Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Accuracy and (the Continuing Need for) Quality Thinking in Meta-Analysis

The four feature-topic articles advance the accuracy of meta-analytic techniques. As might be expected, most articles focus on more precise ways to aggregate all available relationships in a given topic domain. Such aggregation results in overall estimates of relationships and estimates conditional on particular moderators. However, scholars and practitioners can expect more than empirical aggregation from meta-analysis. Careful attention to underlying theory, application, and important methodological issues will result in clearer understanding and explanation. Using the situational judgment testing literature as an example, the current analysis suggests the need for much more upfront, reflective thinking about each meta-analytic study's purpose and how this thinking relates to the inclusion or choice of primary studies, analytic method, coding, and so on. For example, when the focus is on prediction, frequent use of concurrent designs may bias aggregated parameter estimates. Also, it is noted that methods and constructs continue to be confounded in the research literatures.
Preventing Cross-Cultural Bias in Deception Judgments

The expectancy violation model proposes that people infer deception when the communicator violates social norms without obvious cause. However, social norms are culture specific. Therefore, discrepant norms between a communicator and an observer in a cross-cultural interaction might increase the likelihood of inferring deception and thus result in bias. The present study investigated whether informing people about cultural differences in nonverbal behavior could counteract cross-cultural bias in deception judgments. Sixty-nine Australian students were randomly assigned to receive no information, general information, or specific information about culture-specific behavioral norms prior to making credibility judgments of 10 video clips (5 norm consistent and 5 norm inconsistent). The results suggest that cross-cultural biases in deception judgments can occur but may also be prevented by providing appropriate information. These findings require further investigation but have potentially significant implications in law enforcement, customs, immigration, and broader societal interactions.
Evolution of the U.S. Tornado Database: 1954–2003

Abstract Over the last 50 yr, the number of tornadoes reported in the United States has doubled from about 600 per year in the 1950s to around 1200 in the 2000s. This doubling is likely not related to meteorological causes alone. To account for this increase a simple least squares linear regression was fitted to the annual number of tornado reports. A “big tornado day” is a single day when numerous tornadoes and/or many tornadoes exceeding a specified intensity threshold were reported anywhere in the country. By defining a big tornado day without considering the spatial distribution of the tornadoes, a big tornado day differs from previous definitions of outbreaks. To address the increase in the number of reports, the number of reports is compared to the expected number of reports in a year based on linear regression. In addition, the F1 and greater Fujita-scale record was used in determining a big tornado day because the F1 and greater series was more stationary over time as opposed to the F2 and greater.
We are Different, but Can We Talk?

I have attended several conferences across the world on gender and geography, and there are times when I do not really understand the heightened concern for ‘hermeneutical’ and ‘particularized’ notions such as ‘body as space. ’ Nor do I understand the articulation of differences that arise from culture, as well as ‘contextual speci cities’ and ‘situated representations’ that makes working across commonalities almost impossible. To be fair to myself, maybe I do understand, but cannot completely relate to these concerns. I remember distinctly, in one of the international seminars somewhere in the UK, an international group of scholars–mostly from ‘developed’ countries–were frantically debating the issues of individualism, representational inadequacy, re exivity and the role of researchers therein. They were articulate and proli c, but I must admit candidly that somewhere along the line I lost the  ne thread of their discussion. The message that came through had to do with engagement with self as an isolated construct in the celebration of differences, with little or no acknowledgment of hegemonic structures and connectivities. When my turn to comment came, all I remember saying is, ‘This is an academic luxury that we from the “Third World” cannot afford. ’ These were strong words that were painful (and problematic in the present context: who am I to talk as ‘we’ for the ‘Third World’? ) But the words were amply compensated by small slips of paper passed to me by participants from Africa, Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan, who expressed delight and congratulated me for the ‘courage’ I had shown in saying what I said. I do not intend to engage in a simplistic dismissal of postmodernist feminist discourses that question universalizing theories and meta-narratives. To me, they are extremely important in rejecting priorities built around  awed conceptual categories and politics of representation. They have also generated critical debates about norms that constitute referential universes. De nitely, all human phenomena cannot and should not be reduced to essentialist monolithic categories, and we have to be constantly vigilant and self-critical so that in the ultimate equi nal avatar, all ‘Third World’ women would not emerge as underprivileged and/or oppressed, with the West being the primary referent in theory and praxis. Similarly, all women qua men would not be caring, nurturing etc., as some eco-feminists would like us to believe. And of course, yes, hegemonic appropriations invariably imply suppression of heterogeneous groups by dominant discourses. I want to make it clear that my purpose here is not to present the ‘First World’ and the ‘Third World’ as monolithic and homogeneous oppositional categories. Such domination can occur and does occur within these worlds by more powerful elites over less fortunate ones. Middle-class, urban, and educated African/Indian women can construct
Ultra high speed SiGe NPN for advanced BiCMOS technology

A scalable SiGe NPN demonstrating Ft*BVceo product of 340 GHz-V with Ft of 170 GHz and BVceo of 2.0 V together with Fmax of 160 GHz is presented. Peak Ft is reached at a relatively low current density of 6 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/. The device is integrated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process with dual-gate MOS transistors, high voltage NPN transistors, MIM capacitors, metal resistors, and 6 layers of metal including two layers of thick Cu for improved interconnect and inductor performance.
Exploring Theory of Cognition for General Theory of Software Engineering

In recent years, there has been significant interest in general theories of software engineering. In this article, we explore the utility of a theory of cognition, ACT-R, as a component of such a general theory. The ACT-R theory was instantiated to predict the effort of programming language comprehension for two cases: (i) a C program, and (ii) the corresponding Assembly program. An experiment was then conducted to generate empirical data on the two comprehension tasks. The theoretical predictions were compared to the empirical results. The theoretical model predicted that the effort of understanding the considered program in C is 37% of the effort of understanding a comparable program written in Assembly. The experiment generated 33% as the corresponding percentage number. The concordance between theoretical model and experimental data was surprisingly high, encouraging further investigations into the utility of cognitive theories in software engineering.
DSM‐III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population

Type and prevalence of Axis I and Axis II disorders (DSM‐III) were assessed in a sample of 298 consecutive psychiatric outpatients. The instruments used were SCID and SIDP. About half of the Axis I diagnoses consisted of different subgroups of depression. Most patients had more than one diagnosis, anxiety being the second most common disorder. Eighty one percent of the subjects met the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis; half of them obtained more than one Axis II diagnosis. Personality disorder was more common among men than among women. Avoidant and dependent personality disorders constituted the most frequent diagnoses.
Brain death assessment using instant spectral analysis of heart rate variability

Objective Confirmation of brain death requires an urgent diagnosis to allow rapid vital organ removal for transplantation. Evaluation of forebrain functions is commonly performed through electroencephalogram. Nevertheless, there are, for the moment, no methods that allow for an instantaneous evaluation of brainstem functions. During acute brain injury, heart rate variability is an independent neurologic prognosis indicator resulting from a close relationship between brain stem and cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study aims to evaluate a new heart rate variability spectral analysis method, on a beat-to-beat basis, continuously over the time, during brain death. Design Prospective, nonrandomized, observational study. Setting Intensive care unit. Subjects Ten patients (age range 25–64 yrs, mean age 41 yrs) with acute brain injury leading to brain death. Intervention No intervention beyond standard of care Measurements and Main Results Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, heart rate variability in time and frequency domains method, which included calculation of the instant center frequency of spectrum. Brain death was associated with tachycardia (R-R interval 703 ± 69 vs. 551 ± 34 msec, p < .05), dramatic reduction of the global spectral power (44.919 ± 31.511 vs. 3.204 ± 1.469 msec2, p < .05), and an abrupt shift of instant center frequency to a higher frequency range (0.17 ± 0.01 vs. 0.26 ± 0.03 Hz, p < .05). Conclusions Such a method allows an instant, noninvasive determination of brainstem death based on a time and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability.
The enactment effect in a multi-trial free-recall paradigm

Recent evidence suggests that enacting compared to reading action phrases during encoding increases item-specific processing, but hampers “retrieval” (i.e. processes uniquely required in a free-recall test). Based on this notion, we predicted an enactment effect in free recall—a memory test that is supposed to rely on both processing types—and its size to be attenuated over the learning phase. In a multi-trial, study–test learning paradigm, participants (N = 40) studied and free-recalled repeatedly the same 24 action phrases either by enacting them or by reading them aloud during study trials. As predicted, we demonstrated the enactment effect only for the first study–test cycle, and then this mnemonic advantage attenuated over the remaining cycles. The present results support the notion that enactment increases item-specific processing but hampers retrieval.
Attitudes toward Science (ATS): An Examination of Scientists' and Native Americans' Cultural Values and ATS and Their Effect on Action Priorities

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Murry, Adam T. , "Attitudes toward Science (ATS): An Examination of Scientists' and Native Americans' Cultural Values and ATS and their Effect on Action Priorities" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 674.
Hypertonic saline improves the LCI in paediatric patients with CF with normal lung function

Background and aims Sensitive outcome measures to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with mild lung disease are currently lacking. Our objective was to study the ability of the lung clearance index (LCI), a measure of ventilation inhomogeneity, to detect a treatment response to hypertonic saline inhalation in paediatric patients with CF with normal spirometry. Methods In a crossover trial, 20 patients with CF received 4 weeks of hypertonic saline (HS) and isotonic saline (IS) in a randomised sequence separated by a 4 week washout period. The primary end point was the change in the LCI due to HS versus IS. Results Baseline characteristics including the LCI were not significantly different between both study periods. Four weeks of twice-daily HS inhalation significantly improved the LCI compared with IS (1.16, 95% CI 0.26 to 2.05; p=0.016), whereas other outcome measures such as spirometry and quality of life failed to reach statistical significance. Randomisation order had no significant impact on the treatment effect. Conclusions The LCI, but not spirometry was able to detect a treatment effect from HS inhalation in patients with CF with mild disease and may be a suitable tool to assess early intervention strategies in this patient population. Clinical trial number NCT00635141.
Reduced fronto‐callosal fiber integrity in unmedicated OCD patients: A diffusion tractography study

It is widely accepted that abnormalities in the frontal area of the brain underpin the pathophysiology of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Fundamental to this investigation is the delineation of frontal white matter tracts including dorsal and ventral frontal projections of interhemispheric connections. While previous investigations of OCD have examined the dorsal and ventral frontal regions, the corresponding callosal connections have not been investigated, despite their importance. We recruited twenty patients with OCD (15 drug‐naïve and 5 currently unmedicated) and demographically similar healthy controls, and conducted fiber tractography and post hoc quantitative analysis using diffusion tensor imaging. We extracted fractional anisotropy (FA) of the fronto‐callosal fibers along the entire length of the tract. Function‐specific [by the Brodmann area region‐of‐interest (ROI) approach] and region‐specific (by the length‐parameterization approach) tracts were defined. In addition, we devised a new index of dorsal‐ventral imbalance (DVII) of fiber integrity. Significant FA decreases were observed in orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal projections of the corpus callosum (P < 0.05, false discovery rate‐corrected) with higher function/region sensitivity than voxel‐based or ROI‐based approaches. Importantly, OCD patients also exhibited significantly higher ventral‐greater‐than‐dorsal asymmetry of FA values than normal controls (P < 0.05, FDR‐corrected). This study is the first to investigate fiber integrity in the dorsal/ventral frontal parts of the callosal tractography in unmedicated OCD patients. Using a more quantitative method in terms of functional and regional specificity than previous studies, we report abnormalities in interhemispheric connectivity of both dorsal and ventral networks in the pathophysiology of OCD. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2441–2452, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Amitriptyline an Antidepressant Drug on Structural and Functional Properties of Brain Cystatin

Cystatins are the thiol proteinases inhibitors of prime physiologic importance. They are ubiquitously present in mammalian body. They prevent unwanted proteolysis and play important role in several diseases. Regulation of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors are of utmost importance in diseases like Alzheimer, amlyoid angiopathy and other neurodegenerative disease. Proteinase anti-proteinase imbalance accelerates disease progression. Amitriptylin an antidepressant helps to relieve depression and pain. It is often used to manage nerve pain resulting from cancer treatment. Such injury to nerves causes a burning, tingling sensation. This medication, usually given at bedtime, helps patients to sleep better In this paper interaction of brain cystatin (BC) with Amytriptyline (AMY) has been studied by UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present study, the effect of drug has been studied to explore AMY induced changes in functional and structural integrity of the cystatin. The fluorescence quenching data is indicative of complex formation between the protein and drug which confirmed the binding of Amytriptyline with brain cystatin. Stern-Volmer analysis of Amytriptyline binding with brain cystatin indicates the presence of static component in the quenching mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG° (Free energy change) -36.966 KJ/mol indicated that both hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played a major role in the binding of AMY with BC. Binding investigations give in this work, gives significant information about the conformational changes in cystatin due interaction with the drug.
Diabetes and Risk of Cancer

Diabetes and cancer represent two complex, diverse, chronic, and potentially fatal diseases. Cancer is the second leading cause of death, while diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death with the latter still likely underreported. There is a growing body of evidence published in recent years that suggest substantial increase in cancer incidence in diabetic patients. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes was estimated to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. About 26.9% of all people over 65 have diabetes and 60% have cancer. Overall, 8–18% of cancer patients have diabetes. In the context of epidemiology, the burden of both diseases, small association between diabetes and cancer will be clinically relevant and should translate into significant consequences for future health care solutions. This paper summarizes most of the epidemiological association studies between diabetes and cancer including studies relating to the general all-site increase of malignancies in diabetes and elevated organ-specific cancer rate in diabetes as comorbidity. Additionally, we have discussed the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that likely may be involved in promoting carcinogenesis in diabetes and the potential of different antidiabetic therapies to influence cancer incidence.
Attitudes Toward Battered Women Who Kill

Battered woman’s syndrome has become highly controversial, particularly when used as a defense in cases of homicide. According to legal scholars and social scientists, the characteristics associated with the syndrome constitute a standard that jurors use to evaluate battered women. This study evaluated the hypothesis that jurors use prototypical standards of battered women to reach conclusions about defendants in these cases. Results supported the hypotheses that verdicts are directly influenced by typicality and response history (passive vs. active) of the defendant. Defendants portrayed as atypical with an active response history received more guilty verdicts and were less credible. Conversely, typical defendants with passive response histories were most likely to receive verdicts of not guilty and found to be more credible. Traditional gender effects showed men were more likely than women to render guilty verdicts in all conditions.
Estimating Numerical Attributes by Bringing Together Fragmentary Clues

This work is an attempt to automatically obtain numerical attributes of physical objects. We propose representing each physical object as a feature vector and representing sizes as linear functions of feature vectors. We train the function in the framework of the combined regression and ranking with many types of fragmentary clues including absolute clues (e.g., A is 30cm long) and relative clues (e.g., A is larger than B).
Influence of car panorama glass roofs on Car2Car communication (poster)

The Car2Car communication will use a reserved frequency band at 5.9 GHz. One of the key requirements for a Car2Car antenna is that the gain is concentrated in the horizontal plane, which is a problem due to the limited ground plane of a car roof. The influence of roof curvature, roof racks and panorama glass roofs were investigated to quantify them. To the authors knowledge such measurements have not been published yet. Three different antennas were simulated and measured on round ground planes and real car roofs in different configurations. The configuration with a panorama glass roof showed an unexpected high loss of gain in the direction of the glass roof in the range of 15 to 20 dB which result in a drastically reduced communication range to the front direction. This phenomenon is still under investigation.
The far-infrared/radio correlation as probed by Herschel

We set out to determine the ratio, q(IR), of rest-frame 8-1000um flux, S(IR), to monochromatic radio flux, S(1.4GHz), for galaxies selected at far-IR and radio wavelengths, to search for signs that the ratio evolves with redshift, luminosity or dust temperature, and to identify any far-IR-bright outliers - useful laboratories for exploring why the far-IR/radio correlation is generally so tight when the prevailing theory suggests variations are almost inevitable. We use flux-limited 250-um and 1.4-GHz samples, obtained in GOODS-N using Herschel (HerMES; PEP) and the VLA. We determine bolometric IR output using ten bands spanning 24-1250um, exploiting data from PACS and SPIRE, as well as Spitzer, SCUBA, AzTEC and MAMBO. We also explore the properties of an L(IR)-matched sample, designed to reveal evolution of q(IR) with z, spanning log L(IR) = 11-12 L(sun) and z=0-2, by stacking into the radio and far-IR images. For 1.4-GHz-selected galaxies, we see tentative evidence of a break in the flux ratio, q(IR), at L(1.4GHz) ~ 10^22.7 W/Hz, where AGN are starting to dominate the radio power density, and of weaker correlations with z and T(d). From our 250-um-selected sample we identify a small number of far-IR-bright outliers, and see trends of q(IR) with L(1.4GHz), L(IR), T(d) and z, noting that some of these are inter-related. For our L(IR)-matched sample, there is no evidence that q(IR) changes significantly as we move back into the epoch of galaxy formation: we find q(IR) goes as (1+z)^gamma, where gamma = -0.04 +/- 0.03 at z=0-2; however, discounting the least reliable data at z 1.
Oral Definitions of Newly Learned Words

This study examined and compared patterns of errors in the oral definitions of newly learned words. Fifteen 9- to 11-year-old children with language learning disability (LLD) and 15 typically developing age-matched peers inferred the meanings of 20 nonsense words from four novel reading passages. After reading, children provided oral definitions for target words. Oral definition errors were categorized and proportions were computed. Results indicated that the LLD and typical groups showed similar error proportions in indeterminate (p = .055), false (p = .506), and semantic (p = .370) categories. Different error proportions were found for phonological (p = .048), sentence (p = .031), substitution (p = .001), and syntactic (p = .023) categories. Similar patterns of errors were found for frontier and unknown words for the LLD group. These patterns provided evidence that children with LLD have difficulty gaining partial word knowledge during reading tasks.
Product Eigenvalue Problems

Many eigenvalue problems are most naturally viewed as product eigenvalue problems. The eigenvalues of a matrix $A$ are wanted, but $A$ is not given explicitly. Instead it is presented as a product of several factors: $A = A_{k}A_{k-1}\cdots A_{1}$. Usually more accurate results are obtained by working with the factors rather than forming $A$ explicitly. For example, if we want eigenvalues/vectors of $B^{T}B$, it is better to work directly with $B$ and not compute the product. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate that the product eigenvalue problem is a powerful unifying concept. Diverse examples of eigenvalue problems are discussed and formulated as product eigenvalue problems. For all but a couple of these examples it is shown that the standard algorithms for solving them are instances of a generic $GR$ algorithm applied to a related cyclic matrix.