Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, Second Edition. By F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison. (Pp. 1288; $99.00; ISBN 0195135794.) Oxford University Press: New York. 2007.

Iin this magnificent second edition, Drs. Frederick Goodwin and Kay Redfield Jamison bring their unique contribution to mental health science into the 21st century. In collaboration with a team of other leading scientists, a collaboration designed to preserve the unified voice of the two authors, they exhaustively review the biological and genetic literature that has dominated the field in recent years and incorporate cutting-edge research conducted since publication of the first edition. They also update their surveys of psychological and epidemiological evidence, as well as that pertaining to diagnostic issues, course, and outcome, and they offer practical guidelines for differential diagnosis and clinical management. The medical treatment of manic and depressive episodes is described, strategies for preventing future episodes are given in detail, and psychotherapeutic issues common in this illness are considered. Special emphasis is given to fostering compliance with medication regimens and treating patients who abuse drugs and alcohol or who pose a risk of suicide. This book, unique in the way that it retains the distinct perspective of its authors while assuring the maximum in-depth coverage of a vastly expanded base of scientific knowledge, will be a valuable and necessary addition to the libraries of psychiatrists and other physicians, psychologists, clinical social workers, neuroscientists, pharmacologists, and the patients and families who live with manic-depressive illness.
Analysis of deep brain stimulation electrode characteristics for neural recording

Objective. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems have the potential to optimize treatment of movement disorders by enabling automatic adjustment of stimulation parameters based on a feedback signal. Evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) and local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the DBS electrode may serve as suitable closed-loop control signals. The objective of this study was to understand better the factors that influence ECAP and LFP recording, including the physical presence of the electrode, the geometrical dimensions of the electrode, and changes in the composition of the peri-electrode space across recording conditions. Approach. Coupled volume conductor-neuron models were used to calculate single-unit activity as well as ECAP responses and LFP activity from a population of model thalamic neurons. Main results. Comparing ECAPs and LFPs measured with and without the presence of the highly conductive recording contacts, we found that the presence of these contacts had a negligible effect on the magnitude of single-unit recordings, ECAPs (7% RMS difference between waveforms), and LFPs (5% change in signal magnitude). Spatial averaging across the contact surface decreased the ECAP magnitude in a phase-dependent manner (74% RMS difference), resulting from a differential effect of the contact on the contribution from nearby or distant elements, and decreased the LFP magnitude (25% change). Reductions in the electrode diameter or recording contact length increased signal energy and increased spatial sensitivity of single neuron recordings. Moreover, smaller diameter electrodes (500 µm) were more selective for recording from local cells over passing axons, with the opposite true for larger diameters (1500 µm). Changes in electrode dimensions had phase-dependent effects on ECAP characteristics, and generally had small effects on the LFP magnitude. ECAP signal energy and LFP magnitude decreased with tighter contact spacing (100 µm), compared to the original dimensions (1500 µm), with the opposite effect on the ECAP at longer contact-to-contact distances (2000 µm). Finally, acute edema reduced the single neuron and population ECAP signal energy, as well as LFP magnitude, and glial encapsulation had the opposite effect, after accounting for loss of cells in the peri-electrode space. Significance. This study determined recording conditions and electrode designs that influence ECAP and LFP recording fidelity.
African Americans in Higher Education Special Education: Issues in Recruitment and Retention

African Americans make up more than 25% of the students in special education, but account for less than 10% of the teachers in special education and 5% of the faculty in higher education special education. The reasons for the shortages of African American personnel in special education are diverse, but most can be explained largely in terms of poor academic and financial support. Much has been said of the "leaking academic pipeline that fails to produce African Americans for university faculty positions. This article revisits this issue, identifies glitches in the system, and specifies possible steps to be taken by universities that ultimately would lead to more African American professionals in special education higher education.
Decreased lipid peroxidation following periodontal therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND Although diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease promote atherosclerosis, the relation of oxidative stress with these diseases remains unclear. To investigate the influence of periodontal disease on oxidative stress, we assessed the effects of initial periodontal therapy on lipid peroxide (LPO), an oxidative stress index, in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. METHODS Seventeen subjects with or without type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this intervention study. No patient had a history of cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease. Five type 2 diabetic and six non-diabetic patients, all with moderate to severe periodontal disease, received and completed the initial periodontal therapy and examination. Before and after the therapy, patients underwent medical examinations and blood determinations, including LPO. RESULTS Before the therapy, the periodontal probing depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) were similar between groups. LPO, triglyceride, and white blood cell counts were significantly higher in diabetic than non-diabetic patients. Therapy improved the periodontal parameters in both groups and significantly decreased LPO in diabetic patients. Anti-malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) antibody, a marker of oxidized LDL, significantly decreased with treatment in both groups. Overall, Spearman rank correlation showed no significance between periodontal parameters and LPO or anti-MDA-LDL antibody, but BOP tended to correlate with LPO in diabetic patients (r = 0.585; P = 0.0791). CONCLUSION Although this is a small and preliminary study, and the changes of LPO and anti-MDA-LDL antibody were within the normal range, the initial periodontal therapy significantly decreased LPO, an oxidative stress index, in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
A Novel Approach to DSM-Based Activity Sequencing Problem

Recently, there has been a growing interest in applying the design structure matrix (DSM) for planning projects that consist of many interrelated activities. One important objective of planning is to find an activity sequence so as to minimize the sum of superdiagonal numbers in a DSM. It is known that the problem is NP-complete and is difficult to solve. In this study, we prove several structural properties of the problem, and propose a heuristic for obtaining good feasible solutions. We find that based on the fold operation, a block of activities can be treated as a single activity. A novel hybrid algorithm is then presented for solving large activity sequencing problems. Finally, we perform a number of experiments and show that good solutions can be easily obtained by our approach. Moreover, the improvement achieved by the proposed approach is significant.
Star formation history and dust content of galaxies drawn from ultraviolet surveys

We compile a new sample of 115 nearby, non-Seyfert galaxies spanning a wide range of star formation activities, from starburst to nearly dormant, based on ultraviolet observations with various satellites. We combine these observations with infrared observations to study the relation between ratio of total far-infrared to ultraviolet luminosity and ultraviolet spectral slope (the IRX-UV relation). We show that, at fixed ultraviolet spectral slope, quiescent star-forming galaxies in our sample have systematically lower ratio of total far-infrared to ultraviolet luminosity than starburst galaxies. The strengths of spectral indices sensitive to star formation history, such as the 4000-A spectral discontinuity and the Ha emission equivalent width, correlate well with distance from the mean relation for starburst galaxies in the IRX-UV diagram, while there is little or no correlation between the dust-sensitive Hα/Hβ ratio and this distance. This is strong observational evidence that the star formation history is relevant to the second parameter affecting the IRX-UV relation. We show that these results can be understood in the framework of the simple model of Charlot & Fall for the transfer of starlight through the interstellar medium in galaxies. We confirm that, for starburst galaxies, the tight IRX-UV relation can be understood most simply as a sequence in overall dust content. In addition, we find that the broadening of the relation for quiescent star-forming galaxies can be understood most simply as a sequence in the ratio of present to past-averaged star formation rate. We use a library of Monte Carlo realizations of galaxies with different star formation histories and dust contents to quantify the accuracy to which the ultraviolet attenuation A FUV of a galaxy can be estimated from either the ratio of far-infrared to ultraviolet luminosity or the ultraviolet spectral slope. We provide simple formulae for estimating A FUV as a function of either of these observational quantities and show that the accuracy of these estimates can be significantly improved if some constraints are available on the ratio of present to past-averaged star formation rate.
Protest Through Presence: Spatial Citizenship and Identity Formation in Contestations of Neoliberal Crises

We live in a contested, crisis-prone era, indicative of ongoing processes of neoliberalization. The most recent global financial and food crises have disproportionately impacted those already marginalized in society: people of colour and the working classes. The spatial expressions of this disproportionality are especially acute, evidenced by the uneven distribution of the basic necessities of food and home. Activists in the USA are responding with forms of spatial citizenship, namely exercising their right to peaceably assemble and reclaiming public spaces. During the creation of spaces of dissent, we observe the fluid formation of a collective spatialized identity among social movement actors, contingent on political identities and ideology. We use two cases based in Florida to highlight these processes. The first case is a local iteration of the Occupy Wall Street protests, Occupy Gainesville, which has occupied the city's most central public gathering place, the Bo Diddley Community Plaza. The second case involves Food Not Bombs in the city of Orlando where attempts were made to ban the group from distributing food in public parks to the homeless and working poor. First, these cases highlight the spatiotemporal relationships between unjust economic systems and the state surveillance and policing apparatus and those resisting such systems. Second, they reveal how collective identity influences and in turn is influenced by space. Our article furthers a processual, dynamic understanding of activist mobilizations to reduce the uneven burdens of neoliberalization and argues for greater attention to the spatialities of contentious politics.
A cyclophilin from the polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 is highly homologous to vertebrate cyclophilin B.

A cyclophilin (CyP) purified to homogeneity from the polycentric anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 had a molecular mass of 20.5 kDa and a pI of 8.1. The protein catalyzed the isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-(cis,trans)-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide with a kcat/Km value of 9.3 x 10(6) M-1.s-1 at 10 degrees C and pH 7.8. Cyclosporin A strongly inhibited this peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase activity with an IC50 of 19.6 nM. The sequence of the first 30 N-terminal amino acids of this CyP had high homology with the N-terminal sequences of other eukaryotic CyPs. By use of a DNA hybridization probe amplified by PCR with degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed based on the amino acid sequences of the N terminus of this CyP and highly conserved internal regions of other CyPs, a full-length cDNA clone was isolated. It possessed an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 203 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 21,969, containing a putative hydrophobic signal peptide sequence of 22 amino acids preceding the N terminus of the mature enzyme and a C-terminal sequence, Lys-Ala-Glu-Leu, characteristic of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. The Orpinomyces PC-2 CyP is a typical type B CyP. The amino acid sequence of the Orpinomyces CyP exhibits striking degrees of identity with the corresponding human (70%), bovine (69%), mouse (68%), chicken (66%), maize (61%), and yeast (54%) proteins. Phylogenetic analysis based on the CyP sequences indicated that the evolutionary origin of the Orpinomyces CyP was closely related with CyPs of animals.
A study of self and task performance in childcare centres as perceived by caregivers under local administrative organisations in Thailand

The purpose of this research was to study the opinions toward self and task performance in childcare centres as perceived by caregivers under the jurisdiction of the Local Administrative Organization. The four areas evaluated were caregiver characteristics, task performance, objectives of caregiving and educating young children and problems and obstacles at work. The sample comprised 885 caregivers from 74 provinces in four regions of Thailand who were surveyed using a questionnaire consisting of five sections based on the research framework. Caregivers were predominantly female (98.6%), 34 years old on average and had a bachelor's degree in education (40.8%) or in‐service training (89.9%) in early childhood education. Caregivers perceived that their personality, teaching preparation, method of teaching, human relations and supervision of children during lunch and play were good. They rated their teaching and regular appraisal of children's progress as ‘medium’. Also, at the medium level were activities such as cooking food, planting food and providing parent orientation during the school year. Activities which were not rated highly were raising animals (48.2%) and planning the school curriculum (45.8%). The most frequently ranked objectives in care and educating young children were whole child development (19.27%), promoting morality and ethics (13.20%), children's self care daily activities (12.81%), communicating with and helping parents who work during the day (12.41%) and developing children in the community (9.58%). Problems and obstacles identified were an inadequate budget and unsuitable buildings ( X = 3.28). Pollution ( X = 1.20) was seen as the least of the caregivers' problems, perhaps because it was not rated as impacting on the performance of caregivers' duties or children's health.
Stress and Signaling Responses of Rat Skeletal Muscle to Brief Endurance Exercise During Hindlimb Unloading: a Catch-Up Process for Atrophied Muscle

At times, exercise accompanied by its anabolic effects is not a tractable countermeasure to muscle atrophy. Instead, training is often attempted after the affected muscle has atrophied greatly as a result of unloading. This study was designed to elucidate stress and signaling mechanisms underlying a process of muscle catch-up growth as a result of transitory exercise during unloading. Rats were exercised daily with a routine of 20- or 40-minute treadmill running (at 60% of maximum oxygen uptake) during the second week of a two-week hindlimb suspension. We examined the expression and activation of heat shock proteins and anabolic and proteolytic markers in the rat soleus muscle. Muscle mass relative to body mass decreased 2.4-fold in the unloaded group (HU) with respect to controls but decreased only 1.7-fold in the 40-min trained group (HT40) (P < 0.05) - equivalent to a 1.4-fold increase in the relative muscle mass over HU. Immunoblotting analyses on whole-tissue lysates demonstrated the following: (1) HSP72 and αB-crystallin were upregulated 7- and 2.5-fold, respectively, in HT40 versus HU; (2) phosphorylation of Akt1 and p70/S6K decreased only slightly in HU; (3) when compared to HU, HT40 phosphorylation of Akt1, S6K, and FoxO1 increased 1.4- to 3.0-fold while phosphorylation of FoxO3 was unchanged; and (4) activities of the ubiquitin E3 ligases, calpain 1 and caspase-3 increased 2- to 4-fold in the unloaded groups regardless of exercise duration. These results suggest that the significant upregulation of chaperones and anabolic markers (e.g., HSP72, p-Akt1, p-S6K) in HT40, along with the lack of the training effect on proteolytic activity, is likely crucial for muscle mass catch-up in the unloaded muscle.
Development of Sporulation/Immobilization Method and Its Application for the Continuous Production of Cyclosporin A by Tolypocladium inflatum

An efficient sporulation/immobilization procedure for immobilized fungal cell culture was developed by modifying an existing immobilized technique to shorten the time and number of steps for sporulation. This method was applied to an immobilized‐cell perfusion bioprocess (IPB) for continuous production of CyA, an intracellular secondary metabolite produced by a filamentous fungus, Tolypocladium inflatum. In the IPB, the fungal cells were immobilized in the pores of celite beads (100∼500 μm) and a top‐driven stirred tank fermentor was used for the culture. The IPB showed good process benefits as demonstrated by the high density of immobilized cells continuously producing CyA‐containing free cells. The productivity of CyA‐containing free cells in the effluent was very high, ca. 1.0 g/(L/h) at a dilution rate of 0.1 h−1, due to the high density of immobilized cells in the fermentor. The CyA productivity was 4.0∼6.0 mg/(L/h) which was about 6∼10‐fold higher than that of batch suspended cell culture. Such an efficient IPB was possible since a decantor was developed in this study, which could effectively separate cell‐immobilized beads from the effluent although bead loss slightly increased as the cell loading increased in the latter part of culture. Furthermore, long‐term operation of IPB was carried out successfully by employing an in‐situ immobilization strategy. It was found that a large number of spores in the fermentation broth in the reactor were entrapped in‐situ into the newly supplemented celite beads and then germinated, thus forming new immobilized cells.
The Meaning of Leisure for Chinese/Canadians

This study examined the meaning of leisure for Chinese/Canadians. Participants (N = 35) completed a diary seven times a day for 12 days when a randomly scheduled watch alarm rang. Participants indicated what activity they were doing, whether it was work, leisure, both, or neither, and their motivations for and needs fulfilled by the activity. Participants primarily engaged in passive leisure activities, researchers and participants often differed in whether they deemed the activity leisure, and participants differentiated between leisure and non-leisure in terms of high intrinsic motivation, low effort, and low introjected reward motivation. In contrast with most Western research, perceived freedom was not an important distinguishing factor. A cross-cultural leisure meaning framework was developed to explain these findings.
Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Symptom Reduction in Veterans With PTSD: An Observational Study in a Residential Clinical Setting

Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy were compared for veterans in a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) residential program (N = 51) who received individual EMDR and group CPT, individual CPT and group CPT, or trauma group exposure (TGE) therapy. Analyses revealed an overall significant difference on posttest measures of the PTSD Checklist for individual EMDR/group CPT and individual CPT/group CPT when compared to TGE, with no significant difference found between EMDR and CPT. Depression scores were significantly decreased between pre- and posttest for patients who received individual EMDR/group CPT. Results support EMDR and CPT as clinically effective and complementary treatments in residential PTSD treatment programs.
Does interest matter? The relationship between academic interest and achievement in mathematics

A total of n = 602 students (59.5% female) from academically selected schools in Germany were tested at three time points--end of Grade 7, end of Grade 10, and middle of Grade 12-in order to investigate the relationships between academic interest and achievement in mathematics. In addition, sex differences in achievement, interest, and course selection were analyzed. At the end of Grade 10, students opted for either a basic or an advanced mathematics course. Data analyses revealed sex differences in favor of boys in mathematics achievement, interest, and opting for an advanced mathematics course. Further analyses by means of structural equation modeling show that interest had no significant effect on learning from Grade 7 to Grade 10, but did affect course selection-that is, highly interested students were more likely to choose an advanced course. Furthermore, interest at the end of Grade 10 had a direct and an indirect effect (via course selection) on achievement in upper secondary school. In addition, results suggest that, at least from Grade 7 to Grade 10, achievement affected interest-that is, high achievers expressed more interest than low achievers. The findings underline the importance of interest for academic choices and for self-regulated learning when the instructional setting is less structured.
The White Reality Check and Some of Its Recent Extensions ∗

Halbert White’s A Reality Check for Data snooping (Econometrica, 2000) is a seminal contribution to the literature on comparing a benchmark model against multiple competitors. In the paper, he suggests a novel approach for controlling the overall error rate, thus circumventing the data snooping problem arising when comparing multiple different models. In this chapter, we discuss several recent extensions of the Reality Check approach. In particular, we begin by reviewing some recent techniques for constructing valid bootstrap critical values in the case of nonvanishing parameter estimation error, in the context of recursive estimation schemes, drawing on Corradi and Swanson (2007a). We then review recent extensions of the Reality Check to the evaluation of multiple confidence intervals and predictive densities, for both the case of a known conditional distribution (Corradi and Swanson 2006a,b) and of an unknown conditional distribution (Corradi and Swanson 2007b). Finally, as an original contribution of this chapter, we introduce a novel approach in which forecast combinations are evaluated via the examination of the quantiles of the expected loss distribution. More precisely, we compare models looking at cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of prediction errors, for a given loss function, via the principle of stochastic dominance; and we choose the model whose CDF is stochastically dominated, over some given range of interest. JEL classification: C22, C51.