Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Loses from Trade? Evidence from Taiwan

In the presence of information and trading costs, informed investors should profit from uninformed investors. We test this proposition by analyzing the performance of institutional and individual investors using trades data for all market participants in the Taiwan stock market during the five years ending in 1999. Before considering trading costs (commissions and transaction taxes), on the average day, institutions realize trading profits of $NT 178 million, while individual investors lose the same amount. In general, the gains to institutions are not offset by their trading costs, while trading costs exacerbate the losses of individuals. After costs, we estimate that the trading of institutional investors adds one percentage point annually to their portfolio performance, while the trading of individuals subtracts over three percentage points annually from their performance. All major institutional categories (corporations, dealers, foreigners, and mutual funds) earn profits before costs. Only corporations fail to do so after costs. We also map trades to orders, which we classify as aggressive (demanding liquidity) or passive (providing liquidity) based on order prices. Virtually all trading losses incurred by individuals can be traced to their aggressive orders. In contrast, institutions profit from both their passive and aggressive trades. Most of the institutional profits from passive trades, which provide liquidity to market participants, are accrued within a few days of the trade. In contrast, most of the institutional profits from their aggressive trades accrue at horizons up to six months. All of the gains from trade are exhausted within six months.
Mapping Access to Fresh Produce, Fish and Shellfish at a Local Level Using a Mixed - Method Community Food Assessment Approach: A Case Study - St. Helena Island, South Carolina

This report is a summary of a community food assessment (CF A) conducted over the course of five field survey trips to St. Helena Island, South Carolina, from December 2011 to July 2013. The goal of this CF A was to understand community characteristics related to the distribution and consumption of fresh produce, fish and shellfish. The method used for this CF A is composed of three parts, (1) spatial analysis using Geographic ! reformation System (GIS) data (2) a community food assessment survey focused on where residents obtain their food and (3) ethnographic interviews with local growers, subsistence farmers and consumers. Applying this . mixed-method approach, we uncovered an intricate i1iformal network of subsistence farmers who supply the local food system with fresh produce, shellfish and fish products. Initial fieldwork findings indicate that during harvest, fresh produce, fish and shellfish· are regularly dispersed, free of charge, throughout the community by familial and neighbor-to-neighbor sharing relationships. Additional food is shared for low or no cost via "informal access points" such as front-yard produce stands, county food pantries, and distribution at local places of worship. Of those surveyed on the island, (N=50) 75 percent repor{having either direct or indirect access to fr·esh produce, fish and shellfish through this informal network. These preliminary findings suggest that rural communities with limited transportation access to supermarkets may actually have substantially more access to fresh fruits, vegetables and other culturally significant foods than previously determined by conventional quantitative 'formal' food desert detection methodologies.
Estimation of biophysical characteristics for highly variable mixed-conifer stands using small-footprint lidar

Although lidar data are widely available from commercial contractors, operational use in North America is still limited by both cost and the uncertainty of large-scale application and associated model accuracy issues. We analyzed whether small-footprint lidar data obtained from five noncontiguous geographic areas with varying species and structural composition, silvicultural practices, and topography could be used in a single regression model to produce accurate estimates of commonly obtained forest inventory attributes on the Nez Perce Reservation in northern Idaho, USA. Lidar-derived height metrics were used as predictor variables in a best-subset multiple linear regression procedure to determine whether a suite of stand inventory variables could be accurately estimated. Empirical relationships between lidar-derived height metrics and field-measured dependent variables were developed with training data and acceptable models validated with an independent subset. Models were then fit with all data, result.
FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF WEAKENED TEETH RESTORED WITH CONDENSABLE RESIN WITH AND WITHOUT CUSP COVERAGE

Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of weakened human premolars (MOD cavity preparation and pulp chamber roof removal) restored with condensable resin composite with and without cusp coverage. Material and Methods: Thirty human maxillary premolars were divided into three groups: Group A (control), sound teeth; Group B, wide MOD cavities prepared and the pulp chamber roof removed and restored with resin composite without cusp coverage; Group C, same as Group B with 2.0 mm of buccal and palatal cusps reduced and restored with the same resin. The teeth were included in metal rings with self-curing acrylic resin, stored in water for 24 h and thereafter subjected to a compressive axial load in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. Results: The mean fracture resistance values ± standart deviation (kgf) were: group A: 151.40 ± 55.32, group B: 60.54 ± 12.61, group C: 141.90 ± 30.82. Statistically significant differences were found only between Group B and the other groups (p<0.05). The condensable resin restoration of weakened human premolars with cusp coverage significantly increased the fracture resistance of the teeth as compared to teeth restored without cusp coverage. Conclusion: The results showed that cusp coverage with condensable resin might be a safe option for restoring weakened endodontically treated teeth.
Factors that influence Australian speech-language pathologists’ self-reported uptake of aphasia rehabilitation recommendations from clinical practice guidelines

ABSTRACT Background: There are clinical practice guidelines for speech-language pathologists’ aphasia management practices. However, reported adherence to aphasia guideline recommendations is variable. The barriers and facilitators to meeting aphasia management recommendations are not well understood. In order to develop theory-informed strategies to improve implementation of aphasia management practices, a better understanding of these barriers and facilitators is required. Aims: This study aimed to describe barriers and facilitators to speech-language pathologists’ uptake and implementation of five prioritised recommended practices for aphasia management. Methods & Procedures: An online survey sought information from Australian speech-language pathologists working with clients with aphasia. The survey focused on five practices including goal setting, information provision, constraint-induced language therapy, timing, and intensity of intervention. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to design the survey, with several statements generated about factors influencing practice for each domain. Outcomes & Results: Surveys were completed by 63 respondents. The theoretical domain “environmental context and resources” (e.g., “I have insufficient time to engage in…”) was the main perceived barrier for the majority of practices being investigated, whilst the theoretical domain “social/professional role and identity” (e.g., “It is part of my role with the multidisciplinary stroke team to engage in…”) was the main perceived implementation facilitator for all practices. The top three barriers and facilitators varied for each of the five recommended practices being investigated. Across clinical settings, there were commonalities and differences in the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. There was a significant correlation between self-reported uptake of all of the aphasia rehabilitation recommendations we investigated and participants’ total barrier scores. Total barrier scores were also significantly different between clinical settings in the area of goal setting, with acute settings having a higher number of reported barriers to goal setting than rehabilitation settings (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Implementation interventions that seek to overcome the barriers of environmental context and resources (time, competing priorities and resources) are likely to have the most effect on aphasia best practice uptake. Encouraging behaviour change in the “social professional role and identity” domain by emphasising the role of the speech-language pathologist in aphasia rehabilitation within the multidisciplinary stroke team should further improve uptake of recommended practices. At a local level, departments or individual speech pathologists need to identify their own barriers and facilitators and choose effective implementation interventions using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Both strategies should help close the evidence-practice gap in aphasia rehabilitation.
Teaching Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability to Solve Word Problems

This study evaluated an intervention developed through an Institute of Education Sciences-funded Goal 2 research project to teach students with moderate intellectual disability (moderate ID) to solve addition and subtraction word problems. The intervention involved modified schema-based instruction that embedded effective practices (e.g., pictorial task analysis, graphic organizers, systematic prompting with feedback) for teaching mathematics skills to students with moderate ID. The dependent variables included steps performed correctly on a problem solving task analysis, number of problems solved, problem type discrimination, and generalization of problem solving skills. Results of a multiple probe across student dyads design indicated a functional relation between three dependent variables and the intervention. Upon completion of the intervention, all eight participants with moderate ID correctly followed the task analysis, discriminated problem types, and solved word problems. Key discussion items include feasibility of teaching problem solving skills, types of modifications needed, and the generality of these skills to novel formats.
The presence of Epstein-Barr virus significantly impacts the transcriptional profile in immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive neoplasm derived from mature, antigen-experienced B-lymphocytes. Three clinical/epidemiological variants have been recognized, named sporadic, endemic and immunodeficiency-associated BL (ID-BL). Although they are listed within a unique entity in the current WHO Classification, recent evidence indicated genetic and transcriptional differences among the three sub-groups. Further, the presence of latently persisting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with specific features in endemic and sporadic cases. In this study, we explored for the first time whether EBV infection could be related with a specific molecular profile in immunodeficiency-associated cases. We studied 30 BL cases, including nine occurring in HIV-positive patients (5 EBV-positive and 4 EBV-negative) by gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling. We found that ID-BL presented with different profiles based on EBV presence. Specifically, 252 genes were differentially expressed, some of them being involved in intracellular signaling and apoptosis regulation. Furthermore, 28 miRNAs including both EBV-encoded (N = 18) and cellular (N = 10) ones were differentially regulated. Of note, genes previously demonstrated to be targeted by such miRNA were consistently found among differentially expressed genes, indicating the relevant contribution of miRNA to the molecular profile of the examined cases. Grippingly, 17 out of the 252 differentially expressed genes turned out to be potentially targeted by both cellular and EBV-encoded miRNA, suggesting a complex interaction and not excluding a potential synergism. In conclusion, we documented transcriptional differences based on the presence of EBV in ID-BL, and suggested a complex interaction between cellular and viral molecules in the determination of the global molecular profile of the tumor.
FleetNet: Bringing Car-to-Car Communication into the Real World

Car-to-car communication by means of wireless technology shows a strong potential to enhance both safety and comfort of road users. The necessity to reach cars beyond the transmission range of the own radio creates the challenge to find algorithms to efficiently forward packets. In these so-called vehicular ad hoc networks, position information has been identified as a crucial component that alleviates some of the limitations of existing topology-based protocols. Thus, we see the use of positional information at the core of a car-to-car communication system that provides advanced applications for active safety, distributed floating car data, as well as user communication and information. A major thrust to leverage a car-to-car communication platform was provided by the FleetNet project, partly funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research BMB+F and led by DaimlerChrysler AG. Based on ad hoc networking principles and the availability of position information, the project developed suitable communication concepts. In addition to simulation studies, a prototype communication and application system was implemented and deployed, embedding safety and convenience applications. With car-based real world field trials successfully conducted, first results and experiences look promising.
Sub-state diplomacy: Understanding the international opportunity structures

ABSTRACT Developing explanations for how sub-state governments are active internationally is central to understanding their unexpected growth as international actors. Building upon Lecours’ work [2002, Paradiplomacy: reflections on the foreign policy and international relations of regions, International Negotiation, Vol.7, pp.91–114], this article develops an expanded historical institutionalist analysis of the international agency of sub-state governments. Its original empirical contribution is utilizing this approach to examine within case variation across four contrasting policy domains in a case study of Wales. Reflecting the European Union sub-state mobilization literature, levels of constitutional powers are constrained in their capacity to account for Welsh sub-state international agency. Instead, the article highlights strong variation in the opportunity structures shaping sub-state diplomacy across policy domains. The article argues that institutional continuity and change, the prevalence of ‘path dependence’, can differ significantly between policy domains in sub-state diplomacy, argues for an expanded multi-level framework recognizing the impact of non-governmental organizations and international institutional opportunity structures and confirms historical institutionalism’s ability to enrich understanding of agency-structure relationships.
A model of leadership motivations, error management culture, leadership capacity, and career success

We integrated ideas from literature on error management culture, leadership motivation, and career development to create several contributions for the research literature. First, we examined two situational factors – error management/aversion culture perceptions – that affect employees’ leadership-relevant motivations. Second, we distinguish between two types of leader motivations, motivation to lead (MTL) and motivation to develop leadership skills (MTDL). We offer evidence of discriminant and predictive validity of the two leadership motivations on key leadership processes and outcomes. Third, we tested a linkage model in which error management/aversion perceptions influenced leadership motivations (MTL and MTDL) and these motivations predicted leadership capacity and leader career success (i.e., promotions, increased leadership responsibility, and pay increases). Based upon multisource data collected from 151 employees and their supervisors from diverse occupations and organizations over a period of 1 year, we found that error management perceptions were positively associated with social-normative MTL (the motive to lead out of a sense of duty and obligation) and with MTDL whereas perceptions of error aversion were negatively related with affective-identity and non-calculative MTL. MTDL was distinguishable from MTL and demonstrated better predictive validity on leadership capacity and career success than MTL. We discuss a number of implications for both theory and practice. Practitioner Points Creating a culture in which errors are constructively managed enhances leadership motivations, leadership capacity (leader behaviour, development, and potential), and career success. In managing leadership development and performance, distinguishing between motivation to be a leader and motivation to develop leadership skills is important, both in terms of how these motivations are influenced by error management and aversion and in terms of the how the motivations influence leadership capacity and success. Motive to lead out of a sense of duty is key.
Multimedia Communications in Remote Interviews

In this paper, we present an application system, TRIUMF that is purposely designed for recruitment interviews conducted remotely through video-conferencing. In particular, we examine how multimedia communications can be utilized to overcome difficulties currently associated with remote interviews, such as the inadequate visual information and the lack of physical contact. We also describe our approach to the design of multimedia user interfaces in TRIUMF, which is to be used by a wide-range of users of varying IT knowledge and experience.
miR-141 Is a Key Regulator of Renal Cell Carcinoma Proliferation and Metastasis by Controlling EphA2 Expression

Purpose: Although microRNAs (miRNA) have been revealed as crucial modulators of tumorigenesis, our understanding of their roles in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited. Here we sought to identify human miRNAs that act as key regulators of renal carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: We performed microarray-based miRNA profiling of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and adjacent normal tissues and then explored the roles of miR-141 both in vitro and in vivo, which was the most significantly downregulated in ccRCC tissues. Results: A total of 74 miRNAs were dysregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues. miR-141 was remarkably downregulated in 92.6% (63/68) ccRCC tissues and would serve as a promising biomarker for discriminating ccRCC from normal tissues with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.93. Overexpression of miR-141 robustly impaired ccRCC cell migratory and invasive properties and suppressed cell proliferation by arresting cells at G0–G1 phase in vitro and in human RCC orthotopic xenografts. Significantly, the antitumor activities of miR-141 were mediated by its reversal regulation of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) A2 (EphA2), which then relayed a signaling transduction cascade to attenuate the functions of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), AKT, and MMP2/9. In addition, a specific and inverse correlation between miR-141 and EphA2 expression was obtained in human ccRCC samples. Finally, miR-141 could be secreted from the ccRCC donor cells, and be taken up and function moderately in the ccRCC recipient cells. Conclusion: miR-141 serves as a potential biomarker for discriminating ccRCC from normal tissues and a crucial suppressor of ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis by modulating the EphA2/p-FAK/p-AKT/MMPs signaling cascade. Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2617–30. ©2014 AACR.
A Review of the Effect of Diet on Cardiovascular Calcification

Cardiovascular (CV) calcification is known as sub-clinical atherosclerosis and is recognised as a predictor of CV events and mortality. As yet there is no treatment for CV calcification and conventional CV risk factors are not consistently correlated, leaving clinicians uncertain as to optimum management for these patients. For this reason, a review of studies investigating diet and serum levels of macro- and micronutrients was carried out. Although there were few human studies of macronutrients, nevertheless transfats and simple sugars should be avoided, while long chain ω-3 fats from oily fish may be protective. Among the micronutrients, an intake of 800 μg/day calcium was beneficial in those without renal disease or hyperparathyroidism, while inorganic phosphorus from food preservatives and colas may induce calcification. A high intake of magnesium (≥380 mg/day) and phylloquinone (500 μg/day) proved protective, as did a serum 25(OH)D concentration of ≥75 nmol/L. Although oxidative damage appears to be a cause of CV calcification, the antioxidant vitamins proved to be largely ineffective, while supplementation of α-tocopherol may induce calcification. Nevertheless other antioxidant compounds (epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and resveratrol from red wine) were protective. Finally, a homocysteine concentration >12 µmol/L was predictive of CV calcification, although a plasma folate concentration of >39.4 nmol/L could both lower homocysteine and protect against calcification. In terms of a dietary programme, these recommendations indicate avoiding sugar and the transfats and preservatives found in processed foods and drinks and adopting a diet high in oily fish and vegetables. The micronutrients magnesium and vitamin K may be worthy of further investigation as a treatment option for CV calcification.
Organizational Readiness for Successful Knowledge Sharing: Challenges for Public Sector Managers

Knowledge sharing in public services has not yet received much attention in the research literature. This paper investigates knowledge sharing in one public service context and identifies factors that influence the readiness of an organization to share knowledge effectively. Using participant observation, document analysis, interviews n=30 and a survey n=132, data are presented to highlight antecedents to effective knowledge sharing in healthcare service delivery. Through factor analysis and regression modeling, we have isolated six factors that are significant predictors of effective knowledge sharing. Our research is broadly consistent with previous findings that an innovative culture, a capacity to learn from failure and good information quality are strong predictors of successful knowledge sharing. However, we also identify factors associated with change management, and a predisposition to confront performance indicators, that significantly influence the knowledge sharing process. While we argue that our six-factor model may be equally relevant to private sector firms, we suggest that the peculiar nature of the public sector environment poses unique challenges for healthcare managers who seek to develop a knowledge sharing capability.