Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ieee Transactions on Wireless Communications Cross-layer Congestion and Contention Control for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

— We consider joint congestion and contention control for multihop wireless ad hoc networks, where the goal is to find optimal end-to-end source rates at the transport layer and per-link persistence probabilities at the medium access control (MAC) layer to maximize the aggregate source utility. The primal formulation of this problem is non-convex and non-separable. Under certain conditions, by applying appropriate transformations and introducing new variables, we obtain a decoupled and dual-decomposable convex formulation. For general non-logarithmic concave utilities, we develop a novel dual-based distributed algorithm using the subgradient method. In this algorithm, sources at the transport layer adjust their log rates to maximize their net benefits, while links at the MAC layer select transmission probabilities proportional to their conceived contribution to the system reward. The two layers are connected and coordinated by link prices. Our solutions enjoy the benefits of cross-layer optimization while maintaining the simplicity and modularity of the traditional layered architecture. I. INTRODUCTION Ad-hoc wireless networks are usually defined as an autonomous system of nodes connected by wireless links and communicating in a multi-hop fashion. The benefits of ad-hoc networks are many, but the most important one is their ease of deployment without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure, thereby enabling an inexpensive way to achieve the goal of ubiquitous communications. One of the fundamental tasks that an ad hoc network should often perform is congestion control. Congestion control is the mechanism by which the network bandwidth is distributed across multiple end-to-end connections 1. Its main objective is to limit the delay and buffer overflow caused by network congestion and provide tradeoffs between efficient and fair resource allocation [2]. In wireline networks, congestion control is implemented at the transport layer and is often designed separately from functions of other layers. Since wired links have fixed capacities and are independent, this methodology is well justified
Centralized and Decentralized Supervisory Control of Nondeterministic Systems Under Partial Observation

In this paper we extend our earlier work on supervisory control of nondeterministic systems using prioritized synchronization as the mechanism of control and trajectory model as the modeling formalism by considering design of supervisors under partial observation. We introduce the notion of observation-compatible systems and show that prioritized synchronous composition (PSC) of observation-compatible systems can be used as a mechanism of control of nondeterministic systems under partial observation in presence of driven events. Necessary and sufficient conditions that depend on the trajectory model as opposed to the language model of the plant are obtained for the existence of centralized as well as decentralized supervision. Our work on centralized control shows that the results of the traditional supervisory control can be ``extended" to the above setting, provided that the supervisor is deterministic and the observation mask is projection type. On the other hand, our work on decentralized control is based on a new relation between controllability, observability, co-observability, and PSC that we derive in this paper.
Epigenetic Dysregulation in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Laryngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer with poor prognosis. Patients with laryngeal carcinoma usually present late leading to the reduced treatment efficacy and high rate of recurrence. Despite the advance in the use of molecular markers for monitoring human cancers in the past decades, there are still no reliable markers for use to screen laryngeal carcinoma and follow the patients after treatment. Epigenetics emerged as an important field in understanding the biology of the human malignancies. Epigenetic alterations refer to the dysregulation of gene, which do not involve the alterations of the DNA sequence. Major epigenetic changes including methylation imbalance, histone modification, and small RNA dysregulation could play a role in the development of human malignancies. Global epigenetic change is now regarded as a molecular signature of cancer. The characteristics and behavior of a cancer could be predicted based on the specific epigenetic pattern. We here provide a review on the understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in laryngeal carcinoma. Further knowledge on the initiation and progression of laryngeal carcinoma at epigenetic level could promote the translation of the knowledge to clinical use.
Subjective evaluation of HEVC in mobile devices

Mobile compute environments provide a unique set of user needs and expectations that designers must consider. With increased multimedia use in mobile environments, video encoding methods within the smart phone market segment are key factors that contribute to positive user experience. Currently available display resolutions and expected cellular bandwidth are major factors the designer must consider when determining which encoding methods should be supported. The desired goal is to maximize the consumer experience, reduce cost, and reduce time to market. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of the quality of user experience when HEVC and AVC/H.264 video coding standards were used. The goal of the study was to evaluate any improvements in user experience when using HEVC. Subjective comparisons were made between H.264/AVC and HEVC encoding standards in accordance with Doublestimulus impairment scale (DSIS) as defined by ITU-R BT.500-13. Test environments are based on smart phone LCD resolutions and expected cellular bit rates, such as 200kbps and 400kbps. Subjective feedback shows both encoding methods are adequate at 400kbps constant bit rate. However, a noticeable consumer experience gap was observed for 200 kbps. Significantly less H.264 subjective quality is noticed with video sequences that have multiple objects moving and no single point of visual attraction. Video sequences with single points of visual attraction or few moving objects tended to have higher H.264 subjective quality.
Incompleteness, Mechanism, and Optimism

§1. Overview. Philosophers and mathematicians have drawn lots of conclusions from Gödel's incompleteness theorems, and related results from mathematical logic. Languages, minds, and machines figure prominently in the discussion. Gödel's theorems surely tell us something about these important matters. But what? A descriptive title for this paper would be “Gödel, Lucas, Penrose, Turing, Feferman, Dummett, mechanism, optimism, reflection, and indefinite extensibility”. Adding “God and the Devil” would probably be redundant. Despite the breath-taking, whirlwind tour, I have the modest aim of forging connections between different parts of this literature and clearing up some confusions, together with the less modest aim of not introducing any more confusions. I propose to focus on three spheres within the literature on incompleteness. The first, and primary, one concerns arguments that Gödel's theorem refutes the mechanistic thesis that the human mind is, or can be accurately modeled as, a digital computer or a Turing machine. The most famous instance is the much reprinted J. R. Lucas [18]. To summarize, suppose that a mechanist provides plans for a machine, M, and claims that the output of M consists of all and only the arithmetic truths that a human (like Lucas), or the totality of human mathematicians, will ever or can ever know. We assume that the output of M is consistent.
The nature and extent of discrimination in the marketplace: Evidence from the field

Empirical studies have provided evidence that discrimination exists in various markets, but they rarely allow the analyst to draw conclusions concerning the nature of discrimination. By combining data from bilateral negotiations in the sportscard market with complementary field experiments, this study provides a framework that amends this shortcoming. The experimental design, which includes data gathered from more than 1100 market participants, provides sharp findings: (i) there is a strong tendency for minorities to receive initial and final offers that are inferior to those received by majorities, and (ii) overall, the data indicate that the observed discrimination is not due to animus, but represents statistical discrimination.
On Convergence in Elliptic Shape Optimization

The present paper aims at analyzing the existence and convergence of approximate solutions in shape optimization. Motivated by illustrative examples, an abstract setting of the underlying shape optimization problem is suggested, taking into account the so-called two norm discrepancy. A Ritz-Galerkin-type method is applied to solve the associated necessary condition. Existence and convergence of approximate solutions are proved, provided that the infinite dimensional shape problem admits a stable second order optimizer. The rate of convergence is confirmed by numerical results.
An Effective Flipped Classroom Based on Log Information of Self-Study

Flipped classrooms have recently begun to attract attention. In a flipped classroom, the roles of a classroom and homework are reversed. Specifically, the students study on their own by using digital teaching materials or e-learning prior to a school hours and apply their learning mainly in the classroom discussions. In this paper, we propose a method for an effective flipped classroom based on the log information of the self-study. Specifically, when students study by e-learning at home, we collect learning logs. We classify students into groups on the basis of their study time and degree of understanding by analyzing the learning logs. We can improve the degree of understanding of the students by conducting a discussion and/or giving a presentation to each group in the classroom.
Gesture and speech in interaction : An overview

Gestures and speech interact. They are linked in language production and perception, with their interaction contributing to felicitous communication. The multifaceted nature of these interactions has attracted considerable attention from the speech and gesture community. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of manual and head gesture form and function, of the principle functional interactions between gesture and speech aiding communication, transporting meaning and producing speech. Furthermore, we present an overview of research on temporal speech-gesture synchrony, including the special role of prosody in speech-gesture alignment. In addition, we provide a summary of tools and data available for gesture analysis, and describe speech-gesture interaction models and simulations in technical systems. This overview also serves as an introduction to a Special Issue covering a wide range of articles on these topics. We provide links to the Special Issue throughout this paper. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mummy Blogs and Representations of Motherhood: “Bad Mummies” and Their Readers

Digital technologies have opened up new environments in which the experiences of motherhood and mothering are narrated and negotiated. Studies of “mummy blogs” have explored the ways in which blogs, as social media networks, can provide solace, support, and social capital for mothers. However, research has not addressed how mothers, as readers of blogs, use the mamasphere as a cultural site through which the identities and role of motherhood, and the mother–child relationship, are socially and digitally (re)constructed. This article focuses on confessional blogging of the “bad” or “slummy” mummy: blogs that share stories of boredom, frustration, and maternal deficiency while relishing the subversive status of the “bad” mummy. Drawing on understandings of social media as a space of social surveillance and networked publics, the article argues that in framing narratives of motherhood in terms of parental failure and a desperation for gin, “bad mummy” blogs collapse social contexts in important and interesting ways. Using an example of a conflict between two mummy bloggers, the article will reflect on the ways in which the digital terrain of motherhood can both liberate and constrain: a space for mothers to express and share frustrations and seek solidarity, a space of public condemnation and judgment, and a space that poses ethical issues in the digital curation of family life.
Social Perspective Taking and Metacognition of Children: A Longitudinal View Across the Fifth Grade of School

Social perspective taking (SPT) is understanding the social situation of another person. SPT helps us to communicate effectively and to foster social bonds, both of which are skill sets that youths need to succeed at school and in life. SPT has been associated with reading experience (RE), but there has been little research on the factors that support SPT at school. SPT involves understanding the fictional characters described in a text. Metacognitive strategies (MCSs) taught in class help students comprehend a text. Our aims were, therefore, to investigate the interrelations between these concepts and to test whether variance in SPT is indirectly explained by RE with books via using MCSs during in-class reading activities. In the current study, N = 2,105 fifth-grade students’ SPT, RE and MCSs were measured 3 times over 1 year of school. The sample consisted of students at all-day schools with a focus on social learning and reading from a nationally representative study. The results indicate interrelations between these concepts over time and the postulated indirect effect. Variance in SPT was partially explained by the MCSs, variance in that was in turn explained by RE assessed 5 months before. This suggests that teaching MCSs provides a way to support students’ SPT when reading texts with fictional characters and when students have experience in reading.
Aquatic Insects as a Vector for Mycobacterium ulcerans

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium ulcerans is an emerging environmental pathogen which causes chronic skin ulcers (i.e., Buruli ulcer) in otherwise healthy humans living in tropical countries, particularly those in Africa. In spite of epidemiological and PCR data linking M. ulcerans to water, the mode of transmission of this organism remains elusive. To determine the role of aquatic insects in the transmission of M. ulcerans, we have set up an experimental model with aquariums that mimic aquatic microenvironments. We report that M. ulcerans may be transmitted to laboratory mice by the bite of aquatic bugs (Naucoridae) that are infected with this organism. In addition, M. ulcerans appears to be localized exclusively within salivary glands of these insects, where it can both survive and multiply without causing any observable damage in the insect tissues. Subsequently, we isolated M. ulcerans from wild aquatic insects collected from a zone in the Daloa region of Ivory Coast where Buruli ulcer is endemic. Taken together, these results point to aquatic insects as a possible vector of M. ulcerans.
FAS 1 Domain of Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Fastatin , the Fourth

We previously reported that the FAS1 domains of Big-h3 bear motifs that mediate endothelial cell adhesion and migration via interactions with AvB3 integrin and regulate angiogenesis. In the present study, we show that the fourth FAS1 domain, designated fastatin, inhibits endothelial adhesion and migration, not only to Big-h3, but also fibronectin and vitronectin, in a RGD-dependent manner. Fastatin and other FAS1 domains suppress endothelial cell tube formation and in vivo neovascularization in a Matrigel plug assay. The antiangiogenic activity of fastatin is associated with antitumor activity in mouse tumor models. Fastatin additionally induces apoptosis in several cells expressing AvB3 integrin, including endothelial cells. Binding of fastatin to AvB3 integrin inhibits phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, Raf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin. Fastatin is thus the first endogenous angiogenesis regulator identified that inhibits both endothelial cell migration and growth by binding to AvB3 integrin. Our data suggest that FAS1 domains from all possible forms of the four human FAS1 family proteins are potential endogenous regulators for pathologic angiogenesis. Moreover, FAS1 domains such as fastatin may be developed into drugs for blocking tumor angiogenesis. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(10): 4153-61)
Weighing China's Export Basket: An Account of the Chinese Export Boom, 2000--2007

In this paper we use new, detailed and comprehensive linked firm-product data to describe various dimensions of the Chinese export boom from 2000-2007. Our analysis indicates that firm entry played a larger role in China's export boom than is the case in other countries, and that processing firms were an important component of this. Our estimates of value-added suggest that the foreign content of China's exports is much higher than previously estimated. Finally, our estimates of technological intensity show that Chinese exports had been increasingly intensive in technology, but the overall intensity is lower when the exports are evaluated by domestic value-added than by final value.
Organizational Routines and Institutional Maintenance: The Influence of Legal Artifacts

This article investigates how managers perform routines under artifacts in an institutionalized environment designed to exert pressure to comply. Using the framework of routines as generative systems, we studied the legally regulated disciplinary sanction routine in French public nursing homes. We found that managers tend to choose lesser penalties than those specified by law, and that legal artifacts have both coercive and symbolic dimensions that influence routines in different ways. The coercive dimension favors compliance with formal procedures but motivates departure in substance (penalty). In contrast, the symbolic dimension motivates compliance in substance and leads to complementary actions. The combination of the opposed influences tends to limit departure in substance, and helps maintain both artifacts and the institution that they carry. Our findings contribute to linking the routine and institutional literatures, and may be of interest to organizational control scholars.
Using Multiple Sources to Construct a Sentiment Sensitive Thesaurus for Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification

We describe a sentiment classification method that is applicable when we do not have any labeled data for a target domain but have some labeled data for multiple other domains, designated as the source domains. We automatically create a sentiment sensitive thesaurus using both labeled and unlabeled data from multiple source domains to find the association between words that express similar sentiments in different domains. The created thesaurus is then used to expand feature vectors to train a binary classifier. Unlike previous cross-domain sentiment classification methods, our method can efficiently learn from multiple source domains. Our method significantly outperforms numerous baselines and returns results that are better than or comparable to previous cross-domain sentiment classification methods on a benchmark dataset containing Amazon user reviews for different types of products.
Psychosocial Stress, Race, and Social Support among Breastfeeding Mothers in the American South

The effects of maternal stress on breastfeeding and ultimately infant health are largely under-studied. This is of particular concern given the documented disparities in rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration among Black women compared to White women in the United States, the underlying causes of which are debated. This study assesses psychosocial stress and levels of peer support among Black and White mothers of infants in Georgia through participant survey, perceived stress scale (PSS), and assay of hair samples for cortisol concentration. Findings suggest maternal cortisol production is tied to parity, perceived stress and perceived social support rather than received social support. Breastfeeding outcomes were associated with increases in maternal age, indicating significant levels of agency and access to resources which support exclusive breastfeeding. INDEX WORDS: Breastfeeding, Cortisol, Race, Social Support, Social Determinants of Health, Psychosocial Stress PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, RACE, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH
Evaluation of optimized staffing for feature development and bug fixing

Skill level and productivity varies substantially between developers. In current staffing practices, however, developers are largely treated as the same. In this paper, an empirical analysis of the tow formulations of assignment of developers to tasks and bug fixing activities is studied. Two related problems are considered: (i) Assignment of developers to bug fixing with the objective to achieve best match between requested skill profile and assigned developer's skill profile. (ii) Assignment of developers to feature-related tasks in iterative development process. Two optimization approaches have been customized to determine qualified staffing plans. They are based on greedy optimization respectively genetic algorithm (GA). Empirical analysis is done for nine milestones of the open source Eclipse JDT project and two industrial case study projects. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is that substantial savings can be achieved from optimized staffing policies when compared to the manual plans formerly applied. More specifically, the GA results are mostly the best, and the (lightweight) Greedy search becomes the better the bigger the look-ahead time L. Overall, the results are considered as decision support in finding better staffing policies in shorter time.
INTEGRAL and RXTE Observations of Centaurus A

INTEGRAL and RXTE performed three simultaneous observations of the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A in 2003 March, 2004 January, and 2004 February with the goals of investigating the geometry and emission processes via the spectral/temporal variability of the X-ray/low-energy gamma-ray flux, and intercalibration of the INTEGRAL instruments with respect to those on RXTE. Cen A was detected by both sets of instruments from 3 to 240 keV. When combined with earlier archival RXTE results, we find the power-law continuum flux and the line-of-sight column depth varied independently by 60% between 2000 January and 2003 March. Including the three archival RXTE observations, the iron-line flux was essentially unchanging, and from this we conclude that the iron-line-emitting material is distant from the site of the continuum emission, and that the origin of the iron-line flux is still an open question. Taking X-ray spectral measurements from satellite missions since 1970 into account, we discover a variability in the column depth between 1.0 × 1023 and 1.5 × 1023 cm-2 separated by approximately 20 yr, and suggest that variations in the edge of a warped accretion disk viewed nearly edge-on might be the cause. The INTEGRAL OSA 4.2 calibration of JEM-X, ISGRI, and SPI yields power-law indices consistent with the RXTE PCA and HEXTE values, but the indices derived from ISGRI alone are about 0.2 greater. Significant systematics are the limiting factor for INTEGRAL spectral parameter determination.