Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Illusion of Conscious Will

Do we consciously cause our actions, or do they happen to us? Philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, theologians, and lawyers have long debated the existence of free will versus determinism. The first edition of this book proposed an innovative and provocative answer: the feeling of conscious will is created by the mind and brain; it helps us to appreciate and remember our authorship of the things our minds and bodies do. Yes, we feel that we consciously will our actions, the book says, but at the same time, our actions happen to us. Although conscious will is an illusion (“the most compelling illusion”), it serves as a guide to understanding ourselves and to developing a sense of responsibility and morality. This new edition includes a foreword and an introduction. Approaching conscious will as a topic of psychological study, the book examines cases both when people feel that they are willing an act that they are not doing and when they are not willing an act that they in fact are doing in such phenomena as hypnosis, Ouija board spelling, and dissociative identity disorder. The author's argument was immediately controversial (called “unwarranted impertinence” by one scholar) but also compelling, and the book has been called the author's magnum opus.
Wisc Factor Structure for Normal Negro Pre-School Children

In order to estimate the dimensionality of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, factor analysis was applied to a 30 by 30 intercorrelation matrix of the WISC and four reference tests. The 10 standard WISC subtests, except Coding, were split into two, three, or four parts to yield as many variables as possible. Ss, were 111 Negro pre-school children; mean age, 6 yr. 1 mo. ; the mean full scale IQ was 84. Evidence is presented supporting 10 statistically significant orthogonal dimensions. Not all factors are perfectly congruent with the subtest structure of the WISC or concordant with the results of prior factorizations of the WISC at the pre-school level. There is no factor for Block Design apart from Picture Arrangement. The Digit Span subtest splits involve three different WISC factors, two are from the performance section of the test and one is from the verbal section. Coding is involved in only one factor; Manipulation of Areas, one of the non-verbal reference tests. At least 7 of the 10 significant pre-school factors are readily identified by WISC subtests or combinations of WISC subtests.
Caring for Country, a Form of Bureaucratic Participation. Conservation, Development, and Neoliberalism in Indigenous Australia

‘Conservation-as-development’ policies are increasingly implemented for and by Indigenous peoples across the world. In particular, such policies have been introduced and adopted in many Indigenous communities of northern Australia since the 1990s. In this context, the transnational model of community-based natural (and cultural) resource management has produced the ‘ranger system’: a multi-actor, multi-rationale, and multi-level system articulated around job opportunities in the domain of ‘caring for country’. In this paper, I explore how the ranger system reflects and extends a process of neoliberal bureaucratisation into Indigenous communities, and to what extent this process can be described as a form of ‘bureaucratic participation’. I argue that the notion of ‘bureaucratic participation’ contributes to the investigation of existing entanglements between rationales of empowerment and neoliberal principles in Australia and beyond. My analysis is based on the ethnography of the daily work of the Indigenous rangers operating from a remote community in Arnhem Land in 2009 and 2010. I examine the complex relationships between local practices and bureaucratic requirements imposed by the Australian state at the core of the Indigenous ranger jobs.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/CCdh1 degrades MCPH1 after MCPH1‐βTrCP2‐Cdc25A‐mediated mitotic entry to ensure neurogenesis

Mutations of microcephalin (MCPH1) can cause the neurodevelopmental disorder primary microcephaly type 1. We previously showed that MCPH1 deletion in neural stem cells results in early mitotic entry that distracts cell division mode, leading to exhaustion of the progenitor pool. Here, we show that MCPH1 interacts with and promotes the E3 ligase βTrCP2 to degrade Cdc25A independent of DNA damage. Overexpression of βTrCP2 or the knockdown of Cdc25A remedies the high mitotic index and rescues the premature differentiation of Mcph1‐deficient neuroprogenitors in vivo. MCPH1 itself is degraded by APC/CCdh1, but not APC/CCdc20, in late mitosis and G1 phase. Forced MCPH1 expression causes cell death, underlining the importance of MCPH1 turnover after mitosis. Ectopic expression of Cdh1 leads to premature differentiation of neuroprogenitors, mimicking differentiation defects of Mcph1‐knockout neuroprogenitors. The homeostasis of MCPH1 in association with the ubiquitin‐proteasome system ensures mitotic entry independent of cell cycle checkpoint. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how MCPH1 controls neural stem cell fate and brain development.
MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late-life-onset geriatric depression

We sought to determine whether geriatric patients with late-life-onset major depression have more subcortical hyperintensities on MRI and greater cognitive impairment than age-matched geriatric patients with early-life-onset major depression, suggesting that subcortical disease may be etiologic in late-life depression. Most negative studies of the clinical significance of subcortical hyperintensities on MRI in geriatric patients have sampled from a restricted range of subjects, have employed limited batteries of neuropsychological tests, or have not quantified MRI changes; the present study attempted to address these limitations. Thirty subjects from a geriatric psychiatry inpatient service who were over 60 years of age and presented with major depression were divided into groups with onset of first depression after age 60 (mean = 72.4 years, 15 women, 0 men), and onset of first depression before age 60 (mean = 35.8 years, 12 women, 3 men). Quantitative analysis of MRI yielded the volume of: periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep white-matter hyperintensities (DWMH). Subjects were administered a neuropsychological battery and measures of depression by raters blind to age of onset. The late-onset group had significantly more PVH and DWMH. They were also more impaired on executive and verbal and nonverbal memory tasks. Discriminant function analysis using the severity of subcortical signal hyperintensities on MRI, cognitive index, and depression scores correctly predicted late versus early onset of depression in 87% of the early-onset group and 80% of the late-onset group. These findings suggest that late-life-onset depression may be associated with an increased severity of subcortical vascular disease and greater impairment of cognitive performance. NEUROLOGY 1996;46: 1567-1574
Early Mathematical Learning: Number Processing Skills and Executive Function at 5 and 8 Years of Age

This research investigated differences and associations in performance in number processing and executive function for children attending primary school in a large Australian metropolitan city. In a cross-sectional study, performance of 25 children in the first full-time year of school, (Prep; mean age = 5.5 years) and 21 children in Year 3 (mean age = 8.5 years) completed three number processing tasks and three executive function tasks. Year 3 children consistently outperformed the Prep year children on measures of accuracy and reaction time, on the tasks of number comparison, calculation, shifting, and inhibition but not on number line estimation. The components of executive function (shifting, inhibition, and working memory) showed different patterns of correlation to performance on number processing tasks across the early years of school. Findings could be used to enhance teachers’ understanding about the role of the cognitive processes employed by children in numeracy learning, and so inform teachers’ classroom practices.
She pushed Me, and I flew: A duoethnographical story from supervisors in flight

Sometimes the different versions of a story should not be reduced to a single "truth," although it is often the role of researchers to do just that. Duoethnography is a methodology that allows multiple views of the same event(s) to be examined, each from within its own context, without the expectation of a final resolution. In this article we use a duoethnographical approach to explore the supervisor-doctoral student dynamic that occurred during the production of a creative thesis from within a science-focused faculty. We experiment with the idea that duoethnography can assist us to negotiate the power relations of pedagogy in telling the story of our relationship, without the need to privilege one voice over another. The article has a dual focus: to inform supervision practices, and to show how we went about the process of "doing" duoethnography. It is (re)presented as a series of conversations, (re)constituted from many messy interactions that took place over a period of three months in 2012. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1501153
Mood and Global Symptom Changes among Psychotherapy Clients with Depressive Personality

The present study assessed the rate of depressive personality (DP), as measured by the self-report instrument depressive personality disorder inventory (DPDI), among 159 clients entering psychotherapy at an outpatient university clinic. The presenting clinical profile was evaluated for those with and without DP, including levels of depressed mood, other psychological symptoms, and global severity of psychopathology. Clients were followed naturalistically over the course of therapy, up to 40 weeks, and reassessed on these variables again after treatment. Results indicated that 44 percent of the sample qualified for DP prior to treatment, and these individuals had a comparatively more severe and complex presenting disposition than those without DP. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine between-groups changes on mood and global severity over time, with those with DP demonstrating larger reductions on both outcome variables, although still showing more symptoms after treatment, than those without DP. Only eleven percent of the sample continued to endorse DP following treatment. These findings suggest that in routine clinical situations, psychotherapy may benefit individuals with DP.
Incorporating visual features into word embeddings: A bimodal autoencoder-based approach

Multimodal semantic representation is an evolving area of research in natural language processing as well as computer vision. Combining or integrating perceptual information, such as visual features, with linguistic features is recently being actively studied. This paper presents a novel bi-modal autoencoder model for multimodal representation learning: the autoencoder learns in order to enhance linguistic feature vectors by incorporating the corresponding visual features. During the runtime, owing to the trained neural network, visually enhanced multimodal representations can be achieved even for words for which direct visual-linguistic correspondences are not learned. The empirical results obtained with standard semantic relatedness tasks demonstrate that our approach is generally promising. We further investigate the potential efﬁcacy of the enhanced word embeddings in discriminating antonyms and synonyms from vaguely related words.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Two Lectins from Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) Blossoms Related to the Sam n1 Allergen

Sambucus species contain a number of lectins with and without antiribosomal activity. Here, we show that dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) blossoms express two d-galactose-binding lectins that were isolated and purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. These proteins, which we named ebulin blo (A-B toxin) and SELblo (B-B lectin)—blo from blossoms—were subjected to molecular characterization and analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and tryptic peptide fingerprinting. Both lectins share a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with Sambucus lectins related to the Sam n1 allergen. Ebulin blo, but not SELblo, was highly toxic by nasal instillation to mice. Overall, our results suggested that both lectins would belong to an allergen family exemplified by Sam n1 and could trigger allergy responses. Furthermore, they raise a concern about ebulin blo toxicity.
Comparisons of Angus-, Braunvieh-, Chianina-, Hereford-, Gelbvieh-, Maine Anjou-, and Red Poll-sired cows for weight, weight adjusted for body condition score, height, and body condition score.

Data from Angus, Hereford, and top-cross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows sired by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters.
Do Messages about Health Risks Threaten the Self? Increasing the Acceptance of Threatening Health Messages Via Self-Affirmation

Two studies demonstrate that self-image maintenance processes affect the acceptance of personally relevant health messages. Participants who completed a self-affirmation were less defensive and more accepting of health information. In Study 1, female participants (high vs. low relevance) read an article linking caffeine consumption to breast cancer. High-relevance women rejected the information more than did low-relevance women; however, affirmed high-relevance women accepted the information and intended to change their behavior accordingly. In Study 2, sexually active participants viewed an AIDS educational video; affirmed participants saw themselves at greater risk for HIV and purchased condoms more often than did nonaffirmed participants. Results suggest that health messages can threaten an individual’s self-image and that self-affirming techniques can increase the effectiveness of health information and lead to positive health behaviors.
Hip disorders and osteoarthritis: focus on health-related quality of life, assesssment and intervention

The overall aims of this work were to investigate the consequences of hip disorders and hip osteoarthritis (OA) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) physical function and self-efficacy. The condition, hip OA, is often associated with significant pain and has a strong impact on physical function and quality of life. The prevalence of hip disorders were 32% and among the individuals reporting hip disorders 86% experienced pain, 32% stiffness and 20% weakness and 92% of those with hip disorders also reported disorders in other joints. In individuals with hip OA, better physical function and better self-efficacy were associated with higher perceived health-related quality of life. A new instrument for assessing movement quality, the Body Awareness Movement Quality (BAS MQ)was examined. The inter-rater reliabiliy and validity were acceptable in a group of individuals with hip OA. Eighty-nine individuals with hip OA were randomized either to Tai Chi for Arthritis, Hip School or a control group. Within group-differences showed a significant improvement between baseline and the 6- months follow-up in physical function in both intervention group and the Tai Chi group also improved significantly in self-efficacy. No significant differences, regarding physical function, self-efficacy or HRQL, were seen at 6-or 12 months follow-up whwn comparing the groups.
Trends in asthma mortality among African Americans and whites in Chicago, 1968 through 1991.

Death certificate data were used to examine asthma mortality among African Americans and Whites aged 5 through 34 years in Chicago from 1968 through 1991. African Americans experienced consistently higher asthma mortality throughout the period. Asthma mortality remained stable among Whites from 1968 through 1991 but increased by 337% among African Americans from 1976 through 1991 (P < .001). The increase was greatest among 20- through 34-year-olds. Between 1979 and 1991, outpatient and emergency department deaths increased significantly, while the proportion of dead-on-arrival cases remained stable at 51%. This shift to non-inpatient deaths suggests that lack of access to health care may play a role in increasing asthma mortality.
Time Course of Denervation of Efferent Sympathetic and Vagal Nerves After Occlusion of the Coronary Artery in the Canine Heart

To determine the time course of efferent sympathetic denervation after transmural myocardial infarction (TMI) and of efferent vagal denervation after transmural or nontransmural myocardial infarction (NTMI), we measured effective refractory periods (ERP) basal and apical to TMI or NTMI in secobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. In eight dogs with latex-induced TMI, bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation shortened ERP at all 45 apical and basal test sites before latex injection. After latex injection, ERP shortening was unchanged at all 15 basal sites but was eliminated (±2 msec shortening) at three apical sites in 5-20 minutes and at 14 of 30 apical sites 30-180 minutes after latex injection. At the remaining 13 apical sites, ERP shortening was not eliminated but attenuated significantly in 5-180 minutes. ERP shortening induced by infused norepinephrine (0.20−0.25 μg/kg/min) did not differ between basal and apical test sites 3-4 hours after latex injection; that is, no supersensitivity occurred. Of six dogs with TMI produced by ligation of multiple coronary arteries without latex injection, ERP shortening induced by efferent sympathetic neural stimulation was eliminated at 10 apical sites in four dogs over a period of 3 hours. At 14 apical sites that did not show denervation in these six dogs, ERP shortening was unchanged. In seven dogs with latex-induced TMI, bilateral vagal stimulation lengthened ERP at all 40 apical and basal test sites before latex injection. Vagally induced ERP lengthening was unchanged at all 13 basal sites after latex injection. ERP lengthening was eliminated (±1 msec lengthening) at four of 27 apical sites in 5-20 minutes and at 13 apical sites 30-180 minutes after latex injection. At the remaining 10 apical sites, ERP lengthening was not eliminated but decreased significantly 3 hours after latex injection. Of nine dogs with ligation-induced NTMI, five dogs showed elimination of vagally induced ERP lengthening at eight apical sites in 3 hours after ligation. ERP lengthening induced by vagal stimulation was unchanged at all 17 basal sites in nine dogs with NTMI. We conclude that TMI produced by latex injection and ligation of multiple coronary arteries produces heterogeneous loss of efferent sympathetic innervation in noninfarcted apical sites as early as 5-20 minutes after coronary occlusion with more complete denervation occurring over time. Loss of efferent vagal innervation also occurs heterogeneously in 5-20 minutes after coronary occlusion by latex injection (TMI) and by ligation of a diagonal branch (NTMI) and continues with more sites losing efferent responsiveness over time.
What happens when school reform and accountability testing meet

W E WORKED SO HARD LAST SUMMER and during the school year; the teachers worked nonstop. We had heard from others, and I believed, that if you teach kids to think critically and analyze, they will do well on any kind of test. But this did not pan out, even though there was a lot of learning going on. The students were engaged, discipline problems dropped by two-thirds, attendance rose, but their test scores went down. We have a new superintendent. She looked at last year's scores and compared them to this year's. She then read out the difference in scores at an administrative council meeting. She read them out from top to bottom (high positive gain to high negative change). My stomach churned as I listened and listened and didn't hear my school. My stomach is still churning . Maybe the low scores mean we've done a good job of implementing the reform-but that's hollow thanks. (Mitchell, 1996, pp. 17, 9)
Influence of Circadian Typology and Time of Day on Temporal Preparation

The present study addressed the interactions between processes of circadian and millisecond timing by testing whether the ability for temporal preparation is influenced both by individual differences in circadian rhythmicity and by the time of day at which a task is performed. A temporal preparation task that measures temporal orienting and sequential effects was administered to morning-type and evening-type groups of participants, both in morning and evening sessions. The results confirmed a synchrony effect on overall reaction time (RT), indicating that participants were most vigilant at their optimal time of day according to their specific chronotype. This synchrony effect, however, did not influence temporal orienting or sequential effects. These findings suggest that only processes mediating overall RT (vigilance) but not processes related to temporal preparation are susceptible to circadian influence. The current research thus supports the dissociation between circadian timing and temporal preparation.