Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical comparison of algorithms for network community detection

Detecting clusters or communities in large real-world graphs such as large social or information networks is a problem of considerable interest. In practice, one typically chooses an objective function that captures the intuition of a network cluster as set of nodes with better internal connectivity than external connectivity, and then one applies approximation algorithms or heuristics to extract sets of nodes that are related to the objective function and that "look like" good communities for the application of interest. In this paper, we explore a range of network community detection methods in order to compare them and to understand their relative performance and the systematic biases in the clusters they identify. We evaluate several common objective functions that are used to formalize the notion of a network community, and we examine several different classes of approximation algorithms that aim to optimize such objective functions. In addition, rather than simply fixing an objective and asking for an approximation to the best cluster of any size, we consider a size-resolved version of the optimization problem. Considering community quality as a function of its size provides a much finer lens with which to examine community detection algorithms, since objective functions and approximation algorithms often have non-obvious size-dependent behavior.
Quantum Cryptanalysis of NTRU

This paper explores some attacks that someone with a Quantum Computer may be able to perform against NTRUEncrypt, and in particular NTRUEncrypt as implemented by the publicly available library from Security Innovation. We show four attacks that an attacker with a Quantum Computer might be able to perform against encryption performed by this library. Two of these attacks recover the private key from the public key with less effort than expected; in one case taking advantage of how the published library is implemented, and the other, an academic attack that works against four of the parameter sets defined for NTRUEncrypt. In addition, we also show two attacks that are able to recover plaintext from the ciphertext and public key with less than expected effort. This has potential implications on the use of NTRU within TOR, as suggested by Whyte and Schanck[3]
Modeling Resource Management Problems with Activity-Oriented Petri Nets

This work presents a new methodology known as Activity-Oriented Petri Net (AOPN). AOPN is designed for modeling discrete systems where many activities compete for common system resources. AOPN let resource management issues to be handled by the underlying system in the background so that modelers can focus on modeling the activities, rather than on the resource management trivialities. By the AOPN methodology, allowing the resources managed by the underlying system provides much simpler models even for large and complex systems. Thus, the models become easy to understand, verify, and to conduct performance analysis. General Purpose Petri Net Simulator (GPenSIM) is a toolbox of functions that realizes AOPN methodology on MATLAB platform. In this work, the AOPN methodology and GPenSIM is described through a case study that involves modeling resource management for a software development project.
Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived.

Flourishing Under Fire: Resilience as a Prototype of Challenged Thriving-Carol Ryff and Burton Singer Turning Points as Opportunities for Personal Growth-Elaine Wethington Optimism and Flourishing-Chris Peterson and Edward Chang The Constructing of Meaning through Vital Engagement-Jeanne Nakamura and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Personal Goals, Life Meaning, and Virtue: Wellsprings of a Positive Life-Robert Emmons Toward a Positive Psychology of Relationships-Harry Reis and Shelly Gable Creativity and Genius-Vincent Cassandro and Dean Simonton Work, Play, and Eating On Making More of More Moments in Life-Amy Wrzesniewski, Paul Rozin, and Gwen Bennett Well-Being in the Workplace: A Review of the Gallup Studies-James Harter, Frank Schmidt, and Corey L. M. Keyes Doing Well by Doing Good: The Health Benefits of Community Participation-Jane Allyn Piliavin Wisdom: A Meta-Heuristic Guiding the Conduct of Life-Paul Baltes and Alexandra Freund Elevation and the Positive Psychology of Morality-Jonathan Haidt Complete Mental Health: An Agenda for the 21st Century-Corey L. M. Keyes
A requirement for cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in intermediate filament network assembly and organization

We present evidence that vimentin intermediate filament (IF) motility in vivo is associated with cytoplasmic dynein. Immunofluorescence reveals that subunits of dynein and dynactin are associated with all structural forms of vimentin in baby hamster kidney-21 cells. This relationship is also supported by the presence of numerous components of dynein and dynactin in IF-enriched cytoskeletal preparations. Overexpression of dynamitin biases IF motility toward the cell surface, leading to a perinuclear clearance of IFs and their redistribution to the cell surface. IF-enriched cytoskeletal preparations from dynamitin-overexpressing cells contain decreased amounts of dynein, actin-related protein-1, and p150Glued relative to controls. In contrast, the amount of dynamitin is unaltered in these preparations, indicating that it is involved in linking vimentin cargo to dynactin. The results demonstrate that dynein and dynactin are required for the normal organization of vimentin IF networks in vivo. These results together with those of previous studies also suggest that a balance among the microtubule (MT) minus and plus end–directed motors, cytoplasmic dynein, and kinesin are required for the assembly and maintenance of type III IF networks in interphase cells. Furthermore, these motors are to a large extent responsible for the long recognized relationships between vimentin IFs and MTs.
Native English Speakers in Urban Schools Components and Context : Exploring Sources of Reading Difficulties for Language Minority Learners and

Drawing on the cognitive and ecological domains within the componential model of reading, this longitudinal study explores heterogeneity in the sources of reading difficulties for language minority learners and native English speakers in urban schools. Students (N = 150) were followed from first through third grade and assessed annually on standardized English language and reading measures. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relative contributions of coderelated and linguistic comprehension skills in first and second grade to third grade reading comprehension. Linguistic comprehension and the interaction between linguistic comprehension and code-related skills each explained substantial variation in reading comprehension. Among students with low reading comprehension, more than 80% demonstrated weaknesses in linguistic comprehension alone, whereas approximately 15% demonstrated weaknesses in both linguistic comprehension and code-related skills. Results were remarkably similar for the language minority learners and native English speakers, suggesting the importance of their shared socioeconomic backgrounds and schooling contexts.
Stereotype Threat in Applied Selection Settings: A Commentary

This commentary attempts to put the studies in this special issue in context. First, prior work by industrial-organizational psychologists on stereotype threat (ST) is briefly described. Second, the features differentiating the studies in this special issue from prior work on ST are outlined, and possible explanations for differences between the findings in these studies and prior work are discussed. Third, several methodological features of the studies in this issue are emphasized with the goal of influencing subsequent work on this topic. Finally, difficulties in using the ST experimental paradigm in applied settings are outlined, and possible strategies for examining threat in applied settings are examined.
Route of Delivery as a Risk Factor for Emergent Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Case–Control Study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether cesarean delivery is a risk factor for emergent postpartum hysterectomy. METHODS We performed a case–control study of patients who delivered at Women & Infants Hospital between January 1989 and February 2000. Fifty cases of emergent postpartum hysterectomy performed within 14 days of delivery met our inclusion criteria. Using a computer-generated list, two patients admitted to the labor department at a time point similar to that of each case patient were selected as controls (n = 100). We reviewed medical records for demographic data, route of delivery, labor characteristics, surgical history, and indication for hysterectomy. Cases and controls were compared, and logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of delivery route and emergent hysterectomy. RESULTS Cesarean delivery was associated with a 13-fold increased risk of emergent hysterectomy when we controlled for previous cesarean delivery, dilation and curettage or abortion before the index pregnancy, use of prostaglandin, and use of pitocin (OR 12.9; 95% CI 5.2, 32.3). CONCLUSION Cesarean delivery is a significant risk factor for postpartum hysterectomy.
Breaking the barriers to successful refactoring

Refactoring is the process of changing the structure of code without changing its behavior. Refactoring can be semi-automated with tools, which should make it easier for programmers to refactor quickly and correctly. However, we have observed that many tools do a poor job of communicating errors triggered by the refactoring process and that programmers using them sometimes refactor slowly, conservatively, and incorrectly. In this paper we characterize problems with current refactoring tools, demonstrate three new tools to assist in refactoring, and report on a user study that compares these new tools against existing tools. The results of the study show that speed, accuracy, and user satisfaction can be significantly increased. From the new tools we induce a set of usability recommendations that we hope will help inspire a new generation of programmer-friendly refactoring tools.
Language choices and ‘blind shadows’: investigating interviews with Chinese participants

This article shows the importance of the language chosen for research interviewing when more than one language could be used. It does so through the context of research with Chinese speakers published in English. The article has two research aims: first, to investigate research reports regarding how they deal with the issue of language choice. Second, it presents and discusses the procedure and results of seven pairs of interviews with Chinese interviewees, in order to investigate empirically the issue of language choice. The first interviews were conducted in English (by a native speaker of English); second, ‘blind shadow’ interviews were then conducted in Chinese (by a native speaker of Chinese) using Chinese translations of the same questions with the same participants. Results show numerous differences in the quality of the data obtained depending upon the choice of language for interviewing. These results arguably apply to languages other than Chinese; this is indicated within a framework of scenarios for language choices for research interviewing, and through recommendations for researchers.
Score‐based immunoglobulin G therapy of patients with sepsis: The SBITS study *

Objective: Intravenous immunoglobulin as an adjunctive treatment in sepsis was regarded as promising by a Cochrane meta‐analysis of smaller trials. In this phase III multicenter trial, we assessed whether intravenous immunoglobulin G (ivIgG) reduced 28‐day mortality and improved morbidity in patients with score‐defined severe sepsis. Design: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial. Setting: Twenty‐three medical and surgical intensive care units in university centers and large teaching hospitals. Patients: Patients (n = 653) with score‐defined sepsis (sepsis score 12–27) and score‐defined sepsis‐induced severity of disease (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 20–35). Interventions: Patients were assigned to receive either placebo or ivIgG (day 0, 0.6 g/kg body weight; day 1, 0.3 g/kg body weight). Measurements and Main Results: The prospectively defined primary end point was death from any cause after 28 days. Prospectively defined secondary end points were 7‐day all‐cause mortality, short‐term change in morbidity, and pulmonary function at day 4. Six hundred fifty‐three patients from 23 active centers formed the intention‐to‐treat group, 624 patients the per‐protocol group (placebo group, n = 303; ivIgG group, n = 321). The 28‐day mortality rate was 37.3% in the placebo group and 39.3% in the ivIgG group and thus not significantly different (p = .6695). Seven‐day mortality was not reduced, and 4‐day pulmonary function was not improved. Drug‐related adverse events were rare in both groups. Exploratory findings revealed a 3‐day shortening of mechanical ventilation in the surviving patients and no effect of ivIgG on plasma levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II. Conclusions: In patients with score‐defined severe sepsis, ivIgG with a total dose of 0.9 g/kg body weight does not reduce mortality.
English naming and code-mixing in Thai mass media

This paper examines the increasing role of English in the modern day mass media of Thailand, and the rapid increase in the use of English names and code-mixing since the turn of the century. It provides a description of the present day phenomena of English naming and code-mixing in both the broadcast and print media of Thailand. The paper also provides an assessment of the impact of English, which explains the adoption of English names or English-Thai hybrids, and the assimilation of Western cultural dimensions by the indigenous population of Thailand, who use English as a foreign language. The intended audience of the mass media in this study are Thais. The data supports knowledge about the widespread use of English among users in the Expanding Circle, and about world Englishes as mixed codes that are used among people who share a common language, other than English, for their intranational communication.
Spatial Distribution of Warm Dust in Early-Type Galaxies

Images taken with the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope show that the spatial distribution of warm dust emission in lenticular galaxies is often organized into dynamically stable structures strongly resembling spiral arms. These galaxies have bulge-to-disk ratios and colors for their stellar content that are appropriate for their morphological classification. Two of the three galaxies with warm dust detected at 8.0 μm also show far-IR emission expected from that dust. More importantly, the [5.8]-[8.0] color of the dust emission matches the colors found for late-type, star-forming galaxies, as well as theoretical predictions for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission from dust grains. The spatially resolved dust structures may be powerful indicators of the evolutionary history of the lenticular class of galaxies, either as a tracer of ongoing quiescent star formation or as a fossil record of a previous episode of more active star formation.
Toward Predicting Prosocial Behavior: Music Preference and Empathy Differences Between Adolescents and Adults

Empathy plays a role in social competence and intelligence, and can serve as a buffer against antisocial tendencies. Numerous studies highlight the relationship between empathy, prosocial behaviors, and the predictive utility of music preferences. This study examined participant differences in music preferences and empathy as a function of age, and whether preferred music genre predicted empathy (as a correlate to prosocial behavior). A new measure was devised to assess music preferences more accurately (i.e. with better face/construct validity) than existing measures. The Basic Empathy Scale measured empathy as a multidimensional construct. Younger participants exhibited greater empathy than older ones. Each music preference factor contributed uniquely to empathy variance in multiple regression models. Younger and older participants differed on music preferences (arguably associated with age-related sociocultural influences). Conclusions were drawn regarding the age differences in empathy and music preferences, the systematically greater influences of music preferences on cognitive compared to affective empathy, and the greater associations with empathy of specific music preferences. Limitations and implications for government policy and further research are discussed.
Human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical donor-derived cytokine-induced killer cells are safe and prolong the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of administering cytokine-induced killer cells (termed allogeneic CIKs), obtained from the blood of the offspring of patients, for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Symptoms, signs and laboratory assessment results for 303 cancer patients were collected prior to and following treatment with autologous or allogeneic CIKs. In addition, 54 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled and divided into allogeneic CIK and optimal support groups (n=27 per group) according to gender, age, Karnofsky performance status score, TNM stage and histological type. In addition, overall survival (OS) was compared between the two groups. A total of 303 patients were treated with CIKs for 647 cycles, with 308 and 339 cycles in the autologous and allogeneic CIK groups, respectively. The mean number of CIKs in the autologous and allogeneic groups was 2.11±0.32×1010 and 2.29±0.36×1010, respectively, with no marked differences identified between the two groups (t=1.147; P>0.05). The predominant adverse events included insomnia, fever, nausea, vomiting and mild abdominal pain, which were found, respectively, in nine (6.8%), eight (6.0%), two (1.5%) and one (0.8%) patients receiving autologous CIKs and 11 (6.5%), 10 (5.9%), one (0.6%) and one (0.6%) patients receiving allogeneic CIKs, with no marked differences identified between the two groups (P>0.05). Adverse events were not associated with cell count, frequency or duration of treatment. Following CIK treatment, the outcomes of routine blood tests, and liver and kidney function tests, as well as immune function and electrocardiogram examinations remained unchanged (P>0.05). The median OS was 11.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.6–13.4 months) and 8.0 months (95% CI, 5.3–10.7 months) for NSCLC patients receiving allogeneic CIKs and optimal support, respectively; a statistically significant difference was identified (χ2=5.618; P=0.018). The present study demonstrated that CIKs from human leukocyte antigen haploidentical donors are safe and prolong the survival of NSCLC patients.
Body Objectification, Social Pressure, and Disordered Eating Behavior in College Women: The Role of Sorority Membership

Social pressure to conform to the thin ideal is believed to play a decisive role in the development of eating disorders. In this field study at a college with only sophomore rush, 99 sorority women, 80 nonsorority women past their first year, and 86 first-year women completed three subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (Garner, 1991), the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996), and a measure of peer social pressure. It was hypothesized that women belonging to sororities as well as those who intended to join would score higher than nonsorority and first-year women with no intention to join on these measures of disordered eating, body objectification, and social pressure. It also was predicted that the amount of time spent living in a sorority house as well as degree of social pressure would correlate positively with higher scores on body objectification and disordered eating. Results supported nearly all hypotheses, suggesting both that sororities attract at-risk women and that living in a sorority house is associated with increased likelihood of disordered eating.
Active Learning for Word Sense Disambiguation with Methods for Addressing the Class Imbalance Problem

In this paper, we analyze the effect of resampling techniques, including undersampling and over-sampling used in active learning for word sense disambiguation (WSD). Experimental results show that under-sampling causes negative effects on active learning, but over-sampling is a relatively good choice. To alleviate the withinclass imbalance problem of over-sampling, we propose a bootstrap-based oversampling (BootOS) method that works better than ordinary over-sampling in active learning for WSD. Finally, we investigate when to stop active learning, and adopt two strategies, max-confidence and min-error, as stopping conditions for active learning. According to experimental results, we suggest a prediction solution by considering max-confidence as the upper bound and min-error as the lower bound for stopping conditions.
Cultural self-construction and identity formation in emerging adulthood: a study on Japanese university students and workers

Cultural pathways of identity formation have been largely unexplored. In many Asian cultures, youth are expected to concentrate on adaptation to their groups or relationships rather than pursuing their own uniqueness. Then, how do they develop a sense of identity while considering groups or relationships to be important? The purposes of this study were (a) to examine relationships between cultural self-construction (i.e. independence and interdependence) and identity processes (i.e. commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in both societal and relational domains, and (b) to analyze the relationships of self-construction and identity processes with well-being, using a sample of Japanese emerging adults (i.e. university students and workers) aged 18–25 years. The findings indicated that relational identity was related to both independence and interdependence, whereas societal identity was mainly related to independence. Moreover, independence and identity in both societal and relational domains was positively related to well-being. Furthermore, the patterns of relationships among self-construction, identity, and well-being were found to be similar between university students and workers. These findings imply that while Japanese emerging adults have developmental needs to express one's own uniqueness, they are also directed to form a sense of identity emphasizing the maintenance of harmonious relationships with others.
Relation between stress and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in adolescents.

The psychophysiologic theory proposes that stress can precipitate craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and that stress correlates more strongly to disorders of the masticatory muscles than to temporomandibular joint disorders. Empirical reports show only low correlations between emotional stress and CMD signs and symptoms, and that some of them might be spurious. In the present study this correlation was assessed in 417 adolescents from 11 to 16 years old. Data from the clinical examination were used to construct two indices: 1) The number of muscles sites tender to palpation, and 2) signs from the joint and restricted movement. Results show that global stress was only significantly correlated with the muscle index (r = .20), but not with the other index. Only the multiple regression analyses regarding muscle disorders had a significant beta weight of global stress that remained significant when controlling for the intervening variables age, gender and psychosomatic symptoms. The pattern of the stress-specific and unspecific CMD signs was consistent with the postulated stress model. Since there are positive results with regard to the stress model in patient samples and in this unselected sample of adolescents, further research is indicated, including the concept of somatization more explicitly.