Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and sedentary behaviours among grassroots football players: A comparison across three European countries

The purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the levels of objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) among male players aged 10–14 who participate in grassroots football in three European countries (i.e. England, France, and Greece). In addition, the study also examined the relationship of objective levels of PA to a self-report measure of PA frequency used in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey for young football players. A total of 331 participants provided at least three days of valid accelerometer data and completed a self-report measure of PA. The results revealed that players accumulated 122.33 minutes of moderate- to vigorous PA (MVPA) and 488.19 minutes of ST per day. Multiple analyses of covariance controlling for years of experience in football revealed slightly significant differences between the three countries for light PA, MVPA, and the number of active days defined as meeting the [World Health Organization. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: Author. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who. int/publications/2010/9789241599979_eng. pdf] guidelines of 60 minutes of MVPA per day. English participants spent less time in light PA but more time in MVPA than the Greek or French players. Greek participants had more active days than their English and French counterparts. The self-report measure of PA was not significantly associated with objective PA in this sample of male football participants. Findings suggest that young Europeans who play football meet WHO guidelines for MVPA, but their adoption of an active lifestyle might not protect them from ST behaviours.
Serum copeptin in children exposed to maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been related to a persistent reprograming of stress‐response. Copeptin is a marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation; however, few studies have examined copeptin levels in children exposed to CM. The aim of this study was to compare serum copeptin levels in children reporting child abuse and/or neglect and children with no history of CM.
A Semantic- Driven Multimodal Model for Chinese Spelling Checking

Chinese Spelling Checking (CSC) is a task to detect and correct spelling errors in Chinese text, which is important for natural language processing applications. Previous works on CSC have used pre-trained language models and multimodal information to improve the performance. However, most existing CSC models do not fully exploit the rich context knowledge contained in context, nor do they emphasize the role of semantic information for text error correction. In this paper, we propose a semantic-driven multimodal CSC model that can learn the heterogeneous knowledge of speech, vision and meaning from context. Our model consists of three encoders: a semantic encoder, a phonetic encoder, and a graphic encoder. To emphasize the role of semantics in text correction, we feed the output of the semantic encoder to both the phonetic encoder and the graphic encoder, along with the original input. The outputs of the three encoders are fused by an attention mechanism and decoded by a transformer model to generate the spell-check results. We evaluate our model on SIGHAN benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on these datasets, especially on correcting long sentences with errors. We also conduct ablation studies and qualitative analysis to show the effectiveness of our model components and the semantic-driven mechanism.
Confronting and Reducing Sexism: A Call for Research on Intervention

© 2014 The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. This article presents the current state of research on confronting and reducing sexism. We first provide a systematic overview about prior work on confronting sexism. We identify gaps in the literature by outlining situational and contextual factors that are important in confronting sexism and introduce how these are addressed in the current volume. Second, we review prior work on reducing sexism. Compared to research on reducing other forms of prejudice, research on interventions to reduce sexism is rare. We explain why mechanisms that are successful in reducing other forms of prejudice cannot simply be adapted to reducing sexism. We then outline how the articles of this issue promote research, theory, and policy on reducing sexism. In conclusion, the aim of this issue is to bring together novel theoretical approaches as well as empirically tested methods that identify key antecedents and consequences of diverse ways of confronting and reducing sexism.
The Role of Equality and Efficiency in Social Preferences

Engelmann and Strobel (AER 2004) question the relevance of inequity aversion in simple dictator game experiments claiming that a combination of a preference for efficiency and a Rawlsian motive for helping the least well-off is more important than inequity aversion. We show that these results are partly based on a strong subject pool effect. The participants of the E&S experiments were undergraduate students of economics and business administration who self-selected into their field of study (economics) and learned in the first semester that efficiency is desirable. We show that for non-economists the preference for efficiency is much less pronounced. We also find a non-negligible gender effect indicating that women are more egalitarian than men. However, perhaps surprisingly, the dominance of equality over efficiency is unrelated to political attitudes.
Advanced skin lesion discrimination pipeline for early melanoma cancer diagnosis towards PoC devices

The proposed work describes an effective pipeline for skin lesion (nevus) analysis with related oncological outcomes. The increasing statistics of skin cancer have recently contributed to the development of new methods for early detection and discrimination of malignant skin lesions in order to drastically reduce the number of biopsies often very invasive for the patients. The main aggressive skin cancer histology is the so-called “melanoma” with related differentiation. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for early melanoma detection but often they lack in sensibility/specificity for a real clinical use. The proposed pipeline is based on an effective approach employing analytic innovative hand-crafted image features combined with a machine learning system. This allows both early detection and discrimination of the skin lesions with good trade-off between sensibility/specificity ratio.
Romance and friendship in pre-teen stories about conflicts: `we decided that boys are not worth it'

Although scholars have given considerable attention to adolescent romance, few have examined the discursive practices of pre-adolescents, as they are just beginning to take up (and to resist) cultural coherence systems that construct gender and sexuality. From a corpus of 689 personal narratives written by US inner-city pre-teens about interpersonal conflict, we selected the 33 stories that included themes of romance (`liking', `goin' with', `having a girlfriend/boyfriend'). The analytic approach was based on a sociocultural, interpretive theory of narrative and on developments in discursive and critical social psychology. Children used contrasting interpretive repertoires to produce stories of romantic contests or romantic intrigue, both drawing on narratives of romance available in popular culture. We examined children's struggle and identified strategies they used to preserve same-sex friendships and to resist taking subject positioned that construed them as passive objects. An examination of the process by which children enter the discursive practices of their communities promises to unveil awkward contradictions and instabilities in meaning systems that tend to be cleverly disguised in the discourse of more sophisticated users of culture.
Pervasive Decentralisation of Digital Infrastructures: A Framework for Blockchain enabled System and Use Case Analysis

Technological innovation and consequential decentralisation are driving forces in the ongoing evolution and increasing openness of digital infrastructures and services. One of the most discussed and allegedly disruptive innovations is the distributed database technology referred to as blockchain. Although it is still in its technological infancy, experimental adoption and customization seem to be in full progress in various potential fields of application ranging from decentralized grids for computation and storage to global financial services. However, the technology and its path of development still entail a lot of common unknowns for practitioners and researchers alike. Especially regarding the question how the technology could amend or be incorporated into the existing landscape of digital services, processes and infrastructures. Hence, in this article we develop an ontology that (1) clearly delineates common terminology, core concepts and components, their relationships as well as innovative features of blockchain technology. It further (2) connects these insights with implications for relevant types of digital market models. Our framework is of high theoretical and practical value as it provides researchers and practitioners a common basis for communication and means for guided analysis of blockchain applicability.
Convex combination of affine projection algorithms

It is well known that performance of adaptive filters is mainly a compromise among computational complexity, speed of convergence and steady-state behavior. The affine projection (AP) algorithm offers a good convergence speed that increases with the projection order N and a computational complexity that can be reduced by applying different fast strategies. However, its steady-state mean square error (MSE) worsens when N grows. This work introduces the convex combination of two AP adaptive filters in order to improve the performance capabilities of the overall filter. The purpose of the convex AP approach is to improve the convergence performance of a single AP algorithm but not at the expense of an increase of the steady-state MSE. To achieve this we combine two AP filters with different projection orders, one of high N order that performs faster than other with a lower order but with a better MSE. Moreover, the computational cost of the AP combination scheme would be similar to that of the higher order AP filter working separately. Simulation results have validated the proposed approach.
Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei

Spin-exchange optical pumping of mixtures of alkali-metal vapors and noble gases can be used to efficiently polarize the nuclei of the noble-gas atoms. Liters of noble gases at standard temperature and pressure and with nuclear spin polarizations of several tens of percent are now used in many applications. The authors describe the basic phenomena that govern the spin-exchange process and review the physics of angular momentum transfer and loss in optical pumping and spin-exchange collisions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Occurrence and Characterization of Cronobacter spp. in Dehydrated Rice Powder from Chinese Supermarket

Cronobacter spp. are emerging food-borne pathogens and have been identified as causative agents of meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Dehydrated rice is popular with a wide range of people and it is frequently used as a substitute for infant milk powder to baby older than four months. The occurrence of Cronobacter spp. was investigated in 1,012 samples of dehydrated rice powder collected from 14 manufacturers in China during 2010 to 2012. The isolates were identified using fusA allele sequencing and subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Seventy-six samples (7.5%) contained Cronobacter spp. The prevalence among manufacturers ranged from 0-28.8%. The 76 isolates included 4 species [Cronobacter sakazakii (52 isolates) Cronobacter malonaticus (14 isolates), Cronobacter dublinensis (7 isolates), and Cronobacter muytjensii (3 isolates)]. Twenty-three unique fusA alleles and sixty-six PFGE-patterns were detected. All isolated strains were observed to be sensitive or to show intermediate susceptibility to eight tested antimicrobial agents. The study revealed serious contamination of dehydrated rice powder by Cronobacter spp. , with prevalence varying among manufacturers in China. Identified Cronobacter species, fusA alleles, and subtypes were diverse.
Introgression of Novel Traits from a Wild Wheat Relative Improves Drought Adaptation in Wheat1[W]

Agropyron elongatum introgression into bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) improves root traits for drought adaptation. Root architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. In this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an alien chromosome segment (7DL) from a wild wheat relative species (Agropyron elongatum) into cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat translocation line had improved water stress adaptation and higher root and shoot biomass compared with the control genotypes, which showed significant drops in root and shoot biomass during stress. Enhanced access to water due to higher root biomass enabled the translocation line to maintain more favorable gas-exchange and carbon assimilation levels relative to the wild-type wheat genotypes during water stress. Transcriptome analysis identified candidate genes associated with root development. Two of these candidate genes mapped to the site of translocation on chromosome 7DL based on single-feature polymorphism analysis. A brassinosteroid signaling pathway was predicted to be involved in the novel root responses observed in the A. elongatum translocation line, based on the coexpression-based gene network generated by seeding the network with the candidate genes. We present an effective and highly integrated approach that combines root phenotyping, whole-plant physiology, and functional genomics to discover novel root traits and the underlying genes from a wild related species to improve drought adaptation in cultivated wheat.
Amorphous Silica: A New Antioxidant Role for Rapid Critical‐Sized Bone Defect Healing

Traumatic fractures cause structurally unstable sites due to severe bone loss. Such fractures generate a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress. Excessive and prolonged ROS activity impedes osteoblast differentiation and instigates long healing times. Stimulation of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are crucial to reduce ROS, stimulate osteogenesis, and strengthen collagen and mineral formation. Yet, no current fixative devices have shown an ability to enhance collagen matrix formation through antioxidant expression. This study reports plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition based amorphous silicon oxynitride (Si(ON)x) as a potential new fracture healing biomaterial that adheres well to the implant surface, releases Si+4 to enhance osteogenesis, and forms a surface hydroxyapatite for collagen mineral attachment. These materials provide a sustained release of Si+4 in physiological environment for extended times. The dissolution rate partially depends on the film chemistry and can be controlled by varying O/N ratio. The presence of Si+4 enhances SOD1, which stimulates other osteogenic markers downstream and leads to rapid mineral formation. In vivo testing using a rat critical‐sized calvarial defect model shows a more rapid bone‐regeneration for these biomaterials as compared to control groups, that implies the clinical significance of the presented biomaterial.
An Evaluation of Handwriting Performance

Abstract The legibility components (letter formation, spacing, alignment and size) and speed of handwriting were assessed for 575 children in grades 3 to 7. Inter‐rater reliabilities were high (−69 to −97) and test‐retest reliability over one week was lower for legibility (−44 to −84) than for speed (−93). In general, reliabilities were higher for the older children. Correlations among legibility components ranged from −46 to •76, though a principal factor analysis indicated that letter formation, spacing, alignment and size were discriminable elements of legibility. Correlations of legibility component scores with teacher ratings ranged between −52 and −76. Norms for speed were consistent with Groff's data and girls wrote significantly faster and smaller than boys. Girls also made fewer errors in letter formation than boys in grades 3, 4 and 5. Graphs indicating normative performance on the handwriting tasks were prepared.
Reduction of Pain Episodes and Prothrombotic Activity in Sickle Cell Disease by Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids

Summary The effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) on the frequency of pain episodes and ex vivo blood tests of thrombosis have been evaluated in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) utilizing a doubleblind, olive oil-controlled clinical trial. Dietary n-3FA therapy (0.1 g/kg/d) was provided as menhaden fish oil (0.25 g/kg/d) containing 12% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 18% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Within 1 month dietary n-3FAs exchanged with n-6FAs in plasma and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids (p <0.01 in all cases). Treatment with dietary n-3FAs for 1 year reduced the frequency of pain episodes requiring presentation to the hospital from 7.8 events during the preceding year to 3.8 events/year (p <0.01; n = 5). By contrast, subjects receiving control dietary olive oil (n = 5) experienced 7.1 pain events/year, compared to 7.6 during the previous year (p >0.4). The reduction in episodes in n-3FA-treated subjects was also significant when compared to control subjects (p <0.01). Dietary n-3FA therapy was not associated with hemorrhagic, gastrointestinal or other adverse effects. Compared to 10 asymptomatic African-American controls, sickle cell subjects demonstrated significantly increased pretreatment: 1) flow cytometric expression of platelet membrane P-selectin (CD62p; p <0.01) and annexin V binding sites (p = 0.02); 2) plasma levels of platelet-specific secretory proteins platelet factor 4 (PF4) and -thromboglobulin (TG) (p <0.01 in both cases); 3) plasma products of thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2) and thrombin:antithrombin (TAT) complex (p <0.01 in both cases); and 4) plasma levels of thrombolytic products, D-dimer and plasmin:antiplasmin (PAP) complex (p <0.01 in both cases). Treatment with dietary n-3FAs concurrently decreased plasma levels of F1.2, D-dimer, and PAP (p <0.05, compared to olive oil controls), implying that the reduction in pain events was related to n-3FA-dependent inhibition of thrombosis. We conclude that dietary n-3FAs reduce the frequency of pain episodes perhaps by reducing prothrombotic activity in sickle cell disease.
Shortened nighttime sleep duration in early life and subsequent childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE To test associations between daytime and nighttime sleep duration and subsequent obesity in children and adolescents. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING Panel Survey of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplements (1997 and 2002) from US children. PARTICIPANTS Subjects aged 0 to 13 years (n = 1930) at baseline (1997). MAIN EXPOSURES Binary indicators of short daytime and nighttime sleep duration (<25th percentile of age-normalized sleep scores) at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index at follow-up (2002) was converted to age- and sex-specific z scores and trichotomized (normal weight, overweight, obese) using established cut points. Ordered logistic regression was used to model body mass index classification as a function of short daytime and nighttime sleep at baseline and follow-up, and important covariates included socioeconomic status, parents' body mass index, and, for children older than 4 years, body mass index at baseline. RESULTS For younger children (aged 0-4 years at baseline), short duration of nighttime sleep at baseline was strongly associated with increased risk of subsequent overweight or obesity (odds ratio = 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.80). For older children (aged 5-13 years), baseline sleep was not associated with subsequent weight status; however, contemporaneous sleep was inversely associated. Daytime sleep had little effect on subsequent obesity in either group. CONCLUSIONS Shortened sleep duration in early life is a modifiable risk factor with important implications for obesity prevention and treatment. Insufficient nighttime sleep among infants and preschool-aged children may be a lasting risk factor for subsequent obesity. Napping does not appear to be a substitute for nighttime sleep in terms of obesity prevention.
Immigration and the Underground Economy in New Receiving South European Countries: Manifold Negative Effects, Manifold Deep-rooted Causes

An in-depth study led us to show that the underground economy had a quite crucial role in shaping contemporary migratory movements towards southern European countries. An overwhelming majority of migrants were working in an underground economy, at least for a while, although only a few as ‘ethnic businessmen’, but they did not constitute the cause of this phenomenon which is endogenous. On the contrary, we are going to stress four main negative effects upon migratory flows, and migrants’ insertion caused by a lasting underground economy largely spread in receiving countries. Nevertheless, first, three features of contemporary migration are to be pointed out, because most migrants are different both from the 1960s and 1970s ‘temporary and targeted migrants’, and from refugees who are often overemphasized in the public imagination.
Eating attitudes, self-esteem and social physique anxiety among Iranian females who participate in fitness programs.

AIM Today, women's participation in sports has substantially increased. This growth has been accompanied by concerns about health risks, as eating disorders, and psychological features, as self-esteem (SE) and social physique anxiety (SPA). The purpose of this study was to determine disordered eating attitudes and their relation to SE, SPA, as well as body weight, and body mass index (BMI), in Iranian females who participate in fitness programs. METHODS Subjects were 250 females, aged 14-51 years, who participated in fitness programs. Eating attitude test-26 (EAT-26), Rosenberg's self esteem scale (RSES), and social physique anxiety scale (SPAS), were used. Body weight and height were measured, and then Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS According to BMI cut-offs, 36% of subjects were overweight or obese. 28.4% and 19.6% of subjects were disordered eating attitudes (EAT-26>or=20) and low self-esteem (RSES<15), respectively. Disordered eating attitude subjects had lower SE and higher SPA, body weight and BMI than normal subjects (P<0.05). The low SE group had higher SPAS than normal one (P<0.02). In bivariate analysis, EAT-26 score was correlated negatively with RSES (r=-0.13, P<0.04) and positively with body weight, BMI, and SPAS (r=0.40, 0.42, and 0.47, respectively, P<0.001). SPAS had positive correlation with body weight and BMI (r=0.22, 0.19, CONCLUSION It can be concluded that disordered eating attitudes are prevalent among Iranian females who participate in fitness programs. In this group, high SPA, body weight and BMI, and low SE accompany disordered eating attitudes.