Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Adaptation of Candida albicans In Vivo Modulates Immune Recognition by Dectin-1

The β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 is a member of the C-type lectin family and functions as an innate pattern recognition receptor in antifungal immunity. In both mouse and man, Dectin-1 has been found to play an essential role in controlling infections with Candida albicans, a normally commensal fungus in man which can cause superficial mucocutaneous infections as well as life-threatening invasive diseases. Here, using in vivo models of infection, we show that the requirement for Dectin-1 in the control of systemic Candida albicans infections is fungal strain-specific; a phenotype that only becomes apparent during infection and cannot be recapitulated in vitro. Transcript analysis revealed that this differential requirement for Dectin-1 is due to variable adaptation of C. albicans strains in vivo, and that this results in substantial differences in the composition and nature of their cell walls. In particular, we established that differences in the levels of cell-wall chitin influence the role of Dectin-1, and that these effects can be modulated by antifungal drug treatment. Our results therefore provide substantial new insights into the interaction between C. albicans and the immune system and have significant implications for our understanding of susceptibility and treatment of human infections with this pathogen.
Character analogues of Ramanujan-type integrals involving the Riemann Ξ-function

A new class of integrals involving the product of4-functions associated with primitive Dirichlet characters is considered. These integrals give rise to transformation formulas of the type F.z;;/ D F. z;; N / D F. z;; N / D F.z;;/; where D 1. New character analogues of the Ramanujan‐Guinand formula, the Koshliakov’s formula, and a transformation formula of Ramanujan, as well as its recent generalization, are shown as particular examples. Finally, character analogues of a conjecture of Ramanujan, and Hardy and Littlewood involving infinite series of Mobius functions are derived.
Regularity and long-time behavior for a thermodynamically consistent model for complex fluids in two space dimensions

We consider a thermodynamically consistent model for the evolution of thermally conducting two-phase incompressible fluids. Complementing previous results, we prove additional regularity properties of solutions in the case when the evolution takes place in the two-dimensional flat torus with periodic boundary conditions. Thanks to improved regularity, we can also prove uniqueness and characterize the long-time behavior of trajectories showing existence of the global attractor in a suitable phase-space.
The Relationship among Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Compassion Satisfaction and Social Support of Clinical Dental Hygienists

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among burnout, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and social support of clinical dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 313 dental hygienist who were randomly selected in dental clinic and hospital, which were located in Daejeon, South and North Chungcheong province. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires from June 17 to July 31, 2013. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for burnout by general characteristics, there were statistically significant difference according to age, marital status, clinical career, agency work type and job position. 2. The relationship of burnout and other variables was analyzed, and compassion fatigue had a significant positive effect on burnout, and compassion satisfaction and social support had negative effects on burnout. 3. As a result of analyzing which variables affected burnout, it's found that burnout were under the influence of agency work type, compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and social support. These variables made a 56.9% prediction of burnout. These findings provide strong empirical evidence for the importance of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and social support in explaining burnout of clinical dental hygienists. Therefore, the effective human resource management programs should be developed to consideration with the dental hygienist work environment and the quality of service.
ALMA CYCLE 1 OBSERVATIONS OF THE HH46/47 MOLECULAR OUTFLOW: STRUCTURE, ENTRAINMENT, AND CORE IMPACT

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array Cycle 1 observations of the HH 46/47 molecular outflow using combined 12 m array and Atacama Compact Array observations. The improved angular resolution and sensitivity of our multi-line maps reveal structures that help us study the entrainment process in much more detail and allow us to obtain more precise estimates of outflow properties than in previous observations. We use (1–0) and (1–0) emission to correct for the (1–0) optical depth to accurately estimate the outflow mass, momentum, and kinetic energy. This correction increases the estimates of the mass, momentum, and kinetic energy by factors of about 9, 5, and 2, respectively, with respect to estimates assuming optically thin emission. The new and data also allow us to trace denser and slower outflow material than that traced by the maps, and they reveal an outflow cavity wall at very low velocities (as low as 0.2 with respect to the core’s central velocity). Adding the slower material traced only by and , there is another factor of three increase in the mass estimate and 50% increase in the momentum estimate. The estimated outflow properties indicate that the outflow is capable of dispersing the parent core within the typical lifetime of the embedded phase of a low-mass protostar and that it is responsible for a core-to-star efficiency of 1/4 to 1/3. We find that the outflow cavity wall is composed of multiple shells associated with a series of jet bow-shock events. Within about 3000 au of the protostar the and emission trace a circumstellar envelope with both rotation and infall motions, which we compare with a simple analytic model. The CS (2–1) emission reveals tentative evidence of a slowly moving rotating outflow, which we suggest is entrained not only poloidally but also toroidally by a disk wind that is launched from relatively large radii from the source.
Association between macronutrient intake and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis prognosis

Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the nutritional state of ALS patients is associated with survival. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether macronutrient intake at early stage of the disease was positively associated with survival and duration from symptom onset to death, tracheostomy, or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in ALS. Methods: ALS patients diagnosed according to EI Escorial criteria were recruited from 2011 to 2016 and followed up until 2017, when they reached the endpoint of death, tracheostomy, or NIV use. Dietary intake was estimated based on a 24-hour recall conducted less than 2 years from symptom onset, and the survival time was defined as the duration from symptom onset to the endpoint. Results: ALS patients were categorized as short-term group (n=79) and long-term group (n=69) according to the mean survival time (33.03±14.01 months). Short-term survival was negatively associated with fat, protein, and meat intake, and positively associated with carbohydrate intake after adjustment for confounders. In addition, the survival time was positively associated with fat, protein, and meat intake but was not associated with carbohydrate intake. Discussion: The present study suggested that higher intake of fat and protein, particularly from meat at early stage of the disease, could prolong the survival of ALS patients. However, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm the beneficial effects of higher fat and protein intake on mortality in ALS patients.
The diffusion coefficient controlling crystal growth in a silicate glass‐former

One of the most relevant open issues in glass science refers to our ignorance concerning the nature of the diffusing entities that control crystal nucleation and growth in non-crystalline materials. This information is very relevant because all the existing nucleation and growth equations account for the diffusion coefficient (DU) of these unknown entities. In this article, we measured the shear viscosity (η) and the crystal growth rates of a supercooled diopside liquid (CaMgSi2O6) in a wide temperature range. The well-known decoupling of viscosity and crystal growth rates at deep supercoolings was detected. We tested and analyzed 4 different approaches to compute DU, three existing and one proposed here. As expected, the classical approach (DU ~ η−1) and the fractional viscosity approach (DU ~ η−e) were not able to describe the crystal growth rates near the glass transition temperature. However, our proposed expression to calculate DU—gradually changing from a viscosity-controlled to an Arrhenian-controlled process—was able to describe the available data in the whole temperature range and yielded the lowest uncertainty for the adjustable parameters. Our results suggest that viscous flow ceases to control the crystal growth process below the so-called decoupling temperature, corroborating some previous studies.
About 17 (+/−2) Potential Principles about Links between the Innate Mind and Culture

I put forth here a series of potential principles, based on a combination of common sense and evidential support, and with a historical perspective, from the viewpoint of a psychologist who has researched in the area of brain and mind, preference and beliefs, and cultural influences. I illustrate these points or principles with examples, often chosen from the world of food, my principal area of specialization.
Distinct trajectories of athlete development: A retrospective analysis of professional rugby league players

ABSTRACT Contemporary models of athlete development (e.g., Development Model of Sport Participation) suggest attainment benefits from early age multi-sport “sampling” behaviour before progressive transition into “invested” single-sport involvement in teenage years compared to intensive early-age specialisation. However, specific examinations of these development patterns across a number of team sports and cultural contexts remains limited. This study involved a large sample of professional Australian Rugby League (RL) players (N = 224) who progressed along the RL system pathways. It defined two contrasting athlete development trajectories based upon initial entry into formal age group representative teams (“Early”: U16, U18; “Later”: U20+) to compare their developmental participation patterns using the National Rugby League Athlete Development Questionnaire (NRLADQ). Between-Within Analyses of Variance (BW-ANOVA)’s identified interaction effects as the ‘Later’ group reported lower volumes of deliberate practice from 10–20 years, RL-game involvement from 10–20 years, deliberate play from 5–12 years, and a later reduction in other sporting involvement. Group differences in RL-related deliberate practice and play were supported by qualitative descriptions of training at age-categories. Conclusion: RL professional senior elite success level can be attained via early intensified specialised investment and accelerated youth success as well as by a rather decelerated, much less cost-intensive participation pattern.
Distribution of tsunami interevent times

The distribution of tsunami interevent times is analyzed using global and site‐specific (Hilo, Hawaii) tsunami catalogs. An empirical probability density distribution is determined by binning the observed interevent times during a period in which the observation rate is approximately constant. The empirical distributions for both catalogs exhibit non‐Poissonian behavior in which there is an abundance of short interevent times compared to an exponential distribution. Two types of statistical distributions are used to model this clustering behavior: (1) long‐term clustering described by a universal scaling law, and (2) Omori law decay of aftershocks and triggered sources. The empirical and theoretical distributions all imply an increased hazard rate after a tsunami, followed by a gradual decrease with time approaching a constant hazard rate. Examination of tsunami sources suggests that many of the short interevent times are caused by triggered earthquakes, though the triggered events are not necessarily on the same fault.
A new nonlinear model for generating RR tachograms

Using a mathematical model to produce the time series for heart rate variability (HRV) is needed to produce artificial electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. In this paper, we incorporate into our model the effects of both respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and Mayer waves. In addition, the inter-coupling between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is also included.
Effect of Dopamine Uptake Inhibition on Brain Catecholamine Levels and Locomotion in Catechol-O-methyltransferase-Disrupted Mice

Two different uptake processes terminate the synaptic action of released catecholamines in brain: the high-affinity uptake to presynaptic nerve terminals (uptake1, followed by oxidation by monoamine oxidase, MAO) or glial cells uptake (uptake2, followed by O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT, and/or oxidation by MAO). For dopaminergic neurons, uptake by the high-affinity dopamine transporter (DAT) is the most effective mechanism, and the contribution of glial COMT remains secondary under normal conditions. In the present study we have characterized the role of COMT using COMT-deficient mice in conditions where DAT is inhibited by 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine (GBR 12909) or cocaine. In mice lacking COMT, GBR 12909 results in total brain tissue dopamine levels generally higher than in wild-type mice but no such potentiation was ever seen in striatal extracellular fluid. Dopamine accumulation in nerve endings is more evident in striatum and hypothalamus than in cortex. Both GBR 12909 and cocaine induced hyperlocomotion in mice lacking COMT. Unexpectedly, hyperactivity induced by 20 mg/kg GBR 12909 was attenuated only in male COMT knockout mice, i.e., they had an inability to sustain the hyperactivity induced by DAT inhibition. Furthermore, attenuation of hyperlocomotion was observed also after cocaine treatment in both C57BL/6 (at 5 and 15 mg/kg) and 129/Sv (at 30 mg/kg) genetic background COMT-deficient male mice. Despite the possible interaction between DAT and extraneuronal uptake (and subsequently COMT), the role of COMT in dopamine elimination is still minimal in conditions when DAT is inhibited.
Including the calculation of transient electric field in the life estimation of HVDC cables subjected to load cycles

The need for long subsea power links, the advantages of high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission, and the concerns about overhead lines are promoting a booming growth of submarine and land DC cable lines worldwide [1]. In particular the performance of HVDC extruded cable systems has been improved significantly in recent years. The ratings have increased, with bipolar DC extruded cable systems already in service at voltage and power levels up to 320 kV and 1 GW, respectively [2]-[5], and DC extruded cable systems being qualified at voltage ratings up to 525 kV [6], [7].
Case studies of prediction of excavation response using learned excavation performance

Inverse analysis approaches are increasingly used to learn from instrumented excavations with the aim of predicting excavation performance in similar stratigraphy. This paper demonstrates the capabilities and limitations of a recently developed inverse analysis approach, SelfSim, to predict excavation performance using soil behavior learned from measured excavation response in similar soil stratigraphy. Self-Learning Simulation (SelfSim) inverse analysis approach utilizes continuously evolving soil models to extract soil behavior from measured displacements and loads due to excavation. SelfSim learning and subsequent prediction of excavation performance is applied to three sets of case studies in Texas, Shanghai and Taipei separately. The difficulties associated with the use of measured excavation response that is incompatible with recorded construction activity, and the importance of engineering judgment in preparing measurement data for inverse analysis are discussed. In the Texas A and M full scale model wall, the soil behavior extracted from field measurements of a two-level tieback section is used to predict the lateral deflections of inclinometers at the wall and behind the wall with a single tieback level. The limitations of inverse analysis in modeling the slippage of the wall and predicting settlements are described. In Shanghai Metro Station Excavation, the predicted wall deflections and surface settlements at various sections along the station are in general agreement with the measured values. In Formosa deep excavation in Taipei, the lateral wall deflections and surface settlements are predicted reasonably well after learning from measurements at an excavation that is nearly 2 km away.
Prognosis of Parkinson disease: risk of dementia and mortality: the Rotterdam Study.

BACKGROUND Most prognostic studies on Parkinson disease have been hospital based or have applied register-based case-finding methods. Potential under-representation of mild cases may have given biased results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Parkinson disease is associated with an increased risk of dementia and death. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. Parkinson disease and dementia were assessed through in-person examination at baseline (1990-1993) and 2 follow-up visits (1993-1994 and 1997-1999). Computerized linkage to medical and municipality records provided additional information on disease outcomes and mortality. SETTING General population. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6969 participants, including 99 prevalent and 67 incident cases of Parkinson disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident dementia and death. Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated through Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with Parkinson disease had an increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-4.4), which was especially pronounced in participants carrying at least 1 apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) epsilon2 allele (13.5; 4.5-40.6). Parkinson disease was associated with an increased mortality risk (1.8; 1.5-2.3). The association consistently diminished when analyses were sequentially restricted to patients with shorter disease duration and after adjustment for the occurrence of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Especially patients with Parkinson disease who carry an APOE epsilon2 allele have an increased risk of developing dementia. Increased mortality risk in Parkinson disease is dependent on disease duration and is only modest in the absence of dementia.
Toward a scientific understanding of the public understanding of science and technology

Over the last three decades, the study of the public understanding of science and technology has become a visible and recognized area of scholarship. It is certainly not an academic discipline, and probably not a viable field of study apart from other strong disciplinary roots, but it has produced a cluster of coherent and related research. One might characterize the area as bringing together relevant theoretical constructs from a variety of disciplines to improve our understanding of a contemporary problem. To a large extent, the empirical study of the public understanding of science began with a 1957 national survey of American adults, sponsored by the National Association of Science Writers (NASW) and the Rockefeller Foundation. Stimulated by a need to better understand the size and needs of the audience for science writing, this survey of approximately 1900 US adults examined media consumption patterns generally, media consumption patterns specific to science and technology, attitudes toward scientific and technological issues, and, to a limited extent, citizen participation in the formulation of science and technology policy. ’ It included only a few substantive knowledge items and those were sufficiently applied and contemporary (polio vaccine, strontium-90) to be of little use for time series measurements. Interestingly, the interviewing for the 1957 NASW study was completed only a couple of weeks prior to the launch of Sputnik I, thus providing the only available measurements of the public understanding of science and technology prior to the beginning of the era of space exploration. As a major baseline data set, many of the items from the 1957 study have been repeated in subsequent studies and are the basis of our conceptions of the rate and direction of change in the public understanding of science and technology. Fifteen years passed before the resumption of regular data collection in the United States concerning the public understanding of science and technology, and, even then, the focus was primarily on attitudes rather than understanding. Beginning in 1972, the National Science Board initiated a biennial series of reports known as Science Indicators that are transmitted to the Congress by the President as a status report on American science and technology. ’ It was decided that one chapter in each of these reports would focus on public attitudes toward science and technology and a limited set of questions were commissioned in an omnibus national survey. The items focused primarily on broad general attitudes toward science and technology and a few more
Screening of Azotobacter isolates for PGP properties and antifungal activity

Аmong 50 bacterial isolates obtained from maize rhizospherе, 13 isolates belonged to the genus Azotobacter. Isolates were biochemically characterized and estimated for pH and halo tolerance ability and antibiotic resistance. According to characterization, the six representative isolates were selected and further screened in vitro for plant growth promoting properties: production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), exopolysaccharides, phosphate solubilization and antifungal activity (vs. Helminthosporium sp., Macrophomina sp., Fusarium sp.). Beside HCN production, PGP properties were detected for all isolates except Azt7. All isolates produced IAA in the medium without L-tryptophan and the amount of produced IAA increased with concentration of precursor in medium. The highest amount of IAA was produced by isolates Azt4 (37.69 and 45.86 μg ml-1) and Azt5 (29.44 and 50.38 μg ml-1) in the medium with addition of L-tryptophan (2.5 and 5 mM). The isolates showed the highest antifungal activity against Helminthosporium sp. and the smallest antagonistic effect on Macrophomina sp. Radial Growth Inhibition (RGI) obtained by the confrontation of isolates with tested phytopathogenic fungi, ranged from 10 to 48%.
Nibrin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: association with clinicopathological parameters

Aim: The present study sought to discover the role of Nibrin protein in 100 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its potential relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Nibrin expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using the modified H-score method. Results: The present study included 20% of patients with stage I disease, 22% of patients with stage II disease, 18% of patients with stage III disease, and 40% of patients with stage IV disease. Nibrin showed a significant positive correlation with moderately/poorly differentiated tumor tissues (P = 0.028), while significant inverse correlation of Nibrin expression was observed with tumor size (P = 0.018) and tumor stage (P = 0.039). Further, using univariate survival analysis it was observed that strong Nibrin expression was significantly associated with disease relapse in early stage OSCC patients (P = 0.049). Conclusion: Thus, the present study revealed that Nibrin could be used as a prognostic marker in patients with early stage OSCC.