Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential synergies of theorem proving and model checking for software product lines

The verification of software product lines is an active research area. A challenge is to efficiently verify similar products without the need to generate and verify them individually. As solution, researchers suggest family-based verification approaches, which either transform compile-time into runtime variability or make verification tools variability-aware. Existing approaches either focus on theorem proving, model checking, or other verification techniques. For the first time, we combine theorem proving and model checking to evaluate their synergies for product-line verification. We provide tool support by connecting five existing tools, namely FeatureIDE and FeatureHouse for product-line development, as well as KeY, JPF, and OpenJML for verification of Java programs. In an experiment, we found the synergy of improved effectiveness and efficiency, especially for product lines with few defects. Further, we experienced that model checking and theorem proving are more efficient and effective if the product line contains more defects.
A Semianalytic Model for Cosmological Reheating and Reionization Due to the Gravitational Collapse of Structure

We present a semianalytic model for the thermal and ionization history of the universe at 1000 ≳ z ≳ 3. This model incorporates much of the essential physics included in full-scale hydrodynamical simulations, such as (1) gravitational collapse and virialization; (2) star/quasar formation and subsequent ionizing radiation; (3) heating and cooling; (4) atomic and molecular physics of hydrogen; and (5) the feedback relationships between these processes. In addition, we model the process of reheating and reionization using two separate phases, self-consistently calculating the filling factor of each phase. Thus, radiative transfer is treated more accurately than simulations published to date have done: we allow to lowest order for the inhomogeneity of the sources and the sinks of radiation. After calibrating and checking the results of this model against a hydrodynamical simulation, we apply our model to a variety of Gaussian (adiabatic power spectra) and non-Gaussian (texture and isocurvature) cold dark matter (CDM)-dominated cosmologies normalized to cluster abundances. Our model is also normalized to observations of the ionizing UV intensity J21 ≈ 1 at redshift z = 4. Our major conclusions include: (1) the epoch of reheating (starting late at z ~ 30 or early at z ~ 80) depends most strongly on the power spectrum (late: adiabatic; early: texture or isocurvature); (2) because of the effects of gas clumping, full reionization occurs at z ~ 10 in all models; (3) the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) polarization anisotropy will be a strong discriminant between late and early reheating models; (4) the fraction of baryons sequestered in stars and quasars in early reheating models appears to be greater than the observational limit, while the fraction in late reheating models is well below it; (5) the average degree of nonlinearity for collapsing baryons remains roughly constant during reheating, a possible explanation of which is feedback, which regulates the pace of reheating through the Jeans criterion; and (6) the evolution of the bias of luminous objects can potentially discriminate strongly between Gaussian and non-Gaussian probability density functions.
Fecal Carriage of ESBL-Producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Children in Guinea-Bissau: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background In recent years, the world has seen a surge in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. However, data on the dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community from systematically enrolled study subjects in Africa remains limited. To determine the prevalence, phenotypic resistance patterns and genetic characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in fecal carriage and to analyze associated risk factors in children attending a pediatric emergency department in Guinea-Bissau. Methodology/Principal Findings From June to September 2010, children <5 years of age with fever or tachycardia attending a pediatric emergency ward during the day was screened for ESBL carriage in feces. Socio-demographic and health seeking behavior data was collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested with VITEK2 and EUCAST disk diffusion method, molecular characterization of ESBL-encoding genes was performed with multiplex PCR and clonal relatedness was established by automated rep-PCR. Of 408 enrolled children 133 (32.6%) were ESBL carriers. In total, 83 E. coli and 91 K. pneumoniae ESBL-producing isolates were obtained. Nearly all isolates were multidrug-resistant. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides was common. Of the isolates, 38.5% were co-resistant to these classes plus extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which infers resistance to all easily available antibiotic agents for treatment of gram-negative sepsis in Guinea-Bissau. The predominant resistance-encoding gene subgroup was bla CTX-M-1 and epidemiologic typing showed that the bacterial ESBL population was highly diverse both for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Bed sharing with another child <5 years of age was a risk factor for ESBL carriage, indicating crowding as a potential risk factor for transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria. Conclusions/Significance Prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in this population was high and clonally diverse. This is alarming considering the limited diagnostic and treatment possibilities in Guinea-Bissau and other resource-poor countries.
Toward a Formalization of Emergence

Abstract Emergence is a concept widely used in the sciences, the arts, and engineering. Some effort has been made to formalize it, but it is used in various contexts with different meanings, and a unified theory of emergence is still distant. The ultimate goal of a theory of emergence should include using emergence to model, design, or predict the behavior of multiagent systems. The author proposes a formal definition of a basic type of emergence using a language-theoretic and grammar systems approach. It is shown which types of phenomena can be modeled in this sense and what the consequences are for other more complex phenomena.
Sexisme, masculinité-féminité et facteurs culturels

Ce travail analyse la relation, sur le plan transculturel, entre l'ideologie de genre (ou sexisme) et la perception de soi en termes de masculinite/feminite, les dimensions culturelles proposees par Hofstede (individualisme-collectivisme, masculinite-feminite, distance au pouvoir et reduction de l'incertitude), l'Indicateur de Developpement Humain, et d'autres indices nationaux en relation avec la socialisation, les droits humains et les caracteristiques de la famille. Les niveaux de sexisme des 20 pays etudies par Glick et collaborateurs (2000) et les indices de masculinite et de feminite des 29 pays etudies par Fernandez (2001) ont ete utilises, ainsi que les indices culturels mentionnes, qui ont ete obtenus pour tous ces pays. Les resultats confirment la validite transculturelle de la conception de sexisme ambivalent (croyances qui justifient les inegalites entre hommes et femmes). Ils montrent sa relation avec un faible niveau de developpement humain, de faibles scores en feminite (chez les hommes et chez les femmes), un plus grand collectivisme, une plus grande distance au pouvoir, un moindre respect des droits civils, un taux de fertilite plus eleve chez les femmes adultes, et une plus grande importance donnee a l'education aux valeurs des bonnes manieres, de la religiosite et de l'obeissance.
Bisphosphonate Effects and the Bone Remodeling Transient

Published randomized clinical trial data for alendronate, given at a dose of 10 mg/day, were fitted by a computer algorithm to the currently accepted model of the bone remodeling process. The purpose was to determine how much of the reported improvement in lumbar spine bone density could be attributed to the inevitable remodeling transient and how much might represent positive bone balance. Very good fits to the clinical data were easily obtained, indicating the general validity of current syntheses of bone remodeling biology. The best fit was provided by simulations produced by combinations of 36–38% suppression of remodeling activation and positive remodeling balance ranging from 1.1 to 1.4% per year. Whole body bone biomarker changes would have suggested both a slightly greater degree of suppression and a higher baseline level of remodeling than could be provided by any of the simulations if they were to fit the clinical data. Either regional skeletal heterogeneity or lack of a one‐to‐one quantitative relationship between remodeling changes and biomarker changes may explain the discrepancies between the two approaches.
Understanding adolescents' positive and negative developmental experiences in sport

The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of adolescents’ positive and negative developmental experiences in sport. Twenty-two purposefully sampled adolescent competitive swimmers participated in a semistructured qualitative interview. Content analysis led to the organization of meaning units into themes and categories (Patton, 2002). Athletes suggested their sport involvement facilitated many positive developmental experiences (i.e., related to challenge, meaningful adult and peer relationships, a sense of community, and other life experiences) and some negative developmental experiences (i.e., related to poor coach relationships, negative peer influences, parent pressure, and the challenging psychological environment of competitive sport). Findings underline the important roles of sport programmers, clubs, coaches, and parents in facilitating youths’ positive developmental experiences in sport, while highlighting numerous important directions for future research. Implications for coach trainin.
EXPANDING A VALIDATED MODEL: EFFECTS AND ANTECEDENTS OF STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

This study attempted to identify aspects of student engagement and capital inputs that impacted student achievement. The primary research question in the study asked: Does student engagement mediate the effects of capital inputs at the student, school, and class level to improve student achievement? The study also sought to understand how student engagement, capital inputs, and student achievement differed between White and African American students. This study used the 1990 and 1992 follow-up waves of the NELS:88 dataset. Two standardized scores defined student achievement: 12th grade reading and mathematics. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Data analyses failed to support student engagement as a mediator of capital inputs for increased student achievement. Instead, the study supported the class-level factor, comprised of the track-level of the class and teacher expectations for student success, as having the strongest effect on student performance, although school-level factors and teacher perceptions of student engagement were significant in the model. The class-level factor had a strong path coefficient (.889 for White students; .726 for African American students) for student achievement. The final model explained 52% of the variance in student achievement for White students and 38% of the variance in student achievement for African American
Roles of RuvC and RecG in Phage λ Red-Mediated Recombination

ABSTRACT The recombination properties of Escherichia colistrains expressing the red genes of bacteriophage λ and lacking recBCD function either by mutation or by expression of λ gam were examined. The substrates for recombination were nonreplicating λ chromosomes, introduced by infection; Red-mediated recombination was initiated by a double-strand break created by the action of a restriction endonuclease in the infected cell. In one type of experiment, two phages marked with restriction site polymorphisms were crossed. Efficient formation of recombinant DNA molecules was observed in ruvC+recG+, ruvC recG+,ruvC+ recG, and ruvC recG hosts. In a second type of experiment, a 1-kb nonhomology was inserted between the double-strand break and the donor chromosome’s restriction site marker. In this case, recombinant formation was found to be partially dependent upon ruvC function, especially in arecG mutant background. In a third type of experiment, the recombining partners were the host cell chromosome and a 4-kb linear DNA fragment containing the cat gene, with flankinglac sequences, released from the infecting phage chromosome by restriction enzyme cleavage in the cell; the formation of chloramphenicol-resistant bacterial progeny was measured. Dependence on RuvC varied considerably among the three types of cross. However, in all cases, the frequency of Red-mediated recombination was higher inrecG than in recG+. These observations favor models in which RecG tends to push invading 3′-ended strands back out of recombination intermediates.
Teacher-Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness

Administrative data on fifth grade students in North Carolina shows that more highly qualified teachers tend to be matched with more advantaged students, both across schools and in many cases within them. This matching biases estimates of the relationship between teacher characteristics and achievement; we isolate this bias in part by focusing on schools where students are distributed relatively evenly across classrooms. Teacher experience is consistently associated with achievement; teacher licensure test scores associate with math achievement. These returns display a form of heterogeneity across students that may help explain why the observed form of teacher-student matching persists in equilibrium.
A Guy Walks into a Bar...: Exploring Clients' Preferences for Humor and Ratings of Therapy Sessions

OF THESIS A GUY WALKS INTO A BAR. : EXPLORING CLIENTS’ PREFERENCES FOR HUMOR AND RATINGS OF THERAPY SESSIONS Humor has been identified as an important factor in the establishment of relationships. This study explores the use of humor in mental health therapy and how clients’ preferences for humor impact an evaluation of the therapy session. Forty-eight individuals currently receiving mental health therapy were examined along with the use of three forms of humor: positive, negative, and instrumental. There was a significant relationship between a preference for negative humor and session evaluation scores in which the more negative humor preferred, the lower the session ratings. Although not significant, other trends were noted between self-enhancing humor and session depth, aggressive humor and session depth, and affiliative humor and positivity. Gender differences and preference for humor were also examined with men reporting higher value on negative humor than women and women reporting greater post-session arousal than men. These findings are discussed in terms of the need for further research to consider factors that may have influenced the present study’s results.
Structures, Enzymatic Properties, and Expression of Novel Human and Mouse Secretory Phospholipase A2s*

Mammalian secretory phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s) form a family of structurally related enzymes that are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes via the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids or the binding to specific membrane receptors. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel sPLA2 that is the sixth isoform of the sPLA2family found in humans. The novel human mature sPLA2consists of 123 amino acids (M r = 14,000) and is most similar to group IIA sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) with respect to the number and positions of cysteine residues as well as overall identity (51%). Therefore, this novel sPLA2should be categorized into group II and called group IIE (sPLA2-IIE) following the recently identified group IID sPLA2 (sPLA2-IID). The enzymatic properties of recombinant human sPLA2-IIE were almost identical to those of sPLA2-IIA and IID in terms of Ca2+requirement, optimal pH, substrate specificity, as well as high susceptibility to the sPLA2 inhibitor indoxam. Along with the biochemical properties of proteins, genetic and evolutional similarities were also observed among these three types of group II sPLA2s as to the chromosomal location of the human gene (1p36) and the exon/intron organization. The expression of sPLA2-IIE transcripts in humans was restricted to the brain, heart, lung, and placenta in contrast to broad expression profiles for sPLA2-IIA and -IID. In sPLA2-IIA-deficient mice, the expression of sPLA2-IIE was markedly enhanced in the lung and small intestine upon endotoxin challenge, which contrasted with the reduced expression of sPLA2-IID mRNA. In situhybridization analysis revealed elevation of sPLA2-IIE mRNA at alveolar macrophage-like cells in the lung of endotoxin-treated mice. These findings suggest a distinct functional role of novel sPLA2-IIE in the progression of inflammatory processes.
Genetic Watermarking Based on DCT Domain Techniques

In order to increase the speed of genetic watermarking and improve the robustness and imperceptibleness of the algorithm, a new embedding and extracting method with genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The AC coefficients of image in DCT domain were modified to embed the watermark. The proposed embedding and extracting method was employed to accelerate the genetic watermarking and to avoid the leak of watermark. GA was used to optimize both the fundamentally conflicting requirements: robustness and invisibility. The experimental results show both the good robustness under attacks and the high fidelity. The time needed to perform the program is greatly decreased. About 1/3 time has been saved
Local Adaptation at the Transcriptome Level in Brown Trout: Evidence from Early Life History Temperature Genomic Reaction Norms

Local adaptation and its underlying molecular basis has long been a key focus in evolutionary biology. There has recently been increased interest in the evolutionary role of plasticity and the molecular mechanisms underlying local adaptation. Using transcriptome analysis, we assessed differences in gene expression profiles for three brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations, one resident and two anadromous, experiencing different temperature regimes in the wild. The study was based on an F2 generation raised in a common garden setting. A previous study of the F1 generation revealed different reaction norms and significantly higher QST than FST among populations for two early life-history traits. In the present study we investigated if genomic reaction norm patterns were also present at the transcriptome level. Eggs from the three populations were incubated at two temperatures (5 and 8 degrees C) representing conditions encountered in the local environments. Global gene expression for fry at the stage of first feeding was analysed using a 32k cDNA microarray. The results revealed differences in gene expression between populations and temperatures and population × temperature interactions, the latter indicating locally adapted reaction norms. Moreover, the reaction norms paralleled those observed previously at early life-history traits. We identified 90 cDNA clones among the genes with an interaction effect that were differently expressed between the ecologically divergent populations. These included genes involved in immune- and stress response. We observed less plasticity in the resident as compared to the anadromous populations, possibly reflecting that the degree of environmental heterogeneity encountered by individuals throughout their life cycle will select for variable level of phenotypic plasticity at the transcriptome level. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of transcriptome approaches to identify genes with different temperature reaction norms. The responses observed suggest that populations may vary in their susceptibility to climate change.
The role of motivarion and age in vocabulary knowledge

Vocabulary knowledge is central in FL learning. A large number of studies have shown a positive link between learners’ achievement in FL learning and motivation. However not many have paid attention to the specific effect of motivation in FL vocabulary learning. This paper explores the relevance of motivation and age in receptive vocabulary size acquisition. A total of 186 EFL Spanish students were tested throughout 8th and 9th grades of Secondary Education. Three vocabulary size tests and part of an adapted questionnaire from Gardner’s (1985) A/MTB were used to assess their word knowledge level and motivation towards EFL respectively. Results prove that there is a lineal increase in the overall scores of the pupils and significant growth for the three vocabulary levels tested at both grades, yet the rate of growth is uneven for the three levels. No variation was found in the learners’ level of motivation as they moved up a grade. Finally, a significant relationship between the level of motivation and the three receptive vocabulary tests was perceived in 9th, but not in 8th grade.
Reading Face, Reading Health: Exploring Face Reading Technologies for Everyday Health

With the recent advancement in computer vision, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and mobile technologies, it has become technically feasible for computerized Face Reading Technologies (FRTs) to learn about one's health in everyday settings. However, how to design FRT-based applications for everyday health practices remains unexplored. This paper presents a design study with a technology probe called Faced, a mobile health checkup application based on the facial diagnosis method from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). A field trial of Faced with 10 participants suggests potential usage modes and highlights a number of critical design issues in the use of FRTs for everyday health, including adaptability, practicality, sensitivity, and trustworthiness. We end by discussing design implications to address the unique challenges of fully integrating FRTs into everyday health practices.
Power quality survey in a technological institute

This paper discusses the power quality survey conducted in the distribution system of Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India. Individual power quality parameters measured from the survey are analyzed and presented in detail. To assess the power quality, measured data are compared with various power quality standards including IEEE 519-1992 standard for the measured voltage and current harmonics. The information obtained from this survey will be useful in improving the quality of power in the Institute.