Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saudiization and job performance: opportunities and constraints in the management of Saudi national employees in the public sector

This study aims to develop an in-depth understanding of the policy of Saudiization, situating it within its real-life context in the Saudi public sector. The purpose is to evaluate critically how national culture-based programmes like Saudiization, infused as they are with universalistic assumptions, can affect organisations, focusing specifically on their impact upon job performance and organisational effectiveness. Adopting an holistic and integrative approach, Saudiization is examined, both in process and content terms, and from different dimensions (strategic, cultural, organisational, and managerial). Within each dimension, related literature is critically reviewed to guide the discussion and frame the investigation of the linkage between Saudiization and job performance. The main findings reveal the reality of Saudi society and work organizations to be diverse, yet neglected in policy deliberations. There are cultural differences, diversities and contradictions within Saudi society and organisations, despite commonalities and similarities at the macro level. These differences and diversities have been found to influence work-related values, attitudes, behaviour, relationships and practices significantly, making the link between national culture, organisational culture and job performance more complex than predicted through Saudiization and in previous studies. The failure to recognize this diversity and complexity limits the potential of Saudiization, and in some areas detracts from the stated aim of improving job performance and organisational effectiveness. Taken together, the theoretical and empirical sections of this thesis provide a more compelling and realistic picture of the cultural diversities within Saudi society and organisations, counteracting the influence of narrow yet popular accounts of homogeneity. Pluralist thinking is incorporated to provide a better understanding of the complex link between organisational culture and job performance and to highlight the pitfalls of the crossvergence perspective when examining the link between national culture and local management practices. The crossvergence perspective tends to omit intra-cultural differences and subcultures, implying that management values and practices are culture or country-specific.
Knowlege Graph Embedding by Flexible Translation

Knowledge graph embedding refers to projecting entities and relations in knowledge graph into continuous vector spaces. State-of-the-art methods, such as TransE, TransH, and TransR build embeddings by treating relation as translation from head entity to tail entity. However, previous models can not deal with reflexive/one-to-many/many-to-one/many-to-many relations properly, or lack of scalability and efficiency. Thus, we propose a novel method, flexible translation, named TransF, to address the above issues. TransF regards relation as translation between head entity vector and tail entity vector with flexible magnitude. To evaluate the proposed model, we conduct link prediction and triple classification on benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that our method remarkably improve the performance compared with several state-of-the-art baselines.
Childhood Cancer in the Republic of Suriname (1980 Through 2008)

Childhood cancer incidence in Suriname (South-America) was estimated using secondary data from 1980 to 2008, and these findings were stratified according to gender; age groups < 1, 1-4, 5-14, and 15-19 years; and the largest ethnic groups (Hindustanis, Maroons, Creoles, and Javanese). Data were expressed as total numbers, proportions, average yearly numbers, and/or crude incidence rates per 1,000,000 population per year. There were 290 malignancies in the period covered, i.e., about 10 new cases per year or 24 per 1,000,000 per year. The average yearly number of overall cancer increased from approximately 1 every two years in newborns to 3-4 per year in adolescents and young adults. Thirty to 35% of patients were Hindustani or Creole; the proportions of Javanese and Maroons patients were about twice and five times, respectively, lower. Leukemias and lymphomas comprised almost half of cases, each occurring 2 to 3 times per year. Bone tumors, soft-tissue sarcomas, and carcinomas were the most common non-hematological malignancies, occurring once or twice per year. Central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, renal tumors, primary hepatic tumors, and germ cell tumors were exceedingly rare. In conclusion, childhood cancer incidence in Suriname was relatively low; the individual histiotypes displayed an unusual ranking; and there were differences in the sex, age, and ethnic distribution of overall cancer as well as certain histiotypes. However, these observations might be biased by the use of crude rates, and underdiagnosis and incomplete registration of cases due to the absence of specialized (pediatric) cancer facilities in the country.
Selection of metrics for predicting the appropriate application of design patterns

Design patterns are known for their usefulness to solve recurrent problems. Design patterns are a way of transmitting knowledge and experience by using proven, high quality solutions. A problem that emerges when using design patterns is that it is not clear how to measure the impact that has its application on the source code. The relationships between metrics and design patterns is not clear. We propose an experiment for measuring the usefulness of metrics and their success in predicting correct usage of design patterns. With this experiment we will explore which metrics capture best the relationship of design patterns quality of the source code. By using those metrics we will make predictions about the correct usage of the design patterns. In this experiment the selected metrics were not a good predictor, however it is a starting point to explore more metrics and their relationships with design patterns.
The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East

In the year 1000, the economy of the Middle East was at least as advanced as that of Europe. But by 1800, the region had fallen dramatically behind--in living standards, technology, and economic institutions. In short, the Middle East had failed to modernize economically as the West surged ahead. What caused this long divergence? And why does the Middle East remain drastically underdeveloped compared to the West? In The Long Divergence, one of the world's leading experts on Islamic economic institutions and the economy of the Middle East provides a new answer to these long-debated questions. Timur Kuran argues that what slowed the economic development of the Middle East was not colonialism or geography, still less Muslim attitudes or some incompatibility between Islam and capitalism. Rather, starting around the tenth century, Islamic legal institutions, which had benefitted the Middle Eastern economy in the early centuries of Islam, began to act as a drag on development by slowing or blocking the emergence of central features of modern economic life--including private capital accumulation, corporations, large-scale production, and impersonal exchange. By the nineteenth century, modern economic institutions began to be transplanted to the Middle East, but its economy has not caught up. And there is no quick fix today. Low trust, rampant corruption, and weak civil societies--all characteristic of the region's economies today and all legacies of its economic history--will take generations to overcome. The Long Divergence opens up a frank and honest debate on a crucial issue that even some of the most ardent secularists in the Muslim world have hesitated to discuss.
Free Entry and the Sustainability of Natural Monopoly

Contrary to conventional wisdom, a regulated natural monopoly may be vulnerable to entry by uninnovative competitors even if it is producing and pricing efficiently and earning zero economic profits. The causes and consequences of this unsustainability are theoretically examined in an idealized regulatory environment. In particular, strong demand substitution effects and product-specific scale economies work against sustainability. If natural monopoly is unsustainable, no regulated market structure which provides the entire product set can be sustainable.
The effects of age and education on pragmatic features of verbal communication: Evidence from the Italian version of the Right Hemisphere Language Battery (I-RHLB)

Background : The field of pragmatic impairments of verbal communication in cerebrally damaged subjects dates back almost three decades. However, a systematic investigation of pragmatic competences has never been completed in a large sample of normal adults controlling for age and education factors. Aims : We aimed to examine the effects of age and education on the main features of pragmatics of verbal communication in a large sample of normal healthy subjects. Methods & Procedures : We developed an Italian version of the Right Hemisphere Language Battery devised by Bryan (1995) and administered it to 440 normal volunteers. Ages ranged from 20 to 79 years, and education corresponded to Italian levels of education. Outcomes & Results : We found that ageing and low education influenced performance on almost all the subtests of the I-RHLB. In particular, performance dropped at 70–79 years, particularly in those with the lowest level of education. Conclusions : These results suggest that processing of the pragmatic features of verbal communication parallels the decline of other cognitive functions associated with ageing and low education that previous studies have already established.
On the Relation between Block Diagonal Matrices and Compressive Toeplitz Matrices

In a typical communications problem, Toeplitz matrices Φ arise when modeling the task of determining an unknown impulse response a from a given probe signal φ. When a is sparse, then whenever Φ formed from the probe signal φ satisfy the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP), a can be robustly recovered from its measurements via l1-minimization. In this paper, we derived the RIP for compressive Toeplitz matrices whose number of rows of the matrices J is much smaller than the number of columns N . We show that J should scale like J ∼ S log(N), where S is the sparsity of the impulse response. While this is marginally worse than the state-of-the-art scaling currently achieved in the literature, the novelty of this work comes from making the relation between the Toeplitz matrix of interest to a block diagonal matrix. The proof of the RIP then follows from using recent results on the concentration of measure inequalities of block diagonal matrices, together with a standard covering-and-counting argument.
The Masses and Evolutionary State of the Stars in the Dwarf Nova SS Cygni

The dwarf nova SS Cygni is a close binary star consisting of a K star transferring mass to a white dwarf by way of an accretion disk. We have obtained new spectroscopic observations of SS Cyg. Fits of synthetic spectra for Roche lobe-filling stars to the absorption-line spectrum of the K star yield the amplitude of the K star's radial velocity curve and the mass ratio, KK = 162.5 ± 1.0 km s-1 and q = MK/MWD = 0.685 ± 0.015. The fits also show that the accretion disk and white dwarf contribute a fraction f = 0.535 ± 0.075 of the total flux at 5500 Å. Taking the weighted average of our results with previously published results obtained using similar techniques, we find ⟨KK⟩ = 163.7 ± 0.7 km s-1 and ⟨q⟩ = 0.683 ± 0.012. The orbital light curve of SS Cyg shows an ellipsoidal variation diluted by light from the disk and white dwarf. From an analysis of the ellipsoidal variations, we limit the orbital inclination to the range 45° ≤ i ≤ 56°. The derived masses of the K star and white dwarf are MK = 0.55 ± 0.13 M☉ and MWD = 0.81 ± 0.19 M☉, where the uncertainties are dominated by systematic errors in the orbital inclination. The K star in SS Cyg is 10%-50% larger than an unevolved star with the same mass and thus does not follow the mass-radius relation for zero-age main-sequence stars, nor does it follow the ZAMS mass-spectral type relation. Its mass and spectral type are, however, consistent with models in which the core hydrogen has been significantly depleted.
Can the Mortensen & Pissarides Model Reproduce the Asymmetric Dynamics of US and French Aggregate Gross Job Flows?

When calibrated, the Mortensen & Pissarides [1994] is able to produce some stylized facts highlighted by empirical studies on US gross job flowa. However, other stylized facts concerning their asymmetric properties are generally neglected at the aggregate level. The aim of this paper is to test if the Mortensen & Pissarides model is able to statistically reproduce the asymmetric properties of aggregate gross job flows and then constitutes an acceptable representation of the data.
Brain Metabolism Changes in Patients Infected with HTLV-1

The Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of HTLV-associated myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP is the result of demyelination and cell death in the spinal cord and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mediated by a virus-induced inflammatory response. In this study, we applied Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) to evaluate brain metabolism in a group of 47 patients infected with HTLV-1, and 18 healthy controls. Patients were divided into three groups according to their neurological symptoms. A machine learning (ML) based Gaussian Processes classification algorithm (GPC) was applied to classify between patient groups and controls and also to organize the three patient groups, based on gray and white matter brain metabolism. We found that GPC was able to differentiate the HAM/TSP group from controls with 85% accuracy (p = 0.003) and the asymptomatic seropositive patients from controls with 85.7% accuracy (p = 0.001). The weight map suggests diffuse cortical hypometabolism in both patient groups when compared to controls. We also found that the GPC could separate the asymptomatic HTLV-1 patients from the HAM/TSP patients, but with a lower accuracy (72.7%, p = 0.026). The weight map suggests a diffuse pattern of lower metabolism in the asymptomatic group when compared to the HAM/TSP group. These results are compatible with distinctive patterns of glucose uptake into the brain of HTLV-1 patients, including those without neurological symptoms, which differentiate them from controls. Furthermore, our results might unveil surprising aspects of the pathophysiology of HAM/TSP and related diseases, as well as new therapeutic strategies.
Lifetimes of the 9s and 8p levels of atomic francium (11 pages)

We use time-correlated single-photon counting techniques on a sample of {sup 210}Fr atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap to measure the lifetimes of the 9S{sub 1/2}, 8P{sub 3/2}, and 8P{sub 1/2} excited levels. We populate the 9S{sub 1/2} level by two-photon resonant excitation through the 7P{sub 1/2} level. The direct measurement of the 9S{sub 1/2} decay through the 7P{sub 3/2} level at 851 nm gives a lifetime of 107.53{+-}0.90 ns. We observe the decay of the 9S{sub 1/2} level through the 8P{sub 3/2} level at 423 nm and the 8P{sub 1/2} level at 433 nm down to the 7S{sub 1/2} ground level, and indirectly determine the lifetimes of these to be 83.5{+-}1.5 ns and 149.3{+-}3.5 ns, respectively.
An automatic monitoring approach for unsupervised parking lots in outdoors

A video-based monitoring approach for outdoor parking lots has been developed in this paper. Since parking lots located in outdoor were the open and widespread spaces, moving objects in grabbed images were too small to obtain the detail and recognized image for the object, identification, object behavior analysis, or illegal event alarming. A dual-camera device was designed and calibrated manually. Using the calibrated parameters, multiple target images with high quality can be grabbed from widespread open spaces. The tracking process for a specified target can be easily switched to another when multiple objects appear in the monitoring space. All of them are stored in video-based databases of DVR systems. In addition, the object images are processed for the furthermore retrieval. Some experimental results were given to show the validity of our proposed approaches
Influence of absorbed moisture on the dielectric properties of epoxy resin impregnated paper composites

The absorbed moisture of epoxy resins (ER) and epoxy resin impregnated paper (ERIP) composites have a great influence on the insulation of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) bushings. The ER and ERIP samples were prepared according to a certain formulation. The moisture absorption behaviors of ER and ERIP in deionized water were determined by measuring periodically the change of weight. Through comparing the absorption behaviors, it is found that ERIP samples absorbed more moisture than ER samples, and the moisture diffusion in ERIP samples can't be described by one dimensional Fickian or Langmuir-type model. The dielectric spectra of ER and ERIP samples were measured over the frequency range of 10-2 to 106 Hz at five different temperatures. As measurement temperatures were below the glass transition temperature of ER, the low frequency dispersion wasn't observed in dielectric spectra of ER and ERIP samples within absorbed moisture in this work. The results show that the absorbed moisture has a much greater influence on dielectric properties of ERIP samples than ER samples. The absorbed moisture in ER samples only slightly increases imaginary parts of relative permittivity of ER samples and shift the spectra to right, while the absorbed moisture greatly increase both real and imaginary parts of relative permittivity of ERIP samples. The near-Debye relaxations occurred in middle frequency ranges in ERIP samples within absorbed moisture, which may be caused by Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization or dipole polarization of water molecular.
Opening gaps in the spectrum of strictly ergodic

We consider Schr¨ odinger operators with dynamically defined potentials arising from continuous sampling along orbits of strictly ergodic transformations. The Gap Labeling Theorem states that the possible gaps in the spectrum can be canonically labelled by an at most countable set defined purely in terms of the dynamics. Which labels actually appear depends on the choice of the sampling function; the missing labels are said to correspond to collapsed gaps. Here we show that for any collapsed gap, the sampling function may be continuously deformed so that the gap immediately opens. As a corollary, we conclude that for generic sampling functions, all gaps are open. The proof is based on the analysis of continuous SL.2;R/ cocycles, for which we obtain dynamical results of independent interest.
Coming to Grips with Notch

Notch in Invertebrate Development. Notch proteins are highly conserved transmembrane receptors that are involved in cell fate regulation in invertebrates (1). While Notch receptors are initially synthesized as single polypep-tide chains proteolytic processing results in the formation of a heterodimeric receptor in which the extracellular domain is noncovalently attached to the transmembrane and intracellular (IC) part. The Notch-IC is responsible for sig-naling and contains a series of ankyrin repeats similar to those found in nuclear factor (NF)-␬ B. The ligand-dependent release of Notch-IC requires processing by the membrane associated presenilin which in a mutant form is responsible for familial Alzheimer's disease. The biochemical pathway of Notch-IC dissociation from the receptor is not completely understood but requires at some stage pro-teolytic cleavage (Fig. 1). The Notch receptor ligands include Delta, a transmem-brane protein that affects adjacent cells expressing Notch receptors (2), but may also interact with Notch receptors expressed by the very same cell. Also, soluble Delta ligands have been reported the action of which, however, appears restricted to immediately neighboring cells. The detailed biochemical events that lead to the disso-ciation of Notch-IC from the heterodimeric Notch receptor after ligation are still unknown. There is also relatively little known of how Notch-IC regulates tran-scriptional activity: Notch-IC contains conserved nuclear localization sequences. However, Notch-IC may not directly enter the nucleus but may form a complex with the suppressor of hairless (Su(H)) protein which may function as a transcriptional regulator. Alternatively this complex may allow further posttranslational modifications. What appears to be clear is that only tiny amounts of Notch-IC reach the nucleus. One of the more often discussed modes of Notch activity consists of so-called lateral signaling whereby apparently stochastic small differences of Notch receptors and Delta ligands on apparently otherwise equivalent neighboring cells are exaggerated by feedback loops resulting in cells that either express high levels of Notch receptors or high levels of Delta ligands. Again the biochemistry of these feedback loops is poorly understood. The important point is that the cells with high levels of Notch or high levels of Delta assume different developmental fates (2). However, there are clearly also interactions between Notch receptors and ligands on nonequivalent cells i.e., cells in which the developmental potential differs before the receptor-ligand interaction. Notch in the Mammalian System. In mammals four different Notch receptors (Notch 1–4) and four different ligands (Jagged-1 and-2 as well as Delta-like 1 and 3) have been …
Bacterial and Fungal Aerosols in Rural Nursery Schools in Southern Poland

This study aimed to characterize airborne bacteria and fungi populations present in rural nursery schools in the Upper Silesia region of Poland during winter and spring seasons through quantification and identification procedures. Bacterial and fungal concentration levels and size distributions were obtained by the use of a six-stage Andersen cascade impactor. Results showed a wide range of indoor bioaerosols levels. The maximum level of viable bacterial aerosols indoors was about 2600 CFU·m−3, two to three times higher than the outdoor level. Fungi levels were lower, from 82 to 1549 CFU·m−3, with indoor concentrations comparable to or lower than outdoor concentrations. The most prevalent bacteria found indoors were Gram-positive cocci (>65%). Using the obtained data, the nursery school exposure dose (NSED) of bioaerosols was estimated for both the children and personnel of nursery schools. The highest dose for younger children was estimated to range: 327–706 CFU·kg−1 for bacterial aerosols and 31–225 CFU·kg−1 for fungal aerosols. These results suggest an elevated risk of adverse health effects on younger children. These findings may contribute to the promotion and implementation of preventative public health programs and the formulation of recommendations aimed at providing healthier school environments.
Financial Accessibility and Economic Growth

This paper investigates the empirical evidence on the relationship between financial accessibility and economic growth to test the conventional hypothesis that improved financial accessibility leads to financial development and economic growth. First, we built a dynamic panel model on the relationship between financial accessibility and economic growth with a set of controlled variables. We then used several financial access indicators from 165 countries, collected from 2004 to 2011, applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators to estimate their relationship. From these estimations, we found that high financial accessibility leads to high income in general. In addition, we found that an increase in financial access indicators had a greater impact on economic growth in low-income countries than it did on economic growth in high-income countries.