Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Girls Text Really Weird”: Gender, Texting and Identity Among Teens

This article examines the strategies used by teenagers for interacting with members of the opposite sex when texting. This article uses material from a series of nine focus groups from 2009 in four US cities. It reports on the strategies they use and the problems they encounter as they negotiate this portion of their lives. Texting is a direct, person-to-person venue where they can develop their gendered identity and also investigate romantic interaction. In this activity, both genders show the ability to make fine-grained interpretations of texts, often interpreting the meaning of punctuation and other paralinguistic devices. In addition, they use texts to characterize the opposite sex. Teen boys' texts are seen as short and perhaps brisk when viewed by girls. Boys see teen girls' texts as being overly long, prying and containing unneeded elements. The discussion of these practices shows how teens engage in their sense of gender.
Risk factors for acquiring Strongyloides stercoralis infection among patients attending a tertiary hospital in south India.

PURPOSE Strongyloides stercoralis causes persistent and fatal disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors for acquiring strongyloidiasis and the associated morbidity in south India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in two parts. This included a 6-month chart review of cases with strongyloidiasis and randomly selected controls conducted to determine the association with immunocompromised states. Secondly, a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate hyperinfection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults where the stool and sputum samples were examined by microscopy for Strongyloides larvae. RESULTS In the chart review, 118 cases were compared with 240 controls. A higher proportion of patients on corticosteroids [8 (53.3%)] and with HIV infection [3 (60%)] had the risk of acquiring strongyloidiasis than not, although the difference was not statistically significant in this population. In the cross-sectional study, 14/239 HIV-positive individuals had Strongyloides larvae in the stool samples but none had Strongyloides detectable in their sputum samples. The CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in cases with Strongyloides compared with HIV-infected individuals with no parasites in their stool samples (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this setting, strongyloidiasis was seen more often in patients on corticosteroid therapy and with HIV infection. In HIV, an association with lower CD4 counts indicates the need for inclusion of Strongyloides as an opportunistic parasite. Gram negative sepsis was an important complication of strongyloidiasis hyperinfection in both HIV and steroid therapy. Further prospective studies on the risk of developing complicated Strongyloides infection are required.
Ultrastructure and Analytical Features of the Sinus Floor Augmentation with Osteograph ® and PepGen P-15 ®

The aim of the present study was to investigate an inorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite bone substitute (Osteograph? ) mixed with the same biomaterial coated with a synthetic peptide (P-15) analogue of collagen (PepGen P-15? ). This blend of bone replacement materials was used for sinus floor augmentation. Assessments were carried out by using histology methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microanalysis (EDX). Ultrastructural and analytical features of the interfaces between the graft material and the peri-biomaterial tissues were evaluated six months after implantation. Our findings clearly show that newly-formed crystallites first develop at the surface of implanted crystals. Histological investigations revealed new bone tissue linking biomaterial particles together. TEM assessments pointed out that lamellar bone was generally separated from the graft material by a layer of woven bone measuring between 1 and 1.5 μm in thickness. Although calcified bone tissue was observed in direct contact with bone filling particles, the presence of mineralized granular material around implanted particles was also noticed. No characteristic periodic striation of mineralized collagen was evident within that mineralized structure. Chemical analyses (TEM-EDX) realized at different locations of newly formed mineralized granular substance along the interface revealed average Ca/P ratios ranging between 1.02 and 1.63. The different, concomitantly occurring, aforementioned structural features of the interfaces strongly suggested that the host responses to the used biomaterial blend resulted from dynamic osseointegration phenomena related to various interfacial mechanisms. Nevertheless, the biological response to the bone graft material appeared clinically and histologically satisfactory.
Women Addicts' Experience of the Heroin World

THE NATURE OF THE HEROIN WORLD has been described in detail in many recent ethnographies. Among them are Agar’s study of &dquo;ripping and running&dquo; (1973), Feldman’s analysis of becoming an addict (1968), Fiddle’s study of the shooting gallery (1967), Gould’s study of connections (1974), Hughes’ study of copping networks (1977), Preble’s study of &dquo;taking care of business&dquo; (1969), and Sutter’s analysis of the world of the &dquo;righteous dope fiend&dquo; (1966). Each of these studies (and several more which were not mentioned for lack of space rather than judgment of quality) has made
Collision free row column S-random interleaver

Parallel decodable turbo codes (PDTCs) are suitable for concurrent decoding and hence have low latency. Memory collision issue is an important problem met during parallel processing. In this article, we propose a collision free interleaver for parallel processing operations. The performance of PDTCs is analyzed with the proposed random interleaver preventing the memory collision problem. Distance spectra of PDTCs with the proposed interleaver are computed and compared to those with S-random interleaver.
Host Genetic Variation Affects Resistance to Infection with a Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus in Mice

ABSTRACT Despite the prevalence of H5N1 influenza viruses in global avian populations, comparatively few cases have been diagnosed in humans. Although viral factors almost certainly play a role in limiting human infection and disease, host genetics most likely contribute substantially. To model host factors in the context of influenza virus infection, we determined the lethal dose of a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus (A/Hong Kong/213/03) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice and identified genetic elements associated with survival after infection. The lethal dose in these hosts varied by 4 logs and was associated with differences in replication kinetics and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines CCL2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in susceptible DBA/2J mice. Gene mapping with recombinant inbred BXD strains revealed five loci or Qivr (quantitative trait loci for influenza virus resistance) located on chromosomes 2, 7, 11, 15, and 17 associated with resistance to H5N1 virus. In conjunction with gene expression profiling, we identified a number of candidate susceptibility genes. One of the validated genes, the hemolytic complement gene, affected virus titer 7 days after infection. We conclude that H5N1 influenza virus-induced pathology is affected by a complex and multigenic host component.
Occupational Stereotypes, Perceived Status Differences, and Intercultural Communication in Global Organizations

This paper offers a novel perspective on why individuals in global organizations make culturally based attributions of their colleagues that impede effective working relations. Drawing on observational and interview data from an ethnographic study of product development work at a global automaker's engineering centers in Mexico, the United States, and India, we show the important role that occupational stereotypes and perceived status differentials play in global workplace interaction. The findings demonstrate that individuals who consider themselves to be “low-status” attempt to increase their status by leading high-status individuals to believe that they work in ways that reflect dominant occupational stereotypes. However, because these stereotypes are often inaccurate, members of the high-status culture assume that the stereotype-imitating behaviors of low-status individuals represent deficiencies in how they work. These findings have important implications for intercultural interaction in the global workplace and for theories of communication in multinational organizations.
A numerical study of shear layer characteristics of low-speed transverse jets

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are used to study the shear layer characteristics of a jet in a crossflow. Experimental observations by Megerian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129) at velocity ratios ( $R=\overline{v}_{j}/u_{\infty }$ ) of 2 and 4 and Reynolds number ( $Re=\overline{v}_{j}D/{\it\nu}$ ) of 2000 on the transition from absolute to convective instability of the upstream shear layer are reproduced. Point velocity spectra at different points along the shear layer show excellent agreement with experiments. The same frequency ( $St=0.65$ ) is dominant along the length of the shear layer for $R=2$ , whereas the dominant frequencies change along the shear layer for $R=4$ . DMD of the full three-dimensional flow field is able to reproduce the dominant frequencies observed from DNS and shows that the shear layer modes are dominant for both the conditions simulated. The spatial modes obtained from DMD are used to study the nature of the shear layer instability. It is found that a counter-current mixing layer is obtained in the upstream shear layer. The corresponding mixing velocity ratio is obtained, and seen to delineate the two regimes of absolute or convective instability. The effect of the nozzle is evaluated by performing simulations without the nozzle while requiring the jet to have the same inlet velocity profile as that obtained at the nozzle exit in the simulations including the nozzle. The shear layer spectra show good agreement with the simulations including the nozzle. The effect of shear layer thickness is studied at a velocity ratio of 2 based on peak and mean jet velocity. The dominant frequencies and spatial shear layer modes from DNS/DMD are significantly altered by the jet exit velocity profile.
Metacognition, specific obsessive-compulsive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive behaviour

Cognitive distortions and beliefs have been found to be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Most of these cognitive distortions are supposed to be non-specifically related to obsessive-compulsive behaviour in general, rather than specific domains of beliefs being related to specific forms of obsessive-compulsive behaviour. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether specific cognitive domains are related to specific obsessive-compulsive behaviours. In this study 305 subjects from the community completed a number of questionnaires assessing specific belief domains, obsessive-compulsive behaviour (Padua-R) and depressed mood (CES-D). Multiple regression analyses provided support for the notion that specific beliefs are associated with specific forms of obsessive-compulsive behaviour (i.e. washing, checking, precision, rumination and impulses). Further, as expected meta-cognition beliefs such as Thought-Action Fusion and Inverse Inference were found to be related to most forms of obsessive-compulsive behaviour. Depressed mood did not affect the results substantially. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning Styles of the Secondary Students in ARMM in Relation to their Performance in the Biology-Component of the National Achievement Test: Basis for Culture – Sensitive Modular Instruction

Abstract: This study is a descriptive-correlational and developmental, dealing with the learning styles of 661 secondary biology students, who comprised of four cultural minority groups, namely: a) Maguindanaon, b) Meranao and c)Tausog; and d. ) Mixed-culture group consisted of Christians and other non-Muslim denominations of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and its relationship of their performance in the biology component of the National Achievement Test (NAT). The learning styles of the respondents were measured using the Index of Learning Style by Felder and Solomon (1995) and Learning style Inventory by Kolb. The collected data of these two instruments were analysed with the use of frequency, weighted mean, Pearson-Coefficient correlation and ANOVA. Results revealed that there is no significant relationship between the performances of the respondents in biology component of the National Achievement Test with their Felder and Solomon learning style in the case of active/ reflective and visual/ verbal learning style, thus null hypothesis was accepted. On the other hand, in the case of sensing/ intuitive and sequential/ global learning style the null hypothesis was rejected. In Kolb’s learning styles, results show no significant relationship between the performances of the respondents in biology-component of the National Achievement Test with their Kolb’s learning styles. From the results of the study, the researcher designed an intervention program through modular instruction anchored to each culture in the respective participants such as the Maguinadanon, Meranao, Tausog, and the mixed – culture group. The culture based module designed by the researcher is the intervention to be used for the continuation of the study. Key words: learning style, culture-based module, biology performance.
Verbal working memory in ADHD children

Verbal working memory in ADHD children According to neuropsychological models of ADHD, deficits of working memory are regarded as an essential cognitive phenotype for the disorder (Barkley, 1997; Castellanos & Tannock, 2002; Martinussen & Tannock, 2006). The primary goal of the present study was to compare the functioning of the phonological loop and the central executive system in the situation of manipulation of verbal material in children with ADHD (inattentive and mixed subtypes) and without ADHD. 132 children 9-11 years old were examined. Results revealed worse performance of tasks in ADHD children than in healthy children. It may be considered not as a result of difficulties in the performance of operations on verbal material (central executive system) but as a consequence of difficulties in the material maintained in the phonological loop of verbal working memory. There were no differences between mixed ADHD and inattentive ADHD groups.
Different strategies for screening and prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults: cost effectiveness analysis

Objective To compare four potential screening strategies, and subsequent interventions, for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: (a) screening for type 2 diabetes to enable early detection and treatment, (b) screening for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, intervening with lifestyle interventions in those with a diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance to delay or prevent diabetes, (c) as for (b) but with pharmacological interventions, and (d) no screening. Design Cost effectiveness analysis based on development and evaluation of probabilistic, comprehensive economic decision analytic model, from screening to death. Setting A hypothetical population, aged 45 at time of screening, with above average risk of diabetes. Data sources Published clinical trials and epidemiological studies retrieved from electronic bibliographic databases; supplementary data obtained from the Department of Health statistics for England and Wales, the screening those at risk (STAR) study, and the Leicester division of the ADDITION study. Methods A hybrid decision tree/Markov model was developed to simulate the long term effects of each screening strategy, in terms of both clinical and cost effectiveness outcomes. The base case model assumed a 50 year time horizon with discounting of both costs and benefits at 3.5%. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to investigate assumptions of the model and to identify which model inputs had most impact on the results. Results Estimated costs for each quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained (discounted at 3.5% a year for both costs and benefits) were £14 150 (€17 560; $27 860) for screening for type 2 diabetes, £6242 for screening for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance followed by lifestyle interventions, and £7023 for screening for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance followed by pharmacological interventions, all compared with no screening. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20 000 the probability of the intervention being cost effective was 49%, 93%, and 85% for each of the active screening strategies respectively. Conclusions Screening for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, with appropriate intervention for those with impaired glucose tolerance, in an above average risk population aged 45, seems to be cost effective. The cost effectiveness of a policy of screening for diabetes alone, which offered no intervention to those with impaired glucose tolerance, is still uncertain.
The Problem of Low Agreement among Automated Identification Programs for Acoustical Surveys of Bats

Abstract. We compared 4 programs designed to identify species of bats from their echolocation calls (Bat Call ID, EchoClass, Kaleidoscope Pro, and SonoBat) using field data collected in Nebraska, USA (29,782 files). Although we did not know the true identity of these bats, we could still compare the pairwise agreement between software packages when identifying the same call sequences. If accuracy is high in these software packages, there should be high agreement in identification. Agreement in identification by species averaged approximately 40% and varied by software package, species, and data set. Our results are not consistent with the high accuracy often claimed by some software packages and may be a warning about the importance of understanding accuracy of acoustical identification in designing ecological experiments and interpreting results.
The School Context of Gender Disparities in Math Motivation

Females are still vastly underrepresented in math and science careers. This may be partly due to continued gender disparities in math and science motivation (i.e., the cognitions and emotions that drive math and science related choices and behaviors). Yet the effect of school contexts on these disparities is still unclear. School effects research has mostly focused on schools' role in achievement outcomes, while research on student motivation, including gender differences in math motivation, has primarily studied the contribution of individual-level factors to motivation. There are numerous policy and practice implications that can emerge from the finding that schools impact motivation even after controlling for student and family characteristics. Determining what school features are related to gender disparities could inform classroom and school-wide reforms to improve girls' math and science motivation. Therefore, this study not only adds to the school effects and motivation literatures, but it could also shape education policy and practice by examining the school context of gender disparities in math motivation. To study school contributions to student motivational outcomes, data from the National High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 were analyzed. The survey tapped into students' and teachers' perceptions of their schools, significant school features (e.g., school sector and teaching quality) as well as students' 1) beliefs about their math ability, 2) interest in math 3) perceived usefulness of math, and 4) intentions to take math in the future. Multi-level modeling was used to assess school-level features that contribute to gender disparities in math motivation. Results suggest student perceptions of teachers are strongly associated with between-school differences in math motivation, as well as gender disparities in motivation. For schools in which females were strongly motivated for math compared to males, students reported highly positive relationships with their math teachers. The results from this study will help professionals involved in education recognize the role of math teaching climate and quality in enhancing the math motivation of underrepresented female students.
Scholarlycommons Versa: a Tool for the Specification and Analysis of Resource-bound Real-time Systems Recommended Citation Versa: a Tool for the Specification and Analysis of Resource-bound Real-time Systems Versa: a Tool for the Specification and Analysis of Resource-bound Real-time Systems Ms-cis-

VERSA is a tool that assists in the algebraic analysis of real-time systems. It is based on ACSR, a timed process algebra designed to express resource-bound real-time distributed systems. VERSA supports the analysis of real-time processes through algebraic rewriting, interactive execution, and equivalence testing. This paper begins by presenting a brief overview of the process algebra ACSR, its syntax, operational semantics, and equivalence relations. VERSA'S process and command syntax, its algebraic rewrite system, and its state-based analysis features are described fully. The presentation includes examples that illustrate the salient features of ACSR, and output from sample VERSA sessions that demonstrate the application of the tool to real-time systems analysis. Abstract VERSA is a tool that assists in the algebraic analysis of real-time systems. It is based on ACSR, a timed process algebra designed to express resource-bound real-time distributed systems. VERSA supports the analysis of real-time processes through algebraic rewriting, interactive execution, and equivalence testing. This paper begins by presenting a brief overview of the process algebra ACSR, its syntax, operational semantics, and equivalence relations. VERSA'S process and command syntax, its algebraic rewrite system, and its state-based analysis features are described fully. The presentation includes examples that illustrate the salient features of ACSR, and output from sample VERSA sessions that demonstrate the application of the tool to real-time systems analysis.
Security Developer Studies with GitHub Users: Exploring a Convenience Sample

The usable security community is increasingly considering how to improve security decision-making not only for end users, but also for information technology professionals, including system administrators and software developers. Re-cruiting these professionals for user studies can prove challenging, as, relative to end users more generally, they are limited in numbers, geographically concentrated, and accus-tomed to higher compensation. One potential approach is to recruit active GitHub users, who are (in some ways) conveniently available for online studies. However, it is not well understood how GitHub users perform when working on security-related tasks. As a ﬁrst step in addressing this question, we conducted an experiment in which we recruited 307 active GitHub users to each complete the same security-relevant programming tasks. We compared the results in terms of functional correctness as well as security, ﬁnding diﬀerences in performance for both security and functionality related to the participant’s self-reported years of experience, but no statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerences related to the participant’s self-reported status as a student, status as a professional developer, or security background. These results provide initial evidence for how to think about validity when recruiting convenience samples as substitutes for professional developers in security developer studies.