Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Feature Emergence in Metaphor Appreciation

This study examined how emergent features, which are made salient in the interpretation of metaphor, are related to metaphor appreciation. According to an incongruity resolution model of poetic appreciation, the role of emergent features in metaphor appreciation is predicted to facilitate poetic appreciation by constituting a richer interpretation when topic-vehicle similarity is lower. Two experiments demonstrated that this prediction was supported for comprehensible metaphors. In Experiment 1, more emergent features were generated when comprehensible metaphors with lower topic-vehicle similarity were interpreted, and richer interpretations included more emergent features. In Experiment 2, poeticality rating of comprehensible metaphors was positively correlated with richness of interpretation. Furthermore, Experiment 2 found that conceptual aptness of metaphor also affected poeticality of comprehensible metaphors but, in contrast, that only emotive value of metaphor affected poeticality of less comprehensible metaphors. This finding suggests that the process of poetic appreciation may differ between comprehensible and less comprehensible metaphors.
Cohort Profile Cohort Profile : The 1934 – 66 Mysore Birth Records Cohort in South India

Cohort Profile: The 1934–66 Mysore Birth Records Cohort in South India Murali Krishna,* Kumaran Kalyanaraman, SR Veena, GV Krishanveni, SC Karat, Vanessa Cox, Patsy Coakley, Kiran Nagaraj, Claudia Stein, BDR Paul, Martin Prince, Clive Osmond and Caroline HD Fall Early Career Research Fellow, Wellcome DBT India Alliance, India, Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, Division of Information, Evidence, Research and Innovation at WHO/ Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London, UK
Bni5p, a Septin-Interacting Protein, Is Required for Normal Septin Function and Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Cdc3p, Cdc10p, Cdc11p, Cdc12p, and Sep7p/Shs1p septins assemble early in the cell cycle in a ring that marks the future cytokinetic site. The septins appear to be major structural components of a set of filaments at the mother-bud neck and function as a scaffold for recruiting proteins involved in cytokinesis and other processes. We isolated a novel gene, BNI5, as a dosage suppressor of the cdc12-6 growth defect. Overexpression of BNI5 also suppressed the growth defects of cdc10-1, cdc11-6, and sep7Δ strains. Loss of BNI5 resulted in a cytokinesis defect, as evidenced by the formation of connected cells with shared cytoplasms, and deletion of BNI5 in a cdc3-6, cdc10-1, cdc11-6, cdc12-6, or sep7Δ mutant strain resulted in enhanced defects in septin localization and cytokinesis. Bni5p localizes to the mother-bud neck in a septin-dependent manner shortly after bud emergence and disappears from the neck approximately 2 to 3 min before spindle disassembly. Two-hybrid, in vitro binding, and protein-localization studies suggest that Bni5p interacts with the N-terminal domain of Cdc11p, which also appears to be sufficient for the localization of Cdc11p, its interaction with other septins, and other critical aspects of its function. Our data suggest that the Bni5p-septin interaction is important for septin ring stability and function, which is in turn critical for normal cytokinesis.
Two-Component Signal Transduction System CBO0787/CBO0786 Represses Transcription from Botulinum Neurotoxin Promoters in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502

Blocking neurotransmission, botulinum neurotoxin is the most poisonous biological substance known to mankind. Despite its infamy as the scourge of the food industry, the neurotoxin is increasingly used as a pharmaceutical to treat an expanding range of muscle disorders. Whilst neurotoxin expression by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum appears tightly regulated, to date only positive regulatory elements, such as the alternative sigma factor BotR, have been implicated in this control. The identification of negative regulators has proven to be elusive. Here, we show that the two-component signal transduction system CBO0787/CBO0786 negatively regulates botulinum neurotoxin expression. Single insertional inactivation of cbo0787 encoding a sensor histidine kinase, or of cbo0786 encoding a response regulator, resulted in significantly elevated neurotoxin gene expression levels and increased neurotoxin production. Recombinant CBO0786 regulator was shown to bind to the conserved −10 site of the core promoters of the ha and ntnh-botA operons, which encode the toxin structural and accessory proteins. Increasing concentration of CBO0786 inhibited BotR-directed transcription from the ha and ntnh-botA promoters, demonstrating direct transcriptional repression of the ha and ntnh-botA operons by CBO0786. Thus, we propose that CBO0786 represses neurotoxin gene expression by blocking BotR-directed transcription from the neurotoxin promoters. This is the first evidence of a negative regulator controlling botulinum neurotoxin production. Understanding the neurotoxin regulatory mechanisms is a major target of the food and pharmaceutical industries alike.
A 54-μW fast-settling arterial pulse wave sensor for wrist watch type system

A dedicated ultra-low power arterial pulse wave (APW) sensor for wrist watch type system is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology with 1.8-V supply. A duty cycle controlled (DCC) current source (CS) enables low-power consuming current injection with 98% power reduction. A DC balanced amplifier reduces settling time by 72%, enabling fast APW signal acquisition when motion artifact is occurred. The simulated 2.125-mm2 single chip APW sensor consumes only 54-μW.
The orthopedic gender gap: trends in authorship and editorial board representation over the past 4 decades.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the representation of women among the authors and editorial board members of prominent general orthopedics journals and to determine how these proportions have changed over time. Gender was determined for the authors of all original research studies, case reports, and review articles published in 2 prominent general orthopedics journals in 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2007. Gender was also determined for each individual serving on the editorial boards of these journals during these years. Between 1970 and 2007, the representation of women increased from 0.8% to 6.5% among first authors (P<.001), from 0.0% to 4.3% among last authors (P = .015), and from 1.6% to 5.4% among editorial board members (P = .16). However, the rates of increase observed in orthopedics were lower than those observed in other fields (P<.05). Between 1970 and 2007, female representation increased significantly among physicians publishing in 2 prominent general orthopedics journals, but these rates of increase were lower than those observed in other fields of medicine.
Unmasking false epilepsy: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

These are the electrocardiographic (ECG) findings of a 15 year-old male with a long term history of seizure episodes associated with exposure to physical or emotional stress treated unsuccessfully with carbamazepine for two years. The patient was referred to our cardiac electrophysiology department for further evaluation after negative workup for epilepsy. Physical examination was unremarkable. Resting 12-lead ECG and echocardiogram were found to be normal. The patient was referred for a treadmill test as part of the evaluation of his syncopal episodes. On the resting phase of the ergometric test, we found sinus bradycardia and normal PR, QRS, and QTc intervals (Fig. 1). During the phase II of the original Bruce protocol, the patient presented a polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia (Fig. 2). The test was interrupted because of pre-syncope. A possible diagnosis of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was made based on the results of the stress test.
Central Role of Reverting Mutations in HLA Associations with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Set Point

ABSTRACT Much uncertainty still exists over what T-cell responses need to be induced by an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. Previous studies have hypothesized that the effective CD8+ T-cell responses are those driving the selection of escape mutations that reduce viral fitness and therefore revert posttransmission. In this study, we adopted a novel approach to define better the role of reverting escape mutations in immune control of HIV infection. This analysis of sequences from 710 study subjects with chronic C-clade HIV type 1 infection demonstrates the importance of mutations that impose a fitness cost in the control of viremia. Consistent with previous studies, the viral set points associated with each HLA-B allele are strongly correlated with the number of Gag-specific polymorphisms associated with the relevant HLA-B allele (r = −0.56, P = 0.0034). The viral set points associated with each HLA-C allele were also strongly correlated with the number of Pol-specific polymorphisms associated with the relevant HLA-C allele (r = −0.67, P = 0.0047). However, critically, both these correlations were dependent solely on the polymorphisms identified as reverting. Therefore, despite the inevitable evolution of viral escape, viremia can be controlled through the selection of mutations that are detrimental to viral fitness. The significance of these results is in highlighting the rationale for an HIV vaccine that can induce these broad responses.
Implicit and automated emotional tagging of videos

Emotions play a pivotal role in viewers' content selection and use. The main aim of this study is to detect and estimate affective characteristics of videos based on the content and viewers' response. These emotional characterizations can be used to tag the content. Implicit or automated tagging of videos using emotions help recommendation and retrieval systems to improve their performance. The analysis and evaluations directions in this thesis are twofold: first, methodology and results of emotion recognition methods employed to detect emotion in response to videos are presented. Second, methodology and results of emotional understanding of multimedia using content analysis are provided. In conclusion, promising results have been obtained in emotional tagging of videos. However, emotional understanding of multimedia is a challenging task and with the current state of the art methods a universal solution to detect and tag all different content which suits all the users is not possible.
Influenza Infection Rates, Measurement Errors and the Interpretation of Paired Serology

Serological studies are the gold standard method to estimate influenza infection attack rates (ARs) in human populations. In a common protocol, blood samples are collected before and after the epidemic in a cohort of individuals; and a rise in haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers during the epidemic is considered as a marker of infection. Because of inherent measurement errors, a 2-fold rise is usually considered as insufficient evidence for infection and seroconversion is therefore typically defined as a 4-fold rise or more. Here, we revisit this widely accepted 70-year old criterion. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo data augmentation model to quantify measurement errors and reconstruct the distribution of latent true serological status in a Vietnamese 3-year serological cohort, in which replicate measurements were available. We estimate that the 1-sided probability of a 2-fold error is 9.3% (95% Credible Interval, CI: 3.3%, 17.6%) when antibody titer is below 10 but is 20.2% (95% CI: 15.9%, 24.0%) otherwise. After correction for measurement errors, we find that the proportion of individuals with 2-fold rises in antibody titers was too large to be explained by measurement errors alone. Estimates of ARs vary greatly depending on whether those individuals are included in the definition of the infected population. A simulation study shows that our method is unbiased. The 4-fold rise case definition is relevant when aiming at a specific diagnostic for individual cases, but the justification is less obvious when the objective is to estimate ARs. In particular, it may lead to large underestimates of ARs. Determining which biological phenomenon contributes most to 2-fold rises in antibody titers is essential to assess bias with the traditional case definition and offer improved estimates of influenza ARs.
An observing system simulation for Southern Ocean carbon dioxide uptake

The Southern Ocean is critically important to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Up to half of the excess CO2 currently in the ocean entered through the Southern Ocean. That uptake helps to maintain the global carbon balance and buffers transient climate change from fossil fuel emissions. However, the future evolution of the uptake is uncertain, because our understanding of the dynamics that govern the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake is incomplete. Sparse observations and incomplete model formulations limit our ability to constrain the monthly and annual uptake, interannual variability and long-term trends. Float-based sampling of ocean biogeochemistry provides an opportunity for transforming our understanding of the Southern Ocean CO2 flux. In this work, we review current estimates of the CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean and projections of its response to climate change. We then show, via an observational system simulation experiment, that float-based sampling provides a significant opportunity for measuring the mean fluxes and monitoring the mean uptake over decadal scales.
Closure between measured and modeled cloud condensation nuclei ( CCN ) using size-resolved aerosol compositions in downtown Toronto

Closure between measured and modeled cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) using size-resolved aerosol compositions in downtown Toronto K. Broekhuizen, R. Y. -W. Chang, W. R. Leaitch, S. -M. Li, and J. P. D. Abbatt Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada Meteorological Service of Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada Received: 16 June 2005 – Accepted: 1 August 2005 – Published: 19 August 2005 Correspondence to: J. P. D. Abbatt (jabbatt@chem.utoronto.ca) © 2005 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Application of Imogolite, Almino-Silicate Nanotube, as Scaffold for the Mineralization of Osteoblasts

Imogolite is a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay mineral with a nanotube structure. In this study, synthetic imogolite nanotubes were applied to cell culture and the properties as scaffold were compared with those of a conventional culture dish and the carbon nanotube scaffold. The surface characteristics of the imogolite scaffold were drastically changed with the amount of imogolite on the dish. Human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) on imogolite scaffolds showed a widely spreading morphology and a high functional expression. Particularly, the scaffold with the large amount of imogolite provided the suitable environments of topography, roughness, wettability and protein adsorption ability for widely spreading morphology and differentiation of osteoblasts. Imogolite retains various positive factors as scaffolds for osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and is expected for the application to bone tissue engineering.
Drawing networks of rejection – a systems biological approach to the identification of candidate genes in heart transplantation

Technological development led to an increased interest in systems biological approaches to characterize disease mechanisms and candidate genes relevant to specific diseases. We suggested that the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) network can be delineated by cellular reconstruction to guide identification of candidate genes. Based on 285 microarrays (7370 genes) from 98 heart transplant patients enrolled in the Cardiac Allograft Rejection Gene Expression Observational study, we used an information‐theoretic, reverse‐engineering algorithm called ARACNe (algorithm for the reconstruction of accurate cellular networks) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to reconstruct and validate a putative gene PBMC interaction network. We focused our analysis on transcription factor (TF) genes and developed a priority score to incorporate aspects of network dynamics and information from published literature to supervise gene discovery. ARACNe generated a cellular network and predicted interactions for each TF during rejection and quiescence. Genes ranked highest by priority score included those related to apoptosis, humoural and cellular immune response such as GA binding protein transcription factor (GABP), nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells (NFκB), Fas (TNFRSF6)‐associated via death domain (FADD) and c‐AMP response element binding protein. We used the TF CREB to validate our network. ARACNe predicted 29 putative first‐neighbour genes of CREB. Eleven of these (37%) were previously reported. Out of the 18 unknown predicted interactions, 14 primers were identified and 11 could be immunoprecipitated (78.6%). Overall, 75% (n= 22) inferred CREB targets were validated, a significantly higher fraction than randomly expected (P < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test). Our results confirm the accuracy of ARACNe to reconstruct the PBMC transcriptional network and show the utility of systems biological approaches to identify possible molecular targets and biomarkers.
The Longitudinal Evolution of Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation after Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Background: Acute stroke is known to impair cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, but the longitudinal changes of these effects have been poorly reported. The main CBF regulatory mechanisms [cerebral autoregulation (CA) and neurovascular coupling (NVC)] were assessed over 3 months after acute ischaemic stroke. Methods: Recordings of CBF velocity (CBFv), blood pressure (BP), and end-tidal CO2 were performed during 5 min baseline and 1 min passive movement of the elbow. Stroke patients were assessed <72 h of stroke onset, and at 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months after stroke. Results: Fifteen acute stroke subjects underwent all 4 sessions and were compared to 22 control subjects. Baseline recordings revealed a significantly lower CBFv in the affected hemisphere within 72 h after stroke compared to controls (p = 0.02) and a reduction in CA index most marked at 2 weeks (p = 0.009). CBFv rise in response to passive arm movement was decreased bilaterally after stroke, particularly in the affected hemisphere (p < 0.01). Both alterations in CA and NVC returned to control levels during recovery. Conclusion: The major novel finding of this study was that both CA and NVC regulatory mechanisms deteriorated initially following stroke onset, but returned to control levels during the recovery period. These findings are relevant to guide the timing of interventions to manipulate BP and potentially for the impact of intensive rehabilitation strategies that may precipitate acute physiological perturbations but require further exploration in a larger population that better reflects the heterogeneity of stroke. Further, they will also enable the potential influence of stroke subtype to be investigated.
Heterogeneous Ensembles for Software Development Effort Estimation

Software effort estimation influences almost all the process of software development such as: bidding, planning, and budgeting. Hence, delivering an accurate estimation in early stages of the software life cycle may be the key of success of any project. To this aim, many solo techniques have been proposed to predict the effort required to develop a software system. Nevertheless, none of them proved to be suitable in all circumstances. Recently, Ensemble Effort Estimation has been investigated to estimate software effort and consists on generating the software effort by combining more than one solo estimation technique by means of a combination rule. In this study, a heterogeneous EEE based on four machine learning techniques was investigated using three linear rules and two well-known datasets. The results of this study suggest that the proposed heterogeneous EEE yields a very promising performance and there is no best combiner rule that can be recommended.
Using Brain - Computer Interface For Control Robot Movement

The basic idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is the connection of brain waves with an output device through some interface. Aim of this article is to clarify the potential utilization of complex EEG signal in BCI system. For this purpose, real application of BCI technology was designed and tested. This paper describes this real application in detail and discussed its qualities with respect to its further practical utilization.
Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Gasoline Fuel Oxygenates by Microwave Irradiation

Recent concerns about climate change and problems associated with the use of fossil-de‐ rived fuels and nuclear energy have inspired researchers to seriously explore environmen‐ tally benign and economically viable renewable energy and fuels. As potential solution to reduce fossil-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from gasoline-run automobiles, addi‐ tion of biomass-derived oxygenates was proposed. Bioethanol has been considered, howev‐ er, ether oxygenates such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (hereby referred to as ETBE), has gained popularity over ethanol (EtOH) due to its superior properties which blend well with gaso‐ line [1]. ETBE also outranks MTBE as an octane enhancer due to its low blending Reid vapor pressure. Moreover, ETBE is a better option because it is derived from EtOH which can be obtained from biomass. ETBE is produced from the reaction of isobutene (IB) and EtOH, however, the current supply of IB, which is mostly derived from non-renewable crude oil, may not be sufficient to cope up with the expected high demand in the future. For this rea‐ son, alternative routes for its synthesis are also currently being explored. tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), which can also be derived from biomass can be employed instead of IB [2]. Research for the development of efficient and energy-saving methods for the production of these gas‐ oline oxygenates had gained significant momentum over the past few years. The application of microwave technology was proposed for the synthesis of the above mentioned gasoline oxygenate.
Prion Disease and the Innate Immune System

Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a unique category of infectious protein-misfolding neurodegenerative disorders. Hypothesized to be caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein these disorders possess an infectious quality that thrives in immune-competent hosts. While much has been discovered about the routing and critical components involved in the peripheral pathogenesis of these agents there are still many aspects to be discovered. Research into this area has been extensive as it represents a major target for therapeutic intervention within this group of diseases. The main focus of pathological damage in these diseases occurs within the central nervous system. Cells of the innate immune system have been proven to be critical players in the initial pathogenesis of prion disease, and may have a role in the pathological progression of disease. Understanding how prions interact with the host innate immune system may provide us with natural pathways and mechanisms to combat these diseases prior to their neuroinvasive stage. We present here a review of the current knowledge regarding the role of the innate immune system in prion pathogenesis.