Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of suprathermal tails using hourly-averaged proton velocity distributions at 1 AU

We obtain hourly values of tail densities and of power law indices, γ, of suprathermal (speeds above 2.48 times the solar wind speed) protons from power law fits to hourly velocity distribution functions in the solar-wind-frame. ACE/SWICS and ULEIS data, which often include very low counting statistics, are used to derive hourly proton phase space densities. We find that during part of the recent deep solar minimum (first 82 days in 2009): (a) the spectrum averaged over the entire 82 day period reveals the bulk and the halo solar wind components, interstellar pickup protons (seldom seen at 1 AU), and the common Fisk and Gloeckler (FG (b) hourly values of the tail densities range from ~1•10^(−6) to ~3•10^(−3) cm^(−3) and vary by a factor of ~2-10 over periods of hours as well as in a quasi-periodic manner by factors of 20 to 50 over 4 to 10 days; (c) about 95% of the nearly 2000 hourly spectra have complex shapes and that are not power laws; (d) about half of the ~5% of the hourly spectra that are monotonically decreasing with increasing speed (e.g. exponentials or Max-wellians, or FG (e) each of the six sharp (few day long), large (tail density > 5•10^(−4) cm^(−3)) increases observed during this time period is associated with solar wind compression regions; (f) the eight shocks recorded locally that were not contained in compression regions did not produce signif-icant increases in the tail densities. We conclude that during times of low solar activity the higher energy portions of locally accelerated suprathermal tail spectra are often obscured by significant contributions from remotely accelerated particles whose spectra below (1-3)•10^8 cm/s are modified (modulated) by propagation from this remote acceleration region. In those instances where strong acceleration occurs locally, the observed tail spectra have the common F&G spectral shapes.
Postoperative Jejunal Feeding and Outcome of Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy are common, partly because of nutritional debilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of early postoperative tube feeding on outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy and determine the best method for delivering enteral feeding. A retrospective review of 180 consecutive patients undergoing Whipple operations from 1994 to 2000 was performed. Two nonrandomized patient groups were retrospectively studied: those with early postoperative tube feeding vs those with no planned feeding. Ninety-eight patients (54%) received postoperative jejunal feeding, whereas 82 patients (46%) did not. Jejunal feeding was delivered via a bridled nasojejunal tube in 55 patients (56%) and a gastrojejunal tube in 43 (44%). Vomiting (10% vs 29%; p = .002) and use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (6% vs 27%; p < .0001) were less in the jejunal feeding group and rates of readmission (12% vs 27%; p = .022), early (52% vs 62%; p = .223) and late (12% vs 31%, p = .005) complications and infections (13% vs 20%, p = .014). Tube-related complications occurred in 6 of 98 patients, all of which were associated with gastrojejunal tubes ( p = .021). Early postoperative tube feeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with significantly less use of TPN and lower rates of readmission and complications. A bridled nasojejunal feeding tube appears to be a safe and reliable method of short-term enteral feeding.
Militarization and Energy Consumption

This article examines the impact of nations' military establishments on energy consumption, utilizing the "treadmill of destruction" theory within a comparative international perspective. Results of cross-national fixed effects panel models indicate that high-tech militarization in the form of military expenditures per solider contributes to the overall scale of nations' energy consumption levels. Likewise, total energy consumption is positively associated with military personnel in the context of the number of soldiers relative to the size of domestic populations. Overall, the findings support the proposed theorization and highlight the need for future research to consider the ecological consequences of nations' military establishments, regardless of whether they are engaged in conflicts or not.
An Examination of In-Service Teacher Attitudes toward Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Professional Practice.

Teacher attitudes can influence the successful instruction and interventions within the classroom. The present study examined in-service teachers’ attitudes toward students with and without autism spectrum disorder in the United States. A total of 234 teachers (pre-Kindergarten to Grade 12) from public and charter schools in a metropolitan city participated in a survey. Participants read two scenarios, one featuring a student displaying autistic symptoms and another featuring a typical student. They then indicated their attitudes toward each student. Results revealed that in-service teachers perceive the student with ASD as more different from typical students and the teachers are more likely to dislike and avoid the student with ASD. Standard regression analysis demonstrated that being female, teaching at the elementary level, and holding special education certification are predictors of a teacher’s positive perception of a student with autism spectrum disorder. The implications of these findings for professional practice are discussed.
International Journal of Science and Technology Determination of Mechanical Characteristics of Compressed and Stabilized Earth Blocks by Cement, by the Mixture Cement and Sawdust, and by the Lime through the Elasticity-damaging Coupling Model

In this contribution, we evaluate mechanical characteristics of compressed and stabilized earth blocks. We have taken two samples of earth at Yaounde in Cameroon. After the identification of their properties, we have done compression's experiments which allow us to determine the mechanical characteristics of those earth blocks. Afterwards, we have calculated the Young's modulus, the resistance in compression and the deformation limit with the measured results. The numerical methods of approximation based on the elasticity-damaging coupling model allow also to evaluate the same mechanical characteristics and the comparison between the both methods are discussed. The evaluation of other characteristics like the damaging coefficient and the damage which are difficult to measure are also exposed.
Stacked What-Where Auto-encoders

We present a novel architecture, the "stacked what-where auto-encoders" (SWWAE), which integrates discriminative and generative pathways and provides a unified approach to supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised learning without relying on sampling during training. An instantiation of SWWAE uses a convolutional net (Convnet) (LeCun et al. (1998)) to encode the input, and employs a deconvolutional net (Deconvnet) (Zeiler et al. (2010)) to produce the reconstruction. The objective function includes reconstruction terms that induce the hidden states in the Deconvnet to be similar to those of the Convnet. Each pooling layer produces two sets of variables: the "what" which are fed to the next layer, and its complementary variable "where" that are fed to the corresponding layer in the generative decoder.
Tourism and Humour

This book is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge about humour in all kinds of tourism settings. It discusses the many ways in which humour can occur during tourism exchanges including guided tours, tourism marketing and promotion and travel narratives. Other themes include the role of humour in enhancing the tourist experience, the benefits of tourism humour, considerations of when humour may appear inappropriate in tourism settings and the development of tourism humour theory. The work includes much original material collected by the authors. The book will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers of tourism as well as humour scholars from other disciplines.
Symptom assessment in advanced palliative home care for cancer patients using the ESAS: clinical aspects.

UNLABELLED Four hundred and thirty-one cancer patients were assessed with the ESAS and a VAS-QoL at admission to Hospital-based home care (HBHC) and subsequently. RESULTS Pain and nausea were well-controlled (mean 2.5 and 1.8) whereas patients were less satisfied with appetite, activity and sense of well-being. Dyspnoea and anxiety (lung cancer, p<0.001 and p<0.01) and pain (prostate cancer, p<0.01), were related to diagnosis while activity, drowsiness, appetite and well-being to survival (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The correlations between individual symptoms and well-being were low (0.2-0.5), whereas the correlation between well-being and the Symptom Distress Score (SDS) was 0.76. "Well-being" was a better word to use than QoL. DISCUSSION ESAS is useful in HBHC and data show that symptoms other than merely pain and nausea are of importance. As the global measurement (one VAS) of well-being has a high correlation with SDS, this single measurement may be clinically adequate for quality assurance of symptom control in dying cancer patients.
Efficacy and efficiency of a lean cataract pathway: a comparative study

Background The demand for cataract surgery is rising, calling for pathways that have good access and are cost-effective. Lean thinking is a management strategy, aimed at improving quality while reducing costs. Lean production processes are designed to identify gaps between expected and actual performance. Aim To analyse the efficacy and efficiency of a lean cataract pathway. Methods Lean care delivered to a prospective cohort (616 cataract patients) was compared (1) with traditional care delivered to a historical cohort (591 cataract patients) and (2) with expected lean care in the prospective cohort. To evaluate efficacy, the authors analysed how many patients received care that adhered to the lean pathway's specifications. To evaluate efficiency, the authors analysed how often patients visited the hospital and how many additional patients could access the pathway. Results In the lean pathway, patient visits decreased by 23%, and access to the cataract pathway increased with 42%. A 40% decrease in patient visits and a 76% increase in access could have been realised if healthcare staff would have adhered to the lean pathway's specifications. Practice implications Lean pathways can realise large improvements, and still have a significant gap between expected and actual care delivery. The challenge for healthcare teams is not to improve care delivery by using lean pathways as opposed to using traditional pathways, but to strive for optimal performance by consistently adhering to the specifications of the lean pathway.
Fathers’ Lived Experiences of Getting to Know Their Baby While Acting as Primary Caregivers Immediately Following Birth

The aim of this study was to describe the meaning of the father’s lived experiences when taking care of his infant as the primary caregiver during the first hours after birth, when the infant was apart from the mother due to the mother’s postoperative care. Fifteen fathers were interviewed between 8 days and 6 weeks after the birth. The results describe a movement toward father-child togetherness characterized by an immediate and gradual change within the father as he undertakes increasing responsibility while getting to know his child. The results can be discussed in antenatal classes in order to integrate the father’s important role in the care of his infant, especially in a situation where the mother-infant dyad has been interrupted.
Projecting US Primary Care Physician Workforce Needs: 2010-2025

PURPOSE We sought to project the number of primary care physicians required to meet US health care utilization needs through 2025 after passage of the Affordable Care Act. METHODS In this projection of workforce needs, we used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to calculate the use of office-based primary care in 2008. We used US Census Bureau projections to account for demographic changes and the American Medical Association's Masterfile to calculate the number of primary care physicians and determine the number of visits per physician. The main outcomes were the projected number of primary care visits through 2025 and the number of primary care physicians needed to conduct those visits. RESULTS Driven by population growth and aging, the total number of office visits to primary care physicians is projected to increase from 462 million in 2008 to 565 million in 2025. After incorporating insurance expansion, the United States will require nearly 52,000 additional primary care physicians by 2025. Population growth will be the largest driver, accounting for 33,000 additional physicians, while 10,000 additional physicians will be needed to accommodate population aging. Insurance expansion will require more than 8,000 additional physicians, a 3% increase in the current workforce. CONCLUSIONS Population growth will be the greatest driver of expected increases in primary care utilization. Aging and insurance expansion will also contribute to utilization, but to a smaller extent.
DNA Repair Enzyme, O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase, Modulates Cytotoxicity of Camptothecin-Derived Topoisomerase I Inhibitors

Two camptothecin-resistant cell lines, CPT30 and KB100, were established and characterized previously in our laboratory. Because enhanced sensitivity to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and decreased expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein were observed in these lines, we hypothesized that MGMT may be a determinant of cytotoxicity associated with camptothecin-derived DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors (CPTs). We used the Tet-On system to induce expression of MGMT in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and RNA interference to knock down MGMT expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells in order to identify any correlations between MGMT expression and CPTs cytotoxicity. CHO-derived Tet-On-inducible cells (S12+) showed MGMT overexpression and statistically significant more resistance to BCNU, camptothecin, 7-ethyl-10-hydrocamptothecin (SN38), and topotecan than parental CHO cells (p < 0.05), but there was less resistance to CPTs than to BCNU. Knockdown of MGMT expression with small interfering RNA in HONE-1 cells conferred increased sensitivity to BCNU and CPTs compared with mock control. Furthermore, alteration of MGMT expression coincides with CPT-induced cell death and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. There were no differences in protein levels and catalytic activity of topoisomerase I between MGMT-proficient and MGMT-deficient cells from the Tet-On-inducible and small interfering RNA (siRNA) systems. Resistance to CPTs coincided with decreased amounts of protein-linked DNA breaks generated by CPTs in MGMT-proficient cells and vice versa in MGMT-deficient cells. Our data indicate that MGMT can modulate cytotoxicity of CPT-derived topoisomerase I inhibitors.
Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation Using Transfer Learning and Improved CNN Supervision

We propose a new CNN-based method for regressing 3D human body pose from a single image that improves over the state-of-the-art on standard benchmarks by more than 25%. Our approach addresses the limited generalizability of models trained solely on the starkly limited publicly available 3D body pose data. Improved CNN supervision leverages first and second order parent relationships along the skeletal kinematic tree, and improved multi-level skip connections to learn better representations through implicit modification of the loss landscape. Further, transfer learning from 2D human pose prediction significantly improves accuracy and generalizability to unseen poses and camera views. Additionally, we contribute a new benchmark and training set for human body pose estimation from monocular images of real humans, that has ground truth captured with marker-less motion capture. It complements existing corpora with greater diversity in pose, human appearance, clothing, occlusion, and viewpoints, and enables increased scope of augmentation. The benchmark covers outdoors and indoor scenes.
17 th European Conference on Fracture 2-5 September , 2008 , Brno , Czech Republic Fatigue damage in copper polycrystals subjected to ultrahigh-cycle fatigue below the PSB threshold

There is currently an increased interest in understanding the specific damage and failure mechanisms which occur in the UltraHigh-Cycle Fatigue (UHCF) or Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) range above about 10 to 10 cycles. Most current studies have focused on the UHCF behaviour of high-strength materials containing microstructural heterogeneities, in which internal fatigue failure frequently is caused by fatigue cracks which are initiated at internal heterogeneities such as inclusions, compare [1]. In contrast, the present work is part of an experimental study of the UHCF behaviour of pure ductile single-phase face-centred cubic (fcc) materials such as copper. In these materials, the most common high-cycle fatigue (HCF) failure modes originate from cyclic strain localization in persistent slip bands (PSBs). The general belief is that a necessary prerequisite for cyclic strain localization in PSBs is that the so-called PSB threshold amplitude [2] must be exceeded. However, it had been postulated in earlier work that, even at very low amplitudes, cyclic slip still retains a small but non-negligible irreversible component which, accumulated in a random fashion over a very large number of cycles in the UHCF regime, can lead to surface roughening (and irreversible changes of the dislocation substructure) and, ultimately, perhaps to PSB formation and fatigue crack initiation. In that picture, fatigue damage can be expected to develop in the UHCF regime even below the PSB threshold [3], as illustrated in Fig. 1 ( : stress, axis vertical). In order to test this hypothesis, a project was started in which the UHCF behaviour of commercial purity copper polycrystals that had been ultrasonically fatigued up to more than 10 cycles was investigated in some detail. In this work, a detailed study of the surface features was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The most important results of this earlier work have been published [4,5,6] and are summarized as follows: The “traditional” axial PSB threshold stress amplitude was found to be ca. 63 MPa [4,5,6]. Well below the PSB threshold, marked cyclic slip localization occurred in intense slip bands after very large numbers of cycles and intensified with increasing numbers of cycles [4,5].
An Evaluation of Long-Term SSR in the Junior High School.

reading. There is a special concern among teachers for junior high students and their reading habits and interests. In fact, the literature indicates a rapid falling off of reading in the junior high years (Allington 1975, Carlsen 1978, Heathington 1979). It seems logical then that some special efforts should be made during those years to change this trend, and SSR appears to be effective. In a recent study by Heathington (1979) of students in grades five through eight with varied backgrounds, the results showed clearly that time
The Controversial Long Term Effects of Parental Divorce

Abstract Using a multi-stage sampling methodology, 42 young adults from divorced families were compared with 42 matched subjects from intact families on measures of the quality of early parenting and the security of current attachment relationships. No long term effects of parental divorce were found. This was puzzling since a relationship was found between the quality of parenting and security of current attachment relationships. While subjects from divorced families were more likely to have rejecting parents, this vulnerability factor did not appear to affect security of current attachments. This apparent contradiction might be explained by the finding that contact with rejecting fathers was greatly reduced after separation. Conversely, subjects from intact families with rejecting fathers continued to be negatively affected.
Genetic Variation, Protein Composition and Potential Influences on Tendon Properties in Humans

Sequence variations in genes that code for proteins involved in homeostatic processes within tendons may influence tendon mechanical properties. Since variants of the four genes COL5A1, TNC, MMP3 and GDF5 have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of tendinopathies, which is ultimately characterised by abnormal structural and regulatory processes, sequence variations in these four genes may also influence how the tendon functions mechanically, even in the absence of tendinopathy. For example, two reports of association between variation in the COL5A1 gene and measures of flexibility complement reported associations between genotype and incidence of tendinopathy. Non-genetic factors such as age, body mass and physical activity status influence risk of tendon injury and physical performance potential independently from genomics, and also in gene-environment interactions. However, these non-genetic factors are often not considered in genetic association studies, probably due to their retrospective nature. Further research examining COL5A1, TNC, MMP3 and GDF5, as well as other genes that may influence the maintenance of tendon homeostasis such as COL1A1 which regulates the production of collagen type 1, the most abundant structural component of tendon is encouraged. Establishing the genetic basis of tendon properties in asymptomatic populations may advance understanding of some aspects relevant to physical performance and of the aetiology of tendinopathies. To improve understanding, accurate and reproducible assessments of tendon properties are required. However, no valid and reliable assessments of tendon properties, such as those involving in vivo ultrasound imaging techniques, have yet been applied to genetic association studies in humans.
Mild central chemoreflex activation does not alter arterial baroreflex function in healthy humans

We have previously shown that activation of peripheral chemoreceptors with isocapnic hypoxia resets arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to higher pressures, without changes in baroreflex gain. We tested the hypothesis that activation of central chemoreceptors with mild hyperoxic hypercapnia also causes resetting of the arterial baroreflex, but that this resetting would not occur with matched volume and frequency hyperpnoea. Baroreflex control of heart rate (n= 16) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography; n= 11) was assessed in healthy men and women, age 20–33 years, using the modified Oxford technique during hyperoxic eucapnia, hyperoxic hyperpnoea and hyperoxic hypercapnia (end‐tidal PCO2+ 5 mmHg above eucapnia). Baroreflex trials were separated by 30 min of rest. While neither hyperpnoea nor hypercapnia changed mean arterial pressure (92.0 ± 1.8 during eucapnia versus 91.0 ± 1.2 and 90.7 ± 1.4 mmHg during hyperpnoea and hypercapnia; P= 0.427) or muscle sympathetic nerve activity (2301 ± 687 during eucapnia versus 2959 ± 987 and 2272 ± 414 total integrated units min−1 during hyperpnoea and hypercapnia; P= 0.653), heart rate was increased from 59.3 ± 2.7 during eucapnia to 63.2 ± 3.0 and 62.4 ± 2.8 beats min−1 during hyperpnoea and hypercapnia (both P < 0.017). Baroreflex gain was not altered by hyperpnoea or hypercapnia. Thus, acute activation of central chemoreceptors with mild hyperoxic hypercapnia does not affect arterial pressure, sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, or baroreflex gain. Heart rate is elevated during hyperoxic hypercapnia, but this response is not different from the increase in heart rate produced by matched volume and frequency hyperpnoea. Therefore, mild activation of central chemoreceptors does not appear to alter arterial baroreflex function.