Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Stereotyping through Textbook Illustrations: A Case Study of Algerian Middle School Textbook- Spotlight on English

Research confirms that combining texts and illustrations in teaching materials, enhances learners’ achievements. However, many educators, authors and textbooks’ analysts may not share this claim. For them, the idea that the textbooks, in general and the textbook illustrations in particular have a positive/negative impact on EFL learners’ outcomes has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the side-effects of the use of textbooks’ illustrations and their influence on EFL learners’ attitudes from a hidden curriculum perspective. More specifically, this study is designed to determine if gender is portrayed in Spotlight on English1, a textbook of first year Middle School, in a neutral and impartial way. The sample of the study consists then of the above mentioned textbook currently in use and a number of pupils estimated as approximately 23 boys and 23 girls. To collect data, the textbook illustrations where male and female characters are shown, are content analyzed. To know how women and men are depicted, a set of well-defined variables are put forward. They include productive versus reproductive occupations, sport activities, and frequency of appearances. The results show that males’ illustrations outnumber the females’ picture representations. In addition, women were portrayed more often, in stereotypical activities that reinforce the traditional image of them in society such as being a teacher, secretary, type-writer, and top-model. Men were depicted in more outdoor, adventurous, and skillful activities such as being a doctor, journalist, veterinarian, and actor, among other occupations. Physical education and sport games are also depicted as a male-domain. It is also important to stress that, such a preconceived allocation of roles, attitudes and actions reduces the girls’ future prospects in their lives as well as boys’ attitudes and knowledge about people and how do they relate to each other DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n5p435
Financial Stability, the Trilemma, and International Reserves

The rapid growth of international reserves - a development concentrated in the emerging markets - remains a puzzle. In this paper we suggest that a model based on financial stability and financial openness goes far toward explaining reserve holdings in the modern era of globalized capital markets. The size of domestic financial liabilities that could potentially be converted into foreign currency (M2), financial openness, the ability to access foreign currency through debt markets, and exchange rate policy are all significant predictors of reserve stocks. Our empirical financial-stability model seems to outperform both traditional models and recent explanations based on external short-term debt.
Congruence and similarity of 3-manifolds

Let f be an integer greater than one. We study three progressively finer equivalence relations on closed 3-manifolds generated by Dehn surgery with denominator f: weak f-congruence, f-congruence, and strong f-congruence. If f is odd, weak f-congruence preserves the ring structure on cohomology with Z_f-coefficients. We show that strong f-congruence coincides with a relation previously studied by Lackenby. Lackenby showed that the quantum SU(2) invariants are well-behaved under this congruence. We strengthen this result and extend it to the SO(3) quantum invariants. We also obtain some corresponding results for the coarser equivalence relations, and for quantum invariants associated to more general modular categories. We compare S^3, the Poincare homology sphere, the Brieskorn homology sphere Sigma(2,3,7) and their mirror images up to strong f-congruence. We distinguish the weak f-congruence classes of some manifolds with the same Z_f-cohomology ring structure.
Fluctuations in an equilibrium convective ensemble. Part I: Theoretical formulation

To provide a theoretical basis for stochastic parameterization of cumulus convection, the equilibrium fluctuations of a field of cumulus clouds under homogeneous large-scale forcing are derived statistically, using the Gibbs canonical ensemble from statistical mechanics. In the limit of noninteracting convective cells, the statistics of these convective fluctuations can be written in terms of the large-scale, externally constrained properties of the system. Using this framework, the probability density function of individual cloud mass fluxes is shown to be exponential. An analytical expression for the distribution function of total mass flux over a region of given size is also derived, and the variance of this distribution is found to be inversely related to the mean number of clouds in the ensemble. In a companion paper, these theoretical predictions are tested against cloud resolving model data.
The Process of Urbanization in Africa (From the Origins to the Beginning of Independence)

The concept of the city on the sub-Saharan continent presents a vast field of study whose limits we must define. Urbanization entails spatial, social, and temporal phenomena and thus almost by definition requires an interdisciplinary approach. Such an approach could certainly encompass history, geography, demographics, economics, political science, architecture and town planning, as well as anthropology and sociology. The interdisciplinary study of urbanization deserves emphasis because the research conducted in these different directions over the course of the past twenty-five years has been very uneven. We must not confuse the concepts of urbanization and modernization, although to distinguish the difference between the two can be a delicate matter. Since the colonial intrusion, the importance of making such a distinction is all the greater because the development of the former notion was subsumed by that of the latter. Another remark: The author's personality, in writing this overview paper, is obviously present. As a piece of work written by an historian, this text takes into account the past of African cities and their evolutionary process, from their pristine origins to the eve of independence. This paper is mainly about the past, it touches only occasionally on the characteristics of modern African towns since independence and their likely future; in spite of social sciences constituting a whole, an individual cannot grasp everything. The analyses devoted to town planning and urban economics have been left to another specialist. In conformity with the author's education and interests, temporal dimensions will receive priority over transversal conceptual divisions; thus, the concept of time and change will tend to be neglected.
Advanced Play Therapy: Essential Conditions, Knowledge, and Skills for Child Practice

History, Rationale and Purpose of Play. A Primer on Child Development. A Philosophy of Working with Children: The Child-centered Way. The Person, Knowledge, and Skills of the Play Therapist. Basics of Play Therapy. Limit Setting. Themes in Play Therapy. Progress and Termination. Parent Consultation. Aggression In and Out of the Playroom. Group Play Therapy. Play Therapy in the Schools. Play Therapy in Community Agencies and Private Practice. Supervision of Play Therapy. Evidentiary Research in Child-centered Play Therapy. Appendix: Child-centered Play Therapy Treatment Manual.
Conceptual Metaphors in Mylo Xyloto Album by Coldplay

This study investigates Conceptual Metaphor (CM) used in song lyrics. The study uses the song lyrics of Coldplay's album entitled Mylo Xyloto as data. In analyzing the data, the qualitative method especially a case study is used. Furthermore, the data are analyzed using the framework of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980a, 1980b; Kovesces, 2002, 2010). The study found that the dominant conceptual metaphors used are about life, love, changes and conditions, namely LIFE IS JOURNEY, CHANGES ARE MOVEMENT, PURPOSES ARE DESTINATION, LOVE IS A UNITY, LOVE IS WAR, LOVE IS STRUGGLE, STATES ARE LOCATIONS, and LESS IS DOWN.
Student Perceptions and Preferences for Feedback

Provision of effective and high quality feedback has been identified as a key element of quality teaching. Despite its importance this area has been neglected in research to date; in particular research on student experiences of feedback. In a previous study Rowe and Wood (2008) invited economic and finance students (both undergraduate and postgraduate) to attend focus groups and individual interviews. In line with previous research the authors found that students valued feedback, and were aware of its importance to achieving learning outcomes. The aim of the present study is to extend the findings of the previous qualitative study with quantitative data. A survey was developed from themes identified in the focus groups and was distributed to a large cohort of students at Macquarie University and Canberra University. Some preliminary results are provided.
Background verbal and physical anger: a comparison of children's responses to adult-adult and adult-child arguments.

Children's responses to adult-child conflict were examined and compared to their responses to adult-adult conflict. These responses were further analyzed in relation to 2 forms of anger expression: verbal and physical. 6-7- and 9-10-year-olds were interviewed after viewing videotaped segments of angry arguments. Although children were distressed by both adult-child and adult-adult conflict, the participants in conflict and form of anger expression moderated some of their responses. In adult-child conflict, children were more scared in response to physical versus verbal arguments. For verbal arguments, some children felt both more scared and mad during adult-adult conflict in comparison to adult-child conflict; however, the percentage of children reporting fear and anger was small. Intervention in conflict through siding with one party occurred more frequently in adult-child conflict versus adult-adult conflict. Responses were further moderated by the age and gender of the subject.
A 32 x 32 capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array manufactured in standard CMOS

As ultrasound imagers become increasingly portable and lower cost, breakthroughs in transducer technology will be needed to provide high-resolution, real-time 3-D imaging while maintaining the affordability needed for portable systems. This paper presents a 32 × 32 ultrasound array prototype, manufactured using a CMUT-in-CMOS approach whereby ultrasonic transducer elements and readout circuits are integrated on a single chip using a standard integrated circuit manufacturing process in a commercial CMOS foundry. Only blanket wet-etch and sealing steps are added to complete the MEMS devices after the CMOS process. This process typically yields better than 99% working elements per array, with less than ±1.5 dB variation in receive sensitivity among the 1024 individually addressable elements. The CMUT pulseecho frequency response is typically centered at 2.1 MHz with a -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 60%, and elements are arranged on a 250 μm hexagonal grid (less than half-wavelength pitch). Multiplexers and CMOS buffers within the array are used to make on-chip routing manageable, reduce the number of physical output leads, and drive the transducer cable. The array has been interfaced to a commercial imager as well as a set of custom transmit and receive electronics, and volumetric images of nylon fishing line targets have been produced.
A novel approach to calibrate open-loop amplifier nonlinearities through piecewise linear interpolation

A new digitally assisted background calibration method, applying piecewise linear interpolation instead of ROM and LUT, is presented. The method aims to correct the linear and nonlinear errors introduced by the inter-stage open-loop amplifier. Data approach is adopted to achieve third order error compensation, without applying of ROM and LUT. The calibration algorithm is verified in a 12 bits 40MHz pipeline ADC, the ADC is simulated under Global Foundry 0.18um CMOS technology. Simulation results show that, the algorithm converges in 500 samples. By applying the calibration, the DNL improves 0.25LSB, INL improves 18LSB, SFDR changes from 36.1dB to 78.8dB.
Improving Clinical Judgment and Decision Making in Forensic Evalution

Psychologists, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals are frequently involved as expert witnesses in legal proceedings. However, clinical judgment and decision making, which play a role in almost all clinical evaluations, have problems and limitations. Mental health professionals who conduct forensic examinations should be aware of these problems and take steps to address them. This article details the limitations of clinical judgment and decision making, and suggests ways to minimize associated problems, thereby improving the validity and utility of forensic evaluations.
Immunologic Fecal Occult Blood Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background To clarify the limitations of immunologic fecal occult blood tests (IFOBT) as a screening method for colorectal cancer (CRC), we analyzed data from a total colonoscopy (TCS) and an IFOBT independently performed in asymptomatic average-risk adults, undergoing a complete medical check-up on a single day. Methods Colonoscopic screening examinations were performed by IFOBT on 7,797 asymptomatic adults enrolled for a complete medical check-up at our hospital between July 1998 and July 2002. Results A total of 19 cancers and 53 large adenomas (10mm or more in diameter) were detected using TCS: 18 in early stages of cancer and 1 in advanced stages of cancer. The sensitivity of IFOBTs for cancer was 52.6% and for large adenoma was 24.5%. Seven cancers (36.8%) were found in the proximal colon, and 34 large adenomas (64.2%). Of the 12 cancers found in the distal colon, 7 (58.3%) had a positive IFOBT. On the other hand, 3 of the 7 proximal cancers (42.9%) had a positive IFOBT. The positive rates of IFOBT for large adenoma found in the distal and proximal colon were 7 out of 19 (36.8%) and 6 out of 34 (17.6%) respectively. There was a tendency for lesions in the proximal colon to have a lower IFOBT positive rate than those in the distal colon. From the results above, approximately one half of both cancers and large adenomas would have been missed using just IFOBT as a screening test. Conclusion The sensitivity of IFOBT for screening for cancers and large adenomas was lower in the proximal colon than in the distal colon.
Defending the Rorschach in Court: An Analysis of Admissibility Using Legal and Professional Standards

There are a number of legal and professional standards that guide admissibility of expert testimony and psychometric evidence. The most important legal tests for admissibility include the Federal Rules of Evidence (1992), the Frye test (United States v. Frye, 1923), and the Daubert standard (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1993). Within the profession, Heilbrun (1992) and Marlowe (1995) have outlined criteria for the selection of psychological tests in forensic settings. Using these legal and professional standards, the Rorschach is analyzed according to individual criteria Although several issues require additional research, it is concluded that the status of the Rorschach Inkblot Method is such that it satisfies legal tests of admissibility and professional criteria that have been suggested. In those cases where the Rorschach is apt to be deemed inadmissible, it is likely due to how data from the instrument are utilized, rather than characteristics of the instrument itself.
Quantifying the treatment goals of people recently diagnosed with schizophrenia using best–worst scaling

Objective This study seeks to quantify the treatment goals of people recently diagnosed with schizophrenia and explore their impact on treatment plan. Methods People aged 18–35 years with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia within the past 5 years were surveyed in the UK, Germany, and Italy. Treatment goals were assessed via a validated best–worst scaling instrument, where participants evaluated subsets of 13 possible treatment goals identified using a balanced incomplete block design. Participants identified the most and least important goals within each task. Data were also collected on current treatment and preference for daily oral versus long-acting injectable (LAI) treatment. Hierarchical Bayes was used to identify preference weights for the goals, and latent class analysis was used to identify segments of people with similar goals. The segments were compared with the current treatment and preference for oral versus LAI treatment. Results Across 100 participants, the average age was 26 years, 75% were male and 50% were diagnosed within 2 years ago. Overall, preferences were most favorable for reduced disease symptoms, think clearly, reduced hospitalizations, reduced anxiety, and take care of self. A total of 61% preferred oral medication and 39% LAI. Two groups were identified with different treatment goals; 50% of participants emphasized clinical goals, including reduced disease symptoms (preference weight =19.7%), reduced hospitalizations (15.5%), and reduced anxiety (10.5%). The other 50% emphasized functional goals, including improved relationships with family/friends (11.4%), increased interest in work (10.6%), experiencing a fuller range of emotions (8.4%), and ability to socialize (7.5%). Those emphasizing functional goals were more likely to be on LAI (44% versus 26%; p=0.059) and preferred LAI (46% versus 32%; p=0.151). Conclusions People with recent-onset schizophrenia may focus more on clinical goals or functional goals, a discussion of which may help facilitate patient engagement.
A Novel HSP90 Inhibitor Delays Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer without Altering Serum PSA Levels and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis

Purpose: Prostate cancer responds initially to antiandrogen therapies; however, progression to castration-resistant disease frequently occurs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents that can prevent the emergence of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). HSP90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the stability of many client proteins including Akt and androgen receptor (AR). 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in various cancers; however, it induces tumor progression in the bone microenvironment. Methods: Cell growth, apoptosis, and AR transactivation were examined by crystal violet assay, flow cytometric, and luciferase assays, respectively. The consequence of HSP90 therapy in vivo was evaluated in LNCaP xenograft model. The consequence of PF-04928473 therapy on bone metastasis was studied using an osteoclastogenesis in vitro assay. Results: PF-04928473 inhibits cell growth in a panel of prostate cancer cells, induces cell-cycle arrest at sub-G1, and leads to apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity. These biological events were accompanied by decreased activation of Akt and Erk as well as decreased expression of Her2, and decreased AR expression and activation in vitro. In contrast to 17-AAG, PF-04928473 abrogates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by affecting NF-κB activation and Src phosphorylation. Finally, PF-04929113 inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with controls. Surprisingly, PF-04929113 did not reduce serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in vivo; in parallel, these decrease in tumor volume. Conclusion: These data identify significant anticancer activity of PF-04929113 in CRPC but suggest that serum PSA may not prove useful as pharmacodynamic tool for this drug. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2301–13. ©2011 AACR.
Bidirectional Non-Filamentary RRAM as an Analog Neuromorphic Synapse, Part II: Impact of Al/Mo/Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Device Characteristics on Neural Network Training Accuracy

Neuromorphic computing embraces the “device history” offered by many analog non-volatile memory (NVM) devices to implement the small weight changes computed by a gradient-descent learning algorithm such as backpropagation. Deterministic and stochastic imperfections in the conductance response of real NVM devices can be encapsulated for modeling within a pair of “jump-tables. ” Such jump-tables describe the full cumulative distribution function of conductance-change at each device conductance value, for both weight potentiation (SET) and depression (RESET). First, using several types of artificially constructed jump-tables, we revisit the relative importance of deviations from an ideal NVM with perfectly linear conductance response. Then, using jump-tables measured on improved non-filamentary resistive RAM devices based on Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3[see companion paper], we simulate the effects of their nonlinear conductance response on the training of a three-layer fully connected neural network. We find that, despite the relatively large conductance changes exhibited by any Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 device when either potentiating from its lowest conductance state or depressing from its highest conductance states, neural network training accuracies of >90% can be achieved. Highest accuracies are achieved by programming both conductances on each timestep (“fully bidirectional”), with the improved conductance on/off ratio of Al/Mo/PCMO resulting in marked improvements in training and test accuracy. Further accuracy improvements can be obtained by tuning the relative learning rate for potentiation (SET) by a factor of $1.66\times $ with respect to depression (RESET), to offset the slight asymmetry between the average size of the associated SET and RESET conductance changes. Finally, we show that the bidirectional programming of Al/Mo/PCMO can be used to implement high-density neuromorphic systems with a single conductance per synapse, at only a slight degradation to accuracy.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPATIBILITY OF YOUNG WOMEN IN SERVICE TO AGED WOMEN

Reciprocity between young women and aged women is a powerful inducement in encouraging young women to consider work with elderly adults. Research shows that strict skills training and productivity models of care can drain the emotional resources of young women and devalue the personal virtues of the aged who are served. A sample survey supports the idea that young women need positive experiences with aged women to consider working with them. Using developmental models of Erikson, Erikson and Kivnick (1986), Gilligan (1982), Kegan (1982) and others, a concept of intimacy (McAdams, 1986) in the service environment can instill hope and integrity in young and aged women. Intimate encounters with aged women, promoted by training in developmental awareness and communications, can be the motivation a young woman needs to consider or continue service work with an expanding aged population.
Big Five Personality Traits and Turnover Intention Among Thai Hotel Employees

This study hypothesized that the Big Five personality traits predicted turnover intention, and that hospitality competency and job satisfaction mediated the relationship of the Big Five personality traits to turnover intention among 183 Thai hotel employees. Regression analysis with bootstrapping was used to test the direct and mediation effects. Results supported two hypotheses: the Big Five personality traits negatively predicted turnover intention and job satisfaction mediated the relationship of the Big Five personality traits to turnover intention while hospitality competency did not. Thai hotel employees’ Big Five personality traits were related to their job satisfaction to predict their turnover intention.