Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Dielectric “Constant” of Proteins: Smooth Dielectric Function for Macromolecular Modeling and Its Implementation in DelPhi

Implicit methods for modeling protein electrostatics require dielectric properties of the system to be known, in particular, the value of the dielectric constant of protein. While numerous values of the internal protein dielectric constant were reported in the literature, still there is no consensus of what the optimal value is. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the protein dielectric constant is not a “constant” but is a complex function reflecting the properties of the protein’s structure and sequence. Here, we report an implementation of a Gaussian-based approach to deliver the dielectric constant distribution throughout the protein and surrounding water phase by utilizing the 3D structure of the corresponding macromolecule. In contrast to previous reports, we construct a smooth dielectric function throughout the space of the system to be modeled rather than just constructing a “Gaussian surface” or smoothing molecule–water boundary. Analysis on a large set of proteins shows that (a) the average dielectric constant inside the protein is relatively low, about 6–7, and reaches a value of about 20–30 at the protein’s surface, and (b) high average local dielectric constant values are associated with charged residues while low dielectric constant values are automatically assigned to the regions occupied by hydrophobic residues. In terms of energetics, a benchmarking test was carried out against the experimental pKa’s of 89 residues in staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and showed that it results in a much better RMSD (= 1.77 pK) than the corresponding calculations done with a homogeneous high dielectric constant with an optimal value of 10 (RMSD = 2.43 pK).
Central Limit Theorems and Quadratic Variations in Terms of Spectral Density

We give a new proof and provide new bounds for the speed of convergence in the Central Limit Theorem of Breuer Major on stationary Gaussian time series, which generalizes to particular triangular arrays. Our assumptions are given in terms of the spectral density of the time series. We then consider generalized quadratic variations of Gaussian fields with stationary increments under the assumption that their spectral density is asymptotically self-similar and prove Central Limit Theorems in this context.
The Swing Trader?s Bible: Strategies to Profit from Market Volatility

Acknowledgments. Preface. CHAPTER 1 Determining Your Trading Style. Why Swing Trading is a Better Alternative to Day Trading. How to Successfully Implement Winning Trades. CHAPTER 2 The First Rule of Profitability: Stop Loss. The End Should Always Come First. Occasionally Unforeseen Disaster Strikes. Hard Stops as a Profit Tool. Using Trailing Stops to Increase Profitability. CHAPTER 3 The Second Rule of Profitability: Commonsense Fundamentals. Careful with ETFs, Indexes, and Option Valuation. Common Sense is King. Ratios Matter. Exuberance is Never Fundamental Common Sense. CHAPTER 4 The Third Rule of Profitability: Technical Analysis. What is Technical Analysis? The Basic Chart. Introduction to Basic Technical Analysis Indicators. The Importance of Technical Analysis. A Beacon in the Night: The Chart is Your First Alert. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. CHAPTER 5 Strategy 1: Take the Trends to Pieces. Note on Fundamentals and Trend Trading. Riding the Envelopes. Profits through Pitchforks. CHAPTER 6 Strategy 2: The RSI Indicator. Choosing an RSI Setting. RSI Swing Trading Strategies. Implementing the RSI Strategies Step by Step. Bringing It All Together. CHAPTER 7 Strategy 3: MACD and Stochastic. Understanding MACD. Swing Trading Strategies Using the MACD. Stochastic. How to Trade the Stochastic. CHAPTER 8 Strategy 4: The Tier II Play. Follow the Leader. Market Cap in Tiers. Example in Action. What to Look Out for: Hidden Correlations. Where to Find Tier II Plays. CHAPTER 9 Strategy 5: ETF Sector Rotation. Asset Class Money Rotation. Market Cycles. Short-Term Sector Rotation. Dow Theory. CHAPTER 10 Strategy 6: The Macro-to-Micro Play. Step-by-Step Macro-to-Micro Approach for Swing Traders. The Daily Macro-to-Micro Trade Strategy. CHAPTER 11 Strategy 7: Profit from Exuberance Premium. Technicals Tell a Ton. Identifying Exuberance Premium. Technical Entry and Risk Management. CHAPTER 12 Strategy 8: Japanese Candlestick Charts. Single Candlestick Patterns. Wrapping Up Candlesticks. CHAPTER 13 Strategy 9: Option Primer and LEAP Options. Brief Explanation of Options. Puts and Calls. LEAP Options. CHAPTER 14 Strategy 10: Piggyback Strategy Using ETFs and Mutual Funds. Finding International Swing Trade Ideas. Piggybacking Mutual Funds. CHAPTER 15 Strategy 11: Scanning for Swing Trade Ideas. Establishing a Daily Scan List. CHAPTER 16 Strategy 12: Swing Trading a Market Sell-Off. Shorting Stocks: Profit When the Market is Falling. Introducing Short ETFs. CHAPTER 17 Strategy 13: Swing Trading the Megatrends. Why Trade a Megatrend? How to Trade a Megatrend. Current Megatrends. The Next Major Megatrend. CHAPTER 18 Strategy 14: Return on Assets and Return on Equity. Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Return on Assets. Return on Equity. CHAPTER 19 Strategy 15: Covered Call Options. What is a Covered Call? Buying Stocks at a Discount. Deep in the Money. CHAPTER 20 Strategy 16: Straddles as a Profit Tool. Consolidation is Key. Straddles. CHAPTER 21 Strategy 17: Bull and Bear Spreads. Spreads: The Nuts and Bolts. Spreads in Action. Last Words. Notes. Bibliography. Index.
Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland in transition - an introduction, Colin J. Harvey the new beginning - reconstructing constitutional law and democracy in Northern Ireland, Colin J. Harvey Northern Ireland, devolution and the European Union, Gordon Anthony and Andrew Evans equality, Christopher McCrudden building a human rights culture in a political democracy - the role of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission, Colin J. Harvey and justice for all? the judiciary and the legal profession in transition, Stephen Livingstone shaping the future of criminal justice, John Jackson a new beginning for policing in Northern Ireland, Linda Moore and Mary O'Rawe human rights, humanitarian interventions and paramilitary activities in Northern Ireland, Kieran McEvoy democracy, governance and governmentality - the role of the voluntary sector in the democratic renewal of Northern Ireland, John Morison.
ROSAT/Chandra observations of a bright transient in M 81

We present a 10-year X-ray light curve and the spectra of a peculiar X-ray transient in the spiral galaxy M81. The source was below the detection limit of ROSAT PSPC before 1993, but it brightened substantially in 1993, with luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit of a 1.5 solar mass compact accretor. It then faded and was not firmly detected in the ROSAT HRI and PSPC observations after 1994. The Chandra image obtained in 2000 May, however, shows an X-ray source at its position within the instrumental uncertainties. The Chandra source is coincident with a star-like object in the Digitized-Sky-Survey. A Hubble image suggests that the optical object may be extended. While these three observations could be of the same object, which may be an X-ray binary containing a black-hole candidate, the possibility that the ROSAT and Chandra sources are two different objects in a dense stellar environment cannot be ruled out. The Hubble data suggests that the optical object may be a globular cluster yet to be identified.
Adaptive Responsibilities: Nonlinear Interactions in Cross Sector Social Partnerships

This paper presents an instance of failed large scale social innovation from a cross sector social partnership even though the partnership seemed to succeed in its narrow mission.The mechanisms that led to less than complete success can shed light on the reasons behind the failure of social change mechanisms. The case study presented is between a non-profit organization and a business. It demonstrates that when the strategic intent of the social actors is prescriptive, it imprisons the possibilities for fundamental change. This limitation is due to the pre-defined relatively narrow responsibilities associated with different individual or social agents. The paper is calling to move beyond reactive and proactive responsibilities and to shift towards accepting adaptive responsibilities that require a multidimensional understanding towards all three levels of analysis, micro, meso and macro. Adaptive responsibilities is an empowering approach based on the coevolution of organizational actors. It holds the seeds of reciprocal multi-level change.
Differential effects of tranylcypromine and imidazole on mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed low and high fat diets.

Neoplastic development in the rat mammary gland can be suppressed by inhibition of the activity of several enzymes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In order to investigate the potential utility of prostacyclin and thromboxane synthetases as targets for mammary cancer chemoprevention, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of tranylcypromine (TCP), an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthetase, and imidazole (IMI), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, on mammary carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Fifty-day-old female Sprague-Dawley [Hsd:SD(BR)] rats received a single s.c. dose of 0 or 40 mg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight. Beginning 7 days after carcinogen administration, groups of rats were fed isoenergetic, casein-based diets containing 3 or 20% corn oil (w/w), supplemented with (per kg of diet) 10 mg of TCP, 1000 mg of IMI, or sucrose carrier only. TCP reduced mammary carcinoma multiplicity in rats fed the 20% corn oil diet, but had no effect in rats fed the diet containing 3% fat. By contrast, supplementation with IMI increased mammary cancer incidence in the group fed the 20% fat diet and increased carcinoma multiplicity in the 3% fat group to the levels seen in rats fed the 20% fat diet. These data suggest that inhibition of prostacyclin synthetase, but not thromboxane synthetase, may present a useful mechanism for mammary cancer chemoprevention in animals consuming a diet high in fat. Furthermore, the differential effects of TCP and IMI in rats fed low and high fat diets suggest that the action of dietary fat in mammary cancer induction may involve influences on the arachidonic acid cascade.
“Financial” vs. “Real”: An Overview of the Contradictory Role of Finance

This chapter discusses the contradictory role and place of finance within the post-1980 US economy. A central argument advanced is that the relationship between the real and financial sides of the economy has become increasingly more complicated and contradictory. Therefore, the distinction made between “real” and “financial” problems of the economy needs to be better qualified by taking into account the dynamics between the two. The contradictory relationship is analyzed through a discussion of finance in relation to labor and households, nonfinancial corporations, speculative asset bubbles, and global imbalances. This analysis shows that finance has been in a contradictory unity with the rest of the economy. It has contributed to some of the problems in the economy, while providing solutions to them at other instances and in the process it shaped and in turn was shaped by the rest of the economy.
PR ] 2 8 O ct 2 00 4 Nonuniqueness for specifications in l 2 + ǫ

For every p > 2, we construct a regular and continuous specification (g-function), which has a variation sequence that is in lp and which admits multiple Gibbs measures. Combined with a result of Johansson and Öberg, [12], this determines the optimal modulus of continuity for a specification which admits multiple Gibbs measures.
Economic Research Initiative on the Uninsured Working Paper Series Is Welfare Reform Responsible for Low-skilled Women's Declining Health Insurance Coverage in the 1990s?

We use data from the 1989-2001 March Supplements to the Current Population Survey to determine whether welfare reform contributed to declines in health insurance coverage experienced by low-skilled women. Between 1988 and 2000, women with less than a high school education experienced an 8.0 percentage point decline in the probability of having health insurance. Against this backdrop of large declines, welfare waivers and TANF are associated with modest increases in coverage for low-skilled women of 2.3 and 3.6 percentage points respectively. Overall, our findings suggest that welfare reform did not contribute to declines in coverage but rather offset them somewhat.
Relatives to Critically Ill Patients Have No Sense of Coherence: A Quality Improvement Article Using Mixed Methods

Aims and Objective. To investigate the relatives' satisfaction and involvement on a general surgery ward regarding the critically ill patient. Introduction. Relatives to critically ill patients are affected both physically and mentally during the hospitalization of a family member. Research has shown that relatives do not always receive the attention they need from health professionals. There is a lack of studies that focus on relatives' satisfaction and involvement during their family members' hospitalization. Design. A mixed methods design was chosen. Methods. A quantitative study was conducted with 27 relatives to critically ill patients. All participated in a questionnaire and out of the 27 relatives, six participated in qualitative in-depth interviews. Results. The questionnaire revealed that relatives were dissatisfied with care and involvement. For further exploration of the dissatisfaction, a qualitative approach was used and the in-depth interviews revealed three themes: lack of continuity and structure, responsibility of coordination, and relatives feeling left on their own with no guiding and support. Conclusion. Health professionals' key role in relation to relatives must be guidance and support. Thereby, relatives can gain a sense of coherence during the hospitalization of a critically ill patient, which can lead to a greater satisfaction and thereby better support for the patient.
LIVING AWAY FROM HOME

This paper explores the premarital sexual behaviour and its covariates of young single women working in the garment manufacturing industry in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Because gender and sexuality norms inhibit women from disclosing proscribed lifestyles, measures to mitigate response biases were an integral part of the research design. The prevalence of premarital sex is higher than was previously known, with being older, having a less well-off family background, absence of guardians, peer sexual influence, and leisure and risk behaviour as risk factors. Dating solo—the most proximate behaviour to premarital sex—is engaged in more by women who live without guardians in Phnom Penh, who come from less well-off backgrounds, and who have been exposed to peer sexual influence. Parental influence upon daughters' premarital chastity and partner selection has long been significant. With rural–urban migration, this has been replaced by economic and peer influences, as evident in the high rates of dating, and other leisure and risk behaviour.
Test-Architecture Optimization and Test Scheduling for TSV-Based 3-D Stacked ICs

Through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D stacked ICs (SICs) are becoming increasingly important in the semiconductor industry. In this paper, we address test architecture optimization for 3-D stacked ICs implemented using TSVs. We consider two cases, namely 3-D SICs with die-level test architectures that are either fixed or still need to be designed. We next present mathematical programming techniques to derive optimal solutions for the architecture optimization problem for both cases. Experimental results for three handcrafted 3-D SICs comprising of various systems-on-a-chip (SoCs) from the ITC'02 SoC test benchmarks show that compared to the baseline method of sequentially testing all dies, the proposed solutions can achieve significant reduction in test length. This is achieved through optimal test schedules enabled by the test architecture. We also show that increasing the number of test pins typically provides a greater reduction in test length compared to an increase in the number of test TSVs. Furthermore, we show that shorter test lengths are generally achieved with the larger, more complex dies lower in the stack. This is because test data must pass through every die lower in a stack in order to reach its target die, and with the larger dies lower in the stack, more test bandwidth may be provided to these dies using fewer routing resources.
From Wage Rigidities to Labour Market Rigidities: A Turning-Point in Explaining Equilibrium Unemployment?

This paper offers a critical discussion of the concept of labour market rigidity relevant to explaining unemployment. Starting from Keynes's own view, we discuss how the concept of labour market flexibility has changed over time, involving nominal or real wage flexibility, contract flexibility or labour market institution flexibility. We also provide a critical assessment of the factors that lead the search framework highlighting labour market rigidities (frictions) to challenge the more widespread explanation of equilibrium unemployment grounded on wage rigidity.
Scalable Kernel Correlation Filter with Sparse Feature Integration

Correlation filters for long-term visual object tracking have recently seen great interest. Although they present competitive performance results, there is still a need for improving their tracking capabilities. In this paper, we present a fast scalable solution based on the Kernalized Correlation Filter (KCF) framework. We introduce an adjustable Gaussian window function and a keypoint-based model for scale estimation to deal with the fixed size limitation in the Kernelized Correlation Filter. Furthermore, we integrate the fast HoG descriptors and Intel's Complex Conjugate Symmetric (CCS) packed format to boost the achievable frame rates. We test our solution using the Visual Tracker Benchmark and the VOT Challenge datasets. We evaluate our tracker in terms of precision and success rate, accuracy, robustness and speed. The empirical evaluations demonstrate clear improvements by the proposed tracker over the KCF algorithm while ranking among the top state-of-the-art trackers.
Balancing two worlds : Asian American college students tell their life stories

Balancing Two Worlds: Asian American College Students Tell Their Life Stories provides readers with nuanced and very personal portraits of Asian American college students' identity formation. Through the fourteen self-narrated life stories contained in this book, the reader gains an understanding of how each individual navigated the intersection of multiple identities, including race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, sexuality, and generation. The essays were created through weekly writing and individual meetings with Andrew Garrod throughout an academic term. Once a cohesive essay was written, Robert Kilkenny, who did not know the students, provided editorial suggestions. The students were Dartmouth undergraduates aged 18 to 22 at the time that the essays were written. Authors of the essays are ethnically Burmese, Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Malaysian, Pakistani, South Korean, and Vietnamese.
Are There Disadvantaged Clienteles in Mutual Funds?

This paper studies the flow-performance relationship of three different investor groups in mutual funds: Households, financial corporations, and insurance companies and pension funds, establishing the following findings: Financial corporations have a strong tendency to chase past performance and also hold an increased share in the top performing funds. Insurance companies and pension funds show some evidence of performance chasing, but are underrepresented in the best performing funds. Households chase performance, but they are also subject to status quo bias in their flows. Regarding investor composition the worst performing funds show no significant difference in their investor structure when compared to funds with average performance.
Clues to Globular Cluster Evolution from Multiwavelength Observations of Extragalactic Systems

Abstract We present a study of the globular cluster (GC) systems of nearby elliptical and S0 galaxies at a variety of wavelengths from the X-ray to the infrared. Our analysis shows that roughly half of the low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), that are the luminous tracers of accreting neutron star or black hole systems, are in clusters. There is a surprisingly strong correlation between the LMXB frequency and the metallicity of the GCs, with metal-rich GCs hosting three times as many LMXBs as metal-poor ones, and no convincing evidence of a correlation with GC age so far. In some of the galaxies the LMXB formation rate varies with GC color even within the red peak of the typical bimodal cluster color distribution, providing some of the strongest evidence to date that there are metallicity variations within the metal-rich GC peak as is expected in a hierarchical galaxy formation scenario. We also note that any analysis of subtler variations in GC color distributions must carefully account for both statistical and systematic errors. We caution that some published GC correlations, such as the apparent ‘blue-tilt’ or mass-metallicity effect might not have a physical origin and may be caused by systematic observational biases.
Pushdown Exception-Flow Analysis of Object-Oriented Programs

Statically reasoning in the presence of and about exceptions is challenging: exceptions worsen the well-known mutual recursion between data-flow and control-flow analysis. The recent development of pushdown control-flow analysis for the {\lambda}-calculus hints at a way to improve analysis of exceptions: a pushdown stack can precisely match catches to throws in the same way it matches returns to calls. This work generalizes pushdown control-flow analysis to object-oriented programs and to exceptions. Pushdown analysis of exceptions improves precision over the next best analysis, Bravenboer and Smaragdakis's Doop, by orders of magnitude. By then generalizing abstract garbage collection to object-oriented programs, we reduce analysis time by half over pure pushdown analysis. We evaluate our implementation for Dalvik bytecode on standard benchmarks as well as several Android applications.
Factors influencing the island‐mass effect of the Galápagos Archipelago

Enhanced phytoplankton biomass in the wake of the Galápagos Islands is thought to result from an island‐mass effect (IME) fueled by upwelling of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and by natural iron enrichment from the island platform. Annual means of five variables describing the thermocline, the pycnocline, and the availability of nitrate at the surface were derived from the World Ocean Atlas 1998 (WOA98). The first principal component of these variables explained 55.8% of the variance, corroborating that the Galápagos IME is associated with features of the EUC, mainly a shallow thermocline/pycnocline and its vertical spreading in the vicinity of the Galápagos. Regression analysis of SeaWiFS‐derived chlorophyll‐a (chl) on the WOA98 variables indicated that the depth of the thermocline and nitrate availability explain 91.9% of the chl variance. A secondary IME of enhanced chl levels associated with the wind‐sheltered area north of Isabela Island was evident in the residual variability.