Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Potential Private Information on REIT Liquidity

This article examines how, and to what degree, the potential for private information affects the liquidity of the market for real estate investment trusts (REITs). Consistent with the previous literature, we find that REITs trading on organized specialist exchanges are more liquid than those trading in the over-the-counter market. In addition, an examination of REIT market liquidity across individual firm portfolio holdings reveals REITs with more focused investment strategies are easier to value and more liquid than their diversified counterparts. Finally, our results also indicate liquidity improves as the percentage of the firmâ€™s investment portfolio held as direct property (i.e., equity) investments rises. This finding is consistent with the belief that financial assets are informationally opaque and, therefore, uniquely difficult to value.
Are School Superintendents Rewarded for “Performance”?

Excerpt] This chapter presents analyses of the compensation and mobility of school superintendents in New York State during the 1978-79 to 1982-83 period. The focus is on school superintendents because they are the chief operating officers of school districts, their salaries are determined through individual "negotiations" with school boards, and their salary data were made available to us. In contrast, school principals' salary data were not available to us. Especially in large districts, principals tend to be members of a union and their salary increases negotiated collectively, which limits the likelihood of observing individual principals' salaries being related to measures of their school's performance.
Total dose and displacement damage effects in a radiation-hardened CMOS APS

A 512/spl times/512 CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5-/spl mu/m technology. The radiation tolerance of the sensor has been evaluated with Co-60 and proton irradiation with proton energies ranging from 11.7 to 59 MeV. The most pronounced radiation effect is the increase of the dark current. However, the total ionizing dose-induced dark current increase is orders of magnitude smaller than in standard devices. It behaves logarithmically with dose and anneals at room temperature. The dark current increase due to proton displacement damage is explained in terms of the nonionizing energy loss of the protons. The fixed pattern noise does not increase with total ionizing dose. Responsivity changes are observed after Co-60 and proton irradiation, but a definitive cause has not yet been established.
Socially responsible purchasing in supply chains: drivers and barriers in Sweden

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to explore the factors that drive or hinder organisations to implement socially responsible purchasing. Design/methodology/approach - A literature analysis is complemented with empirical data from interviews with 20 private and public Swedish organisations. Findings - The findings from the literature analysis are compared with findings from Swedish organisations. The study finds that in Swedish organisations, the main drivers for socially responsible purchasing include stakeholder influence and organisational values, media and NGOs' attention and employees' concern. The main barriers are a lack of resources for supplier audits, difficulties to ensure that all suppliers fulfil the code of conduct, differences in culture and management style, low levels of social standards and high levels of corruption in some countries of supply, all of which makes assurance practices a very costly enterprise. Research limitations/implications - Future research could compare socially responsible purchasing (SRP) practices of focal organisations from different countries and deepen the understanding of contextual factors that shape responses of suppliers situated in different regions. Practical implications - Although exploratory in nature, this study assists managers and public procurers with a greater understanding of the drivers and barriers of socially responsible purchasing, as well as of success factors for integrating social aspects into purchasing practices. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the limited body of literature on the drivers and barriers for organisations to initiate and maintain the work on socially responsible purchasing.
Real Options in the Motion Picture Industry: Evidence from Film Marketing and Sequels

We examine the application of real options within two contexts of motion picture investment decisions by studio executives. The first is whether to continue marketing a film following its initial release in theaters (an abandonment option). The second centers on the decision to produce a sequel to an original film (a growth option). Few accounting studies have examined the use of real options but they are of considerable importance to companies managing risk through their cost structure and capital investment decisions. Specifically, a real option allows decision makers to postpone further expenditure commitment until a substantial portion of the uncertainty surrounding the investment has been resolved. Our evidence from the motion picture industry indicates that studios leave a portion of their marketing budget uncommitted until its spending is warranted. We also show that studios invest more in original films that they believe will lead to a sequel. Specifically, we find that studios spend higher production and marketing costs on films with sequels than those without, and that sequels generate higher returns on investment than non-sequels. Overall, our results suggest that the real options framework has applications for accounting research and practice by providing a basis for studying and understanding cost commitments in product or project-based settings.
Coping With Chemicals: Blacks, Whites, Planners, and Industrial Pollution

Abstract The environmental justice movement has focused national attention on alleged inequities in the way hazardous industrial facilities are sited and regulated, but has paid less attention to the consequences of pollution for the quality of life in industrialized areas. This article examines racial differences in how people perceive pollution, how these perceptions affect their lives, and what planners can do about inequities in exposure to industrial pollution. Interviews with over 750 low- and moderate-income households show that black households are more concerned about industrial pollution than are white households. Anxiety about pollution translates into the perception that the quality of life in communities is deteriorating. Thus, black households who are exposed to industrial hazards suffer in two ways. Compared to white households they are more exposed to health hazards, and their heightened concerns translate into a lower quality of community life. Local government planners tend to view envir.
PALS1 Specifies the Localization of Ezrin to the Apical Membrane of Gastric Parietal Cells*

The ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins provide a regulated linkage between membrane proteins and the cortical cytoskeleton and also participate in signal transduction pathways. Ezrin is localized to the apical membrane of parietal cells and couples the protein kinase A activation cascade to regulated HCl secretion in gastric parietal cells. Here, we show that the integrity of ezrin is essential for parietal cell activation and provide the first evidence that ezrin interacts with PALS1, an evolutionarily conserved PDZ and SH3 domain-containing protein. Our biochemical study verifies that ezrin binds to PALS1 via its N terminus and is co-localized with PALS1 to the apical membrane of gastric parietal cells. Furthermore, our study shows that PALS1 is essential for the apical localization of ezrin, as either suppression of PALS1 protein accumulation or deletion of the PALS1-binding domain of ezrin eliminated the apical localization of ezrin. Finally, our study demonstrates the essential role of ezrin-PALS1 interaction in the apical membrane remodeling associated with parietal cell secretion. Taken together, these results define a novel molecular mechanism linking ezrin to the conserved apical polarity complexes and their roles in polarized epithelial secretion of gastric parietal cells.
Delayed Asian Transitions to Adulthood

1Important events in the transition to adulthood are examined for young men and women in six Asian societies. Broad description of the pattern of many events is followed by a detailed consideration of event-sequences among school-leaving, home-leaving and entrance to marriage. The recent Asian experience is set against recent patterns in Western societies, and broad similarities and differences are noted. In both sets of countries there is clear evidence of significant delay in the key transitional events, many of which are being pushed into the third decade of life. Also in both regions there is evidence of a high demographic density of events in the central years of transition. The standardization of individual event distributions may not be occurring in the Asian countries examined, but there is clear evidence of individuation or a rising diversity of sequences or paths taken. Suggestions are offered regarding themes for future research on Asian adulthood transitions, in light of ongoing, market-led globalization.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Salmonella spp. ISOLATED FROM DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS (Phalacrocorax auritus) AND COMMON LOONS (Gavia immer) IN FLORIDA1

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella spp. were found in double-crested cormorants and common loons in Florida. Single or multiple drug resistance occurred in all Salmonella agona isolates from cormorants, primarily to ampicillin, sulfonamide, streptomycin, neomycin, and kanamycin. Similar patterns of resistance were found in S. agona isolates from common loons. In addition, isolates of S. saint paul from loons were found resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, while 2 of 7 isolates of S. infantis were resistant to tetracycline only.
Effects of lightning NOx production during the 21 July European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Project storm studied with a three-dimensional cloud-scale chemical transport model

[1] The 21 July 1998 thunderstorm observed during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Project (EULINOX) project was simulated using the three-dimensional Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. The simulation successfully reproduced a number of observed storm features including the splitting of the original cell into a southern cell which developed supercell characteristics and a northern cell which became multicellular. Output from the GCE simulation was used to drive an offline cloud-scale chemical transport model which calculates tracer transport and includes a parameterization of lightning NOx production which uses observed flash rates as input. Estimates of lightning NOx production were deduced by assuming various values of production per intracloud and production per cloud-to-ground flash and comparing the results with in-cloud aircraft observations. The assumption that both types of flashes produce 360 moles of NO per flash on average compared most favorably with column mass and probability distribution functions calculated from observations. This assumed production per flash corresponds to a global annual lightning NOx source of 7 Tg N yr−1. Chemical reactions were included in the model to evaluate the impact of lightning NOx on ozone. During the storm, the inclusion of lightning NOx in the model results in a small loss of ozone (on average less than 4 ppbv) at all model levels. Simulations of the chemical environment in the 24 hours following the storm show on average a small increase in the net production of ozone at most levels resulting from lightning NOx, maximizing at approximately 5 ppbv day−1 at 5.5 km. Between 8 and 10.5 km, lightning NOx causes decreased net ozone production.
Transcriptome assembly and candidate genes involved in nutritional programming in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus

Background Nutritional programming takes place in early development. Variation in the quality and/or quantity of nutrients in early development can influence long-term health and viability. However, little is known about the mechanisms of nutritional programming. The live-bearing fish Xiphophorus multilineatus has the potential to be a new model for understanding these mechanisms, given prior evidence of nutritional programming influencing behavior and juvenile growth rate. We tested the hypotheses that nutritional programming would influence behaviors involved in energy homeostasis as well gene expression in X. multilineatus. Methods We first examined the influence of both juvenile environment (varied in nutrition and density) and adult environment (varied in nutrition) on behaviors involved in energy acquisition and energy expenditure in adult male X. multilineatus. We also compared the behavioral responses across the genetically influenced size classes of males. Males stop growing at sexual maturity, and the size classes of can be identified based on phenotypes (adult size and pigment patterns). To study the molecular signatures of nutritional programming, we assembled a de novo transcriptome for X. multilineatus using RNA from brain, liver, skin, testis and gonad tissues, and used RNA-Seq to profile gene expression in the brains of males reared in low quality (reduced food, increased density) and high quality (increased food, decreased density) juvenile environments. Results We found that both the juvenile and adult environments influenced the energy intake behavior, while only the adult environment influenced energy expenditure. In addition, there were significant interactions between the genetically influenced size classes and the environments that influenced energy intake and energy expenditure, with males from one of the four size classes (Y-II) responding in the opposite direction as compared to the other males examined. When we compared the brains of males of the Y-II size class reared in a low quality juvenile environment to males from the same size class reared in high quality juvenile environment, 131 genes were differentially expressed, including metabolism and appetite master regulator agrp gene. Discussion Our study provides evidence for nutritional programming in X. multilineatus, with variation across size classes of males in how juvenile environment and adult diet influences behaviors involved in energy homeostasis. In addition, we provide the first transcriptome of X. multilineatus, and identify a group of candidate genes involved in nutritional programming.
The Pedagogy of Critical Enjoyment: Teaching and Reaching the Hearts and Minds of Adolescent Learners Through Media Literacy Education

While there is consensus regarding the definition of media literacy, classroom-based studies of media literacy education in action are few and research that investigates how teachers implement media literacy in practice are needed, including information about why it is taught, what is taught, and how it is taught. Through a purposefully selected case of media literacy at the middle level, this study analyzes three veteran teachers’ media literacy practice identifying critical enjoyment as a pioneering approach to media literacy education that moves beyond the purposes of protection, preparation, and appreciation.
Industrial relations in merger integration

The main research question in this article is how merger integrations are influenced by local industrial relations. These are explored and illuminated by combining perspectives on industrial relations and perspectives on mergers and acquisitions. The M&A field of research has been dominated by organization and management perspectives, and industrial relations are seldom brought into the studies. Studies in the field of industrial relations are mostly concerned with institutional levels. Qualitative data and analyses of four integration processes together with 108 personal interviews are presented. By focusing on industrial relations at local company levels in the integration of merging partners new insights are sought for both fields of research. Local implementations of industrial relations contribute to the explanation of integration outcomes. Merger integration implies the integration of different traditions of union and employee–management collaboration that in essence may merge the collaboration cultures into something new.
The Determination of Agricultural Wage Rates in Bangladesh

The impact of the ‘green revolution’ on wages has been a contentious issue. This paper uses the cointegration and error correction approach to identify long and short‐run relationships between prices, agricultural production and wages of agricultural labourers in Bangladesh, test for homogeneity, test for weak exogeneity with the Johansen‐Juselius methodology, test for a structural break, and estimate the long and short‐run elasticities of nominal wages with respect to rice prices. We find that agricultural wages have strong positive long run relationships with rice prices, manufacturing wages and agricultural productivity. The short run response of wages, estimated consistently with these longer run relationships, to rice prices is small, highlighting the vulnerability of the rural poor to sudden rises in rice prices, even though in the longer run nominal wages respond sufficiently to rice prices. Policy can promote growth of agriculture and manufacturing but should also mitigate the short run food insecurity of agricultural labourers.
Multiple Large Shareholder Structure and Governance: The Role of Shareholder Numbers, Contest for Control, and Formal Institutions in Chinese Family Firms

Abstract The principal–principal (PP) perspective of corporate governance shows that multiple large shareholder (MLS) structure has competing monitoring and entrenchment governance effects. We argue that the dominant effect depends on contest for control among large shareholders and the number of large shareholders involved. Using data from Chinese family listed companies from 2004 to 2007, this study shows inverse U-shaped relationships between contest for control and corporate market value, as measured by Tobin's Q, and between the number of large shareholders and corporate market value. Findings indicate that at low to medium levels of contest for control or number of large shareholders, formal institutions can strengthen MLS structure's monitoring effect and can help this effect last longer. As a whole, the findings extend the institution-based view in the context of family corporate governance by showing that formal institutions can shape the ability of MLS structure to exert governance. 摘要 公司治理领域的双委托人视角指出，多个大股东结构具有监督与堑壕两种竞争的治理效应。 本文分析认为，多个大股东结构的占优治理效应取决于大股东间的控制权竞争 程度以及大股东的个数。 基于中国家族控股上市公司2004^2007年的样本数据，本文发现控制权竞争程度与以Tobin's 度量的公司市场价值间存在一种倒U型关系，而且这种关系也存在于大股东个数与公司市场价值间。 进一歩的研究发现当控制权竞争程度或大股东个数处于低至中等水平时，正式的制度环境能够增强并延长多个大股东结构的监督效应。 简言之，本文通过阐明正式的制度环境能够塑造多个大股东结构发挥治理作用的能力，扩展了家族企业治理领域的制度基础观研究。
Do tenants pay energy efficiency rent premiums

Purpose – Using a unique data set, the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that tenants pay increased accommodation costs for space in energy efficient office property. Design/methodology/approach – The authors obtain lease contracts for office space in central Sydney, Australia. Empirical data on annual gross face rent and contract terms from each lease are combined with building characteristics and measured energy performance at the time of lease. Hedonic regression isolates the effect of energy performance on gross face rent. Findings – No significant price differentials emerged as a function of energy performance, leading to a conclusion that tenants are not willing to pay for energy efficiency. Six factors – tenancy floor level, submarket location, proximity to transit, market fixed effects, building quality specification and, surprisingly, outgoings liability – consistently explain over 85 per cent of gross face rent prices in Sydney. Research limitations/implications – Rent premiums fro.
T1 stage breast cancer: adjuvant hypofractionated conformal radiation therapy to tumor bed in selected postmenopausal breast cancer patients--pilot feasibility study.

PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of a short course of hypofractionated conformal radiation therapy to the tumor bed as part of a breast preservation protocol in postmenopausal patients with nonpalpable pT1N0 stage breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumor bed was imaged at computed tomography (CT) in the prone position on a dedicated table. The same table and position were used for treatment with a 4-MV linear accelerator. The planning target volume was the tumor bed plus a 1-2-cm margin defined at postmastectomy CT. A regimen of five fractions was tested in this pilot dose study. Cosmesis was assessed by patients and physicians before treatment and 36 months after treatment. RESULTS Ten consecutive patients who were eligible for the study were assigned to one of three dose-per-fraction regimens; nine were treatable with the proposed technique on the basis of CT findings. Patients received five fractions over 10 days (total dose range, 25-30 Gy): Three received 5.0 Gy per fraction; four, 5.5 Gy; and two, 6.0 Gy. At minimum follow-up of 36 months (range, 36-53 months), all patients were alive and disease free with good to excellent cosmesis. CONCLUSION Hypofractionated conformal breast radiation therapy is feasible. Further studies are warranted.
Plant growth, metabolism and adaptation in relation to stress conditions v. Effects of salinity on the fatty acids of germinating flax, cotton and castor bean seeds

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أثر الملوحة على محتوى الأحماض الدهنية في زيوت بذور الكتان والقطن والخروع أثناء انباتها لمدة اثنى عشر يوما . ففي البذور الثلاثة المستنبتة في الماء ، وجدت أحماض الميرستيك والبالمتيك والأولييك ، وبالإضافة إلى ذلك فقد أمكن فصل حمض اللينولييك من بذور الكتان ، وحمضي اللوريك والاستياريك من بذور الخروع النابتة . أدت المعاملة بمحاليل كلوريد الصوديوم (0.5%،1%) إلى تغيرات ملحوظة ومختلفة في محتوى الأحماض الدهنية الأساسية وذلك بالمقارنة إلى محتوى هذه الأحماض في البذور المستنبتة في الماء . فعلى حين نقص محتوى بعض الأحماض ، وجدت زيادة في محتوى البعض الآخر ، وبالإضافة إلى ذلك فقد كان اختفاء بعض الأحماض الدهنية مقرونا بظهور أحماض أخرى جديدة .
Disparities in Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment for Youth with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Analysis of a National US Medicaid Sample

Objective. To estimate the national prevalence and racial/ethnic differences in psychiatric diagnoses and pharmacologic treatment in a US Medicaid beneficiary population of youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. We included youth aged 10 to 18 years with a diagnosis of SLE (defined as ≥ 3 outpatient visit claims with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code of 710.0, each > 30 days apart) in the US Medicaid Analytic Extract database from 2006 and 2007. This database contains all inpatient and outpatient Medicaid claims from 49 states and the District of Columbia. We calculated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment, and used logistic regression to compare depression and anxiety diagnoses, antidepressant, and anxiolytic use among racial/ethnic groups. Results. Of 970 youth with SLE, 15% were white, 42% were African American, 27% were Latino, and 16% were of other races/ethnicities. Diagnoses of depression were present for 19%, anxiety for 7%, acute stress/adjustment for 6%, and other psychiatric disorders for 18%. Twenty percent were prescribed antidepressants, 7% were prescribed anxiolytics, 6% were prescribed antipsychotics, and 5% were prescribed stimulants. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely than whites to be diagnosed with depression (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.90) or anxiety (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.98), or to be prescribed anxiolytics (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.48). Conclusion. We present population-level estimates showing high psychiatric morbidity in youth with SLE, but less prevalent diagnosis and treatment in African Americans. Mental health interventions should address potential racial/ethnic disparities in care.