Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing and causes of piglet mortality in alternative and conventional farrowing systems

The causes and timing of piglet mortality were studied in different farrowing systems. In the first experiment 198 litters were recorded in three systems, two of which allowed the sows to move freely, and the third restricted them in conventional crates. More piglets were weaned from the conventional crates than from the open systems and they grew more quickly. More than half the liveborn mortality occurred during the first four days after parturition. In the open systems, 17 per cent and 14 per cent of the piglets born alive were crushed, compared with only 8 per cent in the crates. In the second experiment, 29 sows and litters were studied in detail in a communal pen system during the first seven days of lactation. Three-quarters of the liveborn mortality was due to crushing. The total number of piglets dying per litter, including stillbirths, was significantly associated with the total litter size and the sow's parity. The percentage livebom mortality was significantly associated with the parity and body length of the sows and with the within-litter variation in the birth weight of the piglets. Individual birth weight was closely associated with percentage survival. Only 28 per cent of piglets weighing less than 1.1 kg at birth survived to seven days.
LDPC codes for Gaussian broadcast channels

We study coding over a class of two-user broadcast channels with additive white Gaussian noise and fading known at the receivers only. Joint decoding of low-density parity-check codes is analyzed. The message update rule at the mapping node linking the users' codes is derived and is shown to exhibit an interesting soft interference cancellation property. Good degree distributions are found using the differential evolution optimization technique and extrinsic information transfer analysis. The corresponding codes have rates close to the boundary of the achievable region for binary constrained input channels, both with and without fading. Simulation results for moderate blocklength show that the optimized codes operate within 1 dB of their thresholds.
PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR CONTROL IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION

Information-oriented jobs are particularly well suited for persons with disabilities, requiring far less physical capability than many other jobs. However, computers themselves may present barriers to workers with physical limitations through poorly designed features and poorly selected adaptive aids. Current methods of input device selection for users with disabilities are unsystematic and rarely result in the selection of a device which allows maximum productivity of the user.
Absolute risk of a subsequent abnormal pap among oncogenic human papillomavirus DNA‐positive, cytologically negative women

The addition of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing to cytologic screening for cervical carcinoma is now being considered. The majority of women in screening cohorts who test positive for oncogenic types of HPV DNA have concurrent negative Pap tests. The absolute risk of a subsequent abnormal Pap test for these women is uncertain. Therefore, the proper counseling and clinical management of these women is also uncertain.
The New and Old Europe: East-West Split in Pharmaceutical Spending

HIGHLIGHTS Since the geopolitical developments of 1989, former centrally planned economies of Eastern Europe followed distinctively different pathways in national pharmaceutical expenditure evolution as compared to their free market Western European counterparts. Long term spending on pharmaceuticals expressed as percentage of total health expenditure was falling in free market economies as of 1989. Back in early 1990s it was at higher levels in transitional Eastern European countries and actually continued to grow further. Public financing share of total pharmaceutical expenditure was steadily falling in most Central and Eastern European countries over the recent few decades. Opposed scenario were EU-15 countries which successfully increased their public funding of prescription medicines for the sake of their citizens. Pace of annual increase in per capita spending on medicines in PPP terms, was at least 20% faster in Eastern Europe compared to their Western counterparts. During the same years, CEE region was expanding their pharmaceuticals share of health spending in eight fold faster annual rate compared to the EU 15. Private and out-of-pocket expenditure became dominant in former socialist countries. Affordability issues coupled with growing income inequality in transitional economies will present a serious challenge to equitable provision and sustainable financing of pharmaceuticals in the long run.
Experimental Physiology –Research Paper: Modulation of N‐type calcium currents by presynaptic imidazoline receptor activation in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons

Presynaptic imidazoline receptors (Ri‐pre) are found in the sympathetic axon terminals of animal and human cardiovascular systems, and they regulate blood pressure by modulating the release of peripheral noradrenaline (NA). The cellular mechanism of Ri‐pre‐induced inhibition of NA release is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the effect of Ri‐pre activation on voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, using the conventional whole‐cell patch‐clamp method. Cirazoline (30 μm), an Ri‐pre agonist as well as an α‐adrenoceptor (Rα) agonist, decreased Ca2+ currents (ICa) by about 50% in a voltage‐dependent manner with prepulse facilitation. In the presence of low‐dose rauwolscine (3 μm), which blocks the α2‐adrenoceptor (Rα2), cirazoline still inhibited ICa by about 30%, but prepulse facilitation was significantly attenuated. This inhibitory action of cirazoline was almost completely prevented by high‐dose rauwolscine (30 μm), which blocks Ri‐pre as well as Rα2. In addition, pretreatment with LY320135 (10 μm), another Ri‐pre antagonist, in combination with low‐dose rauwolscine (3 μm), also blocked the Rα2‐resistant effect of cirazoline. Addition of guanosine‐5′‐O‐(2‐thiodiphosphate) (2 mm) to the internal solutions significantly attenuated the action of cirazoline. However, pertussis toxin (500 ng ml−1) did not significantly influence the inhibitory effect of cirazoline. Moreover, cirazoline (30 μm) suppressed M current in SCG neurons cultured overnight. Finally, ω‐conotoxin (ω‐CgTx) GVIA (1 μm) obstructed cirazoline‐induced current inhibition, and cirazoline (30 μm) significantly decreased the frequency of action potential firing in a partly reversible manner. This cirazoline‐induced inhibition of action potential firing was almost completely occluded in the presence of ω‐CgTx. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of Ri‐pre in SCG neurons reduced N‐type ICa in a pertussis toxin‐ and voltage‐insensitive pathway, and this inhibition attenuated repetitive action potential firing in SCG neurons.
Concurrent Validation of the Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) and Three Experimental Reading Versions (CRTT-R) in Normal Elderly Individuals and Persons With Aphasia

This study evaluated one listening and three reading tasks with stimuli, scoring, and task requirements coherent for auditory and visual administrations of the Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT), thus allowing for direct comparisons across modalities and language functions. Thirty Persons with Aphasia (PWA) and 30 Normal Elderly Individuals (NEI) received the four versions of the CRTT in random order. The Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) and the Reading Comprehension Battery for Aphasia (RCBA) also were administered. In PWA the four versions were strongly related and highly correlated with the PICA and the RCBA. The NEI differed from this pattern.
Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent jobs at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Uttarakhand, India

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and compare job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent basis at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Uttarakhand, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 nurses (125 temporary and 125 permanent) were selected using stratified disproportionate random sampling techniques from a tertiary care teaching hospital. Sociodemographic datasheet, Job Satisfaction Survey scale, and Organizational Commitment scale were used to collect data. Results: The study results revealed that the job satisfaction score was significantly higher in permanent nurses (139.1 ± 15.4) than in temporary nurses (131.3 ± 12.2) (P < 0.001). However, temporary nurses (85.2 ± 14.4) were more committed toward organization than permanent nurses (80.0 ± 16.0) (P < 0.001). There was a significant association between nurses' job satisfaction and their gross salary (P < 0.001) and their organizational commitment with the selected profession by own will (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that majority of temporary and permanent nurses reported a moderate level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study suggests enhancing employee satisfaction can improve organizational commitment. As well, this study's findings can serve as a valuable foundation for designing policies to enhance organizational commitment in the future.
Iterative reconstruction of single-shot spiral MRI with off resonance

A variety of applications and research directions in magnetic resonance imaging which require fast scan times have recently become popular. In order to satisfy many of the requirements of these applications, snapshot imaging methods, which acquire an entire image in one excitation, are often used. These snapshot techniques are relatively insensitive to motion and can allow rapidly occurring processes to be imaged. However, snapshot imaging techniques acquire data over a relatively long period, during which off-resonance phase can accumulate, leading to image degradation. This degradation often limits the usefulness of the images. Presented here is a method to iteratively reconstruct an image acquired by a spiral snapshot technique and to remove image degradation due to off resonance. This iterative method does not assume that the inhomogeneity is slowly varying within the image, allowing better results than with deblurring techniques which do not take abrupt changes into account. Although presented here with a spiral imaging technique, the iterative algorithm is general enough to be applied to a variety of snapshot imaging techniques.
Mining Electronic Health Records: A Survey

The continuously increasing cost of the US healthcare system has received significant attention. Central to the ideas aimed at curbing this trend is the use of technology, in the form of the mandate to implement electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs consist of patient information such as demographics, medications, laboratory test results, diagnosis codes and procedures. Mining EHRs could lead to improvement in patient health management as EHRs contain detailed information related to disease prognosis for large patient populations. In this manuscript, we provide a structured and comprehensive overview of data mining techniques for modeling EHR data. We first provide a detailed understanding of the major application areas to which EHR mining has been applied and then discuss the nature of EHR data and its accompanying challenges. Next, we describe major approaches used for EHR mining, the metrics associated with EHRs, and the various study designs. With this foundation, we then provide a systematic and methodological organization of existing data mining techniques used to model EHRs and discuss ideas for future research. We conclude this survey with a comprehensive summary of clinical data mining applications of EHR data, as illustrated in the online supplement.
Opinion Target Extraction Using Partially-Supervised Word Alignment Model

Mining opinion targets from online reviews is an important and challenging task in opinion mining. This paper proposes a novel approach to extract opinion targets by using partially-supervised word alignment model (PSWAM). At first, we apply PSWAM in a monolingual scenario to mine opinion relations in sentences and estimate the associations between words. Then, a graph-based algorithm is exploited to estimate the confidence of each candidate, and the candidates with higher confidence will be extracted as the opinion targets. Compared with existing syntax-based methods, PSWAM can effectively avoid parsing errors when dealing with informal sentences in online reviews. Compared with the methods using alignment model, PSWAM can capture opinion relations more precisely through partial supervision from partial alignment links. Moreover, when estimating candidate confidence, we make penalties on higher-degree vertices in our graph-based algorithm in order to decrease the probability of the random walk running into the unrelated regions in the graph. As a result, some errors can be avoided. The experimental results on three data sets with different sizes and languages show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Subgroups of small index in infinite symmetric groups. II

Throughout this paper κ denotes an infinite cardinal, S = Sym(κ) and G is a subgroup of S. We shall be seeking the subgroups G with [S: G] < 2κ. In [2], the following result was proved. Theorem 1. If [S: G] ≤ κthen there exists a subset Δ of k such that ∣Δ∣ < k and S(Δ) ≤ G. Here S(Δ) = Sym(K/⊿) is the pointwise stabilizer of Δ in S. However, the converse of Theorem 1 is not true. For if cf(κ) ≤ ∣Δ∣ < κ, then [S: S(Δ)] ≥ κcf(κ) > κ. This suggests that a substantially sharpened version of Theorem 1 may be true. Question 1 [2]. Is it provable in ZFC, or even in ZFC with GCH, that if [S: G] ≤ κ then there is a subset Δ of κ such that ∣Δ∣ < cf(κ) and S(Δ) ≤ G? At least two of the authors of [2] made a serious attempt to answer the above question positively. In §3, we shall see that they were essentially trying to prove that measurable cardinals do not exist. The following result, due independently to Semmes [5] and Neumann [2], suggests a second way in which Theorem 1 might be improved. Theorem 2. If k = ℵ0andthen there is a finite subset Δ of k such thatS(Δ) ≤ G. Question 2 [2]. Is it provable in ZFC that if [S: G] < 2κ then there is a subset Δ of κ such that ∣Δ∣ < κ and S(Δ) < G? This question will be answered negatively in §4.
International Journal of Women's Health Dovepress New Perspectives on Targeted Therapy in Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. During the last 15 years, there has been only marginal improvement in 5 year overall survival. These daunting statistics are compounded by the fact that despite all subtypes exhibiting striking het-erogeneity, their systemic management remains identical. Although changes to the scheduling and administration of chemotherapy have improved outcomes to a degree, a therapeutic ceiling is being reached with this approach, resulting in a number of trials investigating the efficacy of targeted therapies alongside standard treatment algorithms. Furthermore, there is an urge to develop subtype-specific studies in an attempt to improve outcomes, which currently remain poor. This review summarizes the key studies with antiangiogenic agents, poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) inhibitors, and epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor family targeting, in addition to folate receptor antagonists and insulin growth factor receptor inhibitors. The efficacy of treatment paradigms used in non-ovarian malignancies for type I tumors is also highlighted, in addition to recent advances in appropriate patient stratification for targeted therapies in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Alterations in the Immunohistochemical Expression of Das-1 and CG-3 in Colonic Mucosal Biopsy Specimens Helps Distinguish Ulcerative Colitis From Crohn Disease and From Other Forms of Colitis

Distinction between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) in mucosal biopsies is often difficult. Das-1 and CG-3 are monoclonal antibodies directed against an unknown colonic epithelial protein and human tropomyosin isoform-5, respectively, both show altered expression in patients with UC. In this study, we evaluated the utility of Das-1 and CG-3 in distinguishing UC from CD and from other types of colitis. One colonic biopsy specimen from each of 85 patients with confirmed UC (n=25), CD (n=15), lymphocytic (n=15), collagenous (n=15), and ischemic (n=15) colitis, and also 10 samples from normal controls, were stained for Das-1 and CG-3 using standard techniques. Reactivity for Das-1 and CG-3 was noted to be absent or present, and the location (ie, surface±crypt epithelium) and degree (weak or strong) of CG-3 staining was recorded. Loss of Das-1 staining occurred more frequently in UC (96%) compared with CD (20%), lymphocytic (20%), collagenous (13%), and ischemic colitis (0%) cases, as well as controls (10%, P<0.001 for all comparisons). CG-3 positivity in crypt epithelium was significantly more common in UC (52%) compared with the other groups (P≤0.02 for all comparisons). The combination of strong crypt CG-3 staining and loss of Das-1 staining was noted in 44% of UC cases, but not in any other type of colitis (P=0.003 for all comparisons). We conclude that the patterns of Das-1 and CG-3 staining in colonic mucosal biopsies may be clinically useful in distinguishing UC from CD and from other colitidies.
AFFERENT CONTROL OF VASOPRESSIN AND RENIN RELEASE DURING HAEMORRHAGE IN NORMAL AND AUTONOMICALLY BLOCKED RABBITS

1. The role of the arterial and cardiac baroreceptors on the arginine vasopressin (AVP) and plasma renin activity (PRA) responses to haemorrhage was studied in conscious rabbits. They were bled at a rate of approximately 3% of their blood volume (BV)/min, both when the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was intact and during ANS blockade, which markedly enhances the AVP response due to the much greater haemodynamic disturbance. Under each condition of ANS function 2×2 factorial analysis was performed, each with four groups of rabbits, including animals with both sets of baroreceptors working, one or other set working and neither set working.
Association of Self-Rated Physical Health and Incident Hypertension With O*NET Factors: Validation Using a Representative National Survey

Objective: To examine the predictive validity of Occupational Information Network (O*NET)–based constructs with health outcomes. Methods: Data from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) surveys were used to examine associations of self-rated health and incident hypertension with work characteristics. Job control and substantive complexity (SC) scores derived from the O*NET were imputed to occupation in the MIDUS surveys. Validity was assessed through variance partitioning and regression models contrasting O*NET and survey-based constructs. Results: Congruence between control scores derived from O*NET and from self-rated scores from MIDUS was good. Shared variance between SC scores and survey-based control was less. All constructs were modest predictors of self-rated health. Substantive complexity was a stronger predictor of incident hypertension (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.87). Conclusions: Occupational characteristics derived from O*NET variables performed as well as or better than survey-based job control in describing associations with self-rated health and incident hypertension.
Cotranslational folding of deeply knotted proteins

Proper folding of deeply knotted proteins has a very low success rate even in structure-based models which favor formation of the native contacts but have no topological bias. By employing a structure-based model, we demonstrate that cotranslational folding on a model ribosome may enhance the odds to form trefoil knots for protein YibK without any need to introduce any non-native contacts. The ribosome is represented by a repulsive wall that keeps elongating the protein. On-ribosome folding proceeds through a a slipknot conformation. We elucidate the mechanics and energetics of its formation. We show that the knotting probability in on-ribosome folding is a function of temperature and that there is an optimal temperature for the process. Our model often leads to the establishment of the native contacts without formation of the knot.
Parallel Regulation of Memory and Emotion Supports the Suppression of Intrusive Memories

Intrusive memories often take the form of distressing images that emerge into a person's awareness, unbidden. A fundamental goal of clinical neuroscience is to understand the mechanisms allowing people to control these memory intrusions and reduce their emotional impact. Mnemonic control engages a right frontoparietal network that interrupts episodic retrieval by modulating hippocampal activity; less is known, however, about how this mechanism contributes to affect regulation. Here we report evidence in humans (males and females) that stopping episodic retrieval to suppress an unpleasant image triggers parallel inhibition of mnemonic and emotional content. Using fMRI, we found that regulation of both mnemonic and emotional content was driven by a shared frontoparietal inhibitory network and was predicted by a common profile of medial temporal lobe downregulation involving the anterior hippocampus and the amygdala. Critically, effective connectivity analysis confirmed that reduced amygdala activity was not merely an indirect consequence of hippocampal suppression; rather, both the hippocampus and the amygdala were targeted by a top-down inhibitory control signal originating from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This negative coupling was greater when unwanted memories intruded into awareness and needed to be purged. Together, these findings support the broad principle that retrieval suppression is achieved by regulating hippocampal processes in tandem with domain-specific brain regions involved in reinstating specific content, in an activity-dependent fashion. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Upsetting events sometimes trigger intrusive images that cause distress and that may contribute to psychiatric disorders. People often respond to intrusions by suppressing their retrieval, excluding them from awareness. Here we examined whether suppressing aversive images might also alter emotional responses to them, and the mechanisms underlying such changes. We found that the better people were at suppressing intrusions, the more it reduced their emotional responses to suppressed images. These dual effects on memory and emotion originated from a common right prefrontal cortical mechanism that downregulated the hippocampus and amygdala in parallel. Thus, suppressing intrusions affected emotional content. Importantly, participants who did not suppress intrusions well showed increased negative affect, suggesting that suppression deficits render people vulnerable to psychiatric disorders.