Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Retrospective analysis of relationship between radiological features and prognoses of pneumocystis pneumonia in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients].

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between the radiological features and prognoses of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (non-AIDS) immunocompromised patients. METHODS Retrospective analyses were performed for the radiological features and prognoses of 36 non-AIDS immunocompromised PCP patients hospitalized at Peking University First Hospital from April 2006 to April 2010. There were 24 males and 12 females with an average age of (51.7 ± 18.9) years. RESULTS All patients underwent chest photographic examinations and chest computed tomography (CT) was performed on 29 of them. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) of 36 patients was 33.3% (12/36). At the start of anti-PCP treatment, there were normal chest radiography (n = 7), bilateral diffuse infiltration (n = 21), bilateral diffuse consolidation (n = 8), aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma (n = 6) and numbers of deceased patients (n = 0, 8, 5 and 5 respectively). The CFRs of the patients with normal chest radiography and aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma were both statistically significant as compared with the overall rate (P < 0.05). At the start of anti-PCP treatment, there were bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) (n = 29), "mosaic sign" (n = 19), air bronchogram (n = 19), pulmonary consolidation (n = 17), bilateral pleural effusion (n = 7), thickened lobular septa (n = 6), cystic lesions (n = 5), aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma (n = 4) and numbers of deceased patients (n = 8, 5, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2 and 4 respectively). The CFRs of the patients with aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma were statistically significant as compared with the overall rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The major radiological features of PCP in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients are bilateral diffuse infiltration. And bilateral diffuse GGO on chest CT scans are usually accompanied with "mosaic" sign, air bronchogram or pulmonary consolidation. The prognoses are excellent for the patients with normal chest radiograph and poor for those with aerothorax, mediastinal emphysema or pneumohypoderma.
Use of the distomedial-proximolateral oblique radiographic view of the elbow joint for examination of the medial coronoid process in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate a new radiographic view of the elbow joint in dogs that would potentially enhance observation of the medial coronoid process (MCP). SAMPLE POPULATION 20 cadaver limbs from 10 dogs and clinical examination of 100 elbow joints of 53 dogs. PROCEDURE Twenty elbow joints from 10 cadavers were imaged by use of mediolateral, flexed mediolateral, craniocaudal, craniolateral-caudomedial oblique (Cr15L-CdMO), and distomedial-proximolateral oblique (Di35M-PrLO) radiographic views before and after placement of 3 lead pellets placed on the cranial, medial, and craniodistal aspect of the MCP. Three examiners independently reviewed these radiographs. One hundred elbow joints of 53 dogs with forelimb lameness and signs of pain elicited on palpation of the elbow joint were examined. These joints were radiographed and treated by use of arthroscopy. Three examiners independently graded the radiographs. RESULTS The MCP was identified on all Di35M-PrLO views made during the anatomic study. The Di35M-PrLO view had the largest area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve for detection of abnormalities of the MCP. Fractured and nonfractured MCP could only be significantly differentiated on Di35M-PrLO and mediolateral views. The Di35M-PrLO view had a higher agreement between examiners than other radiographic views for detection of fractures of the MCP. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Di35M-PrLO view enhances the identification of anomalies and fragmentation of the MCP in dogs, compared with other radiographic views. The Di35M-PrLO view may be of benefit for early screening of dogs potentially affected with elbow dysplasia.
Systemic financial crises: Containment and resolution

Foreword Gerard Caprio Part I. Introduction: 1. Introduction and overview Patrick Honohan and Luc Laeven Part II. Containment and Resolution: 2. Financial crisis policies and resolution mechanisms: a taxonomy from cross-country experience Charles Calomiris, Daniela Klingebiel and Luc Laeven 3. Pitfalls in managing closures of financial institutions Carl-Johan Lindgren 4. Bank recapitalization: fiscal, monetary and incentive implications Patrick Honohan Part III. Models and Econometric Evidence: 5. Policies for banking crises: a theoretical framework Rafael Repullo 6. Crisis resolution, policies, and institutions: empirical evidence Stijn Claessens, Daniela Klingebiel and Luc Laeven Part IV. Structural Reforms: 7. Financial crises and the presence of foreign banks Adrian Tschoegl 8. Maximizing the value of distressed assets: bankruptcy law and the efficient reorganization of firms David Smith and Per Stromberg 9. Crisis resolution and credit allocation: the case of Japan Joe Peek and Eric Rosengren.
TESTING FOR LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTATION IN BRITAIN

According to the dual labor market theory, it is possible to identify distinct segments in the labor market that have different ways of allocating labor and determining wages. In this paper, the author tests this hypothesis by examining the role of institutional and demand-side factors in explaining the distribution of earnings among workers with comparable training and skill levels. A distinction is made between a strict version of the hypothesis based on "core" and "periphery" industry segments and what has been called the "heuristic" form of the segmentation theory involving a more flexible approach to divisions in the labor market. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
SUMOylation of AhR modulates its activity and stability through inhibiting its ubiquitination

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that belongs to the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) Per‐Arnt‐Sim homology domain (PAS) family. AhR can be activated by 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8‐TCDD) and once activated, it promotes the abnormal expression of cytochrome P450, leading to several diseases, including cancer. In this study, we showed that AhR is subjected to post‐translational modification by SUMOylation and this modification could be reversed by SENP1. Two SUMOylation sites were identified, one in the bHLH domain (K63) and the other in the TAD domain (K510) of AhR. Substitution of either K63 or K510 with arginine resulted in reduced SUMOylation for AhR. Treatment of MCF‐7 cells with TCDD led to a reduced level of SUMOylated AhR in a time‐dependent manner, and this occurred mainly in the nucleus. SUMOylation of AhR enhanced its stability through inhibiting its ubiquitination. Moreover, SUMOylation also repressed the transactivation activity of AhR and this could be reversed by TCDD. These results suggested that SUMOylation of AhR might play an important role in the regulation of its function, and TCDD may activate the transcriptional activity of AhR through downregulating its SUMOylation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3812–3819, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determinants of work organization in the modern firm: change and continuity in the Spanish labour relations

The host of statistical data on labour organization from the 2004 Encuesta de Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (2005) will be used as a basis for using factorial analysis to identify the factors that determine how ‘modern’ companies organize their work according to business management literature. Workers' identification with their company seems to be the essence of a good part of business managers' objectives. The results of the research point to a continuity in a worker profile that largely corresponds to the Fordist model, with a few significant changes: the domain of some non-conflictive industrial relations which is settled on the value that is given to the good relationships with mates and managers and the flexible work-class positive assessment that allows to harmonize other life aspects.
Performance Analysis and Algorithm Designs for Transmit Antenna Selection in Linearly Precoded Multiuser MIMO Systems

This paper investigates transmit antenna selection for linearly precoded multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. First, in some precoded single-user MIMO systems, using all transmit antennas does not always lead to the best performance due to ill-conditioned channel matrices. This condition motivates us to investigate whether a similar result can be obtained in MU-MIMO systems. Based on the derived analytical results, we found that, for a given number of transmit antennas, decreasing the number of active transmit antennas [number of radio frequency (RF) units] always degrades system performance in the linearly precoded MU-MIMO systems. However, in practical systems, RF units are expensive. To reduce the hardware cost, antenna selection is usually used to reduce the number of RF units. Thus, we further analyze the performance loss due to transmit antenna selection (TAS). These analytical results provide good design references for using TAS in practical systems. Moreover, based on the analytical results, we proposed several simple TAS algorithms for linearly precoded MU-MIMO systems. Complexity analysis and simulation results show that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms can significantly be reduced, whereas the performance is still comparable with the optimal selection scheme. As a result, the analyzed results enable us to better understand how TAS affects the MU-MIMO systems. In addition, the proposed algorithms make TAS more feasible to be used in practical systems.
Deciding when to replace an open beef cow

A cow that fails to conceive must either be kept for a year without revenue or replaced by a bred heifer. This choice is a unique case of comparing investments with different economic lives because the potential replacement asset is just a newer version of the old asset. In this study, a net present value model is developed that eliminates the problem of finding a common timeframe. Results indicate there are often times producers should keep the open cow. Whenever feed costs are low, the price differential between cull cows and replacement heifers is high, or the calf crop value is low, retaining open cows becomes more desirable.
Prosodic and Melodic Processing in Adults and Children

Abstract: The results of a series of experiments aimed at directly comparing the prosodic level of processing in language with the melodic level of processing in music are reported. The first series of experiments was conducted on adults, musicians and nonmusicians, and the second one on 7‐ to 9‐year‐old musician and nonmusician children. However, as this last study is still in progress, only preliminary results will be presented. The theoretic framework within which these experiments are taking place is described. The first problem concerns the specificity of the perceptive and cognitive computations necessary to perceive and understand language. We argue that comparing language with music can provide interesting insights into this complex issue. The second problem is linked to the relationship between different types of learning. Does early musical training influence the way in which musicians process some aspects of language as prosody? These two problems are considered and the results of the experiments are described.
The survival of venture capital backed companies

This study addresses the survival of Belgian venture capital (VC) backed companies, compared to companies that did not receive VC. Survival analysis techniques are used to analyse the survival of a sample of 565 Belgian VC backed companies and 565 comparable non-VC backed companies. A distinction between different types of venture capitalists is made. Contrary to commom wisdom, VC backed companies do not have a higher probability of surviving than comparable non-VC backed companies. Companies, backed by the two oldest government venture capitalists, however, have a higher survival rate and companies, backed by other government venture capitalists have a lower survival rate and a higher probability of going bankrupt. Our results confirm previous studies in that it is shown that receiving VC from the right backer is perhaps more important than receiving VC per se.
Trends and issues on curriculum review in Nigeria and the need for paradigm shift in educational practice

The dynamic nature of the society is obviously, part of the driving forces which makes curriculum review to become inevitable. The review process ensures that the eventual curriculum is not out of tune with the currency.The foregoing informal the thesis of this paper which examined the trends and issues on curriculum review in Nigeria and a call for paradigm shift in educational practice. In the literary search, a historical review of the major trends in curriculum development prior to an after independence was done. Thereafter, the paper discussed the context of educational reforms that had taken place in Nigeria till date. The paper submits the need to save Nigeria education and its curriculum from the gully of pitfalls and contemporary challenges by calling for a regular value -orientation and re-orientation vis-a-vis consistency in policy formulation, and sincere pursuance of its objectives as well as the urgent paradigm shift from theoretical curriculum implementation to better practical approaches in the theory and practice of education in Nigeria.
γ-Band deficiency and abnormal thalamocortical activity in P/Q-type channel mutant mice

Thalamocortical in vivo and in vitro function was studied in mice lacking P/Q-type calcium channels (CaV2.1), in which N-type calcium channels (CaV2.2) supported central synaptic transmission. Unexpectedly, in vitro patch recordings from thalamic neurons demonstrated no γ-band subthreshold oscillation, and voltage-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated an absence of cortical γ-band-dependent columnar activation involving cortical inhibitory interneuron activity. In vivo electroencephalogram recordings showed persistent absence status and a dramatic reduction of γ-band activity. Pharmacological block of T-type calcium channels (CaV3), although not noticeably affecting normal control animals, left the knockout mice in a coma-like state. Hence, although N-type calcium channels can rescue P/Q-dependent synaptic transmission, P/Q calcium channels are essential in the generation of γ-band activity and resultant cognitive function.
"Just Say no?" The Economic and Political Realities of a Small City's Investment in Minor League Baseball

The magical aura which encases sports in our society continues to encourage cities to offer inducements to attract franchises. Now, even minor league franchises have become coveted assets by smaller cities seeking the same "glamour" that major league teams give larger cities. Smaller cities are seemingly mesmerized by the idea, "build it and they will come. " The "they" is the anticipated economic impact and benefits of the team. This article analyzed one city's decision by measuring the substitution effects and real growth impact of a team on the local economy. Given the tax structure in the community and the marginal impact of the team, the city and the private sector made the correct decision in not offering substantial inducements; net gains were too small for all concerned. The small impact also suggests no natural constituency existed to support the needed investments. Finally, some have argued economic analyses are not the most important element in considering whether or not to invest in sports since baseball is a form of escapism and publicity. If these are valued ideas it remains for city councils and voters to decide if the "Boys of Summer" really define a community's image, culture, placement in the fabric of American society, and the quality of life. Or, is a minor league baseball team simply an example of "big boys wanting big toys" at someone else's expense.
An Algorithmic Model for Retail Credit Portfolio Segmentation

Under the new Basel bank capital framework, a bank must group its retail exposures into multiple segments with homogeneous risk characteristics. The U.S. regulatory agencies believe that a bank may use the internal models, including the loan-level risk parameter estimates such as PD and LGD, to group exposures into the resultant segments with homogeneous risk attributes. In contrast to the conventional decision tree method, we propose a new algorithmic technique for retail consumer loan portfolio segmentation. This new technique identifies the optimal number of segments, sorts the individual loan exposures into the various segments, and then leads to a greater degree of risk homogeneity in comparison to the baseline equal-bin and quantile-bin schemes. Furthermore, we analyze the Monte Carlo implied asset correlation values for the retail loan segments over time to help assess the implications for bank capital measurement. Our recommended method for retail credit portfolio segmentation results in some capital relief that serves as an incentive for the bank to invest in this alternative segmentation. This positive outcome accords with the core principle of statistical conservatism that is enshrined in the Basel regulatory requirements for bank capital measurement.
Secure Occupancy: A New Framework for Analysing Security in Rental Housing

Unlike debates about security for owner occupiers which recognise that security is complex and multi-layered, security for renters is often presented as single dimensional and conflated with de jure security of tenure, deriving from a property rights perspective. This article proposes a broader concept of ‘secure occupancy’ to enable a more nuanced understanding of security for tenants. A new framework is developed to enable investigation of the dynamic interactions between legislation/regulation, housing market conditions, public policies and cultural norms around renting, which shape security of occupancy for tenants. The paper illustrates this approach, drawing on a study of the rental systems of nine developed countries, identifying key factors that appear to have a strong bearing on strengthening, and weakening, of security of occupancy for renter households. The article concludes that this approach has the potential to deepen understanding of security for renters and to stimulate new avenues for research.
Information and experimentation in short-term contracting

Summary. The impact of information dissemination and experimentation on dynamic adverse selection in noisy agency relationships is examined. Significant deviations in terms of equilibrium actions and payments occur, when compared to deterministic environments. Information dissipates slowly, so payments to agents who stand to lose informational rents over time are lower than compared to deterministic settings. Moreover, the principal manipulates the agent's actions to affect the informativeness of the signal. Thus, the principal trades-off lower initial payments with higher informational rents later. Simultaneously, the principal manipulates the signal distribution to enhance his ability to learn about the agent's type.
Internationalization of the Biggest Finnish and Swedish Retailers in the Baltic States and Russia

SUMMARY The political changes, together with the economic growth, have made the Eastern European emerging markets increasingly attractive for international retailers. This article analyzes why, where, when and how the eastward expansion of the biggest Finnish and Swedish retailers has taken place. This article focuses on the international behavior of five case companies from both the food and non-food sectors. The article shows that the case companies have expanded first, from their small and saturated domestic markets, to culturally and geographically close target markets. Furthermore, their internationalization has developed from less intensive operation modes towards more intensive modes. The case companies display a great variation in the market and operation strategies used to enter the four target markets. There are also great differences in the present and planned future operations in the Baltic States and Russia. The article proposes managerial and research implications based on the key findings.
Scales and statistics: parametric and nonparametric.

The recent rise of interest in the use of nonparametric tests stems from two main sources. One is the concern about the use of parametric tests when the underlying assumptions are not met. The other is the problem of whether or not the measurement scale is suitable for application of parametric procedures. On both counts parametric tests are generally more in danger than nonparametric tests. Because of this, and because of a natural enthusiasm for a new technique, there has been a sometimes uncritical acceptance of nonparametric procedures. By now a certain degree of agreement concerning the more practical aspects involved in the choice of tests appears to have been reached. However, the measurement theoretical issue has been less clearly resolved. The principal purpose of this article is to discuss this latter issue further. For the sake of completeness, a brief overview of practical statistical considerations will also be included. A few preliminary comments are needed in order to circumscribe the subsequent discussion. In the first place, it is assumed throughout that the data at hand arise from some sort of measuring scale which gives numerical results. This restriction is implicit in the proposal to compare parametric and nonparametric tests
Customer satisfaction and universal banks: an empirical study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that have an impact on customer satisfaction as regards the working of select Indian universal banks.Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted using the survey method. Data were collected through a well‐structured questionnaire from a sample of 456 respondents.Findings – The major findings of the study show that customer satisfaction is influenced by seven factors: employee responsiveness, appearance of tangibles, social responsibility, services innovation, positive word‐of‐mouth, competence, and reliability. The results of multiple regression showed that three variables: social responsibility, positive word‐of‐mouth, and reliability, are statistically significant in the model at 5 percent significance level that have an impact on the overall satisfaction of the customer.Research limitations/implications – The study suffers from a regional bias since it covers only Punjab and Chandigarh. The results do not have general application.
Community Federally Qualified Health Centers as Homes for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has the potential to reduce HIV incidence in highly affected areas. The Southeastern United States is disproportionately impacted by HIV, and 3 counties in South Florida have the highest incidence of new HIV infections in the United States. This study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and uptake of PrEP in South Florida. Focus groups consisting of providers, administrators, and case managers at HIV-servicing community health centers and federally qualified health centers in South Florida reported broad support but low implementation of PrEP. Generally, participants indicated that the centers were appropriate locations for implementation. However, practical concerns and perceived limitations due to financial, insurance, and immigration status of those who would potentially benefit from the intervention were widely reported. Addressing provider concerns appears necessary for successful expansion of PrEP implementation in highly impacted areas such as South Florida.