Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between traumatic injury and psychiatric disorders and medication prescription to youths aged 10-19.

OBJECTIVE Few clinical epidemiologic investigations have assessed whether youths exposed to a traumatic injury demonstrate elevations in the full spectrum of provider-recognized psychiatric disorders compared with unexposed, noninjured youths. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study, data for children and adolescents aged ten to 19 who were enrolled in the Group Health Cooperative health plan were screened for injury visits in the index year of 2001 (N=20,507). Psychiatric diagnoses, including anxiety and acute stress, depressive, substance use, and disruptive behavior disorders, given to these youths over the next three years (2002-2004) were documented, as were psychotropic medication prescriptions. Regression analyses assessed for an independent association between injury and psychiatric disorders and prescription of psychotropic medication. RESULTS In adjusted regression analyses, injury in the index year was independently associated with significantly increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of anxiety or acute stress (odds ratio [OR]=1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02-1.44), depression (OR=1.30, CI=1.10-1.53), and a substance use disorder (OR=1.56, CI=1.21-2.00) and of receiving a psychotropic medication prescription (OR=1.37, CI=1.20-1.57). Youths with traumatic brain injuries also were significantly more likely to receive psychotropic medication prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic injury was independently associated with an increased risk of receiving a full spectrum of anxiety, depressive, and substance use diagnoses among youths aged ten to 19. Population-based surveillance procedures that incorporate screening and stepped-care interventions targeting the spectrum of postinjury emotional disturbances have the potential to improve the quality of mental health care for youths treated in general medical settings.
Why the Link between Volatility and Growth is Both Positive and Negative

I revisit the relationship between growth and volatility in two different disaggregated datasets. I confirm that growth and volatility are negatively related across countries, but show that the relation reverses itself across sectors. This phenomenon, sometimes called the ‘Simpson’s fallacy’, has a natural interpretation in the present context: it is the component of aggregate volatility that is common across sectors that correlates negatively with aggregate growth. Furthermore, while investment and volatility are unrelated in the aggregate, sectoral investment is shown to be more intense in volatile activities, as if the return to capital were higher there. These results call for a distinction between macroeconomic and sectoral volatilities, not unlike that between macroeconomics, where volatility often means policy-driven instability, and finance, where volatility reflects risk, and thus high returns.
PERSONALITY TRAITS OF STUDENTS OF BUDAPEST BUSINESS SCHOOL BEFORE AND AFTER THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

The economic and social transformations of the recent years may have altered the attitudes of the young adults. We started out from the assumption that instability and downward social mobility triggered by the economic depression since 2008 have affected the personality organisation, the subjective satisfaction and well-being of this age group. Two surveys were carried out before and after the onset of the depression, in 2005 and 2012, among the students of Budapest Business School (BBS) to confirm our hypothesis (2005: N=133; 2012: N=83). The five factor-scale of NEOPI-R (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) was used to map the personality structure of students. The evaluation of the NEOPI-R revealed on both occasions that our students can be characterized with higher scores of Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than the average of the population. This can be explained by their young age or by the profile of BBS, as its programs attract students with a constellation of these personality traits. Compared to the findings of 2005, the survey of 2012 yielded that students are less conformist, but more open to new information: they achieved significantly lower scores on “openness to values”, but higher scores on the “openness to ideas” facet scale. It means that in 2012 the personality organisation and the attitudes of BBS students were more liable to be affected by potentially accessible high-quality new information than traditions. The results also suggest that youngsters are immune to the anxieties of the adult world, as the “Neuroticism” values were relatively low in both surveys. Moreover, in 2012 the “positive emotions” subscale of “Extraversion” got significantly higher scores than in 2005. It indicates that the level of subjective well-being of the students increased in the years of the crisis. It is also interesting to notice that, although the level of “Conscientiousness” decreased in the 2012 sample, “Conscientiousness” and “Neuroticism” had a significant negative correlation in both years. The more our students work and achieve, the healthier they are psychologically. These surveys led us to the conclusion that, despite the obvious existential difficulties, the psychic state and the putative coping potentials of our students are more positive than we expected.
Mineralization of Alvinella polychaete tubes at hydrothermal vents

Alvinellid polychaete worms form multilayered organic tubes in the hottest and most rapidly growing areas of deep‐sea hydrothermal vent chimneys. Over short periods of time, these tubes can become entirely mineralized within this environment. Documenting the nature of this process in terms of the stages of mineralization, as well as the mineral textures and end products that result, is essential for our understanding of the fossilization of polychaetes at hydrothermal vents. Here, we report in detail the full mineralization of Alvinella spp. tubes collected from the East Pacific Rise, determined through the use of a wide range of imaging and analytical techniques. We propose a new model for tube mineralization, whereby mineralization begins as templating of tube layer and sublayer surfaces and results in fully mineralized tubes comprised of multiple concentric, colloform, pyrite bands. Silica appeared to preserve organic tube layers in some samples. Fine‐scale features such as protein fibres, extracellular polymeric substances and two types of filamentous microbial colonies were also found to be well preserved within a subset of the tubes. The fully mineralized Alvinella spp. tubes do not closely resemble known ancient hydrothermal vent tube fossils, corroborating molecular evidence suggesting that the alvinellids are a relatively recent polychaete lineage. We also compare pyrite and silica preservation of organic tissues within hydrothermal vents to soft tissue preservation in sediments and hot springs.
Too educated to be happy? An investigation into the relationship between education and subjective well-being

While education has played a strong role in the ancient debate on the necessary preconditions for the good life, the contemporary literature on subjective well-being has not paid much attention to the possibility of education having an independent effect on happiness. Typically, education is mentioned only as having indirect effects, e.g., through its effect on income and wealth, employment status, health and mortality, marriage success, or as a proxy for socioconomic status. Also, the view that education - like income - mainly raises aspirations and therefore leads to lower levels of happiness is widespread in the literature, mostly without empirical evidence. Using data from the last five waves of the World Value Survey, the goal of this paper is to comprehensively study the empirical evidence by using logistic regression techniques to shed more light on the neglected role of education in happiness differentials. The results suggest that the relationship beteen education and happiness is distinct from the relationship between income and happiness. While there is evidence that higher income does not go hand in hand with higher happiness after a certain point, there is no evidence of a similar levelling off in the relationship between education and happiness.
Political alienation in adolescence: Associations with parental role models, parenting styles, and classroom climate

The present study examined how parental political attitudes, parenting styles, and classroom characteristics predict adolescents' political alienation, as feelings about the individual's ability to affect the political system's performance at the individual level. Participants were 463 families that included mothers, fathers, and their adolescent children in 6th, 8th, and 10th grades. Teachers reported on the classroom context. Multilevel analyses indicated several findings: parental and adolescent political attitudes supported a parent—adolescent transmission process, adolescents' perceptions of parental attitudes mediated the transmission process, authoritarian parenting style positively predicted adolescent political alienation, and classrooms comprised of teachers with clear educational goals were negatively related to adolescent political alienation. Results are discussed in terms of learning political alienation within family by parent—child transmission. Associations among adolescent political alienation, parenting style, and classroom climate are considered as interaction characteristics with authorities shaping adolescents' political attitudes.
Nematodes associated with vineyards throughout Markazi Province (Arak), Iran

In a survey conducted from April 2008 through October 2008, 21 nematode species were found associated with grapes in Markazi Province, Iran. These included: Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides limberi, Boleodorus thylactus, Criconema mutabile, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Irantylenchus clavidorus, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. vulgaris, H. crenacauda, H. pseudorobustus, Hemicriconemoides mangiferae, Meloidogyne javanica, Geocenamous brevidens, G. rugosus, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, P. ritteri, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema index and Zygotylenchus guevarai. Populations varied in their frequency and distribution among surveyed vineyards but Helicotylenchus spp. and Pratylenchus spp. were the most commonly observed genera. Meloidogyne spp. and Xiphinema spp. were rarely encountered during the survey. This is the first reported province-wide nematode survey of grapes in Iran. Morphological and morphometric variations that typified the survey populations are given and discussed for certain nematode species.
Motivating Smartphone Collaboration in Data Acquisition and Distributed Computing

This paper analyzes and compares different incentive mechanisms for a master to motivate the collaboration of smartphone users on both data acquisition and distributed computing applications. To collect massive sensitive data from users, we propose a reward-based collaboration mechanism, where the master announces a total reward to be shared among collaborators, and the collaboration is successful if there are enough users wanting to collaborate. We show that if the master knows the users' collaboration costs, then he can choose to involve only users with the lowest costs. However, without knowing users' private information, then he needs to offer a larger total reward to attract enough collaborators. Users will benefit from knowing their costs before the data acquisition. Perhaps surprisingly, the master may benefit as the variance of users' cost distribution increases. To utilize smartphones' computation resources to solve complex computing problems, we study how the master can design an optimal contract by specifying different task-reward combinations for different user types. Under complete information, we show that the master involves a user type as long as the master's preference characteristic outweighs that type's unit cost. All collaborators achieve a zero payoff in this case. If the master does not know users' private cost information, however, he will conservatively target at a smaller group of users with small costs, and has to give most benefits to the collaborators.
“I Understand English But Can't Write It”: The Power of Native Language Instruction for Adult English Learners

This study explores the potential of native language literacy instruction for adult immigrant English language learners who have limited formal schooling or have had interruptions in their formal education. By examining 3 programs that provide native language literacy in combination with English as a second language (ESL) instruction, this study uncovers factors that affect students' participation and progress. Little educational research has been conducted on the growing population of immigrant adults in the United States with limited formal education in their native language. Public funding guidelines have drastically reduced programs' abilities to incorporate native languages into ESL instruction for adults, underscoring the need for research on best practices. In this interdisciplinary study, practitioners and students in Spanish language adult basic education and ESL literacy settings explore the motivations for Spanish-speaking immigrant adult learners to attend an adult basic education program in Spanish; factors affecting the persistence of this student sub-population; and programmatic elements key in impacting progress, attendance, and persistence of this sub-population. Findings including student participation data, themes emerging from interviews and focus groups, and programmatic elements are presented alongside implications for further research, policy, and practice.
Role of Parents in the Social Development of Adolescents: A Comparison of Low and Middle Socio-Economic Status

Abstract The present research is an exploratory attempt to study the “Role of parents in the social development of adolescents: A comparison of low and middle socio-economic status”. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents and their parents. Random sampling technique was employed to select the middle socio-economic group and snowball sampling technique was used to select low socio-economic status. Three scales were used—Measure of Approving Parent (MAP) for parents, and Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) and Self Actualization Inventory (SEAI) for adolescent children. Statistical analysis shows that the majority of parents show a moderate degree of approval towards their children. Most of the adolescents of both the group were emotionally unstable and had attained moderate self-actualization. Data was also analyzed through coefficient of correlation and it was found that parental approval does not correlate highly with emotional maturity or self-actualization.
Gastritis and Carditis

Dyspepsia is a common clinical problem. Its causes include peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and functional (nonulcer) dyspepsia. A detailed clinical description of pain does not reliably differentiate the cause. Approximately 80% of gastroscopies are performed for the investigation of dyspepsia. “Gastritis” is diagnosed endoscopically in 59% of all stomachs, although in only 3% are the changes severe. Pathologic examination of unselected gastric biopsy specimens reveals that abnormalities are present in 62–73%, but there is only a weak correlation between endoscopic and histologic findings. For these reasons, it is recommended that endoscopic examination should always be accompanied by biopsy. Ideally, biopsies should be taken in a systematic fashion to include sampling of antrum and corpus. Recent evidence suggests that gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori initially presents as a superficial gastritis. Later it may become atrophic with development of intestinal metaplasia. The onset of atrophic changes may be related to the duration of infection, the strain of the infecting organism, associated dietary factors, or as-yet undefined host factors related to immunity. Persistent superficial gastritis predisposes to duodenal ulcer and gastric mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Atrophic gastritis predisposes to gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma. Evidence is accumulating that in some patients, pernicious anemia may be an end result of H. pylori–induced atrophic gastritis. Reactive gastropathy is a relatively common finding in gastric biopsies; in most instances it is associated with either reflux of duodenal contents or therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Lymphocytic gastritis, eosinophilic gastritis, and the gastritis associated with Crohn's disease are distinct morphologic entities. Lymphocytic gastritis and eosinophilic gastritis have a variety of clinical associations. Carditis is a controversial topic: currently opinions are divided as to whether it is the result of gastroesophageal reflux or a proximal extension of H. pylori infection from the remainder of the stomach.
The Tumor Suppressor Smad 4 Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor B – Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells

Transforming growth factor B (TGF-B) can act as suppressor and promoter of cancer progression. Intracellular Smad proteins (i.e., receptor regulated Smads and common mediator Smad4) play a pivotal role in mediating antimitogenic and proapoptotic effects of TGF-B, but their function in TGFB-induced invasion and metastasis is unclear. Here, we have investigated the role of Smad4 in a cellular and mouse model for TGF-B-induced breast cancer progression. Consistent with its tumor suppressor function, specific silencing of Smad4 in NMuMG mammary gland epithelial cells using small hairpin RNA (shRNA)–expressing RNAi vectors strongly mitigated TGF-B-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Smad4 knockdown also potently inhibited TGF-B-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition of NMuMG cells as measured by morphologic transformation from epithelial to fibroblast-like cells, formation of stress fibers, inhibition of E-cadherin expression, and gain of expression of various mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of Smad4 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells strongly inhibited the frequency of bone metastasis in nude mice by 75% and significantly increased metastasis-free survival. Communication of MDA-MB-231 cells with the bone microenvironment, which is needed for optimal tumor cell growth and metastasis, may be affected in Smad4 knockdown cells as TGF-B-induced expression of interleukin 11 was attenuated on Smad4 knockdown. Taken together, our results show that Smad4 plays an important role in both tumor suppression and progression of breast cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4):
Is trust really social capital? Knowledge sharing in product development projects

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to focus on the role of trust in knowledge sharing. Social capital researchers have put forward trust as an important force behind the sharing of knowledge. This study aims to investigate whether trust indeed explains knowledge sharing relationships, or whether there are in fact much more important drivers of the sharing of knowledge in new product development projects.Design/methodology/approach – A survey study was carried out in large new product development projects, including 23 teams and 91 individuals.Findings – The main finding is that trust is a poor explanatory of knowledge sharing. Team membership, on the other hand, has the largest effect on the density of knowledge sharing relationships. Social capital thus does not reside in trust but in team membership, especially for longer‐lived teams.Research limitations/implications – There should be more attention for other aspects affecting knowledge sharing, including team characteristics.Originality/value – .
Genotype x environmental interactions on reproductive traits of bovine females. III. Seasonal variation in postpartum reproduction as influenced by genotype, suckling and dietary regimen.

We examined the effect of season of calving (winter = October to March, summer = April to September) on postpartum reproductive traits by analyzing six data sets in which cows calved throughout the year. In two experiments, with suckled and nonsuckled cows, animals that calved in winter had longer (P less than .01) intervals from parturition to first estrus (IE) than those that calved in summer. Multiple regression analysis [model; IE = y + b1 (calving date) + b2 (calving date)2] indicated that the relationship between calving date and IE was less for nonsuckled cows than for suckled cows because there was heterogeneity of regression (P less than .005) between groups. A similar seasonal difference and calving date X suckling status interaction (P less than .10) was observed in a third experiment. Another experiment involved Holstein cows ranked for genetic ability for milk production. Cows with genetic ability for high milk production and calving in summer tended (P less than .12) to have shorter IE than winter-calving cows. Genetically low producing cows did not show this tendency and there was heterogeneity of regression (P less than .10) between groups. In two experiments cows were fed diets either low or high in energy and data were analyzed for three consecutive postpartum periods (PP1, PP2, PP3) beginning after first calving. In PP1 of one experiment, intervals to first ovulation, estrus and conception were longer in winter than in summer. The multiple regression equation between calving date and IE was significant (P less than .10) only for cows fed diets low in energy. There was no significant relationship between calving date and IE in PP2 or PP3. In the other experiment, there were not enough winter-calving cows to make seasonal comparisons in PP1 and season did not significantly influence IE in PP2 or PP3. We concluded that, in general, winter-calving cows appeared to take longer to regain reproductive competence after calving than summer-calving cows. Differences between seasons tended to be greater for suckled cows, cows with genetic ability for high milk production, primiparous cows and cows fed diets low in energy.