Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemagglutinin-esterase-specific monoclonal antibodies alter the neuropathogenicity of mouse hepatitis virus

Some of mouse hepatitis virus strains contain an optional envelope glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein. To understand the functional significance of this protein, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for this protein were generated and used for passive immunization of mice. None of these MAbs showed any virus-neutralizing activity in vitro; however, mice passively immunized with the purified MAbs were protected from lethal infection by the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus. Passive immunization altered the pathogenicity such that the virus caused subacute and chronic demyelination instead of acute lethal encephalitis. Virus titers in the brains of the immunized mice were significantly lower than those for the nonimmunized control mice, suggesting that the virus replication or spread was inhibited. In addition, histopathological analysis indicated that the spread of virus in the brain and spinal cord was significantly inhibited in the immunized mice. Furthermore, the mononuclear cell infiltration in the immunized mice appeared earlier than in the nonimmunized mice, suggesting that the exogenous antibody might have activated host immune responses, and thus facilitated clearance of the virus or virus-infected cells. The same protective effects were observed for both JHM(2) and JHM(3) viruses, which expressed different amounts of the HE protein. In contrast, mice infected with At11f, a variant of JHM which does not express the HE protein, were not protected by these MAbs, suggesting that protection was mediated by the specific interaction between the MAb and the HE protein. Thus, the mechanism of protection by the exogenous HE-specific MAbs may represent the early activation of innate immune mechanisms in response to the interaction between the MAbs and the HE protein.
Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells: Current Challenges and New Trends

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood stream play a critical role in establishing metastases. The clinical value of CTCs as a biomarker for early cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, stratification, and pharmacodynamics have been widely explored in recent years. However, the clinical utility of current CTC tests is limited mainly due to methodological constraints. In this review, the pros and cons of the reported CTC assays are comprehensively discussed. In addition, the potential of tumor cell-derived materials as new targets for CTC detection, including circulating tumor microemboli, cell fragments, and circulating DNA, is evaluated. Finally, emerging approaches for CTC detection, including telomerase-based or aptamer-based assays and cell functional analysis, are also assessed. Expectantly, a thorough review of the current knowledge and technology of CTC detection will assist the scientific community in the development of more efficient CTC assay systems.
The Effect of Replacing Fish Meal in the Diet with Enzyme-Treated Soybean Meal (HP310) on Growth and Body Composition of Rainbow Trout Fry

The potential of enzyme-treated soybean meal powder (HP310) as fish meal alternative in diets for rainbow trout weighing 1.17 ± 0.3 g was evaluated for 60 days. Fish meal was replaced with HP310 at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of experimental diets. A control group was also considered. The results showed that diets containing 75% and 100% HP310 had significantly higher feed conversion ratio and lower feed intake, weight gain and specific growth rate compared to fish feed diets containing higher levels of fish protein ingredients (p < 0.05). Results suggested use of 50% HP310 in trout diet had a positive effect on growth performance (p < 0.05). All fish feed diets with HP310 had lower hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cells compared to the control group, but the differences between the control and the other treatments up to 75% HP310 replacement levels of diet (p > 0.05). However increasing in level of HP310 in the diet caused a significant increase of the white blood cells (p < 0.05). The fish fed with a diet totally replaced by HP310 showed the highest values of ash and moisture content among the diets and showed significantly different levels when compared with the control and other feeding treatments (p < 0.05).
An investigation of early response as a mediator in group psychotherapy for women with post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders

The depression, substance abuse, and bulimia psychotherapy literature has demonstrated that symptom improvement within the first 4-8 weeks of treatment bears a predictive relationship with long-term outcomes and that this information can be used for treatment planning purposes. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which early response is related to therapeutic change. Theoretical arguments maintain that early improvement reflects the effects of nonspecific factors and may mediate the oft-observed relationship between common factors, such as therapeutic alliance, and post-treatment outcomes. Early response to psychotherapy has not been studied among individuals with PTSD. Utilizing data from the Clinical Trials Network Women and Trauma Study, the present study assessed the predictive validity of early treatment response among 353 women diagnosed with PTSD and substance use disorders. Participants were randomized to receive 12 sessions of Seeking Safety group psychotherapy or Women’s Health Education over 6 weeks. It was hypothesized that early response mediated the relationship between helping alliance and subsequent trauma and substance abuse outcomes, and that subjects in Seeking Safety improved more rapidly. ROC curves were used to assess the validity of early response and to generate clinical cutoff values predicting an individual’s likelihood of non-response during follow-up. Latent growth curve methodology was utilized to test the proposed mediation model. While subjects demonstrated early improvement in trauma symptoms, there was no early improvement in substance abuse symptoms. Trauma symptom severity and cumulative abstinence at the fourth week of treatment predicted response status up to one year following treatment with a fair to excellent degree of accuracy. The rates of early improvement in trauma symptoms showed near-significant differences between the two treatment groups (p = .06), suggesting that trauma symptoms improved more quickly among
Julia: A Fresh Approach to Numerical Computing

Bridging cultures that have often been distant, Julia combines expertise from the diverse fields of computer science and computational science to create a new approach to numerical computing. Julia is designed to be easy and fast and questions notions generally held to be “laws of nature" by practitioners of numerical computing: \beginlist \item High-level dynamic programs have to be slow. \item One must prototype in one language and then rewrite in another language for speed or deployment. \item There are parts of a system appropriate for the programmer, and other parts that are best left untouched as they have been built by the experts. \endlist We introduce the Julia programming language and its design---a dance between specialization and abstraction. Specialization allows for custom treatment. Multiple dispatch, a technique from computer science, picks the right algorithm for the right circumstance. Abstraction, which is what good computation is really about, recognizes what remains the same after dif.
Assessment of cellular proliferation in oral verrucous carcinoma and well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma using Ki67: a non-reliable factor for differential diagnosis?

BACKGROUND Non-invasive oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) and invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have similar histopathologic findings but different biological behavior. These two malignancies must be correctly differentiated by pathologists. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki67 in OVC and well-differentiated OSCC. METHODS Expression of Ki67 was evaluated by IHC in 15 cases of epithelial hyperplasia with no dysplasia (A group), 15 cases of OVC (B group), 12 cases of microinvasive OSCC(C group) and 15 cases of well-differentiated OSCC (D group). RESULTS There was a significant difference in Ki67 expression based on pattern distribution of immunostaining positive cells, with quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses, among the four groups ; also, between A group and each of the other three groups (P=0.0001). But there was no significant difference between B and C, C and D, and B and D groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The three evaluation methods of Ki67 expression showed Ki67 (Mib-1) is not a good immunohistochemical marker to assess invasion status and differentiate OVC from well-differentiated OSCC; also, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between variants of OSCC with similar grade.
Anechoic Blind Source Separation Using Wigner Marginals

Blind source separation problems emerge in many applications, where signals can be modeled as superpositions of multiple sources. Many popular applications of blind source separation are based on linear instantaneous mixture models. If specific invariance properties are known about the sources, for example, translation or rotation invariance, the simple linear model can be extended by inclusion of the corresponding transformations. When the sources are invariant against translations (spatial displacements or time shifts) the resulting model is called an anechoic mixing model. We present a new algorithmic framework for the solution of anechoic problems in arbitrary dimensions. This framework is derived from stochastic time-frequency analysis in general, and the marginal properties of the Wigner-Ville spectrum in particular. The method reduces the general anechoic problem to a set of anechoic problems with non-negativity constraints and a phase retrieval problem. The first type of subproblem can be solved by existing algorithms, for example by an appropriate modification of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The second subproblem is solved by established phase retrieval methods. We discuss and compare implementations of this new algorithmic framework for several example problems with synthetic and real-world data, including music streams, natural 2D images, human motion trajectories and two-dimensional shapes.
Infrared therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to assess the degree of pain relief obtained by applying infrared (IR) energy to the low back in patients with chronic, intractable low back pain. METHODS Forty patients with chronic low back pain of over six years' duration were recruited from patients attending the Rothbart Pain Management Clinic, North York, Ontario. They came from the patient lists of three physicians at the clinic, and were randomly assigned to IR therapy or placebo treatment. One patient dropped out of the placebo group; as a result, 21 patients received IR therapy and 18 received placebo therapy. The IR therapy was provided by two small, portable units in a sturdy waistband powered by small, rechargeable batteries made by MSCT Infrared Wraps Inc (Canada). These units met safety standards for Food and Drug Administration portability, and are registered with the Food and Drug Administration as a therapeutic device. The unit converted electricity to IR energy at 800 nm to 1200 nm wavelength. The treated group received IR therapy. The placebo group had identical units, but the power was not connected to the circuit-board within the IR pad. Patients attended seven weekly sessions. One baseline and six weekly sets of values were recorded. The principle measure of outcome was pain rated on the numerical rating scale (NRS). The pain was assessed overall, then rotating and bending in different directions. RESULTS The mean NRS scores in the treatment group fell from 6.9 of 10 to 3 of 10 at the end of the study. The mean NRS in the placebo group fell from 7.4 of 10 to 6 of 10. CONCLUSION The IR therapy unit used was demonstrated to be effective in reducing chronic low back pain, and no adverse effects were observed.
Rapid Incremental Parsing with Repair

This work describes a method of achieving rapid, reliable parsing of natural text through the application of three techniques: (1) resolving small questions sequentially, (2) repairing errors directly, instead of searching through a non-deterministic space, and (3) recognizing major constituents before analyzing the details of their internal structure. The resulting parser, which I call CASS, is fast and accurate. It parses a million words in 5-6 hours; that is as fast as the fastest parsers reported in the literature. Its accuracy at recognizing chunks (mid-level constituents) and at identifying subjects and predicates is 95% or better.
Preemptable remote execution facilities for the V-system

A remote execution facility allows a user of a workstation-based distributed system to offload programs onto idle workstations, thereby providing the user with access to computational resources beyond that provided by his personal workstation. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of the remote execution facility in the V distributed system, as well as several implementation issues of interest. In particular, we focus on network transparency of the execution environment, preemption and migration of remotely executed programs, and avoidance of residual dependencies on the original host. We argue that preemptable remote execution allows idle workstations to be used a a "pool of processors" without interfering with use by their owners and without significant overhead for the normal execution of programs. In general, we conclude that the cost of providing preemption is modest compared to providing a similar amount of computation service by dedicated "computation engines".
Comparison between an instructor-led course and training using a voice advisory manikin in initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill acquisition

Objective We compared training using a voice advisory manikin (VAM) with an instructor-led (IL) course in terms of acquisition of initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills, as defined by the 2010 resuscitation guidelines. Methods This study was a randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel-group trial. We recruited 82 first-year emergency medical technician students and distributed them randomly into two groups: the IL group (n=41) and the VAM group (n=37). In the IL-group, participants were trained in “single-rescuer, adult CPR” according to the American Heart Association’s Basic Life Support course for healthcare providers. In the VAM group, all subjects received a 20-minute lesson about CPR. After the lesson, each student trained individually with the VAM for 1 hour, receiving real-time feedback. After the training, all subjects were evaluated as they performed basic CPR (30 compressions, 2 ventilations) for 4 minutes. Results The proportion of participants with a mean compression depth ≥50 mm was 34.1% in the IL group and 27.0% in the VAM group, and the proportion with a mean compression depth ≥40 mm had increased significantly in both groups compared with ≥50 mm (IL group, 82.9%; VAM group, 86.5%). However, no significant differences were detected between the groups in this regard. The proportion of ventilations of the appropriate volume was relatively low in both groups (IL group, 26.4%; VAM group, 12.5%; P=0.396). Conclusion Both methods, the IL training using a practice-while-watching video and the VAM training, facilitated initial CPR skill acquisition, especially in terms of correct chest compression.
Conceptualizing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for Social Work Education

ABSTRACT The scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) has become a significant social movement. The newest Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards of the Council on Social Work Education explicitly identify SoTL as important in advancing social work education. This article considers social work education’s role, relationship, and responsibility in relation to SoTL. Providing a critical understanding of SoTL’s background, the article summarizes SoTL’s history and current status. Next, we explain the rationale for social work education to focus on SoTL. Then, the article provides pragmatic steps and strategies for performing SoTL. The article concludes with a discussion of specific recommendations for social work education in moving forward in the SoTL movement.
Crustal structure and evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range Province: Results from receiver function and gravity studies

Over the past several decades, contrasting models have been proposed for the physical and chemical processes responsible for the uplift and long‐term stability of the Colorado Plateau (CP) and crustal thinning beneath the Basin and Range Province (BRP) in the southwestern United States. Here we provide new constraints on the models by modeling gravity anomalies and by systematically analyzing over 15,500 P‐to‐S receiver functions recorded at 72 USArray and other broadband seismic stations on the southwestern CP and the southern BRP. Our results reveal that the BRP is characterized by a thin crust (28.2 ± 0.5 km), a mean Vp/Vs of 1.761 ± 0.014 and a mean amplitude (R) of P‐to‐S converted wave (relative to that of the direct P wave) of 0.181 ± 0.014 that are similar to a typical continental crust, consistent with the model that the thin crust was the consequence of lithospheric stretching during the Cenozoic. The CP is characterized by the thickest crust (42.3 ± 0.8 km), largest Vp/Vs (1.825 ± 0.009) and smallest R (0.105 ± 0.007) values in the study area. In addition, many stations on the CP exhibit a clear arrival before the P‐to‐S converted phase from the Moho, corresponding to a lower crustal layer of about 12 km thick with a mafic composition. We hypothesize that the lower crustal layer, which has an anomalously large density as revealed by gravity modeling and high velocities in seismic refraction lines, contributed to the long‐term stability and preuplift low elevation of the Colorado Plateau.
Investigating Children’s Multiplicative Thinking: Implications for Teaching

Multiplicative thinking is a ‘big idea’ of mathematics that underpins much of the mathematics learned beyond the early primary school years. This article reports on a recent study that utilised an interview tool and a written quiz to gather data about children’s multiplicative thinking. Our research has so far revealed that many primary aged children have a procedural view of multiplicative thinking which we believe inhibits their progress. There are two aspects to this article. First, we present some aspects of the interview tool and written quiz, along with some of findings, and we consider the implications of those findings. Second, we present a key teaching idea and an associated task that has been developed from our research. The main purpose of the article is to promote the development of conceptual understanding of the multiplicative situation as opposed to the teaching of procedures. In doing so, we encourage the explicit teaching of the many connections within the multiplicative situation and between it and other ‘big ideas’ such as proportional reasoning and algebraic thinking.
Optimal groups in music

In this article we develop a musical parser which is based on Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s Generative Theory of Tonal Music (1983). Their preference rules are adapted to incorporate recent insights from linguistic theory, in particular from Optimality Theory. Crucially, Optimality Theory provides us with a conflict resolution mechanism which allows us to determine unambiguously which rule is to be obeyed in case of a conflict between rules. The musical parser takes the form of a computational model which determines an optimal grouping structure for any given sequence of pitch events. Its viability is tested empirically by comparing its results with the results obtained from ten human subjects.
Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses Birth Order and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma—True Association or Bias?

There is inconsistent evidence that increasing birth order may be associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The authors examined the association between birth order and related variables and NHL risk in a pooled analysis (1983–2005) of 13,535 cases and 16,427 controls from 18 case-control studies within the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph). Overall, the authors found no signiﬁcant association between increasing birth order and risk of NHL ( P -trend ¼ 0.082) and signiﬁcant heterogeneity. However, a signiﬁcant association was present for a number of B- and T-cell NHL subtypes. There was considerable variation in the study-speciﬁc risks which was partly explained by study design and participant characteristics. In particular, a signiﬁcant positive association was present in population-based studies, which had lower response rates in cases and controls, but not in hospital-based studies. A signiﬁcant positive association was present in higher-socioeconomic-status (SES) participants only. Results were very similar for the related variable of sibship size. The known correlation of high birth order with low SES suggests that selection bias related to SES may be responsible for the association between birth order and NHL.
Uredinales species pathogenic on species of Myrtaceae

The nomenclature of the species of rust fungi that occur on species of Myrtaceae is reviewed. Three teleomorph and five anamorph species are accepted. One new combination is made in Physopella, a new species of Uredo is described and a new name is proposed in Uredo. To facilitate identification of the known rust fungi occurring on Myrtaceae, keys are provided to the uredinial and telial taxa. The known hosts of the myrtaceous rusts are recorded. Guava rust, Puccinia psidii, is now known to occur on species in both subfamilies of Myrtaceae, including one of two tribes of the subfamily Psiloxyloideae and seven of the 15 tribes of subfamily Myrtoideae, a total of 20 genera and 71 species. Susceptibility to Puccinia psidii seems to be low among species of Myrtaceae from the Americas but more common among taxa from Asia, Australia and the Pacific.
In Vivo Alterations in Calcium Buffering Capacity in Transgenic Mouse Model of Synucleinopathy

Abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein is centrally involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders with Parkinsonism and dementia. Previous in vitro studies suggest that α-synuclein dysregulates intracellular calcium. However, it is unclear whether these alterations occur in vivo. For this reason, we investigated calcium dynamics in transgenic mice expressing human WT α-synuclein using two-photon microscopy. We imaged spontaneous and stimulus-induced neuronal activity in the barrel cortex. Transgenic mice exhibited augmented, long-lasting calcium transients characterized by considerable deviation from the exponential decay. The most evident pathology was observed in response to a repetitive stimulation in which subsequent stimuli were presented before relaxation of calcium signal to the baseline. These alterations were detected in the absence of significant increase in neuronal spiking response compared with age-matched controls, supporting the possibility that α-synuclein promoted alterations in calcium dynamics via interference with intracellular buffering mechanisms. The characteristic shape of calcium decay and augmented response during repetitive stimulation can serve as in vivo imaging biomarkers in this model of neurodegeneration, to monitor progression of the disease and screen candidate treatment strategies.