Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of regional deprivation index on personal happiness using multilevel analysis

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to identify the factors that influence the happiness index of community residents, by considering personal and regional aspects, and to use as evidence of efforts for improvement of the happiness index. METHODS: The study was conducted based on information from 16,270 participants who met the data requirement among those who participated in the 2011 South Gyeongsang Community Health Survey. Of the factors that can influence the happiness index, socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior, morbidity, and healthcare use, social contact, and participation in social activities were classified as personal factors; for regional factors, data from the 2010 census were used to extrapolate the regional deprivation indices at the submunicipal-level (eup, myeon, and dong) in South Gyeongsang Province. The happiness index for each characteristic was compared to that for others via t-test and ANOVA, and multilevel analysis was performed, using four models: a basic model for identification of only random effects, model 1 for identification of personal factors, model 2 for identification of regional factors, and model 3 for simultaneous consideration of both personal and regional factors. RESULTS: The mean happiness index was 63.2 points (64.6 points in males and 62.0 points in females), while the mean deprivation index was -1.58 points. In the multilevel analysis, the regional-level variance ratio of the basic model was 10.8%, confirming interregional differences. At the personal level, higher happiness indices were seen in groups consisting of males with high educational level, high income, high degree of physical activity, sufficient sleep, active social contact, and participation in social activities; whereas lower happiness indices were seen in people who frequently skipped breakfast, had unmet healthcare needs, and had accompanying diseases, as well as those with higher deprivation index. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that the happiness index of community residents was influenced by not only personal aspects but also various regional characteristics. To increase the happiness index, interests at both personal and regional levels, as well as community emphasis on creating social rapport and engaging in selective efforts, are needed in vulnerable regions with relatively high deprivation index.
Valuing Native Eating: The Modern Roots of Peruvian Food Heritage

In different regional contexts, heritage politics are encouraging the revitalization and promotion of particular and “traditional” food products to increase cultural recognition and market potential. Accordingly, Peruvian cuisine recently burst into the political arena. This article focuses on the preliminary stage of the construction of Peruvian food heritage, that of awareness of the new values that food cultures could embrace. I argue that paying close attention to social and economic contexts helps to further understanding of the value-adding processes that foster this sort of heritage. The methodology combines bibliographical data, qualitative fieldwork in Lima consisting of interviews with chefs, food studies scholars and restaurant owners, and ethnographic observations in gastronomic restaurants.
Relative fitness of genetically open and closed experimental populations of Drosophila robusta.

HEN a genetically variable gene pool faces a new environmental challenge, Wmicroevolutionary change may be expected to occur. To understand this change, it would be ideal to know the details of the structure and integration of the gene pool both before and after the change. Although such conditions can hardly be met in any study of natural populations, an approach, at least, can be made in laboratory experiments. In a number of species of Drosophila, genetic control is now such that the artificial construction of various kinds of gene pools presents no particular difficulty. The classical methods for the experimental study of gene pools in the laboratory ( L’H~RITIER, NEEFS and TEISSIER 1937; WRIGHT and DOBZHANSKY 1946; REED and REED 1948; BUZZATI-TRAVERSO 1955) provide an opportunity for the application of stringent natural selection and afford some control of population size. These experimental designs, however, provide no means for comparing the over-all biological performance of one gene pool with another when both are maintained under similar environmental conditions. By providing exact amounts of food and space and exact change intervals to various genetically different experimental populations of D. nelanogaster, CARSON (1958~; 1961), BERT (1960) and SMATHERS (1961) developed methods for making weekly population size measurements under the arbitrarily imposed conditions. CARSON (1961 ) has proposed that population size, measured for comparable gene pools under these conditions, may be used as a measure of the performance of the population, or, in short, its relative population fitness. The gene pool which maintains the larger size is judged the relatively more fit. The present paper concerns itself with the extension of this method to laboratory populations of Drosophila robusta. This species is a common native faunal element of the deciduous forest of the eastern United States, having a large number of different gene arrangements which generally show clinal distributions and a strong tendency towards marginal homozygosity (CARSON 1955, 1958a, 1959). Data are presented in this paper on laboratory populations derived from various geographic sources, both marginal and central. Some of the populations studied are genetically “closed” throughout the course of the experiment. Others have been kept genetically “open” by maintaining a continual inflow of genes; still others have been subjected to mass hybridization. The performance of these various populations and their controls has been compared, and the fate of chromosome polymorphism carried by them has been followed.
Freeform surfaces from single curved panels

Motivated by applications in architecture and manufacturing, we discuss the problem of covering a freeform surface by single curved panels. This leads to the new concept of semi-discrete surface representation, which constitutes a link between smooth and discrete surfaces. The basic entity we are working with is the developable strip model. It is the semi-discrete equivalent of a quad mesh with planar faces, or a conjugate parametrization of a smooth surface. We present a B-spline based optimization framework for efficient computing with D-strip models. In particular we study conical and circular models, which semi-discretize the network of principal curvature lines, and which enjoy elegant geometric properties. Together with geodesic models and cylindrical models they offer a rich source of solutions for surface panelization problems.
Suicidal ideations, plans and attempts in primary care: cross-sectional study of consultants at primary health care system in Morocco

Introduction The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Moroccan consultants in primary health care system. Methods We conducted a cross sectional survey in three health care centers in two cities of Morocco to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan and suicide attempts among 396 consultants in the primary health care system, using the Mini International neuropsychiatric interview. Patients were 18 years and older, without known psychiatric or chronic somatic disease. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS 13.0 software. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5.3%, and 2.7% of the patients planned their suicide and 1.2% tried to commit suicide. The multivariate analysis did not demonstrate significant association. Conclusion Suicidal ideation, plan and suicide attempts are prevalent in primary health care patients, but they are still under diagnosed. An adequate training of physicians and the establishment of education programs is essential to reduce the rate of suicide.
Very steep optical thresholding Characteristic using a DFB laser diode and an SOA in an optical feedback scheme

A new optical decision or thresholding circuit, composed of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode in an optical feedback scheme is proposed. This new circuit has been studied both by simulations and experiments. Simulations show a very steep optical decision characteristic that rises more then 5 dB over an input power range of less then 0.5 dB. It is also demonstrated that the decision point can easily be shifted by tuning the drive currents of both the laser diode or the SOA or the feedback ratio between them. The principle has been experimentally verified as well, using a discrete SOA and DFB laser diode. We showed a good agreement with the simulation results. Again a very steep optical decision characteristic, combined with the possibility to adjust the decision point was obtained.
The effects of different ages and dosages on the plasma disposition and hair concentration profile of ivermectin following pour-on administration in goats.

The effects of different ages and dosages on the plasma disposition and hair concentration profile of ivermectin following pour-on administration in goats. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 70-75. The effects of different ages and dosages on the plasma disposition and hair degradation of ivermectin (IVM) were investigated following pour-on administration in goats. Twenty-eight female Saanen goats allocated into two groups of 14 animals according to their ages as young (5-6 months old) and old (12-24 months old) groups. Each age group was divided into two further of seven goats and administered pour-on formulation of IVM topically at the in recommended dosage rate of 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight The recommended cattle dosages rate of 0.5 mg/kg or at the higher dosage of 1.0 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at various times between 1 h and 40 days. In addition, hair samples (>0.01 g) were collected using tweezers from the application sites and far from application sites of the all animals throughout the blood sampling period. The plasma and hair samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection following solid and liquid phase extractions, respectively. Dose- and age-dependent plasma disposition of IVM were observed in goats after pour-on administration. In addition, relatively high concentration and slow degradation of IVM in hair samples collected from the application site and far from the application site were observed in the present study. The differences between young and old goats are probably related to differences in body condition and/or lengths of haircoat. The systemic availability of IVM following pour-on administration is relatively much lower than after oral and subcutaneous administrations but the plasma persistence was prolonged. Although, the longer persistence of IVM on hairs on the application site may prolong of efficacy against ectoparasites, the poor plasma availability could result in subtherapeutic plasma concentrations, which may confer the risk of resistance development in for internal parasites after pour-on administration in goats.
Mobility Models for UAV Group Reconnaissance Applications

In MANET research the mobility of the nodes is often described using standard synthetic models. Given a particular application, e.g. networks of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing a cooperative task, the use of a standard synthetic mobility model can result in incorrect conclusions, as the movement pattern can impact the networking performance of the system. In this paper we present the criteria that characterize desirable mobility properties for the movement of UAVs in a reconnaissance scenario, and provide two mobility models for the scenario. In the first mobility model the UAVs move independently and randomly, and in the second model pheromones guide their movement. The random model is very simple but it achieves mediocre results. The pheromone model has very good scanning properties, but it has problems with respect to network connectivity. The study shows that there in an inherent conflict between the two goals of maximum coverage by frequent rescanning and adequate communication connectivity.
A Nonclinical Comparison of Transgender Identity and Sexual Orientation

Abstract Multicultural counseling has emerged as the fourth force in American Psychology. To provide a nonclinical, multicultural framework with which to facilitate assessment and treatment of transgender (TG) clients, 73 North American TG respondents were compared to six groups. The comparison groups included 1,083 heterosexual females, 1,077 heterosexual males, 73 psychosocially matched females, 73 psycho-socially matched males, 256 homosexual females, and 356 homosexual males. Comparisons were made on psychosocial characteristics, past and present psychotherapy, past and present medication for a psychiatric condition, and past or present difficulties controlling potentially problematic behaviors. The TG respondents were more similar than different relative to lesbians and more different than similar in comparison to every other group. The similarities between TG respondents and lesbians suggest the dual influences of gender and sexual orientation minority status significantly compound the burden of adaptative functioning.
Global Soil Moisture from Satellite Observations, Land Surface Models, and Ground Data: Implications for Data Assimilation

Abstract Three independent surface soil moisture datasets for the period 1979–87 are compared: 1) global retrievals from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), 2) global soil moisture derived from observed meteorological forcing using the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model, and 3) ground-based measurements in Eurasia and North America from the Global Soil Moisture Data Bank. Time-average soil moisture fields from the satellite and the model largely agree in the global patterns of wet and dry regions. Moreover, the time series and anomaly time series of monthly mean satellite and model soil moisture are well correlated in the transition regions between wet and dry climates where land initialization may be important for seasonal climate prediction. However, the magnitudes of time-average soil moisture and soil moisture variability are markedly different between the datasets in many locations. Absolute soil moisture values from the satellite and the model are very different, and neither agrees.
A Tree Parameterization for Efficiently Computing Maximum Likelihood Maps using Gradient Descent

In 2006, Olson et al. presented a novel approach to address the graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping problem by applying stochastic gradient descent to minimize the error introduced by constraints. Together with multi-level relaxation, this is one of the most robust and efficient maximum likelihood techniques published so far. In this paper, we present an extension of Olson's algorithm. It applies a novel parameterization of the nodes in the graph that significantly improves the performance and enables us to cope with arbitrary network topologies. The latter allows us to bound the complexity of the algorithm to the size of the mapped area and not to the length of the trajectory as it is the case with both previous approaches. We implemented our technique and compared it to multi-level relaxation and Olson's algorithm. As we demonstrate in simulated and in real world experiments, our approach converges faster than the other approaches and yields accurate maps of the environment.
The Status of Learning Disabilities in the States: Consensus or Controversy?

In the field of learning disabilities, there is confusion and disagreement about what constitutes a learning disability. To determine the degree of controversy or consensus at the state level, questionnaires focusing on six LD topics were sent to representatives in each state education agency (SEA) and the District of Columbia. The topics were term(s) used, definition, criteria for identification, the likelihood of change in the definition and/or criteria, prevalence, and services for LD students. In general, more consensus than controversy exists when broad areas are considered. Furthermore, changes in some SEA definitions and/or criteria are probable, and serve as one indicator that stability in the field has not been reached.
Testicular Leydig Cell Tumor with Metachronous Lesions: Outcomes after Metastasis Resection and Cryoablation

Leydig cell tumors represent 3% of testicular masses and usually occur in prepubertal boys and men between 30 and 60 years of age. Leydig cell tumors are benign in children but can be malignant in 10% of adults. This case report describes a 41-year-old patient who was diagnosed with a Leydig cell tumor that originated in his right testicle that subsequently metastasized to his liver, lungs, and retroperitoneum. We discuss the patient's presentation and review the radiographic findings, surgical treatment, surgical pathology, chemotherapeutic treatment, and published literature on this rare pathology.
HERF: A hybrid energy efficient routing using a fuzzy method in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the major research areas in computer network field today. Data dissemination is an important task performed by wireless sensor networks. The routing algorithms of this network depend on a number of factors such as application areas, usage condition, power, aggregation parameters. With respect to these factors, different algorithms are recommended. One of the most important features of routing algorithms is their flexibility and ability to self-organize themselves according to such parameters. The existence of flexibility in routing protocols can satisfy calls for on demand and table driven methods. Switching between these two methods would be impossible except by compatibility between nodes' and switcher. Energy is another significant factor in wireless sensor networks due to limited battery power and their exchangeability. To arrive at a network with mentioned features, we have proposed an algorithm for hybrid energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks which uses two algorithms, i.e. EF-Tree (Earliest-First Tree) and SID (Source-Initiated Dissemination) to disseminate data, and employs a fuzzy method to choose cluster head, and to switch between two methods, i.e. SID and EF-Tree. In this routing, the whole network is clustered and the appropriate cluster-head is selected according to fuzzy variables. Then, analyzing the changes in fuzzy variables and If fuzzy, then rule, one routing in EF-Tree or SID is chosen for information transmission. The results of simulations indicate that HERF has improved energy efficiency.
A performance lower bound for quadratic timing recovery accounting for the symbol transition density

The symbol transition density in a digitally modulated signal affects the performance of practical synchronization schemes designed for timing recovery. This paper focuses on the derivation of simple performance limits for the estimation of the time delay of a noisy linearly modulated signal in the presence of various degrees of symbol correlation produced by the various transition densities in the symbol streams. The paper develops high- and low-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximations of the so-called (Gaussian) unconditional Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound (UCRB), as well as general expressions that are applicable in all ranges of SNR. The derived bounds are valid only for the class of quadratic, non-data-aided (NDA) timing recovery schemes. To illustrate the validity of the derived bounds, they are compared with the actual performance achieved by some well-known quadratic NDA timing recovery schemes. The impact of the symbol transition density on the classical threshold effect present in NDA timing recovery schemes is also analyzed. Previous work on performance bounds for timing recovery from various authors is generalized and unified in this contribution.
Cognitive and Linguistic Profiles of Specific Language Impairment and Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder in Bilinguals

This study explored the notion that the extent to which language-impaired children can become bilingual depends on the type of language impairment. Single-case studies were conducted on two 7-year-old bilingual children, who had both been exposed to English and Afrikaans consistently and regularly from an early age. The subjects presented with specific language impairment (SLI) and semantic-pragmatic disorder (SPD), respectively. They were assessed on a battery of cognitive and linguistic tests in both their languages. Results indicate that the SLI subject, who presented with a deficit in successive processing on the Cognitive Assessment System, had difficulty in acquiring the surface features of both languages. She developed much better proficiency in English than in Afrikaans, despite substantial exposure to the latter. The SPD subject, whose cognitive profile was characterised by planning and attention deficits, but a strength in successive processing, presented with equal proficiency in both languages. The theoretical and clinical implications of this research are discussed.
Neuronal and Glial Membrane Potentials during Sleep and Paroxysmal Oscillations in the Neocortex

This study investigated the fluctuations in the membrane potential of cortical neurons and glial cells during the slow sleep oscillation and spike-wave (SW) seizures. We performed dual neuron–glia intracellular recordings together with multisite field potential recordings from cortical suprasylvian association areas 5 and 7 of cats under ketamine–xylazine anesthesia. Electrical stimuli applied to the cortex elicited responses consisting of a biphasic depolarization in glial cells, which was associated with an EPSP–IPSP sequence in neurons. During the slow (<1 Hz) oscillation, extracellular measurements of the potassium concentration revealed periodic increases with an amplitude of 1–2 mm, similar in shape to glial activities. We suggest that, through their uptake mechanisms, glia cells modulate the neuronal excitability and contribute to the pacing of the slow oscillation. The slow oscillation often evolved into SW paroxysms, mimicking sleep-triggered seizures. This transition was associated with increased coupling between the depolarizing events in neurons and glial cells. During seizures, the glial membrane potential displayed phasic negative events related to the onset of the paroxysmal depolarizing shifts in neurons. These events were not voltage dependent and increased their incidence and amplitude with the development of the seizure. It is suggested that the intraglial transient negativities represent field reflections of synchronized neuronal potentials. We propose that the mechanisms underlying the neuron–glia communication include, besides the traditional neurotransmitter- and ion-mediated pathways, field effects crossing their membranes as a function of the state of the cortical network.