Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Structure and Individual Political Participation in Five Countries

Seven hypotheses constituting the core of a causal model of individual political participation generate a large number of predictions about strengths of relations among sets of variables related to political participation. The model is tested on data from national surveys of Americans, Britons, West Germans, Italians, and Mexicans, and the model predicts the relative magnitudes of coefficients in the system of regression equations with better than 90% accuracy. Variables locating an individual in social networks, such as involvement in organizations and media use, are the best predictors of participation, and are also the most consistent in their effects crossnationally. Socioeconomic status predicts less well, and demographic variables least well; both sets of variables are important largely as they affect location in social networks.
Fast airborne aerosol size and chemistry measurements above Mexico City and Central Mexico during the MILAGRO campaign

The concentration, size, and composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was measured over Mexico City and central Mexico with a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) onboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft as part of the MILAGRO field campaign. This was the first aircraft deployment of the HR-ToF-AMS. During the campaign the instrument performed very well, and provided 12 s data. The aerosol mass from the AMS correlates strongly with other aerosol measurements on board the aircraft. Organic aerosol (OA) species dominate the NR-PM1 mass. OA correlates strongly with CO and HCN indicating that pollution (mostly secondary OA, SOA) and biomass burning (BB) are the main OA sources. The OA to CO ratio indicates a typical value for aged air of around 80 μg m−3 (STP) ppm−1. This is within the range observed in outflow from the Northeastern US, which could be due to a compensating effect between higher BB but lower biogenic VOC emissions during this study. The O/C atomic ratio for OA is calculated from the HR mass spectra and shows a clear increase with photochemical age, as SOA forms rapidly and quickly overwhelms primary urban OA, consistent with Volkamer et al. (2006) and Kleinman et al. (2008). The stability of the OA/CO while O/C increases with photochemical age implies a net loss of carbon from the OA. BB OA is marked by signals at m/z 60 and 73, and also by a signal enhancement at large m/z indicative of larger molecules or more resistance to fragmentation. The main inorganic components show different spatial patterns and size distributions. Sulfate is regional in nature with clear volcanic and petrochemical/power plant sources, while the urban area is not a major regional source for this species. Nitrate is enhanced significantly in the urban area and immediate outflow, and is strongly correlated with CO indicating a strong urban source. The importance of nitrate decreases with distance from the city likely due to evaporation. BB does not appear to be a strong source of nitrate despite its high emissions of nitrogen oxides, presumably due to low ammonia emissions. NR-chloride often correlates with HCN indicating a fire source, although other sources likely contribute as well. This is the first aircraft study of the regional evolution of aerosol chemistry from a tropical megacity.
Uma análise da produção de histórias coerentes por crianças

A coerencia e o processo responsavel pela formacao do sentido que garante a compreensibilidade de um texto. Investigacoes sobre o tema se caracterizam por: (a) um enfoque puramente linguistico, ficando em aberto questoes relacionadas ao desenvolvimento e aos fatores que o influenciam; e (b) examinar a coerencia estabelecida pelo receptor do texto, sendo raras as investigacoes que abordam a perspectiva do narrador. Em uma abordagem de desenvolvimento, o presente estudo examinou as possibilidades e dificuldades de criancas em estabelecer a coerencia ao produzir um texto. Historias elaboradas por criancas de 6-7 anos foram analisadas em funcao de indicadores especificos agrupados em um sistema de analise que expressa diferentes niveis no estabelecimento da coerencia. Observou-se que o desenvolvimento da coerencia se relaciona a aquisicao da leitura e da escrita. Criticas sao feitas quanto a ausencia de um sistema de analise que contribua para o exame da coerencia textual em criancas.
Interplay among innovativeness, cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence and social capital of work teams

Purpose – The paper seeks to highlight the key value changes in the current economy, which is shifting towards intangible assets such as innovativeness, cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, social capital, and also a shift from individual to team working.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an examination of the relevant literature and divergent thinking.Findings – On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature it is found that the outcome of all factors (internal as well as external) influencing the functioning of a team/group would lead to a “general ability” which can be conceived as composed of three different and interrelated abilities, termed the “cognitive intelligence”, “emotional intelligence” and “social capital” of the team/group. These three abilities could explain a wide range of group behaviors. A conceptual model is developed to explain the innovativeness of work teams in terms of these three group abilities.Research limitations/implications – The gene.
The moderator role of followers’ personality traits in the relations between leadership styles, two types of task performance and work result satisfaction

Authentic leadership is changing our understanding of what makes good leadership. However, few studies have explored how followers’ individual differences and the nature of the task they perform affect its relation to followers’ work outcomes. We examine the moderator role of two core task types (intellective vs. generative) and two personality traits (conscientiousness and emotional stability) in the relationship between two leadership feedback styles (authentic vs. transactional) and task performance or work result satisfaction in a two-wave experiment. The sample consisted of 228 participants enrolled in an organizational psychology course, 34% of whom had work experience. Our results show that over time the effect of an authentic feedback style on task performance became stronger for those participants who previously scored very low on intellective tasks or very high on generative tasks. Furthermore, a significant three-way interaction between these two traits and our leadership feedback styles indicates that the effect of authentic feedback conforms different patterns depending on the followers’ personality traits and the type of task they perform. Moreover, authentic feedback had a stronger effect on participants’ work result satisfaction. Participants with low levels of either conscientiousness or emotional stability displayed higher levels of satisfaction in the authentic feedback condition.
Genetic Algorithms and the Variance of Fitness

This paper presents a method for calculat ing the variance of schema fitness using Walsh t ransforms. The computation is important for underst anding the performance of genet ic algorithms (GAs) because most GAs depend on the sam pling of schema fitness in populat ions of modest size, and the variance of schema fitn ess is a primary source of noise that can prevent proper evaluation of building blocks, th ereby causing convergence to oth er-than-global opt ima. The paper also applies these calculations to th e sizing of GA pop ulations and to the adjust ment of the schema th eorem to account for fitness variance; the exte nsion of the variance computation to nonun iform populations is also considered . Taken toget her these results may be viewed as a step along the road to rigorous convergence proofs for recombin ative genet ic algorithms.
Pluralistic ignorance: historical development and organizational applications

This paper examines the historical development of pluralistic ignorance as a construct and its application to organizational studies. Pluralistic ignorance is a social comparison error where an individual holds an opinion, but mistakenly believes that others hold the opposite opinion. Pluralistic ignorance was first developed as an important social construct in the 1920s by social psychologist Floyd Allport, and has been applied to myriad settings in psychology and sociology, including racial segregation, student perceptions of alcohol use, and classroom behavior. Despite work in pluralistic ignorance for over 75 years, it has only recently been applied to management settings. Management scholars have suggested applications of pluralistic ignorance to decision‐making, business ethics, group dynamics, performance appraisal, and burnout. Other management applications are proposed as a means to guide research in pluralistic ignorance in the future.
Insights on how students perceive the research-teaching nexus: a case study of hospitality management students.

The nexus between teaching and research has long been an important element of most university strategies. The objectives of this research were to measure hospitality management students' attitudes towards the nexus between teaching and research and to identify which mode of this nexus, in terms of the curriculum design, is preferred by most students. Results revealed that students had a positive attitude towards this nexus and that lecturers are capable of organising their time well to give considerable contributions to both teaching and research.
Detection of the irradiated donor in the LMXBs 4U 1636-536 (=V801 Ara) and 4U 1735-444 (=V926 Sco)

Phase-resolved VLT spectroscopy of the bursting low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1636-536/V801 Ara and 4U 1735-444/V926 Sco is presented. Doppler images of the N iiiλ4640 Bowen transition reveal compact spots which we attribute to fluorescent emission from the donor star and enable us to define a new set of spectroscopic ephemerides. We measure Kem= 277 ± 22 and 226 ± 22 km s−1 from the N iii spots in V801 Ara and V926 Sco, respectively, which represent strict lower limits to the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor stars. Our new ephemerides provide confirmation that light-curve maxima in V801 Ara and likely V926 Sco occur at superior conjunction of the donor star and hence photometric modulation is caused by the visibility of the X-ray heated donor. The velocities of He iiλ4686 and the broad Bowen blend are strongly modulated with the orbital period, with phasing supporting emission dominated by the disc bulge. In addition, a reanalysis of burst oscillations in V801 Ara, using our spectroscopic T0, leads to K1= 90–113 km s−1. We also estimate the K-corrections for all possible disc flaring angles and present the first dynamical constraints on the masses of these X-ray bursters. These are K2= 360 ± 74 km s−1, f(M) = 0.76 ± 0.47 M⊙ and q= 0.21–0.34 for V801 Ara and K2= 298 ± 83 km s−1, f(M) = 0.53 ± 0.44 M⊙ and q= 0.05–0.41 for V926 Sco. Disc flaring angles α≥ 12° and q≃ 0.26–0.34 are favoured for V801 Ara whereas the lack of K1 constraint for V926 Sco prevents tight constraints on this system. Although both binaries seem to have intermediate inclinations, the larger equivalent width of the narrow N iii line in V801 Ara at phase 0.5 relative to phase 0 suggests that it has the higher inclination of the two.
Analysis of hearing loss after shunt placement in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

OBJECT Following shunt placement for treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), several patients suffered hearing loss. The authors undertook a study to analyze this outcome. METHODS Sixteen patients in whom NPH was diagnosed were treated by placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Their hearing was assessed pre- and postoperatively by using pure tone audiometry. Two thirds of the ears tested showed a postoperative hearing loss of more than 10 dB. Recovery of the hearing loss occurred 6 to 12 weeks after shunt placement in 75% of the ears examined. CONCLUSIONS Although shunt insertion for treatment of NPH results in a decrease in hearing, most of the loss can be recovered.
Career choice barriers, supports, and coping strategies: College students' experiences.

Abstract This study used qualitative methods to examine the perceived influences on college students' selection and implementation of career choices. Students at two universities participated in a structured interview examining (a) factors that had affected their choice of occupational field, (b) supports and barriers to pursuing their choices, and (c) methods they had used to cope with choice barriers. Across both samples, person factors (e.g., interests) and work-relevant experiences were frequently cited bases for choice selection, although contextual factors (e.g., financial constraints, social supports) were among the most salient barriers and supports to choice implementation. Each sample also reported choice selection and implementation influences and coping strategies that may have been linked to their particular environmental and developmental contexts. Implications of these findings for career theory, research, and practice are considered.
Triglycerides in the Human Kidney Cortex: Relationship with Body Size

Obesity is associated with increased risk for kidney disease and uric acid nephrolithiasis, but the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are incompletely understood. Animal experiments have suggested that renal lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity may play a role, but whether lipid accumulation occurs in humans with increasing body mass index (BMI) is unknown. The association between obesity and abnormal triglyceride accumulation in non-adipose tissues (steatosis) has been described in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle and pancreas, but not in the human kidney. We used a quantitative biochemical assay to quantify triglyceride in normal kidney cortex samples from 54 patients undergoing nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma. In subsets of the study population we evaluated the localization of lipid droplets by Oil Red O staining and measured 16 common ceramide species by mass spectrometry. There was a positive correlation between kidney cortex trigyceride content and BMI (Spearman R = 0.27, P = 0.04). Lipid droplets detectable by optical microscopy had a sporadic distribution but were generally more prevalent in individuals with higher BMI, with predominant localization in proximal tubule cells and to a lesser extent in glomeruli. Total ceramide content was inversely correlated with triglycerides. We postulate that obesity is associated with abnormal triglyceride accumulation (steatosis) in the human kidney. In turn, steatosis and lipotoxicity may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated kidney disease and nephrolithiasis.
Responses to Telomere Erosion in Plants

In striking contrast to animals, plants are able to develop and reproduce in the presence of significant levels of genome damage. This is seen clearly in both the viability of plants carrying knockouts for key recombination and DNA repair genes, which are lethal in vertebrates, and in the impact of telomere dysfunction. Telomerase knockout mice show accelerated ageing and severe developmental phenotypes, with effects on both highly proliferative and on more quiescent tissues, while cell death in Arabidopsis tert mutants is mostly restricted to actively dividing meristematic cells. Through phenotypic and whole-transcriptome RNAseq studies, we present here an analysis of the response of Arabidopsis plants to the continued presence of telomere damage. Comparison of second-generation and seventh-generation tert mutant plants has permitted separation of the effects of the absence of the telomerase enzyme and the ensuing chromosome damage. In addition to identifying a large number of genes affected by telomere damage, many of which are of unknown function, the striking conclusion of this study is the clear difference observed at both cellular and transcriptome levels between the ways in which mammals and plants respond to chronic telomeric damage.
A multidimensional/non-linear teaching and learning model: teaching and learning music in an authentic and holistic context

This article discusses the conceptual framework that leads to the design of a teaching and learning model as part of a recent ethnographic study that considered the effectiveness of current Victorian government secondary school music teaching and learning practices when engaged with technology. The philosophical and theoretical basis for this research relies on three contentions: valued knowledge, authentic learning and multidimensional/non-linear learning. These three contentions, working simultaneously, introduce the notion of a holistic perspective and practice of learning. In this research, such a notion is defined and referred to as the ‘whole-person phenomenon’. This is the foundation for a multidimensional/non-linear teaching and learning model that can be applied in any educational context. This model is extended to the teaching and learning of music and in turn its application leads to a matrix or a multidimensional/non-linear model that encompasses all facets of music practice. This article will explore each of the research contentions, conceptual framework, multidimensional/non-linear teaching and learning model and music education matrix. While this recent research is situated in Victoria, Australia, and specific to music education, it is applicable to any contemporary teaching and learning context.
Hours of Paid Work in Dual-Earner Couples: The United States in Cross-National Perspective

Abstract In this paper we examine the hours of paid work of husbands and wives in 10 industrialized countries, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study. We present results on the average hours of paid work put in jointly by couples, on the proportion working very long weekly hours, and on gender equality in working time within families. The United States ranks at or near the top on most indicators of working time for couples, because of (1) a high proportion of dual-earner couples; (2) long average work weeks, especially among women; and (3) a high proportion of individuals who work very long hours. In terms of gender equality, the United States ranks above average in paid working time among dual-earner couples with no children but fares less well among working parents. Finally, we discuss policies and institutions that may help explain the distinctive United States results, namely the long hours and moderate levels of gender equality, including the regulation of maximum hours, the demand for part-time work, and the public provision of child care.
Anatomic and Clinical Studies of Radicular Symptoms

Anatomic studies using cadavers showed that three factors are responsible for radicular symptoms. The first is congenital or acquired abnormalities of nerves and nerve roots—the intradural segmental arrangement of rootlets, congenital anomalies of the nerve roots, and the furcal nerve. Another factor is changes of bone and soft tissue around nerves and nerve roots—indentation of nerve roots and extremely transverse courses of nerve roots. The third factor Is a correlation of two other factors—spatial relationship of the nervous tissue to osseous and nonosseous elements of the spinal canal and the intervertebral foramen. In the intervertebral foramen, the nerve root is surrounded by a rather thick membranous structure, an epiradicular sheath, which is responsible for a tubular form obtained in nerve root Infiltration. Anatomic abnormalities can be observed In contrast studies, but the defects revealed do not correspond necessarily with neurologic symptoms. In such cases, nerve root Infiltration Is very useful for a functional diagnosis. The analysis of radicular symptoms with nerve root Infiltration showed that radicular pain and/or claudication are caused mainly by single nerve root involvement, irrespective of the findings obtained by contrast studies. Furthermore, therapeutic effect of nerve root infiltration can be expected in any disease and it can be applied as a final trial of conservative treatment.
The ‘post‐post period’ and environmental education research

Described as ‘postexperimental’ and of the ‘post‐post period,’ the current moment in social science research is typified by multivoiced texts, researcher reflexivity, cultural criticism, and experimental works; characteristics in keeping with poststructurally informed understandings of social science research as contingent, evolving and messy. However, many researchers concerned with environmental education continue within positivistic or postpositivistic traditions, relying on understandings of reality as something that is out there to be discovered or approximated. This article explores the methodological considerations of post‐informed research, seeking to contribute to discussions of how environmental education research might better take issues of representation, legitimation, and politics into account.
Relationship between shoot-rooting and root-sprouting abilities and the carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study analysed the differences in nitrogen (N), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and biomass allocation to the roots and shoots of 18 species of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs with different shoot-rooting and resprouting abilities. Root N and NSC concentrations of strict root-sprouters and species resprouting from the base of the stems were also compared. METHODS Soluble sugars (SS), starch and N concentrations were assessed in roots and shoots. The root : shoot ratio of each species was obtained by thorough root excavations. Cross-species analyses were complemented by phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). KEY RESULTS Shoot-rooting species showed a preferential allocation of starch to shoots rather than roots as compared with non-shoot-rooting species. Resprouters displayed greater starch concentrations than non-sprouters in both shoots and roots. Trends were maintained after PICs analyses, but differences became weak when root-sprouters versus non-root-sprouters were compared. Within resprouters, strict root-sprouters showed greater root concentrations and a preferential allocation of starch to the roots than stem-sprouters. No differences were found in the root : shoot ratio of species with different rooting and resprouting abilities. CONCLUSIONS The shoot-rooting ability of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs seems to depend on the preferential allocation of starch and SS to shoots, though alternative C-sources such as current photosynthates may also be involved. In contrast to plants from other mediterranean areas of the world, the resprouting ability of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs is not related to a preferential allocation of N, NSC and biomass to roots.