Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Momentum – Reversal Strategy

Various theories have been presented to explain momentum and reversals in stock returns. Based on the model of Hong and Stein (1999), this paper creates a hybrid strategy to avoid the losses from the reversal phase. The risk-adjusted returns of the new strategy are significantly higher than those of the traditional momentum strategy. Moreover, the risk-adjusted returns of the new strategy cannot be fully explained by Carhart’s four-factor model. Such a finding is robust in different time periods and size quintiles. Overall, this paper exploits the interaction between heterogeneous investors and generates distinctive applications.
University-to-industry knowledge transfer: literature review and unanswered questions

This paper reviews the economic literature concerning university-to-industry knowledge transfer. Papers on this topic are divided into four categories. Research in the 'firm characteristics' category focuses directly on company issues, such as internal organization, resource allocation, and partnerships. In contrast, research in the 'university characteristics' stream pays little attention to the firms that commercialize inventions, but rather focuses on issues relating to the university, such as licensing strategies, incentives for professors to patent, and policies such as taking equity in return for intellectual property. The 'geography in terms of localized spillovers' stream of research considers the spatial relationship between firms and universities relative to performance in terms of knowledge transfer success. Finally, the 'channels of knowledge transfer' literature examines the relative importance of various transfer pathways between universities and firms, such as publications, patents, and consulting. Each of these research streams is discussed and key papers are described highlighting important methodologies and results. Finally, an outline of topics requiring further research in each of the four categories is offered.
Trust in context: The development of interpersonal trust in geographically distributed work

Increased competition, globalization, and greater availability of communication technologies have lead to an increase in the number of geographically distributed teams. The distribution of these teams creates new contexts for team members that may make trust simultaneously more difficult and more important. In this chapter, we used data from 108 dyads on 12 globally distributed student project teams to compare the development of trust in collocated and distributed dyads. We find evidence that trust is more stable in distributed dyads – it increases less, but it also decreases less than in collocated dyads. Members of distributed dyads appear to retain stable perceptions of their team members’ trustworthiness that, in turn, affect their perceptions of their team members’ performance. In contrast, collocated dyads appear to update their perceptions of trustworthiness based on their perceptions of their team members’ performance. We conclude that the context in which people are working may have a significant impact on the way that trust is developed.
ON-OFF Interactions in the Retina: Role of Glycine and GABA

In the vertebrate retina, visual signals are segregated into parallel ON and OFF pathways, which provide information for light increments and decrements. The segregation is first evident at the level of the ON and OFF bipolar cells and it apparently remains as signals propagate to higher brain visual centers. A fundamental question in visual neuroscience is how these two parallel pathways function: are they independent from each other or do they interact somehow? In the latter case, what kinds of mechanisms are involved and what are the consequences from this cross-talk? This review summarizes current knowledge about the types of interactions between the ON and OFF channels in nonmammalian and mammalian retina. Data concerning the ON-OFF interactions in distal retina revealed by recording of single bipolar cell activity and electroretinographic ON (b-wave) and OFF (d-wave) responses are presented. Special emphasis is put on the ON-OFF interactions in proximal retina and their dependence on the state of light adaptation in mammalian retina. The involvement of the GABAergic and glycinergic systems in the ON-OFF crosstalk is also discussed.
Observations of PSR J2021+3651 and its X-Ray Pulsar Wind Nebula G75.2+0.1

We present the results from X-ray and radio observations of the recently discovered young Vela-like pulsar PSR J2021+3651, which is coincident with the EGRET γ-ray source GeV 2020+3658. A 19.0 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation has revealed a ~20′′ × 10′′ pulsar wind nebula that is reminiscent of the equatorial tori seen around some young pulsars, along with thermal emission from an embedded point source (kT∞ = 0.15 ± 0.02 keV). We have named the nebula G75.2+0.1. Its spectrum is well fitted by an absorbed power-law model with a photon index of Γ = 1.7, a hydrogen column density of NH = (7.8) × 1021 cm-2, and an unabsorbed 0.5-10.0 keV flux of (1.7 ± 0.1) × 10-12 ergs cm-2 s-1. We have spatially fitted G75.2+0.1 with a model that assumes a toroidal morphology, and from this we infer that the axis of the torus is highly inclined to the line of sight. A 20.8 ks Chandra observation in continuous-clocking mode reveals a possible pulse detection, with a pulsed fraction of ~65% and an H-test probability of occurring by chance of 8.9 × 10-5. Timing observations with the Arecibo radio telescope spanning 2 yr show that PSR J2021+3651 glitched sometime between MJD 52,616 and 52,645 with parameters Δν/ν = (2.587 ± 0.002) × 10-6 and Δ/ = (6.2 ± 0.3) × 10-3, similar to those of the largest glitches observed in the Vela pulsar. PSR J2021+3651 is heavily scattered (τsc = 17.7 ± 0.9 ms at 1 GHz) and exhibits a significant amount of timing noise.
Spanish-speaking parents' perceptions of school- based crisis response.

SPANISH-SPEAKING PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL-BASED CRISIS RESPONSE Brenda Dean Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education Educational Specialist American schools are becoming increasingly diverse. With the increasing diversity in school enrollment, professionals are faced with the challenge of providing culturally sensitive services in all areas, including crisis intervention planning. Additionally, language differences also affect help-seeking behaviors and may serve as a strong barrier to effective service delivery. Taking into account individual school and district demographics, schools must consider strategies to best meet the needs of students and families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. As a starting point, this thesis provides an overview of the literature on school crisis response. Current demographics in U.S. public schools, the perceptions of school safety, and crisis intervention planning will be discussed. Cultural perspectives of trauma will be addressed, considering community resources, help-seeking behavior, and
Unmasking tuberculosis in the era of antiretroviral treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) can develop soon after antiretroviral treatment initiation, as the result of restoration of the anti-TB specific immune response. This form of the disease is often defined as “unmasked TB”, and it represents a major challenge for severely immune-suppressed HIV-infected subjects initiating treatment. Emergence of previously unrecognised TB disease occurs frequently in countries where TB/HIV co-infection is common, and where antiretroviral treatment has become increasingly accessible. The challenges posed by unmasked TB, such as its high incidence, the lack of reliable diagnostic tools and the uncertainties on its optimal management, may hamper our ability to face the TB/HIV epidemic. Therefore, unmasked TB appears a major threat to global health and poses additional barriers to successful HIV/AIDS care and treatment programmes. This review focuses on the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of unmasked TB, and provides evidence-based recommendations for management and care of the disease.
Rational and Self-Fulfilling Balance-of-Payments Crises

The recent balance-of-payments literature shows that-speculative attacks on a pegged exchange rate must sometimes-occur if the path of the rate is riot to offer abnormal profit opportunities. Such attacks are fully rational, as they reflect the market's response to a regime breakdown that is inevitable.This paper shows that, given certain expectations about policy, balance-of-payments crises can also be purely self-fulfilling events. In such cases even a permanently viable regime maybreak down, and the economy will possess multiple equilibria corresponding to different subjective assessments of the probability of collapse. The behavior of domestic interest rates and foreign reserves will naturally reflect the possibility of a speculative attack. Work on foreign-exchange crises derives from the natural-resource literature initiated by Salant and Henderson (1978),where the definition of "abnormal" profit opportunities is straightforward. Because the definition is not always straight-forward in a monetary context, this paper also shows how crises occur in a discrete-time stochastic monetary model when an eventual breakdown is inevitable.
The Origin of T Tauri X-Ray Emission: New Insights from the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project

The Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP) provides the most comprehensive data set ever acquired on the X-ray emission of pre-main-sequence stars. In this paper, we study the nearly 600 X-ray sources that can be reliably identified with optically well-characterized T Tauri stars (TTSs) in the Orion Nebula Cluster. With a detection limit of LX, min ~ 1027.3 ergs s-1 for lightly absorbed sources, we detect X-ray emission from more than 97% of the optically visible late-type (spectral types F-M) cluster stars. This proves that there is no "X-ray-quiet" population of late-type stars with suppressed magnetic activity. We use this exceptional optical, infrared, and X-ray data set to study the dependencies of the X-ray properties on other stellar parameters. All TTSs with known rotation periods lie in the saturated or supersaturated regime of the relation between activity and Rossby numbers seen for main-sequence (MS) stars, but the TTSs show a much larger scatter in X-ray activity than that seen for the MS stars. Strong near-linear relations between X-ray luminosities, bolometric luminosities, and mass are present. We also find that the fractional X-ray luminosity LX/Lbol rises slowly with mass over the 0.1-2 M☉ range. The plasma temperatures determined from the X-ray spectra of the TTSs are much hotter than in MS stars but seem to follow a general solar-stellar correlation between plasma temperature and activity level. The scatter about the relations between X-ray activity and stellar parameters is larger than the expected effects of X-ray variability, uncertainties in the variables, and unresolved binaries. This large scatter seems to be related to the influence of accretion on the X-ray emission. While the X-ray activity of the nonaccreting TTSs is consistent with that of rapidly rotating MS stars, the accreting stars are less X-ray active (by a factor of ~2-3 on average) and produce much less well-defined correlations than the nonaccretors. We discuss possible reasons for the suppression of X-ray emission by accretion and the implications of our findings on long-standing questions related to the origin of the X-ray emission from young stars, considering in particular the location of the X-ray-emitting structures and inferences for pre-main-sequence magnetic dynamos.
Modeling Honey Bee Populations

Eusocial honey bee populations (Apis mellifera) employ an age stratification organization of egg, larvae, pupae, hive bees and foraging bees. Understanding the recent decline in honey bee colonies hinges on understanding the factors that impact each of these different age castes. We first perform an analysis of steady state bee populations given mortality rates within each bee caste and find that the honey bee colony is highly susceptible to hive and pupae mortality rates. Subsequently, we study transient bee population dynamics by building upon the modeling foundation established by Schmickl and Crailsheim and Khoury et al. Our transient model based on differential equations accounts for the effects of pheromones in slowing the maturation of hive bees to foraging bees, the increased mortality of larvae in the absence of sufficient hive bees, and the effects of food scarcity. We also conduct sensitivity studies and show the effects of parameter variations on the colony population.
Children's and Parents’ Evaluations of ‘FRIENDS for Life’, an Indicated School-Based Prevention Program for Children With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

There is evidence that the school-based program FRIENDS for Life is effective in preventing childhood anxiety and depression. Effectiveness is, however, not the only prerequisite for successful implementation. Participants’ evaluation of a prevention program may provide suggestions about how to fine-tune it to fit the needs of the target population. This study investigated children's and parents’ evaluations of the Dutch version of FRIENDS for Life. Forty-four participants of FRIENDS for Life (9–13 years) participated in online focus groups and 38 parents were interviewed in 2011–2012. Questions concerned the general opinion about the program, its perceived effectiveness and group atmosphere, and suggestions for program improvement. Most children (95.5%) and parents (65.8%) evaluated the program positively, and the majority (61.4% and 76.3%) thought that it had been useful in changing the child's behaviour. Children and parents expressed complementary views about the behaviours the child had learned. Some children (38.6%) expressed negative opinions about the program. Parents’ attendance at parent meetings was low (31.6–36.8%). Considered together with the growing evidence of the effectiveness of FRIENDS for Life, we concluded that it can be successfully implemented as an indicated prevention program in primary schools for children who show symptoms of anxiety or depression. Efforts could be made to increase parents’ involvement in the program.
Comparative study of machine learning algorithms for activity recognition with data sequence in home-like environment

Activity recognition is a key problem in multi-sensor systems. With data collected from different sensors, a multi-sensor system identifies activities performed by the inhabitants. Since an activity always lasts a certain duration, it is beneficial to use data sequence for the desired recognition. In this work, we experiment several machine learning techniques, including Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Meta-Layer Network for solving this problem. We observe that (1) compare with “single-frame” activity recognition, data sequence based classification gives better performance; and (2) directly using data sequence information with a simple “mete layer” network model yields a better performance than memory based deep learning approaches.
Visuomotor Priming

Two experiments were performed to explore a possible visuomotor priming effect. The participants were instructed to fixate a cross on a computer screen and to respond, when the cross changed colour (“go” signal), by grasping one of two objects with their right hand. The participants knew in advance the nature of the to-be-grasped object and the appropriate motor response. Before (100 msec), simultaneously with or after (100 msec) the “go” signal, a two-dimensional picture of an object (the prime), centred around the fixation cross, was presented. The prime was not predictive of the nature of the to-be-grasped object. There was a congruent condition, in which the prime depicted the to-be-grasped object, an incongruent condition, in which the prime depicted the other object, and a neutral condition, in which either no prime was shown or the prime depicted an object that did not belong to the set of to-be-grasped objects. It was found that, in the congruent condition, reaction time for initiating a grasping movement was reduced. These results provide evidence of visuomotor priming.
Coordination in software development

Since its inception, the software industry has been in crisis. As Blazer noted 20 years ago, “[Software] is unreliable, delivered late, unresponsive to change, inefficient, and expensive … and has been for the past 20 years” [4]. In a survey of software contractors and government contract officers, over half of the respondents believed that calendar overruns, cost overruns, code that required in-house modifications before being usable, and code that was difficult to modify were common problems in the software projects they supervised [22]. Even today, problems with software systems are common and highly-publicized occurrences.
Latent Block Model for Contingency Table

Although many clustering procedures aim to construct an optimal partition of objects or, sometimes, variables, there are other methods, called block clustering methods, which simultaneously consider the two sets and organize the data into homogeneous blocks. This kind of method has practical importance in a wide variety of applications such as text and market basket data analysis. Typically, the data that arise in these applications are arranged as a two-way contingency table. Using Poisson distributions, a latent block model for these data is proposed and, setting it under the maximum likelihood approach and the classification maximum likelihood approach, various algorithms are provided. Their performances are evaluated and compared to a simple use of EM or CEM applied separately on the rows and columns of the contingency table.
The National Origins of Policy Ideas: Knowledge Regimes in the United States, France, Germany, and Denmark

In politics, ideas matter. They provide the foundation for economic policymaking, which in turn shapes what is possible in domestic and international politics. Yet until now, little attention has been paid to how these ideas are produced and disseminated, and how this process varies between countries. The National Origins of Policy Ideas provides the first comparative analysis of how “knowledge regimes”—communities of policy research organizations like think tanks, political party foundations, ad hoc commissions, and state research offices, and the institutions that govern them—generate ideas and communicate them to policymakers. John Campbell and Ove Pedersen examine how knowledge regimes are organized, operate, and have changed over the last thirty years in the United States, France, Germany, and Denmark. They show how there are persistent national differences in how policy ideas are produced. Some countries do so in contentious, politically partisan ways, while others are cooperative and consensus oriented. They find that while knowledge regimes have adopted some common practices since the 1970s, tendencies toward convergence have been limited and outcomes have been heavily shaped by national contexts. Drawing on extensive interviews with top officials at leading policy research organizations, this book demonstrates why knowledge regimes are as important to capitalism as the state and the firm, and sheds new light on debates about the effects of globalization, the rise of neoliberalism, and the orientation of comparative political economy in political science and sociology.
El traspaso de movimientos del tipo de cambio a los precios. Un análisis para la economía mexicana

En este documento se analiza el traspaso de movimientos en el tipo de cambio a diferentes indices de precios en Mexico. El analisis se basa en un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para datos mensuales de enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2010. Los efectos del traspaso se calculan utilizando los impulsos respuesta acumulados de un choque al tipo de cambio que se identifica mediante el metodo recursivo. Los resultados muestran que el traspaso a los precios de las importaciones es completo, pero que el grado de traspaso disminuye a lo largo de la cadena de distribucion, de tal manera que el efecto en los precios al consumidor es menor a 20%. Ademas, se encuentra que el traspaso a los precios al consumidor parece disminuir considerablemente a partir de 2001, lo cual coincide con la adopcion del esquema de objetivos de inflacion por parte del Banco de Mexico.
Does national sporting performance affect stock market returns in South Africa

This study explores whether South African national sporting performance can influence investors in such a way that it has the ability to impact on market returns. Using standard event study methodology, this study determines the constant mean return using the daily All-Share price index on the JSE for the period of 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2010. This study focuses on three of South Africa’s most popular sports, namely soccer, cricket and rugby, and examines if these three sports have the ability to influence market returns. Although there is some evidence of a relationship between stock returns and sporting performance in the descriptive analysis, the regression results indicate that sporting performance in South Africa does not significantly explain abnormal market returns on the JSE. The study provides a number of possible reasons for this finding and concludes by suggesting areas for future research.
Modeling of Compressible Flow with Friction and Heat Transfer Using the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP)

The present paper describes the verification and validation of a quasi one-dimensional pressure based finite volume algorithm, implemented in Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), for predicting compressible flow with friction, heat transfer and area change. The numerical predictions were compared with two classical solutions of compressible flow, i.e. Fanno and Rayleigh flow. Fanno flow provides an analytical solution of compressible flow in a long slender pipe where incoming subsonic flow can be choked due to friction. On the other hand, Raleigh flow provides analytical solution of frictionless compressible flow with heat transfer where incoming subsonic flow can be choked at the outlet boundary with heat addition to the control volume. Nonuniform grid distribution improves the accuracy of numerical prediction. A benchmark numerical solution of compressible flow in a converging-diverging nozzle with friction and heat transfer has been developed to verify GFSSP's numerical predictions. The numerical predictions compare favorably in all cases.
Gone fishing for knowledge? The effect of strategic orientations on the scope of open knowledge search

Purpose – Firms need to reach out for external knowledge in order to keep up with the pace of the markets and to renew themselves. Although research on open innovation and open knowledge search strategies is continuously accumulating, there are as yet only few studies examining the antecedents of the decision to use various external knowledge sources for R&D and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to narrow this gap by examining the effects of firms' strategic orientations on the scope of their open knowledge search.Design/methodology/approach – This study builds on a cross‐industrial survey of Finnish firms in exploring the effects of three types of strategic orientations (customer relationship orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and technology orientation) on the use of open knowledge search strategies.Findings – The results show that the customer relationship orientation is associated with the tendency of a firm to use a market‐driven knowledge search strategy. The technology orientation, on.