Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subchondral Bone Plate Changes More Rapidly than Trabecular Bone in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, characterised by focal loss of cartilage and increased subchondral bone remodelling at early OA stages of the disease. We have investigated the temporal and the spatial relationship between bone remodelling in subchondral bone plate (Sbp) and trabecular bone (Tb) in Dunkin Hartley (DH, develop OA early) and the Bristol Strain 2 (BS2, control which develop OA late) guinea pigs. Right tibias were dissected from six male animals of each strain, at 10, 16, 24 and 30 weeks of age. Micro-computed tomography was used to quantify the growth plate thickness (GpTh), subchondral bone plate thickness (SbpTh) and trabecular bone thickness (TbTh), and bone mineral density (BMD) in both Sbp and Tb. The rate of change was calculated for 10–16 weeks, 16–24 weeks and 24–30 weeks. The rate of changes in Sbp and Tb thickness at the earliest time interval (10–16 weeks) were significantly greater in DH guinea pigs than in the growth-matched control strain (BS2). The magnitude of these differences was greater in the medial side than the lateral side (DH: 22.7 and 14.75 µm/week, BS2: 5.63 and 6.67 µm/week, respectively). Similarly, changes in the BMD at the earliest time interval was greater in the DH strain than the BS2, again more pronounced in the disease prone medial compartment (DH: 0.0698 and 0.0372 g/cm3/week, BS2: 0.00457 and 0.00772 g/cm3/week, respectively). These changes observed preceded microscopic and cellular signs of disease as previously reported. The rapid early changes in SbpTh, TbTh, Sbp BMD and Tb BMD in the disease prone DH guinea pigs compared with the BS2 control strain suggest a link to early OA pathology. This is corroborated by the greater relative changes in subchondral bone in the medial compared with the lateral compartment.
Knowledge effectiveness, social context and innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct an investigation into knowledge‐sharing mechanisms by empirically testing the role that context plays in the transfer of actionable knowledge, and, in turn, for innovation.Design/methodology/approach – A multiple‐respondents survey was performed in 72 business units of companies belonging to the ICT, pharmaceutical and food industries in Greece. In total, 295 useful questionnaires were collected using a multiple respondent strategy. All constructs were measured with multi‐item scales and validated using exploratory factor analyses. A total of seven hypotheses were generated following a literature review on the key determinants of context for effective knowledge sharing. The hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares regression.Findings – The research shows that when units pursue knowledge transfer between their different actors, contextual factors such as trust, motivation to transfer knowledge, management support and learning orientation are cruc.
The knowledge, skills, practices and attributes that are necessary for leadership roles in counseling

The CACREP Standards document leadership as an essential part of counselor development. However, there does not yet seem to be a consensus in the profession about what specific knowledge, skills, practices and attributes (KSPAs) are necessary for leadership roles in counseling. The purpose of this study was to develop expert consensus of the KSPAs that are necessary for leadership roles. This study utilized Delphi Methodology and consisted of two phases with three rounds of data collection in Phase 2. Phase 1 utilized an online brainstorming session with expert counseling leaders to develop a list of KSPAs. Phase 2 involved three rounds of data collection utilizing the questionnaire, developed from the combination of Phase I results and current resources, to come to consensus about the perceived necessity of the KSPAs for leadership roles. The expert panel consisted of 48 participants for Round 1, 29 for Round 2, and 24 for Round 3. Of the 105 items analyzed, 70 were identified as very necessary by the expert panel. Nine of these items had more than 50% agreement by the expert panel as the most necessary for leadership roles in counseling. These items are: Strong counselor identity (78%), Being ethical (61%), Empowering others (57%), Ability to see the "big picture" (57%), Modeling/leading by example (57%), Collaboration (52%), Knowledge of the membership (52%), Genuine/authentic (52%), and Being strategic (52%).
An analytical study of MHD heat and mass transfer oscillatory flow of a micropolar fluid over a vertical permeable plate in a porous medium

An analytical solution is presented for the problem of heat and mass transfer of an oscillatory 2-dimensional viscous, electrically conducting micropolar fluid over an infinite moving permeable plate in a saturated porous medium in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Numerical solutions are given for the governing momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration equations. The effects of permeability and chemical reaction parameters are presented, graphically or in tables, for the velocity profiles, microrotation profiles, skin friction coefficient, and wall couple stress coefficient. The results indicate that increasing the chemical reaction parameter produces a decreasing effect on the skin friction coefficient and the couple stress coefficient at the wall, while the opposite is true when the permeability parameter is increased.
A novel saliency-based object segmentation method for seriously degenerated images

Automatically segmenting the salient object based on the saliency information frequently fails on the non-uniform motion blurred images. We propose a novel saliency-based object segmentation method with a self-expansion mechanism to deal with this problem in this paper. Firstly, to improve the initial localization accuracy for expansion, we integrate a modified local autocorrelation congruency into an initial salient object seed for building a combined salient object seed. Secondly, we present a novel method named Normal Expansion to expand the obtained salient object seed to the real boundaries of the target object. At last, we design a strategy based on superpixels to repair the lost degenerated regions. Based on the proposed method, we can more precisely segment the partially motion blurred object boundaries from a uniformly motion blurred background. Our experimental results show that our method outperforms some state-of-the-art saliency-based object segmentation approaches both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Extended finite element framework for fault rupture dynamics including bulk plasticity

We present an explicit extended finite element framework for fault rupture dynamics accommodating bulk plasticity near the fault. The technique is more robust than the standard split‐node method because it can accommodate a fault propagating freely through the interior of finite elements. To fully exploit the explicit algorithmic framework, we perform mass lumping on the enriched finite elements that preserve the kinetic energy of the rigid body and enrichment modes. We show that with this technique, the extended FE solution reproduces the standard split‐node solution, but with the added advantage that it can also accommodate randomly propagating faults. We use different elastoplastic constitutive models appropriate for geomaterials, including the Mohr–Coulomb, Drucker–Prager, modified Cam‐Clay, and a conical plasticity model with a compression cap, to capture off‐fault bulk plasticity. More specifically, the cap model adds robustness to the framework because it can accommodate various modes of deformation, including compaction, dilatation, and shearing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local ERM activation and dynamic growth cones at Schwann cell tips implicated in efficient formation of nodes of Ranvier

Nodes of Ranvier are specialized, highly polarized axonal domains crucial to the propagation of saltatory action potentials. In the peripheral nervous system, axo–glial cell contacts have been implicated in Schwann cell (SC) differentiation and formation of the nodes of Ranvier. SC microvilli establish axonal contact at mature nodes, and their components have been observed to localize early to sites of developing nodes. However, a role for these contacts in node formation remains controversial. Using a myelinating explant culture system, we have observed that SCs reorganize and polarize microvillar components, such as the ezrin-binding phosphoprotein 50 kD/regulatory cofactor of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHERF-1), actin, and the activated ezrin, radixin, and moesin family proteins before myelination in response to inductive signals. These components are targeted to the SC distal tips where live cell imaging reveals novel, dynamic growth cone–like behavior. Furthermore, localized activation of the Rho signaling pathway at SC tips gives rise to these microvillar component–enriched “caps” and influences the efficiency of node formation.
Responses of macaque ganglion cells to the relative phase of heterochromatically modulated lights.

1. We measured the response of macaque ganglion cells to sinusoidally modulated red and green lights as the relative phase, theta, of the lights was varied. 2. At low frequencies, red‐green ganglion cells of the parvocellular (PC‐) pathway with opponent inputs from middle‐wavelength sensitive (M‐) and long‐wavelength sensitive (L‐) cones were minimally sensitive to luminance modulation (theta = 0 deg) and maximally sensitive to chromatic modulation (theta = 180 deg). With increasing frequency, the phase, theta, of minimal amplitude gradually changed, in opposite directions for cells with M‐ and L‐cone centres. 3. At high frequencies (at and above 20 Hz), phasic cells of the magnocellular (MC‐) pathway were maximally responsive when theta approximately 0 deg and minimally responsive when theta approximately 180 deg, as expected from an achromatic mechanism. At lower frequencies, the phase of minimal response shifted, for both on‐ and off‐centre cells, to values of theta intermediate between 0 and 180 deg. This phase asymmetry was absent if the centre alone was stimulated with a small field. 4. For PC‐pathway cells, it was possible to provide an account of response phase as a function of theta, using a model involving three parameters; phases of the L‐ and M‐cone mechanisms and a L/M cone weighting term. For red‐green cells, the phase parameters were monotonically related to temporal frequency and revealed a centre‐surround phase difference. The phase difference was linear with a slope of 1‐3 deg Hz‐1. If this represents a latency difference, it would be 3‐8 ms. Otherwise, temporal properties of the M‐ and L‐cones appeared similar if not identical. By addition of a scaling term, the model could be extended to give an adequate account of the amplitude of responses. 5. We were able to activate selectively the surrounds of cells with short‐wavelength (S‐) cone input to their centres, and so were able to assess L/M cone weighting to the surround. M‐ and L‐cone inputs added linearly for most cells. On average, the weighting corresponded to the Judd modification of the luminosity function although there was considerable inter‐cell variability. 6. To account for results from MC‐pathway cells, it was necessary to postulate a cone‐opponent, chromatic input to their surrounds. We developed a receptive field model with linear summation of M‐ and L‐cones to centre and surround, and with an additional M,L‐cone opponent input to the surround. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A family of all essential Radix-2 addition/subtraction multi-polarity transforms: algorithms and interpretations in Boolean domain

By investigating some families of elementary order-2 matrices, new transforms of real vectors are introduced. When used for Boolean function transformations these transforms are one-to-one mappings in a binary/ternary vector space. The concept of different polarities of considered arithmetic and adding transforms is introduced. The links of arithmetic and adding transforms with classical logic design are discussed. <<ETX>>
A Further Remark on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy [Two Remarks on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy]

After a long history of discussions on uniqueness,2 Debreu [1970] first examined the possibility of a finite number of equilibria with the help of Sard's Theorem. This was followed by a treatment of uniqueness by Dierker [1972]. Varian [1975], in a remark on Dierker's paper, reported an alternative proof using Hopf's lemma. These authors assumed boundary conditions which imply the monotonicity of preferences or the inward pointing property of a vector field defined by an excess demand function. However, monotonicity of preferences is a very strong requirement, as it excludes the possibility of the bounded demand for any good at its zero price. Furthermore, if we assume the boundedness of demand for a good, then the sign of the excess demand for that good depends on the size of the initial endowment.3 In spite of its usefulness and potential applicability, the uniqueness argument using the Degree Theory has never been applied to the similar problem in international trade theory, because such monotonicity type interpretation is too strong in case of cost functions. Also the exact relation between the uniqueness results by the Cross-Substitute, the Dominant Diagonal, or the Gale-Nikaido Matrices4 and the theorems by Dierker and Varian has never been clarified, again because of the monotonicity requirement in the later results.5 The purpose of this paper is to point out that Dierker's uniqueness result is
DNA looping.

ASSAYS OFLOOPING . 202 Helical-Twist Experiments in vivo and in vitro . 202 Electrophoresis of Looped Small Circles . 203 Generation of Sandwich (Crossjoined) Structures . 204 Altered Structure of DNA in Loops . 204 Electron Microscopic Observation of Looping . 205 Cooperativity from a Distance . 205 Tethering . 206 SOME PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF DNA LOOPING . 206 General Considerations . 206 A Zeroth Order Approximation, A Perfectly Flexible and Twistable String . 208 Including Lateral Stiffness . 209 Including Torsional Stiffness . 209 Including Both Lateral and Torsional Stiffness . 209 Monte Carlo Calculations . 210 LOOPING IN GENE REGULATION . 210 Prokaryotic Systems . 211 Activator Systems . 217 Eukaryotic Enhancers in General . 218 Looping in Genetic Recombination . 219 Looping in Regulation of DNA Replication . 221 SUMMARY . 221
Distribution of ABO and Rh types in voluntary Blood donors in Jharkhand area as a study conducted by RIMS, Ranchi

Background: This study was done to know the distribution and frequencies of blood groups among blood donors attending voluntary blood donation camps organized by the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand so that demand and supply ratio of the four blood groups can be maintained so that no patient dies due to lack of a particular blood group. Context: Up till now about 400 red cells antigen have been identified. The majority follow Mendelian inheritance. The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group system are most important for blood transfusion purposes, parental testing, legal medicine, and in population genetic study. Aims: This study was conducted to determine and compare the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among voluntary blood donors attending blood donation camps in Jharkhand organized by RIMS. The aim is to know the demand and supply ratio of a particular blood group in light of their distribution in the society so that no patient dies due to the deficient supply of blood. Settings and Design: It is a retrospective study carried out at blood bank. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted at Blood bank, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015. Blood group of the blood donors was determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by test tube agglutination technique accompanied by reverse grouping. Results: Out of 20,455 subjects, 18,717 (91.73%) were male and 1738 (8.27%) were female subjects. The ABO blood group present was B (35.15%) followed by O (34.73%), A (22.09%), and AB (8.03%) in blood donors while in Rh system, (96.46%) donors were Rh +ve and (3.54%) donors were Rh −ve. The study has a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank and transfusion services for the indoor patients of RIMS and for emergency supply to other hospitals of Jharkhand in dire need of blood. Conclusions: The knowledge of distribution of blood group is very important for blood banks and transfusion services which play an important role in the patient′s health care. This study will also throw light on the reasons of deficiency of a particular group in a particular area so that deficient group donors may be encouraged to donate more frequently.
INTERCONNECTING LOCALITY & GLOBALITY . AN ESTHETICAL APPROACH

Localitatea este comportamentul sau auto-organizarea structurală a unei colectivităţi in jurul unei origini. Globalitatea este comportarea sau autoorganizarea structurală a unei colectivităţi în jurul unei proprietăţi. Colectivitaţile interconectate sunt modelele noastre pentru comportări estetice. Am inceput să modelam comportarea estetică (recepţia) introducând localitatea estetică. Am exersat modelul bazat pe localitatea estetică pe o pictură abstractă a lui Mondrian. Lucrarile de artă pot fi estimate şi prin proprietăţi de simetrie/asimetrie şi, ca atare, pot fi estimate cu ajutorul globalităţii simetrice estetice. Globalitatea simetrică estetică este o măsură de apreciere a lucrărilor de arta, de organizare a lor pe baza unei proprietăţi şi, în final, de înţelegere a lor.
Gender Bias in Computing: Students' Perspectives

The under-representation and poor retention of women in computing courses at Victoria University is a concern that has continued to defy all attempts to resolve it. Despite the fact that a range of initiatives have been created to encourage participation and improve retention of females in the courses, the percentage of female enrollments has declined significantly in recent years while attrition rates soared. A recent research Study aimed at investigating these negative trends with respect to gender equity in computing courses; of interest was the issue of possible gender bias in the learning environment and its impact on female attrition rates. Focus groups with computing students of both genders were used as one of the data collection tools in the study. This paper reports on the findings from the focus groups
Soil properties in fire-consumed log burnout openings in a Missouri oak savanna

Downed logs are known to increase species diversity in many forest ecosystems by increasing resource and structural complexity and by altering fire behavior in fire-prone ecosystems. In a frequently burned oak savanna in central Missouri, combustion of downed logs formed patches that have remained free of herbaceous vegetation for more than 3 years. To assess the influence of ‘‘log burnouts’’ on soil conditions we compared soil chemical, biological and physical properties in log burnout zones and beneath surrounding herbaceous vegetation. Soil pH and extractable soil NO3 , P, Kþ and Ca2þ were all higher in the log burnouts compared to adjacent soil. There was no difference in total soil N or extractable NH4 þ. An index of plant N availability was lower and the soil C:N ratio was higher in the burnout patches, though the magnitudes of these reductions do not explain the persistence of the bare patches. We suspect that following log combustion degraded soil aggregate structure and decreased soil porosity alters soil water availability and restricts plant colonization into the log burnouts areas. The modified soil conditions associated with fire-consumed coarse woody debris may have a long-term influence on herbaceous species diversity and spatial distribution in fire-maintained oak savannas. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Persistent loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra after neuroleptic withdrawal

A 37 year woman developed neuroleptic induced parkinsonism that persisted long after the drug had been discontinued. This prompted a study of the effect of an eight week course of haloperidol (HAL) followed by two week withdrawal, on dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in rats. Animals treated with HAL showed a highly significant 32%-46% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, and 20% contraction of the TH stained dendritic arbour. Neuroleptic drug induced downregulation of nigral dopaminergic neurons may help to explain the persistent parkinsonism found in many patients after withdrawal of medication.
Impact of community-based health insurance in rural India on self-medication & financial protection of the insured

Background & objectives: The evidence-base of the impact of community-based health insurance (CBHI) on access to healthcare and financial protection in India is weak. We investigated the impact of CBHI in rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar States of India on insured households’ self-medication and financial position. Methods: Data originated from (i) household surveys, and (ii) the Management Information System of each CBHI. Study design was “staggered implementation” cluster randomized controlled trial with enrollment of one-third of the treatment group in each of the years 2011, 2012 and 2013. Around 40-50 per cent of the households that were offered to enroll joined. The benefits-packages covered outpatient care in all three locations and in-patient care in two locations. To overcome self-selection enrollment bias, we constructed comparable control and treatment groups using Kernel Propensity Score Matching (K-PSM). To quantify impact, both difference-in-difference (DiD), and conditional-DiD (combined K-PSM with DiD) were used to assess robustness of results. Results: Post-intervention (2013), self-medication was less practiced by insured HHs. Fewer insured households than uninsured households reported borrowing to finance care for non-hospitalization events. Being insured for two years also improved the HH's location along the income distribution, namely insured HHs were more likely to experience income quintile-upgrade in one location, and less likely to experience a quintile-downgrade in two locations. Interpretation & conclusions: The realized benefits of insurance included better access to healthcare, reduced financial risks and improved economic mobility, suggesting that in our context health insurance creates welfare gains. These findings have implications for theoretical, ethical, policy and practice considerations.