Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children’s perceptions of the effectiveness of strategies for regulating anger and sadness

Children may be capable of understanding the value of emotion regulation strategies before they can enlist these strategies in emotion-evoking situations. This study was designed to extend understanding of children’s judgment of the efficacy of alternative emotion regulation strategies. Children aged six and nine (N = 97) were presented with illustrated storyboards of anger- and sadness-evoking situations and rated the effectiveness of eight emotion regulation strategies. Children endorsed some strategies on an emotion-specific basis: they rated problem-solving as more effective for anger, and seeking adult support and venting emotion as more effective for sadness. Younger children rated cognitively sophisticated emotion regulatory strategies comparably to older children, but they endorsed relatively ineffective strategies as more effective. Early evidence of gender differences was also apparent as girls reported emotion-focused strategies as more effective than boys did. These findings contribute to understanding children’s nuanced estimates of the value of alternative strategies of emotion regulation based on emotion context, age, and gender.
A pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

A sixth month phase II multicenter-pilot trial with a low dose of the opiate antagonist Naltrexone (LDN) has been carried out in 40 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The primary end points were safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes were efficacy on spasticity, pain, fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were serially performed. Protein concentration of β-endorphins (BE) and mRNA levels and allelic variants of the μ-opiod receptor gene (OPRM1) were analyzed. Five dropouts and two major adverse events occurred. The remaining adverse events did not interfere with daily living. Neurological disability progressed in only one patient. A significant reduction of spasticity was measured at the end of the trial. BE concentration increased during the trial, but no association was found between OPRM1 variants and improvement of spasticity. Our data clearly indicate that LDN is safe and well tolerated in patients with PPMS.
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise.

The purpose of this Position Stand is to provide guidance to professionals who counsel and prescribe individualized exercise to apparently healthy adults of all ages. These recommendations also may apply to adults with certain chronic diseases or disabilities, when appropriately evaluated and advised by a health professional. This document supersedes the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand, "The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults. " The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. A program of regular exercise that includes cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training beyond activities of daily living to improve and maintain physical fitness and health is essential for most adults. The ACSM recommends that most adults engage in moderate-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥30 min·d on ≥5 d·wk for a total of ≥150 min·wk, vigorous-intensity cardiorespiratory exercise training for ≥20 min·d on ≥3 d·wk (≥75 min·wk), or a combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to achieve a total energy expenditure of ≥500-1000 MET·min·wk. On 2-3 d·wk, adults should also perform resistance exercises for each of the major muscle groups, and neuromotor exercise involving balance, agility, and coordination. Crucial to maintaining joint range of movement, completing a series of flexibility exercises for each the major muscle-tendon groups (a total of 60 s per exercise) on ≥2 d·wk is recommended. The exercise program should be modified according to an individual's habitual physical activity, physical function, health status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Adults who are unable or unwilling to meet the exercise targets outlined here still can benefit from engaging in amounts of exercise less than recommended. In addition to exercising regularly, there are health benefits in concurrently reducing total time engaged in sedentary pursuits and also by interspersing frequent, short bouts of standing and physical activity between periods of sedentary activity, even in physically active adults. Behaviorally based exercise interventions, the use of behavior change strategies, supervision by an experienced fitness instructor, and exercise that is pleasant and enjoyable can improve adoption and adherence to prescribed exercise programs. Educating adults about and screening for signs and symptoms of CHD and gradual progression of exercise intensity and volume may reduce the risks of exercise. Consultations with a medical professional and diagnostic exercise testing for CHD are useful when clinically indicated but are not recommended for universal screening to enhance the safety of exercise.
Results and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and clinical outcome has improved substantially during the last two decades with targeted therapies. The immune system has a major role in cancers, especially the CD8 + T cells specific to tumor antigens. However, tumors can escape immune response by different mechanisms including upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, such as well-known Programmed cell Death protein-1 (PD-1)/Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction, leading CD8 + T cells to a state of anergy. Immunotherapy, with the so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), has recently been approved in treatment of multiple cancers due to its prolonged disease control and acceptable toxicities. The recent groundbreaking success involving anti-PD-1 CPIs in metastatic CRC with deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) is promising, with several trials ongoing. Major challenges are ahead in order to determine how, when and for which patients we should use these CPIs in CRC. Areas covered: This review highlights some promises and challenges concerning personalized immunotherapy in CRC. First results and ongoing breakthrough trials are presented. The crucial role of biomarkers in selecting patient is also discussed. Expert opinion: As of now, dMMR and POLE mutations (DNA polymerase ε) with ultramutator phenotype are the most powerful predictive biomarkers of CPI efficacy. The most challenging issue is pMMR mCRC and determination of how to convert a ‘nonimmunogenic’ neoplasm into an ‘immunogenic’ neoplasm, a combination of CPIs with radiation or MEK inhibitor probably being the most relevant strategy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays to quantify mutational load could be more reliable predictive biomarkers of CPIs efficacy than PD-L1 expression or immune scores.
The case for DEVS in networking M&S: upload user collaboration in mobile networks using coordinated multipoint

Future mobile networks should provide high data rate services for their customers regardless of their location. This is a challenging task, specifically for the users in the edge of the cell's area. To overcome this problem, Long Term Evolution Advanced introduced Coordinated Multi-Point. Upload User Collaboration (UUC), presented here, can be combined with CoMP to enhance the upload performance of cell-edge users. This research presents a real-world use of Discrete Event System specifications for modeling mobile networks, and a practical case study with industrial relevance (algorithms, based on the DEVS studies, were patented by Ericsson Inc. for commercialization). The study compares three approaches: UUC, CoMP, and a non-cooperative algorithm. The simulations show that UUC provides significant improvements to the cell-edge users' upload performance, and it reduces the time required to upload a file.
Review of knee arthroscopic practice and coding at a major metropolitan centre

Arthroscopic knee surgery has been a topic of significant controversy in recent orthopaedic literature. Multiple studies have used administrative (Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and Centre for Health Record Linkage) data to identify trends in practice. This study explored the usage and reporting of arthroscopic knee surgery by conducting a detailed audit at a major Victorian public hospital.
Head and neck second primary cancer rates in the human papillomavirus era: A population‐based analysis

Patients with head and neck cancer are at high risk for second primary malignancies. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven tumors are generally high‐grade oropharyngeal cancers. We analyzed the incidence of second primary malignancy of the head and neck in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and temporal trends in the HPV era.
Subendocardial viability ratio and ejection duration as parameters of early cardiovascular risk in children.

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) and ejection duration (ED) in children and adolescents with common cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Four groups of pediatric patients were analyzed: 31 children and adolescents had hypertension, 36 were overweight, 49 were overweight and had hypertension, and 70 had hypercholesterolemia. The patients were compared to a control group of 50 healthy individuals. Subjects were sampled by opportunity sampling at the Department of Pediatrics Maribor, Slovenia. In each patient, blood pressure, anthropometrical parameters, and pulse wave analysis (PWA) measurements using applanation tonometry technique were performed and calculated. RESULTS The results show a statistically-significant difference in ED (p = 0.013) but not in SEVR (p = 0.074) in the hypercholesterolemia group in comparison to the control group. In other research groups, no statistically-significant differences were found. In all study groups, SEVR correlated significantly with age (positive, moderate) and heart rate (negative, strong) as well as with central mean pressure (CMP). CONCLUSIONS Our study does not show a significant role of SEVR and ED in early cardiovascular risk determination in children. However, some results do indicate a potential role of both, at least in hypercholesterolemia, and should be further investigated.
Semi-Autonomous Data Enrichment and Optimisation for Intelligent Speech Analysis

To address the challenges surrounding data quantity and quality in Intelligent Speech Analysis, this thesis proposes and analyses semi-autonomous data enrichment and optimisation approaches. Particularly, both labelled and unlabelled data from heterogeneous resources are exploited; Split Vector Quantisation is employed for feature compression; and Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural networks is evaluated to mitigate reverberation. With these approaches, better performance is delivered.
Modelling speech production - evidence from Swedish blends

This paper is concerned with a type of speech errors called blends and what they may tell us about speech processing. A blend is a contamination of elements from two different lexical items. Sometime during the process of retrieving a lexical item for output, two functionally synonymous items that compete for the same slot are fused and realised as one separate word or nonce word (Levelt 1989: 215). Blends are interesting for linguistic research since they may reveal important facts about the way we as speakers process language from the first conceptual fragment to articulated speech. (1) and (2) are examples of blends taken from Fromkin (1973:260).
Brain atrophy measures in preclinical and manifest spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease mainly affecting the cerebellum and brainstem. In this Cuban‐German research collaboration, we aimed to characterize atrophy patterns and associations with clinical measures in preclinical and manifest SCA2.
Biogenesis and function of tRNA fragments during sperm maturation and fertilization in mammals

Offspring affected by sperm small RNAs Paternal dietary conditions in mammals influence the metabolic phenotypes of offspring. Although prior work suggests the involvement of epigenetic pathways, the mechanisms remains unclear. Two studies now show that altered paternal diet affects the level of small RNAs in mouse sperm. Chen et al. injected sperm transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments from males that had been kept on a high-fat diet into normal oocytes. The progeny displayed metabolic disorders and concomitant alteration of genes in metabolic pathways. Sharma et al. observed the biogenesis and function of small tRNA-derived fragments during sperm maturation. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which progeny are affected by parental exposure may affect human diseases such as diet-induced metabolic disorders. Science, this issue p. 397, p. 391 Abundant transfer RNA fragments in maturing mammalian sperm regulate expression of endogenous retroelements in the embryo. Several recent studies link parental environments to phenotypes in subsequent generations. In this work, we investigate the mechanism by which paternal diet affects offspring metabolism. Protein restriction in mice affects small RNA (sRNA) levels in mature sperm, with decreased let-7 levels and increased amounts of 5′ fragments of glycine transfer RNAs (tRNAs). In testicular sperm, tRNA fragments are scarce but increase in abundance as sperm mature in the epididymis. Epididymosomes (vesicles that fuse with sperm during epididymal transit) carry RNA payloads matching those of mature sperm and can deliver RNAs to immature sperm in vitro. Functionally, tRNA-glycine-GCC fragments repress genes associated with the endogenous retroelement MERVL, in both embryonic stem cells and embryos. Our results shed light on sRNA biogenesis and its dietary regulation during posttesticular sperm maturation, and they also link tRNA fragments to regulation of endogenous retroelements active in the preimplantation embryo.
Ureide Accumulation in Response to Mn Nutrition by Eight Soybean Genotypes with N
 2
 Fixation Tolerance to Soil Drying

Nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is especially sensitive to soil drying. The basis of this sensitivity appears to be related to the fact that ureides are transported from the nodules, and the ureide concentrations increase with water deficits in leaves resulting in an apparent feedback to nodules involving ureides that inhibit activity. Therefore, sustained ureide catabolism in the leaves under water deficit appears to be critical for N fixation tolerance. Recently, eight plant introduction lines were identified that expressed substantial N fixation tolerance of water deficits. The focus of this study was to explore the basis for the tolerance previously observed in the eight lines. Specifically, the objective of this study was to evaluate in these genotypes the dependence for ureide catabolism on allantoate amidinohydrolase, which in other cultivars appears to be related to N fixation tolerance of water deficits. Since allantoate amidinohydrolase does not require Mn as a co-factor in contrast to the alternate enzyme for allantoic acid catabolism, ureide accumulation was measured in leaves of these genotypes after the plants were fed allantoic acid following growth on low Mn hydroponic solutions. This treatment confirmed that ureide accumulation was independent of Mn nutrition level in six of the eight tolerant lines. Ureide accumulation in PI 429328 was consistently the most insensitive to Mu nutrition level. Overall, these results indicated that ureide catabolism independent of Mn is active in six of the eight plant introduction lines identified to express N fixation tolerance to soil drying.
Statistical analysis of relativistic electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves observed on CRRES

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves which propagate at frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency can undergo cyclotron resonant interactions with relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt and cause pitch-angle scattering and electron loss to the atmosphere. Typical storm-time wave amplitudes of 1-10 nT cause strong diffusion scattering which may lead to significant relativistic electron loss at energies above the minimum energy for resonance, E-min. A statistical analysis of over 800 EMIC wave events observed on the CRRES spacecraft is performed to establish whether scattering can occur at geophysically interesting energies (less than or equal to2 MeV). While E-min is well above 2 MeV for the majority of these events, it can fall below 2 MeV in localized regions of high plasma density and/or low magnetic field (f(pe)/f(ce,eq) > 10) for wave frequencies just below the hydrogen or helium ion gyrofrequencies. These lower energy scattering events, which are mainly associated with resonant L-mode waves, are found within the magnetic local time range 1300 4.5. The average wave spectral intensity of these events (4-5 nT(2)/Hz) is sufficient to cause strong diffusion scattering. The spatial confinement of these events, together with the limited set of these waves that resonate with less than or equal to2 MeV electrons, suggest that these electrons are only subject to strong scattering over a small fraction of their drift orbit. Consequently, drift-averaged scattering lifetimes are expected to lie in the range of several hours to a day. EMIC wave scattering should therefore significantly affect relativistic electron dynamics during a storm. The waves that resonate with the similar toMeV electrons are produced by low-energy (similar tokeV) ring current protons, which are expected to be injected into the inner magnetosphere during enhanced convection events.
Ensuring Reproduction at High Temperatures: The Heat Stress Response during Anther and Pollen Development

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is very sensitive to environmental stresses, particularly to thermal insults which frequently occur when plants grow in field conditions in the warm season. Although abnormalities in both male and female reproductive organs due to high temperatures have been described in several crops, the failure to set fruits has mainly been attributed to the high sensitivity of developing anthers and pollen grains, particularly at certain developmental stages. A global view of the molecular mechanisms involved in the response to high temperatures in the male reproductive organs will be presented in this review. In addition, transcriptome and proteomic data, currently available, will be discussed in the light of physiological and metabolic changes occurring during anther and pollen development. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response to high temperatures in flowers and, particularly, in the male reproductive organs will be a major step towards development of effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants.
The effect of prescriber education on medication‐related patient harm in the hospital: a systematic review

Aims Educating prescribers is a strategy to reduce prescription errors in hospitals. The present systematic review gives an overview of original research papers on the education of prescribers and reporting outcomes on (potential) patient harm. Methods A search of the databases Embase and Medline, using the Ovid interface, was performed. Research on the effect of physician education in order to prevent medication‐related problems in inpatients, and on reporting original data and outcomes on prescribing errors and/or (potential) patient harm, was included. The assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias was performed using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized studies (MINORS) checklist and the suggested risk of bias criteria for Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) reviews. Results Eight studies investigated an intervention on education alone, and in seven studies education was the main part of a multifaceted intervention. All studies were small and had short follow‐up periods. The educational programmes varied and were given to physicians of different specialties and levels of experience. Most studies reported intermediate process parameters as the outcome. The risk of performance and reporting bias were high. Conclusion All included studies suffered from poor methodology. The majority, especially studies in which education was part of a multifaceted intervention, reported effectiveness on intermediate outcome markers as prescription errors and potential adverse drug events. However, we found no firm evidence that educating prescribers in the hospital leads to a decrease in patient harm. Further work is needed to develop educational programmes, accompanied by more high‐quality research with outcomes on the improvement of patient care.
DiGrad: Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Shared Actions

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are inefficient for learning multiple tasks in complex robotic systems, where different tasks share a set of actions. In such environments a compound policy may be learnt with shared neural network parameters, which performs multiple tasks concurrently. However such compound policy may get biased towards a task or the gradients from different tasks negate each other, making the learning unstable and sometimes less data efficient. In this paper, we propose a new approach for simultaneous training of multiple tasks sharing a set of common actions in continuous action spaces, which we call as DiGrad (Differential Policy Gradient). The proposed framework is based on differential policy gradients and can accommodate multi-task learning in a single actor-critic network. We also propose a simple heuristic in the differential policy gradient update to further improve the learning. The proposed architecture was tested on 8 link planar manipulator and 27 degrees of freedom(DoF) Humanoid for learning multi-goal reachability tasks for 3 and 2 end effectors respectively. We show that our approach supports efficient multi-task learning in complex robotic systems, outperforming related methods in continuous action spaces.