Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Methods for Ethnography: Analytical Concepts for Ethnographers Exploring Social Media Environments

The aim of this article is to introduce some analytical concepts suitable for ethnographers dealing with social media environments. As a result of the growth of social media, the Internet structure has become a very complex, fluid, and fragmented space. Within this space, it is not always possible to consider the “classical” online community as the privileged field site for the ethnographer, in which s/he immerses him/herself. Differently, taking inspiration from some methodological principles of the Digital Methods paradigm, I suggest that the main task for the ethnographer moving across social media environments should not be exclusively that of identifying an online community to delve into but of mapping the practices through which Internet users and digital devices structure social formations around a focal object (e.g., a brand). In order to support the ethnographer in the mapping of social formations within social media environments, I propose five analytical concepts: community, public, crowd, self-presentation as a tool, and user as a device.
Subjective Risk Tolerance and Numeracy Skills: A Study in Brazil

This study is an attempt to identify the influence of numeracy skills on subjective risk tolerance in a group of Brazilian university students (n=308). The primary findings describe a sample with a high level of numeracy skills and medium risk tolerance. It was observed that higher levels of numeracy skills do not correspond to a greater risk tolerance, probably because numeracy skills make people more cautious by giving them insight into the true risks to which they would be exposing themselves. This result was reinforced by a logistic regression analysis, which indicated that lower levels of numeracy were linked with greater predisposition to risk. Also, additional findings were that women had a lower risk tolerance, irrespective of numeracy skills, and that the exposition to financial education courses did not impact on risk behavior.
In Vitro and In Vivo Differences in Murine Third Complement Component (C3) Opsonization and Macrophage/Leukocyte Responses to Antibody-Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoworms

Balancing surface functionalization and low immune recognition of nanomedicines is a major challenge. Opsonization with the third component of the complement protein (C3) plays a major role in immune cell recognition of nanomedicines. We used dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoworms (SPIO NWs) to study the effect of surface functionalization on C3 opsonization in mouse serum and subsequent macrophage/leukocyte recognition in vitro as well as on intravenous injection into mice. Previously, we found that in mouse serum, SPIO NWs became opsonized with C3 via complement lectin pathway. Crosslinking the dextran shell with epichlorohydrin significantly decreased C3 opsonization and uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Crosslinked nanoworms (NWs) further functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or with PEG-antibody (Ab) (~160 IgG molecules/particle) did not show an increase in C3 opsonization and peritoneal macrophage uptake in vitro. Following tail vein injection into mice, plain crosslinked NWs and PEGylated crosslinked NWs showed very low C3 opsonization and mouse leukocyte uptake. However, Ab-decorated crosslinked NWs showed significant C3 opsonization and high level of complement-dependent uptake by leukocytes in mice. Decreasing the number of conjugated Abs to 46 IgG molecules/particle significantly reduced C3 opsonization and leukocyte uptake. Using fresh mouse lepirudin plasma rather than serum showed better correlation with C3 opsonization in vivo. The reason for this difference could be related to the known instability of complement classical pathway in mouse sera. Our data illustrate that fine-tuning in nanoparticle surface functionalization with Abs is required to avoid excessive complement activation and complement-mediated immune uptake in mice, and raise issues with in vitro immunological assays of nanomedicines intended to mimic in vivo conditions.
Curvaton dynamics and the non-linearity parameters in the curvaton model

We investigate the curvaton dynamics and the non-linearity parameters in the curvaton model with a potential slightly deviating from the quadratic form in detail. The non-linearity parameter gNL will show up due to the curvaton self-interaction. We also point out that the leading order of the non-quadratic term in the curvaton potential can be negative, for example in the axion-type curvaton model. If a large positive gNL is detected, the axion-type curvaton model will be preferred.
Taxing capital is not a bad idea indeed: the role of human capital and labor-market frictions

In a second-best optimal growth setup with only factor taxes as available instruments, is it optimal to fully replace capital by labor income taxation? The answer is generally positive based on Chamley, Judd, Lucas, and many follow-up studies. In the present paper, we revisit this important tax reform-related issue by developing a human capital- based endogenous growth framework with frictional labor search and matching. We allow each firm to create multiple vacancies and each worker to determine labor market participation and search intensity endogenously. We consider a benevolent fiscal authority to finance direct transfers to households and unemployment compensation only by factor taxes. We then conduct dynamic tax incidence exercises using a model calibrated to the U.S. economy with a pre-existing 20% flat tax on both capital and labor income. Our numerical results suggest that, due to a dominant channel via the interactions between the firm's vacancy creation and the worker's market participation, it is optimal to switch partly from labor to capital taxation in a benchmark economy with a Lucas (1988)-type human capital accumulation process, independent of physical capital. In a general two-sector model as in Bond, Wang and Yip (1996) where the accumulation of either capital is influenced by both capital stocks, it is optimal to switch partly from capital to labor taxation, even though it is never optimal to completely eliminate capital taxation by taxing labor income only. Such tax reforms based on our recommendations are found to generate nonnegligible welfare gains in consumption equivalence ranging from 0.15% to 0.24%.
Dynamics of Voting Propensity

This paper aims to deliver experimental evidence on the dispute between two behavioral models of electoral turnout. Both models share the idea that the subjects’ voting propensities are updated from their past propensities, aspirations, and realized payoffs. However, they differ in the exact specification of the feedback mechanism. The first model has a strong feedback mechanism toward 50 percent, while the other has only moderate feedback. This difference leads to two distinct distributions of voter types: the first model generates more casual voters who vote and abstain from time to time. The latter generates more habitual voting behavior. Thus far, the latter model seemed to be better supported empirically because survey data reveal more habitual voters and abstainers than casual voters. Given that the two models differ in their propensity updating mechanism in dynamic processes, a more direct test of their assumptions as well as implications with survey data is still pending. We designed a laboratory experiment in which subjects repeatedly make turnout and voting decisions. The result from experimental data is mixed, but more supportive of the second model with habitual voters and abstainers.
Synaptic differentiation of a single motor neuron: conjoint definition of transmitter release, presynaptic calcium signals, and ultrastructure

The opener muscle in the walking legs of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is innervated by only one excitatory motor neuron, yet excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of proximal fibers are eightfold larger than those of central muscle fibers at low frequencies of activation, due in large measure to differences in presynaptic properties. We investigated quantal release properties, calcium signals, and ultrastructure of presynaptic terminals to elucidate factors that could account for the physiological differences. Focal macropatch electrodes were placed over individual visualized terminal varicosities to obtain records of quantal contributions to the excitatory junctional current (EJC). At low frequencies of activation, mean quantal content is greater for proximal than for central varicosities. This difference is due to a higher probability of release per synapse, and not to a larger number of active synapses. Recorded varicosities were labeled with fluorescent beads deposited by the electrode. These beads adhered to the muscle fibers, outlining the recorded site for subsequent serial thin sectioning and reconstruction from electron micrographs. Comparisons of structure and function were made for individual varicosities. The number of active zones per terminal surface area and the number of synapses with multiple active zones (complex synapses) were greater in high-output varicosities. Calcium indicators were loaded into proximal and central nerve terminals by axonal injection to compare the relative differences in calcium buildup during stimulation. Presynaptic calcium signals were larger for proximal varicosities than for central varicosities.
Pengaruh Kemampuan, Motivasi dan Komitmen terhadap Kinerja Pegawai

The demands on the performance of employees to work professionally, honestly and justly so obvious, clear, hard and firm. Increased employee performance requires the factors that affect, among others, the ability, motivation, and commitment. This study aims to determine the effect of work ability, motivation and organizational commitment to employee performance. In this study took a sample of 100 employees. The analytical method used to answer the hypothesis is by using path analysis. The research results indicate that the ability (X1) has a direct influence by 14.30%, the indirect influence through its relationship with the motivation (X2) amounted to 10.36%, indirect effect through Commitment (X3) at 2.44% and the total effect amounted to 27.10%. Variable Motivation (X2) has a direct influence by 22.56%, the indirect influence through its relationship with the ability (X1) of 10.36%, and the indirect influence through Commitment variable (X3) of 2.31%, so that the total effect of 35.20%. Variable Commitment (X3) have direct influence by 2.95%, while the indirect effect through its relationship with the ability (X1) of 2.44%, and the indirect influence through Motivation (X2) is 2.31%, so that the total effect of 7.70%. The coefficient of determination calculation results are expressed as a percentage portray the contribution of all the independent variables are Capabilities (X1), motivation (X2), and commitment (X3) in determining variation Employee Performance (Y) is approximately 70.03%. While the rest are other factors not examined in this study.
Assessment, support and care-taking: gerontological social work practices and knowledge

Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify, analyse and interpret key practices and knowledge in gerontological social work. This article explores social work practices and knowledge in the context of gerontological rehabilitation using data gathered through thematic and dialogical interviews with seven social workers. In those interviews, social workers described their daily work with older adults. Using frame analysis, the data revealed assessment, support and care-taking frames which included many practices. The social work knowledge consist of factual, theoretical, procedural and practical and personal knowledge. Furthermore, clients’ personal knowledge is essential in social work practices of every kind. The study findings identify the importance of support and care-taking practices in gerontological rehabilitation, as well as a need for extensive social work knowledge.
Search behaviour on photo sharing platforms

The behaviour, goals, and intentions of users while searching for images in large scale online collections are not well understood, with image search log analysis providing limited insights, in part because they tend only to have access to user search and result click information. In this paper we study user search behaviour in a large photo-sharing platform, analyzing all user actions during search sessions (i.e. including post result-click pageviews). Search accounts for a significant part of user interactions with such platforms, and we show differences between the queries issued on such platforms and those on general image search. We show that search behaviour is influenced by the query type, and also depends on the user. Finally, we analyse how users behave when they reformulate their queries, and develop URL class prediction models for image search, showing that query-specific models significantly outperform query-agnostic models. The insights provided in this paper are intended as a launching point for the design of better interfaces and ranking models for image search.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB PERNIKAHAN DINI DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI PELAKUNYA

This article focuses on factors and impacts of child marriage from the perspective of sociology and psychology. Using descriptive qualitative analysis, this article attempts to address the problem in-deep. The Article 7 of Law No 1 Year 1974 states that the minimum age for marriage is 19 for male and 16 for female, thus child marriage is basically illegal. Child marriage is mostly bring negative impact for female such as premature aging syndrome due to her role as wife and mother.
Individual differences in migratory behavior shape population genetic structure and microhabitat choice in sympatric blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla)

In migratory birds, traits such as orientation and distance are known to have a strong genetic background, and they often exhibit considerable within-population variation. How this variation relates to evolutionary responses to ongoing selection is unknown because the underlying mechanisms that translate environmental changes into population genetic changes are unclear. We show that within-population genetic structure in southern German blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) is related to individual differences in migratory behavior. Our 3-year study revealed a positive correlation between individual migratory origins, denoted via isotope (δ2H) values, and genetic distances. Genetic diversity and admixture differed not only across a recently established migratory polymorphism with NW- and SW-migrating birds but also across δ2H clusters within the same migratory route. Our results suggest assortment based on individual migratory origins which would facilitate evolutionary responses. We scrutinized arrival times and microhabitat choice as potential mechanisms mediating between individual variation in migratory behavior and assortment. We found significant support that microhabitat choice, rather than timing of arrival, is associated with individual variation in migratory origins. Moreover, examining genetic diversity across the migratory divide, we found migrants following the NW route to be genetically more distinct from each other compared with migrants following the traditional SW route. Our study suggests that migratory behavior shapes population genetic structure in blackcaps not only across the migratory divide but also on an individual level independent of the divide. Thus, within-population variation in migratory behavior might play an important role in translating environmental change into genetic change.
Daily peritoneal ultrafiltration predicts patient and technique survival in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Maintenance dialysis therapy is the only way to remove excess fluid in patients with anuric end-stage renal disease. The optimal ultrafiltration (UF) volume in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains controversial. METHODS We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 86 prevalent anuric PD patients followed up for a median of 25.3 months (range, 6 to 54 months). Clinical and PD parameters were recorded yearly. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors of mortality and technique failure in patients with a UF >/=1 L/24 h or <1 L/24 h. RESULTS When compared to those with a UF <1 L/24 h, patients with a UF >/=1 L/24 h had significantly higher haemoglobin levels (101.9 +/- 20.5 vs 89.3 +/- 20.2 g/L, P < 0.05) and tended to be younger (55.0 +/- 12.5 vs 60.6 +/- 16.1 years, P = 0.10). Also, while Kt/V and CCr were stable over time, UF decreased significantly over the study period (baseline, 1205.5 +/- 327.3 ml/24 h vs after 3 years, 870.6 +/- 439.8 ml/24 h; P < 0.001). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with baseline UF <1 L/24 h had significantly worse outcome (survival, 27.2 +/- 3.9 vs 42.4 +/- 1.9 months; P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, time-dependent UF volume and serum albumin were independent predictors of mortality, while UF independently predicted technique failure. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates a strong predictive value of daily peritoneal UF for both technique and patient survival in prevalent anuric PD patients. Identifying markers of satisfactory fluid status, as well as optimizing therapy to meet UF goals, remains an important clinical target.
Sanitation System Legitimacy In Bangladesh

In past decades, an extraordinary amount of effort and resources have been spent to extend basic civil infrastructure such as water, sanitation, and energy systems to developing communities. While the construction of this infrastructure is well intended, recent improved monitoring and evaluation of these projects has called new attention to the problem of unsustainable infrastructure. Specifically, an undocumented but large percentage of systems fall into disrepair or disuse as time passes. Past research into sustainable infrastructure systems has typically focused on environmental/technical or economic sustainability. However, as the onsite technologies typically used in developing regions function well in controlled settings, there is reason to suspect that social forces are instead causing the technology to fail. Unfortunately, we lack research that theorizes the social sustainability of infrastructure systems, understood here as the negotiation of the technology-society nexus. Focusing on onsite household sanitation systems, this project addresses this gap by applying legitimacy theory as a model for the social sustainability of infrastructure. In this project, we seek to understand how legitimacy supports and undermines the sustainability of onsite household wastewater treatment systems. Household interview data from two rural communities in Bangladesh were analyzed in a cross case comparison of communities with and without sustainable sanitation to describe how concepts of legitimacy impact sanitation system sustainability. Data was analyzed at both the household and community level in an embedded research design. While most legitimacy constructs from the academic literature appear at similar relative frequencies in both of our contrasting cases, qualitative analysis reveals that the content of these references vary. These results suggest a number of theoretical propositions that can be evaluated in future projects with the practical goal of enabling construction and engineering professionals to better design and manage sustainable sanitation infrastructure. More practically, we also suggest a change in the technologies currently included in the definition of improved sanitation.
PHYSICAL DISABILITIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

The purpose of the present systematic review was to gather information on the interest of researchers on psychological issues of people with physical disabilities throughout a time period of twenty years (1995-2015). Previous similar reviews were not determined by the literature. For the implementation of their view electronic bases and hand search were used following specific criteria. Search revealed approximately 70.000 studies but only 58 in total covered the set criteria. The findings of the review revealed a limited research interest on psychological issues relevant to people with physical disabilities, with the interest increasing for the period 2006-2010. It was also found that descriptive, cross-sectional and qualitative research designs were preferred with data mainly gathered via questionnaires. Samples were derived from general and sport population (male and female). Finally, psychological issues mainly studies were parts of the self and emotions and less parts of personality and motivation. Article visualizations:
Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from boulder habitats on Cape York Peninsula, north-east Australia

Australia has a highly localised but diverse radiation of microhylid frogs. 18 species are described from north-east Queensland (14 Cophixalus and 4 Austrochaperina), most with highly localised montane distributions. While most species are small (10-25 mm) rainforest species, two differ dramatically in ecology and morphology. Cophixalus saxatilis and C. zweifeli inhabit isolated areas of jumbled boulder-pile habitat and are considerably larger than all other species (30-45 mm). Here we describe two new species of large, boulder dwelling Cophixalus from the Pascoe River region of Cape York Peninsula. Cophixalus kulakula sp. nov. occurs in piled boulder habitat amongst rainforest in the Tozer Range area, while Cophixalus pakayakulangun sp. nov. occurs in similar habitat in the Kennedy Hills region north of the Pascoe River. These are the most northerly sites for Cophixalus in Australia and both occur in rainforest areas not occupied by other species of Cophixalus. Both species are large (snout-vent length > 40 mm) and of similar morphology to the other two boulder-dwelling species. Cophixalus kulakula sp. nov. and C. pakayakulangun sp. nov. differ from each other and from all other described Cophixalus genetically and in aspects of colour pattern and morphology. The call of C. kulakula sp. nov. is also unique, but the call of C. pakayakulangun sp. nov. remains unknown. The two new species are each others closest relatives (albeit with approximately 8% genetic divergence for 12S and 16S mtDNA) and are allied to C. ornatus. The diet of both species consists primarily of ants. Both species have highly localised distributions but are abundant within these and are probably secure.
Modes of Remembering in Patients With Chronic Pain: Relation to Current Pain

The objective of our study was to assess the relation of current pain ratings to observer versus field modes of memory retrieval in patients with chronic pain. Memories from an observer perspective involve seeing oneself in the original event as if from an external point of view; memories from a field perspective involve recalling the event as if viewing it through one's own eyes. Sixty-one patients with chronic pain were asked to (1) recall a painful memory, (2) indicate whether they saw themselves in the memory (observer mode) or re-experienced events of the memory from the first-person perspective (field mode), and (3) rate various phenomenologic properties of the memory. Twenty of these pain patients were also given two frontal lobe tests to examine potential neuropsychologic correlates of memory retrieval preferences. Memory retrieval in the field mode was associated with (a) significantly higher self-reported pain scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire, (b) nonright-handedness, and (c) poorer performance on the tests of frontal function. Patients with chronic pain who adopt the field mode of memory retrieval when recalling painful memories experience greater current pain severity than chronic pain patients who adopt observer retrieval strategies. Those adopting field retrieval strategies may also evidence frontal system neuropsychologic anomalies.