Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical calculation of the recirculation factor in flameless furnaces

This paper performs calculations of the recirculation factor in simulations of a flameless combustion furnace with different percentages of oxygen in air (from 21% to 100% O 2 ). Results are compared with Magnussen’s recirculation theory and show that when there are chemical reactions, the recirculation results are overpredicted. An alternative correlation to Magnussen’s theory is proposed, useful in calculating the recirculation factor in flameless furnaces. Also, calculation of the recirculation factor obtained through numerical simulation for different configurations of confined jets taken from literature which do not involve chemical reactions, when compared with the recirculation confined jet theories of Craya-Curtet, Thring-Newby and Magnussen show that as recirculation increases, all the theories overpredict the recirculation factor.
Mjerenje kvalitete usluge primarne zdravstvene zaštite SERVQUAL instrumentom

Rad je posvecen razmatranjima problematike mjerenja kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga. Prikazani su teorijski doprinosi o specificnostima marketinga usluga u zdravstvu i mjerenju kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga sto ukljucuje i navođenje rezultata prethodnih istraživanja kojima je mjereno zadovoljstvo korisnika zdravstvenih usluga. Posebna pozornost usmjerena je na prikaz najcesce koristenog modela za mjerenje kvalitete usluga SERVQUAL, koji je ujedno i siroko prihvacen za mjerenje kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga. U radu su izneseni rezultati provedenog istraživanja o kvaliteti zdravstvenih usluga pruženih u ustanovama primarne zdravstvene zastite u Gradu Zagrebu i Zagrebackoj županiji (s posebnim naglaskom na javne zdravstvene ustanove) primjenom SERVQUAL instrumenta. Istraženo je koliko hrvatski korisnici zdravstvenih usluga koriste usluge javnih, a koliko privatnih ustanova primarne zdravstvene zastite. Pokusalo se odrediti koliku važnost pridaju pojedinim dimenzijama kvalitete usluga te odrediti postoje li znacajna odstupanja između percepcija i ocekivanja korisnika o kvaliteti usluga koje se pružaju u ustanovama primarne zdravstvene zastite. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji znacajan jaz između percepcija i ocekivanja korisnika usluga te da se jaz razlikuje za razlicite dimenzije kvalitete usluga. Uprave javnih ustanova primarne zdravstvene zastite moraju poboljsati uslugu prema svim dimenzijama kvalitete, ali posebnu pozornost moraju obratiti kod onih dimenzija gdje je zabilježen najveci jaz: »odgovornost«, »sigurnost« i »pouzdanost«. Nije utvrđena povezanost između velicine izmjerenog jaza za pojedinu dimenziju kvalitete usluge i znacajnosti te dimenzije za korisnike usluga, a u odnosu na ostale dimenzije. Rad može biti poticaj upravama i zaposlenicima u zdravstvenim ustanovama za buduca mjerenja kvalitete zdravstvenih usluga kojima bi se identificirali elementi koje treba poboljsati u cilju veceg zadovoljstva korisnika.
Toward a His and Hers Theory of Emotion: Gender Differences in Visceral Perception

The perception of internal cues associated with emotion, hunger, and other bodily states is dependent on both internal physiological and external situational cues. Several studies demonstrate that when situational cues are experimentally controlled, males are consistently more accurate than females at detecting variable physiological signals such as blood glucose levels, heart rate, and blood pressure levels. In naturalistic settings replete with multiple situational cues, however, females and males are equally accurate in detecting their biological states
3: Teacher Education in Science

In an earlier issue of the Review, Burnett (1964) commented on the scarcity of research findings leading toward sound modifications of practice in science teacher education. He gave illustrations of the abundance of "normative studies, particularly those designed to determine college scientific and pedagogic credits earned by science teachers. " To an unfortunate degree this condition still obtains. Furthermore, it appears that a far greater proportion of the literature devoted to science teacher education is concerned with descriptive reporting and what might be termed "reasoned editorializing" than with research findings that might lead to sound modifications of practice. There are some straws in the wind that indicate an increased movement toward restructuring science teacher education on the basis of valid research evidence, and this is encouraging. More attention is being paid to teacher personality, the effects of teachers' classroom behaviors, and the implications of these effects for science teacher education. Efforts are being made to identify the competencies desirable in a beginning science teacher. There is a growing emphasis on determining more realistic approaches to in-service education and the effects of various components of preparation programs on the eventual classroom performance of science teachers.
Gadolinium Retention, Brain T1 Hyperintensity, and Endogenous Metals

Objectives This preclinical study was designed to compare gadolinium (Gd) brain uptake after repeated injections of a macrocyclic Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA) (gadoterate meglumine) or 2 linear GBCAs (L-GBCAs) (gadobenate dimeglumine or gadodiamide) on a translational model of moderate renal impairment in rats. Methods The study was carried out in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Animals received 4 intravenous injections per week of GBCA (gadoterate meglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine, or gadodiamide) for 5 weeks, resulting in a cumulative dose of 12 mmol/kg, followed by a 1-month injection-free period. T1 hyperintensity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCNs) was investigated, and brain structures were carefully dissected to determine elemental Gd, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) distribution by mass spectrometry. Urinary excretion of endogenous metals was also investigated soon after GBCA administration and several days later in order to assess a potential transmetalation phenomenon. Results Unlike gadoterate, repeated injections of L-GBCAs gadobenate and gadodiamide both induced T1 hyperintensity in the DCNs. Fine dissection of cerebral and cerebellar structures demonstrated very low levels or absence of Gd after repeated injections of gadoterate, in contrast to the two L-GBCAs, for which the highest total Gd concentration was demonstrated in the DCNs (Gd concentration in DCNs after 4.5 weeks of injection-free period: 27.1 ± 6.5 nmol/g for gadodiamide [P < 0.01 vs saline and P < 0.05 vs gadoterate]; 12.0 ± 2.6 nmol/g for gadobenate [P < 0.09 vs saline]; compared with 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/g for gadoterate [ns vs saline]). The distribution of Gd concentration among the various brain structures dissected was also well correlated with the Fe distribution in these structures. No difference in endogenous metal levels in brain structures was observed. However, injection of gadobenate or gadodiamide resulted in an increase in urinary Zn excretion (urinary Zn concentrations: 57.9 ± 20.5 nmol/mL with gadobenate [P < 0.01 vs gadoterate and saline] and 221.6 ± 83.3 nmol/L with gadodiamide [P < 0.0001 vs all other treatments] vs 8.1 ± 2.3 nmol/L with saline and 10.6 ± 4.8 nmol/L with gadoterate]). Conclusions In a model of renally impaired rats, only traces of gadoterate meglumine were detected in the brain with no T1 hyperintensity of the DCNs, whereas marked Gd retention was observed in almost all brain areas after injections of the L-GBCAs, gadobenate dimeglumine and gadodiamide. Brain structures with higher Gd uptake corresponded to those structures containing more Fe. Urinary Zn excretion was significantly increased after a single injection of L-GBCAs.
New developments in immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation

The introduction of new immunosuppressive agents and protocols has improved outcomes for renal transplant recipients by decreasing the risk of rejection and by increasing the function and lifespan of the allograft. This article reviews the major changes in the combinations of therapies used: calcineurin inhibitors, target of rapamycin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, non-depleting monoclonal versus depleting monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for induction and increasing emphasis on protocols for reduction or avoidance of steroids and calcineurin inhibitors. The new agents with novel immunological targets such as anti-CD40 ligand, LEA29Y, FTY720, anti-CD20 (rituximab, Rituxan™, Mabthera™) and anti-CH52 (alemtuzumab, Campath™), which are under development but have yet to survive the rigors of clinical trials are also discussed. In the presence of low early rejection rates, immunosuppressive therapy is setting new goals such as better graft function (glomerular filtration rates), reduction in adverse effects such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and drug toxicity and, above all, the prevention of late graft deterioration.
Beyond the Use of Full Scale IQ Scores

The purpose of the present study was to examine the WISC-R profiles of a sample of intellectually gifted students with respect to idiographic and normative variability in performance between scales and among subtests. The sample consisted of 26 intellectually gifted students (WISC R Full Scale IQ ≥ 130) who had been assessed for possible GT placement. The results of the study indicated that even among a highly homogeneous ability group, significant variability in levels of performance, reflecting individual differences across diverse cognitive ability areas, exist. While 84.6% of the sample was characterized by idiographic strengths and/or weaknesses, 96% of the sample obtained only normatively average-ability scaled scores on one or more WISC-R subtests. Implications for selection decisions and instruction are discussed.
Advocacy 2.0: An Analysis of How Advocacy Groups in the United States Perceive and Use Social Media as Tools for Facilitating Civic Engagement and Collective Action

Can social media promote civic engagement and collective action? Advocacy organizations think so. Obar, Zube, and Lampe surveyed 169 individuals from 53 advocacy groups of diverse interests and sizes and identified a revealing trend. All groups admitted that they use social media technologies to communicate with citizens almost every day. Respondents also believe that social media enable them to accomplish their advocacy and organizational goals across a range of specified activities. The authors note that the relationship between this and real political and ideological change is still speculative, but suggest that future studies can build on their research.
U.S. Southern and Northern Differences in Perceptions of Norms About Aggression

This article explores one reason why norms for male honor-related aggression persist in the U.S. South, even though they may no longer be functional. The authors suggest that, in addition to cultural differences in internalized honor-related values, southerners are more likely than northerners to perceive peer endorsement of aggression norms. Study 1 found that southern males were especially likely to overestimate the aggressiveness of their peers. Study 2 tested the hypothesis that southerners would be more likely to actively encourage aggressive behavior in others, but no support was found. However, Study 3 found that southern men were more likely than northern men to perceive others as encouraging aggression when witnessing interpersonal conflicts. Together, these studies suggest that southern males are more likely than their northern counterparts to assume their peers endorse and enforce norms of aggression that can lead to the perpetuation of norms for honorable violence above and beyond any differences in internalized values.
Inspired by Hope, Motivated by Envy: Comparing the Effects of Discrete Emotions in the Process of Social Comparison to Media Figures

Despite considerable research and theorizing regarding the process of social comparison, limited attention has been given to the role of discrete emotions in this context, particularly as they may influence the behavioral responses resulting from comparison to similar others. In the context of cosmetic surgery makeover programs, we explore how discrete emotions may mediate the effects of social comparison on behavior and how different emotions, envy and hope in particular, may differentially relate to behavioral motivation. Based on the survey responses of 236 female students, results suggest that social comparison to media figures correlates with a range of emotional responses as well as with behavioral motivation for invasive cosmetic enhancements. Envy maintained a significantly greater association with behavioral motivation than hope or any other emotional response. Further, mediational analyses were consistent with the argument that envy, but not hope, mediates the social comparison–behavioral motivation relationship. The relationship between character identification and social comparison, as well as processes associated with downward social comparison, are also explored. This research helps illuminate the driving mechanism for social comparison's effects on behavior and has implications for better understanding how media exposure may stimulate this process.
[An investigation on the prevalence of internet addiction disorder in middle school students of Hunan province].

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of internet addiction disorder (IAD) in middle school students of Hunan and to explore its risk factors. METHODS 5760 middle school students and their parents were sampled at random in Hunan province using two-stage sampling (stratified sampling and cluster sampling) method. The ten-item diagnosis tool for IAD, self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, interpersonal sensitivity subscale of symptom checklist, family assessment device, parenting locus of control scale, and self-developed questionnaire were employed together to gather related data. 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to describe the prevalence of IAD. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were employed respectively to compare the differences of IAD prevalence among different subpopulations and to explore the possible influential factors. RESULTS The overall prevalence of IAD in middle school students of Hunan was 5.52%, with 95% CI as 4.84-6.20. IAD prevalence rates between males and females, being or not being monitored in the class and among different grades, showed significant differences (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found between single child or having siblings in the family, being at key middle school or ordinary middle school, or within residential areas, (P > 0.05). Gender, tired of going to school, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, peer influence in haunting at internet bars, father's education level, the number of recreational settings in the community etc. were the influencing factors of IAD, with ORs as 0.281, 3.469, 2.318, 1.710, 1.877, 1.456, 1.273 and 0.726 respectively (P < 0.10). CONCLUSION The prevalence of IAD in middle school students of Hunan was moderate compared to the reported prevalence rates in other provinces. Gender and peer influence in haunting at internet bars and other 6 factors were suggested to be correlated with IAD events.
Foundations and Assumptions of the Scientist-Practitioner Model

The scientist-practitioner model is founded on the ideology that trained professional psychologists should be knowledgeable in both research and clinical practice. Emphasis should be placed on the successful integration of science and practice, where the relationship between the two variables is carefully considered. Education and training in either research or practice alone, or concurrently without integration, is viewed as not fulfilling the requirements of this model. Furthermore, there are three vital assumptions of the scientist-practitioner model. The first assumption is that professionals with knowledge and skills related to research will facilitate effective psychological services. The second assumption identified research as imperative to the development of a scientific database. Last, the creators of the scientist-practitioner model assumed that direct involvement in clinical practice by researchers will result in studies on important social issues. Each assumption incorporates the integration of science and practice.
Orientation-Free Representations from Navigation through a Computer-Simulated Environment

Navigating through an environment and viewing a map of that environment can result in different types of cognitive representation. Maps are typically encoded in the same onentation that they are viewed, while navigation results in an orientation-free representation. The present study concerns the orientation specificity of spatial knowledge following navigation in a computer-simulated space. Subjects either explored a simulated 3-D environment by navigating through it, or were presented with a map-like single orientation plan view of the same environment. When asked to indicate the direction of test objects that were not directly visible from within the simulation, response latencies suggested that the navigafton group had an orientation-free representation while the map group had an orientation-specific representation. We conclude that navigation in computer-simulated space and real space lead to similar kinds of spatial knowledge.
DE LA CEREMONIE COMPTABLE DANS LES RAPPORTS DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE

Despite the great amount of CSR disclosures, most of the ‘sustainability reports' are of poor credibility, raising the question of their quality. Previous research has investigated some determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting relying on scores of social or environmental disclosures. Each study uses different scores with reference to the level, the nature, the signification, or the auditability of the information disclosed (Gray et al., 1995; Cormier & al., 2005). The present study proposes to develop an integrated frame to analyse CSR reports based upon common reporting principles. We develop the idea that endeavours of the firm to make CSR reporting as credible as financial reporting by the use of the same implicit principles is a signal of “accounting ceremony”. By the way of a multivariate data analysis on the French SBF 120 Stock Index, we confront two models, an institutional model and a mixed model with institutional and cost-benefit framework variables. The institutional model appears to be of higher significance.
A New Classification for the Relationship between Periodontal, Periapical, and Peri-implant Complications

Introduction There are numerous studies supporting the high success rate of dental implants used for reconstruction of missing teeth. However, complications like mucositis and peri-implantitis are increasingly reported. Placement of dental implants in partially edentulous patients is associated with the risk of peri-implant diseases, especially when an old or a new inflammatory lesion is present adjacent to the implant site. Although no consensus has been reached on the difference in prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis between fully and partially edentulous patients, available data clearly show that the combination of periodontal lesion and peri-implantitis is a possible risk factor for further complications. Several classification systems have been suggested for determination of the severity of disease around dental implants. However, no classification has been proposed for combined biological complications around teeth and implants. This study reviews the possible pathologic communication routes between natural dentition and the implants installed adjacent to them. Furthermore, we introduce a new classification system for the peri-implant disease in association with natural teeth called “PIST”. This system was designed based on the origin of the defects in order to clarify the different pathological situations which can be detected around dental implant. Using this classification system can help improve diagnosis, comparison and subsequent selection of the best treatment option.
Intact Lysosome Transport and Phagosome Function Despite Kinectin Deficiency

ABSTRACT The mechanism of cargo coupling to kinesin motor proteins is a fundamental issue in organelle transport along microtubules. Kinectin has been postulated to function as a membrane anchor protein that attaches various organelles to the prototype motor protein kinesin. To verify the biological relevance of kinectin in vivo, the murine kinectin gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. Unexpectedly, kinectin-deficient mice were viable and fertile, and no gross abnormalities were observed up to 1 year of age. The assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum was essentially unaffected in kinectin-deficient cells. Mitochondria appeared to be correctly distributed throughout the cytoplasm along the microtubules. Furthermore, the stationary distribution and the bidirectional movement of lysosomes did not depend on kinectin. Kinectin-deficient phagocytes internalized and cleared bacteria, indicating that phagosome trafficking and maturation are functional without kinectin. Thus, these data unequivocally indicate that kinectin is not essential for trafficking of lysosomes, phagosomes, and mitochondria in vivo.
Computational generation and screening of RNA motifs in large nucleotide sequence pools

Although identification of active motifs in large random sequence pools is central to RNA in vitro selection, no systematic computational equivalent of this process has yet been developed. We develop a computational approach that combines target pool generation, motif scanning and motif screening using secondary structure analysis for applications to 1012–1014-sequence pools; large pool sizes are made possible using program redesign and supercomputing resources. We use the new protocol to search for aptamer and ribozyme motifs in pools up to experimental pool size (1014 sequences). We show that motif scanning, structure matching and flanking sequence analysis, respectively, reduce the initial sequence pool by 6–8, 1–2 and 1 orders of magnitude, consistent with the rare occurrence of active motifs in random pools. The final yields match the theoretical yields from probability theory for simple motifs and overestimate experimental yields, which constitute lower bounds, for aptamers because screening analyses beyond secondary structure information are not considered systematically. We also show that designed pools using our nucleotide transition probability matrices can produce higher yields for RNA ligase motifs than random pools. Our methods for generating, analyzing and designing large pools can help improve RNA design via simulation of aspects of in vitro selection.
Children's conception of changes in the state of matter: From liquid (or solid) to gas

This research examines children's (ages 9–15) conception of changes in the state of matter from liquid or solid to gas, as well as their understanding of the reversibility of this process. Children were tested for their ability to conserve matter, its identity, and its weight in tasks using evaporation of acetone and sublimation of iodine. It was found that children who recognized weight conservation in one of the tasks did not necessarily recognize the same in the second task. Students believed that gas has no weight, or that gas is lighter than the same material in its liquid or solid state. In addition, students who recognized weight conservation were not always aware of the reversibility of the process. Until the age of 12 specific perceptual input from the task (e.g., color) dramatically influenced students' responses to the conservation of weight task. The relationship between children's intuitive ideas about matter, as observed in this study, and their logical ability to conserve weight, as observed in this study, is discussed.