Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PRIOR+: Results for OAEI Campaign 2007

Ontology mapping is to find semantic correspondences between similar elements of different ontologies. It is critical to achieve semantic interoperability in the WWW. This paper summarizes the results of the PRIOR+ participating at OAEI campaign 2007. The PRIOR+ is a generic and automatic ontology mapping tool, based on propagation theory, information retrieval technique and artificial intelligence model. The approach utilizes both linguistic and structural information of ontologies, and measures the profile similarity of different elements of ontologies in a vector space model (VSM). Furthermore, the PRIOR+ adaptively aggregate different similarities according to the harmony of similarity matrix. Finally the PRIOR+ deals with ontology constraints using interactive activation and competitive neural network. The preliminary results of benchmark task are presented, followed by a discussion. Some future works are given at the end.
Collaborative Innovation with Customers: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Research

Collaborative innovation with customers or users is increasingly important for the development of new products and services. In this paper we provide a review of the literature, placing emphasis on how firms engage in collaborative innovation with individual and business customers. Our review develops a synthesized conceptual framework from three existing models, and other streams of research, to organize this diverse body of literature. We review studies from several disciplines including innovation, strategy, management, marketing and information technology. Although much of the literature assumes net positive benefits from such collaboration, we also discuss contrary perspectives. We highlight areas in which research is needed for greater understanding of the strategic issues and for managing the collaborative process, and provide suggestions for future studies.
Inflammatory cytokines promote the retrodifferentiation of tumor‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells to progenitor cells

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity promotes recurrence and resistance to therapies. Recent studies have reported that HCC may be derived not only from adult hepatocytes and hepatoblasts but also hepatic stem/progenitors. In this context, HepaRG cells may represent a suitable cellular model to study stem/progenitor cancer cells and the retrodifferentiation of tumor‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells. Indeed, they differentiate into hepatocyte‐ and biliary‐like cells. Moreover, tumor‐derived HepaRG hepatocyte‐like cells (HepaRG‐tdHep) differentiate into both hepatocyte‐ and biliary‐like cells through a hepatic progenitor. In this study we report the mechanisms and molecular effectors involved in the retrodifferentiation of HepaRG‐tdHep into bipotent progenitors. Gene expression profiling was used to identify genomic changes during the retrodifferentiation of HepaRG‐tdHep into progenitors. We demonstrated that gene expression signatures related to a poor‐prognosis HCC subclass, proliferative progenitors, or embryonic stem cells were significantly enriched in HepaRG progenitors derived from HepaRG‐tdHep. HepaRG‐tdHep retrodifferentiation is mediated by crosstalk between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and inflammatory cytokine pathways (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] and interleukin 6 [IL6]). Signatures related to TNFα, IL6, and TGFβ activation pathways are induced within the first hour of retrodifferentiation. Moreover, specific activation or inhibition of these signaling pathways allowed us to determine that TNFα and IL6 contribute to the loss of hepatic‐specific marker expression and that TGFβ1 induces an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of HepaRG‐tdHep. Interestingly, the retrodifferentiation process is blocked by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, opening new therapeutic opportunities. Conclusion: Cancer progenitor cells (or metastasis progenitors) may derive from tumor‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells in an inflammatory environment that is frequently associated with HCC. (Hepatology 2014;60:2076–2089)
What Elementary Students and Teachers Say about Social Studies

or decades, social studies in elementary schools has most often been regarded as a subject that should be taught, but only when there is time. Priority in the elementary school day must be given to the basic skill areas of reading, mathematics, and language (Turner 1999; VanFossen 2003). To many policymakers and elementary teachers, social studies is not unimportant but is considered an enrichment or second-ranked subject (Thornton and Houser 1996). Researchers have repeatedly found that students have negative attitudes toward social studies (Governale 1997; Haladyna and Thomas 1979; Herman 1963; Houser 1995; Inskeep and Rowland 1965; Jersild 1949; Joyce 1986; Morrissett 1982; Schug, Todd, and Beery 1984; Shaughnessy and Haladyna 1985; Weible and Evans 1984). They generally consider the negative attitudes to be a result of curricular content, teaching methods, and classroom environment (Fouts 1990; Governale 1997; Haladyna, Shaughnessy, and Redsun 1982b; Schug, Todd, and Berry 1984; McGowan, Sutton, and Smith 1990). Researchers report that students’ attitudes toward social studies can be improved (Governale 1997; McGowan et al. 1990); yet, the general picture of students’ negative perceptions of social studies stubbornly remains in most classrooms. Although most researchers have dealt with the comparative status of social studies, they have conducted few studies to examine how students’ knowledge of and attitudes toward content and issues in the social studies curriculum could affect their perceptions of social studies. Furthermore, in only a few cases have researchers examined the potential effects of gender, academic level, grade level, and the students’ and their teachers’ perceptions of social studies. With this study, we investigated, in an open-ended manner, what elementary teachers and their students said about social studies. We endeavored to see if prior findings still persist and studied the potential relationships between students’ and teachers’ perceptions.
THE EFFECT OF ONCOMING HEADLIGHT GLARE ON PERIPHERAL DETECTION UNDER A MESOPIC LIGHT LEVEL

A field study was carried out in a car park to investigate how oncoming glare from halogen headlamps impaired drivers' detection of peripheral targets under two fixed street lighting sources, high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. The participants (drivers) task was to detect a change in reflectance for one of two targets while fixated on a signboard at the end of the test track. The detection targets were located 15 or 23 degrees off-axis to the right when the subjects looked straight ahead. The halogen headlamps of the oncoming vehicle were switched either on or off. Participants were 22-39 years of age. Large individual differences in individuals' reaction times were observed. Reaction times under metal halide lamps were shorter than under high pressure sodium lamps. Reaction times for the inner target (15 degrees) were shorter than for the outer target (23 degrees). There was also a significant interaction between the target position and the glare condition. For the covering abstract see ITRD E123380.
Efficient Intersection Tests for Objects Defined Constructively

Testing for the existence of intersections is an important part of algorithms for interference detection, collision detection, and the like. We describe three techniques that can be used to implement an efficient intersection detection routine when entities are described constructively, that is, as set combina tions of primitive entities. All three techniques are described in a domain where constructive solid geometry is the princi pal entity description used, although their use in boundary representation schemes is also discussed. The first technique, called S-bounds, is a method of reasoning about where inter sections may be taking place; in practice it is fast and often sufficient. S-bounds can also be used as a general constraint manipulation method over Boolean algebras. The second technique is based on spatial subdivision, and is used mainly to improve the speed of the intersection test. The third tech nique is employed only on regions of space left by the first two techniques; it is a specialization of the "classical" tech nique of generate and test. The combination of these tech niques has been implemented as an intersection detection routine which shows a speedup over the "classical" algorithm of about two orders of magnitude.
Ebola Virus VP40-Induced Particle Formation and Association with the Lipid Bilayer

ABSTRACT Viral protein 40 (VP40) of Ebola virus appears equivalent to matrix proteins of other viruses, yet little is known about its role in the viral life cycle. To elucidate the functions of VP40, we investigated its ability to induce the formation of membrane-bound particles when it was expressed apart from other viral proteins. We found that VP40 is indeed able to induce particle formation when it is expressed in mammalian cells, and this process appeared to rely on a conserved N-terminal PPXY motif, as mutation or loss of this motif resulted in markedly reduced particle formation. These findings demonstrate that VP40 alone possesses the information necessary to induce particle formation, and this process most likely requires cellular WW domain-containing proteins that interact with the PPXY motif of VP40. The ability of VP40 to bind cellular membranes was also studied. Flotation gradient analysis indicated that VP40 binds to membranes in a hydrophobic manner, as NaCl at 1 M did not release the protein from the lipid bilayer. Triton X-114 phase-partitioning analysis suggested that VP40 possesses only minor features of an integral membrane protein. We confirmed previous findings that truncation of the 50 C-terminal amino acids of VP40 results in decreased association with cellular membranes and demonstrated that this deletion disrupts hydrophobic interactions of VP40 with the lipid bilayer, as well as abolishing particle formation. Truncation of the 150 C-terminal amino acids or 100 N-terminal amino acids of VP40 enhanced the protein's hydrophobic association with cellular membranes. These data suggest that VP40 binds the lipid bilayer in an efficient yet structurally complex fashion.
Association between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002

Background There is now increasing evidence that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Objective The objective of this study was to examine associations of serum concentrations of POPs with self-reported history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design Cross-sectional associations of serum POPs concentrations with the prevalence of self-reported CVD were investigated in 889 adults ≥ 40 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. We selected 21 POPs [3 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 3 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 5 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 nondioxin-like PCBs, and 4 organochlorine (OC) pesticides] because they were detectable in ≥ 60% of participants. Results Dioxin-like PCBs, nondioxin-like PCBs, and OC pesticides were positively associated with the prevalence of CVD only among females. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum concentration, the odds ratios for CVD across increasing quartiles were 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 for dioxin-like PCBs (p for trend < 0.01), 1.2, 1.2, and 3.8 for nondioxin-like PCBs (p for trend < 0.01), and 1.9, 1.7, and 4.0 for OC pesticides (p for trend = 0.03). PCDDs showed positive trends with the prevalence of CVD in both males and females; adjusted odds ratios were 1.4, 1.7, and 1.9 (p for trend = 0.07, males and females combined). Conclusions Our findings need to be carefully interpreted because of the cross-sectional design and use of self-reported CVD. Prospective studies are needed to clarify these associations.
L‐ and N‐current but not M‐current inhibition by M1 muscarinic receptors requires DAG lipase activity

Stimulation of postsynaptic M1 muscarinic receptors (M1Rs) increases firing rates of both sympathetic and central neurons that underlie increases in vasomotor tone, heart rate, and cognitive memory functioning. At the cellular level, M1R stimulation modulates currents through various voltage‐gated ion channels, including KCNQ K+ channels (M‐current) and both L‐ and N‐type Ca2+ channels (L‐ and N‐current) by a pertussis toxin‐insensitive, slow signaling pathway. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) during M1R stimulation suffices to inhibit M‐current. We found previously that following PIP2 hydrolysis by phospholipase C, activation of phospholipase A2 and liberation of a lipid metabolite, most likely arachidonic acid (AA) are necessary for L‐ and N‐current modulation. Here we examined the involvement of a third lipase, diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), in the slow pathway. We documented the presence of DAGL in superior cervical ganglion neurons, and then tested the highly selective DAGL inhibitor, RHC‐80267, for its capacity to antagonize M1R‐mediated modulation of whole‐cell Ca2+ currents. RHC‐80267 significantly reduced L‐ and N‐current inhibition by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine‐M (Oxo‐M) but did not affect their inhibition by exogenous AA. Moreover, voltage‐dependent inhibition of N‐current by Oxo‐M remained in the presence of RHC‐80267, indicating selective action on the slow pathway. RHC also blocked inhibition of recombinant N‐current. In contrast, RHC‐80267 had no effect on native M‐current inhibition. These data are consistent with a role for DAGL in mediating L‐ and N‐current inhibition. These results extend our previous findings that the signaling pathway mediating L‐ and N‐current inhibition diverges from the pathway initiating M‐current inhibition. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 91–100, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sources of Situational Interest

We tested the relationship among sources of interest, perceived interest, and text recall. Sources of interest referred to factors (e.g., ease of comprehension) that evoke feelings of interest in a text. Perceived interest referred to the feeling of interest itself. A factor analysis revealed six different sources of interest. Of these, ease of comprehension and vividness explained 45% of the variance in perceived interest. In turn, perceived interest explained 18% of the variance in text recall; however, only ease of comprehension was related to recall once perceived interest was controlled statistically. Results suggested that different sources of interest affect perceived interest, which in turn, affects recall. Implications for text design and future research were discussed.
Kir6.2 Mutations Associated With Neonatal Diabetes Reduce Expression of ATP-Sensitive K+ channels

Heterozygous missense mutations in the pore-forming subunit Kir6.2 of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) have recently been shown to cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Functional studies demonstrated that PNDM mutations reduce KATP channel sensitivity to ATP inhibition, resulting in gain of channel function. However, the impact of these mutations on channel expression has not been examined. Here, we show that PNDM mutations, including Q52R, V59G, V59M, R201C, R201H, and I296L, not only reduce channel ATP sensitivity but also impair channel expression at the cell surface to varying degrees. By tagging the PNDM Kir6.2 mutant V59G or R201H with an additional mutation, N160D, that confers voltage-dependent polyamine block of KATP channels, we demonstrate that in simulated heterozygous state, all surface channels are either wild-type or heteromeric channels containing both wild-type and mutant Kir6.2 subunits. Comparison of the various PNDM mutations in their effects on channel nucleotide sensitivity and expression, as well as disease phenotype, suggests that both channel-gating defect and expression level may play a role in determining disease severity. Interestingly, sulfonylureas significantly increase surface expression of certain PNDM mutants, suggesting that the efficacy of sulfonylurea therapy may be compromised by the effect of these drugs on channel expression.
Earned- and continuous-security in adult attachment: Relation to depressive symptomatology and parenting style

Abstract The secure working model classification of adult attachment, as derived from Main and Goldwyn's (in press) Adult Attachment Interview scoring system, was considered in terms of earned-security and continuous-security. Earned-security was a classification given to adults who described difficult, early relationships with parents, but who also had current secure working models as indicated by high coherency scores; continuous-security referred to a classification in which individuals described secure early attachment relationship with parents and current secure working models. Working models of attachment were classified as earned-secure, continuous-secure, or insecure in a sample of 40 parents of preschool children. Comparisons among the classifications were conducted on a measure of depressive symptoms and two sets of ratings of observed parenting styles. Adults with earned-secure classifications had comparable depressive symptomatology to insecures, with 30% of the insecures, 40% of the earned-secures, and only 10% of the continuous-secures having scores exceeding the clinical cut-off. The rate of depressive symptomatology in the earned-secure group suggests that reconstructions of past difficulties may remain emotional liabilities despite a current secure working model. With regard to parenting styles with their preschoolers, the behavior of earned-secure parents was comparable to that of the continuous-secures. This refinement in conceptualizing secure working models suggests ways for understanding variation in pathways to competent parenting as well as a possible perspective on how adults' adverse early experiences may continue to place them and their children at risk.
The Effect of Documentation Structure and Task‐Specific Experience on Auditors' Ability to Identify Control Weaknesses

ABSTRACT: Our study matches workpaper preparers with reviewers to investigate whether task‐specific experience moderates the effect of fraud assessment documentation structure on the audit review team's ability to identify control weaknesses. Consistent with expectations, we find that preparers using a component documentation structure provided more favorable (and lower quality) assessments of control weaknesses than those using either a supporting or balanced documentation structure. Results indicate that preparer task‐specific experience moderated this effect. Results also indicate that reviewer task‐specific experience moderated the effect of documentation structure on reviewers' identification of control weaknesses such that experienced reviewers compensated more for the effect of component documentation than auditors with less experience. These results suggest that reviewer task‐specific experience may help reduce the previously observed “flow‐through” effect of preparer workpaper deficiencies on rev.
Investigating Deaf Children's Vocabulary Knowledge in British Sign Language.

This study explores different aspects of the mapping between phonological form and meaning of signs in British Sign Language (BSL) by means of four tasks to measure meaning recognition, form recognition, form recall, and meaning recall. The aim was to investigate whether there is a hierarchy of difficulty for these tasks and, therefore, whether BSL vocabulary acquisition proceeds incrementally, as is the case for spoken languages. Twenty-four deaf participants (aged 5–15 years), all of whom were BSL users, performed with greatest accuracy on meaning recognition and least accurately on meaning recall. The results indicate that signers’ knowledge of mapping between form and meaning in BSL signs is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon but depends on what the learner is required to do with that knowledge, as is the case for spoken languages.
The Interactional Study of Organizations

The article reviews recent perspectives on the study of organizations, including negotiated order and the "new" organizational theory. It argues that both are inherently limited by their failure to address certain methodological problems in the relationship between theory, analysis, and data. The answer may lie in a more detailed consideration of the role of language and the possiblity of inspecting it for evidence of the devices employed by organization members to coordinate action.
The inseparability of cognition and emotion in second language learning

The scholarly literature about the process of second language (L2) learning has focused to a considerable extent on cognitive processes. Left aside are questions about how emotions fit into an understanding of L2 learning. One goal of this plenary is to demonstrate that we have limited our understanding of L2 learning by failing to take into account the roles played by emotions. A perspective which brings together cognition and emotion is that of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (SCT) of mind. Vygotsky saw the two as being inextricably interconnected. However, many in the Western world who have taken up Vygotsky's ideas, myself included, have focused on the cognitive side of learning and development. The second goal of this plenary is therefore to redress this imbalance.
Deictic Anaphors in Tutorial Dialogues

Most of the anaphoric resolution algorithms developed so far focus on anaphors with NP antecedents, be it inter-sentential or intrasentential. The main focus of this paper is to resolve various other types of anaphors such as discourse deictic anaphors found in computermediated tutorial dialogues on physics. We do this first through a corpus-based study of physics tutoring dialogues. Our approach is to examine the syntactic and semantic environments under which deictic anaphors can occur in the physics discourse and identify the relevant discourse cues, which in turn, are used to formulate a set of constraints and preferences inspired by Centering Theory (Grosz et al. 1995) and the theory of discourse structure (Grosz and Sidner 1986). We propose an algorithm to resolve discourse deictic anaphors in dialogues which is also capable of distinguishing deictic anaphors from individual and expletive anaphors.
Efficient Orthogonal Parametrisation of Recurrent Neural Networks Using Householder Reflections

The problem of learning long-term dependencies in sequences using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) is still a major challenge. Recent methods have been suggested to solve this problem by constraining the transition matrix to be unitary during training which ensures that its norm is equal to one and prevents exploding gradients. These methods either have limited expressiveness or scale poorly with the size of the network when compared with the simple RNN case, especially when using stochastic gradient descent with a small mini-batch size. Our contributions are as follows; we first show that constraining the transition matrix to be unitary is a special case of an orthogonal constraint. Then we present a new parametrisation of the transition matrix which allows efficient training of an RNN while ensuring that the matrix is always orthogonal. Our results show that the orthogonal constraint on the transition matrix applied through our parametrisation gives similar benefits to the unitary constraint, without the time complexity limitations.