Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Experience of Family Stress During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation of Pediatric Patients in Germ-free Isolation in Taiwan

This qualitative inquiry study used convenience sampling through in-depth interviews to obtain life experiences and feelings of parents while their children underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eleven parents of children younger than 18 years undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a medical center in north Taiwan consented to participate in this study and provide oral and written responses in Mandarin or Taiwanese. Semistructured interviews lasting 60 minutes were conducted privately and audiotaped. Verbatim transcriptions of the interviews were examined by the content analysis method. The trustworthiness of the data was examined by Lincoln and Guba (Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage; 1985) principles. Results indicated that family stress experiences of parents of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants include 4 themes: parental psychological distress, family lifestyle disturbances, parents' coping patterns, and family resources. The results of this study provide evidence of the nature of parents' experiences while their children undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and provide guidelines for family-centered nursing care.
Status, Expectations, and Behavior

Status characteristics and expectation states theory is concerned with the processes whereby status differentials activate performance expectations and with the effect of these expectations on behavior. The relative contributions of status and expectations to behavior have not been clearly established in previous primary-level studies. Moreover, researchers working within alternative perspectives on interaction inequality have argued that expectations are a superfluous epiphenomenon of behavior. A meta-analytic integration was therefore conducted on previous research that has examined the status expectations - behavior pattern of effects. Consistent with the formulations of the theory, the results indicate that status exerts its effects on behavior indirectly, through the effects of status on expectations and the effect of expectations on behavior.
For Love of the Word: English Teaching, Affect and Writing1

Research in the UK, USA and Australia confirms that secondary English practising and pre‐service teachers are typically characterised as great readers. Indeed the subject position of English teacher entails a ‘love’ of reading (Peel, R., Patterson, A. & Gerlach (Eds), 2000). However there is no corollary with writing. Few English teachers are simultaneously ‘writers’ in any sustained, pleasurable or publicly successful ways. This paper examines data gathered from pre‐service secondary English teachers and from experienced teachers who are also writers about their own writing practices and experiences and looks at the relationship between these issues of affect and pedagogy. Embodied and positive affects—characterised as ‘love’, ‘passion’ and ‘immersion’ in writing—are prominent features of the stories told by accomplished writers. Love of ‘the word’, including a love of reading, and a productive tension between form and freedom, are further threads in the discursive textures of their stories of coming to writing.
Business Leadership in the Chinese Context: Trends, Findings, and Implications (中国情境下的�?业领导力：趋势�?研究�?�现与�?�义)

Business leaders constitute a powerful driving force for the miraculous growth of the Chinese economy in the past few decades. However, scholars have not developed theories accounting for the unique leadership phenomenon in the Chinese context, characterized by high uncertainty, intense market competition, and constant changes in government regulations and policies. This special issue aims at offering insights regarding business leadership in China. In this paper, we first introduce the three streams of Chinese leadership research, varying in the degree of Chinese context being considered in theory development. We then discuss how Chinese leadership has co-evolved with the transformation of firms and the institutional environment in China. The new values of young employees, born after 1980, are driving the need for leaders to adjust their leadership practices once again. After that, we present a summary of the four papers in this special issue, and the insights they provide to our understanding of leadership and its effectiveness in the Chinese context. Finally, we suggest future research directions for Chinese leadership research.
Evaluating the Impact of Post‐Qualifying Social Work Education

Post‐qualifying awards in social work are well established within the continuing professional development agenda for qualified social workers in the UK. The evaluation of education and training should be an integral part of this agenda because it is important to ensure that programmes continue to meet standards of delivery, are successful in meeting their aims and objectives and are making an impact on practice. However, there is a limited amount of published work on the evaluation of post‐qualifying social work education, with studies often focusing on programme delivery rather than on their impact on practice. This paper explores evaluative work within the current post‐qualifying social work framework and discusses the results of an evaluation of the Vulnerable Adults and Community Care Practice programme, a specialist post‐qualifying social work education programme run by a UK university, as an example of an evaluation of the impact on practice. The results indicate positive evidence of impact on practice and demonstrate examples of how the programme has had a direct effect on individuals, teams, organisations and on people who use services.
Science Studies and Activism

Might a rapprochement be desirable and possible between the more academic and the more activist wings of STS? What can each learn from the other? A promising trajectory for this purpose may be to reinterpret and extend research in the constructivist tradition, building on recent work that appears to constitute the beginnings of a reconstructivist scholarly tradition. Some of the necessary work would be explicitly prescriptive: given that technology and society are mutually and reciprocally constructing, how should technologies be constructed, which social groups deserve inclusion in which processes, and how should closure be reached? But other issues might be taken up by scholars motivated exclusively by curiosity, or by the intention of building a subfield: what factors slow or prevent the emergence of entire subfields of technoscientific endeavour, as arguably has occurred with `green chemistry', `alternative health', and alternatives to weaponry-oriented national defence? Our intention is not to prescribe, but to help catalyse a next round of friendly discussion in STS about these and related matters, encouraging greater reflexivity of the field as a whole.
Anxiety and its disorders : the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic

The Experience of Anxiety: Shadow of Intelligence or Specter of Death? Emotions and Anxiety. The Phenomenon of Panic. Provoking Panic in the Laboratory. Biological Aspects of Anxiety and Panic. The Origins of Panic: True Alarms, False Alarms, and Learned Alarms. The Process and Origins of Anxiety. The Process of Fear and Anxiety Reduction: Affective Therapy. Classification. Diagnosis and Assessment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. Treatments of Panic and Agoraphobia. Simple Phobia. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Social Phobia. Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Size Matters: Experiences of Atypical Genital and Sexual Development in Males

The psychological, emotional and social consequences of disrupted reproductive and sexual development in men are poorly understood. Interview data from eight men who had experienced gender atypical sexual development were analysed using the framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The concept of ‘discreditment’ appeared to dominate these men’s experience of themselves and others. Emotional distress was most keenly felt when doubt was cast upon the men’s identity as sexually mature males. The extent to which absent sexual development was conspicuous or visible appeared to be an important factor in negative experiences.
Training Teachers to Give Effective Commands: Effects on Student Compliance and Academic Behaviors

Abstract This study examined the effects of effective command training with teachers on students' compliance rates and academic engagement. Three target students were selected who were exhibiting compliance rates substantially below peers. The students' teachers were taught how to provide effective commands. Results indicated that students' rates of compliance increased with increased use of effective commands. When verbal praise was added contingent on compliance, students' rates of compliance increased even more. In addition, academic engagement was shown to increase as student compliance increased and disruptive competing behaviors decreased. Implications for consultation and intervention in the classroom to increase student compliance and academic behaviors are discussed.
The pros and cons of drinking: A qualitative analysis of young adult drinking discussions within motivational interviewing

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine young adult motivations about drinking through qualitative analysis of client–therapist dialogue in motivational interviewing (MI) sessions. Participants were a random selection of 26 young adult alcohol users involved in a large hospital-based clinical trial (N = 423). All sessions in the clinical trial were audio-recorded and transcribed. For the present study, discussions of the “Pros and Cons of Drinking” were extracted, coded and thematically organized using grounded theory methods. These young adult discussions centered on motives for drinking behavior (i.e. positive motives, or reasons to drink) and motives against drinking (i.e. negative motives, or reasons not to drink). The most salient themes were interpersonal, followed by physiological and intrapersonal in nature. Physiological themes were most often negative motives, or reasons not to drink, such as getting sick and experiencing hangovers. Intrapersonal themes were primarily positive motives, or reasons to drink, that often highlighted the role of alcohol in mood management. The most common drinking motives, positive or negative, were interpersonal, illuminating the important role of social group membership in young adult alcohol use. Further, interpersonal influences on alcohol use appeared to depend on rejection sensitivity, suggesting that young people could especially benefit from an emphasis on social skills training and abstinence-supportive relationships when trying to reduce alcohol use.
Synthetic Cognitive Apprenticeship Model – Possible Way to Enhance Students’ Metacognitive Skills

The article presents the kaleidoscopic view on the concept of metacognition. There are a lot of implications showing the link between metacognitive skills, learning and teaching. Metacognitive skills such as self-direction, self-evaluation, and self-control, as well as orientation, planning, monitoring, testing, diagnosing, repairing, evaluation and reflection play an important role in facilitating the process of transition from teacher-centered environment to autonomous foreign language studies. Synthetic Cognitive Apprenticeship m odel is suggested as possible way to help students enhance their metacognitive skills thus becoming more prepared for autonomous foreign language studies.
MDL-based Models for Alignment of Etymological Data

We introduce several models for alignment of etymological data, that is, for finding the best alignment, given a set of etymological data, at the sound or symbol level. This is intended to obtain a means of measuring the quality of the etymological data sets, in terms of their internal consistency. One of our main goals is to devise automatic methods for aligning the data that are as objective as possible, the models make no a priori assumptions—e.g., no preference for vowel-vowel or consonant-consonant alignments. We present a baseline model and several successive improvements, using data from the Uralic language family.
The effect of context switches on cache performance

The sustained performance of fast processors is critically dependent on cache performance. Cache performance in turn depends on locality of reference. When an operating system switches contexts, the assumption of locality may be violated because the instructions and data of the newly-scheduled process may no longer be in the cache(s). Context-switching thus has a cost above that associated with that of the operations performed by the kernel. We fed address traces of the processes running on a multi-tasking operating system through a cache simulator, to compute accurate cache-hit rates over short intervals. By marking the output of such a simulation whenever a context switch occurs, and then aggregating the post-context-switch results of a large number of context switches, it is possible to estimate the cache performance reduction caused by a switch. Depending on cache parameters the net cost of a context switch appears to be in the thousands of cycles, or tens to hundreds of microseconds. This technical note is a preprint of a paper to appear in the Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission.
Rewards to skill supply, skill demand and skill match-mismatch: Studies using the Adult Literacy and Lifeskills survey

This thesis is a collection of three independent but closely related studies. The focus is on the potential causes of skill mismatch, the extent of skill mismatch, the socio-demographic make-up of skill mismatch, and the consequences of skill mismatch in terms of earnings as well as employer sponsored adult education/training. A distinction is made between skill mismatch and education mismatch. All three studies use data from the Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey (ALLS) to investigate the relationships between select outcomes and skill supply-demand characteristics as well as their interactions which materialize into skill match-mismatch situations. The dataset contains direct measures of literacy skills as well as measures of the use of these skills at work which allow for a direct measure of literacy match-mismatch. The analysis points to the complex ways in which mismatch is generated and the need for an accurate and up to date measure of mismatch, one that reflects the possibilities for skill gain and skill loss over the lifespan, and reflects differences in the quality of qualifications. It also emphasizes that addressing mismatch requires a careful consideration of both the demand and supply sides of the labour market, so as to understand better the variety of factors which may have a negative impact on the effectiveness of skill formation, skill maintenance, and also skill use. Among the key findings: Skill demand characteristics appear to be as important as skill supply characteristics in explaining observed variation in earnings. There is a substantive association between the requirement to read at work and earnings, which is independent of whether individuals have high or low levels of literacy proficiency. Premiums associated with literacy skills are strongest in occupation types where they are most relevant, but premiums associated with the requirement to use those skills are nevertheless found to be strong within all occupational groups. The requirement to read at work seems to have a strong association with the incidence of participation in employer supported adult education/training. This has important implications for understanding better the relationship between how work is organized and the decision to further invest in human capital.
Matters of Interpretation: Reciprocal Transformation in Therapeutic and Developmental Relationships with Youth

AN INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK. Introduction: The Forward Arc of Projection. A Hermeneutic Methodology for Theory, Research, and Practice. Where We Come From, What We Bring: The Historical and Relational Underpinnings of the Hermeneutic Framework. THE TRANSFORMATIONAL ROLE OF INTERPRETATION. Self--Reflection and Mutual Transformation. Becoming Uncomfortable: Transforming My Praxis (Sharon M. Ravitch). The Flight of a Black Butterfly: A Hermeneutic Investigation of Metamorphosis (Gregory Seaton). Another Backward Arc: Further Reflections on "Expert" and "Problem" (Karen E. Liiv). Fear and Courage: Interpretations from Beyond a Life Half--Lived (Kristin M. Carvill). INTERPRETATIONS OF THE MISSING. Critical Absences and Hidden Influences in Interpretation. Meaning, Purpose, and Hope: The Case of the Disappearance (Shuna Keenan). Treading Softly: A Critical Phenomenological Investigation of the Voiceless in the Hermeneutic Circle (Deborah H. Cheng). The Concealed Influence and Power of Nondirective Counselors (Hugh McDonough). The Dance of Interpretation: The Dialectic of Loss and Connectedness (Anna Mackey). THE SOCIALIZING INFLUENCE OF LANGUAGE. "The Rules of the Game" Applied to Play, Power, and Politics. Language and Politics: Translating the Rules of the Game--Ayer, AHORA y Manana (John Ramirez Jr. & Marco Antonio Bravo). Entering Play: Lessons of Grief, Joy, and Growth (Tara Edelschick). What's Love Got to Do with It? Combining the Influences of Race and Love to Create an Effective Black Counselor (Randy B. Hayward). Theatrical Dialogue: A Hermeneutic Analysis of Change in One Act (Robert W. Leary). 19. Coming Full Circle: The Return Art of Reflection.
The anti‐inflammatory modulatory role of Solidago chilensis Meyen in the murine model of the air pouch

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of an aqueous extract (AE), and its butanolic (BuOH) and aqueous residual (AR) fractions, derived from the rhizome of Solidago chilensis in inflammation caused by carrageenan in mice. Solidago chilensis Meyen rhizome was extracted using hot water at 90°C under infusion. The extract was filtered and lyophilized. Part of the aqueous extract was fractionated with n‐BuOH, resulting in butanolic (BuOH) and aqueous residual (AR) fractions. Adult Swiss mice were used in the in‐vivo experiments. We evaluated the effect of rhizome aqueous extract of Solidago chilensis and these two derived fractions on the inflammation induced by carrageenan in the mouse model of the air pouch. The aqueous extract and its derived fractions significantly inhibited leucocytes, neutrophils, exudation, myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity, as well as nitric oxide, interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), neutrophil chemokine (KC) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels (P < 0.05). Indometacin and dexamethasone inhibited all the studied inflammatory parameters (P < 0.01) with the exceptions that indometacin did not inhibit TNF‐α levels and dexamethasone did not inhibit KC levels (P > 0.05). These results indicate that Solidago chilensis has a significant anti‐inflammatory action on acute inflammatory responses and that its inhibitory activity may be due not only to the inhibition of pro‐inflammatory mediators, but also to the inhibition of leucocyte infiltration.
Mutations in Escherichia coli ExbB Transmembrane Domains Identify Scaffolding and Signal Transduction Functions and Exclude Participation in a Proton Pathway

ABSTRACT The TonB system couples cytoplasmic membrane proton motive force (pmf) to active transport of diverse nutrients across the outer membrane. Current data suggest that cytoplasmic membrane proteins ExbB and ExbD harness pmf energy. Transmembrane domain (TMD) interactions between TonB and ExbD allow the ExbD C terminus to modulate conformational rearrangements of the periplasmic TonB C terminus in vivo. These conformational changes somehow allow energization of high-affinity TonB-gated transporters by direct interaction with TonB. While ExbB is essential for energy transduction, its role is not well understood. ExbB has N-terminus-out, C-terminus-in topology with three TMDs. TMDs 1 and 2 are punctuated by a cytoplasmic loop, with the C-terminal tail also occupying the cytoplasm. We tested the hypothesis that ExbB TMD residues play roles in proton translocation. Reassessment of TMD boundaries based on hydrophobic character and residue conservation among distantly related ExbB proteins brought earlier widely divergent predictions into congruence. All TMD residues with potentially function-specific side chains (Lys, Cys, Ser, Thr, Tyr, Glu, and Asn) and residues with probable structure-specific side chains (Trp, Gly, and Pro) were substituted with Ala and evaluated in multiple assays. While all three TMDs were essential, they had different roles: TMD1 was a region through which ExbB interacted with the TonB TMD. TMD2 and TMD3, the most conserved among the ExbB/TolQ/MotA/PomA family, played roles in signal transduction between cytoplasm and periplasm and the transition from ExbB homodimers to homotetramers. Consideration of combined data excludes ExbB TMD residues from direct participation in a proton pathway.
Modeling of emergent ecology for simulating adaptive behavior of universal computer programs

To further our understanding of mechanisms that exhibit life-like behavior, attention should be given to the emergent dynamics by which a new action or agent, as the representation of that action, is brought forth. The problem is how to model the intuitive notion of the emergence of an action, without involving arbitrariness in the modeling process. In considering how to implement such a notion onto a computer, it could be interpreted as the generation of a new algorithm, or the generation of a new code establishing a mapping between a symbol and an information. This paper proposes an ecological model, named PROTEAN, consisting of Turing machines as a platform on which to simulate the emergent dynamics of computational procedures. Although the system is not provided with any particular mechanism for self-reproduction, the constituents of the ecosystem adapt themselves to improve their utilization of the environment for survival. This paper demonstrates and discusses how adaptive behaviors of algorithms may be achieved with PROTEAN through computer simulations.
Impact of “noncaloric” activity-related factors on the predisposition to obesity in children

The research related to childhood obesity generally emphasizes the impact of unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior as the main determinants of the predisposition to the positive energy balance that underlies excess body fat accumulation. Recent investigations have, however, demonstrated that “noncaloric” activity-related factors can induce a significant imbalance between spontaneous energy intake and energy expenditure. This is the case for short sleep duration that favors hormonal changes that increase hunger and energy intake. This agrees with our research experience demonstrating that short sleeping predicts the risk of obesity in children to a greater extent than sedentary behavior. Recent research by our team has also showed that demanding mental work promotes a substantial increase in energy intake without altering energy expenditure. In addition, our preliminary data suggest that the regular practice of school-related cognitive efforts is predictive of an increase in abdominal fat accumulation. As discussed in this paper, individual variations in brain oxygenation and its related cerebral aerobic fitness might play a role in the relationship between mental work, energy intake, and the risk of excess body weight.