Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Single Mothers’ Roles as Gatekeepers Between Children and Nonresident Fathers

This study explores single mothers’ roles as gatekeepers in the relationship between children and nonresident fathers in families, where fathers do not have a history of shared residence with their children. Thematic analysis of interviews with 34 mothers in Ireland revealed that the majority of mothers adopted gate-opening strategies, including active facilitation of father–child contact, conditional facilitation, and adoption of a “hands-off approach” wherein mothers were open to—but not actively involved in facilitating—father–child contact. A minority of mothers were not open to their children having contact with their fathers (gate-closing). Underpinning mothers’ gatekeeping strategies were beliefs about the importance of fathers and a desire to protect their children. The findings indicate that gate-opening could be challenging for mothers as they were required to balance a tension between believing that father–child contact was important for their children and being concerned about their children’s well-being within the father–child relationship.
Decoding and Equalization with Analog Non-linear Networks

Using analog, non-linear and highly parallel networks, we attempt to perform decoding of block and convolutional codes, equalization of certain frequency-selective channels, decoding of multi-level coded modulation and reconstruction of coded PCM signals. This is in contrast to common practice where these tasks are performed by sequentially operating processors. Our advantage is that we operate fully on soft values for input and output, similar to what is done in 'turbo' decoding. However, we do not have explicit iterations because the networks float freely in continuous time. The decoder has almost no latency in time because we are only restricted by the time constants from the parasitic RC values of integrated circuits. Simulation results for several simple examples are shown which, in some cases, achieve the performance of a conventional MAP detector. For more complicated codes we indicate promising solutions with more complex analog networks based on the simple ones. Furthermore, we discuss the principles of the analog VLSI implementation of these networks.
Free Actions of Finite Groups on $S^n \times S^n$

Let $p$ be an odd prime. We construct a non-abelian extension $\Gamma$ of $S^1$ by $Z/p \times Z/p$, and prove that any finite subgroup of $\Gamma$ acts freely and smoothly on $S^{2p-1} \times S^{2p-1}$. In particular, for each odd prime $p$ we obtain free smooth actions of infinitely many non-metacyclic rank two $p$-groups on $S^{2p-1} \times S^{2p-1}$. These results arise from a general approach to the existence problem for finite group actions on products of equidimensional spheres.
The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth from z = 4 to the present day

We present an analysis of the deepest Herschel images in four major extragalactic fields GOODS–North, GOODS–South, UDS, and COSMOS obtained within the GOODS–Herschel and CANDELS–Herschel key programs. The star formation picture provided by a total of 10 497 individual far-infrared detections is supplemented by the stacking analysis of a mass complete sample of 62 361 star-forming galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) H band-selected catalogs of the CANDELS survey and from two deep ground-based Ks band-selected catalogs in the GOODS–North and the COSMOS-wide field to obtain one of the most accurate and unbiased understanding to date of the stellar mass growth over the cosmic history. We show, for the first time, that stacking also provides a powerful tool to determine the dispersion of a physical correlation and describe our method called “scatter stacking”, which may be easily generalized to other experiments. The combination of direct UV and far-infrared UV-reprocessed light provides a complete census on the star formation rates (SFRs), allowing us to demonstrate that galaxies at z = 4 to 0 of all stellar masses (M∗) follow a universal scaling law, the so-called main sequence of star-forming galaxies. We find a universal close-to-linear slope of the log 10(SFR)–log 10(M∗) relation, with evidence for a flattening of the main sequence at high masses (log 10(M∗/M⊙) > 10.5) that becomesless prominent with increasing redshift and almost vanishes by z ≃ 2. This flattening may be due to the parallel stellar growth of quiescent bulges in star-forming galaxies, which mostly happens over the same redshift range. Within the main sequence, we measure a nonvarying SFR dispersion of 0.3 dex: at a fixed redshift and stellar mass, about 68% of star-forming galaxies form stars at a universal rate within a factor 2. The specific SFR (sSFR = SFR/M∗) of star-forming galaxies is found to continuously increase from z = 0 to 4. Finally we discuss the implications of our findings on the cosmic SFR history and on the origin of present-day stars: more than two-thirds of present-day stars must have formed in a regime dominated by the “main sequence” mode. As a consequence we conclude that, although omnipresent in the distant Universe, galaxy mergers had little impact in shaping the global star formation history over the last 12.5 billion years.
The challenge of enterprise/innovation: a case study of a modern university

ABSTRACT In the prevailing economic and political climate for Higher Education a greater emphasis has been placed on diversifying the funding base. The present study was undertaken between 2012 and 2014 and addressed the implementation of an approach to the transformation of one academic school in a medium-sized modern university in Wales to a more engaged enterprise culture. A multimethod investigation included a bi-lingual (English and Welsh) online survey of academic staff and yielded a 71% response rate (n = 45). The findings informed a series of in-depth interviews (n = 24) with a representative sample of those involved in enterprise work (support staff, managers, senior managers), and those who were not. The results provided the platform for the ‘S4E model’ for effective engagement with enterprise: (1) Strategic significance for Enterprise, (2) Support for Enterprise, (3) Synergy for Enterprise, and (4) Success for Enterprise. The outcomes of the research and the recommendations from it have potential to inform practice in other academic schools within the university and, in a wider context, within other Schools of Education regionally, nationally and internationally. Its original empirical exploration of enterprise within education studies is a significant contribution to that body of knowledge.
Validation of chlorophyll fluorescence derived from MERIS on the west coast of Canada

MERIS on Envisat provides images of above‐atmosphere spectral radiance in 15 bands of the baseline spectral band‐set. This set includes three bands centered at 665, 681 and 709 nm, placed to measure the fluorescence emission from chlorophyll a in marine and fresh water phytoplankton at 685 nm, stimulated by ambient sun and sky light. We compare the observed fluorescence signal levels with measurements of extracted chlorophyll from research cruises and buoy data during 2002 and 2003, and with satellite estimates of chlorophyll from the blue to green ratio observed by MERIS. We present an average relation between fluorescence and surface chlorophyll concentration based on a simple model accounting for absorption of stimulating and emitted radiation by chlorophyll pigments, which gives a first‐order fit to the observations.
Title of Document : EARLY PHONOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF TODDLER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES

Title of Document: EARLY PHONOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF TODDLER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES Kayla Nicole Gerhold, Master of Arts, 2015 Directed By: Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Several studies have explored relationships between children’s early phonological development and later language performance. This literature has included a more recent focus on the potential for early vocalization profiles in infancy to predict later language outcomes, including those characterized by delay or disorder. The present study examines phonetic inventories and syllable structure patterns in a large cohort of infants as they relate to expressive language outcomes at 2 years of age. Results suggest that as early as 11 months, phonetic inventory and mean syllable structure level are related to two year expressive language outcomes (MLU, MCDI, and types). If specific patterns of production can be established for a typically-developing population then this will additionally inform clinical decisionmaking. Possible applications are discussed. EARLY PHONOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF TODDLER LANGUAGE OUTCOMES By Kayla Nicole Gerhold Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2015 Advisory Committee: Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner Chair Dr. Rochelle Newman Dr. Yi Ting Huang
Keyhole and multi-keyhole MIMO channels: Modeling and simulation

A simple and effective simulation model for keyhole multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is introduced. The keyhole is modeled as a pair of transmitting and receiving antennas relaying multipath signals from the transmitter region to the receiver region. In the separated transmitter and receiver regions, the double-directional radio channel (DDRC) model is used to model the multipath scattering. Our channel simulation model specially includes the effects of the transmitting and receiving antenna arrays such as antenna gain, radiation efficiency, port reflection loss, mutual coupling, and polarization loss all into the channel matrix through direct antenna numerical calculations with no need for any additional supplementary analytical modeling or postprocessing work. The model is capable of modeling both one-keyhole or multi-keyhole channels. Simulation results have confirmed the validity and accuracy of our simulation model.
FOREPOST: A Tool for Detecting Performance Problems with Feedback-Driven Learning Software Testing

A goal of performance testing is to find situations when applications unexpectedly exhibit worsened characteristics for certain combinations of input values. A fundamental question of performance testing is how to select a manageable subset of the input data faster to find performance problems in applications automatically. We present a novel tool, FOREPOST, for finding performance problems in applications automatically using black-box software testing. In this paper, we demonstrate how FOREPOST extracts rules from execution traces of applications by using machine learning algorithms, and then uses these rules to select test input data automatically to steer applications towards computationally intensive paths and to find performance problems. FOREPOST is available in our online appendix (http://www.cs.wm.edu/semeru/data/ICSE16-FOREPOST), which contains the tool, source code and demo video.
The Dose-Response Effects of Dissociation Training on Measures of Neuromuscular Control during Performance Screening in Male Youth Footballers

AIMS: Movement screens purportedly identify compensatory kinematics that predispose athletes to injury (Kiesel et al., 2011). The efficacy of assessing select competencies and prescribing remedial training based on screen outcomes however remains equivocal. The Foundation Performance Matrix Screen© (FPMS) supposedly profiles injury risk, subsequently directing its independent motor control Dissociation Training (DT) (Mottram and Comerford, 2008). However, there appears to be no research evidencing that DT can improve FPMS score or reduce injury. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the doseresponse of DT on kinematic and kinetic measures of neuromuscular control in male elite academy footballers. METHOD: The dose-response to DT therefore remains to be established. With institutional ethics approval, elite U15/16 and U17/18 male academy footballers comprised group one (n = 6) (G1) and group two (n = 8) (G2) respectively. G1 performed DT 1x week while G2 performed DT 3x week over eight weeks. Centre of pressure (CoP) total, anterior-posterior (X) and medial-lateral (Y) displacements (cm), sway velocity (cm∙s -1) and ellipse area (cm2) were recorded from participants’ non-dominant leg during a single leg stance test (SLST) and Y balance test™ (YBT). Force platform time to stabilisation (TTS), peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) and loading rates were recorded from a 20cm bilateral drop jump landing (DJL). The FPMS and YBT were scored according to respective guidelines. All tests were performed barefoot. Cohen’s d effect size (ES) was calculated from differences in means. RESULTS: Small ES for G1 (ES -0.180; 95% CI, −1.94 - 0.60) and G2 (ES −0.136; 95% CI, −0.12 - 1.62) FPMS scores were observed. Large ES for DJL loading rates (ES -1.89, 95% CI, 0.046 - 0.079) and YBT normalised anterior reach (ES 1.416, 95% CI, 66.30 - 73.29) were observed for G1 compared to G2 where trivial (ES 0.072, 95% CI, 0.067 - 0.095) and moderate effects (ES 1.104, 95% CI, 66.84 - 72.90) respectively, were observed. The magnitude of change for G1 was consistently greater for all DJL and YBT measures. Furthermore, SLST performance for G1 improved for all CoP measures whereas G2 decreased. CONCLUSION: The measures used to assess neuromuscular function indicate eight weeks DT had meaningful effects on neuromuscular control, however, the magnitude of effects were greater for G1 than G2. As SLST, YBT and DJL indicated greater effects and are all proposed to predict injury, they could be a suitable surrogate marker for assessing the effects of DT. These findings also suggest that a lower dose of DT is sufficient provided training is individualised.
In vivo confocal microscopy of the sclerocorneal limbus after limbal stem cell transplantation: Looking for limbal architecture modifications and cytological phenotype correlations

Purpose To correlate a biomicroscopic evaluation, an in vivo confocal microscopy examination, and impression cytologic findings of the corneal center and sclerocorneal limbus after cultured limbal stem cell transplantation and to test the effectiveness of in vivo confocal microscopy as a diagnostic procedure in ocular surface cell therapy reconstructive surgery. Methods Six eyes of six patients affected by limbal stem cell deficiency after chemical burns underwent ex vivo expanded limbal stem cell transplantation (two eyes) and ex vivo expanded limbal stem cell transplantation with subsequent penetrating keratoplasty (four eyes) to restore corneal transparency. One year after surgery, all patients underwent a biomicroscopic evaluation, central cornea impression cytology to detect cytokeratin 12 (CK12) positivity, and in vivo confocal microscopy of the central cornea and the sclerocorneal limbus to investigate the epithelial cellular morphology, limbal architecture, and corneal inflammation level. Results Impression cytology analysis showed CK12 positivity in five of six cases, in concordance with the biomicroscopic evaluation. Confocal microscopy pointed out irregular limbal architecture with the absence of the palisades of Vogt in all cases; the central epithelial morphology presented clear corneal characteristics in three cases and irregular morphology in the remaining three. Conclusions After successful ex vivo expanded limbal stem cell transplantation, in the presence of a complete anatomic architecture subversion, documented by support of in vivo confocal microscopy, the sclerocorneal limbus seemed to maintain its primary function. In vivo confocal microscopy confirmed the procedure was a non-invasive, efficacious diagnostic ocular surface procedure in the case of cell therapy reconstructive surgery.
Quality of Work Life and Its Related Factors : A Survey of Critical Care Nurses in Kashan , Iran , 2014

Background: Improving quality of work life (QWL) is a comprehensive process and is essential to attracting and retaining employees, especially in health care. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine quality of nursing work life and its related factors in intensive care units in Kashan city hospitals in 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 157 critical care nurses from September to November, 2014 in all educational hospitals of Kashan, Iran that had critical care units. A three part questionnaire was used in this study: demographic and professional characteristics, quality of nursing work life (QNWL), and the national aeronautics and space administration task load index (NASA-TLX). Data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi square and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS software, version 16. Results: The majority of the participants (N = 112) were female (83.3%), and the mean age of the subjects was 33 ± 6.98 years. Age, education, job position, job location, and a second nursing job in another hospital were found to predict QNWL. Among the six subscales of NASA-TLX, frustration and mental demand had the lowest and highest rating score, respectively. Temporal demand, frustration, and effort levels were significantly correlated with QNWL. Conclusions: It is necessary to pay more attention to the QNWL and its related factors, especially nursing workload, to improve quality of care as an organization goal.
Catechin Treatment Ameliorates Diabetes and Its Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Context: Diabetes mellitus causes atherosclerosis and lipid abnormalities. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative properties of catechin (CTN) have been reported in several studies. Objective: This study assesses the possible protective effects of CTN against oxidative damage in the diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into the control, untreated diabetic, and 3 CTN-treated diabetic groups (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal). The diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin. Catechin was injected for 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, glucose, lipid profile, apoprotein A-I (apo A-I), apoprotein B (apo B), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in serum. Statistical analyses were performed using the InStat 3.0 program. Results: Streptozotocin caused an elevation of glucose, MDA, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apo B with reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apo A-I, SOD, CAT, and GST in the serum (P < .05). The findings showed that the significant elevation in the body weight, glucose, MDA, TG, TC, LDL-C, and apo B and reduction in HDL-C, apo A-I, SOD, CAT, and GST were ameliorated in the CTN-treated diabetic groups versus the untreated group, in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05). Conclusion: The present investigation proposes that CTN may ameliorate diabetes and its complications by modification of oxidative stress.
β1 Adrenoceptor antagonistic effects of the supposedly selective β2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 on the positive inotropic effect of adrenaline in murine hearts

Studies on the relative contribution of β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptors (AR) generally employ selective β1‐ and β2‐AR antagonists such as CGP 20712A and ICI 118,551, respectively, and assume that antagonism by one of these compounds indicates mediation by the respective AR subtype. Here, we evaluated the β2‐AR‐selectivity of ICI 118,551 in ventricular muscle strips of transgenic mice lacking β1‐AR (β1‐KO), β2‐AR (β2‐KO), or both (β1/β2‐KO). Strips were electrically driven and force development was measured. In wild type (WT), ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/L) shifted the concentration–response curve (CRC) for adrenaline by about 0.5 log units to the right, corresponding to the known affinity of ICI 118,551 to β1‐AR but not to β2‐AR. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (10 μmol/L) shifted the CRC to the left, but did not enlarge the ICI 118,551 shift, indicating exclusive β1‐AR mediation even when PDE4 is inactive. In line with this, rolipram and ICI 118,551 had similar effects in β2‐KO than in WT. In contrast, β1‐KO did not show any inotropic reaction to adrenaline (+/− rolipram). In WT, the β1‐AR selective antagonist CGP 20712A (100 nmol/L) shifted the CRC for isoprenaline by 2.1 log units, corresponding to the affinity of CGP 20712A to β1‐AR. Rolipram increased the sensitivity to adrenaline independently of the presence of CGP 20712A. We conclude that effects sensitive to the β2‐AR antagonist ICI 118,551 are not necessarily β2‐AR‐mediated and CGP 20712A‐resistant effects cannot be simply interpreted as β2‐AR‐mediated. Catecholamine effects in murine ventricles strictly depend on β1‐AR, even if PDE 4 is blocked.
The “Bringing into Cultivation” Phase of the Plant Domestication Process and Its Contributions to In Situ Conservation of Genetic Resources in Benin

All over the world, plant domestication is continually being carried out by local communities to support their needs for food, fibre, medicine, building materials, etc. Using participatory rapid appraisal approach, 150 households were surveyed in 5 villages selected in five ethnic groups of Benin, to investigate the local communities' motivations for plant domestication and the contributions of this process to in situ conservation of genetic resources. The results indicated differences in plant domestication between agroecological zones and among ethnic groups. People in the humid zones give priority to herbs mainly for their leaves while those in dry area prefer trees mostly for their fruits. Local communities were motivated to undertake plant domestication for foods (80% of respondents), medicinal use (40% of respondents), income generation (20% of respondents) and cultural reasons (5% of respondents). 45% of the species recorded are still at early stage in domestication and only 2% are fully domesticated. Eleven factors related to the households surveyed and to the head of the household interviewed affect farmers' decision making in domesticating plant species. There is gender influence on the domestication: Women are keen in domesticating herbs while men give priority to trees.
The complete submillimetre spectrum of NGC 891

Submillimetre maps of NGC 891 have been obtained with the Programme National d'Observations Submillimetriques (PRONAOS) balloon-borne telescope and with the Infrared Space Observatory Photopolarimeter (ISOPHOT) on boardthe ISO satellite. In this article, we also gather data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) to present the complete submillimetre spectrum of this nearby edge-on spiral galaxy. We derive submillimetre emission profiles along the major axis. The modified blackbody fits, assuming a single dust component, lead to temperatures of 19-24 K towards the centre and 18-20 K towards the edges, with possible variations in the dust spectral index from 1.4 to 2. The two-component fits lead to a warm-component temperature of 29 K all along the galaxy, with a cold component at 16 K. The interstellar medium (ISM) masses derived by these two methods are quite different: 4.6 x 10 9 M O . in the case of the one-component model and 12 x 10 9 M O . in the case of the two-component one. This two-component fit indicates that the cold dust to warm dust ratio is between 20 and 40, the highest values being in the wings of this galaxy. Compared to dust mass estimates, both estimates of the ISM mass are consistent with a gas to dust mass ratio of 240, which is close to the Milky Way value. Our results illustrate the importance of accurate submillimetre spectra in deriving masses of the ISM in galaxies.