Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault detection and isolation in wind turbines using support vector machines and observers

In this work, the benchmark FAST that simulates a closed-loop three-bladed wind turbine is used for fault detection and isolation. Two methods were employed to isolate faults of different types at different locations: Support vector machines (SVM) and a Kalman-like observer. SVM could isolate most faults with the used data and characteristic vectors, except for high varying dynamics. In this case, the use of an observer, which is model-based, was found necessary.
The Impact of Primary Education on School-to-Work Transitions for young People in Rural Bolivia

As in many parts of the majority world, primary education in rural Bolivia is constrained by a range of factors: poor teaching quality, lack of resources, limited infrastructure, inadequate teaching materials, and low wages for teachers. Furthermore, high rates of absenteeism, drop-out, repetition, and failure can be exacerbated by children’s work responsibilities and harsh weather conditions. This article draws on a case study of a rural community in Bolivia to indicate the ways in which the structural constraints of primary education impact upon young people’s school-to-work transitions. Although many children enjoy their experience at school and appreciate the opportunity to gain literacy and numeracy skills, formal education is unlikely to increase their future livelihood options.
Passive Voice and Rhetorical Role in Scientific Writing

As analysts of scientific writing begin to modify their stance against the passive voice and explore the complexities of its use, more research is needed on the rhetorical functions it serves in scientific writing. An analysis of twelve articles reporting experimental studies in speech-language pathology revealed consistently higher percentages of passive structures in the Method and Results sections, with relatively lower percentages in the Introduction and Discussion sections. These findings suggest that passive structures are more appropriate for expository purposes, in those sections where the author's rhetorical role is to describe procedures and present data. In contrast, active structures are more appropriate for argumentative purposes, in those sections where the author is criticizing previous research or advocating a new thesis.
Graph similarity search with edit distance constraint in large graph databases

Due to many real applications of graph databases, it has become increasingly important to retrieve graphs g (in graph database D) that approximately match with query graph q, rather than exact subgraph matches. In this paper, we study the problem of graph similarity search, which retrieves graphs that are similar to a given query graph under the constraint of the minimum edit distance. Specifically, we derive a lower bound, branch-based bound, which can greatly reduce the search space of the graph similarity search. We also propose a tree index structure, namely b-tree, to facilitate effective pruning and efficient query processing. Extensive experiments confirm that our proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches by orders of magnitude, in terms of both pruning power and query response time.
Social class, gender and secondary education in Scotland in the 1950s

Newly accessible data from the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 are used to investigate the legacy in the 1950s of reforms to Scottish secondary schooling in the first four decades of the 20th century. These reforms had sought to extend opportunity for post‐primary education beyond the children of the professional middle class who had formed the largest part of the clientele of older secondary schools. The reforms also provided unprecedented opportunities to girls. The findings of the analysis are that the widening of opportunity was maintained in the stable, selective system of the 1950s. A broadly homogeneous system of academic secondary education had been created for about 45% of the age group, by means of selection at age 12. Social class continued to influence pupils’ progress in this secondary sector, but not to any different extent in the older or the newer schools. Progress in secondary school was not related to gender except in science.
Sexual Harassment: A Research Analysis and Agenda for the 1990s

Abstract Although documented since long before the Industrial Revolution, the sexual harassment of women in the workplace has only recently been the focus of sustained research in vocational behavior. Over the last decade-and particularly the past year-interest in this topic has accelerated dramatically, yielding a body of research that casts considerable light on what is known and what is yet to be learned concerning this pernicious barrier to women′s career development. The present paper presents an overview of this research with an eye toward identifying methodological problems and substantive lacunae; we begin by reviewing the two major themes in the research to date: prevalence figures and perceptions and attributions. We then examine two emerging areas of interest (victim responses and organizational factors) as well as identify several critical topics that are notable by their absence. Following an overview of the explanatory models that have been proposed to account for sexual harassment, we conclude with a brief discussion of the importance of multilevel analysis and interdisciplinary research for understanding and alleviating this important social problem.
Explaining Spatial Variation in Support for Capital Punishment: A Multilevel Analysis1

This research examines the effects of social context on support for the death penalty using individual‐level data from the 1974–98 General Social Survey (GSS), which have been linked with aggregate‐level data on homicide rates and sociodemographic, political, and economic characteristics. Consistent with instrumental, social threat, and constructionist perspectives, this study finds that residents of areas with higher homicide rates, a larger proportion of blacks, and a more conservative political climate are significantly more likely to support the death penalty, net of compositional differences. These results warrant further attention to contextual and individual sources of public support for the death penalty.
Evolution of aging through reduced demographic stochasticity – an extension of the pleiotropy theory to finite populations

In finite populations, there is selection against demographic stochasticity. In this study, it is shown that an increase in the rate of aging, here defined as an increase in early-life survival at the expense of later survival, may reduce this form of stochasticity. In particular, a trade-off between juvenile and adult survival is highly efficient in reducing demographic stochasticity. Therefore, aging may evolve as a response to selective pressure for reduced demographic stochasticity.
Differential effects of sertraline in a predator exposure animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder

Serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and other neurotransmitters are modulated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) are elevated during the progression of the disorder. Currently, the only approved pharmacologic treatments for PTSD are the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) sertraline and paroxetine, but their efficacy in treating PTSD is marginal at best. In combat-related PTSD, SSRIs are of limited effectiveness. Thus, this study sought to analyze the effects of the SSRI sertraline on inflammation and neurotransmitter modulation via a predator exposure/psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD. We hypothesized that sertraline would diminish inflammatory components and increase 5-HT but might also affect levels of other neurotransmitters, particularly NE. PTSD-like effects were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group × 4 groups). The rats were secured in Plexiglas cylinders and placed in a cage with a cat for 1 h on days 1 and 11 of a 31-day stress regimen. PTSD rats were also subjected to psychosocial stress via daily cage cohort changes. At the conclusion of the stress regimen, treatment group animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sertraline HCl at 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, while controls received i.p. vehicle. The animals were subsequently sacrificed on day 8. Sertraline attenuated inflammatory markers and normalized 5-HT levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, sertraline produced elevations in NE in the CNS and systemic circulation of SSRI treated PTSD and control groups. This increase in NE suggests SSRIs produce a heightened noradrenergic response, which might elevate anxiety in a clinical setting.
The Big Five and identification–contrast processes in social comparison in adjustment to cancer treatment

The present study examined the relationship between social comparison processes and the Big Five personality factors. In a sample of 112 patients with various forms of cancer it was found that Neuroticism was associated with a tendency to focus on the negative interpretation of social comparison information that expressed itself in identification with fellow patients who were doing worse. This identification process also seemed to mediate the (negative) relationship between Neuroticism and post‐treatment feelings of mastery and uncertainty. No relationship was found between Neuroticism and the tendency to contrast one's situation against the situation of others who are doing better. Unexpectedly, Extraversion was most strongly related to a tendency to contrast one's situation against the situation of fellow patients who are doing better. Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Intellect/Autonomy were unrelated to social comparison. The therapeutical implications of the findings for cancer patients are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining process constructs of narrative career counselling: an exploratory case study

The present article examines how the five process constructs of reflection, connectedness, meaning making, learning and agency are operationalised in a constructivist approach to career counselling, specifically a storytelling approach. This article reports on an exploratory case study of a Black South African female university student. The case study provides examples of how a career counsellor enacts these constructs and facilitates their development in a client, as well as examples of how they are evident in client dialogue and action. Insight into the process of a storytelling approach to narrative career counselling is demonstrated, from which tentative suggestions are made about how to facilitate the process constructs of reflection, connectedness, meaning making, learning and agency.
The role of silver and vanadium release in the toxicity of silver vanadate nanowires toward Daphnia similis

Nanomaterials are used in a wide spectrum of applications, including nanowires that are objects with at least one of its dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Recently, a new type of silver vanadate nanowire decorated with silver nanoparticles (SVSN‐LQES1) with promising antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria was described. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of silver and vanadium release in the acute toxicity of this material using Daphnia similis. To verify the effect of the presence of the nanowires in the test solution, tests were performed before and after filtration. Total silver release to the testing media was determined using the method of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Silver vanadate nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles (SVSN‐LQES1) are acutely toxic to D. similis. The release of silver from the nanomaterial trapped in the gut along with the silver released to the test media seems to be responsible for the observed toxicity. Although toxic to Daphnia, vanadium does not contribute to the toxicity of SVSN‐LQES1. The observed increase in lipid droplets appears to be related to the exposure of the organisms to the nanomaterials, but the significance of this response needs further investigation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:908–912. © 2013 SETAC
The time course of predictive inferences depends on contextual constraints

The role of context constraints on the time course of predictive inferences during reading was investigated. Constraints (low vs. medium vs. high) were determined by manipulations of a context sentence that affected the extent to which an event was predictable. The time course was assessed by variations in the delay (50 vs. 550 vs. 1050 ms) between the context to be read and a target word to be named. This word represented either the predicted event (inferential target) or an unlikely event (non-predictable target). With a 1050-ms delay, there was facilitation in naming the inferential target word following the predicting context, relative to a control context, regardless of the degree of constraints. With a 550-ms delay, facilitation did not occur unless there were high constraints, even if the context presentation rate was slowed down. With a 50-ms delay, facilitation was not observed even under high constraints. It is concluded that enhanced context constraints speed the time course of predictive inferencing to some extent: under enhanced constraints, predictive inferences are made earlier, but do not become automatic.
Economic Evaluation: The Effect of Money and Economics on Attitudes About Volunteering

Recent research shows that hourly payment affects decisions about time use in ways that disfavor uncompensated activities such as volunteering. This paper extends that argument by showing that the activation of money and economics as aspects of a person's self-concept is one mechanism possibly producing these results. Study 1 showed that employed adults explicitly primed to think about their own time in terms of money were less willing to volunteer compared to those primed to think about another person's time in terms of money, illustrating the importance of the self-concept in the economic evaluation of time. Mediation analyses showed that participants' view of themselves as economic evaluators fully accounted for both the effect of the manipulation and variation in prior experience with hourly payment on willingness to volunteer. Study 2 showed the undergraduates supraliminally primed with either money or economic concepts were less willing to volunteer their time. The findings suggest that economic evaluation is one causal mechanism affecting attitudes about time use.
A Pilot Examination of Outcomes From an Adolescent Residential Treatment Facility Health and Wellness Intervention on Body Mass Index

Specific Aims and Methodological Design: Using a pre–posttest design, the objective of this exploratory pilot study is to test the outcomes of a comprehensive wellness group intervention in reducing obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) for adolescents living in a residential treatment facility (RTF). The second major objective of this study is to test possible interactions of demographic and diagnostic characteristics on the outcome BMI percentage. The first hypothesis is that the wellness group intervention will significantly improve participants’ BMI from unhealthy to healthy ranges. To analyze the first hypothesis, the overweight and obese BMI ranges will be combined to create the unhealthy category. Secondly, it is hypothesized that the intervention will significantly improve individuals’ BMI ranges from obese to overweight, and from overweight to healthy weight when comparing pre- to posttests. Lastly, it is hypothesized that post-BMI percentage will be predicted by pre-BMI categories (obese, overweight, and healthy). Sample: The participants were sampled from an existing RTF and consisted of 28 adolescents, both male with serious and chronic emotional disorders. Demographic information was unavailable for two of the 28 participants in this study. Data Collection and Measures: Participants’ BMI (N = 28) was measured at pre- and post-testing by the staff members at the RTF as well as demographic and diagnostic data including gender, ethnicity, age, and mental and physical health diagnosis (N = 26). Data Analysis and Results: Demographic and diagnostic data was analyzed using descriptive frequencies. Data on pre–post BMI measures was analyzed using McNemar chi-square analyses. All of the hypotheses were supported. Results indicate that participants significantly improved their BMI scores from pre- to posttesting—specifically the number of youth in unhealthy ranges significantly improved to healthy ranges; and, the number of youth who moved from obese to overweight, and overweight to healthy improved. Lastly, results indicate that pre-BMI categories were significantly predictive of post-BMI percentage. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study have implications for practice, policy, and research in all areas of child and adolescent wellness, including social work, psychology, health, medical, and education, to name a few. Results indicate that providing a comprehensive health and wellness intervention that integrates all aspects of well-being, is perhaps a worthwhile intervention to improving the health of youth in residential treatment facilities. Limitations include a small sample size and limited methodological rigor due to design (pre–posttest single group design with no control). An additional limitation is the lack of data on psychotropic medication use for the sample. While the current research is a pilot exploratory study, it provides valuable information for future research with larger sample sizes and the use of control groups.
Depressed Mood and Subjective Health Symptoms as Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: A Two-Years Follow-up Study

Objective: The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the relationship between depressed mood (depression, emotional distress) and disease-specific subjective health symptoms upon mortality risk among patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results: Proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effects of selected biomedical, subjective health and psychological variables on mortality among 119 clinically stable patients (71.4% men; mean age 65.7 years +/− 9.6) with symptomatic heart failure, recruited from an outpatient cardiology practice. Twenty deaths were registered during the twenty-four-month period of data collection, all from cardiac causes. Results indicated that depressed mood was a significant predictor of mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.9, p . 002. In contrast, subjective health was not a significant predictor of mortality in a Cox regression model that included depressed mood. The hazard ratio for a 1-point increase in Zung Depression Scale score was equal to 1.08 based on the multivariate model. Conclusions: Results indicate that depressed mood is significantly related to increased mortality risk among heart failure patients. This finding is of concern to clinicians and should have implications for treatment of patients with congestive heart failure.
Immunological Changes in Mesothelioma Patients and Their Experimental Detection

It is common knowledge that asbestos exposure causes asbestos-related diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma (MM) not only in people who have handled asbestos in the work environment, but also in residents living near factories that handle asbestos. These facts have been an enormous medical and social problem in Japan since the summer of 2005. We focused on the immunological effects of asbestos and silica on the human immune system. In this brief review, we present immunological changes in patients with MM and outline their experimental detection. For example, there is over-expression of bcl-2 in CD4+ peripheral T-cells, high plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and multiple over-representation of T cell receptor (TcR)-VB in peripheral CD3+ T-cells found in MM patients. We also detail an experimental long-term exposure T-cell model. Analysis of the immunological effects of asbestos may help our understanding of the biological effects of asbestos.
Determinants of e-government services adoption in Pakistan: an integrated model

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that can explain the determinants of e-government in Pakistan. This paper develops an integrated model by using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and initial trust and outlines the factors corroborating the adoption of e-government services in Pakistan. Two paths multiple regressions were used on a sample of 400 university students. The analysis shows that performance expectancy, social influence and initial trust positively influence the behaviour intention to use e-government services. Trust of the internet and trust of the government are found to significantly predict initial trust on e-government services. The integrative model is of value for e-government decision makers to induce citizens to adopt e-services of government in developing countries like Pakistan. To date, this is the first research that has been conducted to analyse factors which determine the adoption of e-government in Pakistan.
Mobilising ‘The Diaspora’: Somali Transnational Political Engagement

Recently, the development initiatives of so-called ‘diasporas’ have gained the attention of policy-makers, scholars, NGOs, and migrants themselves. Migrants and ‘diasporas’ are seen as agents of development, who not only remit money to their countries of origin, but also transfer ideas of political, social, and cultural change. This article examines linkages between identity, transnational politics and development. Logics of transnational mobilisation and loyalties are analysed through a case study of a Somali transnational conference, paying particular attention to tensions between lineage affiliation and regional identification. At the conference, the establishment of trust between different transnational actors was seen as an important step towards reconciliation and development. Framing the event as ‘a meeting between intellectuals’ and as ‘the diaspora’, conference participants were positioned as agents of development and change. The article argues that ‘diaspora position’ is thereby linked to questions of identity, the recognition of status, and the enactment of proper and respectable masculinity.
Parent Perspectives on Their Mobile Technology Use: The Excitement and Exhaustion of Parenting While Connected

Objective: Parent use of mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets) while around their young children may be associated with fewer or more negative parent-child interactions, but parent perspectives regarding this issue have not been explored. We aimed to understand parent views regarding their mobile device use to identify actionable targets of potential intervention. Method: We conducted 35 in-depth semi-structured group and individual interviews with English-speaking caregivers of children 0 to 8 years old, purposively sampled from diverse ethnic backgrounds, educational levels, and employment statuses. Following thematic saturation, results were validated through expert triangulation and member checking. Results: Participants included 22 mothers, 9 fathers, and 4 grandmothers; 31% were single parents, 43% nonwhite race/ethnicity, and 40% completed high school or less. Participants consistently expressed a high degree of internal tension regarding their own mobile technology use, which centered around 3 themes relevant to intervention planning: (1) Cognitive tensions (multitasking between work and children, leading to information/role overload), (2) emotional tensions (stress-inducing and reducing effects), and (3) tensions around the parent-child dyad (disrupting family routines vs serving as a tool to keep the peace). Conclusion: Caregivers of young children describe many internal conflicts regarding their use of mobile technology, which may be windows for intervention. Helping caregivers understand such emotional and cognitive responses may help them balance family time with technology-based demands.