Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of impulsive-violent behavior: an event-related potential study

Impulsive-violent offenders are often less capable of controlling their behavior. A cued Go/No-go task was used to test the hypothesis that impulsive-violent behavior reflects a deficit in the ability to inhibit prepotent responses and could be reflected in the measurement of event-related potentials. Results showed that the amplitudes of the N2 component at Fz reflected different degrees of inhibition in impulsive-violent offenders compared with matched controls. The N2 amplitude (No-go minus Go) was significantly lower in the impulsive-violent offenders than in matched controls. The amplitude of N2 increased when effort was required to withhold the Go intention. A smaller N2 amplitude was seen in offenders, suggesting difficulties with inhibition of prepotent behavior.
Composition, Generation and Management Method of Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa City, Central Ethiopia: A Review

Municipal Solid Waste management is one of the most fundamental issues in the contemporary urban environments particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. A huge generation of waste coupled with unbalanced waste management services is the major challenges facing the City of Addis Ababa. A continuous increase of production of more wastes and change in the composition of waste into complex, the waste management practice is challenged by low prioritization of waste management, limited revenues for financing waste management with the ever increasing population of this city. This retrospective study received documents from books, thesis works, annual waste management conference reports, journals on waste management, newsletters, abstracts and proceedings which can properly address the main factors that strongly hinder proper waste management and the extent to which community is aware of appropriate waste disposal systems in Addis Ababa city. The mechanism of Addis Ababa city Sanitation, Beautification and Park Development Authority to coordinate stakeholders has played a vital role in waste management. However, the daily monitoring of waste management by the community development section has not been sufficient because of poor governance where accountability, participation and transparency are lacking. It is also unauthorized solid waste dumping practice problem in different locations and has an effect on water sources and its resources. Effective involvement of both private and public sectors should improve waste management and provide door-to-door collection, street sweeping and facilitate drainage disposable canals. Therefore, an integrated solid waste management practice should be implemented for the City and also for the surrounding environment. As a result, strong political will, multi-sectoral approach, public awareness and participation, strategic planning, adequate funding and the adoption of Integrated Solid Waste Management is recommended SWM system required in Addis Ababa city.
miR-34a and miR-125b Expression in HPV Infection and Cervical Cancer Development

We aimed to characterize miR-125b and miR-34a expression in 114 women with different cervical lesions: normal epithelium with (n = 20) and without (n = 29) HPV infection; LSIL (n = 28); HSIL (n = 29); and ICC (n = 8). miRNA expression analysis was performed by comparing the distinct groups with the reference group (women with normal epithelium without HPV). For miR-125b, we observed a twofold (2−ΔΔCt = 2.11; P = 0.038) increased expression among women with normal epithelium with HPV infection and a trend of downregulation in different cervical lesions including an 80% reduction (2−ΔΔCt = 0.21; P = 0.004) in ICC. Similarly, miR-34a expression analysis revealed an increased expression (2−ΔΔCt = 1.69; P = 0.049) among women with normal cervix and HPV infection, and despite no significant correlation with cervical lesions, its expression was increased by twofold (2−ΔΔCt = 2.08; P = 0.042) in ICC. Moreover, miR-125b levels were able to predict invasive cancers with 88% sensitivity and 69% specificity. Results showed that while miR-34a expression seems to be correlated with invasive cervical cancer, miR-125b expression is significantly changed within the different cervical lesions and their levels should be further investigated as possible predictive/prognostic biomarkers using a noninvasive approach.
Outsourcing in the brain: do neurons depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes?

Brain function depends on the cooperation between highly specialized cells. Neurons generate electrical signals and glial cells provide structural and metabolic support. Here, I propose a new kind of job-sharing between neurons and astrocytes. Recent studies on primary cultures of highly purified neurons from the rodent central nervous system (CNS) suggest that, during development, neurons reduce or even abandon cholesterol synthesis to save energy and import cholesterol from astrocytes via lipoproteins. The cholesterol shuttle may be restricted to compartments distant from the soma including synapses and may be regulated by electrical activity. Testing these hypotheses will help to improve our still insufficient understanding of brain cholesterol metabolism and its role in neurodegeneration.
The Cloud Point Behaviors and the Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of L31—Inorganic Sodium Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Abstract The cloud point (CP) of triblock-copolymer L31 aqueous solution was determined with salting-out salts (Na2SO4/Na2CO3/NaF/NaCl/NaBr). The results show that all these salts can decrease the CP of L31 aqueous solution and form aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). With increasing concentrations of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3, an obvious phase inversion could be observed and phase inversion points were found. This was mainly due to the change in density, the salt-rich phase shifted from the top phase to the bottom phase. Meanwhile, the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for L31-Na2SO4/Na2CO3/NaF/NaCl/NaBr ATPSs were measured at 288.15 K. The salt ability to decrease the CP and to induce the phase separation is as follows: Na2SO4 > Na2CO3, NaF > NaCl > NaBr. Finally, the order of anions that reduced the CP and caused phase separation was obtained as follows: SO42− >CO32−, F− > Cl− > Br−. Graphical Abstract
Star Formation in Isolated Disk Galaxies. II. Schmidt Laws and Efficiency of Gravitational Collapse

We model gravitational instability in a wide range of isolated disk galaxies, using GADGET, a three-dimensional, smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. The model galaxies include a dark matter halo and a disk of stars and isothermal gas. Absorbing sink particles are used to directly measure the mass of gravitationally collapsing gas. Below the density at which they are inserted, the collapsing gas is fully resolved. We make the assumption that stars and molecular gas form within the sink particle once it is created and that the star formation rate is the gravitational collapse rate times a constant efficiency factor. In our models, the derived star formation rate declines exponentially with time, and radial profiles of atomic and molecular gas and star formation rate reproduce observed behavior. We derive from our models and discuss both the global and local Schmidt laws for star formation: power-law relations between surface densities of gas and star formation rate. The global Schmidt law observed in disk galaxies is quantitatively reproduced by our models. We find that the surface density of star formation rate directly correlates with the strength of local gravitational instability. The local Schmidt laws of individual galaxies in our models show clear evidence of star formation thresholds. The variations in both the slope and the normalization of the local Schmidt laws cover the observed range. The averaged values agree well with the observed average and with the global law. Our results suggest that the nonlinear development of gravitational instability determines the local and global Schmidt laws and the star formation thresholds. We derive from our models the quantitative dependence of the global star formation efficiency on the initial gravitational instability of galaxies. The more unstable a galaxy is, the quicker and more efficiently its gas collapses gravitationally and forms stars.
RAPID-Risk Assessment of Android Permission and Application Programming Interface (API) Call for Android Botnet

Android applications may pose risks to smartphone users. Most of the current security countermeasures for detecting dangerous apps show some weaknesses. In this paper, a risk assessment method is proposed to evaluate the risk level of Android apps in terms of confidentiality (privacy), integrity (financial) and availability (system). The proposed research performs mathematical analysis of an app and returns a single easy to understand evaluation of the app’s risk level (i.e., Very Low, Low, Moderate, High, and Very High). These schemes have been tested on 2488 samples coming from Google Play and Android botnet dataset. The results show a good accuracy in both identifying the botnet apps and in terms of risk level.
Performance-constrained voltage assignment in multiple supply voltage SoC floorplanning

Using voltage island methodology to reduce power consumption for System-on-a-Chip (SoC) designs has become more and more popular recently. Currently this approach has been considered either in system-level architecture or postplacement stage. Since hierarchical design and reusable intellectual property (IP) are widely used, it is necessary to optimize floorplanning/placement methodology considering voltage islands generation to solve power and critical path delay problems. In this article, we propose a floorplanning methodology considering voltage islands generation and performance constraints. Our method is flexible and can be extended to hierarchical design. The experimental results on some MCNC benchmarks show that our method is effective in meeting performance constraints and can simultaneously consider the tradeoff between power routing cost and total power dissipation.
Green Bank Telescope Studies of Giant Pulses from Millisecond Pulsars

We have conducted a search for giant pulses from four millisecond pulsars using the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Coherently dedispersed time series from PSR J0218+4232 were found to contain giant pulses of very short intrinsic duration whose energies follow power-law statistics. The giant pulses are in phase with the two minima of the radio integrated pulse profile but are phase-aligned with the peaks of the X-ray profile. Historically, individual pulses more than 10-20 times the mean pulse energy have been deemed to be "giant pulses. " As only 4 of the 155 pulses had energies greater than 10 times the mean pulse energy, we argue the emission mechanism responsible for giant pulses should instead be defined through: (1) intrinsic timescales of microsecond or nanosecond duration; (2) power-law energy statistics; and (3) emission occurring in narrow phase windows coincident with the phase windows of nonthermal X-ray emission. Four short-duration pulses with giant-pulse characteristics were also observed from PSR B1957+20. As the inferred magnetic fields at the light cylinders of the millisecond pulsars that emit giant pulses are all very high, this parameter has previously been considered to be an indicator of giant-pulse emissivity. However, the frequency of giant-pulse emission from PSR B1957+20 is significantly lower than for other millisecond pulsars that have similar magnetic fields at their light cylinders. This suggests that the inferred magnetic field at the light cylinder is a poor indicator of the rate of emission of giant pulses.
Cloning, immunolocalization, and functional expression of a GABA transporter from the retina of the skate

Termination of GABA signals within the retina occurs through high-affinity reuptake of the released neurotransmitter by GABA transporters (GATs) present in neurons and glia surrounding the release site. In the present work, we have cloned a novel GAT from the retina of the skate (Raja erinacea). The clone codes for a 622 amino acid protein whose sequence has highest similarity to the GABA/β-alanine transporter of the electric ray (Torpedo marmorata) (88% identity) and the GAT-3 isolated from rat brain (75% identity). The protein was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and characterized using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Application of GABA induced a dose-dependent inward current, with 8 μM GABA producing a half-maximal response. The current required the presence of extracellular sodium and was unaffected by the GABA receptor blocker picrotoxin or the GAT-1 specific antagonist NO-711. The high homology between the cloned skate GABA transporter and the GAT-3 equivalents of other species, coupled with the strikingly similar pharmacological profile to GAT-3s of other species, lead us to conclude that we had cloned the GAT-3 homologue for the skate. Polyclonal antibodies specific to GAT-3 and the previously cloned skate GAT-1 transporter were used to examine the distribution of GAT-3 and GAT-1 immunoreactivity in the retina and in isolated cells of the skate. Antibodies for both transporters showed labeling in the outer and inner plexiform layers, and staining extended from the outer to inner limiting membranes. Both GAT-1 and GAT-3 antibodies labeled enzymatically isolated Müller cells, while bipolar cells and horizontal cells did not appear to express either transporter. These results imply that GAT-1 and GAT-3 are both present in Müller cells of the skate retina where they are likely involved in regulating extracellular concentrations of GABA.
Recognizing Semantic Features in Faces using Deep Learning

The human face constantly conveys information, both consciously and subconsciously. However, as basic as it is for humans to visually interpret this information, it is quite a big challenge for machines. Conventional semantic facial feature recognition and analysis techniques are already in use and are based on physiological heuristics, but they suffer from lack of robustness and high computation time. This thesis aims to explore ways for machines to learn to interpret semantic information available in faces in an automated manner without requiring manual design of feature detectors, using the approach of Deep Learning. This thesis provides a study of the effects of various factors and hyper-parameters of deep neural networks in the process of determining an optimal network configuration for the task of semantic facial feature recognition. This thesis explores the effectiveness of the system to recognize the various semantic features (like emotions, age, gender, ethnicity etc.) present in faces. Furthermore, the relation between the effect of high-level concepts on low level features is explored through an analysis of the similarities in low-level descriptors of different semantic features. This thesis also demonstrates a novel idea of using a deep network to generate 3-D Active Appearance Models of faces from real-world 2-D images. For a more detailed report on this work, please see [arXiv:1512.00743v1].
Identification of sequences necessary for the association of cardiac myosin subunits

To begin to understand the nature of myosin subunit assembly, we determined the region of a vertebrate sarcomeric myosin heavy chain required for binding of light chain 1. We coexpressed in Escherichia coli segments of the rat alpha cardiac myosin heavy chain which spanned the carboxyl terminus of subfragment 1 and the amino terminus of subfragment 2 with a full-length rat cardiac myosin light chain 1. A 16 amino acid region of the myosin heavy chain (residues 792-808) was shown to be required for myosin light chain 1 binding in an immunoprecipitation assay.
Do Code and Comments Co-Evolve? On the Relation between Source Code and Comment Changes

Comments are valuable especially for program understanding and maintenance, but do developers comment their code? To which extent do they add comments or adapt them when they evolve the code? We examine the question whether source code and associated comments are really changed together along the evolutionary history of a software system. In this paper, we describe an approach to map code and comments to observe their co-evolution over multiple versions. We investigated three open source systems (i.e., ArgoUML, Azureus, and JDT core) and describe how comments and code co-evolved over time. Some of our findings show that: 1) newly added code - despite its growth rate - barely gets commented; 2) class and method declarations are commented most frequently but far less, for example, method calls; and 3) that 97% of comment changes are done in the same revision as the associated source code change.
Role of Pretask planning Time in EFL Learners’ Spoken Performance: The Case of Error-Repair, Appropriacy-Repair, and Different Information- Repair

This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of pretask planning time on repair in oral performance among Iranian intermediate EFL Learners. 60 male and female EFL learners whose level of proficiency was determined through administering an Oxford Placement Test (OPT) participated in this study. They were divided into 3 groups: 1) group with no pretask planning time, 2) group with five minute pretask planning time, and 3) group with ten minute pretask planning time. The instrument utilized in this study was an oral test through which different types of repairs were identified and further analyzed. A number of chi-square tests were performed to determine whether there were significant differences in three kinds of repairs: error-repair, appropriacy-repair, and information- repair in EFL learners’ performance in the three groups. The results revealed that groups with time for pretask planning have fewer repairs than the group with no time, but there was no significant difference in groups with different pretask planning time. The outcome of this study can be used by curriculum developers and English language teachers to consider the importance of a pretask planning in a task-based syllabus.
Molecular Basis for Resistance of Acanthamoeba Tubulins to All Major Classes of Antitubulin Compounds

ABSTRACT Tubulin is essential to eukaryotic cells and is targeted by several antineoplastics, herbicides, and antimicrobials. We demonstrate that Acanthamoeba spp. are resistant to five antimicrotubule compounds, unlike any other eukaryote studied so far. Resistance correlates with critical amino acid differences within the inhibitor binding sites of the tubulin heterodimers.
PERAN KADER ANTI PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA BERBASIS PELAJAR OLEH BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL SURABAYA

BNN is one of the institutions in Indonesia that handle drugs abused problems in the country. The results of BNN survey found that drug abused suspects reached 3.1 million to 3.6 million people in 2008 which was dominated by students. One of BNN Surabaya eff orts in overcoming a drug abusing and illicit drug traffi cking is by forming student-based cadres. The cadres consist of several schools in Surabaya and they are trained to run in accordance with their role. The role of the cadre itself is to become an extension of BNN Surabaya for disseminating the danger of drug abuse in around student circles or peer group. This research was a descriptive research, used case study design. Informants in this study were P2M BNN Surabaya and some cadres of both female and male students who around at 15–17 years old. Data were collected by interview which contain of explanations by P2M about the formation of cadres and the tasks assigned to the cadres as well as by interview when fi eld off with the cadres. The results showed that the role of cadre in school environment is as Peer Counselor, Peer Educator, and Peer Leadership. Within achieving the success of the role of cadres, it could be seen from health promotion aspect by looking at the level of knowledge, attitude, action and able to communicate well in order to indicate success in these activities can be achieved. Keywords: cadres, students, drugs abused
Inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors: A moderated mediation model

Despite burgeoning interest in employees’ learning from errors in recent decades, the current understanding of the impact of leadership on employees’ learning from errors is still very limited. To fill this void, by integrating the role identity theory into the cost–benefit analysis framework, this study developed a moderated mediation model to investigate the effects of inclusive leadership on employees’ learning from errors and tested this model using data collected at two points in time from 206 employees in China. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results show that inclusive leadership was positively related to employees’ learning from errors and that this relationship was mediated by employees’ psychological safety. The results further demonstrated that employees’ power distance moderated the direct relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ psychological safety and the indirect relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ learning from errors through psychological safety in such a way that the relationships were stronger when the power distance was lower. These findings extend the relevant literature and have important implications for cross-cultural and diversity management. JEL classification code: M1
Moments of inertia of the binary pulsars J 0737-3039 A , B and the dense matter

The moment of inertia of the pulsar A in the neutron star binary J0737-3039 will soon be measurable through detailed measurements of the periastron advance. We present the calculation of the moment of inertia of neutron stars with the masses of the components of the binary J0737-3039 for a broad range of equations of state of dense matter and discuss the implications of such measurement for constraining the equation of state. An observational determination of the moment of inertia of the pulsar A in J0737-3039 with the accuracy of 10% shall narrow down considerably the range of viable equations of state. We also show that limits on maximal mass of a neutron star provide a complementary set of constraints on the properties of dense nuclear matter.
SELF-PRESENTATION PROCESSES IN PERSONAL PROFILES IN A PRO-ANOREXIA GROUP

This paper presents the results of a content analysis of 1000 personal profiles posted on a pro-anorexia (pro-ana) group from the social networking site Xanga. Applying methods of computer-mediated communication discourse analysis, the visual and verbal strategies of self-presentation in pro-ana members’ profiles were examined. Competence, ingratiation, exemplification and supplication emerged as the main self-presentation strategies identified in the text-based profiles. In contrast to other online self-presentations (such as personal home pages and weblogs), new contents and meanings related to a pro-ana social identity were assigned to these strategies in the group. The analysis of the profile pictures revealed that pro-ana users of the site tended to remain visually anonymous, resorting to images of models and celebrities, and reproducing the thin ideal. Based on these findings, this study advances some conclusions about how the pro-ana identity is constructed in social networking sites.
Representations for Optimal Stopping under Dynamic Monetary Utility Functionals

In this paper we consider the optimal stopping problem for general dynamic monetary utility functionals. Sufficient conditions for the Bellman principle and the existence of optimal stopping times are provided. Particular attention is paid to representations which allow for a numerical treatment in real situations. To this aim, generalizations of standard evaluation methods like policy iteration and dual and consumption based approaches are developed in the context of general dynamic monetary utility functionals. As a result, it turns out that the possibility of a particular generalization depends on specific properties of the utility functional under consideration.