Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Respiratory Disease in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Changes in Perinatal Care and Outcomes in a Decade in Spain

Background: Advances in perinatal care have led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Much of this progress is related to the prevention and management of respiratory disease. Objectives: To evaluate changes in perinatal care and its influence on respiratory morbidity and mortality among VLBW infants in Spain in 2 consecutive periods (2002-2006 and 2007-2011). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected of all VLBW infants included in the Spanish SEN1500 network. Patients with major congenital anomalies, those who died in the delivery room (DR) and infants <230 or >346 weeks of gestational age (GA) were excluded. Results: During the study period, out of 27,205 eligible VLBW infants, 24,598 (90.4%) met inclusion criteria. The most striking and statistically significant results found in the second period were: (i) reduction in the proportion of “outborn” patients; (ii) an increase in prenatal steroid administration; (iii) enhanced non-invasive respiratory support in the DR and NICU; (iv) reduction in invasive mechanical ventilation, surfactant administration, and steroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Moreover, survival to hospital discharge increased (83.5 vs. 84.7%; p = 0.015); however, survival without BPD increased only among the most immature (230 to 266 weeks' GA) from 26.6 to 31.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Enhanced adherence to international recommendations in perinatal care and a significant reduction in mortality were found during the second period. Survival without BPD increased only among the most immature. Further investigation is needed to optimize the strategies to prevent and manage respiratory disease in this group of patients.
Terahertz Imaging of Binary Reflectance with Variational Bayesian Inference

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian inference approach to extract the binary reflectance pattern of samples from compressed measurements in the terahertz (THz) frequency band. Compared with existing compressed THz imaging methods relying on the sparsity of the reflectance pattern, the proposed Bayesian approach exploits the non-negative binary nature of the reflectance without any assumption on its spatial pattern information and enables a pixel-wise iterative inference approach for fast signal recovery. Numerical evaluation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL DURING THE INPATIENT ADMITTANCE IN THE EMERGENCY CARE DEPARTMENT

Objective: To study the drug utilization pattern in a tertiary care hospital during the inpatient admittance in the emergency care department. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of one month, where the medical records of 138 hospitalized patients were reviewed for analyzing the prescription pattern during an average stay of 6 hours at the hospital. Results: A total of 360 drugs were used in 138 prescriptions, with an average of 2.60 (± 1.41) drugs per prescription. There was a potency of drug-drug interactions in 24 cases. Male gender was more predominately admitted when compared to the female gender. The most common route of administration of drugs was found to be intravenous injection (42.2percent). Generic drug usage (27percent) was found to be low when compared to brand drug usage (73percent). Of all the drugs prescribed 88.8percent of the drugs abided to the WHO essential drugs list. Conclusion: The prescription pattern of drugs showed polypharmacy as a concern with possibilities of drug-drug interactions in some of the cases which can be avoided. Keywords: Prescription, Emergency care, Polypharmacy, Drug Interactions, Clinical Pharmacist.
Infections in the operated spine : Update on risk management and therapeutic strategies

a Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 47, boulevard de l’hôpital, 75013 Paris cedex, France b Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 100, boulevard du Général-Leclerc, 92118 Clichy cedex, France c Laboratoire de bactériologie, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 91, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634 Paris cedex 13, France d Service de médecine interne, maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre de vaccinations internationales et de médecine des voyages, 35, rue du Tonkin, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
Global wetland contribution to 2000–2012 atmospheric methane growth rate dynamics

Increasing atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have contributed to approximately 20% of anthropogenic climate change. Despite the importance of CH4 as a greenhouse gas, its atmospheric growth rate and dynamics over the past two decades, which include a stabilization period (1999–2006), followed by renewed growth starting in 2007, remain poorly understood. We provide an updated estimate of CH4 emissions from wetlands, the largest natural global CH4 source, for 2000–2012 using an ensemble of biogeochemical models constrained with remote sensing surface inundation and inventory-based wetland area data. Between 2000–2012, boreal wetland CH4 emissions increased by 1.2 Tg yr−1 (−0.2–3.5 Tg yr−1), tropical emissions decreased by 0.9 Tg yr−1 (−3.2−1.1 Tg yr−1), yet globally, emissions remained unchanged at 184 ± 22 Tg yr−1. Changing air temperature was responsible for increasing high-latitude emissions whereas declines in low-latitude wetland area decreased tropical emissions; both dynamics are consistent with features of predicted centennial-scale climate change impacts on wetland CH4 emissions. Despite uncertainties in wetland area mapping, our study shows that global wetland CH4 emissions have not contributed significantly to the period of renewed atmospheric CH4 growth, and is consistent with findings from studies that indicate some combination of increasing fossil fuel and agriculture-related CH4 emissions, and a decrease in the atmospheric oxidative sink.
Pathological Impairment, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Induced by Aflatoxin-Contaminated Corn in Broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of aflatoxin-contaminated corn on the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (BF) in chickens by detecting histopathological lesions, cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis. A total of 900 COBB500 male broilers were randomly allocated into five groups. The experiment lasted for six weeks and the five dietary treatments consisted of uncontaminated corn (control), 25% contaminated corn, 50% contaminated corn, 75% contaminated corn and 100% contaminated corn groups. The gross changes showed the decreased size of the thymus and BF, as well as the pale color of the BF in the broilers after aflatoxin contaminated diet exposure. There were more nuclear debris in the thymus and BF of birds in the 50%, 75%, and 100% contaminated corn groups, but the pathological impairments of the BF were more obvious than those of the thymus, which showed as more obvious lymphocyte depletion and the proliferation of reticulocytes and fibroblasts. At 21 days of age, the percentage of thymocytes and BF cells in the G2M phase was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the four AFB-contaminated corn groups. However, at 42 days of age, dietary AFB1 induced cell cycle perturbation at the G0G1 phase in thymocytes, but at the G2M phase in BF cells. The increased percentage of apoptotic cells in the thymus and BF were similarly observed in the AFB groups. According to these results, the severity of histopathological lesions may be correlated with the different sensitivity of the two central immune organs when exposed to AFB; different arrested cell cycle phases suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in the lesions of the thymus and BF, which need to be further researched.
Prevalent hepatitis B surface antigen among first-time blood donors in Gabon

Despite chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection being the main cause of younger-onset complex liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Africa, very little is known regarding the seroprevalence of HBV in the Gabonese general population. This investigation aimed to provide strong epidemiological data and risk factors associated with HBV infection in first-time blood donors representative of the urban adult population. The screening of HBsAg was carried out using 4th generation ELISA kits. The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg was 7.28%. The frequency of HBsAg was differential and marked by annual variations in blood donors from 2009 to 2016. Seroprevalence was 2-fold higher among males versus females (OR = 1.90 (95% CI: 1.75–2.06), P<0.001). HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in donors of the age group 25–35 years old compared to donors of the age group <18 years (OR = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.03–2.60), P = 0.04). The seroprevalence of HBsAg in family/replacement donors (FRD) was significantly higher than that of voluntary non-remunerated donors (VNRD) (OR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83–0.94), P <0.001). The simultaneous comparison of HBsAg seroprevalence with blood donation type, gender and age showed that the higher prevalence in FRD was significant only in males between 18 and 45 years and in females between 25 and 34 years of age. This study confirms the high endemicity of HBV in Gabon while identifying the most infected age groups for both men and women.
Centralization of Member Voice in Teams: Its Effects on Expertise Utilization and Team Performance

Voice, or the expression of work-related suggestions or opinions, can help teams access and utilize members’ privately held knowledge and skills and improve collective outcomes. However, recent research has suggested that sometimes, rather than encourage positive outcomes for teams, voice from members can have detrimental consequences. Extending this research, we highlight why it is important to consider voice centralization within teams, or the extent to which voice is predominantly emanating from only a few members rather than equally spread across all members. We argue that, under certain circumstances, voice centralization is harmful to the utilization of members’ expertise in the team and, thereby, to team performance. Specifically, we propose that voice centralization is likely to have negative effects when it occurs around members who are more socially dominant or are less reflective. We find support for our arguments in a sample of 78 teams (319 team members) working on graduate student projects in a business school over a semester. Overall, through our theory and results, we showcase why it is important for future studies to examine the distribution of voice among team members.
The role of family therapy in the management of schizophrenia: challenges and solutions

Family interventions for schizophrenia have been amply demonstrated to be effective and are recommended by most of the international clinical guidelines. However, their implementation in the clinical setting as well as in treatment protocols of patients with psychosis has not been fully achieved yet. With the increasing deinstitutionalization of patients, family has begun to assume the role of care performed by psychiatric hospitals, with a high emotional cost for caregivers as well as the recognition of burden experiences. Families have been the substitute in the face of the scarcity of therapeutic, occupational, and residential resources. For this reason, the viability of patients’ care by their families has become a challenge. This article aims to discuss the most important aspects of family interventions, their impact on families, and the most important challenges that need to be overcome in order to achieve well-being and recovery in both patients and caregivers.
and Alexia Prskawetz Family policies in the context of low fertility and social structure

OBJECTIVE In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of family policies in the context of the social structure of a population. METHODS We use an agent-based model to analyse the impact of policies on individual fertility decisions and on fertility at the aggregate level. The crucial features of our model are the interactions between family policies and social structure, the agents’ heterogeneity, and the structure and influence of the social network. This modelling framework allows us to disentangle the direct effect (the alleviation of resource constraints) from the indirect effect (the diffusion of fertility intentions via social ties) of family policies. RESULTS Our results indicate that family policies have a positive and significant impact on fertility. In addition, the specific characteristics of the social network and social effects do not only relate to fertility, but also influence the effectiveness of family policies. CONCLUSIONS Family policies can only be successful if they are designed to take into account the characteristics of the society in which they are implemented. 1 Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria. E-mail: thomas.fent@oeaw.ac.at. 2 Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria. 3 Institute of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria; Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria. Email: afp@econ.tuwien. ac.at. http://www.demographic-research.org 963 Fent, Aparicio & Prskawetz: Family policies in the context of low fertility and social structure
Guava Leaf Extract Diminishes Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress, Prevents β-Cell Death, Inhibits Inflammation, and Regulates NF-kB Signaling Pathway in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats

Traditional Chinese medication has been utilized by Chinese medical practitioners to treat the varied symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM). Notably, guava leaf has been used to treat diabetes in Asia. Our present study has been designed to analyze the action of guava leaf extract (GLE) at the molecular level in treating DM. A low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce experimental diabetes in animals. Rats were treated with GLE at different concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.). The standard drug glibenclamide (GB) (600 μg/kg b.w.) was used for comparison. The diabetic rats showed a reduced level of insulin, accompanied by exaggerated levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation product, and augmented expressions of inflammatory cytokines, and showed reduced levels of antioxidants compared to the control rats. Supplementation with GLE counteracted the consequences of STZ. It suppresses the oxidative stress and inhibits the state of inflammation and the results are almost similar to that of standard drug group (GB group 5). Our present research, therefore, provides useful data concerning guava leaf extract by a thorough assessment in diabetes management. Being a natural product, additional analysis on GLE can shed light on finding effective phytochemicals within the field of diabetes mellitus.
Design and Analysis of 10 MW Class HTS Exciting Double Stator Direct-Drive Wind Generator With Stationary Seal

The superconducting (SC) generators are expected to have a promising application for offshore wind generation due to the merits of high power density and high efficiency over the conventional generators. In this paper, a 10-MW conceptual high temperature superconducting (HTS) exciting double stator direct-drive wind generator (HTS-DSDDG) with the stationary seal is proposed and investigated. The proposed HTS-DSDDG has two spatially independent stators: to place HTS field windings and copper armature windings, respectively. Thus, it realizes the stationary seal of the cooling system and removes brushes and slip rings and the other additional excitation device; hence offering the advantages of the high reliability and the low operation & maintenance cost. The main design considerations and the initial design specifications of the 10 MW HTS-DSDDG are given in detail. Furthermore, the electromagnetic characteristics of the HTS- DSDDG under no-load, rated load, and three-phase short-circuit fault conditions are analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). Subsequently, its size, weight, and cost are compared with the existing conceptual 10 MW wind generators. The results reveal that the HTS-DSDDG has excellent electromagnetic performances, such as good sinusoidal voltage, low cogging torque, and torque ripple; besides, its output power per volume is twice than that of the permanent magnet direct-drive generator (PMDDG), being comparable to that of the existing conceptual MgB2-HTS direct-drive generators.
Non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit due to single-photon scattering in a waveguide

We investigate the open dynamics of a qubit due to scattering of a single photon in an infinite or semi-infinite waveguide. Through an exact solution of the time-dependent multi-photon scattering problem, we find the qubit's dynamical map. Tools of open quantum systems theory allow us then to show the general features of this map, find the corresponding non-Linbladian master equation, and assess in a rigorous way its non-Markovian nature. The qubit dynamics has distinctive features that, in particular, do not occur in emission processes. Two fundamental sources of non-Markovianity are present: the finite width of the photon wavepacket and the time delay for propagation between the qubit and the end of the semi-infinite waveguide.
hOGG1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Japanese

BACKGROUND The Ser326Cys polymorphism in human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), which is involved in the repair of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanine in oxidatively damaged DNA, has been associated with susceptibility to certain cancers, but has not been examined in causation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether this polymorphism was related to HCC risk with any interaction with alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Genotyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers among 209 newly diagnosed HCC cases, 275 hospital controls, and 381 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) without HCC. RESULTS Overall, the hOGG1 genotype was not significantly associated with HCC; adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for the Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes compared with the Ser/Ser genotype were 0.79 (0.35-1.79) and 0.48 (0.18-1.27) against hospital controls, and 1.51 (0.96-3.37) and 0.86 (0.50-1.47) against CLD patients. We could not detect any significant gene-alcohol interaction (p = 0.95 or 0.16) or gene-smoking interaction (p = 0.70 or 0.69). CONCLUTIONS These results suggest that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may not play a major role as an independent factor in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Lactobacillus fermentum HP3–Mediated Fermented Hericium erinaceus Juice as a Health Promoting Food Supplement to Manage Diabetes Mellitus

The current study investigated the antidiabetic property of Lactobacillus fermentum HP3–mediated fermented Hericium erinaceus juice (FHJ) using male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). FHJ was prepared using boiled mushroom juice and L. fermentum HP3. Amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of FHJ was analyzed. Streptozotocin-induced DM rats were supplemented with FHJ in a pre- and posttreatment method. The changes in plasma insulin, plasma glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), representative cytokines, and the antioxidant system were assessed in experimental rats using spectrophotometric methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The supplementation of FHJ improved the body mass, insulin level, and recovery progress of hyperglycemia. HbA1c level was altered by the FHJ intervention. The inflammatory cytokines level was suppressed in FHJ supplemented group compared with control. Intervention of FHJ and insulin improved the production of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-–β1 in DM rat. The study suggested that fermented H erinaceus juice may be used as one of the food-based health-promoting supplement to manage DM along with medication.
Text Detection in Natural Scenes using Fully Convolutional DenseNets

Text detection in natural scenes is a challenging problem many researchers have worked on in the past decade. In this paper, we present a novel approach to text detection using Fully Convolutional DenseNets. DenseNets have been very successful in object detection and recognition over the past couple of years, yet they have never been used to detect text before. To do text detection using FC-DenseNet, we train it to do semantic segmentation on the images. That is, we segment each image into 3 sections that are text, background and word-fence. Using word-fence as a segment allows for the model to learn in a way that can separate close words. We use synthetic data to train our network from scratch, then use real augmented data to do fine-tuning. Our final model achieved the Recall and Precision of 0.83 and 0.71 on ICDAR 2013 dataset, respectively.
Analysis of Various Traffic Sign Detectors Based on Deep Convolution Network

A lot of progress has been made on the object detection field, and it is difficult for researchers to decide which architecture is suitable to their specific task. The work in this paper aims to compare and analyze various detection models and then obtain an appropriate model for the traffic sign detection task. Two main components of a detection model are meta-architecture and feature extractor, and we will explain these two parts on the paper. Experiments show that the behavior of the detection model is strongly affected by the choice of architecture and feature extractor. Also, Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (R-FCN) architecture can achieve better performance than Faster Regions with Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) and Single Shot Detection Network (SSD) in traffic sign detection task.
Readmissions as a Quality Metric: Ready for Prime Time?

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal. org 821 provides nevertheless important data to keep in mind for improving the diagnostic accuracy for ARDS. The study questions the reasonability of relying on a diagnostic tool with poor performance that can hardly be improved and sheds light on the importance to identify alternative criteria or biomarkers that may even be able to reliably predict the development of ARDS (12).
A New Model for the Dynamics of Hepatitis C Infection: Derivation, Analysis and Implications

We review various existing models of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and show that there are inconsistencies between the models and known behaviour of the infection. A new model for HCV infection is proposed, based on various dynamical processes that occur during the infection that are described in the literature. This new model is analysed, and three steady state branches of solutions are found when there is no stem cell generation of hepatocytes. Unusually, the branch of infected solutions that connects the uninfected branch and the pure infection branch can be found analytically and always includes a limit point, subject to a few conditions on the parameters. When the action of stem cells is included, the bifurcation between the pure infection and infected branches unfolds, leaving a single branch of infected solutions. It is shown that this model can generate various viral load profiles that have been described in the literature, which is confirmed by fitting the model to four viral load datasets. Suggestions for possible changes in treatment are made based on the model.