Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac adaptation in athletes of black ethnicity: differentiating pathology from physiology

Cardiac adaptation to intense physical exercise is determined by factors including age, gender, body size, sporting discipline and ethnicity. Differentiating physiology from pathological conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is challenging, but relevant, as HCM remains the commonest cause of sudden death in young athletes. Marked electrocardiographic repolarisation changes and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy have been demonstrated in athletes of black ethnicity. Such changes highlight the overlap between ‘athlete's heart’ and morphologically mild HCM with potential for false-positive diagnoses and disqualification from competitive sport. The focus of this article is to provide practical considerations in differentiating physiological adaptation to exercise from cardiac pathology in athletes of black ethnicity.
Do adverse effects of dental materials exist? What are the consequences, and how can they be diagnosed and treated?

OBJECTIVES All dental biomaterials release substances into the oral environment to a varying degree. Various preclinical biocompatibility test systems have been introduced, aiming at an evaluation of the potential risks of dental materials. Potential pathogenic effects of released substances from dental materials have been demonstrated. For the biocompatibility of a biomaterial, it is not only important that minimal diffusable substances are released when it is in body contact--the material must also fulfill the function for which it has been designed. This is also very much dependent on the material properties and its handling properties. The aim of this review was to generate an overview of the present status concerning adverse reactions among patients and personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was performed using a defined search strategy in order to evaluate all MEDLINE-literature published between 1996 and 2006. RESULTS The compilation of the literature available has revealed that the majority of studies have been carried out on patients compared with personnel. Adverse reactions towards dental materials do occur, but the prevalence and incidence are difficult to obtain. The results were essentially based on cohort studies. Clinical trials, especially randomized-controlled trials, are in the minority of all studies investigated, with the exception of composite and bonding studies, where clinical trials, but not randomized-controlled trials, represent the majority of studies. Patients and personnel were treated separately in the manuscript. Amalgam studies show the lowest degree of verified material-related diagnosis. Even if objective symptoms related to adverse reactions with polymer resin-based materials have been reported, postoperative sensitivity dominates reports concerning composites/bondings. Verified occupational effects among dental personnel show a low frequency of allergy/toxic reactions. Irritative hand eczema seemed to be more common than in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Patient- and personnel-related studies are of variable quality and can be improved. There is a need for a better description of the content of materials. A registry for adverse effects of dental materials would be useful to detect the occurrence of low-incidence events.
The eyes test is influenced more by artistic inclination and less by sex

The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test was developed by Baron-Cohen and his co-workers. This test provides them the unique opportunity to evaluate social cognition assessing the ability to recognize the mental state of others using only the expressions around the eyes. In healthy populations, however, it has produced conflicting results, particularly regarding sex differences and number of items to use. In this study we performed two studies: The first one investigated the presence of gender effects and the sensitivity of test stimuli; the second one considered other individual factors (i.e., artistic attitude, social empathy and personality traits) that could influence the ability to understand emotions from gaze. Our results demonstrated a sex effect, which can be more or less attenuated by the nature of the stimuli. This could be as aforementioned the result of the following, empathy or artistic attitude in being proficient in understanding the mental states of others.
Can the Major Public Works Policy Buffer Negative Shocks in Early Childhood? Evidence from Andhra Pradesh, India

The study examines the role of the largest public works program in the world—the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)—in buffering the negative effects of early childhood exposure to rainfall shocks on long-term health outcomes. Exploiting the spatial and temporal variation in NREGS coverage, the study estimates the extent to which nutritional shocks in early childhood can be offset by access to the program. The study employs a unique identification strategy by integrating detailed administrative records of drought shock and phased rollout information of NREGS with household-level panel data—the Young Lives survey—conducted over three waves (2002, 2007, and 2009–10) in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Using individual fixed effects estimation, the study finds that while the policy does not help correct for long-term past health deficiencies it is useful in buffering recent drought shocks, which vary by policy relevant subgroups.
Co-occurrence frequency evaluated with large language corpora boosts semantic priming effects

In recent decades, many computational techniques have been developed to analyse the contextual usage of words in large language corpora. The present study examined whether the co-occurrence frequency obtained from large language corpora might boost purely semantic priming effects. Two experiments were conducted: one with conscious semantic priming, the other with subliminal semantic priming. Both experiments contrasted three semantic priming contexts: an unrelated priming context and two related priming contexts with word pairs that are semantically related and that co-occur either frequently or infrequently. In the conscious priming presentation (166-ms stimulus-onset asynchrony, SOA), a semantic priming effect was recorded in both related priming contexts, which was greater with higher co-occurrence frequency. In the subliminal priming presentation (66-ms SOA), no significant priming effect was shown, regardless of the related priming context. These results show that co-occurrence frequency boosts pure semantic priming effects and are discussed with reference to models of semantic network.
11C-hydroxyephedrine positron emission tomography imaging of pheochromocytoma: a single center experience over 11 years.

CONTEXT Localization of the primary tumor and detection of metastases are essential for preoperative planning and postoperative management of pheochromocytoma. When computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are inadequate, functional imaging adds important information in this respect. OBJECTIVE In this study the efficacy of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT with (11)C-hydroxyephedrine (HED) was evaluated. DESIGN HED-PET (n = 69) and PET/CT (n = 101) examinations of 134 patients were analyzed, of which 103 were performed before surgery and 67 postoperatively. Image findings were evaluated and tracer uptake in tumors measured as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), which was compared with histopathological and clinical data. RESULTS Sixty HED-PET and PET/CT examinations were positive, with no false-positive and six false-negative examinations (sensitivity 91%, specificity 100%). Sensitivity of HED-PET in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II patients was lower (73%) with 100% specificity. The mean SUVmax was significantly higher when sympathetic symptoms were present and in metastases compared with primary tumors. The SUVmax correlated significantly with plasma normetanephrine and urinary norepinephrine. The mean SUVmax in HED-positive primary tumors was significantly higher than in normal adrenal glands. CONCLUSION HED-PET and PET/CT demonstrated 91% sensitivity and maximum specificity but with lower sensitivity in multiple endocrine neoplasia type II patients. The degree of HED accumulation (SUVmax) in the tumors correlated to malignancy and biochemical data.
Inflation Risk Analysis of European Real Estate Securities

The focus of this article is the analysis of the inflation risk of European real estate securities. Following both a causal and a final understanding of risk, the analysis is twofold. First, to examine the causal influence of inflation on short- and long-term asset returns, different regression approaches are employed based on the methodology of Fama and Schwert (1977). Hedging capacities against expected inflation are found only for German open-end funds. Secondly, different shortfall risk measures are used to study whether an investment in European real estate securities protects against a negative real return at the end of a given investment period.
The Influence of Academic Values and Belongingness Concerns on Achievement Goals, Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Stress in First Quarter Freshmen: Relationships to Academic Performance and the Mediating Role of Procrastination

This study assesses the influence of student values on long-term self-regulatory decisions defined in terms of a tendency to procrastinate and how these values, indirectly through procrastination, but also directly, affect important motivational, affective, social and behavioral academic outcomes of first quarter freshmen. Results of a structural equation model showed that a concern over potential social exclusion may significantly increase the likelihood of procrastination, but that academic task and grade values may attenuate this influence. In addition, procrastination tendency assessed early in the first term had a significant direct negative influence on self-efficacy, and school belongingness, and was significantly positively related to perceived stress near the end of the term. There was also a significant negative total effect of procrastination on end of term grade point average. No significant relationship was found between procrastination and the achievement goal orientations (i.e., mastery-approach and performance-approach). Academic and social values had the predicted differential relationships with achievement goal. Specifically, academic task values were positively related to a mastery-approach, but not a performance-approach goal orientation and a concern over social exclusion had a positive relationship with a performance-approach, but not a mastery-approach goal orientation. Finally, as expected, self-efficacy had a significant positive relationship and perceived stress a significant negative relationship with end of term grade point average. An unexpected direct negative relationship and a non-significant total effect were found
Constructing biological networks through combined literature mining and microarray analysis: a LMMA approach

MOTIVATION Network reconstruction of biological entities is very important for understanding biological processes and the organizational principles of biological systems. This work focuses on integrating both the literatures and microarray gene-expression data, and a combined literature mining and microarray analysis (LMMA) approach is developed to construct gene networks of a specific biological system. RESULTS In the LMMA approach, a global network is first constructed using the literature-based co-occurrence method. It is then refined using microarray data through a multivariate selection procedure. An application of LMMA to the angiogenesis is presented. Our result shows that the LMMA-based network is more reliable than the co-occurrence-based network in dealing with multiple levels of KEGG gene, KEGG Orthology and pathway. AVAILABILITY The LMMA program is available upon request.
Ambiguity Tolerance: Adolescents' Responses to Uncertainty in Life. Research Report, September 1996-December 1997.

Adolescents today have to live with incoherence for longer periods than before, and that makes ambiguity tolerance a socially significant personality dimension. Studies of the development of ambiguity tolerance in adolescents are reported. The pilot study, "Adaptation of MAT-50 for Use with Bulgarian Population," involves translation and adaptation of the test for use in Bulgaria. Analysis of the pilot data is discussed. Study 1, "Cross Sectional Analysis of the Development of Ambiguity Tolerance in the Age Interval 15-25 Years," provides insight into the psychometric characteristics of the MAT-50/BG-2 and reports on differences in ambiguity tolerance related to subjects' sex, age, and education. Study 2, "How Ambiguity Tolerant Adolescents Compare with Those Who Are Intolerant of Ambiguity on Different Cognitive and Personality Characteristics," reports on selection of the group of high and low ambiguity tolerant adolescents. Study 3, "How the Attitudes of Teachers and Parents Influence the Development of Ambiguity Tolerance in Adolescents," addresses the differences in ambiguity tolerance related to subjects' sex, age and settlement; differences in AT-AInT values and parents' self-reported AT-AInT encouragement; and relationships between students' ambiguity tolerance and parents' self-reported AInT encouragement. Results and conclusions are discussed with emphasis on the educational implications of ambiguity tolerance. The Parents-Teacher Ambiguity Tolerance Survey is appended. (Contains 23 references and numerous tables and figures.)
Low-Complexity Signal Detection for Large-Scale MIMO in Optical Wireless Communications

Optical wireless communication (OWC) has been a rapidly growing research area in recent years. Applying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), particularly large-scale MIMO, into OWC is very promising to substantially increase spectrum efficiency. However, one challenging problem to realize such an attractive goal is the practical signal detection algorithm for optical MIMO systems, whereby the linear signal detection algorithm like minimum mean square error (MMSE) can achieve satisfying performance but involves complicated matrix inversion of large size. In this paper, we first prove a special property that the filtering matrix of the linear MMSE algorithm is symmetric positive definite for indoor optical MIMO systems. Based on this property, a low-complexity signal detection algorithm based on the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method is proposed to reduce the overall complexity by one order of magnitude with a negligible performance loss. The performance guarantee of the proposed SOR-based algorithm is analyzed from the following three aspects. First, we prove that the SOR-based algorithm is convergent for indoor large-scale optical MIMO systems. Second, we prove that the SOR-based algorithm with the optimal relaxation parameter can achieve a faster convergence rate than the recently proposed Neumann-based algorithm. Finally, a simple quantified relaxation parameter, which is independent of the receiver location and signal-to-noise ratio, is proposed to guarantee the performance of the SOR-based algorithm in practice. Simulation results verify that the proposed SOR-based algorithm can achieve the exact performance of the classical MMSE algorithm with a small number of iterations.
Behavioral Neuroscience

this, Lewis' experiments and arguments went largely unheeded for some 20–30 years, as the consolidation theory remained doggedly in place until Przybyslawski and Sara (1997) and Nader et al. (2000) resurrected Lewis' theory. Nader et al. (2000) showed that a " consolidated " fear memory could be disrupted by the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin if injected just after reactivation of the memory, 24 h following initial learning. Importantly, they showed that if protein synthesis inhibition occurred in the absence of reactivation of the memory, it remained intact. Subsequent to this initial resurrection of Lewis' results, there followed a slew experiments replicating Nader and colleagues basic findings in a wide range of species from nematode (This reinforced the notion that memories were not " fixed " or permanent and when in an active state they were labile and susceptible to disruption by interfering events to a level where the scientific community accepted that this was now a bone fide phenomenon, common across species (see Nader and Einarsson, 2010 for details on supporting experimental data).
A genetic local search algorithm for solving symmetric and asymmetric traveling salesman problems

The combination of local search heuristics and genetic algorithms is a promising approach for finding near-optimum solutions to the traveling salesman problem (TSP). An approach is presented in which local search techniques are used to find local optima in a given TSP search space, and genetic algorithms are used to search the space of local optima in order to find the global optimum. New genetic operators for realizing the proposed approach are described, and the quality and efficiency of the solutions obtained for a set of symmetric and asymmetric TSP instances are discussed. The results indicate that it is possible to arrive at high quality solutions in reasonable time.
Assessment of Population Exposure to Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in the Urban Areas of Chennai, India

Research outcomes from the epidemiological studies have found that the course (PM10) and the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are mainly responsible for various respiratory health effects for humans. The population-weighted exposure assessment is used as a vital decision-making tool to analyze the vulnerable areas where the population is exposed to critical concentrations of pollutants. Systemic sampling was carried out at strategic locations of Chennai to estimate the various concentration levels of particulate pollution during November 2013–January 2014. The concentration of the pollutants was classified based on the World Health Organization interim target (IT) guidelines. Using geospatial information systems the pollution and the high-resolution population data were interpolated to study the extent of the pollutants at the urban scale. The results show that approximately 28% of the population resides in vulnerable locations where the coarse particulate matter exceeds the prescribed standards. Alarmingly, the results of the analysis of fine particulates show that about 94% of the inhabitants live in critical areas where the concentration of the fine particulates exceeds the IT guidelines. Results based on human exposure analysis show the vulnerability is more towards the zones which are surrounded by prominent sources of pollution.
A Tangled Knot of Target Domains: Assessing Intelligence Is Brightness and Goodness Is Brightness in an Image Rating Task

English Abstract: Recent experimental studies have examined Goodness is Brightness and a host of other primary metaphors. However, complex mappings such as Intelligence is Brightness have been largely ignored, nor has there been any attempt to distinguish their effects from those of primary metaphors such as Goodness is Brightness. The current study assesses both the non-primary metaphoric mapping Intelligence is Brightness and the well-documented primary metaphor Goodness is Brightness in a visual priming task. The study finds that a bright background encourages photos of faces to be rated as both more intelligent and well-intentioned, though the background does not significantly affect either attribute alone. This suggests that two metaphors with the same source domain can reinforce each other. The study also underscores the difficulty in assessing a non-primary mapping in isolation from other factors.German Abstract: Bisherige experimentelle Studien haben die Metaphern Gute ist Helligkeit und zahlreiche andere primare Metaphern untersucht. Doch komplexe metaphorische mappings wie Intelligenz ist Helligkeit wurden weitgehend ignoriert. Es gab auch keinen Versuch, die Wirkungen dieser komplexen Metaphern von denen der primaren Metaphern wie Gute ist Helligkeit zu unterscheiden. Die aktuelle Studie beurteilt sowohl das komplexe metaphorische mapping Intelligenz ist Helligkeit und die gut dokumentierte primare Metapher Gute ist Helligkeit in einem visuellen Versuch. Der neuen Studie nach werden Fotos von Gesichtern als intelligenter und wohlmeinender beurteilt, wenn sie einen hellen Hintergrund haben, obwohl der Hintergrund keines dieser Attribute allein wesentlich beeinflusst. Dies suggeriert, dass zwei Metaphern mit dem gleichen Quell-Konzept sich verstarken. Die Studie unterstreicht, wie schwierig es ist, komplexe metaphorische mappings isoliert von anderen Faktoren zu beurteilen.
Face Familiarity Decisions Take 200 msec in the Human Brain: Electrophysiological Evidence from a Go/No-go Speeded Task

Recognizing a familiar face rapidly is a fundamental human brain function. Here we used scalp EEG to determine the minimal time needed to classify a face as personally familiar or unfamiliar. Go (familiar) and no-go (unfamiliar) responses elicited clear differential waveforms from 210 msec onward, this difference being first observed at right occipito-temporal electrode sites. Similar but delayed (by about 40 msec) responses were observed when go response were required to the unfamiliar rather than familiar faces, in a second group of participants. In both groups, a small increase of amplitude was also observed on the right hemisphere N170 face-sensitive component for familiar faces. However, unlike the post-200 msec differential go/no-go effect, this effect was unrelated to behavior and disappeared with repetition of unfamiliar faces. These observations indicate that accumulation of evidence within the first 200 msec poststimulus onset is sufficient for the human brain to decide whether a person is familiar based on his or her face, a time frame that puts strong constraints on the time course of face processing.
Towards Polynomial Simplex-Like Algorithms for Market Equlibria

In this paper we consider the problem of computing market equilibria in the Fisher setting for utility models such as spending constraint and perfect, price-discrimination. These models were inspired from modern e-commerce settings and attempt to bridge the gap between the computationally hard but realistic separable, piecewise-linear and concave utility model and, the tractable but less relevant linear utility case. While there are polynomial time algorithms known for these problems, the question of whether there exist polynomial time Simplex-like algorithms has remained elusive, even for linear markets. Such algorithms are desirable due to their conceptual simplicity, ease of implementation and practicality. This paper takes a significant step towards this goal by presenting the first Simplex-like algorithms for these markets assuming a positive resolution of an algebraic problem of Cucker, Koiran and Smale. Unconditionally, our algorithms are FPTASs; they compute prices and allocations such that each buyer derives at least a 1/1+e-fraction of the utility at a true market equilibrium, and their running times are polynomial in the input length and 1/e. We start with convex programs which capture market equilibria in each setting and, in a systematic way, convert them into linear complementarity problem (LCP) formulations. Then, departing from previous approaches which try to pivot on a single polyhedron associated to the LCP obtained, we carefully construct a polynomial-length sequence of polyhedra, one containing the other, such that starting from an optimal solution to one allows us to obtain an optimal solution to the next in the sequence in a polynomial number of complementary pivot steps. Our framework to convert a convex program into an LCP and then come up with a Simplex-like algorithm that moves on a sequence of connected polyhedra may be of independent interest.