Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic feedback circuits function as a switch for shaping a maturation-inducing steroid pulse in Drosophila

Steroid hormones trigger the onset of sexual maturation in animals by initiating genetic response programs that are determined by steroid pulse frequency, amplitude and duration. Although steroid pulses coordinate growth and timing of maturation during development, the mechanisms generating these pulses are not known. Here we show that the ecdysone steroid pulse that drives the juvenile-adult transition in Drosophila is determined by feedback circuits in the prothoracic gland (PG), the major steroid-producing tissue of insect larvae. These circuits coordinate the activation and repression of hormone synthesis, the two key parameters determining pulse shape (amplitude and duration). We show that ecdysone has a positive-feedback effect on the PG, rapidly amplifying its own synthesis to trigger pupariation as the onset of maturation. During the prepupal stage, a negative-feedback signal ensures the decline in ecdysone levels required to produce a temporal steroid pulse that drives developmental progression to adulthood. The feedback circuits rely on a developmental switch in the expression of Broad isoforms that transcriptionally activate or silence components in the ecdysone biosynthetic pathway. Remarkably, our study shows that the same well-defined genetic program that stimulates a systemic downstream response to ecdysone is also utilized upstream to set the duration and amplitude of the ecdysone pulse. Activation of this switch-like mechanism ensures a rapid, self-limiting PG response that functions in producing steroid oscillations that can guide the decision to terminate growth and promote maturation.
Project Lingua Franca: Democratizing Information through Unified Optical Character Recognition and Neural Machine Translation

Document Translations are considered to be an unsolved problem with respect to dependable translations across languages. This process is time-consuming in nature and requires human intervention, primarily due to the inability of current methods to develop an understanding of the local context within the document. This is also a problem from the lens of accessibility, as a large section of the human population does not know English. In our work, we demonstrate how our proposed method, termed Project Lingua Franca, has the ability to generate document translations in a cheap and fairly efficient method, with no prior training and in Zero-shot settings.
Root Canal Configuration of Human Permanent Mandibular First Molars of an Indo-Dravidian Population Based in Southern India: An In vitro Study

Aim: This study aims to analyze root canal configuration of human permanent mandibular first molars of an indo-Dravidian population based in southern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 1147 mandibular first permanent molars were collected, cleansed, and stored. The number of roots was recorded, access preparations made, pattern of orifices recorded after pulpal floor debridement, dye injected into the canals using apical negative pressure and subjected to a clearing technique. They were then analyzed using a stereo microscope and the canal configurations recorded (Vertucci). The number of roots, the pattern of orifices and canal configuration were recorded. Results: The pattern of orifices was triangular (87.9%), rectangular (8.5%), C-shaped (3.0%), and two orifice pattern (0.6%). About 95.6% of teeth had two roots, and 4.4% had three roots. The most common canal system configuration in mesial root was Vertucci type IV (52.3%), followed by type II (35%). Root canal configuration of the distal root revealed type I configuration in 62.7%, followed by types II (14.5%) and IV (12.4%). The distolingual root had a type I configuration. Conclusion: Awareness of canal configuration, adequate clinical skills, use of specialized techniques of diagnosis, debridement and obturation will pave the way for successful treatment outcomes.
Quantizated Federated Learning Algorithm with Server Momentum Aggregation*

Federated Learning (FL) represents a rapidly advancing technique that empowers multiple workers to collaboratively train a global model using a distributed dataset. However, FL frequently grapples with the challenge of unstable and sluggish convergence attributed to the heterogeneous attributes of participating clients. By incorporating an additional momentum step, showcasing its efficacy across both centralized and FL scenarios The need to mitigate the substantial communication costs arising from server-client synchronization while propelling model convergence serves as the driving force behind the proposition of the quantizated federated learning algorithm with server momentum aggregation (SMFedCOM) algorithm. This algorithm involves refining the process of updating global model parameters. The integration of Nesterov momentum terms on the server side not only bolsters the stability of server-side aggregation but also employs parameter quantization to curtail communication overhead. A detailed convergence analysis of the SMFedCOM algorithm is given, substantiating that its convergence rate aligns with the non-convex nature of the objective function. Specifically, this rate is characterized as $\mathcal{O}\left(1 / \sqrt{N T K}+1 / T^{2}\right)$, with N denoting the count of participating clients, K representing the number of local training iterations, and T indicating the total number of iterations. The algorithm is compared with existing algorithms via numerical simulations based on benchmark datasets. Empirical results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively accelerate the convergence of the model.
Selfish routing in the presence of side constraints

The natural approach for describing network flow problems is to introduce side constraints that capture restrictions of a logical or technological nature, e.g., capacity or budgetary constraints. We study the traffic equilibria arising from selfish routing of individual users in networks with side constraints. For the problem without side constraints the classic Wardrop principle suggests that in equilibrium for each origin-destination pair the latency on all the used routes is equal or less to the latency on all unused routes. In this paper we use a natural extension of the Wardrop principle [13] in order to obtain results on selfish routing with side constraints. The extended Wardrop principle suggests that in equilibrium flow is routed along paths of minimal latency according to a modified function that essentially incorporates penalty terms for the side constraints. This approach provides a basis for the systematic application of relevant optimization theory to selfish routing problems.
Virtual Try-On through Image-Based Rendering

Virtual try-on applications have become popular because they allow users to watch themselves wearing different clothes without the effort of changing them physically. This helps users to make quick buying decisions and, thus, improves the sales efficiency of retailers. Previous solutions usually involve motion capture, 3D reconstruction or modeling, which are time consuming and not robust for all body poses. Our method avoids these steps by combining image-based renderings of the user and previously recorded garments. It transfers the appearance of a garment recorded from one user to another by matching input and recorded frames, image-based visual hull rendering, and online registration methods. Using images of real garments allows for a realistic rendering quality with high performance. It is suitable for a wide range of clothes and complex appearances, allows arbitrary viewing angles, and requires only little manual input. Our system is particularly useful for virtual try-on applications as well as interactive games.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH COMPOSTING PROCESS OF MUNICIPAL BIOSOLID WASTE

Organic waste is gradually degraded during composting process, producing carbon dioxide, water, heat, and humus, the relatively stable end product. The degradation process is carried out by living organisms, of which fungi appear to have the most important role since they break down tough debris (cellulose, lignin, and other resistant materials), enabling other microorganisms to continue the decomposition process. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi associated with large scale municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam. In this study, we have isolated 10 morphologically different fungal strains from the composting materials, and classified based on morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA sequences. The results showed that these fungal strains belonged to four different genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monascus, and Trichoderma. The results would be a useful reference for further studies of diversity, and functions of fungi that involved in municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam environmental conditions.
Application of a Hybrid Deep Model based on Harmonic Distortion for High-Impedance Fault Detection

Distribution systems face significant challenges in dealing with high impedance faults (HIF) due to the unpredictable, asymmetric, and nonlinear characteristics of these faults. Identifying HIFs in power networks is critical to prevent device damage and human safety. Most conventional detection and classification HIF methods, use a vast dataset and mathematical transformations, but intrinsic waveform characteristics are not considered. In this paper, a novel framework including a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) algorithm based on convolution neural networks (CNN), incorporating harmonic distortion (HD) is proposed for HIF detection and classification along with the influence of background noise. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method, which can identify HIFs. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms baselines regarding precision and accuracy.
Easy One-Stream Transformer Tracker

To replace the traditional two-stream tracking paradigm, exploiting a one-stream tracking architecture has recently drawn extensive interest. But redundant computations occur as not all tokens are attentive in MHSA, introducing the noise brought by inattention information interaction and matching. To address the aforementioned issue, we introduce an easy one-stream transformer track(EOTrack), which reorganizes search tokens by retaining attentive ones and merging inattentive ones. This approach accelerates subsequent computations, enhancing the tracker's discrimination against the target by gradually mitigating noise. Additionally, we eliminate background information when updating templates without increasing training costs to provide diversified and high-quality positive samples for the tracker. Our designed easy one-stream framework is effective and concise, and its effectiveness has been proven on three datasets.
Projectivity of moment map quotients

Let G be a complex reductive group and K a maximal compact subgroup. If X is a smooth projective G-variety, with a fixed (not necessarily integral) K-invariant Kaehler form, then the K-action is Hamiltonian. Let M be the zero fiber of the corresponding moment map. It is well known that the quotient M/K is a complex space in a natural way. We prove that M/K is a projective variety. In particular, it follows that semistability with respect to a moment map is equivalent to semistability in the sense of Mumford.
Brain circuitry associated with the development of substance use in bipolar disorder and preliminary evidence for sexual dimorphism in adolescents

Substance use disorders and mood disorders are highly comorbid and confer a high risk for adverse outcomes. However, data are limited on the neurodevelopmental basis of this comorbidity. Substance use initiation typically occurs during adolescence, and sex‐specific developmental mechanisms are implicated. In this preliminary study, we review the literature and investigate regional gray matter volume (GMV) associated with subsequent substance use problems in adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) and explore these associations for females and males. Thirty adolescents with DSM‐IV–diagnosed BD and minimal alcohol/substance exposure completed baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. At follow‐up (on average 6 years post baseline), subjects were administered the CRAFFT interview and categorized into those scoring at high ( ≥ 2: CRAFFTHIGH) vs. low ( < 2: CRAFFTLOW) risk for alcohol/substance problems. Lower GMV in prefrontal, insular, and temporopolar cortices were observed at baseline among adolescents with BD reporting subsequent alcohol and cannabis use compared to adolescents with BD who did not (P < 0.005, clusters ≥ 20 voxels). Lower dorsolateral prefrontal GMV was associated with future substance use in both females and males. In females, lower orbitofrontal and insula GMV was associated with future substance use, while in males, lower rostral prefrontal GMV was associated with future use. Lower orbitofrontal, insular, and temporopolar GMV was observed in those who transitioned to smoking tobacco. Findings indicate that GMV development is associated with risk for future substance use problems in adolescents with BD, with results implicating GMV development in regions subserving emotional regulation in females and regions subserving executive processes and attention in males. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sourcing Decisions with Stochastic Supplier Reliability and Stochastic Demand

Supplier sourcing strategies are a crucial factor driving supply chain success. In this paper, we investigate the implications of uncertain supplier reliability on a firm's sourcing decisions in an environment with stochastic demand. In particular, we characterize specific conditions under which a firm should choose a single versus multiple supplier sourcing strategy. In an environment with both uncertain demand and supply, we characterize the total order quantity, the number of suppliers selected for order placement, and the allocation of the total order quantity among these selected suppliers. For deeper managerial insight, we also examine the sensitivity of the optimal sourcing decisions to interactions between uncertainties in product demand and supply reliability. We show that sourcing from a single supplier is an optimal strategy for environments characterized by high levels of demand uncertainty or high salvage values. A numerical analysis based on data obtained from an office products retailer further reinforces our analytical results. In addition, we also find that when minimal order quantities are imposed, there are situations where it is not optimal to place an order with the lowest cost supplier.
Do Correlated Exposures Influence Intermediary Decision-Making? Evidence from Trading Behavior of Equity Dealers

This paper investigates whether dealers trading and pricing decisions are governed by their equivalent inventories (based on total returns as in Ho and Stoll, 1983 or on unhedgeable returns as in Froot and Stein, 1998) or by their ordinary inventories, as would be the case in a decentralized market-making organizational structure. It finds that ordinary inventories, and not equivalent inventories best explain dealers quote placement strategy, which dealer executes trades and the quality of execution offered to the trades. This finding is consistent with decentralized market making where, due to information sharing difficulties or the nature of compensation contracts, individual dealers care only about risk of stocks managed by them, and not the positions of other dealers within the firm.
The behavioral neurogenetics of fragile X syndrome: Analyzing gene–brain–behavior relationships in child developmental psychopathologies

Analyzing gene–brain–behavior linkages in childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, a research approach called “behavioral neurogenetics,” has provided new insights into understanding how both genetic and environmental factors contribute to complex variations in typical and atypical human development. Research into etiologically more homogeneous disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, in particular, allows the use of more precise metrics of genetic risk so that we can more fully understand the complex pathophysiology of childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we review our laboratory's behavioral neurogenetics research by examining gene–brain–behavior relationships in fragile X syndrome, a single-gene disorder that has become a well-characterized model for studying neurodevelopmental dysfunction in childhood. Specifically, we examine genetic influences, trajectories of cognition and behavior, variation in brain structure and function, and biological and environmental factors that influence developmental and cognitive outcomes of children with fragile X. The converging approaches across these multilevel scientific domains indicate that fragile X, which arises from disruption of a single gene leading to the loss of a specific protein, is associated with a cascade of aberrations in neurodevelopment, resulting in a central nervous system that is suboptimal with respect to structure and function. In turn, structural and functional brain alterations lead to early disruption in emotion, cognition, and behavior in the child with fragile X. The combination of molecular genetics, neuroimaging, and behavioral research have advanced our understanding of the linkages between genetic variables, neurobiological measures, IQ, and behavior. Our research and that of others demonstrates that neurobehavior and neurocognition, genetics, and neuroanatomy are all different views of the same intriguing biological puzzle, a puzzle that today is rapidly emerging into a more complete picture of the intricate linkages among gene, brain, and behavior in developing children. Understanding the complex multilevel scientific perspective involved in fragile X will also contribute to our understanding of normal development by highlighting developmental events throughout the life span, thereby helping us to delineate the boundaries of pathology.
HEARTWOOD CONTENT IN PLANTED AND NATURAL SECOND-GROWTH NEW ZEALAND KAURI

A comparison of planted and natural second-growth stands of kauri ( Agathis australis Salisb.) in the North Island of New Zealand identified stem diameter as the principal factor for predicting heartwood presence and quantity. Age was a secondary factor, with older smaller stems from natural stands having disproportionately more heartwood than would be predicted from their stem diameter. Heartwood was found in kauri with diameters as small as 10.3 cm in natural trees and 15.8 cm in planted trees, although it represented less than 4% of total stem volume, and it was present in all trees above 35 cm diameter at breast height (dbh). Usable quantities of heartwood did not appear until breast height diameters reached 60 cm when mean heartwood volumes exceeded 0.5 m3 in the bottom 6-m log. Kauri with diameters in excess of 90 cm are predicted to contain a minimum of 1.9 m3 of heartwood per tree in the bottom 6-m log. Diameter increments in the best-performing planted stands in this study suggested that an average diameter over bark of 90 cm would be achieved in 120‐150 years. Maximum sapwood width occurred at 40‐50 cm dbh for planted kauri and 80‐90 cm dbh in natural stands, and stabilised at an average value of 13 cm. In this study sapwood width was less than 15 cm in 93.7% of the kauri. The results of this study will facilitate the prediction of heartwood quantity in planted or second-growth stands using easily obtained diameter over bark measurements.
Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) in the Indian Context

The study aimed to validate the “Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)” within the Indian context. The investigation involved administering the K-10 to a community sample of 679 undergraduate students, comprising 473 females (67.12%) and 206 males (32.86%), aged 19 to 22 years, from diverse government and private colleges/universities. The sample was divided into two sets: the first set of 340 students was subjected to an “Exploratory Factor Analysis” while the second set of 339 students underwent a “Confirmatory Factor Analysis”. The model's fit to the observed data was evaluated using maximum likelihood estimation techniques. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha was computed to assess the scale's internal consistency. The results affirmed the validity and reliability of the “K-10 Psychological Distress Scale” for measuring psychological distress among Indian undergraduate students.
Menthol Inhibits 5-HT3 Receptor–Mediated Currents

The effects of alcohol monoterpene menthol, a major active ingredient of the peppermint plant, were tested on the function of human 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 5-HT (1 μM)-evoked currents recorded by two-electrode voltage-clamp technique were reversibly inhibited by menthol in a concentration-dependent (IC50 = 163 μM) manner. The effects of menthol developed gradually, reaching a steady-state level within 10–15 minutes and did not involve G-proteins, since GTPγS activity remained unaltered and the effect of menthol was not sensitive to pertussis toxin pretreatment. The actions of menthol were not stereoselective as (−), (+), and racemic menthol inhibited 5-HT3 receptor–mediated currents to the same extent. Menthol inhibition was not altered by intracellular 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid injections and transmembrane potential changes. The maximum inhibition observed for menthol was not reversed by increasing concentrations of 5-HT. Furthermore, specific binding of the 5-HT3 antagonist [3H]GR65630 was not altered in the presence of menthol (up to 1 mM), indicating that menthol acts as a noncompetitive antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor. Finally, 5-HT3 receptor–mediated currents in acutely dissociated nodose ganglion neurons were also inhibited by menthol (100 μM). These data demonstrate that menthol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, is an allosteric inhibitor of 5-HT3 receptors.
Preventive home visits to older people are cost-effective

Aims: There is ongoing debate over the effectiveness of preventive home visits (PHVs) for the elderly. A municipality in the north of Sweden carried out a controlled trial of such visits. Healthy seniors aged 75 years and over received two PHVs per year over 2 years. The aim of this study was to do a cost utility analysis of the intervention. Methods: The intervention group (n=196) was compared with a control group (n=346), and a cost utility analysis was performed. The analysis was carried out with three different time perspectives. Data were sourced from official documents and medical and social records. Results: From a societal perspective, using a time period of 4 years, the analysis of PHVs to healthy seniors showed net savings. When including estimated future costs for health and elderly care during gained life years, the result changed from a net saving to a cost of Euro 200,000. A lifetime perspective also resulted in net savings if the costs of future health and elderly care were not included in the analysis. In this case, the total costs rose to approximately Euro 900,000. The cost could also be expressed as Euro 14,200 per quality-adjusted life year gained if future costs for elderly care and healthcare were included. Conclusions: PHVs represent a cost-effective intervention in this setting. The costs are justified by the outcomes.