Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology of Hip/Groin Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey

Background: There is limited research regarding the epidemiology of hip/groin injuries in ice hockey, the majority of which is restricted to time-loss injuries only. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of hip/groin injuries in collegiate men’s and women’s ice hockey from 2009-2010 through 2014-2015. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Hip/groin injury data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 seasons were analyzed. Injury rates, rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 seasons, 421 and 114 hip/groin injuries were reported in men’s and women’s ice hockey, respectively, leading to injury rates of 1.03 and 0.78 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), respectively. The hip/groin injury rate was greater in men than in women (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.63). In addition, 55.6% and 71.1% of hip/groin injuries in men’s and women’s ice hockey, respectively, were non–time loss (NTL) injuries (ie, resulted in participation restriction time <24 hours); 7.6% and 0.9%, respectively, were severe (ie, resulted in participation restriction time >3 weeks). The proportion of hip/groin injuries that were NTL injuries was greater in women than in men (IPR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48). Conversely, the proportion of hip/groin injuries that were severe was greater in men than in women (IPR, 8.67; 95% CI, 1.20-62.73). The most common hip/groin injury diagnosis was strain (men, 67.2%; women, 76.3%). Also, 12 (2.9%) and 3 (2.6%) cases of hip impingement were noted in men’s and women’s ice hockey, respectively. Conclusion: Hip/groin injury rates were greater in men’s than in women’s ice hockey. Time loss varied between sexes, with men sustaining more injuries with time loss over 3 weeks. Despite increasing concerns of femoroacetabular impingement in ice hockey players, few cases of hip impingement were reported in this dataset.
Numerical modeling of high velocity impact in sandwich panels with honeycomb core and composite skin including composite progressive damage model

In this paper, a numerical model is developed to simulate the ballistic impact of a projectile on a sandwich panel with honeycomb core and composite skin. To this end, a suitable material model for the aluminum honeycomb core is used taking the strain-rate dependent properties into account. To validate the ballistic impact of the projectile on the honeycomb core, numerical results are compared with the experimental results available in literature and ballistic limit velocities are predicted with good accuracy. Moreover, to achieve composite skin material model, a VUMAT subroutine including damage initiation based on Hashin’s seven failure criteria and damage evolution based on MLT approach modulus degradation is used. To validate the composite material model VUMAT subroutine, the ballistic limit velocities of the projectile impact on the composite laminates are predicted similar to the numerical results presented by other researchers. Next, the numerical model of the sandwich panel ballistic impact at different velocities is compared with the available experimental results in literature, and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich panel is predicted accurately. In addition, the numerical model simulated the sandwich panel damage mechanisms in different stages similar to empirical observations. Also, the composite skin damages are investigated based on different criteria damage contours.
A Comparison of Different Regression Algorithms for Downscaling Monthly Satellite-Based Precipitation over North China

Environmental monitoring of Earth from space has provided invaluable information for understanding land–atmosphere water and energy exchanges. However, the use of satellite-based precipitation observations in hydrologic and environmental applications is often limited by their coarse spatial resolutions. In this study, we propose a downscaling approach based on precipitation–land surface characteristics. Daytime land surface temperature, nighttime land surface temperature, and day–night land surface temperature differences were introduced as variables in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and geolocation (longitude, latitude). Four machine learning regression algorithms, the classification and regression tree (CART), the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), the support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF), were implemented to downscale monthly TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data from 25 km to 1 km over North China for the purpose of comparison of algorithm performance. The downscaled results were validated based on observations from meteorological stations and were also compared to a previous downscaling algorithm. According to the validation results, the RF-based model produced the results with the highest accuracy. It was followed by SVM, CART, and k-NN, but the accuracy of the downscaled results using SVM relied greatly on residual correction. The downscaled results were well correlated with the observations during the year, but the accuracies were relatively lower in July to September. Downscaling errors increase as monthly total precipitation increases, but the RF model was less affected by this proportional effect between errors and observation compared with the other algorithms. The variable importances of the land surface temperature (LST) feature variables were higher than those of NDVI, which indicates the significance of considering the precipitation–land surface temperature relationship when downscaling TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data.
An Aqueous Extract of Ilex paraguariensis Reduces Carrageenan-Induced Edema and Inhibits the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Animal Models of Inflammation

Abstract Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a highly popular herbal beverage in South America due to its high content of caffeine. Its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties are of increasing interest in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders and for weight control. In the present study, we show for the first time both the local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous extract of mate in three classic in vivo models, namely acute and chronic 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced mouse ear edema and acute carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. Caffeine, rutin, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicafeoyl quinic acid, and 4,5-dicafeoyl quinic acid, accompanied by a complex mixture of other simple phenolic acids, were identified in the extract by HPLC-UV analyses. In the acute edema model, mate extract applied topically (1 mg/ear) halved the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced acute edema (50 %) and almost suppressed neutrophil infiltration (93 %), while in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced subchronic inflammation, the edema was significantly reduced by 62 % (1 mg/ear/day × seven doses). The oral administration of the mate extract (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced edema at all time points, an effect which was accompanied by a 43 % and 53 % reduction of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Histological analyses confirmed a reduction of epithelium thickness, dermis with mild inflammation, hair follicles with some secretory cells of sebaceous glands, and hypodermic adipocytes. In conclusion, mate is endowed with in vivo preventative or therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in both local and systemic inflammatory processes.
Impact of a focussed teaching programme on practical prescribing skills among final year medical students.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Medication errors, and particularly prescribing errors, are common in UK hospitals. Junior doctors make the majority of prescribing errors. Deficiencies in prescribing education and training have been closely linked to the high frequency of medication errors. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Focussed prescribing teaching can lead to an improvement in prescribing ability. Prescribing confidence can be significantly improved through education. Education is insufficient alone in eradicating prescribing errors. AIM To assess the impact of prescribing teaching on final year medical students. METHODS Students randomly allocated to two hospitals completed a prescribing assessment. Prescribing teaching was delivered to the intervention group while no additional teaching was provided for the control group. All students then completed a second prescribing assessment. RESULTS Teaching improved the assessment score: mean assessment 2 vs. 1, 70% vs. 62%, P= 0.007; allergy documentation: 98% vs. 74%, P= 0.0001; and confidence. However, 30% of prescriptions continued to include prescribing errors. CONCLUSION Medical students make significant errors in prescribing. Teaching improves ability and confidence but is insufficient alone in eradicating errors.
An Optimization Study of Polyacrylamide-Polyethylenimine-Based Polymer Gel for High Temperature Reservoir Conformance Control

This paper presents optimization formulation of organically crosslinked polymer gel for high temperature reservoir conformance control using response surface methodology (RSM). It is always desirable to approach an optimal polymer gel formulation study with adequate performance information related to viscosity and gelation time to minimize excessive water production. In this paper, the effects of polymer and crosslinker concentrations and their influences on gelation time and viscosity were investigated. Central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimized organically crosslinked polymer gel formulation. Concentrations of two main raw materials, namely, polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyethylenimine (PEI), were varied in a suitable range. This was to obtain the formulation with the desirable two vital responses, which are viscosity and gelation time. It was found that the results fitted the quadratic equation. Statistically, the quadratic model is reliable and adequate perfectly the variability of the responses obtained from the experimental data. In addition, gelation time and gel viscosity may be controlled by adjusting both polymer and crosslinker concentrations. The optimum formulated organically crosslinked polymer gel with significant desirability factor conditions was achieved at 1.5% w/v of PAM and 0.3% v/v of PEI.
Detection of Zymoseptoria tritici SDHI-insensitive field isolates carrying the SdhC-H152R and SdhD-R47W substitutions.

BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are important in the management of Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat. New active ingredients from this group of fungicides have been introduced recently and are widely used. Because the fungicides act at a single enzyme site, resistance development in Z. tritici is classified as medium-to-high risk. RESULTS Isolates from Irish experimental plots in 2015 were tested against the SDHI penthiopyrad during routine monitoring. The median of the population was approximately 2 times less sensitive than the median of the baseline population. Two of the 93 isolates were much less sensitive to penthiopyrad than the least sensitive of the baseline isolates. These isolates were also insensitive to most commercially available SDHIs. Analysis of the succinate dehydrogenase coding genes confirmed the presence of the substitutions SdhC-H152R and SdhD-R47W in the very insensitive isolates. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing that the SdhC-H152R mutation detected in laboratory mutagenesis studies also exists in the field. The function and relevance of this mutation, combined with SdhD-R47W, still needs to be determined. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dengue Outbreak in Key West, Florida, USA, 2009

After 3 dengue cases were acquired in Key West, Florida, we conducted a serosurvey to determine the scope of the outbreak. Thirteen residents showed recent infection (infection rate 5%; 90% CI 2%–8%), demonstrating the reemergence of dengue in Florida. Increased awareness of dengue among health care providers is needed.
Estimation of epipolar geometry from apparent contours: affine and circular motion cases

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the epipolar geometry from apparent contours in two special cases: under weak perspective and for circular motion. An appropriate parametrization of the fundamental matrix is introduced for both cases, as well as suitable cost functions for the estimation of the epipoles. The algorithm used in the affine approximation proven to be robust and accurate under several conditions. The circular motion case turned out to be much more difficult, but for a wide baseline the method introduced here is successful. For small viewing angles the technique is too sensitive to noise to be used in practice. Nevertheless, circular motion with small baseline can be well modeled by an affine camera system, and this approximation should be used in this circumstance.
Optimal Dosing of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Chronic anal fissures are associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Studies have investigated the efficacy of botulinum toxin with variable results; thus, there is currently no consensus on botulinum toxin dose or injection sites. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically analyze trials studying the efficacy of botulinum toxin for treatment of chronic anal fissure to identify an optimum dosage and injection regimen. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2015. STUDY SELECTION: All clinical trials that investigated the efficacy of botulinum toxin for chronic anal fissure were selected according to specific criteria. INTERVENSIONS: The interventions used were various doses of botulinum toxin. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes, dosage, and injection site data were evaluated with weighted pooled results for each dosage and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: There were 1158 patients, with 661 in botulinum toxin treatment arms, from 18 clinical trials included in this review. The outcomes of interest were 3-month healing, incontinence, and recurrence rates. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated a small decrease in healing rate (0.34%; 95% CI, 0–0.68; p = 0.048) with each increase in dosage, a small increase in incontinence rate (1.02 times; 95% CI, 1.0002–1.049; p = 0.048) with each increase in dosage and a small increase in recurrence rate (1.037 times; 95% CI, 1.018–1.057; p = 0.0002) with each increase in dosage. The optimum injection site could not be determined. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by weaknesses in the underlying evidence, such as variable quality, short follow-up, and a limited range of doses represented. CONCLUSIONS: Fissure healing with lower doses of botulinum toxin is as effective as with high doses. Lower doses also reduce the risk of incontinence and recurrence in the long term.
Physical capability in mid-life and survival over 13 years of follow-up: British birth cohort study

Objectives To examine associations between three commonly used objective measures of physical capability assessed at age 53 and a composite score of these measures and all cause mortality; to investigate whether being unable to perform these tests is associated with mortality. Design Cohort study. Setting MRC National Survey of Health and Development in England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants 1355 men and 1411 women with data on physical capability at age 53 who were linked to the National Health Service (NHS) central register for death notification. Main outcome measure All cause mortality between ages 53 (1999) and 66 (2012). Results For each of the three measures of physical capability (grip strength, chair rise speed, and standing balance time) those participants unable to perform the test and those in the lowest performing fifth were found to have higher mortality rates than those in the highest fifth. Adjustment for baseline covariates partially attenuated associations but in fully adjusted models the main associations remained. For example, the fully adjusted hazard ratio of all cause mortality for the lowest compared with the highest fifth of a composite score of physical capability was 3.68 (95% confidence interval 2.03 to 6.68). Those people who could not perform any of the tests had considerably higher rates of death compared with those people able to perform all three tests (8.40, 4.35 to 16.23). When a series of models including different combinations of the measures were compared by using likelihood ratio tests, all three measures of physical capability were found to improve model fit, and a model including all three measures produced the highest estimate of predictive ability (Harrell’s C index 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.77). There was some evidence that standing balance time was more strongly associated with mortality than the other two measures. Conclusions Lower levels of physical capability at age 53 and inability to perform capability tests are associated with higher rates of mortality. Even at this relatively young age these measures identify groups of people who are less likely than others to achieve a long and healthy life.
Trade-Offs between Competition and Defense Specialists among Unicellular Planktonic Organisms: the “Killing the Winner” Hypothesis Revisited

SUMMARY A trade-off between strategies maximizing growth and minimizing losses appears to be a fundamental property of evolving biological entities existing in environments with limited resources. In the special case of unicellular planktonic organisms, the theoretical framework describing the trade-offs between competition and defense specialists is known as the “killing the winner” hypothesis (KtW). KtW describes how the availability of resources and the actions of predators (e.g., heterotrophic flagellates) and parasites (e.g., viruses) determine the composition and biogeochemical impact of such organisms. We extend KtW conceptually by introducing size- or shape-selective grazing of protozoans on prokaryotes into an idealized food web composed of prokaryotes, lytic viruses infecting prokaryotes, and protozoans. This results in a hierarchy analogous to a Russian doll, where KtW principles are at work on a lower level due to selective viral infection and on an upper level due to size- or shape-selective grazing by protozoans. Additionally, we critically discuss predictions and limitations of KtW in light of the recent literature, with particular focus on typically neglected aspects of KtW. Many aspects of KtW have been corroborated by in situ and experimental studies of isolates and natural communities. However, a thorough test of KtW is still hampered by current methodological limitations. In particular, the quantification of nutrient uptake rates of the competing prokaryotic populations and virus population-specific adsorption and decay rates appears to be the most daunting challenge for the years to come.
Cell area minimization by transistor folding

Tall transistors can be folded into shorter ones to reduce the layout area. The authors take two rows of transistors, one for P-type transistors and the other for N-type transistors, and attempt to determine an optimal folding for each transistor to minimize the layout area. They present an O(K/sup 3/L/sup 3/) time transistor folding algorithm to minimize the layout area, where K is the number of implementations of each transistor due to folding, and L is the channel length. <<ETX>>
Simultaneous analysis of free and sulfo-conjugated steroid estrogens in artificial urine solution and agricultural soils by high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and robust analytical method was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol-3-sulphate (E2-3S), and estrone-3-sulphate (E1-3S) in aqueous solutions (calcium chloride and artificial urine solutions) and agricultural soils using high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection. The standards for all four compounds were linear in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 μg mL−1 (n = 6) and 1.0 to 20 μg mL−1 (n = 6), respectively, with correlation coefficients > 0.999. The on-column limits of detection at an injection volume of 50 μL and S/N (signal: noise) ratio of 3 were: 9.0 ng mL−1, 10 ng mL−1, 5.0 ng mL−1, and 7.0 ng mL−1 for E2-3S, E1-3S, E2 and E1, respectively. The limit of detection and quantification in artificial urine solution and CaCl2 solution was 1.0 ng mL−1 for all four compounds. Method detection limits for the compounds in the 3 soils ranged from 2 to 2.4 ng g−1 (E2-3S and E1-3S), and 1.0 to 2.9 ng g−1 (E2 and E1), respectively.
X-ray luminosity function of faint point sources in the Milky Way

We assessed the contribution to the X-ray (above 2 keV) luminosity of the Milky Way by different classes of low-mass binary systems and single stars. We began by using the RXTE Slew Survey of the sky at $|b|>10^\circ$ to construct an X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of nearby X-ray sources in the range $10^{30}~{\rm erg}~{\rm s}^{-1} L x is the luminosity over 2–10 keV), occupied by coronally active binaries (ABs) and cataclysmic variables (CVs). We then extended this XLF down to $L_{\rm x}\sim 10^{27.5}~{\rm erg}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ using the Rosat All-Sky Survey in soft X-rays and available information on the 0.1–10 keV spectra of typical sources. We found that the local cumulative X-ray (2–10 keV) emissivities (per unit stellar mass) of ABs and CVs are $(2.0\pm 0.8)$ $\times$ 10 27 and $(1.1\pm 0.3)$ $\times$ 10 27 erg s -1 $M_\odot^{-1}$, respectively. In addition to ABs and CVs representing old stellar populations, young stars locally emit $(1.5\pm 0.4)$ $\times$ 10 27 erg s$^{-1}~M_\odot^{-1}$. Finally to the XLF of ABs and CVs we attached a high luminosity branch (up to ~10 39 erg s -1 ) composed of neutron-star and black-hole low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), derived in previous work. The combined XLF covers ~12 orders of magnitude in luminosity. The estimated combined contribution of ABs and CVs to the 2–10 keV luminosity of the Milky Way is ~2 $\times$ 10 38 erg s -1 , or ~3% of the integral luminosity of LMXBs averaged over nearby galaxies. The XLF obtained in this work is used elsewhere to assess the contribution of point sources to the Galactic ridge X-ray emission.