Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential Inoculation of Native Non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains for Wine Making

The use of non-Saccharomyces yeast for wine making is becoming a common trend in many innovative wineries. The application is normally aimed at increasing aromas, glycerol, reducing acidity, and other improvements. This manuscript focuses on the reproduction of the native microbiota from the vineyard in the inoculum. Thus, native selected yeasts (Hanseniaspora uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Starmerella bacillaris species and three different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were inoculated sequentially, or only S. cerevisiae (three native strains together or one commercial) was used. Inoculations were performed both in laboratory conditions with synthetic must (400 mL) as well as in industrial conditions (2000 kg of grapes) in red winemaking in two different varieties, Grenache and Carignan. The results showed that all the inoculated S. cerevisiae strains were found at the end of the vinifications, and when non-Saccharomyces yeasts were inoculated, they were found in appreciable populations at mid-fermentation. The final wines produced could be clearly differentiated by sensory analysis and were of similar quality, in terms of sensory analysis panelists’ appreciation.
The Second Wave of Hedge Fund Activism: The Importance of Reputation, Clout, and Expertise.

Using a large dataset of hand-collected information on activist interventions from 2008 to 2014, we examine why certain hedge funds succeed in the face of competition. We document that the top hedge funds succeed, not merely because of how they select targets, but because they acquire a reputation for what we label “clout and expertise. ” These hedge funds do not intervene more frequently; to the contrary, activists with more interventions are associated with lower returns. Instead, top activists have a demonstrated ability to succeed in difficult interventions by targeting large firms, launching successful proxy fights, filing and winning lawsuits, pressuring target boards through the media, overcoming anti-takeover defenses, and replacing board members. These activists' successes appear to result more from board representation, improved performance, and monitoring management than from capital structure or dividend policy changes.
What Do Graduates Say About Multicultural Teacher Education

Since we have also been concerned about the education of diverse student populations in California, his question is consistent with the purpose of this study. We wanted to assess the impact that our teacher preparation course on multicultural education has had on teachers’ self-perceptions and practices as multicultural educators. Lowenstein (2009) stated that not enough work has been done to determine the impact of multicultural education courses on teacher candidates once they are in the field. Although California assessments for teachers assess content background and instruction, there is a
The Market Value Impact of Operational Risk Events for U.S. Banks and Insurers

This paper conducts an event study analysis of the impact of operational risk events on the market values of banks and insurance companies, using the OpVar database. We focus on financial institutions because of the increased market and regulatory scrutiny of operational losses in these industries. The analysis covers all publicly reported banking and insurance operational risk events affecting publicly traded U.S. institutions from 1978-2003 that caused operational losses of at least $10 million - a total of 403 bank events and 89 insurance company events. The results reveal a strong, statistically significant negative stock price reaction to announcements of operational loss events. On average, the market value response is larger for insurers than for banks. Moreover, the market value loss significantly exceeds the amount of the operational loss reported, implying that such losses convey adverse implications about future cash flows. Losses are proportionately larger for institutions with higher Tobin's Q ratios, implying that operational loss events are more costly in market value terms for firms with strong growth prospects.
Prognostic Factors of Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic Study of 28 Cases

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare type of lymphoma. Patients have a poor prognosis, and there is no standard of care. We evaluated 28 HSTCL patients to determine factors that may be associated with outcome. There were 19 men and 9 women with a median age of 32.5 years. Most patients had massive splenomegaly, and bone marrow showed sinusoidal involvement by lymphoma. The HSTCL cells expressed &ggr;&dgr; T-cell receptor (TCR) in 20 (74%), &agr;&bgr; TCR in 5 (19%), and neither in 2 (7%) patients (1 case not assessed). Conventional cytogenetics and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in 24 patients at diagnosis showed isochromosome 7q (i7q) in 10 (42%) and trisomy 8 in 8 (33%) patients. Median overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were each 28.3 months. Serum bilirubin level ≥1.5 mg/dL, &agr;&bgr; TCR expression, and trisomy 8 each correlated significantly with shorter OS and EFS. Patients with HSTCL received a variety of chemotherapy regimens with no regimen better than any other. However, patients who underwent stem cell transplant showed longer survival (OS: hazard ratio 0.3, P=0.09; EFS: hazard ratio 0.2, P=0.034). In conclusion, although HSTCL patients have a poor prognosis overall, the data presented support the novel suggestions that HSTCL patients can be stratified into 2 prognostic groups, with an elevated serum bilirubin level, &agr;&bgr; TCR expression, and trisomy 8 identifying a poorer prognostic group. In addition, the outcomes of this patient cohort suggest that stem cell transplantation has value for the treatment of patients with HSTCL.
Why Did Individual Stocks Become More Volatile

We investigate why individual stocks become more volatile over the 1976–2000 period, during which quarterly accounting data are available at the firm level. On average, corporate earnings have deteriorated and their volatilities have increased over the sample period. This is more evident for newly listed stocks than for existing stocks. The stock return volatility is negatively related to the return-on-equity and positively related to the volatility of the return-on-equity in cross-sections. The upward trend in average stock return volatility is fully accounted for by the downward trend in the return-on-equity and the upward trend in the volatility of the return-on-equity.
All Hands on Deck! How Europeanised Is the Maltese Labour Market?

This paper investigates the Maltese labour market within the context of the Europeanisation process. It explains the EU's labour market policies and presents studies in the field. The main focus is the case study of Malta, which evaluates formal and informal structures of the economy and uses the dynamics of the interaction of ideas, interests and institutions to analyse whether and how Europeanisation of the Maltese labour market has occurred. The findings indicate that different changes have occurred in the legislative framework, language and values about work, but resistance and continuity are evident in other areas such as flexicurity, undeclared work and a high level of female labour market inactivity.
Cycling Under Influence: Summarizing the Influence of Perceptions, Attitudes, Habits, and Social Environments on Cycling for Transportation

Due to cycling’s many environmental and public health benefits, research on factors that could increase this activity has greatly expanded in recent years. Clear connections have been found between elements of the built environment and cycling for transportation. However, social and psychological factors—such as perceptions, attitudes, habits, and social environments—have recently been shown to play an important role in affecting travel behavior and mode choice. This paper reviews 24 previous studies and sets out to summarize the literature concerning the influence of these social and psychological factors on the choice to cycle for transportation. The findings highlight the importance of these factors on bicycle commuting, especially perceptions of benefits and barriers to cycling, perceptions of safety, attitudes toward cycling and other modes of transportation, habits, and the influence of family, friends, and the workplace. A consensus shows that social factors clearly affect the decision to commute by bicycle. It is therefore important to think beyond the role of physical and built-environment factors when attempting to understand or predict bicycle use. Implications for future research design and policy are presented.
The Short-Run Relation between Inflation and Growth in Latin America

This paper investigates the relationship between monetary policy and growth in five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru). The analysis focuses on the effects of expected and unexpected monetary growth on output, and explicitly incorporates the relationship between fiscal deficits and money creation in these countries. Open economy considerations are explicitly introduced into the analysis.Contrary to previous findings (Hanson, 1980), the results obtained in this paper indicate that these countries exhibit very different behavior with respect to the relationship between unexpected money and growth: While for Chile and Brazil no evidence was found of a positive relation between monetary policy (expected or unexpected) and growth, for Colombia, Mexico and Peru a positive relationship was found between unexpected monetary policy and growth.
DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, DEFAULT RISK AND EURO AREA SOVEREIGN BOND SPREADS

This paper develops an arbitrage-free affi ne term structure model of potentially defaultable sovereign bonds to model a cross-section of eight euro area government bond yield curves since January 1999. The existence of a common monetary policy under European Monetary Union determines the short end of the yield curves, whereas decentralized debt policies drive expected default probabilities and thereby spreads towards Germany, assumed to be free of default risk. The pricing factors are three observable area-wide macroeconomic variables and measures of national fiscal sustainability, which we proxy by expected changes in debt/GDP ratios of the respective countries. Our model explains spreads both before and during the crisis to an impressive extent. The deterioration in public finances was the major driver of the widening in spreads since 2008 through both heightened compensations for default risk and increases in risk premia. We also present perceived probabilities of sovereign default at any maturity and assess their elasticity to shifts in expected changes in debt/GDP ratios. JEL classification: C32, E6, G12, H6.
The Changing Impact of Women’s Educational Attainment and Employment on the Timing of Births in Canada

This study examined the influence of maternal birth cohort on the timing and risk of childbearing in Canada. The analysis considered the impact of education and paid employment marital status contraceptive use region of residence country of birth and religious affiliation. The analysis relied on bivariate and multivariate models and the interactions between education and employment. Data were obtained from the 1995 General Social Survey of Canada among 3519 women of all marital statuses aged 18-49 years. The sample was stratified according to birth cohort. Bivariate results reveal that level of attainment was related to a negative linear relationship to proportions having a birth at all ages. Higher education was associated with lower proportions giving birth. A higher proportion at any educational level proceeded to a second birth. Second births were less strongly related to educational level. The negative effect of education on first and second parities was strongest among younger age groups at the highest educational level. Full-time regular employment was associated with increased proportions of women having first or second births. Multivariate analysis reveals that employment and education had the strongest impact on timing of births. Employment prior to a birth increased the risk of first and second births for all ages except the oldest group of second parity women. Education at first birth had a strong and significant negative impact on the risk of birth with controls for other factors. The greatest impact was among the youngest ages. Findings suggest a changing relationship over time between womens education and fertility.
The building blocks of a relational capability – evidence from the banking industry

Cooperation is an increasingly important strategic option for both large and entrepreneurial firms. Firms need to assess the potential for successful cooperation. Among other factors the relational capability of partners needs to be identified. Prior research provides little insights into what makes a firm relationally capable or how to build this capability. The bank's franchising network case study provides evidence that a set of dedicated resources, governance mechanisms and knowledge management together make a relational capability. It has been source of above average earnings. The durability of cooperation requires relationships adjustments, which brings in flexibility and the underlying knowledge articulation and sharing.
The Changing Importance of Income and Payroll Taxes on U.S. Families

Nearly two-thirds of U.S. families currently pay more in payroll taxes than they pay in federal personal income taxes. In the lower strata of the family income distribution, payroll taxes exceed income taxes for nearly 90 percent of all tax-paying families. This paper documents the relative magnitude of income and payroll tax burdens on families of different types. It considers the differential importance of these taxes for married couples, single individuals, and single-parent families. The paper considers total tax payments as well as the marginal payroll and personal income tax rates facing families, and presents an exploratory analysis of how taking account of "tax benefit linkage" alters relative marginal payroll and income tax rates. The percentage of families for whom the marginal payroll tax rate exceeds the marginal personal income tax rate falls from 54 percent to 9 percent when the effective payroll tax rate is measured net of the present discounted value of future social security benefits.
INFLUENCE OF FORMULA CONCENTRATION ON CALORIC INTAKE AND GROWTH OF NORMAL INFANTS

ABSTRACT: Fomon, S. J., Filer, L. J., Jr, Thomas, L. N. , Anderson, T. A. and Nelson, S. E. (Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA). Influence of formula concentration on caloric intake and growth of normal infants. Acta Paediatr Stand, 64:172, 1975. –Fifteen fullterm female infants were enrolled in each of two feeding groups and all but one completed the proposed period of observation to age 112 days. Formulas prepared from the same ingredients (fat‐free milk solids, a mixture of corn and coconut oils, lactose, vitamins and minerals) were fed ad libitum to both groups. Formula concentration was 54 kcal/100 ml for one group and 100 kcal/100 ml for the other. A limited selection of commercially prepared strained foods was permitted after 28 days of age. Weighed intakes of food were recorded for each day of study. During the interval 8 through 41 days of age, the infants fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula consumed a considerably greater quantity of food but fewer calories than did those fed the 100 kcal/100 ml formula. Those fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula also gained less weight. These differences between feeding groups were statistically significant. After 41 days of age, mean caloric intakes (kcal/kg/day) and rates of gain in weight were similar for the two feeding groups. The data provide a basis for speculation on the possible difference in allocation of calories to growth and non‐growth in the two groups.
Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastatic disease, N-myc amplification, and poor outcome in human neuroblastoma.

PURPOSE To determine if the clinical outcome of children with neuroblastoma (NB) is correlated with the degree of tumor neovascularization and to assess the relationship of stage, N-myc copy number, and histology to angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vascularity of primary untreated NB from 50 patients diagnosed at a single institution between 1984 and 1994 was evaluated. An image processor was used to analyze the tumor tissue area for each histologic slide of tumor, and a vascular index (VI) was calculated, where VI = total number of vessels/mm2 of tissue area. Tumors were classified histologically according to the criteria of Shimada et al (J Natl Cancer Inst 73:405-416, 1984), and N-myc copy number was determined by Southern blot analysis. RESULTS We found that higher VI (> 4.0) in NB strongly correlated with widely disseminated disease (P = .006) and poor survival (P < .0001). VI more than 4.0 was also statistically associated with N-myc amplification (P = .02) and unfavorable histology (P = .02). Univariate analysis demonstrated that disease stage, tumor histology, and N-myc copy number were also predictive of outcome. Cox regression analysis showed that VI provided independent prognostic information. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate that angiogenesis may play an important role in determining the biologic behavior of NB. Antiangiogenic therapy may prove to be effective in the treatment of children with highly vascular, widely disseminated NB.
Opportunity Development in a Knowledge-Intensive Venture: A Case Study

Abstract Literature on entrepreneurship research has shown surprisingly limited interest in the origin of ventures and discovery of opportunities for profit. Lately, however, this matter has been criticized and a more elaborate conception of how opportunities arise has been called for. The present investigation concerns how a business opportunity is discovered and exploited. An in-depth case study of a knowledge-intensive venture in the mobile Internet industry has been carried out, and our findings point to the need of reconceptualizing this phenomenon into opportunity development, carried out over time and involving several actors. The process observed was iterative in nature; the opportunity and venture were developed in parallel, thus contrasting with a traditional linear view. Furthermore, the business was extremely difficult to analyze ex ante, implying too strong a focus on up-front analysis in existing theory. Much interaction was evidenced as well, imposing difficulties to steer the venture.
The Eurasian Customs Union among Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan: Can It Succeed Where Its Predecessor Failed?

In 2010, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan formed the Eurasian Customs Union and imposed the Russian tariff as the common external tariff of the Customs Union. This resulted in almost doubling the external average tariff of the more liberal Kazakhstan. Russia has benefited from additional exports to Kazakhstan under the protection of the higher tariffs in Kazakhstan. But estimates reveal that the tariff changes resulted in substantial transfers from Kazakhstan to Russia as importers in Kazakhstan now purchase lower quality or higher priced Russian imports that are protected under the tariff umbrella of the common external tariff. Transfers from the Central Asian countries to Russia were the reason the Eurasian Economic Community (known as EurAsEC) failed, so this bodes badly for the ultimate success of the Eurasian Customs Union. What is different, however, is that the Eurasian Customs Union and its associated Common Economic Space aim to reduce non-tariff barriers and improve trade facilitation, and also to allow the free movement of capital and labor, liberalize services, and harmonize some regulations. Estimates by my colleagues and I show that if substantial progress could be made in trade facilitation and reducing non-tariff barriers, this could make the Customs Union positive for Kazakhstan and other potential Central Asian members. Unfortunately, so far the Customs Union has made these matters worse. But Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization will eventually substantially reduce the transfers from Kazakhstan to Russia. Progress with non-tariff barriers and trade facilitation, however, will take a strong political commitment from Russia which we have not yet seen. But if that Russian political leadership is forthcoming, the Eurasian Customs Union could succeed where its predecessor failed.
Root cortical burden influences drought tolerance in maize.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) increases water and nutrient acquisition by reducing the metabolic costs of soil exploration. In this study the hypothesis was tested that living cortical area (LCA; transversal root cortical area minus aerenchyma area and intercellular air space) is a better predictor of root respiration, soil exploration and, therefore, drought tolerance than RCA formation or root diameter. METHODS RCA, LCA, root respiration, root length and biomass loss in response to drought were evaluated in maize (Zea mays) recombinant inbred lines grown with adequate and suboptimal irrigation in soil mesocosms. KEY RESULTS Root respiration was highly correlated with LCA. LCA was a better predictor of root respiration than either RCA or root diameter. RCA reduced respiration of large-diameter roots. Since RCA and LCA varied in different parts of the root system, the effects of RCA and LCA on root length were complex. Greater crown-root LCA was associated with reduced crown-root length relative to total root length. Reduced LCA was associated with improved drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the hypothesis that LCA is a driver of root metabolic costs and may therefore have adaptive significance for water acquisition in drying soil.
Evidence on the Wage Returns of Advanced Vocational Training and University Education in Spain

This paper analyses the evolution of the wage return to tertiary education in Spain, distinguishing between advanced vocational training and university education. Using microdata from the Spanish Structure of Earnings Survey, the study estimates wage equations which, in addition to considering the human capital and the personal and employment characteristics of individuals as causal factors, includes a measure of the excess labour supply of university graduates by region. The results show that the wage differential of the graduate population fell, in general, in the period 1995-2006, and that a relatively high supply of graduates in the regional labour market negatively affects wages in such regions, and that these effects increase over time.
Direct Interaction of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) with Met Is Required for FAK To Promote Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Cell Invasion

ABSTRACT Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated to be a point of convergence of integrin and growth factor signaling pathways. Here we report that FAK directly interacts with the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-Met. Phosphorylation of c-Met at Tyr-1349 and, to a lesser extent, Tyr-1356 is required for its interaction with the band 4.1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin homology domain (FERM domain) of FAK. The F2 subdomain of the FAK FERM domain alone is sufficient for Met binding, in which a patch of basic residues (216KAKTLRK222) are critical for the interaction. Met-FAK interaction leads to FAK activation and subsequent contribution to hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell motility and cell invasion. Our results provide evidence that constitutive Met-FAK interaction may be a critical determinant for tumor cells to acquire invasive potential.