Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after Arthroscopic Revision Rotator Cuff Repair

Background Although a number of reports have documented outcomes after open revision rotator cuff repair, there are few studies reporting results after arthroscopic revision. Hypothesis Arthroscopic repair of failed rotator cuff results in significant improvement in shoulder functional outcome and pain relief. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Multiple variables including demographic data, the number of prior ipsilateral shoulder surgeries, and tear size were recorded from chart review. An independent examiner then measured shoulder strength, range of motion, and shoulder functional outcome scores including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test, and visual analog pain scale. Paired t tests were performed to compare preoperative and postoperative measures. Additionally, contingency table analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for failure of repair requiring further surgery and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score less than 50. Results Fifty-four patients (88.5%) were available for follow-up evaluation with a mean age of 54.9 ± 10.1 years (range, 22.7-82.5 years) and a mean follow-up of 31.1 ± 11.9 months. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores improved from 43.8 ± 5.7 (mean ± 95% confidence interval) before revision to 68.1 ± 7.2 at final follow-up (P = .0039). The Simple Shoulder Test improved significantly from 3.56 ± 0.8 before surgery to 7.5 ± 1.1 at most recent follow-up (P < .0001). Visual analog pain scale scores improved from 5.17 ± 0.8 to 2.75 ± 0.8 (P = .03), and forward elevation increased from 121.0° ± 12.3° to 136° ± 11.8° postoperatively (P = .025). Greater than 1 prior shoulder surgery was associated with cases that required additional surgery (P = .031). Female gender (P = .007) and preoperative abduction less than 90° (P = .009) were associated with American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores less than 50. Conclusion Arthroscopic revision rotator cuff repair may be a reasonable treatment option even after prior open repairs and provides both improved pain relief and shoulder function. Nonetheless, results are not completely optimal. Female patients and those who have undergone more than 1 ipsilateral shoulder surgery are at increased risk for poorer results.
The Emergence of Words: Attentional Learning in Form and Meaning

Children improve at word learning during the 2nd year of life-sometimes dramatically. This fact has suggested a change in mechanism, from associative learning to a more referential form of learning. This article presents an associative exemplar-based model that accounts for the improvement without a change in mechanism. It provides a unified account of children's growing abilities to (a) learn a new word given only 1 or a few training trials ("fast mapping"); (b) acquire words that differ only slightly in phonological form; (c) generalize word meanings preferentially along particular dimensions, such as object shape (the "shape bias"); and (d) learn 2nd labels for already-named objects, despite a persisting resistance to doing so ("mutual exclusivity"). The model explains these improvements in terms of increased attention to relevant aspects of form and meaning, which reduces memory interference. The interaction of associations and reference in word learning is discussed.
ge-related changes in memory and effector T cells responding to influenza / H 3 N 2 and pandemic A / H 1 N 1 strains in humans in Zhoua ,

Age-dependent changes in the cellular immune response have been mainly described in CD8+ T cells, with relative sparing of CD4+ T cells. We show that in older compared to young adults, effector memory and effector CD8+ T-cell subsets responding to influenza A/H3N2 challenge have diminished cytolytic activity. In contrast, effector CD4+ T-cell subsets in older adults share similar phenotypic and functional
Conversion to the buffy coat method and quality of frozen plasma derived from whole blood donations in Canada

BACKGROUND: Canada converted from the platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) method to the buffy coat (BC) method of processing whole blood donations between 2006 and 2008. We measured coagulation variables in plasma units during this transition, in 2006 (PRP only), 2007 (BC and PRP), and 2008 (BC only) to test the hypothesis that this conversion would not affect frozen plasma (FP) quality.
Analytic families of holomorphic IFS

This paper deals with analytic families of holomorphic iterated function systems. Using real analyticity of the pressure function (which we prove), we establish a classification theorem for analytic families of holomorphic iterated function systems which depend continuously on a parameter when the space of holomorphic iterated function systems is endowed with the λ-topology. This classification theorem allows us to generalize some geometric results from [17] and gives us a better and clearer understanding of the global structure of the space of conformal IFSs.
Differences in quality of life between infertile women and men in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE To examine potential differences in quality of life between infertile women and men. DESIGN A descriptive, cross-sectional design. METHOD A questionnaire was used to collect individuals' sociodemographic data; the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool was used to collect information about quality of life. PARTICIPANTS The research sample comprised 248 infertile individuals (141 women and 107 men) admitted to the clinic for the first time for diagnosis and treatment between January 1 and June 30, 2007, and who voluntarily agreed to participate. SETTING The research was conducted at the Ege University Family Planning and Infertility Research and Training Center Infertility Clinic in Izmir, Turkey. RESULTS Physical health, psychological health, and social relations domain score means did not show significant differences between infertile women and infertile men (p>.05). However, score means for the environment domain were significantly higher (p<.05) for infertile women than for infertile men. Unemployed infertile men had significantly lower score means in the physical health and social relation domains (p<.01). No such significant differences were found for the other quality of life domain scores for infertile women or infertile men (p>.05). CONCLUSION In the environmental domain, the quality of life of infertile women was greater than that of infertile men. Variables affecting quality of life of infertile individuals were seen to affect women and men in similar ways. Nurses and health care professionals caring for infertile individuals should be aware of the factors that affect quality of life and should plan to meet their care needs accordingly.
Clinical and molecular genetic factors affecting postoperative seizure control of 183 Chinese adult patients with low‐grade gliomas

Background and purpose: Seizures are a common symptom of patients with primary brain tumors, particularly low‐grade gliomas (LGGs). Poor seizure control after surgery has a great adverse impact on quality of life in these patients. The present study aimed to identify clinical and molecular genetic factors that influence postoperative seizure control.
Visceral obesity: a "civilization syndrome".

The controversial question of the relationship between obesity and disease has been considerably clearer after the demonstration in several prospective, epidemiological studies that the subgroup of central, visceral obesity is particularly prone to develop cardiovascular disease, stroke, and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Visceral obesity is associated with multiple central endocrine aberrations. The hypothalamo-adrenal axis is apparently sensitive to stimuli, sex steroid hormone secretion blunted, and hyperandrogenicity is found in women. In addition, there seem to be signs of central dysfunctions in the regulation of hemodynamic factors after stress, and growth hormone secretion appears to be particularly blunted. Several of these endocrine abnormalities are associated with insulin resistance, particularly glycogen synthesis in muscle. Fiber composition with low type I/type II ratio might be secondary to the prevailing hyperinsulinemia, but low capillary density in muscle may well be of importance. In combination with elevated turn-over of free fatty acids (FFA) this will probably provide powerful mechanisms whereby insulin resistance is created. Portal FFA, from the highly lipolytic visceral depots may, in addition, affect hepatic metabolism to induce increased gluconeogenesis, production of very low density lipoproteins as well as to perhaps inhibit clearance of insulin. By these mechanisms a Metabolic Syndrome Visceral adipocytes seem to have a high density of several steroid hormone receptors, directing steroid hormone effects particularly to these depots. The net effect of cortisol is apparently a stimulation of lipid storage, with opposing effects of sex steroid hormones which also facilitate lipid mobilization, regulations most often found at the gene transcription level. Growth hormone inhibits cortisol effects on lipid accumulation, and amplifies the lipid mobilizing effects of steroid hormones. The combined perturbations of hormonal secretions will therefore probably direct triglycerides toward visceral depots. Circulatory and nervous regulatory mechanisms require, however, more attention. The multiple central endocrine and nervous aberrations of visceral obesity suggest neuroendocrine dysregulations, and have features characteristic of the hypothalamic arousal seen after certain types of stress, alcohol intake, and smoking. Such factors can be traced to subjects with visceral fat accumulation. Standardized stress, eliciting a "defeat reaction" in primates is followed by an apparently identical syndrome. This integrated picture of the multiple symptoms of visceral obesity is based on epidemiological, clinical, experimental, cellular, and molecular evidence. The ingredients of positive energy balance, including physical inactivity, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption are frequent features of modern, urbanized society. Visceral obesity may therefore be an expression of a "Civilization Syndrome. "
Evaluation of Residual Stress in Flip Chip Using 3‐D Optical Interferometry/FEM Hybrid Technique

Abstract: The residual stress in flip chips was investigated by a hybrid technique of 3‐D finite element method (FEM) and 3‐D optical interferometry. The residual stress consists of two parts: the chemical shrinkage stress caused by underfill curing and the thermal stress caused by coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch and cooling. Warpage and in‐plane deformation of the flip chip during the underfill curing and cooling procedure was real‐time characterised with an integrated 3‐D optical interferometry system. The measurement results were used to evaluate the chemical shrinkage stress and to verify/modify the FEM model for the analysis of thermal stress. It was found that the chemical shrinkage stress under isothermal curing condition is very small in average and negligible. As the difference between the simulated and measured thermal deformation falls within a limited scope, the accuracy of the simulated thermal stress can be guaranteed.
Secure Wireless Key Establishment Using Retrodirective Array

In this paper a new method of establishing secret keys for wireless communications is proposed. A retrodirective array (RDA) that is configured to receive and re-transmit at different frequencies is utilized as a relay node. Specifically the analogue RDA is able to respond in 'real-time', reducing the required number of time slots for key establishment to two, compared with at least three in previous relay key generation schemes. More importantly, in the proposed architecture equivalent reciprocal wireless channels between legitimate keying nodes can be randomly updated within one channel coherence time period, leading to greatly increased key generation rates (KGRs) in slow fading environment. The secrecy performance of this RDA assisted key generation system is evaluated and it is shown that it outperforms previous relay key generation systems.
On the AWGN MAC With Imperfect Feedback

New achievable rate regions are derived for the two-user additive white Gaussian multiple-access channel with noisy feedback. The regions exhibit the following two properties. Irrespective of the (finite) Gaussian feedback-noise variances, the regions include rate points that lie outside the no-feedback capacity region, and when the feedback-noise variances tend to zero the regions converge to the perfect-feedback capacity region. The new achievable regions also apply to the partial-feedback setting where one of the transmitters has a noisy feedback link and the other transmitter has no feedback at all. Again, irrespective of the (finite) noise variance on the feedback link, the regions include rate points that lie outside the no-feedback capacity region. Moreover, in the case of perfect partial feedback, i.e., where the only feedback link is noise-free, for certain channel parameters the new regions include rate points that lie outside the Cover-Leung region. This answers in the negative the question posed by van der Meulen as to whether the Cover-Leung region equals the capacity region of the Gaussian multiple-access channel with perfect partial feedback. Finally, we propose new achievable regions also for a setting where the receiver is cognizant of the realizations of the noise sequences on the feedback links.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions Interactive comment on “ Secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of aliphatic amines

The present paper by Murphy et al. is a good and conclusive presentation of the state of the art of secondary organic aerosol formed from amines. It further elucidates several possible production pathways by a number of smog chamber studies with a change in conditions, i.e. photooxidation, ozonolysis and nitric acid reactions. The authors have investigated several amines and the aerosol composition by two instruments: (a) a PILS-ion chromatograph and (b) a c time of flight-aerosol mass spectrometer. The study is well done and points out the high complexity of a smog chamber sys-
Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of couple stress fluids in rolling/sliding line contacts

Abstract A mathematical model is developed to analyse the effect of polymer additives on thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) behaviour under heavily-loaded rolling/sliding line contacts. The lubricant is assumed to be couple stress fluid and a non-dimensional couple stress parameter represents the molecular length of the additives. The Reynolds and mean temperature equations for the couple stress fluid (CSF) are derived using the rheological relationship presented by Stokes. The thermal EHL characteristics computed for polymer modified oils are found to have a strong dependence on the couple stress parameter. Polymer additives are shown to cause a significant increase in fluid-film thickness along with a noteworthy reduction in the coefficient of friction without any rise in fluid pressure. In addition, the polymer additives are found to cause a minimization of the thermal reduction in the fluid-film thickness as a well as decrease in fluid temperature, particularly under low speed-high load conditions, where fluid films are quite thin. These improvements are desirable in situations involving continuously varying slide to roll ratios, e.g. in gears.
Synthesis and properties of BCDA‐based polyimide–clay nanocomposites

Bicyclo[2.2. 2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA)-based polyimide–clay nanocomposites were prepared from their precursor, namely polyamic acid, by a solution-casting method. The organoclay was prepared by treating sodium montmorillonite (Kunipia F) clay with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide at 80 °C. Polyamic acid solutions containing various weight percentages of organoclay were prepared from 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenyl-1,1′-diyldioxy)-dianiline and BCDA in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone containing dispersed particles of organoclay at 20 °C. These solutions were cast on a glass plate using a Doctor's blade and then heated subsequently to obtain nanocomposite films. The nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal mechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermogravimetric analysis. The glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites was found to be higher than that of pristine polymer. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing organoclay content. WAXD studies indicated that the extent of silicate layer separation in the nanocomposite films depended upon the organoclay content. Tensile strength and modulus of the nanocomposite containing 1% organoclay were significantly higher when compared to pristine polymer and other nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was found to be higher than that of pristine polymer in air and nitrogen atmosphere. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Winter and Spring Temperatures on Temperate Tree Budburst Dates: Results from an Experimental Climate Manipulation

Budburst phenology is a key driver of ecosystem structure and functioning, and it is sensitive to global change. Both cold winter temperatures (chilling) and spring warming (forcing) are important for budburst. Future climate warming is expected to have a contrasting effect on chilling and forcing, and subsequently to have a non-linear effect on budburst timing. To clarify the different effects of warming during chilling and forcing phases of budburst phenology in deciduous trees, (i) we conducted a temperature manipulation experiment, with separate winter and spring warming treatments on well irrigated and fertilized saplings of beech, birch and oak, and (ii) we analyzed the observations with five temperature-based budburst models (Thermal Time model, Parallel model, Sequential model, Alternating model, and Unified model). The results show that both winter warming and spring warming significantly advanced budburst date, with the combination of winter plus spring warming accelerating budburst most. As expected, all three species were more sensitive to spring warming than to winter warming. Although the different chilling requirement, the warming sensitivity was not significantly different among the studied species. Model evaluation showed that both one- and two- phase models (without and with chilling, respectively) are able to accurately predict budburst. For beech, the Sequential model reproduced budburst dates best. For oak and birch, both Sequential model and the Thermal Time model yielded good fit with the data but the latter was slightly better in case of high parameter uncertainty. However, for late-flushing species, the Sequential model is likely be the most appropriate to predict budburst data in a future warmer climate.
AN EFFICIENT, FORWARD FAULT SIMULATION ALGORITHM BASED ON THE PARALLEL PATTERN SINGLE FAULT PROPAGAT

In this paper, we present a fast fault simulator, FSIM, for combinational circuits. FSIM is based on the parallel pattern single fault propagation (PPSFP) technique. The essential idea of FSIM is to simulate the circuit in the forward levelized order and to prune off unnecessary gates in the early stages. In this way, FSIM performs fault simulations only for the gates which are affected by 'the injected faults. Another key feature employed in FSIM is the use of multiple last-in first-out (L,IFO) stacks instead of the commonly used priority queue [9]. The propagation time of the mult,iple LIFO stacks is O(n) and that of the priority queue O(n log n), where n is the number of gates in the propagation zone of the fault under consideration. The two features achieve a substantial reduction of the processing time. Experimental results for ten benchmark circuits show that FSIM outperforms other competing PPSFP fault simulators, Moreover, the efficiency of FSIM is less dependent on the circuit structure than other fault simulators. Experimental results of FSIM for various packet sizes, i.e., the number of test patterns simulated at a time, are also presented.
Do Experiences Consistent With a Medical-Home Model Improve Diabetes Care Measures Reported by Adult Medicaid Patients?

OBJECTIVE The patient-centered medical home has gained much traction. Little is known about the relationship between the model and specific health care processes for chronic diseases such as diabetes. This study assesses the impact of features of a medical home on diabetes care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 540 patients with Medicaid (Medi-Cal) health insurance and type 2 diabetes in Los Angeles County was performed. The Primary Care Assessment Tools was used to measure seven features of medical-home performance. RESULTS The response rate of the patient survey was 68.9%. Patient-reported medical-home performance averaged a score of 2.85 ± 0.29 (on a 1–4 scale, with 4 equaling the best care). Patients who received more timely and thorough diabetes care reported higher medical-home performance in every feature except for the comprehensiveness-services available. For example, the first-contact access feature score was higher among patients who had an HbA1c test in the past 6 months versus those who did not (2.38 vs. 2.25; P < 0.05). Before and after adjusting for sociodemographics and health status, total medical-home performance was positively associated with each diabetes care measure. A 1-point increase in total medical-home score was associated with 4.53 higher odds of an HbA1c test in the past 6 months and 1.88 higher odds of an eye exam in the past year. CONCLUSIONS Features consistent with higher medical-home performance are associated with improvements in patient-reported diabetes care process measures, even in this low socioeconomic status setting. The patient-centered medical-home model may help in caring for people with type 2 diabetes.
Cope: Traffic Engineering in Dynamic Networks

Traffic engineering plays a critical role in determining the performance and reliability of a network. A major challenge in traffic engineering is how to cope with dynamic and unpredictable changes in traffic demand. In this paper, we propose COPE, a class of traffic engineering algorithms that optimize for the expected scenarios while providing a worst-case guarantee for unexpected scenarios. Using extensive evaluations based on real topologies and traffic traces, we show that COPE can achieve efficient resource utilization and avoid network congestion in a wide variety of scenarios.