Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Personal History of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Parenting Patterns and Problems

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is shockingly common among women in the USA and is particularly prevalent among female psychiatric patients. Despite theoretical accounts and empirical evidence that developmental history, especially child abuse, plays a significant role in parenting skills, there are no reports of parenting interventions with mothers with CSA histories. This article reviews the available reports of parenting problems among mothers with CSA histories, and presents clinical case material to illustrate the complexities of treating mothers with CSA histories and their children. Preliminary recommendations for interventions with mothers at risk for intergenerational abuse and mental health problems among their children are outlined.
Prenatal invasive testing: a 13-year single institution experience

Abstract Objectives: To analyze trends in screening and invasive prenatal diagnosis over a 13-year period in relation to changes in the national prenatal screening policy. Methods: Fetal karyotypes obtained following 11 045 prenatal invasive procedures between January 1999 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Referral indications were classified as medical and non-medical (anxiety). The number of tests per relevant chromosomal abnormalities (CA) detected in both groups adjusted for indication was calculated. Results: A total of 414 CA were detected (3.8%), 355 of which were considered clinically significant. The percentage of invasive procedures has declined from 49% to 12%, although cases referred by anxiety have increased from 22% to 55%. A total of 3129 invasive procedures did not have any medical indication (28%) and 13 relevant CA (0.42%) were found in this group. In this low-risk series, the index “number of invasive testing needed to detect 1 relevant CA” adjusted for indication was 241. Conclusions: Changes in our national prenatal policy through this 13-year period show an increasing efficiency of prenatal detection of CA. However, despite the intensifying screening policies, low-risk pregnant women show a growing demand for prenatal invasive testing and a baseline risk for cytogenetic abnormality of 1/241.
Distributed Architecture for Real-Time Coordination in Transit Networks

The authors present a negotiation-based framework for addressing the real-time coordination of bus holding. In this type of setting, stops and buses act as agents that communicate in real-time to achieve dynamic coordination of bus dispatching at various stops. Through simulations, he framework is compared with other simple bus control strategies. Results indicate that the framework distinguishes itself for its ability to harness real-time information and to make decisions that are directly based on the marginal wait cost.
Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Expressing Murine Interleukin-4 Is Less Virulent than Wild-Type Virus in Mice

ABSTRACT The effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in mice was evaluated by construction of a recombinant HSV-1 expressing the gene for murine IL-4 in place of the latency-associated transcript (LAT). The mutant virus (HSV-IL-4) expressed high levels of IL-4 in cultured cells. The replication of HSV-IL-4 in tissue culture and in trigeminal ganglia was similar to that of wild-type virus. In contrast, HSV-IL-4 appeared to replicate less well in mouse eyes and brains. Although BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to HSV-1 infection, ocular infection with HSV-IL-4 resulted in 100% survival. Furthermore, 57% of the mice survived coinfection with a mixture of HSV-IL-4 and a lethal dose of wild-type McKrae, compared with only 10% survival following infection with McKrae alone. Similar to wild-type BALB/c mice, 100% of IL-4−/− mice also survived HSV-IL-4 infection. T-cell depletion studies suggested that protection against HSV-IL-4 infection was mediated by a CD4+-T-cell response.
When Everyone Knows CS is the Best Major: Decisions about CS in an Indian context

Much of the existing work on student experiences in the CS major focuses on CS in American and European contexts. This paper explores the experience of CS students who due to India's unusual educational system, joined CS with very little knowledge about CS outside of its reputation. The study was a grounded-theory based interview study based on 20 students at 2 tiers of schools in India. Results suggest that although students generally enjoyed the CS content of their courses, they had a great deal of concern about the lack of freedom in professional programming. This is surprising considering the highly positive view of CS jobs is what initially seems to attract students to the major. We contrast this with educational findings in other contexts and discuss the educational implications of the result.
PROPOSAL : LEARNING DYNAMIC MOTOR SKILLS FOR VIRTUAL AND REAL HUMANOIDS

Disney Research Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Lab Associate. Mentor: Katsu Yamane May. 2014 – Aug. 2014 Adobe Creative Technology Lab Seattle, Washington Research Intern. Mentors: J. McCann and J. Popović May. 2012 – Aug. 2012 Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Computing Atlanta, Georgia Graduate Research Assistant Aug. 2010 – Present Georgia Institute of Technology, College of Computing Atlanta, Georgia Visiting Researcher Aug. 2009 – Aug. 2010
The development and psychometric evaluation of a support scale for pre‐school inclusion

This study aimed to develop a new scale, the ‘Supports Scale For Preschool Inclusion’ (SSPI), to assess pre‐school teachers’ perceptions of necessary factors and availability of supports for a successful inclusion in pre‐school educational settings. Pre‐school teachers (n = 183, mean age = 32.81, standard deviation = 8.29) from all regions of Turkey participated in the study. They were asked to fill in each item of the SSPI for two dimensions, namely necessity and support dimensions, by rating on a four‐point Likert‐type scale from 1 (none) to 4 (completely). A number of reliability and validity analyses—such as internal consistency, test–retest reliabilities and factor and criterion validities—were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the SSPI. The results showed that the 34‐item respondent‐based scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess pre‐school teachers’ perception of necessities and availabilities of supports for successful inclusion. Findings were discussed in relation to the usage of the scale in inclusive settings.
‘Not waving but drowing’: a reply to Tony Ridgway

Strategic approaches to second-language skills acquisition offer an easy target, given the inconclusive nature of much of the research in this area, a certain amount of terminological confusion, and the haphazard taxonomies that have been proposed. But it is unfair to blame the message for the package in which it comes, and Tony Ridgway is hasty in dismissing the concept of strategy instruction as readily as he does. He is also prone to overlook the ideas of those (among them, myself) who adopt a more pragmatic task-driven approach to the issue. And, while I endorse the points that he makes about the nature of the listening skill, the conclusions that I draw in respect of the L2 listener are very different from his.
Atoh1-Lineal Neurons Are Required for Hearing and for the Survival of Neurons in the Spiral Ganglion and Brainstem Accessory Auditory Nuclei

Atoh1 is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor necessary for the specification of inner ear hair cells and central auditory system neurons derived from the rhombic lip. We used the Cre–loxP system and two Cre-driver lines (Egr2Cre and Hoxb1Cre ) to delete Atoh1 from different regions of the cochlear nucleus (CN) and accessory auditory nuclei (AAN). Adult Atoh1-conditional knock-out mice (Atoh1CKO ) are behaviorally deaf, have diminished auditory brainstem evoked responses, and have disrupted CN and AAN morphology and connectivity. In addition, Egr2; Atoh1CKO mice lose spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea and AAN neurons during the first 3 d of life, revealing a novel critical period in the development of these neurons. These new mouse models of predominantly central deafness illuminate the importance of the CN for support of a subset of peripheral and central auditory neurons.
A microRNA‐328 binding site in PAX6 is associated with centrotemporal spikes of rolandic epilepsy

Rolandic epilepsy is a common genetic focal epilepsy of childhood characterized by centrotemporal sharp waves on electroencephalogram. In previous genome‐wide analysis, we had reported linkage of centrotemporal sharp waves to chromosome 11p13, and fine mapping with 44 SNPs identified the ELP4‐PAX6 locus in two independent US and Canadian case–control samples. Here, we aimed to find a causative variant for centrotemporal sharp waves using a larger sample and higher resolution genotyping array.
The Relation Between People's Connection With a Target and the Perceived Importance of Justice

We propose that actors will perceive justice as more important with respect to a target when they experience moderate versus extremely high or extremely low connection with the target. In two studies, we manipulated actors’ connection with (e.g., similarity to) a target and the target's standing on the appropriate justice criterion. Both studies yielded the predicted curvilinear relation between connectedness and the perceived relevance of justice. In Study 2, actors’ decisions were more affected by the justice criterion in the moderate versus extreme connectedness conditions. Our findings have important implications for the interplay between connection with others and moral motivations.
Ray representation of longitudinal lateral waves in acoustic microscopy

For object materials having a large enough Rayleigh velocity, the V(z) (where V is the output voltage and z is the defocus distance) variation is mainly due to interference between the fields of the geometrically reflected wave and the leaky Rayleigh wave. However, for materials, such as organic compounds, having a low Rayleigh velocity, the leaky Rayleigh wave is not excited. For this case, the lateral wave resulting from propagation along the surface of the longitudinal wave plays a significant role in determining the V(z) dependence. The effect of the lateral wave contribution on V(z) is studied. Ray optics is to derive an expression giving the influence of the longitudinal lateral wave. Good agreement is found between the theory and measurements for z not near zero. Because of the ease with which the longitudinal wave velocity can be obtained from V(z), one can conveniently determine the elastic constant c/sub 11/ of isotropic materials using the acoustic microscope. <<ETX>>
TEST OF An ontological test of the IAT: Self-activation can increase predictive validity

Extensive research has been conducted demonstrating the predictive validity and reliability of the IAT for a broad array of behaviors and contexts. However, less work has been done examining its underlying construct validity. This contribution focuses on examining whether a core theoretical foundation of the IAT paradigm is valid, specifically, whether the IAT effect draws on the Social Knowledge Structure. We present four studies within different domains that show that the IAT does indeed appear to draw on the SKS. The data show that activation of the self before the categorization task enhances the predictive validity of the IAT, as one would expect if the IAT reflects the SKS. We discuss theoretical reasons for these findings, with emphasis also on underlying statistical/psychometric issues.
Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Develops Airway Hyperresponsiveness Independently of Airway Inflammation in a Murine Asthma Model1

Lipid mediators play an important role in modulating inflammatory responses. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory phospholipid with eosinophil chemotactic activity in vitro and in vivo. We show in this study that mice deficient in PAF receptor exhibited significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic cholinergic stimulation in an asthma model. However, PAF receptor-deficient mice developed an eosinophilic inflammatory response at a comparable level to that of wild-type mice. These results indicate an important role for PAF receptor, downstream of the eosinophilic inflammatory cascade, in regulating airway responsiveness after sensitization and aeroallergen challenge.
Ontogeny Tends to Recapitulate Phylogeny in Digital Organisms

Biologists have long debated whether ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny and, if so, why. Two plausible explanations are that (i) changes to early developmental stages are selected against because they tend to disrupt later development and (ii) simpler structures often precede more complex ones in both ontogeny and phylogeny if the former serve as building blocks for the latter. It is difficult to test these hypotheses experimentally in natural systems, so we used a computational system that exhibits evolutionary dynamics. We observed that ontogeny does indeed recapitulate phylogeny; traits that arose earlier in a lineage’s history also tended to be expressed earlier in the development of individuals. The relative complexity of traits contributed substantially to this correlation, but a significant tendency toward recapitulation remained even after accounting for trait complexity. This additional effect provides evidence that selection against developmental disruption also contributed to the conservation of early stages in development.
Time Trends of Surgical Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: A surgical resection is a potentially curative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated the time trends of the surgical outcome in patients with NSCLC. Methods: This study clinicopathologically evaluated 1487 patients who had undergone a resection for NSCLC between 1979 and 2008 during the five periods of 1979–1988, 1989–1993, 1994–1998, 1999–2003, and 2004–2008. Results: The number of patients who underwent a resection during the five respective periods increased: 167, 261, 248, 382, and 429. The percentage of pathologic stage IA lung cancers was 16.2, 21.5, 23.0, 38.5, and 52.0% in each period, respectively, and it has risen rapidly in recent years. The percentage of adenocarcinoma has also progressively increased during each period: 49.1, 52.1, 54.7, 62.8, and 69.7%, respectively. The diameter of the tumors resected during each period was 36, 37, 38, 33, and 26 mm, respectively, showing that the tumor tended to be diagnosed at an increasingly smaller size. The postoperative 5-year survival rates during the five periods improved markedly: 34.1, 44.0, 44.9, 65.4, and 76.5%, respectively. Patients with pathologic stage IA lung cancer also exhibited increasingly higher 5-year survival rates during the five periods: 70.0, 71.2, 80.4, 89.2, and 88.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The prognosis of NSCLC patients has remarkably improved in recent years. The increase in the number of patients with adenocarcinoma in the early stage is thought to have strongly contributed to the favorable results. Thus, early diagnosis remains a key factor for improving the survival of lung cancer patients after surgical treatment.
SENTENCING AND UNWARRANTED DISPARITY: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF SENTENCING GUIDELINES IN MINNESOTA*

Using an interrupted time-series design, this research note analyzes the long-term effect of Minnesota's sentencing guidelines on reducing unwarranted disparity in sentencing outcomes that fall within their scope of authority. Unwarranted disparity is defined as residual variation not attributable to legally mandated sentencing factors. Findings suggest that although the sentencing guidelines initially reduced disparity for the no prison/prison sentencing decision, inequality began to revert to preguideline levels as time passed. Further analysis revealed that the guidelines had a permanent impact on reducing disparities in decisions on the length of prison sentence. Overall we observed an 18% decline in disparity for the no prison/prison outcome and a 60% reduction in inequality for the judicial decision as to length of prison sentence. Two explanations for the reversionary trend in the no prison/prison series are highlighted.
Factors Influencing the Measurement of Lysosomal Enzymes Activity in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

Measurements of the activities of lysosomal enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid have recently been proposed as putative biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. To define the operating procedures useful for ensuring the reliability of these measurements, we analyzed several pre-analytical factors that may influence the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase, α-mannosidase, β-mannosidase, β-galactosidase, α-fucosidase, β-hexosaminidase, cathepsin D and cathepsin E in cerebrospinal fluid. Lysosomal enzyme activities were measured by well-established fluorimetric assays in a consecutive series of patients (n = 28) with different neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease. The precision, pre-storage and storage conditions, and freeze/thaw cycles were evaluated. All of the assays showed within- and between-run variabilities below 10%. At −20°C, only cathepsin D was stable up to 40 weeks. At −80°C, the cathepsin D, cathepsin E, and β-mannosidase activities did not change significantly up to 40 weeks, while β-glucocerebrosidase activity was stable up to 32 weeks. The β-galactosidase and α-fucosidase activities significantly increased (+54.9±38.08% after 4 weeks and +88.94±36.19% after 16 weeks, respectively). Up to four freeze/thaw cycles did not significantly affect the activities of cathepsins D and E. The β-glucocerebrosidase activity showed a slight decrease (−14.6%) after two freeze/thaw cycles. The measurement of lysosomal enzyme activities in cerebrospinal fluid is reliable and reproducible if pre-analytical factors are accurately taken into consideration. Therefore, the analytical recommendations that ensue from this study may contribute to the establishment of actual values for the activities of cerebrospinal fluid lysosomal enzymes as putative biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water

The adsorption mechanism of the removal of lead from water by using carboxylic functional group (COOH) functionalized on the surface of carbon nanotubes was investigated. Four independent variables including pH, CNTs dosage, contact time, and agitation speed were carried out to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the lead from water. The morphology of the synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to measure the diameter and the length of the CNTs. The diameters of the carbon nanotubes were varied from 20 to 40 nm with average diameter at 24 nm and 10 micrometer in length. Results of the study showed that 100% of lead was removed by using COOH-MCNTs at pH 7, 150 rpm, and 2 hours. These high removal efficiencies were likely attributed to the strong affinity of lead to the physical and chemical properties of the CNTs. The adsorption isotherms plots were well fitted with experimental data.
Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with different ethnic backgrounds.

BACKGROUND The identification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) serotypes may add some important information to the understanding of the pathogenetic background of severe periodontal infections. This study compared serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in two groups of periodontal patients with different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS A total of 194 patients (96 Germans and 98 Koreans) with aggressive or severe chronic periodontitis participated in the study. Microbiologic analysis of pooled samples from subgingival plaque was performed by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for A. actinomycetemcomitans. In patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, serotypes (a through f) were determined by nucleic acid-based methods. RESULTS The prevalence of patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans with the real-time PCR was comparable in both groups (Germans: 27.0%; Koreans: 22.2%). In German patients, the serotypes detected most frequently were b (33.3%), c (25.0%), and a (20.8%), whereas in Korean patients, the serotype distribution was different, with serotypes c (61.9%) and d (19.0%) accounting for >80% of the complete serotype spectrum. CONCLUSION Even if the percentage of patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans was identical in patients with generalized aggressive and severe chronic periodontitis and different ethnic backgrounds, the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes may exhibit marked differences.
Architecture design principles for the integration of synchronization interfaces into network-on-chip switches

This paper contributes to the maturity of the GALS NoC design practice by advocating for tight integration of GALS synchronization interfaces into NoC architecture building blocks. At the cost of re-engineering the input/output stages of NoC switches and network interfaces, this approach proves capable of materializing GALS NoCs with the same area and power of their synchronous counterparts, while reducing latency at the clock domain boundary. This design style is experimented in this paper with a mesochronous synchronizer and a dual-clock FIFO, which are tightly coupled with the switches of the xpipesLite NoC architecture.
Lumbar retrodiscal transforaminal injection.

BACKGROUND Spinal injections are commonly used to treat lumbar radiculitis and back pain. Delivery of medication to specific targeted pathology is considered important for a successful therapeutic outcome. A variety of routes of injection have been devised for epidural injection of corticosteroid. OBJECTIVES The author demonstrates a variation of the transforaminal injection technique. The radiographic spread of contrast is described using a more oblique and ventral caudad approach in the epidural space "retrodiscal. " It is suggested that the radiographic findings of this technique for discogenic causes of induced radiculitis and/or back pain may yield more precise targeting of putative pathologic sources of radiculopathy and back pain in selected patients. METHODS In patients with disc pathology and radiculitis, the anatomy of the lumbar epidural space is reviewed for its potential effect on the flow of injectate. Contrast spread was documented for lumbar transforaminal injection using a needle placement more oblique and behind the disc rather than in the cranial portion. Comparison is made to a typical contrast spread of an infra-pedicular placed transforaminal injection. RESULTS Retrodiscal contrast injection results in reliable coverage of the retrodiscal region, the exiting nerve at that foraminal level and the proximal portion of the transiting segmental neural sleeve. CONCLUSIONS The radiographic findings demonstrate a difference between classic infra-pedicular versus retrodiscal transforaminal epidural contrast injection patterns, particularly at relatively low volumes. The clinical advantage of one technique versus the other should be established in randomized prospective studies.