Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor-β-Dependent Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Differentiation of Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is central during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, in which the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) also has an established role. TGF-β is also known to be the strongest inducer of PAI-1. To investigate the link between PAI-1 and TGF-β in fibrotic processes, we evaluated the effect of SK-216, a PAI-1-specific inhibitor, in TGF-β-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. In human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, treatment with TGF-β induced EMT, whereas co-treatment with SK-216 attenuated the occurrence of EMT. The inhibition of TGF-β-induced EMT by SK-216 was also confirmed in the experiment using murine epithelial LA-4 cells. Blocking EMT by SK-216 inhibited TGF-β-induced endogenous production of PAI-1 and TGF-β in A549 cells as well. These effects of SK-216 were not likely mediated by suppressing either Smad or ERK pathways. Using human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells, we demonstrated that SK-216 inhibited TGF-β-dependent differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. We also observed this inhibition by SK-216 in human primary lung fibroblasts. Following these in vitro results, we tested oral administration of SK-216 into mice injected intratracheally with bleomycin. We found that SK-216 reduced the degree of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the link between TGF-β and PAI-1 regarding fibrotic process were not determined, PAI-1 seems to act as a potent downstream effector on the pro-fibrotic property of TGF-β. In addition, inhibition of PAI-1 activity by a PAI-1 inhibitor exerts an antifibrotic effect even in vivo. These data suggest that targeting PAI-1 as a downstream effector of TGF-β could be a promising therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
Macroscopic complexity from an autonomous network of networks of theta neurons

We examine the emergence of collective dynamical structures and complexity in a network of interacting populations of neuronal oscillators. Each population consists of a heterogeneous collection of globally-coupled theta neurons, which are a canonical representation of Type-1 neurons. For simplicity, the populations are arranged in a fully autonomous driver-response configuration, and we obtain a full description of the asymptotic macroscopic dynamics of this network. We find that the collective macroscopic behavior of the response population can exhibit equilibrium and limit cycle states, multistability, quasiperiodicity, and chaos, and we obtain detailed bifurcation diagrams that clarify the transitions between these macrostates. Furthermore, we show that despite the complexity that emerges, it is possible to understand the complicated dynamical structure of this system by building on the understanding of the collective behavior of a single population of theta neurons. This work is a first step in the construction of a mathematically-tractable network-of-networks representation of neuronal network dynamics.
The discrete memoryless compound multiple access channel with conferencing encoders

A multi-access problem is considered where two encoders wish to communicate their messages to two decoders. The encoders can further cooperate via a conference, as introduced by Willems for multi-access channels. The capacity region of this channel is shown to be the intersection of the capacity regions of two multi-access channels with partially cooperating encoders
Televising "Terrorism": Political Violence in Popular Culture

Last year NBC-TV showed a film in which a group of antinuclear protesters threatened toblow upCharleston, South Carolina, with a nuclear device unless all nuclear weapons were destroyed. Produced on videotape in documentary style, the film was framed as a network news program complete with male and female anchor team. remotes from the scene (for plot convenience, a TV reporter and camera crew were kidnapped by the terrorists). interviews with public officials and people on the street, and fictional commercial breaks. As American TV movies go, Special Bulletin was an unusually strong portrayal of the problems raised by political terrorism, not just in the context of the nuclear age but also in an age of instant and widespread media coverage. The film raised disturbing questions about the role and responsibility of the media. Does acceding to terrorist demands for air time legitimize their activities? Does the presence of the media escalate political violence by providing a forum and a model for other terrorists and wouldbe terrorists? How do reporters and news executives balance the audience’s “right to know” against the security claims of law enforcement officials? These and other questions confronting real media people as well as those responsible for public order and safety and for state security are the focus of Televising Terrorism, a curiously dispassionate book on a very emotional subject. The lack of passion derives from the authors’ academic style and approach, not from lack of a point of view. Focusing primarily on examples from British TV, Schleshinger et al. are clearly partisans of openness in the media and highly critical of attempts to control the flow of information and news. Their analysis shows that the issues raised by TV’s coverage of political violence are complex and contentious; but their partisanship is often at odds with their scholarly objectivity. Chief among the knotty problems addressed in Televising Terrorism is the dilemma faced by the media in Western de-
Association between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes: systematic review protocol

Introduction Despite widespread interest in the topic, no current synthesis of research is available analysing the linkages between organisational or workplace cultures on the one hand, and patient outcomes on the other. This protocol proposes a systematic review to analyse and synthesise the literature to date on this topic. The resulting review will discuss characteristics of included studies in terms of the type of healthcare settings researched, the measurements of organisational and workplace culture, patient outcomes measured and the influence of these cultures on patient outcomes. Methods and analysis A systematic review will be conducted aiming to examine the associations between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. An English language search of abstracts will be executed using the following academic databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. The review will include relevant peer-reviewed articles from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, controlled before and after studies, interrupted time series studies, cross-sectional analyses, qualitative studies and mixed-method studies. Multiple researchers will be involved in assessing the quality of articles for inclusion in the review. This protocol documents a detailed search strategy, including terms and inclusion criteria, which will form the basis of the subsequent systematic review. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
Respect for traditional medicine

a low dose of 40 mg every 48 hours may not inhibit platelets consistently and persistently in all subjects, while on the other hand the available evidence does not exclude a possible inhibitory effect on the endothelium after prolonged low dose treatment. A low dose that spares the endothelium but also fails to inhibit platelets adequately may be quite ineffective. A dose that fails to inhibit platelets but nevertheless suppresses endothelium may be altogether useless. The existence of a homoeopathic dose of aspirin that can discriminate between these two effects has not yet been demonstrated. If such a dose exists its clinical value remains to be investigated.
How Much Did the Liberty Shipbuilders Forget?

This paper produces new estimates of the rate of organizational forgetting in the well-known case study of U.S. wartime ship production. Estimates obtained using data constructed from primary sources at the National Archives yield rates of forgetting that are much smaller than previously reported, and may well be zero. The richness of the data makes it possible to control for variations in the product mix, to explore alternative formulations for the learning curve, and to investigate the relationship between organizational forgetting and labor turnover.
The Formation Rate and Mass and Luminosity Functions of DA White Dwarfs from the Palomar Green Survey

Spectrophotometric observations at high signal-to-noise ratio were obtained of a complete sample of 348 DA white dwarfs from the Palomar Green (PG) Survey. Fits of observed Balmer lines to synthetic spectra calculated from pure-hydrogen model atmospheres were used to obtain robust values of Teff, log g, masses, radii, and cooling ages. The luminosity function of the sample, weighted by 1/Vmax, was obtained and compared with other determinations. Incompleteness of the sample due to selection by photographic mu - mb color and magnitude limits was found to be a serious problem, and an attempt is made to correct for this. The mass distribution of the white dwarfs is derived, after important corrections for the radii of the white dwarfs in this magnitude-limited survey and for the cooling time scales. This distribution has (1) a "peak" component centered near 0.6 M⊙, (2) a low-mass component centered near 0.4 M⊙, and (3) a high-mass component above about 0.8 M⊙. The formation rate of DA white dwarfs from the PG is estimated to be 0.6 × 10-12 pc-3 yr-1. Of these, 75% are from the peak component, 10% from the low-mass component, and 15% from the high-mass component. The low-mass component requires binary evolution for 100% of the objects, with a degenerate companion likely in the majority of cases. Comparison with predictions from a theoretical study of the white dwarf formation rate for single stars indicates that ≥80% of the high-mass component requires a different origin, presumably mergers of lower mass double degenerate stars. The need for a binary channel may not be as great for the massive, very hot white dwarfs found in the EUV all-sky surveys. In an Appendix, we even suggest that an enhanced density of the massive white dwarfs at lower Galactic latitudes might be due to some of them being the progeny of B stars in Gould's Belt. In order to estimate the recent formation rate of all white dwarfs in the local Galactic disk, corrections for incompleteness of the PG, addition of the DB-DO white dwarfs, and allowance for stars hidden by luminous binary companions had to be applied to enhance the rate. An overall formation rate of white dwarfs recently in the local Galactic disk of (1 ± 0.25) × 10-12 pc-3 yr-1 is obtained. Admittedly, the systematic errors in this estimate are difficult to quantify. Two recent studies of samples of nearby Galactic planetary nebulae lead to estimates around twice as high. Difficulties in reconciling these determinations are discussed.
Effects of sleep deprivation on decisional support utilisation

To inform development of decisional support systems for the sleep deprived, this study examined the effect of sleep debt, time pressure and risk on the ability to use a decision aid. A total of 19 participants were tested when well rested and sleep deprived. Participants played computerised forms of Blackjack, which varied a 1- or 4-second response deadline, at two levels of risk, and could be supplied with online advice. Mean bets served as indications of confidence. Although confidence was less when play was fast or higher risk participants did not bet significantly less when sleep deprived, suggesting an impaired calibration of judgement that was supported by evidence of rallying. This failure to adjust confidence was accompanied by slower responses at low risk when sleep deprived. Sleep-deprived participants were less able to use decisional support under time pressure and made more errors without advice and time pressure. Practitioner summary: Decisional support is becoming more pervasive. To inform development of decisional support systems to assist the sleep deprived, an experiment considered the use of decisional support as a function of time pressure and risk. Advisory systems require processing and will be less efficacious under time pressure when sleep deprived.
Sp1 and Its Likes: Biochemical and Functional Predictions for a Growing Family of Zinc Finger Transcription Factors

Abstract: The discovery and functional characterization of Sp1 as a GC‐rich binding zinc finger protein provided a useful paradigm for understanding mechanisms mediating transcriptional activation in eukaryotic cells. This early paradigm suggested that promoters carrying GC‐rich sequences are activated by Sp1 through its interaction with proteins from the basal transcriptional machinery to upregulate gene expression. Since the time of this seminal work, studies from several laboratories have led to the discovery of many Sp1‐like transcription factors containing highly homologous DNA binding motifs that bind to similar sequences. Consequently, this knowledge poses many important questions regarding whether these related proteins have similar or antagonistic biochemical and functional properties to Sp1. The goal of this article is to use available database information and recent experimental evidence to describe the current repertoire of Sp1‐like zinc finger transcription factors in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we discuss structural and functional studies that reveal that these proteins may share a role in morphogenetic pathways. Altogether, this information is aimed at better understanding how this growing family of transcription factors work to regulate gene expression and morphogenesis.
Urinary Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in cirrhotic patients. Serum creatinine is a poor biomarker for detection of renal impairment in cirrhotic patients. This study aimed to evaluate urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18) as early biomarkers of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. 160 patients with cirrhosis admitted to the Liver Units at Zagazig University Hospitals were classified into three groups: (I) nonascitic patients, (II) ascitic patients without renal impairment, and (III) ascitic patients with renal impairment. Patients with renal impairment were further divided into four subgroups: [A] prerenal azotemia, [B] chronic kidney disease (CKD), [C] hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and [D] acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Significant elevation of both urinary NGAL and urinary IL-18 in cirrhotic patients with renal impairment especially in patients with ATN was observed. Urinary NGAL and urinary IL-18 have the ability to differentiate between AKI types in patients with cirrhosis. This could improve risk stratification for patients admitted to the hospital with cirrhosis, perhaps leading to early ICU admission, transplant evaluation, and prompt initiation of HRS therapy and early management of AKI.
Differential ethical attitudes predict the quality of leadership relationships

This study examined the impact of the differences in the way employees and their supervisors see ethical dilemmas. An ethical attitudes scale of vignettes was developed to cover six categories of ethical dilemmas – business, discrimination, environment, marketing, personal finances and sexuality. The responses of 152 male and female employees demonstrated that employees have a “more strict” ethical attitude towards non-organisational rather than organisational ethical dilemmas. To determine the way in which employees see themselves as ethically similar to their supervisors, the respondents’ responses were compared with the respondents’ perceptions of their supervisors’ responses to the same ethical dilemmas. A small but significant contribution to the quality of the leadership relationship can be accounted for by the ethical similarity of an employee and their supervisor. Of the personal characteristics examined, the younger, less educated and more highly social desirable respondents were found to be more ethically strict that their opposites.
The Patient's Impact on the Analyst

Introduction I. Prologue 1. The Project II. Ways of Knowing 2. Forms of Self-Exploration: Different Analysts, Different Modes of Exploration 3. Triggers for Self-Knowledge: How Analysts Recognize an Aspect of Themselves Requiring Further Self-Reflection 4. Pathways to Self-Knowledge: Private Reflections, Shared Communications, and Work with Patients III. Changes in the Analyst 5. Similarity of Affect, Conflict, Defense, or Situation 6. Admiration for Qualities or Chacteristics of Patients 7. Patients' Interpretations of the Analyst 8. Countertransference Response as Stimuli for Self-Reflection 9. The Therapeutic Process for the Analyst 10. Therapeutic Action of Psychoanalysis: Exploration of Its Impact on the Analyst 11. The Darker Side: The Potential Negative Impact of Patients on Their Analysts IV. Epilogue 12. Concluding Thoughts
Probability Models for Buffer Storage Allocation Problems

This paper considers some of the issues tha t arise when messages or jobs inbound to a computer facility are buffered prior to being processed. Models are developed tha t describe (a) the results of blocking a single memory unit for the use of diverse messages, (b) the occupancy behavior of a buffer tha t is tied to a single message source, and (c) the occupancy of a buffer dynamical ly shared among many independent sources.
The Development of Problem Based Learning Model to Construct High Order Thinking Skill Students' on Mathematical Learning in SMA/MA

This research is a development research of learning model that aimed to develop problem based learning model to construct high order thinking skill of students on mathematical learning in SMA/MA. The experiment subject and dissemination were the students in the first grade of SMA/MA in three subprovinces of North Sumatera, those are SMA Swasta Yapim Taruna Stabat subprovince Langkat, SMK Negeri 6 Medan, SMA YPK Medan, and MAN Lubuk Pakam subprovince Deli Serdang. The data collecting instruments in this research are questionnair, observation paper, interview guidance paper, mathematics book for students in the first grade of SMA/MA, mathematics book for teacher guidance and pre- and posttests instrument. This model development was adopted from Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel model. Concretely, learning model was implemented to increase high order thinking skill of SMA/MA students for solving mathematical problem. Moreover, this research aimed to produce mathematics book for students in first grade of SMA/MA and mathematics book for teacher guidance that consist of structured steps for solving mathematical problem based problem solving to construct high order thinking skills. The experiment result shown that there is a significant improvement of mathematical problem solving skills of student. Keywords : Learning Model, High Order Thinking Skills
Accelerating pointer chasing in 3D-stacked memory: Challenges, mechanisms, evaluation

Pointer chasing is a fundamental operation, used by many important data-intensive applications (e.g., databases, key-value stores, graph processing workloads) to traverse linked data structures. This operation is both memory bound and latency sensitive, as it (1) exhibits irregular access patterns that cause frequent cache and TLB misses, and (2) requires the data from every memory access to be sent back to the CPU to determine the next pointer to access. Our goal is to accelerate pointer chasing by performing it inside main memory, thereby avoiding inefficient and high-latency data transfers between main memory and the CPU. To this end, we propose the In-Memory PoInter Chasing Accelerator (IMPICA), which leverages the logic layer within 3D-stacked memory for linked data structure traversal. This paper identifies the key design challenges of designing a pointer chasing accelerator in memory, describes new mechanisms employed within IMPICA to solve these challenges, and evaluates the performance and energy benefits of our accelerator. IMPICA addresses the key challenges of (1) how to achieve high parallelism in the presence of serial accesses in pointer chasing, and (2) how to effectively perform virtual-to-physical address translation on the memory side without requiring expensive accesses to the CPU's memory management unit. We show that the solutions to these challenges, address-access decoupling and a region-based page table, respectively, are simple and low-cost. We believe these solutions are also applicable to many other in-memory accelerators, which are likely to also face the two challenges. Our evaluations on a quad-core system show that IMPICA improves the performance of pointer chasing operations in three commonly-used linked data structures (linked lists, hash tables, and B-trees) by 92%, 29%, and 18%, respectively. This leads to a significant performance improvement in applications that utilize linked data structures - on a real database application, DBx1000, IMPICA improves transaction throughput and response time by 16% and 13%, respectively. IMPICA also significantly reduces overall system energy consumption (by 41%, 23%, and 10% for the three commonly-used data structures, and by 6% for DBx1000).
Gradual Disc Prolapse

Fifty-two cadaveric lumbar motion segments were subjected to fatigue loading in compression and bending to determine if the intervertebral discs could prolapse in a gradual manner. Prior to testing, the nucleus pulposus of each disc was stained with a small quantity of blue dye and radiopaque solution. This enabled the progress of any gradual prolapse to be monitored by direct observation and by discogram. Six discs developed a gradual prolapse during the testing period. The injury starts with the lamellae of the annulus being distorted to form radial fissures and then nuclear pulp is extruded from the disc and leaks into the spinal canal. Discs most commonly affected were from the lower lumbar spine of young cadavers. Tests on ten older discs with pre-existing ruptures showed that such discs are stable and do not leak nuclear pulp.