Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serotype-specific Differences in Dengue Virus Non-structural Protein 5 Nuclear Localization*

Background: Non-structural protein 5 (NS5) of dengue virus serotype 2 is predominantly localized in the nucleus. Results: The cellular localization of NS5 differs for the four dengue virus serotypes. Conclusion: NS5 nuclear localization is not a property shared by all dengue viruses. Significance: The identification of serotypic differences in the properties of dengue virus proteins is important for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies. The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) cause the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of humans. DENV non-structural protein 5 (NS5) contains enzymatic activities required for capping and replication of the viral RNA genome that occurs in the host cytoplasm. However, previous studies have shown that DENV-2 NS5 accumulates in the nucleus during infection. In this study, we examined the nuclear localization of NS5 for all four DENV serotypes. We demonstrate for the first time that there are serotypic differences in NS5 nuclear localization. Whereas the DENV-2 and -3 proteins accumulate in the nucleus, DENV-1 and -4 NS5 are predominantly if not exclusively localized to the cytoplasm. Comparative studies on the DENV-2 and -4 NS5 proteins revealed that the difference in DENV-4 NS5 nuclear localization was not due to rapid nuclear export but rather the lack of a functional nuclear localization sequence. Interaction studies using DENV-2 and -4 NS5 and human importin-α isoforms failed to identify an interaction that supported the differential nuclear localization of NS5. siRNA knockdown of the human importin-α isoform KPNA2, corresponding to the murine importin-α isoform previously shown to bind to DENV-2 NS5, did not substantially affect DENV-2 NS5 nuclear localization, whereas knockdown of importin-β did. The serotypic differences in NS5 nuclear localization did not correlate with differences in IL-8 gene expression. The results show that NS5 nuclear localization is not strictly required for virus replication but is more likely to have an auxiliary function in the life cycle of specific DENV serotypes.
Financial Liberalization, Financial Restraint, and Entrepreneurial Development

This paper argues that there is a fundamental conflict between financial liberalization and private sector led development strategy in developing countries. Using a simple model of occupational choice with moral hazard, it shows that under financial liberalization banks may (i) fail to finance new entrepreneurs because of poaching externality, and (ii) systematically favor pro jects with front-loaded returns at the expense of pro jects with strong learning effects. We identify two types of policies that are helpful in escaping from a no entrepreneurial experimentation equilibrium: intersectoral and intertemporal policies. Among intersectoral policies, a deposit rate ceiling, or a tax on the deposits coupled with a contingent subsidy to the new industrial financing (but not interest rate subsidy) may be helpful for entrepreneurial discovery. The intersectoral policies are, however, not effective in weeding out short-termism in pro ject choice. Among intertemporal policies, a dual track policy where competition is preserved in the lending to competing activities (agriculture) but limited duration monopoly is awarded to industrial lending is shown to be effective for both the discovery of new industrial entrepreneurs and tackling shorttermism in project choices.
Performance of computed tomographic colonography for the screening of colorectal polyp in acromegalic patients: a prospective study.

CONTEXT Acromegalic patients have better chances to develop colorectal polyps and cancer and, considered a high-risk group, need to undergo frequent screening examinations. Moreover, in acromegalia, the increased bowel length and the intestinal loop complexity can lead to higher levels of technical difficulties and increase the risks of complications at conventional colonoscopy. Computed tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is an innovative and secure technology which is revolutionizing the diagnosis of colon and rectum neoplasias. OBJECTIVE To analyze computed tomographic colonography performance for the screening of colorectal polyps in acromegalic patients. METHODS A prospective study of 21 asymptomatic acromegalic patients, 12 male and 9 female, average age 49, who underwent computed tomographic colonography and conventional colonoscopy. Computed tomographic colonography was performed with a GE Helical Multislice Computed Tomography Apparatus. Conventional colonoscopy was performed in the same day, without previous knowledge of the computed tomographic colonography diagnostics. The study evaluated the capacity of computed tomographic colonography to detect patients with colorectal polyps and identify each colorectal lesion described by the colonoscopy. RESULTS In two patients (2/21), conventional colonoscopy was incomplete. However, in all patients computed tomographic colonography was complete. In Phase I ('per patient'), computed tomographic colonography diagnosed eight of the nine patients with colorectal polyps and showed 88% sensitivity, 75% specificity and 81% accuracy. In Phase II ('per polyp'), out of the 21 acromegalic patients included in this study, 12 presented normal findings at conventional colonoscopy. A total of 19 polyps were identified in 9 patients. Ten of the 19 polyps were smaller than 10 mm, and 9 were equal to or larger than 10 mm. Computed tomographic colonography identified 7 of the 9 polyps >10 mm described by conventional colonoscopy and only 6 of the 10 small polyps identified at conventional colonoscopy were detected by computed tomographic colonography. The histological analysis of resected lesions revealed 12 tubular adenomas, 6 hyperplastic polyps and 1 colonic tubulo-villous adenoma with an adenocarcinoma focus. CONCLUSION The authors present the first reports of computed tomographic colonography in the screening of colorectal polyps in acromegalic patients. In this study, computed tomographic colonography was performed without complications and a complete and safe colorectal evaluation was possible in all acromegalic patients. Moreover, computed tomographic colonography presented good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the identification of acromegalic patients with polyps of any size and better results in the diagnosis of large polyps, when they were compared to small polypoid lesions.
Optimal Consumption and Investment Strategies with Stochastic Interest Rates

We characterize the solution to the consumption and investment problem of a time-additive power utility investor in a continuous-time dynamically complete market with stochastic changes in the opportunity set. It is demonstrated that under stochastic interest rates the investor optimally hedges against changes in the term structure of interest rates by investing in a coupon bond, or portfolio of bonds, with a payment schedule that matches the forward-expected (i.e. certainty equivalent) consumption pattern. This is of conceptual importance since the hedge portfolio only depends on the specic term structure dynamics through the consequences for the optimal consumption pattern. We consider two explicit examples where the term structure dynamics are given by the Vasicek model and a three factor non-Markovian Heath-Jarrow-Morton model.
Horizon-Specific Macroeconomic Risks and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

We show that decomposing macroeconomic risks across horizon is key to uncover a tight link between risk premia and the real economy. Exposure in four-year returns to innovations in macroeconomic growth and volatility with a matching half-life of over four years is priced in a wide variety of test assets. Shorter-term risks are not priced. Importantly, we show that long-term growth and volatility capture largely common risk. We then propose a single, long-term, macroeconomic risk factor which drives out standard long-run risk measures and performs similar to the Fama-French three-factor model in cross-sectional tests. Our empirical results strongly support the use of long-horizon betas to measure macroeconomic risks in asset returns.
Contraception knowledge and attitudes: truths and myths among African Australian teenage mothers in Greater Melbourne, Australia.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To discuss the contraception knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of African Australian teenagers and women with a refugee background in Melbourne. BACKGROUND The numbers of African Australian persons continue to increase, with a significant proportion being refugee women and children. Attitudes and behaviours towards contraception in this group continue to be influenced by culture, family and beliefs. DESIGN This study is based on qualitative research that was underpinned by intersectionality theory, cultural competency and phenomenology. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen teenagers and women who had experienced teenage pregnancy in Greater Melbourne, Australia, were interviewed. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with the sixteen African Australian teenagers and women. Following data collection, data were transcribed verbatim, and coded, and key themes identified and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Knowledge of contraception among this group of migrants was low and filled with myths. Attitudes towards contraception use were insufficient and influenced by beliefs and external factors such as partner, family and community attitudes towards contraception. Migration status and other instabilities in the lives of these participants all intersected to shape their health beliefs and contraception decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Refugee teenage mothers' knowledge of contraception was low and their attitude towards contraceptive use was poor. Myths and external factors continued to influence teenagers' and women's attitudes towards contraceptives. The events and life experiences of African Australian teenagers/women, culture, and family and community influences should be taken into consideration when providing healthcare services and sexual health education to this migrant group. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Service providers should consider the multiple intersections in the lives of these women when delivering healthcare services and information to them.
Influence Maximization Meets Efficiency and Effectiveness: A Hop-Based Approach

Influence Maximization is an extensively-studied problem that targets at selecting a set of initial seed nodes in the Online Social Networks (OSNs) to spread the influence as widely as possible. However, it remains an open challenge to design fast and accurate algorithms to find solutions in large-scale OSNs. Prior Monte-Carlo-simulation-based methods are slow and not scalable, while other heuristic algorithms do not have any theoretical guarantee and they have been shown to produce poor solutions for quite some cases. In this paper, we propose hopbased algorithms that can easily scale to millions of nodes and billions of edges. Unlike previous heuristics, our proposed hopbased approaches can provide certain theoretical guarantees. Experimental evaluations with real OSN datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithms.
Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial of Reciprocal Peer Support in Heart Failure

Background—Although disease management programs for patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are effective, they are, however, often resource intensive, limiting their uptake. Peer support programs have led to improved outcomes among patients with other chronic conditions and may result in similar improvements for patients with HF. Methods and Results—In this randomized controlled trial, Reciprocal Peer Support (RPS) arm patients participated in a HF nurse practitioner–led goal setting group session, received brief training in peer communication skills, and were paired with another participant in their cohort with whom they were encouraged to talk weekly using a telephone platform. Participants were also encouraged to attend 3 nurse practitioner–facilitated peer support group sessions. Patients in the nurse care management arm attended a nurse practitioner–led session to address their HF care questions and receive HF educational materials and information on how to access care management services. The median age of the patients was 69 years; 51% were female and 26% were racial/ethnic minorities. Only 55% of RPS patients participated in peer calls or group sessions. In intention-to-treat analyses, the RPS and nurse care management groups did not differ in time-to-first all-cause rehospitalization or death or in mean numbers of rehospitalizations or deaths. There were no differences in improvements in 6-month measures of HF-specific quality of life or social support. Conclusions—Among patients recently hospitalized for HF, more than half of RPS participants had no or minimal engagement with the RPS program, and the program did not improve outcomes compared with usual HF nurse care management. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00508508.
Towards semantic SLAM using a monocular camera

Monocular SLAM systems have been mainly focused on producing geometric maps just composed of points or edges; but without any associated meaning or semantic content. In this paper, we propose a semantic SLAM algorithm that merges in the estimated map traditional meaningless points with known objects. The non-annotated map is built using only the information extracted from a monocular image sequence. The known object models are automatically computed from a sparse set of images gathered by cameras that may be different from the SLAM camera. The models include both visual appearance and tridimensional information. The semantic or annotated part of the map -the objects- are estimated using the information in the image sequence and the precomputed object models.
Effective diffusion coefficients in random packings of polydisperse hard spheres from two-point and three-point correlation functions

We evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient Deff in random packings of polydisperse hard spheres with an analytical formula involving the three-point microstructural parameter ζ2. Bulk packings with solid volume fraction between ϕ = 0.54 and ϕ = 0.634 were computer-generated using experimentally determined particle size distributions characterized by different mean particle diameter and associated standard deviation. The parameter ζ2 was calculated from two- and three-point correlation functions S2 and S3, respectively, via an approach based on sampling templates. Results of the asymptotic analysis for S2 and S3 compare favorably with theoretical predictions. Effective diffusivities calculated by the approximate analytical formula are close to those obtained from simulations using a random-walk particle-tracking technique. The values of Deff are affected by the packings' solid volume fraction, the spatial positions of the spheres, and to a far lesser extent by the particles' polydispersity. The propos.
Pneumonectomy following induction therapy: an evidence-based, experienced-based and eloquence-based point of view.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, North Hospital, Marseille, France* Corresponding author. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, North Hospital, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France.Tel: +33-491966013; fax: +33-491966004; e-mail: pascal-alexandre.thomas@mail.ap-hm.fr (P.A. Thomas). Received 30 December 2011; accepted 5 January 2012
Behavioral/systems/cognitive Functionally Specific Changes in Resting-state Sensorimotor Networks after Motor Learning

Motor learning changes the activity of cortical motor and subcortical areas of the brain, but does learning affect sensory systems as well? We examined in humans the effects of motor learning using fMRI measures of functional connectivity under resting conditions and found persistent changes in networks involving both motor and somatosensory areas of the brain. We developed a technique that allows us to distinguish changes in functional connectivity that can be attributed to motor learning from those that are related to perceptual changes that occur in conjunction with learning. Using this technique, we identified a new network in motor learning involving second somato-sensory cortex, ventral premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex whose activation is specifically related to perceptual changes that occur in conjunction with motor learning. We also found changes in a network comprising cerebellar cortex, primary motor cortex, and dorsal premotor cortex that were linked to the motor aspects of learning. In each network, we observed highly reliable linear relationships between neuroplastic changes and behavioral measures of either motor learning or perceptual function. Motor learning thus results in functionally specific changes to distinct resting-state networks in the brain.
Mapping the literature of health care management.

OBJECTIVES The research provides an overview of the health care management literature and the indexing coverage of core journal literature. METHOD Citations from five source journals for the years 2002 through 2004 were studied using the protocols of the Mapping the Literature of Allied Health Project and Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project. The productivity of cited journals was analyzed by applying Bradford's Law of Scattering. RESULTS Journals were the most frequently cited format, followed by books. Only 3.2% of the cited journal titles from all 5 source journals generated two-thirds of the cited titles. When only the health care management practitioner-oriented source journals were considered, two-thirds of the output of cited journal titles came from 10.8% of the titles. Science Citation Index and PubMed provided the best overall coverage of the titles cited by all 5 source journals, while the cited titles from the 2 practitioner-oriented journals were covered most completely by Social Sciences Citation Index and Business Source Complete. CONCLUSIONS Health care management is a multidisciplinary field. Librarians must consider the needs of their users and assist them by providing the necessary materials and combination of indexes to access this field adequately.
Does the Great Firewall Really Isolate the Chinese? Integrating Access Blockage With Cultural Factors to Explain Web User Behavior

The dominant understanding of Internet censorship posits that blocking access to foreign-based websites creates isolated communities of Internet users. We question this discourse for its assumption that if given access people would use all websites. We develop a conceptual framework that integrates access blockage with social structures to explain Web users’ choices, and argue that users visit websites they find culturally proximate and that access blockage matters only when such sites are blocked. We examine the case of China, where online blockage is notoriously comprehensive, and compare Chinese Web usage patterns with those elsewhere. Analyzing audience traffic among the 1000 most visited websites, we find that websites cluster according to language and geography. Chinese websites constitute one cluster, which resembles other such geolinguistic clusters in terms of both its composition and its degree of isolation. Our sociological investigation reveals a greater role of cultural proximity than access blockage in explaining online behaviors.
Users of online indecent images of children (IIOC): an investigation into aetiological and perpetuating risk factors, the offending process, the risk of perpetrating a contact sexual offence, and protective factors

This thesis aims to better understand how to effectively assess and manage the risks posed by online IIOC users. First, it presents an introduction to the topic with a commentary on the increasing prevalence of this form of offending. Second, a systematic review of literature is conducted regarding the proportion of online IIOC users also found to perpetrate contact sexual offences. A qualitative synthesis of data revealed 10% of IIOC offenders had an official criminal record for a contact offence. This increased to approximately 40%, when analysing data from interview studies. Third, the thesis presents a thematic analysis of the accounts of 10 online IIOC-only offenders regarding their reasons for accessing IIOC. Here, a number of themes consistent with known pathways of contact sexual offending were identified, characterised by the unique role of general problematic Internet use. The findings are used to construct a cyclical model of IIOC offending, viewed within the context of a maladaptive emotion regulation loop. Fourth, the thesis critically evaluates the validity and reliability of a psychometric tool, the Emotion Control Questionnaire, Second Edition (ECQ2), used to measure emotion dysregulation amongst IIOC users. Fifth, a small-scale exploratory quantitative study is conducted of a mindfulness-based intervention package, aimed at reducing emotion control deficits amongst IIOC-only offenders. This found no clinically significant change in offenders’ scores, pre- to post-treatment, or when compared to a non-treatment control group. The null finding is attributed to a sampling artefact. The thesis concludes with an overall discussion of the work.
ACCENT MOBILITY: A MODEL AND SOME DATA

0. 0. Labov (1966) recorded formal interviews of about o,,:. and a h,. od lf1 hour' s duration in the homes of 81 informants from the Lowe r E ast Side of New York. The interviews were conducted to deterrnine whetllher ch.nges ij c:li.te. 4t would affect pronunciation patterns of the interviewees. He ypo . h! lesi zed that. formal contexts of social interaction would require a greater reli ance on prestigious variants of pronunciati on by the speal ke r, than 1e: ss for n Ia.l . 0. ntexts of the discourse. A substantial portion of the intervi ews was c.orns. ide redt as-; (4lictiting