure ulcers to specific features of the face, resulting in pain and reduced quality of life for the individual. This study investigated the effects of mask strap tension on the biomechanical and biomarker responses at the skin interface. Healthy participants (n = 13) were recruited and assigned two different masks in a random order, which were fitted with three strap conditions representing increments of 5 mm to increase tension. Masks were worn for 10 minutes at each tension followed by a 10-minute refractory period. Assessment at the device–skin interface included measurements of pressures at the nose and cheeks, temperature and humidity, a selection of inflammatory cytokine concentrations collected from sebum and scores of comfort. The results indicated significantly higher interface pressures at the bridge of the nose compared to the cheeks for both masks (p < 0.05), with nasal interface pressures significantly increasing with elevated strap tension (p < 0.05). One inflammatory cytokine, IL-1α, increased following mask application at the highest tension, with median increases from baselines ranging from 21 to 33%. The other cytokines revealed a less consistent trend with strap tension. The participants reported statistically greater discomfort during elevated strap tension. Temperature and humidity values under the mask were elevated from ambient conditions, although no differences were observed between mask type or strap tension. The bony prominence on the bridge of the nose represented a vulnerable area of skin during respiratory mask application. This study has shown that mask strap tension has a significant effect on the pressure exerted on the nose. This can result in discomfort and an inflammatory response at the skin surface. Further studies are required to investigate respiratory mask application for appropriate individuals with comorbidities.
Early evolution of newly born magnetars with a strong toroidal field

We present a state-of-the-art scenario for newly born magnetars as strong sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the early days after formation. We address several aspects of the astrophysics of rapidly rotating, ultra-magnetized neutron stars (NSs), including early cooling before transition to superfluidity, the effects of the magnetic field on the equilibrium shape of NSs, the internal dynamical state of a fully degenerate, oblique rotator and the strength of the electromagnetic torque on the newly born NS. We show that our scenario is consistent with recent studies of supernova remnant surrounding Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGRs) in the Galaxy that constrains the electromagnetic energy input from the central NS to be ≤ 10 51 erg. We further show that if this condition is met, then the GW signal from such sources is potentially detectable with the forthcoming generation of GW detectors up to Virgo cluster distances where an event rate ∼ 1 yr ―1 can be estimated. Finally, we point out that the decay of an internal magnetic field in the 10 16 G range couples strongly with the NS cooling at very early stages, thus significantly slowing down both processes: the field can remain this strong for at least 10 3 yr, during which the core temperature stays higher than several times 10 8 K.