Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three Centers

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a clinical/research instrument which has been in wide use during the past 6 years to assess the treatment problems found in alcohol- and drug-abusing patients. In a study of male veterans, a preliminary evaluation of the ASI has indicated reliability and validity. The present report presents an expanded examination of these issues; 181 subjects from three treatment centers were studied. Results of concurrent reliability studies indicate that trained technicians can estimate the severity of patients' treatment problems with an average concordance of . 89. Test-retest studies show that the information obtained from the ASI is consistent over a 3-day interval, even with different interviewers. Comparisons of the ASI severity ratings and composite measures with a battery of previously validated tests indicate evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity. The reliability and validity results were consistent across subgroups of patients categorized by age, race, sex, primary drug problem, and treatment center. The authors discuss the strengths and limitations of the instrument based upon 5 years of use. The overall conclusion is that the ASI is a reliable and valid instrument that has a wide range of clinical and research applications, and that it may offer advantages in the examination of important issues such as the prediction of treatment outcome, the comparison of different forms of treatment, and the “matching” of patients to treatments.
The Comorbid Influence of High Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes on Mortality and Disability in Mexican Americans Aged 75 and Above

Objective: To examine the individual and combined effects of depression and diabetes on mortality and disability over 6 years among Mexican Americans aged ≥75. Method: The final sample included 1,785 participants from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for incidence for mortality and disability according to diabetes and depressive symptoms. Results: Diabetics were more likely to become activities of daily living (ADL) disabled Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.18, 1.77]) and deceased (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = [1.24, 1.74]) compared with non-diabetics. Diabetics reporting high depressive symptomatology were more than two times as likely to become ADL disabled and deceased compared with diabetics not reporting high depressive symptoms. Participants with high depressive symptoms and taking insulin alone or both oral medications and insulin were at the greatest risk of disability (HR = 3.83, 95% CI = [1.66, 8.81]). Conclusion: Diabetes increases the risk of disability and mortality, especially among Mexican Americans with high depressive symptoms or who are taking insulin alone or both oral medications and insulin. Interventions that are able to reduce the prevalence of depression and diabetes are needed to limit the future burden of disability and mortality in this population.
Associations of elements of the Golgi apparatus with microtubules

The intracellular spatial relationships between elements of the Golgi apparatus (GA) and microtubules in interphase cells have been explored by double immunofluorescence microscopy. By using cultured cells infected with the temperature-sensitive Orsay-45 mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus and a temperature shift-down protocol, we visualized functional elements of the GA by immunolabeling of the G protein of the virus that was arrested in the GA during its intracellular passage to the plasma membrane 13 min after the temperature shift-down. Complete disassembly of the cytoplasmic microtubules by nocodazole at the nonpermissive temperature before the temperature shift led to the dispersal of the GA elements, from their normal compact perinuclear configuration close to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) into the cell periphery. Washout of the nocodazole that led to the reassembly of the microtubules from the MTOC also led to the recompaction of the GA elements to their normal configuration. During this recompaction process, GA elements were seen in close lateral apposition to microtubules. In cells treated with nocodazole followed by taxol, an MTOC developed, but most of the microtubules were free of the MTOC and were assembled into bundles in the cell periphery. Under these circumstances, the GA elements that had been dispersed into the cell periphery by the nocodazole treatment remained dispersed despite the presence of an MTOC. In cells treated directly with taxol, free microtubules were seen in the cytoplasm in widely different, bundled configurations from one cell to another, but, in each case, elements of the GA appeared to be associated with one of the two end regions of the microtubule bundles, and to be uncorrelated with the locations of the vimentin intermediate filaments in these cells. These results are interpreted to suggest two types of associations of elements of the GA with microtubules: one lateral, and the other (more stable) end-on. The end-on association is suggested to involve the minus-end regions of microtubules, and it is proposed that this accounts for the GA-MTOC association in normal cells.
Child labour in the handicrafts home industry in Kashmir: a sociological study

The study has been undertaken among child labourers in the handicrafts home industry in Kashmir (2008), in order to establish the phenomenon of child labour in its proper perspective. The objectives of the study have been fulfilled by projecting appropriate variables in the process of data analysis and discussion. Any social problem as an empirical reality has various aspects, such as demographic, economic, geographic, psychological and social. This study has tried to highlight the social aspect of the problem of the working children using techniques of data collection accepted by sociologists and presenting it in terms and concepts used in sociological writings. A wider range of aspects such as family, economic status, parental perception, education, gender discrimination, middle men dimension and exploitation, relations of production, cultural acceptance and issues of health and recreation, etc. have been covered. The study also examines existing rules and regulations and pin points the loopholes in the laws which the employers exploit while engaging children in their business units. This framework was applied to generate data on family structure, poverty and its indexes including level of education, occupation and health, as parameters of understanding the life of these children. The health conditions are bad generally which affects the life chances of these children who work on carpets, papier mache and other objects which are an integral part of the tourist trade. Infact, the careful statistical analysis of many different aspects of child labourers in Kashmir, with focus on more qualitative indexes gives a sense of the relations between town and country, between tourism and political environments, between commerce, consumption and human rights.
Therapeutic Place of Fulvestrant in the Management of Hormone-receptor Positive Breast Cancer

TOUCH MEDICAL MEDIA Abstract Fulvestrant is an oestrogen-receptor antagonist that exerts selective oestrogen receptor downregulation, antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptosis. It is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer for disease relapse or progression on or after adjuvant anti-oestrogen therapy. Fulvestrant was initially approved at a dose of 250 mg, however, the results of the CONFIRM trial led to approval of 500 mg dose (i.e. 500 mg on days 0, 14 and 28, then 500 mg every 28 days). Fulvestrant has also shown superiority over anastrozole as first-line therapy in the phase II trial. There are contrasting data for its efficacy when used in combination with anastrozole. It is well tolerated, with no significant difference with respect to the toxicity profile of other hormonal therapies. Treatment with fulvestrant is not associated with any clinically significant effects on sex hormone levels, bone-specific turnover markers or endometrial thickening. Fulvestrant has been recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the European School of Oncology guidelines as a treatment option in firstand second-line management of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer.
Predictors of the intent to adopt preventive innovations: a meta‐analysis

Because the literature suggests significant differences in the adoption rate of traditional innovations and those innovations classified as preventive, we examine the effectiveness of the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory in predicting the adoption of preventive innovations. The current study synthesized 89 correlations from 63 studies (n = 31,158). The corrected mean correlation estimates were . 51 for attitude, . 52 for subjective norms, and . 43 for planned behavioral control. The corrected mean correlation estimate for self-efficacy was . 47. By understanding the predictor variables of the intent to adopt a preventive innovation, proponents of specific preventive innovations may be better equipped to select strategies that could accelerate the diffusion process.
Skill utilization and well-being: a cross-level story of day-to-day fluctuations and personal intrinsic values

ABSTRACT The opportunity to use one's skills at work is an important prerequisite for employee well-being. Drawing on self-determination and person-environment fit theory, this diary study aims to add to our understanding of this important phenomenon in two ways. Firstly, we examine the associations of within-subject daily variations in skill utilization with well-being. Secondly, we model work value orientation as a between-subject factor that moderates this within-subject relationship. Specifically, we advocate that daily skill utilization is more beneficial (in terms of more daily work engagement and less daily emotional exhaustion) for employees holding predominantly intrinsic (i.e. self-development, community contribution) as opposed to extrinsic (i.e. financial success, status) values. Results of multilevel modelling using diary data from 99 service workers over five working days, supported the assumption that daily skill utilization was positively related to daily work engagement, particularly among employees holding a predominantly intrinsic work value orientation. Contrary to our expectations, daily skill utilization was unrelated to daily exhaustion, both for employees holding high and low intrinsic values. The discussion highlights the importance of, and employees’ receptiveness to, variations in beneficial working conditions.
INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPROVING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN WITH MATHEMATICS LEARNING DISABILITIE

هزات يتخانش مولع ياه ، لاس 2 1 ، ةرامش 1 ، 9 138 ، 16 1 1 Advances in Cognitive Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2010 فده : يسررب بصع تلاخادم رثا ناور دوبهب رب يتخانش ناكدوك يليصحت دركلمع راچد يناوتان يضاير يريگداي ياه . عماج ة شهوژپ يرامآ ار شناد موس رسپ نازومآ ناتسبد ) لاس يليصحت 89 – 88 ( اب يناوتان يضاير يريگداي ياه يم ليكشت دنداد . ب يار ا يارج شهوژپ نيا ، 30 كدوك راچد يريگداي يناوتان ويش هب يضاير ة هنومن هشوخ يفداصت يريگ هلحرم دنچ يا يا و باختنا يفداصت شور اب ود رد هورگ يشيامزآ ) 15 رفن ( و دهاش ) 15 رفن ( دندش هداد ياج . شور : دوب يشيامزآ شهوژپ شور . رب يا هورگ تلاخادم شيامزآ بصع ناور يتخانش ا جن ا م دش . شهوژپ ياهرازبا بصع نومزآ ناور يتخانش يسپن ، رلسكو ناكدوك شوه سايقم ، نومزآ يك نارا تم و يضاير يليصحت دركلمع نومزآ دوب . هداد سنايراوك ليلحت يرامآ شور اب اه ليلحت و هيزجت دش . هتفاي اه : هك داد ناشن شهوژپ جياتن بصع تلاخادم ناور يتخانش رب دركلمع يليصحت نيا شناد نازومآ دراد ريثأت . هجيتن يريگ : تلاخادم بصع ناور يتخانش دننامه تراهم يم يضاير يريگداي ييانبريز ياه م يدركيور دناوت ؤ رث رد يناوتان نامرد ياه دشاب يضاير يريگداي .
Limit theorems for the multilevel splitting algorithm in the simulation of rare events

In this article, a genetic-type algorithm based on interacting particle systems is presented, together with a genealogical model, for estimating a class of rare events arising for instance in telecommunication networks, nuclear engineering, etc. The distribution of a Markov process hitting a rare but critical set is represented in terms of a Feynman-Kac model in path space. Approximation results obtained previously for these models are applied here to estimate the probability of the rare events as well as the probability distribution of the critical trajectories.
Fisheries in large marine ecosystems: Descriptions and diagnoses

We present a rationale for the description and diagnosis of fisheries at the level of Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs), which is relatively new, and encompasses a series of concepts and indicators different from those typically used to describe fisheries at the stock level. We then document how catch data, which are usually available on a smaller scale, are mapped by the Sea Around Us Project (see www.seaaroundus.org) on a worldwide grid of half-degree lat. -long. cells. The time series of catches thus obtained for over 180,000 half-degree cells can be regrouped on any larger scale, here that of LMEs. This yields catch time series by species (groups) and LME, which began in 1950 when the FAO started collecting global fisheries statistics, and ends in 2004 with the last update of these datasets. The catch data by species, multiplied by ex-vessel price data and then summed, yield the value of the fishery for each LME, here presented as time series by higher (i.e., commercial) groups. Also, these catch data can be used to evaluate the primary production required (PPR) to sustain fisheries catches. PPR, when related to observed primary production, provides another index for assessing the impact of the countries fishing in LMEs. The mean trophic level of species caught by fisheries (or ‘Marine Trophic Index’) is also used, in conjunction with a related indicator, the Fishing-in-Balance Index (FiB), to assess changes in the species composition of the fisheries in LMEs. Also, newly conceived ‘Stock-Catch Status Plots’ are presented which document graphically, for each LME, both the increase in the number of stocks that moved from the fully exploited to the overexploited and collapsed stages, and the relative biomass of fish extracted from stocks in these various stages. Finally, original time series of estimated catch data are presented for the six LMEs of the coast of North Siberia, Arctic Alaska and Arctic Canada (all entirely contained within FAO Statistical Area 18), for which even crude catch estimates were previously unavailable. Altogether these descriptors of fisheries and ecosystem states over the last 50+ years allow a diagnosis of the fisheries of each LME, and inferences on global trends, as LMEs are the source of 80% of the global marine catch.
Non-invasive measurement of adrenocortical activity in male and female rats

Rats are widely used in biomedical research as animal models for human diseases. However, due to their small body size, blood sampling is complicated and invasive and thereby can seriously interfere with endocrine functions and possibly compromise the animals' welfare. Therefore, a non-invasive technique to monitor stress hormones in these animals is highly desired. Our study aimed to gain general information about corticosterone metabolism and excretion and to validate a 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,21-triol-20-one enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to reliably measure faecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) in laboratory rats. In total, 18 rats were administered 2.3 MBq of 3H-corticosterone intravenously and per os, respectively (intravenous: 6 males and 6 females; per os: 3 males and 3 females). Subsequently, all voided excreta were frequently collected for five days. About 75±9% of the recovered CMs were found in the faeces. Peak concentrations of radiolabelled steroids appeared in the urine after 1.7±0.6 h in males and after 6.0±3.5 h in females. In faeces, maxima were observed after 14.7±2.4 h in both sexes. In principle, the time course and delay for both routes of administration (intravenous or per os) were the same, except for a delay of peak concentrations in urine (4.5±2.1 h) in per os administered males. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), faecal 3H-CMs were characterized and differences were found between the sexes. In both sexes, corticosterone was extensively metabolized, but while males showed only minor variations in their CM patterns, those of females differed largely between individuals. To validate the mentioned EIA, we investigated the diurnal variation (DV) of glucocorticoids as well as effects of the injection procedure itself and conducted an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge test and a dexamethasone suppression test, using six male and six female rats each. Our results demonstrated that pharmacological stimulation, suppression and DV of adrenocortical activity were accurately reflected by means of CM measurement in faeces. By successful physiological validation, we proved for the first time the suitability of an immunoassay to non-invasively monitor adrenocortical activity in rats of both sexes. This method opens up new perspectives for biomedical and pharmacological investigations as well as for animal welfare related issues.
The kinetic depth effect.

The problem of how three-dimensional form is perceived in spite of the fact that pertinent stimulation consists only in two-dimensional retinal images has been only partly solved. Much is known about the impressive effectiveness of binocular disparity. However, the excellent perception of threedimensional form in monocular vision has remained essentially unexplained. It has been proposed that some patterns of stimulation on the retina give rise to three-dimensional experiences, because visual processes differ in the spontaneous organization that results from certain properties of the retinal pattern. Rules of organization are supposed to exist according to which most retinal projections of three-dimensional forms happen to produce three-dimensional percepts and most retinal images of flat forms lead to flat forms in experience also. This view has been held mainly by gestalt psychologists. Another approach to this problem maintains that the projected stimulus patterns are interpreted on the basis of previous experience, either visual
Attachment Theory and Research as a Guide to Psychotherapy Practice

This article evaluates relevant links between theory and research on attachment relationships; cognitive structures including schemas and internal working models; aspects of the client-therapist relationship; and psychotherapeutic intervention models, arguing that attachment theory can be employed to more fully understand psychotherapeutic processes and change. First we review relevant background literature on attachment theory, delineating distinctions between attachment and other relevant theoretical formulations. Then we discuss aspects of the client-therapist relationship which may be affected by attachment, providing a brief overview of extant research on attachment and psychotherapy. Finally, we discuss the ways in which attachment theory has been employed in the design of psychotherapy models, specifically focusing on two treatment models which illustrate diversity in attachment-based treatment. Throughout we argue that the recent addition of reflective function, which is the capacity to understand the ways in which mental states underlie behavior in self and others, both enhances attachment theory and elucidates the connections between psychotherapeutic process and the development of self-regulatory insight during childhood through sensitive parental caregiving.
The Simulated Evolution of Biochemical Guilds: Reconciling Gaia Theory and Natural Selection

Gaia theory, which states that organisms both affect and regulate their environment, poses an interesting problem to Neo-Darwinian evolutionary biologists and provides an exciting set of phenomena for artificial-life investigation. The key challenge is to explain the emergence of biotic communities that are capable, via their implicit coordination, of regulating large-scale biogeochemical factors such as the temperature and chemical composition of the biosphere, but to assume no evolutionary mechanisms beyond contemporary natural selection. Along with providing an introduction to Gaia theory, this article presents simulations of Gaian emergence based on an artificial-life model involving genetic algorithms and guilds of simple metabolizing agents. In these simulations, resource competition leads to guild diversity; the ensemble of guilds then manifests life-sustaining nutrient recycling and exerts distributed control over environmental nutrient ratios. These results illustrate that standard individual-based natural selection is sufficient to explain Gaian self-organization, and they help clarify the relationships between two key metrics of Gaian activity: recycling and regulation.
The impact of extralegal characteristics on recognizance release among misdemeanants

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to direct attention to pretrial release decisions on low-level offenders and to assess whether certain characteristics influence the pretrial release outcome. Bivariate correlations and stepwise logistic regression were used to analyze a 2004 primary data set of misdemeanants considered for release on recognizance in a California court (N = 539). The results showed that Hispanic defendants were more likely to be granted this condition of release. This finding is particularly noteworthy because it is in contrast with prior studies that found that defendants of color were less likely to be granted less restrictive release conditions. Furthermore, such a result may lead to imply that Hispanic Americans may be less stigmatized and more integrated in society.
Exchange Ideology as a Moderator of the Relationships Between Importance of Participation in Decision Making and Job Attitudes

The present study examined the relationships between reported importance of participation in decision making and three job attitudes of relevance to Yugoslav self-management, namely job satisfaction, perceptions of organizational support, and perceptions of organizational goal norms. Data collected from 134 of 200 randomly sampled workers in a Yugoslav tooling plant yielded weak correlations but also indicated a moderating effect of exchange ideology. These results have implications not only for Yugoslav self-management but also for exchange theory and the study of job attitudes.
The Study of Links between Social Support and Psychological Problems among Youth

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between social support and psychological problems i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress. 130 graduate university students were involved in this study. They were selected using purposive sampling technique. The Social Support Behavior (SSB) scale was used to measure the level of social support among students and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among students. Correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between social support and psychological problems. The findings of this study revealed that there were significant negative relationship between social support and psychological problems suggesting that the higher the social support, the lower is the psychological problem. The findings of the study will be useful in assisting educators, counselors, psychologist, and researchers to develop strategies to enhance student psychological well-being.