Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preterm Children Have Disturbances of White Matter at 11 Years of Age as Shown by Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Preterm birth frequently involves white matter injury and affects long-term neurologic and cognitive outcomes. Diffusion tensor imaging has been used to show that the white matter microstructure of newborn, preterm children is compromised in a regionally specific manner. However, until now it was not clear whether these lesions would persist and be detectible on long-term follow-up. Hence, we collected diffusion tensor imaging data on a 1.5-T scanner, and computed fractional anisotropy and coherence measures to compare the white matter integrity of children born preterm to that of control subjects. The subjects for the preterm group (10.9 ± 0.29 y; n = 9; birth weight ≤ 1500 g; mean gestational age, 28.6 ± 1.05 wk) possessed attention deficits, a common problem in preterms. They were compared with age- and sex-matched control children (10.8 ± 0.33 y; n = 10; birth weight ≥ 2500; gestational age, ≥ 37 wk). We found that the preterm group had lower fractional anisotropy values in the posterior corpus callosum and bilaterally in the internal capsules. In the posterior corpus callosum this difference in fractional anisotropy values may partially be related to a difference in white matter volume between the groups. An analysis of the coherence measure failed to indicate a group difference in the axonal organization. These results are in agreement with previous diffusion tensor imaging findings in newborn preterm children, and indicate that ex-preterm children with attention deficits have white matter disturbances that are not compensated for or repaired before 11 y of age.
Leadership behavior: A partial test of the employee work passion model

This study examined empirical associations between employee cognitive perceptions of leader behavior (directive behavior, supportive behavior) and leader values (self-concern, other orientation), employee positive affect and negative affect, and employee work intentions indicative of (dis)passionate employees. An internet-based self-report questionnaire survey was administered to 409 employees within three private sector organizations in Australia. Structural equation modeling indicated that supportive behavior, other-orientation, and self-concern had respective indirect effects on work intentions through employee positive affect. Employee positive affect was a stronger predictor of employee work intentions than was employee negative affect. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed. between Consideration and Initiating Structure and employee affect. the effects fit between and Initiating Structure needed and received on work affective organization but did not measure employee affect directly. demonstrated that leader position power and leader political skill favorably influenced followers' affective reactions (e.g., job satisfaction) through Initiating Structure and Consideration behaviors, however, this study did not use direct measures of employee affect. Both studies reported that Consideration and Initiating Structure were both positively related to favorable employee attitudinal outcomes. We located no studies that examined relations between directive behavior and employee affect and supportive behavior and employee affect. Thus, we offer the following exploratory hypotheses. We propose that while controlling for gender, age, organization level, and organization key employee a field study setting, of employees, experiment. a cross-sectional design implemented in a field setting aim of gathering correlational data to investigate whether the pattern of covariances among measured variables was consistent with hypothesized relations. We acknowledge that other causal models could also be consistent with the same pattern of covariances identified in this study. Furthermore, to reduce concerns relating to testing mediated relations using cross-sectional data, we following procedural and analytical recommendations Aguinis use and reliable use for &
Frequency Regulation From Commercial Building HVAC Demand Response

The expanding penetration of nondispatchable renewable resources within power system generation portfolios is motivating the development of demand-side strategies for balancing generation and load. Commercial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads are potential candidates for providing such demand-response (DR) services as they consume significant energy and because of the temporal flexibility offered by their inherent thermal inertia. Several ancillary services markets have recently opened up to participation by DR resources, provided they can satisfy certain performance metrics. We discuss different control strategies for providing frequency regulation DR from commercial HVAC systems and components, and compare performance results from experiments and simulation. We also present experimental results from a single ~30 000-m2 office building and quantify the DR control performance using standardized performance criteria. Additionally, we evaluate the cost of delivering this service by comparing the energy consumed while providing DR against a counterfactual baseline.
Understanding videos, constructing plots learning a visually grounded storyline model from annotated videos

Analyzing videos of human activities involves not only recognizing actions (typically based on their appearances), but also determining the story/plot of the video. The storyline of a video describes causal relationships between actions. Beyond recognition of individual actions, discovering causal relationships helps to better understand the semantic meaning of the activities. We present an approach to learn a visually grounded storyline model of videos directly from weakly labeled data. The storyline model is represented as an AND-OR graph, a structure that can compactly encode storyline variation across videos. The edges in the AND-OR graph correspond to causal relationships which are represented in terms of spatio-temporal constraints. We formulate an Integer Programming framework for action recognition and storyline extraction using the storyline model and visual groundings learned from training data.
A Spanish Ghetto?: The Effect of Intermediary Structures on the Integration of Second Generation Immigrants

espanolEste articulo analiza la marginalidad juvenil y el proceso cualitativo de guetoizacion en una zona desfavorecida de Madrid. Un estudio etnografico que examina el papel de las estructuras intermedias (familia, comunidad etnica y asociaciones civicas) en las trayectorias de vida de los jovenes excluidos del sistema educativo. Los resultados de este estudio de caso muestran que el efecto benefico de estas estructuras depende de la calidad del capital social que sean capaces de generar, un recurso que surge de la colaboracion especifica entre las organizaciones etnicas, religiosas y seculares en las que las mujeres desempenan un papel decisivo. EnglishThis article discusses youth marginalization and the qualitative process of ghettoization in a disadvantaged area of Madrid. This ethnographic study examines the role of intermediary structures (family, ethnic community and civil associations) on the life trajectories taken by young people who have been excluded from the education system. The results of this research show that the protective effects of these structures depend on the quality of their social capital. This case study also suggests that this kind of capital arises from a specific collaboration between ethnic, religious and secular organizations in which women play a decisive role.
An Asymptotic Mean Value Characterization for a Class of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations Related to Tug-of-War Games

We characterize solutions to the homogeneous parabolic p-Laplace equation $u_{t}=|\nabla u|^{2-p}\Delta_{p}u=(p-2)\Delta_{\infty}u+\Delta u$ in terms of an asymptotic mean value property. The results are connected with the analysis of tug-of-war games with noise in which the number of rounds is bounded. The value functions for these games approximate a solution to the PDE above when the parameter that controls the size of the possible steps goes to zero.
Invariant Ideals of Abelian Group Algebras Under the Action of Simple Linear Groups.

Let G be a group that acts on an abelian group V . Then G acts on the commutative group algebra K[V ], and we are concerned here with classifying the G-stable ideals of K[V ]. Specifically, we discuss recent work related to linear group actions. For example, we consider the case where V is a vector space over a division ring D and where G = D• is the multiplicative group of D. However, for the most part, we are concerned with infinite, locally finite, quasi-simple groups G of Lie type and their finite-dimensional representations. We first discuss the known results for rational representations and then we move on to describe the techniques required to deal with G-modules V that are not rational.
Solidarity with a sharp edge: Communal conflict and local collective action in rural Nigeria

This paper provides new insights into the link between the experience of violent conflict and local collective action. I use the temporal and geographical information from four rounds of survey data from Nigeria to relate measures of cooperation to past and future incidences of communal conflict. I show that local collective action, measured in terms of community meeting attendance and volunteering, is highest before the outbreak of vio-lence – higher than both post-conflict levels and the generally lower levels of cooperation in regions not affected by violence. I develop a ‘mobilisation mechanism’ to explain these findings, arguing that, rather than being an indicator of ‘social capital’, collective action ahead of communal violence is inherently ambiguous, and driven by a form of situational-ly adaptive (and potentially aggressive) ‘solidarity with an edge’. I further show that the positive link between previous exposure to civil war-type violence and cooperation holds for Nigeria, too, but that it holds for rural areas only.
Microhyla laterite sp. nov., A New Species of Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from a Laterite Rock Formation in South West India

In recent times, several new species of amphibians have been described from India. Many of these discoveries are from biodiversity hotspots or from within protected areas. We undertook amphibian surveys in human dominated landscapes outside of protected areas in south western region of India between years 2013–2015. We encountered a new species of Microhyla which is described here as Microhyla laterite sp. nov. It was delimited using molecular, morphometric and bioacoustics comparisons. Microhyla laterite sp. nov. appears to be restricted to areas of the West coast of India dominated by laterite rock formations. The laterite rock formations date as far back as the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and are considered to be wastelands in-spite of their intriguing geological history. We identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of the genus Microhyla from the Indian subcontinent and suggest ways to bridge them.
Dysfunctional putamen modulation during bimanual finger-to-thumb movement in patients with Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting middle-aged and elderly people. PD can be viewed as “circuit disorder,” indicating that large scale cortico-subcortical pathways were involved in its pathophysiology. The brain network in an experimental context is emerging as an important biomarker in disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction. This context-dependent network for PD and the underling functional mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, the brain network profiles in 11 PD patients without dementia were studied and compared with 12 healthy controls. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired when the subjects were performing a pseudorandomized unimanual or bimanual finger-to-thumb movement task. The activation was detected and the network profiles were analyzed by psychophysiological interaction (PPI) toolbox. For the controls and PD patients, the motor areas including the primary motor and premotor areas, supplementary motor area, the cerebellum and parts of the frontal, temporal and parietal gyrus were activated. The right putamen exhibited significant control > PD activation and weaker activity during the bimanual movement relative to the unimanual movement in the control group. The decreased putamen modulation on some nucleus in basal ganglia, such as putamen, thalamus and caudate, and some cortical areas, such as cingulate, parietal, angular, frontal, temporal and occipital gyrus was detected in the bimanual movement condition relative to the unimanual movement condition. Between-group PPI difference was detected in cingulate gyrus, angular gyrus and precuneus (control > PD) and inferior frontal gyrus (PD > control). The deficient putamen activation and its enhanced connectivity with the frontal gyrus could be a correlate of impaired basal ganglia inhibition and frontal gyrus compensation to maintain the task performance during the motor programs of PD patients.
Multimodal Interaction History and its use in Error Detection and Recovery

Multimodal systems still tend to ignore the individual input behavior of users, and at the same time, suffer from erroneous sensor inputs. Although many researchers have described user behavior in specific settings and tasks, little to nothing is known about the applicability of such information, when it comes to increase the robustness of a system for multimodal inputs. We conducted a gamified experimental study to investigate individual user behavior and error types found in an actually running system. It is shown, that previous ways of describing input behavior by a simple classification scheme (like simultaneous and sequential) are not suited to build up an individual interaction history. Instead, we propose to use temporal distributions of different metrics derived from multimodal event timings. We identify the major errors that can occur in multimodal interactions and finally show how such an interaction history can practically be applied for error detection and recovery. Applying the proposed approach to the experimental data, the initial error rate is reduced from 4.9% to a minimum of 1.2%.
The Propagation and Eruption of Relativistic Jets from the Stellar Progenitors of Gamma-Ray Bursts

New two- and three-dimensional calculations are presented of relativistic jet propagation and break out in massive Wolf-Rayet stars. Such jets are thought to be responsible for gamma-ray bursts. As it erupts, the highly relativistic jet core (3° to 5°; Γ ≳ 100) is surrounded by a cocoon of less energetic, but still moderately relativistic ejecta (Γ ~ 15) that expands and becomes visible at larger polar angles (~10°). These less energetic ejecta may be the origin of X-ray flashes and other high-energy transients, which will be visible to a larger fraction of the sky, albeit to a shorter distance than common gamma-ray bursts. Jet stability is also examined in three-dimensional calculations. If the jet changes angle by more than 3° in several seconds, it will dissipate, producing a broad beam with inadequate Lorentz factor to make a common gamma-ray burst. This may be an alternate way to make X-ray flashes.
Relating Carneades with abstract argumentation via the ASPIC+ framework for structured argumentation

Carneades is a recently proposed formalism for structured argumentation with varying proof standards, inspired by legal reasoning, but more generally applicable. Its distinctive feature is that each statement can be given its own proof standard, which is claimed to allow a more natural account of reasoning under burden of proof than existing formalisms for structured argumentation, in which proof standards are defined globally. In this article, the two formalisms are formally related by translating Carneades into the ASPIC+ framework for structured argumentation. Since ASPIC+ is defined to generate Dung-style abstract argumentation frameworks, this in effect translates Carneades graphs into abstract argumentation frameworks. For this translation, we prove a formal correspondence and show that certain rationality postulates hold. It is furthermore proved that Carneades always induces a unique Dung extension, which is the same in all of Dung's semantics, allowing us to generalise Carneades to cycle-containi.
The Impact of Organizational Culture on Accounting Lag 2

The academic literature is critical of management accountants for their failure to initiate change and their inability to promote changed accounting information systems and performance measurement. The motivation for this study is provided by Kaplan (l986) who suggests that 'when manufacturing operations change, the last and most difficult component to change is the accounting system', and by Dunk(l989) who finds that accounting innovations lag operational innovations and that there are benefits arising from minimising the time taken to adopt new accounting measures. The introduction of new management accounting systems to support management initiatives, such as JIT, TQM, ABC and the Balanced Scorecard, provides the opportunity to investigate those factors contributing to accounting lag, and to determine those strategies which might usefully be employed to reduce accounting lag. This study examines the TQM implementations at six diverse manufacturing sites in Adelaide, South Australia. Recent literature from Gosselin (1997) and Bjornenak (1997) has provided a theoretical framework for the investigation of the diffusion of accounting innovation and suggestions of the organisational factors which will influence its impact. This framework facilitates the consideration of industry, ownership, size and organisational culture as potentially influential variables on accounting lag. The Impact of Organizational Culture on Accounting Lag 3
Amperometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulations by a Reduced Graphene Oxide-cobalt Hexacyanoferrate Nanocomposite

Investigation of the redox properties of drugs and their determination are performed by electrochemical techniques. Data obtained from electrochemical techniques are often correlated with molecular structure and pharmacological activity of drugs. In this regard, different modified electrodes were applied as sensors for quantification of different drugs. A nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt hexacyanoferrate was synthesized by a simple precipitation route. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanocomposite comprised nanoparticles of cobalt hexacyanoferrate attached to the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. A nanocomposite-modified carbon paste electrode was then fabricated. It represented prominent activity toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid, and the kinetics of the electrooxidation process was evaluated. Finally, an amperometric method was developed for the quantification of ascorbic acid in different pharmaceutical formulations.
Protective Effects of Hydrogen against Low-Dose Long-Term Radiation-Induced Damage to the Behavioral Performances, Hematopoietic System, Genital System, and Splenic Lymphocytes in Mice

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been previously reported playing an important role in ameliorating damage caused by acute radiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2 on the alterations induced by low-dose long-term radiation (LDLTR). All the mice in hydrogen-treated or radiation-only groups received 0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 1.0 Gy, and 2.0 Gy whole-body gamma radiation, respectively. After the last time of radiation exposure, all the mice were employed for the determination of the body mass (BM) observation, forced swim test (FST), the open field test (OFT), the chromosome aberration (CA), the peripheral blood cells parameters analysis, the sperm abnormality (SA), the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and the histopathological studies. And significant differences between the treatment group and the radiation-only groups were observed, showing that H2 could diminish the detriment induced by LDLTR and suggesting the protective efficacy of H2 in multiple systems in mice against LDLTR.
Visualisation of Human Characteristics in Vehicle and Health Care Product Development

The purpose of the research project described in this paper is to improve the efficiency of product development processes by exchanging knowledge and experiences about user centred design methods and technologies between the two branches: vehicle and health care industries. The health care industry can benefit from visualisation and simulation tools that include computer manikins, a physical representation of the human, and the vehicle industry can benefit from manikins having personal characteristics, which has proven to be successful in the health care industry.
Visualizing web site comparisons

The Web is increasingly becoming an important channel for conducting businesses, disseminating information, and communicating with people on a global scale. More and more companies, organizations, and individuals are publishing their information on the Web. With all this information publicly available, naturally companies and individuals want to find useful information from these Web pages. As an example, companies always want to know what their competitors are doing and what products and services they are offering. Knowing such information, the companies can learn from their competitors and/or design countermeasures to improve their own competitiveness. The ability to effectively find such business intelligence information is increasingly becoming crucial to the survival and growth of any company. Despite its importance, little work has been done in this area. In this paper, we propose a novel visualization technique to help the user find useful information from his/her competitors' Web site easily and quickly. It involves visualizing (with the help of a clustering system) the comparison of the user's Web site and the competitor's Web site to find similarities and differences between the sites. The visualization is such that with a single glance, the user is able to see the key similarities and differences of the two sites. He/she can then quickly focus on those interesting clusters and pages to browse the details. Experiment results and practical applications show that the technique is effective.