Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental and Gender Differences in Preadolescents' Judgments of the Veracity of Gossip

Hypothetical vignettes were used to examine 384 preadolescents' understanding of gossip in varying circumstances. Children correctly labeled talk about nonpresent others as gossip and considered it inappropriate. Skepticism was higher for gossip than for firsthand information and was greatest in the presence of cues suggesting that speakers were unreliable or harbored ulterior motives. Surprisingly, skepticism of gossip decreased with age. Attributions for speakers' behavior were sensitive to subtle contextual cues, and in the absence of clear motives, children, particularly girls, were likely to assume that gossipers spread false information out of jealousy. Overall, preadolescents appear to have a relatively mature understanding of the limitations of gossip, treat gossip with skepticism, and judge harshly gossipers who spread false gossip.
Exploring managerial values in the changing Turkish business context

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore differences in managerial values in Turkey by relating them to the changing business context. Design/methodology/approach – The research delineates individual value differences between upper‐level managers and a group of MBA students who were approached through a questionnaire and in‐depth interviews. Findings – The basic findings support the view that workplace socialisation may affect individual values and practices. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this paper is its exploratory nature based on the small sample size of research. Practical implications – In the context of internationalization and rising competition within the economic space, change should be high on the agenda of the Turkish private sector in adapting to the shifts in business environment. This should incorporate professional training as well as strategic HR projects aiming to transform the existing structures biased toward paternalism. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the existing management literature by identifying critical value dilemmas facing Turkish businesses in today's turbulent and internationalized business environment.
Link Prediction Using BenefitRanks in Weighted Networks

Link prediction in weighted network is an important task in Social Network Analysis. This problem aims at determining missing links in weighted networks. By taking advantage of the weights and structural information of networks, a mechanism for rating nodes' authorities in terms of the value of weight, called Benefit Rank, is defined. This mechanism can flexibly collect different order neighbors' information of nodes to complete the rating authority process for each node in weighted networks. Using Benefit Rank combined with the Weak Ties theory, similarity measures are proposed to estimate the emergence of future relationships between nodes in weighted networks. Extensive experiments were carried out on four real weighted networks. Compared with existing methods, our methods can provide higher accuracy for link prediction in weighted networks.
Stocks of carbon and nitrogen and partitioning between above- and belowground pools in the Brazilian coastal Atlantic Forest elevation range

We estimated carbon and nitrogen stocks in aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) along an elevation range in forest sites located on the steep slopes of the Serra do Mar on the north coast of the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. In elevations of 100 m (lowland), 400 m (submontane), and 1000 m (montane) four 1-ha plots were established, and above- (live and dead) and belowground (live and dead) biomass were determined. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in each compartment were determined and used to convert biomass into carbon and nitrogen stocks. The carbon aboveground stock (CAGB) varied along the elevation range from approximately 110 to 150 Mg·ha−1, and nitrogen aboveground stock (NAGB), varied from approximately 1.0 to 1.9 Mg·ha−1. The carbon belowground stock (CBGB) and the nitrogen belowground stock (NBGB) were significantly higher than the AGB and varied along the elevation range from approximately 200–300 Mg·ha−1, and from 14 to 20 Mg·ha−1, respectively. Finally, the total carbon stock (CTOTAL) varied from approximately 320 to 460 Mg·ha−1, and the nitrogen total stock (NTOTAL) from approximately 15 to 22 Mg·ha−1. Most of the carbon and nitrogen stocks were found belowground and not aboveground as normally found in lowland tropical forests. The above- and belowground stocks, and consequently, the total stocks of carbon and nitrogen increased significantly with elevation. As the soil and air temperature also decreased significantly with elevation, we found a significantly inverse relationship between carbon and nitrogen stocks and temperature. Using this inverse relationship, we made a first approach estimate that an increase of 1°C in soil temperature would decrease the carbon and nitrogen stocks in approximately 17 Mg·ha−1 and 1 Mg·ha−1 of carbon and nitrogen, respectively.
Association of interleukin-1 α (–889) gene polymorphism in patients with generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Background: There is a strong evidence that genetic as well as environmental factors affect the age of onset, severity and lifetime risk of developing periodontitis. The objective of the present study was to compare and to evaluate the association between interleukin (IL)-1α(-889) and gene polymorphisms in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Indian patients, with 20 aggressive periodontitis, 20 chronic periodontitis and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this study. From each patient, a volume of 2 ml of blood was collected by venipuncture in the ante-cubital fossa and was stored in sodium EDTA vacutainers and was used for genotyping assays with the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index, gingival index and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated for each patient. Genotype distribution between different groups were analyzed using Chi-square test. A P = 0.05 or less was set for significance. Results: The mean oral hygiene index was 3.7 ± 0.86 and 3.25 ± 0.30 for chronic and aggressive periodontitis cases respectively. The CAL was 4.29 ± 0.63 mm for chronic periodontitis and 6.44 ± 0.57 mm for aggressive periodontitis. Homozygous genotype 2,2 was more predominant in cases of aggressive periodontitis whereas in chronic periodontitis, heterozygous genotype 1,2 was more predominant when compared with others (P < 0.001). Odds ratio for aggressive versus chronic periodontitis was calculated as 6.2 (95% confidence interval 6.019-7.892). Conclusion: The results of the present study support a positive association between aggressive periodontitis and the presence of the IL-1α-889, allele 2 polymorphism in Indian patients.
The effect of iron deficiency anemia on plasma thyroid hormone levels in childhood

Results: Gender and age distribution of the groups were not different, while mean birth and height values of the study group were lower than the control group (p<0.001). TT3 and TT4 values were also statistically lower in the study group (p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively). There was no difference between the groups in terms of fT4 and fT3 levels. There was a positive correlation between TT3 and ferritin and between TT3 and transferrin saturation levels.
Estimating Forest Aboveground Biomass by Combining ALOS PALSAR and WorldView-2 Data: A Case Study at Purple Mountain National Park, Nanjing, China

Enhanced methods are required for mapping the forest aboveground biomass (AGB) over a large area in Chinese forests. This study attempted to develop an improved approach to retrieving biomass by combining PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and WorldView-2 data. A total of 33 variables with potential correlations with forest biomass were extracted from the above data. However, these parameters had poor fits to the observed biomass. Accordingly, the synergies of several variables were explored to identify improved relationships with the AGB. Using principal component analysis and multivariate linear regression (MLR), the accuracies of the biomass estimates obtained using PALSAR and WorldView-2 data were improved to approximately 65% to 71%. In addition, using the additional dataset developed from the fusion of FBD (fine beam dual-polarization) and WorldView-2 data improved the performance to 79% with an RMSE (root mean square error) of 35.13 Mg/ha when using the MLR method. Moreover, a further improvement (R2 = 0.89, relative RMSE = 17.08%) was obtained by combining all the variables mentioned above. For the purpose of comparison with MLR, a neural network approach was also used to estimate the biomass. However, this approach did not produce significant improvements in the AGB estimates. Consequently, the final MLR model was recommended to map the AGB of the study area. Finally, analyses of estimated error in distinguishing forest types and vertical structures suggested that the RMSE decreases gradually from broad-leaved to coniferous to mixed forest. In terms of different vertical structures (VS), VS3 has a high error because the forest lacks undergrowth trees, while VS4 forest, which has approximately the same amounts of stems in each of the three DBH (diameter at breast height) classes (DBH > 20, 10 ≤ DBH ≤ 20, and DBH < 10 cm), has the lowest RMSE. This study demonstrates that the combination of PALSAR and WorldView-2 data is a promising approach to improve biomass estimation.
Long‐term temporal and spatial trends in eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea

Much of the Baltic Sea is currently classified as ‘affected by eutrophication’. The causes for this are twofold. First, current levels of nutrient inputs (nitrogen and phosphorus) from human activities exceed the natural processing capacity with an accumulation of nutrients in the Baltic Sea over the last 50–100 years. Secondly, the Baltic Sea is naturally susceptible to nutrient enrichment due to a combination of long retention times and stratification restricting ventilation of deep waters. Here, based on a unique data set collated from research activities and long‐term monitoring programs, we report on the temporal and spatial trends of eutrophication status for the open Baltic Sea over a 112‐year period using the HELCOM Eutrophication Assessment Tool (HEAT 3.0). Further, we analyse variation in the confidence of the eutrophication status assessment based on a systematic quantitative approach using coefficients of variation in the observations. The classifications in our assessment indicate that the first signs of eutrophication emerged in the mid‐1950s and the central parts of the Baltic Sea changed from being unaffected by eutrophication to being affected. We document improvements in eutrophication status that are direct consequences of long‐term efforts to reduce the inputs of nutrients. The reductions in both nitrogen and phosphorus loads have led to large‐scale alleviation of eutrophication and to a healthier Baltic Sea. Reduced confidence in our assessment is seen more recently due to reductions in the scope of monitoring programs. Our study sets a baseline for implementation of the ecosystem‐based management strategies and policies currently in place including the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directives and the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan.
A Life Cycle Model for Aboriginal Arts Performance in Tourism: Perspectives on Authenticity

This paper suggests a life cycle model for aboriginal arts performance in tourism related situations from the perspective of authenticity. It is proposed that aboriginal arts performance is subject to a change and potential revitalisation process which consists of five stages: (1) the primordial state; (2) increasing involvement; (3) situational adaptations; (4) revitalisation; and (5) management for change, conservation or decline. The paper also examines the existing literature concerning authenticity in the field of tourism. It is designed to help understand and manage the increasingly complex world in which aboriginal arts can decline, survive or change.
The high‐cooperation hospital project team

The authors analyze surveys completed by 181 members of 59 project teams from 57 hospitals. Results indicate that members of high‐cooperation teams were more likely to communicate informally; spend time brainstorming, exchanging project‐related information, and receiving performance feedback; positively evaluate the status of their project; and have positive feelings about their participation on the project team. Cooperation levels were highest when team leaders clearly explained project objectives and team member responsibilities; team leaders confronted conflicts among team members and worked to resolve those conflicts; team members clearly understood project objectives, responsibilities, and rewards; and team members did not have reservations about the project and its outcomes. Results also suggested that, in some groups, active involvement by senior managers negatively affected cooperation levels. This result may reflect a deference in some groups to the authority of senior management.
Joint Mode Selection and Power Allocation Scheme for Power-Efficient Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication

This paper proposes a power-efficient mode selection and power allocation scheme in device-to-device (D2D) communication system as an underlay coexistence with cellular networks. The proposed scheme is performed based on the exhaustive search of all possible mode combinations of the devices which consist of the mode indices for all devices in the system. Specifically, the proposed scheme consists of two steps. First, we calculate the optimal power with respect to the maximum power-efficiency for all possible modes of each device. Since the power-efficiency is not a concave function for the transmission power, we obtain the suboptimal solution by using the concavity of the lower and upper bound for the power-efficiency. The powerefficiencies for all possible modes of each device are obtained by the suboptimal power allocation in the first step. In the second step, we select a mode sequence which has the maximal power-efficiency among all possible mode combinations of the devices based on the obtained power-efficiencies in the first step. Then we can jointly obtain the suboptimal transmission power and the mode maximizing the power-efficiency. The proposed suboptimal scheme for the power allocation and mode selection performs close to the upper bound with respect to the power-efficiency. The simulation results also show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes with respect to the power-efficiency and system capacity.
Singular block Toeplitz matrix approximation and application to multi-microphone speech dereverberation

We consider the blind multichannel dereverberation problem for a single source. We have shown before [5] that the single-input multi-output (SIMO) reverberation filter can be equalized blindly by applying MIMO Linear Prediction (LP) to its output (after SISO input pre-whitening). In this paper, we investigate the LP-based dereverberation in a noisy environment, and/or under acoustic channel length underestimation. Considering ambient noise and late reverberation as additive noises, we propose to introduce a postfilter that transforms the MIMO prediction filter into a somewhat longer equalizer. The postfilter allows to equalize to non-zero delay. Both MMSE-ZF and MMSE design criteria are considered here for the postfilter.We also focus here on computationally efficient (FFT based) block Toeplitz covariance matrix enhancement that enforces the SIMO filtered source plus white noise structure before applying MIMO LP. A second suggested refinement is an iterative refinement between SISO and MIMO LP. Simulations show that the proposed scheme is robust in noisy environments, and performs better compared to the classic Delay-&-Predict equalizer and the Delay-&-Sum beamformer.
Help-Seeking among Irish adolescents: Where Would they Turn?

This study set out to identify the sources of help Irish adolescents would be willing to access when distressed, and to investigate associations between participants' willingness to seek help and their emotional and behavioural difficulties. The participants were 1079 thirteenfifteen year old secondary school students. They completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997) and a specially designed measure assessing likelihood of seeking help from various sources, as part of the baseline assessment in an on-going evaluation of a school-based mental health promotion initiative. Results show that participants are most willing to seek help from informal sources when distressed, and males are significantly more likely than females to report that they would not seek help from any source. Greater reluctance to seek help is associated with increased difficulties for both males and females. Possible barriers to help seeking by adolescents are discussed.
Leading integrated schools: a study of the multicultural perspectives of Northern Irish principals

This article is concerned with the sustained peace education initiative of integrated schooling and in particular with leadership responses to cultural diversity. Using a case study group of principals of integrated (mixed Catholic, Protestant and other) schools in Northern Ireland, the author explores how principals perceive and lead their visions of integrated education. A combined framework of multicultural and school leadership theory is employed to analyse the findings. The perceptions of the principals reported are consistent with liberal interpretations of multiculturalism, although there is also evidence of a more pluralist perspective. Core liberal values appear to be central to the leadership style of these principals, in line with values‐led contingency models of leadership. The article suggests that a sole emphasis on common humanity is an inadequate approach to peace education. It tentatively suggests a relationship between leadership styles and approaches to multiculturalism, and argues that a synthesis of multicultural and leadership theory can usefully guide the development of peace education leadership.
Predatory Fish Select for Coordinated Collective Motion in Virtual Prey

Evolving Group Formation Grouping behavior in prey species has long been thought to constitute an adaptation against predation; however, it has been difficult to characterize the mechanisms by which predator selection shapes prey movement and grouping behavior. Using an approach that combines the selection imposed by a live predator, the bluegill sunfish, with manipulation of computer-generated “prey,” Ioannou et al. (p. 1212, published online 16 August; see the Perspective by Romey) show that “prey” that behave as a group are more likely to survive that those that move in other ways. Computer-generated prey evolve coordinated group behaviors when attacked by bluegill sunfish. Movement in animal groups is highly varied and ranges from seemingly disordered motion in swarms to coordinated aligned motion in flocks and schools. These social interactions are often thought to reduce risk from predators, despite a lack of direct evidence. We investigated risk-related selection for collective motion by allowing real predators (bluegill sunfish) to hunt mobile virtual prey. By fusing simulated and real animal behavior, we isolated predator effects while controlling for confounding factors. Prey with a tendency to be attracted toward, and to align direction of travel with, near neighbors tended to form mobile coordinated groups and were rarely attacked. These results demonstrate that collective motion could evolve as a response to predation, without prey being able to detect and respond to predators.
Politics and Mental Health: The Position of Clinical Psychology in South Africa

Clinical psychology in South Africa, with few exceptions, has been unresponsive to its socio-political context. Attempts by certain authors to make their work relevant to the South African context are examined. Their adherence to a non-critical, conservative ideology is suggested as a reason for the lack of a more powerful critical focus. It is argued that Apartheid (or the policy of racial segregation) adversely affects the mental well-being of most South Africans through its generation of stress situations unique to this society. It is further argued that clinical psychology cannot claim scientific or moral respectability as long as it continues to take an uncritical position. South African clinical psychologists can begin to remedy this situation through the development of appropriate research and training, as well as public pronouncement through their professional associations.
Hypertransaminasemia in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With Celiac Disease

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the proportion of pediatric patients with celiac disease (CD) who had transaminases obtained at diagnosis and to determine the proportion with hypertransaminasemia. Methods: Data from newly diagnosed patients with CD at Nationwide Children's Hospital from February 2007 to March 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) values at diagnosis and after initiation of a gluten-free diet (GFD) were assessed. Results: Of 388 patients (mean age 10.1 ± 4.4 years, 235 girls), 185 (47.7%) had transaminases obtained at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-eight of one hundred eighty-five (15.1%) had an elevated ALT and/or AST level with an average ALT 2.52 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and AST 1.87 × ULN. Those with hypertransaminasemia were younger than those with normal levels (6.31 ± 4.75 vs 11.00 ± 4.28 years, P < 0.0001). Sex, symptoms at diagnosis, and weight, height, and body mass index z scores were not predictive of elevated transaminases. Of the 21 patients with hypertransaminasemia at diagnosis who had repeat laboratory test results after starting the GFD, 15 (71.4%) normalized whereas 6 (28.6%) remained elevated. Conclusions: There is variation in practice among pediatric gastroenterologists in the assessment of transaminases in children with CD. Hypertransaminasemia is present at diagnosis in a significant proportion of children with CD although at a lower frequency than previously reported. Younger patients are more likely to have an elevation in transaminases. Abnormal transaminases normalize in the majority of patients within 1 year after initiation of a GFD.
Creative experiences, memorability and revisit intention in creative tourism

The objective of this study was to identify hypothesised relationships among creative experiences, memorability, and revisit intentions in creative tourism. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was adopted and 399 valid questionnaires were collected in the pottery town of Yingge in Taiwan. The results show significantly positive relationships among creative experiences, memorability, and revisit intentions. Structural equation modelling analysis verified that memorability fully mediated the effect of creative experiences on revisit intentions. The study suggests that memorability may be a more appropriate predictor to revisit intentions, particularly in the case of creative activities.