Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise HPC storage systems

High performance compute systems place an increasing demand on the their primary connected storage systems. Modern filesystem implementations are no longer just for “scratch” only, data availability and data integrity are considered just as important as performance. In today's market place as well as in advanced research, the demands on a storage system increase along a number of fronts including capacity, data integrity, system reliability, and system manageability, in addition to an ever-increasing need for performance. Understanding the tuning parameters available, the enhancements in RAID reliability as well as possible tradeoffs between slightly opposing tuning models becomes a critical skill. The Lustre filesystem has for many years been the most popular distributed filesystem for HPC. While the Lustre community to date has been partial to older Lustre server and client releases, a number of the new features desired by many users, requires moving to more modern versions. The major dilemma historically has been that client versions such as 1.8. × perform faster than the 2. × releases, but support for modern Linux kernels is only available with recent Lustre server releases, and newly-implemented feature sets requires moving to newer client versions. This paper examines the client and server tuning models, security features and the advent of new RAID schemes along with their implications for performance. Specifically, when using benchmarking tools such as IOR, new testing models and parameter sets requires storage I/O benchmarking to change and more closely mimic contemporary application I/O workloads.
A study of magnetic coupling and selection of operating frequency for static and dynamic EV charging system

In this paper analytical study have been undertaken to relate the operating frequency of the inverter in inductive power transfer system used to charge the electrical vehicle that is free to move. The distance varies the mutual inductance of the pickup coil and the resonance frequency of Inductive Power Transfer system. The study also shows the maximum power transfer is achieved by the appropriate choice of inverter operating frequency and depends on the distance between the pickup coils. The analytical results have been numerical validated using MATLAB. The inverter operation and its frequency dependency for maximum power transfer for varying distance between the pickup coils have been verified through simulation.
Squamous epithelial lesion of the mandibles and maxillae of wild mink (Mustela vison) naturally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls

Aproximately125km of the KalamazooRiver, located in southwestern Michigan (USA), are designated as a Superfund site, with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as the contaminant of concern. Mink (Mustela vison) are a naturally occurring predator in this area and also a species of concern because of their known sensitivity to 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) and structurally similar compounds, such as PCBs. Four of nine mink trapped from the Kalamazoo River area of concern (KRAOC) exhibited histological evidence of a jaw lesion previously identified in ranch mink. The jaw lesion, hyperplasia of squamous epithelium in the mandible and maxilla, is known to be caused by 3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and TCDD. Mink trapped from an upstream reference area (Fort Custer Recreation Area [FCRA]) did not exhibit the lesion. Mean concentrations of total PCBs were 2.8 and 2.3 mg/kg wet weight in the livers of mink from the KRAOC and FCRA, respectively, and TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations were 0.30 and 0.11 μg/kg wet weight, respectively. Significant correlations were found between the severity of the lesion and the hepatic concentrations of total PCBs and TEQs. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of the lesion occurring in wild mink.
The effects of expertise, agreement, and situational context on perceptions of bias in authorities

The current study explored how individuals perceive bias in various authorities making arguments for one side of a controversial topic (in this case, anthropogenic global warming [AGW]). Recent theorizing on the nature of belief suggests that unavoidable time and energy constraints demand that individuals resolve their predicaments economically by relying upon authorities to provide useful information on topics of interest (Hardin, 2009). Emotional indicators of belief may to facilitate the decision-making process by highlighting the plausibility of information in light of past experiences (Leicester, 2008). The present study explored perceptions of bias in authorities based upon three factors: a. ) credentials of the presenting authority, b. ) a prime casting climate change as either a scientific or moral issue, and c. ) agreement of the authority’s argument with participants’ prior climate change beliefs. Analysis revealed a significant interaction between argument agreement and authority, suggesting that individuals selectively consider an authority’s credentials when perceiving bias, depending on the authority’s agreement with one’s prior beliefs. Participants were unable to recall many, if any, resources by which they had learned about AGW. As well, higher levels of belief certainty and moral engagement in AGW were associated with more lenient treatment of agreeing authorities and harsher treatment of disagreeing authorities. These findings suggest that individuals may dismiss inconvenient scientific opinions when a more agreeable argument is presented, even when such an argument is presented by one with few valid credentials.
Homomorphic encryption from codes

We propose a new homomorphic encryption scheme based on the hardness of decoding under independent random noise from certain affine families of codes. Unlike in previous lattice-based homomorphic encryption schemes, where the message is hidden in the noisy part of the ciphertext, our scheme carries the message in the affine part of the transformation and applies noise only to achieve security. Our scheme can tolerate noise of arbitrary magnitude, as long as the noise vector has sufficiently small hamming weight (and its entries are independent). Our design achieves "proto-homomorphic" properties in an elementary manner: message addition and multiplication are emulated by pointwise addition and multiplication of the ciphertext vectors. Moreover, the extremely simple nature of our decryption makes the scheme easily amenable to bootstrapping. However, some complications are caused by the inherent presence of noticeable encryption error. Our main technical contribution is the development of two new techniques for handling this error in the homomorphic evaluation process. We also provide a definitional framework for homomorphic encryption that may be useful elsewhere.
Definable Compactness and Definable Subgroups of o‐Minimal Groups

The paper introduces the notion of definable compactness and within the context of o‐minimal structures proves several topological properties of definably compact spaces. In particular a definable set in an o‐minimal structure is definably compact (with respect to the subspace topology) if and only if it is closed and bounded. Definable compactness is then applied to the study of groups and rings in o‐minimal structures. The main result proved is that any infinite definable group in an o‐minimal structure that is not definably compact contains a definable torsion‐free subgroup of dimension 1. With this theorem, a complete characterization is given of all rings without zero divisors that are definable in o‐minimal structures. The paper concludes with several examples illustrating some limitations on extending the theorem.
Chain Based RNN for Relation Classification

We present a novel approach for relation classification, using a recursive neural network (RNN), based on the shortest path between two entities in a dependency graph. Previous works on RNN are based on constituencybased parsing because phrasal nodes in a parse tree can capture compositionality in a sentence. Compared with constituency-based parse trees, dependency graphs can represent relations more compactly. This is particularly important in sentences with distant entities, where the parse tree spans words that are not relevant to the relation. In such cases RNN cannot be trained effectively in a timely manner. However, due to the lack of phrasal nodes in dependency graphs, application of RNN is not straightforward. In order to tackle this problem, we utilize dependency constituent units called chains. Our experiments on two relation classification datasets show that Chain based RNN provides a shallower network, which performs considerably faster and achieves better classification results.
Perspectives series: cell adhesion in vascular biology. Integrin signaling in vascular biology.

Integrin Signaling in Vascular Biology 1 J. Clin. Invest. © The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc. 0021-9738/97/07/0001/05 $2.00 Volume 100, Number 1, July 1997, 1–5 Integrin Signaling in Vascular Biology Sanford J. Shattil* ‡ and Mark H. Ginsberg* * Department of Vascular Biology and ‡ Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
The Evolution of Technology Acceptance Theories

Technology acceptance has become one of the most significant subjects in software engineering field. Many theories and models have been proposed over the years to explain the individuals’ usage behavior towards technologies. This research paper focuses on the evolution of the technology acceptance theories and models by reviewing and comparing them. This study reviews a group of ten technology acceptance theories that were analyzed and arraigned according to their chronological order of evolution. This study reveals that these theories and models are similar in their structure, but different in their explanation for the behavior and usage. It considers that the best theory should be comprehensive and less complexity according to the number of the constructs and moderators represent their structure. This will make the theory more applicable and understandable especially for studying the acceptance behavior for any new technology or information system.
Estimation of constrained optimisation models for agricultural supply analysis based on generalised maximum entropy

The paper introduces a general methodological approach for the estimation of constrained optimisation models in agricultural supply analysis. It is based on optimality conditions of the desired programming model and shows a conceptual advantage compared with Positive Mathematical Programming in the context of well-posed estimation problems. Moreover, it closes the empirical and methodological gap between programming models and duality-based models with explicit allocation of fixed factors. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with a maximum entropy estimator to evaluate the functionality of the approach as well as the impact of empirically relevant prior information with small samples. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
A functional element necessary for fetal hemoglobin silencing.

BACKGROUND An improved understanding of the regulation of the fetal hemoglobin genes holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for fetal hemoglobin induction in the β-hemoglobinopathies. Although recent studies have uncovered trans-acting factors necessary for this regulation, limited insight has been gained into the cis-regulatory elements involved. METHODS We identified three families with unusual patterns of hemoglobin expression, suggestive of deletions in the locus of the β-globin gene (β-globin locus). We performed array comparative genomic hybridization to map these deletions and confirmed breakpoints by means of polymerase-chain-reaction assays and DNA sequencing. We compared these deletions, along with previously mapped deletions, and studied the trans-acting factors binding to these sites in the β-globin locus by using chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We found a new (δβ)(0)-thalassemia deletion and a rare hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin deletion with identical downstream breakpoints. Comparison of the two deletions resulted in the identification of a small intergenic region required for γ-globin (fetal hemoglobin) gene silencing. We mapped a Kurdish β(0)-thalassemia deletion, which retains the required intergenic region, deletes other surrounding sequences, and maintains fetal hemoglobin silencing. By comparing these deletions and other previously mapped deletions, we elucidated a 3.5-kb intergenic region near the 5' end of the δ-globin gene that is necessary for γ-globin silencing. We found that a critical fetal hemoglobin silencing factor, BCL11A, and its partners bind within this region in the chromatin of adult erythroid cells. CONCLUSIONS By studying three families with unusual deletions in the β-globin locus, we identified an intergenic region near the δ-globin gene that is necessary for fetal hemoglobin silencing. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Female-to-male infectivity of HIV-1 among circumcised and uncircumcised Kenyan men.

BACKGROUND A lack of male circumcision has been associated with increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition in a number of studies, but questions remain as to whether confounding by behavioral practices explains these results. The objective of the present study was to model per-sex act probabilities of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission (i.e., infectivity) for circumcised and uncircumcised men, by use of detailed accounts of sexual behavior in a population with multiple partnerships. METHODS Data were collected as part of a prospective cohort study of HIV-1 acquisition among 745 Kenyan truck drivers. Sexual behavior with wives, casual partners, and prostitutes was recorded at quarterly follow-up visits. Published HIV-1 seroprevalence estimates among Kenyan women were used to model HIV-1 per-sex act transmission probabilities. RESULTS The overall probability of HIV-1 acquisition per sex act was 0.0063 (95% confidence interval, 0.0035-0.0091). Female-to-male infectivity was significantly higher for uncircumcised men than for circumcised men (0.0128 vs. 0.0051; P=.04). The effect of circumcision was robust in subgroup analyses and across a wide range of HIV-1 prevalence estimates for sex partners. CONCLUSIONS After accounting for sexual behavior, we found that uncircumcised men were at a >2-fold increased risk of acquiring HIV-1 per sex act, compared with circumcised men. Moreover, female-to-male infectivity of HIV-1 in the context of multiple partnerships may be considerably higher than that estimated from studies of HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. These results may explain the rapid spread of the HIV-1 epidemic in settings, found throughout much of Africa, in which multiple partnerships and a lack of male circumcision are common.
An N=1 Triality by Spectrum Matching

On promoting the type IIA side of the N=1 Heterotic/type IIA dual pairs of [1] to M-theory on a `barely G_2 Manifold' of [2], by spectrum-matching we show a possible triality between Heterotic on a self-mirror Calabi-Yau, M-theory on the above `barely G_2-Manifold' constructed from the Calabi-Yau on the type IIA side and $F$-theory on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 4-fold fibered over a trivially rationally ruled CP^1 x E base, E being the Enriques surface. We raise an apparent puzzle on the F-theory side, namely, the Hodge data of the 4-fold derived can not be obtained by a naive freely acting orbifold of CY_3(3,243) x T^2 as one might have guessed on the basis of arguments related to dualities involving string, M and (definition of) F theories. There are some interesting properties of the antiholomorphic involution used in \cite{VW} for constructing the type IIA orientifold and by us in constructing the 'barely G_2 manifold', that we also study.
Multiobjective dynamic optimization of an industrial Nylon 6 semibatch reactor using genetic algorit

The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is adapted and used to obtain multiobjective Pareto optimal solutions for three grades of nylon 6 being produced in an industrial semibatch reactor. The total reaction time and the concentra- tion of an undesirable cyclic dimer in the product are taken as two individual objectives for minimization, while simultaneously requiring the attainment of design values of the final monomer conversion and for the number-average chain length. Substantial improvements in the operation of the nylon 6 reactor are indicated by this study. The technique used is very general in nature and can be used for multiobjective optimization of other reactors. Good mathematical models accounting for all the physicochemical aspects operative in a reactor (and which have been preferably tested on industrial data) are a prerequisite for such optimization studies. q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 69-87, 1998
Frequency of Pathogenic Paediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Mozambique: The Critical Role of Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Estimate the Burden of Disease

Background In Sub-Saharan Africa, including Mozambique, acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) represents a main cause of childhood mortality. The burden of ABM is seriously underestimated because of the poor performance of culture sampling, the primary method of ABM surveillance in the region. Low quality cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and frequent consumption of antibiotics prior to sample collection lead to a high rate of false-negative results. To our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the frequency of ABM in Mozambique using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and to compare results to those of culture sampling. Method Between March 2013 and March 2014, CSF samples were collected at 3 regional hospitals from patients under 5 years of age, who met World Health Organization case definition criteria for ABM. Macroscopic examination, cytochemical study, culture, and qPCR were performed on all samples. Results A total of 369 CSF samples were collected from children clinically suspected of ABM. qPCR showed a significantly higher detection rate of ABM-causing pathogens when compared to culture (52.3% [193/369] versus 7.3% [27/369], p = 0.000). The frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group B Streptococci, and Neisseria meningitidis were 32.8% (121⁄369), 12.2%, (45⁄369), 3.0% (16⁄369) and 4.3% (11⁄369), respectively, significantly higher compared to that obtained on culture (p < 0.001 for each). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that culture is less effective for the diagnosis of ABM than qPCR. The common use of culture rather than qPCR to identify ABM results in serious underestimation of the burden of the disease, and our findings strongly suggest that qPCR should be incorporated into surveillance activities for ABM. In addition, our data showed that S. pneumoniae represents the most common cause of ABM in children under 5 years of age.
Aversion to Norm-Breaking : A Model 1

In experimental games, we observe the following phenomena: (1) Many subjects cooperate contrary to their material interest, (2) they cooperate in a reciprocal manner, (3) subjects often punish those others who behave unkindly, and (4) previous history usually inuences subjectschoices. We propose a simple game-theoretical model to account for these and other experimental phenomena, and compare it with other models of social preferences and reciprocity. Keywords: Emotions, Fairness, Path-Dependency, Reciprocity, Social Norms. JEL classi cation numbers: C70, C72, D63, D64, D74, Z13.
Dynamics and Geometry of Icosahedral Order in Liquid and Glassy Phases of Metallic Glasses

The geometrical properties of the icosahedral ordered structure formed in liquid and glassy phases of metallic glasses are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the Zr-Cu alloy system as well as a simple model for binary alloys, in which we can change the atomic size ratio between alloying components. In both cases, we found the same nature of icosahedral order in liquid and glassy phases. The icosahedral clusters are observed in liquid phases as well as in glassy phases. As the temperature approaches to the glass transition point Tg, the density of the clusters rapidly grows and the icosahedral clusters begin to connect to each other and form a medium-range network structure. By investigating the geometry of connection between clusters in the icosahedral network, we found that the dominant connecting pattern is the one sharing seven atoms which forms a pentagonal bicap with five-fold symmetry. From a geometrical point of view, we can understand the mechanism of the formation and growth of the icosahedral order by using the Regge calculus, which is originally employed to formulate a theory of gravity. The Regge calculus tells us that the distortion energy of the pentagonal bicap could be decreased by introducing an atomic size difference between alloying elements and that the icosahedral network would be stabilized by a considerably large atomic size difference.
The X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate GX339-4 in a low state

We report on four observations of the black hole candidate GX 339-4 collected in the spectral range 0.4−140 keV with the BeppoSAX satellite during 1997. All our spectra are typical of a black hole candidate in its low-hard state, i.e. are dominated by the hard tail of the emission from the corona. Although the direct emission from the accretion disk in the soft X-ray range is weak, spectra are well described only with models that take into consideration the Compton reflection of hard X-rays from the corona onto the surface of an accretion disk of non negligible extent.
Friendship and Votes: The Impact of Interpersonal Ties on Legislative Decision Making

THOMAS HOBBES said, “To have friends is power: for they are strengths united” (Hobbes 1651, chapter 10). Put simply, friendship entails interpersonal ties or bonds that are characterized by affection or esteem. Networks of friends provide distinctive lines of communication, channel the exchange of information and influence, establish a basis for interpersonal commitments and loyalties, and provide the social capital needed for goal attainment. Social scientists have explored friendship networks and their consequences in a variety of social and political contexts, from the Irish village to the urban community, from patron-client relations to the Mafia, and from the U.S. Senate to the U.S. electorate (see, for instance, Baker 1980; Boissevain 1974; Fischer Friendship and Votes: The Impact of Interpersonal Ties on Legislative Decision Making