Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Failure of Rolle's Theorem in Infinite-Dimensional Banach Spaces

We prove the following new characterization of Cp Lipschitz) smoothness in Banach spaces. An infinite-dimensional Banach space X has a Cp smooth (Lipschitz) bump function if and only if it has another Cp smooth (Lipschitz) bump function f such that its derivative does not vanish at any point in the interior of the support of f (that is, f does not satisfy Rolle's theorem). Moreover, the support of this bump can be assumed to be a smooth starlike body. The ``twisted tube'' method we use in the proof is interesting in itself, as it provides other useful characterizations of Cp smoothness related to the existence of a certain kind of deleting diffeomorphisms, as well as to the failure of Brouwer's fixed point theorem even for smooth self-mappings of starlike bodies in all infinite-dimensional spaces.
Changing the composition of buffered eye-drops prevents undesired side effects

Purpose The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT) is used to analyse the clinical observations of corneal calcification attributed to the presence of phosphate within applied eye-drops used in treating glaucoma, Still–Chauffard syndrome, ocular burns and dry eyes. Method Live corneas from abattoir rabbit eyes were cultured in order to study epithelial healing following mechanical abrasion of the corneal surface combined with repeated exposure to various eye-drops. Results Obvious corneal calcification of the wound area along with a complete epithelial healing covering the calcified area was observed following exposure to phosphate hyaluronate eye-drops. Epithelial healing without calcification was achieved using citrate hyaluronate eye-drops. Conclusion Clinical observations show that topical use of artificial tears containing phosphate on injured eyes may lead to sight-threatening corneal complications. Simulation of such treatment conditions by the EVEIT convincingly demonstrates that changes in the composition of the pharmaceutically used treatments can prevent this undesired side effect. Although considerable healing was achieved during the repeated application of eye-drops, using either a phosphate or citrate buffer, only the drops containing citrate did not develop corneal calcification on the eye. The authors therefore recommend discontinuing the use of phosphate-buffered eye-drops, or other topically applied solutions, to avoid further injury to the patient.
Understanding How Lifelong Learning Shapes the Career Trajectories of Women with STEM Doctorates: The Life Experiences and Role Negotiations (LEARN) Model

Abstract:We developed the Life Experiences and Role Negotiations (LEARN) Model of the Career Trajectories of Women STEM Doctorates to shift the current research paradigm on women in STEM from explaining gender differences in career/educational outcomes and decisions at particular points to understanding how cumulative learning shapes career decisions across a lifespan. Our model is based on a comprehensive view of the historical and contemporary literature and has the potential to guide future research and new interventions. This model adds the missing longitudinal dimension to the study of women's careers and deepens our understanding of what experiences influence these career decisions.
Ecto-Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase Activities in Trypanosomatids:Possible Roles in Infection, Virulence and Purine Recycling

Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (ecto-NTPDases), also known as ecto-ATPases and/or ecto- apyrases, are integral membrane glycoproteins or soluble enzymes that are dependent on divalent cations. These ecto- enzymes are important ecto-nucleotidases that are characterized by the ability to hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates to the monophosphate form. The hydrolysis of nucleoside monophosphates to nucleosides such as adenosine may then be catalyzed by the action of ecto-5´nucleotidases. The present study reviews the sequential hy- drolysis of ATPADPAMPadenosine catalyzed by these ecto-enzymes from different trypanosomatids. These reactions participate in the salvage of purines in these parasites and simultaneously interfere with the establishment of in- fection and changes in the host immune response.
Landscape scale effects of fuel management or fire on water resources: The future of cumulative effects analysis?

Wildfire may pose serious threats to both direct (for example, heating, dissolved toxic gases) and indirect (for instance, post-fire floods, erosion, changing habitat), aquatic ecosystems (Dunham and others 2003; Gresswell 1999). There is, however, increasing recognition that major flood, erosion, and mass wasting events after fires can also be important to the formation of complex habitats that are beneficial in the long-term (Bisson and others 2003; Reeves and others 1995).
Enzymatically crosslinked gelatin hydrogel promotes the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells

Gelatin hydrogel crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase (mTG) exhibits excellent performance in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. We examined the gelation time and gel strength of gelatin/mTG hydrogels in various proportions to investigate their physical properties and tested their degradation performances in vitro. Cell morphology and viability of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) cultured on the 2D gel surface or in 3D hydrogel encapsulation were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation was tested via Alamar Blue assay. To investigate the hydrogel effect on cell differentiation, the cardiac-specific gene expression levelsof Nkx2.5, Myh6, Gja1, and Mef2c in encapsulated ADSCs with or without cardiac induction medium were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Cell release from the encapsulated status and cell migration in a 3D hydrogel model were assessed in vitro. Results show that the gelatin/mTG hydrogels are not cytotoxic and that their mechanical properties are adjustable. Hydrogel degradation is related to gel concentration and the resident cells. Cell growth morphology and proliferative capability in both 2D and 3D cultures were mainly affected by gel concentration. PCR result shows that hydrogel modulus together with induction medium affects the cardiac differentiation of ADSCs. The cell migration experiment and subcutaneous implantation show that the hydrogels are suitable for cell delivery.
MONOTONE NORMALITY , MEASURES

We show that a compact Hausdorr, hereditarily Lin-dell of, monolithic, monotonically normal space has a monolithic hyperspace. This generalises a result of M. Bell for ordered spaces. A consistent example of a non-monotonically normal space with a monolithic hyperspace is given. We also show that every mono-tonically normal compact space is measure separable in the sense of Kunen and D zamonja. 1. Introduction and notation A key role in this paper will be played by the notion of monotone normality. Monotonically normal spaces are a common generalisation of both metric and ordered spaces and have recently received quite a lot of attention in the literature. We will rst recall the deenition:
Shape Optimization of Cylindrical Shell for Interior Noise

In this paper an analytic method is used to solve for the cross spectral density of the interior acoustic response of a cylinder with nonuniform thickness subjected to turbulent boundary layer excitation. The cylinder is of honeycomb core construction with the thickness of the core material expressed as a cosine series in the circumferential direction. The coefficients of this series are used as the design variable in the optimization study. The objective function is the space and frequency averaged acoustic response. Results confirm the presence of multiple local minima as previously reported and demonstrate the potential for modest noise reduction.
A validation of HCAS: The host community acculturation scale

In the current study, we tested the construct and predictive validity of the six-factor host community acculturation scale (HCAS; Bourhis, Barrette, & Moriconi, in press; Bourhis & Bougie, 1998) in the Italian social context. The HCAS was applied considering two domains (cultural heritage and employment), and three target groups (the general category of Immigrants, Chinese, Albanians). Results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, both in the culture and employment domain. The predictive validity of HCAS was tested by applying multiple regression with latent variables. We used as predictors: social dominance orientation, right-wing and left-wing political orientation, identification with the Italian ingroup; acculturation orientations were the dependent variables. Overall, findings supported the construct and predictive validity of the scale.
Conceptual frameworks for health systems performance: a quest for effectiveness, quality, and improvement.

ISSUES Countries and international organizations have recently renewed their interest in how health systems perform. This has led to the development of performance indicators for monitoring, assessing, and managing health systems to achieve effectiveness, equity, efficiency, and quality. Although the indicators populate conceptual frameworks, it is often not very clear just what the underlying concepts might be or how effectiveness is conceptualized and measured. Furthermore, there is a gap in the knowledge of how the resultant performance data are used to stimulate improvement and to ensure health care quality. ADDRESSING THE ISSUES This paper therefore explores, individually, the conceptual bases, effectiveness and its indicators, as well as the quality improvement dynamics of the performance frameworks of the UK, Canada, Australia, US, World Health Organization, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. RESULTS We see that they all conceive health and health system performance in one or more supportive frameworks, but differ in concepts and operations. Effectiveness often implies, nationally, the achievement of high quality outcomes of care, or internationally, the efficient achievement of system objectives, or both. Its indicators are therefore mainly outcome and, less so, process measures. The frameworks are linked to a combination of tools and initiatives to stimulate and manage performance and quality improvement. CONCLUSIONS These dynamics may ensure the proper environment for these conceptual frameworks where, alongside objectives such as equity and efficiency, effectiveness (therefore, quality) becomes the core of health systems performance.
EFFICIENT SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF THE FAMA-FRENCH MODEL AND EXTENSIONS

This paper develops a new estimation procedure for characteristic-based factor models of stock returns. We treat the factor model as a weighted additive nonparametric regression model, with the factor returns serving as time-varying weights and a set of univariate nonparametric functions relating security characteristic to the associated factor betas. We use a time-series and cross-sectional pooled weighted additive nonparametric regression methodology to simultaneously estimate the factor returns and characteristic-beta functions. By avoiding the curse of dimensionality, our methodology allows for a larger number of factors than existing semiparametric methods. We apply the technique to the three-factor Fama–French model, Carhart’s four-factor extension of it that adds a momentum factor, and a five-factor extension that adds an own-volatility factor. We find that momentum and own-volatility factors are at least as important, if not more important, than size and value in explaining equity return comovements. We test the multifactor beta pricing theory against a general alternative using a new nonparametric test
Using Operations Research to Reduce Delays for Healthcare

The Institute of Medicine identified "timeliness" as one of six key "aims for improve- ment" in its most recent report on quality. Yet patient delays remain prevalent, resulting in dissatisfaction, adverse clinical consequences, and often, higher costs. This tutorial describes several areas in which patients routinely experience significant and potentially dangerous delays and presents operations research (OR) models that have been developed to help reduce these delays, often at little or no cost. Ialso describe the difficulties in developing and implementing models as well as the factors that increase the likelihood of success. Finally, Idiscuss the opportunities, large and small, for using OR methodologies to significantly impact practices and policies that will affect timely access to healthcare. Healthcare is riddled with delays. The Institute of Medicine (IOM), the major advisory body to the government and the private sector on health-related issues, identified timeliness as one of the six key aims for improvement in its major report on quality of healthcare in 2001. This was in response to the growing evidence of significant delays across the healthcare industry and the impact of these delays on clinical outcomes. Almost all of us have waited for days or weeks to get an appointment with a physician or schedule a procedure, and upon arrival we wait some more until being seen. In hospitals, it is not unusual to find patients backlogged in the emergency department waiting room and on stretchers in hallways waiting for beds. Inpatient falls, which often result in broken bones and serious complications, are known to be more prevalent when nurses are delayed in answering call buttons. Although waiting for service is inconvenient and annoying in other situations, in healthcare, delays can be dangerous or even deadly. This tutorial will describe some of the major types and sources of delay for healthcare, why they exist, and how operations research (OR) approaches can help provide insights and guidance for reducing delays, often with little or no increase in costs. In presenting specific examples, this tutorial will focus more on the contextual issues that are important to consider in developing, implementing, and interpreting the results of models than on the technical details of the models themselves. I will also discuss the regulatory, institutional, and systemic obstacles to using these methodologies to improve patient access to healthcare and look at efforts to reduce or eliminate these obstacles in the future. Finally, drawing from experiences across a range of applications, I will discuss the factors that appear to be most important in the adoption of OR approaches for reducing healthcare delays and how OR can play a role in influencing healthcare policy. 1. Three Sources of Dangerous Healthcare Delays
Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting

Abstract Locally weighted regression, or loess, is a way of estimating a regression surface through a multivariate smoothing procedure, fitting a function of the independent variables locally and in a moving fashion analogous to how a moving average is computed for a time series. With local fitting we can estimate a much wider class of regression surfaces than with the usual classes of parametric functions, such as polynomials. The goal of this article is to show, through applications, how loess can be used for three purposes: data exploration, diagnostic checking of parametric models, and providing a nonparametric regression surface. Along the way, the following methodology is introduced: (a) a multivariate smoothing procedure that is an extension of univariate locally weighted regression; (b) statistical procedures that are analogous to those used in the least-squares fitting of parametric functions; (c) several graphical methods that are useful tools for understanding loess estimates and checking the a.
Dopa responsive dystonia with Turner’s syndrome: clinical, genetic, and neuropsychological studies in a family with a new mutation in the GTP-cyclohydrolase I gene

A 26 year old woman with dopa responsive dystonia and cytogenetically confirmed Turner’s syndrome had bilateral globus pallidus hypointensity on brain MRI. Among the living members of a five generation pedigree the patient’s mother and the mother’s sister also had dopa responsive dystonia; a maternal grandfather had senile parkinsonism, his niece isolated postural tremor. No other family member had Turner’s syndrome. A new missense mutation in exon I of the gene of GTP-cyclohydrolase I was found in the three family members with dopa responsive dystonia. With levodopa substitution the patients with dopa responsive dystonia improved clinically as well as in quantitative tests on hand tapping, verbal and performance IQ, concept formation, and set shifting abilities.
Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi Terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja Pegawai (Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Surabaya)

The aim of the study was to analyze and determine the influence of leadership and communication, on employee motivation and performance at Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Kota Surabaya. Branch, as many as 100 persons. Sampling technique samples (Slovin) data was analyzed with multiple linear regression with SPSS for windows program. The result of the research indicated that leadership, communication, and motivation simultaneously have significant effect on employees’ performances with determination value of 0,424 or 4,24%. Leadership, communication and motivation partially has significant effect on performance. Communication itself has dominant effect on employee’s performance. Keywords: leadership, communication, motivation, and employee performance
Using Comparable Collections of Historical Texts for Building a Diachronic Dictionary for Spelling Normalization

In this paper, we argue that comparable collections of historical written resources can help overcoming typical challenges posed by heritage texts enhancing spelling normalization, POS-tagging and subsequent diachronic linguistic analyses. Thus, we present a comparable corpus of historical German recipes and show how such a comparable text collection together with the application of innovative MT inspired strategies allow us (i) to address the word form normalization problem and (ii) to automatically generate a diachronic dictionary of spelling variants. Such a diachronic dictionary can be used both for spelling normalization and for extracting new ”translation” (word formation/change) rules for diachronic spelling variants. Moreover, our approach can be applied virtually to any diachronic collection of texts regardless of the time span they represent. A first evaluation shows that our approach compares well with state-of-art approaches.
Racing To Invest? The Dynamics of Competition in Ethical Drug Discovery

Recent advances in the theoretical literature have greatly expanded our understanding of the forces that shape the competitive dynamics of research and development, but a paucity of sufficiently detailed empirical data has left these insights relatively untested. We draw on unusually detailed qualitative and quantitative infernal data provided at the research program level by 10 major pharmaceutical firms to explore the usefulness of the modern literature as a source of insight into the dynamics of competition in ethical drug discovery. Our analysis focuses on one particularly compelling aspect of the literature: the suggestion that in “winner take all situations,” competition in R&D becomes a Prisoner's Dilemma, leading to overinvestment in research. Without adequate measures of the social return to innovation, we can say nothing about whether there is “too much” or “too little” research undertaken by the industry, but our results do not support the suggestion that R&D investment in drug discovery is driven by the “tit-for-tat” or simple reaction function models hinted at by the institutional literature. First, R&D investment is only weakly correlated across firms once common responses to exogenous shocks are accounted far, and second, rivals' R&D results are positively correlated with own research productivity, which we interpret as evidence for extensive R&D spillovers rather than the depletion externality implied by “winner take all” models. These results are not, of themselves, sufficient to reject the hypothesis that investment behavior in the industry is driven by strategic considerations since there is theoretical support for a wide variety of observable behavior as equilibrium outcomes of strategic interaction. Nonetheless, they suggest that the more extreme forms of rent dissipation identified in the literature are probably poor characterizations of the reality of competition in pharmaceuticals. Our results point both to the need to develop theories that incorporate richer models of possible payoff structures, adjustment costs, and firm heterogeneity and to the need to collect empirical data that is comprehensive enough to enable one to test them.
Wnt signaling and cancer.

The regulation of cell growth and survival can be subverted by a variety of genetic defects that alter transcriptional programs normally responsible for controlling cell number. High throughput analysis of these gene expression patterns should ultimately lead to the identification of minimal expression profiles that will serve as common denominators in assigning a cancer to a given category. In the course of defining the common denominators, though, we should not be too surprised to find that cancers within a single category may nevertheless exhibit seemingly disparate genetic defects. The wnt pathway has already provided an outstanding example of this. We now know of three regulatory genes in this pathway that are mutated in primary human cancers and several others that promote experimental cancers in rodents (Fig. 1). In all of these cases the common denominator is the activation of gene transcription by -catenin. The resulting gene expression profile should provide us with a signature common to those cancers carrying defects in the wnt pathway. In this review, the wnt pathway will be covered from the perspective of cancer, with emphasis placed on molecular defects known to promote neoplastic transformation in humans and in animal models.
A Multithreaded Substrate and Compilation Model for the Implicitly Parallel Language Ph a Multithreaded Substrate and Compilation Model for the Implicitly Parallel Language Ph

We describe the compilation of the non-strict, implicitly parallel language pH to symmetric multipro-cessors (SMPs) in several steps. We introduce the S calculus as a robust foundation for the semantics of pH. Next, we deene a shared-memory threaded abstract machine (SMT) that captures the essence of our compilation target, a modern SMP. Finally, we describe a complete syntax directed translation of S to SMT instructions. The paper makes three important contributions: it is the rst implementation of pH based on direct semantics of barriers; second, in contrast to earlier work, the multithreaded code generated uses suspensive threads; and third, the compilation rules generate code from S source code directly, without resorting to intermediate dataaow-style graphs.