Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonblurred regions show priority for gaze direction over spatial blur

The human eye continuously forms images of our 3D environment using a finite and dynamically changing depth of focus. Since different objects in our environment reside at different depth planes, the resulting retinal images consist of both focused and spatially blurred objects concurrently. Here, we wanted to measure what effect such a mixed visual diet may have on the pattern of eye movements. For that, we have constructed composite stimuli, each containing an intact photograph and several progressively blurred versions of it, all arranged in a 3 × 3 square array and presented simultaneously as a single image. We have measured eye movements for 7 such composite stimuli as well as for their corresponding root mean square (RMS) contrast-equated versions to control for any potential contrast variations as a result of the blurring. We have found that when observers are presented with such arrays of blurred and nonblurred images they fixate significantly more frequently on the stimulus regions that had little or no blur at all (p < .001). A similar pattern of fixations was found for the RMS contrast-equated versions of the stimuli indicating that the observed distributions of fixations is not simply the result of variations in image contrasts due to spatial blurring. Further analysis revealed that, during each 5 second presentation, the image regions containing little or no spatial blur were fixated first while other regions with larger amounts of blur were fixated later, if fixated at all. The results contribute to the increasing list of stimulus parameters that affect patterns of eye movements during scene perception.
Understanding and working with existential information in a Norwegian adolescent psychiatry context: a need and a challenge

This is one of several studies on existential information in psychotherapy in Southern Norway. The aim of this study was to explore how therapists' backgrounds and existential information influence their therapeutic practice and philosophy of care, and the use of existential information in psychotherapy. The method used was qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Through emerging themes from the interviews and clinical case illustrations, information relating to therapists' backgrounds and existential orientations strongly influenced: therapeutic practice, philosophy of care, and if as well as how existential information was used in therapy. Professional and continued education/training in this area were insufficient. However, the area itself was considered essential for understanding clients' psychosocial and sociocultural needs in multicultural Norway. Therapists expressed the importance of communication about existential information. Clinical examples were given that focused on this information's usefulness for identifying strategies addressing both salutogenic and pathogenic aspects of adolescent psychosocial functioning. Clinical educational and training insufficiencies related to working with existential information were noted. Although strategic thinking and organisational framework in the working context permitted existential information to be raised in therapy, many expressed the lacking of methodological confidence and training in this area. Education and training were, therefore, priorities. Accessing this type of information with all clients, whatever their existential information, was emphasised for strengthening the therapeutic alliance.
Effect of orthographic preactivation on letter migration.

Students participated in 6 experiments on visual word or pseudoword perception. Two items (both words or both pseudowords) were presented for brief periods of tiem (together or separately). A prime preceded the items in 3 experiments. Without priming, more word than pseudoword letter migrations were found. With the distracter as a prime, more migrations were found overall, as many for words as for pseudowords. With the migration response as a prime, migrations could not be demonstrated. Letter «migration» also occurred when the items were not presented simultaneously, although the number of migrations decreased
Demand, Support, and Perception in Family-Related Stress Among Protestant Clergy

Studies of clergy have emphasized the effects of stressors inherent to the profession and the impact of these on the minister's personal and family life. Hill's (1949) ABC-X model of family stress was employed to extend the focus to include three classes of variables: demands, social support, and perception. Results of questionnaires from a random sample of 312 Protestant clergy indicated that perception variables are more consistently correlated with outcome than were either demand or support.
Transnational Trade Union Action in Europe

ABSTRACT Research on European trade unionism has discussed whether the tendency towards ‘union diplomacy’ has meant that that unions are largely disinterested in mobilizing members and pursue contentious action at the European level. Other studies have identified activities that suggest an Europeanization of political mobilization, in demonstrations and strikes and in cooperation with NGOs and social movements. The present paper analyzes attitudes towards transnational action among trade unions in Europe, as well as the degree to which national unions actually partake in more and less contentious action. The study, which is based on a survey to trade unions in Europe carried out in 2010–11 (n 250), focuses particularly on the production of joint statements and petitions, demonstrations and boycotts, and strikes. The aim was to identify the similarities and differences between industrial relations regimes and sectors in Europe and the analyses have revealed that there are in fact significant differences. Trade unions in the continental social partnership regime and the southern polarized/state centered regime tend to approve of and partake in European demonstrations and boycotts to a higher degree than unions in the other regimes, while the Nordic unions in the organized corporatist regime tend to be more skeptical and also participate to a lower degree. In addition, unions in services and organizing professionals tend to partake and approve of such action to a lower degree than unions in other sectors and national peak level unions.
Thermal constrained resource management for mixed ILP-TLP workloads in dark silicon chips

In dark silicon chips, a significant amount of on-chip resources cannot be simultaneously powered on and need to stay dark, i.e., power gated, in order to avoid thermal emergencies. This paper presents a resource management technique, called DsRem, that selects the number of active cores jointly with their voltage/frequency (v/f) levels, considering the high Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) or Thread Level Parallelism (TLP) nature of different applications, in order to maximize the overall system performance. DsRem leverages the positioning of dark cores, to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the active cores. This facilitates increasing the v/f level of the active cores, which leads to further performance improvement. Compared to state-of-the-art thermal-aware task application mapping, DsRem achieves up to 46% performance gain, while avoiding any thermal emergencies. Additionally, DsRem outperforms the boosting technique with 26%.
Furthering the understanding of maternal obesity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children today and the prevalence has more than doubled over the past decade. (1) From an epidemiologic standpoint, the rapid rise in NAFLD outpaces the increase in obesity. (1) This is concerning given the current and future burden of pediatric NAFLD to individuals and the healthcare system. Our understanding of pediatric NAFLD and its etiology continues to evolve. One major contributor appears to be diets high in sugar and fat leading to the development of obesity, increased adipose insulin resistance and subsequent hepatic steatosis. The search for other, non-dietary contributors to pediatric NAFLD has prompted researchers to pursue genetic, epigenetic and other causes. In the paper by Mouralidarane and colleagues, they explore the complex interplay between maternal diet, gestational environment, and the developing innate immune system. It seems that the development NAFLD begins even before children have a chance to eat on their own.
Visible light communication using a solar-panel receiver

In this paper, a solar panel utilized as a photodetector with simultaneous energy harvesting is proposed in visible light communication (VLC). The solar cell is a self-styled passive device, which can convert optical signals into electrical signals. The generated energy can potentially be used to power user terminals or at least to prolong operation time. This work is an important step towards the future local area networks and vehicle to vehicle communication. In our proposed VLC system, a 3-W blue LED is as the light source and a low-cost solar panel is acted as the detector. A communication with a data rate of 15.03 Mbit/s and a bit error rate of 1.6883X 1003 is successfully achieved using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology over a 2-m air channel.
The Relationship between Knowledge Management and the Process of Entrepreneurship in Sport Organizations

In the current competitive world, organizations can reach competitive advantage which support entrepreneurship by providing the required tools. One of the most important tools for developing entrepreneurship which was neglected in previous studies is organizational knowledge management. The present paper aims to shed light on the role and importance of knowledge management in sport entrepreneurship in sport organizations of Mazandaran Province. 250 managers and employees of sport organizations were selected as the sample. Two questionnaires were used for data collection; knowledge management questionnaire with 22 questions (including knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application) and entrepreneurship questionnaire with 35 questions (including idea creation, opportunity discovery, and idea exploitation). The results show that there is a significant relation between knowledge management and entrepreneurship process (r=0.68, p= 0.001) and also between knowledge management and entrepreneurship components (idea creation: r=0.33, p= 0.001; opportunity discovery: r= 0.53, p= 0.001; idea exploitation: r= 0.33, p= 0.001). According to the results, paying attention to knowledge management can systematically support the organizations in idea creation, opportunity discovery from created ideas, idea exploitation, and also entrepreneurship. Managers of sport organizations should assume that knowledge management is one of the empowerments of entrepreneurship or, in other words, knowledge management is one of the effective factors in the emergence of entrepreneurship. Hence, knowledge management should be regarded as one of main priorities and special planning must be done for it.
Analysis of gene expression in different cell types

Cellular states are plastic, and even terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by ectopic expression of selected transcription factors, yet it remains inefficient in practice. Cell reprogramming is remarkable for its potential to impact research and therapies because induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are similar to embryo stem (ES) cells in many aspects so that they are suitable substitute for ES cells. Since distinct gene expression pattern is one of the most important features of specific cell state, we analyze the relationship between gene expression and the cell state. In this paper, we chose human ES cells, iPS cells, and fibroblasts to compare. Our results show that iPS cells have an ES cell-like expression pattern and suggest that those genes which have distinct expression intensities in different cell states perform significant function in cell fate regulation. What's more, genome-wide occupancy maps have revealed the correlation between the ectopic expression factors and the gene expression intensities.
Women Occupying Management Positions in Top-Level Sport Organizations: A Self-Determination Perspective

Framed in Self-determination theory (SDT), the purpose of this research was to examine whether the working environment of women in sport management positions could fulfil or thwart their basic psychological needs (BPN) and to explore the motivations that women managers experience in these positions. Eight female managers of top-level sport organizations participated in semi-structured interviews. Results showed that seven of them reported being in an environment that fulfilled their BPN and experienced autonomous motivation in their job. In contrast, one participant reported working in a context that thwarted her BPN and experienced controlled motivation. We present contextual antecedents that were considered satisfying or thwarting of the BPN of those women enrolled in management positions. Insomuch as BPN satisfaction is expected to be related to autonomous motivation and well-being, the current study provides a first insight regarding how sport organizations could promote women managers’ BPN satisfaction and thus increase their autonomous motivation and well-being in such positions.
Scalable Differential Analysis of Large Process Algebra Models

This tutorial is concerned with the performance evaluation of hardware/software systems using ordinary differential equations which approximate large-scale continuous-time Markov processes derived from models described with the stochastic process algebra PEPA. The tutorial is divided into three parts. The first part illustrates the main theoretical results. The second part gives an overview of a software tool---the PEPA Eclipse Plug-in---which supports the differential analysis of PEPA. In the last part, this approach is related to other efficient analysis techniques in the literature. In particular, a comparison against layered queues is presented.
Mapping the Structure of Semantic Memory

Aggregating snippets from the semantic memories of many individuals may not yield a good map of an individual's semantic memory. The authors analyze the structure of semantic networks that they sampled from individuals through a new snowball sampling paradigm during approximately 6 weeks of 1-hr daily sessions. The semantic networks of individuals have a small-world structure with short distances between words and high clustering. The distribution of links follows a power law truncated by an exponential cutoff, meaning that most words are poorly connected and a minority of words has a high, although bounded, number of connections. Existing aggregate networks mirror the individual link distributions, and so they are not scale-free, as has been previously assumed; still, there are properties of individual structure that the aggregate networks do not reflect. A simulation of the new sampling process suggests that it can uncover the true structure of an individual's semantic memory.
Natural coagulation inhibitory proteins and activated protein C resistance in Turkish patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Thromboembolic events are a rare but significant complication of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of natural coagulation inhibitors and activated protein C resistance in Turkish patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Fifty patients (29 male, 21 female) without venous thrombosis history and 37 healthy controls were included in the study. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, thrombocyte count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, von Willebrand factor antigen, factor VIII activity, activated protein C resistance, functional levels of antithrombin III, protein C and protein S were measured. Patients and controls with activated protein C resistance were further studied using a polymerase chain reaction assay for factor V Leiden mutation. RESULTS There was no significant difference between patients and the controls in terms of antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, factor (F) VIII and Willebrand factor levels. The mean thrombocyte counts, fibrinogen levels, and Willebrand factor levels were found to be significantly higher in patients who were in the active period of the disease than in controls and patients in remission. No significant difference was observed in those showing activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS The presence of inherited thrombophilic defects, in particular activated protein C resistance and natural coagulation inhibitor deficiency, is uncommon in Turkish patients with inflammatory bowel disease in both active and remission periods. As a result, a controlled study in inflammatory bowel disease patients with thrombosis history is recommended.
Judicial Specialization and Ideological Decision Making in the US Courts of Appeals

We investigate the influence of subject matter expertise, opinion specialization, and judicial experience on the role of ideology in decision making in the courts of appeals in a generalized, as opposed to specialized, setting. We find that subject matter experts and opinion specialists are significantly more likely to engage in ideological decision making than their nonspecialist counterparts and that opinion specialization is a particularly potent factor in ideological decision making. Further, increased judicial experience has no effect on the conditional use of ideology. We discuss the potentially wide‐ranging implications of our findings for both theory and policy.
Onset and exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period.

BACKGROUND The primary goal of this study was to examine the impact of pregnancy, childbirth, and menstruation on the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or exacerbation of OCD symptoms. METHOD One hundred twenty-six women aged between 18 and 69 years attending a university-based OCD clinic who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders were interviewed retrospectively to assess OCD onset and symptom exacerbation in relationship to reproductive events. Women were placed into 2 groups: those who had ever been pregnant (ever pregnant group) and those who had never been pregnant. The ever pregnant group was further subdivided into those who reported onset of OCD in the perinatal period (perinatal-related group) and those who denied onset related to pregnancy (nonperinatal-related group). Between-group comparisons were done using a Student t test for continuous measures, and categorical variables were assessed using the χ² test. RESULTS Of the 78 women in the ever pregnant group, 32.1% (n = 24) had OCD onset in the perinatal period (perinatal-related group), 15.4% in pregnancy, 14.1% at postpartum, and 1.3% after miscarriage. Of 132 total pregnancies, 34.1% involved an exacerbation of symptoms, 22.0% involved an improvement in OCD symptoms, and 43.9% did not change symptom severity in women with preexisting illness. Women in the perinatal-related group and women with perinatal worsening of preexisting OCD were more likely to have premenstrual worsening of OCD symptoms compared to women in the nonperinatal-related group (66% vs 39%, P = .047). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide additional evidence that pregnancy and childbirth are frequently associated with the onset of OCD or worsening of symptoms in those with preexisting disorder. In addition, there appears to be continuity between OCD onset and/or exacerbation across the reproductive life cycle, at least with menstruation and pregnancy.
Auditory Responses in Normal-Hearing, Noise-Exposed Ears

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . v INTRODUCTION . 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 7 Subjects . 7 Testing Procedures . 8 Data Analysis . 14 RESULTS . 16 NEQ and Dosimeter Readings . 16 DPOAE Data . 17 ABR Data . 18 Influence of Behavioral Threshold on ABR Level . 23 Accompanying Auditory Symptoms . 24 DISCUSSION . 26 Supra-Threshold ABR Wave I Amplitude . 26 Supra-Threshold DPOAE Level . 28 ABR and DPOAE Threshold Responses . 29 Influence of ABR Recording Electrode . 31 ABR Wave V Amplitude . 33 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Quantifying Noise Exposure Background . 36 Clinical Implications of the Research Outcomes . 37 Future Research . 38 CONCLUSIONS. 39 REFERENCES . 40 APPENDIX A: Literature Review . 49 APPENDIX B: Noise Exposure Questionnaire (NEQ) and Computation . 64 APPENDIX C: Research Consent Form . 73 APPENDIX D: Figures and Tables . 80 Figure 1: Histogram of NEQs . 81 Figure 2: Noise Dosimeter and NEQ Relationship . 82 Figure 3: DPOAE Threshold . 83 Figure 4: Supra-Threshold DPOAE Data . 84 Figure 5: Example ABR Waveform. 85 Figure 6: Click-Evoked ABR Threshold . 86 Figure 7: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 1 kHz Wave I Mastoid . 87 Figure 8: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 1 kHz Wave I Tympanic Membrane . 88 Figure 9: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 4 kHz Wave I Mastoid . 89 Figure 10: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 4 kHz Wave I Tympanic Membrane . 90 Figure 11: Supra-threshold ABR Data: Click Wave I Mastoid . 91 Figure 12: Supra-threshold ABR Data: Click Wave I Tympanic Membrane . 92 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Figure 13: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 1 kHz Wave V Mastoid . 93 Figure 14: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 1 kHz Wave V Tympanic Membrane . 94 Figure 15: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 4 kHz Wave V Mastoid . 95 Figure 16: Supra-threshold ABR Data: 4 kHz Wave V Tympanic Membrane . 96 Figure 17: Supra-threshold ABR Data: Click Wave V Mastoid . 97 Figure 18: Supra-threshold ABR Data: Click Wave V Tympanic Membrane . 98 Figure 19: Accompanying Auditory Symptoms: Wave I Mastoid . 99 Figure 20: Accompanying Auditory Symptoms: Wave V Mastoid . 100 Table 1: Supra-Threshold DPOAE Data . 101 Table 2: ABR Descriptive Statistics . 102 Table 3: Supra-Threshold ABR Wave I Data . 103 Table 4: Supra-Threshold ABR Wave V Data . 104 Table 5: Influence of Behavioral Threshold on ABR Amplitude . 105
The effect of logo programming language for creativity and problem solving

The effect of Logo programming language for creativity and problem solving was investigated. Eighty-five fifth grade students were assigned to a Logo experiment and control group. They were pretested to assess receptive fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, logical word problem solving skill, and figural problem solving skill. After 8 weeks of learning, the Logo experimental group had significantly higher score than control group on the test of problem solving skill (logical word, figural problem solving) and figural creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration). The result revealed significantly differences for creativity especially in flexibility and originality and figural problem solving skill between the Logo experimental group and the control group. An implication was Logo programming may provide opportunities for improvement of creativity and problem solving skill. Possible alternative explanation and suggestions for future research were provided.