Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Value and types of medicines returned by patients to sultan qaboos university hospital pharmacy, oman.

OBJECTIVES Frequent physician visits, improper therapeutic adherence and treatment modification after hospitalisation could result in unused medicine accumulating at home. This study aims to examine the value and types of medicines returned by patients at a tertiary care unit in Oman. METHOD All medicines voluntarily returned to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital main pharmacy between February and June 2003 were reviewed. The cost of these medicines and potential cost saving, if some were returned to the hospital distribution cycle, were computed. A method of determining by physical observation whether they can be recycled was developed based on institutional-based guidelines and criteria. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty one patients returned their medicines (69% female). The patients returned a total of 1071 drugs (mean per patient 3.1 per month) corresponding to a total cost of Omani Rials (OR) 20,140 (mean per patient OR 10.6) (1 OR = 2.58 US dollar). Potential cost saving was OR 5,550 (mean per patient OR 2.9). Medicines of the cardiovascular group were returned in greatest number (24%) while anti-infective drugs had the highest share of the total cost (61%). CONCLUSION The study identified values and types of medicines returned by patients at tertiary care unit in Oman. Medications used for cardiovascular and infectious diseases appeared as the most frequent and the most expensive returned medicines. It suggests that health care providers in Oman should devise health education programmes to improve proper utilization of medicine.
Hospital volume, proportion resected and mortality from oesophageal and gastric cancer: a population-based study in England, 2004–2008

Objective This study assessed the associations between hospital volume, resection rate and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer patients in England. Design 62 811 patients diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer between 2004 and 2008 were identified from a national population-based cancer registration and Hospital Episode Statistics-linked dataset. Cox regression analyses were used to assess all-cause mortality according to hospital volume and resection rate, adjusting for case-mix variables (sex, age, socioeconomic deprivation, comorbidity and type of cancer). HRs and 95% CIs, according to hospital volume, were evaluated for three predefined periods following surgery: <30, 30–365, and >365 days. Analysis of mortality in relation to resection rate was performed among all patients and among the 13 189 (21%) resected patients. Results Increasing hospital volume was associated with lower mortality (ptrend=0.0001; HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95 for hospitals resecting 80+ and compared with <20 patients a year). In relative terms, the association between increasing hospital volume and lower mortality was particularly strong in the first 30 days following surgery (ptrend<0.0001; HR 0.52, (0.39 to 0.70)), but a clinically relevant association remained beyond 1 year (ptrend=0.0011; HR 0.82, (0.72 to 0.95)). Increasing resection rates were associated with lower mortality among all patients (ptrend<0.0001; HR 0.86, (0.84 to 0.89) for the highest, compared with the lowest resection quintile). Conclusions With evidence of lower short-term and longer-term mortality for patients resected in high-volume hospitals, this study supports further centralisation of oesophageal and gastric cancer surgical services in England.
B7-H1 (PD-L1) on T cells is required for T-cell-mediated conditioning of dendritic cell maturation

Studies have shown that T-cell-dendritic cell (DC) interaction is required for efficient DC maturation. However, the identities of the molecules that mediate the interaction in vivo are largely unknown. Here, we show that maturation of DCs as well as CD8 T-cell responses were impaired in B7-H1-deficient (B7-H1−/−) mice to influenza virus infection. Both defects were restored by transferring B7-H1-expressing naïve T cells into B7-H1−/− mice. Similarly, transferring DCs from wild-type mice or from RAG1−/− mice that had been injected with B7-H1-expressing naïve T cells also restored CD8 T-cell responses in B7-H1−/− mice. These results demonstrate that B7-H1 on naïve T cells is required to condition immature DCs to undergo efficient maturation when they encounter microbial infection. In return, the mature DCs stimulate a robust T-cell reponse against the infecting pathogen.
On Visual Similarity Based 3D Model Retrieval

A large number of 3D models are created and available on the Web, since more and more 3D modelling anddigitizing tools are developed for ever increasing applications. The techniques for content‐based 3D model retrievalthen become necessary. In this paper, a visual similarity‐based 3D model retrieval system is proposed.This approach measures the similarity among 3D models by visual similarity, and the main idea is that if two 3Dmodels are similar, they also look similar from all viewing angles. Therefore, one hundred orthogonal projectionsof an object, excluding symmetry, are encoded both by Zernike moments and Fourier descriptors as features forlater retrieval. The visual similarity‐based approach is robust against similarity transformation, noise, model degeneracyetc. , and provides 42%, 94% and 25% better performance (precision‐recall evaluation diagram) thanthree other competing approaches: (1) the spherical harmonics approach developed by Funkhouser et al., (2) theMPEG‐7 Shape 3D descriptors, and (3) the MPEG‐7 Multiple View Descriptor. The proposed system is on the Webfor practical trial use (http://3d.csie.ntu.edu.tw), and the database contains more than 10,000 publicly available3D models collected from WWW pages. Furthermore, a user friendly interface is provided to retrieve 3D modelsby drawing 2D shapes. The retrieval is fast enough on a server with Pentium IV 2.4 GHz CPU, and it takes about2 seconds and 0.1 seconds for querying directly by a 3D model and by hand drawn 2D shapes, respectively.
Monolithic scintillator PET detectors with intrinsic depth-of-interaction correction

We developed positron emission tomography (PET) detectors based on monolithic scintillation crystals and position-sensitive light sensors. Intrinsic depth-of-interaction (DOI) correction is achieved by deriving the entry points of annihilation photons on the front surface of the crystal from the light sensor signals. Here we characterize the next generation of these detectors, consisting of a 20 mm thick rectangular or trapezoidal LYSO:Ce crystal read out on the front and the back (double-sided readout, DSR) by Hamamatsu S8550SPL avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays optimized for DSR. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the detector point-spread function (PSF) obtained with a rectangular crystal at normal incidence equals ∼1.05 mm at the detector centre, after correction for the ∼0.9 mm diameter test beam of annihilation photons. Resolution losses of several tenths of a mm occur near the crystal edges. Furthermore, trapezoidal crystals perform almost equally well as rectangular ones, while improving system sensitivity. Due to the highly accurate DOI correction of all detectors, the spatial resolution remains essentially constant for angles of incidence of up to at least 30°. Energy resolutions of ∼11% FWHM are measured, with a fraction of events of up to 75% in the full-energy peak. The coincidence timing resolution is estimated to be 2.8 ns FWHM. The good spatial, energy and timing resolutions, together with the excellent DOI correction and high detection efficiency of our detectors, are expected to facilitate high and uniform PET system resolution.
Separating NP-completeness notions under strong hypotheses

J.H. Lutz (1993) proposed the study of the structure of the class NP=NTIME(poly) under the hypothesis that NP does not have p-measure 0 (with respect to Lutz's resource bounded measure. J.H. Lutz and E. Mayordomo (1996) showed that, under this hypothesis, NP-m-completeness and NP-T-completeness differ and they conjectured that further NP-completeness notions can be separated. Here we prove this conjecture for the bounded-query reducibilities. In fact we consider a new weaker hypothesis, namely the assumption that NP is not p-meager with respect to the resource bounded Baire category concept of Ambos-Spies et al. We show that this category hypothesis is sufficient to get: (i) For every k/spl ges/2, NP-btt(k)-completeness is stronger than NP-btt(k+1)-completeness. (ii) For every k/spl ges/1, NP-bT(k)-completeness and NP-btt(k+1)-completeness are both stronger than NP-bT(k+1)-completeness. (iii) NP-btt-completeness is stronger than NP-tt-completeness.
Meta-Analysis of Genetic Programs between Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sarcoidosis

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary sarcoidosis are typical interstitial lung diseases with unknown etiology that cause lethal lung damages. There are notable differences between these two pulmonary disorders, although they do share some similarities. Gene expression profiles have been reported independently, but differences on the transcriptional level between these two entities have not been investigated. Methods/Results All expression data of lung tissue samples for IPF and sarcoidosis were from published datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. After cross platform normalization, the merged sample data were grouped together and were subjected to statistical analysis for finding discriminate genes. Gene enrichments with their corresponding functions were analyzed by the online analysis engine “Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery” (DAVID) 6.7, and genes interactions and functional networks were further analyzed by STRING 9.0 and Cytoscape 3.0. 0 Beta1. One hundred and thirty signature genes could potentially differentiate one disease state from another. Compared with normal lung tissue, tissue affected by IPF and sarcoidosis displayed similar signatures that concentrated on proliferation and differentiation. Distinctly expressed genes that could distinguish IPF from sarcoidosis are more enriched in processes of cilium biogenesis or degradation and regulating T cell activations. Key discriminative network modules involve aspects of bone morphogenetic protein receptor two (BMPR2) related and v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene (MYB) related proliferation. Conclusions This study is the first attempt to examine the transcriptional regulation of IPF and sarcoidosis across different studies based on different working platforms. Groups of significant genes were found to clearly distinguish one condition from the other. While IPF and sarcoidosis share notable similarities in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, remarkable differences between the diseases were found at the transcription level, suggesting that the two diseases are regulated by overlapping yet distinctive transcriptional networks.
Relevance of Arm Position and Muscle Activity on Three-Dimensional Glenohumeral Translation in Patients with Traumatic and Atraumatic Shoulder Instability *

Background No quantitative data on glenohumeral translation exist allowing one to distinguish insufficiency of the active or passive stabilizers in different forms of shoulder instability. Hypothesis To determine whether 1) in traumatic or atraumatic shoulder instability an increase of glenohumeral translation can be observed in specific relevant arm positions, 2) muscle activity leads to recentering of the humeral head, and 3) there exist differences between traumatic and atraumatic instability. Study Design Prospective clinical trial. Methods In 12 patients with traumatic and 10 patients with atraumatic instability, both shoulders were examined in different arm positions—with and without muscle activity—by using open magnetic resonance imaging and a three-dimensional postprocessing technique. Results At 90° of abduction and external rotation, translation (anterior-inferior) was significantly higher in patients with traumatic unstable shoulders compared with their contralateral side (3.6 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 1.6 mm). In patients with atraumatic instability, significantly increased translation (4.7 ± 2.0 mm) was observed, with the direction being nonuniform. Muscle activity led to significant recentering in traumatic but not in atraumatic instability. Conclusions In traumatic instability, increased translation was observed only in functionally important arm positions, whereas intact active stabilizers demonstrate sufficient recentering. In atraumatic instability, a decentralized head position was recorded also during muscle activity, suggesting alterations of the active stabilizers. Clinical Relevance Clinical Relevance: These data are relevant for optimizing diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
Coping with predator stress: interclonal differences in induction of heat‐shock proteins in the water flea Daphnia magna

Although predation is a strong selection pressure, little is known about the molecular mechanisms to cope with predator stress. This is crucial to understanding of the mechanisms and constraints involved in the evolution of antipredator traits. We quantified the expression of heat‐shock protein 60 (Hsp60), a potential marker for predator stress, in four clones of the water flea Daphnia magna, when exposed to fish kairomones. Expression of Hsp60 induction increased after 6 h and returned to base levels after 24 h of predator stress. This suggests that it is a costly transient mechanism to temporarily cope with novel predator stress, before other defences are induced. We found genetic variation in the fixed levels and in the fish‐induced levels of Hsp60, which seemed to be linked to each clone's history of fish predation. Our data suggest that Hsp60 can be considered part of a multiple‐trait antipredator defence strategy of Daphnia clones to cope with predator stress.
Freeze‐dried plasma enhances clot formation and inhibits fibrinolysis in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator similar to pooled liquid plasma

Systemic hyperfibrinolysis is an integral part of trauma‐induced coagulopathy associated with uncontrolled bleeding. Recent data suggest that plasma‐first resuscitation attenuates hyperfibrinolysis; however, the availability, transport, storage, and administration of plasma in austere environments remain challenging and have limited its use. Freeze‐dried plasma (FDP) is a potential alternative due to ease of storage, longer shelf life, and efficient reconstitution. FDP potentially enhances clot formation and resists breakdown better than normal saline (NS) and albumin and similar to liquid plasma.
Serodiagnosis of Mice Minute Virus and Mouse Parvovirus Infections in Mice by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Baculovirus-Expressed Recombinant VP2 Proteins

ABSTRACT Mice minute virus (MMV) and mouse parvovirus (MPV) type 1 are the two parvoviruses known to naturally infect laboratory mice and are among the most prevalent infectious agents found in contemporary laboratory mouse colonies. Serologic assays are commonly used to diagnose MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice; however, highly accurate, high-throughput serologic assays for the detection of MMV- and MPV-infected mice are needed. To this end, the major capsid viral protein (VP2) genes of MMV and MPV were cloned and MMV recombinant VP2 (rVP2) and MPV rVP2 proteins were expressed by using a baculovirus system. MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 spontaneously formed virus-like particles that were morphologically similar to empty parvovirus capsids. These proteins were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect anti-MMV or anti-MPV antibodies in the sera of infected mice. Sera from mice experimentally infected with MMV (n = 43) or MPV (n = 35) and sera from uninfected mice (n = 30) were used to evaluate the ELISAs. The MMV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting MMV-infected mice, and the MPV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 98.6% specific in detecting MPV-infected mice. Both assays outperformed a parvovirus ELISA that uses a recombinant nonstructural protein (NS1) of MMV as antigen. The MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2 proteins provide a ready source of easily produced antigen, and the ELISAs developed provide highly accurate, high-throughput assays for the serodiagnosis of MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice.
Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.

BACKGROUND The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 reported a reduction in the rate of perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from 25.5 percent to 8.3 percent with a three-part regimen of zidovudine given ante partum, intra partum, and to the newborn. We examined the effects of abbreviated zidovudine regimens on perinatal HIV transmission using data from the HIV polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing service of the New York State Department of Health. Pregnant women who received abbreviated regimens rather than the recommended regimens did so because of limited prenatal care or by choice. METHODS The requisition form used by the PCR testing service included information on the demographic characteristics of the infants and the timing of any perinatal treatment with zidovudine. We also analyzed data on the timing of zidovudine prophylaxis collected by chart review in a subgroup of 454 infants as a means of validating the results in the entire cohort. RESULTS From August 1, 1995, through January 31, 1997, specimens from 939 HIV-exposed infants who were 180 days of age or younger were submitted for PCR testing. The rates of perinatal HIV transmission varied depending on when zidovudine prophylaxis was begun. When treatment was begun in the prenatal period, the rate of HIV transmission was 6.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 8.9 percent); when begun intra partum, the rate was 10.0 percent (3.3 to 21.8 percent); when begun within the first 48 hours of life, the rate was 9.3 percent (4.1 to 17.5 percent); and when begun on day 3 of life or later, the rate was 18.4 percent (7.7 to 34.3 percent). In the absence of zidovudine prophylaxis, the rate of HIV transmission was 26.6 percent (21.1 to 32.7 percent). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the efficacy of zidovudine prophylaxis and suggest that there are reductions in the rates of perinatal transmission of HIV even with the use of abbreviated regimens that are begun intra partum or in the first 48 hours of life.
Particle Physics

Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation. Although the word "particle" can refer to various types of very small objects (e.g. protons, gas particles, or even household dust), "particle physics" usually investigates the irreducibly smallest detectable particles and the fundamental interactions necessary to explain their behavior.
Comparison of Nitrogen Depletion and Repletion on Lipid Production in Yeast and Fungal Species

Although it is well known that low nitrogen stimulates lipid accumulation, especially for algae and some oleaginous yeast, few studies have been conducted in fungal species, especially on the impact of different nitrogen deficiency strategies. In this study, we use two promising consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) candidates to examine the impact of two nitrogen deficiency strategies on lipid production, which are the extensively investigated oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica , and the commercial cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei . We first utilized bioinformatics approaches to reconstruct the fatty acid metabolic pathway and demonstrated the presence of a triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathway in Trichoderma reesei . We then examined the lipid production of Trichoderma reesei and Y. lipomyces in different media using two nitrogen deficiency strategies of nitrogen natural repletion and nitrogen depletion through centrifugation. Our results demonstrated that nitrogen depletion was better than nitrogen repletion with about 30% lipid increase for Trichoderma reesei and Y. lipomyces , and could be an option to improve lipid production in both oleaginous yeast and filamentous fungal species. The resulting distinctive lipid composition profiles indicated that the impacts of nitrogen depletion on yeast were different from those for fungal species. Under three types of C/N ratio conditions, C16 and C18 fatty acids were the predominant forms of lipids for both Trichoderma reesei and Y. lipolytica . While the overall fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of Trichoderma reesei were similar, the overall FAME profiles of Y. lipolytica observed a shift. The fatty acid metabolic pathway reconstructed in this work supports previous reports of lipid production in T. reesei , and provides a pathway for future omics studies and metabolic engineering efforts. Further investigation to identify the genetic targets responsible for the effect of nitrogen depletion on lipid production improvement will facilitate strain engineering to boost lipid production under more optimal conditions for productivity than those required for nitrogen depletion.
The prognostic significance of K-ras, p53, and APC mutations in colorectal carcinoma

Background: Accumulation of molecular alterations, including mutations in Kirsten-ras (K-ras), p53, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Our group has previously characterised a panel of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas for mutations in these three genes and has shown that p53 and K-ras mutations rarely occur in the same colorectal tumour. This suggests that mutations in these genes are on separate pathways to colorectal cancer development and may influence patient prognosis independently. Aims: To correlate the presence or absence of mutations in K-ras, p53, and APC with survival in a cohort of colorectal cancer patients. Patients: A series of 107 inpatients treated surgically for colorectal cancer in Tayside, Scotland between November 1997 and December 1999. Methods: Colorectal tumours were characterised for mutations in K-ras, p53, and APC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed using overall survival and disease specific survival as the primary end points. Patient survival was analysed using the log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Patients with K-ras mutations had significantly poorer overall survival than patients without K-ras mutations (p = 0.0098). Multivariate analysis correcting for Dukes’ stage, age, and sex confirmed this (hazard ratio 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.4–6.2); p = 0.0040). K-ras mutations were also significantly associated with poorer disease specific survival. The presence of APC and p53 mutations did not affect survival in this cohort of patients (p = 0.9034 and p = 0.8290, respectively). Conclusions: Our data indicate that the presence of K-ras mutations predicts poor patient prognosis in colorectal cancer, independently of tumour stage.