Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period

H 0 r k yD. , F. Tic h y: Ultrastructure of Feline Articular Cartilage in the Postnatal Period. Acta vet. Brno, 1995, 64: 63-70. Articular cartilage was investigated in five cats of both sexes, aged 1,21 and 43 days, and in two adult cats aged 5 years. Samples for transmission electron microscopy were collected from femoral heads and processed using conventional techniques. The object of the investigations was cellular structures and intercellular matrix of the superficial, middle and deep layers, but not those of transition cells and the tide-mark region. In the superficial layer of the samples collected from 1-, 21- and 43-day old kittens, chondrocytes were found mostly in pairs sharing a common lacuna surrounded with well formed pericellular matrix. Reticular-type nucleoli were usually present in nuclei, and scarce small mitochondria, dilated GER (granular endoplasmic reticulum) cisternae and transport vacuoles were observed in cytoplasm. Towards the middle layer, cell membranes of chondrocytes contacted the intercellular matrix. The surface of the articular cartilage was covered by a continuous and well formed chondrosynovial membrane. Areas with various appearances can be distinguished in the cartilages of adult cats. Continuous chondrosynovial membrane covered a thick layer of intercellular matrix with scarce chondrocytes in undamaged areas, while other areas showed signs of various degrees of damage. No differences in the structure of the middle layer were found among the various age groups. Oval or spherical chondrocytes contain large nuclei and cytoplasm contains numerous GER cisternae, mitochondria, Golgi's complex, numerous smooth vesicles, sporadic lysosomes and rare centrioles and lipid droplets. Pericellular matrix had almost disappeared and cell membrane contacted closely the intercellular matrix. The deep layer of the articular cartilage of 1-, 21- and 43-day-old kittens contained lacunae harbouring either single chondrocytes or pairs thereof arranged perpendicularly to the surface. The spindle-shaped cells were smaller and contained a lesser amount of organelles than their counterparts in the middle and the surface layers. The pattern of the intercellular matrix was similar to that of the middle layer. In addition to intact chondrocytes with a normal structure of cytoplasm and nucleus, the deep layer of the adult cartilage contained degenerated cells with large lipid droplets, glycogen deposits, disintegrated mitochondria and pyknotic nuclei. Cat, cartilage, articular, ultrastructure
Impact of Inertia Control of DFIG-Based WT on Electromechanical Oscillation Damping of SG

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines (WTs) occupy a high penetration in power systems and are being required to emulate inertia response as synchronous generators (SGs). Therefore, it is of value to study the impact of inertia control of DFIG-based WT on electromechanical oscillation damping (EOD) of SG. However, relevant studies that are mainly based on eigenvalue analysis method are not enough and general mechanism study is still lacking. This paper studies the impact rules and mechanism of inertia control parameters (proportional constant and time constant) of WT on EOD of SG with a novel approach. First, linearized model of WT under inertia control is derived based on motion equation concept, which can explicitly describe the external characteristic of WT. From the model, it is clear that the proportional constant determines the inertia characteristic of WT, while time constant has decisive effect on the damping characteristic. Then, by interaction analysis based on motion equation models of both SG and WT, the impact rules and mechanism of inertia control parameters on EOD of SG are explained clearly. Besides, since variable inertia control parameters mean variable inertia and damping coefficients of WT, the impact mechanism can be understood from a general perspective.
Association Between ERCC2 Lys751Gln Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Involving 23,370 Subjects

Recent studies report a correlation between excision repair cross-complementing group 2 (ERCC2) Lys751Gln polymorphism and an increased risk of lung cancer, but results are controversial and inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis in order to assess the correlation between them. Our study uses an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to evaluate the strength of the association; we also performed Begg's funnel plot and the Egger's test to assess the publication bias of previous articles. Finally, our meta-analysis is comprised of 28 full studies, including 23,370 subjects (10,242 cases and 13,128 controls). Our overall research shows that ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism carries an increased risk of developing lung cancer (C vs. A: OR = 1.160, 95% CI = 1.081–1.245, p = .000; CC vs. AA: OR = 1.252, 95% CI = 1.130–1.388, p = .000; CA vs. AA: OR = 1.152, 95% CI = 1.060–1.252, p = .001; CC+CA vs. AA: OR = 1.186, 95% CI = 1.089–1.292, p = .000; CC vs. CA+AA: OR = 1.196, 95% CI = 1.087–1.316, p = .000). In ethnic subgroup analyses, we find a significant risk among Caucasians (C vs. A: OR = 1.106, 95% CI = 1.048–1.166, p = .000; CC vs. AA: OR = 1.233, 95% CI = 1.103–1.378, p = .000; CC+CA vs. AA: OR = 1.113, 95% CI = 1.033–1.199, p = .005; CC vs. CA+AA: OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.069–1.313, p = .001) and among Asians under two genetic models (CA vs. AA: OR = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.034–1.549, p = .023; CC+CA vs. AA: OR = 1.252, 95% CI = 1.015–1.544, p = .036). These results were confirmed by similar findings, demonstrated by stratified analyses in study design and histological typing. This meta-analysis indicates that ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism may lead to an increased susceptibility to lung cancer risk among Caucasians and Asians.
Impact of stent deployment pressure and poststenting dilatation on the outcome of elective percutaneous coronary intervention

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2016 Nour. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Pr Limited. The full terms of this license are available at http ://www.dovepress. om/terms. p p and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unp rted, v3.0) Licen e (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2016:7 109–116 Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology Dovepress
A potential role for adjunctive vitamin D therapy in the management of weight gain and metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics

Abstract Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications introduced about 20 years ago are increasingly used to treat psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents. There has been a five-fold increase in the use of these medications in U.S. children and adolescents in the past decade. However, there has also been a parallel rise in the incidence of side effects associated with these medications, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Despite the severity of these complications and their financial impact on the national healthcare budget, there is neither a clear understanding of the mechanisms contributing to these side effects nor the best ways to address them. Studies that examined lifestyle modification and pharmaceutical agents have yielded mixed results. Therefore, clinical studies using agents, such as vitamin D, which are inexpensive, readily available, with low side effects profile, and have mechanisms to counteract the metabolic side effects of SGA agents, are warranted. Vitamin D is a prohormone with skeletal and extraskeletal properties that could potentially reduce the severity of these metabolic side effects. Its role as an adjunctive therapy for the management of metabolic side effects of SGA agents has not been adequately studied. Effective strategies to curb these side effects will improve the overall health of youths with psychiatric illnesses who receive SGAs. Herein we present a pilot study on the use of vitamin D in patients on treatment with SGAs.
Efficacy and safety of icotinib as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Background and objective Several clinical trials have proven that icotinib hydrochloride, a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits encouraging efficacy and tolerability in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. This study was performed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of icotinib as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma with EGFR-sensitive mutation. Patients and methods Thirty-five patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR-sensitive mutation who were sequentially admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled into our retrospective research. All patients were administered icotinib as first-line treatment. The tumor responses were evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1). Results Among the 35 patients, the tumor objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate were 62.9% (22/35) and 88.6% (31/35), respectively. The median progression-free survival was 11.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.2–11.8 months), and median overall survival was 21.0 months (95% CI: 20.1–21.9 months). The most common drug-related toxicities were rashes (eleven patients) and diarrhea (nine patients), but these were generally manageable and reversible. Conclusion Icotinib monotherapy is effective and tolerable as first-line treatment for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR-sensitive mutation.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention for ZigBee-Based Home Area Networks in Smart Grids

In this paper, we present a novel intrusion detection and prevention system for ZigBee-based home area networks in smart grids, HANIDPS. HANIDPS employs a model-based intrusion detection mechanism as well as a machine learning-based intrusion prevention system to protect the network against a wide range of attack types. The detection module extracts network features and analyzes them to decide whether the network is in a normal state. We use smart energy profile 2.0 specification as well as IEEE 802.15. 4 standard to precisely characterize the expected normal behavior. A set of defensive actions are defined for the prevention system which are effective in stopping various attack types. HANIDPS uses Q-learning and through interactions with environment learns the best strategy against an attack. Use of model-based approach for intrusion detection and dynamic learning for intrusion prevention, as well as employment of effective mechanisms to stop the attacks, provide a high performance for HANIDPS without the need for prior knowledge of the attacks. Soundness of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive analysis and experiments.
A Stable and Effective Learning Strategy for Trainable Greedy Decoding

Beam search is a widely used approximate search strategy for neural network decoders, and it generally outperforms simple greedy decoding on tasks like machine translation. However, this improvement comes at substantial computational cost. In this paper, we propose a flexible new method that allows us to reap nearly the full benefits of beam search with nearly no additional computational cost. The method revolves around a small neural network actor that is trained to observe and manipulate the hidden state of a previously-trained decoder. To train this actor network, we introduce the use of a pseudo-parallel corpus built using the output of beam search on a base model, ranked by a target quality metric like BLEU. Our method is inspired by earlier work on this problem, but requires no reinforcement learning, and can be trained reliably on a range of models. Experiments on three parallel corpora and three architectures show that the method yields substantial improvements in translation quality and speed over each base system.
Human Umbilical Cord MSC-Derived Exosomes Suppress the Development of CCl4-Induced Liver Injury through Antioxidant Effect

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly applied into clinical therapy. Exosomes are small (30–100 nm in diameter) membrane vesicles released by different cell types and possess the similar functions with their derived cells. Human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) play important roles in liver repair. However, the effects and mechanisms of hucMSC-Ex on liver injury development remain elusive. Mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury and liver tumor were induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection, followed by administration of hucMSC-Ex via the tail vein. Alleviation of liver injury by hucMSC-Ex was determined. We further explored the production of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the development of liver injury and compared the antioxidant effects of hucMSC-Ex with frequently used hepatic protectant, bifendate (DDB) in liver injury. hucMSC-Ex alleviated CCl4-induced acute liver injury and liver fibrosis and restrained the growth of liver tumors. Decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in hucMSC-Ex-treated mouse models and liver cells. Compared to bifendate (DDB) treatment, hucMSC-Ex presented more distinct antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. hucMSC-Ex may suppress CCl4-induced liver injury development via antioxidant potentials and could be a more effective antioxidant than DDB in CCl4-induced liver tumor development.
A magnetic integration half-turn planar transformer for LLC resonant DC-DC converters

This paper presents a new half-turn planar transformer with integrated leakage inductance for LLC resonant DC-DC converters. A simple EILP32 ferrite core is adopted in the proposed transformer. The primary side windings are placed at both the center and side legs of the ferrite core. By adjusting the distribution of the windings on the center and side legs, the leakage inductance of the transformer can be changed. In order to balance the core loss and the copper loss, the turn number of the secondary side winding is designed to 0.5. Two configurations of secondary winding and circuit structure are given and compared. The characteristics of the proposed transformer are simulated using Maxwell and Simplorer. Finally, a 380V / 12V, 500 kHz, 750W LLC converter was built to evaluate the performance of the proposed transformer. The converter can reach 12V stable output when the input voltage range is from 360V to 400V, and realize the highest efficiency of 97 % at half load condition.
Energy exchanges associated with eating and rumination in sheep given grass diets of different physical forms

1. Energy exchanges and other physiological functions associated with eating and rumination were determined in four experiments. Sheep were given chopped, dried grass (DGC), pelleted, dried grass (DGP) or fresh grass (FGC). 2. In Expt 1 a preliminary study was made using all three diets. The dry matter (DM) of DGP was eaten significantly faster than that of chopped diets. Sheep salivated most during eating and ruminated longest when given DGC. Rates of contraction for the reticulo-rumen did not differ significantly between diets during idling and rumination, but were significantly faster during eating with DGP. The apparent energy costs of eating were 17, 109 and 176 kJ/kg DM eaten for DGP, DGC and FGC respectively, but these probably underestimated the true energy cost. 3. Expt 2 compared DGP and DGC at two levels of intake. The mean energy costs of eating DGP and DGC were 23.5 and 267 kJ/kg DM respectively. There was no consistent relationship between the energy cost of eating and the duration of the meal. The proportion of time the sheep spent ruminating DGC was about 23% but less than 1% for DGP. There was no significant relationship between heat production and the time spent ruminating. 4. In Expt 3 four sheep were offered fresh grass and, later, an equivalent DM intake after the material had been dried. The sheep ate the dried meal significantly faster. The mean energy costs of eating were 208 and 346 kJ/kg DM for DGC and FGC respectively. In this experiment the sheep ruminated significantly longer when given FGC, and the energy cost of rumination was 0.11 kJ/min. 5. Increases in heat production during and after fistula-feeding were only 2–8% of those obtained during eating, indicating that nearly all the increase in heat production during eating could be attributed to the energy cost of eating per se. 6. The contribution of the energy costs of eating and rumination to the heat increment of feeding and the energy requirement for maintenance of sheep are discussed.
Treatment-related brain tumor imaging changes: So-called “pseudoprogression” vs. tumor progression: Review and future research opportunities

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a dismal prognosis despite aggressive therapy. Initial diagnosis and measurement of response to treatment is usually determined by measurement of gadolinium-enhanced tumor volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, many GBM treatment modalities can cause changes in tumor gadolinium enhancement patterns that mimic tumor progression. The lack of a definitive imaging modality to distinguish posttreatment radiographic imaging changes (PTRIC), including pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis, from true tumor progression presents a major unmet clinical need in the management of GBM patients. Methods: The authors discuss current modalities available for differentiating PTRIC and tumor progression, describe development of an animal model of PTRIC, and consider potential molecular and cellular pathways involved in the development of PTRIC. Results: An animal model using glioma cells transfected with a luciferase reporter has been developed, and after conventional GBM therapy, this animal model can be evaluated with posttreatment bioluminescence imaging and various MR tumor imaging modalities. Conclusions: Posttreatment radiographic changes that mimic tumor progression can influence clinicians to make treatment decisions that are inappropriate for the patient's actual clinical condition. Several imaging modalities have been used to try to distinguish PTRIC and true progression, including conventional MRI, perfusion MRI, MR spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography (PET); however, none of these modalities has consistently and reliably distinguished PTRIC from tumor growth. An animal model using glioma cells transfected with a luciferase reporter may enable mechanistic studies to determine causes and potential treatments for PTRIC.
Fournier's Gangrene: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the General US Population

Purpose: Case series reported 20-40% mortality rates for patients with Fournier's gangrene with some series as high as 88%. This literature comes almost exclusively from referral centers. Materials and Methods: We identified and analyzed inpatients with Fournier's gangrene who had a surgical debridement or died in the US State Inpatient Databases. Results: One thousand six hundred and forty one males and 39 females with Fournier's gangrene represented <0.02% of hospital admissions. Overall, the incidence was 1.6 cases per 100,000 males and case fatality was 7.5%. Sixty six percent of hospitals cared for no cases per year, 17% cared for 1 case per year, 10% cared for 2 cases per year, 4% cared for 3 cases per year, 1% cared for 4 cases per year, and only 1% cared for ≥5 cases per year. Teaching hospitals had higher mortality (adjusted OR 1.9) due primarily to more acutely ill patients. Hospitals treating more than 1 Fournier's gangrene case per year had an adjusted 42-84% lower mortality (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Most hospitals rarely care for Fournier's gangrene patients. The population-based mortality rate (7.5%) was substantially lower than the case series from tertiary care centers. Hospitals that treated more number of Fournier's gangrene patients had lower mortality rates, thereby supporting the rationale that regionalized care worked well for patients with this rare disease.
The role of plants and land management in sequestering soil carbon in temperate arable and grassland ecosystems

Global climate change and concerns about soil quality have led to a widespread interest in the opportunities that are available to sequester carbon in soils. To achieve a better understanding of the changes in C storage, we need to be able to accurately measure and model inputs and losses of C from soils. This in turn requires a thorough understanding of the biological processes involved and the way in which they are influenced by the soil’s physical and chemical environment. The amount of C present in a soil is determined by the difference between C addition and C loss. Because these fluxes are large relative to changes in C storage, net storage can be very difficult to measure, particularly in the short term. Carbon is added to soil from plant and animal materials deposited on the soil surface. It is known that approximately 50% of C assimilated by young plants can be transferred below ground; some is used for root construction and maintenance as well as root respiration; some organic C is lost to the soil through exudation and root turnover. A comparison of eight studies has shown that the input to the soil of root derived organic C during a growing season can range between 0.1 and 2.8 t C ha . Quantifying inputs from different processes has proved difficult and the relative importance of exudation and root death under field conditions remains uncertain. The chemical composition of substrates released by exudation and root death is known to be very different. Exudates contain high concentrations of soluble organic substrates and as a consequence are highly labile, whereas additions of C from root death have structural organic substrates with lower potential decomposition rates. Losses of C from soil occur as a consequence of plant and microbial respiration. However, identifying the source of evolved CO2, whether it be from root or microbial respiration, is much more difficult. Some new methods using isotopic labelling and pool dilution have been developed to separate plant and microbial respiration, and despite difficulties, these promise to provide valuable information on the processes of C input and loss from soils. At a field scale measurements and models would suggest that soil and crop management can play a significant role in determining the extent of C sequestration by soils and the proportion of labile C present. A comparison of 11 field studies showed that soil respiration varies between 4 and 26 t C ha 1 year , with management such as tillage, drainage, grazing and manure application exerting a strong influence on the magnitude of fluxes. Net ecosystem exchange of C has been shown to be at least an order of magnitude lower than respiratory losses in comparable studies, but land management is important in determining the direction and magnitude of the C flux. Recent studies have suggested that although the overall quantity of C stored in European soils is increasing, this increase is confined largely to forested areas and that many cropped