Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current integrated technique for insulation diagnosis of water-tree degraded cable

The diagnosis of insulation performance in the high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems has always attracted many researchers in the field of electrical engineering. New diagnostic technology and condition monitoring apparatus are of prime importance for HVAC and HVDC developments. In this study, we introduce a valuable technique called direct current integrated charge (DCIC-Q(t)) for determining the degradation of insulating materials by means of charge accumulation. This work demonstrates the typical results of full-size cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables by using this effective method. Firstly, we describe the basic measurement principle of DCIC-Q(t) technique and the evaluation details of the degradation. Then, the validity of this technique is confirmed by comparing with the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) results. The similar charge behaviors of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene are presented via the DCIC-Q(t) and PEA methods, which indicates the good availability of this technique. Three underground, full-size, 6.6-kV XLPE cables were diagnosed using the DCIC-Q(t) method. Two cables were degraded by water and electric stress for a different time under controlled conditions. The degradation extent can be evaluated easily by the charge accumulation from the DCIC-Q(t) results. Furthermore, based on the results of charge dynamics related to the applied voltage, the properties of the degraded cable by water tree are discussed.
Stripe order in the underdoped region of the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Numerics converging on stripes The Hubbard model (HM) describes the behavior of interacting particles on a lattice where the particles can hop from one lattice site to the next. Although it appears simple, solving the HM when the interactions are repulsive, the particles are fermions, and the temperature is low—all of which applies in the case of correlated electron systems—is computationally challenging. Two groups have tackled this important problem. Huang et al. studied a three-band version of the HM at finite temperature, whereas Zheng et al. used five complementary numerical methods that kept each other in check to discern the ground state of the HM. Both groups found evidence for stripes, or one-dimensional charge and/or spin density modulations. Science, this issue p. 1161, p. 1155 Multiple numerical methods are used to study the ground-state and finite-temperature solutions of the Hubbard model. Competing inhomogeneous orders are a central feature of correlated electron materials, including the high-temperature superconductors. The two-dimensional Hubbard model serves as the canonical microscopic physical model for such systems. Multiple orders have been proposed in the underdoped part of the phase diagram, which corresponds to a regime of maximum numerical difficulty. By combining the latest numerical methods in exhaustive simulations, we uncover the ordering in the underdoped ground state. We find a stripe order that has a highly compressible wavelength on an energy scale of a few kelvin, with wavelength fluctuations coupled to pairing order. The favored filled stripe order is different from that seen in real materials. Our results demonstrate the power of modern numerical methods to solve microscopic models, even in challenging settings.
Expression of Putative Immune Response Genes during Early Ontogeny in the Coral Acropora millepora

Background Corals, like many other marine invertebrates, lack a mature allorecognition system in early life history stages. Indeed, in early ontogeny, when corals acquire and establish associations with various surface microbiota and dinoflagellate endosymbionts, they do not efficiently distinguish between closely and distantly related individuals from the same population. However, very little is known about the molecular components that underpin allorecognition and immunity responses or how they change through early ontogeny in corals. Methodology/Principal Findings Patterns in the expression of four putative immune response genes (apextrin, complement C3, and two CELIII type lectin genes) were examined in juvenile colonies of Acropora millepora throughout a six-month post-settlement period using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Expression of a CELIII type lectin gene peaked in the fourth month for most of the coral juveniles sampled and was significantly higher at this time than at any other sampling time during the six months following settlement. The timing of this increase in expression levels of putative immune response genes may be linked to allorecognition maturation which occurs around this time in A.millepora. Alternatively, the increase may represent a response to immune challenges, such as would be involved in the recognition of symbionts (such as Symbiodinium spp. or bacteria) during winnowing processes as symbioses are fine-tuned. Conclusions/Significance Our data, although preliminary, are consistent with the hypothesis that lectins may play an important role in the maturation of allorecognition responses in corals. The co-expression of lectins with apextrin during development of coral juveniles also raises the possibility that these proteins, which are components of innate immunity in other invertebrates, may influence the innate immune systems of corals through a common pathway or system. However, further studies investigating the expression of these genes in alloimmune-challenged corals are needed to further clarify emerging evidence of a complex innate immunity system in corals.
Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation

A robot's appearance and behavior provide cues to the robot's abilities and propensities. We hypothesize that an appropriate match between a robot's social cues and its task improve the people's acceptance of and cooperation with the robot. In an experiment, people systematically preferred robots for jobs when the robot's humanlikeness matched the sociability required in those jobs. In two other experiments, people complied more with a robot whose demeanor matched the seriousness of the task.
Design-Oriented Analysis for Miller Compensation and Its Application to Multistage Amplifier Design

A design-oriented analysis (DOA) method is presented, which lends sufficient insights into various Miller compensation schemes. The method predicts the nondominant poles of the Miller-compensated amplifiers in an intuitive manner, and it serves as a good supplement to the conventional analysis. The usage of DOA is verified by the various design examples given in this paper. Guided by DOA, a multistage amplifier capable of driving a large-capacitive load (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with low power consumption is presented. This amplifier employs an active zero to extend its Miller loop bandwidth, thereby pushing the amplifier’s nondominant poles to high frequencies and achieving larger gain bandwidth (GBW). Fabricated in a 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, the amplifier achieves 1.18-MHz GBW and 59.6° phase margin when driving an 18-nF <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while consuming 69.6 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.2-V supply. The design shows improved figures-of-merit compared with the prior state-of-the-art Miller-compensated multistage amplifiers.
A Survey on Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Among Asthmatic Adults with Variable Total Immunoglobulin E levels in Tehran: An Office-Base Study

Background: Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is one of the most common primary antibody immunodeficiency diseases. The prevalence in Asia is lower than other areas. Asthma and allergic diseases are common among the SIgAD population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SIgAD among the adult asthmatic patients with variable immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum. Patients and methods: 507 asthmatic patients of various age and sex who sequentially enrolled in the outpatient respiratory clinic were selected. Asthma diagnosis was based on the pulmonologist’s diagnostic and ATS criteria. IgA and total IgE levels in serum were measured according to manufacturer’s recommended kits. Results: 64 (13%) subjects detected as SIgAD. Mean age recorded 34.5 ± 13.9 SD years. The patient included 57% male and 43% female, respectively. Allergic asthma recorded 40% (205) of the study population. Conclusion: The SIgAD was remarkably found among Iranian adults with asthma. However, its frequency was lower in allergic asthma in comparison to the non-allergic subset. Additionally, the number of SIgAD subjects declined with increasing age. Detection of SIgAD among the asthmatic population may be effective in reducing complications.
EVALUATION OF ERYTHROCYTE GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANTS IN CATARACT PATIENTS

Background-The pathogenesis of cataract has been found to be influenced by a number of factors including oxidative stress. Human body contains natural antioxidants, including the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase which help it withstand stress. Some environmental and nutritional factors can affect antioxidant systems. Objective-This study was undertaken to assess the status of total antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the Iranian population whose lifestyle is both nutritionally and environmentally different from other populations on which such studies have been conducted. Methods-Forty-five patients with senile cataract and 35 controls were selected and matched. The levels of the above-mentioned enzymes and chemicals were measured in erythrocytes and plasma and compared by Student’s t-test (p<0.05 for significance). Results-The level of GPx erythrocyte activity in patients and controls was found to be 51.24±13.46 µ/gHb and 40.87±7.04 µ/gHb respectively ( p<0.0001). SOD levels were 1239.83±275.96 µ/gHb in patients and 1126±201.72 µ/gHb in controls (p=0.045). Total antioxidant status of the patients and controls were 1.39±0.27 mMol/L and 1.64±0.36 mMol/L respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion-Even though the relationships of these factors to cataractogenesis is still unknown, we believe that a better knowledge about their role could strengthen our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and perhaps the treatment of cataract. Still, it is safe to assume that educating people on consumption of a diet richer in antioxidants (like vegetables) is beneficial in preventing diseases like cataract.
Functional connectivity disturbances of the ascending reticular activating system in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective Seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) disturb brain networks and lead to connectivity disturbances. We previously hypothesised that recurrent seizures in TLE may lead to abnormal connections involving subcortical activating structures including the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), contributing to neocortical dysfunction and neurocognitive impairments. However, no studies of ARAS connectivity have been previously reported in patients with epilepsy. Methods We used resting-state functional MRI recordings in 27 patients with TLE (67% right sided) and 27 matched controls to examine functional connectivity (partial correlation) between eight brainstem ARAS structures and 105 cortical/subcortical regions. ARAS nuclei included: cuneiform/subcuneiform, dorsal raphe, locus coeruleus, median raphe, parabrachial complex, pontine oralis, pedunculopontine and ventral tegmental area. Connectivity patterns were related to disease and neuropsychological parameters. Results In control subjects, regions showing highest connectivity to ARAS structures included limbic structures, thalamus and certain neocortical areas, which is consistent with prior studies of ARAS projections. Overall, ARAS connectivity was significantly lower in patients with TLE than controls (p<0.05, paired t-test), particularly to neocortical regions including insular, lateral frontal, posterior temporal and opercular cortex. Diminished ARAS connectivity to these regions was related to increased frequency of consciousness-impairing seizures (p<0.01, Pearson’s correlation) and was associated with impairments in verbal IQ, attention, executive function, language and visuospatial memory on neuropsychological evaluation (p<0.05, Spearman’s rho or Kendell’s tau-b). Conclusions Recurrent seizures in TLE are associated with disturbances in ARAS connectivity, which are part of the widespread network dysfunction that may be related to neurocognitive problems in this devastating disorder.
Modelling the Regulation of Thermal Adaptation in Candida albicans, a Major Fungal Pathogen of Humans

Eukaryotic cells have evolved mechanisms to sense and adapt to dynamic environmental changes. Adaptation to thermal insults, in particular, is essential for their survival. The major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, is obligately associated with warm-blooded animals and hence occupies thermally buffered niches. Yet during its evolution in the host it has retained a bona fide heat shock response whilst other stress responses have diverged significantly. Furthermore the heat shock response is essential for the virulence of C. albicans. With a view to understanding the relevance of this response to infection we have explored the dynamic regulation of thermal adaptation using an integrative systems biology approach. Our mathematical model of thermal regulation, which has been validated experimentally in C. albicans, describes the dynamic autoregulation of the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 and the essential chaperone protein Hsp90. We have used this model to show that the thermal adaptation system displays perfect adaptation, that it retains a transient molecular memory, and that Hsf1 is activated during thermal transitions that mimic fever. In addition to providing explanations for the evolutionary conservation of the heat shock response in this pathogen and the relevant of this response to infection, our model provides a platform for the analysis of thermal adaptation in other eukaryotic cells.
Phytochemical Profile and Nutraceutical Value of Old and Modern Common Wheat Cultivars

Among health-promoting phytochemicals in whole grains, phenolic compounds have gained attention as they have strong antioxidant properties and can protect against many degenerative diseases. Aim of this study was to profile grain phenolic extracts of one modern and five old common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and to evaluate their potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effect in different cell culture systems. Wheat extracts were characterized in terms of antioxidant activity and phenolic composition (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS profile, polyphenol and flavonoid contents). Results showed that antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) is mostly influenced by flavonoid (both bound and free) content and by the ratio flavonoids/polyphenols. Using a leukemic cell line, HL60, and primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the potential antiproliferative or cytoprotective effects of different wheat genotypes were evaluated in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and cell viability. All tested wheat phenolic extracts exerted dose-dependent cytoprotective and antiproliferative effects on cardiomyocytes and HL60 cells, respectively. Due to the peculiar phenolic pattern of each wheat variety, a significant genotype effect was highlighted. On the whole, the most relevant scavenging effect was found for the old variety Verna. No significant differences in terms of anti-proliferative activities among wheat genotypes was observed. Results reported in this study evidenced a correspondence between the in vitro antioxidant activity and potential healthy properties of different extracts. This suggests that an increased intake of wheat grain derived products could represent an effective strategy to achieve both chemoprevention and protection against oxidative stress related diseases.
Intraindividual Variability of Neuromotor Function Predicts Falls Risk in Older Adults and those with Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT This study was designed to examine the effect of increasing age and type 2 diabetes on the average responses and inter- and intraindividual variability of falls risk, reaction time, strength, and walking speed for healthy older adults and older persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Seventy-five older individuals (controls) and 75 persons with T2DM aged between 50 and 79 years participated in the study. Assessments of falls risk, reaction time (RT), knee extension strength, and walking speed were conducted. The results revealed that advancing age for both control and T2DM groups was reflected by a progressive increase in falls risk, decreased leg strength and a decline (i.e., slowing) of reactions and gait speed. Conversely, the level of intraindividual variability for the RT, strength and gait measures increased with increasing age for both groups, with T2DM persons tending to be more variable compared to the healthy controls of similar age. In contrast to the intraindividual changes, measures of interindividual variability revealed few differences between the healthy elderly and T2DM individuals. Taken together, the findings support the proposition that intraindividual variability of neuromotor measures may be useful as a biomarker for the early detection of decline in physiological function due to age or disease.
Origin and Alteration of Volcanic Ash and Pelagic Brown Clay, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 62, North-Central Pacific

Volcanic ash was recovered from lower Aptian to Albian deposits from DSDP Sites 463, 465, and 466; pelagic clay of the upper Pleistocene to Upper Cretaceous was recovered mainly from Site 464, with minor amounts at Sites 465 and 466 (Figs. 1 and 2). We present X-ray-mineralogy data on pelagic clay and altered volcanic ash recovered from the four Leg 62 sites (Table 1; Fig. 1). In addition, two ash samples from Sites 463 and 465, a pelagic clay from Site 464, and a clay vein from the basaltic basement at Site 464 each were analyzed for major, minor, and trace elements (Table 2). Our purpose is to describe the mineralogy and chemistry of altered ash and pelagic clays, to determine the sources of their parent material, and to delineate the diagenetic history of these clay-rich deposits. Correlation of chemistry and mineralogy of ash and pelagic clay with volcanic rocks suspected to be their parent material is not always straightforward, because weathering and diagenetic alteration caused depletion or enrichment of many elements. Cenozoic and Cretaceous sediments, and sedimentary and volcanic rocks were recovered at Site 463, in the Mid-Pacific Mountains, and at Sites 464, 465, and 466, on Hess Rise (Fig. 1). Site 463 cores contain nannofossil ooze, chalk, and limestone interbedded with minor porcellanite, chert, and, in the lower part, minor volcanic ash (Fig. 2). Site 464 sediments are mainly siliceous and brown pelagic clays in the upper section, and interbedded chert, chalk, and mudstone in the Cretaceous section; basaltic basement rock was reached at 308 meters. Calcareous ooze interbedded with minor chert and pelagic clay characterizes the section at Site 465. Cores recovered from the lowermost sections of Site 465 contain abundant pyritic limestone and barite overlying altered ash that in turn directly overlies trachytic flow rocks. Site 466 sediments are mainly nannofossil and cherty nannofossil ooze, with pelagic clay beds in the upper part and limestone with minor chert and porcellanite beds in the lower part. An ash bed was cored near the bottom of the hole. Smectite minerals commonly form from the elements released by breakdown of volcanic rocks and pyroclastic debris. Smectite is the internationally accepted general term for the group of clay minerals that include montmorillonite, nontronite, saponite, etc. (Bridley and
Evaluation of Rural vs Urban Trauma Patients Served by 9-1-1 Emergency Medical Services

Importance Despite a large rural US population, there are potential differences between rural and urban regions in the processes and outcomes following trauma. Objectives To describe and evaluate rural vs urban processes of care, injury severity, and mortality among injured patients served by 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS). Design, Setting, and Participants This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a prospective cohort enrolled from January 1 through December 31, 2011, and followed up through hospitalization. The study included 44 EMS agencies transporting to 28 hospitals in 2 rural and 5 urban counties in Oregon and Washington. A population-based, consecutive sample of 67 047 injured children and adults served by EMS (1971 rural and 65 076 urban) was enrolled. Among the 53 487 patients transported by EMS, a stratified probability sample of 17 633 patients (1438 rural and 16 195 urban) was created to track hospital outcomes (78.9% with in-hospital follow-up). Data analysis was performed from June 12, 2015, to May 20, 2016. Exposures Rural was defined at the county level by 60 minutes or more driving proximity to the nearest level I or II trauma center and/or rural designation in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ambulance fee schedule by zip code. Main Outcomes and Measures Mortality (out-of-hospital and in-hospital), need for early critical resources, and transfer rates. Results Of the 53 487 injured patients transported by EMS (17 633 patients in the probability sample), 27 535 were women (51.5%); mean (SD) age was 51.6 (26.1) years. Rural vs urban sensitivity of field triage for identifying patients requiring early critical resources was 65.2% vs 80.5%, and only 29.4% of rural patients needing critical resources were initially transported to major trauma centers vs 88.7% of urban patients. After accounting for transfers, 39.8% of rural patients requiring critical resources were cared for in major trauma centers vs 88.7% of urban patients. Overall mortality did not differ between rural and urban regions (1.44% vs 0.89%; P = .09); however, 89.6% of rural deaths occurred within 24 hours compared with 64% of urban deaths. Rural regions had higher transfer rates (3.2% vs 2.7%) and longer transfer distances (median, 97.4 km; interquartile range [IQR], 51.7-394.5 km; range, 47.8-398.6 km vs 22.5 km; IQR, 11.6-24.6 km; range, 3.5-97.4 km). Conclusions and Relevance Most high-risk trauma patients injured in rural areas were cared for outside of major trauma centers and most rural trauma deaths occurred early, although overall mortality did not differ between regions. There are opportunities for improved timeliness and access to major trauma care among patients injured in rural regions.