Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of First‐Year Physician Assistant Students Towards Older Adults

Purpose: Research has established that attitudes can influence behavior. However, there is little information on physician assistant (PA) students' attitudes towards older adults. Research conducted on medical students has often revealed negative attitudes and little interest in geriatrics. This study investigates the attitudes of first‐year PA students regarding older adults and provides data on this underdeveloped area in the literature. Methods: First‐year PA students at Western Michigan University were invited to participate in a study that involved responding to two questionnaires: a modified version of Polizzi's 2003 Aging Semantic Differential (ASD), using men and women aged 70 to 85 as the target population, and a survey consisting of custom‐made, fill‐in, Likert‐scale questions regarding relationships and contact with older adults. Results: The mean ASD score of 2.53 indicated a mildly positive attitude towards the target population. The only significant association found through regression analyses was that students with weekly socialization with older adults had more positive attitudes towards them than did the students with yearly socialization. Conclusions: The direct and significant association of frequency of socialization with positive attitude towards older adults is consistent with similar research on first‐year medical students. Some medical schools have implemented strategies of intentional socialization between their students and older adults to improve the students' attitudes. PA programs may want to further assess their students' attitudes to older adults and implement interventions to improve them, where indicated. Additionally, several questions for additional research are suggested from this study.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Proximal Femoral Nail

In 1997, the proximal femoral nail was introduced for treatment of peritrochanteric femoral fractures. Treatment results show a low complication rate. The most serious complication is cutout of the hip pin and femoral neck screw. Considerable load on the hip pin is thought to facilitate cutout. The biomechanical behavior of the hip pin and the femoral neck screw as part of the standard proximal femoral nail, and of an experimentally modified proximal femoral nail (in which the hole through the nail for the hip pin is modified to a slot) was studied. In the standard proximal femoral nail, the amount of the total load carried by the hip pin varies between 8% and 39% (mean, 21%). If the hip pin passes through a slot in the nail, it carries 2% to 8% (mean, 5%) of the load. The nonconstrained lateral end of the hip pin reduces the bending load applied to the implant. The slotted hole for the hip pin also allows the femur and the nail to medialize, even if the hip pin and femoral neck screw lose parallelism. The prevalence of cutout of the proximal femoral nail may be reduced by introduction of this mechanism.
How people change : inside and outside therapy

1: How People Change: Introduction -- I. Perspectives from Clinical Psychology -- 2: Questioning the Sacred Cow of the Transference -- 3: The Role of “Accomplices” in Preventing and Facilitating Change -- 4: Transtheoretical Ingredients in Therapeutic Change -- 5: Emotion in the Change Process -- 6: Davanloo’s Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: A Cross-Theoretical Analysis of Change Mechanisms -- 7: Change in the Change Agents: Growth in the Capacity to Heal -- II. Perspectives from Social, Family, and Organizational Psychology -- 8: How to Change Behavior -- 9: Changing Attitudes and Reducing Tensions between People -- 10: The Two Faces of Change: Progression and Regression -- 11: Individual Change in Organizational Settings -- 12: Conflict, Negotiation, and Change -- III. Integration and Conclusions -- 13: How People Change with and without Therapy -- 14: Toward an Integrative Theory of Psychological Change in Individuals and Organizations: A Cognitive-Affective Regulation Model -- How People Change: A Brief Commentary.
Time-dependent axonal impairment in experimental model of brain oedema.

OBJECTIVES Clinically very serious condition of ischaemia and brain injury which are often associated with brain oedema is frequently accompanied by the impairment of the structural integrity of axons. We wondered whether the brain oedema (without ischemia brain injury) can induce structural axonal impairment. METHODS Brain oedema was induced by osmotic blood-brain barrier opening with 20% mannitol applied selectively into the internal carotid. Axonal changes were recognized as signs of myelin disintegration (oedematous vesicles, varicosity, myelin fragmentation) at histological sections stained with Black Gold in hippocampal areas CA1 and CA3 and in the dentate gyrus and cerebral cortex at time intervals of one hour, one day, three days and one week after the oedema induction. RESULTS Impairment of the structural integrity was identified in myelin sheets in all areas studied in all experimental groups. Whereas in the control group axon were of the uniform diameter, in the experimental groups various forms of myelin disintegration were observed. The progression of myelin damage depended on the time elapsed after the oedema induction. CONCLUSION Opening the blood-brain barrier with an osmotic insult induces brain oedema which represents a factor triggering axonal impairment accompanied with myelin changes. The development of axonal changes initiated by brain oedema only (without ischemia brain injury) is a novel observation.
Protection of rapidly decompressed rats by pharmacologic and physical means.

In a group of rats decompressed from an ambient pressure of 520 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg in 0.075 sec, 72% died. Only 12–37% of animals treated before decompression with drugs acting on the nervous system died. No rats given a local anesthetic agent intraperitoneally prior to decompression died, and no rats whose abdomens were tensely distended with intraperitoneal saline before decompression died. In each experimental group, mortality was significantly correlated with increased lung weight. These observations lead to the speculation that, in rats, the sudden distention of gas-containing abdominal viscera has indirect, perhaps reflex, effects which are related to the development of pulmonary edema and to the survival of the animals.
ACTH and Polymorphisms at Steroidogenic Loci as Determinants of Aldosterone Secretion and Blood Pressure

The majority of genes contributing to the heritable component of blood pressure remain unidentified, but there is substantial evidence to suggest that common polymorphisms at loci involved in the biosynthesis of the corticosteroids aldosterone and cortisol are important. This view is supported by data from genome-wide association studies that consistently link the CYP17A1 locus to blood pressure. In this review article, we describe common polymorphisms at three steroidogenic loci (CYP11B2, CYP11B1 and CYP17A1) that alter gene transcription efficiency and levels of key steroids, including aldosterone. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. While the renin angiotensin system is rightly regarded as the major driver of aldosterone secretion, there is increasing evidence that the contribution of corticotropin (ACTH) is also significant. In light of this, we propose that the differential response of variant CYP11B2, CYP11B1 and CYP17A1 genes to ACTH is an important determinant of blood pressure, tending to predispose individuals with an unfavourable genotype to hypertension.
Phase I Study of the Orally Administered Butyrate Prodrug, Tributyrin, in Patients with Solid Tumors1

Butyrates have been studied as cancer differentiation agents in vitro and as a treatment for hemoglobinopathies. Tributyrin, a triglyceride with butyrate molecules ester-ified at the 1, 2, and 3 positions, induces differentiation and/or growth inhibition of a number of cell lines in vitro. When given p.o. to rodents, tributyrin produces substantial plasma butyrate concentrations. We treated 13 patients with escalating doses of tributyrin from 50 to 400 mg/kg/day. Doses were administered p.o. after an overnight fast, once daily for 3 weeks, followed by a 1-week rest. Intrapatient dose escalation occurred after two courses without toxicity greater than grade 2. The time course of butyrate in plasma was assessed on days 1 and 15 and after any dose escalation.siness. There was no consistent increase in hemoglobin F with tributyrin treatment. Peak plasma butyrate concentrations occurred between 0.25 and 3 h after dose, increased with dose, and ranged from 0 to 0.45 mm i. Peak concentrations did not increase in three patients who had dose escalation. Butyrate pharmacokinetics were not different on days 1 and 15. Because peak plasma concen-The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with I 8 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
The Core Matchings of Markets with Transfers

We characterize the structure of the set of core matchings of an assignment game (a two-sided market with transfers). Such a set satisfies a property we call consistency. Consistency of a set of matchings states that, for any matching v, if, for each agent i there exists a matching ? in the set for which ? (i) = v(i), then v is in the set. A set of matchings satisfies consistency if and only if there is an assignment game for which all elements of the set maximize the surplus. (JEL C78)
Immobilization of Brassica oleracea Chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) and Candida rugosa Lipase (CRL) in Magnetic Alginate Beads: An Enzymatic Evaluation in the Corresponding Proteins

Enzymes have a wide variety of applications in diverse biotechnological fields, and the immobilization of enzymes plays a key role in academic research or industrialization due to the stabilization and recyclability it confers. In this study, we immobilized the Brassica oleracea chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) or Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) in magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded alginate composite beads. The catalytic activity and specific activity of the BoCLH1 and CRL entrapped in magnetic alginate composite beads were evaluated. Results show that the activity of immobilized BoCLH1 in magnetic alginate composite beads (3.36 ± 0.469 U/g gel) was higher than that of immobilized BoCLH1 in alginate beads (2.96 ± 0.264 U/g gel). In addition, the specific activity of BoCLH1 beads (10.90 ± 1.521 U/mg protein) was higher than that immobilized BoCLH1 in alginate beads (8.52 ± 0.758 U/mg protein). In contrast, the immobilized CRL in magnetic alginate composite beads exhibited a lower enzyme activity (11.81 ± 0.618) than CRL immobilized in alginate beads (94.83 ± 7.929), and the specific activity of immobilized CRL entrapped in magnetic alginate composite beads (1.99 ± 0.104) was lower than immobilized lipase in alginate beads (15.01 ± 1.255). A study of the degradation of magnetic alginate composite beads immersed in acidic solution (pH 3) shows that the magnetic alginate composite beads remain intact in acidic solution for at least 6 h, indicating the maintenance of the enzyme catalytic effect in low-pH environment. Finally, the enzyme immobilized magnetic alginate composite beads could be collected by an external magnet and reused for at least six cycles.
Assessing the influence of social and emotional intelligence in effective educational leadership

DISSERTATION: Assessing the Influence of Social and Emotional Intelligence in Effective Educational Leadership STUDENT: Anthony M. Kline DEGREE: Doctor of Philosophy in Education COLLEGE: Ball State University DATE: June 2011 PAGES: 140 The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between principals’ social and emotional skills and the academic and social outcomes of their schools. The Social-Emotional Educational Leadership Factor (SELF) survey was completed by 27 Indiana public elementary school principals and 30 Indiana public elementary school teachers to analyze the perceptions of the principals’ social and emotional skills. Results showed that principals’ self perceptions of their social and emotional skills predicted 49% of the variability of how they perceived their skills affecting their school’s academic success (R = .70, p < .01). A larger 57% of the variability was predicted from teachers’ perceptions of how their principal’s social and emotional skills affected their school’s academic success (R = .76, p < .01), while principals’ self perceptions of their social and emotional skills predicted 33% of the variance in
Characterizing the Specificity and Cooperation of Aminopeptidases in the Cytosol and Endoplasmic Reticulum during MHC Class I Antigen Presentation

Many MHC class I-binding peptides are generated as N-extended precursors during protein degradation by the proteasome. These peptides can subsequently be trimmed by aminopeptidases in the cytosol and/or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to produce mature epitope. However, the contribution and specificity of each of these subcellular compartments in removing N-terminal amino acids for Ag presentation is not well defined. In this study, we investigated this issue for antigenic precursors that are expressed in the cytosol. By systematically varying the N-terminal flanking sequences of peptides, we show that the amino acids upstream of an epitope precursor are a major determinant of the amount of Ag presentation. In many cases, MHC class I-binding peptides are produced through sequential trimming in the cytosol and ER. Trimming of flanking residues in the cytosol contributes most to sequences that are poorly trimmed in the ER. Because N-terminal trimming has different specificity in the cytosol and ER, the cleavage of peptides in both of these compartments serves to broaden the repertoire of sequences that are presented.
Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10 in rat mammary tumors induced by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine

Microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were examined in mammary tumors induced in Sprague‐Dawley × F344 F1 female rats by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP). Examination of 62 microsatellite loci revealed MI in nine of 15 (60%) PhIP‐induced mammary tumors, and five of these MI‐positive tumors had mutations in more than one microsatellite locus. In contrast, two of 12 (17%) 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced mammary tumors were MI positive but had mutations at only one locus each. Further, by using 37 polymorphic markers specific LOH was observed in four of 15 PhIP‐induced mammary tumors on distal parts of rat chromosome 10, which is homologous to human chromosome 17q, with no background level of LOH. Similarly, DMBA‐induced mammary tumors showed specific LOH on the same region of chromosome 10. These data suggest that mismatch‐repair deficiency and loss of chromosome 10 are involved in carcinogenesis of PhIP‐induced rat mammary tumors. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is Tofu the Cheese of Asia?: Searching for Corresponding Objects across Geographical Areas

Keyword-based search engines are widely used nowadays for content retrieval. Creating queries is relatively easy when users wish to retrieve content in familiar domains (e.g., information about things within their own country). However, they often struggle when searching in unfamiliar domains (e.g., searching for information related to a foreign country). In this paper, we approach the vocabulary gap problem by allowing users to search by analogical examples, that is, by letting them utilize information in familiar domains to perform search in domains unfamiliar to them. In particular, we focus on geographical domains. We propose to build connections between two different spaces (e.g., USA and Japan) by mapping the distributed word representations in one space with the ones in the other space. We first introduce an effective technique for automatically constructing seed pairs of terms to be used for finding the optimal mapping function. Then we propose general and topic-based transformations of terms from one space to another. We test the performance of the proposed approaches on datasets derived from Wikipedia which are related to two quite diverse countries: Japan and USA.
Effectiveness of pranayama on cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: A randomized controlled trial

Context: Incidence of breast cancer is very high among women around the world. Breast cancer patients experience cancer-related fatigue at some points during the treatment for breast cancer. Since cancer-related fatigue is of multifactorial origin, there are no evidence-based treatment strategies for fatigue. This study tested the effectiveness of certain pranayama techniques in reducing cancer-related fatigue among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pranayama on cancer-related fatigue among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy as measured by cancer fatigue scale. Settings and Design: Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Kasturba Hospital Manipal. Materials and Methods: Study was a randomized controlled trial done among breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Statistical Analysis Used: Demographic characteristics of the participants are presented as frequency and percentage. Comparison of means of cancer-related fatigue between the two groups is done by Mann-Whitney U-test and comparison of pre- and pos t-test means of cancer-related fatigue among the experimental group is done by Wilcoxon sign rank test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the scores of cancer-related fatigue. The experimental group of patients who performed pranayama along with radiation therapy experienced less fatigue. Conclusions: Pranayama can be used as a supportive therapy for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Cultural differences in how an engagement-seeking robot should approach a group of people

In our daily life everything and everyone occupies an amount of space, simply by "being there". Edward Hall coined the term proxemics for the studies of man's use of this space. This paper presents a study on proxemics in Human-Robot Interaction and particularly on robot's approaching groups of people. As social psychology research found proxemics to be culturally dependent, we focus on the question of the appropriateness of the robot's approach behavior in different cultures. We present an online survey (N=181) that was distributed in three countries; China, the U.S. and Argentina. Our results show that participants prefer a robot that stays out of people's intimate space zone just like a human would be expected to do. With respect to cultural differences, Chinese participants showed high-contact responses and believed closer approaches were appropriate compared to their U.S. counterparts. Argentinian participants more closely resembled the ratings of the U.S. participants.
The mannosylation of dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides and the formation of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins in pig liver microsomal preparations.

After incubation of GDP-[14C]mannose with pig liver microsomal preparations [14C]mannose can be recovered in dolichol monophosphate mannose (dol-P-man), dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides (dol-P-P-oligosac), oligosaccharide and glycoprotein. The identification and formation of dolichol phosphate mannose has been described in detail (Richards & Hemming, 1972; Evans & Hemming, 1973). Identification of dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides was based on hydrolytic and chromatographic data. Mobility on t.1. c. and on DEAE-cellulose was typical of dolichol diphosphate sugars. Stability to mild treatment with alkali, but lability to mild treatment with acid confirmed this view. In addition, strong treatment with alkali released 14Clabelled oligosaccharide phosphate which was susceptible to calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The nature of the 14C-labelled oligosaccharide portion was investigated after its release by mild treatment with acid. T.1. c. showed this product to be a mixture of seven 14C-labelled oligosaccharides containing seven to 13 sugar residues each. The effects of strong treatment with alkali of the oligosaccharide mixture, followed by acetylation, were monitored by electrophoresis. This indicated that the essentially neutral oligosaccharide contained at least two N-acetylhexosamine residues per oligosaccharide chain. Strong treatment with acid yielded [14C]mannose. Periodateoxidation and NaBH, reduction showed that 60 % of the [14C]mannose was at the non-reducing terminus of the oligosaccharide chains, the other 40% being internal. It was argued that the microsomal preparation had catalysed the transfer of one [14C]mannose residue (sometimes two) to the non-reducing end of the sugar chains of endogenous dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharides. Reduction of the reducing termini of the acid-released mixture of [“C]oligosaccharides with NaB3H4 followed by preparative chromatography and 3H assay enabled assessment of the molar proportions of the oligosaccharides. Determination of the 14C/3H ratios of each oligosaccharide showed that the quantitatively minor components of the mixture had incorporated on average one, or slightly more than one, new mannose residue per chain, but that the major components contained on average only one newly incorporated mannose residue in every four chains.
BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN MEN'S SOCCER: ASTUDY OF A NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION DIVISION ITEAM

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition (BC) and physical performance (PP) in male collegiate soccer players and differences among positions and between starters and non-starters. Twenty-seven male collegiate soccer players were tested at the beginning of the 2003–2004 season (age = 19.9 ± 1.3 years, height = 177.6 ± 6.3 cm, body mass = 77.5 ± 9.2 kg, body fat (BF) = 10.6 ± 5.8 kg, and %BF = 13.9 ± 5.8%). BC, vertical jump (VJ), speed (S), lower-body and total body power production (TPW), and estimated &OV0312;O2max were measured. Values found for BC were similar than the ones in the literature. Significant correlations were found between BC and PP ranging from −0.38 to 0.61 for weight, VJ, S, TPW, and &OV0312;O2max. BF showed a positive correlation with S(r = 0.60) and a negative correlation with &OV0312;O2max (r = −0.67). The values for BC and PP were similar in starters and non-starters with only TPW showing a significantly greater value in starters. It is apparent that all members of a team train to play owing to the long seasons and substitutions, and a high level of excellence is demanded of both starters and non-starters alike. Training programs that equally benefit both groups are important in soccer.