Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-step targeting of xenografted colon carcinoma using a bispecific antibody and 188Re-labeled bivalent hapten: biodistribution and dosimetry studies.

UNLABELLED Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is currently being considered for the treatment of solid tumors. Although results have been encouraging for pretargeted 131I RIT with the affinity enhancement system (AES), the radionuclide used is not optimal because of its long half-life, strong gamma emission, poor specific activity, and low beta particle energy. 188Re, though unsuitable for direct antibody labeling, could be used with the AES two-step targeting technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution and dosimetry of a bivalent hapten labeled with 188Re or 125I. For dosimetry calculations and biodistribution data, 125I was substituted for 131I. METHODS After preliminary injection of a bispecific anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or antihapten antibody (Bs-mAb F6-679), AG 8.1 or AG 8.0 hapten radiolabeled with 188Re or 125I was injected into a nude mouse model grafted subcutaneously with a human colon carcinoma cell line (LS-174-T) expressing CEA. A dosimetry study was performed for each animal from the concentration of radioactivity in tumor and different tissues. RESULTS Radiolabeling of AG 8.1 with 125I afforded a 40% yield with a specific activity of 11.1 MBq/nmol after purification. Radiolabeling of AG 8.0 with 188Re afforded a 72% yield with a specific activity of 31.82 MBq/nmol. In all experiments, the percentage of tumor uptake of 125I-AG 8.1 was always significantly greater than that of 188Re-AG 8.0. The corresponding tumor-to-tissue ratios reflected uptake values. The least favorable tumor-to-normal tissue ratios in the dosimetry study were 8.1 and 8.5 for 131I (tumor-to-blood ratio and tumor-to-kidney ratio, respectively) and 2.3 for 188Re (tumor-to-intestine ratio). CONCLUSION This study indicates that 188Re can be used for radiolabeling of hapten in two-step radioimmunotherapy protocols with the AES technique. 188Re has a greater range than 131I, which should allow the treatment of solid tumors around 1 cm in diameter. Although the method used for hapten radiolabeling did not provide optimal tumor uptake, the use of a bifunctional chelating agent associated with AG 8.1 should solve this problem.
Unrelated stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple myeloma

Purpose of reviewThe role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in treatment of myeloma patients is still controversial. Meanwhile, the numbers of unrelated SCT for hematological diseases in Europe are higher than for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling transplantations, but in multiple myeloma only 39% of the allogeneic transplantations are performed from unrelated donors and only a minority were done within prospective clinical trials. Recent findingsThe few published data of unrelated SCT in multiple myeloma reported a higher treatment-related mortality for standard myeloablative conditioning in comparison to reduced-intensity conditioning. Despite the heterogeneous patient selection in the trial, lower nonrelapse mortality and improved survival can be achieved by careful donor selection (10/10 HLA-alleles, male donor). Natural killer-alloreactivity might play a role, but conclusive data are lacking. Transplantation in more advanced or refractory patients is associated with an inferior outcome. The results of an unrelated SCT seem to be comparable to those of HLA-identical siblings, but a direct comparison is lacking so far. SummaryUnrelated SCT in multiple myeloma is feasible, but prospective clinical trials using unrelated stem cell donors are urgently needed to define the role of an unrelated SCT in multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents.
Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth, carcass characteristics, redox status, and mitochondria metabolism in broilers.

The potential benefits of supplementing pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) in the diet of broiler chicks were explored. We first examined the effect of different levels of dietary PQQ·Na2 on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma biochemical parameters (trial 1). A total of 490 1-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chicks were randomly divided into 5 dietary groups supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg PQQ·Na2/kg feed. As the 0.2 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 supplement gave the best performance, we then investigated whether this level of PQQ·Na2 influenced the redox status of plasma samples and mitochondrial-related metabolism (trial 2). A total of 120 1-day-old male AA chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups supplemented with 0 or 0.2 mg PQQ·Na2/kg diet. In trial 1, birds fed a diet containing 0.2 mg PQQ·Na2/kg showed lower feed conversion ratio compared with those fed the control diet in the overall study (d 1 to 42, P=0.039). Breast muscle yield (d 42) increased quadratically in response to dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation (P=0.021). Analysis of plasma biochemical parameters revealed that feeding broiler chicks with ≤0.4 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 did not cause adverse health effects. In trial 2, birds fed 0.2 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 again showed improved feed efficiency than the control birds in the grower and overall phases (P=0.038 and 0.016, respectively). In addition, dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation resulted in a higher anti-oxidative capacity (P=0.001), lower redox potential (P=0.008), and higher hepatic citrate synthase activity (P=0.002). In contrast, no difference in hepatic mitochondrial DNA copy number was observed between the 2 experimental groups (P>0.1). These results indicate that PQQ·Na2 is a potentially effective feed additive for improving feed efficiency, stimulating breast muscle development, and maintaining redox status in broiler chicks. Enhancement of mitochondria efficiency, rather than modulating mitochondria numbers, may underlie the growth-promoting effect of PQQ·Na2.
Sub-state nationalism and the welfare state: Quebec and Canadian federalism

This article examines the relationship between sub-state nationalism and the welfare state through the case of Quebec in Canada. It argues that social policy presents mobilisation and identity-building potential for sub-state nationalism, and that nationalist movements affect the structure of welfare states. Nationalism and the welfare state revolve around the notion of solidarity. Because they often involve transfers of money between citizens, social programmes raise the issue of the specific community whose members should exhibit social and economic solidarity. From this perspective, nationalist movements are likely to seek the congruence between the 'national commu- nity' (as conceptualised by their leaders) and the 'social community' (the community where redistributive mechanisms should operate). Moreover, the political discourse of social policy lends itself well to national identity-building because it is typically underpinned by collective values and principles. Finally, pressures stemming from sub-state nationalism tend to reshape the policy agenda at both the state and the sub- state level while favouring the asymmetrical decentralisation of the welfare state. Nationalist movements in advanced industrial democracies operate in a political environment where decisions about a wide range of policy matters are taken on a regular basis. Overall, little attention has been paid to the relationship between nationalism and public policy as researchers have preferred to focus instead on the constitutional and institutional implications of claims for self-determination. To be fair, specialists of nationalism have not ignored all policy areas. There is a significant literature on nationalism and linguistic policies (McRae 1986; Laponce 2003). Education and broadcasting policies have also been studied for how they are affected by nationalist movements (Erk 2003). The interest in these particular policy areas is not surprising. After all, sub-state nationalism in Western Europe and Canada often features language as a key identity marker (for example, in Flanders, Catalonia and Quebec), which means that language, education and broad- casting policies are likely to come under nationalist pressures. There has been much less research conducted on nationalism and policy fields not immedi- ately related to language (or culture). 1 This is perhaps because it is not readily expected that day-to-day policy-making in areas not featuring language (or culture) would shape nationalist movements, and that these movements would in turn affect policy-making in these areas.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of 9-nitrocamptothecin-loaded long circulating nanoparticles for delivery in cancer patients

The purpose in this study was to investigate poly(ethylene glycol)-modified poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-NPs) loading 9-nitrocamptothecin (9-NC) as a potent anticancer drug. 9-NC is an analog of the natural plant alkaloid camptothecin that has shown high antitumor activity and is currently in the end stage of clinical trial. Unfortunately, at physiological pH, these potent agents undergo a rapid and reversible hydrolysis with the loss of antitumor activity. Previous researchers have shown that the encapsulation of this drug in PLGA nanoparticles could increase its stability and release profile. In this research we investigated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles and their effect on in vitro characteristics of this labile drug. 9-NC-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles with particle size within the range of 148.5 ± 30 nm were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method. The influence of four different independent variables (amount of polymer, percent of emulsifier, internal phase volume, and external phase volume) on nanoparticle drug-loading was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry were also evaluated for physical characterizing. The results of optimized formulation showed a narrow size distribution, suitable zeta potential (+1.84), and a drug loading of more than 45%. The in vitro drug release from PLGA-PEG NPs showed a sustained release pattern of up to 120 hours and comparing with PLGA-NPs had a significant decrease in initial burst effect. These experimental results indicate that PLGA-PEG-NPs (versus PLGA-NPs) have a better physicochemical characterization and can be developed as a drug carrier in order to treat different malignancies.
Attention on autopilot: Past experience and attentional set

What factors determine the implementation of attentional set? It is often assumed that set is determined only by experimenter instructions and characteristics of the immediate stimulus environment, yet it is likely that other factors play a role. The present experiments were designed to evaluate the latter possibility; specifically, the role of past experience was probed. In a 320-trial training phase, observers could use one of two possible attentional sets (but not both) to find colour-defined targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream of letters. In the subsequent 320-trial test phase, where either set could be used, observers persisted in using their pre-established sets through the remainder of the experiment, affirming a clear role of past experience in the implementation of attentional set. A second experiment revealed that sufficient experience with a given set was necessary to facilitate persistence with it. These results are consistent with models of executive control (e.g., Norman & Shallice, 1986), in which “top-down” behaviours are influenced by learned associations between tasks and the environment.
To Hold, or Not to Hold … Is That the Right Question?

ABSTRACT This is both a review of the professional literature in the area of therapeutic holding as well as an attempt to place the issue in a practical and reasonable context. At a time when more violent children are in substitute care, there has been increasing pressure on programs to handle extreme behavior with non-intrusive methods. Advocates of this position frame the issue by asking if the program uses physical holding or seclusion. This article reframes the question in terms of both what is professionally appropriate and what actually works. Traditional methods of handling extreme behavior are discussed and compared. The discussion ends with suggestions for building a response to violent behavior.
EmoCog: Computational Integration of Emotion and Cognitive Architecture

Since the reinvigoration of emotions research, many computationalmodels of emotion have been developed. None ofthese models, however, fully address the integration of emotiongeneration and emotional effect in the context of cognitiveprocesses. This paper seeks to unify various modelsof computational emotions while fully integrating with workdone in cognitive architectures. We propose a perspective onhow this integration would occur and EmoCog, a cognitivearchitecture with mechanisms for emotion generation and effects.
Teaching to play or playing to teach: An examination of play targets and generalization in two interventions for children with autism

Play is universally found and is an important aspect of childhood development. Difficulty with imaginative, or symbolic play, is a core deficit of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (DSM-5; APA, 2013). This study represents the first attempt to compare play targets between two interventions. Sixty-five pre-school aged, minimally verbal children with ASD and their parents participated in this study. Both Discrete Trial Training (DTT) and Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement & Regulation (JASPER) interventions directly target play skills as a primary area for improvement, but have varying methodological approaches. A randomized controlled trial found that symbolic play types increased across both interventions when targeted, but children receiving the JASPER intervention demonstrated greater gains compared to children receiving DTT. Additionally, only children in the JASPER condition were able to maintain these gains six months later at follow-up. Improvements in symbolic play types were associated with higher scores on cognitive and languages outcomes for both treatments. JASPER interventionists were more likely to choose play targets that were matched with the child’s developmental play level compared to DTT, but this did not result in different outcomes between groups. Improvements made with therapists in both treatments did not generalize to parent child interactions at home. These findings suggest further adaptations must be made to improve generalization from school to home, and across partners.
Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in a Psychiatric Hospital in Ghana: Implications for Control of Nosocomial Infections

Enteric bacteria are commonly implicated in hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections. In Ghana, these infections constitute an important public health problem but little is known about their contribution to antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the extent and pattern of antibiotic resistance of enteric bacteria isolated from patients and environmental sources at the Accra Psychiatric Hospital. A total of 265 samples were collected from the study site including 142 stool and 82 urine samples from patients, 7 swab samples of door handle, and 3 samples of drinking water. Enteric bacteria were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiograms of the isolates were determined using the disc diffusion method. Overall, 232 enteric bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli was the most common (38.3%), followed by Proteus (19.8%), Klebsiella (17.7%), Citrobacter (14.7%), Morganella (8.2%), and Pseudomonas (1.3%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to cefotaxime. The resistance ranged from 15.5% to 84.5%. Multidrug resistance was most prevalent (100%) among isolates of Proteus and Morganella and least prevalent among isolates of Pseudomonas (33.3%). Multidrug resistance among enteric bacteria at the study hospital is high and hence there is a need for screening before therapy to ensure prudent use of antibiotics.
Metabolic Heating and the Prediction of Sex Ratios for Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)

We compared incubation temperatures in nests ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$n=32$$ \end{document} ) of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) on Ascension Island in relation to sand temperatures of control sites at nest depth. Intrabeach thermal variation was low, whereas interbeach thermal variation was high in both control and nest sites. A marked rise in temperature was recorded in nests from 30% to 40% of the way through the incubation period and attributed to metabolic heating. Over the entire incubation period, metabolic heating accounted for a mean rise in temperature of between 0.07° and 2.86°C within nests. During the middle third of incubation, when sex is thought to be determined, this rise in temperature ranged between 0.07° and 2.61°C. Metabolic heating was related to both the number of eggs laid and the total number of hatchlings/embryos produced in a clutch. For 32 clutches in which temperature was recorded, we estimate that metabolic heating accounted for a rise of up to 30% in the proportion of females produced within different clutches. Previous studies have dismissed any effect of metabolic heating on the sex ratio of marine turtle hatchlings. Our results imply that metabolic heating needs to be considered when estimating green turtle hatchling sex ratios.
Simple Open Stance Classification for Rumour Analysis

Stance classification determines the attitude, or stance, in a (typically short) text. The task has powerful applications, such as the detection of fake news or the automatic extraction of attitudes toward entities or events in the media. This paper describes a surprisingly simple and efficient classification approach to open stance classification in Twitter, for rumour and veracity classification. The approach profits from a novel set of automatically identifiable problem-specific features, which significantly boost classifier accuracy and achieve above state-of-the-art results on recent benchmark datasets. This calls into question the value of using complex sophisticated models for stance classification without first doing informed feature extraction.
Historical representations and conflicts about indigenous people as national identities

The relation between history learning processes, in and out of school, and the construction of national identities is nowadays an increasingly important topic, being studied through the appropriation of historical narratives, which are frequently based on the official history of any nation state. In this paper, college students’ historical representations of their nation’s origin are studied. We compared specific quantitative answers about who the first inhabitants of Argentina were with more in depth qualitative answers about their nation’s political origin. In this respect, a conflict has been found in the way students present the official narrative. This conflict consists of maintaining that natives were the first national inhabitants, while most of the students think their nation was created in the 19th century. Different reactions to this are analyzed, particularly students’ efforts to justify this conflict and to find coherency in historical content which has been produced by school history teaching and other sources and consumed by college students. The most common justifications include cultural tools that conceal the violence historically suffered by the natives, and at the same time an unreal conciliation between natives’ rights and the interests of western founders of the national state. These tensions are considered in light of sociocultural discussions about the differences between production and consumption of historical narratives and their appropriation. We uphold that consumed historical narratives are based on an ontological and ahistorical concept of one’s own nation, which prevents understanding a possible counternarrative based on natives as historical agents.
RELATIONSHIP OF BASAL HEART RATE VARIABILITY TO IN VIVO CYTOKINE RESPONSES after endotoxin exposure

Autonomic inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), have been reported to correlate to the severity injury and responses to infectious challenge among critically ill patients. In addition, parasympathetic/vagal activity has been shown experimentally to exert anti-inflammatory effects via attenuation of splanchnic tissue TNF-&agr; production. We sought to define the influence of gender on HRV responses to in vivo endotoxin challenge in healthy humans and to determine if baseline HRV parameters correlated with endotoxin-mediated circulating cytokine responses. Young (<30 years of age), healthy subjects (n = 30) received endotoxin (2 ng/kg), and HRV and blood samples were obtained serially thereafter. Plasma cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HRV parameters were determined by analysis of serial 5-min epochs of heart rate monitoring. In addition, calculation of multiscale entropy deriving from cardiac monitoring data was performed. The influence of factors such as gender, body mass index, and resting heart rate on HRV after endotoxin exposure was assessed. We found that gender, body mass index, or resting heart rate did not significantly alter the HRV response after endotoxin exposure. Using entropy analysis, we observed that females had significantly higher entropy values at 24 h after endotoxin exposure. Using a serially sampling protocol for cytokine determination, we found a significant correlation of several baseline HRV parameters (percentage of interval differences of successive interbeat intervals more than 50 ms, r = 0.42, P < 0.05; high-frequency variability, r = 0.4, P < 0.05; and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, r = −0.43, P < 0.05) on TNF-&agr; release after endotoxin exposure.
Effects of situation awareness under different road environments on young and elder drivers

This simulation study was conducted to examine how age (elder vs. young) and road events (in-vehicle information, vehicles, traffic signs, traffic lights, pedestrians, and bicyclists) affect driver performance levels in terms of situation awareness (SA). The participants comprised 46 age-balanced volunteers who executed a simulated driving task and verbally completed the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique questionnaire with the researcher. The results indicate that age affects SA during driving. Elder drivers demonstrated less situation comprehension than young drivers, and all participants demonstrated significantly poorer SA performance levels toward vehicles and traffic signs compared with other road events.