Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integral field spectroscopy with SINFONI of VVDS galaxies I. Galaxy dynamics and mass assembly at 1.2 < z < 1.6

Context. Identifying the main processes of galaxy assembly at high redshifts is still a major issue in understanding galaxy formation and evolution at early epochs in the history of the Universe. Aims. This work aims to provide a first insight into the dynamics and mass assembly of galaxies at redshifts $1.2 Methods. We use the near-infrared integral field spectrograph SINFONI on the ESO-VLT under 0.65´´ seeing to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy on nine emission line galaxies with $1.2 \leq z \leq 1.6$ from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey. We derive the velocity fields and velocity dispersions on kpc scales using the H α emission line. Results. Out of the nine star-forming galaxies, we find that galaxies are distributed in three groups: two galaxies can be well reproduced by a rotating disk, three systems can be classified as major mergers and four galaxies show disturbed dynamics and high velocity dispersion. We argue that there is evidence for hierarchical mass assembly from major merging, with most massive galaxies with $M>10^{11}~{M_\odot}$ subject to at least one major merger over a 3 Gyr period as well as for continuous accretion feeding strong star formation. Conclusions. These results point towards a galaxy formation and assembly scenario which involves several processes, possibly acting in parallel, with major mergers and continuous gas accretion playing a major role. Well controlled samples representative of the bulk of the galaxy population at this key cosmic time are necessary to make further progress.
Causes of the El Niño and La Niña Amplitude Asymmetry in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific

Abstract The amplitude asymmetry between El Nino and La Nina is investigated by diagnosing the mixed-layer heat budget during the ENSO developing phase by using the three ocean assimilation products: Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 2.0. 2, SODA 1.4. 2, and the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS). It is found that the nonlinear zonal and meridional ocean temperature advections are essential to cause the asymmetry in the far eastern Pacific, whereas the vertical nonlinear advection has the opposite effect. The zonal current anomaly is dominated by the geostrophic current in association with the thermocline depth variation. The meridional current anomaly is primarily attributed to the Ekman current driven by wind stress forcing. The resulting induced anomalous horizontal currents lead to warm nonlinear advection during both El Nino and La Nina episodes and thus strengthen (weaken) the El Nino (La Nina) amplitude. The convergence (divergence) of the anomalous geostrophic mixed-layer currents dur.
A Robust Data-obfuscation Approach for Privacy Preservation of Clustered Data

Privacy is defined as the freedom from unauthorized intrusion. The availability of personal information through online databases such as government records, medical records, and voters’ lists poses a threat to personal privac y. Intelligent search engines and data mining techniques further exacerbate the problem of privacy by simplifying access and retrieval of personal records. Data Obfuscation (DO) techniques distort data in order to hide information. One application area for DO is privacy preservation. Many data obfuscation techniques have been suggested and implemented for privacy preserving data mining applications . However, existing approaches are either not robust to privacy attacks or they do not preserve data clusters, thereby making it difficult to apply data mining techniques. The absence of a standard for measuring the privacy provided by the various data obfuscation techniques makes it hard to compare the robustness of the techniques. The main contributions of this paper are ( 1) to propose a data obfuscation technique calledNearest Neighbor Data Substitution (NeNDS), that has strong privacy-preserving properties and maintains data clusters, ( 2) to define a property calledReversibility for the categorization and comparison of data obfuscation techniques, in terms of their resilienc e to reverse engineering, and ( 3) to formally prove that cluster preserving geometric transformations, by themselves a r extremely easy to reverse engineer.
How can mathematical models advance tuberculosis control in high HIV prevalence settings?

SUMMARY Existing approaches to tuberculosis (TB) control have been no more than partially successful in areas with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence. In the context of increasingly constrained resources, mathematical modelling can augment understanding and support policy for implementing those strategies that are most likely to bring public health and economic benefits. In this paper, we present an overview of past and recent contributions of TB modelling in this key area, and suggest a way forward through a modelling research agenda that supports a more effective response to the TB-HIV epidemic, based on expert discussions at a meeting convened by the TB Modelling and Analysis Consortium. The research agenda identified high-priority areas for future modelling efforts, including 1) the difficult diagnosis and high mortality of TB-HIV; 2) the high risk of disease progression; 3) TB health systems in high HIV prevalence settings; 4) uncertainty in the natural progression of TB-HIV; and 5) combined interventions for TB-HIV. Efficient and rapid progress towards completion of this modelling agenda will require co-ordination between the modelling community and key stakeholders, including advocates, health policy makers, donors and national or regional finance officials. A continuing dialogue will ensure that new results are effectively communicated and new policy-relevant questions are addressed swiftly.
Improved classification via connectivity information

The motivat ion for our work is the observation that Web pages on a part icular topic are often linked to other pages on the same topic. We model and analyze the problem of how to improve the classification of Web pages ( that is, determining the topic of the page) by using link information. In our setting, an initial classifter examines the text of a Web page and assigns to it some classification, possibly mistaken. We investigate how to reduce the error probabili ty using the observation above, 'thus building an improved classifier. We present a theoretical framework for this problem based on a r andom graph model and suggest two linear t ime algorithms, based on similar methods that have been proven effective in the setting of error-correcting codes. We provide simulation results to verify our analysis and to compare the performance of our suggested
Field assessment of serious games for entrepreneurship in higher education

The potential of Serious Games (SGs) in education is widely recognized, and their adoption is significant in particular in children instruction. However, the deployment rate of SGs in higher education (HE) and their proper insertion in meaningful curricula is still quite low. This paper intends to make a first step in the direction of a better characterization of the pedagogical effectiveness of SGs in HE, by providing a qualitative analysis based on our field experience using three games for entrepreneurship, that we have studied in the light of two well established pedagogical paradigms, such as the Revised Bloom’s taxonomy and the Kolb’s Learning stages. In general, we observe that SGs address several goals of the Bloom’s taxonomy, in particular at the lower levels. Moreover, the cyclical nature of the business simulations can be directly mapped to the sequential steps described by Kolb. However, our analysis also shows that SGs have still to significantly evolve in order to become an effective and efficient tool that could be successfully and reliably used in HE. In the light of our experience, we also propose a schema for a proper integration of SGs by supporting different goals in different steps of a formal education process, Our study finally suggests directions for future research in the field.
Advisor Loss in Counseling Psychology Doctoral Students: A Qualitative Perspective

1 Chapter 1: Introduction . 3 Chapter II: Literature Review . 12 Chapter III: Method . 32 Chapter IV: Results . 46 Chapter V: Discussion . 76 References . 118 Tables . 132 Appendix A: Training Director Recruitment Email . 144 Appendix B: Participant Recruitment Email . 145 Appendix C: Participant Informed Consent . 147 Appendix D: Participant Demographic Questionnaire . 149 vii Appendix E: Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. 153 Appendix F: Interview Protocol . 156
Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Composition Due to Depleted Bone Marrow Beta Adrenergic Signaling Are Associated with Suppressed Inflammatory Transcriptional Networks in the Mouse Colon

The brain-gut axis plays a critical role in the regulation of different diseases, many of which are characterized by sympathetic dysregulation. However, a direct link between sympathetic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis remains to be illustrated. Bone marrow (BM)-derived immune cells continuously interact with the gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis in the host. Their function is largely dependent upon the sympathetic nervous system acting via adrenergic receptors present on the BM immune cells. In this study, we utilized a novel chimera mouse that lacks the expression of BM beta1/2 adrenergic receptors (b1/2-ARs) to investigate the role of the sympathetic drive to the BM in gut and microbiota homeostasis. Fecal analyses demonstrated a shift from a dominance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phylum in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera, resulting in a reduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in Proteobacteria phylum was determined. No changes in the abundance of acetate-, butyrate-, and lactate-producing bacteria, and colon pathology were observed in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Transcriptomic profiling in colon identified Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D, Member 1 (Klrd1), Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains Subfamily A Member 4A (Ms4a4b), and Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Prime Polypeptide (Csnk2a2) as main transcripts associated with the microbiota shifts in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera. Suppression of leukocyte-related transcriptome networks (i.e., function, differentiation, migration), classical compliment pathway, and networks associated with intestinal function, barrier integrity, and excretion was also observed in the colon of the KO chimera. Moreover, reduced expression of transcriptional networks related to intestinal diseases (i.e., ileitis, enteritis, inflammatory lesions, and stress) was noted. The observed suppressed transcriptome networks were associated with a reduction in NK cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells in the b1/2-ARs KO chimera colon. Thus, sympathetic regulation of BM-derived immune cells plays a significant role in modifying inflammatory networks in the colon and the gut microbiota composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest a key role of BM b1/2-ARs signaling in host-microbiota interactions, and reveals specific molecular mechanisms that may lead to generation of novel anti-inflammatory treatments for many immune and autonomic diseases as well as gut dysbiosis across the board.
Attrition of Nouns and Verbs among Iranian EFL Learners after a Two-Year Non- Exposure

In comparison with language acquisition, language attrition has remained largely unnoticed and has so far received very little attention and among the small number of studies, the subject of most of the attrition research is attrition of the first language. Language attrition has perhaps not been able to attract much interest because losing a language does not seem as interesting as acquiring it (Schmid, 2002; 2004). This paper investigated the rate of attrition in nouns and verbs among 60 Iranian EFL learners who were students and graduates from Payame Noor Universities of Golestan province and had not used English for at least 2 years at the time of study. The instrument was a translation task; students were asked to translate nouns and verbs out of context. Paired samples t-test was run to investigate to what degree the language knowledge of subjects under investigation showed attrition. Results showed there was a difference between attrition of nouns and verbs among Iranian EFL learners; verbs were more vulnerable to attrition than nouns. The results provide implications for vocabulary teaching in the EFL context.
Montelukast in Adenoid Hypertrophy: Its Effect on Size and Symptoms

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AH) is considered the most common cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction among children. It results in a spectrum of symptoms from mouth breathing, nasal obstruction, hyponasal speech, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to growth failure and cardiovascular morbidity. Adenotonsillectomy is a typical strategy for patients with AH, but may lead to serious complications such as bleeding (4–5%) and postoperative respiratory compromise (27%), especially among young children, as well as recurrence of adenoid tissue (10–20%). Thus, non-surgical therapies have attracted considerable attention as an alternative strategy. The inflammatory mechanism proposed for AH has lead to the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to manage this condition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chewable tablets of montelukast, a cysteinyl- leukotriene receptor antagonist, in children with AH. Materials and Methods: Sixty children between the ages of 4–12 years with >75% choanal obstruction on primary nasal endoscopy were recruited in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial and randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated with montelukast 5 mg daily for 12 weeks while the control group received matching placebo for the same period of time. A questionnaire was completed by each child’s parent/guardian to assess the severity of sleep discomfort, snoring, and mouth breathing before and after the intervention. Results: Adenoid size decreased in 76% of the study group compared with 3% of the placebo group after 12 weeks. A statically significant improvement was observed in the study group compared with the placebo group in terms of sleep discomfort, snoring, and mouth breathing. The symptoms average total score dropped from 7.7 to 3.3 in the study group, while in the placebo group the total score changed from 7.4 to 6.7. Conclusion: Montelukast chewable tablets achieved a significant reduction in adenoid size and improved the related clinical symptoms of AH and can therefore be considered an effective alternative to surgical treatment in children with adenoid hypertrophy.
Differentiation of troponin in cardiac and skeletal muscles in chicken embryos as studied by immunofluorescence microscopy

The differentiation of troponin (TN) in cardiac and skeletal muscles of chicken embryos was studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Serial sections of embryos were stained with antibodies specific to TN components (TN-T, -I, and -C) from adult chicken cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cardiac muscle began to be stained with antibodies raised against cardiac TN components in embryos after stage 10 (Hamburger and Hamilton numbering, 1951, J. Morphol. 88:49-92). It reacted also with antiskeletal TN-I from stage 10 to hatching. Skeletal muscle was stained with antibodies raised against skeletal TN components after stage 14. It also reacted with anticardiac TN-T and C from stage C from stage 14 to hatching. It is concluded that, during embryonic development, cardiac muscle synthesizes TN-T and C that possess cardiac- type antigenicity and TN-I that has antigenic determinants similar to those present in cardiac as well as in skeletal muscles. Embryonic skeletal muscle synthesizes TN-I that possesses antigenicity for skeletal muscle and TN-T and C which share the antigenicities for both cardiac and skeletal muscles. Thus, in the development of cardiac and skeletal muscles, a process occurs in which the fiber changes its genomic programming: it ceases synthesis of the TN components that are immunologically indistinguishable from one another and synthesizes only tissue-type specific proteins after hatching.
DUX4-induced dsRNA and MYC mRNA stabilization activate apoptotic pathways in human cell models of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the mis-expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle cells. DUX4 is a transcription factor that activates genes normally associated with stem cell biology and its mis-expression in FSHD cells results in apoptosis. To identify genes and pathways necessary for DUX4-mediated apoptosis, we performed an siRNA screen in an RD rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with an inducible DUX4 transgene. Our screen identified components of the MYC-mediated apoptotic pathway and the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) innate immune response pathway as mediators of DUX4-induced apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that DUX4 expression led to increased MYC mRNA, accumulation of nuclear dsRNA foci, and activation of the dsRNA response pathway in both RD cells and human myoblasts. Nuclear dsRNA foci were associated with aggregation of the exon junction complex component EIF4A3. The elevation of MYC mRNA, dsRNA accumulation, and EIF4A3 nuclear aggregates in FSHD muscle cells suggest that these processes might contribute to FSHD pathophysiology.
CGCG 480–022: A Distant Lonesome Merger?

We present a complete analysis, which includes morphology, kinematics, stellar populations, and N-body simulations, of CGCG 480-022, the most distant (cz = 14,317 km s-1) isolated galaxy studied so far in such detail. The results all support the hypothesis that this galaxy has suffered a major merger event with a companion of ~0.1 times its mass. Morphology reveals the presence of a circumnuclear ring and possibly further ring debris. The radial velocity curve looks symmetrical, while the velocity dispersion increases with radius, reaching values that do not correspond to a virialized system. Moreover, this galaxy deviates significantly from the fundamental plane and the Faber-Jackson relation. The stellar population analysis show that the ring is younger and more metal-rich, which suggest that it has undergone a fairly recent burst of star formation. Both morphological and dynamical results are in broad agreement with our N-body simulations.
In the Bowels of the Information Machine: Population Registration and the Impact of Computers on Personal Privacy and Public Administration

The German population registration system was the core of the population identification, information, and control system constructed across the 20th century. However, the functioning of the system also raised questions about how personal information was to be gathered, integrated with other bodies of personal information, and then used for population surveillance. This article examines the hopes associated with the late-1960s proposal to automate the local population registries and link them to create a national population information system and analyzes contemporary accounts of the impact of such integrated systems on the information flowing through them and the structure of complex organizations.
Time Frequency Analysis of Neural Oscillations in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making

In our daily lives, we often make decisions that require the use of self-control, weighing trade-offs between various attributes: for example, selecting a food based on its health rather than its taste. Previous research suggests that re-weighting attributes may rely on selective attention, associated with decreased neural oscillations over posterior brain regions in the alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency range. Here, we utilized the high temporal resolution and whole-brain coverage of electroencephalography (EEG) to test this hypothesis in data collected from hungry human subjects exercising dietary self-control. Prior analysis of this data has found time-locked neural activity associated with each food’s perceived taste and health properties from approximately 400 to 650 ms after stimulus onset (Harris et al., 2013). We conducted time-frequency analyses to examine the role of alpha-band oscillations in this attribute weighting. Specifically, we predicted that there would be decreased alpha power in posterior electrodes beginning approximately 400 ms after stimulus onset for the presentation of healthy food relative to unhealthy food, reflecting shifts in selective attention. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found a significant decrease in alpha power for presentations of healthy relative to unhealthy foods. As predicted, this effect was most pronounced at posterior occipital and parietal electrodes and was significant from approximately 450 to 700 ms post-stimulus onset. Additionally, we found significant alphaband decreases in right temporal electrodes during these times. These results extend previous attention research to multi-attribute choice, suggesting that the re-weighting of attributes can be measured neuro-computationally. NEURAL OSCILLATIONS AND DECISION-MAKING 4
Gender Differences in the Use of Linguistic Forms in the Speech of Men and Women: A Comparative Study of Persian and English

This research was intended to determine whether men and women were different with respect to the use of intensifiers, hedges and tag questions in English and Persian. To conduct the study, R. Lakoff’s (1975) ideas concerning linguistic differences between males and females were taken into account. In order to gather the most natural-like data, 6 English and 8 Persian film-scripts with a family and social theme were randomly selected from amongst all the scenarios available in two libraries of University of Shiraz. In all, 9280 utterances were studied. The data were then divided into four major groups: (1) cross gender, same culture, (2) same gender, cross culture; (3) cross gender, cross culture; and (4) cross culture data. The results of the 21 Chisquares computed showed no significant difference between the groups on the use of intensifiers, hedged and tag questions. The findings of the study did not confirm Lakoff’s opinion regarding gender-bound language at least in the three areas and the corpus inspected in this research.
Canonical extensions and completions of posets and lattices

A b s t r a c t. The purpose of this note is to expose a new way of viewing the canonical extension of posets and bounded lattices. Specifically, we seek to expose categorical features of this completion and to reveal its relationship to other completion processes. The theory of canonical extensions is introduced by Jónsson and Tarski [15, 16] for Boolean algebras with operators. Their approach was based on a complete-lattice theoretic characterisation of the dual space of a Boolean algebra and provides access to the benefits of Stone duality in a uniform way for a class of varieties of algebras having a Boolean reduct. The most The support of EPSRC under grant no. EP/E029329/1 is gratefully acknowledged. The first author would also like to thank Sarah Hunt for her invaluable help with childcare during the writing of this paper.