Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adapting Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Treat Severe Conduct Problems With Callous-Unemotional Traits

Children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits (i.e., lack of empathy, guilt, and lack of caring behaviors)(CP + CU) show poor response to empirically supported interventions for treating disruptive behaviors. Children with CP + CU are specifically less responsive to discipline components of parent training, although they respond well to reward-based behavioral strategies. This case study presents the treatment of a 5-year-old boy with severe disruptive behavior (CP, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and pronounced CU traits using Parent–Child Interaction Therapy, followed by the delivery of an adjunctive token economy system. Interventions that treat children with CP + CU are critically needed and have the potential for significant societal impact given the stability of their traits and severe behavioral outcomes. Findings from this case report (a) document an improvement in CP that was maintained to follow-up and (b) provide preliminary support for adapting parent-training interventions to modify severe CP in young children with CU traits.
Claiming place: the production of young men's street meeting places in accra, ghana

Abstract This article discusses the social significance of the street to young men through a case study of their street meeting places, ‘the bases’ in Accra, Ghana. Drawing on field research in a suburb of Accra, the paper explores how such meeting places are produced, claimed and defended. The aim is to contribute to discussions of the relationship between the marginalization of young men in Africa, the appropriation of street space and the production of youth identities. The article illuminates how bases are produced in an urban landscape characterized by rapid change, in which young men are excluded from meaningful work and influence, and tend to be represented as a problem. Describing how these meeting places are interpreted both from the outside and from within, the article illustrates the heterogeneous character of such places and the multiple meanings ascribed to them. While hordes of young men hanging out on the street tend to be viewed by the surrounding world as either potentially dangerous or as a sign of marginalization and immobility, the paper stresses that for the young men themselves, these places are also full of motion and serve to orient their lives socially and materially.
Social inequality and the diagnosis of paranoia

Abstract One of the obstacles to understanding the links between social inequality and mental health distress is the reliance on heterogeneous diagnostic categories. In this paper, it is argued that a solution to this problem is to explore more homogenous experiences of distress. This paper investigates one particular form of distress: paranoia. The relationship between social inequality and paranoia is then examined, focusing on two aspects. Firstly, it is argued that social inequality might affect the experience of paranoia itself since the experience of the surveillance encountered in the everyday use of public space may vary depending on one’s location in social categories like gender, ‘race’ and culture and class (these social categories are, of course, themselves stratified by social inequality). Secondly, mental health service users’ locations in these categories may influence the way that the plausibility of ostensibly paranoid claims are evaluated by mental health professionals. Within the discussion of each category, links are drawn between community and clinical samples to understand how the experience of paranoia may be influenced by these social categories. The paper concludes with implications for research and policy.
Deficient and Null Variants of SERPINA1 Are Proteotoxic in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) predisposes patients to both loss-of-function (emphysema) and gain-of-function (liver cirrhosis) phenotypes depending on the type of mutation. Although the Z mutation (ATZ) is the most prevalent cause of ATD, >120 mutant alleles have been identified. In general, these mutations are classified as deficient (<20% normal plasma levels) or null (<1% normal levels) alleles. The deficient alleles, like ATZ, misfold in the ER where they accumulate as toxic monomers, oligomers and aggregates. Thus, deficient alleles may predispose to both gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes. Null variants, if translated, typically yield truncated proteins that are efficiently degraded after being transiently retained in the ER. Clinically, null alleles are only associated with the loss-of-function phenotype. We recently developed a C. elegans model of ATD in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of proteotoxicity (gain-of-function phenotype) induced by the aggregation-prone deficient allele, ATZ. The goal of this study was to use this C. elegans model to determine whether different types of deficient and null alleles, which differentially affect polymerization and secretion rates, correlated to any extent with proteotoxicity. Animals expressing the deficient alleles, Mmalton, Siiyama and S (ATS), showed overall toxicity comparable to that observed in patients. Interestingly, Siiyama expressing animals had smaller intracellular inclusions than ATZ yet appeared to have a greater negative effect on animal fitness. Surprisingly, the null mutants, although efficiently degraded, showed a relatively mild gain-of-function proteotoxic phenotype. However, since null variant proteins are degraded differently and do not appear to accumulate, their mechanism of proteotoxicity is likely to be different to that of polymerizing, deficient mutants. Taken together, these studies showed that C. elegans is an inexpensive tool to assess the proteotoxicity of different AT variants using a transgenic approach.
The Use of Advance Information for Motor Preparation in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Cueing and Compatibility between Warning and Imperative Stimuli

The ability of 13 Parkinsonian patients and 11 age-matched control subjects to process and use two components of the information given prior to a voluntary movement was studied using reaction time (RT) tasks. This advance information about the direction of a pointing movement was given using a double stimulation paradigm with an auditory warning signal (WS) which occurred prior to a visual imperative signal (IS). The first component of the information was given by the WS at the beginning of each trial, and the second component was the WS-IS compatibility during series of trials. The subjects were tested with three RT paradigms: a cued simple (CS) task, a cued choice (NC) task, and a priming choice (P) task. The results show that the normal subjects used both the lateral cue and the WS-IS compatibility to shorten their RTs, whereas the Parkinsonian patients were able to use the lateral warning signal, but their ability to use the degree of compatibility stimuli was impaired. These data suggest that when dealing with lateral cues in a RT task, Parkinsonian patients have no difficulty in identifying a stimulus and selecting the appropriate response, but that this is no longer so in the case of stimulus compatibility. This impairment may be due to attentional disorders involving a dysfunction affecting the medial premotor system, which includes the basal ganglia and may be responsible for the feedforward movement control deficits associated with Parkinson's disease.
Electrophysiological correlates of second language processing

The aim of this article is to provide a selective review of event-related potential (ERP) research on second language processing. As ERPs have been used in the investigation of a variety of linguistic domains, the reported studies cover different paradigms assessing processing mechanisms in the second language at various levels, ranging from phoneme discrimination to complex sentence processing. Differences between ERP patterns of first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers can help to specify and to test predictions derived from models of L2 processing or hypotheses concerning critical periods for some aspects of second language acquisition. The studies currently available suggest that ERPs are indeed sensitive to qualitative and quantitative differences in L2 speakers with regard to on-line processing.
Yo-ho, yo-ho, a seren’s life for me!

Abstract Historical accounts indicate pirates were able to create culturally mixed tribal entities and identities by incorporating new followers from different cultures into their social structure. This article suggests that upheavals at the end of the Bronze Age inter alia led to the formation of pirate bands of ‘Sea Peoples’ composed of non-elites, including sailors, disenfranchised warriors, mercenaries, workers, craft workers and peasants from the Mediterranean social network. We discuss how historical accounts of piracy may enable us to model the Sea Peoples’ phenomenon through the identification of patterns in pirate culture including social organization and geography and we suggest that piracy was a mechanism for limited migration and transmission of foreign cultural traits. One tribe of these blended cultures, the Peleset, settled among the indigenous Canaanites, forming a new entity, the Philistines. We propose that their leaders assumed the Luwian title tarwanis (seren) or military leader, indicative of their tumultuous past.
Approximate Controllability of a Functional Differential Equation with Deviated Argument

This paper deals with the approximate controllability of a functional differential equation with deviated argument and finite delay. Sufficient condition for approximate controllability is proved under the assumption that the linear control system is approximately controllable; thereby removing the need to assume the invertibility of a controllability operator which fails to exist in infinite dimensional space if the generated semigroup is compact. Schauder fixed point theorem is used and the C0 semigroup associated with mild solution has been replaced by the fundamental solution.
The long-term impact of adverse caregiving environments on epigenetic modifications and telomeres

Early childhood is a sensitive period in which infant-caregiver experiences have profound effects on brain development and behavior. Clinical studies have demonstrated that infants who experience stress and adversity in the context of caregiving are at an increased risk for the development of psychiatric disorders. Animal models have helped to elucidate some molecular substrates of these risk factors, but a complete picture of the biological basis remains unknown. Studies continue to indicate that environmentally-driven epigenetic modifications may be an important mediator between adverse caregiving environments and psychopathology. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which normally represses gene transcription, and microRNA processing, which interferes with both transcription and translation, show long-term changes throughout the brain and body following adverse caregiving. Recent evidence has also shown that telomeres (TTAGGG nucleotide repeats that cap the ends of DNA) exhibit long-term changes in the brain and in the periphery following exposure to adverse caregiving environments. Interestingly, telomeric enzymes and subtelomeric regions are subject to epigenetic modifications—a factor which may play an important role in regulating telomere length and contribute to future mental health. This review will focus on clinical and animal studies that highlight the long-term epigenetic and telomeric changes produced by adverse caregiving in early-life.
Place and Lifestyle Migration: The Discursive Construction of ‘Glocal’ Place-Identity

Abstract International lifestyle migration is a rapidly growing worldwide phenomenon. Within Europe, increasingly large numbers of northern Europeans are moving south in search of what they perceive as a better quality of life. The typical representation of this form of migration suggests that it is consumption-led, tourism-related and leisure-based; it is to be located within late modern, global, elitist, borderless and highly mobile social practices. The question arises as to the role of local place in this type of migration process and in the construction of individual and collective social identities. Using data from advertising texts produced by a residential-tourism resort and from indepth interviews with British residents in the Golden Triangle area of the Algarve, Portugal, this article explores the relationships between discourse, identity, g/local place and lifestyle migration.
Facing Adulthood

Past work in China has revealed that approximately 60% of young people in China consider themselves to be adults. However, no work, prior to this study, has been done examining either the views of Chinese parents regarding their children’s adult status or the criteria that Chinese parents use in determining whether or not their children have reached adulthood. Participants included 92 unmarried college students, ages 18 to 25, and at least one of their parents (83 fathers, 84 mothers). Results revealed that (a) the majority of children and their parents did not yet view their children as adults, and (b) there was disagreement between emerging adult children and their parents in the emphasis they placed on various criteria for adulthood. Discussion will focus on how the traditional Chinese notion of “face” may play an important role in the criteria young people and their parents endorse as necessary for adulthood.
The reproducibility of the iliac crest as a marker of lumbar spine level

The postero‐anterior lumbar spine X rays of 163 patients undergoing investigation for back pain were reviewed and the spinal level marking the intersection of a line joining the iliac crests was determined. This point coincided with the L4 spinous process or the L4–5(interspace in 78.6% of patients but was as high as the L3–4 interspace in 3.7% of cases. Reliance on this landmark might lead to more cranial placement of epidural or spinal needles than was intended and this may increase the risk of spinal cord damage.
Beyond common sense: reconceptualizing National Curriculum assessment

Abstract This article examines the implications of the shift, in England and Wales, from the pre‐Dearing National Curriculum assessment model based on the assessment of performance in relation to statements of attainment, to the post‐Dearing model based on level descriptions. Both the original and r.vised models reflect a common sense view that learning is marked by stepwise acquisition of curricular objectives, with assessment providing robust and interpretable indices of such progress. However, two key shifts in conceptualization have taken place: from a focus on actual performance on individual objectives to idealized performance on complexes of objectives; and from a concept of hierarchical progression to one of cumulative progression. The article highlights some of the central weaknesses of the common sense view, in both its original and revised versions, by reference to the findings of research on assessment in mathematics. Neither model takes sufficient account of the extent to which development a.
Rates and Fitness Consequences of New Mutations in Humans

The human mutation rate per nucleotide site per generation (μ) can be estimated from data on mutation rates at loci causing Mendelian genetic disease, by comparing putatively neutrally evolving nucleotide sequences between humans and chimpanzees and by comparing the genome sequences of relatives. Direct estimates from genome sequencing of relatives suggest that μ is about 1.1 × 10−8, which is about twofold lower than estimates based on the human–chimp divergence. This implies that an average of ∼70 new mutations arise in the human diploid genome per generation. Most of these mutations are paternal in origin, but the male:female mutation rate ratio is currently uncertain and might vary even among individuals within a population. On the basis of a method proposed by Kondrashov and Crow, the genome-wide deleterious mutation rate (U) can be estimated from the product of the number of nucleotide sites in the genome, μ, and the mean selective constraint per site. Although the presence of many weakly selected mutations in human noncoding DNA makes this approach somewhat problematic, estimates are U ≈ 2.2 for the whole diploid genome per generation and ∼0.35 for mutations that change an amino acid of a protein-coding gene. A genome-wide deleterious mutation rate of 2.2 seems higher than humans could tolerate if natural selection is “hard,” but could be tolerated if selection acts on relative fitness differences between individuals or if there is synergistic epistasis. I argue that in the foreseeable future, an accumulation of new deleterious mutations is unlikely to lead to a detectable decline in fitness of human populations.
Pluralism and the New Corporatism

There has recently been a revival of interest in the notion of ‘corporatism’, with particular reference to its application in the context of liberal democratic political systems. The principal authors of this revival have depicted ‘liberal corporatism’ as involving relations between government and interest groups that are radically different from those characteristic of ‘pluralism’. However, deficiencies in their definition of liberal corporatism and shortcomings in their perception of pluralism point to a different conclusion.
The Impact of Selected Organizational Factors on Psychological Empowerment of Non-Supervisory Employees in Full-Service Restaurants

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to explore selected organizational factors related to empowerment of non-supervisory employees in full service restaurants. These factors include selected demographics, and the effects of trust, training, communication openness, information accuracy, and leader member exchange on employee empowerment. Means, standard deviations, correlations, and hierarchical regression were utilized in the analysis. The results suggest that among the eight variables entered into the regression equation, five variables significantly affected empowerment. An R2 equal to . 435 indicating that 43.5% of empowerment was explained by a linear combination of the variables.
Adaptive and Online One-Class Support Vector Machine-Based Outlier Detection Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

Outlier detection in wireless sensor networks is essential to ensure data quality, secure monitoring and reliable detection of interesting and critical events. A key challenge for outlier detection in wireless sensor networks is to adaptively identify outliers in an online manner with a high accuracy while maintaining the resource consumption of the network to a minimum. In this paper, we propose one-class support vector machine-based outlier detection techniques that sequentially update the model representing normal behavior of the sensed data and take advantage of spatial and temporal correlations that exist between sensor data to cooperatively identify outliers. Experiments with both synthetic and real data show that our online outlier detection techniques achieve high detection accuracy and low false alarm rate.
Gain-transparent SOA-switch for high-bitrate OTDM add/drop multiplexing

We report on an all-optical interferometric optical time-division multiplexing switch that exhibits high linearity, high-switching contrast, low noise, wide bandwidth, and low crosstalk. The key element of the gain-transparent switch is a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), which is transparent for the data signal. However, the injection of optical control pulses in the gain wavelength region of the SOA leads to index modulations at the wavelength of the data. This variation of the refractive index can be used for interferometric switching. In the application as add/drop multiplexer, the switch has the inherent advantage of leaving the nonswitched pulses undisturbed.
Ulinastatin protects pulmonary tissues from lipopolysaccharide-induced injury as an immunomodulator

Background: Organ protection is a routine therapy in patients with severe trauma, infection, and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Appropriate inflammatory response benefits organ function with sepsis. Our aim was to verify the immunoregulatory effects of Ulinastatin (UTI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administrated mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of LPS and were randomly divided into a LPS control (L group) and an UTI-treated group (U group). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were prepared from mouse femur bone marrow, and CD40, CD80, CD86, or MHC class II as DC markers were analyzed. The expression of spleen HLA-DR was detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. The alterations of Toll-like receptor 4-MyD88 signal pathway of DCs and pulmonary tissues were also determined. Selectins and adhesion molecules in lungs and serum were detected. The lung injury degree was represented as wet to dry ratios and alveolar thickness. Results: After LPS administration, the expression of bone marrow-derived DC marker was increased, showing a mature state, while the mature process could be stepped down by UTI. The spleen HLA-DR expression and the activation degree of Toll-like receptor 4-MyD88 signal pathway also demonstrated the immunoregulatory effects of UTI, which could effectively protect the pulmonary tissues from LPS-induced injury. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that UTI reduced LPS-induced pulmonary injury. The mechanism of its action might involve the immunoregulation and the mitigation of excessive inflammatory reaction.
Intentions for Advice and Help Seeking Among Jewish and Arab Youth in Israel

This study dealt with advice and help-seeking intentions of Jewish and Arab youth in Israel toward family, friends, and professionals in relation to their interpersonal relationships with family and friends. The random sample consisted of 865 participants: 653 Jewish and 212 Arab youths. Four original instruments were used. The first consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the second explored help-seeking intentions, and two other questionnaires dealt with interpersonal relationships with family and friends. The two ethnic groups preferred using different sources for advice and help. Arab youth preferred formal help systems, whereas Jewish youth were more inclined to turn to parents and friends. Significant gender differences were also indicated. Explanations highlight the differences in the influence of the relationships with friends and family on help-seeking intentions. The potential implications of the findings for the development of appropriate services for different cultural groups are discussed.