Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Persistence for Developmental Math Students in a Community and Technical College System

At two-year public community colleges, the 2011 three-year persistence rate was 23.9%. From 1988 to 2006, between 40% and 60% of all first-time community college students were referred to and enrolled in at least one developmental education course. More students begin college underprepared in mathematics than any other subject area, and only about half of all students enrolled in developmental mathematics successfully completed such a course. In 2009, only 26% of Kentucky high school graduates reached the benchmark in mathematics; nonetheless, 74% “indicated an interest in obtaining a bachelor’s degree or higher” (ACT, Inc., 2009, p. 5). For students in Kentucky and many other states to earn a degree, persisting beyond developmental mathematics is a necessity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic, academic, and work and family factors and persistence to the next semester for six cohorts of students enrolled in Basic Algebra at Kentucky’s public two-year community and technical college system. Logistic regression analyses found academic and dynamic factors (i.e., work and family factors) were statistically significant predictors of persistence. Students who enrolled in a MT065 course delivered in person with an online component were more likely to persist, and statistically significant predictor factors varied based on fall-to-spring or spring-to-fall persistence.
Sexual Initiation of Young People in Chile: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the sexual initiation of heterosexual young people in Northern Chile using the sexual script theory. Methods: A qualitative methodology was used with 14- to 19-year-old subjects. We did individual interviews and focus groups. Results: Narratives reveal that young people have scripts for sexual initiation. Although these scripts involve emotions and beliefs shared by both men and women, there are also differences. Findings also reveal that sexual scripts involve different stereotypes about male and female sexual initiation. Finally, Chilean young men engage in hook-up encounters, but women who engage in this type of sexual intercourse are negatively stereotyped as “easy” or “whores. ” Conclusions: Results suggest that sexual initiation is considered salient by our interviewees; they evaluate sexual initiation by giving it a significant value. Moreover, the Chilean young people interviewed organize their ideas and emotions about their sexual initiation in scripts.
Initial experience of endobronchial silicon stents from a tertiary care centre in North India.

BACKGROUND Central airway obstruction (CAO) is defined as obstruction of trachea and principal bronchi. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy with tracheobronchial stenting using silicon stents is a well established procedure in the management of such conditions. However, there is limited experience with this technique in India. METHODS Between January 2010 and April 2010, Dumon stents were placed in four patients with CAO. Three patients had symptomatic tracheal stenosis while one patient had malignant obstruction at the carina. Rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed to relieve the CAO followed by placement of silicon stents. Pre- and post-stent placement symptom assessment was performed with a symptom-based visual analogue scale. RESULTS Four patients underwent silicon stent placement in the tracheobronchial tree. Three patients had benign post-intubation tracheal stenosis and one had malignant tracheal obstruction at carina due to endobronchial growth. Significant improvement was achieved in all patients. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS Rigid bronchoscopy with silicon stent placement is an effective and suitable method of relieving the distressing symptoms due to benign or malignant airway obstruction.
Co-localization of neuroendocrine hormones in the human fetal pancreas.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Co-localization of the four major pancreatic hormones, and also of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), secretin and neurotensin, has been studied in the endocrine pancreas of human fetuses at 16, 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. METHODS Double and triple immunofluorescence stainings have been used. RESULTS All three fetal pancreata contained cells that showed insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), IAPP, secretin and PYY immunoreactivity. Neurotensin cells were found in the youngest fetus and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in the two older fetuses. Co-localization of two hormones occurred in most of the endocrine cell types in the three fetuses examined, but three hormones occurred in only a few cells and especially in the youngest fetus. Somatostatin cells were the only cell type which was largely monohormonal. Our findings showed that there are two different co-localization patterns: insulin was co-localized mainly with IAPP and glucagon, while secretin and PYY occurred together with glucagon and PP. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to describe secretin and neurotensin in the fetal pancreas. Two different co-localization patterns could be distinguished: insulin, IAPP and glucagon, and glucagon, secretin, PP and PYY.
Scientific author names: errors, corrections, and identity profiles

Authorship problems are deep-rooted in the field of science communication. Some of these relate to lack of specific journal instructions. For decades, experts in journal editing and publishing have been exploring the authorship criteria and contributions deserving either co-authorship or acknowledgment. The issue of inconsistencies of listing and abbreviating author names has come to the fore lately. There are reports on the difficulties of figuring out Chinese surnames and given names of South Indians in scholarly articles. However, it seems that problems with correct listing and abbreviating author names are global. This article presents an example of swapping second (father’s) name with surname in a ‘predatory’ journal, where numerous instances of incorrectly identifying and crediting authors passed unnoticed for the journal editors, and no correction has been published. Possible solutions are discussed in relation to identifying author profiles and adjusting editorial policies to the emerging problems. Correcting mistakes with author names post-publication and integrating with the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) platform are among them.
Is it the H or the EMS in HEMS that has an impact on trauma patient mortality? A systematic review of the evidence

Background and aim Prehospital care of trauma patients is a matter of great debate. The optimal transport method remains undecided, with conflicting data comparing helicopter and ground emergency medical transfer. This study systematically reviews the evidence comparing helicopter and ground transfer of trauma patients from the scene of injury. Methods A systematic literature review of all population-based studies evaluating the impact on mortality of helicopter transfer of trauma patients from the scene of injury. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE from January 1980 to December 2008 and selected and reviewed potentially relevant studies. Results A search of the literature revealed 23 eligible studies. 14 of these studies demonstrated a significant improvement in trauma patient mortality when transported by helicopter from the scene. 5 of the 23 studies were of level II evidence with the remainder being of level III evidence. Data were then entered into an evidence table and reference made to transport staffing, intubation rate, time at scene and time/distance of transfer. Conclusions The role and structure of HEMS in a modern trauma service is a debate that is likely to continue. Prehospital care design should be specific to critical incident frequency, geographical arrangements of hospital facilities and travel times within each trauma network. It is also important to consider the benefits and capabilities of the emergency medical team separately from the transport method being considered. An effective helicopter EMS will ultimately depend on effective operating procedures and tasking protocols, clinical governance, and auditing of the helicopter EMS activity.
Next-Generation Mitogenomics: A Comparison of Approaches Applied to Caecilian Amphibian Phylogeny

Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences are being generated with increasing speed due to the advances of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and associated analytical tools. However, detailed comparisons to explore the utility of alternative NGS approaches applied to the same taxa have not been undertaken. We compared a ‘traditional’ Sanger sequencing method with two NGS approaches (shotgun sequencing and non-indexed, multiplex amplicon sequencing) on four different sequencing platforms (Illumina’s HiSeq and MiSeq, Roche’s 454 GS FLX, and Life Technologies’ Ion Torrent) to produce seven (near-) complete mitogenomes from six species that form a small radiation of caecilian amphibians from the Seychelles. The fastest, most accurate method of obtaining mitogenome sequences that we tested was direct sequencing of genomic DNA (shotgun sequencing) using the MiSeq platform. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses using seven different partitioning strategies were unable to resolve compellingly all phylogenetic relationships among the Seychelles caecilian species, indicating the need for additional data in this case.
A simple Bayesian heuristic for social learning and groupthink

In this paper we analyze a simple Bayesian heuristic for learning from others’posteriors and show its applicability to communication in groups and in social networks. The heuristic corresponds to rational Bayesian updating when individuals have conditionally independent information. When agents suffer from corelation neglect they also use the Heuristic. We show that communication in groups can lead to more polarized or less polarized beliefs for the group compared with those of the individuals. Applying the heuristic for social learning in networks, we show how consensus is in itself dynamic, and can shift as a result of repeated communication.
Native defect-induced multifarious magnetism in nonstoichiometric cuprous oxide: First-principles study of bulk and surface properties of Cu2-δO

Native defects in cuprous oxide Cu2O are investigated by using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory. Considering the formation of copper and oxygen vacancies, antisites and interstitials, and a copper split-vacancy complex defect, we analyze the electronic structure and calculate their respective formation energies as a function of the change in Fermi level under both copper-rich and oxygen-rich conditions. We find that, under both growth conditions, the defect with the lowest formation energy is the simple copper vacancy, followed by the copper split-vacancy complex. Both low-energy copper defects produce hole states at the top of the valence band, largely accounting for the p-type conductivity in this material. In spite of the creation of dangling bonds at the nearest-neighbor O atoms, these copper defects are found to be spin neutral. Under oxygen-rich conditions, oxygen interstitials have low formation energies and are found to exhibit a ferromagnetic ordering with a total magnetic moment of 1.38B and 1.36B at the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. Considering the possibility of native defect formation at the surface of this material, we investigate the relative stability of both low- and high-index copper-oxide surfaces by comparing their surface free energies as a function of the change in oxygen chemical potential. Using the technique of ab initio atomistic thermodynamics, we then correlate the dependence of the calculated Gibbs free-surface energy as a function of oxygen pressure and temperature via the oxygen chemical potential. We identify two lowenergy surface structures, namely, Cu2O110:CuO and Cu2O111-CuCUS, with the former marginally more stable for oxygen-rich conditions and the latter more stable for oxygen-lean or copper-rich conditions. Cu2O110:CuO is calculated to be nonmagnetic and Cu2O111-CuCUS is calculated to be a ferromagnetic ordering, with a total magnetic moment of 0.91B per defect. With the results for both bulk and surface native defects, we find that under oxygen-lean conditions, a ferromagnetic behavior could be attributed mainly to copper vacancy formation in the 111 surface of Cu2O while under oxygen-rich conditions, low-energy bulk oxygen interstitial defects induce a ferromagnetic character in the same material. This highlights the complementary role of bulk and surface native magnetic defects under different pressure and temperature conditions, especially at the nanoparticle scale where surface properties dominate.
Media Dependence and Relational Maintenance in Interpersonal Relationships

This study explored the relationships between dependence on video games and television and relational maintenance strategy use. One hundred and sixty-three male and female undergraduate students completed self-report measures of media dependence and relational maintenance. Results indicate that higher levels of media dependence predicted lower use of all the maintenance strategies, with video game dependence being a stronger predictor than television dependence. The results are discussed in terms of the roles that exposure to antisocial content and media involvement play in explaining the relationship between media dependence and relational maintenance.
Investigating the Dimensions of Spelling Ability

In this study, the latent structure of a spelling achievement test for elementary school grades was investigated. Factor analyses revealed that for Grades 2 to 6, the test was unidimensional, whereas for Grade 1, two factors were found: a phonological factor and an orthographic factor. Because of the anchor-test design, vertical equatingwas required to fit a two-parameter, unidimensional item response theory model. Concurrent calibration of the parameters, implemented in BILOG–Multiple Groups (MG), was used as the linking procedure. An evaluation of the model showed that invariant parameter estimates and ability scores were obtained. The transition from an alphabetic to an orthographic strategy occurs in the first grade. Learning to spell throughout elementary education mainly consists of learning to apply orthographic knowledge.
Competition between collective and individual dynamics

Linking microscopic and macroscopic behavior is at the heart of many natural and social sciences. This apparent similarity conceals essential differences across disciplines: Although physical particles are assumed to optimize the global energy, economic agents maximize their own utility. Here, we solve exactly a Schelling-like segregation model, which interpolates continuously between cooperative and individual dynamics. We show that increasing the degree of cooperativity induces a qualitative transition from a segregated phase of low utility toward a mixed phase of high utility. By introducing a simple function that links the individual and global levels, we pave the way to a rigorous approach of a wide class of systems, where dynamics are governed by individual strategies.
Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers: A Comparative Analysis of Gender, Urban and Rural Schools

Job satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feelings and emotions with which employees view their works. It refers to a collection of attitudes that workers have about their job. The present study was conducted to investigate the difference between gender (male and female teachers) and types of school (urban and rural) about job satisfaction. Study was descriptive in nature and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were collected from 785 teachers selected from all Public High schools (192) in one district . The findings were drawn after the descriptive and inferential analysis, Means, Standard Deviation and ‘t’ test, was run to test the hypotheses. Generally teachers were less satisfied with advancement, compensation, supervision human-relation, and working conditions. Female teachers were more satisfied than their male counterparts. There was no significant difference between urban and rural teachers’ job satisfaction.
Gypsy Identity and Orientations to Space

Drawing on data from a three-year ethnographic study of Gypsy life in England, this article explores Gypsy orientations toward space. The tensions that exist at the interface between sedentarism and nomadism are considered against a background of changing lifestyles due to shifting socioeconomic factors and recent government legislation. Attention is given to the dilemmas confronting participants subsequent to moving into houses and also to notions of space as expressed by those living on sites. The manner in which spatcial organization frames social relationships is highlighted. Throughout, there is reflection upon the ways in which Gypsy identity is actively constructed in relation to space.
Women, Water Management, and Health

omen play a major role in domestic water management in areas where safe water and drainage are not available in the house. In these settings, women are typically responsible for collecting, storing, and using water and for disposing of wastewater (1,2). Most studies of women’s water management and the health benefits of safe water and sanitation examine the effect of protected water sources, such as covered wells or pumps, and basic sanitation (3). However, water management may also be a health issue in large villages and periurban communities that are supplied with piped water but have inadequate sanitation or drainage facilities. For example, in Egypt’s Nile Delta, tap water is available in most rural communities (although not in every house), and no absolute shortage of water exists. However, safely disposing of wastewater and toilet effluent often remains a problem; this problem is exacerbated by the high water table associated with the irrigation system. We conducted a study on Schistosoma mansoni in two Nile Delta villages (each with a population of ≈8,000) from 1991 to 1998. During this period, villagers risked infection with S. mansoni when they came into contact with water in irrigation canals; women were especially at risk when washing laundry and utensils in the canal. In our 1992 survey, both study villages had access to piped water; 78% of households in al-Garda and 39% in alSalamuniya had household connections. Al-Garda village had a pipeborne sewage system, but only one third of households were connected to it. Although 98% of households in al-Garda and 94% in al-Salamuniya had toilets, many of those households not connected to the sewage system did not safely dispose of effluent. In some cases, effluent in sewage vaults contaminated the subsoil water, and 25% of the toilets in al-Garda and 65% of these in alSalamuniya had to be emptied periodically, usually with a bucket. A few toilets in both villages illegally emptied directly into a canal or drain. Unsafe disposal of latrine effluent was implicated in schistosomiasis transmission. Examining water management in these two villages, we asked what choices women had and why they made decisions that continued to expose them to the risk for schistosomiasis. They found that advice to “Keep away from the canal! ” was not relevant to their situation. A number of factors influenced women’s water management choices, and hence, their use of the canal: effort involved, water quality and cost, and an appreciation of the opportunity for social interaction with relatives and neighbors.
Breast Cancer Cystatin M : A Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene for Updated

The contribution of pericellular proteolysis to tumor progression is well documented. To better understand protease biology and facilitate clinical translation, specific proteolytic systems need to be better defined. In particular, the precise role of endogenous protease inhibitors still needs to be deciphered. We reported previously that cystatin M, a potent endogenous inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases, significantly suppressed in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and Matrigel invasion. Here, we show that scid mice orthotopically implanted with breast cancer cells expressing cystatin M show significantly delayed primary tumor growth and lower metastatic burden in the lungs and liver when compared with mice implanted with mock controls. The incidence of metastasis, however, appeared to be unaltered between the cystatin M group and the control group. Experimental metastasis assays suggest that cystatin M suppressed tumor cell proliferation at the secondary site. By using laser capture microdissection and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we found consistent expression of cystatin M in normal human breast epithelial cells, whereas expression was decreased by 86% in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cells of stage I to IV patients. Complete loss of expression of cystatin M was observed in two of three IDCs from stage IV patients. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that expression of cystatin M in IDCs was partially or completely lost. We propose cystatin M as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene for breast cancer.
Working while studying: the impact of term-time employment on dropout rates

There are many possible reasons why students leave university prior to degree completion, and one of the more commonly cited is being employed while studying. This paper analyses the impact of employment status on dropout rates using survival analysis. It finds that employment status does have an impact on dropout rates; students who work full time alongside studying full time are less likely to complete their programme than students working short part-time or not working at all. However, it seems as if there is a threshold to how much students can work, as working more than 20 h a week (long part-time work) increase the risk of dropout as much as full-time work. Integrating employment status into the analysis does not change the effect of variables known to have an influence on dropout, such as grades, gender and social background, but it contributes to further explain who are at risk of dropout. This implies that models for dropout and retention must also take such external factors into account, not just consider what happens at university, as in model of student departure.