Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Loneliness Necessarily Lead to a Decrease in Prosocial Behavior? The Roles of Gender and Situation

Although, previous studies show overwhelming evidence that loneliness is negatively correlated with prosocial behavior, some theories and research have implied that under certain situations, loneliness plays a positive role in an individual's social functioning. The two studies reported in this article examined loneliness and its associations with prosocial behavior in Chinese adults using subjective reporting and experimental design. Study 1 examined 305 Chinese adults (175 males) using the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure to evaluate their loneliness and prosocial tendencies. The results showed that loneliness was negatively associated with all prosocial tendencies except the public prosocial tendency. Study 2 examined 177 Chinese adults (61 males) using an experimental design and found that only lonely women in public situations expressed a greater willingness to help. The results also suggest that loneliness may play a positive role in the social functioning of individuals under certain conditions. The function of loneliness and the implications of the association between loneliness and prosocial behavior are discussed.
Department of Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the molecular basis of cellular and organismal function, making it a central discipline in the biological sciences. Biochemists ask the question, “How do life processes work at the molecular level? ” The Department of Biochemistry offers undergraduate programs leading to the BA and BS degrees in biochemistry and graduate programs leading to the MS and PhD degrees. There are also dual-degree programs, leading to the MD/PhD, MD/MS in Biomedical Investigation, JD/MS, MS/MBA, and MS/MA in Patent Practice degrees. The department also participates in several interdisciplinary and interdepartmental programs in the School of Medicine and at Case Western Reserve University that provide additional avenues of study.
Identifying Significant Effects in Fractional Factorial Multiresponse Experiments

A forward selection procedure for identifying active contrasts in unreplicated factorial multiresponse experiments is presented. To test the multivariate effects, p values are calculated by Monte Carlo sampling; the ordinary Hotelling's T2 test is a special case. Collinear responses are effectively handled by successive principal-component decompositions, as when, for instance, the number of response variables exceeds the number of observations. In the univariate case, the test statistic pools the smallest effects as error. Independent sources for error degrees of freedom can be incorporated. The method is illustrated with examples from baguette and mayonnaise production.
Cardiac Responses during Picture Viewing in Young Male Patients with Schizophrenia

Previous research investigating the emotion recognition ability in patients with schizophrenia has mainly focused on the recognition of facial expressions. To broaden our understanding of emotional processes in patients with schizophrenia, this study aimed to investigate whether these patients experience and process other emotionally evocative stimuli differently from healthy participants. To investigate this, we measured the cardiac and subjective responses of 33 male patients (9 with and 24 without antipsychotic medication) and 40 male control subjects to emotion-eliciting pictures. Cardiac responses were chosen as an outcome measure because previous research has indicated that these are linked with attentional and emotional processes and provide a more objective measure than self-report measures alone. The differences in cardiac responses between patients and controls were limited to medicated patients: only the medicated patients showed significantly decreased cardiac orienting responses compared with control subjects, regardless of picture contents. These results indicate that medicated patients directed less attention towards emotion-eliciting pictures than controls. Decreased attentional resources while processing emotional evocative stimuli could lead to incorrect appraisals of the environment and may have detrimental emotional and social consequences, contributing to chronic stress levels and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Sentiment Retrieval using Generative Models

Ranking documents or sentences according to both topic and sentiment relevance should serve a critical function in helping users when topics and sentiment polarities of the targeted text are not explicitly given, as is often the case on the web. In this paper, we propose several sentiment information retrieval models in the framework of probabilistic language models, assuming that a user both inputs query terms expressing a certain topic and also specifies a sentiment polarity of interest in some manner. We combine sentiment relevance models and topic relevance models with model parameters estimated from training data, considering the topic dependence of the sentiment. Our experiments prove that our models are effective.
Characterization of the Th Profile of the Bovine Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy

Despite extensive research in the area of cow fertility, the extent to which the maternal immune system is modulated during pregnancy in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to characterize the presence and response profile of B, T-helper (LTh), T- cytotoxic (LTc), gamma delta-T (γδT) and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes in terms of cell number, distribution and cytokine expression in bovine endometrial tissue to pregnancy. Endometrial tissue samples were collected from beef heifers on Days 5, 7, 13 and 16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Samples were analysed by immunofluorescence to identify the presence and abundance of B-B7 (B-cells), CD4 (LTh), CD8 (LTc), γδT cell receptor (TCR) and CD335/NKp46 (NK cells) -positive immune cells. Quantitative real time PCR (QPCR) was carried out to analyse mRNA relative abundance of FOXP3 (a marker of regulatory T (Treg) cells) and a panel of immune factors, including MHC-I, LIF, Interleukins 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 11,12A, IFNa and IFNG. Results indicate that B-B7+ cells are quite populous in bovine endometrial tissue, CD4+ and CD8+ -cells are present in moderate numbers and γδTCR+ and CD335+ cells are present in low numbers. Pregnancy affected the total number and distribution pattern of the NK cell population, with the most significant variation observed on Day 16 of pregnancy. Neither B lymphocytes nor T lymphocyte subsets were regulated temporally during the oestrous cycle or by pregnancy prior to implantation. mRNA transcript abundance of the immune factors LIF, IL1b, IL8 and IL12A, IFNa and IFNG, expression was regulated temporally during the estrous cycle and LIF, IL1b, IL-10, IL11, IL12A were also temporally regulated during pregnancy. In conclusion, the endometrial immune profile of the oestrous cycle favours a Th2 environment in anticipation of pregnancy and the presence of an embryo acts to fine tune this environment.
The Willpower Instinct: How Self-Control Works, Why It Matters, and What You Can Do to Get More of It

Based on Stanford University psychologist Kelly McGonigal's wildly popular course "The Science of Willpower," "The Willpower Instinct" is the first book to explain the new science of self-control and how it can be harnessed to improve our health, happiness, and productivity. Informed by the latest research and combining cutting-edge insights from psychology, economics, neuroscience, and medicine, "The Willpower Instinct" explains exactly what willpower is, how it works, and why it matters. For example, readers will learn: Willpower is a mind-body response, not a virtue. It is a biological function that can be improved through mindfulness, exercise, nutrition, and sleep.Willpower is not an unlimited resource. Too much self-control can actually be bad for your health.Temptation and stress hijack the brain's systems of self-control, but the brain can be trained for greater willpowerGuilt and shame over your setbacks lead to giving in again, but self-forgiveness and self-compassion boost self-control.Giving up control is sometimes the only way to gain self-control.Willpower failures are contagious you can catch the desire to overspend or overeat from your friends but you can also catch self-control from the right role models.In the groundbreaking tradition of "Getting Things Done, The Willpower Instinct" combines life-changing prescriptive advice and complementary exercises to help readers with goals ranging from losing weight to more patient parenting, less procrastination, better health, and greater productivity at work. "
Delayed presentation of traumatic dislocation of a Visian Implantable Collamer Lens.

PURPOSE To report traumatic dislocation of a Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical Co) discovered on routine examination. METHODS A 26-year-old man was found to have ICL subluxation into the anterior chamber with pupillary capture on routine screening examination. The patient reported being punched near the left eye 2 weeks earlier. He noted mild blurry vision, no pain, and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/30, which was decreased from his baseline of 20/20 in the affected eye. RESULTS Surgical repositioning was performed under pupillary dilation without complication. Postoperatively, UDVA was 20/20(-2). Persistent pigment on the ICL, slight pupillary margin peaking, and anterior chamber inflammation were noted. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic ICL dislocation may occur with minimal signs and symptoms. Education of patients about the necessity for examination after ocular trauma and need to wear eye protection during activities at high risk of ocular trauma are important.
Ideology, Nationality and Euro-Parliamentarians

This article analyzes the voting behavior of Euro-parliamentarians. The roll-call data from the plenary sessions of the European Parliament (EP) during the third and fourth legislatures are used to estimate legislators' preferences. Applying the spatial models of roll-call voting to the EP, I investigate the dimensions underlying legislators' voting behavior. I focus on the relative importance of ideology (i.e. European-wide political party affiliation) versus nationality as the main factor influencing voting behavior. The results support the existence of a European political system in which the main actors are political groups, not national delegations. Also, the pattern of voting in the EP is found to be quite stable across time and issues. Moreover, after taking into account Members' political party affiliations, nationality becomes, though to a lesser extent, statistically significant in explaining legislators' ideal positions.
Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community

We contend that two important, nonrelational, features of formal interorganizational networks-geographic propinquity and organizational form-fundamentally alter the flow of information through a network. Within regional economies, contractual linkages among physically proximate organizations represent relatively transparent channels for information transfer because they are embedded in an ecology rich in informal and labor market transmission mechanisms. Similarly, we argue that the spillovers that result from proprietary alliances are a function of the institutional commitments and practices of members of the network. When the dominant nodes in an innovation network are committed to open regimes of information disclosure, the entire structure is characterized by less tightly monitored ties. The relative accessibility of knowledge transferred through contractual linkages to organizations determines whether innovation benefits accrue broadly to membership in a coherent network component or narrowly to centrality. We draw on novel network visualization methods and conditional fixed effects negative binomial regressions to test these arguments for human therapeutic biotechnology firms located in the Boston metropolitan area.
Assembly and processing of the disulfide-linked varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein gpII(140)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specifies the synthesis of at least four families of glycoproteins, which have been designated gpI, gpII, gpIII, and gpIV. In this report we describe the assembly and processing of VZV gpII, a structural protein of an apparent Mr of 140,000, which is the homolog of gB of herpes simplex virus. For these studies, we used two anti-gpII monoclonal antibodies which exhibited both complement-independent neutralization activity and inhibition of virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion. Pulse-chase labeling experiments identified a 124,000-Mr intermediate which was chased to the mature 140,000-Mr product when analyzed in nonreducing gels; in the presence of a reducing agent, the native gp140 was cleaved into two closely migrating species (gp66 and gp68). The biosynthesis of VZV gpII was further analyzed in the presence of the following inhibitors of glycoprotein processing: tunicamycin, monensin, castanospermine, swainsonine, and deoxymannojirimycin. All intermediate and mature forms were digested with endoglycosidases H and F, neuraminidase, and O-glycanase to further define high-mannose, complex, and O-linked glycans. Finally, the addition of sulfate residues was investigated. This characterization of VZV gpII revealed the following results. (i) gp128 and gp124 were early high-mannose forms, (ii) gp126 was an intermediate form with complex N-linked oligosaccharides, (iii) gp130 was a later intermediate with both N-linked and O-linked glycans, and (iv) the mature product gp140 contained a mixture of N-linked and O-linked glycans which were both sialated and sulfated. Further investigations indicated that gpII sulfation was inhibited by tunicamycin and castanospermine but not by deoxymannojirimycin or swainsonine. We also concluded that VZV gpII displayed many biological and biochemical properties similar to those of its herpes simplex virus homolog gB.
Can the Palatability of Healthy, Satiety-Promoting Foods Increase with Repeated Exposure during Weight Loss?

Repeated exposure to sugary, fatty, and salty foods often enhances their appeal. However, it is unknown if exposure influences learned palatability of foods typically promoted as part of a healthy diet. We tested whether the palatability of pulse containing foods provided during a weight loss intervention which were particularly high in fiber and low in energy density would increase with repeated exposure. At weeks 0, 3, and 6, participants (n = 42; body mass index (BMI) 31.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were given a test battery of 28 foods, approximately half which had been provided as part of the intervention, while the remaining half were not foods provided as part of the intervention. In addition, about half of each of the foods (provided as part or not provided as part of the intervention) contained pulses. Participants rated the taste, appearance, odor, and texture pleasantness of each food, and an overall flavor pleasantness score was calculated as the mean of these four scores. Linear mixed model analyses showed an exposure type by week interaction effect for taste, texture and overall flavor pleasantness indicating statistically significant increases in ratings of provided foods in taste and texture from weeks 0 to 3 and 0 to 6, and overall flavor from weeks 0 to 6. Repeated exposure to these foods, whether they contained pulses or not, resulted in a ~4% increase in pleasantness ratings. The long-term clinical relevance of this small increase requires further study.
Intimate Partner Violence Predictors in an International Context: An Analysis of the International Violence against Women Survey

ii Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Chapter One: Literature Review 1 Violence Against Women (VAW) 2 Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) 3 Measuring Intimate Partner Violence 4 Correlates of IPV 8 Age and IPV 9 Alcohol and IPV 11 Employment, Income and IPV 17 Past Victimizations and IPV 20 Past Marriage and IPV 21 Relationship Duration and IPV 23 Relationship Status and IPV 24 Violence Outside the Home and IPV 26 Controlling Behaviours and IPV 29 Chapter Two: Methodology 33 Development of the IVAWS 33 Sampling and Survey Method 34 Research Questions 36 Operational Framework of General Concepts 37 Dependent Variables 37 Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) 37 Physical Violence 38 Sexual Violence 39 Controlling Behaviours 40 Predictor Variables 41 Male Heavy Drinking 42 Female Only Income 42 Female Past Marriage 43 Female Past IPV 44 Respondent’s Age 44 Relationship Duration 45 Relationship Status 45 Violent Outside The Home 46 Limitations of Measures, Validity and Reliability 46 Limitations 46 Reliability and Validity 48
Partial Coordination. I. The Best of Pre-Coordination and Post-Coordination

The introduction of computerized post-coordination has solved many of the problems of pre-coordinated subject access. However, the adoption of computerized post-coordination results in the loss of some pre-coordination benefits. Specifically, the effect of hiding terms within the context of others is lost in post-coordination which gives lead status to every document term. This results in spurious matches of terms out of context. Library patrons and Internet searchers are increasingly dissatisfied with subject access performance, in part because of unmanageably large retrieval sets. The need to enhance precision and limit the size of retrieval sets motivates this work which proposes partial coordination, an approach which incorporates the advantages of computer search with the ability of pre-coordination to limit spurious partial matches and thereby enhance precision.
Were the Galileans "religious Jews" or "ethnic Judeans"?

This article focuses on an investigation into the ethnic identity of first-century Galileans. Its aim is to argue that the Galileans were not descendents of northern Israelites but were mostly descendents of “Jews” who came to live in the region during the Hasmonean expansion. The article demonstrates that this thesis is supported by Josephus and also by archaeological evidence. From the perspective of this thesis, the article contends that the term “Jew” does not apply to Galileans. First-century Galileans should rather be understood as “ethnic Judeans”.
Short-Term Intravenous Sodium Nitrite Infusion Improves Cardiac and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Heart Failure Patients

Background—Nitrite exhibits hypoxia-dependent vasodilator properties, selectively dilating capacitance vessels in healthy subjects. Unlike organic nitrates, it seems not to be subject to the development of tolerance. Currently, therapeutic options for decompensated heart failure (HF) are limited. We hypothesized that by preferentially dilating systemic capacitance and pulmonary resistance vessels although only marginally dilating resistance vessels, sodium nitrite (NaNO2) infusion would increase cardiac output but reduce systemic arterial blood pressure only modestly. We therefore undertook a first-in-human HF proof of concept/safety study, evaluating the hemodynamic effects of short-term NaNO2 infusion. Methods and Results—Twenty-five patients with severe chronic HF were recruited. Eight received short-term (5 minutes) intravenous NaNO2 at 10 &mgr;g/kg/min and 17 received 50 &mgr;g/kg/min with measurement of cardiac hemodynamics. During infusion of 50 &mgr;g/kg/min, left ventricular stroke volume increased (from 43.22±21.5 to 51.84±23.6 mL; P=0.003), with marked falls in pulmonary vascular resistance (by 29%; P=0.03) and right atrial pressure (by 40%; P=0.007), but with only modest falls in mean arterial blood pressure (by 4 mm Hg; P=0.004). The increase in stroke volume correlated with the increase in estimated trans-septal gradient (=pulmonary capillary wedge pressure–right atrial pressure; r=0.67; P=0.003), suggesting relief of diastolic ventricular interaction as a contributory mechanism. Directionally similar effects were observed for the above hemodynamic parameters with 10 &mgr;g/kg/min; this was significant only for stroke volume, not for other parameters. Conclusions—This first-in-human HF efficacy/safety study demonstrates an attractive profile during short-term systemic NaNO2 infusion that may be beneficial in decompensated HF and warrants further evaluation with longer infusion regimens.
"It's a problem with the brain" : a discursive analysis of parents' constructions of ADHD

This thesis takes a discursive approach to the talk of parents of children with an ADHD diagnosis. It uses data from 2 focus groups, 10 individual interviews and 3 mother/father interviews. The thesis adopts a synthetic approach to discourse and draws on the analytic concepts associated with both conversation analysis and with discursive approaches more concerned with the wider social context. The concepts of interpretative repertoires and subject positions are used to argue that prevalent understandings of ADHD place parents of children with ADHD at the centre of a highly moralised debate. Specifically, the prevalent psychosocial repertoire is identified as aligning ADHD with ineffective parenting. The research explores how parents talk about their experiences of ADHD, and how, through discursive action parents construct their identities in relation to ADHD. It does this, firstly, by identifying and analysing the discursive resources parents deploy in their constructions of ADHD, and their accounts of having a child with ADHD; secondly, by considering the ways in which parents manage their moral positioning in relation to their children’s ADHD diagnosis; thirdly, by identifying the cultural discourses that mothers and fathers use in the formation of their identities as ‘good’ parents. Analysis suggests that parents attend to issues of responsibility and accountability in their constructions of ADHD. ADHD can be understood as a social category which is fluid, contradictory, and imbued with a moral discourse that is linked to competing subject positions. The thesis demonstrates that parenting identities are not fixed, but are fluid and flexible depending on what is at stake. By using different discursive resources, mothers and fathers construct distinct parenting identities. Significantly, these resources often make relevant gendered subject positions, such as the valorised/blameworthy mother and the disciplining, out-at-work father. However, overall, these distinct parenting identities are formulated to convey the idea of a morally adequate and balanced parenting team.
Surgical Femorocaval Bypass for Recalcitrant Iliofemoral Venous Occlusion to Endovascular Treatment

Patients with chronic occlusion of iliac veins may present with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe disability, including limb swelling, venous claudication, and ulceration. Endovascular treatment has emerged as first line of interventional therapy. Surgical venous–venous bypasses for the management of these patients in the era of endovascular therapy are rarely performed. These procedures are reserved only for patients with severe symptoms and long occlusive lesions that have failed previous endovascular interventions. We present a clinical scenario involving the use of femorocaval bypass to treat an iliofemoral occlusion recalcitrant to stenting, manifesting with severe lower extremity swelling and venous claudication. The surgical bypass resulted in significant improvement in the patient’s clinical status.