Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Koreans: It's Incidence and the Clinical, Pathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings

Seven hundred forty seven cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in Koreans who were diagnosed between 2001 and 2002 were analyzed to evaluate their occurrence and their clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical findings. The most frequent location of tumor was in the stomach (63%), followed by the small intestine (30%), the colorectum (5%), and the esophagus (2%). c-kit expression was found in 93.6% of the cases, while CD34, SMA and S-100 protein was positive in 80.1%, 28.2%, and 20.2%, respectively. c-kit positivity was high in the stomach (94.2%) and small intestine (94.6%), while it was relatively low in the colorectum (85.0%), and esophagus (81.2%). The positivity for CD34 was correlated with the higher risk of GISTs (p = 0.04). Follow up of the patients showed that 58 primary GISTs patients died and 20 of these patients were recurrent or metastatic at the time of diagnosis. The pathologic diagnosis to predict the risk of aggressive behavior of GISTs was correlated with the numbers of tumor, clinical stage, epithelioid histologic type, cellularity, cellular atypia, necrosis, and mucosal invasion (p = 0.00). GISTs with a poor prognosis were closely related to the clinical stage at presentation, the locations of the tumor, and the ages of the patients.
Chronic pain in hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hypermobility type): it is a challenge

Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is highly prevalent among patients diagnosed with chronic pain. When GJH is accompanied by pain in ≥4 joints over a period ≥3 months in the absence of other conditions that cause chronic pain, the hypermobility syndrome (HMS) may be diagnosed. In addition, GJH is also a clinical sign that is frequently present in hereditary diseases of the connective tissue, such as the Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. However, within the Ehlers–Danlos spectrum, a similar subcategory of patients having similar clinical features as HMS but lacking a specific genetic profile was identified: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT). Researchers and clinicians have struggled for decades with the highly diverse clinical presentation within the HMS and EDS-HT phenotypes (Challenge 1) and the lack of understanding of the pathological mechanisms that underlie the development of pain and its persistence (Challenge 2). In addition, within the HMS/EDS-HT phenotype, there is a high prevalence of psychosocial factors, which again presents a difficult issue that needs to be addressed (Challenge 3). Despite recent scientific advances, many obstacles for clinical care and research still remain. To gain further insight into the phenotype of HMS/EDS-HT and its mechanisms, clearer descriptions of these populations should be made available. Future research and clinical care should revise and create consensus on the diagnostic criteria for HMS/EDS-HT (Solution 1), account for clinical heterogeneity by the classification of subtypes within the HMS/EDS-HT spectrum (Solution 2), and create a clinical core set (Solution 3).
Oxidative Stress in Malaria

Malaria is a significant public health problem in more than 100 countries and causes an estimated 200 million new infections every year. Despite the significant effort to eradicate this dangerous disease, lack of complete knowledge of its physiopathology compromises the success in this enterprise. In this paper we review oxidative stress mechanisms involved in the disease and discuss the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial strategy.
Association Between IL-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms (-592 A/C, -819 T/C, -1082 A/G) and Susceptibility to HBV Infection in an Iranian Population

Background IL-10 can play a vital role in immune response against HBV. Three biallelic SNPs from the transcription start site control the transcription of the IL-10 gene. An association between susceptibility to HBV and IL-10 polymorphisms has been suggested in patients with HBV infection. Objectives The present study was designed to study the association between polymorphisms in interleukin-10 (-1082 A/G, -819 T/C and -592 A/C) promoter gene and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Patients and Methods 221 chronically infected patients and 200 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Three biallelic (-1082 A/G, -819 T/C and -592 A/C) polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter gene were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Results Persistent HBV infection was associated with IL-10-1082 AG (P = 0.001) and GG (P = 0.004) genotypes and G (P = 0.000) allele. IL-10-819 T/C and -592 A/C genotype and allele frequencies did not show any correlation with the risk of chronic hepatitis B infection. Conclusions These results suggest that polymorphisms in interleukin-10 gene promoter influence clinical outcome of HBV infection and susceptibility to HBV infection.
The Effect of Sintering Conditions on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramic

Lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, (PZT) from mixture of commercial PbO, TiO2 and ZrO2 powders were successfully prepared using planetary ball mill. The microstructure and electrical properties of PZT ceramic were found to be more sensitive to the sintering condition. The influence of microstructure and electrical properties towards sintering condition of the samples were studied. SEM analysis indicated that shorter sintering time with higher sintering temperature promotes fine structure and densification. This have been proves where relative density of the obtained sintered PZT ceramics was measured to be approximately 99 % of the theoretical density. The electrical properties of the ceramic sintered at higher temperature with different sintering time were measured at high frequencies. The result revealed that different sintering conditions give big impact to the electrical behavior in a broad frequency region.
Efficacy of Synaptic Inhibition Depends on Multiple, Dynamically Interacting Mechanisms Implicated in Chloride Homeostasis

Chloride homeostasis is a critical determinant of the strength and robustness of inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors (GABAARs). The impact of changes in steady state Cl− gradient is relatively straightforward to understand, but how dynamic interplay between Cl− influx, diffusion, extrusion and interaction with other ion species affects synaptic signaling remains uncertain. Here we used electrodiffusion modeling to investigate the nonlinear interactions between these processes. Results demonstrate that diffusion is crucial for redistributing intracellular Cl− load on a fast time scale, whereas Cl−extrusion controls steady state levels. Interaction between diffusion and extrusion can result in a somato-dendritic Cl− gradient even when KCC2 is distributed uniformly across the cell. Reducing KCC2 activity led to decreased efficacy of GABAAR-mediated inhibition, but increasing GABAAR input failed to fully compensate for this form of disinhibition because of activity-dependent accumulation of Cl−. Furthermore, if spiking persisted despite the presence of GABAAR input, Cl− accumulation became accelerated because of the large Cl− driving force that occurs during spikes. The resulting positive feedback loop caused catastrophic failure of inhibition. Simulations also revealed other feedback loops, such as competition between Cl− and pH regulation. Several model predictions were tested and confirmed by [Cl−]i imaging experiments. Our study has thus uncovered how Cl− regulation depends on a multiplicity of dynamically interacting mechanisms. Furthermore, the model revealed that enhancing KCC2 activity beyond normal levels did not negatively impact firing frequency or cause overt extracellular K− accumulation, demonstrating that enhancing KCC2 activity is a valid strategy for therapeutic intervention.
Fuzzy Lorenz Ant Colony System to solve multiobjective reentrant hybride flowshop scheduling problem

This article deals with the multiobjective reentrant hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. In the latter several tasks has to be processed in a system and the special feature here is that they must be processed several times on each machines. The system is composed of multiple stages which contain parallel identical machines. Since the tasks must reenter the system at the end of the normal process they create conflict with the following tasks. This problem is NP-Hard and we have developed a metaheuristics to solve it. The latter is an Lorenz Multi-Objective Ant Colony System (L-Ant). In this paper this algorithm becomes a Fuzzy-Logic Controller to adapt parameters α and β at each generation t with respect to the structure of the population in previous generations (t − 1) and (t − 2). The two objectives are the makespan and the total tardiness minimization. In this works we compare the classic L-Ant and the latter improved by FLC (so called Fuzzy Lorenz Ant). These two algorithms are tested on multiple instances adapted from the literature. Finally the comparisons of the results obtained by the algorithms are done with two different multi-objectives measures.
The universal sl3–link homology

We define the universal sl3 –link homology, which depends on 3 parameters, following Khovanov’s approach with foams. We show that this 3–parameter link homology, when taken with complex coefficients, can be divided into 3 isomorphism classes. The first class is the one to which Khovanov’s original sl3 –link homology belongs, the second is the one studied by Gornik in the context of matrix factorizations and the last one is new. Following an approach similar to Gornik’s we show that this new link homology can be described in terms of Khovanov’s original sl2 –link homology.
DR-Prolog: A System for Defeasible Reasoning with Rules and Ontologies on the Semantic Web

Nonmonotonic rule systems are expected to play an important role in the layered development of the semantic Web. Defeasible reasoning is a direction in nonmonotonic reasoning that is based on the use of rules that may be defeated by other rules. It is a simple, but often more efficient approach than other nonmonotonic rule systems for reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. This paper reports on the implementation of a system for defeasible reasoning on the Web. The system 1) is syntactically compatible with RuleML, 2) features strict and defeasible rules, priorities, and two kinds of negation, 3) is based on a translation to logic programming with declarative semantics, 4) is flexible and adaptable to different intuitions within defeasible reasoning, and 5) can reason with rules, RDF, RDF Schema, and (parts of) OWL ontologies
Neighborhood Externalities and Housing Price Dynamics

In this paper, we explore differential changes in house prices across neighborhoods within a city to better understand the nature of house price dynamics. Using a variety of different data sources, we find that two stable empirical relationships emerge. First, we find that initially low priced neighborhoods systematically experience higher appreciation rates during city wide housing booms than do initially higher priced neighborhoods. Second, we find that the extent of the convergence of prices across neighborhoods is greater the larger the price appreciation rate for the city as a whole. We then present a spatial equilibrium model of a city to explain the above facts. The key ingredient of our model is the presence of a positive neighborhood externality: agents like to live in areas where other agents live. The idea is that local amenities are better the more people live in the neighborhood. We show that if a positive house demand shock hits the city, house prices will appreciate more in low priced neighborhoods relative to high priced neighborhoods, as our first fact predicts. In addition, relative to a standard model with convex adjustment costs, the existence of a positive neighborhood externality generates a persistent increase in housing prices in the long run and may amplify the reaction of prices in the short run. We also show that our model is consistent with the second fact. In particular, we explore an extension of the model with gentrification. We show that cities at a more advanced stage of development feature more gentrification in reaction to similar demand shocks, hence experiencing bigger housing price booms and more neighborhood convergence. In the final part of the paper, we provide additional empirical support for the model’s prediction. ∗Contact: vguerrie@chicagobooth.edu †Contact: daniel.hartley@clev.frb. org ‡Contact: Erik.Hurst@chicagobooth.edu
Quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget of the land surface: is this useful?

Abstract. As a system is moved away from a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, spatial and temporal heterogeneity is induced. A possible methodology to assess these impacts is to examine the thermodynamic entropy budget and assess the role of entropy production and transfer between the surface and the atmosphere. Here, we adopted this thermodynamic framework to examine the implications of changing vegetation fractional cover on land surface energy exchange processes using the NOAH land surface model and eddy covariance observations. Simulations that varied the relative fraction of vegetation were used to calculate the resultant entropy budget as a function of fraction of vegetation. Results showed that increasing vegetation fraction increases entropy production by the land surface while decreasing the overall entropy budget (the rate of change in entropy at the surface). This is accomplished largely via simultaneous increase in the entropy production associated with the absorption of solar radiation and a decline in the Bowen ratio (ratio of sensible to latent heat flux), which leads to increasing the entropy export associated with the latent heat flux during the daylight hours and dominated by entropy transfer associated with sensible heat and soil heat fluxes during the nighttime hours. Eddy covariance observations also show that the entropy production has a consistent sensitivity to land cover, while the overall entropy budget appears most related to the net radiation at the surface, however with a large variance. This implies that quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget and entropy production is a useful metric for assessing biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere system interactions.
Stereological Analysis of Liver Biopsy Histology Sections as a Reference Standard for Validating Non-Invasive Liver Fat Fraction Measurements by MRI

Background and Aims Validation of non-invasive methods of liver fat quantification requires a reference standard. However, using standard histopathology assessment of liver biopsies is problematical because of poor repeatability. We aimed to assess a stereological method of measuring volumetric liver fat fraction (VLFF) in liver biopsies and to use the method to validate a magnetic resonance imaging method for measurement of VLFF. Methods VLFFs were measured in 59 subjects (1) by three independent analysts using a stereological point counting technique combined with the Delesse principle on liver biopsy histological sections and (2) by three independent analysts using the HepaFat-Scan® technique on magnetic resonance images of the liver. Bland Altman statistics and intraclass correlation (IC) were used to assess the repeatability of each method and the bias between the methods of liver fat fraction measurement. Results Inter-analyst repeatability coefficients for the stereology and HepaFat-Scan® methods were 8.2 (95% CI 7.7–8.8)% and 2.4 (95% CI 2.2–2.5)% VLFF respectively. IC coefficients were 0.86 (95% CI 0.69–0.93) and 0.990 (95% CI 0.985–0.994) respectively. Small biases (≤3.4%) were observable between two pairs of analysts using stereology while no significant biases were observable between any of the three pairs of analysts using HepaFat-Scan®. A bias of 1.4±0.5% VLFF was observed between the HepaFat-Scan® method and the stereological method. Conclusions Repeatability of the stereological method is superior to the previously reported performance of assessment of hepatic steatosis by histopathologists and is a suitable reference standard for validating non-invasive methods of measurement of VLFF.
Predictable task migration for locked caches in multi-core systems

Locking cache lines in hard real-time systems is a common means of achieving predictability of cache access behavior and tightening as well as reducing worst case execution time, especially in a multitasking environment. However, cache locking poses a challenge for multi-core hard real-time systems since theoretically optimal scheduling techniques on multi-core architectures assume zero cost for task migration. Tasks with locked cache lines need to proactively migrate these lines before the next invocation of the task. Otherwise, cache locking on multi-core architectures becomes useless as predictability is compromised. This paper proposes hardware-based push-assisted cache migration as a means to retain locks on cache lines across migrations. We extend the push-assisted migration model with several cache migration techniques to efficiently retain locked cache lines on a bus-based chip multi-processor architecture. We also provide deterministic migration delay bounds that help the scheduler decide which migration technique(s) to utilize to relocate a single or multiple tasks. This information also allows the scheduler to determine feasibility of task migrations, which is critical for the safety of any hard real-time system. Such proactive migration of locked cache lines in multi-cores is unprecedented to our knowledge.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Global Chemical Weather Forecasts for Field Campaign Planning: Predictions and Observations of Large-scale Features during Minos, Contrace, and Indoex

The first global tropospheric forecasts of O 3 and its precursors have been used in the daily flight planning of field measurement campaigns. The 3-D chemistry-transport model MATCH-MPIC is driven by meteorological data from a weather center (NCEP) to produce daily 3-day forecasts of the global distributions of O 3 and related gases, as well as regional CO tracers. This paper describes the forecast system and its use in three field campaigns, MINOS, CON-TRACE and INDOEX. An overview is given of the forecasts by MATCH-MPIC and by three other chemical weather forecast models (EURAD, ECHAM, and FLEXPART), focus-ing on O 3 and CO. Total CO and regional CO tracers were found to be the most valuable gases for flight planning, due to their relatively well-defined anthropogenic source regions and lifetimes of one to a few months. CO was in good agreement with the observations on nearly all the flights (generally r > 0.7, and the relative RMS differences for the deviations from the means was less than 20%). In every case in which the chemical weather forecasts were primarily responsible for the flight plans, the targeted features were observed. Three forecasted phenomena are discussed in detail: outflow from Asia observed in the Mediterranean upper troposphere during MINOS, outflow from North Amer-ica observed in the middle troposphere over northern Eu-rope during CONTRACE, and the location of the " chemical ITCZ " over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX. In particular it is shown that although intercontinental pollution plumes such as those observed during MINOS and CON-TRACE occur repeatedly during the months around the campaigns , their frequency is sufficiently low (∼10–30% of the time) that global chemical weather forecasts are important for enabling them to be observed during limited-duration field campaigns. The MATCH-MPIC chemical weather forecasts , including an interface for making customized figures from the output, are available for community use via http:
Gender Equity in College Majors: Looking Beyond the STEM/Non-STEM Dichotomy for Answers Regarding Female Participation

Women are underrepresented in many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors and in some non-STEM majors (e.g., philosophy). Combining newly gathered data on students’ perceptions of college major traits with data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), we find that perceived gender bias against women emerges as the dominant predictor of the gender balance in college majors. The perception of the major being math or science oriented is less important. We replicate these findings using a separate sample to measure college major traits. Results suggest the need to incorporate major-level traits in research on gender gaps in college major choices and the need to recognize the impact of perceptions of potential gender discrimination on college major choices.
ATTACHMENT STYLES AND THE MICHELANGELO PHENOMENON: ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INTERPERSONAL GROWTH STRIVING

OF THESIS ATTACHMENT STYLES AND THE MICHELANGELO PHENOMENON: ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INTERPERSONAL GROWTH STRIVING Michelangelo Phenomenon provides an interpersonal model of goal pursuits and suggests that close partners sculpt one another and help them move toward their ideal selves. Attachment theory also provides a parallel explanation of how close others can help one another move toward their goals. The purpose of the current research was to look at the influence of attachment on the Michelangelo Phenomenon and test whether it best fit as a predictor, mediator, or moderator. The hypotheses were tested across three studies (two longitudinal and one cross-sectional) using a maximum likelihood estimation path analysis following APIM assumptions. The results provided strong support for the link between attachment and the Michelangelo Phenomenon. Across three studies, attachment acted as a predictor of the Michelangelo Phenomenon with higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance predicting lower levels of affirmation. Relevance to therapy and future directions are also discussed.
An Overview of Conceptual Change Theories.

Conceptual change researchers have made significant progress on two prominent but competing theoretical perspectives regarding knowledge structure coherence. These perspectives can be broadly characterized as (1) knowledge-as-theory perspectives and (2) knowledge-as-elements perspectives. These perspectives can be briefly summarized in terms of the following questions. Is a student’s knowledge most accurately represented as a coherent unified framework of theory-like character (e.g., Carey, 1999; Chi, 2005; Ioannides & Vosniadou, 2002; Wellman & Gelman, 1992)? Or is a student’s knowledge more aptly considered as an ecology of quasi-independent elements (e.g., Clark, 2006; diSessa, Gillespie, & Esterly, 2004; Harrison, Grayson, & Treagust, 1999; Linn, Eylon, & Davis, 2004)? In this review, we clarify these two theoretical perspectives and discuss the educational implications of each. This debate is important because these perspectives implicate radically different pathways for curricular design to help students reorganize their understandings. Historically, the research literature has predominantly supported knowledge-as-theory perspectives. After outlining both perspectives, this paper discusses arguments and educational implications that potentially favor the adoption of knowledgeas- elements perspectives