Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of different fissure sealant applications on laser fluorescence measurements.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of using only phosphoric acid or a self-etch bonding agent under clear and opaque fissure sealants on laser fluorescence (LF) readings and the reproducibility of the laser device. METHODS Eighty extracted permanent molars, ranged from sound to carious, were randomly divided into four groups: phosphoric acid + opaque sealant (group I), Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Japan) + opaque sealant (group II), phosphoric acid + clear sealant (group III), and Clearfil S3 Bond + clear sealant (group IV). The teeth were measured using an LFpen device, before and after sealing. Data were analysed using the Spearman's correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Except group IV, there was a statistically significant decrease in fluorescence after the application of sealants (P < 0.05). The decrease of LFpen readings in the opaque sealant groups was more significant than the clear sealant groups (P < 0.05). But for both sealants, the difference between phosphoric acid and Clearfil S3 Bond groups was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant decrease in fluorescence for both clear and opaque sealant groups. However, clear sealant with Clearfil S3 Bond does not influence the LFpen readings.
Toward a Taxonomy of Written Errors: Investigation into the Written Errors of Hong Kong Cantonese ESL Learners.

This article examines common lexicogrammatical problems found in Cantonese English as a second language (ESL) learners' written English output. A study was conducted with 387 student participants, who were asked to do two untutored and unaided free-writing tasks of about 200–300 words each. A range of lexicogrammatical error types commonly found among Hong Kong Cantonese ESL learners was identified. Errors from the lexical level included vocabulary compensation and inaccurate directionality; errors from the syntactic level included calquing, existential structures, incorrect ordering of adverbials, and independent clauses as subjects; and those from the discourse level included periphrastic-topic constructions. Mothertongue influence was inevitably an important source of the problems, but inadequate mastery of correct usage of the target language and universal processes were also important factors. The results of the study have potential for enhancing our understanding of the interlanguage grammar of learners and the nature, sources, and prevalence of learner problems. The results also have promising pedagogical implications, as they inform teachers of the levels, nature, sources, prevalence, and gravity of learner errors and equip them with the key ingredients needed for the design of appropriate remedial instructional materials. A discussion of how the taxonomical classification would be useful for language teachers is also given.
Explaining the Black-White Test Score Gap: The Role of Test Perceptions

The Black-White gap in test scores on cognitive ability tests has been the subject of much research effort. This article critically evaluates the literature regarding one potential contributor to the gap: test perceptions. A model of how these perceptions affect test performance is presented, and the literature linking them to test performance and race is evaluated. Directions for future research and intervention are discussed.
Thin healthy women have a similar low bone mass to women with anorexia nervosa

An association between anorexia nerviosa (AN) and low bone mass has been demonstrated. Bone loss associated with AN involves hormonal and nutritional impairments, though their exact contribution is not clearly established. We compared bone mass in AN patients with women of similar weight with no criteria for AN, and a third group of healthy, normal-weight, age-matched women. The study included forty-eight patients with AN, twenty-two healthy eumenorrhoeic women with low weight (LW group; BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) and twenty healthy women with BMI >18·5 kg/m2 (control group), all of similar age. We measured lean body mass, percentage fat mass, total bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density in lumbar spine (BMD LS) and in total (tBMD). We measured anthropometric parameters, leptin and growth hormone. The control group had greater tBMD and BMD LS than the other groups, with no differences between the AN and LW groups. No differences were found in tBMD, BMD LS and total BMC between the restrictive (n 25) and binge–purge type (n 23) in AN patients. In AN, minimum weight (P = 0·002) and percentage fat mass (P = 0·02) explained BMD LS variation (r2 0·48) and minimum weight (r2 0·42; P = 0·002) for tBMD in stepwise regression analyses. In the LW group, BMI explained BMD LS (r2 0·72; P = 0·01) and tBMD (r2 0·57; P = 0·04). We concluded that patients with AN had similar BMD to healthy thin women. Anthropometric parameters could contribute more significantly than oestrogen deficiency in the achievement of peak bone mass in AN patients.
Whole-Genome Scan in Thelytokous-Laying Workers of the Cape Honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis): Central Fusion, Reduced Recombination Rates and Centromere Mapping Using Half-Tetrad Analysis

While workers of almost all subspecies of honeybee are able to lay only haploid male eggs, Apis mellifera capensis workers are able to produce diploid female eggs by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Cytological analyses have shown that during parthenogenesis, egg diploidy is restored by fusion of the two central meiotic products. This peculiarity of the Cape bee preserves two products of a single meiosis in the daughters and can be used to map centromere positions using half-tetrad analysis. In this study, we use the thelytokous progenies of A. m. capensis workers and a sample of individuals from a naturally occurring A. m. capensis thelytokous clone to map centromere position for most of the linkage groups of the honeybee. We also show that the recombination rate is reduced by >10-fold during the meiosis of A. m. capensis workers. This reduction is restricted to thelytokous parthenogenesis of capensis workers and is not observed in the meiosis of queen within the same subspecies or in arrhenotokous workers of another subspecies. The reduced rate of recombination seems to be associated with negative crossover interference. These results are discussed in relation to evolution of thelytokous parthenogenesis and maintenance of heterozygosity and female sex after thelytoky.
Accountability and Accounting: Using Naturalistic Methodology to EnhanceOrganizational Control – A Case Study

Reports a case study investigating the use of naturalistic methodology to enhance the accountability of strategic decision making in a community health service. Discovers the possibilities and problems of stakeholders′ evaluation to improve accounting information. The study involved a district health psychogeriatric service in southern England over the period 1988‐1992.
A review and classification of analytical methods for climate change adaptation

The exchange of coherent arguments about methods applied in the field of climate change adaptation is challenging due to the growing diversity of analytical methods applied from natural science and social science. This is further complicated by the abstract and ambiguous terms, such as vulnerability and adaptive capacity, employed in the literature and the inadequate consideration given to the wider array of social science methods that are being applied now that adaptation has become a practical necessity. To address these limitations, a review and novel classification of vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation methods is presented. Methods are classified based on goals addressed, thematic clusters of variables involved, and underlying theoretical assumptions. On the top‐level, methods are distinguished into impact analysis, behavior analysis, institutional analysis, and decision analysis methods. The first three branches are further classified according to descriptive, explanatory, and predictive goals, as well as theoretical assumptions. For each type, empirical conditions of applicability and examples from the literature are presented. While this classification can only be partial due to the ever growing methodological diversity in the field of climate change adaptation, we provide a more rigorous basis for the coherent exchange of methodological arguments and thereby hope to foster the interdisciplinary dialog needed to advance the field. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:171–188. doi: 10.1002/wcc.322
Bored employees misbehaving: The relationship between boredom and counterproductive work behaviour

In this study, the relationships among boredom proneness, job boredom, and counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) were examined. Boredom proneness consists of several factors, which include external stimulation and internal stimulation. Given the strong relationships between both the external stimulation factor of boredom proneness (BP-ext) and anger as well as the strong relationship between trait anger and CWB, we hypothesized that examining BP-ext would help us to better understand why employees commit CWB. Five types of CWB have previously been described: abuse against others, production deviance, sabotage, withdrawal and theft. To those we added a sixth, horseplay. Using responses received from 211 participants who were recruited by email from throughout North America (112 of them matched with co-workers), we found support for our central premise. Indeed, both BP-ext and job boredom showed significant relationships with various types of CWB. The boredom proneness factor also moderated the relationship between job boredom and some types of CWB, suggesting that a better understanding of boredom is imperative for designing interventions to prevent CWB.
Decomposing age correlations on neuropsychological and cognitive variables

Abstract Individual differences associated with age and various neurological conditions are often found in many different neuropsychological and cognitive variables. These variables are frequently treated as though they were independent of one another, with the results interpreted in terms of effects on task-specific processes. However, an alternative perspective evaluates the breadth of the individual difference influences, and takes relations with other variables into account when considering effects on specific neurocognitive variables. This analytical procedure is illustrated in analyses of the WAIS-IV and WMS-IV standardization data, and of data from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project. (JINS, 2009, 15, 650–661.)
Aerosol direct radiative effect of smoke over clouds over the southeast Atlantic Ocean from 2006 to 2009

The aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) of African smoke was analyzed in cloud scenes over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, using Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2 (HadGEM2) climate model simulations. The observed mean DRE was about 30–35 W m−2 in August and September 2006–2009. In some years, short episodes of high‐aerosol DRE can be observed, due to high‐aerosol loadings, while in other years the loadings are lower but more prolonged. Climate models that use evenly distributed monthly averaged emission fields will not reproduce these high‐aerosol loadings. Furthermore, the simulated monthly mean aerosol DRE in HadGEM2 is only about 6 W m−2 in August. The difference with SCIAMACHY mean observations can be partly explained by an underestimation of the aerosol absorption Ångström exponent in the ultraviolet. However, the subsequent increase of aerosol DRE simulation by about 20% is not enough to explain the observed discrepancy between simulations and observations.
Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis Is Present in Liver-Specific ACC1-Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. In mammals, two isozymes exist with distinct physiological roles: cytosolic ACC1 participates in de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and mitochondrial ACC2 is involved in negative regulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Since systemic ACC1 null mice were embryonic lethal, to clarify the physiological role of ACC1 in hepatic DNL, we generated the liver-specific ACC1 null mouse by crossbreeding of an Acc1lox(ex46) mouse, in which exon 46 of Acc1 was flanked by two loxP sequences and the liver-specific Cre transgenic mouse. In liver-specific ACC1 null mice, neither hepatic Acc1 mRNA nor protein was detected. However, to compensate for ACC1 function, hepatic ACC2 protein and activity were induced 1.4 and 2.2 times, respectively. Surprisingly, hepatic DNL and malonyl-CoA were maintained at the same physiological levels as in wild-type mice. Furthermore, hepatic DNL was completely inhibited by an ACC1/2 dual inhibitor, 5-tetradecyloxyl-2-furancarboxylic acid. These results strongly demonstrate that malonyl-CoA from ACC2 can access fatty acid synthase and become the substrate for the DNL pathway under the unphysiological circumstances that result with ACC1 disruption. Therefore, there does not appear to be strict compartmentalization of malonyl-CoA from either of the ACC isozymes in the liver.
A new genus and species of mandibulate nasute termite (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae) from Brazil

Abstract Acangaobitermes krishnai gen. et sp. n. , is described here, based on soldiers and workers collected in Brazil. Some characteristics suggest a close kinship with Noirotitermes Cancello & Myles, and both genera share the following traits absent in all other Syntermitinae: the microsculpturing on the soldier head capsule surface with internal granulations; the piercing mandibles with a single very reduced marginal tooth and the worker very similar in both genera. The most conspicuous differences between Acangaobitermes and Noirotitermes are the shape of the soldier head, the frontal tube and pronotum. The shape of the soldier head in Noirotitermes is unusual, with a very broad and short frontal tube, four conspicuous protuberances like sharp corners at the rear, while in the new genus the posterior contour of the head is devoid of these protuberances. The frontal tube of Acangaobitermes is elongate and conical, while in Noirotitermes it is short and very broad. The pronotum of Acangaobitermes is saddle-shaped as is usual in other Syntermitinae, while it is aberrant in Noirotitermes.
Inhibition of MALT1 protease activity is selectively toxic for activated B cell–like diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma in humans. The aggressive activated B cell–like (ABC) subtype of DLBCL is characterized by constitutive NF-κB activity and requires signals from CARD11, BCL10, and the paracaspase MALT1 for survival. CARD11, BCL10, and MALT1 are scaffold proteins that normally associate upon antigen receptor ligation. Signal-induced CARD11–BCL10–MALT1 (CBM) complexes couple upstream events to IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB activation. MALT1 also possesses a recently recognized proteolytic activity that cleaves and inactivates the negative NF-κB regulator A20 and BCL10 upon antigen receptor ligation. Yet, the relevance of MALT1 proteolytic activity for malignant cell growth is unknown. Here, we demonstrate preassembled CBM complexes and constitutive proteolysis of the two known MALT1 substrates in ABC-DLBCL, but not in germinal center B cell–like (GCB) DLBCL. ABC-DLBCL cell treatment with a MALT1 protease inhibitor blocks A20 and BCL10 cleavage, reduces NF-κB activity, and decreases the expression of NF-κB targets genes. Finally, MALT1 paracaspase inhibition results in death and growth retardation selectively in ABC-DLBCL cells. Thus, our results indicate a growth-promoting role for MALT1 paracaspase activity in ABC-DLBCL and suggest that a pharmacological MALT1 protease inhibition could be a promising approach for lymphoma treatment.
Low-dose aspirin vs low-dose aspirin plus low-intensity warfarin in thromboprophylaxis: a prospective, multicentre, randomized, open, controlled trial in patients positive for antiphospholipid antibodies (ALIWAPAS).

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to examine the efficacy and safety of low-dose aspirin (LDA) vs LDA plus low-intensity warfarin (LDA + W) in the primary thrombosis prevention of aPL-positive patients with SLE and/or obstetric morbidity and the role of clinical and serological markers in the development of thrombosis. METHODS In this 5-year prospective, randomized, open, controlled trial, 166 patients with aPL were randomly assigned using a minimization protocol to receive treatment with LDA (n = 82) or LDA + W [international normalized ratio (INR) = 1.5] (n = 84). Sixty-six patients who declined randomization were followed up in an observational arm. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and medication side effects were recorded. RESULTS There were no differences in the number of thromboses between patients treated with LDA (4/82) or LDA + W (4/84) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% CI 0.27, 4.3]. The incidence of thrombosis in the randomized patients was 8/166 (1.8 events/100 person-years) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.27, 4.3) and in the observational arm was 7/66 (4.9 events/100 person-years) (HR 2.43, 95% CI 0.87, 6.79). Sixty-five of 66 patients included in the observational arm received LDA. None of the examined clinical or serological factors appeared to predict thrombosis. Medication side effects included mild gastrointestinal symptoms in the LDA group (n = 2) and bleeding in the LDA + W group (n = 11; 1 nasal and 10 menorrhagia). The risk difference for bleeding was 13% (CI 6, 20). CONCLUSION No differences in the number of thromboses were observed between patients treated with LDA vs those treated with LDA + W. More episodes of bleeding were detected in the LDA + W group. The LDA + W regime was significantly less safe and not as acceptable as LDA alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN81818945; http://isrctn.org/.
Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy

Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be experienced by the organism. Motivational analyses should restrict themselves, therefore, to the altruistic impulse and its knowable consequences. Empathy is an ideal candidate mechanism to underlie so-called directed altruism, i.e., altruism in response to anothers's pain, need, or distress. Evidence is accumulating that this mechanism is phylogenetically ancient, probably as old as mammals and birds. Perception of the emotional state of another automatically activates shared representations causing a matching emotional state in the observer. With increasing cognition, state-matching evolved into more complex forms, including concern for the other and perspective-taking. Empathy-induced altruism derives its strength from the emotional stake it offers the self in the other's welfare. The dynamics of the empathy mechanism agree with predictions from kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory.
The Canterbury QuestionBank: building a repository of multiple-choice CS1 and CS2 questions

In this paper, we report on an ITiCSE-13 Working Group that developed a set of 654 multiple-choice questions on CS1 and CS2 topics, the Canterbury QuestionBank. We describe the questions, the metadata we investigated, and some preliminary investigations of possible research uses of the QuestionBank. The QuestionBank is publicly available as a repository for computing education instructors and researchers.
"Don't Affect the Share Price": Social Media Policy in Higher Education as Reputation Management

The last 5 years have seen a growing number of universities use social media services such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube to engage with past, present and prospective students. More recently still, a number of universities have published policy or guidance documents on the use of social media for a range of universityrelated purposes including learning, teaching and assessment. This study considers the social media policies of 14 universities in the United Kingdom (UK) that are currently in the public domain. It addresses some of the ways in which Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are responding to both the positive potential of social media as well as its perceived threats. Drawing inspiration, if not actual method, from critical discourse analysis, this study argues that marketisation has been the main policy driver with many social media policies being developed to promote university ‘‘brands’’ as well as protect institutional reputation. The creation and implementation of social media policies are therefore playing a role in helping universities manage both the risks and the benefits of social media in the context of an increasingly marketised Higher Education (HE) environment in which protecting institutional reputation has become a priority. However, in the defence of the metaphorical institutional ‘‘share price’’, some policies constrain both academic autonomy and the possibilities for innovation and risk-taking. Keywords: policy; social media; openness; sharing; academic autonomy; research; thought piece (Published: 30 August 2012) http://dx.doi. org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0. 19194
Police Officers’ Lie Detection Accuracy: Interrogating Freely Versus Observing Video

The study investigated experienced police officers’ (N = 30) lie detection accuracy. Each police officer conducted an interrogation of a college student acting as a suspect either guilty or innocent of a mock crime and made a veracity judgment of the suspect. The police officers had the opportunity to conduct the interrogation in the manner of their own choice. The lie detection accuracy of these police officers was compared to that of police officers judging videotaped versions of the interrogations. The police officers failed to detect deception better than chance. There was no difference in accuracy between police officers interrogating live and observing video. The interrogators reported to rely on verbal content more when interrogating than when watching video. It seems as though police officers have a difficult time detecting deception not only in passive contexts but also in active ones.
Dissolution behavior of prednisolone from solid dispersion systems with cyclodextrins and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Solid dispersion systems of prednisolone-cyclodextrins (CD) and prednisolone-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared by the spray-drying method. The dissolution rates of prednisolone were markedly increased in these solid dispersion systems in the pharmacopeial disintegration medium at pH 6.8. In particular, the solid dispersion systems of prednisolone-CD inhibited and/or retarded the crystallization of prednisolone. The interaction of prednisolone with CD and PVP in water was also investigated. The apparent stability constants of the β- and γ-CD systems were both larger than that of the PVP system.