Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficits in metacognitive monitoring in mathematics assessments in learners with autism spectrum disorder

Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder have been found to have deficits in metacognition that could impact upon their learning. This study explored metacognitive monitoring in 28 (23 males and 5 females) participants with autism spectrum disorder and 56 (16 males and 40 females) typically developing controls who were being educated at the same level. Participants were asked a series of mathematics questions. Based upon previous research, after each question they were asked two metacognitive questions: (1) whether they thought they had got the answer correct or not (or ‘don’t know’) and (2) whether they meant to get the answer correct or not (or ‘don’t know’). Participants with autism spectrum disorder were significantly more likely than the typically developing group to erroneously think that they had got an incorrect answer correct. Having made an error, those with autism spectrum disorder were also significantly more likely to report that they had meant to make the error. Different patterns in the types of errors made were also identified between the two groups. Deficits in metacognition were identified for the autism spectrum disorder group in the learning of mathematics. This is consistent with metacognitive research from different contexts and the implications for supporting learning in autism spectrum disorder are discussed.
Topical structure discovery in folksonomies

In recent years social bookmarking systems (tagging systems) became one of the highly popular applications on the Internet. The main idea of social bookmarking is to organize content in a loose fashion by allowing users to completely freely annotate content. This work presents a way of combining the information retrieval (IR), Semantic Web and social web approaches of searching the Web by including general topic categories as a part of tagging systems. In this way semantic and social web are presented in a unified framework of search and indexing content. The work also shows a way of ontology learning by creating a hierarchical network of tag associations. This network is created using association rules discovery. In order to enhance these networks, IR search engine results are used to evaluate relevance of resources to a given topic. Networks of association, created by application of a modified Apriori algorithm, are evaluated with topic networks from the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org).
Risk factors for subsequent cervicovaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the protective role of antibodies to HPV-16 virus-like particles.

A high incidence of initial infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) was previously reported in a cohort of 608 women monitored at 6-month intervals for 3 years. Risk factors for subsequent infections with different HPV types and whether antibodies against HPV-16 virus-like particles (VLPs) protected against these infections were examined. Subsequent infections with HPV are very common. Seventy percent of women acquired a different HPV type within 24 months of the initial infection. Risk factors included being nonwhite, having an increased number of male sex partners, and having had a new male sex partner. Use of oral contraceptive pills was protective. A sustained high level of IgG antibody to HPV-16 VLPs was associated with reduced risk for subsequent infection with HPV-16 and its genetically related types (i.e., HPV-31, -33, -35, -52, and -58).
Absorption Properties and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei

Context. Aims. Intrinsic absorption is a fundamental physical property to understand the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN). H ere a sample of 1290 AGN, selected in the 2–10 keV band from di fferent flux-limited surveys with very high optical identifica tion completeness is studied. Methods. The AGN are grouped into two classes, unabsorbed (type-1) an d absorbed (type-2), depending on their optical spectrosco pic classification and X–ray absorption properties, using hard ness ratios. Utilizing the optical to X–ray flux ratios, a rou gh correction for the∼ 8% redshift incompleteness still present in the sample is ap plied. Then the fraction of absorbed sources is determined a s a function of X-ray luminosity and redshift. Results. A strong decrease of the absorbed fraction with X-ray lumino sity is found. This can be represented by an almost linear decrease from∼ 80% to∼ 20% in the luminosity range log L X=42–46 and is consistent with similar derivations in the opti cal and MIR bands. Several methods are used to study a possible evolu tion of the absorption fraction. A significant increase of th e absorbed fraction with redshift is found, which can be described by a p ower law with a slope∼ (1+ z)0.62±0.11, saturating at a redshift of z ∼2. A simple power law fit∼ (1+ z)0.48±0.08 over the whole redshift iis also marginally consistent with the data. Conclusions. The variation of the AGN absorption with luminosity and reds hift is described with higher statistical accuracy and smaller systematic errors than previous results. The findin gs have important consequences for the broader context of AG N and galaxy co-evolution. Here it is proposed that the cosmic downsizin g in the AGN population is due to two di fferent feeding mechanisms: a fast process of merger driven accretion at high luminosities and high redshifts versus a slow process of gas accretion from gr avitational instabilities in galactic disks rebuilding around pre-for med bulges and black holes.
Analysis and Optimization of Diagonally Layered Lattice Codes for MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels

A class of space-time block codes is proposed and optimized for the quasi-static multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channel. These codes use single-input single-output (SISO) component codes based on algebraic number theory in a diagonally layered architecture, and are hence referred to as diagonally layered lattice (DLL) codes. A salient feature of the DLL codes is that they have nearly full rate and a lower decoding complexity than other existing full rate codes, and yet they guarantee a high diversity order. The idea of code design advocated here differs from that of the prevalent code design methods which sacrifice rate for reduction in decoding complexity in that it makes a more judicious trade-off between rate, performance and complexity. Based on a pairwise error probability analysis, it is shown that the diversity order of the frame error probability (FEP) of the proposed codes decoded via the zero forcing filter is NK K(K 1)=2 in aN receive andK transmit antenna system withN K. The error probability analysis also yields design criteria which are then used to find optimal transmit power allocations and good SISO component codes. A novel soft decision feedback decoder is proposed to mitigate error propagation. It is shown that in spite of the much lower decoding complexity, the FEP performance of the DLL codes for moderate-to-high spectral efficiencies and a wide range of SNRs is generally close to the performance offered by the best performing space-time block codes (STBCs) known to date. Furthermore, for MIMO systems with a low decoding complexity constraint, it is shown that the DLL codes proposed in this paper significantly outperform existing STBCs.
ABACUS, a direct method for protein NMR structure computation via assembly of fragments

The ABACUS algorithm obtains the protein NMR structure from unassigned NOESY distance restraints. ABACUS works as an integrated approach that uses the complete set of available NMR experimental information in parallel and yields spin system typing, NOE spin pair identities, sequence specific resonance assignments, and protein structure, all at once. The protocol starts from unassigned molecular fragments (including single amino acid spin systems) derived from triple‐resonance 1H/13C/15N NMR experiments. Identifications of connected spin systems and NOEs precede the full sequence specific resonance assignments. The latter are obtained iteratively via Monte Carlo‐Metropolis and/or probabilistic sequence selections, molecular dynamics structure computation and BACUS filtering ( A. Grishaev and M. Llinás, J Biomol NMR 2004;28:1–10 ). ABACUS starts from scratch, without the requirement of an initial approximate structure, and improves iteratively the NOE identities in a self‐consistent fashion. The procedure was run as a blind test on data recorded on mth1743, a 70‐amino acid genomic protein from M. thermoautotrophicum. It converges to a structure in ca. 15 cycles of computation on a 3‐GHz processor PC. The calculated structures are very similar to the ones obtained via conventional methods (1.22 Å backbone RMSD). The success of ABACUS on mth1743 further validates BACUS as a NOESY identification protocol. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On analyticity of static vacuum metrics at non-degenerate horizons

We show that static metrics solving vacuum Einstein equations (possibly with a cosmological constant) are one-sided analytic at non-degenerate Killing horizons. We further prove analyticity in a two-sided neighborhood of "bifurcate horizons". It is a pleasure to dedicate this work to Prof. Staruszkiewicz, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Quick, Easy Mindset Intervention Can Boost Academic Achievement in Large Introductory Psychology Classes

Having a growth mindset has been shown to predict better academic performance in a variety of educational settings. Efforts to instill a growth mindset through educational interventions have demonstrated positive effects on academic success. However, many of the interventions previously tested are relatively time intensive and costly for some instructors at large research-intensive institutions. In this study, we find that a quick and easy mindset intervention can produce some gains in academic performance. This intervention involved no class time, little prep-work, and was easily disseminated to a 300-student Introductory Psychology lecture. Participants (N = 278) were randomly assigned to receive a growth mindset, fixed mindset, or control letter from their instructor after their first midterm exam. Nine weeks post-intervention, participants were given a manipulation check to see who read and remembered their letter’s message. Of participants who passed the manipulation check (N = 86), those in the growth mindset condition outperform their fixed mindset counterparts by as much as 9%.
Selecting differentially expressed genes for colon tumor classification

DNA microarrays provide a new technique of measuring gene expression, which has attracted a lot of research interest in recent years. It was suggested that gene expression data from microarrays (biochips) can be employed in many biomedical areas, e.g., in cancer classification. Although several, new and existing, methods of classification were tested, a selection of proper (optimal) set of genes, the expressions of which can serve during classification, is still an open problem. Recently we have proposed a new recursive feature replacement (RFR) algorithm for choosing a suboptimal set of genes. The algorithm uses the support vector machines (SVM) technique. In this paper we use the RFR method for finding suboptimal gene subsets for tumor/normal colon tissue classification. The obtained results are compared with the results of applying other methods recently proposed in the literature. The comparison shows that the RFR method is able to find the smallest gene subset (only six genes) that gives no misclassifications in leave-one-out cross-validation for a tumor/normal colon data set. In this sense the RFR algorithm outperforms all other investigated methods.
Structural Brain Changes following Long-Term 6° Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest as an Analog for Spaceflight

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Following long-term spaceflight, a subset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts present with visual impairment and increased intracranial pressure, known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome. We investigated structural brain changes following long-term head-down tilt bed rest as a spaceflight analog. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volumetric analysis was performed on structural pre- and post–bed rest brain MR images. RESULTS: Comparing post–bed rest to pre–bed rest images, we found the following: 1) no significant group differences in GM, WM, CSF, or ventricular volumes; 2) shift of the center of mass of the brain upward and posterior rotation of the brain relative to the skull; 3) a significant correlation between posterior brain rotation and changes in ventricular volume; and 4) significant increases in brain tissue density in regions at the vertex, including the frontoparietal lobes, with contraction of adjacent extra-axial CSF spaces, and significant decreases in tissue density in areas along the base of the brain, including the orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: We observed widespread morphologic changes with brain tissue redistribution in response to gravity changes; possible associated functional changes are unknown. The observation that ventricular change is correlated to posterior brain rotation suggests an alteration in CSF homeostasis. Ultimately, to elucidate any structural changes that may play a role in visual impairment and intracranial pressure syndrome, volumetric analysis of pre- and postflight structural scans of astronauts is needed.
Composition of quasi‐stationary solar wind flows from Ulysses/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer

Using improved, self-consistent analysis techniques, we determine the average solar wind charge state and elemental composition of nearly 40 ion species of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe observed with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on Ulysses. We compare results obtained during selected time periods, including both slow solar wind and fast streams, concentrating on the quasi-stationary flows away from recurrent or intermittent disturbances such as corotating interaction regions or coronal mass ejections. In the fast streams the charge state distributions are consistent with a single freezing-in temperature for each element, whereas in the slow wind these distributions appear to be composed of contributions from a range of temperatures. The elemental composition shows the well-known first ionization potential (FIP) bias of the solar wind composition with respect to the photosphere. However, it appears that our average enrichment factor of low-FIP elements in the slow wind, not quite a factor of 3, is smaller than that in previous compilations. In fast streams the FIP bias is found to be yet smaller but still significantly above 1, clearly indicating that the FIP fractionation effect is also active beneath coronal holes from where the fast wind originates. This imposes basic requirements upon FIP fractionation models, which should reproduce the stronger and more variable low-FIP bias in the slow wind and a weaker (and perhaps conceptually different) low-FIP bias in fast streams. Taken together, these results firmly establish the fundamental difference between the two quasi-stationary solar wind types.
Novel Wideband DOA Estimation Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning With Dirichlet Process Priors

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods based on joint sparsity are attractive due to their superiority of high resolution with a limited number of snapshots. However, the common assumption that signals from different directions share the spectral band is inappropriate when they occupy different bands. To flexibly deal with this situation, a novel wideband DOA estimation algorithm is proposed to simultaneously infer the band occupation and estimate high-resolution DOAs by leveraging the sparsity in the angular domain. The band occupation is exploited by exerting a Dirichlet process (DP) prior over the latent parametric space. Moreover, the proposed method is extended to deal with the off-grid problem by two schemes. One applies a linear approximation to the true dictionary and infers the hidden variables and parameters by the variational Bayesian expectation-maximization (VBEM) in an integrated manner. The other is the separated scheme where DOA is refined by a postsearching procedure based on the reconstructed results. Since the proposed schemes can automatically partition the sub-bands into clusters according to their underlying occupation, more accurate DOA estimation can be achieved by using the measurements within one cluster. Results of comprehensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform other reported ones.
Fostering bilingual scientific writing through a systematic and purposeful code-switching pedagogical strategy

ABSTRACT English dominates as an international language for science and research. Consequently, this is the most widely used language in university bilingual (e.g. Spanish–English, Chinese–English, Swedish–English) science courses around the world. However, very little is known about how to foster bilingual scientific writing in these types of courses. This article describes the effect of a systematic and purposeful code-switching pedagogical strategy in fostering undergraduates’ bilingual scientific writing. Participants were 76 students (41 female and 35 male, 17–23 years old) enrolled in a university bilingual (Spanish–English) Biology course in Colombia. The data used in this analysis were derived from students’ argumentative written productions, and audio and video recordings. The findings show that this systematic and purposeful code-switching pedagogical strategy was not only a useful basis for promoting students’ bilingual scientific writing but also a valuable way for students to gain confidence in their foreign language written skills.
Nonarchimedean geometry of Witt vectors

Abstract Let R be a perfect 𝔽-algebra equipped with the trivial norm. Let W(R) be the ring of p-typical Witt vectors over R equipped with the p-adic norm. At the level of nonarchimedean analytic spaces (in the sense of Berkovich), we demonstrate a close analogy between W(R) and the polynomial ring R[T] equipped with the Gauss norm, in which the role of the structure morphism from R to R[T] is played by the Teichmüller map. For instance, we show that the analytic space associated to R is a strong deformation retract of the space associated to W(R). We also show that each fiber forms a tree under the relation of pointwise comparison, and we classify the points of fibers in the manner of Berkovich’s classification of points of a nonarchimedean disk. Some results pertain to the study of p-adic representations of étale fundamental groups of nonarchimedean analytic spaces (i.e., relative p-adic Hodge theory).
APHID Game-Tree Search

This paper introduces the APHID (Asynchronous Parallel Hierarchical Iterative Deepening) game-tree search algorithm. An APHID search is controlled by a master and a series of slave processors. The master searches the rst d 0 ply of the game-tree repeatedly. The slaves are responsible for the bottom plies of the game-tree. The slaves asynchronously read work lists from the master and return score information to the master. The master uses the returned score information to generate approximate minimax values, until all of the required score information is available. APHID has been programmed as an easy to implement, game-independent library, and was implemented into a chess program with one day of programming eeort. APHID yields reasonable performance on a network of workstations, an architecture where it is extremely diicult to use a shared transposition table eefectively.
Unfinished business: the impact of single nurse clinics on the delivery of Primary Health Care in remote communities

ABSTRACT Objective: This study explored the likely impact of changing single remote area nurse (RAN) clinics to two nurse clinics in remote Australia- particularly in Queensland which is one of the last States in Australia to make this change. There is an extremely high turnover rate of remote area nurses (RANs) coupled with poor health outcomes in isolated communities of Australia means these communities are disadvantaged when compared to regional & metropolitan regions. The study found RANs believe that if isolated community clinics have two RANs rather than one, nurses would feel safer, suffer less burnout and be better able to provide adequate primary health care. Design: A Triangular cross sectional two stage process of data collection with typical case sampling was utilized for the study including; i) a mail-out to all CRANA nurses, ii) in depth interviews with RANs Participants: Remote area nurses working in small isolated (often Indigenous) communities throughout Australia. Results: respondents indicated that in single nurse clinics they often feel unsafe and unable to provide the level of care required Conclusions: Staffing current single nurse clinics with two or more nurses will improve RAN’s ability to provide appropriate Primary Health Care. It would also impact on recruitment and retention of RANs in isolated practice and help improve health seeking behaviours and health outcomes in remote communities.
Determinants of Agricultural Growth in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand

The introduction of new high-yielding varieties of cereals in the 1960s, known as the green revolution. Changed dramatically the food supply I Asia, as well as in other countries. The authors examine over an extended period, the growth consequences for agriculture in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Despite geographic proximity, similar climate, and other shared characteristics, gains in productivity, and income differed significantly among the countries. The authors quantify these differences, and examine their determinants. They find that the new technology changed the returns to fertilizers, irrigated land, and capital, all of which proved scarce to varying degrees, Complementing technology-related changes in factor use were investments - public and private - driven in part by policy. The authors find that factor accumulation played an important role in output growth, and that accumulations from policy-driven investments in human capital, and public infrastructure, were important sources of productivity gains. They conclude that policies that ease constraints on factor markets, and promote public investment in people, and infrastructure, provide the best opportunities for agricultural growth.
Anticipated Therapist Absences: The Therapist’s Lens

ANTICIPATED THERAPIST ABSENCES: THE THERAPIST’S LENS Graham Knowlton, M.S. Marquette University, 2018 Over the course of a therapist’s career, absences from work are inevitable. Although therapist absences undoubtedly impact the therapy process, the topic has not received sufficient attention to produce helpful guidelines. Instead, clinicians looking to the literature for recommendations find less in peer-reviewed journals regarding therapist absences than they would if they were to turn to popular media geared toward a client audience (Barchat, 1988). This study sought to begin to remedy this research gap using a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) research design focusing on anticipated therapist absences. Ten therapists with at least two years of experience post-licensure were asked about their general thoughts and approach to absences and the training they had received regarding therapist absences. They were also asked to discuss in depth a time that they were absent during therapy with an individual, adult client, focusing on the period before, during, and after the absence, as well as its overall impact. Participants reported generally receiving minimal or no formal supervision or training regarding therapist absences, and experiencing emotional distress when thinking about absences as a whole. When asked about specific absences, however, participants reported experiencing more positive than negative emotions, creating a plan with the client, and generally achieving positive outcomes. Implications are discussed, including recommendations for training, clinical work, and future research.