Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and use of a partial Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis protein array

As an initial step toward systematically characterizing all antigenic proteins produced by a significant veterinary pathogen, 43 recombinant Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) expression clones were constructed, cataloged, and stored. NC filters were spotted with purified proteins from each clone along with a whole cell lysate of M. paratuberculosis. Spots on the resulting dot array consisted of hypothetical proteins (13), metabolic proteins (3), cell envelope proteins (7), known antigens (4), and unique proteins with no similarity in public sequence databases (16). Dot blot arrays were used to profile antibody responses in a rabbit and mouse exposed to M. paratuberculosis as well as in cattle showing clinical signs of Johne's disease. The M. paratuberculosis heat shock protein DnaK, encoded by ORF MAP3840 and a membrane protein (MAP2121c), were identified as the most strongly immunoreactive in both the mouse and rabbit hosts, respectively. MAP3155c, which encodes a hypothetical protein, was most strongly immunoreactive in sera from Johne's disease cattle. This study has enabled direct comparisons of antibody reactivity for an entire panel of over 40 proteins and has laid the foundation for future high throughput production and arraying of M. paratuberculosis surface proteins for immune profiling experiments in cattle.
Consumer Socialization and the Role of Branding in Hazardous Adolescent Drinking

This study examines the relationship between alcohol marketing and consumer socialization to alcohol brands (assessed here using aided and unaided brand recognition and brand saliency), and the associated relationship between consumer socialization and hazardous alcohol consumption among a cohort of adolescents surveyed in Scotland. The research addresses gaps in the consumer socialization literature, by examining how marketing influences brand consumer socialization, and how brand consumer socialization influences subsequent hazardous consumption behavior over time, using a robust longitudinal design that assesses causal relationships while controlling for a wide range of important confounding variables. The results demonstrate the contribution of marketing to adolescents’ brand socialization to alcohol and the impact of this socialization on subsequent drinking behaviors. Implications for marketing managers, parents, policymakers, and consumer researchers are discussed, together with suggestions for future consumer research.
The Effect of Mood on Opposite-Sex Judgments of Males' Commitment and Females' Sexual Intent

Gender differences in perceptions of sexual intent and commitment have been the subject of formal and informal inquiry for considerable time. One evolutionary theory, Error Management Theory (EMT), predicts that opposite-sex perceptions of female sexual intent and male commitment intent reflect intrinsic biases that minimize gender-specific evolutionary costs. The results supporting these hypotheses were obtained from subjects regardless of mood. We hypothesized that mood would influence ratings of sexual and commitment intent. Sixty participants (30 males, 30 females) were recruited and exposed to a positive and negative mood condition in counterbalanced groups using video stimuli. Preliminary analyses found an unexpected effect of order of mood induction, necessitating separate analyses of the Positive-Negative (PN) and Negative-Positive (NP) groups. Contrary to the original study, there were no gender effects. Positive moods led to increased ratings of both sexual and commitment intent across genders. Further, negative to positive mood-change was associated with significantly increased ratings. Both males and females attributed significantly higher sexual intent to same-sex rivals than themselves, but only males assessed themselves as having significantly higher commitment intent than same-sex rivals. The EMT model may require adaptation to acknowledge effects of variables such as mood on its predictions of gender-specific biases.
Optimal dynamic program for r-domination problems over tree decompositions

There has been recent progress in showing that the exponential dependence on treewidth in dynamic programming algorithms for solving NP-hard problems are optimal under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). We extend this work to $r$-domination problems. In $r$-dominating set, one wished to find a minimum subset $S$ of vertices such that every vertex of $G$ is within $r$ hops of some vertex in $S$. In connected $r$-dominating set, one additionally requires that the set induces a connected subgraph of $G$. We give a $O((2r+1)^{\mathrm{tw}} n)$ time algorithm for $r$-dominating set and a $O((2r+2)^{\mathrm{tw}} n^{O(1)})$ time algorithm for connected $r$-dominating set in $n$-vertex graphs of treewidth $\mathrm{tw}$. We show that the running time dependence on $r$ and $\mathrm{tw}$ is the best possible under SETH. This adds to earlier observations that a "+1" in the denominator is required for connectivity constraints.
Muscle Afferent Receptors Engaged in Augmented Sympathetic Responsiveness in Peripheral Artery Disease

The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is a neural control mechanism responsible for the cardiovascular responses to exercise. As exercise is initiated, thin fiber muscle afferent nerves are activated by mechanical and metabolic stimuli arising in the contracting muscles. This leads to reflex increases in arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate primarily through activation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Studies of humans and animals have indicated that the EPR is exaggerated in a number of cardiovascular diseases. For the last several years, studies have specifically employed a rodent model to examine the mechanisms at receptor and cellular levels by which responses of SNA and BP to static exercise are heightened in peripheral artery disease (PAD), one of the most common cardiovascular disorders. A rat model of this disease has well been established. Specifically, femoral artery occlusion is used to study intermittent claudication that is observed in human PAD. The receptors on thin fiber muscle afferents that are engaged in this disease include transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), purinergic P2X, and acid sensing ion channel (ASIC). The role played by nerve growth factor in regulating those sensory receptors in the processing of amplified EPR was also investigated. The purpose of this review is to focus on a theme namely that PAD accentuates autonomic reflex responses to exercise and further address regulatory mechanisms leading to abnormal sympathetic responsiveness. This review will present some of recent results in regard with several receptors in muscle sensory neurons in contribution to augmented autonomic reflex responses in PAD. Review of the findings from recent studies would lead to a better understanding in integrated processing of sympathetic nervous system in PAD.
Bitext Dependency Parsing with Bilingual Subtree Constraints

This paper proposes a dependency parsing method that uses bilingual constraints to improve the accuracy of parsing bilingual texts (bitexts). In our method, a target-side tree fragment that corresponds to a source-side tree fragment is identified via word alignment and mapping rules that are automatically learned. Then it is verified by checking the subtree list that is collected from large scale automatically parsed data on the target side. Our method, thus, requires gold standard trees only on the source side of a bilingual corpus in the training phase, unlike the joint parsing model, which requires gold standard trees on the both sides. Compared to the reordering constraint model, which requires the same training data as ours, our method achieved higher accuracy because of richer bilingual constraints. Experiments on the translated portion of the Chinese Treebank show that our system outperforms monolingual parsers by 2.93 points for Chinese and 1.64 points for English.
Reliability and validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Objectives: To assess the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of daily physical activity measures during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Design: Observational study. Setting: Two inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation centres. Subjects: Participants (n = 106) were recruited from consecutive admissions to rehabilitation. Methods: Physical activity during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation stay was recorded on two days via (1) wrist accelerometer, (2) hip accelerometer if ambulatory, and (3) self-report (Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury questionnaire). Spearman’s correlations and Bland–Altman plots were utilized for test–retest reliability. Correlations between physical activity measures and clinical measures (functional independence, hand function, and ambulation) were performed. Results: Correlations for physical activity measures between Day 1 and Day 2 were moderate to high (ρ = 0.53–0.89). Bland–Altman plots showed minimal bias and more within-subject differences in more active individuals and wide limits of agreement. None of these three physical activity measures correlated with one another. A moderate correlation was found between wrist accelerometry counts and grip strength (ρ = 0.58) and between step counts and measures of ambulation (ρ = 0.62). Functional independence was related to wrist accelerometry (ρ = 0.70) and step counts (ρ = 0.56), but not with self-report. Conclusion: The test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the instrumented measures suggest that wrist and hip accelerometers are appropriate tools for use in research studies of daily physical activity in the spinal cord injury rehabilitation setting but are too variable for individual use.
International graduate students' perceptions of their academic experience

This study used a mailed questionnaire to examine the academic experiences of 497 international graduate students who were studying at an American university. Most students viewed their academic experience positively, although a majority did not believe the curriculum had an international focus. Fully 77% felt prepared to work in their home country following graduation, but only 32% planned to return home immediately after completing their degrees. Significant predictors of post-graduation plans included home region, field of study, and perceived preparedness to work at home and in the USA.
Needs of Chinese Parents of Children with Developmental Disability

Parenting children with developmental disability requires specialized caring skills and knowledge. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of Chinese parents in caring for these children. The focus group research approach was adopted. Twenty-three parents of children hospitalized with developmental disability from a Maternal and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China participated in four focus group interviews. Validity of interpretation was ascertained. Inter-coder reliability was established with inter-coder agreement at 0.77. Data were fully transcribed, coded and analysed by content analysis. Eventually, five categories of needs were identified: parental, informational, attitude towards the child, coping and support. Parents needed to be equipped with practical parenting skills and information on developmental disability, and they needed to have realistic expectations for the child. They also needed professional support to cope with caring tasks and activities. Education is recommended as a fundamental strategy to enhance parents’ caring competency.
Impact of Disclosure and Corporate Governance on the Association Between Fair Value Gains and Losses and Stock Returns in the Commercial Banking Industry

An effective risk management process enables a bank‘s management to measure and monitor risk, generate credible data, use sophisticated tools and provide fair value estimates, potentially of higher quality. Although the actual risk management process is unobservable to outsiders, disclosure relating to the risk management activities and corporate governance that monitors it reveals its effectiveness to the market participants. Using the association between stock returns and fair value gains and losses (FVGL) as a measure of the quality of the fair value estimates, this paper investigates whether the FVGL-returns association is a function of disclosure and corporate governance for a sample of 180 US commercial banks for the period 2003-2005. I find that disclosure has a positive effect on the FVGL-returns association. The effect of corporate governance is more subtle and indirect through the medium of disclosure. Analysis by type of risk shows that the impact of disclosing modeling of interest rate risk, credit risk and derivatives risk on the FVGL-returns association is increasing in the bank‘s exposure to these risks. Overall, evidence suggests that disclosure aids market participants directly, whereas corporate governance aids market participants indirectly (via disclosures) in evaluating the quality of fair value estimates.
Enhanced production of IL-1beta and IL-6 following endotoxin challenge in rats with dietary magnesium deficiency.

Serum IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha were not detected in control and Mg-deficient rats. These three cytokine levels in serum were increased after endotoxin challenge (1 mg/kg., i.p.), and the increase of IL-1beta and IL-6, but not TNFalpha, was significantly larger in Mg-deficient rats than in controls. Levels of mRNA for IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha in alveolar macrophages showed a tendency to decrease during Mg deficiency, but the levels of IL-1beta and TNFalpha mRNAs after endotoxin challenge were higher in Mg-deficient rats than in controls. These results suggest that the increased synthesis of cytokines by alveolar macrophages might contribute, in part, to high sensitivity to endotoxin during Mg deficiency.
Accommodating to English-medium instruction in teacher education in Finland

This study analyses teacher educators' and student teachers' perceptions of teaching and learning situations in an international English as a lingua franca (ELF) context in an English-medium instruction (EMI) teacher education programme in Finland. The analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed that the participants perceived a partial reversal of traditional teacher and student roles; students assisted voluntarily and teaching became reciprocal. Some teachers reflected on having used typical strategies in ELF context, such as code-switching, to further communication and engage students. However, teachers' lack of fluency was sometimes considered causing frustration among students and affected negatively their feeling of being professional teacher educators. Nevertheless, by increasing more learner-led activities, ELF can positively affect teacher education pedagogy. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan opettajankouluttajien ja opettajaksi opiskelevien kasityksia opetuksesta ja opiskelusta kansainvalisessa englanninkielisessa opettajankoulutuksessa Suomessa. Opettajien ja opiskelijoiden teemahaastatteluista ilmeni, etta perinteisten opettaja- ja opiskelijaroolien havaittiin vaihtuneen osittain painvastaisiksi opetuksessa, jossa kielena oli lingua franca -englanti (ELF); opiskelijat tarjosivat apuaan oma-aloitteisesti, ja opetuksesta tuli tavanomaista vastavuoroisempaa. Jotkut opettajat kertoivat kayttaneensa tyypillisia ELF-kontekstin strategioita, kuten koodinvaihtoa, lisatakseen kommunikaatiota ja opiskelijoiden osallistumista. Opiskelijat kokivat joskus turhautumista opettajankouluttajan kielellisen sujuvuuden puutteen vuoksi. Opettajankouluttajat puolestaan kokivat kielellisen sujuvuuden puutteen heikentavan ammatillisuuttaan. Opiskelijakeskeisia tyotapoja lisaamalla ELF voi kuitenkin vaikuttaa myonteisesti opettajankoulutukseen.
Spirituality in Supervision

As an important component of counselor education and development, supervision is a likely teaching and learning opportunity to address spirituality in counseling. The author examines ways in which spiritual and religious issues might be presented in supervision, using the focus areas of the Discrimination Model (J. M. Bernard, 1997), namely intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills.
Selection of Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Variants That Discriminate between the Cellular Receptors TEM8 and CMG2 and Achieve Targeting of Tumor Cells*

Anthrax toxin, a three-component protein toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis, assembles into toxic complexes at the surface of receptor-bearing eukaryotic cells. The protective antigen (PA) protein binds to receptors, either tumor endothelial cell marker 8 (TEM8) or CMG2 (capillary morphogenesis protein 2), and orchestrates the delivery of the lethal and edema factors into the cytosol. TEM8 is reported to be overexpressed during tumor angiogenesis, whereas CMG2 is more widely expressed in normal tissues. To extend prior work on targeting of tumor with modified anthrax toxins, we used phage display to select PA variants that preferentially bind to TEM8 as compared with CMG2. Substitutions were randomly introduced into residues 605–729 of PA, within the C-terminal domain 4 of PA, which is the principal region that contacts receptor. Candidates were characterized in cellular cytotoxicity assays with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing either TEM8 or CMG2. A PA mutant having the substitutions R659S and M662R had enhanced specificity toward TEM8-overexpressing CHO cells. This PA variant also displayed broad and potent tumoricidal activity to various human tumor cells, especially to HeLa and A549/ATCC cells. By contrast, the substitution N657Q significantly reduced toxicity to TEM8 but not CMG2-overexpressing CHO cells. Our results indicate that certain amino acid substitutions within PA domain 4 create anthrax toxins that selectively kill human tumor cells. The PA R659S/M662R protein may be useful as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Intergrating ERP Across the Curriculum: A Phased, Three-Tiered Approach

The authors propose a phased, three-tiered approach for incorporating enterprise system software into the curriculum. The courses in each tier have different objectives and requirements. By phasing in the tiers over time, maximum student exposure and minimal course disruption is achieved. The authors illustrate this approach by discussing the on-going implementation of SAP R/3 into the curriculum at one university.
Does the Modality Effect in Multimedia Learning Appear only with Text Containing Spatial Information

Abstract.The current study tested the assumption that the modality effect in multimedia learning only appears when the text conveys spatial rather than non-spatial information. This assumption is based on findings from working memory research suggesting that the processing of spatial text contents and the execution of eye movements during reading may interfere with each other in visuo-spatial working memory. To test this hypothesis, 80 students were randomly assigned to four groups, resulting from a 2 × 2 design with text modality (spoken vs. written text) and text contents (visual vs. spatial) as between-subject factors. Learning outcomes were measured by means of text and picture recognition. Eye movements were recorded during learning. The results did not confirm the expected interaction between text content and text modality. In addition, the main effect of text modality effect was limited to picture recognition but did not appear for text recognition. This modality effect was mediated by the amount o.
Techniques and Technology in Secondary School Mathematics

HE TERM &dquo;TECHNOLOGY&dquo; generally brings to mind the tangible products of scientific research such as answering machines and voice mail equipment, video equipment, calculators, computers, and satellites. The term should also bring to mind the new ways we work and play. Think about &dquo;technique&dquo; when you hear the term &dquo;technology. &dquo; Think of how the techniques of the activities you engage in have changed because of the products of technology we use. As edu-
Treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma: efficacy and safety of trabectedin, a multitarget agent, and update on other systemic therapeutic options

ABSTRACT Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare mesenchymal cancers. Despite optimal management, nearly 50% of patients with localized disease will develop recurrence. The outcome for patients with metastatic STS is poor. There are few systemic treatment options available in this setting. Doxorubicin, with or without ifosfamide, is considered standard first line therapy. We herein review the evidence for the use of trabectedin in adult advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Some clinical trials have confirmed the activity of trabectedin as an effective and tolerable option for adult patients previously treated with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Trabectedin was approved in the European Union and other countries based on the results of a randomized phase II trial involving patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma receiving one of two different schedules of trabectedin. Recently a multicentre phase III trial randomized liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma patients to receive either trabectedin or dacarbazine, demonstrating a significantly improved progression-free survival for patients treated with trabectedin compared to dacarbazine.
The What, Why, When, and How of Teaching the Science of Subjective Well-Being

The field of subjective well-being (SWB), or happiness, has become a thriving area of science, with over 10,000 publications per year on the topic in recent years. Discoveries about the causes and processes involved in SWB range widely, from culture to biology to circumstances, providing instructors an opportunity to draw broadly on concepts from psychology. New research shows that high SWB not only feels good but is also good for one’s health and social relationships. In addition to providing a platform for discussions about what constitutes a life well-lived, teaching about SWB is an excellent opportunity to emphasize scientific research and to dispel misconceptions. Besides traditional lectures, the area offers opportunities for learning exercises and self-exploration.
Examining the Factor Structure of the MLQ: Recommendation for a Reduced Set of Factors.

Abstract. Over the last decade, the research dealing with transformational leadership put the emphasis on a more differentiated model of leadership. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) assesses nine leadership facets. The instrument, though, is often criticized as the five transformational facets cannot be empirically distinguished and Contingent Reward - a transactional aspect - shows high correlations with the transformational scales. This study investigates the underlying factor structure of the MLQ 5X Short. Based on the fact that the proposed structure does not show a good model fit, a parallel analysis was conducted in order to determine the number of factors to retain. Results suggest that three factors should be extracted. Subsequently, a three-factor solution is extracted from a second sample, and tested on a third. The examination of the augmentation effect shows that, although nearly two thirds of the items were omitted, only 14% of variance explained in the MLQ Success criterion is .