Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Depressive Symptoms During Early Community Reintegration After Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract The early onset of depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poorer psychosocial outcomes; however, the direction of this relationship is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between progress in resuming preinjury lifestyle (transition events), change in perceived functioning and level of depressive symptoms at discharge and 3-months postdischarge. As part of a prospective longitudinal study of brain injury outcomes, 96 consecutively discharged patients with TBI completed measures of transition events (Sentinel Events Questionnaire) and perceived functioning (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Ability and Adjustment indices) at discharge and 3-months follow-up. Level of depressive symptoms was assessed at discharge and 3-months follow-up using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. After controlling for age and discharge depressive symptoms, change in perceived functioning was found to mediate the relationship between total transition events and depressive symptoms at 3-months postdischarge (β reduced from .21 to .14), with a significant indirect effect observed. The present findings indicate that lack of progress in resuming preinjury lifestyle contributes to postdischarge depressive symptoms through an influence on perceived functioning, thus providing an improved conceptualization of reactive depression in the context of brain injury. (JINS, 2011, 17, 000–000)
Adaptive Sliding-Mode With Hysteresis Control Strategy for Simple Multimode Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a simple multimode hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs). Compared to the improved semiactive HESS, only two switches are added in the main circuit topology of the multimode HESS, thereby achieving the operating modes can be actively switched. The mode switch strategy is designed according to the driving modes of the EV and the status of the power sources. To improve the overall system efficiency of the multimode HESS, the boost converter will operate at the peak efficiency to convey the energy from the battery to the supercapacitor (SC). An adaptive sliding-mode control (ASMC) with hysteresis control (HC) strategy is also developed by combining practical application of the multimode HESS. Simulations and experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multimode HESS and its ASMC strategy. Simulated results show that the multimode HESS can select suitable operating modes in corresponding conditions. Compared to the total sliding-mode control strategy, experimental results demonstrate that the ASMC with HC strategy can improve the operating stability of the multimode HESS under different operating modes. The multimode HESS can not only switch to suitable operating modes, but also avoid the excessive output power of the battery to meet different power demands of the load. In addition, the SC absorbs all the braking energy such that the battery safety can be effectively ensured.
Parvovirus B19 and parvovirus V9 are not associated with Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children

Background. Based on single case reports, parvovirus B19 (B19) has repeatedly been proposed as an etiologic agent in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), perhaps causing vasculitis by direct invasion of vascular endothelial cells because of the tissue distribution of the cellular B19 receptor. A cohort of children with HSP and other vasculitic diseases was investigated and compared with healthy control children to assess the role of B19 as well as parvovirus V9 (a putative emerging B19-like virus). Patients and methods. Serum samples from 36 children with HSP (n = 29) or other vasculitic diseases (n = 7) were examined, and 38 healthy bone marrow donors were used as controls. The presence of specific B19 and V9 IgM and IgG antibodies was determined with a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and viral DNA was detected by a novel nested PCR. Results. Specific IgM was not present in any of the patient or control serum samples. B19 DNA was detected in one patient, a previously healthy 8-year-old boy diagnosed with HSP, whereas none of the controls was B19-positive. V9 was not detected in any of the clinical or control samples. It seems likely that B19 infection might have triggered the development of HSP in the B19-positive patient, because B19 viremia is otherwise uncommon. Conclusions. Although causality is difficult to construe in single cases, the data indicate that B19 is not a common contributing factor in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and that this pathogen is only rarely associated temporally with HSP or vasculitic diseases in children.
Mercury and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in mink

Total Hg concentrations and values of stable isotopes (δ15N, δ13C) in tissues of mink (Mustela vison) captured in Rhode Island (USA) during winters of 1999 to 2004 were statistically distinct based on location. Mink captured in salt marsh environments (salt marsh group mink [SMGM]) had significantly lower mean Hg concentrations in liver and muscle tissue, and significantly higher δ15N and δ13C values in muscle, than those in corresponding samples of mink from upland freshwater locations (upland group mink [UPGM]). Stomach content samples obtained from the mink carcasses showed that fish, frogs, and crayfish were the dominant food items in UPGM, but in SMGM, fish predominated. Significant correlations were found for total Hg concentrations and stable isotope values between stomach contents and tissues. Comparisons of increases in Hg concentrations and δ15N values from stomach contents to muscle tissue showed nonsignificant differences between UPGM and SMGM for Hg concentrations (SMGM, factor of 4.2; UPGM, factor of 3.9) and δ15N values (SMGM, difference of 3.9‰; UPGM, difference of 3.1‰). These results suggest that the length of the trophic step and the extent of accumulation of Hg were approximately equal in both mink groups despite the differences in dietary composition and possible differences in accumulation of organic and inorganic Hg. The correspondence of stable isotope values and Hg concentrations between mink tissues and their stomach contents indicates that use of stomach content analysis to identify major prey items, followed by collection and analysis of appropriate field prey, may represent an approach for estimating Hg exposure to mink.
The One-Way Communication Complexity of Subgroup Membership

This paper studies the one-way communication complexity of the subgroup membership problem, a classical problem closely related to basic questions in quantum computing. Here Alice receives, as input, a subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$; Bob receives an element $x \in G$. Alice is permitted to send a single message to Bob, after which he must decide if his input $x$ is an element of $H$. We prove the following upper bounds on the classical communication complexity of this problem in the bounded-error setting: (1) The problem can be solved with $O(\log |G|)$ communication, provided the subgroup $H$ is normal; (2) The problem can be solved with $O(d_{\max} \cdot \log |G|)$ communication, where $d_{\max}$ is the maximum of the dimensions of the irreducible complex representations of $G$; (3) For any prime $p$ not dividing $|G|$, the problem can be solved with $O(d_{\max} \cdot \log p)$ communication, where $d_{\max}$ is the maximum of the dimensions of the irreducible $\F_p$-representations of $G$.
Proteomic comparison of two fractions derived from the transsynaptic scaffold

A fraction derived from presynaptic specializations (presynaptic particle fraction; PPF) can be separated from postsynaptic densities (PSD) by adjusting the pH of Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) extraction of isolated transsynaptic scaffolds. Solubilization of the PPF corresponds to disruption of the presynaptic specialization. We show that the PPF is insoluble to repeated TX‐100 extraction at pH 6.0 but becomes soluble in detergent at pH 8.0. By immunolocalization, we find that the major proteins of the PPF, clathrin and dynamin, are concentrated in the presynaptic compartment. By using multidimensional protein identification technology, we compared the protein compositions of the PPF and the PSD fraction. We identified a total of 341 proteins, 50 of which were uniquely found in the PPF, 231 in the PSD fraction, and 60 in both fractions. Comparison of the two fractions revealed a relatively low proportion of actin and associated proteins and a high proportion of vesicle or intracellular compartment proteins in the PPF. We conclude that the PPF consists of presynaptic proteins not connected to the actin‐based synaptic framework; its insolubility in pH 6 and solubility in pH 8 buffered detergent suggests that clathrin might be an anchorage scaffold for many proteins in the PPF. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Multilocus Sequence Typing for Differentiation of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome-Associated Escherichia coli (HUSEC) Collection Strains

ABSTRACT Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was compared to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to differentiate hemolytic uremic syndrome-associated enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains. Although MLVA—like MLST—was highly discriminatory (index of diversity, 0.988 versus 0.984), a low level of concordance demonstrated the limited ability of MLVA to reflect long-term evolutionary events.
Maturation of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to temporal and spatial factors

Walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, are both ecologically and commercially important in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Maturity is a critical parameter in the stock assessment to set annual total allowable catch. Pollock maturity has not been examined in the EBS since 1976, and possible interannual and geographic variation has not been studied to date. Our goal is to estimate correct maturity schedules for EBS pollock. Maturity data, fish lengths and macroscopic maturity stages were collected aboard pollock trawlers during winter 2002 and 2003 across the EBS from 10,197 pollock. Similar data were collected by NMFS scientists during hydroacoustic surveys from 1989–2002. Histological analysis of ovary tissue confirmed the appropriateness of macroscopic staging. However, some pollock classified macroscopically as “developing” may mature either in the current or following spawning seasons. Therefore, our analysis was performed with two alternative assumptions: fish classified as “developing” were either considered immature or mature. Maturity rates were estimated by logistic regression. Geographic variability exists; fish mature at the smallest lengths north of the Pribilof Islands. Size at maturity varies interannually, as well. Temporal and spatial variation in maturity may be due to biological or environmental factors, such as pollock density, water temperature, or prey availability.
Update on the use of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy.

As the most common medical disorder of pregnancy, hypertension is reported to complicate 1 in 10 pregnancies1,2 and affects an estimated 240 000 women in the United States each year.3 Antihypertensive treatment rationale in this group represents a departure from the nonpregnant adult Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines.4 First, during pregnancy, the priority regarding hypertension is in making the correct diagnosis, with the emphasis on distinguishing preexisting (chronic) from pregnancy induced (gestational hypertension and the syndrome of preeclampsia). Second, much of the obstetric literature distinguishes blood pressure (BP) levels as either mild (140 to 159/90 to 109 mm Hg) or severe (≥160/110 mm Hg), rather than as stages (as in Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; Table 1). Third, in contrast to hypertension guidelines in adults, which emphasize the importance of systolic BP, much of the obstetric literature focuses on diastolic rather than systolic BP, in part because of the lack of clinical trials to support one approach versus another. The focus of treatment is the 9 months of pregnancy, during which untreated mild-to-moderate hypertension is unlikely to lead to unfavorable long-term maternal outcomes. In this setting, antihypertensive agents are mainly used to prevent and treat severe hypertension; to prolong pregnancy for as long as safely possible, thereby maximizing the gestational age of the infant; and to minimize fetal exposure to medications that may have adverse effects. During pregnancy, the challenge is in deciding when to use antihypertensive medications and what level of BP to target. The choice of antihypertensive agents is less complex, because only a small proportion of currently available drugs have been adequately evaluated in pregnant women, and many others …
Rethinking the Privacy Calculus: On the Role of Dispositional Factors and Affect

Existing research on information privacy has mostly relied on the privacy calculus model which views privacy-related decision making as a rational process where individuals weigh the anticipated risks of disclosing personal data against the potential benefits. However, scholars have recently challenged two basic propositions of the privacy calculus model. First, some authors have distinguished between general and situational factors in the context of privacy calculus and have argued that perceived risks and perceived benefits are primarily related to a situation-specific privacy assessment. Second, a growing body of literature has argued that rational considerations in privacy assessment are bounded by limited resources or heuristic thinking. In this research, we address both of these issues and develop a conceptual model that suggests (1) that dispositional factors such as privacy concerns and institutional trust may affect situation-specific privacy calculus and (2) that privacy assessment may also be determined by momentary affective dates.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumonia in Pneumonia-Prone Age Groups in Semarang, Java Island, Indonesia

Introduction Streptococcus pneumoniae is a worldwide occurring pathogen Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae precedes pneumonia and other pneumococcal diseases in the community. Little is known about S. pneumoniae carriage in Indonesia, complicating strategies to control pneumococcal diseases. We investigated nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in Semarang, Indonesia. Methods A population-based survey was performed in Semarang, Indonesia. Nasopharyngeal swabs and questionnaires were taken from 496 healthy young (6–60 month-old) children and 45–70 year-old adults. Results Forty-three percent of children aged 6–60 months and 11% of adults aged 45–75 years carried S. pneumoniae. Determinants of carriage were being a child (OR 7.7; 95% CI = 4.5–13.0), passive smoking (OR 2.1; 95% CI = 1.3–3.4), and contact with toddler(s) at home (OR 3.0; 95% CI = 1.9–4.7). The most frequent serotypes found were 6A/B and 15B/C. The current commercially available vaccines cover <50% serotypes found in children. Twenty-four percent of S. pneumoniae strains were penicillin non-susceptible, and 45% were resistant to cotrimoxazol. Conclusions The limited coverage of commercially available vaccines against the serotypes found in this population, and the high proportion of non-susceptibility to penicillin and cotrimoxazol suggest the need for region-specific information and strategies to control S. pneumoniae.
Identification of Human S100A9 as a Novel Target for Treatment of Autoimmune Disease via Binding to Quinoline-3-Carboxamides

Despite more than 25 years of research, the molecular targets of quinoline-3-carboxamides have been elusive although these compounds are currently in Phase II and III development for treatment of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in humans. Using photoaffinity cross-linking of a radioactively labelled quinoline-3-carboxamide compound, we could determine a direct association between human S100A9 and quinoline-3-carboxamides. This interaction was strictly dependent on both Zn++ and Ca++. We also show that S100A9 in the presence of Zn++ and Ca++ is an efficient ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and also an endogenous Toll ligand in that it shows a highly specific interaction with TLR4/MD2. Both these interactions are inhibited by quinoline-3-carboxamides. A clear structure-activity relationship (SAR) emerged with regard to the binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A9, as well as these compounds potency to inhibit interactions with RAGE or TLR4/MD2. The same SAR was observed when the compound's ability to inhibit acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice in vivo was analysed. Quinoline-3-carboxamides would also inhibit TNFα release in a S100A9-dependent model in vivo, as would antibodies raised against the quinoline-3-carboxamide–binding domain of S100A9. Thus, S100A9 appears to be a focal molecule in the control of autoimmune disease via its interactions with proinflammatory mediators. The specific binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A9 explains the immunomodulatory activity of this class of compounds and defines S100A9 as a novel target for treatment of human autoimmune diseases.
Implication of Mossbauer Spectra on the Mixing Model of Eucrites and Diogenites (Resulting in Howardites)

In the present communication, we show that Mossbauer spectra of cumulate eucrites are characteristically different from those of non-cumulate eucrites. In cumulate eucrites, iron occupies only one site, i.e. the M2 site in pyroxene crystal lattice, while it is distributed in both M1 and M2 sites in non-cumulate eucrites. We discuss the importance of asymmetric doublet observed in the Mossbauer spectrum of cumulate body, especially in Vissannapeta cumulate eucrite (fallen in Andhra Pradesh, India), where an appreciable asymmetry was observed. The Mossbauer parameters of diogenite almost exactly replicate those of cumulate eucrites, suggesting that they originate from the same magma ocean. Howardites which are mixed eucrites and diogenites, show iron mineralogy which is different from what one would expect from a physical mixture model. The possible reasons for this difference are also discussed.
Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent for which pharmacodynamic relationships between the maximum serum antibiotic concentration (Cmax)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio and/or the area under the serum concentration-time curve during a 24-h dosing period (AUC(0-24))/MIC ratio and clinical and/or microbiological outcomes have been developed. In this study we examined the relationship between the in vitro bacterial susceptibility to levofloxacin, the achieved levofloxacin serum and sputum concentrations, and the in vivo bacterial eradication in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Thirty patients received levofloxacin, 500 mg/d po for 7 days. Samples of venous blood and sputum for the determination of levofloxacin concentrations were collected on day 1 immediately prior to dosing, and then at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS The mean peak concentration in serum (6.5 mg/L) was found 1 h after administration, and at 4 h after administration in sputum (5.1 mg/L). Levofloxacin was always detectable 24 h after administration from both samples. Successful treatment occurred in 90% (27 of 30 patients) when assessed both clinically and bacteriologically. Treatment was successful in eight patients when the AUC(0-24)/MIC ratio was > 40 for serum, and in nine patients when it was > 30 for sputum. Treatment was also successful in seven patients when the Cmax/MIC ratio was > 5.01 for serum, and in nine patients when the Cmax/MIC ratio was > 4.01 for sputum. Treatment was successful in 90% (27 of 30 patients) when the AUC(0-24)/MIC ratio was > 125 for serum and > 100 for sputum, and when Cmax/MIC was > 10.01 for serum and > 8.01 for sputum following the first dose. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacodynamics values that we have obtained in sputum with levofloxacin may be used as predictors of therapy outcomes.
A versatile and accurate approximation for LRU cache performance

In a 2002 paper, Che and co-authors proposed a simple approach for estimating the hit rates of a cache operating the least recently used (LRU) replacement policy. The approximation proves remarkably accurate and is applicable to quite general distributions of object popularity. This paper provides a mathematical explanation for the success of the approximation, notably in configurations where the intuitive arguments of Che et al. clearly do not apply. The approximation is particularly useful in evaluating the performance of current proposals for an information centric network where other approaches fail due to the very large populations of cacheable objects to be taken into account and to their complex popularity law, resulting from the mix of different content types and the filtering effect induced by the lower layers in a cache hierarchy.
Intestinal anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies in potential coeliac disease

Anti‐tissue transglutaminase 2 (anti‐TG2) antibodies are present in the serum of the great majority of untreated coeliac disease (CD) patients. They are produced and deposited in the small intestinal mucosa. Potential CD patients present serum anti‐TG2 antibodies higher than cut‐off, but a normal duodenal mucosa where mucosal deposits of anti‐TG2 are not always detectable. The aim of our work was to investigate the presence of anti‐TG2 intestinal antibodies in patients with potential CD, and identify the most sensitive test to detect them. Twelve active CD patients, 28 potential CD patients and 39 non‐CD controls were enrolled. Biopsy fragments from all patients were analysed by double immunofluorescence to detect mucosal deposits of anti‐TG2 antibodies. Fragments from the same subjects were also cultured for 24 h with medium in the presence or absence of gliadin peptides. Anti‐TG2 autoantibodies secreted into supernatants were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All active CD, 68% of potential CD patients and 20% of non‐CD controls showed mucosal deposits of immunoglobulin (Ig)A anti‐TG2; at the same time 100, 96 and 8% of active CD, potential CD and non‐CD control patients secreted these antibodies in culture supernatants, respectively. Our data showed that, to detect intestinal anti‐TG2 antibodies, the measurement of antibodies secreted into culture supernatants has higher sensitivity and specificity (97·5 and 92·3%, respectively) than the detection of mucosal deposits (77·5 and 80·0%, respectively). The measurement of intestinal anti‐TG2 antibodies may prove useful in clinical practice to predict evolution towards mucosal atrophy in potential coeliac patients and identify patients with gluten sensitivity.