Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting student departure: Academic integration and other factors that predict departure among nontraditional students at a commuter university

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Nontraditional Students . 3 Student Integration Theories . 6 Academic Integration Factors . 8 Problem Statement . 9 Purpose of the Study . 11 Research Questions . 11 Significance of the Study . 12 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 Defining and Measuring Retention, Persistence and Student Departure . 14 Retention . 15 Persistence.18 Student Departure . 21 Commuter Colleges and Universities . 21 Theory of Student Departure from Commuter Colleges and Universities . 24 Student Characteristics.27 Nontraditional Student Characteristics . 29
A classical one-way function to confound quantum adversaries

The promise of quantum computation and its consequences for complexity-theoretic cryptography motivates an immediate search for cryptosystems which can be implemented with current technology, but which remain secure even in the presence of quantum computers. Inspired by recent negative results pertaining to the nonabelian hidden subgroup problem, we present here a classical algebraic function $f_V(M)$ of a matrix $M$ which we believe is a one-way function secure against quantum attacks. Specifically, inverting $f_V$ reduces naturally to solving a hidden subgroup problem over the general linear group (which is at least as hard as the hidden subgroup problem over the symmetric group). We also demonstrate a reduction from Graph Isomorphism to the problem of inverting $f_V$; unlike Graph Isomorphism, however, the function $f_V$ is random self-reducible and therefore uniformly hard. These results suggest that, unlike Shor's algorithm for the discrete logarithm--which is, so far, the only successful quantum attack on a classical one-way function--quantum attacks based on the hidden subgroup problem are unlikely to work. We also show that reconstructing any entry of $M$, or the trace of $M$, with nonnegligible advantage is essentially as hard as inverting $f_V$. Finally, $f_V$ can be efficiently computed and the number of output bits is less than $1+\epsilon$ times the number of input bits for any $\epsilon > 0$.
Does the Secondary Loan Market Reduce Borrowing Costs?

We show that lenders make price concessions for the right to resell loans and reveal a strong countervailing association between the ex ante probability of loan resale and the initial loan spreads. We disentangle the side effects (reduced monitoring) from the benefits (enhanced liquidity) brought by the secondary loan resales. The average net impact of simultaneously reducing the probability of the presence of resale constraint and raising the probability of resale across the full sample is to lower spreads by 14 basis points. On balance, the secondary loan market provides clear benefits to the issuers of debt.
Effect of the brittle star Amphiura filiformis (Amphiuridae, Echinodermata) on oxygen flux into the sediment

O2 plays a key role in early sedimentary diagenetic processes, but the effect of most macrofaunal species on the pathways and rates of supply of O2 into the seabed are not well known. We investigated the effect of the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis, one of the dominant macrobenthic species on soft bottoms in the northeast Atlantic, at depths of ~15–100 m, in a laboratory environment. We determined how the presence of the ophiuroid changed the total O2 uptake of macrofauna‐free sediment by combining measurements from a microcosm approach and an approach that uses microelectrodes and a flushed aquarium. We suggest that natural populations of A. filiformis can account for 80% of the total flux of O2 into the soft bottom. At least 67% of this portion is due to the diffusion of O2 across additional sediment‐water interfaces excavated by the brittle star.
Speciation and rapid phenotypic differentiation in the yellow‐rumped warbler Dendroica coronata complex

The relative importance of the Pleistocene glacial cycles in driving avian speciation remains controversial, partly because species limits in many groups remain poorly understood, and because current taxonomic designations are often based on phenotypic characteristics of uncertain phylogenetic significance. We use mtDNA sequence data to examine patterns of genetic variation, sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships between phenotypically distinct groups of the yellow‐rumped warbler complex. Currently classified as a single species, the complex is composed of two North American migratory forms (myrtle warbler Dendroica coronata coronata and Audubon's warbler Dendroica coronata auduboni), and two largely sedentary forms: Dendroica coronata nigrifrons of Mexico, and Dendroica coronata goldmani of Guatemala. The latter are typically considered to be races of the Audubon's warbler based on plumage characteristics. However, mtDNA sequence data reveal that sedentary Mesoamerican forms are reciprocally monophyletic to each other and to migratory forms, from which they show a long history of isolation. In contrast, migratory myrtle and Audubon's warblers form a single cluster due to high levels of shared ancestral polymorphism as evidenced by widespread sharing of mtDNA haplotypes despite marked phenotypic differentiation. Sedentary and migratory forms diverged in the early Pleistocene, whereas phenotypic differentiation between the two migratory forms has occurred in the Holocene and is likely the result of geographical isolation and subsequent range expansion since the last glaciation. Our results underscore the importance of Quaternary climatic events in driving songbird speciation and indicate that plumage traits can evolve remarkably fast, thus rendering them potentially misleading for inferring systematic relationships.
The Formaldehyde Masers in Sgr B2: Very Long Baseline Array and Very Large Array Observations

Observations of two of the formaldehyde (H2CO) masers (A and D) in Sgr B2 using the VLBA+Y27 (resolution ≈0.01'') and the VLA (resolution ≈9'') are presented. The VLBA observations show compact sources (≲10 mas, ≲80 AU) with brightness temperatures >108 K. The maser sources are partially resolved in the VLBA observations. The flux densities in the VLBA observations are about 1/2 those of the VLA, and the line widths are about 2/3 of the VLA values. The applicability of a core-halo model for the emission distribution is demonstrated. Comparison with earlier H2CO absorption observations and with ammonia (NH3) observations suggests that H2CO masers form in shocked gas. Comparison of the integrated flux densities in current VLA observations with those in previous observations indicates that (1) most of the masers have varied in the past 20 years, and (2) intensity variations are typically less than a factor of 2 compared to the 20 yr mean. No significant linear or circular polarization is detected with either instrument.
Psychometric Properties of Beck Depression Inventory-II for High School Children in Shiraz City, Iran

Background: Depression causes poor academic performance, substance abuse, antisocial behavior, school avoidance, and running away from home in adolescents. Due to the high prevalence of depression in adolescents, reliability, and validity of this questionnaire in this age group is of special importance. Symptoms of depression in children and adolescents are different from their indi-
The efficacy and safety of a single dose of Clindesse vaginal cream versus a seven-dose regimen of Cleocin vaginal cream in patients with bacterial vaginosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a single dose of Clindesse vaginal cream is comparable in efficacy and safety to Cleocin vaginal cream administered once daily for 7 days in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study enrolled 540 patients with BV infections. Treatment consisted of either a single intravaginal dose of Clindesse or 7 daily doses of Cleocin. Efficacy and safety were assessed 21-30 days after the start of treatment. The efficacy endpoints were Investigator Cure, Clinical Cure (a composite of all 4 Amsel's criteria and Investigator Cure), Nugent Cure (Nugent score < 4), and Therapeutic Cure (a composite of Clinical Cure and Nugent Cure). Resolution of individual Amsel's criteria was also evaluated. Treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in cure rates between the Clindesse and Cleocin treatment groups in Investigator Cure (P=0.702), Clinical Cure (P=0.945), Nugent Cure (P=0.788), or Therapeutic Cure (P=0.572). Results were also similar for 3 of 4 and 2 of 4 Amsel's criteria and for each individual Amsel's criterion (all P-values >0.200). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for each endpoint were consistent with equivalence between the 2 products. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (P=0.386). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of Clindesse vaginal cream is equivalent in safety and efficacy to a 7-dose regimen of Cleocin vaginal cream in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. This represents a significant advance in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Looking for Pure Rotational H2 Emission from Protoplanetary Disks

We report on a limited search for pure rotational molecular hydrogen emission associated with young, pre-main-sequence stars. We looked for H2 v = 0, J = 3 → 1 and 4 → 2 emission in the mid-infrared using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph at NASA's 3 m Infrared Telescope Facility. The high spectral and spatial resolutions of our observations lead to more stringent limits on narrow-line emission close to the source than previously achieved. One star, AB Aur, shows a possible (2 σ) H2 detection, but further observations are required to make a confident statement. Our nondetections suggest that a significant fraction, perhaps all, of previously reported H2 emission toward these objects could be extended on scales of 5'' or more.
Lateral hypothalamic control of motivated behaviors through the midbrain dopamine system

The lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area are two brain regions that have long been known to be involved in processing reward and the control of feeding behaviors. We continue work in this area by identifying the functional connectivity between these two regions, providing evidence that LH neurons projecting to the VTA encode conditioned responses, while LH neurons innervated by the VTA encode conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Activation of the LH-VTA projection can increase compulsive sugar seeking, while inhibition of the projection can suppress this behavior without altering normal feeding due to hunger. We can separate this projection into the GABAergic and glutamatergic components, and we show that the GABAergic component plays a role in promoting feeding and social interaction by increasing motivation for consummatory behaviors, while the glutamatergic component largely plays a role in the suppression of these behaviors. Finally, we show that activation of the GABAergic component causes dopamine release downstream in the nucleus accumbens via disinhibition of VTA dopamine neurons through VTA GABA neurons. Together, these experiments have profoundly elucidated the functional roles of the individual circuit components of the greater mesolimbic dopamine system and provided potential targets for therapeutic intervention of overeating disorders and obesity. Thesis Supervisor: Kay M. Tye Title: Assistant Professor, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences 2
Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats using high fat diet and streptozotocin

The pathology of type 2 diabetes is complex, with multiple stages culminating in a functional β‐cell mass that is insufficient to meet the body's needs. Although the broad outlines of the disease etiology are known, many critical questions remain to be answered before next‐generation therapeutics can be developed. In order to further elucidate the pathobiology of this disease, animal models mimicking the pathology of human type 2 diabetes are of great value. One example of a type 2 diabetes animal model is the high‐fat diet‐fed, streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)‐treated rat model. The present review first summarizes the current understanding of the metabolic profile and pathology involved in the different stages of the type 2 diabetes disease progression in humans. Second, the known characteristics of the HFD/STZ rat model are reviewed and compared with the pathophysiology of human type 2 diabetes. Next, the suitability of the HFD/STZ model as a model of type 2 diabetes with a focus on identifying critical caveats and unanswered questions about the model is discussed. The improved understanding of refined animal models will hopefully lead to more relevant preclinical studies and development of improved therapeutics for diabetes. Depending on the amount of residual functional β‐cells mass, the HFD/STZ rat model might be a suitable animal model of the final stage of type 2 diabetes.
Abundance Analyses of Field RV Tauri Stars. VI. An Extended Sample

An abundance analysis is presented and discussed for a sample of 14 RV Tauri stars. The present abundance data and those from our previous papers and by other workers are combined in an attempt to further understanding of the dust-gas separation process that afflicts many RV Tauri variables. We propose that a star's intrinsic (i.e., initial) metallicity is given by the photospheric zinc abundance. Variables warmer than about 5000 K and with an initial metallicity [Fe/H] ≥ -1 are affected by dust-gas separation. Variables of all metallicities and cooler than about Teff ≃ 5000 K are unaffected by dust-gas separation. The RV Tauri variables show a spread in their C abundances, with the lower boundary of the points in the C versus Zn plane falling close to the predicted trend for giants after the first dredge-up. The upper boundary is inhabited by a few stars that are carbon-rich. The O abundances in the mean follow the predicted trend from unevolved stars, in line with the expectation that photospheric O abundance is unaffected by the first dredge-up. An evolutionary scenario involving mass loss by a first-ascent or early-AGB red giant, the primary star of a binary, is sketched.
Tracking Blood Glucose and Predicting Prediabetes in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Prospective Twin Study

We examined the tracking of blood glucose, the development of prediabetes, and estimated their genetic contributions in a prospective, healthy, rural Chinese twin cohort. This report includes 1,766 subjects (998 males, 768 females) aged 6–21 years at baseline who completed a 6-year follow-up study. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed for all subjects at both baseline and follow-up. We found that subjects with low fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or 2 h post-load glucose (PG) levels at baseline tended to remain at the low level at follow-up. Subjects in the top tertile of baseline plasma glucose tended to have a higher risk of developing prediabetes at follow-up compared to the low tertile: in males, 37.6% vs. 27.6% for FPG and 37.2% vs. 25.7% for 2hPG, respectively; in females, 31.0% vs. 15.4% for FPG and 28.9% vs. 15.1% for 2 h PG, respectively. Genetic factors explained 43% and 41% of the variance of FPG, and 72% and 47% for impaired fasting glucose for males and females, respectively; environmental factors substantially contribute to 2hPG status and impaired glucose tolerance. In conclusion, in this cohort of healthy rural Chinese children and adolescents, we demonstrated that both FPG and 2hPG tracked well and was a strong predictor of prediabetes. The high proportion of children with top tertile of blood glucose progressed to prediabetes, and the incidence of prediabetes has a male predominance. Genetic factors play more important role in fasting than postload status, most of which was explained by unique environmental factors.
Structured Psychosocial Stress and Therapeutic Intervention: Toward a Realistic Biological Medicine

Using generalized 'language of thought' arguments appropriate to interacting cognitive modules, we explore how disease states can interact with medical treatment, including, but not limited to, drug therapy. The feedback between treatment and response creates a kind of idiotypic 'hall of mirrors' generating a pattern of 'efficacy', 'treatment failure', and 'adverse reactions' which will, from a Rate Distortion perspective, embody a distorted image of externally-imposed structured psychosocial stress. This analysis, unlike current pharmacogenetics, does not either reify 'race' or blame the victim by using genetic structure to place the locus-of-control within a group or individual. Rather, it suggests that a comparatively simple series of questions to identify longitudinal and cross-sectional stressors may provide more effective guidance for specification of individual therapy than complicated genotyping strategies of dubious meaning. These latter are likely to be both very expensive and utterly blind to the impact of structured psychosocial stress -- a euphemism for various forms of racism and ethnic cleansing -- which, we contend, is often a principal determinant of treatment outcome at both individual and community levels of organization. We propose, to effectively address 'health disparities' between populations, and in contrast to current biomedical ideology based on a simplistic genetic determinism, a richer program of biological medicine reflecting Lewontin's 'triple helix' of genes, environment, and development, a program more in concert with the realities of a basic human biology marked by hypersociality unusual in vertibrates. Aggressive social, economic, and other policies of affirmative action to redress the persisting burdens of history would be an integral component of any such project.
Observed Attachment and Self-Report Affect Within Romantic Relationships

ABSTRACT Adult attachment provides unique insights that help researchers and clinicians understand the complexities of individuals and relationships. In romantic relationships, individual attachment can explain partners' abilities for closeness and autonomy as well as how they experience affect within the relationship. These affective experiences during couple interactions have been shown to influence both proximal and distal relationship outcomes. Thus, the authors explore the impact of partners' observed attachment behaviors—coded using the AABQ—on continuous reports of their affective experiences during both difficult and positive marital conversations. Variables examining couple affective negativity and flexibility were developed using state space grids, and data were analyzed using GridWare. Results showed that observed female attachment behaviors significantly impacted a couple's affective experiences of negativity and flexibility during conversations, while there were no significant associations between male observed attachment behaviors and the couple affective experience. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Description, circumscription and phylogenetics of the new tribe Zaeucoilini (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae), including a description of a new genus

Abstract Neotropical eucoiline genera that have been included in and allied with the Zaeucoila genus group are redescribed. Following character analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction (25 taxa, 96 morphological characters, 1452 ribosomal and mitochondrial characters), this informal genus group was found to be monophyletic, and hence raised to formal recognition as a tribe of eucoilines, namely Zaeucoilini new tribe. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, Aegeseucoela Buffington was determined to be polyphyletic; the type species of Aegeseucoela, A. grenadensis (Ashmead), is transferred to Agrostocynipscomb.n. ; the orphaned species, A. flavotincta (Kieffer), is transferred to Marthiella Buffington gen.n. , comb.n. Based on the examination of the holotype of Diranchis flavipes Ashmead, 1900 , this species is transferred to Rhabdeucoelacomb.n. , where it is both a junior, subjective synonym of flavipes ( Ashmead, 1894 ) syn.n. and a junior, secondary homonym. Zaeucoilini contains the following genera: Agrostocynips Diaz, Dettmeria Borgmeier, Dicerataspis Ashmead, Lopheucoila Weld, Marthiella Buffington, Moneucoela Kieffer, Moritiella Buffington, Penteucoila Weld, Preseucoela Buffington, Rhabdeucoela Kieffer, Tropideucoila Ashmead and Zaeucoila Ashmead. Characters and character states applicable specifically to Zaeucoilini are defined and illustrated. Characters supporting the monophyly of each genus are discussed. The plesiomorphic host for members of the Zaeucoilini are postulated as agromyzid leaf‐mining Diptera, with one shift within the clade containing Dettmeria, Dicerataspis and Lopheucoila to fruit‐infesting Diptera. New host records are reported for species of Preseucoela, Rhabdeucoela and Zaeucoila. All known hosts for the species of each genus are reported, as are known distributions and locations of type specimens.
Powermeeting: gwt-based synchronous groupware

The Web has been widely used as a platform for asynchronous collaboration. However, Web based synchronous groupware are still rare, especially those using standard Web browser as front-end. In this demonstration, a groupware system built on GWT and AJAX Push technology will be presented. The system provides a common foundation for developing synchronous groupware applications that consist of a set of groupware tools for various specific collaborative activities. It provides not only a desktop-application like user experience within a browser, but also retains the common Web user experience with link following and backward/forward navigation. The objective of this work is to make synchronous collaboration an integral part of collaboration support on the Web.
Applying cognitive linguistics to pedagogical grammar: the english prepositions of verticality

In this paper, we illustrate the merit of applying insights from Cognitive Linguistics to pedagogical grammar. We do so by examining English prepositions, long assumed to be one of the most difficult areas of acquisition for second language learners. The approach to the semantics of English prepositions we present is that developed in Evans and Tyler (2004a, b, In prep.) and Tyler and Evans (2001a, 2003). This account offers the following insights: 1) the concepts encoded by prepositions are image-schematic in nature and thus have an embodied basis. In other words, prepositions are not appropriately modelled as constituting linguistic propositions or semantic feature bundles (the received view in formal linguistics); 2) an English preposition encodes an abstract mental idealization of a spatial relation, derived from more specific spatial scenes. This forms the primary meaning component of a semantic network; 3) the idealized spatial relation also encodes a functional element, which derives from the way spatial relations are salient and relevant for human function and interaction with the physical environment; and 4) the additional senses in the semantic network have been extended in systematic, constrained ways. We discuss two key principles of extension: ways of viewing a spatial scene and experiential correlation. We demonstrate the usefulness of a Cognitive Linguistics approach by examining a few aspects of the lexicalization patterns exhibited by in and the four English prepositions of verticality, over, above, under and below. These prepositions provide good evidence that prepositional meanings are extended from the spatial to abstract domains in ways that are regular and constrained. We conclude that a Cognitive Linguistics approach to prepositions provides a more accurate, systematic account that, in turn, offers the basis for a more coherent, learnable presentation of this hitherto seemingly arbitrary aspect of English grammar.