Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sport for all in Scandinavia: sport policy and participation in Norway, Sweden and Denmark

While sport for all is a popular topic in both policy and research, and leaning on the egalitarian policies and culture of Scandinavian countries, this article discusses sport for all within the Scandinavian sport and sport policy context. First, sketching the national political and organizational arrangements of sport in the three Scandinavian countries, the main part of the article discusses the limitations of the possibilities for reaching sport for all through the established institutional arrangements. The main findings are that, although more inclusive in participation terms than many other countries, the sport organizations in Scandinavia are exclusive in at least two ways. During adolescence, most people quit organized sport, and the patterns of participants follow socio-economic division lines favouring the middle class. Second, sport for all is difficult to achieve because other conventions, such as the competitive one, dominate the sport organizations. In sum, the balance between focusing on competition and providing sport for all is extremely difficult, and alternatives are vulnerable since sport subsidies from the state traditionally go to monopolistic umbrella organizations in Scandinavia. Nevertheless, there are indications that in order to get closer to sport for all, differentiation is needed to challenge the hegemonic structures and institutional relationships.
Overseas Americans in Southeast Asia: Fact in Fiction

Americans abroad are becoming a national concern of great importance because of the enormous numbers of people and amounts of money involved in American aid programs. Reports of waste and ineffectiveness multiply. Not only newspaper accounts, government reports, and the statements of social scientists have been contributing to the protest, but there has also been a rash of novels, often effectively (though not always accurately) portraying the situation. Many of these novels have included missionaries within their portrayal, and all which are well done are most pertinent to missionaries who are a part of the overseas community. In this article Prof. Hart analyzes the novels for the assumptions they show and for the patterns that show up in the different characterizations. In effect, it is a study of what the novelists think Americans abroad are like, and what they should be like.
The Dynamic Interplay between HIV-1, SAMHD1, and the Innate Antiviral Response

The innate immune response constitutes the first cellular line of defense against initial HIV-1 infection. Immune cells sense invading virus and trigger signaling cascades that induce antiviral defenses to control or eliminate infection. Professional antigen-presenting cells located in mucosal tissues, including dendritic cells and macrophages, are critical for recognizing HIV-1 at the site of initial exposure. These cells are less permissive to HIV-1 infection compared to activated CD4+ T-cells, which is mainly due to host restriction factors that serve an immediate role in controlling the establishment or spread of viral infection. However, HIV-1 can exploit innate immune cells and their cellular factors to avoid detection and clearance by the host immune system. Sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is the mammalian deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase responsible for regulating intracellular dNTP pools and restricting the replication of HIV-1 in non-dividing myeloid cells and quiescent CD4+ T-cells. Here, we review and analyze the latest literature on the antiviral function of SAMHD1, including the mechanism of HIV-1 restriction and the ability of SAMHD1 to regulate the innate immune response to viral infection. We also provide an overview of the dynamic interplay between HIV-1, SAMHD1, and the cell-intrinsic antiviral response to elucidate how SAMHD1 modulates HIV-1 infection in non-dividing immune cells. A more complete understanding of SAMHD1’s role in the innate immune response to HIV-1 infection may help develop stratagems to enhance its antiviral effects and to more efficiently block HIV-1 replication and avoid the pathogenic result of viral infection.
The office development cycle in London

Summary The paper examines the main features of the office market and the office development process in London, which is not only the largest office centre in the UK, but also in Europe as a whole. The discussion starts with the main factors which have contributed to the growth of London as a national and international office centre, concentrating in particular upon the main sources of demand for new office building. The cyclical nature of post‐war office development in London is described, illustrated by an examination of the relative trends in investment and development returns from new offices. The impact of the supply cycle upon the organization and funding of development, and upon its scale and location are then discussed, followed by a brief review of the impact of planning policy upon the office market. Finally, there is a review of the current situation at the end of the third post‐war cycle, and an assessment of the likely impact of new office technologies upon the demand for office space in the .
Organisation development in HRM: a longitudinal study contrasting evolutionary trends between the UK and USA

Organisation development (OD) roles and skills are in demand in practice, yet they receive scant attention in the academic literature. Using the theoretical lens of population ecology, this study examines the evolution of OD through a 40-year empirical study. The paper extends current thinking by contrasting the research of academic scholars on the evolution of the human resources management (HRM) profession in the UK and USA. It also presents implications of the data for the future, in practice, and as an academic subject. The methodology applied in this longitudinal study identifies growth and content analysis of job advertisements in the relevant trade press. A key finding of the study is that whilst it has achieved legitimacy in UK practice, the growth in requirement for OD skills has largely been ignored by scholars. In its current evolutionary phase, the UK form of the profession has been in a stable state, however, a small number of HRM scholarly descriptions of ‘new HRM’ indicate that a further evolution in form has commenced. We argue that the most successful trajectory for evolving professional forms of HRM is through a convergence of HRM, OD and human resources development, and that UK scholars need to recognise the presence of OD in HRM.
Support for families of patients dying with dementia: A qualitative analysis of bereaved family members' experiences and suggestions

Abstract Objective: To explore and document the needs of family caregivers of patients dying with dementia and to identify how healthcare professionals can adequately support them. Method: We employed a cross-sectional survey containing open-ended questions that were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results: Receiving information about the diagnosis and disease trajectory of dementia is essential for the caregiving families of people dying with the disease. However, at present the communication of information offered by professionals is not experienced as satisfying. Further aspects that require improvement concern issues related to time constraints, as well as practical and emotional support from professionals in the care setting. Family members would also like professionals to better assist them during and after the dying process. Significance of Results: Family members face multiple burdens while caring for their demented relatives and need more professional support during the course of the disease trajectory as well as in the terminal phase.
The State of Political Participation in Post-Communist Democracies: Low but Surprisingly Little Biased Citizen Engagement

The article assesses the state of political participation in Central and East European post-communist democracies. Incorporating the most recent data, it compares the emerging trends in political participation to those observed in the established democracies of Western Europe. The findings reveal that post-communist citizens participate substantially less than their Western counterparts, and, contrary to some expectations, no convergence has been taking place. This is due to a host of factors, the importance of which seems to vary according to the type of political activity. It is subsequently shown that while political participation is lower than in Western Europe, it is not markedly more biased. The poor state of political participation therefore does not appear to seriously undermine the quality of the post-communist democratic process.
A cointegration analysis between Mercosur and international stock markets

This paper deals with an empirical investigation on the existence of long-run relationships among the two most important Mercosur stock market indexes (the Argentine Merval and the Brazilian Ibovespa) and two major international stock price indexes (the Japanese Nikkei and the US Dow Jones) and also with the estimation of short-run responses of those two emerging stock markets. Bivariate and multivariate cointegration tests indicate that there is no common trend linking the Argentine and the Brazilian stock price indexes. This result can be seen as a drawback to a proposal of stock market integration in Mercosur. On the other hand, cointegration between the two Latin American stock markets and the Dow Jones cannot be rejected. Based on an error correction mechanism, the estimated short–run elasticities show that the Ibovespa index is more responsive to changes in the Dow Jones than the Merval index.
Can, or should, a central bank inflation target?

Classical theory monetarists assumed the quantity theory's equation of exchange gave the central bank direct control of inflation via an exogenous money supply. After Milton Friedman's "natural rate of unemployment" thesis, classical theory recognized that inflation targeting could only be achieved by affecting the unemployment rate. Keynes's theory argues that the central bank can target inflation only via installing an "incomes policy of fear. "
Free radical functionalization of surfaces to prevent adverse responses to biomedical devices

Immobilizing a protein, that is fully compatible with the patient, on the surface of a biomedical device should make it possible to avoid adverse responses such as inflammation, rejection, or excessive fibrosis. A surface that strongly binds and does not denature the compatible protein is required. Hydrophilic surfaces do not induce denaturation of immobilized protein but exhibit a low binding affinity for protein. Here, we describe an energetic ion-assisted plasma process that can make any surface hydrophilic and at the same time enable it to covalently immobilize functional biological molecules. We show that the modification creates free radicals that migrate to the surface from a reservoir beneath. When they reach the surface, the radicals form covalent bonds with biomolecules. The kinetics and number densities of protein molecules in solution and free radicals in the reservoir control the time required to form a full protein monolayer that is covalently bound. The shelf life of the covalent binding capability is governed by the initial density of free radicals and the depth of the reservoir. We show that the high reactivity of the radicals renders the binding universal across all biological macromolecules. Because the free radical reservoir can be created on any solid material, this approach can be used in medical applications ranging from cardiovascular stents to heart-lung machines.
Improved keratoconus detection by ocular response analyzer testing after consideration of corneal thickness as a confounding factor.

PURPOSE To compare corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) between normal eyes and eyes with keratoconus correcting for the effect of central corneal thickness (CCT) and to estimate keratoconus detection sensitivity and specificity of these parameters. METHODS Observational case series of 102 normal eyes (control group) and 77 eyes with keratoconus (keratoconus group). Examination included corneal topography, tomography, and biomechanical testing with the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Technologies). The confounding effect of CCT was controlled by stratification (20-μm CCT intervals) and linear transformation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify optimal CH and CRF cutoff points for keratoconus detection. Main outcome measures were CCT, CH, CRF, and diagnostic performance of CH and CRF. RESULTS Corneal hysteresis and CRF were positively correlated to CCT in both groups. In the control versus keratoconus group, CH was 9.79 ± 1.51 vs 8.49 ± 1.48 (P<.0001) and CRF was 9.55 ± 1.64 vs 7.24 ± 1.43 (P<.0001), respectively. Only CRF remained significantly lower in eyes with keratoconus after CCT stratification in 20-μm intervals, and keratoconus grade influenced CH and CRF. Transformed CH and CRF data confirmed these results. Sensitivity and specificity of CRF cutoff points ranged between 83% and 94% and 69% and 83%, respectively. True positive rate for CRF in eyes with keratoconus with normal topography was 84%. CONCLUSIONS Corneal resistance factor was better than CH for detecting keratoconic corneas once the effect of CCT on ORA measurements was considered, even for topographically unaffected fellow eyes of patients with keratoconus. The CCT-corrected CRF cutoff values and transformed indices may be of clinical use.
Auctions vs. Bargaining: An Empirical Analysis of Medical Device Procurement

We test recent theory on the benefits of auctions and bargaining as alternative procurement mechanisms using data on the procurement of medical devices by Italian hospitals. Theory suggests that auctions perform well when cost control is the key concern, but are less effective at producing the optimal mix of quality and price for complex products where quality is difficult to verify. Consistent with the theory, we find that auctions are used more often when the influence of financial staff relative to medical staff is high, when the marginal cost of increasing product quality is high, and when the marginal value of increasing quality is low.
Influence of the Lactose Plasmid on the Metabolism of Galactose by Streptococcus lactis

Streptococcus lactis strain DR1251 was capable of growth on lactose and galactose with generation times, at 30°C, of 42 and 52 min, respectively. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase activity for lactose and galactose was induced during growth on either substrate. This activity had an apparent Km of 5 × 10−5 M for lactose and 2 × 10−2 M for galactose. β-d-Phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase activity was synthesized constitutively by these cells. Strain DR1251 lost the ability to grow on lactose at a high frequency when incubated at 37°C with glucose as the growth substrate. Loss of ability to metabolize lactose was accompanied by the loss of a 32-megadalton plasmid, pDR1, and Lac− isolates did not revert to a Lac+ phenotype. Lac− strains were able to grow on galactose but with a longer generation time. Galactose-grown Lac− strains were deficient in β-d-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase activity and phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase activity for both lactose and galactose. There was also a shift from a predominantly homolactic to a heterolactic fermentation and a fivefold increase in galactokinase activity, relative to the Lac+ parent strain grown on galactose. These results suggest that S. lactis strain DR1251 metabolizes galactose primarily via the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway, using a lactose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase activity to transport this substrate into the cell. Lac− derivatives of strain DR1251, deficient in the lactose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase activity, appeared to utilize galactose via the Leloir pathway.
Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa Di Kabupaten Jember

This research focuses on the application of the system of accountability of managing the allocation of funds is a village in the District of Jember Regency Umbulsari. In order to know how the implementation of the accountability system of managing the allocation of funds is a village in the District of Jember Regency Umbulsari starting from the stage of planning, execution and accountability. This research is expected to be beneficial to Jember Regency Government in particular sub district of Umbulsari in an effort improve accountability of the management of the allocation of funds for the village. The study is done at villages in sub-districts umbulsari. As informants in this study certainly people who are directly involved and understand and can provide information about managing the allocation of funds for villages, namely the Government of the village as the village of peleksana and team empowerment Institute Executive team as the village community activities. The results of this research show that the planning and implementation of activities of the village Fund Allocations already indicates that management accountable and transparent. From the side of accountability both in terms of physical as well as the Administration is already showing the implementation of accountable and transparent.
Systematic liquidity, characteristic liquidity and asset pricing

In this article we examine whether the traditional characteristic liquidity premium can be explained by market liquidity risk. We find that after adjusting for Pástor and Stambaugh market liquidity factor, the level of traditional liquidity remains priced. Also, consistent with previous studies on market liquidity and asset pricing, we do not find stock characteristics or Fama–French factors to determine the impacts of liquidity level on stock return. More interestingly, we document that the well-known size-return relationship might simply be a proxy for the liquidity-return relationship. Our results are consistent in both time-series and cross-sectional frameworks as well as robust in both New York Stock Exchange-American Stock Exchange (NYSE-AMEX) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) exchanges.
Stability for Development, Development for Stability: The Relationship Between Regional Organizations and Social Cohesion Through the Lens of the EU and MERCOSUR

Strategies aiming to foster social cohesion seek to enhance predictability and trust among heterogeneous actors. Although undoubtedly nation-states remain the dominant context for examining social cohesion, in Europe and in South America, nation-states have formed regional organizations to support political stability and economic cooperation in a world increasingly shaped by political and economic forces beyond the reach of any single nation-state. The comparative extent to which the regional political bodies of the European Union (EU) and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) impact social cohesion within and across member states relates to their capacity to engender reciprocal patterns of political stability and economic development in the region. This article examines the EU and MERCOSUR's stake in social cohesion and how these organizations impact social cohesion in their respective regions through the establishment of institutionalized standards and norms, the content of specific regional policies, and the processes that accompany institutional governance at the regional level. The article finds that the existence of collective support and trust in the institutions that enable these regional organizations to effectively create desired political and economic conditions has implications for the depth of these integration projects and their ability to foster social cohesion across a region.
The effects of trust in organisation and perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour: a test of three competing models

This study examines the relationships between organisational justice, perceived organisational support (POS), trust in organisation and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) by proposing and testing three competing models. The baseline model links POS to distributive justice as its antecedent, and trust in organisation to procedural justice as its antecedent, while OCB is considered the outcome of POS and trust in organisation. Two alternative models are developed to test the effect of distributive justice on trust in organisation, and that of procedural justice on POS. Several hypotheses are derived from these competing models, and tested with a data set consists of 247 employees in three joint ventures in Guangdong Province of China. The results of LISREL show that the baseline model is better supported than the other two models. Specifically, we find that distributive justice affects POS and procedural justice affects trust in organisation. POS has a significant positive effect on trust in organisation and OCB.
An Indicator of Future Inflation Extracted from the Steepness of the Interest Rate Yield Curve Along its Entire Length

It is often suggested that the slope of the term structure of interest rates contains information about the expected future path of inflation. Mishkin (1990) has recently shown that the spread between the 12-month and 3-month interest rates helps to predict the difference between the 12-month and 3-month inflation rates. His approach however, lacks a theoretical foundation, other than the (rejected) hypothesis that the real interest rate is constant. This paper applies a simple existing theoretical framework, which allows the real interest rate to vary in the short run but converge to a constant in the long run, to the problem of predicting the inflation spread. It is shown that the appropriate indicator of expected inflation can make use of the entire length of the yield curve, in particular by estimating the steepness of a specific nonlinear transformation of the curve, rather than being restricted to a spread between two points. The resulting indicator, besides having a firmer theoretical foundation does a relatively good job of predicting the inflation rate over the period 1960 to 1988.
Physiological Content and Intrinsic Activities of 10 Cytochrome P450 Isoforms in Human Normal Liver Microsomes

Due to a lack of physiologic cytochrome P450 (P450) isoform content, P450 activity is typically only determined at the microsomal level (per milligram of microsomal protein) and not at the isoform level (per picomole of P450 isoform), which could result in the misunderstanding of variations in P450 activity between individuals and further hinder development of personalized medicine. We found that there were large variations in protein content, mRNA levels, and intrinsic activities of the 10 P450s in 100 human liver samples, in which CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 showed the highest expression levels. P450 gene polymorphisms had different effects on activity at two levels: CYP3A5*3 and CYP2A6*9 alleles conferred increased activity at the isoform level but decreased activity at the microsomal level; CYP2C9*3 had no effect at the isoform level but decreased activity at the microsomal level. The different effects at each level stem from the different effects of each polymorphism on the resulting P450 protein. Individuals with CYP2A6*1/*4, CYP2A6*1/*9, CYP2C9*1/*3, CYP2D6 100C>T TT, CYP2E1 7632T>A AA, CYP3A5*1*3, and CYP3A5*3*3 genotypes had significantly lower protein content, whereas CYP2D6 1661G>C mutants had a higher protein content. In conclusion, we first offered the physiologic data of 10 P450 isoform contents and found that some single nucleotide polymorphisms had obvious effects on P450 expression in human normal livers. The effects of gene polymorphisms on intrinsic P450 activity at the isoform level were quite different from those at the microsomal level, which might be due to changes in P450 protein content.