Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structured Problem-Oriented Cognitive-Behavioral Group Treatment for Drug Relapse Prevention

Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment of patients with drug use disorders, it is difficult to implement for inexperienced interventionists, especially in China. This article describes a structured problem-oriented strategy based on CBT in a group format, which aims to make the implementation of CBT more convenient in practice and to improve the enthusiasm of the participation of patients. The treatment uses an integrated approach by discussing topics oriented by structured problems, teaching important knowledge and training skills, playing psychological games, and so on.
Generalized Riccati equations for the full-and reduced-order mixed-norm Hz / H standard problem *

This paper considers the mixed-norm H2/Hoo standard problem. Specifically, an LQG control design problem involving a constraint on H~ disturbance attenuation is addressed. It is shown that the H2/H~o dynamic compensator gains are completely characterized via coupled Riccati/Lyapunov equations. The principal result involves sufficient conditions for characterizing full-and reduced-order controllers that satisfy bounds on both H 2 and H~ performance costs. As a special case of this unified result we obtain the full-order H~o solution to the standard control problem and the pure reduced-order Hoo solution with no H 2 contribution. Further extensions include nonstrictly proper dynamics, a direct transmission term from disturbances to H~ performance variables, cross-weighting and sensor noise/plant disturbance correlation, and a treatment of the pure reduced-order H~ control problem.
Temporal Pooling and Multiscale Learning for Automatic Annotation and Ranking of Music Audio

This paper analyzes some of the challenges in performing automatic annotation and ranking of music audio, and proposes a few improvements. First, we motivate the use of principal component analysis on the mel-scaled spectrum. Secondly, we present an analysis of the impact of the selection of pooling functions for summarization of the features over time. We show that combining several pooling functions improves the performance of the system. Finally, we introduce the idea of multiscale learning. By incorporating these ideas in our model, we obtained state-of-the-art performance on the Magnatagatune dataset.
The Probability for Unemployed Young People to Re-Enter Education or Employment: A comparative study in six Northern European countries

This article examines the return to education or employment of unemployed young people in Northern Europe. Comparative surveys of nearly 8600 unemployed young people in Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Denmark, Norway and Scotland enabled us to study the probability for unemployed young people to re-enter the educational system versus employment. The results showed that, in all countries, re-entering post-compulsory education was mainly dependent on educational capital, as defined by Bourdieu. The respondents' education, their parents' education and parents' support for their children's education had a strong impact on the probability of re-entering the educational system. Social capital, as defined by Coleman, increased the probability of re-entering employment, but had no impact on the probability of re-entering education. Most important, in most countries, young unemployed women had a higher probability of re-entering education than unemployed young men. There were also differences between countries. The results cannot only be explained by access to further education. In Iceland and Scotland, further education is less developed than in the other countries. However, 18% of the sample returned to education in Iceland, compared with only 3% in Scotland.
Cost-Effective Multiperiod Spraying for Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks

In this paper, we present a novel multiperiod spraying algorithm for routing in delay-tolerant networks (DTNs). The goal is to minimize the average copy count used per message until the delivery while maintaining the predefined message delivery rate by the given deadline. In each period, some number of additional copies are sprayed into the network, followed by the wait for message delivery. At any time instance, the total number of message copies distributed to the network depends on the urgency of achieving the delivery rate by the given deadline for that message. Waiting for early delivery in the initial periods with a small number of copies in existence decreases the average number of copies sprayed in the network till delivery. We first discuss two- and three-period variants of our algorithm, and then we also give an idea of how the presented approach can be extended to more periods. We present an in-depth analysis of the algorithm and validate the analytical results with simulations. The results demonstrate that our multiperiod spraying algorithm outperforms the algorithms with a single spraying period.
Venezuela and the Collective Defence of Democracy Regime in the Americas

Venezuela has been racked by several years of intense political conflict marked by frequent, massive demonstrations, crippling national strikes and an attempted military coup. Perhaps surprisingly, Venezuelan democracy has been sustained in the face of these challenges and conflicts between supporters and opponents of President Hugo Chávez are increasingly played out through constitutional democratic means. The Organization of American States' (OAS) collective defence of democracy regime has played an important role in maintaining Venezuelan democracy in the face of these intractable conflicts. The OAS regime has been built on the collective interests of elected presidents in weakly institutionalized democracies, the deepening integration of the region's states into the global economy, and the increasingly liberal foreign policy of the regional hegemon. Oil wealth has limited Venezuela's vulnerability to economic sanctions if Venezuelan actors transgressed the norms of the regime, and the US's initial reluctance to condemn the April 2002 coup called into question whether the US would continue to use its influence to support democratic rule in the hemisphere. Nevertheless, the elected leaders of the region condemned the coup attempt, a regional reaction that played some role in the restoration of President Chávez. The subsequent OAS mediation effort has helped keep the ongoing political competition in Venezuela within constitutional bounds, demonstrating that the OAS collective defence of democracy continues to play a useful role in sustaining democracy in the region.
Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae larvae parasitizing Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815) in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Between February and August, 2012, thirty specimens of Atlantic moonfish, Selene setapinnis, were purchased in local markets in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the aim of analyzing the presence of anisakid nematodes, establishing their rates of parasitism and infection sites, due to importance in the sanitary inspection. A total of sixty nematode larvae, belonging to at least two species were found: nine larvae of Terranova sp. , Anisakidae, with prevalence (P) of 13.3%, mean intensity (MI) of 2.25, mean abundance (MA) of 0.30 and range of infection intensity (RI) from 1 to 6; and 51 larvae of Hysterothylacium fortalezae, Raphidascarididae, with P = 26.7%, MI = 6.40, MA = 1.70, and RI = 1-17. The infection sites for Terranova sp. were the mesentery and liver serosa; and for H. fortalezae, the infection sites were the mesentery, abdominal cavity and liver serosa. New morphological data from scanning electron microscopy, on the external structures of H. fortalezae (mainly at the posterior end), are presented. This is the first report of H. fortalezae parasitizing S. setapinnis.
A Cautionary Note about the Cross-National and Clinical Validity of Cut-off Points for the Maslach Burnout Inventory

In the present study, burnout scores of three samples, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, were compared: (1) the normative American sample from the test-manual (N = 10,067), (2) the normative Dutch sample (N = 3,892), and (3) a Dutch outpatient sample (N = 142). Generally, the highest burnout scores were found for the outpatient sample, followed by the American and Dutch normative samples, respectively. Slightly different patterns were noted for each of the three components. Probably sampling bias, i.e., the healthy worker effect, or cultural value patterns, i.e., femininity versus masculinity, might be responsible for the results. It is concluded that extreme caution is required when cut-off points are used to classify individuals by burnout scores; only nation-specific and clinically derived cut-off points should be employed.
[Evaluation of intestinal hyperaemia in inflamed bowel by high resolution Contrast Harmonic Imaging (CHI)].

AIM Intestinal hyperaemia is a sign of active disease in the inflamed intestine which can be detected by Doppler sonography. This technique, however, can be jeopardized by tissue motion artefacts (peristalsis), and intramural enteric vessel perfusion may be below the detection threshold. Visualisation of vessels by Contrast Harmonic Imaging (CHI) at a low Mechanical Index (low MI) is not restricted by the limitations mentioned above. Contrast Harmonic Imaging at low MI of the intestinal wall has not yet been described with high frequency probes. We therefore evaluated the validity of this method for detecting hyperaemia of the intestinal wall. METHODS CHI at low MI was performed with a 7.5 MHz ultrasound probe in 12 patients with signs of an inflamed intestine. The contrast agent BR 1 (4.8 ml) was injected intravenously. Contrast enhancement was quantified by analysing gray scale values before and after injection of BR 1 in regions of interest within the submucosal layer. RESULTS At about 15 sec. after injection of BR 1, arterial inflow of the contrast agent with visualisation of the feeding mesenteric vessels and intense contrast of the submucosal lamina could be observed. An increase of the gray scale values within the ROI after contrast enhancement was detected in all patients. CONCLUSION We have shown that CHI at low MI is technically feasible for the demonstration of increased intestinal perfusion in inflammatory bowel disease by using a high resolution ultrasound probe. One possible method of quantifying the contrast enhancement is the gray scale analysis of pixels in defined regions of interest within the submucosal layer.
‘Homing’ Guangzhou: Emplacement, belonging and precarity among Africans in China

Over the last decade, countless Africans have been moving between China and Africa. While Africans in Guangzhou have been generally portrayed as a wave of ‘immigrant traders’, they arrive in China for myriad reasons, occupy multiple (usually transient) emplacements, and engage in diverse activities. By following the stories and insights of two Nigerian community leaders, this article explores the place-making processes through which individuals and collectives negotiate their everyday lives in Guangzhou under conditions of uncertainty. Throughout the article, I suggest that despite different trajectories and emplacements, precarity is a common thread running through most accounts of Africans in the city. While sometimes paralysing, I argue that this precarity functions as a trigger encouraging individuals to develop structures of solidarity and networks of support (i.e. sporting clubs and community offices), which are crucial sites for individual and collective attempts to ‘feel at home’ while on the move in China.
Extraterritorial Political Rights and Dual Citizenship in Latin America

There is variation among the Latin American sending countries in the timing, sequence, and form by which they have approved retention-of-nationality laws (dual-citizenship laws) and have extended political rights to their migrants abroad. This variation is the product not only of the characteristics of the migration in each country but also of the specificity of their political and electoral systems and of the historical relationship between the state and its citizens. I focus my analysis on Latin American migration to the United States, which, although not the only destination, has attracted the majority of Latin American migrants and has significantly influenced, with its immigration policies, the policies of Latin American sending countries towards their émigrés. RESUMEN: Existe una gran variedad en la forma, el momento y la secuencia en las cuales los países latinoamericanos expulsores de población han aprobado leyes de retención de nacionalidad (doble ciudadanía) y han extendido derechos políticos a sus nacionales en el exterior. Esta variación es el producto no sólo de las características de la migración de cada uno de los países sino también de la especificidad de sus sistemas político y electoral, y de la relación histórica que el estado ha tenido con sus ciudadanos. Enfoco mi análisis en la migración latinoamericana hacia los Estados Unidos, país el cual, si bien no ha sido el único destino de la migración latinoamericana, ha atraído una gran mayoría de ella y ha influido significativamente, con su política de inmigración, la política de los países latinoamericanos expulsores para con sus emigrados.
Tachykinins in endocrine tumors and the carcinoid syndrome.

OBJECTIVE A new antibody, active against the common tachykinin (TK) C-terminal, was used to study TK expression in patients with endocrine tumors and a possible association between plasma-TK levels and symptoms of diarrhea and flush in patients with metastasizing ileocecal serotonin-producing carcinoid tumors (MSPCs). METHOD TK, serotonin and chromogranin A (CgA) immunoreactivity (IR) was studied by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 33 midgut carcinoids and 72 other endocrine tumors. Circulating TK (P-TK) and urinary-5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5HIAA) concentrations were measured in 42 patients with MSPCs before treatment and related to symptoms in patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Circulating CgA concentrations were also measured in 39 out of the 42 patients. RESULTS All MSPCs displayed serotonin and strong TK expression. TK-IR was also seen in all serotonin-producing lung and appendix carcinoids. None of the other tumors examined contained TK-IR cells. Concentrations of P-TK, P-CgA, and U-5HIAA were elevated in patients experiencing daily episodes of either flush or diarrhea, when compared with patients experiencing occasional or none of these symptoms. In a Spearman partial rank test, the correlation of P-TK with daily diarrhea was independent of both U-5HIAA and CgA levels. CONCLUSION We found that TK synthesis occurs in serotonin-IR tumors and that P-TK levels are significantly correlated with symptoms of flush and diarrhea in patients with MSPCs. This is, to our knowledge, the first report demonstrating an independent correlation of P-TKs with carcinoid diarrhea, a symptom that is customarily regarded as serotonin mediated. Further investigations may present opportunities for new therapeutic possibilities.
An Attribution Explanation of the Disproportionate Influence of Unfavorable Information

An attribution model of information processing is proposed and experimentally tested to explain the alleged disproportionate weighting of unfavorable product information. The findings of the experiment generally support hypotheses proposing that unfavorable ratings, as compared to favorable product ratings on the same attributes, prompt significantly stronger attributions to product performance, belief strength, and affect toward products.
The fusion of multiple sources of information in the organization of goal-oriented behavior

In the fields of machine learning, psychology, and neuroscience, an important question is how multiple sources of sensory information can be integrated to generate structured goal-oriented behavior in the absence of a global frame of reference. Successful machine learning models of foraging suggest that optimal strategies can be achieved by a system in which both sensory integration and selection of allocentric action are governed by Bayesian probabilistic law. However, the required global frame of reference precludes a generalization of these models to the neuronal substrate. On the contrary, the results of behavioral studies on animals suggest that the optimality of behavior can be met without this strong assumption. In the study of the neuronal substrate underlying self-localization and navigation, it is well accepted that, in mammals, the hippocampus plays a crucial role [1, 2]. More specifically, work on hippocampus suggests that egocentric sensory inputs are stored and linked into behavioral episodes along with the allocentric spatial representations, and that the recall of hippocampal behavioral sequences is accompanied by two phenomena: anticipation of the subsequent location and reward. Human brain studies provide another supplementary view on this issue. While these studies provide evidence that the human brain is capable of performing Bayesian inference, they also suggest the existence of two separate cognitive mechanisms: the implicit one, which plays a role in the multi-modal sensory abstraction of categories, and the declarative one, whose role is to delineate the category membership of the sensory input based on verbally expressible rules. This strengthens the idea that the hippocampus, as a part of the declarative mem-
Vesicle coating and uncoating: controlling the formation of large COPII-coated carriers

The basic mechanisms underlying the formation of coated vesicles are now defined in considerable detail. This article highlights recent developments in our understanding of the problem of exporting large macromolecular cargo such as procollagen from the endoplasmic reticulum and discusses the implications that this has for cell and tissue organisation and human disease.
Men and Women’s Power Relationships and the Persisting Inequitable Division of Housework

This paper examines two neglected issues: the attempts of wives to exercise power by getting their husbands to do more housework, and the degree of success they experience. The data for the study were collected in 1998 from 66 women resident in Victoria. Although all the wives were engaged in paid work, they were contributing more than two thirds of the total time given to housework. It was predicted that women would be reluctant to ask their husbands to increase their participation in housework either for fear of jeopardising their access to valued resources the husbands provided or because they believed in the legitimacy of the existing division of tasks. It was also predicted that men would use their superior resource and definitional power to resist any overtures their wives made. The predictions were only partially confirmed. Women were more willing than anticipated to ask their husbands to increase their participation in housework and, although men were often resistant, more than 40% of women experienced some success. However, they were more likely to gain help with tasks rather than for husbands to agree to accept responsibility for some of the inside tasks. The paper partially corroborates the claims of those feminists who say men use their superior power to resist as much change as possible to a traditional division of labour. However, it also suggests that women's ambivalence about handing over tasks can be an impediment to change.
Evidence for the effects of parental mediation and childhood media use on US college students' social media use

Parents' rules and restrictions on media use have been shown to reduce amounts of media consumed by children. It remains unclear as to whether the effects of parents' restrictions on media use persist when children reach early adulthood. The present survey analysis assesses the extent to which restricted media use in childhood affects amounts of social media use among a sample (N = 454) of young adults and how self-control affects this relation. The results suggest that young adults who are higher in self-control and are introduced to social media at a later age use less social media as young adults. Being introduced to social media at an early age is also associated with texting during class as well as texting before sleep. Rules on children's media use appear to have no lasting effects on amounts of social media use.
Anti-Social Parental Behaviour, Problematic Parenting and Aggressive Offspring Behaviour During Adulthood: A 25-Year Longitudinal Investigation

Data from a 25-year community-based prospective longitudinal study were used to investigate the role of problematic parenting in the association between a history of anti-social parental behaviour and subsequent offspring aggression during adulthood. Parents with a history of anti-social behaviour were significantly more likely than other parents were to engage in two or more types of problematic child-rearing behaviour. Problematic parenting was associated with offspring aggression during adulthood after a history of anti-social parental behaviour was controlled statistically. Anti-social parental behaviour was associated with aggressive offspring behaviour during adulthood before, but not after, problematic parenting was controlled. These findings support the hypothesis that problematic parenting tends to mediate the association between anti-social parental behaviour and subsequent offspring aggression.
Fixed point probability field for complex occlusion handling

In this paper, we show that in a multi-camera context, we can effectively handle occlusions in real-time at each frame independently, even when the only available data comes from the binary output of a simple blob detector, and the number of present individuals is a priori unknown. We start from occupancy probability estimates in a top view and rely on a generative model to yield probability images to be compared with the actual input images. We then refine the estimates so that the probability images match the binary input images as well as possible. We demonstrate the quality of our results on several sequences involving complex occlusions.
Functional coding variation in recombinant inbred mouse lines reveals multiple serotonin transporter-associated phenotypes

The human serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) transporter (hSERT, SLC6A4) figures prominently in the etiology and treatment of many prevalent neurobehavioral disorders including anxiety, alcoholism, depression, autism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we use naturally occurring polymorphisms in recombinant inbred (RI) lines to identify multiple phenotypes associated with altered SERT function. The widely used mouse strain C57BL/6J, harbors a SERT haplotype defined by 2 nonsynonymous coding variants [Gly-39 and Lys-152 (GK)]. At these positions, many other mouse lines, including DBA/2J, encode, respectively, Glu-39 and Arg-152 (ER haplotype), amino acids found also in hSERT. Ex vivo synaptosomal 5-HT transport studies revealed reduced uptake associated with the GK variant, a finding confirmed by in vitro heterologous expression studies. Experimental and in silico approaches using RI lines (C57BL/6J × DBA/2J = BXD) identify multiple anatomical, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes specifically impacted by GK/ER variation. Among our findings are several traits associated with alcohol consumption and multiple traits associated with dopamine signaling. Further bioinformatic analysis of BXD phenotypes, combined with biochemical evaluation of SERT knockout mice, nominates SERT-dependent 5-HT signaling as a major determinant of midbrain iron homeostasis that, in turn, dictates iron-regulated DA phenotypes. Our studies provide an example of the power of coordinated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches using mouse RI lines to elucidate and quantify the system-level impact of gene variation.