Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pre-earthquake Life Stress Events and Injury Severity on Post-Traumatic Disorder symptom of Middle School Students

Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), Post-earthquake Injury Severity Self- constructed Questionnaire and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder self-rating scale were applied to 413 Middle school students of earthquake zone. This research explored effects of pre-earthquake life stress events and injury severity on Post-Traumatic Disorder symptom. The results showed that the symptoms of PTSD have significant gender effects, girls higher than boys. Relation among pre-earthquake life events, post-earthquake injury severity and the total response-related PTSD symptoms were significant. Study pressure, the degree of exposure and loss have significant positive impact on re-experience. study pressure, be punished, others and the degree of exposure and have significant positive impact on avoidance; study pressure, the others, and exposed the extent of the loss of numb and avoid have a significant impact; in control of the degree of injury severity, pre-earthquake life events on symptoms of PTSD still have a significant impact.
How pervasive is corporate fraud?

We provide a lower-bound estimate of the undetected share of corporate fraud. To identify the hidden part of the “iceberg,” we exploit Arthur Andersen’s demise, which triggered added scrutiny on Arthur Andersen’s former clients and thereby increased the detection likelihood of preexisting frauds. Our evidence suggests that in normal times only one-third of corporate frauds are detected. We estimate that on average 10% of large publicly traded firms are committing securities fraud every year, with a 95% confidence interval of 7%-14%. Combining fraud pervasiveness with existing estimates of the costs of detected and undetected fraud, we estimate that corporate fraud destroys 1.6% of equity value each year, equal to $830 billion in 2021.
Impact of Neonatal Growth on IQ and Behavior at Early School Age

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine associations of neonatal weight gain (NWG) and head circumference gain (HCG) with IQ scores and behavior at early school age. METHODS: We used data from the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, involving Belarusian infants born full term and weighing ≥2500 g. NWG and HCG were measured as the percentage gain in weight and head circumference over the first 4 weeks relative to birth size. IQ and behavior were measured at 6.5 years of age by using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively, with SDQ collected from parents and teachers. The associations between the exposures (NWG, HCG) and children’s IQ and SDQ were examined by using mixed models to account for clustering of measurements, and adjustment for potentially confounding perinatal and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: Mean NWG was 26% (SD 10%) of birth weight. In fully adjusted models, infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of NWG had 1.5-point (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8 to 2.2) higher IQ scores (n = 13 840). A weak negative (protective) association between NWG and SDQ total difficulties scores was observed for the teacher-reported (β = −0.39, 95% CI −0.71 to −0.08, n = 12 016), but not the parent-reported (β = −0.12, 95% CI −0.39 to 0.15, n = 13 815), SDQ. Similar associations were observed with HCG and IQ and behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Faster gains in weight or head circumference in the 4 weeks after birth may contribute to children’s IQ, but reverse causality (brain function affects neonatal growth) cannot be excluded.
Business Angels' practices in the screening stage: A study of knowledge transfer to the entrepreneur

Are Business Angels likely to influence the entrepreneur before any investment decisions have been taken? If such is the case, what are the reasons for doing so and in what way do they influence the entrepreneur? In this article we examine knowledge transfer from angel to entrepreneur at the pre-investment phase which is seldom treated in depth in literature. Through the use of an original theoretical framework (the activity system model), we describe the activities which are at the heart of the interactions between Business Angels and entrepreneurs. Our methodology is therefore qualitative and founded on an inductive reasoning. The analysis and comparison of four French cases show that, in spite of the absence of a relationship bound by contracts, business angels can modify a venture's content and the entrepreneur can accept these changes due to the former's expertise in terms of explicit and tacit knowledge.
Title: Nonlinear Information Processing in a Model Sensory System Abbreviated title: Nonlinear Information Processing

Acknowledgements: The author wishes to thank Dr. Joseph Bastian for all his help and encouragement with experimental techniques as well as useful discussions and Dr. Leonard Maler for useful discussions. Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms by which sensory neurons encode and decode information remains an important goal in neuroscience. We quantified the performance of optimal linear and nonlinear encoding models in a well characterized sensory system: the electric sense of weakly electric fish. We show that linear encoding models generally perform better under spatially localized stimulation than under spatially diffuse stimulation. Through pharmacological blockade of feedback input and spatial saturation of the receptive field center, we show that there is significantly less synaptic noise under spatially diffuse stimuli as compared to spatially localized stimuli. Modeling results suggest that pyramidal cells nonlinearly encode sensory information through shunting in their dendrites and clarify the influence of synaptic noise on the performance of linear encoding models. Finally, we used information theory to quantify the performance of linear decoders. While the optimal linear decoder for spatially localized stimuli could capture up to 60% of the information in pyramidal cell spike trains, the optimal linear decoder for spatially diffuse stimuli could only capture 40% of the information. These results show that nonlinear decoders are necessary to fully access information in pyramidal cell spike trains and we discuss potential mechanisms by which higher order neurons could decode this information.
The Medicago truncatula CRE1 Cytokinin Receptor Regulates Lateral Root Development and Early Symbiotic Interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti[W]

Legumes develop different types of lateral organs from their primary root, lateral roots and nodules, the latter depending on a symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Phytohormones have been shown to function in the control of these organogeneses. However, related signaling pathways have not been identified in legumes. We cloned and characterized the expression of Medicago truncatula genes encoding members of cytokinin signaling pathways. RNA interference of the cytokinin receptor homolog Cytokinin Response1 (Mt CRE1) led to cytokinin-insensitive roots, which showed an increased number of lateral roots and a strong reduction in nodulation. Both the progression of S. meliloti infection and nodule primordia formation were affected. We also identified two cytokinin signaling response regulator genes, Mt RR1 and Mt RR4, which are induced early during the symbiotic interaction. Induction of these genes by S. meliloti infection is altered in mutants affected in the Nod factor signaling pathway; conversely, cytokinin regulation of the early nodulin Nodule Inception1 (Mt NIN) depends on Mt CRE1. Hence, cytokinin signaling mediated by a single receptor, Mt CRE1, leads to an opposite control of symbiotic nodule and lateral root organogenesis. Mt NIN, Mt RR1, and Mt RR4 define a common pathway activated during early S. meliloti interaction, allowing crosstalk between plant cytokinins and bacterial Nod factors signals.
Measurement of wireless pressure sensors fabricated in high temperature co-fired ceramic MEMS technology

High temperature co-fired ceramics (HTCCs) have wide applications with stable mechanical properties, but they have not yet been used to fabricate sensors. By introducing the wireless telemetric sensor system and ceramic structure embedding a pressure-deformable cavity, the designed sensors made from HTCC materials (zirconia and 96% alumina) are fabricated, and their capacities for the pressure measurement are tested using a wireless interrogation method. Using the fabricated sensor, a study is conducted to measure the atmospheric pressure in a sealed vessel. The experimental sensitivity of the device is 2 Hz/Pa of zirconia and 1.08 Hz/Pa of alumina below 0.5 MPa with a readout distance of 2.5 cm. The described sensor technology can be applied for monitoring of atmospheric pressure to evaluate important component parameters in harsh environments.
Multiname and Multiscale Default Modeling

Joint default modeling for a set of firms is crucial in the context of pricing credit derivatives. We consider here a model for defaults among multiple firms based on Vasicek or Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models for the hazard rates of the underlying companies or “names. ” We analyze the impact of volatility time scales on the default distribution for the set of firms. We also consider the associated impact on a particular credit derivative contract, the so-called collateralized debt obligation (CDO). We demonstrate how correlated fluctuations in the parameters of the firm hazard rates affect the loss distribution and prices associated with the CDOs. The effect of stochastic parameter fluctuations is to change the shape of the loss distribution and cannot be captured by using averaged parameters in the original model. Our analysis assumes a separation of time scales and leads to a singular-regular perturbation problem [J.-P. Fouque, G. Papanicolaou, and R. Sircar, Derivatives in Financial Markets with Stochastic V.
First detection of natural infection of Aedes aegypti with Zika virus in Brazil and throughout South America

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused a major epidemic in Brazil and several other American countries. ZIKV is an arbovirus whose natural vectors during epidemics have been poorly determined. In this study, 1,683 mosquitoes collected in the vicinity of ZIKV suspected cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 2015 to May 2016 were screened for natural infection by using molecular methods. Three pools of Aedes aegypti were found with the ZIKV genome, one of which had only one male. This finding supports the occurrence of vertical and/or venereal transmission of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti in nature. None of the examined Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus was positive. This is the first report of natural infection by ZIKV in mosquitoes in Brazil and other South American countries. So far, Ae. aegypti is the only confirmed vector of ZIKV during the ongoing Pan-American epidemics.
Good-By Old, Hello New in Teaching Economics

Throughout the world, economists have observed student lack of interest in pursuing the study of economics. In response, there has been an increase in academic economists' interest in their teaching, but that does not necessarily imply that they have figured out what is required for good teaching or what should be taught. In this article, I again address what is versus what should be taught, and the way economics is taught versus how it should be taught at the tertiary level. I argue that the dumbing down of economics to the dogmatic preaching of a few simple concepts, principles, and axioms of old misses the excitement of modern day economics. The power of economics can be shown at the tertiary level by instructors updating their lists of concepts, abandoning their reliance on chalk and talk type teaching methods, and changing their examples to reflect current social and political issues.
Screening of Trichoderma Isolates as a Biological Control Agent against Ceratocystis paradoxa Causing Pineapple Disease of Sugarcane

In this study, dual culture, poison agar, and direct methods were used to assess the ability of Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433, and T. harzianum IMI-392434 to control Ceratocystis paradoxa, which causes the pineapple disease of sugarcane. The highest percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) values were observed with T. harzianum IMI-392432 using two dual culture methods, 63.80% in Method I and 80.82% in Method II. The minimum colony overgrowth time was observed with T. harzianum IMI-392432 and the maximum was observed with T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431. Different concentrations of different day-old metabolites of Trichoderma isolates were tested against mycelial growth of C. paradoxa. The highest PIRG (84.685%) exhibited at 80% concentration of 30-day-old metabolites of T. harzianum IMI-392432 using the modified bilayer poison agar method. In the direct assay method the maximum mycelial growth weight (PIGW) was observed at the same concentration and the same day-old metabolites of T. harzianum IMI-392432. This study showed that Trichoderma isolates have a good antagonistic effect on C. paradoxa mycelial growth and T. harzianum IMI-392432 has the most potential to control the pineapple disease pathogen.
Assessment of T Regulatory Cells and Expanded Profiling of Autoantibodies May Offer Novel Biomarkers for the Clinical Management of Systemic Sclerosis and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease

In order to identify disease biomarkers for the clinical and therapeutic management of autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), we have explored the setting of peripheral T regulatory (T reg) cells and assessed an expanded profile of autoantibodies in patients with SSc, including either limited (lcSSc) or diffuse (dcSSc) disease, and in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of UCTD. A large panel of serum antibodies directed towards nuclear, nucleolar, and cytoplasmic antigens, including well-recognized molecules as well as less frequently tested antigens, was assessed in order to determine whether different antibody profiles might be associated with distinct clinical settings. Beside the well-recognized association between lcSSc and anti-centromeric or dcSSC and anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies, we found a significative association between dcSSc and anti-SRP or anti-PL-7/12 antibodies. In addition, two distinct groups emerged on the basis of anti-RNP or anti-PM-Scl 75/100 antibody production among UCTD patients. The levels of T reg cells were significantly lower in patients with SSc as compared to patients with UCTD or to healthy controls; in patients with lcSSc, T reg cells were inversely correlated to disease duration, suggesting that their levels may represent a marker of disease progression.
Quantitative Analysis of Complex Drug-Drug Interactions between Cerivastatin and Metabolism/Transport Inhibitors Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Cerivastatin (CER) was withdrawn from the world market because of lethal rhabdomyolysis. Coadministrations of CER and cyclosporine A (CsA) or gemfibrozil (GEM) have been reported to increase the CER blood concentration. CsA is an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1 and CYP3A4, and GEM and its glucuronide (GEM-glu) inhibit OATP1B1 and CYP2C8. The purpose of this study was to describe the transporter-/enzyme-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of CER with CsA or GEM based on unified physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and to investigate whether the DDIs can be quantitatively analyzed by a bottom-up approach. Initially, the PBPK models for CER and GEM/GEM-glu were constructed based on the previously reported standard protocols. Next, the drug-dependent parameters were optimized by Cluster Newton Method. Thus, described concentration-time profiles for CER and GEM/GEM-glu agreed well with the clinically observed data. The DDIs were then simulated using the established PBPK models with previously obtained in vitro inhibition constants of CsA or GEM/GEM-glu against the OATP1B1 and cytochrome P450s. DDIs with the inhibitors were underestimated compared with observed data using the geometric means of reported values. To search for better described parameters within the range of in vitro values, sensitivity analyses were performed for DDIs of CER. Using the in vitro parameter sets selected by sensitivity analyses, these DDIs were well reproduced, indicating that the present PBPK models were able to describe adequately the clinical DDIs based on a bottom-up approach. The approaches in this study would be applicable to the prediction of other DDIs involving both transporters and metabolic enzymes.
A de novo splice site mutation in EHMT1 resulting in Kleefstra syndrome with pharmacogenomics screening and behavior therapy for regressive behaviors

Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a rare autosomal dominant developmental disability, caused by microdeletions or intragenic mutations within the epigenetic regulator gene EHMT1 (euchromatic histone lysine N‐methyltransferase 1). In addition to common features of autism, young adult regressive behaviors have been reported. However, the genetic downstream effects of the reported deletions or mutations on KS phenotype have not yet been completely explored. While genetic backgrounds affecting drug metabolism can have a profound effect on therapeutic interventions, pharmacogenomic variations are seldom considered in directing psychotropic therapies.
Right Ventricular Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Community-Based Study

Background— The prevalence and clinical significance of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVD) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are not well characterized. Methods and Results— Consecutive, prospectively identified HFpEF (Framingham HF criteria, ejection fraction ≥50%) patients (n=562) from Olmsted County, Minnesota, underwent echocardiography at HF diagnosis and follow-up for cause-specific mortality and HF hospitalization. RV function was categorized by tertiles of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and by semiquantitative (normal, mild RVD, or moderate to severe RVD) 2-dimensional assessment. Whether RVD was defined by semiquantitative assessment or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion ⩽15 mm, HFpEF patients with RVD were more likely to have atrial fibrillation, pacemakers, and chronic diuretic therapy. At echocardiography, patients with RVD had slightly lower left ventricular ejection fraction, worse diastolic dysfunction, lower blood pressure and cardiac output, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and more severe RV enlargement and tricuspid valve regurgitation. After adjustment for age, sex, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and comorbidities, the presence of any RVD by semiquantitative assessment was associated with higher all-cause (hazard ratio=1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.77; P=0.03) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio=1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.80; P=0.006) mortality and higher first (hazard ratio=1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–2.90; P=0.0006) and multiple (hazard ratio=1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.78; P=0.007) HF hospitalization rates. RVD defined by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion values showed similar but weaker associations with mortality and HF hospitalizations. Conclusions— In the community, RVD is common in HFpEF patients, is associated with clinical and echocardiographic evidence of more advanced HF, and is predictive of poorer outcomes.
Is “Positive Parenting” really positive for children and families? Early childhood parenting as a site of governance in Aotearoa New Zealand

6 INTRODUCTION.8 1. Research questions.8 2. Methodology.10 2.1 Method.10 2.2 Theoretical framework.11 3. Background.12 3.1 A landscape of parenting in Aotearoa New Zealand.12 3.2-1 The ‘Positive/desirable’ parent in Aotearoa New Zealand.17 3.2-2 The framing of matters relating to parenting.18 4. Thesis structure.20 CHAPTER 1: INCREDIBLE YEARS.21 1. Background and goals of IY.22 2. Theoretical assumptions.25 3. Structure and design.28 4. Incredible Years in New Zealand.30 4.1 Background of its implementation.30 3 4.2 Course delivery in New Zealand.30 4.3 Evaluation in New Zealand.31 5. Conclusion.32 CHAPTER 2: FOUCAULT AND INCREDIBLE YEARS.33 1.1 Governmentality.35 1.2 The mechanism of power.38 1.2-1 Disciplinary power.38 1.2-2 The means of ‘training’. 39 1.2-3 ‘Governing of body’ and ‘governing of soul’. 41 1.3 Foucault and IY.42 CHAPTER 3: THE COLONISED SOUL.44 1. Parenting as a site of colonisation.46 1.1 Universal/totalising ‘truth’ of parenting in IY.46 1.2 Binary practice/dualism in IY.50 1.3 Disconnection from self and others.54 1.4 A linear notion of space, time and experience.59 CHAPTER 4: THE SCIENTIFIC/CLINICAL SOUL.61 1. Scientific discourses at the centre of parenting truth.62 1.1 One-fits-all: Absolute truth.62
The Impact of Resource Availability on Bacterial Resistance to Phages in Soil

Resource availability can affect the coevolutionary dynamics between host and parasites, shaping communities and hence ecosystem function. A key finding from theoretical and in vitro studies is that host resistance evolves to greater levels with increased resources, but the relevance to natural communities is less clear. We took two complementary approaches to investigate the effect of resource availability on the evolution of bacterial resistance to phages in soil. First, we measured the resistance and infectivity of natural communities of soil bacteria and phage in the presence and absence of nutrient-providing plants. Second, we followed the real-time coevolution between defined bacteria and phage populations with resource availability manipulated by the addition or not of an artificial plant root exudate. Increased resource availability resulted in increases in bacterial resistance to phages, but without a concomitant increase in phage infectivity. These results suggest that phages may have a reduced impact on the control of bacterial densities and community composition in stable, high resource environments.
Effect of whole body hypothermia on inflammation and surfactant function in asphyxiated neonates

T o the Editor: Hypothermia has become an evidence-based treatment for neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) [1]. The usefulness of hypothermia is due to several mechanisms and among these the reduction in inflammation seems to play a relevant role [2, 3]. When applied as whole body hypothermia (WBH), cooling may affect other organs as well. Recent data showed better respiratory outcomes and trends towards lower inflammation in WBH-treated preterm lambs [4], suggesting its possible usefulness to reduce lung injury through the modulation of the inflammatory pathway. By contrast, experiments with hibernating animals have shown that temperature induces significant adaptive changes to the surfactant composition and structure [5]. Nevertheless, no data are currently available in humans. Two case reports have recently described an infant [6] and an adult [7] with severe lung injury, whose ventilation had been facilitated by concurrent hypothermia. Since hypothermia is an accepted therapy only for HIE, we designed a preliminary translational study to investigate the effect of WBH on inflammation and surfactant status in neonates with HIE unaffected by any pulmonary injury. Eligible babies were neonates with HIE who required WBH according to TOBY (total body hypothermia trial) criteria [8]. Control babies were normothermic neonates matched for gestational age and SNAPPE-II (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and Perinatal Extension-II) score, born within 2 months of the HIE cases and needing intubation for surgical procedures during the first day of life. Both cases and controls had to be free from any pulmonary disease and fulfil the following criteria: 1) normal chest radiograph and auscultation; 2) inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.21 to achieve arterial oxygen saturation ≥95%; 3) normal amniotic fluid; 4) no signs of infection; and 5) no congenital lung disease or complex …