Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Obesity and Diabetes: A Survey of a Subset of British Male Drivers

Behavior modification necessary to tackle obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires individual awareness of the existing problem. Objectives: This study aimed to assess body weight perception, awareness of the relation between adiposity and T2DM, and the relation between adiposity and weight loss attempts. Methods: Male drivers were recruited randomly from motorway service stations between May and July 2007, completed a questionnaire and had body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body composition. Results: Participants included 266 men, median age 52 years, and BMI 28.25 kg/m2. Obesity prevalence was 46% based on BMI and 73% based on WC. Participants underestimated their WC (94.3 ± 10.2 vs. 102.9 ± 11.41 cm, estimated vs. actual, p < .001). Of participants with normal BMI, 18% thought they were overweight, whereas 26% of overweight thought they were “just right” and 19% of obese recognized their obesity. Based on WC, 30% of participants with normal WC thought they were obese and 9% of obese realized they were obese. Only 25% and 42% of participants recognized that T2DM is associated with large waist and obesity, respectively. A total of 81% of overweight and 62% of obese participants (based on BMI) believed that they were not at increased risk of T2DM. Self-perception of adiposity weakly predicted weight loss attempts (λ = 0.28, p = .008). Conclusion: Male drivers significantly underestimate their adiposity and risk of T2DM. Further public education regarding obesity, its associated health risks, and the benefits of weight loss is needed.
Individual Differences and Construct System Content in Descriptions of Liked and Disliked Co-Workers

Abstract This study examined the construct system content of both liked and disliked coworkers in terms of high and low levels of cognitive differentiation, level in the organization, and upward mobility. Findings revealed a fairly stable impression of “liked” co-workers, who were most often described as persons with integrity who were also considerate and personable. Employees in higher levels of the organization and the more upwardly mobile also included “influence” in their descriptions of liked coworkers with a significantly greater relative frequency than did their lower-level and less mobile counterparts. Impressions of “disliked” co-workers were found to be less tightly organized. Lack of integrity was listed most often in descriptions of disliked co-workers followed by self-centered and insecure. Gender accounted for little difference in the tightly organized descriptions of liked co-workers but had more of an impact on the disliked impressions. Males disliked a lack of integrity more often, and f.
Clinical impact of a pharmacist-led inpatient anticoagulation service: a review of the literature

Background Anticoagulant therapies provide management options for potentially life-threatening thromboembolic conditions. They also carry significant safety risks, requiring careful consideration of medication dose, close monitoring, and follow-up. Inpatients are particularly at risk, considering the widespread use of anticoagulants in hospitals. This has prompted the introduction of safety goals for anticoagulants in Canada and the USA, which recommend increased pharmacist involvement to reduce patient harm. The goal of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacist-led inpatient anticoagulation services compared to usual or physician-managed care. Methods This narrative review includes articles identified through a literature search of PubMed, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases, as well as hand searches of the references of relevant articles. Full publications of pharmacist-managed inpatient anticoagulation services were eligible if they were published in English and assessed clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-six studies were included and further divided into two categories: 1) autonomous pharmacist-managed anticoagulation programs (PMAPs) and 2) pharmacist recommendation. Pharmacist management of heparin and warfarin appears to result in improvements in some surrogate outcomes (international normalized ratio [INR] stability and time in INR goal range), while results for others are mixed (time to therapeutic INR, length of stay, and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] measures). There is also some indication that PMAPs may be associated with reduced patient mortality. When direct thrombin inhibitors are managed by pharmacists, there seems to be a shorter time to therapeutic aPTT and a greater percentage of time in the therapeutic range, as well as a decrease in the frequency of medication errors. Pharmacist recommendation services have generally resulted in a greater time in therapeutic INR range, greater INR stability, decreased length of stay, and reduced major drug interactions, with no significant differences in safety outcomes. Conclusion Pharmacist-led inpatient anticoagulation management seems to result in superior outcomes, as compared to usual or physician-managed care. This conclusion is limited by small, poorly designed studies lacking statistical power, focusing mainly on surrogate outcomes.
Bone marrow in pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease.

BACKGROUND Hodgkin's disease is a malignant process of lymphoreticular system that constitutes 6% of childhood cancers Accurate staging of lymphoma is the basis for rational therapeutic planning and assessment of the presence or absence of marrow involvement is a basic part of the staging evaluation. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of marrow infiltration in paediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease and to ascertain its morphological spectrum in the marrow. METHODS The study included 85 paediatric patients with diagnosed Hodgkin's disease seen at The Children's Hospital/Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2010 to December 2011, referred to haematology department for bone marrow biopsies. RESULTS Ages ranged between two years to fourteen years with an average age of seven years, the male female ratio being 13:1. Mixed cellularity was the commonest histological type present in 66 (78%) cases. The presenting feature common in all cases was superficial lymphadenopathy followed by hepatomegaly in 17 (20%) cases and splenomegaly in 16 (19%). All the marrow aspirates were negative for infiltration. Trephine biopsies revealed marrow infiltration in 9 (10.5%). Five (56%) cases had bilateral while 4 (44%) had unilateral involvement. Pattern of infiltration was diffuse in 8 (89%) and focal in one (11%) trephines. Increased marrow fibrosis was present in eight (89%) cases. Diagnostic Reed Sternberg cells were identified in only one case and the mononuclear variants were present in six cases and atypical cells were present in two cases in these immunohistochemistry for CD15 and CD30 was performed which was positive. Granulomas in one and lymphoid aggregates were present in two trephine biopsies otherwise negative for Hodgkin's infiltration. CONCLUSION Bone marrow infiltration was present in 10.5% cases, immunohistochemistry was used to confirm infiltration in two cases, the pattern of infiltration being diffuse in majority (89%).
Moral emotions and bullying: A cross-national comparison of differences between bullies, victims and outsiders

This study aims to analyse the role of moral emotions and reasoning in relation to children's behaviour in a bullying situation. On the basis of a peer nomination questionnaire [Salmivalli et al., 1996; Sutton and Smith, 1999], children from three different cities (Seville, Florence, and Cosenza) were assigned to one of three different status groups: bullies, victims, or outsiders. Subsequently they were interviewed about their feelings in relation to the task of putting themselves in the role of the bully in a bullying scenario. Specifically, emotions such as guilt and shame, expressed in a sense of moral responsibility, and indifference and pride, expressed in an attitude of moral disengagement, were investigated. Results showed significant differences between bullies, victims, and outsiders, with regard to moral disengagement, at both the affective and cognitive levels. Across the three cities, bullies, as compared to victims and outsiders, showed a higher level of disengagement emotions and motives when they were asked to put themselves in the role of bully. At a more detailed level, analyses of specific mechanisms of moral disengagement revealed that bullies possessed a main profile of egocentric reasoning. Besides the differences between bullies and victims, cross-cultural differences were also present. Compared to children from Seville, children from the south of Italy (Cosenza) attributed higher disengagement to the bullies. Findings are discussed in relation to specific cultural characteristics of this area.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO NEOSPORA CANINUM, SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA, AND TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN WILD HORSES FROM CENTRAL WYOMING

Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum, N. hughesi, and Toxoplasma gondii are 4 related coccidians considered to be associated with encephalomyelitis in horses. The source of infection for N. hughesi is unknown, whereas opossums, dogs, and cats are the definitive hosts for S. neurona, N. caninum, and T. gondii, respectively. Seroprevalence of these coccidians in 276 wild horses from central Wyoming outside the known range of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were found only in 1 of 276 horses tested with the modified agglutination test using 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500 dilutions. Antibodies to N. caninum were found in 86 (31.1%) of the 276 horses tested with the Neospora agglutination test—the titers were 1:25 in 38 horses, 1:50 in 15, 1:100 in 9, 1:200 in 8, 1:400 in 4, 1:800 in 2, 1:1,600 in 2, 1:3,200 in 2, and 1:12,800 in 1. Antibodies to S. neurona were assessed with the serum immunoblot; of 276 horses tested, 18 had antibodies considered specific for S. neurona. Antibodies to S. neurona also were assessed with the S. neurona direct agglutination test (SAT). Thirty-nine of 265 horses tested had SAT antibodies—in titers of 1:50 in 26 horses and 1:100 in 13. The presence of S. neurona antibodies in horses in central Wyoming suggests that either there is cross-reactivity between S. neurona and some other infection or a definitive host other than opossum is the source of infection. In a retrospective study, S. neurona antibodies were not found by immunoblot in the sera of 243 horses from western Canada outside the range of D. virginiana.
Some notes on phonological phrasing in Brazilian Portuguese

In this paper, we argue that phonological phrasing in Brazilian Portuguese is determined by the interaction of right-alignment of syntactic and phonological phrases (Selkirk 1986) and a eurythmic factor of Uniformity (Ghini 1993), which prefers p-phrases of equal prosodic length. The Uniformity requirement shows some unexpected properties. It is not tied to a preferred length of p-phrases, and it appears to be restricted to p-phrases overlapping with the subject and the verb of the clause.
Factors Related to Complicated Grief among Bereaved Individuals after the Wenchuan Earthquake in China

Background:The Wenchuan earthquake in China caused shock and grief worldwide. Sudden bereavement caused by the earthquake led to physical disorders as well as psychological disturbances in the bereaved individuals. The bereaved had a high risk for complicated grief (CG), which may have led to significant distress and impairment in their health. However, there was few available studies on CG among disaster-bereaved individuals in China after the disaster. The aim of this study was to identify factors (demographic characteristics and disaster-related variables) associated with symptoms of CG among the bereaved 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods:This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design and a convenience sample of 271 bereaved individuals from three of the hardest hit areas. Data were collected by questionnaires and the instruments used in the study were: General questionnaire and Inventory of CG (ICG). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with symptoms of CG. Results:The mean score on ICG was 52.77 (standard deviation: 10.00). Being female and loss of a child were related to higher level of CG while having another child after the disaster and receiving psychological counseling experience were associated with lower level of CG. Forty-nine percent of the variance of CG was explained by these identified factors. Conclusions:Eighteen months after the Wenchuan earthquake, the symptoms of CG among the bereaved were higher than the previous studies with bereaved individuals. This study uncovers a vulnerable population of the bereaved at high risk for CG. Early assessments, targeted interventions, and policy support tailored for the disaster-bereaved individuals are necessary to identify and alleviate symptoms of CG and to improve their well-being.
The Contact Hypothesis Reconsidered: Effects of the Atypical Outgroup Member on the Outgroup Stereotype

The contact hypothesis assumes that contact with pleasant outgroup members will help to change negative stereotypes of that outgroup. However, this assumption is doubtful, because it is claimed by various psychologists that an individual who is different from' the prototype will be rejected from the category and placed into a subcategory, without any effect on the group stereotype. This article tackles the issue from three main directions. First, it shows that the atypical group member is linked to the group stereotype and thus bound to affect it. Second, it suggests that an atypical group member may not change the central tendency of the group stereotype, but is likely to change the variability within the group stereotype and the probability of applying the stereotype to an individual group member. Third, it stresses that people who represent their group in a contact situation have a strong interdependence with their group, a factor that has hitherto been ignored by studies in this field.
The Relationship between Student Behaviour Patterns and Teacher Burnout

A wide range of factors have been proposed as antecedents of burnout in teachers, including student behaviour in the classroom. Several studies have shown associations between student misbehaviour and teacher burnout. However, researchers have rarely incorporated a direct measure of teachers' perceptions of student behaviour in their own classroom. The main aims of the present study of 100 British primary school teachers were: (a) to explore the properties of a measure of student behaviour in the classroom (the Pupil Behaviour Patterns scale PBP; Friedman, 1995) and (b) to test the prediction of burnout dimensions from dimensions of student behaviour assessed by the PBP. An exploratory factor analysis confirmed the PBP domains of disrespectful behaviour, sociability and attentiveness. Furthermore, reliability analyses supported the internal consistency of the scales. Regression analysis of teacher burnout showed differential prediction by PBP sub-domains: disrespect predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization burnout, and lack of sociability predicted depersonalization and personal accomplishment burnout. Methodological problems are discussed along with suggestions for future theoretical and empirical development. In particular, we focus on the potential role of psychological variables such as teacher self-efficacy and coping strategies in explaining how teacher well-being is affected by student behaviour in the classroom.
Altered viscoelastic properties of stroke-affected muscles estimated using ultrasound shear waves — Preliminary data

As a result of a brain injury such as stroke, the skeletal muscles may undergo numerous structural and functional alterations. These abnormal changes are linked to muscle weakness, joint contracture, and abnormal muscle tone and eventually, result in motor impairment. A subset of these alterations affects passive muscle stiffness, i.e., viscoelastic properties. However, in vivo estimation of changes in viscoelastic properties is a challenging task. Here, we used the shear wave velocity, estimated through ultrasound SuperSonic imaging (SSI), as a surrogate for viscoelastic properties. We estimated shear wave group and phase velocities (dispersion), and thus, quantified both elasticity and viscosity of the muscle tissue, respectively in muscles of hemiplegic stroke survivors. In these individuals, we found significantly higher group and phase velocities in the stroke-affected muscles (p<; 05) compared to those of the contralateral non-affected side. We hypothesize that in addition to changes in neural and contractile properties, there are also, changes in elastic and tissue dispersive properties through local mechanisms. An enhanced understanding of post-stroke changes in skeletal muscles will lead to better and targeted interventions for rehabilitation.
Impact of Diurnal Variation in Vegetation Water Content on Radar Backscatter From Maize During Water Stress

Microwave backscatter from vegetated surfaces is influenced by vegetation structure and vegetation water content (VWC), which varies with meteorological conditions and moisture in the root zone. Radar backscatter observations are used for many vegetation and soil moisture monitoring applications under the assumption that VWC is constant on short timescales. This research aims to understand how backscatter over agricultural canopies changes in response to diurnal differences in VWC due to water stress. A standard water-cloud model and a two-layer water-cloud model for maize were used to simulate the influence of the observed variations in bulk/leaf/stalk VWC and soil moisture on the various contributions to total backscatter at a range of frequencies, polarizations, and incidence angles. The bulk VWC and leaf VWC were found to change up to 30% and 40%, respectively, on a diurnal basis during water stress and may have a significant effect on radar backscatter. Total backscatter time series are presented to illustrate the simulated diurnal difference in backscatter for different radar frequencies, polarizations, and incidence angles. Results show that backscatter is very sensitive to variations in VWC during water stress, particularly at large incidence angles and higher frequencies. The diurnal variation in total backscatter was dominated by variations in leaf water content, with simulated diurnal differences of up to 4 dB in X- through Ku-bands (8.6-35 GHz) . This study highlights a potential source of error in current vegetation and soil monitoring applications and provides insights into the potential use for radar to detect variations in VWC due to water stress.
Undergraduate level, age, volume and pattern of work as predictors of career decision status

The impact of undergraduate level, age, volume and pattern of work experience on career decision status was investigated. A sample of 804 first year students and 353 third year students completed measures of career decision status and work experience including amount and pattern of work experience (i.e., full-time, part-time or casual), number of different employers, and number of different jobs. Comparing the effects of age and undergraduate level we determined that age was a better predictor of career decision status, although students across the two undergraduate levels identified different reasons underlying their status. Volume of work rather than pattern of work determined variability in scores on the career measures. Breadth of work experience measured by number of jobs and employers did not influence career decision status. Implications for future research and vocational counselling are discussed.
Oxidation of an indicator amino acid by young pigs receiving diets with varying levels of lysine or threonine, and an assessment of amino acid requirements

1. The catabolism of [14C]phenylalanine was used to indicate the effects of varying the dietary level of lysine and threonine on the retention of dietary amino acids by 2-week-old pigs receiving diets containing skim milk and a mixture of free amino acids. 2. Reducing the dietary level of lysine from 16 to 12 g/kg had no influence on phenylalanine oxidation, reducing the lysine level from 12 to 11 then to 10 g/kg caused an almost linear increase in phenylalanine oxidation whereas further reduction to 9 or 8 g/kg resulted in a less-marked increase in phenylalanine oxidation. This showed that 12 g lysine/kg was required to maximize amino acid retention and indicated that lysine was conserved more effectively at low dietary concentrations than at dietary concentrations approaching the requirement. 3. Reducing the dietary level of threonine from 8 to 6 g/kg had no influence on phenylalanine oxidation, whereas further reduction to 4 g/kg caused a linear increase in phenylalanine catabolism showing that 6 g threonine/kg was required to maximize amino acid retention. 4. Reduction of the levels of lysine, threonine and methionine from the generous levels characteristic of a diet containing 240 g protein from skim milk/kg, to the requirement levels determined separately in the presence of the generous levels of all the other amino acids, resulted in a twofold increase in phenylalanine catabolism. This shows that the pig seems able to conserve limiting intakes of a single amino acid, but not if the intakes of two or three amino acids are limiting.
SH2D1A expression in Burkitt lymphoma cells is restricted to EBV positive group I lines and is downregulated in parallel with immunoblastic transformation

The SH2 domain containing SH2D1A protein has been characterized in relation to the X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), a primary immunodeficiency that leads to serious clinical conditions after Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. The SH2D1A gene is mutated in the majority of XLP patients. We previously detected SH2D1A in activated T and NK cells, but not in B lymphocytes. We have found SH2D1A protein in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines, but only in those that carried EBV and had a Group I (germinal center) phenotype. All the EBV‐carrying Group III (immunoblastic) and the EBV‐negative BL lines tested were SH2D1A‐negative. Motivated by these differences, we studied the impact of EBV and the cellular phenotype on SH2D1A expression. We approached the former question with BL sublines after both the loss of the virus and subsequent reinfection. We also tested original EBV‐negative BL lines carrying transfected EBV genes, such as EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA6, EBER1, 2 and LMP1, respectively. In our experiments, no direct relationship could be seen between EBV and SH2D1A expression. We modified the phenotype of the Group I BL cells by LMP1 transfection or CD40 ligation. The phenotypic changes, indicated by expression of immunoblastic markers, e.g., SLAM, were accompanied by downregulation of SH2D1A. It seems, therefore, that the presence of EBV and the phenotype of the cell together regulate SH2D1A expression in the BL cells. It is possible that SH2D1A is expressed in a narrow window of B cell development represented by germinal center cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.