Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disrupted topological organization in white matter structural networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: relationship to subtype.

PURPOSE To investigate the topological alterations of whole-brain white matter structural connectivity in patients with different types of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), including single-domain (SD) and multidomain (MD) aMCI, and to explore the relationship of such connectivity with neuropsychologic performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional review board of Imaging Center for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. The present study involved 38 patients with aMCI (SD aMCI, n=18; MD aMCI, n=20) and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. White-matter connectional architecture in each participant was depicted with diffusion-weighted MR imaging and represented in terms of a connectivity matrix by using a deterministic tractography method. Graph theory-based analyses were then performed to characterize brain network properties. RESULTS The global topological organization of white matter networks was significantly disrupted in patients with MD aMCI (P<.01 for all) but not in those with SD aMCI, as compared with control subjects. Connectivity impairment in patients with MD aMCI was found in the temporal, frontal, and parietal cortices (P<.05, corrected). MD aMCI had decreased network efficiency relative to SD aMCI (P=.016), with the most pronounced differences located in the frontal cortex (P<.01 for all). Strong associations between cognitive impairments and disrupted topological features (global, P<.05; regional, P<.002) were identified in patients with aMCI. CONCLUSION The present study suggests early onset disruption of whole-brain white matter connectivity in patients with aMCI, especially in those with the MD subtype, supporting the view that MD aMCI is a more advanced form of disease than is SD aMCI. Moreover, cognitive correlations with topological network properties suggest their potential use as markers to assess the risk of Alzheimer disease.
Japan's ‘Socially Withdrawn Youths’ and Time Constraints in Japanese Society

This article discusses how time is conceptualized among hikikomori, or Japan’s so called ‘socially withdrawn youth’, through the narratives of hikikomori keikensha (those who experienced hikikomori) and also examines time and space management in hikikomorisupport context based on ethnographic data. Hikikomoriis an act of retreat from time and space constraints in society. Hikikomorisupport groups provide a place for them to be without feeling such time constraints, but this is not considered sufficient to get hikikomoriback into society. Hikikomori, which challenges the usual coordinates of time and space, may be understood as a kind of reaction to time pressures and role performances in Japanese society.
Pattern of participation in leisure activities among older people in relation to their health conditions and contextual factors: a survey in a Swedish urban area

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to describe the pattern of participation in leisure activities in an older population in relation to contextual factors as well as to mental and physical health. A cohort of 1,623 participants aged 75 or older living in Stockholm, Sweden was asked to list all the leisure activities they were engaged in. These were successively organised into 31 major categories and further grouped into mental, social, physical, productive and recreational types. The pattern of participation was examined in relation to age, gender, contextual factors (education, social network) and health status (depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, dementia, somatic diseases and physical limitation). In spite of their advanced age, the majority of the population was active, as 70 per cent had participated in at least one activity. Reading (19%) was the most prevalent individual activity, and mental activities (43%) the most prevalent activity type. Older age, female gender, low education status, having a poor or limited social network, mental disorders, and physical limitation, were all factors correlated with a decreased engagement in ‘at least one activity’. Contextual factors and health-related factors were related to the five activity types in different ways. The pattern of participation in leisure activities is associated with multiple factors and their recognition is essential to the facilitation of an active lifestyle in the older population.
Some Determinants of Intrametropolitan Residential Mobility: Conceptual Considerations

A conceptual framework is described to guide research on voluntary intrametropolitan residential mobility. Mobility determinants are discussed in terms of the following push-pull dimensions, which have both structural an-d social-psychological componelnts: (1) tlhe fain ily life-cycle anid familismn; (2) social mobility aind social mnobility aspirations; (3) the residential en7vironment, including changing characteristics of residence and neighborhood and residential needs and aspirations; and (4) social and locality participationt. Influence of these factors on mobility is impeded or facilitated by frictional factors including thie availability of desired residences, information about residential opportunities, and adequate financial resources.
Sustaining Latina Student Organizations

Utilizing the exploratory case study methodology, the author examines the conditions that support and limit a Latina-based student organization at a predominately White institution of higher education. Seven organizational structures were found to influence the organization’s ability to advance its aims, from interviews, documents, observations, and focus groups with students and university personnel. Implications for future researchers, student affairs administrators, and university policy makers are discussed.
Influencing the sense of agency

One of the most exciting aspects of human consciousness is the sensation that we cause actions and that we are personally involved in the direct consequences those actions have. This sensation, also known as agency, is of great importance to the way we perceive the world and to the way we see ourselves as having an important role in that world. Agency motivates us to regulate our behavior, helps us learn from the mistakes we make, enables us to distinguish the actions we perform compared to the actions performed by other individuals, makes us feel good about ourselves when we are successful, but can also give us a bad feeling when our actions lead to undesirable outcomes. This sense of agency therefore seems to be ‘rather‘ important, but where does it actually come from? While we may intuitively feel that we should know when we have caused something to occur and when not, the research described in the present dissertation reveals that the sense of agency can be influenced by a number of different factors, including contextual action cues and internal action plans, the presence and nature of other agents, as well as hand dominance and experiences of effort. Importantly, experiences of agency in turn seem to influence our susceptibility to external forces and our ability to cause self-driven change. The present findings thereby further our knowledge on how, why, and when the sense of agency emerges and how that pervasive experience influences us in turn.
More accurate recommendations for method-level changes

During the life span of large software projects, developers often apply the same code changes to different code locations in slight variations. Since the application of these changes to all locations is time-consuming and error-prone, tools exist that learn change patterns from input examples, search for possible pattern applications, and generate corresponding recommendations. In many cases, the generated recommendations are syntactically or semantically wrong due to code movements in the input examples. Thus, they are of low accuracy and developers cannot directly copy them into their projects without adjustments. We present the Accurate REcommendation System (ARES) that achieves a higher accuracy than other tools because its algorithms take care of code movements when creating patterns and recommendations. On average, the recommendations by ARES have an accuracy of 96% with respect to code changes that developers have manually performed in commits of source code archives. At the same time ARES achieves precision and recall values that are on par with other tools.
Quantifying glacial moraine age, denudation, and soil mixing with cosmogenic nuclide depth profiles

[1] Glacial boulders and soils on moraines are often dated to quantify the timing of glaciations and/or rates of chemical weathering in moraine chronosequences. A common assumption is that moraine crest erosion and soil mixing are unimportant. However, several studies suggest moraine denudation may be substantial. We evaluate the magnitude of moraine denudation and soil mixing in the Pinedale (∼21 ka) and Bull Lake (∼140 ka) moraines at Fremont Lake (Wyoming, United States) using cosmogenic nuclide depth profiles and a numerical model of moraine erosion and nuclide production and decay. Depth profiles indicate mixing of the surface layer from 40 to 60 cm depth. Age constraints from depth profile dating of cosmogenic nuclides result in ages of 17–24 ka for the Pinedale moraine and 70–127.5 ka for the Bull Lake moraine. These ages are comparable to ages based on the Lal and Chen approach which uses a sample from the mixed layer and the unmixed layer. However, the Lal and Chen approach is difficult to apply in real environments as the mixing depth needs to be determined independently. We find our best fit model based ages for the Bull Lake moraine are younger than independent age constraints from boulder exposure dating due to incomplete mixing. Exposure age constraints from boulders are more straightforward for moraines than ages based on depth profile dating. Finally, we find that moraine crests do significantly erode and are mixed, suggesting that previous weathering and dust accumulation rate studies on moraines provide minimum estimates for these processes.
Mid-Term Results After a Newly Designed Nitinol Stapes Prosthesis Use in 46 Patients

Objective Analysis of 12-month midterm clinical and audiometric data of patients with otosclerosis who underwent stapedotomy using a newly designed prosthesis made of nitinol, a shape memory alloy. Patients Fifty-five ears of 50 consecutive patients who underwent stapetotomy between March 2010 and July 2011 were included. They met the inclusion criteria of primary procedures, a clinical follow-up and absence of nickel allergy. Intervention Stapedotomy and insertion of a newly designed stapes prosthesis. Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative (3 and 12 mo) air and bone conduction thresholds were recorded. Pure tone average and air bone gap (difference of air and bone conduction thresholds) were calculated for 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 Hz. The occurrence of complications was assessed. Results Air conduction thresholds, pure tone average, and air-bone gap improved significantly 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Bone conduction threshold improved significantly at 2,000 Hz 3 months postoperatively and at 1,000 and 2,000 Hz 12 months postoperatively. A PTA of less than 20 dB was achieved in 96% of ears. No sensorineural hearing loss or other prosthesis-related adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Postoperative hearing results are comparable to the results obtained with other self-crimping prostheses. No complications or failures related to the prosthesis occurred. A longer follow-up is necessary to prove long-term stability of hearing results and safety of the new prosthesis.
`Infertile' Cameroonian Women

A small number of Cameroonian women spoke about the suffering they experience as `infertile' woman. Even though they raise children, they are still considered childless because of not producing biological offspring of their own. Assumed reasons for their `infertility' influence societal and self reactions. `Infertile' women are painfully aware of their need to be giving and acquiescent in order not to arouse the wrath of others. Still they receive derogatory comments and unfair societal demands, such as to work longer hours or share their money. These women explain the coping measures that they use in order to cope with this painful social marginalization.
Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire as a Measure of Recent Dietary Intake in Young Adults

This research assessed the relative validity and reproducibility of the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies (DQESV2) over one month in young adults, given the lack of concise and convenient instruments for assessing recent dietary intake in this population. Participants were recruited from a large Australian university (N = 102; 35% male; age 18–34 years; body mass index 16–37 kg/m2). Five one-day weighed food records (WFR) were administered over one month followed by the DQESV2. Estimates for nutrients (energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and alcohol) and fruit and vegetable servings were compared between methods using correlation coefficients, 95% limits of agreement, and quintile classifications. One week later, a second DQESV2 was completed by n = 77 of the participants to assess reproducibility using intra-class correlations (ICC) and weighted kappa. Comparing methods, all nutrients and fruit and vegetable servings showed significant positive correlations (P<0.05) except protein intake in males; over 60% of participants were within one quintile classification except total fat and dietary fibre intakes in males (55% and 56%, respectively); and differences in nutrient and food intakes between methods were all within +/−20% of the mean WFR values except alcohol intake in females. Between first and second administrations of the DQESV2 all ICC coefficients were positive (P<0.01) and weighted kappa coefficients ranged from 0.54 for fruit servings (including fruit juice) in males to 0.91 for protein intake in females. Over a one month period, the DQESV2 demonstrated good reproducibility for the studied nutrients and for fruit and vegetable servings and provided a valid measure of the studied nutrients, except alcohol in females, and of fruit servings (including fruit juice) in both genders, at the group level in this young adult population.
A comparative study of the efficacy of acute and continuation treatment with escitalopram versus duloxetine in patients with major depressive disorder

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram and duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Research design and methods: Patients were randomised to 24 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of escitalopram (20 mg) (n = 143) or duloxetine (60 mg) (n = 151). The primary analysis of efficacy was an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) of change from baseline to endpoint (week 24) in MADRS total score (last observation carried forward). Main outcome measures; Results: At week 8, the mean change from baseline in total MADRS score was –19.5 for patients treated with escitalopram (n = 141) and –17.4 for patients treated with duloxetine (n = 146), a difference of 2.1 points ( p < 0.05). At week 8, the proportion of responders (≥ 50% decrease in MADRS) was 69% (escitalopram) and 58% (duloxetine) ( p < 0.05) and remission (MADRS ≤ 12) rates were 56% (escitalopram) and 48% (duloxetine) (NS). For the primary endpoint, the mean change from baseline in total MADRS score at week 24 was –23.4 for patients treated with escitalopram and –21.7 for patients treated with duloxetine, a difference of 1.7 points ( p = 0.055, one-sided). The difference in mean change from baseline in MADRS total score favoured escitalopram at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ( p < 0.05). The overall withdrawal rates were 22% (escitalopram) and 25% (duloxetine) (NS). The withdrawal rate due to adverse events was lower for escitalopram (9%) compared to duloxetine (17%) ( p < 0.05) and significantly more patients treated with duloxetine reported insomnia (12.6% vs. 4.9%) and constipation (8.6% vs. 2.8%). Conclusion: Escitalopram was superior to duloxetine in acute treatment and at least as efficacious and better tolerated in long-term treatment of MDD.
Metallicity in the Galactic Center: The Arches Cluster

We present a quantitative spectral analysis of five very massive stars in the Arches cluster, located near the Galactic center, to determine stellar parameters, stellar wind properties, and, most importantly, metallicity content. The analysis uses a new technique, presented here for the first time, and uses line-blanketed non-LTE wind/atmosphere models fitted to high-resolution near-infrared spectra of late-type nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars and OfI+ stars in the cluster. It relies on the fact that massive stars reach a maximum nitrogen abundance that is related to initial metallicity when they are in the WNL phase. We determine the present-day nitrogen abundance of the WNL stars in the Arches cluster to be 1.6% (mass fraction) and constrain the stellar metallicity in the cluster to be solar. This result is invariant to assumptions about the mass-luminosity relationship, the mass-loss rates, and rotation speeds. In addition, from this analysis, we find the age of the Arches cluster to be 2-2.5 Myr, assuming coeval formation.
Assessment of child witness statements using criteria-based content analysis (CBCA): The effects of age, verbal ability, and interviewer's emotional style

Abstract The goal of the study was to determine what effects age, verbal ability (assessed with WISC-R Vocabulary), and interviewer's emotional style would have on the occurrence of Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) criteria. Children (N = 68) from three different age-groups (7–8, 10–11, and 13–14 years) made both a true and a false statement concerning a mildly traumatic event. The correct classification rate was 66%. Age and verbal ability were found to increase the occurrence of some of the CBCA criteria irrespective of the truthfulness of the statements. Also, different criteria differentiated between true and false statements in different age groups. Interviewer behaviour also affected the occurrence of the criteria. It is concluded that the CBCA should not be used in court proceedings in its present form.
Can’t Live with You, Can’t Live without You: Negative Family Exchanges and Adaptation in End-stage Renal Disease Patients

The present study examined associations between negative family exchanges (patient perceptions of family overprotection and negative expressiveness, and patient feelings of being a burden), and two indicators of adaptation to illness (mental health and negative affect) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Data were collected using the perceptions of illness-related family exchanges questionnaire, the SF36 and the PANAS in a structured interview with 127 patients with ESRD in Greece. Findings indicate that patient perceptions of negative family exchanges are related to outcomes, even after controlling for demographic and clinical factors. It is important to consider caregivers in intervention programmes of ESRD patients.
Análisis de los efectos de un programa de intervención psicológica en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto

This study aimed to test the effects of psychological training on young basketball players. The sample consisted in 47 male players who belong to the U-14 and U-16 teams of the same club. The groups were divided into an experimental group (U-14 1 and U-16 3) and a control group (U- 14 2 and U-16 4). The athletes had never participated in psychological training programmes before. The instrument used for the study was the Question - naire of Psychological Features Sports Performance -CPRD. The questionnaire was administered in two stages: at the beginning and the end of the season. Psychological training was applied throughout the season with the experimental groups before the training sessions, in which the players' psy - chological abilities were trained. After analyzing the data, the results show that the experimental groups (U-14 1 and U-16 3) showed significant differ - ences in all psychological characteristics between the beginning and the end of the season, whereas in the results of the control groups (U-14 2 and U-16 4), no significant differences were observed in most of the psychological variables. We conclude that psychological training positively influenced the experimental groups.
Effect of Harvesting Frequency, Variety and Leaf Maturity on Nutrient Composition, Hydrogen Cyanide Content and Cassava Foliage Yield

The experiment studied the effect of harvesting frequencies and varieties on yield, chemical composition and hydrogen cyanide content in cassava foliage. Foliage from three cassava varieties, K94 (very bitter), K98-7 (medium bitter) and a local (sweet), were harvested in three different cutting cycles, at 3, 6 and 9 months; 6 and 9 months and 9 months after planting, in a 2-yr experiment carried out in Hanoi, Vietnam. Increasing the harvesting frequency increased dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) production in cassava foliage. The K94 variety produced higher foliage yields than the other two varieties. Dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and total tannin content increased with months to the first harvest, whereas CP content decreased. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content was lower at the first harvest than at later harvests for all cutting cycles. At subsequent harvests the content of total tannins tended to decline, while HCN content increased (p<0.05). Chemical composition differed somewhat across varieties except for total tannins and ash. Dry matter, NDF, ADF and total tannins were higher in fully matured leaves, while CP and HCN were lower in developing leaves.
Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh

In the deltaic plain of the Ganges‐Meghna‐Brahmaputra Rivers, arsenic concentrations in groundwater commonly exceed regulatory limits (>50 µg L−1) because FeOOH is microbially reduced and releases its sorbed load of arsenic to groundwater. Neither pyrite oxidation nor competitive exchange with fertilizer phosphate contribute to arsenic pollution. The most intense reduction and so severest pollution is driven by microbial degradation of buried deposits of peat. Concentrations of ammonium up to 23 mg L−1 come from microbial fermentation of buried peat and organic waste in latrines. Concentrations of phosphorus of up to 5 mg L−1 come from the release of sorbed phosphorus when FeOOH is reductively dissolved and from degradation of peat and organic waste from latrines. Calcium and barium in groundwater come from dissolution of detrital (and possibly pedogenic) carbonate, while magnesium is supplied by both carbonate dissolution and weathering of mica. The 87Sr/86Sr values of dissolved strontium define a two‐component mixing trend between monsoonal rainfall (0.711±0.001) and detrital carbonate (<0.735).