Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full-Subtopic Retrieval with Keyphrase-Based Search Results Clustering

We consider the problem of retrieving multiple documents relevant to the single subtopics of a given web query, termed "full-subtopic retrieval". To solve this problem we present a novel search results clustering algorithm that generates clusters labeled by keyphrases. The keyphrases are extracted from the generalized suffix tree built from the search results and merged through an improved hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedure. We also introduce a novel measure for evaluating full-subtopic retrieval performance, namely "Subtopic Search Length under k document sufficiency". Using a test collection specifically designed for evaluating subtopic retrieval, we found that our algorithm outperformed both other existing search results clustering algorithms and also a search results re-ranking method that emphasized diversity of results (at least for k≫1; i.e., when we are interested in retrieving more than one relevant document per subtopic). Our approach has been implemented into KeySRC (Keyphrase-based Search Results Clustering), a full web clustering engine available online at http://keysrc.fub. it.
Acculturation of Indian Subcontinental Adolescents Living in Australia

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the preferred acculturation strategies adopted by Indian subcontinental adolescents living in Australia. The study also examined the demographic, ethnocultural, and psychological factors that could influence subcontinental migrant groups' attitudes towards acculturation and their acculturation strategies. Method A cross‐sectional design was used in which the dependent variables were the four acculturation strategies. Multivariate data analysis was conducted. Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance, and step‐wise multiple regression analyses were performed to establish the relationships among the study variables. Results Integration was the most preferred strategy and marginalisation was the least preferred strategy for all ethnic groups. Acculturation preferences are predicted partly by the adolescents' ethnicity, their ethnic identity, friendship choices, acculturative stress, sense of mastery (self‐concept) and gender. The findings provide significant information on the acculturation practices of Indian subcontinental adolescents, including their ethnic identity search and commitment, their psychological well‐being and their integration strategies. Conclusions Educational institutions could benefit from increased awareness of the needs of these culturally diverse groups, especially if this information is incorporated into teacher training materials. The inclusion of intercultural relations courses in the academic curriculum would promote harmonious relations between culturally diverse ethnic groups.
On the Comparison of Classifiers for Microarray Data

Abstract : The aim of many microarray experiments is to build discriminatory diagnosis and prognosis models. A large number of supervised methods have been proposed in literature for microarray-based classification. Model comparison, which is based on the classification error estimation, is a critical issue. Previous studies have shown that error estimation is unreliable in high-dimensional small-sample settings. This leads naturally to questioning the validity of classification-rule comparison approaches being used in the literature. In this paper we present a brief review of the different comparison methods used in bioinformatics. Then, we test these methods on a set of simulations based on both synthetic and real data. These simulations include different feature-label distributions, classification rules, error estimators and variance estimators. The results show that none of these methods can provide reliable comparison across a wide spectrum of feature-label distributions and classification rules.
How does brain process favorable feedback with low possibility: An ERP research

Humans often learn from outcome feedback to modify the knowledge of objects/things, even to optimize subsequent strategies. Some studies have documented that participants divided outcomes into two sides in reward task: favorite and unfavorable outcome. But in real life we estimate outcome related closely at least two dimensions: whether the result will benefit us, and how frequent the result will occur. In this pilot ERP investigation, we adopt an elaborate gamble task to divide favorability evaluation and possibility evaluation, and assume FN and P300 are indices for favorability and possibility respectively. Results show that FN were significantly more negative in the loss condition than in the gain condition, and P300 were significantly more positive in the gain/low-possibility condition than in the loss/high-possibility condition.
Optimal current waveforms for brushless permanent magnet motors

In this paper, we give energy-optimal current waveforms for a permanent magnet synchronous motor that result in a desired average torque. Our formulation generalises previous work by including a general back-electromotive force (EMF) wave shape, voltage and current limits, an arbitrary phase winding connection, a simple eddy current loss model, and a trade-off between power loss and torque ripple. Determining the optimal current waveforms requires solving a small convex optimisation problem. We show how to use the alternating direction method of multipliers to find the optimal current in milliseconds or hundreds of microseconds, depending on the processor used, which allows the possibility of generating optimal waveforms in real time. This allows us to adapt in real time to changes in the operating requirements or in the model, such as a change in resistance with winding temperature, or even gross changes like the failure of one winding. Suboptimal waveforms are available in tens or hundreds of microseconds, allowing for quick response after abrupt changes in the desired torque. We demonstrate our approach on a simple numerical example, in which we give the optimal waveforms for a motor with a sinusoidal back-EMF, and for a motor with a more complicated, nonsinusoidal waveform, in both the constant-torque region and constant-power region.
Researches on the Relationship between Academic Pressure and Aggressive in High School Students

Select Anqing City,Anhui Province,two high school of 496 students were tested to investigate the conditions and relationship of the high school academic pressure and aggressive.The results indicted as follows:(1) there are gender,significant regional differences in high school students academic stress and academic pressure awareness level,the girls than the boys on the awareness level of academic stress and academic pressure,rural students in the awareness level of academic stress and academic pressure is higher than urban students. (2) There are significant gender differences in aggressive behavior,aggressive feelings,aggressive cognition;boys in aggressive behavior,aggressive cognition higher than girls,girls higher than boys in the aggressive feelings.Aggressive behavior,there is the interaction of geographical and grade and gender,geography,grade three interaction. (3) Academic pressure on four factors: the offensive verbal attacks,self-venting,irritable mood,hostile cognition has a positive prediction.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 Is Associated with Symptomatic Lesions and Adverse Events in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis

Background Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cerebrovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in matrix degradation within the atherosclerotic lesion leading to plaque destabilization and ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that MMP-7 could be involved in this process. Methods Plasma levels of MMP-7 were measured in 182 consecutive patients with moderate (50–69%) or severe (≥70%) internal carotid artery stenosis, and in 23 healthy controls. The mRNA levels of MMP-7 were measured in atherosclerotic carotid plaques with different symptomatology, and based on its localization to macrophages, the in vitro regulation of MMP-7 in primary monocytes was examined. Results Our major findings were (i) Patients with carotid atherosclerosis had markedly increased plasma levels of MMP-7 compared to healthy controls, with particularly high levels in patients with recent symptoms (i.e., within the last 2 months). (ii) A similar pattern was found within carotid plaques with markedly higher mRNA levels of MMP-7 than in non-atherosclerotic vessels. Particularly high protein levels of MMP-7 levels were found in those with the most recent symptoms. (iii) Immunhistochemistry showed that MMP-7 was localized to macrophages, and in vitro studies in primary monocytes showed that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in combination with hypoxia and oxidized LDL markedly increased MMP-7 expression. (iv) During the follow-up of patients with carotid atherosclerosis, high plasma levels of MMP-7 were independently associated with total mortality. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MMP-7 could contribute to plaque instability in carotid atherosclerosis, potentially involving macrophage-related mechanisms.
Impression Fraud in On-line Advertising via Pay-Per-View Networks

Advertising is one of the primary means for revenue generation for millions of websites and mobile apps. While the majority of online advertising revenues are based on pay-per-click, alternative forms such as impression-based display and video advertising have been growing rapidly over the past several years. In this paper, we investigate the problem of invalid traffic generation that aims to inflate advertising impressions on websites. Our study begins with an analysis of purchased traffic for a set of honeypot websites. Data collected from these sites provides a window into the basic mechanisms used for impression fraud and in particular enables us to identify pay-per-view (PPV) networks. PPV networks are comprised of legitimate websites that use JavaScript provided by PPV network service providers to render unwanted web pages "underneath" requested content on a real user's browser so that additional advertising impressions are registered. We describe the characteristics of the PPV network ecosystem and the typical methods for delivering fraudulent impressions. We also provide a case study of scope of PPV networks in the Internet. Our results show that these networks deliver hundreds of millions of fraudulent impressions per day, resulting in hundreds of millions of lost advertising dollars annually. Characteristics unique to traffic delivered via PPV networks are also discussed. We conclude with recommendations for countermeasures that can reduce the scope and impact of PPV networks.
0 Ju n 20 09 Holographic model with a NS-NS field

We consider a holographic model constructed through using the D4/D8-D8 brane configuration with a NS-NS BMN background field. We study some properties of the effective field theory in this intersecting brane construction, and calculate the effects of this NS-NS background field on some underlying dynamics. We also discuss some other general brane configurations.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Alkyl Nitroderivatives of Hydroxytyrosol

A series of alkyl nitrohydroxytyrosyl ether derivatives has been synthesized from free hydroxytyrosol (HT), the natural olive oil phenol, in order to increase the assortment of compounds with potential neuroprotective activity in Parkinson’s disease. In this work, the antioxidant activity of these novel compounds has been evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and Oxygen Radical Scavenging Capacity (ORAC) assays compared to that of nitrohydroxytyrosol (NO2HT) and free HT. New compounds showed variable antioxidant activity depending on the alkyl side chain length; compounds with short chains (2–4 carbon atoms) maintained or even improved the antioxidant activity compared to NO2HT and/or HT, whereas those with longer side chains (6–8 carbon atoms) showed lower activity than NO2HT but higher than HT.
Introduction to self-attachment and its neural basis

We introduce the notion of self-attachment which, based on an interdisciplinary set of concepts, proposes a new psychotherapeutic technique. The underlying ideas include findings and paradigms in developmental psychology and neuroscience, neuroplasticity and long term term potentiation, fMRI studies on human bond making and religious experience, and experiments in energy based artificial neural networks. The proposed self-attachment therapeutic technique is distinguished by its intervention to create an internal and passionate affectional bond within the individual between the “adult self”, representing the logical and cognitive faculty, and the “inner child”, representing the unregulated and undeveloped emotional circuits. The aim is to create more optimal circuits for emotional regulation. The proposed self-attachment protocols internally emulate within the individual the interactions of a good enough primary care-giver and child in order to moderate the child's arousal level, minimise its negative affects and maximize its positive affects. These interactions are assumed, in developmental neuroscience and in developmental psychology, to be the basis of secure attachment of children with their parents, which leads to an optimal regulation of neurotransmitters, hormones, and the emotional dynamics of the individual. We report on several case studies of this technique in recent years. Finally, we propose a simple mathematical model to capture the impact of self-attachment protocols using the notion of strong patterns in energy based neural networks and employ a recently developed mathematical model to examine the impact of self-attachment using emotional and cognitive neural pathways for decision making.
Characterization of guided-wave propagation in composite plates

The increasing use of composite materials in multiple engineering applications has emphasized the need for structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies capable of detecting, locating, and classifying structural defects in these materials. Guided wave (GW) methods offer an attractive solution for SHM due to their tunable sensitivity to different defects and their ability to interrogate large structural surfaces. The complications associated with the material anisotropy and directionality in composites result in an increased need for accurate and efficient simulation tools to characterize GW excitation and propagation in these materials. This paper presents a theoretical model based on three-dimensional elasticity to characterize GW excitation by finite-dimensional transducers in composite laminates. The theory uses an eigenbasis expansion for a bulk transversely isotropic material combined with Fourier transforms, the global matrix approach, and residue theory to find the displacement field excited by an arbitrarily shaped finite-dimensional transducer. Experimental results obtained in a cross-ply composite laminate are used to assess the accuracy of the theoretical solution.
Matrix Protein of Rabies Virus Is Responsible for the Assembly and Budding of Bullet-Shaped Particles and Interacts with the Transmembrane Spike Glycoprotein G

ABSTRACT To elucidate the functions of rhabdovirus matrix (M) protein, we determined the localization of M in rabies virus (RV) and analyzed the properties of an M-deficient RV mutant. We provide evidence that M completely covers the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) coil and keeps it in a condensed form. As determined by cosedimentation experiments, not only the M-RNP complex but also M alone was found to interact specifically with the glycoprotein G. In contrast, an interaction of G with the nucleoprotein N or M-less RNP was not observed. In the absence of M, infectious particles were mainly cell associated and the yield of cell-free infectious virus was reduced by as much as 500,000-fold, demonstrating the crucial role of M in virus budding. Supernatants from cells infected with the M-deficient RV did not contain the typical bullet-shaped rhabdovirus particles but instead contained long, rod-shaped virions, demonstrating severe impairment of the virus formation process. Complementation with M protein expressed from plasmids rescued rhabdovirus formation. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of M protein in condensing and targeting the RNP to the plasma membrane as well as in incorporation of G protein into budding virions.
Fast event-based Harris corner detection exploiting the advantages of event-driven cameras

The detection of consistent feature points in an image is fundamental for various kinds of computer vision techniques, such as stereo matching, object recognition, target tracking and optical flow computation. This paper presents an event-based approach to the detection of corner points, which benefits from the high temporal resolution, compressed visual information and low latency provided by an asynchronous neuromorphic event-based camera. The proposed method adapts the commonly used Harris corner detector to the event-based data, in which frames are replaced by a stream of asynchronous events produced in response to local light changes at μs temporal resolution. Responding only to changes in its field of view, an event-based camera naturally enhances edges in the scene, simplifying the detection of corner features. We characterised and tested the method on both a controlled pattern and a real scenario, using the dynamic vision sensor (DVS) on the neuromorphic iCub robot. The method detects corners with a typical error distribution within 2 pixels. The error is constant for different motion velocities and directions, indicating a consistent detection across the scene and over time. We achieve a detection rate proportional to speed, higher than frame-based technique for a significant amount of motion in the scene, while also reducing the computational cost.
Categorization generated by prototypes -- an axiomatic approach

We present a model of categorization based on prototypes. A prototype is an image or template of an idealized member of the category. Once a set of prototypes is defined, entities are sorted into categories on the basis of the prototypes they are closest to. We provide a characterization of those categorizations that are generated by prototypes.
Exposure to Sevoflurane Affects the Development of Parvalbumin Interneurons in the Main Olfactory Bulb in Mice

Sevoflurane is widely used in adult and pediatric patients during clinical surgeries. Although studies have shown that exposure to sevoflurane impairs solfactory memory after an operation, the neuropathological changes underlying this effect are not clear. This study detected the effect of sevoflurane exposure on the development of calcium-binding proteins-expressing interneurons in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). We exposed neonatal mice to 2% sevoflurane at two different developmental time points and found that exposing mice to sevoflurane at postnatal day (PD) 7 significantly decreased the expression of GAD67 and parvalbumin (PV) in the olfactory bulb (OB) but did not alter the expression of calretinin (CR) or calbindin D28k (CB). The number and dendritic morphology of PV-expressing interneurons in the MOB were impaired by exposure to sevoflurane at PD7. However, exposure to sevoflurane at PD10 had no effect on calcium-binding protein expression or the number and dendritic morphology of PV-expressing interneurons in the MOB. These results suggest that exposing neonatal mice to sevoflurane during a critical period of olfactory development affects the development of PV-expressing interneurons in the MOB.
The Social and Emotional Dimensions of a Single Item Overall School Readiness Screener and its Relation to Academic Outcomes

The purpose of the study was to examine the relations among a single item school readiness screener, social/emotional ratings, and academic performance. A prior study found that single item kindergarten readiness ratings completed in the fall predicted end-of-year academic and behavior outcomes even after controlling for baseline scores. Here, we attempted to extend these findings by using a single overall readiness item, an expanded rating scale for the item, and a comparison with other social and emotional ratings provided by teachers. Fifty-five teachers in 18 elementary school sites completed the overall readiness item on 893 kindergarten students. Teachers also completed Likert-type social emotional items and assessments of emergent literacy skills on all students. Results suggested that teachers use basic social behavior expectations in their judgments of readiness rather than extreme disruptive behaviors. In addition, the single item identified students who were below benchmark and not prepared to start school with higher accuracy than a 14-item social rating scale. Discussion focuses on the promise and limitations of the single item measure and future directions for its study and use.
Empathy and perspective-taking: Examination and comparison of strategies to reduce weight stigma.

Considerable evidence indicates that individuals with obesity are vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. However, comparably less research has examined strategies to reduce weight bias, and the existing evidence is mixed. To help clarify these findings and incorporate prejudice-reduction interventions that have been successfully applied to other stigmatized groups (i.e., empathy-induction and perspective-taking), we experimentally tested and compared four different, brief stigma-reduction interventions in a national sample of American adults. Participants (N = 650) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental conditions (Empathy, Perspective-Taking, Causal Information, or Empathy/Information Hybrid) or a control condition. Outcome variables included explicit weight bias (Fat Phobia), social distance, and affective reactions to individuals with obesity. The empathy and perspective-taking conditions induced more empathy than the control and informational conditions, and altered affective reactions towards persons with obesity in the expected directions. However, no experimental condition reduced Fat Phobia or social distance relative to the control condition. The current findings suggest that empathy-evoking and perspective-taking strategies may increase empathy and alter affective reactions towards individuals with obesity; however, these strategies remain questionable as effective means to reduce weight stigma.
Classical robustness of quantum unravellings

We introduce three measures which quantify the degree to which quantum systems possess the robustness exhibited by classical systems when subjected to continuous observation. Using these we show that for a fixed environmental interaction the level of robustness depends on the measurement strategy, or unravelling, and that no single strategy is maximally robust in all ways.