Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐five year socioeconomic trends in leisure‐time and commuting physical activity among employed Finns

The trend of socioeconomic differences in physical activity is largely unknown in Finland. In this study, we examined socioeconomic trends in leisure‐time and commuting physical activity among Finns in 1978–2002. Nationwide data were derived from an annually repeated cross‐sectional Finnish Adult Health Behavior Survey. People under the age of 25, students, the unemployed, and retirees were excluded from the analysis. The final data set included 25 513 women and 25 302 men. Socioeconomic variables included education, occupation, and household income. Odds ratios for being physically active and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. People with the lowest income were less leisure‐time and commuting physically active. Among women, low occupational status was associated with high commuting physical activity whereas among men such an association was not found. No educational differences among men in leisure‐time and commuting physical activity over time were found. Some indications were found that educational differences in leisure‐time physical activity among women might have been reversed. Our data suggest that socioeconomic differences in leisure‐time and commuting physical activity are quite small and have remained similar between 1978 and 2002.
IT consumerization under more difficult conditions: insights from German local governments

Public sector organizations work under more difficult conditions, when intending to embrace IT consumerization, defined as the diffusion of consumer IT in the workplace. There is an observable lack in current literature with respect to particular factors that influence consumer IT adoption by local governments. Our paper aims to investigate these aspects in detail. We apply an inductive design for our study, in form of a multiple-case study with two German local governments. From the case data we were able to identify five major factors that influence the adoption and diffusion of consumer IT in the public sector. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the impact organizational characteristics may have on the adoption of consumer IT for work purposes. We think that our results provide promising insights into underlying factors that complicate the exploitations of IT consumerization as opportunity for both increasing work efficiency and creating more innovative work environments in the public sector.
Accelerated hematopoietic toxicity by high energy 56Fe radiation

Purpose: There is little information on the relative toxicity of highly charged (Z) high-energy (HZE) radiation in animal models compared to γ or X-rays, and the general assumption based on in vitro studies has been that acute toxicity is substantially greater. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with 56Fe ions (1 GeV/nucleon), and acute (within 30 d) toxicity compared to that of γ rays or protons (1 GeV). To assess relative hematopoietic and gastrointestinal toxicity, the effects of 56Fe ions were compared to γ rays using complete blood count (CBC), bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (GM-CFU), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis in bone marrow, and intestinal crypt survival. Results: Although onset was more rapid, 56Fe ions were only slightly more toxic than γ rays or protons with lethal dose (LD)50/30 (a radiation dose at which 50% lethality occurs at 30-day) values of 5.8, 7.25, and 6.8 Gy, respectively, with relative biologic effectiveness for 56Fe ions of 1.25 and 1.06 for protons. Conclusions: 56Fe radiation caused accelerated and more severe hematopoietic toxicity. Early mortality correlated with more profound leukopenia and subsequent sepsis. Results indicate that there is selective enhanced toxicity to bone marrow progenitor cells, which are typically resistant to γ rays, and bone marrow stem cells, because intestinal crypt cells did not show increased HZE toxicity.
Prefrontal cognitive systems in schizophrenia : Towards human genetic brain mechanisms

Schizophrenia has complex genetic heritability. It is also genetically heterogeneous. To the extent that genes are associated with symptom constellations in schizophrenia, they do so by affecting the development and function of neural systems that mediate the expression of such diverse behavioral, cognitive and perceptual phenomena. The genetic mechanisms of human brain dysfunction remain to be well understood. “Imaging genetics” is an emerging field that attempts to integrate the basic biology of putative disease mechanisms with physiological correlates from the live human brain. Here, we review recent imaging genetics work on prefrontal brain systems associated with working memory and executive function – heritable traits relevant to schizophrenia. Starting with genetic variation in dopaminergic systems (e.g., COMT), we examined the modulation of prefrontal brain networks during active cognitive processing; there is also evidence that variation in the expression of dopamine-related downstream intra-cellular signaling molecules (e.g., AKT1) are implicated. Moreover, these genetic variants evidence epistasis on neuroimaging measures, lending further support to the conceptualization that non-additive combinations of multiple genes modulate active human cognitive brain mechanisms. The imaging genetics platform therefore could extend understanding of genetic mechanisms of human cognitive brain processes relevant to neuropsychiatric disease.
Requirement for TRAF3 in Signaling by LMP1 But Not CD40 in B Lymphocytes

CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and the Epstein-Barr virus–encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) share several tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins for signaling. Among these, TRAF3 was the first identified to directly bind both receptors, yet its role remains a mystery. To address this, we generated B cell lines deficient in TRAF3 by homologous recombination. We found that CD40 signals were normal in the absence of TRAF3, with the exception of moderately enhanced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and antibody secretion. In sharp contrast, LMP1 signaling was markedly defective in TRAF3−/− B cells. LMP1-induced activation of JNK and nuclear factor κB, up-regulation of CD23 and CD80, and antibody secretion were substantially affected by TRAF3 deficiency. Reconstitution of TRAF3 expression decreased CD40-induced JNK activation and antibody secretion, and fully restored LMP1 signaling. Although TRAF2 is widely believed to be important for LMP1 function, LMP1 signaling was intact in TRAF2−/− B cells. Our data reveal that CD40 and LMP1 unexpectedly use TRAF3 in different ways, and that TRAF3 is required for LMP1-mediated activation of B cells.
On planar hypohamiltonian graphs

We present a planar hypohamiltonian graph on 42 vertices and (as a corollary) a planar hypotraceable graph on 162 vertices, improving the bounds of Zamfirescu and Zamfirescu and show some other consequences. We also settle the open problem whether there exists a positive integer N, such that for every integer n≥N there exists a planar hypohamiltonian/hypotraceable graph on n vertices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 67: 55‐68, 2011
Role of ToxS in the proteolytic cascade of virulence regulator ToxR in Vibrio cholerae

Two of the primary virulence regulators of Vibrio cholerae, ToxR and TcpP, function together with cognate effector proteins. ToxR undergoes regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) during late stationary phase in response to nutrient limitation at alkaline pH; however, the specific function of its cognate ToxS remains unresolved. In this work, we found that ToxR rapidly becomes undetectable in a ΔtoxS mutant when cultures are exposed to either starvation conditions or after alkaline pH shock individually. A ΔtoxS mutant enters into a dormant state associated with the proteolysis of ToxR at a faster rate than wild‐type, closely resembling a ΔtoxR mutant. Using a mutant with a periplasmic substitution in ToxS, we found that the proteases DegS and DegP function additively with VesC and a novel protease, TapA, to degrade ToxR in the mutant. Overall, the results shown here reveal a role for ToxS in the stabilization of ToxR by protecting the virulence regulator from premature proteolysis.
Lipofundin 20% induces hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in male Sprague Dawley rats

Lipofundin is a lipid emulsion used in parenteral nutrition. One of adverse effects reported for this kind of pharmaceutical products is the capacity to induce oxidative stress, which is an important contributor of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of Lipofundin administration on lipid profile and serum redox biomarkers, in order to determine if both events are responsible for the undesirable effects of this lipid emulsion. Male Sprague Dawley rats were intravenously administered with 2 mL/kg of Lipofundin 20% daily, for 8 days. Then, serum lipid profile and redox biomarkers were spectrophotometrically determined. A significant increase (p<0,05) of serum lipids and biomolecules damages was observed at the end of the experiment, while a reduction of antioxidant capacity was also detected in treated rats compared with controls. Our data demonstrated that Lipofundin 20% induces hyperlipidemia, which promotes an oxidative stress state in Sprague Dawley rats.
An exploration of contemporary organizational artifacts and routines in a sustainable excellence context

Purpose Organizations and their members operate in increasingly complex, dynamic and even disruptive environments, with risk and uncertainty being major challenges. To that effect, data, information, knowledge, and respective competences are increasingly instrumental in enabling and sustaining organizational intelligence that translates into resilience in the shorter and sustainable excellence in the longer term. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the artifacts and routines in a sustainable organizational excellence context. Design/methodology/approach An extensive literature review was used to develop the context of the paper, focusing on big data and organizational intelligence for enterprise excellence and resilience. In addition, a thematic literature review method was used to study the role and impacts of routines and artifacts in organizational change, policies, structure and performance. Findings Although many traditional management practices retain their validity, knowledge management must give a clearer view of the existing connection between firm-level competitive advantage in open economies flows and difficult-to-use knowledge assets. The proposed framework studies knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation as organizational phenomena opposed and mutually incompatible. Originality/value The paper presents a first attempt to study the linkages of organizational routines and artifacts as a cycle wherein knowledge acquisition and learning competencies form and enhance a firm’s organizational intelligence, leading to robust competitiveness and sustainable entrepreneurship.
Autoradiographic investigation of cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats

Cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats was investigated autoradiographically. Two young adult rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mc of thymidine‐H3 and killed after a two weeks' exchange period. Two adult cats were injected intraventricularly with 0.5 mc of thymidine‐H3 and killed one week later. Labeling of cell nuclei in the brain, presumed to reflect DNA turnover and cellular proliferation, was investigated. In the rats, some neuroglia cells were found labeled in all parts of the brain, suggesting a low rate of glial proliferation. In addition, circumscribed small regions with numerous labeled neuroglia and microglia cells were seen in several brain regions, suggesting the occurrence of local glial proliferative reactions in these presumably normal brains. A few apparently labeled neurons were seen in the neocortex, and a proliferative region of granule cells was identified in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In the cats labeling of glia cells was highest in the midline region, near the point of injection of the radiochemical, with a gradient of decreasing number of labeled cells both laterally and in the anteroposterior direction of the neuraxis. Neurons with apparently labeled nuclei were observed in the midline cortex bilaterally in both animals. These results indicate that glia cells can multiply in the brains of young adult rats and adult cats and they support the possibility that new neurons may be formed in forebrain structures, both in rodents and carnivores.
Exhaled nitric oxide in diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases

The analysis of biomarkers in exhaled breath constituents has recently become of great interest in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of many respiratory conditions. Of particular interest is the measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in breath. Its measurement is noninvasive, easy and reproducible. The technique has recently been standardized by both American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. The availability of cheap, portable and reliable equipment has made the assay possible in clinics by general physicians and, in the near future, at home by patients. The concentration of exhaled nitric oxide is markedly elevated in bronchial asthma and is positively related to the degree of esinophilic inflammation. Its measurement can be used in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma and titration of dose of steroids as well as to identify steroid responsive patients in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In primary ciliary dyskinesia, nasal NO is diagnostically low and of considerable value in diagnosis. Among lung transplant recipients, FENO can be of great value in the early detection of infection, bronchioloitis obliterans syndrome and rejection. This review discusses the biology, factors affecting measurement, and clinical application of FENO in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases.
Discontinuous DNA replication.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY . NASCENT DNA FRAGMENT: A UNIT OF DNA REPLICATION . CHAIN INITIATION OF NASCENT DNA . METHODS USED FOR DETECTION OF PRIMER RNA . Buoyant Density Shift . Phosphate Transfer from Deoxyribonucleotides to Neighboring Ribonucleotides . The Spleen Exonuclease Assay . The Polynucleotide Kinase Assay . Liberation of Radioactive Primer RNA by DNase Digestion . In Vivo Sealing of Nascent Chains . RNA-PRIMED SYNTHESIS OF NASCENT DNA FRAGMENTS IN VARIOUS ORGANISMS . Bacteriophage T7 .
Challenges of Investigating Community Outbreaks of Cyclosporiasis, British Columbia, Canada

Investigations of community outbreaks of cyclosporiasis are challenged by case-patients’ poor recall of exposure resulting from lags in detection and the stealthy nature of food vehicles. We combined multiple techniques, including early consultation with food regulators, traceback of suspected items, and grocery store loyalty card records, to identify a single vehicle for a cyclosporiasis outbreak in British Columbia, Canada, in 2007.
Theta*: Any-Angle Path Planning on Grids

Grids with blocked and unblocked cells are often used to represent terrain in computer games and robotics. However, paths formed by grid edges can be sub-optimal and unrealistic looking, since the possible headings are artificially constrained. We present Theta*, a variant of A*, that propagates informati on along grid edges without constraining the paths to grid edges. Theta* is simple, fast and finds short and realistic looking paths. We compare Theta* against both Field D*, the only other variant of A* that propagates information along grid edges without constraining the paths to grid edges, and A* with post-smoothed paths. Although neither path planning method is guaranteed to find shortest paths, we show experimentally that Theta* finds shorter and more realistic looking paths than either of these existing techniques.
Predicting progressive hemorrhagic injury after traumatic brain injury: derivation and validation of a risk score based on admission characteristics.

Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who also have progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI), have a higher risk of clinical deterioration and worse outcomes than do TBI patients without PHI. Therefore, the early prediction of PHI occurrence is useful to evaluate the status of patients with TBI and to improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic model that uses information available at admission to determine the likelihood of PHI after TBI. Retrospectively collected data were used to develop a PHI prognostic model with a logistic regression analysis. The prediction model was validated in 114 patients from a separate hospital. Eight independent prognostic factors were identified: age ≥ 57 years (5 points), intra-axial bleeding/brain contusion (4 points), midline shift ≥ 5 mm (6 points), platelet (PLT) count<100×10⁹/L (10 points), PLT count ≥ 100 but <150×10⁹/L (4 points), prothrombin time>14 sec (7 points), D-dimer ≥ 5 mg/L (12 points), and glucose ≥ 10 mmol/L (10 points). Each patient was assigned a number of points proportional to the regression coefficient. We calculated risk scores for each patient and defined three risk groups: low risk (0-13 points), intermediate risk (14-22 points), and high risk (23-54 points). In the development cohort, the PHI rates after TBI for these three groups were 10.3%, 47.3%, and 85.2%, respectively. In the validation cohort, the corresponding PHI rates were 10.9%, 47.3%, and 86.9%. The C-statistic for the point system was 0.864 (p=0.509 by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test) in the development cohort, and 0.862 (p=0.589 by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test) in the validation cohort. In conclusion, a relatively simple risk score using admission predictors accurately predicted the risk for PHI after TBI.
Role of cultural practices in neonatal sepsis

Background: Delivery of a child at home by a relative or a dhai and other associated health hazards are still a challenge to the medical fraternity. Traditional harmful practices are equally responsible for neonatal mortality and morbidity. The commonly practicing events such as prelacteal feeding, early bath, artificial feeding, throwing out of colostrum, branding, circumcision, cow dung application, and so on make the neonates more vulnerable. Objective: To find the prevalence of traditional harmful routine care practices and other social customs and believes prevalent in the community, which are directly or indirectly associated with sepsis in newborn period. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at NICU and postpartum center of V.S. S. Medical College, Burla, Orissa, India, from September 2007 to October 2009. Mothers having term and appropriate for gestational age neonate of either sex practicing the traditional harmful practices were taken for the study. The study subjects were 167 mothers whose babies showed features of clinically suspected sepsis included as cases and 150 mothers with neonates without any features suggestive of sepsis included as controls. Information was collected using an open-ended in-depth questionnaire and an oral interview. After data collection, statistical analyses were done using 2 test, and p < 0.05 was taken as significant. Result: The incidence of neonatal septicemia was 28.3%. Almost two-third of the babies in either group belongs to low socioeconomic status and unbooked. Unhygienic cord care (63.4%), prelacteal feeding (73.6%), and early bath (52%) of neonates were observed. The common method for feeding was through bottle (61%). Feeding intolerance and lethargy was present in all the cases of sepsis, whereas approximately three-fourth newborns with sepsis were having hypothermia and hypoglycemia. Septic screen was positive for 52.9% babies, whereas 47.2% and 66.6% babies were positive for blood culture and umbilical swab culture, respectively. Seventeen newborns died because of severe sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction. Conclusion: This study clearly shows that certain cultural practices that are harmful to the newborn are still being widely practiced in this part of the country. The importance of traditional beliefs and cultural practices cannot be ignored as they are far deeply entrenched in daily life and more difficult to change.
On-Line Processing in Large-Scale Transaction Systems

In this thesis, we provide techniques to adapt current database technology to account for the following trends that can be observed in database management system (DBMS) usage: (1) DBMSs are being increasingly used in applications, like computerized stock trading, that have very high transaction rates. (2) Database sizes are growing rapidly, and future databases are expected to be several orders of magnitude larger than the largest databases in operation today. (3) Next generation DBMSs are expected to gravitate more and more towards what is referred to as 24(hour) $\times$ 7(day) operation. In order to handle high transaction rates, future DBMSs have to use highly concurrent algorithms for managing often-used auxiliary data structures like indices. To better understand the performance of concurrency control algorithms for index access, we first compare the performance of B-tree concurrency control algorithms using a simulation model of a centralized DBMS. Our performance study compares a number of proposed algorithms over a wide range of resource conditions, tree structures, and workloads. Based on the performance results, we characterize how specific details of a concurrency control algorithm can enhance or reduce concurrency. On-line DBMS utilities are an important step towards achieving the goal of 24 $\times$ 7 operation for very large databases. This thesis addresses issues involved in executing on-line utilities by developing several new algorithms for on-line index construction. These algorithms each permit an index to be built while the corresponding data is concurrently accessed for reads and writes. A comprehensive performance study of the proposed on-line index construction algorithms is used to determine the best candidate for use in a DBMS. Applying the techniques used for on-line index construction to query processing leads to a new, highly concurrent method of query execution called compensation-based query processing. In this new approach to query processing, concurrent updates to any data participating in a query are communicated to the query's on-line query processor, which then compensates for these updates so that the final answer reflects changes caused by the updates. Very high concurrency is achieved by locking data only briefly, at the tuple-level, while still delivering transaction-consistent answers to queries.