Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Role Recognition in Multiparty Conversations: An Approach Based on Turn Organization, Prosody, and Conditional Random Fields

Roles are a key aspect of social interactions, as they contribute to the overall predictability of social behavior (a necessary requirement to deal effectively with the people around us), and they result in stable, possibly machine-detectable behavioral patterns (a key condition for the application of machine intelligence technologies). This paper proposes an approach for the automatic recognition of roles in conversational broadcast data, in particular, news and talk shows. The approach makes use of behavioral evidence extracted from speaker turns and applies conditional random fields to infer the roles played by different individuals. The experiments are performed over a large amount of broadcast material (around 50 h), and the results show an accuracy higher than 85%.
Interaction of β-Sheet Folds with a Gold Surface

The adsorption of proteins on inorganic surfaces is of fundamental biological importance. Further, biomedical and nanotechnological applications increasingly use interfaces between inorganic material and polypeptides. Yet, the underlying adsorption mechanism of polypeptides on surfaces is not well understood and experimentally difficult to analyze. Therefore, we investigate here the interactions of polypeptides with a gold(111) surface using computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a polarizable gold model in explicit water. Our focus in this paper is the investigation of the interaction of polypeptides with β-sheet folds. First, we concentrate on a β-sheet forming model peptide. Second, we investigate the interactions of two domains with high β-sheet content of the biologically important extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN). We find that adsorption occurs in a stepwise mechanism both for the model peptide and the protein. The positively charged amino acid Arg facilitates the initial contact formation between protein and gold surface. Our results suggest that an effective gold-binding surface patch is overall uncharged, but contains Arg for contact initiation. The polypeptides do not unfold on the gold surface within the simulation time. However, for the two FN domains, the relative domain-domain orientation changes. The observation of a very fast and strong adsorption indicates that in a biological matrix, no bare gold surfaces will be present. Hence, the bioactivity of gold surfaces (like bare gold nanoparticles) will critically depend on the history of particle administration and the proteins present during initial contact between gold and biological material. Further, gold particles may act as seeds for protein aggregation. Structural re-organization and protein aggregation are potentially of immunological importance.
Plaid models for gene expression data

Motivated by genetic expression data, we introduce plaid models. These are a form of two-sided cluster analysis that allows clusters to overlap. Plaid models also incorporate additive two way ANOVA models within the two-sided clusters. Using these models we find interpretable structure in some yeast expression data, as well as in some nutrition data and some foreign exchange data.
An Unexpectedly High AGN Fraction in Red Cluster Galaxies

As part of a program to study the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in clusters of galaxies, we present our results for Abell 2104. A deep Chandra observation of this massive, z = 0.154 cluster reveals a significant X-ray point source excess over the expectations of blank fields, including eight X-ray counterparts with R<20 mag. Our spectroscopy shows that all six X-ray sources associated with red counterparts are cluster members and their X-ray properties are consistent with all of them being AGN. Only one of the six has the emission lines characteristic of optically selected AGN; the remaining five would not have been classified as AGN based on their optical spectra. This suggests the existence of a large population of obscured, or at least optically unremarkable, AGN in clusters of galaxies. These six sources correspond to a lower limit of ~5% of the AGN fraction in cluster galaxies with R<20 mag (rest-frame M_V = -19.5 mag) and is comparable to the blue galaxy fraction in the cluster. Such an obscured AGN population in clusters of galaxies has many implications for cluster galaxy evolution, the hidden growth of their central, supermassive black holes, estimates of the star formation rate at infrared and radio wavelengths, and the observed variance in the hard X-ray background.
Evaluation of an Exercise Field Test Using Heart Rate Monitors to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Heart Rate Recovery in an Asymptomatic Population

Purpose Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and heart rate recovery (HRR) can improve risk stratification for cardiovascular disease, but these measurements are rarely made in asymptomatic individuals due to cost. An exercise field test (EFT) to assess CRF and HRR would be an inexpensive method for cardiovascular disease risk assessment in large populations. This study assessed 1) the predictive accuracy of a 12-minute run/walk EFT for estimating CRF () and 2) the accuracy of HRR measured after an EFT using a heart rate monitor (HRM) in an asymptomatic population. Methods Fifty subjects (48% women) ages 18–45 years completed a symptom-limited exercise tolerance test (ETT) (Bruce protocol) and an EFT on separate days. During the ETT, was measured by a metabolic cart, and heart rate was measured continuously by a HRM and a metabolic cart. Results EFT distance and sex independently predicted. The average absolute difference between observed and predicted was 0.26±3.27 ml·kg−1·min−1 for our model compared to 7.55±3.64 ml·kg−1·min−1 for the Cooper model. HRM HRR data were equivalent to respective metabolic cart values during the ETT. HRR at 1 minute post-exercise during ETT compared to the EFT had a moderate correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion A more accurate model to estimate CRF from a 12-minute run/walk EFT was developed, and HRR can be measured using a HRM in an asymptomatic population outside of clinical settings.
The parental career-related Behaviors (PCB) questionnaire: Italian validation

Although it has been acknowledged that parental support has an influence on adolescents’ career decision-making difficulties, there is no available validated scale in Italian that assesses this support. For this reason, the goal of the present study was to validate an Italian version of the parental career-related behaviors questionnaire (PCB) in a sample of 481 adolescents. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-dimensional structure of the PCB. The internal consistencies were high for all subscales. Evidence of measurement invariance across boys and girls was observed. Finally, the PCB dimensions were meaningfully related to career exploration activities and career indecision. The strongest associations were found between parental support and adolescents’ career exploration activities and between both parents’ interference and their lack of engagement behaviors and career indecision in adolescents. These findings suggest that the Italian version of the PCB is a valid tool for assessing parental career-related behaviors and could be of interest for career counselors working with adolescents.
Influence or Convenience? Disentangling Peer Influence and Co-offending for Chronic offenders

Both developmental and propensity theories root the etiology of chronic offending in factors other than peer influence. This does not mean that peers have no role in the expression of chronic offending, however. For instance, scholars have noted that offending with accomplices (i.e., co-offending) can reflect processes other than normative influence, such as selection and cooperation. Drawing from these notions, this investigation hypothesizes that chronic offenders will be less likely to cite peer influence as a reason for their deviance when compared to other offenders, whereas they will be equally likely to engage in group offending. The analysis uses information from the Racine cohort data and the results support the hypothesis. The discussion considers the implications of these findings for theory and research, as well as provides directions for future work.
Selection of Inhibitor-Resistant Viral Potassium Channels Identifies a Selectivity Filter Site that Affects Barium and Amantadine Block

Background Understanding the interactions between ion channels and blockers remains an important goal that has implications for delineating the basic mechanisms of ion channel function and for the discovery and development of ion channel directed drugs. Methodology/Principal Findings We used genetic selection methods to probe the interaction of two ion channel blockers, barium and amantadine, with the miniature viral potassium channel Kcv. Selection for Kcv mutants that were resistant to either blocker identified a mutant bearing multiple changes that was resistant to both. Implementation of a PCR shuffling and backcrossing procedure uncovered that the blocker resistance could be attributed to a single change, T63S, at a position that is likely to form the binding site for the inner ion in the selectivity filter (site 4). A combination of electrophysiological and biochemical assays revealed a distinct difference in the ability of the mutant channel to interact with the blockers. Studies of the analogous mutation in the mammalian inward rectifier Kir2.1 show that the T→S mutation affects barium block as well as the stability of the conductive state. Comparison of the effects of similar barium resistant mutations in Kcv and Kir2.1 shows that neighboring amino acids in the Kcv selectivity filter affect blocker binding. Conclusions/Significance The data support the idea that permeant ions have an integral role in stabilizing potassium channel structure, suggest that both barium and amantadine act at a similar site, and demonstrate how genetic selections can be used to map blocker binding sites and reveal mechanistic features.
Chroma-Keying Based on Global Weighted Sampling and Laplacian Propagation

Chroma-keying is an important technique for image/video background replacement, which is heavily used in film production, video game industry and news casting. In chroma-keying system, the foreground objects are shot in front of solid color background. In conventional chroma-keying systems, difference and clustering based algorithms are mainly used to separate foreground from background. However, regions cannot be reliably segmented if transparency or blurring exists, and if foreground and background region are not completely separable in color space. This paper proposes a new method to automatically remove the background color and to accurately extract the foreground objects along with their transparency properties, especially for tiny objects and large transparent area. First, a threshold based method in both HSV color space and spatial gradient space is used to roughly segment the foreground/background regions. The background color is then propagated from known background region to unknown region. Finally, the foreground color and the transparency factor are estimated based on weighted global sampling. The experimental results show that the foreground objects can be accurately extracted even if large transparent regions exist.
Pax6, Tbr2, and Tbr1 Are Expressed Sequentially by Radial Glia, Intermediate Progenitor Cells, and Postmitotic Neurons in Developing Neocortex

The developing neocortex contains two types of progenitor cells for glutamatergic, pyramidal-projection neurons. The first type, radial glia, produce neurons and glia, divide at the ventricular surface, and express Pax6, a homeodomain transcription factor. The second type, intermediate progenitor cells, are derived from radial glia, produce only neurons, and divide away from the ventricular surface. Here we show that the transition from radial glia to intermediate progenitor cell is associated with upregulation of Tbr2, a T-domain transcription factor, and downregulation of Pax6. Accordingly, Tbr2 expression in progenitor compartments (the subventricular zone and ventricular zone) rises and falls with cortical plate neurogenesis. The subsequent transition from intermediate progenitor cell to postmitotic neuron is marked by downregulation of Tbr2 and upregulation of Tbr1, another T-domain transcription factor. These findings delineate the transcription factor sequence Pax6 → Tbr2 → Tbr1 in the differentiation of radial glia → intermediate progenitor cell → postmitotic projection neuron. This transcription factor sequence is modified in preplate neurons, in which Tbr2 is transiently coexpressed with Tbr1, and in the direct differentiation pathway from radial glia → postmitotic projection neuron, in which Tbr2 is expressed briefly or not at all.
Histology and Ultrastructure of Transitional Changes in Skin Morphology in the Juvenile and Adult Four-Striped Mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio)

The four-striped mouse has a grey to brown coloured coat with four characteristic dark stripes interspersed with three lighter stripes running along its back. The histological differences in the skin of the juvenile and adult mouse were investigated by Haematoxylin and Eosin and Masson Trichrome staining, while melanocytes in the skin were studied through melanin-specific Ferro-ferricyanide staining. The ultrastructure of the juvenile skin, hair follicles, and melanocytes was also explored. In both the juvenile and adult four-striped mouse, pigment-containing cells were observed in the dermis and were homogeneously dispersed throughout this layer. Apart from these cells, the histology of the skin of the adult four-striped mouse was similar to normal mammalian skin. In the juvenile four-striped mouse, abundant hair follicles of varying sizes were observed in the dermis and hypodermis, while hair follicles of similar size were only present in the dermis of adult four-striped mouse. Ultrastructural analysis of juvenile hair follicles revealed that the arrangement and differentiation of cellular layers were typical of a mammal. This study therefore provides unique transition pattern in the four-striped mouse skin morphology different from the textbook description of the normal mammalian skin.
Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites

Proton NMR chemical shift and J‐coupling values are presented for 35 metabolites that can be detected by in vivo or in vitro NMR studies of mammalian brain. Measurements were obtained using high‐field NMR spectra of metabolites in solution, under conditions typical for normal physiological temperature and pH. This information is presented with an accuracy that is suitable for computer simulation of metabolite spectra to be used as basis functions of a parametric spectral analysis procedure. This procedure is verified by the analysis of a rat brain extract spectrum, using the measured spectral parameters. In addition, the metabolite structures and example spectra are presented, and clinical applications and MR spectroscopic measurements of these metabolites are reviewed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1 Stereo-PIV Measurements of Vapor-Induced Flow Modifications in Confined Jet Impingement Boiling 1

A single subcooled jet of water which undergoes boiling upon impingement on a discrete heat source is studied experimentally using time-resolved stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV). The impinging jet issues from a 3.75 mm diameter sharp-edged orifice in a confining orifice plate positioned 4 orifice diameters from the target surface. The behavior at jet Reynolds numbers of 5,000 and 15,000 is compared for a constant jet inlet subcooling of 10 °C. Fluorescent illumination allows for simultaneous imaging of both the flow tracers and the vapor bubbles in the flow. Flow structure, time-averaged velocities, and turbulence statistics are reported for the liquid regions within the confinement gap for a range of heat inputs at both Reynolds numbers, and the effect of the vapor generation on the flow is discussed. Vapor generation from boiling is found to modify the liquid velocities and turbulence fluctuations in the confinement gap to a significant extent. Flow in the confinement gap is dominated by vapor flow, and the vapor bubbles disrupt both the vertical impinging jet and horizontal wall jet flow. Moreover, vapor bubbles are a significant source of turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation, with the bubbly regions above the heated surface experiencing the most intense turbulence modification. Spectral analysis indicates that a Strouhal number of 0.023 is characteristic of the interaction between bubbles and turbulent liquid jets. 1 Submitted for consideration in International Journal of Multiphase Flow, December 2015 2 Corresponding author, Tel: +1 765 494 5621. E-mail address: sureshg@purdue.edu
Changing bacteriology of adult community-acquired lung abscess in Taiwan: Klebsiella pneumoniae versus anaerobes.

BACKGROUND Most literature regarding lung abscess focuses on anaerobic bacterial lung abscess, and aerobic gram-negative bacillary infection is less frequently discussed. This study was conducted to investigate the bacteriology of community-acquired lung abscess and to improve the empirical therapeutic strategy for adults with community-acquired lung abscess. METHODS We reviewed and analyzed data on 90 consecutive adult cases of bacteriologically confirmed community-acquired lung abscess treated during 1995-2003 at a tertiary university hospital in Taiwan. RESULTS We found that a high proportion (21%) of cases of lung abscess were due to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, which differs from the findings of previous studies. Lung abscess due to K. pneumoniae was associated with underlying diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-18.4; P = .039) and negatively correlated with a time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of >30 days (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7; P = .008). A higher percentage of patients with K. pneumoniae lung abscess had concomitant bacteremia (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 1.1-81.9; P = .032), delayed defervesence (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.8-47.8; P = .004), and multiple cavities noted on radiographs (OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 1.3-94.9; P = .015), compared with patients with anaerobic bacterial lung abscess. The rate of nonsusceptibility to clindamycin and penicillin among anaerobes and Streptococcus milleri group isolates increased. CONCLUSION K. pneumoniae has become a more common cause of lung abscess than before, and a high proportion of anaerobes and S. milleri strains have become resistant to penicillin and clindamycin. A beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor or second- or third-generation cephalosporin with clindamycin or metronidazole is suggested as empirical antibiotic therapy for community-acquired lung abscess.
How Investors Became Consumers

Advertising for investment products has changed over the past 50 years. Ads initially targeted investors as defined in standard finance: that is, as fact-seeking utility maximizers. Ad portrayals gradually changed to target consumers, defined as people pursuing diverse life projects. Verbal and factual appeals were supplanted by rhetorical, figurative, pictorial, and narrative appeals. Standard finance views such advertising as problematic, because it may be deceitful and misleading. Perspectives drawn from strategic marketing, in conjunction with behavioral finance, and also Consumer Culture Theory, help to explain why mutual fund ads violate expectations from finance. A macromarketing perspective goes further, explaining investment advertising as a historically situated human action subject to social forces. Finally, a societal marketing perspective uncovers moralistic underpinnings in the critique of mutual fund ads.
Dynamic Leadership Succession: Strengthening Urban Principal Succession Planning

The Dynamic Leadership Succession model is used to analyze a leadership succession case in an urban school district. The qualitative findings show that the district did not forecast school leadership needs well; however, the principal sought to develop and mentor teacher leaders as her assistant principals. Second, sustaining efforts within the district were, at times, haphazard, as demonstrated by the two study participants as they were inducted into their respective roles of principal and assistant principal. Finally, the district failed to deliberately plan for leadership transitions.
Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age comparing hybrid and Norwood procedures.

OBJECTIVES Neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are at risk of high mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity. As an alternative to Norwood-type stage I palliation, the hybrid procedure has been developed. It consists of bilateral pulmonary artery banding, catheter-based stenting of the arterial duct and balloon atrioseptostomy and delays open-heart surgery. Thus, it may be associated with a better outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with HLHS and other univentricular heart (UVH) defects treated with hybrid or Norwood procedures. METHODS Thirty-one children (18 males) with HLHS and other UVH defects undergoing Norwood or hybrid procedure between 2004 and 2008 were consecutively enrolled. Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age were determined. RESULTS One-year mortality was 36% (31% in the hybrid vs. 39% in the Norwood group, P=0.71). Predictors of mortality were lower birth weight (P=0.02), older age at first procedure (P=0.02) and smaller size of ascending aorta (P=0.05). Overall, median psychomotor development index (PDI) and mental development index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were lower than the norm of 100 [PDI 57 (49-99), P<0.001; MDI 91 (65-109), P=0.002]. No effect of surgical treatment on neurodevelopmental outcome was found. Predictors of impaired motor outcome were length of hospital stay (LOHS) (P=0.01), lower body weight at second procedure (P=0.004) and female sex (P=0.01). Predictors of impaired cognitive outcome were longer mechanical ventilation time (P=0.03), intensive care unit stay (P=0.04) and LOHS (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mortality at 1 year of age is comparable between patients undergoing hybrid and Norwood procedures. Early neurodevelopmental outcome is significantly impaired in patients with both HLHS and other UVH defects. Multicentre randomized studies are needed to determine the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of children treated with the hybrid procedure.