Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter data Using Emoticons and Emoji Ideograms

Twitter is an online social networking service where worldwide users publish their opinions on a variety of topics, discuss current issues, complain, and express positive or negative sentiment for products they use in daily life. Therefore, Twitter is a rich source of data for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. However, sentiment analysis for Twitter messages (tweets) is regarded as a challenging problem because tweets are short and informal. This paper focuses on this problem by the analyzing of symbols called emotion tokens, including emotion symbols (e.g. emoticons and emoji ideograms). According to observation, these emotion tokens are commonly used. They directly express one’s emotions regardless of his/her language, hence they have become a useful signal for sentiment analysis on multilingual tweets. The paper describes the approach to performing sentiment analysis, that is able to determine positive, negative and neutral sentiments for a tested topic.
MYC proteins promote neuronal differentiation by controlling the mode of progenitor cell division

The role of MYC proteins in somatic stem and progenitor cells during development is poorly understood. We have taken advantage of a chick in vivo model to examine their role in progenitor cells of the developing neural tube. Our results show that depletion of endogenous MYC in radial glial precursors (RGPs) is incompatible with differentiation and conversely, that overexpression of MYC induces neurogenesis independently of premature or upregulated expression of proneural gene programs. Unexpectedly, the neurogenic function of MYC depends on the integrity of the polarized neural tissue, in contrast to the situation in dissociated RGPs where MYC is mitogenic. Within the polarized RGPs of the neural tube, MYC drives differentiation by inhibiting Notch signaling and by increasing neurogenic cell division, eventually resulting in a depletion of progenitor cells. These results reveal an unexpected role of MYC in the control of stemness versus differentiation of neural stem cells in vivo.
The Gamma-Ray Pulsar Population

We apply a likelihood analysis to pulsar detections, pulsar upper limits, and diffuse background measurements from the OSSE and EGRET instruments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory to constrain the luminosity law for gamma-ray pulsars and some properties of the gamma-ray pulsar population. We find that the dependence of luminosity on spin period and dipole magnetic field is much steeper at OSSE than at EGRET energies (50-200 keV and >100 MeV, respectively), suggesting that different emission mechanisms are responsible for low- and high-energy gamma-ray emission. Incorporating a spin-down model and assuming a pulsar spatial distribution, we estimate the fraction of the Galactic gamma-ray background due to unidentified pulsars and find that pulsars may be an important component of the OSSE diffuse flux but are most likely not important at EGRET energies. Using measurements of the diffuse background flux from these instruments, we are able to place constraints on the braking index, initial spin period, and magnetic field of the Galactic pulsar population and are also able to constrain the pulsar birthrate to be between 1/25 yr-1 and 1/500 yr-1. Our results are based on a large gamma-ray beam, but they do not scale in a simple way with beam size. We estimate that about 20 of the 169 unidentified EGRET sources are probably gamma-ray pulsars. We use our model to predict the pulsar population that will be seen by future gamma-ray instruments and estimate that Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope will detect roughly 750 gamma-ray pulsars as steady sources, only 120 of which are currently known radio pulsars.
eNOS Activation by HDL Is Impaired in Genetic CETP Deficiency

Mutations in the CETP gene resulting in defective CETP activity have been shown to cause remarkable elevations of plasma HDL-C levels, with the accumulation in plasma of large, buoyant HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein E. Genetic CETP deficiency thus represents a unique tool to evaluate how structural alterations of HDL impact on HDL atheroprotective functions. Aim of the present study was to assess the ability of HDL obtained from CETP-deficient subjects to protect endothelial cells from the development of endothelial dysfunction. HDL isolated from one homozygous and seven heterozygous carriers of CETP null mutations were evaluated for their ability to down-regulate cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule expression and to promote NO production in cultured endothelial cells. When compared at the same protein concentration, HDL and HDL3 from carriers proved to be as effective as control HDL and HDL3 in down-regulating cytokine-induced VCAM-1, while carrier HDL2 were more effective than control HDL2 in inhibiting VCAM-1 expression. On the other hand, HDL and HDL fractions from carriers of CETP deficiency were significantly less effective than control HDL and HDL fractions in stimulating NO production, due to a reduced eNOS activating capacity, likely because of a reduced S1P content. In conclusion, the present findings support the notion that genetic CETP deficiency, by affecting HDL particle structure, impacts on HDL vasculoprotective functions. Understanding of these effects might be important for predicting the outcomes of pharmacological CETP inhibition.
Gender Equality, Place, and Female-Victim Intimate Partner Homicide

Assessments of the relationship between gender equality and gendered homicide have led to the development of two primary literatures: the first exploring backlash and amelioration effects, and the second examining the influence of exposure reduction. In addition, a third body of research has examined differences in intimate partner homicide (IPH) between rural and non-rural places. The current study contributes to these three literatures by exploring the relationship between gender equality and female-victim IPH in the context of backlash, amelioration, and exposure reduction while considering the influence of rurality. Results indicate the relevance of rurality to research on the relationship between gender equality and female-victim IPH.
Electroconvulsive therapy of acute manic episodes: a review of 50 years' experience.

OBJECTIVE The most common indication for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is major depression. It is less recognized that ECT is effective also in the treatment of acute mania. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the use of ECT for manic patients. METHOD All published papers in the English language on the use of ECT in acute mania that could be found were reviewed with regard to efficacy, frequency and number of treatments, bilateral versus unilateral electrode placement, predictors of antimanic response, stability of therapeutic response, cognitive consequences, and other relevant issues. RESULTS The evidence indicates that ECT is associated with remission or marked clinical improvement in 80% of manic patients and that it is an effective treatment for patients whose manic episodes have responded poorly to pharmacotherapy. Manic patients do not require a high frequency or prolonged course of treatments to respond to ECT. The seizure threshold appears to be lower in manic patients than in depressed patients. The issues of relapse following response to ECT, cognitive consequences of ECT, and the relative merits of unilateral versus bilateral ECT in manic patients require further study. CONCLUSIONS ECT is an effective and safe treatment for acute mania. Remission of mania following ECT reflects a primary therapeutic effect rather than a secondary consequence of an ECT-induced organic brain syndrome.
Negative affective tendencies predict precursors of metabolic syndrome in physically healthy young women

Accumulating evidence indicates that negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) are linked to a variety of physical health outcomes. However, there are a number of significant gaps in this literature. First of all, many commonly employed instruments assess broad psychological constructs rather than basic mood states. Second, these measures do not distinguish between valence and activation, two theoretically important dimensions of affect. This makes it difficult to sort out which key ingredients are involved in the affect and health connection. Third, with all the studies of medical patients, it is not evident whether moods matter causally or if they are confounded with disease severity. Finally, the biological mechanisms through which different moods might influence health are largely unknown. A critical question is whether NA and PA work through different pathways. The current research project was designed to help address these problems. The study employed a circumplex model of affect to track patterns of mood in physically healthy young women over the course of 6 months. Biological measures representing preclinical markers of metabolic disease were obtained at the end of this period. This methodology enabled us to examine the independent and joint contributions of different affective tendencies, varying on dimensions of valence and activation, to biological mechanisms involved in disease development. The findings revealed that the tendency to experience chronic negative emotions, regardless of their associated level of activation, predicted less optimal metabolic symptoms. In contrast, positive affective tendencies had neither a favorable nor detrimental effect on these outcomes. However, we found no evidence that NA and PA have unique biological correlates. The implications of these findings for models of emotion and health are discussed, and several potential avenues for future research are suggested.
The Quality Lecture: How Do We Rate?

Aims: to review the key features of an effective lecture and to rate a series of medical school lectures to inform a broader initiative in staff development in effective lecturing Background: Lectures are the primary method of delivering information to an audience in tertiary education and remain a key part of medical school education Method: Literature review confirmed fourteen elements thought to contribute to the quality of a lecture. A lecture series was then rated using these criteria Results: The three highest rated criteria were explaining and summarising key concepts, presenting material at an appropriate level to the audience, and the use of clear audio-visual aids and voice. The three lowest rated aspects of our lecture program were stating goals of the talk, monitoring audience understanding and responding appropriately, and providing a conclusion to the talk. Conclusions: These findings will provide direction to staff development to further improve the quality of lectures provided to students.
A novel splicing mutation in the albumin gene (c.270+1G>T) causes analbuminaemia in a German infant

Congenital analbuminaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder manifested by the presence of a very low amount of circulating serum albumin. The clinical diagnosis may be challenging because of the absence of unambiguous symptoms and because hypoalbuminemia may have many causes different from a genetic lack of the protein. We describe the clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of congenital analbuminaemia in an infant of apparently non-consanguineous parents from Treves, Germany. For molecular diagnosis, we used our strategy, based on the screening of the albumin gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism, heteroduplex analysis and direct DNA sequencing, which revealed that the proband is homozygous and both parents are heterozygous, for a novel G > T transversion at nucleotide c.270+ 1, the first base of intron 3. The mutation inactivates the strongly conserved GT dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site consensus sequence of this intron. In conclusion, we report the clinical findings and the molecular defect of this case, which contributes to a better understanding of the biological mechanism of congenital analbuminaemia.
FOREST INVENTORY FOR EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS BASED ON AIRBORNE LASERSCANNER DATA

This paper presents the results of a forest inventory for eucalyptus plantations based on airborne laser scanner. Eucalyptus is a very fast growing plant which is mainly used for paper production in Mediterranean climate zones. A 60 km2 test site was selected in Portugal, intensive field work and additional data from the forest management provided reference data for the forest inventory with laser scanner data. Since eucalyptus tree crowns within planting rows have a small diameter, the individual trees were modeled by only one parameter – the tree height. The verification of the results from the automatic single tree detection showed a correctness of 93 %. For the estimation of the timber volume for each stand a single tree approach in combination with a stand wise approach was used. The calculation of timber volume for several reference stands with a total size of 75 ha yielded to a correctness of again 93 %. Finally all developed methods were implemented as additional tools in the Joanneum Research image processing toolbox IMPACT. Within IMPACT a processing chain was established which enables an automatic calculation of timber volume for eucalyptus plantations based on a digital terrain model, GIS information of the stands and first pulse laser scanner raw data.
Early Childhood Professionals as a Source of Social Support: The Role of Parent–Professional Communication

FORTY MOTHERS PARTICIPATED IN this Australian study of maternal perceptions of early childhood professionals (ECPs) as a source of social support in formal, centre-based infant/toddler care settings. Social support was defined as both emotional support (for example, providing understanding, encouragement, acceptance) and instrumental support (for example, providing practical information). Of particular interest was how the nature of communication between mothers and ECPs influences maternal feelings of support. ECPs in the study were defined as all early childhood staff—unqualified and qualified—identified by the mothers as working with their child in the centre. Quantitative data obtained by surveys and questionnaires was augmented by case studies of selected mothers based on interviews. It was found that most mothers perceived ECPs to be a source of social support, and that the content and frequency of mother–ECP communication determined how much support mothers considered they received. The case studies provided evocative insights into what it is like for mothers to ‘be’ in supportive and unsupportive childcare spaces. Among other things, the outcomes of this study encourage policymakers and ECPs to consider the extent to which childcare services provide social support for mothers, and how they might identify those who have the greatest need for it.
Facilitating Emotional Awareness in a Career Counseling Context

Significant research on emotion and career development has transpired in the past few decades. Regrettably, certain aspects of emotional functioning germane to the career decision-making process remain ambiguous. Specifically, kinds and frequency of affective reactions to career options along with helpful ways to assimilate this emotional information in the counseling experience are unclarified. In contrast, this study operationalized an intervention designed to facilitate emotional awareness and tested it with a sample of 451 undergraduates exploring career information. Using a descriptive research design, a frequency distribution of 40,207 affective responses revealed six noticeable recurring emotions resulted from participants’ reflections on career possibilities. This pattern, consistent over a 3-year interval, comprised the majority (59%) of total elicited affect. Moreover, a statistically significant higher percentage of positive emotional responses emerged with college students’ self-assigned occupations relative to computer-generated careers. Practical applications of the affective information for career counseling purposes are also discussed.
A Close Binary Star Resolved from Occultation by 87 Sylvia

The star BD +29 1748 was resolved to be a close binary from its occultation by the asteroid 87 Sylvia on 2006 December 18 UT. Four telescopes were used to observe this event at two sites separated by some 80 km. Two flux drops were observed at one site, whereas only one flux drop was detected at the other. From the long-term variation of Sylvia, we inferred the probable shape of the shadow during the occultation, and this in turn constrains the binary parameters: the two components of BD +29 1748 have a projected separation of 0. ̋097–0. ̋140 on the sky with a position angle 104°–110°. The asteroid was clearly resolved, with a size scale ranging from 130 to 290 km as projected onto the occultation direction, consistent with the size dimensions 385 × 265 × 230 km , measured by direct adaptive optics imaging. No occultation was detected for either of the two known moonlets of 87 Sylvia.
Dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status in adults: the French nutrition and health survey (ENNS, 2006–2007)

The French National Programme on Nutrition and Health (Programme national nutrition santé (PNNS)), the aim of which is to reduce nutrition-related chronic diseases, necessitates monitoring of nutritional characteristics. Our objective was to describe dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status in a national sample of adults, especially according to current French recommendations. The study is based on a cross-sectional population-based survey using a multistage sampling design (Etude nationale nutrition santé (ENNS)). Between February 2006 and March 2007, 3115 18–74-year-old adults were included (participation rate 59·7 %). Energy, macronutrient and food consumption were estimated through three randomly distributed 24 h recalls, and compared to PNNS recommendations; physical activity was described using International Physical Activity Questionnaire guidelines; anthropometry, blood pressure and biochemical measurements were assessed according to national and international references. When compared to current recommendations, intake of carbohydrates (>50 % energy intake without alcohol: 26·4 %), SFA ( < 35 % total lipids: 18·5 %) and total fibre (>25 g/d: 13·7 %) was frequently unsatisfactory. While overall consumption of ‘meat, seafood and eggs’ was satisfactory, that of fruits and vegetables ( ≥ 400 g/d: 43·8 %) and seafood (two or more servings per week: 29·9 %) was frequently too low. The physical activity level was satisfactory at 63·2 %. Overweight was observed in 49·3 % of adults, while 30·9 % were hypertensive and 44·1 % had dyslipidaemia. Vitamin and iron-poor status was found to affect less than 10 % of the population. Based on the ENNS survey, overall nutrition remains a problem in France. Comparison of these data with those of other countries could contribute to a better understanding of variations in nutrition-related diseases.
Efficacy of Biocides Used in the Modern Food Industry To Control Salmonella enterica, and Links between Biocide Tolerance and Resistance to Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Compounds

ABSTRACT Biocides play an essential role in limiting the spread of infectious disease. The food industry is dependent on these agents, and their increasing use is a matter for concern. Specifically, the emergence of bacteria demonstrating increased tolerance to biocides, coupled with the potential for the development of a phenotype of cross-resistance to clinically important antimicrobial compounds, needs to be assessed. In this study, we investigated the tolerance of a collection of susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains to a panel of seven commercially available food-grade biocide formulations. We explored their abilities to adapt to these formulations and their active biocidal agents, i.e., triclosan, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and benzalkonium chloride, after sequential rounds of in vitro selection. Finally, cross-tolerance of different categories of biocidal formulations, their active agents, and the potential for coselection of resistance to clinically important antibiotics were investigated. Six of seven food-grade biocide formulations were bactericidal at their recommended working concentrations. All showed a reduced activity against both surface-dried and biofilm cultures. A stable phenotype of tolerance to biocide formulations could not be selected. Upon exposure of Salmonella strains to an active biocidal compound, a high-level of tolerance was selected for a number of Salmonella serotypes. No cross-tolerance to the different biocidal agents or food-grade biocide formulations was observed. Most tolerant isolates displayed changes in their patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial compounds. Food industry biocides are effective against planktonic Salmonella. When exposed to sublethal concentrations of individual active biocidal agents, tolerant isolates may emerge. This emergence was associated with changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities.
When Does Predation Dominate Collusion

I study repeated competition among oligopolists. The only novelty is that firms may go bankrupt and permanently exit: the probability that a firm survives a price war depends on its financial strength, which varies stochastically over time. Under some conditions including no entry, an anti‐folk theorem holds: when firms are patient, so that strength levels change relatively quickly, every Nash equilibrium involves an immediate price war that lasts until at most one firm remains. Surprisingly, the possibility of entry may facilitate collusion, as may impatience. The model can explain some observed patterns of collusion and predation.
Characterisation of Cancer Support and Rehabilitation Programmes: A Swedish Multiple Case Study

Cancer support and rehabilitation are suggested to be an integral part of cancer care strategies. This study focuses on comparativeness of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes. The aim of this study was to analyse available cancer support and rehabilitation programmes in Sweden presented as complementary to cancer rehabilitation at cancer clinics. A multiple case study design was chosen in order to inquire the small number of existing supportive and rehabilitative cancer programmes. Based on the structures, processes and outcomes of the nine included programmes, three types of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes were identified: multimodal rehabilitation, comprehensive cancer support and art therapy. Cancer support and rehabilitation programmes offer a variety of activities and therapies which are highly valuable and relevant for people with cancer. The typology of cancer support and rehabilitation programmes and comparability between programmes need further inquiry.
Cumulative Socioeconomic Adversity, Developmental Pathways, and Mental Health Risks During the Early Life Course

The current study examines two developmental risk pathways (an academic/economic pathway and a delinquency/interpersonal pathway) linking cumulative socioeconomic adversity to subsequent depressive symptoms and the interplay between these pathways and depressive symptoms using path analysis with a sample of 14,563 respondents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health over a 13-year period. Minority youth comprised 49% of this nationally representative sample, including 21% Blacks, 16% Hispanics, 6% Asians, 2% Native Americans, and 4% multiracial youth. Cumulative socioeconomic adversity appears to initiate an adverse life course process involving depressive symptoms, academic/economic difficulties, and delinquency/interpersonal incompetency. It appears that mediating life experiences partially explain the persistent influence of socioeconomic adversity and the continuity of depressive symptoms over the early life course. A deeper understanding of this dynamic process provides insight into the prevention of emotional problems in these early life stages.