Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal two-value zero-mean disintegration of zero-mean random variables

For any continuous zero-mean random variable $X$, a reciprocating function $r$ is constructed, based only on the distribution of $X$, such that the conditional distribution of $X$ given the (at-most-)two-point set $\{X,r(X)\}$ is the zero-mean distribution on this set; in fact, a more general construction without the continuity assumption is given in this paper, as well as a large variety of other related results, including characterizations of the reciprocating function and modeling distribution asymmetry patterns. The mentioned disintegration of zero-mean r.v. 's implies, in particular, that an arbitrary zero-mean distribution is represented as the mixture of two-point zero-mean distributions; moreover, this mixture representation is most symmetric in a variety of senses. Somewhat similar representations - of any probability distribution as the mixture of two-point distributions with the same skewness coefficient (but possibly with different means) - go back to Kolmogorov; very recently, Aizenman et al. further developed such representations and applied them to (anti-)concentration inequalities for functions of independent random variables and to spectral localization for random Schroedinger operators. One kind of application given in the present paper is to construct certain statistical tests for asymmetry patterns and for location without symmetry conditions. Exact inequalities implying conservative properties of such tests are presented. These developments extend results established earlier by Efron, Eaton, and Pinelis under a symmetry condition.
"Unlearning" automatic biases: the malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positively covaried with factors suggestive of affective and cognitive processes, respectively. The findings show the malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes and suggest that these may effectively be changed through affective processes.
Cold pressing and supercritical CO2 extraction of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil

In a past few decades the variety of hemp Cannabis sativa L. was unfairly neglected because of the similarity with the kind of hemp that is illegal and is used as a narcotic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oil extraction process from Cannabis sativa seeds by cold pressing followed by extraction with supercritical CO2. In pressing experiments, the response surface methodology was conducted in order to study the effects of temperature, frequency and nozzle size on oil recovery and quality parameters. The optimal condition to obtain the highest oil recovery and the best oil quality within the experimental range of the variables studied was at temperature of 60 °C, frequency of 20 Hz and using nozzle of ID 6 mm. The residual oil in the press cake was totally extracted by supercritical CO2 in newly designed and built supercritical fluid extraction system. The oregano essential oil was the most effective in protecting the oil from oxidative deterioration.
The influence of surface hydrophilicity on the adhesion properties of wet fabrics or films to water

The adherence of wet fabrics to the skin brings much discomfort. The relationship between hydrophilicity and adhesion properties of fabric materials is investigated. A theoretical expression is given to describe the relationship of adhesion force, water contact angle (WCA), and radius of fabric–liquid interface. The adhesion force grows with decreasing WCA and increasing radius of the fabric–liquid interface. With the help of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment, the hydrophilicity of the fabric materials is improved, accompanied by reduced WCA, roughened fiber surfaces, as observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and increased Oxygen/Carbon (O/C) atomic ratio and polar bonds, analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In accordance with the theoretical conclusion, the APPJ treated fabrics have a much larger maximum adhesion force and longer adhesion duration with water, indicating more discomfort resulting from the increase of hydrophilicity when they are wet. To minimize the discomfort caused by wet adhesion, less hydrophilic fabric surfaces may be preferred.
Plato: A Selective Context Model for Entity Resolution

We present Plato, a probabilistic model for entity resolution that includes a novel approach for handling noisy or uninformative features, and supplements labeled training data derived from Wikipedia with a very large unlabeled text corpus. Training and inference in the proposed model can easily be distributed across many servers, allowing it to scale to over 107 entities. We evaluate Plato on three standard datasets for entity resolution. Our approach achieves the best results to-date on TAC KBP 2011 and is highly competitive on both the CoNLL 2003 and TAC KBP 2012 datasets.
Socio-Cultural Disparities in GDM Burden Differ by Maternal Age at First Delivery

Aims Several socio-cultural and biomedical risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are modifiable. However, few studies globally have examined socio-cultural associations. To eliminate confounding of increased risk of diabetes in subsequent pregnancies, elucidating socio-cultural associations requires examination only of first pregnancies. Methods Data for all women who delivered their first child in Victoria, Australia between 1999 and 2008 were extracted from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection. Crude and adjusted GDM rates were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine odds of GDM within and between socio-cultural groups. Results From 1999 to 2008, 269,682 women delivered their first child in Victoria. GDM complicated 11,763 (4.4%) pregnancies and burden increased with maternal age, from 2.1% among women aged below 25 years at delivery to 7.0% among those aged 35 years or more. Among younger women, GDM rates were relatively stable across socioeconomic levels. Amongst older women GDM rates were highest in those living in most deprived areas, with a strong social gradient. Asian-born mothers had highest GDM rates. All migrant groups except women born in North-West Europe had higher odds of GDM than Australian-born non-Indigenous women. In all ethnic groups, these differences were not pronounced among younger mothers, but became increasingly apparent amongst older women. Conclusions Socio-cultural disparities in GDM burden differ by maternal age at first delivery. Socio-cultural gradients were not evident among younger women. Health and social programs should seek to reduce the risk amongst all older women to that of the least deprived older mothers.
Car Crashes and Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: A French Study

Background Drowsiness compromises driving ability by reducing alertness and attentiveness, and delayed reaction times. Sleep-related car crashes account for a considerable proportion of accident at the wheel. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are rare central disorders of hypersomnolence, the most severe causes of sleepiness thus being potential dangerous conditions for both personal and public safety with increasing scientific, social, and political attention. Our main objective was to assess the frequency of recent car crashes in a large cohort of patients affected with well-defined central disorders of hypersomnolence versus subjects from the general population. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in French reference centres for rare hypersomnia diseases and included 527 patients and 781 healthy subjects. All participants included needed to have a driving license, information available on potential accident events during the last 5 years, and on potential confounders; thus analyses were performed on 282 cases (71 IH, 82 NT2, 129 NT1) and 470 healthy subjects. Results Patients reported more frequently than healthy subjects the occurrence of recent car crashes (in the previous five years), a risk that was confirmed in both treated and untreated subjects at study inclusion (Untreated, OR = 2.21 95%CI = [1.30–3.76], Treated OR = 2.04 95%CI = [1.26–3.30]), as well as in all disease categories, and was modulated by subjective sleepiness level (Epworth scale and naps). Conversely, the risk of car accidents of patients treated for at least 5 years was not different to healthy subjects (OR = 1.23 95%CI = [0.56–2.69]). Main risk factors were analogous in patients and healthy subjects. Conclusion Patients affected with central disorders of hypersomnolence had increased risk of recent car crashes compared to subjects from the general population, a finding potentially reversed by long-term treatment.
Expression of the polycomb group gene Bmi 1 does not affect the prognosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is a constituent of the Polycomb repressive complex 1, and it is an important molecule for the regulation of the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. In the field of clinical hematology, there are reports that the level of Bmi1 expression in blast cells is related to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. We investigated whether the level of Bmi1 expression in leukemic cells is related to the prognosis and the characteristics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In all the leukemic blast cells, Bmi1 gene expression was lower value than that in normal B cells. There were no correlations between the level of Bmi1 gene expression in leukemic blast cells and other parameters, including prognosis. Here, we report that the level of Bmi1 expression in blast cells is not related to the prognosis of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Move it on out with MATEs.

Multidrug transporters form a large class of membrane proteins present in the cells of most organisms. These proteins bind to a variety of potentially cytotoxic compounds and remove them from the cell in an ATP- or proton-dependent process ([Zhelenova et al., 2000][1]). Traditionally, multidrug
Determination of Chromium in Tannery Effluent and Study of Adsorption of Cr (VI) on Saw dust and Charcoal from Sugarcane Bagasses

Spectrophotometric method using diphenylcarbazide as a colour developing reagent has been used to analyze the chromium content in tannery effluent located in Bara and Parsa districts of Nepal and Sirsiya River which is an ultimate drainage of these waste water streams. The adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution onto formaldehyde treated sawdust and charcoal of sugarcane begasses has been investigated at various Cr(VI) concentrations of 5-40 mg/L and pH values. From the experimental observations, it has been found that chromium can be removed quantitatively at the equilibrium pH range of around 1 and the adsorption behavior revealed to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Keywords : chromium, diphenylcarbazide, adsorption. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0. 2102 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page; 93-101
Prospective Study of Body Mass Index and Risk of Stroke in Apparently Healthy Women

Background—Obesity is an escalating pandemic in the United States, and its association with coronary heart disease is well understood. Several studies have found positive associations between body mass index (BMI) and stroke in men, but the association with stroke and its subtypes is less clear in women. Methods and Results—This was a prospective cohort study among 39 053 women participating in the Women’s Health Study. BMI was measured as self-reported weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared. Incident stroke was self-reported and confirmed by medical record review. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the association between BMI and stroke. After a mean follow-up of 10 years, a total of 432 strokes (347 ischemic, 81 hemorrhagic, and 4 undefined) occurred. We found a statistically significant trend for increased risk of total and ischemic stroke across 7 BMI categories. With World Health Organization criteria, women who were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) had hazard ratios of 1.50 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.94) for total stroke, 1.72 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.28) for ischemic stroke, and 0.82 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.58) for hemorrhagic stroke compared with women with BMI <25 kg/m2. Additional control for history of hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol substantially attenuated the hazard ratios for total and ischemic stroke. There was no effect modification for age, exercise, or smoking. Conclusions—In this large prospective cohort study among women, BMI was a strong risk factor for total and ischemic stroke but not for hemorrhagic stroke. The association was highly mediated by hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol.
Similar GABAA receptor subunit composition in somatic and axon initial segment synapses of hippocampal pyramidal cells

Hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs) express many GABAAR subunit types and receive GABAergic inputs from distinct interneurons. Previous experiments revealed input-specific differences in α1 and α2 subunit densities in perisomatic synapses, suggesting distinct IPSC decay kinetics. However, IPSC decays evoked by axo-axonic, parvalbumin- or cholecystokinin-expressing basket cells were found to be similar. Using replica immunogold labeling, here we show that all CA1 PC somatic and AIS synapses contain the α1, α2, β1, β2, β3 and γ2 subunits. In CA3 PCs, 90% of the perisomatic synapses are immunopositive for the α1 subunit and all synapses are positive for the remaining five subunits. Somatic synapses form unimodal distributions based on their immunoreactivity for these subunits. The α2 subunit densities in somatic synapses facing Cav2.1 (i.e. parvalbumin) or Cav2.2 (cholecystokinin) positive presynaptic active zones are comparable. We conclude that perisomatic synapses made by three distinct interneuron types have similar GABAA receptor subunit content. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18426. 001
Aromatase P450 expression in human pituitary adenomas

Estrogen has been shown to play an important role in pituitary tumor pathogenesis. In humans, this biosynthesis is mediated by aromatase, an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. Just a few studies about aromatase expression in human pituitary gland, both in normal and pathological ones, are found in the literature. This study aimed to assess aromatase enzyme expression in human pituitary adenomas and associate it with gender, tumor size and tumor subtype. We conducted a cross‐sectional study, reviewed clinical data and surgical specimens of consecutive 65 patients (35 women and 30 men) with anatomopathologic diagnosis of pituitary adenoma who underwent adenomectomy at a neurosurgical referral center in southern Brazil. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess aromatase expression and define tumor subtype, and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to estimate aromatase gene expression. Mean patient age was 45.6 (±13.3) years (range, 18 to 73 years), 86.2% of our samples were macroadenomas while 13.8% were classified as microadenomas. Based on clinical and immunohistochemical data, 23 (35.4%) patients had non‐functioning adenomas, 19 (29.2%) had somatotroph adenomas (acromegaly), 12 (18.5%) had lactotroph adenomas (hyperprolactinemic syndrome), and 11 (16.9%) had corticotroph adenomas (Cushing's disease). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 59 cases, and 58 (98.3%) showed no aromatase expression. Quantification by qRT‐PCR was performed in 43 samples, and 36 (83.7%) revealed no gene expression. Among tumor specimens examined by both techniques (37 cases), 30 showed no gene or protein expression (concordance index, 0.81). It is possible to mention that aromatase expression was lost in most pituitary adenomas, regardless of gender, tumor subtype, or tumor size.
TMPRSS2 and MSPL Facilitate Trypsin-Independent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication in Vero Cells

Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) facilitate the spread and replication of viruses such as influenza and human coronaviruses, although it remains unclear whether TTSPs play a role in the progression of animal coronavirus infections, such as that by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, TTSPs including TMPRSS2, HAT, DESC1, and MSPL were tested for their ability to facilitate PEDV replication in Vero cells. Our results showed that TMPRSS2 and MSPL played significant roles in the stages of cell–cell fusion and virus–cell fusion, whereas HAT and DESC1 exhibited weaker effects. This activation may be involved in the interaction between TTSPs and the PEDV S protein, as the S protein extensively co-localized with TMPRSS2 and MSPL and could be cleaved by co-expression with TMPRSS2 or MSPL. Moreover, the use of Vero cells expressing TMPRSS2 and MSPL facilitated PEDV replication in the absence of exogenous trypsin. In sum, we identified two host proteases, TMPRSS2 and MSPL, which may provide insights and a novel method for enhancing viral titers, expanding virus production, and improving the adaptability of PEDV isolates in vitro.
The explanatory power of playability heuristics

Research of playability heuristics to be used with usability inspection methods in videogame evaluations has been active in recent years, and there are multiple playability heuristic sets available. However, they differ quite a lot from each other, and it is still unknown how well they support inspectors and help to describe the identified playability problems in a game. In this paper, we present a study in which 36 novice inspectors were divided into two identical groups, and they evaluated a mobile game using one of the two playability heuristic sets. In the second task, the inspectors analyzed playability problems that were collected from the game, and assigned heuristics to describe the problems. The results show that a playability heuristic set needs to cover the main aspects of playability in order to be effectively used during the evaluation. The results of this work will help in developing a playability heuristic set that makes expert review an effective method for evaluating videogames.
A Channel Model for Ultrawideband Indoor Communication

This paper describes the wireless channel model that the IEEE 802.15. 3a standardization group has developed for the evaluation of ultrawideband communications systems. We discuss the measurements that form the basis of this model. These measurements establish important differences between UWB channels and narrowband wireless channels, especially with respect to fading statistics and time-of-arrival of multipath components. The different propagation conditions impact system design, like Rake receiver performance.
GPI-anchored proteins are directly targeted to the apical surface in fully polarized MDCK cells

The polarity of epithelial cells is dependent on their ability to target proteins and lipids in a directional fashion. The trans-Golgi network, the endosomal compartment, and the plasma membrane act as sorting stations for proteins and lipids. The site of intracellular sorting and pathways used for the apical delivery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are largely unclear. Using biochemical assays and confocal and video microscopy in living cells, we show that newly synthesized GPI-APs are directly delivered to the apical surface of fully polarized Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Impairment of basolateral membrane fusion by treatment with tannic acid does not affect the direct apical delivery of GPI-APs, but it does affect the organization of tight junctions and the integrity of the monolayer. Our data clearly demonstrate that GPI-APs are directly sorted to the apical surface without passing through the basolateral membrane. They also reinforce the hypothesis that apical sorting of GPI-APs occurs intracellularly before arrival at the plasma membrane.
Radio Pulse Properties of the Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0437–4715. I. Observations at 20 Centimeters

We present a total of 48 minutes of observations of the nearby, bright millisecond pulsar PSR J0437-4715 taken at the Parkes Observatory in Australia. The data were obtained at a central radio frequency of 1380 MHz using a high-speed tape recorder that permitted coherent Nyquist sampling of 50 MHz of bandwidth in each of two polarizations. Using the high time resolution available from this voltage recording technique, we have studied a variety of single-pulse properties, many for the first time in a millisecond pulsar. We show that individual pulses are broad band, have pulse widths ranging from ~10 (~0.°6 in pulse longitude) to ~300 μs (~20°) with a mean pulse width of ~65 μs (~4°), exhibit a wide variety of morphologies, and can be highly linearly polarized. Single pulse peaks can be as high as 205 Jy (over ~40 times the average pulse peak), and have a probability distribution similar to those of slow-rotating pulsars. We observed no single pulse energy exceeding ~4.4 times the average pulse energy, ruling out "giant pulses" as have been seen for the Crab and PSR B1937+21 pulsars. PSR J0437-4715 does not exhibit classical microstructure or show any signs of a preferred timescale that could be associated with primary emitters; single pulse modulation has been observed to be consistent with amplitude-modulated noise down to timescales of 80 ns. We observe a significant inverse correlation between pulse peak and width. Thus, the average pulse profile produced by selecting for large pulse peaks is narrower than the standard average profile. We find no evidence for "diffractive" quantization effects in the individual pulse arrival times or amplitudes as have been reported for this pulsar at lower radio frequency using coarser time resolution. Overall, we find that the single-pulse properties of PSR J0437-4715 are similar to those of the common slow-rotating pulsars, even though this pulsar's magnetosphere and surface magnetic field are several orders of magnitude smaller than those of the general population. The pulsar radio emission mechanism must therefore be insensitive to these fundamental neutron star properties.