Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Friction Durability of Extremely Thin Diamond-Like Carbon Films at High Temperature

To clarify the friction durability, both during and after the high-temperature heating of nanometer-thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, deposited using filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) and plasma chemical vapor deposition (P-CVD) methods, the dependence of the friction coefficient on the load and sliding cycles of the DLC films, were evaluated. Cluster-I consisted of a low friction area in which the DLC film was effective, while cluster-II consisted of a high friction area in which the lubricating effect of the DLC film was lost. The friction durability of the films was evaluated by statistical cluster analysis. Extremely thin FCVA-DLC films exhibited an excellent wear resistance at room temperature, but their friction durability was decreased at high temperatures. In contrast, the durability of the P-CVD-DLC films was increased at high temperatures when compared with that observed at room temperature. This inverse dependence on temperature corresponded to the nano-friction results obtained by atomic force microscopy. The decrease in the friction durability of the FCVA-DLC films at high temperatures, was caused by a complex effect of temperature and friction. The tribochemical reaction produced by the P-CVD-DLC films reduced their friction coefficient, increasing their durability at high temperatures.
Children's Environmental Response Inventory Among Finnish Adolescents

Abstract The Canadian Children's Environmental Response Inventory (CERI) was translated and administered to a group of Finnish schoolchildren aged between 10 and 15 years. The Directing Traits Test (DTT), which was developed in Finland, was given at the same time. Similar factors on the CERI and the DTT correlated positively and significantly. The Finnish results from the CERI test confirmed the age and sex distribution that was previously noted in Canada.
A Novel Insight into the Cardiotoxicity of Antineoplastic Drug Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin is a commonly used antineoplastic agent in the treatment of many types of cancer. Little is known about the interactions of doxorubicin with cardiac biomolecules. Serious cardiotoxicity including dilated cardiomyopathy often resulting in a fatal congestive heart failure may occur as a consequence of chemotherapy with doxorubicin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to doxorubicin on the changes in major amino acids in tissue of cardiac muscle (proline, taurine, glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, valine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine and serine). An in vitro interaction study was performed as a comparison of amino acid profiles in heart tissue before and after application of doxorubicin. We found that doxorubicin directly influences myocardial amino acid representation even at low concentrations. In addition, we performed an interaction study that resulted in the determination of breaking points for each of analyzed amino acids. Lysine, arginine, β-alanine, valine and serine were determined as the most sensitive amino acids. Additionally we compared amino acid profiles of myocardium before and after exposure to doxorubicin. The amount of amino acids after interaction with doxorubicin was significantly reduced (p = 0.05). This fact points at an ability of doxorubicin to induce changes in quantitative composition of amino acids in myocardium. Moreover, this confirms that the interactions between doxorubicin and amino acids may act as another factor most likely responsible for adverse effects of doxorubicin on myocardium.
Short-term combination of mycophenolate mofetil with cyclosporine as a therapeutic option for renal transplant recipients: A prospective, multicenter, randomized study1

Background. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), compared to azathioprine (AZA), reduces acute rejection and treatment failure in cyclosporine (CsA) and steroid regimens, but its effect on graft survival is unproven from prospective studies and prolonged use is costly. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of replacing MMF by AZA after 3 months. Methods. This 28 center, prospective, 12-month, parallel group, open-label study, randomized patients to three groups with microemulsion formulation of CsA (ME-CsA) and steroids as baseline therapy. Group 1 (n=158) received MMF for 3 months, replaced by AZA for 9 months; group 2 (n=162) received MMF for 12 months; and group 3 (n=157) received AZA for 12 months. Results. Treatment failure and the cumulative rate of acute rejection were significantly lower in the MMF groups compared with the AZA group (P =0.007 and P =0.03, respectively). Graft loss, death, and safety profiles of all three treatments were similar over 12 months, as were mean serum creatinine levels. Switching from MMF to AZA did not affect treatment failure. No patient in group 1 experienced a recurrent rejection after month 3, one patient died, and nine patients experienced first rejection episodes. Most rejections (6/9) were steroid-sensitive and histologically mild. Conclusions. Replacement of MMF by AZA after 3 months of therapy with ME-CsA and steroids provides comparable efficacy and safety profiles to continuous MMF over 12 months. Although apparently a cost-effective option, long-term studies are required to assess the benefit/risk ratio of this therapy switch in different patient subpopulations.
Career orientation and pedagogical training: conservatoire undergraduates' insights

This article explores music conservatoire undergraduates' career aspirations and notions of their pedagogical training, through biographical interviews with 16 students from the School of Wind and Percussion, Royal Northern College of Music. Findings suggest that pedagogical training, which begins in the second college year, serves as a catalyst for changes in career orientation. Students begin, however, with limited intention of teaching. Performance is commonly their focus at the outset. Furthermore, boundaries are perceived between conservatoires which offer elite performance training, and those with a broader curricular base. The practicalities of attracting future students, whilst offering apt and substantial pedagogical erudition within a performance-centred arena, are explored.
Genetic Architecture of Natural Variation in Rice Nonphotochemical Quenching Capacity Revealed by Genome-Wide Association Study

The photoprotective processes conferred by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) serve fundamental roles in maintaining plant fitness and sustainable yield. So far, few loci have been reported to be involved in natural variation of NPQ capacity in rice (Oryza sativa), and the extents of variation explored are very limited. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for NPQ capacity using a diverse worldwide collection of 529 O. sativa accessions. A total of 33 significant association loci were identified. To check the validity of the GWAS signals, three F2 mapping populations with parents selected from the association panel were constructed and assayed. All QTLs detected in mapping populations could correspond to at least one GWAS signal, indicating the GWAS results were quite reliable. OsPsbS1 was repeatedly detected and explained more than 40% of the variation in the whole association population in two years, and demonstrated to be a common major QTL in all three mapping populations derived from inter-group crosses. We revealed 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 7 insertions and deletions (InDels) within a 6,997-bp DNA fragment of OsPsbS1, but found no non-synonymous SNPs or InDels in the coding region, indicating the PsbS1 protein sequence is highly conserved. Haplotypes with the 2,674-bp insertion in the promoter region exhibited significantly higher NPQ values and higher expression levels of OsPsbS1. The OsPsbS1 RNAi plants and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited drastically decreased NPQ values. OsPsbS1 had specific and high-level expression in green tissues of rice. However, we didn't find significant function for OsPsbS2, the other rice PsbS homologue. Manipulation of the significant loci or candidate genes identified may enhance photoprotection and improve photosynthesis and yield in rice.
E‐scapes: The electronic physical environment and service tangibility

Tangible cues in a firm's physical environment play an important role in affecting consumer attitudes and behavior (Baker, Berry, & Parasuraman, 1988; Bitner, 1990, 1992; Darden & Babin, 1994; Donovan & Rossiter, 1982; Zeithaml, 1981). The physical environment has typically been conceptualized as in-store variables such as lighting, music, color, smell, and store layout, but the Internet has created a new type of electronic physical environment, the e-scape, based in cyberspace. This research investigates the role of tangibility in maximizing the effectiveness of an e-scape for service firms. The effectiveness of the Berry and Clark (1986) documentation, physical representation, and association strategies is explored by empirically examining the impact of Web sites employing these strategies on attitudinal and behavioral measures. The results suggest that the documentation strategy is effective for increasing the tangibility of services and elicits more positive evaluations of the service and the Web site, higher unaided recall, and higher loyalty. The results also indicate that the physical representation strategy is more effective than the association strategy in certain conditions. The mechanism driving these effects is described and managerial implications are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mild activation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) is neuroprotective in rat hippocampal slice models of ischemic tolerance

Ischemic tolerance is a phenomenon in which exposure to a mild preconditioning stress results in resistance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Here we investigated the role of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the development of ischemic tolerance by using organotypic rat hippocampal slices exposed to 30 min oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD), which leads to selective injury of the CA1 subregion 24 h later. We developed models of pharmacological preconditioning by exposing slices to subtoxic concentrations of either N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) or (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) and then, 24 h later, to 30 min OGD. Under these conditions, we observed a significant reduction in OGD‐induced CA1 damage. Exposure of slices to the PARP‐1 and ‐2 inhibitors TIQ‐A, PJ‐34 and UPF 1069 during preconditioning prevented the development of OGD tolerance in a concentration‐dependent manner. NMDA and DHPG preconditioning increased the activity of PARP, as detected by immunoblots using antibodies against the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymer product, but was not associated with consumption of cellular NAD+ or ATP. Neuroprotection induced by preconditioning was also prevented by the caspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK. The modest but significant increase in caspase‐3/7 induced by preconditioning, however, was not associated with PARP‐1 cleavage, as occurred with staurosporine. Finally, TIQ‐A prevented the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt induced by NMDA preconditioning, suggesting that the protective mechanism evoked by PARP requires activation of these prosurvival mediators. Our results suggest that preconditioning with appropriate pharmacological stimuli may promote neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by the sublethal activation of two otherwise deleterious executioners such as PARP and caspase‐3/7.
Normative Influence on the Acceptance of Information Technology

This article draws from the behavioral research literature to explore the mechanisms of normative influence and to evaluate measurement techniques that may be applied to studies of infonnation technology (IT) acceptance. Two widely accepted models (Fishbein and Ajzen 's subjective norm and Jackson 's Return Potential model of group norms) are evaluated as potential methods of measuring normative influence. The article also outlines the results of afield study that incorporated Jackson 's technique into the TechnologyAcceptance Model. In the field study, which considered software usage in 10 intact work groups, normative influence explained a significant portion of the variance in usage. The results suggest that normative pressures nay be more influential in technology acceptance than demonstrated in earlier research findings. Results also suggest that Jackson's model may be a viable alternative to the subjective norm measure.
Competências profissionais em Educação Física: uma abordagem ao longo da carreira docente

The objective of this study was to analyze the professional competences elucidated in the educational career of Physical Education teachers from school. 64 teachers of Physical Education of the municipal public net of Porto Alegre (RS) participated in the study. In the collection of data a questionnaire was used composed by open and closed questions, whose answers were classified based on the model of professional competence of Cheetham; Chivers (1998), with the application of the Software Nvivo 7.0. In the group of analyzed competences, it was identified that teachers with more experience are those that stand out the functional competences in their paths, characterized by the specific competence of the occupation and of the organization and administration. It stands out that the social and vocational dimension was preponderant in elapsing of the educational career, in the detriment of the interpersonal dimension of the social and personal competence. In spite of the importance of the ethics to the educational profession, the ethical competence and values was not expressive in the units of registration of this study.
FECAR: A Feature Selection Framework for Software Defect Prediction

Software defect prediction can classify new software entities into either buggy or clean. However the effectiveness of existing methods is influenced by irrelevant and redundant features. In this paper, we propose a new feature selection framework FECAR using Feature Clustering And feature Ranking. This framework firstly partitions original features into k clusters based on FF-Correlation measure. Then it selects relevant features from each cluster based on FC-Relevance measure. In empirical study, we choose Symmetric Uncertainty as FF-Correlation measure, and choose Information Gain, Chi-Square, and Relief as three different FC-Relevance measures. Based on some real projects Eclipse and NASA, we implemented our framework and performed empirical studies to investigate the redundancy rate and the performance of the trained defect predictors. Final results verify the effectiveness of our proposed framework and further provide a guideline for achieving cost-effective feature selection when using our framework.
Cross‐Cultural Differences in Risk Perception: A Model‐Based Approach

The present study assessed cross‐cultural differences in the perception of financial risks. Students at large universities in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the U.S., as well as a group of Taiwanese security analysts rated the riskiness of a set of monetary lotteries. Risk judgments differed with nationality, but not with occupation (students vs. security analysts) and were modeled by the Conjoint Expected Risk (CER) model. (1) Consistent with cultural differences in country uncertainty avoidance,(2) CER model parameters of respondents from the two Western countries differed from those of respondents from the two countries with Chinese cultural roots: The risk judgments of respondents from Hong Kong and Taiwan were more sensitive to the magnitude of potential losses and less mitigated by the probability of positive outcomes.
Duelling with dualisms: Descartes, Foucault and the history of organizational limits

Abstract Critical perspectives in organization studies often dismiss Descartes’ philosophical contribution because it is seen to legitimize a patriarchal and phallocentric mode of reasoning. In particular, the Cartesian mind–body dualism is said to reinforce gender inequality in organizations by privileging the rational mind over the emotional body. However, not only is this view incomplete and misleading, it also fails to consider the more significant division between reason and madness in Descartes’ work. For Foucault, Descartes’ Meditations plays a role in excluding madness from the domain of thought at the beginning of the classical age; this mirrors organizational practices of exclusion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, namely the incarceration of the mad in houses of confinement. This tells us that Descartes’ work has relevance for understanding the relation between philosophy and organizations in a specific historical context. In place of the historically de-contextualized use of philosophy we frequently find in organization studies, we propose that organizational scholars should seek to identify physical exclusions, conceptual binaries and historical breaks in order to conduct a critical ontology of the present – what we call a ‘history of organizational limits’.
Effects of Questionnaire Administration Condition on Children's Achievement-Related Beliefs.

Fifth graders' responses to a questionnaire assessing causal attributions, academic expectancies, and self-evaluations of smartness varied as a function of wheter the questionnaire was administered individually or in a group. Students with low grade point averages (GPAs) were significantly less likely to attribute their failures to external factors and significantly more likely to attribute their failures to insufficient ability in the individual condition than in the group condition. Students with high GPAs did not give different attributions in the two conditions. Administration condition also influenced children's academic expectancies
Clinical Policy Title: Fetal surgery in utero

ABOUT THIS POLICY: AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia has developed clinical policies to assist with making coverage determinations. AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia’s clinical policies are based on guidelines from established industry sources, such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), state regulatory agencies, the American Medical Association (AMA), medical specialty professional societies, and peer-reviewed professional literature. These clinical policies along with other sources, such as plan benefits and state and federal laws and regulatory requirements, including any stateor plan-specific definition of “medically necessary,” and the specific facts of the particular situation are considered by AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia when making coverage determinations. In the event of conflict between this clinical policy and plan benefits and/or state or federal laws and/or regulatory requirements, the plan benefits and/or state and federal laws and/or regulatory requirements shall control. AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia’s clinical policies are for informational purposes only and not intended as medical advice or to direct treatment. Physicians and other health care providers are solely responsible for the treatment decisions for their patients. AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia’s clinical policies are reflective of evidence-based medicine at the time of review. As medical science evolves, AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia will update its clinical policies as necessary. AmeriHealth Caritas District of Columbia’s clinical policies are not guarantees of payment.
Short-term Memory in Time Interval Production

This article summarizes results from several studies on the effect of nontemporal processing on concurrent time estimation. These studies use an experimental paradigm that was developed to interpolate various nontemporal tasks in time interval production. Produced intervals were specifically lengthened by increasing the amount of short-term memory processing performed in a concurrent search task. The interference was shown with many short-term memory tasks, using various durations and methods in the temporal task. The effect on temporal production seems to be positively related to the level of difficulty of the short-term memory task. Finally, processing item or order information affects simultaneous time production, whereas its maintenance has no effect. An interference analysis of these phenomena suggests that interruption in time estimation is caused by both temporal and nontemporal tasks simultaneously requiring processing in short-term memory. Cet article resume les resultats d'etudes sur l'effet d'u.
Detecting distributed cycles of garbage in large-scale systems

Distributed scalable garbage collectors, mostly based on some kind of reference counting, fail to detect distributed cycles of garbage. This problem may lead to important memory leaks in distributed storage systems. In this paper, we present a new algorithm which detects and collects such distributed cycles of garbage. Our algorithm is based on the propagation of marks along chains of remote pointers. It uses two new mechanisms: rain-max marking, to propagate two different marks to each stub, and sub-generation, to build an acyclic graph on a cycle using back-tracking information. A new technique, called optimistic back-tracking, is also used to speed-up subgeneration. The resulting algorithm is completely distributed, asynchronous, fault-tolerant and inexpensive. Moreover, it collects incrementally all distributed cycles of garbage, without partitioning the system. Thus, it is particularly well adapted to large-scale networks. Finally, it can be easily implemented with minor modifications of a local tracing garbage collector.
Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Galápagos Islands

Wildlife on isolated oceanic islands is highly susceptible to the introduction of pathogens. The recent establishment in the Galápagos Islands of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector for diseases such as avian malaria and West Nile fever, is considered a serious risk factor for the archipelago's endemic fauna. Here we present evidence from the monitoring of aeroplanes and genetic analysis that C. quinquefasciatus is regularly introduced via aircraft into the Galápagos Archipelago. Genetic population structure and admixture analysis demonstrates that these mosquitoes breed with, and integrate successfully into, already-established populations of C. quinquefasciatus in the Galápagos, and that there is ongoing movement of mosquitoes between islands. Tourist cruise boats and inter-island boat services are the most likely mechanism for transporting Culex mosquitoes between islands. Such anthropogenic mosquito movements increase the risk of the introduction of mosquito-borne diseases novel to Galápagos and their subsequent widespread dissemination across the archipelago. Failure to implement and maintain measures to prevent the human-assisted transport of mosquitoes to and among the islands could have catastrophic consequences for the endemic wildlife of Galápagos.