Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complexity-Entropy Maps as a Tool for the Characterization of the Clinical Electrophysiological Evolution of Patients under Pharmacological Treatment with Psychotropic Drugs

In the clinical electrophysiological practice, reading and comparing electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings are sometimes insufficient and take too much time. Tools coming from the information theory or nonlinear systems theory such as entropy and complexity have been presented as an alternative to address this problem. In this work, we introduce a novel method—the permutation Lempel–Ziv Complexity vs. Permutation Entropy map. We apply this method to the EEGs of two patients with specific diagnosed pathologies during respective follow up processes of pharmacological changes in order to detect alterations that are not evident with the usual inspection method. The method allows for comparing between different states of the patients’ treatment, with a healthy control group, given global information about the signal, supplementing the traditional method of visual inspection of EEG.
Antinuclear and antinucleolar antibodies in patients with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome.

Antinuclear and Antinucleolar Antibodies in Patients with Scleroderma-Polymyositis Overlap Syndrome SIR—Polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndromes are uncommon. TufTanelli and Winkelmann [1] reported 36 out of 727 scleroderma patients (5%) with features of these two conditions, and used the term 'sclerodermatomyositis'. Mimori [2] found 27 out of 240 scleroderma patients (11%) who fulfilled the criteria for both progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). Wolfe et al. [3] described autoantibodies, characteristic to patients with PSS/PM overlap, designated anti-PM-1; Reichlin et al. [4] characterized the anti-PM-Scl antibody which is strongly associated with the PSS/PM overlap syndrome. The prevalences of anti-PmScl antibodies have been reported as 8% in myositis sera and from 2 to 5% in scleroderma sera, and 24% in PM/Scl overlap sera [5, 6].
Unique planar color coding of fiber bundles and its application to fiber integrity quantification

We present a new color coding paradigm of fiber bundle orientation obtained from diffusion tensor imaging. The color coding is defined with respect to an arbitrary projection plane, which can be automatically adjusted in order to minimize the local ambiguity of the coding. It is demonstrated at the internal capsule that different fiber bundle orientations coded by the new color coding are well distinguished by different colors while with conventional color coding different orientations have the same color. Furthermore, the reliable delineation of particular fiber bundles using this new color coding approach enables robust quantification of fiber integrity. In this context diffusion properties inside particular fiber bundles are determined automatically by estimating the parameters of a probabilistic mixture model including partial volume effects.
Taphonomy and palaeopathology of two mysticete whales, upper Miocene Pisco Formation, Peru

Two mysticete fossil whales from the upper Miocene of the Pisco Formation in Peru are described that show healed bone-fractures in ribs. One specimen is preserved in a tuffaceous diatomaceous siltstone and the other specimen is preserved in siltstone. Both specimens are well preserved, mostly articulated and almost complete. Shark teeth were found associated with one of the skeletons, but both specimens lack any trace evidence for the activity macro-scavengers. We suggest that the cause of bone fracture may have been collision with rocky shores, other wales, or large predators. The fact that the rib fractures healed indicates that the whales did not die due the bone fractures. Sedimentologic and paleontological evidence indicate that they were rapidly buried in the marine platform with well-oxygenated water
Depression, intellectual impairment, and Parkinson disease.

To the Editor: Dr. Mayeux and his colleagues make an interesting contribution to the study of intellectual and emotional disturbances in patients with subcortical disease.I However, I would like to comment on several issues, with particular reference to the specificity of their findings to Parkinson disease. For example, 67% of a sample of consecutively admitted neurological patients' showed evidence of cognitive deficit, emotional disturbance, or both, using instruments similar to those employed by Mayeux et al. This figure is considerably higher than for the general medical populations and may account, in part, for the fact that " when equally disabled patients with other medical diseases were used for comparison, the prevalence of depression in PD was always significantly higher " (page 6471.' As the authors pointed out, attention and memory are frequently impaired in depressed patients; this is a common observation even when the cognitive disturbance is not severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of " dementia syndrome with depression. " In addition, we have frequently encountered disturbances in calculations, constructional ability, and memory in patients with early Alzheimer disease, when language, praxis, and gnostic functions were still intact. In practice, the " characteristic " symptoms of " subcortical dementia " seem to describe many patients with mild cognitive impairment of diverse etiology (e.g., ather-osclerotic or demyelinating disease). Adequate description of this impairment requires more than the correlation of single items from the mental status examination. The most striking aspect of the intellectual and emotional disturbances in PD appears to be their surprisingly strong correlations with akinesia and rigidity.l Mayeux et a1 suggest that the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus cannot account for this finding; yet, they do not consider the possible contribution of the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine systems, both of which may be affected in PD,56 and which might account for the observed relation between the movement and psychologic disorders. Their alternative hypothesis of neuronal loss in the tuberal and posterolateral hypothalamus merits further consideration , although one might then expect to observe a relationship between cognitive/emotional status and autonomic vegetative symptoms in these patients. Further exploration of these factors would surely enhance the specificity and value of their findings.tellectual impairment, and Parkinson disease. Neurology 2. DePaulo JR, Folstein MF. Psychiatric disturbances in neu-rological patients: detection, recognition, and hospital course. depression in medical in-patients. Ann Intern Med 4. Hoehn MN, Crowley TJ, …
Gamma-ray Irradiation Inhibiting Surface Charge Accumulation on Polyethylene

Polymer insulating materials installed in electrical and electronic devices are widely used in spacecraft and nuclear power stations where the polymers are exposed to energetic radioactive rays. The chemical structure can be changed by radiation induced reactions that possibly gives rise to the alteration of characteristics of surface charge, which can enhance the local electrical field and cause surface discharge that damages the insulation. For the safe use of the material, it's necessary to gain a good understanding of radiation effect on surface charge accumulation. In this paper, polyethylene was employed as test sample which was previously irradiated in air up to 100 kGy and then up to 1000 kGy with dose rate of 10 kGy / h by using a 60Co gamma-source. The sample surface was corona charged by applying a series of dc stresses on needle electrode that was set 6 mm above the surface. An electrostatic probe was designed to measure the surface charge density immediately after the charging process. Obtained results show the dependence of surface charge distribution upon the radiation dose varying as a function of the polarity of charging particles. It is suggested that surface charge accumulation depends upon the behavior of localized surface states, which is altered by radiation-induced degradation and cross-linking reactions of the chemical structure.
Sparse H2 optimal filter design via convex optimization

This paper considers the problem of synthesizing H2 filters subject to sparsity constraints on their structure, that is, constraints on which inputs can be used when computing the estimated value of a given output. The main result of the paper shows that, contrary to the sparse controller case, the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of filters satisfying a given sparsity pattern is related to the existence of solutions to a finite set of linear equations. Further, when the problem is feasible, then it can be solved using convex optimization and the objective function exhibits a “separation” like structure that clearly indicates the cost of sparsity.
A distributed location system for the active office

Distributed systems for locating people and equipment will be at the heart of tomorrow's active offices. Computer and communications systems continue to proliferate in the office and home. Systems are varied and complex, involving wireless networks and mobile computers. However, systems are underused because the choices of control mechanisms and application interfaces are too diverse. It is therefore pertinent to consider which mechanisms might allow the user to manipulate systems in simple and ubiquitous ways, and how computers can be made more aware of the facilities in their surroundings. Knowledge of the location of people and equipment within an organization is such a mechanism. Annotating a resource database with location information allows location-based heuristics for control and interaction to be constructed. This approach is particularly attractive because location techniques can be devised that are physically unobtrusive and do not rely on explicit user action. The article describes the technology of a system for locating people and equipment, and the design of a distributed system service supporting access to that information. The application interfaces made possible by or that benefit from this facility are presented. <<ETX>>
Delay reduction in multi-hop device-to-device communication using network coding

This paper considers the problem of reducing the broadcast delay of wireless networks using instantly decodable network coding (IDNC) based device-to-device (D2D) communications. In D2D-enabled networks, devices help hasten the recovery of the lost packets of devices in their transmission range by sending network coded packets. To solve the problem, the different events occurring at each device are identified so as to derive an expression for the probability distribution of the decoding delay. The joint optimization problem over the set of transmitting devices and the packet combinations of each is formulated. Due to the high complexity of finding the optimal solution, this paper focuses on cooperation without interference between the transmitting users. The optimal solution, in such interference-less scenario, is expressed using a graph theory approach by introducing the cooperation graph. Extensive simulations compare the decoding delay experienced in the Point to Multi-Point (PMP), the fully connected D2D (FC-D2D) and the more practical partially connected D2D (PC-D2D) configurations and suggest that the PC-D2D outperforms the FC-D2D in all situations and provides an enormous gain for poorly connected networks.
Abrasion model of downstream changes in grain shape and size along the Williams River, Australia

Modeling pebble abrasion during bed load transport is of fundamental importance in fluvial geomorphology, as it may help to understand downstream fining patterns along gravel bed rivers. Here we review a recently published analytical abrasion model called box equations, which can simultaneously track the shape and size evolution of large pebble populations as the cumulative effect of binary collisions between particles. The model predicts that pebble shapes move away from the sphere and develop sharp edges due to collisional abrasion by sand. We present a field study on the downstream evolution of basalt particle shape and size along the Williams River in the Hunter Valley, Australia. Pebbles get flatter and thinner, and several aquafacts (i.e., abraded pebbles with sharp edges) emerge in the downstream reaches, both suggesting the importance of abrasion by sand. Applying box equations with a few fitted parameters, we present a numerical simulation which reproduces both the shape and size evolution of pebbles along the Williams River. The simulation allows tracking of the shape and size evolution of individual particles as well, revealing an interesting phenomenon that particle size controls shape evolution. Box equations, in combination with existing transport concepts, provide a framework for future shape and size evolution studies in sedimentary environments. In particular, they may help to assess the relative importance of size selective transport versus abrasion in causing downstream fining in gravel bed rivers.
An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.

In this chapter a theory of motivation and emotion developed from an attributional perspective is presented. Before undertaking this central task, it might be beneficial to review the progression of the book. In Chapter 1 it was suggested that causal attributions have been prevalent throughout history and in disparate cultures. Studies reviewed in Chapter 2 revealed a large number of causal ascriptions within motivational domains, and different ascriptions in disparate domains. Yet some attributions, particularly ability and effort in the achievement area, dominate causal thinking. To compare and contrast causes such as ability and effort, their common denominators or shared properties were identified. Three causal dimensions, examined in Chapter 3, are locus, stability, and controllability, with intentionality and globality as other possible causal properties. As documented in Chapter 4, the perceived stability of a cause influences the subjective probability of success following a previous success or failure; causes perceived as enduring increase the certainty that the prior outcome will be repeated in the future. And all the causal dimensions, as well as the outcome of an activity and specific causes, influence the emotions experienced after attainment or nonattainment of a goal. The affects linked to causal dimensions include pride (with locus), hopelessness and resignation (with stability), and anger, gratitude, guilt, pity, and shame (with controllability).
Evaluation of modulation schemes for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters

This paper presents a method for evaluating different modulation schemes employed with three-phase to three-phase matrix converters. The evaluation method addresses three important modulator characteristics: the output waveform quality, the input waveform quality and the switching losses associated with the modulation schemes. The method is used to evaluate four different modulation strategies, all based on the direct space-vector modulation approach. Further, regarding the switching losses, the paper proposes a new space-vector approach by which the switching losses can be reduced by 15%-35%, depending on the output load angle. This new modulation approach is applicable whenever the output voltage reference is below half the input voltage and the output voltage quality is then superior to that of the conventional space vector modulation scheme. The functionality of the new modulation scheme is validated by both simulations and experimental results and compared to waveforms obtained by using exiting space vector modulation schemes. The output voltage of the proposed scheme turns out to be comparable to the best of the conventional schemes while the input current is more distorted.
Stability Depends on Positive Autoregulation in Boolean Gene Regulatory Networks

Network motifs have been identified as building blocks of regulatory networks, including gene regulatory networks (GRNs). The most basic motif, autoregulation, has been associated with bistability (when positive) and with homeostasis and robustness to noise (when negative), but its general importance in network behavior is poorly understood. Moreover, how specific autoregulatory motifs are selected during evolution and how this relates to robustness is largely unknown. Here, we used a class of GRN models, Boolean networks, to investigate the relationship between autoregulation and network stability and robustness under various conditions. We ran evolutionary simulation experiments for different models of selection, including mutation and recombination. Each generation simulated the development of a population of organisms modeled by GRNs. We found that stability and robustness positively correlate with autoregulation; in all investigated scenarios, stable networks had mostly positive autoregulation. Assuming biological networks correspond to stable networks, these results suggest that biological networks should often be dominated by positive autoregulatory loops. This seems to be the case for most studied eukaryotic transcription factor networks, including those in yeast, flies and mammals.
Approximating Minimization Diagrams and Generalized Proximity Search

We investigate the classes of functions whose minimization diagrams can be approximated efficiently in Red. We present a general framework and a data-structure that can be used to approximate the minimization diagram of such functions. The resulting data-structure has near linear size and can answer queries in logarithmic time. Applications include approximating the Voronoi diagram of (additively or multiplicatively) weighted points. Our technique also works for more general distance functions, such as metrics induced by convex bodies, and the nearest furthest-neighbor distance to a set of point sets. Interestingly, our framework works also for distance functions that do not obey the triangle inequality. For many of these functions no near-linear size approximation was known before.
Leishmania major-specific, CD4+, major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells derived in vitro from lymphoid tissues of naive mice

Several studies indicate that the outcome of experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (Lm) is determined by immunological events occurring shortly after infection. These events lead to outgrowth of either protective CD4+ T cells in the C57BL/6 mouse, which cures, or exacerbative cells in the BALB/c mouse, which succumbs to disease. Potential factors influencing the outgrowth of protective or exacerbative T cells include antigen-presenting cells (APC), cytokines, and parasite antigens. An in vitro system, in which one could precisely control the factors shaping early events in the T cell response to Lm, would be very useful. To this end, we have examined the in vitro response of naive lymphocytes to Lm promastigotes. The data presented here show that Lm-specific CD4+ T cell receptor alpha/beta + T cells can be generated in vitro from spleen and lymph node cell populations of naive mice. Furthermore, they can be obtained from the CD44low (unprimed) population of T lymphocytes, indicating that in vitro priming occurs. The ability to generate these T cells is dependent on the presence of live parasites and is not due to a parasite-derived nonspecific T cell mitogen. Restimulation, as assayed by proliferation, requires APC bearing syngeneic I-A. Optimal restimulation of the in vitro derived T cells is achieved only when live promastigotes are used. The T cells do not proliferate in response to a frozen-and-thawed lysate of promastigotes, yet they exhibit mild reactivity to lysates prepared from heat-shocked promastigotes. Furthermore, they do not recognize two predominant antigens on the promastigote surface, lipophosphoglycan and gp63. T cells derived in vitro with Lm show crossreactivity with live L. donovani, less crossreactivity with live L. mexicana, and no crossreactivity with live Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin or live Brugia malayi microfilariae. Finally, these early T cells, whether derived from healing C57BL/6 or nonhealing BALB/c mice, produce interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon gamma.
Triassic plutonism in southern California: Southward younging of arc initiation along a truncated continental margin

Earliest Cordilleran magmatism in the southwestern United States is recorded by a belt of Triassic plutons that intrude Proterozoic basement of the Mojave crustal province and its cratonal/miogeoclinal cover. The belt extends from the western Mojave Desert through the Transverse Ranges to the Colorado River trough. Triassic plutons are predominantly alkali‐calcic, Fe‐ and Sr‐enriched quartz monzodiorites and monzonites. The northern part of the belt is composed of two older plutonic suites (241–231 Ma) which are high K to shoshonitic; the southern part of the belt is a younger (218–213 Ma), sodic‐alkalic suite. The plutonic record in southern California suggests a short‐lived, southward younging continental margin arc setting for emplacement of Triassic plutons, superimposed on a continental margin modified by sinistral transform faulting. Triassic plutonism in this region was followed by a magmatic lull prior to the onset of voluminous Middle to Late Jurassic Cordilleran arc magmatism.
Effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on lower urinary tract function in women

Aims: The need for an indwelling transurethral catheter in patients with postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is a matter of controversy. Subjective observations are ambivalent and the literature addressing this issue is scarce. As segmental blockade can be achieved with epidural analgesia, we hypothesized that analgesia within segments T4–T11 has no or minimal influence on lower urinary tract function. Thus, we evaluated the effect of TEA on lower urinary tract function by urodynamic studies. Methods: In 13 women with no preoperative lower urinary tract symptoms undergoing open kidney surgery by lumbotomy under TEA, we prospectively assessed changes in urodynamic parameters the day before and 2–3 days after surgery with the patients under TEA. Results: Before versus during TEA, there was a significant increase in postvoid residual (median, 5 ml vs. 220 ml, P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in maximum detrusor pressure (median, 23 cmH2O vs. 5 cmH2O, P = 0.001), detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (median, 18 cmH2O vs. 5 cmH2O, P = 0.001), maximum flow rate (median, 12 ml/sec vs. 3 ml/sec, P < 0.001), and voided volume (median, 250 ml vs. 40 ml, P < 0.001). In addition, maximum urethral closure pressure at rest decreased significantly under TEA from median 75 cmH2O to 56 cmH2O (P = 0.002). Bladder sensation, maximum cystometric capacity, compliance, and functional profile length at rest were not influenced by TEA. Conclusions: TEA has a significant effect on bladder emptying with clinically relevant postvoid residual (PVR) necessitating (indwelling or intermittent) catheterization or monitoring of PVR. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:121–125, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on therapists' assessment of patients' suicide risk

Abstract Objective: The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are two causal interactive suicidal risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine whether therapists are affected by these factors upon assessing patients' suicide risk. Method: Using an experimental design, 388 mental health professionals were presented with a text vignette describing a hypothetical patient with either high or low perceived burdensomeness and with either high or low thwarted belongingness. Results: The findings revealed that both factors affected therapists' risk assessment of psychache, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and resilience. Conclusions: The study results highlight the interpersonal theory as an important theory for understanding the factors upon which therapists and mental health professionals rely when assessing suicide risk.