Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outdoor Activities as a Basis for Environmental Responsibility

Abstract Different environmental education programs (field trips, hiking, camps, adventure activities) aim to develop pupils' affective relationship to the natural environment, their environmental sensitivity, and outdoor behavior, as well as their social relationships, through personal experiences. This study discusses the results of experiences from outdoor activities involving 11- and 12-year-old pupils in Rovaniemi and Vaasa, Finland. The qualitative research methods comprised case studies involving questionnaires, individual interviews, drawings, photographs of landscapes, and participant observations during camps. Nature experiences developed the pupils' self-confidence and feelings of safety, in particular, which in turn increased their willingness to participate in future outdoor activities. In this way, nature began to have new meanings for them on a personal level. Comparing pupils who were experienced in outdoor activities with pupils who were not, it was found that the former seemed to have a strong and clearly definable empathic relationship to nature. They also exhibited better social behavior and higher moral judgements. The reasons for conflicts between environmental attitudes and action, still observable in some experienced boys of the Vaasa group, are discussed in terms of conscious vs. unconscious action and applied knowledge. The role and possibilities of outdoor education in environmental education and natural studies are emphasized for schools as well as for teacher education.
Socioeconomic Status and Unionization Attitudes in the United States

Le faible niveau de la syndicalisation americaine est en partie due aux divisions et aux stratifications de statut des travailleurs. L'analyse des attitudes pro-syndicat dans un echantillon national de travailleurs non-syndiques suggere que les corporations ont tendu a se legitimer en faisant appel aux identites professionnelles des travailleurs de statut superieur alors que les syndicats faisaient appel aux identites sociales de base (identites ethniques-raciales et de genre) des travailleurs de statut inferieur. Le sentiment pro-syndicaliste est plus fort chez les travailleurs de statut socialement divers et socio-economiquement bas
A Practical Guide for the Diagnosis of Primary Enteric Nervous System Disorders

Objective: Primary gastrointestinal neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of enteric nervous system (ENS) disorders that continue to cause difficulties in diagnosis and histological interpretation. Recently, an international working group published guidelines for histological techniques and reporting, along with a classification of gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology. The aim of this article was to review and summarize the key issues for pediatric gastroenterologists on the diagnostic workup of congenital ENS disorders. In addition, we provide further commentary on the continuing controversies in the field. Results: Although the diagnostic criteria for Hirschsprung disease are well established, those for other forms of dysganglionosis remain ill-defined. Appropriate tissue sampling, handling, and expert interpretation are crucial to maximize diagnostic accuracy and reduce interobserver variability. The absence of validated age-related normal values for neuronal density, along with the lack of correlation between clinical and histological findings, result in significant diagnostic uncertainties while diagnosing quantitative aberrations such as hypoganglionosis or ultrashort Hirschsprung disease. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia remains a histological description of unclear significance. Conclusions: The evaluation of cellular quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of the ENS for clinical diagnosis remains complex. Such analysis should be carried out in laboratories that have the necessary expertise and access to their own validated reference values.
Manganese: A New Emerging Contaminant in the Environment

The environment is composed of the atmosphere, earth and water. According to the World Health Organization, more than 100,000 chemicals are released into the global ambient every year as a consequence of their production, use and disposal. The fate of a chemical substance depends on its chemical application and physical-chemical properties, in combination with the characteristics of the environment where it is released. Chemical substances or contaminants discharged into the environment may be “natural” or “manmade”. One of the most misunderstood concepts regarding contamination is the missinterpretation of term “natural”. A “natural” contaminant is one substance that can occur without human introduction. For example, trace metals, such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel, can be considered naturally-occurring contaminants. Generally, these metals are found in the environment only in moderate amounts that do not cause health threats. However, “natural” contaminants can also have anthropogenic origins: in fact human activities often cause the release of a large amount of naturally-occurring minerals into the environment. Moreover, it is not the mere presence of a contaminant that makes it toxic, but its concentration. Paracelsus’ famous aphorism “only dose makes the difference” has laid the groundwork for the development of the modern toxicology by recognizing the importance of the dose-response relationship.
Making a Virtue of Evil: A Five‐Step Social Identity Model of the Development of Collective Hate

In the first part of this paper, we re-examine the historical and psychological case for ‘the banality of evil’– the idea that people commit extreme acts of inhumanity, and more particularly genocides, in a state where they lack awareness or else control over what they are doing. Instead, we provide evidence that those who commit great wrongs knowingly choose to act as they do because they believe that what they are doing is right. In the second part of the paper, we then outline an integrative five-step social identity model that details the processes through which inhumane acts against other groups can come to be celebrated as right. The five steps are: (i) Identification, the construction of an ingroup; (ii) Exclusion, the definition of targets as external to the ingroup; (iii) Threat, the representation of these targets as endangering ingroup identity; (iv) Virtue, the championing of the ingroup as (uniquely) good; and (v) Celebration, embracing the eradication of the outgroup as necessary to the defence of virtue.
High Level of Plasmatic von Willebrand Factor Limits the Bleeding Time in Thrombopenic HIV-Infected Patients

under fibrinolytic therapy possibly is much higher in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. On the other hand, the mortality risk of patients with life threatening MSS is still about 50% ( 12). We believe that protein ( ’ concentrate may be helpful in the treatment o f MSS. But protein C concentrate has only little fibrinolytic effect and at the moment when MSS is recognized by the clinician massive intravascular thrombosis is already present in many patients. Furthermore, in contrast to patients with purpura fulminans due to congenital protein C deficiency, septic purpura fulminans is a rapidly progressive disease probably requiring a more aggressive therapy. Thus rt-PA may be an additional therapeutic approach in patients with life threatening MSS. However, because of potential deleterious bleeding complications it should be reserved to patients who show a life threatening picture and no response to conventional treatment.
Distinct subsets of sensory olfactory neurons in mouse: Possible role in the formation of the mosaic olfactory projection

The axons of the primary sensory olfactory neurons project from the olfactory neuroepithelium lining the nasal cavity, onto glomeruli covering the surface of the olfactory bulb. Neuroanatomical studies have shown previously that individual olfactory glomeruli are innervated by neurons that are dispersed widely within the nasal cavity. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that phenotypically unique subsets of primary sensory olfactory neurons, scattered throughout the nasal cavity, project to a subset of glomeruli in specific olfactory bulb loci. Immunochemical and histochemical analyses in neonatal mice revealed that the plant lectin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, bound to a subset of mature primary sensory olfactory neurons which express the olfactory marker protein. This subset of neurons was principally located in the rostromedial and dorsal portions of the nasal cavity and projected specifically to a subset of glomeruli in the rostromedial and caudodorsal portions of the olfactory bulb. Analysis of Dolichos biflorus‐reactive axons revealed that these axons coursed randomly, with no evidence of their selective fasciculation, within the olfactory nerve. It was only at the level of the rostral olfactory bulb that a significant reorganisation of their trajectory was observed. Within the outer fibre layer of the bulb, discrete bundles of lectin‐reactive axons began to coalesce selectively into fascicles which preferentially oriented toward the medial side of the olfactory bulb. These data demonstrated that a phenotypically distinct subset of primary sensory olfactory neurons exhibits a topographical projection from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, and suggests that these, and other subsets, may form the basis of the mosaic nature of this pathway. Moreover, it appears that the outer nerve fibre layer in the rostral olfactory bulb plays an important instructive role in the guidance and fasciculation of olfactory sensory axons. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forward chaining in HALO: an implementation strategy for history-based logic pointcuts

In aspect-oriented programming, pointcuts are formulated as conditions over the context of dynamic events in the execution of a program. Hybrid pointcut languages also allow this context to come from interaction between the pointcut language and the base program. While some pointcut languages only allow conditions on the current execution event, more recent proposals have demonstrated the need for expressing conditions over a history of joinpoints. Such pointcut languages require means to balance the expressiveness of the language with the additional memory and runtime overhead caused by keeping a history of joinpoint context data. In this paper, we introduce a logic-based pointcut language that allows interaction with the base program as well as pointcuts over a history of joinpoints. We introduce forward chaining as an implementation model for this language, and discuss possible optimization strategies for the additional overhead.
Seeing everyone else's highlight reels: How Facebook usage is linked to depressive symptoms.

Two studies investigated how social comparison to peers through computer-mediated interactions on Facebook might impact users' psychological health. Study 1 (N = 180) revealed an association between time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms for both genders. However, results demonstrated that making Facebook social comparisons mediated the link between time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms for men only. Using a 14-day diary design (N = 152), Study 2 found that the relationship between the amount of time spent on Facebook and depressive symptoms was uniquely mediated by upward, nondirectional, and downward Facebook social comparisons. Similarly, all three types of Facebook social comparisons mediated the relationship between the number of Facebook logins and depressive symptoms. Unlike Study 1, gender did not moderate these associations. Both studies provide evidence that people feel depressed after spending a great deal of time on Facebook because they feel badly when comparing themselves to.
The Carboxyl-terminal Hydrophobic Residues of Apolipoprotein A-I Affect Its Rate of Phospholipid Binding and Its Association with High Density Lipoprotein*

We performed a series of mutations in the human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) gene designed to alter specific amino acid residues and domains implicated in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation or lipid binding. We used the mutant apoA-I forms to establish nine stable cell lines, and developed strategies for the large scale production and purification of the mutated apoA-I proteins from conditioned media. HDL and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine binding assays using the variant apoA-I forms have shown that replacement of specific carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic residues Leu222, Phe225, and Phe229 with lysines, as well as replacement of Leu211, Leu214, Leu218, and Leu219 with valines, diminished the ability of apoA-I to bind to HDL and to lyse dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The findings indicate that Leu222, and Phe225, Phe229 located in the putative random coil region, and Leu211, Leu214, Leu218, and Leu219 located in the putative helix 8, are important for lipid binding. In contrast, substitutions of alanines for specific charged residues in putative helices 7, 8, or 9 as well as various point mutations in other regions of apoA-I, did not affect the ability of the variant apoA-I forms to bind to HDL or to lyse dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Cross-linking experiments confirmed that the carboxyl-terminal domain of apoA-I participates in the self-association of the protein, as demonstrated by the inability of the carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants Δ185–243 and Δ209–243 to form higher order aggregates in solution. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase analysis, using reconstituted HDL particles prepared by the sodium cholate dialysis method, has shown that mutants (Pro165 → Ala,Gln173 → Glu) (Leu311 → Val,Leu214 → Val,Leu318 → Val,Leu319 → Val), Leu222 → Lys,Phe255 → Lys,Phe290 → Lys) and Δ209–243 reduced LCAT activation (38–68%). Mutant (Glu191 → Ala,His195 → Ala,Lys196 → Ala) enhanced LCAT activation (131%), and mutant (Ala162 → Leu,Leu189 → Trp) exhibited normal LCAT activation as compared with the wild type proapoA-I and plasma apoA-I forms. The apparent catalytic efficiency (V max(app)/K m (app)) of the apoA-I mutants ranged from 17.8 to 107.2% of the control and was the result of variations in both the K m and theV max in the different mutants. These findings indicate that putative helices 6 and 7, and the carboxyl-terminal helices 8 and 9 contribute to the optimum activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. In addition to their use in the present study, the variant apoA-I forms generated will serve as valuable reagents for the identification of the domains and residues of apoA-I involved in binding the scavenger receptor BI, and facilitating cholesterol efflux from cells as well as aid in the structural analysis of apoA-I.
Deep Sequencing of Distinct Preparations of the Live Attenuated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine Reveals a Conserved Core of Attenuating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms

ABSTRACT The continued success of the live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in preventing varicella-zoster and herpes zoster is well documented, as are many of the mutations that contribute to the attenuation of the vOka virus for replication in skin. At least three different preparations of vOka are marketed. Here, we show using deep sequencing of seven batches of vOka vaccine (including ZostaVax, VariVax, VarilRix, and the Oka/Biken working seed) from three different manufacturers (VariVax, GSK, and Biken) that 137 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations are present in all vaccine batches. This includes six sites at which the vaccine allele is fixed or near fixation, which we speculate are likely to be important for attenuation. We also show that despite differences in the vaccine populations between preparations, batch-to-batch variation is minimal, as is the number and frequency of mutations unique to individual batches. This suggests that the vaccine manufacturing processes are not introducing new mutations and that, notwithstanding the mixture of variants present, VZV live vaccines are extremely stable. IMPORTANCE The continued success of vaccinations to prevent chickenpox and shingles, combined with the extremely low incidence of adverse reactions, indicates the quality of these vaccines. The vaccine itself is comprised of a heterogeneous live attenuated virus population and thus requires deep-sequencing technologies to explore the differences and similarities in the virus populations between different preparations and batches of the vaccines. Our data demonstrate minimal variation between batches, an important safety feature, and provide new insights into the extent of the mutations present in this attenuated virus.
Automated Profiling of the Balance of Optimism and Pessimism in Online News Content

Using semantic techniques, we determined a probabilistic score indicating whether news stories were more optimistic (or solutions-oriented), versus their being more pessimistic (or threnodic). We observed over the length of our study that some news outlets, which were comparable in their topical coverage, quantity of output, and geographical focus, differed vastly in their level of optimistic or solutions-oriented news content. This did not seem to correlate with any perceived political bias (left vs. right) nor with the demographic of the target audience, and so raises questions of whether editorial culture or some other causal factor is at work, apart from the typical ideological or audience-driven biases. We found that it is indeed possible on a fully automated basis to profile media sources as falling more on the optimistic or pessimistic side of the spectrum.
Evaluating the Impact of Academic Liaison Librarians on Their User Community: A Review and Case Study

This article presents the findings of a small-scale study undertaken at a UK university. The purpose of the research was to investigate the perceived impact and value of the Academic Library Liaison service at the university. This was considered to be a critical issue of concern, in the light of drivers threatening the UK higher education library sector to de-professionalize—or worse, remove such services. A mixed methods approach was adopted, combining an online questionnaire disseminated to academic staff, resulting in 29 responses from three academic departments and in-depth interviews with eight members of academic staff. The results indicate that although academic staff do value the service provided by Academic Liaison Librarians (ALLs), there is scope to increase awareness of the range of services on offer. The study also demonstrates that academic staff prioritize the contribution that ALLs can make through the possession of in-depth subject knowledge, IT skills and well-developed communication skills, and the provision of advice on copyright matters and assistance with institutional repositories. This holds implications for curriculum design on the part of LIS educators.
“Flashing Fields” and the impact of soil surface roughness

In this paper the results of an additional campaign in the context of Flashing Fields are presented showing the impact of soil surface roughness on the directional backscattering. For the characterization of soil surface roughness a photogrametric measurement device was used and roughness was measured simultaneous to SAR observation made by ERS-2 and TerraSAR-X. As this study mainly confirmed and consolidated the findings of the previous Flashing Fields studies, major progress was made in in the understanding of the impact of soil surface roughness on the flashing phenomenon. It could be concluded, that besides the row orientation, certain roughness conditions could significantly alter the flashing effect.
Psychoeducation of adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases and their families

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) are chronic disorders that affect the quality of life of the patients and their families. The mental state is connected with the physical one. Psychotherapy resulted in the improvement of psychological outcomes in IBD METHOD: Psychoeducation group for adolescents and their parents or caregivers was prepared. Pre-selected 13 adolescents at the age of 15–18 years (10 girls and three boys) with IBD (11 Crohn disease, two ulcerative colitis) and their parents and caregivers took part in the 3-hour session. Program based on Positive CBT covered educational topics about IBD, diet, the importance of physical activity, and also practical exercise focused on the mindfulness, relaxation, and problem-solving strategies. RESULTS: The patients, caregivers, and pediatricians appreciated the psychoeducational session with multi-family discussion; from exercises they especially enjoyed the relaxation and problem-solving strategies, clarification of some false beliefs about some of the recommendation (diet, exercise, regimen). Parents and patients postulated their message for other families with children with IBD, with the focus on positive thinking, hope and family solidarity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychoeducational groups were appreciated by patients, caregivers, and pediatricians, they revealed possible ways of working with the multi-family setting. The recommendation about medical treatment, routine, diet, exercise, relaxation and learning the skills of problem solving seemed to be the most important parts of psychoeducation session.
An ensemble of Extreme Learning Machine for prediction of wind force and moment coefficients in marine vessels

In the recent times, offshore activities are getting increasingly important, and marine vessels are prevalent in all the water bodies. This requires a detailed study of the effect of environmental forces of the marine structures. This paper aims at developing an unified framework to study the effect of wind force and moments on marine vessels. A neural network approach is developed to study the effect of longitudinal and side forces of wind, and the yaw moment. The study considers various types of marine vessels at different loading conditions, with a total of 22 marine vessels. Of these, 18 are used to train an ensemble of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) neural network. The network thus developed is tested for generalization on 2 new type of vessels at 2 different loading conditions. Thus, the developed model is capable of predicting the wind force and moment coefficients, irrespective of the type of vessel used. An Ensemble of extreme learning machine, each with input parameters initialized at different regions of the input space, are trained with all training samples. For each sample, the ELM that produces the least mean square error is identified, and the output of that ELM is considered as the output for that sample. Thus, the randomness of the initialization in ELM is exploited to achieve superior generalization performance. Performance study to predict the wind force and moment coefficients of marine vessels show that the ensemble of ELM has superior prediction performance, compared to state of the art results for this problem.
A social identity perspective on the job attitudes of employees in sport

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a foundation for future research pertaining to establishing the distinctness of the sport industry from an employee psychology perspective.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper is rooted in social identity theory which maintains that certain levels of self‐esteem and psychological fulfillment can be derived from one's membership in particular groups. The authors have developed a model of positive social identity in sport organizations that details the benefits and consequences of psychological fulfillment related to employment in the sport industry.Findings – Within the proposed model, the paper outlines how particular elements of social identity derived from one's employment in sport may play an active role in particular job attitudes by enhancing the employee's self‐esteem and contributing to overall self‐evaluation. It further explains how social identity in the workplace may influence individual outcomes such as organizational citizenship.