Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low statistical power in biomedical science: a review of three human research domains

Studies with low statistical power increase the likelihood that a statistically significant finding represents a false positive result. We conducted a review of meta-analyses of studies investigating the association of biological, environmental or cognitive parameters with neurological, psychiatric and somatic diseases, excluding treatment studies, in order to estimate the average statistical power across these domains. Taking the effect size indicated by a meta-analysis as the best estimate of the likely true effect size, and assuming a threshold for declaring statistical significance of 5%, we found that approximately 50% of studies have statistical power in the 0–10% or 11–20% range, well below the minimum of 80% that is often considered conventional. Studies with low statistical power appear to be common in the biomedical sciences, at least in the specific subject areas captured by our search strategy. However, we also observe evidence that this depends in part on research methodology, with candidate gene studies showing very low average power and studies using cognitive/behavioural measures showing high average power. This warrants further investigation.
Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections among children in Zahedan, Iran.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of idiopathic urinary tract infection (UTI) and hypercalciuria in Iranian children. METHODS Seventy children with episodes of UTI, and 70 healthy controls were studied. Random urine calcium-creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) and plasma calcium were measured. RESULTS Hypercalciuria was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in UTI patients (30%) than normal subjects (11.4%). The results showed that frequency of hypercalciuria is higher in females (42.9%) than males (17.1%). CONCLUSION The investigation of urinary calcium excretion in children with recurrent UTI is recommended.
The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini's Italy

interviews and a brief interpretive chapter. The interviews, conducted mostly in May 1917, range in length from four to thirty-five pages, by N. S. Chkheidze and M. I. Skobolev, respectively, both leading Mensheviks. Most of the ten were prominent members of the State Duma, of the Provisional Government, or of the Petrograd Soviet, including A. F. Kerenskii. Politically, they ranged from Octobrists to Mensheviks, and socially from middle class to fabulously wealthy (M. I. Tereshchenko). Professionally, there were officers, lawyers, and an engineer. Lyandres provides detailed biographical and contextual information for each interviewee, as well as meticulous documentation and an impeccable scholarly apparatus. He has worked in numerous archives in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as in three other countries. A chronology of the main events mentioned in the interviews and three highly relevant maps facilitate reader comprehension. Fourteen photographs embellish the work. The interviews furnish a wealth of detail about street demonstrations and popular disorders, elite political organization and the abdication of the tsar, the emergence of the dual power, clashes between leftists and centrists, and many other aspects of the revolution. Testimony by several interviewees, including M. V. Rodzianko, show that the tsar was far less reticent about ending the monarchical order than hitherto believed. Thus, Rodzianko lamented that, “given the tsar’s obstinacy, I could not envision the salvation of Russia without a coup” (106). The testimony of Tereshchenko seems to indicate that plans for a palace coup orchestrated by A. I. Guchkov were more advanced and elaborate—including involvement by the well-connected and energetic military officer D. V. Kossikovskii—than previously imagined. However, Lyandres tries to elicit from the documents more evidence for such interpretations than warranted. For example, he claims that Tereshchenko “revealed in his interview, that [P. N. ] Miliukov was . well aware of the Guchkov plot through his participation in a series of prerevolutionary meetings of leading opposition figures in Moscow and Petrograd” (284). In reality. Tereshchenko’s interview does not support that claim. The volume, which scholars will eagerly welcome, should also prove of interest to a wider reading public. We owe a debt of gratitude to Semion Lyandres for his persistence and his admirable presentation of these important testimonies of the revolution.
The emergence of symmetries and asymmetries in performance appraisal interviews: An interactional perspective

Performance appraisal interviews (PAI) are in a Scandinavian context supposed to be dialogues between equal partners. This implies a focus on the superior and subordinate as conducting a conversation more than an interview, and a focus on development instead of performance. The article seeks to investigate how these ideals are lived up to in the practice of conducting a PAI. On the basis of a corpus of 30 hours of videotaped PAIs and applying a conversation analytical approach, the study shows that interactional symmetries and asymmetries can arise as a consequence of interactional practices that are dynamically negotiated between and agreed upon by the co-participants on a turn-by-turn basis. These symmetries and asymmetries emerge due to the participants’ orientations to institutional and social norms that can intertwine and overlap, thus impeding, postponing or supporting the ideals of PAIs as being dialogues between equal partners.
MUFASA: Galaxy star formation, gas, and metal properties across cosmic time

We examine galaxy star formation rates (SFRs), metallicities and gas contents predicted by the Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, which employ meshless hydrodynamics and novel feedback prescriptions that yield a good match to observed galaxy stellar mass assembly. We combine 50, 25 and 12.5 h^(−1) Mpc boxes with a quarter billion particles each to show that Mufasa broadly reproduces a wide range of relevant observations, including SFR and specific SFR functions, the mass–metallicity relation, H i and H2 fractions, H i (21 cm) and CO luminosity functions, and cosmic gas density evolution. There are mild but significant discrepancies, such as perhaps too many high-SFR galaxies, overly metal-rich and H i-poor galaxies at M^* ≳ 2 × 10^(10) M_⊙, and specific star formation rates that are too low at z ∼ 1–2. The H i mass function increases by ×2 out to z ∼ 1, then steepens to higher redshifts, while the CO luminosity function computed using the Narayanan et al. conversion factor shows a rapid increase of CO-bright galaxies out to z ∼ 2 in accord with data. Ω_(HI) and ΩH2 both scale roughly as ∝(1 + z)^(0.7) out to z ∼ 3, comparable to the rise in H i and H2 fractions. Mufasa galaxies with high SFR at a given M* have lower metallicities and higher H i and H2 fractions, following observed trends; we make quantitative predictions for how the fluctuations in the baryon cycle drive correlated scatter around galaxy scaling relations. Most of these trends are well converged with numerical resolution. These successes highlight Mufasa as a viable platform to study many facets of cosmological galaxy evolution.
Older Offenders and Homicide: What Can We Learn From the Chicago Homicide Dataset?

Older offenders are the fastest growing group in the U.S. prison system, although little is known about older offenders who commit homicides, their v ictims, or the details of the crime. The current study inv estigated cov ariates associated with four categories of homicide: intimate, family, acquaintance, and unrelated v ictims. Using the Chicago Homicide Dataset, a subsample was created of offenders 50 years and older (n = 972). In a multinomial multiv ariate regression, where unrelated homicides were defined as the base outcome, it was rev ealed in intimate and family comparisons that women were at a significantly higher risk of v ictimization. Crimes that occurred in residences were significantly associated with all three homicides groups compared with unrelated homicides. The use of alcohol was significant in crimes where an acquaintance was the v ictim. The results suggest that earlier identification of at-risk older adults and more social support in the community could be integral in the prev ention of v iolent crimes.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISSEMINATION OF TUMOR CELLS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF METASTASES.

Summary The dissemination of tumor cells in blood and organs was determined at intervals after the vascular invasion of transplanted tumors and the intravenous inoculation of tumor cell suspensions. Determinations were based on the incidence of tumor growth in fragments of various organs transplanted to normal animals. It was found that distinct patterns of tumor cell distribution differentiated the tumors studied into two groups. In one group, the distribution was limited to organs that subsequently became the site of metastases, whereas the other was characterized by a widespread organic distribution of cells, occurring without relationship to the eventual location of metastases. These findings were related to other known characteristics of the tumors in an attempt to determine the nature of organ retention.
When normative commitment leads to lower well-being and reduced performance

Normative commitment, or employees’ loyalty to their organization based on a sense of obligation, has received less attention than affective and continuance commitment. Building on recent work suggesting that normative commitment’s meaning is influenced by the within-person context provided by the other components of commitment, we theorized that normative commitment would be experienced as externally driven, hence detrimental to well-being and performance, when few alternatives commitment, a sub-component of continuance commitment, is high. Based on two independent samples (Ns = 366 and 100), Study 1 found normative commitment to be more positively related to emotional exhaustion and psychological distress at high levels of few alternatives commitment. Study 2 (N = 187) found normative commitment to be less positively related to job performance when few alternatives commitment was high. Implications of these findings for our understanding of normative commitment’s workings are highlighted.
A STUDY OF PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF HYSTERECTOMY

SUMMARY Thirty women patients who were hysterectomized for non-malignant pathologies were compared with thirty comparable patients who underwent other gynaecological operations. Each patient was subjected to semistructured psychiatric interview, standardised Hindi version of G.H. Q. , Hindi version of PEN, I.P.I.S. and BDRI. The diagnosis was made according to I.C. D. - 9. It was observed that patients undergoing hysterectomy do suffer significantly higher psychiatric morbidity (60%), had higher G.H. Q. and BDRI scores at the time of discharge from hospital.
[Validation of a Chinese version of the child perception questionnaire].

OBJECTIVE To translate the original English version of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) into Chinese version and to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version in order to use among the Chinese children. METHODS The original English version of CPQ(11-14) was translated into Chinese, and pre-tested and cross-cultural adapted. Subsequently, the Chinese version with a general questionnaire was administered to 218 children aged from 11 to 14, clinical data on caries status and malocclusion were collected through oral health examination. RESULTS Test-retest reliability was substantial (r=0.82, P<0.001). Cronbach's alpha of the translated scale was 0.79. The 16 items were divided into five domains by factor analysis. There was certain logical relation between the items in the same domains. There was highly significant association between perceived oral health status, perceived impact to quality of life by oral health and CPQ(11-14) score (P<0.0005). Significant relationships were identified between caries status and CPQ(11-14) scores (P<0.001), and between malocclusion and CPQ(11-14) scores in middle-school-group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The translated Chinese version of CPQ(11-14) demonstrated good reliability and validity. Its good psychometric properties provide the theoretical evidence for further use in Chinese population. It is available for use by researchers in oral health related quality of life studies in Chinese children.
Motion Refinement Based Progressive Side-Information Estimation for Wyner-Ziv Video Coding

During the past ten years, Wyner-Ziv video coding (WZVC) has gained a lot of research interests because of its unique characteristics of "simple encoding, complex de coding. " However, the performance gap between WZVC and conventional video coding has never been closed to the point promised by the information theory. In this paper, we illustrate the chicken-and-egg dilemma encountered in WZVC: high efficiency WZVC requires good estimation of side information (SI); however, good SI estimation is not possible for the decoder without access to the decoded current frame. To resolve such a dilemma, we present and advocate a framework that explores an important concept of decoder-side progressive-learning. More specifically, a decoder-side multi-resolution motion refinement (MRMR) scheme is proposed, where the decoder is able to learn from the already-decoded lower-resolution data to refine the motion estimation (ME), which in turn greatly improves the SI quality as well as the coding efficiency for the higher resolution data. Theoretical analysis shows that at high rates, decoder-side MRMR outperforms motion extrapolation by as much as 5 dB, while falling behind conventional encoder-side inter-frame ME by only about 1.5 dB. In addition, since decoder-side ME does not suffer from the bit-rate overhead in transmitting the motion information, further performance gain can be achieved for decoder-side MRMR by incorporating fractional-pel motion search, block matching with smaller block sizes, and multiple hypothesis prediction. We also present a practical WZVC implementation with MRMR, which shows comparable coding performance as H.264 at very high bit rates.
Lexicon-Based Local Representation for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification

SUMMARY A text-dependent i-vector extraction scheme and a lexicon-based binary vector (L-vector) representation are proposed to improve the performance of text-dependent speaker veriﬁcation. I-vector and L-vector are used to represent the utterances for enrollment and test. An improved cosine distance kernel is constructed by combining i-vector and L-vector together and is used to distinguish both speaker identity and lexical (or text) diversity with back-end support vector machine (SVM). Experiments are conducted on RSR 2015 Corpus part 1 and part 2, the results indicate that at most 30% improvement can be obtained compared with traditional i-vector baseline.
An examination of personality characteristics associated with BDSM orientations

Previous research on BDSM (bondage-discipline, domination-submission, sadomasochism) tends to treat practitioners as a homogenous group and lumps dominants (desire to take control) and submissives (desire to be controlled) together. Research suggests that personality traits, such as extraversion, relate to a variety of sexual attitudes and behaviours. To date, the research on personality and BDSM is scant and often does not distinguish BDSM preferences. The current study compared BDSM practitioners with self-identified preferences for dominance to those preferring submission on their self-reported levels of desire for control, empathy, honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, altruism, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. BDSM practitioners (n = 270; 80 dominants and 190 submissives) completed an online questionnaire package. Dominants scored significantly higher than submissives on desire for control, extraversion, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Submissives scored significantly higher than dominants on emotionality. Dominants and submissives did not differ on empathy, honesty-humility, conscientiousness, openness to experience, altruism, or agreeableness. These findings demonstrate that there are unique features that characterize BDSM practitioners who prefer the dominant and submissive orientations.
The relationship between El Niño and the western North Pacific summer climate in a coupled GCM: Role of the transition of El Niño decaying phases

[1] This study investigates the impacts of the transition of El Nino decaying phases on the western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) anomalies in the subsequent summer with a coupled GCM. The modeling results suggest that the El Ninos with short decaying phases lead to significant WNPAC anomalies in the following summer, which are contributed to mainly by the El Ninos followed by La Ninas, in comparison with those not followed by La Ninas. In contrast, the long decaying cases are associated with the disappearance of WNPAC anomalies in the summer. These differences in the WNP circulation anomalies can be explained by the different configurations of simultaneous SSTs in the Indian Ocean and in the central and eastern tropical Pacific: positive SSTs in the former region and negative ones in the latter region constructively induce significant WNPAC anomalies for the short decaying cases, while the roles of positive SSTs in both regions for the long decaying cases work destructively and lead to weak WNP circulation anomalies. Further analysis indicates that the different lengths of El Nino decaying phases are predicted by the strength of Indian Ocean SSTs in the mature winter. The warmer wintertime Indian Ocean SSTs favor the anomalous easterly wind over the western and central equatorial Pacific in the subsequent summer, leading to a short decaying of El Nino. Thus, the strength of wintertime Indian Ocean SSTs is one of the important factors that affect the length of El Nino decaying phase and resultant WNPAC anomalies in the following summer.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and its components in a US popular winter wheat TAM 111 using 90K SNPs

Stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) are important for deployment in marker assisted selection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops. We reported QTL discovery in wheat using a population of 217 recombinant inbred lines and multiple statistical approach including multi-environment, multi-trait and epistatic interactions analysis. We detected nine consistent QTL linked to different traits on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B and 7A. Grain yield QTL were detected on chromosomes 2B.1 and 5B across three or four models of GenStat, MapQTL, and QTLNetwork while the QTL on chromosomes 5A.1, 6A.2, and 7A.1 were only significant with yield from one or two models. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by the QTL on 2B.1 ranged from 3.3–25.1% based on single and multi-environment models in GenStat and was pleiotropic or co-located with maturity (days to heading) and yield related traits (test weight, thousand kernel weight, harvest index). The QTL on 5B at 211 cM had PVE range of 1.8–9.3% and had no significant pleiotropic effects. Other consistent QTL detected in this study were linked to yield related traits and agronomic traits. The QTL on 1A was consistent for the number of spikes m-2 across environments and all the four analysis models with a PVE range of 5.8–8.6%. QTL for kernels spike-1 were found in chromosomes 1A, 2A.1, 2B.1, 6A.2, and 7A.1 with PVE ranged from 5.6–12.8% while QTL for thousand kernel weight were located on chromosomes 1A, 2B.1, 5A.1, 6A.2, 6B.1 and 7A.1 with PVEranged from 2.7–19.5%. Among the consistent QTL, five QTL had significant epistatic interactions (additive × additive) at least for one trait and none revealed significant additive × additive × environment interactions. Comparative analysis revealed that the region within the confidence interval of the QTL on 5B from 211.4–244.2 cM is also linked to genes for aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, splicing regulatory glutamine/lysine-rich protein 1 isoform X1, and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 1-like isoform X1. The stable QTL could be important for further validation, high throughput SNP development, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat.
Ventricular contracture and compliance changes with global ischemia and reperfusion, and their effect on coronary resistance in the rat.

SUMMARY We measured ventricular contracture and compliance (passive distensibility) of the isolated rat heart during and after 30 minutes of complete global ischemia. The passive filling or distensibility curves of intra-left ventricular pressure vs. volume were linear between 0 and 30 mm Hg during the control, ischemic, and reperfusion periods. During ischemia the effective stiffness (distensibility slope) of the ventricle increased from the preischemic control of 0.229 ± 0.027 to 0.514 ± 0.083 mm Hg/pl (P < 0.005); with reperfusion, stiffness markedly increased to 1.743 ± 0.442 mm Hg//tl (P < 0.001 vs. control). The changes in passive distensibility were parallel to changes in contracture which occurred when the ventricle was held in the isovolumic condition; during ischemia, contracture increased the preischemic diastolic pressure of -2 ± 1 to 17 ± 3 mm Hg (P < 0.001); in the early reperfusion period intense ventricular contracture occurred to a pressure of 75 ± 6 mm Hg (P < 0.001 vs. preischemic control). After 30 minutes of reperfusion contracture pressure decreased to 34 ± 7 mm Hg, (P < 0.001 vs. control). Contracture during reperfusion was associated with a parallel increase in the coronary vascular resistance; postischemic contracture may thus contribute to the no reflow phenomenon observed with attempted reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. The severity of contracture which occurred during ischemia and reperfusion was inversely related to the amount of ischemic tissue lactate accumulation and did not correlate with changes in tissue water content. Thus, global ischemia and reperfusion markedly decreased passive ventricular compliance; in the intact animal ventricular filling could be impaired by this process and diastolic pressure measurements would reflect the change in compliance as well in
Understanding the Five-Factor Model and Five-Factor Theory through a South African cultural lens

Despite the vast body of evidence accumulated for the Five-Factor Model worldwide, it is often criticised for being atheoretical, too descriptive, and lacking reference to personality development across the lifespan. In response to these critiques, McCrae and Costa proposed the Five-Factor Theory. This article introduces the reader briefly to the Five-Factor Model and Five-Factor Theory. The Five-Factor Theory refers to the five factors of the Five-Factor Model as Basic Tendencies and postulates that the five factors of the Five-Factor Model are innate, heritable, and universal structures. This article debates whether the Five-Factor Theory is correct in arguing for five Basic Tendencies by providing local and international literature that suggests that five factors do not form the topmost hierarchy in personality. In African and Asian cultures, specifically, it has been argued that the collectivist dimension in particular is not captured in the Five-Factor Model and Five-Factor Theory. This article explores these arguments with particular reference to the Individualism\Collectivism dimensions and concludes by suggesting that both Five-Factor Theory and the Five-Factor Model take more cognisance of other cultural perspectives on personality at both the theoretical and empirical levels.