Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Profesionalitas dan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Zakat Terhadap Efektivitas Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat

The objectives of this research were 1) to analyze the correlation of amil zakat professionalism and accountability of zakat management to the effectiveness of economic empowerment in LAZ Daarut Tauhiid Bogor; 2) to analyze inhibiting and supporting factors from the effectiveness of empowerment spirit in LAZ Daarut Tauhiid Bogor. This research used probability sampling and simple random sampling technique to provide equal chances for each random respondent without looking at the strata of the population. The number of respondents was 159 mustahik. This research used SEM model (Structure Equation Model) to support three simultaneous activities; i.e. checking the validity and instrument reliability (confirmatory factor analysis), testing correlation model on latent variables (path analysis), and getting a model useful for forecasting (equipped with structural model and regression analysis). The results of this research showed that the value of Amil Zakat Professionalism was 0.600, and the value of Zakat Management Accountability was 0.440. Amil Zakat Professionalism Variable (X1) and Zakat Management Accountability (X2) on endogenous variables of the Effectiveness of Community Economic Empowerment (Y) with a value of 0.920 or 92%, and 8% compared to other factors outside the model.Keywords: professional, accountability, effectiveness, economic empowerment, zakatAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini 1) menganalisis hubungan antara profesionalitas amil zakat dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan zakat terhadap efektivitas pemberdayaan ekonomi umat pada LAZ Daarut Tauhiid Bogor, 2) menganalisis faktor penghambat dan faktor pendukung dari efektivitas pemberdayaan umat pada LAZ Daarut Tauhiid Bogor. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan, yaitu probability sampling dengan teknik pengambilan sampel, yaitu simple random sampling dimana memberi peluang yang sama bagi setiap responden secara acak tanpa melihat strata dalam populasi. Jumlah sampel responden sebanyak 159 mustahik. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Model SEM (Structure Equation Model) karena mendukung tiga kegiatan secara serempak, yaitu pemeriksaan validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen (setara dengan faktor analisis konfirmatori), pengujian model hubungan antar variabel laten (setara dengan analisis Path) dan mendapatkan model yang bermanfaat untuk prakiraan atau peramalan (setara dengan model struktural atau analisis regresi). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah nilai profesionalitas amil zakat sebesar 0,600 dan nilai akuntabilitas pengelolaan zakat sebesar 0,440. Adapun terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari keseluruhan variabel eksogen profesionalitas amil zakat (X1) dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan zakat (X2) terhadap variabel endogen efektifitas pemberdayaan ekonomi umat (Y) dengan nilai sebesar 0,920 atau sebesar 92% adapun 8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar model.Kata kunci: profesional, akuntabilitas, efektivitas, pemberdayaan ekonomi, zakat
Agency over a phantom limb and electromyographic activity on the stump depend on visuomotor synchrony: a case study

Most patients, post-amputation, report the experience of a phantom limb. Some even sense voluntary movements when viewing a mirror image of the intact limb superimposed onto the phantom limb. While delayed visual feedback of an action is known to reduce a sense of agency, the effect of delayed visual feedback on phantom motor sensation (i.e., sense of controlling a phantom limb) has not been examined. Using a video-projection system, we examined the effect of delayed visual feedback on phantom motor sensation in an upper-limb amputee (male; left upper-limb amputation). He was instructed to view mirrored video images of his intact hand clasping and unclasping during a phantom limb movement. He then rated the intensity of the phantom motor sensation. Three types of hand movement images were presented as follows: synchronous, asynchronous with a 250-ms delay, and asynchronous with a 500-ms delay. Results showed that phantom motor sensation decreased when the image was delayed by 250 and 500 ms. However, when we instructed the patient to adjust the phase of phantom limb movement to that of the image with a 500-ms delay, phantom motor sensation increased. There was also a positive correlation between intensity of phantom motor sensation and electromyographic (EMG) activity on deltoids at the patient’s stump. These results suggest that phantom motor sensation and EMG activity on the stump depend on visuomotor synchrony and top-down effects.
Sodium Thiosulfate Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Preserves Renal Function in Hyperoxaluric Rats

Background Hyperoxaluria causes crystal deposition in the kidney, which leads to oxidative stress and to injury and damage of the renal epithelium. Sodium thiosulfate (STS, Na2S2O3) is an anti-oxidant, which has been used in human medicine for decades. The effect of STS on hyperoxaluria-induced renal damage is not known. Methods Hyperoxaluria and renal injury were induced in healthy male Wistar rats by chronic exposure to ethylene glycol (EG, 0.75%) in the drinking water for 4 weeks. The treatment effects of STS, NaCl or Na2SO4 were compared. Furthermore, the effects of STS on oxalate-induced oxidative stress were investigated in vitro in renal LLC-PK1 cells. Results Chronic EG exposure led to hyperoxaluria, oxidative stress, calcium oxalate crystalluria and crystal deposition in the kidneys. Whereas all tested compounds significantly reduced crystal load, only STS-treatment maintained tissue superoxide dismutase activity and urine 8-isoprostaglandin levels in vivo and preserved renal function. In in vitro studies, STS showed the ability to scavenge oxalate-induced ROS accumulation dose dependently, reduced cell-released hydrogen peroxide and preserved superoxide dismutase activity. As a mechanism explaining this finding, STS was able to directly inactivate hydrogen peroxide in cell-free experiments. Conclusions STS is an antioxidant, which preserves renal function in a chronic EG rat model. Its therapeutic use in oxidative-stress induced renal-failure should be considered.
Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Prevents Oxidative Stress on Human Endothelial Cells without Toxicity

Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is a good candidate for the prevention of intracellular oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin present in two natural extracts from Haematococcus pluvialis, a microalgae strain, with that of synthetic astaxanthin. Natural extracts were obtained either by solvent or supercritical extraction methods. UV, HPLC-DAD and (HPLC-(atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)+)/ion trap-MS) characterizations of both natural extracts showed similar compositions of carotenoids, but different percentages in free astaxanthin and its ester derivatives. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay showed that natural extracts containing esters displayed stronger antioxidant activities than free astaxanthin. Their antioxidant capacities to inhibit intracellular oxidative stress were then evaluated on HUVEC cells. The intracellular antioxidant activity in natural extracts was approximately 90-times higher than synthetic astaxanthin (5 µM). No modification, neither in the morphology nor in the viability, of vascular human cells was observed by in vitro biocompatibility study up to 10 µM astaxanthin concentrations. Therefore, these results revealed the therapeutic potential of the natural extracts in vascular human cell protection against oxidative stress without toxicity, which could be exploited in prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Linear spatial pyramid matching using non-convex and non-negative sparse coding for image classification

Recently sparse coding have been highly successful in image classification mainly due to its capability of incorporating the sparsity of image representation. In this paper, we propose an improved sparse coding model based on linear spatial pyramid matching(SPM) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. The novelty is the simultaneous non-convex and non-negative characters added to the sparse coding model. Our numerical experiments show that the improved approach using non-convex and non-negative sparse coding is superior than the original ScSPM[1] on several typical databases.
The Subresultant PRS Algorithm

Two earlier papers described the generalization of Euclid's algorithm to deal with the problem of computing the greatest common divisor (GCD) or the resultant of a pair of polynomials. A sequel to those two papers IS presented here In attempting such a generalization one easily arrives at the concept of a polynomial remainder sequence (PRS) and then quickly discovers the phenomenon of explosive coefficient growth. Fortunately, thin explosive growth is not inherent in the problem, but is only an artifact of various naive solutmns If one removes the content (that is, the GCD of the coefficients) from each polynomial in a PRS, the coefficmnt growth in the resulting primitive PRS is relatively modest. However, the cost of computing the content (by applying Euclid's algorithm in the coefficient domain} may be unacceptably or even proh~bltwely high, especially if the coefficients are themselves polynomials m one or more addltmnal variables The key to controlling coefficient growth without the costly computation of GCD's of coefficmnts is the fundamental theorem of subresuitants, which shows that every polynomial in a PRS is proportional to some subresultant of the first two. By arranging for the constants of proportionahty to be unity, one obtams the subresultant PRS algorithm, in which the coefficient growth is essentmlly hnear. A corollary of the fundamental theorem is given here, which leads to a simple derivation and deeper understanding of the subresultant PRS algorithm and converts a conjecture mentioned in the earher papers into an elementary remark. A possible alternative method of constructing a subresultant PRS is to evaluate all the subresultants directly from Sylvester's determinant via expansion by minors A complexity analysis is given m conclusion, along hnes pioneered by Gentleman and Johnson, showing that the subresultant PRS algorithm is supermr to the determinant method whenever the given polynomials are sufficiently large and dense, but is inferior m the sparse extreme
Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers

Identifying users of portable devices from gait signals acquired with three-dimensional accelerometers was studied. Three approaches, correlation, frequency domain and data distribution statistics, were used. Test subjects (N=36) walked with fast, normal and slow walking speeds in enrolment and test sessions on separate days wearing the accelerometer device on their belt, at back. It was shown to be possible to identify users with this novel gait recognition method. Best equal error rate (EER=7%) was achieved with the signal correlation method, while the frequency domain method and two variations of the data distribution statistics method produced EER of 10%, 18% and 19%, respectively.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

ABSTRACT A measles outbreak occurred from January to July 2003 in Spain, despite the fact that the Plan of Eradication of Measles and its surveillance program had been set up in 2001. Different diagnostic markers for measles virus infection were compared for 246 patients in tests of serum, urine, and pharyngeal exudate specimens. Measles virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and rubella virus and parvovirus IgM levels in serum were assayed. Multiplex PCR was done on urine, serum, and pharyngeal exudates, and isolation of measles virus in the B95a cell line from urine was attempted. At least one positive marker for measles virus was obtained from 165 patients (67.1%; total number of patients, 246). A total of 136 cases (82.4% of the patients showing positive markers) were diagnosed by PCR and/or isolation and IgM detection methods. The results for 27 patients (16.4%) were positive only by direct methods. The results for two patients (1.2%) were positive only by IgM detection. In the case of the first group (136 cases), the time elapsed from appearance of the rash was significantly longer than in the case of the group which was only positive by PCR. Besides, 8 out of 27 PCR-positive IgM-negative cases showed specific IgG results, suggesting either secondary vaccine failure or reinfection. Numbers resulting from PCR performed with pharyngeal exudates proved to be significantly higher than those obtained with other specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genotype B3. The results strongly back the World Health Organization recommendation that detection of IgM should be supplemented by PCR and isolation for the diagnosis of measles virus infection.
Geometric Construction of Representations of Affine Algebras

Let be a finite subgroup of SL 2(C). We consider -fixed point sets in Hilbert schemes of points on the affine planeC 2 . The direct sum of homology groups of components has a structure of a representation of the affine Lie algebra b corresponding to . If we replace homology groups by equivar iant K-homology groups, we get a representation of the quantum toroidal algebra Uq(Lb g). We also discuss a higher rank generalization and character formulas in terms of intersection homology groups.
5‐HT3 receptors mediate the time‐dependent vagal afferent modulation of nociception during chronic food allergen‐sensitized visceral hyperalgesia in rats

Abstract Converging lines of evidence demonstrate a vagally mediated antinociceptive pathway in animals undergoing acute visceral insults, the contribution of this system to visceral pain following chronic noxious stimuli is unknown. 5‐HT3 receptor (5‐HT3Rs) on spinal afferents are crucially involved in nociceptive processing, the role of 5‐HT3Rs on vagal afferents is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of vagal afferents to visceral nociception in rats undergoing chronic luminal allergen stimulation and whether it involves vagal 5‐HT3Rs. Sensitized rats received chicken egg albumin (EA, 1 mg mL−1) in drinking water for 2 weeks (day 1–14). Visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension [colorectal distension (CRD), 60 mmHg] and the levels of mRNA encoding 5‐HT3R (including 3A and 3B subunits) in the nodose ganglia (NG) were evaluated on day 2, 4, 8 and 15. Chronic EA challenge induced gradually increased visceral nociception, with a peak on day 15. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or functional deafferentation with capsaicin abolished this time‐dependent manner, inducing hyperalgesia from day 2, lasting to day 15. Intraluminal infusion of a 5‐HT3R antagonist (granisetron), whether alone or infused after local mucosa anaesthetic with 1% lidocaine, mimicked the effects of vagotomy. The mRNA levels for 5‐HT3B or 5‐HT3A subunit in the NG showed an opposite time‐course to that of visceral pain, which increased from day 2, then decreased gradually to levels lower than those of controls. Our results demonstrate a time‐dependent vagal afferent modulation of chronic allergen‐sensitized visceral hyperalgesia, which may involve a 5‐HT3R pathway.
[Population study of premenstrual syndrome].

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and the factors associated with this, by comparing the obtained frequency with the self-reported frequency. METHODS This was a cross-sectional population-based study, involving 1,395 women aged 15 to 49 years old in a medium-sized municipality in Southern Brazil, carried out in 2003. Questionnaires were applied to measure the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome by means of a score based on five premenstrual symptoms that interfered with family life or led to absence from work or school. Associations with socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral variables were investigated. Self-reported syndrome was investigated with regard to its sensitivity and specificity, taking the score as the gold standard. The statistical analyses performed were Pearson chi2, Mantel-Haenszel and Poisson regression, with Kappa coefficients to verify the concordance of the responses. RESULTS The obtained prevalence was 25.2% (95% CI: 22.5-27.9) and the self-reported prevalence was 60.3% (95% CI: 57.4-63.3). The principal premenstrual symptoms found were: irritability, abdominal discomfort, nervousness, headache, fatigue and breast pain; all of these showed prevalence of over 50%. Higher risk was presented by women of higher socioeconomic level, better schooling level, aged under 30 years and with white skin color. Psychotropic drug users and women who were not using any hormonal contraceptive presented higher prevalence of the syndrome. The sensitivity of the test was 94%, specificity 51% and accuracy 62%. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was found. Even though the women's perception of the syndrome was higher than the result measured by the symptom score, one quarter of the women presented this health problem.
MemoNote, a context-aware annotation tool for teachers

The objective of this article is to study and model the annotation context, to be used as a basis to design context- aware annotation functionalities dedicated to the teacher into the MemoNote tool. MemoNote tool is a semantic and personal annotation tool dedicated to teachers,. Starting from a specification of context and more precisely annotation context, we define how to capture it from elements of the teaching situation and to model it with ontologies. Annotation context can then be used by the two MemoNote annotation functionalities, manual annotation and pattern-based annotation. It is done by selecting a set of ontologies and patterns suited for the current context.
Differential effects of Bcl‐2 overexpression on hippocampal CA1 neurons and dentate granule cells following hypoxic ischemia in adult mice

In contrast to its known anti‐apoptotic activity in sympathetic neurons, immortal neuronal cell lines, and primary cultured immature neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), the role of Bcl‐2 in CNS neurons in the adult brain is poorly understood. In the present study, we examined effects of overexpression of Bcl‐2 on selective neuronal death of the hippocampal CA1 neurons and the dentate granule cells induced by hypoxic ischemia in adult transgenic mice overexpressing human Bcl‐2 under the control of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE‐hbcl‐2). At the light microscopic level, numbers of TUNEL‐positive cells with pyknotic nuclei were observed in the CA1 subfield of NSE‐hbcl‐2 transgenic mice, as well as that of wild‐type mice, after hypoxic ischemic insult, although the onset of neuronal death was apparently delayed in NSE‐hbcl‐2 transgenic mice. The electron microscopic studies showed that morphological changes of the degenerating CA1 neurons from both groups were clearly distinct from ordinary apoptosis. In contrast, a significant amount of degenerating dentate granule cells from wild‐type but not from transgenic mice had typical apoptotic nuclei by the treatment. The activation of caspase‐3 was detected in the dentate granule cells but not that of the CA1 neurons. These results indicate that the overexpression of Bcl‐2 effectively suppressed dentate granule cell apoptosis but only delayed cell death of the CA1 neurons induced by hypoxic ischemia, suggesting the occurrence of a non‐apoptotic, caspase‐3–independent mechanism for neuronal death in the CA1 subfield. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:1–12, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of the severity of obesity on microalbuminuria in obese normotensive nondiabetic individuals

Introduction: Microalbuminuria has been now recognized as the most important risk factor for the increased morbidity and mortality in the obese population. Objectives: We aimed to know whether severity of obesity is associated with the presence of renal injury while microalbuminuria acts, independent of other risk factors as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive obese normotensive nondiabetic individuals. Two groups of adult individuals were selected as controls comprised of 161 obese adults with body mass index (BMI) 30-35 kg/m2 and 25 very obese adults as cases with BMI more than 35 kg/m2. Microalbuminuria was defined as abnormal urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) more than 30 mg/g of creatinine. Results: No significant differences in serum creatinine level, urinary albumin concentration, as well as UACR between obese and very obese individuals was seen. Using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, no significant correlation was observed between BMI and parameters of renal function. Microalbuminuria was more prevalent in very obese individuals compared with obese group (24.0% versus 9.9%, P = 0.043) in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Severe obesity compared with milder obesity status cannot predict the occurrence of increased urinary albumin excretion and microalbuminuria.
The Economics of Parenting Skill and Child Development

This paper develops and tests a model of parental punishment in the context of parent-child interaction and child development. When the parent has better information than the child about the child's long-run returns to human capital, the child uses the parent's investment and punishment as noisy signals of what his optimal effort should be in both the short run and the long run. Punishment has a negative effect on the child's life cycle outcomes if it is used harshly and inconsistently with respect to child behavior. Conversely, punishment has positive effect on the child's life cycle outcomes if it is used moderately and consistently such that the parent can communicate to the child his optimal level of effort. Parents are heterogeneous in parenting skill, which is their ability to use punishment as a precise signal. The model suggests that punishment by itself can have either a positive or a negative effect on child outcomes, and thus the quality of punishment, not punishment itself, contributes to the child's human capital development. Experimental data from Germany shows that parenting skill can be improved through education and training, with behavioral improvement in the child observed as late as ten years after the intervention. Additionally, evidence from nationally representative data from the United States is consistent with model predictions.
The Working Paper Review Process: A Theoretical Model and Simulations

This study presents a theoretical model of the working paper review process within the financial statement audit. The model is based on the concepts of reliability engineering with auditors functioning as the main control components. Characteristics of the model are investigated using simulation and differential analysis. Our simulation results show that the performance of a combined review team is more effective than an individual review; the review performance of a team consisting of an audit senior and an audit manager is better than that of the team consisting of two seniors; and the performance of an encompassing review differs from the performance of an error specialized review in a sequential working paper review process. The simulation results also show that a team review may not be an optimal choice when the expected litigation cost is of the same order as the expected operating cost of each review. The fact that managers are expected to detect more conceptual errors and irregularities leads to lower expected litigation cost. Consequently, assurance firms may be better off by choosing a seniormanager review even if the overall expected reliability from a senior-senior review is identical to the review from a senior-manager review. The differential analysis indicates that the parameters representing the motivation and the effort level of two reviewers are not of the same importance in the working paper review process and that the increase in the quality of working paper input will not automatically increase the reliability of the output.