Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endurance and sprint benefits of high-intensity and supramaximal interval training

Abstract This study examined the effect of two different interval training programs–high-intensity interval training (HIT) and supramaximal interval training (SMIT)–on measures of sprint and endurance performance. Physically active individuals (Females: n=32; age 19.3, s=2.2 years; mass 67.6, s=9.1 kg; stature 172.7, s=6.6 cm. Males: n=23; age 20.0, s=2.7 years; mass 71.3, s=8.3 kg; stature 176.6, s=5.8 cm) completed pre-testing that comprised (1) 3000 m time-trial, (2) 40 m sprint, and (3) repeated sprint ability (RSA–6×40 m sprints, 24 s active recovery) performance. Participants were then matched for average 3000 m running velocity (AV) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (i) HIT, n=19, 4 min at 100% AV, 4 min passive recovery, 4–6 bouts per session; (ii) SMIT, n=20, 30 s at 130% AV, 150 s passive recovery, 7–12 bouts per session; and (iii) control group, n=16, 30 min continuous running at 75% AV. Groups trained three times per week for six weeks. When time to complete each test were compared among groups: (i) improvements in 3000 m time trial performance were greater following SMIT than continuous running, and (ii) improvements in 40 m sprint and RSA performance were greater following SMIT than HIT and continuous running. In addition, a gender effect was observed for the 3000 m time trial only, where females changed more following the training intervention than males. In summary, for concurrent improvements in endurance, sprint and repeated sprint performance, SMIT provides the greatest benefits for physically active individuals.
The What, How, Why, and Where of Self-Construal

Since the publication of Markus and Kitayama’s pivotal article on culture and the self, the concepts of independent, relational, and interdependent self-construal have become important constructs in cultural psychology and research on the self. The authors review the history of these constructs, their measurement and manipulation, and their roles in cognition, emotion, motivation, and social behavior. They make suggestions for future research and point to problems still to be sorted out. Researchers interested in these constructs have many opportunities to make important contributions to the literature in a variety of fields, including health psychology, education, counseling, and international relations.
Longitudinal Analysis of Relations among Behavior Problems, Language, and Early Literacy Growth Trajectories for Young Children At-Risk for Significant Behavior Problems.

Many children exhibit challenging behavior even in preschool. Recent reports have suggested that behavior problems, language skills, and academic delays are interrelated and perhaps mutually causal mechanisms, each adversely influencing the other. Language difficulties lead to behavior problems, behavior problems lead to academic delays, and academic delays lead again to behavior problems, all leading to early school failure. Little is known about this relationship in young children, 18 to 60 months of age, relative to what is known in older children, particularly in high risk samples. This investigation examined these relations among early measures of behavior problems (i.e., externalizing and internalizing), receptive and expressive language, and early literacy skills in a multisite sample of young children at risk for challenging behavior. Additionally considered were two cohorts of children specified by age and the language most heard at home. Using the severity and stability of behavior problems as a primary analytic factor, results for children who most heard English at home indicated: (a) distinct over-time patterns in behavior problems and (b) mixed covarying relationships to lower language proficiency and lower early literacy developmental outcome patterns. Results for a small sample of children, who most heard Spanish at home, when compared to the English group, indicated no differences in language proficiency on tests administered in English and Spanish, but lower outcomes on early literacy measures administered in English. Implications and the need for further research are discussed.
Learning Objects Reusability and Their Adaptation for Blended Learning

The main scientific problems investigated in this article deal with reusability of Learning Objects (LOs) which is one of the main factors of their adaptation possibilities for blended learning. The aim of the article is to analyze popular existing LOs technical evaluation tools, and to formulate new more complex tool based on requirements for LOs reusability and adaptation for blended learning. The author has investigated that existing LOs technical evaluation tools have a number of limitations. Some of them do not examine different LO life cycle stages, and other insufficiently examine technical evaluation criteria before LO inclusion in the repository. All these tools insufficiently examine LOs reusability criteria. Therefore more complex LOs technical evaluation tool is needed. It should include LO technical evaluation criteria suitable for different LO life cycle stages, i.e., criteria before, during and after LO inclusion in the repository as well as LO reusability criteria.
Direct Observation of Translocation in Individual DNA Polymerase Complexes*

Background: DNA polymerases translocate along DNA by one nucleotide in each catalytic cycle. Results: The DNA polymerase translocation step is observed with single nucleotide and submillisecond precision. Conclusion: DNA polymerase complexes fluctuate between pre- and post-translocation states and are rectified to the post-translocation state by dNTP. Significance: These results provide insight into the translocation mechanism and its integration into the DNA polymerase catalytic pathway. Complexes of phi29 DNA polymerase and DNA fluctuate on the millisecond time scale between two ionic current amplitude states when captured atop the α-hemolysin nanopore in an applied field. The lower amplitude state is stabilized by complementary dNTP and thus corresponds to complexes in the post-translocation state. We have demonstrated that in the upper amplitude state, the DNA is displaced by a distance of one nucleotide from the post-translocation state. We propose that the upper amplitude state corresponds to complexes in the pre-translocation state. Force exerted on the template strand biases the complexes toward the pre-translocation state. Based on the results of voltage and dNTP titrations, we concluded through mathematical modeling that complementary dNTP binds only to the post-translocation state, and we estimated the binding affinity. The equilibrium between the two states is influenced by active site-proximal DNA sequences. Consistent with the assignment of the upper amplitude state as the pre-translocation state, a DNA substrate that favors the pre-translocation state in complexes on the nanopore is a superior substrate in bulk phase for pyrophosphorolysis. There is also a correlation between DNA sequences that bias complexes toward the pre-translocation state and the rate of exonucleolysis in bulk phase, suggesting that during DNA synthesis the pathway for transfer of the primer strand from the polymerase to exonuclease active site initiates in the pre-translocation state.
Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Administrators

The purpose of this study was to test Frederick Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory with public school administrators. The sample was randomly drawn from administrators in the 132 high schools in the Chicago, Illinois, suburban area. The data indicated the sample of administrators reported sequences of events that fit consistently with the Motivation-Hygiene Theory. The data lead to the conclusion that administrators are highly motivated by achievement, recognition, and advancement, but not very much by salary, good interpersonal relations, effective policy and administration, and supervision, which are so often used as motivators. Factors such as salary, interpersonal relations, policy and administration, and supervision were observed to be highly dissatisfying to the administrator, however, when not effectively present.
Happiness and the Good Life

Holland argues that environmental deliberation should return to classical questions about the nature of the good life, understood as the worthwhile life. Holland's proposal contrasts with the revived hedonist conception of the good life which has been influential on environmentalism. The concept of the worthwhile life needs to be carefully distinguished from those of the happy life and the dutiful life. Holland's account of the worthwhile life captures the narrative dimension of human well-being which is revealed but inadequately addressed by hedonic research. Environmental concerns are better understood from a non-hedonist perspective. An Aristotelian version of this perspective also offers the institutional focus which Holland suggests is required in environmental deliberation.
Consumer Attitudes toward Location-based Advertising via Mobile Devices: An Empirical Study

Mobile advertising is evolving rapidly and becoming the key mobile data and revenue drivers of the mobile contents market. More powerful mobile devices have made possible the creation of better and richer mobile advertising. Moreover, the integration of location-aware technologies such as Cell Identification and GPS (Global Positioning Systems) into mobile devices has inspired the development of location-based advertising (LBA). As location-based services (LBS) have the potential to become the first realizable example of ubiquitous computing, business opportunities from these appear quite feasible. LBA can provide relevant, targeted, and timely advertising information to consumers at the point of need. The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer attitudes toward LBA, and the
Optimality of LDGM-LDPC compound codes for lossy compression of binary erasure source

We consider the Binary Erasure Source (BES) introduced by Martinian and Yedidia. Based on the technique introduced by Martinian and Wainwright, we upper bound the rate-distortion performance of the check regular Poisson LDGM ensemble and the compound LDGM-LDPC ensemble for the BES. We also show that there exist compound LDGM-LDPC codes, with degrees independent of the block-length, which can achieve any given point on the Shannon rate-distortion curve of the BES.
Modifying an American Consumer Behavior Model for Consumers in Confucian Culture

Most of the accepted consumer behavior models and marketing principles have been developed in the United States and not in the “other” cultures. Several researchers have recently raised the need to validate the applicability of these models to the other cultures and to modify them to improve the models' performances for the cultures concerned. The objective of this research is to modify the Fishbein behavioral intention for Confucian culture consumers (i.e., Koreans in this study) having a fundamentally different cultural background than that which is dominant in the United States. The modified model incorporates the concepts of group conformity and face-saving, both of which have pervasive influences over Confucian culture consumers' attitudes and behaviors. The findings of the study strongly suggest the modified model improves the performances of the Fishbein behavioral intention model in explaining Korean consumer's behavioral intention formation process.
[Effect of postpartum breast-feeding support by nurse on the breast-feeding prevalence].

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the professional nurse's postpartum breast-feeding support on breast-feeding prevalence for mothers who delivered in Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFH). METHODS This quasi experimental study was designed with a nonequivalent control group post test. The subjects of this study were 55 mothers who were hospitalized in the delivery room of a university hospital which was selected as a BFH in Daegu from October 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. Twenty nine mothers were assigned to the experimental group and 26 mothers to the control group. Postpartum breast-feeding support by nurses' telephone calls to the experimental group was provided once a week for 4 weeks postpartum and then once a month for 16 weeks postpartum. Four post tests were given at postpartum week 4, 8, 12, and 16. The control group was given a telephone call at postpartum week 4, 8, 12, and 16. RESULTS The breastfeeding prevalence of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group for each period. CONCLUSION Postpartum breast-feeding support by nurses may be a useful intervention to increase breast-feeding prevalence.
Stage models of mental processing and the additive-factor method

This paper puts forward a general framework for thought about human information processing. It is intended to avoid some of the problems of pipeline or stage models of function. At the same time it avoids the snare of supposing a welter of indefinitely many separate processes. The approach is not particularly original, but rather represents the common elements or presuppositions in a number of modern theories. These presuppositions are not usually explicit, however, and making them so reduces the danger of slipping back into earlier modes of thought. The key point is to distinguish between persisting representations and the processes that translate one representation into another. Various classes or groups of persisting representations can be distinguished by the experimental treatments that interfere with them. In particular, there now seem to be several kinds of short-term or temporary storage, different from each other as well as from longterm memory; the translating processes also have several different modes or kinds. A particularly important aspect of the current position is that a model of this general type no longer requires some external agent to direct and control long sequences of behaviour.
Unionism, Truth and the Challenge of the Past: A Response to Aaron Edwards

This article responds to Dr Aaron Edwards' comments on my previously published article ‘Unionism, truth recovery and the fearful past’ (2011, Irish Political Studies, 26(3), pp. 361–382). It highlights two main areas of concern – the manipulation of the papers' findings into a broader critique of peace process narratives and that the paper ‘skews’ loyalist paramilitaries' contribution to peace-building. Both points suggest a misinterpretation of the arguments contained in my paper and its relationship to the field of transitional justice.
Emotion Recognition, Emotion Regulation, and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Incarcerated Male Youth

Emotion Recognition, Emotion Regulation, and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Incarcerated Male Youth Jessica L. Linick Youth with Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits represent an important subgroup of antisocial youth whose behavioral, affective, and cognitive functioning appear sharply different from other youth with conduct problems. However, few, if any studies have examined the interaction of cognitive control and emotion recognition among youth with CU traits, an important aspect of anti-social behavior. The current study examined the performance of adolescent males with Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits using an Emotional Go/Nogo task (EGNG), a measure of emotion recognition, cognitive control, and emotional regulation, with a specific focus on the recognition and regulation of responses to negative facial expressions. Participants included 268 male, sentenced or detained youth (ages 16-18 years), from a large correctional facility in New York City. On the EGNG, youth were presented with a series of facial expressions (angry, happy, sad, fearful, and neutral) and were asked to respond to a particular facial expression (“Go” trials) while inhibiting their response to a neutral expression (“Nogo” trials), or vice versa. CU traits were measured via the Inventory of CallousUnemotional Traits (ICU), a 24-item self-report instrument assessing levels of Callousness, Uncaring, and Unemotional traits. With regard to the main research question, emotion recognition, results indicated that this sample of antisocial youth with CU traits did not demonstrate deficits in recognizing fear or any other emotion faces in the EGNG task. However, youth with higher CU traits appeared more susceptible to emotional interference from negative emotional faces (Fear, Angry, Sad), evidencing difficulties in both behavioral inhibition and emotional reactivity within these conditions. In addition, analyses revealed unpredicted associations among EGNG performance, reading level, and race/ethnicity, suggesting a role of cultural, contextual, and individual level factors influencing emotional regulatory ability in these youth. Compared to studies that have examined the ability to label fearful affect, these findings suggest that discriminating fear from neutral faces may not be as deficient in youth with CU traits as previously reported. This is consistent with research that has found that CU traits may improve adolescents’ ability to label the expression of fear and may facilitate antisocial behavior. Importantly, this study highlights the utility of examining CU traits in antisocial youth, and has important theoretical and clinical implications. Future research should continue to examine the regulation of responses to fear and other negative emotions in youth with CU traits, as well as relationships among these variables and behavioral characteristics (e.g., propensity to violence).
Robust Mechanism Design: An Introduction

This essay is the introduction for a collection of papers by the two of us on “Robust Mechanism Design”to be published by World Scienti…c Publishing. The appendix of this essay lists the chapters of the book. The objective of this introductory essay is to provide the reader with an overview of the research agenda pursued in the collected papers. The introduction selectively presents the main results of the papers, and attempts to illustrate many of them in terms of a common and canonical example, the single unit auction with interdependent values. In addition, we include an extended discussion about the role of alternative assumptions about type spaces in our work and the literature, in order to explain the common logic of the informational robustness approach that uni…es the work in this volume.
Effective release rates at single rat Schaffer collateral–CA1 synapses during sustained theta‐burst activity revealed by optical imaging

To understand how information is coded at single hippocampal synapses during high‐frequency activity, we imaged NMDA receptor‐mediated Ca2+ responses in spines of CA1 neurons using two‐photon microscopy. Although discrete quantal events were not readily apparent during continuous theta‐burst stimulation (TBS), we found that the steady‐state dendritic Ca2+ response was spatially restricted (half‐width < 1 μm), voltage dependent and sensitive to MK‐801, indicating that that it was mediated by activation of NMDA receptors at single synapses. Partial antagonism of NMDA receptors caused a similar reduction of NMDA EPSCs (measured at the soma) and local dendritic Ca2+ signals, suggesting that, like EPSCs, the steady‐state Ca2+ signal was made up of a linear addition of quantal events. Statistical analyses of the steady‐response suggested that the quantal size did not change dramatically during TBS. Deconvolution of TBS‐evoked Ca2+ responses revealed a heterogeneous population of synapses differing in their capacity to signal high‐frequency information, with an average effective steady‐state release rate of ∼2.6 vesicles synapse−1 s−1. To assess how the optically determined release rates compare with population measures we analysed the rate of decay of peak EPSCs during train stimulation. From these studies, we estimated a unitary vesicular replenishment rate of 0.02 s−1, which corresponds to an average release rate of ∼0.8–2 vesicles s−1 at individual synapses. Additionally, extracellular recordings from single Schaffer collaterals revealed that spikes propagate reliably during TBS. Hence, during high‐frequency activity, Schaffer collaterals conduct spikes with high fidelity, but release quanta with relatively lower efficiency, leaving NMDA receptor function largely intact and synapse specific. Heterogeneity in release rates between synapses suggests that similar patterns of presynaptic action potentials could trigger different forms of plasticity at individual synapses.
Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Intent to Return in Event Sport Tourism

The article proposes a conceptual model of quality in event sport tourism wherein perceived quality of sport tourism (Sport Tourism Quality) is said to influence tourist satisfaction which, in turn, influences the tourist’s intention to return to the place of the event and/or the event itself. Sport Tourism Quality is indicated by four primary dimensions each of which is defined by two or more subdimensions. The primary dimensions are (a) access quality (composed of access to destination, sport venue, hotel), (b) accommodation quality (including the environment, interactions, and value), (c) venue quality (comprised of environment, interactions, and value), and (d) contest quality (indicated by process of the contest and the product of the contest). The proposed multidimensional model of sport tourism quality would facilitate research into the dynamics of sport tourism and offer guidelines for practitioners as they constantly strive to provide the very best experience for sport tourists.
The preference for experiences over possessions: Measurement and construct validation of the Experiential Buying Tendency Scale

There is growing support that money spent on experiential items increases an individual's happiness. However, there is minimal research on the causes and long-term consequences of the tendency to make experiential purchases. Given the importance of experiential buying for improving well-being, an understanding of the preference for experiential purchasing is imperative. Thus, we developed the Experiential Buying Tendency Scale (EBTS) to measure habitual experiential purchasing. Across eight samples (n = 9634), the EBTS was developed, and shown to be reliable, valid, and predictive of consumer behavior and psychological well-being. An experiential purchasing tendency was related to higher extraversion, openness, empathic concern, and reward seeking. Further, non-materialistic values predicted a preference for experiential purchasing, which led to increased psychological need satisfaction, and, ultimately, increased subjective well-being. The discussion proposes that experiential purchasing may be a function of one's sensitivity to rewards, emotional responsiveness to events, and appreciation of the world's beauty.