Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Magical Thinking, Inferential Confusion and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Inferential confusion is an under-researched faulty reasoning process in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Based on an overreliance on imagined possibilities, it shares similarities with the extensively researched construct of thought–action fusion (TAF). While TAF has been proposed as a specific subset of the broader construct of magical thinking, the relationship between inferential confusion and magical thinking is unexplored. The present study investigated this relationship, and hypothesised that magical thinking would partially mediate the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. A non-clinical sample of 201 participants (M = 34.94, SD = 15.88) were recruited via convenience sampling. Regression analyses found the hypothesised mediating relationship was supported, as magical thinking did partially mediate the relationship between inferential confusion and OC symptoms. Interestingly, inferential confusion had the stronger relationship with OC symptoms in comparison to the other predictor variables. Results suggest that inferential confusion can both directly and indirectly (via magical thinking) impact on OC symptoms. Future studies with clinical samples should further investigate these constructs to determine whether similar patterns emerge, as this may eventually inform which cognitive errors to target in treatment of OCD.
Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in the imatinib era

There is paucity of data from developing countries on the efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The primary objective of this study was to document complete and partial cytogenetic responses to imatinib in all phases of CML. Secondary objectives included evaluations of complete hematologic response, safety, time to progression, and survival.
Human Resource Management as a Determining Factor in Organizational Learning

The role of human resource management in learning organizations has been discussed by a number of researchers. It is suggested that some of the more traditional personnel functions of HR practitioners may be tailored to encourage a focus on learning and thus to help achieve organizational goals. However, there is a lack of empirical studies that explore the relationship between human resource management and organizational learning. This article aims to address this shortcoming. More specifically, the purpose of this article is to analyse the relation between four human resources practices (hiring, training, compensation and decision-making) and organizational learning. The hypotheses proposed were tested on a sample of 195 Spanish companies using the structural equation modelling technique. The results support that selective hiring, strategic training and employee participation in decision-making positively influence organizational learning.
Common Virulence Factors and Genetic Relationships between O18:K1:H7 Escherichia coli Isolates of Human and Avian Origin

ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) Escherichia coli strains of serotype O18:K1:H7 are mainly responsible for neonatal meningitis and sepsis in humans and belong to a limited number of closely related clones. The same serotype is also frequently isolated from the extraintestinal lesions of colibacillosis in poultry, but it is not well known to what extent human and avian strains of this particular serotype are related. Twenty-two ExPEC isolates of human origin and 33 isolates of avian origin were compared on the basis of their virulence determinants, lethality for chicks, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, and classification in the main phylogenetic groups. Both avian and human isolates were lethal for chicks and harbored similar virulence genotypes. A major virulence pattern, identified in 75% of the isolates, was characterized by the presence of F1 variant fimbriae; S fimbriae; IbeA; the aerobactin system; and genomic fragments A9, A12, D1, D7, D10, and D11 and by the absence of P fimbriae, F1C fimbriae, Afa adhesin, and CNF1. All but one of the avian and human isolates also belonged to major phylogenetic group B2. However, various subclonal populations could be distinguished by PFGE in relation to animal species and geographical origin. These results demonstrate that very closely related clones can be recovered from extraintestinal infections in humans and chickens and suggest that avian pathogenic E. coli isolates of serotype O18:K1:H7 are potential human pathogens.
Listening to Mozart Does Not Enhance Backwards Digit Span Performance

Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky recently reported that exposure to brief periods of music by Mozart produced a temporary increase in performance on tasks taken from the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale-TV. The present study examined whether this effect occurred in performance on a backwards digit span task. In a within-subjects design 36 undergraduates were exposed to 10–min. periods of Mozart music, a recording of rain, or silence. After each stimulus period, undergraduates had three attempts to hear and recall different 9–digit strings in reverse order. No significant differences among treatment conditions were found. There was a significant effect of practice. Results are discussed in terms of the need to isolate the conditions responsible for production of the Mozart effect.
Gene Annotation and Drug Target Discovery in Candida albicans with a Tagged Transposon Mutant Collection

Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, causing infections that can be lethal in immunocompromised patients. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for C. albicans, it lacks C. albicans' diverse morphogenic forms and is primarily non-pathogenic. Comprehensive genetic analyses that have been instrumental for determining gene function in S. cerevisiae are hampered in C. albicans, due in part to limited resources to systematically assay phenotypes of loss-of-function alleles. Here, we constructed and screened a library of 3633 tagged heterozygous transposon disruption mutants, using them in a competitive growth assay to examine nutrient- and drug-dependent haploinsufficiency. We identified 269 genes that were haploinsufficient in four growth conditions, the majority of which were condition-specific. These screens identified two new genes necessary for filamentous growth as well as ten genes that function in essential processes. We also screened 57 chemically diverse compounds that more potently inhibited growth of C. albicans versus S. cerevisiae. For four of these compounds, we examined the genetic basis of this differential inhibition. Notably, Sec7p was identified as the target of brefeldin A in C. albicans screens, while S. cerevisiae screens with this compound failed to identify this target. We also uncovered a new C. albicans-specific target, Tfp1p, for the synthetic compound 0136-0228. These results highlight the value of haploinsufficiency screens directly in this pathogen for gene annotation and drug target identification.
The Diffusion and Value of Healthcare Information Technology

Through a series of interviews and database analyses, and an extensive literature review and synthesis, this report characterizes the diffusion of use of electronic health records and places a value on that diffusion. This report characterizes the diffusion of use of electronic health records (EHRs). The author uses interviews and surveys and a literature review to investigates whether healthcare is expected to duplicate the gains enabled by information technology seen in several prominent industries. To accomplish this, the following questions are asked: What is the current diffusion of health information technology? How does EHR diffusion compare to innovations in other industries? What is such diffusion worth to society? What should the government do, if anything, to speed the adoption of EHRs?
Adolescentes em privação de liberdade: as práticas de lazer e seus processos educativos

(analitico sintetico): O presente artigo busca contribuir com as discussoes existentesem relacao ao lazer de adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de internacao na Fundacao Casa, em Sao Paulo/Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa e os dados foram coletados utilizando analise documental, observacao participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco jovens. Identificaram-se tres focos de analise: concepcao de lazer; atividades de lazer; processos educativos. Para tal, tomou-se o foco atividades de lazer, sendo analisado antes da privacao, durante a internacao e durante o cumprimento de sancao disciplinar. O estudo evidencia a relevância da pratica social do lazer como possibilidade objetiva de (re)insercao do jovem a vida cotidiana, uma vez que se reveste de processos educativos que contribuem com a inclusao social.
CUED-RNNLM — An open-source toolkit for efficient training and evaluation of recurrent neural network language models

In recent years, recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) have become increasingly popular for a range of applications including speech recognition. However, the training of RNNLMs is computationally expensive, which limits the quantity of data, and size of network, that can be used. In order to fully exploit the power of RNNLMs, efficient training implementations are required. This paper introduces an open-source toolkit, the CUED-RNNLM toolkit, which supports efficient GPU-based training of RNNLMs. RNNLM training with a large number of word level output targets is supported, in contrast to existing tools which used class-based output-targets. Support fotN-best and lattice-based rescoring of both HTK and Kaldi format lattices is included. An example of building and evaluating RNNLMs with this toolkit is presented for a Kaldi based speech recognition system using the AMI corpus. All necessary resources including the source code, documentation and recipe are available online1.
ATHLETES' USE OF EXERCISE IMAGERY DURING WEIGHT TRAINING

Imagery is a cognitive process during which people use their minds to create (or recreate) experiences that are similar to real-life situations. This study examined how college athletes used imagery during weight training. Subjects were 295 Division I (n = 163) and Division II (n = 132) college student athletes (men: n = 138, women: n = 157) who participated in a weight training program as a requirement of their sport. They completed a slightly modified version of the “Weight Lifting Imagery Questionnaire. ” Results showed that appearance imagery (i.e., images related to the attainment of a fit-looking body) was used and considered the most effective followed by technique imagery (i.e., images related to performing the skill and techniques correctly with good form) and energy imagery (i.e., images related to getting “psyched up” or feeling energized). Other variables that effected imagery use were gender, age, time of season, and levels of motivation. In addition, gender, previous imagery training, and level of motivation had an effect on the perceptions of imagery effectiveness. Confidence in the ability to image was associated with both imagery use and effectiveness, and imagery use and effectiveness were associated with confidence in the weight room. The findings support previous research in exercise imagery that appearance imagery is most used followed by technique and energy imagery and extend them in such a way that strength coaches have practical advice on how to use imagery in a positive way with their athletes. Suggestions about how strength coaches can use imagery with their clients are provided.
Specifying the Underlying Constructs of Home Culture Attachment Scale

This study was conducted to extract first, the underlying factors of Home Culture Attachment Scale (HCAS) and second, to confirm these factors via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. To meet this end, the scale was distributed to 374 English language learners in private language institutes in Mashhad, Iran. To determine the construct validity of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed. The results of the analyses demonstrated that there were five underlying factors of the scale. Then, SEM analysis was performed to find a model of interaction among variables. The SEM results confirmed the existence of five factors. Finally, statistical results were discussed and implications were provided in the context of English language learning.
Culture and medical decision making: Healthcare consumer perspectives in Japan and the United States.

OBJECTIVE Two studies identified core value influences on medical decision-making processes across and within cultures. METHODS In Study 1, Japanese and American adults reported desired levels of medical decision-making influence across conditions that varied in seriousness. Cultural antecedents (interdependence, independence, and power distance) were also measured. In Study 2, American adults reviewed a colorectal cancer screening decision aid. Decision preparedness was measured along with interdependence, independence, and desire for medical information. RESULTS In Study 1, higher interdependence predicted stronger desire for decision-making information in both countries, but was significantly stronger in Japan. The path from information desire to decision-making influence desire was significant only in Japan. The independence path to desire for decision-making influence was significant only in the United States. Power distance effects negatively predicted desire for decision-making influence only in the United States. For Study 2, high (low) interdependents and women (men) in the United States felt that a colorectal cancer screening decision aid helped prepare them more (less) for a medical consultation. Low interdependent men were at significantly higher risk for low decision preparedness. CONCLUSIONS Study 1 suggests that Japanese participants may tend to view medical decision-making influence as an interdependent, information sharing exchange, whereas American respondents may be more interested in power sharing that emphasizes greater independence. Study 2 demonstrates the need to assess value influences on medical decision-making processes within and across cultures and suggests that individually tailored versions of decision aids may optimize decision preparedness.
T cell receptor β‐chain repertoire analysis reveals intratumour heterogeneity of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a generally poor prognosis, due to the lack of effective treatment methods. Immunotherapeutic approaches based on tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have demonstrated that durable responses are produced in some patients with solid tumours, which suggests the potential feasibility of clinical application of immunotherapy for ESCC. However, many of the basic characteristics of TILs in ESCC are poorly understood, including clonality, specificity and spatial heterogeneity of the response of TILs, which depends on the interaction between antigens and T cell receptors (TCRs). We used ultra‐deep sequencing of rearranged genes in TCR β‐chain (TCRβ) to profile the basic characteristics of T cells in tumour tissues (four to six regions from each tumour) as well as matched adjacent normal tissue and peripheral blood from seven patients diagnosed with primary ESCC. We found that T cell clones within ESCCs were quite different from those of the peripheral blood and even the adjacent normal tissues in general. Although there was a relatively higher degree of overlap of intratumoural TCRβ repertoires than those between the tumour and other tissues, intratumoural TCRβ repertoires were spatially heterogeneous. Due to the restricted sampling, high‐throughput TCRβ sequencing could characterize the diversity and composition of a limited (compartment‐dependent) fraction of the respective T cell clones in any individual ESCC, expanding our understanding of immune behaviour and immune response and shedding more light on ESCC immunotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite method to quantify powder flow as a screening method in early tablet or capsule formulation development

The flow properties of typial tablet and capsule formulation excipients, active compounds, and representative formulation blends were tested with current and novel flow measurement techniques to identify a reliable bench test to quantify powder flow as a screening method in early tablet and capsule formulation development. Test methods employed were vibrating spatula, critical orifice, angle of repose, compressibility index, and avalanching analysis. Powder flow results from each method were compiled in a database, sorted, and compared. An empirical composite index was established and powder flow was ranked in accordance with formulator experience. Principal components analyses of the angle of repose, percent compressibility, and critical orifice of the powder materials were also performed. The first principal component accounted for 72.8% of data variability; scores associated with this principal component score can serve as an index of flowability. Data generated from vibrating spatula and avalanching methods were not reproducible and were inconsistent with formulator experience and cited vendor references for flow. Improvements of test instruments and further studies are necessary for better assessment of these approaches.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genetic diversity in the nervous system: Evolutionary epiphenomenon or disease determinant?

Over the past decade there has been a revolution in the understanding and care of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-associated disease. Much of this progress stems from a broader recognition of the importance of differences in viral types, including receptor preference(s), replication properties, and reservoirs, as contributing factors to immunosuppresion and disease progression. In contrast, there is limited conceptualizatin of viral diversity and turnover in the brain and circulation in relation to neurocognitive impairments. Herein, the authors review current concepts regarding viral molecular diversity and phenotypes together with features of HIV-1 neuroinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence, and neurosusceptiblity. Viral genetic and antigenic diversity is reduced within the brain compared to blood or other systemic organs within individuals. Conversely, viral molecular heterogeneity is greater in patients with HIV-associated dementia compared to nondemented patients, depending on the viral gene examined. Individual viral proteins exert multiple neuropathogenic effects, although the neurological consequences of different viral polymorphisms remain uncertain. Nonetheless, host genetic polymorphisms clearly influence neurological disease outcomes and likely dictate both acquired and innate immune responses, which in turn shape viral evolution within the host. Emerging issues include widespread antiretroviral therapy resistance and increasing awareness of viral superinfections together with viral recombination, all of which are likely to impact on both HIV genetic variation and neuropathogenesis. With the increasing prevalence of HIV-induced neurocognitive disabilities, despite marked improvements in managing immunosuppression, it remains imperative to fully define and understand the mechanisms by which viral dynamics and diversity contribute to neurological disease, permitting the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Organizational Consulting: A Gestalt Approach

Development and Application of the Gestalt Figure-Ground Model The Gestalt Cycle of Experience as an Orienting Principle A Gestalt Model of Organizational Intervention On Presence - The Consultant as a Learning Model The Desired Skills of a Competent Intervenor Gestalt Awareness Process in Organizational Assessment Evocative and Provocative Modes of Influence in the Implementation of Change On the Meaning of Resistance in Organizational Settings Developing Relationships with Clients - Organization Consulting as Contrasted with Psychotherapy Marginality, Autonomy and Affiliation - The Precarious Balance Epilogue - Learning to Deal with Regret.
Study of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthetic benzyl bromides, ketones, and corresponding chalcone derivatives

Several applications of chalcones and their derivatives encouraged researchers to increase their synthesis as an alternative for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections. In the present study, chalcone derivatives were synthesized through cross aldol condensation reaction between 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and multiarm aromatic ketones. The multiarm aromatic ketones were synthesized through nucleophilic substitution reaction between 4-hydroxy acetophenone and benzyl bromides. The benzyl bromides, multiarm aromatic ketones, and corresponding chalcone derivatives were evaluated for their activities against eleven clinical pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and three pathogenic fungi by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution technique. The results of the present study demonstrated that benzyl bromide derivatives have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties as compared to synthetic chalcone derivatives and ketones. Benzyl bromides (1a and 1c) showed high ester activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi but moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, these compounds may be considered as good antibacterial and antifungal drug discovery. However, substituted ketones (2a–b) as well as chalcone derivatives (3a–c) showed no activity against all the tested strains except for ketone (2c), which showed moderate activity against Candida albicans.
Simulation of phase separation in quiescent and sheared liquids

In this thesis we report on molecular dynamics simulations of phase separation of simple and complex binary liquids in sheared and non-sheared systems. The separation of milk into liquid whey and solid curd is a very common example of phase separation observed in daily life. The phenomenon finds its application in various fields of science and technology, ranging from metals, semiconductors, superconductors to simple and complex fluids such as polymers, surfactants, colloids, emulsions and biological materials. The principles driving the phenomenon of phase separation are very fundamental in nature, i.e. interaction difference between like and unlike molecules, making it an interesting problem to study. The aim of our study is to enhance the understanding of the dynamics and rheology of the phenomenon of phase separation.
Bilingual language switching and the frontal lobes: Modulatory control in language selection

Bilinguals typically show a cost of switching between their two languages. When asked to name single numerals rapidly and unpredictably in one or the other language, nonbalanced bilinguals demonstrate markedly slower responses on switch trials. This language switching cost is consistently larger when switching to the speaker's stronger, dominant language (L1), resulting in a crossover such that L 1 responses are slower. To ascertain the brain mechanisms mediating the control of language switching, switching was examined in a bilingual patient with frontal lobe damage and impaired control processes, FK. While FK showed RT language switching costs well within the normal range on successful switch trials into the dominant language, he made an inordinately high number of erroneous dominant language responses when required to switch from the dominant language to the nondominant language. In addition, FK showed comparatively greater difficulty in maintaining the nondominant language across trials. FK's deficits are attributed to problems in modulating inhibitory resources across trials in a dominant language system.