Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Error estimates for Gaussian beam superpositions

Gaussian beams are asymptotically valid high frequency solutions to hyperbolic partial differential equations, concentrated on a single curve through the physical domain. They can also be extended to some dispersive wave equations, such as the Schrodinger equation. Superpositions of Gaussian beams provide a powerful tool to generate more general high frequency solutions that are not necessarily concentrated on a single curve. This work is concerned with the accuracy of Gaussian beam superpositions in terms of the wavelength epsilon. We present a systematic construction of Gaussian beam superpositions for all strictly hyperbolic and Schrodinger equations subject to highly oscillatory initial data of the form Ae(i Phi/) (epsilon). Through a careful estimate of an oscillatory integral operator, we prove that the k-th order Gaussian beam superposition converges to the original wave field at a rate proportional to epsilon(k/2) in the appropriate norm dictated by the well-posedness estimate. In particular, we prove that the Gaussian beam superposition converges at this rate for the acoustic wave equation in the standard, epsilon-scaled, energy norm and for the Schrodinger equation in the L-2 norm. The obtained results are valid for any number of spatial dimensions and are unaffected by the presence of caustics. We present a numerical study of convergence for the constant coefficient acoustic wave equation in R-2 to analyze the sharpness of the theoretical results.
European evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset lupus nephritis: the SHARE initiative

Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 50%–60% of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), leading to significant morbidity. Timely recognition of renal involvement and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent renal damage. The Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) initiative aimed to generate diagnostic and management regimens for children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases including cSLE. Here, we provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of childhood LN. Recommendations were developed using the European League Against Rheumatism standard operating procedures. A European-wide expert committee including paediatric nephrology representation formulated recommendations using a nominal group technique. Six recommendations regarding diagnosis and 20 recommendations covering treatment choices and goals were accepted, including each class of LN, described in the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification system. Treatment goal should be complete renal response. Treatment of class I LN should mainly be guided by other symptoms. Class II LN should be treated initially with low-dose prednisone, only adding a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug after 3 months of persistent proteinuria or prednisone dependency. Induction treatment of class III/IV LN should be mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or intravenous cyclophosphamide combined with corticosteroids; maintenance treatment should be MMF or azathioprine for at least 3 years. In pure class V LN, MMF with low-dose prednisone can be used as induction and MMF as maintenance treatment. The SHARE recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of LN have been generated to support uniform and high-quality care for all children with SLE.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3α/β inhibition promotes in vivo amplification of endogenous mesenchymal progenitors with osteogenic and adipogenic potential and their differentiation to the osteogenic lineage

Small molecules are attractive therapeutics to amplify and direct differentiation of stem cells. They also can be used to understand the regulation of their fate by interfering with specific signaling pathways. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into several cell types, including osteoblasts. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) has been shown to enhance bone mass, possibly by involving a number of mechanisms ranging from amplification of the mesenchymal stem cell pool to the commitment and differentiation of osteoblasts. Here we have used a highly specific novel inhibitor of GSK‐3, AR28, capable of inducing β‐catenin nuclear translocation and enhanced bone mass after 14 days of treatment in BALB/c mice. We have shown a temporally regulated increase in the number of colony‐forming units–osteoblast (CFU‐O) and –adipocyte (CFU‐A) but not colony‐forming units–fibroblast (CFU‐F) in mice treated for 3 days. However, the number of CFU‐O and CFU‐A returned to normal levels after 14 days of treatment, and the number of CFU‐F was decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of osteoblasts increased significantly only after 14 days of treatment, and this was seen together with a significant decrease in bone marrow adiposity. These data suggest that the increased bone mass is the result of an early temporal wave of amplification of a subpopulation of MSCs with both osteogenic and adipogenic potential, which is driven to osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipogenesis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Level of neopterin, a marker of immune cell activation in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and urine in patients with aggressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND Neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation, is produced by human macrophages after induction by interferon gamma that is secreted by T lymphocytes. Neopterin concentrations in diverse body fluids have been reported to increase in parallel with bacteria in the clinical course of infections. Therefore, determination of neopterin in body fluids was thought to be useful for predicting the prognosis and diagnosis of aggressive forms of periodontal disease, in which the cell-mediated immune response plays an important role in immunopathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to observe the role of neopterin in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). METHODS Thirteen individuals who were systemically and periodontally healthy and 16 systemically healthy individuals diagnosed with AgP were recruited for this study. Mixed saliva and urine samples were collected from each subject. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from 6 teeth with > or =5 mm probing depth (PD). After evaluation of GCF amount from paper strips, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the amount of neopterin in urine, saliva, and GCF. RESULTS The amount of neopterin in urine and saliva measured 235.77+/-405.31 micromol neopterin/mol creatinine and 9.85+/-7.66 nmol/l, respectively, for the AgP group and 225.45+/-100.72 micromol neopterin/mol creatinine and 5.25+/-5.76 nmol/l, respectively, for controls. The present data demonstrate that, while salivary neopterin levels were found to be significantly different between periodontitis and control subjects, there were non-significant differences in urine neopterin levels. The amount and concentration of neopterin in GCF measured was 18+/-12.75 nmol/l and 3.67+/-2.40 nmol/ml for the AgP group and 2.51+/-1.72 nmol/l and 3.88+/-4.50 nmol/ml for the control group. When total amounts of neopterin are taken into consideration, a significant difference between AgP and controls is shown; however, no significant difference in net concentration of neopterin was found between both groups. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report to evaluate the involvement of neopterin in AgP and this might be considered of value in understanding periodontal disease mechanisms.
Inter-rater reliability testing for utilization management staff.

INTRODUCTION Recent regulatory pressures and certification requirements have heightened the need for payer organizations to abide by specific standards regarding medical management operations. Payer organizations that are making medical-necessity determinations regarding reimbursement for health care services, as well as risk-bearing provider groups to whom some of these functions have been delegated, must insure consistency and appropriateness in their determinations. The most powerful accreditation body for health care payers, the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), requires that payer organizations carry out periodic inter-rater reliability assessments to insure consistency in medical management decision making. An inter-rater reliability assessment or study is a performance-measurement tool involving a comparison of responses for a control group (i.e., the " raters ") with a standard. Inter-rater reliability (also called inter-observer reliability) traditionally refers to how well two or more raters agree and is derived from the correlation of different raters'
Predicting Social Security numbers from public data

Information about an individual's place and date of birth can be exploited to predict his or her Social Security number (SSN). Using only publicly available information, we observed a correlation between individuals' SSNs and their birth data and found that for younger cohorts the correlation allows statistical inference of private SSNs. The inferences are made possible by the public availability of the Social Security Administration's Death Master File and the widespread accessibility of personal information from multiple sources, such as data brokers or profiles on social networking sites. Our results highlight the unexpected privacy consequences of the complex interactions among multiple data sources in modern information economies and quantify privacy risks associated with information revelation in public forums.
Rates and possible mechanism of light-dependent degradation of pigments in detritus derived from phytoplankton

Rates of degradation of phytoplankton chlorophylls and carotenoids under visible light exposure were determined in laboratory experiments. Killed phytoplankton cells and copepod fecal pellets were used as sources of pigments. Chlorophylls, pheopigments and carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC. Experiments included aerated and N2 bubbled treatments (light and dark), and in one experiment, killed phytoplankton cells were aged in darkness for 5 days in the presence of an active bacterial population prior to exposure to light. Pigment bleaching in solution was also examined. Pigment degradation was light-and oxygen-dependent and showed apparent first-order kinetics with respect to light exposure. The chlorophylls, pheopigments and major carotenoids bleached at similar rates. Pigments in killed cells bleached faster than the pigments contained in copepod fecal pellets, perhaps due to a higher effective light dose for the smaller particles and to differences in the structural organization of pigments in killed cells versus fecal pellets. Light-dependent degradation of pigments in aerated organic solutions varied with solvent composition. In pure acetone, carotenoids and chlorophylls bleached at similar rates. In acetone:water mixtures, carotenoids were considerably more stable than chlorophylls. A sensitized mechanism of pigment photooxidation could account for the apparent coupling of light-dependent degradation of different pigment types in detrital particles and in acetone solution. In detrital particles such as fecal pellets, sensitized photooxidations may be enhanced by the localized concentration of detrital pigments and other lipophilic material within hydrophobic microenvironments.
Physical properties of subducted slab and surrounding mantle in the Izu-Bonin subduction zone based on Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometer data

[1] Seismic attenuation and traveltime anomalies in the vicinity of the Izu-Bonin subduction zone are inferred from waveform data recorded by Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismometers (BBOBSs) deployed as part of the Stagnant Slab Project. We measure the path-averaged attenuation of P waves and traveltime anomalies of both P and S waves using waveform data from 10 regional earthquakes within the Izu-Bonin slab. The observed relation between the attenuation and traveltime anomalies is quantitatively evaluated on the basis of mineral physics. For the data that sample the slab and the Pacific mantle beneath the slab, the relation between the attenuation and traveltime anomalies is consistent with predictions based on the thermal effect. The data that sample the mantle wedge show pronounced positive traveltime anomalies unaccompanied by comparable high attenuation. The traveltime anomalies are too intense to be explained solely in terms of the temperature effect. The temperature anomalies estimated from attenuation suggest that the temperature in the mantle wedge reaches the dry solidus of peridotite. The relative intensity of S to P wave traveltime anomalies of mantle wedge data, after correction for the thermal effect, is relatively small (RS/P = 0.5–1.2). Similarly low-velocity anomalies without comparable high attenuation and with relatively small RS/P (<1.5) have been reported in previous studies of subduction zones at Tonga, in the southwest Pacific, and Tohoku, Japan. We discuss to what extent the present seismological observations can be explained by partial melt on the basis of recent theoretical and experimental studies on partially molten rocks.
Rock magnetism of the Early Pliocene Trubi Formation at Eraclea Minoa (Sicily)

The most important magnetic mineral in the finegrained marls of the Early Pliocene Trubi formation near Eraclea Minoa is magnetite. Some goethite is also present. The magnetite is of high purity and of primary origin. Hysteresis and low-temperature measurements show that most magnetite grains are single-domain. The presence of superpara-magnetic grains is suspected. Multi-domain grains are rare. It is stewn that AF demagnetization does not yield correct NRM directions.
Alteration of the Protein Kinase Binding Domain Enhances Function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Molecular Chaperone Cdc37

ABSTRACT Cdc37 is a molecular chaperone that has a general function in the biogenesis of protein kinases. We identified mutations within the putative “protein kinase binding domain” of Cdc37 that alleviate the conditional growth defect of a strain containing a temperature-sensitive allele, tpk2(Ts), of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). These dominant mutations alleviate the temperature-sensitive growth defect by elevating PKA activity, as judged by their effects on PKA-regulated processes, localization and phosphorylation of the PKA effector Msn2, as well as in vitro PKA activity. Although the tpk2(Ts) growth defect is also alleviated by Cdc37 overproduction, the CDC37 dominant mutants contain wild-type Cdc37 protein levels. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste11 protein kinase has an elevated physical interaction with the altered Cdc37 protein. These results implicate specific amino-terminal residues in the interaction between Cdc37 and client protein kinases and provide further genetic and biochemical support for a model in which Cdc37 functions as a molecular chaperone for protein kinases.
Statistical considerations of eight monthly precipitations series of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The correct understanding of the weather variability is a fundamental step in reducing the agricultural climate risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal variability of monthly precipitation data from eight regions of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Investigations related to possible climate trends were also held. Using the wavelet analysis, the likelihood ratio test, and the Mann-Kendall test, it was observed a very high temporal variability of the monthly precipitation data in the eight analyzed regions. The treatment of such series as strictly stationary, or the use of statistical models (such as Fourier spectral analysis), that only reveals what frequency (spectral) components exist in the precipitation signal, will lead to the loss of important information about the modulating forcing of the precipitation temporal variability. Despite the high temporal variability, no trends on the rainfall series were detected. In the sense of agrometeorological applications, the high temporal variability of the monthly precipitation signal should be considerate on the agricultural zoning model of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Gravity and Seismic Reflection Investigations into the Crustal Structure of the Aves Ridge, Eastern Caribbean

Summary The results of bathymetric, gravimetric and seismic reflection surveys over the Aves Ridge and Grenada Trough (eastern Caribbean) are presented. The Aves Ridge is a submerged linear prominence typically formed of two flanking ridges enclosing a sediment filled trough in which occur seismic reflectors similar to those found in the Venezuela Basin and Grenada Trough. The short wavelength gravity anomalies of the Aves Ridge may be adequately explained in terms of structures in the sediment/basement interface. The Aves Ridge is underlain by a mass deficiency which may be interpreted in terms of a thickened crust with consequent depression of the Moho and lowest crustal layer. The positive Bouguer anomalies of the Grenada Trough are probably due to a relatively shallow Moho. The Aves Ridge and Grenada Trough typically exhibit negative isostatic anomalies and the Lesser Antilles define a linear belt of positive isostatic anomalies. These new results support the suggestion that the Aves Ridge is an ancient island arc.
Vestibular Calcification in a Case of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

A 3.5-year-old female patient with a history of asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection presented to our otolaryngology clinic with bilateral sudden hearing loss. She tested positive for CMV using urinary polymerase chain reaction within the first week of life. Her auditory brain stem (ABR) thresholds were within normal limits at birth. Shewas diagnosed as having bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss at 5 months of age, with ABR thresholds deteriorating with time. Her most recent ABR, performed at 3 years of age, showed 70 dB thresholds in both ears. Threemonths after ABR testing, the patient presented with sudden deterioration of her hearing levels, displaying a bilateral pure-tone average threshold of 100 dB. She was admitted to the hospital and treated with a 1-mg/kg/d course of prednisolone but showed little improvement. Cochlear implantation was proposed, and a cochlear implant workup was carried out. This workup included high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and vestibular testing. Highresolution computed tomography of the temporal bone and T2-weighted MRI showed an abnormal vestibular calcification in the right inner ear. This calcification was located at the level of the vestibular saccule (Fig. 1). No other inner ear or brain CMV-related radiologic abnormalities were noted. Bithermal caloric, pendular, and earth-vertical-axis rotation tests showed normal semicircular canal responses on both sides. However, click-evoked cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) testing revealed asymmetric otolithic responses with abnormally small amplitudes on the right side and normal amplitudes on the left side (Fig. 2).
Autogenous periosteal barrier membranes and bone grafts in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects of single-rooted teeth: a 12-month reentry randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND This randomized clinical trial compares the outcomes of combination treatment by autogenous periosteal membranes and bone graft versus guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with collagen membranes or open-flap debridement (OFD) only in the treatment of intraosseous defects. METHODS Forty-two patients affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled. Each patient had one deep intrabony defect (≥6 mm). They were randomly assigned into three groups: patients treated with 1) an OFD procedure alone (OFD group); 2) a GTR procedure with collagen membranes (GTR group); and 3) a combined treatment procedure by autogenous periosteal membranes and autogenous bone chips (aCPRT group). Clinical and intrasurgical examinations including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and defect bone level (DBL) were performed at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS After 1 year, all of the evaluated clinical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group (P <0.01). The GTR and aCPRT groups had significantly greater PD reductions (5.2 and 4.4 mm, respectively) and CAL (3.2 and 3.9 mm) and DBL gains (2.4 and 3.1 mm) compared to the OFD group (PD, 2.9 mm; CAL, 1.6 mm; DBL, 1.5 mm); moreover, the aCPRT group showed a significantly smaller GR increase (0.5 mm) and a greater DBL gain (3.1 mm) compared to the GTR group (2 and 2.4 mm, respectively; P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both the GTR and aCPRT treatments produce additional clinical benefits over OFD alone. Moreover, the aCPRT technique can minimize post-surgical GR and produce better defect bone-level improvement.
Manifest Supersymmetry in Non-Commutative Geometry

We consider the open superstring ending on a D-brane in the presence of a constant NS-NS B field, using the Green-Schwarz formalism. Quantizing in the light-cone gauge, we find that the anti-commutation relations for the fermionic variables of superspace remain unmodified. We also derive the unbroken supersymmetry algebra living on the D-brane. This establishes how the Moyal product is extended in a superspace formulation of non-commutative field theories. The superfield formulation of non-commutative supersymmetric field theories is briefly considered.
Methotrexate Elimination When Coadministered With Levetiracetam

Background: Delayed elimination of methotrexate was previously reported in 2 patients receiving concomitant levetiracetam. Objective: To explore the potential interaction between methotrexate and levetiracetam in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the records of 81 adults receiving 280 cycles of methotrexate to determine the effects of levetiracetam on methotrexate elimination. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results: Levetiracetam was administered in 33 (12%) cycles of methotrexate. Patients receiving levetiracetam had significantly lower 24-hour methotrexate concentrations compared with those not receiving levetiracetam (2.91 vs 7.37 µmol/L, P = 0.005). Despite this difference, concentrations at 48 and 72 hours were similar between groups. Times to nontoxic methotrexate concentration (<0.1 µmol/L) were the same regardless of the presence of levetiracetam. The frequency of delayed elimination at 24, 48, and 72 hours was similar in both groups as was the frequency of delayed elimination at any time point. Cox regression demonstrated that levetiracetam was not a significant predictor of time to nontoxic methotrexate concentration (P = 0.796; HR = 1.058; 95% CI = 0.692-1.617), and logistic regression demonstrated that levetiracetam was not a significant predictor of delayed elimination at any time point. Levetiracetam use was similar between groups when comparing patients experiencing delayed elimination at any time point with those without delayed elimination (13% vs 10%, respectively, P = 0.527). Conclusion: This study does not support the previous reports of a significant interaction between levetiracetam and methotrexate. A clinically significant interaction is unlikely in those without additional risk factors for delayed elimination.