Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Leadership Matters: Perspectives From a Teacher Team Implementing Response to Intervention

Previous research investigating the effectiveness of response to intervention (RTI) has relied on post hoc data analyses and surveys, although few studies have explored interactions among teacher teams. Understanding the synergistic impact of teacher work within the RTI framework may have implications for how school leaders can support teacher teams and anticipate some challenges that teachers face. In this study, the authors describe a first-grade teacher team’s experiences during their second year of RTI implementation at a rural Title I school. Findings showed that participants lacked professional development opportunities, leadership support, and tangible resources. Teachers struggled with implementation as they coped with uncertainty about what their job roles were, how to manage interventions, and how to utilize data-based decision making. Teachers identified practices they believed would have supported RTI implementation. By illustrating how the teacher team worked together, the findings offer practical and authentic recommendations for school leaders. Moreover, the findings reinforce the crucial roles that the school and district leadership exercise in effective RTI implementation.
Healing of Achilles tendon partial tear following focused shockwave: a case report and literature review

Achilles tendinopathy is a common cause of posterior heel pain and can progress to partial tendon tear without adequate treatment. Effects of traditional treatments vary, and many recent reports focus on the use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for Achilles tendinopathy but not for Achilles tendon partial tear. Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old female suffering from severe left heel pain for half a year. All treatment and rehabilitation were less effective until ESWT was applied. Each course of focused shockwave therapy included 2500 shots with energy flux density from 0.142 mJ/mm2 to 0.341 mJ/mm2. The visual analog scale decreased from nine to one degree. High-resolution musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed before and 1 month after the treatment, which revealed healing of the torn region and decrease in inflammation. ESWT had shown to be an alternative treatment for Achilles tendon partial tear under safety procedure and ultrasound observation.
Genomic Epidemiology of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Urban Community.

BACKGROUND In a community, it is unknown what factors account for transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We integrated whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiologic data to identify factors associated with MRSA transmission networks in an urban community. METHODS WGS was performed on colonizing USA300 MRSA isolates from 74 individuals within 72 hours of admission to a public hospital in Chicago, IL. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of sequenced isolates, and epidemiologic data was overlaid to identify factors associated with transmission networks. RESULTS The maximum within-patient SNV difference for an individual with multisite colonization was 41 SNVs, with no systematic divergence among body sites. We observed a minimum of 7 SNVs and maximum of 153 SNVs between isolates from different individuals. We identified 4 pairs of individuals whose isolates were within 40 SNVs of each other. Putting our isolates in the context of previously sequenced USA300 isolates from other communities, we identified a 13-member group and two 4-member groups that represent samples from putative local transmission networks. Individuals in these groups were more likely to be African American, to be human immunodeficiency virus-infected, to reside in high detainee release areas, and to be current users of illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS Using WGS, we observed potential transmission networks in an urban community and that certain epidemiologic factors were associated with inclusion in these networks. Future work with contact tracing and advanced molecular diagnostics may allow for identification of MRSA "epicenters" in the community where interventions can be targeted.
An Examination of the Effect of a Policy Change on Police Use of TASERs

The role that department policy plays in shaping how police officers exercise their discretionary powers to use physical force against citizens is a critical issue in the American justice system. Research has established that department policies regarding officers’ use of deadly force effected firearm use and led to reductions in incidents of officers discharging their weapon. There is a noticeable lack of similar evidence on the effects of policy changes regarding the use of non-lethal force. This study describes the results of an assessment of the effect that a change in policy governing a specific type of non-lethal force—TASERs—in one major police department had on officers’ use of the device. The results show that a move to a more restrictive TASER policy led to a reduction in TASER use. The study also reports on the role that factors besides policy play in officers’ TASER usage.
Gender and occupational change: women and retail pharmacy in New Zealand

Recent work on women and professions has suggested that gender is an important influence on occupations' success in establishing and maintaining professional privileges. It has been argued that women have been excluded from professionalising occupations, and that feminisation is linked with de skilling, declining rewards and the development of secondary labour markets, in which women are concentrated. However, the case study of New Zealand pharmacy suggests that this is an incomplete account of the links between gender and professionalisation. For instance, women were partially excluded from retail pharmacy in order to maintain the market structure desired by pharmacists, but their entry in large numbers in the 1960s was an unintended consequence of the success of pharmacists' professionalisation project.
Opinions of general practioners in Nottinghamshire about provision of intrapartum care

Abstract Objective: To examine the beliefs of general practioners concerning intrapartum care. Design: Postal questionnaire survey. Subjects: All general practioners with patients in Nottinghamshire Family Health Services Authority in September 1993. Main outcome measures: General practioners' current involvement in maternity care, and beliefs on intrapartum care. Results: Of 694 general practioners sent questionnaires, 550 (79.2%) replied. 529 of these were on20the obstetric list; 437 had not attended a delivery in the past 12 months; 36 had attended two or more; 358 general practioners did not wish to provide more intrapartum care; 349 did not feel competent to do so. Reasons for not wanting to provide intrapartum care included current workload (453), disruption to personal life (407), and the fear of litigation (377). General practioners who already booked women for home delivery were more likely to20wish to do more deliveries (62/42 v 61/316, X2=85.3; P<0.0001) and to have more positive attitudes towards increasing women's choice in maternity care (90/22 v 195/151, X2=227; P<0.0001). Conclusions: The involvement of general practioners20in intrapartum care in Nottinghamshire is20low, and most general practioners are unwilling to increase their role. However, general practioners who already book for home delivery are keen to do more.
Prevention of toxin-induced intestinal ion and fluid secretion by a small-molecule CFTR inhibitor.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provides an important apical route for Cl(-) secretion across intestinal epithelia. A thiazolidinone-type CFTR blocker (CFTR(inh)-172) reduced cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation in mouse intestinal loops. Here, we characterize the efficacy and pharmacodynamics of CFTR(inh)-172 in blocking cAMP and cGMP induced Cl(-)/fluid secretion in rodent and human intestine. METHODS & RESULTS CFTR(inh)-172 inhibited cAMP and cGMP agonist induced short-circuit current by >95% in T84 colonic epithelial cells (K(I) approximately 3 micromol/L) and in mouse and human intestinal sheets (K(I) approximately 9 micromol/L). A single intraperitoneal injection of CFTR(inh)-172 (200 microg) blocked intestinal fluid secretion in a rat closed-loop model by >90% for cholera toxin and >70% for STa Escherichia coli toxin. In mice, CFTR(inh)-172 (20 microg) inhibited cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion by 90% (persistence t(1/2) approximately 10 hours, K(I) approximately 5 microg) and STa toxin by 75% (K(I) approximately 10 microg). Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic studies indicated intestinal CFTR(inh)-172 accumulation facilitated by enterohepatic circulation. An oral CFTR(inh)-172 preparation reduced fluid secretion by >90% in a mouse open-loop cholera model. CONCLUSIONS A small molecule CFTR blocker markedly reduced intestinal ion and fluid secretion caused by cAMP/cGMP-dependent bacterial enterotoxins. CFTR inhibition may thus reduce fluid secretion in infectious secretory diarrheas.
Patient Satisfaction About Using Patient Controlled Analgesia in Managing Pain Post Surgical Intervention

Management of postoperative pain using patient controlled analgesia (PCA) has increased for its proven advantages over conventional methods of pain control. The purpose of this study was to investigate patients’ satisfaction about using PCA post surgical intervention among patients at Saudi health care settings. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used to collect data from patients using PCA post surgical interventions. The analysis showed that patients had a moderate to high level of perception about efficacy of PCA, and had a moderate level of knowledge about PCA use and its function. The duration of using a PCA pump, patients’ age, gender, marital status, educational level, type of surgery, and their work status were significant predictors (F 7, 76 = 5.13, p < .001; R2= 0.59). PCA offers patients with an individualized analgesic therapy that meets the patients’ demand of pain control. The implications for nurses and medical staff are discussed.
Communication Rules for the Display of Emotions in Organizational Settings

Using a sample of employees from a wide range of occupations, this research examines the general communication rules that govern emotion management in all aspects of organizational involvement— with coworkers and not just customers. Through content analysis of examples of both appropriate and inappropriate displays or masking of positive and negative emotions, results showed that (a) maintaining “professionalism” is central to appropriate emotion management, (b) positive emotions, not just negative emotions, need to be displayed in appropriate ways, and (c) the appropriate display of negative emotions typically means masking those emotions. This leads to a broader view of the role of emotions in organizational communication, one that is frequently overlooked in the rational paradigm that permeates organizational research.
Code Quality Evaluation Methodology Using The ISO/IEC 9126 Standard

This work proposes a methodology for source code quality and static behaviour evaluation of a software system, based on the standard ISO/IEC-9126. It uses elements automatically derived from source code enhanced with expert knowledge in the form of quality characteristic rankings, allowing software engineers to assign weights to source code attributes. It is flexible in terms of the set of metrics and source code attributes employed, even in terms of the ISO/IEC-9126 characteristics to be assessed. We applied the methodology to two case studies, involving five open source and one proprietary system. Results demonstrated that the methodology can capture software quality trends and express expert perceptions concerning system quality in a quantitative and systematic manner.
BRCA1 is a key regulator of breast differentiation through activation of Notch signalling with implications for anti-endocrine treatment of breast cancers

Here, we show for the first time, that the familial breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 activates the Notch pathway in breast cells by transcriptional upregulation of Notch ligands and receptors in both normal and cancer cells. We demonstrate through chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that BRCA1 is localized to a conserved intronic enhancer region within the Notch ligand Jagged-1 (JAG1) gene, an event requiring ΔNp63. We propose that this BRCA1/ΔNp63-mediated induction of JAG1 may be important the regulation of breast stem/precursor cells, as knockdown of all three proteins resulted in increased tumoursphere growth and increased activity of stem cell markers such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1). Knockdown of Notch1 and JAG1 phenocopied BRCA1 knockdown resulting in the loss of Estrogen Receptor-α (ER-α) expression and other luminal markers. A Notch mimetic peptide could activate an ER-α promoter reporter in a BRCA1-dependent manner, whereas Notch inhibition using a γ-secretase inhibitor reversed this process. We demonstrate that inhibition of Notch signalling resulted in decreased sensitivity to the anti-estrogen drug Tamoxifen but increased expression of markers associated with basal-like breast cancer. Together, these findings suggest that BRCA1 transcriptional upregulation of Notch signalling is a key event in the normal differentiation process in breast tissue.
Person-Organization Fit: It’s Relationships with Job Attitudes and Behaviors of Turkish Academicians

Congruence between the employees and the organization which is often called the person-organization (P-O) fit is the main theme of this article. Previous research about P-O fit (Cable and De Rue, 2002; Hoffman and Woehr, 2006; Lauver and Kristof-Brown, 2001; Nelson and Billsberry, 2007; O’Reilly and Chatman, 1986; Sekiguchi, 2004) revealed that a high level of congruence creates positive outcomes for both employees and organizations. In this context, this study attempts to explore the relationships between the P-O fit and job attitudes and behaviors of Turkish academics (e.g., organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors, and the intention to quit of Turkish academicians). In order to test the hypotheses empirically; data was collected from academicians of a State University located in Turkey. After the reliability, correlation and regression analysis, the study was concluded by discussing its implications, limitations, and future research concerning the P-O fit.
Social Representations and Health Psychology

The author examines the specific contribution that social representations research has made to health psychology. In particular, the approach highlights the symbolic, emotive and social aspects of how lay people make meaning of facets of health and illness, and emphasizes the importance of the evolution of these meanings. Empirical work on health and illness is used to cast light on the specific workings of social representations and on the enrichment of the health field offered by this naturalistic perspective. Distinctions are drawn between the social representations approach and other social constructionist approaches in the health field. In addition, the differentiation between social representations and more mainstream approaches to health issues is examined. Primarily, the social representations approach eschews the notion of human thought as analogous to information processing, with the attendant individualist, cognitivist and rationalist assumptions, and recognizes the importance of non-verbal material in the study of the human psyche.
Academic Learning Teams in Accelerated Adult Programs

This article reports adult students’ (N = 632) perceptions of long-functioning academic learning teams in accelerated online and on-campus business cohort groups in six constructs: attraction to team, performance expectation alignment, workload distribution, intra-team conflict, preference for teamwork, and impact on learning. Comparisons between students in online and on-campus programs revealed, regardless of degree or delivery model, a majority of adult students preferred individual work and did not believe teams positively affected their learning. These perspectives were more distinct among students in online programs.
The Handbook of Adult Language Disorders

Part 1: Reading 1. Acquired Impairments in Reading Jeremy J. Purcell, Teresa M. Schubert, and Argye E. Willis 2. Neuroanatomical Aspects of Reading Kyrana Tsapkini and Argye E. Hillis 3. Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading Disorders Rhonda B. Friedman and Susan Nitzberg Lott Part 2: Spelling 4. Uncovering the Cognitive Architecture of Spelling Brenda Rapp and Simon Fischer-Baum 5. Neuroanatomical Correlates of Spelling and Writing Steven Z. Rapcsak and Pelagie M. Beeson 6. Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Spelling Disorders Pelagie M. Beeson and Steven Z. Rapcsak Part 3: Naming 7. The Cognitive Processes Underlying Naming Donna C. Tippett and Argye E. Hillis 8. The Neural Mechanisms Underlying Naming David Race and Argye E. Hillis 9. Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Naming Disorders, Anastasia M. Raymer Part 4: Semantics 10. Semantic Memory Elaine Funnell and Bonnie Breining 11. Neural Substrates of Semantics Rajani Sebastian and Argye E. Hillis 12. Diagnosis and Treatment of Semantic Impairments Sofia Vallila-Rohter and Swathi Kiran Part 5: Auditory Discrimination and Recognition 13. Models of Speech Processing Michael Grosvald, Martha W. Burton, and Steven L. Small 14. Neurobiological Bases of Auditory Processing Deepti Ramadoss and Dana Boatman 15. Diagnosis and Treatment of Auditory Disorders Stephanie Nagle, Deepti Ramadoss, and Dana Boatman Part 6: Sentence Processing 16. Sentence Comprehension Deficits: Independence and Interaction of Syntax, Semantics, and Working Memory Randi C. Martin and Yingying Tan 17. Models of Sentence Production Cynthia K. Thompson, Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah, and Jiyeon Lee 18. The Neural Basis of Syntactic Processing: A Critical Review David Caplan 19. Assessment and Treatment of Sentence Processing Disorders Jane Marshall Part 7: Other Types of Models and Treatment Approaches 20. How Can Connectionist Cognitive Models of Language Inform Models of Language Rehabilitation? Nadine Martin, Matti Laine, and Trevor A. Harley 21. Biological Approaches to Treatment of Aphasia David A. Llano and Steven L. Small 22. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Aphasia Therapy Post Stroke Jenny Crinion 23. A Focus on Life Participation Jacqueline J. Hinckley and Audrey L. Holland 24. The Nature and Implications of Right Hemisphere Language Disorders Connie A. Tompkins, Chia-Ming Lei, and Alexandra Zezinka 25. Prosody and the Aprosodias Donna C. Tippett and Elliott Ross
Online Gaming Communities: A Virtual Ethnography of StarCraft II

ONLINE GAMING COMMUNITIES: A VIRTUAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF STARCRAFT II Kelly Flyte, M.A. George Mason University, 2015 Director: Dr. Cortney Hughes Rinker This thesis follows a group of gamers who regularly play StarCraft II together, and explores how gaming communities are created, sustained, and dissolved in cyberspace. Offered first is an introduction to the StarCraft franchise, websites dedicated to custom content creation, and the unique technical requirements of online gaming. Next, arcade maps and StarCraft II as an eSport are specifically investigated to demonstrate how content creators and professional players are key to the sustainability of online games. Finally, examples of cultural and technological catalysts of and barriers to community building are provided, with an extended focus on national cultures, the relationship between consumers and producers, and the permeability of online communities. Using primarily qualitative methods, including participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis, this research illustrates how online gaming communities are both inclusionary and exclusionary, homogenous and diverse, but ultimately constrained by the limitations of modern technology and the actions of game producers and developers.
Influence of letrozole and anastrozole on total body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels in postmenopausal breast cancer patients evaluated in a randomized, cross-over study.

PURPOSE To compare the effects of the two novel, potent, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors anastrozole and letrozole on total-body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, metastatic breast cancer were treated with anastrozole 1 mg orally (PO) and letrozole 2.5 mg PO once daily, each given for a time interval of 6 weeks in a randomized sequence. Total-body aromatization was determined before treatment and at the end of each treatment period using a dual-label isotopic technique involving isolation of the metabolites with high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma levels of estrone (E(1)), estradiol (E(2)), and estrone sulfate (E(1)S) were determined in samples obtained before each injection using highly sensitive radioimmunoassays. RESULTS Pretreatment aromatase levels ranged from 1.68% to 4.27%. On-treatment levels of aromatase were detectable in 11 of 12 patients during treatment with anastrozole (mean percentage inhibition in the whole group, 97.3%) but in none of the 12 patients during treatment with letrozole (> 99.1% suppression in all patients; Wilcoxon, P =.0022, comparing the two drug regimens). Treatment with anastrozole suppressed plasma levels of E(1), E(2), and E(1)S by a mean of 81.0%, 84.9%, and 93.5%, respectively, whereas treatment with letrozole caused a corresponding decrease of 84.3%, 87.8% and 98.0%, respectively. The suppression of E(1) and E(1)S was found to be significantly better during treatment with letrozole compared with anastrozole (P =.019 and.0037, respectively). CONCLUSION This study revealed letrozole (2.5 mg once daily) to be a more potent suppressor of total-body aromatization and plasma estrogen levels compared with anastrozole (1 mg once daily) in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer.
Multiwavelength Spectrum of the Black Hole XTE J1118+480 in Quiescence

We present an X-ray/UV/optical spectrum of the black hole primary in the X-ray nova XTE J1118+480 in quiescence at LX ≈ 4 × 10-9LEdd. The Chandra, Hubble Space Telescope, and Multiple Mirror Telescope spectroscopic observations were performed simultaneously on 2002 January 12 UT. Because this 4.1 hr binary is located at b = 62°, the transmission of the interstellar medium is very high (e.g., 70% at 0.3 keV). We present many new results for the quiescent state, such as the first far-UV spectrum and evidence for a 0.35 mag orbital modulation in the near-UV flux. However, the centerpiece of our work is the multiwavelength spectrum of XTE J1118+480, which we argue represents the canonical spectrum of a stellar-mass black hole radiating at LX ~ 10-8.5LEdd. This spectrum is composed of two apparently disjoint components: a hard X-ray spectrum with a photon index Γ = 2.02 ± 0.16 and an optical/UV continuum that resembles a 13,000 K disk blackbody spectrum punctuated by several strong emission lines. We present a model of the source in which the accretion flow has two components: (1) an X-ray-emitting interior region where the flow is advection-dominated and (2) a thin exterior accretion disk with a truncated inner edge (Rtr ~ 104 Schwarzschild radii) that is responsible for the optical/UV spectrum. For D = 1.8 kpc, the luminosity of the X-ray component is LX ≈ 3.5 × 1030 ergs s-1 (0.3-7 keV); the bolometric luminosity of the optical/UV component is ≈20 times greater.