Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Crohn's disease in childhood

Metastatic Crohn’s disease (mCD) is a rare cutaneous manifestation of Crohn’s disease (CD). The diagnosis may be a challenge, especially when there is no history of intestinal CD. We present the case of a child with mCD, and review the published childhood cases. A 10–year–old white boy presented with a 2–month history of an erythematous infiltrated painless plaque on the mons pubis (Figure 1). The patient had a 5–year history of CD with duodenal and colorectal involvement. Previous treatment with mesalazine, azathioprine, and corticosteroids had resulted in insufficient disease control. In parallel to the onset of the skin lesion, gastrointestinal symptoms worsened. A skin biopsy of the plaque showed superficial and deep noncaseating granulomas rich in epithelioid histiocytes, Langhans type giant cells, and foreign body cells. There was a perivascular, periadnexal, and interstitial infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Superficial lymph vessels were dilated (Figure 2). Given that gastrointestinal symptoms were not responding to corticosteroids, infliximab 5 mg/kg bw was initiated. After the third infliximab infusion, a marked improvement of both gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms was noted. However, after seven months, the patient experienced a recurrence of cutaneous manifestations. He developed penile edema only partially responding to topical corticosteroids, and his gastrointestinal symptoms subsequently also deteriorated. The infliximab dose was increased (10 mg/kg bw) and then stopped after two infusions because of loss of response. Neither the presence of antidrug neutralizing antibodies nor infliximab serum levels could be tested. The patient subsequently entered a clinical trial with thalidomide. Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by segmental granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and frequently associated with extraintestinal manifestations. Skin and mucosal lesions are the most frequent, occurring in more than 40 % of patients. These include mCD, which is defined as granulomatous lesions occurring at sites separate from the gastrointestinal tract [1]. Metastatic CD often begins between the second and fourth decade of life. In children, mCD most frequently presents at the age of 10 to 14. In adults, metastatic CD usually occurs in the setting of well–documented intestinal disease. By contrast, in 50–86 % of pediatric cases, it precedes the diagnosis of CD [2, 3]. In general, CD takes a more aggressive course in children than in adults. There is
Observation of bifid mandibular canal using cone-beam computerized tomography.

PURPOSE Some variations of the mandibular canal (so-called bifid mandibular canal) have been reported using various radiography techniques; however, the occurrences of bifid mandibular canal were less than 1% according to panoramic radiographic surveys. The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify the rate and type of bifid mandibular canal in the mandibular ramus region, as observed using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-two patients who had undergone preoperative imaging of dental implant treatment using CBCT were enrolled in the investigation. Two-dimensional (2D) images of various planes in the mandibular ramus region were reconstructed on a computer using three-dimensional visualization and measurement software. The course of the mandibular canal was observed and the length of the bifid canal was measured. RESULTS Bifid mandibular canal in the mandibular ramus region was observed in 65% of patients and 43% of sides. Bifid mandibular canal can be classified into four types: retromolar, dental, forward, and buccolingual canals. CONCLUSION Bifid mandibular canal was observed at a high rate using CBCT.
Quantifying Fire Cycle from Dendroecological Records Using Survival Analyses

Quantifying fire regimes in the boreal forest ecosystem is crucial for understanding the past and present dynamics, as well as for predicting its future dynamics. Survival analyses have often been used to estimate the fire cycle in eastern Canada because they make it possible to take into account the censored information that is made prevalent by the typically long fire return intervals and the limited scope of the dendroecological methods that are used to quantify them. Here, we assess how the true length of the fire cycle, the short-term temporal variations in fire activity, and the sampling effort affect the accuracy and precision of estimates obtained from two types of parametric survival models, the Weibull and the exponential models, and one non-parametric model obtained with the Cox regression. Then, we apply those results in a case area located in eastern Canada. Our simulation experiment confirms some documented concerns regarding the detrimental effects of temporal variations in fire activity on parametric estimation of the fire cycle. Cox regressions appear to provide the most accurate and robust estimator, being by far the least affected by temporal variations in fire activity. The Cox-based estimate of the fire cycle for the last 300 years in the case study area is 229 years (CI95: 162–407), compared with the likely overestimated 319 years obtained with the commonly used exponential model.
Psychometric Properties of the Young Mania Rating Scale for the Identification of Mania Symptoms in Spanish Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Diagnosing mania in children is difficult, due to the high comorbidity and symptom overlap with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The detection of manic symptoms in ADHD has important implications for prognosis and choice of treatment. Our objective was to study the utility of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for discriminating mania in Spanish children with ADHD. Method: One hundred children and adolescents with ADHD between 8 and 17 years of age were evaluated with a structured diagnostic interview (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-IV), the YMRS, the Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS), the Child Mania Rating Scale-Parent Version (CMRS-P) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale. Results: The YMRS showed a 1-dimensional structure with good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The YMRS was associated with the P-YMRS and the CMRS-P. The scores obtained with the YMRS differentiated between ADHD with and without mania. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good diagnostic efficiency in differentiating mania in ADHD (area under the curve of 0.90). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the YMRS is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting and quantifying the symptoms of mania in children and adolescents with ADHD. The results provide further knowledge about the frequent association between ADHD and manic symptoms in children.
Rank-one Projections with Adaptive Margins for Face Recognition

In supervised dimensionality reduction, tensor representations of images have recently been employed to enhance classification of high-dimensional data with small training sets. To handle tensor data, this approach has been formulated with tight restrictions on projection directions that, along with convergence issues and the assumption of Gaussian distributed class data, limits its face recognition performance. To overcome these problems, we propose a method of rank-one projections with adaptive margins (RPAM) that gives a provably convergent solution for tensor data over a more general class of projections, while accounting for margins between samples of different classes. In contrast to previous margin based works which determine margin sample pairs within the original high dimensional space, RPAM instead aims to maximize the margins defined in the expected lower dimensional feature subspace by progressive margin refinement after each rank-one projection. In addition to handling tensor data, vector-based variants of RPAM are presented for linear mappings and for nonlinear mappings using kernel tricks. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that RPAM brings significant improvement in face recognition over previous subspace learning techniques.
Detection of Airborne Stachybotrys chartarum Macrocyclic Trichothecene Mycotoxins on Particulates Smaller than Conidia

ABSTRACT Highly respirable particles (diameter, <1 μm) constitute the majority of particulate matter found in indoor air. It is hypothesized that these particles serve as carriers for toxic compounds, specifically the compounds produced by molds in water-damaged buildings. The presence of airborne Stachybotrys chartarum trichothecene mycotoxins on particles smaller than conidia (e.g., fungal fragments) was therefore investigated. Cellulose ceiling tiles with confluent Stachybotrys growth were placed in gas-drying containers through which filtered air was passed. Exiting particulates were collected by using a series of polycarbonate membrane filters with decreasing pore sizes. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the presence of conidia on the filters. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for macrocyclic trichothecenes was used to analyze filter extracts. Cross-reactivity to various mycotoxins was examined to confirm the specificity. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) ELISA binding was observed primarily for macrocyclic trichothecenes at concentrations of 50 and 5 ng/ml and 500 pg/ml (58.4 to 83.5% inhibition). Of the remaining toxins tested, only verrucarol and diacetylverrucarol (nonmacrocyclic trichothecenes) demonstrated significant binding (18.2 and 51.7% inhibition, respectively) and then only at high concentrations. The results showed that extracts from conidium-free filters demonstrated statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibody binding that increased with sampling time (38.4 to 71.9% inhibition, representing a range of 0.5 to 4.0 ng/ml). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested the presence of satratoxin H in conidium-free filter extracts. These data show that S. chartarum trichothecene mycotoxins can become airborne in association with intact conidia or smaller particles. These findings may have important implications for indoor air quality assessment.
Rainfall, run‐off, and sediment transport dynamics in a humid mountain badland area: Long‐term results from a small catchment

In this study, we investigated rainfall, run‐off, and sediment transport dynamics (414 run‐off events and 231 events with sediment information) of a humid mountain badland area—the Araguás catchment (Central Pyrenees, Spain)—from October 2005 to September 2016. Use of this long‐term database allows characterization of the hydrological response, which consist of low‐magnitude/high‐frequency events and high‐magnitude/low‐frequency events, and identification of seasonal dynamics and rainfall‐run‐off thresholds. Our results indicate that the Araguás catchment, similarly to other humid badlands, had high hydrological responsiveness (mean annual run‐off coefficient: 0.52), a non‐linear relationship of rainfall with run‐off (common in Mediterranean environments), and seasonal hydrological and sedimentological dynamics. We created and validated a multivariate regression model to characterize the hydrological variables (stormflow and peak discharge) and sedimentological variables (mean and maximum suspended sediment concentrations and total suspended sediment load). In summer and at the beginning of autumn, the response was mainly related to rainfall intensity, suggesting a predomination of Hortonian flows. In contrast, in spring and winter, the responses were mainly related to the antecedent conditions (previous rainfall and baseflow), suggesting the occurrence of saturated excess flow processes, and the contribution of neighbouring vegetated areas. The multivariate analysis also showed that total sediment load is better predicted by a multivariate regression model that integrates pre‐event, rainfall, and run‐off variables. In general, our models provided more accurate predictions of small‐magnitude/high‐frequency events than high‐magnitude/low‐frequency events. This study highlights the high inter‐ and intra‐annual variability response in humid badland areas and that long‐term records are needed to reduce the uncertainty of hydrological and sedimentological responses in Mediterranean badland areas.
Perception of Academicians towards Quality of Public Service Marketing in Pokhara

This study mainly focuses on understanding user perception and experiences towards quality of public service marketing on delivery by using the five service delivery dimensions: accessibility, cost, time, barrier and behavior. The research methodology comprises descriptive research design followed by stratified simple random sampling for permanent academic faculty members under multi stage sampling from one constitute and four affiliated college. The primary sources of data were collected through semi structure questionnaire method. Reliability and validity were tested. The study reveals that overall qualities of public service delivery dimension are moderate. The academicians were satisfied with the quality of public service delivery in Pokhara but perception was not as expected. However, the qualitative result depicted that there were major challenges in service delivery such as problem from staff, risk after payment of fees and extra efforts for completing lengthy service. In addition, environmental situation, employees’ attitude, intermediaries, and Afno Manche (known person), salary level and political interventions cause changes in behavior during public service delivery. So, public service institutions should give due attention to such issues to improve quality of service delivery. Even though there is no specific model to measure the quality of public service delivery in Nepalese context therefore, a CAT-Behavior model is recommended for measuring the quality of public service delivery in Nepalese context and it could be beneficial from different perspective.
OT-1 mice display minimal upper genital tract pathology following primary intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum infection

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide and leads to serious pathological sequelae in the upper genital tract (UGT) including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Several components of the host immune responses have been shown to contribute to the UGT pathology following genital chlamydial infection. We have shown recently that CD8 + T cells induce the chlamydial UGT pathology via the production of TNF-α. However, those studies did not determine whether the pathology is mediated by bystander or antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. In this study, we compared chlamydial clearance and UGT pathology in OT-1 transgenic mice and the corresponding C57BL/6J wild-type mice following primary intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum infection. All CD8 + T cells in the OT-1 mice respond only to the Ova 257-264 peptide and are incapable of responding to other antigenic epitopes including those of Chlamydia . OT-1 mice displayed vaginal chlamydial clearance comparable to the wild-type animals. However, both oviduct and uterine horn pathology were minimal in the OT-1 mice compared with the high degree of pathology observed in the wild-type animals. These results strongly suggest that Chlamydia -specific, not bystander, CD8 + T cells mediate the UGT pathological sequelae following genital chlamydial infection.
Evaluation of Serum Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A & Plasma D-Dimer in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a spectrum comprising unstable angina pectoris, ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) & Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) is the major cause of presentation in Emergency Department today. Though ECG and cardiac enzymes are used for diagnosis, they mislead the diagnosis sometimes and delay in treatment initiation. This leads us to search certain new parameters which reflect the pathophysiology of ACS. Markers of plaque stability like Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A and D-Dimer, a marker of ongoing thrombosis are found to be better markers in early diagnosis. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic competence of PAPP-A and D-Dimer in acute coronary syndrome over CK-MB and to compare with the inflammatory marker High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) which is associated with atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients presenting with acute onset of chest pain to Emergency Department with or without ECG changes served as cases and 50 healthy people served as controls. Serum PAPP-A is measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), D-Dimer and hs-CRP by using Latex Turbidimetry method. RESULTS A statistical significant difference of PAPP-A and D-Dimer was noted between the ACS and controls (p < 0.001) whereas CK-MB shows no much difference (p 0.09). Statistically significant positive correlation is noted between parameters. CONCLUSION PAPP-A marker of plaque instability and D-Dimer marker of ongoing thrombosis are raised in acute coronary syndrome and thus can be considered as one of the marker in ACS for diagnosis.
Combining resources to improve unsupervised sentiment analysis at aspect-level

Every day more companies are interested in users’ opinions about their products or services. Also, every day there are more users that search for reviews on the web before purchasing a product. These users and companies are not satisfied with knowing the overall sentiment of a product, they want a finer knowledge of users’ opinions. Owing to this fact, more and more researchers are working on sentiment analysis at aspect-level. This paper describes an unsupervised approach for aspect-based sentiment analysis, which aims to identify the aspects of given target entities and the sentiment expressed for each aspect. We have evaluated several tasks, although perhaps the major novelty is in the classification of the aspects. We employ a lexicon-based method combining different linguistic resources and we conclude that the combination of several classifiers improves the classification significantly. In addition, a comparison with a supervised system is performed in order to determine the strengths and weakness of each of them.
Arsenic-Associated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Immune Disruption in Human Placenta and Cord Blood

Background Arsenic (As) exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and increases the risk of fetal loss and low birth weight. Objectives In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of As exposure on immune markers in the placenta and cord blood, and the involvement of oxidative stress. Methods Pregnant women were enrolled around gestational week (GW) 8 in our longitudinal, population-based, mother–child cohort in Matlab, an area in rural Bangladesh with large variations in As concentrations in well water. Women (n = 130) delivering at local clinics were included in the present study. We collected maternal urine twice during pregnancy (GW8 and GW30) for measurements of As, and placenta and cord blood at delivery for assessment of immune and inflammatory markers. Placental markers were measured by immunohistochemistry, and cord blood cytokines by multiplex cytokine assay. Results In multivariable adjusted models, maternal urinary As (U-As) exposure both at GW8 and at GW30 was significantly positively associated with placental markers of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); U-As at GW8, with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ); and U-As at GW30, with leptin; U-As at GW8 was inversely associated with CD3+ T cells in the placenta. Cord blood cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα) showed a U-shaped association with U-As at GW30. Placental 8-oxoG was significantly positively associated with placental proinflammatory cytokines. Multivariable adjusted analyses suggested that enhanced placental cytokine expression (TNFα and IFNγ) was primarily influenced by oxidative stress, whereas leptin expression appeared to be mostly mediated by As, and IL-1β appeared to be influenced by both oxidative stress and As. Conclusion As exposure during pregnancy appeared to enhance placental inflammatory responses (in part by increasing oxidative stress), reduce placental T cells, and alter cord blood cytokines. These findings suggest that effects of As on immune function may contribute to impaired fetal and infant health.
Contour modeling of prosodic and acoustic features for speaker recognition

In this paper we use acoustic and prosodic features jointly in a long-temporal lexical context for automatic speaker recognition from speech. The contours of pitch, energy and cepstral coefficients are continuously modeled over the time span of a syllable to capture the speaking style on phonetic level. As these features are affected by session variability, established channel compensation techniques are examined. Results for the combination of different features on a syllable-level as well as for channel compensation are presented for the NIST SRE 2006 speaker identification task. To show the complementary character of the features, the proposed system is fused with an acoustic short-time system, leading to a relative improvement of 10.4%.
NEAR-IR POLARIZED SCATTERED LIGHT IMAGERY OF THE DoAr 28 TRANSITIONAL DISK

We present the first spatially resolved polarized scattered light H-band detection of the DoAr 28 transitional disk. Our two epochs of imagery detect the scattered light disk from our effective inner working angle of 0. ″10 (13 AU) out to 0. ″50 (65 AU). This inner working angle is interior to the location of the system’s gap inferred by previous studies using spectral energy distribution modeling (15 AU). We detected a candidate point source companion 1. ″08 northwest of the system; however, our second epoch of imagery strongly suggests that this object is a background star. We constructed a grid of Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer models of the system, and our best fit models utilize a modestly inclined (50°), 0.01 M ⊙ ? > disk that has a partially depleted inner gap from the dust sublimation radius out to ∼8 AU. Subtracting this best fit, axi-symmetric model from our polarized intensity data reveals evidence for two small asymmetries in the disk, which could be attributable to a variety of mechanisms.
Review article: Emergency department models of care in the context of care quality and cost: A systematic review

To identify current ED models of care and their impact on care quality, care effectiveness, and cost. A systematic search of key health databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMbase) was conducted to identify literature on ED models of care. Additionally, a focused review of the contents of 11 international and national emergency medicine, nursing and health economic journals (published between 2010 and 2013) was undertaken with snowball identification of references of the most recent and relevant papers. Articles published between 1998 and 2013 in the English language were included for initial review by three of the authors. Studies in underdeveloped countries and not addressing the objectives of the present study were excluded. Relevant details were extracted from the retrieved literature, and analysed for relevance and impact. The literature was synthesised around the study's main themes. Models described within the literature mainly focused on addressing issues at the input, throughput or output stages of ED care delivery. Models often varied to account for site specific characteristics (e.g. onsite inpatient units) or to suit staffing profiles (e.g. extended scope physiotherapist), ED geographical location (e.g. metropolitan or rural site), and patient demographic profile (e.g. paediatrics, older persons, ethnicity). Only a few studies conducted cost‐effectiveness analysis of service models. Although various models of delivering emergency healthcare exist, further research is required in order to make accurate and reliable assessments of their safety, clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness.