Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Establishing Organisational Web Sites: some puzzling findings

A survey of the currently available literature on diffusion of Web technologies reveals that it is at a very early stage of development. As a result, it is difficult, if not impossible, to use existing models to describe or explain the process of establishing organizational Web sites. One of the few theoretical models that can be used as a starting point for research in this area is the Jarvenpaa and Ives (1996) model. The model consists of five propositions that describe what the authors see as the essential aspects of the diffusion of Web technology. The purpose of this paper is to compare data collected in an Australian university to the propositions of the Jarvenpaa and Ives model. The comparison demonstrates that there is a need for a more generic model which would explain the diffusion process of Web technologies in diverse organizational and cultural contexts. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the political, industrial, and cultural reasons that may explain the differences between the dynamics in our case and those described in the Jarvenpaa and Ives model.
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality.

Diverse data challenge and undermine ihe central assumptions of the tradi tional trait approach to personality. The implications for conceptions of individual differences and situations in the study of personality are examined. The issues discussed include the nature of behavioral "specificity," the acquired meaning of stimuli, the uses and misuses of traits, and the construction of personality. To move toward a more adequate theoretical approach to persons, the following cognitive social learning variables are proposed as basic units for the study of individuals: cognitive and behavioral construction competencies, encoding strategies and personal constructs, behavior-outcome and stimulus-outcome expectancies, subjective stimulus values, and self-regulatory systems and plans. The specific interactions between these person variables and psychological situations are analyzed within the framework of a cognitive social learning approach.
Evaluation of information literacy status among medical students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The information literacy status and the use of information technology among students in the globalization age of course plans are very momentous. This study aimed to evaluate the information literacy status and use of information technology among medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional method. The study population consisted of all medical students (physiopathology, externship and internship) studying at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sample size (n=310) was selected by systematic random sampling. The tool of data gathering was LASSI questionnaire (assigned by America research association) with 48 closed items in five-point LIKERT scale. The questionnaire included two distinct parts of demographic questions and the information literacy skills based on the standards of information literacy capacities for academic education. The content validity was acquired by professors’ and experts’ comments. The reliability was also calculated by Cronbach’salpha (0.85). Data were analyzed in both descriptive (frequency- mean) and analytical level (t-test, analysis of variance) using SPSS 14 software. Results: 60.3% of the participants were females, and the remaining (29.7%) were males. The mean score of information literacy and its five subgroups among the students weren’t at a desirable level. The mean scores of information literacy for educational grades from the highest to lowest belonged to the internship, physiopathology and externship. The results showed that the highest average was related to the effective access ability to information among interns (9.27±3.57) and the lowest one was related to the ability of understanding legal and economical cases related with using information among externs (3.11±1.32). The results of ANOVA showed that there wasn’t a significant difference between educational grades and information literacy. Finally, the result of independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the two genders in information literacy. Conclusion: Regarding the importance of information literacy for medical students and undesirable status of information literacy among students, the current educational plans will need to be revised.
Whiter than white collar crime: tax, fraud insurance and the management of stigma

Base sur une etude empirique de la fraude et l'evasion fiscale, cet article explore les frontieres existant entre activites legales et illegales et montre comment ces memes frontieres sont manipulees pour assurer aux personnes imposables qu'elles peuvent essayer d'eviter de payer tout en restant dans le domaine de la legalite. L'A. decrit des techniques de « declarations qui ne declarent rien » et de « fraude en toute securite », pour montrer comment le procede de l'etiquetage peut etre gere. Il conclut que la theorie de l'etiquetage devrait prendre en compte les possibilites qui existent pour se proteger et lever tout indice compromettant ce qui suggere de repenser le debat classique sur la definition du crime des cols blancs
Surgical Preference in Anterior Cervical Discectomy: A National Survey of Canadian Spine Surgeons

Despite recent advances in implant design and surgical technique, the optimal approach for cervical disc disease remains unresolved. The choice of surgical approach (anterior or posterior), the decision to fuse, the choice of graft material, and the decision to augment fusions with plate fixation have been widely reported (1–23). The choice of surgical technique has been challenged in a number of randomized trials (9,19,23,24). Moreover, such trials comparing various treatment alternatives for single-level cervical disc disease have reported conflicting results and have been limited by small sample sizes and short followup periods. Given the variety of studies that have been published on cervical disc disease, it is essential to focus research funding toward large trials that reflect the current controversy among spine surgeons. Therefore, we conducted a national survey of Canadian spine surgeons (orthopedic and neurosurgeons) to examine their surgical preferences for anterior cervical discectomy (ACD). The survey questions were grouped into five domains: 1) surgeon’s background, 2) single-level versus two-level disease, 3) graft type used, 4) procedure used, and 5) postoperative care. The 1-page questionnaire was formatted as a series of nominal scales and was pretested for clarity and comprehensiveness. The questions regarding the surgeons’ background included whether the responder was an orthopedic surgeon or a neurosurgeon, the number of years since graduation from his/her residency program, if a spine fellowship was completed, and what percentage of their elective practice consisted of spine surgery. The next set of questions was designed to determine whether discectomy alone, discectomy and fusion, or discectomy, fusion, and plating were preferred in singleand two-level disc disease. For two-level disease, a corpectomy was also an option. The remaining questions addressed what types of bone graft were routinely used, whether the Cloward or Smith-Robinson procedure was used, and if a cervical collar was prescribed postoperatively. Surveys were faxed to each surgeon. Our choice of fax was based on high response rates achieved with this method (13). The spine surgeons were identified through the Canadian Association for Disorders of the Spine, Canadian Orthopedic Association, and the Canadian Neurosurgical Society. We conducted a 1 in 5 random sample from the list of surgeons obtained from the list of approximately 228 surgeons (both neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons). Differences in response rates between orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons were evaluated with the phi coefficient. Relationships between categorical variables were assessed with the phi coefficient. The test of association was the 2 test.
Systematic procedural error as a result of interaction between working memory demand and task structure

Despite the presence of correct knowledge, people seem to systematically make errors on tasks that share a particular structure, that of having some steps left to complete after the main goal has been fulfilled. An example of this kind of error would be leaving one’s gas cap after filling up. Such errors are termed post-completion errors. Though little empirical or theoretical work has been done on this particular phenomenon, a synthesis of ideas from various sources suggests that such errors are a result of an interaction between post-completion goal structure and working memory limitations. In particular, people should be prone to making post-completion errors when working memory load is high. Preliminary research provided some support for this claim, so in further investigation a computational model of a complex task was constructed using CAPS (Just & Carpenter, 1992). The model does, in fact, make post-completion errors when the working memory activation allowed to the system is reduced. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the claims of the model, and results from the experiment are consistent with the CAPS simulation. Implications for the design of both human-machine systems and cognitive models are discussed.
Cognitive and Emotional Differences between Short- and Long-Term Vipassana Meditators

This study compared perceived stress and cognitive and emotional differences between two groups of Buddhist mindfulness meditators. Nineteen beginning and twenty-four advanced meditators carried electronic pagers for five days and responded to daily random signals by completing an Experience Sampling form (ESF) containing items related to the dependent variables. As compared with beginners, advanced practitioners reported greater self-awareness, positive mood, and acceptance. Greater stress lowered mood and self-acceptance in both groups, but the deleterious effect of stress on acceptance was more marked for the beginners. These findings validate in a naturalistic setting some of the effects described in traditional Buddhist texts on mindfulness.
Towards the improvement of postural stability through audio bio-feedback

We describe a bio-feedback system for rehabilitation based on an accelerometric sensor, a processing unit and an output unit. The sensory unit, which incorporates a cell with three uni-axial accelerometers and three rate gyroscopes, is mounted on the subject's back (L5 level) using a velcro belt and allows to evaluate the trunk accelerations in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. The processing unit is composed by a laptop with Arduino board, able to acquire in real time data coming from sensory unit through the data acquisition module of Max/MSP, and to produce an audio output. The output unit is a pair of headphones which produce a kind of sound whose activation level is proportional to the magnitude of patient's displacement. A set of experiments have been carried out in order to measure the performance of this system, and results show that it can significantly improve rehabilitation times.
Development and validation of a simple NAFLD clinical scoring system for identifying patients without advanced disease

Background: Clinical predictors of advanced non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) are needed to guide diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Methods: To better understand the demographics of NAFLD and risk factors for advanced disease, this study analysed 827 patients with NAFLD at two geographically separate tertiary medical centres. Results: The cohort was 51% female and had a median body mass index (BMI) of 33 kg/m2; 3% had a normal BMI. Common co-morbidities included hypertension (60%) and diabetes (35%); insulin resistance was present in 91% and advanced fibrosis in 24% of patients. When comparing patients with no fibrosis or mild fibrosis to those with advanced fibrosis, BMI ⩾28 kg/m2, age >50 years, and aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio ⩾0.8, a quantitative assessment check index (QUICKI) score <0.294 (equivalent to homeostatasis model assessment (HOMA) >6.2) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) were individually associated by univariate analysis with odds ratios (ORs) of ⩾2.4 for advanced fibrosis. Based on the results of forced entry logistic regression analysis, three variables were combined in a weighted sum (BMI ⩾28 = 1 point, AAR of ⩾0.8 = 2 points, DM = 1 point) to form an easily calculated composite score for predicting advanced fibrosis called the BARD score. A score of 2–4 was associated with an OR for advanced fibrosis of 17 (confidence interval 9.2 to 31.9) and a negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusions: Insulin resistance and its co-morbidities are often present in patients with NAFLD. An easily calculated score based on readily available clinical data can reliably exclude the presence of advanced fibrosis in these patients, particularly among non-diabetics.
Elevated systemic neutrophil count in diabetic retinopathy and diabetes: a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 30,793 Korean subjects.

PURPOSE To evaluate the association between systemic parameters including inflammatory markers and diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 30,793 persons who visited a health care center for a medical checkup. Diabetic patients were classified into five DR groups: no DR; mild, moderate, or severe nonproliferative DR, and proliferative DR. A full laboratory workup and comprehensive medical data on the subjects were obtained and used for analysis. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the participants was 47.4 (11.9) years (range, 18-90) and the male-to-female ratio was 55.7:44.3. The prevalence of diabetes and DR were 6.6% (2,020/30,793) and 5.3% (108/2,020), respectively. Among inflammatory markers, the mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC; per microliter) was significantly higher in the DR than in the non-DR group (3900 vs. 3566; P = 0.0143) and in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (3583 vs. 3262; P < 0.0001). Subjects in the fourth quintiles of ANC showed 2.7 odds of having DR by multivariate analysis, and there was a linear trend in the odds ratios according to increasing ANC levels. The level of ANC and the ANC/leukocyte ratio also demonstrated a linearly increasing trend with the severity of DR, even after adjustment for other clinical factors, including HbA1c. Among significant risk factors of DR, ANC showed the second strongest predictive power for DR (AUROC = 0.590) after HbA1C (0.624). CONCLUSIONS Elevated systemic neutrophil count is associated with the presence and severity of DR as well as diabetes. This result indicates that systemic subclinical inflammation is related with DR, and neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR.
BMP7 dose‐dependently stimulates proliferation and cadherin‐11 expression via ERK and p38 in a murine metanephric mesenchymal cell line

BMP7 is expressed in ureteric buds and cap mesenchyme of the fetal kidney, mediating branching morphogenesis and survival and priming of metanephric mesenchyme. Although dose‐dependent effects of BMP7 in collecting duct cells have been reported, studies in metanephric mesenchymal cells are lacking. We examined the effects of BMP7 on MAP kinase activation, proliferation, and expression of cadherins in a metanephric mesenchymal cell line MS7 by thymidine incorporation, immunoblot analysis, and quantitative real‐time PCR. The levels of phosphorylated ERK (P‐ERK) and phosphorylated p38 (P‐p38) were not altered at 10 min, 1 h, and 6 h with low‐dose BMP7 (0.25 nmol/L), but were increased at 24 h. At 24 h, P‐ERK was increased with low‐dose BMP7, but not by intermediate‐ (1 nmol/L) or high‐dose (10 nmol/L) BMP7, whereas p38 was activated by intermediate‐dose BMP7. Cell proliferation of MS7 was significantly increased by low‐ and intermediate‐dose BMP7 and decreased by high‐dose BMP7. A p38 inhibitor SB203580 5 μmol/L or a MEK inhibitor PD98059 5 μmol/L abolished BMP7‐stimulated proliferation. Expression of cadherin‐11, an adhesion molecule known to promote cell migration and compaction, was upregulated by intermediate‐dose BMP7. BMP7‐induced cadherin‐11 expression was inhibited by cotreatment with SB203580 and PD98059. Finally, in metanephroi cultured with siRNA for cadherin‐11, the number and thickness of cap mesenchyme were reduced. In conclusion, BMP7 exerts differential effects depending on the concentration; it may expand mesenchymal cells in the stroma where BMP7 concentration is low and may upregulate cadherin‐11 promoting condensation around the tip of ureteric buds.
Physiologic jaundice: the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin.

Abstract To evaluate the role of the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin in "physiologic" hyperbilirubinemia, nine full-term infants delivered by cesarean section were given a formula supplemented with agar for the first five days of life starting at the 20th hour. Agar stabilizes bilirubin in aqueous solution and prevents its bacterial conversion. Ten infants were given the same formula without agar. No rise in the serum bilirubin concentration occurred after the 13th hour of life in the agar-fed infants. More bilirubin was excreted in the feces within the first five days in infants fed formula with agar, and these infants also lost less weight than the controls. By the sixth day, total fecal bilirubin excretion from birth was similar in both groups. These results suggest that the reabsorption of bilirubin from the intestine can be a major cause of neonatal physiologic jaundice.
The contribution of inhibitory interneurons to circuit dysfunction in Fragile X Syndrome

Many neurological disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders, report hypersynchrony of neuronal networks. These alterations in neuronal synchronization suggest a link to the function of inhibitory interneurons. In Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), it has been reported that altered synchronization may underlie hyperexcitability, cognitive dysfunction and provide a link to the increased incidence of epileptic seizures. Therefore, understanding the roles of inhibitory interneurons and how they control neuronal networks is of great importance in studying neurodevelopmental disorders such as FXS. Here, we present a review of how interneuron populations and inhibition are important contributors to the loss of excitatory/inhibitory balance seen in hypersynchronous and hyperexcitable networks from neurodevelopmental disorders, and specifically in FXS.
Synchronizability is Enhanced in Homogeneous Small-world Networks

Using a rewiring-edge method without changing the degree distribution of a network, we propose a weighted homogeneous small-world (HOSW) network model in which all nodes have the same degree. It is found that with the increase of the rewiring probability, which is defined as the ratio of the number of rewiring edges to the total edges in the network, both the average clustering and average path length decrease, however, the network synchronizability is enhanced. Contrary to the result that the synchronizability of NW small-world network is enhanced with the increase of the network size [6], we find that for the same value of rewiring probability, the synchronizability of HOSW network is weakened with the increase of network size.
The Implications of Relational Activity Motivations for Relationship Well-Being and Daily Relational Functioning in Marriage

People experience autonomy when they perceive their behaviour to be volitional and they feel controlled when their behaviour is driven by external demands or internal pressures. Gaine and La Guardia (2009) developed the Motivations for Relational Activities (MRA) scale to assess the extent to which romantic partners feel autonomous and controlled in a variety of specific relational activities. In a sample of mostly non-married individuals, Gaine and La Guardia (2009) found that the more willing and the less pressured individuals feel to engage in relational activities, the greater their relationship well-being. Study 1 examined whether autonomous and controlled activity motivations have similar implications for relationship well-being for married individuals. Results replicated the results from the non-married sample (Gaine & La Guardia, 2009). Study 2 assessed the relational activity motivation of both partners in married and common-law relationships and examined how one’s own motives relate to one’s own relationship well-being and one’s partner’s relationship well-being. Results suggested that one’s own motivations toward relational activities predict one’s own relationship well-being but not one’s partner’s well-being, with the exception of men’s relationship satisfaction, which was positively predicted by women’s autonomous activity motivation. Study 2 also employed daily diaries to examine the implications of each partner’s activity motivations for partners’ daily relational functioning and well-being. Results showed that when individuals are more willing and less pressured to engage in relational activities, they experience greater daily relationship well-being. Further, when individuals are more willing and less pressured in their relational activities, they are observed by their partner to be more engaged and responsive on a day-to-day basis. Finally, women’s willing engagement of relational activities emerged as a particularly important predictor of their own as well as men’s relational functioning and wellness.
Sex-specific variation in the emphasis, inducibility and timing of the post-mating immune response in Drosophila melanogaster

Ecological immunology attempts to explain variation in immune function. Much of this work makes predictions about how potential hosts should invest in overall immunity. However, this ‘overall’ perspective under-emphasizes other critical aspects, such as the specificity, inducibility and timing of an immune response. Here, we investigate these aspects by examining gene regulation across several immune system components in both male and female Drosophila melanogaster prior to and after mating. To elucidate potentially important temporal dynamics, we also assayed several genes over time. We found that males and females emphasized different components of their immune system, however overall investment was similar. Specifically, the sexes emphasized different gene paralogues within major gene families, and males tended to invest more in gram-negative defence. By contrast, the inducibility of the immune response was both transient (lasting approx. 24 hours) and equal between the sexes. Furthermore, mating tended to induce humoral gene upregulation, while cell-mediated genes were unaffected. Within the humoral system, gram-negative bacterial defence genes exhibited a greater inducibility than those associated with fungal or gram-positive bacterial defence. Our results suggest that variation in the effectiveness of the immune response between the sexes may be driven by differences in emphasis rather than overall investment.