Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation of a minority electron mobility enhancement in degenerately doped p‐type GaAs

The variation of minority electron mobility with doping density in p+‐GaAs has been measured with the zero‐field time‐of‐flight technique. The results from a series of nine GaAs films doped between 1×1018 and 8×1019 cm−3 show the mobility decreasing from 1950 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 1×1018 cm−3 to 1370 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 9×1018 cm−3. For the doping range 9×1018–8×1019 cm−3, the decreasing trend in mobility is reversed. The measured mobility of 3710 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 8×1019 cm−3 is about three times higher than the measured value at 9×1018 cm−3. These results confirm and extend recent transistor‐based measurements and are in accord with recent theoretical predictions that attribute the increase in minority electron mobility in p+‐GaAs to reductions in plasmon and carrier‐carrier scattering at high hole densities.
In vivo adherence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to mucosal external surfaces of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry.

The adherence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to surfaces of epithelial tissues has been inconclusively suggested as a mechanism, which enables the bacterium to invade the host. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the adherence of the cells of two colony phenotypes, smooth and rough, of F. psychrophilum to mucosal tissues of rainbow trout fry and to test the skin mucus as a nutrient for the growth of F. psychrophilum. Fish were immersed in water containing 106 CFU mL-1 F. psychrophilum for each colony phenotype. Mucosal tissue samples from fins, gills, skin and eyes, and swab samples from spleen and kidney were taken and inoculated onto TYES agar plates. Colony phenotypes of F. psychrophilum were identified and number of colonies counted. The results showed that cells of both phenotypes initially (0 h) adhered to all mucosal surfaces, but only the rough cells were still present on tissues 1 h post-immersion. Both phenotypes showed a tissue tropism with the fin tissue being the most adhered. Furthermore, skin mucus promoted the growth of both colony phenotypes. We suggest that the growth of F. psychrophilum cells in skin mucus apparently facilitates the bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces, and the subsequent invasion into the host.
Understanding outsourcing partnership: a comparison of three theoretical perspectives

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to building a successful partnership between the customer and supplier of the information systems (IS) outsourcing services. The sources of influence in successful information services outsourcing partnerships were explored by means of a study of Korean firms involved in such activity. Six major partnership-related variables were identified, and three alternative models were formulated based on 1) a behavioral-attitudinal theory which considered mutual benefits, commitment, and predisposition as intervening variables between the action-based factors of shared knowledge, mutual dependency and organizational linkage, and outsourcing success; 2) a simple direct effects model without such intervening variables; and 3) a model is based on a theory of reasoned action where the roles of the need-based psychological factors and the action-based factors were reversed. The three models were compared using a survey of 225 organizations in Korea that have outsourced their IS functions to external service providers. The findings indicate that the first model built on the behavioral-attitudinal theory best explained outsourcing success.
A Call for Agonism: GIS and the Politics of Collaboration

This paper examines the increasing use of geographic information systems (GIS) to support the project of ‘collaborative’ planning. Specifically, I explore the ways in which the use of GIS in collaborative planning programs works to counteract and/or reproduce patterns of marginalization always present in local political struggles. Through a review of the literature and an analysis of a case study of the use of GIS in rural water resource management, I argue that the discourse and practices of collaboration can often lead to a problematic depoliticization of GIS. Furthermore, I show how this depoliticization can normalize both uneven power dynamics and the marginalization of alternative and oppositional perspectives. I employ this case study as a backdrop to propose an alternative practice of participatory GIS motivated by Mouffe's notion of ‘agonistic pluralism’. This practice of agonistic participatory GIS is designed to foreground, rather than obscure, the politics of spatial knowledge production by explicitly juxtaposing alternative understandings of space and spatial problems. I conclude by discussing the importance of this work to the critical and participatory GIS research agendas.
Identification of a novel 16S rRNA gene variant of Actinomyces funkei from six patients with purulent infections.

Little is known about the clinical significance and laboratory diagnosis of Actinomyces funkei. In this report we describe six clinical cases where A. funkei was isolated from purulent, polymicrobial infections. Conventional identification procedures were compared with molecular methods including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique. Analysis of the full 16S rRNA gene sequence of the six investigated strains revealed differences from the A. funkei type strain. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the clinical strains represent a novel 16S rRNA gene variant within the species of A. funkei.
NAMES AND NAMING IN MENDI

Mendi is identified by at least two names : the descent-name first, followed by one or more personal names. The usages connected with the descent-name will be described elsewhere, and in this paper I proposed to discuss only the adoption and use of personal names. Mendi women bear their children in small huts situated in the scrub some little distance from their houses. The birth-hut (shobosh-ant) is built by the woman's husband. It is usually circular, about seven feet in diameter, and not high enough for the occupant to stand upright. It is similar in form to the menstruationseclusion hut (nonkon bulim ant), but the latter is not used for births. The birth-hut is built specially for the purpose but may be used more than once, particularly if a woman goes into labour prematurely before her husband has time to construct her own house. While in labour the woman is alone and unassisted. Her female kin and co-wives may bring her food and may comfort her from outside, but they do not enter the hut until the birth has taken place. In cases of difficult birth the woman must fight it out alone even if she and the child both die in the attempt. The reason given is that a birth is concerned with the genitals, and these are so unclean that not even in such an emergency as this would anyone touch them. It was explained that they touch each other and their food with their hands, and to do so after touching the genitals of a woman in childbirth would be quite unthinkable. The umbilical cord is cut by the mother with a bamboo knife, leaving a stump about two inches long. Until this shrivels up and the sore heals, the child is katn-pera and not fit to be seen, because it is ko (disgusting, unclean). The mother stays in the birth-hut for about eight days after the birth and then returns to her own house. People say that no one but she sees the child for the first month, but by this they mean merely that during that time the child is not deliberately shown to or examined by anyone but the mother. There is so little real privacy in Mendi life even in a women's-house that it would be almost impossible to observe this rule with any strictness. After the first month the mother, who until then has kept pretty much to her house, begins to show her new child to the other women and to a few of her own and her husband's male kin. The last person to whom it is formally shown is the father himself, when he gives the first name. This, at least, is regarded as the normal sequence of events. In fact, the father (or some other relative) may start referring to the still-secluded infant as riandap (" the unseen one ") and Nandap may become generally accepted as the child's official name. On the other hand, the father may not name the child for several months, and the infant will be referred to as ibun kank mbi na wi (" his little nameless one ") ; here again, popular usage can forestall the parents and Mbinawi, or " Nameless " may become the child's permanent name*
Rate–Interference Tradeoff in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems

In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between increasing the secondary users' (SUs) transmission rate and reducing the interference levels at the primary users (PUs) for orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-based cognitive radio systems. To achieve this target, we formulate a generalized multiobjective optimization (MOOP) problem that jointly maximizes the transmission rate of the SU and minimizes the cochannel interference (CCI) and adjacent channel interference (ACI) to existing PUs. We additionally constrain the allowed CCI and ACI to the PUs to guarantee the PUs' protection from harmful interference. The MOOP problem is solved by linearly combining the normalized competing objective functions - through weighting coefficients - into a single objective function. Prior work in the literature that maximizes the SU transmission rate can be considered as a special case of the generalized MOOP problem by setting the weighting coefficients associated with interference minimization to zero. Since estimating the full channel state information (CSI) of the links between the SU transmitter and the PU receivers is practically challenging, we assume only partial CSI knowledge of these links. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and quantify the SU performance loss due to incomplete CSI knowledge. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is compared with state-of-the-art techniques, and our performance results show that the proposed algorithm is more energy aware, yet with reduced complexity.
An Evaluation of Teaching Introductory Geomorphology using Computer-based Tools

This paper compares student reactions to traditional teaching approaches with those that also include computer-based components. The traditional teaching approach involved lectures, assigned readings from a textbook and a variety of hands-on exercises. As a supplement to the traditional approach, students also utilised computerbased tools. One of the computer-based tools was a prepackaged CD-ROM to complement the textbook readings. The second computer tool, used in the laboratory component of the course, was a simplified geographical information system (GIS) interface to create digital descriptions of landforms. The results show that students found both the CD-ROM- and the GIS-based exercises valuable forms of instruction when used in combination with the traditional methods.
INTEGRATING CONTEXT FOR INFORMATION FUSION : AUTOMATING INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD

Terrain information supplies an important context for ground operations. The layout of terrain is a determining factor in arraying of forces, both friendly and enemy, and the structuring of Courses of Action (COAs). For example, key terrain, such as a bridge over an unfordable river, or terrain that allows observation of the opposing forces line of advance, is likely to give a big military advantage to the force that holds it. Combining information about terrain features with hypotheses about enemy assets can lead to inferences about possible avenues of approach, areas that provide cover and concealment, areas that are vulnerable to enemy observation, or choke points. Currently, intelligence officers manually combine terrainbased information, information about the tactical significance of certain terrain features as well as information regarding enemy assets and doctrine to form hypotheses about the disposition of enemy forces and enemy intent. In this paper, we present a set of algorithms and tools for automating terrain analysis and compare their results with those of experienced intelligence analysts.
The Influence of Object Relative Size on Priming and Explicit Memory

We investigated the effects of object relative size on priming and explicit memory for color photos of common objects. Participants were presented with color photos of pairs of objects displayed in either appropriate or inappropriate relative sizes. Implicit memory was assessed by speed of object size ratings whereas explicit memory was assessed by an old/new recognition test. Study-to-test changes in relative size reduced both priming and explicit memory and had large effects for objects displayed in large vs. small size at test. Our findings of substantial size-specific influences on priming with common objects under some but not other conditions are consistent with instance views of object perception and priming but inconsistent with structural description views.
Sleep, Dreams and memory: an overview

SUMMARY Investigations into the role played by sleep in information processing have consistently shown that the retention of information is better when the memory storage is followed by a period of sleep than of waking. Less definitive evidence, however, is available as to whether the better performance is mainly due to (a) reduction of interference during sleep, (b) slowing down of decay, or (c) consolidation processes at work during sleep. Important insights as to whether consolidation takes place during sleep have recently been provided by the thematic continuity of dreams elaborated in the same night and by the repeated incorporation of pre‐sleep stimuli into dream contents. The analysis of such aspects of dreaming indicates that the items of information which are repeatedly accessed during sleep and elaborated for insertion into the ongoing dream experience are better retained at delayed recall. Finally, it is suggested that the use of the strategies applied in studying the information processing in normals may also be extended to sleep‐disturbed individuals, in order to establish how memory functioning during sleep is influenced by sleep disturbances.
Physical function and quality of well-being in fibromyalgia: the applicability of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis

Objective: The goodness-of-fit hypothesis suggests that the effectiveness of a coping strategy depends on the match between type of strategy (problem-focused, emotion-focused) and the level of perceived control. This hypothesis was examined as a predictor of physical functioning and quality of well-being (QWB) in a large sample of women with fibromyalgia. Methods: Participants were 478 women with diagnosed fibromyalgia (Mage = 54.31, SD = 11.2), who were part of a larger intervention in which no intervention effects were found. Hierarchical, mixed selection regressions were performed to determine whether the relationship between coping and control-predicted physical functioning and QWB. Results: Participants who reported having lower levels of perceived control over their fibromyalgia syndrome and who engaged in more self-controlling coping (emotion-focused strategy) experienced greater QWB and physical functioning than those who used less self-controlling coping. Various main effects for coping and perceived control were also found. Level of physical functioning was also related to escape-avoidance, distancing, and perceived control. The level of QWB was related to social-support seeking, accepting responsibility, distancing, problem-solving, and perceived control. Conclusions: This study provides a greater understanding of the relationships among coping, perceived control, physical functioning, and well-being for women with fibromyalgia. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Explaining Green Purchasing Behavior

Abstract This study examines the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior to green purchasing behavior in the Chinese and American cultural settings. To this end, consumers in Shanghai and Los Angeles were surveyed and the relevant structural equation modeling analysis indicates the satisfactory external validity of the model in explaining eco-friendly purchases of the Chinese and American consumers. Despite the general universality of the model, the cross-group analysis highlights that both subjective norm and perceived behavioral control exert stronger influences on Chinese consumers' behavioral intention than on American consumers. Moreover, the translation of green purchasing intention to corresponding behavior is found to be more effective in the American sample. These cross-group variances are likely to be attributed to cultural differences and discrepancies in the environmental development of the two nations, and would provide policy makers and green marketers useful insights into fine-tuning their pervasive and intervening strategies.
Subdimensions of Adolescent Belonging in High School

Adolescents' sense of belonging in high school may serve a protective function, linking school-based relationships to positive youth outcomes. To advance the study of sense of belonging, we conducted a mixed method, factor analytic study (Phase 1 focus groups, N = 72; Phase 2 cross-sectional survey, N = 890) to explore the multidimensionality of the sense of belonging construct. Findings suggest that adolescents' sense of belonging involves four distinct school-experience factors: Generalized connection to teachers; connection to a specific teacher; identification and participation in official school-sanctioned activities; and perception of fitting in with peers. Future research should investigate the validity of the proposed sense of belonging subdimensions and longitudinally examine the form and function of disparate adolescent school-based relationships in relation to academic engagement or disengagement processes.
Distribution of alpha‐ 1 ‐antitrypsin phenotypes in Serbian newborns and children with liver disease

speci c symptom that could have suggested the diagnosis (2, 3). Our two patients had two completely different clinical courses. The rapid improvement described for patient 1 leads to the question of whether or not treating such non-immunocompromised patients is necessary. In non-immunocompromised paediatric cases, there is no consensus on treatment and diverse therapeutic strategies exist (3, 4). Despite this diversity, the outcome in children is generally favourable. Patient 2 suffered a recurrence of the endobronchial granuloma, which required surgical treatment. In this situation one could say that the prescribed treatment was not the most appropriate one for Mycobacterium avium complex lung infection. This case dates back to 1989, when the new macrolides, such as clarithromycin and the new rifampicine molecule rifabutin were not yet available. The regimen of only two drugs could explain the complicated course and the necessity to perform a surgical adenectomy. It is also possible that our patient suffered from a selected immune de ciency such as mutations in the interferon-gamma receptor or interleukin-12 receptor whose role has been demonstrated in NTM infection (5). In the absence of immunosuppression or pre-existing pulmonary pathology, NTM can cause pulmonary infection in children with manifestations that mimic primary tuberculosis. This report requires further investigation to determine an optimal therapeutic strategy based on clinical evaluation and the existence of a possible underlying inherited immune de ciency.
Procrastination at Work and Time Management Training

Abstract The author examined the impact of time management training on self-reported procrastination. In an intervention study, 37 employees attended a 1 1/2-day time management training seminar. A control group of employees (n = 14) who were awaiting training also participated in the study to control for expectancy effects. One month after undergoing time management training, trainees reported a significant decrease in avoidance behavior and worry and an increase in their ability to manage time. The results suggest that time management training is helpful in lessening worry and procrastination at work.
The Discretionary Use of Electronic Media

Communicating negative information to subordinates is one of the more discomforting managerial responsibilities. Yet managers frequently have to make tough decisions which sometimes result in unfavorable outcomes for subordinates. Managers may be lured into using electronic media to distance themselves from the victim(s) of the bad news. A consequence of this choice may be more negative employee reactions than is necessary. We present four considerations balancing efficiency of communication with sensitivity to the impact, increasing employee acceptance of undesired outcomes.
Performance-Related Pay and the Crowding Out of Motivation in the Public Sector: A Randomized Field Experiment

This article advances our understanding of the effects of monetary rewards on public employee performance and of the contingencies that may moderate these effects. In a randomized control-group experiment with nurses working at a local health authority in Italy, performance-related pay (PRP) had a larger effect on task performance when the rewards were kept secret than when they were disclosed. The negative interaction between PRP and visibility was stronger among participants who were exposed to direct contact with a beneficiary of their efforts, which heightened their perception of making a positive difference in other people's lives. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions that monetary incentives for activities with a prosocial impact may crowd out employee image motivation. There were no crowding-out effects when a symbolic reward was substituted for the monetary incentive.
Assessment of Attention: Teachers' Rating Scales and Measures of Selective Attention

The major objective of the study was to examine the relationship between teachers' rating of attention of their students and the performance of those students on three tests of selective attention. A new attention checklist was used for obtaining teachers' ratings of attention. The teachers rated 49 students in third- to sixth-grade classes. Each student then was tested on a version of the Posner Physical and Name-matching Test, the Stroop Test, and on an auditory vigilance test that requires selective activation and suppression of response. A minor objective of the study was to examine the correspondence between the checklist and the Conners inattention-passivity, conduct problems, and hyperactivity subscales. In analyzing the results in terms of correlations and factor loadings, a significant association between attention ratings on the one hand and Stroop interference and commission errors in vigilance on the other was clearly in evidence. We suggested that the underlying common cognitive process was resistance to distraction. The checklist and the inattention-passivity subscale, as expected, were correlated highly. Implications for psychoeducational assessment were discussed. It was suggested that the three objective measures of attention would help in the diagnosis of various attentional problems.
Health Care Decisions of Older Adults: Underlying Influences, Cognitive Status, and Perceived Outcomes

Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults responded to hypothetical health care scenarios. The older adults' willingness to accept care rose as their chances for recovery increased. They also were more likely to agree to treatment when responding from their current health status rather than when they presumed a state of permanent confusion. Five primary reasons emerged that guided the older adults' decision-making process: medical considerations, personal relationships, past experiences, quality of life, and age. Their preferences for procedures and treatments emerged from an interplay of knowledge, beliefs, and emotional attachments.