Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of calcitonin gene–related peptide in peripheral and central pain mechanisms including migraine

Abstract Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide found primarily in the C and Aδ sensory fibers arising from the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, as well as the central nervous system. Calcitonin gene–related peptide was found to play important roles in cardiovascular, digestive, and sensory functions. Although the vasodilatory properties of CGRP are well documented, its somatosensory function regarding modulation of neuronal sensitization and of enhanced pain has received considerable attention recently. Growing evidence indicates that CGRP plays a key role in the development of peripheral sensitization and the associated enhanced pain. Calcitonin gene–related peptide is implicated in the development of neurogenic inflammation and it is upregulated in conditions of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. It is most likely that CGRP facilitates nociceptive transmission and contributes to the development and maintenance of a sensitized, hyperresponsive state not only of the primary afferent sensory neurons but also of the second-order pain transmission neurons within the central nervous system, thus contributing to central sensitization as well. The maintenance of a sensitized neuronal condition is believed to be an important factor underlying migraine. Recent successful clinical studies have shown that blocking the function of CGRP can alleviate migraine. However, the mechanisms through which CGRP may contribute to migraine are still not fully understood. We reviewed the role of CGRP in primary afferents, the dorsal root ganglion, and in the trigeminal system as well as its role in peripheral and central sensitization and its potential contribution to pain processing and to migraine.
Physical fitness influences stress reactions to extreme military training.

BACKGROUND Physical fitness and physical conditioning have long been valued by the military for their roles in enhancing mission-specific performance and reducing risk of injury in the warfighter. It is not known whether physical fitness plays a causal role in attenuating acute military stress reactions or the evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether physical fitness influences the impact of stressful events during military survival training in 31 men. METHODS Participants self-reported their most recent Physical Readiness Test scores and completed a trait anxiety measure before survival training. Participants also completed the Impact of Events Scale (IES) 24 hours after training. RESULTS Aerobic fitness was inversely associated with the total IES score (p < 0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.19). When adjusted for trait anxiety, this relationship was substantially attenuated and no longer significant (p = 0.11). Trait anxiety was inversely associated with aerobic fitness (p < 0.05) and positively related to IES (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness may buffer stress symptoms secondary to extreme military stress and its effects may be mediated via fitness-related attenuations in trait anxiety.
Pathways to quiescence: SHARDS view on the star formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.5

We present star formation histories (SFHs) for a sample of 104 massive (stellar mass M > 10^10 M_⊙) quiescent galaxies (MQGs) at z = 1.0–1.5 from the analysis of spectrophotometric data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) and HST/WFC3 G102 and G141 surveys of the GOODS-North field, jointly with broad-band observations from ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (far-IR). The sample is constructed on the basis of rest-frame UVJ colours and specific star formation rates (sSFRs = SFR/Mass). The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of each galaxy are compared to models assuming a delayed exponentially declining SFH. A Monte Carlo algorithm characterizes the degeneracies, which we are able to break taking advantage of the SHARDS data resolution, by measuring indices such as MgUV and D4000. The population of MQGs shows a duality in their properties. The sample is dominated (85 per cent) by galaxies with young mass-weighted ages, t_M t_M 1.0, when our galaxies were 0.5–1.0 Gyr old. According to these SFHs, all the MQGs experienced a luminous infrared galaxy phase that lasts for ∼500 Myr, and half of them an ultraluminous infrared galaxy phase for ∼100 Myr. We find that the MQG population is almost assembled at z ∼ 1, and continues evolving passively with few additions to the population.
User Concept Pattern Discovery Using Relevance Feedback And Multiple Instance Learning For Content-Based Image Retrieval

Understanding and learning the subjective aspect of humans in Content-Based Image Retrieval has been an active research field during the past few years. However, how to effectively discover users' concept patterns when there are multiple visual features existing in the retrieval system still remains a big issue. In this paper, we propose a multimedia data mining framework that incorporates Multiple Instance Learning into the user relevance feedback in a seamless way to discover the concept patterns of users, especially where the user's most interested region and how to map the local feature vector of that region to the high-level concept pattern of users. This underlying mapping can be progressively discovered through the feedback and learning procedure. The role user plays in the retrieval system is to guide the system mining process to his/her own focus of attention. The retrieval performance is tested under a couple of conditions.
Reading achievement: a comparison of inclusion, pull-out, and combined approaches for students with learning disabilities

Ethel J. Jones Reading Achievement: A Comparison of Inclusion, Pull-Out, and Combined Approaches for Students with Learning Disabilities 2002 Dr. Joy Xin Special Education Graduate Program More children are referred for special needs because of their reading problems than in any other areas, and concerns on programs to assist students with learning disabilities were raised, (Bos & Vaughn, 1993). The purpose of this study was to examine if these students would gain reading achievements when they were instructed in an inclusive, pull-out, or combined program. A total of 36 students with learning disabilities from grades 2 and 3 participated in this study. They were enrolled in inclusion, pull-out, and combined programs respectively. The pretest and posttest of the Jerry L. Johns Basic Reading Inventory were administered to determine if any significant differences among the 3 groups. The results show that the reading achievement of the 3 groups on Word Recognition in Isolation and Word Recognition in Context were not significant.
HPV16 Down-Regulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 to Promote Epithelial Invasion in Organotypic Cultures

Cervical cancer is a multi-stage disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection of cervical epithelial cells, but the mechanisms regulating disease progression are not clearly defined. Using 3-dimensional organotypic cultures, we demonstrate that HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins alter the secretome of primary human keratinocytes resulting in local epithelial invasion. Mechanistically, absence of the IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) caused increases in IGFI/II signalling and through crosstalk with KGF/FGFR2b/AKT, cell invasion. Repression of IGFBP2 is mediated by histone deacetylation at the IGFBP2 promoter and was reversed by treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Our in vitro findings were confirmed in 50 invasive cancers and 79 cervical intra-epithelial neoplastic lesions caused by HPV16 infection, where IGFBP2 levels were reduced with increasing disease severity. In summary, the loss of IGFBP2 is associated with progression of premalignant disease, and sensitises cells to pro-invasive IGF signalling, and together with stromal derived factors promotes epithelial invasion.
Estimation Algorithm for Mixture of Experts Recurrent Event Model

This paper proposes a mixture of experts recurrent events model. This general model accommodates an unobservable frailty variable, intervention effect, influence of accumulating event occurrences, and covariate effects. A latent class variable is utilized to deal with a heterogeneous population and associated covariates. A homogeneous nonparametric baseline hazard and heterogeneous parametric covariate effects are assumed. Maximum likelihood principle is employed to obtain parameter estimates. Since the frailty variable and latent classes are unobserved, an estimation procedure is derived through the EM algorithm. A simulated data set is generated to illustrate the data structure of recurrent events for a heterogeneous population. INDEX WORDS: Recurrent events, Mixture of experts, Accumulating events, Frailty, Effective age ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR MIXTURE OF EXPERTS RECURRENT EVENT MODEL
Attitude Control of Underactuated Multibody Spacecraft Chunlei Rui

A three dimensional reorientation problem for an underactuated multi-body spacecraft is studied. Formulae for approximating the change in orientation of the base body of the spacecraft, induced by appropriately constructed small amplitude periodic joint motions, are derived. These formulae are used to construct joint motions that cause a desired reorientation maneuver to be performed within a prescribed accuracy. The computation of these joint motions requires solving a system of simple linear algebraic equations and can be eeciently implemented on-line.
Binary Invasive Weed Optimization

Recently, a new evolutionary algorithm for optimization in continuous spaces called Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) was introduced. Since IWO employs a real-valued vector representation, the question arises whether it can also be used for problem domains that need a binary encoding. This paper introduces a binary IWO (BinIWO) concept in which the weeds and seeds are defined as bitstrings. The reproduction operation determines the offspring in a normally distributed neighborhood in the space of bitstrings. Thereby, the normal distribution is not defined over the bitstrings, but over the number of bits to be different in the offspring. BinIWO is applied to four typical benchmark functions known from literature and exhibits promising results.
Learning Styles and Overall Academic Achievement in a Specific Educational System

Experts assert that individuals enjoy various learning styles. In many cases what is being taught has a less impact on learners’ achievement than the way materials are presented. In other words, learning styles make an important component in the learning environment. The Learning Styles Survey (LSS), employed in this study, appears to be a viable tool to determine students’ learning style. The present study is an investigation of the relationship between learning styles and overall academic achievement. In order to investigate this relationship a total of 317 students participated in this survey study. The Learning Styles Survey (LSS) instrument which is based on Joy Reid’s Perceptual Learning-Style Preference Questionnaire (1987) was used. The statistical procedures employed in this study were one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The analyses of the data indicated a significant relationship between overall academic achievement and learning styles. It was also found that the high, moderate and low achievers have a similar preference pattern of learning in all learning styles. Moreover, the learning styles framework does not change with subjects, where it actually plays an important role across all the subjects. Therefore, the results here suggest avenues of future research to understand this phenomenon.
Is the use of cholesterol in mortality risk algorithms in clinical guidelines valid? Ten years prospective data from the Norwegian HUNT 2 study

Rationale, aims and objectives Many clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention contain risk estimation charts/calculators. These have shown a tendency to overestimate risk, which indicates that there might be theoretical flaws in the algorithms. Total cholesterol is a frequently used variable in the risk estimates. Some studies indicate that the predictive properties of cholesterol might not be as straightforward as widely assumed. Our aim was to document the strength and validity of total cholesterol as a risk factor for mortality in a well-defined, general Norwegian population without known CVD at baseline. Methods We assessed the association of total serum cholesterol with total mortality, as well as mortality from CVD and ischaemic heart disease (IHD), using Cox proportional hazard models. The study population comprises 52 087 Norwegians, aged 20–74, who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2, 1995–1997) and were followed-up on cause-specific mortality for 10 years (510 297 person-years in total). Results Among women, cholesterol had an inverse association with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–0.99 per 1.0 mmol L−1 increase] as well as CVD mortality (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.88–1.07). The association with IHD mortality (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.92–1.24) was not linear but seemed to follow a ‘U-shaped’ curve, with the highest mortality <5.0 and ≥7.0 mmol L−1. Among men, the association of cholesterol with mortality from CVD (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98–1.15) and in total (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93–1.03) followed a ‘U-shaped’ pattern. Conclusion Our study provides an updated epidemiological indication of possible errors in the CVD risk algorithms of many clinical guidelines. If our findings are generalizable, clinical and public health recommendations regarding the ‘dangers’ of cholesterol should be revised. This is especially true for women, for whom moderately elevated cholesterol (by current standards) may prove to be not only harmless but even beneficial.
Effects of in-Season Short-Term Plyometric Training Program on Leg Power, Jump- and Sprint Performance of Soccer Players

Chelly, MS, Ghenem, MA, Abid, K, Hermassi, S, Tabka, Z, and Shephard, RJ. Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 2670-2676, 2010-Our hypothesis was that the addition of an 8-week lower limb plyometric training program (hurdle and depth jumping) to normal in-season conditioning would enhance measures of competitive potential (peak power output [PP], jump force, jump height, and lower limb muscle volume) in junior soccer players. The subjects (23 men, age 19 ± 0.7 years, body mass 70.5 ± 4.7 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.06 m, body fat 14.7 ± 2.6%) were randomly assigned to a control (normal training) group (Gc; n = 11) and an experimental group (Gex, n = 12) that also performed biweekly plyometric training. A force-velocity ergometer test determined PP. Characteristics of the squat jump (SJ) and the countermovement jump (CMJ) (jump height, maximal force and velocity before take-off, and average power) were determined by force platform. Video-camera kinematic analyses over a 40-m sprint yielded running velocities for the first step (VS), the first 5 m (V5m) and between 35 and 40 m (Vmax). Leg muscle volume was estimated using a standard anthropometric kit. Gex showed gains relative to controls in PP (p < 0.01); SJ (height p < 0.01; velocity p < 0.001), CMJ (height p < 0.001; velocity p < 0.001, average power p < 0.01) and all sprint velocities (p < 0.001 for V5m and Vmax, p < 0.01 for VS). There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in thigh muscle volume, but leg muscle volume and mean thigh cross-sectional area remain unchanged. We conclude that biweekly plyometric training of junior soccer players (including adapted hurdle and depth jumps) improved important components of athletic performance relative to standard in-season training. Accordingly, such exercises are highly recommended as part of an annual soccer training program.
Specificity of RGS10A as a key component in the RANKL signaling mechanism for osteoclast differentiation

Significant progress has been made in studies of the mechanisms by which RANKL induces terminal osteoclast differentiation. However, many crucial details in the RANKL-evoked signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation remain to be defined. We characterized genes specifically expressed in osteoclasts by differential screening of a human osteoclastoma cDNA library, and found that the regulator of G-protein signaling 10A (RGS10A), but not the RGS10B isoform, was specifically expressed in human osteoclasts. The expression of RGS10A is also induced by RANKL in osteoclast precursors and is prominently expressed in mouse osteoclast-like cells. RGS10A silencing by RNA interference blocked intracellular [Ca2+]i oscillations, the expression of NFAT2, and osteoclast terminal differentiation in both bone marrow cells and osteoclast precursor cell lines. Reintroduction of RGS10A rescued the impaired osteoclast differentiation. RGS10A silencing also resulted in premature osteoclast apoptosis. RGS10A silencing affected the RANKL-[Ca2+]i oscillation-NFAT2 signaling pathway but not other RANKL-induced responses. Our data demonstrate that target components of RGS10A are distinct from those of RGS12 in the RANKL signaling mechanism. Our results thus show the specificity of RGS10A as a key component in the RANKL-evoked signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation, which may present a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
A graph-based approach for semantic similar word retrieval

Semantic relatedness or semantic similarity between words is an important basic issue for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as sentence retrieval, word sense disambiguation, question answering, and so on. This research issue attracts many researchers, but most of studies focus on improving the effectiveness, i.e., applying kinds of techniques to improve precision (effectiveness) but not efficiency. To tackle the problem, we propose to address the efficiency issue, that how to efficiently find top-k most semantic similar words to the query for a given dataset. This issue is very important for real applications especially for current big data. Efficient graph-based approaches on searching top-k semantic similar words are proposed in this paper. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can perform significantly better than baseline method.
HyComp: A hybrid cache compression method for selection of data-type-specific compression methods

Proposed cache compression schemes make design-time assumptions on value locality to reduce decompression latency. For example, some schemes assume that common values are spatially close whereas other schemes assume that null blocks are common. Most schemes, however, assume that value locality is best exploited by fixed-size data types (e.g., 32-bit integers). This assumption falls short when other data types, such as floating-point numbers, are common. This paper makes two contributions. First, HyComp — a hybrid cache compression scheme — selects the best-performing compression scheme, based on heuristics that predict data types. Data types considered are pointers, integers, floating-point numbers and the special (and trivial) case of null blocks. Second, this paper contributes with a compression method that exploits value locality in data types with predefined semantic value fields, e.g., as in the exponent and the mantissa in floating-point numbers. We show that HyComp, augmented with the proposed floating-point-number compression method, offers superior performance in comparison with prior art.
Four new Aphodius Illiger from pocket gopher burrows in Arizona, Utah, Kansas and Nebraska (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)

We describe four new species of winter-active Aphodius (sensu lato) from pocket gopher burrows in Arizona, Utah, Kansas, and Nebraska: A. caccabatus, A. paulseni, A. skillmani, and A. utopensis. Diagnostic characters of all four species are illustrated.
Azithromycin in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Treatment strategies for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease include antibiotics, mucolytics, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Increasing evidence suggests that macrolide antibiotics might be beneficial in patients with CF. OBJECTIVE To determine if an association between azithromycin use and pulmonary function exists in patients with CF. DESIGN AND SETTING A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from December 15, 2000, to May 2, 2002, at 23 CF care centers in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Of the 251 screened participants with a diagnosis of CF, 185 (74%) were randomized. Eligibility criteria included age 6 years or older, infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 1 or more years, and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 30% or more. Participants were stratified by FEV1 (> or =60% predicted vs <60% predicted), weight of less than 40 kg vs 40 kg or more, and CF center. INTERVENTION The active group (n = 87) received 250 mg (weight <40 kg) or 500 mg (weight > or =40 kg) of oral azithromycin 3 days a week for 168 days; placebo group (n = 98) received identically packaged tablets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in FEV1 from day 0 to completion of therapy at day 168 and determination of safety. Secondary outcomes included pulmonary exacerbations and weight gain. RESULTS The azithromycin group had a mean 0.097-L (SD, 0.26) increase in FEV1 at day 168 compared with 0.003 L (SD, 0.23) in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.094 L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.023-0.165; P =.009). Nausea occurred in 17% more participants in the azithromycin group (P =.01), diarrhea in 15% more (P =.009), and wheezing in 13% more (P =.007). Participants in the azithromycin group had less risk of experiencing an exacerbation than participants in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.95; P =.03) and weighed at the end of the study an average 0.7 kg more than participants receiving placebo (95% CI, 0.1-1.4 kg; P =.02). CONCLUSION Azithromycin treatment was associated with improvement in clinically relevant end points and should be considered for patients with CF who are 6 years or older and chronically infected with P aeruginosa.
Moral Order And Social Disorder The American Search For Civil Society

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Being There? The Role of Journalistic Legwork Across New and Traditional Media

In the age of spirited debates about the mediating role of technologies, the other side of the coin is the state of direct experience in contemporary news production, that is, cases in which news reporters still rely on traditional channels such as “legwork,” “firsthand witnessing,” or “shoe-leather reporting. ” The present study is a systematic attempt to identify journalists’ reasons for engaging in legwork, by recreating item by item the work processes and reasoning behind hundreds of individual news reports produced in the digital age, across Israeli print, television, radio, and online news outlets (N = 859). Insofar as legwork can serve as a proxy for painstaking journalism, journalists’ decisions make some difference in determining if more or less legwork will ensue. The data avail an opportunity to explore scholarly musings about journalists’ motivations behind legwork: be they knowledge related, medium related, or event related. We find support for all three possibilities and discuss the implications of these findings.