Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composition and Diversity of Microbial Communities Recovered from Surrogate Minerals Incubated in an Acidic Uranium-Contaminated Aquifer

ABSTRACT Our understanding of subsurface microbiology is hindered by the inaccessibility of this environment, particularly when the hydrogeologic medium is contaminated with toxic substances. In this study, surrogate geological media contained in a porous receptacle were incubated in a well within the saturated zone of a pristine region of an aquifer to capture populations from the extant communities. After an 8-week incubation, the media were recovered, and the microbial community that developed on each medium was compared to the community recovered from groundwater and native sediments from the same region of the aquifer, using 16S DNA coding for rRNA (rDNA)-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The groundwater and sediment communities were highly distinct from one another, and the communities that developed on the various media were more similar to groundwater communities than to sediment communities. 16S rDNA clone libraries of communities that developed on particles of a specular hematite medium incubated in the same well as the media used for T-RFLP analysis were compared with those obtained from an acidic, uranium-contaminated region of the same aquifer. The hematite-associated community formed in the pristine area was highly diverse at the species level, with 25 distinct phylotypes identified, the majority of which (73%) were affiliated with the β-Proteobacteria. Similarly, the hematite-associated community formed in the contaminated area was populated in large part by β-Proteobacteria (62%); however, only 13 distinct phylotypes were apparent. The three numerically dominant clones from the hematite-associated community from the contaminated site were affiliated with metal- and radionuclide-tolerant or acidophilic taxa, consistent with the environmental conditions. Only two populations were common to both sites.
Call Centre Conversation Summarization: A Pilot Task at Multiling 2015

This paper describes the results of the Call Centre Conversation Summarization task at Multiling’15. The CCCS task consists in generating abstractive synopses from call centre conversations between a caller and an agent. Synopses are summaries of the problem of the caller, and how it is solved by the agent. Generating them is a very challenging task given that deep analysis of the dialogs and text generation are necessary. Three languages were addressed: French, Italian and English translations of conversations from those two languages. The official evaluation metric was ROUGE-2. Two participants submitted a total of four systems which had trouble beating the extractive baselines. The datasets released for the task will allow more research on abstractive dialog summarization.
Problem-Based Learning and Medical Education Forty Years On

Problem-based learning (PBL) has swept the world of medical education since its introduction 40 years ago, leaving a trail of unanswered or partially answered questions about its benefits. The literature is replete with systematic reviews and meta-analyses, all of which have identified some common themes; however, heterogeneity in the definition of a ‘problem-based learning curriculum’ and its delivery, coupled with different outcome measurements, has produced divergent opinions. Proponents and detractors continue to dispute the merits of the cognitive foundation of a PBL approach, but, despite this, there is evidence that graduates of PBL curricula demonstrate equivalent or superior professional competencies compared with graduates of more traditional curricula.
Second screen interaction: an approach to infer tv watcher's interest using 3d head pose estimation

In this paper, we present our "work-in-progress" approach to implicitly track user interaction and infer the interest a user can have for TV media. The aim is to identify moments of attentive focus, noninvasively and continuously, to dynamicaly improve the user profile by detecting which annotated media have drawn the user attention. Our method is based on the detection and estimation of face pose in 3D using a consumer depth camera. This allows us to determine when a user is or not looking at his television. This study is realized in the scenario of second screen interaction (tablet, smartphone), a behavior that has become common for spectators. We present our progress on the system and its integration in the LinkedTV project.
Analyses of brain tumor cell lines confirm a simple model of relationships among fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA index, and comparative genomic hybridization

Several techniques are commonly used for genetic analysis of interphase nuclei. Flow cytometry assays the distribution of DNA content in populations of nuclei stained with a DNA‐specific fluorochrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) quantifies the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence in single nuclei. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) assesses the relative copy number of DNA sequences throughout a test genome by comparing the signal intensities of test and reference DNA samples hybridized to a template of normal metaphase chromosomes. In principle, there are specific relationships among data obtained from these measurements, and combined measurements should provide a more comprehensive view of the sample that is analyzed. We applied these three techniques to nine brain tumor cell lines and find that a model of CGH that includes unsuppressed repeat sequences describes the data well. We estimate that up to 35% of the fluorescence intensity in well‐blocked CGH preparations may not represent unique sequences. Taking these factors into account, our results are, in general, mutually consistent, and highlight issues critical for interpreting CGH preparations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 20:311‐319, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Priming Assad: An Experiment of Ethnic Priming and Attitudes Toward Military Action in Syria

Americans’ low level of support for intervening in Syria presents a puzzle, raising questions about how democracies approach conflict. Scholars have noted that the US’s public may need to view opponents in conflict as different from themselves before military force is used. But what is the tipping point between perceiving someone as “one of us” or “one of them? ” Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s actions fit the model of a villain, but his appearance represents a divergence from recent leaders cast as enemies of the United States. Using a unique experiment examining citizen evaluations of the Syrian crisis, we demonstrate that a subtle manipulation, darkening Assad’s skin tone, led respondents to view him more negatively, as well as increasing support for US intervention to effect regime change. The effect was magnified among subjects with more ethnocentric beliefs. Our experiment’s findings have implications for racial priming, ethnocentrism, and American foreign policy.
Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour

Disgust is an evolved psychological system for protecting organisms from infection through disease avoidant behaviour. This ‘behavioural immune system’, present in a diverse array of species, exhibits universal features that orchestrate hygienic behaviour in response to cues of risk of contact with pathogens. However, disgust is also a dynamic adaptive system. Individuals show variation in pathogen avoidance associated with psychological traits like having a neurotic personality, as well as a consequence of being in certain physiological states such as pregnancy or infancy. Three specialized learning mechanisms modify the disgust response: the Garcia effect, evaluative conditioning and the law of contagion. Hygiene behaviour is influenced at the group level through social learning heuristics such as ‘copy the frequent’. Finally, group hygiene is extended symbolically to cultural rules about purity and pollution, which create social separations and are enforced as manners. Cooperative hygiene endeavours such as sanitation also reduce pathogen prevalence. Our model allows us to integrate perspectives from psychology, ecology and cultural evolution with those of epidemiology and anthropology. Understanding the nature of disease avoidance psychology at all levels of human organization can inform the design of programmes to improve public health.
Neuroendoscopic approach to intraventricular lesions.

OBJECT The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with intraventricular tumors. METHODS A series of 30 patients with endoscopically treated intraventricular lesions is reported. The lesions included seven colloid cysts, six astrocytomas, three subependymomas, two ependymomas, and one each of the following: pineoblastoma, pineocytoma/pineoblastoma (intermediate type), epidermoid cyst, pineal cyst, medulloblastoma, arteriovenous hemangioma, cavernoma, choroid plexus papilloma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, melanoma, and germinoma. Total tumor resections, partial resections, biopsies, stent implantations, septostomies, and third ventriculostomies were performed. In two cases (two subependymomas > 2 cm in diameter), piecemeal endoscopic resection was ineffective because of the very firm consistency of the tumors. Therefore the endoscopic procedure was discontinued and the tumors were removed microsurgically. In the remaining cases the procedures were completed as planned. Even in the presence of difficulties such as poor orientation or significant bleeding, there was no need to abandon the endoscopic procedure. A total of 28 strictly endoscopic interventions were performed, in which the average duration was 85 minutes (range 35-170 minutes). All colloid cysts and the epidermoid lesion were completely evacuated and the capsules were widely resected. Total extirpation of solid tumors was achieved in five cases, whereas most astrocytomas were partially resected. The hydrocephalus-related symptoms resolved in all of the 22 patients with cerebrospinal fluid pathway obstruction. There were no endoscopy-related deaths. In two cases, major bleeding occurred and was controlled endoscopically. The authors observed one case of meningitis, one of mutism, two of memory loss attributed to forniceal injury, one of transient trochlear palsy after a biopsy specimen of an aqueductal tumor was obtained, and one of transient confusion after a biopsy specimen of a germinoma was obtained. CONCLUSIONS In the authors' preliminary experience, the endoscopic approach was found to be safe and effective. In this series, it was possible to achieve relief of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, tumor resections, and even complete tumor removals by using endoscopic techniques. Based on the results, the authors believe that endoscopic techniques should be considered in the treatment of selected intraventricular lesions.
Temporal mechanisms of multimodal binding

The simultaneity of signals from different senses—such as vision and audition—is a useful cue for determining whether those signals arose from one environmental source or from more than one. To understand better the sensory mechanisms for assessing simultaneity, we measured the discrimination thresholds for time intervals marked by auditory, visual or auditory–visual stimuli, as a function of the base interval. For all conditions, both unimodal and cross-modal, the thresholds followed a characteristic ‘dipper function’ in which the lowest thresholds occurred when discriminating against a non-zero interval. The base interval yielding the lowest threshold was roughly equal to the threshold for discriminating asynchronous from synchronous presentations. Those lowest thresholds occurred at approximately 5, 15 and 75 ms for auditory, visual and auditory–visual stimuli, respectively. Thus, the mechanisms mediating performance with cross-modal stimuli are considerably slower than the mechanisms mediating performance within a particular sense. We developed a simple model with temporal filters of different time constants and showed that the model produces discrimination functions similar to the ones we observed in humans. Both for processing within a single sense, and for processing across senses, temporal perception is affected by the properties of temporal filters, the outputs of which are used to estimate time offsets, correlations between signals, and more.
Optimal allele‐sharing statistics for genetic mapping using affected relatives

The choice of allele‐sharing statistics can have a great impact on the power of robust affected relative methods. Similarly, when allele‐sharing statistics from several pedigrees are combined, the weight applied to each pedigree's statistic can affect power. Here we describe the direct connection between the affected relative methods and traditional parametric linkage analysis, and we use this connection to give explicit formulae for the optimal sharing statistics and weights, applicable to all pedigree types. One surprising consequence is that under any single gene model, the value of the optimal allele‐sharing statistic does not depend on whether observed sharing is between more closely or more distantly related affected relatives. This result also holds for any multigene model with loci unlinked, additivity between loci, and all loci having small effect. For specific classes of two‐allele models, we give the most powerful statistics and optimal weights for arbitrary pedigrees. When the effect size is small, these also extend to multigene models with additivity between loci. We propose a useful new statistic, Srob dom, which performs well for dominant and additive models with varying phenocopy rates and varying predisposing allele frequency. We find that the statistic S–#alleles, performs well for recessive models with varying phenocopy rates and varying redisposing allele frequency. We also find that for models with large deviation from null sharing, the correspondence between allele‐sharing statistics and the models for which they are optimal may also depend on which method is used to test for linkage. Genet. Epidemiol. 16:225–249, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of advertising in consumer emotion management

Consumer research has demonstrated that emotions play an important role in the decisionmaking process. Individuals may use consumption or purchasing as a way to manage their emotions. This research develops a model to help explain the process by which individuals engage in consumption to manage their emotions, and examines the efficacy of an advertisement for a hedonic product that uses affect-laden language to stimulate such a process. Results suggest that favourable emotional responses from an advertisement can lead to positive attitudes towards the advertisement, prefactual thinking in the form of hedonic rationalisations and greater behavioural intentions. Additionally, guilt from consuming and purchasing these hedonic products can be mitigated, which is also associated with greater behavioural intentions. Findings have implications for marketers and advertisers of hedonic products.
Digital Games as Multirepresentational Environments for Science Learning: Implications for Theory, Research, and Design

Environments in which learning involves coordinating multiple external representations (MERs) can productively support learners in making sense of complex models and relationships. Educational digital games provide an increasing popular medium for engaging students in manipulating and exploring such models and relationships. This article applies cognitive science research on MERs to a range of popular educational and recreational games that focus on the interpretation and manipulation of models. We leverage the literatures on embodied cognition, adaptive scaffolding, science education, and dynamic visualizations to address the challenges, trade-offs, and questions highlighted by the research. We apply these research-derived design considerations to analyze (a) the extent and forms through which the design considerations are reflected in the design of the games, (b) the implications for designing effective model-based games for learning, and (c) the implications for future research on MERs.
Collagen Scaffolds Implanted in the Palatal Mucosa

Scar formation after repair of the cleft palate leads to growth impairment of the upper jaw and midface. The implantation of a suitable scaffold during surgery may reduce this adverse effect. However, little is known about tissue reactions to scaffolds implanted in the oral cavity. Our goal was to analyze the tissue reactions to cross-linked type I collagen scaffolds after submucoperiosteal implantation in the palate of rats. Collagen type I scaffolds were implanted in the palate of 25 male Wistar rats. Groups of 5 rats were killed consecutively after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks and were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. After 1 and 2 weeks, 3 rats from the sham group were also killed. On hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, the cell density and the number of giant cells were determined. Blood vessels, inflammation, and the presence of myofibroblasts were detected by immunohistochemistry. An influx of inflammatory cells started after 1 week but had completely subsided after 8 weeks. Myofibroblasts were observed within the scaffolds only in the first 2 weeks. Angiogenesis already started after 1 week and showed a peak after 4 weeks, slowly declining afterward. The scaffolds were gradually integrated within the host tissue and only elicited a mild and transient inflammatory response. The scaffolds were biocompatible and seemed to be promising for future applications in cleft palate surgery.
Concurrent herpes simplex viral lymphadenitis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, mimicking large-cell (Richter) transformation

Richter syndrome (RS) is a condition in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) changes into a fast-growing type of lymphoma [1]. On the basis of published data, the incidence of transformation from CLL/SLL to RS ranges from 2.2% to 8% [2]. Generally, localized herpes lymphadenitis is not recognized because lymph node biopsy is performed very uncommonly. So far, only 23 cases of HSV lymphadenitis have been reported in the literature [3,4]. Most of the reported cases of herpes lymphadenitis happened in patients with hematologic malignancies [4–11]. Although the clinical presentations of herpes lymphadenitis and large-cell transformation (Richter syndrome) in CLL/SLL are clinically indistinguishable, treatments for both conditions are vastly different. Therefore, special attention needs to be given by pathologists and clinicians to avoid misdiagnosis and wrong treatment of these two clinical presentations. A 75-year-old man presented with complaints of generalized weakness, fatigue and painless generalized lymph node enlargement for 3 weeks. He also reported fever, cough and clear whitish sputum for 1 day. He denied hemoptysis, wheezing, dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, peripheral edema, dizziness, diarrhea, urinary symptoms, or any bleeding. He also denied any sick contact, night sweats, loss of weight, or loss of appetite. He had medical history of hypertension. He was diagnosed with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) 4 years ago. He was treated with FCR (fludarabine 25 mg/m, cyclophosphamide 25 mg/m, rituximab 375 mg/m). His last dose of FCR was 6 weeks before presentation. He had pneumonia treated with intravenous antibiotics in the hospital 2 months before. On physical examination, his blood pressure was 110/55 mmHg, heart rate was 83 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 18 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation was 100% on room air, and his temperature was 98.68F. He was not in acute distress. He had conjunctival pallor, moist mucus membranes, and a supple neck. Neither the liver nor the spleen was palpable. He had generalized lymphadenopathy involving bilateral cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, and inguinal regions. Lymph nodes were firm, non-tender and mobile. Palpable size range was 2 cm to 6 cm. He had no focal neurological deficits, no skin rash, or vesicles and no ano-genital lesions. The patient’s temperature continued to fluctuate, between 978F and 1038F. Blood and urine cultures were negative, and chest x-ray showed no infiltrate. He was treated with a week of oral antibiotics (levofloxacin) for acute bronchitis. The lymphadenopathy did not disappear with antibiotic therapy. On the basis of patient’s clinical presentation, differential diagnoses were transformation of CLL into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and infectious lymphadenitis.
Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Performance in the English Language among Middle-School Students in English Language Program in Satri Si Suriyothai School, Bangkok

This study investigated students' perception of self efficacy and anxiety in acquiring English language, and consequently examined the relationship existing among the independent variables, confounding variables and students' performances in the English language. The researcher tested the research hypotheses using a sample group of 318 respondents out of the population size of 400 students. The results obtained revealed that there was a significant moderate negative relationship between English language anxiety and performance in English language, but no significant relationship between self-efficacy and English language performance, among the middle-school students. There was a significant moderate negative relationship between English language anxiety and self-efficacy. It was discovered that general self-efficacy and English language anxiety represented a significantly more powerful set of predictors than the set of confounding variables. Thus, the study concluded that English language anxiety and general self-efficacy were significant predictors of English language performance among middle-school students in Satri Si Suriyothai School.
Physical activity and risk of endometrial cancer: The European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

The etiologic role of physical activity in endometrial cancer risk remains unclear given the few epidemiologic studies that have been conducted. To investigate this relation more fully, an analysis was undertaken in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). During an average 6.6 years of follow‐up, 689 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified from an analytic cohort within EPIC of 253,023 women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between type of activity (total, occupational, household, recreational) and endometrial cancer risk. For total activity, women in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of activity had a risk of 0.88 (95% confidence interval (95% CI = 0.61–1.27). No clear associations between each type of activity and endometrial cancer risk were found for the total study population combined. Associations were more evident in the stratified results, with premenopausal women who were active versus inactive experiencing a risk of 0.66 (95% CI = 0.38–1.14) overall. Among premenopausal women, for household and recreational activities the risk estimates in the highest as compared with the lowest quartiles were, respectively, 0.48 (95% CI = 0.23–0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.44–1.39). No effect modification by body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive use or energy intake was found. This study provides no evidence of a protective effect of increased physical activity in endometrial cancer risk in all women but some support for a benefit among premenopausal women. The relative risk reductions are most apparent for household activities. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.