Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Power Flow Using Particle Swarm Optimization

2 Abstract: This paper proposes the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to solve Optimal Power Flow with inequality constraints on Line Flow. To ensure secured operation of power system, it i s necessary to keep the line flow within the prescribed MVA limit so that the system operates in normal state. The problem involves non-linear objective function and constraints. Therefore, the population based method like PSO is more suitable than the conventional Linear Programming methods. This approach is applied to a six bus three unit system and the results are compared with results of Linear Programming method for different test cases. The obtained solution proves that the proposed technique is efficient and accurate.
Various Dispersion Compensation Techniques for Optical System: A Survey

Dispersion compensation is the most important feature required in optical fiber communication system because absence of it leads to pulse spreading that causes the output pulses to overlap. If an input pulse is caused to spread such that the rate of change of the input exceeds the dispersion limit of the fiber, the output data will become indiscernible. In this paper various dispersion compensation techniques are discussed likeDispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF), Electronic Dispersion Compensation (EDC), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and digital filters.
Achieving health promotion behaviour change among older Victorians

Partnerships who participated in the project. Historically, healthy ageing has been conceptualised from a purely medical perspective with the focus being on the absence of disease and disease related disability (Crowther, Parker, Achenbaum, Larimore, & Koenig, 2002). Health is now understood to be more complex than the medical perspective suggests; this is exemplified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) declaration that health is defined as " a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity " (World Health Organisation, 1986). Rowe and Kahn's (1997) model of successful ageing is consistent with the WHO declaration. It defines successful ageing as the avoidance of disease and disease-related disability, the maintenance of high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and an active engagement with life; that is, maintaining physical, mental and social health. Crowther and colleagues (2002) have proposed that healthy ageing is also related to a fourth dimension, spiritual health. The promotion of each aspect of health in older age is important to maintain quality of life. The World Health Organisation Ottawa Charter (1986) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realise aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing (World Health Organisation, 1986, pp. 2). Health promotion priorities change for individuals and cohorts as they grow older (Hickey & Stilwell, 1991). Generally as people get older they are confronted with multiple losses of health, independence, roles, possessions, friends and family (McBee, 2003). Hickey and Stilwell (1991) suggest that the goal of health promotion in the elderly should be to prevent the progression of disease and the management of disabilities with the ultimate aim being to allow older people to maintain their functional independence for as long as possible (Hickey & Stilwell, 1991). The health and conditions of older people are very complex, often impacting on an individual's thoughts and feelings as well as physiological mechanisms, and therefore …
The stochastic behaviour of commodity prices

The five essays in this dissertation are all concerned with how commodity price uncertainty affects the valuation of real and financial assets. Focusing on the stochastic process approximating the price process of the commodity, a time-inhomogeneous mean reverting process is suggested and used in the valuation of a pulp mill. Also an analytic approximation and a parameter estimation procedure to a stochastic volatility option-pricing model are developed. Generally, the large valuation differences and hedging errors that occur for different assumptions about the price process indicate the importance of an appropriately specified price process. The dissertation provides examples of this. The question of whether commodity prices are mean reverting or follow a random walk is also studied. Using a large database with close to 300 different commodities, econometric tests favour a random walk. There are very few exceptions. However, when applied to an option pricing model, the time-inhomogeneous mean reverting process gives smaller hedging errors than the traditional Black-Scholes model based on a random walk. The results are therefore inconclusive, although mean reversion seems more predominant than econometric tests reveal.
Alcohol’s Effects on Adolescents

During adolescence, many people begin to experi­ ment with alcohol, yet relatively little is known about alcohol’s effects on this critical stage of development. We do know that early initiation of alcohol use remains one of the most powerful predictors of later alcohol abuse (Grant 1998). We also know that during adolescence changes occur in the regions of the brain involved in modulating drug reinforcement, so it cannot be assumed that factors precipitating alcohol use or abuse are the same in adolescence as in adulthood. Rapidly
Assembly with the NR1 Subunit Is Required for Surface Expression of NR3A-Containing NMDA Receptors

Functional NMDA receptors are heteromultimeric complexes of the NR1 subunit in combination with at least one of the four NR2 subunits (A–D). Coexpression of NR3A, an additional subunit of the NMDA receptor family, modifies NMDA-mediated responses. It is unclear whether NR3A interacts directly with NR1 and/or NR2 subunits and how such association might regulate the intracellular trafficking and membrane expression of NR3A. Here we show that NR3A coassembles with NR1-1a and NR2A to form a receptor complex with distinct single-channel properties and a reduced relative calcium permeability. NR3A associates independently with both NR1-1a and NR2A in the endoplasmic reticulum, but only heteromeric complexes containing the NR1-1a NMDA receptor subunit are targeted to the plasma membrane. Homomeric NR3A complexes or complexes composed of NR2A and NR3A were not detected on the cell surface and are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Coexpression of NR1-1a facilitates the surface expression of NR3A-containing receptors, reduces the accumulation of NR3A subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum, and induces the appearance of intracellular clusters where both subunits are colocalized. Our data demonstrate a role for subunit oligomerization and specifically assembly with the NR1 subunit in the trafficking and plasma membrane targeting of the receptor complex.
The Role of Bank Lending Tightening on Corporate Bond Issuance in the Eurozone

The availability of bank lending and corporate bond markets underwent a drastic change in the eurozone with the break out of the financial crisis. To quantify the relation between the two, this paper empirically tests the role of bank lending tightening on non-financial corporate (NFC) bond issuance in the eurozone. By utilizing a unique data set provided by the ECB Bank Lending Survey, we capture the “pure” credit supply effect on corporate external financing in a sample period of 2003–2013. We find that tightened credit standards positively affect the NFC bond issuance: a 1pp increase in banks reporting considerable tightening on loans leads to around a 7% increase in firms’ bond issuance in the eurozone. The substitution effect is net of the demand for bank lending and robust to factors such as price differentials. The impact of bank credit tightening on firms’ bond issuance is particularly observable in core eurozone countries. This is partially due to the underdeveloped debt capital markets in some countries.
Growth Pattern , Employment , and Income Inequality : T What the Experience T of T Republic of Korea and Taipei , China T Reveals T to the People ’ s Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) achieved rapid economic growth during the last 30 years, but its income distribution has worsened. In contrast, Republic of Korea and Taipei,China experienced high growth for several decades after the 1950s, while managing to keep income inequality low. This paper looks at development experiences of Republic of Korea and Taipei,China in the 1950s–1990s, and concludes that the key to achieving high growth with low inequality in the two economies was the adoption of a growth strategy that promoted development of labor-intensive industries and smalland medium-size enterprises. The creation of large amounts of employment opportunities to absorb rural surplus labor and reduce urban unemployment played a key role in keeping income inequality low. The paper argues that to reduce income inequality in the PRC, the government should shift to a more labor-intensive development strategy, encourage the development of small and medium enterprises, and unify the labor market.
Simple Bit Allocation Algorithms with BER-Constraint for OFDM-Based Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been thoroughly investigated as an enabling technology for future broadband multimedia communication. In this paper, we suggest adaptive bit allocation algorithms that operate in a frequency selective fading channel environment by exploiting channel state information obtained through a feedback channel. The proposed algorithms try to maximize the overall throughput of the system with significantly reduced complexity while guaranteeing that mean bit error rate (BER) of all sub-channels remains below the pre-defined BER threshold. To do that, the first proposed algorithm divides all sub-channels into several groups according to their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The grouping criteria are adaptive to the current channel state and BER constraint. The second algorithm tries to find the appropriate constellation size for each sub-channel. The proposed algorithms were compared with existing algorithms through simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are close to optimum solution with significantly lower complexity.
QoS tradeoffs for guidance, navigation, and control

Future space missions will require onboard autonomy to reduce data, plan activities, and react appropriately to complex dynamic events. Software to support such behaviors is computationally-intensive but must execute with sufficient speed to accomplish mission goals. The limited processing resources onboard spacecraft must be split between the new software and required guidance, navigation, control, and communication tasks. To-date, control-related processes have been scheduled with fixed execution period, then autonomy processes are fit into remaining slack time slots. We propose the use of quality-of-service (QoS) negotiation to explicitly trade off the performance of all processing tasks, including those related to spacecraft control. We characterize controller performance based on exhaustive search and a Lyapunov optimization technique and present results that analytically predict worst-case performance degradation characteristics. The results are illustrated by application to a second-order linear system with a linear state feedback control law.
An Improved Solar Wind Electron Density Model for Pulsar Timing

Variations in the solar wind density introduce variable delays into pulsar timing observations. Current pulsar timing analysis programs only implement simple models of the solar wind, which not only limit the timing accuracy, but can also affect measurements of pulsar rotational, astrometric, and orbital parameters. We describe a new model of the solar wind electron density content which uses observations from the Wilcox Solar Observatory of the solar magnetic field. We have implemented this model into the TEMPO2 pulsar timing package. We show that this model is more accurate than previous models and that these corrections are necessary for high-precision pulsar timing applications.
Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Data on intake of specific carotenoids and breast cancer risk are limited. Furthermore, studies of vitamins A, C, and E in relation to breast cancer risk are inconclusive. We have conducted a large, prospective study to evaluate long-term intakes of these nutrients and breast cancer risk. METHODS We examined, by use of multivariate analysis, associations between intakes of specific carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E , consumption of fruits and vegetables, and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 83234 women (aged 33-60 years in 1980) who were participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Through 1994, we identified 2697 incident cases of invasive breast cancer (784 premenopausal and 1913 postmenopausal). RESULTS Intakes of beta-carotene from food and supplements, lutein/zeaxanthin, and vitamin A from foods were weakly inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Strong inverse associations were found for increasing quintiles of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, total vitamin C from foods, and total vitamin A among premenopausal women with a positive family history of breast cancer. An inverse association was also found for increasing quintiles of beta-carotene among premenopausal women who consumed 15 g or more of alcohol per day. Premenopausal women who consumed five or more servings per day of fruits and vegetables had modestly lower risk of breast cancer than those who had less than two servings per day (relative risk [RR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58-1.02); this association was stronger among premenopausal women who had a positive family history of breast cancer (RR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.13-0.62) or those who consumed 15 g or more of alcohol per day (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.27-1.04). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of fruits and vegetables high in specific carotenoids and vitamins may reduce premenopausal breast cancer risk.
Efficient control of formation flying spacecraft

Several upcoming European and American space missions will be operated using a number of spacecraft flying in formation. The associated scientific challenges are demanding, both with respect to the construction of the spacecraft as well as to the mission design. For instance, energy efficient trajectories and corresponding control laws that enable precision formation flying over long periods of time have to be constructed. The stabilization of the group on its nominal trajectory has to be made robust with respect to failures of individual spacecraft. Correspondingly, robust and efficient inter-spacecraft communication topologies have to be designed. Finally, in view of visionary missions with hundreds of participating microor nano-satellites, geometric configurations have to be found which enable these communication topologies and which scale well with an increasing number of spacecraft. In this contribution we report on our investigations concerning these questions, in particular with respect to the design of energy efficient trajectories and robust communication topologies.
The Effect of Experimental Fusarium Mycotoxicosis on Microbiota Diversity in Porcine Ascending Colon Contents

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of exposure of pigs to the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON), administered together and separately, on the colon microbiota. An experiment was conducted for 42 days on gilts, randomly assigned to four groups and administered either ZEN, DON, ZEN+DON, or a placebo. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, molds, anaerobic Clostridium perfringens, fecal streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined in the contents of the ascending colon. The influence of mycotoxins on the functional diversity of the colonic microbiota was assessed using EcoPlate tests (Biolog). Analysis revealed the predominance of LAB in all groups of pigs. Zearalenone, administered separately and together with DON, was found to have an adverse effect on mesophilic aerobic bacteria, but only after long exposure to this mycotoxin. During the six weeks of the experiment, the concentration of C. perfringens, E. coli, and other bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae was most considerably reduced in the experimental groups exposed to zearalenone, both separately and together with DON. Mycotoxins also affected the functional biodiversity of microorganisms. Both Shannon’s diversity index and the number of catabolized substrates in Biolog plate (the R index) were much higher in the group subjected to mixed mycotoxicosis.
An Efficient Numerical Algorithm for Simulation of MOS Capacitance

A new, computationally efficient method for the numerical evaluation of the equilibrium capacitance of one-dimensional MOS structures is presented. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics for arbitary impurity profiles and interface state distributions can be calculated for temperatures ranging from 50 K to 350 K. Examples of simulated C-V characteristics demonstrate the capability of the computer program MOSCAP using these techniques.
Benchmark of middleware protocols for application and service interaction

A variety of protocols exist, which may be considered as messaging middleware for facilitating application and service interactions in distributed and technologically heterogeneous environments. Standardized candidates include text-based Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) of Web Services (WS) and Instant Messaging Extensions of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In addition, binary-based approaches such as Generic Communications Middleware (GCM) and compression of XML have been proposed. The contribution of this paper is a benchmark and evaluation of SOAP, SIP and GCM as messaging middleware for application and service interaction. In particular protocol overhead, Round-Trip-Time (RTT) and processing latency have been focused on in experiments performed in a Java-based test-bed. The results indicate the optimized performance of the binary approaches, when compared to text-based protocols. More importantly the detailed performance comparison indicates factors contributing to RTT and processing latency, which should be helpful when making technology selections between the protocol candidates. In addition applicability of the protocols is discussed.
Learnable Stroke Models for Example-based Portrait Painting

We present a novel algorithm for stylizing photographs into portrait paintings comprised of curved brush strokes. Rather than drawing upon a prescribed set of heuristics to place strokes, our system learns a ﬂexible model of artistic style by analyzing training data from a human artist. Given a training pair — a source image and painting of that image — a non-parametric model of style is learned by observing the geometry and tone of brush strokes local to image features. A Markov Random Field (MRF) enforces spatial coherence of style parameters. Style models local to facial features are learned using a semantic segmentation of the input face image, driven by a combination of an Active Shape Model and Graph-cut. We evaluate style transfer between a variety of training and test images, demonstrating a wide gamut of learned brush and shading styles.
Anaerobically Grown Escherichia coli Has an Enhanced Mutation Rate and Distinct Mutational Spectra

Oxidative stress is a major cause of mutation but little is known about how growth in the absence of oxygen impacts the rate and spectrum of mutations. We employed long-term mutation accumulation experiments to directly measure the rates and spectra of spontaneous mutation events in Escherichia coli populations propagated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To detect mutations, whole genome sequencing was coupled with methods of analysis sufficient to identify a broad range of mutational classes, including structural variants (SVs) generated by movement of repetitive elements. The anaerobically grown populations displayed a mutation rate nearly twice that of the aerobic populations, showed distinct asymmetric mutational strand biases, and greater insertion element activity. Consistent with mutation rate and spectra observations, genes for transposition and recombination repair associated with SVs were up-regulated during anaerobic growth. Together, these results define differences in mutational spectra affecting the evolution of facultative anaerobes.
Psychophysical Scaling ' "

their helpful criticisms of a preliminary draft of this chapter. A special word of thanks is due Dr. Stevens, u~ho, in addition to discovering seueral errors of fact and a nutnber of stylistic blunders, forced us to reconsider some of our views on various aspects of scaling. His comments coupled wzth our own misgivings resulted in a complete revision oj'the section on magnitude estimation and the addition oj'some new theoretical zclork. Hopefully, this has produced some convergence of vieupoint.
Just One More Episode: Predictors of Procrastination with Television and Implications for Sleep Quality

Sleep experts have raised concern over the effects of electronic media use on sleep. To date, few studies have looked beyond the effects of duration and frequency of media exposure or examined the underlying mechanisms of this association. As procrastinatory media use has been related to lower well-being, we used data from two survey studies (N1 = 821, N2 = 584) to investigate (a) predictors of procrastinatory TV viewing and (b) the link between procrastinatory TV viewing and sleep quality. Findings from both studies indicate that those with a stronger viewing habit, higher TV involvement, and an eveningness preference reported more procrastinatory TV viewing. Procrastinatory TV viewing was related to subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction. This association was fully mediated by perceived stress. As sleep is key for the replenishment of self-control, procrastinators may be setting themselves up to fail at self-regulating, a situation exacerbated by the omnipresence of media in today’s society.