Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High triacylglycerol turnover rate in human skeletal muscle

In the present study we investigated the relationship between plasma fatty acids (FA) and intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTAG) kinetics of healthy volunteers. With this aim [U‐13C]‐palmitate was infused for 10 h and FA kinetics determined across the leg. In addition, the rate of FA incorporation into IMTAG in vastus lateralis muscle was determined during two consecutive 4‐h periods (2–6 h and 6–10 h). Fifty to sixty per cent of the FA taken up from the circulation were esterified into IMTAG, whereas 32 and 42% were oxidized between 2–6 and 6–10 h, respectively. IMTAG fractional synthesis rate was 3.4 ± 0.8% h−1 and did not change between the two 4‐ h periods, despite an increase in arterial FA concentration (34%, P < 0.01). IMTAG concentration was also unchanged, implying that the IMTAG fractional synthesis rate was balanced by an equal rate of breakdown. FA oxidation increased over time, which could be due to the observed decline in plasma insulin concentration (−74%, P < 0.01). In conclusion, a substantial fraction of the fatty acids entering skeletal muscle in post‐absorptive healthy individuals is esterified into IMTAG, due to its high turnover rate (29 h pool−1). An increase in FA level, as a consequence of short‐term fasting, does not seem to increase IMTAG synthesis rate and pool size.
A New Botulinum Toxin Potentially Bioequivalent to OnabotulinumtoxinA: Are There Any Differences at All?

Botulinum toxins refer to a group of proteins classified into seven distinct serotypes (A–G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum, which is a naturally occurring endosporeforming strict anaerobic eubacteria. There are more than six commercially available botulinum toxin products: onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA), BTXA (Lanzhou Biological Products Institute, China), abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport, Ipsen Ltd., Wrexham, UK), rimabotulinumtoxinB (Neurobloc, Solstice Neurosciences, Louisville, KY), Neuronox (neu-BoNT/A, Medytox Inc., Cheonwon-gun, Korea), and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Frankfurt am Main, Germany).
Dominator tree verification and vertex-disjoint paths

We present a linear-time algorithm that given a flowgraph <i>G</i> = (<i>V,A,r</i>) and a tree <i>T</i>, checks whether <i>T</i> is the dominator tree of <i>G</i>. Also we prove that there exist two spanning trees of <i>G</i>, <i>T</i><inf>1</inf> and <i>T</i><inf>2</inf>, such that for any vertex <i><u>v</u></i> the paths from <i>r</i> to <i><u>v</u></i> in <i>T</i><inf>1</inf> and <i>T</i><inf>2</inf> intersect only at the vertices that dominate <i><u>v</u></i>. The proof is constructive and our algorithm can build the two spanning trees in linear time. Simpler versions of our two algorithms run in <i>O</i>(<i>mα</i>(<i>m, n</i>))-time, where <i>n</i> is the number of vertices and <i>m</i> is the number of arcs in <i>G</i>. The existence of such two spanning trees implies that we can order the calculations of the iterative algorithm for finding dominators, proposed by Allen and Cocke [2], so that it builds the dominator tree in a single iteration.
Principal Stratification Designs to Estimate Input Data Missing Due to Death

Summary We consider studies of cohorts of individuals after a critical event, such as an injury, with the following characteristics. First, the studies are designed to measure “input” variables, which describe the period before the critical event, and to characterize the distribution of the input variables in the cohort. Second, the studies are designed to measure “output” variables, primarily mortality after the critical event, and to characterize the predictive (conditional) distribution of mortality given the input variables in the cohort. Such studies often possess the complication that the input data are missing for those who die shortly after the critical event because the data collection takes place after the event. Standard methods of dealing with the missing inputs, such as imputation or weighting methods based on an assumption of ignorable missingness, are known to be generally invalid when the missingness of inputs is nonignorable, that is, when the distribution of the inputs is different between those who die and those who live. To address this issue, we propose a novel design that obtains and uses information on an additional key variable—a treatment or externally controlled variable, which if set at its “effective” level, could have prevented the death of those who died. We show that the new design can be used to draw valid inferences for the marginal distribution of inputs in the entire cohort, and for the conditional distribution of mortality given the inputs, also in the entire cohort, even under nonignorable missingness. The crucial framework that we use is principal stratification based on the potential outcomes, here mortality under both levels of treatment. We also show using illustrative preliminary injury data that our approach can reveal results that are more reasonable than the results of standard methods, in relatively dramatic ways. Thus, our approach suggests that the routine collection of data on variables that could be used as possible treatments in such studies of inputs and mortality should become common.
Sleep-related breathing disorders: impact on mortality of cerebrovascular disease

The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of sleep-related breathing disorders in a 2‐yr survival follow-up of patients with a first ever stroke or transient ischaemic attack. The study followed 161 patients. Complete neurological assessment was performed in order to determine cerebrovascular risk factors, functional disability, and parenchymatous and vascular localisation, as well as stroke subtype categorisation. A sleep study was carried out using a portable respiratory recording device. The entire cohort was followed over a mean period of 22.8 months. The main outcome event was death and time of survival since the neurological event. A multivariate Cox's model was estimated. The patients were ages 72±9 yrs (mean±sd), and had a body mass index of 26.6±3.9 kg·m−2 and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of 21.2±15.7. Overall, mortality occurred in 22 cases, and the survival rate was 86.3%. Vascular disease accounted for 63.6% of deaths. Multivariate analysis selected four independent variables associated with mortality: 1) age; 2) AHI, with an implied 5% increase in mortality risk for each additional unit of AHI; 3) involvement of the middle cerebral artery; and 4) the presence of coronary disease. In conclusion, the findings suggest that sleep-related breathing disorders are an independent prognostic factor related to mortality after a first episode of stroke.
New Technologies in Spine: Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for the Treatment of Painful Osteoporotic Compression Fractures

Study Design Literature review Objectives To describe new treatments for painful osteoporotic compression fractures in light of available scientific literature and clinical experience. Summary of Background Data. Painful vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This relates to pulmonary dysfunction, eating disorders (nutritional deficits), pain, loss of independence, and mental status change (related to pain and medications). Medications to treat osteoporosis (primarily antiresorptive) do not effectively treat the pain or the fracture, and require over 1 year to reduce the degree of osteoporosis. Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are new techniques that help decrease the pain and improve function in fractured vertebrae. Methods. This is a descriptive review of the background leading to vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, a description of the techniques, a review of the literature, as well as current ongoing studies evaluating kyphoplasty. Results Both techniques have had a very high acceptance and use rate. There is 95% improvement in pain and significant improvement in function following treatment by either of these percutaneous techniques. Kyphoplasty improves height of the fractured vertebra, and improves kyphosis by over 50%, if performed within 3 months from the onset of the fracture (onset of pain). There is some height improvement, though not as marked, along with 95% clinical improvement, if the procedure is performed after 3 months. Complications occur with both and relate to cement leakage in both, and cement emboli with vertebroplasty. Conclusion Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are safe and effective, and have a useful role in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures that do not respond to conventional treatments. Kyphoplasty offers the additional advantage of realigning the spinal column and regaining height of the fractured vertebra, which may help decrease the pulmonary, GI, and early morbidity consequences related to these fractures. Both procedures are technically demanding.
Evidence-based diagnosis of familial non-X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy. Prevalence, inheritance and characteristics.

AIMS To assess the prevalence of familial non-X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, to diagnose early asymptomatic cases evaluate inheritance and characterize clinical phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened 472 relatives of 104 consecutive patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy; males with X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy were excluded based on systematic immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. Relatives underwent clinical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography and serum creatine-phosphokinase determination. Twenty-six index patients (25%) had familial disease: four youths (< or = 20 years) had rapidly progressive outcome and underwent emergency transplantation. In a sib-pair, the onset was with atrioventricular block. Inheritance was autosomal dominant in 15, undetermined in seven (four sib-pairs); mitochondrial DNA pathological mutations were found in four. The screening identified 23 newly diagnosed relatives in the familial group. Transplantation (P = 0.04) and atrial fibrillation (P = 0.04) were more frequent, and left bundle branch block (P = 0.04) less frequent in index patients with familial than in those with non-familial disease. Several non-affected relatives had instrumental abnormalities potentially useful as pre-clinical markers: their prevalence was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of familial, non X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy was 25%. The immediate benefits of screening family members of index patients was early diagnosis in unaware symptomless affected relatives.
Identification of a Novel Marine Fish Virus, Singapore Grouper Iridovirus-Encoded MicroRNAs Expressed in Grouper Cells by Solexa Sequencing

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. An increasing number of studies has revealed that viruses can also encode miRNAs, which are proposed to be involved in viral replication and persistence, cell-mediated antiviral immune response, angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a pathogenic iridovirus that has severely affected grouper aquaculture in China and Southeast Asia. Comprehensive knowledge about the related miRNAs during SGIV infection is helpful for understanding the infection and the pathogenic mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine whether SGIV encoded miRNAs during infection, a small RNA library derived from SGIV-infected grouper (GP) cells was constructed and sequenced by Illumina/Solexa deep-sequencing technology. We recovered 6,802,977 usable reads, of which 34,400 represented small RNA sequences encoded by SGIV. Sixteen novel SGIV-encoded miRNAs were identified by a computational pipeline, including a miRNA that shared a similar sequence to herpesvirus miRNA HSV2-miR-H4-5p, which suggests miRNAs are conserved in far related viruses. Generally, these 16 miRNAs are dispersed throughout the SGIV genome, whereas three are located within the ORF057L region. Some SGIV-encoded miRNAs showed marked sequence and length heterogeneity at their 3′ and/or 5′ end that could modulate their functions. Expression levels and potential biological activities of these viral miRNAs were examined by stem-loop quantitative RT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay, respectively, and 11 of these viral miRNAs were present and functional in SGIV-infected GP cells. Conclusions Our study provided a genome-wide view of miRNA production for iridoviruses and identified 16 novel viral miRNAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of miRNAs encoded by aquatic animal viruses. The results provide a useful resource for further in-depth studies on SGIV infection and iridovirus pathogenesis.
Headloop suppression PCR and its application to selective amplification of methylated DNA sequences

Selective amplification in PCR is principally determined by the sequence of the primers and the temperature of the annealing step. We have developed a new PCR technique for distinguishing related sequences in which additional selectivity is dependent on sequences within the amplicon. A 5′ extension is included in one (or both) primer(s) that corresponds to sequences within one of the related amplicons. After copying and incorporation into the PCR product this sequence is then able to loop back, anneal to the internal sequences and prime to form a hairpin structure—this structure is then refractory to further amplification. Thus, amplification of sequences containing a perfect match to the 5′ extension is suppressed while amplification of sequences containing mismatches or lacking the sequence is unaffected. We have applied Headloop PCR to DNA that had been bisulphite-treated for the selective amplification of methylated sequences of the human GSTP1 gene in the presence of up to a 105-fold excess of unmethylated sequences. Headloop PCR has a potential for clinical application in the detection of differently methylated DNAs following bisulphite treatment as well as for selective amplification of sequence variants or mutants in the presence of an excess of closely related DNA sequences.
Biodiversity responses to global changes

Deforestation, fragmentation and pollution of habitats, intensification of agriculture and livestock farming, urbanization, massive emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, acidification of the oceans, intensive industrial fishing, transportation of species. Our expanding species does exert increasing pressures on the planet’s ecosystems, through its many activities. How do species and ecological communities react to these pressures? Can we predict their dynamics? Given the multiplicity of species and of their interactions, the first step here will be to identify the main drivers of the adaptation of species and communities to changes in their physical and biological environment. Then, we will take these mechanisms into account to understand and possibly anticipate current dynamics, in this period of global changes linked to the intensification of human activities.
Innovation and Customer Involvement in Creating SME Business Performance in the Creative Economy Sector in Indonesia

Nowadays innovation has become an important topic among academics and business practitioners. since the environment is increasingly competitive in a dynamic environment, the need to develop internal capabilities is increasingly becoming a prerequisite for global survival. Innovation and customer engagement practices are becoming important concepts to help companies achieve these niches. Despite the importance of innovation and customer engagement, research linking innovation and customer engagement with business performance in one model is still limited in the context of creative economy SMEs. The aim of this research is to provide new practical and theoretical insights into how SMEs adapt and further develop their innovation capabilities and leverage customer engagement for business performance. The paucity of studies in the existing literature underscores the potential contribution of future research. The novelty of this research is first, to develop the concept of innovation associated with customer involvement, whose linkages have not been widely disclosed in the context of SMEs in the creative economy sector. Second, build a relationship between customer involvement and business performance. Third, building the concept of developing the relationship of innovation to SME innovation in the creative economy sector by strengthening the role of mediating customer involvement. Fourth, to examine in an integrated and holistic manner the concept of innovation and customer involvement in creating SME business performance in the creative economy sector in Bali, Indonesia.
3-D Full-Vectorial Analysis of Strong Optical Waveguide Discontinuities Using Pade Approximants

A full-vectorial 3-D numerical method applicable to high-index contrast optical waveguide discontinuities is presented. Rigorous treatment of the longitudinal boundary condition is incorporated in the formulation. The square root of the characteristic matrix is approximated using Padeacute approximants which results in an efficient implementation. The biconjugate gradient stabilized method is utilized to iteratively calculate the reflected and transmitted fields. A preconditioner is proposed which results in reduced number of iterations. The proposed method is applied to various optical waveguide facets exhibiting strong transverse and longitudinal refractive index discontinuities. In all cases, the modal reflectivities of the fundamental TE-Like and TM-Like modes are calculated for both the full-vectorial and the semi-vectorial formulations. Significant difference in the calculated modal reflectivity is seen between the full and semi-vectorial models. The error in the power balance remains low in the full-vectorial case irrespective of the waveguide dimensions. However, in the semi-vectorial case, the error in the power balance is found to increase when the waveguide width is reduced
EXCRETION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION INTO HUMAN BREAST MILK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objective: To establish which antihypertensive medications are safe for use while breastfeeding, by reviewing the available evidence. Methods: Reports of studies examining the transfer of antihypertensive medications to breastmilk were identified from multiple MEDLINE and EMBASE searches, manual review of bibliographies of articles and textbooks on drug use during lactation. The reports were reviewed and the results were compiled. Results: Prospective cohort studies and case reports constituted the only available evidence. Compilation of these results found that the milk to plasma (M/P) ratios varied widely across the beta-blocker family, the beta-blockers with low protein binding having the highest M/P ratios. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, methyldopa, and some calcium channel blockers had low M/P ratios. Conclusion: The available data to date indicate that ACE inhibitors, methyldopa, beta-blockers with high protein binding, and some calcium channel blockers all appear to be safe treatments of hypertension in a nursing mother. The data suggest that drugs to be avoided are beta-blockers with low protein binding. However, the available evidence is limited and further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The Limping Child

Limping is a common reason for children to present to a primary care physician, to an emergency department, or to a pediatric orthopedist and may represent a diagnostic challenge. Deviations from a normal age-appropriate gait pattern can be caused by a wide variety of conditions (inflammatory, infectious, developmental, traumatic, neoplastic, overuse, metabolic, hematological, others), with only a proportion preceded by an easily recognizable history of injury. The physician is expected to distinguish the gait disturbance, establish an appropriate diagnostic approach, and provide early management of the underlying condition without missing potentially serious diseases (mainly infections and tumors); other important goals are reduction of costs to the health care system and minimization of pain and anxiety for child and parents. Patterns of gait disturbances have been classified into antalgic limp (the child adopts compensatory mechanisms to prevent pain) and nonantalgic limp (mechanical or neuromuscular problems lead to different gait patterns: steppage, trendelemburg, circumduction, equinus gait), but the distinction is not always sharp or feasible. A thorough history and physical examination is essential to localize the probable site of origin of limping and then to point diagnostic tests toward the suspected site. Most limps are caused by conditions affecting the lower limbs, with hip transient synovitis generally reported as the most common. Spinal and intraspinal conditions causing limp are uncommon. One study of 243 children presenting to an emergency department for an acute atraumatic limp reported a spinal etiology in about 1.2% of cases, with back pain described in 1.6% of children. Yet, given the high incidence of limping, even more uncommon conditions should be considered when evaluating children. In our department of pediatric orthopedics, which received patients from the entire country, we experienced that spinal diseases are often underestimated and knowledge of them is often scarce among primary care physicians and general orthopedists. The purpose of the present review was to provide physicians with basic principles and tools to suspect and recognize spinal and intraspinal conditions causing limp in children; examples of spinal disorders causing limp will be described throughout the article and in the figures. Written consent was obtained from parents and patients.
A Probabilistic Lexical Model for Ranking Textual Inferences

Identifying textual inferences, where the meaning of one text follows from another, is a general underlying task within many natural language applications. Commonly, it is approached either by generative syntactic-based methods or by "lightweight" heuristic lexical models. We suggest a model which is confined to simple lexical information, but is formulated as a principled generative probabilistic model. We focus our attention on the task of ranking textual inferences and show substantially improved results on a recently investigated question answering data set.
Floristic Characterization and Phytosociology of a Vegetation in a Caatinga Area in Brazil

The present study characterizes the floristic and phytosociological characters in the paraibano semiarid in Caatinga area. For the phytosociological survey 25, sample units with dimensions of 20 m x 20 m distributed randomly were used in order to collect the name of the species, the circumference at ground level (CFL), the circumference at breast height (CBH), the total height of the individuals and the state trees. The total surface of the area was 323.65 ha and 255.85 ha of shrub by arboreal vegetation what represent 79% of the area with vegetation, the remaining 21%, were classified as clean field, reservoirs, courses of water and highways, totaling 67.8 hectares. To the floristic composition 2.362 individuals were observed, which ones, 22 species belonged to 14 families. Considering the habit of the found species, 68% can be considered as arboreal and 32% as shrubby. The vegetation can be classified as a closed shrub-arboreal Caatinga. The most representative species and with the higher importance value (IV) in the area were Poincianella pyramidalis, Mimosa tenuiflora, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Anadenanthera colubrina. The basal area average was 11.68 m2/ha. The species with higher basal area were P. pyramidalis, M. tenuiflora, A. colubrina and A. pyrifolium. Original Research Article Moreira et al.; JEAI, 30(5): 1-10, 2019; Article no.JEAI. 46435 2