Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristic time based routing in information centric networks

Information centric networking (ICN) aims to transform today's Internet from a host-centric model to a content-centric one by caching content internally within the network at storage-enabled nodes. Recently, multiple routing and cache management strategies have been proposed [1]-[6] to improve the user-level performance (e.g., content-download latency) in ICN. In this paper, we propose a simple routing strategy that leverages the concept of characteristic time to improve content-download latency. Characteristic time for a content in a cache indicates the amount of time in future a recently accessed content is likely to remain in that cache. Our proposed algorithm (CTR) uses characteristic time information to forward requests to caches where the content is likely to be found. CTR augments native routing strategies (e.g., Dijkstra's algorithm), works with existing cache management policies and thus can be implemented in ICN prototypes with minimal effort. We perform exhaustive simulations using realistic Internet topologies (e.g., GEANT, WIDE, TISCALI, ROCKETFUEL [7]) and demonstrate that the CTR algorithm provides approximately 10-50% improvement in latency over state-of-the-art routing and caching management strategies for ICN for a wide range of simulation parameters.
Comparative study on body segments and BMI between cricket players and hockey players

In the world history, sports was a popular organization and important as today. It has been an interesting aspect for human amusement and a cultural phenomenon at great magnitude. Scientific investigation into the performance of sportsman has been playing an increasingly important role to attain excellence of performance in different sports. Now the sportsman has been able to give outstanding performance because of involvement of new scientifically substantiated training methods and means of execution of sports exercise such as sports techniques and tactics. The purpose of the study was to investigate the difference on body segments and BMI between cricket players and hockey players. 20 male college level batsmen in cricket were selected from Burdwan district, Hooghly district of West Bengal and 20 male college level Hockey players were selected from North 24 pgs, Kolkata and Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal as the subjects for this study. The age of the subject was 18-22 year. Height, Weight, BMI Leg Length, Arm Length for selected anthropometrical variables of the study. Student ‘t’ test was applied to calculate the collected data at 0.05 levels of significance. The result showed that there was a significant difference between male college level cricketer and male college level Hockey players of Height, BMI, Leg Length, Arm Length and no significant difference between Cricketer and Hockey players of Weight.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection and characterization of liver tumors

Abstract Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has unique advantages over contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the characterization of hepatic tumors. These include the capability of real-time dynamic imaging depicting the enhancement pattern of tumors regardless of its rapidity, purely intravascular properties of the microbubble contrast agents more consistently demonstrating washout of malignancy, and capability of repetitive observation of tumor vascularity with multiple injections of microbubbles with an excellent safety profile and no nephrotoxicity. For an indeterminate mass detected on an ultrasound scan, an immediate benign diagnosis reduces the necessity of costly further imaging as well as patients’ anxiety and an immediate malignant diagnosis prompts the proper work-up and management. CEUS is often served as a problem-solving tool for indeterminate lesions on prior CT or MRI scans, obviating further invasive steps. CEUS offers excellent visualization of peripheral nodular enhancement in even flash-filling or very slow-filling hemangiomas. Careful observation of early arterial filling pattern is helpful in the differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia versus adenoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma is typically characterized by arterial hypervascularity and often late, partial washout. Metastasis shows brief arterial hypervascularity and complete rapid washout, which can improve its detection during a portal phase survey. The washout phenomenon of malignant tumors in general is useful to differentiate them from benign lesions.
Effectiveness of mobile technologies delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions for stress and anxiety: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES Mobile technologies may be suitable for delivering Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI) to treat anxiety in real-time. This review aims to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of EMI for treating anxiety conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four databases and the reference lists of previous studies were searched. A total of 1949 abstracts were double screened for inclusion. Sufficient studies were available to undertake a quantitative meta-analysis on EMIs on generalized anxiety symptoms. RESULTS The 15 randomized trials and randomized controlled trials examined anxiety (n = 7), stress (n = 3), anxiety and stress (n = 2), panic disorder (n = 2), and social phobia (n = 1). Eight EMIs comprised self-monitoring integrated with therapy modules, seven comprised multimedia content, and three comprised self-monitoring only. The quality of studies presented high risk of biases. Meta-analysis (n = 7) demonstrated that EMIs reduced generalized anxiety compared to control and/or comparison groups (Effect Size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.12-0.53). Most EMIs targeting stress were reported effective relative to control as were the two EMIs targeting panic disorders. The EMI targeting social phobia was not effective. DISCUSSION EMIs have potential in treating both anxiety and stress. However, few high-quality trials have been conducted for specific anxiety disorders. Further trials are needed to assess the value of EMI technologies for anxiety in enhancing existing treatments. CONCLUSION This study found a small significant effect of EMI studies on reducing generalized anxiety. Studies on stress demonstrated EMI was effective compared to control, with the small number of studies on panic and social phobia demonstrating mixed results.
Holocene palaeoceanographic changes in Barrow Strait, Canadian Arctic: foraminiferal evidence

Holocene changes in the benthic and planktic foraminiferal fauna (>63 µm) from a marine sediment core (ARC‐3 Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 74° 16.050′ N, 91° 06.380′ W, water depth 347 m) show that significant environmental and palaeoceanographic variations occurred during the last 10 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages are restricted to the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval as younger samples are mostly barren of foraminifera due to intense carbonate dissolution after ca. 4.5 ka. Foraminiferal assemblages in the ca. 4.5–10 ka interval are dominated by the benthic species Islandiella helenae and Cassidulina reniforme (57% of total), with Elphidium clavatum, Cibicides lobatulus and Buccella frigida also being common in this interval. The dominance of these species indicates a seasonal sea ice regime which is consistent with the occurrence of the sea ice diatom‐derived organic geochemical biomarker IP25 throughout the core. The abundances of C. reniforme and E. clavatum decline upcore; consistent with more frequent mixing of the Barrow Strait water column during the early Holocene. It is likely that the influence of CO2‐rich Arctic surface water masses have caused an increase in bottom water corrosivity after ca. 8.5 ka, and dissolution has been further enhanced by sea ice‐related processes after ca. 6 ka, concomitant with increased IP25 fluxes. Dissolution is strongest when IP25 fluxes are highest, suggesting a link between the sea ice and benthic systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysosome and Cytoskeleton Pathways Are Robustly Enriched in the Blood of Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Data

Background. Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. A better understanding of the blood systems response to sepsis should expedite the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Methods. We analyzed microarray studies whose data is available from the GEO repository and which were performed on the whole blood of septic patients and normal controls. Results. We identified 6 cohorts consisting of 450 individuals (sepsis = 323, control = 127) providing genome-wide messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data. Through meta-analysis we found the “Lysosome” and “Cytoskeleton” pathways were upregulated in human sepsis patients relative to controls, in addition to previously known signaling pathways (including MAPK, TLR). The key regulatory genes in the “Lysosome” pathway include lysosomal acid hydrolases (e.g., protease cathepsin A, D) as well as the major (LAMP1, 2) and minor (SORT1, LAPTM4B) membrane proteins. In contrast, pathways related to “Ribosome”, “Spliceosome” and “Cell adhesion molecules” were found to be downregulated, along with known pathways for immune dysfunction. Overall, our study revealed distinct mRNA activation profiles and protein-protein interaction networks in blood of human sepsis. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that aberrant mRNA expression in the lysosome and cytoskeleton pathways may play a pivotal role in the molecular pathobiology of human sepsis.
The sleep-feeding conflict: Understanding behavioral integration through genetic analysis in Drosophila

One of the brain's most important functions is the control of homeostatically regulated behaviors. Dysregulation of the neural systems controlling sleep and feeding underlies many chronic illnesses. In a recent study published inCurrent Biology we showed that flies, like mammals, suppress sleep when starved and identified the genes Clock and cycle as regulators of sleep during starvation. Here we show that starvation specifically disrupts sleep initiation without affecting sleep consolidation. The identification of genes regulating sleep-feeding interactions will provide insight into how the brain integrates and controls the expression of complex behaviors.
A realistic simulation framework for vehicular networks

Research in Vehicular Networks (VNs) has found in simulation the most useful method to test new algorithms and techniques. This is mainly due to the high cost of deploying such systems in real scenarios. When simulating vehicular environments, two different issues must be addressed: mobility and wireless communications. Regarding mobility, several mobility pattern generators have been proposed so far. However, all of them present important drawbacks from the point of view of reproducing realistic mobility over real roadmaps. As for the wireless communications, ns-2 has become one of the most widely used network simulators for wireless communications researchers. However, simulating VNs requires using environments behaving as realistically as possible, and ns-2 presents some deficiencies that make it difficult to obtain accurate vehicular simulations. In this work, we present a realistic simulation framework which combines vehicular mobility over real roadmaps and ns-2 optimizations to obtain more accurate and meaningful results when simulating vehicular environments.
Gridlock and Delegation in a Changing World

Fixed statutes and regulations often have variable consequences over time. If left unattended, such drift can severely erode the performance of government as an institution of representation. To better understand the mechanics of policy-making in a changing world, we develop a positive theory that captures political drift in a dynamic, separation-of-powers system. We show analytically that a distinctive combination of legislative supermajoritarianism and agency autonomy institutional features that, in isolation, elicit widespread criticism - can effectively ameliorate policies' susceptibility to the vicissitudes of exogenous change. The critical mechanism for governmental accommodation of drift is delegation, which increases all decision-makers' well-being by reducing fluctuations in outcomes. Although the complete smoothing of outcomes is attainable in a separation of powers system, we show that this is typically not achieved in equilibrium. The presence of drift provides an opportunity for self-interested legislators to extract a distributional benefit from their fellow legislators at the expense of overall policymaking efficiency.
Electric, Heating and Cooling Yields of Solar Collectors for Different Atmospheric Conditions and Tilt Angles

this paper, a study was carried out for the effect of local atmospheric condition and tilt angle on the energy yields of solar collectors at selected latitudes. A computer program was developed for that purpose to find the daily average, monthly, seasonal and annual energy profiles based on Klein model and Erbs correlation. Using generic system of solar collector at due south, hybrid energy yields: electric, heating and cooling were obtained. As a case study, the results were presented for latitudes 30 o - 37 o N. Optimum tilt angles were found to be within 0 o to 66 o which nonlinearly depends on the relevant time period of the year and atmospheric condition. Two important findings were concluded. First, optimum angles would be larger for better atmospheric conditions with greater shifts during winter period while summer months are of less sensitivity. This shift was 10 o - 14 o for winter monthly energy, 0 o - 8 o for summer monthly energy, 11 o - 13 o for total annual and heating energy and 1 o - 3 o for total cooling energy. Second, deviations in the angles of commonly used empirical formulas were noticed to be larger in summer period and higher latitudes. These deviations were in the range of -10 o to +20 o as compared to the corresponding values of present study. Finally, average energy values were 6055, 1700 and 2370 MJ/m 2 for annual, heating and cooling yields respectively. Keywordsolar collector, energy profile, electric heating cooling yields, atmospheric condition, optimum tilt angle.
APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT METHODS IN COMMERCIAL WEBSITE MARKETING STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT

Intelligent methods are widely applied in business, economical, financial, marketing and security aspects of e-commerce. The visitor is a vital element of eCommerce. Visitors’ sources, data mining methods, types and application of intelligent methods in eCommerce are overviewed in this article. Neural networks application in traffic statistics analysis and marketing strategies development is presented.
Women and Mentoring in Collegiate Athletics

The number of women working and participating in intercollegiate athletics has steadily increased the past four decades. This has led for a need to develop women as leaders within collegiate athletics and one way of doing this is through mentoring. Mentoring provides guidance in regard to both the professional development and psychosocial support. In our research, we investigated mentoring within the college athletics environment by interviewing female athletic directors and female graduate assistants. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) importance of mentorship; (b) quality of mentorship; (c) availability, and (d) lack of female mentorship. Our research builds on the idea that mentorship is important and valued by both the mentor and protégé but the key is determining how to best connect the two groups. This would possibly lead to higher job satisfaction, higher employee retention, and more productive work environment.
Feature-based Human Face Detection Feature-based Human Face Detection

Human face detection has always been an important problem for face, expression and gesture recognition. Though numerous attempts have been made to detect and localize faces, these approaches have made assumptions that restrict their extension to more general cases. We identify that the key factor in a generic and robust system is that of using a large amount of image evidence, related and reinforced by model knowledge through a probabilistic framework. In this paper, we propose a feature-based algorithm for detecting faces that is suuciently generic and is also easily extensible to cope with more demanding variations of the imaging conditions. The algorithm detects feature points from the image using spatial lters and groups them into face candidates using geometric and gray level constraints. A probabilistic framework is then used to reinforce probabilities and to evaluate the likelihood of the candidate as a face. We provide results to support the validity of the approach and demonstrate its capability to detect faces under diierent scale, orientation and viewpoint.
Motives for Creating a Private Website and Personality of Personal Homepage Owners in Terms of Extraversion and Heuristic Orientation

The purpose of this study was to investigate personal characteristics of homepage owners as well as motives for creating an own homepage. Questionnaires were obtained from 102 personal website owners. Our results show that personal homepage owners are more extraverted compared to the general population. Furthermore, the personality of personal homepage owners differ from the general population since their cognitive style is more heuristic. However, within our sample bloggers did not differ from non-bloggers. The analyses concerning the motives showed that the main reasons for the participants to create and maintain an own homepage are enjoyment, exercise in terms of web design, and self-portrayal. Thereby, extraversion scores are highest for individuals who own a homepage with the objective to portray themselves. In contrast, the motive “exercise” refers to higher scores in terms of heuristic orientation. Since we assessed an Internet survey, self-selection biases may limitate our results.
Differential perceptions of fear of crime among college students: The race factor

ABSTRACT Despite the rising crime rates on U.S. university campuses, few empirical studies—either quantitative or qualitative—have examined the rate of fearfulness among college students. The present analysis supplements previous efforts by exploring racial effects on college students' feelings of fearfulness and determines the influence of individual characteristics on white and nonwhite students' fear of crime. Using cross-sectional data from a large public university in the United States, results show that nonwhite students have greater levels of fear of crime on campus than their white counterparts. Moreover, gender and perceived police effectiveness also influenced students' levels of fear of crime. The effects were true for both white and nonwhite students.
Comparison of the Eradication Rate between 1- and 2-Week Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Rescue Therapies for Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Background/Aims First-line therapies against Helicobacter pylori, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) plus two antibiotics, may fail in up to 20% of patients. 'Rescue' therapy is usually needed for patients who failed the first-line treatment. This study evaluated the eradication rate of bismuth-containing quadruple rescue therapy over a 1- or 2-week period. Methods We prospectively investigated 169 patients with a persistent H. pylori infection after the first-line triple therapy, which was administered from October 2008 to March 2010. The patients were randomized to receive a 1- or 2-week quadruple rescue therapy (pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d., tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 300 mg q.i.d., metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d., and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d.). After the 'rescue' therapy, the eradication rate, compliance, and adverse events were evaluated. Results The 1-week group achieved 83.5% (71/85) and 87.7% (71/81) eradication rates in the intention to treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The 2-week group obtained 87.7% (72/84) and 88.9% (72/81) eradication rate in the ITT and PP analyses, respectively. There was no significant difference in the eradication rate, patient compliance or rate of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions One-week bismuth-containing quadruple therapy can be as effective as a 2-week therapy after the failure of the first-line eradication therapy.
Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability

Abstract Many arthropods, including terrestrial isopods, are capable of entering a state of tonic immobility upon a mechanical disturbance. Here we compare the responses to mechanical stimulation in three terrestrial isopods Balloniscus glaber, Balloniscus sellowii and Porcellio dilatatus. We applied three stimuli in a random order and recorded whether each individual was responsive (i.e. showed tonic immobility) or not and the duration of the response. In another trial we related the time needed to elicit tonic immobility and the duration of response of each individual. Balloniscus sellowii was the least responsive species and Porcellio dilatatus was the most, with 23% and 89% of the tested individuals, respectively, being responsive. Smaller Balloniscus sellowii were more responsive than larger individuals. Porcellio dilatatus responded more promptly than the Balloniscus spp. but it showed the shortest response. Neither sex, size nor the type of stimulus explained the variability found in the duration of tonic immobility. These results reveal a large variability in tonic immobility behavior, even between closely related species, which seems to reflect a species-specific response to predators with different foraging modes.
Scheduling Large Task Graphs in Parallel Using a Fault-Tolerant Heterogeneous-Cluster-Based Search

—A natural approach for scheduling tasks to a workstation cluster is to employ the multiple machines in the cluster to schedule the task graphs so that the cluster manifests itself as a “self-scheduled” platform. A few parallel approaches have been devised for scheduling task graphs using a parallel machine such as an Intel Paragon but they are not suitable for a cluster of workstations environment because the machines in a cluster are heterogeneous and may experience failure. In this paper, we propose a new approach, called Cluster-Based Search (CBS), for scheduling large task graphs in parallel on a heterogeneous cluster of workstations. The CBS algorithm uses a parallel random neighborhood search which works by refining multiple different initial schedules simultaneously using different workstations. Heterogeneity of machines is handled in the biased partitioning of the search space. The parallel random neighborhood search is fault-tolerant in that the workload of a failed workstation is automatically redistributed to other workstations so that the search can continue. Our performance evaluation indicates that the CBS approach can generate high quality solutions and is scalable.