Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The general setting for Shape Analysis

In shape analysis, the concept of shape spaces has always been vague, requiring a case-by-case approach for every new type of shape. In this paper, we give a general definition for an abstract space of shapes in a manifold. This notion encompasses every shape space studied so far in the literature, and offers a rigorous framework for several possible generalizations. We then give the appropriate setting for LDDMM methods of shape analysis, which arises naturally as a sub-Riemannian structure on a shape space. This structure is deduced from the space of infinitesimal deformations and their infinitesimal action. We then describe the properties of the Hamiltonian geodesic flow, and study several applications of equivariant mappings between shape spaces.
Lesions of dorsolateral striatum preserve outcome expectancy but disrupt habit formation in instrumental learning

Habits are controlled by antecedent stimuli rather than by goal expectancy. Interval schedules of feedback have been shown to generate habits, as revealed by the insensitivity of behaviour acquired under this schedule to outcome devaluation treatments. Two experiments were conducted to assess the role of the dorsolateral striatum in habit learning. In Experiment 1, sham operated controls and rats with dorsolateral striatum lesions were trained to press a lever for sucrose under interval schedules. After training, the sucrose was devalued by inducing taste aversion to it using lithium chloride, whereas saline injections were given to the controls. Only rats given the devaluation treatment reduced their consumption of sucrose and this reduction was similar in both the sham and the lesioned groups. All rats were then returned to the instrumental chamber for an extinction test, in which the lever was extended but no sucrose was delivered. In contrast to sham operated controls, rats with dorsolateral striatum lesions refrained from pressing the lever if the outcome was devalued. To assess the specificity of the role of dorsolateral striatum in this effect a second experiment was conducted in which a group with lesions of dorsomedial striatum was added. In relation now to both the sham and the dorsomedial lesioned groups, only rats with lesions of dorsolateral striatum significantly reduced responding after outcome devaluation. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for habit formation. Furthermore, it suggests that, when the habit system is disrupted, control over instrumental performance reverts to the system controlling the performance of goal‐directed instrumental actions.
Evaluating Semantic Web Service Matchmaking Effectiveness Based on Graded Relevance

Semantic web services (SWS) promise to take service oriented computing to a new level by allowing to semi-automate time-consuming programming tasks. At the core of SWS are solutions to the problem of SWS matchmaking, i.e., the problem of comparing semantic goal descriptions with semantic offer descriptions to determine services able to fulfill a given request. Approaches to this problem have so far been evaluated based on binary relevance despite the fact that virtually all SWS matchmakers support more fine-grained levels of match. In this paper, a solution to this discrepancy is presented. A graded relevance scale for SWS matchmaking is proposed as are measures to evaluate SWS matchmakers based on such graded relevance scales. The feasibility of the approach is shown by means of a preliminary evaluation of two hybrid OWL-S matchmakers based on the proposed measures.
Effect of pay satisfaction on organizational commitment: Mediating effect of organizational trust

본 연구는 임금만족의 하위 요인들이 조직 몰입의 하위 요인들에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴보고, 이 관계에서 조직신뢰(경영진, 구성원 신뢰) 변인이 매개효과를 보이는지를 검증하였다. 본 연구를 위해 다양한 직종의 근로자 410명으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 가설 검증을 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 임금수준 만족은 연속적 몰입에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 임금정책/관리 만족은 정서적 몰입에 정적인 영향, 연속적 몰입에는 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 복리후생 만족은 정서적, 연속적, 규범적 몰입 모두에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 임금 정책/관리와 복리후생 만족이 경영진과 구성원 신뢰에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 경영진 신뢰는 연속적 몰입에 부적인 영향을 구성원 신뢰는 정서적, 규범적 몰입에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 매개효과 검증 결과, 구성원 신뢰는 임금정책/관리와 정서적 몰입, 복리후생과 정서적 몰입, 복리후생과 규범적 몰입 간의 관계를 부분 매개 하였고, 경영진 신뢰는 임금정책/관리와 연속적 몰입, 복리후생과 연속적 몰입 간의 관계를 부분 매개하였다.
Peak power and interference outage probability constrained optimal transmission policy for underlay cognitive radios

In an underlay cognitive radio (CR) system, a secondary user (SU) can transmit even when the primary is on but under stringent constraints on the interference that it causes at the primary receiver (PRx). The interference constraint fundamentally influences and changes how the SU transmits. We develop a novel and optimal transmit power policy for an SU that minimizes its symbol error probability (SEP) when it is subject to two practically motivated constraints, namely, a peak transmit power constraint and an interference outage probability constraint. We derive new expressions for the SEP of the optimal transmit power policy for MPSK. Our results bring out the impact of several system parameters such as the peak transmit power, the target outage probability, the interference threshold, and the constellation size on the SEP of the CR system.
An actor-centric bottom-up view of institutions: Combinatorial knowledge dynamics through the eyes of institutional entrepreneurs and institutional navigators

This paper argues that lack of focus on agency, intention, and interest is a weakness in regional innovation studies and studies focusing on knowledge dynamics. There is a need to systematically anchor a role for agency in institutionally oriented regional innovation studies, and thus to reach beyond snapshots of top-down institutions, and to produce a more nuanced view on institutions bottom up. To elaborate the conceptual link between institutions and combinatorial knowledge dynamics, this paper discusses two intertwined theoretical lenses, and proposes a conceptual framework for a study of institutions bottom-up. First, the basic tenets of institutions are discussed; second, a conceptual distinction between cumulative and combinatorial knowledge dynamics is introduced; and, third, a conceptual framework to study institutions bottom-up to complement top-down oriented studies is proposed. The main scientific motivation here is to open a bottom-up view on institutions by linking them to the combinatorial knowledge dynamics approach by using agency as an intermediating framework.
THE CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA - DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

A FORTRAN program was developed to simulate the basic parameters of a microwave circular patch antenna. These parameters are the actual radius of patch, effective radius of patch, conductance due to radiation, conductance due to conduction, conductance due to dielectric loss, directivity, input resistance and quality factors due to conduction, dielectric loss, and radiation. Alongside, these parameters were manually computed. Four substrates were selected - Galium Arsenide, Duroid, Indium Phosphide and Silicon. Deductions made from the results showed that Galium Arsenide is suitable when smaller antenna size and low power handling capability is apriori. However, when size is not a constraint, Duroid is exceptional especially in directivity and high power radiation. Patch radius decreases as the resonant frequency increases (0.2374cm at 10.0GHz and 0.05079 cm at 45.0GHz for GaAs). The results obtained in this design compare favorably with results obtained from manual computation of the same parameters and these agree with other designs such as the rectangular patch.
Clathrin-Independent Entry of Baculovirus Triggers Uptake of E. coli in Non-Phagocytic Human Cells

The prototype baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, an insect pathogen, holds great potential as a gene therapy vector. To develop transductional targeting and gene delivery by baculovirus, we focused on characterizing the nature and regulation of its uptake in human cancer cells. Baculovirus entered the cells along fluid-phase markers from the raft areas into smooth-surfaced vesicles devoid of clathrin. Notably, regulators associated with macropinocytosis, namely EIPA, Pak1, Rab34, and Rac1, had no significant effect on viral transduction, and the virus did not induce fluid-phase uptake. The internalization and nuclear uptake was, however, affected by mutants of RhoA, and of Arf6, a regulator of clathrin-independent entry. Furthermore, the entry of baculovirus induced ruffle formation and triggered the uptake of fluorescent E. coli bioparticles. To conclude, baculovirus enters human cells via a clathrin-independent pathway, which is able to trigger bacterial uptake. This study increases our understanding of virus entry strategies and gives new insight into baculovirus-mediated gene delivery in human cells.
Data-Adaptive Prediction of Sea-Surface Temperature in the Arabian Sea

A nonlinear data-adaptive approach known by the name of genetic algorithm has been proposed for predicting satellite-observed sea-surface temperature (SST) in the Arabian Sea. A preliminary empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis has been carried out to separate the temporal variability from the spatial variability, and the algorithm has been applied to the time series of the principal components (PCs). The algorithm finds explicit analytical forecast equations that are later used to forecast the PCs. Afterward, predicted SSTs have been reconstructed using the predicted PCs and precomputed EOFs. Performance of the forecast has been evaluated by comparing it with persistence forecast, and it has been found that the algorithm is able to improve upon persistence forecast for the lead times of two to four weeks.
A novel t(9;22;11) translocation involving 11q24 in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report

Variant Philadelphia chromosome translocations involving chromosomes other than 9 and 22 have been reported in 5–10% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As part of the three-way variant t(9;22;11) in patients with CML, 11q24 is a novel region that has not previously been investigated. A 22-year-old male exhibiting chronic phase CML developed a recurrence of the same phase subsequent to the interruption of imatinib treatment and showed the same chromosomal abnormality, t(9;22;11)(q34;q11.2;q24), that was detected at the initial diagnosis. The recurrent CML responded well to imatinib therapy. These findings suggest that the three-way variant, t(9;22;11), involving 11q24 may be associated with a good prognosis and response to imatinib. This is the first report of three-way variant involving 11q24 in a patient with CML.
Analysis of Firm Compliance with Multiple Environmental Regulations

When a firm is regulated under multiple environmental programs, its compliance behavior under these programs can be complementary or substituting—regulations of one program either increase or decrease firm compliance with other programs. This paper examines the existence and the nature of such cross program effects. A panel data model with panel corrected standard error (PCSE) is estimated using data on facilities regulated under both the air program (Clean Air Act, CAA) and the hazardous waste program (Reservation and Conservation Recovery Act, RCRA). Results show evidence of negative cross program effects of RCRA regulations on facility compliance with CAA. Increases in RCRA inspections and RCRA penalties as well as the threat of an RCRA inspection result in facilities complying less with CAA regulations. Furthermore, facilities that are regulated under other programs such as Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Clean Water Act (CWA) show less compliance than other facilities. Positive withinprogram effects are found, with the threat of a CAA inspection and actual CAA penalty imposing positive effects on CAA compliance. In addition, unemployment rates are negatively related to compliance while population density is positively related to compliance.
Reduced salivary flow and colonization by mutans streptococci in children with Down syndrome

OBJECTIVES: Although individuals with Down syndrome have considerable oral disease, the prevalence of dental caries in this group is low. The present study aimed to compare known risk factors for dental caries development in children with Down syndrome and a matched population (siblings). In both populations, the number of acidogenic microorganisms, such as mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Candida species, and the paraffin-stimulated pH, flow rate and IgA concentration in whole saliva were evaluated and compared. METHOD: Saliva was collected, and the caries index was evaluated in 45 sibling pairs aged between 6 and 18 years old. The salivary IgA concentration was determined by immunoturbidimetry. Salivary mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and Candida species were quantified on mitis salivarius agar containing bacitracin and 20% sucrose, rogosa agar supplemented with glacial acetic acid and sabouraud agar supplemented with chloramphenicol, respectively. RESULTS: Down syndrome children had a higher caries-free rate (p<0.05) and lower salivary mutans streptococci counts (p<0.03) compared to their siblings. Similar numbers of lactobacilli and Candida species were found in both groups. Salivary flow rates were 36% lower in Down syndrome children compared to their siblings (p<0.05). The salivary pH did not differ between Down syndrome children and controls. The Down syndrome children had an IgA secretion rate 29% lower than that of their siblings, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the lower number of mutans streptococci in the saliva may be one of the factors contributing to the lower caries rate observed in Down syndrome children, despite evidence of hyposalivation.
Global Elites, Privilege and Mobilities in Post-organized Capitalism

The four books under review form part of a resurgent social science interest in elites as obligatory entry points in understanding changing relations of power and growing inequalities in a post-organized capitalism. All four books demonstrate, in differing but often complementary ways, that in an age of formal meritocracy, rising powers, government outsourcing, weightless information economies, financial deregulation, and increasingly dense digitized networked information and communication systems, elites have changed. Their mobile lives, their ability to feel at ease in almost any situation, and their role as intermediaries connecting different spheres of cultural, economic and political life are defining features of the new, truly global elites. The four books demonstrate the enduring influence of Bourdieu as a
Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in a Rural Population

Purpose A low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level in the blood has been correlated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus; however, the association between serum 25(OH)D level and insulin resistance has not been established in a Korean rural population. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent association between serum 25(OH)D level and insulin resistance in rural Korean adults. Materials and Methods This study used data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study-Kangwha Study. In the 2011 study, 1200 adults completed health examinations. In an ancillary study, serum 25(OH)D level was measured in a subsample (n=813). After excluding those taking vitamin D supplements, a cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 807 participants (324 men and 483 women) aged 40 to 89 years old. Measured from overnight fasting blood samples, glucose and insulin levels were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Measures of glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were log-transformed for parametric tests. Results Serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β=-0.003, p=0.039) in a univariate analysis. However, the association was not significant after adjustment for sex and age (β=-0.002, p=0.123) or after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and regular exercise (β=-0.003, p=0.247). Conclusion Our findings suggest that vitamin D is not independently associated with insulin resistance in Korean men and women.
YouLighter: An Unsupervised Methodology to Unveil YouTube CDN Changes

YouTube relies on a massively distributed Content Delivery Network (CDN) to stream the billions of videos in its catalogue. Unfortunately, very little information about the design of such CDN is available. This, combined with the pervasiveness of YouTube, poses a big challenge for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), which are compelled to optimize end-users' Quality of Experience (QoE) while having no control on the CDN decisions.This paper presents YouLighter, an unsupervised technique to identify changes in the YouTube CDN. YouLighter leverages only passive measurements to cluster co-located identical caches into edge-nodes. This automatically unveils the structure of YouTube's CDN. Further, we propose a new metric, called Pattern Dissimilarity, that compares the clustering obtained from two different time snapshots, to pinpoint sudden changes. While several approaches allows us to compare the clustering results from the same dataset, no technique measures the similarity of clusters from different datasets. Hence, we develop a novel methodology, based on the Pattern Dissimilarity, to solve this problem.By running YouLighter over 10-month long traces obtained from ISPs, we pinpoint both sudden changes in edge-node allocation, and modifications to the cache allocation policy which actually impair the QoE that the end-users perceive.
Another proof of the alternating sign matrix conjecture

Author(s): Kuperberg, Greg | Abstract: Robbins conjectured, and Zeilberger recently proved, that there are 1! 4! 7! (3n-2)! /n! /(n+1)! /. /(2n-1)! alternating sign matrices of order n. We give a new proof of this result using an analysis of the six-vertex state model (also called square ice) based on the Yang-Baxter equation.
Physical Education Teacher Candidates' Beliefs About Instructing Students With Disabilities in Adapted Aquatics

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain teacher candidates’ beliefs about instructing students with severe disabilities in adapted aquatics as a requirement of their physical education teacher education (PETE) program. The participants were 10 PETE teacher candidates (6 male and 4 female) enrolled in adapted physical education courses coupled with an adapted aquatic practicum. This explanatory case study was situated in the theory of planned behavior. The data sources were face-to-face interviews, self-reflective journaling entries, and follow-up e-mail messages. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis, and we uncovered the following themes: (a) expectations unmet, (b) limited choice, and (c) experiential learning. Based on the findings, it is clear at least a minimal amount of course work in adapted physical activity (including adapted aquatic instruction) and in special education and hands-on experiences working with students with disabilities should be recommended, if not required, in PETE programs.
Is evidence for enhanced mass transfer during dwarf-nova outbursts well substantiated?

Outburst mechanisms of SU UMa-type dwarf novae are discussed. Two competing models were proposed; a pure disk instability model called the thermal-tidal instability model (TTI model) and the enhanced mass transfer model (EMT model). Observational evidence for enhanced mass transfer from the secondary star during outbursts is critically examined. It is demonstrated that most evidence for enhanced mass transfer is not well substantiated. Patterson et al. (2002) have recently claimed to have found evidence for enhanced mass transfer during the 2001 outburst of WZ Sge. We show that their evidence is probably due to a misinterpretation of their observed light curves. Our theoretical analysis also shows that irradiation during outburst should not affect the mass transfer rate. A refinement of the TTI model is proposed that can explain why superhumps appear a few days after the superoutburst maximum in some SU UMa stars. We present our own interpretation of the overall development of the 2001 outburst of WZ Sge based on the TTI model that does not require the assumption of an unproved enhanced mass transfer.
Unstable periodic orbits and the dimensions of multifractal chaotic attractors.

The probability measure generated by typical chaotic orbits of a dynamical system can have an arbitrarily fine-scaled interwoven structure of points with different singularity scalings. Recent work has characterized such measures via a spectrum of fractal dimension values. In this paper we pursue the idea that the infinite number of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the support of the measure provides the key to an understanding of the structure of the subsets with different singularity scalings. In particular, a formulation relating the spectrum of dimensions to unstable periodic orbits is presented for hyperbolic maps of arbitrary dimensionality. Both chaotic attractors and Chaotic repellers are considered.
Surface Cathepsin B Protects Cytotoxic Lymphocytes from Self-destruction after Degranulation

The granule exocytosis cytotoxicity pathway is the major molecular mechanism for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, but the question of how these cytotoxic lymphocytes avoid self-destruction after secreting perforin has remained unresolved. We show that CTL and NK cells die within a few hours if they are triggered to degranulate in the presence of nontoxic thiol cathepsin protease inhibitors. The potent activity of the impermeant, highly cathepsin B–specific membrane inhibitors CA074 and NS-196 strongly implicates extracellular cathepsin B. CTL suicide in the presence of cathepsin inhibitors requires the granule exocytosis cytotoxicity pathway, as it is normal with CTLs from gld mice, but does not occur in CTLs from perforin knockout mice. Flow cytometry shows that CTLs express low to undetectable levels of cathepsin B on their surface before degranulation, with a substantial rapid increase after T cell receptor triggering. Surface cathepsin B eluted from live CTL after degranulation by calcium chelation is the single chain processed form of active cathepsin B. Degranulated CTLs are surface biotinylated by the cathepsin B–specific affinity reagent NS-196, which exclusively labels immunoreactive cathepsin B. These experiments support a model in which granule-derived surface cathepsin B provides self-protection for degranulating cytotoxic lymphocytes.
MicroRNAs in Hyperglycemia Induced Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

Hyperglycemia is closely associated with prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hyperglycemia increases the risk of vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease and cerebro/cardiovascular diseases. Under hyperglycemic conditions, the endothelial cells become dysfunctional. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to different glucose concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 40 mM glucose) and at various time intervals (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). miRNA microarray analyses showed that there is a correlation between hyperglycemia induced endothelial dysfunction and miRNA expression. In silico pathways analyses on the altered miRNA expression showed that the majority of the affected biological pathways appeared to be associated to endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis. We found the expression of ten miRNAs (miR-26a-5p, -26b-5p, 29b-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-1-3p, -130b-3p, -140-5p, -192-5p, -221-3p and -320a) to increase gradually with increasing concentration of glucose. These miRNAs were also found to be involved in endothelial dysfunction. At least seven of them, miR-29b-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-1-3p, -130b-3p, -221-3p, -320a and -192-5p, can be correlated to endothelial cell apoptosis.