Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Regeneration by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: What Else?

1.1 The definition of MSCs Bone marrow (BM) was the first tissue described as a source of plastic-adherent, fibroblastlike cells that develops colony-forming unit fibroblastic (CFU-F) when seeded in tissue culture plates (Friedenstein et al., 1982; 1987). These cells, originally designated stromal cells, elicited much attention, and the main goal of thousands of studies conducted using these cells was to find an ultimate pure cell population that could be further utilized for regenerative purposes. In these studies, cells were isolated using several methods and were given names such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), mesenchymal progenitors, stromal stem cells, among others. Lately, a committee of the International Society for Cytotherapy suggested the name “multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells” (Dominici et al., 2006). However, most scientists have been referring to them simply as “MSCs”. The precise definition of these cells remains a matter of debate. Nevertheless, to date MSCs are widely defined as a plastic-adherent cell population that, under closely controlled conditions, can be directed to differentiate in vitro into cells of osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, tenogenic, or hematopoietic-supportive stromal lineages (Pittenger et al., 1999; Javazon et al., 2004; Alonso et al., 2008; Prockop, 2009) (Fig. 1). As part of their stem cell nature, MSCs proliferate and give rise to daughter cells that have the same pattern of gene expression and phenotype and, therefore, maintain the “stemness”
One Thing One Click: A Self-Training Approach for Weakly Supervised 3D Semantic Segmentation

In this supplementary document, we first show our results on ScanNet-v2 with fewer annotations. Then, we show more results of using our method with “One Thing One Click” on ScanNet-v2 and S3DIS (Section 2). Further, we discuss the relationship of our relation network and Prototypical Net [2] (Section 3). Finally, we show example super-voxels in Section 5. The code can be found in https://github. com/liuzhengzhe/One-Thing-One-Click.
An accelerometer-based joint angle sensor for heavy-duty manipulators

An indirect, self-calibrating, easy to install, and robust joint angle sensing method for heavy-duty manipulators is presented in this paper. This method is suitable for the harsh working environment of these machines where conventional contact-type angle sensors cannot be deployed, or problems are associated with their use. The approach is based on processing the outputs of a pair of biaxial accelerometers placed very close to the joint axis on the adjacent links. In the proposed technique, joint angles are obtained without integrating the accelerometer outputs to avoid measurement error accumulation over a long period of time. Two calibration procedures are also described for accelerometers to ensure the accuracy of their measurements. The experimental results attest to the efficiency and accuracy of the new angle sensing mechanism.
A simulation-optimization approach for capacity planning and appointment scheduling of blood donors based on mathematical programming representation of event dynamics

This paper presents a simulation-optimization approach based on mathematical programming representation of event dynamics for capacity planning and appointment scheduling in blood collection systems. The mathematical model is formulated as a multi-criteria mixed integer programming (MIP) which corresponds to the stochastic counterpart approximating problem which characterize the underlying event dynamics and transient performance measures of a blood collection system which has been simplified to a M/M/S(t) system. In this case the random variables analyzed are non-homogeneous arrivals of whole blood donors, physician service times and no-shows of scheduled donors. Numerical experiments are then performed to determine the appointment scheduling and capacity planning for different intraday (within-day) patterns of blood donors systems in order to simultaneously maximize donor service level and minimize the system overtime.
Measurement procedures affect the interpretation of metatarsophalangeal joint function during accelerated sprinting

Abstract The metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) is a significant absorber of energy in sprinting. This study examined the influence of MPJ axis choice and filter cut-off frequency on kinetic variables describing MPJ function during accelerated sprinting. Eight trained sprinters performed maximal sprints along a runway. Three-dimensional high-speed (1000 Hz) kinematic and kinetic data were collected at the 20 m point. Three axis definitions for the five MPJs were compared. MPJ moments, powers and energies were calculated using different filter cut-off frequencies. The more anatomically appropriate dual axis resulted in less energy absorbed at the MPJ compared to the oblique axis which also absorbed less energy compared to the perpendicular axis. Furthermore, a low cut-off frequency (8 Hz) substantially underestimated MPJ kinematics, kinetics and the energy absorbed at the joint and lowered the estimate of energy production during push-off. It is concluded that a better understanding of MPJ function during sprinting would be obtained by using an oblique or anatomically appropriate representation of the joint together with appropriate kinematic data sampling and filtering so that high frequency movement characteristics are retained.
Rosuvastatin: an independent analysis of risks and benefits.

BACKGROUND Although the effectiveness of statins is well established, analyses of spontaneous adverse event reports have recently questioned the safety of rosuvastatin. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the risks and benefits of rosuvastatin and compared it with other statins presently on the market. Information was obtained from a search of medical and scientific literature that produced 3001 entries, of which 591 publications containing particularly relevant data were identified, and from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (AERS) and Spontaneous Reporting System through June 30, 2004. For the AERS data and to control for overreporting in the first postmarketing year and the effect on reporting due to the withdrawal of cerivastatin in 2001, we used the rate of a given adverse event among all adverse events as a measure of risk. We found that adverse effects of rosuvastatin in skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney function did not substantially differ in frequency from those reported for those of other statins in the market in 2004, except for the uncommon development of a mild form of presumably "tubular" proteinuria at doses of 40 mg/day or greater. In contrast, cerivastatin had significantly higher rates of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis than rosuvastatin's, but there was no additional effect on renal failure beyond that mediated through rhabdomyolysis. From our literature review, we found that rosuvastatin reduces abnormal lipids on a milligram-per-milligram comparison more than atorvastatin. CONCLUSION We conclude that rosuvastatin at approved doses incurs no greater risk for adverse events than other marketed statins, except for a mild form of tubular proteinuria when doses at or above the maximum recommended levels (> or = 40 mg/day) were administered. Its risk-benefit ratio is acceptable when compared with other statins on the market in 2006.
Infant Mechanical Suffocation Deaths in the United States, 1980–1997

Purpose. To document specific patterns and products associated with mechanical suffocation among infants younger than 13 months of age for the period 1980 to 1997. Methodology. A total 2178 case summaries from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's Death Certificate File were reviewed. A computerized database was created for information about the infants, products, and patterns of suffocation. The relationships among products, patterns, and age groups were analyzed by χ2. Thirty-eight investigations conducted on a subset of cases involving cribs were reviewed for details on crib age, structural integrity, and compliance with the federal crib regulation. Mortality rates were calculated based on the US population younger than 1 year old. Results. The most frequent causes of suffocation were 1) wedging between a bed or mattress and a wall and 2) oronasal obstruction by plastic bag. Patterns of suffocation were significantly related to age group, but not to sex. Pattern-specific mortality rates comparing three time frames for the the 16-year period from 1980 to 1995 showed continued increases for overlain and oronasal obstruction; an increase followed by a plateau for wedging, a decrease for hanging, and no substantial change for entrapment with suspension. Conclusions. Suffocation hazards presented by beds, bedding, pillows, and plastic bags continue to be underrecognized by parents and caregivers. Bed-sharing and use of adult beds for infants should be discouraged. Only complying cribs should be used and maintained properly to ensure structural integrity. Suffocation deaths involving plastics should be investigated to determine the specific material characteristics and use patterns to design more effective interventions than selective labeling.
Evolutionary algorithm for the Car Renter Salesman

The Car Renter Salesman is a new variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem with applications in optimization of scheduling of rental cars and transport systems in general. This paper defines the problem and proposes a Transgenetic Algorithm for it. The proposed algorithm is compared to a Memetic Algorithm presented in a previous work. In order to focus on differences between the evolutionary strategies of each algorithm, the algorithm proposed here share several elements with the memetic algorithm. Results of a computational experiment performed on twenty instances indicate that the cooperative evolutionary process of the transgenetic algorithm produces high quality solutions outperforming the comparison algorithm.
Patterns of Compensatory Behaviors and Disordered Eating in College Students

Abstract. Objective: The current study investigated rates of endorsement of eating-related compensatory behaviors within a college sample. Participants: This sample included male and female students (N = 1,158). Methods: Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The study defined 3 groups of students: those who did not endorse purging behaviors, those who endorsed only exercise, and those who endorsed laxative use or vomiting. Rates of related eating disorder risk variables were compared across the 3 groups. Results: Almost half of college students reported utilizing exercise as a compensatory strategy over the past 28 days. Those reporting compensatory exercise did not differ from other community and college samples on EDE-Q subscales. Conclusions: Findings suggest that college students report significant rates of compensatory exercise, and those who report exercise as their only compensatory behavior also report relatively low levels of eating disorder risk.
Vision-Based Hand Hygiene Monitoring in Hospitals

Hand hygiene has been shown to be an effective intervention to reduce transmission and infections in many studies. This project focuses on interpreting visual clinical data for hand hygiene monitoring. We propose two distinct deep learning approaches to detect hand hygiene action on manually collected and labeled data. Specifically, we investigate a fixed-window and a pose-based hand detector using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We show both approaches are able to achieve high accuracy and outperform our baseline model using linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.
Sox2 is required for embryonic development of the ventral telencephalon through the activation of the ventral determinants Nkx2.1 and Shh

The Sox2 transcription factor is active in stem/progenitor cells throughout the developing vertebrate central nervous system. However, its conditional deletion at E12.5 in mouse causes few brain developmental problems, with the exception of the postnatal loss of the hippocampal radial glia stem cells and the dentate gyrus. We deleted Sox2 at E9.5 in the telencephalon, using a Bf1-Cre transgene. We observed embryonic brain defects that were particularly severe in the ventral, as opposed to the dorsal, telencephalon. Important tissue loss, including the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), was detected at E12.5, causing the subsequent impairment of MGE-derived neurons. The defect was preceded by loss of expression of the essential ventral determinants Nkx2.1 and Shh, and accompanied by ventral spread of dorsal markers. This phenotype is reminiscent of that of mice mutant for the transcription factor Nkx2.1 or for the Shh receptor Smo. Nkx2.1 is known to mediate the initial activation of ventral telencephalic Shh expression. A partial rescue of the normal phenotype at E14.5 was obtained by administration of a Shh agonist. Experiments in Medaka fish indicate that expression of Nkx2.1 is regulated by Sox2 in this species also. We propose that Sox2 contributes to Nkx2.1 expression in early mouse development, thus participating in the region-specific activation of Shh, thereby mediating ventral telencephalic patterning induction.
A critical review of methods for comparing estrogenic activity of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in human milk and infant formula.

The two primary sources of nutrition for infants are human milk and infant formula. Both contain an array of endogenous and exogenous chemicals that may act through many separate hormonal mechanisms. The safety of infant nutrition sources has been questioned based on the possibility that exogenous chemicals may exert adverse effects on nursing or formula-fed infants through estrogen-mediated mechanisms. In response to these and other concerns, the National Research Council recommended assessing the estrogenic potency of natural and anthropogenic hormonally active agents. Furthermore, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specifically recommended testing chemicals present in human milk as a representative mixture to which large segments of the population are exposed. To date, no clinical or epidemiologic evidence demonstrates that levels of chemicals currently found in human milk or infant formulas cause adverse effects in infants. Nonetheless, the question is sufficiently important to warrant a consideration of how best to evaluate potential estrogenic risks. We reviewed the types of data available for measuring estrogenic potency as well as methods for estimating health risks from mixtures of chemicals in infant nutrition sources that act via estrogenic mechanisms. We conclude that the science is insufficiently developed at this time to allow a credible assessment of health risks to infants based on estimates of estrogenic potency or on an understanding of toxicologic effects mediated by estrogenic mechanisms. However, clinical and epidemiologic data for infant nutrition sources may provide insights about risks of such substances in human milk and infant formulas.
Motion and structure from point correspondences: a robust algorithm for planar case with error estimation

The problem of determining motion and structure for a planar surface and the error estimation are discussed. Since the motion of a planar patch is a degenerate case for linear algorithms (algorithms that consist of solving mainly linear equations and give a closed-form solution) for general surfaces, the motion of such a planar surface is considered separately. An algorithm is introduced that gives a closed-form solution to motion parameters using monocular perspective images of the points on a planar surface. The algorithm is simpler and more reliable, in the presence of noise, than existing ones. There are generally two solutions for two image frames. For three image frames the solution is generally unique. An approach is proposed to test whether the points are coplanar. The errors in the motion parameters and surface structure can be estimated for each pair of images. Specifically, the standard deviation of the errors is calculated in terms of the variance of the errors in the image coordinates. This approach to estimating errors is applicable to least-squares, pseudo-inverse and eigenvalue-eigenvector problems. <<ETX>>
An Automated Signature Generation Method for Zero-Day Polymorphic Worms Based on Multilayer Perceptron Model

Polymorphic worms are considered as the most dangerous threats to the Internet security, and the danger lies in changing their payloads in every infection attempt to avoid the security systems. In this paper, we propose an accurate signature generation system for zero-day polymorphic worms. We have designed a novel Double-honeynet system, which is able to detect zero-day polymorphic worms that have not been seen before. To generate signatures for polymorphic worms we have two steps. The first step is the polymorphic worms sample collection which is done by the Double-honeynet system. The second step is the signature generation for the collected samples which is done by k-means clustering algorithm and a Multilayer Perceptron Model. The system collects different types of polymorphic worms, we used the k-means clustering algorithm to separate each type into a cluster. The Multilayer Perceptron Model is used to generate signatures for each cluster. The main goal for this system is to reduce the false positives and false negatives.
A study of player behavior and motivation to purchase Dota 2 virtual in game items

PurposeThe goal of this study is to examine the factors (e.g. enjoyment, skills, challenge, telepresence and flow) that influence players’ purchase intention toward Dota 2 virtual in-game as well as examine the effect of flow toward purchase intention of Dota 2 through the critical mechanism (i.e. continuous intention). Notably, the analysis of the moderating role of enjoyment of buying on the relation of (a) flow and purchase intention of Dota 2 in-game, as well as (b) between flow continuous intention and finally (c) between continuous intention purchase intention of Dota 2.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gained from 331 users using Google Forms and posted to respondents on social media platforms and forums such as Facebook and Reddit, as these websites have the closest reach to gamers.FindingsThe study revealed that enjoyment, skill, challenge and telepresence have a positive effect on flow. Also, the flow was significantly related to purchase intention. The continuous intention has significantly mediated the relationship between flow and purchase intention. Importantly, this study found that the moderating role of buying enjoyment increases the relationship between flow and purchase intention (H7a) and between continuous intention and purchase intention (H7c). In contrast, the moderating role of buying enjoyment on the relationship between flow and continuous intention (H7b) was not supported. Hence, this study sheds a new light on the notable Dota 2 in-game and continuous intention purchase intention of the users.Originality/valueIn response, this study's main research question can be highlighted on testing how enjoyment, skills, challenge, telepresence, in-game virtual items influence purchasing intention when the enjoyment of buying moderates the proposed relationship? Therefore, this study aims to examine the significant elements like enjoyment, skills, challenge telepresence toward flow, and subsequently, the effect of flow toward purchase intention of Dota 2 in-game through continuous intention as a key mechanism which is urgently needed to minimize the gap in-game virtual items literature. Significantly, this study also intends to explore the contingent role of enjoyment of buying on the relation of flow and purchase intention of Dota-2 in-game, as well as between flow and continuous intention and finally between continuous intention and purchase intention.
Refining stratigraphy and tectonic history using detrital zircon maximum depositional age: an example from the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Austral Basin, southern Patagonia

The north–south trending, Late Cretaceous to modern Magallanes–Austral foreland basin of southernmost Patagonia lacks a unified, radiometric, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework. By simplifying the sedimentary fill of the basin to deep‐marine, shallow‐marine and terrestrial deposits, and combining 13 new U‐Pb detrital zircon maximum depositional ages (DZ MDAs) with published DZ MDAs and U‐Pb ash ages, we provide the first attempt at a unified, longitudinal stratigraphic framework constrained by radiometric age controls. We divide the foreland basin history into two phases, including (1) an initial Late Cretaceous shoaling upward phase and (2) a Cenozoic phase that overlies a Palaeogene unconformity. New DZ samples from the shallow‐marine La Anita Formation, the terrestrial Cerro Fortaleza Formation and several previously unrecognized Cenozoic units provide necessary radiometric age controls for the end of the Late Cretaceous foreland phase and the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity in the Austral sector of the basin. These samples show that the La Anita and Cerro Fortaleza Formations have Campanian DZ MDAs, and that overlying Cenozoic strata have Eocene to Miocene DZ MDAs. By filling this data gap, we are able to provide a first attempt at constructing a basinwide, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework for the Magallanes–Austral foreland basin. Results show southward progradation of shallow marine and terrestrial environments from the Santonian through the Maastrichtian, as well as a northward increase in the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity. Furthermore, our new age data significantly impact the chronology of fossil flora and dinosaur faunas in Patagonia.
Anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlate with disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

OBJECTIVE Previous case series have examined the relationship between anti-Jo-1 antibody levels and myositis disease activity, demonstrating equivocal results. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and novel measures of myositis disease activity, the current study was undertaken to systematically reexamine the association between anti-Jo-1 antibody levels and various disease manifestations of myositis. METHODS Serum anti-Jo-1 antibody levels were quantified using 2 independent ELISA methods, while disease activity was retrospectively graded using the Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool, which measures disease activity in 7 different organ systems via the Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Myositis Intention-to-Treat Index (MITAX) components. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and mixed linear regression analysis were used to identify associations between anti-Jo-1 antibody levels and organ-specific disease activity in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. RESULTS Cross-sectional assessment of 81 patients with anti-Jo-1 antibody revealed a modest correlation between the anti-Jo-1 antibody level and the serum creatine kinase (CK) level, as well as muscle and joint disease activity. Correlation coefficients were similar for CK levels (r(s) = 0.38, P = 0.002), myositis VAS (r(s) = 0.36, P = 0.002), and arthritis VAS (r(s) = 0.40, P = 0.001). In multiple regression analyses of 11 patients with serial samples, anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlated significantly with CK levels (R(2) = 0.65, P = 0.0002), myositis VAS (R(2) = 0.53, P = 0.0008), arthritis VAS (R(2) = 0.53, P = 0.006), pulmonary VAS (R(2) = 0.69, P = 0.005), global VAS (R(2) = 0.63, P = 0.002), and global MITAX (R(2) = 0.64, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION In this large series of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlated modestly with muscle and joint disease, an association confirmed by a custom ELISA using recombinant human Jo-1. More striking associations emerged in a smaller longitudinal subset of patients that link anti-Jo-1 antibody levels to muscle, joint, lung, and global disease activity.