Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Endogeneity of the Optimum Currency Area Criteria

A country's suitability for entry into a currency union depends on a number of economic conditions. These include, inter alia, the intensity of trade with other potential members of the currency union, and the extent to which domestic business cycles are correlated with those of the other countries. But international trade patterns and international business cycle correlations are endogenous. This paper develops and investigates the relationship between the two phenomena. Using thirty years of data for twenty industrialized countries, we uncover a strong and striking empirical finding: countries with closer trade links tend to have more tightly correlated business cycles. It follows that countries are more likely to satisfy the criteria for entry into a currency union after taking steps toward economic integration than before.
A sociology of Japanese youth : from returnees to NEETs

Over the past thirty years, whilst Japan has produced a diverse set of youth cultures which have had a major impact on popular culture across the globe, it has also developed a succession of youth problems which have led to major concerns within the country itself. Drawing on detailed empirical fieldwork, the authors of this volume set these issues in a clearly articulated ‘social constructionist’ framework, and put forth a sociology of Japanese youth problems which argues that there is a certain predictability about the way in which these problems are discovered, defined and dealt with. The chapters include case studies covering issues such as: Returnee children (kikokushijo) Compensated dating (enjo kosai) Corporal punishment (taibatsu) Bullying (ijime) Child abuse (jido gyakutai) The withdrawn youth (hikikomori) and NEETs (not in education, employment or training) By examining these various social problems collectively, A Sociology of Japanese Youth explains why particular youth problems appeared when they did and what lessons they can provide for the study of youth problems in other societies. This book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Japanese society and culture, the sociology of Japan, Japanese anthropology and the comparative sociology of youth studies.
Guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage: meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The goal of guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage (GTRC) is to repair gingival recession via new attachment formation. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted utilizing the concept of GTR to promote root coverage. Most GTRC studies have had relatively small sample sizes and have not utilized power calculations to determine appropriate sample size; therefore, it is difficult to draw strong conclusions from them. Hence, the purpose of this study is to combine data from currently available GTRC studies and to use meta-analysis to determine whether GTRC provides significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to conventional periodontal plastic surgical approaches for the treatment of marginal tissue recession. METHODS Studies were identified that used GTR approaches to treat gingival recession from January 1990 to October 2001. Information from each study was entered into a database. Data were analyzed according to the following criteria: GTRC versus conventional mucogingival surgery (CMGS); membrane type; root conditioning; pretreatment recession depth; adjunctive use of bone replacement graft (BRG); and source of funding. Studies were ranked independently, and mean data from each were weighted accordingly. Meta-analysis was performed using the weighted means for each group. Paired t tests were used to determine statistical significance between each pair of groups. RESULTS Forty papers were included for analysis. GTRC resulted in an average of 74% recession depth reduction, 41% complete root coverage, 3 mm AL gain, and 1 mm KG gain. Both GTRC and CMGS produced significant (P < 0.05) improvement compared to baseline measurements. Compared to GTRC, CMGS resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) increased KG (2.1 mm vs. 1.1 mm), root coverage (81% vs. 74%), and percentage of defects with complete root coverage (55% vs. 41 %). Use of absorbable membranes, root conditioning, shallow pretreatment recession (< 4 mm), and corporate sponsorship all resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) improved percentages of sites with complete root coverage but had no effect on other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Based on this meta-analysis, guided tissue regeneration-based root coverage can be used successfully to repair gingival recession defects. Conventional mucogingival surgery, however, resulted in statistically better root coverage, width of keratinized gingiva, and complete root coverage.
The Oxidation Status of Mic19 Regulates MICOS Assembly

ABSTRACT The function of mitochondria depends on the proper organization of mitochondrial membranes. The morphology of the inner membrane is regulated by the recently identified mitochondrial contact site and crista organizing system (MICOS) complex. MICOS mutants exhibit alterations in crista formation, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms that underlie MICOS regulation remain poorly understood. MIC19, a peripheral protein of the inner membrane and component of the MICOS complex, was previously reported to be required for the proper function of MICOS in maintaining the architecture of the inner membrane. Here, we show that human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MIC19 proteins undergo oxidation in mitochondria and require the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway, which couples the oxidation and import of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins for mitochondrial localization. Detailed analyses identified yeast Mic19 in two different redox forms. The form that contains an intramolecular disulfide bond is bound to Mic60 of the MICOS complex. Mic19 oxidation is not essential for its integration into the MICOS complex but plays a role in MICOS assembly and the maintenance of the proper inner membrane morphology. These findings suggest that Mic19 is a redox-dependent regulator of MICOS function.
Increased Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as a Surrogate Marker for Optimal Therapeutic Dosing of VEGF Receptor-2 Monoclonal Antibodies

A major obstacle compromising the successful application of many of the new targeted anticancer drugs, including angiogenesis inhibitors, is the empiricism associated with determining an effective biological/therapeutic dose because many of these drugs express optimum therapeutic activity below the maximum tolerated dose, if such a dose can be defined. Hence, surrogate markers are needed to help determine optimal dosing. Here we describe such a molecular marker, increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in normal or tumor-bearing mice that received injections of an anti-VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 monoclonal antibody, such as DC101. Rapid increases of mouse VEGF (e.g., within 24 hours) up to 1 order of magnitude were observed after single injections of DC101 in non–tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficient or nude mice; similar increases in human plasma VEGF were detected in human tumor-bearing mice. RAFL-1, another anti-VEGFR-2 antibody, also caused a significant increase in plasma VEGF. In contrast, increases in mouse VEGF levels were not seen when small molecule VEGFR-2 inhibitors were tested in normal mice. Most importantly, the increases in plasma VEGF were induced in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum values peaking when doses previously determined to be optimally therapeutic were used. Plasma VEGF should be considered as a possible surrogate pharmacodynamic marker for determining the optimal biological dose of antibody drugs that block VEGFR-2 (KDR) activity in a clinical setting.
The wadge hierarchy of Petri Nets ω-languages

We describe the Wadge hierarchy of the ω-languages recognized by deterministic Petri nets. This is an extension of the celebrated Wagner hierarchy which turned out to be the Wadge hierarchy of the ω-regular languages. Petri nets are an improvement of automata. They may be defined as partially blind multi-counter automata. We show that the whole hierarchy has height \(\omega^{\omega^2}\), and give a description of the restrictions of this hierarchy to every fixed number of partially blind counters.
FKBPs and the Akt/mTOR pathway

FK506-binding proteins (FKBP) belong to the immunophilin family and are best known for their ability to enable the immunosuppressive properties of FK506 and rapamycin. For rapamycin, this is achieved by inducing inhibitory ternary complexes with the kinase mTOR. The essential accessory protein for this gain-of-function was thought to be FKBP12. We recently showed that this view might be too restricted, since larger FK506-binding proteins can functionally substitute for FKBP12 in mammalian cells. Recent studies have also shown that FK506-binding proteins can modulate Akt-mTOR signaling in the absence of rapamycin. Here we discuss the role of FK506-binding proteins for the mechanism of rapamycin as well as their intrinsic actions on the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Visual Determinants of Reduced Performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test in Normal Aging Individuals

It is unknown to what extent the performance on the Stroop color-word test is affected by reduced visual function in older individuals. We tested the impact of common deficiencies in visual function (reduced distant and close acuity, reduced contrast sensitivity, and color weakness) on Stroop performance among 821 normal individuals aged 53 and older. After adjustment for age, sex, and educational level, low contrast sensitivity was associated with more time needed on card 1 (word naming), red/green color weakness with slower card 2 performance (color naming), and reduced distant acuity with slower performance on card 3 (interference). Half of the age-related variance in speed performance was shared with visual function. The actual impact of reduced visual function may be underestimated in this study when some of this age-related variance in Stroop performance is mediated by visual function decrements. It is suggested that reduced visual function has differential effects on Stroop performance which need to be accounted for when the Stroop test is used both in research and in clinical settings. Stroop performance measured from older individuals with unknown visual status should be interpreted with caution.
A Health Belief Model Approach to Adolescents' Fertility Control: Some Pilot Program Findings

We report initial findings from a community-based intervention intended to strengthen un married teenagers' fertility control behaviors (i.e., abstinence or consistent contraceptive usage). The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a conceptual framework for developing curriculum materials and for evaluating a 15-hour educational program targeted at 13- to 17-year-olds of both genders. Interview data pertaining to sexual and contraceptive perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors were collected three times in a no-control, short-term, longitudinal study design: (1) just before; (2) immediately after; and (3) three to six months following the intervention. Dependent variables of major interest were changes in perceptions, knowledge, and self-reported fertility control behaviors. Based on data from the 120 teenagers who completed the followup (80% of those completing the intervention), we found: (1) consistent contraceptive usage in creased significantly; (2) changes in HBM-based contraceptive perceptions and sexual knowledge at immediate post-testing were predictive of increases in contraceptive usage at longer followup; and (3) the majority (62%) remained abstinent from pre-intervention to followup. These findings, study limitations, and suggestions for a future controlled study are then discussed.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Sensitivity among Isolates of Klebsiella spp from Urine Samples in Denizli, Turkey

To determine the level of resistance to the widely used antibiotics in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. 15 isolates were collected from special hospital in Denizli and recorded at specimens. Antibiotic resistance was determined by agar disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. The results indicated that sensitivity rate of antibiotics was in the range of meropenem, norfloxacin, piperacillin/ tazobactam (100%), amikacin and ceftriaxone (93%) The most resistant antibiotic was ampicillin(73%). Out of 15 isolates, 3 (20%) isolates showed Multiple Antibiotic Resistance six to nine antibiotics.
A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum

Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi, HaiDian, Beijing, 100085, PR China International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, PR China School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Thasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand BioMarka/Center for Plant Health, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand CABI Europe UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY. AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Regional Center for Africa, PO Box 10 Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Rd 258, Hangzhou 310029, PR China 9 Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006 P.R. China Plant Pathology Herbarium, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly 4068, Queensland, Australia
Ocular hypotensive effect, preservation of visual fields, and safety of adding dorzolamide to prostaglandin therapy for twelve months

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the safety, hypotensive effect, and preservation of visual fields of dorzolamide when added to latanoprost. Subjects and methods: This study included 46 patients (46 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma who had been treated with latanoprost. Dorzolamide (1%) was added to latanoprost, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored before and after 3, 6, and 12 months. The mean deviation shown by Humphrey perimetry was compared before and after twelve months of treatment. Adverse reactions were monitored over the 12-month study period. Results: The mean baseline IOP was 17.2 ± 3.0 mmHg while those after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment were 14.9 ± 3.0 mmHg, 14.5 ± 3.2 mmHg, and 14.6 ± 2.6 mmHg respectively (P < 0.0001, 1-β(power) = 0.9999571). The absolute reduction of IOP and the percent reduction were similar after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. The mean deviation on Humphrey perimetry was similar before and after twelve months of treatment. Three patients discontinued dorzolamide therapy due to elevation of IOP and one patient discontinued it because of adverse reactions. Conclusion: Dorzolamide is safe and effective when used for twelve months as add-on therapy to latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma.
Interpersonal relations in nursing : a conceptual frame of reference for psychodynamic nursing

Part 1 Phases and roles in nursing situations: a definition of nursing phases of nurse-patient relationships roles in nursing. Part 2 Influences in nursing situations: human needs interferences to achievement of goals opposing goals unexplained discomfort. Part 3 Psychological tasks: learning to count on others learning to delay satisfaction identifying oneself developing skills in participation. Part 4 Methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process: observation, communication and recording.
Hysterectomy for Uterine Cancer in the Elderly: A Comparison Between Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Techniques

Objective The mainstay of treatment for uterine corpus cancer is surgical, and the gold standard approach has become minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the perioperative complications and demographics of patients 80 years old or more undergoing robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy for uterine cancer. Materials and Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we retrospectively identified all women aged 80 years or older who had hysterectomies for uterine cancer by either modality. The complication rates of surgery in both groups were adjusted for potential confounding and compared using logistic regression analyses. Results There were 915 women aged 80 years or older identified with uterine corpus cancer who had either laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Robotically treated patients were more likely to be obese (8.8% vs 3.5%) but were otherwise similar in terms of mean age, comorbidities, income, ethnicity, and insurance status. Those undergoing robotic surgery were less likely to have admissions beyond 3 days (29.0% vs 38.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; P < 0.01) and had a lower composite incidence of any complication (24.3% vs 31.6%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.7; P < 0.05). When looking at those who had lymph node dissections, there was a lower rate of postoperative ileus, and a trend toward fewer venous thromboembolic events. Conclusions Among octogenarians and nonagenarians with uterine corpus cancer, robotic surgery is associated with a shorter hospital admission and a better complication profile than laparoscopy.
Can local particle filters beat the curse of dimensionality

The discovery of particle filtering methods has enabled the use of nonlinear filtering in a wide array of applications. Unfortunately, the approximation error of particle filters typically grows exponentially in the dimension of the underlying model. This phenomenon has rendered particle filters of limited use in complex data assimilation problems. In this paper, we argue that it is often possible, at least in principle, to develop local particle filtering algorithms whose approximation error is dimension-free. The key to such developments is the decay of correlations property, which is a spatial counterpart of the much better understood stability property of nonlinear filters. For the simplest possible algorithm of this type, our results provide under suitable assumptions an approximation error bound that is uniform both in time and in the model dimension. More broadly, our results provide a framework for the investigation of filtering problems and algorithms in high dimension.
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection

Sound events often occur in unstructured environments where they exhibit wide variations in their frequency content and temporal structure. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are able to extract higher level features that are invariant to local spectral and temporal variations. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful in learning the longer term temporal context in the audio signals. CNNs and RNNs as classifiers have recently shown improved performances over established methods in various sound recognition tasks. We combine these two approaches in a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) and apply it on a polyphonic sound event detection task. We compare the performance of the proposed CRNN method with CNN, RNN, and other established methods, and observe a considerable improvement for four different datasets consisting of everyday sound events.
Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme

We are surrounded by information in the 21st Century: we are bombarded by advertising, attitudes, celebrities, news, wars, fashion, the latest fads.the sheer amount of information we have access to appears untameable, unworkable, and too much to gain sense from unless we pick and choose very carefully. However, our choices are very often made for us as the result of advertising, media companies, the government and popular culture. The results of these choices are called memes, and their impact is shaping not just society but us individually, and on a core level, beyond psychology, personal free will, and even genetics. The very first book on the subject of memes, and how they behave just like viruses, this is an incredible study into the power of communication and 'going along with everyone else'. "Virus of the Mind" explains just how we are 'infected' by the deliberate shaping of society's attitudes and behaviours - and how we can cure ourselves.
A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Abstract Herrerasauridae comprises a basal clade of dinosaurs best known from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and Brazil, which have yielded remains of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis and Staurikosaurus pricei, respectively. Systematic opinion regarding the position of Herrerasauridae at the base of Dinosauria has varied. Here we describe a new herrerasaurid, Sanjuansaurus gordilloi gen. n. , sp. n. , based on a partial skeleton from Carnian-age strata of the the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. The new taxon is diagnosed by numerous features, including long, band-shaped and posterolaterally oriented transverse process on the posterior cervical vertebrae; neural spines of the sixth to eighth dorsal vertebrae, at least, bearing acute anterior and posterior processes; scapula and coracoid with everted lateral margins of the glenoid; and short pubis (63% of the femoral length). Phylogenetic analysis placed Sanjuansaurus within a monophyletic Herrerasauridae, at the base of Theropoda and including Herrerasaurus and Staurikosaurus. The presence of Sanjuansaurus at the base of the Ischigualasto Formation, along with other dinosaurs such as Herrerasaurus, Eoraptor, Panphagia, and Chromogisaurus suggests that saurischian dinosaurs in southwestern Pangea were already widely diversified by the late Carnian rather than increasing in diversity across the Carnian-Norian boundary.
Türkçe Test Maddelerinde Yanıtlama Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

This study was undertaken to evaluate how answering behaviour to the items of multiple- choice Turkish examination test of elementary school 8th grade students changes according to the item types, psychometric characteristics of items, students in the sub score, middle score, top score groups and gender. The research was carried with 220 numbers of 8th grade students in three elementary public schools. A multiple-choice Turkish test containing 20 items was prepared for the objective of the study. Together with the Turkish test, the Answering Behaviour Form comprising nine items about behaviour was also applied at the same time for determining answering behaviour of the students. It was found that the students mostly showed the behaviour of “I have read the question and choices, and marked the choice that I supposed to be correct”. Percentage occurrence of behaviour of “I have read the question and choices, and marked the choice that I supposed to be correct” decreases with the difficulty of the item and increases with the judges estimates of discrimination power of items. The behaviours of getting correct answer by eliminating false choices, marking any choice and leaving unmarked decrease with the increasing performance scores and with the judges estimates of discrimination power of items.