Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Object-Based Shot Boundary Detection Using Edge Tracing and Tracking

Abstract With the upcoming development of MPEG-7, research in shot boundary detection has become more popular. Traditionally, shot boundary has been detected by measuring the differences between the features of adjacent frames, and the threshold was constructed based on a trial and error basis, which usually achieved an accuracy of nearly 90%. However, the remaining errors were left unresolved. In this paper, we will tackle the problem by using object-based detection, which utilizes information from multiple frames through a time stamp transferring mechanism. Unlike classical techniques, our method can handle a gradual transition of any length. The concept of edge object tracking is developed to track moving objects as well as unbounded objects across the gradual transition scenes. We will also prove that object-based detection is not merely an algorithm that can detect shot boundary, but is superior to traditional indicators for detecting gradual transition. Such a technique works very well with frames containing skipped blocks and is independent of the transition period and the amount of disturbances within the sequence, which cannot be handled by indicators based on adjacent frame comparison.
Comparisons of Two Proteomic Analyses of Non-Mucoid and Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically infects the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The conditions in the CF lung appear to select for P. aeruginosa with advantageous phenotypes for chronic infection. However, the mechanisms that allow the establishment of this chronic infection have not been fully characterized. We have previously reported the transcriptional analysis of two CF isolates strains 383 and 2192. Strain 2192 is a mucoid, alginate overproducing strain whereas strain 383 is non-mucoid. Mucoid strains are associated with chronic infection of the CF lung and non-mucoid strains are the typical initially infecting isolates. To elucidate novel differences between these two strains, we employed two methods of shotgun proteomics: isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). iTRAQ compares the amount of protein between samples and relies on protein abundance, while 2-DE gel electrophoresis depends on selection of separated protein spots. For both these methods, mass spectrometry was then used to identify proteins differentially expressed between the two strains. The compilation of these two proteomic methods along with Western blot analysis revealed proteins of the HSI-I operon of the type 6 secretion system, showed increased expression in 383 compared to 2192, confirming the our previous transcriptional analysis. Proteomic analysis of other proteins did not fully correlate with the transcriptome but other differentially expressed proteins are discussed. Also, differences were noted between the results obtained for the two proteomic techniques. These shotgun proteomic analyses identified proteins that had been predicted only through gene identification; we now refer to these as “proteins of unknown functions” since their existence has now been established however their functional characterization remains to be elucidated.
A comparison of gradient ascent, gradient descent and genetic‐algorithm‐based artificial neural networks for the binary classification problem

Abstract: We compare log maximum likelihood gradient ascent, root‐mean‐square error minimizing gradient descent and genetic‐algorithm‐based artificial neural network procedures for a binary classification problem. We use simulated data and real‐world data sets, and four different performance metrics of correct classification, sensitivity, specificity and reliability for our comparisons. Our experiments indicate that a genetic‐algorithm‐based artificial neural network that maximizes the total number of correct classifications generally fares well for the binary classification problem. However, if the training data set contains inconsistent decisions or noise then the log maximum likelihood maximizing gradient ascent may be the best classification approach to use. The root‐mean‐square minimizing gradient descent approach appears to overfit training data and has the lowest reliability among the approaches considered for our research. At the end of the paper, we provide a few guidelines, including computational complexity, for selection of an appropriate technique for a given binary classification problem.
Cost and cost-effectiveness of an early invasive vs conservative strategy for the treatment of unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

CONTEXT In the Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy (TACTICS)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 18 trial, patients with either unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) treated with the platelet glycoprotein (Gp IIb/IIIa) inhibitor tirofiban had a significantly reduced rate of major cardiac events at 6 months with an early invasive vs a conservative strategy. OBJECTIVE To examine total 6-month costs and long-term cost-effectiveness of an invasive vs a conservative strategy. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial including a priori economic end points. SETTING Hospitalization for UA/NSTEMI with 6-month follow-up period. PATIENTS A total of 2220 patients with UA/NSTEMI; economic data from 1722 patients at US-non-VA hospitals. INTERVENTION Early invasive strategy with routine catheterization and revascularization as appropriate vs a conservative strategy with catheterization performed only for recurrent ischemia or a positive stress test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Total 6-month costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS The average initial hospitalization costs among those in the invasive strategy group were $15714 vs $14047 among those in the conservative strategy group, a difference of $1667 (95% confidence interval [CI], $387-3091). The in-hospital costs were offset significantly at the 6-month follow-up, with an average cost in the invasive group of $6098 vs $7180 in the conservative group, a difference of $1082 (95% CI, -$2051 to $76). The average total costs at 6 months, including productivity costs, for the invasive group was $21 813 vs $21 227 for the conservative group, a $586 difference (95% CI, -$1087 to $2486). The average 6-month costs excluding productivity costs in the invasive group was $19 780 vs $19 111 in the conservative group, a difference of $670, 95% CI; (-$1035 to $2321). Estimated cost per year of life gained for the invasive strategy, based on projected life expectancy, was $12739 for the base case, and ranged from $8371 to $25769, based on model assumptions. CONCLUSIONS In patients with UA/NSTEMI treated with the Gp IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban, the clinical benefit of an early invasive strategy was achieved with a small increase in cost, yielding favorable projected estimates of cost per year of life gained. These results support the broader use of an early invasive strategy in these patients.
Reality Engine graphics

The RealityEngineTM graphics system is the first of a new generation of systems designed primarily to render texture mapped, antialiased polygons. This paper describes the architecture of the RealityEngine graphics system, then justifies some of the decisions made during its design. The implementation is near-massively parallel, employing 353 independent processors in its fullest configuration, resulting in a measured fill rate of over 240 million antialiased, texture mapped pixels per second. Rendering performance exceeds 1 million antialiased, texture mapped triangles per second. In addition to supporting the functions required of a general purpose, high-end graphics workstation, the system enables realtime, "outthe-window" image generation and interactive image processing.
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems

Genome Editing Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) function as part of an adaptive immune system in a range of prokaryotes: Invading phage and plasmid DNA is targeted for cleavage by complementary CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) bound to a CRISPR-associated endonuclease (see the Perspective by van der Oost). Cong et al. (p. 819, published online 3 January) and Mali et al. (p. 823, published online 3 January) adapted this defense system to function as a genome editing tool in eukaryotic cells. A bacterial genome defense system is adapted to function as a genome-editing tool in mammalian cells. [Also see Perspective by van der Oost] Functional elucidation of causal genetic variants and elements requires precise genome editing technologies. The type II prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas adaptive immune system has been shown to facilitate RNA-guided site-specific DNA cleavage. We engineered two different type II CRISPR/Cas systems and demonstrate that Cas9 nucleases can be directed by short RNAs to induce precise cleavage at endogenous genomic loci in human and mouse cells. Cas9 can also be converted into a nicking enzyme to facilitate homology-directed repair with minimal mutagenic activity. Lastly, multiple guide sequences can be encoded into a single CRISPR array to enable simultaneous editing of several sites within the mammalian genome, demonstrating easy programmability and wide applicability of the RNA-guided nuclease technology.
A role for BiP as an adjustor for the endoplasmic reticulum stress-sensing protein Ire1

In the unfolded protein response, the type I transmembrane protein Ire1 transmits an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signal to the cytoplasm. We previously reported that under nonstressed conditions, the ER chaperone BiP binds and represses Ire1. It is still unclear how this event contributes to the overall regulation of Ire1. The present Ire1 mutation study shows that the luminal domain possesses two subregions that seem indispensable for activity. The BiP-binding site was assigned not to these subregions, but to a region neighboring the transmembrane domain. Phenotypic comparison of several Ire1 mutants carrying deletions in the indispensable subregions suggests these subregions are responsible for multiple events that are prerequisites for activation of the overall Ire1 proteins. Unexpectedly, deletion of the BiP-binding site rendered Ire1 unaltered in ER stress inducibility, but hypersensitive to ethanol and high temperature. We conclude that in the ER stress-sensory system BiP is not the principal determinant of Ire1 activity, but an adjustor for sensitivity to various stresses.
Impaired skin wound healing in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARβ mutant mice

We show here that the α, β, and γ isotypes of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) are expressed in the mouse epidermis during fetal development and that they disappear progressively from the interfollicular epithelium after birth. Interestingly, PPARα and β expression is reactivated in the adult epidermis after various stimuli, resulting in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation such as tetradecanoylphorbol acetate topical application, hair plucking, or skin wound healing. Using PPARα, β, and γ mutant mice, we demonstrate that PPARα and β are important for the rapid epithelialization of a skin wound and that each of them plays a specific role in this process. PPARα is mainly involved in the early inflammation phase of the healing, whereas PPARβ is implicated in the control of keratinocyte proliferation. In addition and very interestingly, PPARβ mutant primary keratinocytes show impaired adhesion and migration properties. Thus, the findings presented here reveal unpredicted roles for PPARα and β in adult mouse epidermal repair.
Microscopic changes on morphology of diamond coated dental burs as consequence of multiple uses

Objective:This study evaluated the wear of diamond burs after successive cavity preparations. Materials and Methods:For this purpose, eighty bovine incisors and thirty diamond burs (KG Sorensen) were used. The diamond burs were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the degree of wear before use and after the first, fifth and tenth cavity preparation under constant refrigeration. Scores ranging from zero to four were awarded to the specimens by two calibrated examiners according to the degree of wear found (Kappa = 0.81). The bur wear results were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). Results: SEM revealed that the studied burs showed different and increasing degrees of wear and loss of diamond particles as they were subjected to a larger number of cavity preparations, with significant differences among all groups evaluated. The use of diamond burs after the fifth preparation is questionable. Conclusions: After the tenth cavity preparation, the diamond burs showed severe wear and loss of diamond particles, with exposure of large areas of the metal rod. This number of reuses must therefore be avoided.
Incidence of Bleeding‐Related Complications During Primary Implantation and Replacement of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

Background Use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is increasing. The incidence of bleeding‐related complications during CIED procedures and the association with subsequent infection risk have been studied in trial settings but not in nonrandomized “real‐world” populations. Methods and Results This retrospective database analysis of US insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan database (2009‐2013) evaluated the incidence of bleeding complications during, or in the 30 days following, a CIED procedure and the association between bleeding and subsequent infection in days 31 to 365 of follow‐up. This study identified 42 606 patients who had a primary or replacement CIED procedure and met all inclusion criteria. Incidence of bleeding ranged from 0.58% to 2.81% by type of pharmaceutical therapy. Incidence of infection during days 31 to 365 of follow‐up was significantly higher among patients with a bleeding complication in the first 30 days versus those without (6.56% vs 1.24%, P<0.001), with results upheld in multivariate analysis (HR=2.97, 95% CI 1.94‐4.54, P<0.001). Conclusions This study provides a lower bound of the real‐world incidence of bleeding complications following a CIED procedure within the coding limitations of an insurance claims database. Results confirm the association between bleeding in the pocket and risk of subsequent infection. Further research is needed to precisely identify the costs associated with bleeding in the pocket.
Differential expression of the multidrug resistance-related protein MRP1 in the histological compartments of nephroblastomas.

Nephroblastomas (Wilms' tumors) are curable with survival rates above 80%. Some tumors, however, fail to respond to therapy and those patients have a poor prognosis. In a search for prognostic markers, we investigated the expression of the multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) in 32 nephroblastomas by means of immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results were validated with a real-time RT-PCR technique. MRP1 expression was heterogeneous and predominantly found in the blastemal and epithelial compartments compared to the stromal elements of nephroblastomas. We found significant relationships of MRP1 expression to survival of patients and to expression of p53, HSP70, and LRP/MVP. The relationship between MRP1 and p53 expression is a clue that the transcriptional control of MRP1 by p53 reported for other tumor types may also take place in nephroblastomas. The correlation of MRP1 to other drug resistance genes, e.g. HSP70 and LRP/MVP in nephroblastomas indicates that the co-expression of different drug resistance genes may be under a common regulation of still unknown transcription factors.
A Distributed Merge and Split Algorithm for Fair Cooperation in Wireless Networks

This paper introduces a novel concept from coalitional game theory which allows the dynamic formation of coalitions among wireless nodes. A simple and distributed merge and split algorithm for coalition formation is constructed. This algorithm is applied to study the gains resulting from the cooperation among single antenna transmitters for virtual MIMO formation. The aim is to find an ultimate transmitters coalition structure that allows cooperating users to maximize their utilities while accounting for the cost of coalition formation. Through this novel game theoretical framework, the wireless network transmitters are able to self-organize and form a structured network composed of disjoint stable coalitions. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the average individual user utility by 26.4% as well as cope with the mobility of the distributed users.
A previously unknown reovirus of bat origin is associated with an acute respiratory disease in humans

Respiratory infections constitute the most widespread human infectious disease, and a substantial proportion of them are caused by unknown etiological agents. Reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were first isolated from humans in the early 1950s and so named because they were not associated with any known disease. Here, we report a previously unknown reovirus (named “Melaka virus”) isolated from a 39-year-old male patient in Melaka, Malaysia, who was suffering from high fever and acute respiratory disease at the time of virus isolation. Two of his family members developed similar symptoms ≈1 week later and had serological evidence of infection with the same virus. Epidemiological tracing revealed that the family was exposed to a bat in the house ≈1 week before the onset of the father's clinical symptoms. Genome sequence analysis indicated a close genetic relationship between Melaka virus and Pulau virus, a reovirus isolated in 1999 from fruit bats in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Screening of sera collected from human volunteers on the island revealed that 14 of 109 (13%) were positive for both Pulau and Melaka viruses. This is the first report of an orthoreovirus in association with acute human respiratory diseases. Melaka virus is serologically not related to the different types of mammalian reoviruses that were known to infect humans asymptomatically. These data indicate that bat-borne reoviruses can be transmitted to and cause clinical diseases in humans.
Geometric particle swarm optimization for the sudoku puzzle

Geometric particle swarm optimization (GPSO) is a recentlyintroduced generalization of traditional particle swarm optimization(PSO) that applies to all combinatorial spaces. The aim of thispaper is to demonstrate the applicability of GPSO to non-trivialcombinatorial spaces. The Sudoku puzzle is a perfect candidate totest new algorithmic ideas because it is entertaining andinstructive as well as a non-trivial constrained combinatorialproblem. We apply GPSO to solve the sudoku puzzle.
COMPARISON OF HYDROLOGICALLY BASED INSTREAM FLOW TECHNIQUES IN NEW BRUNSWICK

The conservation and protection of aquatic resources is becoming increasingly important with the present demand for water. The concept of an instream flow or maintenance flow was developed to address this problem. The maintenance flow or instrearn flow requirement relates to the quantity of water required in a watercourse to sustain an acceptable level of aquatic biota at various phases of development. When the discharge of a river or stream is below this instream flow value, no water extraction is allowed. Five hydrologically based instream flow assessment methods were compared for 24 rivers in New Brunswick; (1) Tennant Method; (2) f 25 % mean annual flow (25 %MAF); (3) aquatic base flow -ABF, based on the median monthly flow (Q,) for August; (4) the flow equalled or exceeded 90% of time on a monthly flow duration curve (Q,); and (5) statistical 7-day low flow frequency of a 10-year recurrence interval 7Q10). By comparing the different methods we found that the Q, and 7Q10 methods predicted extremely low instream flows. Resource management decisions based on these extremely low flow predictions could have serious adverse consequences. The Tennant Method, the 25 %MAF, and ABF (based on median monthly flows, Q,) methods were recommended in New Brunswick. Methods based on 25%MAF were better adapted for regional analysis (e.g. ungauged basins as less variability was found in the estimation of this parameter on a province wide basis. For ungauged basins, a regional value of 5.5L/s/km2 was recommended for preliminary instream flow assessments. The ABF method (or Q,) can also be applied in New Brunswick, however, this method is better applied with actual discharge data on the affected river system. On a regional basis, it was determined that the variability in the estimated ABF was about twice those calculated based on the 25%MAF.
Quantification of topic propagation using percolation theory: a study of the icwsm network

Blogs facilitate online debates and discussions for millions of people around the world. Identifying the most popular and prevailing topics discussed in the Blogosphere is a crucial task. This paper describes our novel approach to the quantification of the level of topic propagation in the Blogosphere. It tries to answer one key question: How many people should know about a subject before it becomes prevalent? Our model uses graph-theoretic representations of the Blogosphere’s link structures that allows it to deduce the ‘Percolation Threshold’, which is then used in the quantification and definition of a prevalent or ‘Global’ topic. We applied our approach and analysed the social structure of the ICWSM data collection to find the answer.
Atmospheric Flow Patterns Around the Southern Alps of New Zealand and Implications for Paleoaltimetry

The development of relief may generate leeside rain shadows where precipitation δ18O values are lower due to rainout on the windward side. The magnitude of lowering in paleo‐δ18O sampled from the leeside of a mountain range should, at least, in principle, be related to the elevation of the mountain range. In order for leeside proxies to record the highest elevations, the majority of air masses need to travel up and over the ridge crest before raining out on the leeside. If atmospheric flow patterns around the mountain range are dominated by flow deflection, air masses that reach the leeside are less likely to record the highest elevations. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, we demonstrate that modern atmospheric flow patterns in the Southern Alps of New Zealand are not dominated by flow deflection. The lack of flow deflection around the Southern Alps and the relatively low relief throughout the uplift history supports the use of leeside isotope records to constrain the timing of uplift, and that uplift likely occurred ~5 Ma based on leeside isotope records. In contrast, orogens that are characterized by high elevations and strong flow deflection, like the Sierra Nevada of California, may not be good candidates for leeside isotope‐based paleoaltimetry studies. Ideal candidates for such studies should be characterized by relatively low elevations, low atmospheric flow deflection, and relatively low relief throughout the period of uplift.