Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Framework to Learn Bayesian Network from Changing, Multiple-Source Biomedical Data

Structure learning in Bayesian network is a big issue. Many efforts have tried to solve this problem and quite a few algorithms have been proposed. However, when we attempt to apply the existing methods to microarray data, there are three main challenges: 1) there are many variables in the data set, 2) the sample size is small, and 3) microarray data are changing from experiment to experiment and new data are available quickly. To address these three problems, we assume that the major functions of a kind of cells do not change too much in different experiments, and propose a framework to learn Bayesian network from data with variable grouping. This framework has several advantages: 1) it reduces the number of variables and narrows down the search space when learning Bayesian network structure; 2) it relieves the requirement for the number of samples; and 3) the learned group Bayesian network is a higher-level abstraction of biological functions in a cell, which ision of biological functions in a cell, which is comparable from one experiment to another, and does not need to change much at the level when the learned group Bayesian network is applied to changing experiments only the relationship between a group variable and an original variable should be adjusted. We have done experiments on synthetic examples and real data to test the proposed framework. The preliminary results from synthetic examples show that the framework works with fewer samples, and the learned group Bayesian networks from different sets of experimental data agree with each other most of the time. The experiments with the real data also show some domain-meaningful results. This framework can also be applied to other domains with similar assumptions.
Alcohol Redirects CCK‐Mediated Apical Exocytosis to the Acinar Basolateral Membrane in Alcoholic Pancreatitis

The molecular mechanism of clinical alcohol‐induced pancreatitis remains vague. We had reported that experimental high‐dose cholecystokinin (CCK)‐induced pancreatitis is in part because of excessive aberrant basolateral exocytosis. High‐dose CCK caused Munc18c on basolateral plasma membrane (BPM) to dissociate from syntaxin (Syn)‐4, activating Syn‐4 to complex with plasma membrane (PM)‐SNAP‐23 and granule‐VAMP to mediate basolateral exocytosis. We now hypothesize that alcohol could render the acinar cell BPM conducive to exocytosis by a similar mechanism. Weakly stimulating postprandial doses of alcohol (20–50 mm) inhibited postprandial low‐dose CCK‐stimulated secretion by blocking physiologic apical exocytosis and redirecting exocytosis to less‐efficient basal PM (visualized by FM1‐43 fluorescence imaging) and lateral PM sites (electron microscopy). Alcohol or low‐dose CCK had no effect on PM‐Munc18c, but alcohol preincubation enabled low‐dose CCK to displace Munc18c from BPM, leading to SNARE complex assembly in the BPM. Similarly, alcohol diet‐fed rats did not exhibit morphologic defects in the pancreas nor affected PM‐Munc18c behavior, but subsequent intraperitoneal injections of low‐dose CCK analog cerulein caused Munc18c displacement from BPM and cytosolic degradation, which contributed to pancreatitis. We conclude that alcohol induces BPM‐Munc18c to become receptive to postprandial CCK‐induced displacement into the cytosol, a process which facilitates SNARE complex assembly that in turn activates restricted BPM sites to become available for aberrant exocytosis into the interstitial space, where zymogen activation would take place and cause pancreatitis.
Post-Breeding Season Migrations of a Top Predator, the Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), from a Marine Protected Area in Alaska

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used as a conservation tool for highly mobile marine vertebrates and the focus is typically on protecting breeding areas where individuals are aggregated seasonally. Yet movements during the non-breeding season can overlap with threats that may be equally as important to population dynamics. Thus understanding habitat use and movements of species during the non-breeding periods is critical for conservation. Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, is one of the largest marine mammal protected areas in the world and has the only enforceable protection measures for reducing disturbance to harbor seals in the United States. Yet harbor seals have declined by up to 11.5%/year from 1992 to 2009. We used satellite-linked transmitters that were attached to 37 female harbor seals to quantify the post-breeding season migrations of seals and the amount of time that seals spent inside vs. outside of the MPA of Glacier Bay. Harbor seals traveled extensively beyond the boundaries of the MPA of Glacier Bay during the post-breeding season, encompassing an area (25,325 km2) significantly larger than that used by seals during the breeding season (8,125 km2). These movements included the longest migration yet recorded for a harbor seal (3,411 km) and extended use (up to 23 days) of pelagic areas by some seals. Although the collective utilization distribution of harbor seals during the post-breeding season was quite expansive, there was a substantial degree of individual variability in the percentage of days that seals spent in the MPA. Nevertheless, harbor seals demonstrated a high degree of inter-annual site fidelity (93%) to Glacier Bay the following breeding season. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the threats that seals may interact with outside of the boundaries of the MPA of Glacier Bay for understanding population dynamics of seals in Glacier Bay.
Contact Lens Related Quality of Life in Patients With Keratoconus

Objectives: To assess the impact of the different types of contact lenses (CLs) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with keratoconus based on self-reported results from The Contact Lens Impact on Quality of Life (CLIQ) Questionnaire. Methods: Consecutive keratoconus patients who wore CLs (rigid gas permeable [RGP], hybrid or soft toric) at least in one eye were asked to complete the CLIQ questionnaire on the Cornea Service, Wills Eye Institute. Results: A total of 71 patients with a mean age of 42.6 ± 13.1 year were included in the study. One eye of each patient was included in the study. Of these, 40 eyes used rigid gas-permeable lenses, 20 eyes used hybrid lenses and 11 eyes used soft toric lenses. The mean CLIQperson measure was 45.5 ± 8.2 in RGP group, 45.4 ± 7.5 in hybrid group and 48.4 ± 10.5 in soft toric group. There was no significant difference among the three groups in self-reported results from the CLIQ questionnaire (P = 0.8). Conclusions: Subjects with keratoconus who wear RGP, hybrid or soft toric CLs, reported similar contact lens impact on their QoL.
The Relationship of Personality to Entrepreneurial Performance: An Examination of Openness to Experience Facets

The role of personality has resurfaced in entrepreneurship research. The results surrounding the broad personality traits have varied. Although openness to experience has been found to generally have a positive relationship with entrepreneurial intentions and performance (e.g., Zhao, Seibert, & Lumpkin, 2010), conflicting and inconsistent results have emerged (e.g., Baron & Markman, 2004; Ciaverella, Buchholtz, Riordan, Gatewood, & Stokes, 2004). Therefore, an in-depth look at the facets of openness to experience may offer additional information. The present investigation used a sample of founder/owners and examined the facets of openness to: fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, and values. Specifically, it was hypothesized that openness to fantasy, aesthetics, and feelings were negatively related to entrepreneurial performance. Also, it was hypothesized that openness to actions, ideas, and values were positively related to entrepreneurial performance. Additionally, the grit construct (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) was explored as a possible moderator. Grit was hypothesized to improve each of the relationships between openness facets and entrepreneurial performance. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression. Full support was only found for one hypothesis. One explanation could be that entrepreneurship is a process that goes through phases where each has a different set of activities and outcomes, and the effects of openness may change over the different phases of founding a new venture. Several results supported previous research findings. Contributions and future research ideas are discussed.
The Making of a Dealer Market: From Entry to Equilibrium in the Trading of Nasdaq Stocks

This paper provides an analysis of the nature and evolution of a dealer market for Nasdaq stocks. Despite size differences in sample stocks, there is a surprising consistency to their trading. One dealer tends to dominate trading in a stock. Markets are concentrated and spreads are increasing in the volume and market share of the dominant dealer. Entry and exit are ubiquitous. Exiting dealers are those with very low profits and trading volume. Entering market makers fail to capture a meaningful share of trading or profits. Thus, free entry does little to improve the competitive nature of the market as entering dealers have little impact. We find, however, that for small stocks, the Nasdaq dealer market is being more competitive than the specialist market. Copyright The American Finance Association 2002.
An Incremental Framework Based on Cross-Validation for Estimating the Architecture of a Multilayer Perceptron

We define the problem of optimizing the architecture of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) as a state space search and propose the MOST (Multiple Operators using Statistical Tests) framework that incrementally modifies the structure and checks for improvement using cross-validation. We consider five variants that implement forward/backward search, using single/multiple operators and searching depth-first/breadth-first. On 44 classification and 30 regression datasets, we exhaustively search for the optimal and evaluate the goodness based on: (1) Order, the accuracy with respect to the optimal and (2) Rank, the computational complexity. We check for the effect of two resampling methods (5 × 2, ten-fold cv), four statistical tests (5 × 2 cv t, ten-fold cv t, Wilcoxon, sign) and two corrections for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni, Holm). We also compare with Dynamic Node Creation (DNC) and Cascade Correlation (CC). Our results show that: (1) On most datasets, networks with few hidden units are optimal, (2) forward searching finds simpler architectures, (3) variants using single node additions (deletions) generally stop early and get stuck in simple (complex) networks, (4) choosing the best of multiple operators finds networks closer to the optimal, (5) MOST variants generally find simpler networks having lower or comparable error rates than DNC and CC.
Literature review of social support and caregiver burden, 1980 to 1995.

PURPOSE To critique social support and caregiver burden studies for (a) explication of constructs, (b) associations between constructs, (c) statistical conclusion validity, and (d) generalizability. Social support moderates caregiver burden, yet studies using different conceptualizations raise questions about validity. FRAMEWORK AND SCOPE: Cooper's (1984) methodology for an integrated literature review was used to examine 50 studies (1980-1995) involving adult caregivers of older family members. FINDINGS Inadequate explication of social support, potential spuriousness and reverse causation, threats to statistical conclusion validity, and lack of generalizability were found. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Progress has been made in caregiving and social support research, yet many problems remain. Future research should include multiple measures of support, controls for spuriousness and reverse causation, valid and reliable instruments, and samples of diverse populations.
Estimating V·O 2peak from a nonexercise prediction model: the HUNT Study, Norway.

PURPOSE Cardiorespiratory fitness is suggested to be an important marker of cardiovascular risk but is rarely evaluated in health care settings. In the present study, directly measured peak oxygen uptake (V·O 2peak) from a diverse population of 4637 healthy participants were used to develop and cross-validate a new nonexercise regression model of cardiorespiratory fitness for men and women. METHODS AND RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis was used to develop a nonexercise model of cardiorespiratory fitness for men and women separately with V·O 2peak as the outcome. In the final models, 2067 men (mean age = 48.8 yr) and 2193 women (mean age = 47.9 yr) were included, respectively. Cross-validation of the models was done by standard data splitting procedures with evaluation of constant error and total error of a model developed on one sample and cross-validated on another sample. Age, waist circumference, leisure time physical activity, and resting HR, successively, were the most potent predictors of V·O 2peak for both men and women. Together, 61% and 56% of variance in V·O 2peak, for men and women, respectively, were explained by the full models. SEE was 5.70 and 5.14 for the models including men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nonexercise regression model developed in the present study was fairly accurate in predicting V·O 2peak in this healthy population of men and women. The model might be generalized to other healthy populations and might be a valid tool for a rough assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in an outpatient setting.
PROGRAM CHOICE FACTORS OF SPORT MANAGEMENT DOCTORAL STUDENTS IN NORTH AMERICA

tended that the existing doctoral programs in sport management are currently not producing enough graduates to fill faculty vacancies created by attrition, growth of existing programs, and the creation of new programs. Furthermore, he suggested that the most relevant question for the future of sport management is not how to recruit more students, but how to find and retain faculty members to teach these students.
Reduction in the length of stay with rivaroxaban as a single-drug regimen for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Abstract Objective: The phase III EINSTEIN DVT and EINSTEIN PE trials demonstrated the potential of oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The length of initial hospitalization in patients presenting with either symptomatic DVT or PE was assessed using hospitalization records from these trials. Methods: Analyses were carried out in the intention-to-treat population, using non-parametric and parametric statistical methods. Results: Overall, 52% (1781/3434) of EINSTEIN DVT patients and 90% (4328/4821) of EINSTEIN PE patients were admitted to hospital. The proportion of hospitalized patients with a length of stay of five or fewer days receiving rivaroxaban was 54% compared with 31% for enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in patients with DVT. For patients with PE, the corresponding values were 45% and 33%. Stays of 6–10 days were observed in 29% of rivaroxaban-treated patients compared with 45% of enoxaparin/VKA-treated patients for DVT. For patients with PE, these values were 39% and 46% in the rivaroxaban and enoxaparin/VKA groups, respectively. Overall, length of stay was significantly shorter in the rivaroxaban group, compared with the enoxaparin/VKA group across all analyses performed (p < 0.0001). Across regions, the observed admission rates and length of stay duration varied greatly: Asia had the longest overall hospitalization rates, whereas the lowest rates were reported in North America, Australia and New Zealand. Nevertheless, a consistent trend was observed: length of hospital stay in patients with DVT or PE receiving rivaroxaban was shorter than, or at least similar to, patients receiving enoxaparin/VKA. Conclusion: A single-drug regimen with rivaroxaban may reduce the burden on healthcare systems and patients, and provides effective and well tolerated treatment. The studies shared an open-label design that allowed comparison of initial hospitalization, but limitations include the well monitored clinical trial setting in which decisions on admission and discharge could vary from real-world management.
Subcellular localization of PUMA regulates its pro-apoptotic activity in Burkitt's lymphoma B cells

The BH3-only protein PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a major regulator of apoptosis. It belongs to the Bcl-2 family of proteins responsible for maintaining mitochondrial outer membrane integrity by controlling the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. We describe here a new pathway regulating PUMA activation through the control of its subcellular distribution. Surprisingly, neither PUMA upregulation in normal activated human B lymphocytes nor high levels of PUMA in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were associated with cell death. We show that PUMA is localized to the cytosol in these cells. By contrast, various apoptosis-triggering signals were found to promote the translocation of PUMA to the mitochondria in these cells, leading to their death by apoptosis. This apoptosis was associated with the binding of mitochondrial PUMA to anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. This translocation was caspase-independent but was prevented by inhibiting or knocking down the expression of the MAPK kinase p38. Our data suggest that the accumulation of PUMA in the cytosol may be important for the participation of this protein in apoptosis without the need for prior transcription. This regulatory pathway may be an important feature of differentiation and tumorigenic processes.
The morphological effects of a radio frequency lesion adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion (RF‐DRG)—an experimental study in the goat

Radiofrequency (RF) lesions adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are increasingly used in the treatment of intractable chronic pain of spinal origin. Opinions differ on which nerve fibres are affected by these lesions. Morphological studies have been carried out to assess the effects of radiofrequency lesions on nervous tissue. Interpretation has been difficult, since most studies have been performed under circumstances which are not comparable to the clinical situation. This study was undertaken to investigate morphological effects of RF lesions as they develop in the normal clinical situation. In two goats 22 G 100 mm SMK electrodes with a 5 mm active tip (Radionics) were positioned posterior to the lumber dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Sixty‐second 67C lesions were made on one side. The contralateral side was used as sham operation. The goats were sacrificed 2 weeks after the procedure. The lesions were studied for size as well as for effects on proliferation and regeneration using Ki‐67 (MIB‐1). Lesions made inside the DRG (23) were 1.8–2.0 mm in size. In these lesions there was a total loss of myelinated fibres. In lesions made adjacent to the DRG there was a significantly higher MIB‐1 labelling on the treated side as compared to the sham‐treated side. An RF lesion inside the DRG destroys myelinated fibres. A lesion adjacent to the DRG increases MIB‐1 activity, indicating proliferation and regeneration after 2 weeks, despite the fact that the lesion was made outside the ganglion.
Performance analysis of a transaction based software system with shutdown

Hiroyuki Okamura Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan Tadashi Dohi Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan Shunji Osaki Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
A reason maintenance perspective on relevant Ramsey conditionals

This paper presents a Ramsey account of conditionals within the framework of an implemented reason maintenance system. The reason maintenance system is built on top of a deductive reasoning engine based on relevance logic. Thus, the account of conditionals provided is not susceptible to the fallacies of relevance. In addition, it is shown that independently motivated requirements on practical relevant reason maintenance allow us to gracefully circumvent Gardenfors’s triviality result.
Predictors of 30-day Mortality and 90-day Functional Recovery after Primary Pontine Hemorrhage

The factors related to death and functional recovery after primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) in Koreans has not been well defined. The authors sought to identify independent predictors of death and functional recovery after PPH using data obtained at a single institute. Data were collected retrospectively on 281 patients with PPH admitted to the Stroke Unit at our hospital between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between selected variables and 30-day mortality and 90-day functional recovery after PPH. One-hundred and ten patients (39.1%) died within 30 days of PPH and 27 patients (9.6%) achieved functional recovery within 90 days. By multivariate analysis, unconsciousness, dilated pupils, abnormal respiration, systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg, hydrocephalus, and conservative treatment were found to be predictors of 30-day mortality, whereas consciousness, intact motor function, no history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, intact eye movement, a hematoma volume of < 5 mL, no ventricular hemorrhage, and normally sized ventricle were found to be predictors of 90-day functional recovery. The present findings suggest that systolic hypotension of less than 100 mmHg may predict 30-day mortality and a history of underlying hypertension and diabetes mellitus may predict 90-day functional recovery.
A Multi-view RGB-D Approach for Human Pose Estimation in Operating Rooms

Many approaches have been proposed for human pose estimation in single and multi-view RGB images. However, some environments, such as the operating room, are still very challenging for state-of-the-art RGB methods. In this paper, we propose an approach for multi-view 3D human pose estimation from RGB-D images and demonstrate the benefits of using the additional depth channel for pose refinement beyond its use for the generation of improved features. The proposed method permits the joint detection and estimation of the poses without knowing a priori the number of persons present in the scene. We evaluate this approach on a novel multi-view RGB-D dataset acquired during live surgeries and annotated with ground truth 3D poses.