Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the user interface design of an IDE tool recommender

To help software developers work efficiently, integrated development environments (IDE) include many tools. All too often, these developers are unaware of potentially useful tools within these IDEs that might help them complete their work more effectively. To improve both awareness and use of tools within an IDE, we have been developing a recommendation system called Spyglass that recommends tool(s) that might help a developer navigate information available in an IDE more efficiently. When designing such a recommendation system, important considerations are both the content of the recommendations and the form and manner in which those recommendations are made. In this paper, we focus on what we learned about the form and manner of making tool recommendations from a longitudinal user study of Spyglass. These results may be useful to others designing various kinds of recommendation systems for IDEs.
Documentation of Sample Sizes and Panel Attrition in the German Socio Economic Panel (GSOEP) (1984 until 2001)

Die Studie gibt Informationen zu Stichprobengrose und Stichprobenentwicklung im Sozio-okonomischen Panels (SOEP) fur die Jahre 1984 bis 1999. Daruber hinaus beschreibt sie die sequentielle Schatzung der Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten fur die verschiedenen Teilstichproben des SOEP. Diese geschatzten Wahrscheinlichkeiten sind die Grundlage der Berechnung der Hochrechnungsfaktoren im Anschlus an die jeweilige Startwelle im SOEP.
Caspase-like Activity is Required for Programmed Nuclear Elimination during Conjugation in Tetrahymena

Abstract During conjugation in the binucleate ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, the old macronucleus is eliminated as new macronuclei and micronuclei are ontogenetically derived from the zygote nucleus. The mechanism of programmed nuclear elimination in ciliates may be related to the mechanism of apoptosis in higher organisms since its chromatin undergoes major condensation, its DNA is digested into nucleosome-sized fragments, and it stains positively for TUNEL. The present study explores whether caspases are involved in programmed macronuclear degradation in Tetrahymena. We show here that caspase-like activity is detectable using two specific colorimetric substrates, and that the activity is reduced with specific caspase inhibitors. In addition, using the fluorigenic substrate PhiPhiLux, active caspase-like activity is detected in living cells, localized to cytoplasmic vesicles; activity is not detected in pre- or post-condensed macronuclei. Finally, three different inhibitors of caspase activity cause a block to macronuclear chromatin condensation and elimination. Therefore, a caspase-like enzyme activity is necessary for regulating macronuclear elimination in Tetrahymena. These data support the possibility that macronuclear elimination is related, evolutionarily, to regulated cell death in multicellular organisms.
Enhancing Sun-Dried Kelp Detection: Introducing K-YOLO, a Lightweight Model with Improved Precision and Recall

Kelp, often referred to as a “sea vegetable”, holds substantial economic significance. Currently, the drying process for kelp in China primarily relies on outdoor sun-drying methods. Detecting kelp in the field presents challenges arising from issues such as overlapping and obstruction. To address these challenges, this study introduces a lightweight model, K-YOLOv5, specifically designed for the precise detection of sun-dried kelp. YOLOv5-n serves as the base model, with several enhancements implemented in this study: the addition of a detection head incorporating an upsampling layer and a convolution module to improve the recognition of small objects; the integration of an enhanced I-CBAM attention mechanism, focusing on key features to enhance the detection accuracy; the replacement of the CBS module in the neck network with GSConv to reduce the computational burden and accelerate the inference speed; and the optimization of the IoU algorithm to improve the identification of overlapping kelp. Utilizing drone-captured images of sun-dried kelp, a dataset comprising 2190 images is curated. Validation on this self-constructed dataset indicates that the improved K-YOLOv5 model significantly enhances the detection accuracy, achieving 88% precision and 78.4% recall. These values represent 6.8% and 8.6% improvements over the original model, respectively, meeting the requirements for the real-time recognition of sun-dried kelp.
Effects of calcium soaps and rumen undegradable protein on the milk production and composition of dairy ewes

Forty-eight Manchega dairy ewes were used during a complete lactation in a 2×2 factorial design to determine the effects of supplementing diets with fat (calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids, CSFA) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk production and composition. Factors tested were amounts of CSFA (0 or 200 g/kg) and RUP (300 or 450 g/kg crude protein) in the concentrate. RUP was altered by adding a mixture of maize gluten meal and blood meal. Lactation was divided into one nursing period (period 1, weeks 1–4), and three milking periods (periods 2–4, weeks 5–8, 9–14 and 15–21). Concentrates were given at 0–8 kg/d during periods 1 and 2, and at 0–6 kg/d in periods 3 and 4. Ewes grazed rotationally in an Italian rye-grass pasture and received a daily supplement of 0·8 kg vetch–oat hay during period 1, and 0·3 kg lucerne hay during periods 2–4. For the whole lactation, supplemental fat markedly increased milk fat content (+23%) and yield (+16%), and decreased milk protein content (−9%). The positive effect of feeding CSFA on milk fat content was more evident at the beginning of lactation; however, its negative effect on milk protein was more pronounced in late lactation. Supplementary RUP had little effect, increasing milk protein content only in period 3, when the crude protein content of pasture was lower. Milk yield and lamb growth were not affected by dietary treatments. The results indicated that CSFA can be useful for increasing the milk fat content of dairy ewes at pasture, which may help farmers to produce milk reaching the minimum requirements of fat content for the cheese industry.
Migration and regional development in Italy.

The relationship between changes in the geographic location of economic activity in Italy and changes in internal migration patterns is explored. The migration data which are from official sources concern the period 1961-1987; the focus for economic trends is on the decade 1971-1981. The first part of this volume examines migration trends and the quality of the data available. The second part analyzes regional development. The third part looks at the relationship between regional development and migration. The authors conclude that interprovincial migration in Italy during the 1970s was not significantly affected by economic factors. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)
Variation in the photoperiodic response within natural populations of Myzus persicae (Sulz.).

In laboratory experiments, the responses to short photoperiod (10 h) of clones of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) established from random samples of summer populations in southern England were generally stable and characteristic for each clone, and were of four distinct categories: (i) holocyclic, with clones terminated under short photoperiod by production of male and female sexual forms, (ii) intermediate, with a mixed response involving alatae intermediate between gynoparae and virginoparae, (iii) androcyclic, with production of some males along with continued parthenogenesis, and (iv) truly anholocyclic, with no significant response to short photoperiod. All four types can occur within one population, but holocyclic and androcyclic forms are most common. There were clear differences in the proportions of these forms occurring simultaneously on adjacent crops of different host-plants, and in different years on the same crop in the same field. Males of androcyclic clones were able to transmit their partially anholocyclic character through the sexual phase.
Assessing Alien Plant Invasions in Urban Environments: A Case Study of Tshwane University of Technology and Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Preserving the dwindling native biodiversity in urban settings poses escalating challenges due to the confinement of remaining natural areas to isolated and diminutive patches. Remarkably scarce research has scrutinised the involvement of institutions, particularly universities, in introducing alien plant species in South Africa, thus creating a significant gap in effective monitoring and management. In this study, the Tshwane University of Technology in Tshwane Metropole, South Africa serves as a focal point, where we conducted a comprehensive survey of alien plants both within the university premises and beyond its confines. The investigation involved the classification of invasion status and a meticulous assessment of donor and recipient dynamics. Our findings encompass 876 occurrence records, revealing the presence of 94 alien plant species spanning 44 distinct families. Noteworthy occurrences among the dominant plant families are Asteraceae and Solanaceae. Herbaceous and woody plants emerged as the most prevalent alien species, with common representation across both sampling sites. A substantial majority of recorded species were initially introduced for horticultural purposes (51%) before escaping and establishing self-sustaining populations (62%). Furthermore, 43 species identified are listed in South African invasive species legislation, with some manifesting invasive tendencies and altering the distribution of native species in the remaining natural areas. The notable overlap in species observed between the university premises and adjacent areas provides crucial insights into the influence of institutions on the dynamics of plant invasions within the urban landscape. This underscores the prevailing gaps in the management of invasive alien plants in urban zones and accentuates the imperative of an integrated approach involving collaboration between municipalities and diverse institutions for effective invasive species management in urban environments.
Efficient Fault-Tolerant Event Query Algorithm in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks

To overcome the faulty data query problem to improve the accuracy of data query, an efficient fault-tolerant event query algorithm (FTEQ) is proposed, which takes the short-term and long-term spatial and temporal similarities between sensors and environment into considerations. An imprecise and missing data correction algorithm based on Kalman filter is proposed to correct fault sensing data, and a score rank algorithm also is proposed to assign each sensor an appropriate value to reflect the importance of sensors. FTEQ performs self-evaluation and cooperative evaluation schemes with its trustful r neighbor nodes to filter fault data query with the importance of sensor. Simulation results prove that FTEQ performs extremely well in terms of faulty detection rate and data query cost.
Navigation of nonholonomic vehicles in complex environments with potential fields and tracking

We treat the problem of navigation of a wheeled nonholonomic vehicle in a cluttered environment by: (i) finding, at every instant, a new collision free reference position using potential fields, and (ii) tracking this using nonholonomic tracking. Thus, our feedback solution can be applied in real time and guarantees both convergence to a final position and collision avoidance. The issue of final orientation accommodation is resolved for a number of practical configurations by using a fictitious obstacle around the goal state.
Static and dynamic magnetic fields scattering on a mini magneto-static flux manipulator for wireless power transfer

A series research has been conducted during 2012–2015, attempting to harvest abundant geomagnetic energy in Lombok island — Indonesia, resulted in three constructions of magneto-static flux manipulators, which are intended to be used for geomagnetic power plant that operates based on wireless power transfer method. Here we present the third generation of manipulator, namely ‘mini magneto-static flux manipulator’, which consists of three concentric shielding sheets with diameters of 18.5 cm, and each sheet has 8 identical holes. Scattering of static and dynamic magnetic fields are tracked to determine the pattern of flux distribution alterations, caused by opening and closing of shielding holes. Measurements are taken in a semi-anechoic chamber with SPECTRAN NF 5035® and a pair of Helmholtz coils induces a nearly homogenous magnetic field which pattern have been three dimensional mapped in a previous research. Data of static and dynamic magnetic flux densities (each consist of 30 sample) are retrieved on 288 points for non-shielding (initial) condition and 1815 points for shielding (open and close) condition, with regular grid along 30 cm in x-, 20 cm in y-, and 20 cm in z-axis directions. Two dimensional slices are generated from three dimension maps of 1D orthogonal (x-direction) as well as 3D total component flux densities. Results show that placing of a mini manipulator also opening and closing of its shielding holes will alter magnetic field distributions in the shielded region. Even further it can convert static fields to dynamic ones. Therefore, mini magneto-static flux manipulators are more suitable to be applied for the next construction of geomagnetic power plant, considering their efficiencies which are higher than large scale manipulators.
Living liver donation: a survey of the attitudes of the public in Great Britain

Background. Living liver donation (LLD) is becoming an accepted way of increasing the donor pool for liver transplantation. The procedure is associated with major ethical difficulties because there is a significant risk of death to the healthy donor. Methods. We therefore conducted two surveys of the Great Britain population to determine their attitudes to LLD. Results. Approximately three quarters of the population of 1,734 adults aged more than 15 years were supportive of LLD. Those in favor were more likely to be men, better educated, and younger. Seventy-four percent were supportive of the donor being reimbursed for costs incurred in donation, and 19% agreed that the donor should be paid for donation, although there was great variation in the amount suggested. Forty-two percent of the population believed that a risk of 1:200 or less was acceptable when donating to a family member, and only 14% believed that this risk was acceptable when donating to a friend. Conclusions. Most adults in Great Britain are in favor of LLD, although more than half believe that a donor risk of mortality of 1:200 is acceptable.
Language Form And Language Function

Part 1 The form-function problem in linguistics: setting the stage with a (not totally) imaginary dialogue the goals of this book the two orientations in modern linguistics on the variety of generativist approaches on the variety of functionalist approaches a look ahead. Part 2 The boundaries of grammar: overview the three autonomy hypotheses the autonomy of syntax the autonomy of knowledge of language with respect to use of language the autonomy of grammar as a cognitive system conclusion. Part 3 Internal and external explanation in linguistics: overview on explanation in linguistics, internal and external internal explanation external explanation convincing and unconvincing external explanations the problem of competing motivations external explanation and the autonomy of syntax conclusion. Part 4 On syntactic categories: prototypes, fuzzy categories and grammatical theory prototype theory and syntactic catagories syntagmatic simplicity and prototypes - an evaluation paradigmatic complexity and prototypes - an evaluation prototypes and markedness the nonexistence of fuzzy categories against Langacker's notional definitions of "noun" and "verb" conclusion appendix on prototype constructions. Part 5 Deconstructing grammaticalization: overview grammaticalization - a capsule description what is the "true nature" of grammaticalization? the epiphenomenal nature of grammaticalization on unidirectionality two issues in grammaticalization research grammaticalization and generative grammar conclusion. Part 6 Language typology and its difficulties: overview the field of language typology barriers to language typology what is to be done? formal prerequisites to typological analysis implicational hierarchies and a new argument for functionalism typology and generative grammar summary. Part 7 Conclusion.
Training methods and intensity distribution of young world-class rowers.

PURPOSE To describe the distribution of exercise types and rowing intensity in successful junior rowers and its relation to later senior success. METHODS 36 young German male rowers (31 international, 5 national junior finalists; 19.2 +/- 1.4 y; 10.9 +/- 1.6 training sessions per week) reported the volumes of defined exercise and intensity categories in a diary over 37 wk. Training categories were analyzed as aggregates over the whole season and also broken down into defined training periods. Training organization was compared between juniors who attained national and international senior success 3 y later. RESULTS Total training time consisted of 52% rowing, 23% resistance exercise, 17% alternative training, and 8% warm-up programs. Based on heart rate control, 95% of total rowing was performed at intensities corresponding to <2 mmol x L(-1), 2% at 2 to 4 mmol x L(-1), and 3% at >4 mmol x L(-1) blood lactate. Low-intensity work remained widely unchanged at approximately 95% throughout the season. In the competition period, the athletes exhibited a shift within <2 mmol exercise toward lower intensity and within the remaining approximately 5% of total rowing toward more training near maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) intensity. Retrospectively, among subjects going on to international success 3 y later had their training differed significantly from their peers only in slightly higher volumes at both margins of the intensity scope. CONCLUSION The young world-class rowers monitored here exhibit a constant emphasis on low-intensity steady-state rowing exercise, and a progressive polarization in the competition period. Possible mechanisms underlying a potential association between intensity polarization and later success require further investigation.
A Characterization of Testable Hypergraph Properties

We provide a combinatorial characterization of all testable properties of k-graphs (i.e. k-uniform hypergraphs). Here, a k-graph property P is testable if there is a randomized algorithm which makes a bounded number of edge queries and distinguishes with probability 2/3 between k-graphs that satisfy P and those that are far from satisfying P. For the 2-graph case, such a combinatorial characterization was obtained by Alon, Fischer, Newman and Shapira. Our results for the k-graph setting are in contrast to those of Austin and Tao, who showed that for the somewhat stronger concept of local repairability, the testability results for graphs do not extend to the 3-graph setting.
Vasopressin and Arterial Pressure Regulation Special Lecture

Data from conscious rats, dogs, and humans show that plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) begins to exert vasoconstrictor activity at concentrations in the same range as those associated with maximum antidiuretic activity. Minimum pressor responses are observed with elevated plasma AVP, due in part to decreases of cardiac output and in part to withdrawal of sympathetic neural tone to various regions of the systemic circulation. These responses appear to some extent to be speciesdependent. In conscious dogs, but not in rats, the fall of cardiac output is mediated by AVP stimulation of baroreceptor reflex pathways. Studies in rats indicate that AVP inhibits the sympathetic nervous system by direct action on the central nervous system. No evidence was found for inhibition at peripheral sites such as autonomic ganglia or vascular smooth muscle receptors. Also, AVP plays an important role in the regulation of arterial pressure with blood loss by direct vasoconstriction and by AVP enhancement of the strength of the baroreceptor reflex responses. The role of AVP in the longterm control of arterial pressure and in hypertension remains controversial, but plasma AVP is elevated in many experimental and human forms of hypertension. The link between plasma AVP and hypertension remains unclear because long-term elevation of AVP alone cannot sustain volume expansion or hypertension, and excess AVP does not enhance hypertension produced by sodiumretaining hormones or other vasoconstrictor agents. It appears that AVP plays mainly a permissive role by its fluid-retaining effects in most forms of hypertension. It is also possible that it acts as a central nervous system neural transmitter and modifies autonomic pathways in some forms of hypertension.
Sources and Pathways of Formation of Recalcitrant and Residual Phosphorus in an Agricultural Soil

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for sustaining life and agricultural production. Transformation of readily available P into forms that are unavailable to plants adds costs to P replenishment, which eventually translates into lower agronomic benefits and potential loss of soil P into runoff may degrade water quality. Therefore, understanding the sources and pathways of the formation of residual P pools in soils is useful information needed for the development of any technological or management efforts to minimize or inhibit the formation of such P pool and thus maximize availability to plants. In this research, we paired phosphate oxygen isotope ratios (δ18OP) with solid-state 31P NMR and quantitative XRD techniques along with general soil chemistry methods to identify the precipitation pathways of acid-extracted inorganic P (Pi) pools in an agricultural soil. Based on the comparison of isotope values of 0.5 mol L−1 NaOH-Pi, 1 mol L−1 HCl-Pi, and 10 mol L−1 HNO3-Pi pools and correlations of associated elements (Ca, Fe, and Al) in these pools, the HNO3-Pi pool appears most likely to be transformed from the NaOH-Pi pool. A narrow range of isotope values of acid-Pi pools in shallow (tilling depth) and below (where physical mixing is absent) is intriguing but likely suggests leaching of particle-bound P in deeper soils. Overall, these findings provide an improved understanding of the sources, transport, and transformation of acid-Pi pools in agricultural soils and further insights into the buildup of legacy P in soils.
A Vibration-Based MEMS Piezoelectric Energy Harvester and Power Conditioning Circuit

This paper presents a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) piezoelectric power generator array for vibration energy harvesting. A complete design flow of the vibration-based energy harvester using the finite element method (FEM) is proposed. The modal analysis is selected to calculate the resonant frequency of the harvester, and harmonic analysis is performed to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the output voltage. Based on simulation results, a MEMS Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) cantilever array with an integrated large Si proof mass is designed and fabricated to improve output voltage and power. Test results show that the fabricated generator, with five cantilever beams (with unit dimensions of about 3 × 2.4 × 0.05 mm3) and an individual integrated Si mass dimension of about 8 × 12.4 × 0.5 mm3, produces a output power of 66.75 μW, or a power density of 5.19 μW·mm−3·g−2 with an optimal resistive load of 220 kΩ from 5 m/s2 vibration acceleration at its resonant frequency of 234.5 Hz. In view of high internal impedance characteristic of the PZT generator, an efficient autonomous power conditioning circuit, with the function of impedance matching, energy storage and voltage regulation, is then presented, finding that the efficiency of the energy storage is greatly improved and up to 64.95%. The proposed self-supplied energy generator with power conditioning circuit could provide a very promising complete power supply solution for wireless sensor node loads.