Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of DPSA bipolar junction transistors in radiation environment

This paper related the irradiation reliability properties exhibited by double polysilicon self aligned (DPSA) bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Gummel curses, leakage current of junction and breakdown voltage were measured before and after 60Co γ irradiation for two bias modes. We found that the devices are susceptible to 60Co γ irradiation, especially the parameters of base current and C-B junction leakage current. We also found that the devices biased on reverse mode were more susceptible than biased on forward mode.
Calcium Site Specificity

The molecular mechanisms by which Ca2+ and metal ions interact with the binding sites that modulate the tight junctions (TJs) have not been fully described. Metal ions were used as probes of these sites in the frog urinary bladder. Basolateral Ca2+ withdrawal induces the opening of the TJs, a process that is abruptly terminated when Ca2+ is readmitted, and is followed by a complete recovery of the TJ seal. Mg2+ and Ba2+ were incapable of keeping the TJ sealed or of inducing TJ recovery. In addition, Mg2+ causes a reversible concentration-dependent inhibition of the Ca2+-induced TJ recovery. The effects of extracellular Ca2+ manipulation on the TJs apparently is not mediated by changes of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The transition elements, Mn2+ and Cd2+, act as Ca2+ agonists. In the absence of Ca2+, they prevent TJ opening and almost immediately halt the process of TJ opening caused by Ca2+ withdrawal. In addition, Mn2+ promotes an almost complete recovery of the TJ seal. Cd2+, in spite of stabilizing the TJs in the closed state and halting TJ opening, does not promote TJ recovery, an effect that apparently results from a superimposed toxic effect that is markedly attenuated by the presence of Ca2+. The interruption of TJ opening caused by Ca2+, Cd2+, or Mn2+, and the stability they confer to the closed TJs, might result from the interaction of these ions with E-cadherin. Addition of La3+ (2 μM) to the basolateral Ca2+-containing solution causes an increase of TJ permeability that fully reverses when La3+ is removed. This effect of La3+, observed in the presence of Ca2+ (1 mM), indicates a high La3+ affinity for the Ca2+-binding sites. This ability of La3+ to open TJs in the presence of Ca2+ is a relevant aspect that must be considered when using La3+ in the evaluation of TJ permeability of epithelial and endothelial membranes, particularly when used during in vivo perfusion or in the absence of fixatives.
Dispatcher-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Time to Identify Cardiac Arrest and Deliver Chest Compression Instructions

Background— Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR), in which 9-1-1 dispatchers provide CPR instructions over the telephone, has been shown to nearly double the rate of bystander CPR. We sought to identify factors that hampered the identification of cardiac arrest by 9-1-1 dispatchers and prevented or delayed the provision of dispatcher-assisted CPR chest compressions. Methods and Results— We reviewed dispatch recordings for 476 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011. We found that the dispatcher correctly identified cardiac arrest in 80% of reviewed cases and 92% of cases in which they were able to assess patient consciousness and breathing. The median time to recognition of the arrest was 75 seconds. Chest compressions following dispatcher-assisted CPR instructions occurred in 62% of cases when the dispatcher had the opportunity to asses for consciousness and breathing and bystander CPR was not already started. The median time to first dispatcher-assisted CPR chest compression was 176 seconds. Conclusions— Dispatchers are able to accurately diagnose cardiac arrest over the telephone, but recognition is likely not possible in all circumstances. In some cases, recognition of cardiac arrest may be improved through training in the detection of agonal respirations. Delays in the delivery of dispatcher-assisted CPR chest compressions are common and are attributable to a mixture of dispatcher behavior and factors beyond the control of the dispatcher. Performance standards for the successful and quick recognition of cardiac arrest and delivery of first chest compressions should be adopted as metrics against which emergency medical services systems can measure their performance.
The Language of Early Childhood

Part One: Infancy and Protolanguage 1. Representing the Child as a Semiotic Being 2. Learning How to Mean 3. Early Language Learning: A Sociolinguistic Approach 4. A Sociosemiotic Perspective on Language Development 5. Meaning and the Construction of Reality in Early Childhood 6. The Ontogenesis of Dialogue Part Two: Transition from Child Tongue to Mother Tongue 7. Into the Adult Language 8. The Contribution of Developmental Linguistics to the Interpretation of Language as a System 9. On the Transition from Child Tongue to Mother Tongue 10. A Systemic-Functional Interpretation of the Nature and Ontogenesis of Dialogue 11. The Place of Dialogue in Children's Construction of Meaning Part Three: Early Language and Learning 12. Relevant Models of Language 13. The Social Context of Language Development 14. Three Aspects of Children's Language Development: Learning Language, Learning through Language, Learning about Language 15. Towards a Language-Based Theory of Learning 16. Grammar and the Construction of Educational Knowledge.
Detection of Covert Channel Encoding in Network Packet Delays

Covert channels are mechanisms for communicating information in ways that are difficult to detect. Data exfiltration can be an indication that a computer has been compromised by an attacker even when other intrusion detection schemes have failed to detect a successful attack. Covert timing channels use packet interarrival times, not header or payload embedded information, to encode covert messages. This paper investigates the channel capacity of Internet-based timing channels and proposes a methodology for detecting covert timing channels based on how close a source comes to achieving that channel capacity. A statistical approach is then used for the special case of binary codes.
Evaluasi kemampuan guru fisika SMA dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian hasil belajar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru fisika SMA/MA di Kabupaten Ende dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian hasil belajar dalam aspek: (1) kisi-kisi soal ulangan akhir semester, (2) soal ulangan akhir semester, dan (3) pengolahan hasil ulangan akhir semester. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian evaluasi. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model kesenjangan, yaitu menekankan pada pandangan adanya kesenjangan dalam pelaksanaan program. Populasi penelitian ini adalah guru fisika SMA/MA sebanyak 33 orang dan diambil 20 orang sebagai sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling . Instrumen penelitian ini meliputi lembar dokumentasi dan lembar kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan guru fisika SMA/MA di Kabupaten Ende dalam menyusun instrumen penilaian hasil belajar termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi, yaitu kemampuan (1) menyusun kisi-kisi soal ulangan akhir semester termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi, (2) menyusun soal ulangan akhir semester termasuk dalam kriteria sangat tinggi, dan (3) mengolah hasil ulangan akhir semester termasuk dalam kriteria tinggi. Kata Kunci : instrumen, penilaian. An Evaluation of Senior High School Physics Teachers’ Competency in Constructing Learning Outcome Evaluation Instruments Abstract This study aimed to investigate the competency of senior high school (SHS)/Islamic senior high school (ISHS) physics teachers in Ende Regency in constructing learning outcome evaluation instruments in terms of: (1) the test item specifications, (2) the test items, and (3) the results of the semester examination. This was an evaluation study employing the quantitative approach. The evaluation model in this study was the discrepancy model, which emphasized that there was a discrepancy in the program implementation. The research population comprised 33 SHS/ISHS physics teachers and 20 teachers were taken as samples by sample purposively technique. The research instruments consisted of documentation sheets and a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of the quantitative descriptive technique. The results of the study showed that the competency of SHS/ISHS physics teachers in constructing learning outcome evaluation instruments was including high criteria. From each variable, their competency was as follows. (1) Their competency in making the test item specifications of the semester examination was including high criteria. (2) Their competency in constructing the test items of the semester examination was including very high criteria. (3) Their competency in processing the results of the semester examination was including high criteria. Keywords : evaluation, instruments
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in patients with malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis

Background Recent clinical studies have shown that initial therapy with combined BRAF and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibition is more effective in metastatic melanoma than single-agent BRAF inhibitors. However, the response rates with single-agent BRAF are low. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the efficacy and adverse events risk between mono-therapy and combination therapy. Materials and methods Searches were made in PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases and conference abstracts published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology from 2000 to 2017. Outcomes included overall response, progression-free survival, and overall survival, as well as the incidence rate of adverse events. Results Eight trials comprising 2,664 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with combined therapies showed superior results compared to those with BRAF inhibitors alone for the following: overall response rate (combined relative risk [RR] =1.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24–1.45, P<0.00001), progression-free survival (combined hazards ratio [HR] =0.58, 95% CI: 0.52–0.64, P<0.00001), and overall survival rate (combined HR =0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.80, P<0.00001). Patients with combination therapies had higher incidence of adverse events including pyrexia (combined RR =2.00, 95% CI: 1.40–2.84), nausea (combined RR =1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.94), diarrhea (combined RR =1.50, 95% CI: 1.08–2.06), and vomiting (combined RR =1.87, 95% CI: 01.52–2.31) compared to those with BRAF inhibitors alone. Conclusion These data suggested that the combined BRAF and MEK inhibition was associated with a significant improvement in overall response, progression-free survival, and overall survival, but increased the incidence of adverse events among the patients with BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma. Further large-scale, high-quality, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
INFLUENCE OF EXTENDED EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE AND CAFFEINE ON THE ACTIVITY OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM ENZYMES IN RAT BLOOD SERUM AND LIVER

A 50-day study of the influence of fluoride (F) and caffeine on carbohydrate metabolism enzymes was conducted on 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4.5 months old, housed in separate cages at 22–25°C on a 12-hr light/dark cycle. The rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group: control, F, and F+caffeine. F was administered by intubation in water as sodium fluoride (NaF) at a dosage of 4.9 mg F ion/kg bw/day and at the same dosage plus 3 mg caffeine/kg bw/ day. After 50 days, the concentration of F in the blood serum was approximately double that of the control group, and the blood glucose increased marginally in the F and F+caffeine groups by 12% and 18%, respectively. In the liver, the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) decreased significantly in the F group by 45% but increased non-significantly in the F+caffeine group by 13%. Also in the liver, the activities of aldolase (ALD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the F group increased by 13% and 16%, respectively, but in the F+caffeine group they decreased by 16% and 4%. In the serum, the activity of SDH increased very significantly in the F and the F+caffeine groups by 212% and 186%, respectively. On the other hand, the activities of ALD and LDH in the F group decreased by 15% and 52%, respectively, whereas in the F+caffeine group the activity of ALD increased by 17% and the activity of LDH decreased by 70%. CONCLUSION: In the liver, fluoride (F) ions inhibited the transformation of sorbitol into fructose, whereas caffeine promoted this conversion. Glycolysis in the liver, under the influence of F, did not appreciably change, whereas in the presence of caffeine it was slightly inhibited. Glycolysis in extra-hepatic tissues (serum), under the influence of F, was slightly inhibited; however, it was markedly intensified by caffeine. Overall, a more profound influence by caffeine on carbohydrate enzyme activity was observed in blood serum (extra-hepatic tissues) than in the liver.
The relation of early attachment with kindergarten social preference : an examination of intervening relational and behavioral processes

"There has been little investigation of the relational and behavioral mechanisms that explain the association between early attachment security and later peer outcomes. The present study longitudinally examined the child characteristics of emotional competence, prosocial behaviors and disruptive behaviors as potential intervening processes. In addition, these relational and behavioral processes were investigated within the context of ongoing mother-child interactions. The study examined 165 boys and girls at ages two, four, and five. Mothers completed the Attachment Q-sort (Waters, 1987) when the children were two. At age four, preschool teachers completed behavioral questionnaires. Measures of maternal positive and controlling behaviors and child noncompliance were also obtained during laboratory observations. At age five, classmates made sociometric nominations to determine social preference. A multiple mediation model was tested, and the joint effect of emotional competence, prosocial behaviors, and disruptive behaviors mediated the relation of attachment security and kindergarten social preference. Mediation of the attachment-social preference relation by the child characteristics was moderated by maternal behaviors, particularly maternal control. The findings suggest that early attachment history fosters the development of certain child behavioral and relational competencies. The interaction of these child characteristics with particular maternal behaviors over time explains the relation of attachment security to later peer outcomes. "--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Ultrasonic Duplex Scanning for Disease of the Carotid Artery

The duplex ultrasonic scanner combines real-time B-mode imaging with a single-gate, variable- range pulsed Doppler. The detection and categori.zation of the severity of carotid artery atherosclerosis is achieved by performing spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler velocity signal obtained from vessels of interest. Using this technique, 750 patients with suspected extracranial carotid artery disease were evaluated between January 1978 and January 1980. One hundred thirty-five of these 750 patients (18%) underwent cerebral arteriography performed with biplanar views of the carotid bifurcation. The. degree of stenosis was measured independently in these patients and was available for comparison with the results of duplex scanning and spectral analysis.Duplex scanning correctly detected the presence of disease in 252 of 259 carotid arteries studied (97%). The extent of involvement varied from plaques that produced less than 10% diameter reduction to those that resulted in a total occlusion. The technique was less accurate with lesions that produced less than 10% diameter reduction.
Two New Cyanogenic Glucosides from the Leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla

Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Hydrangea macrophylla collected in the Sichuan Province of China resulted in the isolation of two new cyanogenic glucosides. Their structures were elucidated as [(2R)-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)] acetonitrile (1) and {(2R)-2-[α-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)}acetonitrile (2) on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS) and chemical studies.
Ethnic differences in preventive medicine: the example of Jewish Ethiopian women in Israel.

BACKGROUND Studies have found ethno-cultural disparities in health care delivery in different countries. Minority populations may receive lower standards of care. OBJECTIVES To test a hypothesis that Jewish Ethiopian women may be receiving fewer preventive recommendations than other women in Israel. METHODS A telephone survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire designed specifically for this study in Hebrew, Russian and Amharic (Semitic language of Ethiopia). The study group included 51 post-menopausal women of Ethiopian origin, aged 50-75. The control group included 226 non-Ethiopians matched for age, some of whom were immigrants from the former Soviet Union. The questionnaire dealt with osteoporosis and breast cancer screening and prevention. RESULTS All the parameters measured showed that the general population received more preventive recommendations and treatment than did Jewish Ethiopian women, including manual breast examination, mammography, osteoporosis prevention, bone density scans, and recommendations for a calcium-rich diet, calcium supplementation, hormone replacement therapy, biphosphonates and raloxifen. On a logistic regression model the level of knowledge of the Hebrew language, age, ethnicity and not visiting the gynecologist were significantly related to not having received any preventive medicine recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Differences in cultural backgrounds and language between physicians and their patients may obstruct the performance of screening and preventive medicine. Recognizing this potential for inequity and using methods to overcome these barriers may prevent it in the future.
New Syntheses of 1,7-Dimethylnonyl Propanoate, the Western Corn Rootworm Pheromone, in Four Different Ways via Cross Metathesis, Alkylation and Coupling Reactions

A mixture of the four stereoisomers of 1,7-dimethylnonyl propanoate, the female sex pheromone of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), was synthesized in four different ways by employing one of the following four reactions as the key step: (i) cross metathesis using the Grubbs I catalyst, (ii) cross metathesis using the Grubbs II catalyst, (iii) alkylation of an alkynide anion, and (iv) Grignard coupling in the presence of dilithium tetrachlorocuprate. Although the cross metathesis approaches enabled two short syntheses (4 or 6 steps) of the pheromone to be achieved, the cheapest and most efficient synthesis was possible via Grignard coupling to give the desired pheromone in a 40% overall yield based on 2-methyl-1-butanol (8 steps).
Managing Human Resources for Environmental Sustainability

Foreword (Allen I. Kraut) Preface The Authors Part One: The Imperative for Environmental Sustainability 1 Portrait of a Slow Revolution Toward Environmental Sustainability (Susan E. Jackson) 2 The Strategic Importance of Environmental Sustainability (Stefan Ambec and Paul Lanoie) 3 The Role of Strategic Context in Environmental Sustainability Initiatives: Three Case Studies (Bruno Staffelbach, Ernst A. Brugger, and Serafin Babler) 4 Human Resource Management Efforts for Environmental Sustainability: A Survey of Organizations (Mark J. Schmit, Shawn Fegley, Evren Esen, Jennifer Schramm, and Alan Tomassetti) Part Two: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations to Guide Environmental Initiatives 5 Employee Green Behaviors (Deniz S. Ones and Stephan Dilchert) 6 Demographic Characteristics and Employee Sustainability (Rachael M. Klein, Susan D'Mello, and Brenton M. Wiernik) 7 The Role of Commitment in Bridging the Gap Between Organizational Sustainability and Environmental Sustainability (Jessica Mesmer-Magnus, Chockalingam Viswesvaran, and Brenton M. Wiernik) 8 Measuring and Improving Environmental Sustainability (Stephan Dilchert and Deniz S. Ones) 9 Creating and Maintaining Environmentally Sustainable Organizations: Recruitment and On-Boarding (Talya N. Bauer, Berrin Erdogan, and Sully Taylor) 10 Leadership and Environmental Sustainability (Ellen Van Velsor and Laura Quinn) Part Three: Case Studies Illustrating the Implementation of Environmental Initiatives 11 Environmental Sustainability and Employee Engagement at 3M (Karen B. Paul and Kevin J. Nilan) 12 EcoVision at Sherwin-Williams (Cathy L. Z. DuBois) 13 HR and Sustainability at Daimler AG (Jurgen Deller, Theresa Schnieders, and Angela Titzrath) 14 HR Initiatives for Environmental Mission Alignment at Aveda Corporation (Holly Johnson and Kristin Miller) 15 Environmental Sustainability Initiatives in Ugandan Light Industry (Daniel Manitsky and Patrice Murphy) 16 Human Resource Development Initiatives for Managing Environmental Concerns at McDonald's UK (Julie Haddock-Millar, Michael Muller-Camen, and Derek Miles) 17 Environmental Sustainability and Organization Sensing at Procter & Gamble (Andrew Biga, Stephan Dilchert, A. Silke McCance, Robert E. Gibby, and Anne Doyle Oudersluys) 18 Sustainability in Coffee Sourcing and Implications for Employee Engagement at Caribou Coffee (John P. Muros, Kevin Impelman, and Lewis Hollweg) Part Four: Future Directions 19 Implications for HR and OD Professionals in the Future: Can I-O Principles and Practices Contribute to the Achievement of Corporate Environmental Sustainability? (Leaetta M. Hough and Robert C. Muschewske) 20 Building Empirical Foundations to Inform the Future Practice of Environmental Sustainability (Susan E. Jackson) The Editors Name Index Subject Index
Comparative Analysis of the Complication Profile following Palmar Plating versus External Fixation of Fractures of the Distal Radius

Background: Much attention has been given recently to the complication profile of volar plate fixation of distal radial fractures. The purpose of this investigation was to compare complication rates among patients with distal radial fractures treated with volar plating versus those treated with external fixation. Methods: Two parallel series of patients with comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures were reviewed. 59 patients were treated with external fixation and 56 patients with volar plate fixation. Postoperative radiographs, range of motion, grip strength, DASH scores, and VAS pain questionnaires were analyzed, and complications were described. Results: The external fixation group had a significantly higher overall complication rate (p = 0.021) than the volar plate fixation group. In the volar plate group, there were more tendon complications and median nerve pathology. Radial shortening was greater in the external fixation group when compared to the volar plate fixation group. DASH scores and VAS scores were significantly higher in the external fixation group. Clinically, the patients in the volar plate fixation group had significantly greater arcs of motion in pronation-supination (p < 0.0001) and flexion-extension (p = 0.002) with a trend towards better grip strength (p = 0.0062). Conclusions: Volar plate fixation for fractures of the distal radius provides an overall decreased incidence of complications, significantly less radial shortening, and significantly greater postoperative wrist motion when compared to external fixation. Volar plate fixation is also associated with lower VAS scores when compared to external fixation as well as DASH scores that approach statistical significance.