Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

This paper examines the external effect of energy production on newborn health using a recent strike affecting oil refineries in France, in October 2010, as a natural experiment. First, we show that the temporary reduction in refining lead to a significant reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Second, this shock also significantly increased birth weight and gestational age of newborns, particularly for those exposed to the strike during the third trimester of pregnancy. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that a 1 unit decline in SO2 leads to a 195 million euro increase in lifetime earnings per birth cohort. This externality from oil production should be an important part of policy discussions surrounding the production of energy. 1 Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne Paris School of Economics CES, Maison des sciences Economiques, 106 112 boulevard de l’hôpital, 75647 Paris cedex 13, France. Email: emmanuelle.lavaine@univ-paris1.fr 2 Department of health Policy and Management Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, 600 W. 168th Street, 6th floor, New York NY 10032. Email: mn2191@columbia.edu
DENSE CORE FORMATION IN SUPERSONIC TURBULENT CONVERGING FLOWS

We use numerical hydrodynamic simulations to investigate prestellar core formation in the dynamic environment of giant molecular clouds, focusing on planar post-shock layers produced by colliding turbulent flows. A key goal is to test how core evolution and properties depend on the velocity dispersion in the parent cloud; our simulation suite consists of 180 models with inflow Mach numbers . At all Mach numbers, our models show that turbulence and self-gravity collect gas within post-shock regions into filaments at the same time as overdense areas within these filaments condense into cores. This morphology, together with the subsonic velocities we find inside cores, is similar to observations. We extend previous results showing that core collapse develops in an “outside-in” manner, with density and velocity approaching the Larson–Penston asymptotic solution. The time for the first core to collapse depends on Mach number as , for ρ0 the mean pre-shock density, consistent with analytic estimates. Core building takes 10 times as long as core collapse, which lasts a few ×105 yr, consistent with observed prestellar core lifetimes. Core shapes change from oblate to prolate as they evolve. To define cores, we use isosurfaces of the gravitational potential. We compare to cores defined using the potential computed from projected surface density, finding good agreement for core masses and sizes; this offers a new way to identify cores in observed maps. Cores with masses varying by three orders of magnitude (∼0.05–50 M☉) are identified in our high- simulations, with a much smaller mass range for models having low . We halt each simulation when the first core collapses; at that point, only the more massive cores in each model are gravitationally bound, with Eth + Eg < 0. Stability analysis of post-shock layers predicts that the first core to collapse will have mass M ∝ v−1/2ρ−1/20T7/4, and that the minimum mass for cores formed at late times will have M ∝ v−1ρ−1/20T2, with T being the temperature. From our simulations, the median mass lies between these two relations. At the time we halt the simulations, the M versus v relation is shallower for bound cores than unbound cores; with further evolution the small cores may evolve to become bound, steeping the M versus v relation.
Dictionaries for learners of English

The Department of Lexicography and Lexicology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has done extensive research on dictionary use in the context of language teaching and learning. The department forms part of the Faculty of English, which is the largest institution in continental Europe educating teachers of English at the B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. levels. Therefore, it is only natural that the language-teaching potential of dictionaries is the main focus of the studies undertaken in the Department.
Minimally Invasive Radionuclide-Guided Parathyroidectomy Using 99mTc-Sestamibi in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Single-Institution Experience

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy and gamma probe localization of parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and establish radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy at Hussain Makki Al Jumma Center for Specialized Surgery, Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: Twelve patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (mean age: 48 ± 14 years; median age: 46 years; age range: 29–68 years) were evaluated. The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was established by elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. All patients had a well-defined parathyroid lesion on previous standard 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy with or without ultrasound study. All had a normal thyroid gland, no history of familial hyperparathyroidism or multiple endocrine neoplasia nor any history of previous neck irradiation. On the day of surgery, patients were injected with 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99mTc -sestamibi followed by a half-hour-delayed single standard pinhole view of the neck. A skin marker was placed on the basis of maximum count intensity during gamma probe localization. Patients were then sent for radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Results: The preoperative localization of the affected gland was successful in all cases using a gamma probe and 99mTc -sestamibi scintigraphy. The pathological parathyroid tissue was localized and successfully removed with the gamma probe. The histopathological diagnosis was parathyroid adenoma in 11 cases and hyperplasia in the remaining one. All patients remained disease and symptom free at 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our initial experience with intraoperative use of a gamma probe to carry out minimally invasive parathyroidectomy was a useful, easy and safe procedure for treating patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Quick and Autonomous Platoon Maintenance in Vehicle Dynamics For Distributed Vehicle Platoon Networks

Platoon systems, as a type of adaptive cruise control systems,will play a significant role to improve travel experience androadway safety. The stability of a platoon system is crucialso that each vehicle maintains a safety distance from itsproceeding vehicle and can take necessary actions to avoidcollisions. However, current centralized platoon maintenancemethod cannot meet this requirement. We suggest to use adecentralized platoon maintenance method, in which eachvehicle communicates with its neighbor vehicles and self-determines its own velocity. However, a vehicle needs toknow its distance from its preceding vehicle to determineits velocity, which is unavailable in vehicle communicationdisconnection caused by vehicle dynamics (i.e., node joinsand departures). Thus, a formidable challenge is: how torecover the platoon quickly in vehicle dynamics even when thedistance information is unavailable? To handle this challenge,we first profile a succeeding vehicle’s velocity to minimizethe time to recover the connectivity hole with its precedingvehicle and find that the profiles are almost the same at thebeginning regardless of its current velocity and distance to itspreceding vehicle. Accordingly, we devise a strategy, in whicha succeeding vehicle uses its stored common velocity profilewhen it is disconnected from its preceding vehicle and thenadjusts its velocity once the connection is built. Experimentalresults from simulation show the efficiency and effectivenessof our decentralized platoon maintenance method.
Outcomes and hospital costs associated with the Norwood operation: beyond morbidity and mortality

Abstract Background Although much is known about morbidity and mortality, there are limited data focussing on the financial aspect of the Norwood operation. Our objective is to characterise the hospitalisation and detail the hospital costs. Methods We retrospectively studied 86 newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent Norwood palliation between 2008 and 2012. Clinical and financial data were collected. Financial data have been reported for 2011–2012. Results At surgery, median age and weight of the patients were 4 days (range 1–13) and 3 kg (range 2–4.8), respectively. The median time from admission to surgery was 4 days (range 1–10), with the postoperative ICU stay and total length of stay at the hospital being 10 days (range 4–135) and 16 days (range 5–136), respectively. Discharge mortality was 14/86 (16%) patients. For patients operated on between 2011 and 2012 (n=40), median hospital costs, charges, and collections per patient were $117,021, $433,054, and $198,453, respectively, and mean hospital costs, charges, and collections per patient were $322,765, $1,109,500, and $511,271, respectively. A breakdown of total hospital costs (direct and indirect) by department showed that the top four areas of resource utilisation (excluding physician fees) were as follows: the cardiac ICU (35%), laboratory (12%), pharmacy (12%), and operating room (7%). Interestingly, point-of-care laboratory evaluations accounted for almost half of the laboratory total (5%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, although only utilised in eight patients between 2011 and 2012, accounted for 7% of utilisation.General radiology only accounted for 2%, despite numerous radiographs. Conclusions Limited data are available that detail the hospitalisation and costs associated with the Norwood operation. We hope that this analysis will identify areas for quality and value improvement from both system and patient perspectives.
Data Mining Techniques Applied to Hydrogen Lactose Breath Test

In this work, we present the results of applying data mining techniques to hydrogen breath test data. Disposal of H2 gas is of utmost relevance to maintain efficient microbial fermentation processes. Objectives Analyze a set of data of hydrogen breath tests by use of data mining tools. Identify new patterns of H2 production. Methods Hydrogen breath tests data sets as well as k-means clustering as the data mining technique to a dataset of 2571 patients. Results Six different patterns have been extracted upon analysis of the hydrogen breath test data. We have also shown the relevance of each of the samples taken throughout the test. Conclusions Analysis of the hydrogen breath test data sets using data mining techniques has identified new patterns of hydrogen generation upon lactose absorption. We can see the potential of application of data mining techniques to clinical data sets. These results offer promising data for future research on the relations between gut microbiota produced hydrogen and its link to clinical symptoms.
Reliability of RT3 accelerometers among overweight and obese adults.

PURPOSE Accurate and reliable measurement of physical activity plays an important role in assessing effective lifestyle interventions for obesity. This study examined reliability of accelerometer-based estimates of physical activity levels of overweight and obese adults before and after a lifestyle weight loss program. METHODS Participants were overweight and obese (body mass index = 25-45 kg x m) members (n = 1592; 67% female, 42% African American) of the multicenter weight loss maintenance trial. They wore RT3 accelerometers during waking hours for 7 d at baseline and after a 6-month weight loss intervention that included diet and physical activity recommendations. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and MVPA occurring in bouts >or=10 min (bout MVPA) were assessed. RESULTS At baseline, wear time minimums of 10 and 6 h.d resulted in similar average minutes per day of MVPA (18.3 and 18.0 min) and MVPA bout minutes per day (6.9 and 6.7 min). Similar wear times occurred after the weight loss intervention for MVPA (27.0 and 26.8 min) and bout MVPA (15.1 and 15.0 min). Reliability measurements by intraclass correlation (ICC) were larger for 4 versus 2 d x wk minimum wear time for both MVPA and bout MVPA (4-d ICC = 0.27-0.44 and 2-d ICC = 0.19-0.38), but there was little increase in ICC comparing 4 (ICC = 0.27-0.44) and 7 d x wk (ICC = 0.30-0.46). CONCLUSIONS Longer wear time requirements did not result in significant increases in reliability. Using 4 d of data with >or=6 h x d of wear time optimized the balance between ICC and participant burden in overweight and obese adults before and after a weight loss intervention. Future investigations using accelerometers to estimate MVPA in overweight and obese samples can consider requiring less monitor wear time.
Quick diagnosis units--an effective alternative to hospitalization for diagnostic workup: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION This era of healthcare reform emphasizes improving value of care. Inpatient admissions for diagnostic evaluation put economic pressure on an already strained healthcare system. We conducted a systematic review of effectiveness of quick diagnosis units (QDUs), an established outpatient model for early diagnostic workups in Europe. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies that focused on implementation of quick/rapid diagnosis units, with relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords. Of 2047 studies, we selected 13 for full-text screening and bibliography review. Of these, 5 studies included at least 2 primary outcomes of interest and were included in our review. These units functioned as outpatient clinics, staffed by internists, nurses, and clerical staff, with expedited scheduling of outpatient diagnostic tests. Our primary outcome measures were final diagnosis, the mean time to final diagnosis, inpatient bed-days saved per patient, and costs saved per patient. We also studied discharge disposition, care preferences, and safety data. RESULTS About 18% to 30% of patients were diagnosed with malignancy, with an average time to diagnosis of 6 to 11 days. Inpatient bed-days saved per patient ranged from 4.5 to 7. Savings from fixed costs of hospitalization ranged from $2336(€1764) to $3304(€2514) for each patient enrolled in the protocol. The QDU model was preferred by 88% of patients, and patient satisfaction rates were 95% to 97%. CONCLUSIONS QDUs seem an effective and cost-saving alternative to inpatient hospitalization, and appear to be a safe approach for diagnostic workup of potentially severe diseases in select patient populations, although there are limited safety data available.
Antibody testing in Lyme disease. A comparison of results in four laboratories.

To evaluate the interlaboratory and intralaboratory agreement in the performance of Lyme disease serological testing, we sent serum specimens from 132 outdoor workers in New Jersey to as many as four independent laboratories. These included one state department of health laboratory, one large commercial laboratory, and two research laboratories. The measurement of agreement employed, the kappa statistic, ranged from . 45 to . 53 among the four laboratories and from . 50 to . 54 within the commercial laboratory. These values represent low levels of agreement. The data suggest that Lyme disease serological testing procedures should be standardized so that Lyme disease test results are more comparable between laboratories.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in UK Military Personnel Returning From Afghanistan and Iraq: Cohort and Cross-sectional Analyses

Objectives:To assess (a) the prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in UK military personnel deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan, (b) the risk factors associated with mTBI, and (c) the association between mTBI and subsequent postconcussion symptoms (PCS). Participants:A total of 4620 personnel deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan who completed a questionnaire between 2007 and 2009, of whom 2333 were also studied in 2005, participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures:Mild traumatic brain injury during deployment, as identified using a modified version of the Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen questionnaire; symptoms associated with PCS in the month before questionnaire completion. Results:The prevalence of mTBI was 4.4%, and the prevalence in those with a combat role was 9.5%. Having an mTBI was associated with current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–11.4), alcohol misuse (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4–3.7), and multiple physical symptoms (AOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.2). Only 3 of 9 symptoms remained associated with mTBI after adjustment. Psychological distress and alcohol misuse recorded before deployment were associated with subsequent mTBI. Conclusions:The prevalence of mTBI in UK military is lower than that in the US military. Symptoms of current posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol misuse are associated with mTBI. Symptoms of mental disorder predated occurrence of mTBI. The majority PCS were not associated with mTBI.
Service Convenience and Relational Exchange in Electronic Mediated Environment: An Empirical Investigation

Academic research reflects an increasing concern that conventional knowledge on services management such as location strategy may not adequately inform management on crafting an ITdriven service strategy to succeed in the emerging electronic mediated environment. The focus of this study is to examine, from the consumer perspective, how service convenience affects the long term relational exchange in the electronic mediated environment (EME). Service convenience has been conceptualized as a second order construct with six convenience dimensions reflecting the process of online service consumption. An analytical framework has been developed and tested to validate the comprehensive framework of service convenience and its antecedents and consequences in the electronic mediated environment leading to a long-term exchange relationship. Analysis of data from 374 respondents revealed that service convenience is indeed a multidimensional concept and six convenience dimensions equally contribute to online consumers’ overall perceptions of service convenience. Service convenience was also found to serve as an important mediating variable between its antecedents and consequents. This study thus contributes to the development of the service convenience construct in the electronic mediated environment and also informs firms in developing an integrated online convenience strategy to meet customer requirements and expectations for long term exchange relationship building. Suggestions for future research and implications are discussed.
Innervated myotendinous cylinders in human extraocular muscles.

PURPOSE To analyze palisade endings and their end organs, the so-called innervated myotendinous cylinders (IMCs), of human extraocular muscle (EOM) in more detail and to clarify with the help of double-fluorescent labeling and electron microscopy whether terminals in IMCs are sensory, serving proprioception. METHODS EOMs obtained from a donated cadaver (66 years) and distal parts of EOMs from multiorgan donors (35, 53 years) were processed for double-fluorescent labeling. Antibodies against the protein gene product 9.5 and alpha-bungarotoxin labeling were used on cryostat sections of distal myotendons. EOMs from multiorgan donors (2, 17 years) were prepared for electron microscopy. RESULTS Palisade endings investing muscle fiber tips established contacts with tendon fibrils and the muscle fiber attached. Alpha-bungarotoxin bound to myoneural contacts but not to axonal varicosities in the tendon compartment. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that palisade endings form IMCs, which were associated exclusively with multiply innervated global layer muscle fibers. IMCs consisted of a muscle fiber tendon junction, tightly enclosed by fibrocytes, and a supplying axon with preterminals and terminals. Terminals contained mitochondria, few neurotubuli, few neurofilaments, and accumulations of clear vesicles of uniform size. A basal lamina always intervened between axolemma and tendon fibrils as well as between axolemma and muscle fiber cell membrane. CONCLUSIONS Palisade endings of human EOM form IMCs as in cat, monkey, and sheep. In contrast to animals, myoneural contacts in human IMCs are almost certainly motor, whereas terminals contacting tendon fibrils are arguably sensory. Thus, IMCs might be best described as "propriocept-effectors. "
The Propensity of Pentatricopeptide Repeat Genes to Evolve into Restorers of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. The male sterilizing factors usually consist of unusual genes or open reading frames encoded by the mitochondrial genome. CMS can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility (Rfs). In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. In this review, we explore the wide array of mechanisms guiding fertility restoration. PPR proteins represent the most frequent protein class among identified Rfs and they exhibit ideal characteristics to evolve into restorer of fertility when the mechanism of restoration implies a post-transcriptional action. Here, we review the literature that highlights those characteristics and help explain why PPR proteins are ideal for the roles they play as restorers of fertility.
EFFECT OF DIETARY COPPER ON PERFORMANCE, SERUM AND EGG YOLK CHOLESTEROL AND COPPER RESIDUES IN YOLK OF LAYING CHICKENS

A 294-day study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic copper (Cu) sources on laying performance, blood and yolk cholesterol and Cu accumulation in the yolk of laying hens. 480 Kabir ® laying hens (20 weeks old) reared for 294 days in three phases (early, mid and late lay) were used. They were randomly allocated to six dietary groups of 80 birds split into four replicates of 20 birds each The diets consisted of a basal diet (containing 37.24 mg kg -1 Cu) supplemented with organic Cu (Cu proteinate; Cu-P) or inorganic Cu (Cu sulphate pentahydrate; CuSO 4 ) fed at 3 dietary concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mg kg -1 ). Data on laying performance, blood and yolk cholesterol and Cu accumulation in the yolk were collected and subjected to Completely Randomized Design of the Analysis of Variance, laid out in 2 × 3 factorial arrangements. CuSO 4 supplementation resulted in poor (P 0.05) effect of Cu sources and concentration was observed for body weight, weight gain and daily feed intake. The blood cholesterol and triglyceride level were signifi cantly (P <0.05) reduced in birds fed diets with Cu-P. The blood cholesterol level decreased as the Cu concentration increased. More Cu was accumulated in the yolk of birds fed Cu-P. The blood and yolk cholesterol levels were signifi cantly lower (P <0.05) in birds fed Cu-P than CuSO 4 . It was evident that Cu-P was more bioavailable than CuSO 4 owing to higher accumulation of Cu in the yolk of the birds fed Cu-P. Cu-P at 50 mg kg -1 is recommended in the diets for laying hen. A high level of Cu-P (150 mg kg -1 ) in laying hens’ diets was effective for cholesterol reduction in yolk and blood of experimental birds.