Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Converging human resource management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to participate in the convergence‐divergence debate related to the trends in European human resource management (HRM). The paper evaluates the converging vs diverging implications in Estonia and Finland by comparing HR strategies, policies and practices between the two countries in the context of HRM in the Nordic and EU‐15 countries.Design/methodology/approach – The research is part of a large international comparative HRM project (CRANET), which covers over 30 countries. Empirical data were collected by a survey questionnaire mailed to large private and public organisations employing over 200 employees. The Estonian survey data involve 69 organisations and the Finnish data 269. The data cover private companies and public sector organisations.Findings – The comparison of HRM in Estonia and Finland revealed a few interesting empirical observations: First, in spite of Estonia's short history as an independent Baltic state, HRM has stabilised its position at both strat.
Assembling Work: Remaking Factory Regimes in Japanese Multinationals in Britain

Japanese manufacturing firms established in Britain have often been portrayed as carriers of Japanese corporate best practice for work and employment. In this book, the authors challenge these views through case study research, undertaken at several Japanese manufacturing plants in Britain during the 1990s. The authors argue that in actual fact production and employment regimes are adapted and 're-made' in a number of ways, responding to specific corporate and local contexts. In particular, they focus upon the ways in which Japanese and British managers have sought to construct distinctive work regimes in the light of their particular branch plant mandates and competencies, the evolving character of management-worker relations within factories and the varied product and labour market conditions they face. The book highlights the constraints as well as the opportunities facing managers of these greenfield workplaces, and the uncertainties that continued to characterize the development of management strategies. Ultimately the authors show how arguments about the role of overseas branch plants in the dissemination of management practices must take more careful account of the varied ways in which such factories are implicated in wider corporate strategies. The operations of international firms are embedded within intractable features of capitalist employment relations, especially as they are 're-made' in specific local and national settings. This book is an important intervention in contemporary debate about international firms and globalization, and will be of interest to teachers, researchers, and advanced students of this subject from disciplines including Business Studies, Organization Studies, Industrial Relations, Sociology, Political Economy, and Economic and Social Geography.
A Network Perspective on State-Society Synergy to Increase Community-Level Social Capital

“Can state–society synergy be created in the short run, or does it require historically deep institutional and normative foundations? ” In other words, what role can an outside party—such as a government or state actor—play in constructing social capital when it is not a permanent fixture of the existing interrelationships within a community? Taking a network perspective, this exploratory research examines community-level social capital outcomes of a government-led intervention. Operationalized as social networks, social capital is measured as an increase to the strength of weak ties and reduction in redundancy among exchange relationships. Findings suggest that state–society synergy has the potential to increase bridging social capital in communities. In addition, communities with higher levels of cohesion and connectivity pre-intervention results in greater increases to social capital, and although trust plays a crucial role in development of social capital, the influence organizations are perceived to have does not.
The conditionality of the substitution thesis on type of urban economy

Studies on the substitution thesis in advanced economies show scattered results: the impact of immigration on the wages and unemployment of lower-educated natives and immigrants varies strongly. In both studies on the substitution thesis itself, as well as studies on the unequal development of urban economies in post-industrialism, there are suggestions that this is because the substitution thesis is conditional on the type of urban economy. More specific, they indicate there is reason to expect that a strong service-centered urban economy yields more labour demand for the lower educated, which consequently mitigates the substitution between immigrants and natives or earlier waves of immigrants. The empirical validity of this expectation is tested by comparing the impact of immigration on the employment level of lower-educated urbanites between 22 Dutch metropolitan areas. The findings corroborate the central hypothesis: immigration leads to higher unemployment levels, but this impact is weaker in the most service-centered urban economies.
A tobacco cessation treatment model using telehealth: a pilot evaluation in Veterans

Tobacco use remains a major health concern for US military Veterans. Of the Veterans enrolled for care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 3.1 million (36%) live in rural areas. The availability of tobacco cessation services for Veterans varies from facility to facility, with a notable lack of access to care for rural Veterans. The VHA introduced Care Coordination/Home Telehealth (CCHT) to coordinate the care of Veteran patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes. CCHT employs a home messaging device that can monitor patient symptoms and vital signs remotely and connect them with providers at a hospital. Evidence-based practices for tobacco cessation treatment include treatment delivered in face-to-face, telephone and group formats. Previous use of telehealth for tobacco cessation in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) focused on motivational interviewing and did not incorporate other treatment components such as pharmacotherapy and behavioural counselling. We have developed a tobacco cessation disease management protocol (DMP) suitable for home telehealth and have used it in a pilot trial.
Decomposing and Testing Long-term Returns: an Application on Danish IPOs

An improved method for measuring and testing long‐run returns is proposed. The method adjusts for the right‐skewed distribution of long‐run buy‐and‐hold by decomposing average cross‐sectional buy‐and‐hold returns into mean components and volatility components. The method is applied to initial public offerings in Denmark. The mean‐component under performance of initial public offering stocks compared to the market is 30% and significant after 5 years. Compared to matching firms the under performance of IPO stocks is 13% after 5 years but insignificant.
Risk and time preferences: saver types

In an extended variant of the life-cycle hypothesis, saving behaviour is shown to depend crucially on the interaction between two preference parameters : γ, which represents risk attitudes (aversion, prudence.), and δ, the rate of time depreciation. Hence, the predictions of four specific accumulation regimes : the Armchair investors (high γ, low δ) ; the Entreprising (low γ, low δ) ; the Hotheads (low γ, high δ) ; and the Short-sighted prudent (high γ, high δ). The Insee "Patrimoine 1997" survey allows to obtain global relative measures of the two preference parameters. An econometric analysis of the amount and composition of wealth shows then that this savers' typology has sizeable explanatory power, with effects as predicted. Ceteris paribus, "armchair investors" accumulate more wealth than other households. Hotheads own less homes and Pep (insurance saving products), short-sighted prudent less (often) stocks, and these two types of savers invest less in long-term saving (whether for housing or retirement) than the other categories.
A Choice Model with Systematic Structures in Decision Weights

This article introduces a discrete choice model which incorporates a nonlinear structural adjustment to the standard utility coefficients or decision weights. The proposed model is theoretically and empirically appealing when compared to several alternative approaches, and it can be estimated by conventional maximum likelihood. Application of the proposed model in a case study shows that it outperforms two competing approaches in model fit. Given its simplicity, this model is also capable of revealing consumers' heterogeneous choices. It is shown that based on consumers' different characteristics, their product choice and its welfare implications are also potentially different.
The Influence of Antitakeover Statutes on Incorporation Choice: Evidence on the "Race" Debate and Antitakeover Overreaching

Commentators have long debated whether competition among states for corporate charters represents a race to the top or a race to the bottom. Race-tothe-top advocates recently have gained ground in this debate on the basis of the general corporate migration to Delaware in the 1990s and empirical evidence suggesting that Delaware incorporation increases shareholder wealth. This Article uses second-generation state antitakeover statutes to shed additional light
β and γ Frequency Synchronization by Dendritic GABAergic Synapses and Gap Junctions in a Network of Cortical Interneurons

Distinct interneuron populations innervate perisomatic and dendritic regions of cortical cells. Perisomatically terminating GABAergic inputs are effective in timing postsynaptic action potentials, and basket cells synchronize each other via gap junctions combined with neighboring GABAergic synapses. The function of dendritic GABAergic synapses in cortical rhythmicity, and their interaction with electrical synapses is not understood. Using multiple whole-cell recordings in layers 2–3 of rat somatosensory cortex combined with light and electron microscopic determination of sites of interaction, we studied the interactions between regular spiking nonpyramidal cells (RSNPCs). Random samples of unlabeled postsynaptic targets showed that RSNPCs placed GABAergic synapses onto dendritic spines (53 ± 12%) and shafts (45 ± 10%) and occasionally somata (2 ± 4%). GABAergic interactions between RSNPCs were mediated by 4 ± 2 axodendritic synapses and phased postsynaptic activity at β frequency but were ineffective in phasing at γ rhythm. Electrical interactions of RSNPCs were transmitted via two to eight gap junctions between dendritic shafts and/or spines. Elicited at β and γ frequencies, gap junctional potentials timed postsynaptic spikes with a phase lag, however strong electrical coupling could synchronize presynaptic and postsynaptic activity. Combined unitary GABAergic and gap junctional connections of moderate strength produced β and γ frequency synchronization of the coupled RSNPCs. Our results provide evidence that dendritic GABAergic and/or gap junctional mechanisms effectively transmit suprathreshold information in a population of interneurons at behaviorally relevant frequencies. A coherent network of GABAergic cells targeting the dendrites could provide a pathway for rhythmic activity spatially segregated from perisomatic mechanisms of synchronization.
Regional Income Dynamics

Abstract This paper uses time-series techniques to explore interregional links in regional per capita income growth. The study examines annual data for the period 1929 to 1990 for the eight Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) regions. Impulse response functions and variance decompositions from an estimated structural vector autoregression reveal that important and highly persistent interregional spillovers exist. Moreover, these spillovers tend to be geographically dispersed.
Redundancy Payments and Firm-Specific Training

This paper attempts to provide an economic rationale for the existence and pattern of redundancy payments. A model of firm-specific training with uncertain returns to training and uncertainty about the outside options of workers is constructed for this purpose. The central result is that an optimal contract will involve the firm in bearing only a part of the training costs because workers may quit. Since workers bear part of the cost of training, they will have to be compensated by a redundancy payment if dismissed. Furthermore, the optimum level of this redundancy payment will vary across firms, with large payments being offered by firms where the returns to training are highly variable. These insights into the nature of redundancy payments differ from those of other models, where they are viewed either as a transfer fee or as representing the difference between inside and outside wages for contracted workers. Copyright 1989 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Multinationals, Cross-border Acquisitions and Wage Dispersion

We examine the impact of cross-border acquisitions on intra-firm wage dispersion using a detailed Swedish linked employer-employee data set including data on all firms and about 50% of the Swedish labour force with information on job-tasks and education. Foreign acquisitions of domestic multinationals and local firms increase wage dispersion but so do also other types of cross-border acquisitions. Hence, it is the acquisition itself rather than foreign ownership that increases wage dispersion. The positive wage effect is concentrated to CEOs and other managers, whereas other groups are either negatively affected or not affected at all.
Incentives, Information, and Organizational Form

February 6, 1999 We model an organization as a hierarchy of managers erected on top of a technology (here consisting of a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to take steps to reduce the adverse consequences of shocks that affect the plants beneath him. We argue that different organizational forms give rise to different information about managers' performance and therefore differ according to how effective incentives can be in encouraging a good performance. In particular, we show that, under certain assumptions, the M-form (multi-divisional form) is likely to provide better incentives than the U-form (unitary form) because it promotes yardstick competition (i.e., relative performance evaluation) more effectively. We conclude by presenting evidence that the assumptions on which this comparison rests are satisfied for Chinese data.
Comment on “The Development of a New Gravity—Opportunity Model for Trip Distribution”

The integration of the gravity and intervening-opportunities model in the recent paper by Gonçalves and Ulysséa-Neto provokes interesting questions on the role of the number of intervening opportunities on either decreasing or increasing travel. In this note I discuss such issues, as well as making comparisons with recent innovations in spatial interaction theory.
Driven to Service: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation for Public and Nonprofit Managers

This research draws upon a survey of nonprofit and state government managers to examine the role service motivation plays in both sectors. The research addresses three main research questions: 1) What are the main motivational dimensions and constructs of managers in the public and nonprofit sectors? 2) How are these different types of work motivations related to each other? and 3) What differences exist between these sectors in terms of level of intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation? Our findings suggest there are four different motivational constructs and in many ways public and nonprofit managers are similar in terms of the importance of intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivation. While the mean level of extrinsic motivation in the public sector is statistically higher than in the nonprofit sector, certain types of extrinsic motivation such as advancement motivation and WLB motivation are highly correlated with intrinsic motivation in both the public and nonprofit sectors. Finally, directions for future research and practical implications are also discussed.
Frictional Heating of Fault Surfaces Due to Seismic Slip: Experimental Studies on the Hematite to Magnetite Transition and Federal and Private Landownership's Effect on Oil and Gas Drilling and Production in the Southwestern Wyoming Checkerboard

This project serves as a literature review on the transformation and synthesis of magnetite from hematite under hydrothermal conditions as well as with Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and milling. Magnetite forms over a similar range of elevated temperatures regardless the method that is used to synthesize it, including nonheterogeneous, loosely controlled environments such as a ceramics kiln. Based on these experiments, magnetite on a fault surface created from the high temperature reduction of Fe during seismic slip may indicate the fault experienced temperatures between 300 1240°C. Duration of seismic slip is short, therefore, in order for magnetite to develop in any appreciable quantities optimal conditions for magnetite formation must be reached. Ideal conditions for magnetite formation are low fO2, high normal loads, and temperatures of at least 450 475°C in a non-equilibrium environment. A rotary shear apparatus was constructed to investigate the impact of frictional heating of hematite gouge by determining the coefficient of friction of hematite experimentally. Twelve experiments over normal loads of 15 – 70 MPa reveal that the mean experimental coefficient of friction of hematite is 0.38 ± 0.03. A detailed description of the apparatus and its operating procedure are discussed. Results of rotary shear are used to inform existing thermodynamic models and to approximate temperatures during slip of iron oxide coated faults.
Pancreatobiliary Diseases Management by Endoscopic Ultrasonography/Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Interface in Kurdistan Centre for Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Background: Pancreatobiliarydiseases (PBD) comprises diseases of both biliary system and pancreas and their diagnosis depends on appropriate clinical evaluation and investigations including imaging modalities like transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS), Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT); Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) have been found to be more sensitive than other imaging modality for detecting PBD, and less invasive than endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Aim of study: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of EUS with other imaging studies like ERCP, TAUS, CT scan, and MRCP/MRI for diagnosing PBD. Patients & Methods: This study conducted in Kurdistan Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) from December 2013 through December 2014, after approval of institutional board ethical committee and taking written informed consents from all patients. A total number of 100 patients were enrolled in the study. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of EUS, MRCP, and TAUS for PBD (benign & malignant). ERCP was used as a reference standard for comparison. Results: 60% were females and 40% were males; the main presenting symptoms were combined abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of EUS for detecting benign biliary diseases like (bile duct stone and its complications) were 96.1%, 65.2%, 86%, 83.3%, and 89%, respectively; and for detecting pancreatobiliary tumors (PBT) were 84.6%, 97.7%, 84.6%, 97.7%, and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity of TAUS, MRCP for diagnosing biliary diseases were 58%, and 60%, respectively; and their sensitivity for detecting PBT were 37.5%, and 50%, respectively. The comparison between CT scan and ERCP was not feasible statistically. Conclusion: EUS has a higher sensitivity in comparison to other imaging modalities in detecting PBD; we can depend on it in selecting patients for therapeutic ERCP, in order to avoid unnecessary ERCP and its complications. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS in KCGH is comparable to other studies elsewhere.
The role of heavyweight product manager in new product development

Purpose – This paper seeks to empirically investigate how a heavyweight product manager (HW) can impact the cross‐functional team and project performance (PP) through actively influencing the ways and the extent of strategic alignment (SA), shared project mission, and clarity of project targets in the early front‐end stage.Design/methodology/approach – Based on past studies on leadership role theory and goal‐setting theory for teams, this study hypothesizes that the role of the HW for SA of the project, shared project mission, and clarity of the project target are positively related. The study further hypothesizes that these roles of the HW can have a positive impact on PP measures such as product cost, time, and customer satisfaction.Findings – Primary data collected from 191 new product development (NPD) projects from the US automotive industry were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. All the hypotheses presented in this study regarding the role of the HW in a cross‐functional team a.
Mitigating Demographic Risk Through Social Insurance

A two-period lifetime overlapping generations growth model is used to evaluate the possibility that social insurance can effectively offset economic risks associated with uncertainty about the rate of population growth. Crude measures of the seriousness of this type of risk in the current United States situation are presented. Sufficient conditions on the structure of the economy for such intergenerational risk pooling to be mutually beneficial to all members of society are derived. Although it is logically possible to satisfy them1 we argue that they are unlikely to be realized empirically in an economy similar to that of the United States. Because of this failure, some more complex types of policy options are also discussed.
A New Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for the Fixed-Charge Transportation Problem

A new branch-and-bound procedure specialized for the fixed-charge transportation problem has been developed. The technique strongly exploits the underlying transportation structure. The relaxed problem assumes this form and simple penalties are easily constructed from the optimal solution of this transportation problem. These penalties are used in the standard branch-and-bound tasks of fathoming and guiding separation. The procedure has been coded, and over sixty test problems have been solved.
Dual-band filters based on TM dual-mode cavities

This paper presents a novel geometry for the realization of compact dual-band waveguide filters. It is based on TM dual-mode cavities that allow for asymmetric filtering functions with N transmission poles and N transmission zeros. In contrast to previous works, that are limited to structures with a single passband, here the TM cavity geometry is used to generate one pole in each passband and two transmission zeros located below, above or between the two passbands. Thus, a basic building-block for the design of multiple-cavity asymmetric dual-band filters is achieved. The use of TM cavities significantly minimizes the filter length without reducing the RF performances, mainly in terms of insertion loss. A three-cavity TM dual-band filter with six asymmetric transmission zeros has been designed and manufactured to validate the proposed geometry.