Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critically conscious examination of special education within FSL and its relevance to FSL teacher education programs

Using the lens of critical theory, this article explores the tenuous relationship between special education and French Second Language (FSL) education, particularly as it manifests in the issue of including students with language-based learning disabilities/difficulties within the French immersion context. Drawing on considerations of these issues within empirical, theoretical, and popular literature, the authors point out that the current tensions are borne of conflicting ideals about what should comprise the requisite educational experience of students who learn in atypical ways in an age where learner difference is fully expected to be accommodated. Through this analysis, the authors consider how FSL teacher education programs could become sites for reconciling these tensions and potentially enabling greater inclusion within FSL programs, even though their current structures could explain some of the tensions that exist between the fields of special and FSL education.
Consumo de drogas en adolescentes con conductas infractoras: análisis de variables psicosociales implicadas

Las investigaciones muestran que droga y delincuencia aparecen frecuentemente asociados, siendo una practica habitual entre los menores infractores el consumo de distintos tipos de sustancias. A su vez, existen ciertas caracteristicas psicosociales que estan relacionadas tanto con el consumo de drogas como con la conducta delictiva y/o antisocial. Nos planteamos por tanto en este estudio profundizar sobre la relacion entre el consumo de drogas en menores infractores y ciertas variables del ambito psicosocial de este colectivo. Para conseguir este objetivo se ha analizado el total de expedientes de menores infractores archivados en el Servicio de Justicia Juvenil de la provincia de Jaen, desde 2001 hasta 2010. De los expedientes consultados se han analizado variables demograficas como el genero y la edad, asi como variables de tipo psicosocial como son el consumo de drogas, conducta violenta, grupo de iguales, el autocontrol, la tolerancia a la frustracion y el estilo atribucional. Los resultados muestran que la mayoria de los menores infractores consumen algun tipo de sustancia, asi como la existencia de diferencias en el patron de consumo en funcion del genero. Tambien se observa que existe relacion entre el consumo de sustancias y pertenecer a un grupo de iguales desviado, la conducta violenta y las variables psicologicas mencionadas, asi como diferencias en estas variables psicologicas en funcion del tipo de droga consumida.
Positively pregnant: Teenage women's experiences of negotiating pregnancy with their families

abstract Research on teenage pregnancy and motherhood inevitably also involves a focus on teenagers’ sexuality, intimate interpersonal relationships and reproductive choices. In South Africa, as in the global context, teenage fertility is mostly problematised - assumed to be a social and health concern. South African research shows that teenage pregnancy and parenting cannot be understood outside the complex realms of culture, class and historically racialised differences. In the local context, teenage pregnancy has in the main been approached as inherently problematic, with pregnant girls positioned as vulnerable victims or misguided, ‘bad’ girls. The negative, pathologising and judgemental response of communities, families, schools and even peers to pregnant and parenting learners at school has been increasingly documented, as has the tendency of researchers and professionals to reproduce and legitimise such discourses. Conducted within a feminist framework and adopting a social constructionist theoretical base, this article is based on a qualitative study of a group of teenage parents at schools in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, and their narratives of their experiences of becoming pregnant. In particular, how this group of young women negotiated the experience of becoming pregnant and the pregnancy and impending parenthood with their family is explored. Findings revealed that experiences of being pregnant and becoming parents are mostly framed within relationships of control, regulation and power, especially in relation to parental authority. Ways in which this group of young women resisted being constructed negatively and punitively and displayed agentic and strategic creativity in negotiating acceptance and support for their pregnancy within their families are highlighted.
Effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on subtilisin Carlsberg proteolysis of an immobilized ovalbumin film

Enzymatic degradation of immobilized ovalbumin multilayer films by subtilisin Carlsberg was investigated using in situ ellipsometry. Changes in the substrate cleavage rate in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), were assessed. Exposure of the protein film to SDBS prior to introduction of the enzyme increased the measured proteolysis rate threefold. Surfactant increased the measured film thickness, absorbing into the protein film and causing swelling. Surfactant‐induced film swelling was reversible upon aqueous rinsing. Nevertheless, exposure of enzyme to the surfactant‐rinsed film increased the proteolysis rate, most likely due to irreversible conformational changes induced in the substrate film by the surfactant. Simultaneous addition of SDBS with enzyme after the initial surfactant exposure did not produce additional protein‐removal benefit. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1273–1277. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of evidence factors and victim characteristics on prosecutors' charging decisions in sexual assault cases

Feminists contend that legally irrelevant victim characteristics determine the outcome of sexual assault cases. They argue that criminal justice officials base their decisions on stereotypes of rape, and that only “real rapes” with “genuine victims” are taken seriously. Our empirical study of Detroit prosecutors' charging decisions in sexual assault cases confirms this: We found that the only significant predictors of charging were victim characteristics. Prosecutors were much more likely to file charges if the victim was an adolescent or an adult rather than a child. Charging also was affected by the victim's moral character and her behavior at the time of the incident. Moreover, these victim characteristics influenced charging regardless of the strength of evidence in the case or whether the crime was classified as an aggravated or a simple sexual assault. Overall the results of this study suggest that Detroit prosecutors regard victim characteristics as relevant to convictability in all types of sexual.
Early specification of oligodendrocytes in the chick embryonic brain.

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system of vertebrates. In the rodent embryo, these cells have been shown to emerge from restricted territories of the neuroepithelium. However, a comprehensive view of the development of oligodendroglial populations from their ventricular sources remains to be established. As a first step toward this aim, we have examined in vivo the spatiotemporal emergence of oligodendrocytes in the chick embryonic brain. We have detailed the patterns of expression of three early markers of the oligodendroglial lineage: the plp/dm-20 and PDGFRalpha transcripts and the O4-reactive antigen. During embryonic development, these molecules showed a similar segmental pattern of expression. However, plp/dm-20(+) cells were already observed, in the ventricular layer, at E2.5, i.e., 2 days before the appearance of O4(+) and PDGFRalpha(+) cells, suggesting that oligodendrocyte precursors arise nearly simultaneously with neurons. In the chick embryonic brain, the onset of expression of plp/dm-20 appears therefore to be the earliest event indicative of oligodendroglial specification and we propose, based on the expression of plp/dm-20 transcript, a ventricular map of the foci at which oligodendrocytes originate. In addition, we document the precocious segregation, from E5, of plp/dm-20(+) and PDGFRalpha(+) oligodendroglial cells in the subventricular and mantle layers of the brain.
Pilot study on agricultural pesticide poisoning in Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT Epidemiologic data related to agricultural pesticide poisoning cases in Burkina Faso were collected. The study was carried out using retrospective (from January 2002 to June 2010) surveys conducted among farmers and healthcare centers. One hundred and fiftythree (153) pest control products were recorded during the survey and 56 active ingredients were identified. Out of the 153 pest control products, 49 (i.e. 32%) were authorized for sale in Burkina Faso. The main risk factors are socio-demographic characteristics of farmers, their low education level, and some attitudes and practices on using agricultural pesticides. Pesticide poisonings are relatively frequent and their management was not always efficacious. Actions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning as a global public health problem and to improve management of pesticide poisoning. To this purpose, advanced investigations should be carried out over a longer period of time to complement the present pilot study
Choosing to Report: Characteristics of Employees Who Report the Counterproductive Work Behavior of Others

Managers typically expect employees to report counterproductive work behavior (CWB) when they see or have knowledge of other employees engaging in such acts. However, the degree to which individuals actually report CWB to company officials has not been addressed in the literature. Previous research has also not explored the personality traits, attitudes, and workplace behaviors of those employees who report CWB on the part of others. Hence, we conducted 2 studies with 2 independent samples to provide information on both of these points in an effort to assist organizations in curbing negative workplace acts and in making more informed personnel selection decisions.
Crustal radial anisotropy across Eastern Tibet and the Western Yangtze Craton

Phase velocities across eastern Tibet and surrounding regions are mapped using Rayleigh (8–65 s) and Love (8–44 s) wave ambient noise tomography based on data from more than 400 Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere and Chinese Earthquake Array stations. A Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion method is applied to generate 3‐D distributions of Vsh and Vsv in the crust and uppermost mantle from which radial anisotropy and isotropic Vs are estimated. Each distribution is summarized with a mean and standard deviation, but is also used to identify “highly probable” structural attributes, which include (1) positive midcrustal radial anisotropy (Vsh > Vsv) across eastern Tibet (spatial average = 4.8% ± 1.4%) that terminates abruptly near the border of the high plateau, (2) weaker (−1.0% ± 1.4%) negative radial anisotropy (Vsh < Vsv) in the shallow crust mostly in the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane, (3) negative midcrustal anisotropy (−2.8% ± 0.9%) in the Longmenshan region, (4) positive midcrustal radial anisotropy (5.4% ± 1.4%) beneath the Sichuan Basin, and (5) low Vs in the middle crust (3.427 ± 0.050 km/s) of eastern Tibet. Midcrustal Vs < 3.4 km/s (perhaps consistent with partial melt) is highly probable only for three distinct regions: the northern Songpan‐Ganzi, the northern Chuandian, and part of the Qiangtang terranes. Midcrustal anisotropy provides evidence for sheet silicates (micas) aligned by deformation with a shallowly dipping foliation plane beneath Tibet and the Sichuan Basin and a steeply dipping or subvertical foliation plane in the Longmenshan region. Near vertical cracks or faults are believed to cause the negative anisotropy in the shallow crust underlying Tibet.
First report of CTX-M-14 producing clinical isolates of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium from Egypt.

Three pediatric isolates of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium from Egypt were reported as CTX-M-14 ESBL producers. Two of the 3 isolates (68 and 111) were 85% related by PFGE;however both were distinct from isolate 94. All three isolates produced multiple clavulanate sensitive β-lactamase bands on IEF with pIs of 7.9 and 5.4 (all isolates), while pI 8.2 enzyme was produced by isolate 94 and pI 7.4 enzyme by isolate 111. The pI 7.9 enzyme was transferable by conjugation and conferred a CTX-M ESBL phenotype. PCR and sequencing identified the CTX-M gene as CTX-M-14. Genes for OXA-1 and SHV-12 were also identified by sequencing. To our knowledge this is the first report of CTX-M-producing Salmonella in Egypt.
Examen psicométrico del Cuestionario de Clima Social del Centro Escolar en estudiantes chilenos

Psychometric examination of the School Social Climate Questionnaire in Chileans students. The School Social Climate Questionnaire (CECSCE) was adapted and applied. Subsequently, its psychometric proprieties were analyzed. The 1075 Chilean students who participated were assessed with the CECSCE and the School Violence Scale. The results showed that the CECSCE has a bifactorial structure, although there was also the possibility of a unifactorial structure. The CECSCE achieved satisfactory reliability and homogeneity indexes. The CECSCES scores were inversely related to the school violence rate. Lastly, differences by gender and educational level were analyzed. Given that there are differences in school climate perceptions in favor of girls, Chilean standards are presented in percentiles by gender. It can therefore be concluded that the CECSCE is sufficiently valid and reliable to be applied in Chile.
Modulation of carbohydrate and fat utilization by diet, exercise and environment.

At rest and during exercise carbohydrate and fat are the predominant substrates. They are oxidized simultaneously but the relative contribution of these two substrates is dependent on a variety of factors including the exercise intensity and duration, diet, environmental conditions and training status. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during the transition from rest to exercise and from low- to high-intensity exercise are mainly due to allosteric regulation. The factors that up-regulate fat metabolism in the transition to moderate-intensity exercise and the factors that result in a down-regulation of fat metabolism at higher intensities are incompletely understood. Substrate use is further modulated by the endocrine milieu (e.g. catecholamines, insulin, cortisol) and possibly cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6). With increasing duration of exercise there are marked increases in fat metabolism and decreases in carbohydrate metabolism and this has been ascribed mainly to substrate availability. Both acute food intake and chronic diets also have profound effects on substrate utilization. An increase in carbohydrate intake will rapidly suppress fat metabolism and increase carbohydrate metabolism whereas such an adaptation to a high-fat diet may take several days. The environmental conditions can also alter substrate use; high ambient temperatures can increase glycogen breakdown as a result of increased body core temperature and increased circulation catecholamines. Low temperatures can also increase carbohydrate metabolism, especially when shivering. In addition to these factors adaptation to training, in particular endurance training, will reduce the reliance on carbohydrate metabolism and increase fat oxidation, especially from intramuscular triacylglycerol stores.
Maximum likelihood algorithm for parametric component separation in cosmic microwave background experiments

We discuss an approach to the component separation of microwave, multifrequency sky maps as those typically produced from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data sets. The algorithm is based on the two-step, parametric, likelihood-based technique recently elaborated on by Eriksen et al., where the foreground spectral parameters are estimated prior to the actual separation of the components. In contrast with the previous approaches, we accomplish the former task with help of an analytically derived likelihood function for the spectral parameters, which, we show, yields estimates equal to the maximum likelihood values of the full multidimensional data problem. We then use these estimates to perform the second step via the standard, generalized-least-squares-like procedure. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is equivalent to a direct maximization of the full data likelihood, which is recast in a computationally tractable form. We use the corresponding curvature matrices to characterize statistical properties of the recovered parameters. We incorporate in the formalism some of the essential features of the CMB data sets, such as inhomogeneous pixel domain noise, unknown map offsets as well as calibration errors and study their consequences for the separation. We find that the calibration is likely to have a dominant effect on the precision of the spectral parameter determination for a realistic CMB experiment. We apply the algorithm to simulated data and discuss the results. Our focus is on partial sky, total intensity and polarization, CMB experiments such as planned balloon-borne and ground-based efforts, however, the techniques presented here should be also applicable to the full-sky data as for instance, those produced by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite and anticipated from the Planck mission.
Navigating Multiple Worlds: A Grounded Theory of Latina Students' Identity as Latina First-Generation College Students

Title of Dissertation: NAVIGATING MULTIPLE WORLDS: A GROUNDED THEORY OF LATINA STUDENTS’ IDENTITY AS LATINA FIRSTGENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS Patricia Lynn Alvarez, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Directed By: Associate Professor Marylu K. McEwen Department of Counseling and Personnel Services The purpose of this study was to explore Latina students’ identity as Latina firstgeneration college students. Constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006) was used to explore two research questions: (a) For Latina students who are the first in their family to go to college, what is their understanding of being a Latina first-generation college student? (b) What strengths do Latina first-generation college students associate with being a Latina first-generation college student? A grounded theory of Latina students’ identity as Latina first-generation college students was an outcome of this study. Two interviews were conducted with 12 Latina first-generation college students enrolled at the University of Maryland. Participants were considered first-generation college students if their parents’ educational background did not exceed high school in the U.S. or some postsecondary education outside of the U.S., and if a sibling had not preceded them in attending college. Participants were racially/ethnically diverse, with the majority of students identifying as Central and South American. The metaphor, navigating multiple worlds, particularly the Family Environment and the University Environment, describes the negotiation of experiences that inform Latina students’ identity as Latina first-generation college students. Core identities of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Role as College Student, and Role within Family represent multiple and intersecting dimensions salient to Latina students’ identity as Latina firstgeneration college students. Latina first-generation college students negotiated Latino/a Values and Expectations, “American” Values and Expectations, College and Family Responsibilities, Pioneering Higher Education, Responsibility to Give Back to Family and Latino/a Community, and Pressure and Pride. Living at the intersection of multiple worlds, including experiences as “the first” to attend an institution of higher education and engaging both in Latino/a culture and in “American” culture, contributed to the pressure that Latina first-generation college students experience. Latina students also received support from these distinct environments that enabled the participants to engage in culturally and educationally distinct worlds. Participants associated six strengths with being Latina first-generation college students: Family, Latino/a Culture, Spanish Language/Being Bilingual, Determination, Support Network – Prior to College and During College, and Sense of Responsibility to Help Others. This study has implications for research, theory, and practice. NAVIGATING MULTIPLE WORLDS: A GROUNDED THEORY OF LATINA STUDENTS’ IDENTITY AS LATINA FIRST-GENERATION COLLEGE STUDENTS
Schooling in a Youth Prison.

This paper examines schooling inside a youth prison. We draw on interview and observation data from a study of a youth prison school to understand the practices and tensions of schooling in a juvenile incarceration facility. We describe the processes of schooling in the facility with an eye towards understanding both the conditions of learning and the ways that the prison context affords or constrains student learning opportunities. We describe several key features of schooling in a youth prison, which include: physical context and classroom settings; institutional emphasis on safety and control; the stigmatization of students; student transience due to movement through the legal system; disconnection between incarceration school and the school they attended before imprisonment. Possibilities of youth prison education to be transformative are also discussed.
VALIDATION OF THE SATISFACTION WITH LIFE SCALE IN A SAMPLE OF HONG KONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used to examine the Satisfaction With Life Scale in a sample of Hong Kong university students. The exploratory analyses showed that the Satisfaction With Life Scale had good internal consistency reliability and that it appeared to measure a unidimensional construct. Comparison of Hong Kong students’ scores on the Satisfaction With Life Scale with the normative data for American students and mainland Chinese and Korean students showed that Hong Kong students were more similar, on average, to the American students than to the Asian students in their overall satisfaction with life. Further analysis of the scale’s structure using confirmatory factor analysis found that a modified two-factor model defined by present and past life satisfaction items and which allowed the error variances for two items to correlate fit the data best. However, inspection of the fit indices for the modified two-factor model suggested that it over fit the data, while a modified one-factor model, with correlated errors, also showed acceptable fit. Since the modified one-factor model was more parsimonious and agreed with the theoretical development of the scale as a unidimensional measure of general overall life satisfaction, it was retained. It is suggested that because of the Satisfaction With Life Scale’s good reliability and cross-cultural validity along with its brevity and broad-band nature in assessing overall satisfaction with life it could have wide applicability as an ancillary measure in a number of research areas.
On the Ethics of Facial Transplantation Research

Transplantation continues to push the frontiers of medicine into domains that summon forth troublesome ethical questions. Looming on the frontier today is human facial transplantation. We develop criteria that, we maintain, must be satisfied in order to ethically undertake this as-yet-untried transplant procedure. We draw on the criteria advanced by Dr. Francis Moore in the late 1980s for introducing innovative procedures in transplant surgery. In addition to these we also insist that human face transplantation must meet all the ethical requirements usually applied to health care research. We summarize the achievements of transplant surgery to date, focusing in particular on the safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive medications. We also emphasize the importance of risk/benefit assessments that take into account the physical, aesthetic, psychological, and social dimensions of facial disfiguration, reconstruction, and transplantation. Finally, we maintain that the time has come to move facial transplantation research into the clinical phase.