Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La economía social ante los paradigmas económicos emergentes: innovación social, economía colaborativa, economía circular, responsabilidad social empresarial, economía del bien común, empresa social y economía solidaria

En los ultimos quince anos han irrumpido en el escenario politico, economico y cientifico terminos como la innovacion social, la economia colaborativa, la empresa social, la responsabilidad social empresarial, la ciudadania corporativa, la economia circular, la economia del bien comun, la economia solidaria y las practicas economicas alternativas. La irrupcion de este nuevo lexico se ha hecho patente durante la ultima crisis y en el contexto de transformacion estructural de las economias occidentales. Conforman paradigmas que nacen en el contexto de deslegitimacion del modelo economico imperante basado en la empresa maximizadora de beneficios y poniendo en valor la dimension social. El objeto del presente articulo es analizar estas nociones emergentes y compararlas con el ya consolidado concepto de la economia social. Para ello, en primer lugar y como punto de referencia, se presenta el concepto de economia social, su sentido socioeconomico y epistemologico y sus dimensiones cuantitativas actuales en Europa. En segundo lugar, se estudia cada una de estas nociones emergentes abordando su contenido, su grado de institucionalizacion academica y social y finalmente el grado de notoriedad alcanzado. En tercer lugar, se realiza una interpretacion de la aparicion de estas nociones y se ofrece un marco de analisis para su comparacion con el concepto de economia social. El articulo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones.
Gamma-ray bursts: post-burst evolution of fireballs

The post-burst evolution of fireballs that produce gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is studied, assuming the expansion of fireballs to be adiabatic and relativistic. Numerical results as well as an approximate analytic solution for the evolution are presented. Owing to the adoption of a new relation between t, R and gamma, our results differ markedly from previous studies. Synchrotron radiation from the shocked interstellar medium is carefully calculated, using a conventional set of equations, The observed X-ray flux of GRB afterglows can be reproduced easily. Although the optical afterglows seem much more complicated, our results can still present a rather satisfactory agreement with observations. We also find that the expansion will no longer be highly relativistic about 4 d after the main GRB. We thus suggest that the marginally relativistic phase of the expansion should be investigated so as to check the afterglows observed a week or more later.
The work motivations of the health practitioner who stays for a substantial time in the very remote Indigenous community workplace

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the nature of health practitioner (HP) motivations that are associated with the practitioner who chooses and stays in work in a very remote Indigenous (VRI) community for more than 3 years. The maldistribution of HPs across Australia and the high costs associated with their low retention rates in VRI communities underpinned the study. Little work had been conducted on the HP's intrinsic motivations relating to this workplace. The power of job‐based incentives to attract and hold practitioners in remote and very remote areas has received some attention. It was hypothesised that the practitioner who chooses VRI community work will provide some motivation ratings very specific to that decision, which will be useful in predicting substantial total length of stay. Method A total of 547 HPs from four levels of remoteness in Australia responded to a HP's motivation survey. Using principal component analysis, motivation components were identified. Using binary logistic regression, likelihoods were estimated, linking motivations with VRI community work retention. Results Eight of 14 subscales developed were sensitive to VRI work experience. These formed the Very Remote Health Practitioner Motivation subscale set. Four of these motivation subscale scores together provided a significant estimate of likelihood of a practitioner having a total of more than 3 years' VRI community work experience, compared with no such experience. Conclusions The aims of the study were achieved by identifying the eight subscale set and the retention predictive model. Their potential value, limitations of the study, and future research possibilities are discussed.
The Cytokine Interleukin-6 Is Sufficient But Not Necessary to Mimic the Peripheral Conditioning Lesion Effect on Axonal Growth

Lesioning the peripheral branch of a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron before injury of the central branch of the same neuron enables spontaneous regeneration of these spinal axons. This effect is cAMP and transcription dependent. Here, we show that the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is upregulated in DRG neurons after either a conditioning lesion or treatment with dibutyryl-cAMP. In culture, IL-6 allows neurons to grow in the presence of inhibitors of regeneration present in myelin. Importantly, intrathecal delivery of IL-6 to DRG neurons blocks inhibition by myelin both in vitro and in vivo, effectively mimicking the conditioning lesion. Blocking IL-6 signaling has no effect on the ability of cAMP to overcome myelin inhibitors. Consistent with this, IL-6-deficient mice respond to a conditioning lesion as effectively as wild-type mice. We conclude that IL-6 can mimic both the cAMP effect and the conditioning lesion effect but is not an essential component of either response.
A C C E P T E D

16 17 In eubacteria, trigger factor (TF) is the first chaperone to interact with newly synthe-18 sised polypeptides and assist their folding as they emerge from the ribosome. We report the 19 first characterisation of a TF from a psychrophilic organism. TF from Psychrobacter frigidi-20 cola (TF PF) was cloned, produced in Escherichia coli and purified. Strikingly, cross-linking 21 and fluorescence anisotropy analyses revealed it to exist in solution as a monomer, unlike 22 the well-characterised, dimeric E. coli TF (TF EC). Moreover, TF PF did not exhibit the down-23 turn in reactivation of unfolded GAPDH that is observed with its E. coli counterpart, even 24 at high molar ratios of trigger factor:GAPDH and revealed dramatically reduced retarda-25 tion of membrane translocation by a model recombinant protein compared with the E. coli 26 chaperone. TF PF was also significantly more effective than TF EC at increasing the yield of 27 soluble and functional recombinant protein in a cell-free protein synthesis system, indicat-28 ing it is not dependent on downstream systems for its chaperoning activity. We propose that 29 TF from P. frigidicola differs from E. coli TF in its quaternary structure and chaperone 30 activity and we discuss the potential significance of these differences in its native environ-31 ment.
Effects of TV drama celebrities on national image and behavioral intention

ABSTRACT This empirical study attempted to identify the role of TV drama celebrity in explaining audience involvement, perceived national image, and audience behavioral intention. Among many significant findings, emotional and behavioral involvement with TV drama celebrities significantly influenced perceived national image. Perceived national image also had a significant impact on intentions to purchase celebrity-related products and visit film places. However, emotional involvement did not significantly affect intention to purchase celebrity-related products. In examining age and gender as moderating variables, three paths showed significant differences across age cohorts, while a significant path was not found across gender groups.
Intraindividual variability, gait and falls in old age

Falls and gait impairment in older populations present a major challenge to healthcare systems and reduce quality of later life. There is evidence that cognitive decline contributes to falls and gait impairment in older adults and may, therefore, serve as a marker for persons at risk. Intraindividual variability (IIV; trial-to-trial fluctuations in response time across a neurocognitive task) may have screening potential in this respect as this measure is thought to capture unique information about cognitive function not captured by other neuropsychological metrics. The present research, therefore, examined relationships between IIV, gait and falls in cognitively intact older adults. The extent to which relationships varied according to age and the demands placed on the individual when assessing IIV and gait, was also investigated. Finally, a mediational approach identified potential mechanisms underpinning these relationships. Systematic reviews of published research were followed by cross-sectional experimental studies and a longitudinal investigation. The findings provided mixed evidence of a link between IIV and falls. There was strong cross-sectional evidence that greater IIV was associated with poorer gait performance, and that this relationship strengthened with increasing age. Variability better predicted gait outcomes when gait was assessed under more demanding dual-task conditions, and when IIV measures were derived from tasks with higher executive demands. Tests of mediation suggested that processing speed underpinned relationships between IIV and less demanding single-task gait, whereas executive function played a greater role in more demanding gait conditions. Together, the outcomes suggest that IIV measures have potential as an early screening tool for gait impairment, and also falls. Importantly, general slowing accounts of cognitive ageing explained findings when IIV and gait were assessed under lower demand conditions, whereas frontal lobe/executive control perspectives provided a better account when demands were greater.
Extracting bull and bear markets from stock returns

Traditional methods used to partition the market index into bull and bear regimes often sort returns ex post based on a deterministic rule. We model the entire return distribution; two states govern the bull regime and two govern the bear regime, allowing for rich and heterogeneous intra-regime dynamics. Our model can capture bear market rallies and bull market corrections. A Bayesian estimation approach accounts for parameter and regime uncertainty and provides probability statements regarding future regimes and returns. Applied to 123 years of data our model provides superior identification of trends in stock prices.
Expression of Glutamine Transporter Slc38a3 (SNAT3) During Acidosis is Mediated by a Different Mechanism than Tissue-Specific Expression

Background: Despite homeostatic pH regulation, systemic and cellular pH changes take place and strongly influence metabolic processes. Transcription of the glutamine transporter SNAT3 (Slc38a3) for instance is highly up-regulated in the kidney during metabolic acidosis to provide glutamine for ammonia production. Methods: Slc38a3 promoter activity and messenger RNA stability were measured in cultured cells in response to different extracellular pH values. Results: Up-regulation of SNAT3 mRNA was mediated both by the stabilization of its mRNA and by the up-regulation of gene transcription. Stabilisation of the mRNA involved a pH-response element, while enhanced transcription made use of a second pH-sensitive Sp1 binding site in addition to a constitutive Sp1 binding site. Transcriptional regulation dominated the early response to acidosis, while mRNA stability was more important for chronic adaptation. Tissue-specific expression of SNAT3, by contrast, appeared to be controlled by promoter methylation and histone modifications. Conclusions: Regulation of SNAT3 gene expression by extracellular pH involves post-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms, the latter being distinct from the mechanisms that control the tissue-specific expression of the gene.
Evaluating the impacts of screening and smoking cessation programmes on lung cancer in a high-burden region of the USA: a simulation modelling study

Objective While the US Preventive Services Task Force has issued recommendations for lung cancer screening, its effectiveness at reducing lung cancer burden may vary at local levels due to regional variations in smoking behaviour. Our objective was to use an existing model to determine the impacts of lung cancer screening alone or in addition to increased smoking cessation in a US region with a relatively high smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence. Setting Computer-based simulation model. Participants Simulated population of individuals 55 and older based on smoking prevalence and census data from Northeast Pennsylvania. Interventions Hypothetical lung cancer control from 2014 to 2050 through (1) screening with CT, (2) intensified smoking cessation or (3) a combination strategy. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were lung cancer mortality rates. Secondary outcomes included number of people eligible for screening and number of radiation-induced lung cancers. Results Combining lung cancer screening with increased smoking cessation would yield an estimated 8.1% reduction in cumulative lung cancer mortality by 2050. Our model estimated that the number of screening-eligible individuals would progressively decrease over time, indicating declining benefit of a screening-only programme. Lung cancer screening achieved a greater mortality reduction in earlier years, but was later surpassed by smoking cessation. Conclusions Combining smoking cessation programmes with lung cancer screening would provide the most benefit to a population, especially considering the growing proportion of patients ineligible for screening based on current recommendations.
Detection of Ionized Gas in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

We report the detection of ionized intracluster gas in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Pulsars in this cluster with a negative period derivative, which must lie in the distant half of the cluster, have significantly higher measured integrated electron column densities than the pulsars with a positive period derivative. We derive the plasma density within the central few parsecs of the cluster using two different methods that yield consistent values. Our best estimate of ne = 0.067 ± 0.015 cm-3 is about 100 times the free electron density of the interstellar medium in the vicinity of 47 Tucanae, and the ionized gas is probably the dominant component of the intracluster medium.
QoS-Constrained Information Theoretic Capacity Maximization in CDMA Systems

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has proved to be an efficient and stable means of communication between a group of users which share the same physical medium. Therefore, with the rising demand for high–bandwidth multimedia services on mobile stations, it has become necessary to devise methods for more rigorous management of capacity in these systems. While one of the substantial techniques for regulating capacity in CDMA systems is through power control, the mathematical complexity of the regarding model inhibits useful generalizations and extensions. In this thesis, the classical problem of capacity optimization in the reverse link is analyzed. It is shown that the classical formulation is solvable through examination of a finite set of transmission powers, for which closed forms are given. Although, this method leads to a more accurate and faster solution to the classical problem, it is noted that the classical problem is very prone to yielding partial solutions in which the calculated system capacity is not realizable in a practical setting. The developed mathematical model, however, is shown to be applicable to more general definitions of the problem. The bulk of this thesis is the analysis of the capacity optimization problem equipped with increasing sets of constraints and utility functions, incorporated into the problem xii LIST OF TABLES in order to produce solutions deployable in practical systems. Cases of multiple–class systems are also analyzed and directions for future work on multiple–cell systems are given. The material presented in this thesis has been previously published in different forms, as listed in Appendix E.
A performance study of the cancelback protocol for Time Warp

This work presents results from an experimental evaluation of the space-time tradeoffs in Time Warp augmented with the cancelback protocol for memory management. An implementation of the cancelback protocol on Time Warp is described that executes on a shared memory multiprocessor, a 32 processor Kendall Square Research Machine (KSR1). The implementation supports canceling back more than one object when memory has been exhausted. The limited memory performance of the system is evaluated for three different workloads with varying degrees of symmetry. These workloads provide interesting stress cases for evaluating limited memory behavior. We, however, make certain simplifying assumptions (e.g., uniform memory requirement by all the events in the system) to keep the experiments tractable. The experiments are extensively monitored to determine the extent to which various overheads affect performance. It is observed that (i) depending on the available memory and asymmetry in the workload, canceling back several (called the salvage parameter) events at one time may improve performance significantly, by reducing certain overheads, (ii) a performance nearly equivalent to that with unlimited memory can be achieved with only a modest amount of memory depending on the degree of asymmetry in the workload.
Interactive Language-Based Task Library Instruction and Management for Single and Multiple Robots

Robots acquire behaviors to perform tasks, in general by being programmed, or occasionally by being instructed through demonstrations. In this thesis, we address the challenge of providing task behaviors to a robot through language instructions and interactions. We consider robots equipped with built-in motion and perception primitives with their functionality known to the user. We contribute Instruction Graphs, a robot task representation for composing sequences, conditionals, and loops of robot primitives. Instruction Graphs are only robot-primitive dependent, therefore applying to any robot hardware platform. We present the process by which Instruction Graphs are incrementally created from language instructions, as well as the method to execute Instruction Graphs on robots. We present examples and demonstrations of acquired Instruction Graphs with our CoBot mobile service robot and our Baxter manipulator robot. We extend Instruction Graphs from single-robot tasks to multi-robot tasks with multi-robot sparse interaction coordination. We introduce Instruction Graph constructs that enable a robot to query the state of another robot, similar to a sensing primitive. We show examples where multi-robot Instruction Graphs are used to coordinate the two arms of Baxter, and to coordinate CoBot and Baxter. Motivated by the fact that the robots can accumulate a large number of Instruction Graphs, we finally address the problem of managing a task library. We first devise an approach for correcting single steps of an Instruction Graph from a task library during its test execution. We then contribute an algorithm for learning Generalized Instruction Graphs, which represent parameterized tasks, from a task library of instantiated Instruction Graphs. We further contribute an algorithm that, given the initial steps of a new task, proposes an autocompletion based on a recognized similar Generalized Instruction Graph. We show results with large task libraries, in particular for the Baxter robot, in which the instruction of new tasks benefits from this generalization and autocompletion approach. We discuss future work in terms of achieving the complete deployment of our approach on many robot platforms. We also discuss conditional representations of robot primitives, alternative filters for generalization and autocompletion, and the potential to interleave human instruction, multi-step correction, and the automated planning of Instruction Graphs.
The effect of L-ascorbic acid and/or tocopherol supplementation on electrophysiological parameters of the colon of rats chronically exposed to lead

Summary Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diet supplementation with L-ascorbic acid (500 mg/L), tocopherol (3 mg/kg b.w.), and/or a water soluble analog of tocopherol (Trolox) (48 mg/L) on ion transport in the colon of rats subjected to a chronic exposure (9 months) to 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water. Material/Methods The electrophysiological parameters of the colon wall were measured with Ussing methods. Lead content in the whole blood was analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) using Zeeman correction. L-ascorbic acid and tocopherol in plasma was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Immunohistochemical reaction was carried out for visualization of occludin, the intracellular tight junction protein. Results We showed a strong inhibitory effect of lead on the electrophysiological parameters, changes in intestinal permeability, disappearance of junctional occludin, decreased amount of mucus covering the colon surface, and the accumulation of PAS-positive substance in the apical region of the cytoplasm in the absorptive cells. Conclusions Supplementation with tocopherol or Trolox did not exert a beneficial influence on the studied parameters. L-ascorbic acid positively influenced the examined electrophysiological parameters, as it cancelled the inhibitory influence of lead on ion transport in the rat colon. L-ascorbic acid also protected against tight junction disruption of epithelial cells in the colon of the lead-treated rats. A similar effect was observed in the group of rats receiving lead and supplemented with L-ascorbic acid plus Trolox.
Output Power Coordination Control for Wind Farm in Small Power System

Nowadays, wind turbine generator (WTG) is increasingly required to provide control capabilities regarding output power. Under this scenario, this paper proposes an output power control of wind farm (WF) using pitch angle control connected to small power systems. In this control approach, WF output power control is achieved by two control levels: central and local. In central control, WF output power command is determined by fuzzy reasoning which has three inputs for average wind speed, variance of wind speed, and absolute average of frequency deviation. Then, local output power commands of each WTG are given by WF output power command and coordination control, and each WTG ensures WF output power command. The simulation results by using an actual detailed model for wind power system show the effectiveness of the proposed method.