Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Evaluation of Men Vulnerability to Extramarital Relations

Because of the negative effects of marital infidelity followed to determine the reasons for clinicians and researchers is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of men marital infidelity. The approach used in the current study was a qualitative research method.To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Interview content analysis and categorization codes revealed that the reasons for marital infidelity placed in several categories. Sexual (seeking happiness and freshness due to marriage burnout, having new sexual experiences, sensation seeking, and wife sloppiness), emotional (marital conflicts, crises of life, loss of self, and emotion and though sharing), and external factors (power, having the opportunity to relationship, confidence and support received from friends, attitude or entitlement, de inhibition due to drug use). These categorizations have implications for clinicians and researchers. Therapists working with infidelity should consider these factors in prevention programs and family enrichment.
Fructose absorption.

Fructose found in modern diets as a constituent of the disaccharide sucrose is absorbed by a well-characterized absorptive system integrating enzymatic hydrolysis of the disaccharide and transfer of the resulting two monosaccharides through the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. The increasing use of high-fructose syrups and crystalline fructose prompted new studies aimed at the determination of the absorptive capacity for free fructose in the human gut. Results indicate that the capacity for fructose absorption is small compared with that for sucrose and glucose and is much less than previously estimated. The unexpected finding that the simultaneous ingestion of glucose can prevent fructose malabsorption suggests that the pair of monosaccharides might be absorbed by the disaccharidase-related transport system as if they were the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose. This absorptive mechanism might not be able to transport fructose when ingested without glucose.
Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Binary and Ternary Intermetallic Alloys Based on Fe-Ti-Al by Resonant Ultrasound Vibrational Methods

Precise but simple experimental and inverse methods allowing the recovery of mechanical material parameters are necessary for the exploration of materials with novel crystallographic structures and elastic properties, particularly for new materials and those existing only in theory. The alloys studied herein are of new atomic compositions. This paper reports an experimental study involving the synthesis and development of methods for the determination of the elastic properties of binary (Fe-Al, Fe-Ti and Ti-Al) and ternary (Fe-Ti-Al) intermetallic alloys with different concentrations of their individual constituents. The alloys studied were synthesized from high purity metals using an arc furnace with argon flow to ensure their uniformity and homogeneity. Precise but simple methods for the recovery of the elastic constants of the isotropic metals from resonant ultrasound vibration data were developed. These methods allowed the fine analysis of the relationships between the atomic concentration of a given constituent and the Young’s modulus or alloy density.
Intraspecific Colour Variation among Lizards in Distinct Island Environments Enhances Local Camouflage

Within-species colour variation is widespread among animals. Understanding how this arises can elucidate evolutionary mechanisms, such as those underlying reproductive isolation and speciation. Here, we investigated whether five island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) have more effective camouflage against their own (local) island substrates than against other (non-local) island substrates to avian predators, and whether this was linked to island differences in substrate appearance. We also investigated whether degree of local substrate matching varied among island populations and between sexes. In most populations, both sexes were better matched against local backgrounds than against non-local backgrounds, particularly in terms of luminance (perceived lightness), which usually occurred when local and non-local backgrounds were different in appearance. This was found even between island populations that historically had a land connection and in populations that have been isolated relatively recently, suggesting that isolation in these distinct island environments has been sufficient to cause enhanced local background matching, sometimes on a rapid evolutionary time-scale. However, heightened local matching was poorer in populations inhabiting more variable and unstable environments with a prolonged history of volcanic activity. Overall, these results show that lizard coloration is tuned to provide camouflage in local environments, either due to genetic adaptation or changes during development. Yet, the occurrence and extent of selection for local matching may depend on specific conditions associated with local ecology and biogeographic history. These results emphasize how anti-predator adaptations to different environments can drive divergence within a species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and lead to ecological speciation.
A future for intelligent autonomous ocean observing systems

Ocean scientists have dreamed of and recently started to realize an ocean observing revolution with autonomous observing platforms and sensors. Critical questions to be answered by such autonomous systems are where, when, and what to sample for optimal information, and how to optimally reach the sampling locations. Deﬁnitions, concepts, and progress towards answering these questions using quantitative predictions and fundamental principles are presented. Results in reachability and path planning, adaptive sampling, machine learning, and teaming machines with scientists are overviewed. The integrated use of differential equations and theory from varied disciplines is emphasized. The results provide an inference engine and knowledge base for expert autonomous observing systems. They are showcased using a set of recent at-sea campaigns and realistic simulations. Real-time experiments with identical autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound region ﬁrst show that our predicted time-optimal paths were faster than shortest distance paths. Deterministic and probabilistic reachability and path forecasts issued and validated for gliders and ﬂoats in the northern Arabian Sea are then presented. Novel Bayesian adaptive sampling for hypothesis testing and optimal learning are ﬁnally shown to forecast the observations most informative to estimate the accuracy of model formulations, the values of ecosystem parameters and dynamic ﬁelds, and the presence of Lagrangian Coherent Structures.
Regulation of T helper cell differentiation in vivo by soluble and membrane proteins provided by antigen‐presenting cells

The aim of this study was to test whether the nature of the antigen‐presenting cell (APC) can influence the Th1 / Th2 balance in vivo. Our data show that dendritic cells (DC), pulsed extra corporeally with antigen, induced the development of cells secreting IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐4 upon antigen rechallenge in vitro. Priming with peritoneal macrophages sensitized cells that produced IL‐4 but not IFN‐γ. To identify the factors involved in T helper development, mice were primed with APC with or without treatment with neutralizing antibodies to co‐stimulatory molecules or cytokines. Our results indicate that priming with DC or macrophages is strictly dependent on the CD28‐CTLA4/ B7 interaction. Of note, CD86 provides the initial signal to induce naive T cells to become IL‐4 producers, whereas CD80 is a more neutral differentiation signal. IL‐12, released by the DC, appears as a potent and obligatory inducer of differentiation for IFN‐γ‐producing cells. IL‐6, although produced by both APC populations, is necessary to direct activation of the Th2‐type response by macrophages but not by DC.
Correlational Research on the Relationship of the Happiness of Middle or Old Women and Square Dancing Exercise

This paper uses the MHQ to investigate the basic situation of the happiness of middle and old women who take part in the square dancing exercise. The results show that: Happiness index score of the women who join square dancing exercise is5. 16 ± 0. 53; the women in Xiangzhou District got the highest score of 5. 37 ± 0. 61,while the Bonded Area got the lowest of4. 92 ± 0. 56; the key motivation of square dancing of the women is keeping healthy; there is significance correlation between happiness and the exercising duration; the happiness of square dancing women are obviously higher than the other sport item participators( 5. 06 ± 0. 61) and the people don't sport( 4. 90 ± 0. 62).
External Dacryocystorhinostomy Outcomes in Sarcoidosis Patients

Purpose: To determine surgical outcomes after external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery in patients with sarcoidosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with sarcoidosis who underwent external DCR surgery between January 2001 and January 2010. Clinical data reviewed included patient demographics, immunosuppressive therapies, biopsy results, use of intraoperative triamcinolone, and postoperative outcomes and complications. Success was defined as resolution of epiphora. Results: External DCR was performed on 13 sides of 9 patients with sarcoidosis. Four patients were systemically immunosuppressed with methotrexate or plaquenil, and 4 patients used inhaled corticosteroids only. Intraoperative biopsy in 10 cases (9 patients) revealed non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation (8 cases) and chronic inflammation (2 cases). Silicone stents were removed at a mean of 2.9 months. Initial DCR surgery was successful in 10 of 13 (87%) surgeries with an average follow up of 31 months (range, 14 to 48 months). None of the 5 surgeries (4 patients) with intralesional triamcinolone injections failed, compared with 3 of 8 (38%) surgeries without intralesional triamcinolone. Of the 3 failures, 2 early failures (3 months) were successfully treated with balloon catheter dilation. In the one patient with a late failure (47 months), subsequent balloon catheter dilation failed. All 3 patients who experienced failures used inhaled corticosteroids only. In contrast, 4 of the 6 patients with successful surgery were systemically immunosuppressed. Complications such as punctal erosion, wound necrosis, or cerebrospinal fluid leak did not occur. Conclusions: External DCR surgery successfully treats nasolacrimal duct obstruction associated with sarcoidosis. Intralesional triamcinolone may improve the success rate without added complications. Long-term success may be less in patients not receiving systemic immunosuppressive therapy.
Role of Trace Elements for Oxidative Status and Quality of Human Sperm

Background: Oxidative stress affects sperm quality negatively. To maintain the pro/antioxidant balance, some metal ions (e.g. copper, zink, iron, selenium), which are co-factors of the antioxidant enzymes, are essential. However, iron and copper could act as prooxidants inducing oxidative damage of spermatozoa. Aims: To reveal a possible correlation between the concentrations of some metal ions (iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) in human seminal plasma, oxidative stress, assessed by malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels, and semen quality, assessed by the parameters count, motility, and morphology. Study Design: Descriptive study. Methods: The semen analysis for volume, count, and motility was performed according to World Health Organization (2010) guidelines, using computer-assisted semen analysis. For the determination of spermatozoa morphology, a SpermBlue staining method was applied. Depending on their parameters, the sperm samples were categorized into normozoospermic, teratozoospermic, asthenoteratozoospermic, and oligoteratozoospermic. The seminal plasma content of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels were quantified spectrophotometrically. Results: In the groups with poor sperm quality, the levels of Fe were higher, whereas those of Zn and Se were significantly lower than in the normozoospermic group. In all groups with poor sperm quality, increased levels of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione levels were detected as evidence of oxidative stress occurrence. All these differences are most pronounced in the asthenoteratozoospermic group where values differ nearly twice as much compared to the normozoospermic group. The Fe concentration correlated positively with the malondialdehyde (r=0.666, p=0.018), whereas it showed a negative correlation with the level of total glutathione (r=-0.689, p=0.013). The total glutathione level correlated positively with the sperm motility (r=0.589, p=0.044). Conclusion: The elevated levels of Fe and the reduced Se levels are associated with sperm damage. The changes in the concentrations of the trace elements in human seminal plasma may be related to sperm quality since they are involved in the maintenance of the pro-/antioxidative balance in ejaculate.
Evaluation of drug‐related problems in older polypharmacy primary care patients

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Targeting older patients with predictive factors for drug-related problems (DRPs) could make clinical medication reviews more cost-effective. The aim of this study was to identify the number, type, and potential predictive factors for DRPs in older polypharmacy patients. METHODS Community pharmacists performed clinical medication reviews and documented DRPs, types of interventions, and their implementation in older patients. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-eight medication reviews were analyzed, 964 DRPs (average 2.5 ± 1.9), and 1022 interventions (average 2.6 ± 2.0) were identified. The overall implementation rate of interventions was 70.1%, the highest was observed in interventions aiming to resolve the lack of therapy monitoring (86.8%). Patients with ≥12 medications had an increased risk of ≥5 DRPs (P < .001). Asthma was associated with lack of adherence (P = .002), lack of aspirin, statins, and proton pump inhibitors use with additional therapy needed (P = .002-.004). Predictive factors for drug interactions were antihypertensive medications and/or medications with narrow therapeutic index (P < .05). Lack of efficacy was associated with diabetes (P = .006). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were risk factors for inappropriate drug selection (P = .002). Lack of monitoring was associated with hypertension (P = .013), whereas benzodiazepines (P < .001) and aspirin (P = .021) were overused. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma, hypertension, and diabetes and lack of statin, antithrombotic agent, and/or proton pump inhibitor use were associated with higher risks for DRPs.
Social Environment and Hospitalisation after Release from Prison: A Prospective Cohort Study

This study examined the association between remoteness and area disadvantage, and the rate of subsequent hospitalisation, in a cohort of adults released from prisons in Queensland. A baseline survey of 1267 adult prisoners within 6 weeks of expected release was prospectively linked with hospital, mortality and reincarceration records. Postcodes were used to assign remoteness and area disadvantage categories. Multivariate Andersen–Gill regression models were fitted to test for associations between remoteness, area disadvantage and hospitalisation after release from prison. Over a total of 3090.9 person-years of follow-up, the highest crude incidence rates were observed in areas characterised by remoteness and area disadvantage (crude incidence rate (IR) = 649; 95%CI: 526–791), followed by remoteness only (IR = 420; 95%CI: 349–501), severe area disadvantage only (IR = 403; 95%CI: 351–461), and neither of these factors (IR = 361; 95%CI: 336–388). Unadjusted analyses indicated that remoteness (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.04–1.69; p = 0.024) was associated with increased risk of hospitalisation; however, this attenuated to the null after adjustment for covariate factors. The incidence of hospitalisation for those who live in remote or socio-economically disadvantaged areas is increased compared to their counterparts in more urban and less socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Experiencing both these factors together may compound the hospitalisation in the community.
Determinants of playfulness of young children with cerebral palsy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify child, family, and service determinants of playfulness of young children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Participants were 429 children, 18–60 months. Children were divided into two groups, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-II and III-V. Therapists collected data on body functions and gross motor function; parents provided information about children’s health conditions and adaptive behavior, family life, and services. One year after the beginning of the study, therapists assessed children’s playfulness. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Higher gross motor function was associated with higher playfulness for both groups. Greater impact of health conditions on daily life was associated with lower playfulness for children in levels I-II. More effective adaptive behavior was associated with higher playfulness, and higher parent perception of therapists’ family-centeredness was associated with lower playfulness for children in levels III-V. Conclusion: Supporting gross motor function, health, and adaptive behavior may foster playfulness.
Masseter and temporalis muscle electromyography findings after lower third molar extraction

Background The main clinical application of electromyography is to detect abnormalities in muscle function, to assess muscle activity for purposes of recruitment, and in the biomechanics of movement. Objectives To analyze electromyography (EMG) findings for masticatory muscles during chewing following surgical extraction of lower third molars, and to determine any correlation between pain, inflammation, trismus, and the EMG data registered. Material and Methods This prospective study included 31 patients. Surface EMG was used to study masseter and temporalis muscle function before lower third molar extraction and 72 hours and seven days after surgery. Clinical variables, pain, inflammation, and trismus were registered before and after surgery. Results Studying the area and size of the masticatory muscles, higher values were found for temporalis than masseter muscles, regardless of the surgical side, which points to the greater involvement of the temporalis muscle in mastication. Comparing the side where surgery had been performed with the non-surgical side, a sharp and statistically significant reduction in amplitude and area were noted on the surgical side reflecting major functional affectation. One week after surgery, amplitude and area had almost returned to base-line values, indicating almost complete recovery. While pain decreased progressively after surgery, inflammation peaked at 72 hours, while mouth opening reached a minimum at this time, returning to normality within the week. Conclusions Surgical extraction of lower third molars produces changes to electromyography activity that are more evident during the first hours after surgery and closely related to the intensity of pain suffered and the patient’s inflammatory responses, although they are not related to mouth opening capacity. Key words:Third molar surgery, electromyography, pain, inflammation, trismus, masticatory muscles.
The effect of sugar and artificial sweetener on molecular markers of metabolic syndrome: a mice study

The usage of aspartame, as one of the most widely used sweetener, has been approved in many types of food products. Moreover, many studies have proven that replacing sugar with aspartame would contribute favorable effects on several health parameters; such as, body weight, blood glucose level, and inflammatory status. In this experiment, we examined the effects of aspartame consumption on some biomarkers; which potentially acted as early signals for a personal metabolic status. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of aspartame on the expression of a number of molecular markers related with appetite regulation (fto), fat accumulation markers (fabp4 and alt2) and inflammation marker (tnf-α) in Sprague Dawley rats. The population of Clostridium coccoides was also observed to give an insight about the effect of sweetener consumption on gut microbiota profiles. 15 healthy, male, eight-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard diet and divided into 3 groups (n=5 for each): water only, sucrose (30% b/v), and aspartame (0.15% b/v). Body weight was measured weekly and blood glucose measurement was carried out on day 1 and 40. At the end of the experiment, all rats were euthanized and blood was collected from the vein. The liver, brain, and visceral adipose tissue were excised, weighed, and grinded with liquid nitrogen. Feces samples were collected on day 0 and 40. At the end of our experimental period; the body weight, liver weight, and blood glucose level of sucrose-treated rats were significantly higher (p <0.05) than aspartame and control group. Sucrose showed the lowest level of fto gene expression; yet, the fto gene expression in aspartame group was still lower than the control group. Expression of several genes considered as metabolic syndrome-related biomarkers were measured (fabp4, alt2, and tnf-α); and our data demonstrated that sucrose treatment gave the highest increase in expression level of those genes; while aspartame treatment showed much lower values. Furthermore, sucrose also caused a significant reduction in C. coccoides population; while, the C. coccoides population in aspartame group did not differ significantly compared to the control group.
Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistulas Without Superior Ophthalmic Vein Enlargement

Purpose: Diagnosis of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) relies on clinical findings, such as proptosis, chemosis, and pulsatile tinnitus, plus imaging features including enlargement of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). This study reviewed patients with CCF, with a focus on those who were clinically symptomatic but had a normal-appearing SOV on routine scans. Methods: Retrospective review was conducted on the clinical records of patients with CCF seen by ophthalmology or interventional neuroradiology, with attention to clinical and imaging features, angiography findings, management, and outcomes. Results: Forty patients presented with CCF. History of head trauma was present in 13 (average age 43.8 years; all direct or complex), while the remainder occurred spontaneously (average 66 years; 85% indirect). The most common presenting ophthalmologic signs or symptoms were proptosis (65%), binocular diplopia (60%), redness (57.5%), and chemosis (47.5%). After diagnosis, 36 underwent endovascular treatment, with successful occlusion achieved in 90% of cases for whom follow-up data was available (n = 21). Notably, 3 patients with CCF did not have SOV enlargement on any imaging modality including catheter angiography. Conclusions: In this series of patients with clinical signs of CCF, there was no radiologic evidence of enlarged SOV in 26% of patients on noninvasive imaging and in 8% on catheter angiography. To avoid inappropriate interventions or delays in diagnosis and care, it is important to recognize that CCF can exist without SOV enlargement. Patients with clinical features suspicious for CCF should undergo catheter angiography if treatment is being considered. Endovascular treatment can produce clinical improvement or resolution.