Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eradicating Bodies in Invasive Plant Management

It is increasingly acknowledged that invasive plant management, although a significant global issue, is a matter of coexistence rather than control. Nevertheless an adversarial rhetoric dominated by discourses of war and winning persists. This paper focuses on the bodies of plants, the animals with which they become entangled, and the humans who are charged with eradicating them. Plants help to rethink bodily difference beyond the human, extending feminist theories that have contributed to increased recognition of nonhuman difference. Bodies are a barely acknowledged scale of invasive plant management, which is usually conceptualised in landscape terms. Our empirical focus is the eradication of three species in northwestern Australia: Mimosa (Mimosa pigra), Gamba Grass (Andropogon gayanus), and Neem (Azadirachta indica). By paying attention to plant difference and illuminating the experience of invasive plant managers, we show how eradication manages the intersecting timespaces of different bodies in order to stop plants becoming collectives. We identify contradictions in the regulation and application of borders, which are less permeable for some animals than for all humans. We also draw attention to the questions of risk—for humans and others—in the process of killing plants. For embodied geographies, a plant perspective opens up new ways of thinking about bodily boundaries: in particular the individual/collective divide. The implication for invasive plant management is that, even at the eradication end of the spectrum, effective management is an uncertain process that involves living in association with invasive plants rather than living separately from them.
‘To define the indefinable’: population classification and the census in South Africa

The population of many countries, including South Africa, has been classified into discrete groups from colonial times until the present day, for purposes of census enumeration. A reading of the census results requires an understanding of the subtleties and shifts of the classification system, which were frequently related to a definition of legal and political rights, including place of residence. The national census has tended to reinforce the groups it was initially meant only to observe.
Observing Imperium : A Postcolonial Reading of Ryszard Kapuscinski's Account of Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia

approach’ (Kapuscinski, 1994, p. 308). Paradoxically, what is an inherent fault for ‘the natives’ is just an external limitation, however insurmountable, for the traveller. They are imprisoned in their language, while he simply has to learn to accept the imperfections of the human language. Yet, Kapuscinski’s assumptions about the nature of human language are hardly obvious and
‘I’ve Learnt What a Dad Should Do’: The Interaction of Masculine and Fathering Identities among Men Who Attended a ‘Dads Only’ Parenting Programme

This article is based on qualitative research with men who voluntarily attended a ‘dads only’ parenting programme. The article explores men’s motivations to attend and demonstrates some of the challenges relating to masculine identity that fathers face when seeking support regarding their children. It also highlights how aspects of masculinity may shape men’s limited knowledge concerning the needs of their children and their capabilities as ‘involved’ fathers. The article then explores how men made sense of their changing thoughts and practices regarding fathering and fatherhood within the context of their conceptualisations of masculinity. Whilst men appeared to embrace parenting qualities more commonly associated with women they did not completely distance themselves from traditional fathering templates. Moreover, although they gained a sense of mastery over childcare, the ways in which men care for their children is inevitably context dependent and some demonstrations of involved fathering may clash with certain masculine ideals.
Dynamic Biomechanics Correlate with Histopathology in Human Tibial Cartilage: A Preliminary Study

Improved staging of cartilage degeneration is required, particularly during early stages when minimal surface damage is visible arthroscopically. Degradation of articular cartilage extracellular matrix, resulting from degenerative changes associated with osteoarthritis, can influence its functional properties. Cartilage mechanical properties therefore may provide a quantitative method for monitoring degenerative change in this tissue. We determined whether dynamic mechanical properties of cartilage (effective shear modulus and phase lag) measured with a handheld indenter correlated with histopathology scores, proteoglycan, and collagen content or expression of chondrocyte-specific (aggrecan, collagen II) or dedifferentiation (collagen I and III) genes in human osteoarthritic cartilage with International Cartilage Repair Society scores of 0 to 1. We observed an association between the histopathologic stage of cartilage disease and dynamic shear modulus and phase lag. In contrast, there generally was a poor relationship between cartilage biomechanical properties and biochemistry with the only noteworthy correlation being between shear modulus and collagen. Phase lag but not shear modulus correlated with gene expression. These data support the potential of dynamic indentation for assessing the stage of cartilage degeneration in tissue with minimal gross surface damage.
Bullying as a group process: An adaptation of the participant role approach

Recent years have seen a shift in bullying research from a dyadic focus on the characteristics of the Bully and the Victim to the recognition of bullying as a whole group process, with the majority of children playing some kind of role, This study uses a shortened adaptation of the Participant Role Scale approach [Salmivalli et al. 1996, Aggr Behav 22:1-15] to identify these roles in 193 children aged 7 to 10 years. Four main factors were identified, indicating that the adapted scale remains a reliable way of distinguishing the Victim, Defender of the victim, and Outsider roles both from each other and from roles involved in bullying others. Progress in the measurement of bullying as a group process and the success of intervention strategies may depend on finding clearer distinctions between ringleader Bullies and the children that help them or reinforce their behavior, using the Participant Role Scale approach to mobilize peer pressure and isolate ringleaders from their social support.
Inference of patient-specific pathway activities from multi-dimensional cancer genomics data using PARADIGM

Motivation: High-throughput data is providing a comprehensive view of the molecular changes in cancer tissues. New technologies allow for the simultaneous genome-wide assay of the state of genome copy number variation, gene expression, DNA methylation and epigenetics of tumor samples and cancer cell lines. Analyses of current data sets find that genetic alterations between patients can differ but often involve common pathways. It is therefore critical to identify relevant pathways involved in cancer progression and detect how they are altered in different patients. Results: We present a novel method for inferring patient-specific genetic activities incorporating curated pathway interactions among genes. A gene is modeled by a factor graph as a set of interconnected variables encoding the expression and known activity of a gene and its products, allowing the incorporation of many types of omic data as evidence. The method predicts the degree to which a pathway's activities (e.g. internal gene states, interactions or high-level ‘outputs’) are altered in the patient using probabilistic inference. Compared with a competing pathway activity inference approach called SPIA, our method identifies altered activities in cancer-related pathways with fewer false-positives in both a glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and a breast cancer dataset. PARADIGM identified consistent pathway-level activities for subsets of the GBM patients that are overlooked when genes are considered in isolation. Further, grouping GBM patients based on their significant pathway perturbations divides them into clinically-relevant subgroups having significantly different survival outcomes. These findings suggest that therapeutics might be chosen that target genes at critical points in the commonly perturbed pathway(s) of a group of patients. Availability:Source code available at http://sbenz.github. com/Paradigm Contact: jstuart@soe.ucsc. edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparing Automatic Evaluation Measures for Image Description

Image description is a new natural language generation task, where the aim is to generate a human-like description of an image. The evaluation of computer-generated text is a notoriously difficult problem, however, the quality of image descriptions has typically been measured using unigram BLEU and human judgements. The focus of this paper is to determine the correlation of automatic measures with human judgements for this task. We estimate the correlation of unigram and Smoothed BLEU, TER, ROUGE-SU4, and Meteor against human judgements on two data sets. The main finding is that unigram BLEU has a weak correlation, and Meteor has the strongest correlation with human judgements.
Acoustics and Phonology of Complex Tone Sandhi

Abstract This paper presents a detailed acoustic and auditory description of the kind of complex tone sandhi found in the Northern Wu dialects of Chinese. Mean fundamental frequency, amplitude and duration values from many tokens of 1 native speaker of Zhenhai dialect are used to show how the acoustical characteristics of the 6 citation tones can be related to the 20 different forms in disyllabic lexical sandhi. Three phonetically motivated processes are demonstrated in this relationship: stress effects; paradigmatic replacement of pitch and phonation type features on the second syllable, and intrinsic effects associated with the intervocalic consonant, and phonation rate and duration of the first syllable.
Gender Differences in Body Image Are Increasing

It has been speculated that the prevalence of eating disorders in women has risen because of increases in women's body dissatisfaction. We conducted a meta-analysis of gender differences in attractiveness and body image using 222 studies from the past 50 years. The analysis shows dramatic increases in the numbers of women among individuals who have poor body image. Moreover, these trends were found across multiple conceptualizations of body image, including self-judgments of physical attractiveness.
Aggregating UMLS Semantic Types for Reducing Conceptual Complexity

The conceptual complexity of a domain can make it difficult for users of information systems to comprehend and interact with the knowledge embedded in those systems. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) currently integrates over 730,000 biomedical concepts from more than fifty biomedical vocabularies. The UMLS semantic network reduces the complexity of this construct by grouping concepts according to the semantic types that have been assigned to them. For certain purposes, however, an even smaller and coarser-grained set of semantic type groupings may be desirable. In this paper, we discuss our approach to creating such a set. We present six basic principles, and then apply those principles in aggregating the existing 134 semantic types into a set of 15 groupings. We present some of the difficulties we encountered and the consequences of the decisions we have made. We discuss some possible uses of the semantic groups, and we conclude with implications for future work.
Bus Riding :

of community-like phenomena. Thus, Git and Go’s, 7-11’s, and shopping centers replace kinship and geographically specific tribal locations. Instead of interpreting the shift from gemeinschaft to gesellschaft that urban settings with their mobility, anonymity, and estrangement work against the development of a sense of community, the expectation is formulated that gemeinschaftlich mentalities and encounters are modified by the urban settings but not obviated by them. This realization, coupled with recent analyses such as Goffman’s ( 1971 ) description of interguises of the micro-structure of everyday urban life, suggests that settings such as bus riding are often more complex and social psychologically relevant than their specific, rapid, and impersonal surface characteristics would indicate. By analyzing bus riding as an arena where a high degree of intimate and continuous ambiguity is changed into recognizable
Effects of inference awareness training on poor reading comprehension

Previous studies show that 7–8-year-old poor comprehenders differ from good comprehenders, matched in age and decoding skill, primarily in their failure to make high-level inferences, despite adequate text recall. The impact of inference awareness training on reading comprehension in two such groups was compared with the effects of two other treatments. Inference-trained children were instructed over 4 weeks in making inferences from text and generating questions. Other groups were trained either in rapid decoding or in standard comprehension exercises. Less skilled comprehenders given inference training improved significantly more than those given decoding practice, and slightly, but not significantly, more than those given comprehension exercises. Skilled comprehenders showed little improvement regardless of treatment condition. The results are discussed in relation to possible sources of comprehension failure, and implications for remediation.
Difference in insulin usage patterns with pubertal development in children with type 1 diabetes during transition from multiple daily injections to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and through the CSII treatment.

OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the changes in insulin requirement in the transition from multiple daily injections (MDI) to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and the differences through the CSII treatment in pediatric patients in different pubertal developmental stages. METHODS We analyzed, through a longitudinal retrospective study, the insulin usage patterns and glycemic control of 40 patients with type 1 diabetes on CSII treatment for 12 months. The patients were subdivided in three groups: group A, 13 prepubertal subjects (Tanner stage I); group B, 15 pubertal subjects (Tanner stage II-IV); and group C, 12 postpubertal subjects (Tanner stage V). RESULTS During the transition from MDI to CSII, the insulin requirements decreased significantly by 21 +/- 5% (0.89 +/- 0.26 U/kg/day vs. 0.70 +/- 0.11 U/kg/day). Through the CSII treatment the percentage of total daily insulin delivered as the basal rate in groups A, B, and C was 54-60%, 52-54%, and 52-54%, respectively. The number of basal rates per day was significantly higher in groups A and B. The overall profile of basal rate differed among the groups. During the night, prepubertal patients required more insulin from 12 p.m. to 2 a.m., whereas pubertal and postpubertal patients required more insulin between 2-3 a.m. to 7 a.m. Prepubertal patients had a maximum basal rate between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. and 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. , in contrast to pubertal and postpubertal patients between 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. The number of "extra" boluses per day was significantly higher in groups B and C compared to group A. CONCLUSIONS Age-related differences exist in insulin usage patterns of pediatric patients on pump treatment. A greater knowledge of these variations may help to obtain optimum conditions in the CSII treatment in pediatric patients.
Environmental Concern, Self-concept and Defence Style: A study of the Agenda 21 process in a Swedish municipality

The experience of working with Agenda 21 was investigated among child care personnel in a small Swedish municipality. The main aim was to study the correlation between environmental concern and personality. It was hypothesised that people caring about the environment would have a positive self-concept and use an adaptive defence style. The result showed that personal concern ( r =0.42, p =0.000), perceived control ( r =0.29, p =0.003) and intention to act ( r =0.31, p =0.001) were all correlated to self-reported ecological behaviour. Though the child care personnel believed that they had little influence on the environmental issues, their own contributions towards improving the environment were experienced as meaningful. They had a positive self-concept and they cared about the environment, even if no correlation ( r =0.08) could be found between environmental concern and self-concept. On the other hand, a positive correlation existed between perceived control and the use of an adaptive defence style ( r =0.26, p =0.019). It was concluded that feedback from politicians and officials by encouraging the child care personnel's feelings of empowerment and provid ing them with possibilities for action would most likely increase their feelings of influence and move the Agenda 21 process ahead.
Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in young children in Greenland: a population at high risk of respiratory infections

SUMMARY The incidence of childhood respiratory infections in Greenland is among the highest globally. We performed a population-based study of 352 Greenlandic children aged 0–6 years aiming to describe rates and risk factors for carriage of four key bacteria associated with respiratory infections, their antimicrobial susceptibility and inter-bacterial associations. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for Streptococcus pneumoniae grouped by serotypes included (VT) or not included (NVT) in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. S. pneumoniae was detected from age 2 weeks with a peak carriage rate of 60% in 2-year-olds. Young age and having siblings attending a daycare institution were associated with pneumococcal carriage. Overall co-colonization with ⩾2 of the studied bacteria was 52%. NTHi showed a positive association with NVT pneumococci and M. catarrhalis, respectively, M. catarrhalis was positively associated with S. pneumoniae, particular VT pneumococci, whereas S. aureus were negatively associated with NTHi and M. catarrhalis. Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage was present unusually early in life and with frequent co-colonization. Domestic crowding increased odds of carriage. Due to important bacterial associations we suggest future surveillance of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine's impact on carriage in Greenland to also include other pathogens.
Stressful events and depression among Chinese adolescents: The mitigating role of protective factors

This study examines the role of salient external factors (family, peer and school caring relations) and internal factors (goals and aspirations, problem solving and self-efficacy, empathy, and self-awareness) in protecting adolescents experiencing interpersonal problems and academic pressure from depression. A total of 1,297 eighth and ninth grade students in Shandong province of Eastern China completed self-report measures. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that interpersonal problems and academic pressure predicted depression positively. Peer caring relationships, home caring relationships, goals and aspirations, problem solving and self-efficacy, and self-awareness predicted depression negatively, but empathy did so positively. The interactions of home caring relationships with interpersonal problems, peer caring relationships with academic pressure, and self-awareness with academic pressure were negatively associated with depression. The relationships between interpersonal problems and depression, and academic pressure and depression, were less apparent for adolescents who had higher levels of peer caring relationships, home caring relationships, and self-awareness. The results suggest that school psychologists and counselors should note and build upon positive strengths while providing intervention services for adolescents experiencing depression related to interpersonal problems and academic pressure.
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE

I want to consider the current status and future of the field of personality psychology, often basing my observations on my own research and theoretical interests. Let me begin by summarizing what I have to say in terms of three points of emphasis: First, the field of personality can be viewed in terms of three disciplines—trait, social cognitive, and psychodynamic— each associated with its own empirical procedures and observations. That is, each is associated with its own form of personality data but all represent relevant data. Second, there is a need in the field for a dynamic systems perspective, one that emphasizes the interplay among the parts of the personality system in the course of the person’s ongoing transactions with the physical and interpersonal environment. Third, in the future personality psychologists increasingly will have to integrate findings from biopsychology and neuroscience into their theories and research questions. This raises the question of how they can create bridges across levels of analysis and avoid the problem of reductionism. In other words, there is the issue of how personality psychologists will address the mind-body problem.
Helping Student Teachers Think about Teaching

Bolin focuses on how student teachers develop a concept of teaching and think about their role. Bolin's case study of one preservice teacher (Lou) is based on journal entries and interviews with the university supervisor. Findings suggest that the reflective journal may be an ef fective tool in helping students become deliberative about their teaching.
The Problem of Individualism in Family-School Policies.

Aux Etats-Unis, le rapprochement famille-ecole pour la reussite scolaire des enfants et l'amelioration du systeme scolaire a fait l'objet d'une abondante litterature. A partir de l'analyse de ces recherches, les AA. montrent que cet engagement des familles degage en fait un modele complexe refletant souvent le milieu social des eleves. Selon eux les politiques d'education se sont attachees a une approche individualiste de l'implication des familles, et la litterature n'a pas, jusqu'a present, rendu compte des facteurs lies a l'appartenance de classe sociale. Les AA. mettent l'accent sur les differences de competences educationnelles, la flexibilite professionnelle ou economique des parents, les reseaux sociaux et les rapports de pouvoir qui sont en jeu dans la relation famille-ecole. Leur propos est illustre par des exemples tires d'une etude utilisant des methodes ethnographiques. Ils preconisent de poursuivre les recherches afin d'envisager d'autres politiques de rapprochement ecole-famille