Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in Preclinical Safety Biomarkers

The measurement of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is the most recent effort to identify novel biomarkers in preclinical safety. These genomic markers often display tissue-specific expression, may be released from the tissues into the plasma during toxic events, change early and with high magnitude in tissues and in the blood during specific organ toxicities, and can be measured using multiplex formats. Their validation as biomarkers has been challenged by the technical difficulties. In particular, the concentration of miRNAs in the plasma depends on contamination by miRNAs originating from blood cells and platelets, and the relative fraction of miRNAs in complexes with Argonaute 2, high-density lipoproteins, and in exosomes and microvesicles. In spite of these hurdles, considerable progress has recently been made in assessing the potential value of miRNAs in the clinic, especially in cancer patients and cardiovascular diseases. The future of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of disease and organ toxicity depends on our ability to characterize their kinetics and to establish robust collection and measurement methods. This review covers the basic biology of miRNAs and the published literature on the use of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of specific target organ toxicity.
Distortional Buckling of I-Beams by Finite Element Method

Distortional buckling, unlike the usual lateral-torsional buckling in which the cross-section remains rigid in its own plane, involves distortion of web in the cross-section. This type of buckling typically occurs in beams with slender web and stocky flanges. Most of the published studies assume the web to deform with a cubic shape function. As this assumption may limit the accuracy of the results, a fifth order polynomial is chosen here for the web displacements. The general line-type finite element model used here has two nodes and a maximum of twelve degrees of freedom per node. The model not only can predict the correct coupled mode but also is capable of handling the local buckling of the web.
COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BARBARY MACAQUE ( MACACA SYLVANUS )

Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, 186 Moo 1, Maung District, Surin 32000, Thailand Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lavrentev Str. 8/2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Department of Genetics and Cytology, State University, Biological Faculty, Yerevan, Armenia Serengeti-Park Hodenhagen, Am Safaripark 1, D-29693 Hodenhagen, Germany Thüringer Zoopark Erfurt, Am Zoopark 1, D-99087 Erfurt, Germany
Platinum-etoposide chemotherapy in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer: results of a randomized multicenter phase II study assessing attenuated-dose or full-dose with lenograstim prophylaxis--a Forza Operativa Nazionale Italiana Carcinoma Polmonare and Gruppo Studio Tumori Polmonari Veneto 

PURPOSE Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is increasingly diagnosed in elderly patients, who are at higher risk of treatment-related morbidity and mortality. We conducted a randomized two-stage phase II study to assess the therapeutic index of two different platinum/etoposide regimens, attenuated-dose (AD) and full-dose (FD) plus prophylactic lenograstim. PATIENTS AND METHODS SCLC patients older than 70 years were randomized to receive four courses of cisplatin 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2, and etoposide 60 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, and 3 every 3 weeks (AD); or cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2, and etoposide 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, and 3 every 3 weeks, plus lenograstim 5 mg/kg days 5 through 12, every 3 weeks (FD). A combined primary end point named therapeutic success (TS), which took into account activity, toxicity, and compliance, was used. RESULTS Ninety-five patients were enrolled. Seventy-five percent and 72% of the patients in the AD and FD arms, respectively, completed the treatment as per protocol. Response rate was 39% and 69% in the AD and FD arms, respectively, and 1-year survival probability was 18% and 39%, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated in both groups, with no grade 3 to 4 myelotoxicity in the AD arm, and 12% myelotoxicity in the FD arm. Overall, the observed TSs were 10 (36%) of 28 patients and 42 (63%) of 67 patients for AD and FD treatments, respectively. CONCLUSION In elderly patients with SCLC a full-dose cisplatin/etoposide regimen combined with prophylactic lenograstim is active and feasible, while attenuated doses of the same regimen are associated with a poor therapeutic outcome.
Infant feeding. The physiological basis.

A mother's nutritional status during pregnancy has important implications for both her own health and her ability to produce and breast-feed a healthy infant. Knowledge about adequate maternal nutrition during pregnancy is incomplete, however, and there is still considerable debate about the level of extra energy needed by a pregnant woman. A woman's usual nutritional requirements increase during pregnancy to meet her needs and those of the growing fetus. Additional energy is needed because of increased basal metabolism, the greater cost of physical activity, and the normal accumulation of fat as the energy reserve. The protein, vitamin and mineral requirements of the mother also increase during pregnancy, but the precise amounts for the last two are still a matter for discussion. A woman's weight increments during pregnancy vary between privileged and underprivileged communities. In addition to calcium, phosphorus and iron, a mother provides considerable amounts of protein and fat for fetal growth. Placental metabolism and placental blood flow, which are interrelated, are the most critical factors for fetal development.The nutritional requirements of healthy newborns vary widely according to their weight, gestational age, rate of growth, as well as environmental factors. However, recommendations for some components may be derived from the average composition of early human milk and the amounts consumed by healthy, mature newborns who are following a normal postpartum clinical course. The water requirements of infants are related to their caloric consumption, activity, rate of growth, and the ambient temperature. A postnatal weight loss of 5-8% of body weight is usual during the first few days of life in mature newborn infants; in contrast, infants who experienced intrauterine malnutrition lose little or no weight at all.The dynamic process of mother-newborn interaction from the first hours of life is intimately related to successful early breast-feeding. If this process is delayed, however, it may take longer and may be more difficult to achieve. Close mother-infant contact immediately after birth also helps infants to adapt to their new unsterile environment. Because drugs can interfere with bonding and breast-feeding, such substances should be given only when necessary and their effects should be evaluated. In general, young infants, especially newborns, have very irregular feeding intervals. It is advisable for numerous reasons to feed them whenever they indicate a need.
Ariadne: A Minimal Approach to State Continuity

Protected-module architectures such as Intel SGX provide strong isolation guarantees to sensitive parts of applications while the system is up and running. Unfortunately systems in practice crash, go down for reboots or lose power at unexpected moments in time. To deal with such events, additional security measures need to be taken to guarantee that stateful modules will either recover their state from the last stored state, or fail-stop on detection of tampering with that state. More specifically, protected-module architectures need to provide a security primitive that guarantees that (1) attackers cannot present a stale state as being fresh (i.e. rollback protection), (2) once a module accepted a specific input, it will continue execution on that input or never advance, and (3) an unexpected loss of power must never leave the system in a state from which it can never resume execution (i.e. liveness guarantee). We propose Ariadne, a solution to the state-continuity problem that achieves the theoretical lower limit of requiring only a single bit flip of non-volatile memory per state update. Ariadne can be easily adapted to the platform at hand. In low-end devices where non-volatile memory may wear out quickly and the bill of materials (BOM) needs to be minimized, Ariadne can take optimal use of non-volatile memory. On SGX-enabled processors, Ariadne can be readily deployed to protect stateful modules (e.g., as used by Haven and VC3).
Detection of a Sea Surface Salinity Gradient Using Data Sets of Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radiometer HUT-2-D and a GNSS-R Instrument

L-band radiometry is widely considered the best technique for Earth observing satellites to measure sea surface salinity (SSS). Interferometric aperture synthesis is a new technology applicable in spaceborne remote sensing at low frequencies. The challenge of the technology comes with decreased radiometric resolution and complexity in calibration compared to conventional radiometer systems. Due to these issues and the overall newness of the concept, validation of the technology for salinity retrieval purposes is desired. In this paper, we describe an intense measurement campaign carried out with the complete interferometric aperture synthesis radiometer system HUT-2-D, designed and operated by the Helsinki University of Technology. The campaign aimed at the detection of a changing salinity level in the Baltic Sea, in the coastal areas of Finland. We describe the campaign comprising details of the ground truth collection, sea surface emission modeling, and radiometric data analysis. We have a special emphasis on the assessment of the impact of the sea state on the radiometric measurements, which is considered one of the major obstacles for SSS retrieval at the L-band. For this purpose, we present a new correlation between sea roughness information collected with the Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometer and radiometric data measured by an L-band radiometer system.
Temperature, stress, and structural-relaxation dependence of the magnetostriction in (Co0.94/BFe0.06)75/BSi15B10 glasses.

Temperature, stress, and structural-relaxation dependence of the magnetostriction in (Co0.94/BFe0.06)75/BSi15B10 glassesHigh-sensitivity measurements of the magnetostriction constant λs have been performed in the nearly zero magnetostriction (Co0.94Fe0.06)75Si15B10 metallic glass as a function of the stress and temperature after pulse-annealing treatments. A stress dependence of λs in this amorphous alloy is reported for the first time. At room temperature a slope of about -2×10-7 GPa-1 has been determined leading to a change in the sign of the magnetostriction constant in some circumstances. For determination of the thermal variation of λs, the temperature was changed by means of the alternating current flowing through the sample during the measurement, which was done by the small-angle magnetization-rotation (SAMR) method. The compensation temperatures, i.e., those temperatures at which the value of λs vanishes in going from negative to positive, were determined after isochronal annealing. In this way, the evolution of the single-ion and two-ion contributions to the magneto- striction was monitored during the structural relaxation. The ratio between the two contributions follows a chemical short-range-order kinetics. The stress dependence of the single-ion and two-ion contributions was deduced from measurements of the stress dependence of the magnetostriction at different temperatures.
Suprarenal fixation: effect on blood flow of an endoluminal stent wire across an arterial orifice.

PURPOSE To investigate what effect, if any, the presence of a stent wire in front of a renal artery has on the volume flow rate of blood through the renal artery. METHODS Experimental, numerical, and analytical modeling methods were used to test 4 separate stent wire configurations: a stent wire across the center of an artery orifice, an off-center wire placed at one-quarter the arterial diameter, a V-shaped wire with its vertex at the center, and 2 stent wires at one-third-diameter spacing. RESULTS For all the configurations studied, the presence of stent wires has a minimal effect on the blood flow rate into an artery of >/=3-mm diameter, with most flow rates decreasing by around 1%. This is true provided that there is no buildup of material on the wire. When material buildup was "encouraged" to occur, then decreases in flow rate of up to 40% were observed. The numerical and analytical methods indicated that the flow rates would, in most cases, decrease by around 3% to 10%. CONCLUSIONS A bare stent wire in front of a >3-mm-diameter artery decreases the flow rate minimally, providing there is no material on the wire. Although the numerical and analytical methods indicated a greater effect on flow, the approximations required for these 2 methods to obtain meaningful solutions suggest that the experimental results are the most accurate. Nonetheless, the analytical equations provided a useful approximation for determining the effect on blood flow due to the presence of a stent wire.
Monitoring and depth of strategy use in computer‐based learning environments for science and history

BACKGROUND Self-regulated learning (SRL) models position metacognitive monitoring as central to SRL processing and predictive of student learning outcomes (Winne & Hadwin, 2008; Zimmerman, 2000). A body of research evidence also indicates that depth of strategy use, ranging from surface to deep processing, is predictive of learning performance. AIMS In this study, we investigated the relationships among the frequency of metacognitive monitoring and the utilization of deep and surface-level strategies, and the connections between these SRL processes and learning outcomes across two academic domains, science and history. SAMPLE This was a secondary data analysis of two studies. The first study sample was 170 undergraduate students from a University in the south-eastern United States. The second study sample consisted of 40 US high school students in the same area. METHODS We collected think-aloud protocol SRL and knowledge measure data and conducted both structural equation modelling and path analysis to investigate our research questions. RESULTS Findings showed across both studies and two distinct academic domains, students who enacted more frequent monitoring also enacted more frequent deep strategies resulting in better performance on academic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the importance of measuring not only what depth of strategies learners use, but also the degree to which they monitor their learning. Attention to both is needed in research and practice.
Effect of Ozone on Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis in a Rat Model

Background: The positive effects of ozone therapy have been described in many gastrointestinal disorders. The mechanisms of this positive effect of ozone therapy are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the use of ozone may potentiate the gut intestinal mucosal homeostasis in a rat model. Methods: Adult rats weighing 250–280 g were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups of 8 rats each: 1) Control rats were given 2 mL of water by gavage and intraperitoneally (IP) for 5 days; 2) O3-PO rats were treated with 2 mL of ozone/oxygen mixture by gavage and 2 mL of water IP for 5 days; 3) O3-IP rats were treated with 2 mL of water by gavage and 2 mL of ozone/oxygen mixture IP for 5 days. Rats were sacrificed on day 6. Bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein, villus height and crypt depth, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated following sacrifice. Results: The group of O3-IP rats demonstrated a greater jejunal and ileal villus height and crypt depth, a greater enterocyte proliferation index in jejunum, and lower enterocyte apoptosis in ileum compared to control animals. Oral administration of the ozone/oxygen mixture resulted in a less significant effect on cell turnover. Conclusions: Treatment with an ozone/oxygen mixture stimulates intestinal cell turnover in a rat model. Intraperitoneal administration of ozone resulted in a more significant intestinal trophic effect than oral administration.
Causal Structure Learning for Famine Prediction

Food shortages are increasing in many areas of the world. In this paper, we consider the problem of understanding the causal relationships between socioeconomic factors in a developing-world household and their risk of experiencing famine. We analyse the extent to which it is possible to predict famine in a household based on these factors, looking at a data collected from 5404 households in Uganda. To do this we use a set of causal structure learning algorithms, employed as a committee that votes on the causal relationships between the variables. We contrast prediction accuracy of famine based on feature sets suggested by our prior knowledge and by the models we learn.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Oxidant Effects of p‐Chloro‐phenyl‐selenoesterol on TNBS‐Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice

This study aims to investigate the protective effect of p‐chloro‐phenyl‐selenoesterol [PCS; 0,2 mg/kg; 10 ml/kg i.g. ) in colitis induced by 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid [TNBS; 2 mg/100 µl 50% ethanol; intrarectally) in mice. Several parameters including weight, length, histological analyses determination, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, reactive species levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of colon were evaluated. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 [IL‐6) were also assessed. Treatment with PCS reduced the clinical and histopathologic severity of TNBS‐induced colitis, characterized by colon length reduction and increased colon weight and microscopic intestinal inflammation. The therapeutic effects of PCS in this model were associated with significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 and decrease in MPO activity. Furthermore, combined with improvements in inflammatory parameters, treatment with the PCS was able to decrease oxidative stress and to prevent the decrease in antioxidant defenses in animals with TNBS‐induced colitis. This finding suggests that PCS can improve experimental colitis in mice and it could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with IBD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 709–717, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blocking and array contraction across arbitrarily nested loops using affine partitioning

Applicable to arbitrary sequences and nests of loops, affine partitioning is a program transformation framework that unifies many previously proposed loop transformations, including unimodular transforms, fusion, fission, reindexing, scaling and statement reordering. Algorithms based on affine partitioning have been shown to be effective for parallelization and communication minimization. This paper presents algorithms that improve data locality using affine partitioning. Blocking and array contraction are two important optimizations that have been shown to be useful for data locality. Blocking creates a set of inner loops so that data brought into the faster levels of the memory hierarchy can be reused. Array contraction reduces an array to a scalar variable and thereby reduces the number of memory operations executed and the memory footprint. Loop transforms are often necessary to make blocking and array contraction possible. By bringing the full generality of affine partitioning to bear on the problem, our locality algorithm can find more contractable arrays than previously possible. This paper also generalizes the concept of blocking and shows that affine partitioning allows the benefits of blocking be realized in arbitrarily nested loops. Experimental results on a number of benchmarks and a complete multigrid application in aeronautics indicates that affine partitioning is effective in practice.
Structure and Dynamics in Calcium Aluminate Liquids: High‐Temperature 27Al NMR and Raman Spectroscopy

27Al NMR spectra of CaO–Al2O3 liquids at 2500 K have been obtained using a recently developed technique that involves CO2 laser heating and sample levitation inside the NMR magnet. The spectra consist of single, narrow lines (100 to 200 Hz FWHM), indicating that rapid chemical exchange among molecular species occurs in the liquids. Isotropic chemical shifts vary linearly with composition, becoming more shielded with increasing Al2O3content. This is most likely due to an increase in the average nearest-neighbor coordination of Al, as the proportion of higher coordinate Al species (AlO5 and AlO6) has been observed to increase with alumina content in glasses along this join. This is also in agreement with ion dynamics simulations of liquids along the CaO–Al2O3 join, which show the average Al coordination to range from 4 at low alumina content to 5 for Al2O3liquid. Correlation times for 27Al spin–lattice relaxation estimated from the NMR line widths are in agreement with shear relaxation times determined from experimental viscosity measurements. This may indicate that oxygen exchange between neighboring aluminate polyhedra is a key component in the mechanism for viscous flow. Viscosities determined from oxygen ion diffusion coefficients via ion dynamics simulation agree well with extrapolation of experimental data, in further support of this. We have also obtained high-temperature Raman spectra of CaAl2O4 and Ca12Al14O33 glasses and liquids up to 1928 K. The liquid spectra contain structure similar to those of glasses, indicating that the aluminate liquids consist of AlOn polyhedral units on the vibrational time scale, rather than simple ionic species.
Single-molecule dynamics of transcription of the lar promoter

We measured the in vivo production of RNA molecules tagged with MS2d-GFP in Escherichia coli, driven by the lar promoter, under weak and medium induction. The distributions of intervals between consecutive productions of RNAs are found to be sub-exponential, and the process of RNA production is found to be sub-Poissonian. We discuss possible models of transcription initiation and, based on our results and previous in vitro measurements, find that a sequential two-step model of transcription initiation at the promoter region explains the results well.