Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Stability of Random Multiple Access With Stochastic Energy Harvesting

In this paper, we consider random access by nodes that have energy harvesting capability. Each node is equipped with both a queue for storing the arriving packets and a battery for storing the harvested energy chunks, where the packet arrival and the energy harvesting events are all modeled as discrete-time stochastic processes. In each time slot, each node attempts to transmit the head-of-the-line packet in the queue with some probability if its battery is non-empty, and each transmission consumes one chunk of energy. Therefore, the transmission by one node is not just limited by the availability of packets in the queue but also by the availability of energy chunks in the battery. In most of related previous work, it was implicitly assumed that there exists unlimited energy for transmission, which is impractical in many distributed systems. In this work, we characterize the exact stability region when a pair of bursty nodes, which are harvesting energy from the environment, are randomly accessing a common receiver. The analysis takes into account the compound effects of multi-packet reception capability at the receiver. The contributions in the paper are twofold. First, we accurately assess the effect of limited, but renewable, energy availability due to harvesting on the stability region by comparing against the case of having unlimited energy. Second, the impact of the finite capacity batteries on the achieved stability region is also quantified.
Linguistic and motor abilities of low‐birthweight children as assessed by parents and teachers at 8 years of age

Linguistic and motor abilities among low‐birthweight 8‐y‐old children in the northern Finland Birth Cohort for 1985‐1986 (n= 9322) were studied using parental and teacher evaluations. The parents of 8370 (90%) and teachers of 8525 (92%) children returned a mailed questionnaire concerning the children's speech, language, learning and motor abilities. Low‐birthweight (LBW, <2500 g) children (n= 279) appeared to have experienced more difficulties than normal‐birth‐weight (NBW, ≥2500g) children (n= 8091). The parents evaluated the LBW boys to be the poorest in linguistic and motor skills compared with the other boys or any of the groups of girls. They are therefore presumably at risk of having problems at school, which was confirmed by the teachers' reports. There was also a clear relationship between speech/linguistic and motor disabilities.
Circadian-independent cell mitosis in immortalized fibroblasts

Two prominent timekeeping systems, the cell cycle, which controls cell division, and the circadian system, which controls 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, are found in nearly all living organisms. A distinct feature of circadian rhythms is that they are temperature-compensated such that the period of the rhythm remains constant (~24 h) at different ambient temperatures. Even though the speed of cell division, or growth rate, is highly temperature-dependent, the cell-mitosis rhythm is temperature-compensated. Twenty-four-hour fluctuations in cell division have also been observed in numerous species, suggesting that the circadian system is regulating the timing of cell division. We tested whether the cell-cycle rhythm was coupled to the circadian system in immortalized rat-1 fibroblasts by monitoring cell-cycle gene promoter-driven luciferase activity. We found that there was no consistent phase relationship between the circadian and cell cycles, and that the cell-cycle rhythm was not temperature-compensated in rat-1 fibroblasts. These data suggest that the circadian system does not regulate the cell-mitosis rhythm in rat-1 fibroblasts. These findings are inconsistent with numerous studies that suggest that cell mitosis is regulated by the circadian system in mammalian tissues in vivo. To account for this discrepancy, we propose two possibilities: (i) There is no direct coupling between the circadian rhythm and cell cycle but the timing of cell mitosis is synchronized with the rhythmic host environment, or (ii) coupling between the circadian rhythm and cell cycle exists in normal cells but it is disconnected in immortalized cells.
“You’re all going to hate the word ‘recovery’ by the end of this”: Service users’ views of measuring addiction recovery

Abstract Aims: To explore how service users’ views of measuring addiction recovery differ from those of service providers. Methods: Five focus groups conducted in two English cities with (i) people currently using Class A drugs (n = 6); (ii) people currently using alcohol (n = 12); (iii) individuals in residential detoxification (n = 12); (iv) individuals in residential rehabilitation (n = 7); and (v) people who defined themselves as ex drug or alcohol users (n = 7). Each focus group reviewed 76 measures of recovery previously identified by senior service providers. Findings: Service users identified multiple problems with the 76 measures. Difficulties could be categorized as expecting the impossible of service users; the dangers of progress; the hidden benefits of negative outcomes; outcomes that negate the agency in recovery; contradictory measures; failure to recognise individual differences; entrenched vulnerabilities; the misattribution of feelings and behaviours; and inappropriate language. Conclusions: Service users experience recovery as a process and personal journey that is often more about ‘coping’ than ‘cure’. Involving service users in designing measures of recovery can lessen the likelihood that researchers develop assessment tools that use inappropriate, contradictory or objectionable outcomes, and ambiguous and unclear language. People who have experienced drug or alcohol problems can highlight important weaknesses in dominant recovery discourses.
Buddy's Glee Club: Singing for Life

The Buddy's Glee Club study was implemented to understand the benefits of participating in a choir on the health, wellness, and successful aging of older adults who are either cognitively intact or diagnosed with dementia. Participants were recruited from an adult day care program in a Canadian metropolitan area and took part in a weekly 1-hour choral program for 16 weeks. They were assessed both pre- and post-intervention for general health, self-esteem, anxiety, feelings/emotions, and quality of life. After 16 weeks participants were interviewed. Five large themes emerged from the data: friendship and companionship, simplicity, happiness and uplifting and positive feelings, relaxing and reduced anxiety, and fun.
HIV-1 genital shedding is suppressed in the setting of high genital antiretroviral drug concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle.

BACKGROUND It is not known if fluctuations in genital tract antiretroviral drug concentrations correlate with genital virus shedding in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Among 20 HIV-infected women on ART (tenofovir [TFV], emtricitabine [FTC], and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir [ATV]) with suppressed plasma virus loads, blood and cervicovaginal samples collected twice weekly for 3 weeks were tested for antiretroviral concentrations, HIV-1 RNA, and proviral DNA. RESULTS Cervicovaginal:plasma antiretroviral concentration ratios were highest for FTC (11.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.66-16.3), then TFV (3.52, 95% CI, 2.27-5.48), and ATV (2.39, 95% CI, 1.69-3.38). Within- and between-person variations in plasma and genital antiretroviral concentrations were observed. Low amounts of genital HIV-1 RNA (<50 copies/mL) were detected in 45% of women at 16% of visits. Genital HIV-1 DNA was detected in 70% of women at 35% of visits. Genital virus detection was associated with higher concentrations of mucosal leukocytes but not with genital antiretroviral concentrations, menstrual cycle phase, bacterial vaginosis, genital bleeding, or plasma virus detection. CONCLUSIONS Standard doses of ART achieved higher genital than plasma concentrations across the menstrual cycle. Therapeutic ART suppresses genital virus shedding throughout the menstrual cycle, even in the presence of factors reported to increase virus shedding.
‘These People Could Be Anyone’: Fear, Contempt (and Empathy) in a British Immigration Removal Centre

Detention is proliferating as a governmental response to human mobility in the ‘war on terror’. Theoretical engagements with spaces of detention and enclosure have been influenced by Agamben's work on the camp and the sovereign exception. Such a view focuses on the abject ‘bare life’ that is produced by the sovereign decision. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among staff at a UK immigration removal centre, the paper makes the case for ‘going inside’ the detention centre. It examines the everyday life of detention through the lens of emotion, with a focus on fear and contempt. Exploring these emotions as forms of judgement or construal can unravel staff dispositions towards the detainees, and can demonstrate the ways in which emotion shapes the treatment the detainees receive. The paper argues for emotion as an analytical tool; in the case of detention, it can supplement abstract accounts of ‘the camp’.
Self‐reported cues about deceptive and truthful communication: The effects of cognitive capacity and communicator veracity

One hundred four students watched a videotape of six communicators (three liars and three truthtellers) and were asked to judge the veracity of the strangers’ communication. In addition to judging deception, students reported which cites guided their veridical judgments. To limit their available cognitive capacity one‐half of the participants were given an additional cognitive task to complete (counting backwards from a number by 7) while viewing the videotapes. Results indicated that lie detectors with limited cognitive capacity reported using more vocal cues and fewer verbal cues than lie detectors whose cognitive capacity was not manipulated. Lie detectors with limited capacity were more accurate at catching liars and reported fewer truthful judgments than lie detectors in the high capacity condition. Overall, lie detectors reported using primarily demeanor cues and visual cues to distinguish truths from lies. Results also indicated that lie detectors’ beliefs about deception differed as a function of the communicators’ veracity. Specifically, when judging truthful communicators, lie detectors reported using fewer vocal cues and demeanor cues while relying on a greater number of verbal and visual cues as compared to lie detectors judging deceptive communicators.
MRI in fetal necropsy

The fetal autopsy involves a series of investigations of the corpse, most of which are noninvasive and acceptable to the majority of parents and their physicians. The value of the perinatal autopsy is manyfold and well established, and the results can provide a basis for parental and family counseling, inform future obstetric management, and provide audit for prenatal care. Many techniques originally developed for diagnosis, such as histology, biochemical tests, photography, x‐rays, and cytogenetic karyotyping, have become standard tools in perinatal autopsies. However, there has been an inexorable decline in the autopsy consent rate over the last 30 years due to social and cultural factors, and perhaps ignorance of the benefits to be derived from the examination. Growing evidence suggests that postmortem fetal MRI can assist the pathologist at autopsy, and in many cases can obviate the need for dissection or at least minimize and focus it. For the majority of cases in which no consent for surgical autopsy is given, MRI together with other noninvasive postmortem tests can provide a great deal of the information that was previously available only from autopsy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Effectiveness of the C-MAC Video Laryngoscope versus Direct Laryngoscopy in the Setting of the Predicted Difficult Airway

Background: Video laryngoscopy may be useful in the setting of the difficult airway, but it remains unclear if intubation success is improved in routine difficult airway management. This study compared success rates for tracheal intubation with the C-MAC® video laryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) with conventional direct laryngoscopy in patients with predicted difficult airway. Methods: We conducted a two arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial that involved 300 patients. Inclusion required at least one of four predictors of difficult intubation. The primary outcome was successful tracheal intubation on first attempt. Results: The use of video laryngoscopy resulted in more successful intubations on first attempt (138/149; 93%) as compared with direct laryngoscopy (124/147; 84%), P = 0.026. Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view was graded I or II in 139/149 of C-MAC attempts versus 119/147 in direct laryngoscopy attempts (P < 0.01). Laryngoscopy time averaged 46 s (95% CI, 40–51) for the C-MAC group and was shorter in the direct laryngoscopy group, 33 s (95% CI, 29–36), P < 0.001. The use of a gum-elastic bougie and/or external laryngeal manipulation were required less often in the C-MAC intubations (24%, 33/138) compared with direct laryngoscopy (37%, 46/124, P = 0.020). The incidence of complications was not significantly different between the C-MAC (20%, 27/138) versus direct laryngoscopy (13%, 16/124, P = 0.146). Conclusion: A diverse group of anesthesia providers achieved a higher intubation success rate on first attempt with the C-MAC in a broad range of patients with predictors of difficult intubation. C-MAC laryngoscopy seems to be a useful technique for the initial approach to a potentially difficult airway.
Issues and Challenges of Instrument Translation

The purpose of this article was to discuss the challenges of instrument translation, using the translation of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey into Chinese as an example. Brislin’s model of translation, which highlights the need for forward and backward translation, was used. Major considerations in conducting translation, and the strategies used to overcome the challenges arising from cultural and linguistic differences between the source and target languages, were discussed. Examples were used to illustrate how difficulties, such as maintenance of the original intent of the questionnaire, maximization of the cultural relevancy of the concept in question, and enhancement of the comprehensibility of the translated questionnaire, were handled. The importance of literal and cultural adaptation of a developed instrument, rather than its simple word translation in the maintenance of an equivalent translation is highlighted.
Emotions on the move: belonging, sense of place and feelings identities among young Romanian immigrants in Spain

This article examines the experiences in terms of belonging and sense of place among young Romanian immigrants who came to Spain in search of opportunities for professional development. The research detects and analyses the process of mobility, the search for job opportunities and the necessity of working below one's level of training or education, which induces young people to re-construct a new and complex identity. By means of the qualitative method of in-depth interviews, the analysis highlights the role that emotions play in young peoples’ discourse while underscoring the ability of the interviewees in re-creating their identity and building a place even during the midst of a turbulent and insecure process. The conclusions signal the creation of a new and multiple identity which is complex and fluid and specific to persons on the move.
Criminal Thinking on Probation

This article examines the use of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) with a sample of 72 Irish men on probation. It tests the hypothesis that probationers who reported no offending for at least a year (secondary desisters) would have lower PICTS scores—indicating a less active criminal belief system—than those who remained involved in crime and that probationers who did not report committing crime during the past month (primary desisters) would have lower scores than those who did. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed on three of the eight scales and on Current Criminal Thinking for the secondary desisters and on six of the eight scales for the primary desisters. Compared with English and American prisoners, the Irish scored higher on all eight scales.
How to Design Target-Date Funds?

Several years ago, the concept of target-date funds emerged to complement traditional balanced funds in defined-contribution pension plans. The main idea is to delegate the dynamic allocation with respect to the retirement date of individuals to the portfolio manager. Owing to its long-term horizon, a target-date fund is unique and cannot be compared to a mutual fund. Moreover, the objective of the individual is to contribute throughout their working life by investing a part of their income in order to maximise their pension benefits. The main purpose of this article is to analyse and understand dynamic allocation in a target-date fund framework. We show that the optimal exposure in the risky portfolio varies over time and is very sensitive to the parameters of both the market and the investor's. We then deduce some practical guidelines to better design target-date funds for the asset management industry.
Frequency of Use and Characteristics of People with Intellectual Disabilities Subject to Physical Interventions.

Background: The use of physical intervention (PI) with people with intellectual disabilities continues to cause concern. This study sought to clarify the frequency and circumstances of PI use and gather data on the characteristics of individuals subject to PI. Method:Data on individuals subject to PI were gathered by postal questionnaire completed by service providers from three samples: people who (a) had attended a PI conference and/or purchased a PI policy document; (b) operated in a specific geographical area of England and (c) operated specialist assessment and treatment settings for children/adults with intellectual disabilities throughout the UK. Results: Frequent PI use was reported. Restraint was most commonly reported - monthly or more frequently with most individuals. Overall, those receiving PI were more likely to be young, male, not legally restricted and identified as having an autistic spectrum disorder than those who did not receive PI. Conclusions: The relatively frequent use of PI is consistent with routine rather than last resort use. Such use carries risk of physical and psychological damage. Service providers should systematically reduce the frequency of use of PI.
Intrinsically versus Extrinsically Defined Spirituality and Immune Functioning

Abstract Eighty-eight healthy men and women (ages 29-63) had a blood draw and completed the Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ) and a version of Kelly's repertory grid in order to investigate the relationship between spirituality and immune functioning. As expected, spirituality was associated with patterns of healthier immune functioning in terms of lower absolute and percentage based counts of monocytes and higher T helper (CD4+) cells and the ratio of T helper to T cytotoxic (CD8+) cells. This pattern mostly implicated the person's spirituality when intrinsically versus extrinsically derived. Findings extend research on immune functioning and religiosity, and support the existence of a relationship between spirituality and health, underscoring the possible stress buffering role of spirituality in enhancing physical and emotional well-being.
Modernization and its impact on Chinese older people’s perception of their own image and status

This article represents an attempt to look at the impact of modernization on how older people in China perceive their own image and status. Findings from a study conducted in Wuhan, China reveal that modernization has tarnished the image and lowered the status of older people, who still welcome their country’s modernization as it has made marked improvements in their standard of living. Differences in reactions towards modernization are also found to exist between urban and rural older residents — an issue that the Chinese Government must redress to promote positive ageing.
Identification of a Hypoxia Response Element in the Transferrin Receptor Gene*

Expression of the transferrin receptor, which mediates iron uptake from transferrin, is negatively regulated post-transcriptionally by intracellular iron through iron-responsive elements in the 3′-untranslated region of the transferrin receptor mRNA. Transcriptional mechanisms are also involved in receptor expression, but these are poorly understood. In this study we have characterized the transferrin receptor promoter region and identified a functional hypoxia response element that contains a binding site for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Exposure of K562 and HeLa cells to hypoxia for 16 h resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in transferrin receptor mRNA expression. A motif with multipartite organization similar to the hypoxia response element of a number of hypoxia-inducible genes such as erythropoietin was identified within a 100-base pair sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site. Mutation of a site similar to the consensus HIF-binding site (HBS) in this motif attenuated the hypoxic response by 80%. Transient co-expression of the two HIF-1 subunits (HIF-1α and HIF-1β) enhanced the wild type transferrin receptor promoter activity, but that which contained a mutated HBS yielded no such response. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that HIF-1 was stimulated and bound to the transferrin receptor HBS upon hypoxic challenge. Our results indicate that the transferrin receptor is a target gene for HIF-1.
Experimental Construction of BMP2 and VEGF Gene Modified Tissue Engineering Bone in Vitro

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and advantages of constructing a novel tissue engineering bone, using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), modified with human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene (hBMP2) and human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene (hVEGF165), through lentiviral transfection. Both genes were successfully co-expressed in the co-transfection group for up to eight weeks confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After seeding MSCs onto the scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that MSCs grew and proliferated well in co-transfection group at 7 and 14 days. There was no significant difference among all the groups in hoechst DNA assay for cell proliferation for 14 days after cell seeding (P > 0.05), but the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed in the co-transfection group at 14 days after cell seeding (p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that it was advantageous to construct tissue engineering bone using β-TCP combined with MSCs lentivirally co-transfected with BMP2 and VEGF165, providing an innovative way for treating bone defects.