Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Shifting Stage of Politics: New Medieval and Postmodern Territorialities?

With intensified globalization, and more specifically European integration, the ground is shifting under established political institutions, practices, and concepts. The European Union (EU), however, is usually conceived in traditional ‘realist’ or ‘functionalist’ terms which obscure the possibility that distinctly new political forms arc emerging; or, alternatively, some self-styled ‘postmodernists’ speculate implausably about a ‘Europe of the regions’ replacing the ‘Europe of states’. In contrast, I argue for ‘new medieval’ and ‘postmodern’ conceptualizations of territoriality and sovereignty, which recognize that geographic space is becoming more complex and ‘relative’: Conventional political concepts based on ‘absolute’ space are increasingly problematic for understanding the political complexities of contemporary globalization. Here ‘postmodernity’ may mean something different from what some postmodernists think it means: not, for instance, a federalized ‘United States of Europe’ where regions and regionalism replace nations and nationalism, nor simply an intergovernmental arrangement of sovereign states, but something quite distinct—‘arrested federalization’ and an ‘intermediate’ arrangement distinct in its own right rather than ‘transitional’. In this paper I sketch transformations of sovereignty from ‘medieval to modern’, and from the ‘modern’ to the allegedly ‘postmodern’. I focus on the ‘unbundling’ of territorial sovereignty, which has reputedly gone furthest in the EU. However, even here the process is partial and selective, with globalization affecting different state activities unevenly. Contemporary configurations of political space are a complex mixture of new and old forms, the latter continuing to exist rather than being tidily removed to clear the ground for new politics. The EU itself is still territorial, and in many respects traditional conceptions of sovereignty remain dominant, whether exercised by the member states or by the EU as a whole. Moreover there are problems both with the elusive notion of postmodern, and with the historical analogies of new medievalism. Nevertheless, despite problems and qualifications, these concepts are useful for exploring the possibility of radical transformations, not just with respect to the ‘actors’ of global and local politics, but to the space–time of the ‘stage’ on which they operate.
The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics

Introduction: Bill Moore's Body 1. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness 2. Law and Order: Civil Rights Laws and White Privilege 3. Immigrant Labor and Identity Politics 4. Whiteness and War 5. White Fear: O.J. Simpson and the Greatest Story Ever Sold 6. White Desire: Remembering Robert Johnson 7. Lean on Me: Beyond Identity Politics 8. "Swing Low, Sweet Cadillac": Antiblack Racism and White Identity 9. "Frantic to Join.the Japanese Army": Beyond the Black-White Binary 10. California: The Mississippi of the 1990s Notes Acknowledgments Index
Inquiry in science education: International perspectives

This paper set emerged from an international symposium that aimed to shed light on issues associated with the enactment of inquiry both as means (i.e., inquiry as an in- structional approach) and as ends (i.e., inquiry as a learning outcome) in precollege science classrooms. The symposium contributors were charged with providing perspectives from
Boredom Proneness and the Need for Cognition

Abstract The effect of need for cognition on boredom proneness scores among 214 undergraduates was investigated using the short form of the Need For Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984) and Farmer and Sundberg′s (1986) Boredom Proneness Scale. As predicted, the results showed that individuals low in need for cognition possessed greater boredom proneness scores. That is, individuals who were less likely to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities were more prone to experience the negative affect of boredom when compared to high need-for-cognition persons. It appears that individuals who are more inclined to provide their own stimulation are more apt to escape the negative experiences of boredom. Implications of these findings, gender differences among boredom proneness and need for cognition, and areas for future research are discussed.
VIDEO REALISTIC TALKING HEADS USING HIERARCHICAL NON-LINEAR SPEECH-APPEARANCE MODELS

In this paper we present an audio driven system capable of videorealistic synthesis of a speaker uttering novel phrases. The audio input signal requires no phonetic labelling and is speaker independent. The system requires only a small training set of video and produces fully co-articulated realistic facial synthesis. Natural mouth and face dynamics are learned in training to allow new facial poses, unseen in the training video, to be rendered. To improve specificity and synthesis quality the appearance of a speakerâ€™s mouth and face are modelled separately and combined to produce the final video. To achieve this we have developed a novel approach which utilizes a hierarchical and non-linear PCA model which couples speech and appearance. The model is highly compact making it suitable for a wide range of real-time applications in multimedia and telecommunications using standard hardware.
‘Trusting’ schools to meet the academic needs of African‐American students? Suburban mothers’ perspectives

According to Tschannen‐Moran, ‘Principals and teachers need to build trusting relationships with students and parents in order to accomplish their essential goal of fostering student achievement and equipping students for citizenship. ’ In the context of organizational trust, this study explored such relationships with six, middle‐class African‐American mothers. The mothers openly and honestly shared their thoughts regarding the suburban public education system’s ability to adequately partner with them in building the reciprocal trusting relationships necessary to promote school performance and better meet the academic needs of their sons and daughters.
The Invention and Institutionalization of Volunteer Centers

This article presents and explains differences in governmental implementation strategies of volunteer centers in Norway and Denmark. In the first part, we describe the emergence of centers, focusing on shifting policies and governmental initiatives. The second part aims at explaining the observed variations. First, we found that the functions of the centers were strongly affected by centralistic trends in Danish social policy in contrast to a broader acceptance of local welfare variations in Norway. Second, we found that Danish centers managed to establish a national umbrella organization, while the Norwegian centers lacked a national coordinating unit. Third, an independent legal form in which local associations are members may have helped Danish centers bring about a sense of local ownership. In Norway, volunteer centers had weak ties to other local voluntary associations and were at times perceived as a threat to them.
Developing Future Women Leaders: The Importance of Mentoring and Role Modeling in the Girls’ School Context

In this article, I explore the concepts of mentoring and role modeling with regard to developing student leaders within the girls’ school context. The foundation for this discussion lies in two qualitative studies involving staff and students from girls’ schools located in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Both survey and focus groups were used as methods of data collection. Mentoring and role modeling in school settings is reported in this study as taking place in two different forms: student/student and staff/student. This research identified the multidimensional nature of these relationships with regard to female school staff who then became role models for female students. Ultimately, mentoring and role modeling may help female students in developing the knowledge and skills required for leadership as well as assisting in an understanding of gender barriers in relation to leadership roles.
Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse transfer of mechanical energy between body segments during the glide shot put. A group of eight elite throwers from the Polish National Team was analysed in the study. Motion analysis of each throw was recorded using an optoelectronic Vicon system composed of nine infrared camcorders and Kistler force plates. The power and energy were computed for the phase of final acceleration of the glide shot put. The data were normalized with respect to time using the algorithm of the fifth order spline and their values were interpolated with respect to the percentage of total time, assuming that the time of the final weight acceleration movement was different for each putter. Statistically significant transfer was found in the study group between the following segments: Right Knee – Right Hip (p = 0.0035), Left Hip - Torso (p = 0.0201), Torso – Right Shoulder (p = 0.0122) and Right Elbow – Right Wrist (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis showed that the kinetic chain used during the final shot acceleration movement had two different models. Differences between the groups were revealed mainly in the energy generated by the hips and trunk.
Prevalence of Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus among Inpatients and Outpatients in the United States during 2000

Recent reports documenting community-acquired infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are cause for concern ([1][1], [8][2]). However, not all MRSA infections detected within the community were acquired there. In recent years, healthcare practices have shifted MRSA-
The impact of interdependence on performance evaluations: the mediating role of discomfort with performance appraisal

This study investigates the link between interdependence, discomfort with conducting performance appraisal and subsequent evaluation tendency. Interdependence, an individual-level cultural value, was hypothesized to be related to discomfort, which, in turn, was expected to be related to evaluation leniency. Our results indicate a positive relationship between interdependence and evaluation leniency. Moreover, the data collected also confirmed the mediating role of discomfort in this relationship. These results highlight the impact that cultural background can have on performance appraisals. We discuss the implications of these results for performance appraisal and propose future areas of research on how other cultural aspects can influence evaluators discomfort and subsequent evaluations.
Neural Signatures of Semantic and Phonemic Fluency in Young and Old Adults

As we age, our ability to select and to produce words changes, yet we know little about the underlying neural substrate of word-finding difficulties in old adults. This study was designed to elucidate changes in specific frontally mediated retrieval processes involved in word-finding difficulties associated with advanced age. We implemented two overt verbal (semantic and phonemic) fluency tasks during fMRI and compared brain activity patterns of old and young adults. Performance during the phonemic task was comparable for both age groups and mirrored by strongly left-lateralized (frontal) activity patterns. On the other hand, a significant drop of performance during the semantic task in the older group was accompanied by additional right (inferior and middle) frontal activity, which was negatively correlated with performance. Moreover, the younger group recruited different subportions of the left inferior frontal gyrus for both fluency tasks, whereas the older participants failed to show this distinction. Thus, functional integrity and efficient recruitment of left frontal language areas seems to be critical for successful word retrieval in old age.
Instruments, Randomization, and Learning about Development

There is currently much debate about the effectiveness of foreign aid and about what kind of projects can engender economic development. There is skepticism about the ability of econometric analysis to resolve these issues or of development agencies to learn from their own experience. In response, there is increasing use in development economics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to accumulate credible knowledge of what works, without overreliance on questionable theory or statistical methods. When RCTs are not possible, the proponents of these methods advocate quasi-randomization through instrumental variable (IV) techniques or natural experiments. I argue that many of these applications are unlikely to recover quantities that are useful for policy or understanding: two key issues are the misunderstanding of exogeneity and the handling of heterogeneity. I illustrate from the literature on aid and growth. Actual randomization faces similar problems as does quasi-randomization, notwithstanding rhetoric to the contrary. I argue that experiments have no special ability to produce more credible knowledge than other methods, and that actual experiments are frequently subject to practical problems that undermine any claims to statistical or epistemic superiority. I illustrate using prominent experiments in development and elsewhere. As with IV methods, RCT-based evaluation of projects, without guidance from an understanding of underlying mechanisms, is unlikely to lead to scientific progress in the understanding of economic development. I welcome recent trends in development experimentation away from the evaluation of projects and toward the evaluation of theoretical mechanisms. (JEL C21, F35, O19)
Career and Romantic Relationship Goals and Concerns During Emerging Adulthood

This study examined emerging adults’ personal goals and concerns in the domains of career (including education, work, and financial issues) and romantic relationship. A particular focus was on goal and concern hierarchies, that is, individuals’ profiles of goals and concerns. A total of 1,052 Finnish emerging adults (63% female) were followed at ages 20 and 23. Latent class analyses yielded goal and concern profiles that were primarily related to career, whereas romantic relationships were less central in individuals’ goal and concern hierarchies. Career and romantic relationship goals and concerns were associated with life status in these domains, especially prioritizing career goals and concerns predicted being in education and/or employment. Our findings suggest that given the diversity of goals and concerns in emerging adulthood, it is crucial to take a holistic approach and investigate the interdependences and prioritizations among different career and romantic relationship goals and concerns.
Large deviations for the contact process in random environment

The asymptotic shape theorem for the contact process in random environment gives the existence of a norm $\mu$ on $\Rd$ such that the hitting time $t(x)$ is asymptotically equivalent to $\mu(x)$ when the contact process survives. We provide here exponential upper bounds for the probability of the event $\{\frac{t(x)}{\mu(x)}\not\in [1-\epsilon,1+\epsilon]\}$; these bounds are optimal for independent random environment. As a special case, this gives the large deviation inequality for the contact process in a deterministic environment, which, as far as we know, has not been established yet.
No Space – New Blood and the Production of Brand Culture Colonies

We consider the potential impact of critical texts published outside the marketing academy upon the new generation of marketing lecturers by focussing on Naomi Klein's influential No Logo and her claims regarding the colonisation of musical spaces. Noting that the text has an insider/outsider relationship with marketing scholarship, we subject the ideas presented by Klein for review through empirical investigation. Specifically, we explore her concept of No Space whereby branding processes insidiously saturate and ultimately dominate cultural production and in so doing, contextualise her claims through a study of professional musicians. We conclude the piece by reflecting upon the growing gap between marketing practice and marketing scholarship and also the implications for the so-called New Blood of the academy.
Configuration Management for Open Source Software

Any organisation that produces high quality software merits a closer analysis of their methods such that good techniques can be transferred to other organisations. Open Source Software projects is such a case. We make explicit their underlying process for handling change management and analyse to what extent their success can be attributed to good process, tools or people. Furthermore, we discuss to what degree lessons learned from OSS can be transferred to more traditional ways of developing software.
The mammalian myotome: a muscle with no innervation

SUMMARY The segmented muscular myotome is the first muscle to form in all vertebrates. In fish and amphibian embryos, the myotome becomes innervated very early and is essential for larval swimming. Its role in birds and mammals, however, is not clear. Using immunohistochemistry on sections and whole mounts of rat embryos, we demonstrate that the mammalian myotome differentiates and develops over a period of 3 days without being invaded by the outgrowing spinal nerves. In contrast, the limb muscle masses become filled with fine nerve branches from the first time that myocyte differentiation can be detected. Additionally, we show that the mammalian myotome does not express clustered acetylcholine receptors until after embryonic day 13.5, which corresponds to the beginning of its transformation into the adult epaxial muscles, showing that there are no functional myotomal neuromuscular junctions before this age. We suggest that the mammalian myotome has entirely lost the function of neurally controlled muscular contraction: its remaining functions are likely to be as a signaling tissue, as a structural scaffold, and as an incubator for myogenic precursors of the deep back, abdominal, and intercostal muscles.
Modifier Attachment in Sentence Parsing: Evidence from Dutch

Current theories of parsing suggest a wide variety of mechanisms by which modifiers, such as relative clauses, may be related to constituents that offer more than one potential attachment site. Some, like the tuning hypothesis, are based on the premise that people's parsing performance is shaped by prior exposure to language. Others (e.g. garden-path theory and construal theory) play down any potential role of past linguistic experience, stressing instead the varying influences of structural characteristics of the sentence in question. The two views encourage differing expectations about cross-linguistic variation in parsing preference. A questionnaire study and two on-line experiments were carried out to investigate attachment preferences in Dutch. The results pose a number of problems for the majority of the existing parsing models and are clearly inconsistent with some of the traditional theories. In contrast, the findings are compatible with models incorporating parsing mechanisms that are tuned by language experience. The results highlight the need for further corpus studies to subject these accounts to more searching scrutiny.
Homework Motivation and Preference: A Learner-Centered Homework Approach

Students, teachers, counselors, and parents are all important in determining the degree to which homework is effective in meeting its goals. Teachers assign homework, parents provide the environment in which it is done, and students—each with a unique profile of motivation and preference for learning—do the homework. It is a challenge for everyone involved to cooperate, share information about children's homework motivation and preferences, and develop strategies to be used at school and at home to attain a better match between what the child likes to do and has to do when learning. This article—prepared to assist teachers, parents, and counselors to meet this challenge—describes a conceptual homework model and a technique of assessing homework motivation and preferences based on the model. Intervention strategies for how to use this knowledge to make students' homework performance more effective and enjoyable are suggested.
Promoting Favorable Attitudes Toward Personnel Surveys: The Role of Follow-Up

Periodic command climate assessments and other such surveys are typical in most military organizations. In today's era of dwindling response rates, empirical guidance is needed for leaders and practitioners attempting to understand the factors that affect personnel's attitudes toward surveys and their intentions to complete recurrent questionnaires. The present study addressed this problem by assessing 236 military and civilian workers' reactions to a recurring command climate survey. As hypothesized, personnel who witnessed data feedback, problem identification, and survey-based action after the administration of the survey were particularly inclined to deem the survey useful. Moreover, personnel considered action more important than feedback when evaluating the survey's utility. By shaping perceptions of survey usefulness, awareness of follow-up actions impacted intentions to complete future questionnaires. Overall, the results of this study document the importance of visible, post-survey actions and highlight the repercussions of failing to adequately communicate survey-based change initiatives to the workforce.
Aggregate Interference in Secondary Access with Interference Protection

This paper presents a derivation of the probability distribution function (pdf) of the aggregate interference in a secondary access network where multiple secondary users cause interference to a single primary user. The derivation considers a practical interference protection mechanism that the transmission of each secondary user is regulated by an interference threshold. Analytic pdf of the interference from a secondary user is obtained. Then, the distribution of the aggregate interference is approximated based on its cumulants. The derived pdf shows a good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation.
Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications

Foreword - Kenneth A Bollen Preface - Rick H Hoyle The Structural Equation Modeling Approach - Rick H Hoyle Basic Concepts and Fundamental Issues Model Specification - Robert C MacCallum Procedures, Strategies, and Related Issues Estimates and Tests in Structural Equation Modeling - Chih-Ping Chou and Peter M Bentler Structural Equation Models with Nonnormal Variables - Stephen G West, John F Finch and Patrick J Curran Problems and Remedies Evaluating Model Fit - Li-tze Hu and Peter M Bentler Statistical Power in Structural Equation Modeling - David Kaplan Objectivity and Reasoning in Science and Structural Equation Modeling - Stanley A Mulaik and Lawrence R James One Application of Structural Equation Modeling from Two Perspectives - Barbara M Byrne Exploring the EQS and LISREL Strategies Writing about Structural Equation Models - Rick H Hoyle and Abigail T Panter Latent Variable Models for Multitrait-Multimethod Data - Herbert W Marsh and David Grayson Sex-Race Differences in Social Support and Depression in Older Low-Income Adults - Jane A Scott-Lennox and Richard D Lennox Modeling the Relation of Personality Variables to Symptom Complaints - Jay G Hull, Judith C Tedlie and Daniel A Lehn The Unique Role of Negative Affectivity Predictors of Change in Antisocial Behavior during Elementary School for Boys - Mike Stoolmiller, Terry E Duncan and Gerald Patterson