Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Clustering and Galaxy Bias in a ΛCDM Universe

We investigate galaxy clustering and the correlations between galaxies and mass in the ΛCDM cosmological model (inflationary cold dark matter with Ωm = 0.4, ΩΛ = 0.6, h = 0.65, n = 0.95, and σ8 = 0.8), using a large, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation (SPH; with 2 × 1443 particles in a 50 h-1 Mpc cube). Simulated galaxies can be unambiguously identified as clumps of stars and cold gas a few kpc to a few tens of kpc across, residing in extended halos of hot gas and dark matter; the space density of the resolved galaxy population at z = 0 corresponds to that of observed galaxies with luminosity L ≳ L*/4. We investigate the galaxy correlation function, the pairwise velocity dispersion and mean pairwise velocity, and the second and third moments of counts in cells; we also investigate the galaxy-mass correlation function and the average extended mass distributions around galaxies, both of which can be measured via galaxy-galaxy lensing. For the most part, the predicted biases between galaxies and dark matter lead to good agreement with current observations, including (1) a nearly constant comoving correlation length from z = 3 to 0 for mass-selected galaxy samples of constant comoving space density; (2) an rms bias factor bσ ≈ 1 at z = 0; (3) a scale-dependent bias on small scales that transforms the curved dark matter correlation function into a nearly power-law galaxy correlation function; (4) galaxy pairwise dispersion and hierarchical skewness ratio S3 in good agreement with observed values, lower than values for the dark matter by ~20%; (5) a ratio of galaxy-galaxy to galaxy-mass correlation functions consistent with recent measurements from the Red Cluster Sequence survey; and (6) a mean excess mass ΔM(260 h-1 kpc) approximately proportional to galaxy baryon mass Mb, in agreement with estimates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). All these clustering properties vary with galaxy baryon mass and, more strongly, with the age of a galaxy's stellar population. The predicted dependences are in good qualitative agreement with the observed dependence of galaxy clustering and the galaxy-mass correlation function on galaxy type. The predicted ratio ΔM(260 h-1 kpc)/Mb is lower than the SDSS estimates by a factor of ~1.5-3 for galaxies with Mb ≳ 2 × 1011 M☉. A test with a higher resolution (smaller volume) simulation suggests that this discrepancy is largely a numerical artifact; if so, then the SDSS weak-lensing comparison leaves limited room for feedback or other astrophysical processes to reduce the stellar masses of luminous galaxies, at least given our adopted cosmological parameters. On the whole, our results show that the ΛCDM model and the galaxy formation physics incorporated in the SPH simulation give a good account of observed galaxy clustering, but anticipated improvements in clustering and weak-lensing measurements will soon test this picture in much greater detail.
Insurance-Based Differences in Time to Diagnostic Follow-up after Positive Screening Mammography

Background: Insurance may lengthen or inhibit time to follow-up after positive screening mammography. We assessed the association between insurance status and time to initial diagnostic follow-up after a positive screening mammogram. Methods: Using 1995–2010 data from a North Carolina population-based registry of breast imaging and cancer outcomes, we identified women with a positive screening mammogram. We compared receipt of follow-up within 60 days of screening using logistic regression and evaluated time to follow-up initiation using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Among 43,026 women included in the study, 73% were <65 years and 27% were 65+ years. Median time until initial diagnostic follow-up was similar by age group and insurance status. In the adjusted model for women <65, uninsured women experienced a longer time to initiation of diagnostic follow-up [HR, 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25–0.89] versus women with private insurance. There were increased odds of these uninsured women not meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for follow-up within 60 days (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31–1.94). Among women ages 65+, women with private insurance experienced a faster time to follow-up (adjusted HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.27–3.44) than women with Medicare and private insurance. Approximately 10% of women had no follow-up by 365 days. Conclusions: We found differences in time to initial diagnostic follow-up after a positive screening mammogram by insurance status and age group. Uninsured women younger than 65 years at a positive screening event had delayed follow-up. Impact: Replication of these findings and examination of their clinical significance warrant additional investigation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(11); 1474–82. ©2016 AACR.
Level Zero Types and Hecke Algebras for Local Central Simple Algebras

Abstract Let D be a central division algebra and A × = GL m ( D ) the unit group of a central simple algebra over a p-adic field F . The purpose of this paper is to give types (in the sense of Bushnell and Kutzko) for all level zero Bernstein components of A × and to establish that the Hecke algebras associated to these types are isomorphic to tensor products of Iwahori Hecke algebras. The types which we consider are lifted from cuspidal representations τ of M ( k D ), where M is a standard Levi subgroup of GL m and k D is the residual field of D . Two types are equivalent if and only if the corresponding pairs ( M ( k D ), τ ) are conjugate with respect to A × . The results are basically the same as in the split case A × = GL n ( F ) due to Bushnell and Kutzko. In the non-split case there are more equivalent types and the proofs are technically more complicated.
Clavicle Chest Cage Angle Difference: Is It a Radiographic and Clinical Predictor of Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance in Lenke I Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?

Study Design. A retrospective study. Objective. To evaluate the effect of preoperative clavicle chest cage angle difference (CCAD) on postoperative radiographic shoulder imbalance, cosmetic shoulder balance, patient's satisfaction, and surgeon's fulfillment in Lenke I adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of Background Data. CCAD is a novel predictor of postoperative radiographic shoulder imbalance in AIS. However, radiographic shoulder balance does not always correspond to cosmetic shoulder balance. Methods. Forty-four Lenke I AIS patients treated with posterior spinal fusion with a minimum 2-year follow-up were analyzed. Shoulder height difference (SHD) and CCAD were measured on anteroposterior standing radiographs. The inner shoulder height (SHi) and the outer shoulder height (SHo) were measured using the patients’ photographs. The patients’ satisfaction and the surgeons’ fulfillment were evaluated using a questionnaire. A receiver operative characteristic curve analysis was performed to explore the threshold values of preoperative CCAD in the prediction of the final follow-up radiographic shoulder imbalance, patients’ satisfaction, and surgeons’ fulfillment. Results. At the final follow-up, the preoperative CCAD was significantly greater in patients with unbalanced shoulders (SHD ≥1 cm). For cosmetic shoulder balance at the final follow-up, there was no significant difference in preoperative CCAD between Group 1i (SHi ≥1 cm, n = 14) and Group 2i (SHi <1 cm, n = 30), and the preoperative CCAD was also similar between Group 1o (SHo ≥1 cm, n = 17) and Group 2o (SHo <1 cm, n = 27). For patients’ satisfaction and surgeons’ fulfillment, the preoperative CCAD was significantly greater in patients with unsatisfied outcomes. The threshold value of preoperative CCAD to predict the final follow-up radiographic shoulder imbalance, patients’ satisfaction, and surgeons’ fulfillment was 5.5°. Conclusion. CCAD is a good radiographic predictor for postoperative radiographic shoulder imbalance in Lenke I AIS patients. Moreover, it is also associated with the patients’ satisfaction and surgeons’ fulfillment postoperatively. However, CCAD cannot predict postoperative cosmetic shoulder balance. Level of Evidence: 4
Availability of Dental Prosthesis Procedures in Brazilian Primary Health Care

Objectives To describe dental prosthesis provision in the Brazilian public health service and report the performance of dental prosthesis procedures according to the Brazilian macroregions. Methods A structured interview was conducted with senior-level health professionals from each of the 18,114 oral health teams (OHT). The dependent variables were performance of removable prostheses and prosthesis procedures, including provision of fixed prostheses by OHT. Descriptive statistics were produced together with performing a cluster analysis using SPSS version 19.0. Results The manufacture of any type of prosthesis was done by a minority of OHT (43%). The most commonly provided types of dental prosthesis were removable full and partial dentures. Cluster 1 (teams that performed prosthesis procedures the most) was composed of a smaller number of teams (n = 5,531), and Cluster 2 (composed of teams that do not perform prosthetics or that perform them in small amounts) consisted of 12,583 teams. The geographic distribution of clusters reveals that the largest proportion of Cluster 1 teams is located in the Northeast (33.9%) and Southeast (33.6%). Conclusions A minority of OHT produce dental prostheses. There is an unequal geographical distribution of clusters.
Lipid microbubbles as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery using focused ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier opening

Focused ultrasound in conjunction with lipid microbubbles has fully demonstrated its ability to induce non-invasive, transient, and reversible blood–brain barrier opening. This study was aimed at testing the feasibility of our lipid-coated microbubbles as a vector for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. These microbubbles were labeled with the fluorophore 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. Focused ultrasound targeted mouse brains in vivo in the presence of these microbubbles for trans-blood–brain barrier delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein. This new approach, compared to previously studies of our group, where fluorescently labeled dextrans and microbubbles were co-administered, represents an appreciable improvement in safety outcome and targeted drug delivery. This novel technique allows the delivery of 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein at the region of interest unlike the alternative of systemic exposure. 5-dodecanoylaminfluorescein delivery was assessed by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and by in vivo transcranial passive cavitation detection. Stable and inertial cavitation doses were quantified. The cavitation dose thresholds for estimating, a priori, successful targeted drug delivery were, for the first time, identified with inertial cavitation were concluded to be necessary for successful delivery. The findings presented herein indicate the feasibility and safety of the proposed microbubble-based targeted drug delivery and that, if successful, can be predicted by cavitation detection in vivo.
Aesthetic-based Clothing Recommendation

Recently, product images have gained increasing attention in clothing recommendation since the visual appearance of clothing products has a significant impact on consumers» decision. Most existing methods rely on conventional features to represent an image, such as the visual features extracted by convolutional neural networks (CNN features) and the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT features), color histograms, and so on. Nevertheless, one important type of features, the aesthetic features, is seldom considered. It plays a vital role in clothing recommendation since a users» decision depends largely on whether the clothing is in line with her aesthetics, however the conventional image features cannot portray this directly. To bridge this gap, we propose to introduce the aesthetic information, which is highly relevant with user preference, into clothing recommender systems. To achieve this, we first present the aesthetic features extracted by a pre-trained neural network, which is a brain-inspired deep structure trained for the aesthetic assessment task. Considering that the aesthetic preference varies significantly from user to user and by time, we then propose a new tensor factorization model to incorporate the aesthetic features in a personalized manner. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets, which demonstrate that our approach can capture the aesthetic preference of users and significantly outperform several state-of-the-art recommendation methods.
Study of Tantalum Substituted Potassium Tungsten Bronzes

A series of compounds K x Ta y W 1-y O 3 with x = 0.30, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.30 and x = 0.55, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.10 were synthesized by conventional solid-state method. The samples were characterized using XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray powder patterns reveal that the samples with compositions x = 0.30, y ≤ 0.30 show hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) type phase and the samples with x = 0.55, 0.02 ≤ y ≤ 0.10 show a mixture of two phases (K-HTB and tetragonal potassium tungsten bronze, K-TTB). The samples of the system, K 0.30 Ta y W 1-y O 3 with 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.15 shows no significant change in the cell parameters. However, for the composition y > 0.15, the cell parameter a decreases and c increases with increasing Ta content, which may be explained by the ordering of Ta for y > 0.15 suggesting the transformation to another space group. The appearance of absorption peak in the infrared absorption spectra of K 0.3 Ta y W 1-y O 3 , y > 0.10 samples indicate the transition to non-metallic phase. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1. 11770 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 38-45, 2012
Using Health Belief Model to Probe Female Adolescent Perception About Breast Cancer in Riyadh City

The perceived of those susceptible to breast cancer (BC) such as female adolescent is significant. Early detection lead to early prevention. The present study aimed to probe the perception of female adolescent at age group of 15-20 years in Riyadh about BC (phenomena) and the relationship between demographic characteristics of students and their perception regarding BC as a way of improving high school student toward health knowledge. A cross-sectional prospective study conducted among governmental and private school students. The study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from February to May 2014. A Representative probability sample of secondary school girls (n=917) in both Governmental and private was recruited for conducting this study. A structured questionnaire was developed which included part about four constructs of Health Belief Model and other parts about sociodemographic data and items related to students’ source of information about BC. The validity and reliability for the scale was established. It was found that the perceived level of participants was moderate (M=3; SD =1.07) which provide an important baseline data about perception of toward BC. It is crucial to improve students level of perception toward BC and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among female adolescent students within community. A further study is needed to explore the perception of female adolescent using both quantitative and qualitative methodology to elicit cultural issue in BC perception and breast self-exam.
Electronic bands structure and gap in mid-infrared detector InAs/GaSb type II nanostructure superlattice

We present here theoretical study of the electronic bands structure E (d1) of InAs (d1=25 A)/GaSb (d2=25 A) type II superlattice at 4.2 K performed in the envelope function formalism. We study the effect of d1 and the offset  , between heavy holes bands edges of InAs and GaSb, on the band gap Eg (), at the center of the first Brillouin zone, and the semiconductor-to-semimetal transition. Eg (, T) decreases from 288.7 meV at 4.2 K to 230 meV at 300K. In the investigated temperature range, the cut-off wavelength 4.3 m ≤ c ≤ 5.4 m situates this sample as mid-wavelength infrared detector (MWIR). Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data realized by C. Cervera et al.
The Effects of Confrontation and Avoidance Coping in Response to Workplace Incivility

Workplace incivility has significant adverse consequences for targets. However, we know remarkably little about how targets of incivility cope and even less about which coping strategies are effective. Drawing on the coping process of the transactional model of stress, we examine confrontation as a form of problem-focused coping and avoidance as a form of emotion-focused coping in response to incivility. We examine the effects of these coping strategies on reoccurrence of incivility, incivility enacted by targets, psychological forgiveness, and emotional exhaustion. Focusing on the target’s perspective of a series of uncivil interactions between a target and perpetrator, we conducted a 3-wave study of employees from various occupations. Employing the critical incident technique, participants reported on an incident of workplace incivility, and then answered a series of questions over 3 waves of data collection regarding their interactions with this perpetrator. Our findings suggest that confrontation and avoidance are ineffective in preventing reoccurrence of incivility. Avoidance can additionally lead to increased emotional exhaustion, target-enacted incivility, and lower psychological forgiveness. However, confrontation coping has promise with regards to eliciting positive outcomes such as psychological forgiveness that are beneficial to interpersonal workplace relationships.
Family-based treatment of eating disorders in adolescents: current insights

Eating disorders are serious illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Family-based treatment (FBT) has emerged as an effective intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, and preliminary evidence suggests that it may be efficacious in the treatment of adolescents with bulimia nervosa. Multifamily therapy for anorexia nervosa provides a more intensive experience for families needing additional support. This review outlines the three phases of treatment, key tenets of family-based treatment, and empirical support for FBT. In addition, FBT in higher levels of care is described, as well as challenges in the implementation of FBT and recent adaptations to FBT, including offering additional support to eating-disorder caregivers. Future research is needed to identify families for whom FBT does not work, determine adaptations to FBT that may increase its efficacy, develop ways to improve treatment adherence among clinicians, and find ways to support caregivers better during treatment.
Impact of Exchange Rate on Macroeconomic Indicators

The exchange rate is a pivotal pricing instrument that simultaneously impacts various components of the economy. Depreciation of nominal exchange rate is export promoting, which might be a desired export led growth policy, and especially critical to closing-down the widening current account imbalance. But negative effects resulting from high dollarization and high share of imported intermediate inputs can outweigh positive effect. The aim of this research is to quantify impact of change in nominal exchange rate and test contractionary depreciation hypothesis on Georgian economy using structural and Bayesian vector autoregression. According to the acquired results, appreciation of nominal exchange rate is expected to decrease inflation, monetary policy rate, interest rate on domestic currency loans and economic growth in the medium run; however, impact on economic growth in the short run is statistically not significant.
Micrometastasis in colorectal cancer: does it affect staging?

Micrometastasis (MM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not considered in tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging currently and also the prognostic significance of these occult tumoural cells is not proven yet. This study was designed to find whether MM to bone marrow (BM) and/or liver cause upstaging of the tumour according to conventional staging system and if it may alter the survival rate.
Temporal Dynamic Controllability Revisited

An important issue for temporal planners is the ability to handle temporal uncertainty. We revisit the question of how to determine whether a given set of temporal requirements are feasible in the light of uncertain durations of some processes. In particular, we consider how best to determine whether a network is Dynamically Controllable, i.e., whether a dynamic strategy exisls for executing the network that is guaranteed to satisfy the requirements. Previous work has shown the existence of a pseudo-polynomial algorithm for testing Dynamic Controllability. Here, we simplify the previous framework, and present a strongly polynomial algorithm with a termination criterion based on the structure of the network.
Effects of vitamins C and D in type 2 diabetes mellitus

: Scurvy and rickets are largely considered historical diseases in developed countries. However, deficiencies in vitamins C and D are re-emerging due to increased consumption of processed foods and reduced fresh foods in the Western diet, as well as to an indoor seden-tary lifestyle away from sun exposure. These dietary and lifestyle factors also predispose one to diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the potential roles of vitamin C (an antioxidant) and vitamin D (a biologically active hormone) in disease is increasing. In this review, we present observational, interventional, and mechanistic studies that examine the potential links between vitamins C and D in reversing defects in glucose homeostasis and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Studies suggest an association between vitamin C deficiency and diabetes. An association between vitamin D and insulin resistance has been well described; however, the role of vitamin C and D supplementation in diabetes and its prevention requires further controlled trials.
Phishing suspiciousness in older and younger adults: The role of executive functioning

Phishing is the spoofing of Internet websites or emails aimed at tricking users into entering sensitive information, with such goals as financial or identity theft. The current study sought to determine whether age is associated with increased susceptibility to phishing and whether tests of executive functioning can predict phishing susceptibility. A total of 193 cognitively intact participants, 91 younger adults and 102 older adults, were primarily recruited through a Psychology department undergraduate subject pool and a gerontology research registry, respectively. The Executive Functions Module from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery and the Iowa Gambling Task were the primary cognitive predictors of reported phishing suspiciousness. Other predictors included age group (older vs. younger), sex, education, race, ethnicity, prior knowledge of phishing, prior susceptibility to phishing, and whether or not browsing behaviors were reportedly different in the laboratory setting versus at home. A logistic regression, which accounted for a 22.7% reduction in error variance compared to the null model and predicted phishing suspiciousness with 73.1% (95% CI [66.0, 80.3]) accuracy, revealed three statistically significant predictors: the main effect of education (b = 0.58, SE = 0.27) and the interactions of age group with prior awareness of phishing (b = 2.31, SE = 1.12) and performance on the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes test (b = 0.16, SE = 0.07). Whether or not older adults reported being suspicious of the phishing attacks used in this study was partially explained by educational history and prior phishing knowledge. This suggests that simple educational interventions may be effective in reducing phishing vulnerability. Although one test of executive functioning was found useful for identifying those at risk of phishing susceptibility, four tests were not found to be useful; these results speak to the need for more ecologically valid tools in clinical neuropsychology.