Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inalienable ethnography: keeping‐while‐giving and the Trobriand case

In Inalienable possessions, Annette Weiner (1992) focuses on the paradox of ‘keeping-while-giving’ rather than the ‘norm of reciprocity’ as the central issue of social life, drawing heavily on Trobriand examples. In this article, key elements of Weiner’s theory are contrasted with prevailing views of Melanesian personhood and agency and with canonical Western notions of exchange, and her use of the Trobriand materials is juxtaposed with previously published ethnographic accounts of the same practices. It is argued that Weiner’s ethnographic illustrations do not lend support to her theory of inalienable possessions; that her conceptual framework is at considerable variance with well-founded understandings of Melanesian sociality; and that the paradox of keeping-while-giving is more appropriately seen as deriving from Western presuppositions of individual boundedness, subjectivity, possession, ownership, and hierarchy, and the need to establish permanence in an entropic world.
[Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff].

INTRODUCTION Shoulder arthroscopy was only at first a surgical technique for subacromial decompression and has been progressively extended to the cuff repairs. This surgery remains nevertheless difficult and requires to be described exactly. A multicenter study of the French Arthroscopic Society allowed to analyse and to underline the quality of the clinical and anatomical results. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE The technique is described exactly as well as the necessary material. Repair will be adapted to the size and the location of the tear. The technical skill should be simple, effective and reproducible to obtain the best anatomical result. RESULTS The Constant score improved from an average 46.3 (13.4) to 82.7 (+/- 10.3) at the last follow-up, with 62% of patients' symptom free. Strength improved from 5.8 (+/- 3.7) to 13.6 (+/- 5.4). Ninety-four percent of the results were rated as excellent or good (Constant score >65). A watertight repair was found in 74.1% of the cases. DISCUSSION Numerous correlations allow to confirm the results found in the literature: the healing of the cuff improves global functional results even when the tear is massive; anatomical result depends on the size of the initial tear; preoperative fatty degeneration is an important predictive factor; the healing of the cuff is related to the age. The quality of the results, the evolution of the material, the simplification and the codification of the surgical technique make it an accessible, effective reproducible surgery.
The francophones of Quebec: language policies and language use

Apres avoir donne un apercu historique et une description demolinguistique de la situation de la communaute francophone au Quebec, les As examinent les politiques linguistiques et la legislation qui ont transforme les attitudes linguistiques et les comportements, faisant du Quebec l'unique societe nord-americaine qui soit passee de l'anglais au francais comme langue dominante
Activation and Inhibition of Affective Information: for Negative Priming in the Evaluation Task

The affective congruency effect, wherein shorter response latencies are observed for affectively congruent prime-target pairs in the evaluation task (i.e. the target is evaluated as positive or negative) has often been interpreted in terms of a spread of activation from the prime to affectively congruent targets. In the present article, it is argued that the effect might be due to a conflict between the responses that are activated by the prime and target, assuming that the prime serves as a distractor for processing the target. If such a conflict occurs, this would result in a negative priming effect, that is, an affective incongruency of prime (e.g. death) and target (e.g. wise) on trial n-1 (prime-trial) will result in a slowing of the response on trial n (probe-trial) if the probe target (e.g. lonely) is affectively congruent to the distractor of the prime-trial. This hypothesis was confirmed in Experiment 1 (N = 35) with a sequential presentation of distractor and target (i.e. SOA = 300msec) and furt.
Facilitating Participation: Parents' Perceptions of Their Involvement in the IEP/Transition Planning Process

Significance of the Issue Parent participation in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) planning process had its formal inception in 1975 with the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142). The intent of the mandate was to include parents as educational decision-makers in the process of developing, evaluating, and revising individualized educational programs for their sons and daughters with disabilities (Turnbull & Turnbull, 1986). Fifteen years later, the EHA was re-authorized as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and expanded to include transition planning as a required component of the IEP process for students with disabilities 16 years of age and older (P.L. 101-476, 20 U.S.C. 1401 [a] [19] ) . The IDEA emphasizes the importance of parent and student participation in the transition planing process by requiring school personnel to notify parents when transition planning is scheduled to occur as part of a student’s IEP planning process, and invite both students and parents to the IEP/transition planning meeting. Since its introduction through the EHA, parent participation in the IEP
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in HIV Infected and Uninfected Pregnant Women with and without Preeclampsia

Introduction Preeclampsia and HIV/AIDS are inflammatory conditions that contribute significantly to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. The immune reconstitution effects of HAART on inflammatory mediators has not been adequately studied in pregnancy and may impact on the inflammatory cytokine network in women with co-morbid preeclampsia. Our study evaluated changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 in HIV infected preeclamptic women on HAART. Methods A prospective experimental study was conducted at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital between July 2013 and September 2014. One hundred and ninety three pregnant women were recruited into 4 groups: uninfected normotensive (50; 26%), infected normotensive (45; 23%), uninfected preeclamptic (53; 28%) and infected preeclamptic women (45; 23%). Serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL-2 and IL-6 were determined using commercially available kits and a Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). Comparative data was recorded and analysed descriptively. Results In the control groups (normotensive), significantly lower values were found in IL-2 (p = 0.010), TNF-α (p = 0.045), and IL-6 (p = 0.005); and a non-significant decrease was observed in IFN-γ (p = 0.345) in HIV infected women on HAART compared to uninfected controls. In the experimental group (preeclamptic) women, significantly reduced levels were observed in IL-2 and TNF-α (p = 0.001; p = 0.000) and non-significant decreases were observed in IFN-γ and IL-6 (p = 0.023; p = 0.086) in HIV infected women on HAART compared with uninfected preeclamptic women. Non-significant differences were observed between uninfected preeclamptic and normotensive women. Conclusion In uncomplicated/normotensive pregnancies, HIV/HAART is associated with significant decreases in IL-2, TNF-α and IL-6, and in preeclamptic women significant decreases in IL-2 and TNF-α were observed. These findings suggest that HIV/HAART impacts on pro-inflammatory cytokines in women with co-morbid preeclampsia. This provides a platform for further research on immune reconstitution effects of HAART during pregnancy, and the development of potential immune modulation therapies for the management of preeclampsia.
Genetic distance , transportation costs , and trade 1

Genetic distance, geographic proximity, and economic variables are strongly correlated. Disentangling the effects of these factors is crucial for interpreting these correlations. We show that geographic factors that shaped genetic patterns in the past are also relevant for current transportation costs and could explain the correlation between trading flows and genetic distance. After controlling for geography, the impact of genetic distance on trade disappears. We make our point by constructing a database on geographical barriers, by introducing a novel dataset on transportation costs, and by proposing a new classification of goods according to the ease with which they can be transported.
Topological RPdBi half-Heusler semimetals: A new family of noncentrosymmetric magnetic superconductors

Tunable superconductivity and magnetism in noncentrosymmetric RPdBi provide a new route to exotic topological excitations. We report superconductivity and magnetism in a new family of topological semimetals, the ternary half-Heusler compound RPdBi (R: rare earth). In this series, tuning of the rare earth f-electron component allows for simultaneous control of both lattice density via lanthanide contraction and the strength of magnetic interaction via de Gennes scaling, allowing for a unique tuning of the normal-state band inversion strength, superconducting pairing, and magnetically ordered ground states. Antiferromagnetism with ordering vector (½,½,½) occurs below a Néel temperature that scales with de Gennes factor dG, whereas a superconducting transition is simultaneously supressed with increasing dG. With superconductivity appearing in a system with noncentrosymmetric crystallographic symmetry, the possibility of spin-triplet Cooper pairing with nontrivial topology analogous to that predicted for the normal-state electronic structure provides a unique and rich opportunity to realize both predicted and new exotic excitations in topological materials.
Multitask Classification Hypothesis Space With Improved Generalization Bounds

This paper presents a pair of hypothesis spaces (HSs) of vector-valued functions intended to be used in the context of multitask classification. While both are parameterized on the elements of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and impose a feature mapping that is common to all tasks, one of them assumes this mapping as fixed, while the more general one learns the mapping via multiple kernel learning. For these new HSs, empirical Rademacher complexity-based generalization bounds are derived, and are shown to be tighter than the bound of a particular HS, which has appeared recently in the literature, leading to improved performance. As a matter of fact, the latter HS is shown to be a special case of ours. Based on an equivalence to Group-Lasso type HSs, the proposed HSs are utilized toward corresponding support vector machine-based formulations. Finally, experimental results on multitask learning problems underline the quality of the derived bounds and validate this paper's analysis.
Nanoemulsions — Advances in Formulation, Characterization and Applications in Drug Delivery

An ideal drug delivery system fulfils the objective of maximizing therapeutic effect while minimizing toxicity. With the progress in time and advances in science and technology, dosage forms have evolved from simple mixtures and pills, to highly sophisticated systems, which are known as novel drug delivery systems. Nanoemulsions are novel drug deliv‐ ery systems consisting of emulsified oil and water systems with mean droplet diameters ranging from 50 to 1000 nm. Usually, the average droplet size is between 100 and 500 nm and can exist as oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) form, where the core of the particle is either oil or water, respectively. Nanoemulsions (Figs. 1 and 2) are made from pharma‐ ceutical surfactants that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). The surfactant type and concentration in the aqueous phase are chosen to provide good stability against coales‐ cence. Several types of oils-natural semi-synthetic and synthetic are used in the formula‐ tion of nanoemulsions. The capacity of nanoemulsions to dissolve large quantities of low soluble drugs along with their mutual compatibility and ability to protect the drugs from hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation make them ideal drug delivery vectors [1]. The major advantages of nanoemulsions as drug delivery carriers include increased drug loading, enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability, reduced patient variability, controlled drug release, and protection from enzymatic degradation [2].
Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement

Synthesizing theories of leadership, empowerment, and creativity, this research built and tested a theoretical model linking empowering leadership with creativity via several intervening variables. Using survey data from professional employees and their supervisors in a large information technology company in China, we found that, as anticipated, empowering leadership positively affected psychological empowerment, which in turn influenced both intrinsic motivation and creative process engagement. These latter two variables then had a positive influence on creativity. Empowerment role identity moderated the link between empowering leadership and psychological empowerment, whereas leader encouragement of creativity moderated the connection between psychological empowerment and creative process engagement.
When Sharing Consumption Emotions With Strangers Is More Satisfying Than Sharing Them With Friends

Consumers often share their service experiences with others and, in doing so, may change their evaluation of the experience. In three studies, we analyze the influence of social sharing of consumption-related emotions on the sharer’s satisfaction with the consumption experience and related outcomes. Study 1 demonstrates that the sharing of negative emotions amplifies the sharer’s dissatisfaction. Study 2 shows that the specific nature of the negative emotion (anger vs. regret) and that of the recipient (friend vs. stranger) moderate this negative effect. Study 3 finds that the effects of sharing further depend on whether the recipient is viewed as a prospective customer or not. From a theoretical perspective, the findings contradict the claim that cathartic venting contributes to a person’s relief and well-being. In addition, the assertion that strong ties are better than weak ties does not always hold. The benefits of sharing depend on the specific emotion involved and the recipient’s interests. From a managerial perspective, the findings should help companies devise programs to compensate the negative consequences of service failures. For example, by offering customers the opportunity to express anger to strangers through their corporate websites or social media communities, managers may be able to reduce customer dissatisfaction and thus maintain the relationship. In addition, such opportunities may help the firm identify dissatisfied consumers and, in turn, apply service recovery strategies to retain them.
Circadian Clock Proteins in Mood Regulation

Mood regulation is known to be affected by the change of seasons. Recent research findings have suggested that mood regulation may be influenced by the function of circadian clocks. In addition, the activity of brown adipocytes has been hypothesized to contribute to mood regulation. Here, the overarching link to mood disorders might be the circadian clock protein nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1.
Fibrates as adjuvant therapy for chronic cholestatic liver disease: Its time has come

In 1993, the effects of fibrates in lowering serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was shown for bezafibrate (BF) to be the result of hepatic, rather than bone or intestinal, isoenzymes.1 These initial observations led to the suggestion that fibrates might be beneficial for patients with an elevated ALP and cholestatic liver disease. Since then, several dozen case reports and pilot studies have demonstrated the efficacy of fibrates in reducing serum biomarkers of cholestasis and liver function abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and incomplete responses to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy (Tables 1 and ​and22).
Shooting Galleries, Dope Houses, and Injection Doctors: Examining the Social Ecology of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Drug Injectors in Dayton, Ohio

The social contexts in which drug injection occurs, the social roles drug injectors assume, and associated risk behaviors for infection with blood-borne pathogens remain inadequately understood. This study is based on over 10 years of ethnographic research among drug injectors in Dayton, Ohio. Specifically, fieldnotes from participant observation and semistructured interviews are used to deconstruct what constitutes a "shooting gallery" from the perspective of drug injectors. In addition, the social role of individuals who inject others for a fee—"injection doctors"—is examined. Results demonstrate that shooting galleries differ significantly from the accepted epidemiological concept which highlights the presence of needle renting—a practice that increases risk for infection with HIV, HBV, and HCV. Results suggest that needle renting did not occur in Dayton's shooting galleries after 1989. Shooting galleries differ significantly across geographic space, thereby suggesting that quantitative studies based o.
Adolescents' and Young Adults' Evaluations of Helping and Sacrificing for Others

Ninety adolescents and young adults (evenly divided by gender) were interviewed regarding their evaluations of helping and making a sacrifice to help in both distant and close relationships. Adolescents and young adults judged that it is important to help, satisfying to help, and wrong not to help, particularly when the recipients are in close relationships. With increasing age, helping behavior was viewed less as an obligation and more as a matter of personal choice with distant relationships. Female participants judged it more important to help, overall, than did male participants, but there were no gender differences for how satisfying it would be to help or whether it would be wrong not to help. Helping others and making sacrifices of personal goals to help others are valued in adolescence.
NADPH Oxidase Plays a Central Role in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Experimental Stroke

Background and Purpose— Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and NADPH oxidases are important sources of ROS. We hypothesized that NADPH oxidases mediate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and contribute to tissue damage in ischemia/reperfusion. Methods— Ischemia was induced by filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in mice for 2 hours followed by reperfusion. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue extravasation. Monolayer permeability was determined from transendothelial electrical resistance of cultured porcine brain capillary endothelial cells. Results— BBB permeability was increased in the ischemic hemisphere 1 hour after reperfusion. In NADPH oxidase–knockout (gp91phox−/−) mice, middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced BBB disruption and lesion volume were largely attenuated compared with those in wild-type mice. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin prevented BBB damage. In porcine brain capillary endothelial cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation induced translocation of the NADPH oxidase activator Rac-1 to the membrane. In vivo inhibition of Rac-1 by the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin or Clostridium difficile lethal toxin B also prevented the ischemia/reperfusion–induced BBB disruption. Stimulation of porcine brain capillary endothelial cells with H2O2 increased permeability, an effect attenuated by inhibition of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not blockade of extracellular signal–regulated kinase-1/2 or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Inhibition of Rho kinase completely prevented the ROS-induced increase in permeability and the ROS-induced polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions— Activation of Rac and subsequently of the gp91phox containing NADPH oxidase promotes cerebral ROS formation, which then leads to Rho kinase–mediated endothelial cell contraction and disruption of the BBB. Inhibition of NAPDH oxidase is a promising approach to reduce brain injury after stroke.
The Effect of Hypermobility on the Incidence of Injuries in Elite-Level Professional Soccer Players

Background: A recent meta-analysis found that generalized joint hypermobility is a risk factor for knee injuries during contact sports. The effect of hypermobility on the incidence of injuries in elite-level professional soccer players is not known. Purpose: To compare the incidence of injury between hypermobile and nonhypermobile elite-level male professional soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Fifty-four players from an English Premier League soccer club were assessed for hypermobility, using the 9-point Beighton scale (threshold, 4 points or above), at the start of the 2009-2010 season. Time-loss injuries and individual exposure times were recorded during all club training sessions and matches throughout the entire season. Results: Mean ± standard deviation incidence of injuries was 11.52 ± 11.39 injuries/1000 h, and the prevalence of hypermobility was 33.3% (18 of 54 players). There were 133 injuries during 13 897.5 hours of exposure. During the season, hypermobile participants had a higher incidence of injuries (mean [95% confidence interval] difference, 15.65 [9.18-22.13] injuries/1000 h; P = .001) and were more likely to experience at least 1 injury, a reinjury, and a severe injury compared with nonhypermobile participants. There were 9 severe knee injuries in hypermobile participants, of which 6 were cartilage injuries. Conclusion: There was an increased incidence of injury in hypermobile elite-level professional soccer players from an English Premier League club, resulting in more missed days from training and match play. These findings suggest a need for routine screening for hypermobility in professional soccer.
Substance Use Motives Related to Social Reinforcement among People with a History of Incarceration

• Summary: Motivational factors have been viewed as central to both the initiation and perpetuation of substance abuse. Until now, the relationship of substance use motives to previous life experiences has yet to be fully explored. This mixed methods study investigated the association between social reinforcement-type substance use motives and stressful events, as well as patterns and consequences of use among 68 men and women with a history of incarceration. • Findings: Themes coded from the respondents’ narratives yielded three principal motivational categories: social reinforcement, coping, and enhancement. Discriminant analyses revealed that social reinforcement motives were associated with drinking in greater quantities, alcohol and drug dependence, parental divorce or separation, and greater perceived stress at fathers’ and siblings’ deaths. • Applications : Social work practice implications are discussed including conducting a comprehensive motivational assessment at the inception of substance abuse treatment along with interventions focused on enhancing social support, increasing the capacity for attachment, and the utilization of role models.