Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Rank-Order Procedure Applied to an Ethoexperimental Behavior Model—The Multivariate Concentric Square Field TM (MCSF) Test

Designing relevant animal models in order to investigate the neurobiological basis for human mental disorders is an important challenge. The need for new tests to be developed and traditional tests to be improved has recently been em-phasized. The authors propose a multivariate test approach, the multivariate concentric square fieldTM (MCSF) test. To measure and evaluate variation in the behavioral traits, we here put forward a statistical procedure of which the working title is “trend analysis”. Low doses of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam (DZP; 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/kg) were used for exploring the use of the trend analysis in combination with multivariate data analysis for assessment of MCSF per-formance in rats. The commonly used elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used for comparison. The trend analysis comparing vehicle and the DZP1.5 groups revealed significantly higher general activity and risk-taking behavior in the DZP1.5 rats relative to vehicle rats. This finding was supported by multivariate data analysis procedures. It is concluded that the trend analysis together with multivariate data analysis procedures offers possibilities to extract information and illustrates effects obtained in the MCSF test. Diazepam in doses that have no apparent increase in open arm activity in the EPM was effective to alter the behavior in the MCSF test. The MCSF test and the use of multivariate data analysis and the proposed trend analysis may be useful alternatives to behavioral test batteries and traditionally used tests for the understanding of mechanisms underlying various mental states. Finally, the impact of an ethological reasoning and multivariate measures enabling behavioral profiling of animals may be a useful complementary methodology when phenotyping animals in behavioral neuroscience.
99mTc Labeled Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Analogue (99mTc-GLP1) Scintigraphy in the Management of Patients with Occult Insulinoma

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the utility of [Lys40(Ahx-HYNIC-99mTc/EDDA)NH2]-exendin-4 scintigraphy in the management of patients with hypoglycemia, particularly in the detection of occult insulinoma. Materials and Methods Forty patients with hypoglycemia and increased/confusing results of serum insulin and C-peptide concentration and negative/inconclusive results of other imaging examinations were enrolled in the study. In all patients GLP-1 receptor imaging was performed to localise potential pancreatic lesions. Results Positive results of GLP-1 scintigraphy were observed in 28 patients. In 18 patients postsurgical histopathological examination confirmed diagnosis of insulinoma. Two patients had contraindications to the surgery, one patient did not want to be operated. One patient, who presented with postprandial hypoglycemia, with positive result of GLP-1 imaging was not qualified for surgery and is in the observational group. Eight patients were lost for follow up, among them 6 patients with positive GLP-1 scintigraphy result. One patient with negative scintigraphy was diagnosed with malignant insulinoma. In two patients with negative scintigraphy Munchausen syndrome was diagnosed (patients were taking insulin). Other seven patients with negative results of 99mTcGLP-1 scintigraphy and postprandial hypoglycemia with C-peptide and insulin levels within the limits of normal ranges are in the observational group. We would like to mention that 99mTc-GLP1-SPECT/CT was also performed in 3 pts with nesidioblastosis (revealing diffuse tracer uptake in two and a focal lesion in one case) and in two patients with malignant insulinoma (with the a focal uptake in the localization of a removed pancreatic headin one case and negative GLP-1 1 scintigraphy in the other patient). Conclusions 99mTc-GLP1-SPECT/CT could be helpful examination in the management of patients with hypoglycemia enabling proper localization of the pancreatic lesion and effective surgical treatment. This imaging technique may eliminate the need to perform invasive procedures in case of occult insulinoma.
Capital-Skill Complementarity, Embodied Technological Progress and Unemployment Inequality

We build an intertemporal general equilibrium framework with a double heterogeneity: simple vs. complex jobs and low vs. high skilled workers. The key feature of our model is Capital-Skill Complementarity in the final sector aggregate production function. A fourfactor production function with dierent substitution elasticities between the two types of capital and the two types of labour is employed. In such a way, biased technological change is introduced via CSC and embodied technical progress. We quantitatively assess the contributions of dierent explanations to the Belgian labour market dynamics over the
Partial Adjustment or Stale Prices? Implications from Stock Index and Futures Return Autocorrelations

We investigate the relation between returns on stock indices and their corresponding futures contracts to evaluate potential explanations for the pervasive yet anomalous evidence of positive, short-horizon portfolio autocorrelations. Using a simple theoretical framework, we generate empirical implications for both microstructure and partial adjustment models. The major findings are (i) return autocorrelations of indices are generally positive even though futures contracts have autocorrelations close to zero, and (ii) these autocorrelation differences are maintained under conditions favorable for spot-futures arbitrage and are most prevalent during low-volume periods. These results point toward microstructure-based explanations and away from explanations based on behavioral models. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Diffusional water permeability of human erythrocytes and their ghosts

The diffusional water permeability of human red cells and ghosts was determined by measuring the rate of tracer efflux by means of an improved version of the continuous flow tube method, having a time resolution of 2-3 ms. At 25 degrees C, the permeability was 2.4 x 10(3) and 2.9 x 10(3) cm s-1 for red cells and ghosts, respectively. Permeability was affected by neither a change in pH from 5.5 to 9.5, nor by osmolality up to 3.3 osmol. Manganous ions at an extracellular concentration of 19 mM did not change diffusional water permeability, as recently suggested by NMR measurements. A "ground" permeability of 1 x 10(3) cm s-1 was obtained by inhibition with 1 mM of either p- chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS). Inhibition increased temperature dependence of water permeability for red cells and ghosts from 21 to 30 kJ mol-1 to 60 kJ mol-1. Although diffusional water permeability is about one order of magnitude lower than osmotic permeability, inhibition with PCMB and PCMBS, temperature dependence both before and after inhibition, and independence of osmolality showed that diffusional water permeability has qualitative features similar to those reported for osmotic permeability, which indicates that the same properties of the membrane determine both types of transport. It is suggested that the PCMB(S)- sensitive permeability above the ground permeability takes place through the intermediate phase between integral membrane proteins and their surrounding lipids.
A Comparative Study of Job Motivation and Work Engagement among Teachers Working in Smart and Ordinary Middle and High Schools in Parsabad

The present study was carried out in order to compare job motivation and work engagement among teachers working in smart and ordinary middle and high schools in Parsabad, Ardabil province, Iran. The present study was an applied experiment with regard to its aim, and a causal-comparative non-experimental research regarding the method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers working in (smart and ordinary) middle and high schools in Parsabad in the academic year of 2016-17. Morgan table was used to select 60 teachers working in smart schools and 235 teachers working in ordinary schools by a stratified random sampling method. In order to collect the required data, Schaufeli and Bakker Work Engagement Questionnaire (with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.82) and Hackman and Oldham Job Motivation Questionnaire (with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.79) were utilized. T-test was used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between teachers working in smart and ordinary middle and high schools of Parsabad in terms of job motivation and work engagement, such that teachers of smart schools had a higher level of job motivation and work engagement than those working in ordinary schools. The results also indicated that the mean scores of job motivation and work engagement components were higher among teachers of smart schools than ordinary schools.
Author ' s personal copy Optimising anti-spam filters with evolutionary algorithms

This work is devoted to the problem of optimising scores for anti-spam filters, which is essential for the accuracy of any filter based anti-spam system, and is also one of the biggest challenges in this research area. In particular, this optimisation problem is considered from two different points of view: single and multiobjective problem formulations. Some of existing approaches within both formulations are surveyed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Two most popular evolutionary multiobjective algorithms and one single objective algorithm are adapted to optimisation of the anti-spam filters’ scores and compared on publicly available datasets widely used for benchmarking purposes. This comparison is discussed, and the recommendations for the developers and users of optimising anti-spam filters are provided. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modeling shortwave solar radiation using the JGrass-NewAge system

Abstract. This paper presents two new modeling components based on the object modeling system v3 (OMS3) for the calculation of the shortwave incident radiation (Rsw↓) on complex topography settings, and the implementation of several ancillary tools. The first component, NewAGE-SwRB, accounts for elevation slope, aspect, shadow of the sites, and uses suitable parameterization for obtaining the cloudless irradiance. A second component, NewAGE-DEC-MOD's is implemented to estimate the irradiance reduction due to the presence of clouds according to three parameterizations. To obtain a working modeling composition that is comparable with ground data at measurement stations the two components are connected to a kriging component. With the help of an additional component, NewAGE-V (verification package), the performance of modeled (Rsw↓) is quantitatively evaluated. The two components (and the various parameterizations they contain) are tested using the data from three basins, and some simple verification tests were carried out to assess the goodness of the methods used. Moreover, a raster mode test is performed in order to show the capability of the system in providing solar radiation raster maps. The components are part of a larger system, JGrass-NewAGE, their input and outputs are geometrical objects immediately displayed in a geographical information system (GIS). They can be used seamlessly with the various modeling solutions available in JGrass-NewAGE for the estimation of long wave radiation, evapotranspiration, and snow melting, as well as standalone components to just estimate shortwave radiation for various uses. The modularity of the approach leads to more accurate physical-statistical studies aimed to assess in depth the components' performances and extends their results spatially, without the necessity of recoding any part of the component.
EFFECTS OF NEONATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONAL ACTIVATION IN RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE

iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank Dr. Anna Klintsova for being an absolutely great mentor both in the lab and outside the lab. I originally came to the lab with virtually no experience in scientific research. At my interview, I couldn't even answer the (now) simple question, " Which do you add first? The water or acid? " Regardless, she gave me a chance and I can now say this has been the best learning experience I have had in my entire four years in college. Dr. Klintsova's zero tolerance for anything short of hard work has stuck with me and is part of the reason for my success here at the University and will stay with me during my medical education and beyond. I would also like to thank Gillian Hamilton and Steve St. Cyr for everything they have taught me. Because of them, I am able to work independently within the lab and have adjusted to the strange world that is scientific research. Also, thanks to all the other undergraduates in the Klintsova lab, and hope the best for their future thesis projects. A special thank you to Karen Boschen for the countless amount of hours she invested in me towards my completion of this thesis. I can honestly say no matter how many questions I had, she never became frustrated with me and was always very patient. I knew I could always count on her. She has been a great mentor and even better friend. I just wish I could return the favor. Maybe someday. To finish, I would like to thank my family and friends for all of their support during my undergraduate career. I could not have asked for better people in my life. Figure 1. Qualitative differences between hippocampal FosB/∆FosB expression in DG of SH and WR animals, respectively. FosB/∆FosB+ cells are darkly stained (arrows). GCL is the granule cell layer and ML refers to the molecular layer. No visible difference between the numbers of FosB/∆FosB+ cells is seen between (A.) SC/SH condition and (B.) Figure 3. Qualitative differences between hippocampal FosB/∆FosB expression in CA1 of SH and WR animals, respectively. FosB/∆FosB+ cells are dark (arrows) in comparison to background. PCL is the pyramidal cell layer. (A.) SC/SH condition shows qualitatively less FosB/∆FosB+ cells than (B.) SC/WR condition. Figure 4. Number of FosB/Δ FosB+ cells/mm 2 in CA1 of PD42 rodents across experimental conditions. …
Effective collaborative working between nurses in a multicultural setting in Saudi Arabia : barriers and solutions

Research Aim The chief aim of this Saudi-based study is to provide an in-depth understanding of how nurses and nurse managers perceive culture and effective and ineffective collaborative working in a highly multicultural healthcare setting. Methods A qualitative case study approach was used. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted to better understand how nurses and nurse managers perceive culture and how this impacts effective and ineffective collaborative working in a large hospital in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A literature review guided the development of an interview schedule, underpinned by the Purnell Competence Model (Purnell, 2002). The results of all interview data were collected, transcribed, and analysed inductively and deductively. Principal Findings Fourteen items in total from the in-depth semi-structured interview can help to identify the barriers and facilitators of multicultural nurses working together. The Purnell Model proved its efficiency to be used for multicultural nurses’ collaboration in a Saudi hospital, but a further three themes emerged beyond the Purnell Model of Cultural Competence to better describe the current case study. Conclusions In order for optimal healthcare to be provided by multicultural nurses, it is essential that they collaborate effectively. This can be accomplished through appropriate practices, training, education, and research, as well as professional and self-awareness through cultural competence; publicising ethical guidelines and enacting regulation by the Ministry of Health in KSA. Importance and Relevance This study is the first study to describe the barriers and facilitators of multicultural nurses working together in any context and specifically in a KSA context. There have been no studies into the barriers and facilitators in a Saudi context. Therefore, the academic contribution of this thesis will help to fill the gap in knowledge. A few studies have previously been conducted in Saudi Arabia, but these focus on barriers to nurse-patient relationships, rather than multicultural nurses working together. The results of this thesis will inform the future multicultural nursing workforce collaboration strategies of the KSA Ministry of Health and ultimately impact on patient care through better working relationships.
The role of transcriptome resilience in resistance of corals to bleaching

Wild populations increasingly experience extreme conditions as climate change amplifies environmental variability. How individuals respond to environmental extremes determines the impact of climate change overall. The variability of response from individual to individual can represent the opportunity for natural selection to occur as a result of extreme conditions. Here, we experimentally replicated the natural exposure to extreme temperatures of the reef lagoon at Ofu Island (American Samoa), where corals can experience severe heat stress during midday low tide. We investigated the bleaching and transcriptome response of 20 Acropora hyacinthus colonies 5 and 20 h after exposure to control (29 °C) or heated (35 °C) conditions. We found a highly dynamic transcriptome response: 27% of the coral transcriptome was significantly regulated 1 h postheat exposure. Yet 15 h later, when heat‐induced coral bleaching became apparent, only 12% of the transcriptome was differentially regulated. A large proportion of responsive genes at the first time point returned to control levels, others remained differentially expressed over time, while an entirely different subset of genes was successively regulated at the second time point. However, a noteworthy variability in gene expression was observed among individual coral colonies. Among the genes of which expression lingered over time, fast return to normal levels was associated with low bleaching. Colonies that maintained higher expression levels of these genes bleached severely. Return to normal levels of gene expression after stress has been termed transcriptome resilience, and in the case of some specific genes may signal the physiological health and response ability of individuals to environmental stress.
Assessing the Relationship between TAM Constructs, Technology Characteristic, and Behavioral Intention to Use E-Learning

E-learning is a popular teaching method in institutions of higher education including Universiti Teknologi MARA. This teaching method solves the problems of time, space, and cost in learning. Despite its importance and popularity, the usage of elearning is not fully utilized by the students. Due to that, the objective of this study is to assess the relationship between technology acceptance model (TAM) construct, technology characteristic, and intention behavior to use e-learning in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang, Malaysia. A modified TAM was applied in this study. A questionnaire was adapted and used to gather information from 142 Bachelors’ degree students. IBM SPSS (version 24) was used to analyze the data. The reliability, correlation, and regression analysis were applied on four variables, namely perceive ease of use, perceive usefulness, attitude toward using e-learning, and technology characteristic. The result shows that all the variables have significant influence towards the intention behavior to use e-learning. The technology characteristic is the variable that influences the most towards the intention to use e-learning. The result is expected to contribute to the university and academicians to improve e-learning system for students’ benefits. In addition, this study hopes to contribute in literature as an effort to improve the usage of e-learning in institutions of higher education. Keywords— e-learning; technology acceptance model; behavioral intention; attitude; technology characteristic
Crystal Growth in the Presence of Surface Melting and Impurities: An Explanation of Snow Crystal Growth Morphologies

We examine the molecular dynamics of crystal growth in the presence of surface melting and surface impurities, and from this propose a detailed microscopic model for the growth of ice from the vapor phase. Our model naturally accounts for many aspects of the experimental data that are otherwise difficult to explain, and it suggests a variety of measurements that can provide further confirmation. Although additional work is needed to refine these ideas, we believe that the combined influences of surface melting and impurities provide a viable solution to the 60-year-old mystery of why snow crystal morphologies vary so dramatically with temperature.
Biophysical and yield information for precision farming from near-real-time and historical Landsat TM images

The main goal of this study was to quantify within and between field variability in mapping agricultural crop types, their biophysical characteristics, and yield for precision-farming applications using near-real-time and historical (archival) Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images. Data for six crops (wheat, barley, chickpea, lentil, vetch and cumin) were gathered from a representative benchmark study area in the semi-arid environment of the world. Spectro-biophysical and yield models were established for each crop using a near-real-time TM image of 6 April 1998 acquired to coincide with an extensive ground data collection campaign. The models developed using this near-real-time acquisition were then used to extrapolate and quantify characteristics in the historical Landsat TM images of 5 April 1986 and 4 May 1988 acquired for the same area with limited ground data, thus adding scientific and commercial value to archival TM images. A farm-by-farm (or pixel-by-pixel) within and between field variability in agricultural land cover, biophysical quantities [e.g. biomass and Leaf Area Index (LAI)] and yield was established and illustrated. For the near-real-time image of 1998: (a) quantitative biophysical characteristics such as LAI and biomass were mapped at 81% overall accuracy ( K hat =0.76) or higher; (b) within field variability (commission errors) was mapped with an accuracy between 74-100%; and (c) between field variability (omission errors) was mapped with an accuracy between 76-100%. Temporal variability in biomass and LAI were mapped for the study area and highlighted for individual farms. Significant relationships existed between grain yields measured using field-based combine-mounted sensors and Landsat TM derived indices. The results demonstrate the ability of using near-real-time and historical Landsat TM images for obtaining quantitative biophysical and yield information that highlight within and between field variability, which is of critical importance in precision-farming applications.