Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nothing Personal: An Empirical Phenomenological Study of the Experience of “Being-on-an-SSRI”

The process by which SSRIs reduce “depressive symptoms” remains obscure. Biochemical, functional, and taker self-assessment evidences for the “corrective” nature of this process are inconclusive and ultimately incapable of appropriately addressing the meaning of being “anti-depressed. ” In light of their growing prevalence, an understanding of the ways in which SSRIs alter takers' lived worlds is crucial for those who are presently taking them or considering doing so, for those recommending their use, and for those inhabiting societies increasingly composed of people who use them. This study found that the essential lived characteristic of “being-on-SSRIs” was increased distance or disconnection between takers their worlds, a disruption which showed itself most prominently within the emotional, bodily, social, and existential realms. Depression and anxiety are intense modes of relation, and the alteration of meaningful connections is characterized largely by participants as a disruption. SSRIs succeed in alleviating pain and suffering. However, takers' attunement becomes a relatively “a-motional” acceptance of whatever occurs in their world. Their stance becomes an essentially passive approach toward a world that can no longer “touch” them and to which takers are no longer responsible, and numbing “side-effects” are inseparable from the “treatment effect. ”
A Few Model-Based Answers to Monetary Policy Questions in the United States and the Euro-Area

This paper estimates a sticky-information general-equilibrium model for the United States and the Euro-area, and uses it as a laboratory to answer monetary policy questions. The rst set of questions is positive and concerns describing past monetary policy: what policy rule has best described policy? What has been the role of stabilization policy? How large have policy errors been? What is the role of policy announcements? What is the result of having interest rates move gradually? The second set of questions is normative and concerns the design of optimal policy: what is the optimal Taylor rule? What is the optimal elastic price-level standard? What rule maximizes social welfare? How does parameter uncertainty a¤ect optimal policy? The answers to these questions suggest a few lessons for applied monetary policy. JEL classi cation: E30, E10 I am grateful to Tiago Berriel for excellent research assistance. Contact: rreis@princeton.edu.
Locomotor behavior of Lagothrix lagothricha and Ateles belzebuth in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador: general patterns and nonsuspensory modes.

Field study of the locomotor behavior of sympatric woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in undisturbed rainforest of northern Ecuador revealed similar patterns in use of plant forms (categorized tree and liana structure), and substantial differences in the frequencies of use of different grouped modes (aggregates of kinematically similar specific modes). Lagothrix progressed more than Ateles by leaping/dropping and quadrupedal walking/running, whereas Ateles exhibited more suspensory locomotion. Grouped modes are associated with different plant forms in similar ways in the two species. In contrast, the species differed in use of tree zone (trunk/bole, major branches, intermediate branches, and terminal branches), with Lagothrix using intermediate branches and Ateles terminal branches more. Correlated with this difference was greater use by Lagothrix of quadrupedal movement, especially on intermediate branches, and greater use of suspensory modes by Ateles, especially in the terminal zone. Further research is needed to determine how these patterns are facilitated and constrained by morphological mechanisms. Analysis of specific locomotor modes within groups shows several interspecific differences in relative frequencies.
Piracy of Decay-Accelerating Factor (CD55) Signal Transduction by the Diffusely Adhering Strain Escherichia coli C1845 Promotes Cytoskeletal F-Actin Rearrangements in Cultured Human Intestinal INT407 Cells

ABSTRACT Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) C1845 (clinical isolate) harboring the fimbrial adhesin F1845 can infect cultured human differentiated intestinal epithelial cells; this process is followed by the disassembly of the actin network in the apical domain. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism by which DAEC C1845 promotes F-actin rearrangements. For this purpose, we used a human embryonic intestinal cell line (INT407) expressing the membrane-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) protein-anchored decay-accelerating factor (DAF), the receptor of the F1845 adhesin. We show here that infection of INT407 cells by DAEC C1845 can provoke dramatic F-actin rearrangements without cell entry. Clustering of phosphotyrosines was observed, revealing that the DAEC C1845-DAF interaction involves the recruitment of signal transduction molecules. A pharmacological approach with a subset of inhibitors of signal transduction molecules was used to identify the cascade of signal transduction molecules that are coupled to the DAF, that are activated upon infection, and that promote the F-actin rearrangements. DAEC C1845-induced F-actin rearrangements can be blocked dose dependently by protein tyrosine kinase, phospholipase Cγ, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and Ca2+inhibitors. F-actin rearrangements and blocking by inhibitors were observed after infection of the cells with two E. colirecombinants carrying the plasmids containing the fimbrial adhesin F1845 or the fimbrial hemagglutinin Dr, belonging to the same family of adhesins. These findings show that the DAEC Dr family of pathogens promotes alterations in the intestinal cell cytoskeleton by piracy of the DAF-GPI signal cascade without bacterial cell entry.
The Impact of the Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines on Sex Differences in Sentencing

Although it has been argued that sentencing guidelines reduce the favorable treatment afforded female offenders, only one study has directly theoretically assessed the impact of guidelines on sentencing outcomes for men versus women. This study examines the influence of guidelines on the outcomes of male and female defendants sentenced in Pennsylvania by examining three periods, including one period during which guidelines were suspended. Results indicate that female, compared to male, offenders were less likely to be incarcerated in jail or prison and received shorter sentences in all periods; differences were not greatest when guidelines were suspended. Findings suggest that Pennsylvania's structured sentencing model has not affected the sex—sentencing relationship in that state.
Unblinded Pilot Study of Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Background— The short-term clinical benefits of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation have been shown in patients with critical limb ischemia. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. Methods and Results— Eleven limbs (3 with rest pain and 8 with an ischemic ulcer) of 8 patients were treated by bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation. The patients were followed up for clinical events for a mean of 684±549 days (range 103 to 1466 days). At 4 weeks, improvement in pain was observed in all 11 limbs, with complete relief in 4 (36%). Pain scale (visual analog scale) score decreased from 5.1±0.7 to 1.5±1.3. An improvement in skin ulcers was observed in all 8 limbs with an ischemic ulcer, with complete healing in 7 (88%). During the follow-up, however, clinical events occurred in 4 of the 8 patients. The first patient suffered sudden death at 20 months after transplantation at 30 years of age. The second patient with an incomplete healing of a skin ulcer showed worsening of the lesion at 4 months. The third patient showed worsening of rest pain at 8 months. The last patient developed an arteriovenous shunt in the foot at 7 months, which spontaneously regressed by 1 year. Conclusions— In the present unblinded and uncontrolled pilot study, long-term adverse events, including death and unfavorable angiogenesis, were observed in half of the patients receiving bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation. Given the current incomplete knowledge of the safety and efficacy of this strategy, careful long-term monitoring is required for future patients receiving this treatment.
Why Do Complementors Participate? An Analysis of Partnership Networks in the Enterprise Software Industry

In the enterprise software industry, large providers (hubs) are fostering partner networks with smaller companies (spokes) that complement their platforms. This study takes the perspective of these spokes and seeks to understand their motivation to partner. It is the first to simultaneously examine two theoretical perspectives that help explain partnership formation. The input-oriented perspective holds that organizations enter inter-firm arrangements in order to access external resources and capabilities. The output-oriented perspective posits that the complementarity of the partners' products influences the benefits obtained from a partnership. In order to examine the relevancy and possible interaction of these two perspectives, a multiple-case study is conducted. Qualitative data from 17 spoke organizations is gathered and thoroughly analyzed. The study confirms that the hub's reputation and its capability to provide integrated systems are generally important reasons for partnering. However, the extent to which the hub's innovativeness and its commercial capital motivate spokes to partner varies substantially. The key finding of this study is that these variations can be explained by differences in the level of product complementarity. This leads to the conclusion that there is a widely neglected interaction effect between the input- and output-oriented perspectives in explaining the formation of hub-and-spoke partnerships.
Influence of Barn Design on Dairy Cow Hygiene, Lameness and Udder Health

A system of hygiene scoring is described which charts the distribution of manure over three areas of the body; udder, lower legs, and upper leg and flank. The practical relevance of quantifying hygiene is described in relation to the prevalence of mastitis and lameness. Aspects of freestall and tiestall design which impact hygiene and lying times are reviewed and the link between cow comfort and lameness is explored.
MEN DEALING WITH MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE: CONDITIONS AND POSSIBILITIES OF ‘POSITIVE DEVIANCE’

This article explores how sexually abused men can move away from an identity formed by the abuse. Based on Antonovsky's concept of a ‘sense of coherence’, the stories of three men who were sexually abused when young are analysed with an eye to research and therapy. Contrary to the often harm‐oriented descriptions, these men demonstrate how, with or without professional assistance, they story their experiences in ways leading to an identity less determined by the abuse. The knowledge the men share about ways ‘to manage’ points at the importance for the researcher to respect singularity and remember who is the expert. This also applies to the therapist. He should acknowledge his position as ‘not knower’ and not an expert on ‘good stories’.
A new approach to spectral estimation: a tunable high-resolution spectral estimator

Traditional maximum entropy spectral estimation determines a power spectrum from covariance estimates. Here, we present a new approach to spectral estimation, which is based on the use of filter banks as a means of obtaining spectral interpolation data. Such data replaces standard covariance estimates. A computational procedure for obtaining suitable pole-zero (ARMA) models from such data is presented. The choice of the zeros (MA-part) of the model is completely arbitrary. By suitable choices of filter bank poles and spectral zeros, the estimator can be tuned to exhibit high resolution in targeted regions of the spectrum.
Some Tests of the Distinction between Cognitive and Affective Beliefs

Abstract Five experiments tested the distinction between affective and cognitive beliefs. Experiments 1 and 2 employed a traditional factor analytic paradigm to show that affective and cognitive items loaded on separate dimensions and that these separate dimensions had different implications for other variables. Experiment 3 made use of a recall paradigm to show that when people have to make behavioral decisions, they associate affective beliefs to other affective ones, and cognitive beliefs to other cognitive ones. The results indicated that participants' recall protocols were clustered by belief type when they had previously been asked to make a behavioral decision, but not in various control conditions. Finally, Experiments 4–5 demonstrated that such clustering can be obtained with people's self-generated beliefs. Findings are interpreted in terms of a new account of the relationship between affective and cognitive beliefs—the “associative hypothesis. ” Implications of this hypothesis for future research are outlined.
DOING HER OWN TIME? WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO PRISON IN THE CONTEXT OF THE OLD AND THE NEW PENOLOGY*

Assumptions about gender role socialization dominated explanations for gender differences in responses to incarceration. We suspend these gender comparisons, which produced the focus on homosexuality and kinship networks in women's prisons, to determine how women's pre-prison experiences, in the context of two different institutions, influence the way they “do time. ” We analyze in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of 70 female inmates housed in the California Institution for Women (CIW)—the oldest prison for women in the state—and Valley State Prison (VSP)—the newest prison for women. These two institutions differ in structure, size, and management philosophy, and accordingly necessitate the consideration of moderating situational effects. We use qualitative analysis to examine how women do time and to determine whether individual variations in doing time are similar across very different institutions.
Preventing Salmonella infection in pigs with offsite weaning

Summary Purpose: To evaluate a strategy to prevent Salmonella infection in pigs from a herd with an ongoing clinical problem with S. ˚ choleraesuisby weaning pigs offsite. Methods: Fifty-six 10- to 16-day-old pigs were purchased from a herd that had an ongoing problem with S. choleraesuis, and were moved to an offsite facility. On the day the pigs were purchased (day 0), milk and rectal swab samples were collected from sows in the herd of origin. On days 1, 43, 83, and 109 of the study, rectal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected for Salmonella spp. cul- ture and sera were collected for serologic testing for Salmonella antibodies from all offsite pigs. To determine whether there was continuing on-farm transmission of Salmonella spp. , fecal swabs for culture and sera for ELISA testing were collected from 15 age- matched pigs that remained on the farm of origin. These age- matched pigs were moved on day 61 of the study to an outdoor grow-finish lot, where they were raised to slaughter. Environmen- tal samples were collected from the outdoor growing-finishing pen (from bowl waterers and mud holes) for culture. Results: In the offsite pigs, no Salmonella spp. were isolated and there was no serological evidence of Salmonella exposure. On the farm, Salmonella spp. were isolated from rectal swabs from seven of the 15 (46.6%) onsite, age-matched pigs, from 11 (in- cluding one sample from which S. cholerasuis was isolated) of the 24 (45.9%) environmental samples, and from one of 24 (4.2%) rectal swabs from sows. Between days 61 and 99 of the study, mean anti-Salmonella titers for onsite pigs increased, indicating ongoing exposure to Salmonella spp. Implications: Offsite weaning at 10-16 days of age prevented Salmonella spp. infection in grow-finish pigs moved to a clean environment.
Foreign accent detection from spoken Finnish using i-vectors

I-vector based recognition is a well-established technique in state-of-the-art speaker and language recognition but its use in dialect and accent classification has received less attention. We represent an experimental study of i-vector based dialect classification, with a special focus on foreign accent detection from spoken Finnish. Using the CallFriend corpus, we first study how recognition accuracy is affected by the choices of various i-vector system parameters, such as the number of Gaussians, i-vector dimensionality and reduction method. We then apply the same methods on the Finnish national foreign language certificate (FSD) corpus and compare the results to traditional Gaussian mixture model - universal background model (GMM-UBM) recognizer. The results, in terms of equal error rate, indicate that i-vectors outperform GMM-UBM as one expects. We also notice that in foreign accent detection, 7 out of 9 accents were more accurately detected by Gaussian scoring than by cosine scoring. Index Terms: Dialect recognition, foreign accent recognition, i-vector, GMM-UBM, Finnish language
Papillary serous and clear cell carcinoma limited to endometrial curettings in FIGO stage 1a and 1b endometrial adenocarcinoma: treatment implications.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the significance of papillary serous and clear cell carcinoma in Stage 1a and 1b adenocarcinoma of the endometrium where this histological subtype is confined to the endometrial curettings and is absent in the hysterectomy specimen. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three hundred twenty patients with Stage 1a or 1b adenocarcinoma of the endometrium without lymphovascular space invasion or evidence of FIGO Grade 3 histology demonstrated in the hysterectomy specimen were referred to the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver Clinic, between January 1992 and July 1995. These charts were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS On pathology review, eight patients were found to have evidence of papillary serous or clear cell carcinoma confined to the uterine curettings. Five patients also had Grade 1 or 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma without lymphovascular space involvement seen in the hysterectomy specimen. All patients were managed expectantly. None of these 8 have recurred with a median follow-up of 3 years. CONCLUSION A clinical dilemma arises when there is evidence of papillary serous or clear cell carcinoma limited to the endometrial curettings where there is no associated adverse pathological features seen in the hysterectomy specimen. In our series of patients treated expectantly, it appears that a small bulk of aggressive disease seen only in the curettage specimen does not adversely impact disease-free survival.
Rapid-Rate Paired Associative Stimulation over the Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Rapid-rate paired associative stimulation (rPAS) involves repeat pairing of peripheral nerve stimulation and Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses at a 5 Hz frequency. RPAS over primary motor cortex (M1) operates with spike-timing dependent plasticity such that increases in corticospinal excitability occur when the nerve and TMS pulse temporally coincide in cortex. The present study investigates the effects of rPAS over primary somatosensory cortex (SI) which has not been performed to date. In a series of experiments, rPAS was delivered over SI and M1 at varying timing intervals between the nerve and TMS pulse based on the latency of the N20 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) component within each participant (intervals for SI-rPAS: N20, N20-2.5 ms, N20 + 2.5 ms, intervals for M1-rPAS: N20, N20+5 ms). Changes in SI physiology were measured via SEPs (N20, P25, N20-P25) and SEP paired-pulse inhibition, and changes in M1 physiology were measured with motor evoked potentials and short-latency afferent inhibition. Measures were obtained before rPAS and at 5, 25 and 45 minutes following stimulation. Results indicate that paired-pulse inhibition and short-latency afferent inhibition were reduced only when the SI-rPAS nerve-TMS timing interval was set to N20-2.5 ms. SI-rPAS over SI also led to remote effects on motor physiology over a wider range of nerve-TMS intervals (N20-2.5 ms – N20+2.5 ms) during which motor evoked potentials were increased. M1-rPAS increased motor evoked potentials and reduced short-latency afferent inhibition as previously reported. These data provide evidence that, similar to M1, rPAS over SI is spike-timing dependent and is capable of exerting changes in SI and M1 physiology.
Submodular Multi-Label Learning

In this paper we present an algorithm to learn a multi-label classifier which attempts at directly optimising the F-score. The key novelty of our formulation is that we explicitly allow for assortative (submodular) pairwise label interactions, i.e., we can leverage the co-ocurrence of pairs of labels in order to improve the quality of prediction. Prediction in this model consists of minimising a particular submodular set function, what can be accomplished exactly and efficiently via graph-cuts. Learning however is substantially more involved and requires the solution of an intractable combinatorial optimisation problem. We present an approximate algorithm for this problem and prove that it is sound in the sense that it never predicts incorrect labels. We also present a nontrivial test of a sufficient condition for our algorithm to have found an optimal solution. We present experiments on benchmark multi-label datasets, which attest the value of the proposed technique. We also make available source code that enables the reproduction of our experiments.
Exploring the ambiguity: what faculty leaders really think of sustainability in higher education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how a cohort of university faculty leaders in Canadian universities conceptualize sustainable development, sustainable universities, the role universities play in achieving a sustainable future, key issues facing the university, and the barriers to implementing sustainability initiatives on campus.Design/methodology/approach – Research was collected through in‐depth interviews with university faculty leaders from university members of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Interviews included both closed and open‐ended questions and two checklists focused on sustainable development and sustainable universities. Interview transcripts are analyzed through the identification of respondent themes and using N'Vivo software.Findings – The majority of participants demonstrated they had previously given thought to their own understanding of sustainable development, but less had thought about the term sustainable university. The majority of partici.