Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Draft Why are Chinese Homeownership Rates so High ? Assimilation , Ethnic Concentration , and Nativity

Traditional assimilation theory suggests immigrant adaptation into society as a function of catching up to the status of the host society. Recent Chinese immigrants, rather than climbing socioeconomic ladders over time, may have achieved a socioeconomic status comparable to that of native-born whites soon after arrival, as measured by their homeownership rates (Painter et al, forthcoming). The characteristics of Chinese communities in this analysis more closely fit the description of ethnic communities described in Alba et al (2002) than ethnic enclaves Borjas (2000). Chinese homeownership rates adjusted by socioeconomic and housing market characteristics are on average 18 percentage points higher than those of native white households. The results of this study find that none of this gap can be explained by the English proficiency of households. On the other hand, the cultural influence of homeowning peers may have partially contributed to the higher homeownership of Chinese households. Finally, we find that there is great diversity among Chinese subgroups with respect to their likelihood of owning a home, but very little diversity with respect to the education and income level of Chinese households. * Associate Professor, Doctoral Candidate, and Doctoral Candidate, respectively, in the School of Policy, Planning, and Development. Contact author: Gary Painter, gpainter@usc.edu, 213 740 8754. The authors thank the Lusk Center for Real Estate for providing funding for this project. Zhou Yu appreciates the financial support of the HUD Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant.
Probability Inequalities for Kernel Embeddings in Sampling without Replacement

The kernel embedding of distributions is a popular machine learning technique to manipulate probability distributions and is an integral part of numerous applications. Its empirical counterpart is an estimate from a finite set of samples from the distribution under consideration. However, for large-scale learning problems the empirical kernel embedding becomes infeasible to compute and approximate, constant time solutions are necessary. One can use a random subset of smaller size as a proxy for the exhaustive set of samples to calculate the empirical kernel embedding which is known as sampling without replacement. In this work we generalize the results of Serfling (1974) to quantify the difference between the full empirical kernel embedding and the one estimated from random subsets. Furthermore, we derive probability inequalities for Banach space valued martingales in the setting of sampling without replacement.
Shedding New Light on the 18th Dynasty Mummies of the Royal Architect Kha and His Spouse Merit

The mummies of Kha and his wife Merit were found intact in an undisturbed tomb in western Thebes near the ancient workers’ village of Deir el-Medina. Previous MDCT (this abbreviation needs spelling out) investigations showed that the bodies of Kha and Merit did not undergo classical royal 18th Dynasty artificial mummification, which included removal of the internal organs. It was, therefore, concluded that the retention of the viscera in the body, combined with an absence of canopic jars in the burial chamber, meant the couple underwent a short and shoddy funerary procedure, despite their relative wealth at death. Nevertheless, all internal organs - brain, ocular bulbs/ocular nerves, thoracic and abdominal organs - showed a very good state of preservation, which contradicts the previous interpretation above. In order to better understand the type of mummification used to embalm these bodies, both wrapped mummies were reinvestigated using new generation X-ray imaging and chemical microanalyses Here we provide evidence that both individuals underwent a relatively high quality of mummification, fundamentally contradicting previous understanding. Elucidated “recipes”, whose components had anti-bacterial and anti-insecticidal properties, were used to treat their bodies. The time and effort undoubtedly employed to embalm both Kha and Merit and the use of imported costly resins, notably Pistacia, do not support the previously held view that the two individuals were poorly mummified. Despite a lack of evisceration, the approach clearly allowed their in situ preservation as well as affording a fairly successful mummification.
The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law

We have reviewed research on the effects of stress on LTP in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and present new findings which provide insight into how the attention and memory-related functions of these structures are influenced by strong emotionality. We have incorporated the stress-LTP findings into our “temporal dynamics” model, which provides a framework for understanding the neurobiological basis of flashbulb and traumatic memories, as well as stress-induced amnesia. An important feature of the model is the idea that endogenous mechanisms of plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala are rapidly activated for a relatively short period of time by a strong emotional learning experience. Following this activational period, both structures undergo a state in which the induction of new plasticity is suppressed, which facilitates the memory consolidation process. We further propose that with the onset of strong emotionality, the hippocampus rapidly shifts from a “configural/cognitive map” mode to a “flashbulb memory” mode, which underlies the long-lasting, but fragmented, nature of traumatic memories. Finally, we have speculated on the significance of stress-LTP interactions in the context of the Yerkes-Dodson Law, a well-cited, but misunderstood, century-old principle which states that the relationship between arousal and behavioral performance can be linear or curvilinear, depending on the difficulty of the task.
A search for clusters at high redshift. III. Candidate Hα emitters and EROs in the PKS 1138-262 proto-cluster at z = 2.16

In this paper we present deep VLT multi wavelength imaging observations of the field around the radio galaxy PKS 1138−262 aimed at detecting and studying a (potential) proto-cluster centered at this radio source. PKS 1138−262 is a massive galaxy at z = 2.16, located in a dense environment as indicated by optical, X-ray and radio observations. We had already found an over-density of Lyα emitting galaxies in this field, consistent with a proto-cluster structure associated with the radio galaxy. In addition, we find 40 candidate Hα emitters that have nominal rest frame equivalent width >25 A within 1.8 Mpc and 2000 km s −1 of the radio galaxy. Furthermore, we find 44 objects with I − K > 4.3. This number of extremely red objects (EROs) is about twice the number found in blank field ERO surveys, suggesting that some EROs in this field are part of the proto-cluster. The density of Hα emitters and extremely red objects increases towards the radio galaxy, indicating a physical association. From comparisons with other K band, ERO, Hα and Lyα surveys, we conclude that PKS 1138−262 is located in a density peak which will evolve into a cluster of galaxies.
Numerical determination of the avalanche exponents of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld model

We consider the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model on a two-dimensional square lattice of lattice sizes up to L=4096. A detailed analysis of the probability distribution of the size, area, duration, and radius of the avalanches will be given. To increase the accuracy of the determination of the avalanche exponents we introduce a new method for analyzing the data which reduces the finite-size effects of the measurements. The exponents of the avalanche distributions differ slightly from previous measurements and estimates obtained from a renormalization group approach.
Science, Innovation, and Social Work

Social work as a human services profession has been distinctive for its inclusion of research as a required element of practice and instrument in instigating reform. At the present time, the relationship of social work to science and a redefinition of social work as a science have reentered our national dialogue with new force. This expansion of perspective has, however, failed to explicitly attend to a closely related intellectual and practical domain, the world of social innovation. Innovation as an end itself, a synonym for progress, has largely been owned by the professions of business, engineering, and the biosciences. This essay presents a discussion of how social work may engage with social innovation and the tensions inherent to such an engagement. A place for social innovation within the recognized domains of scientific investigation and social work is essential. Social work would make a unique contribution to the enhancement of this conception through the weight given to values, social purpose, and context that is endemic to the social work perspective. The result of combining science and social innovation perspectives in the same academic home might be a flowering of new social configurations, networks, organizations, and relationships disciplined by repeated appraisals through the scientific method.
Iterative Methods for a Linearly Perturbed Algebraic Matrix Riccati Equation Arising in Stochastic Control

We start with a discussion of coupled algebraic Riccati equations arising in the study of linear-quadratic optimal control problems for Markov jump linear systems. Under suitable assumptions, this system of equations has a unique positive semidefinite solution, which is the solution of practical interest. The coupled equations can be rewritten as a single linearly perturbed matrix Riccati equation with special structures. We study the linearly perturbed Riccati equation in a more general setting and obtain a class of iterative methods from different splittings of a positive operator involved in the Riccati equation. We prove some special properties of the sequences generated by these methods and determine and compare the convergence rates of these methods. Our results are then applied to the coupled Riccati equations of jump linear systems. We obtain linear convergence of the Lyapunov iteration and the modified Lyapunov iteration, and confirm that the modified Lyapunov iteration indeed has faster convergence than the original Lyapunov iteration.
AN EFFICIENT SOFTWARE DEFECT PREDICTION MODEL USING OPTIMIZED TABU SEARCH BRANCH AND BOUND PROCEDURE

Software fault localization is considered to be one of the most tedious procedures that involves larger amount of time during the debugging of program. With this, there arises an increasing desire for software fault localization to be practiced with minimum amount of human intervention. This resulted with the design of several methods, each of which provides means to address the issues related to software fault localization to be more significant in its own notable and innovative manner. While the automatic structure based fault localization using genetic programming retains the program by avoiding a specific error, but failed to repair new types of bugs and programs. Most of the present software fault localization method overcomes the individual software failures and faults. However, an in-depth insight into the work reveals that, localization does not support several combinations of heuristics faults while performing software component testing. Finally, high automatic fault localization demand led to the proposal and development of software functionality on predicting the faults at an earlier stage with minimal prediction time. To overcome the defect on software fault localization, Tabu Search Fault Localization with Path Branch and Bound procedure on Software Engineering (TSFL-PBB) is proposed in this paper. TSFL-PBB divides the work into two phases. The first phase identifies (i.e.,) search doubtful software programming code which contain bugs (i.e.,) faults using Meta-heuristic Tabu search method. The mathematical operational based optimization checks with the immediate neighbors to handle different combinations of heuristics faults. The second phase of the TSFL-PBB software engineering model develops the Path Branch and Bound procedure. The branch and bound procedure in TSFL-PBB uses the travelling salesperson operation on localizing the faults at a faster prediction rate with higher readability and maintainability of software quality. Experiment is performed on factors such as fault prediction rate, processing time, repair cost.
Judicial authority and emotion work

Emotions are inevitably part of judging and courtroom practice, despite a powerful competing norm of dispassion. The authors first consider the relationship between judicial authority and emotions, including the nature, and implications, of the judicial norm of dispassion. They then examine the role of emotions both within the courtroom and for judicial decision-making. Drawing on empirical research - surveys and court observations - the authors identify judicial attitudes towards, and experiences of, emotions in the everyday work of judicial officers. Finally, the authors explore the nature and role of emotions in the context of sentencing, focusing on sentencing in the lower courts where the management of a judicial officer's own emotions and/or the judicial officer's management of the emotions of other participants appears to be significant.
A Structurally Diverse Heterocyclic Library by Decoration of Oxcarbazepine Scaffold

A library of new heterocyclic systems was synthesized starting from oxcarbazepine (OXC, Trileptal®, 10-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide). The key for these transformations is the α-enolizable ketone present on the [d]-side of our starting material OXC, thus, an in depth investigation of the literature to find heteroannulation reactions for substrates carrying an α-enolizable ketone gave us a boost to discover an excellent derivatization strategy and [3+2], [4+2] and [4+1] approaches were successfully developed. Almost always a pre-functionalization was needed, but also the direct one-pot heterocycle construction was also explored.
HALCON application for shape-based matching

Shape-based matching is mainly emphasized in this paper for actual workpiece applications based HALCON, a new machine vision software. First a measuring ROI, i.e., the region of interest is determined to create a model. Then the matching and locating of the search object is achieved by using affine transform. Experiment result indicates that this method can find objects starting based on a single model image and localize objects with subpixel accuracy.
Susceptibility to neonicotinoids and risk of resistance development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).

BACKGROUND In recent years, outbreaks of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), have occurred more frequently in China. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of N. lugens to neonicotinoids and other insecticides in major rice production areas in China. RESULTS Results indicated that substantial variations in the susceptibility to different insecticides existed in N. lugens. Field populations had developed variable resistance levels to neonicotinoids, with a high resistance level to imidacloprid (RR: 135.3-301.3-fold), a medium resistance level to imidaclothiz (RR: 35-41.2-fold), a low resistance level to thiamethoxam (up to 9.9-fold) and no resistance to dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiacloprid (RR < 3-fold). Further examinations indicated that a field population had developed medium resistance level to fipronil (up to 10.5-fold), and some field populations had evolved a low resistance level to buprofezin. In addition, N. lugens had been able to develop 1424-fold resistance to imidacloprid in the laboratory after the insect was selected with imidacloprid for 26 generations. CONCLUSION Long-term use of imidacloprid in a wide range of rice-growing areas might be associated with high levels of resistance in N. lugens. Therefore, insecticide resistance management strategies must be developed to prevent further increase in resistance.
Radar and vision based data fusion - Advanced filtering techniques for a multi object vehicle tracking system

The robust and reliable detection of objects in the path of a vehicle is an important prerequisite for collision avoidance and collision mitigation systems. In this paper, an ego-motion compensated tracking approach is presented which combines radar observations with the results of a contour-based image processing algorithm. The approach is able to handle all uncertainties of the system in a unified way without analytical linearization by using the Unscented transform. By that, the covariances of the system can be estimated more accurately. The paper describes both the image processing and the state estimation algorithms. Furthermore, results of several practical tests are presented.
VEHICLE-ANIMAL CRASHES: AN INCREASING SAFETY PROBLEM

A study of vehicle-animal crashes was conducted to gain a better understanding of the magnitude and nature of the problem and potential countermeasures. In this study, the trends over time, severity, crash circumstances, and crash rates were examined in order to identify the characteristics of vehicle-animal crashes and determine whether the problem is localized. The results indicate that the vehicle-animal crash problem increased steadily between 1985 and 1991, in both numbers and as a percentage of overall accidents. No single countermeasure is seen able to address the problem. A mix of roadway-, vehicle- and driver-based countermeasures are recommended. Language: en
Body Surface Area and Baseline Blood Pressure Predict Subclinical Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity in Women Treated for Early Breast Cancer

Background and Aims Anthracyclines are highly effective chemotherapeutic agents which may cause long-term cardiac damage (chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity) and heart failure. The pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains incompletely understood and individual susceptibility difficult to predict. We sought clinical features which might contribute to improved risk assessment. Methods Subjects were women with early breast cancer, free of pre-existing cardiac disease. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance before and >12 months after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (>3 months post-Trastuzumab). Variables associated with subclinical cardiotoxicity (defined as a fall in left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥5%) were identified by logistic regression. Results One hundred and sixty-five women (mean age 48.3 years at enrollment) completed the study 21.7 months [IQR 18.0–26.8] after starting chemotherapy. All received anthracyclines (98.8% epirubicin, cumulative dose 400 [300–450] mg/m2); 18% Trastuzumab. Baseline blood pressure was elevated (≥140/90mmHg, mean 147.3/86.1mmHg) in 18 subjects. Thirty-four subjects (20.7%) were identified with subclinical cardiotoxicity, independent predictors of which were the number of anthracycline cycles (odds ratio, OR 1.64 [1.17–2.30] per cycle), blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg (OR 5.36 [1.73–17.61]), body surface area (OR 2.08 [1.36–3.20] per standard deviation (0.16m2) increase), and Trastuzumab therapy (OR 3.35 [1.18–9.51]). The resultant predictive-model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.78 [0.70–0.86]. Conclusions We found subclinical cardiotoxicity to be common even within this low risk cohort. Risk of cardiotoxicity was associated with modestly elevated baseline blood pressure–indicating that close attention should be paid to blood pressure in patients considered for anthracycline based chemotherapy. The association with higher body surface area suggests that indexing of anthracycline doses to surface area may not be appropriate for all, and points to the need for additional research in this area.
Are Judges Street-Level Bureaucrats? Evidence from French and Canadian Family Courts

Although judges were included in the street-level-bureaucracy (SLB) group by Lipsky (1980), sociolegal scholars have barely used this theoretical framework to study them. This article aims to specify their position with respect to SLB in order to bridge the gap between public administration and sociolegal research. Specifically, using a cross-national ethnography of judicial institutions, it compares family trial judges' practice on the ground in France and Canada. General conditions separate them from the core SLB group: encounters with clients are less direct; discretion is more legitimate. However, French judges are far closer to the SLB group than their Canadian counterparts regarding public encounters and case processing. As such, the accuracy of the SLB framework depends on professional and cultural patterns that combine differently in these two national contexts.
SU(3) symmetry breaking in hyperon semileptonic decays

Flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking in hyperon semileptonic decay form factors is analyzed using the 1/N{sub c} expansion. A detailed comparison with experimental data shows that corrections to f{sub 1} are approximately 10{percent}, which agrees with theoretical expectations. Corrections to g{sub 1} are compatible with first-order symmetry breaking. A fit to the experimental data allows one to predict the g{sub 1} form factor for {Xi}{sup 0}{r_arrow}{Sigma}{sup +} decay. The proton matrix element of the T{sup 8} component of the axial vector current [which is equal to 3F{minus}D in the SU(3) symmetry limit] is found to be {approx}0.34{endash}0.46. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The genome and structural proteome of an ocean siphovirus: a new window into the cyanobacterial ‘mobilome’

Prochlorococcus, an abundant phototroph in the oceans, are infected by members of three families of viruses: myo-, podo- and siphoviruses. Genomes of myo- and podoviruses isolated on Prochlorococcus contain DNA replication machinery and virion structural genes homologous to those from coliphages T4 and T7 respectively. They also contain a suite of genes of cyanobacterial origin, most notably photosynthesis genes, which are expressed during infection and appear integral to the evolutionary trajectory of both host and phage. Here we present the first genome of a cyanobacterial siphovirus, P-SS2, which was isolated from Atlantic slope waters using a Prochlorococcus host (MIT9313). The P-SS2 genome is larger than, and considerably divergent from, previously sequenced siphoviruses. It appears most closely related to lambdoid siphoviruses, with which it shares 13 functional homologues. The ∼108 kb P-SS2 genome encodes 131 predicted proteins and notably lacks photosynthesis genes which have consistently been found in other marine cyanophage, but does contain 14 other cyanobacterial homologues. While only six structural proteins were identified from the genome sequence, 35 proteins were detected experimentally; these mapped onto capsid and tail structural modules in the genome. P-SS2 is potentially capable of integration into its host as inferred from bioinformatically identified genetic machinery int, bet, exo and a 53 bp attachment site. The host attachment site appears to be a genomic island that is tied to insertion sequence (IS) activity that could facilitate mobility of a gene involved in the nitrogen-stress response. The homologous region and a secondary IS-element hot-spot in Synechococcus RS9917 are further evidence of IS-mediated genome evolution coincident with a probable relic prophage integration event. This siphovirus genome provides a glimpse into the biology of a deep-photic zone phage as well as the ocean cyanobacterial prophage and IS element ‘mobilome’.