Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effect of user interface design features on cyberstore traffic and sales

Given the resources needed to launch a retail store on the Internet or change an existing online storefront design, it is important to allocate product development resources to interface features that actually improve store traffic and sales. Using a regression model, we predict store traffic and dollar sales as a function of interface design features such as number of links into the store, image sizes, number of products, and store navigation features. By quantifying the benefits of user interface features, we hope to facilitate the process of designing and evaluating alternative storefronts by identifying those features with the greatest impact on traffic and sales.
Differentiating Between Temporary and Ongoing Distributed Teams

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Safe Assets, Liquidity and Monetary Policy

This paper studies monetary policy in models where multiple assets have different liquidity properties: safe and "pseudo-safe" assets coexist. A shock worsening the liquidity properties of the pseudo-safe assets raises interest-rate spreads and can cause a deep recession cum deflation. Expanding the central bank's balance sheet fills the shortage of safe assets and counteracts the recession. Lowering the interest rate on reserves insulates market interest rates from the liquidity shock and improves risk sharing between borrowers and savers.
Proposal Encoding and Decoding Graph Representations of Natural Language

When analyzing text, it is often helpful to process the text into richer structures representing its linguistic content. Labeled directed graphs are a natural and flexible representation, especially for natural language semantics. Their generality over trees, for instance, allows them to represent relational semantics while handling phenomena like coreference and coordination. This thesis focuses on such graphical representations of text. We develop novel algorithms and models for decoding—automatically extracting graphs from raw text; and encoding—transforming graphs into tensors so that they can be used as input to a downstream neural network. We primarily focus on semantic graphs—graphs that represent sentence meanings. Semantic graphs are not necessarily trees, so they require methods that can handle arbitrary graphs. We make three main contributions. First, we introduce neural Turbo (Neurbo) parsing and show that it is an effective approach for semantic dependency parsing, and in particular multitask semantic dependency parsing. Next, we show that the task of decoding connected semantic graphs can be formulated as a Node-and-Edge-weighted Connected Subgraph (NEWCS) problem, a novel extension of a classic, well-studied problem in network optimization called the prizecollecting Steiner tree (PCST) problem. This allows us to prove theoretical properties about decoding under connectedness constraints, and to adapt and extend existing PCST solving techniques to decoding semantic graphs. Finally, we introduce new lawful neural encoders whose constrained forms allow for efficient exact inference by dynamic programming. We introduce two models: Soft Patterns (SoPa), which encode sequences, and Kleene Graph Encoder Networks (KGEN), which encode all paths in a graph, grouped by source and destination.
Survey and related analysis of parent-child mental health status in four types of single-parent families

Objective To investigate and compare the mental health status of single-parent students and their parents of different family types in Tianjin.Methods A questionnaire survey was used to measure the mental health of more than 1 800 students in May to October of 2009.Those students were selected in 36 classes,which were chosen by random stratified cluster sampling from 12 elementary and junior middle schools of six districts of Tianjin.Results The detection rate of father supported boys was significantly higher than other groups of single-parent students.In anxiety,loneliness,orientation,allergy tendency,somatic symptoms,terrorist tendency,impulse tendency and total score,single-parent students' scores were significantly higher than other students' scores(P0.01). FIS Type Ⅲ single parent students scored higher than others(P=0.01),no statistica significant differences between four groups.In father's over-punishment,single-parent boys scored significantly higher than single girls,the difference was statistically significant(t=3.146,P=0.003),in the scores of excessive intervention,boys' were higher than girls',difference was statistically significant(t=2.142,P=0.040);On SCL-90 factors,somatization symptoms,interpersonal relationship,anxiety and paranoid of single parents scored higher than domestic norm.On the factors of phobic,somatization,depression,anxiety and hostile,the mothers scored significantly higher than fathers,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Fathers' emotional warmth and single-parent students' physical symptoms were significant negatively correlated(P0.01). Fathers' punishment was a significant positive correlation of anxiety to people(P0.01). Mother's emotional warmth and single students allergic tendency,self-abased total score were significant negatively correlated(P0.01),mother's over-punishment and single-parent students' physical symptoms were positively correlated(P0.01). Conclusion The mental health status of single-parent students and their parents,as well as the rearing styles of the four family types in Tianjin are different.
Predictors of women's sex role attitudes across two cultures : United States and Japan

The English Form of the Scale of Egalitarian Sex Role Attitudes (SESRA) was administered to 238 American women after the original Japanese Form was developed and administered to 420 Japanese women. The multiple regression analyses suggest that the most important common predicting variables of sex role attitudes for American and Japanese women are education (p<.01 and p<.0001 respectively) and professional/managerial work (p<.01 and p<.001 respectively). A highly educated woman with a career-oriented professional/managerial job is most likely to have an egalitarian sex role attitude. Moreover, an American woman with a
The genetics of hair-cell function in zebrafish

Abstract Our ears are remarkable sensory organs, providing the important senses of balance and hearing. The complex structure of the inner ear, or ‘labyrinth’, along with the assorted neuroepithelia, have evolved to detect head movements and sounds with impressive sensitivity. The rub is that the inner ear is highly vulnerable to genetic lesions and environmental insults. According to National Institute of Health estimates, hearing loss is one of the most commonly inherited or acquired sensorineural diseases. To understand the causes of deafness and balance disorders, it is imperative to understand the underlying biology of the inner ear, especially the inner workings of the sensory receptors. These receptors, which are termed hair cells, are particularly susceptible to genetic mutations – more than two dozen genes are associated with defects in this cell type in humans. Over the past decade, a substantial amount of progress has been made in working out the molecular basis of hair-cell function using vertebrate animal models. Given the transparency of the inner ear and the genetic tools that are available, zebrafish have become an increasingly popular animal model for the study of deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Mutagenesis screens for larval defects in hearing and balance have been fruitful in finding key components, many of which have been implicated in human deafness. This review will focus on the genes that are required for hair-cell function in zebrafish, with a particular emphasis on mechanotransduction. In addition, the generation of new tools available for the characterization of zebrafish hair-cell mutants will be discussed.
Multidimensional Skills, Sorting, and Human Capital Accumulation

We construct a structural model of on-the-job search in which workers differ in skills along several dimensions (cognitive, manual, interpersonal.) and sort themselves into jobs with heterogeneous skill requirements along those same dimensions. We further allow for skills to be accumulated when used, and eroded away when not used. We estimate the model using occupation-level measures of skill requirements based on O*NET data, combined with a worker-level panel from the NLSY79. We use the estimated model to shed light on the origins and costs of mismatch along the cognitive, manual, and interpersonal skill dimensions. Our results clearly suggest that those three types of skills are very different productive attributes.
No . 16-10 November 2016 PRICE ELASTICITY OF ALCOHOL DEMAND IN INDIA

Using a household survey conducted in 2014, this study estimates price elasticity of demand for beer, country liquor, and spirits in India. Ordinary least square models were used to estimate the responsiveness in alcohol demand due to price change. We include a large number of control variables to adjust for potential confounding in the model. Inter-district variation in alcohol consumption is adjusted for by including district fixed-effects. Alcohol prices are negatively associated with demand for alcoholic beverages. The price elasticity of demand ranged from -0.14 for spirits to -0.46 for country liquor. Low level of education was positively associated with spirits consumption. The magnitude of elasticity varied by rural-urban, education, and gender. Results indicate a policy mix of price controls and awareness campaigns would be most effective in tackling the adverse effects of harmful drinking in India.
Implications of healing power and positioning for collaboration between formal mental health services and traditional/alternative medicine: the case of Ghana

ABSTRACT Background: Many current debates about global mental health have increasingly called for collaboration between biomedical and traditional medical health systems. Despite these calls, not much has been written about the variables that would influence such collaboration. To a large extent, collaboration dialogues have considered biomedicine on the one hand, and a wide range of traditional and faith-based treatments on the other hand. However, this dualistic bifurcation does not reflect the plurality of healing systems in operation in many contexts, and the diverse investments that different non-biomedical healing approaches may have in their own power to heal. Objective: We set out to explore the diversity of different healers’ perceptions of power, and the relationship between that power and the perceived power of biomedical approaches. Methods: Through a qualitative design, and using the case of medical pluralism in urban Ghana as an example, we conducted interviews among different categories of traditional and alternative medicine (TAM) practitioners living and/or working in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Results: Through thematic analyses, differences in the notions about collaboration between the different categories of healers were identified. Their perceptions of whether collaboration would be beneficial seemed, from this study, to co-occur with their perceptions of their own power. Conclusions: We suggest that an important way to move debates forward about collaboration amongst different sectors is to examine the notions of power and positioning of different categories of TAM healers in relation to biomedicine, and the attendant implications of those notions for integrative mental healthcare.
Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with MDR and XDR Tuberculosis in a TB Referral Hospital in Beijing: A 13-Year Experience

Background Information on treatment outcomes among hospitalized patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are scarce in China. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted this retrospective study to analyze the characteristics and treatment outcomes in MDR- and XDR-TB patients in the 309 Hospital in Beijing, China during 1996–2009. Socio-demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with poor treatment outcomes and Cox proportional hazards regression model was further used to determine risk factors associated with death in TB patients. Among the 3,551 non-repetitive hospitalized TB patients who had drug susceptibility testing (DST) results, 716 (20.2%) had MDR-TB and 51 (1.4%) had XDR-TB. A total of 3,270 patients who had medical records available were used for further analyses. Treatment success rates (cured and treatment completed) were 90.9%, 53.4% and 29.2% for patients with non-MDR-TB, patients with MDR-TB excluding XDR-TB and patients with XDR-TB, respectively. Independent risk factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients included being a migrant (adjusted OR = 1.77), smear-positivity at treatment onset (adjusted OR = 1.94) and not receiving 3 or more potentially effective drugs (adjusted OR = 3.87). Independent risk factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in XDR-TB patients were smear-positivity at treatment onset (adjusted OR = 10.42) and not receiving 3 or more potentially effective drugs (adjusted OR = 14.90). The independent risk factors associated with death in TB patients were having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted HR = 5.25) and having hypertension (adjusted HR = 4.31). Conclusions/Significance While overall satisfactory treatment success for non-MDR-TB patients was achieved, more intensive efforts should be made to better manage MDR- and XDR-TB cases in order to improve their treatment outcomes and to minimize further emergence of so-called totally drug-resistant TB cases.
Label Estimation Method with Modifications for Unreliable Examples in Taming

Methods for improving learning accuracy by utilizing a plurality of data sets having different reliabilities have been extensively studied. Unreliable data sets often include data with incorrect labels, and it is known that learning from such datasets adversely affects learning accuracy. In our study we focused on the learning problem, Taming which deals with two kinds of data sets with different reliabilities. We propose a label estimation method for use in data sets that include the data with incorrect labels. The proposed method is an extension of BaggTaming, which is proposed as a solution to Taming. We conducted experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method using a benchmark data set which included the data with intentionally changed labels to incorrect. We confirmed that the learning accuracy can be improved by the proposed method when learning by using the data sets with modified labels.
Evaluating heterotrophic growth in a nitrifying biofilm reactor using fluorescence in situ hybridization and mathematical modeling.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of heterotrophic growth in nitrifying biofilm reactors fed only with ammonium as an energy source. The diversity, abundance and spatial distribution of nitrifying bacteria were studied using a combination of molecular tools and mathematical modeling, in two biofilm reactors operated with different hydraulic retention times. The composition and distribution of nitrifying consortia in biofilms were quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and digital image analysis. Autotrophic and heterotrophic biofilm fractions determined by FISH were compared to the output from a multispecies model that incorporates soluble microbial products (SMP) production/consumption. In reactor R1 (short retention time) nearly 100% of the total bacteria could be identified as either ammonia- or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by quantitative FISH analyses, while in reactor R2 (long retention time) the identification rate was only 73%, with the rest probably consisting of heterotrophs. Mathematical simulations were performed to evaluate the influence of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), biofilm thickness, and substrate utilization associated SMP production on the growth of heterotrophic bacteria. The model predicts that low HRTs resulted in a lower availability of SMPs leading to purely autotrophic biofilms. These model predictions are consistent with experimental observations. At HRTs that are about an order of magnitude larger than the reciprocal of the net maximum growth rate the majority of the active biomass will grow suspended in the bulk phase rather than in the biofilm.
Development and Application of a Three Dimensional Coupled-Mode Model

Abstract : The over-all goal of this research is the development of an accurate and reliable propagation model applicable to environments which exhibit strong range dependence in all three spatial dimensions. The objective of this current work is to gain an understanding the physics of propagation in continental shelf areas, specifically horizontal refraction and mode coupling induced by three-dimensional inhomogeneities in the waveguide. Of particular interest is the environment of the South Florida Test Facility (SFTF) for which significant horizontal multipath arrivals have been observed [Heaney and Murray (2009)]. A coupled-mode approach is chosen for this work because the field decomposition into modal eigenvalues and amplitudes can provide insight into the effects of environmental inhomogeneities on the acoustic field.
Performance Analysis of Massive MIMO Two-Way Relay Networks With Pilot Contamination, Imperfect CSI, and Antenna Correlation

We consider a multicell two-way relay network consisting of single-antenna user nodes and amplify-and-forward relay nodes having very large antenna arrays. We investigate the combined impact of co-channel interference (CCI), imperfect channel state information (CSI), pilot contamination, and the antenna correlation at the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) node. By using a large number of antennas at the relay, we can completely mitigate the effect of CCI. However, the effects of imperfect CSI and pilot contamination degrade the performance even with a large antenna array. Yet, the use of massive MIMO allows power scaling at the user nodes and relay, and thus, even with channel imperfections, the benefits of employing a massive-MIMO-enabled relay on transmit power savings are significant. Furthermore, we derive closed-form approximations for the sum rate when CCI and pilot contamination are absent and CSI is perfect. This result helps to decide the required number of relay antennas to obtain a certain percentage of the asymptotic sum rate. Also, our analysis of antenna correlation shows that it can be mitigated by using a large antenna array. We also find the optimal pilot sequence length to maximize the sum rate of the system.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol status in plasma is linearly correlated to daily summer pasture time in cattle at 56°N

In vitro studies with skin samples or pure precursors of cholecalciferol indicated that cholecalciferol synthesis during UV light exposure is a non-linear process. However, in vitro studies indicate nothing about the relationship between sunlight exposure and physiological cholecalciferol status of living organisms. Due to the lack of cholecalciferol in plant material, this relationship is important for herbivores including domestic cattle, particularly in organic agriculture, because the use of synthetic additives, like cholecalciferol, is restricted in order to fulfil the principles of sustainable organic production. The major physiological metabolite of cholecalciferol is the liver-derived 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3). The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between sunlight exposure and 25(OH)D3 status in vivo in large herbivores during mid-summer at 56°N. Five groups of cows were given access to pasture during 15, 30, 75, 150 or 300 min daily for 28 d in June and plasma analysed for 25(OH)D3. Animals allowed 15, 30 or 75 min of daily access to pasture showed a declining linear relationship between plasma 25(OH)D3 and sampling day in contrast to animals allowed 150 or 300 min of pasture access which showed linear increasing plasma 25(OH)D3 status. Determined from the slopes of 25(OH)D3 concentration curves within treatments, breakeven for maintaining the initial 25(OH)D3 status of 45 nmol/l was 90 min pasture access per d during summer at 56°N.
Die psychoanalytische Abstinenzregel. Vom regelhaften zum operationalen Gebrauch

Freud formulierte die Abstinenzregel aufgrund seiner Erfahrungen im Umgang mit hysterischen Patientinnen, vor deren »Verliebtheit« der (mannliche) Analytiker sich schutzen musse. Aus dieser Mannerphantasie, die mit einem bestimmten historischen und kulturellen Ort verknupft ist, entstand im Laufe der Zeit eine abstrakte Regel, die den Analytiker generell auf Neutralitat und Abstinenz im therapeutischen Umgang mit seinen Patienten verpflichtete. Erst Ferenczis und Balints technische Experimente bei praodipal gestorten Patienten zeigten, das eine total abstinente Haltung im Sinne des Heilungsprozesses kontraproduktiv sein kann. Cremerius pladiert fur eine Revision der Abstinenzregel im Sinne ihrer operationalen Anwendung – der Analytiker soll nicht Regeln einhalten, sondern Funktionen in einem Prozes ausuben.
Optimal Output Feedback Control Using Two Remote Sensors Over Erasure Channels

Consider a discrete-time, linear time-invariant process, two sensors and one controller. The process state is observed in the presence of noise by the sensors, which are connected to the controller via links that feature erasure. If a link transmits successfully then a finite-dimensional vector of real numbers is conveyed from the sensor to the controller. If an erasure event occurs, then any information conveyed over the link is lost. This paper addresses the problem of designing the maps that specify the processing at the controller and at the sensors to minimize a quadratic cost function. When the information is lost over the links either in an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) or in a (time-homogeneous) Markovian fashion, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maps such that the process is stabilized in the bounded second moment sense. We also solve the optimal design problem in the presence of delayed noiseless acknowledgment signals at the sensors from the controller for an arbitrary packet drop pattern. We provide explicit recursive schemes to implement our solution. We also indicate how our approach can be extended to situations when more than two sensors are available and when the sensors can cooperate. The analysis also carries over to the case when each point-to-point erasure link connecting the sensors and the controller is replaced by a network of erasure links.