Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometric and probabilistic image dissimilarity measures for common field of view detection

Detecting image pairs with a common field of view is an important prerequisite for many computer vision tasks. Typically, common local features are used as a criterion for identifying such image pairs. This approach, however, requires a reliable method for matching features, which is generally a very difficult problem, especially in situations with a wide baseline or ambiguities in the scene. We propose two new approaches for the common field of view problem. The first one is still based on feature matching. Instead of requiring a very low false positive rate for the feature matching, however, geometric constraints are used to assess matches which may contain many false positives. The second approach completely avoids hard matching of features by evaluating the entropy of correspondence probabilities. We perform quantitative experiments on three different hand labeled scenes with varying difficulty. In moderately difficult situations with a medium baseline and few ambiguities in the scene, our proposed methods give similarly good results to the classical matching based method. On the most challenging scene having a wide baseline and many ambiguities, the performance of the classical method deteriorates, while ours are much less affected and still produce good results. Hence, our methods show the best overall performance in a combined evaluation.
Characterization of large area photomultipliers and its application to dark matter search with noble liquid detectors

There is growing interest in the use of noble liquid detectors to study particle properties and search for new phenomena. In particular, these detectors are extremely suitable for performing direct searches for dark matter. In this kind of experiment, the light produced after an interaction within the sensitive volume is usually read-out by photomultipliers. The need to go to masses in the tonne scale to explore deeper regions of the parameter space, calls for the use of large area photomultipliers. In this paper we address the need to perform laboratory calibration measurements of these large photomultipliers, in particular to characterize their behaviour at cryogenic temperatures where no reference data from the manufacturer is available. We present comparative tests of phototubes from two companies. The tests are performed in conditions similar to those of operation in a real experiment. Measurements of the most relevant phototube parameters (quantum efficiency, gain, linearity, etc.) both at room and liquid Argon temperatures are reported. The results show that the studied phototubes comply with the stringent requirements posed by current dark matter searches performed with noble-liquid detectors.
Information Used in Detecting Upcoming Collision

In four experiments we examined the nature of the information used in judging whether events would or would not give rise to a collision in the near future. Observers were tested in situations depicting approaches between two objects (lateral approaches) and approaches between an object and the point of observation (head-on approaches), with objects moving according to constant deceleration or sinusoidal deceleration patterns. Judgments were found to be based, to a large extent, on the (in)sufficiency of current deceleration to avoid upcoming collision, as specified optically by tau-dot (τ̇). However, the information specified by tau (τ), that is the current (first-order) time remaining until contact, was also found to play a significant role. We deduce that judgment of upcoming collision is based on the detection of τ and its evolution over time, suggesting that observers are sensitive to Δτ rather than to τ̇ itself.
Crystal structure of flucetosulfuron

The title compound, C18H22FN5O8S, is used as a herbicide. The crystal structure is stabilized by N/C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯π interactions with weak π–π interactions contacts to form a three-dimensional architecture.
Comparing Polymer Optical Fiber (POF), fiber Bragg gratings and traditional strain gauge for aircraft structural health monitoring

Recently, the Polymer Optical Fiber Application Center (POF AC) at the University of Applied Sciences, Nuremberg has developed a polymer optical fiber (POF) elongation sensor. This work analyzes if this design could substitute the traditional strain gauges that are commonly used in structural health monitoring (SHM) tests, or the quite recent sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings.
Identification of the early and late responder genes during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse fibroblasts

Background The generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), a substitute for embryonic stem cell (ESC), requires the proper orchestration of a transcription program at the chromatin level. Our recent approach for the induction of pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts using protein extracts from mouse ESCs could overcome the potential tumorigenicity risks associated with random retroviral integration. Here, we examine the epigenetic modifications and the transcriptome of two types of iPSC and of partially reprogrammed iPSCs (iPSCp) generated independently from adult cardiac and skin fibroblasts to assess any perturbations of the transcription program during reprogramming. Results The comparative dissection of the transcription profiles and histone modification patterns at lysines 4 and 27 of histone H3 of the iPSC, iPSCp, ESC, and somatic cells revealed that the iPSC was almost completely comparable to the ESC, regardless of their origins, whereas the genes of the iPSCp were dysregulated to a larger extent. Regardless of the origins of the somatic cells, the fibroblasts induced using the ESC protein extracts appear to be completely reprogrammed into pluripotent cells, although they show unshared marginal differences in their gene expression programs, which may not affect the maintenance of stemness. A comparative investigation of the iPSCp generated by unwanted reprogramming showed that the two groups of genes on the pathway from somatic cells to iPSC might function as sequential reprogramming-competent early and late responders to the induction stimulus. Moreover, some of the divergent genes expressed only in the iPSCp were associated with many tumor-related pathways. Conclusions Faithful transcriptional reprogramming should follow epigenetic alterations to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells. This genome-wide comparison enabled us to define the early and late responder genes during the cell reprogramming process to iPSC. Our results indicate that the cellular responsiveness to external stimuli should be pre-determined and sequentially orchestrated through the tight modulation of the chromatin environment during cell reprogramming to prevent unexpected reprogramming.
Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum.

Address for Correspondence: Dr Muralidhar P Shepur, Assistant professor of Anatomy, JJM Medical College, Davangere -577004, Karnataka, India. Mobile:+91-9481161036 E-Mail: muralidharshepur@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: *1,4 &6 Assistant Professor, 3 Professor in Department of Anatomy, JJM Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India. 5 Taluk Heath Officer, Nagamangal, Karnataka, India. Background: Diameters of foramen magnum are important because vital structures passing through it and for sex determination of skulls. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically important because vital structures passing through it may endure compression such as in cases of foramen magnum herniation, foramen magnum meningiomas and foramen magnum achondroplasia. The knowledge of foramen magnum diameters is needed to determine some malformations such as Arnold Chiari syndrome, which shows expansion of transverse diameter. Objectives: To study longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and area of foramen magnum in relation to sex. Methods: 150 dry skulls and 30 CT scan images of living subjects were studied. Diameters of foramen magnum were measured by vernier calipers and its area was calculated by formula. Diameters and area of foramen were measured automatically. Results: The mean longitudinal diameter of foramen magnum in male was 33.4mm and female was 33.1mm and by CT Imaging method in male was 38.5mm and female was 35.2mm. The mean transverse diameter of foramen magnum in male was 28.5mm and female was 27.3mm and by CT Imaging method in male was 29.1mm and female was 27.6mm. Conclusion: longitudinal and transverse diameters and area of foramen magnum of male skulls were greater than females.
Lack of Evidence for Vertical Transmission of Campylobacter spp. in Chickens

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial food-borne infection in the industrial world. There is evidence that C. jejuni is present in eggs and hatchery fluff, opening the possibility for vertical transmission from hens to progeny. Poultry operations in Iceland provide an excellent opportunity to study this possibility, since breeding flocks are established solely from eggs imported from grandparent flocks in Sweden. This leaves limited opportunity for grandparents and their progeny to share isolates through horizontal transmission. While Campylobacter was not detected in all grandparent flocks, 13 of the 16 egg import lots consisted of eggs gathered from one or more Campylobacter-positive grandparent flocks. No evidence of Campylobacter was found by PCR in any of the 10 relevant quarantine hatchery fluff samples examined, and no Campylobacter was isolated from the parent birds through 8 weeks, while they were still in quarantine rearing facilities. After the birds were moved to less biosecure rearing facilities, Campylobacter was isolated, and 29 alleles were observed among the 224 isolates studied. While three alleles were found in both Sweden and Iceland, in no case was the same allele found both in a particular grandparent flock and in its progeny. We could find no evidence for vertical transmission of Campylobacter to the approximately 60,000 progeny parent breeders that were hatched from eggs coming from Campylobacter-positive grandparent flocks. If vertical transmission is occurring, it is not a significant source for the contamination of chicken flocks with Campylobacter spp.
Public Health Communication: Evidence for Behavior Change

* Public Health Communication: Evidence for Behavior Change. Robert Hornik, ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 2002. 405 pp. $99.95 hbk. $45 pbk. Public Health Communication: Evidence for Behavior Change is dedicated to answering a question that frustrates both health communication researchers and public health program planners worldwide: Do public health communication campaigns work? The book's answer to that question is a firm "yes," but the greatest value of the book is that it not only provides evidence supporting that conclusion but also helps us understand the circumstances under which campaigns successfully influence behavior. Perhaps even more importantly, it provides substantial explanation of the sorts of problems that may interfere with health communication campaign success. As Hornik's introduction notes, in recent years, several large-scale public health campaigns designed specifically to enable researchers to evaluate their effectiveness have produced discouraging results, suggesting that health communication campaigns have limited, if any, effects on behavior. In contrast, however, numerous other studies, along with the reality of increasing public adoption of many healthier behaviors, provide significant evidence that health communication campaigns can, indeed, produce positive behavior change. The book brings together a collection of sixteen case studies selected because, collectively, they support that conclusion. As the book notes, the cases selected are not meant to be representative of public health communication campaigns in general. Nonetheless, one of the strengths of the book is that Hornik has brought together a varied set of scholars writing on a wide variety of types of campaigns, conducted in numerous locations worldwide and focused on a broad range of health issues, including use of tobacco and marijuana among adults and adolescents, AIDS prevention behaviors, seat belt use, vaccination and other child health promotion behaviors, skin cancer prevention behaviors, and vasectomy adoption. In addition to the chapters examining intentional health campaigns, three chapters discuss how news coverage of health risks can influence behavior, often multiplying-but potentially also obscuring-the effects of intentional campaigns. Fan argues in the first of these three chapters that "the possibility should at least be contemplated that a major effect of an intervention effort is not the intervention itself but news about that intervention. " Although this may be good news for the health promotion goals, it significantly complicates teasing out the effects of the intervention itself. As Viswanath and Finnegan note in the next chapter, the major community trials campaigns-those using intervention and control communities to enable evaluation of the campaign effects-largely have been underpowered to detect small differences between the intervention and reference communities. …
Interpersonal relationships and health : social and clinical psychological mechanisms : 3rd Purdue Symposium on Psychological Sciences

Preface Contributors Part One: Introduction Interpersonal Relationships and Health: Where the Social and Clinical Converge Christopher R. Agnew and Susan C. South Part Two: Biology of Interpersonal Relationships 1. Relationship Researchers Put the 'Psycho' in Psychoneuroimmunology Timothy J. Loving and Elizabeth Keneski 2. On Marriage and the Heart: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms in the Study of Close Relationships and Cardiovascular Disease Timothy W. Smith, Carolynne E. Baron, and Catherine M. Caska 3. Family Relationships and Cortisol in Everyday Life Richard B. Slatcher 4. Divorce and Health Outcomes: From Social Epidemiology to Social Psychophysiology David A. Sbarra, Widyasita Nojopranoto, and Karen Hasselmo Part Three: Marital, Family, and Social Relationships, Health and Well-Being 5. It Sometimes Takes Two: Marriage as a Mechanism for Managing Chronic Illness Mary Ann Parris Stephens, Rachel C. Hemphill, Karen S. Rook, and Melissa M. Franks 6. The Couple and Family Discord Model of Depression: Updates and Future Directions Steven R. H. Beach 7. Intimate Partner Violence: A Biopsychosocial, Social Information Processing Perspective Christopher M. Murphy, Amber E.Q. Norwood, and Gina M. Poole 8. Interparental Conflict and Children's Mental Health: Emerging Directions in Emotional Security Theory E. Mark Cummings, Kalsea J. Koss, and Rebecca Y. M. Cheung 9. Social Connectedness at Older Ages and Implications for Health and Well-Being Linda J. Waite, James Iveniuk, and Edward O. Laumann 10. Trajectories of Within-Relationship Relationship Quality, Relationship Satisfaction and Sexual Satisfaction among Young African-American Women J. Dennis Fortenberry and Devon J. Hensel 11. Personality Effects on Risky Sexual Behavior: The Importance of Dynamic Situational Processes and Relational Contexts M. Lynne Cooper and Ruixue Zhaoyang Part Four: Synthesizing Social and Clinical Approaches to Relationships and Health 12. Putting it all Together: Synthesizing Social and Clinical Approaches to Relationships and Health Susan C. South
Analytical evaluation of the clinical chemistry analyzer Olympus AU2700 plus

Background : The objective of this study was to perform the analytical evaluation of the clinical chemistry analyzer Olympus AU2700 plus. The evaluation was performed according to the guidelines of the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (ECCLS). Materials and methods : The evaluation consisted of determination of within-run and between-run imprecision, inaccuracy and comparison with Olympus AU2700. The tested analytes were: glucose, creatinine, urate, total bilirubin, cholesterol, tryglicerides, calcium, phosphate, iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alpha-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, potassium, sodium, chloride, C-reactive protein, antistreptolysin O and rheumatoid factor. Results : The results showed low within-run and between-run imprecision and acceptable inaccuracy for all analytes. High correlation with AU2700 analyzer was found. Intercept and slope (with 95% con7 dence interval) met the preferences of Passing-Bablok regression for all of the analytes except alanine aminotransferase, sodium, rheumatoid factor, creatine kinase, total bilirubin and tryglicerides. Conclusions : Olympus AU2700 plus analyzer shows acceptable precision and accuracy for majority of analytes, with the exception of sodium and chloride. Instrument is fully comparable with Olympus AU2700 analyzer for all but several analytes (ALT, RF, sodium, CK, total bilirubin and tryglicerides), where only some minor deviations (constant and proportional di> erence) were observed.
Loss of p16 expression is associated with the stem cell characteristics of surface markers and therapeutic resistance in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer

Triple‐negative breast cancer [TNBC, which is negative for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2] is a high‐risk form of the disease without a specific therapy. DNA microarray and immunohistochemical analyses have shown that most TNBCs fall within the basal‐like histological subset of breast cancers, which frequently exhibit inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (Rb) and upregulation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a (p16). However, downregulation of p16 expression has been observed in some basal‐like breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that such cells can be divided into two groups according to Rb and p16 status. We now show that cells that are CD44+ and CD24−, a phenotype associated with stem‐like breast cancer cells, are more abundant in ER−/p16− breast cancer cell lines than in ER−/p16+ lines. It was also found that p16 expression was downregulated in mammospheres from an ER‐negative breast cancer cell line. Depletion of p16 by RNA interference in ER‐negative breast cancer cells increased the percentage of CD44+/CD24− cells and increased the expression of mRNA of the ES‐like genes Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 through an Rb‐independent pathway. Furthermore, such depletion of p16 reduced chemosensitivity. The loss of p16 expression may thus reduce the response of ER‐negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy by conferring cancer stem cell‐like properties. Consistent with this conclusion, immunohistochemical analysis of the clinical samples suggests that low p16 expression in TNBC is associated with resistance to preoperative chemotherapy.
Community and civil society

General introduction Chronology of Tonnies' life and career Community and Civil Society Tonnies' Preface to the first edition of 1887 1.1. A general classification of key ideas 1.2. Theory of Gesellschaft 2.1. The forms of human will 2.2. Explanation of the dichotomy 3.1. The sociological basis of natural law 3.2. Definitions and propositions 3.3. The natural element in law Conclusions and future prospects.
Correction of HDL Dysfunction in Individuals With Diabetes and the Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype

OBJECTIVE—Pharmacogenomics is a key component of personalized medicine. The Israel Cardiovascular Events Reduction with Vitamin E Study, a prospective placebo-controlled study, recently demonstrated that vitamin E could dramatically reduce CVD in individuals with diabetes and the haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 genotype (40% of diabetic individuals). However, because of the large number of clinical trials that failed to demonstrate benefit from vitamin E coupled with the lack of a mechanistic explanation for why vitamin E should be beneficial only in diabetic individuals with the Hp 2-2 genotype, enthusiasm for this pharmacogenomic paradigm has been limited. In this study, we sought to provide such a mechanistic explanation based on the hypothesis that the Hp 2-2 genotype and diabetes interact to promote HDL oxidative modification and dysfunction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Hb and lipid peroxides were assessed in HDL isolated from diabetic individuals or mice with the Hp 1-1 or Hp 2-2 genotypes. HDL function was assessed based on its ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages. A crossover placebo-controlled study in Hp 2-2 diabetic humans and in Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-2 diabetic mice assessed the ability of vitamin E to favorably modify these structural and functional parameters. RESULTS—Hb and lipid peroxides associated with HDL were increased and HDL function was impaired in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals and mice. Vitamin E decreased oxidative modification of HDL and improved HDL function in Hp 2-2 diabetes but had no effect in Hp 1-1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—Vitamin E significantly improves the quality of HDL in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals.
On the throughput of proportional fair scheduling with opportunistic beamforming for continuous fading states [cellular wireless systems]

We examine the throughput of an opportunistic beamforming system with proportional fair scheduling and show for normally distributed channel fading states that for large numbers of users the average throughput of each user multiplied by the number of users approaches the maximum possible throughput of this user achievable by coherent beamforming, if round robin scheduling was used. Thus, we extend a proof by Viswanath et al. who showed this for discrete fading states. We give the average SNR of the scheduled user (averaged across the fading states) in closed form and the average throughput in the form of an integral as a function of the number of transmit antennas and users. Simulations of this system confirm the analytical results. Finally, we show that for a large number of transmit antennas, the probability density function of the SNR of the scheduled user and therefore also the throughput asymptotically approach those of a system with a max SNR scheduler that always transmits to the user having the largest SNR and thus maximizes the total throughput.
On undesirable consequences of thinking: Framing effects as a function of substantive processing

Three studies investigate the impact of effortful constructive processing on framing effects. The results replicated previous findings: Participants avoided the risky option when the scenario was framed in terms of gains, but preferred this option when the scenario was framed in terms of losses. Importantly, framing effects were most pronounced when conditions allowed for an effortful constructive processing style (i.e., substantive processing). This impact of decision frames varied when decision time served as an indicator for the elaboration extent (Study 1), and also when processing motivation (accountability; Study 2) and processing ability (decision time; Study 3) were manipulated. Moreover, effortful processing did not increase framing effects when contextual cues reduced the necessity for constructive thinking (Study 1). We suggest that decision frames may take on very different roles as a function of the ambiguity of the decision problem, and the degree and style of processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.