Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical bonding in copper-based transparent conducting oxides: CuMO2 (M = In, Ga, Sc)

The geometry and electronic structure of copper-based p-type delafossite transparent conducting oxides, CuMO2 (M = In, Ga, Sc), are studied using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (GGA + U). The bonding and valence band compositions of these materials are investigated, and the origins of changes in the valence band features between group 3 and group 13 cations are discussed. Analysis of the effective masses at the valence and conduction band edge explains the experimentally reported conductivity trends.
Price elasticities in the electric power industry

The demand for electricity by residential, commercial, and large commercial customers is analyzed, with annual data disaggregated to the service areas of 67 individual electric utilities. Empirical results from this sample are provided for ten separate geographic regions of the United States. A variety of questions about model specification, the determinants of demand, customer behavior, and market scale effects are studied. The findings are interpreted both intuitively and in the context of the economic literature; they are specifically intended to be useful to efforts at formulating regional energy policy. Particular attention should be given to the evidence that energy-outlook studies relying on state data may be significantly less reliable than those employing data for the service areas of utilities. 45 references.
Climate change and mental health following flood disasters in developing countries: a review of the epidemiological literature: what do we know, what is being recommended?

Among the expected consequences of climate change are extreme weather events, increased sea levels and the melting of glaciers all of which can lead to an increase in the number of flooding disasters which will impose greater burdens on vulnerable populations. This article reviews the epidemiological literature concerning climate related flooding and mental health in developing countries. It also examines what is being recommended. All studies show that there are serious mental health problems following flooding events and this gives us good grounds to mainstream mental health issues in
A Unified Model for the Survey Response Process Estimating the Stability and Crystallization of Public Opinion Data Analyzed in This Paper Comes from the Russian

In the past, survey researchers assumed that the respondents held opinions which could be obtained by asking the proper questions. This idea-the " file drawing model " for survey response-was criticized strongly by Converse in 1964, but also strongly defended by Achen (1975), Erikson (1978, 1979), and Judd et al. (1981). Zaller (1992) introduced the idea that people create their response on the spot when they are asked a question on the basis of the most salient considerations. The saliency of the different considerations can vary with the context in which the question is asked and the formulation of the question itself. This approach has gained a lot of attention in the last 20 years (Tourangeau et al., 2000; Tourangeau and Rasinski, 1988; Wilson and Hodges, 1991). In this study a model has been developed that unifies these ideas into one model (van der Veld and Saris, 2004). For this purpose a theory is needed that describes how a question leads to a response. This theory should account for the fact that the response could be different from the opinion, due to the (bad) quality of the measurement procedure. Furthermore, the model should allow that an opinion is made up of pre-existing or stable considerations and temporary or unique considerations. A structural equations model that follows from the mathematical description of the survey response for an individual has been developed. With this structural equations model it is possible to decompose the variance of responses into three different components that also can be linked to commonly used concepts in survey research. The variance of the responses will be decomposed in variance due to pre-existing considerations, temporary considerations, and measurement error. These three variance components can be linked to opinion stability, opinion crystallization, and measurement quality respectively. professor at the ESADE business school of Ramon Llull University in Barcelona.
The Application of CFD to Rotary Wing Flow Problems

Rotorcraft aerodynamics is especially rich in unsolved problems, and for this reason the need for independent computational and experimental studies is great. Three-dimensional unsteady, nonlinear potential methods are becoming fast enough to enable their use in parametric design studies. At present, combined CAMRAD/FPR analyses for a complete trimmed rotor soltution can be performed in about an hour on a CRAY Y-MP (or ten minutes, with multiple processors). These computational speeds indicate that in the near future many of the large CFD problems will no longer require a supercomputer. The ability to convect circulation is routine for integral methods, but only recently was it discovered how to do the same with differential methods. It is clear that the differential CFD rotor analyses are poised to enter the engineering workplace. Integral methods already constitute a mainstay. Ultimately, it is the users who will integrate CFD into the entire engineering process and provide a new measure of confidence in design and analysis. It should be recognized that the above classes of analyses do not include several major limiting phenomena which will continue to require empirical treatment because of computational time constraints and limited physical understanding. Such empirical treatment should be included, however, into the developing CFD, engineering level analyses. It is likely that properly constructed flow models containing corrections from physical testing will be able to fill in unavoidable gaps in the experimental data base, both for basic studies and for specific configuration testing. For these kinds of applications, computational cost is not an issue. Finally, it should be recognized that although rotorcraft are probably the most complex of aircraft, the rotorcraft engineering community is very small compared to the fixed-wing community. Likewise, rotorcraft CFD resources can never achieve fixed-wing proportions and must be used wisely. Therefore the fixed-wing work must be gleaned for many of the basic methods.
Relationships Between Positive Parenting, Overparenting, Grit, and Academic Success

Abstract:Grit is a trait that describes the drive to succeed above and beyond natural intelligence. While grit has been associated with positive academic outcomes, few researchers have investigated the predictors of grit, such as parenting. We examined the influence of parenting on grit and academic success in 226 college students. Results indicated that overparenting and parental acceptance and involvement were significantly related to grit and grit was found to have a significant predictive relationship with academic success. Further, grit mediated the relationship between overparenting and academic success.
Validity of social-cognitive measures for physical activity in middle-school girls.

OBJECTIVE The factorial validity and measurement equivalence/invariance of scales used to measure social-cognitive correlates of physical activity among adolescent girls were examined. METHODS Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to questionnaire responses obtained from a multi-ethnic sample (N = 4885) of middle-school girls from six regions of the United States. A cohort of 1893 girls completed the scales in both sixth and eighth grades, allowing longitudinal analysis. RESULTS Theoretically and statistically sound models were developed for each scale, supporting the factorial validity of the scales in all groups. Multi-group and longitudinal invariance was confirmed across race/ethnicity groups, age within grade, BMI categories, and the 2-year period between grades. CONCLUSIONS The scores from the scales provide valid assessments of social-cognitive variables that are putative mediators or moderators of change in physical activity. The revised scales can be used in observational studies of change or interventions designed to increase physical activity among girls during early adolescence.
Deficits in acetylcholine homeostasis, receptors and behaviors in choline transporter heterozygous mice

Cholinergic neurons elaborate a hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3) sensitive choline transporter (CHT) that mediates presynaptic, high‐affinity choline uptake (HACU) in support of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release. Homozygous deletion of CHT (−/−) is lethal shortly after birth ( Ferguson et al. 2004), consistent with CHT as an essential component of cholinergic signaling, but precluding functional analyses of CHT contributions in adult animals. In contrast, CHT+/− mice are viable, fertile and display normal levels of synaptosomal HACU, yet demonstrate reduced CHT protein and increased sensitivity to HC‐3, suggestive of underlying cholinergic hypofunction. We find that CHT+/− mice are equivalent to CHT+/+ siblings on measures of motor co‐ordination (rotarod), general activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze, light/dark paradigms) and spatial learning and memory (Morris water maze). However, CHT+/− mice display impaired performance as a result of physical challenge in the treadmill paradigm, as well as reduced sensitivity to challenge with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine in the open field paradigm. These behavioral alterations are accompanied by significantly reduced brain ACh levels, elevated choline levels and brain region‐specific decreased expression of M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Our studies suggest that CHT hemizygosity results in adequate baseline ACh stores, sufficient to sustain many phenotypes, but normal sensitivities to physical and/or pharmacological challenge require full cholinergic signaling capacity.
Effect of two Different Concentrations of Propofol and Ketamine Combinations (Ketofol) in Pediatric Patients under Lumbar Puncture or Bone Marrow Aspiration

Background Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that is importantly analgesic without respiratory depression. Ketamine increases blood pressure and heart rate. Propofol is an anesthetic drug with good sedation, rapid recovery, but it causes respiratory depression, low heart rate and low blood pressure. Combination of Ketamine and Propofol provides sedation, analgesia and rapid recovery with hemodynamic stability and minimal respiratory depression. The aim of this study was to compare two different combinations of these two drugs to reach necessary sedation scale for the Lp or BMA in pediatric with ALL. Materials and Methods This randomized, double blinded study was designed to compare the quality of sedation and side effects of intravenous Ketofol on 60 patients of both gender. Patients received titrated injection of a solution containing combination of one part of Ketamine and two parts of Propofol (1:2) (group I) or one part of Ketamine and three parts of Propofol (1:3) (group II) to reach almost near 5 sedation level (using Ramsay Sedation Scale). Respiratory and hemodynamic profiles, amount of drug injected and side effects were recorded. Results These drug combinations were used on 60 children with a median age of 6.2 years. In this study, recovery time and hallucination was significantly high in group I, but in both groups hemodynamic were stable, amnesia was enough, and there was no respiratory depression. Conclusion Lower doses of Ketamine in these combinations have lower psycho mimetic side effects, and shorter recovery time.
Nine-Year Stability of Type D Personality: Contributions of Genes and Environment

Objective: To assess longitudinal changes in genetic and environmental influences on Type D personality and its subcomponents negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) over a 9-year period. Most personality constructs have good retest reliability over long periods, with stability attributed to genes, and changes to environmental factors. Type D personality is stable across an 18-month period and is influenced by genetic factors. However, there is no knowledge on long-term stability, and the contributions of genes and environment to that stability. Methods: Type D personality was determined from survey data collected in 1991 (n = 3235; mean age = 17.3 years), 1997 (n = 3133; mean age = 25.3 years), and 2000 (n = 4456; mean age = 29.6 years) in a population sample of healthy twins. Multivariate structural equation modeling was employed. Results: Type D heritability ranged from 50% in 1997 to 34% in 2000, with the same genetic factor affecting Type D at all time points. Heritability of SI ranged from 49% (1991) to 42% (2000), with the same genetic factor influencing SI at all times. Heritability estimates for NA ranged from 45% (1991) to 40% (2000), with one genetic factor influencing NA at all times, and one genetic factor influencing NA at the second and third occasions. Different environmental factors acted on Type D, NA, and SI at each of the three measurement occasions. Conclusion: Type D personality and both subcomponents are stable over time, which is largely due to genetic factors. Different unique environmental factors influence the Type D components at different occasions. A = additive genetic variance; C = common or shared environmental variance; D = dominance genetic variance; DZ = dizygotic; E = unique or nonshared environmental variance; GWAS = genome-wide association study; MZ = monozygotic; NA = negative affectivity; SI = social inhibition; SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism.
Hypergastrinemia and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia.

The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, the most frequent endocrine cells of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, are under the trophic stimulus of gastrin. These cells undergo a hyperplastic increase in variety of hypergastrinemic diseases. The most widely accepted nomenclature for the description of hyperplastic proliferation has been retrospectively arranged in a sequence presumed to reflect a temporal evolution of the proliferative process. A comparative, prospective study aimed to verify, in human hypergastrinemic diseases such as atrophic body gastritis (ABG), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) and antral gastrin cell hyperfunction (AGCH), the effect of exposure of ECL cells to different pattern of gastrin hypersecretion, is lacking. To this purpose, we studied a series of consecutive patients with ABG, ZES and AGCH at the time of first diagnosis. Material and Methods: The patients included in this study (124 ABG, 18 ZES and 10 AGCH) were selected on the basis of two previously performed screening studies aimed to diagnose these diseases. All patients at the time of diagnosis underwent gastroscopy, with multiple biopsies of the gastric body mucosa for the evaluation of qualitative pattern of ECL cells hyperplasia, and basal fasting gastrin determination. A sample of hypergastrinemic patients from each group was further investigated by meal-stimulation of gastrin secretion and quantitative morphometry for CgA positive gastric body endocrine cells. Results: AGCH patients showed only the normal or simple hyperplasia pattern. In the ZES group, simple and linear grades accounted for 38.4 percent and 46.1 percent, respectively. MEN-I patients showed only these two patterns. The majority of ABG patients showed the presence of micronodular pattern (59.7 percent). A correlation analysis between fasting gastrin levels and grade of hyperplasia (r = 0.5580, p < 0.0001), indicates that the greater the gastrin levels, the higher is the degree of severity of ECL hyperplasia pattern. In conclusion, our data support the role of gastrin as the selective contributor to the progression of ECL cell hyperplasia in humans.
Evaluation of Temperament and Character Features as Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome

Background and Purpose Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder that is frequently associated with psychological disturbances. Personality traits are of considerable importance with respect to coping with chronic illness and disease vulnerability. This study assessed the temperament and character traits of RLS patients using an approach that involves the psychobiological model of personality. Methods The personality features of 65 newly diagnosed and untreated RLS patients with no neurological or psychiatric diseases and 109 healthy controls were determined using the Temperament and Character Inventory and compared using covariance analyses. The International RLS Study Group Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the RLS symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Results RLS patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the temperament dimension of harm avoidance (HA, p=0.02) and significantly lower on self-directedness (SD, p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of the temperament dimension of novelty seeking (p=0.435). HA scores were significantly correlated with the BDI score but not with the RLS severity or duration. Conclusions High HA and low SD scores are the main characterizing personality features of RLS patients. These personality dimensions may be among the factors predisposing patients to development of the depressive symptoms that are frequently associated with RLS.
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and dimensional measurements by using CBCT in mandibular first molars

Background This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and quantitatively evaluate the morphology of mandibular first molars using CBCT. Material and Methods Twenty-four double-rooted mandibular first molars were evaluated by NewTom VGi CBCT. The distance from the furcation and apex to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), diameter and thickness of canal walls, the buccolingual (BL) to mesiodistal (MD) ratio (ΔD), prevalence of oval canals at different sections and taper of the canals were all determined. In order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT, distance from the furcation and apex to the CEJ and thickness of canal walls at the CEJ and apex were compared with the gold standard values (caliper and stereomicroscope). Statistical analyses were carried out using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results A high correlation existed between the CBCT and gold standard measurements (P<0.001). In dimensional measurements, length of mesial root was higher than the distal root and lingual furcation was farther from the CEJ than the buccal furcation (P<0.001). An important finding of this study was the mesiodistal taper of the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals; which was equal to 0.02. Conclusions CBCT has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for measurement of canal wall thickness. Cleaning and shaping of the canals should be performed based on the unique anatomy of the respective canal; which necessitates the use of advanced imaging techniques for thorough assessment of root canal anatomy in a clinical setting. Key words:Permanent mandibular first molar, accuracy, cone-beam computed tomography, dimensional measurement.
Bayesian clustering of huge friendship networks

Because of the recent growth in popularity of social websites, such as MySpace, Facebook and Last.fm, there is an increasing interest in ways to analyze extremely large friendship networks with even millions of nodes. These huge networks provide a practical test ground for new network algorithms. The network analysis methods can also be applied to other networks than social networks, such as interactions between proteins and links between web pages. Social networks have typically structure: there are dense groups of nodes and some nodes have disproportionately many connections. The structure emerges, because friendships are not formed randomly. Instead, people tend to become friends with those who are similar to themselves. This can be called homophily. There are also other factors that guide the formation of friendships, such as geographical location and membership in common activities. The M0 algorithm finds clustering structure in networks with homophily by Bayesian statistical inference. The algorithm is based on a generative model for creating the edges of a network based on latent components. The model parameters are inferred using Gibbs sampling. Because of homophily, the nodes that belong to the same cluster are likely to have similar traits. In this master's thesis, an effective implementation of the M0 algorithm is introduced, which uses a balanced binary tree for storing the component probabilities. The implementation can be used on networks with even millions of nodes. The algorithm is tested on a range of well studied small networks and on a friendship network with over 600 000 users crawled from the Last.fm service. The algorithm finds meaningful structures in networks of various scales and the results are comparable to those obtained with hierarchical clustering methods. The strength of the method is the fuzzy assignment of nodes to clusters, where a node can belong to a number of clusters simultaneously. However, the choice of model hyperparameters is often inconvenient.
Does Personality Influence Pre-service English Teachers' Performance?: A Gender-Based Study in the Yemeni Context

This study mainly investigated whether there is any correlation between the Big Five Personality Traits of pre-service teachers and their performance in Practicums I&II, and attempted to identify the extent to which the personality traits affect pre-service teachers' performance. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a sample of 110 fourth-year student-teachers; 86 females & 24 male, of the English Department, in the Faculty of Education at Hodeidah University, was selected‎. ‎They enrolled in the four-year B.Ed. course. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) originally developed by John & Srivastava (1999) with little modification was distributed among the selected subjects. This inventory comprised of forty-four statements about the big five personality traits that are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness. Collected data was analyzed by using simple descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as mean, Pearson correlation, t-test and f-test. It was found that there is a relationship between the pre-service teachers' performance in Practicums I&II and their personality traits so pre-service teachers' personality DO influence their performance of teaching English. Also, pre-service teachers' personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness are nearly same, so no significant difference found among male and females on these three traits. However, significant difference exists among the females and males on the trait of Neuroticism as female student-teacher score higher than males on this trait. Moreover, both male and female pre-service teachers ‎have quite good level of Extraversion and Agreeableness, and similar reasonable level of Conscientiousness ‎and Neuroticism but their level of Openness is a very low. It is recommended that Teacher Personality Development should be a part of teacher education programs and suggest some strategies for development of pre-service teachers’ personality.