Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological Dependence of Mid-Infrared Properties of SDSS Galaxies in the Spitzer SWIRE Survey

We explore the correlation between morphological types and mid-infrared (MIR) properties of an optically flux-limited sample of 154 galaxies from the Fourth Data Release (DR4) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), cross-correlated with Spitzer SWIRE fields of ELAIS-N1, ELAIS-N2, and the Lockman Hole. Aperture photometry is performed on the SDSS and Spitzer images to obtain optical and MIR properties. The morphological classifications are given based on both visual inspection and bulge-disk decomposition in SDSS g- and r-band images. The average bulge-to-total ratio (B/T) is a smooth function over different morphological types. Both the 8 μm (dust) and 24 μm (dust) luminosities and their relative luminosity ratios to 3.6 μm (MIR dust-to-star ratios) present obvious correlations with both the Hubble T-type and B/T. The early-type galaxies notably differ from the late types in the MIR properties, especially in the MIR dust-to-star ratios. It is suggested that the MIR dust-to-star ratio of either νLν[8 μm (dust)]/νLν[3.6 μm] or νLν[24 μm (dust)]/νLν[3.6 μm] is an effective way to separate the early-type galaxies from the late-type ones. Based on the tight correlation between the stellar mass and the 3.6 μm luminosity, we have derived a formula to calculate the stellar mass from the latter. We have also investigated the MIR properties of both edge-on galaxies and barred galaxies in our sample. Since they present similar MIR properties to the other sample galaxies, they do not influence the MIR properties obtained for the entire sample.
Outcomes of Ankle Fractures in Patients with Uncomplicated versus Complicated Diabetes

Background: Patients with diabetes who sustain an ankle fracture are at increased risk for complications including higher rates of in hospital mortality, in-hospital postoperative compli-cations, length of stay and non-routine discharges. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the complications associated with operatively treated ankle fractures in a group of patients with uncomplicated diabetes versus a group of patients with complicated diabetes. Complicated diabetes was defined as diabetes associated with end organ damage such as peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy and/or PAD. Uncomplicated diabetes was defined as diabetes without any of these associated conditions. Our hypothesis was that patients with uncomplicated diabetes would experience fewer complications than those patients with complicated diabetes. Materials and Methods: We compared the complication rates of ankle fracture repair in 46 patients with complicated diabetes and 59 patients with uncomplicated diabetes and calculated odds ratios (OR) for significant findings. Results: At a mean followup of 21.4 months we found that patients with complicated diabetes had 3.8 times increased risk of overall complications 3.4 times increased risk of a non-infectious complication (malunion, nonunion or Charcot arthropathy) and 5 times higher likelihood of needing revision surgery/arthrodesis when compared to patients with uncomplicated diabetes. Open ankle fractures in this diabetic population were associated with a three times higher rate of complications and 3.7 times higher rate of infection. Conclusion: Patients with complicated diabetes have an increased risk of complications after ankle fracture surgery compared to patients with uncomplicated diabetes. Careful preoperative evaluation of the neurovascular status is mandatory, since many patients with diabetes do not recognize that they have neuropathy and/or peripheral artery disease. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective, Case Control Study
A Cryptochrome 2 mutation yields advanced sleep phase in humans

Familial Advanced Sleep Phase (FASP) is a heritable human sleep phenotype characterized by very early sleep and wake times. We identified a missense mutation in the human Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) gene that co-segregates with FASP in one family. The mutation leads to replacement of an alanine residue at position 260 with a threonine (A260T). In mice, the CRY2 mutation causes a shortened circadian period and reduced phase-shift to early-night light pulse associated with phase-advanced behavioral rhythms in the light-dark cycle. The A260T mutation is located in the phosphate loop of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain of CRY2. The mutation alters the conformation of CRY2, increasing its accessibility and affinity for FBXL3 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), thus promoting its degradation. These results demonstrate that CRY2 stability controlled by FBXL3 plays a key role in the regulation of human sleep wake behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.16695. 001
Ca2+ stimulation of adenylyl cyclase generates dynamic oscillations in cyclic AMP

The spatial and temporal complexity of Ca2+ signalling is central to the regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes. The decoding of dynamic Ca2+ signals is, in part, mediated by the ability of Ca2+ to regulate other second messengers, including cyclic AMP (cAMP). A number of kinetic models (including our own) predict that interdependent Ca2+ and cAMP oscillations can be generated. A previous study in Xenopus neurons illustrated prolonged, low-frequency cAMP oscillations during bursts of Ca2+ transients. However, the detection of more dynamic Ca2+ driven changes in cAMP has, until recently, been limited by the availability of suitable cAMP probes with high temporal resolution. We have used a newly developed FRET-based cAMP indicator comprised of the cAMP binding domain of Epac-1 to examine interplay between Ca2+ and cAMP dynamics. This probe was recently used in excitable cells to reveal an inverse relationship between cAMP and Ca2+ oscillations as a consequence of Ca2+-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1). Here, we have used human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells expressing the type 8 adenylyl cyclase (AC8) to examine whether dynamic Ca2+ changes can mediate phasic cAMP oscillations as a consequence of Ca2+-stimulated AC activity. During artificial or agonist-induced Ca2+ oscillations we detected fast, periodic changes in cAMP that depended upon Ca2+ stimulation of AC8 with subsequent PKA-mediated phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity. Carbachol (10 μM) evoked cAMP transients with a peak frequency of ∼3 minute-1, demonstrating phasic oscillations in cAMP and Ca2+ in response to physiological stimuli. Furthermore, by imposing a range of Ca2+-oscillation frequencies, we demonstrate that AC8 acts as a low-pass filter for high-frequency Ca2+ events, enhancing the regulatory options available to this signalling pathway.
Role of surface diffusion in chemical beam epitaxy of InAs nanowires

We present growth studies of InAs nanowires nucleated from lithographically positioned Au seeds on InAs (111)B substrates. The nanowires are grown in a chemical beam epitaxy system and exhibit high aspect ratios and high homogeneity in length and width. Investigations of wire growth rate as a function of diameter, density, and time were performed and the results indicate that 80% of the growth is due to In species diffusing from the (111)B substrate surface. Furthermore, we have established that the diffusion length on the {110} wire side surfaces exceeds 10 μm. We also observe a decreasing length growth rate with increasing wire diameter.
NEIGHBORWATCHER: A Content-Agnostic Comment Spam Inference System

Comment spam has become a popular means for spammers to attract direct visits to target websites, or to manipulate search ranks of the target websites. Through posting a small number of spam messages on each victim website (e.g., normal websites such as forums, wikis, guestbooks, and blogs, which we term as spam harbors in this paper) but spamming on a large variety of harbors, spammers can not only directly inherit some reputations from these harbors but also avoid content-based detection systems deployed on these harbors. To find such qualified harbors, spammers always have their own preferred ways based on their available resources and the cost (e.g., easiness of automatic posting, chances of content sanitization on the website). As a result, they will generate their own relatively stable set of harbors proved to be easy and friendly to post their spam, which we refer to as their spamming infrastructure. Our measurement also shows that for different spammers, their spamming infrastructures are typically different, although sometimes with some overlap. This paper presents NEIGHBORWATCHER, a comment spam inference system that exploits spammers’ spamming infrastructure information to infer comment spam. At its core, NEIGHBORWATCHER runs a graph-based algorithm to characterize the spamming neighbor relationship, and reports a spam link when the same link also appears in the harbor’s clique neighbors. Starting from a small seed set of known spam links, our system inferred roughly 91,636 comment spam, and 16,694 spam harbors that are frequently utilized by comment spammers. Furthermore, our evaluation on real-world data shows that NEIGHBORWATCHER can keep inferring new comment spam and finding new spam harbors every day.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Objectives High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer. As Chlamydia trachomatis is also linked to cervical cancer, its role as a potential co-factor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher was examined. Methods The placebo arms of two large, multinational, clinical trials of an HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine were combined. A total of 8441 healthy women aged 15–26 years underwent cervicovaginal cytology (Papanicolaou (Pap) testing) sampling and C trachomatis testing at day 1 and every 12 months thereafter for up to 4 years. Protocol-specified guidelines were used to triage participants with Pap abnormalities to colposcopy and definitive therapy. The main outcome measured was CIN. Results At baseline, 2629 (31.1%) tested positive for hrHPV DNA and 354 (4.2%) tested positive for C trachomatis. Among those with HPV16/18 infection (n=965; 11.4%) or without HPV16/18 infection (n=7382, 87.5%), the hazard ratios (HRs) associated with development of any CIN grade 2 according to baseline C trachomatis status were 1.82 (95% CI: 1.06 to 3.14) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.90), respectively. The results were comparable when only the 12 most common hrHPV infections were considered, but the excess risk disappeared when the outcome was expanded to include CIN grade 3 or worse. Conclusion Further studies based on larger cohorts with longitudinal follow-up in relation to the C trachomatis acquisition and a thorough evaluation of temporal relationships of infections with hrHPV types, C trachomatis and cervical neoplasia are needed to demonstrate whether and how in some situations C trachomatis sets the stage for cervical carcinogenesis. Trial registration NCT00092521 and NCT00092534.
Dynamic Behavior of Stochastic Gene Expression Models in the Presence of Bursting

This paper considers the behavior of discrete and continuous mathematical models for gene expression in the presence of transcriptional/translational bursting. We treat this problem in generality with respect to the distribution of the burst size as well as the frequency of bursting, and our results are applicable to both inducible and repressible expression patterns in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We have given numerous examples of the applicability of our results, especially in the experimentally observed situation that burst size is geometrically or exponentially distributed.
Nonlinear mixing behavior of the three-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a decelerating interface

Results are reported from the first experiments to explore the evolution of the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability from intentionally three-dimensional (3D) initial conditions at an embedded, decelerating interface in a high-Reynolds-number flow. The experiments used ∼5 kJ of laser energy to produce a blast wave in polyimide and/or brominated plastic having an initial pressure of ∼50 Mbars. This blast wave shocked and then decelerated the perturbed interface between the first material and lower-density C foam. This caused the formation of a decelerating interface with an Atwood number ∼2/3, producing a long-term positive growth rate for the RT instability. The initial perturbations were a 3D perturbation in an “egg-crate” pattern with feature spacings of 71 μm in two orthogonal directions and peak-to-valley amplitudes of 5 μm. The resulting RT spikes appear to overtake the shock waves, moving at a large fraction of the predeceleration, “free-fall” velocity. This result was unanticipated by prior simulations.
Action Recognition based on Subdivision-Fusion Model

This paper proposes a novel Subdivision-Fusion Model (SFM) to recognize human actions. In most action recognition tasks, overlapping feature distribution is a common problem leading to overfitting. In the subdivision stage of the proposed SFM, samples in each category are clustered. Then, such samples are grouped into multiple more concentrated subcategories. Boundaries for the subcategories are easier to find and as consequence overfitting is avoided. In the subsequent fusion stage, the multi-subcategories classification results are converted back to the original category recognition problem. Two methods to determine the number of clusters are provided. The proposed model has been thoroughly tested with four popular datasets. In the Hollywood2 dataset, an accuracy of 79.4% is achieved, outperforming the state-of-the-art accuracy of 64.3%. The performance on the YouTube Action dataset has been improved from 75.8% to 82.5%, while considerably improvements are also observed on the KTH and UCF50 datasets.
Effect of predictive cuing on response inhibition in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

BACKGROUND Heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol leads to widespread cognitive deficits, including problems with attention and response inhibition. This study examined blood oxygen level-dependent response in children with and without histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure during a task of response inhibition consisting of cued and noncued trials. METHODS Children and adolescents (ages 8 to 18 years) with (alcohol-exposed [AE] = 20) and without (control [CON] = 15) histories of heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go/no-go task. Unbeknownst to subjects, a predictive cue preceded the no-go stimulus in 87% of trials. RESULTS Groups were matched on demographic variables and did not differ on most measures of task performance. However, following cued stimuli, the AE group demonstrated a lower hit rate to go stimuli and more conservative response bias than the CON group. AE participants demonstrated more activation during no-go trials (inhibition) relative to go trials in the left precuneus, cingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate, and right medial frontal gyrus. During cue-dependent response inhibition, the AE group demonstrated less activation in the left precentral and postcentral gyrus compared to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies of response inhibition, the AE group demonstrated greater frontal and parietal activation when attempting to inhibit prepotent responses than the CON group, despite similar rates of commission errors. This study further demonstrated that the AE group had impaired behavioral performance on cued trials and demonstrated less activation in precentral and postcentral gyri relative to the CON group on these trials. This investigation provides evidence of impaired behavioral and neural processing of sequential information in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which can help improve inhibition in typical populations.
Chronic B-cell dyscrasias are an important clinical feature of T-LGL leukemia

T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) is characterised by semiautonomous proliferation of monoclonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which can result in neutropenia, splenomegaly, and is associated with various autoimmune disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The coexistence of T-LGL leukemia with B cell abnormalities has previously been identified in case reports. However, no systematic analysis to determine the frequency of this co-association has been reported. Analysis of 63 T-LGL patients revealed a frequent association with humoral immune system abnormalities. We identified coexisting B cell dyscrasias in 17 T-LGL patients (27% of total), of whom 12 had monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) (19%), and 5 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (8%). The presence of both MGUS and CLL was found in 2 patients (3%) and follicular lymphoma was identified with MGUS in another T-LGL patient (2%). Additionally, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia was found in 10 additional LGL leukemia patients bringing the total frequency of B cell abnormalities in T-LGL leukemia to 43% in our cohort. The co-association of B cell pathology with T-LGL suggests that either a common antigen drives clonal B and T cells, or that humoral malignancy could serve as the stimulus for lymphocyte expansion representing an overactive anti-tumour surveillance.
Dietary patterns of women aged 50–69 years and associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and key risk factors for non-communicable diseases

Abstract Objective In women, the risk for non-communicable diseases increases after menopause. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns and study their associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women aged 50–69 years. Design A cross-sectional study. Food intake was recorded by a 253-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between the dietary patterns and nutrients were described by Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and age, education, BMI, physical activity and smoking. Setting The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme. Subjects Women (n 6298) aged 50–69 years. Results Three dietary patterns were identified: ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’. Adherence to the ‘Prudent’ pattern was related to older age, higher education, higher BMI, more physical activity (P trend<0·001) and being a non-smoker (P<0·001). Adherence to the ‘Western’ pattern was related to older age, lower education, higher BMI, less physical activity (0·001≤P trend≤0·006) and lower alcohol intake (r =−0·28). Adherence to the ‘Continental’ pattern was related to younger age, higher education, higher BMI, less physical activity, (P trend<0·001), being a smoker (P<0·001) and higher alcohol intake (r=0·36). Conclusions Three distinct dietary patterns were identified. High adherence to a ‘Prudent’ pattern was associated with a healthy lifestyle, while high adherence to a ‘Western’ or ‘Continental’ pattern was associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. These findings are valuable knowledge for health authorities when forming strategies to promote a healthier lifestyle among women.
Singular Lefschetz pencils

We consider structures analogous to symplectic Lefschetz pencils in the context of a closed 4–manifold equipped with a “near-symplectic” structure (ie, a closed 2–form which is symplectic outside a union of circles where it vanishes transversely). Our main result asserts that, up to blowups, every near-symplectic 4–manifold (X, ω) can be decomposed into (a) two symplectic Lefschetz fibrations over discs, and (b) a fibre bundle over S 1 which relates the boundaries of the Lefschetz fibrations to each other via a sequence of fibrewise handle additions taking place in a neighbourhood of the zero set of the 2–form. Conversely, from such a decomposition one can recover a near-symplectic structure.
Head-up tilt testing potentiated with oral nitroglycerin: a randomized trial of the contribution of a drug-free phase and a nitroglycerin phase in the diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope.

BACKGROUND Since the pharmacological challenge with nitroglycerin (NTG) follows the initial drug-free phase in current tilt testing protocols, the effects of nitroglycerin alone and the appropriate duration of the basal phase are unknown. METHODS To optimize the test, a randomized intra-patient comparison of two protocols was undertaken: a conventional nitroglycerin test (cHUT) consisting of passive upright posture at 60 degrees for 45 min followed, if negative, by sublingual NTG 0.4 mg spray, with the test continued for 20 min; and, accelerated nitroglycerin test (aHUT) consisting of passive upright posture at 60 degrees for 5 min--to rule out orthostatic hypotension--followed by sublingual NTG 0.4 mg spray, with the test continued for 20 min. Eighty-four consecutive patients (33 males; mean age 55+/-22) with unexplained syncope underwent both cHUT and aHUT in a randomized sequence with a 24-72 h interval between them. Additionally, 25 age-matched control subjects underwent aHUT. RESULTS In the drug-free phase, cHUT was positive in 15/84 patients (18%) and aHUT in 1/84 patients (1%). After NTG, cHUT and aHUT showed the same positivity rate of 33% (28/84 patients). The overall positivity rate was therefore higher with cHUT than with aHUT (51% vs 35%, P=0.04). Times to syncope were 29+/-12 min, (range 2-44) for cHUT drug-free phase, 5+/-2 min (range 2-9) for cHUT NTG phase, and 5+/-2 min (range 2-9) for aHUT. Only one (4%) of the control subjects had a positive response to aHUT. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of NTG to the diagnosis is independent of the presence of an unmedicated phase. The appropriate duration of the NTG phase is 10 min. aHUT has good specificity, but a positivity rate lower than cHUT; thus a drug-free phase is necessary to increase the sensitivity of the test.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, delayed start study to assess rasagiline as a disease modifying therapy in Parkinson's disease (the ADAGIO study): Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics

A neuroprotective therapy is the single most important unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease. Several promising agents in the laboratory have been tested in the clinic, but none has been established in clinical trials to have a disease modifying effect despite positive results because of potential confounding symptomatic or pharmacologic effects. The delayed start design was developed to try to avoid a symptomatic confound when testing a putative neuroprotective therapy. In this study design, patients are randomly assigned to study drug or placebo in the first phase of the study, and both groups receive the active drug in the second phase. If benefits seen at the end of phase I persist through the end of phase II, they cannot be readily explained by a symptomatic effect (as patients in both groups are receiving the same medication) and benefits in the early start group must relate to the early initiation of the treatment. Although the precise mechanism responsible for such an effect can be debated, positive results in a delayed start study indicate that patients who receive early treatment have a better outcome than those where the treatment is delayed. We are using the delayed start design to assess the potential disease modifying effects of rasagiline in a prospective double blind controlled trial (the ADAGIO study). We here describe the rationale for the study and baseline characteristics of the 1,176 patients who have been enrolled into the trial. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society