Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-evaluation of Online and Offline Web Search Evaluation Metrics

As in most information retrieval (IR) studies, evaluation plays an essential part in Web search research. Both offline and online evaluation metrics are adopted in measuring the performance of search engines. Offline metrics are usually based on relevance judgments of query-document pairs from assessors while online metrics exploit the user behavior data, such as clicks, collected from search engines to compare search algorithms. Although both types of IR evaluation metrics have achieved success, to what extent can they predict user satisfaction still remains under-investigated. To shed light on this research question, we meta-evaluate a series of existing online and offline metrics to study how well they infer actual search user satisfaction in different search scenarios. We find that both types of evaluation metrics significantly correlate with user satisfaction while they reflect satisfaction from different perspectives for different search tasks. Offline metrics better align with user satisfaction in homogeneous search (i.e. ten blue links) whereas online metrics outperform when vertical results are federated. Finally, we also propose to incorporate mouse hover information into existing online evaluation metrics, and empirically show that they better align with search user satisfaction than click-based online metrics.
Multi-dependence in the formation and development of the distributed psychological contract

ABSTRACT The psychological contract (PC) describes the implicit and explicit promises and obligations exchanged by individuals and organizational agents in an employment relationship. While it has typically been assumed that each employee establishes the PC with a single agent (i.e., the organization), it seems more realistic to treat PCs as multi-focused, involving various organizational agents. In a qualitative study of 41 professors employed at two public universities in Spain, we investigate the organizational agents involved in the formation and development of PCs, the mutual promises and obligations made by each party and the degree of PC fulfilment. Our findings reveal the multiplicity of organizational sources involved in the development of PCs and the complications that arise owing to multiple dependence. Based on our results, we discuss the need for a deeper examination of PCs from a multi-foci perspective in order to more fully understand the complex nature of the PC.
Uniformity of Node Level Conflict Measures in Bayesian Hierarchical Models Based on Directed Acyclic Graphs

Hierarchical models defined by means of directed, acyclic graphs are a powerful and widely used tool for Bayesian analysis of problems of varying degrees of complexity. A simulation‐based method for model criticism in such models has been suggested by O'Hagan in the form of a conflict measure based on contrasting separate local information sources about each node in the graph. This measure is however not well calibrated. In order to rectify this, alternative mutually similar tail probability‐based measures have been proposed independently and have been proved to be uniformly distributed under the assumed model in quite general normal models with known covariance matrices. In the present paper, we extend this result to a variety of models. An advantage of this is that computationally costly pre‐calibration schemes needed for some other suggested methods can be avoided. Another advantage is that non‐informative prior distributions can be used when performing model criticism.
Survey on control and management practices of equine helminthes infection

Twenty-nine stud farms were selected in the Medium Paraiba region of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. After an interview with the person responsible for the animals, faecal samples were collected from mares and analyzed via the EPG technique, faecal cultures, Sedimentation-centrifugo-flotation, and modified Ueno and Baermann techniques. The prevalence of helminths in the mares and in the stud farms was calculated. The stocking rates of pasture, change of horse bedding, absence of pasture rotation, absence of technology in the property, and less frequent treatment of the animals were associated with a greater prevalence of helminths, showing that these variables must be considered in equine control programs. The intensity of the parasitism was also associated with the stocking rate of pasture, absence of dunghill, presence of the animals only in paddocks, lack of technology in the property, less frequent treatment of the animals, and absence of the use of rotation regarding the anthelmintic class.
Risperidone Olanzapine Drug Outcomes studies in Schizophrenia (RODOS): health economic results of an international naturalistic study

We report the health economic data from the Risperidone Olanzapine Drug Outcomes studies in Schizophrenia (RODOS) programme. Details of the efficacy and tolerability data from RODOS are available in a companion paper. The population analysed during RODOS consisted of 1901 patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The mean ± SD daily dose of olanzapine treatment was 14.5 ± 5.1 mg compared to 5.3 ± 2.6 mg for risperidone. Use of concomitant neuroleptics (risperidone, 65%; olanzapine, 62%; P = 0.2) and other concomitant drugs (risperidone, 76%; olanzapine, 73%; P = 0.2) was similar in both groups. The mean ± SD total costs of all inpatient drugs was significantly (P < 0.001) higher for olanzapine (US$297.5 ± 305.1) than risperidone (US$159.9 ± 183.3). Although this difference in the average total costs in part reflects the longer treatment duration for olanzapine compared to risperidone (34 days versus 31 days), the cost difference remained when looking at costs on a daily basis. The mean ± SD daily cost of all inpatient drugs was also significantly (P < 0.001) higher for olanzapine (US$7.7 ± 4.0) than for risperidone (US$4.6 ± 2.9). These findings were very consistent across all nine countries. The results from RODOS suggest that treatment costs are significantly higher with olanzapine than with risperidone without any clinical benefit to offset this.
Are Stakeholders the Only Source of Information for Requirements Engineers? Toward a Taxonomy of Elicitation Information Sources

Requirements elicitation consists in collecting and documenting information about the requirements from a system-to-be and about the environment of that system. Elicitation forms a critical step in the design of any information system, subject to many challenges like information incompleteness, variability, or ambiguity. To deal with these challenges, requirements engineers heavily rely on stakeholders, who turn out to be one of the most significant provider of information during elicitation. Sometimes, this comes at the cost of less attention being paid by engineers to other sources of information accessible in a business. In this article, we try to deal with this issue by studying the different sources of information that can be used by engineers when designing a system. We propose TELIS (a Taxonomy of Elicitation Sources), which can be used during elicitation to review more systematically the sources of information about a system-to-be. TELIS was produced through a series of empirical studies and was partially validated through a real-world case study. Our objective in this article is to increase the awareness of engineers about the other information providers within a business. Ultimately, we believe our taxonomy may help in better dealing with classical elicitation challenges and increase the chances of successful information systems design.
Comminuted radial head fractures treated by the Acumed anatomic radial head system.

OBJECTIVE The treatment of comminuted radial head fractures is still challenging. A radial head replacement is more effective in comminuted radial head fractures. The aim of this paper was to present the medium-term results of the Acumed anatomic radial head system (AARHS). METHODS This study was performed on 12 patients with traumatic elbow fracture and instability between 2008 and 2011 of whom 12 were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 60.8 months (19 to 77 months). The evaluation included a record of pain, function, muscle strength, contracture and rotation. The outcome was assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery total elbow scoring and a modified Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH) questionnaire. RESULTS The average flexion and extension arc was 130° (range, 110° to 140°). The mean range of elbow supination was 75° (rang, 60° to 85°) and pronation 80° (range, 65° to 90°). There were no complications such as infection, implant loosening, instability of the elbow, cubitus valgus, osteoporosis of the capitellum, or pain in the forearm and wrist. The mean DASH score was 11.9/100 (0 to 25/100). CONCLUSION The radial head replacement with the AARHS can provide effectively stability and good clinic results at the middle term following up. Our experience has encouraged us to continue using the AARHS in comminuted fractures, especially when instability of elbow is a potential problem.
Complicated acute cholecystitis ; protocol of management

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of management plan for acute cholecystitis (AC) patients according to patients' general condition and disease severity. Patients & Methods: advanced cases of acute cholecystitis (grades II-III) were evaluated for fitness for general anesthesia (GA) according to criteria of American Society of Anesthesiologists and fit patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), while unfit patients underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC). Results: Eighteen fit patients underwent LC; two patients (11.1%) required open conversion. 13 patients developed PO morbidities, but only two complications were surgery-related. Only one patient died secondary to surgery-related cause (MR of 5.6%). Eight patients underwent PC; 6 patients developed PO morbidities and one patient died during hospital stay due to surgery related cause (MR of 12.5%). Patients had PC or LC showed non-significant difference as regards time till 1 ambulation or oral intake and for ICU stay, but PC patients required significantly longer hospital stay (12.6 vs. 14.6 days). Conclusion: LC is effective definitive therapy if patient was fit for GA. For patients who are unfit for GA, PC is a feasible, safe and effective option with acceptable outcomes.
DDT resistance, epistasis and male fitness in flies

In Drosophila melanogaster, the DDT resistance allele (DDT‐R) is beneficial in the presence of DDT. Interestingly, DDT‐R also elevates female fitness in the absence of DDT and existed in populations before DDT use. However, DDT‐R did not spread regardless of DDT‐independent selective advantages in females. We ask whether sexual antagonism could explain why DDT‐R did not spread before pesticide use. We tested pre‐ and post‐copulatory male fitness correlates in two genetic backgrounds into which we backcrossed the DDT‐R allele. We found costs to DDT‐R that depended on the genetic background in which DDT‐R was found and documented strong epistasis between genetic background and DDT‐R that influenced male size. Although it remains unclear whether DDT‐R is generally sexually antagonistic, or whether the fitness costs noted would be sufficient to retard the spread of DDT‐R in the absence of DDT, general fitness advantages to DDT‐R in the absence of DDT may be unlikely.
Modeling the Occupational Well-Being of Finnish Social Work Employees: A Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis

ABSTRACT Survey data on work-related distress and well-being was used to explore the structure of the occupational well-being of Finnish social workers (N = 1220) with a focus on child protection workers using the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis method. A multidimensional model defines occupational well-being theoretically and this was empirically validated with the four dimensions of affective, social, psychosomatic, and cognitive/professional well-being. The findings imply that the occupational well-being of the three groups of social workers, child protection social workers, and social instructors can be explained with the same factor structure. Child protection social workers showed the lowest affective and psychosomatic well-being.
Nutrient Composition and Weight Evaluation of some Newly Developed Maize Varieties in Nigeria.

The weight and chemical composition of improved white and improved yellow dent maize was compared with some local floury maize varieties. The average protein content was 10.8%, 11.1% and 10.5% in improved white dent, improved yellow dent and local floury respectively. The major carbohydrate in all the varieties was starch with local floury having a slightly higher level of sugar. Improved yellow dent was significantly (P 0.05) change in the average weight of all varieties. The average weight ranged between 28.2 in improved white dent to 29.8 in improved yellow dent. The yellow dent variety will be particularly useful in improving level of micronutrient intake. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 7 No.1, 2002, pp. 27-29 KEY WORDS: Nutrient composition, white dent, yellow dent, local floury maize varieties.
In vitro mechanical evaluation and comparison of two crimping devices for securing monofilament nylon and multifilament polyethylene for use in extracapsular stabilization of the canine stifle

Summary Objective: To compare the tensile strength and stiffness of non-absorbable suture loops created with two types of crimping devices. Methods: Loops of monofilament nylon leader line (MN) of 18 kg, 36 kg, and 45 kg multifilament polyethylene (MP) with a crimp and MP with a crimp and knot were mechanically tested to failure in quasistatic tensile loading after being created with either a wave pattern crimp device or three applications of a single crimp device. Each testing group consisted of five samples. Tensile loading to failure at a rate of 9.5 mm/s was used. Failure was defined as a sudden drop in the recorded force. Results: All suture materials failed by breaking near the crimp tube with both crimp devices, with exception of the MP without knot, which slipped through the crimp tube using both devices. Sutures secured with the wave pattern crimping device were significantly stronger with a higher load yield, maximum load, displacement yield, failure displacement, and maximum displacement than the single crimp device. Loops of MP suture crimped by either device plus the addition of a surgeon's knot resulted in a significantly stronger construct than unknotted crimped MP constructs. Crimped MP combined with knot were significantly stiffer, but not stronger, than crimped 45 kg MN. Clinical significance: Performing extra- capsular repair for ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments with the wave pattern crimp system may result in lower failure rates due to the construct being significantly stronger than the single crimp system.
A Qualitative Analytic Case Study of Subliminal Gender Bias in Japanese ELTs

Bias is communicated via the “hidden curriculum”—the vehicle for the unspoken academic, social, and cultural messages that are communicated to students while they are in school. Revealing the hidden curriculum in English language textbooks (ELTs) entails an analytical and holistic approach to the content of the text and images appearing in school textbooks by connecting corresponding examples of subliminal bias which may be many pages apart. This article reviews existing Japanese and international literature on the gender bias created by the hidden curriculum before going on to present a Japanese case study of an ELT in widespread use in Japanese public junior high schools. It was found that while males and females are represented equally in terms of quantity, there exists a remarkable subliminal gender bias that affects young learners’ worldviews of female and male roles in society.
Geometrical Characteristics of Regular Polyhedra: Application to EXAFS Studies of Nanoclusters

EXAFS data modeling of nanoparticles can be done at a very high level of detail if regular polyhedral geometries are considered as possible structural models. Such geometries can be characterized by unique sequence of indices (coordination numbers) of the first few coordination shells that serve as a signature of a shape, size, morphology and packing model of atoms in the cluster. We wrote a suite of programs for cluster geometry generation and its pair radial distribution function analysis. The programs generate x,y,z coordinates and calculate the coordination numbers of the corresponding clusters for any order of a large number of regular polyhedra. We present the results for the first few nearest neighboring shells in the icosahedral, cuboctahedral, hcp structures for the small, 10–1000 atom clusters.
Baseline CD4+ T-cell counts and weighted background susceptibility scores strongly predict response to maraviroc regimens in treatment-experienced patients

Background Maraviroc-containing regimens are known to achieve virological suppression in many treatment-experienced patients. This study aimed to evaluate a more rigorous methodological approach to resistance–response analysis in large clinical studies and to better establish which subpopulations of patients were most likely to benefit from maraviroc by refining and extending previous subgroup analyses from the MOTIVATE studies. Methods Individual weighted optimized background therapy (OBT) susceptibility scores were calculated by combining genotypic or phenotypic resistance testing with prior drug use information. Virological response (HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml at week 48) using each of these methods was compared with a commonly used method of counting active drugs. Baseline predictors of virological response, including weighted or unweighted scoring, maraviroc use, baseline CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 plasma viral load and tropism, were assessed by logistic regression modelling. Results Genotypic or phenotypic weighted methods were similarly predictive of virological response and better than counting active drugs. Weighted scoring and baseline CD4+ T-cell count were the strongest predictors of virological response (P<0.0001): -70% of maraviroc patients with a weighted score ≥2 had a virological response, rising to -80% when the baseline CD4+ T-cell count was ≥50 cells/mm3. Conclusions Approximately 80% of patients with a CD4+ T-cell count ≥50 cells/mm3 receiving maraviroc with the equivalent of at least two fully active agents achieved HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml at week 48 in the MOTIVATE studies. Genotypic and phenotypic weighted scores were similarly predictive of virological response.
Characteristics of Corn Stover Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water and Fed-Batch Semi-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for Bioethanol Production

Corn stover is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production because of its abundant availability in China. To obtain higher ethanol concentration and higher ethanol yield, liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF) were used to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover and improve bioconversion of cellulose to ethanol. The results show that solid residues from LHW pretreatment of corn stover can be effectively converted into ethanol at severity factors ranging from 3.95 to 4.54, and the highest amount of xylan removed was approximately 89%. The ethanol concentrations of 38.4 g/L and 39.4 g/L as well as ethanol yields of 78.6% and 79.7% at severity factors of 3.95 and 4.54, respectively, were obtained by fed-batch S-SSF in an optimum conditions (initial substrate consistency of 10%, and 6.1% solid residues added into system at the prehydrolysis time of 6 h). The changes in surface morphological structure, specific surface area, pore volume and diameter of corn stover subjected to LHW process were also analyzed for interpreting the possible improvement mechanism.
The effects of corporate antitakeover provisions on long-term investment: empirical evidence

This paper's empirical results indicate that the average effect of antitakeover provisions on subsequent long-term investment is negative. The interpretation of these results depends on whether one thinks that there was too much, too little, or just the right amount of long-term investment prior to the antitakeover provision adoption. We use agency theory to devise more refined empirical tests of the effects of antitakeover provision adoption by managers in firms with different incentive and monitoring structures. Governance variables (e.g. percentage of outsiders on corporate boards, and separate CEO|chairperson positions) have an insignificant impact on subsequent long-term investment behavior. However, consistent with agency theory predictions, managers in firms with better economic incentives (higher insider ownership) tend to cut subsequent long-term investment less than managers in firms with less incentive alignment. Furthermore, managers in firms with greater external monitoring (due to higher institutional ownership) also tend to cut subsequent long-term investment less than managers in firms with less external monitoring. Thus, the decrease in subsequent long-term investment is significantly less for firms where the managers have greater incentives to act in shareholders' interests. Finally, there are interesting effects of the control variables. First, high book equity|market equity firms cut total long-term investment more. Second, firms that were takeover targets or rumored to be takeover targets cut long-term investment more. These results suggest that inefficient firms cut long-term investment more when an antitakeover provision is adopted. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between frequency of performance and perceived importance of health behaviours

The relationship between performance of health behaviours and their perceived importance was examined among 250 adults. Frequency of performance and perceived importance of 21 health behaviours, self-assessed health and the Big Five personality traits were measured. As expected, importance and performance were positively correlated. Self-assessed health was more strongly associated with performance than importance, and a model wherein importance affects performance, which in turn affects self-assessed health, was superior to a model wherein performance affects importance. The Big Five significantly explained performance, particularly conscientiousness, and importance explained performance beyond this effect. Consequently, importance perceptions should be considered when developing behavioural interventions.