Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Museums, schools and geographies of cultural value

This article explores a paradox and a possibility that have emerged from two pieces of policy-related research concerning educational use of museums within England. The paradox relates to the use of museums which, whilst widely perceived as rather elitist institutions, appear from a postcode analysis of school visits to museums to be visited by large numbers of schools located in areas of social deprivation. The present analysis further explores this paradox, drawing on revised postcode analysis and governmental indices of multiple deprivation and income deprivation affecting children. The analysis supports the contention that museums attracted visits from schools located in areas with some of the highest levels of deprivation, although it suggests that this result needs to be considered in relation to regional differences in areas of social deprivation, the location of museums and the differences between individual and area-based measures of deprivation. Attention is then drawn to the potential of considering museums through a geographical perspective, and specifically through Foucault's notions of primary, secondary and tertiary spatializations. It is argued that primary spatializations encompasses how museums are conceptualized and classified; secondary spatializations concern how various elements of museums are articulated together; and tertiary spatializations relate to the placement of museums in wider societal contexts and processes. It is suggested that the postcode analysis of school visits points both to the significance of considering tertiary spatializations relating to the social circumstances of museum visitors but also raised questions concerning primary spatializations of museums. Attention is drawn to changes in the classification and grouping of museums, and how these often encompass geographically based criteria related to the social reach of museums. The article ends by considering the degree to which museums might seek to further change their primary spatialization to reflect tertiary spatializations relating to cultural value.
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Response to Haloperidol and Remoxipride is Associated with Increased Alpha EEG Activity

Analysable EEGs were recorded from 13 schizophrenic patients (three taking high‐dose remoxipride; five haloperidol; five low‐dose remoxipride). EEG data did not differ between high‐dose remoxipride and haloperidol patients, so they were combined into a single adequate dosage group. There were four clinical responders (two high‐dose remoxipride; two haloperidol) and four non‐responders (one high‐dose remoxipride; three haloperidol) on adequate dosage. All low‐dose remoxipride patients were non‐responders. Of those on adequate dosage, responders had the same pretreatment EEG alpha activity as non‐responders, but their posttreatment eyes‐closed alpha at 8·5 Hz in the right posterior temporal area was higher (p < 0·05). The same was true when they were compared with non‐responders on inadequate dosage. Alpha activity of all responders pretreatment did not differ from all non‐responders, but posttreatment it was higher (p < 0·05) at the left frontal, left middle temporal and right posterior temporal sites. In contrast, after treatment the inadequate dose non‐responders had lower voltage (p < 0·05) in almost all alpha frequencies in the left frontal, right posterior temporal and occipital areas. These results replicate previous studies of schizophrenia which show that increased alpha activity is the most reliable indicator of clinical response to haloperidol, and suggest that the same is true of remoxipride. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia-Induced Alternative Splicing in Endothelial Cells

Background Adaptation to low oxygen by changing gene expression is vitally important for cell survival and tissue development. The sprouting of new blood vessels, initiated from endothelial cells, restores the oxygen supply of ischemic tissues. In contrast to the transcriptional response induced by hypoxia, which is mainly mediated by members of the HIF family, there are only few studies investigating alternative splicing events. Therefore, we performed an exon array for the genome-wide analysis of hypoxia-related changes of alternative splicing in endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal findings Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) for 48 h. Genome-wide transcript and exon expression levels were assessed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. We found altered expression of 294 genes after hypoxia treatment. Upregulated genes are highly enriched in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis related processes, whereas downregulated genes are mainly connected to cell cycle and DNA repair. Thus, gene expression patterns recapitulate known adaptations to low oxygen supply. Alternative splicing events, until now not related to hypoxia, are shown for nine genes: six which are implicated in angiogenesis-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling (cask, itsn1, larp6, sptan1, tpm1 and robo1); one, which is involved in the synthesis of membrane-anchors (pign) and two universal regulators of gene expression (cugbp1 and max). Conclusions/Significance For the first time, this study investigates changes in splicing in the physiological response to hypoxia on a genome-wide scale. Nine alternative splicing events, until now not related to hypoxia, are reported, considerably expanding the information on splicing changes due to low oxygen supply. Therefore, this study provides further knowledge on hypoxia induced gene expression changes and presents new starting points to study the hypoxia adaptation of endothelial cells.
Occupational Stress, Burnout and Job Status in Female Academics

The study investigated perceived occupational stress in a sample of 582 academic staff members working in institutions of higher education in the UK. Data was collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach and Jackson 1986), The Job Diagnostic Survey (Hackman and Oldham 1974) and the Faculty Stress Index (Gmelch et al. 1986). The results indicate that women academics perceive the structure and content of their jobs similarly to men. However, women generally experience higher overall levels of stress in their jobs and results indicate that they may cope better with the demands placed upon them than their male counterparts. There is some evidence of the presence of a ‘glass ceiling’ in the institutions studied, with women holding more junior positions, and remaining in them longer, than men. A difference in effect size was found between those women who do achieve senior positions and men in similar posts. Higher grades predict greater job strain for women but not for men. The results from this study suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
Extracurricular activity involvement is associated with adolescent suicidality through school belongingness

Adolescent sports participants report lower rates of suicidality compared with sports nonparticipants. Few studies have investigated whether this pattern holds for involvement in other types of extracurricular activities, in younger samples, or the mechanisms of these associations. This study investigated the mediating role of school belongingness on the association between types of extracurricular activities and suicidality in developmental age groups within a United States sample (N = 13,977; 11–14 years, 14–16 years, 16–18 years). Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health showed that early adolescent sports participants endorsed lower rates of suicidal ideation. School belongingness mediated the association between extracurricular activity involvement and suicidality in that extracurricular activity participants who reported higher school belongingness were less likely to report suicidality. These findings indicate that school belongingness may be a factor in understanding the link between extracurricular activity involvement and risk for suicide.
The antifolate activity of tea catechins.

To the Editor: In the March 15, 2005, issue of Cancer Research , Navarro-Peran et al. ( [1][1]) described how epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits the key folate enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This study is of tremendous interest. The authors point to the recognized benefits of green
Sexting and Youth: Achieving a Rational Response

The term “sexting” is a combination of two terms “text” and “sex”. The term is being applied to situations to sending self-created nude or semi-nude sexually provocative images or sexually explicit text. Most of the focus has been on sending nude images-because these are far more likely to be more widely disseminated and because the distribution of these images can place young people at higher risk (the term is also, unfortunately being applied to situations where adults are sending nude images or explicit text from minors. This is an inappropriate use of the term. These activities should be called what they are: exploitation of a minor). This document will outline the research findings about this phenomenon, discuss the concerns about current degree of overreaction, address legal issues and provide recommendations for changes in criminal statutes and for the establishment of an effective multidisciplinary approach to investigate and intervene in these situations.
How to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: evidence-based information and opinions

Introduction: Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM) remains a difficult condition to treat despite the availability of new drugs. This review aims to provide evidence to guide physicians in the choice of salvage therapy in certain subgroups of patients. Areas covered: The review attempts to present evidence-based information and suggest possible approaches based on data on previous therapies, previous remission duration and toxicity of previous treatments, patient's co-morbidities and disease characteristics at relapse. Unfortunately, little evidence is available; there are no large and/or randomized trials, direct comparisons of drugs or combinations for rrMM patients to draw any definite conclusion. Expert opinion: Almost all the studies presented here suggest that depth of response is a key factor also for patients with rrMM. Identifying the best approach between combinations and sequential therapies remains controversial. Several studies favor the former approach in early relapse as it leads to a higher complete response rate, regardless of previous therapies. However, in both strategies, achieving maximal response should always remain a main goal. Consolidation/maintenance therapy is beneficial both in combination and sequential therapies also in rrMM. Second generation new drugs, such as pomalidomide, carfilzomib, bendamustine and HDAC inhibitors, will probably expand the rescue possibilities also in this setting.
The Impact of IT-Related Spillovers on Long-Run Productivity: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the effects of IT-related spillovers on firm-level productivity improvements over a long-term horizon. In contrast, prior research has largely focused on the direct and contemporaneous impacts of IT investments. As a result, we do not fully understand how IT investments are associated with ongoing productivity improvements in future periods and how spillovers influence these gains. In this paper, we examine whether firms receive incremental benefits from IT-related spillovers and whether these spillovers lead to more persistent returns. We focus on the spillovers that accrue to firms from their interindustry transactions, especially the IT services industry. We model and estimate the impact of spillovers on long-run productivity using firm-level data from the manufacturing, transportation, trade, and services sectors. We find that spillover impacts are highly significant, but that the magnitude and persistence of the impacts vary. Firms with high IT intensity receive greater spillover benefits from the IT services industry. Moreover, these benefits are sustained over a long-term horizon. However, the impact of IT-related spillovers does not persist in low IT intensity firms regardless of the source. Overall, our results shed light on the existence and sources of IT-related spillovers and on their important role in shaping the long-run returns to IT investment. Our results also help explain the findings of excess returns to IT investment in the IT productivity literature.
Democratising Teacher Education Research in India

This paper argues for the need to adopt a more participatory and research-based approach to teacher development in India. Drawing on the experiences of a participatory teacher educator development project in three States, we discuss processes of developing a democratically orientated qualitative research team to work with teachers and teacher educators, highlighting the interplay between their education and socialisation and the demands of the methodology. In the second part of the paper, aspects of developing collaborative action research projects with teacher educators in the context of District Institutes of Education and Training are discussed. Both these approaches require the development of autonomy and critical reflexivity, and although there are tensions in this process, these emerge as vital components of developing a more democratic approach to teacher education.
Lateral Connections in Denoising Autoencoders Support Supervised Learning

We show how a deep denoising autoencoder with lateral connections can be used as an auxiliary unsupervised learning task to support supervised learning. The proposed model is trained to minimize simultaneously the sum of supervised and unsupervised cost functions by back-propagation, avoiding the need for layer-wise pretraining. It improves the state of the art significantly in the permutation-invariant MNIST classification task.
On Evaluating SFM-Based Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis Estimates From Discrete Event System Data

This paper investigates the evaluation of infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) estimates that have been derived based on a stochastic fluid model (SFM) using data observed from the sample path of a discrete event system (DES). First, we show that a straightforward implementation of the SFM-based IPA estimates may yield biased estimates when the data are obtained from the actual DES. Then, in order to better approximate the sample path of the DES, we propose a special case of SFM where the arrival and service processes are modeled by piecewise constant on/off sources. The proposed SFM violates some of the assumptions made in [1]-[4] , and, as a result, the sample derivatives no longer exist. However, using the proposed SFM, we obtain the left and right sided sample derivative estimates. As shown in this paper, the sided sample derivatives are much better in approximating the required derivatives compared to the straightforward implementation of the SFM-based IPA estimates.
BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN'S ILLNESS

Beliefs about child illness were investigated using semi-structured interviews with mothers and providers in four rural Guatemalan communities. The two most common forms of child illness in Guatemala – diarrhoea and respiratory disease – were focused upon. These illnesses are particularly difficult to prevent and treat, especially with the rudimentary health services available in rural areas of developing countries. Comparisons with other ethnographic studies in Guatemala suggest that some traditional models of illness causation identified in these earlier investigations are relatively unimportant in the communities studied here. This finding, in conjunction with frequent responses related to hygiene and water, suggests that traditional explanations may be co-existing with biomedical views of illness causation to a greater degree today than in the past.
The Development of Mentalisation in Children From a Theory of Mind Perspective

For psychoanalysts, a key developmental question is how children's mentalisation capacities develop, that is, how they come to understand the feelings and intentions of others, as well as themselves, and how that understanding is integrated over the course of development into their feelings for and expectations of others. Broadly stated, this question has been the subject of productive lines of inquiry among cognitive and development psychologists. During the past 15 years, investigators from these disciplines focusing on the development of theory of mind have provided us with startling evidence of the abilities of very young children to understand their own behavior, as well as that of others, based on beliefs and desires. Furthermore, they have also presented fascinating observations and experiments suggesting that from early infancy we attribute intentionality to people. The term theory of mind has come to designate a specific domain of inquiry and research for philosophers, cognitive developmentalists, and primatologists, with the broad goal of understanding the ability, which may or not be exclusively human, to predict and explain the actions of self and others based on their knowledge, beliefs, and desires. Our aim in this review is to provide a summary of this body of work.
The ‘Place’ of Street Children in Kampala, Uganda: Marginalisation, Resistance, and Acceptance in the Urban Environment

In this paper I examine the ‘place’ of street children in Kampala, Uganda, highlighting their ingenious and resourceful use of the urban environment. Considered ‘out of place’ in urban public space, street children create their own niches in the marginal spaces of the city. By looking at untouchable spaces, underground spaces, and rooftop spaces I show how they develop their own place identities. For survival, street children react to their exclusion by resisting this out-of-place image and encroaching into crowded spaces or by dominating the street under the cover of darkness. However, in certain city spaces, street children are also legitimised and accepted by other street users if they conform to the desired behaviours of that space. The place of street children in Kampala is one which is contested, resulting in a multiplicity of street children's niches being created which vary both spatially and temporally.
The Determinants of Racial Harassment at the Workplace: Evidence from the British Nursing Profession

This paper examines which individual and work-related characteristics increase the probability of an employee being racially harassed at the workplace using a unique sample of NHS nurses. The reported incidence of racial harassment at the workplace is staggeringly high - 8.9 per cent of all nurses report such episodes involving work colleagues and 22.4 per cent have experienced such abuse from patients (or their families). Nurses who are young, male or from the ethnic minorities are the most likely to be affected. The findings have important implications for equal opportunities policies and the retention of nursing staff in the NHS. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd/London School of Economics 2002.
An eye for the unusual: creative thinking in dyslexics

This article describes a series of studies investigating the relationship between developmental dyslexia and creative talents. Tasks performed by the subjects included: finding alternative uses for objects, producing drawn objects from basic shapes, completing a self-report inventory which assessed innovative styles of thinking, and the solving of problems which required some form of insightful thinking. The data indicated both differences between dyslexics and non-dyslexics and differences across age groups. Compared with non-dyslexics, dyslexic adults presented consistent evidence of greater creativity in tasks requiring novelty or insight and more innovative styles of thinking; in contrast, dyslexic primary and secondary school children performed on a level with their non-dyslexic peers on a test which involved making drawings from a number of different shapes (figural creativity). Little evidence was found for an association between creativity and enhanced visuo-spatial skills or between creativity and handedness. Despite evidence being provided for the hypothesized creative talents of dyslexics, it was not possible to confirm that these talents were constitutional in nature or that they were associated with enhanced functioning of the right hemisphere. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment styles, personality, and Dutch emigrants' intercultural adjustment

The present study examines the relationship of adult attachment styles with personality and psychological and sociocultural adjustment. A sample of 847 first‐generation Dutch emigrants filled out measures for attachment styles, the Big Five, and indicators of psychological and sociocultural adjustment. Positive relationships were found between Secure attachment on the one hand and psychological and sociocultural adjustment on the other. Ambivalent attachment was strongly negatively associated with psychological adjustment. Dismissive attachment was mildly negatively related to sociocultural adjustment. Significant relations were found between attachment styles and the Big Five dimensions, particularly Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The attachment scales were able to explain variance in sociocultural adjustment beyond that explained by the Big Five dimensions. Intercultural adjustment is discussed from a transactional view of personality. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bcl-x Inactivation in Macrophages Accelerates Progression of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apoe−/− Mice

Objective—Bcl-x is the most abundantly expressed member of the Bcl-2 gene family in macrophages, but its role in macrophage apoptosis during atherogenesis is unknown. Methods and Results—We previously reported dual pro- and antiatherogenic effects of macrophage survival in early versus advanced atherosclerotic lesions, respectively, potentially reflecting growing impairment of efferocytosis during plaque progression. Here, we specifically inactivated Bcl-x in macrophages and evaluated its impact on atherosclerotic lesion formation in Apoe−/− mice at various stages of the disease. Bcl-x deficiency in macrophages increased their susceptibility to apoptosis, resulting in the depletion of tissue macrophages in vivo, including its major pool, Küppfer cells in the liver. We also observed increased cholesterol levels that were, however, not associated with any acceleration of early atherosclerotic plaque progression. This observation suggests that the atheroprotective effect of macrophage apoptosis at that stage of disease was counterbalanced by enhanced cholesterol levels. Bcl-x KOmac/Apoe−/− mice exhibited significantly larger advanced lesions than control mice. These lesions showed vulnerable traits. Such enhanced lesion size may occur as a result not only of apoptotic cell accumulation but also of elevated cholesterol levels. Conclusion—Modulation of macrophage resistance to apoptosis through targeted deletion of Bcl-x has a major impact on the entire macrophage cell population in the body, including Küpffer cells. Macrophage survival may, therefore, not only influence atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability but also cholesterol metabolism.
Testing from partial deterministic FSM specifications

This paper addresses the problem of test generation from partially specified deterministic finite state machines (FSMs) that may have indistinguishable states and, thus, are not necessarily reduced (minimized). The known methods for checking experiments that are based on state identification are not applicable to unreduced machines. We propose the so-called state-counting approach that is directly applicable to unreduced FSMs. The approach generalizes the idea of state identification in test generation methods for deterministic machines.