Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using qualitative reasoning for social simulation of crowds

The ability to model and reason about the potential violence level of a demonstration is important to the police decision making process. Unfortunately, existing knowledge regarding demonstrations is composed of partial qualitative descriptions without complete and precise numerical information. In this article we describe a first attempt to use qualitative reasoning techniques to model demonstrations. To our knowledge, such techniques have never been applied to modeling and reasoning regarding crowd behaviors, nor in particular demonstrations. We develop qualitative models consistent with the partial, qualitative social science literature, allowing us to model the interactions between different factors that influence violence in demonstrations. We then utilize qualitative simulation to predict the potential eruption of violence, at various levels, based on a description of the demographics, environmental settings, and police responses. We incrementally present and compare three such qualitative models. The results show that while two of these models fail to predict the outcomes of real-world events reported and analyzed in the literature, one model provides good results. We also examine whether a popular machine learning algorithm (decision tree learning) can be used. While the results show that the decision trees provide improved predictions, we show that the QR models can be more sensitive to changes, and can account for what-if scenarios, in contrast to decision trees. Moreover, we introduce a novel analysis algorithm that analyzes the QR simulations, to automatically determine the factors that are most important in influencing the outcome in specific real-world demonstrations. We show that the algorithm identifies factors that correspond to experts' analysis of these events.
Low SNR Capacity of Fading Channels -MIMO and Delay Spread

Discrete-time Rayleigh fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are considered, with no channel state information at the transmitter and receiver. The fading is assumed to be correlated in time and independent from antenna to antenna. Peak and average transmit power constraints are imposed, either on the sum over antennas, or on each individual antenna. In both cases, an upper bound and an asymptotic lower bound, as the signal-to-noise ratio approaches zero, on the channel capacity are presented. The limit of normalized capacity is identified under the sum power constraints, and, for a subclass of channels, for individual power constraints. These results carry over to a SISO channel with delay spread (i.e. frequency selective fading).
Vascular Health and Risk Management Dovepress Open Access to Scientific and Medical Research Open Access Full Text Article Natriuretic Peptides (bnp and Nt-probnp): Measurement and Relevance in Heart Failure

For patients presenting with acute dyspnea, an incorrect diagnosis could increase the mortality risk. When used in the evaluation of patients with acute symptoms, brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP and NT-proBNP, respectively) testing is highly sensitive for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute or chronic decompensated heart failure (HF). It has been demonstrated that BNP and proBNP levels can facilitate diagnosis and guide HF therapy. Natriuretic peptide (NP) levels are strictly related with HF severity; they are particularly increased in more advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes and in patients with poor outcome. Therefore elevated NP levels were found to correlate with the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction and pressures, and left ventricular filling alterations. However, the optimal use of NP determination agrees with patient history, physical examination, and all other diagnostic tools. There are some clinical conditions (ie, obesity, renal insufficiency anemia) for which the NP measurement is not diagnostic. Algorithm building taking into consideration all clinical and echocardiographic parameters, as well as NP measurements, may lead to the earlier identification and better risk stratification of patients with chronic HF, independently from etiology.
A Study on NSL-KDD Dataset for Intrusion Detection System Based on Classification Algorithms

: Intelligent intrusion detection systems can only be built if there is availability of an effective data set. A data set with a sizable amount of quality data which mimics the real time can only help to train and test an intrusion detection system. The NSL-KDD data set is a refined version of its predecessor KDD‟99 data set. In this paper the NSL-KDD data set is analysed and used to study the effectiveness of the various classification algorithms in detecting the anomalies in the network traffic patterns. We have also analysed the relationship of the protocols available in the commonly used network protocol stack with the attacks used by intruders to generate anomalous network traffic. The analysis is done using classification algorithms available in the data mining tool WEKA. The study has exposed many facts about the bonding between the protocols and network attacks.
7.95mW 2.4GHz Fully-Integrated CMOS Integer N Frequency Synthesizer

A fully-integrated, ZigBee standard compliant, frequency synthesizer in the frequency range of 2.4-2.4835 GHz with frequency resolution of 5MHz, is designed in 0.18mum epi-CMOS process and silicon performance is measured. Integer-N architecture is chosen for implementation. It consumes 7.95mW of power at 1.8V supply and core area is 0.75times0. 65mm2. The measured phase-noises are -81.55dBc/Hz and -108.55dBc/Hz at 100kHz and 1MHz offset, respectively, with low settling time less than 25mus
Function-level power estimation methodology for microprocessors

We have developed a function-level power estimation methodology for predicting the power dissipation of embedded software. For a given microprocessor core, we empirically build the “power data bank”, which stores the power information of the built-in library functions and basic instructions. To estimate the average power of an embedded software on this core, we first get the execution information of the target software from program profiling/tracing tools. Then we evaluate the total energy consumption and execution time based on the “power data bank”, and take their ratio as the average power. High efficiency is achieved because no power simulator is used once the “power data bank” is built. We apply this method to a commercial microprocessor core and get power estimates with an average error of 3%. With this method, microprocessor vendors can provide users the “power data bank” without releasing details of the core to help users get early power estimates and eventually guide power optimization.
Adaptación psicométrica de la Escala de Sentido de Comunidad (SCI-II) en escuelas públicas chilenas

This study aimed to adapt the Sense of Community Index (SCI-II) in Chilean schools and to examine its psychometric properties. The validation process was conducted with 2871 students from 6th grade of elementary school to 4th grade of high school in a city of Northern Chile. A 52.4 % (n = 1506) of the sample identified with the female gender and the average age of the sample was 14.64 (SD = 2.046). An exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor solution: school connectivity, valued belongingness, and membership-reciprocity. The reliability of the scale was adequate (α = .879 for school connectivity, α = .884 for valued belongingness and α = .716 for membership-reciprocity), and confirmatory analyzes indicated adequate adjustment rates (CFI = .939; TLI = .933). It was concluded that the proposed model of the adapted version is valid and is appropriate to be used in future studies on the sense of community in the school context. Finally, the article discusses the value of this instrument for public policies and innovation processes of public education.
A parallel and accelerated circuit simulator with precise accuracy

We have developed a highly parallel and accelerated circuit simulator which produces precise results for large scale simulation. We incorporated multithreading in both the model and matrix calculations to achieve not only a factor of 10 acceleration compared to the de facto standard circuit simulator used worldwide, but also equal or exceed the performance of timing-based event-driven simulators with the accuracy which matches that of SPICE-based circuit simulation. For example, a 89K element DRAM CAS circuit simulation can be performed in under 38 minutes with timing accuracy error as little as 7 ps.
Globalization and Industrial Performance in Nigeria: A Case Study of the Plastic Industry; 1975-2010

This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of globalisation on industrial performance in Nigeria over the period 1975 -2010 with the plastic firm in focus. The study period was splitted into two sub-periods, the pre-SAP and post-SAP era since the formal adoption of globalization policies started with the structural adjustment programme. A descriptive method of analysis using percentages, graphs as well as econometrics approach of analysis was employed to achieve the aim of this paper. Applying the Levin, Lin and Cut as well as Hadri Z statistics to determine the stationary state of our data, the result shows that the variables are not stationery at their level but at first difference except. Therefore, a co integrating test was carried out to test the existence of a long run relationship in our data. The result suggests that there exists a long run relationship among the variables. Evidence from the study indicated that, contrary to people’s expectations and claims by the World Bank, the economic performance of industries in the Manufacturing sector especially the plastic industry during the post-SAP period were adversely affected by the process of globalization. That is these policies failed to improve the drop in the rate of capacity utilization of the plastic industry and the sector as a whole as well as their contributions to out put or the growth of the economy. The emerging results from our study indicated that prior to the SAP era the contributions of the Plastic firm to economic growth experienced a continuous drop. This situation according to our study exacerbated during the post SAP era due to the continuous fall in the rate of capacity utilization of the firm. Therefore, our findings confirm the position that the globalisation policies that aim at the structural economic transformation of the economy of the country were associated with a process of deindustrialization. On the basis of the findings from our study, we recommended that firms should be adequately informed about the next phase of globalization, protective policies should be introduced to protect infant industries and subsidization of the cost of raw materials and globalization policies should be adopted in areas where the country have comparative advantage than her trading partners.
Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) Gene Deletion Promotes Cancer Growth in TRAMP Prostate Cancer Prone Mice

The divergent TGF-β superfamily member, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15), is overexpressed by most cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Whilst its circulating levels are linked to cancer outcome, the role MIC-1/GDF15 plays in cancer development and progression is incompletely understood. To investigate its effect on PCa development and spread, we have used TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice bearing a germline deletion of MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPMIC-/-). On average TRAMPMIC-/- mice died about 5 weeks earlier and had larger prostatic tumors compared with TRAMP mice that were wild type for MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPMIC+/+). Additionally, at the time of death or ethical end point, even when adjusted for lifespan, there were no significant differences in the number of mice with metastases between the TRAMPMIC+/+ and TRAMPMIC-/- groups. However, consistent with our previous data, more than twice as many TRAMP mice overexpressing MIC-1/GDF15 (TRAMPfmsmic-1) had metastases than TRAMPMIC+/+ mice (p<0.0001). We conclude that germ line gene deletion of MIC-1/GDF15 leads to increased local tumor growth resulting in decreased survival consistent with an overall protective role for MIC-1/GDF15 in early primary tumor development. However, in advancing disease, as we have previously noted, MIC-1/GDF15 overexpression may promote local invasion and metastatic spread.
Enigmatic declines in bird numbers in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador may be a consequence of climate change

Bird populations have declined in many parts of the world but most of those declines can be attributed to effects of human activities (e.g., habitat fragmentation); declines in areas unaffected by human activities are not common. We have been sampling bird populations at an undisturbed site in lowland forest of eastern Ecuador annually since 2001 using a combination of mist nets and direct observations on two 100-ha plots. Bird numbers fluctuated on both plots during the first 8 years but did not show a consistent pattern of change. Since about 2008, numbers of birds on both plots have declined; capture rates in 2014 were ∼40% less than at the start of the study and observation rates were ∼50% less. Both understory and canopy species declined in abundance. Overall, insectivores showed the most pronounced declines but declines varied among trophic groups. The period from 2008 onward also was a period of stronger La Niña events which, at this study site, are associated with increased rainfall. The mechanism for the declines is not known but likely reflects a combination of reduced reproductive success coupled with reduced survival associated with changing climate.
Getting Along with Danger? Place Attachment, Employment Relationship, and Protective Behaviour Responses

This study aims to explain a commonly overlooked risk phenomenon where a community living around a hazardous facility adapts itself to the dangers posed by the facility. A survey of 434 residents was administered in the community around the Botian chemical plant in Tianjin, China. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that place attachment negatively predicts intention to move away and positively predicts intention to protest. Moreover, it negatively moderates the relationship between risk perception and intention to move away. Employment relationship negatively affects intention to move and protest, and it negatively (positively) moderates the relationship between risk perception and intention to move (intention to protest). The total effects of place attachment and employment relationship weaken the positive effect of risk perception on protective responses.
Queries and Transformations for End Users

We propose a form-based interface to expresses XML queries and transform ations by so-called “document patterns” that describe properties of the requested information and optionally specify how the found results should be reformatted or restructured. The interface is t argeted at casual users who want a fast and easy way to find information in XML data resources. By using dynami c forms an intuitive and easy-to-use interface is obtained that can be used to solve a wide spectrum o f asks, ranging from simple selections and projections to advanced data restructuring tasks. The interf ace is especially suited for end users since it can be used without having to learn a programming or query language and without knowing anything about (query or XML) language syntax, DTDs or schemas. Neverth el ss, DTDs can be well exploited, in particular, on the user interface level to support the sem i-automatic construction of queries.
THE EFFECT OF SPERMINE ON TUBERCLE BACILLI

A crystalline substance capable of suppressing the growth of a variety of mycobacteria in vitro has been isolated from extracts of tissue in acidified dilute ethanol. This inhibitory material was found to be equally active against virulent, attenuated, and avirulent variants of human and bovine tubercle bacilli, but had little or no effect on saprophytic mycobacteria and on several non-acid-fast microorganisms under the conditions of the test. Its inhibitory activity on the growth of tubercle bacilli was essentially independent of the size of the inoculum within the limits studied. The crystalline material appeared to exert a bactericidal action on the susceptible organisms. Tubercle bacilli maintained in the presence of the agent for 4 days failed to grow when transferred to inhibitor-free media. The findings were not appreciably altered by minor variations in the composition of the medium or by shift in its reaction. When certain preparations of whole serum were used in the medium in place of albumin, no antimycobacterial activity was observed; however, this activity was restored by adding bovine albumin (fraction V) to the media containing whole serum. By chemical purification and analysis, the inhibitory material was identified as spermine, an organic base widely distributed in animal tissues.
An RF-MEMS based SP4T switched LNA MMIC used in a 24 GHz beam-steering antenna module

This paper presents an RF-MEMS SP4T switched LNA MMIC used in a 24 GHz beam-steering antenna module. The SP4T LNA has a measured gain of 10-16 dB at 16-30 GHz (NF=2.6-3.0 dB at 16-26 GHz) with up to 37 dB of isolation at 24 GHz when one of the four MEMS switches are closed while the other switches are open. To the authors' knowledge, this work represents a first-time realisation of a MEMS SP4T LNA MMIC used as an on-chip active beam-switching network in an adaptive antenna. The experimental results successfully demonstrate that the MEMS SP4T LNA can be used to control the antenna beam in 4 different directions between -55o and 45o in the same plane.
The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy

Abstract Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by remorseless and impulsive antisocial behavior. Given the significant societal costs of the recidivistic criminal acti\xadvity associated with the disorder, there is a pressing need for more effective treatment strategies and, hence, a better understanding of the psychobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is likely to play an important role in psychopathy. In particular, the ventromedial and anterior cingulate sectors of PFC are theorized to mediate a number of social and affective decision-making functions that appear to be disrupted in psychopathy. This article provides a critical summary of human neuroimaging data implicating prefrontal dysfunction in psychopathy. A growing body of evidence associates psychopathy with structural and functional abnormalities in ventromedial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex. Although this burgeoning field still faces a number of methodological challenges and outstanding questions that will need to be resolved by future studies, the research to date has established a link between psychopathy and PFC.
Localized dynamic kinetic-energy-based models for stochastic coherent adaptive large eddy simulation

Stochastic coherent adaptive large eddy simulation (SCALES) is an extension of the large eddy simulation approach in which a wavelet filter-based dynamic grid adaptation strategy is employed to solve for the most “energetic” coherent structures in a turbulent field while modeling the effect of the less energetic background flow. In order to take full advantage of the ability of the method in simulating complex flows, the use of localized subgrid-scale models is required. In this paper, new local dynamic one-equation subgrid-scale models based on both eddy-viscosity and non-eddy-viscosity assumptions are proposed for SCALES. The models involve the definition of an additional field variable that represents the kinetic energy associated with the unresolved motions. This way, the energy transfer between resolved and residual flow structures is explicitly taken into account by the modeling procedure without an equilibrium assumption, as in the classical Smagorinsky approach. The wavelet-filtered incompressible.
Dedekind Order Completion of C (X) by Hausdorff Continuous Functions

The concept of Hausdorff continuous interval valued functions, developed within the theory of Hausdorff approximations and originaly defined for interval valued functions of one real variable is extended to interval valued functions defined on a topological space X. The main result is that the set Hft (X) of all finite Hausdorff continuous functions on any topological space X is Dedekind order complete. Hence it contains the Dedekind order completion of the set C(X) of all continuous real functions defined on X as well as the Dedekind order completion of the set C b(X) of all bounded continuous functions on X. Under some general assumptions about the topological space X the Dedekind order completions of both C(X) and C b(X) are characterised as subsets of Hft(X). This solves a long outstanding open problem about the Dedekind order completion of C(X). In addition, it has major applications to the regularity of solutions of large classes of nonlinear PDEs.
The dualistic nature of integrative and conjugative elements

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that play a key role in bacterial adaptation. Such elements are found in almost every bacterial genera and species, and often code for adaptive traits conferring selective advantages to their host. ICEs maintain by integrating into and replicating along with a replicon of the host genome. ICEs can propagate by conjugative transfer toward a recipient cell following excision from the replicon as a circular covalently-closed molecule. For a long time, the excised form of ICEs was assumed to be non-replicative. This assumption predicts that excised ICEs are sensitive to loss during cell division, unless they carry stabilization systems such as addiction modules or antibiotic resistance genes. Over the past few years, growing evidence have been presented that support conditional replication of the circular intermediate as an intrinsic feature of ICEs. We recently confirmed this feature in the large family of SXT/R391 ICEs, which thrive in several species of Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SXT/R391 ICEs encode a functional plasmid-like type II partition system that enhances their stability, such systems being probably encoded by other ICEs. The lifecycle of ICEs is therefore much more complex than initially thought as many ICEs may use plasmid-like features to improve their stability and dissemination.
Quo vadis TAM?

The Technology Acceptance model (TAM) is one of the most influential theories in Information Systems. However, despite the model's significant contributions, the intense focus on TAM has diverted researchers’ attention away from other important research issues and has created an illusion of progress in knowledge accumulation. Furthermore, the independent attempts by several researchers to expand TAM in order to adapt it to the constantly changing IT environments has lead to a state of theoretical chaos and confusion in which it is not clear which version of the many iterations of TAM is the commonly accepted one. The present commentary discusses these concerns, speculates on the possible contributions to the current state of affairs, and makes several suggestions to alleviate the problems associated with TAM and to advance IT adoption research to the next stage.
Fast Modular Algorithms for Squarefree Factorization and Hermite Integration

We present new modular algorithms for the squarefree factoriza-tion of a primitive polynomial in Zx] and for computing the rational part of the integral of a rational function in Qx]. We analyze both algorithms with respect to classical and fast arithmetic and argue that the latter variants are|up to logarithmic factors|asymptotically optimal. Even for classical arithmetic, the integration algorithm is faster than previously known methods.