Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoidant coping as a mediator between appearance-related victimization and self-esteem in young Australian adolescents

Peer victimization, especially appearance-related bullying, is a highly stressful experience for a young person and is associated with significant negative outcomes. Perhaps, the most common consequence of peer victimization in adolescence is lowered self-esteem. Evidence supports the role of low self-esteem as a non-specific risk factor and high self-esteem as a protective factor in the development of mental disorders and social problems in adolescence. Moreover, the literature indicates a robust negative relationship between avoidant coping (i.e. distracting oneself, wishing the situation would go away) and psychological well-being. In this paper, we test a mediational model of the associations between appearance-related victimization, avoidance coping and self-esteem in young Australian adolescents. Boys (N = 194) and girls (N = 185) with a mean age of 11 years completed measures assessing self-esteem, appearance-related victimization and styles of coping. The results showed that avoidant coping partially mediates the association between appearance-related bullying problems and self-esteem among young adolescents. This finding provides a specific target for psychosocial interventions in schools.
The Validity of Scores on the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery

The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB) and also the extent of overlap between the MAB and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales–Revised (WAIS-R). The sample consisted of 55 men and 30 women who were administered the WAIS-R and the MAB. Factor analysis showed that the MAB assesses two distinct aspects of intelligence: verbal and performance abilities. The validity coefficients indicated there was substantial overlap between the WAIS-R and MAB Verbal, Performance, and Total scale scores. However, 4 of the 10 MAB subtests did not correlate with the WAIS-R subscales they were designed to represent. It was concluded that the MAB is a suitable alternative to the WAIS-R when an indication of verbal, performance, or general abilities is required; however, the MAB should not be used when detailed information is required on specific abilities.
Predicting co-morbidities in chemically sensitive individuals from exhaled breath analysis

ABSTRACT The exhaled breath of more than four hundred patients who presented at the Environmental Health Center - Dallas with chemical sensitivity conditions were analyzed for the relative abundance of their breath chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. All presenting patients had no fewer than four and as many as eight co-morbid conditions. Surprisingly, almost all the exhaled breath analyses showed the presence of a preponderance of lipophilic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrophilic compounds present were almost entirely of natural origin, i.e. expected metabolites of foods. The lipophile, primarily C3 to C16 hydrocarbons and believed to have come from inhalation of polluted air, were, in all cases, present at concentrations far below those known to be toxic to humans, but caused sensitivity and signs of chemical overload. The co-morbid health effects observed are believed to be caused by the sequential absorption of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals; an initial absorption and retention of lipophile followed by a subsequent absorption of hydrophilic species facilitated by the retained lipophile to produce chemical mixtures that are toxic at very low levels. It is hypothesized that co-morbid conditions in chemically sensitive individuals can be predicted from analysis of their exhaled breath.
Predictors of Mortality Over 8 Years in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE To examine demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors for all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes over 8 years and to construct mortality prediction equations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Beginning in 2000, survey and medical record information was obtained from 8,334 participants in Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD), a multicenter prospective observational study of diabetes care in managed care. The National Death Index was searched annually to obtain data on deaths over an 8-year follow-up period (2000–2007). Predictors examined included age, sex, race, education, income, smoking, age at diagnosis of diabetes, duration and treatment of diabetes, BMI, complications, comorbidities, and medication use. RESULTS There were 1,616 (19%) deaths over the 8-year period. In the most parsimonious equation, the predictors of all-cause mortality included older age, male sex, white race, lower income, smoking, insulin treatment, nephropathy, history of dyslipidemia, higher LDL cholesterol, angina/myocardial infarction/other coronary disease/coronary angioplasty/bypass, congestive heart failure, aspirin, β-blocker, and diuretic use, and higher Charlson Index. CONCLUSIONS Risk of death can be predicted in people with type 2 diabetes using simple demographic, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors with fair reliability. Such prediction equations are essential for computer simulation models of diabetes progression and may, with further validation, be useful for patient management.
Diagnostic accuracy of 22/25-gauge core needle in endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/Aims To compare the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided core needle aspiration with that of standard fine-needle aspiration by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Studies using 22/25-gauge core needles, irrespective of comparison with standard fine needles, were comprehensively reviewed. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnosis of malignancy were used to estimate the overall diagnostic efficiency. Results The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of the core needle for the diagnosis of malignancy were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.90), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1), and 167.37 (95% CI, 65.77 to 425.91), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of the standard needle were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.88), 1 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1), and 130.14 (95% CI, 34.00 to 495.35), respectively. The area under the curve of core and standard needle in the diagnosis of malignancy was 0.974 and 0.955, respectively. The core and standard needle were comparable in terms of pancreatic malignancy diagnosis. There was no significant difference in procurement of optimal histologic cores between core and standard needles (risk ratio [RR], 0.545; 95% CI, 0.187 to 1.589). The number of needle passes for diagnosis was significantly lower with the core needle (standardized mean difference, –0.72; 95% CI, –1.02 to –0.41). There were no significant differences in overall complications (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.34 to 4.62) and technical failure (RR, 5.07; 95% CI, 0.68 to 37.64). Conclusions Core and standard needles were comparable in terms of diagnostic accuracy, technical performance, and safety profile.
PEARLSHELL SYMBOLISM IN HIGHLANDS PAPUA NEW GUINEA, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE WIRU PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE

Pearlshells, in their use in exchange in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, have usually been analysed as 'power tokens' in a political context dominated by big men. This article attempts to account for the historically recent acceptance and use of pearlshells in terms of symbolic and aesthetic, rather than political and economic, values. The symbolism of two types of pearlshell found among Wiru people is considered, and an overview of available material on pearlshells in the Highlands is presented. A comparative perspective using historical, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, supports the claim that pearlshells were incorporated into ceremonial exchange because of their symbolic and aesthetic connections with the natural world and a cycle of death and regenesis.
Congruence Between Spouses’ Perceptions and Observers’ Ratings of Responsiveness

Although close relationships require partners to depend on one another for mutual responsiveness, avoidantly attached individuals are especially averse to risking such dependency. The authors propose that both avoidant and non-avoidant individuals perceive signs of their own and their partners’ responsiveness in ways that reflect motivated perceptions of dependency. The present research examined how the interplay between spouses’ attachment avoidance and observed responsive behaviors during marital conflict shaped perceptions of their own and their partners’ responsiveness. Newlywed couples attempted to resolve a relationship conflict and then reported perceptions of their own and their partners’ responsiveness during the conflict. Observers also coded both partners’ responsive behaviors during the conflict. Avoidant spouses perceived themselves as less responsive, especially when observers rated them as more responsive; avoidant spouses also perceived their partners as less responsive. The discussion highlights the role of attachment in understanding links between responsiveness-related perceptions and behaviors.
The impact of constraints and negotiation strategies on involvement in intramural sport

Research has examined how constraints and negotiation strategies influence behavioural components of participation in a given activity, with limited attention to how these strategies impact the development of involvement. Previous work has also tended to examine involvement at the aggregate level. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that constraints and negotiation strategies have on individual facets of involvement, namely, attraction, identity affirmation, identity expression, centrality, and social bonding. Students participating in a university intramural sport programme (N = 237) at a large Canadian university completed a written survey that investigated the constructs of involvement, constraints, and negotiation strategies. Findings determined that each facet of involvement was impacted differently, with some commonalities between facets. This study has implications for practitioners developing strategies to enhance participation in intramural sport.
How Minority Students Experience College: Implications for Planning and Policy (review)

Have three decades of integration and multicultural initiatives in higher education delivered a better education to all students? Do we know what a multicultural campus should look like, and how to design one that is welcoming to all students and promotes a learning environment? Through a unique qualitative study involving seven colleges and universities considered national models of commitment to diversity, this book presents the views and voices of minority students on what has been achieved and what remains to be done.
Intracellular Trafficking and Killing ofStreptococcus pneumoniae by Human Alveolar Macrophages Are Influenced by Opsonins

ABSTRACT Human alveolar macrophages (HAM) are the major resident phagocytic cells of the gas-exchanging areas of the lung. Following contact with macrophages, bacteria enter phagosomes, which gradually acquire the characteristics of terminal phagolysosomes, with incorporation of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP). We measured the binding of type 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae to the surface of HAM and then measured subsequent internalization and phagosomal incorporation of LAMP-1 under various opsonic conditions. Opsonization with serum containing immunoglobulin resulted in significantly greater binding of pneumococci to HAM compared with opsonization with immunoglobulin G (IgG)-depleted serum containing complement, which in turn resulted in marginally increased binding over that observed in the absence of opsonization. Internalization of opsonized S. pneumoniaegradually increased to a maximum of 20% of bound bacteria by 120 min of warm incubation, with 20% of internalized pneumococci being localized within LAMP-containing compartments by 80 min. Internalization of opsonized S. pneumoniae by HAM correlated with a reduction of bacterial viability. When inocula were adjusted so that pneumococcal binding under different conditions was equalized, subsequent internalization, trafficking to LAMP-containing compartments, and reduction of bacterial viability were less efficient in the absence of opsonization than that observed following opsonization with adsorbed or IgG-replete adsorbed serum. Once bound to the surface of HAM, pneumococci opsonized with adsorbed serum with or without IgG were internalized, processed, and killed equally well. In conclusion, binding, intracellular trafficking, and killing of S. pneumoniae by HAM are each significantly increased by opsonization with serum containing immunogloblin and/or complement.
Attachment Theory and Systems Concepts1

Developmental systems formulations provide a powerful tool for analysis and investigation of complex developmental phenomena, including infant-parent attachment [e.g., Sander, 1975; Sroufe, 1995]. Attachment, especially, calls for complex, nonlinear explanation, because it is an integrative developmental construct characterized by transforming normative features and individual differences operating at the level of behavioral, emotional, and representational organization. Coleman and Watson have done a fine job summarizing dynamic systems concepts and principles and reaffirming their suitability to the attachment construct. The paper is readable and informative, especially with regard to issues of the nature of development, the need to consider multiple levels simultaneously, and processes of organization. It is unfortunate, then, that throughout their paper Coleman and Watson seem to be admonishing attachment theorists to adopt a systems perspective. This struck us a bit like someone urging ethologists to study animals in their natural surroundings – a truly good idea, but already widely accepted. Who are the attachment theorists who don’t embrace a systems perspective? We are unable to think of any. To their credit, Coleman and Watson point out that Bowlby and Ainsworth embraced systems concepts, and they cite early papers by Sroufe as well. Although they acknowledge that systems notions were utilized by attachment theorists historically, they might have also cited the important work by Sander [e.g., 1975] and Bischof [1975]. Certainly an interest in systems and
Children's Attitudes to the National Curriculum at Key Stage 1

Abstract An investigation of the attitudes of children aged 6‐7 (Year 2) from a variety of different backgrounds towards specific curricular areas is reported. The quantitative analysis revealed that using the computer was the most positively rated of all the activities examined. It was also found that girls had more positive attitudes than boys in a number of areas, particularly in relation to English and ‘coming to school’. Children from ethnic minority groups and those with English as a second language also had more positive attitudes in some areas. The qualitative findings indicate that three key dimensions can be used heuristically to conceptualise children's attitudes towards school activities — interest versus boredom, the level of difficulty, and success versus failure. The results are discussed in terms of current psychological perspectives on children's motivation and of the policy implications of the findings.
Lazy tree splitting

Nested data-parallelism (NDP) is a declarative style for programming irregular parallel applications. NDP languages provide language features favoring the NDP style, efficient compilation of NDP programs, and various common NDP operations like parallel maps, filters, and sum-like reductions. In this paper, we describe the implementation of NDP in Parallel ML (PML), part of the Manticore project. Managing the parallel decomposition of work is one of the main challenges of implementing NDP. If the decomposition creates too many small chunks of work, performance will be eroded by too much parallel overhead. If, on the other hand, there are too few large chunks of work, there will be too much sequential processing and processors will sit idle. Recently the technique of Lazy Binary Splitting was proposed for dynamic parallel decomposition of work on flat arrays, with promising results. We adapt Lazy Binary Splitting to parallel processing of binary trees, which we use to represent parallel arrays in PML. We call our technique Lazy Tree Splitting (LTS). One of its main advantages is its performance robustness: per-program tuning is not required to achieve good performance across varying platforms. We describe LTS-based implementations of standard NDP operations, and we present experimental data demonstrating the scalability of LTS across a range of benchmarks.
A Study of Work Stressors and Wellness/health Outcomes Among Belgian School Teachers

This study, as a part of a large European study (11 participating countries), examines the relationship between job stress and different wellness/health outcomes among male and female secondary school teachers in Belgium (n = 128). The associations between high job demands, low control, low social support, interaction terms and additional job stressors on one hand, and burnout (3 sub-scales), somatic complaints and job satisfaction on the other hand, were tested. Especially high demands were associated with burnout, more precisely its emotional exhaustion dimension. No evidence was found for the buffer hypothesis, according to which control and social support would buffer the adverse demand-effects. Among the additional job stressors and moderators, mainly physical exertion and meaningfulness of work were related to the outcomes. Belgian teachers reported higher physical exertion, job demands, somatic complaints and lower job control, social support, personal accomplishment than the teachers from the other European countries did.
The role of genetic variability in the SLC6A4, BDNF and GABRA6 genes in anxiety‐related traits

Arias B, Aguilera M, Moya J, Sáiz PA, Villa H, Ibáñez MI, García‐Portillo MP, Bobes J, Ortet G, Fañanás L. The role of genetic variability in the SLC6A4, BDNF and GABRA6 genes in anxiety‐related traits.
Higher homotopy commutativity and cohomology of finite H -spaces

We study connected mod p finite Ap ‐spaces admitting ACn ‐space structures with n . p 1/=2, then the mod p Steenrod algebra acts on the mod p cohomology of such a space in a systematic way. Moreover, we consider Ap ‐spaces which are mod p homotopy equivalent to product spaces of odd dimensional spheres. Then we determine the largest integer n for which such a space admits an ACn ‐space structure compatible with the Ap ‐space structure.
Accuracy of microwave cavity perturbation measurements

Techniques based on the perturbation of cavity resonators are commonly used to measure the permittivity and permeability of samples of dielectric and ferrite materials at microwave frequencies. They are also used to measure the local electric- and magnetic-field strengths in microwave structures including the shunt impedances of cavity resonators and the coupling impedances of slow-wave structures. This paper reexamines the assumptions made in the theory of these techniques and provides estimates of the errors of measurement arising from them.
Further evidence of preserved memory function in Alzheimer's disease

Memory performance of elderly patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (DAT) was compared with that of elderly control subjects. In explicit tests of recognition memory, which involve conscious recollection, the DAT patients were grossly impaired. In implicit tests of anagram solution and wordstem completion, which do not require conscious recollection, the DAT patients were not impaired. These findings further support the idea that a separate memory system, episodic memory, underlies conscious recollection, that it is this system which is most commonly damaged in amnesia, and that memory systems not involving conscious recollection may be spared in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Working Paper Series Financing constraints , employment , and labor compensation : evidence from the subprime mortgage crisis

This paper identifies the effect of financing constraints on firms’ labor demand. We exploit exogenous funding shocks to German savings banks during the US mortgage crisis that are unrelated to local conditions. We find that firms with credit relationships with affected banks experienced a significant decline in employment and in labor compensation relative to firms whose credit relationships were with healthy banks. We also find that the employment effect increases, and the wage effect decreases with firm size. The decline in employment at firms attached to affected banks appears to be more long-lasting than the decline in labor compensation. JEL classification: D92, G01, G21, J23, J31
Following the Actors: mobilising an actor-network theory methodology in geography

Abstract Methodological shifts in human geography, generally under the banner of the ‘cultural turn’, have seen an increased focus on methods such as interviews, discourse and textual deconstruction, and the recognition of notions such as reflexivity and intersubjectivity. Together these approaches argue that there is no logical natural order of things or notions of universality. These approaches argue that there is no such thing as objectivity in social research, but that research is informed by the experiences, aims and agency of those performing the research and that researchers should be written into the research environment. Drawing on these insights, the purpose of this paper is to explore a methodological approach centred on actor-network theory (ANT) and suggest how this approach could add value to research being undertaken in human geography. Within such an approach all research findings are created by the researcher through, first, the objectives and framing of a research project and, second, the methods used to create and follow the research network. Drawing on research into residential development and planning on the fringe of Sydney, Australia, this paper has three objectives: first, to position all research as partial and as the product of associations that stretch beyond the research field; second, to argue that all research is a process of translation; and, third, to explore the manner in which we as researchers construct ourselves in efforts to enter networks of research interest.
Child protection training in initial teacher training: a survey of provision in institutions of higher education

Summary This paper reports a survey of child protection training offered to students on institution‐based initial teacher training courses for primary and secondary schools. The very high return rate from a postal questionnaire reflected provider interest and concern. The methodology is explained and results are described and analysed. Child protection training was provided on most courses but coverage was found to be varied in terms of length, timing, content and pedagogy. Respondents reported positively, in the main, on the likely effects of new requirements for teacher training but the more open‐ended reflective comments gave cause for concern about the possible effectiveness of such coverage as was provided.