Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creative leaders promote creative organizations

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of leaders’ creativity as a predictor of organizational creativity. The authors expected that creative leaders would promote creativity directly by functioning as a model and inspiration for their followers and indirectly by promoting a creativity-supporting work climate. Design/methodology/approach - The research was conducted in organizations within the restaurant sector; the data were obtained using questionnaires to employees and leaders ( Findings - Significant positive associations were found between leaders’ creative behavior, organizational creative climates, and organizational creative behavior. Mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between leaders’ creative behavior and organizational creativity was mediated by organizational creative climate. Practical implications - The results may provide useful guidelines for organizations that put emphasis on creativity, both for leader recruitment and leader development. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the creativity literature since it is one of the first to explore leader personality and leader creative behavior as predictors of creativity in organizations.
Effect of Audience Personality Traits on Reality Show Watching Motives

The relationship between viewer personality and reality show watching has been a point of discussion among media researchers but has been rarely tested. The authors in the present study explore: (i) Reality Show Watching Motives (RSWM) of viewers, (ii) further investigates the impact of viewer personality on RSWM in a developing nation context. The authors followed mixed method approach to this end. A qualitative approach was applied to investigate consumer perceptions about reality shows and generate RSWM items. This was followed by a large scale survey to relate viewer personality to RSWM. Structural equation modelling was applied to generate findings in the quantitative phase. Five RSWM dimensions emerged from the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Consumer personality was found to have a significant impact on RSWM dimensions. However, there was variation on the effect of individual personality dimensions on individual RSWM dimensions. The study has theoretical and managerial implications.
The role of leadership in small scale educational change

By investigating the factors facilitating and hindering a small scale educational change, this study highlights the crucial role of leadership in designing and implementing an educational change at a transnational university in Vietnam. During its initiation stage, the programme leaders seemed to fail to (1) set up a clear schedule for changing, (2) assist external advisory groups in providing training sessions and (3) clarify the responsibilities of external advisory groups. At the implementation stage, programme leaders and teachers were less likely to (1) develop the collective knowledge and understandings required for ongoing instructional improvement, (2) adjust the teaching quality control system and (3) cooperate with advisory groups. The lessons that can be learned include (1) mutual trust between stakeholders is vital to its successful implementation as it may determine the level of efforts stakeholders would make, (2) preparations should include clarifying stakeholders' responsibilities and the accountability system and (3) the external advisory groups need to be properly managed from the very beginning of the change.
Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographs

Lacking realistic ground truth data, image denoising techniques are traditionally evaluated on images corrupted by synthesized i.i. d. Gaussian noise. We aim to obviate this unrealistic setting by developing a methodology for benchmarking denoising techniques on real photographs. We capture pairs of images with different ISO values and appropriately adjusted exposure times, where the nearly noise-free low-ISO image serves as reference. To derive the ground truth, careful post-processing is needed. We correct spatial misalignment, cope with inaccuracies in the exposure parameters through a linear intensity transform based on a novel heteroscedastic Tobit regression model, and remove residual low-frequency bias that stems, e.g., from minor illumination changes. We then capture a novel benchmark dataset, the Darmstadt Noise Dataset (DND), with consumer cameras of differing sensor sizes. One interesting finding is that various recent techniques that perform well on synthetic noise are clearly outperformed by BM3D on photographs with real noise. Our benchmark delineates realistic evaluation scenarios that deviate strongly from those commonly used in the scientific literature.
Migration, Acculturation, and Environmental Values: The Case of Mexican Immigrants in Central Iowa

Human–environment geography and geographic research on migration have largely been treated as separate scholarly spheres. Meanwhile, even as recent immigration exerts dynamic changes on American culture, relatively little scholarly work addresses immigrants’ attitudes toward environmental issues. In this article, we address the following questions: How do Mexican immigrants perceive and understand the environment and environmental problems? How do environmental values shift or become modified during the process of acculturation in the United States? To answer these questions, we use the results of surveys conducted with Mexican immigrants and their kin in central Iowa. We develop an interdisciplinary theoretical framework based on a modified concept of “environmentality” that incorporates insights from research on environmental values, immigration and acculturation, political ecology, and environmental justice. Based on this analysis, we find that immigrants become socialized to new norms, in part, through environmental practices. They are readily accepting of some U.S. norms around environmental thought and behavior (especially with respect to maintaining public spaces) but critical of others (e.g., the excessive materialism of American consumerism and its impacts on the environment and society). Immigrants draw on their experience of life in Mexico as they acculturate to find the right balance between protecting the environment and looking after human needs.
The Spanish Developmental Contrastive Spelling Test: An Instrument for Investigating Intra-Linguistic and Crosslinguistic Influences on Spanish-Spelling Development

Abstract This article describes the development of a Spanish-spelling measure designed to assess the progress made by Spanish-English bilingual children from Grade 2 to Grade 5. Different stages of measure development are described, such as the selection of the focus features, the pilot phase of the assessment, and the finalizing of the operational version. Two underlying attributes characterize the spelling measure described here. First, it is developmental, meaning that it contains a wide variety of features and items that differ according to spelling difficulty, such that the assessment is able to measure the growth of Spanish-spelling ability over the full sequence of the upper elementary grades. Second, it is contrastive, as it was designed to detect some areas of potential crosslinguistic influence from English to Spanish. The combination of these two characteristics makes this spelling measure a unique tool for assessing the development of spelling ability by Spanish-English bilingual children.
Students' Gender and Ability Levels Impact on the Acquisition of Two French Verb Tenses

The usage of passé composé and imparfait is one of the most challenging topics in French grammar for anglophone learners. Based on the aspect hypothesis formulated by Andersen and Shirai (1994), this study explored the patterns of errors made by higher-ability as opposed to average-ability students and male vs. female students with different abilities in the acquisition of the two French tenses. A model for predicting the difficulty of test items related to passé composé and imparfait was previously devised by Nikolova (2009). The current article further develops the ideas in the above-mentioned study and examines similar data from a more pedagogical point of view. It brings forth evidence that female students scored better than males on prototypical usage of the tenses and females of high ability outperformed all other groups on instances of their nonprototypical usage. The study discusses these results in light of findings on giftedness, gender, and second-language acquisition. It suggests ideas for differentiating instruction for various groups of students attempting to master this grammatical topic.
The State of the Debate About Children's Disclosure Patterns in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

In current research studies about the disclosure patterns of sexually abused children, experts agree that most victims delay disclosure for years, often until adulthood. Researchers disagree about disclosure rates and recantation rates among children during formal interviews. Studies of children who had not previously disclosed but are known through corroborative evidence to have been sexually abused show lower rates of disclosure than do studies of children who had disclosed prior to the formal interview. Gradual disclosures among children are common, and more than a single interview may be necessary in some cases. Prior disclosure, level of support by non-offending parents, developmental level, and relationship to perpetrator affect children's rates of disclosure and their disclosure patterns. More research is necessary to clarify children's post-disclosure recantation rates and predictors.
Cost-effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor monotherapy in elderly type 2 diabetes patients in Thailand

Background The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in elderly population poses many challenges. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors show particular promise due to excellent tolerability profiles, low risk of hypoglycemia, and little effect on body weight. This study evaluated, from the health care system’s perspective, the long-term cost-effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy vs metformin and sulfonylurea (SFU) monotherapy in Thai elderly T2DM patients. Methods The clinical efficacy was estimated from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Baseline cohort characteristics and cost parameters were obtained from published studies and hospital databases in Thailand. A validated IMS CORE Diabetes Model version 8.5 was used to project clinical and economic outcomes over a lifetime horizon using a 3% annual discount rate. Costs were expressed in 2014 Thai Baht (THB) (US dollar value). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Base-case assumptions were assessed through several sensitivity analyses. Results For treating elderly T2DM patients, DPP-4 inhibitors were more expensive and less effective, ie, a dominated strategy, than the metformin monotherapy. Compared with SFU, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors gained 0.031 more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a total cost incurred over THB113,701 or US$3,449.67, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of THB3.63 million or US$110,133.50 per QALY. At the acceptable Thai ceiling threshold of THB160,000/QALY (US$4,854.37/QALY), DPP-4 inhibitors were not a cost-effective treatment. Conclusion DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy is not a cost-effective treatment for elderly T2DM patients compared with metformin monotherapy and SFU monotherapy, given current resource constraints in Thailand.
Parenting practices, social skills and peer relationships in adolescence

The influence of parents on their offsprings’ peer relations is not limited to childhood but continues throughout the adolescent years. Little is, however, known about which mechanisms link adolescent functioning in family and peer systems. This study focuses on social skills as a mediator between characteristics of the parent-child relationship and peer relations. Data from a cross-sectional study among 508 12-18-year olds were used for analyses. Findings showed that adolescents’ social skills mediated the effects of some parental practices, such as responsiveness, autonomy, cohesion, as well as parental attachment on the degree of peer activity, the attachment to peers and perceived social support from peers to some extent. Nonetheless, direct parental influence on peer relations remained apparent after controlling for the effects of social skills. No effects of gender and age were found. The overall picture is that social skills of adolescents as well as parenting factors, parental attachment and family climate are associated with the quality and intensity of peer relations.
EVIDENCE FOR A PARSEC-SCALE JET FROM THE GALACTIC CENTER BLACK HOLE: INTERACTION WITH LOCAL GAS

Despite strong physical reasons that they should exist and decades of searching, jets from the Galactic center black hole, Sgr A*, have not yet been convincingly detected. Based on high-resolution Very Large Array images and ultra-deep imaging-spectroscopic data produced by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we report new evidence for the existence of a parsec-scale jet from Sgr A*, by associating a linear feature G359.944−0.052, previously identified in X-ray images of the Galactic center, with a radio shock front on the Eastern Arm of the Sgr A West H ii region. We show that the shock front can be explained in terms of the impact of a jet having a sharp momentum peak along the Galaxy's rotation axis, whereas G359.944−0.052, a quasi-steady feature with a power-law spectrum, can be understood as synchrotron radiation from shock-induced ultra-relativistic electrons cooling in a finite post-shock region downstream along the jet path. Several interesting implications of the jet properties are discussed.
The language play of kindergarten children

Play has long been hypothesized to serve important social, emotional and cognitive functions. Although the existence of language play has been documented, the types and functions of language play in naturalistic settings have received scant attention. In this study, children's classroom language play and its relationship to measures of literacy and metalinguistic develop ment were examined. Twenty kindergarten children were observed and audiotaped for one hour. Following the observation period, children were administered the Test of Early Reading Ability (TERA), a word definition task and a riddle explication task. Language play was found in more than 23% of children's utterances and was positively correlated with the riddle explication task. Children's ability to explicate riddles correlated positively with their TERA scores. Young children's language play represents an important aspect of their metalinguistic and literacy development.
A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes.

The purported advantage of a strong corporate culture presumes that positive outcomes result when peoples' values are congruent with those of others. This was tested by using a design that controlled for artifacts in prior studies. Participants, 191 production workers, their supervisors (N = 17), and 13 managers at a large industrial products plant, completed questionnaires containing measures of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and work values. Responses were later matched with the attendance and performance records of the production workers in the sample. Results showed that workers were more satisfied and committed when their values were congruent with the values of their supervisor, \felue congruence between workers and their supervisors was not significantly correlated with workers' tenure; however, its effect on organizational commitment was more pronounced for longer tenured employees. The topic of corporate culture has recently captured the interest of practicing managers as well as academic researchers. This appeal is based on the general observation that organizations with strong cultures exhibit superior overall performance (Barney, 1986; Deal & Kennedy, 1982; Kilmann, 1984; Peters & Waterman, 1982). Further evidence for this conclusion has come from accounts of the Japanese system of management (Ouchi, 1981; Pascale & Athos, 1981). These descriptions attribute the high levels of motivation and involvement of Japanese workers, at least in part, to their adoption of the dominant values and company philosophies held by their organizations (Schein, 1981). The superior performance of firms with strong corporate cultures has been ascribed to their use of socialization and other techniques to emphasize specific core values that, when shared by employees (Barney, 1986; Tichy, 1983), are thought to perform certain crucial functions. Schein (1985) has succinctly described these functions as external adaptation and internal integration. In fostering external adaptation, holding these core values is believed to influence employees to behave in ways that are necessary for the organization to survive in its environment. In this mode, values are thought to have a direct effect on the behavior of individuals in the workplace. The role of values in internal integration is quite different,
Anticonvulsant Activities of the FS‐1 Subfraction Isolated from Roots of Delphinium denudatum

Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Ranunculaceae) is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of epilepsy in the subcontinent. The present study reports the anticonvulsant activities in the maximal electroshock test (MEST) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline (BIC), picrotoxin (PIC)‐induced seizures of the FS‐1 subfraction (FS‐1) that was obtained by purification of an aqueous fraction isolated from the roots of D. denudatum. In CF 1 mice, FS‐1 (600 mg/kg i.p.) exhibited very potent anticonvulsant activity that was comparable to the effects of the well‐known antiepileptic drug phenytoin (20 mg/kg) in MEST and protected 100% animals from hind limb tonic extension phase of this model. FS‐1 also suppressed PTZ‐induced threshold seizure and the loss of the righting reflex with tonic fore and hind limb extension by 100%, similar to the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (350 mg/kg). BIC‐induced seizures were suppressed in 80% of the animals. FS‐1 exhibited weak anticonvulsant effect on PIC‐induced seizures, however, it significantly reduced mortality and delayed the onset of seizures. FS‐1 had no effect on strychnine (STN)‐induced extensor seizures. The results demonstrate the broad and potent anticonvulsant activity of the compounds in FS‐1 of D. denudatum. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytopathology of Extracranial Ectopic and Metastatic Meningiomas

Introduction: Extracranial meningiomas may infrequently be encountered as ectopic or metastatic tumors. Their rarity and unique cytomorphology often pose significant diagnostic dilemmas. The aim of this study was to report our experience with a series of ectopic and metastatic meningiomas, characterizing their cytomorphology with histological correlation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis involving 13 patients with cytological preparations from extracranial meningiomas was performed. Cytology cases were correlated with available surgical resection specimens. Data regarding clinical findings, tumor information, cytomorphology, follow-up histological features and immunohistochemistry were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 5 cases with metastases and 8 ectopic meningiomas. Metastases occurred in the scalp/skull, lung, paraspinal soft tissue and liver. Primary ectopic meningiomas were located in the paranasal sinuses and ear, orbit and neck. Cytomorphological features characteristic of meningiomas were identified in the majority of samples including tightly cohesive clusters of spindled cells, whorls, intranuclear inclusions, nuclear grooves and psammomatous calcification. Unusual cytomorphological features identified in only a few cases included epithelioid cell predominance, abundant inflammatory cells, small-cell change, papillary structures and pseudoacinar growth. Metastatic tumors exhibited more nuclear atypia and occasionally mitoses or necrosis. Meningiomas were shown to be immunoreactive for epithelial membrane antigen, pancytokeratin and vimentin. Conclusion: Although rare, extracranial meningiomas can be encountered in cytologic specimens and should be included in the differential diagnosis when characteristic morphological features of meningiomas are seen. Cytopathologists should be aware that these lesions could be mistaken for other tumors, especially when confounded by atypia and unusual cytomorphological features.
Presentation, etiology, and outcome of stroke in pregnancy and puerperium.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presentation, timing, etiology, and outcome of ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) occurring during pregnancy and puerperium at 3 Indianapolis hospitals. METHODS Medical records of patients with a stroke during pregnancy and the puerperium were identified by using International Classification of Diseases (ICD 9) codes and a computerized records database. The records were available from 1992 to 1999 at 2 of the hospitals and from 1994 to 1999 at the third hospital. The records were retrospectively reviewed for presentation, treatment, etiology, and outcome. The sample included all cases of IS, HS, and CVT occurring in our pregnant population and included events up to 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were identified, including 21 with IS, 11 with HS, and 4 patients with CVT. The majority of events (89%) occurred in the third trimester and postpartum period, and 16 of 36 (44%) events occurred in postpartum week 1. Of the 8 African American patients in our study, 5 had HS (63%), whereas 18 of the 25 white patients (72%) had IS. A definable cause was identified in 72% of IS and 82% of HS. Some causes of IS include pre-eclampsia or eclampsia (13%), cardioembolism (23%), and a diverse array of other causes, include hypercoagulable states, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), cerebral vasculitis, cerebrovascular mucormycosis, and migrainous infarction. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (37%) and ruptured atriovenous malformation (AVM) (36%) were the primary causes of HS. None of the cases of CVT had a clear etiology other than the pregnant or puerperal state, although risk factors included systemic lupus erythematosus (negative antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant) in 1 patient and dehydration in a second. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were the most common comorbid conditions in both IS and HS, affecting 45% of those with IS and 64% of patients with HS. IS presented with focal deficits (76%), whereas HS tended to present with an altered level of consciousness (73%) and headache (64%). All patients with CVT (4/4) presented with a headache, and 2 of 4 patients presented with an altered level of consciousness. The majority of patients with HS were discharged to nursing homes or rehabilitation centers (63%), whereas 73% of patients with IS and 3 of 4 patients with CVT were discharged home. Only 1 death occurred in our study, because of a brain herniation after a massive hemispheric IS. CONCLUSION The etiology of stroke in pregnancy and the puerperium is diverse. Strokes are most likely to occur in the third trimester and postpartum period and cluster in the first postpartum week.