Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equipment Time Scheduling with Package Auctions

In many disciplines success depends on access to scarce resources, such as unique instruments. Research on computersupported cooperative work (CSCW) has contributed to the development of technologies, such as collaboratories, that broaden access to scarce scientific and engineering resources. While broader access is often applauded, little attention has been focused on the problem of equitable and efficient resource allocation in the face of increased demand created through collaboratory use. This paper, then, applies concepts from the economic discipline of mechanism design to compare different resource allocation schemes (RAD, Vickery, and knapsack) within a hypothetical collaboratory. Experimental results show that knapsack achieves a more equitable distribution of resources than RAD or Vickery, but that RAD and Vickery are both more efficient than knapsack. The findings highlight the need for systematic exploration of allocation mechanisms within collaboratories, where simple optimization (e.g., knapsack) is likely to produce a sub-optimal match of resources to needs. More generally, the findings illustrate the utility of economic approaches in understanding issues that emerge in large-scale collaborations, such as entire scientific and engineering communities, that have not typically been the subject of CSCW research. ∗(Produces the permission block, and copyright information). For use with SIG-ALTERNATE.CLS. Supported by ACM. †A full version of this paper is available as Author’s Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using LTEX2ǫ and BibTeX at www.acm. org/eaddress.htm ‡The SI authors. §The econ author. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of thi s work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided th at copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage an d that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To cop y therwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, re quires prior specific permission and/or a fee. WOODSTOCK ’97 El Paso, Texas USA Copyright 200X ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX . $5.00.
Kinetics and Inhibition of Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethylenes by Two Different Mixed Cultures

Kinetic studies with two different anaerobic mixed cultures (the PM and the EV cultures) were conducted to evaluate inhibition between chlorinated ethylenes. The more chlorinated ethylenes inhibited the reductive dechlorination of the less chlorinated ethylenes, while the less chlorinated ethylenes weakly inhibited the dechlorination of the more chlorinated ethylenes. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) inhibited reductive trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination but not cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) dechlorination, while TCE strongly inhibited c-DCE and VC dechlorination. c-DCE also inhibited vinyl chloride (VC) transformation to ethylene (ETH). When a competitive inhibition model was applied, the inhibition constant (KI) for the more chlorinated ethylene was comparable to its respective MichaelisMenten half-velocity coefficient, KS. Model simulations using independently derived kinetic parameters matched the experimental results well. kmax and KS values required for model simulations of anaerobic dechlorination reactions were obtained using a multiple equilibration method conducted in a single reactor. The method provided precise kinetic values for each step of the dechlorination process. The greatest difference in kinetic parameters was for the VC transformation step. VC was transformed more slowly by the PM culture (kmax and KS values of 2.4 ( 0.4 μmol/mg of protein/day and 602 ( 7 μM, respectively) compared to the EV culture (8.1 ( 0.9 μmol/mg of protein/day and 62.6 ( 2.4 μM). Experimental results and model simulations both illustrate how low KS values corresponded to efficient reductive dechlorination for the more highly chlorinated ethylenes but caused strong inhibition of the transformation of the less chlorinated products. Thus, obtaining accurate KS values is important for modeling both transformation rates of parent compounds and their inhibition on daughter product transformation.
The Trusted Leadership Advisor: Defined, Unpacked, Encouraged

The role of trusted leadership advisor (TLA) is defined as it was originally conceptualized. This role is filled by highly experienced executive-development professionals working in long-term engagements with senior business leaders who have come to value this resource and want to leverage it to ensure their ongoing leadership effectiveness. The titular distinction between executive coach and TLA is emphasized as a practice differentiator. Five factors are cited as distinguishing TLA work from short-term executive coaching; these factors are discussed and anchored in an expertise and insight-oriented practice model. The emergence of more TLAs is encouraged given the need this resource fills for senior executives grappling with the relentlessness of current business challenges and concomitant personal pressures.
Main and interactive effects of weekly transformational and laissez‐faire leadership on followers’ trust in the leader and leader effectiveness

Leaders' behaviour fluctuates over time, and leaders use different behaviours that impact their followers. Whereas transformational leadership is associated with positive outcomes, laissez-faire leadership negatively affects followers. An important question that remains unanswered is how the joint use of both leadership behaviours relates to leader effectiveness. In this study, we answer this question by investigating the main and interactive effects of transformational and laissez-faire leadership behaviours on perceived leader effectiveness. Specifically, we hypothesized that leaders are perceived as less effective by their followers when they use both transformational and laissez-faire leadershiip because it reduces followers' trust in their leader. Data came from 59 employees who participated in a weekly diary study and provided 228 data points. Results showed that both weekly transformational and laissez-faire leadership predicted trust in the leader assessed in the following week. Trust in the leader, in turn, positively predicted perceived leader effectiveness assessed one week later. Contrary to our predictions, we found that trust in the leader and perceived leader effectiveness were reduced when leaders showed a combination of less (-1SD) weekly transformational and more (+1SD) laissez-faire leadership than usual. In the weeks that leaders showed more (+1SD) transformational leadership, followers had more trust in their leader and perceived their leader to be more effective regardless of the leader's use of laissez-faire. These findings suggest that it is important to take interactions between different leadership behaviours into account when studying leadership effectiveness.
Dynamic Models of Segregation in Small-World Networks

Schelling (1969, 1971a,b, 1978) considered a simple proximity model of segregation where individual agents only care about the types of people living in their own local geographical neighborhood, the spatial structure being represented by one- or two-dimensional lattices. In this paper, we argue that segregation might occur not only in the geographical space, but also in social environments. Furthermore, recent empirical studies have documented that social interaction structures are well-described by small-world networks. We gen- eralize Schelling's model by allowing agents to interact in small-world networks instead of regular lattices. We study two alternative dynamic models where agents can decide to move either arbitrarily far away (global model) or are bound to choose an alternative location in their social neighborhood (local model). Our main result is that the system attains levels of segregation that are in line with those reached in the lattice-based spatial proximity model. Thus, Schelling's original results seem to be robust to the structural properties of the network.
Enhancement of Neuroplastic P2 and N1c Auditory Evoked Potentials in Musicians

P2 and N1c components of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) have been shown to be sensitive to remodeling of the auditory cortex by training at pitch discrimination in nonmusician subjects. Here, we investigated whether these neuroplastic components of the AEP are enhanced in musicians in accordance with their musical training histories. Highly skilled violinists and pianists and nonmusician controls listened under conditions of passive attention to violin tones, piano tones, and pure tones matched in fundamental frequency to the musical tones. Compared with nonmusician controls, both musician groups evidenced larger N1c (latency, 138 msec) and P2 (latency, 185 msec) responses to the three types of tonal stimuli. As in training studies with nonmusicians, N1c enhancement was expressed preferentially in the right hemisphere, where auditory neurons may be specialized for processing of spectral pitch. Equivalent current dipoles fitted to the N1c and P2 field patterns localized to spatially differentiable regions of the secondary auditory cortex, in agreement with previous findings. These results suggest that the tuning properties of neurons are modified in distributed regions of the auditory cortex in accordance with the acoustic training history (musical- or laboratory-based) of the subject. Enhanced P2 and N1c responses in musicians need not be considered genetic or prenatal markers for musical skill.
Sugar metabolism and pathogenicity of Spiroplasma citri.

Spiroplasma citri is a plant-pathogenic mollicute, phylogenetically related to Gram-positive bacteria. Spiroplasma cells are restricted to the phloem sieve elements and are transmitted by leafhopper vectors. Recent research has allowed depicting a unique scenario in S. citri pathogenicity, where sugar metabolism plays a major role. In vitro S. citri uses fructose, glucose, and trehalose, which are imported through the Phosphoenolpyruvate phosphoTransferase System (PTS). When both fructose and glucose are present, fructose is used preferentially. The fructose-PTS permease is made of one single polypeptide IIABCFru, whereas the glucose permease is split into two polypeptides IICBGlc and IIAGlc encoded by two separated genes ptsG and crr. The glucose IICBGlc and trehalose IIBCTre permeases function with a single IIAGlc domain, enabling the spiroplasma to rapidly adapt from glucose to trehalose and vice versa. Upregulation of expression of the PTS permease genes by the relevant sugar also illustrates the adaptive capacity of the spiroplasma. S. citri mutants unable to import glucose and trehalose are still highly pathogenic. In contrast, mutants unable to import fructose induce very mild and delayed symptoms, indicating that fructose and glucose play distinct roles in spiroplasmal pathogenicity. While fructose is used as a substrate by the spiroplasma to grow, glucose accumulates in source leaves of the host plant, leading to physiological disorders and down-regulation of photosynthesis genes. Fructose utilization by the spiroplasmas is postulated to deprive companion cells of fructose, thereby impairing sucrose loading in the sieve elements. Alternatively, preferential use of fructose is hypothesized to increase invertase activity, leading to glucose accumulation, and inhibition of photosynthesis. Both model mechanisms may contribute to S. citri pathogenicity.
The Electoral Politics of Complex Healthcare Systems

OECD countries have used a variety of mechanisms for subsidizing healthcare for more than a century. These include tax preferences, direct subsidies, mandated health insurance programs, government-financed single-payer systems, and direct provision of healthcare services. In most cases, combinations of tax-financed systems are used along with direct private purchases of healthcare. This paper attempts to explain why particular combinations of programs have been adopted and why they are modified through time.The results show that income, morbidity levels, ideology, and political institutions systematically affect system composition.
Opportunities and Limitations of Modelling Alzheimer’s Disease with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened the way for patient-specific disease modelling. Following their differentiation into neuronal cell types, iPSC have enabled the investigation of human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While human iPSCs certainly provide great opportunities to repeatedly interrogate specific human brain cell types of individuals with familial and sporadic forms of the disease, the complex aetiology and timescale over which AD develops in humans poses particular challenges to iPSC-based AD models. Here, we discuss the current state-of-play in the context of these and other iPSC model-related challenges and elaborate on likely future developments in this field of research.
RGG-boxes of the EWS oncoprotein repress a range of transcriptional activation domains

The Ewings Sarcoma Oncoprotein (EWS) interacts with several components of the mammalian transcriptional and pre-mRNA splicing machinery and is also found in the cytoplasm and even on the cell surface. The apparently diverse cellular functions of EWS are, however, not well characterized. EWS harbours a potent N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (the EAD) that is revealed in the context of oncogenic EWS-fusion proteins (EFPs) and a C-terminal RNA-binding domain (RBD) that recruits pre-mRNA splicing factors and may couple transcription and splicing. In contrast to EFPs, the presumed transcriptional role of normal EWS remains enigmatic. Here, we report that multiple RGG-boxes within the RBD are necessary and sufficient for cis-repression of the EAD and that RGG-boxes can also repress in-trans, within dimeric partners. Lys can functionally substitute for Arg, indicating that the basic nature of the Arg side chain is the critical determinant of RGG-box-mediated repression. In addition to the EAD, RGG-boxes can repress a broad range of activation domains (including those of VP16, E1a and CREB), but repression can be alleviated by the simultaneous presence of more than one activation domain. We therefore propose that a key function of RGG boxes within native EWS is to restrict promiscuous activation by the EAD while still allowing EWS to enter functional transcription complexes and participate in other transactions involving pre-mRNAs.
Gaining insight from the data warehouse: the competence maturity model

Develops a competency maturity model to describe the skills of a data analyst that positively influence data warehouse usage and insight generation in today's data warehouse environment. Exploratory case studies were used to identify critical competencies and develop new measures of data warehouse usage and success. Grounded in H.C. Triandis's (1979) theory of motivation, a research model was tested using a survey of 169 data analysts from seven organizations. This paper makes contributions to both managers and academia regarding the competencies required to extract value from data warehouses. It also introduces a new data analysis term called "the dance", a concept for future research.
Communications in Mathematical Physics Log-Infinitely Divisible Multifractal Processes

We define a large class of multifractal random measures and processes with arbitrary log-infinitely divisible exact or asymptotic scaling law. These processes generalize within a unified framework both the recently defined log-normal Multifractal Random Walk processes (MRW) [33, 3] and the log-Poisson “product of cylindrical pulses” [7]. Their construction involves some “continuous stochastic multiplication” [36] from coarse to fine scales. They are obtained as limit processes when the finest scale goes to zero. We prove the existence of these limits and we study their main statistical properties including non-degeneracy, convergence of the moments and multifractal scaling.
Cross-media retrieval using probabilistic model of automatic image annotation

In recent years, automatic image annotation (AIA) has been applied to cross-media retrieval usually due to its advantage of mining correlations of images and annotation texts efficiently. However, some AIA methods just annotate images as a unit and the accuracy of annotation may not be acceptable. In this paper, we propose a kind of probabilistic model which may assign keywords to an un-annotated image automatically based on a training dataset of images. Images in the training dataset are segmented into regions and a kind of vocabulary called blob is used to represent these image regions. Blobs are generated by using K-Means algorithm to cluster these image regions. Through this model, we can predict the probability of assigning a keyword into a blob. After the accomplishment of annotation, a keyword corresponds to one image region. Furthermore, the feature vectors of text documents are generated by TF.IDF method and images’ automatic annotation information is used to retrieve relevant text documents. Experiments on the IAPR TC-12 dataset and 500 Wikipedia webpages about landscape show the usefulness of applying probabilistic model of AIA to the cross-media retrieval.
The network capacity benefits of Flexgrid

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks of the future are likely to use Flexgrid, providing operators with additional flexibility when assigning spectrum compared to traditional WDM networks using the 50GHz ITU grid. Flexgrid breaks the spectrum up into small (typically 12.5GHz) slots, but its key feature is that contiguous slots can be joined together to form arbitrary sized blocks of spectrum. This additional flexibility will allow faster transponders that utilise high spectral efficiency modulation techniques, but no longer fit within a 50GHz slot due to their larger spectral width requirements, to be carried by the optical network. From the use of these new spectrum efficient modulation formats and finer control over spectrum allocations, a key benefit that Flexgrid offers network operators is that their WDM networks can carry more traffic. This paper will look at the capacity improvements that can be realised on a WDM network that is using Flexgrid over those that are using a traditional fixed grid.
Multi-penalty regularization with a component-wise penalization

We discuss a new regularization scheme for reconstructing the solution of a linear ill-posed operator equation from given noisy data in the Hilbert space setting. In this new scheme, the regularized approximation is decomposed into several components, which are defined by minimizing a multi-penalty functional. We show theoretically and numerically that under a proper choice of the regularization parameters, the regularized approximation exhibits the so-called compensatory property, in the sense that it performs similar to the best of the single-penalty regularization with the same penalizing operator.
Factors affecting remand in custody: a study of bail practices in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia

At any time, around 15 per cent of Australia’s 20,000 prisoners are on remand, that is, they are in custody but have not been sentenced. They are held in custody to ensure they will appear in court to answer charges, or to protect the community, or victims, or witnesses. Many people on remand do not serve a further period of imprisonment. Furthermore, the rate of remand varies significantly around the jurisdictions. The Criminology Research Council sought to learn more about the structure and processes of remand in Australia. It put to tender a research proposal to: • Identify the factors that may influence the processes and the rates of adult remand in custody which may contribute to variations in remand rates between jurisdictions • Describe how remands are managed in the Australian criminal justice systems in general, by the design of “process maps’ • Identify research gaps and priorities for future research needs • Develop a “blue print” for further research focussing on variations around Australia and assessment of best practice in relation to remand decision-making processes The project was carried out by three scholars from South Australia, David Bamford, Sue King, and Rick Sarre. This monograph reports on the consultancy. This monograph is published for the Criminology Research Council by the Australian Institute of Criminology which administers the Criminology Research Council.
The prion protein inhibits monocytic cell migration by stimulating β1 integrin adhesion and uropod formation

ABSTRACT The broad tissue distribution and evolutionary conservation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored prion protein (PrP, also known as PRNP) suggests that it plays a role in cellular homeostasis. Given that integrin adhesion determines cell behavior, the proposed role of PrP in cell adhesion might underlie the various in vitro and in vivo effects associated with PrP loss-of-function, including the immune phenotypes described in PrP−/− mice. Here, we investigated the role of PrP in the adhesion and (transendothelial) migration of human (pro)monocytes. We found that PrP regulates β1-integrin-mediated adhesion of monocytes. Additionally, PrP controls the cell morphology and migratory behavior of monocytes: PrP-silenced cells show deficient uropod formation on immobilized VCAM and display bleb-like protrusions on the endothelium. Our data further show that PrP regulates ligand-induced integrin activation. Finally, we found that PrP controls the activation of several proteins involved in cell adhesion and migration, including RhoA and its effector cofilin, as well as proteins of the ERM family. We propose that PrP modulates β1 integrin adhesion and migration of monocytes through RhoA-induced actin remodeling mediated by cofilin, and through the regulation of ERM-mediated membrane–cytoskeleton linkage. Highlighted Article: PrP modulates β1 integrin adhesion and migration of monocytes through RhoA-induced actin remodeling mediated by cofilin and through the regulation of ERM-mediated membrane–cytoskeleton linkage.
Habitat productivity predicts the global distribution of social spiders

Permanently-social spiders share a common suite of traits, including cooperative foraging and brood care, elimination of pre-mating dispersal, and the transition to an inbreeding mating system. Social spiders are confined to tropic and subtropical habitats, suggesting environmental constraints on the evolution of group living in spiders. Because social spider groups are sedentary and dependent on arrival of insect prey in their capture webs, group living and the associated higher local density is expected to rely on a relatively resource rich environment. We used spatial statistical modelling to explore environmental factors underlying the macro-ecological patterns in the distribution and diversity patterns of social spiders. We found strong support for habitat productivity as a predictor of the distribution of social species, particularly in the Old World. We show that social species are restricted to more productive habitats relative to a set of closely related subsocial sister species with a solitary lifestyle. Within their distribution range, social species richness was higher where precipitation seasonality is lower. These macro-ecological patterns corroborate the underlying biological hypotheses that evolution of group living is facilitated in environments that provide more abundant insect prey and a more continuous supply of food resources.