Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sensorimotor Signature of the Transition to Conscious Social Perception: Co-regulation of Active and Passive Touch

It is not yet well understood how we become conscious of the presence of other people as being other subjects in their own right. Developmental and phenomenological approaches are converging on a relational hypothesis: my perception of a “you” is primarily constituted by another subject’s attention being directed toward “me. ” This is particularly the case when my body is being physically explored in an intentional manner. We set out to characterize the sensorimotor signature of the transition to being aware of the other by re-analyzing time series of embodied interactions between pairs of adults (recorded during a “perceptual crossing” experiment). Measures of turn-taking and movement synchrony were used to quantify social coordination, and transfer entropy was used to quantify direction of influence. We found that the transition leading to one’s conscious perception of the other’s presence was indeed characterized by a significant increase in one’s passive reception of the other’s tactile stimulations. Unexpectedly, one’s clear experience of such passive touch was consistently followed by a switch to active touching of the other, while the other correspondingly became more passive, which suggests that this intersubjective experience was reciprocally co-regulated by both participants.
The two pathways SEL 1 L , the homologue of yeast Hrd 3 p , is involved in protein dislocation from the mammalian ER

Quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins involves recognition of misfolded proteins in the ER, where they are either returned to a productive folding pathway or are targeted for degradation (Ellgaard and Helenius, 2003). Terminally misfolded glycoproteins are transferred to the cytoplasm for proteasomal proteolysis, a process termed dislocation (Wiertz et al., 1996a,b). How the cell distinguishes between newly synthesized proteins that have not yet acquired their correct folding state and proteins that are terminally misfolded remains a mystery. In yeast, genetic analysis has shown the involvement of a limited set of proteins that contribute to recognition of misfolded proteins and their subsequent degradation. The secretory protein carboxypeptidase Y (CPY), when engineered to yield a misfolded product, CPY*, has served as a substrate to identify the genetic factors that interfere with its disposal. Der1p was identifi ed as a key player in clearing the yeast ER of misfolded CPY* (Knop et al., 1996; Hill and Cooper, 2000; Walter et al., 2001; Haynes et al., 2002). HMG-CoA reductase, which is a transmembrane protein, has similarly served as a reporter substrate, allowing Hampton et al. (1996) to defi ne HRD1 and HRD3 as essential for its degradation (Gardner et al., 2000, 2001). Hrd1p/Der3p has ubiquitin ligase activity (E3) and forms a complex predominantly with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) Ubc7p and Ubc1p (Bays et al., 2001a), which are themselves recruited by the protein Cue1p (Biederer et al., 1997) to the site of degradation. Hrd3p is required for regulating the activity and stability of Hrd1p/Der3p (Plemper et al., 1999), but the function of Hrd3p in protein degradation remains obscure. Hrd3p has a large luminal domain that contains different sets of repeated regions that might be involved in substrate recognition or form complexes with chaperones. Apart from the Ring-H2 ligase Hrd1p/Der3p, there are additional ER membrane–resident E3s, such as Doa10p (Swanson et al., 2001). Depending on the topology of the ER degradation substrates, different proteins are required for their clearance (Ahner and Brodsky, 2004). Substrates with defects in their cytosolic domain require Doa10p in yeast. Substrates with defects in their luminal portion require the ER lectin Htm1p/Mnl1p, the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p/Der3p-Hrd3p, Der1p, and proteins involved in ER–Golgi traffi cking (Vashist and Ng, 2004). The two pathways SEL1L, the homologue of yeast Hrd3p, is involved in protein dislocation from the mammalian ER
ORBITZ, ONLINE TRAVEL AGENTS AND MARKET STRUCTURE CHANGES IN THE PRESENCE OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN MARKET TRANSPARENCY

Air travel distribution has been transformed by Internet technology because of an increase in market transparency, the level of availability and accessibility of product and price information. This article attempts to explain and interpret changes in the market for online travel with the market entry of air carrier consortium-owned Orbitz, a second generation online travel agency (OTA) that significantly changed the competitive dynamics around market transparency. Our interpretation of the developments is based on market microstructure theory, and more recent work that relates market transparency to firm pricing strategies and consumer demand. Our interpretation is developed in three stages. First, we explore market transparency-related developments in first generation online travel since the mid-1990s in the United States. Second, we analyze Orbitz’s market transparency strategy and its impacts on the industry, leading to the emergence of new consumer expectations in the Internet channel. Third, we assess other related changes in the industry that have emerged that further suggest the broad impacts of Orbitz’s strategy, including recent changes in the highly pricesensitive leisure travel segment of the OTA market. Overall, our findings suggest that market transparency changes will continue to drive additional changes in the OTA sector.
The Coupling of Gravity Waves and Turbulence at White Sands, New Mexico, from VHF Radar Observations

Abstract Doppler spectra taken with the VHF Doppler radar at White Sands Missile Range are used to describe the winds and turbulence for 10 days in MarchApril 1991. The large power aperture product of this radar provides excellent data coverage in 150-m layers over the entire height range used, about 520 km. The results show that gravity-wave activity and small-scale turbulence are significantly enhanced at all levels during times when wind speeds in the troposphere, near 5.6 km (about 500 hPa), are strong. Largest enhancements are found in the lower stratosphere, near 1618 km, where the mean log C2N is increased by over 10 dB during times of strong winds at low levels. Mean winds, wind shears, and static stability in the lower stratosphere were found to be nearly the same, regardless of wind speeds at low levels. The authors conclude that the enhanced turbulence is due to an effect not described by the local background wind and static stability, and suggest that this effect is upward-propagating gravi.
High COPD prevalence in patients with liver disease.

OBJECTIVE Comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been recognized as an important issue in COPD management. We have reported that patients with liver diseases show a higher prevalence of COPD, but the number of patients with liver diseases was small and the details of liver diseases were not clearly investigated. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of COPD in patients with liver diseases by recruiting a large number of patients, and also investigated was the effect of hepatitis virus infection on COPD prevalence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Six hundred sixty-six patients were recruited from 9 primary care clinics and three hospitals. All of these patients were aged 40 years or older with chronic diseases and had not been diagnosed as having respiratory diseases. A spirometry was performed without administration of an inhaled bronchodilator. Airflow limitation was defined as FEV1/FVC<70%. Underlying diseases were diagnosed by doctors of the clinics or the hospitals. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-six patients had liver diseases, and 410 did not. Of 410 patients without liver diseases, 37 patients (9.0%) were diagnosed as COPD, and of 256 patients with liver diseases, 35 patients (13.8%) were COPD. When the prevalence was analyzed according to smoking, age and gender, liver diseases showed a significantly high odds ratio (2.10, 95%CI 1.23-3.57, p=0.006), but hepatitis virus infection showed a non-significant tendency toward a high odds ratio. CONCLUSION The patients with liver diseases had a significantly high prevalence of COPD. The presence of liver disease might become a useful predictor for the early detection of COPD.
Lipoprotein apheresis in the management of severe hypercholesterolemia and of elevation of lipoprotein(a): current perspectives and patient selection

This review reports the current situation with respect to therapeutic options (lifestyle and drugs) reducing the concentrations of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]). Three lipoprotein apheresis (LA) principles have been realized: precipitation, filtration, and adsorption. Available LA methods are herein described in detail – major components, pumps, extracorporeal volume, treated volume, and anticoagulation. General features of all LA methods as well as pleotropic effects are elaborated. Indications for LA therapy are quoted: homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HCH), severe HCH, and isolated elevation of Lp(a) and progress of atherosclerotic disease. A major focus is on the evidence of the effect of LA on cardiovascular outcome data, and the most important publications are cited in this context. The best studies have been performed in patients with elevated Lp(a) in whom cardiovascular events were reduced by more than 80%. Major adverse effects and contraindications are listed. The impact of an LA therapy on patient quality of life and the requirements they have to fulfill are also highlighted. Finally, the future role of LA in treating high-risk patients with high LDL-C and/or high Lp(a) is discussed. It is probable that the significance of LA for treating patients with elevated LDL-C will decrease (with the exception of homozygous familial HCH) due to the application of PCSK9 inhibitors. The antisense oligonucleotide against apolipoprotein(a) could replace LA in patients with high Lp(a), provided positive outcome data are generated.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Generated with Tofacitinib Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Modulation of Th17/Treg Balance

It is well known that dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in triggering self-specific responses. Conversely, tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs), a specialized subset, induce tolerance and negatively regulate autoreactive responses. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor developed by Pfizer for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is probable to be a promising candidate for inducing tolDCs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of tolDCs induced by tofacitinib in a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein- (MOG-) specific experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and to investigate their effects on Th17/Treg balance in the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our results revealed that tofacitinib-treated DCs maintained a steady semimature phenotype with a low level of proinflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules. DCs treated by tofacitinib also induced antigen-specific T cells hyporesponsiveness in a concentration-dependent manner. Upon intravenous injection into EAE mice, MOG pulsed tolDCs significantly dampened disease activity, and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) disturbed Th17/Treg balance with a remarkable decrease of Th1/Th17 cells and an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Overall, DCs modified by tofacitinib exhibited a typical tolerogenic phenotype, and the antigen-specific tolDCs may represent a new avenue of research for the development of future clinical treatments for MS.
Design and Implementation of a Pipelined Datapath for High-Speed Face Detection Using FPGA

This paper presents design and implementation of a pipelined datapath for real-time face detection using cascades of boosted classifiers. We propose following methods: symmetric image downscaling, classifier sharing, and cascade merging, to achieve the desired processing speed and area efficiency. First, an image pyramid with 16 levels is generated from the input image to simultaneously detect faces with different scales. The downscaled images are then transferred to the first stage of the cascade that is shared between the corresponding image pairs based on the pixel validity of the symmetric image pyramid. The last method exploits the different hit ratios of the cascade stages. We use a tree-structured cascade of classifiers since most of the nonface elements are eliminated during the early stages of the classifier. The use of a synthesis tool confirms that the proposed design reduces resource utilization by one-eighth without accuracy loss, compared to the fully parallelized implementation of the same algorithm. We implemented the proposed hardware architecture on a Xilinx Virtex-5 LX330 FPGA. The indicative throughput is 307 frames/s irrespective of the number of faces in the scene for standard VGA (640 × 480) images with an operating frequency of 125.59 MHz. We may ensure that face detection results are generated at each clock cycle after the initial pipeline delay, using this fully pipelined datapath for tree-structured cascade classifiers.
Load balancing and skew resilience for parallel joins

We address the problem of load balancing for parallel joins.We show that the distribution of input data received and the output data produced by worker machines are both important for performance. As a result, previous work, which optimizes either for input or output, stands ineffective for load balancing. To that end, we propose a multi-stage load-balancing algorithm which considers the properties of both input and output data through sampling of the original join matrix. To do this efficiently, we propose a novel category of equi-weight histograms. To build them, we exploit state-of-the-art computational geometry algorithms for rectangle tiling. To our knowledge, we are the first to employ tiling algorithms for join load-balancing. In addition, we propose a novel, join-specialized tiling algorithm that has drastically lower time and space complexity than existing algorithms. Experiments show that our scheme outperforms state-of-the-art techniques by up to a factor of 15.
Zonisamide Efficacy as Adjunctive Therapy in Children With Refractory Epilepsy

Objective Approximately one third of epileptic children do not achieve complete seizure improvement. Zonisamide is a new antiepileptic drug which is effective as adjunctive therapy in treatment of intractable partial seizures. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of Zonisamide in epileptic children. Materials & Methods From November 2011 until October 2012, 68 children who referred to Children’s Medical Center and Mofid Children Hospital due to refractory epilepsy (failure of seizure control with the use of two or more anticonvulsant drugs) entered the study. The patients were treated with Zonisamide by dose of 2- 12 mg/kg daily in addition to the previous medication. We followed the children every three to four-weeks intervals based on daily frequency, severity and duration of seizures. During the follow-up equal and more than fifty percent reduction in seizure frequency or severity known as response to the drug. Results In this study 68 patients were examined that 61 children reached the last stage.35 (57.4%) were male and 26 (42.6%) patients were female. After first and six months of Zonisamide administration daily seizure frequency decreased to 2.95±3.54 and 3.73±3.5 respectively. There was significant difference between seizure frequency in first and six month after Zonisamide toward initial attacks. After six months ZNS therapy a little side effects were created in 10 patients (16.4%) including stuttering(4.9%), decreased appetite (4.9%), hallucination (1.6%), dizziness(1.6%), blurred vision(1.6%) and suspiring(1.6%) as all of them eliminated later dosage reduction. Conclusion This study conﬁrms the short term efﬁcacy and safety of Zonisamide in children with refractory epilepsies.
Location‐dependent generalization of road networks based on equivalent destinations

Suppose a user located at a certain vertex in a road network wants to plan a route using a wayfinding map. The user's exact destination may be irrelevant for planning most of the route, because many destinations will be equivalent in the sense that they allow the user to choose almost the same paths. We propose a method to find such groups of destinations automatically and to contract the resulting clusters in a detailed map to achieve a simplified visualization. We model the problem as a clustering problem in rooted, edge‐weighted trees. Two vertices are allowed to be in the same cluster if and only if they share at least a given fraction of their path to the root. We analyze some properties of these clusterings and give a linear‐time algorithm to compute the minimum‐cardinality clustering. This algorithm may have various other applications in network visualization and graph drawing, but in this paper we apply it specifically to focus‐and‐context map generalization. When contracting shortest‐path trees in a geographic network, the computed clustering additionally provides a constant‐factor bound on the detour that results from routing using the generalized network instead of the full network. This is a desirable property for wayfinding maps.
Epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) in development, cardiac disease and repair of ischemia

• Development of the epicardium • Epithelial–mesenchymal transition into EPDCs • Derivatives of EPDCs • Potential role of EPDCs in cardiomyopathy and valve disease • Potential of EPDCs as adult stem cells • Reactivation of endogenous epicardium after ischemia
Levels of urgency and attitudes toward group experiences

The freshman experience typically requires a profusion of challenging adjustments relating to a new and demanding college environment. One significant force of attrition is transition or adjustment difficulties for freshmen. Successfully influencing freshmen includes efforts that focus on helping students make an academic, personal, and social adjustment to college. Group work provides opportunities for patterns of interaction (Evans, Forney, & Guido-DiBrito, 1998; Tinto, 2005; Upcraft, Gardner, & Associates, 1989). It is believed that there is intensity in temporary group environments due to a need for individuals to quickly evaluate and adjust to other members, with speed and accomplishment as driving factors (Huff, Cooper, & Jones, 2002; Meyerson, Weick, and Kramer, 1996). Individuals with low levels of urgency, however, prefer taking a slow and methodical approach when adjusting to unfamiliar people and new environments (Praendex Corporation, 1999). The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between and among personality factors relative to levels of urgency and student attitudes toward group experiences. The research question was: What are the differences between and among personality factors relative to levels of urgency and freshman attitudes toward group experiences? This study took place with hospitality students at a midsize, private university in the Northeast. This quantitative, descriptive study employed two instruments: one measured student attitudes toward group experiences; the second measured personality factors utilizing the Predictive Index. Descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency, measures of variability, and frequency counts were run and t-tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in attitudes toward group experiences based on personality factors. Freshman students (n=98) with low levels of urgency reported significantly less positive attitudes about trustworthy attributes in others (M=2.99, t=-3.21, p=.01, d=.65) than those without the factor (M=3.50); significantly less positive attitudes about benefits of groups (M=3.75, t=-1.97, p=.05, d=.40) than those without the factor (M=3.99); and significantly less positive attitudes about valuing other students (M=3.34, t=-2.37, p=.01, d=.47) than those without the factor (M = 3.70). This study provided an institution with proposed practices designed to influence freshman group experiences positively based on findings about student attitudes when taking into account personality relative to low levels of urgency. Recommendations include adjusting group experiences, by means of, inserting practices to address issues with temporary groups, and assigning freshmen to consistent groups during the crucial freshman adjustment period.
Symposium Summary

Within the past year, the Soviet Union and other countries in Eastern Europe have begun a radical transformation from centrally planned to market-oriented economies. As part of this process, these countries have initiated comprehensive economic reforms, including the development of new financial markets and institutions and the creation of independent central banks. and Romania exchanged views with Western experts on the role of central banks during and after the transition to market-oriented economies. This introduction highlights the issues raised at the symposium. The first section provides an overview of the challenges facing policymakers in the newly liberalized economies and identifies the main issues discussed at the conference. The following four sections summarize the viewpoints of the program participants and their policy recommendations. Overview The purpose of the Bank's symposium was to open a dialogue between policymakers in the East and West. As part of the exchange of information and ideas, policymakers in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe described economic and financial reforms currently under way in their countries and identified problems to be overcome. In response, Western experts discussed the role of central banks in market-oriented economies and suggested possible solutions to these problems. Challenges in emerging market-oriented economies Policymakers in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have a common goal-to transform their economies from a system in which resources are allocated by central planning to a system in which resources are allocated by prices established in competitive markets. Reaching this goal will require considerable institutional changes. Legal systems will have to be altered to establish individual property rights, state ownership of resources will have to be transformed into private ownership, and accounting systems will have to be introduced to accurately determine the financial status of business. Most important, households and firms will have to adapt to a world in which they gain the economic freedom to choose but lose the protection of the state against job loss and bankruptcy. A key element of the reform process in each of these countries is the development of financial markets and institutions. Under central planning, commercial banks and other private financial intermediaries played no role in the allocation of savings and investment. Moreover, the state or central bank served only to channel funds to state-owned enterprises according to the central plan and to finance state deficits by printing money. Currently the Soviet Union and countries of Eastern Europe are in the …