Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review what we know – and don't know – about Generation Y's use of social media and to assess the implications for individuals, firms and society.Design/methodology/approach – The paper distinguishes Generation Y from other cohorts in terms of systematic differences in values, preferences and behavior that are stable over time (as opposed to maturational or other differences). It describes their social media use and highlights evidence of intra‐generational variance arising from environmental factors (including economic, cultural, technological and political/legal factors) and individual factors. Individual factors include stable factors (including socio‐economic status, age and lifecycle stage) and dynamic, endogenous factors (including goals, emotions, and social norms). The paper discusses how Generation Y's use of social media influences individuals, firms and society. It develops managerial implications and a research agenda.Findings – Prior research on the so.
In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12 a Multi-class Linear Learning Algorithm Related to Winnow

In this paper, we present Committee, a new multi-class learning algorithm related to the Winnow family of algorithms. Committee is an algorithm for combining the predictions of a set of sub-experts in the on-line mistake-bounded model of learning. A sub-expert is a special type of attribute that predicts with a distribution over a finite number of classes. Committee learns a linear function of sub-experts and uses this function to make class predictions. We provide bounds for Committee that show it performs well when the target can be represented by a few relevant sub-experts. We also show how Committee can be used to solve more traditional problems composed of attributes. This leads to a natural extension that learns on multi-class problems that contain both traditional attributes and sub-experts.
Dysregulated left inferior parietal activity in schizophrenia and depression: functional connectivity and characterization

The inferior parietal cortex (IPC) is a heterogeneous region that is known to be involved in a multitude of diverse different tasks and processes, though its contribution to these often-complex functions is yet poorly understood. In a previous study we demonstrated that patients with depression failed to deactivate the left IPC during processing of congruent audiovisual information. We now found the same dysregulation (same region and condition) in schizophrenia. By using task-independent (resting state) and task-dependent meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses we aimed at characterizing this particular region with regard to its connectivity and function. Across both approaches, results revealed functional connectivity of the left inferior parietal seed region with bilateral IPC, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PrC/PCC), medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), left middle frontal (MFG) as well as inferior frontal (IFG) gyrus. Network-level functional characterization further revealed that on the one hand, all interconnected regions are part of a network involved in memory processes. On the other hand, sub-networks are formed when emotion, language, social cognition and reasoning processes are required. Thus, the IPC-region that is dysregulated in both depression and schizophrenia is functionally connected to a network of regions which, depending on task demands may form sub-networks. These results therefore indicate that dysregulation of left IPC in depression and schizophrenia might not only be connected to deficits in audiovisual integration, but is possibly also associated to impaired memory and deficits in emotion processing in these patient groups.
[Expression of MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC6 and epidermal growth factor receptor in gallbladder epithelium according to gallstone composition].

BACKGROUND/AIMS Gallbladder (GB) mucin is one of the key factors in the gallstone formation. However, there is little information about the diversity of mucin secretion according to the stone composition. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) functions in proliferation including mucin secreting goblet cell hyperplasia. We compared the expressions of MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC6 and EGFR in the GB epithelium with cholesterol gallstones (GB-chol) group and pigment gallstones (GB-pig group). METHODS GBs from elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the gallstone disease were studied. Stone composition was analyzed by the spectrophotometer. Immunohistochemical stain was performed using each monoclonal antibody. The percentage of stained proportion was scored by the NIH image program and the results were compared between both groups. RESULTS Total 20 patients were enrolled (10 patients with cholesterol gallstones, 10 patients with pigment gallstones). The percentages of stained proportion for MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 were 42 +/- 27%, 31 +/- 15%, and 17 +/- 9%, respectively in GB-chol group and 32 +/- 22%, 33 +/- 23%, and 15 +/- 10%, respectively in GB-pig group (p>0.05). The expression of EGFR was 50% (5/10) in the GB-chol group and 80% (8/10) in the GB-pig group respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the expressions of MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 between the two groups. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of EGFR in the gallstone formation.
Viability and functional integrity of washed platelets

The viability and functional integrity of saline‐ and ACD‐saline‐washed platelets were compared with those of unwashed platelets. After template bleeding time (TBT) was measured, 15 healthy volunteers underwent plateletpheresis and ingested 600 mg of aspirin. Autologous 111In‐labeled platelets were transfused: unwashed (n = 5), washed with 0.9 percent saline solution (SS) (n = 5), and washed with a buffered 12.6 percent solution of ACD‐A in 0.9 percent saline solution (n = 5). After transfusion, we measured TBT at 1, 4, and 24 hours; platelet survival at 10 minutes and 1, 4, and 24 hours and daily for 6 days; and the percentage of uptake in liver and spleen by quantitative whole‐body radionuclide scintigraphy at 24 and 190 hours. We found that saline washing affected platelet recovery, 23.47 ± 12 percent (p<0.001) as compared to 52.43 ± 17 percent (p<0.002) for ACD‐saline and 73.17 ± 8 percent for control; that saline washing resulted in a greater liver uptake than control and ACD‐saline‐washed platelets (31.9 ± 8% [p<0.001] vs 17.7 ± 4.1 and 19.3 ± 2.1% [p>0.1], respectively); that, unlike control and ACD‐saline‐washed platelets, saline‐washed platelets did not shorten bleeding time; and that neither type of washing affected survival. Although ACD‐saline washing affects recovery, it also results in intact function, normal survival, higher recovery than SS platelets, and no significant liver uptake.
Socio-demographic, ecological factors and dengue infection trends in Australia

Dengue has been a major public health concern in Australia. This study has explored the spatio-temporal trends of dengue and potential socio- demographic and ecological determinants in Australia. Data on dengue cases, socio-demographic, climatic and land use types for the period January 1999 to December 2010 were collected from Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, respectively. Descriptive and linear regression analyses were performed to observe the spatio-temporal trends of dengue, socio-demographic and ecological factors in Australia. A total of 5,853 dengue cases (both local and overseas acquired) were recorded across Australia between January 1999 and December 2010. Most the cases (53.0%) were reported from Queensland, followed by New South Wales (16.5%). Dengue outbreak was highest (54.2%) during 2008–2010. A highest percentage of overseas arrivals (29.9%), households having rainwater tanks (33.9%), Indigenous population (27.2%), separate houses (26.5%), terrace house types (26.9%) and economically advantage people (42.8%) were also observed during 2008–2010. Regression analyses demonstrate that there was an increasing trend of dengue incidence, potential socio-ecological factors such as overseas arrivals, number of households having rainwater tanks, housing types and land use types (e.g. intensive uses and production from dryland agriculture). Spatial variation of socio-demographic factors was also observed in this study. In near future, significant increase of temperature was also projected across Australia. The projected increased temperature as well as increased socio-ecological trend may pose a future threat to the local transmission of dengue in other parts of Australia if Aedes mosquitoes are being established. Therefore, upgraded mosquito and disease surveillance at different ports should be in place to reduce the chance of mosquitoes and dengue cases being imported into all over Australia.
Preliminary study of the digestive effects of Chenopodiumambrosioides Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) leaves extracts in goats

The effects of the crude aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves on food intake and digestibility were evaluated with twelve Sahelian goats weighing about 25 kg. Three experimental groups, each consisting of three animals, were treated respectively with the dose of 1ml, 2ml and 4ml/kg of body weight. Treatment was daily and lasted three days. One control group, receiving the same diet as the experimental groups, was involved. The experiment revealed that the herbal extract induced a highly significant variation (p <0.01) in voluntary feed intake expressed in grams of dry matter (DM) from 366.67 g ± 86 (control group) to 631.67 g ± 106.37 (4ml/kg/BW treated group). Concerning digestibility, the results indicated an increase in the absorption of ash and fibre (39.65 % ± 2.65 to 51.38 % ± 4.91). But the digestibility of protein was only slightly influenced by the herbal extract. Animals treated with 4ml/kg/BW dosage had soft and pasty faeces. The aqueous extract of C. ambrosioides leaves would own interesting digestive effects in small ruminants in the fattening stage or those suffering from indigestion due to rumen stuffing. Further specialized studies may clarify those effects.
A Case Study on Appearance Based Feature Extraction Techniques and Their Susceptibility to Image Degradations for the Task of Face Recognition

Over the past decades, automatic face recognition has become a highly active research area, mainly due to the countless application possibilities in both the private as well as the public sector. Numerous algorithms have been proposed in the literature to cope with the problem of face recognition, nevertheless, a group of methods commonly referred to as appearance based have emerged as the dominant solution to the face recognition problem. Many comparative studies concerned with the performance of appearance based methods have already been presented in the literature, not rarely with inconclusive and often with contradictory results. No consent has been reached within the scientific community regarding the relative ranking of the efficiency of appearance based methods for the face recognition task, let alone regarding their susceptibility to appearance changes induced by various environmental factors. To tackle these open issues, this paper assess the performance of the three dominant appearance based methods: principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis and independent component analysis, and compares them on equal footing (i.e., with the same preprocessing procedure, with optimized parameters for the best possible performance, etc.) in face verification experiments on the publicly available XM2VTS database. In addition to the comparative analysis on the XM2VTS database, ten degraded versions of the database are also employed in the experiments to evaluate the susceptibility of the appearance based methods on various image degradations which can occur in ”real-life” operating conditions. Our experimental results suggest that linear discriminant analysis ensures the most consistent verification rates across the tested databases. Keywords—Biometrics, face recognition, appearance based methods, image degradations, the XM2VTS database.
Temporal Brain Dynamics of Multiple Object Processing: The Flexibility of Individuation

The ability to process concurrently multiple visual objects is fundamental for a coherent perception of the world. A core component of this ability is the simultaneous individuation of multiple objects. Many studies have addressed the mechanism of object individuation but it remains unknown whether the visual system mandatorily individuates all relevant elements in the visual field, or whether object indexing depends on task demands. We used a neural measure of visual selection, the N2pc component, to evaluate the flexibility of multiple object individuation. In three ERP experiments, participants saw a variable number of target elements among homogenous distracters and performed either an enumeration task (Experiment 1) or a detection task, reporting whether at least one (Experiment 2) or a specified number of target elements (Experiment 3) was present. While in the enumeration task the N2pc response increased as a function of the number of targets, no such modulation was found in Experiment 2, indicating that individuation of multiple targets is not mandatory. However, a modulation of the N2pc similar to the enumeration task was visible in Experiment 3, further highlighting that object individuation is a flexible mechanism that binds indexes to object properties and locations as needed for further object processing.
Online Bayesian Moment Matching for Topic Modeling with Unknown Number of Topics

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a very popular model for topic modeling as well as many other problems with latent groups. It is both simple and effective. When the number of topics (or latent groups) is unknown, the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) provides an elegant non-parametric extension; however, it is a complex model and it is difficult to incorporate prior knowledge since the distribution over topics is implicit. We propose two new models that extend LDA in a simple and intuitive fashion by directly expressing a distribution over the number of topics. We also propose a new online Bayesian moment matching technique to learn the parameters and the number of topics of those models based on streaming data. The approach achieves higher log-likelihood than batch and online HDP with fixed hyperparameters on several corpora.
Factors affecting health seeking behavior for common childhood illnesses in Yemen

Introduction Appropriate medical care seeking could prevent a significant number of child deaths and complications due to ill health. This study aims to determine factors affecting health seeking behavior (HSB) for childhood illnesses, thereby improving child survival. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out from January 11 to April 2, 2012. A total of 212 caretakers of children under the age of 5 years participated. Caretakers who visited the vaccination unit in the Shehair Health Center during the study period and had a child with a history of diarrhea, fever, cough, and/or difficulty of breathing during the last 14 days were included. The data were collected by interviewing caretakers and the answers were reported in pretested structured questionnaires. Results Medical care was sought for about half of the sick children (n=109, 51.42%). Seeking medical care was frequently initiated for illnesses that did not improve or worsened. The major reasons for not seeking medical care were “illness was mild” (n=40, 38.83%) and “illness is not for medical treatment” (n=32, 31.07%). The caretakers sought medical care significantly more when they had a higher level of school education (POR [prevalence odds ratio] 5.85, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 2.34–14.61), when the illness was perceived as severe (POR 5.39, 95% CI: 2.81–10.33), and when the child had difficulty of breathing (POR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.10–7.80). Conclusion For the preventable childhood illnesses with existing interventions, appropriate HSB prevalence is low. Symptom type, caretakers’ education, and perception of illness severity are the predictors of HSB. Educational improvement of the mothers, introduction of community based integrated management of childhood illness, and in-depth research are imperative to improve mothers’ HSB.
Peri‐implant bone strains and micro‐motion following in vivo service: A postmortem retrieval study of 22 tibial components from total knee replacements

Biological adaptation following placement of a total knee replacements (TKRs) affects peri‐implant bone mineral density (BMD) and implant fixation. We quantified the proximal tibial bone strain and implant‐bone micro‐motion for functioning postmortem retrieved TKRs and assessed the strain/micro‐motion relationships with chronological (donor age and time in service) and patient (body weight and BMD) factors. Twenty‐two tibial constructs were functionally loaded to one body weight (60% medial/40% lateral), and the bone strains and tray/bone micro‐motions were measured using a digital image correlation system. Donors with more time in service had higher bone strains (p = 0.044), but there was not a significant (p = 0.333) contribution from donor age. Donors with lower peri‐implant BMD (p = 0.0039) and higher body weight (p = 0.0286) had higher bone strains. Long term implants (>11 years) had proximal bone strains 900 µϵ that were almost twice as high as short term (<5 years) implants 570 µϵ. Micro‐motion was greater for younger donors (p = 0.0161) and longer time in service (p = 0.0008). Increased bone strain with long term in vivo service could contribute to loosening of TKRs by failure of the tibial peri‐implant bone. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:355–361, 2014.
Constraints on the Extragalactic Infrared Background from Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 501

We use the new results of the HEGRA detector on the TeV γ-ray emission from Mrk 501 to set upper limits on the energy density of the cosmic infrared background (CIRB). Contrary to previous interpretations of the γ-ray spectrum of Mrk 421 as showing an intergalactic absorption cutoff at 5 TeV, the observed spectrum of Mrk 501 extends beyond 10 TeV and appears to be unattenuated by γ-γ collisions with the low-energy CIRB photons. The upper limits on the CIRB intensity—derived both assuming an a priori shape for the CIRB spectrum and without model-dependent assumptions—are thus quite strong and almost come into conflict with the observational evaluations based on deep surveys of extragalactic sources in the near- and mid-infrared. If spectra at TeV energies for extragalactic γ-ray sources like this for Mrk 501 are confirmed with improved statistics, we may be forced to conclude that the process of γ-γ interaction in the intergalactic space is more complex than expected and that the average intergalactic magnetic field is extremely weak (B<10−11 G).
HOT-lines: tracking lines in higher order tensor fields

Tensors occur in many areas of science and engineering. Especially, they are used to describe charge, mass and energy transport (i.e. electrical conductivity tensor, diffusion tensor, thermal conduction tensor resp.) If the locale transport pattern is complicated, usual second order tensor representation is not sufficient. So far, there are no appropriate visualization methods for this case. We point out similarities of symmetric higher order tensors and spherical harmonics. A spherical harmonic representation is used to improve tensor glyphs. This paper unites the definition of streamlines and tensor lines and generalizes tensor lines to those applications where second order tensors representations fail. The algorithm is tested on the tractography problem in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) and improved for this special application.
Part-Based 3D Descriptions of Complex Objects from a Single Image

Volumetric, 3D, part-based descriptions of complex objects in a scene can be highly beneficial for many tasks such as generic object recognition, navigation, and manipulation. However, it has been difficult to derive such descriptions from image data. There has been some progress in getting such descriptions from range data or from perfect contours, but analysis of a real intensity image presents many difficulties. The object and part boundaries do not completely correspond to image boundaries. The detected boundaries are often fragmented and many boundaries due to surface markings, shadows, and noise are present. In addition, inference of 3D from a 2D image is difficult. The paper describes a method to compute the desired descriptions from a single image by exploiting projective properties of a class of generalized cylinders and of possible joints between them. Experimental results on some examples are given.
Morphological and enzymatic correlates of aerobic and burst performance in different populations of Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata

SUMMARY We examined the mechanistic basis for two whole-animal performance traits, aerobic capacity and burst speed, in six laboratory-reared Trinidadian guppy populations from different native drainages with contrasting levels of predation. Using within- and between-population variation, we tested whether variation in organs and organ systems (heart, gill and swimming motor mass) and the activities of several enzymes that support locomotion (citrate synthetase, lactate dehydrogenase and myofibrillar ATPase) are correlated with aerobic performance (maximum rates of oxygen consumption, V̇O2max) or burst performance (maximum swim speed during escape responses). We also tested for associations between physiological traits and habitat type (different drainages and predation levels). Organ size and enzyme activities showed substantial size-independent variation, and both performance measures were strongly correlated to body size. After accounting for size effects, neither burst nor aerobic performance was strongly correlated to any organ size or enzymatic variable, or to each other. Two principal components (PCI, PC2) in both males and females accounted for most of the variance in the organ size and enzymatic variables. In both sexes, heart and gill mass tended to covary and were negatively associated with citrate synthetase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. In males (but not females), variation in aerobic performance was weakly but significantly correlated to variation in PC1, suggesting that heart and gill mass scale positively with V̇O2max. Neither of the component variables and no single morphological or enzymatic trait was correlated to burst speed in either sex. Evolutionary changes in important life history traits occur rapidly in guppy populations subjected to different predation intensities (high mortality in downstream sites inhabited by large predatory fish; low mortality in upstream sites lacking large predators). We found significant differences between stream drainages in all morphological variables and most enzymatic variables, but only the mass of the swimming motor and LDH activity were significantly affected by predation regime. Overall, our data show that microevolution has occurred in the physiological foundations of locomotor performance in guppies, but evolutionary changes in physiology do not closely correspond to the predation-induced changes in life history parameters.