Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How can we improve end of life care for people with ID

Aim: Two former studies undertaken in Kent exploring the attitudes and involvement of palliative care services with ID care teams showed limited awareness of each other’s service. Specialist palliative care services were involved in the care of few people with ID and ID teams had limited contact with palliative care. Moreover both had limited understanding of each other’s roles and there was evidence of negative attitudes including ‘patronising sympathy’. Conclusions recommended the development of increased collaboration between services. This study aimed to explore the ’next step’ of how to link both types of service together so as to improve the experience of end-of-life care for people with ID. Method: Case studies of the establishment of ‘link team’ members were analyzed to explore positive and negative experiences of collaboration. Results: ‘Link team’ members proved helpful for collaboration between specialists in palliative care and ID carers, allowing care to be provided within individuals’ homes. Conclusion: Extra support and expertise available can be developed as a result of this collaborative approach, improving end of life care for people with ID.
Chinese journalists' views of user-generated content producers and journalism: a case study of the boundary work of journalism

This article examines how journalists defend their boundaries and epistemic authority in the face of the challenges from user-generated content (UGC). It investigates the issue through exploring 51 Chinese journalists’ views of UGC producers and journalism. The interviews reveal that in this case study, Chinese journalists’ commitment to their social identity as ‘people of work units’ (danwei ren), i.e. their identity is defined by the employment relationship between journalists and news organisations, forms the ground of demarcating the boundaries between journalists and UGC producers. As a result, this group of Chinese journalists reinforces their conventional journalistic norms and identity as ‘organisational men/women’ and keeps old-fashioned journalism alive. In the meantime, however, they are aware of changes in the environment within which they practice, and therefore they reflect on their work and (re-)define what journalism is in order to adapt to the changes. This case study shows that the boundary work of Chinese journalists interviewed in the study and their understanding of boundaries are contextually bound. The boundary work of journalism is not only about defence but also about adaptation. It offers a perspective for understanding both continuity and change in the transformation of Chinese journalism as well as the boundaries of journalism in general.
Antagonist of GH-releasing hormone receptors alleviates experimental ocular inflammation

Significance We have shown that the growth hormone-releasing hormone–growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GHRH–GH–IGF1) axis is involved in experimentally induced acute inflammation in the iris and ciliary body, where its activation is associated with inflammatory responses. Blocking GHRH–GH–IGF1 axis activity by the GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) antagonist is effective in alleviating inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate a novel activity of GHRH–GH–IGF1 axis signaling in ocular inflammation and suggest a potential therapeutic application of GHRH-R antagonist. Disruptions in immunity and occurrence of inflammation cause many eye diseases. The growth hormone-releasing hormone–growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GHRH–GH–IGF1) axis exerts regulatory effects on the immune system. Its involvement in ocular inflammation remains to be investigated. Here we studied this signaling in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) generated by LPS. The increase in GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) protein levels was parallel to the increase in mRNA levels of pituitary-specific transcription factor-1, GHRH-R splice variant 1, GHRH, and GH following LPS insult. Elevation of GHRH-R and GH receptor was localized on the epithelium of the iris and ciliary body, and GHRH-R was confined to the infiltrating macrophages and leukocytes in aqueous humor but not to those in stroma. Treatment with GHRH-R antagonist decreased LPS-stimulated surges of GH and IGF1 in aqueous humor and alleviated inflammation by reducing the infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Our results indicate that inflammation in the iris and ciliary body involves the activation of GHRH signaling, which affects the recruitment of immune cells and the production of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to EIU pathogenesis. Moreover, the results suggest that GHRH-R antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of acute ocular inflammation.
Brief Principles of Macroeconomics

For instructors who prefer less coverage of micro topics than is offered in Mankiw's highly acclaimed textbook Principles of Macroeconomics, Mankiw now provides an excellent resource in this briefer version. Mankiw's principles texts have received such praise as "perhaps the best ever" coverage in economic principles. It's no wonder Mankiw's prize project has quickly become one of the most successful books ever to be published in the college marketplace. The author's conversational writing style is superb for presenting the politics and science of economic theories to tomorrow's decision-makers. Because Mankiw wrote it for the students, the book stands out among all other texts by intriguing students to apply an economic way of thinking in their daily lives.
The relationship between self-directed learning and the parameters affecting adult education

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between “self-directed learning” and “the parameters affecting adult education”. The parameters studied in this paper include performance, assessment, motivation, anxiety, and academic engagement. The research has been conducted on employees of Insurance Company who attend specialized courses. The research population consists of 550 employees who work in Insurance Company and attend specialized training. The statistical sample consists of 214 people who have been selected from the population. Data have been collected through questionnaires which are related to the variables. In addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistics have been also used to analyze data. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-directed learning and academic parameters in adults including performance, assessment, motivation, anxiety, and academic engagement. Considering the results of this study, it seems that teachers and education professionals, due to being aware of self-directed learning functions and academic parameters of adults, can use their experiences in this regard to enhance learning outcomes.
Flexibility and Stability in Sensory Processing Revealed Using Visual-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution

The classical view of sensory processing involves independent processing in sensory cortices and multisensory integration in associative areas. This hierarchical structure has been challenged by evidence of multisensory responses in sensory areas, and dynamic weighting of sensory inputs in associative areas, thus far reported independently. Here, we used a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution algorithm (SSA) to manipulate the information conveyed by sensory inputs while keeping the stimuli intact. During scan sessions before and after SSA learning, subjects were presented with visual images and auditory soundscapes. The findings reveal 2 dynamic processes. First, crossmodal attenuation of sensory cortices changed direction after SSA learning from visual attenuations of the auditory cortex to auditory attenuations of the visual cortex. Secondly, associative areas changed their sensory response profile from strongest response for visual to that for auditory. The interaction between these phenomena may play an important role in multisensory processing. Consistent features were also found in the sensory dominance in sensory areas and audiovisual convergence in associative area Middle Temporal Gyrus. These 2 factors allow for both stability and a fast, dynamic tuning of the system when required.
The H.E.S.S. Survey of the Inner Galaxy in Very High Energy Gamma Rays

We report on a survey of the inner part of the Galactic plane in very high energy gamma rays with the H.E. S.S. Cerenkov telescope system. The Galactic plane between ±30° in longitude and ±3° in latitude relative to the Galactic center was observed in 500 pointings for a total of 230 hr, reaching an average flux sensitivity of 2% of the Crab Nebula at energies above 200 GeV. Fourteen previously unknown sources were detected at a significance level greater than 4 σ after accounting for all trials involved in the search. Initial results on the eight most significant of these sources were already reported elsewhere (Aharonian and coworkers). Here we present detailed spectral and morphological information for all the new sources, along with a discussion on possible counterparts in other wavelength bands. The distribution in Galactic latitude of the detected sources appears to be consistent with a scale height in the Galactic disk for the parent population smaller than 100 pc, consistent with expectations for supernova remnants and/or pulsar wind nebulae.
Comparative Measures of Naivet é

We propose nonparametric definitions of absolute and comparative naivete. These definitions leverage both ex-ante choice of menu to identify individuals' projections of their future behavior and ex-post choice from menus to identify their actual behavior. Their main advantage is their independence from any assumed functional form for the utility function representing behavior. An individual is sophisticated if she is indifferent between choosing from a menu ex post or committing to the actual choice from that menu ex ante. She is naive if she prefers the flexibility in the menu, reflecting a mistaken belief that she will act more virtuously than she actually will. One individual is more naive than another if she is both more optimistic about her future behavior while actually being less virtuous. In the case of Strotzian preferences, absolute naivete implies that beliefs are a convex combination of virtuous and temptation utility, while comparative naivete implies that the more naive individual's beliefs puts more weight than a more sophisticated individual on her virtuous utility, while her actual behavior puts more weight on the temptation utility. In different specifications of the underlying Strotzian preferences, such as quasi-hyperbolic discounting, the definitions impose further intuitive restrictions, such as inequalities on believed and actual present-bias factors. We propose suitable definitions for random choice. Finally, we discuss the implications of naivete for welfare and the design of commitment devices.
Human retinal Müller cells synthesize collagens of the vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in vitro

Purpose To investigate the capacity of cultured Müller cells to synthesize collagens, since previous studies indicated that Müller cells could be involved in collagen remodeling at the vitreoretinal border in adult human eyes. Methods Spontaneously immortalized cultured human Müller cells were analyzed for the presence of mRNA of types I-VII, IX, XI, and XVII collagen by RT–PCR. Furthermore, Müller cells were immunocytochemically stained for light microscopic (LM) evaluation of these collagens and their main characteristics. Finally, cell extracts and culture medium were evaluated by western blot (WB) analysis using anticollagen antibodies. Results Cultured Müller cells contained mRNA for types I-VII, IX, and XI collagen, but not for type XVII collagen. LM and WB confirmed the intracellular expression of all the above-mentioned collagens with the exception of type XVII. Collagen secretion into the medium was established for types I-VII, IX, and XI collagen. Conclusions Cultured Müller cells can synthesize internal limiting lamina and vitreous collagens. Possible collagen production by Müller cells could explain and expand on previous in vivo morphological findings in the embryonic and postnatal period and in pathologic conditions.
A hybrid evolutionary programming method for circuit optimization

A hybrid evolutionary programming (EP) method is presented for global optimization of complex circuits. The conventional EP is integrated with a clustering algorithm to improve the robustness of the algorithm for complex multimodal circuit optimization problems. The EP generates populations around the regions of the search space which can potentially contain a minimum but may be overlooked. The clustering algorithm is used to identify these regions dynamically. In order to improve the speed of optimization, the EP is combined with a gradient-based search method in an efficient fashion. The local search is performed from the center of each identified cluster in order to find the minimum in the region very fast. The hybrid algorithm can also reduce the search space by avoiding the search in the areas that were previously investigated. This feature greatly improves the speed of optimization and prevents the premature convergence as well. The algorithm performed very well in several benchmark problems including a test function minimization and global optimization of a complex RF diplexer circuit.
Diffusion maps for high-dimensional single-cell analysis of differentiation data

MOTIVATION Single-cell technologies have recently gained popularity in cellular differentiation studies regarding their ability to resolve potential heterogeneities in cell populations. Analyzing such high-dimensional single-cell data has its own statistical and computational challenges. Popular multivariate approaches are based on data normalization, followed by dimension reduction and clustering to identify subgroups. However, in the case of cellular differentiation, we would not expect clear clusters to be present but instead expect the cells to follow continuous branching lineages. RESULTS Here, we propose the use of diffusion maps to deal with the problem of defining differentiation trajectories. We adapt this method to single-cell data by adequate choice of kernel width and inclusion of uncertainties or missing measurement values, which enables the establishment of a pseudotemporal ordering of single cells in a high-dimensional gene expression space. We expect this output to reflect cell differentiation trajectories, where the data originates from intrinsic diffusion-like dynamics. Starting from a pluripotent stage, cells move smoothly within the transcriptional landscape towards more differentiated states with some stochasticity along their path. We demonstrate the robustness of our method with respect to extrinsic noise (e.g. measurement noise) and sampling density heterogeneities on simulated toy data as well as two single-cell quantitative polymerase chain reaction datasets (i.e. mouse haematopoietic stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells) and an RNA-Seq data of human pre-implantation embryos. We show that diffusion maps perform considerably better than Principal Component Analysis and are advantageous over other techniques for non-linear dimension reduction such as t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding for preserving the global structures and pseudotemporal ordering of cells. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The Matlab implementation of diffusion maps for single-cell data is available at https://www.helmholtz-muenchen.de/icb/single-cell-diffusion-map. CONTACT fbuettner.phys@gmail.com, fabian.theis@helmholtz-muenchen.de SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification

Introduction 1. Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts 2. Dangerous Confusion? Response to Ronald Dworkin 3. Freedom of Illocution? Response to Daniel Jacobson 4. Pornography's Authority? Response to Leslie Green 5. Pornography's Divine Command? Response to Judith Butler 6. Whose Right? Ronald Dworkin, Women, and Pornographers 7. Equality and Moralism: Response to Ronald Dworkin 8. Scorekeeping in a Pornographic Language Game 9. Duty and Desolation 10. Autonomy - Denial in Objectification 11. Projection and Objectification 12. Feminism in Epistemology: Exclusion and Objectification 13. Speaker's Freedom and Maker's Knowledge 14. Sexual Solipsism 15. Love and Solipsism Bibliography
On Tight Approximate Inference of the Logistic-Normal Topic Admixture Model

The Logistic-Normal Topic Admixture Model (LoNTAM), also known as correlated topic model (Blei and Lafferty, 2005), is a promising and expressive admixture-based text model. It can capture topic correlations via the use of a logistic-normal distribution to model non-trivial variabilities in the topic mixing vectors underlying documents. However, the non-conjugacy caused by the logistic-normal makes posterior inference and model learning significantly more challenging. In this paper, we present a new, tight approximate inference algorithm for LoNTAM based on a multivariate quadratic Taylor approximation scheme that facilitates elegant closed-form message passing. We present experimental results on simulated data as well as on the NIPS17 and PNAS document collections, and show that our approach is not only simple and easy to implement, but also it converges faster, and leads to more accurate recovery of the semantic truth underlying documents and estimates of the parameters comparing to previous methods.
Winning with words : the origins and impact of political framing

1. Introduction, by Brian F. Schaffner and Patrick J. Sellers Part One: Origins 2. Framing and Value Recruitment in the Debate over Teaching Evolution, by Thomas E. Nelson, Dana E. Wittmer, and Allyson P. Shortle 3. Partisan Framing in Legislative Debates, by Douglas B. Harris 4. Building a Framing Campaign: Interest Groups and the Debate on Partial-birth Abortion, by Jessica C. Gerrity 5. Mobilizing to Frame Election Campaigns, by Taylor Ansley and Patrick J. Sellers Part Two: Impact 6. Competing Frames in a Political Campaign, by James N. Druckman 7. Taxing Death or Estates? When Frames Influences Citizens' Issue Beliefs, by Brian F. Schaffner and Mary Layton Atkinson 8. Great Communicators? The Influence of Presidential and Congressional Issue Framing on Party Identification, by Michael W. Wagner 9. The Decline of the Death Penalty: How Media Framing Changed Capital Punishment in America, by Frank R. Baumgartner, Suzanna Linn, and Amber Boydstun 10. Framing Research: The Next Steps, by Shanto Iyengar
NREM Sleep Oscillations and Brain Plasticity in Aging

The human electroencephalogram (EEG) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) is characterized mainly by high-amplitude (>75 μV), slow-frequency (<4 Hz) waves (slow waves), and sleep spindles (∼11–15 Hz; >0.25 s). These NREM oscillations play a crucial role in brain plasticity, and importantly, NREM sleep oscillations change considerably with aging. This review discusses the association between NREM sleep oscillations and cerebral plasticity as well as the functional impact of age-related changes on NREM sleep oscillations. We propose that age-related reduction in sleep-dependent memory consolidation may be due in part to changes in NREM sleep oscillations.
A Comparison of Four Algorithms for Estimating 3-D Rigid Transformations

A common need in machine vision is to compute the 3-D rigid transformation that exists between two sets of points for which corresponding pairs have been determined. In this paper a comparative analysis of four popular and efficient algorithms is given. Each computes the translational and rotational components of the transform in closed-form as the solution to a least squares formulation of the problem. They differ in terms of the representation of the transform and the method of solution, using respectively: singular value decomposition of a matrix, orthonormal matrices, unit quaternions and dual quaternions. This comparison presents results of several experiments designed to determine the (1) accuracy in the presence of noise, (2) stability with respect to degenerate data sets, and (3) relative computation time of each approach.
Geometric Complexity Theory II: Towards Explicit Obstructions for Embeddings among Class Varieties

In [K. D. Mulmuley and M. Sohoni, SIAM J. Comput. , 31 (2001), pp. 496-526], henceforth referred to as Part I, we suggested an approach to the $P$ vs. $NP$ and related lower bound problems in complexity theory through geometric invariant theory. In particular, it reduces the arithmetic (characteristic zero) version of the $NP \not \subseteq P$ conjecture to the problem of showing that a variety associated with the complexity class $NP$ cannot be embedded in a variety associated with the complexity class $P$. We shall call these class varieties associated with the complexity classes $P$ and $NP$. This paper develops this approach further, reducing these lower bound problems—which are all nonexistence problems—to some existence problems: specifically to proving the existence of obstructions to such embeddings among class varieties. It gives two results towards explicit construction of such obstructions. The first result is a generalization of the Borel-Weil theorem to a class of orbit closures, which include class varieties. The second result is a weaker form of a conjectured analogue of the second fundamental theorem of invariant theory for the class variety associated with the complexity class $NC$. These results indicate that the fundamental lower bound problems in complexity theory are, in turn, intimately linked with explicit construction problems in algebraic geometry and representation theory. The results here were announced in [K. D. Mulmuley and M. Sohoni, in Advances in Algebra and Geometry (Hyderabad, $2001$), Hindustan Book Agency, New Delhi, India, 2003, pp. 239-261].
Research on a New Indirect Space-Vector Overmodulation Strategy in Matrix Converter

The traditional space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) maximum voltage transfer ratio (VTR, i.e., the ratio of the output voltage fundamental amplitude to the input voltage fundamental amplitude) is 0.866 in a linear modulation region. In this paper, the output voltage fundamental amplitude and total harmonic distortion (THD) affected by a basic vector and a hexagon vector in traditional indirect SVPWM overmodulation are analyzed. The traditional indirect SVPWM overmodulation usually focuses on the inverter stage to improve the VTR, and there are few methods considering both of the inverter and rectifier stages to improve the overmodulation performance of a matrix converter (MC), including output voltage error, and output and input current THDs. In this paper, a new overmodulation method based on indirect SVPWM is presented. Both the output performance and input performance of the MC with the proposed and traditional overmodulation methods are emulated and tested. Simulation results indicate that the output voltage error and the input current THD are smaller and lower, respectively, with the proposed method. Experimental results verify that theoretical analysis is right, and the proposed overmodulation method is feasible.