Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What ’ s in a Name ? : Proper Names in Arabic Cross Language Information Retrieval

Proper names are problematic for cross language information retrieval. Standard bilingual dictionaries typically have poor coverage of proper names. On the other hand, IR tasks involving news corpora, like TDT and TREC cross language IR, have proper names at their core. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of proper names in one such task, the TREC 2002 (Arabic-English) cross language track, by showing that performance degrades a tremendous amount when the bilingual lexicons do not have proper names. We then examine several different sources of proper name translations from English to Arabic, both static and generative (transliteration) and explore their effectiveness in the context of the TREC 2002 cross language IR task. We support a conclusion that a combination of static translation resources plus transliteration provides a successful solution.
“We just thought that this was Christmas”: perceived benefits of participating in aphasia, stroke, and other groups

Background: Research on the benefits of group participation for adults with aphasia poststroke has tended to focus on interventions led by speech–language therapists (SLTs). Over the course of their lives after a stroke, however, individuals with aphasia may participate in a variety of types of groups including peer-facilitated aphasia, volunteer-facilitated aphasia, stroke, and general groups. Aims: The study explored the benefits for adults with aphasia of all the groups they had chosen to participate in poststroke, as perceived by the individuals with aphasia and their family members (FMs). Methods & Procedures: A qualitative descriptive approach was used to address the research aim. The first author conducted semistructured interviews with 10 adults with aphasia and six of their FMs. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify codes and categories of perceived benefits. Outcomes & Results: Analysis revealed 25 perceived benefits of participating in groups for adults with aphasia that fell into five categories: psychosocial, communication, participation, information, and other. These benefits varied depending on whether the group was an SLT-facilitated aphasia, peer-facilitated aphasia, volunteer-facilitated aphasia, stroke, or general group. Conclusions: The investigation reinforces the importance of ensuring that a broad range of well-facilitated group options are available for adults with aphasia to participate in, if they wish, over the course of their lives poststroke.
Orthogonal $*$-basis of relative symmetry classes of polynomials

In this note, the existence of orthogonal â-basis of the symmetry classes of polynomials is discussed. Analogously to the orthogonal â-basis of symmetry classes of tensor, some criteria for the existence of the basis for finite groups are provided. A condition for the existence of such basis of symmetry classes of polynomials associated to symmetric groups and some irreducible characters is also investigated.
Experimental and computational investigation of root-radius melting in C-shaped solid armatures

Hearing at the root or throat position in C-shaped armatures is a concern because it can lead to cracking, melting, and premature failure. This paper presents results from experiments in which railgun armatures made of 7075 aluminum alloy were recovered after being launched at various levels of electrical action. Inspection of the recovered armatures showed reproducible patterns of damage at the root position that correlated with the severity of the launch conditions. Damage ranged from deformation and cracking at low levels of electrical action to melting to ejection of material and magnetic sawing at higher levels of action. There appears to be a threshold beyond which damage begins to propagate rapidly into the armature. The temperature rise in the armature was modeled with the 3D finite element analysis (FEA) program EMAP3D. Our results show that it is possible to predict the onset of severe damage without modeling the complex phase-change behavior of the materials.
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION: ACADEMIC VALUES AND SUSTAINABLE MODELS

This study reports on five interdisciplinary case studies that explore academic value systems as they influence publishing behavior and attitudes of University of California, Berkeley faculty. The case studies are based on direct interviews with relevant stakeholdersâ€”faculty, advancement reviewers, librarians, and editorsâ€”in five fields: chemical engineering, anthropology, law and economics, English-language literature, and biostatistics. The results of the study strongly confirm the vital role of peer review in faculty attitudes and actual publishing behavior. There is much more experimentation, however, with regard to means of in-progress communication, where single means of publication and communication are not fixed so deeply in values and tradition as they are for final, archival publication. We conclude that approaches that try to "move" faculty and deeply embedded value systems directly toward new forms of archival, "final" publication are destined largely to failure in the short-term. From our perspective, a more promising route is to (1) examine the needs of scholarly researchers for both final and in-progress communications, and (2) determine how those needs are likely to influence future scenarios in a range of disciplinary areas.
Statistics of delta peaks in the spectral density of large random trees

We present an analysis of the spectral density of the adjacency matrix of large random trees. We show that there is an infinity of delta peaks at all real numbers which are eigenvalues of finite trees. By exact enumerations and Monte-Carlo simulations, we have numerical estimations of the heights of peaks. In the large tree limit, the sum of their heights is 0.19173 +- 0.00005. Moreover all associated eigenvectors are strictly localized on a finite number of nodes. The rest of the spectral density is a function which vanishes at all positions of peaks, which are a dense subset of real numbers: so this function is almost everywhere discontinuous. Keywords: random tree, spectral density, density of states, adjacency matrix, localization, delta peak.
Passive Cooperative Targets for Subsurface Physical and Chemical Measurements: A Systems Perspective

We investigate the use of a commercially available ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for probing the response of subsurface sensors designed as passive cooperative targets. Such sensors must meet two design criteria: introduce a signature unique to the sensor which will hence be differentiated from clutter, and introduce in this signature a response characteristic allowing for recovering the physical quantity under investigation. Using piezoelectric substrates for converting the incoming electromagnetic pulse to an acoustic wave confined to the sensor surface (surface acoustic wave transducer) allows for shrinking the sensor dimensions while providing sensing capability through the piezoelectric substrate acoustic wave velocity dependence with the physical quantity under investigation. Two broad ranges of sensing mechanisms are discussed: intrinsic piezoelectric substrate velocity dependence with a quantity—restricted to the measurement of temperature or strain and, hence, torque or pressure—and extrinsic load dependence on the sensor, allowing for the measurement of variable capacitive or resistive loads. In all cases, the delay introduced by the physical quantity variation induces a phase rotation of the returned signal of a few periods at most, to be measured with a resolution of a fraction of a period: the GPR receiver sampling time reference must exhibit a long term stability at least as good as the targeted phase measurement needed to recover the physical quantity. We show that the commercial GPR exhibits excessive time-base drift, yielding a loss in the sensing capability, while a quartz-oscillator-based alternative implementation of the classical stroboscopic sampling receiver compensates for such a drawback.
1 COLLISIONAL TRANSPORT IN NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS

Classical transport theory grossly underestimates collisionally-driven cross-field transport for plasmas in the parameter regime of rc D << λ , where rc c ≡ v/Ω , λ π D T e n 2 2 4 ≡ / . In current experiments operating in this regime, cross-field test particle transport is observed to be a factor of 10 larger than the prediction of classical theory. Heat conduction is enhanced by up to 300 times over classical theory, and viscosity is up to 10 4 times larger. New guiding center theories of transport due to long-range collisions have been developed that agree with the measurements. Theory also predicts that emission and absorption of plasma waves may further enhance the thermal conduction and viscosity, providing a possible mechanism for anomalous thermal conductivity in the electron channel of fusion plasmas.
Peak power estimated from 6‐minute walk distance in Asian patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background and objective: Pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines recommend cycle ergometry training at an intensity that exceeds 60% of peak power (Ppeak) with the aim of achieving a physiologic response. However, many clinicians do not have access to an incremental cycle ergometry test (ICET) to allow prescription of training intensity. No studies have investigated whether the 6MWT can be used to estimate the Ppeak achieved during an ICET in subjects with IPF or in Asian subjects with COPD.
Lithium's effect in forced-swim test is blood level dependent but not dependent on weight loss

The effects of lithium in models of depression are often inconsistent. We aimed to replicate a regimen that induces robust antidepressant effects in the forced-swim test. Mice were treated with three different doses of lithium chloride (LiCl) 0.25, 0.4 or 0.5% in food and the forced-swim test or open field test was performed on day 15. We yoked control mice to food deprivation to test whether lithium-induced food deprivation could cause the lithium effects in the forced-swim test. Treatment with LiCl doses leading to blood levels of 1.3 and 1.4 mmol/l led to highly significant reduction in immobility time in the forced-swim test, but the dose leading to a blood level of 0.8 mmol/l was not different from controls in immobility time. Mice yoked to lithium-induced food deprivation showed no difference in the forced-swim test compared with controls. In conclusion these results suggest that lithium effects in mice in the forced-swim test are dose dependent but not owing to lithium-induced weight loss.
Surface crack subject to mixed mode loading

Stress intensity factor distributions at the edge of semi-circular and semi-elliptical surface cracks are obtained for cracks aligned perpendicular to the surface of a semi-in®nite solid subject to remote shear parallel to the plane of the crack. Mixed mode conditions along the crack edge are characterized. Application to fatigue crack thresholds in mixed mode is discussed. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interaction between Not1p, a Component of the Ccr4-Not Complex, a Global Regulator of Transcription, and Dhh1p, a Putative RNA Helicase*

The Ccr4-Not complex is a global regulator of transcription that affects genes positively and negatively and is thought to regulate transcription factor IID function. Two components of this complex, Caf1p and Ccr4p, are directly involved in mRNA deadenylation, and Caf1p is associated with Dhh1p, a putative RNA helicase thought to be a component of the decapping complex. In this work, we tried to determine whether Dhh1p might interact with the Ccr4-Not complex. We found that, first, not mutations displayed severe synthetic phenotypes when combined with adhh1-null mutation. Second, overexpression of Not1p was toxic in dhh1-null cells. Third, a not mutant phenotype was suppressed by deletion of DHH1 and mimicked by overexpression of DHH1. Fourth, dhh1-null mutants displayed resistance to heat shock, a phenotype observed for all mutants that affect the Ccr4-Not complex. Finally, like Caf1p and Ccr4p, Dhh1p co-immunoprecipitated with the nonessential N-terminal domain of Not1p, and the levels of Caf1p and Dhh1p were dependent upon this Not1p domain. Taken together, our results suggest that the Ccr4-Not complex, via the N-terminal region of Not1p, is necessary for the maintenance of stable cellular levels of Dhh1p and Caf1p, thus contributing to regulation of mRNA decay in addition to transcription.
A Clinical Study of Male Adolescent Sexual Offenders

A study comparing twenty-four male juvenile sex offenders and twenty-four other delinquents matched for age and social class showed few differences between the two groups. The differences indicate a higher prevalence of middle class boys, lower intellectual functioning and less incidence of truancy, alcohol abuse and temper tantrums among the sex offenders. The possible explanations of such findings are discussed.
Separate Cavity Margin Sampling at the Time of Initial Breast Lumpectomy Significantly Reduces the Need for Reexcisions

In breast conservation therapy, the margin status of the specimen predicts local recurrence and determines the need for reexcision. Many surgeons now take, at the time of lumpectomy, multiple separate “cavity margins” (CM) (the entire wall of the residual cavity) as final margins that supersede the oriented lumpectomy margins (LMs). We studied the efficacy of this method in 126 patients (23 with ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] only and 103 with invasive carcinoma with or without DCIS) who had an oriented lumpectomy specimen and also had four to six additional CMs. The tumors were evaluated for the following: size, grade, LM status (distance of tumor from margin and, if involved, extent of involvement), vascular invasion, lymph node status, and presence or absence of extensive intraductal component. The additional CM specimens were evaluated for residual carcinoma (if any) and its distance from the inked true margins, and the results were correlated with the corresponding LMs. Only approximately 50% of patients (52 of 103) with histologically positive LMs (defined as carcinoma within 2 mm of the inked surface) had residual carcinoma in their CMs. Additional CM sampling rendered the overall final margin status histologically negative in 61 of 103 (59%) cases with histologically positive LMs, therefore significantly reducing the need for reexcision. Younger patient age, higher number of positive LMs, high tumor grade, and the presence of extensive intraductal component were predictive of residual carcinoma in CM specimens, whereas the distance of carcinoma from the inked surface and the extent of tumor involvement of histologically positive LMs were not. Because CM specimens taken from patients with histologically positive LMs usually lack tumor, we suspect that many positive LMs are likely false positives. Possible factors accounting for false-positive LMs include seepage of ink into crevices of the specimen promoted by excessive inking, tumor friability promoting displacement of tumor into ink, manipulation of specimens for radiographs, and retraction artifact.
On the relation between genuine and simulated amnesia

claims of amnesia in legal cases, it to simulated. This of the relation between genuine and simulated amnesia and discusses issues that are critical to understanding of the problem. It is argued that there are few well established facts regarding the nature of simulated amnesia, and no evidence that experts can distinguish accurately between genuine and simulated amnesia. Suggestions are made for future research that draw upon recent ad-vances in cognitive psychology, social psychology, and neuropsychology. can be assessed in the absence of knowledge about the contents of the unrecalled event, and is, there-fore, potentially applicable to actual cases of alleged limited amnesia. To assess feelings of knowing in the genuine and simulating groups, Experimenter B required subjects to rate the likelihood that they could remember the forgotten event if (a) they were given more time to do so, (b) they were provided with hints or cues concerning the event, and (c) they were given the correct answer along with an incorrect alternative on a forced-choice recognition test. The results of the three experiments revealed both similarities and differences between genuine and simulating subjects. On the one hand, both subject groups rated that they would be least likely to remember the event if they were simply given more time, would be more likely to remember if they were given cues or hints, and would be most likely to remember if they were given the two-choice recognition test. On the other hand, the patterns of feeling of knowing ratings did provide a basis for detecting simulators: They expressed less confidence that they could remember the event in the presence of cues or on a recognition test than did genuinely forgetful subjects.
The firm: towards a study of 400 football gangs

The essay looks at how to conduct better contemporary research into football hooligan gangs in the light of flawed media reporting of the phenomenon and a general move away from the rich tradition of ethnography in sociology, physical cultural studies and criminology in recent years. The essay explores some theoretical and methodological issues arising from conducting a research project into football hooligan writings. It looks at the project's utility for longer term ethnographic and historical research into the many hundreds of football hooligan gangs that can be identified in a longitudinal cultural mapping of the field. The essay presents material from a sustained archival research project where one copy of each item of a genre known as football hooligan memoirs was archived, and authors and publishers were interviewed. The essay is an audit for a contemporary and possible future study of football hooligan gangs.
Is caring for elderly relatives with depression as stressful as caring for those with dementia? a pilot study in melbourne

The 30‐item General Health questionnaire (GHQ‐30) scores of the primary carers of 31 elderly patients with depression were compared with the GHQ‐30 scores of 30 primary carers of dementia sufferers. Carers of dementia sufferers who lived with their demented relative had GHQ‐30 scores almost four times higher than those carers who lived apart from a dementia sufferer. There was no difference in the GHQ‐30 scores of carers of depressed subjects living with or apart from their affected relative. Carers of demented patients tended on average to have higher GHQ‐30 scores than carers of depressed patients, but this difference was almost entirely accounted for by the fact that more carers of demented patients lived with their ill relatives. Patient and carer age and sex and severity of patients' depression were not related to the GHQ‐30 scores of their carers.
‘The body we leave behind’: a qualitative study of obstacles and opportunities for increasing uptake of male circumcision among Tanzanian Christians

Objectives Male circumcision (MC) reduces HIV infection by approximately 60% among heterosexual men and is recommended by the WHO for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. In northwest Tanzania, over 60% of Muslims but less than 25% of Christian men are circumcised. We hypothesised that the decision to circumcise may be heavily influenced by religious identity and that specific religious beliefs may offer both obstacles and opportunities to increasing MC uptake, and conducted focus group discussions to explore reasons for low rates of MC among Christian church attenders in the region. Design Qualitative study using focus group discussions and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Setting Discussions took place at churches in both rural and urban areas of the Mwanza region of northwest Tanzania. Participants We included 67 adult Christian churchgoers of both genders in a total of 10 single-gender focus groups. Results Christians frequently reported perceiving MC as a Muslim practice, as a practice for the sexually promiscuous, or as unnecessary since they are taught to focus on ‘circumcision of the heart’. Only one person had ever heard MC discussed at church, but nearly all Christian parishioners were eager for their churches to address MC and felt that MC could be consistent with their faith. Conclusions Christian religious beliefs among Tanzanian churchgoers provide both obstacles and opportunities for increasing uptake of MC. Since half of adults in sub-Saharan Africa identify themselves as Christians, addressing these issues is critical for MC efforts in this region.
The Language of Psychological Change

This study uses linguistic analysis to investigate psychological changes associated with an emotion regulation strategy integrating psychological acceptance and positive reappraisal, as compared to two established strategies. Two hundred and sixty-nine undergraduate participants wrote for 4 consecutive days, 20 minutes each day, about the biggest problem in their lives and were randomly assigned to use one of three emotion regulation strategies: (a) acceptance + positive reappraisal, (2) emotional disclosure, or (3) positive reappraisal. Linguistic analyses were conducted to examine changes in attentional focus and insightful and causal thinking in the writings. Results indicated that participants who integrated acceptance and positive reappraisal wrote less about the past and more about the future, and used more insight words, over the course of writing relative to the other two conditions. In addition, they used a decreasing amount of first-person singular pronouns (e.g., “I”) and increased more in their use of first-person plural pronouns (e.g., “we”). Implications of these language findings for understanding underlying psychological changes are discussed.
Hepatitis E in Children: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in large parts of the developing world. Waterborne transmission of genotypes 1 or 2 commonly causes acute hepatitis, which is usually self-limited in healthy individuals. In addition, acute HEV infections also occur outside endemic areas, mostly related to foodborne transmission of HEV genotype 3. A growing number of publications in the last decade have reported chronic infection progressing to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. It has also been suggested that HEV transmission may occur via contaminated blood products. This publication aims to provide recommendations for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HEV infection, particularly in children after solid organ transplantation. METHODS A systematic PubMed literature search on HEV infection from 1990 to January 2016 was performed focusing on pediatric studies. The existing body of evidence was reviewed and recommendations were agreed upon following discussion and unanimous agreement by all members of the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee during a consensus meeting in January 2016. In the absence of randomized controlled studies these recommendations were considered to be expert opinions. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS Immunocompetent children with increased transaminases and/or extrahepatic manifestations should be considered for testing for evidence of HEV infection. Immunocompromised children with increased aminotransferases should be repeatedly tested for HEV and may require therapeutic intervention.