Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What We Talk about When We Talk about Terrorism: Elite Press Coverage of Terrorism Risk from 1997 to 2005

The risk of terrorism in the United States has gained a great deal of attention from researchers, policy makers, the public, and the press. This article focused on how one of these actors—the press—portrayed the risk during an eight-year period centered on the attacks of 9/11. The three goals of this study were to identify the dimensions of terrorism risk that are most likely to increase public perceptions of the danger, describe how these dimensions were portrayed in newspaper content, and explain how these portrayals were associated with other important news topics including the use of military force, the protection of civil liberties, and the image of the Muslim religion.
Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Vertical transmission of HIV can be reduced, however, anti-HIV therapy and proper prenatal care are not always available to all women who need them. The Bay Area Perinatal AIDS Center (BAPAC) in San Francisco has attacked these issues and has reduced the number of vertical transmissions to virtually zero. BAPAC's comprehensive program of educating pregnant women on treatment options, attending to the mother's health, and administering AZT during labor and to the newborns, has led to their tremendous success. It is recommended that HIV positive women avoid breast feeding to reduce the opportunity for HIV transmission. Women need to weigh their options regarding delivery. Ceasarean section, along with the use of AZT, has been shown to reduce HIV transmission, yet the surgery can be risky for the mother. More research is needed on treatment alternatives and the effects of therapy on pregnancy. To meet the Public Health Service Guidelines of providing the best available care to women, more programs like BAPAC should be developed to ensure the health of the mother and thereby reduce the likelihood of transmission to the child. Contact information is provided.
Splitting Arabic Texts into Elementary Discourse Units

In this article, we propose the first work that investigates the feasibility of Arabic discourse segmentation into elementary discourse units within the segmented discourse representation theory framework. We first describe our annotation scheme that defines a set of principles to guide the segmentation process. Two corpora have been annotated according to this scheme: elementary school textbooks and newspaper documents extracted from the syntactically annotated Arabic Treebank. Then, we propose a multiclass supervised learning approach that predicts nested units. Our approach uses a combination of punctuation, morphological, lexical, and shallow syntactic features. We investigate how each feature contributes to the learning process. We show that an extensive morphological analysis is crucial to achieve good results in both corpora. In addition, we show that adding chunks does not boost the performance of our system.
Legitimizing Grief: Challenging Beliefs That Constrain

The author explores the commonly held belief that grief, in response to a significant loss, is a finite, time-limited, and predictable process. Examination of this idea suggests the possibility that this belief creates personal and societal expectations that contribute to increased suffering in the lives of grieving people and renders them subject to diagnostic labels fostering incompetence, failure, and pathology. Alternately, the author offers her assumptions and beliefs about the opportunity of developing a relationship with grief that is potentially lifelong, but livable, and as much filled with comfort and creativity as it is with sorrow. A clinical advanced nursing practice model, as developed and presented by Wright, Watson, and Bell (1996), is explored in relation to working with grieving families and to targeting beliefs about grief that constrain families, nurses, and our cultural ideas and expectations of this life experience. Clinical examples and a clinical exemplar are offered.
Preclinical Development The Clinically Active PARP Inhibitor AG 014699 Ameliorates Cardiotoxicity but Does Not Enhance the Ef fi cacy of Doxorubicin , despite Improving Tumor Perfusion and Radiation Response in Mice

AG014699was thefirst inhibitor of theDNArepair enzymePARP-1 to enter clinical trial in cancerpatients. In addition to enhancing the cytotoxic effect of DNA-damaging chemotherapies, we have previously shown that AG014699 is vasoactive, thereby having the potential to improve drug biodistribution. The effectiveness of the clinical agent doxorubicin is confounded both by poor tumor penetration and cardiotoxicity elicited via PARP hyperactivation. In this study, we analyzed the impact of AG014699 on doxorubicin tolerance and response in breast (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (SW620, LoVo) tumor models in vitro and in vivo. As anticipated, AG014699 did not potentiate the response to doxorubicin in vitro. In vivo, AG014699 did not influence the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin; however, it did ameliorate cardiotoxicity. Both toxicity and extent of amelioration were more pronounced in male than in female mice. AG014699 improved vessel perfusion in both MDA-MB-231 and SW620 tumors; however, this neither led to improved tumor-accumulation of doxorubicin nor enhanced therapeutic response. In contrast, when combined with radiotherapy, AG014699 significantly enhanced response both in vitro and in vivo. Real-time assessment of tumor vessel function and companion histologic studies indicate that doxorubicin causes a profound antivascular effect that counters the positive effect of AG014699 on perfusion. These data indicate that althoughAG014699 can enhance response to some chemotherapeutic drugs via improveddelivery, this does not apply to doxorubicin. PARP inhibitorsmay still be of use to counter doxorubicin toxicity, and if the gender effect translates from rodents to humans, this would have greater effect in males. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2320–9. 2011 AACR.
Fisher Discriminant Analysis With L1-Norm

Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a classical subspace learning technique of extracting discriminative features for pattern recognition problems. The formulation of the Fisher criterion is based on the L2-norm, which makes LDA prone to being affected by the presence of outliers. In this paper, we propose a new method, termed LDA-L1, by maximizing the ratio of the between-class dispersion to the within-class dispersion using the L1-norm rather than the L2-norm. LDA-L1 is robust to outliers, and is solved by an iterative algorithm proposed. The algorithm is easy to be implemented and is theoretically shown to arrive at a locally maximal point. LDA-L1 does not suffer from the problems of small sample size and rank limit as existed in the conventional LDA. Experiment results of image recognition confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Lidocaine patch 5% with systemic analgesics such as gabapentin: a rational polypharmacy approach for the treatment of chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of the lidocaine patch 5%, a targeted peripheral analgesic, in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, and low back pain patients with incomplete responses to their current analgesic treatment regimen containing gabapentin. DESIGN This was a 2-week, open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter pilot trial in the clinical setting. Patients with postherpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, or low back pain with partial responses (average daily pain intensity >4/10) to their current analgesic treatment regimen were included. Treatment consisted of daily application of up to four lidocaine patches to areas of maximal peripheral pain. Effectiveness was evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Safety was assessed by adverse events, physical and neurologic examinations, vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests. RESULTS Significant improvements in BPI measures of pain intensity and pain relief were reported for all groups of patients after 2 weeks of lidocaine patch 5% treatment. Significant improvements in BPI measures of pain interference with general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relationships with others, sleep, and enjoyment of life were noted. The lidocaine patch 5% was found to be safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study highlight the potential advantages achieved with rational polypharmacy using a targeted peripheral analgesic, the lidocaine patch 5%, with centrally acting agents such as the anticonvulsant gabapentin. Controlled trials are warranted to further define the impact of such combination therapy.
Behavioral effects of the presence of a dog in a classroom

Abstract To test the idea that dogs have a positive influence on the social behavior of school children, one of three dogs was introduced alternately into a class at an elementary school in Vienna, attended by 24 children (mean age: 6.7 years). Most of the 14 boys and ten girls came from first-generation immigrant families. With parental consent, their behavior was videotaped for two hours every week, during “open teaching situations,” first during a one-month control period in the absence of dogs, followed by an experimental period of similar duration, when a dog was present in the classroom. Frequency and duration of all observable behaviors of individuals and their interactions were coded from these tapes. Although major individual differences were found in the children's interest in the dog and their behavioral responses, the group became socially more homogenous due to decreased behavioral extremes, such as aggressiveness and hyperactivity; also, formerly withdrawn individuals became socially more integrated. Effects were more pronounced in the boys than the girls. Even though the children spent considerable time watching and making contacting with the dog, they also paid more attention to the teacher. We conclude that the presence of a dog in a classroom could positively stimulate social cohesion in children and provide a relatively cheap and easy means of improving teaching conditions.
Are Women Taking Over the Farm in China

Development practitioners in the West have proclaimed that a "feminization of agriculture" is occurring in the developing world. In this paper, I use household survey data collected in rural China to empirically test whether or not women have been doing an increasing amount of farmwork. I find exactly the opposite-- if anything, the proportion of farmwork being done by women is declining over the late 1990s. Furthermore, I analyze the demographic composition of the farm labor force and find that the future feminization of agriculture is unlikely.
New Insights in the Pathogenesis of Pituitary Tumours

Pituitary adenomas (PA) are frequent and typically benign endocrine neoplasia, which clinical prevalence is estimated around 1/1000 inhabitants [1]. The vast majority are sporadic. PA are endowed with significant clinical morbidity related to hormonal hypersecretion, neurological symptoms due to intracranial mass effects or invasion of the surrounding structures and/or secondary hypopituitarism. Their evolution is quite variable, ranging from indolent tumours with an extremely slow growing potential, to recurrent, aggressive, and exceptionally malignant tumours. Their current clinical management is based on pharmacological treatment, mainly dopamine-agonists (DA) and somatostatin analogues (SSA), surgery and radiotherapy [2]. Despite considerable progress in the management of PA, a significant subset of patients are not satisfactorily controlled. Long-term uncontrolled pituitary hormone hypersecretion, leading to potential severe systemic diseases, and tumour recurrence or aggressiveness still represent a difficult clinical challenge. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PA is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, we will summarize current concepts in pituitary tumorigenesis and focus our attention on the most recent insights and new perspectives in this field.
Nodular melanoma: patients' perceptions of presenting features and implications for earlier detection.

BACKGROUND The incidence of thick melanoma and related mortality is largely static despite advances in early detection during the last 20 years. Nodular melanoma (NM) accounts for the majority of thick lesions and is difficult to recognize in the early stages of its evolution. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify historic or clinical features that may facilitate earlier detection of NM. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 125 patients attending the Victorian Melanoma Service between 1998 and 2000 with superficial spreading melanoma or NM. Parameters were compared by tumor type and thickness. RESULTS NMs are more often symmetric, elevated, uniform in color, and nonpigmented. Color change is uncommon. CONCLUSION NM often fails to fulfill the ABCD diagnostic criteria. Biopsy after a set period of observation should aid differentiation from inflammatory lesions and enable earlier detection of this subtype.
Influence of nanomaterials on stem cell differentiation: designing an appropriate nanobiointerface

During the last decade, due to advances in functionalization chemistry, novel nanobiomaterials with applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been developed. These novel materials with their unique physical and chemical properties are bioactive hierarchical structures that hold great promise for future development of human tissues. Thus, various nanomaterials are currently being intensively explored in the directed differentiation of stem cells, the design of novel bioactive scaffolds, and new research avenues towards tissue regeneration. This paper illustrates the latest achievements in the applications of nanotechnology in tissue engineering in the field of regenerative medicine.
Traumatic experience, cannabis use, life satisfaction, and schizotypy

Research has shown that various environmental factors predict schizotypy. This study aimed to assess the association of a range of demographic, psycho-social and experiential factors with schizotypy, based on a sample of 258 university students. Results showed that age, gender, cannabis use, traumatic experience and life satisfaction significantly predicted overall schizotypy. However, effects varied across schizotypy subdimensions. The models that best predicted schizotypy differed in accordance with the unique combination of facets of each subdimension. Differential effects of the predictors in this study continue to validate dimensional representations of the schizotypal construct.
Two Distinct Oral Routes of Misoprostol in Mifepristone Medical Abortion: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of oral immediately swallowed and buccal misoprostol 800 mcg after mifepristone 200 mg for terminating pregnancy through 63 days since the last menstrual period (LMP). METHODS: This seven-site study randomly assigned 966 women seeking abortions to oral or buccal misoprostol 800 mcg 24–36 hours after mifepristone 200 mg with 7–14-day follow-up. RESULTS: Success rates in the oral and buccal groups were 91.3% (389 of 426) and 96.2% (405 of 421), respectively (P=.003; relative risk [RR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–0.98). Ongoing pregnancy occurred in 3.5% (15 of 426) of women who took oral misoprostol compared with 1.0% (4 of 421) of women in the buccal group (P=.012; RR 3.71, 95% CI 1.24–11.07). Through 49 days since the LMP, oral and buccal regimens performed similarly, but success with oral misoprostol decreased as pregnancy advanced. In pregnancies of 57–63 days since the LMP, success with oral misoprostol fell below 90%, whereas that with buccal remained high (oral 85.1% [97 of 114], buccal 94.8% [109 of 115], P=.015, RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98). Furthermore, in this gestational age group, there were significantly more ongoing pregnancies among women who took misoprostol orally (7.9% [9 of 114]) compared with buccally (1.7% [2 of 115]; P=.029, RR 4.54, 95% CI 1.0–20.55). Adverse effect profiles were similar, although fever and chills were reported approximately 10% more often among women who took buccal misoprostol. Satisfaction and acceptability were high for both methods. CONCLUSION: Buccal misoprostol 800 mcg after mifepristone 200 mg is a good option for medical abortion through 63 days since the LMP. Oral misoprostol 800 mcg is also a safe and effective alternative, although success rates diminish with increasing gestational age. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT00386867 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
“Unity Admirable But Not Necessarily Heeded”

Drawing on interviews, this article examines how the third wave of the straight edge (sXe) hardcore music scene can promote a gender-progressive image in light of evidence that suggests men's continued advantage over women in the scene. The author argues that this discrepancy can be explained by straight edgers' use of going rate comparisons (to its previous waves, to other times and places, and to gender relations as a whole) that highlight the scene's “doings” and “not-doings” in ways that portray sXe favorably. By insisting that gender is no longer relevant, straight edgers (sXers) then set up a going rate of authenticity that is purportedly attainable by men and women. This going rate, however, ultimately reinstates gender boundaries sXers claim to erase. The author concludes the article by discussing the larger implications of doings and not-doings in going rate constructions and the performance of gender.
Children's orthographic representations and linguistic transparency: Nonsense word reading in English, French, and Spanish

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to compare the development of orthographic representations in children learning to read English, French, or Spanish. Nonsense words that shared both orthography and phonology at the level of the rhyme with real words (cake-dake, comic-bomic), phonology only (cake-daik, comic-bommick), or neither (faish, ricop) were created for each orthography. Experiment I compared English and French children's reading of nonsense words that shared rhyme orthography with real words (dake) with those that did not (daik). Significant facilitation was found for shared rhymes in English, with reduced effects in French. Experiment 2 compared English and French children's reading of nonsense words that shared rhyme phonology with real words (daik) with those that did not (faish). Significant facilitation for shared rhyme phonology was found in both languages. Experiment 3 compared English, French, and Spanish children's reading of nonsense words (dake vs. faish) and found a significant facilitatory effect of orthographic and phonological familiarity for each language. The size of the familiarity effect, however, was much greater in the less transparent orthographies (English and French). These results are interpreted in terms of the level of phonology that is represented in the orthographic recognition units being developed by children who are learning to read more and less transparent orthographies.
Deviance, perceived responsibility, and negative peer reactions.

Three studies ware conducted to examine the relation between perceived deviance and negative peer reactions. The purpose of the 1st study was to investigate what preadolescents consider as deviant and whether perceived deviance is related to social rejection. The next 2 studies were designed to examine the conceptual differences between these types of deviance and to investigate the processes mediating between deviance judgments and negative reactions
Nonparametric Context Modeling of Local Appearance for Pose- and Expression-Robust Facial Landmark Localization

We propose a data-driven approach to facial landmark localization that models the correlations between each landmark and its surrounding appearance features. At runtime, each feature casts a weighted vote to predict landmark locations, where the weight is precomputed to take into account the feature's discriminative power. The feature voting-based landmark detection is more robust than previous local appearance-based detectors, we combine it with nonparametric shape regularization to build a novel facial landmark localization pipeline that is robust to scale, in-plane rotation, occlusion, expression, and most importantly, extreme head pose. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on two especially challenging in-the-wild datasets populated by faces with extreme head pose and expression.
Predicting customer choice in services using discrete choice analysis

This paper presents an overview of the science and art of discrete choice modeling for service sector applications. With the ongoing momentum of service science, management, and engineering, the discrete choice modeling approach provides a sophisticated tool kit for assessing the needs and preferences of service customers. We provide directions for designing and executing discrete choice studies for services and discuss several examples for a number of industries including health care, financial services, retail, hospitality, and online services. We conclude with a discussion of the many managerial implications of the discrete choice approach.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation promotes myocardial angiogenesis via an NF kappa B-dependent mechanism in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction.

Therapeutic angiogenesis achieved either through the use of discreet angiogenic proteins or by gene therapy is fast emerging as a highly attractive treatment modality for ischemic heart disease. Herein we examine a novel method of stimulating myocardial angiogenesis by hypoxic preconditioning at both capillary and arteriolar levels, and the potential role of NF kappa B in mediating such a response. We also investigate the functional relevance of such treatment by assessing whether the induced neovascularization can help preserve left ventricular contractile functional reserve in the setting of developing heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normoxia + sham surgery (NS), normoxia + permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion (NMI), hypoxic preconditioning + sham surgery (HS), hypoxic preconditioning + permanent LAD occlusion (HMI), PDTC (NF kappa B inhibitor) + hypoxic preconditioning + LAD occlusion (PHMI), PDTC+normoxia + LAD occlusion (PNMI), PDTC + hypoxic preconditioning + sham surgery (PHS) and PDTC + normoxia + sham surgery (PNS). Rats in the preconditioned groups were subjected to systemic hypoxemic hypoxic exposure (10+/-0.4% O2) for 4 h followed by a 24-h period of normoxic reoxygenation prior to undergoing LAD occlusion. Rats in the normoxia groups were time matched with the preconditioned group and maintained under normoxic conditions for the 28-h period prior to LAD occlusion. The HMI group displayed significant increases in capillary as well as arteriolar density after 2, 4 and 7 days post-operation compared to the NMI. Prior PDTC administration prevented such increases in the PHMI group and effectively abolished the pro-angiogenic effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HP). One week after sham surgery or LAD occlusion, rats underwent a pharmacological stress test with dobutamine in progressively increasing doses which revealed significantly elevated values of dp/dt(max) at each dose point in the HMI group compared to the NMI or PHMI groups. Hypoxic preconditioning also decreases endothelial cell injury as determined by the extent of endothelial cell apoptosis using anti-VWF factor labelling and TUNEL assay. The results suggest that HP stimulates myocardial angiogenesis via redox-regulated transcription factor, NF kappa B-dependent pathway to an extent sufficient to exert significant preservation of contractile functional reserve in a rat model of myocardial infarction progressing to heart failure.