Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Organization Structure

Five primary dimensions of organization structure were defined and operationalized; (1) specialization, (2) standardization, (3) formalization, (4) centralization, (5) configuration. From comparative data on these dimensions, in fifty-two different work organizations in Enriland, scales were constructed to measure sixty-four component variables. This made it possible to construct a profile characteristic of the structure of an organization and to compare it directly with that of other organizations. Principal-components analysis was used to help in the interpretation of intercorrelations among the scales. The resulting factors suggested four basic dimensions of structure, conceptualized as structuring of activities, concentration of authority, line control of workflow, and size of supportive component. This multifactor result was considered to demonstrate that the concept of the bureaucratic type is no longer useful. D. S. Pugh and D. J. Hickson are members of the Industrial Administration Unit, at the University of Aston in Birmingham, England. C. R. Hinings is at the University of Birmingham, and C. Turner is at the University of East Anglia.
The Genetic Correlation between Height and IQ: Shared Genes or Assortative Mating?

Traits that are attractive to the opposite sex are often positively correlated when scaled such that scores increase with attractiveness, and this correlation typically has a genetic component. Such traits can be genetically correlated due to genes that affect both traits (“pleiotropy”) and/or because assortative mating causes statistical correlations to develop between selected alleles across the traits (“gametic phase disequilibrium”). In this study, we modeled the covariation between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, their siblings, and their parents (total N = 7,905) to elucidate the nature of the correlation between two potentially sexually selected traits in humans: height and IQ. Unlike previous designs used to investigate the nature of the height–IQ correlation, the present design accounts for the effects of assortative mating and provides much less biased estimates of additive genetic, non-additive genetic, and shared environmental influences. Both traits were highly heritable, although there was greater evidence for non-additive genetic effects in males. After accounting for assortative mating, the correlation between height and IQ was found to be almost entirely genetic in nature. Model fits indicate that both pleiotropy and assortative mating contribute significantly and about equally to this genetic correlation.
Pay-Level Satisfaction and Psychological Reward Satisfaction as Mediators of the Organizational Justice-Turnover Intention Relationship

In this study, we examine whether satisfaction with two reward types (i.e., pay level and psychological rewards from the supervisor) mediates the relationships between organizational justice dimensions and turnover intention. Data collected from 322 teachers revealed that pay-level satisfaction does not mediate any of the relationships between organizational justice dimensions and turnover intention, whereas satisfaction with psychological reward from the supervisor does. Furthermore, only the direct relationship between the second-order factor procedural-interactional justice and turnover intention turned out to be significant. Study limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Screening tests for visual neglect following stroke

Abstract This study examined the incidence and implications of visual neglect in a group of elderly stroke patients. A consecutive series of 27 patients were assessed for visual neglect using four commonly administered tests at 15–20 days poststroke. Those who continued to show neglect were reassessed at 30, 60, and 90 days. Incidence of visual neglect at 15–20 days poststroke was found to be 48%. A decrease in the number of patients with neglect occurred up to 90 days poststroke. Significant correlations between performance on the tests provided evidence for their construct validity. There was no significant evidence for laterality of neglect. The most sensitive measure for detecting visual neglect was found to be the Star Cancellation test, which was the best predictor of functional outcome as assessed by an Activities of Daily Living scale. Overall, the results indicated that the Star Cancellation test was the most effective and functionally useful measure of visual neglect. It is also suggested that r.
Clinical characteristics classified by the serum KL-6 level in patients with organizing pneumonia.

BACKGROUND The serum Krebs von der Lungen-6 (KL-6) level is a useful marker correlated with the severity of various interstitial lung diseases. There have been few reports about the clinical characteristics of organizing pneumonia (OP) associated with the serum KL-6 levels. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine whether the serum KL-6 levels can help determine the optimal treatment for OP. DESIGNS Patients diagnosed with OP by clinical, radiological and histopathological findings were retrospectively reviewed. The OP patients were classified into two groups based on their serum KL-6 levels: normal KL-6 and high KL-6 groups. The two groups were compared with regard to their clinical and radiological data and therapeutic response one month after the start of treatment. RESULTS The clinical records of twenty-two patients diagnosed with OP were reviewed. The serum KL-6 level was elevated in 11 of the 22 patients. There were no obvious differences in the clinical data between the two groups, although patients in the normal KL-6 group tended to have a fever. There were no significant differences in the chest X-ray (CXR) score or computed tomography (CT) score between the two groups. The CXR scores were correlated with the serum KL-6 levels. At 1 month after the diagnosis, 11 patients who needed treatment with prednisolone were included in the high KL-6 group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with normal KL-6 levels showed lower CXR and CT scores. The serum KL-6 level on admission is a useful marker to judge the need for corticosteroid treatment in OP patients.
Clown-care reduces pain in children with cerebral palsy undergoing recurrent botulinum toxin injections- A quasi-randomized controlled crossover study

Objective We investigated the impact of clown-care on pain in 45 children with cerebral palsy who underwent recurrent Botulinum-toxin injections (age 7.04± 4.68 years). Participants were randomized to receive either clown (n = 20) or standard (n = 25) -care. Methods Pain Visual-Analogue-Scale (range 1–5) was reported before and after procedures. Pain assessment was lower for children undergoing Botulinum-toxin injections with clown-care (2.89± 1.36) compared to standard-care (3.85± 1.39; p = 0.036) even though pain anticipated prior to procedures was similar (~3). Findings Children who underwent the first procedure with clown-care reported lower pain even after they crossed-over to the following procedure which was standard (p = 0.048). Carryover effect was more prominent in injection-naïve children (p = 0.019) and during multiple procedures (p = 0.009). Prior pain experience correlated with pain in subsequent procedures only when first experience was standard-care (p = 0.001). Conclusions Clown-care alleviated pain sensation during Botulinum-toxin injections and initial clown-care experience reduced pain during subsequent injections even though clowns were not present. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov ID # NCT01377883.
Mood and memory under natural conditions: Evidence for mood incongruent recall.

Etude de l'effet de l'humeur sur la memoire dans des conditions naturelles. Tous les resultats ont tendance a montrer l'existence d'un rappel incongruent avec l'humeur, a savoir que les sujets de bonne humeur ont tendance a se rappeler plus d'elements negatifs que les sujets de mauvaise humeur
Global investigation of protein–protein interactions in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using re-occurring short polypeptide sequences

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) maps provide insight into cellular biology and have received considerable attention in the post-genomic era. While large-scale experimental approaches have generated large collections of experimentally determined PPIs, technical limitations preclude certain PPIs from detection. Recently, we demonstrated that yeast PPIs can be computationally predicted using re-occurring short polypeptide sequences between known interacting protein pairs. However, the computational requirements and low specificity made this method unsuitable for large-scale investigations. Here, we report an improved approach, which exhibits a specificity of ∼99.95% and executes 16 000 times faster. Importantly, we report the first all-to-all sequence-based computational screen of PPIs in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which we identify 29 589 high confidence interactions of ∼2 × 107 possible pairs. Of these, 14 438 PPIs have not been previously reported and may represent novel interactions. In particular, these results reveal a richer set of membrane protein interactions, not readily amenable to experimental investigations. From the novel PPIs, a novel putative protein complex comprised largely of membrane proteins was revealed. In addition, two novel gene functions were predicted and experimentally confirmed to affect the efficiency of non-homologous end-joining, providing further support for the usefulness of the identified PPIs in biological investigations.
Stimulation of the Facial Nerve by Intracochlear Electrodes in Otosclerosis: A Computer Modeling Study

Hypothesis: The increased likelihood of facial nerve stimulation (FNS) with cochlear implantation in advanced cochlear otosclerosis is due to a lowering of the facial nerve excitation threshold with increasing bone demineralization. Background: Facial nerve stimulation can complicate cochlear implant fitting, often necessitating the deactivation of certain electrode contacts. Methods: High-resolution computed tomographic scans were used to estimate anatomic features of the cochlea and the facial nerve canal. These features were added to a detailed computational model of the implanted human cochlea to examine the consequences of increased conductivity of the bone of the otic capsule. The model took into account the electrode contact type (banded or otherwise) and position (perimodiolar or lateral wall) of the electrode array. Results: Contrary to the hypothesis, facial nerve thresholds were found to be slightly elevated with increased conductivity of the surrounding bone. However, the threshold and most comfortable loudness levels of the auditory nerve increase more rapidly owing to the reduced current density in the scala tympani as current leaks more easily out of the cochlea. Lateral wall electrodes were predicted to result in an increased likelihood of FNS. A progressively reduced probability of FNS was indicated for the full-band, half-band, and plated electrode arrays, respectively. Conclusion: The clinical observation of increased FNS in cases of cochlear otosclerosis has been demonstrated in a computational model. Rather than decreased FN threshold, it is the increased levels for cochlear stimulation that is the main factor. Particularly, perimodiolar designs with more shielding against lateral spread of current could reduce the likelihood of FNS.
Measuring social behaviour as an indicator of experience

This paper explores and evaluates two techniques that measure aspects of social behaviour as an indicator of experience. The rationale driving the work is the idea that experience is entwined with social interaction and so, while experience itself is difficult to quantify, we might tap into it by measuring aspects of conversation that are related to it. Two techniques are considered as possible ways of doing this: (i) process measures of social behaviour derived from video analysis and (ii) thin-slice ratings ascribed by naïve judges. Regarding (i), process measures of conversational equality, freedom and number of turns are shown to be reliable, sensitive and linked to unfolding experience. Regarding (ii), a Thin Slice Enjoyment Scale is developed and shown to be a reliable and less time-consuming, but also less sensitive, alternative to the process measures. Both methods are of interest to researchers and practitioners who would wish to assess user experience in a group context. Additionally, analysis of the process measures is of broader relevance to researchers who conduct quantitative analyses of talk.
Orçamento familiar e gênero: percepções do Programa Bolsa Família

O estudo apresenta os resultados de uma investigacao etnografica realizada entre os participantes do Programa Bolsa Familia no municipio de Campinas, Estado de Sao Paulo. A analise parte de percepcao, presente na fala dos entrevistados, de que o “Bolsa Familia ajuda”. O objetivo e compreender os sentidos do termo “ajuda” em dois momentos: como viver numa localidade como Campinas interfere na forma de as pessoas avaliarem o programa; e como o termo “ajuda” denota uma incorporacao simbolica permeada pelas relacoes de genero desse dinheiro pela familia.
Dyslexia Assessment of the Biscriptal Reader

This article discusses issues related to the assessment (and hence support) of the individual who shows difficulties in learning to read and write in different languages. Findings from studies performed in several countries and language contexts will be briefly reported as part of the discussion of literacy difficulties and to highlight some factors that must be considered in the development of appropriate assessment procedures. A framework for the assessment procedures used in these studies is presented, including limitations of the procedures. The article ends with a discussion of how such procedures can inform research as well as practice.
The Effects of Cultural Individualism and Self-Confidence on Propensity to Voice: From Theory to Measurement to Practice

This article examines the effects of cultural individualism on consumers’ propensity to voice and the mediating effects of self-confidence. The authors explore these relationships in the United States and South Korea to assess whether a consumer's culture, measured as an individual difference variable, is as an explanatory variable for propensity to voice in the context of dissatisfactory marketplace experiences. They find that individualism has a positive effect on propensity to voice at the pancountry and intracountry levels and that self-confidence fully mediates the relationship between individualism and propensity to voice. The results have important implications for understanding consumer complaining behavior for organizations that serve culturally diverse consumer groups.
The Lower Age Boundaries of Identity Development.

ARCHER, SALLY L. The Lower Age Boundaries of Identity Development. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1551-1556. Early and mid-adolescent males and females in the sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades were interviewed to document the lower age boundaries of ego identity development in the content areas of vocational choice, religious beliefs, political philosophies, and sex-role preferences. Frequency of the identity achievement status increased significantly with increase in grade level. The diffusion and foreclosure statuses were most evident at all grade levels. Frequency of identity status differed by content area with the majority of instances of identity achievement in the vocational choice and religious beliefs content areas, moratorium in vocational choice, foreclosure in sex-role preferences, and identity diffusion in political philosophies. Similar patterns of development were found for both sexes.
Intermediate School Students with Severe Disabilities

Abstract: We compared two approaches for supporting the social participation of students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms. Three students with severe disabilities were studied in four different general education classrooms. Dependent measures included the Kennedy active engagement of students with severe disabilities and their nondisabled peers and the social interactions that peers had with the students. We compared direct assistance from a special education instructional aide with peer support supervised by a special education instructional aide. Our results indicate that the peer support program produced more frequent and longer social interactions for all three students. Also, peers without disabilities demonstrated a more frequent and greater variety of social support behaviors to students with disabilities. Some improvements in the active engagement of students with disabilities and their peers were observed in the peer support condition. Our results suggest that peer support may be preferred to direct support by an instructional aide for students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms.
Sex-ratio biasing towards daughters among lower-ranking co-wives in Rwanda

There is considerable debate as to whether human females bias the sex ratio of their offspring as a function of their own condition. We apply the Trivers–Willard prediction—that mothers in poor condition will overproduce daughters—to a novel measure of condition, namely wife rank within a polygynous marriage. Using a large-scale sample of over 95 000 Rwandan mothers, we show that lower-ranking polygynous wives do indeed have significantly more daughters than higher-ranking polygynous wives and monogamously married women. This effect remains when controlling for potential confounds such as maternal age. We discuss these results in reference to previous work on sex-ratio adjustment in humans.
An ERP study on the time course of emotional face processing

Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we investigated the time course of facial expression processing in human subjects watching photographs of fearful and neutral faces. Upright fearful faces elicited a frontocentral positivity within 120 ms after stimulus presentation, which was followed by a broadly distributed sustained positivity beyond 250 ms post-stimulus. Emotional expression effects were delayed and attenuated when faces were inverted. In contrast, the face-specific N170 component was completely unaffected by facial expression. We conclude that emotional expression analysis and the structural encoding of faces are parallel processes. Early emotional ERP modulations may reflect the rapid activation of prefrontal areas involved in the analysis of facial expression.
‘Is it okay to eat a dog in Korea…like China?’ Assumptions of national food-eating practices in intercultural interaction

Abstract There is a small body of research which shows how intercultural communication is constituted in and through talk-in-interaction, and can be made relevant or irrelevant by interactants on a moment-by-moment basis. Our paper builds on this literature by investigating how cultural assumptions of national food-eating practices are deployed, contested and co-constructed in an online, voice-based chat room. Using conversation analysis, findings show how assumptions about cultural practices sequentially unfold in a setting where the interactants are strangers. Additionally, we show how assumptions about cultural practices can be used for rhetorical purposes, and can be treated as simple and complex in a single exchange.
Attendance Regularity of Adult Learners: an Examination of Content and Structural Factors

This exploratory study investigated attendance regularity of adult learners enrolled in the Chinese University extramural courses from the perspective of content and structural processes. Corre lational analysis of questionnaire data revealed that degree of course understanding, need-fulfillment, approachability of the instructor, and amount of informal and formal interaction were all positively and significantly related to attendance rate whereas sociability of classmates and attendance rate were negatively and significantly related. F-tests from step-wise multiple linear regres sion analysis indicated that none of these factors made any special contribution in explaining attendance, though their relative shares could still be detected.
Construct Validity of Three Self-Report Measures of Creativity

Relationships were examined among two measures of creativity level, the CPI Creativity Scale (CPI-CT) and the MBTI Creativity Index (MBTI-CI), and a measure of creativity style, the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI). Scores on these scales from various managerial samples were used in the analyses. With sample sizes ranging from 431 to 12,115, significant intercorrelations were found among the three measures. Contrary to expectations, KAI scores were related to creativity levels as measured by the CPI-CT and the MBTI-CI. Additionally, gender was found to account for little variance in MBTI-CI scores.
Proximity to Disease and Perception of Utility: Physicians' vs Patients' Assessment of Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis

BACKGROUND: Physician values regarding the benefit of continued medical therapy vs colectomy for moderate ulcerative colitis have not been defined. If physicians perceive these states differently than patients, their therapeutic recommendations may not align with patient values. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare physician and patient willingness to trade life years with moderately active ulcerative colitis vs undergoing colectomy. DESIGN: This survey of physicians' and patients' utility values used standardized scenarios for moderately active ulcerative colitis and colectomy. SETTING: The investigation was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: Gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, and patients with ulcerative colitis who were either living with moderate disease or were postcolectomy completed the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Utility values were measured by the use of the time trade-off method. RESULTS: We surveyed 17 physicians, 150 postcolectomy patients, and 69 patients with moderate ulcerative colitis. Utility values for ulcerative colitis and colectomy states were (0.87, 0.95), (0.86, 0.92), and (0.91, 0.91). On average, physicians and postcolectomy patients assessed the utility of life with ulcerative colitis more poorly than the postcolectomy state. Patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis who had not undergone colectomy viewed both health states equally. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the physician subject sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Patients living with moderate ulcerative colitis value the pre- and postcolectomy states differently than physicians and postcolectomy patients. Recognizing the differences between their own and patients' values may help physicians to better counsel patients preoperatively. In addition, exposure to postcolectomy patients may help those with moderate disease who are weighing the comparative benefits of colectomy.
The memorability and security of passwords – some empirical results

There are many things that are ‘well known’ about passwords, such as that uers can’t remember strong passwords and that the passwords they can remember are easy to guess. However, there seems to be a distinct lack of research on the subject that would pass muster by the standards of applied psychology. Here we report a controlled trial in which, of four sample groups of about 100 first-year students, three were recruited to a formal experiment and of these two were given specific advice about password selection. The incidence of weak passwords was determined by cracking the password file, and the number of password resets was measured from system logs. We observed a number of phenomena which run counter to the established wisdom. For example, passwords based on mnemonic phrases are just as hard to crack as random passwords yet just as easy to remember as naive user selections.