Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ingenol Mebutate Signals via PKC/MEK/ERK in Keratinocytes and Induces Interleukin Decoy Receptors IL1R2 and IL13RA2

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common human skin cancer and the second leading cause of skin cancer–related death. Recently, a new compound, ingenol mebutate, was approved for treatment of actinic keratosis, a precursor of SCC. As the mechanism of action is poorly understood, we have further investigated the mechanism of ingenol mebutate–induced cell death. We elucidate direct effects of ingenol mebutate on primary keratinocytes, patient-derived SCC cells, and a SCC cell line. Transcriptional profiling followed by pathway analysis was performed on ingenol mebutate–treated primary keratinocytes and patient-derived SCC cells to find key mediators and identify the mechanism of action. Activation of the resulting pathways was confirmed in cells and human skin explants and supported by a phosphorylation screen of treated primary cells. The necessity of these pathways was demonstrated by inhibition of certain pathway components. Ingenol mebutate inhibited viability and proliferation of all keratinocyte-derived cells in a biphasic manner. Transcriptional profiling identified the involvement of PKC/MEK/ERK signaling in the mechanism of action and inhibition of this signaling pathway rescued ingenol mebutate–induced cell death after treatment with 100 nmol/L ingenol mebutate, the optimal concentration for the first peak of response. We found the interleukin decoy receptors IL1R2 and IL13RA2 induced by ingenol mebutate in a PKC/MEK/ERK–dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of IL1R2 and IL13RA2 partially rescued ingenol mebutate–treated cells. In conclusion, we have shown that ingenol mebutate–induced cell death is mediated through the PKCδ/MEK/ERK pathway, and we have functionally linked the downstream induction of IL1R2 and IL13RA2 expression to the reduced viability of ingenol mebutate–treated cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(9); 2132–42. ©2015 AACR.
Revisiting Semi-Supervised Learning for Online Deceptive Review Detection

With more consumers using online opinion reviews to inform their service decision making, opinion reviews have an economical impact on the bottom line of businesses. Unsurprisingly, opportunistic individuals or groups have attempted to abuse or manipulate online opinion reviews (e.g., spam reviews) to make profits and so on, and that detecting deceptive and fake opinion reviews is a topic of ongoing research interest. In this paper, we explain how semi-supervised learning methods can be used to detect spam reviews, prior to demonstrating its utility using a data set of hotel reviews.
Effects of violent pornography upon viewer's rape myth beliefs: A study of Japanese males

Abstract In order to examine the effects of pornography on beliefs in rape myths among Japanese men, the subjects' beliefs were measured before and after exposure to home video pornography. Before the exposure, 150 male students were asked to respond to scales regarding rape myths and rape proclivity. Of that number, seventy-two voluntarily participated in the film experiment and post-exposure measurement of rape myths. They viewed either a positive rape film in which a female victim expressed pleasure, a negative rape film in which she expressed pain, or a consenting sex film. The film viewing resulted in measurable effects on the subjects' subscription to rape myths, that is, those who viewed positive rape film rated that significantly higher percentages of women could enjoy rapes, as well as higher percentages of rape cases were invented by the victims, than those who viewed the films of the other two categories, The subjects' rape proclivity assessment correlated positively with some measures of belie.
Higher expression of WNT5A protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared with dysplasia and oral mucosa with a normal appearance

WNT5A is a secreted signaling protein that promotes migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells through activation of non‐canonical WNT signaling. Here, we examined expression of WNT5A, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin by immunohistochemistry in 21 human diagnostic incision biopsies that each had regions of oral mucosa with a normal appearance adjacent to the affected tissue, dysplasia, and OSCC. We also investigated the effect of recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) on expression of the cell‐adhesion proteins E‐cadherin and β‐catenin by western blot analysis. No expression of WNT5A protein was present in oral mucosa with a normal appearance or in mild grade dysplasia. However, expression of WNT5A increased along with increasing grade of dysplasia, and the highest expression was detected in OSCCs. Expression of membranous β‐catenin and of E‐cadherin was lower, whereas expression of cytoplasmic β‐catenin was higher, in OSCCs than in non‐cancerous regions. However, there was no correlation between expression of WNT5A and expression of either β‐catenin or E‐cadherin. Furthermore, treatment of OSCC cells with rWNT5A had no effect on the expression of β‐catenin or E‐cadherin. Taken together with previous results, we conclude that WNT5A influences the progression of OSCC without affecting the canonical WNT/β‐catenin pathway and without down‐regulating E‐cadherin. WNT5A may have potential as a biological marker for malignant transformation of dysplasia to OSCC.
QurAna: Corpus of the Quran annotated with Pronominal Anaphora

This paper presents QurAna: a large corpus created from the original Quranic text, where personal pronouns are tagged with their antecedence. These antecedents are maintained as an ontological list of concepts, which have proved helpful for information retrieval tasks. QurAna is characterized by: (a) comparatively large number of pronouns tagged with antecedent information (over 24,500 pronouns), and (b) maintenance of an ontological concept list out of these antecedents. We have shown useful applications of this corpus. This corpus is first of its kind considering classical Arabic text, which could be used for interesting applications for Modern Standard Arabic as well. This corpus would benefit researchers in obtaining empirical and rules in building new anaphora resolution approaches. Also, such corpus would be used to train, optimize and evaluate existing approaches.
Blacks and the Environment

In the past, social psychological and cultural theories have been used to explain why blacks display lower levels of environmental concern than whites. The article argues that the environmental concern gap that exists between blacks and whites can be better understood by exploring the gap that exists between concern and action. In addition, several factors that influence the existence of an action gap, and the extent to which black groups can be mobilized around environmental issues, are identified. They are (1) level and type of affiliation with voluntary associations, (2) political efficacy, (3) recognition of advocacy channels, (4) access, (5) acquisition of social prerequisites, (6) psychological factors, (7) collective action, and (8) resource mobilization.
Association of a Thr-371 Substitution in a Conserved Amino Acid Motif of Penicillin-Binding Protein 1A with Penicillin Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT We determined the nucleotide sequence between 1,903 and 3,097 bp ofpbp1a, which encodes the transpeptidase domain of PBP 1A, from clinical isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) serotypes 19 (n = 8), 6 (n = 9), 23 (n = 6), and 14 (n = 2) and two penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) isolates. These serotyped PRSP strains were isolated predominantly in Japan from 1993 through 1997. The 25 resistant strains were classified into five groups on the basis of the extent of sequence differences. Strains in groups I (n= 5; serotype 6), II (n = 3; serotype 19), and III (n = 12; different serotypes) had sequences highly homologous to the sequence of pbp1a of PRSP strains from South Africa, Spain, and the United States. The group IV strain (n = 1; serotype 14) had unique deletions from or insertions in the sequences. The sequences of group V strains (n = 4; serotypes 6 and 23) had relatively few differences from the sequences of the PSSP strains. For strains (n = 18) for which the threonine at codon 371 (Thr-371) in a conserved STMK motif of PBP 1A was substituted with an alanine or a serine (in addition to having altered pbp2xand pbp2b genes), penicillin MICs were ≧1.0 μg/ml. The PBPs 1A of these strains showed decreased affinities for [3H]benzylpenicillin and slightly faster mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. In contrast, for strains (n = 4) without a substitution at Thr-371 in PBP 1A but with mutations in both pbp2x and pbp2b, penicillin MICs were 0.125 to 0.25 μg/ml, and the affinities of their PBPs 1A were similar to that of PSSP PBPs 1A. Furthermore, for the Thr-371-substituted strains (n = 3) with alteredpbp2x genes but native pbp2b genes, penicillin MICs were 0.125 to 0.25 μg/ml. These results suggest that amino acid substitution of Thr-371 contributes to the development of penicillin resistance in PRSP strains with altered pbp2x andpbp2b genes.
New Zealand Families

Abstract Family life in New Zealand benefits from a bountiful natural environment and a bicultural heritage. As the first people of the land, Maori contribute rich relational attributes that affect people of all cultures who have settled here. Health, education, welfare and economic realities create particular challenges for New Zealand families, especially those at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum. Labor shortages and the leeching of highly skilled and qualified people offshore in the pursuit of higher incomes places strain on the infrastructure, yet families particularly enjoy time together in the beauty of the land, commitment to the raising of families and the richness of cultural diversity.
Virtual Team Performance in a Highly Competitive Environment

In this article, we empirically validate a version of the input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model (Ilgen, Hollenbeck, Johnson, & Jundt, 2005), adapting it to investigate virtual team performance in a highly competitive environment. Our hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling across time periods with data obtained from 606 professional online gaming teams belonging to the European Electronic Sports League. The findings validate the hypothesized IMOI model, and demonstrate the effects of anticipated emotions on shared motivation of team members. The results contribute to theory and have significant implications for the management of geographically distributed work groups.
Comparison study of the pullout strength of conventional spinal pedicle screws and a novel design in full and backed-out insertions using mechanical tests

Recently, new pedicle screw designs have been developed. However, these designs’ performances are still unclear, especially when backed out after insertion. The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of different screw designs when backed out from full insertion. Seven conventional designs of the pedicle screw and one novel design were inserted into polyurethane foam (0.32 g/cm3). All screws were first fully inserted (43 mm) and were backed out 360°. Axial pullout tests were performed and the reaction force was measured. The results showed that the conical screw of type 1 with a small inner diameter provided the highest pullout strength in both full insertion and backed-out insertion (2401.85 and 2169.82 N, respectively). However, this screw’s pullout strength significantly decreased (9.7%) when backed out from full insertion. There was no significant difference between the conical screw of type 1 with a small inner diameter and double duo core screw (p > 0.01) in backed-out insertion. The cylindrical screw with a small diameter, dual inner core screw and double dual core screw also provided good results in both full insertion (2115.44, 2182.99 and 2226.93 N, respectively) and backed-out conditions (2065.80, 2014.28 and 1941.29 N, respectively). The increased pullout strength of the conical design could be due to the effect of bone compaction. However, the screw exhibited less consistent pullout strength when backed out when compared with the other designs. The conical screw should be inserted to the precise position without turning back, especially in osteoporosis patients. The dual inner core screw and double dual core screw could provide greater stability in both conditions. Care should be taken when using both the cylindrical screw with a small thread depth and the dual outer core screw.
Non-commercial Research and Educational Use including without Limitation Use in Instruction at Your Institution, Sending It to Specific Colleagues That You Know, and Providing a Copy to Your Institution's Administrator. All Other Uses, Reproduction and Distribution, including without Limitation Comm

It is widely accepted that sex steroid hormones play an important and a specific role during the process of sex differentiation in fish. In order to describe the role of the three main sex steroid hormones (testosterone—T, 17b-estradiol—E2 and 11keto-testosterone—11KT) during embryogenesis and sex differentiation in Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, eggs, larvae and juveniles originating from two mixed-sex and two all-female progenies were regularly sampled from fertilization to hatching (D0) and from hatching to day 70 post-hatching (D70). Just after spawning, a significant amount of sex steroids [T (1634.2 pg g À1), E2 (554.4 pg g À1) and 11KT (1513.2 pg g À1)] was measured in non-fertilised eggs suggesting a maternal transmission of these steroids. From D2 to D70 post-hatching, E2 levels were significantly higher in mixed-sex progenies (median: 725.7 pg g À1) than in all-female progenies (156.2 pg g À1) and significantly increased after the onset of the histological differentiation of the gonad in both progenies (D35). Levels of 11KT were significantly higher in mixed-sex (median: 431.5 pg g À1) than in all-female progenies (below the limit of assay detection) and significantly increased at D35 in all-female progenies (median value: 343.2 pg g À1). Mean 11KT to E2 ratio was six-fold higher in mixed-sex progenies (1.35) than in all-female progenies (0.24). The data suggest that the 11-oxygenated androgen (11KT) plays a major role in the male differentiation process, and that sex differentiation in Eurasian perch is probably determined by the 11KT to E2 ratio.
The prevalence of flight anxiety in Norway

A random sample of 1000 persons aged 18-75 years was selected for a study of the prevalence of flight anxiety in Norway, and 79% responded. The results showed that 54% were not afraid at all, 22% were always afraid, and 5% would never fly because of flight anxiety. The flight anxiety had lasted for at least 10 years in 83% of those affected. Expectation of “turbulence”, “engine trouble”, and “collision in the air” were the single items found to cause most discomfort. Flight anxiety was far more common among females: 60% were at least apprehensive, and 9% never fly, compared with 33% and 2%, respectively, among males. The condition increases with age and is particularly common among housewives, those retired, and persons with “other nervous problems”. The present findings are in accordance with similar studies made in Sweden and Iceland.
Imaging the Effects of Propofol on Human Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Using Positron Emission Tomography

The effects of propofol on glucose metabolism in different cerebral regions were observed, using positron emission tomography (PET) technology, to determine a possible cerebral target region. Seven healthy volunteers were injected with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose developing agent for PET scanning whilst awake (control group T1), during sedation (induced by 1.5 μg/ml propofol administered by target controlled injection [TCI], group T2) and when unconsciousness (induced by 2.5 μg/ml propofol administered by TCI, group T3). Whole brain glucose metabolism was reduced during propofol anaesthesia; this was initially observed in the cortical areas at the lower dose of propofol (group T2) but extended to the subcortical regions, especially the thalamus and hippocampus, at the higher dose (group T3). This suggests that these regions of the brain might be important targets that are susceptible to propofol.
The one-point cluster distribution function and its moments

We derive the 1-point probability density function of the smoothed 3-D Abell-ACO cluster density field and we compare it with that of artificial cluster samples, generated as high peaks of a Gaussian field in such a way that they reproduce the low-order (2- and 3-point) correlation functions and the observed cluster selection functions. We find that both real and simulated {\em pdf}'s are well approximated by a log-normal distribution even when the Gaussian smoothing radius is as large as 40 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. Furthermore the low-order moments of the {\em pdf} are found to obey a relation $\gamma = S_{3} \sigma^4$, with $\gamma$ being the skewness and $S_{3}\approx 1.8$. These results are consistent with clusters being high-peaks of an underlying initial Gaussian density field. A by-product of our analysis is that when we rescale the {\em pdf} cluster moments to those of the QDOT-IRAS galaxies, using linear biasing with $b_{cI}\sim 4.5$ and for the common smoothing radius of 20 $h^{-1}$ Mpc, we find them to be significantly smaller than those directly estimated from the QDOT data by Saunders et al. (1991).
Gendering teamwork: Re-writing the feminine

Recognizing the neglect of gender in the prescriptive and critical fields of teamwork, this article explores the gendered processes of teams. The argument presented in this article challenges masculinist discourse inherent in team theorizing and empirical research. This masculinism, we argue, stems from the so-called gender-neutral performance criteria and practices of team organization and management. Analysing The Wisdom of Teams (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993) highlights the implicit gendering processes of the team rhetoric. To illuminate the latent gendered practices a case study, Nylons, is discussed. Both methods of analysis unveil the dominance of masculinist discourses that subjugates and suppresses femaleness and femininity. The article concludes by highlighting areas for furthering critical debates in the teamwork arena that centre on analysing the complex and ambiguous power relations that influence, and are influenced by, the construction and re-construction of gendered identities in teamwork and the gendered relations of power in teamwork practice.
Hair follicle dermal papilla cells at a glance

Mammalian skin is a highly tractable tissue in which to explore epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during development and in postnatal life ([Blanpain and Fuchs, 2009][1]; [Muller-Rover et al., 2001][2]; [Schmidt-Ullrich and Paus, 2005][3]; [Watt and Jensen, 2009][4]). One population of
As covariantes da confiança política na América Latina

Abstract: Culturalist approaches, based on factors related to socialization, and institutionalist one, based on factors related to experience with the political system, compete for the explanation of the factors related to low levels of political trust in Latin America. This paper briefly reviews these two approaches and compares their predictive power to explain political trust in the region. Using data from Latinobarometro 2005, the technique of hierarchical linear model it was applied with the purpose of considering the dependence among observations at country level. The political trust is higher among those who support the president; among those who are in countries that are considered the most democratic; individuals who positively evaluate the economic situation, public policies and government capacity to combat corruption; individuals with greater political sophistication. The cultural variables, interpersonal trust and the assessment of co-citizens also enhance political trust, but have much smaller effect than the institutional variables.
Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Variants and Its Effect on Distribution of Urinary Arsenic Species in People Exposed to Low Inorganic Arsenic in Tap Water: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT Glutathione S-tranferases (GST) are multigenic enzymes that have been associated with arsenic metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphic variants of GST and urinary concentration of arsenic species in people exposed to low levels of arsenic. A cross-sectional study among 66 nonoccupationally exposed subjects, living in the city of Antofagasta, Chile. Polymorphic variants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arsenic species was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of GST variants on arsenic concentration was evaluated using univariate and covariate-adjusted regressions. For both GSTT1 and GSTM1 there were no significant differences in detected arsenic relative species between carriers of the active and null polymorphic variants. There was nondefinitive evidence that polymorphic variants of GST play a role in arsenic metabolism in sample of the Chilean subjects studied.
The Palomar Testbed Interferometer Calibrator Catalog

The Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) archive of observations between 1998 and 2005 is examined for objects appropriate for calibration of optical long-baseline interferometer observations—stars that are predictably pointlike and single. Approximately 1400 nights of data on 1800 objects were examined for this investigation. We compare those observations to an intensively studied object that is a suitable calibrator, HD 217014, and statistically compare each candidate calibrator to that object by computing both a Mahalanobis distance and a principal component analysis. Our hypothesis is that the frequency distribution of visibility data associated with calibrator stars differs from noncalibrator stars such as binary stars. Spectroscopic binaries resolved by PTI, objects known to be unsuitable for calibrator use, are similarly tested to establish detection limits of this approach. From this investigation, we find more than 350 observed stars suitable for use as calibrators (with an additional ≈140 being rejected), corresponding to ≳95% sky coverage for PTI. This approach is noteworthy in that it rigorously establishes calibration sources through a traceable, empirical methodology, leveraging the predictions of spectral energy distribution modeling but also verifying it with the rich body of PTI’s on-sky observations.
Session helpfulness and session evaluation in short‐term counselling

Abstract The relationship between perceived session helpfulness and session evaluation was examined in 11 dyads during eight sessions of short‐term counselling. Results based on the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (Stiles, 1980) showed that, for clients, while depth, arousal, and positivity correlated with perceived session helpfulness, only depth and positivity entered a stepwise regression, yielding a multiple correlation of 0.76. For counsellors, while depth and positivity correlated with session perceived helpfulness, only depth entered the stepwise regression analysis, with a correlation of 0.70. Session depth also consistently correlated with change in perceptions of helpfulness from one session to another. Clients had higher depth scores for sessions that both participants rated as helpful. They had lower depth scores for sessions rated as less helpful by both participants or for sessions where participants disagreed in their helpfulness ratings. The centrality of counselling depth in affecting ex.