Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Printable Parallel Arrays of Si Nanowire Schottky-Barrier-FETs With Tunable Polarity for Complementary Logic

In this paper, we present a novel technology of printable bottom-up grown Si nanowire parallel arrays for low-dissipation power electronics. Parallel aligned layers of monocrystalline Si nanowires can be deposited on arbitrary substrates over large areas by the printing process. The presented transistors consist of parallel arrays of longitudinal NiSi2-Si-NiSi2 nanowire heterostructures, which naturally show ambipolar transistor behavior when a single gate is employed. By a double gate architecture, a reconfigurable transitor component is created, for which unipolar p- or n-type characteristics can be obtained depending on the polarity of the second gate. Transfer and output characteristics of these transistors on a Si/SiO2 substrate with back gate, top gate, and reconfigurable double gate architecture are presented here in detail. Very high on/off-current ratios of over 108 are achieved with very low off-currents. Due to the high number of nanowires incorporated into individual parallel arrays, output currents of 0.5 mA and a high yield of functional transistors of close to 100% at nanowire coated areas are demonstrated.
Turmeric and black pepper spices decrease lipid peroxidation in meat patties during cooking

Abstract Spices are rich in natural antioxidants and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation during cooking of meat. Turmeric contains unique conjugated curcuminoids with strong antioxidant activity. Piperine, one of the main constituents of black pepper, is known to increase the bioavailability of curcuminoids in mouse and human studies when consumed with turmeric. We investigated whether adding black pepper to turmeric powder may further inhibit lipid peroxidation when added to meat patties prior to cooking. The addition of black pepper to turmeric significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation in hamburger meat. When investigating the antioxidant activity of the main chemical markers, we determined that piperine did not exhibit any antioxidant activity. Therefore, we conclude that other black pepper ingredients are responsible for the increased antioxidant activity of combining black pepper with turmeric powder.
Issue Framing in Conversations for Change

In conversations for change between multiple actors about complex issues, differences in issue framing are bound to emerge. When the participants frame the meaning of an issue in diverging terms, they face the challenge of dealing with this frame difference in the further conversation. The authors draw on literature on framing, dualities, and interaction to explore how participants in conversations deal with these frame differences through language-in-interaction. With discourse and conversation analysis as a methodological approach, the authors analyzed interaction sequences in the context of multi-actor projects of natural resources management. Five interaction strategies that involve different ways of “doing differences” are identified—frame incorporation, frame disconnection, frame polarization, frame accommodation, and frame reconnection. The discursive characteristics of each of these interaction strategies can be understood by considering the multiple interactional challenges faced by participants when they engage in conversations for change.
Underwater 3D reconstruction using BlueView imaging sonar

This paper addresses the problem of 3D scene reconstruction from 2D imaging sonars. Reconstruction using imaging sonar being a non-trivial problem, we present an algorithm enabling the generation of a 3D map of the observed scene from a sequence of imaging sonar images. The inherent problem when using large aperture sonars being the unavailability of the elevation angle information, our algorithm solves this by associating multiple point of views and taking advantage of the sonar imaging process. Using this technique, we enable the surface reconstruction of an inspected structure using standard sonars, frequently embedded on many ROVs and AUVs on the market. In addition to performing tests in a simulated environment, tests made with real inspection data showed that accurate 3D mapping was possible using noisy standard sonar and AUV navigation. Results can be obtained in real operation time, paving the way for further 3D online applications.
Thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions - a database for quantitative biochemistry

UNLABELLED The Thermodynamics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions Database (TECRDB) is a comprehensive collection of thermodynamic data on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The data, which consist of apparent equilibrium constants and calorimetrically determined molar enthalpies of reaction, are the primary experimental results obtained from thermodynamic studies of biochemical reactions. The results from approximately 1000 published papers containing data on approximately 400 different enzyme-catalyzed reactions constitute the essential information in the database. The information is managed using Oracle and is available on the Web. AVAILABILITY http://xpdb.nist. gov/enzyme_thermodynamics/
Accrual quality , bond liquidity , and cost of debt

This paper investigates the effect of accrual quality on bond liquidity and the implications of this effect for cost of debt. We argue that high accrual quality not only reduces information asymmetry but also decreases uncertainty, thereby improving liquidity, which in turn lowers the cost of debt. We first document that higher accrual quality is associated with higher bond liquidity. We then show that accrual quality reduces cost of debt but this effect is subsumed by liquidity, suggesting that the effect of accrual quality on reducing cost of debt arises largely through its effect on improving bond liquidity. Further analyses reveal that our primary results are robust to controlling for information asymmetry (through PIN), suggesting that our documented effect arises through aspects of liquidity that are independent of information asymmetry. We also show that credit ratings reflect the underlying structural relations among accrual quality, bond liquidity and cost of debt, albeit in an incomplete manner.
Uncertainty in artificial intelligence

The first conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence was held in 1985 by a group of people who felt that their views on the use of probability theory were not receiving a fair hearing from the rest of the Al community. At the time, mainstream opinion held that computational complexity of, and the amount of data required by, probabilistic methods made them inappropriate for realistic applications. As a result, those who claimed that probability theory was an adequate, if not the only adequate, method of handling uncertainty received a somewhat frosty reception.
The Face of Humanity

Across three studies, we test the hypothesis that the perceived “humanness” of a human face can have its roots, in part, in low-level, feature-integration processes typical of normal face perception—configural face processing. We provide novel evidence that perceptions of humanness/dehumanization can have perceptual roots. Relying on the well-established face inversion paradigm, we demonstrate that disruptions of configural face processing also disrupt the ability of human faces to activate concepts related to humanness (Experiment 1), disrupt categorization of human faces as human (but not animal faces as animals; Experiment 2), and reduce the levels of humanlike traits and characteristics ascribed to faces (Experiment 3). Taken together, the current findings provide a novel demonstration that dehumanized responses can arise from bottom-up perceptual cues, which suggests novel causes and consequences of dehumanizing responses.
Effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and betel quid chewing on upper digestive diseases: a large cross-sectional study and meta-analysis

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor of upper digestive diseases. Findings on alcohol's effect on these diseases are inconsistent and with the exception of its association with esophageal cancer, little is known about betel quid chewing. This study investigated the association between use of these three substances and upper digestive diseases. We collected data from 9,275 patients receiving upper endoscopies between April 2008 and December 2013. Polynomial regressions were used to analyze the association between risk factors and diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Meta-analysis for use of these substances and esophageal diseases was also performed. Participants who simultaneously consumed cigarettes, alcohol and betel quid had a 17.28-fold risk of esophageal cancer (95% CI = 7.59–39.33), 2.99-fold risk of Barrette's esophagus (95% CI = 2.40–4.39), 1.60-fold risk of grade A-B erosive esophagitis (95% CI = 1.29–2.00), 2.00-fold risk of gastric ulcer (95% CI = 1.52–2.63), 2.12-fold risk of duodenitis (95% CI = 1.55–2.89) and 1.29-fold risk of duodenal ulcer (95% CI = 1.01–1.65). Concurrent consumption of more substances was associated with significantly higher risk of developing these diseases. Meta-analysis also revealed use of the three substances came with a high risk of esophageal diseases. In conclusions, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and betel quid chewing were associated with upper digestive tract diseases.
A commentary on "The now-or-never bottleneck: a fundamental constraint on language", by Christiansen and Chater (2015)

In a recent article, Christiansen and Chater (2015) present a fundamental constraint on language, i.e. a now-or-never bottleneck that arises from our fleeting memory, and explore its implications, e.g., chunk-and-pass processing, outlining a framework that promises to unify different areas of research. Here we explore additional support for this constraint and suggest further connections from quantitative linguistics and information theory.
Partial Rescue of the Phenotype in 1α-Hydroxylase Gene Knockout Mice by Vitamin D3 Injection

Objective: To investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] can mediate effects without being converted to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. Methods: Vitamin D3 (VD3) was injected intramuscularly to 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase] gene knockout (KO) male mice with a dose of 10,000 IU per week for 4 weeks. Skeleton Parameters and Serum biochemistry in mice were assayed. Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 levels increased from 41 to 212 ng/mL in KO mice injected with VD3. Our results show that VD3 injections significantly increased the body weight of KO mice and there were no significant differences in body weight at 7 weeks of age between VD3-treated KO mice and wildtype (WT) mice. After 1 month injection, serum calcium and phosphorus levels of the KO mice were found indistinguishable from those of their WT littermates. Serum parathyroid hormone level declined significantly, but remained higher in treated KO mice. The dry weight, percentage ash weight, and calcium content of femur were returned to normal levels in VD3-treated KO mice whereas the femoral length, although increased significantly, remained significantly smaller than that of WT mice. VD3 injections also normalized the growth plate of KO mice within normal width. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that high-dose VD3 injections can partially rescue the phenotype in 1α-hydroxylase gene KO mice. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D can mediate effects in the absence of conversion to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was confirmed in this study.
The Determinants of Industrial Research and Development: A Study of the Chemical, Drug, and Petroleum Industries

Economists have recently grown interested in doing research on research or R & D, as it is called in industrial circles. Several studies have tested Schumpeter's hoary hypothesis that large firms are responsible for most industrial inventive activity.1 Few of these studies, however, suggest why this hypothesis is apparently valid for some industries and not for others. And statistical studies going beyond this question, to try to relate R & D expenditures to firm profit expectations and the availability of funds as in other investment decisions, are rare (Mansfield, 1964; Mueller, 1967). This paper reports the results of an empirical investigation into the determinants of research expenditures in three industries-drugs, chemicals, and petroleum refining. These industries have three advantages for such a study: (1) they are among the leaders in total R & D expenditures; (2) most activity is concentrated in an appreciable number of large or moderately large firms; and (3) government support of research work is relatively small, so that decisions are more closely analogous to ordinary
Yeast Cell Death Caused by Mutation of the OST2 Gene Encoding the ε-Subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oligosaccharyltransferase

An essential ε-subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase Ost2 is a yeast homolog of mammalian highly conserved DAD1 (defender against apoptotic death). In hamster cells, the Gly38Arg mutation in DAD1 causes apoptosis at restrictive temperatures due to a defect in N-linked glycosylation. To analyze the function of Ost2 in yeast cell death, we constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing Gly58Arg (corresponding to the Gly38Arg mutation in hamster DAD1), Gly86Arg, and Glu113Val mutant Ost2. At elevated temperatures, ost2 mutants arrested growth by decreasing cell viability. Phosphatidylserine exposure, a phenotypic marker of apoptosis in mammalian cells, was found in ost2 mutant cells at 37 °C, although DNA fragmentation was not clearly detected. A high concentration of sorbitol compensates for the temperature sensitivity of the ost2 mutant. These results suggest that apoptosis-like cell death in ost2 mutants is caused by the secondary effect of overall reduced protein N-linked glycosylation.
A compliant hand based on a novel pneumatic actuator

The RBO Hand is a novel, highly compliant robotic hand. It exhibits robust grasping performance, is easy to build and prototype, and very cheap to produce. One of the primary design motivations is the extensive leverage of compliance to achieve robust shape matching between the hand and the grasped object. This effect results in robust grasping performance under sensing, model, and actuation uncertainty. We show the feasibility of our approach to constructing robotic hands in extensive grasping experiments on objects with varying properties, included water bottles, eye glasses, and sheets of fabric. The RBO hand is based on a novel pneumatic actuator, called PneuFlex, which exhibits desirable properties for robotic fingers.
17-Epiestriol, an Estrogen Metabolite, Is More Potent Than Estradiol in Inhibiting Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) mRNA Expression*

17-β estradiol (17-β E2) attenuates the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)in vivo at physiological levels (pg/ml), whereas supraphysiological concentrations of 17-β E2 (ng/ml) are required in vitro. We assessed whether a metabolite of estrogen, which could only be generated in vivo, might be a more potent inhibitor of VCAM-1 expression and thereby explain this discrepancy. We report here that 17-epiestriol, an estrogen metabolite and a selective estrogen receptor (ER) β agonist, is ∼400× more potent than 17-β E2 in suppressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced VCAM-1 mRNA as well as protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Genistein, an ERβ agonist, at low concentrations (1 and 10 nm) also suppressed TNFα-induced VCAM-1 mRNA expression. These actions of 17-epiestriol and genistein were significantly attenuated in the presence of the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182780. Other estrogenic compounds such as ethinyl estradiol and estrone did not have any effect on TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression at the concentrations tested. We further show that, 1) 17-epiestriol induces the expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mRNA and protein, 2) 17-epiestriol prevents TNFα-induced migration of NFκB into the nucleus, 3) NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, abolishes 17-epiestriol-mediated inhibition of TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and migration of NFκB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Our results indicate that 17-epiestriol is more potent than 17-β E2 in suppressing TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and that this action is modulated at least in part through NO.
eFFeCts oF neURotICIsM on GoAL sUPPoRt, GoAL PRoGRess, AnD DePRessIVe sYMPtoMs

Two studies examined the relations among Neuroticism, autonomy support, and reported goal progress. A large-scale screening demonstrated that individuals discriminated between autonomy support and more directive support and expressed a preference for autonomy support that was associated with Neuroticism. A second study examined the relationship of Neuroticism and autonomy support to self-reported goal progress over an academic year. The results showed that autonomy support was positively associated with goal progress, Neuroticism was negatively associated with goal progress, and that the effect of Neuroticism on goal progress was mediated by lower perceived autonomy support. The study also showed that Neuroticism was associated with increased depression over the course of a year, and this effect was mediated by diminished goal progress. The results suggest that the under-experiencing of autonomy support among those higher on Neuroticism may impede goal progress and well-being more generally.
The physical activity, stress and metabolic syndrome triangle: a guide to unfamiliar territory for the obesity researcher

Research aimed at deciphering the aetiology of obesity and the metabolic syndrome remains focused on two behavioural factors, namely diet and physical activity, even though epidemiologic research suggests that these two cornerstones of treatment and prevention account for only a small‐to‐moderate portion of the variance in these phenotypes. In recent years, this observation has prompted the intensified investigation of the pathogenic potential of factors that extend beyond the traditional concept of energy imbalance and examine the putative causes of this imbalance. Psychosocial stress has emerged as one such factor, raising the need for researchers to be informed about this expansive and complex literature. The purpose of this review is twofold (i) To introduce obesity researchers to fundamental concepts and historically important theoretical developments in the stress field and (ii) To outline the dyadic and triadic interactions between stress, physical activity and the metabolic syndrome. Although the expansion of the research focus to multiple, diverse and interacting putative causal agents will certainly increase the complexity of the research enterprise, this step seems essential for the comprehension and effective response to the continuing rise in the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Calcinated egg shell as a candidate of biosecurity enhancement material

Calcinated egg shell (Egg-CaO), of which the main component is calcium oxide, was evaluated in the forms of powder and aqueous solutions for their efficacies as disinfectants against avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Salmonella Infantis and Escherichia coli. Egg-CaO powder inactivated these viruses within 3 min in the presence of 33% of fetal bovine serum (FBS). In Egg-CaO solutions, except AIV, all pathogens were inactivated within 1 hr, even in the presence of 5% of FBS. Without FBS, all pathogens, except AIV, were inactivated within 3 min, and AIV within 1 hr. In addition, persistence of virucidal activity against AIV and NDV of Egg-CaO powder was confirmed after exposure to sunlight for 2 weeks or resuspension with water for 7 times, simulating field harsh environments. Chick growth test was conducted to ensure the safety of the use of Egg-CaO powder in chicken cages and showed that it is safe to add Egg-CaO in litter or feed. In conclusion, Egg-CaO can be useful for the enhancement of biosecurity at farms.
A 3D Numerical Method for Studying Vortex Formation Behind a Moving Plate

In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional numerical method for computing the wake behind a flat plate advancing perpendicular to the flow. Our numerical method is inspired by the panel method of J. Katz and A. Plotkin [J. Katz and A. Plotkin, Low-speed Aerodynamics, 2001] and the 2D vortex blob method of Krasny [R. Krasny, Lectures in Appl. Math., 28 (1991), pp. 385--402]. The accuracy of the method will be demonstrated by comparing the 3D computation at the center section of a very high aspect ratio plate with the corresponding two-dimensional computation. Furthermore, we compare the numerical results obtained by our 3D numerical method with the corresponding experimental results obtained recently by Ringuette [M. J. Ringuette, Ph.D. Thesis, 2004] in the towing tank. Our numerical results are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results up to the so-called formation time.
Serum CA-125 level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating disease and is going to be the 3rd most common cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has severely bad influence on prognosis in COPD patients. Hence, early diagnosis of it is important for appropriate therapy. Echocardiography is used for this purpose, which requires cardiologist and expensive equipment which may not be available anywhere. CA-125, a biomarker of ovarian cancer, has shown to be associated with left ventricular failure. We aimed to show the relationship between CA-125 levels and PH in patients with COPD. METHODS Ninety patients with stable COPD were enrolled into the study. Levels of CA-725 were measured from venous blood, and in the same day systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS Of 90 Patients 57 had PH and 39 had not. Patients with PH had significantly higher CA- 125 levels compared with controls (mean 39.15 U/ mL vs. 24.22 U/mL, P < 0.04). Levels of CA-125 were correlated with sPAP (r=017, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The CA-125 biomarker can be used to identify COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension. Since it is cheap and easily available it can help in centers with less access to echocardiography.
The Loss Inventory: preliminary reliability and validity data for a new measure of emotional and cognitive responses to disability

Purpose: To examine the utility, reliability and validity of a new scale, The Loss Inventory (LI) for measuring symptoms unique to grief following disablement. Methods: Prospective survey study in which two self-report measures, the LI and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, were administered to 103 hospitalized rehabilitation patients. Correlational analyses, t tests, t score conversions of raw data, and analysis of variance used to determine reliability (internal consistency) of the LI and compare means of scores across several variables. Results: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.90 for the LI. The Zung and the LI correlated 0.59 but study subjects were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to score higher on the LI than on the Zung. Certain LI items were significantly more frequently endorsed by depressed patients. Significant gender and ethnic differences were found. Conclusions: Rehabilitation patients sampled in this study were no more likely to be depressed than most people. Grief symptoms reported following functional losses are similar to those reported by persons who have experienced the death of someone close. The Loss Inventory reliably measures these grief symptoms. Gender and ethnicity affect the manner in which grief symptoms are reported. The LI may improve mental health clinicians' diagnostic accuracy in rehabilitation and medical settings.