Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN STUDENTS’ WRITING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE TEXTS’ WRITTEN CHARACTERISTICS

This thesis reports the study on the use of grammatical metaphor in research articles and how the use of the metaphor contributes to the written language characteristics of the texts. The study was motivated by the distinction of written language from its spoken version (Halliday, 1985) as apparent in academic writing (e.g. Schleppegrell, 2005). Grammatical Metaphor, a linguistic phenomenon involving incongruent realization of grammatical structure (Halliday, 1985), provides rich resources for creating written language characteristics. There has been a growing interest in studies investigating the contribution of grammatical metaphor to the written characteristics of texts in academic writing (e.g. Christie and Derewianka, 2008; Ravelli, 2005; Schleppegrell, 2005; Thompson, 2010). Regardless its importance however, there has not been much research investigating grammatical metaphor in Indonesian EFL setting.The data for the study were nine research articles of three postgraduate students. Drawing on the notions of grammatical ideational metaphor developed by Halliday (1998), interpersonal metaphor by Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), and textual metaphor by Martin (1992), this study found that: 1) all types of grammatical metaphor are present in the research articles with variation in quantity and degree of success; 2) nominalization is the dominant type of grammatical metaphor found in the research articles; 3) grammatical metaphor contributes to the texts’ written characteristics through: a) lexical density; b) abstraction; c) technicality; d) implicit logical connection and e) impersonal construction. It was also found that the participants’ less successful deployment of one type of grammatical metaphor, textual metaphor, reduces another text’s written characteristics regarding clear text structuring.Based on these findings, it is expected that the concern of grammatical metaphor receive more emphasis in the curriculum of English learning especially in that of higher education. Since exposure to grammatical metaphor will help students to understand advanced literacy which is heavily constructed with rich grammatical metaphor, the incorporation of grammatical metaphor into the curriculum will also help them to produce sophisticated piece of writing highly valued in academic writing.
Gender Differences in the Perceived Effectiveness of Narcissistic Leaders

Researchers have obtained inconsistent results on the relationship between leader narcissism and leader effectiveness evaluations. Here we draw on social role theory and recent findings on prescriptive gender stereotypes to propose that leader's and follower's gender influence the degree to which narcissistic leaders are perceived as effective. Narcissistic female leaders lack stereotypically gender appropriate qualities (e.g. kindness) and demonstrate undesirable qualities associated with the other gender (e.g. arrogance). This combination is potentially threatening to the traditionally higher status of males, thus resulting in poor leader effectiveness ratings, especially by male subordinates. Conversely, we expect narcissism to be tolerated in male leaders. We find support for this idea in a study on 145 leader subordinate dyads. Female narcissistic leaders were seen as less effective than male narcissistic leaders. However, looking more closely, these lower ratings were only found when male subordinates served as raters. Specifically, male subordinates rated female narcissistic leaders lower while their effectiveness ratings of male leaders were not affected by narcissism. Female subordinates showed no gender bias in their effectiveness evaluations of narcissistic leaders. Thus, gender differences may be an important source of inconsistencies in evaluations of narcissistic leaders.
Analyzing the Effect of Distance from Skin to Stone by Computed Tomography Scan on the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Stone-Free Rate of Renal Stones

Purpose To determine whether the distance from skin to stone, as measured by computed tomography (CT) scans, could affect the stone-free rate achieved via extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in renal stone patients. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records 573 patients who had undergone ESWL at our institution between January 2006 and January 2010 for urinary stones sized from about 5 mm to 20 mm and who had no evidence of stone movement. We excluded patients with ureteral catheters and percutaneous nephrostomy patients; ultimately, only 43 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We classified the success group as those patients whose stones had disappeared on a CT scan or simple X-ray within 6 weeks after ESWL and the failure group as those patients in whom residual stone fragments remained on a CT scan or simple X-ray after 6 weeks. We analyzed the differences between the two groups in age, sex, size of stone, skin-to-stone distance (SSD), stone location, density (Hounsfield unit: HU), voltage (kV), and the number of shocks delivered. Results The success group included 33 patients and the failure group included 10. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, age, sex, size of stone, stone location, HU, kV and the number of shocks delivered did not differ significantly between the two groups. Only SSD was a factor influencing success: the success group clearly had a shorter SSD (78.25±12.15 mm) than did the failure group (92.03±14.51 mm). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed SSD to be the only significant independent predictor of the ESWL stone-free rate. Conclusions SSD can be readily measured by CT scan; the ESWL stone-free rate was inversely proportional to SSD in renal stone patients. SSD may therefore be a useful clinical predictive factor of the success of ESWL on renal stones.
Unsupervised Synthesis of Multilingual Wikipedia Articles

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised approach to automatically synthesize Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. Taking an existing high-quality version of any entry as content guideline, we extract keywords from it and use the translated keywords to query the monolingual web of the target language. Candidate excerpts or sentences are selected based on an iterative ranking function and eventually synthesized into a complete article that resembles the reference version closely. 16 English and Chinese articles across 5 domains are evaluated to show that our algorithm is domain-independent. Both subjective evaluations by native Chinese readers and ROUGE-L scores computed with respect to standard reference articles demonstrate that synthesized articles outperform existing Chinese versions or MT texts in both content richness and readability. In practice our method can generate prototype texts for Wikipedia that facilitate later human authoring.
Towards Comprehensive Job Stress Models of Reservists

Integrating findings from the general stress literature into occupational stress research the present dissertation aimed at developing comprehensive job stress models that include additionally valuable antecedents and moderators on the link between workplace stress and psychological health problems. Therefore, this work made use of McEwen’s (1998) Allostatic Load Model to analyze the influence of chronic as well as acute stressors on the employees’ (i.e., Reservists) long-term psychological health outcomes (Study 1). Additionally, within the same theoretical framework, Study 2 analyzed the effectiveness of individual characteristics in moderating the negative stressor impact on psychological health, considering the controllability of the stressors. Finally, using Siegrist’s (1996) Effort Reward Imbalance Model, Study 3 analyzed the potential of individual characteristics as well as organizational resources to alter the work stress impact. The study sample consisted of 654 U.S. Reservists who were sent on a one year deployment to Europe. Survey data from pre- and postdeployment indicated some support for the postulated job stress models’ extensions. First, considering both chronic and acute stressors was valuable as chronic stressors reduced the adaptation to acute job demands in terms of increasing psychological health problems at post-deployment (beta
Tonsil volume, tonsil grade and obstructive sleep apnea: is there any meaningful correlation?

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the correlation between oropharyngeal examination and objective palatine tonsil volume in snoring adults and verify the influence of the oropharyngeal anatomy, body mass index, age, and severity of obstructive sleep apnea on actual tonsil volume. In addition, we aimed to assess the influence of tonsil size on obstructive sleep apnea in adults. INTRODUCTION: Pharyngeal wall geometry is often altered in adults who have obstructive sleep apnea, and this might influence the findings of the oropharyngeal examination that, in turn, are the key factors when considering surgical management for this condition. Furthermore, the correlation between the actual tonsil volume and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in adults is currently unknown. METHODS: We prospectively studied 130 patients with obstructive sleep apnea or primary snoring who underwent pharyngeal surgery with intraoperative measurement of tonsil volume. We compared tonsil volume with preoperative polysomnography, oropharyngeal examination, and anthropometric data. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between actual tonsil volume and subjective tonsil grade. We also found a significant correlation between tonsil volume and the apnea-hypopnea index. Using a multivariate linear regression model, tonsil volume was found to be significantly correlated with age, body mass index, and oropharyngeal examination, but not with polysomnography. Clinically, only the rare tonsil grade IV was indicative of more severe obstructive sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong correlation between clinical tonsil grade and objective tonsil volume in snoring adults, and this correlation exists regardless of the presence or severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Pharyngeal tissue volume likely reflects the body mass index rather than obstructive sleep apnea severity.
Person marking in the wake of /s/ deletion in Andalusian Spanish

ABSTRACT Data on person marking in Andalusian Spanish argue in favor of a revision of the functional hypothesis, which pertains to “the tendency for semantically relevant information to be retained in surface structure” (Kiparsky, 1982:87). The first part of this study shows that subject pronouns in Andalusian are not used to disambiguate verb forms, in direct contrast to Hochberg's (1986) findings on subject pronoun usage in Puerto Rican. In the second part of the study, an analysis of contextual person markers, not undertaken in previous studies, shows that person can be indicated by means outside the surface structure. When both linguistic and contextual person markers are taken into account, only 2% of the 1,035 verbs in this sample of Andalusian are unmarked for person. Person marking is thus maintained where it is important to the speaker's message, but it is not limited to surface structure realization as the strong form of the functional hypothesis suggests.
Amantadine for Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Dyskinesias are some of the major motor complications that impair quality of life for patients with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of amantadine in Parkinson's disease patients suffering from dyskinesias. Methods In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, 36 patients with Parkinson's disease and dyskinesias were randomized, and 62 interventions, which included amantadine (300 mg /day) or placebo treatment for 27 days, were analyzed. At 15 days after washout, the treatments were crossed over. The primary outcome measure was the changes in the Rush Dyskinesia Rating Scale (RDRS) during each treatment period. The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part IVa (UPDRS-IVa, dyskinesias), part IVb (motor fluctuations), and part III (motor function). Results RDRS improved in 64% and 16% of patients treated with amantadine or placebo, respectively, with significant differences between treatments. The adjusted odds-ratio for improvement by amantadine was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 31.5). UPDRS-IVa was improved to a significantly greater degree in amantadine-treated patients [mean (SD) of 1.83 (1.56)] compared with placebo-treated patients [0.03 (1.51)]. However, there were no significant effects on UPDRS-IVb or III scores. Conclusions Results from the present study demonstrated that amantadine exhibited efficacious effects against dyskinesias in 60–70% of patients. Trial Registration UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000000780
Body Composition in Preterm Infants Who Are Fed Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and body composition of premature infants who were fed formulas with arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) to 1 y of gestation-corrected age (CA). Preterm infants (750–1800 g birth weight and <33 wk gestational age) were assigned within 72 h of first enteral feeding to one of three formulas: control (n = 22), DHA+ARA from fish/fungal oil [DHA+ARA(FF); n = 20], or DHA+ARA from egg/fish oil [DHA+ARA(EF); n = 18]. Human milk feeding was allowed on the basis of the mother's choice. Infants were fed breast milk and/or preterm formulas with or without 0.26% DHA and 0.42% ARA to term CA followed by breast milk or postdischarge preterm formulas with or without 0.16% DHA and 0.42% ARA to 12 mo CA. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. There were no significant differences among the three study groups at any time point in weight, length, or head circumference. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density did not differ among groups. At 12 mo CA, infants who were fed DHA+ARA-supplemented formulas had significantly greater lean body mass (p < 0.05) and significantly less fat mass (p < 0.05) than infants who were fed the unsupplemented control formula. The DHA+ARA-supplemented formulas supported normal growth and bone mineralization in premature infants who were born at <33 wk gestation. Preterm formulas that had DHA+ARA at the levels and ratios in this study and were fed to 1 y CA led to increased lean body mass and reduced fat mass by 1 y of age.
The Linnaean Hierarchy and the Evolutionization of Taxonomy, with Emphasis on the Problem of Nomenclature

During the post-Darwinian history of taxonomy, the Linnaean hierarchy has maintained its role as a means for representing hierarchical taxonomic relationships. During the same period, the principle of descent has taken on an increasingly important role as the basis for reformulated versions of fundamental taxonomic concepts and principles. Early in this history, the principle of descent provided an explanation for the existence of taxa and implied a nested, hierarchical structure for taxonomic relationships. Although an evolutionary explanation for taxa contradicted the Aristotelian context within which the Linnaean hierarchy was developed, the nested, hierarchical structure of taxonomic rela· tionships implied by evolution was compatible with the practical use of the Linnaean hierarchy for conveying hierarchical relationships and seems to have reinforced this practice. Later changes associated with the development of taxon concepts based on the principle of descent led to changes in the interpretation of the Linnaean categories as well as certain modifications related to use of the Linnaean hierarchy in representing phylogenetic relationships. Although some authors questioned use of the Linnaean hierarchy in phylogenetic taxonomies, most continued to use it in one form ot artother. More recently, taxonomists have considered the relevance of the principle of descent to nomenclature. They have found fundamental inconsistencies between concepts of taxa based on that principle and methods currently used to define taxon names, which are based on the Linnaean hierarchy. Although these inconsistencies can be corrected without totally eliminating the Linnaean hierarchy, the necessary changes would greatly reduce the importance of that hierarchy, particularly in the area of nomenclature. Moreover, the earlier development of taxon concepts based on the principle of descent effectively proposed taxonomic categories of greater theoretical significance than those of the Linnaean hierarchy. The historical trend of granting increasing importance to the principle of descent has reduced the significance of the Linnaean hierarchy to the point where it may no longer be worth retaining.
Patients' versus physicians' roles in detecting recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma.

8041 Background: The optimal post-treatment surveillance of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in first complete remission (CR) is unknown. Guidelines are based on consensus rather than high-quality evidence. Recurrences may be detected as a result of the investigation of symptoms or by routine screening of asymptomatic patients. It is unknown if routine screening leads to earlier relapse detection or translates into better outcomes. Screening CT, PET and other scans in particular are associated with possible toxicity and cost, with no proven benefit. Moreover, the negative psychological impact of routine scanning of asymptomatic patients has been documented. METHODS Using the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) Lymphoid Cancer Database with more than 2500 patients diagnosed since 1981, we identified 258 patients with relapse after first CR. We reviewed their charts to determine whether the recurrence was detected as a result of new patient symptoms (PT group) or through routine physical exams or tests ordered by the physician in the absence of symptoms (MD group). The information was missing or ambiguous for 10 patients who were excluded. RESULTS Of the 248 recurrences, 176 (71%) were in the PT group. The median time to diagnosis of recurrence was similar in both groups (PT group=1.6 y; MD group=2 y; logrank p = 0.88). The post-relapse progression free survival (PFS) did not differ significantly between the groups (logrank p=0.28), nor did the post-relapse overall survival (OS) (PT group, median = 17.7 y; MD group=20.8 y; logrank p=0.22). Adjustment for age, sex and initial stage using a Cox proportional hazards model did not change these conclusions for time to diagnosis of recurrence (p=0.85), post-relapse PFS (p=0.77) or OS (p=0.32). CONCLUSIONS Patients are much more likely to detect recurrence than their physicians employing routine follow-up testing. There is no difference in PFS or OS between patients whose recurrence is diagnosed at the time of symptoms and those whose recurrence is diagnosed through routine screening. Our findings suggest there is no demonstrable benefit in early detection of HL recurrence based on screening tests and thus do not support the routine use of these potentially anxiety-provoking tests.
Molecular Profiling Reveals Prognostically Significant Subtypes of Canine Lymphoma

We performed genomewide gene expression analysis of 35 samples representing 6 common histologic subtypes of canine lymphoma and bioinformatics analyses to define their molecular characteristics. Three major groups were defined on the basis of gene expression profiles: (1) low-grade T-cell lymphoma, composed entirely by T-zone lymphoma; (2) high-grade T-cell lymphoma, consisting of lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified; and (3) B-cell lymphoma, consisting of marginal B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Interspecies comparative analyses of gene expression profiles also showed that marginal B-cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in dogs and humans might represent a continuum of disease with similar drivers. The classification of these diverse tumors into 3 subgroups was prognostically significant, as the groups were directly correlated with event-free survival. Finally, we developed a benchtop diagnostic test based on expression of 4 genes that can robustly classify canine lymphomas into one of these 3 subgroups, enabling a direct clinical application for our results.
Stress Detection and Classification of Laying Hens by Sound Analysis

Stress adversely affects the wellbeing of commercial chickens, and comes with an economic cost to the industry that cannot be ignored. In this paper, we first develop an inexpensive and non-invasive, automatic online-monitoring prototype that uses sound data to notify producers of a stressful situation in a commercial poultry facility. The proposed system is structured hierarchically with three binary-classifier support vector machines. First, it selects an optimal acoustic feature subset from the sound emitted by the laying hens. The detection and classification module detects the stress from changes in the sound and classifies it into subsidiary sound types, such as physical stress from changes in temperature, and mental stress from fear. Finally, an experimental evaluation was performed using real sound data from an audio-surveillance system. The accuracy in detecting stress approached 96.2%, and the classification model was validated, confirming that the average classification accuracy was 96.7%, and that its recall and precision measures were satisfactory.