Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Transcutaneous CO2 Values Compared With Arterial and Capillary Blood Gases

BACKGROUND: Transcutaneous monitors are utilized to monitor a patient's respiratory status. Some patients have similar values when comparing transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) values with blood gas analysis, whereas others show extreme variability. A retrospective review of data was performed to determine how accurately PtcCO2 correlated with CO2 values obtained by arterial blood gas (ABG) or capillary blood gas. METHODS: To determine whether PtcCO2 values correlated with ABG or capillary blood gas values, subjects' records were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included the PtcCO2 value at the time of blood gas procurement and the ABG or capillary blood gas PCO2 value. Agreement of pairs of methods (ABG vs PtcCO2 and capillary blood gas vs PtcCO2) was assessed with the Bland-Altman approach with limits of agreement estimated with a mixed model to account for serial measurements per subject. RESULTS: A total of 912 pairs of ABG/PtcCO2 values on 54 subjects and 307 pairs of capillary blood gas/PtcCO2 values on 34 subjects were analyzed. The PCO2 range for ABG was 24–106 mm Hg, and PtcCO2 values were 27–133 mm Hg. The PCO2 range for capillary blood gas was 29–108 mm Hg, and PtcCO2 values were 30–103 mm Hg. For ABG/PtcCO2 comparisons, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.82, 95% CI was 0.80–0.84, and P was <. 001. For capillary blood gas/PtcCO2 comparisons, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.77, 95% CI was 0.72–0.81, and P was <. 001. For ABG/PtcCO2, the estimated difference ± SD was −6.79 ± 7.62 mm Hg, and limits of agreement were −22.03 to 8.45. For capillary blood gas/PtcCO2, the estimated difference ± SD was −1.61 ± 7.64 mm Hg, and limits of agreement were −16.88 to 13.66. The repeatability coefficient was about 30 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, capillary blood gas comparisons showed less variation and a slightly lower correlation with PtcCO2 than did ABG comparisons. After accounting for serial measurements per patient, due to the wide limits of agreement and poor repeatability, the utility of relying on PtcCO2 readings for this purpose is questionable.
University of Birmingham On the structure of oriented graphs and digraphs with forbidden tournaments or cycles

Motivated by his work on the classiﬁcation of countable homogeneous oriented graphs, Cherlin asked about the typical structure of oriented graphs (i) without a transitive triangle, or (ii) without an oriented triangle. We give an answer to these questions (which is not quite the predicted one). Our approach is based on the recent ‘hypergraph containers’ method, developed independently by Saxton and Thomason as well as by Balogh, Morris and Samotij. Moreover, our results generalise to forbidden transitive tournaments and forbidden oriented cycles of any order, and also apply to digraphs. Along the way we prove several stability results for extremal digraph problems, which we believe are of independent interest.
ΔNp63γ/SRC/Slug Signaling Axis Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Squamous Cancers

Purpose: To investigate the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its importance in tumor invasion. Experimental Design: We use a three-dimensional invasive organotypic raft culture model of human foreskin keratinocytes expressing the E6/E7 genes of the human papilloma virus-16, coupled with bioinformatic and IHC analysis of patient samples to investigate the role played by EMT in invasion and identify effectors and upstream regulatory pathways. Results: We identify SNAI2 (Slug) as a critical effector of EMT-activated downstream of TP63 overexpression in HNSCC. Splice-form–specific depletion and rescue experiments further identify the ΔNp63γ isoform as both necessary and sufficient to activate the SRC signaling axis and SNAI2-mediated EMT and invasion. Moreover, elevated SRC levels are associated with poor outcome in patients with HNSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Importantly, the effects on EMT and invasions and SNAI2 expression can be reversed by genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SRC. Conclusions: Overexpression of ΔNp63γ modulates cell invasion by inducing targetable SRC-Slug–evoked EMT in HNSCC, which can be reversed by inhibitors of the SRC signaling. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3917–27. ©2018 AACR.
The Power in Being Yourself: Feeling Authentic Enhances the Sense of Power

Across five experiments (total N = 715), we propose that people can gain a subjective sense of power by being authentic—in other words, state authenticity breeds power. Supporting this, participants reported feeling more powerful when they visualized themselves behaving authentically versus inauthentically (Study 1), or recalled a time when they felt authentic versus inauthentic (Studies 2-4). Studies 3 and 4 revealed that authenticity (vs. inauthenticity) likely drives the authenticity-to-power effect. Finally, Study 5 showed that perceivers infer others’ power and make important downstream judgments (i.e., likelihood of being an effective negotiator and leader), based on others’ authenticity. Importantly, our findings could not be explained by positive affect or by preexisting power differences, and held across diverse situations (e.g., those absent of social pressure). Implications for state authenticity as a strategic means to attain power and for understanding its dynamic nature and effects are discussed.
Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Advanced Melanoma Patients

Immunotherapy for melanoma includes adoptive cell therapy with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This monocenter retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment of patients with advanced melanoma. All advanced melanoma patients treated with TILs using the same TIL expansion methodology and same treatment interleukin-2 (IL-2) regimen between 2009 and 2012 were included. After sterile intralesional excision of a cutaneous or subcutaneous metastasis, TILs were produced according to a previously described method and then infused into the patient who also received a complementary subcutaneous IL-2 regimen. Nine women and 1 man were treated for unresectable stage IIIC (n = 4) or IV (n = 6) melanoma. All but 1 patient with unresectable stage III melanoma (1st line) had received at least 2 previous treatments, including anti-CTLA-4 antibody for 4. The number of TILs infused ranged from 0.23 × 109 to 22.9 × 109. Regarding safety, no serious adverse effect was reported. Therapeutic responses included a complete remission, a partial remission, 2 stabilizations, and 6 progressions. Among these 4 patients with clinical benefit, 1 is still alive with 9 years of follow-up and 1 died from another cause after 8 years of follow-up. Notably, patients treated with high percentages of CD4 + CD25 + CD127lowFoxp3+ T cells among their TILs had significantly shorter OS. The therapeutic effect of combining TILs with new immunotherapies needs further investigation.
Best Practices of Youth Violence Prevention: A Sourcebook for Community Action

This sourcebook, which builds on a 1993 publication, "The Prevention of Youth Violence: A Framework for Community Action," offers insight into best practices to prevent violence by children and adolescents. It was developed with input from people working to prevent youth violence and people whose positions made them likely to play a role in violence prevention efforts. Researchers interviewed teachers, school administrators, members of community-based organizations, employees and volunteers at social service agencies, health department personnel, program planners and practitioners, and researchers from universities across the United States regarding what they would like to see in a sourcebook. They also conducted an extensive literature review on youth violence prevention. Chapter 1 reviews general principals of intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. Chapter 2 builds on the experiences of others who have worked to prevent violence by children and adolescents, discussing the best practices of four key youth prevention strategies (parentand family-based, home-visiting, social-cognitive, and mentoring strategies). This chapter also includes resources for more information about programs using these practices. Two appendixes offer a youth violence fact sheet and a public health approach. (Chapters contain references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 54. SE VICs,o, Best Practices of Youth Violence Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Growing student voice in curriculum decisions at the university

This paper is a result of the development of the R+D Project Schools that are moving towards inclusive education: working with the local community, the student voice and educational support for promoting change in conjunction with the Innovation Project Building Bridges. An Educational Innovation Project in the European Higher Education Area which has been developed in the University of Cantabria (Spain). The main objective of this project is to put into practice teaching methodology which reflects the inclusive principle of collaboration, with the aim of widening student participation as agents in the development of the curriculum (Seale, 2010). The initiative is being developed over two academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15 in two subjects in Primary Education teacher training. One hundred and eighty-six students together with their teachers are taking part in the project. The project has been organised in two phases. In the first phase, students from the two participating groups chose different materials and resources for teaching three major topics in schools: collaboration, the feeling of belonging and respect for differences. In the second phase, some of the students from both subjects, together with their University teachers, established a Resource Guide which could be considered as one of the main results of this project. Furthermore, the latter required sustained commitment over time (8 months). Similarly other collaborative values, which will be discussed in further detail, can be found in this work. These are: the connection between training and the real needs of schools (Zeichner, 2010), the projection of work carried out towards the future given that this will be shared with students from subsequent courses or the proposal of collaboration with the material and tangible objective of practical use aimed at inclusive education. Lastly, the project has been evaluated by the participants based on in-depth interviews. In this summary, it can be seen that students have emphasised the value of this project as a way of enabling them to experience new teaching methodologies which promote a realistic connection between what is studied in the classroom with actual practice in schools. Introduction This paper is the result of the joint development of two projects: the first being ‘Schools that are moving towards inclusive education: working with the local community, the student voice and educational support for promoting change’, an R+D+i Project; and the second ‘Building bridges. An Educational innovation project in the European Higher Education Space’, approved in the University of Cantabria’s 2nd Call for Innovation in Teaching.
Coresident and Noncoresident Emerging Adults’ Daily Experiences With Parents

Coresidence between emerging adults and parents is now common in the United States, but we know little about how coresidence influences daily experiences in these ties. Coresident (n = 62) and noncoresident (n = 97) emerging adults (aged 18–30) reported daily experiences with parents and mood for 7 days. During the study week, compared to offspring who lived apart from parents, coresident offspring were more likely to experience positive encounters, receive more support, wish parents would change, feel irritated, and report that their parents got on their nerves. Coresident offspring did not differ from noncoresident offspring with regard to stressful thoughts. Stressful thoughts about parents were associated with more negative daily mood; this effect did not differ for coresident and noncoresident offspring. Findings are discussed with regard to intergenerational ambivalence. In sum, coresident emerging adults were more involved with parents but not more affected by daily experiences with parents.
Prevalence and risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in school-aged children: A school based study in western Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

Background Taenia solium cysticercosis affects millions of impoverished people worldwide and can cause neurocysticercosis, an infection of the central nervous system which is potentially fatal. Children may represent an especially vulnerable population to neurocysticercosis, due to the risk of cognitive impairment during formative school years. While previous epidemiologic studies have suggested high prevalence in rural China, the prevalence in children as well as risk factors and impact of disease in low-resource areas remain poorly characterized. Methodology/Principal findings Utilizing school based sampling, we conducted a cross-sectional study, administering a questionnaire and collecting blood for T. solium cysticercosis antibodies in 2867 fifth and sixth grade students across 27 schools in west Sichuan. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models controlling for school-level clustering to study associations between risk factors and to characterize factors influencing the administration of deworming medication. Overall prevalence of cysticercosis antibodies was 6%, but prevalence was significantly higher in three schools which all had prevalences of 15% or higher. Students from households owning pigs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% CI 1.08–3.03), from households reporting feeding their pigs human feces (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.16), and self-reporting worms in their feces (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18–2.91) were more likely to have cysticercosis IgG antibodies. Students attending high prevalence schools were more likely to come from households allowing pigs to freely forage for food (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.72–2.98) and lacking a toilet (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.38–2.46). Children who were boarding at school were less likely to have received treatment for gastrointestinal worms (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42–0.80). Conclusions/Significance Our study indicates high prevalences of cysticercosis antibodies in young school aged children in rural China. While further studies to assess potential for school-based transmission are needed, school-based disease control may be an important intervention to ensure the health of vulnerable pediatric populations in T. solium endemic areas.
Loss of Ethanolamine Utilization in Enterococcus faecalis Increases Gastrointestinal Tract Colonization

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is paradoxically a dangerous nosocomial pathogen and a normal constituent of the human gut microbiome, an environment rich in ethanolamine. E. faecalis carries the eut (ethanolamine utilization) genes, which enable the catabolism of ethanolamine (EA) as a valuable source of carbon and/or nitrogen. EA catabolism was previously shown to contribute to the colonization and growth of enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), in the gut environment. We tested the ability of eut mutants of E. faecalis to colonize the gut using a murine model of gastrointestinal (GI) tract competition and report the surprising observation that these mutants outcompete the wild-type strain. IMPORTANCE Some bacteria that are normal, harmless colonizers of the human body can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, particularly those that have been heavily treated with antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that promote or negate these organisms’ ability to colonize. Previously, ethanolamine, found in high concentrations in the GI tract, was shown to promote the colonization and growth of bacteria associated with food poisoning. Here, we report the surprising, opposite effect of ethanolamine utilization on the commensal colonizer E. faecalis, namely, that loss of this metabolic capacity made it a better colonizer. Some bacteria that are normal, harmless colonizers of the human body can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, particularly those that have been heavily treated with antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that promote or negate these organisms’ ability to colonize. Previously, ethanolamine, found in high concentrations in the GI tract, was shown to promote the colonization and growth of bacteria associated with food poisoning. Here, we report the surprising, opposite effect of ethanolamine utilization on the commensal colonizer E. faecalis, namely, that loss of this metabolic capacity made it a better colonizer.
The effects of gold nanoparticles on the human blood functions

Abstract The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used as drug delivery systems at several biomedical fields. However, the effect of AuNPs on the components of human blood is not well characterized. AuNPs firstly interacted with blood when using AuNPs as the drug delivery carries. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the effect of AuNPs (including the ligands of AuNPs) on human blood, especially its components. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of polyethylene glycol-coated AuNPs (PEG@AuNPs) and citric acid-coated AuNPs (CT-AuNPs) on the blood cell function and distribution of those nanoparticles in blood components including erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets (PLTs) cells and plasma. We found that the amount of CT-AuNPs engulfed by leukocytes was four folds more compared to PEG@AuNPs, indicating that PEGylation might have the ability to escape the immune system. We found that each individual leukocyte uptaked more AuNPs particles than individual platelet. However, there are more PLTs than leukocytes in the blood. The total amount of AuNPs including PEG@AuNPs and CT-AuNPs accumulation in PLTs were more than in leukocytes. Moreover, we found that both CT-AuNPs and PEG@AuNPs-induced PLTs activation at high concentration. We therefore concluded that the interactions between nanodrug delivery systems (AuNPs) and human blood components, especially the PLTs should be careful evaluated prior to their clinical applications.
Reply to “Corticopallidal connectivity: Lessons from patients with dystonia”

We read with great interest the article published by Ni et al reporting the effect of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cortical excitability and plasticity in patients with primary cervical dystonia. Interestingly, the authors found two peaks (the first with a latency of 10ms and the second of 25ms) of cortical evoked potentials in the ipsilateral motor cortical areas in response to internal globus pallidus (GPi)-DBS. In addition, transcranial magnetic stimulation with a conditioning-test paired-pulse paradigm demonstrated that GPi-DBS had a facilitatory effect on the motor evoked potentials at the interstimulus interval of 6 to 12ms, preceding an inhibitory, negative cortical peak at 22 to 26ms. Considering the short latency, facilitatory effect at 6ms between the GPi and motor cortical areas and given that GPiDBS does not activate directly the corticospinal fibers, it is possible to hypothesize a fast, direct interplay between the GPi and the motor-related cortical areas. Although the traditional view of the basal ganglia circuitry does not assume the existence of a fast route between the cerebral cortex and the GP, this has been recently hypothesized and proved both in animals and humans. Recent studies have indeed identified a direct GABAergic projection from the GP to the cerebral cortex, as well as a glutamatergic cortico-pallidal projection. The findings of Ni and associates are also in line with recent human structural connectomics data showing that precentral and postcentral gyri, the paracentral and superior parietal lobules, are connected with GP paralleling the direct, indirect, and hyperdirect pathway. The existence of a direct cortico-pallidal connection is also corroborated by the presence of a robust band of beta coherence between the sensorimotor areas and GPi in dystonic patients with GPi-DBS. On the other hand, we cannot exclude the possible involvement of cholinergic facilitatory neurons, which are dispersed around the GPi. Despite the high clinical relevance of GPi-DBS in reducing the abnormal plasticity driven within the cortico-basal ganglia network and in improving symptoms in patients with dystonia, several questions are still to be answered. It is likely that the cortico-pallidal system may act as an important node involved in the functional interactions of beta signaling in the cortex-basal ganglia-cortex loops contributing to abnormal sensory-motor plasticity and motor learning in dystonia. This should be the focus of future studies aimed to design new therapeutic strategies in dystonia. Potential Conflicts of Interest Nothing to report.
Risk factor assessment for breast cancer in North Cyprus: a comprehensive
case-control study of Turkish Cypriot women

Background/aim: This case-control study aims to assess the strength of associations between reproductive, lifestyle, sociodemographic, and dietary factors as well as other potential breast cancer risks and breast cancer (BC) in a North Cyprus population. Materials and methods: The study includes 408 BC patients and 412 age-matched controls recruited from Near East Hospital and Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital in North Cyprus. Information regarding clinical and epidemiological characteristics was collected through a standardized interview. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression before and after adjusting for the potential confounders. Results: In addition to various recognized BC risk factors, strong associations with BC were reported from women with fertility drugs used for >6 cycles (OR = 3.305, 95% CI 1.850–5.906, P < 0.001), depression (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.33–3.30, P < 0.001), exposure to radiation (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.02–2.98, P = 0.041), and excess consumption of oil (OR = 2.703, 95% CI 1.62–4.48, P < 0.001) and sugar (OR = 3.42, 95% CI 1.39–8.40, P = 0.007). Parental consanguinity (OR = 0.16, 96% CI 0.09–0.30, P < 0.001) and daily water intake of 1–2 L (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.19–0.66, P < 0.001) were strong protective factors. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the presence of classical as well as several additional BC risks. The findings will be of great benefit in establishing adequate evidence-based awareness and preventative measures in the North Cyprus population.