Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Steps Toward a Psychopathology of "Common Sense"

In addition to discussing some philosophical accounts of common sense, this article considers several ways in which common sense can be altered or disturbed in psychopathology. Common sense can be defined as practical understanding, capacity to see and take things in their right light, sound judgment, or ordinary mental capacity. The philosopher Vico described it as the ability to distinguish the probable from the improbable. Goethe understood common sense as an "organ" that is formed in communication for the purpose of communication. Common sense is rooted in the intersubjective constitution of the life-world.Obsessive-compulsive patients show relatively mild disturbances of common sense. Patients with major affective psychoses, in their premorbid personality structure, are overly attached to common sense. In schizophrenia, however, there seems to be a true abdication of common sense involving a loss of "natural self-evidence. " Even in premorbid states, such persons often lose both the sense of tact and the ability to "take things in their right light. " Although logic, and the ability to engage in theoretical discussion, may be preserved, there is a loss of interpretive skills and the "faculty of judgment"; this results in an inability to cope with everyday practical and social activity. There is also a characteristic sense of perplexity, a sense of amazement before that which would normally seem self-evident and a frequent tendency to reflect upon the conditions of possibility of existence that otherwise remain concealed. The author suggests that the fragility of common sense should not be seen as a mere deficiency state. Rather, it derives from a basic vulnerability inherent in the very structure of being human. (Abstract written by special issue editor: L.A.S.)
A novel TBP-TAF complex on RNA Polymerase II-transcribed snRNA genes

Initiation of transcription of most human genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) requires the formation of a preinitiation complex comprising TFIIA, B, D, E, F, H and RNAP II. The general transcription factor TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein and up to 13 TBP-associated factors. During transcription of snRNA genes, RNAP II does not appear to make the transition to long-range productive elongation, as happens during transcription of protein-coding genes. In addition, recognition of the snRNA gene-type specific 3′ box RNA processing element requires initiation from an snRNA gene promoter. These characteristics may, at least in part, be driven by factors recruited to the promoter. For example, differences in the complement of TAFs might result in differential recruitment of elongation and RNA processing factors. As precedent, it already has been shown that the promoters of some protein-coding genes do not recruit all the TAFs found in TFIID. Although TAF5 has been shown to be associated with RNAP II-transcribed snRNA genes, the full complement of TAFs associated with these genes has remained unclear. Here we show, using a ChIP and siRNA-mediated approach, that the TBP/TAF complex on snRNA genes differs from that found on protein-coding genes. Interestingly, the largest TAF, TAF1, and the core TAFs, TAF10 and TAF4, are not detected on snRNA genes. We propose that this snRNA gene-specific TAF subset plays a key role in gene type-specific control of expression.
Production and stability studies of the bioemulsifier obtained from a new strain of Candida glabrata UCP 1002

Evaluation of both tenso-active and emulsifying activities indicated that a biosurfactant was produced by the newly isolated and promising strain Candida glabrata isolated from mangrove sediments. The extracellular water-soluble emulsifying agent was isolated and identified as a heteropolymer. The maximum of bioemulsifier production was observed when the strain was grown on soluble and insoluble substrates cotton seed oil plus glucose, reaching values of 10.0 g/l after 144 hrs at 200 rpm. The cell-free culture broth containing the examined agent lowered the surface tension of the medium to 31 mN/m. Stable and compact emulsions with emulsifying activity of 75% of cotton seed oil were detected. The emulsification capacity remained practically unaltered within a wide pH (2-12), temperature (4-80oC) ranges and under NaCl concentrations up to 10%.
CGRP1 receptor activation induces piecemeal release of protease‐1 from mouse bone marrow‐derived mucosal mast cells

Background The parasitized or inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa shows an increase in the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) and the density of extrinsic primary afferent nerve fibers containing the neuropeptide, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). Currently, the mode of action of CGRP on MMC is unknown.
The Effect of Ethnicity on Juvenile Court Decision Making in Hawaii

Delinquency referrals to family courts in the state of Hawaii were analyzed to examine whether ethnic disparity existed in juvenile court processing. Drawing on conflict theory, it was hypothesized that socially disadvantaged ethnic groups (Hawaiian, Filipino, and Samoan) would experience more severe outcomes than White and East Asian youth with similar backgrounds and legal histories. The findings show that Hawaiian and Samoan youth experienced different treatment compared to White youth. Although the ethnic effects diminished when additional extralegal and legal factors were included, it was found that Hawaiian and Samoan youth were significantly more likely than White youth to receive more severe court outcomes. The implications ofthis research for understanding the general issue of ethnic disparity in an increasingly diverse juvenile justice system are discussed.
DRIVERS' BEHAVIOR AT STOP SIGNS : A DETERIORATION

In a 1985 observational study of 176 private car drivers at stop signs in eight locations in a town setting in Quebec, 42% came to a complete stop, 43% slowed, and 15% did not stop or slow. Relative to previous years (1979 to 1983), these data show a general deterioration in performance that cannot be accounted for by changes in the density of traffic. Further analyses showed that most of the 1985 decline in performance occurred in the absence of other vehicles, where complete stops were considerably fewer than in recent years.
Iodine accumulation in sea urchin larvae is dependent on peroxide

SUMMARY Iodine has many important biological functions and its concentrations vary with the environment. Recent research has provided novel insights into iodine uptake mechanisms in marine bacteria and kelp through hydrogen peroxide-dependent diffusion (PDD). This mechanism is distinct from sodium-dependent mechanisms known from vertebrates. In vertebrates, iodine accumulates in the thyroid gland by the action of the apical iodide transporter (AIT) and the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Neither of these proteins has, thus far, been identified outside of the chordates, and PDD (as an iodine uptake mechanism) has never been studied in animals. Using 125I as a marker for total iodine influx, we tested iodine uptake via sodium-dependent transport versus PDD in embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We found that iodine uptake in S. purpuratus is largely independent of NIS/AIT. Instead, we found that uptake is dependent on the presence and production of hydrogen peroxide, indicating that sea urchin larvae use PDD as a mechanism for iodine acquisition. Our data, for the first time, provide conclusive evidence for this mechanism in an animal. Furthermore, our data provide preliminary evidence that sodium-dependent iodine uptake via active transporter proteins is a synapomorphy of vertebrates.
Orientations to happiness and subjective well‐being among Chinese prospective and in‐service teachers in Hong Kong

This study investigated three orientations to happiness and their relationships with subjective well‐being in a sample of 228 Chinese prospective and in‐service teachers in Hong Kong. Confirmatory item factor analyses supported a three‐dimensional model that included constructs represented by a life of meaning, a life of pleasure, and a life of engagement. These three orientations, especially the meaningful life and the engaged life were found to predict life satisfaction and positive emotions as two components of subjective well‐being. Implications of the findings on the relationships between orientations and subjective well‐being for helping teachers to promote a more satisfying life to combat against teacher burnout are discussed.
“The Unbearable Lightness of Cleaning”: Representations of Domestic Practice and Products in Good Housekeeping Magazine (UK): 1951–2001

In this paper we begin to open the black box that constitutes the organisation of domestic cleaning and consumption in the latter half of the twentieth century. We focus specifically on change and continuity in the manner in which cleaning practices and cleaning products are represented in the UK woman's magazine Good Housekeeping, in the late modern period. After a discussion of the modern history of cleanliness, we proceed with a rationale for why this magazine was chosen for our analysis, followed by a summary of our methodology. We then argue that three phases of representation may be delineated in the time period we investigated. The first phase, which is apparent in the 1951 and 1961 issues, we have named “pride in domestic practice” and it covers a period when, what we call “the women's lobby”, speaks in a uniform voice about the tasks of the housewife and the purpose of domestic cleaning. The second phase, manifest in the 1971 and 1981 issues, is termed “domestic dreaming”, and it heralds a period when Good Housekeeping calls its readership to dream about the potentials of a transformed consumer culture. The third phase, which is evident in some respects in 1981, but which is more clearly present in 1991 and 2001, we have called “modern advising in a late modern world”. During this period, Good Housekeeping settles into a new role as a modern advisor of cleaning products and practices within the context of a world that poses significant complexities. Our discussion also focuses on how three values of cleanliness; that associated with germs, aesthetics and efficiency/ease are present in the magazine. Our analysis is contextualised in relation to the cultural silencing of cleanliness in this period and related to social and cultural changes associated with feminism and consumer culture.
Gated Autoencoders with Tied Input Weights

The semantic interpretation of images is one of the core applications of deep learning. Several techniques have been recently proposed to model the relation between two images, with application to pose estimation, action recognition or invariant object recognition. Among these techniques, higher-order Boltzmann machines or relational autoencoders consider projections of the images on different subspaces and intermediate layers act as transformation specific detectors. In this work, we extend the mathematical study of (Memisevic, 2012b) to show that it is possible to use a unique projection for both images in a way that turns intermediate layers as spectrum encoders of transformations. We show that this results in networks that are easier to tune and have greater generalization capabilities.
Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes in orthodontic patients treated with and without extractions.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes in orthodontic patients treated with and without extractions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pharyngeal airway was analyzed for 31 subjects (15 males, 16 females) treated with extractions of four first premolars and 31 age- and gender-matched controls (15 males, 16 females) treated without extractions. The mean age of subjects was 12.97 ± 1.15 years at the beginning and 15.69 ± 1.28 years at the end of treatment. The mean age of controls was 12.86 ± 0.74 years at the beginning and 15.18 ± 0.86 years at the end of treatment. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) volumes, area of maximum pharyngeal constriction (AMPC), and upper arch perimeter were measured on T0 and T1 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Paired samples t-test was used for analyzing statistical significance of changes (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the pharyngeal airway values between the extraction and non-extraction groups at neither T0 nor T1. The extraction group showed a statistically significant increase for NP and OP volumes and AMPC values. Such increase was also noted in the non-extraction group, without statistical significance for AMPC values. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that an extraction or non-extraction choice for orthodontic treatment would not affect the pharyngeal airway.
Relationship Between Reflective Disposition Toward Teaching and Effective Teaching

Abstract The author demonstrated that a reflective disposition toward teaching was related to effective teaching especially in the domains of instructional behavior, classroom organization, and teacher expectation. Data used to test the hypothesis were composed of reflective disposition scores earned by teacher candidates (N = 55) and effective teaching scores given teacher candidates by their field instructors. Reflective disposition consisted of 6 components: the composite of reflective disposition and the composite of effective teaching, reflection on what teachers should know and be able to do, reflection on teaching, reflection on learning, reflection on the relationship between learning and teaching, and reflection on what it would be like to be a teacher in the classroom. Effective teaching consisted of 5 components: the composite of effective teaching, classroom management, instructional behavior, classroom organization, and teacher expectations.
Serum Amyloid Alpha in Parapneumonic Effusions

Study objectives. To assess serum amyloid alpha (SAA) pleural fluid levels in parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and to investigate SAA diagnostic performance in PPE diagnosis and outcome. Methods. We studied prospectively 57 consecutive patients with PPE (empyema (EMP), complicated (CPE), and uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UPE)). SAA, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were evaluated in serum and pleural fluid at baseline. Patients were followed for 6-months to detect pleural thickening/loculations. Results. Pleural SAA levels (mg/dL) median(IQR) were significantly higher in CPE compared to UPE (P < 0.04); CRP levels were higher in EMP and CPE compared to UPE (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α level in different PPE forms. No significant association between SAA levels and 6-month outcome was found. At 6-months, patients with no evidence of loculations/thickening had significantly higher pleural fluid pH, glucose levels (P = 0.03), lower LDH (P = 0.005), IL-1β levels (P = 0.001) compared to patients who presented pleural loculations/thickening. Conclusions. SAA is increased in complicated PPE, and it might be useful as a biomarker for UPE and CPE diagnosis. SAA levels did not demonstrate considerable diagnostic performance in identifying patients who develop pleural thickening/loculations after a PPE.
Value similarity among grandparents, parents, and adolescent children: Unique or stereotypical?

A core issue in family research on value transmission is the extent of value similarity between generations, similarity which can originate from the transmission process within the family and from the social-cultural context in which the family lives. The general aim of this three-generational study was to measure parent-child value similarity, removing the effect of the social-cultural context in order to uncover that value similarity that stems from the unique and specific relationship between members of a family. Participants were 381 Italian family triads (father, mother, and one adolescent child); for 257 families one grandmother was also involved. Subjects completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Findings empirically showed the strong interaction between family and social-cultural context in determining the level of value similarity.
Perception of Emotion in Conversational Speech by Younger and Older Listeners

This study investigated whether age and/or differences in hearing sensitivity influence the perception of the emotion dimensions arousal (calm vs. aroused) and valence (positive vs. negative attitude) in conversational speech. To that end, this study specifically focused on the relationship between participants’ ratings of short affective utterances and the utterances’ acoustic parameters (pitch, intensity, and articulation rate) known to be associated with the emotion dimensions arousal and valence. Stimuli consisted of short utterances taken from a corpus of conversational speech. In two rating tasks, younger and older adults either rated arousal or valence using a 5-point scale. Mean intensity was found to be the main cue participants used in the arousal task (i.e., higher mean intensity cueing higher levels of arousal) while mean F0 was the main cue in the valence task (i.e., higher mean F0 being interpreted as more negative). Even though there were no overall age group differences in arousal or valence ratings, compared to younger adults, older adults responded less strongly to mean intensity differences cueing arousal and responded more strongly to differences in mean F0 cueing valence. Individual hearing sensitivity among the older adults did not modify the use of mean intensity as an arousal cue. However, individual hearing sensitivity generally affected valence ratings and modified the use of mean F0. We conclude that age differences in the interpretation of mean F0 as a cue for valence are likely due to age-related hearing loss, whereas age differences in rating arousal do not seem to be driven by hearing sensitivity differences between age groups (as measured by pure-tone audiometry).
Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion

Introduction Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Part I. Coping with Exclusion: Being Excluded for Who You Are: 1. On being the target of prejudice: educational implications Michael Inzlicht, Joshua Aronson, and Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton 2. To climb or not to climb? When minorities stick to the floor Margarita Sanchez-Mazas and Annalisa Casini 3. Managing the message: using social influence and attitude change strategies to confront interpersonal discrimination Janet Swim, Sarah Gervais, Nicholas Pearson, and Charles Stangor 4. A new representation of minorities as victims Serge Moscovici and Juan Perez 5. Marginalization through social ostracism: effects of being ignored and excluded Kipling Williams and Adrienne Carter-Sowell Part II. Coping with Exclusion: Being Excluded for What You Think and Do: 6. Delinquents as a minority group: accidental tourists in forbidden territory or voluntary emigrees? Nicholas Emler 7. Minority group identification: responses to discrimination when group membership is controllable Jolanda Jetten and Nyla Branscombe 8. Coping with stigmatization: smokers' reactions to antismoking campaigns Juan Manuel Falomir-Pichastor, Armand Chatard, Gabriel Mugny, and Alain Quiamzade 9. Terrorism as a tactic of minority influence Xiaoyan Chen and Arie Kruglanski 10. The stigma of racist activism Kathleen Blee 11. Why groups fall apart: a social psychological model of the schismatic process Fabio Sani Part III. Coping with Inclusion: 12. Multiple identities and the paradox of social inclusion Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers 13. Pro-minority policies and cultural change: a dilemma for minorities Angelica Mucchi-Faina 14. Influence without credit: how successful minorities respond to social cyptomnesia Fabrizio Butera, John Levine, and Jean-Pierre Vernet 15. Influence and its aftermath: motives for agreement among minorities and majorities Radmila Prislin and Niels Christensen.
High energy cosmic rays

New observations with ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile have revealed alignments over the largest structures ever discovered in the Universe. A European research team has found that the rotation axes of the central supermassive black holes in a sample of quasars are parallel to each other over distances of billions of light-years. The team has also found that the rotation axes of these quasars tend to be aligned with the vast structures in the cosmic web in which they reside. [6]
Simultaneous Serous Cyst Adenoma and Ovarian Pregnancy in An Infertile Woman

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of extra uterine pregnancy. Serous cyst adenoma is a benign variant of epithelial cell tumors of ovary. The coexistence of a cyst adenoma with an ovarian pregnancy in the same ovary is extremely rare. Some studies suggested that infertility or ovulation-inducing drugs can be involved in increased risk of ovarian tumors and ovarian pregnancies. A 28-year-old infertile woman presented with a ruptured ovarian pregnancy following ovulation induction with metformin. She had a concurrent benign serous cyst adenoma in the same ovary. Resection of both ovarian pregnancy and tumoral mass were performed. The ovary was preserved. Removal of gestational tissue and preservation of the involved ovary are the best options for management of ovarian pregnancy in young patient. Although there is an association between infertility/ovulation inducting medications and ovarian gestation, their connections with serous cyst adenoma are undetermined.
Entropy/IP: Uncovering Structure in IPv6 Addresses

In this paper, we introduce Entropy/IP: a system that discovers Internet address structure based on analyses of a subset of IPv6 addresses known to be active, i.e., training data, gleaned by readily available passive and active means. The system is completely automated and employs a combination of information-theoretic and machine learning techniques to probabilistically model IPv6 addresses. We present results showing that our system is effective in exposing structural characteristics of portions of the active IPv6 Internet address space, populated by clients, services, and routers. In addition to visualizing the address structure for exploration, the system uses its models to generate candidate addresses for scanning. For each of 15 evaluated datasets, we train on 1K addresses and generate 1M candidates for scanning. We achieve some success in 14 datasets, finding up to 40% of the generated addresses to be active. In 11 of these datasets, we find active network identifiers (e.g., /64 prefixes or "subnets") not seen in training. Thus, we provide the first evidence that it is practical to discover subnets and hosts by scanning probabilistically selected areas of the IPv6 address space not known to contain active hosts a priori.