Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Outpatients' Visit Time and Physicians' Prescription Quality in Teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz: 2015.

BACKGROUND Examination time is a key factor determining the relative value of clinical physicians' examination and care quality. Whereas commitment ‎to standard prescription principles by physicians increases the likelihood of proper treatment, its effectiveness and patients' improvement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between outpatients' examination time and physicians prescribing quality in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 550 outpatients who visited teaching hospitals of Ahvaz in 2015. The quality of the prescriptions was assessed by WHO checklist. Each prescription was scored with a score range from 0 to 21, they were divided into four equal score categories including low (0-5.25), low intermediate (5.26-10.5), high intermediate (10.5-15.75) and good (15.76-21) and using correlation and regression was analyzed. RESULTS The total mean of examination time and commitment to prescription principles was 4.88±0.12 min and 15.92±1.14, respectively. Correlation coefficients between outpatients' examination time and dimensions of "legibility", "pharmaceutical form" and "medical orders", and the total quality of prescription were significant (p˂0.005). The relationship between examination time and prescription quality confirmed with the fitting linear regression model. Increase per minute in patient's examination by a physician, which is about 0.33 points, was added to the basic quality scores of prescription. CONCLUSION There was a relationship between Examination time and dimensions of legibility, pharmaceutical form, and medical order. Considering commitment ‎to standard prescription principles, examination time, which was declared by the Health Sector Evolution Guideline, improve physicians' prescription quality and quality of provided services of hospitals. Therefore, providing an internet schedule for examination will be extremely helpful in organizing physicians' examination.
Core service versus relational benefits: what matters most?

Services literature has extensively examined the effects of core service and relational benefits on behavioral outcomes arguing that both components, studied separately, contribute significantly to customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, an integrative examination of the relative importance of both core service and relational benefits is missing. This study examines the combined impact of an extended typology of core service and relational benefits on satisfaction and relational outcomes. One qualitative and one quantitative study are conducted within a banking context. Findings confirm a more extensive typology of relational benefits and reveal that competence (part of the trust benefit) and convenience significantly affect satisfaction; however, when core service is introduced to the model, the effect of relational benefits ceases to be significant. Several future research opportunities for an integrated service benefits approach are identified; and implications for managers on how to allocate their efforts across the various types of service benefits are discussed.
Trust, Owner Rights, Employee Rights and Firm Performance

This is a study of variations in trust relationships according to institutional setting. A wide body of comparative institutional literature within economics and finance engages with trust. However, as most of this literature uses macro-level data and/or stylistic ideal types, it normally neglects intra-firm trust. This paper redresses this lacuna by using both macro-level data and comparative firm-level evidence. We found that both country trust and firm trust increase firm performance, but that there is a trade-off between the two as high levels of both reduce performance. Finally, both employee rights and investor rights are negatively correlated with country trust.
Housing Affordability: Myth or Reality?

The editors of Urban Studies Review have cially as a means of wealth accumulation) charged the authors with providing a synand privatisation . This paper focuses prithesis of major trends/changes in the themarily on housing affordability. The auoretical and empirical investigation of the thors rely primarily on the US experience housing market as well as with exploring to articulate the affordability issue, but the impacts of public policy interventions draw examples of public policy intervenon urban housing markets . Over the next 3 tions more broadly from other developed years, the authors will write a series of countries . three articles on current housing research in developed countries to examine some of the key housing issues in the US and the UK, drawing upon supplementary examples from other countries . The primary focus of housing research in developed countries has changed dramatically over the last four decades . The agenda that preoccupied researchers during the 1950s was concentrated on the inadequate supply of housing and the poor quality of the existing stock . When the problem of housing supply was ameliorated in the 1960s, the research focus shifted to improving the quality of available housing. In the US, the focus changed again during the 1960s and 1970s as neighbourhood decay and racial segregation and discrimination became major research topics . The issue of discrimination was broadened in the 1980s to include such protected classes as persons with disabilities, families with children and the elderly. Over the last decade, however, housing research in developed countries has been dominated by three issues : housing affordability, home-ownership (espe-
Detection of Early Glaucomatous Damage in Pseudo Exfoliation Syndrome by Assessment of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Purpose: To detect early glaucomatous changes in pseudo exfoliative patients with normal intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field and optic nerve head appearance; by measuring retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Design: A prospective observational case-control study. Participants: Twenty non-glaucomatous (normal IOP, fundus and visual field) pseudo exfoliative patients and 20 age matched healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: The RNFL thickness (global and four quadrants) was assessed using combined imaging system OTI (OCT/SLO) and compared with age matched normal control subjects. Results: The RNFL in patients with pseudo exfoliation syndrome (PXS) was significantly thinner in all quadrants except the nasal quadrant compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: Measurement of RNFL thickness by OCT is useful in detecting early RNFL damage which in turn provides clinically relevant information in detecting early glaucomatous changes in pseudo exfoliative patients.
It's More Than a Desk: Working Smarter through Leveraged Office Design

Current trends in telecommuting and non-territorial office design have changed what it means to work in an on-site office and, subsequently, have increased the number of functions office design is expected to serve. At the same time, innovations in technology and design provide today's managers more choices than ever when outfitting their offices. This article offers a framework of leveraged office design that illustrates how managers can make design choices that both capitalize on the newest innovations in office design and serve the emerging needs of corporate workers. The framework specifically explores three functions of workplace design: instrumental functions, such as improving decision making and inter-group collaboration; symbolic functions, such as affirming individual distinctiveness and group status; and aesthetic functions, such as allowing for desired sensory experiences and promoting a sense of place attachment. This framework illustrates how organizations can capitalize on all three functions through their choices in office decor and layout.
Co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections in circumcised and uncircumcised cases in India

Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is now one of the greatest challenges facing the world. Sexual transmission is the primary route of human immunodeficiency virus infection worldwide. Male circumcision is being considered as strategy to reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 HIV positive clients. They were screened for bacterial causes of STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum and Gardnerella vaginalis). Results: There were 138 males and 62 females. The males were examined and the circumcision status was observed. In the females, circumcision status of their male partners was observed. The coinfection of HIV and STIs in circumcised and uncircumcised cases was found out. Diagnosis was made using standard tests. A total of 23% cases were diagnosed to have HIV –STI coinfection. Most common diagnosed diseases were Chlamydia (10%), Gonorrhoea (9%), Bacterial Vaginosis (4.8%) and Syphilis (2.5%). The coinfection rate in uncircumcised cases was found to be higher (29.2% in males and 39.2% in females) as compared to the circumcised cases (14.2% in males and 13.6% in females). Conclusion: The present study suggests that circumcision is a protective factor for acquisition of STIs in HIV positive clients but other factors like sexual behaviours, use of barrier contraceptives, drug abuse etc also play a role.
Regulation and Racial Differentiation in the Construction of Night-time Economies: A London Case Study

The clubs and bars of contemporary nightlife are held by supporters in the cultural industries and critics in social policy to be a zone of transgression where the state is powerless to intervene. However, closer inspection of the processes by which nightlife is regulated and incorporated into economic development strategies indicates a more differential approach to social control. Far from being deregulated, nightlife is still largely understood as a 'social problem' to be contained by law, policy and policing. However, the forms in which strategies of regulation are being redefined indicate renewed concerns by policy-makers with acceptable and unacceptable cultures. The duel impact of economic development strategies and licensing policies has been to reinforce particular cultural forms in nightlife spaces at the expense of others. This paper explores findings from a London case study and will attempt to pinpoint the ways in which the practices of economic development and licensing have thrown up barriers to cultural expression and racial diversity being realised in the city spaces of the night. It will argue that, far from being a solution to the perceived problems of the 'night-time economy', regulatory strategies reinforce the notion of nightlife as consumption against that of experimental and racially diverse cultures.
Real-time estimation of prostate tumor rotation and translation with a kV imaging system based on an iterative closest point algorithm

Previous studies have shown that during cancer radiotherapy a small translation or rotation of the tumor can lead to errors in dose delivery. Current best practice in radiotherapy accounts for tumor translations, but is unable to address rotation due to a lack of a reliable real-time estimate. We have developed a method based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm that can compute rotation from kilovoltage x-ray images acquired during radiation treatment delivery. A total of 11 748 kilovoltage (kV) images acquired from ten patients (one fraction for each patient) were used to evaluate our tumor rotation algorithm. For each kV image, the three dimensional coordinates of three fiducial markers inside the prostate were calculated. The three dimensional coordinates were used as input to the ICP algorithm to calculate the real-time tumor rotation and translation around three axes. The results show that the root mean square error was improved for real-time calculation of tumor displacement from a mean of 0.97 mm with the stand alone translation to a mean of 0.16 mm by adding real-time rotation and translation displacement with the ICP algorithm. The standard deviation (SD) of rotation for the ten patients was 2.3°, 0.89° and 0.72° for rotation around the right–left (RL), anterior–posterior (AP) and superior–inferior (SI) directions respectively. The correlation between all six degrees of freedom showed that the highest correlation belonged to the AP and SI translation with a correlation of 0.67. The second highest correlation in our study was between the rotation around RL and rotation around AP, with a correlation of −0.33. Our real-time algorithm for calculation of rotation also confirms previous studies that have shown the maximum SD belongs to AP translation and rotation around RL. ICP is a reliable and fast algorithm for estimating real-time tumor rotation which could create a pathway to investigational clinical treatment studies requiring real-time measurement and adaptation to tumor rotation.
Financial distress and corporate governance: an empirical analysis

Relationships between corporate governance characteristics and financial distress status are examined for a sample of Canadian firms. Results from logit regression analysis of 46 financially distressed and 46 healthy firms lead us to conclude that the board of director’s composition explains financial distress, beyond an exclusive reliance on financial indicators. Additionally, supplemental results indicate that outside directors’ ownership and directorship affect the likelihood of financial distress. Furthermore, splitting financially distressed firms based on chief executive officer change as a proxy of turnaround strategies provides useful insights on corporate governance characteristics in financial distress.
Use of Particulated Juvenile Articular Cartilage Allograft for Osteochondral Lesions of the Wrist

Background: Articular cartilage injuries are a common injury among young, active patients, and the most appropriate treatment for these injuries remains controversial. A promising new technology in the treatment of high-grade cartilage injuries is particulated juvenile articular cartilage (PJAC) allograft (DeNovo NT, Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana). This has been shown to be successful in multiple joints including the knee, talus, and elbow. No studies or case reports exist in supporting or discouraging its use in injuries of the wrist, in specific, the scaphoid. Methods: The use of PJAC allograft is described for the treatment of an active 21-year-old male with an Outerbridge Grade IV chondral lesion on the proximal pole of his right scaphoid and right distal radius scaphoid facet who had failed conservative management. The patient was followed clinically and radiographically for 21 months. Results: The patient had return to full sport (jujutsu) and full range-of-motion, both of which represented an improvement from his preoperative exam. Radiographically, the chondral lucency seen had decreased in size and was almost completely absent on radiographs after 21 months. Conclusions: The results of this case suggest that PJAC can be used safely and effectively in the wrist thereby potentially broadening the indications for its use.
SMEs and Environmental Responsibility: A Policy Perspective

Environmental policies to promote environmentally sustainable economic activity have often concentrated on larger firms. However, increasing attention is being paid to the role of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurial actors. In this paper, we examine how policy tools are being used to improve the environmental performance of SMEs and to redirect entrepreneurial energies in more environmentally benign directions. The empirical section adopts a case‐based comparative method to examine four instances of policymaking, drawn from different countries and industry sectors. The paper argues that while some interventions have proved effective in their own terms, better integrated approaches are required to address today's complex and deep‐rooted sustainability challenges. The paper identifies several policy implications including the need to: clarify the purpose of any intervention, address potential interactions and trade‐offs; select appropriate tools based on informed reviews of the options; remain sensitive to context‐specific factors; and devise effective vehicles for the promotion and governance of entrepreneurial initiatives.
Global Chartwise Feedback Linearization of the Quadcopter With a Thrust Positivity Preserving Dynamic Extension

We propose a new dynamic extension of the thrust variable in the quadcopter dynamics that preserves the positive sign of the thrust. This extension not only eliminates the positive sign constraint on the thrust variable, but also leads to global chartwise feedback linearization of the quadcopter dynamics. For the latter, an atlas is first constructed on the entire state space of the quadcopter and then the dynamically extended quadcopter system is transformed to a 14-dimensional linear controllable system on each chart in the atlas. Based on the chartwise dynamic feedback linearization, a global tracking strategy is proposed for the quadcopter and its excellent performance is demonstrated with a simulation.
A New Method of Costal Cartilage Harvest for Total Auricular Reconstruction: Part I. Avoidance and Prevention of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications and Problems

Background: The occurrence of chest wall deformity is not dependent on the amount of costal cartilage harvested but results from the method of costal cartilage harvest. Therefore, the authors developed a new method of costal cartilage harvest where the perichondrium is left completely intact at the donor site and the remaining costal cartilage after fabrication of the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework is returned to the perichondrial pocket to fill the dead space formed. By leaving the perichondrium completely intact, the most ideal environmental condition for regeneration of cartilage is attained. Methods: The costal cartilages are harvested en bloc with the perichondrium left completely intact at the donor site. After fabrication of the three-dimensional frame, the remaining costal cartilage is cut into small blocks that act as spacers to fill the dead space formed in the perichondrial pocket. Results: The findings of the authors’ study involving over 270 cases performed with the new method of costal cartilage harvest revealed that there were absolutely no postoperative chest wall deformities identified, and there was a significant decrease in intraoperative complications. Conclusion: The authors’ study revealed that the new method of costal cartilage harvest plays an important role in the regeneration of cartilage and in the prevention and avoidance of postoperative chest wall deformity.
Asian Financial Crisis, Avian Flu and Terrorist Threats: Are Shocks to Malaysian Tourist Arrivals Permanent or Transitory?

International visitor arrivals from Malaysia's 10 major source markets are examined using Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root tests with one and two structural breaks to ascertain whether shocks to the time path of tourist arrivals are permanent or transitory. The LM unit root test with one break is able to reject the unit root null for between 60% of source markets where the break is specified as in the intercept and 90% of source markets where the break is specified as in the intercept and slope. The LM unit root test with two breaks is able to reject the unit root null for all source markets, irrespective of how the break is specified. This result suggests that the effects of shocks on the growth path of tourist arrivals to Malaysia from its major markets are only transitory and that Malaysia's tourist sector is sustainable in the long run. Although the effects of shocks are not permanent, we do find that following shocks the growth in tourist arrivals from Malaysia's source markets has generally slowed. This result suggests there is a need to reduce the negative effects of slower growth in the recovery phase.
Poverty, Armed Conflict and Financial Instability

Civil conflict has far-reaching effects on underdeveloped economies. Whilst military expenditure may be diverted into projects that encourage human capital accumulation and the construction of essential infrastructure, conflict destroys institutions and infrastructure generating financial instability and exacerbating stagnation and underdevelopment. Vicious circles emerge as socioeconomic instability contributes to ongoing civil unrest and financial instability, in turn increasing the risk of future conflicts. In this paper, the relationships between conflict, finance and poverty are analysed by exploring the hypothesis that poverty and conflict are magnified by financial factors. Interactions between conflict, absolute poverty and finance are estimated using least squares and binary dependent variable techniques adapted to capture simultaneity, with heterogeneity captured using fixed effects techniques. The results suggest a strongly significant positive relationship between poverty and conflict; the risk of war is positively associated with financial factors suggesting that financial resources will influence poverty indirectly by increasing risks of conflict.
Consumption and Housing Wealth in the UK

Consumption behaviour in the UK is frequently seen as different from that in other countries. The relationship between the housing market and consumption is discussed at length in HM Treasury (2003). The housing market, which has been particularly cyclically volatile in the past 30 years, has contributed to cycles in consumption through its impact on housing wealth. Increased house prices increase the value of assets held, and impact on consumption, making the economy more cyclical. There is a clear relationship between the level of real financial plus housing net wealth as a proportion of income and the savings ratio (excluding adjustment for changes in net equity of households in pension funds), as can be seen from chart 1, where we plot the stock of total net assets over the flow of income to indicate just how much ‘cover’ the personal sector has on its current commitments. When wealth rises, for instance because real asset prices have risen, then individuals find themselves with more assets than they need and increase their consumption in order to return their assets to their equilibrium ratio to income. Clearly this process is not instantaneous, but cycles in wealth driven by house prices could have contributed to the cyclical nature of overall demand in the UK in the past 30 years.
Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization Ownership Structure and Endogenous Quality Choice : Cooperatives versus Investor-Owned Firms

This paper examines how ownership structure affects endogenous quality choice and the subsequent equilibrium outcomes. Investor owned firms (IOFs) and producer cooperatives (COOPs) are analyzed within a duopoly framework including a primary and a secondary level. The firms play a two-stage game, first simultaneously choosing the level of quality to produce and then compete in prices. It is shown that if the cost of quality at primary level is fixed, and/or variable exhibiting non-constant returns to scale, firms can have a structural cost advantage due to ownership structure in addition to the high-quality advantage identified in the previous literature. In the case of a fixed cost of quality at primary level, it is shown that although IOFs charge higher prices they generate a larger consumer surplus than COOPs by marketing higher qualities. Cooperatives generate a larger producer surplus while the market share of the high-quality good is independent of ownership structure. In the case of a variable cost of quality at primary level, a cooperative firm possesses a structural cost advantage which is used to market larger quantities of higher levels of quality generating larger profits, larger consumer surplus and larger social welfare. Policy implications of the different structures are discussed.