Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Models for violence by Turkish police officers toward romantic partners and police partners

Social learning theory suggests that displays of violence in close relationships would be increased for individuals exposed to family models of violence, especially from parents. Because police officers may regard their departments as a second ‘family,’ violence shown by the ‘father figure’ police supervisor may be a significant model for violence, as recent research has found for American police officers. The police supervisor might also be expected to be a powerful model for violence because Turkish police officers serve in a male-dominated workplace in a largely male-dominated society. This study examined how violence reported by Turkish police officers in their close relationships (toward romantic partners, toward police partners) was explained by parental models from the ‘home family’ (father-to-mother, mother-to-father, father-to-participant, mother-to-participant) and from the ‘police family’ (supervisor-to-participant). Study participants included 233 Turkish police officers (96% male; 66% under 30 years of age; 6.9 mean years of service) who completed anonymous questionnaires to report violence in each relationship using the six-item subscale of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the set of ‘home family’ and ‘police family’ parental models explained 42% of variance in romantic partner violence and 74% of variance in police partner aggression. Violence from the police supervisor was the most consistent and significant model, perhaps because the police supervisor was a new and powerful ‘father figure’ for the relatively young officers of the present study. Violence received from the mother was also associated with increased risk of police partner violence, perhaps because mothers were the officers’ primary caretakers during childhood, making their style of conflict resolution the most prevalent parental model. Employee assistance programs to encourage ‘Peace in the Family’ for Turkish police officers may require participation by police supervisors, who must model non-violent conflict resolution in their departments.
Slit2 and netrin 1 act synergistically as adhesive cues to generate tubular bi-layers during ductal morphogenesis

Development of many organs, including the mammary gland, involves ductal morphogenesis. Mammary ducts are bi-layered tubular structures comprising an outer layer of cap/myoepithelial cells (MECs) and an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells (LECs). Slit2 is expressed by cells in both layers, with secreted SLIT2 broadly distributed throughout the epithelial compartment. By contrast, Robo1 is expressed specifically by cap/MECs. Loss-of-function mutations in Slit2 and Robo1 yield similar phenotypes, characterized by disorganized end buds (EBs) reminiscent of those present in Ntn1-/- glands, suggesting that SLIT2 and NTN1 function in concert during mammary development. Analysis of Slit2-/-;Ntn1-/- glands demonstrates an enhanced phenotype that extends through the ducts and is characterized by separated cell layers and occluded lumens. Aggregation assays show that Slit2-/-;Ntn1-/- cells, in contrast to wild-type cells, do not form bi-layered organoids, a defect rescued by addition of SLIT2. NTN1 has no effect alone, but synergistically enhances this rescue. Thus, our data establish a novel role for SLIT2 as an adhesive cue, acting in parallel with NTN1 to generate cell boundaries along ducts during bi-layered tube formation.
Blind User Detection in Doubly Dispersive DS/CDMA Fading Channels

In this work, we consider the problem of detecting the presence of a new user in a direct-sequence/code-division-multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system with a doubly dispersive fading channel, and we propose a novel blind detection strategy that only requires knowledge of the spreading code of the user to be detected, but no prior information as to the time-varying channel impulse response and the structure of the multiaccess interference. The proposed detector has a bounded constant false alarm rate (CFAR) under the design assumptions while providing satisfactory detection performance even in the presence of strong cochannel interference and high user mobility.
Mapping of Ionomic Traits in Mimulus guttatus Reveals Mo and Cd QTLs That Colocalize with MOT1 Homologues

Natural variation in the regulation of the accumulation of mineral nutrients and trace elements in plant tissues is crucial to plant metabolism, development, and survival across different habitats. Studies of the genetic basis of natural variation in nutrient metabolism have been facilitated by the development of ionomics. Ionomics is a functional genomic approach for the identification of the genes and gene networks that regulate the elemental composition, or ionome, of an organism. In this study, we evaluated the genetic basis of divergence in elemental composition between an inland annual and a coastal perennial accession of Mimulus guttatus using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population. Out of 20 elements evaluated, Mo and Cd were the most divergent in accumulation between the two accessions and were highly genetically correlated in the RILs across two replicated experiments. We discovered two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Mo accumulation, the largest of which consistently colocalized with a QTL for Cd accumulation. Interestingly, both Mo QTLs also colocalized with the two M. guttatus homologues of MOT1, the only known plant transporter to be involved in natural variation in molybdate uptake.
Use of ant-nest debris by darkling beetles and other arthropod species in an arid system in south Europe

Abstract Desert ecosystems are more complex than expected and, in this type of habitat, interspecific interactions can be an important force structuring the community. In this paper we described an interaction appearing between an harvester ant species ( Messor bouvieri ) and several arthropod taxa feeding on ant-nest debris in a southern European arid land. We have found 23 arthropod taxa associated with the nests of Messor bouvieri . During the daily period of maximum activity, the abundance of beetles inside mounds of ant-nests can be 660 times greater than the beetle abundance on the soil surface. Five beetle species were significantly more abundant inside the ant mounds than outside. We believe that four of these five species— Morica hybrida, Pimelia integra, P. monticola , and Tentyria incerta —are highly specialized in the use of ant-nest debris as an important source of food. Finally, we think that the remaining species, Aphodius baeticus , uses the ant nests principally as an arena for mating. In conclusion, we believe that, during the hot season, this ‘unusual’ interaction could be an essential factor regulating the food web and trophic structure in these arid lands.
Other-Regarding Preferences and Performance Pay - an Experiment on Incentives and Sorting

Variable pay not only creates a link between pay and performance but may also help firms in attracting the more productive employees (Lazear 1986, 2000). However, due to lack of natural data, empirical analyses of the relative importance of the selection and incentive effects of pay schemes are so far thin on the ground. In addition, these effects may be influenced by the nature of the relationship between the firm and its employees. This paper reports results of a laboratory experiment that analyzes the influence of other-regarding preferences on sorting and incentives. Experimental evidence shows that (i) the opportunity to switch to piece-rate increases the average level of output and its variance; (ii) there is a concentration of high skill workers in performance pay firms; (iii) however, in repeated interactions, efficiency wages coupled with reciprocity and inequality aversion reduce the attraction of performance related pay. Other-regarding preferences influence both the provision of incentives and their sorting effect.
Serum ferritin, blood donation, iron stores and haemochromatosis

Summary. Serum iron and ferritin concentrations were measured in 1,532 regular blood donors from South Wales who were undergoing HLA typing prior to registration on the British Bone Marrow and Platelet Donor Panel. Serum transferrin concentrations were determined for donors with serum iron concentrations > 24 µmol/1. There were 25 donors with transferrin saturations > 50% and 11 with transferrin saturations > 60%. There were five donors with serum ferritin concentrations > 200 µg/1 (women) or > 300 µg/1 (men). Two of the male donors had transferrin saturations > 50% and serum ferritin >300 µg/1 on repeat blood samples and are being treated by venesection. Donors with HLA‐A3 did not differ from those without A3 in serum iron or ferritin concentrations. Even in the group of donors who were apparently homozygous for A3 there were neither abnormal serum iron nor ferritin concentrations.
Influence of Primary Care Physician Availability and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Breast Cancer from 1988 to 2008: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Background Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. It is unclear how county-level primary care physician (PCP) availability and socioeconomic deprivation affect the spatial and temporal variation of breast cancer incidence and mortality. Methods We used the 1988–2008 public-use county-based data from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programs to analyze the temporal and spatial disparity of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation on early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence and breast cancer mortality. The spatio-temporal analysis was implemented by a novel structural additive modeling approach. Results Greater PCP availability was significantly associated with higher early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence and mortality during the entire study period while socioeconomic deprivation was significantly negatively associated with early-stage incidence, advanced-stage incidence, and mortality up to 1992. However, the observed influence of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation varied by county. Conclusions We showed important associations of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation with the three breast cancer indicators. However, the effect of these associations varied over time and across counties. The association of PCP availability and socioeconomic deprivation was stronger in selected counties.
Examiner error in intelligence testing: Are you a source?

Four protocols and scripts were constructed for the WAIS (Wechsler, 1955) presenting a range of levels of intelligence and an assortment of behavioral patterns. A group of three practicing school psychologists edited the scripts and assessed the accuracy of point assignments to individual items. Unanimity was reached for scoring of each response. These “standard” responses appearing in the WAIS manual were memorized by clients who served as examinees. Thirty-three WAIS administrations were completed by practicing school psychologists and school psychology students eligible for state certification as psychometrists. These obtained score means were not significantly different from the “true scores” assigned to the standard responses for Verbal, Performance, or Full Scale indices. However, a number of examiner item scoring and administration errors were observed for numerous subtests, that could well result in misplacement or exclusion of an individual from a special program. Such examiner error suggests the need for a reexamination of training procedures and continuing education for school psychologists to facilitate proficiency with new and revised psychometric instruments (WAIS-R).
Anal Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in Women With a History of Lower Genital Tract Neoplasia Compared With Low-Risk Women

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) among women with a history of HPV-related genital neoplasia with women without a history of HPV-related genital neoplasia. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study was performed from December 2012 to February 2014. Women were recruited from outpatient clinics at an academic medical center. Women with a history of high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal cytology, dysplasia, or cancer were considered the high-risk group. Women with no history of high-grade anogenital dysplasia or cancer were considered the low-risk group. Human immunodeficiency virus–positive women were excluded. Anal cytology and HPV genotyping were performed. Women with abnormal anal cytology were referred for high-resolution anoscopy. RESULTS: There were 190 women in the high-risk group and 83 in the low-risk group. The high-risk group was slightly older: 57 years compared with 47 years (P=.045); 21.7% of low-risk women had abnormal anal cytology compared with 41.2% of high-risk women (P=.006). High-risk HPV was detected in the anal canal of 1.2% of the low-risk group compared with 20.8% of the high-risk group (P<.001). Among women who underwent anoscopy, no anal dysplasia was detected in the low-risk group, whereas 13.4% in the high-risk group had anal dysplasia with 4.2% having anal intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or greater (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus–negative women with a history of lower genital tract neoplasia are more likely to have positive anal cytology, anal high-risk HPV, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Anal cancer screening should be considered for these high-risk women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Considerations for Neuropsychological Testing in the Adolescent Athlete: Implications for the Playing Field and Classroom

“Concussion” is all over the news, and—yes—it has implications for combating chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Many parents are pushing their children away from collision sports such as football, hockey, and lacrosse because they fear the risk of chronic neurodegenerative problems later in life. However, there is good logic in emphasizing the importance of physical activities such as collision type sports, during the developmental years. Physical educators, researchers, policy makers, and coaches must work together to encourage safe play and rules changes that can keep youth and adolescents active in sports that build character, discipline, and teach teamwork. Understanding the complexity of the highly adaptable adolescent brain both prior to and following sport-related concussion is critically important in accomplishing this goal.
Social disadvantage and neglectful parenting as precursors to the development of antisocial and aggressive child behavior: Testing a theoretical model

The present study tested a theoretical model advanced to understand the direct and mediated effects of social disadvantage, neglectful parenting, and punitive parenting in the developmental trajectory of aggressive and antisocial behavior in young school-aged children. To test the model, families of 310 first grade children and 361 fifth grade children, participating in a universal prevention trial in high-risk areas of a medium-sized metropolitan area, provided data. Multi-method and multi-source indices of the four predictive constructs (Social Disadvantage, Denial of Care Neglect, Supervisory Neglect, and Punitive Discipline) were obtained at the time of enrollment. Multi-method and multi-source indices of the criterion construct (Aggression and Antisocial Behavior) were obtained at the time of enrollment and at a five year follow-up. Based on structural equation modeling, the results established care neglect as a mediator of social disadvantage, and the importance of care neglect to both punitive discipline and antisocial outcomes in the first- and fifth-grade cohorts. Supervisory neglect, however, was important in the antisocial outcome of the fifth-grade cohort only. Overall, the results established the importance of distinguishing between two subtypes of neglect and the need to consider the role of discipline in concert with neglect when attempting to understand the impact of parenting on the development of antisocial behavior.
Increases in Arousal Are Associated with Reductions in the Human Nociceptive Flexion Reflex Threshold and Pain Ratings

The nociceptive flexion reflex has been regarded as an objective correlate of pain perception. This study examined whether the nociceptive flexion reflex is modulated by physiological arousal in the same manner as pain. Cardiovascular activity, nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds, and pain ratings were measured in 40 healthy adults under three conditions that demanded varying degrees of physiological arousal: Rest, number repetition, and mental arithmetic. Heart rates were faster and R-wave to pulse intervals shorter during mental arithmetic than number repetition, whereas heart rates were slower and R-wave to pulse intervals longer during rest compared to number repetition. Both mental arithmetic and number repetition were associated with reduced nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds compared to rest. Although the nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds were the same during mental arithmetic and number repetition, pain ratings were lower during mental arithmetic than number repetition and rest. The resul.
Do Travel Agency Jobs Appeal to University Students? A Case of Tourism Management Students in Hong Kong

This study identifies the job characteristics that tourism management students consider as important, thus affect their job selection upon graduation. It further identifies student perceptions on how well travel agency jobs possess such characteristics. An empirical study involving 184 tourism management undergraduate students in Hong Kong reveals that the five most important job characteristics affecting their job selection are as follows. (1) The job should be one that they like. (2) The job should allow them to have a harmonious relationship with colleagues. (3) The job should have a reasonable workload. (4) The job should offer good promotion opportunity and a good starting salary. This study also reveals that the travel agency sector may not possess the job characteristics that students consider as important. Students perceive that a good starting salary, reasonable workload, and good promotion opportunity are the worst performing characteristics for jobs in the travel agency sector. The importance-performance analysis indicates that the travel agency sector needs to concentrate on improving the delivery of job characteristics important to students by providing more opportunities for promotion, making the job more dignified, reducing workload, maintaining work–life balance, and increasing the starting salary. Students with different personal, contextual, and experiential characteristics are found to have significantly different perceptions regarding job characteristics, which are important in influencing their respective career choices and those associated with jobs in travel agencies. Lastly, taking courses related to travel agencies is determined to be correlated with the willingness of students to work in a travel agency.
Reabilitação auditiva no idoso

One of the most disabling sensorial alterations in the process of growing old is the auditory impairment known as presbyacusis. This alteration reduces social contacts, causing emotional problems, which are frequently overwhelming. In addition to auditory limitation due to acquired auditory impairment, there is auditory handicap related to non-auditory aspects and to emotional and social alterations. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seven subjects, three male and four female, aged 60 to 77 years old, were studied. They presented bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and used unilateral hearing aids. Seven one-hour hearing rehabilitation sessions were held, once a week and in group. Speech reading of all phonemes of Portuguese language was used. RESULTS: A significant reduction of auditory handicap perception was verified in all subjects at the end of seven sessions. This result was established by using HHIE-S questionnaire pre and post-rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce psychosocial reactions of aged people due to auditory deficit, its is necessary to indicate, select and fit hearing aids, together with an auditory rehabilitation program to help elderly with auditory impairment and their families to deal positively with communication difficulties. Through hearing rehabilitation programs it is possible to reduce the auditory handicap perception of the elderly population. It provides the elderly better quality of life, encourage their social contacts and lessen their loneliness.
Litter Characteristics of Gilts Artificially Inseminated with Transforming Growth Factor‐β

Problem Semen is a rich source of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and it has been proposed that this molecule promotes embryonic survival by modifying immune responses to promote tolerance toward paternal antigens and by inducing release of cytokines that promote embryonic development. The role of TGF‐β was tested using pigs by evaluating whether its addition to washed sperm improves conceptus survival and fetal growth.
Long-Term Ecological Research

Research in ecology has traditionally been funded for short periods of time and performed at single sites, conditions not conducive to projects addressing much greater time and geographic scales. NSF's support of an experimental emphasis on longterm ecological research seeks to alleviate this discontinuity and use available research resources more effectively to provide a more stable platform for the ecological sciences. (Accepted for publication 10 February 1984)
Stem Cell Transplantation Reveals That Absence of Macrophage CD36 Is Protective Against Atherosclerosis

Objective—CD36 is expressed on multiple cell types and has numerous functions, a subset of which can impact on atherogenesis. In previous work, we demonstrated that CD36 absence was protective against lesion formation. The current objective was to determine whether absence of macrophage CD36 alone was protective. Methods and Results—Lethal irradiation and stem cell transfer were used to create chimeric mice that did or did not express macrophage CD36 in the context of the Apo E-null model of atherosclerosis. After engraftment, mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. White cell counts, plasma levels of lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, and nonesterified fatty acids were determined, and glucose tolerance tests were preformed. Lesion area was assessed quantitatively after oil red O staining. Mice lacking CD36 in macrophages alone were profoundly protected against atherosclerosis (88.1% reduction of lesion area throughout the aortic tree). Re-introduction of macrophage CD36 resulted in a 2.11-fold increase in lesion area. There were no differences in engraftment, macrophage recruitment, glucose tolerance, weight, and total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the groups. Lesions contained similar percent macrophage antigen-positive area. Conclusion—Protection in this model is primarily caused by loss of CD36 macrophage function.
The Association Between Online Risk Behaviors and Real Life Sexual Behaviors Among African American Female Adolescents

The Association Between Online Risk Behaviors and Real Life Sexual Behaviors Among African American Female Adolescents by Nicole E. Rankine MPH, Walden University, 2010 MS, Georgia State University, 2004 BS, University of Georgia, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy