Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of S‐T Segment Alteration During Acute Myocardial Injury

Electrocardiograms recorded with a direct-coupled amplifier and recordings of intramyocardial and intracellular potentials were used to determine the nature of the S-T segment shift after myocardial injury. Immediately after coronary artery ligation in the dog, both true S-T and T-Q changes are produced. Lack of responsiveness to the activation wave in the injured area does not account for the initial change in the S-T segment. Changes in the intracellular action potential can be correlated with the electrocardiographic changes. Immediately after injury, cells in the injured area usually repolarize more rapidly than normal cells and this change is significantly correlated with S-T segment shifts. A decrease in resting potential, generally oc curring later than the action potential changes, is similarly correlated with T-Q segment changes.
Bayesian Vertex Nomination Using Content and Context

Using attributed graphs to model network data has become an attractive approach for various graph inference tasks. Consider a network containing a small subset of interesting entities whose identities are not fully known and that discovering them will be of some significance. Vertex nomination, a subclass of recommender systems relying on the exploitation of attributed graphs, is a task which seeks to identify the unknown entities that are similarly interesting or exhibit analogous latent attributes. This task is a specific type of community detection and is increasingly becoming a subject of current research in many disciplines. Recent studies have shown that information relevant to this task is contained in both the structure of the network and its attributes, and that jointly exploiting them can provide superior vertex nomination performance than either one used alone. We adopt this new approach to formulate a Bayesian model for the vertex nomination problem. Specifically, the goal here is to construct a ‘nomination list’ where entities that are truly interesting are concentrated at the top of the list. Inference with the model is conducted using a Metropolis‐within‐Gibbs algorithm. Performance of the model is illustrated by a Monte Carlo simulation study and on the well‐known Enron email dataset. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:400–416. doi: 10.1002/wics.1365
Effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. Twenty-two professional male soccer players volunteered to participate in the study. The players were allocated to two assigned trials ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (7% carbohydrates, sodium 24 mmol.l-1, chloride 12 mmol.l-1, potassium 3 mmol.l-1) or placebo during a 90 min on-field soccer match. The trials were matched for subjects' age, weight, height and maximal oxygen uptake. Immediately after the match, players completed four soccer-specific skill tests. Blood glucose concentration [mean (SD)] was higher at the end of the match-play in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the placebo trial (4.4 (0.3) vs. 4.0 (0.3) mmol.l-1, P < 0.05). Subjects in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial finished the specific dribble test faster in comparison with subjects in the placebo trial (12.9 (0.4) vs. 13.6 (0.5) s, P < 0.05). Ratings of the precision test were higher in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial as compared to the placebo trial (17.2 (4.8) vs. 15.1 (5.2), P < 0.05) but there were no differences in coordination test and power test results between trials. The main finding of the present study indicates that supplementation with carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved soccer-specific skill performance and recovery after an on-field soccer match compared with ingestion of placebo. This suggests that soccer players should consume carbohydrate-electrolyte fluid throughout a game to help prevent deterioration in specific skill performance.
Event-triggered dynamic output feedback control of LTI systems over Sensor-Controller-Actuator Networks

This paper presents the design of event-triggered output feedback controllers for LTI systems over Sensor- Controller-Actuator Networks (SCAN). The SCAN is divided into three functional layers - sensor layer, controller layer and the actuator layer, each layer consisting of several nodes. The communication between the nodes is intermittent and event-triggered. Further, the flow of information occurs from the sensor to controller to actuator layer with the intra-layer communication occurring only in the controller layer. The event-triggers are designed to utilize only locally available information, making the nodes' transmissions asynchronous. The proposed control design guarantees global asymptotic stability of the origin of the system and a positive lower bound for the inter-transmission times of each node individually. The proposed design method is illustrated through simulation results.
Resting heart rate and the association of physical fitness with carotid artery stiffness.

BACKGROUND Physical fitness is known to influence arterial stiffness. Resting heart rate is reduced by exercise and positively associated with arterial stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the role of resting heart rate in the relationship of physical fitness with arterial stiffness. METHODS Subjects were 2,328 young adults from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated as physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 bpm. Muscular strength was estimated by hand-grip (both sides), shoulder (pull and push), and leg strength. Arterial stiffness was measured using carotid ultrasound. RESULTS Arterial stiffness was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (men P < 0.001; women P = 0.002), and positively associated with muscular strength in women (P = 0.002) but not in men. Resting heart rate was positively associated with arterial stiffness (P < 0.001 both men and women). Adjustment for resting heart rate reduced the inverse association of arterial stiffness with cardiorespiratory fitness by 93.7% (men) and 67.6% (women) but substantially increased the positive association of arterial stiffness with muscular strength among women and revealed a positive association of arterial stiffness with muscular strength among men. These findings were independent of body size, blood pressure, biochemical markers, socioeconomic status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our findings attribute a key intermediary role for resting heart rate in the relationship between fitness and arterial stiffness, whereby higher cardiorespiratory fitness may reduce arterial stiffness mainly through resting heart rate, and higher muscular strength might have deleterious effects on arterial stiffness that are partially offset by lower resting heart rate.
Scheduling Major League Baseball Umpires and the Traveling Umpire Problem

The scheduling needs of umpires and referees differ from the needs of sports teams. In some sports leagues, such as Major League Baseball in the United States, umpires travel throughout the league's territory; they do not have a “home base. ” For such leagues, balancing the need to minimize umpire travel and the objective that an umpire should not handle the games of a particular team too frequently is important. We have used our approach, which is based on network optimization and simulated annealing, to successfully schedule Major League Baseball umpires. To develop this approach, we created the traveling umpire problem, which includes the major umpire scheduling issues and also provides a test bed for alternative techniques.
Adiponectin at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations Enhances the Vasorelaxative Effect of Acetylcholine via Cav-1/AdipoR-1 Signaling

Clinical studies have identified hypoadiponectinemia as an independent hypertension risk factor. It is known that adiponectin (APN) can directly cause vasodilation, but the doses required exceed physiologic levels several fold. In the current study, we determine the effect of physiologically relevant APN concentrations upon vascular tone, and investigate the mechanism(s) responsible. Physiologic APN concentrations alone induced no significant vasorelaxation. Interestingly, pretreatment of wild type mouse aortae with physiologic APN levels significantly enhanced acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation (P<0.01), an endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated process. Knockout of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) or caveolin-1 (Cav-1, a cell signaling facilitating molecule), but not adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) abolished APN-enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Immunoblot assay revealed APN promoted the AdipoR1/Cav1 signaling complex in human endothelial cells. Treatment of HUVECs with physiologic APN concentrations caused significant eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production (P<0.01), an effect abolished in knockdown of either AdipoR1 or Cav-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time physiologic APN levels enhance the vasorelaxative response to ACh by inducing NO production through AdipoR1/Cav-1 mediated signaling. In physiologic conditions, APN plays an important function of maintaining vascular tone.
Discordant Evolution of the Adjacent Antiretroviral Genes TRIM22 and TRIM5 in Mammals

TRIM5α provides a cytoplasmic block to retroviral infection, and orthologs encoded by some primates are active against HIV. Here, we present an evolutionary comparison of the TRIM5 gene to its closest human paralogs: TRIM22, TRIM34, and TRIM6. We show that TRIM5 and TRIM22 have a dynamic history of gene expansion and loss during the evolution of mammals. The cow genome contains an expanded cluster of TRIM5 genes and no TRIM22 gene, while the dog genome encodes TRIM22 but has lost TRIM5. In contrast, TRIM6 and TRIM34 have been strictly preserved as single gene orthologs in human, dog, and cow. A more focused analysis of primates reveals that, while TRIM6 and TRIM34 have evolved under purifying selection, TRIM22 has evolved under positive selection as was previously observed for TRIM5. Based on TRIM22 sequences obtained from 27 primate genomes, we find that the positive selection of TRIM22 has occurred episodically for approximately 23 million years, perhaps reflecting the changing pathogenic landscape. However, we find that the evolutionary episodes of positive selection that have acted on TRIM5 and TRIM22 are mutually exclusive, with generally only one of these genes being positively selected in any given primate lineage. We interpret this to mean that the positive selection of one gene has constrained the adaptive flexibility of its neighbor, probably due to genetic linkage. Finally, we find a striking congruence in the positions of amino acid residues found to be under positive selection in both TRIM5α and TRIM22, which in both proteins fall predominantly in the β2-β3 surface loop of the B30.2 domain. Astonishingly, this same loop is under positive selection in the multiple cow TRIM5 genes as well, indicating that this small structural loop may be a viral recognition motif spanning a hundred million years of mammalian evolution.
Monocular tracking of the human arm in 3D

We address the problem of estimating the position and motion of a human arm in 3D without any constraints on its behavior and without the use of special markers. We model the arm as two truncated right-circular cones connected with spherical joints. We propose to use a recursive estimator for arm position, and to provide the estimator with error signals obtained by comparing the projected estimated arm position with that of the actual arm in the image. The system is demonstrated and tested on a real image sequence. <<ETX>>
GENETICS OF HUMAN CELL LINES I I I . INCORPORATION O~" 5-BRo~o- AND 5-IoDoDEoxYuRIDINE INTO THE DEOX¥- RmONtrCLEIC Acre oF Htr~AN CELLS AND ITS EFFECT ON RADIATION SENSITMTY*

Strain D98S, a single cell isolate derived from human sternal marrow (1), can be cultivated indefinitely in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) ~ at concentrations below 10 ~g. per ml. Under these conditions BUDR is incorporated into the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) component of the cells, partially replacing thymidine. A comparison of the properties of these chemically modified cells with those of the parent cells revealed that a striking increase in radiation sensitivity is associated with BUDR incorporation (2-4). This finding in mammalian cells is analogous to that reported for BUDR-containing bacteriophages (5) and bacteria (6). Several aspects of the incorporation of BUDR and another thymidine analog, 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR), including its effect on radiosensitivity, were the subjects of this study. The opportunities afforded by BUDR labeling of DNA synthesized under various conditions were exploited, and the physicochemical and biological properties of such modified DNA were evaluated.
Can vouchers deliver? An evaluation of subsidies for maternal health care in Cambodia.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of vouchers for maternity care in public health-care facilities on the utilization of maternal health-care services in Cambodia. METHODS The study involved data from the 2010 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey, which covered births between 2005 and 2010. The effect of voucher schemes, first implemented in 2007, on the utilization of maternal health-care services was quantified using a difference-in-differences method that compared changes in utilization in districts with voucher schemes with changes in districts without them. FINDINGS Overall, voucher schemes were associated with an increase of 10.1 percentage points (pp) in the probability of delivery in a public health-care facility; among women from the poorest 40% of households, the increase was 15.6 pp. Vouchers were responsible for about one fifth of the increase observed in institutional deliveries in districts with schemes. Universal voucher schemes had a larger effect on the probability of delivery in a public facility than schemes targeting the poorest women. Both types of schemes increased the probability of receiving postnatal care, but the increase was significant only for non-poor women. Universal, but not targeted, voucher schemes significantly increased the probability of receiving antenatal care. CONCLUSION Voucher schemes increased deliveries in health centres and, to a lesser extent, improved antenatal and postnatal care. However, schemes that targeted poorer women did not appear to be efficient since these women were more likely than less poor women to be encouraged to give birth in a public health-care facility, even with universal voucher schemes.
Effects of Electrical Currents on Wound Contraction

A prospective randomized evaluation of the potential beneficial effects of electrical currents has been studied in 13 wounds in 7 pigs. The effect of electrical current was assessed by evaluation of wound contraction and residual open wound area. A 35 mA unipolar square wave stimulation for one-half hour stimulation periods twice a day showed consistent results in 13 wounds in 7 pigsApplication of negative currents shows no stimulation of wound contracture. In fact, negative currents seemed to retard wound contracture. After two weeks of treatment, the control wound had decreased to 58% of its original size, whereas wounds treated with negative currents were 93% of their original size. On the other hand, negative currents alternating with positive currents increased the rate of wound contraction for the first two to three weeks of treatment At two weeks these wounds were 18% of their original size and continued to decrease to 5% by three weeksWound contraction may be increased by electrical currents. The concept of alternating negative and positive currents has not been previously described and seems to offer some promise in this early study. Further work is underway to define the exact values required for the maximum effects on wound contraction
Congestion Control for Multi-flow Traffic in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

In this paper, we deal with congestion control for multi-flow traffic in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). For simulations, we used ns-3 open source network simulator considering Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) routing protocol. We present the MANET performance considering random waypoint mobility model for different number of nodes and different area sizes, by sending multi-flow traffic in the network. We found that coupling congestion control mechanisms between multi-flows have problems in some cases.
A fully integrated 8-channel closed-loop neural-prosthetic SoC for real-time epileptic seizure control

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Around 1% of the world's population is affected, and nearly 25% of the patients cannot be treated by available therapies. Recently, seizure-triggered feedback electrical stimulation has been proved to effectively suppress pathological brain activities [1], but devices with accurate detection and effective stimulation for real-time seizure control are still unavailable. In this paper, a fully integrated 8-channel closed-loop seizure-control SoC with entropy-and-spectrum-aided seizure detection and adaptive neural stimulation is presented. This chip is powered wirelessly, aiming for implantable devices. The functionality of the fabricated chip is verified in animal tests.
Seroprevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Routine Antenatal Care in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious cause of liver disease affecting millions of people throughout the world. When HBV is acquired during pregnancy, prenatal transmission can occur to the fetus. Therefore, this study is aimed at estimating seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV infection among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC) of Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 pregnant women visiting ANC from February to April, 2015. Data regarding sociodemographic and associated factors were gathered using questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.2–6.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that history of abortion (AOR = 7.775; 95% CI: 1.538–39.301) and having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 7.189; 95% CI: 1.039–49.755) were independent predictors of HBsAg seropositivity. In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV infection is intermediate. Therefore, screening HBV infection should be routine part of ANC; health information on having single sexual partner for women of childbearing age and on following aseptic techniques during abortion should be provided to health facilities working on abortion.
Epoxy composites filled with boron nitride and aluminum nitride for improved thermal conductivity

Epoxy composites containing boron nitride (BN) or aluminum nitride (AlN or Al2N3) particles have been studied with a view to obtaining increased thermal conductivity. The effect of these fillers on the cure reaction has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for two systems, epoxy-diamine and epoxy-thiol, and for volume fractions up to about 35 % of these filler particles. For the epoxy-diamine system, the glass transition temperature of the fully cured system, the heat of reaction, and the temperature at which the peak heat flow occurs were all independent of the cure conditions, filler type and content. In contrast, the epoxy-thiol system shows a systematic effect of filler on the peak temperature for both fillers: there is an initial acceleration of the reaction, which diminishes with increasing content, and the reaction is even significantly retarded at high contents for BN. This is interpreted in terms of an improved interface between epoxy matrix and particles, with a consequent enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the epoxy-thiol composites.
Surrogate Functions for Maximizing Precision at the Top

The problem of maximizing precision at the top of a ranked list, often dubbed [email protected] ([email protected]), finds relevance in myriad learning applications such as ranking, multi-label classification, and learning with severe label imbalance. However, despite its popularity, there exist significant gaps in our understanding of this problem and its associated performance measure. The most notable of these is the lack of a convex upper bounding surrogate for [email protected] We also lack scalable perceptron and stochastic gradient descent algorithms for optimizing this performance measure. In this paper we make key contributions in these directions. At the heart of our results is a family of truly upper bounding surrogates for [email protected] These surrogates are motivated in a principled manner and enjoy attractive properties such as consistency to [email protected] under various natural margin/noise conditions. These surrogates are then used to design a class of novel perceptron algorithms for optimizing [email protected] with provable mistake bounds. We also devise scalable stochastic gradient descent style methods for this problem with provable convergence bounds. Our proofs rely on novel uniform convergence bounds which require an in-depth analysis of the structural properties of [email protected] and its surrogates. We conclude with experimental results comparing our algorithms with state-of-the-art cutting plane and stochastic gradient algorithms for maximizing [email protected]
Performance comparison of genetic markers for high‐throughput sequencing‐based biodiversity assessment in complex communities

Metabarcode surveys of DNA extracted from environmental samples are increasingly popular for biodiversity assessment in natural communities. Such surveys rely heavily on robust genetic markers. Therefore, analysis of PCR efficiency and subsequent biodiversity estimation for different types of genetic markers and their corresponding primers is important. Here, we test the PCR efficiency and biodiversity recovery potential of three commonly used genetic markers – nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (mt16S) – using 454 pyrosequencing of a zooplankton community collected from Hamilton Harbour, Ontario. We found that biodiversity detection power and PCR efficiency varied widely among these markers. All tested primers for COI failed to provide high‐quality PCR products for pyrosequencing, but newly designed primers for 18S and 16S passed all tests. Furthermore, multiple analyses based on large‐scale pyrosequencing (i.e. 1/2 PicoTiter plate for each marker) showed that primers for 18S recover more (38 orders) groups than 16S (10 orders) across all taxa, and four vs. two orders and nine vs. six families for Crustacea. Our results showed that 18S, using newly designed primers, is an efficient and powerful tool for profiling biodiversity in largely unexplored communities, especially when amplification difficulties exist for mitochondrial markers such as COI. Universal primers for higher resolution markers such as COI are still needed to address the possible low resolution of 18S for species‐level identification.