Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexual fantasies about one's partner versus someone else: Gender differences in incidence and frequency

Gender differences in the proportion of sexual fantasies involving someone other than a current partner (extradyadic fantasies) were explored using an anonymous questionnaire administered to 349 university students and employees (ages 18 to 70) who reported that they were currently in heterosexual relationships. Eighty‐seven percent of the sample (98% of men and 80% of women) reported having extradyadic fantasies in the past 2 months. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, compared to women, a larger percentage of men's sexual fantasies were extradyadic even after controlling for the effects of relationship length, number of prior sex partners, any prior incidents of actual extradyadic sexual behavior or “cheating” on the current partner, and socioeconomic status. In addition, it was found that the proportion of extradyadic fantasies increased as a function of relationship length for both genders, while prior incidents of extradyadic sexual behavior and a larger number of prior partners were associated with a higher proportion of extradyadic fantasies for women only.
‘Junior doctor decision making: isn’t that an oxymoron?’ A qualitative analysis of junior doctors’ ward-based decision-making

Unacceptable levels of adverse healthcare events, combined with changes to training, have put the spotlight on junior doctor decision-making. This study aimed to describe the decisions made by junior doctors and the contextual factors influencing how decisions were made and justified. Stimulated recall interviews with 20 junior doctors across five hospitals in SW England were undertaken to co-construct accounts of observers (researchers) and performers (junior doctors), enabling deep insights into individual capability and support needs. Decisions identified included prioritisation of patients and of tasks, and whether and when to intervene clinically. There were a surprising number of ‘inherited decisions’, made by somebody else but enacted by the junior doctor. Through their decisions, participants sought various outcomes, including impressing senior staff. Two contrasting theoretical lenses that focused on the individual decision-maker and the healthcare system enabled creative ideas about supporting education and training to emerge as recommendations.
Theory of burst-mode receiver and its applications in optical multiaccess networks

In this paper, a unified theory for the newly developed optical burst-mode receiver is presented. Based on this theory, an analysis of the performance of the receiver is given both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical model agrees well with the experimental results. This theory can quantitatively explain the bit error rate (BER) performance of burst-mode receivers. Several potential applications of burst-mode receivers are also illustrated, including applications in supervisory system for erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) trans-oceanic optical links and various high-speed all-optical multiaccess packet networks.
Lack of utility of SDHB mutation testing in adrenergic metastatic phaeochromocytoma.

OBJECTIVE Testing for succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations is recommended in all patients with metastatic phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), but may not be required when metastatic disease is accompanied by adrenaline production. This retrospective cohort study aimed to establish the prevalence of SDHB mutations among patients with metastatic PPGLs, characterised by production of adrenaline compared with those without production of adrenaline, and to establish genotype–phenotype features of metastatic PPGLs according to underlying gene mutations. DESIGN AND METHODS Presence of SDHB mutations or deletions was tested in 205 patients (114 males) aged 42+/-16 years (range 9–86 years) at diagnosis of metastatic PPGLs with and without adrenaline production. RESULTS Twenty-three of the 205 patients (11%) with metastatic PPGLs had disease characterised by production of adrenaline, as defined by increased plasma concentrations of metanephrine larger than 5% of the combined increase in both normetanephrine and metanephrine. None of these 23 patients had SDHB mutations. Of the other 182 patients with no tumoural adrenaline production, 51% had SDHB mutations. Metastases in bone were 36–41% more prevalent among patients with SDHB mutations or extra-adrenal primary tumours than those without mutations or with adrenal primary tumours. Liver metastases were 81% more prevalent among patients with adrenal than extra-adrenal primary tumours. CONCLUSION SDHB mutation testing has no utility among patients with adrenaline-producing metastatic PPGLs, but is indicated in other patients with metastatic disease. Our study also reveals novel associations of metastatic spread with primary tumour location and presence of SDHB mutations.
The Confucian Conception of Freedom

Attributing a notion of “free will” to Confucian philosophy has serious limitations; it will be more fruitful to draw on contemporary feminist theories of freedom and autonomy, particularly the notion of autonomy competency, in explicating Confucian freedom. Here, the Confucian notion of freedom in terms of choosing (ze 擇) is articulated, and a Confucian conception of freedom as choosing the good (ze shan 擇善) is advanced. Under such a conception, freedom is competence-based, and its realization is liberating and fulfilling. The political implications of Confucian freedom are elaborated and it is argued that while Confucianism leaves plenty of room for civil liberties, a key consideration of the boundaries of individual liberty is the good of humanity.
Living close to automobile traffic and quality of life in Japan: A population-based survey

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between living close to traffic and health related quality of life (HRQOL) that is important to the health outcome. We administered a questionnaire including the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36-item Health Survey to all 6197 residents living in Naie, aged 20 years and older, and received 5107 (82.4%) responses. The respondents were classified into three groups: those whose bedrooms were located to an arterial road (AR), located to other roads (OR), and not located to any road (NR). We used analysis of covariance to estimate the mean differences among the three groups for each SF-36 domain. HRQOL scores of the AR and the OR group were lower than those of the NR group in all domains. The adjusted mean scores of the AR group on "mental health" and "vitality" domains were significantly lower than those of the NR group. This study suggests that the HRQOL is an effective tool for evaluating the many impacts of road transportation on aspects of health.
Health a nd e migration: subjective e valuation o f h ealth status a nd p hysical s ymptoms in R ussian-speaking m igrants

This is a longitudinal study exploring self-reported health status and physical symptoms of Russian-speaking migrants (n = 307) from the states formed after the break up of the Soviet Union. These health status reports were compared with Russians in Russia (n = 300) and non-immigrant native German test subjects (n = 310). Focus was on the change in subjective evaluation of physical health and adaptation to a new medical health care system as part of the acculturation process following migration. Migrants have more health problems than both the Russians and the native population. In addition to the stress triggered by the critical life event of migration, this finding may also reflect the poorer health status and health care in the countries of origin. In particular, immigrants suffer from headaches and symptoms of exhaustion, which are interpreted as physical correlates of the cognitive overload caused by migration. The subjective state of health of the migrants within the first 18‐24 months after arrival (N = 138) showed hardly any changes. However, a high degree of satisfaction with life in the adopted country and an acculturation style distinguished by contact with the host culture correlate to a low level of health problems. The social implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between gender, age, mental ability, anxiety, mathematics self-efficacy and achievement in mathematics

This study examines the relationship between gender, age, general mental ability, anxiety, mathematics self-efficacy and achievement in mathematics among senior secondary school students in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using multiple regression (stepwise) statistical procedures on the data collected from 1,099 SS2 students, results reveal that mathematics self-efficacy, gender and anxiety have significant correlations with student’s achievement in mathematics. Mathematics self-efficacy is the best predictor of mathematics achievement followed by gender and anxiety. The need for educational stakeholders and curriculum planners to design programmes that will enhance mathematics self-efficacy of students was discussed.
J un 2 00 7 Crystal isomorphisms for irreducible highest weight U v ( ŝl e )-modules of higher level

We study the crystal graphs of irreducible Uv(ŝle)-modules of higher level l. Generalizing works of the first author, we obtain a simple description of the bijections between the classes of multipartitions which naturally label these graphs: the Uglov multipartitions. This is achieved by expliciting an embedding of the Uv(ŝle)-crystals of level l into Uv(sl∞)-crystals associated to highest weight modules.
The Differential Effect of Numeracy and Anecdotes on the Perceived Fallibility of Forensic Science

Contrary to popular belief, forensic science – including forensic DNA testing – is not infallible. The rate at which errors occur exerts an inordinate impact on the probative value of a DNA match. Previous research indicates that jurors are insensitive to this effect. The current study tests two possible explanations for the observed insensitivity: (1) juror innumeracy or (2) quantified error rates are not sufficiently vivid. Jury-eligible adults (n = 568) read a synopsis of a rape trial in which the quantified error rate was manipulated (either 1-in-10 or 1-in-100), as was the vividness of an error (the laboratory technician was anecdotally portrayed as: sloppy, biased, both or none). Overall, both manipulations affected participants’ verdicts. However, numerate participants were affected by the quantified error rate but not anecdotal information, whereas innumerate participants were affected by anecdotal information but not the error rate. The results indicate that the well-known effect on the use of abstract vs. concrete information is moderated by numeracy. On a practical level, the results suggest that, depending on their numerical proficiency, jurors rely on different types of information when evaluating the possibility that forensic scientific evidence is fallible.
Treatment of Behçet’s disease

Behcet’s disease is a chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology with the clinical features of mucocutaneous lesions and ocular, vascular, articular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, pulmonary and neurologic involvement. The disease is particularly prevalent in ‘Silk Route’ populations but has a global distribution. Behcet’s disease effects primarily young subjects. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, as there is no pathognomonic test. Besides considerable morbidity, the disease confers an increased mortality, mainly due to large vessel (especially pulmonary arterial) and neurologic involvement as well as bowel perforation. No standard therapy has yet been established for the treatment of Behcet’s disease, and a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents have been used with varying success. Treatment of the disease has become much more effective in recent years with the introduction of newer drugs. This paper will aim to provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches including local and.
An Overview of Therapeutic Positioning for Multiply-Handicapped Persons, Including Augmentative Communication Users

The body of literature related to adaptive equipment for positioning clients with neuro-musculoskeletal disorders has expanded slowly since the early 1970s. Much of this literature describes custom solutions to positioning problems for individual clients with cerebral palsy. Papers addressing the positioning needs for augmentative communication users remain sparse and superficial in scope. Furthermore, the literature on adaptive equipment solutions is substantially limited to clinicians' perceptions and theoretical premises of the effectiveness of positioning devices. Few formal studies of the effects of positioning have been reported, and none of the studies have addressed the relationship of body positioning to the use of augmentative communication devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature devoted to formal studies and guidelines for the use of therapeutic positioning for clients with multiple physical needs. Considerations for employing seating and positioning systems .
Sex Differences in Athletic Performance

Do women out-perform men in endurance sports? Are women as strong, pound for pound, as men? Many questions have been raised about the ability of women and men to perform physical tasks equally well. The issue of sex differences and similarities in performance has considerable significance today as women seek physically demanding careers in police-work, fire-fighting, the military, industry, and athletics. As more women participate in recreational and career opportunities formerly open only to men, knowledge about sex differences in response to physical exertion and training becomes increasingly important. In this paper we describes differences between the sexes in athletic performance. Most performance differences are due to variations in morphological (structural) or physiological characteristics typical of women and men (Wells, 1991). Nevertheless, variations in these characteristics are often as large or larger within each sex as they are between the sexes. The same is true of physical performance. Thu.
Behavioral Scripts and Instructional Procedures for Students With Learning and Behavioral Problems

Student academic failure and serious behavior problems are closely intertwined. Two related bodies of research pertain to the crossover of academic problems and behavioral issues: behavioral scripts and best instructional practices. The authors drew on that research to (a) help explicate relationships between aggressive or disruptive student behaviors and instructional practice and (b) offer guidelines, strategies, and skills to teachers and administrators to foster the academic success of students with learning and behavioral problems and to minimize aggressive or disruptive behaviors of such students.
Emotions, Perceived Qualities, and Performance of Rugby Players

This study was mainly designed to contrast the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) emotion model and the performance profiling approach in predicting performance of rugby players based on normative, individualized, situational, and relatively stable characteristics. Pregame assessments were accomplished in 33 male Italian rugby players of a top-level team over a whole championship, and individual interviews were conducted at the end of the season. Performance differentiation and discrimination between athletes were reached on relatively stable qualities (i.e., constructs), according to predictions within the performance profile framework. Study findings also revealed that emotions modify widely during the game because of external events (e.g., behaviors of teammates or opponents) or individual behaviors (e.g., individual faults). In conclusion, findings add support to the contention that extending the IZOF model to other physical or performance related components would require situational rathe.
Improving reading comprehension strategies through listening

Summary The goal of this study was to determine whether it is possible to teach children with serious decoding problems four text comprehension strategies in listening contexts. The subjects were 9-11 year old students from special schools for children with learning disabilities. All the students were very poor at decoding; half of the group were also poor listeners, whereas the other half consisted of normal listeners. The experimental children were trained in strategies of clarifying, questioning, summarising and predicting through a combination of reciprocal teaching and direct instruction. The results indicated significant programme effects on a strategic listening comprehension test. A transfer effect on general listening comprehension and general reading comprehension tests was not found. The poor listeners within the experimental group did not perform better than the normal listeners.
Title: Potential for clean seed yam production by resource-poor farmers in the middle-belt of Nigeria

Yam minisett technique (YMT) has been promoted throughout West Africa since the 1980s as a sustainable means of producing clean seed yam, but adoption of the technique is often reported as being patchy at best. While there has been much research on the factors which influence adoption of the technique there have been no attempts to assess its economic viability under 'farmer managed' as distinct from 'on station' conditions. This paper describes the results of farmer-managed trials employing the yam (Dioscorea rotundata) minisett technique (YMT) at two villages in Igalaland, Kogi State, Nigeria. One of the villages (Edeke) is on the bank of the River Niger and represents a specialist yam environment, while the other village (Ekwuloko) is inland where farmers are more generalised in terms of what crops they grow. Four farmers were selected in each of the two villages, and asked to plant a trial comprising two varieties of yam, their popular local variety as well as another variety grown in other parts of Igalaland, and to treat yam setts (80 to 100g) with either woodash or insecticide/nematicide + fungicide mix (chemical treatment). Results suggest that while chemical sett treatment increased yield and hence gross margin compared with woodash, but if household labour is costed then YMT is not economically viable. However, the specialist yam growers of Edeke were far more positive about the use of YMT as they tended to keep the yam seeds for planting rather than sell them. Thus great care needs to be taken with planning adoption surveys on the assumption that all farmers should adopt a technology.
Context, issues and frame as determinants of negotiated outcomes

Negotiation outcomes can be influenced by the extent to which individuals focus on potential gains or losses; whether outcomes are so influenced depends on situational features of the negotiation. This paper identified and tested for the effects of three such variables: opponents' gain or loss frame, pay-off structure (fixed-or variable-sum) and strategic orientation (cooperative or competitive). Results showed that, when pay-offs were variable-sum, gain-framed negotiators outperformed loss-framed negotiators, with their relative advantage increasing when instructions encouraged a cooperative orientation or opponents were loss-framed. When issues were fixed-sum, a negotiator's gain or loss-frame affected outcomes only when opponents held a different frame. Under these conditions, the profits of loss-framed negotiators increased over time, while those of gain-framed negotiators decreased over time. It is concluded that negotiators are advantaged when negotiating style and market dynamics are congruent; they are disadvantaged when negotiating style and market dynamics are incongruent.
N-site: a Distributed Consensus Building and Negotiation Support System

This paper presents N-Site, a distributed consensus building and negotiation support system, which is used to provide geographically dispersed teams with agile access to a Web-based group decision support system. Four teams located in France, Mexico, the Ukraine, and the United States participated in the N-Site project. Each team was required to research the problem using the World Wide Web (WWW). With this background, each team identified opportunities, threats and alternatives as a basis for developing a response to the Cuban Missile Crisis that confronted President Kennedy in October 1962. The strategic assessment model (SAM) (M. Tavana, J. Multi-Criteria Decision Anal. 11 (2002) 75–96; M. Tavana and S. Banerjee, Decision Sci. 26 (1995) 119–143. ) was used by each team to choose a strategy that best fit the team's perspective. SAM and WWW enabled the teams to evaluate strategic alternatives and build consensus based on a series of intuitive and analytical methods including environmental scanning, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and subjective probabilities. The WWW was used to achieve interaction among the international teams as they attempted to negotiate a decision framework and select a diplomatic response. The project was assessed with a Web-distributed survey instrument. This use of the WWW has implications for international diplomacy as well as global business.
Describing behaviours of self and others: self-enhancing beliefs and language abstraction level

Abstractness and frequency of descriptions of positive and negative behaviours were examined as a function of target (self versus others), valence (positive versus negative), and type of behaviour (publicly verifiable behaviours versus not publicly verifiable behaviours). Positive behaviours of self were expected to be reported more often and more abstractly than positive behaviours of others. For negative behaviours, this pattern of effects should be reversed. Further, publicly verifiable behaviours were expected to offer less opportunity for self-enhancement than private and ambiguous behaviours. ANOVA partially supported these expectations. However, the magnitude of self-enhancing beliefs did not depend on the degree to which the behaviours were publicly verifiable. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Methoxyacetic Acid Disrupts Endogenous Estrogen Receptor-α–Mediated Signaling

Background Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) exposure is associated with impaired reproductive function. The primary metabolite of EGME is methoxyacetic acid (MAA), a short-chain fatty acid that inhibits histone deacetylase activity and alters gene expression. Objective Because estrogen signaling is necessary for normal reproductive function and modulates gene expression, the estrogen-signaling pathway is a likely target for MAA; however, little is known about the effects of MAA in this regard. Methods We evaluated the mechanistic effects of MAA on estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen signaling using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Results MAA potentiates 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulation of an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid in HeLa cells transiently transfected with either a human ERα or ERβ expression vector containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. This result is attributed to increased exogenous ER expression due to MAA-mediated activation of the CMV promoter. In contrast to its effects on exogenous ER, MAA decreases endogenous ERα expression and attenuates E2-stimulated endogenous gene expression in both MCF-7 cells and the mouse uterus. Conclusions These results illustrate the importance of careful experimental design and analysis when assessing the potential endocrine-disrupting properties of a compound to ensure biological responses are in concordance with in vitro analyses. Given the established role of the ER in normal reproductive function, the effects of MAA on the endogenous ER reported here are consistent with the reproductive abnormalities observed after EGME exposure and suggest that these toxicities may be due, at least in part, to attenuation of endogenous ER-mediated signaling.