Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of cross-country skiing

A program for numerical simulation of a whole ski race, from start to finish, is developed in MATLAB. The track is modelled by a set of cubical splines in two dimensions and can be used to simulate a track in a closed loop or with the start and finish at different locations. The forces considered in the simulations are gravitational force, normal force between snow and skis, drag force from the wind, frictional force between snow and ski and driving force from the skier. The differential equations of motion are solved from start to finish with the Runge–Kutta method. Different wind situations during the race can be modelled, as well as different glide conditions on different parts of the track. It is also possible to vary the available power during the race. The simulation program's output is the total time of the race, together with the forces and speed during different parts of the race and intermediate times at selected points. Some preliminary simulations are also presented.
Newsjunkie: providing personalized newsfeeds via analysis of information novelty

We present a principled methodology for filtering news stories by formal measures of information novelty, and show how the techniques can be usedto custom-tailor news feeds based on information that a user has already reviewed. We review methods for analyzing novelty and then describe Newsjunkie, a system that personalizes news for users by identifying the novelty of stories in the context of stories they have already reviewed. Newsjunkie employs novelty-analysis algorithms that represent articles as words and named entities. The algorithms analyze inter-andintra-document dynamics by considering how information evolves over timefrom article to article, as well as within individual articles. We review the results of a user study undertaken to gauge the value of the approachover legacy time-based review of newsfeeds, and also to compare the performance of alternate distance metrics that are used to estimate the dissimilarity between candidate new articles and sets of previously reviewed articles.
Use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury; relation to perceived health and personality characteristics

Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate which factors are associated with the use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury. Method. After a review process based on clinical reasoning, 69 former burn patients out of a consecutive group treated at the Uppsala Burn Unit from 1980 – 1995 were visited in their homes and their use of care and support was assessed in a semi-structured interview. Post-burn health was assessed with the Burn-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) and personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Results. The participants were injured on average eight years previously. Thirty-four had current contact with healthcare due to their burn injury and had significantly lower scores on three BSHS-B-domains: Simple Abilities, Work and Hand function, and significantly higher scores for the SSP-domain Neuroticism and the SSP-scales Stress Susceptibility, Lack of Assertiveness, and lower scores for Social Desirability. There was no relation to age, gender, time since injury, length of stay, or to the surface area burned. Conclusions. A routine screening of personality traits as a supplement to long-term follow-ups may help in identifying the patient's need for care.
Kolmogorov's structure functions and model selection

In 1974, Kolmogorov proposed a nonprobabilistic approach to statistics and model selection. Let data be finite binary strings and models be finite sets of binary strings. Consider model classes consisting of models of given maximal (Kolmogorov) complexity. The "structure function" of the given data expresses the relation between the complexity level constraint on a model class and the least log-cardinality of a model in the class containing the data. We show that the structure function determines all stochastic properties of the data: for every constrained model class it determines the individual best fitting model in the class irrespective of whether the "true" model is in the model class considered or not. In this setting, this happens with certainty, rather than with high probability as is in the classical case. We precisely quantify the goodness-of-fit of an individual model with respect to individual data. We show that-within the obvious constraints-every graph is realized by the structure function of some data. We determine the (un)computability properties of the various functions contemplated and of the "algorithmic minimal sufficient statistic. ".
Staging of head and neck cancers: Is it time to change the balance between the ideal and the practical?

The TNM system is a widely accepted prognostic system worldwide. Limitations in prognostic accuracy are recognized but have remained for fear the remedy would unnecessarily complicate the system. Understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of cancer will allow the gap between the ideal and the practical prognostic system to be closed and the staging system drastically revised to a modular structure. Novel computational technology, which is reliable and reproducible, is likely to provide the basis for such a modular prognostic system. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:653–657. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A blind approach to Hammerstein model identification

Discusses discrete Hammerstein model identification using a blind system identification approach. By sampling faster at the output for the sampled Hammerstein systems, it is shown that identification of the linear part can be achieved based only on the output measurements that makes Hammerstein model identification possible without knowing the structure of the nonlinearity and the internal variable. The fundamental identifiability problem is solved and several schemes are presented.
Effects of strabismic amblyopia and strabismus without amblyopia on visuomotor behavior: III. Temporal eye-hand coordination during reaching.

PURPOSE To examine the effects of strabismic amblyopia and strabismus only, without amblyopia, on the temporal patterns of eye-hand coordination during both the planning and execution stages of visually-guided reaching. METHODS Forty-six adults (16 with strabismic amblyopia, 14 with strabismus only, and 16 visually normal) executed reach-to-touch movements toward targets presented randomly 5° or 10° to the left or right of central fixation. Viewing conditions were binocular, monocular viewing with the amblyopic eye, and monocular viewing with the fellow eye (dominant and nondominant viewing for participants without amblyopia). Temporal coordination between eye and hand movements was examined during reach planning (interval between the initiation of saccade and reaching, i.e., saccade-to-reach planning interval) and reach execution (interval between the initiation of saccade and reach peak velocity [PV], i.e., saccade-to-reach PV interval). The frequency and dynamics of secondary reach-related saccades were also examined. RESULTS The temporal patterns of eye-hand coordination prior to reach initiation were comparable among participants with strabismic amblyopia, strabismus only, and visually normal adults. However, the reach acceleration phase of participants with strabismic amblyopia and those with strabismus only were longer following target fixation (saccade-to-reach PV interval) than that of visually normal participants (P < 0.05). This effect was evident under all viewing conditions. The saccade-to-reach planning interval and the saccade-to-reach PV interval were not significantly different among participants with amblyopia with different levels of acuity and stereo acuity loss. Participants with strabismic amblyopia and strabismus only initiated secondary reach-related saccades significantly more frequently than visually normal participants. The amplitude and peak velocity of these saccades were significantly greater during amblyopic eye viewing in participants with amblyopia who also had negative stereopsis. CONCLUSIONS Adults with strabismic amblyopia and strabismus only showed an altered pattern of temporal eye-hand coordination during the reach acceleration phase, which might affect their ability to modify reach trajectory using early online control. Secondary reach-related saccades may provide a compensatory mechanism with which to facilitate the late online control process in order to ensure relatively good reaching performance during binocular and fellow eye viewing.
Telomerase repressor sequences on chromosome 3 and induction of permanent growth arrest in human breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND Activation of the enzyme telomerase, which has been associated with cellular immortality, may constitute a key step in the development of human cancer. Telomerase is repressed in most normal human somatic cells. This study was conducted, using a genetic complementation approach, with the aim of identifying and mapping the genes responsible for repressing telomerase and, simultaneously, to establish the effect of experimentally induced telomerase repression on human tumor cell growth. METHODS Individual human chromosomes isolated from normal diploid cells and tagged with bacterial antibiotic resistance genes (for later selection) were introduced into cells of the human breast carcinoma cell line 21NT by means of microcell transfer. Selected hybrid clones were screened for telomerase activity by use of the polymerase chain reaction-based telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and the proliferative fate of the hybrid clones was determined. Regions of the introduced chromosomes associated with telomerase repression were mapped using segregant hybrids and a deletion analysis that employed microsatellite DNA markers. RESULTS Strong repression of telomerase was observed following transfer of human chromosome 3 into 21NT cells but not after transfer of chromosomes 8, 12, or 20. The vast majority of hybrid clones with repressed telomerase entered permanent growth arrest after 10-18 population doublings. Deletion analysis of nonrepressed segregant monochromosome 3 hybrids indicated two regions on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p21.3-p22 and 3p12-21.1) where telomerase regulator genes may be located. CONCLUSIONS Telomerase in human breast cancer cells is efficiently repressed by a gene or genes on normal human chromosome 3p, and this repression is associated with permanent growth arrest of the tumor cells.
A Photonic MM-Wave Reference and Local Oscillator Source

We report further progress on the development of a photonic mm-wave waveguide source suitable for application as a phase reference and as a local oscillator. The mmwave power was generated in a W-band waveguide mount by the beating of two 1.55 μm laser beams in a modified commercial photodiode. Maximum optical to mmwave power conversion efficiency of 1.8% was measured at 75 GHz, where an input power of +10 dBm yielded a non-saturated output power of –7.5 dBm. Measured output powers fell approximately as frequency -4 above 100 GHz, decreasing from about –10 dBm at 100 GHz to –40 dBm at 625 GHz. We remark that the mount is non-optimised for frequencies above 110 GHz, and so these measurements represent a lower limit on the available power.
Extending domain coverage of language understanding systems via intent transfer between domains using knowledge graphs and search query click logs

This paper proposes a new technique to enable Natural Language Understanding (NLU) systems to handle user queries beyond their original semantic schemas defined by intents and slots. Knowledge graph and search query logs are used to extend NLU system's coverage by transferring intents from other domains to a given domain. The transferred intents as well as existing intents are then applied to a set of new slots that they are not trained with. The knowledge graph and search click logs are used to determine whether the new slots (i.e. entities) or their attributes in the graph can be used together with transfered intents without re-training the underlying NLU models with the expanded (i.e. with new intents and slots) schema. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can in fact be used in extending NLU system's domain coverage in fulfilling the user's request.
Inattentive Valuation and Reference-Dependent Choice ∗

In rational choice theory, individuals are assumed always to choose the option that will provide them maximum utility. But actual choices must be based on subjective perceptions of the attributes of the available options, and the accuracy of these perceptions will always be limited by the information-processing capacity of one’s nervous system. I propose a theory of valuation errors under the hypothesis that perceptions are as accurate as possible on average, given the statistical properties of the environment to which they are adapted, subject to a limit on processing capacity. The theory is similar to the “rational inattention” hypothesis of Sims (1998, 2003, 2011), but modified for closer conformity with psychophysical and neurobiological evidence regarding visual perception. It can explain a variety of aspects of observed choice behavior, including the intrinsic stochasticity of choice; focusing effects; decoy effects in consumer choice; reference-dependent valuations; and the co-existence of apparent risk-aversion with respect to gains with apparent risk-seeking with respect to losses. The theory provides optimizing foundations for some aspects of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979).
Identification of DNA-binding Residues of a Protein from Its Primary Sequence

Identification of DNA-binding residues in protein has made important function in several areas such as posttranscriptional regulation and protein function. in our work, we propose a method which combines a novel hybrid feature with the random forest (RF) algorithm to predict DNA-binding residues in protein sequences. the hybrid feature contains the second structure feature, predicted solvent accessibility and novel feature which including evolutionary information combining physicochemical properties. Furthermore, performance comparison of each feature indicates that the novel feature contributes most to the prediction improvement. the result demonstrates that our model achieves a value of 0.7238 for Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) and 92.67% overall accuracy (ACC) with a 78.96% sensitivity (SE) and 94.56% specificity (SP), respectively. It is clearly that the prediction model has significant better prediction performance of DNA-binding sites in proteins.
Wiretap Channel with Action-Dependent Channel State Information

In this paper, we investigate the model of wiretap channel with action-dependent channel state information. Given the message to be communicated, the transmitter chooses an action sequence that affects the formation of the channel states, and then generates the channel input sequence based on the state sequence and the message. The main channel and the wiretap channel are two discrete memoryless channels (DMCs), and they are connected with the legitimate receiver and the wiretapper, respectively. Moreover, the transition probability distribution of the main channel depends on the channel state. Measuring wiretapper’s uncertainty about the message by equivocation, inner and outer bounds on the capacity-equivocation region are provided both for the case where the channel inputs are allowed to depend non-causally on the state sequence and the case where they are restricted to causal dependence. Furthermore, the secrecy capacities for both cases are bounded, which provide the best transmission rate with perfect secrecy. The result is further explained via a binary example.
Variable frequency trains enhance torque independent of stimulation amplitude.

AIM Variable frequency trains have been reported to enhance force of fatigued human skeletal muscle. More rapid calcium turnover and/or enhanced stiffness may be responsible for the augmented torque-time integral during surface stimulation at moderate amplitude. In contrast, it has recently been suggested that variable frequency train enhancement occurs only at low forces as a result of preferential stimulation of fast fibres and/or altered motor unit recruitment. If correct, this would limit the practical benefit of variable frequency trains. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that torque augmentation by variable frequency trains in fatigued skeletal muscle was independent of stimulation amplitude. METHODS The m. quadriceps femoris of six males was stimulated with constant frequency trains (six 200-micros square waves separated by 70 ms) or variable frequency trains (first interpulse interval 5 ms) at an amplitude that initially evoked approximately 25 or approximately 50% of maximal voluntary isometric torque. RESULTS After 180 constant frequency trains (50% duty cycle), isometric peak torque decreased approximately 63%. In fatigued muscle, variable frequency trains enhanced the torque-time integral by approximately 23% over that for constant frequency trains and this effect was independent of stimulation amplitude. This was due to greater peak torque and less slowing of rise time. CONCLUSION These responses show that the torque-time integral can be enhanced at both moderate and high stimulation amplitudes. As such, it is suggested that neither recruitment nor preferential activation of fast muscle is responsible for the "catch-like" property that can be demonstrated in fatigued human skeletal muscle.
Identification of Major and Minor Allergens of Black Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) and King Prawn (Penaeus latisulcatus).

BACKGROUND Prawns and shrimp are a frequent cause of seafood allergy mediated by IgE antibodies. Penaeus monodon and Penaeus latisulcatus, commonly known as black tiger prawn and king prawn, respectively, are among the most frequently consumed prawns in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to identify the IgE-binding proteins of these 2 prawn species. METHODS Raw and boiled prawn extracts were prepared and then resolved by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). IgE-immunoblotting was then performed using sera from patients with positive skin prick tests to the raw prawn extracts. RESULTS SDS-PAGE analysis of the raw extracts of both prawn species revealed 23 protein bands; the boiled extracts yielded fewer protein bands. The bands in the range of 40 to 100 kDa were sensitive to heat and therefore were not found in the boiled extracts. Immunoblot of raw extracts of black tiger prawns and king prawns yielded 14 and 11 IgE-binding proteins, respectively, with molecular weights of between 15 and 200 kDa. Proteins at 36, 42, and 49 kDa were detected as the major allergens in both species of prawns. A protein of 75 kDa was also identified as a major allergen in black tiger prawns. Other potential allergens were also observed at various molecular masses. CONCLUSION Proteins of 36, 42, and 49 kDa were identified as the major allergens of both species of prawns. The 36 and 42 kDa proteins are hypothesised to be tropomyosin and arginine kinase, respectively. A high molecular weight protein of 75 kDa was found to be an additional major allergen in black tiger prawns.
Association of TLR4 polymorphisms with Behcet's disease in a Korean population.

OBJECTIVES HLA-B51 is strongly associated with Behçet's disease (BD) in any ethnic background. We recently reported that another gene, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is also implicated in BD in a Japanese population. To confirm these results, we investigated polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene in Korean patients with BD. METHODS In this study, 119 patients with BD and 141 healthy controls were enrolled; every participant was a Korean. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms previously detected in TLR4 by direct sequencing were analysed for an association with BD. RESULTS The most frequent haplotype, TAGCGGTAA, was significantly increased in HLA-B*51-positive BD patients (49.5%), compared with healthy control participants [32.3%; P = 0.029; odds ratio (OR) = 2.01; 95% CI 1.25-3.23]. This haplotype was also significantly increased in BD patients with arthritis (48.2%; P = 0.003; OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.26-3.26). There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of patients and controls for each single nucleotide polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The haplotype of TLR4 may increase the risk for developing BD and the complication of arthritis in the Korean population.
Structural studies of RFCC tf18 reveal a novel chromatin recruitment role for Dcc1

Replication factor C complexes load and unload processivity clamps from DNA and are involved in multiple DNA replication and repair pathways. The RFCCtf18 variant complex is required for activation of the intra‐S‐phase checkpoint at stalled replication forks and aids the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Unlike other RFC complexes, RFCCtf18 contains two non‐Rfc subunits, Dcc1 and Ctf8. Here, we present the crystal structure of the Dcc1‐Ctf8 heterodimer bound to the C‐terminus of Ctf18. We find that the C‐terminus of Dcc1 contains three‐winged helix domains, which bind to both ssDNA and dsDNA. We further show that these domains are required for full recruitment of the complex to chromatin, and correct activation of the replication checkpoint. These findings provide the first structural data on a eukaryotic seven‐subunit clamp loader and define a new biochemical activity for Dcc1.
Ribonucleic Acid and Protein Metabolism in Pea Epicotyls : II. Response to Wounding in Aged Tissue.

Aged pea Pisum sativum L. var Alaska epicotyl tissue was wounded by excising the apical 10 or 20 millimeters and incubating the excised segments upright in buffer. Wounding induced a very rapid formation of polysomes which was accompanied by minor increases in ribosomes, mRNA, and poly(A) and by a doubling of the in vivo protein synthesizing capacity. This increase in protein synthesis in vivo was matched by a similar increase in polypeptide synthesis in vitro in wheat germ reactions primed by polysomes. However, in vitro reactions primed by total and polysomal RNA from wounded tissue were affected much less.Two-dimensional gel patterns of silver-stained proteins accumulated in vivo were almost unchanged, even after 6 hours of wounding, since only two spots decreased in intensity and none increased. In contrast, two-dimensional gel fluorographs of polypeptides generated in vitro by both total RNA and polysomal RNA showed numerous changes within 3 hours of wounding. Of the more than 200 spots visualized by fluorography, 17 decreased and 26 increased when total RNA from wounded tissue was used; 15 decreased and 10 increased when polysomal RNA was used. Those polypeptides that decreased after wounding were generally of lower molecular weight; those which increased were of higher molecular weight.Although wounding must be affecting transcription insofar as different mRNAs must be present to encode different polypeptides, its major effect appears to be on translation, presumably through formation of ribosomes with greater translational efficiency.