Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covariant velocity and density perturbations in quasi-Newtonian cosmologies

Recently a covariant approach to cold matter universes in the zero-shear hypersurfaces (or longitudinal) gauge has been developed. This approach reveals the existence of an integrability condition, which does not appear in standard non-covariant treatments. A simple derivation and generalization of the integrability condition is given, based on showing that the quasi-Newtonian models are a sub-class of the linearized "silent" models. The solution of the integrability condition implies a propagation equation for the acceleration. It is shown how the velocity and density perturbations are then obtained via this propagation equation. The density perturbations acquire a small relative-velocity correction on all scales, arising from the fully covariant general relativistic analysis.
Metaperception, Reciprocity, Generosity, and Anxiety: Consumer Ambivalence and Gift Card Use

This research builds on gift-giving theories by accounting for the givers’ ambivalence toward the gift itself, despite the ubiquity of gift card use and even despite recipients’ unambiguous appreciation of the gift card. Results from our multi-method study suggest that while gift cards help alleviate shoppers’ anxieties related to the gift selection process, we find that they violate Western norms related to giftseeking effort, and non-disclosure of price. The giver’s ambivalence toward gift cards is somewhat validated by gift card recipient’s attributions of low effort or low knowledge by the giver.
Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate responses during 1,000 punches and 1,000 kicks in female collegiate karate practitioners.

Although many women engage in karate training (Atkinson, 1983), our understanding of metabolic demands of karate training is mostly confined to men because most karate studies used male subjects (Imamura et al., 1997; Imamura et al., 1999; Pieter et al., 1990; Schmidt and Royer, 1973; Stricevic et al., 1980; Zehr and Sale, 1993), whereas some studies that were found included female subjects (Gardecki et al., 1994; Shaw and Deutsch, 1982; The Scientific Research Group of the Committee on Improving Competitive Ability, Federation of All Japan Karate-Do Organizations, 1997 and 1998). In a previous study using male subjects (Imamura et al., 1997), we reported that heart rate (HR) responses during performing 1,000 punches and 1,000 kicks were moderate. The purpose of this study was to investigate oxygen uptake (V̇O2), HR and blood lactate responses and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during 1,000 punches and 1,000 kicks in female black belt karate practitioners.
TCBH Postgraduate Essay Prize Winner for 2007 ‘Strangers in the Night’: The Falklands Conflict as a Radio War

This article concentrates on the role of radio within and beyond the Falkland Islands. With radio as their primary communication technology, Falkland Islanders were part of a 'sonic community' framed around a complex radio environment. On the eve of the 1982 Argentine invasion, radio was to perform a vital strategic function in terms of alerting Islanders and wider communities (including the UK parliament) to the unfolding events. Using broadcast transcripts, interviews and published materials, this article reconstructs how, and with what consequences, broadcasting and listening conditioned the responses of Islanders to the seventy-four-day occupation, and also details
A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of cognitive remediation for improving cognitive performance, symptoms, and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. METHOD A meta-analysis was conducted of 26 randomized, controlled trials of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia including 1,151 patients. RESULTS Cognitive remediation was associated with significant improvements across all three outcomes, with a medium effect size for cognitive performance (0.41), a slightly lower effect size for psychosocial functioning (0.36), and a small effect size for symptoms (0.28). The effects of cognitive remediation on psychosocial functioning were significantly stronger in studies that provided adjunctive psychiatric rehabilitation than in those that provided cognitive remediation alone. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive remediation produces moderate improvements in cognitive performance and, when combined with psychiatric rehabilitation, also improves functional outcomes.
Market Timing: a decomposition of mutual fund returns

We decompose the conditional expected mutual fund return in ve parts.Two parts, selectivity and expert market timing, can be attributed to manager skill, and three to variation in market exposure that can be achieved by private investors as well.The dynamic model that we use to estimate the relative importance of the components in the decomposition is a generalization of the performance evaluation models by Lockwood and Kadiyala (1988) and Ferson and Schadt (1996). We nd that the restrictions imposed in existing models may lead to di¤erent inferences about manager selectivity and timing skill.The results from our sample of 78 asset allocation mutual funds indicate that several funds exhibit significant expert market timing, but for most funds variation in market exposures does not yield any economically signi cant return.Funds with high turnover and expense ratios are associated with managers with better skills.
The oligosaccharide units of the xyloglucans in the cell walls of bulbs of onion, garlic and their hybrid.

Xyloglucans were isolated from the 24% KOH-soluble fraction of the cell walls of bulbs of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and their hybrid. The polysaccharides yielded single peaks upon gel filtration with average molecular weights of 65,000 for onion, 55,000 for garlic and 82,000 for the hybrid. Compositional analysis of the oligosaccharide units after digestion with an endo-1,4-beta-glucanase from Streptomyces indicated that the polysaccharides were constructed of four kinds of repeating oligosaccharide unit, namely, a decasaccharide (glucose/xylose/galactose/fucose, 4 : 3: 2 : 1), a nonasaccharide (glucose/xylose/galactose/fucose, 4 : 3 : 1 : 1), an octasaccharide (glucose/xylose/galactose, 4 : 3 : 1), and a heptasaccharide (glucose/xylose, 4 : 3). The xyloglucan from the hybrid contained highly fucosylated units that resembled those from onion rather than from garlic. The analysis also revealed that the xyloglucans from Allium species contain highly substituted xylosyl residues with fucosyl-galactosyl residues, suggesting that these monocotyledonous plants resemble dicotyledons in the structural features of their xyloglucans.
Effects of Acute Low Back Pain on Postural Control

Objective To evaluate the changes in static and dynamic postural control after the development of acute low back pain. Methods Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers were divided into three groups; the right back pain group, the left back pain group, and the control group. 0.5 mL of 5% hypertonic saline was injected into L4-5 paraspinal muscle for 5 seconds to cause muscle pain. The movement of the center of gravity (COG) during their static and dynamic postural control was measured with their eyes open and with their eyes closed before and 2 minutes after the injection. Results The COGs for the healthy adults shifted to the right quadrant and the posterior quadrant during their static and dynamic postural control test (p<0.05). The static and dynamic instability index while they had their eyes closed was significantly increased than when they had their eyes open with and without acute back pain. After pain induction, their overall and anterior/posterior instability was increased in both the right back pain group and the left back pain group during the static postural control test (p<0.05). A right deviation and a posterior deviation of the COG still remained, and the posterior deviation was greater in the right back pain group (p<0.05). Conclusion The static instability, particularly the anterior/posterior instability was increased in the presence of acute low back pain, regardless of the visual information and the location of pain.
Competitive State Anxiety and Performance among Malaysian Athletes from the view of Multidimensional Anxiety Theory

The Multidimensional Anxiety theory examines the relationship between anxiety and performance. It is the first theory that explains that both cognitive and somatic components play an important role on performance. Cognitive anxiety is the mental component of anxiety and somatic anxiety refers to a person’s perceived changes in her or his physiological. The theory hypothesizes a powerful negative linear relationship between cognitive state anxiety and performance and a less powerful, inverted U relationship between somatic anxiety and performance. The theory states that the increases of cognitive and somatic anxiety will deteriorate an athlete’s performance. However, previous research had showed inconsistent results. Therefore, this research examines the effect of cognitive and somatic anxiety on performance among Malaysian athletes. The sample consisted of 902 athletes, consisting of national (N=53), state (N=395), district (N=120), university (N=211), and school athletes (N= 123). The sample was drawn from among athletes who competed in three big sport events of Malaysia, MASUM (Universities Sports Competition), MSSM (Schools Sport Competition) and Sukan Olimpik Muda (Young Olympic Athletes Competition). The instrument used for the study comprised of a 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2, consisting of cognitive and somatic component. The result has received support from the Multidimensional Anxiety theory, that the increased level of cognitive and somatic anxiety deteriorated athletes’ performance. Coaches, sport psychologists and counsellors can use this research to reduce the cognitive and somatic anxiety to increase athletes’ performance.
Forward-Looking MD&A Disclosures and the Information Environment

We use computer-intensive techniques to study the informational properties of forward-looking disclosures in the MD&A sections of 10-K filings made with the SEC. We find that firms make more forward-looking MD&A disclosures when their stock prices have lower informational efficiency, i.e., when their stock prices poorly reflect future earnings information. The greater levels of forward-looking MD&A disclosures help improve but are unable to completely mitigate the lower informational efficiency of stock prices for such firms. These findings are stronger for operations-related forward-looking disclosures, disclosures that are made prior to 2000, and disclosures made by loss firms.
Voluntary Corporate Governance Disclosure Practices of Islamic Banks in the Southeast Asian and the Gulf Cooperation Council Regions

This study explores the determinants of voluntary corporate governance disclosure practices of Islamic banks in the Southeast Asian and Gulf Cooperation Council regions. The empirical procedures involve a cross-sectional analysis of the annual reports of 67 Islamic banks from these two regions in 2009. We find that the level of corporate governance disclosures in annual reports is less than 50 percent. The findings from our study also reveal that a combined corporate governance index is positively related to voluntary corporate governance disclosures. Additionally, voluntary corporate governance disclosures are also found to be negatively associated with the level of political and civil repression, and positively associated with Islamic banks located in code law countries. Our results inform the global debate on the need for corporate governance reform by Islamic banks by providing insights on the part played by corporate governance mechanisms in encouraging enhanced disclosure in the annual reports of Islamic banks.
ON FINITE-DIMENSIONAL TERM STRUCTURE MODELS

In this paper we provide the characterization of all finite-dimensional Heath-Jarrow-Morton models that admit arbitrary initial yield curves. It is well known that affine term structure models with time-dependent coef- ficients (such as the Hull-White extension of the Vasicek short rate model) perfectly fit any initial term structure. We find that such affine models are in fact the only finite-factor term structure models with this property. We also show that there is usually an invariant singular set of initial yield curves where the affine term structure model becomes time-homogeneous. We also argue that other than functional dependent volatility structures - such as local state dependent volatility structures - cannot lead to finite-dimensional realizations. Finally, our geometric point of view is illustrated by several examples.
The qualitative research in social science

Science produces a systematization of knowledge and a joint of propositions logically correlated about the behavior determined object that is wished to study. It is a homogenic way of reality construction and it is considered the unique promoter of the truth in the current world. Considering the discussions about this question in the complex and globalized society, it can also be said that the way of thinking that guide the social relations ordering in the contemporanity, are not totally informed by scientific knowing, as a homogenic way of thinking. In the Social science, the study object is essentially qualitative, in other words, is worried with a reality that cannot be quantified, as it works with attitudes, meanings, values, translating the subjectivity of the investigation process. This process begins with a research exploratory phase, in other words, the construction of the research project, with the investigation theme choice, contextualization of the problem, justification, and study object definition, objectives, guiding questions, construction of the conceptual and theo ric mark, appropriate methodology and activities chronogram. The second phase corresponds to the field work, with data production through interviews, observations, documental and bibliographic material raising and straight away, the third phase to the treatment of the material produced in the field through ordering, classification and analysis. This way, the Interdisciplinary magazine, has presented qualitative approach research, considering that the social research, represents the theoric way that point the dynamic of the real in society and study social life applying its principals phenomena, understanding each step of reality is seen as something transitory, that can be transformed by the human action.
Sex, Biological Functions and Social Norms: A Simple Constructivist Theory of Sex

Abstract Feminist theory needs a constructivist account of biological sex for at least two reasons. The first is that as long as female and male are the only two sexes that are taken for granted, being cisgender, heterosexual, and preferably a parent will be the norm, and being intersexed, transgender, bi- or homosexual, infertile or voluntarily childless will be deemed failure. The second is the fact that, usually, sex and gender come together in the way that is expected, i.e. the fact that most females are women and most males are men needs to be explained. This paper provides a constructivist theory of sex, which is that the sex categories depend on norms of reproduction. I argue that, because the sex categories are defined according to the two functions or causal roles in reproduction, and biological function is a teleological concept involving purposes, goals, and values, female and male are normative categories. As there are no norms or values in nature, normative categories are social constructions; hence, female and male are not natural but social categories. Once we understand that biological normativity is social, biological norms of heterosexuality, fertility, and so on are no longer incontestable. In addition, as many gender norms also concern reproduction—socially mediated reproduction—this simple theory of sex explains the common confluence of sex and gender.
Epidemiological characteristics of children born with Down syndrome in western Herzegovina in the period of the last twenty years (1994-2013).

BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) are an everyday casuistry of pediatric clinical medicine. The prevalence of DS is dependent on socio-demographic and cultural conditions of a community. Antenatal screening is not carried out mainly due to religious views, and the prevalence of DS in our region is really considered a "natural phenomenon". The aim of the study was to analyze some epidemiological characteristics of infants with Down syndrome in the western region of Herzegovina in the period between year 1994-2013. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of hospital records of children who were supervised and treated at Children's Hospital through the twenty-year period. RESULTS In this period there were 44,100 liveborn infants. Down syndrome was detected in 78 children (54 male and 24 female). The prevalence is estimated at 1.8/1,000 of live births. Aborted fetuses and stillbirths were not analyzed. 37 (47%) of the parent couples were over 35 years of age. Out of that 65 cytogenetic analysis, a regular type of trisomy 21 was found in 94% of cases, and the translocation in 6%. From major malformations (MM) heart failure was more often present (47%), then the anomaly of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. Ten children (12%) died, most often in the early period of infancy due to complications of the cardiovascular system. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DS throughout these two decades has been uniform in the region of western Herzegovina. Improvement in perinatal care in recent years caused higher survival and a better quality of life for the children with DS and thus their families. DS is less a desirable family tragedy, and increasingly a tolerable family fate.
Using Network Analysis to Understand Brands

In this paper, we model brand associations as associative networks. Although the idea of brand associative networks is weU accepted, rarely are these networks elicited and modeled explicitly. Here, we do so in the context of a branding experiment by using a combination of qualitative (repertory grid) and quantitative (network analysis) techniques. This elicitation and analysis technique was used prior to and after subjects saw an advertisement for one of three types of brand extensions for a popular core brand. Results confirmed the usefulness of network analysis for identifying brand association stmcture and assessing changes in brand associations as a result of brand extension activity. Recently, a new approach to understanding brand equity has been introduced to the literature (Henderson, Iacobucci, and Calder 1998). In their paper, the authors present a conceptual framework to uncover ten branding effects based on brand associations (Keller 1993). In this paper, we put the Henderson, et al. (1998) framework to an empirical test. We then map these 10 branding effects into three branding constmcts: positioning, complementarity, and substitutabiUty. Below, we present a brief review of the consumer associative network approach. We then pursue these conjectures with an empirical test: Consumers were exposed to information about a purported forthcoming brand extension. Consumers made judgments of associative Unks and their perceptions are represented as associative networks. Post-manipulation perceptions are compared to those held prior to the intervention, and we examine the resultant stmctures for brand constmcts.
Inhibition of early and late phase allergic reactions by Euphorbia hirta L.

A 95% ethanol extract from whole aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta (EH A001) showed antihistaminic, antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in various animal models. EH A001 inhibited rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation triggered by compound 48/80. It significantly inhibited dextran‐induced rat paw edema. EH A001 prevented eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil peroxidase activity and reduced the protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a ‘mild’ model of asthma. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood was suppressed. EH A001 attenuated the release of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and augmented interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in ovalbumin‐sensitized mouse splenocytes. The results were compared with the effects of known compounds, ketotifen, cetirizine and cyclophosphamide. These findings demonstrated that Euphorbia hirta possessed significant activity to prevent early and late phase allergic reactions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working in Teams: The Influence of Rhetoric—From Sensemaking to Sadness

At a time when teams are increasingly and routinely being used in Public Administration (PA) organizations, the prevailing wisdom about teams continues to confirm that teams axiomatically bring increases and improvements in effectiveness, productivity and communication. There has been relatively little critical address of whether these benefits actually accrue, nor what the experience of team members actually is. The PA literature, in particular, remains silent on this important issue. This paper shares findings from an exploratory phenomenological study. Members of teams in organizations were interviewed and asked about their experiences of working in teams. In contrast to the current wisdom, not only did team members not report the anticipated improvements and benefits, their stories tended to highlight the negative influence that the rhetoric surrounding teams might have on individuals. This paper shares the responses of team members to that rhetoric, revealing themes of “Teams, Rhetoric and Sensemaking,” a challenge to the notion of “Teams as One Big Happy Family? ” while identifying “Teams as Crucibles of Resignation and Sadness. ” These findings indicate the continuing need for further research into understanding the experience of individuals within various team and organizational structures, especially as they operate in PA organizations.
Suzaku Observations of AWM 7 Cluster of Galaxies: Temperatures, Abundances, and Bulk Motions

We carried out 3 observations of the cluster of galaxies AWM 7, for the central region and 200-east and 200-west offset regions, with Suzaku. Temperature and abundance profiles were measured out to 270 ' 570 h 1 70 kpc, which corresponded to 0.35r180. The temperature of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) slightly decreased from 3.8 keV at the center to 3.4 keV in the 0.35 r180 region, indicating a flatter profile than those in other nearby clusters. The abundance ratio of Si to Fe was almost constant in our observations, while the Mg-to-Fe ratio increased with radius from the cluster center. The O to Fe ratio in the west region showed an increase with radius, while that in the east region was almost flat, though the errors were relatively large. These features suggest that the enrichment process is significantly different between products of type II supernovae (O and Mg) and those by type Ia supernovae (Si and Fe). We also examined the positional shift of the central energy of a He-like Fe-K line, in search of possible rotation of the ICM. The 90% upper limit for the line-of-sight velocity difference was derived to be ∆v . 2000 km s , suggesting that the ellipticity of AWM 7 is rather caused by a recent directional infall of gas along the large-scale filament.