Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of the Shannon-Hartley theorem to data streams and sparse recovery

The Shannon-Hartley theorem bounds the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted over a Gaussian channel in terms of the ratio of the signal to noise power. We show two unexpected applications of this theorem in computer science: (1) we give a much simpler proof of an Ω(η1-2/ρ) bound on the number of linear measurements required to approximate the p-th frequency moment in a data stream, and show a new distribution which is hard for this problem, (2) we show that the number of measurements needed to solve the k-sparse recovery problem on an n-dimensional vector x with the C-approximate ℓ2/ℓ2 guarantee is Ω(k log(n/k)/log C). We complement this result with an almost matching O(k log* k log(n/k)/log C) upper bound.
Impairment of T Cell Function in Parasitic Infections

In mammals subverted as hosts by protozoan parasites, the latter and/or the agonists they release are detected and processed by sensors displayed by many distinct immune cell lineages, in a tissue(s)-dependent context. Focusing on the T lymphocyte lineage, we review our present understanding on its transient or durable functional impairment over the course of the developmental program of the intracellular parasites Leishmania spp. , Plasmodium spp. , Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma cruzi in their mammalian hosts. Strategies employed by protozoa to down-regulate T lymphocyte function may act at the initial moment of naïve T cell priming, rendering T cells anergic or unresponsive throughout infection, or later, exhausting T cells due to antigen persistence. Furthermore, by exploiting host feedback mechanisms aimed at maintaining immune homeostasis, parasites can enhance T cell apoptosis. We will discuss how infections with prominent intracellular protozoan parasites lead to a general down-regulation of T cell function through T cell anergy and exhaustion, accompanied by apoptosis, and ultimately allowing pathogen persistence.
Influence of a physical education teacher’s disability on middle school pupils’ learning and perceptions of teacher competence

Limited research has investigated the problems encountered by physical education teachers who have disabilities and instruct able-bodied pupils. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a physical education teacher’s disability on middle school pupils’ perceptions of the teacher’s competence and their learning. Participants were 201 7th and 8th grade pupils (age range 12 to 16 years). They were randomly assigned to watch one of two videotaped swimming lessons. These lessons were identical except that in the first lesson the teacher taught from a wheelchair (WCL) while in the second she was able-bodied (ABL). Immediately following the watching of their assigned lesson, pupils completed a questionnaire asking them about their perceptions of the teacher’s competence and an examination over lesson content. Inferential statistical tests revealed that there were no significant differences in the perception and examination scores of those pupils who viewed the WCL and the ABL. These results provide further support for a sociological explanation of how and why pupils of different ages respond to and learn from physical education teachers with a disability.
Defining a role for calcium in the resumption and progression of meiosis in the pig oocyte.

The role of calcium (Ca++) during spontaneous meiotic maturation of pig oocytes was examined. The hypothesis that elevations of endogenously derived intracellular Ca++ are prerequisite for germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and progression through meiosis was tested. In addition, investigations were carried out to determine whether GVBD and meiotic progression were dependent upon extracellular Ca++ influx. Elevation of endogenously derived Ca++ was inhibited directly by loading cells with BAPTA, a specific Ca++-chelator, or indirectly with neomycin. Extracellular Ca++ influx was prevented by culturing oocytes in Ca(++)-deficient medium, with EGTA, or in the presence of the Ca++ channel blocker verapamil. Pretreatment with BAPTA/AM and subsequent culture in the absence of added exogenous Ca++ resulted in a similar inhibition of GVBD (1 microM BAPTA/AM vs. untreated, P < 0.01). After 4 h following follicular release, oocytes were no longer sensitive to BAPTA/AM treatment. Neomycin also significantly inhibited GVBD (0.5 mM neomycin vs. untreated, P < 0.05) as well as meiotic progression past metaphase I (0.25 mM neomycin vs. untreated, P < 0.05). The incidence of GVBD was not significantly affected when oocytes were simply cultured in Ca++ deficient medium or when cultured in the presence of EGTA or verapamil. However, progression of meiosis past GVBD to metaphase II was suppressed by reducing levels of Ca++ in the culture medium (0.68 mM Ca++ vs. 1.7 mM Ca++, P < 0.05) and by treatment with verapamil (0.25 mM verapamil vs. untreated, P < 0.05). Meiotic progression was completely blocked at metaphase I in the presence of 0.85 mM EGTA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quality and Satisfaction With Culinary Education: Evidence From Cyprus

Culinary education has experienced remarkable growth in Cyprus in the past decade. Numerous institutions are offering a variety of related programs with the aim of adequately preparing the next generation of culinary professionals. Despite this unprecedented growth, many argue that a short-term opportunistic business mentality prevails. Driven by the profession’s celebrity status, institutions offering culinary-related education risk downgrading the quality of their portfolio. Adopting a quantitative methodology, the study set out to investigate industry professionals’ and educators’ perceptions of the quality and overall satisfaction with the current culinary education offerings. The findings inform and provide practical recommendations for those striving to improve the nature, identity, scope, and value of culinary education.
Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness in a non-profit organization: an exploratory and cross-sector comparative study

This paper presents the results of an ‘HRD professional partnership’ study of perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness carried out within a UK third sector (non-profit) organization. Using the critical incident technique, concrete examples [critical incidents (CIs) ] of observed effective and least effective/ineffective managerial behaviour were collected from a purposive sample of senior and middle-level managers of the collaborating registered charity. The CIs were content analysed to identify themes and analytical categories. Behavioural statements were then devised to reflect the constituent CIs of each category. The paper also reports the results of a subsequent cross-sector comparative analysis that explored the similarities and differences between the identified behavioural statements and the results of equivalent studies in the UK public and private sector organizations. The findings challenge the widely held image that managers need to adopt different managerial behaviours to be effective in non-profit organizations because of inherent differences between the sectors. How the resultshave been used by the collaborating organization is outlined. Finally, thelimitations, implications for practice and research recommendations are discussed.
Infant Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Child Emotional and Behavioral Problems at Age 3 Years

SYNOPSIS Objective. To examine the role of infant attachment classification and parenting stress for toddler emotional and behavior problems. Design. Participants were 606 infant–mother dyads who took part in a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. Infant–mother attachment classification was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure when the children were 14 months old. At 18 months, parenting stress was measured with the Dutch version of the Parenting Stress Index. When the children were 3 years old, both mothers and fathers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Results. Infant attachment moderated the effect of parenting stress on child emotional and behavior problems. Parenting stress was related to more aggression and attention problem behaviors in insecurely attached children, but not in securely attached children. Moreover, higher parenting stress was associated with more withdrawal problem behaviors in insecurely attached children, in particular in insecure-resistant and in disorganized children. Conclusion. In the presence of an insecure attachment relationship, more parenting stress is related to more (internalizing) withdrawal problem behavior and to more (externalizing) aggression and attention problems. Attachment security in infancy buffers the influence of parenting stress on child emotional and behavior problems.
The function of simian chemokine receptors in the replication of SIV.

The long sought co-receptors for primate lentiviruses were identified as belonging to a large family of cell surface proteins - the seven transmembrane proteins. These proteins normally function as cell surface receptors for chemokines and other ligands. The families of genetically divergent Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses (SIV), which include the origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, use simian and human chemokine receptors as their co-receptors. SIVmac, SIVsm, SIVagm and SIVcpz use monkey and human CCR5 for cell fusion and entry. Human-derived STRL33 (BONZO) and human-derived GPR-15 (BOB) are also used, but with variable efficiency. True primary strains of SIVsm, obtained from the naturally infected simian host, the sooty mangabey, use simian and human CCR5 in a strongly CD4 dependent manner. However, some brain and lymphoid isolates from the experimental simian host, the macaque use CCR5 independently of CD4. Unlike T cell line adapted (TCLA) CXCR4-tropic HIV strains (XR4 HIV), only a few laboratory SIV strains use CXCR4 for entry. Macaque and mangabey CXCR4 are fully functional, because they are highly efficient for entry of XR4 HIV. The CCR5 co-receptor is used by three of four SIV families tested thus far. The fourth family, represented by the isolate, S1Vrcm95GB1, is unique among SIV and HIV in its use of CCR2b but not CCR5.
Identification abilities of children: Does a verbal description hurt face recognition?

Abstract The majority of research conducted on child eyewitness identification lineup performance has found that children are less accurate than adults at identifying the perpetrator correctly, or indeed, not identifying anyone in a target absent lineup. The standard procedure involved in setting up a lineup is to gain descriptions of the perpetrator from the witnesses. However, Schooler and Engster-Schooler (1990) suggest that gaining a verbal description of the perpetrator may later interfere with identification performance because the verbal memory overshadows the visual memory (verbal overshadowing). As yet there appears to have been no systematic investigations of verbal overshadowing in children. Fifty-two children aged 8–9 years witnessed a live event in their classroom, after a 24-hour delay they were randomly assigned to a description/no description condition, and then viewed either target present lineups or target absent lineups. The results revealed no verbal overshadowing effects. The children were more accurate on target present lineups than on target absent lineups. The null results are discussed with reference to the role of retrieval instructions, the quality of face descriptions and the processes governing decisions in target absent as compared to target present lineups.
Power system voltage stability as affected by large-scale PV penetration

Voltage instability is considered as one of the main threats to secure operation of power system networks around the world. Grid connected renewable energy-based generation are developing in recent years for many economic and environmental reasons. This type of generation could have significant impact on power system voltage stability given the nature of the primary source of generation and the technology used to energy conversion. This paper examines the impact of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) generation on power system voltage stability. A comprehensive model of large-scale PV generation in IEEE-14 bus test system has been used for the investigation. Various performance measures including critical eigenvalues of Q-V modal matrix, bus participation factor and loading margin (LM), are used to analyze the impact of PV generator on power system static voltage stability.
Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers

Twenty-six preschoolers, 13 with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and 13 without ADHD, were assessed with respect to the following: Psychosocial Functioning, Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity. Two new behavioral coding systems, a new test of inhibitory control, and a new test of vigilance were specifically designed for preschoolers to measure activity, impulsivity, and attention. Preschoolers with ADHD were rated by their parents as significantly more stressful to manage, less reinforcing, more demanding, less adaptable to change, and less compatible with the parent. Although family functioning was rated to be within the average range for both groups, mothers of preschoolers with ADHD rated themselves as exhibiting more symptoms of depression, and a sense of reduced parental competence. During structured tasks, preschoolers with ADHD more often grabbed materials, and required more frequent directives from an examiner. During unstructured tasks the preschoolers with ADHD more often .
Nonlocal damping of helimagnets in one-dimensional interacting electron systems

We investigate the magnetization relaxation of a one-dimensional helimagnetic system coupled to interacting itinerant electrons. The relaxation is assumed to result from the emission of plasmons, the elementary excitations of the one-dimensional interacting electron system, caused by slow changes of the magnetization profile. This dissipation mechanism leads to a highly nonlocal form of magnetization damping that is strongly dependent on the electron-electron interaction. Forward scattering processes lead to a spatially constant damping kernel, while backscattering processes produce a spatially oscillating contribution. Due to the nonlocal damping, the thermal fluctuations become spatially correlated over the entire system. We estimate the characteristic magnetization relaxation times for magnetic quantum wires and nuclear helimagnets.
Teacher Learning: the Key to Educational Reform

This letter to the next president of the United States recommends the transformation of teacher in-service learning as a powerful means of education reform. Too often, professional development is perceived by teachers as being idiosyncratic and irrelevant. The authors recommend a reconceptualization of professional learning for practicing teachers, in which educators are involved in learning communities, these communities evolve over time, and they revolve around norms of openness, scholarly rigor, and collaborative construction of professional knowledge. The authors describe three such environments of professional learning—the National Writing Project, the Carnegie Academy for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, and the Quest Project for Signature Pedagogies in Teacher Education—and recommend that the incoming chief executive should capitalize on the strengths of such programs and extend them to many more teachers nationwide.
Final frontiers? globalisation, pedagogy and (dis)location

Abstract In recent times, spatial metaphors such as border crossing, border pedagogy, speaking from the margins, spanning the abyss, occupying in-between spaces and diaspora space have emerged to characterise educational and other cultural practices. This is particularly the case in critical, feminist and postcolonial pedagogy influenced by poststructuralist and postmodern theory. This article argues that the increased emphasis given to spatial metaphors can itself be located in contemporary globalising trends where forms of location also and inevitably entail forms of dislocation – of disidentifying and being positioned as other. We suggest that the term ‘(dis)location’ provides a useful, non-essentialising metaphorical resource through which to analyse, understand and develop changes in pedagogy in conditions of globalisation. A pedagogy of (dis)location signifies an ambivalent pedagogy or a pedagogy of ambivalence in the uncertain reconfigurations taking place under contemporary conditions.
The Importance of Failure: Feedback Related Negativity Predicts Motor Learning Efficiency

Learning from past mistakes is of prominent importance for successful future behavior. In the present study, we tested whether reinforcement learning signals in the brain are predictive of adequate learning of a sequence of motor actions. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while subjects engaged in a sequence learning task. The results showed that brain responses to feedback (the feedback-related negativity [FRN]) predicted whether subjects learned to avoid an erroneous response the next time this action had to be performed. Our findings add to a growing literature on feedback-based performance adjustment, by showing that FRN amplitudes may reflect the acquisition of motor skill and the consolidation of contingencies between stimuli or cues and their associated responses, providing evidence that learning efficiency and future performance can be predicted by the neural response to current feedback: FRN amplitude associated with a mistake is predictive of whether this mistake will be repeated, or learned from.
Foundation degree to honours degree: the transition experiences of students on an early years programme

This article focuses on an exploratory study, undertaken in 2009–2012, which explored student transitions from a foundation degree (level 5) into the third year of a BA honours degree (level 6). Direct entry students and staff from an early years programme at a post-1992 British university and second-year foundation degree students and staff from the corresponding foundation degree at nine dual-sector further education colleges took part and completed online questionnaires about their experiences (N = 156). A sample of students and staff (N = 20) was subsequently interviewed about themes that arose from the questionnaires. Three themes emerged: (1) the difference between studying at foundation degree and at honours degree level; (2) student emotions about progression and issues around personal identity (students spoke about ‘not being good enough’, ‘feeling guilty’ ‘not fitting in’ and ‘trying to balance it all’); and (3) ways in which the transition process could be improved upon, including building prior relationships between university staff and students and more information being made available. Our findings on the emotional nature of progression as well as the challenges that face personal identity offer significant contributions to the research literature. Furthermore, we suggest that improving the progression experiences of students is not only important in terms of retention and student experience but also in light of recent changes to student fee structures which may make foundation degrees more attractive to students. This could potentially increase the numbers of students progressing to university for the final year of their degree.
Approaching the Bad and Avoiding the Good: Lateral Prefrontal Cortical Asymmetry Distinguishes between Action and Valence

Goal pursuit in humans sometimes involves approaching unpleasant and avoiding pleasant stimuli, such as when a dieter chooses to eat vegetables (although he does not like them) instead of doughnuts (which he greatly prefers). Previous neuroscience investigations have established a left–right prefrontal asymmetry between approaching pleasant and avoiding unpleasant stimuli, but these investigations typically do not untangle the roles of action motivation (approach vs. avoidance) and stimulus valence (pleasant vs. unpleasant) in this asymmetry. Additionally, studies on asymmetry have been conducted almost exclusively using electroencephalography and have been difficult to replicate using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The present fMRI study uses a novel goal pursuit task that separates action motivation from stimulus valence and a region-of-interest analysis approach to address these limitations. Results suggest that prefrontal asymmetry is associated with action motivation and not with stimulus valence. Specifically, there was increased left (vs. right) activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during approach (vs. avoidance) actions regardless of the stimulus valence, but no such effect was observed for pleasant compared to unpleasant stimuli. This asymmetry effect during approach–avoidance action motivations occurred in the dorsolateral but not orbito-frontal aspects of prefrontal cortex. Also, individual differences in approach–avoidance motivation moderated the effect such that increasing trait approach motivation was associated with greater left-sided asymmetry during approach actions (regardless of the stimulus valence). Together, these results support the notion that prefrontal asymmetry is associated with action motivation regardless of stimulus valence and, as such, might be linked with goal pursuit processes more broadly.
The health and performance effects of participative leadership: Exploring the moderating role of the Big Five personality dimensions

An extensive body of research acknowledges that participative leadership offers a variety of potential benefits, particularly for workers’ mental health and job performance; however, the work intensification, added challenge, and responsibility required may actually be harmful to some employees, creating more pressure engendering psychological strain. Taking a contingency approach and based on the Conservation of Resources theory, the study suggests that participative leadership may yield different results depending on employees’ personality traits from the Big Five typology. The proposed model aimed to investigate the moderating role of the Big Five traits on the participative leadership–inrole performance relationship and on the participative leadership–psychological strain relationship. In a study of 153 employees and their managers, hierarchical regression analyses showed that the personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism served as moderators in the relation between participative leadership and employee inrole performance and psychological strain. Openness to experience was not found to moderate those relations. This study points to the necessity of including personality factors when considering the impact of participative leadership on employee outcomes.
Discovering typical structures of documents: a road map approach

The structure of a document refers to the role and hierarchy of subdocument references. Many online documents are similarly structured, though not identically structured. We study the problem of discovering “typical” structures of a collection of such documents, where the user specifies the minimum frequency of a typical structure. We will consider structural features of subdocument references such as labeling, nesting, ordering, cyclicity, and wild-card references, like those found on the Web and digital libraries. Typical structures can be used to serve the following purposes. (a) The “table-ofcontent” for gaining the general information of a source. (b) A road map for browsing and querying a source. (c) A basis for clustering documents. (d) Partial schemas for building structured layers to provide standard database access methods. (e) User/customer’s interests and browsing patterns. We present a solution to the discovery problem.