Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domestic wage determination: Regional Spillovers and inward investment

This paper evaluates the extent of inter- industry, and inter-regional wage spillovers across the UK. A large literature exists suggesting that wages elsewhere affect wage determination and levels of satisfaction, but this paper extends the analysis to examine the effects of inward investment in the process. Thus far the specific effect of foreign wages on domestic wage determination has not been evaluated. Using industry and regional level panel data for the UK the paper reports evidence that such wage spillovers do occur, and that they are more widespread for skilled, than for unskilled workers and also lower in areas of high unemployment.
Contribution of Archaea to Total Prokaryotic Production in the Deep Atlantic Ocean

ABSTRACT Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in combination with polynucleotide probes revealed that the two major groups of planktonic Archaea (Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota) exhibit a different distribution pattern in the water column of the Pacific subtropical gyre and in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system. While Euryarchaeota were found to be more dominant in nearsurface waters, Crenarchaeota were relatively more abundant in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters. We determined the abundance of archaea in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic North Atlantic along a south-north transect of more than 4,000 km. Using an improved catalyzed reporter deposition-FISH (CARD-FISH) method and specific oligonucleotide probes, we found that archaea were consistently more abundant than bacteria below a 100-m depth. Combining microautoradiography with CARD-FISH revealed a high fraction of metabolically active cells in the deep ocean. Even at a 3,000-m depth, about 16% of the bacteria were taking up leucine. The percentage of Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeaota taking up leucine did not follow a specific trend, with depths ranging from 6 to 35% and 3 to 18%, respectively. The fraction of Crenarchaeota taking up inorganic carbon increased with depth, while Euryarchaeota taking up inorganic carbon decreased from 200 m to 3,000 m in depth. The ability of archaea to take up inorganic carbon was used as a proxy to estimate archaeal cell production and to compare this archaeal production with total prokaryotic production measured via leucine incorporation. We estimate that archaeal production in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic North Atlantic contributes between 13 to 27% to the total prokaryotic production in the oxygen minimum layer and 41 to 84% in the Labrador Sea Water, declining to 10 to 20% in the North Atlantic Deep Water. Thus, planktonic archaea are actively growing in the dark ocean although at lower growth rates than bacteria and might play a significant role in the oceanic carbon cycle.
CEACAM1 Negatively Regulates IL-1β Production in LPS Activated Neutrophils by Recruiting SHP-1 to a SYK-TLR4-CEACAM1 Complex

LPS-activated neutrophils secrete IL-1β by activation of TLR-4. Based on studies in macrophages, it is likely that ROS and lysosomal destabilization regulated by Syk activation may also be involved. Since neutrophils have abundant expression of the ITIM-containing co-receptor CEACAM1 and Gram-negative bacteria such as Neisseria utilize CEACAM1 as a receptor that inhibits inflammation, we hypothesized that the overall production of IL-1β in LPS treated neutrophils may be negatively regulated by CEACAM1. We found that LPS treated neutrophils induced phosphorylation of Syk resulting in the formation of a complex including TLR4, p-Syk, and p-CEACAM1, which in turn, recruited the inhibitory phosphatase SHP-1. LPS treatment leads to ROS production, lysosomal damage, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in neutrophils. The absence of this regulation in Ceacam1−/− neutrophils led to hyper production of IL-1β in response to LPS. The hyper production of IL-1β was abrogated by in vivo reconstitution of wild type but not ITIM-mutated CEACAM1 bone marrow stem cells. Blocking Syk activation by kinase inhibitors or RNAi reduced Syk phosphorylation, lysosomal destabilization, ROS production, and caspase-1 activation in Ceacam1−/− neutrophils. We conclude that LPS treatment of neutrophils triggers formation of a complex of TLR4 with pSyk and pCEACAM1, which upon recruitment of SHP-1 to the ITIMs of pCEACAM1, inhibits IL-1β production by the inflammasome. Thus, CEACAM1 fine-tunes IL-1β production in LPS treated neutrophils, explaining why the additional utilization of CEACAM1 as a pathogen receptor would further inhibit inflammation.
Sex differences in quality of life after ischemic stroke

Objective: We aimed to compare quality of life (QOL) in women and men after ischemic stroke or TIA, and to determine the incremental impact of demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and stroke-specific effects on longitudinal QOL. Methods: We assessed QOL in patients with ischemic stroke or TIA at 3 and 12 months postdischarge in the Adherence eValuation After Ischemic stroke–Longitudinal Registry using the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) instrument. We generated multivariable linear regression models to evaluate the association between sex and EQ-5D while sequentially adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related variables. We also used a proportional odds model to assess sex differences in the change in EQ-5D scores from 3 to 12 months. Results: A total of 1,370 patients were included, 53.7% male, median age 65 years (interquartile range 56–77 years). Women had significantly lower QOL at 3 months (unadjusted EQ-5D 0.81 in women vs 0.84 in men; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.83 vs men 0.84; p < 0.001) poststroke. After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and stroke-related factors, women continued to have lower QOL at 3 months (mean difference −0.036; p = 0.003) and at 12 months (mean difference −0.022; p = 0.046). Women fared worse in the dimensions of mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression at 3 and 12 months. There were no sex differences in change in EQ-5D score from 3 to 12 months. Conclusion: Women have worse QOL than men up to 12 months after stroke, even after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables, stroke severity, and disability.
The Role of SaaS Service Quality for Continued SaaS Use: Empirical Insights from SaaS Using Firms

Despite its success in the software industry, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) still struggles with fulfilling customer expectations regarding service quality. To contain customer churn rates to low levels, SaaS providers have to address their service quality weak spots and find out which factors are crucial for continued SaaS usage. Drawing on previous service quality literature, we develop a Zone-of-Tolerance (ZOT)-based SaaS-QUAL scale and validate it in a model of IS continuance based on two empirical surveys of SaaS using firms. By doing this, we examine the importance of SaaS service quality factors for shaping customer satisfaction and SaaS continuance intentions. Furthermore, we provide insights into what service factors effectively meet or miss SaaS customer expectations. As a practical contribution, we develop and apply a SaaS-QUAL scale that can be used as a diagnostic tool by SaaS providers and users alike. For researchers, we enrich existing research models on IS continuance by integrating a more fine-grained conceptualization of service quality confirmation that provides stronger explanatory power than in previous models.
Understanding Sexual Objectification: A Comprehensive Approach Toward Media Exposure and Girls' Internalization of Beauty Ideals, Self‐Objectification, and Body Surveillance

The relationship between exposure to sexually objectifying music television, primetime television programs, fashion magazines, and social networking sites and the internalization of beauty ideals, self-objectification, and body surveillance was examined among adolescent girls (N = 558). A structural equation model showed direct relationships between sexually objectifying media and the internalization of beauty ideals, and indirect relationships between sexually objectifying media and self-objectification, and body surveillance through the internalization of beauty ideals. The direct relationships between sexually objectifying media and the internalization of beauty ideals, self-objectification, and body surveillance differed across the types of sexually objectifying media. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings to explain self-objectification among girls.
Influence of gender and leadership style on career commitment and job performance of subordinates

This study investigated the influence of gender of supervisors and leadership style on career commitment and job performance of subordinates. The participants used in this study are 140 employees working in two breweries in Edo State. Sixty –seven (67) of the respondents were directly working under female supervisors while seventy - three (73) were working under male supervisors. The instrument used was a questionnaire with already validated items. The independent variables are gender and leadership styles, while the dependent variables are career commitment and job performance. A 2-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), was used to analyse the data collected. All the hypotheses were supported in the predicted direction, as shown, males who work under democratic female leaders had higher mean score on job performance than females working under autocratic female leaders (28.37 vs 18.24). Males who work under autocratic female leaders had a higher mean score on career commitment than females working under democratic female leaders (41.34 vs 34.12). In the light of these findings, the researchers recommended that management in various organizations should provide suitable conditions for the growth and development of the organization. Also, organizational members should learn to put off gender biases and concentrate on effectiveness and productivity.
Rethinking the Rule of Law: Concepts, Measures, and Theory

Like many major targets of social inquiry, the rule of law seems to be an essentially contested concept (Gallie, 1956; Collier, Hidalgo, and Maciuceanu; 2007, Waldron, 2002). The literature teems with definitions of the rule of law, emphasizing attributes ranging from formal legality and checks and balances to order, democracy, and individual rights (Møller and Skaaning, in this issue). And while surveys of competing definitions exist, scholars have yet to converge on a systematized concept amenable to operationalization. One fundamental debate concerns “thick” versus “thin” definitions of the rule of law (Møller and Skaaning, in this issue). Another unsettled question is whether we should only consider legal-based attributes or whether political behavior-based attributes should be included as well (Sarsfield, 2010). As Bergman claims in this issue, “rule of law transcends the competence of courts and the judicial branch” and “should be understood as a social equilibrium where the vast majority of citizens accept to be ruled most of the time by binding and general norms that have a high probability of compliance” (pp. 175).
Chromatin differentiation between Theobroma cacao L. and T. grandiflorum Schum

A comparative analysis of mitotic chromosomes of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuaçu) was performed aiming to identify cytological differences between the two most important species of this genus. Both species have symmetric karyotypes, with 2n = 20 metacentric chromosomes ranging in size from 2.00 to 1.19 μm (cacao) and from 2.21 to 1.15 μm (cupuaçu). The interphase nuclei of both species were of the arreticulate type, displaying up to 20 chromocentres, which were more regularly shaped in cacao than in cupuaçu. Prophase chromosomes of both species were more condensed in the proximal region, sometimes including the whole short arm. Both species exhibited only one pair of terminal heterochromatic bands, positively stained with chromomycin A 3 , which co-localized with the single 45S rDNA site. Each karyotype displayed a single 5S rDNA site in the proximal region of another chromosome pair. Heterochromatic bands were also observed on the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of all 20 chromosomes of cacao after C-banding followed by Giemsa or DAPI staining, whereas in cupuaçu they were never detected. These data suggest that the chromosomes of both species have been largely conserved and their pericentromeric chromatin is the only citologically differentiated region.
Biology, Culture, and Temperamental Biases

This chapter discusses the concept of human temperaments. It summarizes the possible neurochemical foundations for varied biases with a special focus on the childhood categories of inhibited and uninhibited to the unfamiliar and their infant origins in high and low reactivity in infants. The chapter also discusses the relation of temperaments to attachment, psychopathology, morality, and ethnicity. Keywords: temperament; amygdala; attachment; infant reactivity; inhibition; morality; neurochemistry; psychopathology
Chemoreceptors in bacteria.

For a hundred years it was known that motile bacteria are attracted to a variety of small organic molecules. However, few scientists were interested in bacterial chemotaxis, probably because they were unwilling to believe that these lowly organisms possessed any capability for information processing or could exhibit even simple forms of behavior. Despite evidence to the contrary, it was generally assumed that chemotaxis and metabolism were hopelessly entwined. Bacteria simply congregated where the food was; after all, that was where growth rates were fastest. Julius Adler broke this prejudice. Undaunted by peer pressure, Adler set out to uncover the molecular basis for bacterial chemotaxis and, in particular, to test rigorously the perceived connection between this phenomenon and metabolism. First he modified a method developed by Pfeffer in the 1880s to permit a quantitative analysis of chemotaxis with Escherichia coli, an experimentally tractable organism. Basically this method involves inserting a capillary containing an attractant solution into a suspension of bacteria and then counting the cells that swim into the tube after a defined incubation period. Legend has it that he searched the sewers of Madison, Wis. , to find an intelligent strain of E. coli. Domesticated strains, which are used to a life of luxury, had become either stupid or paralyzed. The paper is written in a beautifully clear, Socratic style; questions are posed and answers are provided. With this quantitative assay, Adler presented five lines of evidence demonstrating that bacteria have chemoreceptors for attractants: (i) some metabolites fail to attract, (ii) some attractants cannot be metabolized, (iii) attractants can be detected even when cells are flooded with metabolites, (iv) competition is observed with structurally related attractants, and (v) mutants defective in chemotaxis can still metabolize the molecule in question. Moreover, using attractant competition and mutant analysis, he went on to identify at least five different chemoreceptors. Appropriately enough, the paper ends with a section entitled “Implications for neurobiology and behavioral biology. ” Adler's elegantly simple experiments demonstrated that bacteria such as E. coli can sense and process environmental information with surprising sophistication. Now many scientists were “attracted” to chemotaxis, and the field grew exponentially. What is remarkable is the diversity of these scientific converts. They include mathematicians and physicists, biochemists and structural biologists, geneticists and molecular biologists, and neurobiologists. Despite the fact that the components of E. coli's “brain” have been identified and analyzed in great detail, important questions remain, including the basis for the large range of ligand sensitivity and the mechanisms of signal amplification and adaptation. Because these questions are fundamental to any sensory system, it is likely that bacterial chemotaxis will remain at the forefront of this important research field. Julius Adler spawned an enormously productive enterprise. THOMAS J. SILHAVY
Fast swept volume approximation of complex polyhedral models

We present an efficient algorithm to approximate the swept volume (SV) of a complex polyhedron along a given trajectory. Given the boundary description of the polyhedron and a path specified as a parametric curve, our algorithm enumerates a superset of the boundary surfaces of SV. It consists of ruled and developable surface primitives, and the SV corresponds to the outer boundary of their arrangement. We approximate this boundary by using a five-stage pipeline. This includes computing a bounded-error approximation of each surface primitive, computing unsigned distance fields on a uniform grid, classifying all grid points using fast marching front propagation, iso-surface reconstruction, and topological refinement. We also present a novel and fast algorithm for computing the signed distance of surface primitives as well as a number of techniques based on surface culling, fast marching level-set methods and rasterization hardware to improve the performance of the overall algorithm. We analyze different sources of error in our approximation algorithm and highlight its performance on complex models composed of thousands of polygons. In practice, it is able to compute a bounded error approximation in tens of seconds for models composed of thousands of polygons sweeping along a complex trajectory.
A POS-based Ensemble Model for Cross-domain Sentiment Classification

In this paper, we focus on the tasks of cross-domain sentiment classification. We find across different domains, features with some types of part-of-speech (POS) tags are domain-dependent, while some others are domain-free. Based on this finding, we proposed a POS-based ensemble model to efficiently integrate features with different types of POS tags to improve the classification performance. Weights are trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize the perceptron and minimal classification error (MCE) criteria. Experimental results show that the proposed ensemble model is quite effective for the task of cross-domain sentiment classification.
Ingestion of quercetin inhibits platelet aggregation and essential components of the collagen‐stimulated platelet activation pathway in humans

Summary. Background: Quercetin, a flavonoid present in the human diet, which is found in high levels in onions, apples, tea and wine, has been shown previously to inhibit platelet aggregation and signaling in vitro. Consequently, it has been proposed that quercetin may contribute to the protective effects against cardiovascular disease of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Objectives: A pilot human dietary intervention study was designed to investigate the relationship between the ingestion of dietary quercetin and platelet function. Methods: Human subjects ingested either 150 mg or 300 mg quercetin‐4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside supplement to determine the systemic availability of quercetin. Platelets were isolated from subjects to analyse collagen‐stimulated cell signaling and aggregation. Results: Plasma quercetin concentrations peaked at 4.66 µm (± 0.77) and 9.72 µm (± 1.38) 30 min after ingestion of 150‐mg and 300‐mg doses of quercetin‐4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, respectively, demonstrating that quercetin was bioavailable, with plasma concentrations attained in the range known to affect platelet function in vitro. Platelet aggregation was inhibited 30 and 120 min after ingestion of both doses of quercetin‐4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside. Correspondingly, collagen‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of total platelet proteins was inhibited. This was accompanied by reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase Syk and phospholipase Cγ2, components of the platelet glycoprotein VI collagen receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence of the relatively high systemic availability of quercetin in the form of quercetin‐4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside by supplementation, and implicates quercetin as a dietary inhibitor of platelet cell signaling and thrombus formation.
The moderating role of development stage in free/open source software project performance

The main thesis developed and tested in this article is that development stage plays an important moderating role in determining both objective and subjective performance outcomes in free/open source software (F/OSS) projects. This contention is supported by an empirical study of 67 F/OSS projects, with results indicating that subjective performance assessments are calibrated to different objective performance indicators across early and later development stages. The role of team climate variables (trust and shared ideology) in determining both objective and subjective performance also varies across stages. The findings have implications for improving software development processes through appropriate human resource management interventions over the course of F/OSS software projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies

People strive to exercise control over events that affect their lives. By exerting influence in spheres over which they can command some control, they are better able to realize desired futures and to forestall undesired ones. The striving for control over life circumstances permeates almost everything people do because it can secure them innumerable personal and social benefits. The ability to affect outcomes makes them predictable. Predictability fosters adoptive preparedness. Inability to exert influence over things that adversely affect one's life breeds apprehension, apathy, or despair. The capability to produce valued outcomes and to prevent undesired ones, therefore, provides powerful incentives for the development and exercise of personal control. Although a strong sense of efficacy in socially valued pursuits is conducive to human attainment and well-being, it is not an unmixed blessing. The impact of personal efficacy on the nature and quality of life depends, of course, on the purposes to which it is put. For example, the lives of innovators and social reformers driven by unshakable efficacy are not easy ones. They are often the objects of derision, condemnation, and persecution, even though societies eventually benefit from their persevering efforts. Many people who gain recognition and fame shape their lives by overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles only to be catapulted to new social realities over which they have lesser control. Indeed, the annals of the famed and infamous are strewn with individuals who were both architects and victims of their destinies.