Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral candidiasis and nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised patients

The prevalence of oral candidiasis and its association with malnutrition in terms of protein–energy malnutrition and mineral and vitamin depletion were evaluated in ninety-seven hospitalised older adults aged 82·1 (SD 8·6) years. Patients underwent a complete oral examination with microbiological investigation on admission to our geriatric rehabilitation unit. Patients were assessed nutritionally by evaluation of dietary intake and measurement of anthropometric variables, serum nutritional proteins, ferritin, Zn, folate, vitamins B12 and C. The prevalence of oral candidiasis was 37% (n 36); the proportion of patients with BMI <20 kg/m2 was 32% (n 31). The nutritional status of the population was studied by comparing two groups defined according to the absence (group I; n 61) or presence (group II; n 36) of oral candidiasis. The two groups did not differ on the basis of BMI and mid-arm circumference. However, group II had a smaller leg circumference, lower daily energy and protein intakes, lower albumin and transthyretin levels. Patients successfully treated with fluconazole increased their intake on day 30. The proportion of patients with hypozincaemia (<12·5 μmol/l) and vitamin C deficiency (<0·7 mg/l) was higher in group II. Treatment with antibiotics, poor oral hygiene, denture wearing, and vitamin C deficiency appeared as the most significant independent risk factors associated with oral candidiasis. The present findings show that oral candidiasis appears to be related to malnutrition and results in mucosal lesions that have a negative impact on energy intake, which may subsequently worsen nutritional status.
SenseCam, imagery and bias in memory for wellbeing

Identifying and modifying the negative interpretation bias that characterises depression is central to successful treatment. While accumulating evidence indicates that mental imagery is particularly effective in the modification of emotional bias, this research typically incorporates static and unrelated ambiguous stimuli. SenseCam technology, and the resulting video-like footage, offers an opportunity to produce training stimuli that are dynamic and self-relevant. Here participants experienced several ambiguous tasks and subsequently viewed SenseCam footage of the same tasks, paired with negative or positive captions. Participants were trained to use mental imagery to inter-relate SenseCam footage and captions. Participants reported increased levels of happy mood, reduced levels of sad mood, and increased task enjoyment following SenseCam review with positive versus negative captions. This shift in emotional bias was also evident at 24-hour follow-up, as participants recollected greater task enjoyment for those tasks previously paired with positive captions. Mental imagery appears to play an important role in this process. These preliminary results indicate that in healthy volunteers, SenseCam can be used within a bias modification paradigm to shift mood and memory for wellbeing associated with performing everyday activities. Further refinements are necessary before similar methods can be applied to individuals suffering from subclinical and clinical depression.
Soccer coaches’ and referees’ perceptions of tackle incidents with respect to the laws of the game

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the perceptions of coaches and referees about decisions made by the match referees about player to player contact situations during the UEFA Euro 2012 soccer tournament. A video was produced of 106 incidents and analysed with respect to the laws of the game. The match referees made the correct decision for 91 of the 106 incidents and applied the correct sanction for 88 of the incidents. Seven coaches and six referees viewed the video indicating whether or not they agreed with the match referees’ decisions and sanctions, providing supporting comments where they disagreed. The correctness of the coaches and referees decisions was similar to that of the match referees. The supporting comments revealed that the four elements of Mascarenhas et al.’s (2005) ‘Cornerstones Model’ developed for rugby union refereeing were all transferrable to soccer refereeing. The study found that refereeing decisions involve interpretation of the laws of the game. The participants perceived that decisions were influenced by contextual factors, referees needed to balance game management and control with correct application of the laws of the game and that referee movement and positioning was important to good decision making.
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice Improving Dynamic Software Analysis by Applying Grammar Inference Principles

SUMMARY Grammar inference is a family of machine learning techniques that aim to infer grammars from a sample of sentences in some (unknown) language. Dynamic analysis is a family of techniques in the domain of software engineering that attempts to infer rules that govern the behaviour of software systems from a sample of executions. Despite their disparate domains, both fields have broadly similar aims; they try to infer rules that govern the behaviour of some unknown system from a sample of observations. Deriving general rules about program behaviour from dynamic analysis is difficult because it is virtually impossible to identify and supply a complete sample of necessary program executions. The problems that arise with incomplete input samples have been extensively investigated in the grammar inference community. This has resulted in a number of advances that have produced increasingly sophisticated solutions that are more successful at accurately inferring grammars from (potentially) sparse information about the underlying system. This paper investigates the similarities and shows how many of these advances can be applied with similar effect to dynamic analysis problems by a series of small experiments on random state machines.
Autosomal dominant erythrocytosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with an activating HIF 2

reaction (PCR) methods as previously described in detail.1,2 Forty-six (1.8%) cases showed an ambiguous result and were not considered for further analysis. Of the remaining 2498 cases, 904 (36.2%) were BCR-ABL (599 24% minor breakpoint region [m-bcr] and 282 11.3% major breakpoint region [M-bcr], 15 0.6% both, M-bcr and m-bcr, and 8 atypical transcripts), and 1594 were BCR-ABL . Atypical transcripts were not systematically detected before 20001 and thus had to be excluded from further analysis. We grouped patients into age cohorts at 10-year intervals according to their age at diagnosis, each comprising between 277 and 481 patients and found a remarkable increase of BCR-ABL frequency in adolescents and young adults (Figure 1). It increased from 12.7% in adolescents (15-24 years) to 30.6% and 43.7% in patients aged 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 years, respectively. In patients older than 44 years, the BCR-ABL frequency showed no further increment and ranged between 42% and 44%. The increase of BCRABL frequency was paralleled by a relative increase of M-bcr transcripts. These transcripts accounted for 16.4% of all BCR-ABL-positive cases in adolescents (15-24 years). Their relative frequency increased to 22.5% in 25to 34-year-olds and to 36.8% in 35to 44-year-olds and remained between 33% and 36.2% from then on. The reason for this age dependency is not obvious. The relative frequencies of immunologic subtypes (78.2% common, 19.9% pre-B, 1.9% pro-B) of BCR-ABL patients did not differ significantly across the age groups. Moreover, the frequency of BCR-ABL was also not significantly different in woman compared with men. Our study excluded lymphatic blast crises in patients with known chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous work has indicated that M-bcr– and m-bcr– positive ALL may arise from different sets of hematopoietic progenitor cells,3 but this does not explain the age dependency.Anumber of genetic markers in ALL show a marked age dependency (reviewed in Armstrong and Look4), eg, TEL-AML1, TLX1, and TLX3, MLL aberrations (especially in infant ALL). Our data provide additional information on the biology of BCR-ABL-positive ALL and substantiate evidence of age-dependent variation in the genetic background of ALL.
Performance of several simple, noninvasive models for assessing significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Aim To compare the performance of several simple, noninvasive models comprising various serum markers in diagnosing significant liver fibrosis in the same sample of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with the same judgment standard. Methods A total of 308 patients with CHB who had undergone liver biopsy, laboratory tests, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at the Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China between March 2010 and April 2014 were retrospectively studied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under ROC curves (AUROCs) were used to analyze the results of the models, which incorporated age-platelet (PLT) index (API model), aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR model), AST to PLT ratio index (APRI model), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) to PLT ratio index (GPRI model), GGT-PLT-albumin index (S index model), age-AST-PLT-ALT index (FIB-4 model), and age-AST-PLT-ALT-international normalized ratio index (Fibro-Q model). Results The AUROCs of the S index, GPRI, FIB-4, APRI, API, Fibro-Q, AAR, and LSM for predicting significant liver fibrosis were 0.726 (P < 0.001), 0.726 (P < 0.001), 0.621 (P = 0.001), 0.619 (P = 0.001), 0.580 (P = 0.033), 0.569 (P = 0.066), 0.495 (P = 0.886), and 0.757 (P < 0.001), respectively. The S index and GPRI had the highest correlation with histopathological scores (r = 0.373, P < 0.001; r = 0.372, P < 0.001, respectively) and LSM values (r = 0.516, P < 0.001; r = 0.513, P < 0.001, respectively). When LSM was combined with S index and GPRI, the AUROCs were 0.753 (P < 0.001) and 0.746 (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion S index and GPRI had the best diagnostic performance for significant liver fibrosis and were robust predictors of significant liver fibrosis in patients with CHB for whom transient elastography was unavailable.
Comments on uncertainty in groundwater governance in the volcanic Canary islands, Spain

The uncertainty associated with natural magnitudes and processes is conspicuous in water resources and groundwater evaluation. This uncertainty has an essential component and a part that can be reduced to some extent by increasing knowledge, improving monitoring coverage, continuous elaboration of data and accuracy and addressing the related economic and social aspects involved. Reducing uncertainty has a cost that may not be justified by the improvement that is obtainable, but that has to be known to make the right decisions. With this idea, this paper contributes general comments on the evaluation of groundwater resources in the semiarid Canary Islands and on some of the main sources of uncertainty, but a full treatment is not attempted, nor how to reduce it. Although the point of view is local, these comments may help to address similar situations on other islands where similar problems appear. A consequence of physical and hydrological uncertainty is that different hydrogeological and water resource studies and evaluations may yield different results. Understanding and coarsely evaluating uncertainty helps in reducing administrative instability, poor decisions that may harm groundwater property rights, the rise of complaints and the sub-optimal use of the scarce water resources available in semiarid areas. Transparency and honesty are needed, but especially a clear understanding of what numbers mean and the uncertainty around them, to act soundly and avoid conflicting and damaging rigid attitudes. However, the different situations could condition that what may be good in a place, may not always be the case in other places.
Anatomy of an Entrepreneur: Family Background and Motivation

Entrepreneurs are among the most celebrated people in our culture. Celebrity entrepreneurs such as Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, often grace the covers of prominent publications. These company founders and innovators fuel economic growth and give the nation its competitive edge. However, very little is known today about the backgrounds, life histories, motivations and beliefs of these entrepreneurs. So myths and stereotypes prevail. The commonly held belief is that entrepreneurs are young, lightly-educated, childless unmarried workaholics. They are perceived to come from rich families and graduate from elite colleges. But is this true? This research answers some of these questions. This is based on a survey of 549 company founders in 12 high-growth industries. It finds that most founders came from middle-class or upper-lower-class backgrounds, are well-educated and married with children. The strongest motivation for starting a company was to "build wealth". Other popular motivators included capitalizing on a business idea; the appeal of a startup culture; a desire to own a company; and a lack of interest in working for someone else.
Performance effects of Aspect Oriented Programming

Aspect Oriented Programming is a new programming technique. This technique reduces the number of points where crosscutting, for instance logging, code has to be placed to a single point. This code, called advices, is later placed at the places where the programmer wants it, the join points. The placing of this code is done automatically and can therefore be dependant on the program, a weaver, which does it. This study is about the performance effects between programs created by such a weaver and a hand-coded version. The simplest advices give no real performance penalties, the more sophisticated, which access non-static join point data, are a little slower. The most sophisticated ones that modify the flow or are dependant on that flow are much slower.
Unweaving Leaving: The Use of Models in the Management of Employee Turnover

This paper offers a review of the literature on labour turnover in organizations. Initially, the importance of the subject area is established, as analyses of turnover are outlined and critiqued. This leads to a discussion of the various ways in which turnover and its consequences are measured. The potentially critical impact of turnover behaviour on organizational effectiveness is presented as justification for the need to model turnover, as a precursor to prediction and prevention. Key models from the literature of labour turnover are presented and critiqued.
An Efficient Channel Estimator for Frequency Hopping System via Propagator Method

In this paper, the multi-path time delay estimation problem for a Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) system using the Propagator Method (PM) is considered. Two novel techniques are proposed. The first technique is developed by applying the Propagator Method (PM) in association with the well-known MUSIC algorithm. Based on the proposed technique a highly efficient estimator has been achieved. The second technique is a simple closed-form expression which is obtained by applying PM and Eigen Value Decomposition (EVD) of the projection matrix. The proposed techniques generate estimates of the unknown parameters. Such estimates are based on the observation and/or covariance matrices. Moreover, the PM itself does not require the EVD or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the Cross-Spectral Matrix (CSM) of received signals. As a result, a significant improvement in computational load is achieved. Computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Is Chess Just a Game, or is it a Mirror that Reflects the Child's Inner World?

Children learn so many things (rules, science, mathematics, etc.) by the help of the games. Chess is also an enjoyable game for most children. The chess grandmaster Karpov stated that chess is everything – art, science, and sport. However, this raises the questions concerning how children evaluate chess and whether chess reflects the child’s inner worlds? The purpose of this study is to investigate how children evaluate chess, to understand children’s inner world via chess and also examine the children’s chess analogies. The study was carried out with 87 six year old children (42 girls and 45 boys), from a public preschool in Ankara, during the spring of 2015-2016 academic year. The Children’s Chess Questionnaire used as the data collection instrument in this study. A descriptive analysis method was used to classify the children’s responses. The findings show that children have positive attitudes to chess and chess reflects their inherent desire to win. This is a product of the ego just because the ego always tries to protect the organism from all kind of harmful effects, especially internal effects. Furthermore, children are able to make various analogies between chess and real life.
A full wave analysis of a terahertz-pulse generation for wide-bandgap photoconductive antennas using a field-carrier transport scheme

A full wave analysis of generating terahertz pulses from photoconductive antennas is described. By using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method incorporated with semiconductor carrier transport equations, photocurrents and wave propagation inside photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) antenna can be calculated. The numerical result shows nonlinear behavior of terahertz-pulse generation following laser induced activation of the PCSS. This attributes to the transient field redistribution, carrier generation characteristics, and field acceleration. A comparison of the radiation characteristics from using this simulation approach and from the previous measurement data is in agreement, providing a proof of concept. The frequency spectra of radiation were found in the frequency range of 0.1–4.0 THz.
Extracted haralick's texture features and morphological parameters from segmented multispectrale texture bio-images for classification of colon cancer cells

The automatic recognition and classification of biomedical objects can enhance work efficiency while identifying new inter-relationships among biological features. In this paper two features types, Haralick's features based GLCM are applied for classification of cancer cell of textured images and morphological parameters based of cells detection. The objective in our work is the selection of the most discriminating parameters for cancer cells classification. In this work, a new approach aiming to detect and classify colon cancer cells is presented. Our detection approach was derived from the "Snake" method but using a progressive division of the dimensions of the image to achieve faster segmentation. Classification of three cell types was based on nine morphological parameters and five Haralick's features on probabilistic neural network. Three morphological parameters and three Haralick's features were used to assess the efficiency classifications models, including Benign Hyperplasia (BH), Intraepithelial Neoplasia (IN) that is a precursor state for cancer, and Carcinoma (Ca) that corresponds to abnormal tissue proliferation (cancer). Results showed that segmentation of microscopic images using this technique was of higher efficiency than the conventional Snake method. The time consumed during segmentation was decreased to more than 50%. The efficiency of this method resides in its ability to segment Ca type cells that was difficult through other segmentation procedures. Among the nine parameters morphology and five Haralick's features used to classify cells, only three morphologic parameters (Area, Xor convex and Solidity) and three Haralick's features (Correlation, Entropy and Contrast) were found to be effective to discriminate between the three types of cells. In addition, classification of unknown cells was possible using the morphology method. However, some IN cells were wrongly classified as BH cells due to their shapes that were similar to those of BH cells. On the other side, the classification based on three parameters (Correlation, Entropy and Contrast) were found to be effective to discriminate between the three types of cells without wrong. The results obtained using several images show the efficacy of our proposed method.
Haptic Force-Feedback Devices for the Office Computer: Performance and Musculoskeletal Loading Issues

Pointing devices, essential input tools for the graphical user interface (GUI) of desktop computers, require precise motor control and dexterity to use. Haptic force-feedback devices provide the human operator with tactile cues, adding the sense of touch to existing visual and auditory interfaces. However, the performance enhancements, comfort, and possible musculoskeletal loading of using a force-feedback device in an office environment are unknown. Hypothesizing that the time to perform a task and the self-reported pain and discomfort of the task improve with the addition of force feedback, 26 people ranging in age from 22 to 44 years performed a point-and-click task 540 times with and without an attractive force field surrounding the desired target. The point-and-click movements were approximately 25% faster with the addition of force feedback (paired t-tests, p < 0.001). Perceived user discomfort and pain, as measured through a questionnaire, were also smaller with the addition of force feedback (p < 0.001). However, this difference decreased as additional distracting force fields were added to the task environment, simulating a more realistic work situation. These results suggest that for a given task, use of a force-feedback device improves performance, and potentially reduces musculoskeletal loading during mouse use. Actual or potential applications of this research include human-computer interface design, specifically that of the pointing device extensively used for the graphical user interface.
Motivation with misinformation: Conceptualizing lacuna individuals and publics as knowledge-deficient, issue-negative activists

ABSTRACT As fake news continues to abound on the Internet, the need for theorizing on the impact of misinformation on individuals’ perceptions of various social issues is dire. Using the issue of vaccine negativity in the United States, this study proposes the idea of lacuna individuals as issue-specific active publics holding negative attitudes and having deficient issue-specific knowledge. Results reveal that knowledge-deficient, vaccine-negative individuals display higher levels of perceptions, motivations, and active communication behaviors about vaccines. Results, therefore, support the conceptualization of lacuna individuals, and publics, as knowledge-deficient activists holding high levels of negative attitudes.
Downregulation of the Escherichia coli guaB promoter by FIS

The Escherichia coli guaB promoter (PguaB) regulates transcription of two genes, guaB and guaA, that are required for the synthesis of guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP), a precursor for the synthesis of guanine nucleoside triphosphates. Transcription from PguaB increases as a function of increasing cellular growth rate, and this is referred to as growth rate-dependent control (GRDC). Here we investigated the role of the factor for inversion stimulation (FIS) in the regulation of this promoter. The results showed that there are three binding sites for FIS centred near positions −11, +8 and +29 relative to the guaB transcription start site. Binding of FIS to these sites results in repression of PguaB in vitro but not in vivo. Deletion of the fis gene results in increased PguaB activity in vivo, but GRDC of PguaB is maintained.