Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Membrane Protein FhaC: A Member of the Omp85-TpsB Transporter Superfamily

In Gram-negative bacteria and eukaryotic organelles, β-barrel proteins of the outer membrane protein 85–two-partner secretion B (Omp85-TpsB) superfamily are essential components of protein transport machineries. The TpsB transporter FhaC mediates the secretion of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). We report the 3.15 Å crystal structure of FhaC. The transporter comprises a 16-stranded β barrel that is occluded by an N-terminal α helix and an extracellular loop and a periplasmic module composed of two aligned polypeptide-transport–associated (POTRA) domains. Functional data reveal that FHA binds to the POTRA 1 domain via its N-terminal domain and likely translocates the adhesin-repeated motifs in an extended hairpin conformation, with folding occurring at the cell surface. General features of the mechanism obtained here are likely to apply throughout the superfamily.
A Classification System for the Data of Personality Psychology and Adjoining Fields

Classes of data are often distinguished according to whether the person produces them, as is the case with self-report data or according to the type of test that produces them, for example, ability or personality tests. In a new classification system, data about personality are first divided according to whether they originate outside of the personality system (external source data) or inside it (personal report data). Personal report data are divided into life, world, self, and process report data. Data are further subdivided by the mental processes that produce each type (convergent thinking, divergent thinking, etc.) and then are connected to the measurement procedures that elicit the specific type. The new classification regularizes terminology and encourages new ways to think about data.
THE HUMAN LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX AND REPRESENTATIONS OF MOTIVATIONAL CONTEXT FOR ACTION: BASIC FINDINGS AND RELEVANCE FOR PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is known to play a critical role in goal-directed behavior. However, it is still unknown whether the OFC contribution to guiding behavior is through top-down control of inappropriate responses or through providing a motivational context by representing potential outcomes. This dilemma stems from the fact that research to date has not been able to clearly distinguish the effects of changes in motivational states from associated adjustments in cognitive control. In order to answer this question, two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, simultaneously and independently manipulated demands for inhibitory control and monetary incentives for correct performance. Across experiments, demands for control only engaged the OFC when they also increased the likelihood of a negative outcome, in the form of increased error rates. In contrast to these effects of control, expected outcomes modulated the OFC activity irrespective of whether the demands for control were high or low. Moreover, the lateral areas of the OFC were maximally engaged during expectation of negative outcomes. Thus, we provided convergent evidence that the OFC is specifically involved in establishing the motivational context of behavior through representation of possible outcomes. Furthermore, the nature of outcome representations in these two experiments have potential implications for existing theories of decision making, by providing evidence that the OFCiiirepresentations of potential outcomes are influenced the whole range of possible alternative outcomes. In a third fMRI experiment, the framework laid out by the first two studies was applied in the analysis of data investigating the neural substrates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Compared to control subjects, the OFC of patients showed increased activity in response to stimuli associated with relatively increased potential for negative outcomes, despite the fact that those stimuli were not directly relevant to obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. These findings suggest that the OFC hyperactivity in OCD may reflect an underlying neural dysfunction, and are consistent with the phenomenology of this disease, in which excessive concerns for potential negative outcomes of actions are a prominent feature of symptomatology.
Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship between Negative Affectivity and Problematic Alcohol Use

The mechanisms that underlie how negative affective traits influence problematic alcohol use and attentional biases are not well understood. The current article sought to characterize mechanisms that drive problematic alcohol use and attentional biases. Three undergraduate student studies were conducted (n = 510, 429, and 38). Negative urgency partially mediated the effects of negative affectivity (B for indirect effect = .119, CI = .09 – .16) and affect lability (B for indirect effect = .928, CI = .47 – 1.45) on problematic alcohol use. Activation level of hostility predicted increased variance in problematic alcohol consumption (R2 change = .01, β = .16, p = .02) above trait valence. Negative urgency predicted alcohol attentional biases over and above valence and activation (β = 2.23, p = .05). Negative urgency is a prime mechanism by which negative affective traits influence problematic alcohol consumption.
Intellectuals’ Political Orientations: Toward an Analytical Sociology

This article surveys the field of the sociology of intellectuals, and calls for a move toward an analytical sociology. The topics covered include the definitions of intellectuals, the debates on whether intellectuals constitute a universal class, and the role of intellectuals in the society, in particular intellectuals’ involvement in politics. The article then moves on to the literature on intellectuals’ political consciousness, and makes a call for a shift from a moralistic mission to an analytical approach, while suggesting a shift of the intellectual from an “independent variable” to a “dependent variable. ”
ACG Practice Guidelines: Esophageal Reflux Testing

Investigations and technical advances have enhanced our understanding and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The recognition of the prevalence and importance of patients with endoscopy-negative reflux disease as well as those refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy have led to an increasing need for objective tests of esophageal reflux. Guidelines for esophageal reflux testing are developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology and its Practice Parameters Committee and approved by the Board of Trustees. Issues regarding the utilization of conventional, catheter-based pH monitoring are discussed. Improvements in the interpretation of esophageal pH recordings through the use of symptom-reflux association analyses as well as limitations gleaned from recent studies are reviewed. The clinical utility of pH recordings in the proximal esophagus and stomach is examined. Newly introduced techniques of duodenogastroesophageal reflux, wireless pH capsule monitoring and esophageal impedance testing are assessed and put into the context of traditional methodology. Finally, recommendations on the clinical applications of esophageal reflux testing are presented.
Discriminating throwing distances from point-light displays with masked ball flight

Previous research on recognising action features from point-light displays (PLDs) has focused on cues linked directly to the observed action. This paper presents two experiments examining the feasibility of predicting nonvisible movement outcomes from PLDs. A total of 127 sports students aged 19–37 years compared the distances of two throws in boules with masked ball flight. In Experiment 1, models were depicted as either full or reduced (only arm) PLDs and contrasted with a video condition. Results showed no differences between conditions, but better discrimination performance for larger differences between throwing distances. Experiment 2 reduced information even further. Both a reduction of PLDs to one point representing the hand and a reduction of the time course of the arm up to the point of ball release had detrimental effects on discrimination performance. Results are discussed in relation to concepts postulating the use of motor representations for movement observation.
UNC5H1 Induces Apoptosis via Its Juxtamembrane Region through an Interaction with NRAGE*

The UNC5Hs are axon guidance receptors that mediate netrin-1-dependent chemorepulsion, and dependence receptors that mediate netrin-1-independent apoptosis. Here, we report an interaction between UNC5H1 and NRAGE. Our experiments show that this interaction is responsible for apoptosis induced by UNC5H1, and this level of apoptosis is greater than the amount induced by either UNC5H2 or UNC5H3. We mapped the NRAGE binding domain of UNC5H1 to its ZU-5 domain and show that this region, in addition to an adjacent PEST sequence, is required for UNC5H1-mediated apoptosis. Chimeric UNC5H2 and UNC5H3 receptors, containing the NRAGE binding domain and PEST sequence of UNC5H1, bind NRAGE and cause increased levels of apoptosis. UNC5H1 expression does not induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells, which down-regulate NRAGE, but induces apoptosis in native PC12 cells that endogenously express high levels of NRAGE and in differentiated PC12 cells when NRAGE is overexpressed. Together, these results demonstrate a mechanism for UNC5H1-mediated apoptosis that requires an interaction with the MAGE protein NRAGE.
Committee-Based Sample Selection for Probabilistic Classifiers

In many real-world learning tasks it is expensive to acquire a sufficient number of labeled examples for training. This paper investigates methods for reducing annotation cost by sample selection. In this approach, during training the learning program examines many unlabeled examples and selects for labeling only those that are most informative at each stage. This avoids redundantly labeling examples that contribute little new information. Our work follows on previous research on Query By Committee, and extends the committee-based paradigm to the context of probabilistic classification. We describe a family of empirical methods for committee-based sample selection in probabilistic classification models, which evaluate the informativeness of an example by measuring the degree of disagreement between several model variants. These variants (the committee) are drawn randomly from a probability distribution conditioned by the training set labeled so far. The method was applied to the real-world natural language processing task of stochastic part-of-speech tagging. We find that all variants of the method achieve a significant reduction in annotation cost, although their computational efficiency differs. In particular, the simplest variant, a two member committee with no parameters to tune, gives excellent results. We also show that sample selection yields a significant reduction in the size of the model used by the tagger.
Impact of Professional Development on the Literacy Environments of Preschool Classrooms

Abstract This longitudinal study examined the effects of a comprehensive professional development program on literacy environments of preschool classroom/teacher units. The Early Language & Literacy Classroom Observation Toolkit (ELLCO) was used to assess effects of treatment. Forty (40) classroom/teacher units, representing 14 preschool centers, participated in the study (treatment group n = 20; control group n = 20). The treatment group of classroom/teacher units received mentoring by early childhood specialists, professional development training, and literacy materials. The control group of classroom/teacher units received literacy materials. Both the treatment and control groups of classroom/teacher units received Read Together, Talk Together kits along with training in use of the kits. The ELLCO measure was administered twice each year in treatment and control classroom/teacher units by qualified teams of assessors, via a subcontract arrangement with a university. Educational researchers served as external evaluators for the study. The data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures of analyses of variance. Statistically significant (p < .001) effects were found for Group, Time, and the Group by Time interactions. All associated multivariate partial eta-squares exceeded . 60, indicating strong effects. Also, follow-up, univariate analyses of variance indicated that all Group, Time, and Group by Time interactions were statistically significant (p < .001), with associated univariate partial eta-squares ranging from . 26 to . 72. Group means across the six measurements indicated little or no gain in classroom literacy environment means for the control group of classroom/teacher units, but substantial gains were made in the means for the treatment group of classroom/teacher units over the same period of time.
Amiloride Peptide Conjugates: Prodrugs for Sodium-Proton Exchange Inhibition

Inhibition of the sodium-proton exchanger (NHE) plays an important role in reducing tissue damage during ischemic reperfusion injury; however, pharmacological inhibitors of NHE have restricted access to acutely ischemic tissues because of severely compromised tissue perfusion. We describe the syntheses, characterization, and NHE inhibitory activities of a novel class of amiloride derivatives where peptides are conjugated to the amiloride C(5) amino group. These new peptide-C(5)-amiloride conjugates are inactive; however, peptide residues were chosen such that selective cleavage by neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) liberates an amino acid-C(5)-amiloride conjugate that inhibits NHE in a glial cell line. These results confirm the feasibility of using peptide-amiloride conjugates as NHE inhibitor prodrugs. We envision the design of analogous peptide-amiloride prodrugs that can be administered prior to ischemic events and subsequently activated by endopeptidases selectively expressed by ischemic tissues.
A printed miniature antenna for UWB applications

Miniaturised UWB antennas have attracted considerable research interests due to their applications in indoor localisation, Wireless Universal Serial Bus (WUSB), biomedical implant and Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) [1–3]. Various miniaturisation techniques have been therefore attempted in the design of small UWB antennas [4–7]. For example, a compact UWB antenna employing a half circular quasi-self-complementary structure along with a triangular cut on microstrip feedline has been proposed and investigated in [6]. It has achieved an ultra wide 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.86 GHz – 10.7 GHz with a rather small size, 25mm×16mm in physical dimension, corresponding to electrical dimension of 0. 24λ. A Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed tapered slot UWB antenna for body-centric wireless communications has also been studied in [7]. This type of antenna features inseperable CPW and tapered radiating slot and has demonstrated an enormous return loss bandwidth with a compact physical size of 27mm×16mm and electrical size of 0. 27λ, respectively.
Advances in research on instruction.

A major area of research, one with important impli cations for teaching, has been the research on cognitive processing, research on how information is stored and retrieved. This research has shown us the importance of helping students develop a well-connected body of ac cessible knowledge. It is currently thought that the information in our long-term memory is stored in interconnected networks called knowledge structures. The size of these struc tures, the number of connections between pieces of knowledge, the strength of the connections, and the or ganization and richness of the relationships are all im portant for processing information and solving prob lems. It is easier to assimilate new information and it is easier
Can an anti-erosive Andropogon gayanus live hedge help regulate millet stem borer infestation in neighbouring millet fields?

From 2008 to 2010, the effect of a wind erosion-alleviating practice, that is, planting of windbreaks of the perennial grass Andropogon gayanus Kunth on the populations of millet stem borer (MSB) Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the damage induced by this pest to pearl millet, was studied at Sadore (Niger). The extent of bored stems in the A. gayanus hedge bordering millet plots (23% on average) was significantly lower than in the millet plots (76% on average), with no MSB larva recovered, compared to an average of 2.2 larvae per stem in the millet plots over the three years. Andropogon grass was thus ruled out as a trap crop for MSB management. Under the conditions of this study, a pest regulation service by Andropogon grass hedges, synergistic with a potential wind erosion alleviating service, cannot be put forward. Key words: Coniesta ignefusalis, Andropogon gayanus, trap cropping, wind erosion, Niger.
Polymorphisms in the methotrexate transport pathway: a new tool for MTX plasma level prediction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is an important component of therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment with MTX often causes toxicity, which can necessitate dose reduction or treatment cessation. Interindividual differences in adverse reactions can be due to different factors, including polymorphisms in key genes. Recently, we confirmed the association between SLCO1B1 rs11045879 polymorphism and toxicity previously proposed by Treviño and colleagues. As SLCO1B1 is a transporter involved in MTX elimination, other polymorphisms in genes from this pathway could also have a role in MTX toxicity. The aim of the present study was to analyze in depth the role of polymorphisms in the genes of the MTX transport pathway as putative toxicity predictors in pediatric ALL. Methods We analyzed 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 transporter genes (SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, SLC19A1, SLC22A6 and SLC22A8) and their correlation with different toxicity parameters in 151 pediatric ALL patients treated using the LAL/SHOP protocol. Results A significant association with MTX plasma levels was found for 21 polymorphisms from seven genes and 15 haplotypes. After correction, rs9516519 in ABCC4, rs3740065 in ABCC2, and haplotype GCGGG in ABCC2 remained significantly associated. Conclusion Our results suggest that polymorphisms in ABCC4 and ABCC2 could be novel markers for MTX toxicity in pediatric ALL.
Spiritual Marketplace: Baby Boomers and the Remaking of American Religion

In large chain bookstores the "religion" section is gone and in its place is an expanding number of topics including angels, Sufism, journey, recovery, meditation, magic, inspiration, Judaica, astrology, gurus, Bible, prophesy, evangelicalism, Mary, Buddhism, Catholicism, and esoterica. As Wade Clark Roof notes, such changes over the last two decades reflect a shift away from religion as traditionally understood to more diverse and creative approaches. But what does this splintering of the religious perspective say about Americans? Have we become more interested in spiritual concerns or have we become lost among trends? Do we value personal spirituality over traditional religion and no longer see ourselves united in a larger community of faith? Roof first credited this religious diversity to the baby boomers in his bestselling "A Generation of Seekers" (1993). He returns to interview many of these people, now in mid-life, to reveal a generation with a unique set of spiritual values--a generation that has altered our historic interpretations of religious beliefs, practices, and symbols, and perhaps even our understanding of the sacred itself.The quest culture created by the baby boomers has generated a "marketplace" of new spiritual beliefs and practices and of revisited traditions. As Roof shows, some Americans are exploring faiths and spiritual disciplines for the first time; others are rediscovering their lost traditions; others are drawn to small groups and alternative communities; and still others create their own mix of values and metaphysical beliefs. "Spiritual Marketplace" charts the emergence of five subcultures: dogmatists, born-again Christians, mainstream believers, metaphysical believers and seekers, and secularists. Drawing on surveys and in-depth interviews for over a decade, Roof reports on the religious and spiritual styles, family patterns, and moral vision and values for each of these subcultures. The result is an innovative, engaging approach to understanding how religious life is being reshaped as we move into the next century.
The Impact of Causal Ambiguity on Competitive Advantage and Rent Appropriation

We seek to develop the conceptual and practical understanding of causal ambiguity. Specifically we extend current thinking by setting out three types of causal ambiguity, based on whether firm resources are perceived to display linkage and/or characteristic ambiguity, and by examining for each type the impact of causal ambiguity on the sustainability of competitive advantage and on rent appropriation. We highlight the difficulties decision-makers face when they perceive ambiguity and finally we explore some implications of ambiguity with respect to resource-creation processes.
From chairman to chairwoman to chairperson : exploring the move from sexist usages to gender neutrality

This paper analyzes data from written and spoken corpora of British, American, Australian and New Zealand English to track social change in patterns of gender-marking. Frequency data for the use of general terms like woman and man are compared across the different regional varieties of written English, and contrasted with spoken corpus data from Australia and New Zealand. Several alternative social interpretations of the data are considered and discussed. The distributional patterns for occupational terms in the corpora are examined with regard to gender pre-modification and post-modification. The results indicate that female roles are often still explicitly linguistically marked, but this could be interpreted as an indication of women’s entry into formerly male-centric domains. The most recent Australian data suggest a move towards gender neutrality.
Multisite near-infrared spectroscopy predicts elevated blood lactate level in children after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES To determine if a relationship exists between regional oxyhemoglobin saturation (rSO(2)) measured at various body locations by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and blood lactate level in children after cardiac surgery. DESIGN A prospective, observational study. SETTING A pediatric cardiac intensive care unit in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Patients with single-ventricle physiology and/or residual intracardiac shunts were excluded. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cerebral, splanchnic, renal, and muscle rSO(2) values were recorded every 30 seconds via NIRS for 24 hours postoperatively. Blood lactate levels measured minimally at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours postoperatively were correlated with rSO(2) values derived by averaging all values recorded during the 60 minutes preceding the blood draw. Twenty-three patients were enrolled with 163 lactate measurements and more than 39,000 rSO(2) observations analyzed. Cerebral rSO(2) had the strongest inverse correlation with lactate level followed by splanchnic, renal, and muscle rSO(2) (r = -0.74, p < 0.0001, r = -0.61, p < 0.0001, r = -0.57, p < 0.0001, and r = -0.48, p < 0.0001, respectively). The correlation improved by averaging the cerebral and renal rSO(2) values (r = -0.82, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, an averaged cerebral and renal rSO(2) value <or=65% predicted a lactate level >or=3.0 mmol/L with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 83% (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Averaged cerebral and renal rSO(2) less than 65% as measured by NIRS predicts hyperlactatemia (>3 mmol/L) in acyanotic children after congenital heart surgery. Hence, this noninvasive, continuous monitoring tool may facilitate the identification of global hypoperfusion caused by low cardiac output syndrome in this population.