Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Background and College Enrollment

T HE socio-economic background of high school and college students has been the subject of study in a number -of investigations. Many articles and parts of studies have reported the results of surveys of student abilities, interests, and academic achievement as related to the socio-economic background of students in particular schools. ' Among other things, these studies reveal: 1. A tendency for students from professional, proprietor, and managerial groups to increase in proportion from grammar school to college. 2. Students in liberal arts colleges tend to stand higher in the socio-economic scale than those in teachers' colleges and normal schools. 3. Students enrolled in private schools and universities, on the whole, come from higher socio-economic groups than students attending public high schools, junior colleges, or state universities. 4. Students from the upper socio-economic groups are over-represented in institutions of higher learning, and students from the lower socio-economic groups are under-represented. 5. The chances children of superior intelligence have of attending college increase as the family income increases. 6. The chances children of superior intelligence have of attending college increase as the father's occupational status increases. The under-representation of the lower socio-economic groups in institutions of higher learning can be partly explained by the fact that children from these groups start dropping out of school on the grade levels and continue to do so in increasing
Hepatic fibrosis and factors associated with liver stiffness in HIV mono-infected individuals

Background Liver disease has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality even in those HIV-infected individuals who are devoid of hepatitis virus co-infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis and the role of associated factors using liver stiffness measurement in HIV mono-infected patients without significant alcohol intake. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 101 HIV mono-infected patients recruited prospectively from March 1, 2014 to October 30, 2014 at the Center for HIV, St István and St László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary. To determine hepatic fibrosis, liver stiffness was measured with transient elastography. Demographic, immunologic and other clinical parameters were collected to establish a multivariate model. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) was performed to identify predictors of liver stiffness. Results Liver stiffness ranged from 3.0–34.3 kPa, with a median value of 5.1 kPa (IQR 1.7). BMA provided a very high support for age (Posterior Effect Probability-PEP: 84.5%), moderate for BMI (PEP: 49.3%), CD4/8 ratio (PEP: 44.2%) and lipodystrophy (PEP: 44.0%). For all remaining variables, the model rather provides evidence against their effect. These results overall suggest that age and BMI have a positive association with LS, while CD4/8 ratio and lipodystrophy are negatively associated. Discussion Our findings shed light on the possible importance of ageing, overweight and HIV-induced immune dysregulation in the development of liver fibrosis in the HIV-infected population. Nonetheless, further controlled studies are warranted to clarify causal relations.
Subarachnoid hemorrahage in a young patient with a factor V Leiden thrombophilia : case report and literature review

Introduction: Cerebral venous thrombosis, including thrombosis of cerebral veins and major dural sinuses, is an uncommon disorder in the general population. However, it has a higher frequency among patients younger than 40 years old, patients with thrombophilia, and women who are pregnant or receiving hormonal contraception. The annual incidence is estimated to be 3 to 4 cases per million. Coexisting cerebral vein thrombosis and aneurysmal disease in the setting of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage is exceedingly rare. These rare situations put difficult problems of diagnosis and treatment. Case Report: We present the case of a 42year-old man patient who was diagnosed with thrombophilia of heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation and right ischemic stroke internal carotid cerebral artery four years ago. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting, a progressive severe headache that had lasted for a few days, followed by a rapid deterioration in the level of consciousness.On admission, the patient was in a comatose state, GCS score 5, mydriasis with bilaterally preservation of fotomotor reflex, stiff neck, acute respiratory failure and vegetative disorder. Cerebral CT scan showed a acute tetraventricular hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral four vessels angiography showed an left posterior communicating artery aneurysms and complete occlusion of right internal carotid artery.The aneurysm was managed with endovascular coiling with 100% occlusion achieved and acute hydrocephalus was treated first with external ventricular drainage and in a second time with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.The immediate and late outcome of patient has been addicted to several complications: acute bacterial meningitis, left hemiparesis, bronchopneumonia, urinary infection, malfunction of external ventricular drainage end swallowing disorders. Conclusion: In this report, the authors discuss the case of a coexistence ruptured aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery in one patient known with factor V Leiden thrombophilia and proximal right ICA occlusion.This associated is more rare and dangerous, but curable disease. The case clearly illustrates both the difficulty in establishing the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the presence of both aneurismal and CVST disease as well as the initiation of postendovascular coil embolization anticoagulation therapy. Endovascular coil embolization of the aneurysm was thus undertaken, with subsequent heparin anticoagulation to attempt to prevent Romanian Neurosurgery (2013) XX 2: 170 – 179 171 thrombus propagation.This neurosurgical strategy for treatment of a patient conducted to excellent results.
Dairy Food Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Hypertension: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence from Western populations suggests that dairy food intake may reduce the risk of hypertension, probably through its calcium content. However, there are no epidemiological studies among Asian populations with generally lower dairy and calcium consumption. OBJECTIVE The relation between dairy or calcium intake and risk of hypertension was evaluated in a Chinese population in Singapore. METHODS The analysis included 37,124 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 y who participated in the Singapore Chinese Health Study in 1993-1998. The subjects included in the present study had no history of cancer, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease at baseline and completed ≥1 follow-up interview. Diet at baseline was assessed by using a validated 165-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The occurrence of new, physician-diagnosed hypertension was ascertained through follow-up interviews during 1999-2004 and 2006-2010. The Cox proportional hazard regression method was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Dairy food intake was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in a dose-dependent manner: HRs across quartiles were 1.00 (lowest quartile, reference), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.02), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.03), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.98) (P-trend = 0.01). Milk accounted for ∼80% of all dairy products consumed in this population. Daily milk drinkers had a lower risk of hypertension (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) than did nondrinkers. Nondairy calcium intake contributed 80% of total calcium intake. Although dairy calcium intake was associated with a lower risk of hypertension (HR comparing extreme quartiles: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94; P-trend < 0.001), there was no association for nondairy calcium intake (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.10; P-trend = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS Baseline dairy food intake, and specifically that of milk, may reduce the risk of developing hypertension in Chinese adults, and this may not be associated with the calcium component.
Selective sweeps and intercontinental migration in the cosmopolitan moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.

The moss Ceratodon purpureus has long been used as a model system in plant development and physiology. However, the molecular population genetics of the species remains virtually unexplored. In this study, we used population genetic analyses of DNA sequence data from three unlinked loci (atpB‐rbcL spacer, adk, and phy2) to examine biogeographical patterns in a global sample of this species. The three loci differed significantly in mutation frequency spectra and implied population structure. Pairs of haplotypes from single populations were frequently more divergent than haplotypes sampled from widely disjunct populations. In the atpB‐rbcL spacer and adk samples, Australasian haplotypes were more closely related to Northern Hemisphere haplotypes than to haplotypes found in the equatorial regions. In contrast, the phy2 sample showed that the north and south temperate regions were genetically divergent, with the equatorial regions intermediate. Maximum‐likelihood estimates (MLE) of the rates of migration between the two hemispheres were significantly different for the two nuclear genes. The frequency spectra of mutations indicated that differences in implied population structure among the three loci resulted from directional selection on the chloroplast genome and on the chromosomal segment containing adk. Collectively, these data suggest that long‐distance migration within the Northern Hemisphere and Australasian regions is common (relative to the mutation rate) and that migration between these two regions, potentially via equatorial populations, is more frequent than migration among equatorial populations.
Perceived Key Movement in Four- Voice Harmony and Single Voices

Listeners with a moderate amount of musical training rated the distance between the first and final key of short chorale excerpts under one of four presentation conditions. The distance between keys, or modulation distance, was either zero, one, or two steps in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction on the cycle of fifths. Presentation conditions were four-voice harmonic sequences excerpted from the complete set of Bach chorales, single voices of the latter sequences, four-voice harmonic sequences simplified to block chords, and single voices of the latter sequences. Consistent with earlier findings (Thompson & Cuddy, 1989), judgments for both four- voice harmonic presentations and single-voice presentations revealed a close correspondence between modulation distance and judged distance. Ratings for harmonic sequences within a given key distance, however, showed influences of direction of modulation and of harmonic progression that were not reflected in ratings for single voices. The findings suggest that harmony and melody follow somewhat different principles in the process of identifying key change.
A LOW-MASS MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR AND ACCRETION DISK IN THE VERY FAINT X-RAY TRANSIENT M15 X-3

We present near-simultaneous Chandra ? > /Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ? > ) observations of the very faint (Lx < 1036 erg s−1) X-ray transient source M15 X-3, as well as unpublished archival Chandra ? > observations of M15 X-3. The Chandra ? > observations constrain the luminosity of M15 X-3 to be <1034 erg s−1 in all observed epochs. The X-ray spectrum shows evidence of curvature, and prefers a fit to a broken power law with break energy E break = 2.7 − 0.6 + 0.4 ? > keV, and power-law indices of Γ 1 = 1.3 − 0.2 + 0.1 ? > and Γ 2 = 1.9 − 0.2 + 0.2 ? > over a single power law. We fit our new F438W (B), F606W (broad V), and F814W (I) HST data on the blue optical counterpart with a model for an accretion disk and a metal-poor main-sequence star. From this fit, we determine the companion to be consistent with a main-sequence star of mass 0.440 − 0.060 + 0.035 ? > M⊙ in a ∼4 hr orbit. X-ray irradiation of the companion is likely to be a factor in the optical emission from the system, which permits the companion to be smaller than calculated above, but larger than 0.15 M⊙ at the 3σ confidence level. M15 X-3 seems to be inconsistent with all suggested hypotheses explaining very faint transient behavior, except for magnetospherically inhibited accretion.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Phosphorylation of Human Septin SEPT5 (hCDCrel-1) Modulates Exocytosis

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is predominantly expressed in the nervous system, where it is involved in neuronal migration, synaptic transmission, and survival. The role of Cdk5 in synaptic transmission is mediated by regulating the cellular functions of presynaptic proteins such as synapsin, Munc18, and dynamin 1. Its multifunctional role at the synapse is complex and probably involves other novel substrates. To explore this possibility, we used a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human cDNA library with p35 as bait and isolated human septin 5 (SEPT5), known also as hCDCrel-1, as an interacting clone. Here we report that p35 associates with SEPT5 in GST (glutathione S-transferase)-pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We confirmed that Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates SEPT5 in vitro and in vivo and identified S327 of SEPT5 as a major phosphorylation site. A serine (S)-to-alanine (A) 327 mutant of SEPT5 bound syntaxin more efficiently than SEPT5 wild type. Additionally, coimmunoprecipitation from synaptic vesicle fractions and Cdk5 wild-type and knock-out lysates showed that phosphorylation of septin 5 by Cdk5/p35 decreases its binding to syntaxin-1. Moreover, mutant nonphosphorylated SEPT5 potentiated regulated exocytosis more than the wild type when each was expressed in PC12 cells. These data suggest that Cdk5 phosphorylation of human septin SEPT5 at S327 plays a role in modulating exocytotic secretion.
Deep inelastic scattering from gauge string duality in D3-D7 brane model

We calculate deep inelastic structure functions for mesons in the D3-D7 brane model, that incorporates flavour to the AdS/CFT correspondence. We consider two different prescriptions for the hadronic current dual: a gauge field in the AdS bulk and a gauge field on the D7 brane. We also calculate elastic form factors in both cases. We compare our results with other holographic models.
Pairwise support vector machines and their application to large scale problems

Pairwise classification is the task to predict whether the examples a,b of a pair (a,b) belong to the same class or to different classes. In particular, interclass generalization problems can be treated in this way. In pairwise classification, the order of the two input examples should not affect the classification result. To achieve this, particular kernels as well as the use of symmetric training sets in the framework of support vector machines were suggested. The paper discusses both approaches in a general way and establishes a strong connection between them. In addition, an efficient implementation is discussed which allows the training of several millions of pairs. The value of these contributions is confirmed by excellent results on the labeled faces in the wild benchmark.
Academic self-concept, achievement goals, and achievement: Is their relation the same for academic achievers and underachievers?

ABSTRACT This longitudinal study investigated the contribution of achievement goals and academic self-concept for the prediction of unexpected academic achievement (i.e., achievement that is higher or lower than expected with respect to students’ cognitive ability) in general and when comparing groups of extreme over- and underachievers. Our sample comprised 769 students (50.78% female, 160 underachievers, 176 overachievers) in the highest track of the German secondary school system who were assessed three times (in grade 5, 6, and 8). Controlling for students’ cognitive ability, results supported the reciprocal effects model for positive developmental relations between academic self-concept and achievement in the overall sample. Furthermore, academic self-concept and performance goals showed significant reciprocal relations. For achievement goals, only mastery goals showed positive reciprocal relationships with academic achievement, whereas performance goals (approach and avoidance) showed no significant relations. However, for underachieving students, academic self-concept as well as mastery goals were unrelated to later achievement, and for overachieving students, both constructs showed positive relations with later achievement. Findings indicate that interventions aimed at positive goal development might also produce positive and lasting impacts on academic self-concept and—mediated by self-concept—on academic achievement. However, this does not seem to apply to underachieving students.
The Conserved Exon Method for Gene Finding

A new approach to gene finding is introduced called the "Conserved Exon Method" (CEM). It is based on the idea of looking for conserved protein sequences by comparing pairs of DNA sequences, identifying putative exon pairs based on conserved regions and splice junction signals then chaining pairs of putative exons together. It simultaneously predicts gene structures in both human and mouse genomic sequences (or in other pairs of sequences at the appropriate evolutionary distance). Experimental results indicate the potential usefulness of this approach.
The effectiveness of pharmaceutical interventions for obesity: weight loss with orlistat and sibutramine in a United Kingdom population-based cohort

Aims Drug treatments for obesity have proven efficacy from randomized trials, but their effectiveness in routine clinical practice is unknown. We assessed the effects on weight and body mass index (BMI) of orlistat and sibutramine when delivered in routine primary care. Methods We used United Kingdom data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink to estimate the effects of orlistat or sibutramine on weight and BMI over 3 years following treatment initiation. For comparison, we matched each patient with up to five obese patients receiving neither drug. Mixed effects linear regression with splines was used to model change in weight and BMI. Mean change with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated. Results We identified 100 701 patients receiving orlistat, 15 355 receiving sibutramine and 508 140 non-intervention patients, with body mass index of 37.2, 36.6 and 33.2 kg m−2, respectively. Patients receiving orlistat lost, on average, 0.94 kg month−1 (0.93 to 0.95) over the first 4 months. Weight gain then occurred, although weight remained slightly below baseline at 3 years. Patients receiving sibutramine lost, 1.28 kg month−1 (1.26 to 1.30) over the first 4 months, but by 3 years had exceeded baseline weight. Non-intervention patients had slight increases in weight throughout the 3 year period, with gains ranging between 0.01 and 0.06 kg month−1. Conclusions Orlistat and sibutramine had early effects on weight loss, not sustained over 3 years. As new treatments for obesity are approved, their effectiveness should be measured in routine clinical practice, as effectiveness may be considerably less than seen in randomized trials.
Intrinsic Disorder Is a Common Feature of Hub Proteins from Four Eukaryotic Interactomes

Recent proteome-wide screening approaches have provided a wealth of information about interacting proteins in various organisms. To test for a potential association between protein connectivity and the amount of predicted structural disorder, the disorder propensities of proteins with various numbers of interacting partners from four eukaryotic organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens) were investigated. The results of PONDR VL-XT disorder analysis show that for all four studied organisms, hub proteins, defined here as those that interact with ≥10 partners, are significantly more disordered than end proteins, defined here as those that interact with just one partner. The proportion of predicted disordered residues, the average disorder score, and the number of predicted disordered regions of various lengths were higher overall in hubs than in ends. A binary classification of hubs and ends into ordered and disordered subclasses using the consensus prediction method showed a significant enrichment of wholly disordered proteins and a significant depletion of wholly ordered proteins in hubs relative to ends in worm, fly, and human. The functional annotation of yeast hubs and ends using GO categories and the correlation of these annotations with disorder predictions demonstrate that proteins with regulation, transcription, and development annotations are enriched in disorder, whereas proteins with catalytic activity, transport, and membrane localization annotations are depleted in disorder. The results of this study demonstrate that intrinsic structural disorder is a distinctive and common characteristic of eukaryotic hub proteins, and that disorder may serve as a determinant of protein interactivity.
Effects of different potting growing media for Petunia grandiflora and Nicotiana alata Link & Otto on photosynthetic capacity, leaf area, and flowering potential

Petunia grandiflora Juss. and Nicotiana alata Link & Otto are two of the most widely spread plants on the market for annual potted ornamental plants. In order to identify the most adequate substrate formula we analyzed the effects of different potting growing media used for P. hybrida grandiflora 'Bravo' and N. alata 'Dinamo' on their photosynthetic capacity, leaf area, and flowering potential. Optimization of growing media formula for petunia and ornamental tobacco was performed by preparing four growing media mixing fallow soil (FS), Biolan peat (BP), acid peat (AP), leaf compost (C), and perlite (P) in different proportions. The physiological potential of petunia and ornamental tobacco was investigated by photosynthesis and respiration rate and chlorophyll pigments in leaves, while the vegetative and flowering phenological stages were evaluated by number of leaves per plant, leaf area, number of flowers per plant and leaf area/flowers ratio. These measurements were significantly influenced by the different potting growing media used in this study. In the flowering stage, the highest photosynthesis rates (8.612 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) as well as leaf area (1.766 dm2) of petunias were obtained on growing media with 60% biolan peat, 30% acid peat and 10% perlite (BP60-AP30-P10). Flowering responses to growing conditions vary greatly among plants and the biggest number of ornamental tobacco flowers (22 flowers plant-1) was registered as an effect of BP60-AP30-P10 media. Growing media with the BP60-AP30-P10 formula seem to be the most adequate growth substrate to develop profitable crops for petunias and ornamental tobacco with high decorative value.
Trustworthiness Evaluation and Testing of Open Source Components

The use of Open Source Components (OSCs) is rapidly increasing in software systems. One of the biggest obstacles for the use of OSCs is the fact that the software integrators can not be sure of the quality of the components. Thus, it is the responsibility of the integrators to perform the quality evaluation. When building products using OSCs, the integrators should have a clear method and tools that facilitate and automate the evaluation work. Our contribution is a method and tooling for trustworthiness evaluation and testing of OSCs. The method provides clear guidelines to assist the integrators to perform the evaluation in their own software development environment. The tooling assists in the technical trustworthiness evaluation, containing tools for reliability analysis and testing. The tools are independent, co-operating in the open source context.