Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rheotactic response of fry from beach-spawning populations of sockeye salmon: evolution after selection is relaxed

Rheotactic response was quantified for newly emerged sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry from a beach population (Pleasure Point) and from an adjacent inlet population (Cedar River). The Pleasure Point population was small in number and had been established by straying from the much larger Cedar River population no more than 13 generations previously. When tested in laboratory raceways, fry from the Cedar River population were displaced downstream in the dark but not in the light. Such behavior is typical of inlet populations and presumably reflects selection for rapid movement to rearing lakes with minimal losses to predation. Fry from the Pleasure Point population showed greater downstream displacement than the Cedar River fry. Behavioral divergence of the Pleasure Point population could not be explained by selection, because water movement was absent from the beach environment. Genetic drift appeared to be a more plausible divergence mechanism. We suggest that the rheotactic response of beach popul.
Fisher perceptions of threats and fisheries decline in the heart of the Coral Triangle

Larsen SN, Leisher C, Mangubhai S, Muljadi A, Tapilatu RF. 2018. Fisher perceptions of threats and fisheries decline in the heart of the Coral Triangle. Ocean Life 2: 41-46. The Coral Triangle contains the most species-diverse coral reefs in the world, and at its center is the Raja Ampat archipelago in West Papua, Indonesia. The marine resources of Raja Ampat are an important source of food and livelihood for thousands of people, but overfishing and destructive fishing practices threaten its coral reefs and fisheries. To better understand the threats, we surveyed the ‘most knowledgeable fishers’ in all 88 of Raja Ampat’s coastal villages (n = 495) in 2003-2005. We analyzed the links between declines in fish catch and threats to marine resources as perceived by fishers. Blast fishing, cyanide fishing, and ‘outsiders’ were perceived to be the causes of the fish declines and the greatest ongoing threats to fisheries resources. We also found evidence of inter-generational differences in perceptions on the health of local fisheries. For fishers who had over 15 years of fishing experience, 77% reported a decrease in fish catch. For fishers who had less than 5 years of experience, only 41% reported a decrease in catch. Education and outreach on illegal fishing practices and the benefits of healthy coral reef ecosystems are likely to be ongoing needs in communities in Raja Ampat.Coral reefs
The diversity of soil mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in yellow ant (Lasius flavus) nests along a gradient of land use

Mesostigmatid mites communities in yellow ant (Lasius flavus) hills and phoresis of mites on this ant species were analysed in the Wielkopolska Region, Central Poland. Samples were collected from ant nests located along a gradient of four different types of land use: forest, ecotone, meadow and garden. In total, 132 mites were collected in ant nests among which 26 species were identified. The highest total abundance of mites was observed in the ecotone. Moreover, 14 mite specimens were found on L. flavus workers bodies. These are the first records of phoresis of mesostigmatid mites on this ant species.
Making fingers and words count in a cognitive robot

Evidence from developmental as well as neuroscientific studies suggest that finger counting activity plays an important role in the acquisition of numerical skills in children. It has been claimed that this skill helps in building motor-based representations of number that continue to influence number processing well into adulthood, facilitating the emergence of number concepts from sensorimotor experience through a bottom-up process. The act of counting also involves the acquisition and use of a verbal number system of which number words are the basic building blocks. Using a Cognitive Developmental Robotics paradigm we present results of a modeling experiment on whether finger counting and the association of number words (or tags) to fingers, could serve to bootstrap the representation of number in a cognitive robot, enabling it to perform basic numerical operations such as addition. The cognitive architecture of the robot is based on artificial neural networks, which enable the robot to learn both sensorimotor skills (finger counting) and linguistic skills (using number words). The results obtained in our experiments show that learning the number words in sequence along with finger configurations helps the fast building of the initial representation of number in the robot. Number knowledge, is instead, not as efficiently developed when number words are learned out of sequence without finger counting. Furthermore, the internal representations of the finger configurations themselves, developed by the robot as a result of the experiments, sustain the execution of basic arithmetic operations, something consistent with evidence coming from developmental research with children. The model and experiments demonstrate the importance of sensorimotor skill learning in robots for the acquisition of abstract knowledge such as numbers.
Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)

Mid‐ocean ridge eruptions, initiating or revitalizing hydrothermal discharge and disrupting seafloor ecosystems, occur regularly as a consequence of plate spreading. Evaluating their impact on long‐term hydrothermal discharge requires information on the scale and duration of any posteruption enhancement. Here we describe a unique hydrothermal plume time series of annual (or more frequent) observations at Axial Seamount vent fields from 1985 through 2017, missing only 7 years. Axial, a hot spot volcano astride the Juan de Fuca Ridge, experienced eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. In 1998 and 2011 lava flooded the SE caldera and south rift zone, but in 2015 most lava was extruded in a series of flows extending ~20 km down the north rift zone. Response cruises occurred within 18 days (1998) to about 4 months, followed by regular posteruption observations. All 30 cruises measured plume rise height (a proxy for heat flux) and turbidity (indicative of chemical changes in vent discharge) at several vent sites, yielding an integrated view of vent field activity. Venting in the SE caldera area persisted throughout the time series, consistent with the imaged location of the shallowest portion of the melt‐rich magma reservoir. Eruptions produced substantial and diagnostic increases in plume rise and turbidity, and posteruption enhancements lasted 2–5 years, totaling ~10 years over the course of the time series. Estimates of the relative heat flux indicate a sixfold increase during eruption‐enhanced periods, implying that generalizations about mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes may be underestimates if based on non–eruption‐enhanced hydrothermal activity alone.
Expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule Mamu-A*01 Is Associated with Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Replication

ABSTRACT Several HLA alleles are associated with attenuated human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. We explored the relationship between the expression of particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles and viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239-infected macaques. Of the common MHC class I alleles, animals that expressed Mamu-A*01 exhibited the best control of viral replication.
EFFECT OF SPACING AND SEED RATE ON GREEN POD YIELD OF SUMMER COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) UNDER MIDDLE GUJARAT CONDITIONS

A field experiment was carried out on loamy sand soil at Bidi Tobacco Research Station Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand to study the “Effect of spacing and seed rate on green pod yield of summer cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) under middle Gujarat conditions” during summer season of 2013-14. Twelve treatment combinations comprising of three levels of spacing (S1: 30 cm, S2: 45 cm and S3: 60 cm) and four levels of seed rate (R1: 15 kg ha-1, R2: 20 kg ha-1, R3: 25 kg ha-1 and R4: 30 kg ha-1) were tried out in a Split plot design (SPD) with four replications. The plant population per meter row length at initial (25 DAS) and at final picking showed significant differences between spacings. The periodical plant height at various growth stages were not altered due to effect of different levels of spacing at 30 DAS and at final picking except at 60 DAS wherein higher plant height was observed due to sowing of cowpea at 45 cm (S2) than sown at 30 cm spacing. Whereas, number of branches plant-1 was significantly higher under 45 cm (S2) than sown at 30 cm spacing.
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Central and South American Immigrant Residents of the Washington, DC, Area

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its risk components and then compare differences in the risk components among low-income, uninsured Central and South American recent immigrants to the USA. This cross-sectional survey sampled 1,042 adult patients from a medical clinic in metropolitan Washington, DC. The overall prevalence of the MetS was 26.9% estimated using the modified harmonized definition. The most common abnormal metabolic indicator for women was an elevated BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (36.1%), while, for men, it was an elevated triglyceride level (46.5%). The risk of abnormal MetS indicators increased steadily with increasing BMI. The abnormal indicator combination identifying the most subjects with the MetS included the following: high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and obesity. MetS rates were highest among subjects from El Salvador and Honduras, 31.3% and 28.0%, respectively, and lowest among subjects from Bolivia (21.7%). Dyslipidemia and high BMI increased the likelihood of having the MetS, which is consistent with studies on Mexican Americans in the San Antonio Heart Study and studies within Central and South American countries. This study adds new baseline epidemiological data for largely understudied, low-income, and mostly recent immigrant groups.
Low-Temperature Alteration of the Seafloor: Impacts on Ocean Chemistry

Over 50% of Earth is covered by oceanic crust, the uppermost portion of which is a high-permeability layer of basaltic lavas through which seawater continuously circulates. Fluid flow is driven by heat lost from the oceanic lithosphere; the global fluid flux is dependent on plate creation rates and the thickness and distribution of overlying sediment, which acts as a low-permeability layer impeding seawater access to the crust. Fluid-rock reactions in the crust, and global chemical fluxes, depend on the average temperature in the aquifer, the fluid flux, and the composition of seawater. The average temperature in the aquifer depends largely on bottom water temperature and, to a lesser extent, on the average seafloor sediment thickness. Feedbacks between off-axis chemical fluxes and their controls may play an important role in modulating ocean chemistry and planetary climate on long timescales, but more work is needed to quantify these feedbacks.
High activity and Lévy searches: jellyfish can search the water column like fish

Over-fishing may lead to a decrease in fish abundance and a proliferation of jellyfish. Active movements and prey search might be thought to provide a competitive advantage for fish, but here we use data-loggers to show that the frequently occurring coastal jellyfish (Rhizostoma octopus) does not simply passively drift to encounter prey. Jellyfish (327 days of data from 25 jellyfish with depth collected every 1 min) showed very dynamic vertical movements, with their integrated vertical movement averaging 619.2 m d−1, more than 60 times the water depth where they were tagged. The majority of movement patterns were best approximated by exponential models describing normal random walks. However, jellyfish also showed switching behaviour from exponential patterns to patterns best fitted by a truncated Lévy distribution with exponents (mean μ = 1.96, range 1.2–2.9) close to the theoretical optimum for searching for sparse prey (μopt ≈ 2.0). Complex movements in these ‘simple’ animals may help jellyfish to compete effectively with fish for plankton prey, which may enhance their ability to increase in dominance in perturbed ocean systems.
Rho GTPases control specific cytoskeleton‐dependent functions of hematopoietic stem cells

The Rho family of guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) is composed of members of the Ras superfamily of proteins. They are GTP‐bound molecules with a modest intrinsic GTPase activity that can be accelerated upon activation/localization of specialized guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family act as molecular switches and are required for coordinated cytoskeletal rearrangements that are crucial in a set of specialized functions of mammalian stem cells. These functions include self‐renewal, adhesion, and migration. Mouse gene‐targeting studies have provided convincing evidence of the indispensable and dispensable roles of individual members of the Rho GTPase family and the putative upstream and downstream mediators in stem cell‐specific functions. The role of Rho GTPases and related signaling pathways previously seen in other cell types and organisms have been confirmed in mammalian hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and new signaling pathways and unexpected functions unique to HSCs have been identified and dissected. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of Rho family of GTPases on HSC and progenitor activity through cytoskeleton‐mediated signaling pathways, providing insight about relevant signaling pathways that regulate mammalian stem cell self‐renewal, adhesion, and migration.
Views of Medical Teachers Regarding Job Satisfaction

Objectives To assess the level of job satisfaction among the medical teachers according to their views including existing barriers and ways of further improvement. Materials and methods This was a cross sectional type of descriptive study and was carried out for one year. In depth interview were performed using interview schedule among twenty five medical teachers those were willing to participate in this study and working in preclinical, Para clinical and clinical departments of 5 non government and 5 government medical colleges. Results: In depth interview was conducted among 11 assistant professors, 6 associate and 8 professors . Among them 12 teachers were working in non government and 13 in government medical colleges. Of them 3 teachers were from preclinical ,5 from paraclinical and 17 from clinical departments. Expressed satisfaction level was very low in 5 (20%), low 12 (48%), moderate 5(20%), high 2(8%) and undecided1(4%) . Good academic environment ,good relation with administration, colleagues and students, job security and location of the institute causes much satisfaction. Main causes of dissatisfaction includes political interference in posting, transfer and promotion of the medical teachers. Low salary, lack of necessary teaching materials. Fifty percent teachers had expressed their dissatisfaction regarding their working place. All of the teachers believed that job satisfaction influences teaching quality and there should be provision for professional development of teachers. Conclusion Job satisfaction among medical teachers is low. There are several causes of satisfaction and so many causes of dissatisfaction. Political consideration in cases of recruitment, posting, transfer and promotion , low salary ,lack of educational materials and educational environment is very important issue for causing dissatisfaction. On job training for professional development of teachers is recommended by all. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjme.v2i2. 18137 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.2(2) 2011: 18-25
Sound events and emotions: Investigating the relation of rhythmic characteristics and arousal

A variety of recent researches in Audio Emotion Recognition (AER) outlines high performance and retrieval accuracy results. However, in most works music is considered as the original sound content that conveys the identified emotions. One of the music characteristics that is found to represent a fundamental means for conveying emotions are the rhythm-related acoustic cues. Although music is an important aspect of everyday life, there are numerous non-linguistic and nonmusical sounds surrounding humans, generally defined as sound events (SEs). Despite this enormous impact of SEs to humans, a scarcity of investigations regarding AER from SEs is observed. There are only a few recent investigations concerned with SEs and AER, presenting a semantic connection between the former and the listener's triggered emotion. In this work we analytically investigate the connection of rhythm-related characteristics of a wide range of common SEs with the arousal of the listener using sound events with semantic content. To this aim, several feature evaluation and classification tasks are conducted using different ranking and classification algorithms. High accuracy results are obtained, demonstrating a significant relation of SEs rhythmic characteristics to the elicited arousal.
Red blood cell vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemia

Hereditary hemolytic anemia encompasses a heterogeneous group of anemias characterized by decreased red blood cell survival because of inherited membrane, enzyme, or hemoglobin disorders. Affected red blood cells are more fragile, less deformable, and more susceptible to shear stress and oxidative damage, and show increased vesiculation. Red blood cells, as essentially all cells, constitutively release phospholipid extracellular vesicles in vivo and in vitro in a process known as vesiculation. These extracellular vesicles comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicles of different sizes and intracellular origins. They are described in literature as exosomes if they originate from multi-vesicular bodies, or as microvesicles when formed by a one-step budding process directly from the plasma membrane. Extracellular vesicles contain a multitude of bioactive molecules that are implicated in intercellular communication and in different biological and pathophysiological processes. Mature red blood cells release in principle only microvesicles. In hereditary hemolytic anemias, the underlying molecular defect affects and determines red blood cell vesiculation, resulting in shedding microvesicles of different compositions and concentrations. Despite extensive research into red blood cell biochemistry and physiology, little is known about red cell deformability and vesiculation in hereditary hemolytic anemias, and the associated pathophysiological role is incompletely assessed. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicles biology, with focus on red blood cell vesiculation. Also, we review recent scientific findings on the molecular defects of hereditary hemolytic anemias, and their correlation with red blood cell deformability and vesiculation. Integrating bio-analytical findings on abnormalities of red blood cells and their microvesicles will be critical for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hereditary hemolytic anemias.
Intravital FRET Imaging of Tumor Cell Viability and Mitosis during Chemotherapy

Taxanes, such as docetaxel, are microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics that have been successfully used in the treatment of cancer. Based on data obtained from cell cultures, it is believed that taxanes induce tumor cell death by specifically perturbing mitotic progression. Here, we report on data that suggest that this generally accepted view may be too simplified. We describe a high-resolution intravital imaging method to simultaneously visualize mitotic progression and the onset of apoptosis. To directly compare in vitro and in vivo data, we have visualized the effect of docetaxel on mitotic progression in mouse and human colorectal tumor cell lines both in vitro and in isogenic tumors in mice. We show that docetaxel-induced apoptosis in vitro occurs via mitotic cell death, whereas the vast majority of tumor cells in their natural environment die independent of mitotic defects. This demonstrates that docetaxel exerts its anti-tumor effects in vivo through means other than mitotic perturbation. The differences between in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutics may explain the limited response to many of the anti-mitotic agents that are currently validated in clinical trials. Our data illustrate the requirement and power of our intravital imaging technique to study and validate the mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents in vivo, which will be essential to understand and improve their clinical efficacy.
Precipitation in the Selenga River basin during atmospheric blocking over Europe and the Russian Far East in July

We investigate the relationship between Eurasian blocking and summer precipitation in the basin of the Selenga River (Lake Baikal’s main tributary) in order to find the reasons of current low-water period in the Lake Baikal basin. In this paper, we study the development of blocking events over Europe and the Russian Far East (RFE) and anomalies in precipitation over the Selenga river basin. Blocking over Europe and the Russian Far East contribute to arid conditions over the southern (Mongolian) part of the Selenga basin and precipitation over the northern (Russian) part of the basin. We show that from 1979 to 2017 there were 10 years with joint blocking events over Europe and RFE in July: 1980, 1981, 1983, 1991, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2010, 2011 and 2014. Months with normal and higher than normal total precipitation in the basin were observed in 1983, 1991, and 2003. Months with lower precipitation were in 1980, 1981, 1999, 2001, 2010, 2011, and 2014. We conclude that simultaneous development of blocking over Europe and RFE for at least three days, along with intensity, duration and localization of blocking are important factors to form conditions favorable for intense precipitation over the northern part of the Selenga basin.
Sometimes more is more: iterative participatory design of infographics for engagement of community members with varying levels of health literacy

OBJECTIVE To collaborate with community members to develop tailored infographics that support comprehension of health information, engage the viewer, and may have the potential to motivate health-promoting behaviors. METHODS The authors conducted participatory design sessions with community members, who were purposively sampled and grouped by preferred language (English, Spanish), age group (18-30, 31-60, >60 years), and level of health literacy (adequate, marginal, inadequate). Research staff elicited perceived meaning of each infographic, preferences between infographics, suggestions for improvement, and whether or not the infographics would motivate health-promoting behavior. Analysis and infographic refinement were iterative and concurrent with data collection. RESULTS Successful designs were information-rich, supported comparison, provided context, and/or employed familiar color and symbolic analogies. Infographics that employed repeated icons to represent multiple instances of a more general class of things (e.g., apple icons to represent fruit servings) were interpreted in a rigidly literal fashion and thus were unsuitable for this community. Preliminary findings suggest that infographics may motivate health-promoting behaviors. DISCUSSION Infographics should be information-rich, contextualize the information for the viewer, and yield an accurate meaning even if interpreted literally. CONCLUSION Carefully designed infographics can be useful tools to support comprehension and thus help patients engage with their own health data. Infographics may contribute to patients' ability to participate in the Learning Health System through participation in the development of a robust data utility, use of clinical communication tools for health self-management, and involvement in building knowledge through patient-reported outcomes.