Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a mouse model for sporadic and metastatic colon tumors and its use in assessing drug treatment

Most genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models for colon cancer are based on tissuewide or germline gene modification, resulting in tumors predominantly of the small intestine. Several of these models involve modification of the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene and are excellent models for familial cancer predisposition syndromes. We have developed a stochastic somatic mutation model for sporadic colon cancer that presents with isolated primary tumors in the distal colon and recapitulates the entire adenoma–carcinoma–metastasis axis seen in human colon cancer. Using this model, we have analyzed tumors that are either solely mutant in the Apc gene or in combination with another colon cancer-associated mutant gene, the Kras G12D allele. Because of the restricted location in the distal colon, the natural history of the tumors can be analyzed by serial colonoscopy. As the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a critical component of the complex signaling network in colon cancer, we used this model to assess the efficacy of mTOR blockade through rapamycin treatment of mice with established tumors. After treatment, Apc mutant tumors were more than 80% smaller than control tumors. However, tumors that possessed both Apc and Kras mutations did not respond to rapamycin treatment. These studies suggest that mTOR inhibitors should be further explored as potential colorectal cancer therapies in patients whose tumors do not have activating mutations in KRAS.
The structure and function of attention in typical and atypical development.

The attention test batteries currently available for developmental assessment are mostly too challenging for children younger than 6 years, and are often unsuitable for children with developmental delay or attention deficits. With younger children, the process of assessing complex functions of attention is challenging. However, the emergence of attention mechanisms is a key developmental issue, which would benefit from more suitable tools for the assessment of attention in early childhood. This thesis describes the development of a battery designed to test multiple components of attention in children with a mental age between 3 and 6 years, including children with developmental disorders as well as typically-developing children. A considerable literature devoted to the nature and organisation of attention functions has suggested separable components of selective attention, sustained attention and attentional control (e.g. Posner & Petersen, 1990 Mirsky et al., 1991 Manly et al., 2001 Fan et al., 2002). However, most of this work has used adult or school-age participants. This study used the new battery to explore whether this model provides an accurate description of attention in early childhood. Factor analysis provided support for the hypothesised model, but suggested that changes in the structure of attention occur over the preschool age range. The battery was also used to examine how attention is affected in two developmental disorders where attention problems are common: Williams syndrome and Down's syndrome. By using a range of tests to assess different aspects of attention, it is possible to establish whether observed attention problems are global or specific to particular components. Both groups showed patterns of impairment that varied across subtests, with some deficits common to both groups, and others present only in one group. These results are considered in relation to what is known about the structure of attention in adults and older children, its neuroanatomy and the atypical development of attention in childhood disorders. This thesis highlights the need for a more developmental perspective that takes into account changes in the structure and function of attention over the lifespan.
Pharmacological Investigation of the Wound Healing Activity of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) Ointment in Wistar Albino Rats

Objectives. The present study was aimed at investigating the wound healing effect of ethanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) leaves (EECN) using excision and incision wound model. Methods. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups each consisting of six animals; group I (left untreated) considered as control, group II (ointment base treated) considered as negative control, group III treated with 5% (w/w) povidone iodine ointment (Intadine USP), which served as standard, group IV treated with EECN 2% (w/w) ointment, and group V treated with EECN 5% (w/w) ointment were considered as test groups. All the treatments were given once daily. The wound healing effect was assessed by percentage wound contraction, epithelialization period, and histoarchitecture studies in excision wound model while breaking strength and hydroxyproline content in the incision wound model. Result. Different concentration of EECN (2% and 5% w/w) ointment promoted the wound healing activity significantly in both the models studied. The high rate of wound contraction (P < 0.001), decrease in the period for epithelialization (P < 0.01), high skin breaking strength (P < 0.001), and elevated hydroxyproline content were observed in animal treated with EECN ointments when compared to the control and negative control group of animals. Histopathological studies of the EECN ointments treated groups also revealed the effectiveness in improved wound healing. Conclusions. Ethanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum (EECN) leaves possesses a concentration dependent wound healing effect.
Synthesis and Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Novel Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives

Triterpenoids are used for medicinal purposes in many countries. Some, such as oleanolic and glycyrrhetinic acids, are known to be anti‐inflammatory and anticarcinogenic. However, the biological activities of these naturally occurring molecules against their particular targets are weak, so the synthesis of new synthetic analogues with enhanced potency is needed. By combining modifications to both the A and C rings of 18βH‐glycyrrhetinic acid, the novel synthetic derivative methyl 2‐cyano‐3,12‐dioxo‐18βH‐olean‐9(11),1(2)‐dien‐30‐oate was obtained. This derivative displays high antiproliferative activity in cancer cells, including a cell line with a multidrug‐resistance phenotype. It causes cell death by inducing the intrinsic caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway.
METABOLIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT AND MULTIPLE RENAL STONES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

ABSTRACT Objective: Renal stone disease has become an important clinical condition worldwide, and it results from a combination of several factors which are biochemical, epidemiologic, and genetic in origin. Preventive measures are very important concerning stone disease and these measures greatly depend on the type of stones. Performing a metabolic evaluation of stone patients to identify metabolic abnormality, if any, and treating the same helps reduce the recurrence of stones. To identify and correct the metabolic risk factors of patients presenting with either recurrent, bilateral, or multiple stones and thereby reduce the recurrence of stones. Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study, including collection of essential data of 100 patients and analyzing them for any metabolic abnormality. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females. The frequency of stone formation was high in the age group 51-60, even though age is not a significant factor. Only 55 patients underwent metabolic evaluation, in which 23 patients (41.8%) had a metabolic abnormality. The common abnormality found in this geographical area was hyperuricosuria (29.1%) followed by hypercalciuria (7.3%). Hypercalciuria was not statistically significant, but hyperuricosuria and acidic urine pH were significant factors that contribute to stone formation. Conclusion: Metabolic evaluation is a must for renal stone patients which greatly help reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Hyperuricemia was observed to be the major abnormality followed by hypercalciuria. Acidic urine pH and low urine volume were other significant risk factors. Keywords : Nephrolithiasis, Metabolic evaluation, Hyperuricosuria, Hypercalciuria.
Altruism, Intergroup Apology, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation

This is a stimulating discussion on the phenomenon and effects of altruism and intergroup apology.Drawing on years of research by leading scholars, this informative book looks at the growing phenomenon of intergroup apology and international reconciliation and forgiveness between formerly opposed groups.In recent decades, more than one hundred apologies have been made by leaders or groups to those they have hurt. "Altruism, Intergroup Apology, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation" focuses on these cases that show a positive outcome providing empirical evidence that there is a positive relationship between altruism, apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation - and that there is hope that mankind can emerge from its violent past and embrace a wiser world.
Oligodendrocyte PTEN is required for myelin and axonal integrity, not remyelination

Repair of myelin injury in multiple sclerosis may fail, resulting in chronic demyelination, axonal loss, and disease progression. As cellular pathways regulated by phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN; eg, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase [PI‐3K]) have been reported to enhance axon regeneration and oligodendrocyte maturation, we investigated potentially beneficial effects of Pten loss of function in the oligodendrocyte lineage on remyelination.
Nursing students' experiences of workplace violence and aggression: Making sense of the phenomenon for educators

Nursing Students’ Experiences of Workplace Violence and Aggression Making Sense of the Phenomenon for Educators by Bonnie J. Beardsley MSN, Lewis University, 1996 BSN, Olivet University, 1993 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Walden University February 2003 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
50-grams glucose challenge test for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus in high risk pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cutoff value of the 1-hr, 50-gram glucose challenge test (GCT) for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), in high-risk pregnancy, and to determine the prevalence of GDM in this group. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study (Diagnostic test). SUBJECTS Eight hundred and thirty-eight pregnant women, 24-28 weeks, were identified and recruited based on risk indicators between January and October 2004. MATERIAL AND METHOD A GCT was performed in this group. All women with plasma glucose value > or = 130 mg/ dl were given a 3-hr, 100-gram glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus using Carpenter and Coustan diagnostic criteria. The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the cut-off value of GCTfor detecting GDM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The cut-off value of GCTfor detecting GDM by using ROC curve with the sensitivity and specificity of various cut-off values. RESULTS The ROC curve identified a GCT value of > or = 140 mg/dl as the cut-off value for detecting GDM, which showed the sensitivity and specificity of 95.3% and 48.6% respectively. The prevalence of GDM in high-risk pregnant women was 20.17% (169/838). CONCLUSIONS Recommended threshold of 140 mg/dl used as the cut-off value of 50-gram, 1-hr GCTfor screening GDM in high-risk pregnancy.
Coil Design and Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Wireless charging electric vehicles (EV) is the development trend of EV. However, the battery taken by EVs has the disadvantages of big volume, long time to recharge, and limited driving distance. In this paper, an innovative dynamic wireless charging system based on magnetic coupled resonant power transmission is presented. The transmitting coil of this charging system can selectively turn ON/OFF for charging vehicles while driving. The structures of the transmitting coil and receiving coil are researched and improved. In addition, the dispersed coupling structure named grouped periodic series spiral coupler is proposed, and its characteristics are described. A simulation of coupling coefficients at different D values is carried out. A prototype is built to experiment on the dynamic wireless charging process of EV. Meanwhile, the coil coupling and variation of transmission efficiency are analyzed. The comparison of the experiment indicated that the EV can obtain a stable charging process under 25 mm transmission distance using the improved receiving coil with R:H:D = 4:5:13. Moreover, the dynamic charging process is relatively stable without an obvious fluctuation while passing the interval between two transmitting coils, and the transmission efficiency is promoted by 50%.
Genistein Mitigates Radiation‐induced Testicular Injury

The present study investigated the radioprotective effect of a multifunctional soy isoflavone, genistein, with the testicular system. Genistein was administered (200 mg/kg body weight) to male C3H/HeN mice by subcutaneous injection 24 h prior to pelvic irradiation (5 Gy). Histopathological parameters were evaluated 12 h and 21 days post‐irradiation. Genistein protected the germ cells from radiation‐induced apoptosis (p < 0.05 vs vehicle‐treated irradiated mice at 12 h post‐irradiation). Genistein significantly attenuated radiation‐induced reduction in testis weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, seminiferous epithelial depth and sperm head count in the testes (p < 0.05 vs vehicle‐treated irradiated mice at 21 days post‐irradiation). Repopulation and stem cell survival indices of the seminiferous tubules were increased in the genistein‐treated group compared with the vehicle‐treated irradiation group at 21 days post‐irradiation (p < 0.01). The irradiation‐mediated decrease in the sperm count and sperm mobility in the epididymis was counteracted by genistein (p < 0.01), but no effect on the frequency of abnormal sperm was evident. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using DCFDA method and exposure to irradiation elevated ROS levels in the testis and genistein treatment resulted in a significant attenuation of radiation‐induced ROS production. The results indicate that genistein protects from testicular dysfunction induced by gamma‐irradiation by an antiapoptotic effect and recovery of spermatogenesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On saying "enough already!" in MapReduce

The MapReduce framework for parallel processing of massive data sets has attracted considerable attention recently, mainly due to its salient features that include scalability, simplicity, and fault-tolerance. However, despite its merits, MapReduce follows a brute-force approach, which often results in performing redundant work. This is particularly evident in the case of rank-aware queries, such as top-k, where a bounded set of k tuples comprise the result set. To process such queries in MapReduce, the input data needs to be accessed in its entirety, in order to produce the correct result set. To address this limitation of lack of early termination, in this paper, we investigate on different techniques that allow efficient processing of rank-aware queries, without accessing the input data exhaustively. We present various individual approaches that can be combined and demonstrate their advantages and shortcomings. Thus, we provide the first steps towards integrating efficient rank-aware processing in MapReduce.
Special focus CRISPR-Cas

Six years ago a new sophisticated prokaryotic defense system was identified that was termed CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas, CRISPR associated). Parts of it, the mysterious repeat sequences, were already detected in 1987 but their function remained unknown for the next 20 y. The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive, heritable defense system that prokaryotes use to protect themselves against invaders such as viruses. Three highly diverse types of CRISPR-Cas that display major functional and structural differences exist (type I–III); and these three major types have been further divided into 10 subtypes, that also show considerable differences (subtypes IA-IF, IIA-B, IIIA-B). The key elements of these defense systems are the Cas proteins and the CRISPR RNA. The CRISPR RNA consists of short repeat sequences interspersed with spacer sequences derived from invader DNA. Since its discovery, much has been learned about this system: we now know that there are a variety of CRISPR-Cas subtypes and that the Cas proteins may have multiple functions. Biotechnological applications were implicated early after the discovery of this system, and a new avenue of potential applications was recently reported. However, our understanding of this system is far from complete. In this special issue, the state of this system is summarized in three reviews and three commentaries, and new data are reported in 19 research articles. The evolution of this system and its components is described in the review by Koonin et al. They describe an interesting connection between the CRISPR-Cas system and the toxin-antitoxin systems.
Temperature compensated cryogenic whispering gallery mode resonator for microwave frequency standard applications

We have investigated a miniature composite dielectric resonator employing a sapphire puck and a single crystalline platelet of rutile, excited in a whispering gallery mode. We have achieved values of the Allan variance as low as 4/spl times/10/sup -12/ for an integration time of 1000 seconds with the prototype system.
Rorschach Content Interpretation

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the rorschach content interpretation is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.
Density Profiles of ΛCDM Clusters

We analyze the mass accretion histories (MAHs) and density profiles of cluster-size halos with virial masses of × 1014 h-1 M☉ in a flat ΛCDM cosmology. We find that most MAHs have a similar shape: an early merger-dominated mass increase followed by a more gradual accretion-dominated growth. For some clusters the intense merger activity and rapid mass growth continue until the present-day epoch. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the concentration of the density distribution is tightly correlated with the halo's MAH and with its formation redshift. During the period of fast mass growth, the concentration remains approximately constant and low, cv ≈ 3-4, while during the slow accretion stages the concentration increases with decreasing redshift as cv ∝ (1 + z)-1. We consider fits of three widely discussed analytic density profiles to the simulated clusters, focusing on the most relaxed inner regions. We find that there is no unique best-fit analytic profile for all the systems. At the same time, if a cluster is best fitted by a particular analytic profile at z = 0, the same is usually true at earlier epochs out to z ~ 1-2. The local logarithmic slope of the density profiles at 3% of the virial radius ranges from -1.2 to -2.0, a remarkable diversity for the relatively narrow mass range of our cluster sample. Interestingly, for all the studied clusters the logarithmic slope down to the smallest resolved scale (≲1% of the virial radius) becomes shallower with decreasing radius without reaching an asymptotic value. We do not find a clear correlation of the inner slope with the formation redshift or the shape of the halo's MAH. We do find, however, that during the period of rapid mass growth the density profiles can be well described by a single power law ρ(r) ∝ r-γ with γ ~ 1.5-2. The relatively shallow power-law slopes result in low concentrations at these stages of evolution, as the scale radius at which the density profiles reach the slope of -2 is at large radii. This indicates that the inner power law-like density distribution of halos is built up during the periods of rapid mass accretion and active merging, while the outer steeper profile is formed when the mass accretion slows down. To check the convergence and robustness of our conclusions, we resimulate one of our clusters by using 8 times as many particles and twice as good force resolution. We find good agreement between the two simulations in all the results discussed in our study.
Subcellular location and photodynamic therapeutic effect of chlorin e6 in the human tongue squamous cell cancer Tca8113 cell line

The present study aimed to investigate the distribution and photodynamic therapeutic effect of chlorin e6 (Ce6) in the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cell line in vitro. The distribution of Ce6 in the Tca8113 cells was observed in situ combined with mitochondrial and lysosomal fluorescent probes. Next, 630-nm semiconductor laser irradiation was performed. The MTS colorimetric method was used to determine cell survival. Annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) double staining was used to detect early apoptosis following photodynamic therapy (PDT). The flow cytometer was used to analyze the DNA content subsequent to PI-staining. It was observed that Ce6 could combine with the cellular membrane following 30 min of incubation with the Tca8113 cells. As the length of incubation increased, Ce6 gradually entered the cells in a particular distribution and reached saturation by 3 h. Co-localization analysis demonstrated that Ce6 was more likely to be present in the mitochondria than in the lysosomes. The cells incubated with 5 μg/ml Ce6 for 24 h exhibited a low toxicity of 5%, however, following light irradiation, Ce6-PDT was able to kill the Tca8113 cells in vitro. The cell toxicity was positively correlated with Ce6 concentration and light dose, therefore, the effect of Ce6 was concentration/dose-dependent (P<0.01). The lower Ce6 concentrations and light doses could significantly induce apoptosis in the Tca8113 cells, while higher doses increased necrosis/percentage of dead cells. In summary, Ce6 saturated the Tca8113 cells following 3 h of incubation. Furthermore, Ce6-PDT effectively killed the cultured Tca8113 cells in vitro at a safe concentration. At a low concentration and light dose, Ce6 is more likely to induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondria than the lysosomes.