Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seventh Graders' Vocational Interest and Efficacy Expectation Patterns

Journal of Career Development, Vol. 26(3), Sprireg 2000 Currently, a window of opportunity exists to greatly expand career counseling services for kindergarten through twelfth grade students. Enhanced career development activities for all students are presently mandated by federal legislation (School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994), supported by widespread public opinion (Brown, Minor, & Jepsen, 1992), and advocated by the school counselor profession (American School Counseling Association, 1985). Unfortunately, as Bloch (1996) pointed out, in many states school administrators and counselors have limited awareness of and commitment to workforce
Promoting Academic Success Among Latino Youths

This article describes results from the Oregon Latino Youth Survey, which was designed to identify factors that promote or hinder academic success for Latino middle school and high school youngsters. The study samples included a total of 564 Latino and non-Latino students and parents. Analyses showed that Latino students reported a high frequency of discriminatory experiences and institutional barriers at school, and Latino students and their parents were more likely to experience institutional barriers compared to non-Latinos. Furthermore, Latino students and parents reported that they and/or their youngsters were more likely to drop out of school compared to non-Latinos. Path models showed that lower acculturation and more institutional barriers were related to less academic success for Latino students. More parent academic encouragement and staff extracurricular encouragement were associated with better academic outcomes for Latino students. Finally, family socioeconomic disadvantage had an indirect effect on Latino youngster academic success, through effects on parent monitoring and school involvement.
Varying Linguistic Purposes of Emoji in (Twitter) Context

Early research into emoji in textual communication has focused largely on high-frequency usages and ambiguity of interpretations. Investigation of a wide range of emoji usage shows these glyphs serving at least two very different purposes: as content and function words, or as multimodal affective markers. Identifying where an emoji is replacing textual content allows NLP tools the possibility of parsing them as any other word or phrase. Recognizing the import of non-content emoji can be a a signiﬁcant part of understanding a message as well. We report on an annotation task on English Twitter data with the goal of classifying emoji uses by these categories, and on the effectiveness of a classiﬁer trained on these annotations. We ﬁnd that it is possible to train a classiﬁer to tell the difference between those emoji used as linguistic content words and those used as par-alinguistic or affective multimodal markers even with a small amount of training data, but that accurate sub-classiﬁcation of these multimodal emoji into speciﬁc classes like attitude, topic, or gesture will require more data and more feature engineering.
Development of Problem-Solving Strategies in Repeated Sentence-Verification Tasks

This experiment was designed to investigate the development of problem-solving strategies by subjects in a sentence-verification paradigm which permitted repeated exposure to problems of the same type. While it was predicted that subjects would show a general improvement across trials as a function of repeated exposure to similar sets of problems, nevertheless it was predicted that some types of problem would show little or no improvement across trials, while other problems would show significant improvement as the subjects determined more efficient strategies to use to aid in rapid solutions. The results illustrate that certain types of sentence-verification tasks allow the development of efficient strategies which significantly decrease reaction times across trials, while other problem types produce uniform response rates across problem sets with negligible improvement as a function of practice. The results ate interpreted in terms of the relative availability of problem-solving strategies for the different types of verification task.
Early Adolescents' Motivation During Science Investigation

The authors observed a group of 4 eighthgrade students who conducted a series of inquiry-based science investigations over 6 weeks. The authors examined evidence of students' motivational beliefs, thoughtfulness, nature of their conceptual understanding, and changes in that understanding. The authors also used pre- and posttests of conceptual understanding. Marked variability in terms of the types of students' motivations was found. The variations were associated with differences in the quality of their thoughtfulness and in the development of their conceptual understanding. Evidence of student mastery-goal orientation appeared most strongly related to increased understanding.
Curriculum 2000: have changes in sixth form curricula affected students' key skills?

This study reports on a 4 year project conducted to detect any alteration to students' experience and self‐confidence in key skills resulting from the introduction of Curriculum 2000. The project involved 460 first year medical students who left school before the introduction of Curriculum 2000 and 478 who had experienced the new curriculum. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire asking how often they had practiced a range of 31 key skills in the 2 years prior to university entrance and how confident they felt in their ability in each skill. Responses were compared for students with and without the Key Skills qualifications introduced in 2000 and for students without Key Skills both before and after the change to curricula. Effects of Key Skills qualifications on performance in skills‐based assessments were also investigated. Around 20% of students had obtained Key Skills qualifications. Students with Key Skills had more practice in information handling and information technology skills than those without and also had increased confidence in these areas. However, no improvement in performance in assessments was observed. In fact, these students performed less well in their first assessment. There appeared to be decreased experience and confidence in Curriculum 2000 students without Key Skill qualifications compared with those from earlier years, in technical, organizational and presentation skills. This deficit was largely overcome if students possessed Key Skills qualifications. Possible reasons for these results are considered and the implications of these findings for admissions policy and course design in higher education are discussed.
New Spatial Measure for Dispersed-Dot Halftoning Assuring Good Point Distribution in Any Density

As a core component of dispersed-dot halftoning, this paper focuses on the definition of new measures for giving or measuring good point distributions in a plane. By defining good point distributions from a purely geometric viewpoint of circle packing, it is shown that the energy defined by a certain strong convex function satisfies the necessary conditions for obtaining good point distributions in any point density by minimizing the energy. The energy with such the conditions are mathematically plain and there are no obscure parameters. The theory is also significantly motivated by a requirement of the adjustability to discrete spaces, and it is shown that the conditions actually work well also in the spaces. As an application, by using technically simple methods, dispersed-dot halftone masks are designed and goodness of point distributions of masks are estimated.
Critical Management Education and Action-Based Learning: Synergies and Contradictions

We propose that management education, and therefore managers, could benefit from a bringing together of two distinct traditions within management learning: the recent interest in applying critical perspectives to management theory and practice, and the longer standing tradition of action-based learning. The characteristics of such an approach would be that it would emphasize learning that is questioning of structures and organizational practices, would be situated in the workplace, and would encourage a focus on collective learning and reflection. In developing these propositions we draw on examples from our organizational experience as well as on current debates within management education. In dealing with the implications for management educators, we acknowledge that our proposed merger would not be without criticism from proponents of both traditions. INSETS: Action-Based Learning and the Review of Bidding…;An Attempt to Engage With Power Relations…;Critical Action Learning and Leading Performance.
Reliable Multipath Transmission in Data Center Network

—Packet loss degrades the performance of various cloud services and reliability still plays a critical role in data center network. In this paper, we propose an approach to achieve reliability by strategically spreading traffic onto concurrent multiple paths while FEC is employed. Moreover, to fully develop the potential of path diversity, the rate allocation problem across multiple paths is studied and we propose a heuristic polynomial optimal algorithm to find a rate vector to maximize the mathematical expectation of correctly received packets in one FEC group. Extensive experiments are conducted utilizing packet-level traces from real data center networks and the evaluation results demonstrate clearly that our approach achieves high reliability effectively.
First‐grade latino students' english‐reading growth in all‐english classrooms

Abstract Two main questions were addressed in this study: (1) How does first‐grade Latino English‐language learners’ growth in English instructional reading level and selected word‐level reading subprocesses (ability to read words in isolation, phonemic awareness, and phonics) compare to their monolingual native‐English‐speaking peers’ growth? ; and (2) Does first‐grade Latino English‐language learners’ English reading growth (instructional reading level and selected word‐level reading subprocesses) vary according to their oral English language abilities? Participants were 47 students in two first‐grade classrooms—28 were Latino English‐language learners, and 19 were monolingual native‐English speakers. At each of two points in time—mid‐year and end‐of‐year—three reading measures were administered to all participants and an additional four oral‐English measures were administered to the Latino participants. To address the first research question, repeated measures analyses of variance were performed, first using Instructional Reading Level as the dependent variable, then with follow‐up analyses to examine growth in word‐level sub‐processes of reading. The second research question was addressed using repeated measures analyses of covariance. Main findings were that language status (Latino English learners versus monolingual native‐English speakers) was not related to Instructional Reading growth or growth in word‐level subprocesses of reading, and Overall English Oral Ability was not related to Instructional Reading Level growth, but was related to word‐level reading sub‐processes.
Self-reported sleep duration mitigates the association between inflammation and cognitive functioning in hospitalized older men

Examination of predictors of late-life cognitive functioning is particularly salient in at-risk older adults, such as those who have been recently hospitalized. Sleep and inflammation are independently related to late-life cognitive functioning. The potential role of sleep as a moderator of the relationship between inflammation and global cognitive functioning has not been adequately addressed. We examined the relationship between self-reported sleep duration, inflammatory markers, and general cognitive functioning in hospitalized older men. Older men (n = 135; Mean age = 72.9 ± 9.7 years) were recruited from inpatient rehabilitation units at a VA Medical Center to participate in a cross-sectional study of sleep. Participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and underwent an 8 a.m. blood draw to measure inflammatory markers [i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for age, education, race, depression, pain, health comorbidity, and BMI) revealed that higher levels of CRP and sICAM are associated with higher global cognitive functioning in older men with sleep duration ≥6 h (β = −0.19, β = −0.18, p's < 0.05, respectively), but not in those with short sleep durations (p's > 0.05). In elderly hospitalized men, sleep duration moderates the association between inflammation and cognitive functioning. These findings have implications for the clinical care of older men within medical settings.
Searching for Politicians: An Information-Processing Approach to Face Recognition

Previous work on face recognition has concentrated on the processing of unfamiliar faces. This paper examines the recognition of already familiar faces, specifically politicians. Three experiments are described in which the subject's task was to search through a series of faces for particular target politicians. In Experiment I the function relating search time to target set size was found to be negatively accelerated. A similar function was observed when names were used as search items. In Experiment II all subjects searched for four targets, and the relationship between distractors and target items was varied. Distractors rated visually similar to the targets took longer to reject than those rated dissimilar. Distractors who were other politicians took longer to reject than actors, and this effect of semantic category was independent of visual similarity. In Experiment III, where subjects searched for a single target, semantic category appeared only to have an effect when the distractors were also visually similar to the target. Models of the rejection process are discussed, and the similarities between the effects observed here, with faces, and those reported elsewhere for words are pointed out.
Intervention studies on enhancing work well-being, reducing burnout, and improving recovery experiences among Hong Kong health care workers and teachers

This article reports two secondary intervention studies on stress management in Hong Kong adopting a positive psychology approach. The first intervention study was conducted among health care workers to reduce burnout and enhance work well-being (job satisfaction, physical/psychological symptoms) and positive emotions. A one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. One thousand thirty-four health care employees were recruited from hospitals to participate in a 2-day training course held in 17 separate classes. The results obtained from paired t tests consistently demonstrated an improvement in work-related well-being and a reduction in burnout after the training. To investigate whether the improvements were specifically caused by the intervention, the second intervention study adopted a quasi-experimental method with a control group, also using a pretest-posttest design, and with an additional aim of improving the recovery experiences. Fifty teachers were recruited for the experimental group, and 48 for the control group. The results show that teachers in the experimental group scored significantly higher in recovery experiences (particularly mastery) compared to those in the control group. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Manic-depressive psychosis: Psychopathology and individual psychotherapy within a psychodynamic milieu

SUMMARY Manic-depressive patients are not usually regarded by psychiatrists as suitable subjects for psychotherapy, and there are many reasons for this view. Psychological support tends to take the form of helping the patient adjust to his disability, to become more aware of the life situations which may disturb him, of warning symptoms, of the need for appropriate medication, and perhaps to explore the most significant life conflicts. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy aimed at conflict resolution and personality development is widely regarded as impracticable, or ineffectual at best, or, at worst, as a potentially dangerous intervention. Considering the fact that the risk of suicide in the depressive phases may be so great, the problems of containing the disinhibited manic episode so serious, and the social consequences of such episodes so disastrous, it is not surprising that pharmacological control of pathological symptoms is so often regarded as the only therapeutic aim. This paper is based on an account o.
Understanding service users’ and therapists’ experiences of pharmacological treatment for sexual preoccupation and/or hypersexuality in incarcerated sex offenders

This research comprises two qualitative studies understanding the experiences of (1) convicted sex offenders voluntarily receiving pharmacological treatment to reduce sexual preoccupation and (2) therapists working with these offenders. The studies form part of a research programme evaluating the use of pharmacological treatment with sexual offenders. In study one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 sexual offenders receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In study two, interviews were conducted with eight intervention staff with varying levels of experience of working with offenders taking anti-libidinals. Thematic analysis was used and in study one, two main themes emerged: (i) the impact of the pharmacological treatment on prisoners’ daily functioning; (ii) barriers to compliance/engagement. In study two, three main themes emerged: (i) offenders’ reluctance to engage with pharmacological treatment; (ii) challenges for therapists; (iii) pharmacology: ‘just another piece of the puzzle’. Findings are discussed in relation to practice and future research.
Methanol Toxicity in a Newborn

Background: Methanol poisoning during human pregnancy rarely has been described. We report the first human newborn with a documented methanol concentration resulting from maternal exposure. Case Report: A 28‐year‐old pregnant woman EGA 30 weeks with HIV infection and asthma presented to the emergency department in respiratory distress. She was acidotic (pH 7.17) with an anion gap of 26, and fetal bradycardia was noted. Her son was delivered by emergent C‐section (birthweight 950 g, Apgars 1 and 3) and required aggressive resuscitation. During his hospital course, acidosis (initial pH 6.9) persisted despite fluid, blood, and bicarbonate administration. His mother also had persistent metabolic acidosis despite fluids, bicarbonate, and dopamine. Results of other laboratory tests on the mother included undetectable ethanol and salicylates and an osmolar gap of 41. An ethanol drip was initiated for the mother 36 h after admission when a methanol level of 54 mg/dL was reported. When consulted on hospital day 3, our regional poison center recommended hemodialysis for the mother and administering fomepizole and testing the methanol level of the newborn (61.6 mg/dL). Because the infant developed a grade 4 intraventricular bleed, no further therapy was offered, and he died on day 4. His mother died on day 10. Conclusion: Fatal neonatal methanol toxicity can result from transplacental exposure.
Expansion of Multi-Word Terms for Indexing and Retrieval Using Morphology and Syntax

A system for the automatic production of controlled index terms is presented using linguistically-motivated techniques. This includes a finite-state part of speech tagger, a derivational morphological processor for analysis and generation, and a unification-based shallow-level parser using transformational rules over syntactic patterns. The contribution of this research is the successful combination of parsing over a seed term list coupled with derivational morphology to achieve greater coverage of multi-word terms for indexing and retrieval. Final results are evaluated for precision and recall, and implications for indexing and retrieval are discussed.
Small is Dangerous. Micro States in a Macro World. Edited by Sheila Harden. A report by a study group of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies. [London: Frances Pinter Publishers. 1985. ix + 212 pp. £17·50]

The final chapter deals with boundaries. Although Africa is, relative to its area, the most politically divided continent and most African States have borders with at least four or five neighbours, the number of boundary disputes in post-colonial Africa has been relatively few. By and large the boundaries delimited by treaties between the colonial powers were reasonably clear and these have been respected according to the doctrine of state succession. The adoption by the OAU of the principle of uti possidetis did not occasion the kind of difficulties which were experienced by the Latin-American States in the nineteenth century. It might have been useful to include some account of the boundary arbitrations between the colonial powers, for example the Plateau of Manica (1897). These are less well known than the Latin-American Awards and do contain principles which are still of interest today. The book has been produced with the usual high standard one expects from the Oxford University Press. It is to be hoped that the publishers will consider producing an edition in paperback at a reduced price, to bring it within the purchasing power of students, especially those from African nations for whom it is essential reading.
Compulsory child restraint seat law and motor vehicle child occupant deaths and injuries in Japan 1994–2005

The purpose of child restraint seats (CRS) is to reduce the number of individuals killed or injured in motor vehicle (MV) crashes. Japanese Road Traffic Law 17–3-4 (April 2000) specifies a requirement that CRS be used for all children aged 0–5 years. The objective of this evaluation was to determine the legislative impact on fatalities in Japan for the period 1994–2005. Data were obtained from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis. A time-series Poisson regression model was used to analyse the change (6 years pre/post) in incidence rate ratios of fatality and injury in MV crashes among children ages 0–5 years. Despite increases in CRS use, fatalities failed to decrease significantly after enactment of the law (incidence rate ratio: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.49–1.31). In 2005, 67% of children aged 0–5 years, who were killed as MV occupants were not seated in CRS. Between 2000 and 2005, the lack of CRS led to 43% of front seat passenger deaths, 54% of rear seat deaths, 143 children died in total and 500 + children were seriously injured. It was found that the compulsory CRS law enacted in April 2000 did not result in a statistically significant reduction in child MV occupant fatalities and injuries in Japan.