Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connecting the self to traumatic and positive events: links to identity and well-being

ABSTRACT Self-event connections in autobiographical narratives help integrate specific episodes from memory into the life story, which has implications for identity and well-being. Previous research has distinguished differential relations between positive and negative self-event connections to psychological well-being but less research has examined identity. In this study, examining self-event connections in emerging adults’ narratives, 225 participants narrated a traumatic and an intensely positive experience and completed questionnaires assessing identity development and well-being. Participants who described more negative connections to self overall had higher psychological distress and identity distress, compared to those who described fewer negative connections. Participants who described positive connections to the self in traumatic events were more likely to have lower psychological distress, higher post-traumatic growth, and higher identity commitment, whereas positive connections in positive events was related to higher identity exploration and marginally higher post-traumatic growth. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that suggests linking autobiographical memories to self can have differential effects on identity and well-being depending on the valence of the event and the connections made.
Increased potassium, chloride, and taurine conductances in astrocytes during hypoosmotic swelling

Membrane conductances during hypoosmotic swelling were characterized in rat astrocytes in primary tissue culture. Using whole cell patch clamp techniques, mean ± SEM cell conductance in isoosmotic phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was 55.6 ± 5.8 pS/pF. Cell conductance (mean ± SEM) increased from this initial value to 187 ± 46%, 561 ± 188%, and 1216 ± 376% within 9 min of exposure to 220 mOsm, 190 mOsm, and 145 mOsm PBS, respectively. With each of these hypoosmotic exposures, no change occurred in membrane capacitance. When CsCl replaced KCl in the microelectrode solution, a similar conductance increase was obtained at each osmolality. However, when gluconate salts were used in place of chloride salts in the electrode solution, no significant conductance increase was observed with 190 mOsm PBS. With a KCl microelectrode solution, all conductance increase which occurred in 190 mOsm PBS was inhibited by 200 μM niflumic acid, but not by 5 mM BaCl2. Both niflumic acid and BaCl2 inhibited 60–80% of the conductance increase of cells in 145 mOsm PBS. Using a microelectrode solution containing taurine as the major anion, membrane conductance increased 5‐fold when cells were placed in 250 mOsm medium. This conductance increase was completely inhibited by 200 μM niflumic acid. Thus, independent chloride and potassium conductances are activated by hypoosmotic swelling of cultured astrocytes while plasma membrane area is unaltered. The chloride conductance pathway is activated at a significantly lower degree of hypoosmotic exposure than that which activates the potassium pathway and may be permeable to anionic taurine. These conductance pathways may mediate diffusive loss of potassium, chloride, and taurine from these cells during volume regulation following hypoosmotic swelling. GLIA 20:254–261, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gross Pathology of the Cerebellum in Patients Diagnosed and Treated as Functional Psychiatric Disorders

Nine of 33 patients diagnosed as functional psychosis, who had negative neurological examinations and laboratory studies, showed gross pathological changes of the vermis when the cerebellum was exposed for implantation of a vermal stimulator. These findings motivated us to review the CAT scans done on 264 psychiatric patients as part of their work-up to rule out organic or structural aberration. Although 132 (50 per cent) of these scans were reported as abnormal, only 17 showed pathology of the cerebellum. With careful rereading with attention to the posterior fossa, however, the incidence of cerebellar vermal abnormality proved to be much higher. Of the 96 patients in the series who were diagnosed as functional psychosis, 31 showed pathology of the cerebellar vermis (22 of 65 schizophrenics and 9 of 31 patients with other functional psychosis). Scans of seven patients who had been diagnosed and treated as functional psychosis revealed tumors of the vermis. Scans were then obtained on 20 additional patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. These patients were selected at random from two psychiatric services, excluding only those patients who had findings suggesting organicity or who had histories of alcoholism or electroconvulsive therapy. Twelve of the 20 patients (60 per cent) showed atrophy of the vermis of the cerebellum. Thus a total of 34 of 85 schizophrenic patients (40 per cent) had scans showing pathology of the cerebellar vermis. These data are consistent with data from animal experiments that demonstrate a role for the cerebellar vermis in behavioral pathology and epilepsy.
Self-Assembly in Physical Autonomous Robots - the Evolutionary Robotics Approach

This research work illustrates the details of a methodologi cal approach to the design of homogeneous neuro-controllers for self-assembly in physical autonomous robots in which no assumptions are made concerning how agents allocate roles. Artificial evolution is used to set the parameters of a dynamical neural network that when ported on two physical robots allows them to coordinate their actions in order to decide who will grip whom. The neural network directly controls the state of all the actuators. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first example in which physical robots manage to self-assemble without relying on a priori injected morphological or behavioural heterogeneities. The results shed a lig ht on the minimal requirements necessary to achieve self-assembly in autonomous robots.
Conceptualizations of Teamwork and Leadership: A Cross- Cultural Analysis

The present study investigated differences in the conceptualization of teamwork and leadership in two countries with culturally diverse backgrounds, Romania and the United States. We expected to find between-culture differences in the conceptualizations of teamwork and leadership based on cultural antecedents (collectivistic societal and in-group values). We also investigated a potential cultural shift in the Romanian nation, based on age. The conceptualizations of teamwork and leadership were examined and compared using Pathfinder. The Romanian sample displayed higher collectivistic values than the U.S. sample. A cultural shift was observed in the Romanian nation, such that the younger participants reported lower collectivistic in-group values and higher collectivistic societal values when compared to the older Romanian participants. Unexpectedly, the younger U.S. participants reported higher collectivistic in-group values than the older U.S. participants. The older Romanian participants’ teamwork schemas displayed lower coherence than the older U.S. participants’ teamwork schemas. However, a comparison of the younger groups’ (Romanian and U.S.) teamwork schema structure revealed that their average coherences did not differ. A comparison of leadership schemas revealed that the younger Romanian’s schema structure was less coherent than that of the younger U.S. participants. Similarly, the older Romanian participants’ leadership schema displayed lower coherence than that of the older U.S. participants’. In the present study, collectivistic societal and in-group values did not correlate significantly with either teamwork or leadership schema coherence.
Capacity and Optimal Resource Allocation for Fading Broadcast Channels — Part I : Ergodic Capacity

In multiuser wireless systems, dynamic resource allocation between users and over time significantly improves efficiency and performance. In this two-part paper, we study three types of capacity regions for fading broadcast channels and obtain their corresponding optimal resource allocation strategies: the ergodic (Shannon) capacity region, the zero-outage capacity region, and the outage capacity region with nonzero outage. In Part I, we derive the ergodic capacity region of an -user fading broadcast channel for code division (CD), time division (TD), and frequency division (FD), assuming that both the transmitter and the receivers have perfect channel side information (CSI). It is shown that by allowing dynamic resource allocation, TD, FD, and CD without successive decoding have the same ergodic capacity region, while optimal CD has a larger region. Optimal resource allocation policies are obtained for these different spectrum-sharing techniques. A simple suboptimal policy is also proposed for TD and CD without successive decoding that results in a rate region quite close to the ergodic capacity region. Numerical results are provided for different fading broadcast channels. In Part II, we obtain analogous results for the zero-outage capacity region and the outage capacity region.
Performance Testing of Data Delivery Techniques for AJAX Applications

AJAX applications are designed to have high user interactivity and low user-perceived latency. Real-time dynamic web data such as news headlines, stock tickers, and auction updates need to be propagated to the users as soon as possible. However, AJAX still suffers from the limitations of the Web's request/response architecture which prevents servers from pushing real-time dynamic web data. Such applications usually use a pull style to obtain the latest updates, where the client actively requests the changes based on a predefined interval. It is possible to overcome this limitation by adopting a push style of interaction where the server broadcasts data when a change occurs on the server side. Both these options have their own trade-offs. This paper first introduces the characteristics of both pull and push approaches. It then presents the design and implementation of our distributed test framework, called CHIRON, where different AJAX applications based on each approach can be automatically tested on. Finally, we present and discuss the results of our empirical study comparing different web-based data delivery approaches.
Topological lines in 3D tensor fields

Visualization of 3D tensor fields continues to be a major challenge in terms of providing intuitive and uncluttered images that allow the users to better understand their data. The primary focus of this paper is on finding a formulation that lends itself to a stable numerical algorithm for extracting stable and persistent topological features from 2nd order real symmetric 3D tensors. While features in 2D tensors can be identified as either wedge or trisector points, in 3D, the corresponding stable features are lines, not just points. These topological feature lines provide a compact representation of the 3D tensor field and are essential in helping scientists and engineers understand their complex nature. Existing techniques work by finding degenerate points and are not numerically stable, and worse, produce both false positive and false negative feature points. This work seeks to address this problem with a robust algorithm that can extract these features in a numerically stable, accurate, and complete manner.
International student recruitment: South African rationales

In this paper, we focus on the rationales for the recruitment of international students to universities in South Africa. Through the use of in-depth interviews with international officers at a cross-section of South African universities, we argue that there are competing and complementary rationales for the recruitment of international students. Some South African universities follow international trends in terms of international student recruitment while others adopt a different approach. The analysis locates the rationales of international student recruitment as part of an internationalisation process within the context of globalisation. Dans cet article, nous nous focalisons sur les raisons derriere le recrutement des etudiants internationaux dans les universites de l'Afrique du Sud. Base sur des interviews approfondies que nous avons menees avec les agents internationaux mandates par les universites en Afrique du Sud, nous soutenons qu'il existe des raisons d'ordre competitif et complementaire qui expliquent le recrutement d'etudiants internationaux. Certaines universites sud africaines suivent la tendance de tels recrutement alors que d'autres adoptent une approche differente. Cette analyse identifie les raison du recrutement des etudiants internationaux dans le cadre du processus d'internationalisation dans le contexte de la globalisation.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for distinguishing serological responses of lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosies to the 29/33-kilodalton doublet and 64-kilodalton antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Immunoblot assays for the antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis sonic extracts showed that all serum specimens of 40 lepromatous and of 28 tuberculoid leprosy patients reacted in a significant manner to 29/33-kilodalton (kDa) doublet and 64-kDa antigens, respectively. By using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we observed a significantly high immunoglobulin G antibody titer to the purified M. tuberculosis 29/33-kDa doublet and 64-kDa antigens in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients, respectively, as compared with normal subjects and tuberculosis patients. This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology may be useful for distinguishing two polar types of leprosy and for diagnosing leprosy in general.
ACIST-FFR Study (Assessment of Catheter-Based Interrogation and Standard Techniques for Fractional Flow Reserve Measurement)

Background— Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide coronary revascularization lags despite robust supportive data, partly because of the handling characteristics of traditional coronary pressure wires. An optical pressure-monitoring microcatheter, which can be advanced over a traditional coronary guidewire, facilitates FFR assessment but may underestimate pressure wire–derived FFR. Methods and Results— In this prospective, multicenter trial, 169 patients underwent FFR assessment with a pressure wire alone and with a pressure microcatheter over the pressure wire. An independent core laboratory performed quantitative coronary angiography and evaluated all pressure tracings. The primary end point was the bias or difference between the microcatheter FFR and the pressure wire FFR, as assessed by Bland–Altman analysis. The mean difference between the microcatheter and the pressure wire–derived FFR values was −0.022 (95% confidence interval, −0.029 to −0.015). On multivariable analysis, reference vessel diameter (P=0.027) and lesion length (P=0.044) were independent predictors of bias between the 2 FFR measurements. When the microcatheter FFR was added to this model, it was the only independent predictor of bias (P<0.001). The mean FFR value from the microcatheter was significantly lower than from the pressure wire (0.81 versus 0.83; P<0.001). In 3% of cases (95% confidence interval, 1.3%–6.7%), there was clinically meaningful diagnostic discordance, with the FFR from the pressure wire >0.80 and that from the microcatheter <0.75. These findings were similar when including all 210 patients with site-reported paired FFR data. Conclusions— An optical, pressure-monitoring microcatheter measures lower FFR compared with a pressure wire, but the diagnostic impact appears to be minimal in most cases. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02577484.
Botulism in New South Wales, 1980‐1981

The isolation of Clostridium botulinum from the home environment of New South Wales patients with infant botulism is reported. Of the three cases of infant botulism type B, the bacteria were isolated from soil around the dwelling in one, and from tank rainwater in another. In one case with type A, the bacteria were present in the soil, vacuum-cleaner dust, and tank rainwater. The bacteria were not detected in the environment of two adult patients and a child with C. botulinum in their stools. The home location of the patients with infant botulism, and the frequency of isolation of the bacteria from rainwater, soil and vacuum-cleaner dust in Cobar, Nyngan, some Sydney suburbs, and at five pastoral homesteads suggest that infants in rural areas are more at risk than those in large metropolitan areas. The age of the infants with diagnosed botulism in New South Wales, compared with those reported in the United States data, strongly suggests that the disease is not being fully recognised in younger infants.
Improving application security with data flow assertions

Resin is a new language runtime that helps prevent security vulnerabilities, by allowing programmers to specify application-level data flow assertions. Resin provides policy objects, which programmers use to specify assertion code and metadata; data tracking, which allows programmers to associate assertions with application data, and to keep track of assertions as the data flow through the application; and filter objects, which programmers use to define data flow boundaries at which assertions are checked. Resin's runtime checks data flow assertions by propagating policy objects along with data, as that data moves through the application, and then invoking filter objects when data crosses a data flow boundary, such as when writing data to the network or a file. Using Resin, Web application programmers can prevent a range of problems, from SQL injection and cross-site scripting, to inadvertent password disclosure and missing access control checks. Adding a Resin assertion to an application requires few changes to the existing application code, and an assertion can reuse existing code and data structures. For instance, 23 lines of code detect and prevent three previously-unknown missing access control vulnerabilities in phpBB, a popular Web forum application. Other assertions comprising tens of lines of code prevent a range of vulnerabilities in Python and PHP applications. A prototype of Resin incurs a 33% CPU overhead running the HotCRP conference management application.
Gross primary production responses to warming, elevated CO2, and irrigation: quantifying the drivers of ecosystem physiology in a semiarid grassland

Determining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a future climate of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming requires accurate quantification of gross primary production (GPP), the largest flux of C in the global C cycle. We evaluated 6 years (2007–2012) of flux‐derived GPP data from the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA. The GPP data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems. The model was extended by modeling maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) and light‐use efficiency (Q) as functions of soil water, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, vegetation greenness, and nitrogen at current and antecedent (past) timescales. The model fits the observed GPP well (R2 = 0.79), which was confirmed by other model performance checks that compared different variants of the model (e.g. with and without antecedent effects). Stimulation of cumulative 6‐year GPP by warming (29%, P = 0.02) and eCO2 (26%, P = 0.07) was primarily driven by enhanced C uptake during spring (129%, P = 0.001) and fall (124%, P = 0.001), respectively, which was consistent across years. Antecedent air temperature (Tairant) and vapor pressure deficit (VPDant) effects on Amax (over the past 3–4 days and 1–3 days, respectively) were the most significant predictors of temporal variability in GPP among most treatments. The importance of VPDant suggests that atmospheric drought is important for predicting GPP under current and future climate; we highlight the need for experimental studies to identify the mechanisms underlying such antecedent effects. Finally, posterior estimates of cumulative GPP under control and eCO2 treatments were tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The narrow uncertainties of these data‐driven GPP estimates suggest that they could be useful semi‐independent data streams for validating TBMs.
Preservice Teacher Education Students' Dialogue Journals: What Characterizes Students' Reflective Writing and a Teacher's Comments.

Training teachers as reflective practitioners is an important element in many teacher education programs. Teacher education literature indicates that journal writing is an approach that fosters reflection, and is an effective source of dialogue between student and teacher. This document reports on an action research study on the use of journals in the development of reflective practitioners by investigating both student and teacher comments. The participants, 15 students enrolled in an "Approaches to Teaching" course, were required to keep a reflective dialogue journal as a class assignment. Additional data were gathered from sources such as interviews, questionnaires, and class lesson plans and notes. Analysis of the data identified six reflective writing modes for students: descriptive/narrative, affective, metacognitive, meta-affective, connective/extensive, and proflective writing. Teacher comments were characterized as affirming, think more or nudging, personal connection, give information, and little/no reaction. While the preservice teachers' journals displayed entries in all six modes, the descriptive/narrative and affective modes were used most frequently. These pre-reflective modes served as a foundation for developing the other four modes. In the metacognitive and meta-affective modes of writing, students began to move beyond description to recognition of their own understanding, emotions, and beliefs, and finally to substantive reflection in the connective/extensive and proflective modes. The teacher responded with a type of comment appropriate to the students' journal entry. (Contains 59 references.) (ND) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********i.A;,***************************************** PRESERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENTS' DIALOGUE JOURNALS: WHAT CHARACTERIZES STUDENTS' REFLECTIVE WRITING AND A TEACHER'S COMMENTS Christine A. Krol Department of Teaching, Leadership, and Curriculum Studies Kent State University 101:,: . 141' t (.1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office ol Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O Thrs document has been reproduced as recerved from the person or orgarfizatron origmating rt C Mmor changes have been made to improve reproductron ouatrty Porres of view or opmrons ststeo INS doCument do not necessaMy represent of float OERI positron Or policy Paper prepared for presentation at the Association of Teacher Educators 76th Annual Meeting St. Louis, Missouri February 24-28, 1996