Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coreference Resolution Using Competition Learning Approach

In this paper we propose a competition learning approach to coreference resolution. Traditionally, supervised machine learning approaches adopt the single-candidate model. Nevertheless the preference relationship between the antecedent candidates cannot be determined accurately in this model. By contrast, our approach adopts a twin-candidate learning model. Such a model can present the competition criterion for antecedent candidates reliably, and ensure that the most preferred candidate is selected. Furthermore, our approach applies a candidate filter to reduce the computational cost and data noises during training and resolution. The experimental results on MUC-6 and MUC-7 data set show that our approach can outperform those based on the single-candidate model.
Monadic theories of wellorders

This article is a partial survey of work on the monadic second order theory of wellorders, concentrating on connections with finite state automata. We present a progression of results, starting with the case of finite wellorders and ending with a general connection between monadic truth and automata on all ordinals. We give proofs and proof sketches at the initial levels, to illustrate some of the ideas in the work connecting automata and monadic truth. At higher levels the proofs are substantially more complicated and beyond the scope of this article. Our exposition follows the most direct mathematical route, and should not be taken as either a complete or an historical account. We refer the reader to Gurevich [7] for a survey on monadic theories, to Khoussainov–Nerode [9] for a comprehensive account of fundamental results on finite state automata, and to the papers by Vardi and Thomas in this volume for specific applications of automata theory in computer science. Recall that the monadic second order language, monadic language for short below, has two kinds of variables: first order variables which range over elements of the structure, and second order variables which range over subsets of the structure. The atomic formulas in the monadic language are the usual first order atomic formulas (in first order variables), and formulas of the form v ∈ U where v is a first order variable and U is a second order variable. General formulas are built from atomic formulas using negations, conjunctions, and existential quantifications over both first and second order variables. In many cases the monadic language provides a nice balance of expressivity and feasibility. Feasibility here is a vague term, and can mean many different things, for example that the corresponding theory is decidable, that the theory can be described in terms of a theory in a more limited language, or that definability can be described. It is in proving these kinds of feasibility that we make use of finite state automata. We are concerned specifically with theories of wellorders, namely of structures of the form (α;<), where < is a wellorder of the set α. Without loss of generality we may assume that α is an ordinal, and < is the membership relation restricted to α.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act affect ietary intake of low-income individuals ? §

This paper examines the relationship between increased Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits following the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the diet quality of individuals from SNAP-eligible compared to ineligible (those with somewhat higher income) households using data from the 2007– 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The ARRA increased SNAP monthly benefits by 13.6% of the maximum allotment for a given household size, equivalent to an increase of $24 to $144 for one-to-eight person households respectively. In the full sample, we find that these increases in SNAP benefits are not associated with changes in nutrient intake and diet quality. However, among those with no more than a high school education, higher SNAP benefits are associated with a 46% increase in the mean caloric share from sugarsweetened beverages (SSBs) and a decrease in overall diet quality especially for those at the lower end of the diet quality distribution, amounting to a 9% decline at the 25th percentile. Published by Elsevier B.V. This research was partly funded through a Research Innovation and velopment Grant in Economics (RIDGE) Grant No. 59-5000-0-0013 m the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Economic Research rvice administered through the Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP) the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The authors thank participants the April 2013 IRP-USDA RIDGE Workshop and the December 13 USDA RIDGE meetings for their detailed and useful comments. remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors. Most of this rk was conducted while Sandra Decker was at the National Center for alth Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rk was completed while Sandra Decker was with the Agency for althcare Research and Quality. The views and opinions expressed rein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the titute for Research on Poverty, the United States Department of riculture, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, or the nters for Disease Control and Prevention. Corresponding author. Tel. : +1 3014271669. E-mail address: sandra.decker@ahrq.hhs. gov (S.L. Decker).
Europium and samarium separation using ion exchange between molten salts and beta“-alumina

ABSTRACT The separation of Eu and Sm from each other is made difficult by their shared preference to be a trivalent cation as well as their similar ionic radii. A new approach to separating Eu and Sm using ion exchange reactions between molten salts and a solid electrolyte, beta″-alumina, has been demonstrated. The highest separation factor achieved was greater than 30. However, the Eu extraction efficiency was low. The highest Eu extraction efficiency achieved was 51.8% ± 2.6 with a separation factor of 4.70 ± 0.46.
Ki-67 as a prognostic marker according to breast cancer molecular subtype

Objective: Ki-67 plays an important function in cell division, but its exact role is still unknown. Moreover, few works regarding its overall function were published. The present study evaluated the clinical significance of Ki-67 index as a prognostic marker and predictor of recurrence in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The relationship of Ki-67 index with different clinicopathological factors was also analyzed. Methods: Ki-67 index was measured in 107 cases of primary breast cancer from 2010-2012. These patients were evaluated for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Ki-67 was divided according to percentage levels: < 15% and > 15%. Follow-up ranged from 32 months up to 6 years. Results: Approximately 44, 23, 15, and 25 cases were grouped as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 subtype, and triple-negative (TN), respectively. No luminal A patients showed Ki-67 level higher than 15%, and their recurrence was 20%. In luminal B group, Ki-67 level higher than 15% was observed in 69% of patients, and recurrence was 39%. In HER2 subtype, Ki-67 was higher than 15% in 34% of cases, and recurrence was 40%. In triple-negative cases, Ki-67 was higher than 15% in 60% of cases, and recurrence was detected in 32% of patients. Patients with Ki-67 less than 15% displayed better overall survival than those with Ki-67 higher than 15% (P = 0.01). Patients with Ki-67 higher than 15% exhibited higher incidence of metastasis and recurrence than those with Ki-67 less than 15% (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Ki-67 may be considered as a valuable biomarker in breast cancer patients.
Ocular disease in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus): a survey of 1000 animals.

OBJECTIVE Anecdotal evidence has suggested that guinea pigs have a high prevalence of ocular lesions. Here we undertook a survey of 1000 guinea pigs from populations of animals kept as laboratory animals, breeding show cavies, animals kept as pets and those from rescue and rehoming centers. Each animal was examined to assess for ocular abnormalities. PROCEDURES A full ophthalmic examination was performed on each animal with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and with slit lamp biomicroscopy. Measurement of tear production using the Schirmer tear test 1 and intraocular pressure using the Tonopen applanation tonometer after topical anesthesia was undertaken in selected animals. RESULTS Forty-five percent of animals examined had some ocular abnormality. The majority were lens lesions including 17% with cataract and 21% with subclinical lens abnormalities such as nuclear sclerosis. Other abnormalities included conjunctivitis in 4.7% and keratitis in 3.6%. Lipid deposition in conjunctiva was observed in 2.3% of guinea pigs and ciliary body heterotopic bone formation in 0.8% of animals. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a high proportion of eyes with some degree of abnormality in animals otherwise considered healthy. Information on diseases of the guinea pig eye is important given the use of the species as a laboratory rodent and also the number kept as pets and show animals.
Family and Peer Risk Factors as Predictors of Lifetime Tobacco Use among Iranian Adolescents: Gender Similarities and Differences

Introduction: Family and peer risk factors are considered as important predictors of tobacco use in adolescents. Furthermore, information regarding gender differences in lifetime tobacco use of adolescents is essential for designing gender-specific tobacco prevention policies. Methods: In a cross-sectional population-based study, 870 Iranian adolescents (430 boys and 436 girls) aged 15-18 years old, filled out the adopted form of “Communities That Care Youth Survey”. Four family and two peer risk factors were entered in adjusted logistic regression analyses to predict the lifetime tobacco use (cigarette and smokeless tobacco) in boys and girls, separately. Results: Boys reported higher prevalence of lifetime cigarettes use compared to girls (22.8% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.04). However, the prevalence of lifetime smokeless tobacco use in girls was the same as boys, even slightly higher (7.9% vs. 7.1%, P=0.5). “Family history of drug use” and “Friends use of drugs” were common risk factors predicting cigarettes and smokeless tobacco use between both genders. On the other hand, other family risk factors included “Poor family management”, “Parental attitude favorable toward drug use” and “Family conflict” were the predictors of lifetime tobacco use only in girls, but not in boys. Conclusion: Design and implementation of preventative programs for adolescents tobacco use should be conducted with emphasis on the role of smoker parents at home, and friendship with substance user peers with antisocial behaviors. It seems that family risk factors may have more value in prevention of tobacco use in female adolescents.
Effect of Honey/PVA Hydrogel Loaded by Erythromycin on Full-Thickness Skin Wound Healing in Rats; Stereological Study

Background: Skin wounds are a significant public health risk, and treatment of wound remains a challenging clinical problem for medical teams and researchers. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the healing effects of honey/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel loaded with erythromycin as wound dressing on skin wounds in rats, based on histological studies. In this study, 60 male Wistar rats, with a 1.5 ×1.5 cm2 diameter full-thickness wounds on the backs were divided into four groups: honey/PVA with the erythromycin hydrogel group, honey group, PVA group, and the control group, with no treatment. Skin biopsies were prepared at days 4, 7, and 14 for microscopic analyses. The stereological analysis, including the mean area of the wound, length of vessels, numerical density of fibroblast, macrophage, basal cell and volume of the epidermis, dermis, and fibrous tissue were performed. Results: Wounds area in the honey/PVA hydrogel with the erythromycin group were significantly (P<0.05) smaller than in the other group. The numerical density of fibroblast, macrophage, basal cell and volume of the epidermis in the honey/PVA hydrogel with the erythromycin group were significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion: According to our results, honey/PVA hydrogel with erythromycin may promote early wound healing and has a positive influence on fibroblast proliferation and re-epithelialization, and its administration is recommended after further validation of clinical data.
Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Radio-Frequency Flexible Electronics

Flexible radio-frequency (RF) electronics require materials which possess both exceptional electronic properties and high-strain limits. While flexible graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have demonstrated significantly higher strain limits than FETs fabricated from thin films of Si and III-V semiconductors, to date RF performance has been comparatively worse, limited to the low GHz frequency range. However, flexible GFETs have only been fabricated with modestly scaled channel lengths. In this paper, we fabricate GFETs on flexible substrates with short channel lengths of 260 nm. These devices demonstrate extrinsic unity-power-gain frequencies, fmax, up to 7.6 GHz and strain limits of 2%, representing strain limits an order of magnitude higher than the flexible technology with next highest reported fmax.
Value-Inspired Elderly Care Service Design for aging-in-Place

Most current projects aimed at in-home monitoring for the elderly appear to focus on demonstrating technical feasibility and ensuring safety. In doing so, they often overlook the complexity of the interactions between the elderly and the caregivers. This study explores this complexity by adopting a value-inspired design perspective. Following an action design method, we describe the (re)design of the system and service protocol for an elderly-home monitoring effort. The work requires that we leverage the capabilities (of the technological infrastructure system as well as the service providers) to reconcile the values held by the participants (the elderly and their caregivers). We report design principles developed via this effort, and show that they can enhance the outcomes in such projects.
Iron Absorption from Infant Foods

ABSTRACT: To determine the bioavailability of iron from iron-fortified infant foods, we have determined erythrocyte incorporation of the stable isotope, 58Fe, after feeding the following foods extrinsically labeled with 58Fe: 1) rice cereal with apples and bananas (“cereal-fruit product”), 2) Mead Johnson Enriched Baby Food (MJEBF), a vitamin, mineral, and protein-enriched rice cereal, 3) vegetables and beef (“vegetable-beef product”), 4) grapejuice, and 5) MJEBF. Foods 1-4 were fortified with ferrous sulfate, and food 5 was fortified with ferrous fumarate. Blood was obtained at ages 140, 168, and 196 d of age, and the test meal was fed under standardized conditions at 154 d of age. Erythrocyte incorporation of the 58Fe label was determined from the increase in the mass isotope ratio, 58Fe/57Fe, from the baseline value (at 140 d of age) to the follow-up values. The mass isotope ratio was determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Geometric mean total iron incorporation into erythrocytes from the test meal of MJEBF fortified with ferrous sulfate (food 2) was 0.05 mg, and from the vegetable-beef product test meal (food 3) was 0.08 mg. The low value for MJEBF is presumably explained by the low level of iron fortification. The low value for the vegetable-beef product may reflect the presence of inhibitors of iron absorption. Geometric mean erythrocyte incorporations of iron from the test meals with foods 1, 4 and 5 were 0.15, 0.14, and 0.18 mg, respectively. These erythrocyte incorporation values are 20 to 26% of the estimated 0.7 mg requirement for absorbed iron, and therefore seem nutritionally important.
Sporadic Burkitt's Lymphoma of the Hypopharynx: A Case Report

Burkitt's lymphoma is a rapidly growing, high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has three distinct variants. Of these, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma most frequently involves the gastrointestinal system, and the hypopharynx is a rare site of occurrence. Here, the authors report a case of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma in a 28-year-old male who presented with change of voice as the only complaint. On examination, a mass was found in the hypopharynx that obstructed the laryngeal inlet. The patient underwent an elective examination under general anesthesia and biopsy of the lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, following which surgical tracheostomy was performed with complete excision of the mass. A prompt diagnosis is vital to ensure appropriate management of rapidly evolving tumors, such as Burkitt's lymphoma. When diagnosing hypopharyngeal masses, a high index of suspicion is required, as other diseases may appear with similar presentations.
How Transferable are Neural Networks in NLP Applications?

Transfer learning is aimed to make use of valuable knowledge in a source domain to help model performance in a target domain. It is particularly important to neural networks, which are very likely to be overfitting. In some fields like image processing, many studies have shown the effectiveness of neural network-based transfer learning. For neural NLP, however, existing studies have only casually applied transfer learning, and conclusions are inconsistent. In this paper, we conduct systematic case studies and provide an illuminating picture on the transferability of neural networks in NLP.
Amniotic membrane transplantation for reconstruction of corneal epithelial surface in cases of partial limbal stem cell deficiency.

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of amniotic membrane for treatment of partial limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS Medical records of four patients with partial LSCD who underwent pannus resection and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) were reviewed for ocular surface stability and improvement in visual acuity. Clinico-histopathological correlation was done with the resected pannus tissue. RESULTS All the eyes exhibited stable corneal epithelial surface by an average of 7 weeks postoperatively with improvement in subjective symptoms. Best corrected visual acuity improved from preoperative (range: 6/9p-6/120) to postoperative (range: 6/6p-6/15) by an average of 4.5 lines on Snellen visual acuity charts. Histopathological examination of excised tissue showed features of conjunctivalisation. CONCLUSION Amniotic membrane transplantation appears to be an effective means of reconstructing the corneal epithelial surface and for visual rehabilitation of patients with partial limbal stem cell deficiency. It may be considered as an alternative primary procedure to limbal transplantation in these cases.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF INTER-CLUSTER COMMUNICATION WITH SOFTWARE-BASED DATA COMPRESSION IN LINK LAYER

The communication performance is an important factor of the performance in cluster computer, which must be considered for the challenge that tries to improve its overall performance to accomplish the desired one. This paper focuses on the communication method for reducing the communication data in cluster computer using a data compression mechanism based on software in the link layer of cluster network, called the link layer compression. The technique is implemented on a lower layer of the cluster network comparatively to the mechanisms proposed in the preceding researches. Finally, the performance results show that the technique is able to enhance the performance of cluster computer, as well as achieve good compatibility for cluster-oriented applications.
Fulminant hepatitis A virus infection in the United States: Incidence, prognosis, and outcomes

Acute liver failure (ALF) due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is an uncommon but potentially lethal illness. The aim of this study was to identify readily available laboratory and clinical features associated with a poor prognosis among ALF patients with HAV infection. The presenting features of 29 adults with anti‐HAV IgM positive ALF enrolled in the ALFSG_between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed. The HAV patients listed for transplantation by UNOS were also reviewed. Acute HAV accounted for 3.1% of patients enrolled in the ALFSG. At 3 weeks follow‐up, 16 had spontaneously recovered (55%), 9 underwent transplantation (31%), and 4 had died (14%). A prognostic model incorporating 4 presenting features (serum ALT <2,600 IU/L, creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, intubation, pressors) had an AUROC for transplant/death of 0.899 which was significantly better than the King's College criteria (0.623, P = .018) and MELD scores (0.707, P = .0503). Between 1988 and 2005, the frequency of patients requiring liver transplantation for HAV in the UNOS database significantly decreased from 0.7 % to 0.1% (P < .001). In addition, the proportion of HAV cases enrolled in the ALFSG significantly decreased from 5% to 0.8% (P = .007). In conclusion, the frequency of HAV patients enrolling in the ALFSG and being listed for liver transplantation in the United States has declined in parallel. A prognostic index consisting of 4 clinical and laboratory features predicted the likelihood of transplant/death significantly better than other published models suggesting that disease specific prognostic models may be of value in non‐acetaminophen ALF. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:1589–1597.)
High-Definition Video Compression System Based on Perception Guidance of Salient Information of a Convolutional Neural Network and HEVC Compression Domain

The new generation of the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) video coding standard has improved compression performance and brought considerable coding complexity. Therefore, reducing the perception redundancy of video to obtain a better compression effect is the new direction of video development at present. In this paper, the HEVC is improved and enhanced from the aspects of a video saliency algorithm based on an attention mechanism and a video compression algorithm based on perception priority. In terms of video saliency, this paper proposes a spatial saliency algorithm based on a convolutional neural network and a temporal saliency algorithm based on motion vector. The saliency algorithm can combine the motion estimation results of each block during the HEVC compression on the basis of convolutional neural network and carry out adaptive dynamic fusion of the two, to complete the saliency map of the input video. In the aspect of the video compression algorithm with perception priority, this paper proposes a more flexible QP selection method, which selects its corresponding QP according to the saliency value of CU. At the same time, we propose a new rate-distortion optimization algorithm, which integrates the current block’s saliency feature into the traditional rate-distortion calculation method, to guide the allocation of bits and achieve the purpose of perception priority. The experimental results proved the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art perceptual coding algorithms in terms of saliency detection and perceptual compression quality.