Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low CD4 Count Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Fragility Fracture in HIV-Infected Patients

Background:Low bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients is an increasingly recognized clinical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for development of low trauma or fragility fractures in an HIV-infected population. Methods:A 1:2 matched case-control study was performed of HIV-infected patients attending the Alfred Hospital between 1998 and 2009. Controls were matched on gender, age, and duration of HIV infection. Results:The overall fracture incidence rate was 0.53 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43 to 0.65] and period prevalence of 3.34 per 100 patients (95% CI: 2.66 to 4.13). There were 73 low trauma fractures in 61 patients. Patients were predominantly male (89%) with a mean age of 49.8 years. Independent risk factors for fragility fracture were a CD4 cell count <200 cells per microliter odds ratio (OR): 4.91 (95% CI: 1.78 to 13.57, P = 0.002), corticosteroids OR: 8.96 (95% CI: 1.55 to 51.88, P = 0.014) and anti-epileptic medications OR: 8.88 (95% CI: 1.75 to 44.97, P = 0.008). There were no significant associations between HIV viremia (P = 0.18), use of or class of antiretroviral medication, and risk of fracture. Eighty-eight percent of patients with fracture had established osteopenia or osteoporosis. Conclusion:This is the largest clinical study to date of fragility fractures occurring in an HIV-infected population. The study found that risk of fracture was strongly associated with a low CD4 cell count, use of corticosteroids, and anti-epileptic medications. There were no associations between fracture risk and viral load, use of class, or duration of antiretroviral agent.
Suicide and mortality patterns in anxiety neurosis and depressive neurosis.

BACKGROUND The diverging views on suicide risk in patients with morbid anxiety called for a sufficiently large study to estimate the suicide risk in patients with anxiety neurosis and depressive neurosis. METHODS The identities of all 9912 patients with anxiety neurosis and all 38,529 patients with depressive neurosis in the national Psychiatric Case Register in Sweden between 1973 and 1983, without any other psychiatric diagnoses, were matched with the national Cause-of-Death Register. The observed causes of death among the 9910 patients who died in 1990 or earlier were compared with those expected in the general population. RESULTS There were 1481 determined and 265 undetermined suicides among the patients; ie, 18% of all deaths. The standardized mortality ratio of suicide before the age of 45 years among men and women with anxiety neurosis was 6.7 and 4.9, respectively; for depressive neurosis, 12.6 and 15.7, respectively. The suicide risk was much higher within 3 months of leaving the hospital. Standardized mortality ratios of death caused by ischemic heart disease and traumatic injury were marginally elevated among men in both diagnostic groups. Women in both categories were at increased risk for death caused by alcohol abuse and cirrhosis of the liver. Obstructive pulmonary disease was another notable cause of death, reflecting the aggravation of anxiety-depressive symptoms by airway obstruction or the effects of tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS The risk of completed suicide among former inpatients with primary anxiety neurosis was higher than in previous, smaller studies and higher yet in patients with depressive neurosis. This hazard may hopefully be reduced by optimizing immediate and long-term treatment for the severely affected.
Atherogenic Risk Factors and Hearing Thresholds

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of atherogenic risk factors on hearing thresholds. In a cross-sectional study we analyzed data from a Danish survey in 2009-2010 on physical and psychological working conditions. The study included 576 white- and blue-collar workers from children's day care units, financial services and 10 manufacturing trades. Associations between atherogenic risk factors (blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), and ambulatory blood pressure) and hearing thresholds were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Adjusted results suggested associations between smoking, high BMI and triglyceride level and low high-density lipoprotein level and increased low-frequency hearing thresholds (average of pure-tone hearing thresholds at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kHz). Furthermore, an increasing load of atherogenic risk factors seemed associated with increased low-frequency hearing thresholds, but only at a borderline level of statistical significance. Associations were generally strongest with hearing levels of the worst hearing ear. We found no statistically significant associations between atherogenic risk factors and high-frequency hearing thresholds (average of pure-tone hearing thresholds at 4, 6 and 8 kHz).
Axial structure of the nucleon

We review the current status of experimental and theoretical understanding of the axial nucleon structure at low and moderate energies. Topics considered include (quasi)elastic (anti)neutrino–nucleon scattering, charged pion electroproduction off nucleons and ordinary as well as radiative muon capture on the proton.
Talon Cusp Type I: Restorative Management

The teeth are formed during intrauterine life (i.e., gestation) during the odontogenesis stage. During this period, the teeth move until they enter the oral cavity. This course covers various stages of dental development, namely, initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation, morphodifferentiation, and apposition. The talon cusp is an anomaly that occurs during morphodifferentiation, and this anomaly may have numerous adverse clinical effects on oral health. The objective of this study was to report a case of “Talon Cusp Type I” and to discuss diagnostic methods, treatment options for this anomaly, and the importance of knowledge of this morphological change among dental professionals so that it is not confused with other morphological changes; such knowledge is required to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures, to perform treatments that prevent caries and malocclusions as well as enhancing aesthetics, and to improve the oral health and quality of life of the patient.
The Time Course of Perceptual Learning

Two groups of participants were trained to perceive an ambiguous sound [s/f] as either /s/ or /f/ based on lexical bias: One group heard the ambiguous fricative in /s/-final words, the other in /f/-final words. This kind of exposure leads to a recalibration of the /s/-/f/ contrast [e.g., 4]. In order to investigate when and how this recalibration emerges, test trials were interspersed among training and filler trials. The learning effect needed at least 10 clear training items to arise. Its emergence seemed to occur in a rather step-wise fashion. Learning did not improve much after it first appeared. It is likely, however, that the early test trials attracted participants' attention and therefore may have interfered with the learning process.
3D Tracking via Shoe Sensing

Most location-based services are based on a global positioning system (GPS), which only works well in outdoor environments. Compared to outdoor environments, indoor localization has created more buzz in recent years as people spent most of their time indoors working at offices and shopping at malls, etc. Existing solutions mainly rely on inertial sensors (i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope) embedded in mobile devices, which are usually not accurate enough to be useful due to the mobile devices’ random movements while people are walking. In this paper, we propose the use of shoe sensing (i.e., sensors attached to shoes) to achieve 3D indoor positioning. Specifically, a short-time energy-based approach is used to extract the gait pattern. Moreover, in order to improve the accuracy of vertical distance estimation while the person is climbing upstairs, a state classification is designed to distinguish the walking status including plane motion (i.e., normal walking and jogging horizontally), walking upstairs, and walking downstairs. Furthermore, we also provide a mechanism to reduce the vertical distance accumulation error. Experimental results show that we can achieve nearly 100% accuracy when extracting gait patterns from walking/jogging with a low-cost shoe sensor, and can also achieve 3D indoor real-time positioning with high accuracy.
Job, Family and Individual Factors as Predictors of Work-Family Conflict

The growing interest in understanding fully the interface of work and family roles and their antecedents has stimulated the development of a predictive model of work-family conflict. A model is developed on predictors of work-family conflict which suggests that the predictors could be job-related (job type, work time commitment, job involvement, role overload, job flexibility), family-related (number of children, life-cycle stage, family involvement, child care arrangements) and individual-related (life role values, gender role orientation, locus of control, perfectionism). This present model is based on the stress-strain model (Dunham, 1984) whereby the predictors are referred to as stressors, and the conflict as strain.
Circulating trimethylamine N‐oxide and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies

Circulating trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), a canonical metabolite from gut flora, has been related to the risk of cardiovascular disorders. However, the association between circulating TMAO and the risk of cardiovascular events has not been quantitatively evaluated. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all available cohort studies regarding the association between baseline circulating TMAO and subsequent cardiovascular events. Embase and PubMed databases were searched for relevant cohort studies. The overall hazard ratios for the developing of cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality were extracted. Heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated with Cochran's Q Test and I2 statistics. A random‐effect model or a fixed‐effect model was applied depending on the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were used to evaluate the source of heterogeneity. Among the 11 eligible studies, three reported both CVE and mortality outcome, one reported only CVEs and the other seven provided mortality data only. Higher circulating TMAO was associated with a 23% higher risk of CVEs (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07–1.42, I2 = 31.4%) and a 55% higher risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.19–2.02, I2 = 80.8%). Notably, the latter association may be blunted by potential publication bias, although sensitivity analysis by omitting one study at a time did not significantly change the results. Further subgroup analysis and meta‐regression did not support that the location of the study, follow‐up duration, publication year, population characteristics or the samples of TMAO affect the results significantly. Higher circulating TMAO may independently predict the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and mortality.
Hydroxyldaunomycin (adriamycin) combination chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma

Combination chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vin‐cristine, and prednisone) and HOP (Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) was used as treatment for patients with pathologically staged, advanced non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among 204 evaluable patients treated on CHOP there were 71% complete remissions with 92% overall responses. Among the 216 evaluable patients on HOP there were 61% complete remissions and 88% responses. Complete remission rates among patients with histiocytic lymphoma were comparable to those of patients with lymphocytic disease. Patients with nodular lymphoma had higher rates of complete remission than their counterparts with diffuse lymphoma. This was noted with both CHOP (78% vs. 67%) and HOP (67% vs. 60%) induction therapy. Rapid responses were common, as more than 14% of complete remissions and 66% of overall responses were achieved with the first course of treatment. Patients in complete remission have been maintained with either cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (COP) or arabinosyl cytosine, vincristine, and prednisone (OAP). After 1 year, 86% of patients on COP and 80% on OAP are projected to be free of disease.
To Aggregate or Not to aggregate: Selective Match Kernels for Image Search

This paper considers a family of metrics to compare images based on their local descriptors. It encompasses the VLAD descriptor and matching techniques such as Hamming Embedding. Making the bridge between these approaches leads us to propose a match kernel that takes the best of existing techniques by combining an aggregation procedure with a selective match kernel. Finally, the representation underpinning this kernel is approximated, providing a large scale image search both precise and scalable, as shown by our experiments on several benchmarks.
Linear growth rates of types I and II convective modes within the rotating-cone boundary layer

Experimental observations have shown that the transition characteristics of the boundary-layer flow over rotating cones depends on the cone half-angle. In particular, pairs of counter-rotating Görtler-type vortices are observed over cones with slender half-angles and co-rotating vortices are observed over broad cones. Garrett et al (2009 J. Fluid Mech. 622 209–32) have hypothesized the existence of a centrifugal instability mode over slender cones that is more dangerous than the types I (crossflow) and II (streamline curvature) modes which dominate over rotating disks and broad cones. Work is currently underway to clarify this alternative mode; however, a clear understanding of the growth rates of types I and II modes is crucial to the ultimate understanding of how the dominant mode changes with half-angle. In this paper, we demonstrate that the maximum growth rate for types I and II modes decreases with reduced half-angle, which clears the way for the dominance of the alternative instability mode. Furthermore, it is suggested that vortices travelling at 75% of the cone surface speed will be selected over smooth, clean rotating cones with half-angle such that the type I mode is dominant. Interestingly, this vortex speed has been experimentally observed by Kobayashi and Arai within the rotating-sphere boundary layer.
Development and Validation of a Teacher Report Measure for Assessing Social-Emotional Strengths of Children and Adolescents

Abstract. This study details development and validation efforts for a new strength-based assessment instrument: the Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales, Teacher rating form (SEARS-T). A large and diverse nationwide sample of more than 1,500 teacher ratings of students in kindergarten through Grade 12 was obtained. Factor-analytic procedures revealed a robust four-factor structure. The factor scores and total score of the SEARS-T were shown to have strong internal consistency. Convergent construct validity of the SEARS-T was established through findings of significant correlations with two established strength-based rating scales. Construct validity was supported through findings of significant gender and special education classification status differences in scores. Limitations and future research needs are discussed, as are implications for research and practice in school settings.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Ischemic Distal Limb Necrosis Associated with Enteric Salmonellosis in a Foal

A 5-month-old mixed-breed filly presented with diarrhea due to Salmonella typhimurium infection and subsequently developed pneumonia in addition to ischemic necrosis of distal limbs. Pulmonary lesions were characterized by numerous discrete, disseminated pyogranulomas with intralesional fungal hyphae. The morphologic characteristics of fungal hyphae were consistent with Aspergillus spp. , and large numbers of A fumigatus were isolated from lung tissue via fungal culture. Lesions in all 4 limbs were similar in distribution, duration, and severity and were characterized by coagulation necrosis accompanied by occasional thrombi in small vessels without evidence of thrombosis of larger limb arteries. Thus, limb lesions are consistent with symmetrical peripheral gangrene, a potential complication of sepsis.
Restoration of Primary Mandibular Molar, With or Without Injection?

Aim: Managing a child in a dental office requires especial skill and expertism for performing a procedure. This becomes more crucial if “injection” is a part of the procedure. The present study evaluates the success rate of Class I restoration of primary mandibular second molar when with no injection. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical trial study was performed on thirty healthy children with the age range of 3-8 years. The children were selected with Class I carious lesions in both right and left mandibular second primary molars. Restorations were done without injection in one quadrant and with injection in the other side of the mandible, totally 60 restorations. The children were evaluated based upon Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale. Results: No statement of pain, verbal complaint, body and hand, or eye movement was recorded during the treatment procedure in children of either group of study. The success rate of class I restoration in both groups of study was 100% in both treatment modalities. Conclusions: According to the result of this study, restoration of Class I carious lesions of primary teeth can be performed with no injection. This treatment modality would benefit the child for no post-injection complication and the practitioner for less stress, resulting in easier behaviour management.
Prediction of novel interface-driven spintronic effects

The recently proposed coupling between the angular momentum density and magnetic moment (Raeliarijaona et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 137205) is shown here to result in the prediction of (i) novel spin currents generated by an electrical current and (ii) new electrical currents induced by a spin current in systems possessing specific interfaces between two different materials. Some of these spin (electrical) currents can be reversed near the interface by reversing the applied electrical (spin) current. Similarities and differences between these novel spintronic effects and the well-known spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects are also discussed.
Performance-limiting Defects in CdZnTe Detectors

We studied the effects of small, <20 mum, Te inclusions on the energy resolution of CdZnTe gamma-ray detectors using a highly collimated X-ray beam and gamma-rays, and modeled them via a simplified geometrical approach. Previous reports demonstrated that Te inclusions of about a few microns in diameter degraded the charge-transport properties and uniformity of CdZnTe detectors. The goal of this work was to understand the extent to which randomly distributed Te-rich inclusions affect the energy resolution of CZT detectors, and to define new steps to overcome their deleterious effects. We used a phenomenological model, which depends on several adjustable parameters, to reproduce the experimentally measured effects of inclusions on energy resolution. We also were able to bound the materials-related problem and predict the enhancement in performance expected by reducing the size and number of Te inclusions within the crystals.
KINEMATICS IN KAPTEYN'S SELECTED AREA 76: ORBITAL MOTIONS WITHIN THE HIGHLY SUBSTRUCTURED ANTICENTER STREAM

We have measured the mean three-dimensional kinematics of stars in Kapteyn's Selected Area (SA) 76 (l = 209.°3, b = 26.°4) that were selected to be Anticenter Stream (ACS) members on the basis of their radial velocities (RVs), proper motions (PMs), and location in the color–magnitude diagram. From a total of 31 stars ascertained to be ACS members primarily from its main-sequence turnoff, a mean ACS RV (derived from spectra obtained with the Hydra multi-object spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope) of Vhelio = 97.0 ± 2.8 km s−1 was determined, with an intrinsic velocity dispersion σo = 12.8 ± 2.1 km s−1. The mean absolute PMs of these 31 ACS members are μα cos δ = −1.20 ± 0.34 mas yr−1 and μδ = −0.78 ± 0.36 mas yr−1. At a distance to the ACS of 10 ± 3 kpc, these measured kinematical quantities produce an orbit that deviates by ∼30° from the well-defined swath of stellar overdensity constituting the ACS in the western portion of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint. We explore possible explanations for this and suggest that our data in SA 76 are measuring the motion of a kinematically cold sub-stream among the ACS debris that was likely a fragment of the same infalling structure that created the larger ACS system. The ACS is clearly separated spatially from the majority of claimed Monoceros ring detections in this region of the sky; however, with the data in hand, we are unable to either confirm or rule out an association between the ACS and the poorly understood Monoceros structure.
Better Approximation Bounds for the Joint Replenishment Problem

The Joint Replenishment Problem (JRP) deals with optimizing shipments of goods from a supplier to retailers through a shared warehouse. Each shipment involves transporting goods from the supplier to the warehouse, at a fixed cost C, followed by a redistribution of these goods from the warehouse to the retailers that ordered them, where transporting goods to a retailer ρ has a fixed cost cρ. In addition, we incur waiting costs for each order, possibly an arbitrary non-decreasing function of time, different for each order. The objective is to minimize the overall cost of satisfying all orders, namely the sum of all shipping and waiting costs. JRP has been well studied in Operations Research and, more recently, in the area of approximation algorithms. For arbitrary waiting cost functions, the best known approximation ratio is 1.8. This ratio can be reduced to a 1.574 for the JRP-D model, where there is no cost for waiting but orders have deadlines. As for hardness results, it is known that the problem is APX-hard and that the natural linear program for JRP has integrality gap at least 1.245. Both results hold even for JRP-D. In the online scenario, the best lower and upper bounds on the competitive ratio are 2.64 and 3, respectively. The lower bound of 2.64 applies even to the restricted version of JRP, denoted JRP-L, where the waiting cost function is linear. We provide several new approximation results for JRP. In the offline case, we give an algorithm with ratio a 1.791, breaking the barrier of 1.8. We also show that the integrality gap of the linear program for JRP-L is at least 12/11 a 1.09. In the online case, we show a lower bound of a 2.754 on the competitive ratio for JRP-L (and thus JRP as well), improving the previous bound of 2.64. We also study the online version of JRP-D, for which we prove that the optimal competitive ratio is 2.
Torque ripple minimization of doubly salient permanent-magnet motors

Due to the nature of salient poles in both the stator and rotor, the doubly salient permanent-magnet (DSPM) motor suffers from severe torque ripples. In this paper, the torque ripple of DSPM motors is analyzed, and the torque ripple factor is newly derived. A new approach, namely the conduction angle control, is proposed to minimize the torque ripple. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the corresponding control angles. Computer simulation and experimental results are given to verify the proposed approach.