Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Light on Anthocyanin Levels in Submerged, Harvested Cranberry Fruit

Anthocyanins are a group of plant antioxidants known for their therapeutic use. The effects of natural light, red light, and far-red light on individual as well as total anthocyanin content in cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) were examined in an experimental setting designed to mimic water-harvesting conditions. The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to separate and analyze the anthocyanins. In contrast to the case of the control sample that was kept in the dark, natural light increased the total anthocyanin level by 75.3% and 87.2% after 24 and 48 hours of water immersion, respectively. Red light and far-red light increased the total anthocyanin level by 41.5% and 34.7%, respectively. The amount of each individual anthocyanin increased differently under natural light, red light, and far-red light, suggesting that expressions of enzymes that catalyze the anthocyanin biosynthesis are regulated differently by environments.
Multiple CFOs Compensation and BER Analysis for Cooperative Communication Systems

In cooperative communication systems, multiple carrier frequency offsets (MCFO) appear due to the different accuracy of the nodes' oscillators and Doppler spreads, which drastically degrades the performance of space-frequency block coded (SFBC) cooperative systems. In this paper, a MCFO compensation algorithm including modified SFBC decoder, minimum Euclidean distance decision criterion and interference reconstructing eliminator is proposed. Besides, the bit error ratio (BER) lower bound of cooperative communication systems with MCFO is theoretically derived. From the simulations, the correctness of our theoretical analysis can be validated, and it is also proved that the proposed compensation algorithm achieves good BER performance with a large range of MCFO.
A Nationwide Census of ICU Capacity and Admissions in Mongolia

In Mongolia, a Central Asian lower-middle income country, intensive care medicine is an under-resourced and–developed medical specialty. The burden of critical illness and capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) services in the country is unknown. In this nationwide census, we collected data on adult and pediatric/neonatal ICU capacities and the number of ICU admissions in 2014. All hospitals registered to run an ICU service in Mongolia were surveyed. Data on the availability of an adult and/or pediatric/neonatal ICU service, the number of available ICU beds, the number of available functional mechanical ventilators, the number of patients admitted to the ICU, and the number of patients admitted to the study hospital were collected. In total, 70 ICUs with 349 ICU beds were counted in Mongolia (11.7 ICU beds/100,000 inhabitants; 1.7 ICU beds/100 hospital beds). Of these, 241 (69%) were adult and 108 (31%) pediatric/neonatal ICU beds. Functional mechanical ventilators were available for approximately half of the ICU beds (5.1 mechanical ventilators/100,000 inhabitants). While all provincial hospitals ran a pediatric/neonatal ICU, only dedicated pediatric hospitals in Ulaanbaatar did so. The number of adult and pediatric/neonatal ICU admissions varied between provinces. The number of adult ICU beds and adult ICU admissions per 100,000 inhabitants correlated (r = 0.5; p = 0.02), while the number of pediatric/neonatal ICU beds and pediatric/neonatal ICU admissions per 100,000 inhabitants did not (r = 0.25; p = 0.26). In conclusion, with 11.7 ICU beds per 100,000 inhabitants the ICU capacity in Mongolia is higher than in other low- and lower-middle-income countries. Substantial heterogeneities in the standardized ICU capacity and ICU admissions exist between Mongolian provinces. Functional mechanical ventilators are available for only half of the ICU beds. Pediatric/neonatal ICU beds make up one third of the national ICU capacity and appear to meet or even exceed the demand of pediatric/neonatal critical care.
Interferometry by deconvolution. Part 1 -Theory for acoustic waves and numerical examples

Interferometry allows for synthesis of data recorded at any two receivers into waves that propagate between these receivers as if one of them behaves as a source. This is accomplished typically by crosscorrelations. Based on perturbation theory and representation theorems, we show that interferometry also can be done by deconvolutions for arbitrary media and multidimensional experiments. This is important for interferometry applications in which (1) excitation is a complicated source-time function and/or (2) when wavefield separation methods are used along with interferometry to retrieve specific arrivals. Unlike using crosscorrelations, this method yields only causal scattered waves that propagate between the receivers. We offer a physical interpretation of deconvolution interferometry based on scattering theory. Here we show that deconvolution interferometry in acoustic media imposes an extra boundary condition, which we refer to as the free-point or clamped-point boundary condition, depending on the measured field quantity. This boundary condition generates so-called free-point scattering interactions, which are described in detail. The extra boundary condition and its associated artifacts can be circumvented by separating the reference waves from scattered wavefields prior to interferometry. Three wavefield-separation methods that can be used in interferometry are direct-wave interferometry, dual-field interferometry, and shot-domain separation. Each has different objectives and requirements.
Pulmonary Surfactant Promotes Virulence Gene Expression and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae

ABSTRACT The interactions between Klebsiella pneumoniae and the host environment at the site of infection are largely unknown. Pulmonary surfactant serves as an initial point of contact for inhaled bacteria entering the lung and is thought to contain molecular cues that aid colonization and pathogenesis. To gain insight into this ecological transition, we characterized the transcriptional response of K. pneumoniae MGH 78578 to purified pulmonary surfactant. This work revealed changes within the K. pneumoniae transcriptome that likely contribute to host colonization, adaptation, and virulence in vivo. Notable transcripts expressed under these conditions include genes involved in capsule synthesis, lipopolysaccharide modification, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and metabolism. In addition, we tested the contributions of other surfactant-induced transcripts to K. pneumoniae survival using engineered isogenic KPPR1 deletion strains in a murine model of acute pneumonia. In these infection studies, we identified the MdtJI polyamine efflux pump and the ProU glycine betaine ABC transporter to be significant mediators of K. pneumoniae survival within the lung and confirmed previous evidence for the importance of de novo leucine synthesis to bacterial survival during infection. Finally, we determined that pulmonary surfactant promoted type 3 fimbria-mediated biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae and identified two surfactant constituents, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, that drive this response. This study provides novel insight into the interactions occurring between K. pneumoniae and the host at an important infection site and demonstrates the utility of purified lung surfactant preparations for dissecting host-lung pathogen interactions in vitro.
Inhibitory Effects of Arginine on the Aggregation of Bovine Insulin

Static and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate the effects of L-arginine, commonly used to inhibit protein aggregation, on the initial aggregation kinetics of solutions of bovine insulin in 20% acetic acid and 0.1 M NaCl as a model system for amyloidosis. Measurements were made as a function of insulin concentration (0.5–2.0 mM), quench temperature (60–85°C), and arginine concentration (10–500 mM). Aggregation kinetics under all conditions had a lag phase, whose duration decreased with increasing temperature and with increasing insulin concentration but which increased by up to a factor of 8 with increasing added arginine. Further, the initial growth rate after the lag phase also slowed by up to a factor of about 20 in the presence of increasing concentrations of arginine. From the temperature dependence of the lag phase duration, we find that the nucleation activation energy doubles from 17 ± 5 to 36 ± 3 kcal/mol in the presence of 500 mM arginine.
Surfacing Automation Criteria: A Process Architecture Approach

This paper describes the outcomes of a case study aimed at surfacing and analyzing decision making criteria used to prioritize process automation initiatives with a view toward engendering a process-centric organization and eventually exposing these processes as services. The study used structured interviews, content analysis, and enterprise process architecture mapping techniques to explore the implicit and explicit logic underlying process automation decisions. The results point to a wide range of decision making criteria involving technology, business and industry characteristics. We discuss the implications of our analysis for future, larger-scale, research projects and describe the potential implications for organizations interested in moving toward a process-oriented enterprise.
Subtle Differences in Symbiont Cell Surface Glycan Profiles Do Not Explain Species-Specific Colonization Rates in a Model Cnidarian-Algal Symbiosis

Mutualisms between cnidarian hosts and dinoflagellate endosymbionts are foundational to coral reef ecosystems. These symbioses are often re-established every generation with high specificity, but gaps remain in our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that control symbiont recognition and uptake dynamics. Here, we tested whether differences in glycan profiles among different symbiont species account for the different rates at which they initially colonize aposymbiotic polyps of the model sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida). First, we used a lectin array to characterize the glycan profiles of colonizing Symbiodinium minutum (ITS2 type B1) and noncolonizing Symbiodinium pilosum (ITS2 type A2), finding subtle differences in the binding of lectins Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL) and Urtica dioica agglutinin lectin (UDA) that distinguish between high-mannoside and hybrid-type protein linked glycans. Next, we enzymatically cleaved glycans from the surfaces of S. minutum cultures and followed their recovery using flow cytometry, establishing a 48–72 h glycan turnover rate for this species. Finally, we exposed aposymbiotic host polyps to cultured S. minutum cells masked by EEL or UDA lectins for 48 h, then measured cell densities the following day. We found no effect of glycan masking on symbiont density, providing further support to the hypothesis that glycan-lectin interactions are more important for post-phagocytic persistence of specific symbionts than they are for initial uptake. We also identified several methodological and biological factors that may limit the utility of studying glycan masking in the Aiptasia system.
Dust-driven Winds Beyond Spherical Symmetry

Abstract New 2D dynamical models for the winds of AGB stars are presented which include hydrodynamics with radiation pressure on dust, equilibrium chemistry, time-dependent dust formation theory, and coupled frequency-dependent Monte Carlo radiative transfer. The simulations reveal a much more complicated picture of the dust formation and wind acceleration as compared to 1D spherical wind models. Triggered by non-spherical pulsations or large-scale convective motions, dust forms event-like in the cooler regions above the stellar surface which are temporarily less illuminated, followed by the radial ejection of dust arcs and clumps. These simulations can possibly explain recent high angular resolution interferometric IR observations of red giants, which show an often non-symmetric and highly time-variable innermost dust formation and wind acceleration zone. The dependence of the mass-loss rates on stellar parameters is less threshold-like as used from 1D models, and therefore, it seems quite possible that the phenomenon of dust-driven winds may occur also in less evolved red giants.
Comparison between small slope approximation and two scale model in bistatic configuration

The Small Slope Approximation (SSA) and Two Scale Model (TSM) are applied to the prediction of microwave sea scattering in bistatic configuration. The calculations were made by assuming the surface-height spectrum of Elfouhaily et al for fully developed seas. Both the coand cross-polarization cross section are calculated in several bistatic configuration. The simulations showed good agreement between SSA and TSM for Kuand C-bands. For the HH polarization, a significant difference between results obtained with two models is remarked specially near the grazing angles and for large wind speed. Numerical results are obtained as a function of wind speed, incident/scattering angles and polarization states.
The uncertainty relation for joint measurement of position and momentum

We prove an uncertainty relation, which imposes a bound on any joint measurement of position and momentum. It is of the form (ΔP)(ΔQ) ≥ Ch, where the 'uncertainties' quantify the difference between the marginals of the joint measurement and the corresponding ideal observable. Applied to an approximate position measurement followed by a momentum measurement, the uncertainties become the precision ΔQ of the position measurement, and the perturbation ΔP of the conjugate variable introduced by such a measurement. We also determine the best constant C, which is attained for a unique phase space covariant measurement.
Chapter 10. Bio-physical Interactions off Western South-america

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Physical characteristics and overview 3. Lower trophic level bio-physical-chemical interactions. 4. Holozooplankton and merozooplankton 5. Pelagic fish distribution and abundance patterns off Perú and Chile 6. The benthic, nearshore and intertidal ecosystems 7. Anthropogenic Influences 8. Conclusions 9. Appendix: Examples of biogeochemical and trophic links in specific regions Bibliography 1. Introduction In this chapter, we describe biophysical interactions in the marine ecosystems off Perú and Chile, with some information off Ecuador. This extends a previous review of the physical oceanography of the region (Strub et al., 1998). It also builds upon a long history of interdisciplinary studies of the coastal ocean off Perú, Chile and Ecuador, including their fisheries and responses of those fisheries
A new approach to WWW service quality evaluation

The paper presents telecommunication services quality evaluation issues. It discusses the general European Union attitude and mentions the main documents of the European Council regarding the quality of service. The author presents two different, user's and operator's, points of view on the matter. Hence, two approaches to the service quality evaluation are discussed: an objective and subjective one. The author makes an effort to find a relationship between the quality of service and quality of experience for the WWW service. A proposal of new quality evaluation metric, based on the Median Opinion Score, is presented. Based on this approach, author proposed three zones, laid on the time scale, indicated by users' evaluation grades of web opening times which correspond with the service quality experienced by them.
Fabry Disease – Underestimated in the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis?

Objective Fabry disease is a rare X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder affecting multiple organ systems. It includes central nervous system involvement via micro- and macroangiopathic cerebral changes. Due to its clinical symptoms and frequent MRI lesions, Fabry disease is commonly misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis. We present an overview of cases from Fabry centres in Germany initially misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis and report the clinical, MR-tomographical, and laboratory findings. Methods Eleven Fabry patients (one male, ten females) initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were identified from 187 patient records (5.9%) and analyzed for presenting symptoms, results of the initial diagnostic workup, and the clinical course of the disease. Results Four patients were identified as having a “possible” history of MS, and 7 patients as “definite” cases of multiple sclerosis (revised McDonald criteria). On average, Fabry disease was diagnosed 8.2 years (±9.8 years) after the MS diagnosis, and 12.8 years after onset of first symptoms (±10.3 years). All patients revealed white matter lesions on MRI. The lesion pattern and results of cerebrospinal fluid examination were inconsistent and non-specific. White matter lesion volumes ranged from 8.9 mL to 34.8 mL (mean 17.8 mL±11.4 mL). There was no association between extra-neurological manifestations or enzyme activity and lesion load. Conclusion There are several anamnestic and clinical hints indicating when Fabry disease should be considered a relevant differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, e.g. female patients with asymmetric, confluent white matter lesions on MRI, normal spinal MR imaging, ectatic vertebrobasilar arteries, proteinuria, or lack of intrathecally derived immunoglobulin synthesis.
Don’t Forget About the Teachers! Parent and Teacher BASC-2 Reports of Children on the DSM-5 Autism Spectrum

ABSTRACT The new DSM-5 dimensional framework of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) features severity ratings of social communication (SC) and restrictive/repetitive behaviors (RRB) and little research has been conducted since its inception. There has been a recent increase in the administration and adoption of broadband behavior-rating scales by clinicians, to ascertain a summary of the client’s behavior, including use with children on the autism spectrum. One such widely utilized accepted instrument is the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd ed. (BASC-2), a multidimensional measure to assess internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as adaptive functioning for individuals 2–25 years of age. The current study examined and compared the Parent Rating Scale (PRS) and Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) of the BASC-2 for children on the DSM-5 autism spectrum in order contribute novel information to the BASC-2 literature. Utilizing a sample of 67 children and adolescents with ASD, the PRS and TRS of the BASC-2 were compared using paired sample t-tests to assess for differences in parent- versus teacher-reported behavior patterns. Mean parent ratings for atypicality, functional communication, and withdrawal, and mean teacher ratings for atypicality and withdrawal, were clinically elevated. Mean parent and teacher ratings for adaptability and social skills, and mean teacher ratings for functional communication were in the at-risk range. Parent ratings of adaptability, functional communication, and social skill were significantly more severe than teacher ratings of these same subscales. Implications of these results for the assessment of children and adolescents with ASD are suggested.
Using Forced Alignment for Phonetics Research

Forced alignment has been at the core of speech recognition technology since the 1970s, and was first used in phonetics research in the 1990s. Progress in digital multimedia, networking and mass storage is creating enormous and growing volumes of transcribed speech, which forced alignment can turn into vast phonetic databases. However, speech science has so far taken relatively little advantage of this opportunity, because it requires tools and methods that are now difficult for most speech researchers to access, and are incompletely developed and tested for many applications. But these technologies are leading the study of human speech into a revolutionary new era: a movement from the study of small, private, and mostly artificial datasets to the analysis of published collections of natural speech that are thousands or even millions of times larger. In this chapter, we illustrate some of the ways that forced alignment can be used as a tool in speech science, and discuss directions for improvement.
Multitasking, limited liability and political agency

This paper considers a political accountability framework in which the politician exerts unobserved e¤ort in two independent dimensions. Since the worst payo¤ to the politician is removal from o¢ ce, this contracting environment exhibits limited liability. We show that limited liability implies that it is di¢ cult to implement vectors that devote attention to both dimensions. Hence citizens must decide between a high e¤ort allocation to a single task or a low total e¤ort allocation split between the two tasks. Given this, we consider why we do not observe more direct elections of separate ministers, which would allow for better balanced allocations of e¤ort. We …nd that if elections are primarily used as devices to weed out low type politicians, a united executive dominates one with divided accountability. These results give support to the view that elections act chie‡y as selection devices.
APPENDIX A. ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVELS AND WORKSHEETS

MRLs are derived when reliable and sufficient data exist to identify the target organ(s) of effect or the most sensitive health effect(s) for a specific duration for a given route of exposure. An MRL is an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse non-cancer health effects over a specified route and duration of exposure. MRLs are based on non-cancer health effects only; cancer effects are not considered. These substance-specific estimates, which are intended to serve as screening levels, are used by ATSDR health assessors to identify contaminants and potential health effects that may be of concern at hazardous waste sites. It is important to note that MRLs are not intended to define clean-up or action levels.
Chandra Multiwavelength Project X-Ray Point Source Number Counts and the Cosmic X-Ray Background

We present the Chandra Multiwavelength Project (ChaMP) X-ray point source number counts and cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) flux densities in multiple energy bands. From the ChaMP X-ray point source catalog, ~5500 sources are selected, covering 9.6 deg2 in sky area. To quantitatively characterize the sensitivity and completeness of the ChaMP sample, we perform extensive simulations. We also include the ChaMP+CDFs (Chandra Deep Fields) number counts to cover large flux ranges from 2 × 10-17 to 2.4 × 10-12 (0.5-2 keV) and from 2 × 10-16 to 7.1 × 10-12 (2-8 keV) ergs cm-2 s-1. The ChaMP and the ChaMP+CDFs differential number counts are well fitted with a broken power law. The best-fit faint and bright power indices are 1.49 ± 0.02 and 2.36 ± 0.05 (0.5-2 keV), and 1.58 ± 0.01 and 2.59 (2-8 keV), respectively. We detect breaks in the differential number counts that appear at different fluxes in different energy bands. Assuming a single power-law model for a source spectrum, we find that the same population(s) of soft X-ray sources causes the break in the differential number counts for all energy bands. We measure the resolved CXRB flux densities from the ChaMP and the ChaMP+CDFs number counts with and without bright target sources. By adding the known unresolved CXRB to the ChaMP+CDF resolved CXRB, we also estimate total CXRB flux densities. The fractions of the resolved CXRB without target sources are 78% ± 1% and 81% ± 2% in the 0.5-2 and 2-8 keV bands, respectively, somewhat lower than but generally consistent with earlier numbers because of their large errors. These fractions increase by ~1% when target sources are included.