Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young people’s education biographies: family relationships, social capital and belonging

ABSTRACT This paper examines complexities and interdependencies of key family relationships which anchor young people’s educational biographies. It is well recognised that young people’s education pathways in late modernity are strongly dependent on their ability to draw on the range of resources available, and that socio-economic status and family resources play a central role in this process. Less is known about how such relationships anchor young people’s education biographies. Drawing on theories of social capital and belonging in dialogue with qualitative interviews, and situated in studies of rural youth and education, this article considers how young people themselves talk and make decisions about their education in relation to complex family connections. These connections, contestations and negotiations between young people and central family members highlight how the late modern economy impacts on young people’s intimate relationships, and sheds light on the ongoing work of youth to resolve such tensions around their schooling in daily life.
Analysis of the Human V H Gene Repertoire Differential Effects of Selection and Somatic Hypermutation on Human Peripheral CD 5 1 / IgM 1 and CD 5 2 / IgM 1 B cells

To analyze the immunoglobulin repertoire of human IgM 1 B cells and the CD5 1 and CD5 2 subsets, individual CD19 1 / IgM 1 /CD5 1 or CD5 2 B cells were sorted and non-productive as well as productive V H gene rearrangements were amplified from genomic DNA and sequenced. In both subsets, the V H 3 family was overrepresented largely as a result of preferential usage of a small number of specific individual family members. In the CD5 1 B cell subset, all other V H families were found at a frequency expected from random usage, whereas in the CD5 2 population, V H 4 appeared to be overrepresented in the nonproductive repertoire, and also negatively selected since it was found significantly less often in the productive compared to the nonproductive repertoire; the V H 1 family was significantly diminished in the productive rearrangements of CD5 2 B cells. 3-23/DP-47 was the most frequently used V H gene segment and was found significantly more often than expected from random usage in productive rearrangements of both CD5 1 and CD5 2 B cells. Evidence for selection based on the D segment and the J H gene usage was noted in CD5 1 B cells. No differences were found between the B cell subsets in CDR3 length, the number of N-nucleotides or evidence of exonuclease activity. Somatically hypermutated V H DJ H rearrangements were significantly more frequent and extensive in CD5 2 compared to CD5 1 IgM 1 B cells, indicating that IgM 1 memory B cells were more frequent in the CD5 2 B cell population. Of note, the frequency of specific V H genes in the mutated population differed from that in the nonmutated population, suggesting that antigen stimulation imposed additional biases on the repertoire of IgM 1 B cells. These results indicate that the expressed repertoire of IgM 1 B cell subsets is shaped by recombinational bias, as well as selection before and after antigen exposure. Moreover, the influences on the repertoires of CD5 1 and CD5 2 B cells are significantly different, suggesting that human peripheral blood CD5 1 and CD5 2 B cells represent different B cell lineages, with similarities to murine B-1a and B-2 subsets, respectively. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 99:2488–2501.)
Sales Force Activities and Marketing Strategies in Industrial Firms: Relationships and Implications

This study explores the role of the sales force in formulating and executing marketing strategies. Specifically, the relationships between sales force activities such as providing information about customer needs, hiring and training salespeople, and assessing new market segments and four marketing strategies (market penetration, product development, market development, diversification) are examined. Results indicate that the use of sales force activities is related to a firm's strategic choices, and that the relationships vary by firm size and type of offering.
Occupational experience of caregiving during driving disruption following an acquired brain injury

Introduction Caregiving associated with driving disruption following an acquired brain injury is challenging and impacts on family members’ daily lives. However, little is known about the activities and meaning behind the occupation of a family member providing care during driving disruption. Method A prospective longitudinal design with a phenomenological approach was used as part of a larger study exploring family members’ needs and experiences. Forty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 family members over a 6-month period. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results The occupational experiences related to caregiving during driving disruption emerged as a key finding. The meaning and activities comprising the caregiving occupation during driving disruption are captured in three themes: (1) More than just driving; (2) The invisible and undervalued care and (3) Being a therapist at home. Family members highlighted the challenges of managing broader and multiple responsibilities. Conclusion The lived experiences, perceived meaning and activities involved in the caregiver occupation during driving disruption extend beyond just transport provision. Family members require support for occupational engagement and satisfaction at this key time. Rehabilitation and support for the person after an acquired brain injury may also improve the occupational experiences of family members.
Physicians' Behavior Intentions Regarding a Mobile Medical Information System: An Exploratory Study

This study aims to explore the acceptance of technology by physicians by studying their behavior intentions regarding a mobile medical information system. Synthesized from previous information system adoption research, mainly TAM, the UTAUT and personal innovativeness in the domain of IT (PIIT), a research model is proposed and empirically examined, using data collected from 121 physicians working in the healthcare sector in Finland. Results suggest that our proposed model could explain about 74% of the variance in physicians’ intentions to use the mobile system. PIIT and age are important moderators influencing the strength of perceived usefulness, ease of use and social influence on behavior intention significantly, but not compatibility. In early exposure to the mobile system, interaction between PIIT and age, ease of use, and social influence are important determinant beliefs challenging the dominant effect on intention of perceived usefulness. Gender and hands-on experience of the system have only an indirect effect through internal beliefs of the system on behavior intention. The findings and implications are discussed.
GABA Is Depolarizing in Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells of the Adolescent and Adult Rats

GABAergic signaling in hippocampal pyramidal neurons undergoes a switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing during early neuronal development. Whether such a transformation of GABAergic action occurs in dentate granule cells (DGCs), located at the first stage of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuit, is unclear. Here, we use noninvasive extracellular recording to monitor the effect of synaptically released GABA on the DGC population. We find that GABAergic responses in adolescent and adult rat DGCs are still depolarizing from rest. Using a morphologically realistic DGC model, we show that GABAergic action, depending on its precise timing and location, can have either an excitatory or inhibitory role in signal processing in the dentate gyrus.
S100B and APP Promote a Gliocentric Shift and Impaired Neurogenesis in Down Syndrome Neural Progenitors

Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder associated with mental retardation (MR) and early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). These CNS phenotypes are attributed to ongoing neuronal degeneration due to constitutive overexpression of chromosome 21 (HSA21) genes. We have previously shown that HSA21 associated S100B contributes to oxidative stress and apoptosis in DS human neural progenitors (HNPs). Here we show that DS HNPs isolated from fetal frontal cortex demonstrate not only disturbances in redox states within the mitochondria and increased levels of progenitor cell death but also transition to more gliocentric progenitor phenotypes with a consequent reduction in neuronogenesis. HSA21 associated S100B and amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels are simultaneously increased within DS HNPs, their secretions are synergistically enhanced in a paracrine fashion, and overexpressions of these proteins disrupt mitochondrial membrane potentials and redox states. HNPs show greater susceptibility to these proteins as compared to neurons, leading to cell death. Ongoing inflammation through APP and S100B overexpression further promotes a gliocentric HNPs phenotype. Thus, the loss in neuronal numbers seen in DS is not merely due to increased HNPs cell death and neurodegeneration, but also a fundamental gliocentric shift in the progenitor pool that impairs neuronal production.
Improving the Road Construction Supply Chain by Developing a National Level Performance Measurement System: the Case of Estonia

Transport and logistics are the lifeblood of societ ies. There is a strong correlation between overall growt h in economic activity and growth of transport. The movement of p eo le and goods has the potential for creating wealth and prosperit y, therefore the state of transportation infrastructure and especial ly the condition of road networks is often a governmental priority. The design, building and maintenance of national roads constitute a subs tantial share of government budgets. Taking into account the magnitu de and importance of these investments, the expedience, ef ficiency and sustainability of these projects are of great publi c interest. This paper provides an overview of supply chain management pri ciples applied to road construction. In addition, road constructio n performance measurement systems and ICT solutions are discussed . Road construction in Estonia is analyzed. The authors pr opose the development of a national performance measurement s ystem for road construction. Keywords—ICT in road construction, key performance indicators, quality performance measurement, road c onstruction supply chain.
Worker Preferences, Spousal Coordination, and Participation in an Employer-Sponsored Pension Plan

Recent changes in the pension environment, such as the growth of defined contribution plans, place more responsibility on individuals for the accumulation of retirement resources and provide workers with an increasing array of pension-related choices and decisions. This study uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine two instances where workers face such decisions—participation in an offered defined contribution plan and participation in a supplemental pension plan. The author examines the relationship between two largely unexplored predictors of pension participation—psychological motivators of saving and the influence of spouse’s behavior. Individual preferences for planning and risk and measures of spouse’s pension behavior are included in probit models predicting individual pension participation. Results reveal gender differences in the association between preferences and behavior and differences in the primary versus supplemental decision. They also suggest that spouses coordinate pension decisions and behave similarly within structural constraints.
Exploring how Korean teacher's attitudes and self-efficacy for using inquiry and language based teaching practices impacts learning for culturally and linguistically diverse students : implications for science teacher education

Demographic trends in Korea indicate that the student population is becoming more diverse with regards to culture, ethnicity and language. These changes have implications for science classrooms where inquiry-based, student-centered activities require culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students to connect with their peers and successfully navigate both everyday and content specific language. This study introduces the K-TASILT (Korean Teachers’ Attitudes and Self-efficacy for Inquiry and Language based Teaching) questionnaire, which we designed to investigate Korean teachers’ conceptions of diversity, inquiry teaching, and language education to help explore attitudes and self-efficacy towards teaching inquiry and language skills to CLD students. An analysis of 144 primary and secondary schools teachers’ responses revealed that they have fairly positive attitudes towards CLD students and positive self-efficacy for teaching inquiry, but they also have limited self-efficacy for implementing effective language teaching supports for using inquiry teaching with CLD students. We raise questions about the ways in which teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about inquiry teaching and language acquisition could shape teaching practices that limit or afford opportunities for CLD students to participate in school science. We offer implications for science teacher education programs in Korea focused on enhancing diversity and content specific strategies for supporting language learning.
Finding maximal cliques in massive networks

Maximal clique enumeration is a fundamental problem in graph theory and has important applications in many areas such as social network analysis and bioinformatics. The problem is extensively studied; however, the best existing algorithms require memory space linear in the size of the input graph. This has become a serious concern in view of the massive volume of today's fast-growing networks. We propose a general framework for designing external-memory algorithms for maximal clique enumeration in large graphs. The general framework enables maximal clique enumeration to be processed recursively in small subgraphs of the input graph, thus allowing in-memory computation of maximal cliques without the costly random disk access. We prove that the set of cliques obtained by the recursive local computation is both correct (i.e., globally maximal) and complete. The subgraph to be processed each time is defined based on a set of base vertices that can be flexibly chosen to achieve different purposes. We discuss the selection of the base vertices to fully utilize the available memory in order to minimize I/O cost in static graphs, and for update maintenance in dynamic graphs. We also apply our framework to design an external-memory algorithm for maximum clique computation in a large graph.
Charge Collection Mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN MOS High Electron Mobility Transistors

Charge collection mechanisms in AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs are investigated. Device types include those with no gate oxide, and those with HfO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate oxides. Simultaneous charge collection is observed at the gate and the drain or the source, depending on strike location. Heavy ion data coupled with device simulations show that the introduction of a thin HfO<sub>2</sub> layer in the gate stack introduces only a small valence band barrier, reducing but not preventing collection of holes at the gate in HfO<sub>2</sub>-gate devices. Furthermore, using Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gate oxide increases the valence band barrier over that of the HfO<sub>2</sub>, to the point where the radiation-induced transient is not detectable.
Impacto del Capital Intelectual en la Competitividad de las Pequeñas y Medianas Industrias Manufactureras de Morelia, Michoacán

Esta investigacion cientifica es de tipo cuantitativo, con analisis correlacional entre las variables y de corte transversal, cuyo objetivo es conocer y analizar de que manera incide el capital intelectual en la competitividad de las pequenas y medianas empresas (PyMES) de la industria manufacturera de la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacan. Los resultados del presente estudio permitieron efectuar un analisis cualitativo-descriptivo. Se aplico un cuestionario con escala tipo Likert a los Directores Generales/Gerentes de una muestra aleatoria simple, de estas empresas, con un nivel de confianza del 95%.
Issues of Online Distance Education: Learning Motivation of Current and Prospective School Teachers

In this work, LM in three categories of students – motivated, unmotivated and overmotivated – was explored. Fifty graduate students, which were current and prospective school teachers and took the author’s online psychology courses in 2012-2013, participated in the study. The research methodology included developing the rules of coding students’ course work, designing the 100scale of LM for representing their individual as well as collective data, and collecting info about students’ academic achievement in this course. According to the results, students’ LM has two coexisting components – pragmatic (grade-oriented) and cognitive (knowledge-oriented). Three mentioned categories of students differ in quantity as well as quality of their LM. Further analysis showed that a) motivated students constituted a majority 74% of the population; they were rather pragmatically than cognitively oriented learners, b) unmotivated (problem) students, whose even pragmatic motivation was very low, represented 18.5% of the population, and c) overmotivated (enthusiastic) individuals that is, curious, and eager to get knowledge without being encouraged or rewarded, constituted the smallest part 7.5% of the total population. Considering these results in a wider socio-cultural context, the author suggests that prevalence of pragmatically motivated students among current and prospective school teachers, the shortage of enthusiastic learners and growth of problem learners can be possible significant causes affecting quality of the modern US primary school education.
Power Allocation in MISO Channel With Co-Ordinate Interleaving Technique

This paper addresses the issue of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in multiple-input and single-output systems with a number of power allocation schemes. We propose a constellation-based power allocation scheme that is capable of achieving a lower PAPR when compared to the optimal power allocation scheme. Although this method of power allocation improves the PAPR performance, there is a slight degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. However, the degradation in BER performance can be compensated through the use of co-ordinate interleaving technique. We also propose a constrained-optimal power allocation scheme with which it is possible to control the PAPR
An Architecture for Community Clouds Using Concepts of the Intercloud

When cooperating enterprises want to build a community cloud and don't want to burden only a single partner with the provisioning of the cloud infrastructure, they need an architecture that combines the cloud resources from different sites to form a single community cloud. While the idea is similar to grid computing the control over how the resources are used does not stay with the site, but is transferred to the user. Assuming that the IT infrastructures of the enterprises at least partly evolve towards a private cloud, the challenges we face become similar to those posed by the Intercloud. The architecture we present in this paper shows how clouds from different administrative domains can be linked together in a secure way. We also present a policy mechanism that allows users to control how their applications are distributed among the distributed architecture. This way it is possible to scale out parts of a distributed application, while other sensitive parts remain in the local cloud.
CelI, a Noncellulosomal Family 9 Enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum, Is a Processive Endoglucanase That Degrades Crystalline Cellulose

ABSTRACT The family 9 cellulase gene celI of Clostridium thermocellum, was previously cloned, expressed, and characterized (G. P. Hazlewood, K. Davidson, J. I. Laurie, N. S. Huskisson, and H. J. Gilbert, J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:307-316, 1993). We have recloned and sequenced the entire celI gene and found that the published sequence contained a 53-bp deletion that generated a frameshift mutation, resulting in a truncated and modified C-terminal segment of the protein. The enzymatic properties of the wild-type protein were characterized and found to conform to those of other family 9 glycoside hydrolases with a so-called theme B architecture, where the catalytic module is fused to a family 3c carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3c); CelI also contains a C-terminal CBM3b. The intact recombinant CelI exhibited high levels of activity on all cellulosic substrates tested, with pH and temperature optima of 5.5 and 70°C, respectively, using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate. Native CelI was capable of solubilizing filter paper, and the distribution of reducing sugar between the soluble and insoluble fractions suggests that the enzyme acts as a processive cellulase. A truncated form of the enzyme, lacking the C terminal CBM3b, failed to bind to crystalline cellulose and displayed reduced activity toward insoluble substrates. A truncated form of the enzyme, in which both the cellulose-binding CBM3b and the fused CBM3c were removed, failed to exhibit significant levels of activity on any of the substrates examined. This study underscores the general nature of this type of enzymatic theme, whereby the fused CBM3c plays a critical accessory role for the family 9 catalytic domain and changes its character to facilitate processive cleavage of recalcitrant cellulose substrates.
Relationship between Addiction Relapse and Self-Efficacy Rates in Injection Drug Users Referred to Maintenance Therapy Center of Sari, 1391

Background and Purpose: Self-efficacy is the belief that one has the ability to implement the behaviors needed to produce a desired effect. There has been growing interest in the role of self-efficacy as a predictor and/or mediator of treatment outcome in number of domains. In numerous studies of substance abuse treatment, self-efficacy has emerged as an important predictor of outcome, or as a mediator of treatment effects. In the event of a slip, highly self-efficacious persons are inclined to regard the slip as a temporary setback and to reinstate control, whereas those who have low self-efficacy are more likely to proceed to a full-blown relapse. This study was carried out to determine relationship between relapse and self-efficacy and other factors in injected drug users. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study in 200 addicts in the center of counseling behavioral disease in health center of sari city (methadone maintenance therapy center or MMTC). A cross-sectional study was carried out on all of these addicts. Results: The average age in addictions was38 and its range was 20-60.72%of them were married and the first drug used was opium. All of them had relapse at least one time. We found a relationship between relapse and self-efficacy as well as the relationship between self-efficacy with the age of the first of drug use, dose, and procrastination for treatment, marriage, employment and job was significant. Conclusion: This study found that there was a significant difference between relapse and self-efficacy as well as other related factors. It is important to include drug users and common society organizations representing them in every stage of the governmental policy and program development process to make them responsive to the needs of the community.