Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of leptin receptor‐expressing neurons in the brainstem by TRPV1

The central nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of feeding behavior and whole‐body metabolism via controlling the autonomic output to the visceral organs. Activity of the parasympathetic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) determines the vagal tone and thereby modulates the function of the subdiaphragmatic organs. Leptin is highly involved in the regulation of food intake and alters neuronal excitability of brainstem neurons. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) has also been shown to increase neurotransmission in the brainstem and we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release to leptin receptor‐expressing (LepRbEGFP) DMV neurons. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were performed to determine the effect of TRPV1 activation on excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSC, IPSC) of LepRbEGFP neurons in the DMV. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist increased the frequency of miniature EPSCs in 50% of LepRbEGFP neurons without altering the frequency of miniature IPSCs in the DMV. Stomach‐projecting LepRbEGFP neurons were identified in the DMV using the transsynaptic retrograde viral tracer PRV‐614. Activation of TRPV1 increased the frequency of mEPSC in ~50% of stomach‐related LepRbEGFP DMV neurons. These data demonstrate that TRPV1 increases excitatory neurotransmission to a subpopulation of LepRbEGFP DMV neurons via presynaptic mechanisms and suggest a potential interaction between TRPV1 and leptin signaling in the DMV.
Different personality patterns in non‐socialized (juvenile delinquents) and socialized (air force pilot recruits) sensation seekers

Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation‐seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation‐Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within‐group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross parser evaluation : a French Treebanks study

This paper presents preliminary investigations on the statistical parsing of French by bringing a complete evaluation on French data of the main probabilistic lexicalized and unlexicalized parsers first designed on the Penn Treebank. We adapted the parsers on the two existing treebanks of French (Abeille et al., 2003; Schluter and van Genabith, 2007). To our knowledge, mostly all of the results reported here are state-of-the-art for the constituent parsing of French on every available treebank. Regarding the algorithms, the comparisons show that lexicalized parsing models are outperformed by the unlexicalized Berkeley parser. Regarding the treebanks, we observe that, depending on the parsing model, a tag set with specific features has direct influence over evaluation results. We show that the adapted lexicalized parsers do not share the same sensitivity towards the amount of lexical material used for training, thus questioning the relevance of using only one lexicalized model to study the usefulness of lexicalization for the parsing of French.
Characterization of neurons of the supramammillary nucleus and mammillary body that discharge rhythmically with the hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat

We examined the activity of single cells of the supramammillary nucleus (SUM), the mammillary body (MB), and adjacent regions of the diencephalon with respect to the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) in urethane-anesthetized rats. Twenty-nine of 170 cells were found to discharge synchronously with the theta rhythm of the hippocampus (theta- related neurons). All of the 29 theta-related cells were localized to the SUM or MB. A subset of theta-related cells of SUM and MB discharged in short-duration bursts comparable to the pyramidal complex spike cells of the hippocampus. In contrast to hippocampal complex spikes, however, which predominantly exhibit this mode of firing during non- theta states, the burst firing of SUM/MB cells was strongly correlated with the theta rhythm. The proportion of bursting neurons was higher in MB than in SUM. Using partial coherence analysis, we examined the relationship between SUM/MB theta-related cells and the two generators of theta of the dorsal hippocampus. The theta-related cells of MB showed a stronger correlation with “CA1” than with “dentate” theta, whereas no such asymmetry was found in the relationship between neuronal firing of SUM cells and the two generators of theta in the hippocampus. The foregoing suggests that the theta-related cells of MB are driven by descending projections from the hippocampal formation (CA1), whereas those of the SUM are not. The SUM and MB are intimately connected with the hippocampal formation--the SUM mainly via ascending projections to the dentate gyrus, and the MB via direct descending projections from the subiculum. Theta-related SUM/MB cells may be directly involved in the generation of theta and/or the transfer of theta rhythmicity to various parts of the limbic system and forebrain.
BIOMIMETIC APPROACHES TO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN FOR INCREASED SUSTAINABILITY

Biomimicry, where flora, fauna or entire ecosystems are emulated as a basis for design, is a growing area of research in the fields of architecture and engineering. This is due to both the fact that it is an inspirational source of possible new innovation and because of the potential it offers as a way to create a more sustainable and even regenerative built environment. The widespread and practical application of biomimicry as a design method remains however largely unrealised. A growing body of international research identifies various obstacles to the employment of biomimicry as an architectural design method. One barrier of particular note is the lack of a clear definition of the various approaches to biomimicry that designers can initially employ. Through a comparative literature review, and an examination of existing biomimetic technologies, this paper elaborates on distinct approaches to biomimetic design that have evolved. A framework for understanding the various forms of biomimicry has been developed, and is used to discuss the distinct advantages and disadvantages inherent in each as a design methodology. It is shown that these varied approaches may lead to different outcomes in terms of overall sustainability or regenerative potential. It is posited that a biomimetic approach to architectural design that incorporates an understanding of ecosystems could become a vehicle for creating a built environment that goes beyond simply sustaining current conditions to a restorative practice where the built environment becomes a vital component in the integration with and regeneration of natural ecosystems.
Offender Risk Assessment

During the past 20 years, there have been significant developments in the area of offender assessment. As a result, this knowledge has placed the field in a position to construct guidelines as to what should characterize useful and effective offender assessment instruments. The author’s suggestions as to what constitutes good assessment ranges from the noncontroversial (e.g., actuarial instruments) to the more contentious (e.g., lessening one’s reliance on static risk scales). Whether the reader agrees with the views expressed, it is hoped that the force of the empirical arguments will at least provoke some careful consideration rather than summarily dismissing them.
A PID dual rate controller implementation over a networked control system

In networked control systems (NCS) environments is usual to find restrictions with data-acquisition frequency. If the control action updating can be faster than the output measurement, the use of a dual rate controller is a natural solution. Due to PIDs are useful controllers in industrial applications, in this paper a dual rate PID controller is designed splitting a conventional PID into two parts acting at different sampling rates. Its implementation over a specific NCS scenario (Profibus DP) is assumed. The study includes a description of a NCS, the introduction of a dual rate design methodology for PID controllers and also an analysis that validates the real implementation using this approach. Finally, theoretical and practical results are shown too
DAMPAK UJIAN BERISIKO TINGGI TERHADAP PROSES MENGAJAR DAN BELAJAR KIMIA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Penelitian ini menguji dampak dari masuknya kimia dalam ujian nasional (UN) sebagai pengujian berisiko tinggi pada beberapa aspek kimia pengajaran serta aspek psikodinamik belajar kimia di tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Kausal-komparatif desain penelitian digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Untuk melakukan studi dua lima-poin Likert-jenis skala yang dikembangkan dan divalidasi, yaitu skala mengajar guru (TT-Scale) dan aspek psikodinamik skala belajar siswa (PSL-Skala). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kimia 110 serta 240 siswa jurusan IPA di provinsi Jawa Barat digambar dengan multi-stage cluster sampling prosedur. Analisis data menggunakan t-test dan ANCOVA dilakukan untuk menguji signifikansi perbedaan rata-rata: tindakan pedagogis Guru sebelum vs setelah kimia termasuk dalam UN, aspek psikodinamik belajar siswa kelas 11 (lemah terpapar oleh UN) vs 12 grader (kuat terpapar oleh UN). Ditemukan bahwa perubahan pengujian berisiko tinggi secara signifikan pada berikut: Konten harus diajarkan lebih fokus pada konten pemeriksaan, proses mengajar menjadi lebih berpusat pada siswa, dan masalah latihan pemecahan menjadi lebih dominan dalam mengajar. Berkaitan dengan aspek psikodinamik belajar siswa, terungkap bahwa siswa kelas 12 cenderung memiliki tingkat yang lebih tinggi dalam berikut: Sikap terhadap belajar, motivasi belajar, self-efficacy, dan belajar mandiri. Namun, itu juga menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengembangkan kepercayaan yang tidak pantas pada pembelajaran yang efektif. Namun, efek dari tinggi-saham pengujian pada kecemasan tes siswa tidak dibuktikan. Kata kunci: high-stake testing, ujian nasional, kimia mengajar, psikodinamik aspek pembelajaran
A Descriptive Analysis of NBC’s Coverage of the Centennial Olympics

This study examines the amount of coverage given to women’s events and female athletes by NBC at the Centennial Olympic Games. Content analysis showed that women were covered extensively, but that coverage of women concentrated on individual sports such as swimming, diving, and gymnastics to the exclusion of team events. Men’s team competitions received substantially more coverage than did women’s team events, and women in sports that involved power or hard physical contact between athletes received almost no attention. Additionally, many more men were used as on-camera sources and most event announcers were male.
Methodological Challenges Confronted when Conducting Management Research in China

This article addresses some fundamental methodological issues confronting management researchers undertaking research in China. Among other things, it considers the following: cultural factors that might impact on what is a researchable question; sampling issues; difficulties in developing valid research instruments; problems pertaining to data collection; and the challenges of data interpretation. While the issues are by no means unique to China, there are a number of matters that require special attention in the Chinese context. Failure to consider such methodological problems might potentially call into question the findings of otherwise important management studies. Specific recommendations are provided as to how these challenges can be successfully dealt with.
Inteligencia emocional y personalidad en las diferentes áreas de conocimiento de los estudiantes universitarios

El motivo de este estudio fue poner de manifiesto el estado de la competencia socioemocional, considerada competencia transversal en el nuevo marco universitario, y su relacion con personalidad. Se analizo la competencia emocional (EQ-­‐i) y la personalidad (NEO-­‐FFi) de 640 alumnos de 1er curso de diferentes areas de conocimiento de la UdL (231 hombres, 409 mujeres, M = 18.7 y DT = 1.9). Se realizaron pruebas Turkey, correlaciones entre los resultados y un analisis de regresion multiple para determinar si existian diferencias entre los resultados por titulaciones y sexo. Se determinaron esas diferencias y tambien correlaciones entre competencia emocional y personalidad
The Development and Evaluation of the Academic Entitlement Questionnaire

Validity evidence was gathered for the Academic Entitlement Questionnaire (AEQ). After reviewing entitlement literature, items were written to cover the breadth of academic entitlement. Results provide evidence for the substantive, structural, and external aspects of validity of the AEQ. Implications for research and use of the AEQ are discussed.
An Eye for an Eye: Proportionality as a Moral Principle of Punishment

The lex talionis of the Old Testament has been widely perceived understandably, but mistakenly as a barbaric law of retribution in kind. It is better understood as a seminal expression of restraint and proportionality as moral principles of punishment. This has been recognized from the earliest times. Over the intervening centuries, the lex talionis has lost neither its moral significance nor its penal relevance. This is reflected in H.L. A. Hart's synthesis of modern retributivist and utilitarian theories of punishment and, again, in contemporary Canadian law through the recognition of proportionality as the fundamental principle of sentencing under the Criminal Code. The tension between this fundamental principle and Canada's increasing resort to mandatory minimum sentences of imprisonment is examined briefly in this light.
POND4Kids: A Global Web-based Database for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Outcome Evaluation and Collaboration

The Pediatric Oncology Network Database, (www.pond4kids.org, POND), is a secure, web-based, multilingual pediatric hematology/oncology database created for use in countries with limited resources to meet various clinical data management needs including cancer registration, delivery of protocol-based care, outcome evaluation, and assessment of psychosocial support programs. Established as a part of the International Outreach Program at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, POND serves as a tool for oncology units to store patient data for easy retrieval and analysis and to achieve uniform data collection to facilitate meaningful comparison of information among centers. Launched in 2003, POND now has 233 sites registered with over 1,000 users in 66 countries. However, adoption and usage of POND varies widely among sites. This paper reviews some of the challenges to developing a global collaborative clinical platform based on the experiences of developing POND. The paper also presents a case study of POND use in Guatemala, where the Guatemalan National Oncology Unit (UNOP) has developed extensive internal and external global collaborations using POND.
Effect of Specimen Thickness on the Creep Response of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy (PREPRINT)

Abstract : Creep tests on Ni-based single crystal superalloy sheet specimens typically show greater creep strain rates and/or reduced strain or time to creep rupture for thinner specimens than predicted by current theories which predict a size independent creep strain rate and creep rupture strain. This size dependent creep response is termed the thickness debit effect. To investigate the mechanism of the thickness debit effect, isothermal, constant nominal stress creep tests were performed on uncoated PWA1484 Ni-based single crystal superalloy sheet specimens of thicknesses 3.18mm and 0.51mm under two test conditions: 760◦C/758MPa and 982◦C/248MPa. The specimens contained initial micro-voids formed during the solidification and homogenization processes. The dependence of the creep response on specimen thickness differed under the two test conditions: at 760◦C/758MPa there was a reduction in the creep strain and the time to rupture with decreasing section thickness while at 982◦C/248MPa a decreased thickness resulted in an increased creep rate even at low strain levels and a decreased time to rupture but with no systematic dependence of the creep.
Encoding ‘Regular’ and ‘Random’ Sequences of Views of Novel Three-Dimensional Objects

When we look at an object as we move or the object moves, our visual system is presented with a sequence of different views of the object. It has been suggested that such regular temporal sequences of views of objects contain information that can aid in the process of representing and recognising objects. We examined whether seeing a series of perspective views of objects in sequence led to more efficient recognition than seeing the same views of objects but presented in a random order. Participants studied images of 20 novel three-dimensional objects rotating in depth under one of two study conditions. In one study condition, participants viewed an ordered sequence of views of objects that was assumed to mimic important aspects of how we normally encounter objects. In the other study condition, participants were presented the same object views, but in a random order. It was expected that studying a regular sequence of views would lead to more efficient recognition than studying a random presentation of object views. Although subsequent recognition accuracy was equal for the two groups, differences in reaction time between the two study groups resulted. Specifically, the random study group responded reliably faster than the sequence study group. Some possible encoding differences between the two groups are discussed.
Face recognition based on convolutional neural network

Face recognition is of great importance to real world applications such as video surveillance, human machine interaction and security systems. As compared to traditional machine learning approaches, deep learning based methods have shown better performances in terms of accuracy and speed of processing in image recognition. This paper proposes a modified Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture by adding two normalization operations to two of the layers. The normalization operation which is batch normalization provided acceleration of the network. CNN architecture was employed to extract distinctive face features and Softmax classifier was used to classify faces in the fully connected layer of CNN. In the experiment part, Georgia Tech Database showed that the proposed approach has improved the face recognition performance with better recognition results.
Differential effects of age on large artery stiffness and minimal vascular resistance in normotensive and mildly hypertensive individuals

Large artery stiffness and small artery structural changes are both cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial stiffness increases with age and blood pressure (BP), but it is unclear in which way large artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and peripheral vascular resistance are related and whether age has any influence. In a cross‐sectional study, PWV and forearm minimum vascular resistance (Rmin) was compared with emphasis on the impact of age. Normotensive (n = 53) and untreated hypertensive (n = 23) subjects were included based on 24‐h BP measurements. Age ranged from 21 to 79 years with an even distribution from each age decade. PWV was assessed using tonometry. Forearm Rmin was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography at maximal vasodilatation induced by 10 min of ischaemia in combination with skin heating and hand grip exercise. In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects, PWV correlated significantly with age and BP. Based on median age, both groups were assigned into two equally large subgroups. Normotensive older (66 ± 7 years) and younger (35 ± 10 years) persons had different carotid‐femoral PWV (7·9 ± 1·8 versus 5·7 ± 0·9 m/s, P<0·01), but similar Rmin values (3·7 ± 0·9 versus 3·6 ± 1·2 mmHg/ml/min/100 ml). Hypertensive older (63 ± 6 years) and younger (40 ± 10 years) also had different PWV (8·0 ± 1·5 versus 6·7 ± 1·1 m/s, P<0·05), but the older had lower Rmin (3·1 ± 0·8 versus 4·7 ± 2·2 mmHg/ml/min/100 ml, P<0·05). In a regression analysis adjusting for age, BP, gender and heart rate, no correlation was seen between PWV and Rmin. The data suggest that age differentially affects PWV and Rmin and that BP can increase in older persons without affecting Rmin.
CHRISTIAN INDEPENDENCY AND GLOBAL MEMBERSHIP: PENTECOSTAL EXTRAVERSIONS IN MALAWI

Recent scholarship on Pentecostalism in Africa has debated issues of transnationalism, globalisation and localisation. Building on Bayart's notion of extraversion, this scholarship has highlighted Pentecostals' far-flung networks as resources in the growth and consolidation of particular movements and leaders. This article examines strategies of extraversion among independent Pentecostal churches. The aim is less to assess the historical validity of claims to independency than to account for its appeal as a popular idiom. The findings from fieldwork in a Malawian township show that half of the Pentecostal churches there regard themselves as 'independent'. Although claims to independency arise from betrayals of the Pentecostal promise of radical equality in the Holy Spirit, independency does sustain Pentecostals' desire for membership in a global community of believers. Pentecostal independency thus provides a perspective on African engagements with the apparent marginalisation of the sub-continent in the contemporary world. Two contrasting cases of Pentecostal independency reveal similar aspirations and point out the need to appreciate the religious forms of extraversion. Crucial to Pentecostal extraversions are believers' attempts to subject themselves to a spiritually justified hierarchy.
The Social Construction of Ability Perceptions

The role of school and community contexts in the formation of gifted adolescent girls' self-perceptions of ability are explored in this article. Findings are based on an ethnographic study which used participant-observation, interviewing, and unobtrusive measures to collect data on girls' experiences in one middle school. The results of this study indicated that social interaction contributed to the development of self-perceptions of ability, and that self-perceptions of ability, in turn, influenced gifted girls' decisions about appropriate achievement-related behavior. The formation of ability perceptions was seen as a cyclic process: gifted girls' interpretations of significant others' beliefs about giftedness influenced their self-estimates of ability and classroom behaviors, and their behaviors brought them feedback about their own abilities.