Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visualising Gender Wage Differences in the European Union

The purpose of this article is to illustrate differences in the gender wage gap in 13 EU member states, using figures taken from the Household Panel for 2000. The methodology is based primarily on the kernel density functions of men's and women's wages. A range of situations can be observed from the Mediterranean countries (with a smaller gender pay gap) to the very specific cases of Austria and the UK and to northern European countries where the gender pay gap is chiefly the result of a larger proportion of men at higher-paid levels. We also offer conclusions on the relevance of public employment, part-time employment and short-term hiring to explain the gender wage gap in each of the countries studied.
Defective organellar membrane protein trafficking in Ap3b1-deficient cells.

AP-3 is a heterotetrameric protein complex involved in intracellular vesicle transport. Molecular analyses show that Ap3b1, which encodes the AP-3 (&bgr;)3A subunit, is altered in pearl mice. To provide genetic evidence that mutation of Ap3b1 is responsible for the pearl phenotype and to determine the null phenotype, the Ap3b1 gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. Mice homozygous for the resulting allele, Ap3b1(LN), or compound heterozygotes with pearl, displayed phenotypes similar to those of pearl mice, confirming that Ap3b1 is the causal gene for pearl. Moreover, pearl is likely to be a hypomorph as the Ap3b1(LN) homozygotes had a lighter coat color and accumulated fewer of the micro3 and (&dgr;)3 subunits of AP-3 than did pearl mice. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis of fibroblasts and melanocytes cultured from Ap3b1(LN) homozygotes revealed that the lysosomal membrane proteins Lamp I and Lamp II and the melanosomal membrane protein tyrosinase were mislocalized. In particular, the Lamp proteins were clustered on the cell surface. These findings strengthen the evidence for an alternate pathway via the plasma membrane for cargo normally transported to organelles by AP-3.
Costs and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Second-Line Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Outpatient Community Setting

Introduction: A comparison of clinical and economic outcomes among patients receiving second-line monotherapy with erlotinib, docetaxel, and pemetrexed for non-small cell lung cancer was conducted using a large network of outpatient community clinics. Methods: We identified 610 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received 2L treatment from July 1, 2006, to June 30, 2008, and were followed up through July 1, 2009, to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), costs, and health resource utilization. Cox proportional hazards regression were used to compare PFS and OS across treatment cohorts. Economic outcomes were calculated per patient per month (PPPM) during a 12-month follow-up period. Results: There were 73 patients who received erlotinib, 87 received docetaxel, and 450 received pemetrexed. The median age was 67 years, and 55% were men. No significant differences in stage, baseline performance status, hemoglobin level, or body mass index were observed by treatment. The median OS was 132 days for docetaxel, 132 days for pemetrexed, and 155 days for erlotinib (p = 0.39). Adjusting for age, gender, stage, performance status, and hemoglobin level, there was no significant association between treatment type and OS (p = 0.36) or PFS (p = 0.26). Relative to pemetrexed, total adjusted costs PPPM was $1579 lower for docetaxel and $1584 lower for erlotinib (p < 0.05). Outpatient visits, laboratory procedures, and acute care visits were also less frequent with erlotinib relative to pemetrexed (−2.6 PPPM, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We observed no significant differences in OS and PFS between patients receiving erlotinib, docetaxel, and pemetrexed. Nevertheless, erlotinib and docetaxel were associated with a statistically significant lower costs and resource use relative to pemetrexed.
Stingray detection of aerial images with region-based convolution neural network

The image processing technologies have become a popular tool for biological related researches. In order to detect the specific animal from aerial videos, this paper attempts to use the region-based convolution neural network to implement stingray detection on aerial images obtained by UAV. The experimental shows that using Faster R-CNN algorithm as the target detector can achieve good detection accuracy with short computing time. It suggests that deep learning-based methods have considerable potential to aid real-time applications.
Risk Sharing and Compensation Guides for Managers and Members of Vertical Beef Alliances

Vertical alliances in beef are growing in importance. Alliances struggle with decisions on how to compensate members. Both conceptual development and empirical analysis are needed. A conceptual framework building on transaction cost and principal agent literature is developed and strategies for sharing feeding and packing margins are analyzed. Premiums for high-quality cattle increase revenues to the alliance. Margin and premium sharing interactions are investigated and guidelines are presented. Compensations that provide incentives for improving cattle quality help ensure the success of alliances as vertical coordination and quality control mechanisms. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
The ARF tumor suppressor: Structure, functions and status in cancer

The INK4b‐ARF‐INK4a locus encodes two members of the INK4 family of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, p15INK4b and p16INK4a, and a completely unrelated protein called ARF. ARF is a nucleolar protein with unusual structure that exhibits tumor suppressive functions. There is growing evidence that ARF signaling is complex, and involves p53‐dependent or ‐independent pathways aiming mainly at restraining abnormal cell growth and at maintaining genomic stability. As such, ARF is a critical component of tumor surveillance, and its expression is decreased in human tumors. In this review, we present the current knowledge on ARF regulation and major functions. The ARF status in human tumors is also briefly summarized.
Job satisfaction and gender: Evidence from Australia

This paper investigates six different aspects of job satisfaction (pay, job security, work, hours, flexibility and overall) by gender over a four-year period in the Australian labour market using the HILDA panel dataset. This paper contributes to the literature by building on initial Australian findings by Long (2005), which used HILDA’s Wave 1 dataset and concentrated only on overall job satisfaction. We find females to be more satisfied with five of the six job satisfaction measures. Running gender separated random effects ordered probit models, we report that gender differences with different aspects of job satisfaction can be partially explained by both personal and labour market characteristics. In particular, job satisfaction for females is far less influenced by past labour market participation compared to males. Differences in workplace characteristics are less pronounced though unionised females are less satisfied at work compared to non-unionised females; a finding far less pronounced for males. Given that past studies have found gender job satisfaction differences disappear for the younger and highly educated, we re-ran random effects ordered probit models for both ‘educated’ and ‘young groups’. Unlike previous studies, we find that younger females are still more satisfied at work compared to males in four of the six measures investigated. However, higher educated females are a much-different subset of employed females as a whole. They are only more satisfied with higher educated males with respect to pay, and are actually less satisfied with hours worked and job flexibility. Overall, the use of HILDA’s panel dataset has produced results both consistent and inconsistent with previous findings in the literature. Females’ higher level of job satisfaction is found, with no econometric (but statistical) evidence that it is being fully eroded over time. However, we find no evidence that younger females exhibit job satisfaction rates comparable to young males, while highly educated females have satisfaction rates that failed to match initial expectations and deserve further investigation.
FARM DIVERSIFICATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Under a new policy initiative, grants will be payable for the setting up of ancillary businesses on or adjacent to farms in the UK. While this initiative is to be welcomed, it is suggested that more could be done to develop the rural economy as a whole. Farm diversification grants, modelled on previous farm capital grant schemes, are focused on a narrow range of activities, for which demand is likely to be limited, and are most appropriate for the larger farm. They imply that farmine will continue to be the main activity and run counter to current trends. The goals of rural development and farm income support might be pursued more effectively by encouraging the creation in rural areas of off-farm employment, unrelated to agriculture, and suitable for members of families on low-income farms.
Functional and protein chemical characterization of the N‐terminal domain of the rat corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1

Rat corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1 (rCRFR1) was produced either in transfected HEK 293 cells as a complex glycosylated protein or in the presence of the mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine as a high mannose glycosylated protein. The altered glycosylation did not influence the biological function of rCRFR1 as demonstrated by competitive binding of rat urocortin (rUcn) or human/rat corticotropin‐releasing factor (h/rCRF) and agonist‐induced cAMP accumulation. The low production rate of the N‐terminal domain of rCRFR1 (rCRFR1‐NT) by transfected HEK 293 cells, was increased by a factor of 100 in the presence of kifunensine. The product, rCRFR1‐NT‐Kif, bound rUcn specifically (KD = 27 nM) and astressin (KI = 60 nM). This affinity was 10‐fold lower than the affinity of full length rCRFR1. However, it was sufficiently high for rCRFR1‐NT‐Kif to serve as a model for the N‐terminal domain of rCRFR1. With protein fragmentation, Edman degradation, and mass spectrometric analysis, evidence was found for the signal peptide cleavage site C‐terminally to Thr23 and three disulfide bridges between precursor residues 30 and 54, 44 and 87, and 68 and 102. Of all putative N‐glycosylation sites in positions 32, 38, 45, 78, 90, and 98, all Asn residues except for Asn32 were glycosylated to a significant extent. No O‐glycosylation was observed.
Time dependent effect of gentamicin on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and terminal digestion in rat intestine

Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used against life threatening gram negative bacterial infections, however, nephrotoxicity remains the major concern for its long term use. Although its effects on kidney are well characterized but there have been no studies regarding its effects on intestine. We hypothesize that GM causes adaptive coordinated effect on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and terminal digestion/ absorption in rat intestine. Rats were administerd a nephrotoxic dose of GM (80 mg /kg body weight) daily for 15 days and a time dependent effect was observed on various enzyme activities. Activities of lactate (LDH), malate (MDH) and isocitrate (ICDH) dehydrogenases, significantly increased and peaked at different time intervals of GM treatment. Whereas LDH activity remained higher, MDH and ICDH activity slowly declined from their peak values. Activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased but malic enzyme decreased in a time dependent manner. Activity of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase significantly increased but γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity decreased. GM administration increased lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase but decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The results indicate that GM treatment selectively upregulated certain enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and terminal digestion/absorption and perturbed antioxidant defenses. Human & Experimental Taxicology, (2007) 26, 587—593.
Solving the Riddle of Industrial Policy: A Comparative Perspective

Industrial policy would appear to be fertile ground for the application of evaluative comparison, that is, the use of comparative methods to elicit principles for policy improvement. Comparative methods have been used, although often on a highly selective basis, to support or rebut arguments about targeted government intervention in industry. This paper argues that it is only when industrial policy is reconceptualised as a system of incentives rather than as a set of allocative decisions that evaluative comparison comes into its own. By developing and applying the 'most different' method of comparison, it is possible to discern the key elements of successful industrial policy in a form which can be used to bring about practical improvement in any given country.
Leadership Role Profile and Job Satisfaction of Restaurant General Managers

Leadership roles (using Quinn's Competing Values Framework) utilized by managers of fast-casual, casual, and quick-service restaurants were compared for differences. Fast-casual managers utilize the greatest balance of leadership roles and are the most effective according to Quinn's model. Quick-service managers have the highest level of job satisfaction but utilize a less balanced and complete leadership role profile than other managers. No relationship was found between the use of leadership roles and job satisfaction, intent to stay, or demographic characteristics. Restaurant general managers tend to use the less complex and less risky leadership roles.
Deadly occupations: Assessing tuberculosis and accidental mortality among male workers in Sydney and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, 1909–1917

This study examines associations between occupation and cause of death among 802 working-age males (15 to 64 years of age) who diedin two single-industry communities (Glace Bay and Sydney) in Nova Scotia between 1909 and 1917. Employment in mining and steelmanufacturing is assessed for cause-specific mortality among men who died in Canada’s early industrial era, with a particular focus ondeaths due to tuberculosis (n=140, or 18% of deaths) and accidents (n=225, or 28% of deaths). Factoring in the effects of occupation,age at death, birthplace, community, and marital status, logistic regression results indicate that, among the men who died, occupation is a significant predictor for accidental deaths (relative to all other causes of death) but not for tuberculosis-related deaths. Interpretation of these results is grounded in a broader perspective on the nature of living and working conditions in these two single-industry communities.
Convergence and Upheaval: Managing the Unsteady Pace of Organizational Evolution

What distinguishes between success and failure as organizations respond to turbulent environments? This article demonstrates that the most successful firms evolve through periods of incremental change, punctuated by discontinuous, organization-wide transformations. While the most successful firms initiate these strategic reorientations prior to competition, mediocre firms initiate these changes only after performance crises, and failing firms are caught by inertia and never initiate reorientations. This article discusses the roots of organization inertia, the necessity for both convergent and frame-breaking change, and the role of the senior management team in initiating and implementing frame-breaking change.
History and epizootiology of rabies in Canada.

THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT RABIES existed in vampire bats in Central America before the discovery of the western hemisphere by Columbus. Constantine (7), qouting De Oviedo y Valdes (1526), states that "many of the conquering troops and their lifestock perished with rabies-like symptoms following bites by vampires. Natives were accustomed to avoiding the disease by washing the wound and cauterizing it with wood embers. " Many cases of rabies have been reported in man, domestic animals and wildlife in the United States during the last century (15). The purpose of this paper is to document the history and epizootiology of the disease in Canada.
Enhanced Absorption of Microwaves Within Cylindrical Holes in Teflon Film

Earlier publications demonstrated that 0.9 GHz microwave exposure induced notable changes of the conductivity of modified bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) formed in holes in thin Teflon film (TF). The aims of this study were: 1) to perform detailed calculations of the microwave field distributions in holes formed in TF, using the finite-difference time-domain technique and 2) to model microwave heating of the hole under the conditions used in the BLM experiments but in the absence of BLM in the hole. We found that with the E -field oriented perpendicular to the TF plane the local-specific absorption rate in holes increased significantly. The increase became larger with increasing electrolyte concentration and with decreasing diameter of the hole and frequency. The calculated temperature elevations in the hole were in good agreement with those determined experimentally. These findings allowed us to conclude that the microwave effects on BLM conductivity reported previously resulted mostly from the enhanced absorption of microwave energy by the membrane-forming holes and subsequent local temperature elevation in the holes.
THE ECONOMICS OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION

Abstract Natural resource economists have paid great attention to irrigation water allocations among competing users. However, the intrauser allocation problem is greatly understudied. As irrigation becomes increasingly capital‐intensive, inefficient within‐field allocation and ill‐designed water‐conservation policy can bring considerable value loss to the water resource. We offer a comprehensive treatment of the economic problem of the intrauser allocation of a limited amount of irrigation water. A framework is provided for determining optimal irrigation intensity and extensity in both static and dynamic settings. An empirical application in West Texas cotton production demonstrates model implementation and offers new insights into the water‐saving potential of government‐sponsored cost‐share programs for promoting high‐efficiency irrigation adoption.
Gradual Globalization and Inequality between and within Countries

This paper investigates the effects of gradual trade liberalization on intra-country and inter-country inequality. It assumes two countries, North and South, and two factors, skilled labour and unskilled labour. North is defined as the one that is relatively skilled-labour abundant and larger. A marginal trade liberalization from autarky is shown to (a) increase (decrease) in skilled-unskilled wage differential in the North (South) and (b) raise the inequality between North and South. As the global economy approaches free trade, a marginal trade liberalization has effects, which are the of (a) and (b); that is, the relative wage in the North and in the South, and North-South inequality decreases.
Fatal outcomes from liposuction: census survey of cosmetic surgeons.

Troubling reports of adverse outcomes after liposuction prompted a census survey of aesthetic plastic surgeons. All 1200 actively practicing North American board-certified ASAPS members were polled by facsimile, then mail, regarding deaths after liposuction. Patient initials together with case summaries precluded data replication yet assured patient anonymity and preserved surgeon privacy. Incomplete returns or ambiguous findings were authenticated, where feasible, by direct follow-up. Total number of lipoplasties performed by plastic surgeons was interpolated from the ASPRS procedure database for the survey time frame of 1994 to mid-1998. Lacking reliable annual case volume estimates, deaths from lipoplasties performed by non-ABPS surgeons were excluded from the actual mortality rate computation but were included in cause-of-death ranking statistics. Responding aesthetic plastic surgeons (917 of 1200) reported 95 uniquely authenticated fatalities in 496,245 lipoplasties. In this census survey, the mortality rate computed to 1 in 5224, or 19.1 per 100,000. A virtually identical 20.3 per 100,000 mortality rate was obtained in a 1997 random survey commissioned by the parent society. Pulmonary thromboembolism remains as the major killer (23.4+/-2.6 percent); lacking consistent medical examiners' toxicology data, the putative role of high-dose lidocaine cardiotoxicity could not be ascertained. Where so stated, many deaths occurred during the first night after discharge home; prudence suggests vigilant observation for residual "hangover" from sedative/anesthetic drugs after lengthy procedures. Taken together, these two independent surveys peg the late 1990s mortality rate from liposuction at about 20 per 100,000, or 1 in every 5000 procedures. Set beside the 16.4 per 100,000 fatality rates of U.S. motor vehicle accidents, liposuction is not an altogether benign procedure. We do not have comparable mortality data for lipoplasties performed by non-ABPS-certified physicians.
The Subservient, Co-Equal, Affective, and Social Integration Styles and their Implications for the Arts

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Burning the Midnight Oil

The Merit Systems Protection Board’s glass ceiling report worried that the inability of women with young children to work overtime may be unfairly hindering their career advancement. I investigated this possibility, using a large survey of federal employees. Overall, women were only 60% as likely as men to work overtime. Gender differences in both child care responsibilities and educational levels helped explain this pattern, as did differences in job demands. Among college-educated professionals and administrators, men’s and women’s overtime rates were quite similar, especially among employees at the same grade levels. Working overtime does appear to speed career advancement, especially for women, but overtime appeared to play a trivial role in gender inequality in pay, especially among the employees most likely to reach the top.
A New Database on General Government Debt

We present a new data set on credit to the general government sector for 26 advanced and 14 emerging market economies. The main benefit of these new BIS series for "public debt" is that they provide data with similar characteristics from across the globe, facilitating cross-country comparisons. Another distinctive feature is that the data set contains series expressed in both nominal and market value terms, allowing for a wide range of analyses. Lastly, the statistical concepts are identical to those underlying the BIS data set on credit to the private non-financial sector, published since 2013. Taken together, the data sets can thus provide a useful picture of the aggregated indebtedness of all non-financial sectors.