Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in healthcare professional work afforded by technology: The introduction of a national electronic patient record in an English hospital

This article considers changes in healthcare professional work afforded by technology. It uses the sociology of professionals’ literature together with a theory of affordances to examine how and when technology allows change in healthcare professional work. The study draws from research into the introduction of a national electronic patient record in an English hospital. We argue that electronic patient record affords changes through its materiality as it interacts with healthcare professional practice. Its affordances entail some level of standardisation of healthcare professional conduct and practice, curtailment of professional autonomy, enlargement of nurses’ roles and redistribution of clinical work within and across professional boundaries. The article makes a contribution to the growing literature advocating a cultural approach to the study of technological affordances in organisations and to studies that explore healthcare professional practice in conjunction with the materiality of technology. Two main lines of argument are developed here. First, that technological affordances do not solely lie with the materiality of technology nor with individual perceptions, but are cultivated and nurtured within a broader cultural–institutional context, in our case a professional context of use. Second, that technological affordance of change is realised when healthcare professionals’ (individual and collective) perceptions of technology (and of its materiality) fit with their sense of (professional) self. In this respect, the article shows the extent to which the materiality of technology plays out with professional identity and frames the level and extent to which technology can and cannot afford restructuring of work and redistribution of power across professional groups.
First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Structure of Mg2Si with Doping

The electronic structures of Mg2Si and Al, Cu doped Mg2Si have been calculated by first-principles pseudo-potential method. The calculated results show that Mg2Si is an indirect semiconductor with the band gap of 0.2994 eV, the valence bands of Mg2Si are composed of Si 3p, Mg 3s, 3p and the conduction bands are mainly composed of Mg 3s, 3p as well as Si 3p. Al-doped Mg2Si sample is n-type semiconductor and the conduction bands near Fermi level are composed of Si 3p, Mg 3s, 3p and Al 3p. Cu-doped Mg2Si sample is p-type semiconductor and the valance bands near Fermi level are composed of Si 3p, Mg 3s, 3p and Cu 3d.
Religious Affiliation and Attendance Among Immigrants in Eight Western Countries: Individual and Contextual Effects

This study examines the religious affiliation and participation of immigrants from a large-scale, comparative perspective. I propose a “specific migration” framework, in which immigrants’ religiosity is an outcome of both individual characteristics and contextual properties related to immigrants’ country of origin, country of destination, and combinations of origin and destination (i.e., communities). I use notions discussed in the religion and migration literature that fit into this scheme. To test these ideas, I collected and standardized 20 existing surveys on immigrants in eight Western countries, yielding about 38,000 immigrants. Applying multilevel models, I found, among other things, that: (1) immigrants from countries with higher levels of modernization express lower levels of religious commitment; (2) immigrants in religious countries are more religious themselves; and (3) the well-documented higher levels of religious commitment among women is not generalizable to immigrants.
The meaning of learning piano keyboard in the lives of older Chinese people

Across the globe populations are ageing and living longer. Older people seek meaningful ways of occupying and enjoying their later years. Frequently, this takes the form of learning a new skill, in this case playing the piano keyboard. From the initial act of commitment to learning comes a raft of related aspects that influence the learner, their family and their community. This qualitative study investigates the keyboard learning experiences of 16 Chinese older amateur keyboard learners who actively participate in group keyboard lessons at Tangshan Older People University, China. This article uses a phenomenological qualitative research approach to explore the meaning of playing keyboard in their later life. This research utilized a case study design. The data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The data show how keyboard learning contributes to older adult by providing ways for maintaining emotional well-being, physical well-being, experiencing lifelong learning and realizing their achievement through performance.
Football Violence in Italy

This article attempts to summarize the available evidence on spectators' violence affecting professional football in Italy. Using different sources of data, the author discusses the quantitative aspects of Italian football hooliganism, showing the steady increase of the phenomenon during the Seventies and the Eighties, and depicts the history, both from the cultural and organizational point of view, of so called ultras groups. Finally, he discusses the results of an empirical research among football hooligans supporting a team in the first Division.
THE IMPACT OF SEVERE NEGATIVE EVENTS IN MARRIAGE ON DEPRESSION

Abstract Despite a strong body of evidence for an important association between marital discord and depression, issues of causality have been difficult to disentangle. In an attempt to better understand one aspect of the marital discord/depression link, the impact of severe negative marital events on the development of depression was assessed in women with no prior history of major depression (N = 50). The specific goals of the study were to examine rates of depression occurring after the severe negative marital event and to determine the types of events in marriage that wives perceived as severely negative. The rate of Major Depressive Episodes in this group of women experiencing a severe negative marital event (38%) was significantly higher than reported incidence rates. Additionally, participants had significantly elevated rates of depressive symptomatology both shortly after the event and two months later. The most frequently reported negative events were separation/divorce, extramarital affairs, and .
Hearing loss is negatively related to episodic and semantic long-term memory but not to short-term memory.

PURPOSE To test the relationship between degree of hearing loss and different memory systems in hearing aid users. METHOD Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to study the relationship between auditory and visual acuity and different cognitive and memory functions in an age-hetereogenous subsample of 160 hearing aid users without dementia, drawn from the Swedish prospective cohort aging study known as Betula (L.-G. Nilsson et al., 1997). RESULTS Hearing loss was selectively and negatively related to episodic and semantic long-term memory (LTM) but not short-term memory (STM) performance. This held true for both ears, even when age was accounted for. Visual acuity alone, or in combination with auditory acuity, did not contribute to any acceptable SEM solution. CONCLUSIONS The overall relationships between hearing loss and memory systems were predicted by the ease of language understanding model (J. Rönnberg, 2003), but the exact mechanisms of episodic memory decline in hearing aid users (i.e., mismatch/disuse, attentional resources, or information degradation) remain open for further experiments. The hearing aid industry should strive to design signal processing algorithms that are cognition friendly.
New Perspectives for Counseling Psychologists

This set of articles on the interface of work and relationship in people’s lives can be read in three ways, each of which leads to new perspectives for the professional practice of counseling psychologists. Practice in this article refers to the professional activities of counseling psychologists relevant to theory, research, and intervention. First, these articles provide a conceptual framework and research base that establishes the significance of this interface as a major focus of practice. Second, they can be read as occupying a transitional space between old and new ways of construing the field of career development and vocational behavior. Third, the two interview-based research articles represent interesting case studies in the movement toward the acceptance and use of qualitative research design and methods. This discussion addresses each of these readings. My aim is to encourage a further shift in the direction of the new perspectives that are identified.
Apprenticeship under the English Gild System

If history is to be used effectively to shed light upon present problems it must be used guardedly; for the exact conditions of the past are never reproduced in the present. Many a problem of bygone ages has reappeared in modern times, but with so different a setting that the solution attained in the past may be ineffective today. So in the case of the problem of industrial education, which has become so prominent since the disappearance of the American frontier, it must not be forgotten by those who propose a revival of the apprenticeship system that times have changed and that apprenticeship, as it existed in England from the thirteenth to the nineteenth century, would be utterly out of place in the majority of occupations today. On the other hand the system was, in its time, a success; for no institution could have lasted as long as this did unless it had met certain vital social needs. It accomplished certain results for the individual and for society which we expect the industrial training of today to accomplish. A study of certain of its phases may, then, be of some use. The success of the apprenticeship system during the Middle Ages and the period of the Renaissance was largely due to two factors: First, the close personal relationship and identity of interest existing between master and apprentice; and second, the supervision of master and apprentice by the craft gilds. These factors were fostered by the social and economic conditions of the Middle Ages, but passed away under the changed economy of modern times. To the loss of the proper personal relationship and identity of interest existing between master and apprentice and to the lack of adequate supervision over this relationship is partially due the decay of the apprenticeship system. As Sombart points out, one can only understand the relation
Effect of ergotamine and ergonovine on thermal regulation and cardiovascular function in cattle.

Research was conducted to determine whether individual ergot alkaloids could induce signs of fescue toxicosis. Nine Angus heifers received single i.v. injections of ergotamine tartrate, ergonovine maleate, and saline vehicle in a simple cross-over design. Each heifer received a different compound each week and all treatments during the study. Physiological traits measured 15 min before and 30, 60, and 90 min after treatment were respiration rate, rectal and skin temperatures, systolic and diastolic pressures, and heart rate. Blood samples were collected 5 min before and 105 min after treatments to assess plasma prolactin concentrations. Heifers were on a fescue-free diet in drylot. Ambient temperature averaged 35 degrees C during data collection. A treatment x time interaction existed (P < .05) for respiration rate and prolactin concentrations. Ergot alkaloids altered (P < .05) all traits across time, except rectal temperature. Heifers under the influence of ergot alkaloids exhibited significantly lower skin temperature, heart rate, and prolactin and had higher respiration rate and blood pressure. Results indicated that individual ergot alkaloids administered i.v. induced signs of fescue toxicosis in cattle.
Comparison of the dominant lethal effects of acrylonitrile and acrylamide in male Fischer 344 rats.

Acrylonitrile (ACN) and acrylamide (AA), structurally similar vinyl monomers, are both animal carcinogens. ACN is weakly mutagenic in bacteria and induces sister-chromatid exchange, unscheduled DNA synthesis and cell transformation in cells in culture. AA induces chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow, blood and germ cells in vivo, and dominant lethal mutations in the germ cells of male mice and rats. In the current study, the ability of AA and ACN to induce dominant lethal mutations in the germ cells of male Fischer 344 rats was compared. Three groups of 50 males were gavaged daily for 5 days with ACN (60 mg/kg in normal saline), AA (30 mg/kg in normal saline) or vehicle only; an additional group of 20 males received a single i.p. injection of 0.2 mg/kg triethylenemelamine (TEM) on the afternoon of day 5. Starting 1 day after exposure, each male was bred to one female per week for 4 weeks (TEM-exposed group) or 10 weeks (ACN, AA and control groups). Mating rates were reduced only during week 1 in the TEM-treated group; pregnancy rates were reduced only during week 2 in the AA-exposed group and week 4 in the TEM-treated group. Females were necropsied 13 days after the end of the appropriate mating week and the amount of pre- and post-implantation loss calculated. ACN treatment of male rats induced no increases in either pre- or post-implantation loss in females in any of the 10 weeks post-exposure examined. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Plantar Flexor Muscle Static Stretching Alone and Combined With Massage on Postural Balance

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of stretching and combined therapy (stretching and massage) on postural balance in people aged 50 to 65 years. Methods Twenty-three subjects participated in this nonrandomized clinical trial study. Each participant randomly received plantar flexor muscle stretching (3 cycles of 45 seconds with a 30-second recovery period between cycles) alone and in combination with deep stroking massage (an interval of at least 30 minutes separated the two interventions). The data were recorded with a force platform immediately after each condition with eyes open and closed. The center of pressure displacement and velocity along the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes were calculated under each condition. The data were analyzed with multiple-pair t-tests. Results The center of pressure displacement and velocity along the mediolateral axis increased after both stretching and the combined intervention. There were significant differences in both values between participants in the stretching and combined interventions (p<0.05). Conclusion Plantar flexor muscle stretching (for 45 seconds) combined with deep stroking massage may have more detrimental effects on postural balance than stretching alone because each intervention can intensify the effects of the other.
Student Organizations as Venues for Black Identity Expression and Development among African American Male Student Leaders

Ways in which membership in student organizations, both predominantly Black and mainstream, provide space for Black identity expression and development were explored in this study. Based on individual interviews conducted with African American male student leaders at six predominantly White universities, findings reveal a nexus between Black identity status, the selection of venues for out-of-class engagement, and the use of student organizations as platforms for racial uplift and the advocacy of racial/ethnic minority student interests. Moreover, the acquisition of cross-cultural communication skills, the development of care for other disenfranchised groups, and the pursuit of social justice via leadership and student organization membership were reported by the participants and are connected to racial identity development theories in this article.
On the single-target accuracy of OFDM radar algorithms

Two OFDM radar algorithms (the Maximum Likelihood and a MUSIC-based algorithm) are introduced and their fundamental limits concerning accuracy are explained. To simplify the analysis, we research the special case of only one target in the radar's detection range, which facilitates the individual effects on the estimation quality. Through simulations, we can show that OFDM radar works well for this case.
Checking Consistency of an ABox w.r.t. Global Assumptions in PDL

We reformulate Pratt’s tableau decision procedure of checking satisfiability of a set of formulas in PDL. Our formulation is simpler and its implementation is more direct. Extending the method we give the first ExpTime (optimal) tableau decision procedure not based on transformation for checking consistency of an ABox w.r. t. a TBox in PDL (here, PDL is treated as a description logic). We also prove a new result that the data complexity of the instance checking problem in PDL is coNP-complete.
Novel diversity receivers in the presence of Gaussian channel estimation errors

Novel diversity receivers that operate in the presence of Gaussian channel estimation errors are proposed for L independent and identically distributed fading channels. Previous work concerned with channel estimation errors has mainly examined the performance of maximal ratio combining (MRC) with estimation errors. It is shown here that MRC is not optimal when estimation errors occur. Moreover, it is shown that better diversity receivers that operate in the presence of Gaussian channel estimation errors can be obtained by using knowledge of the channel estimate statistics. Numerical results show that the derived new diversity receivers can perform as much as 2.0 dB in signal-to-noise ratio better than the conventional MRC receiver in some cases
Dyssynchrony, Contractile Function, and Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background—Despite benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with severe but less symptomatic heart failure, approximately 30% of patients do not fully respond to treatment. We hypothesized that a combined assessment of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony and contractile function by strain-based imaging would identify patients who would most benefit from CRT. Methods and Results—We studied 1077 patients with New York Heart Association class I/II, LV ejection fraction ⩽30% and QRS width ≥130 ms enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy trial with sufficient echocardiographic image quality for cardiac deformation analysis (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD], n=416; CRT, n=661). Patients were assigned to CRT plus an ICD or to ICD alone in 3:2 random assignment. We assessed the degree to which baseline echocardiographic assessments of dyssynchrony, measured as the standard deviation of time-to-peak transverse strain over 12 segments, contractile function, measured as global longitudinal strain, or both predicted the effect of treatment on the primary outcome of death or heart failure. With 213 primary events occurring over a mean of 2.4 years, the benefit of CRT plus an ICD relative to ICD alone was greatest in patients with mild to moderate dyssynchrony (time-to-peak transverse strain standard deviation, 142 to 230 ms) and greater baseline contractile function (global longitudinal strain ⩽−8.7%). Overall, those patients with mild to moderate dyssynchrony and those with best contractile function at baseline demonstrated the greatest benefit from CRT (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.44). Dyssynchrony and global longitudinal strain predicted response to CRT independent of each other, QRS width, LV ejection fraction, and presence versus absence of left bundle-branch block, although the observed benefit remained greatest in patients with left bundle-branch block. Conclusions—Both mechanical dyssynchrony and contractile function are important independent correlates of benefit from CRT. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00180271.
Planetary companions around the K giant stars 11 Ursae Minoris and HD 32518

Context. 11 UMi and HD 32518 belong to a sample of 62 K giant stars that has been observed since February 2004 using the 2m Alfred Jensch telescope of the Thuringer Landessternwarte ( TLS ) to measure precise radial velocities (RVs). Aims. The aim of this survey is to investigate the dependence of planet formation on the mass of the host star by searching for planetary companions around intermediate-mass giants. Methods. An iodine absorption cell was used to obtain accurate RVs for this study. Results. Our measurements reveal that the RVs of 11 UMi show a periodic variation of 516.22 days with a semiamplitude of K = 189.70 m s -1 . An orbital solution yields a mass function of $f(m)$ = (3.608 ± 0.441) $\times$ 10 -7 solar masses ($M_{\odot}$) and an eccentricity of e = 0.083 ± 0.03. The RV curve of HD 32518 shows sinusoidal variations with a period of 157.54 days and a semiamplitude of K = 115.83 m s -1 . An orbital solution yields an eccentricity, e = 0.008 ± 0.03 and a mass function, $f(m)$ = (2.199 ± 0.235) $\times$ 10 -8 $M_{\odot}$. The HIPPARCOS photometry as well as our H α core flux measurements reveal no variability with the RV period. Thus, Keplerian motion is the most likely explanation for the observed RV variations for both giant stars. Conclusions. An exoplanet with a “minimum mass” of m sin i = 10.50 ± 2.47 Jupiter masses ($M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) orbits the K giant 11 UMi. The K1 III giant HD 32518 hosts a planetary companion with a “minimum mass” of m sin i = 3.04 ± 0.68 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ in a nearly circular orbit. These are the 4th and 5th planets published from this TLS survey.
The Induction of Newly Qualified Teachers in Schools: where next?

>ABSTRACT The induction of newly qualified teachers has improved little In the past 25 years, despite considerable efforts, and recent Government policy changes add to the complexity of the task. This paper reports on a survey of induction in Wales which found that NQTs, particularly in primary schools, were increasingly likely to be appointed on short‐term contracts, to receive little ‘induction’ release time and to be the subject of unclear assessment policies. It also found that mentoring, competences and profiles for NQTs were at a very early stage of implementation, and were ill‐understood. The paper concludes with some proposals for policy and practice designed to improve induction.
Social Mainstreaming of Mildly Handicapped Students

Social integration of students can be defined in terms of their peer acceptance, friendships, and participation in group activities. Social integration of children with mild-to-moderate behavior and learning handicaps is often a major obstacle to successful mainstreaming in elementary schools. The regular classroom presents important opportunities for overcoming this obstacle. In this article we emphasize teaching social skills and addressing classroom relationships in order to make the most of such opportunities. To teach social skills, we recommend assessing skill and performance deficits as well as behavior excesses to reveal students' learning needs. Such needs may then be corrected by use of a simple but effective directive instruction method featuring teacher description and demonstration of needed skills, followed by student practice with feedback. Teacher control over practice is decreased as the student shows increasing mastery of the social skill. The teacher should also attend to relationships involving herself or himself, the mainstreamed student, and the regular class students. We note a variety of steps the teacher might take, before and after the mainstreamed student arrives, to increase the chances that such relationships are positive and support social mainstreaming.