Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflex constriction of significant coronary stenosis as a mechanism contributing to ischemic left ventricular dysfunction during isometric exercise.

To study the mechanisms of myocardial ischemia during isometric exercise, handgrip was sustained, for 4.5 min at 25% of maximum by 11 patients with at least one significant coronary stenosis each, during cardiac catheterization. After recovery, the handgrip that was repeated with simultaneous infusion of nitroglycerin (50 micrograms over 4 min) directly into the diseased vessel. The cardiovascular response was assessed by hemodynamic and by computer-assisted measurements of stenosis. During the first handgrip test pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rose 56% (15 to 23 mm Hg; p less than .001), the heart rate-systolic pressure product rose 33% (p less than .01), and the diseased epicardial arteries constricted. Luminal area in the stenotic segment was reduced by 35% (p less than .01), resulting in a 243% increase in estimated stenotic flow resistance (30 to 103 mm Hg/ml/sec; p less than .001). During handgrip with intracoronary nitroglycerin, the pressure-rate product again increased 33%, but relative to resting control, capillary wedge pressure fell 4 mm Hg in association with a 32% increase in luminal area of the stenosis and a 28% reduction in flow resistance (all significantly different from the response to handgrip alone: p less than .001, .01, and .005, respectively). Thus, coronary vasoconstriction, not increased pressure-rate product, is the dominant mechanism for ischemic left ventricular dysfunction during isometric exercise in patients with significant coronary stenoses.
Propositions and performativity: Relocating belief to the social

Divergent disciplinary approaches are traced to effect an inter-disciplinary understanding of how scholars in both sociology and anthropology frame their discussions about belief. A preliminary ‘genealogy of belief’ is proposed, tracing epistemological and methodological approaches over the last 200 years showing how some debates presume individual and intellectualist orientations to belief while others favour the collective and emotional. Presenting recent empirical evidence from fieldwork in the UK, the author suggests a ‘performative’ understanding of belief arising from and shaped by social relations.
Differential Regulation of Neurotrophin and trkReceptor mRNAs in Catecholaminergic Nuclei during Chronic Opiate Treatment and Withdrawal

The neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and their receptors trkB andtrkC, respectively, are expressed in the locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), brain regions known to be involved in opiate addiction. Previously, administration of exogenous neurotrophins has been shown to oppose effects of chronic morphine treatment on LC and VTA neurons. However, the response of endogenous neurotrophins in LC and VTA to opiate treatment is unknown. In this study, BDNF, NT-3, trkB, and trkC mRNAs were analyzed in these regions after chronic morphine treatment and during antagonist precipitated withdrawal. Although chronic morphine exposure resulted in only modest increases in BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression in LC, precipitated withdrawal led to a marked, rapid, and prolonged increase in BDNF mRNA and a delayed decrease in NT-3 mRNA. Levels of trkB and trkC mRNAs, which were unchanged by chronic morphine treatment, were elevated in LC at 2 and 6 hr of withdrawal. By 20 hr, trkB mRNA levels in LC had returned to control, whereas trkC mRNA levels fell below control values. In contrast to the substantial alterations observed in LC, there was no regulation of the neurotrophins or trkmRNAs within the VTA during chronic opiate treatment or withdrawal, with the exception of an increase in trkB mRNA at 6 hr of withdrawal. These results suggest that neurotrophins and their receptors per se may be involved in opiate-induced plasticity of the LC, whereas other mechanisms would appear to be involved in the VTA.
A High-Speed Timing-Aware Router for FPGAs

A High-Speed Timing-Aware Router for FPGAs Master of Applied Science, 1998 Jordan S. Swartz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Digital circuits can be realized almost instantly using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), but unfortunately the CAD tools used to generate FPGA programming bit-streams often require several hours to compile large circuits. We contend that there exists a subset of designers who are willing to pay for much faster compile times by having to use more resources on a given FPGA, a larger FPGA, or some decrease in the circuit speed. A significant portion of the compile time tends to be spent in the placement and routing phases of the compile. This thesis focuses on the routing phase and proposes a new high-speed timing-aware routing algorithm. The execution speed of the new router is very fast when the FPGA contains at least 10% more routing resources than the minimum required by a circuit. For example, when targeting a model of the Xilinx 4000XL FPGA, the routing time for a 250,000 gate circuit is 127 seconds on a 300 MHz UltraSPARC. The circuit delay is only 19% higher compared to a high-quality timing-driven router. Since some routing problems are inherently difficult and will unavoidably take a long time to route, the practical use of high-speed routing requires that the tool must be able to predict if the routing task is: (i) difficult and will take a long time to complete, or (ii) impossible to complete. In this research, we present a method for making these predictions and show that it is accurate.
Importance of Abnormal Chloride Homeostasis in Stable Chronic Heart Failure

Background—The aim of this analysis was to determine the long-term prognostic value of lower serum chloride in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Electrolyte abnormalities are prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure. Little is known regarding the prognostic implications of lower serum chloride. Methods and Results—Serum chloride was measured in 1673 consecutively consented stable patients with a history of heart failure undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography. All patients were followed for 5-year all-cause mortality, and survival models were adjusted for variables that confounded the chloride–risk relationship. The average chloride level was 102±4 mEq/L. Over 6772 person-years of follow-up, there were 547 deaths. Lower chloride (per standard deviation decrease) was associated with a higher adjusted risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.49; P<0.001). Chloride levels net-reclassified risk in 10.4% (P=0.03) when added to a multivariable model (with a resultant C-statistic of 0.70), in which sodium levels were not prognostic (P=0.30). In comparison to those with above first quartile chloride (≥101 mEq/L) and sodium (≥138 meq/L), subjects with first quartile chloride had a higher adjusted mortality risk, whether they had first quartile sodium (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.69; P=0.008) or higher (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.85; P=0.005). However, subjects with first quartile sodium but above first quartile chloride had no association with mortality (P=0.67). Conclusions—Lower serum chloride levels are independently and incrementally associated with increased mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure. A better understanding of the biological role of serum chloride is warranted.
SEGRAS—a formal and semigraphical language combining Petri nets and abstract data types for the specification of distributed systems

SEGRAS is formal language for writing and analyzing specifications of distributed software systems. It unifies algebraic specifications of abstract data types with high-level Petri net specifications of nonsequential systems in a common syntactic and semantic framework. The data structure of a system, the information content of its local states, and static constraints to state changes are specified algebraically using positive conditional equations. Dynamic behavior is specified by high level Petri nets. Each net defines a (distributed) initial state and a partial ordering in which state changing operations may happen. SEGRAS addresses advanced programming methodologies by offering facilities for modularization and parameterization, and a type system which supports polymorphism with dependent types, higher-order types, subtypes, and overloading. Some examples are given to illustrate these language concepts.
Synthetic Speech Perception in Individuals With and Without Disabilities

Individuals with little or no functional speech frequently rely on non-speech communication systems to augment or replace natural speech. These systems include speech generating devices (SGDs), which provide synthetic speech upon activation. This paper comprises a summary of research conducted over the past 20 years on the perception of synthetic speech by nondisabled listeners and listeners with intellectual, language, and hearing impairments. A wide variety of perceptual studies have been conducted into how human listeners understand synthetic speech. Research has shown that perceptions of synthetic speech in individuals with intellectual and/or language impairments depend upon several general factors, including the acoustic-phonetic properties of the synthesizer, complexity of the perceptual task, and the experience of the listener. Additionally, individuals with intellectual and/or language impairments exhibit greater difficulties than nondisabled listeners with regard to processing synthetic speech signals that impose substantial cognitive demands.
Opportunities and Challenges

In just the last seven years, from 2007 to 2014, mobile data traffic on our network increased 100,000 percent. People are consuming huge amounts of bandwidth with streaming video. Mobile devices are replacing wired connections in greater and greater numbers. And businesses are connecting everything to our network from cars and tractors to refrigerators and trash cans. This change in our business and our industry is revolutionizing our economy.
Ranking -- Use and Usability

Ranking has recently attracted much attention, conceptually as well as algorithmically and in its uses in major Internet search engines. A core goal of ranking and related techniques on the Web is to help people find what they are looking for – and (depending on the application) to suggest to them things that they didn’t know they were looking for, but might still find interesting. Any evaluation of these techniques should therefore consider such deployment scenarios. The paper starts from the observation that search engines and recommender systems generally provide users with some ranking on resources, and that standard evaluations rest on a comparison of this system output with an assumed mental representation of the user’s “true ranking”. This is followed by an overview of i) where and how ranking is used by the operators of a Web site or similar service, ii) how ranking is used by the end users of that site or service, and how such usage is measured, and iii) how and according to which criteria this usage and the success as well as the quality of ranking are measured. The paper demonstrates how an interdisciplinary approach can sharpen the view of challenges and promises of this user-oriented analysis of intelligent information access. AMS Categories: 91E45 [Mathematical psychology] Measurement and performance; 68U35 [Computing methodologies and applications] Information systems (hypertext navigation, interfaces, decision support, etc.); 68T05 [Artifical intelligence] Learning and adaptive systems; 91E10 [Mathematical psychology] Cognitive psychology; 68P10 [Theory of data] Searching and sorting
Role of matrix protein in cytopathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plays an important structural role in viral assembly, and it also has a regulatory role in viral transcription. We demonstrate here that the M protein has an additional function. It causes visible cytopathic effects (CPE), as evidenced by the typical rounding of polygonal cells after VSV infection. We have analyzed a temperature-sensitive mutant of the M protein of VSV (tsG33) which is defective in viral assembly and which fails to cause morphological changes of the cells after infection at the nonpermissive temperature (40 degrees C). Interestingly, this defect in viral assembly as well as the CPE were reversible. Microinjection of antisense oligonucleotides which specifically inhibit M protein translation also inhibited the occurrence of CPE. Most importantly, when cells were transfected with a cDNA encoding the temperature-sensitive M protein of tsG33, no CPE was observed at the nonpermissive temperature. However, when these cells were shifted to the permissive temperature (32 degrees C), they rounded up and detached from the dish. These results demonstrate that M protein in the absence of the other viral proteins causes rounding of the cells, probably through a disorganization of the cytoskeleton. The absence of CPE at the nonpermissive temperature is correlated with an abnormal dotted staining pattern of M in these cells, suggesting that the mutant M protein may self-aggregate or associate with membranes rather than interact with cytoskeletal elements.
Bedtime Insulin for Suppression of Overnight Free–Fatty Acid, Blood Glucose, and Glucose Production in NIDDM

We studied the clinical effectiveness and mechanism underlying the glucose-lowering effect of evening insulin therapy. Nocturnal profiles of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid (FFA), glycerol, and lactate and overnight glucose kinetics ([3-3H] glucose infusion) were measured in 15 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with a relative body weight of 128 ± 4% who were poorly controlled with oral therapy alone. The patients were studied before and 2 wk and 3 mo after bedtime insulin (23 ± 3 IU) was given in addition to oral therapy. An early-morning rise in blood glucose (>31 mg/dl = 1.5 mM) was present in two-thirds of the patients and was associated with an overnight rise in plasma FFA and an increase in glucose production (Ra) during the early-morning hours (change 0.42 ± 0.10 mg · kg−1 · min−1 P < .05, between 0300 and 0800). The overnight mean levels of blood glucose, plasma FFA, and serum insulin averaged 212 ± 9 vs. 137 ± 11 vs. 133 ± 11 mg/dl (P < .001), 674 ± 61 vs. 491 ± 57 vs. 484 ± 36 μM (P < 0.01) and 12.7 ± 1.6 vs. 18.1 ± 2.2 vs. 20.7 ± 2.4 μU/ (P < .01) before and 2 wk and 3 mo after the combination therapy. The decrements in overnight glucose and FFA levels after 2 wk of bedtime insulin therapy were closely correlated (r = .86, P < .001). The nocturnal profile of plasma lactate was similar before and during bedtime insulin therapy. The overnight mean glucose Ra fell significantly after insulin administration (2.31 ± 0.13 vs. 1.83 ± 0.09 vs. 1.83 ± 0.10 mg · kg−1 min−1 P < .01, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the overnight mean values of Ra and the plasma FFA concentration (r = .58, P < .001). These data raise the possibility the improvement in overall glycemic control by the administration of evening insulin is related to the suppression of overnight plasma FFA concentrations and to a consequent reduction in overnight glucose production.
Strategy Development: Helping Students with Learning Problems Develop as Writers

A cognitive strategy instructional approach, selfregulated strategy development, is described. With this approach, students are taught task-specific strategies along with more general strategies for regulating their strategy use and the learning process. We focus on how self-regulated strategy development has been used to help students, especially those with learning problems, develop as writers. The rationale, goals, components, and characteristics of this approach are discussed. This is followed by a review of the most salient findings from 10 years of research examining the application of the model with students who have difficulty with both learning and writing. Suggestions for future research are also offered. Many students have difficulty communicating ideas, expressing feelings, and per
The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention

Problem statement: The objective of this study were to determine the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intentions among the emplo yees in XYZ Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia. Approach: A total of 32 set of complete questionnaires gather ed from executives and non-executives of a local printing company were involved in the study a nd 32 completed the questionnaires. Using structured questionnaires in a controlled environme nt, the results manage to extract both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction that influences the turnover intention. Results: The statistical results obtained in this study showed that both forms of jo b satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction) have inverse relationship on employee s' turnover intentions. Conclusion: Eventhough Instrinsic Job Satisfaction have stronge r influence on Turnover Intention. Existence of Extrinstic Job Satisfaction also must be conside r in measuring the intention.
Post-transcriptional Expression Regulation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a Genomic Scale*S

Based on large-scale data for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (protein and mRNA abundance, translational status, transcript length), we investigate the relation of transcription, translation, and protein turnover on a genome-wide scale. We elucidate variations between different spatial cell compartments and functional modules by comparing protein-to-mRNA ratios, translational activity, and a novel descriptor for protein-specific degradation (protein half-life descriptor). This analysis helps to understand the cell’s strategy to use transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms for managing protein levels. For instance, it is possible to identify modules that are subject to suppressed translation under normal conditions (“translation on demand”). In order to reduce inconsistencies between the datasets, we compiled a new reference mRNA abundance dataset and we present a novel approach to correct large microarray signals for a saturation bias. Accounting for ribosome density based on transcript length rather than ORF length improves the correlation of observed protein levels to translational activity. We discuss potential causes for the deviations of these correlations. Finally, we introduce a quantitative descriptor for protein degradation (protein half-life descriptor) and compare it to measured half-lives. The study demonstrates significant post-transcriptional control of protein levels for a number of different compartments and functional modules, which is missed when exclusively focusing on transcript levels.
Predicting word‐spelling difficulty in 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds

Some languages have simple grapheme-phoneme codes in which there is a one-to-one mapping, making them easy to teach and learn, while others have more complicated structures and are more difficult for teachers and students. There is now an increasing number of studies which demonstrate that readers in more transparent orthographies such as Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Greek and German have little difficulty in decoding written words, while English children have many more problems. Increasingly, lack of orthographic transparency in English is seen as having a powerful negative effect on the development of literacy skills in English-speaking children. In the present study, the word factors associated with poor spelling in 5 school year-groups (ages 7 to 11 years) are identified as: (a) frequency of the word in the English language, (b) length of the word and (c) a measure of the phoneticity of the word. The concept of word phoneticity is explored and data is presented illustrating the predictive model of spelling. The implications the model has for teaching and learning English are discussed, with particular reference to the beneficial effects that greater orthographic transparency would have for children.
Morphological classification of local luminous infrared galaxies

We present analysis of the morphological classification of 89 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey (GOALS) sample, using non-parametric coefficients and compare their morphology as a function of wavelength. We rely on images that were obtained in the optical (B- and I-band) as well as in the infrared (H-band and 5.8 μm). Our classification is based on the calculation of Gini and the second order of light (M_(20)) non-parametric coefficients, which we explore as a function of stellar mass (M_⋆), infrared luminosity (L_(IR)), and star formation rate (SFR). We investigate the relation between M_(20), the specific SFR (sSFR) and the dust temperature (T_(dust)) in our galaxy sample. We find that M_(20) is a better morphological tracer than Gini, as it allows us to distinguish systems that were formed by double systems from isolated and post-merger LIRGs. The effectiveness of M_(20) as a morphological tracer increases with increasing wavelength, from the B to H band. In fact, the multi-wavelength analysis allows us to identify a region in the Gini-M_(20) parameter space where ongoing mergers reside, regardless of the band used to calculate the coefficients. In particular, when measured in the H band, a region that can be used to identify ongoing mergers, with minimal contamination from LIRGs in other stages. We also find that, while the sSFR is positively correlated with M_(20) when measured in the mid-infrared, i.e. star-bursting galaxies show more compact emission, it is anti-correlated with the B-band-based M_(20). We interpret this as the spatial decoupling between obscured and unobscured star formation, whereby the ultraviolet/optical size of an LIRG experience an intense dust-enshrouded central starburst that is larger that in the mid-infrared since the contrast between the nuclear to the extended disk emission is smaller in the mid-infrared. This has important implications for high redshift surveys of dusty sources, where sizes of galaxies are routinely measured in the rest-frame ultraviolet.
Donor Site Morbidity Associated With Autogenous Bone Harvesting From the Ascending Mandibular Ramus

Purpose:The objective of the present retrospective study was to assess long-term morbidity and postoperative complications after autogenous bone harvesting from the ascending mandibular ramus. Materials and Methods:Bone harvesting from the ascending mandibular ramus was conducted in a consecutive case series, including 325 patients, at The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010. Records and radiographs were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Temporary neurosensory disturbances in the inferior alveolar nerve were found in 6.1% of the patients. Only 0.5% of the patients had permanent neurosensory disturbances. Severe hematoma occurred in 20 patients, while infection occurred in only 1 patient. Conclusions:Within the limitations of a retrospective case series study, the present study suggests that harvesting of autogenous bone from the ascending mandibular ramus is a safe surgical procedure with minimal donor site morbidity and few postoperative complications.