Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIES FOR NETWORKING SYSTEMS

The graph-based metrics (cyclomatic complexity, essential complexity, module design complexity, system design complexity, and system integration complexity) are reviewed and applied for studying the C-code complexity and estimating the number of integration and unit tests for two networking systems: Carrier Networks Support system with switches and routers, and Aggregation System for networking services. Comparing different code releases, it is found that the reduction of the code complexity leads to significant reduction of errors and maintainability efforts. The test and code coverage issues for embedded networking systems are also discussed.
Ways to Implement Global Variance in Statistical Speech Synthesis

Hidden Markov model-based speech synthesis is prone to over-smoothing of spectral parameter trajectories. The maximum-likelihood parameter generation favors smooth tracks and the utterance-level variance of each parameter trajectory is significantly reduced compared to the original recordings. This results in muffled speech. To retain the natural variance, statistical global variance modeling has been used in parameter generation. The modeling increases the utterancelevel variance in synthesis, but it is computationally demanding: there is no closed-form solution and an iterative approach is used. In this paper, we analyze the performance of two simple alternative approaches for retaining the natural variance of spectral parameters in synthesis, namely variance scaling and histogram equalization. Both methods apply analytically solvable parameter generation and impose the natural variance afterwards as an efficient post-processing step. Subjective evaluations carried out on English data confirm that the achieved synthesis quality is higher compared to simple post-filtering and similar to the standard global variance modeling.
The processing of gender agreement during reading comprehension in L2 French: The effects of syntactic complexity and working memory

A longstanding debate in L2 research focuses on how syntactic complexity needs to be operationalized to account for L2 performances. Whereas many studies investigated this issue in L2 production, very few studies focused on L2 sentence processing. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of syntactic complexity on gender agreement processing in L2 French, while controlling for the learners’ working memory capacity. We tested 37 Dutch learners of French by means of a self-paced reading technique. The results showed decreased sensitivity to gender agreement in embedded structures, but increased sensitivity to gender agreement in non-embedded structures. We concluded that the number of clauses in gender agreement constructions accounts for the effect of syntactic complexity on gender agreement processing in L2 French and that this measure is negatively correlated to sensitivity to gender agreement. We furthermore concluded that (non-verbal) working memory does not affect L2 gender agreement processing.
Controlling the Electronic Structure of Bilayer Graphene

We describe the synthesis of bilayer graphene thin films deposited on insulating silicon carbide and report the characterization of their electronic band structure using angle-resolved photoemission. By selectively adjusting the carrier concentration in each layer, changes in the Coulomb potential led to control of the gap between valence and conduction bands. This control over the band structure suggests the potential application of bilayer graphene to switching functions in atomic-scale electronic devices.
Automatically Generating Wikipedia Articles: A Structure-Aware Approach

An apparatus for carrying out connection and disconnection of circuit member to an electrical connector has an inner frame for regulating a space for a circuit to be mounted, an outer frame, disposed outside the inner frame, for supporting the inner frame in such a manner as to move the inner frame in a predetermined direction only, a wedge member which is disposed between the outer frame and the inner frame in such a fashion as to be movable in a direction normal to the predetermined direction, and which moves the inner frame in the predetermined direction when the wedge member is moved, and a drive apparatus for externally driving the wedge member.
Topical Cyclosporin A in the Management of Postkeratoplasty Glaucoma

Purpose To evaluate the effect of substituting topical cyclosporin A 0.5% for topical corticosteroids in patients with postkeratoplasty glaucoma. Methods Topical cyclosporin A 0.5% was prospectively substituted for topical corticosteroids to treat 25 patients with postkeratoplasty glaucoma. Results Twenty-one (84%) of 25 patients showed a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) (range, 1–22 mm Hg; mean, 8.7 mm Hg). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean, 5.8). Graft clarity was maintained in all patients, with one allograft rejection episode. Thirteen patients were able to discontinue one or more glaucoma medication(s). Conclusion Topical cyclosporin A 0.5% may be substituted for topical corticosteroids to aid in the management of postkeratoplasty patients with glaucoma. However, the resultant decrease in IOP may be associated with an increased risk for immune rejections.
Which one is more accurate, BILOG or R program? (a comparison for score test equating)

Evaluation may be carried out using different tests that are not necessarily parallel. Students with lower abilities may get higher scores while those with higher abilities get lower scores. Measurement errors caused by this condition require test equating. Several computer programs, including Bilog and the R program, can be used for test equating. Each program has a different level of accuracy, and the accuracy of the equating results will affect the standard errors of equating. This study aimed to find out the most accurate equating test method and the accuracy of the estimated BILOG and R program. This research used two sets of tests with equivalent group designs. The determination of the most accurate equating method was based on the root mean square deviation (RMSD) value. Equating test packages, A to package B with BILOG program estimation on the mean and Sigma method resulted in RMSD value of 0.320. In the mean and mean method, RMSD value is 0.250. Meanwhile, equating package A to package B using R program on the mean and sigma resulted in RMSD value of 0.300, and the mean and mean method with the RMSD value is 0.272. The mean and mean yield RMSD values smaller than the mean and sigma methods. Therefore, the mean and mean method is more accurate and applicable. Moreover, the estimation results of the BILOG program are more accurate and can be used in test equating.
Settlement scaling and increasing returns in an ancient society

Ancient Mesoamerican settlements obey the same scaling laws as modern cities despite vast differences in economy, technology and political organization. A key property of modern cities is increasing returns to scale—the finding that many socioeconomic outputs increase more rapidly than their population size. Recent theoretical work proposes that this phenomenon is the result of general network effects typical of human social networks embedded in space and, thus, is not necessarily limited to modern settlements. We examine the extent to which increasing returns are apparent in archaeological settlement data from the pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico. We review previous work on the quantitative relationship between population size and average settled area in this society and then present a general analysis of their patterns of monument construction and house sizes. Estimated scaling parameter values and residual statistics support the hypothesis that increasing returns to scale characterized various forms of socioeconomic production available in the archaeological record and are found to be consistent with key expectations from settlement scaling theory. As a consequence, these results provide evidence that the essential processes that lead to increasing returns in contemporary cities may have characterized human settlements throughout history, and demonstrate that increasing returns do not require modern forms of political or economic organization.
Human and Murine Clonal CD8+ T Cell Expansions Arise during Tuberculosis Because of TCR Selection

The immune system can recognize virtually any antigen, yet T cell responses against several pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are restricted to a limited number of immunodominant epitopes. The host factors that affect immunodominance are incompletely understood. Whether immunodominant epitopes elicit protective CD8+ T cell responses or instead act as decoys to subvert immunity and allow pathogens to establish chronic infection is unknown. Here we show that anatomically distinct human granulomas contain clonally expanded CD8+ T cells with overlapping T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires. Similarly, the murine CD8+ T cell response against M. tuberculosis is dominated by TB10.44-11-specific T cells with extreme TCRβ bias. Using a retrogenic model of TB10.44-11-specific CD8+ T cells, we show that TCR dominance can arise because of competition between clonotypes driven by differences in affinity. Finally, we demonstrate that TB10.4-specific CD8+ T cells mediate protection against tuberculosis, which requires interferon-γ production and TAP1-dependent antigen presentation in vivo. Our study of how immunodominance, biased TCR repertoires, and protection are inter-related, provides a new way to measure the quality of T cell immunity, which if applied to vaccine evaluation, could enhance our understanding of how to elicit protective T cell immunity.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF MORPHOGRAPHEMIC CHANGES IN INDONESIAN WRITING RESULTS OF DYSGRAPHIC STUDENTS AT YAYASAN PANTARA JAKARTA AS A SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

The importance of acquiring Indonesian language as a second language underlies the research towards the Indonesian writing results of dysgraphic students at Yayasan Pantara Jakarta. It is very important for Indonesians to acquire Indonesian language because Indonesian language is used as the first language for some city dwellers and a second language for most Indonesians. The main purpose of the research is to identify the morphographemic changes that occur in dysgraphic Indonesian writing results as the second language acquisition at Yayasan Pantara Jakarta. The research used descriptive-qualitative method. The data was taken at Yayasan Pantara Jakarta Elementary School after being conducted direct field survey toward dysgraphic students. The writing analysed based on online KBBI (Indonesian Dictionary) and some theories related to the research. We used the primary theories from Bussmann (1996), Šev? íková (2018), and BOTH (2016). This research also supported by other supporting theories, such as Kidd et al. (2018), Bitchener & Ferris (2012), Sousa (2016), etc. From the analysis of the Indonesian writing results of dysgraphis students at Yayasan Pantara Jakarta, we found some types of morphographemic changes, they are prothesis, epenthesis, paragoge, syncope, apocope, metathesis, and substitution. Prothesis, epenthesis, and paragoge are parts of addition or insertion, while syncope and apocope are parts of deletion.
Threshold-linear versus linear-linear analysis of birth weight and calving ease using an animal model: I. Variance component estimation.

Birth weight and calving difficulty were analyzed with Bayesian methodology using univariate linear models, a bivariate linear model, a threshold model for calving difficulty, and a joint threshold-linear model using a probit approach. Field data included 26,006 records of Gelbvieh cattle. Simulated populations were generated using parameters estimated from the field data. The Gibbs sampler was used to obtain estimates of the marginal posterior mean and standard deviation of the (co)variance components, heritabilities, and correlations. In the univariate analyses, the posterior mean of direct heritability for calving difficulty was . 23 with the threshold model and . 18 with the linear model. Maternal heritabilities were . 10 and . 08, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, posterior means of direct heritability for calving difficulty were . 21 and . 18 for the bivariate linear-threshold and linear-linear model, respectively. Maternal heritabilities were . 09 and . 06, respectively. Direct heritability for birth weight was . 25 for the univariate model and . 26 for bivariate models. Maternal heritability was . 05 for the linear-threshold model and the univariate model and . 06 for the bivariate linear model. Genetic correlation between direct genetic effects in both traits was . 81 for the linear-threshold model and . 79 for the bivariate linear. Residual correlation was . 35 for the bivariate linear model and . 50 for the bivariate linear-threshold. A simulation study confirmed that the posterior mean of the marginal distribution was suitable as a point estimate for univariate threshold and bivariate linear-threshold models.
Integrating Drug Pharmacokinetics for Phenotyping Individual Renin Response to Angiotensin II Blockade in Humans

Abstract—Renin release into plasma has been used to investigate the drug dose-dependence of renin-angiotensin system inhibition because it is proportional to the interruption of the permanent negative feedback loop of angiotensin II on renin secretion. We investigated the 24-hour between-subject differences in renin profiles by analyzing the time-dependence of individual renin responses in 16 mildly sodium-depleted normotensive subjects exposed in a 4-period crossover study to single oral doses of 8- and 16-mg (C8 and C16) candesartan cilexetil and 80- and 160-mg (V80 and V160) valsartan. C8 had a similar effect to V160 in terms of the increase in active renin concentration and decrease in blood pressure. C16 had the strongest effect and V80 the weakest effect on renin release. Within- and between-subject variability was more marked for valsartan pharmacokinetics than for candesartan pharmacokinetics and influenced variability in renin response. To eliminate some of the variability caused by the pharmacokinetics of each drug, we corrected the area under time curve of plasma renin levels by that of plasma drug levels to obtain an individual normalized index of renin release or “renin/pharmacokinetic index”. In these experimental conditions, this index was found to be a reproducible individual characteristic affecting renin response, in addition to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties of angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonists. The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model of renin release described here could be of value for the identification and investigation of renin release abnormalities in patients with hypertension and for the comparison of renin-angiotensin system blockers.
Design of an Acidic Natural Gas Purification Plant by Means of a Process Simulator

One of the most used techniques for gas purification from CO2 and H2S is chemical absorption by means of an amine solution. This technique is energy-demanding and requires an accurate design of the removal-regeneration system which usually consists of an absorber followed by a distillation unit. Processes for the combined removal of CO2 and H2S have two main fields of application: natural gas (NG) plants and refinery gas purification units. The paper is mainly focused on the design, using commercially available process simulators, of a purification unit with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in a large size NG plant of the Emirates from the point of view of an engineering company. Emphasis is given to the way an engineering company approaches the design task with the constraint of the different types of guarantees that the customer requires.
Methemoglobinemia Induced by 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene in Mice with a Disrupted Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1 Gene

A specific substrate to Mu class glutathione S-transferase (GST), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), was administered to mice with a disrupted GST Mu 1 gene (Gstm1-null mice) to investigate the in vivo role of murine Gstm1 in toxicological responses to DCNB. A single oral administration of DCNB at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg demonstrated a marked increase in blood methemoglobin (MetHB) in Gstm1-null mice but not in wild-type mice. Therefore, Gstm1-null mice were considered to be more predisposed to methemoglobinemia induced by a single dosing of DCNB. In contrast, 14-day repeated-dose studies of DCNB at doses up to 600 mg/kg demonstrated a marked increase in blood MetHB in both wild-type and Gstm1-null mice. However, marked increases in the blood reticulocyte count, relative spleen weight, and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen were observed in Gstm1-null mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses in the spleen showed exclusive up-regulation of hematopoiesis-related genes in Gstm1-null mice. These changes were considered to be adaptive responses to methemoglobinemia and attenuated the higher predisposition to methemoglobinemia observed in Gstm1-null mice in the single-dose study. In toxicokinetics monitoring, DCNB concentrations in plasma and blood cells were higher in Gstm1-null mice than those in wild-type mice, resulting from the Gstm1 disruption. In conclusion, it is suggested that the higher exposure to DCNB due to Gstm1 disruption was reflected in methemoglobinemia in the single-dose study and in adaptive responses in the 14-day repeated-dose study.
Dependence of Generation of Whistler Mode Chorus Emissions on the Temperature Anisotropy and Density of Energetic Electrons in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere

We carry out a series of self‐consistent electron hybrid code simulations for the dependence of chorus generation process on the temperature anisotropy and density of energetic electrons in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. We use the same magnetic field gradient in the simulation system and different temperature anisotropy AT for the initial distribution of energetic electrons at the magnetic equator. We conduct 6 sets of simulations for different AT from 4 to 9, changing the initial number density Nh of energetic electrons at the equator in each set of simulations. By analyzing the spectra obtained in the simulation results, we identify chorus elements with rising tones in the results for higher Nh but no distinct chorus in smaller Nh. We compare the simulation results with estimations of the threshold and optimum amplitude proposed by the nonlinear wave growth theory. We find that the chorus generation processes reproduced in the simulation results are consistently explained by the theoretical estimates. We also compare the simulation results with linear growth rates for all simulation runs. We find clear disagreement between the spectral characteristics of reproduced chorus and the predictions by the linear theory. The present study clarifies that the spectra of chorus are essentially different from those predicted by the linear theory and are determined fully by nonlinear processes of wave‐particle interactions in the chorus generation region.
Protective Immunity against Infection with Mycoplasma haemofelis

ABSTRACT Hemoplasmas are potentially zoonotic mycoplasmal pathogens, which are not consistently cleared by antibiotic therapy. Mycoplasma haemofelis is the most pathogenic feline hemoplasma species. The aim of this study was to determine how cats previously infected with M. haemofelis that had recovered reacted when rechallenged with M. haemofelis and to characterize the immune response following de novo M. haemofelis infection and rechallenge. Five specific-pathogen-free (SPF)-derived naive cats (group A) and five cats that had recovered from M. haemofelis infection (group B) were inoculated subcutaneously with M. haemofelis. Blood M. haemofelis loads were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), antibody response to heat shock protein 70 (DnaK) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), blood lymphocyte cell subtypes by flow cytometry, and cytokine mRNA levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Group A cats all became infected with high bacterial loads and seroconverted, while group B cats were protected from reinfection, thus providing the unique opportunity to study the immunological parameters associated with this protective immune response against M. haemofelis. First, a strong humoral response to DnaK was only observed in group A, demonstrating that an antibody response to DnaK is not important for protective immunity. Second, proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels appeared to increase rapidly postinoculation in group B, indicating a possible role in protective immunity. Third, an increase in IL-12p35 and -p40 mRNA and decrease in the Th2/Th1 ratio observed in group A suggest that a Th1-type response is important in primary infection. This is the first study to demonstrate protective immunity against M. haemofelis reinfection, and it provides important information for potential future hemoplasma vaccine design.
Fluid extravasation from spleen reduces blood volume in endotoxemia.

We recently demonstrated that fluid is filtered out of the splenic circulation and into the lymphatic system. The current experiments were designed to investigate the importance of this route of fluid extravasation in endotoxemia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused into conscious intact and splenectomized rats (150 microg x kg(-1). h(-1) i.v. for 18 h). In the intact rats, mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell from 101+/-2.4 to 88+/-3.9 mm Hg (n = 7) and then stabilized at about 90 mm Hg. Hematocrit rose from 41+/-0.9 to 45+/-0.4% at 40 min, at which time plasma volume had fallen from 4.7+/-0.12 to 4.0+/-0.05 ml/100 g body wt. In the splenectomized rats MAP did not fall and hematocrit did not rise. There also was no change in plasma volume, i.e., splenectomy prevented the hypotension and hemoconcentration customarily induced by LPS. In a second series of experiments, splenic arterial and venous blood flows were simultaneously measured in anesthetized rats infused with LPS (150 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). LPS increased splenic fluid efflux. We conclude that during endotoxemia the initial fall in circulating blood volume may be attributed to fluid extravasation from the splenic vasculature.