Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MULTISCALE MODEL OF CRISPR-INDUCED COEVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS: DIVERSIFICATION AT THE INTERFACE OF LAMARCK AND DARWIN

The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system is a recently discovered type of adaptive immune defense in bacteria and archaea that functions via directed incorporation of viral and plasmid DNA into host genomes. Here, we introduce a multiscale model of dynamic coevolution between hosts and viruses in an ecological context that incorporates CRISPR immunity principles. We analyze the model to test whether and how CRISPR immunity induces host and viral diversification and the maintenance of many coexisting strains. We show that hosts and viruses coevolve to form highly diverse communities. We observe the punctuated replacement of existent strains, such that populations have very low similarity compared over the long term. However, in the short term, we observe evolutionary dynamics consistent with both incomplete selective sweeps of novel strains (as single strains and coalitions) and the recurrence of previously rare strains. Coalitions of multiple dominant host strains are predicted to arise because host strains can have nearly identical immune phenotypes mediated by CRISPR defense albeit with different genotypes. We close by discussing how our explicit eco‐evolutionary model of CRISPR immunity can help guide efforts to understand the drivers of diversity seen in microbial communities where CRISPR systems are active.
An effective, simple tempo estimation method based on self-similarity and regularity

Tempo estimation is a fundamental problem in music information retrieval. It also forms the basis of other types of rhythmic analysis such as beat tracking and pattern detection. There is a large body of work in tempo estimation using a variety of different approaches that differ in their accuracy as well as their complexity. Fundamentally they take advantage of two properties of musical rhythm: 1) the music signal tends to be self-similar at periodicities related to the underlying rhythmic structure, 2) rhythmic events tend to be spaced regularly in time. We propose an algorithm for tempo estimation that is based on these two properties. We have tried to reduce the number of steps, parameters and modeling assumptions while retaining good performance and causality. The proposed approach outperforms a large number of existing tempo estimation methods and has similar performance to the best-performing ones. We believe that we have conducted the most comprehensive evaluation to date of tempo induction algorithms in terms of number of datasets and tracks.
Does Self-Monitoring Affect The Relationship Between Job Insecurity and Impression Management?

Previous studies found inconsistent results on the relationship between job insecurity and impression management. This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of self-monitoring on the relationship between job insecurity and impression management. Drawing on the job adaptation and self-monitoring theories, we expected that the relationship between job insecurity and impression management will be stronger for individuals with a high level of self-monitoring than for individuals with low level of selfmonitoring. Data were collected among employees from various organizations in Jakarta (N = 281). We analyzed the data using Hayes’ PROCESS macro on SPSS v.21. Results indicated that there was a significant positive effect of job insecurity and impression management (B = 0.20, SE = 0.069, p < 0.01, 95%CI = [0.0681, 0.3393], wherein individuals who feel insecure about their employment in the organization tend to show positive behaviors to impress others. However, there was no moderating effect of self-monitoring on the relationship between job insecurity and impression management (B = 0.04, SE = 0.125, p > 0.05, 95% CI [-0.2062, 0.2870]), indicating that regardless of their self-monitoring capability, individuals who feel insecure about their employment in the organization would show behaviors that impress others. For practical implications, we suggest managers be aware of employees who show impression management but may not perform well. On the other hand, performing impression management may also reduce employees' perception of job insecurity and increase organizational image outside the organization.
Comparison of AODV and DSR on-demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks

The mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) technology is a self organized wireless interconnection of communication devices without the use of any fixed network infrastructure/backbone. The performance of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol are two MANET protocol. This paper presents the performance analysis comparison of adhoc on-demand routing protocol (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) under different performance metrics like throughput, packet drop rate and end-to-end delay. The simulation result shows that throughput of AODV protocol is better than DSR protocol as the nodes are increasing/adding to network. Packet drop rate and end-to-end delay of AODV protocol is less than DSR protocol as the nodes are increasing. Efficiency achieved by the AODV protocol is higher than DSR protocol in mobile ad hoc networks. The simulation is done in Network Simulator (NS) 2.
Nicholas Holm, Humour as Politics: The Political Aesthetics of Contemporary Comedy

Genocide is the most heinous of crimes and complacently, we like to think that the unalloyed denunciation of it helps to define and reinforce the moral, ethical and political values upon which post-war Western civilisation has been built. Responses to genocide in the West tend in various ways to belie this widespread self-conception. That is why, in this important book, David Patrick begins from the simple premise ‘that the overall response to genocide in the late twentieth century was not consistent with the by-then established Western commitment to the protection of human rights’ (p. 7). His focus throughout the book is on how such atrocities are represented and framed by the press, and he concentrates on three historical examples – the Holocaust, Bosnia and Rwanda – with three major chapters devoted to each of them. The first of these deals with both the general immediate response to the liberation of the Nazi camps in the spring of 1945, and the gradual but increasing recognition of the scale and significance of the Holocaust over the course of the 20th century. The two succeeding chapters, on the Anglo-American response to the crisis in the Balkans (1992–1995) and the Rwandan genocide (1994), utilise a 114-day sample and employ both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The eight newspapers selected for analysis cover the quality end of the newspaper market in the United Kingdom and United States, and so are generally regarded as reliable sources of international news. The study shows that both the Rwandan and Bosnian genocides were of minimal interest to Western media, and where they were reported, they were misrepresented and misunderstood. Furthermore, while the scale of violence in Rwanda was quantitatively higher than in Bosnia, it received much less coverage, partly because of geographical distance and partly because of ethnicity (White victims are more likely to receive coverage than Black victims). Overall, Patrick’s research demonstrates how both tragedies were reduced to stereotypes. This raises the inevitable question as to whether relative indifference and stereotypicality will characterise press coverage of genocidal violence in the future. On the basis of Patrick’s meticulous, detailed and sophisticated research, the prognosis looks bad, and we can expect further desensitisation towards mass human suffering, though of course the laudable purpose of his study is to address how responses to genocide can be improved. The book should be widely read by journalists, politicians and policy makers as well as by media scholars.
COSMOS: the dialysis scenario of CKD-MBD in Europe.

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are important complications of CKD5D patients that are associated with mortality. METHODS COSMOS is a multicentre, open cohort, prospective, observational 3-year study carried out in haemodialysis patients from 20 European countries during 2005-07. The present article describes the main characteristics of the European dialysis population, the current practice for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the differences across different European regions. RESULTS The haemodialysis population in Europe is an aged population (mean age 64.8±14.2 years) with a high prevalence of diabetes (29.5%) and cardiovascular disease (76.0%), and 28.7% of patients have been on haemodialysis more than 5 years. Patients from the former Eastern countries are younger (59.3±14.3 versus 66.0±13.9), having a lower proportion of diabetics (24.1 versus 30.7%). There were relevant differences in the frequency of measurement of the main CKD-MBD biochemical parameters [Ca, P and parathyroid hormone (PTH)] and the Eastern countries showed a poorer control of these biochemical parameters (K/DOQI and K/DIGO targets). Overall, 48.0% of the haemodialysis patients received active vitamin D treatment. Calcitriol use doubled that of alfacalcidiol in the Mediterranean countries, whereas the opposite was found in the non-Mediterranean countries. The criteria followed to perform parathyroidectomy were different across Europe. In the Mediterranean countries, the level of serum PTH considered to perform parathyroidectomy was higher than in non-Mediterranean countries; as a result, in the latter, more parathyroidectomies were performed in the year previous to inclusion to COSMOS. CONCLUSIONS The COSMOS baseline results show important differences across Europe in the management of CKD-MBD.
On the variation of the initial mass function

A universal initial mass function (IMF) is not intuitive, but so far no convincing evidence for a variable IMF exists. The detection of systematic variations of the IMF with star-forming conditions would be the Rosetta Stone for star formation. In this contribution an average or Galactic-field IMF is defined, stressing that there is evidence for a change in the power-law index at only two masses: near 0.5 M⊙ and near 0.08 M⊙. Using this supposed universal IMF, the uncertainty inherent in any observational estimate of the IMF is investigated by studying the scatter introduced by Poisson noise and the dynamical evolution of star clusters. It is found that this apparent scatter reproduces quite well the observed scatter in power-law index determinations, thus defining the fundamental limit within which any true variation becomes undetectable. The absence of evidence for a variable IMF means that any true variation of the IMF in well-studied populations must be smaller than this scatter. Determinations of the power-law indices α are subject to systematic errors arising mostly from unresolved binaries. The systematic bias is quantified here, with the result that the single-star IMFs for young star clusters are systematically steeper by Δα≈0.5 between 0.1 and 1 M⊙ than the Galactic-field IMF, which is populated by, on average, about 5-Gyr-old stars. The MFs in globular clusters appear to be, on average, systematically flatter than the Galactic-field IMF (Piotto & Zoccali; Paresce & De Marchi), and the recent detection of ancient white-dwarf candidates in the Galactic halo and the absence of associated low-mass stars (Ibata et al.; Mendez & Minniti) suggest a radically different IMF for this ancient population. Star formation in higher metallicity environments thus appears to produce relatively more low-mass stars. While still tentative, this is an interesting trend, being consistent with a systematic variation of the IMF as expected from theoretical arguments.
Is Multivariate Analysis of PET Data More Revealing Than the Univariate Approach? Evidence from a Study of Episodic Memory Retrieval

In a functional imaging study of cued paired associate retrieval, in which the strength of association between pair members was systematically varied, we predicted increased right frontal activity as a function of weakening semantic linkage. An initial univariate analysis found the opposite effect, with greater right frontal activity during recall of strongly linked paired associates. This unexpected result led us to perform a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), an approach which proved more informative. This analysis showed that the most significant source of task-related variance was accounted for by a nonlinear relationship not predicted by the prior hypothesis and not revealed by the standard univariate approach. This application of the MANCOVA supports the assertion that multivariate analysis can provide an important adjunct to univariate approaches like statistical parametric mapping (SPM). New perspectives engendered by the MANCOVA still allow for statistical inference but are not constrained by explicit hypotheses about specific task-dependent effects.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SELF- REGULATED LEARNING WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF WEST MAZANDARAN PROVINCE

The objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between personality traits and self-regulated learning with academic performance of students in Islamic Azad University of west Mazandaran province (Iran). Statistical population of the study includes all undergraduate students in Islamic Azad University of west Mazandaran province that are 16,686 students. The sample size was 375 students which was determined with the reference to the table of Krejcie and Morgan. Sampling was conducted by stratified random. Tools used to collect data included questionnaire of self-regulated learning by Zimmerman and Pons (2000), questionnaire of personality traits and scale of academic performance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. In inferential statistic, multiple regression analysis (stepwise model) and the Pearson correlation were used to assess hypotheses. The research findings showed that: - There is positive significant relationship between personality traits, self-regulated learning with academic performance of students in Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province. - There is positive significant relationship between personality traits and academic performance of students.
Accrual management to meet earnings targets: UK evidence pre- and post-Cadbury

Abstract Central to both the Cadbury Committee’s initial remit and its subsequent recommendations is the view that director integrity and board effectiveness play key roles in ensuring the quality and reliability of published financial statements. Using a constant sample, this paper tests whether the association between board composition and earnings management activity differs between the pre- and post-Cadbury periods. Earnings management is measured by the use of income-increasing abnormal accruals when unmanaged earnings undershoot target earnings. Results provide evidence of accrual management to meet earnings targets in both periods. However, while we find no evidence of an association between the degree of accrual management and the composition of the board of directors in the pre-Cadbury period, results for the post-Cadbury period indicate less income-increasing accrual management to avoid earnings losses or earnings declines when the proportion of non-executive directors is high. These results are consistent with the view that appropriately structured boards are discharging their financial reporting duties more effectively post-Cadbury.
SH4-domain-induced plasma membrane dynamization promotes bleb-associated cell motility

SH4 domains provide bipartite membrane-targeting signals for oncogenic Src family kinases. Here we report the induction of non-apoptotic plasma membrane (PM) blebbing as a novel and conserved activity of SH4 domains derived from the prototypic Src kinases Src, Fyn, Yes and Lck as well as the HASPB protein of Leishmania parasites. SH4-domain-induced blebbing is highly dynamic, with bleb formation and collapse displaying distinct kinetics. These reorganizations of the PM are controlled by Rho but not Rac or Cdc42 GTPase signalling pathways. SH4-induced membrane blebbing requires the membrane association of the SH4 domain, is regulated by the activities of Rock kinase and myosin II ATPase, and depends on the integrity of F-actin as well as microtubules. Endogenous Src kinase activity is crucial for PM blebbing in SH4-domain-expressing cells, active Src and Rock kinases are enriched in SH4-domain-induced PM blebs, and PM blebbing correlates with enhanced cell invasion in 3D matrices. These results establish a novel link between SH4 domains, Src activity and Rho signalling, and implicate SH4-domain-mediated PM dynamization as a mechanism that influences invasiveness of cells transformed by SH4-domain-containing oncoproteins.
The Effect of Iron Deficiency on Intelligence Quotient in Eight - to Eleven-Year-Old Students of Zanjan, Iran

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient defeciencies in the world. Iron plays an important role in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to identify the association of iron deficiency with IQ level of students. Methods: In this case control study, 289 randomly selected students aged eight to eleven years old were tested for iron, TIBC, Hb, and RBC indices. Iron deficient patients were referred to a psychologist to determine their IQ level with the Raven test. The IQ level of children with Iron deficiency was compared with a normal student randomly chosen and matched by age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Results: Sixty patients had a Fe/TIBC ratio of less than 15%. The frequency of iron deficiency was 20.7%. There was no significant differences in the frequency of iron deficiency between males and females. A significant difference was not found in the IQ level between cases and controls. Conclusions: The IQ of cases and controls did not differ significantly. It seems that there was still controversies regarding the effects of IQ and iron deficiency.
Psychophysical Estimates of Frequency Discrimination: More than Just Limitations of Auditory Processing

Efficient auditory processing is hypothesized to support language and literacy development. However, behavioral tasks used to assess this hypothesis need to be robust to non-auditory specific individual differences. This study compared frequency discrimination abilities in a heterogeneous sample of adults using two different psychoacoustic task designs, referred to here as: 2I_6A_X and 3I_2AFC designs. The role of individual differences in nonverbal IQ (NVIQ), socioeconomic status (SES) and musical experience in predicting frequency discrimination thresholds on each task were assessed using multiple regression analyses. The 2I_6A_X task was more cognitively demanding and hence more susceptible to differences specifically in SES and musical training. Performance on this task did not, however, relate to nonword repetition ability (a measure of language learning capacity). The 3I_2AFC task, by contrast, was only susceptible to musical training. Moreover, thresholds measured using it predicted some variance in nonword repetition performance. This design thus seems suitable for use in studies addressing questions regarding the role of auditory processing in supporting language and literacy development.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Langsung Berbasis Praktikum Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

This study aims to determine the effect of practicum-based direct learning model on science process skills and students' critical thinking skills. This study is a quasi-experimental research with the Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The sampling technique using Cluster Random Sampling. The sample in this study were students of class XI IPA 1 (18 students) as the experimental class and class XI IPA 2 (18 students) as the control class in AL-Hamzar High School Tembeng Putik. The research instruments used were learning implementation observation sheets, the science process skills observation sheets, and learning achievements tests. The data obtained were analyzed using the t test with the help of SPSS 16. The results of data analysis showed that the implementation of learning in the first meeting reached 81% and the second meeting 96% with a very good category. The students’ science process skills in both classes show that students' science process skills varies. The students’ critical thinking ability in the experimental class was higher than the control class. The results of pretest data analysis showed that students' critical thinking ability in the experimental class was 35.5 while the control class was 49.5. Students' critical thinking ability in post-test increased in the experimental class to 73.5 while the control class was 58.6. The results of the t-test show that tcount > ttable (3.45 > 2.04) so it can be concluded that the practicum-based direct learning model was affect toward students' science process skills and critical thinking ability.
Detection and Extraction of Road Traffic Signs

The real-time road traffic sign recognition focused on the application of computer vision techniques in automatic detection and classification of video images of traffic signs placed on roadways acquired from moving vehicles. In this work, we present results of an attempt to locating traffic signs placed on local roadways based on image processing techniques. The developed algorithm is based on two basic processing stages; localization and extraction of the traffic signs. The algorithm takes a raster image of a background scene with a traffic sign as the input and extracts the sign as the output. The preliminary work shows high performance in the extraction of traffic signs with warning messages on local roads. The algorithm was tested for a variety of images and showed 98% accuracy in locating and extracting traffic signs.
Heterogeneous Gain Learning and Long Swings in Asset Prices

This paper considers the impact of heterogeneous gain learning in an asset pricing model. A relatively stylized model is shown to generate persistent swings of asset prices from their fundamental values which replicates long range samples of U.S financial data. The detailed mechanisms of the learning models are then explored. Evidence suggests that agents' perceptions of risk and its dynamics and persistence are important in generating appropriate price/fundamental dynamics. Agents putting large amounts of weight on the recent past in their volatility models control a large fraction of wealth, and are important in perpetuating the volatility magnifying dynamics of the market.
Clustering of preference criteria

Learning preferences is a useful task in application fields such as collaborative filtering, information retrieval, adaptive assistants or analysis of sensory data provided by panels. From training sets of preference judgments, using SVM, it is possible to induce ranking functions that map vectors representing objects into real numbers. In this paper we present a new algorithm to build clusters of people with closely related tastes, and hence people whose preference judgment sets can be merged in order to learn more reliable ranking functions. The key insight is that these functions can be used to guide the clustering, since they codify the rationale for the preferences gathered in training sets. Experimental results using the EachMovie database illustrate the satisfactory performance of our approach.
Lubell mass and induced partially ordered sets

We prove that for every partially ordered set $P$, there exists $c(P)$ such that every family $\mathcal{F}$ of subsets of $[n]$ ordered by inclusion and which contains no induced copy of $P$ satisfies $\sum_{F\in \mathcal{F}}1/{n\choose |F|}\leq c(P)$. This confirms a conjecture of Lu and Milans.