Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The APPS: an outcome score for the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and intense inflammatory process of the lungs that develops in response to pulmonary and systemic insults to the alveolar-capillary membrane, resulting in increased vascular permeability and development of interstitial and alveolar edema. Although ARDS is clinically characterized by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure refractory to oxygen therapy, over the years we have used several different diagnostic schemas, all based on a combination of clinical, oxygenation, radiographic, and hemodynamic abnormalities to identify these patients (1,2).
Exploring the consequences of postmating–prezygotic interactions between the sexes

The role of male–female interactions in the divergence of postmating–prezygotic reproductive traits has recently focused on sexual conflict as the selective force. While an association between mating costs and benefits suggests that antagonistic interactions may be important, a mosaic of processes may actually mediate the evolutionary dynamics of postmating–prezygotic interactions. Our study examines the ecological relevance of mating effects on females. We test this critical but often overlooked assumption in desert Drosophila, where the species' ecology provides a framework for evaluating the evolutionary implications of such mating consequences. We show that mating has a profound impact on an ecologically critical character—desiccation resistance. To explore what selective factors might underlie the observed population differences in mating effects, we test whether trends in the data match predictions based on the species' ecology. While these preliminary data are consistent with the expectation that the mating benefits are positively correlated with environmental conditions, further examination reveals an additional unanticipated association with the reproductive environment. This unexpected association challenges existing assumptions regarding the forces driving divergence of traits involved in mating.
Intonation as a cue to turn management in telephone and face-to-face interactions

Melodic properties of turn boundaries in face-to-face and nonface-to-face interactions are analyzed from a production and a perception viewpoint. Results show that although listeners seem to be able to predict turn management in telephone speech when some conditions are met, melodic information by itself is for the most part insufficient to indicate turn transition to conversationalists.
Analytical solutions to feedback systems on the special orthogonal group SO(n)

This paper provides analytical solutions to the closed-loop kinematics of two almost globally exponentially stabilizing attitude control laws on the special orthogonal group SO(n). By studying the general case we give a uniform treatment to the cases of SO(2) and SO(3), which are the most interesting dimensions for application purposes. Working directly with rotation matrices in the case of SO(3) allows us to avoid certain complications which may arise when using local and global many-to-one parameterizations. The analytical solutions provide insight into the transient behaviour of the system and are of theoretical value since they can be used to prove almost global attractiveness of the identity matrix. The practical usefulness of analytical solutions in problems of continuous time actuation subject to piece-wise unavailable or discrete time sensing are illustrated by numerical examples.
Treatment and predictors of outcome in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical course of disease and identify prognostic indicators for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 73 dogs treated for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals at the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine and the Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialties Hospital. PROCEDURES Medical records from the period of January 2002 through June 2008 were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, results of initial diagnostic tests, treatment, complications, and survival duration. RESULTS Dog ages ranged from 5 months to 15 years (median, 8.1 years). Cocker Spaniels were overrepresented, compared with their distribution in the entire hospital population during the same period. Sixty-one of the 73 (84%) dogs survived to discharge. Seven (11 %) of those dogs were lost to follow-up. Five of the remaining 54 (9%) dogs had a relapse of the disease. The presence of melena or high BUN concentration at admission to the hospital was significantly correlated with a decreased probability of survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is a serious yet treatable disease, which may have a lower rate of recurrence than previously reported. The presence of melena or high BUN concentration in the study suggested a poor prognosis for affected dogs.
Why do some beginning teachers leave the school, and others stay? Understanding teacher resilience through psychological lenses

With the increasing concern about the high attrition rate among beginning teachers, it is essential that we come to a better understanding of why teachers leave the profession. This study explored differences between leavers and stayers in terms of the process of their resilience responses. Major psychological factors such as value, self-efficacy, beliefs and emotions were foregrounded to understand how leavers and stayers are similar or different in negotiating and interpreting external environments. This study employed semi-structured interviews for seven leavers and seven stayers who had teaching experiences of less than five years. The findings of this study showed that both leavers and stayers had intrinsic interests in working as a teacher. Also, both groups identified similar challenges of working as a teacher, such as classroom management and effective delivery of lessons. However, leavers showed weaker self-efficacy beliefs than stayers, who tended to get more support and help from school administrators. In addition, leavers held beliefs that imposed heavy burdens on themselves, which may have created stress and emotional burnout. Unlike leavers, stayers often reported their strategies to prevent them from being burned out by setting boundaries establishing relationship with students. Given the high attrition rate of beginning teachers, the current study provides meaningful insight about challenges beginning teachers’ face, their needs and better ways to prepare and train them.
Aesthetic Understanding of Organizational Life

The weak point of study of aesthetics in organizational life has been theorists' definition of the object of analysis, even before their use of methodology and techniques. This article takes a holistic approach to organizations in order to promote aesthetic awareness as a legitimate form of understanding organizational life. It is in contrast to previous approaches that treat the aesthetic dimension as one organizational theme among many. The article illustrates the elusiveness of the aesthetic dimension as an object of knowledge, and it also demonstrates the close link between the organizational aesthetic and the complex process of its deconstruction, comprehension, and communication.
Targeted vs. Collective Information Sharing in Networks

We introduce a simple two-stage game of endogenous network formation and information sharing for reasoning about the optimal design of social networks like Facebook or Google+. We distinguish between unilateral and bilateral connections and between targeted and collective information sharing. Agents value being connected to other agents and sharing and receiving information. We consider multiple utility specifications. We show that the game always has an equilibrium in pure strategies and then we study how the network design and the utility specifications affect welfare. Surprisingly, we find that in general, targeted information sharing is not necessarily better than collective information sharing. However, if all agents are either "babblers" or "friends", irrespective of whether the network is unilateral or bilateral, in equilibrium, targeted information sharing yields higher welfare than collective information sharing.
Chaos and Crisis: Dissecting the Spatiotemporal Logics of Contemporary Migrations and State Practices

Discussions of chaos and crisis feature prominently in contemporary literature on the nation-state, globalization, security, and neoliberalism. In scholarship, policy, and public discourse on global migration, references to chaos and crisis abound and yet have not received sustained critical inquiry. In this article, we examine why these alarmist terms emerge so frequently, scrutinizing in particular what is relayed about the contemporary “state” of migration and its new geographical expressions. We take the recurrent discourse of chaos and crisis as our starting point, with the goal of delving more deeply into the logics driving their mobilization. We analyze when and where these discourses become prominent and trace key moments when migrants become securitized (the border crossing, the detention center, the deportation). This examination of the spatiotemporal logics of chaos and crisis advances understandings of the often contradictory efforts by nation-states to facilitate mobility and containment. We argue that states mobilize constructions of chaos and crisis to create exceptional moments in which sovereign reach and geopolitical influence are expanded. By analyzing the use of these discourses as tools, the article provides insight to the relationship between migration and state power.
Expertise-related differences in conceptual and ontological knowledge in the legal domain

Little research has been conducted on expertise-related differences in conceptual and ontological knowledge in law, even though this type of knowledge is prerequisite for correctly interpreting and reasoning about legal cases, and differences in conceptual and ontological knowledge structures between students and between students and teachers, might lead to miscommunication. This study investigated the extent and organisation of conceptual and ontological knowledge of novices, advanced students, and experts in law, using a card-sorting task and a concept-elaboration task. The results showed that novices used more everyday examples and were less accurate in their elaborations of concepts than advanced students and experts, on top of that, the organisation of their knowledge did not overlap within their group (i.e., no “shared” ontology). Experts gave more judicial examples based on the lawbook and were more accurate in their elaborations than advanced students, and their knowledge was strongly overlapping within their group (i.e., strong ontology). Incorrect conceptual knowledge seems to impede the correct understanding of cases and the correct application of precise and formal rules in law.
External-to-Internal Iliac Bypass Using an Endograft-Within-Wallstent Technique

Common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAAs) are the most frequently occurring iliac artery aneurysms. In a retrospective study of 438 patients with 715 CIAAs, Huang et al found that the average annual expansion rate of CIAAs is approximately 0.29 cm/year. Furthermore, they concluded that elective repair should be undertaken for CIAAs >3.5 cm to prevent rupture. Open surgical repair in patients with CIAAs can be a morbid procedure, requiring ligation or cross-clamping of the iliac artery. Ligation of the iliac artery can have adverse consequences especially in patients with compromised flow to the pelvic viscera. Several groups have shown that bilateral internal iliac artery (IIA) interruption is associated with considerable morbidity including paralysis, buttock claudication, and colonic ischemia. Minimally invasive treatment modalities to exclude flow to common iliac aneurysms include coil embolization and endograft exclusion. In our case, due to a broad aneurysm neck and desire to maintain IIA perfusion, coil embolization was not a viable option. However, percutaneous placement of an external iliac artery (EIA) to IIA bypass allowed for continued perfusion to the pelvic viscera and exclusion of flow to the aneurysm. This article describes a percutaneous EIA to IIA bypass technique, which takes advantage of the individual mechanical properties of the Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts) and the Viabahn endoprosthesis (WL Gore, Newark, Delaware) to construct a more robust and effective endovascular solution to exclude flow to an expanding common iliac artery (CIA) bifurcation aneurysm with a short angulated neck.
OMG! Texting in Class = U Fail :( Empirical Evidence That Text Messaging During Class Disrupts Comprehension

In two experiments, we examined the effects of text messaging during lecture on comprehension of lecture material. Students (in Experiment 1) and randomly assigned participants (in Experiment 2) in a text message condition texted a prescribed conversation while listening to a brief lecture. Students and participants in the no-text condition refrained from texting during the same lecture. Postlecture quiz scores confirmed the hypothesis that texting during lecture would disrupt comprehension and retention of lecture material. In both experiments, the no-text group significantly outscored the text group on the quiz and felt more confident about their performance. The classroom demonstration described in Experiment 1 provides preliminary empirical evidence that texting during class disrupts comprehension in an actual classroom environment. Experiment 2 addressed the selection bias and demand characteristic issues present in Experiment 1 and replicated the main findings. Together, these two experiments clearly illustrate the detrimental effects of texting during class, which could discourage such behavior in students.
Nitrogen fixation within the water column associated with two hypoxic basins in the Southern California Bight

We measured pelagic dinitrogen (N2) fixation by incorporation of 15 N2 during regular cruises over 4 yr to deep hypoxic basins in the Southern California Bight, USA. N2 fixation in the photic zone was dominated (80%) by nanoplankton (<10 µm). N2 fixation rates in surface waters were near the upper range measured for nanoplankton in tropical waters, averaging 5.8 µmol m -3 d -1 at the San Pedro Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) station, and 2.4 µmol m -3 d -1 at the Santa Monica Bay Obser- vatory (SMBO) station, with a maximum at SPOTS of 35 µmol m -3 d -1 . Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays and nested PCR-based clone libraries targeting the nitrogenase gene nifH indicate that the uncultivated unicellular cyanobacterial group A (UCYN-A) is an abundant dia- zotroph in the photic zone. Although N2 fixation rates were highest at the surface, mean N2 fixation averaged 0.07 µmol m -3 d -1 at depths of 500 and 885 m within hypoxic basin waters (<10% O2 satu- ration). When integrated over the aphotic water column, this deep N2 fixation may account for as much as one-third of the total areal N2 fixation, estimated at 150 µmol N m -2 d -1 . These deep hypoxic N2 fixers were an assemblage of heterotrophic bacteria, including Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and putative sulfate-reducing bacteria. Our results suggest that N2 fixation could play a role in other hypoxic, high-nitrate waters.
Constitutive and regulative conditions for the assessment of academic literacy

Abstract If we characterise language tests as applied linguistic instruments, we may argue that they therefore need to conform to the conditions that apply to the development of responsible applied linguistic designs. Conventionally, language tests are required to possess both validity and reliability; these are necessary conditions for such tests, and so is their theoretical defensibility (‘construct validity’). The new orthodoxy, however, is that test designers must also seek consequential validity for their instruments, in that they have to consider test impact. Using an emerging framework for a theory of applied linguistics, this paper outlines how a number of constitutive or necessary conditions for test design (their instrumental power, their consistency and theoretical justification) relate to other current concepts. These recently articulated notions include the ideas of test acceptability, utility, and alignment with both the instruction that follows and with the real or perceived language needs of students; as well as their transparency, accountability and care for those taking them. The latter set of ideas may be defined as regulative or sufficient conditions for language tests. These concepts will be illustrated with reference to the design of a test of academic literacy levels that is widely used in South African universities.
Teachers Are Enthusiastic Participants in a Learning Community

or two years, from 1998 to 2000, I helped coordinate a pilot graduate program for fifty-two veteran K-12 teachers at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Like many veteran teachers, the participants who began our program were unenthusiastic, their efficacy and energy sapped by challenges such as mandates for educational reform. In May 2000 all fifty-two received their master's degrees in education. The group of teachers, who named themselves T.E. A.M., Taking Education Across the Millennium, has a new vitality, a joy and enthusiasm that for most had been absent or untapped for years. Unlike other campus-based graduate programs at the university, our program took place entirely off campus at a centrally located high school. Instead of requiring nine credit hours of core courses and twenty-one hours of electives, as is typical for other graduate programs, we created a holistic program of study that focused on three cumulative goals for teachers: completion of a professional growth improvement plan; completion of a capstone project; and completion of a professional teaching portfolio. Most significant was that the program was designed to function within the framework of a learning community, a concept that originated over seventy years ago at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A learning community is a group of individuals who establish group goals and values for working and learning collaboratively. Truly student-centered, learning communities generate meaningful learning and support for the individual. In the School of Education model, veteran teacher participants developed personal and professional goals and connected ideas in their coursework with applications in their own classrooms. In addition, the learning community model for this program borrowed ideas related to systemic organizational change from the business community (Senge et al. 1999). The participants focused on individual personal and professional growth, collaboration, and ways to effect positive change in their school organization. Participants met for intensive two-day meetings one weekend each month. At the meetings participants created and agreed on values by which they would live and work together. The key values were honesty, integrity, responsibility, accountability, pursuit of excellence, tolerance and understanding, respect, and support. In addition, they agreed on the following five professional teaching standards:
Ultra-High-Throughput Microarray Generation and Liquid Dispensing Using Multiple Disposable Piezoelectric Ejectors

The authors have constructed an array of 12 piezoelectric ejectors for printing biological materials. A single-ejector footprint is 8 mm in diameter, standing 4 mm high with 2 reservoirs totaling 76 µL. These ejectors have been tested by dispensing various fluids in several environmental conditions. Reliable drop ejection can be expected in both humidity-controlled and ambient environments over extended periods of time and in hot and cold room temperatures. In a prototype system, 12 ejectors are arranged in a rack, together with an X - Y stage, to allow printing any pattern desired. Printed arrays of features are created with a biological solution containing bovine serum albumin conjugated oligonucleotides, dye, and salty buffer. This ejector system is designed for the ultra-high-throughput generation of arrays on a variety of surfaces. These single or racked ejectors could be used as long-term storage vessels for materials such as small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, or cell libraries, which would allow for efficient preprogrammed selection of individual clones and greatly reduce the chance of cross-contamination and loss due to transfer. A new generation of design ideas includes plastic injection molded ejectors that are inexpensive and disposable and handheld personal pipettes for liquid transfer in the nanoliter regime. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2004:85-94)
Cryopreservation of V anda coerulea Griff . ex Lindl . Seeds by Vitrification

An effective protocol for cryopreservation of seeds of Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl. , an endangered Thai epiphytic orchid, in liquid nitrogen (LN) was developed by vitrification. Seeds from 7-month-old pods were sufficiently dehydrated in 2 ml cryotubes filled with highly concentrated plant vitrification solution (PVS2), consisting of 30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethyl sulfoxide, prepared in modified Vacin and Went (1949) (VW) liquid medium at 25 ± 2°C for 70 min. The seeds were then rapidly plunged into LN. After recovering from LN and rapid warming in a waterbath at 40°C for 2 min, the PVS2 solution was replaced with 0.5 ml of 1.2 M sucrose in VW solution and kept at 25 ± 2°C for 20 min prior to transfer on VW agar medium. About 67% of cryopreserved seeds treated with PVS2 solution for 70 min were able to develop into normal seedlings in vitro, while without PVS2 treatment, there was no survival after LN storage.
The social ontology of intentions

This article addresses the issue of how to develop a theory of interpretation of social action (discourse included) that takes into consideration culture-specific claims about intentions while simultaneously allowing for a pan-human, universal dimension of intentionality. It is argued that to achieve such a goal, it is necessary to agree on a basic definition of intentionality and on the conditions that allow for its investigation. After briefly discussing the limitations of applying an (English-based) ‘narrow’ notion of intention to the analysis of other languages and cultures, a more general and basic analytic notion of intentionality is proposed, that is, as aboutness (as defined by Husserl). By applying this more general notion of intentionality, we can then examine both the content of intentional acts and the conditions that allow for their study across cultural contexts through ‘bracketing’. This is made possible by the social ontology of intentions, which is what enables the analysis of human conduct and its interpretation. Our methods and hypotheses must be evaluated over and against such an existential premise.