Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Transient Response of DFIG-Based Wind Plants—The Influence of Model Simplifications and Parameters

There has been a fast growing demand for the application of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind power plants in recent years. They have in particular dominated the market in last two years. DFIG is an ideal candidate to satisfy the requirements of the recently proposed challenging grid codes. However, many uncertainties still exist or at least there are no published reports regarding validated comprehensive DFIG models. This paper attempts to clarify the existing ambiguities in modelling of DFIG under various operating conditions using the power system analysis package DIgSILENT PowerFactory. This paper uses available DFIG models and investigates/demonstrates the influence of various model parameters and simplifications (for both mechanical and electrical subsystems) on DFIG-based wind plant transient responses. It further explores and compares the performance of different crowbar protection and rotor side converter restart schemes. Realistic operational limits, such as current margins and PWM modulation limits, are taken into account in all simulations.
Association between change of health care providers and pregnancy exposure to FDA category C, D and X drugs

Background Changing health care providers frequently breaks the continuity of care, which is associated with many health care problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between a change of health care providers and pregnancy exposure to FDA category C, D and X drugs. Methods A 50% random sample of women who gave a birth in Saskatchewan between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2000 were chosen for this study. The association between the number of changes in health care providers and with pregnancy exposure to category C, D, and X drugs for those women with and without chronic diseases were evaluated using multiple logistical regression, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the association measures. Results A total of 18 568 women were included in this study. Rates of FDA C, D, and X drug uses were 14.35%, 17.07%, 21.72%, and 31.14%, in women with no change of provider, 1‐2 changes, 3‐5 changes, and more than 5 changes of health care providers. An association between the number of changes of health care providers and pregnancy exposure to FDA C, D, and X drugs existed in women without chronic diseases but not in women with chronic disease. Conclusion Change of health care providers is associated with pregnancy exposure to FDA category C, D and X drugs in women without chronic diseases. Chin Med J 2014;127(4): 702‐706
Practice Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

John G. Bartlett,1 Scott F Dowell,2 Lionel A. Mandell,6 Thomas M. File, Jr.,3 Daniel M. Musher,4 and Michael J. Fine5 'Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 3Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 4Baylor College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, and 5University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and 6McMaster University, Toronto, Canada
Impact of Microscopic Motility on the Swimming Behavior of Parasites: Straighter Trypanosomes are More Directional

Microorganisms, particularly parasites, have developed sophisticated swimming mechanisms to cope with a varied range of environments. African Trypanosomes, causative agents of fatal illness in humans and animals, use an insect vector (the Tsetse fly) to infect mammals, involving many developmental changes in which cell motility is of prime importance. Our studies reveal that differences in cell body shape are correlated with a diverse range of cell behaviors contributing to the directional motion of the cell. Straighter cells swim more directionally while cells that exhibit little net displacement appear to be more bent. Initiation of cell division, beginning with the emergence of a second flagellum at the base, correlates to directional persistence. Cell trajectory and rapid body fluctuation correlation analysis uncovers two characteristic relaxation times: a short relaxation time due to strong body distortions in the range of 20 to 80 ms and a longer time associated with the persistence in average swimming direction in the order of 15 seconds. Different motility modes, possibly resulting from varying body stiffness, could be of consequence for host invasion during distinct infective stages.
HD-MTL: Hierarchical Deep Multi-Task Learning for Large-Scale Visual Recognition

In this paper, a hierarchical deep multi-task learning (HD-MTL) algorithm is developed to support large-scale visual recognition (e.g., recognizing thousands or even tens of thousands of atomic object classes automatically). To achieve more effective accomplishment of the coarse-to-fine tasks for hierarchical visual recognition, multiple sets of deep features are first extracted from the different layers of deep convolutional neural networks (deep CNNs). A visual tree is then learned by assigning the visually-similar atomic object classes with similar learning complexities into the same group, and it can provide a good environment for identifying the inter-related learning tasks automatically. By leveraging the inter-task relatedness (inter-class similarities) to learn more discriminative group-specific deep representations, our deep multi-task learning algorithm can achieve the global optimum easily and obtain more discriminative node classifiers for distinguishing the visually-similar atomic object classes (in the same group) effectively. Our HD-MTL algorithm can control the inter-level error propagation effectively by using an end-to-end approach for jointly learning more representative deep CNNs (for image representation) and more discriminative tree classifier (for large-scale visual recognition) and updating them simultaneously. Our incremental deep learning algorithms can effectively adapt both the deep CNNs and the tree classifier to the new training images and the new object classes. Our experimental results have demonstrated that our HD-MTL algorithm can achieve very competitive results on both the accuracy rates and the computational efficiency for large-scale visual recognition.
Lunar Global Shape and Polar Topography Derived from Kaguya-LALT Laser Altimetry

A global lunar topographic map with a spatial resolution of finer than 0.5 degree has been derived using data from the laser altimeter (LALT) on board the Japanese lunar explorer Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE or Kaguya). In comparison with the previous Unified Lunar Control Network (ULCN 2005) model, the new map reveals unbiased lunar topography for scales finer than a few hundred kilometers. Spherical harmonic analysis of global topographic data for the Moon, Earth, Mars, and Venus suggests that isostatic compensation is the prevailing lithospheric support mechanism at large scales. However, simple rigid support is suggested to dominate for the Moon, Venus, and Mars for smaller scales, which may indicate a drier lithosphere than on Earth, especially for the Moon and Venus.
Investigation of thermo-physical properties of thermal insulation coating

This paper examines the thermal properties of thermal insulation coating applied to the building materials surfaces. The main objective is to determine the insulation coating impact on the heat flux transfer. The heat flux is modelled in terms of the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of a solid body. The thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient are obtained from the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem in 3D, based on the temperature measurements. The real temperature evolution is perturbed due to intrinsic properties of the measuring apparatus. We correct this situation via modelling a thermocouple function. Afterwards the determination procedure of the heat flux transfer parameters is a standard solution of the inverse problem based on the minimization of discrepancy between corrected measured data and computed temperature data.This paper examines the thermal properties of thermal insulation coating applied to the building materials surfaces. The main objective is to determine the insulation coating impact on the heat flux transfer. The heat flux is modelled in terms of the heat transfer coefficient on the surface of a solid body. The thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient are obtained from the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem in 3D, based on the temperature measurements. The real temperature evolution is perturbed due to intrinsic properties of the measuring apparatus. We correct this situation via modelling a thermocouple function. Afterwards the determination procedure of the heat flux transfer parameters is a standard solution of the inverse problem based on the minimization of discrepancy between corrected measured data and computed temperature data.
Conveying Movement in Music and Prosody

We investigated whether acoustic variation of musical properties can analogically convey descriptive information about an object. Specifically, we tested whether information from the temporal structure in music interacts with perception of a visual image to form an analog perceptual representation as a natural part of music perception. In Experiment 1, listeners heard music with an accelerating or decelerating temporal pattern, and then saw a picture of a still or moving object and decided whether it was animate or inanimate – a task unrelated to the patterning of the music. Object classification was faster when musical motion matched visually depicted motion. In Experiment 2, participants heard spoken sentences that were accompanied by accelerating or decelerating music, and then were presented with a picture of a still or moving object. When motion information in the music matched motion information in the picture, participants were similarly faster to respond. Fast and slow temporal patterns without acceleration and deceleration, however, did not make participants faster when they saw a picture depicting congruent motion information (Experiment 3), suggesting that understanding temporal structure information in music may depend on specific metaphors about motion in music. Taken together, these results suggest that visuo-spatial referential information can be analogically conveyed and represented by music and can be integrated with speech or influence the understanding of speech.
Differential Genetic Susceptibility to Child Risk at Birth in Predicting Observed Maternal Behavior

This study examined parenting as a function of child medical risks at birth and parental genotype (dopamine D4 receptor; DRD4). Our hypothesis was that the relation between child risks and later maternal sensitivity would depend on the presence/absence of a genetic variant in the mothers, thus revealing a gene by environment interaction (GXE). Risk at birth was defined by combining risk indices of children's gestational age at birth, birth weight, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. The DRD4-III 7-repeat allele was chosen as a relevant genotype as it was recently shown to moderate the effect of environmental stress on parental sensitivity. Mothers of 104 twin pairs provided DNA samples and were observed with their children in a laboratory play session when the children were 3.5 years old. Results indicate that higher levels of risk at birth were associated with less sensitive parenting only among mothers carrying the 7-repeat allele, but not among mothers carrying shorter alleles. Moreover, mothers who are carriers of the 7-repeat allele and whose children scored low on the risk index were observed to have the highest levels of sensitivity. These findings provide evidence for the interactive effects of genes and environment (in this study, children born at higher risk) on parenting, and are consistent with a genetic differential susceptibility model of parenting by demonstrating that some parents are inherently more susceptible to environmental influences, both good and bad, than are others.
Single particle motion of polymeric, colloidal, and biological materials

Small particles and their dynamics are of widespread interest due both to their unique properties and their ubiquity. Here, we investigate several classes of small particles: colloids, polymers, and liposomes. All these particles, due to their size on the order of microns, exhibit significant similarity in that they are large enough to be visualized in microscopes, but small enough to be significantly influenced by thermal (or Brownian) motion. Further, similar optical microscopy and experimental techniques are commonly employed to investigate all these particles. In this work, we develop single particle tracking techniques, which allow thorough characterization of individual particle dynamics, observing many behaviors which would be overlooked by methods which time or ensemble average. The various particle systems are also similar in that frequently, the signal-to-noise ratio represented a significant concern. In many cases, development of image analysis and particle tracking methods optimized to low signal-to-noise was critical to performing experimental observations. The simplest particles studied, in terms of their interaction potentials, were chemically homogeneous (though optically anisotropic) hard-sphere colloids. Using these spheres, we explored the comparatively underdeveloped conjunction of translation and rotation and particle hydrodynamics. Developing off this, the dynamics of clusters of spherical colloids were investigated, exploring how shape anisotropy influences the translation and rotation respectively. Transitioning away from uniform hard-sphere potentials, the interactions of amphiphilic colloidal particles were explored, observing the effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions upon pattern assembly and inter-particle dynamics. Interaction potentials were altered in a different fashion by working with suspensions of liposomes, which, while homogeneous, introduce the possibility of deformation. Even further degrees of freedom were introduced by observing the interaction of particles and then polymers within polymer suspensions or along lipid tubules. Throughout, while examination of the trajectories revealed that while by some measures, the averaged behaviors accorded with expectation, often closer examination made possible by single particle tracking revealed novel and unexpected phenomena.
Inversion of a lidar waveform model for forest biophysical parameter estimation

Due to its measurement principle, light detection and ranging (lidar) is particularly suited to estimate the horizontal as well as vertical distribution of forest structure. Quantification and characterization of forest structure is important for the understanding of the forest ecosystem functioning and, moreover, will help to assess carbon sequestration within forests. The relationship between the signal recorded by a lidar system and the canopy structure of a forest can be accurately characterized by physically based radiative transfer models (RTMs). A three-dimensional RTM is capable of representing the complex forest canopy structure as well as the involved physical processes of the lidar pulse interactions with the vegetation. Consequently, the inversion of such an RTM presents a novel concept to retrieve biophysical forest parameters that exploits the full lidar signal and underlying physical processes. A synthetic dataset and data acquired in the Swiss National Park (SNP) successfully demonstrated the feasibility and the potential of RTM inversion to retrieve forest structure from large-footprint lidar waveform data. The SNP lidar data consist of waveforms generated from the aggregation of small-footprint lidar returns. Derived forest biophysical parameters, such as fractional cover, leaf area index, maximum tree height, and the vertical crown extension, were able to describe the horizontal and vertical forest canopy structure.
The potential of binary blended geopolymer binder containing Ijero-Ekiti calcined kaolin clay and ground waste window glass

The aim of this study was to investigate alkaline reactivity potentials of calcined clay and ground waste window glass with NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution to form geopolymer, an inorganic binder. A calcined clay (CC) sourced from Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria, was replaced by various proportions (0, 25, 50 and 75%) of ground waste window glass (GWWG) and subjected to alkaline activation by NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution. X-ray florescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were applied to characterise the materials and the resulting geopolymers. The XRF results revealed the main oxides of Ijero-Ekiti clay as SiO2 and Al2O3 and for GWWG as SiO2 and Na2O. The FTIR results confirm the clay as kaolin clay which is suitable for geopolymer synthesis. The synthesised geopolymer binders were cured at room temperature for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Their compressive strengths, dry density and water absorption were measured. Geopolymers with ground waste window glass (GWWG) indicated higher strengths at both early and late curing times. The final 28-day compressive strength values of GWWG-CC-based geopolymers observed was in the range of 17.3±0.6 to 23.1±0.7 MPa compared with 11.6±0.4 to 14.5±1.4 MPa for 100% CC-geopolymers. Calcined clay replacement up to 75% glass yielded the highest strength. Addition of window waste glass enhanced both early and late strength gain of the geopolymers and improved physical properties. Therefore, GWWG-CC-geopolymers could serve as potential binders in making green construction and building materials. Key words: Ijero-Ekiti kaolin clay, waste window glass, recycling, clay-waste-glass-geopolymer, compressive strength development.
Interaction of Individual and Social Antecedents of Learning Effectiveness: A Study in the IT Research Context

Individual learning is key to performance for knowledge-intensive activities such as information technology research. Individuals' learning effectiveness is inevitably influenced by both individual differences and the social forces of their surrounding context. While learning can be arduous and the effects of both sets of factors need to be understood to facilitate it, prior studies have typically examined social and individual aspects separately. This study integrates individual factors from the symbolic cognition perspective with social factors from the situated cognition view in a model to explain learning effectiveness. The model was tested through a survey of individual learners working on information technology-related research projects. The findings indicate that the individual factors of knowledge sourcing initiative and learning orientation as well as the social factors of shared understanding and prosharing norms have significant influences on individuals' learning effectiveness. Further, network ties and prosharing norms interact with learning orientation and knowledge sourcing initiative, respectively, to influence learning effectiveness. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Long-term Exposure to Local but Not Inhalation Anesthetics Affects Neurite Regeneration and Synapse Formation between Identified Lymnaea Neurons

Background:General and local anesthetics are used in various combinations during surgical procedures to repair damaged tissues and organs, which in almost all instances involve nervous system functions. Because synaptic transmission recovers rapidly from various inhalation anesthetics, it is generally assumed that their effects on nerve regeneration and synapse formation that precede injury or surgery may not be as detrimental as that of their local counterparts. However, a direct comparison of most commonly used inhalation (sevoflurane, isoflurane) and local anesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine), vis-à-vis their effects on synapse transmission, neurite regeneration, and synapse formation has not yet been performed. Methods:In this study, using cell culture, electrophysiologic and imaging techniques on unequivocally identified presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons from the mollusc Lymnaea, the authors provided a comparative account of the effects of both general and local anesthetics on synaptic transmission, nerve regeneration, and synapse formation between cultured neurons. Results:The data show that clinically used concentrations of both inhalation and local anesthetics affect synaptic transmission in a concentration-dependent and reversal manner. The authors provided the first direct evidence that long-term overnight treatment of cultured neurons with sevoflurane and isoflurane does not affect neurite regeneration, whereas both lidocaine and bupivacaine suppress neurite outgrowth completely. The soma–soma synapse model was then used to compare the effects of both types of agents on synapse formation. The authors found that local but not inhalation anesthetics drastically reduced the incidence of synapse formation. The local anesthetic–induced prevention of synapse formation most likely involved the failure of presynaptic machinery, which otherwise developed normally in the presence of both sevoflurane and isoflurane. Conclusion:This study thus provides the first comparative, albeit preclinical, account of the effects of both general and local anesthetics on synaptic transmission, nerve regeneration, and synapse formation and demonstrates that clinically used lidocaine and bupivacaine have drastic long-term effects on neurite regeneration and synapse formation as compared with sevoflurane and isoflurane.
Molecular spectrum and differential diagnosis in patients referred with sporadic or autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous bone disorder characterized by recurrent fractures. Although most cases of OI have heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2 and show autosomal dominant inheritance, during the last years there has been an explosion in the number of genes responsible for both recessive and dominant forms of this condition. Herein, we have analyzed a cohort of patients with OI, all offspring of unaffected parents, to determine the spectrum of variants accounting for these cases. Twenty patients had nonrelated parents and were sporadic, and 21 were born to consanguineous relationships.
Wet Extraction of Lipids and Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether

Recently, a simple method for the extraction of lipids from wet cyanobacterial microalgae using liquefied dimethyl ether (DME) without drying, cell disruption, or heating was proposed. Herein, the versatility of this method was evaluated using Haematococcus pluvialis at 0.59 MPa and 25°C. Direct extraction of lipids from H. pluvialis of moisture-rich microalgae was successfully achieved, in a lipid extraction yield of 30.0% of the dry weight of the microalgae. The astaxanthin concentration in the extracted lipid was 0.33%, which was lower than the 1.82% achieved by the commonly-used acetone extraction, which incorporates drying and cell disruption. The carbon and hydrogen content were improved after DME extraction. In addition, 92% of water in the wet H. pluvialis was removed. Compared with other extractions, liquefied DME combines drying, cell description, and solvent extraction into one step.
Accuracy of the density-matrix renormalization-group method.

White's density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) method has been applied to the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field (ITF), in order to study the accuracy of the numerical algorithm. Due to the exact solubility of the ITF for any finite chain length, the errors introduced by the basis truncation procedure could have been directly analyzed. By computing different properties, like the energies of the low-lying levels or the ground-state one- and two-point correlation functions, we obtained a detailed picture of how these errors behave as functions of the various model and algorithm parameters. Our experience with the ITF contributes to a better understanding of the DMRG method, and may facilitate its optimization in other applications.