Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid Profile and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a Prospective Cohort of Very Preterm Subjects at Age 19 Years: Effects of Early Growth and Current Body Composition

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with prenatal and infancy growth. However, the relative importance of these time periods for the CVD risk is uncertain. To elucidate this, we tested in a very preterm cohort the effects of birth weight for gestational age and weight gain between birth and 3 mo post-term (early postnatal weight gain) and between 3 mo and 1 y post-term (late infancy weight gain) on the lipid profile and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at age 19 y. A less favorable lipid profile was strongly associated with higher current body mass index (BMI), greater waist circumference, and greater absolute fat mass. CIMT was positively associated with current height, and with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ApoB/apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) ratios. Lipid profile and CIMT were unrelated to gestational age, birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) and early postnatal weight gain. CIMT was positively associated with late infancy weight gain, but the relationship disappeared after correction for current height. Our findings in 19 y olds born very preterm argue for an effect of current body composition, rather than of early growth, on the CVD risk. Attempts to reduce the CVD risk in this specific population should focus on weight reduction in young adulthood rather than on optimizing the early growth pattern.
Modeling and circuit-based simulation of photovoltaic arrays

This paper presents an easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays. The method is used to obtain the parameters of the array model using information from the datasheet. The photovoltaic array model can be simulated with any circuit simulator. The equations of the model are presented in details and the model is validated with experimental data. Finally, simulation examples are presented. This paper is useful for power electronics designers and researchers who need an effective and straightforward way to model and simulate photovoltaic arrays.
Incidental Findings on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images

Background. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained widespread acceptance in dentistry for a variety of applications. Most dentists who are not radiologists/trained in radiology are generally not familiar with interpretation of anatomical structures and/or pathosis outside their area of primary interest, as often this was not within the scope of their training. Objectives. To assess that the number of incidental findings on a CBCT scan is high both within and outside of the primary area of interest, thereby emphasizing the importance of interpretation of all areas visualized on the scan. Materials and Methods. An oral and maxillofacial radiologist reviewed 1000 CBCT scans (382 males and 618 females) for findings both in- and outside the area of interest. Results. Of the 1000 subjects that were reviewed, 943 scans showed findings in the primary regions of interest and/or outside the regions of interest, and 76 different conditions were visualized in these scans both in and outside the areas of interest. Conclusion. From the wide scope of findings noted on these scans, it can be concluded that it is essential that a person trained in advanced interpretation techniques in radiology interprets cone beam computed tomography scans.
Evidence for a single origin of factor V Leiden

Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary blood clotting disorder so far identified, with an allele frequency of 4%. The low prevalence of the mutation outside of Europe suggests it occurred as a single event in the European founding population. In this study four polymorphisms have been identified defining different haplotypes in the exon 13 region of the factor V gene. One of these polymorphisms predicts a novel amino acid change, threonine to serine, in the B‐domain of factor V. Statistical evidence for a single origin of factor V Leiden is provided through the association of the mutation with a single exon 13 haplotype.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histologic Correlations

We have assessed 270 consecutive patients (age range 0.8–20 years) referred for endoscopic study because of abdominal pain during 32 months. Helicobacter pylori (HP) was detected by culture in 91 cases (33.7%). HP colonization increased significantly with age (p < 0.01). Nine patients <5 years of age were colonized by HP. A previous history of peptic ulcer disease in first-degree relatives was significantly more frequent in the HP-positive group (p < 0.001). The frequency of HP positiveness as related to diagnosis was: normal, 3.3%; non-active chronic gastritis, 100%; active chronic gastritis, 97.2%; gastric ulcer, 75%; and duodenal ulcer, 90.9% (p < 0.001). Endoscopic nodular antritis was a frequent (67%) and specific finding; this presence was associated with that of lymphoid follicles in the histopathological study. Signs of histological activity were observed in 55.9% of the HP-positive patients. The histological colonization by HP was assessed semiquantitatively, and a significantly greater HP colonization score was observed in patients with signs of histological activity (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between HP colonization score and histological score (rs = 0.574), with a significant association between the degree of HP colonization and the histologic categories (p < 0.001). The present study suggests a pathogenic role of HP in the development of gastroduodenal disease in children.
Group Perceptual Fraud Symptoms Differences: A Multi-Group Model Analysis

A series of multi-group assessments of the structural model produced evidence that collusion was perceived as being the highest risk factor of all. The results for the 122 non-auditor respondents, drawn from the justice institutions, indicated that the direct links from opportunity (for fraud), management (organisation) characteristics, and justice avoidance, to commission of fraud, were not significantly different from zero; although they were so in the case of the perceptions of the 122 practicing auditors. Awareness of these links could be of assistance to the accounting profession, audit organisations, police interrogators, fraud prosecutors, and other relevant parties when collaborating to detect, deter, investigate, and prosecute all forms of fraud. It is anticipated that the evidence from this empirical investigation could lead to the incorporation of these concepts into the Institute for Fraud Prevention (IFP) call for research proposals and to the revision of the fraud risk factors and auditing standards in both global and local contexts.
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza Virus, Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Reovirus, Avian Pneumovirus, Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus, and Avian Leukosis Virus in Nigerian Poultry

Abstract Eight poultry farms in Nigeria, including chickens from nine breeder, 14 broiler, 28 pullet, 11 layer, and three cockerel flocks, were tested for antibody seroprevalence to the following poultry viruses of potential economic importance: infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian reovirus, avian pneumovirus (APV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and avian leukosis virus (ALV). Serum samples were collected between 1999 and 2004 and were tested for antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Seroprevalence was very high for IBV (84%); intermediate for reovirus (41%), APV (40%), and ILTV (20%); and very low for ALV (<5%) antibodies. By commercial ELISA, the seroprevalence of antibodies against AIV was, in some flocks, up to 63%. However, more specific assays did not confirm AIV antibodies, indicating that all flocks tested were free of avian influenza antibodies. Birds seemed to be first infected by IBV (at about 7 wk of age), then by reovirus at 12 wk, before they became infected by APV (week 25) and ILTV (week 30). This is the first report of serological evidence of the above viruses in West Africa. Further studies are necessary to assess economic losses due to these avian viruses and the costs and benefits of countermeasures.
Quality assessment of the practice of focused antenatal care (FANC) in rural and urban primary health centres in Ekiti State

Objective: To ascertain that standard antenatal care (Focused antenatal care) is being received at the Primary Health Care level in urban and rural areas of Ekiti State and to determine the facilitating factors and challenges to the practice of FANC in urban and rural areas. Design: Cross sectional. Setting: Primary Health Centers Participants: Pregnant women and Heads of health facilities. Methods: Two hundred respondents each from urban and rural areas primary health centres were proportionately selected from 18 primary health centers using simple random sampling. Exit interviews were conducted using the antenatal care exit interview form of the Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment package. In-depth Interviews were conducted with the heads of selected facilities. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test and content analysis for indepth interview. Results: More respondents 58 (29.3%) from the urban areas had the minimum contents compared to 41 (20.7%) of the rural respondents (p state were received by a small proportion of the respondents, suggesting that focused antenatal care had not fully translated into quality service; one major challenge to the delivery of standard antenatal care was inadequate number of skilled health workers especially in the rural areas. The gap between quality and utilisation of antenatal in urban and rural areas is gradually being closed up; this success should be improved upon and maintained.
A review of pulmonary coagulopathy in acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia

Enhanced bronchoalveolar coagulation is a hallmark of many acute inflammatory lung diseases such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. Intervention with natural anticoagulants in these diseases has therefore become a topic of interest. Recently, new data on the role of pulmonary coagulation and inflammation has become available. The aim of this review is to summarize these findings. Furthermore, the results of anticoagulant therapeutic interventions in these disorders are discussed.
Characteristics of hip involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in Korea

Background/Aims To evaluate the clinical course of hip arthritis and the risk factors for hip joint replacement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated 488 AS patients at a single tertiary hospital. At baseline and the most recent visit to the outpatient clinic from the patients with hip arthritis in AS, radiographic hip arthritis was evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Hip Index (BASRI-h). Also the average of the hip joint space width (interbone distance) at three distinct sites between the acetabulum and femoral head was recorded. Results Among 488 patients with AS, 60 patients (12.3%) had hip arthritis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate were associated with hip involvement (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.02; p = 0.004). Long disease duration and advanced axial disease were associated with severe hip arthritis (3 ≥ BASRI-h) at baseline. BASRI-h and interbone distance did not significantly change in patients with hip involvement during the follow-up period of 81.4 ± 35.7 months. Five patients had hip joint replacement surgery during follow-up period. The body mass index (BMI) and BASRI-h at baseline were associated with joint replacement surgery (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.67; p = 0.049 and HR, 20.64; 95% CI, 2.39 to 178.11; p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Most of the patients with hip arthritis in AS showed no significant radiographic progression during the follow-up period. High BMI and advanced hip arthritis at baseline were associated with hip joint replacement surgery in patients with AS.
Static and dynamic evaluation of data dependence analysis

This paper discusses the effectiveness of several dependence tests in Perfect Benchmarks. The tests analyzed include the generalized greatest common divisor test, Banerjee's test and the Omega test. Two methods are applied. One uses only compile-time information for the analysis. The other uses information gathered during program execution. It is shown that, for the codes considered, the Omega test improved the accuracy of the analysis by only 1% when codes are analyzed statically. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis shows that the Omega test does not improve the detected inherent parallelism.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide regulation of glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor in differentiated rat myotubes

Glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the most potent trophic factor for motoneuron survival and neuromuscular junction formation. GDNF is upregulated in injured or denervated skeletal muscle and returns to normal levels following reinnervation. However, the mechanism by which GDNF is regulated in denervated muscle is not well understood. The nerve‐derived neurotransmitter calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is upregulated following neuromuscular injury and is subsequently released from motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction. CGRP also promotes nerve regeneration, but the mechanism is not well understood. The current study investigates whether this increase in CGRP regulates GDNF, thus playing a key role in promoting regeneration of injured nerves. This study demonstrates that CGRP increases GDNF secretion without affecting its transcription or translation. Rat L6 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and subsequently treated with CGRP. GDNF mRNA expression levels were quantified by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and secreted GDNF was quantified in the conditioned medium by ELISA. CGRP treatment increased secreted GDNF protein without altering GDNF mRNA levels. The translational inhibitor cycloheximide did not affect CGRP‐induced GDNF secreted protein levels, whereas the secretional inhibitor brefeldin A blocked the CGRP‐induced increase in GDNF. This study highlights the importance of injury‐induced upregulation of CGRP by exposing its ability to increase GDNF levels and demonstrates a secretional mechanism for regulation of this key regeneration‐promoting neurotrophic factor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment Duration is Associated with Functioning and Prognosis in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) persists through adolescence and adulthood, and 15-80% of the children diagnosed with ADHD continue to have the disorder into adulthood, depending on the diagnostic criteria used; however, these findings have mostly been derived from follow-up studies in North America. The longitudinal outcomes of ADHD children from non-Western countries, such as Turkey, and the prognostic differences between ADHD+Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and ADHD+Conduct Disorder (CD) cases require further exploration. Six years after an initial study of 18 months conducted between 2000 and 2002, we sought to evaluate 120 cases of ADHD with comorbid ODD or CD. Methods: The original sample included 120 ADHD + ODD/CD children, followed for 18 months during 2000-2002. We evaluated the last-known psychiatric status, academic achievement, substance use, and social functionality of 60 children who were interviewed six years earlier. The treatment duration was divided into three groups: less than 15 months, 15-45 months, and greater than 45 months. Results: In the initial study, we found that both combined treatment (parent training and stimulant treatment) and only stimulant treatment were effective in reducing ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms. Six years after the initial study, the ADHD treatment was found to be effective in many areas, including academic success (p
EVOLUTION OF THE UV EXCESS IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES

We examine the UV emission from luminous early-type galaxies as a function of redshift. We perform a stacking analysis using Galaxy Evolution Explorer images of galaxies in the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey Boötes field and examine the evolution in the UV colors of the average galaxy. Our sample, selected to have minimal ongoing star formation based on the optical to mid-IR spectral energy distributions of the galaxies, includes 1843 galaxies spanning the redshift range 0.05 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.65. We find evidence that the strength of the UV excess decreases, on average, with redshift, and our measurements also show moderate disagreement with previous models of the UV excess. Our results show little evolution in the shape of the UV continuum with redshift, consistent either with the binary model for the formation of extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars or with no evolution in EHB morphology with look-back time. However, the binary formation model predicts that the strength of the UV excess should also be relatively constant, in contradiction with our measured results. Finally, we see no significant influence of a galaxy's environment on the strength of its UV excess.
Implementation as Mutual Adaptation: Change in Classroom Organization

Publisher Summary This chapter presents classroom organization projects that provide particularly, clear illustration of the conditions and strategies that support mutual adaptation and thus, successful implementation. They are especially relevant to understanding the operational implications of the Change Agent study finding for policy and practice not only because mutual adaptation is intrinsic to change in classroom organization, but also because the question of institutional receptivity does not cloud the view of effective implementation strategies afforded by these projects. Overcoming the challenges and problems inherent to innovations in classroom organization contributes positively and significantly to their effective implementation. The amorphous yet highly complex nature of classroom organization projects tends to require or dictate an adaptive implementation strategy that permits goals and methods to be reassessed, refined, and made explicit during the course of implementation, and that fosters learning-by-doing.
Metabolic Fate of 18 F-FDG in Mice Bearing Either SCCVII Squamous Cell Carcinoma or C 3 H Mammary Carcinoma

Tumors often have an increased uptake of glucose and can be detected by PET imaging using 18F-FDG. 18F-FDG is converted to 18F-FDG-6-phosphate (18F-FDG-6-P), and the usual assumption is that 18F-FDG-6-P is not a substrate for subsequent enzymatic reactions and that tumor hot spots reflect trapping of 18F-FDG-6-P. We recently found, however, that in the pig liver, 18F-FDG is metabolized not only to 18F-FDG-6-P but also to the subsequent oxygenation product 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucononate (18F-FD-PG1). We therefore wished to characterize the metabolism of 18F-FDG in experimental tumors in mice. Methods: 18F-FDG was given intravenously to mice with either SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma or C3H mammary carcinoma grown on the back. 18F-Labeled metabolites were determined by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography in tumor tissue biopsies, in a time course of 180 min (12 mice of each tumor type), and in liver tissue biopsies 80 min after tracer injection (2 mice of each type). Results: After the tracer injection, not only 18F-FDG and 18F-FDG-6-P but also 18F-FD-PG1 and 2-18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-1,6-biphosphate were detected in both tumors, relatively more in SCCVII carcinoma than in C3H carcinoma. Both tumors accumulated radioactivity throughout the 180-min measurement period, 4-fold more in SCCVII carcinoma than in C3H carcinoma. At 80 min, the radioactivity was approximately 6 and 1.2 times higher in the respective tumors than in liver tissue. Conclusion: Our results agree with the general finding that most malignant tumor tissues accumulate significantly more 18Fradioactivity than do normal tissues, but our results do not support the concept that this increase is caused solely by accumulation of 18F-FDG-6-P. Furthermore, the rate of 18F-FDG metabolism was higher in SCCVII carcinoma than in C3H carcinoma.
An Exploratory Study of Mathematics Engagement of Secondary Students.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF MATHEMATICS ENGAGEMENT OF SECONDARY STUDENTS by Tracy Thomas Brown A large proportion of American students are not psychologically connected or engaged to what is occurring in their classes; in addition, they fail to take school seriously, have lost interest in school, and do not value or seek out success (Steinberg, Brown, & Dornbusch, 1996). In addition, the relationship in a mathematics classroom between schooling and engagement from the student’s perspective is not well known (Cothran & Ennis, 2000). The purpose of this study was to investigate engagement in order to describe students’ constructs of student engagement, their beliefs, attitudes, and values as they relate to engagement in secondary mathematics. Three broad questions guided this investigation: (a) What are students’ practices and beliefs concerning student engagement in the secondary mathematics classroom? (b) What are the patterns of engagement in the secondary mathematics classroom? (c) What are the interactions between the student in the secondary mathematics classroom and primary contexts that affect student engagement? Data were collected through behavioral observations, interviews, recent events, journals, and observer’s perceptions in this interpretive case study. Participants in this study were eleventhand twelfth-grade high school students who were recruited from a high school in a rural community in the southeast United States. Data from the transcriptions of observations, interviews, researcher’s journal, and students’ journals were analyzed using a constant comparative and pattern-matching method using a tentative codebook. The codebook included: (a) themes derived from the affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions of student engagement; (b) contexts that affect student engagement; (c) properties of attribution theory; (d) the processes and sources of self-efficacy; and (e) factors that researchers have found that affect student engagement. Themes for each participant emerged from the data. A cross-case analysis was conducted. The cross-case themes were (a) moods, feelings, and/or physical conditions; (b) effort; (c) behavioral engagement, including attentiveness and help-seeking skills; and (d) approach to instruction. Findings from this study show that there are specific student practices, behaviors, and patterns that affect engagement. This study provides specific descriptions of these practices, behaviors, and patterns with respect to the influences on student engagement. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF MATHEMATICS ENGAGEMENT OF SECONDARY STUDENTS by Tracy Thomas Brown
The effect of academics’ dress and gender on student perceptions of instructor approachability and likeability

This study sought to discover student perceptions of academics’ dress and gender and their impact on perceived instructor approachability and likeability. Three categories of dress were examined: casual, business casual and professional. The results of this study suggest students at career-arts institutions perceive female teachers as less approachable and less likeable than male teachers, and teachers in casual attire less likeable than teachers in business casual or professional attire. However, the results of the two-way ANOVA suggest there is no statistical significance in students’ perceptions of the approachability of teachers based upon attire, and no statistical significance in students’ perceptions of the approachability or likeability of teachers based upon attire and gender.