Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Behavior Genetic Study of the Connection Between Social Values and Personality

The present research examined the extent to which relations between social values and personality are due to shared genetic or environmental factors. Using the Rokeach (1973) Value Survey and a scoring key from Schwartz and Bilsky (1990), seven value scores (enjoyment, achievement, self-direction, maturity, prosocial, security, and restrictive conformity) were derived in a sample of twins. As expected, all of the value scales were found to have a significant genetic component, with values ranging from 36% for enjoyment to 63% for prosocial, and there were numerous significant phenotypic correlations found between the value scales and personality scores. Most important, bivariate genetic analyses revealed that some of these phenotypic correlations could be attributed to common genetic or environmental factors.
Soccer in the USA: ‘holding out for a hero’?

The state of football in the USA is analysed through the example of how women's football grew in the late 1970s and 1980s. This article tries to answer the question of why women’s football is so successful in the USA, but the men’s professional game has yet to really catch on. Where have all the good men gone And where are all the gods? Where’s the street‐wise Hercules To fight the rising odds? 1
Groupand Individual Training

Recent reviews suggest that the effectiveness of various training methods are contingent on team and individual competencies, task requirements, andfeatures of the work environment (Baldwin & Ford, 1988; Cannon-Bowers, Tannenbaum, Salas, & Volpe, 1995). Two experiments compared the effects oftaskpractice--as either individuals or in groups-on subsequent group and individual perfonnance on a complex cognitive task. Experiment I examined the effects of task practice on group performance, whereas Experiment 2 examined the effects of task practice on individual performance. In both studies, sets offour persons worked as individuals or in groups on two practice problems before theirfinal performance on a third problem. In general, the more members practiced as a group, the better they performed as a group. However, practicing individually or in groups did not have a significant effect on individual performance. Future research should address whether these findings are generalizable across training methods, tasks, types of groups, and work environments.
The effect of free-stream turbulence on sectional lift forces on a circular cylinder

Wind-tunnel experiments were conducted to examine the effect of grid-generated turbulence on lift forces at sections of a circular cylinder. Turbulence of longitudinal intensity between 0.6% and 18% was employed, with cylinder Reynolds numbers in the range 1 × 105 to 5 × 105. Addition of low-intensity turbulence had the primary effect of inducing the critical transition at Reynolds numbers below that for smooth flow; above transition there was little difference between the forces experienced by the cylinder in smooth or turbulent flow, with no sign of organized vortex shedding. At higher turbulence intensities effects consistent with a return to organized vortex shedding were observed, particularly for the highest intensity and at the upper end of the Reynolds number range; lift coefficients were greater than in smooth supercritical flow, with a broad spectral peak centred near a Strouhal number of 0.23 accompanied by an increase in spanwise correlation lengths of lift force.
Unbounded Irrationality: Risk and Organizational Narcissism at Long Term Capital Management

This article focuses on the near collapse of the highly prestigious hedge-fund Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) in September 1998, causing widespread fears that its demise may lead to global financial meltdown. Explanations pivoting on the idea of bounded rationality - that rationally functioning organizations may collapse because of a lack of information or the capacity to process such information - are found not to apply. The article postulates the irrational functioning of LTCM, and proposes a psychoanalytic theory of organizational narcissism as a means of explanation. This theory comprises well-explored themes of organizational narcissism such as hubris, omnipotence and omniscience, as well as newer themes of contempt, triumph, and the embeddedness of narcissism in the organization's socio-technical system. The article concludes by examining these ideas in relation to other theories of risk as well as the implications for practice.
The social construction of gender in Spanish physical education students

The objective of this study was to analyse sex stereotypes in Spanish high-school students. Three hundred boys and girls from 12 to 17 years old participated in this study by completing a 41-item survey about their preferences for different body types. The survey was applied using a set of visual triggers. Analysis of data showed that body stereotypes determined the way boys and girls perceived physical activities. These influences made boys manifest masculine stereotypes (cult of muscularity) and girls to follow traditional feminine stereotypes (cult of thinness). We conclude that teachers have to be alert for sports practices becoming a vehicle for reproducing stereotypes related to gender.
Periodontitis and obesity: a study of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND The present study aims to determine whether there is an association between periodontitis and obesity among Korean adults who participated in the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS In 2007, 4,246 subjects, >19 years of age, who participated in the KNHANES (a cross-sectional survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were selected for analysis. Participants underwent a periodontal examination and anthropometric measurements, and were asked to complete a questionnaire about their socioeconomic status and overall health status. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of overall body fat and upper body fat. Standard BMI and WC cutoff points were used, as established by the World Health Organization and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Periodontal status was assessed by Community Periodontal Index and periodontitis was defined as ≥ "code 3. " Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out, adjusting for the following variables: sex; age; household income; bedtime toothbrushing habits; use of dental floss; use of an interproximal toothbrush; presence of active tooth decay; the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth; diabetes mellitus; and present smoking status. RESULTS In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there was no association between BMI and periodontitis. Obese people with BMI ≥25 had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.991 (0.806 to 1.220) for having periodontitis. But we found a significant association between abdominal obesity and periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.358 (confidence interval 1.003 to 1.839) for obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS A high WC seems to be associated with periodontitis, whereas BMI does not. This finding shows that abdominal obesity is significantly correlated with periodontitis.
On Information Transmission Among Nanomachines

In this paper, the authors review the fundamental issues arising when nanoscale devices are meant to be interconnected to transmit information. The possibility of manipulating and assembling objects at the atomic scale has paved the way for a future generation of computing machines, where nanoscale devices substitute silicon-based transistors. Interconnections, needed to perform complex operations, are expected to be the driving factor in terms of performance and costs of the resulting systems. In view of the current research on nanomachines, the authors are interested in understanding which may be the limits of communications at the nanoscale level. Our research stems from a few, simple and yet unanswered questions, like "what is the capacity of a nanowire/nanotube? ", "what is the capacity of molecular-based communication systems? " etc. While we do not answer to such questions directly, we shed some light on possible approaches based on information-theoretical concepts
Global surface reconstruction by purposive control of observer motion

What real-time, qualitative viewpoint-control behaviors are important for performing global visual exploration tasks such as searching for specific surface markings, building a global model of an arbitrary object, or recognizing an object? In this paper we consider the task of purposefully controlling the motion of an active, monocular observer in order to recover a global description of a smooth, arbitrarily-shaped object using the occluding contour. By studying the epipolar parameterization, we develop two basic behaviors that allow reconstruction of a patch around any point in a reconstructible surface region. These behaviors rely only on information extracted directly from images (e.g., tangents to the occluding contour), and are simple enough to be executed in real time. We then show how global surface reconstruction can be provably achieved by (1) integrating these behaviors to iteratively "grow" the reconstructed regions, and (2) obeying four simple rules. <<ETX>>
Role of high-level knowledge in memory for chess positions

Current theories of chess expertise assume that experts can recall meaningful chess positions so well because their encoding and retrieval relies on prior learning of thousands of specific «chunks» of information. However, these theories neglect the role of high-level knowledge that is more abstract than the perceptual chunk. We investigated the role of high-level information in skilled chess memory in three experiments
The Impact of World Cup 2002 on the Bilateral Relationship Between South Korea and Japan

The purpose of this study was to provide an analysis of an international sporting event as a possible catalyst for social change. Because of the unique circumstances surrounding the bid process, the dual hosting of the World Cup 2002 by Korea and Japan was seen as a unique opportunity to examine the power of sport as a catalyst behind change. Longitudinal secondary data were consulted to look at the economic, social and cultural impact of the event, while interviews with respondents in both nations gave more insight on how the respondents viewed the relationship between the two nations. Economic, social and cultural indicators all reflected an impact of the World Cup on the bilateral relationship. The interviews suggested that there were two main barriers to an improved relationship between the two nations (Victim mentality of the Korean toward the Japanese, Lack of awareness of Korea in Japan), and that it was not necessarily the organization of the event that alleviated these barriers, but the performan.
Conceptual and Operational Problems in the Measurement of Various Aspects of Job Satisfaction.

Some of the various concepts and operations that have been suggested for the measurement of job satisfaction are introduced. An effort is made to explore the conceptual and operational relationships between overall job satisfaction, level of aspiration, level of attainment, and level of importance. In particular, note is taken of inappropriate ways in which these three latter concepts have been combined. Finally, a conceptual framework is suggested as a guide to the most appropriate methods of combination. The concept of job satisfaction is a manyfaceted one. Although some students see it as a generalized affective orientation to all aspects of the work situation (Vroom, 1964, p. 99), it is clear that such a view expresses the resultant of a whole host of orientations to specific aspects of the job. The respondent, in filling out a measure of general attitude (such as the Brayfield-Rothe, 1951, scale) or in taking an action such as terminating his employment with the organization, is balancing in some complex way the pros and cons of his present job. Students have been quick to realize this and have developed measures that tap various aspects of the job (work itself, supervision, peers, working conditions, and so on). In addition, some have gone further to try to tap the more basic dimensions of a worker's responses about his level of satisfaction of various psychological needs (physiological, safety, social, ego, and self-actualization). At the outset, some of the different aspects of job satisfaction should be denned in an attempt to provide a consistent vocabulary for use in this paper. 1. The measurement of overall satisfaction. As suggested above, this represents a generalized affective orientation to all aspects of
Reading Acceleration Program: A Schoolwide Intervention.

This article shares the research-based instructional techniques used in a reading program (Reading Acceleration Program, or RAP) in a school in which the majority of the students were English-language learners and came from low-income families. In this model, special education and general education teachers collaborated in order to intervene on behalf of struggling readers, both identified special education students and low-performing general education students. Fluency training using cassette-taped selections from grade-level literature books was a key component of the program. Aspects of the traditional neurological impress method were employed in the fluency training. Phonemic awareness, music, rhythm, and fun were other major components of RAP. Participating students showed gains in reading skills as demonstrated by scaled score results on California Achievement Tests and on school-based assessments.
Understanding resistance: an analysis of discourses in academic staff development

Using social realist theory and critical discourse analysis, this article examines a number of discourses which construct academic staff attitudes to teaching and learning in their disciplines. It seeks to explain academics' resistance to engaging in activities aimed at professionalising academic practice. The research described in the article identified four overarching sets of discourses – disciplinary, student deficit, skills and performativity – which represent contradictory positions to academic staff development activities. Understanding this resistance might enable institutions to create ideational contexts in which these discourses, which have a constraining influence, can be critiqued and possibly replaced by discourses which create enabling conditions for staff development activities in higher education.
Youth Perspectives on Risk and Resiliency

The present work seeks to contribute to studies of cross-cultural risk and resiliency by presenting results from qualitative research with adolescents attending programs for at-risk youth in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. In 1990, Brazil introduced the Child and Adolescent Act (ECA), a significant piece of legislation that has had a direct impact on how at-risk youth are conceptualized both nationally and locally, through programs that target them. Little, however, is known about how youth in Brazil understand risk behaviors, what factors they believe contribute to risk taking or what they believe promotes resiliency. Furthermore, virtually no qualitative information exists on adolescents who are engaged in programs that use ECA as a prioritizing principle. By examining adolescent perspectives on risk and resiliency in such a context, we highlight the cultural differences in how youth negotiate their daily lives and the implications that continued exclusion of youth has on Brazilian society.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Risk in Two Prospective Studies

Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) may be modified by mitochondria in response to oxidative stress. Previously, mtDNA CN was associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk, particularly chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). We conducted a replication study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) study and pooled with published ATBC (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene) data. Methods: In PLCO, 292 NHL cases (95 CLL/SLL cases) and 301 controls were pooled with 142 NHL cases (47 CLL/SLL cases) and 142 controls from ATBC. Subjects answered a questionnaire and provided blood. DNA was extracted from prediagnostic peripheral white blood, and mtDNA CN assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Unconditional logistic regression estimated mtDNA CN and NHL risk by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Greater mtDNA CN was associated with increased risk of CLL/SLL among males in PLCO (3rd vs. 1st tertile: OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.03–4.72; Ptrend: 0.049) and pooled (T3 vs. T1: OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.72–5.68; Ptrend: 0.0002). Association was stronger among male smokers (Ptrend: <0.0001) and essentially identical for cases diagnosed <6, >6–8, and >8 years from blood draw (pooled: Pinteraction: 0.65). mtDNA CN and risk of other NHL subtypes and multiple myeloma showed no association. Conclusions and Impact: Mitochondrial DNA CN was associated with risk of CLL/SLL in males/male smokers. The risk was observed among cases diagnosed as long as 8 years after blood draw. These results suggest that higher mtDNA CN may reflect a process involved in CLL/SLL development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 148–53. ©2014 AACR.
Image‐directed color Doppler ultrasonography of kidney in systemic lupus nephritis

We evaluated intrarenal arterial waveforms with image‐directed color Doppler ultrasonography in 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The systolic–diastolic ratio, resistive index, and pulsatility index were compared with serum creatinine levels, creatinine clearance, and quantitation of urinary protein excretion, as well as with histopathologic scores of specimens obtained from 9 patients who underwent renal biopsy. Doppler parameters were in the normal ranges in all patients, without showing significant correlation with any of the histopathologic scores or laboratory parameters except creatinine levels. We conclude that image‐directed color Doppler ultrasonography is of no practical value in the evaluation of lupus nephritis during the early stages of the disease. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Testing for recombinant human erythropoietin in urine: problems associated with current anti-doping testing.

BACKGROUND the main action of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. To prevent a possible misuse of rHuEpo, this is tested in urine samples collected from athletes by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories. Recently the test has met serious critiques, and the aims of the present study were to investigate the detection power of the test as well as the variability in the test power comparing the results of two WADA-accredited laboratories. METHODS eight human subjects were studied for 7 wk and treated with rHuEpo for 4 wk with 2 wk of "boosting" followed by 2 wk of "maintenance" and a post period of 3 wk. Urine samples were obtained during all periods. RESULTS laboratory A determined rHuEpo misuse in all subjects during the boosting period, whereas laboratory B found no misuse, with one sample to be negative, and the remaining seven to be suspicious. The detection rates decreased throughout the maintenance and post period when total hemoglobin mass and exercise performance were elevated. During this period, laboratory A found only two of 24 samples to be positive and three to be suspicious, and laboratory B found no positive or suspicious samples. CONCLUSION this study demonstrates a poor agreement in test results comparing two WADA-accredited laboratories. Moreover, after the initial rHuEpo boosting period the power to detect rHuEpo misuse during the maintenance and post periods appears minimal.
Disposable Cameras, Humour and Children's Abilities

This was a two-phase qualitative study that investigated the humorous aspects of humorous photographs young children took in their school and home environment, which were examined in the context of the theory of the absurd and the empowerment theory. The participants in the study were six children — three boys and three girls — between the ages of four years, eight months and five years, eight months. During phase one, the children were given a disposable camera and were asked to take photographs of whatever they considered humorous and made them laugh in their school and home environment. Semi-structured interviews and the photographs were the main data sources. During the interviews, the children described the photographs and reasoned about their funniness. After six months, during phase two, the children revisited their humorous photographs and talked about them. This study asserts that kindergartners' humour definitions as presented in their photographs can be regarded within the framework of the two theories. More specifically, the children refer to incongruity, something out of the ordinary (a cognitive process), and act as social agents utilising relationships within their social milieu to produce and appreciate humour (communities of practice). The use of a camera is considered as a creative and empowering tool which involves children in research.
Advances in active-feedback frequency compensation with power optimization and transient improvement

This paper presents a low-power stability strategy to significantly reduce the power consumption of a three-stage amplifier using active-feedback frequency compensation (AFFC). The bandwidth of the amplifier can also be enhanced. Simulation results verify that the power dissipation of the AFFC amplifier is reduced by 43% and the bandwidth is improved by 32.5% by using the proposed stability strategy. In addition, a dynamic feedforward stage (DFS), which can be embedded into the AFFC amplifier to improve the transient responses without consuming extra power, is proposed. Implemented in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process, experimental results show that both AFFC amplifiers with and without DFS achieve almost the same small-signal performances while the amplifier with DFS improves both the negative slew rate and negative 1% settling time by two times.
Within-Family Dynamics and Self-Regulation in Preschoolers

Separate research lines have stressed the importance of within-family dynamics on the one hand and self-regulation on the other hand for the development and stability of problem behavior in young children. Few empirical studies have directly addressed the relation between family processes and temperament. However, recent studies point towards the importance of person x environment interactions in the prediction of developmental outcomes. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the interplay of within-family dynamics and self-regulation in preschoolers. Family processes (parenting and coparenting) are found to be associated with self-regulation. Coparenting, i.e. the quality of coordination between adults in their roles as parents, is shown to predict self-regulation over and above parenting behaviors. In addition, interactions are found between family processes and self-regulation in the prediction of externalizing problem behavior.