Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Participates in Bereavement Research? A Review and Empirical Study

Despite high attrition rates in bereavement research, the issue of selection biases on health measures has been neglected. This raises doubt about many of the generalizations concerning health characteristics and recovery patterns among bereaved people. If it is the least distressed individuals who participate in bereavement research, such research would underestimate the impact of bereavement on health. If, on the other hand, it is the most distressed who agree to participate (e.g., because they want to talk about their loss), the health consequences of bereavement would be exaggerated. The first part of this article reviews attrition rates in bereavement research and demonstrates both the prevalence of low acceptance rates and the lack of knowledge about the bias due to such self-selection. In the second part, an empirical study is reported which provides evidence on the two conflicting hypotheses described above. The findings of our study show that depression does indeed affect willingness to participate but operates differently for males and females: Whereas widowers who were less depressed agreed to participate in an interview, the opposite was the case for widows: Those who were more depressed did so. This sex difference is explained in terms of sex roles in coping styles and norms for exhibiting emotions. Empirical studies of bereavement reactions need to take such selection biases in sampling into account.
Response Inhibition, Memory, and Attention in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Newly developed measures of response inhibition, verbal and non-verbal memory, and attention were applied to a sample of boys diagnosed with ADHD (n = 50; 14 predominantly inattentive type and 36 combined type) with no diagnosed comorbid conditions, who had received no stimulant medication for a minimum period of 20 hours prior to test administration. Performance was assessed relative to 50 individually age-matched control boys. Results revealed significant multivariate group differences on all three tests, supported by univariate effects on measures of verbal memory and attentional switching. In all cases, ADHD boys performed more poorly than the control boys. However, contrary to expectations, boys with ADHD made significantly fewer impulsive responses (false positives) on the specific measure of response, despite recording significantly more misses than the controls. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed according to ADHD subtype. The present research therefore demonstrates and more fully characterises the nature of the observed memory and attentional impairments in boys with ADHD and would appear to have clear implications for education and the further development of theory.
The chemorepulsive activity of secreted semaphorins is regulated by furin‐dependent proteolytic processing

The semaphorins are a large group of cell surface and secreted proteins implicated in axonal pathfinding. Here we show that the secreted mouse semaphorin D (SemD) is synthesized as an inactive precursor (proSemD) and becomes repulsive for sensory and sympathetic neurites upon proteolytic cleavage. ProSemD processing can be blocked completely by an inhibitor selective for furin‐like endoproteases or mutagenesis of three conserved dibasic cleavage sites. Its C‐terminal pro‐peptide contains a processing signal that is essential for SemD to acquire its full repulsive activity. SemD processing is regulated during the embryonic development of the mouse and determines the magnitude of its repulsive activity. Similarly to SemD, the secreted semaphorins SemA and SemE display repulsive properties that are regulated by processing. Our data suggest that differential proteolytic processing determines the repulsive potency of secreted semaphorins and implicate proteolysis as an important regulatory mechanism in axonal pathfinding.
Post-Conflict Anxiety in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): Aggressor's and Victim's Perspectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term consequences of aggression in socially living Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) focusing on the emotional response of both aggressors and victims of aggression. Both individuals involved showed an increase in the rate of scratching (a behavioural indicator of anxiety) in the minutes following the aggressive confrontation. Such increase was larger in victims than in aggressors. Multivariate analyses of the factors modulating post-conflict scratching showed that for both the aggressor and the victim the main predictor of post-conflict scratching was its opponent’s post-conflict scratching. These results suggest both opponents shared the same perception of the consequences of aggression, and responded with similar emotional arousal.
Differences in the impact of prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma over time

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum markers that reflect tumor progression, liver function, or liver fibrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on how their impact changes over time after diagnosis. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP), albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and FIB‐4 index were measured at the time of initial non‐recurrent HCC diagnosis in 1669 patients between 1997 and 2016. Survival rates after diagnosis were compared after stratifying patients by these markers. Time‐dependent receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was carried out to assess how these markers predict patient survival or death. Serum AFP and DCP levels, ALBI score, and APRI and FIB‐4 index were strongly correlated with HCC progression, liver function, and degree of liver fibrosis, respectively. Survival rates after diagnosis were significantly different when patients were stratified by these markers. In the time‐dependent ROC analysis, AFP and DCP had a high prognostic impact within 3 years of diagnosis but the impact decreased thereafter. In contrast, APRI and FIB‐4 index had higher prognostic impact 10 years after diagnosis. ALBI score had a high prognostic impact throughout the study period. Time‐dependent ROC analysis clearly showed changes in the prognostic importance of serum markers based on the duration after diagnosis. Whereas the prognostic impact of tumor progression markers was strong in the short term, liver fibrosis markers had higher prognostic impact long after diagnosis. Liver function had constant prognostic impact on patient survival after diagnosis.
Why we do things together: The social motivation for joint action

Joint action is a growing field of research, spanning across the cognitive, behavioral, and brain sciences as well as receiving considerable attention amongst philosophers. I argue that there has been a significant oversight within this field concerning the possibility that many joint actions are driven, at least in part, by agents' social motivations rather than merely by their shared intentions. Social motivations are not directly related to the (joint) target goal of the action. Instead, when agents are mutually socially motivated in joint action this is because they find acting with others rewarding in its own right. Moreover the involvement of social motivation in joint action typically enables individuals to achieve the long-term benefits associated with being part of a social bond. I argue that taking social motivations into account better prepares us for explaining a broader range of joint actions, including those that are of an antagonistic, competitive, or explorative character. Finally, I show that recognizing the importance of social motivations entails that joint actions (in general) should be understood as having the two primary functions of (1) achieving the intended target outcome of an action, and (2) attaining the benefits related to being part of a social bond.
Evaluating methods to rediscover missing web pages from the web infrastructure

Missing web pages (pages that return the 404 "Page Not Found error) are part of the browsing experience. The manual use of search engines to rediscover missing pages can be frustrating and unsuccessful. We compare four automated methods for rediscovering web pages. We extract the page's title, generate the page's lexical signature (LS), obtain the page's tags from the bookmarking website delicious.com and generate a LS from the page's link neighborhood. We use the output of all methods to query Internet search engines and analyze their retrieval performance. Our results show that both LSs and titles perform fairly well with over 60% URIs returned top ranked from Yahoo! However, the combination of methods improves the retrieval performance. Considering the complexity of the LS generation, querying the title first and in case of insufficient results querying the LSs second is the preferable setup. This combination accounts for more than 75% top ranked URIs.
Developing a scale for measuring the perceived value of cultural institutions

Previous research into the value of cultural institutions has emphasized a variety of benefits arising from cultural institutions such as social, educational and health-related impacts. An economic assessment of cultural institutions is usually made in monetary units. This one-dimensional assessment of value has been criticized for being elusive, disregarding the complex and multidimensional nature of cultural values. This article suggests scales for measuring the value of cultural institutions. Based on previous research, and an exploratory study on the perceived value of cultural institutions, this article describes the development of a scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Six factors comprise the scale: social, educational, health, image, identity and financial effects. The scale may be used to describe and compare the value of cultural institutions qualitatively. Conclusions about the perceived contribution of different institutions may be possible. From a policy perspective, the scale may allow an understanding of the contribution individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds perceive the cultural institution as making.
Co-proxamol and suicide

EDITOR—In 1998 an audit of suicides in Doncaster identified the alarming rate of co-proxamol overdose as a method of suicide: of the 44 suicides with prescribed drugs between 1995 and 1998, 18 were with co-proxamol (41%). 1 That this is much higher than the national figure of 18% quoted by Hawton et al2 may be because the rates of prescribing of co-proxamol …
Tagging cortical networks in emotion: A topographical analysis

Viewing emotional pictures is associated with heightened perception and attention, indexed by a relative increase in visual cortical activity. Visual cortical modulation by emotion is hypothesized to reflect re‐entrant connectivity originating in higher‐order cortical and/or limbic structures. The present study used dense‐array electroencephalography and individual brain anatomy to investigate functional coupling between the visual cortex and other cortical areas during affective picture viewing. Participants viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures that flickered at a rate of 10 Hz to evoke steady‐state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) in the EEG. The spectral power of ssVEPs was quantified using Fourier transform, and cortical sources were estimated using beamformer spatial filters based on individual structural magnetic resonance images. In addition to lower‐tier visual cortex, a network of occipito‐temporal and parietal (bilateral precuneus, inferior parietal lobules) structures showed enhanced ssVEP power when participants viewed emotional (either pleasant or unpleasant), compared to neutral pictures. Functional coupling during emotional processing was enhanced between the bilateral occipital poles and a network of temporal (left middle/inferior temporal gyrus), parietal (bilateral parietal lobules), and frontal (left middle/inferior frontal gyrus) structures. These results converge with findings from hemodynamic analyses of emotional picture viewing and suggest that viewing emotionally engaging stimuli is associated with the formation of functional links between visual cortex and the cortical regions underlying attention modulation and preparation for action. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural analysis of aftershock sequences from the 2004-2005 Great Sumatran Earthquakes

The Global Centroid Moment Tensor Database now records 771 solutions for aftershocks from the Great Sumatran Earthquakes of 2004-2005. The geometry of these aftershocks has been analyzed, with surprising results. In the south, the aftershock sequence was dominated by thrusts and reverse faults that were kinematically coordinated with the main shocks. The movement directions were on average towards ~220°, close to the direction of relative plate movement. These aftershocks define fault planes with attitudes consistent with Coulomb-Mohr failure due to horizontal compression of the crust above the main rupture. In the north, however, two competing movement patterns appear to have been operative, even on seismic timescales. Motion consistent with the effects of relative plate movement is reflected in right-lateral strike-slip parallel to northern extensions of the Sumatra fault, and on Andaman Sea transforms. Similarly, normal faulting that took place on Andaman Sea 'spreading centres' can be related to the effects of relative plate motion. But some motions are not compatible with the effects of relative plate movement, e.g., arc-parallel normal faults that allowed displacement towards the west, or left-lateral strike-slip faults parallel to spreading ridges in the Andaman Sea. This suggests that the initial rupture decoupled the over-riding lithosphere from the underlying gently dipping subducting slab, and thereby allowed a gravity-driven westward surge of extending Indonesian continental crust above a weak basal detachment. INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES RESEARCH SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Professor Gordon Lister Tel: + 61 2 6125 5541 Fax: + 61 2 6125 0738 Email: gordon.lister@anu.edu. au
Integrating Shaping and Skills Training Techniques in the Treatment of Chronic Treatment Refractory Individuals with Schizophrenia

Abstract Attentional impairment is both a core characteristic of schizophrenia and a factor in producing poor outcomes in rehabilitative treatment. While cognitive rehabilitation interventions have demonstrated some success, the severity of some clients' attentional impairment is such that they cannot attend to material in these treatments, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes. Several reports now indicate that shaping techniques can be used with severely attentionally impaired individuals to increase time on-task to the point where they can eventually participate in more traditional rehabilitation programming. This, however, often requires the person to be absent from skills training for several months. In this report, we describe procedures wherein shaping and skills training are administered simultaneously in an integrated fashion. Results indicate that this can be an effective technique to enhance attentional functioning and participation among attentionally disordered patients in skills training groups.
The Effects of Sales Message and Suspicion of Ulterior Motives on Salesperson Evaluation

This research investigates the extent to which a salesperson's presentation and consumer suspicion of ulterior motive affect salesperson evaluations and purchase intentions. Study 1 indicates that a salesperson's presentation plays an essential role in confirming or discontinuing consumer suspicion and that this process has important implications in the formation of salesperson attitudes. Evidence from Study 2 demonstrates that these interaction effects are mediated by persuasion-motive attributions. The findings also support a direct link between attitude toward the salesperson and purchase intentions. Collectively, these results extend the persuasion literature by demonstrating that suspicion of motive is a dynamic state in which consumers entertain rival hypotheses about the salesperson (e.g., is the salesperson truly motivated to help me, or motivated to make his or her commission? ) and that, depending on the degree of suspicion, the same salesperson's tactics will be processed very differently by consumers.
First malaria infections in a cohort of infants in Benin: biological, environmental and genetic determinants. Description of the study site, population methods and preliminary results

Objectives Malaria infection of the placenta during pregnancy was found to be associated with infant susceptibility to malaria. Other factors such as the intensity of malaria transmission and the nutritional status of the child might also play a role, which has not been adequately taken into account in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess precisely the parts played by environmental, nutritional and biological determinants in first malaria infections, with a special interest in the role of placental infection. The objective of this paper is not to present final results but to outline the rationale of the study, to describe the methods used and to report baseline data. Design A cohort of infants followed with a parasitological (symptomatic and asymptomatic parasitaemia) and nutritional follow-up from birth to 18 months. Ecological, entomological and behavioural data were collected along the duration of the study. Setting A rural area in Benin with two seasonal peaks in malaria transmission. Participants 656 infants of women willing to participate in the study, giving birth in one of the three maternity clinics and living in one of the nine villages of the study area. Primary Outcome Measures The time and frequency of first malaria parasitaemias in infants, according to Plasmodium falciparum infection of the placenta. Results 11% of mothers had a malaria-infected placenta at delivery. Mosquito catches made every 6 weeks in the area showed an average annual P falciparum entomological inoculation rate of 15.5, with important time and space variations depending on villages. Similarly, the distribution of rainfalls, maximal during the two rainy seasons, was heterogeneous over the area. Conclusions Considering the multidisciplinary approach of all factors potentially influencing the malaria status of newborn babies, this study should bring evidence on the implication of placental malaria in the occurrence of first malaria infections in infants.
ON COBORDISM OF MANIFOLDS WITH CORNERS

This work sets up a cobordism theory for manifolds with corners and gives an identication with the homotopy of a certain limit of Thom spectra. It thereby creates a geometrical interpretation of Adams-Novikov resolutions and lays the foundation for investigating the chromatic status of the elements so realized. As an application Lie groups together with their left invariant framings are calculated by regarding them as corners of manifolds with interesting Chern numbers. The work also shows how elliptic cohomology can provide useful invariants for manifolds of codimension 2.
Living Doubled-Up

Homeless youth face many barriers that limit success in the educational process. Subgroups of homeless youth frequently experience the educational process differently depending upon their residential context. Recent years witness the federal government’s expanding the definition of homelessness to include youth living doubled-up. This residential formation involves multiple families forced to live together as a result of economic crises. Although the largest subgroup of the homeless youth population, they are the least studied. This 7-month multiple case study of 4 adolescents living in Los Angeles uses data gathered from interviews, observations, and document analysis to explore how this residential context shapes educational participation. In particular, the division of labor and presence of a head of household influence how youth participated in school. Findings suggest (a) families have multiple ways of arranging doubled-up residences, and, (b) how the families structure the doubled-up residences influences educational participation.
‘It is passable, I suppose’ – Adult Norwegian men’s notions of their own bodies

The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how men aged 40–90 years with different educational and ethnic backgrounds talk about their own bodies, and how social dimensions, especially masculinity and age, are reflected in their talk. Eighteen men from a small rural town in Norway were interviewed. The findings indicate that the men have a complex relationship to their own bodies. Three main themes were found in the way they talked about their own bodies: functionality in relation to their everyday life and in relation to sport and physical activity; physical and mental health; appearance both in relation to how their bodies were perceived by others and in relation to their own perception of their body. The three themes were not mutually exclusive and were often interwoven in terms of how they were talked about. The results are discussed in relation to theories of masculinity with a focus on Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity. One of the conclusions that can be drawn from the project is that the men expressed their relationships with their bodies in conflicting and complex ways, including concerns which can be interpreted as gendered and age-related.
Optimization of the hölder image descriptor using a genetic algorithm

Local image features can provide the basis for robust and invariant recognition of objects and scenes. Therefore, compact and distinctive representations of local shape and appearance has become invaluable in modern computer vision. In this work, we study a local descriptor based on the Hölder exponent, a measure of signal regularity. The proposal is to find an optimal number of dimensions for the descriptor using a genetic algorithm (GA). To guide the GA search, fitness is computed based on the performance of the descriptor when applied to standard region matching problems. This criterion is quantified using the F-Measure, derived from recall and precision analysis. Results show that it is possible to reduce the size of the canonical Hölder descriptor without degrading the quality of its performance. In fact, the best descriptor found through the GA search is nearly 70% smaller and achieves similar performance on standard tests.
Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer : short-term outcomes of a randomised trial

Minimally invasive surgery reduces surgical trauma. Laparoscopic surgery restricts the extent of abdominal incisions, avoids manual traction and manipulation of abdominal tissue, and prevents undue blood loss, thus diminishing immune activation and catabolism as a response to surgery. 1,2 15 years after Muehe first did laparoscopic cholecystectomy, minimally invasive surgery has become the preferred approach for treatment of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and morbid obesity. 3–6 Although Jacobs and Verdeja 7 reported a case series on laparoscopic segmental colectomy in patients with sigmoid cancer in 1991, laparoscopic colectomy for cancer has not been readily accepted: the safety of the procedure has been questioned because of early reports of port-site metastases. Despite reduced morbidity and improved convalescence after laparoscopic operations for benign disorders such as gallbladder stones and reflux oesophagitis, surgeons have been sceptical about similar advantages of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer. The European, multicentre COLOR (COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection) trial aimed to assess laparoscopic surgery as curative treatment for colon cancer by analysis of short-term outcome and of cancer-free survival 3 years after laparoscopic surgery or open surgery for colon cancer. Data for cancer-free survival will be reported later. Here, the short-term results of clinical characteristics, operative findings, and post-operative outcome are reported.