Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MOBILIZATION OF A COORDINATED ESCAPE RESPONSE BY GIANT AXONS IN THE OPHIUROID, OPHIOPTERIS PAPILLOSA

SUMMARY 1. The escape response of Ophiopteris papillosa to contact by a predatory asteroid consists of a fast withdrawal of the stimulated arm, completed in less than 1 s, followed by rapid locomotion carried out by coordinated rowing of the two arms opposite the one stimulated. 2. Electrical activity recorded from the radial nerve cord (RNC) during the locomotory phase consists of small-amplitude spikes (<5/iV). 3. The initial arm jerk response is mediated by sequential activation of segmental intervertebral muscles, and the onset of activation progresses centrally at a rate of <10cms~' commencing 100-200ms after stimulation. 4. Electrical activity recorded from the RNC immediately after tubefoot stimulation consists of a burst of large-amplitude spikes (50-100 /iV) that propagate centrally at approximately 50cms" 1 . 5. Electrical activity in the RNC with the lowest threshold to direct electrical stimulation consists of large spikes propagating at a mean velocity of 55 cms" 1 at 13 °C, and this activity persists in a Ca z+ -free medium. 6. Electrical and tubefoot stimulation of the arm tip in the same preparation both trigger a burst of large action potentials that propagate at approximately 50cms" 1 . 7. The identity of the giant axons activated by tubefoot stimulation, the pathways they follow and their role in mobilizing the coordinated escape response are discussed.
An implementation of partitioned scheduling scheme for hard real-time tasks in multicore Linux with fair share for Linux tasks

The correctness of a hard real-time system depends upon its ability to meet all its deadlines. Existing real-time systems use either a pure real-time scheduler or a real-time scheduler embedded as a real-time scheduling class in the scheduler of an operating system (OS). Existing implementations of schedulers in multicore systems that support real-time and non-real-time tasks, permit the execution of non-real-time tasks in all the cores with priorities lower than those of real-time tasks, but interrupts and softirqs associated with these non-real-time tasks can execute in any core with priorities higher than those of real-time tasks. As a result, the execution overhead of real-time tasks is quite large in these systems, which, in turn, affects their runtime. In order that the hard real-time tasks can be executed in such systems with minimal interference from other Linux tasks, we propose, in this paper, an integrated scheduler architecture, called SchedISA, which aims to considerably reduce the execution overhead of real-time tasks in these systems. In order to test the efficacy of the proposed scheduler, we implemented partitioned earliest deadline first (P-EDF) scheduling algorithm in SchedISA on Linux kernel, version 3.8, and conducted experiments on Intel core i7 processor with eight logical cores. We compared the execution overhead of real-time tasks in the above implementation of SchedISA with that in SCHED_DEADLINE's P-EDF implementation, which concurrently executes real-time and non-real-time tasks in Linux OS in all the cores. The experimental results show that the execution overhead of real-time tasks in the above implementation of SchedISA is considerably less than that in SCHED_DEADLINE. We believe that, with further refinement of SchedISA, the execution overhead of real-time tasks in SchedISA can be reduced to a predictable maximum, making it suitable for scheduling hard real-time tasks without affecting the CPU share of Linux tasks.
Dynamic web interface for metabolic pathways

The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a web-based system, where it is possible to view the metabolic pathways of organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced. The metabolic pathways are presented as map diagrams where different reaction chains appear as chains and networks of substrates and enzymes. Each organism in KEGG has a set of metabolic maps where the corresponding enzyme boxes for the particular organism are coloured among all enzyme boxes on a reference map. The goal of the present work was to create a KEGG application that allows the comparison of several organisms in a map simultaneously. As well as for the organisms included in KEGG, the system can be used for organisms whose genomes have recently been sequenced but not published yet. An algorithm used for assigning the EC numbers for locally sequenced organisms is described. Some maps belonging to the functional group ‘energy’ and representing alpha proteo-bacteria are presented as examples of the use of the program. Supervisor: Arne Andersson Local supervisors: Siv Andersson, Björn Canbäck Examiner: Arne Andersson
Co‐localization of TFF3 peptide and oxytocin in the human hypothalamus

TFF‐peptides (formerly P domain peptides, trefoil factors) are typical secretory products of many mucous epithelial cells. TFF3 is also synthesized in the hypothalamus and has anxiolytic or anxiogenic activities when injected into the rat amygdala. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that TFF3 is localized to a distinct population of neurons of the human hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Generally, TFF3‐positive cells are co‐localized in oxyto‐cin‐producing cells and not in vasopressin‐producing cells. Relatively large amounts of TFF3—but not TFF1 and TFF2—are present in the posterior lobe of the human pituitary, where it is probably released into the bloodstream. Furthermore, TFF3 was also detectable in human postmortem cerebrospinal fluid. —Jagla, W. , Wiede, A. , Dietzmann, K. , Rutkowski, K. , Hoffmann, W. Co‐localization of TFF3 peptide and oxytocin in the human hypothalamus. FASEB J. 14, 1126–1131 (2000)
Patients' knowledge and perceived reactions to medical errors in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Human errors in healthcare delivery pose serious threats to patients undergoing treatment. While clinical concern is growing in response, there is need to report social and behavioural context of the problem in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To examine patients' knowledge and perceived reactions to medical errors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 269 in-patients and 10 In-Depth Interviews were conducted among health caregivers in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. RESULTS Majority (64.5%) of respondents reported annoyance and disappointment with medical errors. Severity of error (88.5%) and the perception of negligence mediated intention to litigate. Voluntary disclosure significantly reduced patients' intention to litigate caregivers (chi(2)=3.584; df=1; P=0.053). Frustration/anger was not more likely to influence patient to litigate than feelings of resignation/forgiveness (chi(2)=2.156; df=1; P>. 05). Financial difficulties arising from error had an important influence on litigation. Health caregivers admitted possibility of errors; and insisted that although notifying patients/relatives about errors is appropriate, disclosure was dependent on the seriousness, health implications and the causes. CONCLUSION Voluntary disclosure and teamwork is very important in dealing with medical error. The role of medical social workers could be important in the discourse and disclosure of medical error.
iWalker: Toward a Rollator-Mounted Wayfinding System for the Elderly

Research on intelligent walkers aims at helping elderly individuals to maintain their independence in familiar and unfamiliar environments. Several walkers have been developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. This article contributes to this research venue by describing the design and initial evaluations of iWalker, a multi-sensor rollator-mounted wayfinding system for the elderly. The primary difference of the proposed navigation aid from other intelligent walkers is that iWalker is assumed to operate in a smart world (SW), a physical space equipped with embedded sensors. By integrating inexpensive sensors into the environment, the cost and complexity of the walker can be reduced.
An Experimental Study of the Eeects of Word Recognition Errors in Spoken Queries on the Eeectiveness of an Information Retrieval System

The eeects of word recognition errors (WRE) in spoken documents on the performance of an Information Retrieval (IR) system have been well studied and well reported in recent IR literature. Most of the research in this direction has been promoted by the Spoken Document Retrieval track of TREC. Much less experimental work has been devoted to studying the eeects of WRE in spoken queries. It is easy to imagine that given the typical length of the user query, the eeects of WRE in queries on the performance of an IR system must be destructive. The experimental work reported in this paper intends to test that. The paper reports on the background of such a study, on the construction of a test collection, and on the rst experimental results. The preliminary conclusions drawn from the experimentation enable to give some useful indications for the design of spoken query systems, despite the recognized limitations of the study.
Proteomic Analysis of Salt-Responsive Proteins in the Leaves of Mangrove Kandelia candel during Short-Term Stress

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity in many regions of the world. A comparative proteomic approach to identify salt stress-responsive proteins and to understand the molecular mechanisms was carried out in the woody halophyte Kandelia candel. Four-leaf-old K. candel seedlings were exposed to 150 (control), 300, 450, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days. Proteins extracted from the leaves of K. candel seedlings were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). More than 900 protein spots were detected on each gel, and 53 differentially expressed protein spots were located with at least two-fold differences in abundance on 2-DE maps, of which 48 were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS). The results showed that K. candel could withstand up to 450 mM NaCl stress by up-regulating proteins that are mainly involved in photosynthesis, respiration and energy metabolism, Na+ compartmentalization, protein folding and assembly, and signal transduction. Physiological data, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radicals (O2 −) contents, as well as Na+ content and K+/Na+ ratios all correlated well with our proteomic results. This study provides new global insights into woody halophyte salt stress responses. Identification of differentially expressed proteins promotes better understanding of the molecular basis for salt stress reduction in K. candel.
Modifications of Poly(o-phenylenediamine) Permselective Layer on Pt-Ir for Biosensor Application in Neurochemical Monitoring

Reports that globular proteins could enhance the interference blocking ability of the PPD (poly(o-phenylenediamine) layer used as a permselective barrier in biosensor design, prompted this study where a variety of modifying agents were incorporated into PPD during its electrosynthesis on Pt-Ir electrodes. Trapped molecules, including fibrous proteins and β-cyclodextrin, altered the polymer/modifier composite selectivity by affecting the sensitivity to both H2O2 (signal molecule in many enzyme-based biosensors) and the archetypal interference species, ascorbic acid. A comparison of electrochemical properties of Pt and a Pt-Ir alloy suggests that the benefits of the latter, more rigid, metal can be exploited in PPD-based biosensor design without significant loss of backward compatibility with studies involving pure Pt.
Differences in the Game Specific Skills of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth Football Players: Implications for Talent Identification

The concept of multidimensional talent modelling offers a recent attempt to objectively identify sporting talent in adolescents, of which game specific skill assessment has become a significant dimension. Previous studies have used closed skill testing to assess ‘open’ skills in youth football players, often finding such measures to discriminate between elite and sub-elite groups. The current study used an example performance analysis template to; 1) Identify differences in performance indicators between pre-determined groups of elite and sub-elite performers during an open match environment; 2) Identify differences in performance indicators between positional groups of elite and sub-elite performers at separate levels of competition; 3) Individually identify sub-elite players compared to a normative profile of elite positional counterparts. Results from Mann-Whitney U testing suggested that elite players are significantly higher (p<0.0028) performers within 9 of 18 performance indicators. Comparisons refined by position and round of competition found only one indicator to distinguish between elite and sub-elite players. The use of a normative profiling method demonstrated how sub-elite players may be analysed relative to elite counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to the advantages of performance analysis as a preferred measure of game specific skills in the talent identification process.
The Use of Cell Phones to Address Safety Skills for Students With a Moderate ID in Community-Based Settings

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a video modeling (VM) intervention in conjunction with a system of least prompts (SLP) to teach safety skills using cell phones to students with a moderate intellectual disability. A multiple-probe design across three participants was used to assess student acquisition in taking and sending a picture of a key identifier (i.e., a sign) during a role-play scenario in which students pretended to be lost in the community. Intervention sessions were conducted at the students’ middle school, at their community-based instruction site, and at an unfamiliar community location. All students successfully learned to take and send the picture in the community locations at the mastery criterion and generalized the skills at an unfamiliar community site. Implications of the use of VM to address the integration of technology with safety skill instruction and other areas of future research are discussed.
Optimal taxation in the presence of a congested public good and an application to transport policy

In this paper we demonstrate that even if policies prior to reform have been rational, it is possible, in fact in certain policy areas likely, that a green tax reform, contrary to the perceived wisdom among economists, will be associated with a double-dividend, i.e. with both environmental and fiscal benefits. We first establish this theoretically by avoiding imposing potentially unrealistic separability assumptions, and by recognising that taxation involves administrative costs. To illustrate our theoretical results, we use graphical tools well-known from fishery economics to assess the effects of the introduction of a tax on road transport.
What Have We Been Missing? The Role of General World Knowledge in Discourse Processing

In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts processing. We describe several studies from the reading comprehension literature that show strong effects of general world knowledge. We also present a framework that can account for both episodic and general world knowledge effects, and that may be used to reconcile the memory-based and explanation-based views.
Automatic Tag Identification in Web Service Descriptions

With the increasing interest toward service-oriented architectures, the number of existing Web services is dramatically growing. Therefore, finding a particular service among this huge number of services is becoming a time-consuming task. User tags or keywords have proven to be a useful technique to smooth browsing experience in large document collections. Some service search engines, like Seekda, already propose this kind of facility. Service tagging, which is a fairly tedious and error prone task, is done manually by the providers and the users of the services. In this paper we propose an approach that automatically extracts tags from Web service descriptions. It identifies a set of relevant tags extracted from a service description and leaves only to the users the task of assigning tags not present in this description. The proposed approach is validated on a corpus of 146 services extracted from Seekda.
Etiologies and prognostic factors of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with skin involvement

Abstract In this study, outcomes of patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) were analyzed focusing on clinical, histopathology and laboratory findings, relapses, and survival. Data from patients with cutaneous vasculitis diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, at Dijon University Hospital (France) were retrospectively reviewed. LCV was defined as perivascular neutrophilic infiltrate, endothelial cell nuclear swelling, extravasation of red blood cells, and/or fibrin deposition in vessels. Patients were classified according to the 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference. Relapses were defined as the recurrence of vasculitis symptoms after a period of remission >1 month. Time to relapse and/or death was calculated from the date of diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate (Cox model) analyses were performed. A total of 112 patients (57 males and 55 females), with a mean age of 60 ± 19 (18–98) years, were analyzed. Overall follow-up was 61 ± 38 months. At diagnosis, all patients had skin lesions, purpura being the most common (n = 83). Lesions were associated with systemic involvement in 55 (51%) patients. Only 41 (36.6%) patients received specific treatment: glucocorticoids in 29 of 41 (70.7%) and immunosuppressants in 9 of 41 (22%). Sixty-two patients (55%) had LCV due to underlying causes, 29 (25.9%) had single-organ cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (SoCSVV), and 21 (18.8%) had unclassifiable LCV. Twenty patients of the cohort (18%) experienced relapse, 14 ± 13 (1–40) months after the diagnosis of LCV. None of the 29 patients with SoCSVV relapsed. Independent risk factors for relapse were vascular thrombosis in the biopsy [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.9; P = 0.017], peripheral neuropathy (HR = 9.8; P = 0.001), hepatitis (HR = 3.1; P = 0.004), and positive antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA, HR = 5.9 P = 0.005). In contrast, SoCSVV was a protective factor for relapse (HR = 0.12; P = 0.043). The 1-, 3-, and 6-year overall survival rates were 99%, 83%, and 71%, respectively, with no difference between relapsers and nonrelapsers (P = 0.960) or between SoCSVV and unclassifiable LCV (P = 0.588). This study demonstrates that global survival for LCV patients is good but relapses remain frequent, especially when the cutaneous biopsy shows vascular thrombosis, or in patients with peripheral neuropathy or hepatitis. Conversely, SoCSVV is a protective factor for relapse.
onsumer functional responses under intra-and interspecific interference ompetition ierre

Mechanistic models of population, community and ecosystem dynamics require the mathematical description of trophic interactions in the form of functional response equations. There is a wealth of such equations developed to incorporate the effects of multitude forms of foraging behaviour including intra-specific interference competition. However, there has been no attempt to include inter-specific behaviours beyond the obvious consumer–resource relationship, and thus, mechanistic models of com-
A 21-26-GHz SiGe bipolar power amplifier MMIC

A three-stage 21-26-GHz medium-power amplifier fabricated in f/sub T/=120 GHz 0.2 /spl mu/m SiGe HBT technology has 19 dB small-signal gain and 15 dB gain at maximum output power. It delivers 23 dBm, 19.75% PAE at 22 GHz, and 21 dBm, 13% PAE at 24 GHz. The differential common-base topology extends the supply to BV/sub CEO/ of the transistors (1.8 V). New on-chip components, such as onchip interconnects with floating differential shields, and self-shielding four-way power combining/dividing baluns provide inter-stage coupling and single-ended I/O interfaces at the input and output. The 2.45/spl times/2.45 mm/sup 2/ MMIC was mounted as a flipchip and tested without a heatsink.
Effects of K-rich in the targets and fabrication parameters on 0.95(K0.48Na0.52NbO3)-0.05(LiSbO3) films by pulsed laser deposition

0.95(K<inf>0.48</inf>Na<inf>0.52</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>)-0.05(LiSbO<inf>3</inf>) (95KNN-5LS) thin films have been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Pt/Ti/SiO<inf>2</inf>/Si substrates. The K-rich in the target and the fabrication parameters on the properties of the films was investigated. The results show that good films can be obtained with the 0.95(K<inf>0.48</inf>Na<inf>0.52</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>)-0.05(LiSbO<inf>3</inf>)-0.0228K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> (95KNN-5LS-4.56K) target, and the surface roughness, film orientation, composition and properties of the films are strongly dependent on the oxygen pressure and oblique angle from the plume axial direction in PLD process.
The road to walking: What learning to walk tells us about development

Learning to walk is one of the great achievements in human development. An aim of this chapter is to describe the developmental progression of locomotion, ranging from the spontaneous leg kicks of fetuses to the seemingly superhuman abilities of Tarahumaran endurance runners. Our chief aim, however, is to use the development of walking as an exemplar and metaphor for understanding development more broadly. The century-old study of the ontogeny of walking—from the classic descriptions of motor milestones to the modern recognition of the importance of experience in all forms of locomotion—provides one of the clearest, empirically based illustrations of the pragmatic and theoretical issues, methodological advances and conceptual pitfalls, and general principles and processes of development that is available to psychology.
Dynamic Characterization of Cohesive Material Based on Wave Velocity Measurements

The paper presents a description of the dynamic properties of cohesive material, namely silty clays, obtained by using one of the applied seismology methods, the bender elements technique. The authors’ aim was to present the dynamics of a porous medium, in particular an extremely important passage of seismic waves that travel through the bulk of a medium. Nowadays, the application of the bender element (BE) technique to measure, e.g., small strain shear stiffness of soils in the laboratory is well recognized, since it allows for reliable and relatively economical shear wave velocity measurements during various laboratory experiments. However, the accurate estimation of arrival time during BE tests is in many cases unclear. Two different interpretation procedures (from the time domain) of BE tests in order to measure travel times of waves were examined. Those values were then used to calculate shear and compression wave velocities and elastic moduli. Results showed that the dynamic parameters obtained by the start-to-start method were always slightly larger (up to about 20%) than those obtained using the peak-to-peak one. It was found that the peak-to-peak method led to more scattered results in comparison to the start-to-start method. Moreover, the influence of the excitation frequency, the mean effective stress and the unloading process on the dynamic properties of the tested material was studied. In addition, the obtained results highlighted the importance of initial signal frequency and the necessity to choose an appropriate range of frequencies to measure the shear wave velocity in clayey soils.