Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic disadvantage and unsafe sexual behaviors among young women and men in South Africa

Recent evidence suggests that the burden of new HIV infections in developing countries is concentrated among young people and females. Even with knowledge of how to protect oneself from infection, such information may not always be usable in daily situations of economic and social disadvantage that characterize the lives of many young people and women in poor countries. Using household survey data collected in 2001, this study investigates how relative socioeconomic status influences the sexual behaviors of young women and men aged 14–24 years in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa—an environment characterized by high HIV prevalence and high rates of poverty and inequality. Relative economic disadvantage is found to significantly increase the likelihood of a variety of unsafe sexual behaviors and experiences. Low socioeconomic status not only increases female odds of exchanging sex for money or goods, it also raises female chances of experiencing coerced sex, and male and female odds of having multiple sexual partners in the year before the survey; it lowers female chances of secondary abstinence in the year before the survey, female and male age at sexual debut, condom use at last sex, and communication with most recent sexual partner about sensitive topics. Low socioeconomic status has more consistent negative effects on female than on male sexual behaviors; it also raises female risk of early pregnancy. Controlling for wealth and other factors, orphanhood confers added risk for unsafe sexual behaviors. Poorer young people, especially females, also have access to significantly fewer media sources for family planning information. Without sufficient attention in the design and placement of HIV prevention programs to the economic and social conditions in which individuals live, the potential effectiveness of the global response to HIV/AIDS is sacrificed.
The Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio as a Potential Marker of Plasma Atherogenicity

Background. The apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-I ratio represents the balance between apoB-rich atherogenic particles and apoA-I-rich antiatherogenic particles, and this ratio is considered to be a marker of cardiovascular risk. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in predicting the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, less is known about apoB/apoA-I ratio as a marker of plasma atherogenicity. Methods. A total of 157 normolipidemic men aged 20–59 years were included in the study. The plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, apoB, and apoE were determined after a 12 h fasting period. Results. The median of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in the studied normolipidemic subjects was 0.52, with values ranging from 0.19 to 2.60. The percentage of subjects with the apoB/apoA-I ratio exceeding 0.9 (the accepted risk value of cardiovascular disease) was 19.1%. The subjects with apoB/apoA-I>0.9 were characterized by higher TG levels and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lower values of ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to apoB (LDL-C/apoB) and apoE levels compared with men with apoB/apoA-I<0.9. Conclusion. Despite normolipidemia, the subjects with the unfavorable apoB/apoA-I ratio had more atherogenic lipid profile.
Social support and job satisfaction among student support services personnel

Current research has investigated the potential relationship between social support and job satisfaction. Researchers have found that social support can contribute to job satisfaction by buffering the effects of job stress. Using Cobb's ( 197 6) buffering hypothesis, the purpose of this study was ( a) to determine how satisfied student support services personnel were with their jobs and their social relationships, (b) to discover whether or not there were any differences in age, ethnicity, gender, and length of employment with respect to job satisfaction and social support, and ( c) to discover whether or not job satisfaction and social support were significantly correlated. ·The researcher mailed questionnaire packets to a random sample of300 student support services personnel who were members of the Southeastern Association of Educational Opportunity Program Personnel (SAEOPP) association. The surveys for this study included (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) the Job Satisfaction Survey, and (c) the Social Provisions Scale. After a subsequent follow-up, 150 usable surveys had been returned, yielding a response rate of 50.3 %. Statistical tests utilized to analyze data included multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of variance, and coefficient correlation. Frequencies, means, and standard deviations were used to describe the demographics of the participants. Participants were predominately female, either African American or White, and have worked 10 years or less. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed no significant differences between job satisfaction and (a) age, (b) ethnicity, (c) gender, or ( d) length of employment. In addition, no significant relationships existed between social support and (a) age, (b) gender, or (c) length of employment.
Fluorogenic Substrates for Visualizing Acidic Organelle Enzyme Activities

Lysosomes are acidic cytoplasmic organelles that are present in all nucleated mammalian cells and are involved in a variety of cellular processes including repair of the plasma membrane, defense against pathogens, cholesterol homeostasis, bone remodeling, metabolism, apoptosis and cell signaling. Defects in lysosomal enzyme activity have been associated with a variety of neurological diseases including Parkinson’s Disease, Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Fluorogenic lysosomal staining probes were synthesized for labeling lysosomes and other acidic organelles in a live-cell format and were shown to be capable of monitoring lysosomal metabolic activity. The new targeted substrates were prepared from fluorescent dyes having a low pKa value for optimum fluorescence at the lower physiological pH found in lysosomes. They were modified to contain targeting groups to direct their accumulation in lysosomes as well as enzyme-cleavable functions for monitoring specific enzyme activities using a live-cell staining format. Application to the staining of cells derived from blood and skin samples of patients with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Krabbe and Gaucher Diseases as well as healthy human fibroblast and leukocyte control cells exhibited localization to the lysosome when compared with known lysosomal stain LysoTracker® Red DND-99 as well as with anti-LAMP1 Antibody staining. When cell metabolism was inhibited with chloroquine, staining with an esterase substrate was reduced, demonstrating that the substrates can be used to measure cell metabolism. When applied to diseased cells, the intensity of staining was reflective of lysosomal enzyme levels found in diseased cells. Substrates specific to the enzyme deficiencies in Gaucher or Krabbe disease patient cell lines exhibited reduced staining compared to that in non-diseased cells. The new lysosome-targeted fluorogenic substrates should be useful for research, diagnostics and monitoring the effect of secondary therapeutic agents on lysosomal enzyme activity in drug development for the lysosomal storage disorders and allied diseases.
Perceived Confidence and Quality: Perception of Employers Towards Fresh Graduates: a Study in Malaysia

Graduates quality has become a major issue recently especially in today’s scenario. Graduates quality can be varying when it perceived by employers. Different sector of industry has different standard of quality. The interpretation of employers towards graduates counts the job placement of graduates. It is hard to standardized quality across industries. Several attributes show that competence relatedness and autonomy do influence the quality of graduates. A quantitative method was used in this study for data gathering. All items were using 10-point likert scale. The content validity of this questionnaire were reviewed by five human resource professionals, and Cronbach alpha for each item is more than 0.75 which is acceptable. Questionnaires were given to the human resource officers in the company through email. Convenient sampling was applied in this study for data collection. 50 questionnaires were distributed across manufacturing industry and services industry in Malaysia. Using Partial least square to analyze the data, this study found out that competence in communication is the same criteria which majority across industries are seeking upon graduates. Therefore, Industries that involved are manufacturing (34.38%) and services (65.63%). Measurement model and structural model were assessed to see the relationship. It shows that perception on competence has most influenced towards quality (AVE=0.849, R2=0.734=Q2=0.443). This study concludes that employers around the world are looking at similar attribute on graduate’s competence. This study also warrants a future research, whereby researcher could get more sample size and by doing sample which involves employers, graduates and educators.
Phase equilibria in the polydisperse Zwanzig model of hard rods

We study the phase behavior of the Zwanzig model of suspensions of hard rods, allowing for polydispersity in the lengths of the rods. In spite of the simplified nature of the model (rods are restricted to lie along one of three orthogonal axes), the results agree qualitatively with experimental observations: the coexistence region broadens significantly as the polydispersity increases, and strong fractionation occurs, with long rods found preferentially in the nematic phase. These conclusions are obtained from an analysis of the exact phase equilibrium equations. In the second part of the paper, we consider the application of the recently developed “moment free energy method” to the polydisperse Zwanzig model. Even though the model contains nonconserved densities due to the orientational degrees of freedom, most of the exactness statements (regarding the onset of phase coexistence, spinodals, and critical points) derived previously for systems with conserved densities remain valid. The accuracy of the res.
Magnetic bion condensation: A new mechanism of confinement and mass gap in four dimensions

In recent work, we derived the long-distance confining dynamics of certain QCDlike gauge theories formulated on small S1 × R3 based on symmetries, an index theorem, and Abelian duality. Here, we give the microscopic derivation. The solution reveals a new mechanism of confinement in QCD(adj) in the regime where we have control over both perturbative and nonperturbative aspects. In particular, consider SU(2) QCD(adj) theory with 1 ≤ nf ≤ 4 Majorana fermions, a theory which undergoes gauge symmetry breaking at small S1. If the magnetic charge of the BPS monopole is normalized to unity, we show that confinement occurs due to condensation of objects with magnetic charge 2, not 1. Because of index theorems, we know that such an object cannot be a two identical monopole configuration. Its net topological charge must vanish, and hence it must be topologically indistinguishable from the perturbative vacuum. We construct such non-self-dual topological excitations, the magnetically charged, topologically null molecules of a BPS monopole and KK antimonopole, which we refer to as magnetic bions. An immediate puzzle with this proposal is the apparent Coulomb repulsion between the BPS-KK pair. An attraction which overcomes the Coulomb repulsion between the two is induced by 2nf -fermion exchange. Bion condensation is also the mechanism of confinement in N = 1 SYM on the same four-manifold. The SU(N) generalization hints a possible hidden integrability behind nonsupersymmetric QCD of affine Toda type, and allows us to analytically compute the mass gap in the gauge sector. We currently do not know the extension to R4.
[18F]2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET/CT in mediastinal masses

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are excellent modalities for the localization of mediastinal masses and there are often features that may allow the correct diagnosis to be made. However, CT and MRI cannot usually assess the aggressiveness of masses or identify viable tumour in residual masses after chemotherapy. Metabolic imaging using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/CT, although not required in many cases, may be helpful for further characterization of masses and to guide the most appropriate site for biopsy.
Ll-37, the Neutrophil Granule–And Epithelial Cell–Derived Cathelicidin, Utilizes Formyl Peptide Receptor–Like 1 (Fprl1) as a Receptor to Chemoattract Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils, Monocytes, and T Cells

We have previously shown that antimicrobial peptides like defensins have the capacity to mobilize leukocytes in host defense. LL-37 is the cleaved antimicrobial 37-residue, COOH-terminal peptide of hCAP18 (human cationic antimicrobial protein with a molecular size of 18 kD), the only identified member in humans of a family of proteins called cathelicidins. LL-37/hCAP18 is produced by neutrophils and various epithelial cells. Here we report that LL-37 is chemotactic for, and can induce Ca2+ mobilization in, human monocytes and formyl peptide receptor–like 1 (FPRL1)-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. LL-37–induced Ca2+ mobilization in monocytes can also be cross-desensitized by an FPRL1-specific agonist. Furthermore, LL-37 is also chemotactic for human neutrophils and T lymphocytes that are known to express FPRL1. Our results suggest that, in addition to its microbicidal activity, LL-37 may contribute to innate and adaptive immunity by recruiting neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells to sites of microbial invasion by interacting with FPRL1.
The Case for ΩM = 0.33 ± 0.035

For decades, the determination of the mean density of matter (ΩM) has been tied to the distribution of light. This has led to a "bias," perhaps as large as a factor of 2, in determining a key cosmological parameter. Recent measurements of the physical properties of clusters, the cosmic microwave background anisotropy, and the power spectrum of mass inhomogeneity now allow a determination of ΩM without "visual bias. " The early data lead to a consistent picture of the matter and baryon densities, with ΩB = 0.039 ± 0.0075 and ΩM = 0.33 ± 0.035, respectively.
Effect of Village-wide Use of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets on Visceral Leishmaniasis Vectors in India and Nepal: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control in the Indian subcontinent is currently based on case detection and treatment, and on vector control using indoor residual spraying (IRS). The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LN) has been postulated as an alternative or complement to IRS. Here we tested the impact of comprehensive distribution of LN on the density of Phlebotomus argentipes in VL-endemic villages. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial with household P. argentipes density as outcome was designed. Twelve clusters from an ongoing LN clinical trial—three intervention and three control clusters in both India and Nepal—were selected on the basis of accessibility and VL incidence. Ten houses per cluster selected on the basis of high pre-intervention P. argentipes density were monitored monthly for 12 months after distribution of LN using CDC light traps (LT) and mouth aspiration methods. Ten cattle sheds per cluster were also monitored by aspiration. Findings A random effect linear regression model showed that the cluster-wide distribution of LNs significantly reduced the P. argentipes density/house by 24.9% (95% CI 1.80%–42.5%) as measured by means of LTs. Interpretation The ongoing clinical trial, designed to measure the impact of LNs on VL incidence, will confirm whether LNs should be adopted as a control strategy in the regional VL elimination programs. The entomological evidence described here provides some evidence that LNs could be usefully deployed as part of the VL control program. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov CT-2005-015374
EVALUATING MOBILITY MODELS WITHIN AN AD HOC NETWORK

iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. x DEDICATION . xi Chapter 1 AD HOC NETWORKS. 1 Chapter 2 ENTITY MOBILITY MODELS. 4 2.1 Cellular Mobility Models . 5 2.1. 1 Random Walk Mobility Model . 6 2.1. 2 Fluid-Flow Mobility Model . 11 2.1. 3 Random Gauss-Markov Mobility Model . 11 2.2 Ad Hoc Mobility Models . 12 2.2.1 Random Mobility Model. 14 2.2.2 Constant Velocity Random Direction Mobility Model. 14 2.2. 3 Random Waypoint Mobility Model . 15 2.2. 4 Random Direction Mobility Model. 16 2.2. 5 A Boundless Simulation Area Mobility Model. 18 2.2. 6 A Probabilistic Version of the Random Mobility Model. 21 2.2. 7 City Area, Area Zone, and Street Unit Mobility Model. 23 2.2. 8 A Hierarchy of Mobility Models by Lam . 25
Semiclassical equations for weakly inhomogeneous cosmologies.

The in-in effective action formalism is used to derive the semiclassical correction to Einstein's equations due to a massless scalar quantum field conformally coupled to small gravitational perturbations in spatially flat cosmological models. The vacuum expectation value of the stress tensor of the quantum field is directly derived from the renormalized in-in effective action. The usual in-out effective action is also discussed and it is used to compute the probability of particle creation. As one application, the stress tensor of a scalar field around a static cosmic string is derived and the back-reaction effect on the gravitational field of the string is discussed.
A COMPOSITE TRACE FOSSIL OF DECAPOD AND HYMENOPTERAN ORIGIN IN THE RICE BAY FORMATION ( HOLOCENE )

Composite trace fossils are the product of two or more species of tracemakers. In many instances, such traces are also caused by different tracemaker behaviors and by tracemakers with different environmental requirements. In this study, composite trace fossils from eolianites of the Holocene Rice Bay Formation, San Salvador, Bahamas are examined. These trace fossils are likely decapod dwelling burrows that were later modified by the addition of hymenopteran brooding chambers. The structures are definable in three ways: 1) large Y-shaped vertical burrows; 2) radiating clusters of small ellipsoidal chambers (cells); and 3) a combination of the two, in which the clusters are connected laterally to the exterior of the Y-shaped burrows by thin tunnels. The size and geometry of the Y-shaped burrows coincide with those of dwelling structures made by modern ghost crabs (Ocypode quadrata) and are assignable to the ichnogenus Psilonichnus. The size and geometry of the cell clusters are consistent with brooding chambers made by hymenopterans and are likely from halictid bees. The probable ichnogenera for these trace fossils are Celliforma and Cellicalichnus. The proposed scenario for the formation of this composite trace is: 1) a sandy area in a beachdune transition was occupied by burrowing ghost crabs; 2) burrows were left open or partially buried during or after crab occupation; 3) female hymenopterans entered these burrows and constructed tunnels and brooding chambers laterally adjacent to the main crab-burrow shafts; 4) eggs were laid in chambers, which were provisioned and sealed; 5) the broods developed into adults and exited the chambers; and 6) structures were buried and cemented. The paleoenvironmental significance of these composite structures is that insect brooding always takes place above the intertidal zone, thus the ghost crab burrows were isolated from direct marine influence long enough for secondary occupation by hymenopterans, yet also before cementation. They also indicate a more narrow facies range than that suggested by each individual trace fossil.
Oral voriconazole dose in children: one size does not fit all.

netii within free-living amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7:75–79. 5. Moliner C, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Genome analysis of microorganisms living in amoebae reveals a melting pot of evolution. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:281–294. 6. Raoult D, Boyer M. Amoebae as genitors and reservoirs of giant viruses. Intervirology 2010; 53:321–329. 7. Berger P, Papazian L, Drancourt M, La Scola B, Auffray JP, Raoult D. Ameba-associated microorganisms and diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:248– 255.
A morphable phase change memory architecture considering frequent zero values

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a high-dense and power-efficient choice for future main memory systems. While PCM cell size is marching towards minimum achievable feature size, recent prototypes effectively improve device scalability by storing multiple bits per each cell. Unfortunately, Multi-Level Cell (MLC) PCM devices offer higher access time and energy when compared to Single-Level Cell (SLC) counterparts making it difficult to incorporate MLC in main memory. To address this challenge, we proposes Zero-value-based Morphable PCM, ZM-PCM for short, a novel MLC-PCM main memory architecture which tries incorporating benefits of both MLC and SLC devices within the same structure. ZM-PCM relies on the observation that zero value at various granularities is frequently occurred within main memory transactions when running PARSEC-2 programs. Motivated by this observation, ZM-PCM codes redundant zero MLC cells into limited bits that is storable in the SLC (or alternatively in devices with fewer bits) form with improved latency, energy, and lifetime with no reduction in available main memory capacity. We evaluate microarchitecture design of morphable PCM cell, coding and decoding algorithms and details of related circuits. We also introduce a simple area-efficient caching mechanism for fast cost-efficient access to coding metadata. Our evaluation on a quad-core CMP with 4GB 8-bit MLC PCM main memory shows that ZM-PCM morphs up to 93% (and 50% on average) of all memory cells with lower densities which directly turns in performance, power and lifetime enhancement.
Transplantation of kidneys from paediatric DCD donors: a comparison with DBD donors.

BACKGROUND Although acceptable outcomes have been reported in kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD), little is known about kidney transplantation from paediatric DCD. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of kidney transplantation using paediatric DCD with the outcome of paediatric donation after brain death (DBD). METHODS Recipients from DCD and DBD donors <18 years of age transplanted in the Netherlands between January 1981 and July 2006 were included in this study. Ninety-one patients were transplanted with kidneys from paediatric DCD donors and 405 patients received grafts from paediatric DBD donors. RESULTS Grafts from DCD donors were associated with higher percentage of primary non-function (9 versus 2%, P < 0.01) and delayed graft function (48 versus 8%, P < 0.001) compared with DBD donor grafts. Estimated glomerular filtration rate did not differ between groups (57 ± 17 versus 58 ± 21 mL/min at 1 year and 62 ± 14 versus 57 ± 22 mL/min at 5 years, respectively). After correction for confounding variables, the risk of graft failure was higher in the DCD group [hazard ratio 2.440 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.280-4.650; P = 0.007]. Patient survival, however, was similar between groups [hazard ratio 1.559 (95% CI 0.848-2.867; P = 0.153)]. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric DCD kidneys represent a valuable source of donor kidneys that has not been fully utilized. Although transplantation of paediatric DCD kidneys is associated with a higher risk of graft failure than transplantation of paediatric DBD kidneys, results are comparable with adult donors. We therefore conclude that paediatric DCD kidneys can be safely added to the donor pool.