Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Testing Environment and Baseline Performance in Child and Adolescent Concussion Assessment

Background: Previous research has demonstrated differences in cognitive performance when baseline concussion assessment is performed in a group versus an individual setting. Accurate baseline assessment is imperative when such data are used to make clinical decisions regarding cognitive and symptom recovery after concussion. Hypothesis: The use of similar standardized test administration procedures and test conditions across group and individual settings results in no differences in cognitive performance or symptom reporting. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 939 participants (aged 5-18 years), including 313 tested individually and 626 tested in a group setting, matched on age, sex, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder status, were administered concussion baseline assessment using the desktop version of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing and a new pediatric measure, the Multimodal Assessment of Cognition & Symptoms for Children. Cognitive performance, symptom reports, and rates of invalid performance were compared between settings. Results: No significant differences were found between individual and group testing settings for the age-based Learning and Memory Accuracy composite and Response Speed composite standard scores on the Multimodal Assessment of Cognition & Symptoms for Children. Accounting for age and sex, adolescents’ performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing revealed no differences between settings on the 4 composite raw scores (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, and Reaction Time). Furthermore, symptom reporting was similar between settings on both measures. Rates of invalid performance did not differ between the 2 administration groups for either age group. There was an interaction effect for invalid performance between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and setting in younger children (aged 5-12 years), with higher rates of invalid performance for children in the group setting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared with those without, although there were no differences in the individual setting. Conclusion: In this sample, children given a baseline assessment in a group setting performed no differently than children tested individually when standardized administration procedures were used by trained test administrators. Previous evidence suggesting differences between settings may be attributable to the variability in test administration and supervision rather than the environment itself. The importance of standardized procedures and proper supervision during baseline concussion assessment is supported by these findings.
Experiencing, Psychopathology, and the Tripartite Mind

The philosopher Eugene Gendlin argues that a distinctive mode of reasoning, called experiencing, is necessary for working through personally salient problems such as are encountered in psychotherapy. We review supporting empirical support. It is now possible to consider Gendlin’s ideas from a neurological perspective. Work directed at understanding the neurological underpinnings of consciousness and self-related processing, as well as comparative neuroanatomical work, are all consistent with and elucidated by Gendlin’s experiencing construct. We argue from this data that the human mind is composed of three interacting systems that are unique to or enhanced in humans compared to other primates. Two are dedicated to “hot and cold” cognition. The most important, least well-studied third system is dedicated to mediating between these forms of cognition. We outline how interactions between these systems define different forms of psychopathology and what they suggest about the structure of the human mind.
Beta 2 integrin-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the FGR protein tyrosine kinase in human neutrophils

Stimulation of adherent human neutrophils (PMN) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) triggers protein tyrosine phosphorylation (Fuortes, M., W. W. Jin, and C. Nathan. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:777-784). We investigated the dependence of this response on beta 2 integrins by using PMN isolated from a leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) patient, which do not express beta 2 integrins, and by plating PMN on surface bound anti-beta 2 (CD18) antibodies. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation increased in PMN plated on fibrinogen and this phosphorylation was enhanced by TNF. Triggering of protein tyrosine phosphorylation did not occur in LAD PMN plated on fibrinogen either in the absence or the presence of TNF. Surface bound anti-CD18, but not isotype-matched anti- Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, antibodies triggered tyrosine phosphorylation in normal, but not in LAD PMN. As the major tyrosine phosphorylated proteins we found in our assay conditions migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 56-60 kD, we investigated whether beta 2 integrins are implicated in activation of members of the src family of intracellular protein-tyrosine kinases. We found that the fgr protein-tyrosine kinase (p58fgr) activity, and its extent of phosphorylation in tyrosine, in PMN adherent to fibrinogen, was enhanced by TNF. Activation of p58fgr in response to TNF was evident within 10 min of treatment and increased with times up to 30 min. Also other activators of beta 2 integrins such as phorbol-12- myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), induced activation of p58fgr kinase activity. Activation of p58fgr kinase activity, and phosphorylation in tyrosine, did not occur in PMN of a LAD patient in response to TNF. Soluble anti-CD18, but not anti-Class I MHC antigens, antibodies inhibited activation of p58fgr kinase activity in PMN adherent to fibrinogen in response to TNF, PMA, and FMLP. These findings demonstrate that, in PMN, beta 2 integrins are implicated in triggering of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and establish a link between beta 2 integrin-dependent adhesion and the protein tyrosine kinase fgr in cell signaling.
Antifungal Potential of Propolis Against Carcinogenic Citrinin Produced by Aspergillus terreus Thom

A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the propolis-induced changes on Aspergillus terreus as common producer of carcinogenic citrinin in seeds, feed, food and foodstuff. Keeping in view the attributes of growth criteria and citrinin production of A . terreus , propolis was very effective significantly in decreasing mold growth and mycotoxin production. The alterations in elements accumulation were negatively due to impact of propolis. The amino acids metabolism as key physio-biochemical attributes of fungal metabolism directly influenced by propolis negatively. The accumulation of both glutamic acid and proline due to propolis was observed, signalize to the activation of glutamate kinase followed by glutamine synthetase (for glutamic acid) and ³-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (for proline), respectively. The alteration in amino acids metabolism indicated clearly too significant modifications in mold metabolic process towards catabolism.
A Bayesian MAP-EM Algorithm for PET Image Reconstruction Using Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we present a PET reconstruction method using the wavelet-based maximum a posteriori (MAP) expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed method, namely WV-MAP-EM, shows several advantages over conventional methods. It provides an adaptive way for hyperparameter determination. Since the wavelet transform allows the use of fast algorithms, WV-MAP-EM also does not increase the order of computational complexity. The spatial noise behavior (bias/variance and resolution) of the proposed MAP estimator is analyzed. Quantitative comparisons to MAP methods with Markov random field (MRF) prior models point out that our alternative method, wavelet-base method, offers competitive performance in PET image reconstruction.
The virulence of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 is not dependent on efficient spike protein cleavage and cell-to-cell fusion

The cleavage and fusion properties of recombinant murine hepatitis viruses (MHV) were examined to assess the role of the cleavage signal in determining the extent of S protein cleavage, and the correlation between cleavage and induction of cell-to-cell fusion. Targeted recombination was used to introduce amino acid substitutions into the cleavage signal of the fusion glycoprotein (spike or S protein) of MHV strain A59. The recombinants were then used to address the question of the importance of S protein cleavage and viral-mediated cell-to-cell fusion on pathogenicity. Our data indicate that cleavage of spike is not solely determined by the amino acid sequence at the cleavage site, but may also depend on sequences removed from the cleavage site. In addition, efficient cell-to-cell fusion is not necessary for virulence.
Activities of RU7 Seismological analysis of paroxysms and effusive eruptions at Stromboli

We have then performed a similar analysis using an extended source model with a crack geometry. The inversion has been performed using a non-linear approach based on the Simplex algorithm. The fit, compared with the point source model is greatly improved. The source geometry consists in an inclined crack (dip 70°, azimuth 40°N) with a width of about 250 m and a length higher or equal to 1500 m. For the length it was possible to put only a lower bound since the available dataset does not allow a further constrain. The geometry is compatible with the results of Chouet et al. (2008) which retrieved the shallow conduit geometry using VLP signals of ordinary explosions.
New Directions in the Assessment of Gastric Function: Clinical Applications of Physiologic Measurements

A variety of methods exist to assess gastric motor and sensory function. Specific techniques allow for the measurement of emptying, contractility, accommodation and sensation. Several of these techniques are suitable for in-office use rather than in a hospital or gastroenterology laboratory. While gastric function tests continue to proliferate and become more clinically accessible, their relevance to specific digestive symptoms or syndromes remains poorly studied. Additionally, the ability of gastric function testing to guide therapy or predict responses to interventions also remains poorly studied. Gastric function testing should be employed cautiously in clinical practice with an awareness that test results represent observations rather than diagnosis.
CLIL Instructions in Indonesian Tertiary Tourism Study Program: An Analysis of Students’ Perceptions

CLIL instructions in many countries were proven to be beneficial for its effects on the students’ learning achievement both on content of subject matters as well as the English competence. However, in South East Asian setting, especially in Indonesia, there was a limited study exploring about what the students perceived about CLIL instructions. Therefore, the present study administering quantitative survey research with cross-sectional design aimed at analyzing the Indonesian tourism tertiary students’ perception on CLIL instructions. The sample of study was 219 students attending tourism study program from four universities in Bali, Indonesia. The data was collected through administering validated questionnaire to the sample of the study. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistical analysis to summarize data from the findings in this survey research. The results of present study found out that Indonesian tourism tertiary students perceived CLIL instructions positively. Therefore, it was suggested that CLIL was suitably be implemented in a vocational program such as in tourism study program to help students build domain-specific knowledge of both content and the target language through meaningful learning activities.
Greedy Algorithms for Maximizing Nash Social Welfare

We study the problem of fairly allocating a set of indivisible goods among agents with additive valuations. The extent of fairness of an allocation is measured by its Nash social welfare, which is the geometric mean of the valuations of the agents for their bundles. While the problem of maximizing Nash social welfare is known to be APX-hard in general, we study the effectiveness of simple, greedy algorithms in solving this problem in two interesting special cases. First, we show that a simple, greedy algorithm provides a 1.061-approximation guarantee when agents have identical valuations, even though the problem of maximizing Nash social welfare remains NP-hard for this setting. Second, we show that when agents have binary valuations over the goods, an exact solution (i.e., a Nash optimal allocation) can be found in polynomial time via a greedy algorithm. Our results in the binary setting extend to provide novel, exact algorithms for optimizing Nash social welfare under concave valuations. Notably, for the above mentioned scenarios, our techniques provide a simple alternative to several of the existing, more sophisticated techniques for this problem such as constructing equilibria of Fisher markets or using real stable polynomials.
Energy density, energy costs and income – how are they related?

Abstract Objective To examine the association between energy density and energy costs in single food items and composed diets, and to explore differences in energy density and energy cost between income levels. Design A cross-sectional study using data from two Dutch cohort studies and recent national food prices. Food prices were retrieved from two market leader supermarkets. Data on dietary intake were measured using a computerized face-to-face interview (cohort 1) and 24 h recalls (cohort 2). Setting The Netherlands. Subjects A sample of 373 young adults from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGHLS, measured in 2000) and a sample of 200 community-dwelling elderly from the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam (LASA, measured in 2007). Results We found significant inverse associations between energy density and energy costs in single food items (r = −0·436, P < 0·01) and composed diets (AGHLS men r = −0·505, women r = −0·413, P < 0·001; LASA men r = −0·559, women r = −0·562, P < 0·001). Furthermore, we found that people stratified into higher energy density quartiles consumed significantly more energy per day, less fruits and vegetables, and had significantly lower diet costs. Explorative analyses on income did not reveal significant differences regarding energy density, costs, or fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusions In the Netherlands also, energy density was inversely related with energy costs, implying that healthier diets cost more. However, we could not find differences in energy density or costs between income levels. Future research, using precise food expenditures, is of main importance in studying the economics of obesity and in the aim of making the healthier choice easier.
Cutaneous &ggr;&dgr; T-cell Lymphomas: A Spectrum of Presentations With Overlap With Other Cytotoxic Lymphomas

We reviewed our multicenter experience with gamma-delta (&ggr;&dgr;) T-cell lymphomas first presenting in the skin. Fifty-three subjects with a median age of 61 years (range, 25 to 91 y) were diagnosed with this disorder. The median duration of the skin lesions at presentation was 1.25 years (range, 1 mo to 20 y). The most common presentation was deep plaques (38 cases) often resembling a panniculitis, followed by patches resembling psoriasis or mycosis fungoides (10 cases). These lesions tended to ulcerate overtime (27 cases). Single lesions or localized areas of involvement resembling cellulitis or pyoderma were reported in 8 cases. The most common anatomic site of involvement was the legs (40 cases), followed by the torso (30 cases) and arms (28 cases). Constitutional symptoms were reported in 54% (25/46) of the patients, including some with limited skin involvement. Significant comorbidities included autoimmunity (12 cases), other lymphoproliferative disorders (5 cases), internal carcinomas (4 cases), and viral hepatitis (2 cases). Lymphadenopathy (3/42 cases) and bone marrow involvement (5/28 cases) were uncommon, but serum lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 55% (22/39) of the patients. Abnormal positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography scans in 20/37 subjects mostly highlighted soft tissue or lymph nodes. Disease progression was associated with extensive ulcerated lesions resulting in 27 deaths including complications of hemophagocytic syndrome (4) and cerebral nervous system involvement (3). Median survival time from diagnosis was 31 months. Skin biopsies varied from a pagetoid pattern to purely dermal or panniculitic infiltrates composed of intermediate-sized lymphocytes with tissue evidence of cytotoxicity. The most common immunophenotype was CD3+/CD4−/CD5−/CD8−/BF1−/&ggr;-M1+/TIA-1+/granzyme-B+/CD45RA−/CD7−, and 4 cases were Epstein-Barr virus positive. This is the largest study to date of cutaneous &ggr;&dgr; T-cell lymphomas and demonstrates a variety of clinical and pathologic presentations with a predictable poor outcome.
Randomised controlled trial of early frenotomy in breastfed infants with mild–moderate tongue-tie

Trial design A randomised, parallel group, pragmatic trial. Setting A large UK maternity hospital. Participants Term infants <2 weeks old with a mild or moderate degree of tongue-tie, and their mothers who were having difficulties breastfeeding. Objectives To determine if immediate frenotomy was better than standard breastfeeding support. Interventions Participants were randomised to an early frenotomy intervention group or a ‘standard care’ comparison group. Outcomes Primary outcome was breastfeeding at 5 days, with secondary outcomes of breastfeeding self-efficacy and pain on feeding. Final assessment was at 8 weeks; 20 also had qualitative interviews. Researchers assessing outcomes, but not participants, were blinded to group assignment. Results 107 infants were randomised, 55 to the intervention group and 52 to the comparison group. Five-day outcome measures were available for 53 (96%) of the intervention group and 52 (100%) of the comparison group, and intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in the primary outcome—Latch, Audible swallowing, nipple Type, Comfort, Hold score. Frenotomy did improve the tongue-tie and increased maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. At 5 days, there was a 15.5% increase in bottle feeding in the comparison group compared with a 7.5% increase in the intervention group. After the 5-day clinic, 44 of the comparison group had requested a frenotomy; by 8 weeks only 6 (12%) were breastfeeding without a frenotomy. At 8 weeks, there were no differences between groups in the breastfeeding measures or in the infant weight. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions Early frenotomy did not result in an objective improvement in breastfeeding but was associated with improved self-efficacy. The majority in the comparison arm opted for the intervention after 5 days.
Periventricular heterotopia with white matter abnormalities associated with 6p25 deletion

Periventricular Heterotopia With White Matter Abnormalities Associated With 6p25 Deletion Elena Cellini, Vittoria Disciglio, Francesca Novara, James A. Barkovich, Maria Antonietta Mencarelli, Joussef Hayek, Alessandra Renieri, Orsetta Zuffardi, and Renzo Guerrini* Child Neurology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer—University of Florence, Florence, Italy Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy Child Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy Neurological Clinic C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
Multi‐disciplinary service learning: a medico‐legal collaboration

behaviour, no single best method allowing for the assessment of professionalism in actual clinical settings has been identified. Why the idea was necessary Standardised patients (SPs) are among ACGME s recommended approaches for assessing residents competencies in professionalism. Although SPs have been used in medical education, their use in evaluating residents professionalism has been limited. Prior reports suggest that doctors behave differently in examination settings than in real practice. Thus, it is important to assess doctors authentic behaviour. This can be achieved by using unannounced SPs. We have previously established the reliability of adolescent SPs in assessing residents professionalism in announced, faculty-observed SP exercises. We decided to determine if residents would display similar levels of professionalism in announced versus unannounced SP encounters. What was done We conducted a prospective repeatmeasures study in a major paediatric residency programme. Twelve adolescent SPs were trained to assess elements of professionalism and rate residents using a Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). A cohort of 16 residents was subjected at random to the following 3 SP exercises:
Speaking robots: The challenges of acceptance by the ageing society

The ability of robots to dialogue with humans appears as one critical Human-Machine Interaction feature when it comes to transferring robots into society. This ability gains additional importance when it comes to elderly people, since they find it more comfortable and natural to interact using voice, due to possible natural physical impairments that hinder the usage of some of the interaction modalities (e.g. touch screens). Challenges like recognition accuracy, distant speech, the idiosyncrasies of elderly voices (fading, muffled pronunciation, etc.), the effects of surrounding environment noise or the expressiveness of the robot when speaking, become highly relevant in the acceptance and usability of service robots by the ageing population. In this paper, we present the results, challenges and solutions developed during a nine-month iterative evaluation process that took place within the GrowMeUp project, with focus on speech recognition and synthesis. The paper concludes with an identification of open scientific and technological problems, based on our interpretation of results, which we identify as critical for the acceptance and usability of robots by an ageing society.
Serial Diffusion Imaging in a Case of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes

Background and Purpose— Most diffusion MRI studies of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode stroke-like lesions report high- or normal-apparent diffusion coefficient, and this has been used to differentiate stroke-like lesion from ischemic stroke. There are, however, 3 recent reports of restricted diffusion in the acute phase of the stroke-like lesions. The purpose of our study was to investigate this apparent paradox. Methods— We performed 9 serial MRI covering 2 stroke-like episodes in a 36-year-old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode caused by the common mitochondrial DNA mutation 3243A>G. Results— We found clear evidence of initial restricted diffusion in the stroke-like lesions, which gradually evolved to high-apparent diffusion coefficient as lesions aged. Evolution was, however, asynchronous with both high- and low-apparent diffusion coefficients temporally coexisting. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that cytotoxic edema does occur early in the course of a stroke-like lesions and that its presence or, conversely, the absence of vasogenic edema, should not weaken the possibility of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode in favor of ischemic stroke.