Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Accuracy of Fetal Weight Estimation with a Gender-Specific Weight Formula

Objective: To test whether Schild’s sex-specific formula for estimating fetal weight is more accurate than commonly used regression formulae. Methods: The gender-specific formula and 10 widely used equations were evaluated in a group of 989 pregnancies. Each fetus underwent ultrasound examination with complete biometric parameters within 7 days before delivery. Results: Over the whole weight range and in the subgroup of newborns with a birth weight between 2,500 and 3,999 g, the sex-specific weight formula from Schild demonstrated the best level of accuracy. For infants with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g as well as for macrosomic newborns, the gender-specific formula did not improve fetal weight estimation. Conclusion: In pregnancies where fetal gender is known, Schild’s regression formula should be used when fetal weight lies within the range of 2,500–3,999 g.
AN L ESPACE FOR BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS AND SEMIREFLEXIVITY OF L^, 2, ju)

This note indicates how one can use the ideas of strict topologies on spaces of continuous functions to, at a single stroke, obtain an extended construction of L -spaces without reference to measure, obtain ordinary L(X9 2, ju)-spaces as the natural dual of L°°(X, 2, ju) and obtain a view of the dual pairing (L°°, L) that is very much like that of (C, M), where C is a space of bounded continuous functions and M a space of bounded Baire or Borel measures. Earlier results, [1] and [4] , suggest this development. In [1] , Buck shows that M, the compact regular Borel measures on locally compact X, results as (C(JO> P)\ where 0 is the topology on C(X) defined by the seminorms ll/llç = sup{ I ƒ(*)£(*) I x G X}, with J G C vanishing at °°. In [4] , this writer showed how j3-methods extend to completely regular X, with £ = 0 over compact sets, or zero sets, in pX\X. For X = { 1, 2, . }, /°° = C and I = M, and by [1] , (/", ($)' = l. By choosing | = 0 over certain closed nowhere dense subsets of the appropriate Stone space, we show herein that this result is more than the small coincidence formally expected. 2. The space Z(A). Let A be a Boolean algebra [6] and let S be its Stone space with rj(a) C S denoting the compact-open set corresponding to
Novelty vs. Familiarity Principles in Preference Decisions: Task-Context of Past Experience Matters

Our preferences are shaped by past experience in many ways, but a systematic understanding of the factors is yet to be achieved. For example, studies of the mere exposure effect show that experience with an item leads to increased liking (familiarity preference), but the exact opposite tendency is found in other studies utilizing dishabituation (novelty preference). Recently, it has been found that image category affects whether familiarity or novelty preference emerges from repeated stimulus exposure (Park et al., 2010). Faces elicited familiarity preference, but natural scenes elicited novelty preference. In their task, preference judgments were made throughout all exposures, raising the question of whether the task-context during exposure was involved. We adapt their paradigm, testing if passive exposure or objective judgment task-contexts lead to different results. Results showed that after passive viewing, familiar faces were preferred, but no preference bias in either direction was found with natural scenes, or with geometric figures (control). After exposure during the objective judgment task, familiar faces were preferred, novel natural scenes were preferred, and no preference bias was found with geometric figures. The overall results replicate the segregation of preference biases across object categories and suggest that the preference for familiar faces and novel natural scenes are modulated by task-context memory at different processing levels or selection involvement. Possible underlying mechanisms of the two types of preferences are discussed.
A Tunable Coarse-Grained Model for Ligand-Receptor Interaction

Cell-surface receptors are the most common target for therapeutic drugs. The design and optimization of next generation synthetic drugs require a detailed understanding of the interaction with their corresponding receptors. Mathematical approximations to study ligand-receptor systems based on reaction kinetics strongly simplify the spatial constraints of the interaction, while full atomistic ligand-receptor models do not allow for a statistical many-particle analysis, due to their high computational requirements. Here we present a generic coarse-grained model for ligand-receptor systems that accounts for the essential spatial characteristics of the interaction, while allowing statistical analysis. The model captures the main features of ligand-receptor kinetics, such as diffusion dependence of affinity and dissociation rates. Our model is used to characterize chimeric compounds, designed to take advantage of the receptor over-expression phenotype of certain diseases to selectively target unhealthy cells. Molecular dynamics simulations of chimeric ligands are used to study how selectivity can be optimized based on receptor abundance, ligand-receptor affinity and length of the linker between both ligand subunits. Overall, this coarse-grained model is a useful approximation in the study of systems with complex ligand-receptor interactions or spatial constraints.
Asset Pricing Bubble Formation with Heterogenous Agents

In this paper we study the accruement and decay of asset pricing bubbles under the assumption that young agents behave boundedly rational when rst entering the market and then gain more and more experience when growing older, nally reaching a state of perfect rational behavior. Therefore we set up an overlapping generations model where agents form their beliefs about the payo of a risky asset by compiling a rational signal element and an irrational momentum component. Young generations of traders are unexperienced in fundamental signal interpretation and thus put high weight on momentum observation whereas old generations overweight the signal term when making their decisions. We show that bubbles can arise and de ate endogenously in this setting when a signal arrives, and that experienced traders can make pro t in the market whereas unexperienced traders will loose money. Overall lifetime performance is dependent on the phase that the market is in when a trader rst enters it. Also we analyze exploiting behavior of experienced traders and show that after a shock they tend to push prices beyond the myopic optimum to induce strong momentum in the following period when optimizing their intertemporal utility in a dynamic way. JEL-Classi cation: G12, D83
Fatigability is increased with age during velocity-dependent contractions of the dorsiflexors.

BACKGROUND Muscle power is more relevant to the activities of daily living than is isometric strength. However, dynamic contractions have received little attention as they relate to the effect of age on muscle fatigue, particularly in very old persons. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate fatigue of the dorsiflexors during a velocity-dependent (isotonic) power task in 12 young (26 years), 12 old (64 years), and 12 very old (84 years) men. METHODS The fatigue protocol involved 25 maximal (as fast as possible) contractions at a load of 20% maximum isometric strength through a 25 degrees range of motion. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were recorded to assess agonist activation and antagonist coactivation, respectively. RESULTS Fatigability increased progressively with age as muscle power decreased by 13% in young men, 19% in old men, and 24% in very old men. In contrast, agonist activation and antagonist coactivation were unaffected by age. During the fatigue protocol, agonist activity decreased by 3%, 5%, and 4%, whereas antagonist activity increased by 11%, 13%, and 13% in young, old, and very old men, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that older adults are more fatigable than young adults during a velocity-dependent power task. This finding is in contrast to the majority of fatigue data previously reported from less functionally relevant isometric or isokinetic tasks.
Cardiac Arrhythmias after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Risk Factors and Impact on Outcome

Objective: Serious cardiac arrhythmias have been described in approximately 5% of patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to identify the frequency, risk factors and clinical impact of cardiac arrhythmia after SAH. Methods: We prospectively studied 580 spontaneous SAH patients and identified risk factors and complications associated with the development of clinically significant arrhythmia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the effect of arrhythmia on hospital complications and 3-month outcome, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale, after controlling for age, neurological grade, APACHE-2 physiologic subscore, brain herniation and aneurysm size. Results: Arrhythmia occurred in 4.3% (n = 25) of patients. Atrial fibrillation and flutter were the most common arrhythmias, occurring in 76% (n = 19) of these patients. Admission predictors of cardiac arrhythmia included older age, history of arrhythmia and abnormal admission electrocardiogram (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for length of stay, hospital complications associated with arrhythmia included myocardial ischemia, hyperglycemia, and herniation (all p < 0.05). Arrhythmia was associated with an excess ICU stay of 5 days (p = 0.002). After adjusting for other predictors of outcome, arrhythmia was associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted OR 8.0, 95% confidence interval 1.9–34.0, p = 0.005), and death or severe disability (adjusted OR 6.9, 95% confidence interval 1.5–32.0, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Clinically important arrhythmias, most often atrial fibrillation or flutter, occurred in 4% of SAH patients. Arrhythmias are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidity, prolonged hospital stay and poor outcome or death after SAH, after adjusting for other predictors of poor outcome.
Extra-target doses in children receiving multileaf collimator (MLC) based intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

PURPOSE To investigate the extra-target doses using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen children underwent multileaf collimator (MLC)-based IMRT. Treatment site was head and neck or brain in eight (Group I), trunk in two (Group II), and abdomen/pelvis in three (Group III). Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were placed at the thyroid gland, breast, and testis. A control group of seven children received conventional RT and TLD measurements. RESULTS For the eight Group I children, the median dose equivalent measurements during the course of IMRT to the thyroid, breast, and testis were 348 mSv, 110 mSv, and 30 mSv, respectively. For the two Group II patients, the measurements to the thyroid ranged from 1,525 to 2,449 mSv while for the testis was 62 mSv. For the Group III patients, the median dose equivalent measurements to the thyroid, breast, and testis were 182 mSv, 406 mSv, and 159 mSv. The median dose equivalent measurements to the thyroid, breast, and testis for Group I children were 300 mSv, 120 mSv, and 75 mSv. The Group II conventional patient had a measurement of 180 mSv, 80 mSv, and 80 mSv to the thyroid, breast, and testis. For the Group III conventional cases, the median dose equivalent measurements were 192 mSv, 496 mSv, and 434 mSv. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference was seen in the thyroid and breast doses of children receiving MLC-based IMRT compared to conventional RT for the treatment of head and neck/brain and abdominal/pelvic tumors.
Molecular Mechanisms of Microtubular Organelle Assembly in Tetrahymena

Abstract Thanks to recent technological advances, the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila has emerged as an attractive model organism for studies on the assembly of microtubular organelles in a single cell. Tetrahymena assembles 17 types of distinct microtubules, which are localized in cilia, cell cortex, nuclei, and the endoplasm. These diverse microtubules have distinct morphologies, stabilities, and associations with specific Microtubule-Associated Proteins. For example, kinesin-111, a microtubular motor protein, is required for assembly of cilia and is preferentially targeted to microtubules of actively assembled, immature cilia. It is unlikely that the unique properties of individual microtubules are derived from the utilization of diverse tubulin genes, because Tetrahymena expresses only a single isotype of α- and two isotypes of β-tubulin. However, Tetrahymena tubulins are modified secondarily by a host of post-translational mechanisms. Each microtubule organelle type displays a unique set of secondary tubulin modifications. The results of systematic in vivo mutational analyses of modification sites indicate a divergence in significance among post-translational mechanisms affecting either α- or β-tubulin. Both acetylation and polyglycylation of α-tubulin are not essential and their complete elimination does not change the cell's phenotype in an appreciable way. However, the multiple polyglycylation sites on β-tubulin are essential for survival, and their partial elimination dramatically affects cell motility, growth and morphology. Thus, both high-precision targeting of molecular motors to individual organelles as well as organelle-specific tubulin modifications contribute to the creation of diverse microtubules in a single cytoplasm of Tetrahymena.
A Genome-wide Association Study of Periodontitis in a Japanese Population

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease in which bacterial, lifestyle, and genetic factors are involved. Although previous genetic association studies identified several susceptibility genes for periodontitis in European populations, there is little information for Asian populations. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study and a replication study consisting of 2,760 Japanese periodontitis patients and 15,158 Japanese controls. Although single-nucleotide polymorphisms that surpassed a stringent genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10−8) were not identified, we found 2 suggestive loci for periodontitis: KCNQ5 on chromosome 6q13 (rs9446777, P = 4.83 × 10−6, odds ratio = 0.82) and GPR141-NME8 at chromosome 7p14.1 (rs2392510, P = 4.17 × 10−6, odds ratio = 0.87). A stratified analysis indicated that the GPR141-NME8 locus had a strong genetic effect on the susceptibility to generalized periodontitis in Japanese individuals with a history of smoking. In conclusion, this study identified 2 suggestive loci for periodontitis in a Japanese population. This study should contribute to a further understanding of genetic factors for enhanced susceptibility to periodontitis.
Sharing Health Information on Facebook: Practices, Preferences, and Risk Perceptions of North American Users

Motivated by the benefits, people have used a variety of webbased services to share health information (HI) online. Among these services, Facebook, which enjoys the largest population of active subscribers, has become a common place for sharing various types of HI. At the same time, Facebook was shown to be vulnerable to various attacks, resulting in unintended information disclosure, privacy invasion, and information misuse. As such, Facebook users face the dilemma of benefiting from HI sharing and risking their privacy. In this work, we investigate HI sharing practices, preferences, and risk perceptions among Facebook users. We interviewed 21 participants with chronic health conditions to identify the key factors that influence users’ motivation to share HI on Facebook. We then conducted an online survey with 492 Facebook users in order to validate, refine, and extend our findings. While some factors related to sharing HI were found in literature, we provide a deeper understanding of the main factors that influenced users’ motivation to share HI on Facebook. The results suggest that the gained benefits from prior HI sharing experiences, and users’ overall attitudes toward privacy, correlate with their motivation to disclose HI. Furthermore, we identify other factors, specifically users’ perceived health and the audience of the shared HI, that appear to be linked with users’ motivation to share HI. Finally, we suggest design improvements— such as anonymous identity as well as search and recommendation features—for facilitating HI sharing on Facebook and similar sites.
Good Deal Bounds Induced by Shortfall Risk

We consider, throughout this paper, an incomplete financial market which is governed by a possibly nonlocally bounded right-continuous with left-limits (RCLL) special semimartingale. We shall provide good deal bounds for contingent claims induced by shortfall risk in the framework of the Orlicz heart setting. We prove that the upper and lower bounds of such a good deal bound are expressed by a convex risk measure on an Orlicz heart. In addition, we obtain representation results for three types of model, which are an unconstrained portfolio model, a $W$-admissible model, and a predictably convex model.
Comprehensive characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Previous studies have suggested a geographical pattern of immunoglobulin rearrangement in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), which could be as a result of a genetic background or an environmental antigen. However, the characteristics of Ig rearrangements in the population from the South of France have not yet been established. Here, we studied CLL B‐cell repertoire and mutational pattern in a Southern French cohort of patients using an in‐house protocol for whole sequencing of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy‐chain genes. Described biased usage of variable, diversity and joining genes between the mutated and unmutated groups was found in our population. However, variable gene frequencies are more in accordance with those observed in the Mediterranean patients. We found that the third complementary‐determining region (CDR) length was higher in unmutated sequences, because of bias in the diversity and joining genes usage and not due to the N diversity. Mutations found in CLL followed the features of canonical somatic hypermutation mechanism: preference of targeting for activation‐induced cytidine deaminase and polymerase motifs, base change bias for transitions and more replacement mutations occurring in CDRs than in framework regions. Surprisingly, localization of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase motifs onto the variable gene showed a preference for framework regions. The study of the characteristics at the age of diagnosis showed no difference in clinical outcome, but suggested a tendency of increased replacement and transition‐over‐transversion mutations and a longer third CDR length in older patients.
Gender and Comorbid Psychopathologies in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

GENDER AND COMORBID PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES IN TODDLERS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS Erica Buchholz, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2012 Dissertation Director: Dr. Johannes Rojahn Comorbid psychopathology, the co-existence of two or more disorders, often occurs in individuals with developmental disabilities. This study examined whether there were sex differences in five types of psychopathology in three groups of infants and toddlers: (1) a group with autism (n = 201), (2) a group with pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (n = 254), and (3) a group at risk for developmental delays but without autism or PDD-NOS (n = 1146). The three groups were compared in a cross-sectional design at three ages: 12 to 24 months, 25 to 31 months, and 32 to 39 months of age. Five types of psychopathology (conduct/tantrum problem behaviors, inattention/impulsivity, anxiety, avoidance, and eating and sleeping problems) were assessed with the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT) – Part 2 for Infants and Toddlers. The major statistical analyses consisted of a factorial MANOVA and a factorial ANOVA. Results showed that children with autism were at the greatest risk for comorbid psychopathologies, followed by children with PDD-NOS, and then atypically developing children. Older children with autism were more strongly affected with comorbid symptoms than younger children with autism. Additionally, older children with PDD-NOS were more strongly affected by comorbid symptoms compared to younger children with PDD-NOS. No gender differences were found.
Gender and Classroom Behavior: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners

The most up to date research on gender factors influencing educational performance and behaviors illustrates that there are major differences in education participation, performance, and behaviors of different genders. Despite the increase in scholarship devoted to gender, the effect of gender on the learners’ classroom behavior has received relatively little attention. To this end, the present study attempted to investigate the effect of gender on the learners’ classroom behavior. Sixty English classes in different institutes in Kurdistan, Iran were recorded in order to examine the differences between the boys’ and girls’ classroom behavior, and also ten teachers who experienced teaching both boys and girls were asked to give their opinion about the learners’ behavior differences in the classroom. Results of the study identified several areas of differences between the boys and girls. Boys tend to be more active in the class by debating more and asking questions while girls tend to be less likely to voluntarily talk or ask questions. In the classroom, girls do all their homework because they want the teacher to like them. Boys need to find the homework assignment interesting and meaningful to them. Being aware of these differences can inform and direct what teachers do in the classroom, and help them to better meet the needs of the learners.
A molecular phylogeny for the frog genus Limnodynastes (Anura: myobatrachidae).

Members of the genus Limnodynastes are a prominent and widespread feature of the Australian frog fauna. Yet despite their potential to be informative about biogeographic history and mechanisms of speciation, the relationships among these taxa are not well known. We investigated phylogenetic relationships within the genus Limnodynastes via sequencing of mitochondrial (mt)DNA from current members of the genus Limnodynastes and the monotypic genus Megistolotis. a 450-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene and a 370-bp fragment of the protein-coding gene ND4 were used to infer a molecular phylogeny. We revise traditional species groupings and now recognize four species groups within Limnodynastes: the L. ornatus group (L. ornatus and L. spenceri), the L. peronii group (L. peronii, L. tasmaniensis, L. fletcheri, the L. depressus), the L. salmini group (L. salmini, L. convexiusculus, and L. lignarius), and the L. dorsalis group (L. dorsalis, L. terraereginae, L. dumerilii and L. interioris). The L. ornatus species group forms a highly distinctive clade that is a sister group to the other Limnodynastes groups. Pending broader phylogenetic studies it could be removed from the genus Limnodynastes. Our results concur with previous suggestions that Megistolotis lignarius is nested within Limnodynastes, and we therefore reclassify this species as Limnodynastes lignarius. Furthermore, specimens identified as L. depressus form a mtDNA lineage distinct from other species in the genus, confirming the validity of the species. Specimens of species from the L. dorsalis group (L. dorsalis, L. dumerilii, L. interioris, and L. terraereginae) are closely related such that L. dumerilii is paraphyletic with two other species. Finally, our study provides broad support for previous phylogenies based on microcomplement fixation.