Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uveal and Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma in Denmark, 1943–97: Incidence and Validation Study

Purpose: To study the incidence of malignant melanoma in the ocular region in Denmark during the period 1943-97. Methods: The patients were mainly identified through the Danish Cancer Registry. Age-period-cohort modelling of the incidence rates was done based on age at diagnosis, calendar period and birth cohort in 5-year groups and for each gender. Results: The age-standardized incidence of malignant melanoma in the ocular region was 0.78 for men (N = 1327) and 0.65 for women (N = 1242) per 100,000 person-years. Calendar period and birth cohort had no effect on the incidence in the ocular region or in the topography subgroups choroid/ciliary body and conjunctiva. However, the incidence increased with birth cohort for iris melanomas. Conclusions: The incidence of malignant melanoma in the ocular region was stable in contrast to a major increase in cutaneous melanoma in Denmark during the period 1943-97. The incidence of iris melanomas increased substantially, whereas the rate was stable for choroid/ciliary body and conjunctival melanomas.
Heat Illness in Football: Current Concepts

Despite growing health and safety concerns, American football remains a vastly popular sport in the United States. Unfortunately, even with increased efforts in promoting education and hydration, the incidence of death from exertional heat stroke continues to rise. General risk factors such as hydration status, obesity, fitness level, and football-specific risk factors such as timing of training camp and equipment all contribute to the development of heat illness. At the professional level, changes have been made to effectively reduce mortality from heat stroke with no deaths since August 2001. However, there have been at least 33 total deaths at the high school and collegiate levels since this time. More efforts need to be focused at these levels to mandate exertional heat illness prevention guidelines in order to reverse this trend of mortality in our younger athletes.
The Responses of Visual Neurons in the Frontal Eye Field Are Biased for Saccades

Previous research suggests that visually responsive neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF) respond to visual targets even when they are not the goal of a saccadic eye movement. These results raise the possibility that these neurons respond to visual targets independent of the effector that is to be used to acquire the target locations. In the present study, we examined whether a plan to execute a saccade or a reach to a visual target influenced the response to and the representation of targets in the FEF. We recorded single unit responses to the onset of the target, during the delay period, and around the time of the movement, on interleaved saccade and reach trials of a delayed-response task. We found that the responses of approximately equal percentages of visual, visuomovement, and movement neurons (50%, 58%, and 58%, respectively) were greater on saccade trials than on reach trials in at least one interval of the delayed-response task. Converse biases, in favor of reaches, were much less frequent (13%, 10%, and 19%, in visual, visuomovement, and movement neurons respectively). Thus, although visual neurons may not be directly involved in triggering saccadic eye movements, they are nonetheless highly saccade-biased, with percentages comparable to neurons that are directly involved in triggering saccadic eye movements.
An Efﬁcient RNS to Binary Converter Using the Moduli Set { 2 n + 1 , 2 n, 2 n − 1 }

— In this paper, we investigate Residue Number System (RNS) to decimal conversion which is an important issue concerning the utilization of RNS numbers in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. We propose a reverse converter using the moduli set { 2 n +1 , 2 n, 2 n − 1 } . First, we show that this converter does not require the computation of multiplicative inverses. Next, we simplify the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) to obtain a low complexity implementation, which does not require explicit use of modulo operation in the conversion process as it is normally the case in the traditional CRT. At the algorithm level the conversion process requires 3 or 4 additions and 4 multiplications thus theoretically speaking its expected performance is similar to that of other state of the art equivalent converters. A critical path analysis however, which takes into consideration hardware implementation details, indicates that the proposed converter outperforms other state of the art converters in terms of speed at the expense of same or lower area.
SPRINT: Social prediction-based opportunistic routing

Opportunistic networks are mobile networks that rely on the store-carry-and-forward paradigm, using contacts between nodes to opportunistically transfer data. For this reason, traditional routing mechanisms are no longer suitable. To increase the probability of successfull message delivery, we propose SPRINT, an opportunistic routing algorithm that introduces an additional routing criterion: online social information about nodes. Furthermore, previous results show that, for particular environments, contacts between devices in opportunistic networks are highly predictable. When users follow rare events-based mobility patterns, we show that human mobility can be approximated as a Poisson distribution. Based on this result, we add an additional prediction component into our routing algorithm. Our solution delivers better results compared to traditional social-based routing approaches, for different real-world and synthetic mobility scenarios.
Adaptive deterministic maximum likelihood using a quasi-discrete prior

A block algorithm is presented to solve the joint blind channel identification and blind symbol estimation problem. It is based on a deterministic maximum likelihood (DML) method. A partial prior on the symbols is incorporated into the DML criterion in order to improve the estimation accuracy. We propose a test which permits to circumvent the local minima problem and which is pertinent for a large class of criteria. The structure of the block algorithm is well-suited for deriving recursive and adaptive versions. We prove that, in the noiseless case, the obtained recursive algorithm converges only towards the global minimum. Numerical results show that the prior on the symbols improves the accuracy of the estimators and brings robustness to the lack of channel diversity. At the same time, this method introduces fewer local minima than the use of a full prior.
Quantitative CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers

We report a major revision of the CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT). This quantitative CHAT (Q-CHAT) contains 25 items, scored on a 5 point scale (0-4). The QCHAT was completed by parents of n = 779 unselected toddlers (mean age 21 months) and n = 160 toddlers and preschoolers (mean age 44 months) with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). The ASC group (mean (SD) = 51.8 (14.3)) scored higher on the QCHAT than controls (26.7 (7.8)). Boys in the control group (27.5 (7.8)) scored higher than girls (25.8 (7.7)). The intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability was 0.82 (n=330). The distribution in the control group was close to normal. Full examination of the clinical validity of the Q-CHAT and test properties is underway.
Proton Adsorption Selectivity of Zeolites in Aqueous Media: Effect of Exchangeable Cation Species of Zeolites

The saturation of negative charges of zeolites by specific cations to modify their physicochemical and catalytic properties has broadened the applications of zeolites. The adsorption behavior of H+ to Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+-saturated Linde-type A, Na-P1, mordenite, X type and Y type zeolites was evaluated at different pH-pM, where pH-pM is equal to log {(M+)/(H+)} and M+ represents either Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, or Cs+. In all cases, with decreasing pH-pM, the amounts of alkali metal retention decreased due to the adsorption of H+ via cation exchange reaction. The adsorption selectivity of H+ into the zeolites had a negative correlation with the Si/Al ratio of the zeolites. In each zeolite species, Cs+-saturated zeolite showed the lowest H+ selectivity, and this suggested that Cs+ had the strongest adsorption energy in the alkali metal cations. The adsorption of H+ was strongly affected by diameter and hydration energy of the alkali metal cations, and was also affected by the framework type and Si/Al ratio of the zeolites. The adsorption of H+ into zeolites decreases the amount of cation retention other than with H+ and may cause the elution of Si and Al into aqueous solutions.
Saving clinicians' time by delegating routine aspects of therapy to a computer: a randomized controlled trial in phobia/panic disorder

Background. The demand for time-consuming psychotherapy of phobia/panic exceeds the supply of trained therapists. Delegating routine therapy aspects to a computer might ease this problem. Method. Ninety-three out-patients with phobia or panic disorder were randomized in a 2[ratio ]2[ratio ]1 ratio to have self-exposure therapy guided either mainly by a stand-alone computer system (FearFighter) or entirely face-to-face by a clinician, or to have mainly computer-guided self-relaxation as a placebo. Both computer groups (FearFighter and relaxation) had brief back-up advice from a clinician. Primary outcome measures were self- and blind-assessor ratings of Main Problem and Goals, and Global Phobia. Results. Drop-outs occurred significantly more often in the two self-exposure groups (43% if mainly computer-guided, 24% if entirely clinician-guided) than with self-relaxation (6%); the difference between the two self-exposure groups was not significant. Even with all drop-outs included, the mainly computer-guided exposure group and the relaxation group had 73% less clinician time per patient than did the entirely clinician-guided exposure group. The two self-exposure groups had comparable improvement and satisfaction at post-treatment and at 1-month follow-up, while relaxation was ineffective. Mean improvement on the primary outcome measures (self- and assessor-rated) was 46% computer, 49% clinician, 9% relaxation at post-treatment (week 10) and 58% computer, 53% clinician and −4% relaxation at 1-month follow-up (week 14). Mean effect sizes on the primary outcome measures were 2·9 computer, 3·5 clinician and 0·5 relaxation at post-treatment; and 3·7 computer, 3·5 clinician and 0·5 relaxation at 1-month follow-up. The assessor did not rate patients at follow-up. Conclusions. Despite its (non-significantly) higher dropout rate, self-exposure therapy for panic/phobia cut clinician time per patient by 73% without losing efficacy when guided mainly by a computer rather than entirely by a clinician. The finding needs confirmation at a follow-up that is longer and includes a blind assessor. Self-relaxation had the highest rate of completers but was ineffective.
Confounders in Rehabilitation Trials of Task-Oriented Training: Lessons From the Designs of the EXCITE and SCILT Multicenter Trials

Two multicenter randomized clinical trials (MRCT), the Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation (EXCITE) to improve upper extremity function after stroke and the Spinal Cord Injury Locomotor Trial (SCILT) to enable functional walking after incomplete spinal cord injury, demonstrate that complex, task-oriented physical therapies can be studied using a scientific methodology during inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation. In the past, a new therapy’s benefit may have been overestimated by comparing it to no treatment or to a conventional treatment at a low intensity of practice. Sample sizes were often too small and may have failed to detect the efficacy of a new intervention. In addition, whereas statistical significance in outcomes has been critical to understanding whether one treatment is better than another, the clinical significance of outcomes must also impact the interpretation of the results of a trial. MRCT designs will continue to improve through attention to the limitations of preclinical animal models that offer a conceptual basis for the treatment, from enrichment strategies at every phase of trial development, from more vigorous dose-response studies using adaptive methods, by capturing interim measures of behavior and functional neurophysiologic adaptations during the treatment phase, by aiming for a clinically meaningful control intervention, and by including ratio or interval outcome measures when feasible that capture a target of the intervention in relation to gains in daily functioning and quality of life.
Paradoxical absence of nuclear inclusion in cerebellar Purkinje cells of hereditary ataxias linked to CAG expansion

Degeneration of cerebellar cortex is one of the principal features of hereditary ataxias linked to expansion of CAG repeat. In an attempt to clarify possible correlation between neuronal depletion and neuronal intranuclear inclusions, both triggered by the pathological expansion of CAG repeat, cerebellar sections from SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and DRPLA cases were immunostained with anti-ubiquitin or anti-expanded polyglutamine antibody (1C2) and were screened for the presence of neuronal intranuclear inclusions. Although the degree of cerebellar degeneration varied greatly, cerebellar Purkinje cells were uniformly characterised by the absence of neuronal intranuclear inclusion. Complete absence of neuronal intranuclear inclusion in Purkinje cells is apparently paradoxical and hardly explained if neuronal intranuclear inclusion formation is positively correlated to a mechanism accelerating neuronal death. It may, otherwise, suggest an intrinsic link between neuronal intranuclear inclusion formation and neurodegeneration in opposite directions in human Purkinje cells, more or less affected in these CAG repeat disorders.
Metabolic Networks Underlying Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A European Alzheimer Disease Consortium Project

This project aimed to investigate the metabolic basis for resilience to neurodegeneration (cognitive reserve) in highly educated patients with prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Sixty-four patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment who later converted to AD dementia during follow-up, and 90 controls, underwent brain 18F-FDG PET. Both groups were divided into a poorly educated subgroup (42 controls and 36 prodromal AD patients) and a highly educated subgroup (48 controls and 28 prodromal AD patients). Brain metabolism was first compared between education-matched groups of patients and controls. Then, metabolism was compared between highly and poorly educated prodromal AD patients in both directions to identify regions of high education-related metabolic depression and compensation. The clusters of significant depression and compensation were further used as volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) in a brain interregional correlation analysis in each prodromal AD subgroup to explore metabolic connectivity. All analyses were performed by means of SPM8 (P < 0.001 uncorrected at peak level, P < 0.05 false discovery rate–corrected at cluster level; age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and center as nuisance). Results: Highly educated prodromal AD patients showed more severe hypometabolism than poorly educated prodromal AD patients in the left inferior and middle temporal gyri and the left middle occipital gyrus (ROI depression). Conversely, they showed relative hypermetabolism in the right inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri (ROI compensation). The sites of compensation, mainly corresponding to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFC), showed wide metabolic correlations with several cortical areas in both hemispheres (frontotemporal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and precuneus) in highly educated prodromal AD patients but not in poorly educated prodromal AD patients. To provide evidence on whether these metabolic correlations represent preservation of the physiologic networks of highly educated control subjects (neural reserve) or rather the recruitment of alternative networks (neural compensation), or a combination of the two, we performed metabolic connectivity analysis of the DLFC in highly educated controls as well. The correlation sites of right DLFC partly overlapped those of highly educated prodromal AD patients but were less extended. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that highly educated prodromal AD patients can cope better with the disease thanks to neural reserve but also to the recruitment of compensatory neural networks in which the right DLFC plays a key role.
Comparative proteomics reveals signature metabolisms of exponentially growing and stationary phase marine bacteria

Summary Much of the phenotype of a microorganism consists of its repertoire of metabolisms and how and when its proteins are deployed under different growth conditions. Hence, analyses of protein expression could provide important understanding of how bacteria adapt to different environmental settings. To characterize the flexibility of proteomes of marine bacteria, we investigated protein profiles of three important marine bacterial lineages – Oceanospirillaceae (Neptuniibacter caesariensis strain MED92), Roseobacter (Phaeobacter sp. MED193) and Flavobacteria (Dokdonia sp. MED134) – during transition from exponential to stationary phase. As much as 59–80% of each species' total proteome was expressed. Moreover, all three bacteria profoundly altered their expressed proteomes during growth phase transition, from a dominance of proteins involved in translation to more diverse proteomes, with a striking appearance of enzymes involved in different nutrient‐scavenging metabolisms. Whereas the three bacteria shared several overarching metabolic strategies, they differed in important details, including distinct expression patterns of membrane transporters and proteins in carbon and phosphorous metabolism and storage compounds. These differences can be seen as signature metabolisms – metabolisms specific for lineages. These findings suggest that quantitative proteomics can inform about the divergent ecological strategies of marine bacteria in adapting to changes in environmental conditions.
Motor coordination in children with ADHD. Clinical, familial and genetic aspects.

Objective ADHD is frequently accompanied by motor coordination problems. However, the co-occurrence of poor motor performance has received less attention In research than other coexisting problems In ADHD. The underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. Therefore, we Investigated the prevalence of motor coordination problems In a large sample of children with ADHD, and the relationship between motor coordination problems and Inattentive and hyperactlve/lmpulslve symptoms. Furthermore, we assessed whether the association between ADHD and motor coordination problems was comparable across ages and was similar for both genders. Method We Investigated 486 children with ADHD and 269 normal controls. Motor coordination problems were rated by parents (Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire) and teachers (Groningen Motor Observation Scale). Results Parents and teachers reported motor coordination problems In about one third of children with ADHD. Problems of fine and gross motor skills, coordination skills and motor control were all related to Inattentive rather than hyperactlve/lmpulslve symptoms. Relative to controls, motor coordination problems In ADHD were still present In teenagers according to parents; the prevalence diminished somewhat according to teachers. Boys and girls with ADHD were comparably affected, but motor performance In controls was better In girls than In boys. Conclusions Motor coordination problems were reported In one third of children with ADHD and affected both boys and girls. These problems were also apparent In adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians treating children with ADHD should pay attention to co-occurring motor coordination problems because of the high prevalence and the negative Impact of motor coordination problems on dally life.
Impact of motion on the random access efficiency of scalable compressed video

To achieve high access efficiency in scalable video compression, the embedded codestream should facilitate efficient viewing through a window with compact support in space and time. The ability to interact with a region of interest in any spatio-temporal subband is limited by the granularity of the code blocks chosen during compression, which is linked to coding performance. Previous studies have investigated the optimal code block dimensions with respect to coding efficiency and random accessibility without considering the impact of motion. This paper further examines how the random access cost is exacerbated by motion. The loss in performance due to motion-compensation is considered from a random access perspective, in the context of a non-separable spatio-temporal subband transform. The methods are general and the results are pertinent to a variety of interactive video browsing applications.
Cognition Change from Skype Internet Phone User by Qualitative Perspectives

A wave of Internet phone sweeps across the world in recent years, and the Internet phone technology has quickly changed people in psychological, social, marketing mix and situational influences. In order to analyze the shift from non- Skype users to becoming Skype users, a qualitative approach in a longitudinal percept is used to explore the affect and cognition of consumers. With a time period analysis, this study compares both individual and group schema differences by using in-depth interviews, open coding and axial coding. Our findings from the schema-based perspective provide evidences that different time period processes lead to different consumers affect and cognition of schema development. Moreover, the results reveal that consumers' affect has a positive impact on consumers' cognition, which in turn creates a positive influence on Skype usage. In the end, we conclude that both consumers affect and cognition play significant influence on Skype usage. These findings also present valuable information to different areas across relative efforts in consumers affect and cognition.
High‐precision Hy–CI variational calculations for the ground state of neutral helium and helium‐like ions

Hylleraas-configuration interaction (Hy-CI) method variational calculations with up to 4648 expansion terms are reported for the ground 1 S state of neutral helium. Convergence arguments are presented to obtain estimates for the exact nonrelativistic energy of this state. The nonrelativistic energy is calculated to be -2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9829 99 a.u. Comparisons with other calculations and an energy extrapolation give an estimated nonrelativistic energy of -2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9830(2) a.u. , which agrees well with the best previous variational energy, -2.9037 2437 7034 1195 9829 55 a.u. , of Korobov (Phys Rev A 2000, 61, 64503), obtained using the universal (exponential) variational expansion method with complex exponents (Frolov, A. M.; Smith, V. H. Jr. J Phys B Atom Mol Opt Phys 1995, 28, L449). In addition to He, results are also included for the ground IS states of H - , Li + , Be + + , and B + 3 .
Atmospheric New Particle Formation Enhanced by Organic Acids

Atmospheric aerosols often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter, but the role of organic compounds in new nanometer-sized particle formation is highly uncertain. Laboratory experiments show that nucleation of sulfuric acid is considerably enhanced in the presence of aromatic acids. Theoretical calculations identify the formation of an unusually stable aromatic acid–sulfuric acid complex, which likely leads to a reduced nucleation barrier. The results imply that the interaction between organic and sulfuric acids promotes efficient formation of organic and sulfate aerosols in the polluted atmosphere because of emissions from burning of fossil fuels, which strongly affect human health and global climate.