Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide metabolism by gastric glands and H(+)-K(+)-ATPase-enriched membranes.

alpha-Toxin-permeabilized gastric glands represent a functional model in which acid secretion can be elicited by either adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or ATP, with proven morphological and functional transition between resting and secretory states [X. Yao, S. M. Karam, M. Ramilo, Q. Rong, A. Thibodeau, and J. G. Forte. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C61-C73, 1996. ] In this study we use alpha-toxin-permeabilized rabbit gastric glands to study energy metabolism and the interplay between nucleotides to support acid secretion, as indicated by the accumulation of aminopyrine (AP). When permeabilized glands were treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, the secretory response to cAMP was inhibited, whereas the secretory response to ATP was potentiated. This implied that 1) ATP provided support not only as an energy source but also as substrate for adenylate cyclase, 2) activation of acid secretion by cAMP needed ATP, and 3) ATP and cAMP exchanged rapidly inside parietal cells. To address these issues, we tested the action of adenine nucleotides in the presence and absence of oxidizable substrates. All adenine nucleotides, including AMP, ADP, ATP, and cAMP, could individually enhance the glandular AP accumulation in the presence of substrates, whereas only a high concentration of ATP (5 mM) was able to support secretory activity in substrate-free buffer. Moreover, ATP could maintain 75-80% of maximal secretory activity in phosphate-free buffer; cAMP alone could not support secretion in phosphate-free buffer. In glands and in H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase-rich gastric microsomes, we showed the operation of adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, and ATP/ADP exchange activities. These enzymes, together with endogenous adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase, provide the recycling of nucleotides essential for the viability of alpha-toxin-permeabilized gastric glands and imply the importance of nucleotide recycling for energy metabolism in intact parietal cells.
“Everybody watches and everybody comments”

Abstract “Obese” individuals encounter a pervasive stigma. How obese individuals conceptualize their relationships to food and navigate their eating behaviors, within this stigmatizing context, must be explored. This article discusses findings from an ethnographic, critical obesity study undertaken in a mid-size urban center. Participants described contingent, fluctuating, and regularly onerous relationships with food within a context of often marginalizing discourse and social interplay. All participants (n = 15) spoke of the importance of health and food; however, participants’ interactions with, and conceptualizations of, food were contingent on (1) personal weight history; (2) current weight status and goals; and (3) discursive and contextual exposures. Participants conceptualized weight as dependent on the widely disseminated energy balance model. For those maintaining lost weight, food was an ever-present source of enticement and anxiety. Their emotionally laden encounters with food frequently affected their social interactions. Participants often felt censured when consuming food publicly, and food was a constant source of temptation and potential exclusion in social situations. Participants hoping to lose weight loss often internalized orthodox obesity messaging, and conceptualized their consumption as an “addiction,” a “comfort,” or a medicalized or psychological condition. In contrast, individuals who had experienced disordered eating and been exposed to the Health-at-Every-Size (HAES) movement strove to adopt alternate viewpoints on food. These individuals endeavored to remake their relationships with food in a positive manner, emphasizing pleasure, variety, or models of healthy eating, and referenced the dangers of dieting as regards metabolism. Overall, encounters with food were complex and involved managing numerous discursive influences to cope with stigma.
NO Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Under High Salt May Depend on EIN3 Protein in Arabidopsis

The gas molecule nitric oxide (NO) can cooperate with ethylene to tightly modulate plant growth and stress responses. One of the mechanism of their crosstalk is that NO is able to activate ethylene biosynthesis, possibly through post-translational modification of key enzymes such as ACC synthase and oxidase by S-nitrosylation. In this paper, we focus on the crosstalk of NO with ethylene signaling transduction transcription factor EIN3 (Ethylene Insensitive 3) and downstream gene expression in alleviating germination inhibition and growth damage induced by high salt. The Arabidopsis lines affected in ethylene signaling (ein3eil1) and NO biosynthesis (nia1nia2) were employed to compare with the wild-type Col-0 and overexpressing line EIN3ox. Firstly, the obviously inhibited germination, greater ratio of bleached leaves and enhanced electrolyte leakage were found in ein3eil1 and nia1nia2 lines than in Col-0 plants upon high salinity. However, the line EIN3ox obtained a notably elevated ability to germinate and improved seedling resistance. The experiment with SNP alone or plus high salt mostly enhanced the expression of EIN3 transcripts, compared with ACO4 and ACS2. The western blot and transcript analysis found that high-salt-induced EIN3 stabilization and EIN3 transcripts were largely attenuated in the NO biogenesis mutant nia1nia2 plants than in Col-0 ones. This observation was confirmed by simulation experiments with NO scavenger cPTIO to block NO emission. Taken together, our study provides insights that NO promotes seed germination and seedlings growth under salinity may depend on EIN3 protein.
On a Sumset Problem for Integers

Let $A$ be a finite set of integers. We show that if $k$ is a prime power or a product of two distinct primes then \[ |A+k\cdot A|\geq(k+1)|A|-\lceil k(k+2)/4\rceil \] provided $|A|\geq (k-1)^{2}k! $, where $A+k\cdot A=\{a+kb:\ a,b\in A\}$. We also establish the inequality $|A+4\cdot A|\geq5|A|-6 $ for $|A|\geq5$.
The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales

Murder, mutilation, cannibalism, infanticide, and incest: the darker side of classic fairy tales figures as the subject matter for this intriguing study of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm's Nursery and Household Tales. This updated and expanded second edition includes a new preface and an appendix containing new translations of six tales, along with commentary by Maria Tatar. Throughout the book, Tatar skillfully employs the tools not only of a psychoanalyst but also of a folklorist, literary critic, and historian to examine the harsher aspects of these stories. She presents new interpretations of the powerful stories in this worldwide best-selling book. Few studies have been written in English on these tales, and none has probed their allegedly happy endings so thoroughly.
Spherical Hecke algebras for Kac-Moody groups over local fields

We define the spherical Hecke algebra H for an almost split Kac-Moody group G over a local non-archimedean field. We use the hovel I associated to this situation, which is the analogue of the Bruhat-Tits building for a reductive group. The stabilizer K of a special point on the standard apartment plays the role of a maximal open compact subgroup. We can define H as the algebra of K-bi-invariant functions on G with almost finite support. As two points in the hovel are not always in a same apartment, this support has to be in some large subsemigroup G+ of G. We prove that the structure constants of H are polynomials in the cardinality of the residue field, with integer coefficients depending on the geometry of the standard apartment. We also prove the Satake isomorphism between H and the algebra of Weyl invariant elements in some completion of a Laurent polynomial algebra. In particular, H is always commutative. Actually, our results apply to abstract "locally finite" hovels, so that we can define the spherical algebra with unequal parameters.
Coping with negative life events in old age: The role of tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment

Objective: This study examines the relationships between negative life events and tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA), two fundamental modes of self-regulation suggested by Brandtstädter, and their effects on mental health. Methods: TGP/FGA, negative life events and depression were assessed in 670 elderly people living in the community. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to examine the effects of the two self-regulation modes and negative life events on depression. Results: Findings demonstrate the role of TGP and FGA in coping with negative life events. While both FGA and TGP were related to depression, FGA was found to have beneficial effects for the participants who had encountered negative life events. With age, people become less tenacious, but no conclusive relationship was found between flexibility and age. Discussion: Our findings support the importance of both modes of coping for the mental health of older adults. In particular, the ability to adjust goals was shown to be critical as a way of preventing the development of depressive symptoms following negative life events.
Learning to Execute

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory units (LSTM) are widely used because they are expressive and are easy to train. Our interest lies in empirically evaluating the expressiveness and the learnability of LSTMs in the sequence-to-sequence regime by training them to evaluate short computer programs, a domain that has traditionally been seen as too complex for neural networks. We consider a simple class of programs that can be evaluated with a single left-to-right pass using constant memory. Our main result is that LSTMs can learn to map the character-level representations of such programs to their correct outputs. Notably, it was necessary to use curriculum learning, and while conventional curriculum learning proved ineffective, we developed a new variant of curriculum learning that improved our networks' performance in all experimental conditions. The improved curriculum had a dramatic impact on an addition problem, making it possible to train an LSTM to add two 9-digit numbers with 99% accuracy.
Does Wealth Inequality Matter for Growth? The Effect of Billionaire Wealth, Income Distribution, and Poverty

A fundamental question in social sciences relates to the effect of wealth inequality on economic growth. Yet, in tackling the question, researchers have had to use income as a proxy for wealth. We derive a global measure of wealth inequality from Forbes magazine's listing of billionaires and compare its effect on growth to the effects of income inequality and poverty. We find that wealth inequality reduces economic growth, but when we control for the fact that some billionaires acquired wealth through political connections, the effect of politically connected wealth inequality is negative, while politically unconnected wealth inequality, income inequality, and initial poverty have no significant effect.
Epitope-Tagged L* Protein of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Is Expressed in the Central Nervous System in the Acute Phase of Infection

ABSTRACT TO subgroup strains of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) synthesize L* protein from an alternative initiation codon. We first demonstrated L* expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of TMEV-infected mice during the acute phase of infection by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti-L* antibody. In addition, we generated mutant viruses which synthesize FLAG or 3xFLAG epitope-tagged L* protein. With a mutant virus expressing 3xFLAG epitope-tagged L*, designated DA/3xFLAGL*, we investigated L* in the CNS in the acute phase of infection. DA/3xFLAGL* did not change the virus tropism in comparison with wild-type virus, and L* was clearly identified in the CNS in both susceptible and resistant strains of mice. Double immunolabeling studies showed that L* is colocalized with TMEV polyprotein and exclusively expressed in neurons.
Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review

High c-Met expression has been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its clinicopathological impact remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of c-Met overexpression in patients with HNSCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 16 studies, 1,948 patients with HNSCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with HNSCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression were significantly associated with higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.27–4.69, P < 0.00001) and higher T stage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.71, P = 0.03). In addition, patients with c-Met-high HNSCC showed significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.14, P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60, P = 0.0007) than those with c-Met-low tumor. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression is significantly associated with worse pathological features and prognosis, indicating c-Met overexpression is an adverse prognostic marker for patients with HNSCC.
Emotion Regulation and Cardiovascular Response to Emotion Provocation: Reappraisal versus Suppression

Emotion Regulation and Cardiovascular Response to Emotion Provocation: Reappraisal versus Suppression Casey E. Cavanagh Emotion regulation is a process through which individuals alter the subjective, behavioral and physiological responses to emotional experiences. Within the emotion regulation model, reappraisal and suppression are two strategies that have been studied extensively. However, this research has largely ignored the effects of individual differences in emotion regulation when examining reappraisal and suppression. The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in reappraisal and suppression (e.g., one’s preferred emotion regulation strategy) as well as examining the effects of instructional use of reappraisal and suppression. In the present study, participants, classified as habitual reappraisers and habitual suppressors, engaged in both reappraisal and suppression while viewing fear film clips. Measures of cardiovascular and affective responses to the film clips were obtained. A main effect of instructions was found for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP respectively) with the reappraisal instructions resulting in lower blood pressure (BP) values than the suppression instructions. No additional main effects for the other dependent measures were observed. In addition, no interaction effects of habitual-strategy use (habitual reappraisers and suppressors) by instructional set (reappraisal vs. suppression) were observed. The findings of a main effect of instructions for SBP and DBP are consistent with the literature in demonstrating that engagement in reappraisal produces lesser sympathetic activation as compared to engagement in suppression. The results demonstrate that reappraisal is associated with more positive cardiovascular benefits than suppression. These results extend previous work in demonstrating that the positive benefits of reappraisal are consistent when explored with an emotion that has received lesser attention in this literature (e.g., fear). Therefore, as this study and other recent studies have demonstrated, the effects of reappraisal appear to be consistent across negative emotions. This is a critical finding that increases the generalizability of reappraisal effects. Although habitual emotion regulation yielded no effects in the present study (as main effects or interacting with instructional set), low power limited detection of such effects. Future research is needed to examine the effect of habitual emotion regulation strategy on physiological responding to acute stress as well as responses to more natural stressors using ambulatory measurement strategies.
Redshift-distance relations from type Ia supernova observations - New constraints on grey dust models

Extinction due to intergalactic grey dust has been proposed as an alternative to accelerated expansion to account for the dimming of SnIa fluxes beyond z ≃ 0.5. The "replenishing" grey dust model, although fitting the observational data, does not seem to be based on physical assumptions. For this reason, in this paper we propose a new grey dust model whose dust distribution follows the comoving SFR density evolution, a reasonably established phenomenon. This new model is compared with the updated photometric data sample from the High Z Supernova Search Team (HZT). Also, using pairs of supernovae at different redshifts, the possibility of any "patchy" distribution proposed to explain the discrepancies between the "high z" dust model and the SnIa observations at very high redshift (z ≥ 0.9) is ruled out. Finally, the data are compared with different models with and without dark energy and a best fit to a universe with adimensional parameters Ω m0 = 0.31 and Ω Λ0 = 0.69 is obtained, from which an age of the universe of t 0 ≃ 14.6 x 10 9 years is derived. This age is compatible with the age of the globular clusters using an equation of state ω = -1 and it obviates the need to resort to any kind of phantom energy.
Comparison of plasma-derived and recombinant von Willebrand factor by atomic force microscopy

Summary Human plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is composed of a series of multimers with molecular weights ranging from 600 to 20,000 kDa or even more. Plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF) and recombinant VWF (rVWF) differ in that the ultra-large molecular weight multimer portion present in rVWF is usually missing in pdVWF due to partial cleavage of VWF by the plasma protease ADAMTS13. Here, tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) was used to visualise the shape and size of rVWF and pdVWF. The morphology of the variants of VWF was comparable, containing both globular and stretched domains. Mean chain lengths of the filaments and diameters of the core globular domains were determined and analysed on a statistical basis. About 72% of the pdVWF molecules and 70% of the rVWF molecules were 100–300 nm long. The portion of very long molecules (>300 nm) was only slightly greater in rVWF than in pdVWF (20% vs. 18%). The diameters of the globular core structures were in the range of 12 to 30 nm for both types of VWF. Inspection of a purified rVWF dimer revealed a similar range for the globular domain (14–32 nm). Finally, we demonstrate a dramatic conformational change for rVWF upon exposure to high shear stress, as has been reported for pdVWF. Our TM-AFM data show that the overall structure of rVWF is similar to that of pdVWF and that rVWF will extend its conformation under shear stress, which is required to exert its function in primary haemostasis.
Spontaneous Rhythmic Contraction of Separated Heart Muscle Cells

Muscle cells that conitract spontaneously and rhythmically can be obtained from adult mouse myocardium. Contractions are observed immediately after homogenization in a solution that is ionically similar to intracellular fluid. Contraction frequency varies directly with temperature and decreases as a function of time after homogenization. At 16�C rhythmic relaxation and contraction occur for about 20 minutes. Contractions are dependent on the presence of adenosine triphosphate in the homogenization medium.
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning : a multidisciplinary approach

The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of primates (also called conditional associative learning). The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are thought to play a key role in such behavior. The present research was undertaken to investigate the role of the basal ganglia (BG) in conditional visuo-motor associative learning using three complementary approaches: 1) single-unit recordings in awake monkeys, 2) behavioral testing in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (a neurodegenerative disease affecting the BG), and 3) functional neuroimaging in healthy subjects. The results of all three studies converge to indicate that the BG are involved in both the acquisition and the retention phases of visuo-motor associations.
Using phenomenography to build an understanding of how university people conceptualise their community-engaged activities

ABSTRACT Higher education institutions are seeking greater community engagement through academic, social and civic activity. In response, researcher attention has turned to impacts on students’ education, and benefits to both university and community partners. This phenomenographic study examines how a diverse group of teachers, researchers and administrators at one New Zealand university conceptualised their involvement in community-engaged learning and teaching. We identified an outcome space where university people conceived their community engagement in three ways: within an expert/novice discourse, as advocacy, and in the most complex conception, as reciprocal learning. When working with and within communities, we suggest that university people should be supported to approach community engagement as reciprocal learning rather than adopting approaches that render community partners in passive roles.
Kinetic gait analysis assessment of meloxicam efficacy in a sodium urate-induced synovitis model in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To examine the ability of meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, to mediate the effects of sodium urate-induced acute stifle synovitis in dogs. ANIMALS 12 clinically normal adult hound-type dogs. PROCEDURE A blinded, randomized, controlled single crossover design study was performed to determine the efficacy of meloxicam, using 2 dosage groups. In 2 experimental phases, dogs, according to group, received meloxicam (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg of body weight) or matched volume of meloxicam vehicle, with a washout period of 21 to 28 days between phases. Blood samples for hematologic and biochemical analysis, as well as synovial fluid or cytologic analysis, were collected immediately before and approximately 24 hours after articular challenge of dogs under propofol anesthesia. Ground reaction forces (GRF) and subjective clinical scores were determined before and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after articular challenge. Vertical force data included peak force, impulse, limb loading, and unloading rates. Craniocaudal data were divided into braking and propulsion phases and consisted of peak force and associated impulses. RESULTS Except for propulsion impulse at 24 hours, all GRF variables were significantly greater at all post-synovitis induction times in the group receiving the high meloxicam dose. Significant differences in all GRF variables were seen at various times between the low-dose meloxicam group and the corresponding control group, and between the low- and high-dose meloxicam groups. Similar significance was seen in the subjective clinical evaluations. Strong correlations existed between the subjective and objective data. CONCLUSIONS Meloxicam was effective in attenuating the effects of sodium urate-induced acute synovitis in dogs. Kinetic gait data provided an objective measurement of lameness in an experimentally induced arthritis model and quantified lameness improvements in response to medication with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.