Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leadership and collective motion in black neon tetra schools: does the task matter?

ABSTRACT Many fish schools are regarded as leaderless, where any individual can guide the direction of group motion at any given moment. We conditioned a fish school of black neon tetra (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) to find food in aparticular location, while another group swam freely with no particular goal. Groups were composed of similar individuals in terms of body size, task knowledge and hunger level. Our hypothesis was that leadership would be less stable when fish were conditioned than when they were not. Although stability tended to be greater in the conditioned group, the hypothesis was not confirmed, as both groups showed asimilar degree of leadership stability. Leadership was not entirely random and some individuals took the lead more often than others. Leaders tended to be at the front of the school and their tendency to lead was loosely related to higher swimming speeds, and not related to task knowledge.
Chemistry-climate model SOCOL: a validation of the present-day climatology

Abstract. In this paper we document "SOCOL", a new chemistry-climate model, which has been ported for regular PCs and shows good wall-clock performance. An extensive validation of the model results against present-day climate data obtained from observations and assimilation data sets shows that the model describes the climatological state of the atmosphere for the late 1990s with reasonable accuracy. The model has a significant temperature bias only in the upper stratosphere and near the tropopause at high latitudes. The latter is the result of the rather low vertical resolution of the model near the tropopause. The former can be attributed to a crude representation of radiation heating in the middle atmosphere. A comparison of the simulated and observed link between the tropical stratospheric structure and the strength of the polar vortex shows that in general, both observations and simulations reveal a higher temperature and ozone mixing ratio in the lower tropical stratosphere for the case with stronger Polar night jet (PNJ) and slower Brewer-Dobson circulation as predicted by theoretical studies.
Relationship between Loneliness in the Workplace and Deviant Work Behaviors: Evidence from a Thai Government Bank

As the banking industry is currently being challenged by many external forces, which requires a massive change in all areas, acknowledging key factors that influence its operation system is very important and valuable for the banks, especially a government bank. As a government bank operates under an uncertainty of changing environment and the government control, placing more emphasis on components that can cause organizational failure is essential for survival. Workplace loneliness and deviance are perceived as critical factors that have an impact on both individual and organizational productivity and effectiveness. Although workplace loneliness and deviance have increasingly become an interesting topic in a management field in the past years, no study has attempted to explore the direct relationship between loneliness at work and deviant workplace behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this present study is to examine the relationship between loneliness in the workplace and deviant work behaviors of employees at Thai government bank. Data were gathered from 143 employees of Thai government bank headquarters through a questionnaire. The results found an intermediate positive correlation between loneliness at work and deviant work behavior (r = .495, p < .01). The results of linear regression analysis indicated that loneliness at work could explain 25% of variance to deviant work behavior (R2 = .245, F (1, 143) = 45.839, p <. 01). In sum, the more government bank’s employees felt loneliness at work, the more likely they engaged in deviant work behaviors. Limitations and recommendations for further studies were also discussed.
Different roles for KIF17 and kinesin II in photoreceptor development and maintenance

Kinesin 2 family members are involved in transport along ciliary microtubules. In Caenorhabditis elegans channel cilia, kinesin II and OSM‐3 cooperate along microtubule doublets of the axoneme middle segment, whereas OSM‐3 alone works on microtubule singlets to elongate the distal segment. Among sensory cilia, vertebrate photoreceptors share a similar axonemal structure with C. elegans channel cilia, and deficiency in either kinesin II or KIF17, the homologue of OSM‐3, results in disruption of photoreceptor organization. However, direct comparison of the two effects is confounded by the use of different species and knockdown strategies in prior studies. Here, we directly compare the effects of dominant‐negative kinesin II and KIF17 expression in zebrafish cone photoreceptors. Our data indicate that dominant‐negative kinesin II disrupts function at the level of the inner segment and synaptic terminal and results in cell death. In contrast, dominant‐negative KIF17 has no obvious effect on inner segment or synaptic organization but has an immediate impact on outer segment assembly. Developmental Dynamics 238:2211–2222, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Formation of Disk Galaxies and Massive Central Objects

We propose that massive central objects form in the centers of the bars that must develop in young high surface density galactic disks. Large-scale dynamics shut off the growth of the central mass before it reaches ~2% of the disk mass at the time, but this mass is sufficient to substantially weaken the bar. Subsequent evolution of the galaxy can either complete the destruction of the bar or cause it to recover, depending on the angular momentum distribution of later infalling material. We produce massive, fully self-gravitating disks having roughly flat rotation curves that are quite stable. If at least part of the central masses we require constitute the engines of QSOs, then our picture naturally accounts for their redshift dependence since the fuel supply is shut off by the development of an inner Lindblad resonance. A prediction is that massive objects should not be found in halo-dominated galaxies such as low-luminosity or low surface brightness galaxies.
A global high-gain based scaling method for the generalized output-feedback canonical form

We propose various new results and extensions for the global output feedback design for systems in the generalized output-feedback canonical forms. Our investigations also reveal several conceptual and structural connections between high-gain design and the recent results in Krishnamurthy et al. (2001) and Praly (2001). The recognition of these links provides new insight into the stabilization mechanisms of these designs, particularly in the design of the observer. Furthermore, we have extended the results of Praly (2001) to include output dependent upper diagonal terms and we have also shown that the additional scaling proposed in that paper can be removed through a simultaneous stabilization result (i.e., solving a special pair of coupled matrix Lyapunov equations). The removal of this scaling makes the connection between the obtained results and proofs and our earlier results assuming the cascading upper diagonal dominance (CUDD) more transparent. It is shown that the high gain result induces the CUDD structure on the observer error dynamics and global results are obtained by making the high-gain scaling dynamic. Furthermore, we have extended the design techniques to obtain reduced-order observers.
Colossal Aggregations of Giant Alien Freshwater Fish as a Potential Biogeochemical Hotspot

The ubiquity and fascinating nature of animal aggregations are widely recognised. We report here consistent and previously undocumented occurences of aggregations of a giant alien freshwater fish, the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Aggregative groups were on average composed of 25 (±10 SD, ranging from 15 to 44) adults with estimated average total biomass of 651 kg (386 – 1132) and biomass density of 23 kg m−2 (14 – 40). Aggregations always occurred within the same location. No foraging, reproductive or anti-predator behaviour were observed during the aggregations. A mass-balance model estimated that these colossal aggregations of an alien species can locally release, through excretion only, up to 70 mg P m−2 h−1 and 400 mg N m−2 h−1, potentially representing the highest biogeochemical hotspots reported in freshwater ecosystems and another unexpected ecological effect of alien species.
A Reassessment of the Impact of European Contact on the Structure of Native American Genetic Diversity

Our current understanding of pre-Columbian history in the Americas rests in part on several trends identified in recent genetic studies. The goal of this study is to reexamine these trends in light of the impact of post-Columbian admixture and the methods used to study admixture. The previously-published data consist of 645 autosomal microsatellite genotypes from 1046 individuals in 63 populations. We used STRUCTURE to estimate ancestry proportions and tested the sensitivity of these estimates to the choice of the number of clusters, K. We used partial correlation analyses to examine the relationship between gene diversity and geographic distance from Beringia, controlling for non-Native American ancestry (from Africa, Europe and East Asia), and taking into account alternative paths of migration. Principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to investigate the relationships between Andean and non-Andean populations and to explore gene-language correspondence. We found that 1) European and East Asian ancestry estimates decline as K increases, especially in Native Canadian populations, 2) a north-south decline in gene diversity is driven by low diversity in Amazonian and Paraguayan populations, not serial founder effects from Beringia, 3) controlling for non-Native American ancestry, populations in the Andes and Mesoamerica have higher gene diversity than populations in other regions, and 4) patterns of genetic and linguistic diversity are poorly correlated. We conclude that patterns of diversity previously attributed to pre-Columbian processes may in part reflect post-Columbian admixture and the choice of K in STRUCTURE analyses. Accounting for admixture, the pattern of diversity is inconsistent with a north-south founder effect process, though the genetic similarities between Mesoamerican and Andean populations are consistent with rapid dispersal along the western coast of the Americas. Further, even setting aside the disruptive effects of European contact, gene-language congruence is unlikely to have ever existed at the geographic scale analyzed here.
RING1B contributes to Ewing sarcoma development by repressing the NaV1.6 sodium channel and the NF-κB pathway, independently of the fusion oncoprotein

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor defined by EWSR1 gene fusions that behave as an oncogene. Here we demonstrate that RING1B is highly expressed in primary ES tumors, and its expression is independent of the fusion oncogene. RING1B-depleted ES cells display an expression profile enriched in genes functionally involved in hematological development but RING1B depletion does not induce cellular differentiation. In ES cells, RING1B directly binds the SCN8A sodium channel promoter and its depletion results in enhanced Nav1.6 expression and function. The signaling pathway most significantly modulated by RING1B is NF-κB. RING1B depletion results in enhanced p105/p50 expression, which sensitizes ES cells to apoptosis by FGFR/SHP2/STAT3 blockade. Reduced NaV1.6 function protects ES cells from apoptotic cell death by maintaining low NF-κB levels. Our findings identify RING1B as a trait of the cell-of-origin and provide a potential targetable vulnerability.
Self–care practices among social workers: do they predict job satisfaction and turnover intention?

ABSTRACT The current health and mental health care delivery system in the United States strives to provide efficient quality care at a lower cost. This cost-effective approach and recent budget cuts have created new challenges for social workers. This study explores the relationships between self-care strategies, role stress, job autonomy, and job satisfaction and turnover intention. Four-hundred sixty-nine social workers were surveyed to assess multiple measures of self-care including professional support, professional development, coping strategies, and professional resilience, and their effects on job satisfaction and turnover intention. Role stress and job autonomy were also examined in relation to job satisfaction and turnover intention. The results supported the main hypotheses that claimed that self-care strategies are associated with both job satisfaction and turnover intention. The author discusses the important implications of these findings in education and training of both students and practitioners.
Proteomic analyses reveal distinct chromatin-associated and soluble transcription factor complexes

The current knowledge on how transcription factors (TFs), the ultimate targets and executors of cellular signalling pathways, are regulated by protein–protein interactions remains limited. Here, we performed proteomics analyses of soluble and chromatin‐associated complexes of 56 TFs, including the targets of many signalling pathways involved in development and cancer, and 37 members of the Forkhead box (FOX) TF family. Using tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (TAP/MS), we performed 214 purifications and identified 2,156 high‐confident protein–protein interactions. We found that most TFs form very distinct protein complexes on and off chromatin. Using this data set, we categorized the transcription‐related or unrelated regulators for general or specific TFs. Our study offers a valuable resource of protein–protein interaction networks for a large number of TFs and underscores the general principle that TFs form distinct location‐specific protein complexes that are associated with the different regulation and diverse functions of these TFs.
Improvement of academic performance by studying in pairs

This paper focuses on analysing the process of partnership formation and its effects on academic performance. We model the formation of studying partnerships as a Bayesian game. Students utility functions are in the spirit of firms' profit functions where the time they devote to study is the input to produce human capital. Academic skills are uniformly distributed, and every student is assumed to know her academic skills. We find that a student decides to study with a classmate because she believes that the classmate has better academics skills. We also find that, in equilibrium, the time a student is willing to spend studying with a classmate increases with the mean and the variance of the distribution of the academic skills. Therefore, under incomplete information, we expect students to devote more time studying with a classmate regardless whether they are studying in a high standard school.
Classification of Apple Tree Disorders Using Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper studies the use of Convolutional Neural Networks to automatically detect and classify diseases, nutritional deficiencies and damage by herbicides on apple trees from images of their leaves. This task is fundamental to guarantee a high quality of the resulting yields and is currently largely performed by experts in the field, which can severely limit scale and add to costs. By using a novel data set containing labeled examples consisting of 2539 images from 6 known disorders, we show that trained Convolutional Neural Networks are able to match or outperform experts in this task, achieving a 97.3% accuracy on a hold-out set.
Jealousy as a Specific Emotion: The Dynamic Functional Model

The article by Chung and Harris (2018) brings together an impressive array of literature to formulate a dynamic functional model of jealousy (DFMJ). There is much to like about the model. However, one concern is how it advances a theory of jealousy. Another concern is how the DFMJ operates over time, with different social groups, and cross-culturally. In general, however, the model offers a useful way to think about jealousy for the future.
Outdoor Time, Screen Time, and Connection to Nature: Troubling Trends Among Rural Youth?

Evidence suggests that contemporary children are spending less time outdoors than their predecessors. Concurrent reports also highlight the rise of electronic media use in the lives of youth. We explored relationships between self-reported outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade students across rural South Carolina (N = 543). We found that most youth spent time outdoors, but they spent more time with electronic media. The outdoor versus screen time discrepancy was particularly pronounced for girls, African Americans, and eighth graders. Connection to nature, linked to outdoor time, was highest among boys, White students, and sixth graders. Our study contributes to growing evidence highlighting the negative influence of escalating screen time on outdoor time and connection to nature during adolescence. Programs designed to address these troubling trends could focus on two groups at particularly high risk: girls and youth of color.
Towards digital constitutionalism? Mapping attempts to craft an Internet Bill of Rights

The article develops digital constitutionalism as a common term connecting a constellation of initiatives that seek to articulate a set of political rights, governance norms, and limitations on the exercise of power on the Internet. We start by reporting on insights from an analysis of the substantive content of over 30 such documents, and make reference to the political and technological changes to which they may relate. We offer an overview of the core actors in the area of digital constitutionalism and a brief exploration of the processes by which their initiatives aim to entrench rights into law and practice. We discuss the changing sites of political and legal intervention, including a more recent focus on domestic and regional initiatives. Finally, we consider what a future research agenda could entail.
Induction of p53-specific immune responses in colorectal cancer patients receiving a recombinant ALVAC-p53 candidate vaccine.

PURPOSE The tumor-associated auto-antigen p53 is commonly overexpressed in various types of human cancer, including colorectal cancer. Experiments in preclinical models have shown that it can serve as a target for T-cell-mediated tumor-eradication. The feasibility of a p53-specific therapeutic vaccination was investigated in cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A Phase I/II dose-escalation study was performed that evaluated the effect of a recombinant canarypoxvirus (ALVAC) vaccine encoding wild-type human p53 in 15 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Each group of five patients received three i.v. doses of one-tenth of a dose, one-third of a dose, or 1 dose of the vaccine [1 dose = 1 x 10(7.5) cell culture infectious dosis (CCID)50]. RESULTS Potent T-cell and IgG antibody responses against the vector component of the ALVAC vaccine were induced in the majority of the patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent-spot assay (ELISPOT) analysis of vaccine-induced immunity revealed the presence of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells against both ALVAC and p53, whereas no significant interleukin-4 responses were detected. Vaccine-mediated enhancement of p53-specific T-cell immunity was found in two patients in the highest-vaccine-dose group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility, even in patients with advanced cancer, to elicit immune responses against the ubiquitously expressed tumor-associated auto-antigen p53. Our results form the basis for additional studies that will explore the antitumor capacity of p53 containing multivalent vaccines in cancer patients with limited tumor burden.
Montclair State University Digital Montclair State University Digital Commons Commons Magic Squares of Squares of Order Three Over Finite Fields Magic Squares of Squares of Order Three Over Finite Fields

A magic square M over an integral domain D is a 3 ⇥ 3 matrix with entries from D such that the elements from each row, column, and diagonal add to the same sum. If all the entries in M are perfect squares in D , we call M a magic square of squares over D . Martin LaBar raised an open question in 1984, which states, “Is there a magic square of squares over the ring Z of the integers which has all the nine entries distinct? ” We approach to answering a similar question in case D is a ﬁnite ﬁeld. Our main result conﬁrms that a magic square of squares over a ﬁnite ﬁeld F of characteristic greater than 3 can only hold 3, 5, 7, or 9 distinct entries. Corresponding to LaBar’s question, we claim that there are inﬁnitely many prime numbers p such that, over a ﬁnite ﬁeld of characteristic p , magic squares of squares with nine distinct elements exist. Constructively, we build magic squares of squares using consecutive quadratic residue triples derived from twin primes. We classify all the magic squares of squares over any ﬁnite ﬁelds of characteristic 2. Description of magic squares over a ﬁnite ﬁeld of characteristic 3 is provided.
Using Conjoint Analysis to Elicit GPs’ Preferences for Family Physician Contracts: A Case Study in Iran

Background Family physician plans in Iran face several challenges, one of which is developing attractive and efficient contracts that motivate physicians to participate in the plan. Objectives This study aimed to elicit GPs’ preferences for family physician contracts. Patients and Methods In a cross-sectional study using the conjoint analysis technique, 580 GPs selected from the family physician database in Iran in 2014. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, 18 contract scenarios were developed via orthogonal design i.e., the impact of each attribute is measured independently from changes in other attributes and a questionnaire was developed. Data were collected through this questionnaire and analyzed using the ordered logistic regression (OLR) model. Results The results show that “quotas for admission to specialized courses” is the strongest preference of GPs (β = 1.123). In order of importance, the other preferences are having the right to provide services outside of the specified package (β = 0.962), increased number of covered population (β = 0.814), capitation payment + 15% bonus (β = 0.644), increased catchment area to 5 km (β = 0.349), and increased length of contract to five years (β = 0.345). Conclusions The conjoint analysis results show that GPs concerned about various factors of family physician contracts. These results can be helpful for policy-makers as they complete the process of creating family physician plans, which can help increase the motivation of GPs to participate in the plan.
Learning Instance Concepts from Multiple-Instance Data with Bags as Distributions

We analyze and evaluate a generative process for multiple-instance learning (MIL) in which bags are distributions over instances. We show that our generative process contains as special cases generative models explored in prior work, while excluding scenarios known to be hard for MIL. Further, under the mild assumption that every negative instance is observed with nonzero probability in some negative bag, we show that it is possible to learn concepts that accurately label instances from MI data in this setting. Finally, we show that standard supervised approaches can learn concepts with low area-under-ROC error from MI data in this setting. We validate this surprising result with experiments using several synthetic and real-world MI datasets that have been annotated with instance labels.