Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anemia management and association of race with mortality and hospitalization in a large not-for-profit dialysis organization.

BACKGROUND The optimal hemoglobin target and possible toxicity of epoetin therapy in hemodialysis patients are controversial. Previous studies suggest that African American patients use higher doses of epoetin and have better survival compared with white hemodialysis patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal cohort. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Epoetin-exposed incident hemodialysis patients (N = 12,733; African Americans, n = 4,801; white, n = 7,386) treated in Dialysis Clinic Inc facilities during 2000 to 2006. PREDICTORS Hemoglobin, epoetin, iron. OUTCOMES Mortality, hospitalization. MEASUREMENTS Proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates. RESULTS Hemoglobin concentrations less than 10 g/dL in whites and less than 11 g/dL in African Americans were associated with increased mortality and hospitalization versus the referent hemoglobin level of 11 to 11.9 g/dL. Hemoglobin levels of 13 g/dL or greater in whites were associated with decreased noncardiovascular mortality. Six-month cumulative epoetin doses of 20,000 U/wk or greater were associated with increased mortality and hospitalization versus the referent group (8,000 to 12,499 U/wk). Epoetin doses less than 8,000 U/wk were associated with decreased risk. Higher epoetin doses were associated with increased mortality at hemoglobin concentrations of 10 to 12.9 g/dL and with increased hospitalization at all hemoglobin concentrations of 10 g/dL or greater. Higher epoetin doses were associated with increased mortality and hospitalization within each tertile of serum albumin concentration. These patterns did not differ by race. LIMITATIONS Treatment-by-indication bias and unidentified confounders cannot be excluded. Small sample sizes in the highest and lowest hemoglobin strata decrease statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Relationships between hemoglobin concentration and mortality differed between African Americans and whites. Additionally, the relationship of lower mortality with greater achieved hemoglobin concentration seen in white patients was observed for all-cause, but not cardiovascular, mortality. A higher cumulative epoetin dose was associated with worse outcomes, even in patients with albumin levels greater than 4 g/dL. There were no statistically significant interactions between race and epoetin dose. Further studies are needed to confirm and to define the mechanism of these findings.
Embodying Spirits of Resistance

There are revolutionary moments of politics that can be most appropriately described as spiritual moments. These are the moments when people are willing to risk their lives while resisting oppressive power. In this paper we address spirits of resistance in a general way, but also as manifested at particular moments in three contemporary resistance movements in England, India, and Palestine. Our intention is not to explain such moments, not to analyze the motivations of those involved, but to follow them in the fashion of nomadic science, critically drawing upon the work of Deleuze and Guattari. In our conclusion we argue that the value of spirits of resistance should be upheld in the face of intellectual strategies to tame them, as it is these moments that best guarantee freedom, whether or not resistance is ‘successful’ .
The socio‐economic circumstances of children at risk of disability in Britain

Our aims were to describe the socio‐economic circumstances faced by families supporting a child at risk of disability and to investigate the extent to which disability is associated with hardship once family income is held constant. We analysed data on 7070 family units containing 12,916 children aged under 17. Families supporting a child at risk of disability were significantly more disadvantaged across a wide range of indicators of socio‐economic position. The hardship experienced by these families was only partly accounted for by between group differences in income, debt and savings. Children who are already at risk of disability as a result of a range of physical and cognitive impairments are more likely than other children to live under conditions that have been repeatedly shown to impede development, increase the risk of poor health and (additional) disability and increase the risk of social exclusion.
Allopurinol‐induced toxic pustuloderma

SIR, The rising tide of skin cancers is emphatically confirmed hy Ko et al.,^ hut in the Health of the Nation^ document the stated aim is to reduce the year on year rise in skin cancers hy the year 2005. How this is to he achieved is less clear. Jarrett et al^ showed how frequently children are still heing humed hecause of lack of hasic sun protection. Requests hy Evans* to estahlish information posts to educate the puhlic on the heaches ofthe west country were almost universally dismissed hy local councils. General practitioners are well placed to act on prevention and early detection, hut few initiatives are forthcoming.
Application of Ni(II)-Assisted Peptide Bond Hydrolysis to Non-Enzymatic Affinity Tag Removal

In this study, we demonstrate a non-enzymatic method for hydrolytic peptide bond cleavage, applied to the removal of an affinity tag from a recombinant fusion protein, SPI2-SRHWAP-His6. This method is based on a highly specific Ni(II) reaction with (S/T)XHZ peptide sequences. It can be applied for the protein attached to an affinity column or to the unbound protein in solution. We studied the effect of pH, temperature and Ni(II) concentration on the efficacy of cleavage and developed an analytical protocol, which provides active protein with a 90% yield and ∼100% purity. The method works well in the presence of non-ionic detergents, DTT and GuHCl, therefore providing a viable alternative for currently used techniques.
Estimating and Projecting Trends in HIV/AIDS Generalized Epidemics Using Incremental Mixture Importance Sampling

Summary The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has decided to use Bayesian melding as the basis for its probabilistic projections of HIV prevalence in countries with generalized epidemics. This combines a mechanistic epidemiological model, prevalence data, and expert opinion. Initially, the posterior distribution was approximated by sampling‐importance‐resampling, which is simple to implement, easy to interpret, transparent to users, and gave acceptable results for most countries. For some countries, however, this is not computationally efficient because the posterior distribution tends to be concentrated around nonlinear ridges and can also be multimodal. We propose instead incremental mixture importance sampling (IMIS), which iteratively builds up a better importance sampling function. This retains the simplicity and transparency of sampling importance resampling, but is much more efficient computationally. It also leads to a simple estimator of the integrated likelihood that is the basis for Bayesian model comparison and model averaging. In simulation experiments and on real data, it outperformed both sampling importance resampling and three publicly available generic Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for this kind of problem.
A Dose-Escalation Study of SAR3419, an Anti-CD19 Antibody Maytansinoid Conjugate, Administered by Intravenous Infusion Once Weekly in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Purpose: To determine recommended dose, dose-limiting toxicity, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, preliminary antitumor activity, and exploratory pharmacodynamics of SAR3419, an antibody–drug conjugate targeting CD19, administered alone by intravenous infusion weekly (qw), in a dose-escalation phase I study in patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Experimental Design: Patients with R/R CD19+ B-NHL were treated with escalating doses of SAR3419 repeated qw for eight to 12 doses. On the basis of clinical evidence of late or cumulative toxicities, the study protocol was amended to test an “optimized” administration schedule consisting of four qw doses followed by four biweekly (q2w) doses (qw/q2w) at the recommended dose with the intent of reducing drug accumulation. Results: Forty-four patients were treated on seven dose levels ranging from 5 to 70 mg/m2. SAR3419 recommended dose was determined as 55 mg/m2 qw. Twenty-five patients received the qw/q2w schedule at 55 mg/m2, which showed an improved safety profile compared with the qw schedule. Antilymphoma activity was observed with both schedules in around 30% of patients with either indolent or aggressive diseases. SAR3419 displayed a long terminal half-life (approximately 7 days) and a low clearance (approximately 0.6 L/d), with no dose effect. The qw/q2w schedule allowed limiting accumulation with a decrease in SAR3419 plasma trough and average concentrations by around 1.4-fold compared with the qw schedule. Conclusion: While administered weekly, SAR3419 is well tolerated and active. The qw/q2w schedule that shows an improved safety profile and preserves antilymphoma activity is selected for clinical phase II studies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 213–20. ©2013 AACR.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFERS FROM JUVENILE TO CRIMINAL COURT: A LOGLINEAR ANALYSIS

Abstract In recent years, many states have developed a system by which serious young offenders are transferred from the juvenile to the criminal court so that more severe punishment can be imposed. Using court records, this paper examines the effects of the transfer procedure in California. A loglinear analysis was conducted to compare final charges and sentencing outcomes in juvenile and criminal court over a four-year period. The result indicated that the criminal court did not tend to use the most severe sentence option available, and that both courts tended to use similar sentencing strategies. Regardless of fitness finding, more severe initial charges led to more severe final charges and sentences. The due process implications of these findings are discussed.
The creation of uncertainty in the influence process: The roles of stimulus information and disagreement with similar others

Social and cognitive psychologists have conceptualized judgemental confidence (how strongly a person holds the belief that some judgement is correct) as being proportional to the amount of evidence in favour of a response. Festinger (1950) argued that there are two separate processes by which uncertainty (the inverse of confidence) can be reduced These two processes are physical reality testing (the perceptual processing of stimulus information) and social reality testing (reliance on other people to resolve particularly ambiguous situations). However, there is surprisingly little direct evidence that uncertainty is either reduced or increased by the responses of other people. In two experimental tests (N = 74 and N = 83) it was found that disagreement increased uncertainty and agreement tended to reduce uncertainty. In a third experiment (N = 63) it was found that disagreement only increased uncertainty when stimulus information was limited, but that agreement generally reduced uncertainty. The results challenge Festinger's model of uncertainty reduction and support a self-categorization theory account.
Schizotypy and religiosity in 13–18 year old school pupils

In the present study we investigated the association between religiosity and schizotypy in teenagers. The Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity (Francis & Stubbs, 1987) and the Multidimensional Schizotypal Traits Questionnaire (Rawlings & MacFarlane 1994) were completed by 492 school pupils ranging in age from 13 to 18. It was found that higher scores on the Francis scale were associated with higher scores on the perceptual aberration subscale and lower scores on the impulsive nonconformity and magical ideation subscales. However, when the analysis was repeated for girls and boys separately we found that the association with magical ideation was unique to boys and the association with impulsive nonconformity was unique to girls. Certain associations seem to be sex specific. Also, although our data suggest that in some respects religiosity might be an index of psychosis proneness, in other respects it would seem that religiosity is associated with psychological well-being.
Intergenerational Learning: A Way to Share Time, Experiences, and Knowledge. A Field to Develop

Intergenerational learning is a way to learn together, a way to share information, thoughts, feelings, and experiences that can enrich two different generations. In the framework of intergenerational programs, this particular kind of learning occurs within practices that aim to bring people together in purposeful, mutually beneficial activities, promoting greater understanding and respect between generations and contributing to building more cohesive communities. There are a lot of intergenerational programs focused on intergenerational learning such as cooking traditional foods, sharing creative skills like painting, mentoring students in school, or sharing knowledge about community history. In the United States, several formal organizations and programs support intergenerational learning activities. In Europe there is a growing development too. Two European examples of recent research in this particular field are the EAGLE and EMIL projects. EAGLE stands for European Approaches to Intergenerational Lifelong Learning. According to information provided on its Web site (www.eagle-project.eu), this project builds on different existing aspects in individual lives, in society at large, and in learning across age groups and generations especially in light of an increasingly aging population within the concept of lifelong learning. The EAGLE project intends to generate insight into and point out limitations of formal and informal intergenerational learning, policies, concepts, analyses, frameworks, and
Predicting Social Workers’ Subjective Well-Being

Understanding subjective well-being can provide a full assessment of how people evaluate overall life satisfaction. Research and literature have yet to explore this social science concept as it relates to practicing social workers. As a corrective the following research reports on data collected from a representative sample of 646 social workers who completed a survey that measures subjective well-being (SWB, the social scientific concept of happiness). Findings reveal responses regarding life and job satisfaction and physical stress that are not dissimilar to responses one might find among general populations. The regression analysis uncovered several predictors of satisfaction. The socio-demographic, work, and stress predictors explained over 52% of variance in overall social worker satisfaction. Also, type of employer and age played a role in predicting organizational satisfaction. Similar findings, with some differences, were found with predicting professional association and organizational satisfactions. Further, employees of the child welfare system demonstrated lower SWB levels than their counterparts employed in other fields. This article considers implications for social work administration and practice that involves enhancing those factors that are positively associated with SWB and minimizing those that are not.
Heparan Sulfate D‐Glucosaminyl 3‐O‐Sulfotransferase‐3B1 (HS3ST3B1) Promotes Angiogenesis and Proliferation by Induction of VEGF in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex polysaccharides that reside on the plasma membrane of almost all mammalian cells, and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Heparan sulfate D‐glucosamine 3‐O‐sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1) participates in the last biosynthetic steps of HS and transfers sulfate to the 3‐O‐position of glucosamine residues to yield mature sugar chains. To date very few biological processes or proteins have been described that are modulated by HS3ST3B1. In this study, we observed that HS3ST3B1 positively contributed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression in vitro and in vivo, and these activities were associated with an induction of the proangiogenic factor VEGF expression and shedding. Moreover, the effects of HS3ST3B1 on VEGF release can be attenuated after treatment of heparanase inhibitor suramin, which prevented VEGF secretion and subsequently blocked VEGF‐induced activation of ERK and AKT, suggesting that 3‐O‐sulfation of HS by HS3ST3B1 facilitated VEGF shedding; the effects of HS3ST3B1 on activation of ERK and AKT can also be blocked by VEGFR inhibitor axitinib, suggestive of a relationship between 3‐O‐sulfation of HS and VEGF‐activated signaling pathways. Taken together, our findings support that VEGF is an important functional target of HS3ST3B1 and provide a new mechanism of HS3ST3B1 in AML. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1101–1112, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child and mother play in cultures of origin, acculturating cultures, and cultures of destination

Immigrant (Japanese and South Americans in the United States) families’ play was compared to play in families in their countries of origin (Japan and Argentina, respectively) and in a common country of destination (European Americans in the United States). Two hundred and forty 20-month-old children and their mothers participated. Generally, the play of immigrant children and mothers was similar to European American children's and mothers’ play. Japanese and Argentine children engaged in more symbolic play, whereas immigrant children engaged in more exploratory play. Likewise, South American immigrant mothers demonstrated and solicited more exploratory play than Argentine mothers. Japanese mothers solicited more symbolic play, and Argentine mothers demonstrated more symbolic play than immigrant mothers. The findings from this study provide insight into the nature of child and mother play generally and that of immigrant children and their mothers specifically and shed light on the parenting climate in which immigrant children are reared.
Workaholism Types - Perfectionism and Work Outcomes

This study examined antecedents and consequences of workaholism among 327 women and men in a variety of professional and managerial jobs. Three workaholism types were considered (Work Enthusiasts, Work Addicts, Enthusiastic Addicts) using measures developed by Spence and Robbins (1992). Antecedents included a number of personal demographic and work situation characteristics, and measures of three aspects of perfectionism. Consequences included several validating job behaviors and work outcomes likely to be associated with workaholism. Although the three workaholism types were similar on personal and work situation characteristics, Work Addicts indicated greater perfectionism, more difficulty delegating tasks to others, less job satisfaction, and lower levels on three measures of work engagement than one or both of the other workaholism types. Interestingly, Work Addicts worked fewer hours per week than did Enthusiastic Addicts
Psycho-Social Factors and Academic Performance among African Women Students at a Predominantly White University in South Africa

The present study explored the relationships between Family Environment, Life Stress & Coping Strategies and Academic Performance among African Women Students at a Predominantly White University in South Africa. The students' perception of their family environment was assessed through the Family Environment Scale. Information regarding coping behaviours/preferences and Life Stress was elicited through the self-report measures of Ways of Coping Checklist, and the Life Experiences Survey. Academic performance was assessed through the students' weighted average marks for the year. Socio-Economic Status (SES) and other demographic factors were included in the present study which lends support to the multidimensional models of stress and coping in the investigation of the academic performance of Black students in predominantly White universities. Multiple regression procedures were performed to examine which variables from the Family Environment Scale (FES), the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC), the Negative Change Score (stress index from the Life Experiences Survey), and demographic variables, influenced academic performance. The findings of the study indicated that variation in students' academic performance was accounted for more by students' background variables than the cognitive factors. In view of these findings the multidimensional approach was proposed as a useful theoretical frame of reference to be used in studies which address themselves to the academic performance of black students in general, and black women students in particular, in predominantly white universities in South Africa.
Instrument-Induced Bias in Donation Mechanisms: Evidence from the Field

Abstract Eliciting actual donations toward a public good has been proposed as a means of estimating a lower bound to individuals compensating surplus, and can be accomplished using mail/phone surveys or field experiments. This study shows that when warm-glow is present, the elicitation instrument decreases the transaction costs of donating. This presents an obstacle to using the donation mechanism. As a remedy, we propose the use of a multi-donation mechanism where subjects can direct their donation to alternative public goods. Results from a field experiment confirm this instrument-induced bias can be large, suggesting field experiment practitioners should seriously consider how their experimental procedures may alter economic behavior.
The involvement of external agencies in extra-curricular physical education: reinforcing or challenging gender and ability inequities?

Within the UK and internationally, schools are increasingly being encouraged to call on external agencies and draw on the services of individuals, including sport coaches, to ‘help teach or lead sports within the school setting and out of school time’. This trend arises from and has contributed to a changing policy landscape and relations that characterise ‘physical education and school sport’ (PESS) and the growing use of the terminology of ‘PESS’. Previous research has highlighted that neither PESS considered broadly as a policy space, nor specific initiatives centring on ‘partnership-based’ development of physical education (PE) and/or sport in schools, can be assumed to facilitate greater equity in provision for young people. This study reports on research that has sought to build on past studies revealing gender and ability inequities amidst PESS developments. The research was designed as a small-scale case study investigation to critically explore the equity-related messages being conveyed in and through the hidden curriculum in a context of coaches’ involvement in extra-curricular provision. Utilising observations and interviews with coaches and PE teachers, data collection focused on ways in which ideas of ability, masculinity and femininity were being constructed and reproduced in and through coach's pedagogy, and sought insight into the prospective impact of the particular constructions on girls’ and boys’ involvement in extra-curricular PE. Analysis revealed that the hidden curriculum expressed in and through the organisation of extra-curricular PE and coaches’ pedagogical practices in this context can be seen as reaffirming limited conceptions of ability in PE and gender inequity in relation to girls’ and boys’ respective participation opportunities. Discussion critically addresses the relationship between policy and pedagogy in PESS in pursuing apparently ongoing tendencies for long-standing inequities to be reproduced in and through extra-curricular provision.