Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and mapping of a novel human serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-like gene, SGKL, to chromosome 8q12.3-q13.1.

Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase (sgk) belongs to a newly emerging subfamily of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Although human SGK shares 98% amino acid identity with rat sgk, their expression levels are regulated differently, which indicates the existence of other SGKs in humans. In this paper, we reported the cloning of human SGKL, which encodes a protein sharing 67 and 66% amino acid identity with rat sgk and human SGK, respectively. A 4.4-kb transcript of human SGKL was detected in 16 human tissues examined and was found to be most abundant in lung. By radiation hybrid mapping, the SGKL gene was located to human chromosome 8q12. 1-q13.1 between markers D8S510 and D8S1797.
A novel bacterial gene-finding system with improved accuracy in locating start codons.

Although a number of bacterial gene-finding programs have been developed, there is still room for improvement especially in the area of correctly detecting translation start sites. We developed a novel bacterial gene-finding program named GeneHacker Plus. Like many others, it is based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) with duration. However, it is a 'local' model in the sense that the model starts from the translation control region and ends at the stop codon of a coding region. Multiple coding regions are identified as partial paths, like local alignments in the Smith-Waterman algorithm, regardless of how they overlap. Moreover, our semiautomatic procedure for constructing the model of the translation control region allows the inclusion of an additional conserved element as well as the ribosome-binding site. We confirmed that GeneHacker Plus is one of the most accurate programs in terms of both finding potential coding regions and precisely locating translation start sites. GeneHacker Plus is also equipped with an option where the results from database homology searches are directly embedded in the HMM. Although this option does not raise the overall predictability, labeled similarity information can be of practical use. GeneHacker Plus can be accessed freely at http://elmo.ims. u-tokyo.ac. jp/GH/.
Performance analysis of maximum ratio transmission with imperfect channel estimation

Maximal ratio transmission (MRT) is designed assuming the availability of perfect channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and the receiver. However, perfect CSI is not available in practice. This paper investigates the impact of Gaussian estimation errors on the MRT performance in independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. We derive the cumulative distribution function (cdf), the probability density function (pdf) and the moment generating function (mgf) of the MRT output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with imperfect CSI, enabling the evaluation of some useful performance metrics such as the average error rate and the outage performance. Numerical and simulation results are provided to show the impact of imperfect CSI on the MRT performance.
X-ray reflection by photoionized accretion discs

We present the results of reflection calculations that treat the relevant physics with a minimum of assumptions. The temperature and ionization structure of the top five Thomson depths of an illuminated disc are calculated while also demanding that the atmosphere is in hydrostatic equilibrium. In agreement with Nayakshin, Kazanas & Kallman, we find that there is a rapid transition from hot to cold material in the illuminated layer. However, the transition is usually not sharp so that often we find a small but finite region in Thomson depth where there is a stable temperature zone at T \sim 2 x 10^{6} K due to photoelectric heating from recombining ions. As a result, the reflection spectra often exhibit strong features from partially-ionized material, including helium-like Fe K lines and edges. We find that due to the highly ionized features in the spectra these models have difficulty correctly parameterizing the new reflection spectra. There is evidence for a spurious $R-\Gamma$ correlation in the ASCA energy range, where $R$ is the reflection fraction for a power-law continuum of index $\Gamma$, confirming the suggestion of Done & Nayakshin that at least part of the R-Gamma correlation reported by Zdziarski, Lubinski & Smith for Seyfert galaxies and X-ray binaries might be due to ionization effects. Although many of the reflection spectra show strong ionized features, these are not typically observed in most Seyfert and quasar X-ray spectra.
Predicting Trabecular Bone Stiffness from Clinical Cone-Beam CT and HR-pQCT Data; an In Vitro Study Using Finite Element Analysis

Stiffness and shear moduli of human trabecular bone may be analyzed in vivo by finite element (FE) analysis from image data obtained by clinical imaging equipment such as high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). In clinical practice today, this is done in the peripheral skeleton like the wrist and heel. In this cadaveric bone study, fourteen bone specimens from the wrist were imaged by two dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices and one HR-pQCT device as well as by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Histomorphometric measurements from micro-CT data were used as gold standard. The image processing was done with an in-house developed code based on the automated region growing (ARG) algorithm. Evaluation of how well stiffness (Young’s modulus E3) and minimum shear modulus from the 12, 13, or 23 could be predicted from the CBCT and HR-pQCT imaging data was studied and compared to FE analysis from the micro-CT imaging data. Strong correlations were found between the clinical machines and micro-CT regarding trabecular bone structure parameters, such as bone volume over total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number and trabecular nodes (varying from 0.79 to 0.96). The two CBCT devices as well as the HR-pQCT showed the ability to predict stiffness and shear, with adjusted R2-values between 0.78 and 0.92, based on data derived through our in-house developed code based on the ARG algorithm. These findings indicate that clinically used CBCT may be a feasible method for clinical studies of bone structure and mechanical properties in future osteoporosis research.
Trademark Protection or Protectionism?

This paper explores the extent to which discrimination against foreign applicants in the trademark registration process can be used as a"behind-the-border"barrier to imports. Prima-facie evidence shows that in some developing countries the ratio of trademark registration to applications is much higher for national than for foreign applicants, which is consistent with the notion of discrimination against foreign firms. The authors develop a simple model that suggests that incentives to discriminate are stronger when foreign firms produce products that are close in quality to the product produced by domestic firms. This hypothesis is then tested and empirically confirmed in three of the four countries in their sample, suggesting that discretion and discrimination in the trademark registration process can sometimes be used as a protectionist tool.
Lewis(y) antigen promotes the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer by stimulating MUC1 expression

MUC1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and is overexpressed in various epithelial tumor tissues. Some researchers have demonstrated that the glycosylation status of MUC1 can affect MUC1-mediated tumor growth and cell differentiation. In our previous study, we proved that the abilities of cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion and metastasis, and drug resistance were enhanced in ovarian cancer cells stably expressing Lewis(y). Therefore, we hypothesized that Lewis(y) antigen may play a central role in regulating MUC1 expression, and MUC1-mediated cell growth and differentiation may be closely associated with Lewis(y) antigen. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MUC1 expression and Lewis(y) antigen levels in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissue samples. A series of techniques, including RT-qPCR, western blot anlaysis, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and double-labeling immunofluorescence were applied to detect the expression of Lewis(y) and MUC1. In malignant epithelial ovarian tumors, the positive expression rates of Lewis(y) antigen and MUC1 were 88.33 and 86.67%, respectively, which were markedly higher than those in borderline (60.00 and 53.33%, P<0.05), benign (33.33 and 30%, P<0.01) and normal (0 and 25%, P<0.01) ovarian samples. There was no correlation between the positive expression rates of Lewis(y) or MUC1 and clinicopathological parameters in ovarian cancers (P>0.05). The expression levels of Lewis(y) and MUC1 correlated with the clinical FIGO stage (P<0.05). Both MUC1 and Lewis(y) were highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues, and their expression levels were positively correlated (P<0.01). In α1,2-fucosyltransferase (α1,2-FT)-transfected cells, the gene and protein expression levels of MUC1 were significantly upregulated compared with the cells that did not overexpress α1,2-FT (P<0.05). The ratio of Lewis(y) immunoprecipitated with MUC1 to total MUC1 increased 1.55-fold in α1,2-FT-overexpressing cells (P<0.05). The overexpression of Lewis(y) resulted in the upregulation of MUC1. On the whole, our data indicate that both MUC1 and Lewis(y) are associated with the occurrence and development of ovarian cancers.
A single cdk inhibitor, p27Xic1, functions beyond cell cycle regulation to promote muscle differentiation in Xenopus

The molecular basis of the antagonism between cellular proliferation and differentiation is poorly understood. We have investigated the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Xic1 in the co-ordination of cell cycle exit and differentiation during early myogenesis in vivo using Xenopus embryos. In this report, we demonstrate that p27Xic1 is highly expressed in the developing myotome, that ablation of p27Xic1 protein prevents muscle differentiation and that p27Xic1 synergizes with the transcription factor MyoD to promote muscle differentiation. Furthermore, the ability of p27Xic1 to promote myogenesis resides in an N-terminal domain and is separable from its cell cycle regulation function. This data demonstrates that a single cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Xic1, controls in vivo muscle differentiation in Xenopus and that regulation of this process by p27Xic1 requires activities beyond cell cycle inhibition.
FISCAL DEFICITS AND STOCK PRICES IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

This study investigates the effects of fiscal deficits on stock prices in Nigeria, utilizing vector auto-regression and error-correction mechanisms (ECM) techniques with annual time series data spanning 1984-2010. The results reveal, amongst others, that fiscal deficit is negatively related to stock prices. Therefore, to maintain a robust stock market, the authorities are expected to de-emphasize monetary financing of fiscal deficits in preference for bond-financing, since the former not only promotes the problems of inflation in the economy, but also depresses stock prices as well. Such efforts should be complemented by mounting more vigorous awareness campaigns to help sensitize and attract more investors into the stock market.
Towards Prognostics of Electrolytic Capacitors

A remaining useful life prediction algorithm and degradation model for electrolytic capacitors is presented. Electrolytic capacitors are used in several applications ranging from power supplies on critical avionics equipment to power drivers for electro-mechanical actuators. These devices are known for their low reliability and given their criticality in electronics subsystems they are a good candidate for component level prognostics and health management research. Prognostics provides a way to assess remaining useful life of a capacitor based on its current state of health and its anticipated future usage and operational conditions. In particular, experimental results of an accelerated aging test under electrical stresses are presented. The capacitors used in this test form the basis for a remaining life prediction algorithm where a model of the degradation process is suggested. This preliminary remaining life prediction algorithm serves as a demonstration of how prognostics methodologies could be used for electrolytic capacitors.
Decade-long trends in the timeliness of receipt of a primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine decade-long trends (2001–2011) in, and factors associated with, door-to-balloon time within 90 minutes of hospital presentation among patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who received a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Residents of central Massachusetts hospitalized with STEMI who received a primary PCI at two major PCI-capable medical centers in central Massachusetts on a biennial basis between 2001 and 2011 comprised the study population (n=629). Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with failing to receive a primary PCI within 90 minutes after emergency department (ED) arrival. Results The average age of this patient population was 61.9 years; 30.5% were women, and 91.7% were White. During the years under study, 50.9% of patients received a primary PCI within 90 minutes of ED arrival; this proportion increased from 2001/2003 (17.2%) to 2009/2011 (70.5%) (P<0.001). Having previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery, arriving at the ED by car/walk-in and during off-hours were significantly associated with a higher risk of failing to receive a primary PCI within 90 minutes of ED arrival. Conclusion The likelihood of receiving a timely primary PCI in residents of central Massachusetts hospitalized with STEMI at the major teaching/community medical centers increased dramatically during the years under study. Several groups were identified for purposes of heightened surveillance and intervention efforts to reduce the likelihood of failing to receive a timely primary PCI among patients acutely diagnosed with STEMI.
Effects of horizontal whole-body vibration and standing posture on activity interference

Standing people are exposed to whole-body vibration in many environments. This paper investigates the effects of horizontal whole-body vibration and standing posture on task performance. Sixteen participants were exposed to random vibration (up to 4 Hz) whilst performing a timed pegboard task in two standing postures. Objective and subjective indicators of performance were used. Time taken to complete the task increased progressively with increases in vibration magnitude. The fore-and-aft posture generally showed greater performance decrements and postural interruptions (>1.0 ms−2 root mean square) than the lateral. For both postures, performance was better during y-axis vibration than during x-axis vibration. Subjective ratings showed similar trends to time data. Impairments due to dual axis exposure were well predicted using root sum of squares calculations based on single axis components. These results indicate that best performance for those standing in moving environments will be achieved if individuals adopt a lateral posture with the most severe vibration in the y-axis. Statement of Relevance: People have a need to work during transportation, either working for the transport provider or as a passenger. All modes of transport result in travellers being exposed to horizontal motion. This study demonstrates that task disturbance is affected by the orientation of the standing person to the vibration and, therefore, vehicle layouts can be optimised.
Accelerated Multigrid Convergence and High-Reynolds Recirculating Flows

Techniques are developed for accelerating multigrid convergence in general, and for advection-diffusion and incompressible flow problems with small viscosity in particular. It is shown by analysis that the slowing down of convergence is due mainly to poor coarse-grid correction to certain error components, and means for dealing with this problem are suggested, analyzed, and tested by numerical experiments, showing very significant improvement in convergence rates at little cost.
Review of Medications Used in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition. The goal of therapy is to control pain, preserve joint range of motion and function, minimize systemic complications, and assist in normal growth and development. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of arthritis have expanded the treatment of this chronic condition. Many medications including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologic agents, and cytotoxic agents are available for treating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Emergency medicine physicians should be familiar with the different classes and adverse effects of these drugs.
Rural Outmigration, Natural Capital, and Livelihoods in South Africa.

Rural households across the globe engage in both migration and natural resource use as components of livelihood strategies designed to meet household needs. Yet, migration scholars have only recently begun to regularly integrate environmental factors into empirical modelling efforts. To examine the migration-environment association in rural South Africa, we use vegetation measures derived from satellite imagery combined with detailed demographic data from over 9000 households at the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. Results reveal that household-level temporary migration is associated with higher levels of local natural capital, although no such association exists for permanent migration. Further, more advantaged households exhibit a stronger association between migration-environment, in-line with the 'environmental capital' hypothesis, suggesting that natural resource availability can facilitate household income diversification. We argue that a focus on migration's environmental aspects is especially timely in the contemporary era of climate change and that natural capital availability and variability represent critical pieces of the empirical migration puzzle, especially regarding cyclical livelihood migration.
Model-Based Diagnosis using Causal Networks

This paper rests on several contributions. First, we introduce the notion of a consequence, which is a boolean expression that characterizes consistency-based diagnoses. Second, we introduce a basic algorithm for computing consequences when the system description is structured using a causal network. We show that if the causal network has no undirected cycles, then a consequence has a linear size and can be computed in linear time. Finally, we show that diagnoses characterized by a consequence and meeting some preference criterion can be extracted from the consequence in time linear in its size. A dual set of results is provided for abductive diagnosis.
Binary Linear Codes with Optimal Scaling and Quasi-Linear Complexity

We present the first family of binary codes that attains optimal scaling and quasi-linear complexity, at least for the binary erasure channel (BEC). In other words, for any fixed $\delta > 0$, we provide codes that ensure reliable communication at rates within $\varepsilon > 0$ of the Shannon capacity with block length $n=O(1/\varepsilon^{2+\delta})$, construction complexity $\Theta(n)$, and encoding/decoding complexity $\Theta(n\log n)$. Furthermore, this scaling between the gap to capacity and the block length is optimal in an information-theoretic sense. Our proof is based on the construction and analysis of binary polar codes obtained from large kernels. It was recently shown that, for all binary-input symmetric memoryless channels, conventional polar codes (based on a $2\times 2$ kernel) allow reliable communication at rates within $\varepsilon > 0$ of the Shannon capacity with block length, construction, encoding and decoding complexity all bounded by a polynomial in $1/\varepsilon$. In particular, this means that the block length $n$ scales as $O(1/\varepsilon^{\mu})$, where $\mu$ is referred to as the scaling exponent. It is furthermore known that the optimal scaling exponent is $\mu=2$, and it is achieved by random linear codes. However, for general channels, the decoding complexity of random linear codes is exponential in the block length. As far as conventional polar codes, their scaling exponent depends on the channel, and for the BEC it is given by $\mu=3.63$. Our main contribution is a rigorous proof of the following result: there exist $\ell\times\ell$ binary kernels, such that polar codes constructed from these kernels achieve scaling exponent $\mu(\ell)$ that tends to the optimal value of $2$ as $\ell$ grows. The resulting binary codes also achieve construction complexity $\Theta(n)$ and encoding/decoding complexity $\Theta(n\log n)$.
Exploring X-ray and radio emission of type 1 AGN up to z ~ 2.3

Context. X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is dominated by the accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The radio luminosity, however, has not such a clear origin except in the most powerful sources where jets are evident. The origin (and even the very existence) of the local bi-modal distribution in radio-loudness is also a debated issue. Aims. By analysing X-ray, optical and radio properties of a large sample of type 1 AGN and quasars (QSOs) up to z > 2, where the bulk of this population resides, we aim to explore the interplay between radio and X-ray emission in AGN, in order to further our knowledge on the origin of radio emission, and its relation to accretion. Methods. We analyse a large (∼800 sources) sample of type 1 AGN and QSOs selected from the 2XMMi XMM-Newton X-ray source catalogue, cross-correlated with the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic catalogue, covering a redshift range from z ∼ 0. 3t oz ∼ 2.3. Supermassive black hole masses are estimated from the Mg ii emission line, bolometric luminosities from the X-ray data, and radio emission or upper limits from the FIRST catalogue. Results. Most of the sources accrete close to the Eddington limit and the distribution in radio-loudness does not appear to have a bimodal behaviour. We confirm that radio-loud AGN are also X-ray loud, with an X-ray-to-optical ratio up to twice that of radio-quiet objects, even excluding the most extreme strongly jetted sources. By analysing complementary radio-selected control samples, we find evidence that these conclusions are not an effect of the X-ray selection, but are likely a property of the dominant QSO population. Conclusions. Our findings are best interpreted in a context where radio emission in AGN, with the exception of a minority of beamed sources, arises from very close to the accretion disk and is therefore heavily linked to X-ray emission. We also speculate that the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy might either be an evolutionary effect that developed well after the QSO peak epoch, or an effect of incompleteness in small samples.