Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Modeling of Data Eviction in Cache

The reuse distance (LRU stack distance) is an essential metric for performance prediction and optimization of storage and CPU cache. Over the last four decades, there have been steady improvements in the algorithmic efficiency of reuse distance measurement. This progress is accelerating in recent years both in theory and practical implementation. In this paper, we present a kinetic model of LRU cache memory, based on the average eviction time (AET) of the cached data. The AET model enables fast measurement and low-cost sampling. It can produce the miss ratio curve (MRC) in linear time with extremely low space costs. On both CPU and storage benchmarks, AET reduces the time and space costs compare to former techniques. Furthermore, AET is a composable model that can characterize shared cache behavior through modeling individual programs.
Income and Happiness: An Analysis of Adaptation and Comparison Income Effects

The invention relates to a method of improving the properties of dough and the quality of bread by adding to the dough, dough ingredients, ingredient mixture or dough additives or additive mixture an enzyme preparation comprising hemicellulose and/or cellulose degrading enzymes and glucose oxidase, or sulphydryl oxidase and glucose oxidase, the enzyme preparation being preferably used in combination with lecithin. The enzyme preparation of the invention has an advantageous effect on the processability of the dough and the properties of the final bakery product. The combination of the enzyme preparation of the invention and lecithin can advantageously replace bromate conventionally used as a baking additive.
Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in cats in Japan

Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using E. cuniculi PTP2 recombinant protein from serum samples that had been collected from a total of 295 cats in Japan. Of these samples, 6.1% (18/295) had antibodies against E. cuniculi, which included 6.3% (6/96) of the male cats and 6.0% (12/199) of the female cats. The incidence was slightly higher in feral cats (8.3%, 11/132) compared to domesticated cats (4.3%, 7/163). This suggests the possibility that the cats of our country have become a reservoir of E. cuniculi. This study is the first to demonstrate the prevalence of E. cuniculi infection in cats in Japan.
II. Hypersociability in Williams Syndrome

Studies of abnormal populations provide a rare opportunity for examining relationships between cognition, genotype and brain neurobiology, permitting comparisons across these different levels of analysis. In our studies, we investigate individuals with a rare, genetically based disorder called Williams syndrome (WMS) to draw links among these levels. A critical component of such a cross-domain undertaking is the clear delineation of the phenotype of the disorder in question. Of special interest in this paper is a relatively unexplored unusual social phenotype in WMS that includes an overfriendly and engaging personality. Four studies measuring distinct aspects of hypersocial behavior in WMS are presented, each probing specific aspects in WMS infants, toddlers, school age children, and adults. The abnormal profile of excessively social behavior represents an important component of the phenotype that may distinguish WMS from other developmental disorders. Furthermore, the studies show that the profile is observed across a wide range of ages, and emerges consistently across multiple experimental paradigms. These studies of hypersocial behavior in WMS promise to provide the ground-work for crossdisciplinary analyses of gene-brain-behavior relationships.
Expression of TWEAK and Its Receptor Fn14 in the Multiple Sclerosis Brain: Implications for Inflammatory Tissue Injury

The expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a pleiotropic cytokine with proinflammatory and cell death-inducing activities, and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), were examined in postmortem brain tissue samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. Immunohistochemical analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that both TWEAK and Fn14 were upregulated in the MS compared with control unaffected brain samples. Perivascular and meningeal macrophages and astrocytes and microglia associated with lesions were identified as the main sources of TWEAK in the MS brains. The highest frequency of TWEAK+ cells was found at edges of chronic active white matter lesions and in subpial cortical lesions inMS cases with abundant meningeal inflammation and ectopic B-cell follicles. Neurons and reactive astrocytes expressing Fn14 were mainly localized in the cerebral cortex in highly infiltrated MS brains. Numerous TWEAK-expressing microglia were associated with the extensive loss of myelin and astrocytosis, neuronal damage, and vascular abnormalities in subpial cortical lesions; this suggests that TWEAK could synergize with other cytotoxic factors diffusing from the inflamed meninges to promote cortical injury. Taken together, these findings indicate that the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway contributes to inflammation and tissue injury and is, therefore, a potential therapeutic target in MS.
Components of Auditory Imagery in Healthy Aging

Mental imagery, a complex cognitive task that can be conceptualized into separable components, has been seldom studied in older adults. Auditory imagery is a particularly good modality to study throughout the lifespan, given that sounds can be both highly familiar and unfamiliar and that they inherently take place over a period of time. We tested for age differences in each of the four components of auditory imagery: generation, maintenance, inspection, and transformation. Furthermore, we investigated the degree to which certain cognitive measures that vary among individuals, such as musical background, self-reported auditory imagery, and working memory, predict performance differences. Across three tasks, we investigated whether or not there were age and individual differences in the four auditory imagery components. No age group differences were observed in generation and transformation, although musical background and self-reported auditory imagery were significant predictors of some results. Some age differences were found in a musical test of maintenance and inspection, and musical background and self-reported auditory imagery related to some aspects of the results. No age differences were found in a non-musical task of maintenance and inspection. Overall, this research contributes to the knowledge of age differences in cognitively complex tasks.
Nonlinear shape manifolds as shape priors in level set segmentation and tracking

We propose a novel nonlinear, probabilistic and variational method for adding shape information to level set-based segmentation and tracking. Unlike previous work, we represent shapes with elliptic Fourier descriptors and learn their lower dimensional latent space using Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models. Segmentation is done by a nonlinear minimisation of an image-driven energy function in the learned latent space. We combine it with a 2D pose recovery stage, yielding a single, one shot, optimisation of both shape and pose. We demonstrate the performance of our method, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with multiple images, video sequences and latent spaces, capturing both shape kinematics and object class variance.
An Approach for CSK Detection Based on Return Maps

Chaos-based communication can be applied advanta- geously only if the property of chaotic systems is suitably exploited. In this paper a simple non-coherent detection method for chaos-shift- keying (CSK) modulation is proposed. Unlike the bit-energy-based detection which makes no specific use of any chaotic system prop- erty, the method proposed here exploits some distinguishable prop- erty of the two chaotic maps for recovering the digital message. Specifically, the proposed method exploits the difference in the re- turn maps of the signals representing the digital symbols. Simple skew tent maps are used for illustration. The determining property of the return maps is computed using a simple linear regression al- gorithm. The bit-error-rate under additive white Gaussian noise is studied by computer simulations.
Overlapping Community Search for social networks

Finding decompositions of a graph into a family of clusters is crucial to understanding its underlying structure. While most existing approaches focus on partitioning the nodes, real-world datasets suggest the presence of overlapping communities. We present OCA, a novel algorithm to detect overlapped communities in large data graphs. It outperforms previous proposals in terms of execution time, and efficiently handles large graphs containing more than 108 nodes and edges.
Modeling electricity price events as point processes

Energy prices are highly volatile and often feature unexpected spikes. It is the aim of this paper to examine whether the occurrence of these extreme price events displays any regularities that can be captured using an econometric model. Here we treat these price events as point processes and apply Hawkes and Poisson autoregressive models to model the dynamics in the intensity of this process.We use load and meteorological information to model the time variation in the intensity of the process. The models are applied to data from the Australian wholesale electricity market, and a forecasting exercise illustrates both the usefulness of these models and their limitations when attempting to forecast the occurrence of extreme price events.
Incidence of squamous-cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and other eye cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for squamous-cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) and other eye cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Methods: We estimated incidence rates and associations with age, sex, race/ethnicity and ultraviolet radiation using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The incidence was 37.3 per 106 for all eye cancers (N = 178), 8.4 per 106 for SCCC (N = 40) and 28.9 per 106 for other eye cancers (N = 138). For all eye cancers, the incidence was lower in women than in men (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.55) and in persons aged ≤60 years than those aged >60 years (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.72). The incidence was higher, but not statistically significant, in those with an average net erythemal exposure >170 versus ≤170 (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.63) and lower in those residing at latitudes >35° versus ≤35° (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.09). The patterns were similar for SCCC in sex, age, race/ethnicity and average net erythemal exposure, but not statistically significant. Conclusion: The incidence of all eye cancers was associated with male sex and older age. The same patterns were observed for SCCC. The associations reported here might be surrogates of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, although more follow-up is needed to obtain precise results.
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models in a Liquidity Trap and Self-Organizing State Space Modeling

This paper proposes a new method to estimate parameters of dynamic general equilibrium models under a liquidity trap based on the Monte Carlo particle filter, proposed by Kitagawa (1996) and Gordon et al. (1993), and a self-organizing state space model, proposed by Kitagawa (1998). This method is a natural extension of Yano (2009). In our method, we estimate the parameters using the time-varying-parameter approach, which is often used to infer invariant parameters practically. Our method is based on Bayesian statistics and nonlinear, non-Gaussian, and non-stationary state space modeling to estimate unknown parameters and states. In most previous papers on DSGE models, structural parameters of them are assumed to be "deep (invariant). " Our method, however, analyzes how stable structural parameters are. Adopting it creates the great advantage that the structural changes of parameters are detected naturally. The second advantage of our method is that we are able to estimate new Keynesian DSGE models under a liquidity trap (Krugman (1998)) because nonlinear,non-Gaussian, and non-stationary state space models allow model switching. In our method, the fit of a DSGE model is evaluated using the log-likelihood of it. Thus, we are able to compare the fits of DSGE models. Moreover, we estimate time-varying trends of macroeconomic data: real output, inflation rate, and real interest rate. Our method is an alternative to detrending methods based on the Hodrick-Prescott filter, the Baxter-King filter, the Christiano-Fitzgerald filter, and other filtering algorithms. In our framework, we emphasize that natural rates of macroeconomic data, time-varying parameters, and unknown states are estimated simultaneously. In empirical analysis, we estimate new Keynesian DSGE models under a liquidity trap using Japanese macroeconomic data which includes the "zero-interest-rate" period (1999-2006). The analysis shows that the growth rate of natural output declines in the late 1990s, but, becomes as high as about 2% in the mid-2000s. The target rate of inflation is too low in the 1990s and the 2000s, and it causes deflation in the Japanese economy.
Age of information under random updates

We consider the system where a source randomly generates status update messages and transmits them via a network cloud to the intended destination. These update message can take different times to traverse the network, which we model as exponential service times, and may result in packets reaching the destination out of order, rendering some of the earlier transmissions obsolete. We analyze the status update age for such a system, and show that it tracks well with simulation results.
Impact of age on leptin and adiponectin independent of adiposity

Age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels remain controversial, being affected by inconsistent normalisation for adiposity and body fat distribution in the literature. In a cross-sectional study on 210 Caucasians (127 women, eighty-three men, 18–78 years, BMI 16·8–46·8 kg/m2), we investigated the effect of age on adipokine levels independent of fat mass (FM measured by densitometry), visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes (VAT and SAT assessed by whole-body MRI). Adiponectin levels increased with age in both sexes, whereas leptin levels decreased with age in women only. There was an age-related increase in VAT (as a percentage of total adipose tissue, VAT%TAT), associated with a decrease in SATlegs%TAT. Adiposity was the main predictor of leptin levels, with 75·1 % of the variance explained by %FM in women and 76·6 % in men. Independent of adiposity, age had a minor contribution to the variance in leptin levels (5·2 % in women only). The variance in adiponectin levels explained by age was 14·1 % in women and 5·1 % in men. In addition, independent and inverse contributions to the variance in adiponectin levels were found for truncal SAT (explaining additional 3·0 % in women and 9·1 % in men) and VAT%TAT (explaining additional 13·0 % in men). In conclusion, age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels are opposite to each other and partly independent of adiposity and body fat distribution. Normalisation for adiposity but not for body fat distribution is required for leptin. Adiponectin levels are adversely affected by subcutaneous and visceral trunk fat.
Quantization of geometry

Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Bosonic propagators and random paths 3. Random surfaces and strings 4. Matrix models and two-dimensional quantum gravity 5. The mystery of $c > 1$ 6. Euclidean quantum gravity in $d > 2$ 7. Discussion
Structures of the two 3D domain‐swapped RNase A trimers

When concentrated in mildly acidic solutions, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) forms long‐lived oligomers including two types of dimer, two types of trimer, and higher oligomers. In previous crystallographic work, we found that the major dimeric component forms by a swapping of the C‐terminal β‐strands between the monomers, and that the minor dimeric component forms by swapping the N‐terminal α‐helices of the monomers. On the basis of these structures, we proposed that a linear RNase A trimer can form from a central molecule that simultaneously swaps its N‐terminal helix with a second RNase A molecule and its C‐terminal strand with a third molecule. Studies by dissociation are consistent with this model for the major trimeric component: the major trimer dissociates into both the major and the minor dimers, as well as monomers. In contrast, the minor trimer component dissociates into the monomer and the major dimer. This suggests that the minor trimer is cyclic, formed from three monomers that swap their C‐terminal β‐strands into identical molecules. These conclusions are supported by cross‐linking of lysyl residues, showing that the major trimer swaps its N‐terminal helix, and the minor trimer does not. We verified by X‐ray crystallography the proposed cyclic structure for the minor trimer, with swapping of the C‐terminal β‐strands. This study thus expands the variety of domain‐swapped oligomers by revealing the first example of a protein that can form both a linear and a cyclic domain‐swapped oligomer. These structures permit interpretation of the enzymatic activities of the RNase A oligomers on double‐stranded RNA.
Magnetized Accretion inside the Marginally Stable Orbit around a Black Hole

Qualitative arguments are presented in order to demonstrate that the energy density of magnetic fields in matter accreting onto a black hole inside the marginally stable orbit is automatically comparable to the rest-mass energy density of the accretion flow. Several consequences follow: magnetic effects must be dynamically significant but cannot be so strong as to dominate; the outward energy transport in Alfvén waves may alter the effective efficiency of energy liberation; and vertical magnetic stresses in this region may contribute to "coronal" activity.
Moment convergence in conditional limit theorems

Consider a sum ∑1 N Y i of random variables conditioned on a given value of the sum ∑1 N X i of some other variables, where X i and Y i are dependent but the pairs (X i ,Y i ) form an i.i. d. sequence. We consider here the case when each X i is discrete. We prove, for a triangular array ((X ni ,Y ni )) of such pairs satisfying certain conditions, both convergence of the distribution of the conditioned sum (after suitable normalization) to a normal distribution, and convergence of its moments. The results are motivated by an application to hashing with linear probing; we give also some other applications to occupancy problems, random forests, and branching processes.
IDENTIFYING TYPES OF CRISIS: A COMPLEMENTARY APPROACH IN A LARGE-SAMPLE DATASET

Reflecting a stagnating nature in the empirical literature of currency crisis, a new but complementary approach featuring types of crisis is attempted instead of stereotyped multivariate ways. Tested here for identification are three kinds of assumed crisis-types among a large-sample dataset: [1] the chronic “high inflation gap (HIG)” type, [2] the “classical” type a la Krugman, and [3] the “foreign investment-led development (FID) “ type, the last of which can be observed full-fledgedly in the East Asian countries with forerunners in the peripheral Europe.
Expression of the Mitotic Motor Protein Eg5 in Postmitotic Neurons: Implications for Neuronal Development

It is well established that the microtubules of the mitotic spindle are organized by a variety of motor proteins, and it appears that the same motors or closely related variants organize microtubules in the postmitotic neuron. Specifically, cytoplasmic dynein and the kinesin-related motor known as CHO1/MKLP1 are used within the mitotic spindle, and recent studies suggest that they are also essential for the establishment of the axonal and dendritic microtubule arrays of the neuron. Other motors are required to tightly regulate microtubule behaviors in the mitotic spindle, and it is attractive to speculate that these motors might also help to regulate microtubule behaviors in the neuron. Here we show that a homolog of the mitotic kinesin-related motor known as Eg5 continues to be expressed in rodent neurons well after their terminal mitotic division. In neurons, Eg5 is directly associated with the microtubule array and is enriched within the distal regions of developing processes. This distal enrichment is transient, and typically lost after a process has been clearly defined as an axon or a dendrite. Strong expression can resume later in development, and if so, the protein concentrates within newly forming sprouts at the distal tips of dendrites. We suggest that Eg5 generates forces that help to regulate microtubule behaviors within the distal tips of developing axons and dendrites.
Applied Economics Workshop Business 33610 Spring Quarter 2012 What Is the True Rate of Social Mobility? Surnames and Social Mobility in England, 1800-2011

1 Using rare surnames we follow the socioeconomic status of initial groups of rich, middling, and poor in England from 1800 until 2011. We measure social status through wealth at death, education, and average age at death. Our method allows unbiased estimates of mobility rates. Mobility rates are much lower than conventionally estimated, even for recent generations. There is considerable persistence of status, even after 200 years. Surprisingly the arrival of mass education and publicly funded universities does not improve mobility. But mobility continues and eventually the rich and poor surnames of 1800 will be indistinguishable, sometime in the 23 rd century.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Young Massive Star Clusters in Nearby Galaxies Ii. Software Tools, Data Reductions and Cluster Sizes

1 A detailed description is given of the data analysis leading to the discovery of young massive star clusters (YMCs) in a sample of 21 nearby galaxies. A new useful tool, ishape, for the derivation of intrinsic shape parameters of compact objects is presented, and some test results are shown. Completeness tests for the cluster samples are discussed, and ishape is used to estimate cluster sizes. Half-light radii of 0-20 pc are derived for clusters in 2 of the most cluster-rich galaxies, NGC 1313 and NGC 5236, which is within the range spanned by globular clusters in the Milky Way and by YMCs in the LMC and some starburst galaxies. Photometric data for all clusters, along with positions and estimated half-light radii, are tabulated.