Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When logic and belief collide: Individual differences in reasoning times support a selective processing model

When the validity of a deductive conclusion conflicts with its believability people often respond in a belief-biased manner. This study used response times to test the selective processing model, which views belief-bias effects as arising from the interplay between superficial heuristic processes and more rigorous analytic processes. Participants were split into three response groups according to their propensity to endorse logically normative conclusions. The low-logic, high belief-bias group demonstrated rapid responding, consistent with heuristic processing. The medium-logic, moderate belief-bias group showed slower responding, consistent with enhanced analytic processing, albeit selectively biased by conclusion believability. The high-logic, low belief-bias group's relatively unbiased responses came at the cost of increased processing times, especially with invalid-believable conclusions. These findings support selective processing claims that distinct heuristic and analytic processing systems underpin reasoning, and indicate that certain individuals differentially engage one system more than the other. A minor amendment is proposed to the current selective processing model to capture the full range of observed effects.
Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process.

This 3-wave longitudinal study aimed to extend current understanding of the predictors and outcomes of employee proactivity (involving information seeking, feedback seeking, relationship building, and positive framing) in the socialization process. Two personality variables, extraversion and openness to experience, were associated with higher levels of proactive socialization behavior. Of the proactive behaviors studied, feedback seeking and relationship building were highlighted in their importance because of their various relationships with the work-related outcomes assessed in this study (e.g., social integration, role clarity, job satisfaction, intention to turnover, and actual turnover). The results also highlighted the importance of 2 control variables (opportunity to interact with others on the job and skill level of the new job) in the experience of socialization into a new job.
Terlipressin in bleeding esophageal varices: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

The effect of terlipressin (N‐α‐triglycyl‐8‐lysinevasopressin) in bleeding esophageal varices was evaluated in a prospective placebo‐controlled study. Fifty bleeding episodes from esophagealvarices in 34 patients were randomized. Standard therapy with transfusions, fluid and electrolyte correction, and lactulose was performed in both groups. Balloon tamponade was used in 20 bleeding episodes in the terlipressin group and in 19 bleeding episodes in the control group.
Negotiating Popular Obesity Discourses in Adolescence

Abstract Ethnographic research, including individual interviews, focus groups and participant observation, was conducted to explore youth perceptions of school food, attitudes about overweight and obesity, and gendered food consumption behaviors within the broader context of competing popular discourses about the national “obesity epidemic. ” Adolescents interviewed harshly criticized overweight people for a perceived lack of self-control; at the same time, youth reported feeling out of control with regard to their own food consumption behaviors at school. As a result, girls blamed themselves for eating “junk food” at school and engaged in “guilt talk” to mitigate feelings of guilt and display personal responsibility. Girls also shared junk food items with friends to limit the amount consumed. In contrast, boys did not express feeling guilty about eating junk food and reported trading or jacking (slang term meaning “to steal”) junk food items from friends as opposed to sharing, a behavior that was associated only with girls.
Work-Based Learning and Social Support: Relative Influences on High School Seniors' Occupational Engagement Orientations.

This stu dy examined t he efforts of a l arge, urban s chool dis trict t o redu ce future occupational disengagement risks by requiring all high school students to complete 60 hours o f work-based i nternships. T he hypothesis was t hat so cial s upport fr om adult supervisors and mentors positively affected students’ occupational engagement orientations over and above the i nfluence that programmatic experiences provided. The survey data for this study were collected from all seniors in the district’s 17 high schools (N = 1,7 41). Ordinary Leas t Squares (OLS) was a pplied in a h ierarchical regression in four stages. The fi ndings indicated that opportuni ties to receive social support, especially having a mentor, contributed most to seniors’ future dispositions toward occupational engagement. D istrict c areer and tec hnical e ducation ( CTE) students als o exp erienced grea ter s ocial su pport than n on-CTE stud ents. Th e recommendations fo cused on t he n eed for co mprehensive hi gh schoo ls to p rovide more access to supportive adults and personalized supportive learning environments.
Privacy in Online Social Networking: Applying a Privacy Calculus Model

The penetration rate continues to grow for social networking sites where individuals join a virtual community to socialize, make connections, and share opinions with those who have similar interests, while revealing personal information. However, online social networking presents a unique context with distinct privacy challenges. To understand information disclosure behavior in this context, we apply the extended privacy calculus model, developed by Dinev and Hart (2006a), which addresses the trade-off between the expected costs of privacy risk beliefs and the benefits of confidence and placement beliefs on the willingness to provide personal information. We further extend this model to include specific types of personal information, based on our proposed taxonomy of information integral to social networking. To test our research model, a questionnaire will be administered to undergraduate students, drawn from the mid-Atlantic U.S. For hypothesis testing, structural equations modeling will be used. The completion of this research-in-progress study is expected to contribute to our understanding of the types of information revealed in online social networking.
Compressed Sensing Vs. Active Learning

Compressive sampling (CS), or compressed sensing, has generated a tremendous amount of excitement in the signal processing community. Compressive sampling, which involves non-traditional samples in the form of randomized projections, can capture most of the salient information in a signal with a relatively small number of samples, often far fewer samples than required using traditional sampling schemes. Adaptive sampling (AS), also called active learning, uses information gleaned from previous observations (e.g., feedback) to focus the sampling process. Theoretical and experimental results have shown that adaptive sampling can dramatically outperform conventional (non-adaptive) sampling schemes. This paper compares the theoretical performance of compressive and adaptive sampling in noisy conditions, and it is shown that for certain classes of piecewise constant signals and high SNR regimes both CS and AS are near-optimal. This result is remarkable since it is the first evidence that shows that compressive sampling, which is non-adaptive, cannot be significantly outperformed by any other method (including adaptive sampling procedures), even in presence of noise
Harmonics co-occurrences bootstrap pitch and tonality perception in music : Evidence from a statistical unsupervised learning model

The ability to extract meaningful relationships from sequences is crucial to many aspects of perception and cognition, such as speech and music. This paper explores how leading computational techniques may be used to model how humans learn abstract musical relationships, namely, tonality and octave equivalence. Rather than hard-coding musical rules, this model uses an unsupervised learning approach to glean tonal relationships from a musical corpus. We develop and test a novel input representation technique, using a perceptually-inspired harmonics-based representation, to bootstrap the model’s learning of tonal structure. The results are compared with behavioral data from listeners’ performance on a standard music perception task: the model effectively encodes tonal relationships from musical data, simulating expert performance on the listening task. Lastly, the results are contrasted with previous findings from a computational model that uses a more simple symbolic input representation of pitch.
The comparison between Intrauterine Insemination and Fallopian Tube Sperm Perfusion Using FAST®System in Patients with Unexplained Infertility

Background Controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) with intrauterine insemination (IUI) is commonly offered to infertile couples with patent fallopian tubes because it is simple, non-invasive and cost-effective technique. Another non-invasive method is fallopian tube sperm perfusion (FSP). This study was performed to compare the relative efficacy between FSP using fallopian sperm transfer (FAST) system and standard IUI in patients with unexplained infertility. Materials and Methods This prospective randomized study was conducted at the IVF Unit, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, from March 2011 to February 2012. A total of ninety patients with unexplained infertility underwent ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). Patients were then randomly assigned into either group I (n=45) to undergo standard IUI or group II (n=45) to undergo FSP using FAST system. Results The patients’ basic characteristics, including age, primary infertility and duration of infertility, were not significantly different between two study groups. In the group I, there were 9 pregnancies (a pregnancy rate per cycle of 20%), whereas in the group II, 8 pregnancies occurred (a pregnancy rate per cycle of 17.8%, p>0.05). Conclusion FSP using FAST system offers no advantage over the standard IUI in order to increase pregnancy rate in patients with unexplained infertility.
The Impact of Elements of Self-Defense and Objective Versus Subjective Instructions on Jurors' Verdicts for Battered Women Defendants

Battered woman defendants' claims of self-defense have often been viewed as not fitting the classic definition of self-defense. Vignettes of a legal case varied the explicitness of the threat made to the woman by her partner before she killed him, whether she had the opportunity to retreat, and objective versus subjective instructions by the judge. College students (N = 399) chose a verdict, identified variables that influenced their verdicts, and completed attitudinal measures. The opportunity for retreat increased the probability of a guilty verdict by 5 times. Objective juror instructions increased the odds of a guilty verdict by almost 2 times. Explicitness versus implicitness of the threat did not affect verdict choice nor did attitudes of mock jurors. Verdict choice was more influenced by details about the abuse than personal traits of the husband or wife or reports from authorities.
Is the date of birth an advantage/ally to excel in handball?

Sanchez-Rodriguez C, Grande I, Sampedro J, Rivilla-Garcia J. Is the date of birth an advantage/ally to excel in handball? J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol.8, No. Proc3, pp. S754-S760, 2013. The Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been analyzed in a population of Spanish international handball players (n=161) divided into four different levels: Senior, Junior, Juvenile and Promising Talents. The variables registered were quarter, half year and year of birth using the initial information of their date of birth. The data were collected from the Royal Spanish Handball Federation on-line data base. The statistical method used was the χ 2 and the minimum level of significance was set at p<0.05. The total results on distribution by quarter show a significant difference (χ 2 = 21.68; p<0.01) with a greater frequency of players born in the first quarter (40.37%) compared to those born in the second (22.36%), third (16.15%) and fourth quarter (21.12%). The total results on the distribution of birth date by half year show a significant difference (χ 2 = 10.44; p<0.01) with a greater frequency of players born in the first half of the year (62.73%). With regard to the rate of births registered in an even numbered or odd numbered year there are significant differences when the rates for an even numbered year (64.60%) and an odd numbered year (35.40%) are compared with those of the general population (χ 2 = 13.72; p<0.001). Based on the data collected and analyzed it can be concluded that there is a RAE in the basic categories of the Spanish national men’s handball teams according to quarter, half year and year of birth (even or odd numbered), but there exists little knowledge about the causes and consequence which may be produced by, or derive from, this effect. Key words: RELATIVE AGE EFFECT (RAE), TALENT, SELECTION, DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION, SPORT.
IL‐13 induced increases in nitrite levels are primarily driven by increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase as compared with effects on arginases in human primary bronchial epithelial cells

Background Exhaled nitric oxide is increased in asthma, but the mechanisms controlling its production, including the effects of T‐helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, are poorly understood. In mouse and submerged human epithelial cells, Th2 cytokines inhibit expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Arginases have been proposed to contribute to asthma pathogenesis by limiting the arginine substrate available to NOS enzymes, but expression of any of these enzymes has not been extensively studied in primary human cells.
Conversation analysis and psychoanalysis: Interpretation, affect, and intersubjectivity

In this chapter, I will use conversation analysis to explore some themes that are central in the clinical theory and practice of psychoanalysis. These themes include interpretation (which is a central theme in classical psychoanalytic theory), and affect and intersubjectivity (which are central themes in some contemporary psychoanalytic discussions). I will discuss these themes using two kinds of empirical material: clinical notes arising from my own psychoanalytic practice, and transcribed materials coming from a corpus of fifty-eight tape recorded psychoanalytic sessions collected by Sanna Vehvilainen and myself. Clinical notes involve the traditional method of representing interaction in psychoanalysis. The aim of the chapter is to show how the conversation analysis of tape recorded material can radically expand our understanding of the key practices of psychoanalysis. In theoretical and methodological terms, this chapter draws upon the idea of “professional stocks of interactional knowledge” (SIKs). We (Perakyla & Vehvilainen, 2003) have proposed that professions dealing with clients have their specific stocks of knowledge which describe and prescribe the professional interactions. We suggested that conversation analysis should enter into dialogue with such SIKs; this chapter is one effort towards such a dialogue (see also Forrester & Reason, 2006). I should acknowledge my specific position in relation to psychoanalysis and conversation analysis. For nearly twenty years, I have been involved in doing conversation analytic research on therapeutic and medical encounters. Since 2003, I have been involved in psychoanalytic training organized by The Finnish Psychoanalytic Association.
Susceptible and Protective Associations of HLA Alleles and Haplotypes with Cervical Cancer in South India.

BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been implicated in cervical cancer in several populations. OBJECTIVES To study the predispositions of HLA alleles/haplotypes with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinically diagnosed and PAP smear confirmed cervical cancer patients (n 48) and age matched controls (n 47) were genotyped for HLA-A,-B,-DRB1* and DQB1* alleles by PCR-SSP methods. RESULTS The frequencies of alleles DRB1*04 (OR=2.57), DRB1*15 (OR=2.04), DQB1*0301 (OR=4.91), DQB1*0601 (OR=2.21), B*15 (OR=13.03) and B*07 (OR=6.23) were higher in cervical cancer patients than in the controls. The frequencies of alleles DRB1*10 (OR=0.22) and B*35 (OR=0.19) were decreased. Strong disease associations were observed for haplotypes DRB1*15-DQB1*0601 (OR=6.56; < 3.5.10-4), DRB1*14-DQB1*0501 (OR=6.51; <0.039) and A*11-B*07 (OR=3.95; <0.005). The reduced frequencies of haplotypes DRB1*10-DQB1*0501 (OR=0.45), A*03-B*35 (OR=0.25) and A*11-B*35 (OR= 0.06) among patients suggested a protective association. HLA-C* typing of 8 patients who possessed a unique three locus haplotype 'A*11-B*07-DRB1*04' (8/48; 16.66%; OR=6.51; <0.039) revealed the presence of a four locus haplotype 'A*11-B*07-C*01-DRB1*04' in patients (4/8; 50%). Amino acid variation analysis of susceptible allele DQB1*0601 suggested 'tyrosine' at positions β9 and β37 and tyrosine-non-tyrosine genotype combination increased the risk of cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS Strong susceptible associations were documented for HLA alleles B*15, B*07, DRB1*04, DRB1*15, DQB1*0301, DQB1*0601 and haplotypes DRB1*15-DQB1*0601 and DRB1*14-DQB1*0501. Further, protective associations were evidenced for alleles B*35 and DRB1*10 and haplotypes A*11-B*35 and DRB1*10-DQB1*0501 with cervical cancer in South India.
Towards pattern-based mixed-initiative dungeon generation

Mixed-initiative Procedural Content Generation uses algorithms to assist human designers in the collaborative creation of game content. Different mixed-initiative approaches use different methods to engage with the design material while supporting the designer's intentions. However, the designer runs the risk of misunderstanding the system's abilities and how to control them. In order to limit miscommunication during the design process, heuristics could be applied. In this paper we present a mixed-initiative tool for evolving dungeons with the aid of game design patterns as heuristics. The tool, the Evolutionary Dungeon Designer, uses a genetic algorithm that searches for levels containing game design patterns on two hierarchical levels of abstraction to express more complex gameplay in the game level. We evaluate the tool through a series of lab experiments and a user study conducted with professional game developers. Our results demonstrate that we are able to control the generation of the different patterns with the aid of design pattern-related input parameters, as well as identifying a number of features a design pattern-based mixed-initiative tool could benefit from.
Inhibition of α-Amylases by Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins: Focus on Kinetics and Hypoglycemic Actions

The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro inhibitory effects on the salivary and pancreatic α-amylases and the in vivo hypoglycemic actions of the hydrolysable tannin from Chinese natural gall and the condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The human salivary α-amylase was more strongly inhibited by the hydrolysable than by the condensed tannin, with the concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) being 47.0 and 285.4 μM, respectively. The inhibitory capacities of both tannins on the pancreatic α-amylase were also different, with IC50 values being 141.1 μM for the hydrolysable tannin and 248.1 μM for the condensed tannin. The kinetics of the inhibition presented complex patterns in that for both inhibitors more than one molecule can bind simultaneously to either the free enzyme of the substrate-complexed enzyme (parabolic mixed inhibition). Both tannins were able to inhibit the intestinal starch absorption. Inhibition by the hydrolysable tannin was concentration-dependent, with 53% inhibition at the dose of 58.8 μmol/kg and 88% inhibition at the dose of 294 μmol/kg. For the condensed tannin, inhibition was not substantially different for doses between 124.4 μmol/kg (49%) and 620 μmol/kg (57%). It can be concluded that both tannins, but especially the hydrolysable one, could be useful in controlling the postprandial glycemic levels in diabetes.
The Temporal Dynamics and Stability of Black Migration to the South , 1970-2000 : New Insights on Old Trends

The “New Great Migration” of blacks to the South was and continues to be one of the most important demographic shifts in recent U.S. history, and refers to a black net-migration reversal in the South from negative to positive in the 1970s for the first time since before the Great Migration of blacks out of the region in the early and middle parts of the twentieth century. While prior research has told the story of the New Great Migration with respect to the sizedimension of migration flows to the South, in this paper, we take a different approach and apply a temporal lens to consider whether more migration to the South resulted in more permanent migration with respect to the amount of time that blacks could ultimately be expected to live in the region. Motivated by conceptual and substantive debates on the inherently temporal nature of migration, we summarize the temporal dynamics and stability of black migration to the South by exploiting age patterns of region-to-region migration within and across four censuses from 1970 to 2000. We document a pronounced increase in the amount of time that blacks could be expected to live in the South beginning in the 1980s, one decade after the heralded turn-around of black net-migration, due to heightened in-migration at younger ages marking entry into the labor force. This increase was particularly pronounced for persons born in the South, a finding consistent with previous research on the importance of ties to “home” during the New Great Migration.
An Initial Assessment of the Convergent Validity of the Negative Symptom Rating Scale: The Relationship Between Behavioral Codings of Expressed Facial Affect and Clinical Ratings of Blunted Affect

Title of Document: AN INITIAL ASESSMENT OF THE CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE NEGATIVE SYMPTOM RATING SCALE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL CODINGS OF EXPRESSED FACIAL AFFECT AND CLINICAL RATINGS OF BLUNTED AFFECT Bryann Renee Baker, M.S., 2010 Directed By: Professor Jack J. Blanchard, Department of Psychology Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that represents a significant public health burden. No treatments are FDA approved for negative symptoms of schizophrenia, primarily because there is no valid, reliable measure f or n gative symptoms. A new negative symptom measure, the Negative Symptom Rating Scale (NSRS), is in the initial phases of validation. The current study assesses t he convergent validity of the scale by examining the relationship between th NSRS and expressed facial affect. The study also sought to clarify the relati onship between expressed facial affect and functioning. The results revealed a signifi cant relationship between expressed facial affect and the NSRS subscale of blunted affect, as predicted. However, there was not a significant relationship between expressed facial a fect and functioning. These results provide initial evidence for the convergent validity of t he scale. Currently, there is an ongoing research study to further assess the reliability and validity of the NSRS. AN INITIAL ASESSMENT OF THE CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE NEGATIVE SYMPTOM RATING SCALE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL CODINGS OF EXPRESSED FACIAL AFFECT AND CLINICA L RATINGS OF BLUNTED AFFECT