Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Graft Length Change Patterns in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction via a Fluoroscopic Guidance Method

Background: A fluoroscopic guidance method for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has been widely used to determine the anatomic femoral attachment site. Purpose: To examine the graft length change patterns in MPFL reconstruction with a fluoroscopic guidance method. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty-four knees of 42 patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation were examined prospectively. During surgery, suture anchors were inserted into the proximal one-third and center of the patella. A guide pin for the femoral tunnel was inserted into the position reported by Schöttle et al based on the true lateral view of the knee under fluoroscopic control. Changes in graft length patterns of the proximal and center anchors were examined through 0° to 120° of knee flexion. Favorable changes in length patterns were defined as meeting 2 of 3 criteria: (1) not long during flexion (≤3 mm between 30° and 120° of flexion) and either (2) nearly isometric during flexion between 0° and 90° or (3) slightly long during maximum extension (≤3 mm). Other patterns were considered unfavorable. If the change in length pattern was unfavorable, then the pin for the femoral tunnel was moved to different positions until it was favorable. Knees were separated into the favorable group and the unfavorable group. Differences between the groups regarding radiographic parameters were assessed. Student t test or chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 44 knees, 31 (70.5%) showed favorable patterns. However, 13 knees (29.5%) showed unfavorable patterns; therefore, the position of the pin was changed. The mean ± SD distance from the original position to the final position was 5.3 ± 1.1 mm distal for 7 patients and 5.2 ± 0.4 mm posterodistal for 6 patients. Technical errors, including a nontrue lateral view and the tip of the wire not being in the determined area, were found for 4 of 13 knees in the unfavorable group. There was no statistical difference in radiographic parameters between the groups. Conclusion: The graft length change pattern could be nonphysiologic at the position determined through the fluoroscopic guidance method; thus, caution may be necessary. The change in length pattern should be checked before graft fixation. If the length change pattern is unfavorable, then it is advisable to move it approximately 5 to 7 mm distally or posterodistally from the first position.
Taxonomy of Dolerus subfasciatus auct. and D. subfasciatus F. Smith with notes on the sawfly subgenus Equidolerus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

Dolerus (Equidolerus) subfasciatus F. Smith 1874 is a valid species. Dolerus subfasciatus auct. is shown to include threedistinct species: the Nearctic D. (Equidolerus.) neoaprilis MacGillivray, 1908, spec. rev. and two Palaearctic species, D. (E.) pseudoanticus Malaise, 1931, spec. rev. and D. (E.) rhodogaster Zhelochovtsev, 1935, stat. nov. Distributionrecords and imaginal diagnostic characters of the species are provided, and the male of D. (E.) subfasciatus is described.Lectotypes are designated for Dolerus picinus Marlatt, 1898, D. picinus rhodogaster Zhelochovtsev, 1935, D. pseudoanticus Malaise, 1931, and D. yokohamensis Rohwer, 1925. Dolerus lucidus Freymuth, 1870 and D. purus Jakowlew, 1891 are associated with the subgenus Equidolerus and D. glabratus Wei, 2002 is transferred from Equidolerus to Dolerus s. str. Kew words: Sawflies, lectotype, nomenclature
Canted antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in bilayer graphene

We performed electrical transport measurements in strong tilted magnetic fields (up to 30 T) on a high quality bilayer graphene sample. The possibility of tuning the system into a topological state at zero filling factor, associated to a ferromagnetic phase, is demonstrated on the basis of an insulator-to-metal transition and simultaneous arising of strong non-local response. Based on recent theoretical predictions, relevant aspects of the phase transition are quantitatively extracted. New experimental developments on the topics are proposed in the final section.
Food patterns measured by factor analysis and anthropometric changes in adults.

BACKGROUND Sixty-five percent of US adults are overweight, and 31% of these adults are obese. Obesity results from weight gains over time; however, dietary determinants of weight gain remain controversial. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether food patterns derived from exploratory factor analysis are related to anthropometric changes. We hypothesized that we would derive a healthy food pattern and that it would predict smaller changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (in cm) than would other food patterns in models adjusted for baseline anthropometric measures. DESIGN The subjects were 459 healthy men and women participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diet was assessed by using 7-d dietary records, from which 40 food groups were formed and entered into a factor analysis. RESULTS Six food patterns were derived. Factor 1 (reduced-fat dairy products, fruit, and fiber) was most strongly associated with fiber (r = 0.39) and loaded heavily on reduced-fat dairy products, cereal, and fruit and loaded moderately on fruit juice, nonwhite bread, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and beans and legumes. In a multivariate-adjusted model in which the highest and lowest quintiles were compared, factor 1 was inversely associated with annual change in BMI (beta = -0.51; 95% CI: -0.82, -0.20; P < 0.05; P for trend < 0.01) in women and inversely associated with annual change in waist circumference (beta = -1.06 cm; 95% CI: -1.88, -0.24 cm; P < 0.05; P for trend = 0.04) in both sexes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a pattern rich in reduced-fat dairy products and high-fiber foods may lead to smaller gains in BMI in women and smaller gains in waist circumference in both women and men.
Multiagent Decision Making in Collaborative Decision Networks by Utility Cluster Based Partial Evaluation

We consider optimal multiagent cooperative decision making in stochastic environments. The focus is on simultaneous decision making, during which agents cooperate by limited communication. We model the multiagent system as a collaborative decision network (CDN). Several techniques are developed to improve efficiency for decision making with CDNs. We present an equivalent transformation of CDN subnets to facilitate model manipulation. We propose partial evaluation to allow action profiles evaluated with reduced computation. We decompose a CDN subnet, based on clustering of utility variables. A general simultaneous decision making algorithm suite is developed that embeds these techniques. We show that the new algorithm suite improves efficiency by a combination of a linear factor and an exponential factor.
Dose-related effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on innate immune function in healthy humans: a comparison of young and older men.

BACKGROUND Increasing intakes of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can decrease markers of immunity. However, dose- and age-related responses have not been identified. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effects of different amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on innate immune outcomes in young and older males. DESIGN In a controlled, double-blind study, healthy young and older men consumed 1 of 4 supplements provided as capsules: placebo (corn oil) or different amounts of an oil providing 1.35, 2.7, or 4.05 g EPA/d for 12 wk. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 12 wk. RESULTS EPA was incorporated in a linear dose-response fashion into plasma and mononuclear cell (MNC) phospholipids; incorporation was greater in the older men. EPA treatment did not alter neutrophil or monocyte phagocytosis, monocyte respiratory burst, or the production of inflammatory cytokines by MNCs in the young or older men. EPA treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in neutrophil respiratory burst only in the older men. Increased incorporation of EPA into plasma or MNC phospholipids was associated with decreased production of prostaglandin E2 by MNCs from both young and older men. CONCLUSIONS Older subjects incorporate EPA into plasma and MNC phospholipids more readily than do younger subjects. Other than prostaglandin E2 production, innate immune responses in young subjects are not affected by an EPA intake of < or =4.05 g/d. Older subjects are more sensitive to the immunologic effects of EPA, and the neutrophil respiratory burst is lower at higher EPA intakes.
Gender Differences in Emotion Explain Women’s Lower Immoral Intentions and Harsher Moral Condemnation

Why do men view morally questionable behaviors as more permissible than women do? Five studies investigated emotional factors as explanations for gender differences in moral decision-making. In Study 1 (N = 324), gender differences in perceptions of moral wrongness were explained by guilt and shame proneness. Studies 2a and 2b (combined N = 562) demonstrated that instructions to adopt an unemotional perspective (vs. standard instructions) led women to have higher immoral intentions, no longer lower than men’s, as they were in the control group. Studies 3 and 4 (N = 834) showed that men expected immoral actions to result in higher positive and lower self-conscious moral emotions than women do. Study 4 (N = 424) showed that these emotional expectancies account for gender differences in immoral intentions. Study 5 (N = 450) showed that women—but not men—experience heightened self-conscious moral emotions and regret when recalling past transgressions done for personal gain.
Silicate layer exfoliation in polyolefin/clay nanocomposites based on maleic anhydride modified polyolefins and organophilic clay

Silicate layer exfoliation processes in maleic anhydride (MA) modified polyolefins were studied by using X-ray diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy observations. Modified polyolefins grafted with 0.09–4.5 wt % MA groups intercalate into the organophilic clay galleries modified with stearyl ammonium ions. Molten MA-modified polypropylene continuously intercalates into the galleries and the silicate layers exfoliate spontaneously without shear. However, the silicate layers maintain arranging parallel together, although the interlayer spacing expands over 10 nm. By adding shear, the silicate layers homogeneously disperse into MA-modified polypropylene matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 464–470, 2004
A controlled 2-mo dietary fat reduction and soy food supplementation study in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Low intake of dietary fat and high intake of soy foods have been suggested to partly explain the lower breast cancer rates in Asia, perhaps because of lower endogenous estrogens. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the hormonal and nonhormonal effects of diets resembling an Asian diet in terms of total fat and soy food contents. DESIGN Fifty-seven postmenopausal women participated in a randomized, controlled, dietary intervention study. The subjects consumed a very-low-fat diet (VLFD; 11% of energy as fat), a Step I diet (25% of energy as fat) supplemented with soy food (SFD; 50 mg isoflavones/d), or a control Step I diet (CD; 27% of energy as fat) with no soy food. All diets were prepared at the General Clinical Research Center of the University of Southern California. Serum hormones and other markers were measured at baseline and every 2 wk during the 8 wk of intervention. RESULTS There were no significant differences in total estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin at the completion of the intervention between women in the SFD and VLFD groups and those in the CD group. Serum insulin decreased significantly in the SFD group, and leptin decreased significantly in the SFD and VLFD groups; however, these changes did not differ significantly from the changes in the CD group. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide evidence that ingestion of soy food or a VLFD significantly reduces estrogen concentrations in postmenopausal women. However, short-term changes in diet may have significant and beneficial effects on blood insulin and leptin concentrations.
Lyα EMISSION FROM COSMIC STRUCTURE. I. FLUORESCENCE

We present predictions for the fluorescent Lyα emission signature arising from photoionized, optically thick structures in smoothed particle hydrodynamic cosmological simulations of a ΛCDM universe using a Monte Carlo Lyα radiative transfer code. We calculate the expected Lyα image and two-dimensional spectra for gas exposed to a uniform ultraviolet ionizing background as well as gas exposed additionally to the photoionizing radiation from a local quasar, after correcting for the self-shielding of hydrogen. As a test of our numerical methods and for application to current observations, we examine simplified analytic structures that are uniformly or anisotropically illuminated. We compare these results with recent observations. We discuss future observing campaigns on large telescopes and realistic strategies for detecting fluorescence owing to the ambient metagalactic ionization and in regions close to bright quasars. While it will take hundreds of hours on the current generation of telescopes to detect fluorescence caused by the ultraviolet background alone, our calculations suggest that on the order of 10 sources of quasar-induced fluorescent Lyα emission should be detectable after a 10 hr exposure in a 10 arcmin2 field around a bright quasar. These observations will help probe the physical conditions in the densest regions of the intergalactic medium as well as the temporal light curves and isotropy of quasar radiation.
Prospective registry for laparoscopic liver resection

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been widely performed throughout the world. Although prospective registry studies to clarify the safety of LLR have been feasible, no prior multicenter prospective study has addressed this issue. We have conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to reveal the current status of LLR in Japan.
Birth Parameters and Cognitive Ability in Older Age: A Follow-Up Study of People Born 1921–1926

Background: Birth weight throughout the normal range correlates with cognitive ability in childhood. Some studies suggest this may persist into adulthood, but it is unclear whether this continues into old age. Objective: To investigate the relationship between birth parameters (birth weight, birth length, placental weight and social class) and cognitive ability in old age. Methods: 128 community-dwelling volunteers born in one hospital in Edinburgh, UK, between 1921 and 1926 had birth details extracted from the records. All aged 75–81 underwent cognitive tests. The National Adult Reading Test (NART) was used to estimate prior ability. Tests of fluid cognitive ability showed positive intercorrelations, and therefore a general cognitive factor (g) was extracted using principal components analysis. Results: Estimated prior ability (NART) correlated with birth length (r = 0.25, p = 0.02), and non-significantly with birth weight (r = 0.15, p = 0.19). There were no statistically significant correlations between birth parameters and cognitive ability aged around 80 (birth weight r = 0.12, p = 0.27; length r = 0.19, p = 0.08). Placental weight was not associated with cognitive ability. There was a trend towards an association between social class at birth and prior cognitive ability (more deprivation predicting poorer performance) (rho = –0.17, p = 0.06). Social class was not significantly associated with cognitive ability in old age (rho = 0.07, p = 0.47), or with estimated cognitive change (rho = –0.03, p = 0.73). Conclusion: In a small sample of community-dwelling older people, an influence was detected from birth to earlier cognitive ability using a test of crystallized intelligence. However, this effect was not significant into old age. In this sample, social class at birth did not affect later cognitive ability. The effect size of early life influences on cognition is small, with birth parameters explaining about 1% of the variance. Research with larger samples should consider influences operating across the whole life course, and their relative importance over time.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin the Stingy Hour: How Accounting for Time Affects Volunteering on Behalf Of: Society for Personality and Social Psychology the Stingy Hour: How Accounting for Time Affects Volunteering Background and Hypotheses

These studies examined how the practice of accounting for one's time—so that work can be billed or charged to specific clients or projects—affects the decision to allocate time to volunteer activities. Using longitudinal data collected from law students transitioning to their first jobs, Study 1 showed that exposure to billing time diminished individuals' willingness to volunteer, even after controlling for attitudes about volunteering held before entering the workforce as well as the individual's specific opportunity costs of volunteering time. Studies 2-5 experimentally manipulated billing time and confirmed its causal effect on individuals' willingness to volunteer and actual volunteering behavior. Study 5 showed that the effect of exposure to billing time on volunteering occurred above and beyond any effects on general self-efficacy or self-determination. Individual differences moderated the effects of billing, such that people who did not value money as much were less affected. With the growing pervasiveness of computer technology in the workplace, monitoring activities by, among other things, having individuals bill or account for their time on some form of " timesheet " has become easier and more pervasive (Kaveny, 2001). It is not just accountants, lawyers, consultants , and, in some instances, doctors who have to account for how they spend their time at work. At a major U.S. business school, clerical staff members fill out timesheets so their work output can be measured and the costs of their time assigned to various kinds of tasks (such as teaching or research) for budgeting purposes. Although accounting for time on some form of timesheet is neither unusual nor new in the workplace, there has been little research on its effects. In the series of studies reported here, we argue that having to account for one's time changes how people think about their time and that the resulting decision calculus affects their choices in other life domains. As such, we consider how the practice of accounting for time use on a timesheet (hereafter referred to as " billing time " for parsimony) may have spillover effects on decisions about time use even when individuals are not billing their time and they are making decisions about personal time outside of an organizational work context. We test whether billing time, which makes the connection between time and money salient, renders the decision rule of not working without compensation a more salient and accessible heuristic for making decisions about time use.
Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction

Abstract Within the Job Demands-Resources model, the presence of job demands (e.g., work pressure) and the absence of job resources (e.g., social support) relate to burnout through a psychological energetic process, whereas the presence of job resources associates with work engagement through a motivational process. Although various mechanisms have been suggested to understand these processes, empirical evidence for these mechanisms is scarce within the JD-R framework. This study examines the role of basic need satisfaction, as defined within Self-Determination Theory, in the relationships between job demands, job resources, and employees’ exhaustion and vigour, the main components of burnout and engagement, respectively. Structural equation modelling in a heterogeneous sample of 745 employees of the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium confirmed that satisfaction of basic psychological needs partially explained the relationships from job demands to exhaustion and from job resources to vigour. It fully accounted for the relationship between job resources and exhaustion. We conclude that the current study adds to the research pointing at need satisfaction as a promising underlying mechanism for employees’ thriving at work.
Improved Function With Enhanced Protein Intake per Meal: A Pilot Study of Weight Reduction in Frail, Obese Older Adults

Abstract Background: Obesity is a significant cause of functional limitations in older adults; yet, concerns that weight reduction could diminish muscle along with fat mass have impeded progress toward an intervention. Meal-based enhancement of protein intake could protect function and/or lean mass but has not been studied during geriatric obesity reduction. Methods: In this 6-month randomized controlled trial, 67 obese (body mass index ≥30kg/m2) older (≥60 years) adults with a Short Physical Performance Battery score of 4–10 were randomly assigned to a traditional (Control) weight loss regimen or one with higher protein intake (>30g) at each meal (Protein). All participants were prescribed a hypo-caloric diet, and weighed and provided dietary guidance weekly. Physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery) and lean mass (BOD POD), along with secondary measures, were assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months. Results: At the 6-month endpoint, there was significant (p < .001) weight loss in both the Control (−7.5±6.2kg) and Protein (−8.7±7.4kg) groups. Both groups also improved function but the increase in the Protein (+2.4±1.7 units; p < .001) was greater than in the Control (+0.9±1.7 units; p < .01) group (p = .02). Conclusion: Obese, functionally limited older adults undergoing a 6-month weight loss intervention with a meal-based enhancement of protein quantity and quality lost similar amounts of weight but had greater functional improvements relative to the Control group. If confirmed, this dietary approach could have important implications for improving the functional status of this vulnerable population (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01715753).
Strength training and adiposity in premenopausal women: strong, healthy, and empowered study.

BACKGROUND American women aged 25-44 y gain 0.5-1 kg yearly, most of which is fat. Because few midlife women participate in strength training, this mode of activity may be a novel intervention for preventing age-associated fat increases in this population. OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to assess the efficacy of twice-weekly strength training to avoid increases in percentage body fat and intraabdominal fat. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was conducted in an ethnically diverse sample of 164 overweight and obese [body mass index (in kg/m2): 25-35] women aged 25-44 y. The treatment group did twice-weekly strength training for 2 y. The standard care comparison group was given brochures recommending aerobic exercise. Assessments at baseline, 1, and 2 y included intraabdominal fat by computed tomography scan and body fat and fat-free mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS During 2 y, percentage body fat changes were -3.68 +/- 0.99% for the treatment group and -0.14 +/- 1.04% for the control group, P = 0.01. Two-year intraabdominal fat changes were 7.05 +/- 5.07% for the treatment group and 21.36 +/- 5.34% for the control group, P = 0.05. CONCLUSION This study suggests that strength training is an efficacious intervention for preventing percentage body fat increases and attenuating intraabdominal fat increases in overweight and obese premenopausal women. This is relevant to public health efforts for obesity prevention because most weight gain can be assumed to be fat, including abdominal fat.