Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between job insecurity and accident under-reporting: A test in two countries

Although the problem of accident under-reporting is increasingly recognized in the literature, less is known regarding work environment variables that predict the severity of such under-reporting. Data on perceived job insecurity and on the numbers of both accidents that were experienced and accidents that were actually reported over a period of one year were obtained from 786 employees in 24 US organizations and 563 employees in 20 Italian organizations in sectors where safety is highly relevant. Analysis of these data suggested that not only is job insecurity related to the likelihood of experiencing an accident, but also perceptions of job insecurity may serve to inhibit the reporting of accidents to appropriate company officials. Overall, the rate of accidents was lower in Italy than the United States. Moreover, in both countries, when job insecurity was low, there was little difference between the total number of experienced accidents and the number that employees reported. However, as job insecurity increased, the under-reporting of accidents increased. The implications of these results are discussed in light of the globally increasing prevalence of job insecurity in today's workplace.
Interpreting Research on School Resources and Student Achievement: A Rejoinder to Hanushek

Hanushek’s (1996) comment illuminates some of the ways in which he differs from us in approach and interpretation. Hanushek misunderstands the interpretation of meta-analytic results when (as in the present case) studies produce a range of different, but positive effects. We disagree with Hanushek on the role of statistical independence. While we do not regard multiple analyses of data on the same individuals to be as informative as analyses of independent data sets, Hanushek treats the two as equivalent. While publication bias remains a concern in research, we show that even overcompensating for its likely effects does not substantially influence our results. While disagreements persist, scholarly debate should not obscure the fact that the best evidence, upon close inspection and the application of appropriate statistical methodology, demonstrates that student achievement is related to resource availability.
Do disabled adolescents view themselves differently from other young people

Viewing physical disability as a stigma, quite a few articles have over the years dealt with issues relating to the self‐concept of adolescents with physical disabilities. Using the political guidelines stressing social integration and participation for people with disabilities as a starting point this article focuses on how indicators of social integration can explain variation in the self‐concept among adolescents aged 13–20. The analysis shows that there are small differences in self‐concept between disabled and non‐disabled adolescents. The analysis reveals however that parental behaviour is of significant greater importance for the self‐concept of disabled than for non‐disabled adolescents. Towards the end of the article the provoking question is asked if parents may serve as “gatekeepers” for social participation for adolescents with disabilities thus contributing to continuing segregation and stigmatisation.
Hydration and dehydration of crystalline and amorphous forms of raffinose.

The trisaccharide raffinose was prepared in its crystal pentahydrate, anhydrous methanolate, and amorphous forms and evaluated with regard to dehydration and hydration properties at various temperatures and relative humidities. The pentahydrate, when stored at relative humidities (RHs) of < 60% but > 10%, showed no loss of water after 3 months of storage at 30 degrees C. When stored below 10% RH, only one water molecule could be removed over a period of 3 months, whereas within 24 h at 30 degrees C in a vacuum oven, two water molecules were removed with no change in crystal structure. Increasing the temperature to 60 degrees C progressively removed the remaining three molecules, causing the crystal, however, to collapse into an amorphous form identical to one prepared by lyophilization. Rehydration at 30 degrees C, which was sufficient to reduce the glass transition temperature to < 30 degrees C, rapidly restored the pentahydrate crystal structure. Rehydration of the methanolate also restored the pentahydrate structure. The significant amount of water accommodated by raffinose in both the crystalline and amorphous forms would appear to make it a potentially useful water scavenger in certain types of dosage forms.
Effect of Leg Dominance on The Center-of-Mass Kinematics During an Inside-of-the-Foot Kick in Amateur Soccer Players

Abstract Soccer kicking kinematics has received wide interest in literature. However, while the instep-kick has been broadly studied, only few researchers investigated the inside-of-the-foot kick, which is one of the most frequently performed techniques during games. In particular, little knowledge is available about differences in kinematics when kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg. A motion analysis system recorded the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers placed upon the body of nine amateur soccer players (23.0 ± 2.1 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2), who performed 30 pass-kicks each, 15 with the preferred and 15 with the non-preferred leg. We investigated skill kinematics while maintaining a perspective on the complete picture of movement, looking for laterality related differences. The main focus was laid on: anatomical angles, contribution of upper limbs in kick biomechanics, kinematics of the body Center of Mass (CoM), which describes the whole body movement and is related to balance and stability. When kicking with the preferred leg, CoM displacement during the ground-support phase was 13% higher (p<0.001), normalized CoM height was 1.3% lower (p<0.001) and CoM velocity 10% higher (p<0.01); foot and shank velocities were about 5% higher (p<0.01); arms were more abducted (p<0.01); shoulders were rotated more towards the target (p<0.01, 6° mean orientation difference). We concluded that differences in motor control between preferred and non-preferred leg kicks exist, particularly in the movement velocity and upper body kinematics. Coaches can use these results to provide effective instructions to players in the learning process, moving their focus on kicking speed and upper body behavior
Further Research on the Musical Development Sequence

Following the publication in 1986 by Swanwick and Til1man ot a musical development model, further research in Cyprus gives parallel results, showing strong agreement between judges on the use of criteria for assessing children's compositions and articulating the same sequential order of development predicted by the spiral categories. This replication stronglx supports the original claim of an invariant sequence of musical developmenlt and demonstrates the predictive power of the model. A random selection ot children's compositions drawn from over 600 items collected in a different cultural setting, along with the use of seven independent assessors attracts exceptionally significant levels of correspondence between assigned criteria and the actual age of the children. Tests for variance and significhLnt difference suggest that the older two groups of UK children,Ire more advanced than their Cyprus peers. There are consequential implications fr music curriculum development, for assessment procedures, for further work on musical development, and on the relationship of composing to perform- ing and audience listening.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology First and Last Volume Automatic Query Expansion: a Structural Linguistic Perspective

A user's query is considered to be an imprecise description of their information need. Automatic query expansion is the process of reformulating the original query with the goal of improving retrieval effectiveness. Many successful query expansion techniques ignore information about the dependencies that exist between words in natural language. However, more recent approaches have demonstrated that by explicitly modeling associations between terms significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness can be achieved over those that ignore these dependencies. State-of-the-art dependency-based approaches have been shown to primarily model syntagmatic associations. Syntagmatic associations infer a likelihood that two terms co-occur more often than by chance. However, structural linguistics relies on both syntag-matic and paradigmatic associations to deduce the meaning of a word. Given the success of dependency-based approaches and the reliance on word meanings in the query formulation process, we argue that modeling both syntagmatic and paradigmatic information in the query expansion process will improve retrieval effectiveness. This article develops and evaluates a new query expansion technique that is based on a formal, corpus-based model of word meaning that models syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations. We demonstrate that when sufficient statistical information exists, as in the case of longer queries, including paradigmatic information alone provides significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness across a wide variety of data sets. More generally, when our new query expansion approach is applied to large-scale web retrieval it demonstrates significant improvements in retrieval effectiveness over a strong baseline system, based on a commercial search engine. Effectively retrieving relevant information from large document collections, such as those found on the web, poses many challenges that has seen continued research interest in the field of information retrieval. At the base of this problem is the ability to judge the relevance of a document for a user's query. Since the Cranfield experiments in document retrieval (Cleverdon, Mills, & Keen, 1966) it has been accepted that a user's query is an imprecise description of their information need. For this reason there is a strong interest in the use of query expansion techniques to augment the query, to arguably be a more precise representation of the information need, and allow more relevant documents to be retrieved. Such techniques have been shown to significantly increase average retrieval effectiveness (Lavrenko & Croft, 2001; Zhai & Lafferty, 2001). Although there have been a wide variety of query expansion approaches proposed in the literature, improvements in retrieval effectiveness have often …
Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Meta-Analysis of Research

Scholars disagree about the impact of the Internet on civic and political engagement. Some scholars argue that Internet use will contribute to civic decline, whereas other scholars view the Internet as having a role to play in reinvigorating civic life. This article assesses the hypothesis that Internet use will contribute to declines in civic life. It also assesses whether Internet use has any significant effect on engagement. A meta-analysis approach to current research in this area is used. In total, 38 studies with 166 effects are examined. The meta-data provide strong evidence against the Internet having a negative effect on engagement. However, the meta-data do not establish that Internet use will have a substantial impact on engagement. The effects of Internet use on engagement seem to increase nonmonotonically across time, and the effects are larger when online news is used to measure Internet use, compared to other measures.
Repetition-Induced Belief in the Elderly: Rehabilitating Age-Related Memory Deficits

This research examines the impact of age-related deficits in recognition and source memory on repetition-induced increases in belief in fictitious statements (the “truth effect”). Young and elderly subjects made recognition-memory judgments and rated the credibility of new and previously presented statements. Experiment 1 assessed the level of memory impairment in the elderly, as compared to the young, and its influence on the truth effect. The elderly, who had a greater tendency to make false-alarm errors in recognition and had poorer source memory for the claims, were more susceptible to the truth-inflating effect of repetition than were the young. Deeper (semantic vs. perceptual) processing was ineffective in reducing age-related deficits in memory or sensitivity to repetition-induced beliefs. Experiment 2 demonstrated that an imagery encoding task did provide more environmental support (a greater improvement in recognition and source memory for the elderly than the young) than did a perceptual encoding task. When both young and elderly subjects engaged in an imagery task during encoding, their memory performance was equivalent and age-related differences in the truth effect were abolished. Thus, it appears that the elderly are more susceptible to the truth-inflating effect of repetition, and this effect seems to be mediated via their poor memory. However, if memory is enhanced using environmental support, the elderly are no longer especially vulnerable to the truth effect.
From an envelope to a dream note and a computer – The award‐winning experiences of post‐war Japanese household accounting practices

This paper explores the development of household accounting practice in post‐war Japan through a review of reported experiences of the winners of an annual accounting prize scheme organized, since 1954, by the Central Council for Saving Information. While academic study of accounting at home is a developing area, analysis has tended so far to rely mainly on Anglo‐Saxon contexts. This paper’s examination of Japanese household accounting practice offers evidence from a very different context. The paper uses the prize schemes to document key changes in household accounting practice over the last half century which essentially has seen a switch in focus from short‐term budgetary control to lifetime planning and a growing concern with broader social and environmental issues. Such changes appear to be closely related to changes in the economic and social roles served by the Japanese household.
Maternal Strategies for Regulating Children's Behavior

The strategies that Japanese and American mothers use to gain compliance from young children were compared. Six hypothetical compliance-relevant situations were described to 58 Japanese and 67 American mothers. Their responses were scored for the rationale or cognitive structure they offered as a basis for compliance and the flexibility or psychological space evident in their negotiations with the child. Japanese mothers were more likely to utilize feeling-oriented appeals and demonstrated greater flexibility than their American counterparts. American mothers relied more extensively on appeals to their authority as mothers. The cultural contexts that contribute to these different responses are discussed.
Exploring Psychological Characteristics of Sexually Abusive Juveniles

In this chapter, the Adolescent Sexual Abuser Project (ASAP) Assessment MeasuresDutch Revised Version (ASAP-D) is presented. The ASAP-D is an assessment pack that measures several psychological characteristics which are generally considered relevant in the literature for the development and continuation of sexually abusive behavior in juveniles. After a description of the measures that comprise the instrument, its basic psychometric qualities are presented. 1 The chapters II and IV combined have been published as one single article in the Journal of Sexual Aggression, Vol. 12, Issue 2, July 2006, pp. 127-142.
Dynamic changes in gene expression during human trophoblast differentiation.

The genetic program that directs human placental differentiation is poorly understood. In a recent study, we used DNA microarray analyses to determine genes that are dynamically regulated during human placental development in an in vitro model system in which highly purified cytotrophoblast cells aggregate spontaneously and fuse to form a multinucleated syncytium that expresses placental lactogen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and other proteins normally expressed by fully differentiated syncytiotrophoblast cells. Of the 6918 genes present on the Incyte Human GEM V microarray that we analyzed over a 9-day period, 141 were induced and 256 were downregulated by more than 2-fold. The dynamically regulated genes fell into nine distinct kinetic patterns of induction or repression, as detected by the K-means algorithm. Classifying the genes according to functional characteristics, the regulated genes could be divided into six overall categories: cell and tissue structural dynamics, cell cycle and apoptosis, intercellular communication, metabolism, regulation of gene expression, and expressed sequence tags and function unknown. Gene expression changes within key functional categories were tightly coupled to the morphological changes that occurred during trophoblast differentiation. Within several key gene categories (e.g., cell and tissue structure), many genes were strongly activated, while others with related function were strongly repressed. These findings suggest that trophoblast differentiation is augmented by "categorical reprogramming" in which the ability of induced genes to function is enhanced by diminished synthesis of other genes within the same category. We also observed categorical reprogramming in human decidual fibroblasts decidualized in vitro in response to progesterone, estradiol, and cyclic AMP. While there was little overlap between genes that are dynamically regulated during trophoblast differentiation versus decidualization, many of the categories in which genes were strongly activated also contained genes whose expression was strongly diminished. Taken together, these findings point to a fundamental role for simultaneous induction and repression of mRNAs that encode functionally related proteins during the differentiation process.
Re-Mapping Credit Ratings

Rating agencies report ordinal ratings in discrete classes. We question the market’s implicit assumption that agencies define their classes on identical scales, e.g., that AAA by Standard & Poor’s is equivalent to Aaa by Moody’s. To this end, we develop a non-parametric method to estimate the relation between rating scales for pairs of raters. For every rating class of one rater this, scale relation identifies the extent to which it corresponds to any rating class of another rater, and hence enables a rating-class specific re-mapping of one agency’s ratings to another’s. Our method is based purely on ordinal co-ratings to obviate error-prone estimation of default probabilities and the disputable assumptions involved in treating ratings as metric data. It estimates all rating classes’ relations from a pair of raters jointly, and thus exploits the information content from ordinality. We find evidence against the presumption of identical scales for the three major rating agencies Fitch, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s, provide the relations of their rating classes and illustrate the importance of correcting for scale relations in benchmarking.
Eosinophilic Bronchitis, Eosinophilia Associated Genetic Variants, and Notch Signaling in Asthma

While much has indeed been learned about the biology and role of eosinophils, the paradigm of eosinophils has the pros and cons in development of asthma. To answer the questions in the black box, this review firstly discusses the biological and morphological differences between asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis (EB). EB is an interesting clinical manifestation of eosinophilic airway disease that does not involve airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), demonstrating that airway eosinophilia alone is insufficient to merit a diagnosis of asthma. Secondly, I will describe and discuss the effect(s) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes CCR3, IL-5 RECEPTOR ALPHA (IL5RA), and IL1RL1, and finally the in vitro and in vivo effects of Notch inhibition on both eosinophil differentiation and experimental asthma. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is not as important in the pathogenesis and maintenance of asthma as had previously been thought. However, the role of eosinophils in other asthma subphenotypes, including refractory or severely remodeled asthma, needs to be evaluated further. High-throughput methodologies such as genomics will facilitate the discovery of new markers of inflammation; these, in turn, will aid in the evaluation of the role of eosinophils in asthma and its various subphenotypes.
Gold fever(?): Sport and national identity – The Hungarian case

Owing to the changes in its technological and economic environment, the national contexts that previously defined the world of sport have changed dramatically. The contribution of sport in defining national identity has been discussed by many scholars across a range of national contexts. However, there has not been a critical examination of the role of sport in articulating Hungarian identity. This is somewhat surprising given that Hungary has been very successful in international sporting competitions producing a society that is rich in sport-related collective memories. The objective of this article is to explore the relationship of sport and national identity in Hungary within the context of globalization and social change. Using document analysis and a survey of a representative sample (n = 1027) of the Hungarian adult population the research focuses on public attitudes to sport, and within these, the different aspects of national identity. The achievements of elite Hungarian athletes are emphasized by (sport) politicians and by the media, having an impact on the opinions and expectations of citizens. The results show that for the majority of Hungarian society elite-sport success is important, however, identification decreases in cases of failures and scandals. Issues that are not related to elite sport are not as prominent although these may strengthen national integration regardless of performance success. elite sport, globalization, Hungary, national identity, sport consumption
PDDL+ Planning with Hybrid Automata: Foundations of Translating Must Behavior

Planning in hybrid domains poses a special challenge due to the involved mixed discrete-continuous dynamics. A recent solving approach for such domains is based on applying model checking techniques on a translation of PDDL+ planning problems to hybrid automata. However, the proposed translation is limited because must behavior is only over-approximated, and hence, processes and events are not reflected exactly. In this paper, we present the theoretical foundation of an exact PDDL+ translation. We propose a schema to convert a hybrid automaton with must transitions into an equivalent hybrid automaton featuring only may transitions.
Cultural Characteristics Dissociate Magnitude and Ordinal Information Processing

The SNARC effect reflects an association between the processing of quantity information and the side of response. A close relationship has been demonstrated between the direction of this association (SNARC effect) and reading direction habit. In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship between processing of magnitude and ordinal information processing. In the first experiment, bilingual Hebrew-English participants judged the ordinal position of letters in both the English (left-to-right) and the Hebrew (right-to-left) alphabet. The observed direction of the SNARC effect was congruent with the direction of reading in both languages. The second experiment explored the same task, but now the instructions emphasized the magnitude meaning of Hebrew letters (e.g., classify the letter as smaller or larger than 5). Contrary to Experiment 1, a regular left-to-right SNARC effect was observed. Finally, in Experiment 3, we demonstrate that this left-to-right-oriented SNARC effect is robustly observed in Hebrew participants if magnitude information is relevant to the task. Relevant interpretations regarding the observed dissociation between magnitude and ordinal processing are discussed.