Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and development of marine model species: strongylocentrotid sea urchins

Summary The phylogenetic relationships of ten strongy‐locentrotid sea urchin species were determined using mitochondrial DNA sequences. This phylogeny provides a backdrop for the evolutionary history of one of the most studied groups of sea urchins. Our phylogeny indicates that a major revision of this group is in order. All else remaining unchanged, it supports the inclusion of three additional species into the genus Strongylocentrotus (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Allocentrotus fragilis, and Pseudocentrotus depressus). All were once thought to be closely related to this genus, but subsequent revisions separated them into other taxonomic groupings. Most strongylocentrotid species are the result of a recent burst of speciation in the North Pacific that resulted in an ecological diversification. There has been a steady reduction in the complexity of larval skeletons during the expansion of this group. Gamete attributes like egg size, on the other hand, are not correlated with phylogenetic position. In addition, our results indicate that the rate of replacement substitutions is highly variable among phylogenetic lineages. The branches leading to S. purpuratus and S. franciscanus were three to six times longer than those leading to closely related species.
Mixed Graphical Models via Exponential Families

Markov Random Fields, or undirected graphical models are widely used to model highdimensional multivariate data. Classical instances of these models, such as Gaussian Graphical and Ising Models, as well as recent extensions (Yang et al., 2012) to graphical models specified by univariate exponential families, assume all variables arise from the same distribution. Complex data from high-throughput genomics and social networking for example, often contain discrete, count, and continuous variables measured on the same set of samples. To model such heterogeneous data, we develop a novel class of mixed graphical models by specifying that each node-conditional distribution is a member of a possibly different univariate exponential family. We study several instances of our model, and propose scalable M -estimators for recovering the underlying network structure. Simulations as well as an application to learning mixed genomic networks from next generation sequencing and mutation data demonstrate the versatility of our methods.
Thrombosis and anticoagulation therapy in coronary ectasia

A 41‐year‐old man presenting with unstable angina was found to have diffuse coronary ectasia with a partially occluding thrombus in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Anticoagulation with heparin followed by warfarin resulted in relief of angina and resolution of thrombosis at follow‐up angiography 3.5 months later. The patient remains well after three years. Nonatherosclerotic ectatic coronary arteries are prone to thrombosis possibly because of spasm, intimal damage, and blood current eddies. We believe that chronic warfarin therapy may be indicated in many patients with coronary ectasia.
Higher Learning, Greater Good: The Private & Social Benefits of Higher Education (review)

their degree completion. What is unique about this text is that each chapter offers reflective questions to assist the reader in applying the principles covered. For example, the reader is asked to contemplate how “your identities, interests, and abilities influenced you as a student and now as an instructor”? (p. 20). In what ways were you taught and how does that influence your current “teaching methodologies” (p. 20). Each chapter also offers activities, web resources, and suggestions for further reading. Principles, including their definitions, are offered clearly and succinctly. How these principles can be applied through practical strategies are discussed in subsequent chapters. Educational principles covered include contructivism, reflective and action learning, andragogy versus pedagogy, declarative and contextual knowledge, and linking new learning to prior learning. Moreover, benefits of e­learning plus small and large group designs are discussed, but so too are the problems associated within these contexts when they are poorly designed. The authors make specific recommendations within various learning contexts. For example, in the context of e­learning, recommendations are made in the areas of assistive technologies, Power Point, virtual learning environments, discussion forums, and immersive virtual worlds all with the intent of having them be as inclusive as possible. One easy tip to remember is the “666 recommendation” for Power Point; that is no more than six words per line, six lines per slide, and six continuous slides of text (text­ heavy presentations should be broken up with activities) (p. 100). In summary, this text describes inclusive practices in higher education to remove barriers to learning and student success. Hence, whether for new or experienced instructors, this is a guide to inclusive teaching practices in a pluralistic society and is a worthy read. However, those looking for a text with a more narrow focus on teaching strategies particular to the US will be disappointed.
Visceral adipose tissue: the link with esophageal adenocarcinoma

Abstract Objective. There is strong evidence for an association between obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This study investigated the association between directly measured visceral adipose tissue and the risk of EAC. Methods. In a case–control setting, we measured visceral adipose tissue in patients with EAC and healthy controls. Visceral adipose tissue was determined by abdominal CT. Exclusion criteria were uninterpretable CT scans and severe comorbidity. Controls were healthy volunteers undergoing screening CT colonography. Cross-sectional areas of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were measured in cm2 at L3/L4. Values of adipose tissue of EAC patients were extrapolated to stage 0 and compared to controls. The association between visceral adipose tissue and EAC was calculated with least-squares regression, adjusted for age, sex and TNM stage. Results. We included 175 EAC patients and 251 controls. While body mass index was similar in EAC patients (26.1 kg/m2) and controls (26.2 kg/m2), visceral adipose tissue was significantly higher in EAC patients at stage 0 than in controls (276 vs. 231 cm2; p = 0.015). Regarding subcutaneous adipose tissue, there was no difference. Conclusions. Patients with EAC have significantly higher visceral adipose tissue than healthy controls. Visceral adipose tissue is a risk factor in the development of EAC and seems to be more important than obesity alone.
2,3-Diphenylmaleimide 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one monosolvate

In the title compound, C16H11NO2·C5H9NO, the dihedral angles between the maleimide and phenyl rings are 34.7 (2) and 64.8 (2)°. In the crystal, the 2,3-diphenylmaleimide and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one molecules form centrosymmetrical dimers via pairs of strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions between the two neighboring maleimide rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.495 (2) Å]. The dimers are further linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.
Welsh-medium education and parental incentives – the case of the Rhymni Valley, Caerffili

Abstract According to the 2001 Census, there has been a substantial increase in the numbers of Welsh speakers aged 5–15 years, especially in south-east Wales. It is generally accepted that this increase can be largely attributed to the success of Welsh-medium education. Indeed, Welsh-medium education has long been seen as an effective language planning tool and language transmission sphere to transmit the Welsh language in Wales. The aim of this paper is to look at the main parental incentives for choosing Welsh-medium education in the Rhymni valley, Caerffili County. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to gather information from parents from the ‘meithrin’ stage (Welsh-medium nursery) and from the primary and secondary school sectors. The main parental incentives in the Rhymni Valley were seen to be cultural, educational, economic and personal reasons and integrative rather than instrumental incentives that came to the forefront. Past studies have tended to emphasise economic reasons, but the findings of this present project indicate that cultural reasons were more predominant factors for parents in the Rhymni valley.
Hope For/Against the State: Gridding in a Besieged Sarajevo Suburb

Abstract Anthropological dealings with the state often convey hope by replicating the hope of their subjects against the state. This libertarian paradigm provides effective analytical tools to grasp people's evasion of state grids, through cultural resilience-in-authenticity and/or autonomous self-organisation. Yet it cannot conceptualise their affective and practical investments in ordering statecraft, i.e. their hope for the state. Through a case study of self-organisation in the besieged outskirts of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article traces inhabitants’ yearnings for ‘normal lives’ and their efforts to allow the latter to unfold. I focus on schooling and its temporal calibration of routines, framed in the vertical encompassment of statecraft. Against the reduction of hope to hope against the state, the complementary analytical tool of ‘gridding’, I propose, allows an alternative form of replication, capturing people's yearnings for the convergence of top-down and upward/outward organisation of predictability on different scales.
ModelDB: a system for machine learning model management

Building a machine learning model is an iterative process. A data scientist will build many tens to hundreds of models before arriving at one that meets some acceptance criteria (e.g. AUC cutoff, accuracy threshold). However, the current style of model building is ad-hoc and there is no practical way for a data scientist to manage models that are built over time. As a result, the data scientist must attempt to "remember" previously constructed models and insights obtained from them. This task is challenging for more than a handful of models and can hamper the process of sensemaking. Without a means to manage models, there is no easy way for a data scientist to answer questions such as "Which models were built using an incorrect feature? ", "Which model performed best on American customers? " or "How did the two top models compare? " In this paper, we describe our ongoing work on ModelDB, a novel end-to-end system for the management of machine learning models. ModelDB clients automatically track machine learning models in their native environments (e.g. scikit-learn, spark.ml), the ModelDB backend introduces a common layer of abstractions to represent models and pipelines, and the ModelDB frontend allows visual exploration and analyses of models via a web-based interface.
Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple On-Line Sources

We present a methodology for summarization of news about current events in the form of briefings that include appropriate background (historical) information. The system that we developed, SUMMONS, uses the output of systems developed for the DARPA Message Understanding Conferences to generate summaries of multiple documents on the same or related events, presenting similarities and differences, contradictions, and generalizations among sources of information. We describe the various components of the system, showing how information from multiple articles is combined, organized into a paragraph, and finally, realized as English sentences. A feature of our work is the extraction of descriptions of entities such as people and places for reuse to enhance a briefing.
Leading the pack : future role of IS/IT professionals

To meet the information processing needs of the new global organisation, IS/IT managers and their IS/IT staff need to develop new skills, so that they may be more focused on the business rather than on technical processes. In exploring the theme of the changing role and contribution of the IS/IT professional, this monograph provides a literature analysis of the changing skills of IS/IT professionals and identifies the new skills and competencies required for successful IS/IT development and utilisation. The monograph also presents capability‐related models that have been tested in two global corporations. The results of the two case studies suggest that there is a need for improvement in the area of IS/IT leadership for effective IS/IT development and utilisation. Strategies for developing IS/IT leadership capabilities are discussed at the end of the monograph.
Conduct problems, IQ, and household chaos: a longitudinal multi-informant study.

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that household chaos would be associated with lower child IQ and more child conduct problems concurrently and longitudinally over two years while controlling for housing conditions, parent education/IQ, literacy environment, parental warmth/negativity, and stressful events. METHODS The sample included 302 families with same-sex twins (58% female) in Kindergarten/1st grade at the first assessment. Parents' and observers' ratings were gathered, with some collected over a two-year period. RESULTS Chaos varied widely. There was substantial mother-father agreement and longitudinal stability. Chaos covaried with poorer housing conditions, lower parental education/IQ, poorer home literacy environment, higher stress, higher negativity and lower warmth. Chaos statistically predicted lower IQ and more conduct problems, beyond the effects of other home environment factors. CONCLUSIONS Even with other home environment factors controlled, higher levels of chaos were linked concurrently with lower child IQ, and concurrently and longitudinally with more child conduct problems. Parent self-reported chaos represents an important aspect of housing and family functioning, with respect to children's cognitive and behavioral functioning.
The fate of resonant and off-resonant microbubble signals in response to consecutive imaging pulses

The study of single microbubble (MB) acoustics has relevance to signal and image processing of ultrasound (US) contrast imaging. The aim of this work is to study the effect of consecutive pulses on MB response. RF backscatter data from 223 single lipid shelled Definity® MBs were collected using a flow phantom and a modified Philips Sonos 5500 scanner. The results from 2 consecutive imaging pulses (1.6MHz, 550kPa, 6 cycles, 1kHz PRF) are presented and compared to similar results from a theoretical model of Definity (Keller-Miksis equation, Mooney-Rivlin shell model). Bubble survival in the 2nd pulse response was observed for 64% of scatterers. Surviving signals were observed to decay in amplitude and increase in relative harmonic content with each incident pulse, with the rate of decay being dependant on the first pulse response. Signals from MBs at resonance and above, are more resilient to the incident pulse compared to off-resonant MBs. Resonant MBs have been observed to migrate from resonant scatter in the first pulse response to off-resonant scatter in subsequent pulses, suggesting a change in size which takes them across the resonance peak. Theoretical results confirm that realistic changes in size can account for such differences, and will lead to an increase in the relative harmonic components as measured here. In light of these findings, the larger decay of off-resonant scatter compared to resonant scatter may offer increased performance of pulse sequences such as pulse amplitude modulation, and the order of incident pulses in the sequence then becomes crucial. Mechanisms including acoustically-driven diffusion and lipid shedding could be incorporated in future theoretical models to account for these effects.
Theory, Narrative, and Discipline at the Intersections of Science and Technology Studies and History

This article is an exploration of the differences between science and technology studies and the history of technology, taken as independent intellectual fields. The differences range from stylistic and professional, to matters of theory, narrative, and inference. These make true interdisciplinarity challenging, although scholars do bridge the disciplines. Both provide important resources for critical technological literacy by promoting historical thinking and by providing tools for exploring reflexivity by the social contextualization of scholarly activities and knowledge production in general.
Elasticity of hydrous wadsleyite to 12 GPa: Implications for Earth's transition zone

Knowledge of the pressure effect on elasticity of hydrous olivine polymorphs is necessary to model seismic wave speeds for potential hydrous regions of the mantle. Here we report single‐crystal elastic properties of wadsleyite, β‐Mg2SiO4, with 0.84 wt. % H2O measured to 12 GPa by Brillouin scattering. Pressure derivatives of the aggregate bulk modulus, K′S0, and shear modulus, G′0, of hydrous wadsleyite are 4.1(1) and 1.4(1) respectively. These values are indistinguishable within uncertainty from those of anhydrous wadsleyite. We estimate that ∼1 wt. % H2O in wadsleyite at 410‐km depth can reconcile seismic bulk sound velocities with a pyrolite‐composition mantle by using our measured high‐pressure elastic constants. If the H2O content of the mantle is much less than 1 wt. %, then other factors need to be considered to explain the velocity contrast of the 410‐km discontinuity. Variations in water content with depth may also contribute to the anomalously steep seismic velocity gradient in the mantle transition zone.
Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy

Using democracy in empirical work requires accurate measurement. Yet, most policy and academic research presupposes the accuracy of available measures. This article explores judge-specific measurement errors in cross-national indicators of liberal democracy. The authors evaluate the magnitude of these errors in widely used measures of democracy and determine whether their results replicate during a 17-year period (1972 to 1988). Then, they examine the nature of these systematic errors, hypothesizing that three different processes—(a) the information available for rating, (b) the judges' processing of this information, and (c) the method by which a judge's processing decisions are translated into a rating—could create error. The authors find that for the 17-year period from 1972 to 1988, there is unambiguous evidence of judge-specific measurement errors, which are related to traits of the countries. In the conclusion, the authors discuss the implications for democracy research and for other subjective measures.
Estimation of Power Consumption at Behavioral Modeling Level Using SystemC

A successful embedded system design requires thorough domain analysis and design space exploration. The aim is to develop a target system, which implements the prescribed functionality and at the same time meets the design, time, and cost-related constraints. The early evaluation of design characteristics, such as power consumption, allows the user to take advantage of many architectural design options available and to modify the system architecture, if needed. Currently, SystemC is used to model the hardware and software parts of a system at the high level. However, the characteristics of the modeled system are obtained only at the late design stages during physical synthesis. Here, we present a framework for power estimation at the modeling level of a design using macromodels. The SystemC class library is modified and extended with new classes describing the computation of power characteristics of the behavioral-level hardware models.
Recent progress in ion beam fabrication of integrated optical elements

Planar optical waveguides and Bragg gratings were designed and written in various optical crystals with medium energy ion implantation. Some examples of the fabricated integrated optical elements are presented in this article: Planar optical waveguides fabricated in Er: LiNbO3 crystal by irradiation with 5 MeV N3+ ions, and Bragg gratings fabricated by multi-energy implantation into a silicon substrate with N+ ions in the 800 keV - 3.5 MeV energy range. The SRIM code was used for planning the optical elements. The ion implanted optical elements were tested by spectroscopic ellipsometry and visible and infrared reflectometry. The results show that the proposed fabrication methods can produce integrated optical elements of adequate parameters.
The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics

Can we continue to believe in progress? In this sobering analysis of the Western human condition, Christopher Lasch seeks the answer in a history of the struggle between two ideas: one is the idea of progress - an idea driven by the conviction that human desire is insatiable and requires ever larger production forces. Opposing this materialist view is the idea that condemns a boundless appetite for more and better goods and distrusts "improvements" that only feed desire. Tracing the opposition to the idea of progress from Rousseau through Montesquieu to Carlyle, Max Weber and G.D. H. Cole, Lasch finds much that is desirable in a turn toward moral conservatism, toward a lower-middle-class culture that features egalitarianism, workmanship and loyalty, and recognizes the danger of resentment of the material goods of others.
Longitudinal image analysis of tumour–healthy brain change in contrast uptake induced by radiation

Summary. The work is motivated by a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of the differential tumour–healthy tissue change in contrast uptake induced by radiation. The goal is to determine the time in which there is maximal contrast uptake (a surrogate for permeability) in the tumour relative to healthy tissue. A notable feature of the data is its spatial heterogeneity. Zhang and co‐workers have discussed two parallel approaches to ‘denoise’ a single image of change in contrast uptake from baseline to one follow‐up visit of interest. In this work we extend the image model to explore the longitudinal profile of the tumour–healthy tissue contrast uptake in multiple images over time. We fit a two‐stage model. First, we propose a longitudinal image model for each subject. This model simultaneously accounts for the spatial and temporal correlation and denoises the observed images by borrowing strength both across neighbouring pixels and over time. We propose to use the Mann–Whitney U‐statistic to summarize the tumour contrast uptake relative to healthy tissue. In the second stage, we fit a population model to the U‐statistic and estimate when it achieves its maximum. Our initial findings suggest that the maximal contrast uptake of the tumour core relative to healthy tissue peaks around 3 weeks after initiation of radiotherapy, though this warrants further investigation.