Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corpus Linguistics Research Trends from 1997 to 2016: A Co-Citation Analysis

Park, Hyejin and Daehyeon Nam. 2017. Corpus linguistics research trends from 1997 to 2016: A co-citation analysis. Linguistic Research 34(3), 427-457. Corpus linguistics is one of the fastest growing areas of linguistics because of its interface with neighboring academic disciplines and the data-processing capability of a large amount of empirical linguistic data. This study reviews research trends from the last two decades within the corpus linguistics fields. Specifically, the study applied systematic citation analysis procedures to summarize and identify the salient research themes and publications from citation-reference data of peer-reviewed research articles published and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) between 1997 and 2016. The co-citation analysis of 5,600 research articles and their 172,352 references indicated that, over the four time spans of five years, the corpus linguistics research articles have cited works ranging from general linguistics journal titles to specialized journal titles and individual books. In terms of the research themes of corpus linguistics, the topics of the linguistics research have rapidly changed over the time spans. More recently, the development of web-based large monitor corpora and corpus analysis software has contributed significantly to the dynamic and productive interaction of research in the discipline. This may indicate the evolving and juvenile nature of corpus linguistics and its possibility of growing into a multi-disciplinary field. Although there are exceptions to all of the research patterns found in the co-citation analysis, the current study also discusses the most up-to-date research trends and the future directions of corpus linguistics. (University at Albany, SUNY · Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)
Implicit theories and ability emotional intelligence

Previous research has shown that people differ in their implicit theories about the essential characteristics of intelligence and emotions. Some people believe these characteristics to be predetermined and immutable (entity theorists), whereas others believe that these characteristics can be changed through learning and behavior training (incremental theorists). The present study provides evidence that in healthy adults (N = 688), implicit beliefs about emotions and emotional intelligence (EI) may influence performance on the ability-based Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Adults in our sample with incremental theories about emotions and EI scored higher on the MSCEIT than entity theorists, with implicit theories about EI showing a stronger relationship to scores than theories about emotions. Although our participants perceived both emotion and EI as malleable, they viewed emotions as more malleable than EI. Women and young adults in general were more likely to be incremental theorists than men and older adults. Furthermore, we found that emotion and EI theories mediated the relationship of gender and age with ability EI. Our findings suggest that people’s implicit theories about EI may influence their emotional abilities, which may have important consequences for personal and professional EI training.
Mothers' Spanking of 3-Year-Old Children and Subsequent Risk of Children's Aggressive Behavior

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the association between the use of corporal punishment (CP) against 3-year-old children and subsequent aggressive behavior among those children. METHODS: Respondents (N = 2461) participated in the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (1998–2005), a population-based, birth cohort study of children born in 20 large US cities. Maternal reports of CP, children's aggressive behaviors at 3 and 5 years of age, and a host of key demographic features and potential confounding factors, including maternal child physical maltreatment, psychological maltreatment, and neglect, intimate partner aggression victimization, stress, depression, substance use, and consideration of abortion, were assessed. RESULTS: Frequent use of CP (ie, mother's use of spanking more than twice in the previous month) when the child was 3 years of age was associated with increased risk for higher levels of child aggression when the child was 5 years of age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.49 [95% confidence interval: 1.2–1.8]; P < .0001), even with controlling for the child's level of aggression at age 3 and the aforementioned potential confounding factors and key demographic features. CONCLUSIONS: Despite American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations to the contrary, most parents in the United States approve of and have used CP as a form of child discipline. The current findings suggest that even minor forms of CP, such as spanking, increase risk for increased child aggressive behavior. Importantly, these findings cannot be attributed to possible confounding effects of a host of other maternal parenting risk factors.
Interactive effects of fertilization and throughfall exclusion on the physiological responses and whole-tree carbon uptake of mature loblolly pine

Few studies have examined the combined effects of nutrition and water exclusion on the canopy physiology of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Understanding the impacts of forest management on plantation productivity requires extensive research on the relationship between silvicultural treatments and environmental constraints to growth. We studied the physiological responses of 18-year-old loblolly pine trees exposed to a combination of fertilization (fer - tilizer or no fertilizer) and throughfall (normal throughfall or throughfall exclusion). Gas exchange variables were mea - sured in the upper and lower crown between 0900 and 1700 h from May to November in 1999. Needle fall was collected to estimate foliage mass and leaf area. Summer drought and throughfall exclusion significantly decreased pre - dawn xylem pressure potential. Needle-level photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance declined during the drought and were significantly lower in the throughfall exclusion treatment. Throughfall exclusion also reduced annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photosynthesis and transpiration. In the normal throughfall treatment, fertilization had no effect on needle-level physiology, but increased annual foliage mass and whole-crown photosynthesis by 26% and 41%, respectively. With the exclusion of throughfall, however, annual foliage mass and daily whole-crown photo- synthesis exhibited little response to fertilization. We conclude that greater nutrient availability enhances the carbon up- take of mature loblolly pine trees by stimulating foliage production, but the positive effects of fertilization on leaf area and carbon fixation are limited by low water availability.
Neurophysiological correlates of face gender processing in humans

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects were involved in three gender‐processing tasks based on human faces and on human hands. In one condition all stimuli were only of one gender, preventing any gender discrimination. In a second condition, faces (or hands) of men and women were intermixed but the gender was irrelevant for the subject's task; hence gender discrimination was assumed to be incidental. In the third condition, the task required explicit gender discrimination; gender processing was therefore assumed to be intentional. Gender processing had no effect on the occipito‐temporal negative potential at ≈ 170 ms after stimulation (N170 component of the ERP), suggesting that the neural mechanisms involved in the structural encoding of faces are different from those involved in the extraction of gender‐related facial features. In contrast, incidental and intentional processing of face (but not hand) gender affected the ERPs between 145 and 185 ms from stimulus onset at more anterior scalp locations. This effect was interpreted as evidence for the direct visual processing of faces as described in Bruce and Young's model [Bruce, V. & Young, A. (1986) Br. J. Psychol. , 77, 305–327]. Additional gender discrimination effects were observed for both faces and hands at mid‐parietal sites around 45–85 ms latency, in the incidental task only. This difference was tentatively assumed to reflect an early mechanism of coarse visual categorization. Finally, intentional (but not incidental) gender processing affected the ERPs during a later epoch starting from ≈ 200 ms and ending at ≈ 250 ms for faces, and ≈ 350 ms for hands. This later effect might be related to attention‐based gender categorization or to a more general categorization activity.
Patterns of Genetic Variation Between the Checkered Skippers Pyrgus communis and Pyrgus albescens (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Abstract We examined patterns of genetic variation between the transcontinental species Pyrgus communis (Grote) and Pyrgus albescens Plötz (Hesperiidae) to examine whether patterns of molecular variation are congruent with the taxonomy. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA failed to distinguish the two taxa. Although substantial genetic variation is explained by the two nominal taxa, more variation is explained by geography. Specifically, our molecular data indicate that the Transverse Ranges of southern California and the Sierra Nevada are important features affecting patterns of genetic variation. The possibility of recent divergence and secondary contact is discussed. Although P. communis and P. albescens do not adhere to a phylogenetic species concept, diagnostic morphological and distributional differences exist between the two entities that merit consideration regarding their taxonomic status.
On Elicitation Complexity

Elicitation is the study of statistics or properties which are computable via empirical risk minimization. While several recent papers have approached the general question of which properties are elicitable, we suggest that this is the wrong question—all properties are elicitable by first eliciting the entire distribution or data set, and thus the important question is how elicitable. Specifically, what is the minimum number of regression parameters needed to compute the property? Building on previous work, we introduce a new notion of elicitation complexity and lay the foundations for a calculus of elicitation. We establish several general results and techniques for proving upper and lower bounds on elicitation complexity. These results provide tight bounds for eliciting the Bayes risk of any loss, a large class of properties which includes spectral risk measures and several new properties of interest.
Extracting Human Face Similarity Judgments: Pairs or Triplets?

Two experimental protocols, pairwise rating and triplet ranking, have been commonly used for eliciting perceptual similarity judgments for faces and other objects. However, there has been little systematic comparison of the two methods. Pairwise rating has the advantage of greater precision, but triplet ranking is potentially a cognitive less taxing task, thus resulting in less noisy responses. Here, we introduce several informationtheoretic measures of how useful responses from the two protocols are for the purpose of response prediction and parameter estimation. Using face similarity data collected on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we demonstrate that triplet ranking is significantly better for extracting subject-specific preferences, while the two are comparable when pooling across subjects. While the specific conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, due to the particularly simple Bayesian model for response generation utilized here, the work provides a information-theoretic framework for quantifying how repetitions within and across subjects can help to combat noise in human responses, as well as giving some insight into the nature of similarity representation and response noise in humans. More generally, this work demonstrates that substantial noise and inconsistency corrupt similarity judgments, both withinand across-subjects, with consequent implications for experimental design and data interpretation.
Tag semantics for the retrieval of XML documents

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), consists in assigning the correct sense (semantics) to a word form (lexeme) by means of the context in which the lexeme is found. In this paper we investigate the possibility of applying WSD techniques to the field of Information Retrieval, especially to the retrieval of XML documents. We consider two methods to automatically assign semantic values to XML tags on the grounds of the tagged text contained. Such methods rely on the bayesian supervised approach and on an automatic unsupervised approach and exploit the WordNet ontology. Results show that the applicability of both methods is hampered by the habit of use abbreviation or shortcuts as tags.
The perceptual basis of the feature vowel height

The present study investigated whether listeners perceptually map phonetic information to phonological feature categories or to phonemes. The test case is a phonological feature that occurs in most of the world’s languages, namely vowel height, and its acoustic correlate, the first formant (F1). We first simulated vowel discrimination in virtual listeners who perceive speech sounds through phonological features and virtual listeners who perceive through phonemes. The simulations revealed that feature listeners differed from phoneme listeners in their perceptual discrimination of F1 along a front-back boundary continuum as compared to a front (or back) continuum. The competing predictions of phoneme-based versus feature-based vowel discrimination were explicitly tested in real human listeners. The real listeners’ vowel discrimination did not resemble the simulated phoneme listeners, and was compatible with that of the simulated feature listeners. The findings suggest that humans perceive vowel F1 through phonological feature categories like /high/ and /mid/.
Predictors of Academic Success in 9- to 11-Year-Old Homeless Children: The Role of Executive Function, Social Competence, and Emotional Control

Widening achievement gaps between homeless and highly mobile (HHM) youth and their peers highlight the need for research to understand effects of risk and adversity on development to promote resilience and positive adaptation. Youth living under the poverty line experience more risk and adversity, leading to difficulty in multiple domains including academic achievement. Effortful control has been established as a protective factor among young HHM children; however, the impact of other factors including social competence and emotional control on functioning in early adolescence remains less clear. The current study examined effortful control, social competence, and emotional control in adaptive processes in 86 children, aged 9 to 11, living in an emergency homeless shelter. Consistent with expectations, emotional control and social competence each contributed to academic achievement, above and beyond effortful control and IQ. Emotional control moderated effortful control on reading ability. Implications of these findings, including policy and practice, are discussed.
Pearling in cells: a clue to understanding cell shape.

Gradual disruption of the actin cytoskeleton induces a series of structural shape changes in cells leading to a transformation of cylindrical cell extensions into a periodic chain of "pearls. " Quantitative measurements of the pearling instability give a square-root behavior for the wavelength as a function of drug concentration. We present a theory that explains these observations in terms of the interplay between rigidity of the submembranous actin shell and tension that is induced by boundary conditions set by adhesion points. The theory allows estimation of the rigidity and thickness of this supporting shell. The same theoretical considerations explain the shape of nonadherent edges in the general case of untreated cells.
Neuroendocrine differentiation is predictive of poor survival in patients with stage II colorectal cancer

The diagnosis of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is made primarily on the basis of ultrastructure and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA) are two important frequently used NED markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between NED and the prognosis of stage II CRC remains controversial. Administration of adjuvant chemotherapy remains challenging for stage II CRC. Identification of reliable factors that improve the selection of patients with stage II CRC at high risk following surgery is of great importance. A total of 151 cases of patients with stage II CRC who received radical surgery in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) between January 2002 and March 2011 were assayed for Syn and CgA using IHC, following which patients were classified as NED(+) or NED(−). Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the prognostic value was determined using a log-rank test and Cox's regression test. In the 151 cases of stage II CRC examined, the incidence of NED was 34.44%. The overall survival of the NED(+) group was significantly less favorable than that of the NED(−) group (P=0.001). The 5-year survival rate was 68% for NED(+) (n=51) and 90% for NED(−) (n=97). The independent prognostic factors of survival of patients with stage II CRC following multivariate analysis were age ≥65 years (P=0.007) and NED-positivity (P=0.014). NED was revealed to be an independent factor of poor prognosis for patients with stage II CRC, which may offer potential for improved therapy stratification.
Event-Driven Thermal Management in SMP Systems

Actions usually taken to prevent processors from overheating, such as decreasing the frequency or stopping the execution flow, also degrade performance. Multiprocessor systems, however, offer the possibility of moving the task which caused a CPU to overheat away to some other, cooler CPU, so throttling becomes only a last resort taken if all of a system’s processors are hot. Additionally, the different energy characteristics that different tasks are showing can be exploited and hot tasks as well as cool tasks can be distributed evenly among all CPUs. This work presents a mechanism for determining the energy characteristics of tasks by means of event monitoring counters, and an energy–aware scheduling policy, which strives to assign tasks to CPUs in a way that avoids overheating individual CPUs. We implemented energy–aware scheduling for the Linux kernel. Evaluations show that the overhead incurred by additional task migrations is negligible compared to the benefit of avoiding throttling.
Are the senses enough for sense? Early high-level feedback shapes our comprehension of multisensory objects

A key question in cognitive neuroscience is how the brain combines low-level features processed in remote sensory cortices to represent meaningful multisensory objects in our everyday environment. Models of visual object processing typically assume a feedforward cascade through the hierarchically organized ventral stream. We contrasted this feedforward view with an alternate hypothesis in which object processing is viewed as an interactive, feedforward and feedback process. We found that higher-order regions in anterior temporal (AT) and inferior prefrontal cortex (IPC) performed audio-visual (AV) integration 100 ms earlier than a sensory-driven region in the posterior occipital (pO) cortex, and were modulated by semantic variables (congruency), from as early as 50–100 ms. We propose that the brain represents familiar and complex multisensory objects through early interactivity between higher-order and sensory-driven regions. This interactivity may underpin the enhanced behavioral performance reported for semantically congruent AV objects.
Solving flexible manufacturing system distributed scheduling problem subject to maintenance using harmony search algorithm

Flexible manufacturing system is one of the industrial branches that highly competitive and rapidly expand. Globalization of the industrial system has encouraged the development of distributed manufacturing, including flexible manufacturing system. As such, the complexity of the problem faced in this new environment promotes current researcher to develop various approaches in optimizing the production scheduling. Approaches such as petri net, ant colony, genetic algorithm, intelligent agents, particle swarm optimization, and tabu search are used to apprehend optimization issues. In reality, maintenance is one of the core parts which is important to the manufacturing scheduling as it will affect greatly toward the manufacturing scheduling when the machine breakdown happen. Unfortunately, most approaches disregard the preventive maintenance in the production scheduling problem. In this paper, a harmony search algorithm is introduced to address the problem which includes maintenance. The problem description is successfully represented and the algorithm performance is studied with several parameter tunings.
Identifying Strategies for Effective Telemedicine Use in Intensive Care Units: The ConnECCT Study Protocol

Telemedicine, the use of audiovisual technology to provide health care from a remote location, is increasingly used in intensive care units (ICUs). However, studies evaluating the impact of ICU telemedicine show mixed results, with some studies demonstrating improved patient outcomes, while others show limited benefit or even harm. Little is known about the mechanisms that influence variation in ICU telemedicine effectiveness, leaving providers without guidance on how to best use this potentially transformative technology. The Contributors to Effective Critical Care Telemedicine (ConnECCT) study aims to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the clinical and organizational factors associated with variation in ICU telemedicine effectiveness, as well as exploring the clinical contexts and provider perceptions of ICU telemedicine use and its impact on patient outcomes, using a range of qualitative methods. In this report, we describe the study protocol, data collection methods, and planned future analyses of the ConnECCT study. Over the course of 1 year, the study team visited purposefully sampled health systems across the United States that have adopted telemedicine. Data collection methods included direct observations, interviews, focus groups, and artifact collection. Data were collected at the ICUs that provide in-person critical care as well as at the supporting telemedicine units. Iterative thematic content analysis will be used to identify and define key constructs related to telemedicine effectiveness and describe the relationship between them. Ultimately, the study results will provide a framework for more effective implementation of ICU telemedicine, leading to improved clinical outcomes for critically ill patients.
Intelligence and psychosocial adjustment in velocardiofacial syndrome: a study of 37 children and adolescents with VCFS.

We report data on a group of 37 VCFS patients with specific reference to their intelligence, behaviour, and social competence. Fifty five percent of the children had a borderline to normal IQ. Mental retardation (defined as IQ < 70 or > -2 SD below the mean) was found in 45%. In the majority, the mental retardation was mild (38%) and only two patients had moderate mental retardation. Severe mental retardation seems to be rare in VCFS. The present study shows also that the incidence of mental retardation is much higher in the familial than the de novo group. Intelligence is not correlated with the presence or absence of a heart defect. Significantly higher verbal IQs than performance IQs (probably related to deficits in visuospatial-perceptual functioning) were found. Problems in social-emotional functioning and attention were also found. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to provide an accurate prognosis and appropriate intervention for VCFS children.