Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS

Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit yang tejadi pada leher rahim (serviks). Kanker ini dipicu oleh infeksi human papilloma virus (HPV). Kanker serviks menempati urutan kedua dari seluruh kanker pada perempuan dengan insidensi 9,7% dan jumlah kematian 9,3% dari seluruh kanker pada perempuan di dunia . Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis peran dukungan keluarga dengan pengambilan keputusan wanita dalam melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan desain case control, sampel terdiri dari kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing 43 responden pada setiap kelompok, yang diambil secara purposive sampling . Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan pada semua wanita, baik yang sudah melakukan deteksi dan belum melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Tehnik analisa data bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran dukungan keluarga dengan pengambilan keputusan melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Manfaat penelitian untuk mengetahui bahwa peran dukungan keluarga dapat mempengaruhi wanita dalam melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks, maka dari itu disarankan pada petugas kesehatan untuk memperluas sasaran promosi kesehatan, tidak hanya pada kelompok wanita saja tetapi pada keluarga dan khususnya suami. Sehingga kanker serviks dapat terdeteksi sedini mungkin.
University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute for Research on Poverty

William R. Prosser is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Office of Human Services Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The opinions expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of the Department or the Bush administration. Prosser will be a visiting professor in the School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, during the 1991-92 academic year. Volume 13
Geometric ergodicity of the Bayesian lasso

Consider the standard linear model y = X +✏ , where the components of ✏ are iid standard normal errors. Park and Casella [14] consider a Bayesian treatment of this model with a Laplace/Inverse-Gamma prior on (,). They introduce a Data Augmentation approach that can be used to explore the resulting intractable posterior density, and call it the Bayesian lasso algorithm. In this paper, the Markov chain underlying the Bayesian lasso algorithm is shown to be geometrically ergodic, for arbitrary values of the sample size n and the number of variables p. This is important, as geometric ergodicity provides theoretical justification for the use of Markov chain CLT, which can then be used to obtain asymptotic standard errors for Markov chain based estimates of posterior quantities. Kyung et al [12] provide a proof of geometric ergodicity for the restricted case n p, but as we explain in this paper, their proof is incorrect. Our approach is different and more direct, and enables us to establish geometric ergodicity for arbitrary n and p.
Glucose does not activate nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurons in the rat stomach.

We reported previously that intravenously administered d-glucose acts in the central nervous system to inhibit gastric motility induced by hypoglycemia in anesthetized rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this effect is due to inhibition of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) cholinergic motoneurons, which synapse with postganglionic cholinergic neurons, or to excitation of DMV cholinergic neurons, which synapse with postganglionic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) neurons, particularly nitrergic neurons. Three approaches were employed: 1) assessment of the efficacy of d-glucose-induced inhibition of gastric motility in hypoglycemic rats with and without inhibition of nitric oxide synthase [10 mg/kg iv nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)], 2) assessment of the efficacy of intravenous bethanechol (30 mug.kg(-1). min(-1)) to stimulate gastric motility in hypoglycemic rats during the time of d-glucose-induced inhibition of gastric motility, and 3) determination of c-Fos expression in DMV neurons after intravenous d-glucose was administered to normoglycemic rats. Results obtained demonstrated that l-NAME treatment had no effect on d-glucose-induced inhibition of gastric motility; there was no reduction in the efficacy of intravenous bethanechol to increase gastric motility, and c-Fos expression was not induced by d-glucose in DMV neurons that project to the stomach. These findings indicate that excitation of DMV cholinergic motoneurons that synapse with postganglionic NANC neurons is not a significant contributing component of d-glucose-induced inhibition of gastric motility.
MINARET or the quest towards the use of time-dependent neutron transport solvers for nuclear core calculations on a regular basis

The present paper deals with the resolution of the time-dependent neutron transport equation that is involved in the ﬁeld of nuclear safety studies. Through the presentation of the newly implemented kinetic module in the MINARET solver [24] (developed at CEA in the framework of the APOLLO3 R (cid:13) project), we aim ﬁrst of all at presenting a brief and comprehensive overview of the most widespread resolution techniques employed nowadays in neutron transport industrial codes. Given that the main obstacle in the use of this type of accurate solver on a regular basis relies in the long computing times, MINARET has been used in the present work as a support to rigorously quantify the eﬃciency of the most common sequential and parallel acceleration techniques that are currently used in this ﬁeld. An important part of the paper will be devoted to study the performances of an acceleration method that has never been considered before in the resolution of this equation, which is the parallelization of the time variable. In this regard, the parareal in time algorithm (a domain decomposition method for the time variable, [20]) has been implemented to explore its potentialities in this particular application.
Learning Strategies Used By The Students Of English Department Of Tarbiyah Faculty At STAIN Palopo

Abstract The objectives of this research were: (1) to find out of the six learning strategies, which learning strategies applied by high achievers of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at STAIN Palopo; (2) to find out the most frequently strategies used by the students of English Department of Tarbiyah Faculty at STAIN Palopo; (3) to find out differences between high achievers and low achievers in their learning strategies. In analyzing the data, the researcher applied quantitative method. The subject was the sixth semester students of English Department STAIN Palopo. This research used questionaire SILL as instrument. The result of the research showed that (1) the strategies applied by high achievers in memory strategy was “review English lessons”. In the cognitive strategies applied “trying to talk like native speakers‟. In the compensation strategies “using synonym in case they couldn’t think of a word”. The high achievers always or almost always used all metacognitive strategy. They applied “try to find how to be a better learner”. In affective strategy “talk to someone else about how I feel‟. In social strategy applied “ask others to speak slowly or repeat” if they do not understand something in second language. (2) Metacognitive strategies is the most frequently strategy used by sixth semester students of English Department of STAIN Palopo with mean 3.3755. (3) There is a significant different in using language learning strategies between high achievers and low achievers. The highest frequently used by high achievers is metacognitive strategies and the lowest frequently used is memory strategies. Meanwhile, the highest frequently used by low achievers is affective strategies and the lowest frequently used is memory strategies.
Intragel oxygen promotes hypoxia tolerance of scyphomedusae

SUMMARY Populations of jellyfish are known to thrive in many low oxygen environments, however, the physiological mechanisms that permit these organisms to live in hypoxia remain unknown. The oxyregulatory abilities of four species of scyphomedusae were investigated, and it was found that Aurelia labiata, Phacellophora camtschatica, Cyanea capillata and Chrysaora quinquecirrha maintain steady oxygen consumption to below 20 hPa oxygen (<10% air saturation). Oxygen content of the mesoglea of A. labiata was measured using a fibre optic oxygen optode, and oxygen profiles through the gel are characterised by a gradient that decreases from just below normoxia at the aboral subsurface to ∼85% air saturation near the subumbrellar musculature. This gradient sustains oxyregulation by scyphomedusae, and it is demonstrated that A. labiata must be using intragel oxygen to meet its metabolic needs. Gel can also be used as an oxygen reservoir when A. labiata moves into hypoxia. Gel oxygen is depleted after about 2 h in anoxia and recovers to 70% of normal after 2.5 h in normoxia. Behaviour experiments in the laboratory showed that Aurelia labiata behaves similarly in normoxia and hypoxia (30% and 18% air saturation). The acute threshold for provoking behavioural changes in A. labiata is somewhere near its critical partial pressure, and oxygen stratification stimulates swimming back and forth across the oxycline. Intragel oxygen dynamics are recognised as a fundamental component of medusan physiology.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Entropy coherent and entropy convex measures of risk

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Co-endemicity of Loiasis and Onchocerciasis in Rain Forest Communities in Southwestern Nigeria

Background Loiasis is currently receiving attention as a disease of public health importance because of the possibility of increased risk of developing neurologic serious adverse event following mass ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis in individual co-infected with Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. Methodology/Principal Findings Rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) was conducted in 12 communities covering the 3 senatorial districts of Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 960 people were interviewed for history of eye worm using the WHO guidelines for rapid assessment. The survey confirmed the presence of loiasis in all the 12 communities with 4 in Osun East/Ife south senatorial district being at high risk with a prevalence of over 40%. Based on the RAPLOA results, communities within Osun East/Ife south senatorial district were selected for microfilaraemic assessment of L. loa and O. volvulus. A total of 1115 and 1091 individuals were screened for L. loa and O. volvulus microfilaria worms respectively. 160 (14.3%) had L. loa microfilaria detected in their blood with 8 (5.0%) individuals having L. loa loads above 8000 mf/ml. 166 (15.2%) subjects had O. volvulus microfilaria (range 4-504 mf/ml) detected in their skin snip. 30 (2.69%) subjects were co-infected with both L. loa and O. volvulus. There was a significant variation in the prevalence (2.1% to 33.3%) of onchocerciasis in the communities studied (p = 0.001). Five (41.7%) of the studied communities had a prevalence that is equal to or greater than 20%. Conclusions/Significance Low prevalence of onchocerciasis and loiasis co-infection in this study suggests that loiasis may not pose a serious epidemiological threat to the continuous distribution and sustainability of ivermectin for the treatment of onchocerciasis. Evaluation of the interruption of onchocerciasis transmissions in this region using all the indicators set forth by WHO is therefore suggested.
Primary school pupils’ misconceptions of the human respiratory system in primary school students: from identification to deconstruction

This study involved 38 students from the 6 th year of schooling attending a state school in Lisbon in which the Science syllabus is centered on the study of human body systems. Its purpose was to determine: (i) whether the students possessed any of the misconceptions related to the human respiratory system referenced in other studies (e.g. air enters and leaves our bodies with no function, air tubes connect the lungs to the heart, the air exhaled is rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen); (ii) whether a learning design focused on the deconstruction of these misconceptions would be effective to the conceptual change of these pupils. To this end, the experimental group (class A) experienced a learning design expressly conceived for the deconstruction of the misconceptions related to the human respiratory system, while the control group (class B) experienced a traditional approach with interactive lectures and use of the school textbook. The data were collected through a questionnaire administered in two stages (pre and post-test) and a t-test was used to compare the means obtained by the two groups in the pre-test and to verify the gains of each class between the pre and the post-test. After analysis of the results of the pre-test, it was found that the students of the two groups had several misconceptions of the human respiratory system. The experimental group had more significant gains, although the students in both groups reduced their misconceptions. Both results support the idea that formal education, if provided with well-structured activities, can contribute to the conceptual restructuring of the students’ mind, albeit with a different rate of success. Finally, the present study also helps to confirm the universality of certain misconceptions.
Nonresponse Bias in a Follow-up Study of 19-Year-Old Adolescents Born as Preterm Infants

Objective. To assess the effect of demographic and neonatal risk factors and outcome at the last available assessment on the probability of full responders, postal responders (those who only responded to the mailed questionnaire), or nonresponders in a follow-up study of 19-year-old adolescents who were born as preterm infants. Design. The 19-year follow-up program was part of a large ongoing collaborative study in the Netherlands on the long-term effect of prematurity and dysmaturity on various medical, psychological, and social parameters. In the original cohort, 1338 infants (94%) with a gestational age of <32 weeks and/or a birth weight of <1500 g were enrolled. Neonatal mortality was 23% (n = 312), and another 67 children had died between the ages of 28 days and 19 years, leaving 959 survivors (72% of the original cohort) for follow-up at the present assessment. To study the effect of nonresponse, we divided the 959 survivors into 3 groups: full responders (596 [62.1%]), postal responders (109 [11.4%]), and nonresponders (254 [26.5%]). In the 3 groups we compared demographic and neonatal data, as well as outcome at the last available assessment. Results. The odds ratios (ORs) for male versus female for the probabilities of nonresponse and postal response were statistically significant: 2.7 (95% CI: 1.9–3.9) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0–2.5), respectively. The same holds for the ORs for non-Dutch versus Dutch and low versus high maternal education for nonresponse: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.3–3.2) and 3.7 (95% CI: 2.0–6.7), respectively. Special education and severe handicap showed a statistically significant influence on nonresponse (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4 and OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.2) and postal response (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3 and OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0–9.9), respectively. At the age of 19 years, primary school and special education were found significantly more frequent in the postal responders than in the full-response group (20% and 21% vs 6% and 12%). The full responders, on the other hand, were higher educated than were the postal responders. Conclusions. In this follow-up study at the age of 19 years, boys, non-Dutch adolescents, and low maternal education were overrepresented in the nonresponse and postal-response groups. Nonresponse decreased the proportion of infants with adverse outcome in assessed children. To be able to present reliable results for the total group of survivors in long-term follow-up studies, the nonresponse bias needs to be quantified. Therefore, it is evident that more research using statistical methods such as imputation of missing data is needed.
Risky Business: The Market for Unprotected Commercial Sex

While condoms are an effective defense against the transmission of HIV, large numbers of sex workers are not using them. We argue that some sex workers are willing to take the risk because clients are willing to pay more to avoid using condoms. Using data from Mexico, we estimate that sex workers received a 23 percent premium for unprotected sex. The premium represents a value of one life year of between $14,760 and $51,832 or one to five times annual earnings. The premium jumped to 46 percent if the sex worker was considered very attractive, a measure of bargaining power.
Sustainable Urban Development and the Challenge of Policy Integration: An Assessment of Planning Tools for Integrating Spatial and Environmental Planning in the Netherlands

Over the last 10–15 years, urban planners in the Netherlands have been given more policy space for defining area-specific environmental ambitions, in an attempt to promote further the integration of environmental and urban planning. This increased policy space has offered new opportunities, but also poses new challenges for urban planners. Urban planners often appear to struggle with the issue of how to come to an operationalization of area-specific urban environmental quality. Various planning tools exist that can assist planners with these tasks. In this paper we distinguish between ‘substance-oriented’ tools such as environmental impact assessments and ‘process-oriented’ tools that facilitate interaction and consensus building among planners and stakeholders. Recently, in the Netherlands, a distinct type of ‘hybrid’ planning tool has been developed specifically for defining area-based environmental ambitions in spatial plans, coupled with the development of measures for attaining these ambitions. However, little research has been conducted into how these planning tools perform in practice and how this can be understood, especially in comparison with more traditional ‘substance-oriented’ and ‘process-oriented’ planning tools. In this paper we assess the added value of the new hybrid tools on the basis of an analysis of three exemplary case studies. Although the tools seem to be helpful in assisting urban planners to better integration of environmental and spatial planning, there are some aspects that deserve more attention, including the identification of financial consequences of environmental ambitions, and guidelines for dealing with controversies. Future research is recommended into the influence of the hybrid tools on their sociopolitical contexts, their performance in comparison with other hybrid planning tools, and their effective design.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Lactuca Alliance (Cichorieae Subtribe Lactucinae, Asteraceae) with Focus on Their Chinese Centre of Diversity Detects Potential Events of Reticulation and Chloroplast Capture

The first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the Cichorieae subtribe Lactucinae is provided. Sequences for two datasets, one of the nuclear rDNA ITS region, the other of five concatenated non-coding chloroplast DNA markers including the petD region and the psbA-trnH, 5′trnL(UAA)-trnF, rpl32-trnL(UAG) and trnQ(UUG)-5′rps16 spacers, were, with few exceptions, newly generated for 130 samples of 78 species. The sampling spans the entire subtribe Lactucinae while focusing on its Chinese centre of diversity; more than 3/4 of the Chinese Lactucinae species are represented. The nuclear and plastid phylogenies inferred from the two independent datasets show various hard topological incongruences. They concern the internal topology of major lineages, in one case the placement of taxa in major lineages, the relationships between major lineages and even the circumscription of the subtribe, indicating potential events of ancient as well as of more recent reticulation and chloroplast capture in the evolution of the subtribe. The core of the subtribe is clearly monophyletic, consisting of the six lineages, Cicerbita, Cicerbita II, Lactuca, Melanoseris, Notoseris and Paraprenanthes. The Faberia lineage and the monospecific Prenanthes purpurea lineage are part of a monophyletic subtribe Lactucinae only in the nuclear or plastid phylogeny, respectively. Morphological and karyological support for their placement is considered. In the light of the molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and of additional morphological data, the conflicting taxonomies of the Chinese Lactuca alliance are discussed and it is concluded that the major lineages revealed are best treated at generic rank. An improved species level taxonomy of the Chinese Lactucinae is outlined; new synonymies and some new combinations are provided.
Policy Implications of Achievement Testing Using Multilevel Models: The Case of Brazilian Elementary Schools

Large-scale educational assessment has been established as source of descriptive, evaluative and interpretative information that influence educational policies worldwide throughout the last third of the twentieth century. In the 1990s the Brazilian Ministry of Education developed the National Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) that regularly measures management, resource and contextual school features and academic achievement in public and private institutions. In 2005, after significant piloting and review of the SAEB, a new sampling strategy was taken and Prova Brasil became the new instrument used by the Ministry to assess skills in Portuguese (reading comprehension) and Mathematics (problem solving), as well as collecting contextual information concerning the school, principal, teacher, and the students. This study aims to identify which variables are predictors of academic achievement of fifth grade students on Prova Brasil. Across a large sample of students, multilevel models tested a large number of variables relevant to student achievement. This approach uncovered critical variables not commonly seen as significant in light of other achievement determinants, including student habits, teacher ethnicity, and school technological resources. As such, this approach demonstrates the value of MLM to appropriately nuanced educational policies that reflect critical influences on student achievement. Its implications for wider application for psychology studies that may have relevant impacts for policy are also discussed.