Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Extreme Degree of Difficulty: The Educational Demographics of Urban Neighborhood High Schools

Despite the growth of a variety of alternatives to the neighborhood high school, most students in big-city school systems still attend large comprehensive high schools that serve a particular residential area. The authors contend that the extreme concentration of educational need at these schools is often overlooked by policymakers, school reform programs, and even district personnel. To illustrate the challenges facing neighborhood high schools, this article examines key academic characteristics of 9th-graders in Philadelphia during the 1999-2000 school year. The authors find that a large percentage of 9th graders at neighborhood high schools have been 9th graders for 2 or more years. Many of the 1st-time 9th graders either are over-age, are 2 or more years below grade level in reading and math, or had weak attendance in 8th grade. These data suggest that large and sustained investments of human and financial capital are desperately needed in the many neighborhood schools that serve primarily, and often almost exclusively, students with multiple risk factors for academic failure.
THE JOURNALIST IS MARKETING THE NEWS

This study, based on case studies of three online newsrooms, seeks to understand the patterns of how journalists use social media in their news work. Through 150 hours of observations and interviews with 31 journalists, the study found that journalists are normalizing social media while also reworking some of their norms and routines around it, a process of journalistic negotiation. They are balancing editorial autonomy and the other norms that have institutionalized journalism, on one hand, and the increasing influence exerted by the audience—perceived to be the key for journalism's survival—on the other. In doing so, journalists are also seeing a reworking of their traditional gatekeeping role, finding themselves having to also market the news.
PERBEDAAN ADAPTABILITAS KARIR DITINJAU DARI JENIS SEKOLAH (SMA DAN SMK)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan adaptabilitas karir ditinjau dari jenis sekolah.Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa yang bersekolah di SMA Muhamadiyah 3 Yogyakarta dan SMK Muhamadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif.Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Skala Adaptabilitas Karir . Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah model analisis uji-t. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Keseluruhan komputasi data penelitian dihitung menggunakan program SPSS 16.0 for windows. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diketahui bahwa nilai t= -5,491 dengan p= 0,000 (p<0,01) yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan adaptabilitas karir pada siswa SMA dan SMK. Mean adaptabilitas Karir siswa SMA 116,5 lebih rendah dibandingkan mean dari siswa SMK 127,3. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan dalam adaptabilitas karir yang sangat signifikan antara siswa SMA dan siswa SMK.Siswa yang bersekolah di SMK memiliki adaptabilitas karir yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan adaptabilitas karir siswa yang bersekolah di SMA. Kata Kunci : adaptabilitas karir, jenis sekolah
Development of a Speech‐Based Augmented Reality System to Support Exploration of Cityscape

When people explore new environments they often use landmarks as reference points to help navigate and orientate themselves. This research paper examines how spatial datasets can be used to build a system for use in an urban environment which functions as a city guide, announcing Features of Interest (FoI) as they become visible to the user (not just proximal), as the user moves freely around the city. Visibility calculations for the FoIs were pre‐calculated based on a digital surface model derived from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. The results were stored in a text‐based relational database management system (RDBMS) for rapid retrieval. All interaction between the user and the system was via a speech‐based interface, allowing the user to record and request further information on any of the announced FoI. A prototype system, called Edinburgh Augmented Reality System (EARS), was designed, implemented and field tested in order to assess the effectiveness of these ideas. The application proved to be an innovative, ‘non‐invasive’ approach to augmenting the user's reality.
Skin tone, hostility, and blood pressure in young normotensive African Americans.

Several studies have found a positive relationship between darkness of skin tone and blood pressure in African Americans. This has raised speculation about the relative contributions of genetic and/or psychosocial factors in the mediation of this relationship. Using a laboratory stress protocol, we performed cardiovascular reactivity testing with 42 male and 40 female African-American college students after pre-testing them on measures of hostility using four psychometric scales derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Skin tone measures were obtained with a reflectance spectrophotometer. In the combined sample of males and females, we found a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between darker skin tone and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03). However, males were significantly darker than females (p = .005) suggesting that the skin tone and blood pressure relationship is an artifact of gender. No differences in patterns of cardiovascular habituation or levels of hostility were found between dark and light subjects. Discussion of these results focuses on the weak statistical relationship found in this and other studies and the specificity of previous findings based on educational and socioeconomic factors.
Prescribing Scalar Curvature on Sn and Related Problems , Part 11 : Existence and Compactness YANYAN

This is a sequel to [30], which studies the prescribing scalar curvature problem on S". First we present some existence and compactness results for n = 4. The existence result extends that of Bahri and Coron [4], Benayed, Chen, Chtioui, and Hammami [6], and Zhang [39]. The compactness results are new and optimal. In addition, we give a counting formula of all solutions. This counting formula, together with the compactness results, completely describes when and where blowups occur. It follows from our results that solutions to the problem may have multiple blowup points. This phenomena is new and very different from the lower-dimensional cases n = 2,3. Next we study the problem for n 2 3. Some existence and compactness results have been given in [30] when the order of flatness at critical points of the prescribed scalar curvature functions K(x) is p E (n-2,n). The key point there is that for the class of K mentioned above we have completed Lm apriori estimates for solutions of the prescribing scalar curvature problem. Here we demonstrate that when the order of flatness at critical points of K(x) is = n-2, the L" estimates for solutions fail in general. In fact, two or more blowup points occur. On the other hand, we provide some existence and compactness results when the order of flatness at critical points of K (x) is p E [n-2,n). With this result, we can easily deduce that C" scalar curvature functions are dense in CIa (0 < a < 1) norm among positive functions, although this is generally not true in the C2 norm. We also give a simpler proof to a Sobolev-Aubin-type inequality established in [ 161.
Transcranial doppler sonography diagnostic value for the cerebral flow velocity changes in the interictal phase of classic migraine.

BACKGROUND An imbalance of the cerebrovascular response during functional activation of the brain has been postulated as a factor in the pathophysiology of migraine. The purpose of this study was to determine the transcranial doppler sonography (TDS) diagnostic value for the cerebral flow velocity changes in the interictal phase of classic migraine. METHODS This study was carried out on 46 patients (23 cases and 23 controls). We used Doppler instrument via trans-temporal window and detected middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery by 2 MHz probe. The flow velocity in the posterior cerebral artery before, during and immediately after stimulation was recorded. Stimulation was done using a flickering light in 100 seconds. RESULTS At the baseline, the middle cerebral artery had more peak systolic velocity in migraineurs than the control group. Although peak systolic velocity changes in the mid-photic period is not statistically significant. On the other hand, post-photic peak systolic velocity increased significantly. The diagnostic accuracy of the peak systolic volume (PSV) changes in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) for the migraine was 72.3%. CONCLUSION This stimulation we found altered cerebral vasomotor reactivity in the interictal phase in migraineurs with visual aura. This seemed to be an unavoidable hindrance for the wider implementation of functional TCD in diagnostic work up of migraine patients.
From Beginner to Graduate Social Worker: Preliminary Findings of an Australian Longitudinal Study

A central issue for social work educators is to delineate the process of how social work students become competent practitioners. Previous literature has tended to concentrate on value and attitudinal change as a result of education. The authors are currently engaged in a five-year longitudinal study of a cohort of 39 Victorian social workers which explores this issue, as well as the changes in knowledge, skills and theory use. The study also explored whether the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition was applicable in social work. This paper describes the study and its preliminary findings at mid-point in the study with respondents having completed two years of social work education and now practising as social workers. Participants have been interviewed twice yearly and data consists of participants' descriptions of critical incidents from their course experience and responses to case vignettes. After content analysis, preliminary findings indicate that some stages similar to the Dreyfus model, can be identified. Particular themes emerged including a predominantly individualizing approach to problems, a reluctance to deal with men and situations involving conflict and a disillusionment about the nature of social work. Some implications of these findings, including competency-based education, are discussed.
A General Algorithm for Deciding Transportability of Experimental Results

Abstract Generalizing empirical findings to new environments, settings, or populations is essential in most scientific explorations. This article treats a particular problem of generalizability, called “transportability”, defined as a license to transfer information learned in experimental studies to a different population, on which only observational studies can be conducted. Given a set of assumptions concerning commonalities and differences between the two populations, Pearl and Bareinboim [1] derived sufficient conditions that permit such transfer to take place. This article summarizes their findings and supplements them with an effective procedure for deciding when and how transportability is feasible. It establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for deciding when causal effects in the target population are estimable from both the statistical information available and the causal information transferred from the experiments. The article further provides a complete algorithm for computing the transport formula, that is, a way of combining observational and experimental information to synthesize bias-free estimate of the desired causal relation. Finally, the article examines the differences between transportability and other variants of generalizability.
Photodissociation of the HeH+ molecular ion

The photodissociation cross section of the molecular ion HeH+ was calculated within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation for a parallel, a perpendicular and an isotropic orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the field, considering also different initial vibrational and rotational states. The results were compared to recent data from a free-electron laser experiment performed at the FLASH facility by Pedersen et al(2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 223202). Within the experimental uncertainties theoretical and experimental results are compatible with each other.
Genome-wide association study and genetic diversity analysis on nitrogen use efficiency in a Central European winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collection

To satisfy future demands, the increase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is inevitable. Simultaneously, maintaining high crop productivity and efficient use of nutrients, especially nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), are essential for sustainable agriculture. NUE and its components are inherently complex and highly influenced by environmental factors, nitrogen management practices and genotypic variation. Therefore, a better understanding of their genetic basis and regulation is fundamental. To investigate NUE-related traits and their genetic and environmental regulation, field trials were evaluated in a Central European wheat collection of 93 cultivars at two nitrogen input levels across three seasons. This elite germplasm collection was genotyped on DArTseq® genotypic platform to identify loci affecting N-related complex agronomic traits. To conduct robust genome-wide association mapping, the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium were examined. Population structure was investigated by various methods and two subpopulations were identified. Their separation is based on the breeding history of the cultivars, while analysis of linkage disequilibrium suggested that selective pressures had acted on genomic regions bearing loci with remarkable agronomic importance. Besides NUE, genetic basis for variation in agronomic traits indirectly affecting NUE and its components, moreover genetic loci underlying response to nitrogen fertilisation were also determined. Altogether, 183 marker-trait associations (MTA) were identified spreading over almost the entire genome. We found that most of the MTAs were environmental-dependent. The present study identified several associated markers in those genomic regions where previous reports had found genes or quantitative trait loci influencing the same traits, while most of the MTAs revealed new genomic regions. Our data provides an overview of the allele composition of bread wheat varieties anchored to DArTseq® markers, which will facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis of NUE and agronomically important traits.
[[Hypnosedation, a new method of anesthesia for cervical endocrine surgery. Prospective randomized study].

UNLABELLED Retrospective studies have confirmed the feasibility and safety of thyroid and parathyroid procedures performed under hypnoanesthesia (hypnosis, local anesthesia and minimal conscious sedation) as sole method of anesthesia. This very effective technique seems to provide physiological, psychological and economic benefits for the patient. STUDY AIM To assess, by means of a prospective randomized study, the advantages of hypnosedation as an alternative to general anesthesia in terms of clinical and laboratory parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients operated under hypnoanesthesia were compared to 20 patients operated under conventional anesthesia. The two groups were compared in terms of inflammatory, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic and immunologic parameters and postoperative course (pain, fatigue, muscle strength and stress). RESULTS No clinical or demographic differences were observed between the two groups. Operative times, bleeding, weight of specimens, and surgical comfort were similar. Significant differences in terms of inflammatory response and hemodynamic parameters were observed in favor of hypnoanesthesia. Neuroendocrine and immunological parameters were similar. Patients of the hypnoanesthesia group had significantly less postoperative pain. Postoperative fatigue syndrome and convalescence were significantly improved in these patients. CONCLUSION This study confirms that, in our hands, hypnosedation presents real advantages over general anesthesia, in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.
Central corneal thickness and its relationship to myopia in Chinese adults

Aim: To investigate the association between central corneal thickness (CCT) and the degree of myopia among Chinese. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 714 consecutive patients were recruited from a refractive surgery clinic. CCT was measured in both eyes of each patient using the Orbscan (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, New York, USA), and data of the right eye were selected for analysis. CCT was correlated with the degree of myopia in dioptres (D) using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Dunnett’s t test with multiple comparisons. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 59 years. The mean CCT was 534.5 μm, with a standard deviation (SD) of 38.1 (range 305–684) μm. The mean (SD) myopic spherical equivalent was 5.30 (2.74) D, range −17.5–−0.625 D. No correlation was found between CCT and the degree of myopia (r = −0.13, p = 0.719). Conclusions: Among Chinese with myopia, CCT was distributed over a large range but did not correlate with the degree of myopia.
Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression and distribution of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met proteins in normal nasal mucosa and in nasal polyps and to evaluate the possible effects of HGF and c-Met on the development of nasal polyps. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary academic institution. PATIENTS Normal inferior turbinate mucosa was obtained from 20 patients undergoing surgery for augmentation rhinoplasty. Nasal polyps were obtained from 20 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic polypoid sinusitis. INTERVENTIONS Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The expression and distribution of HGF and c-Met were analyzed. RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, moderate to high levels of HGF were mainly localized in submucosal glands of nasal polyps, while c-Met was detected in submucosal glands and in epithelial cells. In normal turbinate mucosa, immunopositive HGF was detected in submucosal glands, where faint staining was found, while c-Met was noted in epithelial cells and in submucosal glands. Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that HGF expression was increased in nasal polyps compared with that in normal turbinate mucosa. The same result was observed for c-Met. CONCLUSION Elevated c-Met expression in combination with expression of HGF in nasal polyps may enhance the proliferation of epithelial cells and submucosal glandular cells through the release of HGF, which activates c-Met receptors in nasal polyps.
Spike Resonance Properties in Hippocampal O-LM Cells Are Dependent on Refractory Dynamics

During a wide variety of behaviors, hippocampal field potentials show significant power in the theta (4–12 Hz) frequency range and individual neurons commonly phase-lock with the 4–12 Hz field potential. The underlying cellular and network mechanisms that generate the theta rhythm, however, are poorly understood. Oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) interneurons have been implicated as crucial contributors to generating theta in local hippocampal circuits because of their unique axonal projections, slow synaptic kinetics and the fact that spikes are phase-locked to theta field potentials in vivo. We performed experiments in brain slice preparations from Long–Evans rats to investigate the ability of O-LM cells to generate phase-locked spike output in response to artificial synaptic inputs. We find that O-LM cells do not respond with any preference in spike output at theta frequencies when injected with broadband artificial synaptic inputs. However, when presented with frequency-modulated inputs, O-LM spike output shows the ability to phase-lock well to theta-modulated inputs, despite their strong low-pass profiles of subthreshold membrane impedance. This result was dependent on spike refractory dynamics and could be controlled by real-time manipulation of the postspike afterhyperpolarization. Finally, we show that the ability of O-LM cells to phase-lock well to theta-rich inputs is independent of the h-current, a membrane mechanism often implicated in the generation of theta frequency activity.
The Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA-LP Protein Preferentially Coactivates EBNA2-Mediated Stimulation of Latent Membrane Proteins Expressed from the Viral Divergent Promoter

ABSTRACT The mechanistic contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA-LP protein to B-cell immortalization remains an enigma. However, previous studies have indicated that EBNA-LP may contribute to immortalization by enhancing EBNA2-mediated transcriptional activation of the LMP-1 gene. To gain further insight into the potential role EBNA-LP has in EBV-mediated B-cell immortalization, we asked whether it is a global or gene-specific coactivator of EBNA2 and whether coactivation requires interaction between these proteins. In type I Burkitt's lymphoma cells, we found that EBNA-LP strongly coactivated EBNA2 stimulation of LMP-1 and LMP2B RNAs, which are expressed from the viral divergent promoter. Surprisingly, the viral LMP2A gene and cellular CD21 and Hes-1 genes were induced by EBNA2 but showed no further induction after EBNA-LP coexpression. We also found that EBNA-LP did not stably interact with EBNA2 in coimmunoprecipitation assays, even though the conditions were adequate to observe specific interactions between EBNA2 and its cellular cofactor, CBF1. Colocalization between EBNA2 and EBNA-LP was not detectable in EBV-transformed cell lines or transfected type I Burkitt's cells. Finally, no significant interactions between EBNA2 and EBNA-LP were found with mammalian two-hybrid assays. From this data, we conclude that EBNA-LP is not a global coactivator of EBNA2 targets, but it preferentially coactivates EBNA2 stimulation of the viral divergent promoter. While this may require specific transient interactions between these proteins that only occur in the context of the divergent promoter, our data strongly suggest that EBNA-LP also cooperates with EBNA2 through mechanisms that do not require direct or indirect complex formation between these proteins.