Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School, Youth Culture and Territorial Stigmatization in Swedish Metropolitan Districts

This article deals with processes of marginalization and patterns of segregation in contemporary Sweden that have transformed the former welfare state. During the 1990s we saw the growth of new forms of poverty in the multi-ethnic suburbs of the metropolitan districts of Sweden. The schools in these suburbs are still wrestling with many problems. If these schools wish to reclaim credibility, one way might be to understand and to learn from the topics and processes embedded in hip-hop, the culture of the young in these areas. Hip-hop has grown and engaged many young people in the multi-cultural neighbourhoods of metropolitan Sweden during the last two decades. The article focuses on how informal learning processes embedded in the cultural praxis of youth empower them to express themselves. In the article these learning processes are contrasted with the formal learning carried on in contemporary suburban schools. The hip-hop culture from these suburbs carries with it a social and political criticism and could in one sense be compared to the cultural aspirations of the labour movement in the early part of last century.
Firm Specific Human Capital Vs. Job Matching: A New Test

We use a unique data set on employee turnover by industry in Arizona to test competing theories of turnover. We find that industries with lower establishment survival rates have more employee turnover, even after controlling for differences in the distribution of employee tenure. This result is consistent with a model of turnover where employees choose how much firm specific human capital to accumulate, but it is inconsistent with job matching models.
The hard TeV spectrum of 1ES 0229+200: new clues from Swift

The BL Lac object 1ES 0229+200 (z= 0.14) has been detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) during observations taking place in 2005–2006. The TeV spectrum, when corrected for the absorption of gamma-ray photons through the interaction with the extragalactic background light, is extremely hard, even if the most conservative level for the background is considered. The case of 1ES 0229+200 is very similar to that of 1ES 1101−232, for which a possible explanation, in the framework of the standard one-zone synchrotron-self Compton (SSC) model, is that the high-energy emission is SSC radiation of electrons distributed as a power law with a large value of the minimum energy. In this scenario, the hard TeV spectrum is accompanied by a very hard synchrotron continuum below the soft X-ray band. We will show that recent Swift observations of 1ES 0229+200 in the critical UV X-ray band support this model, showing the presence of the expected spectral break and hard continuum between the UV and the X-ray bands.
Structure of the Full-Length Major Pilin from Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for Isopeptide Bond Formation in Gram-Positive Bacterial Pili

The surface of the pneumococcal cell is adorned with virulence factors including pili. The major pilin RrgB, which forms the pilus shaft on pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae, comprises four immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, each with a common CnaB topology. The three C-terminal domains are each stabilized by internal Lys-Asn isopeptide bonds, formed autocatalytically with the aid of an essential Glu residue. The structure and orientation of the crucial N-terminal domain, which provides the covalent linkage to the next pilin subunit in the shaft, however, remain incompletely characterised. We report the crystal structure of full length RrgB, solved by X-ray crystallography at 2.8 Å resolution. The N-terminal (D1) domain makes few contacts with the rest of the RrgB structure, and has higher B-factors. This may explain why D1 is readily lost by proteolysis, as are the N-terminal domains of many major pilins. D1 is also found to have a triad of Lys, Asn and Glu residues in the same topological positions as in the other domains, yet mass spectrometry and the crystal structure show that no internal isopeptide bond is formed. We show that this is because β-strand G of D1, which carries the Asn residue, diverges from β-strand A, carrying the Lys residue, such that these residues are too far apart for bond formation. Strand G also carries the YPKN motif that provides the essential Lys residue for the sortase-mediated intermolecular linkages along the pilus shaft. Interaction with the sortase and formation of the intermolecular linkage could result in a change in the orientation of this strand, explaining why isopeptide bond formation in the N-terminal domains of some major pilins appears to take place only upon assembly of the pili.
Comfort and Struggle: Emotion Work in Family Life

Though family life is typically associated with emotion rather than work, the concept of emotion work reveals the effort behind family feeling. Existing literature on family emotion work emphasizes caregiving and interpersonal support—activities associated with the housewife ideal of the industrial age. This article examines not only such caregiving and support activities but also several other forms of emotion work that become visible when we consider families whose lives diverge from this privileged ideal.
Attributes for Characterizing the Evolution of Architectural Design Decisions

Software architecture has been widely used to describe the design of a software system. Its maintenance over time can be costly, especially when maintainers have to recover software architecture knowledge due to poor design documentation. Capturing design decisions is one important aspect in documenting design and even though there has been some work in this area, there has been little emphasis on the evolution of design decisions. In this paper, we analyze design decision models and the issues of not capturing evolving decisions. To tackle these issues, we propose a set of decision attributes that can be used to support evolving decision models.
Modality in language development: a reconsideration of the evidence *

The set of English modal verbs is widely recognised to communicate two broad clusters of meanings: epistemic and root modal meanings. A number of researchers have claimed that root meanings are acquired earlier than epistemic ones; this claim has subsequently been employed in the linguistics literature as an argument for the position that English modal verbs are polysemous (Sweetser 1990). In this paper I offer an alternative explanation for the later emergence of epistemic interpretations by liniking them to the development of the child's theory of mind (Wellman 1990). If correct, this hypothesis might have important implications for the shape of the semantics of modal verbs.
Does The Mitral Annulus Shrink or Enlarge During Systole? A Real-Time 3D Echocardiography Study

This study was conducted to explore the geometrical changes of the mitral annulus during systole. The 3D shape of the mitral annulus was reconstructed in 13 normal subjects who had normal structure of the mitral apparatus using real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) and 3D computer software. The two orthogonal (antero-posterior and commissure-commissure) dimensions, the areas (2D projected and 3D surface) and the non-planarity of the mitral annulus were estimated during early, mid and late systole. We demonstrated that the MA had a "saddle shape" appearance and it consistently enlarged mainly in the antero-posterior direction from early to late systole with lessening of its non-planarity, as was determined by 3D reconstruction using RT3DE and 3D computer software.
Co-ordination of multiple external representations during Java program debugging

Java program debugging was investigated in computer science students who used a software debugging environment (SDE) that provided concurrently displayed, adjacent, multiple and linked representations consisting of the program code, a visualisation of the program, and its output. The aim of this investigation was to address questions such as 'To what extent do programmers use each type of representation? ', 'Are particular patterns of representation use associated with superior debugging performance? ', 'Are graphical representations more helpful to Java programmers than textual ones? ' and 'Are representations that highlight data structure more useful than those that highlight control-flow for Java debugging?
Linking the study of schooling and mental health: Selected issues and empirical illustrations at..

In this article, we explore (a) why it is important to study educational and mental health issues simultaneously, (b) why academic problems and particular manifestations of emotional distress co-occur in some children, and (c) how the context of school may influence both academic and emotional outcomes in children. We conclude with recommendations for future research on schooling and mental health issues.
Early Adolescents' Friendship Patterns in Middle School: Social–Emotional and Academic Implications

Abstract This research examined the interactions between friendship patterns, school achievement, coping skills, self-concept and the classroom learning environment for 182 early adolescents, mean age 13 years 5 months (47.25% male). Participants completed the Friendship Nomination Form. The second phase of data collection focused on adolescents with high or low friendship ratings, who then completed four social and two academic measures. The social measures were: (1) Friendship Quality Scale (FQS; Bukowski, Hoza, & Boivin, 1994), (2) Self-Description Questionnaire II–Short Form (Marsh, 1990), (3) Coping Strategy Indicator–Short Form (CSI-S; Amirkhan, 1990) and (4) What is Happening in this Classroom Scale (WIHIC; Fraser, Fisher, & McRobbie, 1996). Adolescents with more friends reported more companionship and help from friends. Those with fewer friends perceived their classroom to be less cohesive and less cooperative. Females reported more closeness and friendship commitment than males. Friendship patterns had a significant influence on students' English achievement but not their mathematics achievement. The implications of the findings for school professional are discussed.
Silent bodies: Childfree women’s gendered and embodied experiences

This article reports from the first studies on voluntary childlessness in Sweden and addresses a so far neglected issue – the embodied experiences of childfree women. These childfree women reject and resist pronatalist understandings that conflate being a woman with being a mother. However, instead of explaining their childlessness by external factors, mentioned in previous research, the interviewed women created a positive feminine identity separated from motherhood with reference to their ‘silent bodies’, i.e. bodies without a biological urge to reproduce. Reducing voluntary childlessness to a mere result of biological determinism, the article argues, establishes a legitimate, natural position, less provocative and stigmatized in a pronatalist society. Nevertheless, paradoxically, drawing on biological determinism both challenges and reinstates pronatalism as it builds on the simultaneous acceptance of, and detachment from, the biological reproductive urge. The study hence highlights how persistent the social and cultural link between motherhood and womanhood is, but also how this relationship can be challenged.
The Relation of Brain Behavioral Systems, D Personality Type, Anger and Hostility in People with Gum Disease

Article history: Received: 4 Dec 2011 Accepted: 22 Dec 2011 Available online: 12 Feb 2013 ZJRMS 2014; 16 (5): 31-36 Background: Gum disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gum structures. Given the importance of psychological factors and their impact on physical condition such as gum disease, the aim of this study was to investigate D personality type, brain behavioral systems and anger and hostility in people with gum disease. Materials and Methods: In this causal-comparative study, 50 women with and 50 women without gum disease (age range from 14 to 37) were selected using purposive sampling method and completed the questionnaires of multidimensional anger (Sigel, 1986), D personality type scale, Behavioral inhibition/activation system. MANOVA was used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that groups had significant differences in behavioral inhibition system, behavioral activation system and its components (response to drives, fun seeking, reward responsiveness), D personality type and its components (negative affectivity, social inhibition), anger-arousal, hostile attitude and anger-in (p<0.05), but there were no differences in anger arousing situations and anger-out between them. Conclusion: People with gum disease score higher in BIS, and lower in BAS than normal people, and score higher in D personality type and its components, anger-arousal, hostile outlook, and anger-in. This suggests that psychological factors play a significant role in developing and continuing gum disease and possibly other psychosomatic disorders. So this study focuses on the decisive role of psychological treatments in prevention and promotion of physical and psychological health of people. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
An Examination of Self-Leadership Performance Mechanism Model in Thai Private Organization

The objective of this study was to examine self-leadership performancemechanism model by analyzing the relationship between self-leadership,psychological empowerment, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performance.The samples were 577 employees from one private company in Bangkok. Datacollection was done through questionnaires and data acquired fromquestionnaires were analyzed by using structural equation modeling analysis.Study results showed that the measurement model of self leadership which had asecond-order factor structure was retained as the best fit model with datacollected from the samples, and was better than other measurement models.In addition, the relationship model between latent variables of self-leadership,psychological empowerment, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job performancewere tested well by the researcher as the best fit model with data collected fromthe samples; in which self leadership directly affected psychological empowerment,self-efficacy and job performance, and indirectly affected job performance. Keywords: self-leadership, psychological empowerment, self-efficacy, jobsatisfaction, job performance, self-leadership performance mechanism model
Instruction of Jump-Landing Technique Using Videotape Feedback

Background Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs have used videotapes of jump-landing technique as a key instructional component to improve landing performance. Hypothesis All videotape feedback model groups will increase knee flexion angles at initial contact and overall knee flexion motion and decrease peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak proximal anterior tibial shear forces to a greater extent than will a nonfeedback group. The secondary hypothesis is that the videotape feedback using the combination of the expert and self models will create the greatest change in each variable. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Knee kinematics and kinetics of college-aged recreational athletes randomly placed in 3 different videotape feedback model groups (expert only, self only, combination of expert and self) and a nonfeedback group were collected while participants performed a basketball jump-landing task on 3 testing occasions. Results All feedback groups significantly increased knee angular displacement flexion angles [F(6,70) = 8.03, P =. 001] and decreased peak vertical ground reaction forces [F(6,78) = 2.68, P =. 021] during performance and retention tests. The self and combination groups significantly increased knee angular displacement flexion angles more than the control group did; the expert model group did not change significantly more than the control group did. All feedback groups and the nonfeedback group significantly reduced peak vertical forces across performance and retention tests. There were no statistically significant changes in knee flexion angle at initial ground contact (P =. 111) and peak proximal anterior tibial shear forces (P =. 509) for both testing sessions for each group. Conclusion The use of self or combination videotape feedback is most useful for increasing knee angular displacement flexion angles and reducing peak vertical forces during landing. Clinical Relevance The use of self or combination modeling is more effective than is expert-only modeling for the implementation of instructional programs aimed at reducing the risk of jump-landing anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Reproducibility of Histological Assessment of Carotid Plaque: Implications for Studies of Carotid Imaging

Background: Thromboembolism from carotid plaque is an important cause of stroke. Identification of unstable plaque would therefore be clinically useful. Unfortunately, studies of carotid plaque imaging have shown poor agreement with histology. However, this may be due to inconsistent methods and the variability of assessments of carotid plaque histology, rather than inadequate imaging. Methods: We assessed the reproducibility of histological assessment in 60 plaques, and section-to-section variability along the length of 26 plaques. Results: Kappa values ranged from 0.35 to 0.89 and from 0.44 to 0.68, respectively, for intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. There was considerable section-to-section variability within plaques. Conclusions: The accuracy of imaging of carotid plaque morphology will be underestimated unless variability in the histology assessment is taken into account.
Recombinant activated factor VII in the treatment of non‐haemophilia patients: physician under‐reporting of thromboembolic adverse events

summary The objective of this study was to determine if clinically important thromboembolic adverse events (TAEs) because of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) administration are being under‐reported. rFVIIa is a potent haemostatic agent with a short half‐life of 2·6 h that is increasingly used in ‘off‐label’ situations. Retrospective review of 94 patients who received rFVIIa during 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2007 was carried out at a tertiary care centre. Sixty‐nine patients, 32 females and 37 males, mean age 55 years (18–84 years), satisfied study criteria of off‐label usage. This was a high‐risk population with 33 (48%) deaths. A mean dose of 8·2 mg (2·4–19·2 mg) was administered in two average divided doses. Thirty‐six potential TAEs were identified in 29 patients, and of these, 12 patients had TAEs deemed to be rFVIIa related and were identified on average 8·8 days after exposure to rFVIIa. Forty‐eight (70%) physician questionnaires were completed; however, no TAEs were reported in these questionnaires or on chart review. Potential clinically significant TAEs are being under‐reported by treating physicians. Until further evidence, we suggest the urgent need to develop consensus recommendations for utilization and required follow up to monitor the safety of rFVIIa and that at a minimum, all use of rFVIIa should be regulated through a gate‐keeping mechanism that ensures adherence to these policies. Furthermore, prospective registries and trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa in off‐label settings.
Enhancing Education for Deaf Children: Research into Practice and Back Again

Abstract Decades of research on educational and basic scientific questions relating to deaf children have yielded a wealth of knowledge about how they learn and develop as thinking, social, problem-solving individuals. However, we currently lack channels for communication from teachers to researchers about the priorities in education and from researchers to teachers about scientific progress that might be effectively utilized in the learning context. As a result, research often fails to address educational priorities, knowledge gained from relevant investigations is rarely translated into practice, and decision-making is often governed by administrative expedience rather than evidence. To address this situation, this paper identifies the current research priorities relating to deaf education and research outcomes that appear likely to have a significant impact on the development of educational practice. Practitioner priorities also are identified, and explanations for the gap between research and practice are analyzed. Ways in which the gaps between research and practice can be addressed are proposed. The goal is to provide a catalyst for broad-based discussions about how to include teachers in educational research planning and create genuine and effective partnerships between researchers and teachers to enhance educational outcomes for deaf pupils.
Perceived Academic Quality and Approaches to Studying in Higher Education: Evidence from Danish Students of Occupational Therapy

It has been well established that there is an intimate relationship between individual students’ perceptions of the academic quality of their courses and the approaches to studying that they adopt on those courses. Entwistle and Ramsden predicted that the relationship would be even stronger at the aggregate (cohort) level. The Course Experience Questionnaire and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory were completed by 19 cohorts of students at seven schools of occupational therapy in Denmark. The overlap in variance between their scores on the two instruments was 39.5% at the individual level and 89.0% at the cohort level, supporting Entwistle and Ramsden’s prediction. The pattern of relationships was different in the two cases, suggesting that the underlying causal relationships might be different, too.
A 5-Year Observational Study of Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression Treated With Vagus Nerve Stimulation or Treatment as Usual: Comparison of Response, Remission, and Suicidality.

OBJECTIVE The Treatment-Resistant Depression Registry investigated whether adjunctive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with treatment as usual in depression has superior long-term outcomes compared with treatment as usual only. METHOD This 5-year, prospective, open-label, nonrandomized, observational registry study was conducted at 61 U.S. sites and included 795 patients who were experiencing a major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar depression) of at least 2 years' duration or had three or more depressive episodes (including the current episode), and who had failed four or more depression treatments (including ECT). Patients with a history of psychosis or rapid-cycling bipolar disorder were excluded. The primary efficacy measure was response rate, defined as a decrease of ≥50% in baseline Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score at any postbaseline visit during the 5-year study. Secondary efficacy measures included remission. RESULTS Patients had chronic moderate to severe depression at baseline (the mean MADRS score was 29.3 [SD=6.9] for the treatment-as-usual group and 33.1 [SD=7.0] for the adjunctive VNS group). The registry results indicate that the adjunctive VNS group had better clinical outcomes than the treatment-as-usual group, including a significantly higher 5-year cumulative response rate (67.6% compared with 40.9%) and a significantly higher remission rate (cumulative first-time remitters, 43.3% compared with 25.7%). A subanalysis demonstrated that among patients with a history of response to ECT, those in the adjunctive VNS group had a significantly higher 5-year cumulative response rate than those in the treatment-as-usual group (71.3% compared with 56.9%). A similar significant response differential was observed among ECT nonresponders (59.6% compared with 34.1%). CONCLUSIONS This registry represents the longest and largest naturalistic study of efficacy outcomes in treatment-resistant depression, and it provides additional evidence that adjunctive VNS has enhanced antidepressant effects compared with treatment as usual in this severely ill patient population.