Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
- 1-TITLE : Demographics , BMPR 2 status and outcomes in Distal Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Rationale Although pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is potentially curative in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH), some patients have distally distributed disease that is not amenable to surgery. The aetiology and characteristics of this patient group are currently not well understood. Objectives This study compares the baseline demographics and outcomes of subjects with distal CTEPH, proximal CTEPH and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH). This will help determine whether these conditions represent separate entities, or whether they in fact exist along the same spectrum of disease. Methods The medical history, clinical characteristics, Bone Morphogenetic Receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutation status and outcomes of 96 IPAH, 35 distal CTEPH and 68 proximal CTEPH subjects referred to a single specialist centre between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. Results There were significant differences between the distal CTEPH, proximal CTEPH and IPAH groups in age (55.9yrs vs 54.8yrs vs 46.2yrs p<0.0001), proportion who were male (43% vs 69% vs 29% p<0. Both distal CTEPH and IPAH subjects were managed similarly, and had comparable survival characteristics (77% 1yr, 53% 3yrs vs 86% 1yr, 60% 3yrs p=0.68). Conclusions Distal and proximal CTEPH groups share certain demographic features that not only indicate a common aetiology but also help differentiate them from IPAH patients. Despite more favourable haemodynamic parameters in the distal CTEPH group, subjects displayed a poor long term outcome similar to that of IPAH subjects.INTRODUCTION Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is an important cause of pulmonary hypertension that is commonly considered to be the consequence of acute pulmonary embolic disease(1). Following an acute event, unresolved residual thrombus becomes organised and fibrosed, leading to ongoing obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. Untreated, this leads to progressive pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction and death(2). Recent evidence suggests that CTEPH may be more common than originally anticipated and may complicate up to 3.8% of acute pulmonary embolic events(3). In patients with predominantly 'proximal' disease surgical intervention (Pulmonary Endarterectomy or PEA) can be very effective, often leading to normalisation of pulmonary arterial pressures(4). However, when the degree of haemodynamic compromise is out of proportion to the quantity of surgically accessible disease, surgery is often inappropriate(5). Pulmonary endarterectomy in these patients is less successful, and is associated with a higher mortality(6). In this inoperable or 'distal' disease, where the majority of organised thrombus lies beyond the subsegmental level, management has historically consisted of supportive therapy alone.
Toward Developing a Mobile Channel Extension Model: Roles of Compatibility, Subjective Norm, and Media Influences

The present research developed and empirically examined a theoretical model called a Mobile Channel Extension Model for consumer behavior toward mobile commerce. We proposed three antecedents: compatibility of, subjective norm regarding, and media influence regarding mobile use for communication purposes that influence the attitude toward the subjective norm and media influences of mobile use for shopping. These in turn positively influenced the consume`s intention to use mobile devices for shopping. A Structural equation modeling analysis, using the data collected from a national online survey of 524 U. S. multichannel shoppers, confirmed the proposed model. The theoretical implications of these effects were discussed and managerial suggestions were made for both academicians and practitioners.
Good Citizenship: What Students In Rural Schools Have To Say About It

Abstract Political events both in the United States and around the world have led to a resurgence of interest in citizenship education. With this in mind, we conducted a study in rural schools to determine the perceptions of eighth and eleventh grade students regarding citizenship. We wanted to find out what rural students believe are the attributes of a good citizen; what activities they are currently participating in that are related to good citizenship; and what citizenship activities they see themselves performing ten years later in life. The results of the study indicate that students' views of citizenship were grounded in community service or what we consider civic engagement, rather than in political engagement. For these students, voting and holding political office belonged in the future; their focus was on the present. Therefore, we suggest that the concept of citizenship may be age-appropriate – that is, students function as citizens within the limitations of their age and their environment. Consequently, while they do not have full rights and responsibilities under the law, students participate in activities that constitute being a good citizen, and these activities may lead to various forms of political engagement in the future.
Pre‐departure training for international business managers

Purpose – The paper aims to examine the effective use of pre‐departure training, the various types of such training available and the ensuing benefits to the company, the international managers themselves and their families. It highlights a number of future trends in this area.Design/methodology/approach – The various types of pre‐departure training are considered with their advantages, and the need for sufficient time, analysis of training needs and appropriate training resources for such training to be effective. Areas covered include cross‐cultural awareness, communication skills, specific country/regional briefing, business procedures, international negotiating skills, building and sustaining multinational teams, language training, transfer of skills and knowledge and repatriation.Findings – There is still a relative lack of pre‐departure training for international managers, although the benefits are now more widely accepted. Future trends indicate that the increase in globalisation will make such tra.
Lobular neoplasia on core‐needle biopsy—Clinical significance

Approximately 25% of all cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed on core biopsy of the breast are associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive malignancy at the same site. As a result, surgical excision has become the standard of care for patients with ADH. In contrast, because data on the relation between breast malignancy and lobular neoplasia (LN) detected on core biopsy are limited, clinical management of patients with LN remains controversial. The goal of the current study was to determine the incidence of breast carcinoma at sites of core biopsy exhibiting LN compared with sites of core biopsy exhibiting ADH.
Errors in published papers are multifactorial

Dr Carlisle’s work is an elegant and thoughtfully crafted piece of detective work [1]. Unsurprisingly, reaction has focused on the possibility of data fabrication, despite Dr Carlisle’s very careful discussion of the multiple potential causes for error. Statistics has the long held tradition of classification of errors. Type-1 and type-2 errors are well known. Less well known are type-3 errors (right answer to the wrong question [2]), type-4 errors (incorrect interpretation of statistics [3]), and Raiffa’s ‘solving the right problem too late’ [4]. Is it time for new additions to the classification of error? From Carlisle’s work, there would also seem to be type-T errors (typographical-transcription, transposition), type-S errors (statistical misnaming-SD vs. SEM, IQR vs. SD etc.) and type-F errors (fabrication). The causes and remedy are different in each case. Some of the answers to the problem of incorrect data publication might also lie with the journals themselves. Any manuscript submitted to a journal is the end product of a long gestation from project idea to completion, which is then subjected to the journal’s (often obscure) whims, fancies and regulations – you must format your references this way (woe betide the aberrant full stop). what made you think that a table had lines? it’s not an abstract, it’s a summary! It is not surprising that authors make innocent mistakes during this process. Should journals, therefore, strive to make it easier for authors to submit accurate data? There are statistical packages that will automatically create ‘Table 1’ (the table of patient characteristics) [5, 6]; journals could accept this data and reformat according to their journal’s own editorial style, potentially avoiding transcription errors. Reference reformatting software would be similarly useful. These simple steps would allow authors and editors to focus on the primary task – getting high quality, accurate research into the public domain for the benefit of our patients. I must of course declare various conflicts of interest as a journal reviewer who has pointed out referencing errors to authors, as an editorial board member of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, and as an author that has unwittingly introduced errors into tables when reformatting and revising papers.
Mirror Surface Reconstruction under an Uncalibrated Camera

This paper addresses the problem of mirror surface reconstruction, and a solution based on observing the reflections of a moving reference plane on the mirror surface is proposed. Unlike previous approaches which require tedious work to calibrate the camera, our method can recover both the camera intrinsics and extrinsics together with the mirror surface from reflections of the reference plane under at least three unknown distinct poses. Our previous work has demonstrated that 3D poses of the reference plane can be registered in a common coordinate system using reflection correspondences established across images. This leads to a bunch of registered 3D lines formed from the reflection correspondences. Given these lines, we first derive an analytical solution to recover the camera projection matrix through estimating the line projection matrix. We then optimize the camera projection matrix by minimizing reprojection errors computed based on a cross-ratio formulation. The mirror surface is finally reconstructed based on the optimized cross-ratio constraint. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data are presented, which demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of our method.
Mechanism of suppression of lipopolysaccharide-driven B cell differentiation by anti-mu antibodies. Evidence for a trans-acting repressor of transcription

Bivalent anti-mu antibodies suppress LPS-driven B cell differentiation by inhibiting the coordinate activation of a family of differentiation- related genes, including those encoding the heavy, light, and J chains of IgM. We have shown that the presence of inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis during a pulse with anti-mu can interfere with induction of suppression. We suggest that suppression is mediated by a trans-acting repressor protein with specificity for common motifs in regulatory regions of each of these genes.
The effects of trust in internet shopping on sport consumers' intentions of purchasing licensed sport merchandise on the internet

A theoretical framework of trust in internet shopping and intentions of purchasing Licensed Sport Merchandise (LSM) online was tested through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedures. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the measurement model, which included scales to measure Trust in Internet Shopping, Transferred Trust, Experienced Trust, Psychological Attachment, and Intentions of Purchasing LSM online. The SEM showed that Transferred Trust and Experienced Trust held positive and significant associations with Trust in Internet Shopping. Trust in Internet Shopping and Psychological Attachment were positively and significantly associated with Intentions of Purchasing LSM online and, together, explained 50% of the variance in purchase intention.
Achievement Goals in the Classroom: Students' Learning Strategies and Motivation Processes

We studied how specific motivational processes are related to the salience of mastery and performance goals in actual classroom settings. One hundred seventy-six students attending a junior high/high school for academically advanced students were randomly selected from one of their classes and responded to a questionnaire on their perceptions of the classroom goal orientation, use of effective learning strategies, task choices, attitudes, and causal attributions. Students who perceived an emphasis on mastery goals in the classroom reported using more effective strategies, preferred challenging tasks, had a more positive attitude toward the class, and had a stronger belief that success follows from one's effort. Students who perceived performance goals as salient tended to focus on their ability, evaluating their ability negatively and attributing failure to lack of ability. The pattern and strength of the findings suggest that the classroom goal orientation may facilitate the maintenance of adaptive motivation patterns when mastery goals are salient and are adopted by students. Recent research on achievement motivation has focused on identifying different types of goal orientations among students, the motivational processes that are associated with these different goals, and the conditions that elicit them. These goal orientations have been contrasted as task involved versus ego involved (Maehr, 1983; Maehr & Nicholls, 1980; Nicholls, 1979, 1984; see also deCharms, 1968, 1976), as learning oriented versus performance oriented (Dweck, 1986, 1988; Dweck & Elliott, 1984), and as mastery focused versus ability focused (Ames, 1984a; Ames & Ames, 1984). Because the conceptual relations among task, learning, and mastery goals and among ego, performance, and ability goals are convergent, these perspectives have been integrated and are hereafter identified as mastery and performance goals, respectively (cf.
Measuring Person–Environment Fit: A Further Validation of the Perceived Fit Scale

Perceived job fit typically encompasses an employee's suitability for the requirements of the job or the culture and values of the organization. This view of job fit overlooks another suitability judgment made by employees in which contribution to the organization is compared with the rewards received in return. Cable and DeRue referred to this type of fit as needs–supplies fit in their 2002 study. To distinguish needs–supply fit from the two more commonly examined types of fit, person–organization fit and person–job fit, the researchers developed the Perceived Fit Scale (PFS). The purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the PFS by evaluating its reliability, concurrent validity, and factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis. Three hundred and seventeen certified public accountants participated in the study. The factor analysis results showed that the final model in this study was similar to the factor structure of the PFS reported by the developers, thus providing further support for need–supply fit as a viable dimension of perceived job fit.
Guanxilization or categorization: psychological mechanisms contributing to the formation of the Chinese concept of “us”

中国社会心理学在面对急速的社会变迁中，需要以变迁与文化的视角来选择研究 问题，而中国社会文化中群己关系的社会心理机制，即“我们”概念的形成机制及其 转换的可能与条件，正是一个体现着双重视角的基本问题。 对这一问题的探讨不仅有 助于解释社会凝聚力、群体行动的逻辑，讨论国家与个人、社会与个人、类别与个人 的关系；也有助于培植社会转型时期的社会心理资源和社会支持系统，从而促进社会 合作。 与以往单一机制的分析框架不同，通过对两个个案的讨论，研究提出了一个 新的分析框架，即：中国人“我们”概念是在社会情境的启动和价值取向等因素影响之 下，经由相互交织的“关系化”与“类别化”双重过程形成的。 关键词: “我们” 概念 群己关系 关系 关系化 类别化 Faced with rapid social transformation, the discipline of social psychology in China needs to choose its research topics from the perspective of both change and culture. A basic issue reflecting precisely these two perspectives is that of the formation of the social psychology mechanism of individual‐group relations, namely the formation of the concept of “us” in Chinese society and culture, as well as the possibility and conditions for the transformation of this mechanism. Exploring this issue will not only help us to understand social cohesion and the logic of group behavior and to discuss the relationship between the state and the individual, society and the individual, and the category and the individual; it will also help cultivate social psychology resources and support systems at a time of social transition, and thus promote social cooperation. Unlike previous analytical studies that focused on a unitary mechanism, this study uses the discussion of two cases to put forward a new framework for analysis: that is, the Chinese concept of “us” comes into being through the mingling of “guanxilization” and “categorization” under the influence of social context priming, value orientation and other factors.
Personality, threat identification and emotional processing

Individual differences in threat identification moderate the associations of personality with emotional experience and behaviour. The present two studies examined whether adeptness at threat identification also moderates the associations between personality and emotional processing. Participants completed personality scales, different emotional processing measures and a threat versus non‐threat categorization task. Adeptness at threat identification moderated the relations between agreeableness and negative interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, negative reactivity and positive likelihood judgments, and the relation between neuroticism and negative recall. The results supported the view that agreeableness and adeptness at threat identification together form a self‐regulation system. The results may have important implications for trait and health psychology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Premenarcheal Versus Postmenarcheal Anorexia Nervosa: A Comparative Study

Onset of anorexia nervosa prior to menarche is rarely encountered and little is known about clinical and psychological differences between this group and the more typical postmenarcheal patient. This cross-sectional investigation compared 26 premenarcheal patients with 69 with secondary amenorrhea. Menarcheal status was confirmed with Tanner scaling obtained via pediatric examination. Duration of illness was equal among the groups. Differences between the groups included higher internal locus of control and need for approval through socially desirable behavior among premenarcheal patients. In addition, premenarcheal patients scored significantly lower on several subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory. These findings suggest that some of the features associated with anorexia nervosa, including reward dependence, pseudomaturity, and ego-syntonicity (i.e. apparent absence of distress despite the seriousness of the symptoms) are amplified in premenarcheal patients. Methodological problems and clinical implications are discussed.
Neural Differentiation in HDAC1-Depleted Cells Is Accompanied by Coilin Downregulation and the Accumulation of Cajal Bodies in Nucleoli

Cajal bodies (CBs) are important compartments containing accumulated proteins that preferentially regulate RNA-related nuclear events, including splicing. Here, we studied the nuclear distribution pattern of CBs in neurogenesis. In adult brains, coilin was present at a high density, but CB formation was absent in the nuclei of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. Cells of the adult hippocampus were characterized by a crescent-like morphology of coilin protein. We additionally observed a 70 kDa splice variant of coilin in adult mouse brains, which was different to embryonic brains and mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells (mESCs), characterized by the 80 kDa standard variant of coilin. Here, we also showed that depletion of coilin is induced during neural differentiation and HDAC1 deficiency in mESCs caused coilin accumulation inside the fibrillarin-positive region of the nucleoli. A similar distribution pattern was observed in adult brain hippocampi, characterized by lower levels of both coilin and HDAC1. In summary, we observed that neural differentiation and HDAC1 deficiency lead to coilin depletion and coilin accumulation in body-like structures inside the nucleoli.
The serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism moderates the continuity of behavioral inhibition in early childhood

Abstract Persistently elevated behavioral inhibition (BI) in children is a marker of vulnerability to psychopathology. However, little research has considered the joint influences of caregiver and child factors that may moderate the continuity of BI in early childhood, particularly genetic variants that may serve as markers of biological plasticity, such as the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). We explored this issue in 371 preschoolers and their caregivers, examining whether parent characteristics (i.e., overinvolvement or anxiety disorder) and child 5-HTTLPR influenced the continuity of BI between ages 3 and 5. Measures were observational ratings of child BI, observational and questionnaire measures of parenting, and parent interviews for anxiety disorder history, and children were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR. Parent factors did not moderate the association between age 3 and age 5 BI; however, child BI at age 3 interacted with children's 5-HTTLPR variants to predict age 5 BI, such that children with at least one copy of the short allele exhibited less continuity of BI over time relative to children without this putative plasticity variant. Findings are consistent with previous work indicating the 5-HTTLPR short variant increases plasticity to contextual influences, thereby serving to decrease the continuity of BI in early childhood.
Perceptual salience of language-specific acoustic differences in autonomous fillers across eight languages

Are acoustic differences in autonomous fillers salient for the human perception ? Acoustic measurements have been carried out on autonomous fillers from eight languages (Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, French, German, Italian, European Portuguese, American English and Latin American Spanish). They exhibit timbre differences of the support vowel of autonomous fillers across languages. In order to evaluate their salience for human perception, two discrimination experiments have been conducted, French/L2 and Portuguese/L2. These experiments test the capacity to discriminate languages by listening to isolated autonomous fillers without any lexical support and without any context. As listeners have been native French speakers, the Portuguese/L2 experiments aim at evaluating a potential mother tongue bias. Results show that the perceptual discrimination performance depends on the language pair identity and they are consistent with the acoustic measures. The present study aims at providing some insight for acoustic filler models used in automatic speech processing in a multilingual context.
Hormones and Calcium: Mechanisms Controlling Uterine Smooth Muscle Contractile Activity

The regulation of myometrial contraction is of paramount importance for the maintenance of pregnancy and for parturition. Understanding this regulation involves delineating the pathways that control myometrial contraction and relaxation and defining the regulation of these pathways. The pathways can be broken down further into those signalling cascades controlling the concentration of intracellular free calcium (Ca2+i) and those controlling the contractile apparatus itself. This discussion focuses primarily on the former and their regulation during pregnancy. In particular, cross‐talk between the contractant and relaxant signalling pathways mediated through cyclic AMP is markedly changed at the end of pregnancy.