Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
20 km resolution regional climate model experiments over Australia: experimental design and simulations of current climate

In current studies of the global climate system and its potential changes in the future, Global Climate Models (GCMs), which are built on well-established physical principles, have shown convincing skill in reproducing observed features of current climate and its changes in the past. The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report concluded that there is considerable confidence that current fully coupled global models can provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental and larger scales (IPCC 2007). However, 20 km resolution regional climate model experiments over Australia: experimental design and simulations of current climate
Are great tits (Parus major) really optimal foragers

In this study, we test the classical prey model of optimal-foraging theory with great tits ( Parus major) feed- ing on two types of mealworms presented on a conveyor belt. Contrary to the results of some previous experiments, prey types were given to birds in random order, therefore birds could not predict their next prey item. We tested birds' diet choices at four different prey-encounter rates. Our results show that in 95% of cases great tits consumed the more profitable prey type upon encounter. On the other hand, consumption of the less profitable prey type did not differ sta - tistically from the "always-attack" strategy in 77% of cases when the rate of encounter with the more profitable prey was below a critical value, and did differ from that strategy in 67% of cases when the rate of encounter with the more profitable prey was above that critical value. Contrary to predictions of the classical prey model of optimal-foraging theory, our birds never completely excluded the less profitable prey type from their diet. We also estimated the func - tional responses of individual birds with respect to the more profitable prey type; birds' diet changes occurred too slowly to make these functional responses stabilizing.
Cornea lenticule viability and structural integrity after refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx) and cryopreservation

Purpose To assess and compare keratocyte viability and collagen structure in cornea stroma lenticules collected immediately after refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx) and one month after cryopreservation. Methods The fresh and cryopreserved human stroma lenticules procured after ReLEx were processed for ultrastructural analysis of keratocytes and collagen fibrils with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), apoptotic cell detection with deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) assay, and cultured for keratocyte-specific gene expression analysis using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Results The periphery of the lenticule had greater TUNEL-positive cells compared to the center of the lenticule in both fresh and cryopreserved groups. There was an increase in TUNEL-positive cells after cryopreservation, which was significantly higher in the center of the lenticule, but not in the periphery. TEM showed apoptotic, necrotic and viable quiescent keratocytes in fresh and cryopreserved lenticules. Collagen analysis with TEM showed a well preserved and well aligned structure in fresh and cryopreserved lenticules; without significant change in the total number of collagen fibrils but with an increased collagen fibril density (CFD) after cryopreservation. In vitro, isolated keratocytes derived from fresh and cryopreserved lenticules exhibited a typical fibroblastic phenotype. RT–PCR showed a positive gene expression for keratocan (KERA) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) in cells isolated from fresh and cryopreserved lenticules. Conclusions The stromal lenticules extracted from ReLEx surgery remain viable after cryopreservation. Although they showed a decrease in CFD, the collagen architecture was preserved and there was good cellular viability.
How Does Organisational Culture Influence the Process of Change Towards PBL

With the growing demand to use pedagogical approaches to foster 21st-century skills such as problem solving, creativity, critical thinking, collaborative learning and innovation, many educational institutions have chosen to use the pedagogical approach of problem-based learning (PBL). Moving from traditional teaching to PBL, however, demands an organisational change. Although organisational culture is widely recognised as a critical success factor in the implementation of PBL, the literature provides limited insight into how it influences the implementation process of PBL. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the influence of organisational culture on PBL implementation. The research is based on the analysis of two groups involved in implementing PBL for several years. A focus group interview was conducted with each group to identify traits of organisational culture. The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was applied to identify the dominant type of culture in each group. The findings indicate that some cultural traits better support the implementation of PBL. In particular, traits of clan culture were identified to be more aligned with PBL principles. In addition, understanding the current culture of a given organisation enables people to be more aware of the level of change required to implement PBL in their organisations.
The pinocchio algorithm: pinpointing orbit-crossing collapsed hierarchical objects in a linear density field

ABSTRA C T PINOCCHIO (PINpointing Orbit-Crossing Collapsed HIerarchical Objects) is a new algorithm proposed recently by Monaco et al. (Paper I) for identifying dark matter haloes in a given numerical realization of the linear density field in a hierarchical universe. Mass elements are assumed to have collapsed after undergoing orbit crossing, as computed using perturbation theory. It is shown that Lagrangian perturbation theory, and in particular its ellipsoidal truncation, is able to predict accurately the collapse, in the orbit-crossing sense, of generic mass elements. Collapsed points are grouped into haloes using an algorithm that mimics the hierarchical growth of structure through accretion and mergers. Some points that have undergone orbit crossing are assigned to the network of filaments and sheets that connects the haloes; it is demonstrated that this network resembles closely that found in N-body simulations. The code generates a catalogue of dark matter haloes with known mass, position, velocity, merging history and angular momentum. It is shown that the predictions of the code are very accurate when compared with the results of large N-body simulations that cover a range of cosmological models, box sizes and numerical resolutions. The mass function is recovered with an accuracy of better than 10 per cent in number density for haloes with at least 30 ‐ 50 particles. A similar accuracy is reached in the estimate of the correlation length r0. The good agreement is still valid on the object-by-object level, with 70 ‐ 100 per cent of the objects with more than 50 particles in the simulations also identified by our algorithm. For these objects the masses are recovered with an error of 20 ‐ 40 per cent, and positions and velocities with a root mean square error of ,1 ‐2 MpcO0:5 ‐ 2 grid lengths) and ,100 km s 21 , respectively. The recovery of the angular momentum of haloes is considerably noisier, and accuracy at the statistical level is achieved only by introducing free parameters. The algorithm requires negligible computer time as compared with performing a numerical N-body simulation.
Chromospherically young, kinematically old stars

We have investigated a group of stars known to have low chromospheric ages, but high kinematical ages. Isochrone, chemical and lithium ages are estimated for them. The majority of stars in this group show lithium abundances much smaller than expected for their chromospheric ages, which is interpreted as an indication of their old age. Radial velocity measurements in the literature also show that they are not close binaries. The results suggest that they can be formed from the coalescence of short-period binaries. Coalescence rates, calculated taking into account several observational data and a maximum theoretical time scale for contact, in a short-period pair, predict a number of coalesced stars similar to what we have found in the solar neighbourhood.
Characterization of OpenCL on a scalable FPGA architecture

The recent release of Altera's SDK for OpenCL has greatly eased the development of FPGA-based systems. Research have shown performance improvements brought by OpenCL using a single FPGA device. However, to meet the objectives of high performance computing, OpenCL needs to be evaluated using multiple FPGAs. This work has proposed a scalable FPGA architecture for high performance computing. The design includes multiple FPGA modules and a high performance backplane. The modular nature of this architecture supports the combination of different FPGAs, as well as provides for easy hardware updates. FPGA modules based on Stratix V are compatible with Altera's OpenCL tool flow. The evaluation has tested the native IO performance of the architecture and the results have demonstrated scalability using six FPGAs. The host-to-device peak bandwidth is measured as 13.1 GB/s for read operation and 12.1 GB/s for write operation. The FPGA-to-memory bandwidth is measured as 64.5 GB/s in total. An OpenCL AES kernel is selected to test the scalable multi-FPGA architecture. The test results have shown peak throughput is achiveded when six FPGAs are used. The throughput per watt shows 5× improvement using four FPGAs, over a general-purpose processor.
This Reprint May Differ from the Original in Pagination and Typographic Detail. Predicting Delayed Letter Name Knowledge Development and Its Relation to Grade 1 Reading Achievement among Children with and without Familial Risk for Dyslexia

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Predicting delayed letter name knowledge development and its relation to grade 1 reading achievement among children with and without familial risk for dyslexia.
Simultaneous confidence intervals that are compatible with closed testing in adaptive designs

Summary We describe a general method for finding a confidence region for a parameter vector that is compatible with the decisions of a two-stage closed test procedure in an adaptive experiment. The closed test procedure is characterized by the fact that rejection or nonrejection of a null hypothesis may depend on the decisions for other hypotheses and the compatible confidence region will, in general, have a complex, nonrectangular shape. We find the smallest cross-product of simultaneous confidence intervals containing the region and provide computational shortcuts for calculating the lower bounds on parameters corresponding to the rejected null hypotheses. We illustrate the method with an adaptive phase II/III clinical trial.
Call admission control and routing in integrated services networks using neuro-dynamic programming

We consider the problem of call admission control (CAC) and routing in an integrated services network that handles several classes of calls of different value and with different resource requirements. The problem of maximizing the average value of admitted calls per unit time (or of revenue maximization) is naturally formulated as a dynamic programming problem, but is too complex to allow for an exact solution. We use methods of neuro-dynamic programming (NDP) [reinforcement learning (RL)], together with a decomposition approach, to construct dynamic (state-dependent) call admission control and routing policies. These policies are based on state-dependent link costs, and a simulation-based learning method is employed to tune the parameters that define these link costs. A broad set of experiments shows the robustness of our policy and compares its performance with a commonly used heuristic.
A 10-mW Submillimeter-Wave Solid-State Power-Amplifier Module

In this paper, we demonstrate a packaged sub-millimeter wave solid-state power amplifier (SSPA). The SSPA is implemented in coplanar waveguide (CPW) and uses an advanced high fMAX InP HEMT transistor with a sub 50-nm gate. A monolithically integrated CPW dipole-to-waveguide transition eliminates the need for wirebonding and additional substrates. On-chip compact tandem couplers are used for power combining. The amplifier demonstrates 15-dB small-signal gain at 340 GHz. Peak saturated output power of 10 mW at 338 GHz is obtained at the waveguide flange out-put for the SSPA module.
Up‐regulation of human secreted frizzled homolog in apoptosis and its down‐regulation in breast tumors

In the screening of apoptosis‐related genes, an elevated 4.5‐kb transcript representing the full‐length cDNA of human secreted frizzled‐related protein (hsFRP) was cloned. To investigate its possible role in the regulation of cell proliferation, gene expression of hsFRP was examined in human immortalized breast epithelial cell line HBL‐100 during growth arrest and apoptosis. Serum deprivation caused G1 arrest and induction of hsFRP. When serum was re‐introduced into the cell culture, the expression of hsFRP declined. Adriamycin treatment induced accumulation of hsFRP mRNA and decrease of β‐catenin. This indicates that the regulation of hsFRP may be involved in the cell‐cycle/apoptosis mechanism and possibly in the wnt signaling pathway. hsFRP transcripts were undetectable in cells derived from malignant breast carcinomas, but detectable in 3 immortalized non‐malignant breast epithelial cell lines, indicating the involvement of hsFRP in the breast malignant transformation. When tumor and adjacent normal tissues from the same patients were examined, lower expression was found in 5/5 of breast tumors, 2/4 of ovary tumors and 3/5 of kidney tumors. These data suggest the possible involvement of hsFRP in regulation of cell proliferation and breast tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer 78:95–99, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partitioning sources of soil respiration in boreal black spruce forest using radiocarbon

Separating ecosystem and soil respiration into autotrophic and heterotrophic component sources is necessary for understanding how the net ecosystem exchange of carbon (C) will respond to current and future changes in climate and vegetation. Here, we use an isotope mass balance method based on radiocarbon to partition respiration sources in three mature black spruce forest stands in Alaska. Radiocarbon (Δ14C) signatures of respired C reflect the age of substrate C and can be used to differentiate source pools within ecosystems. Recently‐fixed C that fuels plant or microbial metabolism has Δ14C values close to that of current atmospheric CO2, while C respired from litter and soil organic matter decomposition will reflect the longer residence time of C in plant and soil C pools. Contrary to our expectations, the Δ14C of C respired by recently excised black spruce roots averaged 14‰ greater than expected for recently fixed photosynthetic products, indicating that some portion of the C fueling root metabolism was derived from C storage pools with turnover times of at least several years. The Δ14C values of C respired by heterotrophs in laboratory incubations of soil organic matter averaged 60‰ higher than the contemporary atmosphere Δ14CO2, indicating that the major contributors to decomposition are derived from a combination of sources consistent with a mean residence time of up to a decade. Comparing autotrophic and heterotrophic Δ14C end members with measurements of the Δ14C of total soil respiration, we calculated that 47–63% of soil CO2 emissions were derived from heterotrophic respiration across all three sites. Our limited temporal sampling also observed no significant differences in the partitioning of soil respiration in the early season compared with the late season. Future work is needed to address the reasons for high Δ14C values in root respiration and issues of whether this method fully captures the contribution of rhizosphere respiration.
On Growth Rates of Closed Permutation Classes

A class of permutations is called closed if 2 implies 2 , where the relation is the natural containment of permutations. Let n be the set of all permutations of 1, 2 ,. ,n belonging to . We investigate the counting functions n 7! |n| of closed classes. Our main result says that if |n| 0. Here Fn,k are the generalized Fibonacci numbers which grow like powers of the largest positive root of x k x k 1 ··· 1. We characterize also the constant and the polynomial growth of closed permutation classes and give two more results on these.
Black women's activism and organisation in public health - struggles and strategies for better health and wellbeing

Using Avtar Brah's concept of 'diaspora space', this paper argues that Black women in the UK have organised in diaspora space to challenge inequities in health and develop strategies to improve health outcomes for black communities. The paper explores the post-war contribution of Black women nurses in the UK to public health, both as activists for change and as organisers of change. The paper concludes by exploring the confluences and synergies between the concept of ‘diaspora space’ and that of ‘(post) diaspora’ as espoused by Scafe (2018). The paper argues that both concepts are useful for understanding the ways in which Black women have used their agency to challenge health inequities.
A Query Classification Scheme For Diversification

Search result diversification enables the modern day search engines to construct a result list that consists of documents that are relevant to the user query and at the same time, diverse enough to meet the diverse user expectations. However, all the queries received by a search engine may not benefit from diversification. Further, different types of queries may benefit from different diversification mechanisms. In this paper we present initial results of our efforts to study the diversification requirements of queries in a web search scenario. We use click entropy as a measure to identify queries that can potentially benefit from search result diversification and propose a query taxonomy based on their diversification requirements. We also present results of experiments to automatically classify queries into these categories.
What Matters in Urban School Reform

This review of selected literature examines the National Science Foundation's standards-based systemic reform theory in the context of research reported by science, mathematics, and urban education policy experts. This review is specifically concerned with viewing evidence of relationships among identified change variables that are associated with fostering high achievement in mathematics and science of urban and underrepresented minority students. Four categories of variables are identified as being useful in studying student achievement: (1) demographic information;(2) test data; (3) teacher development; and (4) mathematics and science curriculum. The review reveals little researcher agreement regarding variable relationships that might predict a chain of influence from policy to classroom practice and finally to student performance. An appendix contains an abstract of the proposed Urban Systemic Initiative evaluative study. (Contains 124 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Global Education Inc.: New Policy Networks and the Neoliberal Imaginary

1. Networks, Neo-Liberalism and policy mobilities 2. Doing Neo-liberalism - markets and states, and friends with money 3. Transnational Advocacy Networks and Policy Entrepreneurship: Indiana Jones, business and schooling of the poor 4. 'New' Philanthropy, Social Capitalism and Education Policy 5. Policy as Profit: selling and exporting policy 6. Education as Big Business 7. Money, Meaning and Policy Connections
A sense of trust through the eyes of African American doctoral students: An examination of how a predominantly White institution of higher education can create an environment of inclusiveness

This phenomenological research study explores whether trust influences the experiences of African American students, particularly those in doctoral programs at predominantly White institutions. Recent studies suggest that colleges and universities can benefit in several ways by building and maintaining student trust. However, the body of research typically provides a general understanding of the role and benefits of student trust in the academic arena through the eyes of White students only. Very few studies examine the benefits of student trust for a diverse population, and even fewer address African American students enrolled in predominantly White doctoral programs. This research provides an alternative perspective of trust by identifying factors specific to African American doctoral students enrolled at the University of Denver using a conceptual framework that examines trust, invisibility and other factors. The primary data was obtained through separate in-depth interviews with eight African American doctoral student participants who shared their experiences, thoughts and perceptions of trust at this predominantly White institution. Narratives of four of the participants highlight their reflections and academic encounters in a racial environment. Using Creswell’s (2007) approach to phenomenological analysis, four key themes emerged from the data as essential elements to establish a sense of trust: a strong sense iii of Blackness, a support system, the level of visibility and the relationship with the higher education institution. Findings from this research study suggest that race remains a salient factor for the study participants, even though a climate of inclusiveness in the classroom and strong support from faculty were described by most. However, on-going encounters of racial slights remain prevalent today for several of the students in this study. Study results offer implications and recommendations for academic professionals and leaders that suggest a re-examination of efforts to recruit and retain African American faculty, staff and students, as well as to create inclusive excellence through leadership at every level of the institution.