Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The stable magnetic field of the fully convective star V374 Peg

We report in this paper phase-resolved spectropolarimetric observations of the rapidly rotating fully convective M4 dwarf V374 Peg, on which a strong, mainly axisymmetric, large-scale poloidal magnetic field was recently detected. In addition to the original data set secured in 2005 August, we present here new data collected in 2005 September and 2006 August. From the rotational modulation of unpolarized line profiles, we conclude that star-spots are present at the surface of the star, but their contrast and fractional coverage are much lower than those of non-fully convective active stars with similar rotation rate. Applying tomographic imaging on each set of circularly polarized profiles separately, we find that the large-scale magnetic topology is remarkably stable on a time-scale of 1 yr; repeating the analysis on the complete data set suggests that the magnetic configuration is sheared by very weak differential rotation (about 1/10th of the solar surface shear) and only slightly distorted by intrinsic variability. This result is at odds with various theoretical predictions, suggesting that dynamo fields of fully convective stars should be mostly non-axisymmetric unless they succeed at triggering significant differential rotation. Based on observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. E-mail: jmorin@ast.obs-mip.fr (JM); donati@ast.obs-mip.fr (J-FD); thierry.forveille@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr (TF); xavier.delfosse@obs.ujfgrenoble.fr (XD); wolfgang.dobler@ucalgary.ca (WD); petit@ast.obs-mip.fr (PP); mmj@st-andrews.ac. uk (MMJ); acc4@st-andrews.ac. uk (ACC);albert@cfht.hawaii. edu (LA); manset@cfht.hawaii. edu (NM); dintrans@ast.obs-mip.fr (BD); chabrier@ens-lyon.fr (GC); valenti@stsci.edu (JAV)
Shape priors for real-time monocular object localization in dynamic environments

Reconstruction of dynamic objects in a scene is a highly challenging problem in the context of SLAM. In this paper, we present a real-time monocular object localization system that estimates the shape and pose of dynamic objects in real-time, using video frames captured from a moving monocular camera. Although the problem seems to be ill-posed, we demonstrate that, by incorporating prior knowledge of the object category, we can obtain more detailed instance-level reconstructions. As opposed to earlier object model specifications, the proposed shape-prior model leads to the formulation of a Bundle Adjustment-like optimization problem for simultaneous shape and pose estimation. Leveraging recent successes of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for object keypoint localization, we present a CNN architecture that performs precise keypoint localization. We then demonstrate how these keypoints can be used to recover 3D object properties, while accounting for any 2D localization errors and self-occlusion. We show significant performance improvements compared to state-of-the-art monocular competitors for 2D keypoint detection, as well as 3D localization and reconstruction of dynamic objects.
On the Optimality of "Half the Cake" for K-User Rank-Deficient Mk x Mk Interference Channel

By introducing a novel outer bound, we find a sufficient condition for optimality of $\sum_{k=1}^K M_k/2$ degrees of freedom (half the cake per user) for a $K$-user multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel (IC) where the cross-channels have arbitrary rank constraints, and the $k^{th}$ transmitter and receiver are equipped with $M_k$ antennas each. The result consolidates and significantly generalizes results from prior studies by Krishnamurthy et al., of rank-deficient interference channels where all users have $M$ antennas; and by Tang et al., of full rank interference channels where the $k^{th}$ user pair has $M_k$ antennas.
Feature Selection for Neuro-Dynamic Programming

AbstractNeuro-Dynamic Programming encompasses techniques from both reinforcement learn-ing and approximate dynamic programming. Feature selection refers to the choice of basisthat de nes the function class that is required in the application of these techniques.This chapter reviews two popular approaches to neuro-dynamic programming, TD-learning and Q-learning. The main goal of the chapter is to demonstrate how insightfrom idealized models can be used as a guide for feature selection for these algorithms.Several approaches are surveyed, including uid and di usion models, and the applicationof idealized models arising from mean- eld game approximations. The theory is illustratedwith several examples.Keywords: Optimal Control, Stochastic Control, Approximate Dynamic Programming,Reinforcement Learning2000 AMS Subject Classi cation: 49L20, 93E20, 93E35, 60J10 1 Introduction If you have taken a course that mentioned a Riccati equation, then you have already beenexposed to approximate dynamic programming: No physical system is linear! The modelis assumed to be linear, and the cost function is assumed quadratic, so that a closed-formexpression for the optimal feedback law can be computed.In many cases, a linear approximation is not easily justi ed. In particular, in applicationsfrom operations research or chemical engineering, the state space is usually constrained. Toobtain an e ective feedback law for control, we must nd alternative approaches to approxi-mation.Techniques from approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning are de-signed to obtain such approximations [1, 18]. In particular, in TD-learning and relatedapproaches, there is no attempt to approximate the system or cost function. Instead, thesolution to a dynamic programming equation is approximated directly, within a prescribed nite-dimensional function class. A key determinant of the success of these techniques is theselection of this function class, also known as the basis.
Exercise training alleviates MCT1 and MCT4 reductions in heart and skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

We compared the changes in monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) proteins in heart and skeletal muscles in sedentary control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (3 wk) and in trained (3 wk) control and STZ-induced diabetic animals. In nondiabetic animals, training increased MCT1 in the plantaris (+51%; P < 0.01) but not in the soleus (+9%) or the heart (+14%). MCT4 was increased in the plantaris (+48%; P < 0.01) but not in the soleus muscles of trained nondiabetic animals. In sedentary diabetic animals, MCT1 was reduced in the heart (-30%), and in the plantaris (-31%; P < 0.01) and soleus (-26%) muscles. MCT4 content was also reduced in sedentary diabetic animals in the plantaris (-52%; P < 0.01) and soleus (-25%) muscles. In contrast, in trained diabetic animals, MCT1 and MCT4 in heart and/or muscle were similar to those of sedentary, nondiabetic animals (P > 0.05) but were markedly greater than in the sedentary diabetic animals [MCT1: plantaris +63%, soleus +51%, heart +51% (P > 0.05); MCT4: plantaris +107%, soleus +17% (P > 0.05)]. These studies have shown that 1) with STZ-induced diabetes, MCT1 and MCT4 are reduced in skeletal muscle and/or the heart and 2) exercise training alleviated these diabetes-induced reductions.
Impairment-Factor-Based Audiovisual Quality Model for IPTV: Influence of Video Resolution, Degradation Type, and Content Type

This paper presents an audiovisual quality model for IPTV services. The model estimates the audiovisual quality of standard and high definition video as perceived by the user. The model is developed for applications such as network planning and packet-layer quality monitoring. It mainly covers audio and video compression artifacts and impairments due to packet loss. The quality tests conducted for model development demonstrate a mutual influence of the perceived audio and video quality, and the predominance of the video quality for the overall audiovisual quality. The balance between audio quality and video quality, however, depends on the content, the video format, and the audio degradation type. The proposed model is based on impairment factors which quantify the quality-impact of the different degradations. The impairment factors are computed from parameters extracted from the bitstream or packet headers. For high definition video, the model predictions show a correlation with unknown subjective ratings of 95%. For comparison, we have developed a more classical audiovisual quality model which is based on the audio and video qualities and their interaction. Both quality- and impairment-factor-based models are further refined by taking the content-type into account. At last, the different model variants are compared with modeling approaches described in the literature.
The effects of CO2, Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers with and without surface coolant on tooth root surfaces. An in vitro study.

The objective of this study was to compare and contrast the morphologic changes in tooth root surfaces treated in vitro by scaling and root planing followed by irradiation with the Er:YAG laser using air/water surface cooling and the CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers, both with and without surface coolant. The experimental unit consisted of 42 freshly extracted teeth which were divided equally and randomly assigned to the following 7 treatment groups: untreated control, S/RP only, CO2 laser with and without air/water surface cooling, Nd:YAG laser with and without/air water surface cooling, and Er:YAG laser with air/water surface coolant. Specimens treated with CO2 laser irradiation were subjected to energy densities ranging from 100 to 400 J/cm2; those treated with the Nd:YAG from 286 to 1857 J/cm2; and the Er:YAG was used within a range of 20 to 120 J/cm2. The degree of morphologic change following CO2 and Nd:YAG irradiation appeared directly related to energy density but unrelated to the use of surface coolant. Laser induced surface changes included cavitation, globules of melted and resolidified mineral, surface crazing, and production of a superficial char layer. In contrast, the Er:YAG laser produced root surface changes that might be expected from acid etching, i.e., removal of the smear layer and exposure of the collagen matrix. In addition, sharply defined microfractures of the mineralized structure were noted and unlike the CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers, there was no evidence of melting or surface char. Given the parameters of this study, it appears that both the CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers alter the root surface in an undesirable manner. The Er:YAG laser, however, when used at low energy densities shows sufficient potential for root surface modification to warrant further investigation.
Vigor as a Positive Affect at Work: Conceptualizing Vigor, Its Relations with Related Constructs, and Its Antecedents and Consequences

Vigor refers to individuals' feelings that they possess physical strength, emotional energy, and cognitive liveliness, and represents a moderate-intensity affect experienced at work. Though it has been assessed in past research as a mood state, vigor has hardly been the focus of any integrative theoretical treatise. I first provide a description of vigor's conceptual framework and also of past attempts to conceptualize and measure it. Then, a summary of vigor's relations with other attitudinal constructs to which it is related is provided. Next, based on the Conservation of Resources theory, I outline possible antecedents of vigor. Using the Broaden-and-Build theory, the next section depicts proposed consequences of vigor. The two theoretical perspectives are combined to construct a theoretical model describing vigor, its antecedents and consequences. I then suggest several open research questions concerning the study of vigor at work.
Tamm-Horsfall protein or uromodulin: new ideas about an old molecule.

More than 50 years ago, Tamm and Horsfall isolated a mucoprotein from the human urine, and showed that the protein was able to interact and inhibit viral haemagglutination [1,2]. Of interest, the protein was found to be heavily glycosylated, containing up to 30% of its mass in carbohydrates [3]. It was then discovered that the Tamm–Horsfall protein (THP), as it was readily named, was the most abundant protein in normal human urine, with a migration pattern at 90 kDa in SDS–PAGE [4]. In 1985, Muchmore and Decker [5] identified a 85 kDa glycoprotein in the urine of pregnant women. The protein was named uromodulin, due to its potent immunosuppressive activity reflecting its ability to inhibit antigen-induced T-cell proliferation and monocyte cytotoxicity in vitro [5]. Besides the molecular mass and the abundance in urine, the characterization of uromodulin revealed a number of resemblances with THP, including a 30% carbohydrate content, a tendency to form aggregates and a significant number of intrachain disulfide bridges [5]. Based on sequence analysis, Pennica et al. [6] later confirmed that uromodulin was indeed THP. For the sake of clarity, we will use the term uromodulin to discuss the THP/ uromodulin protein in this review. Uromodulin: biochemical properties and distribution
Role Stress: A Career Stage Comparison

Based on the premise that the individual's perception of the work roles differs across career stages, several studies have shown that role stress also differs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate if moderating variables like motivation, locus of control, and self-efficacy would also impact stress-outcome relationships differently across career stages. Multiple moderator regression analysis was used to analyze the data collected from respondents belonging to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Tamil Nadu Cadre. The findings of the study indicated a significant difference in the moderating role of the personality variables across career stages. The main implication is that organizations may have to design specific stress intervention programs based on the nature of role stressors experienced in each of the career stages. An effort to strengthen personality variables that act as positive moderators must also be made an integral part of the stress intervention programs.
Education policy as numbers: data categories and two Australian cases of misrecognition

While numbers, data and statistics have been part of the bureaucracy since the emergence of the nation state, the paper argues that the governance turn has seen the enhancement of the significance of numbers in policy. The policy as numbers phenomenon is exemplified through two Australian cases in education policy, linked to the national schooling reform agenda. The first case deals with the category of students called Language Backgrounds Other than English (LBOTE) in Australian schooling policy – students with LBOTE. The second deals with the ‘closing the gap’ approach to Indigenous schooling. The LBOTE case demonstrates an attempt at recognition, but one that fails to create a category useful for policy-makers and teachers in relation to the language needs of Australian students. The Indigenous case of policy misrecognition confirms Gillborn’s analysis of gap talk and its effects; a focus on closing the gap, as with the new politics of recognition, elides structural inequalities and the historical effects of colonisation. With this case, there is a misrecognition that denies Indigenous knowledges, epistemologies and cultural rights. The contribution of the paper to policy sociology is twofold: first in showing how ostensive politics of recognition can work as misrecognition with the potential to deny redistribution and secondly that we need to be aware of the socially constructed nature of categories that underpin contemporary policy as numbers and evidence-based policy.
Articulated antipathies: Political influence on anti-immigrant attitudes

This article examines how political factors influence anti-immigrant attitudes by focusing on political articulation performed by political parties active at the national level in 26 European countries. Multi-level analysis reveals a significant positive association between general party articulation and anti-immigrant attitudes. In particular, it seems to be when traditional right- or left-wing parties articulate that attitudes towards immigrants turn increasingly negative. Left-leaning individuals are particularly influenced when parties belonging to the political left raise these issues, which indicates that the ideological position of the individual functions as a mediating factor in this regard. The results contribute to a broader understanding of the role of political factors and underscore the importance of their inclusion in cross-national studies of anti-immigrant attitudes.
The origin of Pluto's orbit: implications for the

The origin of the highly eccentric, inclined, and resonance-locked orbit of Pluto has long been a puzzle. A possible explanation has been proposed recently which suggests that these extraordinary orbital properties may be a natural consequence of the formation and early dynamical evolution of the outer solar system. A resonance capture mechanism is possible during the clearing of the residual planetesimal debris and the formation of the Oort Cloud of comets by planetesimal mass loss from the vicinity of the giant planets. If this mechanism were in operation during the early history of the planetary system, the entire region between the orbit of Neptune and approximately 50 AU would have been swept by first-order mean motion resonances. Thus, resonance capture could occur not only for Pluto, but quite generally for other trans-Neptunian small bodies. Some consequences of this evolution for the present-day dynamical structure of the trans-Neptunian region are (1) most of the objects in the region beyond Neptune and up to approximately 50 AU exist in very narrow zones located at orbital resonances with Neptune (particularly the 3:2 and the 2:1 resonances); and (2) these resonant objects would have significantly large eccentricities. The distribution of objects in the Kuiper Belt as predicted by this theory is presented here.
The Relationship of Early Family Variables to Children's Subsequent Behavioral Adjustment

Examined the relative strength of the relation between early family functioning variables and subsequent (41/2 years later) child adjustment. Five clusters of family variables were examined: child's gender, life-stress events, child characteristics, maternal characteristics, and spousal support. The criterion variables were mother, father, and teacher ratings of the target child's adjustment. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify the best models for the prediction of child adjustment. No significant models were found when the independent criteria of father- or teacher-rated behavior were used. The models for the prediction of children's total adjustment, conduct disorders, social aggression, attention problems, and anxiety-withdrawal, as rated by the mother, indicated that the early family variables of life stress, child characteristics, and maternal characteristics are key in subsequent child functioning, with spousal support playing an apparently minor role.
Bilingualism and Creativity in Early Childhood

This study examined the possible effect of bilingualism on creativity in nonmathematical and mathematical problem solving among bilingual and monolingual preschoolers. Two groups of children (M age = 71.9 months, SD = 3.6) from the same monolingual kindergartens participated in this study: 15 Russian/Hebrew balanced bilinguals and 16 native Hebrew-speaking monolinguals. All children were administered the Working Memory Test, the Verbal (Semantic) Fluency Test, the Pictorial Multiple Solution Task on general creativity, and the Creating Equal Number Task on mathematical creativity. The results showed that balanced bilingualism has a positive effect on the development of creativity in problem solving, but that the effect differs according to the domain: verbal, general, or mathematical creativity.
Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: Safety and Hypoglycemia Predictors.

BACKGROUND The Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment (ORBIT) study evaluated the safety of basal insulin (BI) in real-world settings in China. METHODS We analyzed 9002 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents from 8 geographic regions and 2 hospital tiers in China who initiated and maintained BI treatment. Body weight and hypoglycemic episodes were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS Age, gender, inpatient/outpatient status, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline and at the end of study, T2D duration, microvascular complications, BI type, combination with insulin secretagogues, self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency, and insulin dosage, all predicted hypoglycemia. BI use generally did not induce significant weight gain (0.02 kg); weight gain with insulin detemir (-0.30 kg) was less than that with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin (0.20 kg) or insulin glargine (0.05 kg). Overall, general hypoglycemia incidence (5.6% vs. 7.7%) and annual event rate (1.6 vs. 1.8) were similar before and after BI initiation, whereas a slight decrease was noted in severe hypoglycemia incidence (0.6%-0.3%) and frequency (0.05-0.03 events/patient-year). The general hypoglycemia rate was lowest with insulin glargine, whereas there was no significant difference in severe hypoglycemia among the three BI groups. Overall, 3.5% of patients had at least one SAE during the study. Most SAEs were found to be unrelated to BI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Real-world BI use, particularly insulin detemir and glargine, was associated with only slight weight gain and low hypoglycemia risk in patients with T2D in China.
Subcutaneous delivery of sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine and primary headache

Subcutaneous sumatriptan is an effective treatment for pain from acute migraine headache, and can be used in patients with known migraine syndrome and in patients with primary headaches when secondary causes have been excluded. In limited comparative trials, subcutaneous sumatriptan performed in a manner comparable with oral eletriptan and intravenous metoclopramide, was superior to intravenous aspirin and intramuscular trimethobenzamide-diphenhydramine, and was inferior to intravenous prochlorperazine for pain relief. The most common side effects seen with subcutaneous sumatriptan are injection site reactions and triptan sensations. As with all triptans, there is a risk of rare cardiovascular events with subcutaneous sumatriptan and its use should be limited to those without known cerebrovascular disease and limited in those with known cardiovascular risk factors and unknown disease status. In studies of patient preference and tolerability, the subcutaneous formulation has a faster time of onset and high rate of efficacy when compared with the oral formulation, but the oral formulation appears to be better tolerated. It is important to consider the needs of the patient, their past medical history, and what aspects of migraine treatment are most important to the patient when considering treatment of acute migraine or primary headache. Subcutaneous sumatriptan is a good first-line agent for the treatment of pain from acute migraine headaches and primary headaches.