Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shifts in expectations: Evaluating physicians' perceptions as pharmacists become integrated into family practice

The objective of this study was to measure how primary care family physicians perceived their own and pharmacists' contributions to medication processes as pharmacists become integrated into primary care group family practices. The 22- item Family Medicine Medication Use Processes Matrix was mailed to physicians in seven sites at the 3rd, 12th and 19th month of pharmacist integration. Paired sample t-tests for the third month results were conducted to compare perceptions between pharmacist and physician contributions. One way repeated measure ANOVA test was conducted to determine significant changes over time. Physicians initially perceived their own contributions to be significantly higher than pharmacists in three subscales: Diagnosis & Prescribing, Monitoring and Administration/Documentation and their own contributions to be significantly lower than the pharmacists in the Education subscale. Over time, physicians perceived increases in the pharmacists' contribution to the Diagnosis & Prescribing, Monitoring and Medication Review subscales and decreases in their own contribution to the Diagnosis & Prescribing and Education subscales. Changes in family physicians' perceptions of pharmacists' contribution demonstrate an initial underestimate of pharmacists' role in primary care family practice and a gradual recognition of expertise and competence. This may have led to increased comfort in sharing aspects of contribution to medication use processes.
Threats to religious freedom in Nigeria - analysis of a complex scenario

Nigeria currently grapples with an unprecedented spate of sectarian violence, which continues to take a debilitating toll on the people. Although the country is no stranger to communal violence related to religion, which in the last twelve years has claimed thousands of lives, the present situation is unique in terms of the nature, geographical scope and terrorist dimension of the violent insurrection led by, but not limited to, the militant Islamist sect Boko Haram. The mass exodus of people from the troubled northern areas to the southern region and the mounting clamour by mostly southerners for a Sovereign National Conference, in which the different ethnic and religious groups would come together to reassess the basis of their living together, are indications that the ongoing sectarian violence is a sign of a national tragedy with far-reaching ramifications. The purpose of this article is to show that the present sectarian crisis in Nigeria is a part of an enduring and evolving wave of religious rights violations that continue to thrive unabated. We argue that both structural and direct violence against Christians in northern Nigeria are linked. The article also highlights the responses of the Nigerian Christian community to persecution. In the final analysis, it is important to acknowledge that there are many among Christians and Muslims who share the vision of living in peace with one another. This can be encouraged if the two religions work to discard stereotypes against each other. By doing so, the clamour for greater religious freedom is likely to become a joint project for adherents of both religions and other citizens who embrace the possibility of peaceful coexistence.
High TPMT enzyme activity does not explain drug resistance due to preferential 6‐methylmercaptopurine production in patients on thiopurine treatment

Up to 20% of patients on thiopurine therapy fail to achieve adequate drug response. Many of these patients preferentially produce the toxic 6‐methylmercaptopurine metabolites (6‐MMP) rather than the active 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN) resulting in a high 6‐MMP/6‐TGN ratio (>20) and increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
Employment as an Outcome for Mildly Handicapped Students: Current Status and Future Directions.

Special education serves a group of students who have a wide range of disabilities, from students with the most profound and disabling conditions to those with speech impairments only. By entrance into high school, however, some 70%-80% of all special education students are accounted for in the three categories of learning disabled, mildly mentally retarded, and emotionally disturbed (U.S. Department of Education, 1988). This article focuses on the employment outcomes of this group of students, referred to broadly as mildly disabled.
The impact of false warnings on partial and full lane departure warnings effectiveness and acceptance in car driving

Abstract In the past, lane departure warnings (LDWs) were demonstrated to improve driving behaviours during lane departures but little is known about the effects of unreliable warnings. This experiment focused on the influence of false warnings alone or in combination with missed warnings and warning onset on assistance effectiveness and acceptance. Two assistance unreliability levels (33 and 17%) and two warning onsets (partial and full lane departure) were manipulated in order to investigate interaction. Results showed that assistance, regardless unreliability levels and warning onsets, improved driving behaviours during lane departure episodes and outside of these episodes by favouring better lane-keeping performances. Full lane departure and highly unreliable warnings, however, reduced assistance efficiency. Drivers’ assistance acceptance was better for the most reliable warnings and for the subsequent warnings. The data indicate that imperfect LDWs (false warnings or false and missed warnings) further improve driving behaviours compared to no assistance. Practitioner Summary: This study revealed that imperfect lane departure warnings are able to significantly improve driving performances and that warning onset is a key element for assistance effectiveness and acceptance. The conclusion may be of particular interest for lane departure warning designers.
Longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions and cognitive functioning: a cross-domain latent growth curve analysis

Background Cognitive impairment and depression often co-occur in older adults, but it is not clear whether depression is a risk factor for cognitive decline, a psychological reaction to cognitive decline, or whether changes in depressive symptoms correlate with changes in cognitive performance over time. The co-morbid manifestation of depression and cognitive impairment may reflect either a causal effect or a common cause, depending on the specific symptoms experienced and the cognitive functions affected. Method The study sample comprised 1506 community-dwelling older adults aged ⩾65 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). We conducted cross-domain latent growth curve analyses to examine longitudinal associations between late-life depression dimensions (i.e. depressed affect, positive affect, and somatic symptoms) and specific domains of cognitive functioning (i.e. processing speed, inductive reasoning, immediate recall, and delayed recall). Results Poorer delayed recall performance at baseline predicted a steeper increase in depressed affect over time. Steeper decline in processing speed correlated with a steeper increase in somatic symptoms of depression over time. Conclusions Our findings suggest a prospective association between memory function and depressed affect, whereby older adults may experience an increase in depressed affect in reaction to poor memory function. Somatic symptoms of depression increased concurrently with declining processing speed, which may reflect common neurodegenerative processes. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that depression symptoms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline in the general population. These findings have potential implications for the treatment of late-life depression and for the prognosis of cognitive outcomes.
Performance of Polyaniline Nanofibers (PANI NFs) as PANI NFs-Silver (Ag) Nanocomposites (NCs) for Energy Storage and Antibacterial Applications

The conductive property of polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NFs) has attracted great attention due to their higher capacitance, high flexibility, low cost, and ease of synthesis. Herewith, it is demonstrated that at room temperature, the template-free synthesized PANI NFs show the properties of PANI NFs–silver nanocomposites (Ag NCs) without a silver precursor with a new physical insight into energy storage devices and antibacterial applications. The diffraction peak at 2θ = 19.1° using X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the silver nature. UV–vis absorption peaks at 408 and 369 nm indicate the silver absorption (HCl-doped). The spectroscopic studies by FTIR, Raman, and NMR indicate that the PANI NFs behave in a similar manner to PANI NFs-Ag NCs with 48.47 S cm–1 conductivity and 570 F g–1 capacitance. Morphological studies by FESEM (size: 50 nm) and HRTEM reveal that the growth of PANI NFs is one-dimensional and more preferable. It also shows higher bacterial inhibition at lower values of minimum inhibitory.
Experimental Investigation of MIMO Relay Transmission Based on Wideband Outdoor Measurements at 2.35 GHz

In order to obtain a more accurate assessment of relay performance in real-world outdoor propagation environment and to provide guidelines for the relay-based system deployment in the IMT-Advanced frequency band, the performance of a variety of relay schemes is investigated based on wideband measurements. The measurements were conducted at 2.35 GHz with 50 MHz bandwidth, which is within the frequency bands allocated to the IMT-Advanced system. We pay attention to two aspects: 1) the performance evaluation of a variety of transmission schemes in real propagation environment, and 2) the impact of propagation environment on the relay performance. Based on the measured channel transfer matrix, the achieved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spatial diversity and capacity of different transmission schemes are analyzed and compared. The measurement results reveal that in the NLOS region of the base station (BS) or in the region far away from the BS, the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying can significantly enhance the system performance.When the quality of the link between the BS and the relay station (RS) is good, the DF can provide larger performance improvement than the amplify-and-forward relaying. It is also found that propagation condition in the link between the RS and MS has major impact on the SNR, but minor impact on the spatial diversity.
Using the Context of User Feedback in Recommender Systems

Our work is generally focused on recommending for small or medium-sized e-commerce portals, where explicit feedback is absent and thus the usage of implicit feedback is necessary. Nonetheless, for some implicit feedback features, the presentation context may be of high importance. In this paper, we present a model of relevant contextual features affecting user feedback, propose methods leveraging those features, publish a dataset of real e-commerce users containing multiple user feedback indicators as well as its context and finally present results of purchase prediction and recommendation experiments. Off-line experiments with real users of a Czech travel agency website corroborated the importance of leveraging presentation context in both purchase prediction and recommendation tasks.
Distinct evolutionary patterns of morphometric sperm traits in passerine birds

The striking diversity of sperm shape across the animal kingdom is still poorly understood. Postcopulatory sexual selection is an important factor driving the evolution of sperm size and shape. Interestingly, morphometric sperm traits, such as the length of the head, midpiece and flagellum, exhibit a strong positive phenotypic correlation across species. Here we used recently developed comparative methods to investigate how such phenotypic correlations between morphometric sperm traits may evolve. We compare allometric relationships and evolutionary trajectories of three morphometric sperm traits (length of head, midpiece and flagellum) in passerine birds. We show that these traits exhibit strong phenotypic correlations but that allometry varies across families. In addition, the evolutionary trajectories of the midpiece and flagellum are similar while the trajectory for head length differs. We discuss our findings in the light of three scenarios accounting for correlated trait evolution: (i) genetic correlation; (ii) concerted response to selection acting simultaneously on different traits; and (iii) phenotypic correlation between traits driven by mechanistic constraints owing to selection on sperm performance. Our results suggest that concerted response to selection is the most likely explanation for the phenotypic correlation between morphometric sperm traits.
The Relationship Between Resistance to Conformity and College Students’ Alcohol Use, Alcohol-related Consequences Experienced, and PBS Use

College students’ alcohol use has reached alarming heights in the past 25 years and shows no signs of slowing; experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences is on the rise for this demographic. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) can help prevent negative consequences. This study sought to determine if relationships existed between resistance to conformity and college students’ alcohol consumption, alcohol-related negative consequences experienced, and PBS use. Data were collected via online surveys from students at a Southeastern mid-sized university. As hypothesized, resistance to conformity had negative relationships with alcohol consumption (r = -.094, p = .05 ) and number of alcohol-related negative consequences experienced (r = -.195, p =.01 . As hypothesized, resistance to conformity was positively related with PBS use (r = .120, p =.01). Discrepancies among classification of drinkers, practical applications and potential future research are discussed. Definition of Key Terms 1) Heavy episodic drinking: Consuming five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women within a two-hour period with the intent to become intoxicated or raise the blood alcohol content to . 08. 2) Alcohol-related negative consequences: Results of engaging in drinking that cause harm academically, legally, or physically. 3) Protective behavioral strategies (PBS): Behavioral actions taken to decrease the likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences (Martens et al., 2004). 4) Conformity: Intentional effort put forth in order to bring one's behavior or beliefs into congruence with the wider whole. 5) Peer influence: the extent to which peers encourage or discourage a particular behavior iv Table of
Multi-hop routing within TDMA slots for teams of cooperating robots

Small teams of cooperating robots have been shown to benefit from the increased reliability of synchronised message exchanges provided by TDMA-based schemes. However, such schemes may also impose a long propagation delay to communications between non neighbour robots. Such negative impact is further increased by long TDMA rounds, which favour reduced medium utilisation and energy consumption, and by decentralised mesh topologies, which increase the team coverage and layout flexibility. For small size teams, say up to 10 units, it is feasible to set-up a global TDMA framework as well as tracking the instantaneous network topology, making it available to each robot. In this work we use this knowledge to forward packets along their path within each TDMA slot. To that end, we present a novel communication protocol that combines global TDMA and multi-hop routing. It maintains the reliability benefits of the TDMA schemes while strongly reducing the end-to-end propagation delay of interactions between non neighbour robots. We validate our protocol with simulation results using OMNET++. In a worst-case topology scenario we achieved an end-to-end delay that can be as low as 35% that of a traditional TDMA implementation that forwards the packets to the immediate one-hop neighbours, only. In a concrete audio streaming application scenario reported in the literature for an alternative real-time token-passing protocol, our proposal achieves similar delays with significantly less management bandwidth.
Specification and verification of agent interaction protocols in a logic-based system

In multiagent systems, agent interaction is ruled by means of interaction protocols. Compliance to protocols can be hardwired in agent programs; however, this requires that only "certified" agents interact. In open societies, composed of autonomous and heterogeneous agents whose internal structure is, in general, not accessible, interaction protocols should be specified in terms of the agent observable behaviour, and compliance should be verified by an external entity.In this paper, we propose a Java-Prolog-CHR system for verification of compliance of agents' behaviour to protocols specified in a logic-based formalism (Social Integrity Constraints). We also present the application of the formalism and the system to the specification and verification of the FIPA Contract-Net protocol.
Developmental Competence of Bovine Early Embryos Depends on the Coupled Response Between Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress1

ABSTRACT The stress produced by the coupling of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been explored extensively, but little is known regarding their roles in the early development of mammalian embryos. Here, we demonstrated that the early development of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos was governed by the cooperative action between ROS and ER stress. Compared with the tension produced by 5% O2, 20% O2 significantly decreased the blastocyst formation rate and cell survival, which was accompanied by increases in ROS and in levels of sXBP-1 transcript, which is an ER stress indicator. In addition, treatment with glutathione (GSH), a ROS scavenger, decreased ROS levels, which resulted in increased blastocyst formation and cell survival rates. Importantly, levels of sXBP-1 and ER stress-associated transcripts were reduced by GSH treatment in developing bovine embryos. Consistent with this observation, tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, improved blastocyst developmental rate, trophectoderm proportion, and cell survival. Moreover, ROS and sXBP-1 transcript levels were markedly decreased by supplementation with TUDCA, suggesting a possible mechanism governing the mutual regulation between ROS and ER stress. Interestingly, knockdown of XBP-1 transcripts resulted in both elevation of ROS and decrease of antioxidant transcripts, which ultimately reduced in vitro developmental competence of bovine embryos. Based on these results, in vitro developmental competence of IVP bovine embryos was highly dependent on the coupled response between oxidative and ER stresses. These results increase our understanding of the mechanism(s) governing early embryonic development and may improve strategies for the generation of IVP embryos with high developmental competence.
Investigating experiential avoidance as a mechanism of action in a mindfulness intervention

Mechanisms of change in psychotherapy must be empirically investigated to shed light on how particular therapies work, as well as common mechanisms that may be at work across modalities. The current study investigated a proposed mechanism of change in a mindfulness intervention; this proposed mechanism, experiential avoidance (EA), may function more broadly as a mediator of change across multiple therapies. The primary hypothesis was that gains in mindfulness over the course of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) would be associated with reductions in negative affect, and that changes in EA would mediate the relation between changes in mindfulness and negative affect. The role of EA in mediating the effect of mindfulness on positive affect, disability, and life satisfaction was also investigated. Participants (N = 106) completed questionnaires before and after an 8-week MBSR program. A subset of participants (n = 74) completed questionnaires at the mid-point of treatment, and recorded time spent on mindfulness practice and level of relaxation after homework completion. Mediation analyses were conducted in which relations between change in predictor (mindfulness), mediator (EA), and outcome measures over the course of the intervention were assessed using regression steps, followed by PRODCLIN. Participants reported significant improvements in mindfulness, reductions in EA and disability, and improved affect and life satisfaction from preto post-MBSR. The relation between increased mindfulness and reduced negative affect over the course of the intervention was partially mediated by reduced EA. No evidence was found for relaxation as an additional mediator of the relation between mindfulness and negative affect. The relation between increased mindfulness and positive affect over the course of the intervention was fully mediated by
Childhood and adolescent depression : the role of environmental adversities, of the serotonin transporter gene and of their interaction, in a developmental perspective

This research is based upon reasonable evidence that the environment moderates behavioural effects of biological systems (serotonergic neurotransmission) involved in the development of juvenile affective symptoms. The data suggest that the Serotonin Transporter gene is a genetic substrate for youth internalizing behaviour: adolescents who carry a less functioning variant of this gene have a greater risk to develop depressive symptoms when exposed to environmental adversities. This gene also plays an important role in determining the continuity/discontinuity of depressive traits throughout adolescence, thus confirming the theory that carriers of the less efficient allele have more negative feelings (about themselves and the world), which could turn into depression when under stress. Primary prevention strategies, promoting proactive and adaptive coping behaviours may reduce the likelihood of persistence of behavioural problems from early- to late-adolescence and, perhaps, to early adult years.