Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic study of gate dielectric TDDB in FinFET technology

A systematic study of HK/MG TDDB on FinFETs are discussed on this paper. In addition to conventional inversion based TDDB modeling, accumulation mode and AC TDDB are also important for correctly assessing product level gate oxide dppms and remove conservatism. Through extensive characterizations, we'll show that the Ninv and Pacc mode and Nacc and Pinv TDDB behaviors are physically similar and mainly polarity dependent. By employing all 4 gate oxide models (N/P, inv/acc) including on/off-state mode and with AC-TDDB modeling on product, significantly reduced dppm can be achieved that can explain the generally large gap observed between wafer-level DC based TDDB and product level HTOL that represents well beyond the DC gate models, extending the technology Vmax headroom without reliability tradeoffs.
Reliability and validity study of the Finnish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)

Purpose: Acceptance has been discovered to be successful in improving quality of life when adjusting to chronic pain. Instead of avoiding and controlling the pain, the goal is to confront the pain and to live a value directed life. Thus far, there has not been an instrument in Finnish to assess the acceptance of chronic pain. This study aimed at translating the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-(CPAQ)-into Finnish and assessing its reliability and validity. Method: Eighty-one persons with different types of chronic pain responded to the CPAQ, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), RAND-36 and questions of sociodemographic and pain-related variables. Results: The responders’ ages varied from 16 to 83 years (mean = 48.5 years) and 63% of them were women. For 55% of the participants, the pain had lasted more than 4 years and 63% from the sample had chronic pain in the low back or lower extremities. In test-retest analysis, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC ) values were good, 0.81–0.87. Internal consistency was very good (α = 0.86). There was no floor-ceiling effect in the Finnish version of CPAQ. Correlation was found between both subscales of the CPAQ and every domain of the RAND-36 (r = 0.23; 0.68) and the BDI (r = −0.24; −0.62). Education, age, pain avoidance, social support and pain intensity correlated with either one of the subscales or total CPAQ. CPAQ revealed no association between fear of pain and pain duration. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Finnish version of the CPAQ is a reliable and valid method for measuring chronic pain acceptance. Implications for Rehabilitation Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire There has not been an instrument in Finnish to assess the acceptance of chronic pain. The Finnish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) is a reliable and valid method for measuring chronic pain acceptance. In physiotherapy, CPAQ can be a useful instrument collecting background information of the chronic pain patient and assessing when to consult a psychologist. In addition in long therapies assessing the enhanced acceptance can be monitored with CPAQ.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Chalcogen-Containing Nitrone Derivatives from (R)-citronellal

Background: The main constituents of Cymbopogonnardus (L) Rendle and C. citratus (DC) Stapfessential oils are (R)-citronellal and citral, respectively. Organochalcogen compounds can boost the biological activities of natural products. Methods: Several chalcogen-containing nitrones derived from (R)-citronellal and citral were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion test and the antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) assays. Results: In the antimicrobial assay, (E)-N,3,7-trimethyl-3-(phenylthio)oct-6-en-1-imine oxide 5c exhibited halos between 21.5 mm (Escherichia coli O157:H7) and 26.0 mm (Listeria monocytogenes), while (E)-N,3,7-trimethyloct-6-en-1-imine oxide 5d presented halos between 22.5 mm (E. coli O157:H7) and 31.0 mm (L. monocytogenes). (E)-N,3,7-Trimethyl-2-(phenylthio)oct-6-en-1-imine oxide 5a showed the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against Bacillus cereus (0.48 mM), and 5c was the most potent bactericide, with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.52 mM for E. coli O157:H7. In the antioxidant assays, 5c, 5d, and 10 ((E)-3,7-dimethyl-2-(phenylselanyl)oct-6-enal oxime) were the most actives in the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively. Conclusions: The presence of a phenylthio group in the nitrone increases its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens in the disk diffusion test and the antioxidant activity in vitro.
Total hip arthroplasty with bone grafts for protrusio acetabuli.

BACKGROUND This retrospective cohort study analyses the long-term outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in arthritis patients with various forms of acetabular protrusion. MATERIAL We analyse 135 consecutive cemented total hip arthroplasties in 127 patients. Mean age of the patients was 55.2 years (range: 30-72 years). The study group consisted of 119 women and 16 men who were followed up for a mean of 12.7 years. Mean preoperative function was poor, with a Harris score of 28.0 points. METHODS Clinical evaluation utilized the Harris hip score, and radiographic assessment relied on the criteria of the Joint Committee of the Hip Society, AAOS and SICOT. RESULTS Clinical outcomes of the study group were as follows: excellent in 35 (25.9%), good in 78 (57.8%), fair in 17 (12.6%), and poor in 5 (3.7%). The mean postoperative Harris score was 86.6 points. The radiographic outcomes were excellent in 47 (34.8%), good in 60 (44.5%), fair in 18 (13.3%), and poor in 10 hips (7.4%). Loosening of both components was observed in 6 hips and of the acetabular component in 4 hips. Complications other than aseptic loosening were observed in 25 (18.5%) hips. CONCLUSIONS Implant survival following THA in arthritis with acetabular protrusion depends mainly on proper bone stock reconstruction. 80-85% patients after THA with acetabular bone stock reconstruction achieved very good and good results following an average of 12 years of follow-up. Patients with autogenic bone grafts achieved better outcomes. There was no substantial effect of aetiology, type of endoprosthesis, grade of acetabulum migration on the final outcome.
Inclusive Growth Analytics: Framework and Application

This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth. The authors apply the framework to the case of Zambia. The analysis suggests that income growth in Zambia is constrained by poor access to domestic and international markets, inputs, extension services, and information. High indirect costs - mostly attributable to infrastructure service-related inputs in production including energy, transport, telecom, water, but also insurance, marketing, and professional services - undermine Zambia's competitiveness, limit job creation, and therefore serve as a major constraint to inclusive growth. Improving the quality and access to secondary and tertiary education is essential if the poor are to benefit from future growth of the non-farm economy. Weak governance and, in particular, poor government effectiveness are factors behind the market coordination failures and the identified government failures, and are as such major obstacles to inclusive growth in Zambia.
Self‐Reported Smoking, Urine Cotinine, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease) Prospective Cohort Study

Background We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self‐reports and urine cotinine with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and determine the potential utility of cotinine for CVD risk prediction. Methods and Results Smoking status by self‐reports and urine cotinine were assessed at baseline in 4737 participants (mean age, 53 years) of the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐Stage Disease) prospective study. Participants were classified as never, former, light current (≤10 cigarettes/day), and heavy current smokers (>10 cigarettes/day) according to self‐reports and analogous cutoffs for urine cotinine. During a median follow‐up of 8.5 years, 296 first CVD events were recorded. Compared with self‐reported never smokers, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of CVD for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 0.86 (0.64–1.17), 1.28 (0.83–1.97), and 1.80 (1.27–2.57) in multivariate analysis. Compared with urine cotinine–assessed never smokers, the corresponding hazard ratios of CVD for urine cotinine–assessed former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.70 (1.03–2.81), 1.62 (1.15–2.28), and 1.95 (1.39–2.73) respectively. The C‐index change on adding urine cotinine–assessed smoking status to a standard CVD risk prediction model (without self‐reported smoking status) was 0.0098 (0.0031–0.0164; P=0.004). The corresponding C‐index change for self‐reported smoking status was 0.0111 (0.0042–0.0179; P=0.002). Conclusions Smoking status as assessed by self‐reports and urine cotinine is associated with CVD risk; however, the nature of the association of urine cotinine with CVD is consistent with a dose‐response relationship. The ability of urine cotinine to improve CVD risk assessment is similar to that of self‐reported smoking status.
Knowledge translation and the multifaceted intervention in the intensive care unit.

Crit Care Med 2012 Vol. 40, No. 4 In the nearly 10 yrs since the Institute of Medicine released its report on “Crossing the Quality Chasm (1),” significant emphasis has been placed on improving the quality of medicine in general and specifically in intensive care. The characteristics of what defines highquality health care are still widely debated with the most significant change arising from effectively using the best available clinical evidence in individual patients. The sobering reality is that Americans not only spend 40% more per capita for health care than any other country, but despite this expenditure, the U.S. ranks low in life expectancy and patient satisfaction (2). New methods to operationalize effective evidence are necessary. The current method, in most clinical practices, is largely based on continuing medical education or continuing professional development. Although such activities form a key component for accreditation systems, the literature on their effectiveness shows that passive educational activities are weak effectors of physician behavior change (3). Illustrative of this point, the recently published Surviving Sepsis Campaign results of their multinational intervention for guideline implementation recorded baseline compliance with bundled care elements was 10.9% and 18.4% for the first site quarter for the 6-hr resuscitation and 24-hr management bundles, respectively (4). Knowledge translation methods have been proposed as a new paradigm to promote use of high-quality evidence in clinical practice. This narrative review focuses on the history and development of the knowledge translation process as it pertains to intensive care with particular emphasis on using a multidisciplinary/ multifaceted approach.
Managing the Impacts of SCUBA Divers on Thailand's Coral Reefs

While dive tourism enjoys continued growth worldwide, concern exists that it is contributing to the degradation of coral communities, biologically and aesthetically. This study examined the effect of SCUBA diver contacts with coral and other substrates. Ninety-three percent of divers made contact with substrata during a 10-minute observation period with an average of 97 contacts per hour of diving. Two-thirds of the divers caused some coral damage by breaking fragments from fragile coral forms with an average of 19 breakages per hour of diving. Fin damage was the major type of damage. Underwater photographers caused less damage per contact than non-photographers; as did male divers, compared with females. Diver-induced damage decreases with increasing number of logged dives and attendance at pre-dive briefings. Park managers can help reduce impact by identifying and directing use to sites that are resistant to damage, matching diver competence and site preferences, and alerting operators to dive conditions. Minimising impact requires dive operators to be proactive in promoting minimal impact diving behaviour. This includes selecting sites that match diver expectations and experience, and providing pre-dive briefings in the context of diver activities and physical capacity, and site susceptibility to impact and current strength.
Capital structure of listed portuguese companies: determinants of debt adjustment

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the impact of listed Portuguese companies' specific determinants on adjustment of actual debt towards target debt ratio. The specific determinants on adjustment of actual debt towards target debt ratio that we consider are: asset tangibility, size, profitability and market to book ratio.Design/methodology/approach – Dynamic panel estimators are used to determine adjustment of the actual level of debt towards optimal level of debt, revealing the level of transaction costs borne by companies. OLS regressions are also used, in order to estimate the impacts of companies' specific determinants on debt adjustment.Findings – The results suggest that transaction costs are relevant in listed Portuguese companies' access to debt. Tangibility of assets and size are determinants that contribute for a greater adjustment of debt towards optimal level. The results also suggest that the capital structure decisions of listed Portuguese companies can be explained in the light of trade‐.
Inorganic phosphate homeostasis. Renal adaptation to the dietary intake in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats.

The possibility of renal tubular adaptation to variations in dietary inorganic phosphate (Pi) was investigated in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats pair-fed diets containing low, normal, and high amounts of Pi for periods up to 10 days. Clearances were measured before and during active i.v. infusions with Pi in conscious animals. Thus tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRPi) could be assessed over a wide range of plasma phosphate concentrations ([Pi]P1). It was found that the renal tubule could adapt its capacity to transport Pi according to the dietary Pi: TRPi was always higher, for a given [Pi]P1, in the animals fed low than in those fed higher Pi diets. This diet-induced modification also occurred in the absence of thyroparathyroid glands, in the presence of the same calcemia and urinary pH, and during marked extracellular volume expansion. A time-course study in rats TPTX both before and during the administration of the experimental diets showed that a difference in the tubular handling of Pi was detectable as early as 3 days after switching the animals from a normal to low- or high-Pi diets. These results indicate that factors other than parathyroid hormone are implicated in the tubular response to variations in the dietary intake of inorganic phosphate.
Monovalent antibody design and mechanism of action of onartuzumab, a MET antagonist with anti-tumor activity as a therapeutic agent

Significance Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of human disease. Despite these advances, antibody bivalency limits their utility against some targets. Here, we describe the development of a one-armed (monovalent) antibody, onartuzumab, targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase MET. While initial screening of bivalent antibodies produced agonists of MET, engineering them into monovalent antibodies produced antagonists instead. We explain the structural basis of the mechanism of action with the crystal structure of onartuzumab antigen-binding fragment in complex with MET and HGF-β. These discoveries have led to an additional antibody-based therapeutic option and shed light on the underpinnings of HGF/MET signaling. Binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is implicated in the malignant process of multiple cancers, making disruption of this interaction a promising therapeutic strategy. However, targeting MET with bivalent antibodies can mimic HGF agonism via receptor dimerization. To address this limitation, we have developed onartuzumab, an Escherichia coli-derived, humanized, and affinity-matured monovalent monoclonal antibody against MET, generated using the knob-into-hole technology that enables the antibody to engage the receptor in a one-to-one fashion. Onartuzumab potently inhibits HGF binding and receptor phosphorylation and signaling and has antibody-like pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity. Biochemical data and a crystal structure of a ternary complex of onartuzumab antigen-binding fragment bound to a MET extracellular domain fragment, consisting of the MET Sema domain fused to the adjacent Plexins, Semaphorins, Integrins domain (MET Sema-PSI), and the HGF β-chain demonstrate that onartuzumab acts specifically by blocking HGF α-chain (but not β-chain) binding to MET. These data suggest a likely binding site of the HGF α-chain on MET, which when dimerized leads to MET signaling. Onartuzumab, therefore, represents the founding member of a class of therapeutic monovalent antibodies that overcomes limitations of antibody bivalency for targets impacted by antibody crosslinking.
Fairness in Winner-Take-All Markets

The paper reports the first experimental study on people’s fairness views on extreme income inequalities arising from winner-take-all reward structures. We find that the majority of participants consider extreme income inequality generated in winner-take-all situations as fair, independent of the winning margin. Spectators appear to endorse a “factual merit” fairness argument for no redistribution: the winner deserves all the earnings because these earnings were determined by his or her performance. Our findings shed light on the present political debate on redistribution, by suggesting that people may object less to certain types of extreme income inequality than commonly assumed.
The Impact of Futures Price Targeting on the Precision and Credibility of Monetary Policy

This paper analyzes the hypothesis that the targeting of macroeconomic aggregates can be done more effectively by pegging the price of a futures contract linked to future announcements of the policy target. Where there is an information lag, futures price targeting may be more efficient than a contingent money supply rule. A policy of futures price targeting would be less likely to suffer from the time inconsistency problem. The use of futures price targeting would also appear to be superior to policies based on intermediate targeting as well as most types of discretion. Copyright 1995 by Ohio State University Press.
Specific caspase inhibitor Q‐VD‐OPh prevents neonatal stroke in P7 rat: a role for gender

Hypoxia–ischaemia in the developing brain results in brain injury with prominent features of apoptosis. In the present study, a third generation dipeptidyl broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor, quinoline‐Val‐Asp(Ome)‐CH2‐O‐phenoxy (Q‐VD‐OPh), was tested in a model of unilateral focal ischaemia with reperfusion in 7‐day‐old rats. Q‐VD‐OPh (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced cell death, resulting in significant neuroprotection at 48 h of recovery (infarct volume of 12.6 ± 2.8 vs. 24.3 ± 2.2%, p = 0.006). The neuroprotective effects observed at 48 h post‐ischaemia hold up at 21 days of survival time and attenuate neurological dysfunction. Analysis by gender revealed that females were strongly protected (6.7 ± 3.3%, p = 0.006), in contrast to males in which there was no significant effect, when Q‐VD‐OPh was given after clip removal on the left common carotid artery. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that Q‐VD‐OPh inhibits caspase 3 cleavage into its p17 active form and caspase 1 up‐regulation and cleavage in vivo. Following ischaemia in P7 rats, males and females displayed different time course and pattern of cytochrome c release and active p17 caspase 3 during the first 24 h of recovery. In contrast, no significant difference was observed for caspase 1 expression between genders. These results indicate that ischaemia activates caspases shortly after reperfusion and that the sex of the animal may strongly influences apoptotic pathways in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury. The specificity, effectiveness, and reduced toxicity of Q‐VD‐OPh may determine the potential use of peptide‐derived irreversible caspase inhibitors as promising therapeutics.
NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS AND VOLATILITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY USING HIGH-FREQUENCY DATA FROM NASDAQ STOCKS

Our empirical evidence based on transactions data of a sample of NASDAQ stocks indicates that trades of large firms are related to the proxies of market-wide and firm-specific information. For large firms, an increase in the number of trades seems to have a beneficial effect on liquidity as measured by bid-ask spreads. On the other hand, trades of small and medium firms are associated with firm-specific information and are not related to market-wide information. For small and medium firms, the frequency of trades is positively associated with bid-ask spreads, apparently because of the adverse information content of trades.
Magnetic Field Effects on Bone Repair after Calcium Phosphate Cement Implants: Histometric and Biochemistry Evaluation

Objective: This work evaluated histologic and biochemically the effect of magnetic field buried in bone repair after autogenous bone graft and calcium phosphate cement implants. Methodology: Bone defects with 5,0 mm of diameter in the cranium of Wistar mice were used to analyse. These mice were submitted to different interventions: autogenous bone graft and calcium phosphate cement implants, both with and without magnetic stimulation. Longitudinal and transversal histometric and biochemistry analysis were made in times of 15, 30 and 60 post-operative days. Results: The histometric transversal analysis did not show significant differences in the bone repair between groups. Longitudinally, significant difference were found in the quantity of neoformed bone between the times 15 and 60 post-operative days in the autogenous bone graft group under magnetic stimulation. The alkaline phosphatase enzyme presented a higher activity in 30 post-operative days and the groups under magnetic stimulation presented reduced enzymatic activity in comparison to the other groups. Conclusion: The permanent and static magnetic field promoted significant differences in the neoformed bone in the groups autogenous bone graft.