Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DroidChain: A novel malware detection method for Android based on behavior chain

Android malware threats have recently become a real concern. The growing amount and diversity of these applications render conventional defenses largely ineffective. To fight against malware variants and zero-day malware, this paper proposes DroidChain, a malware detection method based on behavior chain model, which is composed of typical behavior processes of Android apps. Using the method, we summarize four kinds of malware models, including privacy leakage, SMS financial charge, malware installation and privilege escalation. The detection of 1260 Android applications shows that the accuracy of this method reaches 81.8%.
Prevalence and characterization of astroviruses in Argentinean children with acute gastroenteritis

Among viral agents causing gastroenteritis, human astroviruses (HAstVs) take second or third place, after rotaviruses and caliciviruses, as the most frequent cause of illness. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HAstV infection and to characterize the circulating HAstV strains in children with diarrhea under 3 years of age treated between 1995 and 1998 at out‐ or in‐patient facilities of the children's hospital in Mendoza, Argentina. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were used to detect HAstVs in stool specimens. Positive specimens were tested further by EIA and/or sequenced to type detected HAstV strains. HAstVs were detected in 40 (3.7%) of 1,070 samples that were rotavirus and calicivirus‐negative: 14 (3.5%) of 402 from outpatients and 26 (3.9%) of 668 from inpatients. HAstV infection tended to be more severe in children during their first year of life: 18 (4.7%) of 383 HAstV‐positive children 0–11 months old were hospitalized versus 8 (2.8%) of 285 children 1 year of age or older (P = 0.29). Type 1 (HAstV‐1) was the most common type (41%), followed by HAstV‐4 (25%), HAstV‐2 (13%), HAstV‐3 (13%), and HAstV‐5 (8%). In this first epidemiological study of HAstV infection in this region, we confirmed HAstV to be a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children, more often among children younger than 12 months of age. HastV‐4 caused 25% of HastV infections in Mendoza, although it has been detected commonly elsewhere. Distinct genetic lineages were apparent but their epidemiological significance remains to be demonstrated. J. Med. Virol. 72:75–82, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psycholinguistic and Computational Perspectives

A prototype of an automated tool to construct a propositional textbase, AutoProp, is described and qualitatively assessed. The tool is specifically designed to propositionalize texts for experimental studies that collect and analyze participants’ recall of text. The procedure for creating the propositionalized text is explained, followed by a descriptive analysis of the tool’s propositions as compared to 29 hand-coded propositions. In initial testing, all of AutoProp’s propositions differed from the hand-coded propositions at a superficial level; however, no differences deemed uncorrectable were encountered. Based on the success of these initial results, we conclude that AutoProp is a viable tool worthy of continued examination and development. Limitations of the tool, along with future developmental plans and requirements addressing these limitations are also discussed.
Bilateral Filter Based Compositing for Variable Exposure Photography

Compositing a scene from multiple images is of considerableinterest to graphics professionals. Typical compositing techniques involve estimation or explicit prepar ation of matte by an artist. In this article, we address the problem of automatic compositing of a scene from images o btained through variable exposure photography. We consider the High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) problem an d review some of the existing approaches for directly generating a Low Dynamic Range (LDR) image from mul ti-exposure images. We propose a computationally efficient method of scene compositing using edge-prese rving filters such as bilateral filters. The key challenge is to composite the multi-exposure images in such a way so as t o preserve details in both brightly and poorly illuminated regions of the scene within the limited dynamicrange.
Culture, People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology

Part 1 Physical anthropology: organic evolution the human pedigree and human nature the first hominids the origins of "homo sapiens" race, human variation, and the force of evolution. Part 2 Language and culture: the nature of culture language. Part 3 Archaeology and prehistory: the old world paleolithic the neolithic and the rise of the states the second earth. Part 4 Infrastructure: production reproduction. Part 5 Structure: economic organization domestic life kinship, locality, and descent law, order, and war in prestate societies the political economy of chiefdoms and states stratified groups gender and hierarchy sexuality. Part 6 Superstructure: personality and culture religion art. Part 7 Anthropology and modern life: applied anthropology the antrhopology of a hyperindustrial society. Appendix: a history of theories of culture.
Zusammenfügen was zusammengehört. Kompetenzprofile am Ende der Lehrerausbildung im internationalen Vergleich

Untersucht wird, ob sich in 14 Landern, die an der "Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M)" der IEA teilgenommen haben, angehende Lehrkrafte identifizieren lassen, die ein vergleichbares Muster an Professionswissen und professionellen Uberzeugungen aufweisen. Die Identifikation solcher Kompetenzprofile erfolgt auf Basis der Item-Response-Theorie, sodass Gruppenzugehorigkeit personenorientiert und nicht-deterministisch modelliert wird. In den meisten Landern lassen sich am Ende der Ausbildung zwei Profile identifizieren: Lehrkrafte mit einem kognitiv anspruchsvollen und dynamisch-konstruktivistisch akzentuierten Kompetenzprofil sowie leistungsschwachere Lehrkrafte mit starker statischen und transmissionsorientierten Uberzeugungen. Erklarende Merkmale der Profilzugehorigkeit sind das Geschlecht, fachliche und insbesondere fachdidaktische Lerngelegenheiten sowie die Koharenz der Ausbildung. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Hinweise auf Reformpotenzial in der Lehrerausbildung ableiten. (DIPF/Orig.) The authors examine whether, in the 14 countries which took part in the Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M), carried out by the IEA, future teachers can be identified who exhibit comparable patterns of professional knowledge and professional beliefs. The identification of such competence profiles is carried out on the basis of the item-response-theory, so that group membership is modeled in a person-oriented and non-deterministic way. In the majority of the countries investigated, two profiles could be identified at the end of teacher training: teachers with a cognitively ambitious and dynamic-constructivist accented competence profile and less efficient teachers with more static and transmission-oriented beliefs. Explanatory attributes of profile membership are gender, subject-related and, above all, subject-specific didactic learning opportunities as well as coherence in teacher training. The results point to potential reforms of teacher training. (DIPF/Orig.)
Self-Help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life

Acknowledgements Prologue. Covey's Daughter and Her Dilemma Introduction. From Self-Made to Belabored 1. From Calling to Vision: Spiritual, Secular and Gendered Notions 2. From Power! to Personal Power! : Survivalism and the Inward Turn 3. From Having It All to Simple Abundance: Gender and the Logic of Diminished Expectations 4. The Self at Work: From Job-Hunters to Artist-Entrepreneurs 5. At Work on the Self: The Making of the Belabored Self 6. All You Can Be, or Some Conclusions Appendix. Some Notes on Method Notes Bibliography
Induction of Nesidioblastosis Will Reverse Diabetes in Syrian Golden Hamster

Nesidioblastosis, which is the formation of new islets and the differentiation of cells within the islets, represents part of the spectrum of hyperfunctioning states of the islets of Langerhans at the clinical level. Nesidioblastosis in the Syrian golden hamster can be induced by wrapping the head of the pancreas with cellophane tape. Ligation of the duct is not involved, and acinar cell atrophy does not occur. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the induction of nesidioblastosis could be used as a means of reversing streptozocin-induced diabetes. Outbred hamsters (n = 32), 8 wk of age, were rendered diabetic by treatment with 40 mg/kg i.p. streptozocin, administered daily for 3 days. Four days later, 16 animals chosen at random underwent laparotomy with cellophane wrapping of the pancreas. Before surgery, the serum glucose and insulin levels (means ± SE) in the unoperated control animals (389.0 ± 18.6, 33.9 ± 3.8) did not differ from those in the animals awaiting the operation (373.2 ± 18.6, 37.9 ± 3.8). After 7 wk, 50% of the operated animals had serum glucose and insulin levels that were normal, compared to only 12% of the unoperated control animals (χ2 = 5.53, P < .05). Islets from normoglycemic operated animals were characterized by increased numbers, including many small islets, positive immunoreactive insulin staining, and minimal vacuolation of cells. Islets from hyperglycemic operated hamsters and from the unoperated control animals were decreased in number and generally larger in size, demonstrated little or no immunoreactive insulin staining, and exhibited marked vacuolation of cells. It is concluded that cellophane wrapping of the pancreas induces the formation of islets and endocrine cells that are functionally capable of reversing streptozocin-induced diabetes.
Recent Developments in the Baltic Countries – What Are the Lessons for Southeastern Europe?

This paper analyses recent developments in and the main similarities and differences between the Baltic countries and those Southeastern European countries with low nominal exchange rate flexibility (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia and the FYR of Macedonia). In addition to having a similar monetary policy framework all seven countries covered in the paper are very small, open economies. They differ, however, in their level of economic development and the degree of their institutional and economic integration with the EU. This paper reviews the main drivers of the growth and convergence process in these seven countries since 2000, describes the associated build-up of internal and external imbalances and looks at the turning point from boom to bust in the Baltic countries. In addition, the paper looks at the key macro-financial vulnerabilities and the structural challenges that these seven countries are currently facing. 1 Cut-off date for data was end-July 2009. 2 Reiner Martin is Head of Section at the European Central Bank (reiner.martin@ecb.int). At the time of writing this paper he is at the Foreign Research Division of the OeNB (reiner.martin@oenb.at). The paper benefited from helpful comments by Peter Mooslechner, Doris Ritzberger-Grünwald, Peter Backé, Santa Berzina and the participants of an OeNB seminar on 23 March 2009. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the OeNB or the ECB. 3 Claudia Zauchinger is an economist at the Foreign Research Division of the OeNB (claudia.zauchinger@oenb.at). Recent Developments in the Baltics and Southeastern European Countries with Low Nominal Exchange Rate Flexibility WORKSHOPS NO. 15 11 JEL Classification Numbers: E63, F15, F36, O11,
NMR demonstration of cerebral abnormalities: comparison with CT.

Sixty-eight patients with a wide spectrum of brain pathology were imaged with both computed tomography (CT) using a G.E. 8800 scanner and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with a 3.5 kG prototype device. NMR was more advantageous in the detection and/or characterization of pathology in 20 of the 68 patients, especially when demyelination was part of the disease process or when the lesion was obscured on CT by beam-hardening artifact. Punctate foci of calcification identified on CT were not detected on NMR, but larger calcifications were seen. NMR was sensitive to detection of both normal and abnormal vascular structures. The ability of NMR to differentiate among different pathologic entities remains to be fully evaluated. NMR currently complements CT in the evaluation of many disease entities and may actually supplant CT in some. The full future potential of NMR and its role with respect to CT has only begun to be elucidated.
Contractive Auto-Encoders: Explicit Invariance During Feature Extraction

We present in this paper a novel approach for training deterministic auto-encoders. We show that by adding a well chosen penalty term to the classical reconstruction cost function, we can achieve results that equal or surpass those attained by other regularized auto-encoders as well as denoising auto-encoders on a range of datasets. This penalty term corresponds to the Frobenius norm of the Jacobian matrix of the encoder activations with respect to the input. We show that this penalty term results in a localized space contraction which in turn yields robust features on the activation layer. Furthermore, we show how this penalty term is related to both regularized auto-encoders and denoising auto-encoders and how it can be seen as a link between deterministic and non-deterministic auto-encoders. We find empirically that this penalty helps to carve a representation that better captures the local directions of variation dictated by the data, corresponding to a lower-dimensional non-linear manifold, while being more invariant to the vast majority of directions orthogonal to the manifold. Finally, we show that by using the learned features to initialize a MLP, we achieve state of the art classification error on a range of datasets, surpassing other methods of pretraining.
Autism: reduced connectivity between cortical areas involved in face expression, theory of mind, and the sense of self

Cheng, Rolls et al. examine whole-brain voxel-based resting-state functional connectivity in 418 people with autism. They reveal reduced connectivity between regions involved in facial expression processing and theory of mind (middle temporal gyrus), emotion processing (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and the representation of self (precuneus and related posterior cingulate areas).
Majoring In Information Systems: Examining the Factors Affecting Student Choice

Despite the increasing demand for information technology professionals in the job market, the number of undergraduates pursuing information systems (IS) degrees is declining. To improve student recruitment, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which students choose to pursue an IS major. This study focuses on the socio-cognitive factors that promote or inhibit the development of student choice behaviors specific to the IS major. The study utilizes Social Cognitive Career Theory and serves two important purposes. First, it develops valid and reliable measures specific to the IS context via a rigorous instrument development process. Second, it empirically tests a research model that can explain and predict student choice behaviors. The findings suggest that the instruments exhibit excellent levels of reliability and validity. Computer selfefficacy, outcome expectations, and student interest in IS were found to independently and cumulatively shape aspirations to choose the IS major. The findings and implications are discussed.
Current Views of Departmental Quality: An Empirical Examination

Abstract: This article examines systematically four different views of quality: a faculty view, a student view, a resource view, and an outcomes view. In varying degrees the research literature is found to lend empirical support to all four views. A recent study which incorporated each of these four views is introduced in order to reexamine the merits and limitations of each perspective. The ensuing discussion considers the theoretical and practical problems encountered in dealing with the elusive concept of quality and suggests the kinds of actions colleges and universities can take to improve program quality.
Egocentric Dynamic Network Visualization

Dynamic network visualization has been a challenging research topic due to the visual and computational complexity introduced by the extra time dimension. Existing solutions are usually good for overview and presentation tasks, but not for the interactive analysis of a large dynamic network. We introduce in this paper a new approach which considers only the dynamic network central to a focus node, also known as the egocentric dynamic network. Our major contribution is a novel 1.5D visualization design which greatly reduces the visual complexity of the dynamic network without sacrificing the topological and temporal context central to the focus node. In our design, the egocentric dynamic network is presented in a single static view, supporting rich analysis through user interactions on both time and network. We propose a general framework for the 1.5D visualization approach, including the data processing pipeline, the visualization algorithm design, and customized interaction methods. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on egocentric dynamic network analysis tasks, through case studies and a controlled user experiment comparing with three baseline dynamic network visualization methods.
Stigma Perceptions of Adolescents with Emotional and/or Behavioral Difficulties

The current study sought to better understand how adolescents with serious mental health problems participating in inpatient psychiatric treatment experience selfand perceived public stigma, using demographic and clinical factors to help further explain adolescents’ experience of selfand perceived public stigma. Participants reported moderate levels of both selfand perceived public stigma, though these adolescents did not report significantly higher levels of selfor perceived public stigma than community/outpatient based samples. Although neither the three demographic nor three clinical factors were able to account for a significant amount of reported selfor perceived public stigma, the current research examined an understudied, acute population not previously found in the literature. This study begins to fill the gap in research about stigma experiences from the most acute populations. STIGMA PERCEPTIONS OF ADOLESCENTS 3
Energy efficient information collection in wireless sensor networks using adaptive compressive sensing

We consider the problem of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to measure the temporal-spatial field of some scalar physical quantities. Our goal is to obtain a sufficiently accurate approximation of the temporal-spatial field with as little energy as possible. We propose an adaptive algorithm, based on the recently developed theory of adaptive compressive sensing, to collect information from WSNs in an energy efficient manner. The key idea of the algorithm is to perform “projections” iteratively to maximise the amount of information gain per energy expenditure. We prove that this maximisation problem is NP-hard and propose a number of heuristics to solve this problem. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms using data from both simulation and an outdoor WSN testbed. The results show that our proposed algorithms are able to give a more accurate approximation of the temporal-spatial field for a given energy expenditure.
A Reinforcement-Learning Approach to Proactive Caching in Wireless Networks

We consider a mobile user accessing contents in a dynamic environment, where new contents are generated over time (by the user’s contacts) and remain relevant to the user for random lifetimes. The user, equipped with a finite-capacity cache memory, randomly accesses the system and requests all the relevant contents at the time of access. The system incurs an energy cost associated with the number of contents downloaded and the channel quality at that time. Assuming causal knowledge of the channel quality, the content profile, and the user-access behavior, we model the proactive caching problem as a Markov decision process with the goal of minimizing the long-term average energy cost. We first prove the optimality of a threshold-based proactive caching scheme, which dynamically caches or removes appropriate contents from the memory, prior to being requested by the user, depending on the channel state. The optimal threshold values depend on the system state and hence are computationally intractable. Therefore, we propose parametric representations for the threshold values and use reinforcement-learning algorithms to find near-optimal parameterizations. We demonstrate through simulations that the proposed schemes significantly outperform classical reactive downloading and perform very close to a genie-aided lower bound.
Guidance on the emergent reversal of oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors

The new oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban have advantages over warfarin which include no need for laboratory monitoring, less drug–drug interactions and less food‐drug interactions. However, there is no established antidote for patients who are bleeding or require emergent surgery and there is a paucity of evidence to guide the clinical care during these situations. Members of thrombosis and anticoagulation groups participating in the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Summit of North America formulated expert opinion guidance for reversing the anticoagulant effect of the new oral anticoagulants and suggest: routine supportive care, activated charcoal if drug ingestion was within a couple of hours, and hemodialysis if feasible for dabigatran. Also, the pros and cons of the possible use of four factor prothrombin complex concentrate are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Under Consideration for Publication in J. Functional Programming a Module Calculus for Pure Type Systems

Several proof-assistants rely on the very formal basis of Pure Type Systems (PTS) as their foundations. We are concerned with the issues involved in the development of large proofs in these provers such as namespace management, development of reusable proof libraries and separate verification. Although implementations offer many features to address them, few theoretical foundations have been laid for them up to now. This is a problem as features dealing with modularity may have harmful, unsuspected effects on the reliability or usability of an implementation. In this paper, we propose an extension of Pure Type Systems with a module system, MC2, adapted from SML-like module systems for programming languages. This system gives a theoretical framework addressing the issues mentioned above in a quite uniform way. It is intended to be a theoretical foundation for the module systems of proof-assistants such as Coq or Agda. We show how reliability and usability can be formalized as metatheoretical properties and prove they hold for MC2.
Bostwick Degree and Rheological Properties: an Up-to-date Viewpoint

Abstract The correlation between the Bostwick degree and the static rheological properties of yield stress food fuids is first revisited and then reformulated in this work. The role of the yield stress in the free surface flow of the Bost-wick test is studied using dimensional analysis. Results from experiments on 48 different samples of yield stress fluids are considered and included to check the adequacy of the proposed correlation. Asymptotic dynamic behaviour is also presented and discussed as a mechanism of complete self similarity with respect of the dimensionless time. This approach would seem to support the opinions in favor of the yield stress as a key parameter, and thus offers an interesting new viewpoint useful to both future experiments on the Bostwick test and studies of 'dam-break' like dynamics.