Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching trajectories by locations: an efficiency study

Trajectory search has long been an attractive and challenging topic which blooms various interesting applications in spatial-temporal databases. In this work, we study a new problem of searching trajectories by locations, in which context the query is only a small set of locations with or without an order specified, while the target is to find the k Best-Connected Trajectories (k-BCT) from a database such that the k-BCT best connect the designated locations geographically. Different from the conventional trajectory search that looks for similar trajectories w.r. t. shape or other criteria by using a sample query trajectory, we focus on the goodness of connection provided by a trajectory to the specified query locations. This new query can benefit users in many novel applications such as trip planning. In our work, we firstly define a new similarity function for measuring how well a trajectory connects the query locations, with both spatial distance and order constraint being considered. Upon the observation that the number of query locations is normally small (e.g. 10 or less) since it is impractical for a user to input too many locations, we analyze the feasibility of using a general-purpose spatial index to achieve efficient k-BCT search, based on a simple Incremental k-NN based Algorithm (IKNN). The IKNN effectively prunes and refines trajectories by using the devised lower bound and upper bound of similarity. Our contributions mainly lie in adapting the best-first and depth-first k-NN algorithms to the basic IKNN properly, and more importantly ensuring the efficiency in both search effort and memory usage. An in-depth study on the adaption and its efficiency is provided. Further optimization is also presented to accelerate the IKNN algorithm. Finally, we verify the efficiency of the algorithm by extensive experiments.
Volcanic eruptions recorded in the Illimani ice core (Bolivia): 1918–1998 and Tambora periods

Acid layers of volcanic origin detected in polar snow and ice layers are commonly used to document past volcanic activity on a global scale or, conversely, to date polar ice cores. Although most cataclysmic eruptions of the last two centuries (Pinatubo, El Chichon, Agung, Krakatoa, Cosiguina, Tambora, etc.) occurred in the tropics, cold tropical glaciers have not been used for the reconstruction of past volcanism. The glaciochemical study of a 137 m ice core drilled in 1999 close to the summit of Nevado Illimani (Eastern Bolivian Andes, 16°37' S, 67°46' W, 6350 m asl) demonstrates, for the first time, that such eruptions are recorded by both their tropospheric and stratospheric deposits. An 80-year ice sequence (1918-1998) and the Tambora years have been analyzed in detail. In several cases, ash, chloride and fluoride were also detected. The ice records of the Pinatubo (1991), Agung (1963) and Tambora (1815) eruptions are discussed in detail. The potential impact of less important regional eruptions is discussed.
On Fuzzy Subgroups of Finite Abelian Groups

In this paper,we determine the number of fuzzy subgroups of finite abelian group G = Zp1 × Zp2 × · ·· ×Zpn , where p1,p2,. ,pn are all distinct primes. We have used the equivalence relation on the fuzzy subgroups of any group G defined by Sulaiman and Abdul Ghafur [3]in order to determine all fuzzy subgroups of the above mentioned group. We also determined the number of fuzzy subgroups of abelian group G = Zpn × Zq under the same equivalence relation.
Translation for Manycore Systems

One of the many challenges of designing efficient manycore systems is to determine where and to what degree shared information is cached locally. In this study we specifically address efficient solutions for distributing virtual-to-physical address translations and keeping them coherent throughout a chip multiprocessor system with hundreds of cores. We evaluate multiple mechanisms in terms of their performance and overhead with the aid of software simulation. Since TLB information is invalidated rarely, we find that the mechanisms with a fast common case performed much better, and that TLB reload overhead (and not communication) was a significant factor in the performance of many benchmarks.
Factors Affecting Public Prejudice and Social Distance on Mental Illness: Analysis of Contextual Effect by Multi-level Analysis

Objectives While there have been many quantitative studies on the public's attitude towards mental illnesses, it is hard to find quantitative study which focused on the contextual effect on the public's attitude. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the public's beliefs and attitudes including contextual effects. Methods We analyzed survey on the public's beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness in Korea with multi-level analysis. We analyzed the public's beliefs and attitudes in terms of prejudice as an intermediate outcome and social distance as a final outcome. Then, we focused on the associations of factors, which were individual and regional socio-economic factors, familiarity, and knowledge based on the comparison of the intermediate and final outcomes. Results Prejudice was not explained by regional variables but was only correlated with individual factors. Prejudice increased with age and decreased by high education level. However, social distance controlling for prejudice increased in females, in people with a high education level, and in regions with a high education level and a high proportion of the old. Therefore, social distance without controlling for prejudice increased in females, in the elderly, in highly educated people, and in regions with a high education and aged community. Conclusions The result of the multi-level analysis for the regional variables suggests that social distance for mental illness are not only determined by individual factors but also influenced by the surroundings so that it could be tackled sufficiently with appropriate considering of the relevant regional context with individual characteristics.
Exact line search method for solving nonsymmetric algebraic riccati equations arising from open-loop linear quadratic differential games

We consider a set of coupled algebraic Riccati equations arising from non-cooperative open-loop linear quadratic differential games for infinite-planning horizon and two-player case. Such coupled algebraic Riccati equations can be rewritten as a non-symmetric algebraic Riccati equation. In this paper, we will discuss exact line search method for solving nonsymmetric algebraic Riccati equations. This method is a modification of Newton's method. We give numerical examples and compare the results with Newton's method and fixed point iteration to show the effectiveness of exact line search method in a special case.
Electronic band structure modeling in strained Si-nanowires: Two band k · p versus tight binding

The subband structure of silicon nanowires has gained much interest recently. Nanowires with diameters below 10 nm are predicted to have a significantly altered subband structure compared with bulk silicon. The effective mass approximation fails to describe these alterings correctly, and so far the semiempirical tight binding method and first principles calculations were used to investigate them. In this paper we present an approach based on a two band k · p description of the conduction band minima. The method excels in simplicity of modeling and versatility including the ability to model strain effects on the subband structure.
Vortex Strings and Four-dimensional Gauge Dynamics

We study the low-energy quantum dynamics of vortex strings in the Higgs phase of N = 2 supersymmetric QCD. The exact BPS spectrum of the stretched string is shown to coincide with the BPS spectrum of the four-dimensional gauge theory. Perturbative string excitations correspond to quarks while the monopoles appear as kinks on the vortex string. This provides a physical explanation for an observation by N. Dorey relating the quantum spectra of theories in two and four dimensions.
Semantic similarity in heterogeneous ontologies

Recent extensive usage of ontologies as knowledge bases that enable rigorous representation and reasoning over heterogenous data poses certain challenges in their construction and maintenance. Many of these ontologies are incomplete, containing many dense sub-ontologies. A need arises for a measure that would help calculate the similarity between the concepts in these kinds of ontologies. In this work, we introduce a new similarity measure for ontological concepts that takes these issues into account. It is based on conceptual specificity, which measures how much a certain concept is relevant in a given context, and on conceptual distance, which introduces different edge lengths in the ontology graph. We also address the problem of computing similarity between concepts in the presence of implicit classes in ontologies. The evaluation of our approach shows an improvement over Leacock and Chodorow's distance based measure. Finally, we provide two application domains which can benefit when this similarity measure is used.
AN EFFICIENT ROBUST IMAGE WATERMARKING BASED ON AC PREDICTION TECHNIQUE USING DCT TECHNIQUE

The expansion of technology has made several simple ways to manipulate the original content. This has brought the concern for security of the content which is easily available in open network. Digital watermarking is the most suitable solution for the defined issue. Digital watermarking is the art of inserting the logo into multimedia object to have proof of ownership whenever it is required. The proposed algorithm is useful in authorized distribution and ownership verification. The algorithm uses the concept of AC prediction using DCT to embed the watermark in the image. The algorithm has excellent robustness against all the attacks and outperforms the similar work with admirable performance in terms of Normalized Correlation (NC), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Tamper Assessment Function (TAF).
Improve the Well-Being of Others Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote To

For voters with ‘social’ preferences, the expected utility of voting is approximately independent of the size of the electorate, suggesting that rational voter turnouts can be substantial even in large elections. Less important elections are predicted to have lower turnout, but a feedback mechanism keeps turnout at a reasonable level under a wide range of conditions. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) to show how, for an individual with both selfish and social preferences, the social preferences will dominate and make it rational for a typical person to vote even in large elections; (2) to show that rational socially motivated voting has a feedback mechanism that stabilizes turnout at reasonable levels (e.g., 50% of the electorate); (3) to link the rational social-utility model of voter turnout with survey findings on socially motivated vote choice.
Loosely Coupled Formulations for Automated Planning: An Integer Programming Perspective

We represent planning as a set of loosely coupled network flow problems, where each network corresponds to one of the state variables in the planning domain. The network nodes correspond to the state variable values and the network arcs correspond to the value transitions. The planning problem is to find a path (a sequence of actions) in each network such that, when merged, they constitute a feasible plan. In this paper we present a number of integer programming formulations that model these loosely coupled networks with varying degrees of flexibility. Since merging may introduce exponentially many ordering constraints we implement a so-called branch-and-cut algorithm, in which these constraints are dynamically generated and added to the formulation when needed. Our results are very promising, they improve upon previous planning as integer programming approaches and lay the foundation for integer programming approaches for cost optimal planning.
Agonist-Specific Coupling of a Cloned Drosophila melanogaster D1-Like Dopamine Receptor to Multiple Second Messenger Pathways by Synthetic Agonists

The mechanism of coupling of a cloned DrosophilaD1-like dopamine receptor, DopR99B, to multiple second messenger systems when expressed in Xenopus oocytes is described. The receptor is coupled directly to the generation of a rapid, transient intracellular Ca2+ signal, monitored as changes in inward current mediated by the oocyte endogenous Ca2+-activated chloride channel, by a pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein-coupled pathway. The more prolonged receptor-mediated changes in adenylyl cyclase activity are generated by an independent G-protein-coupled pathway that is pertussis toxin-sensitive but calcium-independent, and Gβγ-subunits appear to be involved in the transduction of this response. This is the first evidence for the direct coupling of a cloned D1-like dopamine receptor both to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and to the initiation of an intracellular Ca2+ signal. The pharmacological profile of both second messenger effects is identical for a range of naturally occurring catecholamine ligands (dopamine > norepinephrine > epinephrine) and for the blockade of dopamine responses by a range of synthetic antagonists. However, the pharmacological profiles of the two second messenger responses differ for a range of synthetic agonists. Thus, the receptor exhibits agonist-specific coupling to second messenger systems for synthetic agonists. This feature could provide a useful tool in the genetic analysis of the roles of the multiple second messenger pathways activated by this receptor, given the likely involvement of dopamine in the processes of learning and memory in the insect nervous system.
Gender differences in perceptions of arrest laws and factors associated with arrests in domestic violence incidents

Domestic violence severely impacts individuals and society as a whole. The purpose of this research study was to explore the gender differentiation observed in police officers’ percep- tions on mandatory arrest policies and domestic violence incidents, as well as to examine how those perceptions influence the decision to arrest in domestic violence cases. The first research question attempted to identify how officers are guided by arrest policies, specifically, mandatory arrest policies. Secondly, the researchers wanted to examine how officers perceive having to use mandatory arrest policies. Finally, the researchers sought to find out what other factors guide their decisions to make an arrest, as well as the difficulties that may arise during a domestic violence incident. A majority of officers believed that mandatory arrest policies are effective. While most officers believed that mandatory arrest polices were effective, many suggested that they might step outside of policy during certain situations. Factors such as weapon use, child involvement, substance use, injuries, and the scene of the crime were all found to be predictors of arrest in domestic violence situations. Challenges discussed by both male and female officers included difficulty in determining who the perpetrator was and over- coming language barriers in domestic violence incidents. Gender-based differences observed in responses among officers were minimal.
Evaluation of Market Rules Using a Multi-Agent System Method

The California energy crisis in 2000-2001 showed what could happen to an electricity market if it did not go through a comprehensive and rigorous testing before its implementation. Due to the complexity of the market structure, strategic interaction between the participants, and the underlying physics, it is difficult to fully evaluate the implications of potential changes to market rules. This paper presents a flexible and integrative method to assess market designs through agent-based modeling. Realistic simulation scenarios are constructed for evaluation of the proposed PJM-like market power mitigation rules of the California electricity market. Simulation results show that in the absence of market power mitigation, generation company (GENCO) agents facilitated by Q-learning are able to exploit the market flaws and make significantly higher profits relative to the competitive benchmark. The incorporation of PJM-like local market power mitigation rules is shown to be effective in suppressing the exercise of market power.
The seventeen theoretical constructs of information searching and information retrieval

In this article, we identify, compare, and contrast theoretical constructs for the ﬁelds of information searching and information retrieval to emphasize the uniqueness of and synergy between the ﬁelds. Theoretical constructs are the foundational elements that underpin a ﬁeld’s core theories, models, assumptions, methodologies, and evaluation metrics. We provide a framework to compare and contrast the theoretical constructs in the ﬁelds of information searching and information retrieval using intellectual perspective and theoretical orientation . The intellectual perspectives are information searching , information retrieval , and cross-cutting ; and the theoretical orientations are information , people , and technology . Using this framework, we identify 17 signiﬁcant constructs in these ﬁelds contrasting the differences and comparing the similarities. We discuss the impact of the interplay among these constructs for moving research forward within both ﬁelds. Although there is tension between the ﬁelds due to contradictory constructs, an examination shows a trend toward convergence. We discuss the implications for future research within the information searching and information retrieval ﬁelds.
Relationship of Depression, Stress, and Self-Esteem with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Middle-Aged Women

1† Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI), Self-Esteem Scale (SES). The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis found that oral health impact profile (OHIP) was significantly associated with depression (r=−0.560, p<0.001), stress (r=−0.595, p<0.001), self-esteem (r=0.522, p<0.001). The OHIP was explained 39.4% by stress (=−0.362, p<0.001), self-esteem (=0.203, p=0.009) using multiple regression analysis. These results indicate that the intervention program of oral health promotion for community- middle-aged women is needed from now on.
Can Simple Rules Control Development of a Pioneer Vertebrate Neuronal Network Generating Behavior?

How do the pioneer networks in the axial core of the vertebrate nervous system first develop? Fundamental to understanding any full-scale neuronal network is knowledge of the constituent neurons, their properties, synaptic interconnections, and normal activity. Our novel strategy uses basic developmental rules to generate model networks that retain individual neuron and synapse resolution and are capable of reproducing correct, whole animal responses. We apply our developmental strategy to young Xenopus tadpoles, whose brainstem and spinal cord share a core vertebrate plan, but at a tractable complexity. Following detailed anatomical and physiological measurements to complete a descriptive library of each type of spinal neuron, we build models of their axon growth controlled by simple chemical gradients and physical barriers. By adding dendrites and allowing probabilistic formation of synaptic connections, we reconstruct network connectivity among up to 2000 neurons. When the resulting “network” is populated by model neurons and synapses, with properties based on physiology, it can respond to sensory stimulation by mimicking tadpole swimming behavior. This functioning model represents the most complete reconstruction of a vertebrate neuronal network that can reproduce the complex, rhythmic behavior of a whole animal. The findings validate our novel developmental strategy for generating realistic networks with individual neuron- and synapse-level resolution. We use it to demonstrate how early functional neuronal connectivity and behavior may in life result from simple developmental “rules,” which lay out a scaffold for the vertebrate CNS without specific neuron-to-neuron recognition.
Association of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples

The influence of different infectious agents and their association with human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis have not been completely elucidated. This study describes the association between cytological changes in cervical epithelium and the detection of the most relevant aetiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Samples collected from 169 patients were evaluated by conventional cytology followed by molecular analysis to detect HPV DNA, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2,Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, andTreponema pallidum, besides genotyping for most common high-risk HPV. An association between cytological lesions and different behavioural habits such as smoking and sedentariness was observed. Intraepithelial lesions were also associated with HPV and C. trachomatis detection. An association was also found between both simple and multiple genotype infection and cytological changes. The investigation of HPV and C. trachomatisproved its importance and may be considered in the future for including in screening programs, since these factors are linked to the early diagnosis of patients with precursor lesions of cervical cancer.
Visualising Evolutionary Search Spaces

EDITORIAL Editorial G ECCO-2014 was great as usual and Vancouver was an amazing venue. Great hotel, excellent nearby restaurants. And what about the weather huh? Sunny, clear sky, hot but not too hot. In other words, perfect. Dirk Arnold, Christian Igel, and their team did an amazing job. They surely raised the bar for the next GECCO organizers! Before leaving for vacation, I am very happy to bring you the first issue of the new volume. As I anticipated during the SIGEVO meeting, the newsletter is four issues behind but we will try to catch up by April 2015 which would put us right on schedule. But to succeed we need your help. So, if you have EC applications that you wish to showcase to a broader audience, if you just published new Master or PhD theses, if you want to let our community know how your workshop or your conference turned out, if you have new EC software available, if you have a lab (like BEACON) that you wish to advertise, just drop me an email. In this issue we have a new article by James McDermott about an approach to visualize evolution and an article by the winners of the Virtual Creatures Competition, Nick Cheney, Robert MacCurdy, Jeff Clune and Hod Lipson, who — as you may guess — provided the images for the nice cover. The issue continues with the presentation of the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action and William Raffe's new PhD thesis. At the end, the usual rich list of forthcoming events. U nderstanding the structure of search spaces can help us to design better search algorithms, and it is natural to try to understand search spaces by visualising them. For typical evolutionary search spaces, like the space of genetic programming trees, visualising them directly is impossible, because of their large dimensionality. However, we can use the idea of distances on search spaces to project them into two dimensions, expose their structure, and obtain useful and attractive visualisations.