Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensor products and restrictions in type A

The goal of this article is to give an exposition of some recent results on tensor products and restrictions for rational representations of the general linear group in positive characteristic. The exposition is based on our papers [11, 12, 13]. We also outline the relations with the LLT algorithm and the ideal structure of the group algebra of the finitary symmetric group. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20G05, 20C30
Inter-Organizational Groups: A New Context for Examining the Triggers of Group Conflict

Although groups have historically played an important role in organizational life, the proliferation of technology has facilitated the ability of individuals to span multiple boundaries, including geographic, temporal, functional, and organizational. Although group research has begun to investigate many of these boundaries, very little research has explicitly examined the effect of the organizational boundary on group processes and outcomes. The research in this paper was designed to begin understanding how the inherent structure and external nature of inter-organizational teams effects group conflict processes.
Aspects of Grief : Bereavement in Adult Life

"Aspects of Grief" provides a comprehensive view of adult bereavement and the grieving process. Beginning with a consideration of western attitudes to death and the dying it shows how such attitudes inevitably affect the experience of bereavement. The importance of death-related rituals is examined as is the impact of the decline in funeral rites in western culture. The experiences associated with bereavement and the complications which may arise are considered and the importance of social support in terms of bereavement outcome is fully investigated. The book also focuses on specific circumstances surrounding deaths, the various facets of adult relationships, and how both can be associated with complicated and uncomplicated grief. These issues are addressed in conjunction with a consideration of the deaths of parents, partners and children. This book should be of interest to students and practioners of psychology, psychiatry, social work and sociology.
Supersymmetric Analysis of a Simplified Two Dimensional Anderson Model at Small Disorder

This work proposes a very simple random matrix model, the Flip Matrix Model, liable to approximate the behavior of a two dimensional electron in a weak random potential. Its construction is based on a phase space analysis, a suitable discretization and a simplification of the true model. The density of states of this model is investigated using the supersymmetric method and shown to be given, in the limit of large size of the matrix by the usual Wigner's semi-circle law.
Fuzzy logic based vector control for three-phase induction motor

This article proposes a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy (TSF) controller for vector control method applied in three-phase induction motor control. The conventional vector control method has two PI current controllers. With the aim to reduce the quantity of these controllers, it is proposed a unique fuzzy controller to substitute both PI controllers. The performance of the proposed TSF controller is analyzed through several test. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed TSF controller ensures decoupling current control and low current ripple, validating the TSF controller.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM SWINE EFFLUENT APPLICATION ON SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES

Improving swine effluent management practices requires understanding of the fate of nutrients derived from swine effluent in soil quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term swine lagoon effluent application on nutrient distribution in an alkaline Okolona silty clay, an acidic Vaiden silty clay, and a Brooksville silty clay loam. Swine effluent has been applied using a center-pivot irrigation system at a total rate ranging from 10 to 15 cm ha−1 of effluent per year since 1990. In October 2005, soil samples were taken from the irrigated and nonirrigated sites at the following depths: 0 to 5, 5 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm. Soils were air-dried, ground to pass 2-mm sieve, and analyzed for selected chemical properties. Sorption isotherms were also performed on the soil samples to determine P sorption capacity and strength. Long-term application of swine effluent resulted in a decrease in soil pH and an increase in soil electrical conductivity in all three soils. Total soil C and microbial biomass C increased in irrigated sites for all soils. Soil ammonium, nitrate, acid-extractable P, water-soluble P, and Zn concentrations were elevated at the 0- to 5-cm and 5- to 15-cm depths, and their values were extremely lower in the alkaline Okolona soil than in the Brooksville and Vaiden soils. No clear effect was observed for P sorption strength and capacity. Low N and P accumulation in alkaline Okolona soil may prolong the capacity of this soil in receiving swine effluent particularly if threshold water-soluble P and soil test P levels are used as part of swine effluent management program.
Attention Metaphors: How Metaphors Guide the Cognitive Psychology of Attention

The concept of attention is defined by multiple inconsistent metaphors that scientists use to identify relevant phenomena, frame hypotheses, construct experiments, and interpret data. (1) The Filter metaphor shapes debates about partial vs. complete filtering, early vs. late selection, and information filtering vs. enhancement. (2) The Spotlight metaphor raises the issue of space- vs. object-based selection, and it guides research on the size, shape, and movement of the attentional focus. (3) The Spotlight-in-the-Brain metaphor is frequently used to interpret imaging studies of attention. (4) The debate between supramodal and pre-motor theories of attention replays the dichotomy between the Spotlight and the Vision metaphors of attention. Our analysis reveals the central role of metaphor in scientific theory and research on attention, exposes hidden assumptions behind various research strategies, and shows the need for flexibility in the use of current metaphors.
Are urinary levels of high mobility group box 1 markers of active nephritis in anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis?

The objective of this study is to evaluate urinary high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels as markers for active nephritis in patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) in comparison with urinary CD4+ effector memory T cells and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). Twenty‐four AAV patients with active nephritis and 12 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. In nine patients, samples were also obtained during remission. Urinary levels of HMGB1 were measured by Western blot. CD4+ T cells and CD4+ effector memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+CCR7‐) were determined in urine and whole blood by flow cytometry. Measurement of urinary levels of MCP‐1 and serum HMGB1 levels were performed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AAV patients with active nephritis had higher median intensity of HMGB1 in urine than HC [10·3 (7·05–18·50) versus 5·8 (4·48–7·01); P = 0·004]. Both urinary HMGB1 and MCP‐1 levels decreased significantly from active nephritis to remission. The urinary MCP‐1/creatinine ratio correlated with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) (P = 0·042). No correlation was found between the HMGB1/creatinine ratio and 24‐h proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), MCP‐1/creatinine ratio, BVAS and serum HMGB1. A positive correlation was found between urinary HMGB1/creatinine ratio and CD4+ T cells/creatinine ratio (P = 0·028) and effector memory T cells/creatinine ratio (P = 0·039) in urine. Urinary HMGB1 levels are increased in AAV patients with active nephritis when compared with HC and patients in remission, and urinary HMGB1 levels are associated with CD4+ T cells and CD4+ effector memory T cells in urine. Measurement of urinary HMGB1 may be of additional value in identifying active glomerulonephritis in AAV patients.
Disturbed spontaneous brain activity pattern in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a fMRI study

Objective The aim of this study is to use amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as a method to explore the local features of spontaneous brain activity in patients with primary angle -closure glaucoma (PACG) and ALFFs relationship with the behavioral performances. Methods A total of twenty one patients with PACG (eight males and 13 females), and twenty one healthy subjects (nine males and twelve females) closely matched in age, sex, and education, each underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The ALFF method was used to assess the local features of spontaneous brain activity. The correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between the observed mean ALFF signal values of the different areas in PACG patients and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Results Compared with the healthy subjects, patients with PACG had significant lower ALFF areas in the left precentral gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, and right angular gyrus, and higher areas in the right precentral gyrus. In the PACG group, there were significant negative correlations between the mean ALFF signal value of the right middle frontal gyrus and the left mean RNFL thickness (r=−0.487, P=0.033), and between the mean ALFF signal value of the left middle frontal gyrus and the right mean RNFL thickness (r=−0.504, P=0.020). Conclusion PACG mainly involved in the dysfunction in the frontal lobe, which may reflect the underlying pathologic mechanism of PACG.
Determining the motion of the solar system relative to the cosmic microwave background using type Ia supernovae

We estimate the solar system motion relative to the cosmic microwave background using type Ia supernovae (SNe) measurements. We take into account the correlations in the error bars of the SNe measurements arising from correlated peculiar velocities. Without accounting for correlations in the peculiar velocities, the SNe data we use appear to detect the peculiar velocity of the solar system at about the 3.5 sigma level. However, when the correlations are correctly accounted for, the SNe data only detects the solar system peculiar velocity at about the 2.5 sigma level. We forecast that the solar system peculiar velocity will be detected at the 9 sigma level by GAIA and the 11 sigma level by the LSST. For these surveys we find the correlations are much less important as most of the signal comes from higher redshifts where the number density of SNe is insufficient for the correlations to be important.
Flexible and Adaptable Buffer Management Techniques for Database Management Systems

The problem of buffer management in database management systems is concerned with the efficient main memory allocation and management for answering database queries. Previous works on buffer allocation are based either exclusively on the availability of buffers at runtime or on the access patterns of queries. In this paper, we first propose a unified approach for buffer allocation in which both of these considerations are taken into account. Our approach is based on the notion of marginal gains which specify the expected reduction in page faults by allocating extra buffers to a query. Then, we extend this approach to support adaptable buffer allocation. An adaptable buffer allocation algorithm automatically optimizes itself for the specific query workload. To achieve this adaptability, we propose using runtime information, such as the load of the system, in buffer allocation decisions. Our approach is to use a simple queuing model to predict whether a buffer allocation will improve the performance of the system. Thus, this paper provides a more theoretical basis for buffer allocation. Simulation results show that our methods based on marginal gains and our predictive methods consistently outperform existing allocation strategies. In addition, the predictive methods have the added advantage of adjusting their allocation to changing workloads. >
Control diet in a high-fat diet study in mice: Regular chow and purified low-fat diet have similar effects on phenotypic, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes

Background: Differences in the composition of control diets may confound outcomes in studies investigating dietary effects. Objective: We compared the effects of two control diets commonly used in mice studies, chow (SD) and a purified low-fat diet (LFD), in relation to a chronic high-fat diet (HFD). We hypothesized that SD and LFD will have similar effects on phenotypic, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. Methods: Fifty-four 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary interventions (SD, LFD, or HFD) for 18 weeks. At week 16, mice were tested for behavioral changes. Glucose tolerance testing was conducted at week 17 and terminal blood collection at week 18. Results: SD and LFD mice exhibited no differences in cognitive performance on the Y-maze test and comparable anxiety-like behavior in the open-field and elevated zero maze tests. Significant declines in cognitive function and greater anxiety-like behavior were observed in the HFD group compared to both SD and LFD. Areas under the glucose tolerance curve were similar for SD and LFD, as were levels of high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cytokines, and adipocytokines. Only total cholesterol was significantly higher in LFD mice compared to SD mice. All measures were significantly higher in the HFD group. Discussion: Our data demonstrate that young mice develop similar phenotypic, metabolic, and behavioral profiles when fed SD vs. LFD. The two diets may thus be equally appropriate as controls for an HFD, although some studies may want to consider differences in effects on cholesterol levels.
Key Exchange Protocols: Security Definition, Proof Method and Applications

We develop a compositional method for proving cryptographically sound security properties of key exchange protocols, based on a symbolic logic that is interpreted over conventional runs of a protocol against a probabilistic polynomial-time attacker. Since reasoning about an unbounded number of runs of a protocol involves induction-like arguments about properties preserved by each run, we formulate a specification of secure key exchange that, unlike conventional key indistinguishability, is closed under general composition with steps that use the key. We present formal proof rules based on this game-based condition, and prove that the proof rules are sound over a computational semantics. The proof system is used to establish security of a standard protocol in the computational model.
The impact of seasonality on niche breadth, distribution range and species richness: a theoretical exploration of Janzen's hypothesis

Being invoked as one of the candidate mechanisms for the latitudinal patterns in biodiversity, Janzen's hypothesis states that the limited seasonal temperature variation in the tropics generates greater temperature stratification across elevations, which makes tropical species adapted to narrower ranges of temperatures and have lower effective dispersal across elevations than species in temperate regions. Numerous empirical studies have documented latitudinal patterns in species elevational ranges and thermal niche breadths that are consistent with the hypothesis, but the theoretical underpinnings remain unclear. This study presents the first mathematical model to examine the evolutionary processes that could back up Janzen's hypothesis and assess the effectiveness of limited seasonal temperature variation to promote speciation along elevation in the tropics. Results suggest that trade-offs in thermal tolerances provide a mechanism for Janzen's hypothesis. Limited seasonal temperature variation promotes gradient speciation not due to the reduction in gene flow that is associated with narrow thermal niche, but due to the pleiotropic effects of more stable divergent selection of thermal tolerance on the evolution of reproductive incompatibility. The proposed modelling approach also provides a potential way to test a speciation model against genetic data.
Bioartificial Pancreas: Evaluation of Crucial Barriers to Clinical Application

The pancreas is a dual-function organ featuring both endocrine and exocrine tissue. Endocrine functionality is provided by approximately one million cell clusters called the islets of Langerhans. Islets consist of four main cell types, 1) ┙ cells: secrete glucagon (increases glucose in blood); ┚ cells: secrete insulin (decreases glucose in blood); ├ cells: secrete somatostatin (regulates ┙ and ┚ cells) and PP cells: secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Thus, the islet plays a diverse role in glucose metabolism and blood glucose homeostasis.
Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies, and Skills

PART I PROVIDING EFFECTIVE COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Chapter 1 Overview of the Book Chapter 2 Contexts of Effective Treatment PART II TREATMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZING BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Chapter 3 Overview of Background-Focused Treatment Systems Chapter 4 Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis Chapter 5 Alfred Adler and Individual Psychology Chapter 6 Carl Jung and Jungian Analytical Psychology Chapter 7 Freudian Revisionists: Ego Psychologists, Object Relations Theorists, Self Psychologists, and Others Chapter 8 Brief Psychodynamic Therapy PART III TREATMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZING EMOTIONS AND SENSATIONS Chapter 9 Overview of Emotion-Focused Treatment Systems Chapter 10 Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Counseling Chapter 11 Existential Therapy Chapter 12 Gestalt Therapy Chapter 13 Emerging Approaches Emphasizing Emotions and Sensations PART IV TREATMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZING THOUGHTS Chapter 14 Overview of Thought-Focused Treatment Systems Chapter 15 Aaron Beck and Cognitive Therapy Chapter 16 Albert Ellis and Rational Behavior Therapy Chapter 17 Emerging Approached Emphasizing Thoughts PART V TREATMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZING ACTIONS Chapter 18 Overview of Action-Focused Treatment Systems Chapter 19 Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Chapter 20 Reality Therapy Chapter 21 Solution-Focused Brief Therapy PART VI INTEGRATED AND ECLECTIC TREATMENT SYSTEMS Chapter 22 Overview of Integrated and Eclectic Treatment Systems Chapter 23 Theories of Integrated and Eclectic Treatment Chapter 24 Solidifying Understanding of Treatment Systems
Shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciopathy.

INTRODUCTION Relevant data of randomized-controlled studies on shock wave treatment for chronic plantar fasciopathy are statistically and clinically heterogeneous. METHODS Randomized trials were identified form a current search of the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group specialized register of trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and reference lists of articles and dissertations. We identified and retrieved a total of 17 articles. Methodological quality criterial included appropriate randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, number lost of follow-up and intention to treat analysis. Significant heterogeneity between studies precluded pooled analyses. Instead, individual trial results were described in the text. RESULTS We identified conflicting results in the 17 studies, involving more than 2100 participants. There was considerable heterogeneity in terms of methodological quality, treatment regimen, patient selection and follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS With current studies heterogenous in terms of the duration of the disorder; type, frequency and total dose of shock wave therapy (SWT); period of time between SWT; type of management and control group; timing of follow-up and outcomes assessed, a pooled meta-analysis of SWT for chronic plantar fasciopathy was considered inappropriate. Neverhteless, there was a preponderance of well-designed studies showing favourable results. It appears that one should only consider SWT for plantar fasciopathy after more common, accepted and proven non-invasive treatments have failed.
Online multi-label active annotation: towards large-scale content-based video search

Existing video search engines have not taken the advantages of video content analysis and semantic understanding. Video search in academia uses semantic annotation to approach content-based indexing. We argue this is a promising direction to enable real content-based video search. However, due to the complexity of both video data and semantic concepts, existing techniques on automatic video annotation are still not able to handle large-scale video set and large-scale concept set, in terms of both annotation accuracy and computation cost. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a scalable framework for annotation-based video search, as well as a novel approach to enable large-scale semantic concept annotation, that is, online multi-label active learning. This framework is scalable to both the video sample dimension and concept label dimension. Large-scale unlabeled video samples are assumed to arrive consecutively in batches with an initial pre-labeled training set, based on which a preliminary multi-label classifier is built. For each arrived batch, a multi-label active learning engine is applied, which automatically selects and manually annotates a set of unlabeled sample-label pairs. And then an online learner updates the original classifier by taking the newly labeled sample-label pairs into consideration. This process repeats until all data are arrived. During the process, new labels, even without any pre-labeled training samples, can be incorporated into the process anytime. Experiments on TRECVID dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.
Relative performance of common biochemical indicators in detecting cigarette smoking.

AIMS Many cities have banned indoor smoking in public places. Thus, an updated recommendation for a breath carbon monoxide (CO) cut-off is needed that optimally determines smoking status. We evaluated and compared the performance of breath CO and semiquantitative cotinine immunoassay test strips (urine and saliva NicAlert®) alone and in combination. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Urban drug addiction research and treatment facility. PARTICIPANTS Ninety non-treatment-seeking smokers and 82 non-smokers. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed smoking histories and provided breath CO, urine and saliva specimens. Urine and saliva specimens were assayed for cotinine by NicAlert® and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). FINDINGS An optimal breath CO cut-off was established using self-report and LCMSMS analysis of cotinine, an objective indicator, as reference measures. Performance of smoking indicators and combinations were compared to the reference measures. Breath CO ≥5 parts per million (p.p.m.) optimally discriminated smokers from non-smokers. Saliva NicAlert® performance was less effective than the other indicators. CONCLUSIONS In surveys of smokers and non-smokers in areas with strong smoke-free laws, the breath carbon monoxide cut-off that discriminates most effectively appears to be ≥5 p.p.m. rather than the ≥10 p.p.m. cut-off often used. These findings may not generalize to clinical trials, regions with different carbon monoxide pollution levels or areas with less stringent smoke-free laws.