Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised extractive summarization via coverage maximization with syntactic and semantic concepts

Coverage maximization with bigram concepts is a state-of-the-art approach to unsupervised extractive summarization. It has been argued that such concepts are adequate and, in contrast to more linguistic concepts such as named entities or syntactic dependencies, more robust, since they do not rely on automatic processing. In this paper, we show that while this seems to be the case for a commonly used newswire dataset, use of syntactic and semantic concepts leads to significant improvements in performance in other domains.
Antecedents and Buying Behavior Consequences of Consumer Racism, National Identification, Consumer Animosity, and Consumer Ethnocentrism

ABSTRACT The purpose of the current research is to assess and compare the impacts of consumer racism, national identification, animosity, and ethnocentrism exhibited by Jewish-Israeli consumers on their purchases of products originating in the Palestinian Authority. A structured questionnaire with multi-item scales based on data from a sample of Jewish-Israeli consumers was used. The current study suggests that product quality judgment acts as partial mediator between consumer racism, national identification, animosity, ethnocentrism, and willingness to buy. Most (but not all) other hypothesized relationships were substantiated. This study unravels the tangled state of the pertinent literature by identifying and evaluating the relative and simultaneous impacts of consumer racism, national identification, animosity, and ethnocentrism on some core marketing variables, such as product quality judgment, willingness to buy, and actual buying.
Spectral Energy Distributions for Disk and Halo M Dwarfs

We have obtained infrared (1-2.5 μm) spectroscopy for 42 halo and disk dwarfs with spectral types M1-M6.5. These data are compared to synthetic spectra generated by the latest model atmospheres of Allard & Hauschildt. Photospheric parameters metallicity, effective temperature, and radius are determined for the sample.We find good agreement between observation and theory except for known problems due to incomplete molecular data for metal hydrides and H2O. The metal-poor M subdwarfs are well matched by the models, as oxide opacity sources are less important in this case. The derived effective temperatures for the sample range from 3600 to 2600 K; at these temperatures grain formation and extinction are not significant in the photosphere. The derived metallicities range from solar to 1/10 solar. The radii and effective temperatures derived agree well with recent models of low-mass stars. The spectra are available in electronic form upon request.
Justice perceptions, leader-member exchange, and upward influence tactics

Purpose The authors examine the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and the selection of upward influence tactics. The purpose of this paper is to integrate research on perceptions of justice, LMX, and influence tactics in order to empirically test an integrative model. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were administered to n=407 employed Masters of Business Administration students at a private Southeastern University in the USA. Structural equation modeling was used to test the statistical significance of paths specified in the models. Findings Results indicate that perceptions of organizational justice have indirect effects on upward influence tactics reported. LMX had mediating effects on the relationship between interactional justice and the use of rational and coalition tactics. Research limitations/implications The data are cross-sectional and were collected using self-reports, which limits the conclusions that can be drawn. The findings however, suggest that perceptions of interactional justice are associated with LMX, whose effects in turn are associated with the use of influence tactics. Practical implications Coalition strategies were used more when subordinates experienced poor LMX. The research suggests that perhaps for individuals experiencing poor relationships with the supervisor, coalition strategies might present an alternative to “rational” influence tactics (which are used more in high-quality relationships). Originality/value The current study extends LMX research by examining differing subordinate influence strategies in high- and low-quality relationships. It also extends organizational justice research by examining the effects of the interpersonal implementation of fair procedures on the dynamics between leadership and upward influence.
Handlebody construction of Stein surfaces

The topology of Stein surfaces and contact 3-manifolds is studied by means of handle decompositions. A simple characterization of homeomorphism types of Stein surfaces is obtained-they correspond to open handlebodies with all handles of index < 2. An uncountable collection of exotic l4,'S is shown to admit Stein structures. New invariants of contact 3-manifolds are produced, including a complete (and computable) set of invariants for determining the homotopy class of a 2-plane field on a 3-manifold. These invariants are applicable to Seiberg-Witten theory. Several families of oriented 3-manifolds are examined, namely the Seifert fibered spaces and all surgeries on various links in S3, and in each case it is seen that "most" members of the family are the
Multi-lingual speech recognition with low-rank multi-task deep neural networks

Multi-task learning (MTL) for deep neural network (DNN) multilingual acoustic models has been shown to be effective for learning parameters that are common or shared between multiple languages[1, 2]. In the MTL paradigm, the number of parameters in the output layer is large and scales with the number of languages used in training. This output layer becomes a computational bottleneck. For mono-lingual DNNs, low-rank matrix factorization (LRMF) of weight matrices have yielded large computational savings[3, 4]. The LRMF proposed in this work for MTL, is for the original languagespecific block matrices to “share” a common matrix, with resulting low-rank language specific block matrices. The impact of LRMF is presented in two scenarios, namely : (a) improving performance in a target language when auxiliary languages are included during multi-lingual training; and (b) cross-language transfer to an unseen language with only 1 hour of transcribed training data. A 44% parameter reduction in the final layer, manifests itself in providing a lower memory footprint and faster training times. An experimental study shows that the LRMF multi-lingual DNN provides competitive performance compared to a full-rank multi-lingual DNN in both scenarios.
The Effect of “Anonymous Reviewer”: A Study of Anonymity, Affect Intensity, and Message Valence in the Cyberspace

This study aims to illustrate how anonymity, together with affect intensity and message valence, affects message receivers’ responses. A 2 (anonymous vs. revealed identity) × 2 (low vs. high affect intensity) × 2 (positive vs. negative valence) between-subjects experiment was conducted. It was found that when message affect intensity was low, an anonymous message was more effective in generating trust toward the message and message processing depth than a message with an identified sender. However, such a difference was insignificant when affect intensity was high. Moreover, a significant interaction effect between affect intensity and message valence was found on message processing depth. When affect intensity was high, a positive message elicited more message processing. When affect intensity was low, there was no significant difference between positive and negative messages.
Quasilinear Parabolic Equations, Unbounded Solutions and Geometrical Equations Ii. Uniqueness without Growth Conditions and Applications to the Mean Curvature Flow in Ir 2

In this article, we prove a comparison result for viscosity solutions of a certain class of fully nonlinear, possibly degenerate, parabolic equations; the main new feature of this result is that it holds for any, possibly discontinuous, solutions without imposing any restrictions on their growth at infinity. The main application of this result which was also our main motivation to prove it, is the uniqueness of solutions to one-dimensional equations including the mean curvature equation for graphs without assuming any restriction on their behavior at infinity.
Event-related potentials in semantic memory retrieval

The involvement of the left temporal lobe in semantics and object naming has been repeatedly demonstrated in the context of language comprehension; however, its role in the mechanisms and time course for the retrieval of an integrated object memory from its constituent features have not been well delineated. In this study, 19 young adults were presented with two features of an object (e.g., “desert” and “humps”) and asked to determine whether these two features were congruent to form a retrieval of a specific object (“camel”) or incongruent and formed no retrieval while event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. Beginning around 750 ms the ERP retrieval and nonretrieval waveforms over the left anterior fronto-temporal region show significance differences, indicating distinct processes for retrievals and nonretrievals. In addition to providing further data implicating the left frontal-anterior temporal region in object memory/retrieval, the results provide insight into the time course of semantic processing related to object memory retrieval in this region. The likely semantic process at 750 ms in this task would be coactivation of feature representations common to the same object. The consistency of this finding suggests that the process is stable across individuals. The potential clinical applications are discussed. (JINS, 2008, 14, 815–822.)
Facilitating deep learning through self-explanation in an open-ended domain

Self-explanation has been used successfully in teaching Mathematics and Physics to facilitate deep learning. We are interested in investigating whether self-explanation can be used in an open-ended, ill-structured domain. For this purpose, we enhanced KERMIT, an intelligent tutoring system that teaches conceptual database design. The resulting system, KERMIT-SE, supports self-explanation by engaging students in tutorial dialogues when their solutions are erroneous. The results of an evaluation study indicate that self-explanation leads to improved performance in both conceptual and procedural knowledge.
Evaluation of PIMA Point-of-care CD4 Analyzer in Yunnan, China

Background: CD4 count is used to determine antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility. In China, flow cytometers are mostly located in urban areas with limited access by patients residing in remote areas. In an attempt to address this issue, we conducted a study to validate the performance of Alere PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer. Methods: Venous and finger-prick blood specimens were collected from HIV-positive participants from two voluntary counseling and testing sites in Yunnan Province. Both venous and finger-prick blood specimens were tested with the PIMA analyzer. Venous blood specimens tested with the Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur were used as a reference. Results: Venous specimens from 396 and finger-prick specimens from 387 persons were available for analysis. CD4 counts by PIMA correlated well with those from FACSCalibur with an R 2 of 0.91 for venous blood and 0.81 for finger-prick blood. Compared to FACSCalibur, the PIMA analyzer yielded lower counts with a mean bias of − 47.0 cells/&mgr;l (limit of agreement, [LOA]: −204–110 cells/&mgr;l) for venous blood and −71.0 cells/&mgr;l (LOA: −295–153 cells/&mgr;l) for finger-prick blood. For a CD4 threshold of 350 cells/&mgr;l, the positive predictive value (PPV) of PIMA was 84.2% and 75.7% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.6% and 95.8% for venous and finger-prick blood, respectively. For an ART threshold of 500 cells/&mgr;l, the corresponding PPV was 90.3% and 84.0% and NPV was 94.3% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusions: CD4 counting using venous blood with PIMA analyzers is a feasible alternative to a large flow cytometer to determine ART eligibility.
Measuring User Satisfaction of Networked Software Based on User Behavior

End user satisfaction of software or information system is an important research topic. However, existing research has been focused on questionnaire and indicators selection. An important issue has not been paid enough attention so far is that the traditional method is hardly suitable in web 2.0, which user using pattern and software runtime environment have changed. In this paper, we present a new approach to evaluate user satisfaction based on user behavior. We give the measure indicators and their calculate method. Based on a case study and a simulate experiment, we showed the feasibility and maneuverability of this approach.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy for nucleos(t)ide analogue-naïve and nucleos(t)ide analogue-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients

Background/Aims This study investigated the antiviral effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)-naive and NA-experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods CHB patients treated with TDF monotherapy (300 mg/day) for ≥12 weeks between December 2012 and July 2014 at a single center were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical, biochemical, and virological parameters were assessed every 12 weeks. Results In total, 136 patients (median age 49 years, 96 males, 94 HBeAg positive, and 51 with liver cirrhosis) were included. Sixty-two patients were nucleos(t)ide (NA)-naïve, and 74 patients had prior NA therapy (NA-exp group), and 31 patients in the NA-exp group had lamivudine (LAM)-resistance (LAM-R group). The baseline serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level was 4.9±2.3 log IU/mL (mean±SD), and was higher in the NA-naïve group than in the NA-exp and LAM-R groups (5.9±2.0 log IU/mL vs 3.9±2.0 log IU/mL vs 4.2±1.7 log IU/mL, P<0.01). The complete virological response (CVR) rate at week 48 in the NA-naïve group (71.4%) did not differ significantly from those in the NA-exp (71.3%) and LAM-R (66.1%) groups. In multivariate analysis, baseline serum HBV DNA was the only predictive factor for a CVR at week 48 (hazard ratio, 0.809; 95% confidence interval, 0.729-0.898), while the CVR rate did not differ with the NA experience. Conclusions TDF monotherapy was effective for CHB treatment irrespective of prior NA treatment or LAM resistance. Baseline serum HBV DNA was the independent predictive factor for a CVR.
“It’s Not Perfect - I Need To Start Again!”

This action research study examines the relationship between self-compassion and creativity amongst high school art students in order to determine if self-compassion plays a positive or negative role in the creative process. This inquiry was undertaken to inform and enrich the researcher’s teaching practice and to lay the foundation for future research. The study took place in the researcher’s classroom with her art students volunteering as subjects. Relying on multiple sources of evidence, this study was designed with a mixed methods approach to capture both quantitative and qualitative data in order to generate significant and accurate results. This researcher had a strong interest in learning how creativity could be measured amongst individuals and to what extent that number could be influenced by levels of self-compassion. This researcher was also interested in hearing the voices of her students to discover if their perceptions and ideas on creativity and self-compassion correlated with the statistical data. Forty five (twenty-seven female and eighteen male) students, aged fifteen to eighteen, volunteered to participate in this inquiry by taking the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Thinking Creatively with Pictures), the Kristen Neff Self-Compassion Scale: short form and by answering two closed and four open-ended interview questions. These tests were administered in the classroom during class time. Data were collected from both tests along with the students’ perception of their own level of perfectionism and level of frustration, and the data were analysed using statistical tools including the Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Minitab Scatterplots. These two statistical tools were chosen to represent the findings from a number of different viewpoints and to answer the two questions that guide this study: do lower levels of self-compassion inhibit creativity in the art making process amongst high school art students? ; and do higher levels of self-compassion facilitate creativity in the art making process amongst high school art students? While the study was limited to a small number of participants, the results strongly suggest there is a correlation between self-compassion and creativity. Students who suffer from low self-compassion exhibited low creativity scores and students with higher levels of self-compassion exhibited higher creativity scores. If self-compassion is understood to be an important component of the creative process, ultimately its nurture should alleviate self-critical tendencies and promote a free approach to creative expression. This research study may contribute insight into this compelling subject in which to date there has been little formal research. It may also provide a starting point for further research into possible interventions that would aid self-compassion amongst art students, thus encouraging creativity to flourish.
Error Reduction by Confusing Characters Discrimination for Online Handwritten Japanese Character Recognition

To reduce the classification errors of online handwritten Japanese character recognition, we propose a method for confusing characters discrimination with little additional costs. After building confusing sets by cross validation using a baseline quadratic classifier, a logistic regression (LR) classifier is trained to discriminate the characters in each set. The LR classifier uses subspace features selected from existing vectors of the baseline classifier, thus has no extra parameters except the weights, which consumes a small storage space compared to the baseline classifier. In experiments on the TUAT HANDS databases with the modified quadratic discriminant function (MQDF) as baseline classifier, the proposed method has largely reduced the confusion caused by non-Kanji characters.
Gaussian Mixture Model for Handwritten Script Identification

This paper presents a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to identify the script of handwritten words of Roman, Devanagari, Kannada and Telugu scripts. It emphasizes the significance of directional energies for identification of script of the word. It is robust to varied image sizes and different styles of writing. A GMM is modeled using a set of six novel features derived from directional energy distributions of the underlying image. The standard deviation of directional energy distributions are computed by decomposing an image matrix into right and left diagonals. Furthermore, deviation of horizontal and vertical distributions of energies is also built-in to GMM. A dataset of 400 images out of 800 (200 of each script) are used for training GMM and the remaining is for testing. An exhaustive experimentation is carried out at bi-script, tri-script and multi-script level and achieved script identification accuracies in percentage as 98.7, 98.16 and 96.91 respectively.
Body emotion recognition disproportionately depends on vertical orientations during childhood

Children’s ability to recognize emotional expressions from faces and bodies develops during childhood. However, the low-level features that support accurate body emotion recognition during development have not been well characterized. This is in marked contrast to facial emotion recognition, which is known to depend upon specific spatial frequency and orientation sub-bands during adulthood, biases that develop during childhood. Here, we examined whether children’s reliance on vertical vs. horizontal orientation energy for recognizing emotional expressions in static images of bodies changed during middle childhood (5 to 10 years old). We found that while children of all ages had an adult-like bias favoring vertical orientation energy, this effect was larger at younger ages. We conclude that in terms of information use, a key feature of the development of emotion recognition is improved performance with sub-optimal features for recognition – that is, learning to use less diagnostic features of the image is a slower process than learning to use more useful features.
Examining the Relationship Between Triggering Activities and the Circadian Distribution of Acute Aortic Dissection

Background and Objectives There are limited data examining triggering activities and circadian distribution at the onset of acute aortic dissection (AAD) in the context of diagnostic and anatomical classification. The aim of this study was to further investigate this relationship between triggering activities and circadian distribution at the onset of AAD according to diagnostic and anatomic classification. Subjects and Methods A total of 166 patients with AAD admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital between July 2001 and June 2009 were included. To assess the influence of diagnostic and anatomical classification, we categorized the patients into intramural hematoma (IMH) group (n=67)/non-IMH group (n=99) and Stanford type A (AAD-A, n=94)/type B (AAD-B, n=72). To evaluate circadian distribution, the day was divided into four 6-hour periods: night (00-06 hours), morning (06-12 hours), afternoon (12-18 hours), and evening (18-00 hours). Results Most (72%) AAD episodes were related to physical (53%) and mental activities (19%), with about one-third occurring during the afternoon, and only 12% occurring at night. No differences in triggering activities or circadian distribution were observed among the groups. Waking hours including morning, afternoon, and evening correlated with triggering activities (p=0.003). These relationships were observed for the non-IMH (p=0.008) and AAD-B (p=0.003) cases. The remaining categories had similar relationships, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Our findings suggest differences in the relationship between triggering activities and the circadian distribution of the onset of AAD according to diagnostic and anatomical classification.
Between the Lines: Diversity and NCAA Division I Athletic Department Mission Statements

Given the increasing number of student–athletes of color participating in college sports [Lapchick, R. , Hoff, B. , & Kaiser, C. (2010). The 2010 racial and gender report card: College sport. Orlando, FL: The Institute for Diversity in Ethics in Sport], the athletics department is rarely viewed as needing to address diversity (Unzueta & Binning, 2009); yet, diversity goes beyond numbers. With the importance of written documents to expressing a value for diversity, this study examined how NCAA Division I athletic department mission statements address diversity and how those messages compare to the university missions. Chesler and Crowfoot's (1989, Racism in higher education: An organizational analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Research on Social Organization, University of Michigan) organizational analysis of racism framework was adapted to consider diversity in a broader sense, and 40 department and university mission statements were examined. The iterative content analysis produced five overarching themes for form of inclusion: explicit, implicit, policy, indirect, and absence. Further analysis was done on the extent of inclusion, population focus, and level of accessibility. Findings show that while the majority of mission statements address diversity, the nature and extent of that inclusion varies greatly by document type as well as across institutions, affecting the clarity of the messages conveyed.