Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-defect aggregation characteristics of some Australasian diamonds : Time-temperature constraints on the source regions of pipe and alluvial diamonds

The proportions ofaggregated N substitutional defects, platelet intensities, and bulk N contents have been quantitatively determined in type Ia diamonds from the Argyle and Ellendale olivine lamproite pipes (Kimberley block of northwest Australia) and alluvial deposits in western and central Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Copeton (eastern Australia) using Fourier transform infrared (FIIR) microscopy. The extent ofconversion ofA defects (a pair ofsubstitutional N atoms) to the aggregated B form is a function of the temperature history, mantle residence time (/**), and N concentration of diamond. We have used Argyle eclogitic diamonds, which have well-constrained equilibration temperatures (average x1255'O and short mantle residency (0.4 Ga), together with experimental data to refine the values of the activation energy (E.) and Arrhenius constant (A) for the A B reaction. We obtain E"/R: 8.16 + 0.13 x 104 K (8":7.03 eV) and ln(A,/atomic ppm-' t-t;: 13.51. Kinetic modeling shows that the reaction is sensitive to time-averaged temperatures (designated I*o) in the range 10501300'C and that such temperatures are not necessarily equivalent to those determined by silicate inclusion geothermometry. The results show that the Ellendale eclogitic diamonds were resident in cool lithosphere and have not experienced the higher temperatures typical of Argyle diamonds. Constraints from inclusion geothermometry indicate that Ellendale eclogitic diamonds must be younger than Argyle diamonds, and a Phanerozoic age is suggested. Copeton diamonds comprise a yellow hrCh-N group (>500 ppm l0 and a colorless low-N group (<400 ppm N). They are constrained to a series of moderate temperature isotherms (I"^ = l07G-1 145 "C, for lr" : 1.6 Ga) and have an extent of N-defect conversion consistent with long-term mantle storage. Remarkably, some of the Kalimantan alluvial and Ellendale peridotitic diamonds lie on the tightly constrained highest temperature (1145 "C) Copeton isotherm, suggesting these diamonds may have had a common origin in ancient Gondwanaland lithosphere that has been dispersed by more recent tectonic processes. A case is made for diamond survival in remnant subcontinental lithosphere underlying southeast Asian and eastern Australian microcontinental blocks that separated from the northeastern Gondwanaland margin during the Paleozoic. Inasmuch as the N-defect characteristics of diamond reflect a unique mantle thermal history, they may prove useful in provenance studies of alluvial diamonds, in paleotectonic reconstructions, and in deducing the thermal evolution of subcontinental lithosphere, when combined with data from inclusion and xenolith geothermometry.
Examining the potential of youth-led community of practice: experience and insights

In this case study, two high school teachers, a university researcher, and 10 high school students (ages 16–19 years) were part of an action research group that addressed an issue – smoking on school grounds − identified by a high school population as being problematic. The research was guided by the following research questions: ‘Within a community of practice, what processes and practices will support mutual engagement in learning? ’ ‘What type of partnership will emerge between youth and adults in this community of practice? ’ and ‘What are group members’ perceptions of the value of cultivating a community of practice? ’ Data methods and sources included field notes, student and teacher interviews, and document analysis. Using the lenses of communities of practice and youth–adult partnership, outcomes report on how mutual engagement and youth–adult partnership emerged.
Particle Swarm Optimization of Feed-Forward Neural Networks with Weight Decay

Training neural networks is a complex task of great importance in problems of supervised learning. In this work we analyze the use of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and the cooperative variant with the weight decay mechanism for neural network training aiming better generalization performances. For evaluating these algorithms we apply them to benchmark classification problems of the medical field. The results showed that the weight decay mechanism implemented improved the mean generalization control of the two algorithms in all the tested problems.
Auditory steady state response in bipolar disorder: relation to clinical state, cognitive performance, medication status, and substance disorders.

OBJECTIVES Abnormalities in auditory steady state response (ASSR) at gamma range frequencies have been found in bipolar disorder, but the relationship of these neurophysiological disturbances to clinical factors has not been well characterized. We therefore evaluated the ASSR in bipolar disorder and examined its sensitivity to clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and pharmacological treatment. METHODS A total of 68 patients with bipolar disorder and 77 control participants were evaluated. Click trains presented at 20, 30, 40, and 50 Hz evoked ASSRs. Mean trial power (MTP) and phase locking factor (PLF) measured response magnitude and phase synchronization of the ASSR at each stimulation frequency. Clinical state, pharmacological treatment, and neuropsychological performance were assessed, and their respective relationships with ASSR measures were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with bipolar disorder showed reduced MTP and PLF compared to control participants. Bipolar disorder patients taking psychotropic medications had decreased PLF relative to patients withdrawn from medications. Control participants performed better on neuropsychological tests than bipolar disorder patients; however, test scores did not correlate with ASSR measures. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in the generation and maintenance of ASSR are present in bipolar disorder, implicating disturbances in auditory pathways. ASSR may be sensitive to medication status. Other clinical features, including mood state, psychotic features, cognitive performance, smoking, or history of substance use disorder, were unrelated to MTP or PLF.
Evolving DNA Repair Polymerases: From Double—Strand Break Repair to Base Excision Repair and VDJ Recombination

Currently five polymerases have been identified in Escherichia coli, at least eight in Saccharo‐ myces cerevisiae, nine in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and fourteen in humans [1-4]. Based on the primary structure of the catalytic subunits, DNA polymerases have been classified into different families. Eukaryotic organisms have four families: A family (Polγ, Polθ and Polν), B family (Polα, Polδ, Pole and Polζ), X family (Pols, Polλ, Polμ and TdT) and Y family (Polη, Polι, Polκ and Rev1), whose members were discovered in the last decade [5], and are involved in replication through DNA lesions. Another significant development was the discovery of Polλ [6] and Polμ [7], which doubled the number of known enzymes of the X family of DNA polymerases, whose members are involved in DNA repair and generation of variability.
An Improved Test Generation Algorithm for PairWise Testing

Pair-wise or two-way interaction testing requires that for a given numbers of input parameters to the system, each possible combination of values for any pair of parameters be covered by at least one test. Empirical results show that pair-wise testing is practical and efficient for various types of software systems [1]. The problem of generating a minimum test set for pair-wise testing is NP-complete [3]. In this paper, we propose a test set generation strategy for pair-wise testing when all parameters can take same values. Our strategy is better than those in [3] and “AETG” [1], in terms of the number of tests.
The Association Between Narratives and Theory of Mind for Low-Income Preschoolers

This study investigated the relationship between narrative skills and theory of mind for low-income children. Two groups of low-income preschoolers, one African American (n = 33) and one European American (n = 36), created a narrative and participated in a false belief task. The European Americans outperformed African Americans on the false belief task, but there were no differences in the narrative skills across the groups. After controlling for children's age, false belief performance had no effect on European Americans' narrative abilities. However, African Americans who passed the false belief task told stories that were more grammatically coherent and social cognitively sophisticated than those African American children who did not pass the task.
Cloze as a Measure of Intersentential Comprehension.

CLOZE TESTS ARE FREQUENTLY USED to measure reading comprehension. Although cloze is generally accepted as a global measure of reading comprehension, and cloze test results are reportedly well correlated with those of traditional comprehension tests, the question of which specific components of reading comprehension are measured by cloze tests has not been adequately explored. This study assessed the sensitivity of cloze passages as measures of the ability to use information across sentence boundaries. Three experiments were carried out. Standard cloze passages were administered to subjects; these same passages, with scrambled sentence sequences, were administered to other subjects; still other passages were used which were constructed by embedding single sentences from the original passages in other, non-supportive text. No performance differences due to sentence order or to the presence of supportive text were found, even with a timed cloze test, suggesting an important limitation on cloze as a measure of this aspect of reading comprehension. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Anti-oomycete compounds from Ganoderma appalantum, a wood rot basidiomycete

Solvent extracts of 17 different basidiomycetes were tested for their ability to inhibit Sclerospora graminicola. Among those tested, only three basidiomycete crude extracts exhibited significant inhibition on pathogen sporulation, zoospore release and zoospore motility. In vitro, the chloroform extract of Ganoderma appalantum (3 mg mL−1) recorded a maximum sporangial inhibition of 52.5 and 82.0% zoospore release and 92.5% motility. Crude extracts of three different basidiomycete fungi were treated to pearl millet seeds and assessed for seed germination, seedling vigour and effectiveness against downy mildew disease under greenhouse conditions. None of the solvent extracts were found to be phytotoxic. Chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of G. appalantum (3 mg mL−1) proved to be the best by offering disease protection of 55.6 and 43.7%, respectively, followed by chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of Polyphorus spp. , with 42.5 and 39.1% disease protection. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) spots that developed were eluted and tested for inhibition of S. graminicola zoosporangia. The partially purified compound from TLC chloroform extract of G. appalantum consistently showed good inhibitory effect against S. graminicola, which exhibited inhibition of sporangia (42.3%), zoospore release (76.7%) and zoospore motility (86.7%), compared to the chloroform control which offered only 1.9, 2.9 and 1.7% inhibition of sporangia, zoospore release and zoospore motility, respectively. The partially purified compound from petroleum ether extract of G. appalantum resulted in 38.0, 63.0 and 81.6% inhibition of sporangia, zoospore release and motility, respectively, compared to petroleum ether control. However, azoxystrobin 250 SC (2 µg mL−1) and apron 35 SD (0.015 mg mL−1) treated on sporangial suspension showed the highest inhibition of S. graminicola pathogen compared to chloroform and petroleum ether TLC fractions.
The ability of simian virus 40 large T antigen to immortalize primary mouse embryo fibroblasts cosegregates with its ability to bind to p53

The large T antigen encoded by simian virus 40 (SV40) plays essential roles in the infection of permissive cells, leading to production of progeny virions, and in the infection of nonpermissive cells, leading to malignant transformation. Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are nonpermissive for SV40, and infection by wild-type SV40 leads to immortalization and transformation of a small percentage of infected cells. We examined the ability of an extensive set of mutants whose lesions affect SV40 large T antigen to immortalize MEFs. We found that immortalization activity was retained by all mutants whose lesions are located upstream of codon 346. This includes a mutant lacking amino acids 168 to 346. We previously showed (M. J. Tevethia, J. M. Pipas, T. Kierstead, and C. Cole, Virology 162:76-89, 1988) that sequences downstream of amino acid 626 are not required for immortalization of primary MEFs. Studies by Thompson et al. (D. L. Thompson, D. Kalderon, A. Smith, and M. Tevethia, Virology 178:15-34, 1990) indicate that all sequences upstream of residue 250, including the domain for binding of tumor suppressor protein Rb, are not required for transformation of MEFs. Together, these studies demonstrate that the immortalization activity of large T antigen for MEFs maps to sequences between 347 and 626. Several mutants with lesions between 347 and 626 retained the ability to immortalize at nearly the wild-type frequency, while others, with small insertions at amino acid 409 or 424 or a deletion of residues 587 to 589, failed to immortalize. The abilities of mutant T antigens to form a complex with tumor suppressor protein p53 were examined. We found that all mutants able to immortalize retained the ability to complex with p53, while all mutants which lost the ability to immortalize were no longer able to bind p53. This suggests that inactivation of the growth-suppressive properties of p53 is essential for immortalization of MEFs.
Fibrin assembly in human plasma and fibrinogen/albumin mixtures.

Magnetic birefringence is used to monitor the kinetics of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization in model systems of increasing complexity (i.e., fibrinogen solutions, fibrinogen/albumin mixtures, and plasma anticoagulated with citrate) and in plasma containing free calcium which is the physiological condition. The introduction of albumin into fibrinogen solutions shortens the lag period and enhances fiber thickness. The polymerization progress curves are sigmoidal at zero or low albumin concentrations, but at physiological and higher concentrations, they become hyperbola-like from the end of the lag period. High albumin concentration has thus induced a change in the assembly kinetics. The progress curves from plasma in which the cascade is dormant are also hyperbola-like although they round off more quickly because of antithrombin activity. In plasma containing free calcium, thrombin is endogenously produced, and the progress curves are nearly linear; hence, the assembly kinetics are very different from those of the model systems. The curves are not influenced by calcium-dependent cross-linking involving factor XIIIa. The progress curves are also linear when polymerization is induced with Russell's viper venom, which by directly activating factor X circumvents earlier steps in the cascade. This implies that linear polymerization is caused by events posterior to factor X activation and are thus likely to be largely dependent on the functioning of the prothrombinase complex. Addition of thrombin to plasma containing free calcium reduces the lag period. At low exogenous thrombin levels, the polymerization rate is increased, and the progress curves remain linear. However, at higher levels, the curves become more complicated and, paradoxically, full polymerization takes longer. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The wisdom of letting go and performance: the moderating role of emotional intelligence and discrete emotions

Drawing upon cognitive appraisal theory and affective events theory, we develop and test a model of discrete emotions, coping, and performance that contains both within- and between-person components. We argue that when employees feel angry, guilty, joyous, or proud at work, those with higher levels of ability-based emotional intelligence will turn to emotion-focused coping as a means to deal with the immediate aftermath of the emotion. This form of coping requires the least amount of cognitive resources and facilitates performance by helping individuals to meet their task demands. Random coefficient modelling findings from daily diary data collected in a law enforcement setting support our proposed ideas concerning the interactive effects of emotions and emotional intelligence on coping, as well as the effects of coping on task performance. Practitioner points The findings from this study conducted in a law enforcement setting suggest that coping strategies such as venting, denial, and disengagement might be adaptive for short-term performance. , Organizations could manage employee emotions via awareness of appropriate coping responses and selecting higher ABEI individuals for jobs that involve emotions on a routine basis.
Effects of coherence and relevance on shallow and deep text processing.

In 2 experiments, the authors examined the effects of coherence and relevance on shallow and deeper text processing, testing the hypothesis that enhancing the relevance of text segments compensates for breaks in local and global coherence. In Experiment 1, they found that breaks in local coherence had no effect on any outcome measures, whereas relevance enhanced deeper processing. In Experiment 2, they found that breaks in global coherence interfered with shallow processing, whereas relevance enhanced deeper processing. In addition, interactions revealed that relevance compensates for breaks in global coherence on measures of deeper processing. The compensation hypothesis was supported. One explanation for these results is that relevance enables readers to focus on salient information, which in turn can be used to repair serious coherence breaks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
An Aligning Election and the Ukrainian Political Community

This article begins by relating the 2010 presidential election to preceding presidential elections in Ukraine. It demonstrates that this is the first time in Ukraine’s two decades of national independence that strong continuity has been present across successive elections in the territorially aggregated basis of support for the same leading candidate, or between such a candidate and a political mentor. From this perspective, the 2010 election is the country’s first aligning election. The article investigates the social and economic correlates of regional voting patterns in 2010, finding that identity-based variables based on section (macro-region) and language are the strongest predictors, although economics is also of some relevance. It goes on to compare the 2010 contest in this respect with the elections of 1994, 1999, and 2004, showing that identity politics lost in salience as of the late 1990s and then resurged. The reasons for this reversal have to do with the elite’s habit of relying on identity messages to compete for high office and the penetration of the Ukrainian political space by international actors, Russia in particular.
Pregnant on Arrival: making the illegal immigrant

to justify the forced removal of President Aristide. A de facto government was established, and, as the author shows, under US and UN supervision at least 400 criminal ex-army paramilitaries were integrated into Haiti’s national police. Sprague takes his history close to the present, beyond the massive earthquake of 2010, visiting a paramilitary encampment on the outskirts of the capital in 2011, and interviewing the erstwhile chief of security for Jean-Claude Duvalier who had returned to the country that year. For Haiti to gain its true sovereignty, and enforce an end to the impunity of paramilitary forces, the country’s movement from below and a coalition of the Left with its friends abroad must, the author argues, work together. In revealing the sheer extent and magnitude of the task ahead, Sprague has done that goal a sterling service.
Discriminative Neural Sentence Modeling by Tree-Based Convolution

This paper proposes a tree-based convolutional neural network (TBCNN) for discriminative sentence modeling. Our models leverage either constituency trees or dependency trees of sentences. The tree-based convolution process extracts sentences' structural features, and these features are aggregated by max pooling. Such architecture allows short propagation paths between the output layer and underlying feature detectors, which enables effective structural feature learning and extraction. We evaluate our models on two tasks: sentiment analysis and question classification. In both experiments, TBCNN outperforms previous state-of-the-art results, including existing neural networks and dedicated feature/rule engineering. We also make efforts to visualize the tree-based convolution process, shedding light on how our models work.
Clinical pharmacology of two specific bradycardiac agents.

The effect of two i.v. -infusion regimens of falipamil on atropine-induced changes of heart rate and the effect of ULFS 49 Cl in 3 different oral doses during a 7-day medication period were studied in volunteers. Both studies were double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled. Under placebo, low doses of atropine caused a 16% reduction in heart rate, a 1 mg cumulative dose increased heart rate by 23%. 100 mg falipamil was followed by a 9% reduction in heart rate. Low doses of atropine enhanced this decrease to 14%, whereas a 1 mg cumulative dose of atropine increased heart rate by only 3%. Similar results were obtained after administration of 200 mg falipamil. ULFS 49 Cl induced a constant reduction of heart rate at rest and during ergometry without changing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Because no interrelation was found between efficacy and corresponding plasma levels of the drug, it can be concluded that the concentration of the drug in the tissue is responsible for efficacy and duration of action. The minimal effective and the therapeutic doses were 3 X 2.5 mg p.o. and 3 X 5 mg p.o. respectively. In contrast to falipamil, which increased the QT-interval by approximately 20%, ULFS 49 Cl did not change QT-time. Side-effects typical for 'specific bradycardic agents', such as coruscation were seen. Peak occurrence was between day 1 and day 4, thereafter a decreasing frequency was observed. In general, both drugs were effective and well tolerated.
Developing an Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory: the ELLI Project

This paper reports the initial results of a study that was designed to develop and test an instrument that could identify the elements of an individual's capacity for lifelong learning. We anticipated that the components of this capacity would include a complex mix of dispositions, lived experiences, social relations, values, attitudes and beliefs and that these various factors would coalesce to shape the nature of an individual's engagement with any particular learning opportunity. The instrument that was developed—the Evaluating Lifelong Learning Inventory—was trialled with pupils across a range of ages and subject to factor analytic study. The data have proved robust over successive factor analytic studies, allowing the identification of seven dimensions of learning power and reliable scales to assess these. These dimensions appear to be capable of differentiating between efficacious, engaged and energized learners and passive, dependent and fragile learners. Whilst further, larger scale field trials will be necessary to confirm these early results, the findings would appear to have significant implications for conventional models of curriculum design and classroom practice.