Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous near-far resistant DS-CDMA receivers without a priori synchronization

Several receivers for data demodulation in an asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system operating without prior knowledge of the propagation delays are proposed and compared. Special attention is paid to the near-far problem, and the proposed schemes are numerically shown to be near-far resistant. The near-far resistance is obtained by estimating the a priori unknown propagation delay using a subspace-based technique. Quantities obtained in the estimation procedure are used to design a filter used for suppression of interference, according to the minimum mean square error criterion. Either a decision feedback technique or a simple two-state Viterbi algorithm is subsequently used for the data demodulation in the uncoded case. By extending the trellis used in the Viterbi algorithm, error correcting coding is easily implemented.
Advanced stage mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary is both rare and highly lethal

Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas of the ovary are uncommon, and their biological behavior is uncertain. Retrospective studies have suggested that many mucinous carcinomas initially diagnosed as primary to the ovary have in fact metastasized from another site. A prospective randomized trial provided an opportunity to estimate the frequency of mucinous tumors, diagnostic reproducibility, and clinical outcomes.
Social Entrepreneurship between Cross‐Currents: Toward a Framework for Theoretical Restructuring of the Field

Scholars have characterized social entrepreneurship as an “accumulative fragmentalism,” primarily characterized by the use of case studies featuring prominent and innovative profiles of social enterprises and entrepreneurs. However, today, social entrepreneurship is between cross‐currents. On the one hand, it seeks, as a subfield, to solidify its theoretical and methodological underpinnings and standpoints. On the other hand, it is consistently exposed to field expansion, given that a number of its underlying frameworks, commonly shared with other fields (such as sustainability and corporate social responsibility [CSR]), are opening up to wider vistas of conceptualization and theorization. This is often through the influence of practice as well as theory. The contribution of the paper is threefold. First, it enhances our understanding of social entrepreneurship field development by identifying cross‐currents and by highlighting new angles for paradigmatic and theoretical positioning. Second, it implements a framework that scholars previously employed within the original field of entrepreneurship (ourdieu's theory of capitals and their transformations); in doing so, it also proceeds to propose an enrichment to the framework by including additional capitals that are specifically relevant for the field of social entrepreneurship and that are influenced by common agendas, as those exist in the fields of sustainability and CSR. Third, it offers insights for theory, as well as practice, which relate to understandings from the first two contributions.
Exploratory Study of Stress-Buffering Response Patterns from Interaction with a Therapy Dog

ABSTRACT This exploratory study builds on existing research on the physiological stress response to human–animal interactions in a non-clinical sample of adult dog-owners interacting with their own or an unfamiliar therapy dog under similar conditions. Participants were therapy-dog owners (TDO group; n = 5) interacting with their own dogs and dog owners interacting with an unfamiliar therapy dog (AAA group; n = 5). Following a 30minute baseline period, participants completed a stress task followed by a 30-minute dog interaction and then watched a neutral video for 60 minutes. The outcome variable of interest was the bio-behavioral stress response, measured by systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and self-report. Trait anxiety and attitudes toward pets were assessed as moderating variables. Results revealed consistent physiological patterns, showing modest increases with the stressor and decreases from baseline following the intervention, for salivary cortisol, SBP, DBP, HR, and self reported anxiety and stress for both groups. In general, although the TDO group tended to perceive less stress and anxiety during the intervention than the AAA group, greater reductions in physiological measures were observed in the AAA group. Positive attitudes toward pets in the total sample of dog owners were associated with decreased levels of self-reported stress (p < 0.05), salivary cortisol, and SBP, while higher levels of trait anxiety were associated with higher levels of salivary cortisol (p < 0.05). In addition, higher levels of trait anxiety were associated with lower levels of autonomic nervous system indicators of stress (HR; SBP, p < 0.05; DBP, p < 0.05). Results support a buffering effect on the stress response associated with owners interacting with their dogs that may extend to interactions with unfamiliar therapy dogs in AAA, and supports the need for replication studies with larger sample sizes.
Effect of myopia on frequency-doubling perimetry.

PURPOSE To examine the effect of myopia, occasionally associated with glaucomatous eyes, on the results obtained by frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP). METHODS Sixty emmetropic or myopic normal volunteers (mean age, 26.2 +/- 0.35 years, mean +/- SEM; range, 19-34) with good visual acuity and without glaucoma were divided into three groups. The groups were emmetropia to low-myopia (mean refractive error, -1.16 +/- 0.23 D), intermediate-myopia (-4.95 +/- 0.17 D), and high-myopia (-8.12 +/- 0.36 D; n = 20 each). All subjects were tested on the FDP full-threshold C-20 program and the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA; Humphrey, Dublin, CA) full-threshold program on one randomly selected eye. FDP and the HFA test were conducted with the subjects wearing their full distance correction and with their distance correction with appropriate additional correction for near, respectively. The calculated mean sensitivity (MS), mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and test durations for FDP and the HFA test for the three groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. The relationship between the refractive error and MS, MD, or PSD was also analyzed by simple regression analysis. RESULTS The MS and MD for the fields determined by the HFA decreased significantly as the refractive errors increased, but there were no significant differences in the MS, MD, and PSD for FDP between the three groups. There were no significant differences in the test durations between the three groups for both FDP and HFA testing. The refractive error was correlated with both MS and MD only for the fields determined by the HFA. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that lens-corrected myopia does not alter the visual fields obtained by FDP, and FDP can therefore be used regardless of the presence of myopia.
Differential Activation of the tcpPH Promoter by AphB Determines Biotype Specificity of Virulence Gene Expression inVibrio cholerae

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae strains of the classical biotype express the genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) under a variety of environmental conditions in vitro, whereas El Tor biotype strains express these genes only under specialized culture conditions. We show here that a single base-pair difference at positions −65 and −66 of the classical and El TortcpPH promoters, respectively, is responsible for the differential regulation of virulence gene expression in these two disease-causing biotypes. Analysis of tcpP-lacZ fusions in both V. cholerae and Escherichia coli indicated that transcriptional activation of the El Tor tcpPHpromoter by the LysR regulator AphB was significantly reduced relative to that of the classical promoter. Reciprocal exchange of thetcpPH promoter between the two biotypes in V. cholerae showed that the ability to activate the transcription oftcpPH is not dependent on the biotype of the strain per se but on the tcpPH promoter itself. Classical and El TortcpP-lacZ promoter chimeras in E. colilocalized the region responsible for the differential activation oftcpPH by AphB to within 75 bp of the transcriptional start site. Individual base-pair changes within this region showed that the presence of either an A or a G at position −65 or −66 conferred the classical or El Tor, respectively, pattern of tcpPHactivation by AphB. Reciprocal exchange of these base pairs between biotypes in V. cholerae switched the biotype-specific pattern of expression of tcpPH as well as the production of CT and TCP in response to environmental stimuli.
Dynamics of crowing development in the domestic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Species-specific behaviours gradually emerge, via incomplete patterns, to the final complete adult form. A classical example is birdsong, a learned behaviour ideally suited for studying the neural and molecular substrates of vocal learning. Young songbirds gradually transform primitive unstructured vocalizations (subsong, akin to human babbling) into complex, stereotyped sequences of syllables that constitute adult song. In comparison with birdsong, territorial and mating calls of vocal non-learner species are thought to exhibit little change during development. We revisited this issue using the crowing behaviour of domestic Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Crowing activity was continuously recorded in young males maintained in social isolation from the age of three weeks to four months. We observed developmental changes in crow structure, both the temporal and the spectral levels. Speed and trajectories of these developmental changes exhibited an unexpected high inter-individual variability. Mechanisms used by quails to transform sounds during ontogeny resemble those described in oscines during the sensorimotor phase of song learning. Studies on vocal non-learners could shed light on the specificity and evolution of vocal learning.
Língua Estrangeira Moderna na Escola Pública: possibilidades e desafios

The purpose of this article is to discuss the possibilities and challenges of foreign language teaching in Brazilian public schools. In a social, economic, and, political moment in which the government is interested in students’ (urgent) learning of foreign languages in public schools, the dispute between two methodologies increases: on the one hand, a focus on teaching reading; on the other, the teaching of written and oral language competences. Starting the discussion with the socalled communicative approach and the official national documents, this text points to the deconstruction of this dispute between methodologies, indicating possibilities of actual work in the light of the official documents and a resignifying of the communicative approach.
Phosphorylation of Bacillus subtilis transcription factor Spo0A stimulates transcription from the spoIIG promoter by enhancing binding to weak 0A boxes

Activation of the spoIIG promoter at the onset of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis requires the regulatory protein, Spo0A, which binds to two sites in the promoter, sites 1 and 2. Phosphorylation of Spo0A is essential for the initiation of sporulation. Therefore, we examined the role of Spo0A phosphorylation in spoIIG promoter activation. Phosphorylation of Spo0A stimulated transcription from the spoIIG promoter in vitro. In DNAse I footprinting experiments with the spoIIG promoter, we found that phosphorylation of Spo0A increased its affinity for site 2 more than for site 1, which is the site to which nonphosphorylated Spo0A binds most avidly. This result could not be explained by increased cooperativity between Spo0A bound at sites 1 and 2 because the increased affinity for site 2 by phosphorylated Spo0A was also observed with a deletion derivative of the spoIIG promoter containing only site 2. We have located Spo0A-binding sequences in the spoIIG promoter by DMS protection assays and mutational analysis, and found that site 1 contains one higher-affinity binding sequence whereas site 2 contains two weaker-binding sites. Two substitutions in site 2 of the spoIIG promoter that change the sequence to be more like an optimal Spo0A-binding site were found to increase promoter activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of Spo0A was not required in vivo for activation of the spoIIG promoter containing these strong binding sites. The results suggest that the primary role for phosphorylation of Spo0A is to increase its affinity for specific sites rather than to activate an activity of Spo0A that acts on RNA polymerase at promoters.
Salivary glucose and antioxidant defense markers in type II diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate salivary antioxidant defense markers, their correlation with salivary glucose, and glycemic status in type II diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 53 diabetic patients and 40 healthy subjects. Salivary glucose, blood glucose, and uric acid (UA) were determined by specific enzymatic methods. Total antioxidant activity (AOA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Salivary UA (3.12 vs. 1.89 mg/dL), GSH (47 vs. 11.92 jg/mL), and total protein (375.12 vs. 202.23 mg/dL) were significantly higher (P < 0.001; r = 0.455, 0.735, 0.498 respectively) and AOA (653.1 vs. 897.3 µmol/L) was significantly lower in the DM group (P <0.001, r = -0.431) compared to healthy controls. Among the antioxidant enzymes, CAT was significantly lower (1214 vs. 9468.9 kat) in the DM group (P < 0.001, r = -0.886). Spearman correlation analyses within the diabetic group showed a strong positive association between salivary glucose and blood glucose (P <0.001, r = 0.9), salivary glucose and GSH, and salivary glucose and UA. Salivary glucose showed a negative correlation with AOA and CAT (P = 0.008, r = -0.447) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Findings of this study, showing a strong correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose as well as changes in antioxidant components in the DM group, suggest that saliva can be used for the diagnosis and management of DM.
Energy drink consumption and increased risk for alcohol dependence.

BACKGROUND Energy drinks are highly caffeinated beverages that are increasingly consumed by young adults. Prior research has established associations between energy drink use and heavier drinking and alcohol-related problems among college students. This study investigated the extent to which energy drink use might pose additional risk for alcohol dependence over and above that from known risk factors. METHODS Data were collected via personal interview from 1,097 fourth-year college students sampled from 1 large public university as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Alcohol dependence was assessed according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS After adjustment for the sampling design, 51.3%(wt) of students were classified as "low-frequency" energy drink users (1 to 51 days in the past year) and 10.1%(wt) as "high-frequency" users (≥52 days). Typical caffeine consumption varied widely depending on the brand consumed. Compared to the low-frequency group, high-frequency users drank alcohol more frequently (141.6 vs. 103.1 days) and in higher quantities (6.15 vs. 4.64 drinks/typical drinking day). High-frequency users were at significantly greater risk for alcohol dependence relative to both nonusers (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.27 to 4.56, p = 0.007) and low-frequency users (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.10, 3.14, p = 0.020), even after holding constant demographics, typical alcohol consumption, fraternity/sorority involvement, depressive symptoms, parental history of alcohol/drug problems, and childhood conduct problems. Low-frequency energy drink users did not differ from nonusers on their risk for alcohol dependence. CONCLUSIONS Weekly or daily energy drink consumption is strongly associated with alcohol dependence. Further research is warranted to understand the possible mechanisms underlying this association. College students who frequently consume energy drinks represent an important target population for alcohol prevention.
A WAIS longitudinal study of cognitive development during the life span from ages 50 to 70

A sample of 141 subjects born in 1914 was tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) at the ages of 50, 60, and 70. Results showed a relatively moderate decline in test scores between successive examinations. For most subtests the decline was larger between 60 and 70 than between 50 and 60, and also larger for the Performance subtests than for the Verbal subtests (the total fall in Performance IQ was 7.2, and the total fall in Verbal IQ was 3.2). Seventy‐three males showed a larger decline than 68 females in Performance and Full‐Scale IQ, but the fall in test scores was not systematically related to educational background or initial IQ group. Further analysis provided evidence for a terminal drop hypothesis. The study demonstrated strikingly high retest stability of the WAIS IQ (a 20‐year retest coefficient of 0.90 for the Full‐Scale IQ).
Local production of complement proteins in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.

OBJECTIVE Complement has been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on studies showing reduced levels of native complement components and increased levels of complement metabolites in plasma, synovial fluid (SF), and synovial tissue (ST) of RA patients. However, there is limited information on local production and activation of key factors of the complement cascade in RA synovium and their potential modulation by novel anticytokine therapies. This study was undertaken to characterize the expression of complement proteins and receptors in RA SF and ST. METHODS Using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot techniques, we assessed the presence of complement proteins C3, factor B (FB), and C5b-9, as well as the expression of complement receptors C3aR and C5aR in rheumatoid synovium. C3 and FB levels in SF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Functional assessment was performed by examining the effects of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) p55 gene transfer in the SCID mouse model of RA. RESULTS Complement proteins and receptors could be localized in all RA synovial specimens, whereas in osteoarthritis (OA) synovium, only a few, single cells expressed complement proteins and receptors. No differences were noted in the concentration of C3 between RA and OA in SF; however, FB levels were markedly reduced in RA versus OA SF. In RA synovium, in contrast to OA synovium, local expression of complement factor and complement receptor messenger RNA was found throughout the various ST compartments, suggesting that activation of the complement cascade occurs in all parts of the rheumatoid synovium. Moreover, C5aR expression was up-regulated following overexpression of sTNFR p55 by adenovirus-based gene transfer. CONCLUSION In summary, local complement production and activation may play an important role in RA, and specific modulation and inhibition of local complement production could be an attractive therapeutic target for RA.
The Act Itself

1. Analysis 2. Facts about Behaviour 3. Moral Judgement 4. Making/Allowing 5. Moral Significance 6. Positive/Negative 7. Active/Passive 8. Other Attempts 9. Demands 10. Atrocities 11. Intentions Bibliography Indexes
Bilingual Lexical Representation: The Status of Spanish-English Cognates

Two experiments were conducted to determine the functional status of cognates. Two hypotheses were considered. According to the first hypothesis, language is a critical feature governing lexical organization, and cognates may therefore be equated with morphologically unrelated translations. According to a second hypothesis, however, language is not a critical feature governing lexical organization. Instead, the boundaries between perceptual categories are determined by morphological considerations, and cognates may therefore be equated with intra-lingual variations such as inflections and derivations. If the first hypothesis is correct, cognate performance should follow that observed for translations, but if the second hypothesis is correct, cognate performance should follow that observed for inflections and derivations. The experiments used different procedures in order to discount taskspecific explanations. The first experiment involved repetition priming in a lexical decision task, and emphasis was placed on relative priming; that is, on the amount of facilitation which occurs when, for example, OBEDIENCIA primes OBEDIENCE, expressed as a fraction of the amount of facilitation that occurs when the same word is presented on each occasion (i.e., when OBEDIENCE is used to prime OBEDIENCE). The second experiment tested memory for language. Four types of cognates were tested. These were: orthographically identical cognates, regular cognates with cion/tion substitution, regular cognates with dad/ty substitution, and irregularly derived cognates. The results were unequivocal. The priming values observed previously for cognates were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those observed for inflections and derivations, and this classification was confirmed in the second experiment, involving memory for language. The results are consistent with the general proposition that morphology rather than language governs the boundaries between perceptual categories, and a number of specific explanations are reviewed.
Parenting in Direct Provision: Parents' Perspectives Regarding Stresses and Supports

The Irish direct provision system for asylum seekers is acknowledged as providing a very challenging and exclusionary living environment for adults and children. To date, there has been little research focused specifically on the ways in which the direct provision environment impacts on the parenting role. This qualitative study explores the experiences of parenting in direct provision from the perspective of 16 people living in direct provision centres in the West of Ireland. The themes that emerged include challenges related to moral guidance and protection of children, basic care and nurturing, education and social development, financial stress and psychological well-being. Respondents also identified a range of formal, semi-formal and informal supports as critical to their ability to cope. Given that the parenting role is a critical influence on the well-being of children, the findings raise further concerns that the Irish system of direct provision is potentially damaging to the well-being of the children under its care.