Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of organisational culture on job stress and burnout in graded accommodation establishments in the Free State province, South Africa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organisational culture on job stress and burnout in graded accommodation establishments. The demanding nature of work in the hospitality industry (e.g. long hours and shift work) renders job stress and burnout, a persisting challenge for the industry. Employees that are constantly subjected to a challenging work environment may experience increased levels of job stress and burnout or even leave the industry entirely. The Free State province of South Africa has a well-established hospitality sector, and this investigation shows the extent to which job stress and burnout are mitigated by a favourable organisational culture. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was administered to 46 graded accommodation establishments in the two main economic clusters (Bloemfontein and Clarens) of the Free State province of South Africa. The investigation was quantitative in nature and the robust competing values framework (CVF) was used.
Inflation and rental change in industrial property

Purpose – The industrial property market has traditionally been under‐researched but, in recent years, studies have ranged from examining rental change at the national level to examining supply factors at the local level. These studies are valuable to the real estate community, but there still remain significant gaps. This paper aims to focus on two of these inter‐related gaps. The interaction between inflation and rental change has been largely overlooked at all levels of data aggregation. Further, the relative importance of national factors, and regional and local factors, in rental determination has also been ignored.Design/methodology/approach – National and regional long‐run time series models are estimated accounting for the impact of inflation on real rents, using approaches adopted in macro‐economic consumption function analyses. The statistical validity of these models is confirmed from co‐integration tests. Local level spatio‐temporal rental changes are then examined using the hierarchical metho.
When Waiting is not an Option : Learning Options with a Deliberation Cost

Recent work has shown that temporally extended actions (options) can be learned fully end-to-end as opposed to being specified in advance. While the problem of how to learn options is increasingly well understood, the question of what good options should be has remained elusive. We formulate our answer to what good options should be in the bounded rationality framework (Simon, 1957) through the notion of deliberation cost. We then derive practical gradient-based learning algorithms to implement this objective. Our results in the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE) show increased performance and interpretability.
Clinical research: remote magnetic navigation vs. manually controlled catheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias a retrospective study

Aims Remote magnetic navigation (RMN) is an alternative to manual catheter control (MCC) radiofrequency ablation of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) arrhythmias. The data to support RMN approach is limited. We aimed to investigate the clinical and procedural outcomes in a cohort of patients undergoing RVOT premature ventricular complex/ventricular tachycardia (PVCs/VT) ablation procedures using RMN vs. MCC. Methods and results Data was collected from two centres. Eighty-nine consecutive RVOT PVCs/VT ablation procedures were performed in 75 patients; RMN: 42 procedures and MCC: 47 procedures. CARTOXPTM or CARTO3 (Biosense Webster) was used for endocardial mapping in 19/42 (45%) in RMN group and 28/47 (60%) in MCC group; EnSiteTM NavXTM (St. Jude Medical) was used in the rest of the cohort. Stereotaxis platform (Stereotaxis Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for RMN approach. Procedural time was 113 ± 53 min in the RMN group and 115 ± 69 min in MCC (P = 0.90). Total fluoroscopic time was 10.9 ± 5.8 vs. 20.5 ± 13.8 (P < 0.05) and total ablation energy application time 7.0 ± 4.7 vs 11.9 ± 16 (P = 0.67) accordingly. There were two complications in RMN group and five in MCC (P = 0.43). Acute procedural success rate was 80% in RMN vs. 74% in MCC group (P = 0.46). After a median follow-up of 25 months (interquartile range 13-34), the success rate remained 55% in the RMN group and 53% in MCC (P = 0.96). Conclusion Right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmia ablations were performed using half of fluoroscopic times with Stereotaxis platform RMN compared to manual approach. Acute and chronic success rates as well as complication rates were not significantly different.
Ownership structure and firm value in Brazil

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm value, modeling the ownership structure as an endogenous and multi-dimensional variable. For this purpose, the model developed by Demsetz and Villalonga (2001) is applied to a sample of Brazilian firms listed in Bovespa between 2006 and 2008. The results show that firm value can affect the concentration of ownership structure, but not vice-versa. But an extended model, which added the deviation between the concentration of control and cash flow rights, indicates that ownership structure can affect firm value when there is potential for expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders.
Measuring Efficiency and Risk in the Major Bond Markets

in returns and deviations from 'efficiency' which are common across the major bond markets. Another study of bond returns requires some justification; hundreds, perhaps thousands, of studies of the term structure of interest rates and of the yield curve exist (for recent reviews of this huge literature see Melino (1988) and Shiller and McCulloch (1990)). Tests of the predictability of excess returns on bonds (ie tests of market 'efficiency'), of the expectations theory of the term structure of interest rates, of excess volatility of bond prices and of the sensitivity of yields to news abound. Evidence against the expectations theory, under which long term yields reflect expectations of future short term rates, and against the efficient markets theory, under which excess returns are unpredictable, has been presented in several recent papers. ' These results are important because they suggest that the market for government bonds does not work in the way which textbooks suggest. In particular long yields do not seem to be closely related to rational expectations of future short rates and yields appear to display excessive short term volatility. There are several features of this recent literature which are noteworthy and which motivate this study. First, the results are predominantly for US bills and bonds, though comparative evidence from European markets is sometimes presented (see Cutler, Poterba and Summers (1990)). Detailed, multi-country studies of bond markets are relatively rare, exceptions being Mankiw (1986) and Bisignano (1987). In this paper we assess whether results suggestive of inefficiencies in the US bond market (Singleton (1980), Cutler, Poterba and Summers (1989)) are robust and whether there exists similar evidence for the major European, Canadian and Japanese markets. Second, the data used in recent studies come from a variety of sources and various approximations to exact returns are used. This can make it hard to assess results, especially for cross country comparisons. Bisignano, for example, uses yield data which for most of the countries he considers are derived from estimated models of the yield curve; it is not data on actual bond yields and the models of the yield curve used to derive yields for different bonds vary greatly. Campbell and Shiller
Extreme Adaptation for Personalized Neural Machine Translation

Every person speaks or writes their own flavor of their native language, influenced by a number of factors: the content they tend to talk about, their gender, their social status, or their geographical origin. When attempting to perform Machine Translation (MT), these variations have a significant effect on how the system should perform translation, but this is not captured well by standard one-size-fits-all models. In this paper, we propose a simple and parameter-efficient adaptation technique that only requires adapting the bias of the output softmax to each particular user of the MT system, either directly or through a factored approximation. Experiments on TED talks in three languages demonstrate improvements in translation accuracy, and better reflection of speaker traits in the target text.
The Determinants of Early Age Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Brazil

It is now widely acknowledged that the low human capital base is the most serious developmental constraint in developing countries.1 Investments in child schooling add to the stock of human capital and therefore to future income and living standards for society as a whole and among subgroups of the population. Families invest in children's education for many reasons, among them the expectation that education will increase the child's future earnings. Governments also invest in education in order to raise the skill level of the labor force and, hence, to increase worker productivity and income in society at large. Thus, the analysis of the determinants of investment in schooling among different subgroups in the population and levels of education attained are of major concern for policymakers. This study explores the effects of several economic, demographic, social, and regional factors on the educational attainment of Brazilian children between the ages of 7 and 14 years. In particular, it examines the determinants of school participation, grade attainment, and dropping out of school. The data came from the 3% public use national sample of the 1980 Brazilian Population Census containing 3,526,000 individuals in 808,000 households.2 Out of this large data base a random subsample was drawn of 200,000 individuals in 40,000 households, selected so as to represent all Brazilian states and urban and rural areas. From this latter subsample we obtained a subset of 23,700 children aged 7 to 14 to whom we matched their parental and household data. The following section gives some background information on Brazil. Section III describes in more detail the sample used in this analysis. Section IV focuses on the determinants of school participation. Section V examines the impact of household and regional charac-
Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: the Slone survey.

CONTEXT Data on the range of prescription and over-the-counter drug use in the United States are not available. OBJECTIVE To provide recent population-based information on use of all medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins and minerals, and herbal preparations/natural supplements in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Ongoing telephone survey of a random sample of the noninstitutionalized US population in the 48 continental states and the District of Columbia; data analyzed here were collected from February 1998 through December 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Use of medications, by type, during the preceding week, compared by demographic characteristics. RESULTS Among 2590 participants aged at least 18 years, 81% used at least 1 medication in the preceding week; 50% took at least 1 prescription drug; and 7% took 5 or more. The highest overall prevalence of medication use was among women aged at least 65 years, of whom 12% took at least 10 medications and 23% took at least 5 prescription drugs. Herbals/supplements were taken by 14% of the population. Among prescription drug users, 16% also took an herbal/supplement; the rate of concurrent use was highest for fluoxetine users, at 22%. Reasons for drug use varied widely, with hypertension and headache mentioned most often (9% for each). Vitamins/minerals were frequently used for nonspecific reasons such as "health" (35%); herbals/supplements were also most commonly used for "health" (16%). CONCLUSIONS In any given week, most US adults take at least 1 medication, and many take multiple agents. The substantial overlap between use of prescription medications and herbals/supplements raises concern about unintended interactions. Documentation of usage patterns can provide a basis for improving the safety of medication use.
Mapping organisational innovation – multidisciplinary perspective

Review of extant literature on topics related to innovation, organisational innovation and allied areas seems to suggest that cognition culture and motivation are some of the key aspects that stimulate innovation within the organisation. The aim of this study was to examine the role and interrelationships of cognition, culture and motivation to stimulate innovation within organisations. It presents a framework that enables the organisation to propagate and enhance the dynamics of innovation. The proposed framework may also be used as a tool for more detail exploration of the innovation within organisations.
Between market and merit: How unequal should incomes be?

The distribution of the benefits from co-operation represents one of the central problems of distributive justice. At the core of my thesis stands an argument based on the division of labour in our society that calls for an equal division of these benefits. This line of reasoning avoids the shortcomings of the two traditional approaches pursued by those who are critical of income inequalities, namely egalitarians and their more sophisticated cousins, liberal egalitarians. Straightforward egalitarianism, I suggest, turns out to be a default position once other considerations, like choice or merit, are taken into account. My disagreement with the liberal egalitarian centres on the question whether the scope of justice should encompass natural and social contingencies like talent or family background. I argue that the impact of these endowment factors on income distribution, though undeniable, is small compared to the influence of the market system in distributing income. This position also puts me at odds with libertarians, who accept the normative authority of the market distribution. Enter the argument from division of labour. The specialisation it entails leads to a surge in individual productivity and a substantial surplus compared to the counterfactual situation of autarky. On the plausible assumption that the interdependence between the parties to the division of labour is mutual, there is a case for dividing the surplus equally. This argument, so my claim goes, severely limits the scope of the central libertarian tenet of self-ownership. In practice, surplus is produced and distributed at various levels of co-operation; my focus lies on the economy as a whole, the firms that operate in it, and the insights from imperfect competition about the connection between these two levels. I close with some considerations about the transformation of unjust distributive structures.Political Philosophy
­­­­Knee replacement survival rates with all- polyethylene or metal-backed tibial components – what do the Registries say?

Background: With increasing numbers of primary total knee arthroplasty and ongoing economic pressure the use of all-polyethylene tibial components maybe an alternative option to achieve cost savings without an adverse impact on outcomes Methods: A search of all publically available joint replacement registry data investigated the performance of all-polyethylene tibial components compared to metal backed modular tibial components. Results: All-polyethylene tibial components were used in 0.47% of Australian and 1.2% of England and Wales national register reported knees. 2.6% of Norwegian fixed platform knees were all-polyethylene. Large institutional registers from the United States of America reported usage rates of 4%, 8.3% and 8.9%. Revision rates for all-polyethylene implants were comparable or better than modular components in all registries. Only one registry had sufficient data on patients aged less than 65 years who report a hazard ratio of 0.26. Conclusion: In patients 65 years and older all polyethylene tibial components have similar rates of revision compared to metal backed. There is insufficient data in younger patients.
Abnormal expression of the KLF8 (ZNF741) gene in a female patient with an X;autosome translocation t(X;21)(p11.2;q22.3) and non-syndromic mental retardation

Non-syndromic X linked mental retardation (MRX) is a heterogeneous group of conditions in which all patients have mental retardation as the only constant phenotypic feature. We have identified a female patient with mental retardation and a balanced translocation involving chromosomes X and 21, t(X;21)(p11.2;q22.3). Physical mapping of the translocation breakpoint on the human X chromosome was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. We have mapped the X chromosome breakpoint to a 21 kb DNA fragment upstream of the first exon of the KLF8 (ZNF741) gene in Xp11.21. We have subsequently shown that the KLF8 transcript is no longer detected in cells from the patient, although KLF8 expression is otherwise normally present in control lymphoblasts. Mutation screening of probands from 20 unrelated XLMR families linked to the proximal short arm of the human X chromosome failed to show any mutation in the coding region of the KLF8 gene.
The Knowledge City Concept—The Ideal Conditions of a Knowledge City

The purpose of this thesis is to look into the knowledge city concept and the preferences and requirements of companies on such a city. Furthermore, suggestions of ideal conditions in a knowledge city are proposed. The thesis has been conducted through a qualitative approach where a deductive procedure has been implemented. In order to examine knowledge cities, Barcelona has sketchily been looked at as an early example of a knowledge city, whereas a more exhaustive observation of Copenhagen was conducted. Since the concept of knowledge cities is a rather new phenomenon, models from several disciplines constitute the theoretical framework. Such areas are knowledge management, sociology, intellectual capital, and organizational theories. The empirical data was gathered through personal interviews as well as telephone and electronic mail interviews with respondents having expert knowledge of the phenomenon or having affiliation to companies and municipalities. The majority of the participants in the empirical context had most comments and opinions on the societal key success factor. All respondents did in a credible way label the human resources as the main requirement characterizing a prominent knowledge city. This is possibly because human resources in an exceptionally direct manner influence the performance of knowledge-intensive firms—the creative and innovative power embedded in humans is essential to these firms.
Electing Women to the Dáil: Gender Cues and the Irish Voter

At no time in history has the number of women elected to Dáil Éireann surpassed 14 per cent of the total membership. In spite of significant social changes, the use of a proportional electoral system and no obvious bias among voters, the number of female TDs remains stubbornly low by international standards. This paper examines why, if the prospects for women's election are relatively good, so few women end up in public office. Using both aggregate and survey data, the issues of incumbency advantage, the electorate's attitudes and the candidates' differing experiences of the political process are explored. The evidence suggests that, all else equal, female candidates have as good a chance of being elected as their male counterparts, and the real difficulties in achieving equitable representation lie elsewhere, in the candidate emergence and nomination stages of the election game.
Time-Varying Rare Disaster Risk and Stock Returns

This study provides empirical support for theoretical models that allow for time-varying rare disaster risk. Using a database of 447 international political crises during the period 1918-2006, we create a crisis index that shows substantial variation over time. Changes in this crisis index, our proxy for changes in perceived disaster probability, have a large impact on both the mean and volatility of world stock market returns. Crisis risk is positively correlated with the earnings-price ratio and the dividend yield. Cross-sectional tests also show that crisis risk is priced: Industries that are more crisis risk sensitive yield higher returns.
Factors in disproportionate representation among persons recommended by programs and accepted by courts for jail diversion.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the decision-making process related to enrollment in jail diversion programs for people with mental illness. The examination explored the activities of diversion programs and courts related to determinations of whether individuals were appropriate for diversion: activities included jail screenings, clinical and criminal justice assessments, psychiatric evaluations, and court reviews of diversion plans. Factors associated with program recommendation decisions and court acceptance decisions were also examined. METHODS The study included data from a multisite, federally funded jail diversion initiative. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to determine which factors influenced both program and court decision making. RESULTS A total of 34,832 activities resulted in a program decision regarding diversion eligibility (N=32,917) or a court decision regarding acceptance of the diversion plan (N=1,915). Compared with the national arrestee population, those referred for diversion had a greater proportion of women, whites, and older persons and a lower proportion of persons with felony and violence charges. Regression analyses indicated that women and persons with nonviolent and nonfelony charges were more likely to be recommended for diversion by programs. These decisions were also influenced by interactions between legal and nonlegal factors. Individuals with nonfelony offenses were more likely to be accepted by the courts. CONCLUSIONS One major finding is the large number of front-end activities required to enroll a small number of jail diversion participants. A second finding is that disproportionate representation occurs early in the decision-making process. Both formal and informal factors influenced decision making. Overall the results suggest that jail diversion programs should examine their decision-making processes to ensure that all appropriate individuals are included in jail diversion.
How Does Exchange Rate Uncertainty interact with International Trade? A Meta-Analysis Revisited

Several factors have been highlighted to explain the controversial effect of exchange rate uncertainty on international trade. However, the empirical evidence is rather mixed. The main focus of this paper is to reconcile the apparently conflicting results from 59 studies published between 1984 and 2014. We found that the interaction between the two variables is likely to be ambiguous when measured in real rather than in nominal terms, when using “naive models” rather than GARCH extensions as volatility measurement and when less developed countries are considered. Intuitively, the lack of clearer evidence may be also attributed to the scarcity of studies addressing the robustness of this relationship along several econometric methods and to the fact that neither the exchange rate policy nor the trade policy can be designed without considering regulatory and instrumental factors, which are unfortunately excluded in the majority of researches. To find better paths, further researches should focus on the new methods based on additional variables such as institutional quality proxies and financial development indicators.