Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN FEMALE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to establish differences in morphological characteristics among female students of the Faculty of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Teacher Education. The sample consisted of 255 female students, 78 students of Kinesiology, 84 students of Teacher Education and 93 students of Medicine. The sample of variables was comprised of eleven morphological characteristics. Central and dispersion parameters were calculated for all the variables and for each group. The normal distribution of variables was tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The significance of differences between the groups was determined with the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the discriminant analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed a normal distribution of all variables. The ANOVA and discriminate analyses showed statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics between the groups of examinees. The variable for assessing the risk of obesity and the variables for estimating body fat contributed the most to the formation of global differences and the defining of the latent content of discriminant functions. Kinesiology students who engage in systematic daily physical activities have significantly lower body fat and more muscle mass while the Teacher Education and Medical students have higher levels of body fat because of their inclination to a sedentary lifestyle. It was concluded that there are statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics between female students from the Faculty of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Teacher Education.
Understanding Human Mobility from Twitter

Understanding human mobility is crucial for a broad range of applications from disease prediction to communication networks. Most efforts on studying human mobility have so far used private and low resolution data, such as call data records. Here, we propose Twitter as a proxy for human mobility, as it relies on publicly available data and provides high resolution positioning when users opt to geotag their tweets with their current location. We analyse a Twitter dataset with more than six million geotagged tweets posted in Australia, and we demonstrate that Twitter can be a reliable source for studying human mobility patterns. Our analysis shows that geotagged tweets can capture rich features of human mobility, such as the diversity of movement orbits among individuals and of movements within and between cities. We also find that short- and long-distance movers both spend most of their time in large metropolitan areas, in contrast with intermediate-distance movers’ movements, reflecting the impact of different modes of travel. Our study provides solid evidence that Twitter can indeed be a useful proxy for tracking and predicting human movement.
Competition for food in a solitarily foraging folivorous primate (Lepilemur leucopus)?

Group‐living folivorous primates can experience competition for food, and feeding competition has also been documented for solitarily foraging gummivorous and omnivorous primates. However, little is known about the types and consequences of feeding competition in solitary folivorous foragers. We conducted this study in the spiny forest of Berenty Reserve, southern Madagascar, to characterize the competitive regime of the nocturnal solitarily foraging white‐footed sportive lemur (Lepilemur leucopus), a species that lives in dispersed pairs. We analyzed 1,213 hr of behavioral observations recorded simultaneously for the male and female of each of seven social units and recorded seasonal changes in food availability over a complete annual cycle. Lepilemur leucopus exhibited low selectivity in its dietary choice and mainly included the most abundant plant species in its diet. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find evidence for increased rates of contest (i.e., displacement from food trees) or scramble competition (i.e., shared use of food patches) during the lean season, neither within nor between social units. Instead, conflict rates were low throughout the year, and, during these observations, any feeding stress may have been more related to food quality than quantity. The resource defense hypotheses may not explain pair‐living in this species as there was no indication that males defend food resources for their female pair‐partners. The observed lack of feeding competition may indicate that a cryptic anti‐predator strategy is a better predictor of spatial avoidance of pair‐partners than conflict over food. While anti‐predator benefits of crypsis may explain, at least partly, female‐female avoidance, studies on the relationship between territory size/quality and reproductive success are required to understand whether feeding competition reduces the potential for female association in L. leucopus. Am. J. Primatol. 76:842–854, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Transformational and Transactional Leadership

Existing conceptualizations and measures of transformational and transactional leadership have unclear theoretical bases, confound leadership and its effects, and are not necessarily suitable for public organizations. Overcoming these problems is necessary to test how leadership affects performance. Many public administration scholars apply the concepts, emphasizing the need to ensure that the concepts are applicable in both public and private organizations. The article reconceptualizes transformational and transactional leadership and develops and tests revised measures that can be employed on employees and leaders, are robust in terms of repeated use by the same respondents, and are applicable to public and private organizations alike.
High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Endurance Athletes and Sedentary Men

BackgroundEndurance athletes have higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations than sedentary controls. To examine the mechanism for this effect, we compared HDL apoprotein metabolism in 10 endurance athletes aged 34±6 years (mean ± SD) and 10 sedentary men aged 36±8 years. Methods and ResultsSubjects were maintained on controlled diets for 4 weeks, and metabolic studies using autologously labeled 125I HDL were performed during the final 2 weeks. Lipids and lipoproteins were measured daily during these 2 weeks, and the average of 14 values was used in the analysis. HDL cholesterol (58 ± 14 versus 41 ± 10 mg/dl), HDIL cholesterol (26 ± f10 versus 12 ± 8 mg/dl), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) (144 ± 18 versus 115 ± 22 mg/dl) were higher in the athletes, whereas triglyceride concentrations (60 ± 18 versus 110 ± 48 mg/dl) were lower (p < 0.01 for all). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity was not different, but hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was 27% lower (p < 0.06) in the athletes. The athletes' mean clearance rate of triglycerides after an infusion of Travamulsion (1 mL/kg) was nearly twofold that of the inactive men (5.8t1.5 versus 3.2 ± 0.9%o/min, p < 0.001). There was no differences in HDL apoprotein synthetic rates, whereas the catabolic rates of both apo A-I (0.15 ± 0.02 versus 0.22 ± 0.05 pools per day, p < 0.01) and apolipoprotein A-TI (apo A-Il) (0.15 ± 0.02 versus 0.20 ± 0.04 pools per day, p < 0.05) were reduced in the trained men. Apo A-I and apo A-Il half-lives correlated with HDL cholesterol in each group (r > 0.76, p < 0.05 for all) but not consistently with lipase activities or fat clearance rates. This relation between apoprotein catabolism and HDL cholesterol was strongest at HDL cholesterol concentrations of less than 60 mg/dl. ConclswionsWe conclude that higher HDL levels in active men are associated with increased HDL protein survival. The mechanisms mediating this effect require better definition, and other factors appear to contribute to HDL cholesterol and protein concentrations among individual subjects. (Circulation 1991;84:140–152)
Lite Natural Language

Many have been the attempts in the Seventies and Eighties to build Natural Language Interfaces (NLI) to Databases which have turned out to some level of disappointment towards the Nineties [1]. Nowadays, a similar question is calling for attention again due to the new development in Knowledge Representation and Language Technologies and the widespread interest in Ontology and the Semantic Web [5, 22]. The emphasis is on how to build NLI where only a suitable fragment of natural language (a controlled natural language) is used [14, 16, 25]. Systems have been proposed that guide the user to formulate his/her question via an ontology that incrementally shows the possible concepts on which the remaining part of the question could be about [11, 10]. Others guide the user via an incremental parser [6, 23]. Both approaches aim to allow the user to build only those questions that the system can handle. The present paper addresses the question of which should be the natural language fragment to be used for such a purpose, and how we can define it. To this end we consider of particular value the studies carried out by Ian Pratt [21] who is investigating the satisfiability of sets of sentences in fragments of natural language and its computational complexity. Our proposal is to merge Pratt’s approach with the research mentioned above and use as controlled language for accessing ontologies those fragments with a desirable computational complexity. We use a Description Logic (DL) [2] as the starting point to answer the which part of our question, viz. to pinpoint the most suitable fragment, and Categorial Grammar (CG) as the system to answer the how, viz. aiming to capture exactly those syntactic structures corresponding to all and only the meaning representations allowed in the chosen DL. Our work is quite close to the research presented in [24] in that our Controlled Natural Language expressions have meaning representations that can be expressed in a DL. The difference lies on the one hand in the kind of DL we have considered, and on the other hand in the Grammar. W.r. t. the kind of DL, we focus our attention on DL-Lite, which is a DL (more precisely, a family of DLs) studied in the context of ontology-based access to (relational) databases [7, 8]. As opposed to OWL DL, which is the DL considered in [24], DL-Lite is specifically optimised w.r. t. the size of the data (rather than the size of the intensional descriptions in the ontology), when considering the well-known tradeoff between expressive power and computational complexity of inference. Indeed, it is, in a precise technical sense [9], the maximal DL that has the ability to efficiently and effectively manage very large data repositories by relying
Reducing long-term cost by transforming primary care: evidence from Geisinger's medical home model.

OBJECTIVES To estimate cost savings associated with ProvenHealth Navigator (PHN), which is an advanced model of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) developed by Geisinger Health System, and determine whether those savings increase over time. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective claims data analysis of 43 primary care clinics that were converted into PHN sites between 2006 and 2010. The study population included Geisinger Health Plan's Medicare Advantage plan enrollees who were 65 years or older treated in these clinics (26,303 unique members). METHODS Two patient-level multivariate regression models (with and without interaction effects between prescription drug coverage and PHN exposure) with member fixed effects were used to estimate the effect of members' exposure to PHN on per-member per-month total cost, controlling for member risk, seasonality, yearly trend, and a set of baseline clinic characteristics. RESULTS In both models, a longer period of PHN exposure was significantly associated with a lower total cost. The total cumulative cost savings over the study period was 7.1% (95% confi dence interval [CI] 2.6-11.6) using the model with the prescription drug coverage interaction effects and 4.3% (95% CI 0.4-8.3) using the model without the interaction effects. Corresponding return on investment was 1.7 (95% CI 0.3-3.0) and 1.0 (95% Cl -0.1 to 2.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that PCMHs can lead to significant and sustainable cost savings over time.
Molecular Epidemiology of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hospital Outbreak Driven by a Contaminated Disinfectant-Soap Dispenser

Background and Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection represents a main cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. This study describes a fatal epidemic of P. aeruginosa that occurred in a hematology unit in Italy. Methods Retrospective cohort study, prospective surveillance, auditing, extensive testing on healthcare workers and environmental investigation were performed to define the dynamics and potential causes of transmission. RAPD, macrorestriction analyses and sequence typing were used to define relationships between P. aeruginosa isolates. Results Eighteen cases of infection were identified in the different phases of the investigation. Of these, five constitute a significant molecular cluster of infection. A P. aeruginosa strain with the same genetic fingerprint and sequence type (ST175) as clinical isolates strain was also isolated from a heavily contaminated triclosan soap dispenser. Discussion and Conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that patients became indirectly infected, e.g., during central venous catheter handling through contaminated items, and that the triclosan soap dispenser acted as a common continuous source of P. aeruginosa infection. Since P. aeruginosa is intrinsically unsusceptible to triclosan, the use of triclosan-based disinfectant formulations should be avoided in those healthcare settings hosting patients at high risk of P. aeruginosa infection.
Dynamic effects of mandatory activation of welfare participants

Previous literature shows that activation requirements for welfare participants decrease welfare participation. However, the dynamics have not been examined, and often only exit effects are analyzed. In this paper, we look more closely at the transition rates into and out of welfare. Using register data on the entire population of Stockholm, we are able to capture how both entry and exit rates were affected when activation requirements were introduced at different times in Stockholm’s city districts. The results indicate that the main reduction in welfare participation is due to a small increase in exit rates. The part of the population that is at risk of entering into welfare, though, experiences a reduction in entry rates due to the reform. There are also heterogeneous effects, namely, large effects on entry rates for young individuals. In addition, there are larger effects on exit rates for unmarried individuals without children compared to the population as a whole.
The role of employee motivation in the relationship between personality traits and employee job performance

With the wide acceptance and credence to the significant role of non-task performance within the employee job performance (EJP) criterion, the within individual factors that contribute to the development of both non-task as well as task performance have become the focus of the research. These within individual factors that contribute to the development of performance behaviors among university teachers especially in developing countries is an ignored aspect in the employee job performance (EJP) research. This study examined those factors by taking a within individual approach by focusing on personality traits of core selfevaluations (CSE), acquired motivational needs (MN) and task and non-task performance behaviors of employees. The study tested the direct as well as indirect effects of CSE on EJP. Convenient sampling was used by administering standardized questionnaires personally to 650 university teachers in five major cities of Pakistan. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and AMOS 22 software. This study extended the existing body of knowledge by introducing a new relationship between CSE personality traits and acquired motivational needs. Besides that, the study verified for the first time in personality and performance literature that acquired motivational needs acted as a mediating mechanism for explaining the CSE influence on EJP. The findings can be used as guidelines for university teachers to make appropriate career choices as well as the university management to make suitable decisions regarding selection and placement of teachers
Past time reference in learner English

A “concept-oriented” analysis of past time reference in the English of two French learners provides insight into the communicative strategies employed by advanced language learners. Although these learners have a limited command of past tense morphology, they nevertheless manage to establish past time reference in conversational discourse, utilising alternatives to morphological marking such as the use of adverbial phrases, implicit framing established by prior discourse, or “nil” framing, relying on assumed shared knowledge or the interlocutor’s interpretive skills. The two varieties of “learner English” differ significantly: one features a substantially higher number of morphologically marked verbs, with increasing explicitness in temporal framing; the other makes much greater use of implicit framing, with a substantial and unexpected increase in reliance on discourse-based frames. Neither learner shows evidence of linear or stage-wise development which would correspond to “rule-governed” acquisition of new knowledge.
Vessel Axis Tracking Using Topology Constrained Surface Evolution

An approach to 3-D vessel axis tracking based on surface evolution is presented. The main idea is to guide the evolution of the surface by analyzing its skeleton topology during evolution, and imposing shape constraints on the topology. For example, the intermediate topology can be processed such that it represents a single vessel segment, a bifurcation, or a more complex vascular topology. The evolving surface is then reinitialized with the newly found topology. Reinitialization is a crucial step since it creates probing behavior of the evolving front, encourages the segmentation process to extract the vascular structure of interest and reduces the risk on leaking of the curve into the background. The method was evaluated in two computed tomography angiography applications: 1) extracting the internal carotid arteries including the region in which they traverse through the skull base, which is challenging due to the proximity of bone structures and overlap in intensity values; 2) extracting the carotid bifurcations including many cases in which they are severely stenosed and contain calcifications. The vessel axis was found in 90% (18/20 internal carotids in ten patients) and 70% (14/20 carotid bifurcations in a different set of ten patients) of the cases
Teaching the Practice of Leading Sense-Making Discussions in Science: Science Teacher Educators Using Rehearsals

ABSTRACT Rehearsal is an increasingly important teacher education pedagogy. We explore how 3 science teacher educators thought about and used pauses within rehearsals to support secondary science teacher candidates in learning to facilitate sense-making discussions. Video data indicated that the most common purposes for pausing a rehearsal were to provide feedback about the candidate’s practice and to problem solve with the candidates. Substantively, the most common foci were attending to student thinking and attending to the use of language. Interview data indicated that teacher educators responded to candidates’ needs when making decisions about pauses. These findings suggest that rehearsals can provide rich learning opportunities for teacher candidates in ways that are interactive and responsive to students’ ideas.
Climate change-induced vegetation change as a driver of increased subarctic biogenic volatile organic compound emissions

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) have been earlier shown to be highly temperature sensitive in subarctic ecosystems. As these ecosystems experience rapidly advancing pronounced climate warming, we aimed to investigate how warming affects the BVOC emissions in the long term (up to 13 treatment years). We also aimed to assess whether the increased litterfall resulting from the vegetation changes in the warming subarctic would affect the emissions. The study was conducted in a field experiment with factorial open‐top chamber warming and annual litter addition treatments on subarctic heath in Abisko, northern Sweden. After 11 and 13 treatment years, BVOCs were sampled from plant communities in the experimental plots using a push–pull enclosure technique and collection into adsorbent cartridges during the growing season and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Plant species coverage in the plots was analyzed by the point intercept method. Warming by 2 °C caused a 2‐fold increase in monoterpene and 5‐fold increase in sesquiterpene emissions, averaged over all measurements. When the momentary effect of temperature was diminished by standardization of emissions to a fixed temperature, warming still had a significant effect suggesting that emissions were also indirectly increased. This indirect increase appeared to result from increased plant coverage and changes in vegetation composition. The litter addition treatment also caused significant increases in the emission rates of some BVOC groups, especially when combined with warming. The combined treatment had both the largest vegetation changes and the highest BVOC emissions. The increased emissions under litter addition were probably a result of a changed vegetation composition due to alleviated nutrient limitation and stimulated microbial production of BVOCs. We suggest that the changes in the subarctic vegetation composition induced by climate warming will be the major factor indirectly affecting the BVOC emission potentials and composition.
Cloud tracking using ordinal measures and relaxation labelling

Ordinal measures, based on the relative order of intensity values within window, provide a robust method for finding correspondences between non-ideal images. However, for medium sized windows their discriminatory power is low. To overcome this problem, they can be applied within a correlation-relaxation labelling framework. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated in application to cloud tracking in a sequence of Meteosat infrared images.
A New Immune Genetic Algorithm for the Large Scale Ship Routing Problems

The ship routing problem (SRP) is a special variant of the classical vehicle routing problems (VRPs), which is different from both the VRP with backhauls (VRPB) and the VRP with pickup and delivery (VRPPD). This paper proposes a new immune genetic algorithm for the large scale SRP. The backhaul and time window constraints are also considered. The immune GA is innovated based on the classic GA and it can improve the general search ability and fight the premature convergence effectively. Numerical experiments indicate the proposed method is effective and competitive in reducing both the total shipping cost and the needed ship numbers.