Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An electronic documentation system improves the quality of admission notes: a randomized trial

Objective: There are concerns that structured electronic documentation systems can limit expressivity and encourage long and unreadable notes. We assessed the impact of an electronic clinical documentation system on the quality of admission notes for patients admitted to a general medical unit. Methods: This was a prospective randomized crossover study comparing handwritten paper notes to electronic notes on different patients by the same author, generated using a semistructured electronic admission documentation system over a 2-month period in 2014. The setting was a 4-team, 80-bed general internal medicine clinical teaching unit at a large urban academic hospital. The quality of clinical documentation was assessed using the QNOTE instrument (best possible score = 100), and word counts were assessed for free-text sections of notes. Results: Twenty-one electronic-paper note pairs (42 notes) written by 21 authors were randomly drawn from a pool of 303 eligible notes. Overall note quality was significantly higher in electronic vs paper notes (mean 90 vs 69, P < .0001). The quality of free-text subsections (History of Present Illness and Impression and Plan) was significantly higher in the electronic vs paper notes (mean 93 vs 78, P < .0001; and 89 vs 77, P = .001, respectively). The History of Present Illness subsection was significantly longer in electronic vs paper notes (mean 172.4 vs 92.4 words, P = .0001). Conclusions: An electronic admission documentation system improved both the quality of free-text content and the overall quality of admission notes. Authors wrote more in the free-text sections of electronic documents as compared to paper versions.
The effect of founder experience on the performance of philanthropic venture capital firms

This article assesses the relationship between the experiences of the philanthropic venture capital firm’s founding team and the venture firm’s subsequent economic, social, and total performance. Results indicate that commercial and social experiences help economic and social performance, respectively. However, when pursuing the maximization of both social and economic performance, philanthropic venture capital firms perform best when the founding team has high levels of commercial experience and low levels of social experience.
Corruption in International Business

I analyze corruption in international business, presenting a critical assessment of the topic and providing suggestions for future research. I argue that corruption creates a laboratory for expanding international business studies because its illegal nature, the differences in perception about illegality, and the variation in the enforcement of laws against bribery across countries challenge some of the assumptions upon which arguments have been built, i.e., that managers can choose appropriate actions without major legal implications. Hence, I first provide suggestion for how to analyze the topic of corruption in future studies by analyzing the types, measures, causes, consequences, and controls of corruption. I then provide suggestions for how to extend leading theories of the firm by using corruption as a laboratory that challenges some of the assumptions of these theories: extending agency theory by analyzing the existence of unethical agency relationships; extending transaction cost economics by analyzing illegal transaction costs minimization; extending the resource-based view by studying corporate social irresponsibility capability; extending resource dependency by analyzing the ethical power escape; and extending neo-institutional theory by studying illegal legitimacy.
Detecting data-flow errors based on Petri nets with data operations

In order to guarantee the correctness of business processes, not only control-flow errors but also data-flow errors should be considered. The control-flow errors mainly focus on deadlock, livelock, soundness, and so on. However, there are not too many methods for detecting data-flow errors. This paper defines Petri nets with data operations U+0028 PN-DO U+0029 that can model the operations on data such as read, write and delete. Based on PN-DO, we define some data-flow errors in this paper. We construct a reachability graph with data operations for each PN-DO, and then propose a method to reduce the reachability graph. Based on the reduced reachability graph, data-flow errors can be detected rapidly. A case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Financial market and housing wealth effects on consumption: a permanent income approach

The objective of this study is to examine the financial market and housing wealth effects on consumption. Housing has the dual functions as both a commodity yielding a flow of housing services and an investment asset yielding a flow of capital income. With the construction of an empirical framework based on the vector autoregression approach, the findings from this study suggest that a rise in housing price has both a positive wealth effect and a negative price effect on consumption. While the positive wealth effect is caused by an increase in capital income, the negative price effect is caused by an increase in the cost of housing services. In addition, the housing market wealth effect increases, at the expense of the price effect, with the level of housing-market leverage. These findings imply that the government policy of land supply aiming to stimulate the economy should strike a balance between the possible wealth and price effects of the housing market.
Contemporary Banking Theory

We review the contemporary theory of financial intermediation. The focus is on the contribution in the past 15 years or so that have advanced our understanding of why financial intermediaries exist, the credit allocation decision and other services they provide in spot and forward credit markets, the contractual nature and allocational consequences of the claims they issue, and the optimal design of bank regulation.
Bid-Ask Spread And Ownership Structure

In this paper we examine the relation between bid-ask spread and ownership structure variables based on 1985 data for 1,063 NYSE firms. We document a nonpositive relation between bid-ask spread and insider ownership and conclude that spread is unrelated to insider trading. We also find a robust significantly negative relation between spread and institutional ownership. Finally, we find a positive but generally insignificant relation between spread and blockholdings. Overall, our evidence does not support the predictions of asymmetric information models in markets with anonymous trading.
Home Fortification in Emergency Response and Transition Programming: Experiences in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia

Background Improving the nutritional status of an emergency-affected population is essential, because undernutrition increases infection risk and is linked to more than 50% of childhood deaths in developing coun- tries. Emergency food aid addresses nutritional needs, including micronutrient deficiencies, but is provided only for a limited time and uses few items, so the needs of specific target groups are often not fully met. Objective To describe the post-tsunami experience with distribution of Vitalita Sprinkles in Aceh and Nias and to analyze the monitoring data gathered for the emergency response. Methods International agencies such as Helen Keller International and partners provided micronutrients in response to the tsunami emergency in Aceh and Nias and to analyze the monitoring data gathered for the emergency response. Results In March and April 2006, the percentage of children aged 6 months to 59 months who had consumed Vitalita in the previous month was more than 70% in 5 of 11 districts evaluated, 40% to 70% in another five districts, and 32% in one district. An independent survey found 25% less anemia among recipients. Almost all mothers interviewed during March to April 2006 (96.3%) had heard about Vitalita and recognized its packaging, 69% said that Vitalita contained vitamins for under-fives, 86% knew the appropriate target group for Vitalita, and 83% said it had to be mixed with solid food. Of the 26% that reported not having given Vitalita to their child in the last month, 90.5% said that their child did not like it. Conclusions and lessons learned Because the prod- uct, including its concept, was new, appropriate infor- mation and training was required as well as a thorough introduction to the beneficiaries, particularly on proper use, to ensure acceptance. This experience demonstrates that providing micronutrients as part of emergency relief and transition programming, as recently recommended by the World Health Organization/UNICEF/World Food Program, is feasible.
The Yield Curve as a Predictor of Growth and Recession in Australia

This paper estimates the slope of the yield curve using quarterly data on real GDP and the nominal spread proxied by the difference in returns from the 10 year bond rate and the 90 day bill rate. The time-series analysis after proper unit root tests using stationary variables revealed that the yield curve gives the best forecasts on real activity over a forecast horizon of one year (4 quarters ahead). Non-nested tests of rival models of alternative financial indicators demonstrated that the yield curve outperforms other financial indicators as a robust predictor of future real activity. The probit model forecasts of recessions indicated that the inverted slope of the yield curve for 4-quarter horizon gave the best recession prediction for Australia. The probit model predictions also gave probability estimates for the occurrence of recessions for different nominal spreads or slopes of the yield curve. The probit model predictions of recessions improved dramatically when a dynamic lag structure was incorporated. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the yield curve outperforms other financial indicators as a predictor of recessions in Australia. It is a simple and operational tool that can be validated using up-to-date data.
Senior management commitment to disability ‐ The influence of legal compulsion and best practice

Over the past two decades, two distinct types of action have been taken to address discrimination in the labour market against people with disabilities. First, the introduction of legislation and, second, the launch of “best practice” initiatives. Analyses company annual reports to test whether these two types of action have acted to increase senior management commitment to tackling the disadvantaged position of disabled workers. Presents findings that cast doubt on the extent to which either of the approaches have served to increase such commitment. Identifies a number of legislative reforms, encompassing the introduction of requirements on the external auditing of disability practices, access to occupational health services and the use of contract compliance, that could be utilised to raise the priority accorded to disability issues by senior managers.
Changes in Population HIV RNA Levels in Mbarara, Uganda, During Scale-up of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Access

Objective:In a rural Ugandan community scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART), we sought to determine if population-based HIV RNA levels [population viral load (VL)] decreased from 2011 to 2012. Design:Serial cross-sectional analyses (May 2011 and May 2012) of a defined study community of 6300 persons in a district with HIV prevalence of 8%. Methods:We measured HIV-1 RNA (VL) levels on all individuals testing positive for HIV during a 5-day high-throughput multidisease community health campaign in May 2012 that recruited two-thirds of the population. We aggregated individual-level VL results into population VL metrics including the proportion of individuals with an undetectable VL and compared these VL metrics to those we previously reported for this geographic region in 2011. Results:In 2012, 223 of 2179 adults were HIV-seropositive adults (10%). Overall, among 208 of 223 HIV-seropositive adults in whom VL was tested, 53% had an undetectable VL [95% confidence interval (CI): 46 to 60], up from 37% (95% CI: 30 to 45; P = 0.02) in 2011. Seven (3%) individuals had a VL of >100,000 copies/mL in 2012, down from 21 (13%) in 2011 (P = 0.0007). Mean log (VL) (geometric mean) was 3.18 log (95% CI: 3.06 to 3.29 log) in 2012, down from 3.62 log (95% CI: 3.46 to 3.78 log) in 2011 (P < 0.0001). Similar reductions in population VL were seen among men and women. Conclusions:Reductions in population VL metrics and a substantial increase in the proportion of persons with an undetectable VL were observed in a rural Ugandan community from 2011 to 2012. These findings from a resource-limited setting experiencing rapid ART scale-up may reflect a population-level effectiveness of expanding ART access.
An Analysis of Teacher Distribution across Districts and Schools in the Detroit Metropolitan Area.

AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER DISTRIBUTION ACROSS DISTRICTS AND SCHOOLS IN THE DETROIT METROPOLITAN AREA by CHRISTINA SUSANNE KRISPIEN December 2010 Advisor: Dr. Michael Addonizio Major: Education (Administration) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The demand that today’s schools shall produce better educational outcomes of their pupils is stronger than ever before, especially in front of the background of our globalized, competitive world. Past and current research has supported the hypothesis that the teacher is the most important ingredient in the educational process. As the Detroit Metropolitan area, consisting of the three counties of Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne, provides a diversified picture of academic achievement and community background and a number of charter schools (public school academies), research regarding the distribution of teachers with certain desirable attributes across a student population distinguished by achievement, socioeconomic background, and community variables, was conducted. The findings are not surprising, as the multiple statistic evaluations indicated an uneven distribution of more qualified teachers, favoring pupils in more affluent community settings and higher achieving pupils.
Diagnostic Strategy for Identifying Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Based on Four Patterns of Virulence Genes

ABSTRACT In order to improve the identification of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, an extensive characterization of 1,491 E. coli isolates was conducted, based on serotyping, virulence genotyping, and experimental pathogenicity for chickens. The isolates originated from lesions of avian colibacillosis (n = 1,307) or from the intestines of healthy animals (n = 184) from France, Spain, and Belgium. A subset (460 isolates) of this collection was defined according to their virulence for chicks. Six serogroups (O1, O2, O5, O8, O18, and O78) accounted for 56.5% of the APEC isolates and 22.5% of the nonpathogenic isolates. Thirteen virulence genes were more frequently present in APEC isolates than in nonpathogenic isolates but, individually, none of them could allow the identification of an isolate as an APEC strain. In order to take into account the diversity of APEC strains, a statistical analysis based on a tree-modeling method was therefore conducted on the sample of 460 pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. This resulted in the identification of four different associations of virulence genes that enables the identification of 70.2% of the pathogenic strains. Pathogenic strains were identified with an error margin of 4.3%. The reliability of the link between these four virulence patterns and pathogenicity for chickens was validated on a sample of 395 E. coli isolates from the collection. The genotyping method described here allowed the identification of more APEC isolates with greater reliability than the classical serotyping methods currently used in veterinary laboratories.
The microfoundations project in general equilibrium theory

The author (1) argues that the long-lived microfoundations project based on general equilibrium models has come to an end, and (2) shows that non-Walrasian models intended to provide microfoundations for macroeconomics are inadequate. The arguments are derived from the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu (SMD) demonstration of the arbitrariness of aggregate excess demands in general equilibrium models of the Walrasian Arrow-Debreu-McKenzie type. The issues raised have significance for the proper method of modeling macroeconomic phenomena. For instance, the SMD results have led a growing number of general equilibrium theorists to make assumptions concerning macroeconomic structure in order to analyze other regularities at the macro level. These points validate the position that systematic macroeconomic phenomena are intrinsically macroeconomic. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press.
Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Ventral Anterior Insula in Asthmatic Patients with Depression

Objective To explore the underlying mechanism of depression in asthmatic patients, the ReHo in the insula and its FC was used to probe the differences between depressed asthmatic (DA) and nondepressed asthmatic (NDA) patients. Methods 18 DA patients, 24 NDA patients, and 60 healthy controls (HCs) received resting-state fMRI scan, severity of depression, and asthma control assessment. Results DA patients showed increased FC between the left ventral anterior insula (vAI) and the left middle temporal gyrus compared with both NDA and HC groups. In addition, compared with HCs, the DA and NDA patients both exhibited increased FC between the left vAI and the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), decreased FC between the left vAI and the bilateral parietal lobe, and increased FC between the right vAI and the left putamen and the right caudate, respectively. Furthermore, the increased FC between the left vAI and the right ACC could differentiate HCs from both DA and NDA patients, and the increased FC between the right vAI and both the left putamen and the right caudate could separate NDA patients from HCs. Conclusions This study confirmed that abnormal vAI FC may be involved in the neuropathology of depression in asthma. The increased FC between the left vAI and the left MTG could distinguish DA from the NDA and HC groups.
Opioid receptor activity of GI 87084B, a novel ultra-short acting analgesic, in isolated tissues.

GI 87084B (3-[4-methoxycarbonyl-4-[(1-oxopropyl) phenylamino]1-piperidine]propanoic acid, methyl ester, hydrochloride) was found to be a potent opioid agonist in the guinea pig ileum (EC50 = 2.4 +/- 0.6 nM), the rat vas deferens (EC50 = 387 +/- 44 nM) and the mouse vas deferens (EC50 = 39.5 +/- 7.4 nM). In the guinea pig ileum, GI 87084B, was roughly equivalent in potency to fentanyl (EC50 = 1.8 +/- 0.4 nM). GI 87084B was more potent in this tissue than alfentanil (EC50 = 20.1 +/- 1.2 nM) and less potent than sufentanil (EC50 = 0.3 +/- 0.09 nM). Schild analyses of antagonism of GI 87084B by naloxone yielded pKB values of 8.2 and slopes indistinguishable from unity in the guinea pig ileum and the mouse vas deferens. Insurmountable antagonism of GI 87084B by naloxone was observed in the rat vas deferens. However, an empirical measure of antagonist potency could be made: apparent pA2 = 8.1. The agonist dissociation constant (KA) for GI 87084B (220 +/- 90 nM) was determined by receptor alkylation with beta-chlornaltrexamine in the guinea pig ileum. Calculation of receptor occupancy suggested poor receptor-effector coupling and limited receptor reserve in the rat vas deferens, which could explain the insurmountable antagonism seen with higher concentrations of naloxone. These data suggest that GI 87084B acted through the mu class of opioid receptors to inhibit contraction induced by field stimulation in these tissues. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence of High Concentrations of Melatonin in Lateral Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid of Sheep

In this study we examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for regional differences in the concentration of melatonin. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected at hourly intervals from either the lateral ventricle or the cisterna magna of nine Merino ewes and were compared against jugular plasma. The study revealed that the CSF of the cisterna magna and the lateral ventricle had temporal patterns of melatonin that were similar to those found in jugular plasma. However, the concentrations of melatonin within the CSF obtained from the lateral ventricle were one order of magnitude higher than those of the jugular plasma, as verified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometery, while the melatonin concentrations within the CSF obtained from the cisterna magna were comparable to those of the jugular plasma. The data from this study suggest that there may be regional differences in the concentration of melatonin within the CSF and indicate that this medium is an important route of transport for melatonin from the pineal gland to putative target tissues.
Intellectual and Emotional Functioning in College Students following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood and Adolescence

Objective: To investigate whether college students with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood or adolescence show residual deficits in intellectual functioning, approaches to studying, or emotional stability. Design: Participants with a history of mild TBI and two control groups. Setting: Volunteers were recruited from students taking an introductory psychology course. Participants: 79 students with a history of mild TBI, 75 students with a history of general anesthesia, and 93 students with no history of either TBI or general anesthesia. Main Outcome Measures: Participants carried out tests of verbal memory, nonverbal memory, verbal fluency, and nonverbal fluency; in addition, they completed a short form of the Approaches to Studying Inventory and the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: In comparison with the two control groups, the students with a history of mild TBI produced similar scores on the cognitive tests and similar orientations to studying. However, they showed a significantly higher level of emotional distress on the SCL-90-R. Conclusion: College students with a history of mild TBI in childhood or adolescence are intellectually unimpaired and approach their studying in a similar manner to their uninjured classmates. Nevertheless, they report more severe distress in terms of their general personal and emotional functioning.
Saturation Mutagenesis of Human Interleukin-3 (*)

A deletion variant of human interleukin-3, hIL-3, was produced in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli and had full activity in an AML193.1. 3 cell proliferation assay. Libraries of random single-amino acid substitutions were constructed at each of 105 positions in the gene for hIL-3. Approximately eight single-site substitutions at each position were produced in osmotic shock fractions and screened for activity. 15 mutants were found with bioactivity of 5-26-fold greater than that of native hIL-3. The majority of amino acids in hIL-3 could be substituted without substantial loss of activity. Substitution of residues predicted to be in the hydrophobic core of the protein often resulted in reduced activity and/or low accumulation levels. Only five residues predicted to be on the surface of the protein were intolerant of substitution and hence are candidates for sites of interaction with the receptor. We therefore propose that the majority of residues in hIL-3 serve a structural role and permit the display of a few key residues in the correct configuration for recognition by the receptor.
Are the Nordic Stock Markets Mean Reverting

In this paper we test for mean reversion in the Nordic stock markets using monthly nominal data 1947-1998. By simply account for the heteroscedasticity of the data with a regime-switching model of normal distributions and taking estimation bias into account via a Bayesian approach we can find no support of mean reversion. This is a contradiction to some previous result from Denmark and Sweden. Our findings suggest that mixtures of two regimes can characterize the each stock market and within the regimes the stock market is random. This finding of randomness is in line with recent evidence in literature.