Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security Versus Capacity Tradeoffs in Large Wireless Networks Using Keyless Secrecy

We investigate the scalability of a class of algorithms that exploit the dynamics of wireless fading channels to achieve secret communication in a large wireless network of n randomly located nodes. We describe a construction in which nodes transmit artificial noise to suppress eavesdroppers, yet achieving a per-node throughput of Ω((n f(n))−1/2), wheref (n) is any arbitrary function satisfying ω(1)≤ f (n)≤ o(n)1. In conjunction with a guaranteed per-node throughput of Ω((n f(n))−1/2), we show that for some constant c1 such that 0< c1 < 1, the network can tolerateo(( f (n))c1) independent and o(ln f (n)) collaborating eavesdroppers, while ensuring that the aggregate rate at which eavesdroppers intercept packets goes to 0. Thus, achievable security (in number of eavesdroppers) can be traded off against the per-node throughput by simply choosing a suitable f (n). We also show thatO(( f (n))c2) independent andO(ln f (n)) eavesdroppers are sufficient to achieve a non-zero eavesdropper throughput, for some constant c2 > c1.
Cross-Kernel Control-Flow--Graph Analysis for Event-Driven Real-Time Systems

Embedded real-time control systems generally have a dedicated purpose and fixed set of functionalities. This manifests in a large amount of implicit and explicit static knowledge, available already at compile time. Modern compilers can extract and exploit this information to perform extensive whole-program analyses and interprocedural optimizations. However, these analyses typically end at the application--kernel boundary, thus control-flow transitions between different threads are not covered, yet. This restriction stems from the pessimistic assumption of a probabilistic scheduling policy of the underlying operating system, impeding detailed predictions of the overall system behavior. Real-time operating systems, however, do provide deterministic and exactly specified scheduling decisions, as embedded control systems rely on a timely and precise behavior. In this paper, we present an approach that incorporates the RTOS semantics into the control-flow analysis, to cross the application--kernel boundary. By combining operating system semantics, the static system configuration and the application logic, we determine a cross-kernel control-flow--graph, that provides a global view on all possible execution paths of a real-time system. Having this knowledge at hand, enables us to tailor the operating system kernel more closely to the particular application scenario. On the example of a real-world safety-critical control system, we present two possible use cases: Run-time optimizations, by means of specialized system calls for each call site, allow to speed up the kernel execution path by 33 percent in our benchmark scenario. An automated generation of OS state assertions on the expected system behavior, targeting transient hardware fault tolerance, leverages significant robustness improvements.
Alienation, Psychology and Human Resource Management

This paper revisits the issue of alienation and work. Although Marx saw alienation as an objective reality, others argue that it is a subjective experience of powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation and self-estrangement. Feelings of alienation are also a central construct of existential psychologists, who focus on separation of the individual from the presumed ‘real’ or ‘deeper’ self. The question arising from self-estrangement in the workplace is whether modern management techniques have been able to alleviate such feelings. The effects of work structures, various management strategies and the adoption of human resource management as a set of unitarist principles are examined. It is argued that a number of approaches by management have failed to provide any respite from feelings of alienation and, further, that human resource management has tended to produce practices that have also failed. At the same time, the ‘soft’ version of human resource management model with its unitarist ideals has the potential to assuage feelings of alienation.
lmmunomorphological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma

Immunomorphological characteristics of 27 renal cell carcinoma (RCC): 18 clear cell, 6 granular (chromophilic), 2 chromophobe, 1 spindle cell (sarcomatoid) as well as of 1 oncocytoma, were analyzed. The investigation was performed on cryostat sections by immunoperoxidase technique applying a panel of monoclonal antibodies which defined: proximal (TNE3, TN5, 5D9) and distal (TN8, TN9, 7C2) tubular antigens; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAMl); HLA class I1 (-DQ, -DR and -DP) antigens, intermediary filaments (cytokeratin and vimentin); and antigens on tumour infiltrating mononuclear leucocytes (TT1, TT2 and LeuM3 for CD4, CD8 and CD14 antigens, respectively). All RCC with exception of chromophobe CO-expressed cytokeratin and vimentin. In addition, they were usually positive for all proximal and two distal tubular markers (TN8, TN9) indicating primitive cells which could differentiate into the epithelium of both parts of tubule system as the most probable originators of in RCC. Almost all RCC but the chromophobe aberrantly expressed HLA class I1 antigens which great variability from case to caie. The presence of HLA-DR antigens was more intensive and widespread than of HLA-DQ and-DP antigens. Expression of ICAMl mostly correlated with presence of HLA class I1 antigens, particularly with -DR on tumour cells of RCC. HLA-DR antigen expression was always more prominent than mononuclear cell infiltrate (among which macrophages prevailed over T cells) which could suggest that increased histocompatibility antigen expression precedes mononuclear cell influx. In contrast to all other RCC, chromophobe tumours had quite distinct features revealing the most intense reaction with 7C2 (MAb that produced the weakest reaction with other tumour types), absence of vimentin and very weak reaction with antibodies for HLA class Il Ag and ICAM 1. Since oncocytoma has similar immuno-
CFD Validation for Hypersonic Flight: Hypersonic Double-Cone Flow Simulations

Abstract : At the 2001 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting there was a blind comparison between computational simulations and experimental data for hypersonic double-cone and hollow cylinder-flare flows. This code validation exercise showed that in general there was good agreement between the continuum CFD simulations and experiments. Also, in general, there was good agreement between direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations and the experiments in regions of attached flow. However, in almost all of the computations, the heat transfer rate on the forebody of the cone was over-predicted by about 20%. The purpose of this paper is to report on our analysis of this difference. We perform CFD simulations of the hypersonic nozzle flow to assess the importance of vibrational nonequilibrium on the test conditions. We then recompute the flows using a new set of vibrational nonequilibrium conditions and consider the effects of a slip boundary condition at the model surface. Additionally, we analyze new heat transfer rate data on sharp and blunt 25-degree cones over a wider range of test conditions. This analysis appears to explain the discrepancy between the previous calculations and the experiments.
Multimodal description of whole brain connectivity: A comparison of resting state MEG, fMRI, and DWI

Structural and functional connectivity (SC and FC) have received much attention over the last decade, as they offer unique insight into the coordination of brain functioning. They are often assessed independently with three imaging modalities: SC using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), FC using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG). DWI provides information about white matter organization, allowing the reconstruction of fiber bundles. fMRI uses blood‐oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast to indirectly map neuronal activation. MEG and EEG are direct measures of neuronal activity, as they are sensitive to the synchronous inputs in pyramidal neurons. Seminal studies have targeted either the electrophysiological substrate of BOLD or the anatomical basis of FC. However, multimodal comparisons have been scarcely performed, and the relation between SC, fMRI‐FC, and MEG‐FC is still unclear. Here we present a systematic comparison of SC, resting state fMRI‐FC, and MEG‐FC between cortical regions, by evaluating their similarities at three different scales: global network, node, and hub distribution. We obtained strong similarities between the three modalities, especially for the following pairwise combinations: SC and fMRI‐FC; SC and MEG‐FC at theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands; and fMRI‐FC and MEG‐FC in alpha and beta. Furthermore, highest node similarity was found for regions of the default mode network and primary motor cortex, which also presented the highest hubness score. Distance was partially responsible for these similarities since it biased all three connectivity estimates, but not the unique contributor, since similarities remained after controlling for distance. Hum Brain Mapp 37:20–34, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population size and molecular evolution on islands

The nearly neutral theory predicts that the rate and pattern of molecular evolution will be influenced by effective population size (Ne), because in small populations more slightly deleterious mutations are expected to drift to fixation. This important prediction has not been widely empirically tested, largely because of the difficulty of comparing rates of molecular evolution in sufficient numbers of independent lineages which differ only in Ne. Island endemic species provide an ideal test of the effect of Ne on molecular evolution because species restricted to islands frequently have smaller Ne than closely related mainland species, and island endemics have arisen from mainland lineages many times in a wide range of taxa. We collated a dataset of 70 phylogenetically independent comparisons between island and mainland taxa, including vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 19 different island groups. The rate of molecular evolution in these lineages was estimated by maximum likelihood using two measures: overall substitution rate and the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates. We show that island lineages have significantly higher ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates than mainland lineages, as predicted by the nearly neutral theory, although overall substitution rates do not differ significantly.
Effectiveness of multidisciplinary therapy on symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVES To study the effects of a 3-month multidisciplinary intervention based on exercise and psychological therapy on symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS Seventy-five women with fibromyalgia volunteered to participate and were allocated to a 3-month (3-times/week) multidisciplinary (pool, land-based and psychological session based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) intervention (n=41), or to a usual care group (n=34). Sixty-five women with fibromyalgia completed the study protocol (n=33 multidisciplinary intervention, aged 51.4±7.4 years and n=32 usual care group, aged 50.0±7.3 years). The outcomes variables were Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction effect (group*time) for the FIQ total score, the subscales fatigue, stiffness, anxiety and depression, and the subscales of SF-36 physical role, bodily pain, vitality and social functioning. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant improvements in total score of FIQ (p<0.001), fatigue (p=0.001), stiffness (p<0.001), anxiety (p=0.011), depression (p=0.008), physical role (p=0.002), bodily pain (p<0.001), vitality (p<0.001) and social functioning (p<0.001) in the intervention group, whereas in the control group, there was a significant worsening in the subscale depression (p=0.006) and social functioning (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS A 3-month low-moderate intensity multidisciplinary intervention improved fibromyalgia symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.
Pathways to care and ethnicity. 2: Source of referral and help-seeking

Background Previous research has found that African–Caribbean and Black African patients are likely to come into contact with mental health services via more negative routes, when compared with White patients. We sought to investigate pathways to mental health care and ethnicity in a sample of patients with a first episode of psychosis drawn from two UK centres. Method We included all White British, other White, African–Caribbean and Black African patients with a first episode of psychosis who made contact with psychiatric services over a 2-year period and were living in defined areas. Clinical, socio-demographic and pathways to care data were collected from patients, relatives and case notes. Results Compared with White British patients, general practitioner referral was less frequent for both African–Caribbean and Black African patients and referral by a criminal justice agency was more common. With the exception of criminal justice referrals for Black African patients, these findings remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions These findings suggest that factors are operating during a first episode of psychosis to increase the risk that the pathway to care for Black patients will involve non-health professionals.
The confidential enquiry into maternal and child health (CEMACH)

A review of the history of confidential enquiries The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) was established in April 2003. It replaces CESDI (the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy) and CEMD (the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths); this gives it a truly perinatal focus, but its remit is now wider and includes all childhood death. This paper reviews the history of confidential enquiries, some of the principle findings of CEMACH’s predecessors, and the methodology and aims of CEMACH. The current system of confidential enquiries started in 1952, just four years after the inception of the NHS. Before that, maternal deaths were reported to the Ministry of Health on an ad hoc basis.1 The first report of CEMD covered 1952–54, capturing 77% of maternal deaths during that period. From 1985–87 onwards, a single report was published triennially for the whole of the United Kingdom.2 The purposes of the CEMD were to assess the main causes of maternal deaths and, through the identification of avoidable causes, to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality by recommending improvements in clinical care and service provision; it also indicated directions for future research and audit. CESDI was established in 1992, after the Department of Health directed that the 14 regions of England should undertake perinatal mortality surveys. CESDI’s remit was to improve understanding of the causes of death in late fetal life and infancy—that is, from 20 weeks post-conception to one year after birth. Its aim was to reduce mortality by identifying suboptimal patterns of practice and service provision related to those deaths and to make recommendations for improvement. Combining CEMD and CESDI, CEMACH retains this regional organisation and these overall aims. There are two other national confidential enquiries: the National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths (NCEPOD) and the Confidential …
Variations in Kinematics during Clinical Gait Analysis in Stroke Patients

In addition to changes in spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters, patients with stroke exhibit fear of falling as well as fatigability during gait. These changes could compromise interpretation of data from gait analysis. The aim of this study was to determine if the gait of hemiplegic patients changes significantly over successive gait trials. Forty two stroke patients and twenty healthy subjects performed 9 gait trials during a gait analysis session. The mean and variability of spatio-temporal and kinematic joint parameters were analyzed during 3 groups of consecutive gait trials (1–3, 4–6 and 7–9). Principal component analysis was used to reduce the number of variables from the joint kinematic waveforms and to identify the parts of the gait cycle which changed during the gait analysis session. The results showed that i) spontaneous gait velocity and the other spatio-temporal parameters significantly increased, and ii) gait variability decreased, over the last 6 gait trials compared to the first 3, for hemiplegic patients but not healthy subjects. Principal component analysis revealed changes in the sagittal waveforms of the hip, knee and ankle for hemiplegic patients after the first 3 gait trials. These results suggest that at the beginning of the gait analysis session, stroke patients exhibited phase of adaptation,characterized by a “cautious gait” but no fatigue was observed.
Combining Incremental Language Generation and Incremental Speech Synthesis for Adaptive Information Presentation

Participants in a conversation are normally receptive to their surroundings and their interlocutors, even while they are speaking and can, if necessary, adapt their ongoing utterance. Typical dialogue systems are not receptive and cannot adapt while uttering. We present combinable components for incremental natural language generation and incremental speech synthesis and demonstrate the flexibility they can achieve with an example system that adapts to a listener's acoustic understanding problems by pausing, repeating and possibly rephrasing problematic parts of an utterance. In an evaluation, this system was rated as significantly more natural than two systems representing the current state of the art that either ignore the interrupting event or just pause; it also has a lower response time.
Insulin resistance assessment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome using different diagnostic criteria--impact of metformin treatment.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent reasons for anovulation in infertile women. It can affect 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. One of the important factors associated with the typical clinical signs and hormonal disorders could be insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS women. The secondary objective was to evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and insulin sensitivity after 3 months of metformin therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 68 patients were enrolled in the study. In all participants fasting and 2-h post-load glucose and insulin levels, WHR and BMI were evaluated before and after metformin (2 x 850 mg) therapy. Insulin resistance was assessed using G0/I0, G120/I120, and HOMA-IR indexes. RESULTS Before the treatment, insulin resistance was observed in 26% patients according to HOMA-IR, and in 16% or 28% according to G0/I0 or G120/I120, respectively. Metformin therapy was associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity in HOMA-IR and G120/I120 defined insulin resistant patients. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of insulin resistant PCOS patients differed depending on the method applied. It is necessary to find a single most useful method to measure insulin resistance. Metformin treatment significantly improves insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant patients.
A Screening Procedure for Modified Simplex in Frequency‐Gain Response Selection

The preference for hearing aid frequency-gain responses selected using the modified simplex procedure over that prescribed by NAL-R is not universal. A screening protocol used before individualized fitting may help streamline its use and ensure effective use of clinical time. In this protocol, listeners compare the prescribed frequency-gain response with selected alternate frequency-gain responses. Evaluation with the modified simplex procedure is indicated only when listeners consistently prefer the alternate frequency-gain responses in the screening procedure. Ten hearing aid wearers completed the screening protocol and the full modified simplex procedure. In addition, subjects compared their satisfaction for the prescribed and individually selected frequency-gain responses. The results were examined for efficiency, reliability, sensitivity, and efficacy of the selected frequency-gain response. Findings revealed that the screening protocol allowed reliable identification of listeners who needed fine-tuning of the prescribed frequency-gain response. Furthermore, satisfaction for selected frequency-gain response over prescribed frequency-gain response increased as more differences between the two responses were noted.
Deep Variational Canonical Correlation Analysis

We present deep variational canonical correlation analysis (VCCA), a deep multi-view learning model that extends the latent variable model interpretation of linear CCA to nonlinear observation models parameterized by deep neural networks. We derive variational lower bounds of the data likelihood by parameterizing the posterior probability of the latent variables from the view that is available at test time. We also propose a variant of VCCA called VCCA-private that can, in addition to the "common variables" underlying both views, extract the "private variables" within each view, and disentangles the shared and private information for multi-view data without hard supervision. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that our methods are competitive across domains.
An Empirical Study on the Scalability of Selective Mutation Testing

Software testing plays an important role in ensuring software quality by running a program with test suites. Mutation testing is designed to evaluate whether a test suite is adequate in detecting faults. Due to the expensive cost of mutation testing, selective mutation testing was proposed to select a subset of mutants whose effectiveness is similar to the whole set of generated mutants. Although selective mutation testing has been widely investigated in recent years, many people still doubt whether it can suit well for large programs. To study the scalability of selective mutation testing, we systematically explore how the program size impacts selective mutation testing through four projects (including 12 versions all together). Based on the empirical study, for programs smaller than 16 KLOC, selective mutation testing has surprisingly good scalability. In particular, for a program whose number of lines of executable code is E, the number of mutants used in selective mutation testing is proportional to Ec, where c is a constant whose value is between 0.05 and 0.25.
Memes in Organization Studies: A Preliminary Research Agenda

Richard Dawkins (1976) introduced the concept of 'memes' as the basic unit of cultural evolution in his popular classic work 'The Selfish Gene'. As organizations can be conceptualized as cultural entities, it makes sense to explore how the concept of memes can be applied in organization studies. Several works have started to appear on this front. This paper offers an introduction to the concept of memes and an account of the literature in the field of memetics. Ideas related to organization studies are explored in detail. It is seen that two key ideas have informed the research in organization studies thus far - 'memes drive us' and 'memes are unit of cultural transmission'. I argue that organization researchers will gain more by following 'memes as unit of cultural transmission' idea than 'memes drive us' idea. 'Memes drive us' is axiomatic in nature, anthropomorphizes organizations and is non-falsifiable as a theory, while 'memes as unit of cultural transmission' gives hope to the effort of unraveling the black box of organizational culture.