Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sister of PIN1 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) defines organ initiation patterns by maintaining epidermal auxin flux

The spatiotemporal localization of the plant hormone auxin acts as a positional cue during early leaf and flower organogenesis. One of the main contributors to auxin localization is the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that PIN1 genes are split into two sister clades; PIN1 and the relatively uncharacterized Sister-Of-PIN1 (SoPIN1). In this paper we identify entire-2 as a loss-of-function SlSoPIN1a (Solyc10g078370) mutant in Solanum lycopersicum. The entire-2 plants are unable to specify proper leaf initiation leading to a frequent switch from the wild type spiral phyllotactic pattern to distichous and decussate patterns. Leaves in entire-2 are large and less complex and the leaflets display spatial deformities in lamina expansion, vascular development, and margin specification. During sympodial growth in entire-2 the specification of organ position and identity is greatly affected resulting in variable branching patterns on the main sympodial and inflorescence axes. To understand how SlSoPIN1a functions in establishing proper auxin maxima we used the auxin signaling reporter DR5::Venus to visualize differences in auxin localization between entire-2 and wild type. DR5::Venus visualization shows a widening of auxin localization which spreads to subepidermal tissue layers during early leaf and flower organogenesis, showing that SoPIN1 functions to focus auxin signaling to the epidermal layer. The striking spatial deformities observed in entire-2 help provide a mechanistic framework for explaining the function of the SoPIN1 clade in angiosperm species. Author Summary The plant hormone auxin acts as a positional signal in most plant developmental processes. The PIN-FORMED family of auxin transporters are the main contributors to auxin localization, especially PIN-FORMED1, which has been studied extensively in plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Members of the PIN-FORMED gene family have been found in all plant species, but there is a scarcity of mutants described outside Arabidopsis thaliana. Using Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) as a system, this study identifies a loss of function mutant from the Sister-Of-PIN1 clade in the SlSoPIN1a gene. The characterization of this mutant reveals the role of SlSoPIN1a in establishing position of organ initiation during shoot and reproductive development, including a role in establishing proper spiral phyllotaxy. We use an auxin visualization technique to conclude SlSoPIN1a functions in specifying auxin presence in proper cell layers to establish organ and tissue positioning. This work gives further evolutionary context to how PIN-FORMED genes act to establish organogenesis in the plant kingdom.
Push factors, risks, and types of visit intentions of international medical travelers – A conceptual model

Abstract Literature available have already discussed in detail about motivations and perceived risks of international medical travelers in terms to their decision making, however, literature largely failed to discuss differences in motivations and the perceived risks of international medical travelers’ based on their countries of origin. Literature in leisure travel has already explained the influence of country of origin on motivation and perceived risk of travelers and their influence on visit intentions. The aim of the research study was to extensively review the literature and find out the differences in motivations and perceived risks among international medical travelers belong to developed regions and less developed regions of the world. The study also aimed to find out that in the context of categorization of intentions in psychology literature what type of intentions international patients may acquire based on the socio-economic conditions of their countries. Findings of rigorous literature review revealed that medical travelers from different regions show differences in their motivations and perceived risks. It is also revealed that due to not restricted to any condition patients from developed regions acquire ‘pure unconditional intentions', whereas influenced by the restrictive condition which they cannot control, patients from less developed regions of the world acquire ‘restrictive conditional intentions’.
Brief report: Barriers to treatment adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE To examine perceived barriers to medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment and their relationship with adherence using a combined forced choice and semi-structured interview assessment approach. METHODS Sixteen adolescents with IBD and their parents participated in an open-ended interview regarding adherence barriers and completed quantitative measures of adherence, barriers to treatment, and disease severity. RESULTS The most commonly identified barriers to adherence were forgetting, interference with other activities, difficulty swallowing pills, and not being at home. Number of reported barriers was positively correlated with objective nonadherence for 6-MP/azathioprine. Nonadherence frequency was 42% for 6-MP/azathoprine and 50% for 5-ASA medications. CONCLUSIONS Using a combined assessment approach, patients and parents reported several barriers to treatment adherence that are appropriate for clinical intervention. This is critical given the significant medication nonadherence observed in this sample and the relationship between total number of barriers and disease management problems.
Microsatellite screening in Paci fi c halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) and a preliminary examination of population structure based on observed DNA variation

4 Introduction . 5 Materials and methods . 7 Sample collection . 7 DNA extraction . 7 Screening of microsatellite loci . 9 Population survey . 11 Selected markers Pantophysin . 11 Results . 12 Size and age structure . 12 Microsatellites . 13 Pantophysin . 17 Discussion . 17 Microsatellite amplifi cation . 17 Microsatellite population differentiation . 18 Pantophysin . 21 Acknowledgements . 21 References . 22 Microsatellite screening in Pacifi c halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and a preliminary examination of population structure based on observed DNA variation Lorenz Hauser, Ingrid Spies, and Timothy Loher
Using the Expectancy-Value Theory of Motivation to Predict Behavioral and Emotional Risk Among High School Students

Abstract. Within the expectancy-value framework, much work has been done linking expectancies and task values to academic outcomes such as performance, persistence, and choice. Research on the associations between student motivation (including efficacy and task values) and behavioral and emotional problems, however, is nascent. The present study examined a structural equation model using efficacy, utility value, attainment value, and cost to predict internalizing risk and hyperactivity–distractibility risk within a sample of 5,126 high school students (76.5% African American) in a high-needs school district. The results indicated that efficacy negatively predicted both domains of risk, attainment value negatively predicted hyperactivity–distractibility risk only, and cost positively predicted both domains of risk. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed, including the relative importance of cost in the prediction of behavioral and emotional risk.
The Happy Boomer: Baby Boomer Life Satisfaction Through Affect and Feeling of Belonging

THE HAPPY BOOMER: BABY BOOMER LIFE SATISFACTION THROUGH AFFECT AND FEELING OF BELONGING BROOKE MASSEY, M.A. Antioch University Seattle The age cohort of 65 years and older is a growing population. It is part of the group referred to as Baby Boomers, the generation born between the years 1946–1964. It will be the largest population to reach late adulthood to date. In the United States alone, the Baby Boomer cohort is expected to reach 70 million by 2030. In response to this growing elderly population much research has been conducted on Baby Boomer quality of life issues. Such research uncovered the phenomenon known as the well-being paradox. The well-being paradox refers to the findings that older adult’s life satisfaction remains stable or can even increase with age despite age-related losses. Utilizing the theories of positive psychology and socioemotional selectivity, the Happy Boomer project offers an explanation for the well-being paradox. Using data from The Gross National Happiness Index Survey (Happiness Alliance, 2011), the Happy Boomer project analyzed associations between the dependent variable of life satisfaction and the independent variables of positive affect, negative affect, and feeling of belonging for 1,268 individuals ages 65 years and older. No previous research has been found that compares the predictive powers of these specific independent variables on the dependent variable, life satisfaction. Through an ordinal multiple regression, results showed that positive affect had the strongest association with levels of life satisfaction, followed by negative affect and feeling of belonging. Gender was not
Effect of Non-Newtonian Behaviour of Blood on Pulsatile Flows in Stenotic Arteries

In this paper, we study the pulsatile flow of blood through stenotic arteries. The inner layer of arterial walls is modeled as a porous medium and human blood is assumed as an incompressible fluid. A numerical algorithm based on the finite element method is developed to simulate the blood flow through both the lumen region and the porous wall. The algorithm is then applied to study the flow behaviour and to investigate the significance of the non-Newtonian effect. Keywords—stenotic artery, finite element, porous arterial wall, non-Newtonian model.
Label-retaining assay enriches tumor-initiating cells in glioblastoma spheres cultivated in serum-free medium

Label-retaining cells, which are characterized by dormancy or slow cycling, may be identified in a number of human normal and cancer tissues, and these cells demonstrate stem cell potential. In glioblastoma, label-retaining assays to enrich glioma stem cells remain to be fully investigated. In the present study, glioblastoma sphere cells cultured in serum-free medium were initially stained with the cell membrane fluorescent marker DiI. The fluorescence intensity during cell proliferation and sphere reformation was observed. At 2 weeks, the DiI-retaining cells were screened by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and compared phenotypically with the DiI-negative cells in terms of in vitro proliferation, clonogenicity and multipotency and for in vivo tumorigenicity, as well as sensitivity to irradiation and temozolomide treatment. It was observed that DiI-retaining cells accounted for a small proportion, <10%, within the glioblastoma spheres and that DiI-retaining cells proliferated significantly more slowly compared with DiI-negative cells (P=0.011, P=0.035 and P=0.023 in the of NCH421k, NCH441 and NCH644 glioblastoma sphere cell lines). Significantly increased clonogenicity (P=0.002, P=0.034 and P=0.016 in the NCH441, NCH644 and NCH421k glioblastoma sphere cell lines) and three-lineage multipotency were observed in DiI-retaining cells in vitro compared with DiI-negative cells. As few as 100 DiI-retaining cells were able to effectively generate tumors in the immunocompromised mouse brain, whereas the same number of DiI-negative cells possessed no such ability, indicating the increased tumorigenicity of DiI-retaining cells compared with DiI-negative cells. Furthermore, DiI-retaining cells demonstrated significant resistance following irradiation (P=0.012, P=0.024 and P=0.036) and temozolomide (P=0.003, P=0.005 and P=0.029) compared with DiI-negative cells in the NCH421k, NCH441 and NCH644 glioblastoma sphere cell lines, respectively. It was concluded that label-retaining cells in glioblastoma spheres manifest clear stem cell features and that the label-retaining assay may be utilized to further enrich glioma stem cells cultured under serum-free conditions for additional study.
Deep Subspace Clustering with Sparsity Prior

Subspace clustering aims to cluster unlabeled samples into multiple groups by implicitly seeking a subspace to fit each group. Most of existing methods are based on a shallow linear model, which may fail in handling data with nonlinear structure. In this paper, we propose a novel subspace clustering method -- deeP subspAce clusteRing with sparsiTY prior (PARTY) -- based on a new deep learning architecture. PARTY explicitly learns to progressively transform input data into nonlinear latent space and to be adaptive to the local and global subspace structure simultaneously. In particular, considering local structure, PARTY learns representation for the input data with minimal reconstruction error. Moreover, PARTY incorporates a prior sparsity information into the hidden representation learning to preserve the sparse reconstruction relation over the whole data set. To the best of our knowledge, PARTY is the first deep learning based subspace clustering method. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our method.
The Shrinking Gains from Global Trade Liberalization in Computable General Equilibrium Models: A Critical Assessment

The latest round of world trade negotiations, launched in Doha in 2001, has come to at least a temporary halt in the aftermath of the 2005 World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Hong Kong. The familiar arguments about the benefits of trade liberalization have been updated and forcefully reiterated: According to the World Bank and other leading analysts, massive computer modeling exercises show that a new trade deal could yield hundreds of billions of dollars in benefits, much of it going to developing countries, and could lift vast numbers of people out of poverty. Yet the arguments and the huge projected benefits appear to be less persuasive this time, as governments around the world have often proved unable or unwilling to make the compromises required for further steps toward trade liberalization. This paper presents a critical review of the mainstream economic models used to project the effects of global trade policies, namely “computable general equilibrium” (CGE) trade models. The results of these models are typically reported as if they were hard, objective facts, providing unambiguous numerical measures of the value of liberalization. Discussion of these results often suggests that the sheer size of the estimates itself makes a powerful case for
Assessment of endodontically treated teeth by using different radiographic methods: an ex vivo comparison between CBCT and other radiographic techniques

Purpose To compare different radiographic methods for assessing endodontically treated teeth. Materials and Methods Root canal treatments were applied in 120 extracted mandibular teeth, which were divided into four groups: (1) ideal root canal treatment (60 teeth), (2) insufficient lateral condensation (20 teeth), (3) root canals filled short of the apex (20 teeth), (4) overfilled root canal treatment (20 teeth). The teeth were imaged using intraoral film, panoramic film, digital intraoral systems (CCD and PSP), CCD obtained with portable X-ray source, digital panoramic, and CBCT images obtained at 0.3 mm3 and 0.2 mm3 voxel size. Images were evaluated separately by three observers, twice. Kappa coefficients were calculated. The percentage of correct readings obtained from each modality was calculated and compared using a t-test (p<0.05). Results The intra-observer kappa for each observer ranged between 0.327 and 0.849. The inter-observer kappa for each observer for both readings ranged between 0.312 and 0.749. For the ideal root canal treatment group, CBCT with 0.2 mm3 voxel images revealed the best results. For insufficient lateral condensation, the best readings were found with periapical film followed by CCD and PSP. The assessment of teeth with root canals filled short of the apex showed the highest percentage of correct readings by CBCT and CCD. For the overfilled canal treatment group, PSP images and conventional periapical film radiographs had the best scores. Conclusion CBCT was found to be successful in the assessment of teeth with ideal root canal treatment and teeth with canals filled short of the apex.
Effect of whole body vibration therapy on circulating serotonin levels in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

Objective(s): Studies have reported that whole body vibration (WBV) played a vital role in bone remodeling. Circulating serotonin is also involved in negative regulating bone mass in rodents and humans. However, both WBV and inhibition of serotonin biosynthesis may suppress receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of WBV therapy on the levels of serum serotonin in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 276.15±37.75 g were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis, and another ten rats underwent sham operation to establish sham control (SHAM) group. After 3 months, ovariectomized rats were divided into three subgroups and then separately treated with WBV, Alendronate (ALN) and normal saline (OVX), SHAM group was given normal saline. After 6 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed. Serum serotonin, RANKL, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength were evaluated. Results: The serum serotonin level was significantly lower in WBV group than OVX and ALN groups (P<0.05 and P<0.001). RANKL levels significantly decreased in WBV and ALN groups compared to OVX group (P<0.001 for both). BMD and biomechanical parameters of femur significantly increased (P<0.05 for both) and bone turnover levels decreased (P<0.001 for both) in WBV group compared to OVX group. Conclusion: These data indicated that WBV enhanced the bone strength and BMD in ovariectomized rats most likely by reducing the levels of circulating serotonin.
Gender and the burden of disease attributable to obesity.

OBJECTIVES We estimated the burden of disease in the United States attributable to obesity by gender, with life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, years of life lost annually, and quality-adjusted life years lost annually as outcome measures. METHODS We obtained burden of disease estimates for adults falling into the following body-mass index categories: normal weight (23 to <25), overweight (25 to <30), and obese (> or = 30). We analyzed the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to obtain health-related quality-of-life scores and the 1990-1992 National Health Interview Survey linked to National Death Index data through the end of 1995 for mortality. RESULTS Overweight men and women lost 270,000 and 1.8 million quality-adjusted life years, respectively, relative to their normal-weight counterparts. Obese men and women lost 1.9 million and 3.4 million quality-adjusted life years, respectively, per year. Much of the burden of disease among overweight and obese women arose from lower health-related quality of life and late life mortality. CONCLUSIONS Relative to men, women suffer a disproportionate burden of disease attributable to overweight and obesity, mostly because of differences in health-related quality of life.
Health of elderly male prisoners: worse than the general population, worse than younger prisoners.

BACKGROUND Assessment of the health of men aged 60 and over in English and Welsh prisons. METHODS 203 men were interviewed from 15 prisons, comprising one-fifth of all sentenced men in this age group in England and Wales. Assessment included semi-structured interviews covering chronic and acute health problems, and recording of major illnesses from the medical notes and prison reception health screen. RESULTS 85% of the elderly prisoners had one or more major illnesses reported in their medical records, and 83% reported at least one chronic illness on interview. The most common illnesses were psychiatric, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory. CONCLUSION The rates of illness in elderly prisoners are higher than those reported in other studies of younger prisoners and surveys of the general population of a similar age. The increasing number of elderly people in prison poses specific health challenges for prison health-care services.
Protection Motivation Theory: Understanding the Determinants of Individual Security Behavior

Individuals are considered the weakest link when it comes to securing a personal computer system. All the technological solutions can be in place, but if individuals do not make appropriate security protection decisions they introduce holes that technological solutions cannot protect. This study investigates what personal characteristics influence differences in individual security behaviors, defined as behaviors to protect against security threats, by adapting Protection Motivation Theory into an information security context. This study developed and validated an instrument to measure individual security behaviors. It then tested the differences in these behaviors using the security research model, which built from Protection Motivation Theory, and consisted of perceived security vulnerability, perceived security threat, security self-efficacy, response efficacy, and protection cost. Participants, representing a sample population of home computer users with ages ranging from 20 to 83, provided 279 valid responses to surveys. The behaviors studied include using anti-virus software, utilizing access controls, backing up data, changing passwords frequently, securing access to personal computers, running software updates, securing wireless networks, using care when storing credit card information, educating others in one’s house about security behaviors, using caution when following links in emails, running spyware software, updating a computer’s operating system, using firewalls, and using pop-up blocking software. Testing the security research model found different characteristics had different impacts depending on the behavior studied. Implications for information security researchers and practitioners are provided, along with ideas for future research.
Who is persuasive?: the role of perceived personality and communication modality in social multimedia

Persuasive communication is part of everyone's daily life. With the emergence of social websites like YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, persuasive communication is now seen online on a daily basis. This paper explores the effect of multi-modality and perceived personality on persuasiveness of social multimedia content. The experiments are performed over a large corpus of movie review clips from Youtube which is presented to online annotators in three different modalities: only text, only audio and video. The annotators evaluated the persuasiveness of each review across different modalities and judged the personality of the speaker. Our detailed analysis confirmed several research hypotheses designed to study the relationships between persuasion, perceived personality and communicative channel, namely modality. Three hypotheses are designed: the first hypothesis studies the effect of communication modality on persuasion, the second hypothesis examines the correlation between persuasion and personality perception and finally the third hypothesis, derived from the first two hypotheses explores how communication modality influence the personality perception.
H-measures and system of Maxwell's

We are interested in the homogenization of energy like quantities in electromagnetism. We prove a general propagation Theorem for H-measures associated to Maxwell's system, in the full space $\Omega =\R^{3}$, without boundary conditions. We shall distinguish between two cases: constant coefficient case, and non coefficient-scalar case. In the two cases we give the behaviour of the H-measures associated to this system.