Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Creating Aspect Weavers

Several new modularity technologies have been proposed that improve separation of concerns in programming languages. In particular, research in Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has been promoted as a means toward the separation of concerns that crosscut the modularity of an implementation. This brief summary presents two research objectives for extending AOP. First, the concept of AOP is investigated at a higher level of abstraction. A core focus of this objective is the application of aspect-oriented (AO) techniques to modelintegrated computing. The second research objective involves the creation of a framework that aids in the construction of new aspect weavers. The framework utilizes several domain-specific languages (DSLs) and generators to provide variability among weaver instances.
Learning Compact Recurrent Neural Networks with Block-Term Tensor Decomposition

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful sequence modeling tools. However, when dealing with high dimensional inputs, the training of RNNs becomes computational expensive due to the large number of model parameters. This hinders RNNs from solving many important computer vision tasks, such as Action Recognition in Videos and Image Captioning. To overcome this problem, we propose a compact and flexible structure, namely Block-Term tensor decomposition, which greatly reduces the parameters of RNNs and improves their training efficiency. Compared with alternative low-rank approximations, such as tensortrain RNN (TT-RNN), our method, Block-Term RNN (BT-RNN), is not only more concise (when using the same rank), but also able to attain a better approximation to the original RNNs with much fewer parameters. On three challenging tasks, including Action Recognition in Videos, Image Captioning and Image Generation, BT-RNN outperforms TT-RNN and the standard RNN in terms of both prediction accuracy and convergence rate. Specifically, BT-LSTM utilizes 17,388 times fewer parameters than the standard LSTM to achieve an accuracy improvement over 15.6% in the Action Recognition task on the UCF11 dataset.
The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: Another View

In a recent paper in this Revieti*, Isaac Ehrlich found a negative relationship be-tueen the use o f the death penalty a n d homicide rates, over the three and a half decades from 1935 69 in the United States. This empirical finding, in apparent conflict with previous studies on the subject (see Thorsten Sellin, Robert Dann), takes on special meaning because (a) it is the first test of the capital punishment deterrence hypothesis to use econometric estimation techniques , and (b) its publication comes at a time when legislatures and the courts in both the United States a n d Canada are reshaping public policy on the use of the death penalty. Hence the importance of a second look a t Ehrlich's results. Such a reexamination, described below, suggests that the time-series model and data used by Ehrlich permit no inference about the deterrent effect of capital punishment on homicide. The data indicate that the parametersof Ehrlich's model are extremely sensitive to the choices of included explanatory variables and the functional form of the model; when recast in equally plausible alternative structures, the Ehrlich model fails to generate a deterrent effect for executions. Moreover, Ehrlich's methodo-logical approach to the question, estimation of a single structural equation relating executions to murders, sharply limits the policy implications of the estimated coefficients. Section I briefly describes Ehrlich's murder rate function and tests the model for parameter stability over the sample period. * C o l u m b ~ a Unirersit! A n early rersion of this paper was wrltten before the Ehrlich appendix appeared: it uses an alternative data set. available on request from the authors. This paper was listed as a Columbia Workshop discuss~oli paper; it was published In a moditicd a n d less technical version in 1976. T h c conclusion a n d findings are similar despite the different data set. W e would like to thank Phoebus J. D h p m e s a n d David Krnnett for their comments a n d assistance. Section I1 considers his choice of explanatory variables and functional forms, and examines sensitivity of his estimate to these choices. Section 111 examines the pitfalls of inferring an execution-murder tradeoff from a single estimated equation. A representative sample of the empirical results reported by Ehrlich in support of the deterrence effect of capital punishment is his equation (I), Table 4, …
Relevance of digestive tract colonization in the epidemiology of nosocomial infections due to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Fecal colonization with multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated in 189 consecutive patients in intensive care units (ICUs) during two different 2-month periods (October-November 1993 and May-June 1994). Rectal swabs were obtained weekly from admission to discharge from the ICU. Overall, 77 patients (41%) had multiresistant A. baumannii fecal colonization; colonization was detected in 55 (71%) of the patients within the first week of their ICU stay. Clinical infections due to multiresistant A. baumannii occurred more frequently in patients with fecal colonization than in those without fecal colonization (26% vs. 5%, respectively; P < .001). The reinforcement of isolation measures between study periods reduced both the number of fecal carriers of multiresistant A. baumannii (from 52% to 31%; P < .01) and the number of patients with multiresistant A. baumannii infections (from 17% to 11%; no statistical significance). The digestive tract of ICU patients could be an important epidemiologic reservoir for multiresistant A. baumannii infections in hospital outbreaks. Further prospective studies should be undertaken to define the relative significance of digestive tract colonization compared with other body site colonizations.
A new framework for dynamically evolving database environments

This paper describes research work carried out with the aim to investigate dynamically evolving database environments and corresponding schemata, allowing storage and manipulation of variable length data, a variable number of fields per record, variable length records, manipulation of authority records and links between records and fields, and dynamically defined objects (relations in the traditional sense). The paper proposes a new framework for the definition of a unified schema that eliminates completely the need for reorganisation at both logical and internal levels. Retrieval of data is optimised through self‐contained storage chunks that also vary dynamically.
Testing methods for quaternary content addressable memory using charge-sharing sensing scheme

Due to its capability of parallel search, content addressable memory (CAM) has been widely used on the applications requiring high-speed data search. In recent years, the architectures and design techniques for CAM have been consistently evolving. However, the incoming testing issues for those newly evolved CAM designs are not fully discussed. In this paper, we investigate the testing issues for a new 28nm quaternary CAM, which provides the additional fourth state compared to a conventional ternary CAM and utilizes a charge-sharing sensing scheme for reducing its search power consumption. We first identify the new fault models for this quaternary CAM that are not covered in the conventional CAM testing based on the simulation result, and derive the corresponding test algorithm for those new fault models. The effectiveness of the proposed test algorithm is then validated by the testing result of 7200 28nm sample chips covering different process corners with the help of a newly designed command-based memory BIST.
Reciprocal Effects of Follower Proactivity and LMX: A Longitudinal Analysis

In organizational context, proactivity refers to the active role of employees in influencing their work environment, which includes the relationship with their supervisor. With two longitudinally examined cohorts of newcomers in a large car manufacturer the relationships between personal initiative (a proactivity personality construct) of followers and their leader-member exchange (LMX) quality were studied. Results support the assumption that followers’ personal initiative is a relatively stable personality disposition, which directionally impacts positively on LMX-quality. Moreover, LMX-quality in return impacts on personal initiative, which speaks to a pivotal role played by leaders in promoting employee proactivity at work.
Normalizing Metabolism in Diabetic Pregnancy: Is It Time to Target Lipids?

Outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preexisting diabetes (type 1 and type 2) and gestational diabetes mellitus have improved, but there is still excess morbidity compared with normal pregnancy. Management strategies appropriately focus on maternal glycemia, which demonstrably improves pregnancy outcomes for mother and infant. However, we may be reaching the boundaries of obtainable glycemic control for many women. It has been acknowledged that maternal lipids are important in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Elevated maternal lipids are associated with preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and large-for-gestational-age infants. Despite this understanding, assessment of management strategies targeting maternal lipids has been neglected to date. Consideration needs to be given to whether normalizing maternal lipids would further improve pregnancy outcomes. This review examines the dyslipidemia associated with pregnancy complicated by diabetes, reviews possible therapies, and considers whether it is time to start actively managing this aspect of maternal metabolism.
Resistance of α-synuclein null mice to the parkinsonian neurotoxin MPTP

Parkinson's disease (PD) is most commonly a sporadic illness, and is characterized by degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine (DA) neurons and abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates of α-synuclein. Rarely, PD may be caused by missense mutations in α-synuclein. MPTP, a neurotoxin that inhibits mitochondrial complex I, is a prototype for an environmental cause of PD because it produces a pattern of DA neurodegeneration that closely resembles the neuropathology of PD. Here we show that α-synuclein null mice display striking resistance to MPTP-induced degeneration of DA neurons and DA release, and this resistance appears to result from an inability of the toxin to inhibit complex I. Contrary to predictions from in vitro data, this resistance is not due to abnormalities of the DA transporter, which appears to function normally in α-synuclein null mice. Our results suggest that some genetic and environmental factors that increase susceptibility to PD may interact with a common molecular pathway, and represent the first demonstration that normal α-synuclein function may be important to DA neuron viability.
Effect of Prolonged Storage up to 1-Year on the High Strain Rate Properties of SAC Leadfree Alloys at Operating Temperatures up to 200 °C

Transient dynamic loads in addition to prolonged periods of high temperature exposure are a part of number of high profile applications with high reliability needs. Examples include - electronics in automotive applications may be mounted under the hood or in the trunk of the car resulting in prolonged periods of high temperature exposure followed by operation under vibration while at environmental temperature extremes, and electronics in downhole drilling applications may be mounted close to the drill tip resulting in exposure to transient dynamic loads. High strain rates encountered subsequent to prolonged periods of non-operational high temperature storage encountered in downhole drilling, and automotive underhood applications require the development of computational tools and techniques for prediction of material deformation behavior and reliability. In this study, mechanical properties of lead free SAC105 and SAC305 has been measured for strain rates 1-100 per sec at elevated temperature 200°C after prolonged storage for periods up to 1-year. Stress-Strain curves have been plotted over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures for pristine specimen which have been fabricated using reflow profiles representative of solder-joint production assemblies. The fabricated SAC105 and SAC305 leadfree alloys specimen have been tested at strain rates of 10, 35, 50 and 75 per sec at various operating temperatures of 50°C, 75°C, 100°C, 125°C, 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C. Experimental data for the aged specimen has been fit to the ANAND's viscoplastic model.
Cephalometric predictors of treatment outcome with mandibular advancement devices in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review

Objective The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ranges between 42% and 65%. However, it is still unclear which predictive factors can be used to select suitable patients for MAD treatment. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcomes in adult OSA patients. Methods The MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through December 2014. Reference lists from the retrieved publications were also examined. English language studies published in international peer-reviewed journals concerning the predictive value of cephalometric analysis for MAD treatment outcome were considered for inclusion. Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and ascertained the quality of the studies. Results Fifteen eligible studies were identified. Most of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric measurements examined were widely recognized as not prognostic for MAD treatment outcome; however, controversial and limited data were found on the predictive role of certain cephalometric measurements including cranial base angle, mandibular plane angle, hyoid to mandibular plane distance, posterior nasal spine to soft-palate tip distance, anterior nasal spine to epiglottis base distance, and tongue/oral cross sectional area ratio thus justifying additional studies on these parameters. Conclusions Currently available evidence is inadequate for identification of cephalometric parameters capable of reliably discriminating between poor and good responders to MAD treatment. To guide further research, methodological weaknesses of the currently available studies were highlighted and possible reasons for their discordant results were analyzed.
Decreased Integrity, Content, and Increased Transcript Level of Mitochondrial DNA Are Associated with Keratoconus

Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus (KC). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is involved in mitochondrial function, and the mtDNA content, integrity, and transcript level may affect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be involved in the pathogenesis of KC. We designed a case-control study to research the relationship between KC and mtDNA integrity, content and transcription. One-hundred ninety-eight KC corneas and 106 normal corneas from Chinese patients were studied. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the relative mtDNA content, transcript levels of mtDNA and related genes. Long-extension PCR was used to detect mtDNA damage. ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP were measured by respective assay kit, and Mito-Tracker Green was used to label the mitochondria. The relative mtDNA content of KC corneas was significantly lower than that of normal corneas (P = 9.19×10−24), possibly due to decreased expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) gene (P = 3.26×10−3). In contrast, the transcript levels of mtDNA genes were significantly increased in KC corneas compared with normal corneas (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [ND1]: P = 1.79×10−3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [COX1]: P = 1.54×10−3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, [ND6]: P = 4.62×10−3). The latter may be the result of increased expression levels of mtDNA transcription-related genes mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) (P = 2.55×10−4) and transcription factor B2 mitochondrial (TFB2M) (P = 7.88×10−5). KC corneas also had increased mtDNA damage (P = 3.63×10−10), higher ROS levels, and lower mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels compared with normal corneas. Decreased integrity, content and increased transcript level of mtDNA are associated with KC. These changes may affect the generation of ROS and play a role in the pathogenesis of KC.
Going Beyond the SHRM Paradigm: Examining Four Approaches to Governing Employees

Drawing from strategic human resource management and organizational theory, this article develops an integrated typology of employee governance. This typology is based on the dimensions of eliciting employees’ commitment to the organization (commitment-eliciting) and achieving employees’ compliance to rules (compliance-achieving), which yields four approaches to governing employees: disciplined governance, bonded governance, hybrid governance, and unstructured governance. Results from 337 firms show that the hybrid governance approach is linked with significantly higher organizational performance than alternative approaches in the Chinese context. In addition, both commitment-based practices and compliance-based practices are positively related to organizational performance, and their interaction produces additional positive effects.
Predicting Machine Translation Adequacy

As Machine Translation (MT) becomes more popular among end-users, an increasingly relevant issue is that of estimating the quality of automatic translations for a particular task. The main application for such quality estimates has been selecting good enough translations for human post-editing. The endusers, in this case, are fluent speakers of both source and target languages and the quality estimates reflect post-editing effort, for example, the time to post-edit a sentence. This paper focuses on quality estimation to address the challenging problem of making MT more reliable to a different type of end-user: those who cannot read the source language. We propose a number of indicators contrasting the source and translation texts to predict the adequacy of such translations at the sentence-level. Experiments with Arabic-English MT show that these indicators can yield improvements over previous work using general quality indicators based on source complexity and target fluency.
Simplified ganglioside composition of photoreceptors compared to other retinal neurons.

PURPOSE The quantitative and qualitative ganglioside composition of retinal photoreceptor cells is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the lipid, especially ganglioside, make-up of photoreceptors compared to other retinal cells. METHODS Retinas from adult normal rats were mechanically separated into outer (photoreceptors) and inner (other retinal neurons and glia) halves be planar vibratome sectioning. Total lipids were extracted, and each fraction (neural, phospholipids, and glycosphingolipids) was eluted sequentially by column chromatography and quantitated through high-performance thin layer chromatogram analysis. Similar analyses were performed on entire retinas from adult normal rats, adult dystrophic rats lacking photoreceptors (RCS-rdy-p+ strain), and isolated photoreceptor outer segments. RESULTS Whereas phospholipids were distributed equally between the two halves, inner retina contained significantly more cholesterol (68% total) and gangliosides (74% total) than outer retina on a unit protein basis. The distribution on a percent molar basis of specific gangliosides also was significantly different between the two halves: Outer retina was dominated by GD3 (45% total ganglioside) and contained only trace amounts (<4%) of complex species (GT1b and GQ1b); inner retina was more typical of mature brain tissue exhibiting substantial amounts (approximately 25%) of more complex species. These data were supported by lipid compositional analyses of mutant photoreceptor-less retina. However, isolated outer segments resembled whole retina in containing higher levels of complex gangliosides. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that, compared to other central nervous system-derived neurons, photoreceptor cell body membranes exhibit a highly unusual simplified ganglioside composition. Such an unusual neuronal lipid composition may reflect structural adaptations to their specialized function.
The Behavioral Equivalence of Organizational Culture

This paper presents findings from an extensive review of literature on organizational cultural (OC) and highlights the relevance of OC with respect to individual, organizational, intra-organizational, industry and external environment related variables. This paper presents a behavioral perspective on OC and contributes to its emerging dynamic aspect. A behavioral model of OC is suggested and propositions are drawn to explain the dynamics involved. [IIMA W.P. No. 2009-07-02].
A Neural Conversational Model

Conversational modeling is an important task in natural language understanding and machine intelligence. Although previous approaches exist, they are often restricted to specific domains (e.g., booking an airline ticket) and require hand-crafted rules. In this paper, we present a simple approach for this task which uses the recently proposed sequence to sequence framework. Our model converses by predicting the next sentence given the previous sentence or sentences in a conversation. The strength of our model is that it can be trained end-to-end and thus requires much fewer hand-crafted rules. We find that this straightforward model can generate simple conversations given a large conversational training dataset. Our preliminary results suggest that, despite optimizing the wrong objective function, the model is able to converse well. It is able extract knowledge from both a domain specific dataset, and from a large, noisy, and general domain dataset of movie subtitles. On a domain-specific IT helpdesk dataset, the model can find a solution to a technical problem via conversations. On a noisy open-domain movie transcript dataset, the model can perform simple forms of common sense reasoning. As expected, we also find that the lack of consistency is a common failure mode of our model.
Thoughts on text in context: Applying the think-aloud method to text processing

The application of the think-aloud method to the study of different text processing tasks is illustrated and discussed. Exploratory studies indicated that some stable general characteristics of think-aloud comment during reading could be found. These characteristics could be categorized reliably in different studies of the reading of various texts. The suggested categories were also sensitive enough to capture the effects of different instructions and texts. In later studies, think-aloud comments were used to illuminate conditional reasoning and Interpretation of words in context. The thinkaloud comments formed the basis for suggesting a descnptive model for the latter task. To conclude, it was found that the think-aloud method forced the consideration of a wide ränge of aspects in describing text processing. Whereas previous models have mainly focused on intratextual relationships and readers* prior knowledge, the new aspects include the use ofprior knowledge not only for comprehension but also for idea processing and criticism. The think-aloud method further Stresses the importance of considering evaluation and monitonng processes. In particular, readers have to decide how to continue their processing, once they have failed to comprehend. Finallyt the reconstruction of meaning adds a creative aspect t o the pure text processing. 0165-4888/88/0008-0327 $2.00 Text 8 (4) (1988), pp. 327-350 © Mouton de Gruyter