Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Periodically Occurring Patterns in Time Series

In this paper, we address the problem of identifying periodically occurring patterns in a time series. The domain of data-center management is the primary focus. Data here comprises of request latencies, resource utilization of servers, data center workload etc. to name a few. Although periodicity detection has been researched, the past work does not address the challenges presented by such data-sets. The major challenges include time scaling, time shifting, amplitude scaling, amplitude shifting and noise. We propose an innovative solution to cater to the new challenges. In this paper, we address the problem of identifying the shape of the periodically occurring pattern and the timeseries regions which exhibit periodic behavior. We also present a crisp definition of a periodic pattern in the face of such challenges. In addition, we present experimental evaluation of the proposed technique on various data-sets to evaluate its robustness.
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Autobiographical Memory

Groups from Japan, China, Bangladesh, England, and the United States recalled, described, and dated specific autobiographical memories. When memories were plotted in terms of age-at-encoding highly similar life-span memory retrieval curves were observed: the periods of childhood amnesia and the reminiscence bump were the same across cultures. However, content analysis of memory descriptions of the U.S. and Chinese groups found that memories from the Chinese group had interdependent self-focus (i.e., were of events with a group or social orientation), whereas the memory content of the U.S. group showed an independent self-focus (i.e., were of events oriented to the individual). These findings suggest that there are culturally invariant features of autobiographical memory that yield structurally similar memories across cultures, yet the content of memories is sensitive to cultural influences related to the nature of the self. Findings are discussed in light of similarities and diversity between selves with different self/other orientations.
The Role of Parents’ Critical Thinking About Media in Shaping Expectancies, Efficacy and Nutrition Behaviors for Families

A convenience survey completed online by 137 4-H parents in Washington state explored their orientation toward critical thinking regarding media sources and content and its implications for family dietary behaviors. Parents’ critical thinking toward media sources predicted their information efficacy about content. Critical thinking toward media content predicted information efficacy about sources, expectancies for parental mediation, and expectancies for family receptiveness to lower-fat dietary changes. Expectancies for receptiveness to dietary changes and expectancies for parental mediation predicted efficacy for implementing healthy dietary practices; this strongly predicted healthy dietary practices. Media-related critical thinking, therefore, indirectly but consistently affected self-reported family dietary behaviors through its effects on efficacy for managing media and expectancies for the family’s receptiveness to healthy dietary changes. The results suggest parents’ media literacy skills affect their family’s dietary behavior. Health campaigns that help parents interpret and manage the media environment may benefit all family members.
A Social-contextual Model of Coping with Everyday Problems across the Lifespan

The paper describes a social-contextual model of the process whereby individuals in connection with others anticipate and cope with everyday life problems. From this model, appraisal and stress are conceptualised at a variety of levels, ranging from solely individual appraisal of everyday problems to integrated and shared relational appraisal by a social unit. Coping efforts likewise range from solely individual efforts to highly collaborative efforts. Our developmental work on everyday problem solving is used to illustrate how coping efforts are embedded in a rich social context, are appraised within that context, and frequently involve the use of others in ways that extend beyond using individuals for support. Our work suggests a reorientation of stress and coping research away from documenting general developmental differences in coping strategies to understanding the process whereby individuals and others in their social context anticipate and cope with everyday life problems. We suggest that this process is a dynamic one in which microdevelopmental change across a current coping situation and macrodevelopmental change across the lifespan are examined.
Detection and measurement of endodontic root perforations using a newly designed apex-locating handpiece.

Access openings and lateral root perforations were prepared in 40 single-rooted extracted teeth. The distance to the perforations was measured visually and then with the Tri Auto ZX. The electronic device was used first in its apex-locating function and then in conjunction with its automatic reverse mechanism. On average, the electronically measured length was slightly shorter than the visually measured length (P < 0.05). When the automatic reverse mechanism was used, the values registered were either consistent with or slightly different (+/- 0.5 mm) from the electronically measured length (P > 0.05). The results of this study revealed that the Tri Auto ZX detected and measured endodontic root perforations within a range of clinically acceptable variations.
Problems in the Development of Sports in Nigerian Universities

At the tenth Nigerian University Games in 1984, 257 athletes from 17 of the 24 Nigerian universities were interviewed to determine their perception and rating of the problems influencing the development of sport at Nigerian universities. Thus, many problems of university athletes, especially concerning the administration, academic education, training programs and the lack of material and human resources, were reported. As a result of this study 14 recommendations are listed to improve university athletics and, by doing so, sport in general in Nigeria. Thus, they demand an improvement of physical education in secondary schools, the establishment of departments of physical education at all universities and better facilities and more frequent competitions for university athletes.
Improving the Efficiency of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall Stress Computations

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a pathological dilation of the abdominal aorta, which carries a high mortality rate if ruptured. The most commonly used surrogate marker of rupture risk is the maximal transverse diameter of the aneurysm. More recent studies suggest that wall stress from models of patient-specific aneurysm geometries extracted, for instance, from computed tomography images may be a more accurate predictor of rupture risk and an important factor in AAA size progression. However, quantification of wall stress is typically computationally intensive and time-consuming, mainly due to the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the abdominal aortic aneurysm walls. These difficulties have limited the potential of computational models in clinical practice. To facilitate computation of wall stresses, we propose to use a linear approach that ensures equilibrium of wall stresses in the aneurysms. This proposed linear model approach is easy to implement and eliminates the burden of nonlinear computations. To assess the accuracy of our proposed approach to compute wall stresses, results from idealized and patient-specific model simulations were compared to those obtained using conventional approaches and to those of a hypothetical, reference abdominal aortic aneurysm model. For the reference model, wall mechanical properties and the initial unloaded and unstressed configuration were assumed to be known, and the resulting wall stresses were used as reference for comparison. Our proposed linear approach accurately approximates wall stresses for varying model geometries and wall material properties. Our findings suggest that the proposed linear approach could be used as an effective, efficient, easy-to-use clinical tool to estimate patient-specific wall stresses.
Five-axis tool path generation based on machine-dependent potential field

Traditional methods for improving machining efficiency in five-axis machining mainly concentrate on two frontiers. One seeks to minimise the total length of the tool path, while the other aims at maximising the feedrate. These two optimisations are carried out independently at different stages of a machining process and often conflict each other. Explicitly, a tool path with minimum total tool path length may turn out to be inferior when the specific machine tool’s capacities are considered, and, in order not to exceed the limits of those capacities, the machine’s controller has to keep the feedrate under an inordinately low level, thus actually prolonging the real machining time. In this article, by considering the local geometry of the part surface and the speed and acceleration limits of the machine’s axes, a vector field called machine-dependent potential field is proposed to characterise the relationship between the material removal rate and the feed direction. Based on this introduced potential field, and combined with the well-known iso-cusp height expansion method, a new five-axis tool path generation algorithm is proposed. Preliminary experiments show that this new algorithm can sometimes achieve substantial savings in total machining time over the existing methods.
Emotional Mimicry in Social Context: The Case of Disgust and Pride

A recent review on facial mimicry concludes that emotional mimicry is less ubiquitous than has been suggested, and only occurs in interactions that are potentially affiliative (see Hess and Fischer, in revision). We hypothesize that individuals do not mimic facial expressions that can be perceived as offensive, such as disgust, and mimic positive emotion displays, but only when the context is affiliative (i.e., with intimates). Second, we expect that in spontaneous interactions not mimicry, but empathic feelings with the other predict the accurateness of emotion recognition. Data were collected in a pseudo-experimental setting, during an event organized for subscribers of a large Dutch women’s magazine. One woman (expresser) was exposed to two emotional stimuli (i.e., a vile smell, a compliment) in order to evoke disgust and pride respectively. Another woman (observer: intimate or stranger) was sitting opposite of her. We collected self-report measures on emotions and empathy, and coded facial expressions of disgust and smiling on the basis of FACS. The results show that participants do not mimic disgust. In contrast, smiles displayed after the vile smell and the compliment were mimicked, but only among intimates. We also found that self-reported empathy and not mimicry is related to the recognition of disgust. These findings are discussed in the light of a Social Contextual view on emotional mimicry.
Imaging language function with MEG and fMRI

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto. fi Author Mia Liljeström Name of the dissertation Imaging language function with MEG and fMRI Manuscript submitted 04.03. 2010 Manuscript revised 02.05. 2010 Date of the defence 28.05. 2010 Monograph X Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Faculty Information and Natural Sciences Department Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science Field of research Engineering Physics, Biomedical Engineering Opponent(s) Professor Peter Hagoort Supervisor Professor Risto Ilmoniemi Instructor Academy professor Riitta Salmelin
Age-Specific Genetic and Maternal Effects in Fecundity of Preindustrial Finnish Women

Abstract A population's potential for evolutionary change depends on the amount of genetic variability expressed in traits under selection. Studies attempting to measure this variability typically do so over the life span of individuals, but theory suggests that the amount of additive genetic variance can change during the course of individuals' lives. Here we use pedigree data from historical Finns and a quantitative genetic framework to investigate how female fecundity, throughout an individual's reproductive life, is influenced by “maternal” versus additive genetic effects. We show that although maternal effects explain variation in female fecundity early in life, these effects wane with female age. Moreover, this decline in maternal effects is associated with a concomitant increase in additive genetic variance with age. Our results thus highlight that single over-lifetime estimates of trait heritability may give a misleading view of a trait's potential to respond to changing selection pressures.
A Rat Model of Hemidystonia Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid

Objective Secondary dystonia commonly presents as hemidystonia and is often refractory to current treatments. We aimed to establish an inducible rat model of hemidystonia utilizing 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) and to determine the pathophysiology of this model. Methods Two different doses of 3-NP were stereotactically administered into the ipsilateral caudate putamen (CPu) of Wistar rats. Behavioral changes and alterations in the neurotransmitter levels in the basal ganglia were analyzed. We also performed an electromyogram, 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging and transmission electron microscopy examination to determine the pathophysiology of the model. Results In the CPu region, 3-NP produced mitochondrial cristae rupture, axonal degeneration, increased excitatory synaptic vesicles and necrosis. The extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids increased, whereas the inhibitory amino acids decreased in the CPu. Furthermore, an imbalance of neurotransmitters was found in other regions of the basal ganglia with the exception of the external globus pallidus. This study demonstrated that 3-NP administration results in CPu damage, and combined with a neurotransmitter imbalance in the basal ganglia, it produces specific neurobehavioral changes in rats. Right limb (contralateral side of CPu lesion) and trunk dystonic postures, shortened step length and ipsiversive dystonic posturing were observed in these rats. Furthermore, EMG recordings confirmed that co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles could be seen for several seconds in right limbs. Conclusions Stereotactic injection of 3-NP into the ipsilateral CPu of rats established an inducible model for hemidystonia. This effect might result from an imbalance of neurotransmitter levels, which induce dysfunctional activity of the basal ganglia mainly via the cortico-striato-GPi direct pathway. Symptoms in this model were present for 1 week. Activation of the cortico-striato-GPe indirect pathway and rebalance of neurotransmitters may lead to recovery. This rat model may be a suitable tool used to understand and further investigate the pathophysiology of dystonia.
An elbow dislocation in a child with missed medial epicondyle fracture and late ulnar nerve palsy

Elbow dislocations associated with a medial epicondyle fracture and ulnar nerve palsy are uncommon injuries. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with an elbow dislocation treated by closed manual reduction. The medial epicondyle fracture was missed initially until she developed an ulnar nerve palsy 2 months later. Intraoperatively we discovered the bony epicondyle piercing the joint capsule and compressing the ulnar nerve. Removal of the bony fragment relieved her symptoms and she returned to normal activities at 1 year follow-up. We would like to highlight this rare occurrence and present the detailed history and management of this case.
Individual Choices in Dynamic Networks: An Experiment on Social Preferences

Game-theoretic models of network formation typically assume that people create relations so as to maximize their own outcome in the network. Recent experiments on network formation suggest that the assumption of self-interest might be unwarranted and that social preferences, such as altruism and inequality aversion, play a role in the formation of social networks. We developed an experiment to systematically investigate whether people show preferences for outcomes of others during network formation. We find that such preferences play a role when network decisions degenerate to simple two-person decision tasks. In more complex environments, however, we find little evidence for social preferences as a significant decision criterion. Furthermore, we find some evidence for farsighted behavior in network formation.
Through the Haze of Cigarettes: Teenage Girls’ Stories about Cigarette Addiction

Narrative inquiry was used to explore the meaning of nicotine addiction among teenage girls, age 14 to 17 years, who had recent experience with smoking. The following three narratives emerged: invincibility, giving in, and unanticipated addiction. Those who told a story of invincibility depicted how they were in control of their smoking and not addicted. Participants who gave accounts of giving in to smoking described yielding to external forces. In the narrative of unanticipated addiction, participants recounted their surprise at realizing that they were addicted. Two subnarratives, needing to quit and repeating history, were also uncovered. The study findings reveal the importance of semantics and identity issues as teenage girls talked about nicotine addiction. Listening to their stories is paramount in continued efforts in the reduction of tobacco consumption.
Infidelity in Heterosexual Couples: Demographic, Interpersonal, and Personality-related Predictors of Extradyadic Sex

This study aimed to assess the relative importance of demographic, interpersonal, and personality factors in predicting sexual infidelity in heterosexual couples. A total of 506 men (M age = 32.86 years, SD = 10.60) and 412 women (M age = 27.66 years, SD = 8.93), who indicated they were in a monogamous sexual relationship, completed a series of questionnaires , including the Sexual Excitation/Inhibition (SES/SIS) scales and the Mood and Sexuality Questionnaire, and answered questions about, among others, religiosity, education, income, relationship and sexual satisfaction, and sexual compatibility. Almost one-quarter of men (23.2%) and 19.2% of women indicated that they had ''cheated'' during their current relationship (i.e., engaged in sexual interactions with someone other than their partner that could jeopardize, or hurt, their relationship). Among men, a logistic regression analysis, explaining 17% of the variance, revealed that a higher propensity of sexual excita-tion (SES) and sexual inhibition due to ''the threat of performance concerns'' (SIS1), a lower propensity for sexual inhibition due to''the threat of performance consequences''(SIS2), and an increased tendency to engage in regretful sexual behavior during negative affective states were all significant predictors of infidelity. In women, a similar regression analysis explained 21% of the variance in engaging in infidelity. In addition to SIS1 and SIS2, for which the same patterns were found as for men, low relationship happiness and low compatibility in terms of sexual attitudes and values were predictive of infidelity. The findings of this study suggest that, for both men and women, sexual personality characteristics and, for women, relationship factors are more relevant to the prediction of sexual infidelity than demographic variables such as marital status and religiosity.
Fosfomycin Synergy In Vitro with Amoxicillin, Daptomycin, and Linezolid against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium from Renal Transplant Patients with Infected Urinary Stents

ABSTRACT Fosfomycin is a potential option for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infections despite limited in vitro and clinical data. In this study, 32 VRE isolates from renal transplant patients with urinary stent infections were susceptible to fosfomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid and resistant to amoxicillin, minocycline, and nitrofurantoin based on their MIC50s and MIC90s. Fosfomycin was bacteriostatic at 0.5 to 16× the MIC (32 to 2,048 μg/ml); synergy occurred when fosfomycin was combined with daptomycin (2.8 to 3.9 log10 CFU/ml kill; P < 0.001) or amoxicillin (2.6 to 3.4; P < 0.05). These combinations may be potent options to treat VRE urinary infections pending investigation of clinical efficacy.
The Language of Lyrics

The lyrical content of Billboard No. 1 songs for each year from 1955 to 2003 was investigated across changes in U.S. social and economic conditions. Consistent with the environmental security hypothesis, popular song lyrics were predicted to have more meaningful themes and content when social and economic conditions were threatening. Trends for more meaningful, comforting, and romantic lyric ratings were observed in more threatening social and economic times. Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, songs with more words per sentence, a focus on the future, and greater mention of social processes and intergroup themes were popular during threatening social and economic conditions. Limitations and possible implications are discussed.
Beam Diffraction by a Wedge: Exact and Complex Ray Solutions

We explore and compare various solution techniques for the diffraction of a two-dimensional complex-source beam (2D-CSB) by a wedge. Specifically, we calculate the exact total field via the complex-source multipole expansion and via the Sommerfeld integral, and compare the results with the complex ray solution and with nonuniform and uniform diffraction solutions.
New radiocarbon dates for the Roonka Flat Aboriginal burial ground, South Australia

The Roonka Flat site has produced the largest well-provenanced pre-European Aboriginal burial population in Australia. The site is located on an elevated sand flat on the west bank of the lower Murray River near Blanchetown, South Australia. The skeletal remains have been studied by a range of specialists in mortuary analysis, physical anthropology, dental anthropology, palaeopathology and palaeodiet (Pretty and Kricun 1989; Pate 1997a, 1998, in press).
Criminal Expertise and Offender Decision Making: An Experimental Study of the Target Selection Process in Residential Burglary

This article reports the results of an experiment designed to explore (a) the environmental cues used by active residential burglars in choosing targets, and (b) the extent to which such offenders possess specialized cognitive abilities (commonly referred to as expertise) that might facilitate this decision-making process. Forty-seven active residential burglars and a matched group of 34 nonoffenders were shown photographs of houses and asked whether the dwellings would be attractive or otherwise to burglars. Subsequently, subjects were given a surprise recognition test where, in some photographs, physical features of the setting had been changed. Results revealed that active residential burglars were significantly better than nonoffenders at recognizing certain “burglary relevant” environmental changes. Moreover, offenders differed from controls in the mix of environmental cues they employed when selecting targets. These results argue for the importance of acquired expertise in explanations of offender decision making.