Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Legacy Migration to Service-Oriented Computing with Mashups

Although service-oriented computing holds great promises, it is still not clear when and how the existing systems will exploit this new computational model. The problem is particularly severe for the software having several years of use. This work provides a roadmap for the migration of legacy software to service-oriented computing by means of right levels of abstraction. The key idea is having integration even at the presentation layer, not only at backend layers such as application or data. This requires re-inventing the popular MASHUP technology of Web 2.0 at the enterprise level. Domain- specific-kits and choreography engine concepts that were originally introduced by the software factory automation approach have been reshaped as another enabling technology towards migrating to the service harmonization platform. The paper also exemplifies the proposed approach on a simple case problem.
nEmesis: Which Restaurants Should You Avoid Today?

Computational approaches to health monitoring and epidemiology continue to evolve rapidly. We present an end-to-end system, nEmesis, that automatically identifies restaurants posing public health risks. Leveraging a language model of Twitter users' online communication, nEmesis finds individuals who are likely suffering from a foodborne illness. People's visits to restaurants are modeled by matching GPS data embedded in the messages with restaurant addresses. As a result, we can assign each venue a "health score" based on the proportion of customers that fell ill shortly after visiting it. Statistical analysis reveals that our inferred health score correlates (r = 0.30) with the official inspection data from the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). We investigate the joint associations of multiple factors mined from online data with the DOHMH violation scores and find that over 23% of variance can be explained by our factors. We demonstrate that readily accessible online data can be used to detect cases of foodborne illness in a timely manner. This approach offers an inexpensive way to enhance current methods to monitor food safety (e.g., adaptive inspections) and identify potentially problematic venues in near-real time.
Decision‐related activity in the macaque dorsal visual pathway

Brain areas at higher levels of cortical organization are thought to be more involved in decision processes than are earlier, i.e. lower, sensory areas. Hence, neuronal activity correlated with decisions should vary with an area's position in the cortical hierarchy. To test this proposal, we investigated whether a change in neuronal activity during error trials depends in a systematic way on cortical hierarchical position. While macaque monkeys discriminated the direction of moving visual stimuli, the activity of direction‐selective neurons was recorded in four extrastriate visual areas: V3A, the middle temporal area, the middle superior temporal area and the posterior part of the superior temporal polysensory area. Neuronal activity was significantly reduced in all areas when the monkeys made errors in judging the direction of stimuli moving in the preferred direction with low and intermediate luminance contrast. The amount of activity reduction was ≈ 50% in all of the visual areas. Thus, the activity on error trials is reduced in early visual processing, independent of the hierarchy in the dorsal visual pathway. The activity reduction depended on stimulus contrast and the direction of the decision relative to the stimulus motion. It was profound and significant in all areas at low stimulus contrast. However, it was nonsignificant at high stimulus contrast. Our data suggest that activity reduction on error trials is due to lack of attention in association with stimulus expectation.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is Related to the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Colon Cancers

Purpose Down-regulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT progression in cancer cells is associated with the loss of certain epithelial markers and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype, as well as migratory activities. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in colon cancer. This study investigated the relationship between E-cadherin and COX-2 in colon cancer cells and human colon tumors. Materials and Methods Colon cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry were used. Results E-cadherin expression was inversely related to the expressions of COX-2 and Snail in colon cancer cells. Ectopic expression of COX-2 or Snail reduced E-cadherin and induced a scattered, flattened phenotype with few intercellular contacts in colon cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased the expressions of COX-2 and Snail, decreased 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression, and increased the cells' motility. In addition, exposure to prostaglandin E2 increased Snail expression and cell motility, and decreased E-cadherin expression. Membranous E-cadherin expression was lower in adenomas and cancers than in the adjacent, non-neoplastic epithelium. In contrast, the expressions of Snail and COX-2 were higher in cancers than in normal tissues and adenomas. The expressions of COX-2 and Snail increased in areas with abnormal E-cadherin expression. Moreover, COX-2 expression was related to higher tumor stages and was significantly higher in nodal metastatic lesions than primary cancers. Conclusion This study suggests that COX-2 may have a role in tumor metastasis via EMT.
Coalescing axisymmetric turbulent plumes

The coalescence of two co-flowing axisymmetric turbulent plumes and the resulting single plume flow is modelled and compared to experiments. The point of coalescence is defined as the location at which only a single peak appears in the horizontal buoyancy profile, and a prediction is made for its height. The model takes into account the drawing together of the two plumes due to their respective entrainment fields. Experiments showed that the model tends to overestimate the coalescence height, though this discrepancy may be partly explained by the sensitivity of the prediction to the entrainment coefficient. A model is then developed to describe the resulting single plume and predict its virtual origin. This prediction and subsequent predictions of flow rate above the merge height compare very well with experimental results.
Allocentric directional processing in the rodent and human retrosplenial cortex

Head direction (HD) cells in the rodent brain have been investigated for a number of years, providing us with a detailed understanding of how the rodent brain codes for allocentric direction. Allocentric direction refers to the orientation of the external environment, independent of one’s current (egocentric) orientation. The presence of neural activity related to allocentric directional coding in humans has also been noted but only recently directly tested. Given the current status of both fields, it seems beneficial to draw parallels between this rodent and human research. We therefore discuss how findings from the human retrosplenial cortex (RSC), including its “translational function” (converting egocentric to allocentric information) and ability to code for permanent objects, compare to findings from the rodent RSC. We conclude by suggesting critical future experiments that derive from a cross-species approach to understanding the function of the human RSC.
Paradoxical modulation of short‐term facilitation of dopamine release by dopamine autoreceptors

Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that dopaminergic neurons burst fire during certain aspects of reward‐related behavior; however, the correlation between dopamine release and cell firing is unclear. When complex stimulation patterns that mimic intracranial self‐stimulation were employed, dopamine release was shown to exhibit facilitated as well as depressive components ( Montague et al. 2004 ). Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying these variations in dopamine release is necessary to unravel the correlation between unit activity and neurotransmitter release. The dopamine autoreceptor provides negative feedback to dopamine release, inhibiting release on the time scale of a few seconds. Therefore, we investigated this D2 receptor to see whether it is one of the biological mechanisms responsible for the history‐dependent modulation of dopamine release. Striatal dopamine release in anesthetized rats was evoked with stimulus trains that were designed to promote the variability of dopamine release. Consistent with the well established D2‐mediated autoinhibition, the short‐term depressive component of dopamine release was blocked by raclopride, a D2 antagonist, and enhanced by quinpirole, a D2‐receptor agonist. Surprisingly, these same drugs exerted a similar effect on the short‐term facilitated component: a decrease with raclopride and an increase with quinpirole. These data demonstrate that the commanding control exerted by dopamine autoreceptors over short‐term neuroadaptation of dopamine release involves both inhibitory and paradoxically, facilitatory components.
H+ gradient-dependent and carrier-mediated transport of cefixime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, across brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine.

The characteristics of the transport of cefixime, a new p.o. cephalosporin, antibiotic, were studied by using brush-border membrane vesicles from the rat small intestine. The initial rate of uptake of cefixime was not affected by the presence of an inward gradient of either Na+ or other monovalent cations. With an intravesicular pHi of 7.5, optimal cefixime uptake occurred at an extravesicular pHo of 5.0, with about 6-fold acceleration compared with that in the absence of an inward proton gradient (pHi = pHo = 7.5). A protonophore, carbonyl-cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone, abolished the stimulating effect of low pHo. In the presence of a sufficient inward proton gradient (pHi = 7.5, pHo = 5.0), cefixime uptake showed an overshoot phenomenon and apparent saturation kinetics expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation with the maximum rate of 2.67 +/- 0.06 nmol/30 sec/mg of protein and a Michaelis constant of 0.83 +/- 0.04 mM. Cefixime uptake was inhibited competitively by glycyl-L-proline and stimulated by the countertransport effect of this dipeptide. The other peptides also inhibited cefixime uptake significantly. A valinomycin-induced inside-negative K+-diffusion potential had a dramatic reducing effect on the uptake of dianionic cefixime. All the data obtained in this study demonstrate that cefixime transport across the brush-border membrane vesicles is carrier-mediated, independent of Na+ and dependent on a H+ gradient via the peptide transport systems.
MinBD: Minimally-Buffered Deflection Routing for Energy-Efficient Interconnect

A conventional Network-on-Chip (NoC) router uses input buffers to store in-flight packets. These buffers improve performance, but consume significant power. It is possible to bypass these buffers when they are empty, reducing dynamic power, but static buffer power, and dynamic power when buffers are utilized, remain. To improve energy efficiency, buffer less deflection routing removes input buffers, and instead uses deflection (misrouting) to resolve contention. However, at high network load, deflections cause unnecessary network hops, wasting power and reducing performance. In this work, we propose a new NoC router design called the minimally-buffered deflection (MinBD) router. This router combines deflection routing with a small "side buffer," which is much smaller than conventional input buffers. A MinBD router places some network traffic that would have otherwise been deflected in this side buffer, reducing deflections significantly. The router buffers only a fraction of traffic, thus making more efficient use of buffer space than a router that holds every flit in its input buffers. We evaluate MinBD against input-buffered routers of various sizes that implement buffer bypassing, a buffer less router, and a hybrid design, and show that MinBD is more energy efficient than all prior designs, and has performance that approaches the conventional input-buffered router with area and power close to the buffer less router.
Auditory perceptible landmarks in mobile navigation

Normally, mobile pedestrian navigation systems use visually perceptible landmarks to guide their users through the environment. In this article we introduce concepts for the use of auditory perceptible landmarks in route descriptions. Such auditory perceptible landmarks complement their visual counterparts and also stand to be beneficial for certain groups like the visually impaired and the elderly.
Compliant Terrain Adaptation for Biped Humanoids Without Measuring Ground Surface and Contact Forces

This paper reports the applicability of our passivity-based contact force control framework for biped humanoids. We experimentally demonstrate its adaptation to unknown rough terrain. Adaptation to uneven ground is achieved by optimally distributed antigravitational forces applied to preset contact points in a feedforward manner, even without explicitly measuring the external forces or the terrain shape. Adaptation to unknown inclination is also possible by combining an active balancing controller based on the center-of-mass (CoM) measurements with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, we show that a simple impedance controller for supporting the feet or hands allows the robot to adapt to low-friction ground without prior knowledge of the ground friction. This presentation includes supplementary experimental videos that show a full-sized biped humanoid robot balancing on uneven ground or time-varying inclination.
Fiat-Lux: Interactive Urban Lights for Combining Positive Emotion and Efficiency

We fuse science and design thinking to create a novel, IoT interactive urban lights system focused on increasing positive affect among pedestrians. Our contributions are three-fold. First, the design, construction, and evaluation of an efficient interactive lighting system focused on well-being, as opposed to systems focused on utility or landscaping. Second, we used scientific methods to discover basic design parameters for affective outcomes. Third, we optimized user experiences for low energy profiles, positive affect, and interactivity. Tested interactions show positive and some unexpected negative responses. Optimal interactive designs cut energy consumption by 75% while maintaining positive affect. Furthermore, card sorting design exercises revealed an inverse relationship between perceived pleasant feelings and interactivity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research for the design of coherent, attractive, and efficient urban lighting.
Numerical simulation of smoke clearing with nanoparticle aggregates

Smoke reduction processes in an indoor room‐scale chamber are generated by injecting nanoparticle aggregates. A numerical model, with a flow solver implemented with a particle collision model, is used to simulate the smoke‐reduction effect. The collision model, developed particularly for simulating collisions among particles with significantly different sizes, enables real‐time simulations of three‐dimensional, two‐phase flow when flow/particle interactions need to be considered. The accuracy of the collision model is estimated by comparing with the exact solution from the Smoluchowski equation. The simulated smoke reduction results are compared with measured data with good agreement. Optimized particle size distributions are studied using the simulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Game-Theoretic Methods for Strategy Design and Analysis in Complex Games

The goal of my thesis work is to develop game analysis techniques capable of informing strategy design in large, complex games. Broadly defined, games are situations where multiple players make interacting decisions; each players’ choice depends on the choices of the other players. The formal study of games has origins in economics, but in recent years game theory has drawn increasing interest in computer science. Computer science offers a rich set of tools for advancing the art of game analysis, including simulation methods that can be used to explore strategic interactions in games. Game theory has achieved significant success and popularity, but practitioners have had mixed success applying the theory to real strategy design problems (Roth 2002). An acute challenge in game theory applications is the size and complexity of real games, which often require players to choose among very large sets of distinct courses of action. A second (related) challenge is that players and analysts typically face substantial uncertainty about the outcomes due to computational and observational limitations. Large games exacerbate these uncertainties to the extent that they arise from resource limitations. This form of uncertainty is particularly difficult to characterize due to the intricacies of gathering evidence about game outcomes. Consider, for example, the Trading Agent Competition Supply Chain Management game (TAC SCM) (Arunachalam & Sadeh 2005; Kiekintveld et al. 2006). This is a game of significant interest among researchers, and gametheoretic investigation of this game forms part of my thesis. The game is an hour-long simulation of a supply chain scenario played by automated agents. The space of possible agent designs is extremely large and – despite countless hours of investigation – no optimal solution is known or on the horizon. Like many real games of interest, TAC SCM is defined in a compact form, by a set of game rules and game server that implements those rules.1 We can gather evidence about the SCM game by simulating game instances, but even using thousands of hours of simulation time we are
Plant Virus Differentially Alters the Plant's Defense Response to Its Closely Related Vectors

Background The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. In recent years, B. tabaci Q has invaded China, and Q has displaced B in many areas now. In a number of regions of the world, invasion by B and/or Q has been followed by outbreaks of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Our previous study showed TYLCV directly and indirectly modified the feeding behavior of B. tabaci in favor of Q rather than B. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we quantified the salicylic acid (SA) titers and relative gene expression of SA in tomato leaves that were infested with viruliferous or non-viruliferous B and Q. We also measured the impacts of exogenous SA on the performance of B and Q, including the effects on ovary development. SA titer was always higher in leaves that were infested with viruliferous B than with viruliferous Q, whereas the SA titer did not differ between leaves infested with non-viruliferous B and Q. The relative gene expression of SA signaling was increased by feeding of viruliferous B but was not increased by feeding of viruliferous Q. The life history traits of B and Q were adversely affected on SA-treated plants. On SA-treated plants, both B and Q had lower fecundity, shorter longevity, longer developmental time and lower survival rate than on untreated plants. Compared with whiteflies feeding on control plants, those feeding on SA-treated plants had fewer oocytes and slower ovary development. On SA-treated plants, viruliferous B had fewer oocytes than viruliferous Q. Conclusions/Significance These results indicate that TYLCV tends to induce SA-regulated plant defense against B but SA-regulated plant defense against Q was reduced. In other words, Q may have a mutualistic relationship with TYLCV that results in the reduction of the plant's defense response.
Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer: 11. Lymphedema.

OBJECTIVE To provide information and recommendations for women and their physicians when making decisions about the management of lymphedema related to breast cancer. OPTIONS Compression garments, pneumatic compression pumps, massage and physical therapies, other physical therapy modalities, pharmaceutical treatments. OUTCOMES Symptom control, quality of life, cosmetic results. EVIDENCE Systematic review of English-language literature retrieved primarily from MEDLINE (1966 to April 2000) and CANCERLIT (1985 to April 2000). Nonsystematic review of breast cancer literature published to October 2000. RECOMMENDATIONS Pre- and postoperative measurements of both arms are useful in the assessment and diagnosis of lymphedema. Circumferential measurements should be taken at 4 points: the metacarpal-phalangeal joints, the wrists, 10 cm distal to the lateral epicondyles and 15 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyles. Clinicians should elicit symptoms of heaviness, tightness or swelling in the affected arm. A difference of more than 2.0 cm at any of the 4 measurement points may warrant treatment of the lymphedema, provided that tumour involvement of the axilla or brachial plexus, infection and axillary vein thrombosis have been ruled out. Practitioners may want to encourage long-term and consistent use of compression garments by women with lymphedema. One randomized trial has demonstrated a trend in favour of pneumatic compression pumps compared with no treatment. Further randomized trials are required to determine whether pneumatic compression provides additional benefit over compression garments alone. Complex physical therapy, also called complex decongestive physiotherapy, requires further evaluation in randomized trials. In one randomized trial no difference in outcomes was detected between compression garments plus manual lymph drainage versus compression garments alone. Clinical experience supports encouraging patients to consider some practical advice regarding skin care, exercise and body weight. [A patient version of these guidelines appears in Appendix 2. ] VALIDATION An initial draft of this document was developed by a task force sponsored by the BC Cancer Agency. It was updated and revised substantially by a writing committee and then submitted for further review, revision and approval by the Steering Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer. SPONSOR The steering committee was convened by Health Canada. COMPLETION DATE: October 2000.