Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of intellectual capital impact on companies' market value and financial performace

The main objective of the present study is to measure intellectual capital and investigate its effect on market value and performance measures of 60 Iranian firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from three different industries including pharmaceutical products, chemical products and automobile and parts manufacturing industries during the period of 2009-2012. The obtained results indicated that, in pharmaceutical products and automobile and parts manufacturing industry, market value is significantly and positively affected by IC and its components, except for structural capital efficiency and, moreover, in chemical products industry, IC has not any significant relationship with market value, but, some of its components including human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency have significantly positive relationship with market value indicator. Regarding IC effect on performance measures, it is worth noting that two performance measures of return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are significantly associated to IC and some of its components in all three types of industry especially pharmaceutical products and automobile and parts manufacturing industries. Revenue growth (GR), as another performance measure, is significantly affected by IC and its components only in automobile and parts manufacturing industry. Accordingly, it can be concluded that these observed relationships are moderately affected by industry rype. Keywords : intellectual capital, market value, financial performance, Tehran Stock Exchange
Cell Volume Changes Regulate Slick (Slo2.1), but Not Slack (Slo2.2) K+ Channels

Slick (Slo2.1) and Slack (Slo2.2) channels belong to the family of high-conductance K+ channels and have been found widely distributed in the CNS. Both channels are activated by Na+ and Cl− and, in addition, Slick channels are regulated by ATP. Therefore, the roles of these channels in regulation of cell excitability as well as ion transport processes, like regulation of cell volume, have been hypothesized. It is the aim of this work to evaluate the sensitivity of Slick and Slack channels to small, fast changes in cell volume and to explore mechanisms, which may explain this type of regulation. For this purpose Slick and Slack channels were co-expressed with aquaporin 1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes and cell volume changes of around 5% were induced by exposure to hypotonic or hypertonic media. Whole-cell currents were measured by two electrode voltage clamp. Our results show that Slick channels are dramatically stimulated (196% of control) by cell swelling and inhibited (57% of control) by a decrease in cell volume. In contrast, Slack channels are totally insensitive to similar cell volume changes. The mechanism underlining the strong volume sensitivity of Slick channels needs to be further explored, however we were able to show that it does not depend on an intact actin cytoskeleton, ATP release or vesicle fusion. In conclusion, Slick channels, in contrast to the similar Slack channels, are the only high-conductance K+ channels strongly sensitive to small changes in cell volume.
Review: The Diagnostic Accuracy of Dementia-Screening Instruments With an Administration Time of 10 to 45 Minutes for Use in Secondary Care: A Systematic Review

Early screening for dementia is crucial for identifying reversible causes as well as managing, counseling, and other therapeutic interventions. Many reviews have compared the suitability of very brief screening instruments for use in primary care, but reviews on more extensive instruments in secondary care are scarce. In addition, results on diagnostic accuracy are often biased due to methodological shortcomings, differences in the spectrum of patients or reporting. This systematic review reports the diagnostic accuracy of dementia-screening instruments with an administration time of 10 to 45 minutes, validated in secondary care, restricted to mild dementia and validation studies of ‘‘high quality. ’’ Characteristics such as cognitive domains and reliability figures are also highlighted.
Power dependence of distributed cavity phase-induced frequency biases in atomic fountain frequency standards

We discuss the implications of using high-power microwave tests in a fountain frequency standard to measure the frequency bias resulting from distributed cavity-phase shifts. We develop a theory which shows that the frequency bias from distributed cavity phase depends on the amplitude of the microwave field within the cavity. The dependence leads to the conclusion that the frequency bias associated with the distributed cavity phase is typically both misestimated and counted twice within the error budget of fountain frequency standards.
Title Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud byIntra / Inter-cloud Discharge

An on-ground observation program for high-energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along the Japan Sea has been performed via measurements of gamma ray radiation, atmospheric electric field, and low-frequency radio band. On 11 February 2017, the radiation detectors recorded gamma ray emission lasting for 75 s, and then abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The gamma ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power law model with a photon index of 1.36+0.03 −0.04, being consistent with Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (known as a gamma-ray glow or a thunderstorm ground enhancement). The low-frequency radio monitors, installed ∼50 km away from the gamma ray observation site recorded leader development of an intracloud/intercloud discharge spreading over ∼60 km area with a ∼300-ms duration. The timing of the gamma ray termination coincided with the moment when the leader development of the intracloud/intercloud discharge passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The intracloud/intercloud discharge started ∼15 km away from the gamma ray observation site. Therefore, the glow was terminated by the leader development, while it did not trigger the lightning discharge in the present case. Plain Language Summary This study presents high-energy radiation, atmospheric electric field and low-frequency radio measurements of winter thunderstorms in Japan. Long-duration gamma ray bursts, called “gamma ray glows,” are thought to originate from electrons accelerated and multiplied by strong electric fields in thunderclouds. There are unsolved questions such as electron-acceleration mechanisms, position of the acceleration site, lifetime, and life cycle of the bursts. We observed a gamma ray burst lasting for ∼75 s from a thundercloud abruptly terminated with a lightning discharge. The gamma ray source was destroyed by a cloud-to-cloud discharge over the gamma ray observation site but not related to the triggering of the discharge in the present case.
Structural interaction of cytoskeletal components

Three-dimensional cytoskeletal organization of detergent-treated epithelial African green monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) and chick embryo fibroblasts was studied in whole-mount preparations visualized in a high voltage electron microscope. Stereo images are generated at both low and high magnification to reveal both overall cytoskeletal morphology and details of the structural continuity of different filament types. By the use of an improved extraction procedure in combination with heavy meromyosin subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments, several new features of filament organization are revealed that suggest that the cytoskeleton is a highly interconnected structural unit. In addition to actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, a new class of filaments of 2- to 3-nm diameter and 30- to 300-nm length that do not bind heavy merymyosin is demonstrated. They form end-to-side contacts with other cytoskeletal filaments, thereby acting as linkers between various fibers, both like (e.g., actin- actin) and unlike (e.g., actin-intermediate filament, intermediate filament-microtubule). Their nature is unknown. In addition to 2- to 3-nm filaments, actin filaments are demonstrated to form end-to-side contacts with other filaments. Y-shaped actin filament “branches” are observed both in the cell periphery close to ruffles and in more central cell areas also populated by abundant intermediate filaments and microtubules. Arrowhead complexes formed by subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments point towards the contact site. Actin filaments also form end-to-side contacts with microtubules and intermediate filaments. Careful inspection of numerous actin-microtubule contacts shows that microtubules frequently change their course at sites of contact. A variety of experimentally induced modifications of the frequency of actin-microtubule contacts can be shown to influence the course of microtubules. We conclude that bends in microtubules are imposed by structural interactions with other cytoskeletal elements. A structural and biochemical comparison of whole cells and cytoskeletons demonstrates that the former show a more inticate three-dimensional network and a more complex biochemical composition than the latter. An analysis of the time course of detergent extraction strongly suggests that the cytoskeleton forms a structural backbone with which a large number of proteins of the cytoplasmic ground substance associate in an ordered fashion to form the characteristic image of the “microtrabecular network” (J.J. Wolosewick and K.R. Porter. 1979. J. Cell Biol. 82: 114-139).
Vowel Harmony in Gurenɛ

This paper discusses vowel harmony; a type of assimilatory process in Gurene (Mabia language), within the Autosegmental phonology framework (Goldsmith 1976, 1990, Clements 1977). The phenomenon exists in many African languages and has received descriptive analyses in previous studies on Gurene (see Azagesiba 1977, Dakubu 1996, Nsoh 1997, Adongo 2008). These works were however limited in scope and lacked theoretical grounding. This paper employs the feature spreading approach within Autosegmental phonology to characterise cases in which segments share the same specifications or assimilate to a feature or a group of features (Ewen V from CVCV to multisyllabic words. Even though there are cases when harmony is blocked and does not operate across word boundaries particularly in compounds, the paper established that many Gurene loanwords and compounds are governed by vowel harmony rules. We also found out that the language has vowel-consonant harmony and rounding harmony.
Skeleton-Based Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition

In this paper, a new skeleton-based approach is proposed for 3D hand gesture recognition. Specifically, we exploit the geometric shape of the hand to extract an effective descriptor from hand skeleton connected joints returned by the Intel RealSense depth camera. Each descriptor is then encoded by a Fisher Vector representation obtained using a Gaussian Mixture Model. A multi-level representation of Fisher Vectors and other skeleton-based geometric features is guaranteed by a temporal pyramid to obtain the final feature vector, used later to achieve the classification by a linear SVM classifier. The proposed approach is evaluated on a challenging hand gesture dataset containing 14 gestures, performed by 20 participants performing the same gesture with two different numbers of fingers. Experimental results show that our skeleton-based approach consistently achieves superior performance over a depth-based approach.
A Generalized Omega-K Algorithm to Process Translationally Variant Bistatic-SAR Data Based on Two-Dimensional Stolt Mapping

In translationally variant (TV) bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BSAR), 2-D spatial variation is a major problem to be tackled. In this paper, a generalized Omega-K imaging algorithm to deal with this problem is proposed. The method utilizes a point target reference spectrum of the generalized Loffeld's bistatic formula (LBF) (GLBF). Without the bistatic-deformation term, GLBF is the latest development of LBF. Similar to the monostatic case, it has a much simpler form than other point target reference spectra. Based on the spatial linearization of GLBF, the Stolt mapping relationship is derived. Different from the traditional Omega-K algorithms for monostatic SAR and translationally invariant BSAR, this approach uses a 2-D Stolt frequency transformation. Through this transformation, the method can deal with the 2-D spatial variation. It can also consider the linear spatial variation of Doppler parameters, which is usually not considered in the previous publications on bistatic Omega-K algorithms. This method can handle the cases of TV-BSAR with different trajectories, different velocities, high squint angles, and large bistatic angles. In addition, a compensation method for the phase error caused by the linearization is discussed. Numerical simulations and experimental data processing verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Roles of Sectoral Moderator – A Combination of Environmental Munificence and volatility – in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance

3 Introduction.4 Research purpose.7 Research design.8 Literature review.10 Business environment and millennium.10 Stakeholder theory.12 Corporate social responsibility.17 (1) Stakeholder benefit.17 (2) Social-economic profitability.20 Corporate Financial performance.27 Environmental munificence.30 Environmental volatility.31 Integration of environmental munificence and volatility.32 Hypothesis.33 Methodology.40 (1) Level of analysis.40 (2) Data collection.41 (3) Measure of financial performance.43 (4) Measure of CSR.44 v (5) Measure of environmental munificence and volatility.44 (6) Control variables.48 Results and Conclusion.49 Discussion.55 Reference.58
Modeling the Developmental Patterning of Finiteness Marking in English, Dutch, German, and Spanish Using MOSAIC

In this study, we apply MOSAIC (model of syntax acquisition in children) to the simulation of the developmental patterning of children's optional infinitive (OI) errors in 4 languages: English, Dutch, German, and Spanish. MOSAIC, which has already simulated this phenomenon in Dutch and English, now implements a learning mechanism that better reflects the theoretical assumptions underlying it, as well as a chunking mechanism that results in frequent phrases being treated as 1 unit. Using 1, identical model that learns from child-directed speech, we obtain a close quantitative fit to the data from all 4 languages despite there being considerable cross-linguistic and developmental variation in the OI phenomenon. MOSAIC successfully simulates the difference between Spanish (a pro-drop language in which OI errors are virtually absent) and obligatory subject languages that do display the OI phenomenon. It also highlights differences in the OI phenomenon across German and Dutch, 2 closely related languages whose grammar is virtually identical with respect to the relation between finiteness and verb placement. Taken together, these results suggest that (a) cross-linguistic differences in the rates at which children produce OIs are graded, quantitative differences that closely reflect the statistical properties of the input they are exposed to and (b) theories of syntax acquisition need to consider more closely the role of input characteristics as determinants of quantitative differences in the cross-linguistic patterning of phenomena in language acquisition.
Oxygen uptake plateau occurrence in trained male and female adults

The attainment of an oxygen uptake ( 2 O V ) plateau during maximal incremental exercise is often considered as a criterion for the elicitation of a maximal effort. However there is growing evidence that a ( 2 O V ) plateau does not occur in all adult subjects despite exercise to volitional exhaustion. One school of thought is that aerobically trained subjects or subjects with a higher maximal 2 O V were more likely to demonstrate the 2 O V plateau phenomenon than subjects with lower maximal 2 O V . The study investigated the frequency of occurrence of the 2 O V plateau, defined as an increase in 2 O V of less than 1.5 ml/kg/min in trained Asian male (n=158, age=21.7±4.9y; body mass=64.8±8.6kg) and female (n=28, age=21.9±7.0y; body mass=53.0±7.0kg) athletes during a maximal treadmill run to volitional exhaustion, to determine maximal 2 O V . The 2 O V plateau phenomenon was only detected in 53% of the male athletes and 64% of the female athletes, despite the lower ratio-scaled peak 2 O V values (48.4±7.2 vs. 58.0±6.9 ml/kg BM/min; p<0.05) of the female athletes compared to the male athletes. These data refuted the assertions that athletes with higher aerobic fitness were more likely to show a 2 O V plateau, and that the lack of a 2 O V plateau was due to poor motivation on the part of untrained adults to give a maximal effort. (Biol.Sport 24:13-19, 2007)
Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between Inflation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Rwanda

It is now widely agreed among economists, policy makers and central bankers that the main objective of macroeconomic policy is to achieve a high and sustained economic growth rate while maintaining a low inflation rate. It is also believed that high inflation has an adverse effect on economic growth. But how low should the inflation rate be not to impact negatively on economic growth? Monetary authorities in Rwanda have been targeting an inflation level of around 5% for economic policy purposes. Was this inflation target the most appropriate for economic growth? Recent studies have demonstrated that, depending on the structure and level of development of the economy, inflation becomes detrimental to economic growth when it exceeds a certain threshold. Below this threshold the impact of inflation on growth is non-significant or even positive. Against this backdrop, this paper assumes a non-linear relationship between inflation and economic growth and attempts to identify the existence of threshold effects between these variables in the case of Rwanda using a data set spanning the sample period 1968–2010. The existence of a threshold level above which inflation has an adverse effect on economic growth in Rwanda has been investigated by means of a quadratic regression model and the ordinary least squares technique. The results showed that at low levels inflation does not hurt economic growth, while at higher levels inflation reduces economic growth. The estimated inflation threshold level is 12.7%. As the findings of this study have unveiled the estimated threshold inflation rate consistent with economic growth in Rwanda, they would provide some useful guidance to economic decision makers in designing a more appropriate macroeconomic policy framework. JEL: E31; C13; 040
IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC BANKING ON THE PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Purpose: The study sought to determine the impact of electronic banking on the profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the research consists of the 43 commercial banks in operations as at 31st 2014 in Kenya. A census survey was undertaken. The study used secondary data obtained from various Central Bank of Kenya publications. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics produced trends, means and percentages while inferential statistics produced regression and correlation results which showed the causal relationship among the variables. Results: Results from multiple regression indicated that there is a there a positive significant relationship between ATM transactions and bank profitability (p<0.05-0.004). A unit increase in ATM transactions leads to an increase in ROE (bank profitability) by 1.662 units. Further, the study found a positive significant relationship between POS transactions and bank profitability (p<0.05-0.021). A unit increase in POS transactions lead to an increase in ROE by 1.34 units. Trend analysis revealed that ATM transactions had a general positive trend over time. The highest volume of ATM transactions was registered in 2012. POS transactions have also steadily increased between January 2007 and June 2015. There has been an exponential positive growth in mobile transactions since the inception of M-Pesa in 2007. The average ROE of commercial bank has been relatively stable over the period covered by the study. The study used descriptive statistics was used to summarize the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Results indicated that the model of the study explained 16.9% of the dependent variable. The ANOVA tests further validated the model by indicating that it sufficiently explained the variation of profitability in commercial banks (F=6.407, p=0.000 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that commercial banks increase their ATM networks and encourage the use of payment cards at POS terminals. The study also recommends an income diversification strategy. Commercial banks should consider their charges on ATM withdrawals. Commercial banks should also consider partnering with each other so that the clients can carry out transactions at any ATM regardless of where they bank. Commercial banks should also ensure proper maintenance of ATM outlets to ensure quality service delivery to their clients. ATM outlets should also be strategically to be accessible to as many clients possible. Commercial banks should also partner with retail outlets like supermarkets and other service providers to increase the use of banking services at point of sale terminals. Campaign ads should be undertaken by banks to inform the public on the benefits of using the cards to pay at retail outlets. It is also recommended that commercial banks inform their clients on the retail outlets at which they can use their cards to pay for goods and services.