Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal degradation of deoxynivalenol during maize bread baking

The thermal degradation of deoxynivalenol (DON) was determined at isothermal baking conditions within the temperature range of 100–250°C, using a crust-like model, which was prepared with naturally contaminated maize flour. No degradation was observed at 100°C. For the temperatures of 150, 200 and 250°C, thermal degradation rate constants (k) were calculated and temperature dependence of DON degradation was observed by using Arrhenius equation. The degradation of DON obeyed Arrhenius law with a regression coefficient of 0.95. A classical bread baking operation was also performed at 250°C for 70 min and the rate of DON degradation in the bread was estimated by using the kinetic data derived from the model study. The crust and crumb temperatures recorded during bread baking were used to calculate the thermal degradation rate constants (k) and partial DON degradations at certain time intervals. Using these data, total degradation at the end of the entire baking process was predicted for both crust and crumb. This DON degradation was consistent with the experimental degradation data, confirming the accuracy of kinetic constants determined by means of the crust-like model.
Teaching Controversy in Moral Education: A Critique of the Epistemic Criterion

The question of what should count as a controversial issue poses a difficult problem for educational theorists and practitioners alike. The problem relates to two approaches that educators may take toward moral education. The first approach seeks to provide students with moral guidance and encourages students to endorse a substantive moral position; that is, to teach the matter as uncontroversial. The other approach seeks to pose the moral assessment of a question as open, an approach which has two consequences: it encourages students to consider various ways of answering the question, and (as much as possible) it also inhibits the teacher from influencing students’ conclusions as to what is the right answer. To approach moral education in this second way is to teach an issue as controversial.
Design and development of rubrics to improve assessment outcomes: A pilot study in a Master's level business program in India

Purpose – This paper seeks to discuss the characteristics that describe a rubric. It aims to propose a systematic method for developing curriculum wide rubrics and to discuss their potential utility for program quality assessment.Design/methodology/approach – Implementation of rubrics is a recent phenomenon in higher education. Prior research and theoretical issues related to rubric design and development are discussed. The proposed method for rubric development is illustrated by deriving generic analytic scoring rubrics for two assessment methods, namely projects and cases in a Master's level business program in India. Aspects related to the validity of the rubrics developed are investigated and results of reliability study conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) are reported.Findings – Upon testing, the rubrics were found to be reliable and valid grading tools. Results of inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability analyses illustrated that the rubrics supported standardization of the manne.
HIV Infection among Young People in Northwest Tanzania: The Role of Biological, Behavioural and Socio-Demographic Risk Factors

Background Young people are at high risk of HIV and developing appropriate prevention programmes requires an understanding of the risk factors for HIV in this age group. We investigated factors associated with HIV among participants aged 15–30 years in a 2007–8 cross-sectional survey nested within a community-randomised trial of the MEMA kwa Vijana intervention in 20 rural communities in northwest Tanzania. Methods We analysed data for 7259(53%) males and 6476(47%) females. Using a proximate-determinant conceptual framework and conditional logistic regression, we obtained sex-specific Odds Ratios (ORs) for the association of HIV infection with socio-demographic, knowledge, behavioural and biological factors. Results HSV-2 infection was strongly associated with HIV infection (females: adjOR 4.4, 95%CI 3.2–6.1; males: adjOR 4.2, 95%CI 2.8–6.2). Several socio-demographic factors (such as age, marital status and mobility), behavioural factors (condom use, number and type of sexual partnerships) and biological factors (blood transfusion, lifetime pregnancies, genital ulcers, Neisseria gonorrhoeae) were also associated with HIV infection. Among females, lifetime sexual partners (linear trend, p<0.001), ≥2 partners in the past year (adjOR 2.0, 95%CI 1.4–2.8), ≥2 new partners in the past year (adjOR 1.9 95%CI 1.2, 3.3) and concurrent partners in the past year (adjOR 1.6 95%CI 1.1, 2.4) were all associated with HIV infection. Conclusions Efforts must be intensified to find effective interventions to reduce HSV-2. Effective behavioural interventions focusing on reducing the number of sexual partnerships and risk behaviour within partnerships are also needed. An increase in risky sexual behaviour may occur following marriage dissolution or when a young woman travels outside of her community and interventions addressing the needs of these subgroups of vulnerable women may be important. Trial Registration ClinicalTrial.gov NCT00248469.
Deformations of Asymptotically Cylindrical Special Lagrangian Submanifolds with Moving Boundary

Given an asymptotically cylindrical special Lagrangian submanifold L in an asymptotically cylindrical Calabi-Yau 3-fold X, we determine conditions on a decay rate gamma which make the moduli space of (local) special Lagrangian deformations of L in X a smooth manifold and show that it has dimension equal to the dimension of the image of H^1_{cs}(L,R) in H^1(L,R) under the natural inclusion map.
Media influence on deviant behavior in middle school students

In recent years, there has been growing concern over the possible influence of aggressive and sexually-explicit media on children and teenagers (Gore, 1987). It is believed that graphic depictions of violence, disrespect of women, and the glamorization of drug use are fostering similar behavior in the school-aged population. This anti-social subject matter is presented in movies, on television (programs and music videos), the internet, in the lyrics of popular music, and in video games. A generation ago, families would not have tolerated the sex and violence presented to children. The questions remains, have the behavior problems of America’s youth increased over the past ten to twenty years? And is there a correlation between an increase in media presentations of sex and violence to children, and an increase in public tolerance or ignorance of graphic adult themes presented to children? This thesis addresses the possible effects of exposure to various forms of violent and anti-social media as a significant factor contributing to anti-social and disruptive behaviors in middle school students in the school setting. The thesis also provides an overview of other factors identified in a review of relevant literature. These factors include lack of familial support, poor self-esteem and external locus of control. In addition, the thesis describes a study conducted with middle school students who have varying disciplinary records. The results of this study indicate that negative media, as a single factor, does not appear to be sufficient to account for anti-social or disruptive behavior of these students at school.
Effect of Nerve Regeneration on Fracture Healing of Rat Tibia . Histological and Radiological Study

Injuries from road traffic crashes form a major public health problem. The resulting bone fractures are usually associated with nerve injuries in the form of nerve degeneration followed by regeneration. This regeneration process is expected to affect the amount and quality of the formed calluses. This study aims to investigate the effect of sciatic nerve crushing as a model for nerve regeneration on bone healing in rat tibial fracture. Forty five rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups (Fifteen each) after induction of tibial fracture and internal fixation. Sciatic nerve was kept intact in rats of group I, cut in group II and crushed in group III. The tibial fractures were examined histologically and radiologically. The amount of the bridging calluses was more evident in groups II and III after 2 weeks. Remodeling of the calluses was better in group III at 4 weeks. Our results suggests that deinnervation induced a large but irregular fracture callus and that regeneration showed faster and more regular healing. These results may be of significance to clinicians and researchers who are seeking to improve fracturehealing in patients with associated nerve injury as spinal cord trauma. [Wael M. Elsaed,Yasser M. Elbastawisy. Effect of Nerve Regeneration on Fracture Healing of Rat Tibia. Histological and Radiological Study Life Sci J 2013;10(1):1157-1164]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 178
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: a comparison of HIV-positive and -negative women

Although considerable information has accumulated in the last decade regarding rates of both vaginal colonization and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in HIV-positive women, gaps in our knowledge remain, particularly with regard to pathophysiology of clinical disease. Unfortunately, early and possibly premature conclusions were reached in the late 1980s which resulted in the widespread dissemination of information indicating that recurrent VVC (RVVC) was a manifestation of HIV infection and that women with RVVC should be tested for HIV. Unfortunately, subsequent data from cohort studies involving HIV-positive women failed to determine attack rates of symptomatic Candida vaginitis requiring therapy. Recent studies indicate that Candida vaginitis, even if more frequent in HIV infected women, is clinically similar to that experienced in HIV-negative women and does not appear to be of increased clinical severity. VVC in HIV-positive women can be treated by conventional methods including the use of maintenance suppressive antifungal therapy and most importantly RVVC in women is not in itself a sentinel of HIV infection. Ongoing concerns include vaginal acquisition of non-albicans Candida species and the development of antimycotic drug resistance in C. albicans vaginal isolates.
Take It or Leave It: (Non-)Take-Up Behavior of Social Assistance in Germany

Analyzing the under-consumption of benefits in the German means-tested Social Assistance program using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study we estimate a high non-take-up rate of more than 60 percent. We find distinct differences across population groups and significant impacts of factors such as stigma, application costs and social ties. Specifically, we show that the rate varies greatly depending on the determination of eligibility. Results pertaining to the amount of unclaimed benefits are qualitatively similar to those for the non-take-up rate. As expected, the proportion of outstanding benefits that is not claimed by eligible households is lower than the non-take-up rate because small entitlement amounts are more likely to remain unclaimed. In light of likely measurement errors in income and in our simulation of household needs, we provide a range of estimates yielding useful boundaries for the non-take-up rate. Basierend auf den Mikro-Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels untersuchen wir Determinanten der Nichtinanspruchnahme von Sozialhilfe in Deutschland. Die Schatzung einer Nichtinanspruchnahmequote ("Dunkelziffer") von uber 60 Prozent zeigt deutliche Unterschiede fur verschiedene Bevolkerungsgruppen und zudem signifikante Einflu e von Indikatoren zur Messung von Stigma, Kosten der Antragstellung und sozialen Bindungen. Resultate fur die Hohe der nicht in Anspruch genommenen Sozialhilfebetrage sind qualitativ ahnlich. Wie erwartet ist die Rate der nicht ausgezahlten Sozialhilfeleistungen jedoch geringer als im Falle der Nichtinanspruchnahmequote, da es eher geringe Sozialhilfebetrage sind, die nicht beantragt werden. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich, wie stark die Berechnung der Inanspruchnahmequote mit der Bestimmung der Inanspruchnahmeberechtigung variiert. Angesichts der hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit von Messfehlern sowohl in den faktisch erhobenen Einkommensdaten als auch bei der Simulation des Bedarfseinkommens, bieten wir eine Reihe von Schatzungswerten und somit nutzliche Sensitivitatsanalysen fur die Nichtinanspruchnahmequote an.
Full-text Automated Detection of Surgical Site Infections Secondary to Neurosurgery in Rennes, France

The surveillance of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) contributes to the management of risk in French hospitals. Manual identification of infections is costly, time-consuming and limits the promotion of preventive procedures by the dedicated teams. The introduction of alternative methods using automated detection strategies is promising to improve this surveillance. The present study describes an automated detection strategy for SSI in neurosurgery, based on textual analysis of medical reports stored in a clinical data warehouse. The method consists firstly, of enrichment and concept extraction from full-text reports using NOMINDEX, and secondly, text similarity measurement using a vector space model. The text detection was compared to the conventional strategy based on self-declaration and to the automated detection using the diagnosis-related group database. The text-mining approach showed the best detection accuracy, with recall and precision equal to 92% and 40% respectively, and confirmed the interest of reusing full-text medical reports to perform automated detection of SSI.
Valgus knee motion during landing in high school female and male basketball players.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to utilize three-dimensional kinematic (motion) analysis to determine whether gender differences existed in knee valgus kinematics in high school basketball athletes when performing a landing maneuver. The hypothesis of this study was that female athletes would demonstrate greater valgus knee motion (ligament dominance) and greater side-to-side (leg dominance) differences in valgus knee angle at landing. These differences in valgus knee motion may be indicative of decreased dynamic knee joint control in female athletes. METHODS Eighty-one high school basketball players, 47 female and 34 male, volunteered to participate in this study. Valgus knee motion and varus-valgus angles during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) were calculated for each subject. The DVJ maneuver consisted of dropping off of a box, landing and immediately performing a maximum vertical jump. The first landing phase was used for the analysis. RESULTS Female athletes landed with greater total valgus knee motion and a greater maximum valgus knee angle than male athletes. Female athletes had significant differences between their dominant and nondominant side in maximum valgus knee angle. CONCLUSION The absence of dynamic knee joint stability may be responsible for increased rates of knee injury in females but is not normally measured in athletes before participation. No method for accurate and practical screening and identification of athletes at increased risk of ACL injury is currently available to target those individuals that would benefit from neuromuscular training before sports participation. Prevention of female ACL injury from five times to equal the rate of males would allow tens of thousands of young females to avoid the potentially devastating effects of ACL injury on their athletic careers.
Cognitive and instructional processes in history and the social sciences

Contents: Preface. J.F. Voss, M. Carretero, Introduction. Part I: Cognitive Developmental Processes. A. Furnham, Young People's Understanding of Politics and Economics. A.E. Berti, Children's Understanding of the Concept of the State. J. Delval, Stages in the Child's Construction of Social Knowledge. J. Torney-Purta, Dimensions of Adolescents' Reasoning about Political and Historical Issues: Ontological Switches, Developmental Processes, and Situated Learning. J. Linaza, Discussion of Chapters 2-5: Cognitive Development and Representation Processes in the Understanding of Social and Historical Concepts. Part II: Teaching and Instructional Processes in History. G. Leinhardt, C. Stainton, S.M. Virji, E. Odoroff, Learning to Reason in History: Mindlessness to Mindfulness. G.W. McDiarmid, Understanding History for Teaching: A Study of the Historical Understanding of Prospective Teachers. O. Hallden, Constructing the Learning Task in History Instruction. C.L. Hahn, Controversial Issues in History Instruction. A. Rosa, Dicussion of Chapters 6-9: What Do People Consume History For? (If They Do). Learning History as a Process of Knowledge Consumption and Construction of Meaning. Part III: Learning from History and Social Sciences Texts. I.L. Beck, M.G. McKeown, Outcomes of History Instruction: Paste-Up Accounts. C.A. Perfetti, M.A. Britt, J-F. Rouet, M.C. Georgi, R.A. Mason, How Students Use Texts to Learn and Reason about Historical Uncertainty. S.S. Wineburg, J. Fournier, Contextualized Thinking in History. M.J. Rodrigo, Discussion of Chapters 10-12: Promoting Narrative Literacy and Historical Literacy. Part IV: Complex Processes in History and Social Sciences. J. Wertsch, Struggling with the Past: Some Dynamics of Historical Representation. B. von Borries, (Re-)Constructing History and Moral Judgment: On Relationships Between Interpretations of the Past and Perceptions of the Present. M. Carretero, L. Jacott, M. Limon, A. Lopez-Manjon, J.A. Leon, Historical Knowledge: Cognitive and Instructional Implications. D. Kuhn, M. Weinstock, R. Flaton, Historical Reasoning as Theory-Evidence Coordination. J.F. Voss, M. Carretero, J. Kennet, L.N. Silfies, The Collapse of the Soviet Union: A Case Study in Causal Reasoning. A. Riviere, Discussions of Chapters 13-17: The Cognitive Construction of History.
Outward Migration from Large Cities: Are Older Migrants in Nairobi ‘Returning’?

Circular and return migrations between rural and urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa have persisted over time, driven by a combination of socio-cultural, economic, and structural forces. Much of the literature on migration in Africa focuses on labour migration. However, old age also marks a stage in the life course often associated with migration. This paper examined the determinants of out-migration among older people living in the slums of Nairobi. The paper used a prospective population study of 2,270 older people, followed up over a 3-year period. The annual rate of out-migration was 4%. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to model the effect of ties to place and to socio-economic capital on propensity to out-migrate. The presence of adult children outside the city was a significant pull factor for both men and women. The propensity to out-migrate decreased with length of residence in the slum. Attachment to the slum through participation in voluntary communal activities was also negatively associated with out-migration, particularly for men. The poorest older people were more likely to leave the city, highlighting the effect of deprivation in triggering return migration. Looking at future migration intentions, only one in five older people reported that they intend to relocate from the slums, highlighting that, in the future, there will be a growing number of people ageing ‘in situ’ in poor urban areas. This has implications for policy makers concerned with the provision of services to vulnerable older people who may be unable to engage in livelihood strategies as health deteriorates with age.
Context-dependent social evaluation in 4.5-month-old human infants: the role of domain-general versus domain-specific processes in the development of social evaluation

The ability to distinguish friends from foes allows humans to engage in mutually beneficial cooperative acts while avoiding the costs associated with cooperating with the wrong individuals. One way to do so effectively is to observe how unknown individuals behave toward third parties, and to selectively cooperate with those who help others while avoiding those who harm others. Recent research suggests that a preference for prosocial over antisocial individuals emerges by the time that infants are 3 months of age, and by 8 months, but not before, infants evaluate others’ actions in context: they prefer those who harm, rather than help, individuals who have previously harmed others. Currently there are at least two reasons for younger infants’ failure to show context-dependent social evaluations. First, this failure may reflect fundamental change in infants’ social evaluation system over the first year of life, in which infants first prefer helpers in any situation and only later evaluate prosocial and antisocial actors in context. On the other hand, it is possible that this developmental change actually reflects domain-general limitations of younger infants, such as limited memory and processing capacities. To distinguish between these possibilities, 4.5-month-olds in the current studies were habituated, rather than familiarized as in previous work, to one individual helping and another harming a third party, greatly increasing infants’ exposure to the characters’ actions. Following habituation, 4.5-month-olds displayed context-dependent social preferences, selectively reaching for helpers of prosocial and hinderers of antisocial others. Such results suggest that younger infants’ failure to display global social evaluation in previous work reflected domain-general rather than domain-specific limitations.
Manipulation of carriers in graphene using an on-chip acoustic wave device

In this paper, we fabricated a hybrid on-chip acoustic and field-effect device to investigate the acoustic carrier transportation in graphene. The device fabrication exploited aluminum nitride (AlN)-based surface micromachining process on a silicon wafer, facilitating an integration of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET). The SAW device induced an acousto-electric (AE) current in graphene, which scales linearly with the input power and remains essentially constant when subtracting the offset current at different DC biases. At a constant DC bias, the AE current can be modulated by the gate voltage, due to the change of the carrier mobility in graphene. The integrated device provides a powerful tool to understand the AE current in graphene, and it opens an avenue to explore the properties of diverse nanomaterials.