Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite element and experimental investigation on the effects of temperature, strain and strain rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of FSSWed TRIP steel joints

FSSWed TRIP steel joints were investigated at four rotational speed of 900, 1200, 1500 and 1800 rpm. A finite element model was developed to obtain thermal history, strain and strain rate during welding and the results validated by experimental data. The microstructure, microhardness distribution and shear tensile strength were examined. The FSSW process successfully produced high integrity completely defect-free joints at all the proposed welding parameters. As a result of temperature and strain distribution imposed by process, three different zones were determined in welding region: stir zone with recrystallized structure, thermomechanical affected zone with major phase of martensite and heat affected zones. The maximum microhardnees was achieved at stir zone and decreased by getting away from keyhole. Totally the microhardness increased by increasing rotational speed. It was obtained that the strength of joints increased to a maximum value of 9.9 kN in 1500 rpm and then decreases to 8.4 kN at 1800 rpm. By increasing rotational speed, the strain rate increased and causes to recrystallization of the prior austenite grains, but in high rotational speed, the higher temperature causes to grain growth in recrystallized grains. The fracture surfaces of joints showed a dimple pattern ductile fracture in all cases except 1800 rpm that the fracture was less ductile which agrees with lower tensile elongation of it.
Metabolic, hormonal and stress-related molecular changes in post-mortem pituitary glands from schizophrenia subjects

Abstract Objectives. To identify a molecular profile for schizophrenia using post-mortem pituitaries from schizophrenia and control subjects. Methods. Molecular profiling analysis of pituitaries from schizophrenia (n = 14) and control (n = 15) subjects was carried out using a combination of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSE), multiplex analyte profiling (MAP), two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and Western blot analysis. Results. This led to identification of differentially expressed molecules in schizophrenia patients including hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis-associated constituents such as cortisol, pro-adrenocorticotropic hormone, arginine vasopressin precursor, agouti-related protein, growth hormone, prolactin and secretagogin, as well as molecules associated with lipid transport and metabolism such as apolipoproteins A1, A2, C3 and H. Altered levels of secretagogin in serum from a cohort of living first onset schizophrenia patients were also detected, suggesting disease association and illustrating the potential for translating some components of this molecular profile to serum-based assays. Conclusions. Future studies on the molecules identified here may lead to new insights into schizophrenia pathophysiology and pave the way for translation of novel diagnostics for use in a clinical setting.
Observed versus latent features for knowledge base and text inference

In this paper we show the surprising effectiveness of a simple observed features model in comparison to latent feature models on two benchmark knowledge base completion datasets, FB15K and WN18. We also compare latent and observed feature models on a more challenging dataset derived from FB15K, and additionally coupled with textual mentions from a web-scale corpus. We show that the observed features model is most effective at capturing the information present for entity pairs with textual relations, and a combination of the two combines the strengths of both model types.
Thrombin stimulates RPE cell motility by PKC‐ζ‐ and NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression of MCP‐1 and CINC‐1/GRO chemokines

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) are the major cell type involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which involves the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and directional migration of transformed RPE cells to the vitreous upon RPE exposure to serum components, thrombin among them. Although the aqueous humor and vitreous of PVR patients contain high levels of chemokines, their possible involvement in PVR development has not been explored. We here analyzed the effect of thrombin on chemokine gene expression and its correlation with RPE cell migration using rat RPE cells in culture as a model system. We demonstrated that thrombin induces RPE cell migration through the dose‐dependent stimulation of MCP1 and GRO expression/release, and the autocrine activation of CXCR‐2 and CCR‐2 chemokine receptors. Whereas inhibition of CXCR2 by Sb‐225002 and of CCR2 by Rs‐504393 partially prevented hirudin‐sensitive cell migration, the joint inhibition of these receptors abolished thrombin effect, suggesting the contribution of distinct but coincident mechanisms. Thrombin effects were not modified by Ro‐32‐0432 inhibition of conventional/novel PKC isoenzymes or by the MAPkinase pathway inhibitor U0126. MCP1 and GRO expression/secretion, and cell migration were completely prevented by the inhibitory PKC‐ζ pseudosubstrate and by the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor BAY11‐7082, but not by wortmannin inhibition of PI3K. Results show that signaling pathways leading to RPE cell migration differ from the MEK–ERK–PI3K‐mediated promotion RPE of cell proliferation, both of which concur at the activation of PKC‐ζ. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
51 ENDOPHENOTYPES IN STUDIES OF THE GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

The power and appeal of the molecular biology mantra, ‘‘DNA to RNA to protein,’’ to explicate cell biology comes from its universal appearance and application in all species, from microorganisms to human beings. Based on this mantra, the genomes of viruses, bacteria, fruit flies, and now humans are being mapped and sequenced, so that all the genes and, ultimately, their corresponding biological activity can be identified. As these genes are identified, it is reasonable to ask how this information can be related to the inheritance of risk for psychiatric illness. For a bacterial enzyme, genetic coding of the amino acid sequence of proteins can be closely associated with a functional change in enzymatic activity. For a complex psychiatric illness, as defined by DSM-IV criteria, the relationship is obviously not as straightforward. Psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia are generally conceptualized as multifactorial and most likely reflect the combined influence and interactions of both genetic and nongenetic factors. Furthermore, there is no reason to presuppose that only one gene is responsible for a complex psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia, as there is in some simple mendelian illnesses. Persons who are ill may differ in more than one gene from the rest of the population, and different sets of genes may be associated with illness in different populations. Thus, how best to use the power of molecular genetics to understand the inheritance and pathophysiology of complex genetic psychiatric illnesses remains an enigma that is only now beginning to be solved. In the simplest and most commonly used strategy of molecular genetics that is applied to complex psychiatric disorders, it is assumed that the distribution of illness in a family represents the effect of a single gene, and techniques of genetic analysis are used to identify that gene. This approach does not necessarily overlook the complexity of psy-
Bamboo fibres sourced from three global locations: A microstructural, mechanical and chemical composition study

More than 1200 bamboo species are known; therefore, the question arises which species are suited for composites and which microstructural characteristics of the plant are decisive. Three different bamboo species are considered, each of two ages. Technical fibre tensile tests and impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed to characterize the fibres and maceration was applied to determine the length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibres. From the impregnated fibre bundle tests it is concluded that the stiffness of bamboo fibres from tropical species considered in this research is unaffected by the species nor the age of the plant. The strength is more affected by the region of growth, with the temperate bamboo species having lower strength as a result of a lower length over diameter ratio of the elementary fibre. Chemical analysis helped to investigate the age difference and it can be stated that the fibres are mature within one growing season.
Association of Length of Pregnancy with Other Reproductive Traits in Dairy Cattle

The experiment involved observations of 2,514 Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effects of environmental factors (cow’s age, calving season, weight and sex of calves, housing system) and genetic factors on gestation length in dairy cattle and the correlation between gestation length and other reproductive traits (calving ease, stillbirth rates and placental expulsion). Genetic parameters were estimated based on the sires of calved cows (indirect effect) and the sires of live-born calves (direct effect). The following factors were found to contribute to prolonged gestation: increasing cow’s age, male fetuses and growing fetus weight. Optimal gestation length was determined in the range of 275–277 days based on calving ease and stillbirth rates. The heritability of gestation length was estimated at 0.201–0.210 by the direct effect and 0.055–0.073 by the indirect effect. The resulting genetic correlations suggest that the efforts to optimize (prolong) gestation length could exert an adverse influence on the breeding value of bulls by increasing perinatal mortality and calving difficulty. The standard errors of the investigated parameters were relatively high, suggesting that any attempts to modify gestation length for the purpose of improving calving ease and reducing stillbirth rates should be introduced with great caution.
Cytokine-Mediated Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Bone homeostasis, which involves formation and resorption, is an important process for maintaining adequate bone mass in humans. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity, and is a representative disease of disrupted bone homeostasis. The bone loss and joint destruction are mediated by immunological insults by proinflammatory cytokines and various immune cells. The connection between bone and immunity has been intensely studied and comprises the emerging field of osteoimmunology. Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary science investigating the interplay between the skeletal and the immune systems. The main contributors in osteoimmunology are the bone effector cells, such as osteoclasts or osteoblasts, and the immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and monocytes. Physiologically, osteoclasts originate from immune cells, and immune cells regulate osteoblasts and vice versa. Pathological conditions such as RA might affect these interactions, thereby altering bone homeostasis, resulting in the unfavorable outcome of bone destruction. In this review, we describe the osteoclastogenic roles of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells that are important in the pathophysiology of RA.
Multitissue assessment of in vivo postprandial intracellular lipid partitioning in rats using localized 1H‐[13C] magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Excess accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver has been implicated in the development of obesity‐related disorders, but the cause of this ectopic lipid overload remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo postprandial lipid partitioning in rat skeletal muscle and liver, using localized 1H‐[13C] magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with the oral administration of 13C‐labeled lipids. Six rats were measured at baseline and 5 and 24 h after administration of 400 mg [U‐13C]‐labeled algal lipids. Five hours after administration, fractional 13C enrichments of the lipid pools in muscle and liver were increased 3.9‐fold and 4.6‐fold (P < 0.05), respectively, indicating that part of the ingested lipids had been taken up by muscle and liver tissue. At 24 h, fractional 13C enrichments of muscle and liver lipids were decreased 1.6‐fold and 2.2‐fold (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with the 5 h values. This can be interpreted as a depletion of 13C‐labeled lipids from the intracellular lipid pools as a consequence of lipid turnover. In conclusion, the novel application of 1H‐[13C] magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with the oral administration of 13C‐labeled lipids is applicable for the longitudinal assessment of in vivo lipid partitioning between multiple tissues. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D Heat and Particle Fluxes in Wendelstein 7-X

W7-X in its recent campaign with an uncooled fine-grain graphite divertor investigated for the first time in full detail a concept of an island divertor, which uses intrinsic large, low resonance island chains at the plasma edge to form heat and particle exhaust channels. The measured strike line width is of up to 11 centimeters with its 3D geometry strongly depending on the magnetic configuration. We observe significant increase of wetted area (strike line width) with the magnetic field line connection length as well as plasma density and input power.
Identification and detoxification of glycolaldehyde, an unattended bioethanol fermentation inhibitor

Abstract Although there have been approximately 60 chemical compounds identified as potent fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate, our research group recently discovered glycolaldehyde as a key fermentation inhibitor during second generation biofuel production. Accordingly, we have developed a yeast S. cerevisiae strain exhibiting tolerance to glycolaldehyde. During this glycolaldehyde study, we established novel approaches for rational engineering of inhibitor-tolerant S. cerevisiae strains, including engineering redox cofactors and engineering the SUMOylation pathway. These new technical dimensions provide a novel platform for engineering S. cerevisiae strains to overcome one of the key barriers for industrialization of lignocellulosic ethanol production. As such, this review discusses novel biochemical insight of glycolaldehyde in the context of the biofuel industry.
Evaluation and comparison of Ga-68 DOTA-TATE and Ga-68 DOTA-NOC PET/CT imaging in well-differentiated thyroid cancer

BackgroundSomatostatin receptor (Sstr) scintigraphy with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues has been used extensively for the diagnosis and therapy of Sstr-expressing tumours. It has been shown that well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) cells have a high expression of Sstr2, Sstr3 and Sstr5. Hence, WDTC cells could be an ideal target for the evaluation of lesion uptake of Ga-68 DOTA-1-NaI3-octreotide (DOTA-NOC), which has a high affinity not only to Sstr2 but also to Sstr3 and Sstr5. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of Ga-68 DOTA-NOC as a target for Sstr2-expressing, Sstr3-expressing and Sstr5-expressing tumours in WDTC patients and to compare the results with those of Ga-68 DOTA-TATE in the same patient population. MethodThirteen patients with WDTC were included in our study: nine with papillary thyroid cancer, three with Hurthle cell carcinoma and one with follicular thyroid carcinoma. All patients had elevated serum thyroglobulin levels and negative post-therapeutic I-131 whole-body scans, which were obtained after the last radioiodine treatment. All patients had undergone two consecutive PET imaging studies with Ga-68 DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTA-TATE) and Ga-68 DOTA-NOC, respectively. All images were evaluated visually, and maximum standardized uptake values were calculated. ResultsBoth Ga-68 DOTA-TATE and Ga-68 DOTA-NOC PET images gave comparable results. Among the 13 patients, imaging with both Ga-68 DOTA-TATE and Ga-68 DOTA-NOC gave negative results in five (38%) patients and positive results in eight (62%) patients. A total of 45 lesions were identified on Ga-68 DOTA-TATE images and 42 on Ga-68 DOTA-NOC images; three lesions were missed. Lesion uptake was significantly higher on Ga-68 DOTA-TATE images. Maximum standardized uptake values of Ga-68 DOTA-TATE and Ga-68 DOTA-NOC were 12.9±9.1 and 6.3±4.1 (n=54, P<0.001), respectively. ConclusionOur study suggested that Ga-68 DOTA-TATE has a higher lesion uptake even in WDTC patients and may have potential advantage over Ga-68 DOTA-NOC.
Improvement of Hall Effect Current Transducer Metrological Performances in the Presence of Harmonic Distortion

The performance of Hall effect current transducers (HECTs), under distorted waveform conditions, is usually characterized by means of a frequency response test. In this paper, it was investigated if frequency response is able to correctly evaluate the ratio and the phase errors under distorted conditions. Two HECTs, with the accuracy class level of 1% and 0.5%, respectively, were experimentally characterized under two conditions: 1) sinusoidal excitation with frequencies ranging from 50 to 750 Hz, which is the well-known frequency response test, and 2) nonsinusoidal excitation using fundamental frequency and one harmonic with adjusted amplitude and phase shift. It was found that ratio and phase errors are weakly affected by the harmonic amplitude and phase shift, with respect to the fundamental in the accuracy level of 0.1% and 0.05°. They have, instead, a strong dependence from conductor location in the HECT window. These results suggest that the frequency response approach for the evaluation of HECT performance, under distorted waveform conditions, can be used for an error compensation method only if the position of the primary conductor is known. An error compensation method, based on the frequency response, was implemented and tested with a distorted waveform composed of fundamental and many harmonics. For each of the harmonic components, the errors were reduced to one tenth of the measured ones.
Mixed integer programming for multi-vehicle path planning

This paper presents a new approach to fuel-optimal path planning of multiple vehicles using a combination of linear and integer programming. The basic problem formulation is to have the vehicles move from an initial dynamic state to a final state without colliding with each other, while at the same time avoiding other stationary and moving obstacles. It is shown that this problem can be rewritten as a linear program with mixed integer/linear constraints that account for the collision avoidance. A key benefit of this approach is that the path optimization can be readily solved using the CPLEX optimization software with an AMPL/Matlab interface. An example is worked out to show that the framework of mixed integer/linear programming is well suited for path planning and collision avoidance problems. Implementation issues are also considered. In particular, we compare receding horizon strategies with fixed arrival time approaches.
Investigation of medical waste management in Gansu province, China

Medical waste is a special category of waste with potential health and environment risks. The present study aimed to explore the current status of medical waste management in western China. Seventy-four healthcare facilities were selected to assess the general status of medical waste management based upon a designed questionnaire survey. The surveyed results showed that the quantities of average medical waste generation were 0.79, 0.59 and 0.61 kg bed−1 day−1 in tertiary, secondary and primary hospitals, respectively. The incomplete segregation of domestic and medical waste generated a higher quantity of medical waste in primary hospitals (0.61 kg bed−1 day−1) than that in secondary hospitals. Furthermore, the effective implementation of the medical waste management system depended on national regulations, occupational safety, internal policies and administration and the qualifications and competence of the directors of the waste management department in the healthcare facilities. Therefore, sufficient training programmes and protective measures should be provided by healthcare facilities to all relevant personnel and adequate financial support and effective administrative monitoring should be performed by local authorities.
Prevalence and Prognostic Association of Circulating Troponin in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Objective: Circulating cardiac troponin has been associated with adverse prognosis in the acute respiratory distress syndrome in small and single-center studies; however, comprehensive studies of myocardial injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome using modern high-sensitivity troponin assays, which can detect troponin at much lower circulating concentrations, have not been performed. Design: We performed a prospective cohort study. Setting: We included patients enrolled in previously completed trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients: One thousand fifty-seven acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were included. Interventions: To determine the association of circulating high-sensitivity troponin I (Abbott ARCHITECT), with acute respiratory distress syndrome outcomes, we measured high-sensitivity troponin I within 24 hours of intubation. The primary outcome was 60-day mortality. Measurements and Main Results: Detectable high-sensitivity troponin I was present in 94% of patients; 38% of patients had detectable levels below the 99th percentile of a healthy reference population (26 ng/L), whereas 56% of patients had levels above the 99th percentile cut point. After multivariable adjustment, age, cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome, temperature, heart rate, vasopressor use, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, creatinine, and PCO2 were associated with higher high-sensitivity troponin I concentration. After adjustment for age, sex, and randomized trial assignment, the hazard ratio for 60-day mortality comparing the fifth to the first quintiles of high-sensitivity troponin I was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.11–2.32; p trend = 0.003). Adjusting for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score suggested that this association was not independent of disease severity (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64–1.39; p = 0.93). Conclusions: Circulating troponin is detectable in over 90% of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and is associated with degree of critical illness. The magnitude of myocardial injury correlated with mortality.