Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigrant protest: an introduction

The last decade has witnessed an explosion of ‘immigrant protests’, political mobilizations by irregular migrants and pro-migrant activists. This special issue on ‘immigrant protest’ has emerged in response to this rise in the visibility of immigrant protests, and its central aim is to contribute to the growing body of scholarship on migrant resistance movements and to consider the implications of these struggles for critical understandings of citizenship. This introduction maps out some of the central issues and themes emerging from the contributions to this issue, exploring the tensions between integrationist and autonomous approaches and theories of migrant activism and resistance and between migrant and activist strategies of invisibility and visibility. By bringing immigrant protests to the heart of debates about citizenship, we hope to further extend discussions about the limits and the possibilities of citizenship as the material and conceptual horizon of critical social analysis and political participation and practice today.
The Effect of Music Instruction on Phonemic Awareness in Beginning Readers

The purpose of this study was to determine whether music instruction was related to significant gains in the development of young children's phonemic awareness, particularly in their phoneme-segmentation fluency. Beginning in January 2004 and continuing through the end of April 2004, each of four intact classrooms of kindergarten children (n= 43) from one elementary school were taught music by one of four advanced music-methods students from a nearby university. Kindergarten children (n= 60) at a second elementary school served as the control group. An analysis of the data revealed that kindergarten children who received 4 months of music instruction showed significantly greater gains in development of their phoneme segmentation fluency when compared to children who did not receive music instruction, t=−3.52, df= 101, p= . 001. The results support a near-transfer hypothesis that active music-making and the association of sound with developmentally appropriate symbols may develop cognitive processes similar to those needed for segmentation of a spoken word into its phonemes. December 14, 2004 August 1, 2005
Expression of Human Amyloid Precursor Protein in Rat Cortical Neurons Inhibits Calcium Oscillations

Synchronous calcium oscillations are observed in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons when mature networks are formed. This spontaneous neuronal activity needs an accurate control of calcium homeostasis. Alteration of intraneuronal calcium concentration is described in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Although processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) that generates Aβ peptide has critical implications for AD pathogenesis, the neuronal function of APP remains unclear. Here, we report that expression of human APP (hAPP) in rat cortical neurons increases L-type calcium currents, which stimulate SK channels, calcium-dependent K+ channels responsible for medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP). In a neuronal network, increased mAHP in some neurons expressing hAPP leads to inhibition of calcium oscillations in all the cells of the network. This inhibition is independent of production and secretion of Aβ and other APP metabolites. In a neuronal network, reduction of endogenous APP expression using shRNA increases the frequency and reduces the amplitude of calcium oscillations. Altogether, these data support a key role for APP in the control of neuronal excitability.
The Creative Culinary Process: Constructing and Extending a Four-Component Model

This study looked at the relation between a culinary artist's (or chef's) invisible creative process and his or her creative performance (manifest actions and products). Beginning with Wallas's (1926) classic model of a 4-phase creative process—idea preparation, idea incubation, idea development, and verification of the new work's creativity—as modified by Amabile, Finke et al., it was hypothesized that (a) the creative culinary process (CCP) comprises these 4 phases; (b) these 4 phases (or subprocesses) of the CCP have an impact on one another that is both positive and cumulative; and (c) the entire CCP has a direct, positive, cumulative impact on the artist's culinary performance. A conceptual model was then developed, one that extended the modified model of Wallas so that, in addition to process, it also included performance. Then this model was used to explore the interrelationships among the 4 phases of the CCP and creative culinary performance and to test the 3 hypotheses. Within certain limits, these hypotheses were shown to be valid. The results of this study have clear implications for the understanding and promoting of creativity, not only in the culinary arts, but in all arts.
Ocular and orbital cysticercosis.

PURPOSE To study the demographic factors, clinical diagnosis, results of investigation, modalities of treatment and their outcome in ocular and extraocular cysticercosis. METHOD A total of 20 patients were recruited for the study. Ultrasonography and computed tomography were done for all the patients. Serial ultrasound was obtained in patients receiving medical treatment. Therapy was individualized according to the location of the cyst. RESULTS The commonest clinical presentation was proptosis (9 of 20) with restriction of ocular movements, followed by subconjunctival cyst, subretinal cyst, papilloedema, atypical optic neuritis, lid nodule and intraretinal cyst. Ultrasonography was comparable with computed tomographic scan for detection of scolex. Two of the twenty patients had associated cysts in the brain parenchyma. Medical or surgical therapy as indicated, had a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSION Cysticerci can lodge themselves in any part of the ocular and extra ocular tissue. Associated brain parenchyma involvement is quite rare. The clinical presentation, treatment and outcome mainly depends on the location of the cyst.
Structural Models of Abilities Measured by the Ball Aptitude Battery

The authors investigated the constructs underlying the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB) in four studies. In Studies 1 through 3, a confirmatory factor-analytic approach was used to jointly analyze the BAB and three additional ability batteries, that is, the Comprehensive Ability Battery, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), and the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB). In Study 4, the BAB data reported by Neuman, Bolin, and Briggs were reanalyzed. For each data set, the authors tested the fit of a nested hierarchical model. Goodness-of-fit indices suggested that the factor models were a good fit of the data for each sample. The factor structure remained largely consistent across samples, with differences primarily reflecting the composition of the particular ability subtests. Overall, g plays a significant but not dominant role in the BAB, which measures abilities needed for assessing person-job fit that are not measured by the ASVAB or GATB.
Toward a Theory of Cultural Linguistics

Imagery, broadly defined as all that people may construe in cognitive models pertaining to vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and feeling states, precedes and shapes human language. In this pathfinding book, Gary B. Palmer restores imagery to a central place in studies of language and culture by bringing together the insights of cognitive linguistics and anthropology to form a new theory of cultural linguistics. Palmer begins by showing how cognitive grammar complements the traditional anthropological approaches of Boasian linguistics, ethnosemantics, and the ethnography of speaking. He then applies his cultural theory to a wealth of case studies, including Bedouin lamentations, spatial organization in Coeur d'Alene place names and anatomical terms, Kuna narrative sequence, honorifics in Japanese sales language, the domain of ancestral spirits in Proto-Bantu noun-classifiers, Chinese counterfactuals, the non-arbitrariness of Spanish verb forms, and perspective schemas in English discourse. This pioneering approach suggests innovative solutions to old problems in anthropology and new directions for research. It will be important reading for everyone interested in anthropology, linguistics, cognitive science, and philosophy.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production in Preeclamptic Pregnancies

Approximately 8% of pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive condition characterized by widespread endothelial dysfunction. 30 output in PE subjects has been inferred but not directly measured, and there is little 31 understanding of why this occurs. To address this we have used direct imaging of changes in 32 [Ca2+]i and NO in umbilical vein endothelium of normal and PE subjects that is still intact and 33 on the vessel luminal surface. This was achieved by dissection and preloading with Fura-2 and 34 DAF-2 imaging dyes, respectively, before subsequent challenge with ATP (100 uM, 30 min). As 35 a control to reveal the content of active eNOS per vessel segment, results were compared to a 36 maximal stimulus with ionomycin (5uM, 30 min). We show for the first time that normal umbilical 37 vein endothelial cells respond to ATP with sustained bursting that parallels sustained NO output. 38 Further, in subjects with PE, a failure of sustained [Ca2+]i bursting occurs in response to ATP 39 and is associated with blunted NO output. In contrast, NO responses to maximal [Ca2+]i 40 elevation using ionomycin and the levels of eNOS protein are more similar between groups than 41 the responses to ATP. When the endothelial cells from PE subjects are isolated and allowed to 42 recover in culture, they regain the ability under Fura-2 imaging to show multiple [Ca2+]i bursts 43 otherwise seen in the cells from normal subjects. Thus novel clinical therapy aimed at restoring 44 function in vivo may be possible.
The Impact of Gender Similarity, Racial Similarity, and Work Culture on Family-Supportive Supervision

This study examines the relationship between demographic similarity in the supervisor-subordinate dyad and family-supportive supervision. The authors found that supervisors provided more family support to subordinates who were similar in either gender or race than to those subordinates who were dissimilar. In addition, family-supportive supervision was highest when subordinates were similar to supervisors in both gender and race. A family-supportive organizational culture was positively related to family-supportive supervision, although contrary to what was predicted, it did not attenuate the effects of gender similarity and racial similarity on family-supportive supervision. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Emergence of Slow-Switching Assemblies in Structured Neuronal Networks

Unraveling the interplay between connectivity and spatio-temporal dynamics in neuronal networks is a key step to advance our understanding of neuronal information processing. Here we investigate how particular features of network connectivity underpin the propensity of neural networks to generate slow-switching assembly (SSA) dynamics, i.e., sustained epochs of increased firing within assemblies of neurons which transition slowly between different assemblies throughout the network. We show that the emergence of SSA activity is linked to spectral properties of the asymmetric synaptic weight matrix. In particular, the leading eigenvalues that dictate the slow dynamics exhibit a gap with respect to the bulk of the spectrum, and the associated Schur vectors exhibit a measure of block-localization on groups of neurons, thus resulting in coherent dynamical activity on those groups. Through simple rate models, we gain analytical understanding of the origin and importance of the spectral gap, and use these insights to develop new network topologies with alternative connectivity paradigms which also display SSA activity. Specifically, SSA dynamics involving excitatory and inhibitory neurons can be achieved by modifying the connectivity patterns between both types of neurons. We also show that SSA activity can occur at multiple timescales reflecting a hierarchy in the connectivity, and demonstrate the emergence of SSA in small-world like networks. Our work provides a step towards understanding how network structure (uncovered through advancements in neuroanatomy and connectomics) can impact on spatio-temporal neural activity and constrain the resulting dynamics.
Insights regarding guanine nucleotide exchange from the structure of a DENN-domain protein complexed with its Rab GTPase substrate

Rab GTPases are key regulators of membrane traffic pathways within eukaryotic cells. They are specifically activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which convert them from their “inactive” GDP-bound form to the “active” GTP-bound form. In higher eukaryotes, proteins containing DENN-domains comprise a major GEF family. Here we describe at 2.1-Å resolution the first structure of a DENN-domain protein, DENND1B-S, complexed with its substrate Rab35, providing novel insights as to how DENN-domain GEFs interact with and activate Rabs. DENND1B-S is bi-lobed, and interactions with Rab35 are through conserved surfaces in both lobes. Rab35 binds via switch regions I and II, around the nucleotide-binding pocket. Positional shifts in Rab residues required for nucleotide binding may lower its affinity for bound GDP, and a conformational change in switch I, which makes the nucleotide-binding pocket more solvent accessible, likely also facilitates exchange.
The impact of a National Curriculum development on teaching and learning behaviours

A study of science classroom behaviours reported by Eggleston et al. (1976) was replicated in 60 secondary school classrooms where the National Curriculum was being followed. Key teacher and pupil characteristics were matched across the two samples, and it was suggested that curriculum change was the most likely factor influencing changes in the teaching and learning processes which were observed. It was found that there was more emphasis upon lower‐order intellectual skills in classrooms where the National Curriculum was being studied. There were also fewer speculative behaviours and fewer behaviours concerned with experimentation. It was shown that a less effective informational instructional strategy was more popular with teachers implementing the National Curriculum, and that instructional strategies which involved practical work were less frequently employed. Participating teachers were asked to give possible reasons for these changes, and it was suggested by many of them that an overburdened curricu.
Effect of negative attributions on depressive symptoms of patients with coronary heart disease after controlling for physical functional impairment.

OBJECTIVES Negative attributional style (NAS), or tendency to explain negative events through internal, stable, and global causes, has proved to be an important predictor of depressive symptoms and poor health, including coronary heart disease (CHD). The goal of this two-wave longitudinal study was to look at whether depressive symptoms are caused by or are a consequence of this style in a sample of patients with CHD while controlling for the effect of physical functional impairment on the development of these symptoms. METHODS Ninety-one patients, who had just suffered a first cardiac episode, were evaluated on NAS, depressive symptoms and functional capacity (measured in metabolic equivalent levels or METs) both on the first and on last day of an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation programme. RESULTS Globality dimension of NAS at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at Time 2 after controlling for both depressive symptoms and METs at Time 1. However, depressive symptoms at Time 1 could not predict any dimension of this style at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS These results seem to support that negative attributions about the disease are one of the causes contributing to the development of depression and not a consequence of it, and also suggest that intervention programme should be aimed not only at reducing depressive symptoms, but also at replacing stable and global attributions of negative situations with more unstable and specific explanations. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION What is already known on this subject? Negative attributional style (NAS) is an important predictor of depressive symptoms.Depressive symptoms worsen the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. What does this study add? Globality dimension predicts depression in patients with CHD after controlling for functional capacity. Negative attributions contribute to the development of depression and are not a consequence of it.
Changing perspectives on inclusive mathematics education: Relationships between research and teacher education

AbstractThis paper focuses on the challenges associated with teaching in inclusive mathematics classrooms and the kinds of experiences that may contribute to the development of knowledge about teaching mathematics in ways that respect student diversity. More particularly, we examine issues related to preparing teachers to include learners with disabilities within mainstream mathematics classes. Recognising the need to adopt a view of difference as difference not deficit, we present an approach that involves building collaborative research partnerships in which teachers and researchers design and analyse inclusive scenarios for mathematics learning. Using an example scenario in which a group of deaf and hearing students explore the mathematical concepts of symmetry and reflection, we point to how this process involved us in re-signifying our views of mathematics and its teaching, in order that we might ‘hear’ and recognise mathematics even when it is expressed in forms that differ from the conventional.
African American Culture and Hypertension Prevention

A qualitative study was done to explore attitudes and beliefs of African Americans regarding hypertension-preventive self-care behaviors. Five focus groups, with 34 participants, were held using interview questions loosely based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Analysis revealed themes broadly consistent with the TPB and also identified an overarching theme labeled “circle of culture. ” The circle is a metaphor for ties that bind individuals within the larger African American community and provides boundaries for culturally acceptable behaviors. Three subthemes were identified: One describes how health behaviors are “passed from generation to generation,” another reflects a sense of being “accountable” to others within the culture, and the third reflects negative views toward people who are “acting different,” moving outside the circle of culture. Findings provide an expanded perspective of the TPB by demonstrating the influence of culture and collective identity on attitude formation and health-related behaviors among African Americans.
Concordance of nutritive myocardial perfusion reserve and flow velocity reserve in conductance vessels in patients with chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries.

We have previously shown that myocardial perfusion can be quantified by positron emission tomography (PET) with 15O-labeled water (H2(15)O), as experimentally validated with radiolabeled microspheres in animal hearts. The purpose of our study was to determine whether myocardial nutritive perfusion reserve assessed with PET in human subjects was parallel to flow velocity reserve assessed in conductance vessels measured with intracoronary Doppler probes. We studied nine patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries with intracoronary Doppler flow velocity assessments before and after administration of 16 micrograms of intracoronary adenosine. We also assessed myocardial nutritive perfusion with PET and H2(15)O before and after intravenous administration of dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg). Perfusion reserve (the ratio of absolute values of myocardial perfusion after dipyridamole administration to perfusion at rest) estimated with PET (3.5 +/- 0.9 s.d.) correlated closely with flow velocity reserve (the ratio of hyperemic intracoronary flow velocity to flow velocity at rest) (3.5 +/- 1.2, r = 0.80, p < 0.01). Absolute values of perfusion assessed tomographically averaged 1.22 +/- 0.19 ml/g/min in patients at rest and 4.16 +/- 0.93 after dipyridamole administration. Our data indicate that noninvasive assessment of myocardial perfusion with PET provides results that parallel intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements. Because PET delineates nutritive perfusion throughout the heart in absolute terms, its use may facilitate detection of impaired coronary arterial function and enhance delineation of the efficacy of potentially therapeutic interventions in patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries.
Gender vs. Sex Differences: Factors Affecting Performance in Geographic Education

Abstract Much has been written about sex differences in learning, but less attention has been paid to the impacts of gender—which is socially constructed—on learning geography. This article investigates whether differences in gender influence performance on a standardized test of geography knowledge. Undergraduate students in two large clases completed a standardized inventory of gender differences and then completed a standardized test of geography knowledge. The results of our analysis of the correlation between gender traits and geographic learning resulted in somewhat unexpected results, as well as a set of complex questions for further research on learning styles in geographic education.
Relapse Prevention with Intellectually Disabled Sexual Offenders

The adaptation of relapse prevention theory to sexual offending (W. D. Pithers, J. K. Marques, C. C. Gibat, & G. A. Marlatt, 1983) has represented an important movement in cognitive-behavioural treatment for sexual offenders. However, this model of relapse prevention has been criticised for its limited view and oversimplification of the relapse prevention process (R. K. Hanson, 2000; T. Ward & S. M. Hudson, 1996). As a result, T. Ward and S. M. Hudson (2000a) have developed a multiple pathway model of the relapse prevention process based on self-regulation theory. Although this model continues to be empirically validated on sexual offenders (J. A. Bickley & A. R. Beech, 2002; T. Ward, S. M. Hudson, & J. C. McCormick, 1999), there has been no empirical research regarding the application of this theory to intellectually disabled sexual offenders. This paper discusses whether the characteristics of offenders in each of the relapse offence pathways, as described by T. Ward and S. M. Hudson (2000a), may be similar to the characteristics of intellectually disabled sexual offenders. From a review of the literature, it appears that the intellectually disabled sexual offender may be most likely to offend via the approach—automatic pathway or the avoidant-passive pathway. The potential treatment implications of the self-regulation model for intellectually disabled sexual offenders is discussed, as well as the need for empirical evaluation with regards to the application of this model to the intellectually disabled sexual offender population.
Reduced vancomycin susceptibility among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates (‘the MIC Creep’): implications for therapy

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as the most common hospital-acquired pathogen and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with other strains. Vancomycin has been the cornerstone of treatment of patients with serious MRSA infections for some decades and while more than 99% of clinical S. aureus isolates remain susceptible to vancomycin, we are beginning to see strains of MRSA with reduced susceptibility. This review discusses this phenomenon, the predictors of infection with such forms of MRSA, and current and future management options.