Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psicologia no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS): Reflexões Críticas Sobre Ações e Dilemas Profissionais

Este trabalho visa a problematizar a insercao e atuacao do psicologo no SUAS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada no Materialismo Historico Dialetico. Foram analisadas as referencias tecnicas do CFP e registros de diarios de campo de eventos publicos sobre o tema. As analises explicitaram as contradicoes entre o que e proposto na legislacao e referencias tecnicas com o que e vivenciado pelos profissionais. Dentre os problemas, estao: formacao em psicologia e reproducao de praticas hegemonicas, falta de espacos para reflexao da pratica e condicoes e vinculos de trabalho precarizados. No entanto, apesar desses problemas, a pesquisa identificou praticas convergentes com as demandas do SUAS como: insercao na comunidade, intervencoes grupais e algumas estrategias de superacao dos problemas por meio da organizacao coletiva e participacao politica. A partir dessas analises, propoem-se a Psicologia Comunitaria e a Psicologia Social da Libertacao como referenciais para subsidiar a atuacao do psicologo no SUAS.
The impact of outpatient clinical teaching on students' academic performance in obstetrics and gynecology

INTRODUCTION: Clinical teaching at outpatient settings is an essential part of undergraduate medical students' training. The increasing number of students in many medical schools and short hospital stays makes inpatient teaching alone insufficient to provide students with the required clinical skills. To make up this shortfall, outpatient clinical teaching has been implemented by our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University, KSA, throughout the academic year 2015–2016. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical teaching at outpatient settings on the academic performance of our students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comparative retrospective study, the effects of outpatient clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology on the academic performance of student was assessed through an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). During their course on obstetrics and gynecology, 58 students had their clinical teaching both at inpatient and outpatient settings and constituted “study group”. The remaining 52 students had clinical teaching only at inpatient settings and were considered “control group”. Students in both groups sat for OSCE at the end of week 8 of the gynecology course. Students in both groups sat for OSCE at the end of week 8 of the gynecology course. Four stations were used for assessment: obstetric history, gynecological history, obstetric physical examination of pregnant women, and gynecological procedure station. Twenty marks were allocated for each station giving a total score of 80. The OSCE scores for study group were compared with those of the control group using Student's t-test; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The total mean OSCE score was statistically significantly higher in the study group (62.36 vs. 47.94, p < 0.001). The study group participants showed significantly higher scores in the gynecological procedure station (16.74 vs. 11.62, p < 0.0001) and obstetric examination station (16.72 vs. 10.79, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Clinical teaching at outpatient settings leads to an improvement in students' performance in OSCE. There is evidence of remarkable improvement in the mastery of clinical skills as manifested in the students' scores in physical examination and procedures stations. These results will encourage us to have clinical teaching in other disciplines at outpatient settings.
Relationship between Corneal Temperature and Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Individuals: A Clinical Thermographic Analysis

Purpose. To study the geographical distribution of corneal temperature (CT) and its influence on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy human volunteers. Materials and Methods. Fifteen subjects (7 M, 8 F), 33.8 ± 17.4 years old, were enrolled in this pilot, cross-sectional study. Measurements of CT were taken after one hour with closed eyelids (CET) or closed eyelids with a cooling mask (cm-CET) and compared to baseline. Results. If compared to baseline, after CET, average CT significantly increased by 0.56°C in the RE and by 0.48°C in the LE (p < 0.001) and IOP concomitantly significantly increased by 1.13 mmHg and 1.46 mmHg, respectively, in each eye (p < 0.001). After cm-CET, average CT significantly decreased by 0.11°C and 0.20°C, respectively, in the RE and LE (RE p = 0.04; LE p = 0.024), followed by a significant IOP decrease of 2.19 mmHg and 1.54 mmHg, respectively, in each eye (RE p < 0.001; LE p = 0.0019). Conclusion. Significant variations of CT occurred after CET and cm-CET and were directly correlated with significant differences of IOP. It can be speculated that both oxidative stress and sympathetic nerve fiber stimulation by temperature oscillations may affect the regulation of AH vortex flow and turnover, thus influencing IOP values.
Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language

Classification: Supplemental: Mitochondrial Disease (Mito) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Short Description of Instrument: The Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) provides an oral language assessment for individuals ages 3 through 21. The battery includes 15 tests to measure language processing skills (comprehension, expression and retrieval) in four language structure categories (Lexical/Semantic, Syntactic, Superlinguistic, and Pragmatic. Each test has been classified by the authors as either Core or Supplementary; the core tests provide a global language composite and the supplementary tests provide additional information and index scores. A verbal or nonverbal response is required; however, reading or writing ability is not needed to complete this measure.
Optimal lossless compression: Source varentropy and dispersion

This work1 deals with the fundamental limits of strictly-lossless variable-length compression of known sources without prefix constraints. The source dispersion characterizes the time-horizon over which it is necessary to code in order to approach the entropy rate within a pre-specified tolerance. We show that for a large class of sources, the dispersion of the source is equal to the varentropy rate, defined as the asymptotic per-symbol variance of the information random variables. We focus on ergodic Markov chains, whose optimal encodings are shown to be asymptotically normal and to satisfy an appropriate laws of the iterated logarithm.
Production and Optimization of Î²-galactosidase by Bacillus Sp. MPTK 121, Isolated from Dairy Plant Soil

Studies on the β-galactosidase production were carried out with a bacterial strain isolated from the soil sample near dairy processing plant. The production of extracellular β-galactosidase by Bacillus sp. was optimized in a submerged fermentation. The effect of incubation period, temperature and pH of the medium were optimized. The production of the enzyme was found to be high at the 48th hour after inoculation at 30°C and pH 7. Of the metal ions used, MgCl2 was found to favor the enzyme production. Under optimal conditions, β-galactosidase was allowed to produce by the isolated Bacillus Sp. strain. The enzyme was purified using and the purified β-galactosidase was homogeneous with the molecular weight of 70 kDa as shown by SDS PAGE analysis
Diets High in Corn Oil or Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Provided From Weaning Advance Sexual Maturation and Differentially Modify Susceptibility to Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Rats

Based on the importance of early-life events in breast cancer risk, we have investigated the effects of high-fat diets on maturation, mammary gland development, and its susceptibility to transformation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a lowfat (LF), high corn oil (HCO), or high extra-virgin olive oil (HOO) diet from weaning and gavaged with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Body weight and mass increased in the HCO group compared to the LF group. The vaginal opening was advanced in both high-fat groups, especially in the HCO group. This HCO group also had increased body weight around puberty, more corpora lutea at post-puberty, and tended to have higher kisspeptin levels in the hypothalamus. Both high-fat diets induced subtle modifications in the morphology of the mammary gland, with no changes on β-casein or hormone receptors expression in the gland. The HCO diet had a clearly stimulating effect of carcinogenesis, inducing the earliest appearance of tumors and the highest tumor incidence and yield, whereas the HOO diet seemed to have a weak enhancing effect, increasing tumor yield. Our data suggest a strong influence of the HCO diet in sexual maturation and mammary cancer risk, while rats fed the HOO diet were more similar to the controls.
Granule-Like Neurons at the Hilar/CA3 Border after Status Epilepticus and Their Synchrony with Area CA3 Pyramidal Cells: Functional Implications of Seizure-Induced Neurogenesis

A group of neurons with the characteristics of dentate gyrus granule cells was found at the hilar/CA3 border several weeks after pilocarpine- or kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Intracellular recordings from pilocarpine-treated rats showed that these “granule-like” neurons were similar to normal granule cells (i.e., those in the granule cell layer) in membrane properties, firing behavior, morphology, and their mossy fiber axon. However, in contrast to normal granule cells, they were synchronized with spontaneous, rhythmic bursts of area CA3 pyramidal cells that survived status epilepticus. Saline-treated controls lacked the population of granule-like cells at the hilar/CA3 border and CA3 bursts. In rats that were injected after status epilepticus with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label newly born cells, and also labeled for calbindin D28K (because it normally stains granule cells), many double-labeled neurons were located at the hilar/CA3 border. Many BrdU-labeled cells at the hilar/CA3 border also were double-labeled with a neuronal marker (NeuN). Taken together with the recent evidence that granule cells that are born after seizures can migrate into the hilus, the results suggest that some newly born granule cells migrate as far as the CA3 cell layer, where they become integrated abnormally into the CA3 network, yet they retain granule cell intrinsic properties. The results provide insight into the physiological properties of newly born granule cells in the adult brain and suggest that relatively rigid developmental programs set the membrane properties of newly born cells, but substantial plasticity is present to influence their place in pre-existing circuitry.
Resolution of Bias: Tort Diversity Cases in the United States Courts of Appeals

The ability of federal courts to hear, through the grant of diversity jurisdiction, cases typically found in state court jurisdiction has stirred controversy since the Judiciary Act of 1789. Whether federal judges presiding in diversity-of-citizenship cases are striving to eliminate the real or perceived biases in state courts against out-of-state parties and whether these same judges are applying the proper state law are of great concern. While these issues have been hotly contested, they have not been empirically tested. This article examines the votes of United States Courts of Appeals judges in tort diversity cases to test these claims. Through this analysis, it appears that these federal courts are in fact not only rendering unbiased decisions, but also settling these disputes based on applicable state law, thereby holding true to principles of federalism.
Marital status and suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of marital status on the risk of suicide, using a large nationally representative sample. A related objective was to investigate the association between marital status and suicide by sex. METHODS Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979–1989 follow up. In estimating the effect of marital status, adjustments were made for age, sex, race, education, family income, and region of residence. RESULTS For the entire sample, higher risks of suicide were found in divorced than in married persons. Divorced and separated persons were over twice as likely to commit suicide as married persons (RR=2.08, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.58, 2.72). Being single or widowed had no significant effect on suicide risk. When data were stratified by sex, it was observed that the risk of suicide among divorced men was over twice that of married men (RR=2.38, CI 1.77, 3.20). Among women, however, there were no statistically significant differentials in the risk of suicide by marital status categories. CONCLUSIONS Marital status, especially divorce, has strong net effect on mortality from suicide, but only among men. The study showed that in epidemiological research on suicide, more accurate results would be obtained if samples are stratified on the basis of key demographic or social characteristics. The study further observed that failure to control for relevant socioeconomic variables or combining men and women in the same models could produce misleading results.
Cracking the Cornfields: Recruiting Illicit Stimulant Drug Users in Rural Ohio

This article describes the process of recruiting research subjects for a natural history study of illicit stimulant use in rural Ohio using respondent-driven sampling and ethnographic methods. Participant observation, qualitative interviews, and focus groups were used to establish the project and to evaluate and modify the sampling process as it unfolded. We outline the steps taken in several different rural counties, using ethnographic data to illustrate local differences and obstacles that were faced. The article concludes that respondent-driven sampling is a promising method for identifying and recruiting members of hidden populations in rural areas. However, adequate time must be allotted to establish ethnographic footholds and to reach various networks in separate communities.
Monte Carlo- versus pencil-beam-/collapsed-cone-dose calculation in a heterogeneous multi-layer phantom

The aim of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of dose predicted in heterogeneous media by a pencil beam (PB), a collapsed cone (CC) and a Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm. For this purpose, a simple multi-layer phantom composed of Styrofoam and white polystyrene was irradiated with 10 × 10 cm2 as well as 20 × 20 cm2 open 6 MV photon fields. The beam axis was aligned parallel to the layers and various field offsets were applied. Thereby, the amount of lateral scatter was controlled. Dose measurements were performed with an ionization chamber positioned both in the central layer of white polystyrene and the adjacent layers of Styrofoam. It was found that, in white polystyrene, both MC and CC calculations agreed satisfactorily with the measurements whereas the PB algorithm calculated 12% higher doses on average. By studying off-axis dose profiles the observed differences in the calculation results increased dramatically for the three algorithms. In the regions of low density CC calculated 10% (8%) lower doses for the 10 × 10 cm2 (20 × 20 cm2) fields than MC. The MC data on the other hand agreed well with the measurements, presuming that proper replacement correction for the ionization chamber embedded in Styrofoam was performed. PB results evidently did not account for the scattering geometry and were therefore not really comparable. Our investigations showed that the PB algorithm generates very large errors for the dose in the vicinity of interfaces and within low-density regions. We also found that for the used CC algorithm large deviations for the absolute dose (dose/monitor unit) occur in regions of electronic disequilibrium. The performance might be improved by better adapted parameters. Therefore, we recommend a careful investigation of the accuracy for dose calculations in heterogeneous media for each beam data set and algorithm.
Cosmic-Ray Protons Accelerated at Cosmological Shocks and Their Impact on Groups and Clusters of Galaxies

We investigate the production of cosmic-ray (CR) protons at cosmological shocks by performing, for the first time, numerical simulations of large-scale structure formation that include directly the acceleration, transport, and energy losses of the high-energy particles. CRs are injected at shocks according to the thermal leakage model and, thereafter, accelerated to a power-law distribution as indicated by the test particle limit of the diffusive shock acceleration theory. The evolution of the CR protons accounts for losses owing to adiabatic expansion/compression, Coulomb collisions, and inelastic p-p scattering. Our results suggest that CR protons produced at shocks formed in association with the process of large-scale structure formation could amount to a substantial fraction of the total pressure in the intracluster medium. Their presence should be easily revealed by GLAST (Gamma-Ray Large-Area Space Telescope) through detection of γ-ray flux from the decay of π0 produced in inelastic p-p collisions of such CR protons with nuclei of the intracluster gas. This measurement will allow a direct determination of the CR pressure contribution in the intracluster medium. We also find that the spatial distribution of CR is typically more irregular than that of the thermal gas because it is more influenced by the underlying distribution of shocks. This feature is reflected in the appearance of our γ-ray synthetic images. Finally, the average CR pressure distribution appears statistically slightly more extended than the thermal pressure.
Antineuronal antibodies in movement disorders.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether children with recent onset of movement disorders (Tourette syndrome, motor and/or vocal tics, chorea, choreiform movements) show evidence of serological antibodies directed against the human central nervous system as previously documented in research on Sydenham's chorea. METHODS Serum antibodies against previously frozen human caudate nucleus sections were analyzed using a blinded design and immunofluorescent staining methods. The sera of one group of 50 children referred for evaluation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavior disorders, and learning disabilities (24 with an associated movement disorder) seen between June 1989 and June 1990 were analyzed. The study was replicated in 33 children (21 with an associated movement disorder) seen between June 1990 and November 1990. RESULTS In the original sample of 50 children, those with movement disorders were significantly more likely to have evidence of antineuronal antibodies than were those without movement disorders (odds ratio [OR] 4.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58 to 8.93). Results of the replication were similar (OR 6.00, 95% CI 2.56 to 14.03). For the total group, the OR was 5.50, (95% CI 3.54 to 8.99), which is highly significant. The percentage of children with a movement disorder whose sera were strongly positive for antineuronal antibodies (44%) was very similar to that previously found in children with Sydenham's chorea (46%). Children with movement disorders were also more likely than children without movement disorders to have at least one antistreptococcal titer elevated. CONCLUSIONS The data strongly suggest an association between antecedent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection as inferred from elevated antistreptococcal titers and the presence of serum antineuronal antibodies, which may, in turn, be linked to childhood movement disorders.
Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices.

We have studied the magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr superlattices prepared by molecularbeam epitaxy. A huge magnetoresistance is found in superlattices with thin Cr layers: For example, with ${t}_{\mathrm{Cr}}=9$ \AA{}, at $T=4.2$ K, the resistivity is lowered by almost a factor of 2 in a magnetic field of 2 T. We ascribe this giant magnetoresistance to spin-dependent transmission of the conduction electrons between Fe layers through Cr layers.
Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment

Plastic debris has significant environmental and economic impacts in marine systems. Monitoring is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures implemented to reduce the abundance of plastic debris, but it is complicated by large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the amounts of plastic debris and by our limited understanding of the pathways followed by plastic debris and its long-term fate. To date, most monitoring has focused on beach surveys of stranded plastics and other litter. Infrequent surveys of the standing stock of litter on beaches provide crude estimates of debris types and abundance, but are biased by differential removal of litter items by beachcombing, cleanups and beach dynamics. Monitoring the accumulation of stranded debris provides an index of debris trends in adjacent waters, but is costly to undertake. At-sea sampling requires large sample sizes for statistical power to detect changes in abundance, given the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Another approach is to monitor the impacts of plastics. Seabirds and other marine organisms that accumulate plastics in their stomachs offer a cost-effective way to monitor the abundance and composition of small plastic litter. Changes in entanglement rates are harder to interpret, as they are sensitive to changes in population sizes of affected species. Monitoring waste disposal on ships and plastic debris levels in rivers and storm-water runoff is useful because it identifies the main sources of plastic debris entering the sea and can direct mitigation efforts. Different monitoring approaches are required to answer different questions, but attempts should be made to standardize approaches internationally.
Screening and Characterization of Lactobacillus casei MCL Strain Exhibiting Immunomodulation Activity

As an appraisal for the application of a new starter culture, more than 200 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated fromraw milk and healthy human feces. The strains showing excellent growth and acid production ability in 10% skim milkmedia were selected and identified as Lactobacillus casei based on the results of their API carbohydrate fermentation pat-terns, as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis. To assess the effect of L. casei strains on irritable bowel disease (IBD), theinhibitory effect of the selected strains against the nitric oxide (NO) production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulatedRAW 264.7 cells was measured. Among the tested L. casei strains, L. casei MCL was observed to have the greatest NOinhibitory activity. Additionally, L. casei MCL was found to inhibit mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) involvedin pathophysiologic processes such as inflammation. The mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β) of L. casei MCL, was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. In conclu-sion, L. casei MCL showed decreases in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated expression of theanti-inflammatory cytokine.Key words: immunomodulating, Lactobacillus casei, probiotics, cytokine