Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Widespread and selective induction of major histocompatibility complex- determined antigens in vivo by gamma interferon

gamma Interferon (IFN-gamma) caused remarkable increases in class I (H- 2Kk) and class II (I-Ak) antigens throughout the body by 6-9 d. Heart, kidney, and adrenals showed increases of 4-8 times their previous levels of class I antigen content, while the pancreas and small intestine increased 13-17-fold. Lesser increases were found in spleen, liver, and lung, which showed higher resting antigenic potency. Increases of class II antigenicity of 6-10-fold were found in heart, kidney, pancreas, lung, liver, adrenal, and small intestine, with lesser increases in thymus and spleen, and none in lymph node. Topographical analysis revealed that IFN-gamma induced class I and II antigens on most tissues in a highly selective fashion. For example, the renal proximal tubules expressed large amounts of both class I and II antigens, whereas the distal tubules and collecting ducts did not. In some epithelial cells class I and II determinants were induced only on the basal aspects of the cell membrane. IFN-gamma caused a remarkable increase in class II-positive dendritic cells in the liver, pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroid. Whether these cells were of local or systemic origin is uncertain, but the finding of a simultaneous depletion of dendritic cells from lymph nodes and spleen raises the possibility that they may have been derived, at least in part, from these sites. The dynamic and selective induction of class I and II antigen expression by IFN-gamma is likely to be important in regulation of the immune response in tissues.
What Psychologists Know and Believe about Memory: A Survey of Practitioners

Summary: We surveyed 858 licensed psychologists, members of the Norwegian Psychological Association, about their knowledge and beliefs about human memory. The results were compared to the results of parallel surveys of legal professionals and lay persons, and evaluated in the light of the results of current memory science. The results indicate that psychologists are not memory experts qua psychologists; as a group, psychologists do not score above the level of knowledge of lay persons or trial judges on issues of eyewitness memory, and a substantial minority of the sample of respondents harbours scientifically unproven ideas of memory. The implications of these findings for psychological practice, with special reference to the court room, are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Many academic professions deal with issues of episodic and autobiographical memory. Biographers and historians, interviewing informants about events sometimes dating decades back, must filter true events as interpreted by the informant at the time of the event from noise and the systematic distorting factors introduced by time and changing history (Schudson, 1995) in order to separate ‘the way we were from the way we are’ (Schacter, 2001). Law enforcement officers, attorneys and trial judges face the task of deciding whether eyewitness testimonies are reliable or are contaminated by memory‐distorting factors. Clinical psychologists, although not primarily fact finders, must always consider the possibility that their clients’ personal stories as revealed in the therapy room do not reflect genuine experiences but are memories distorted by time or are even false memories (Quin, Goodman, Bottoms, & Shaver, 1998). Psychologists also testify in court, sometimes on memory‐related issues and occasionally in the double role of therapist and memory expert. Sorting memory facts from memory fiction is not an easy task, and in order to decide which stories to trust and which stories to distrust, knowledge about the fallibility of episodic memory and factors that may distort memory would appear crucial to success. Do members of the professions that deal with questions of episodic and autobiographical memory in their professional work possess this knowledge? The available evidence suggests they do not.
Rethinking Equality Projects in Law: Feminist Challenges

The concept of equality has been a key animating principle of modern feminism, and has been highly productive for feminist legal thought and feminist politics concerning law. Today however, given the failure to achieve material and psychic equality for women, feminists have come to challenge the usefulness of equality as a concept, a particular definition, or a basis for strategising. The papers in this collection reflect these concerns, primarily in the context of English-speaking, common law cultures. Collectively, the papers analyse a range of equality projects across a number of areas of public and private law, considering both competing conceptions of equality and alternatives to it. In taking stock across a century and a half and around the globe, the book illustrates the range of ways in which equality projects in law have been challenged by, and remain a challenge for, feminism.
Parasitic infection of the diatom Guinardia delicatula, a recurrent and ecologically important phenomenon on the New England Shelf

Plankton images collected by Imaging FlowCytobot from 2006 to 2013 at the Martha's Vine- yard Coastal Observatory (Massachusetts, USA) were used to identify and quantify the occurrence of the diatom Guinardia delicatula and of a parasite that seems specific to this host. We observed infection with morphological stages that appear similar to the para- site Cryothecomonas aestivalis. Our results show that events during which infection rates exceed 10% are recurrent on the New England Shelf and suggest that the parasites are an important source of host mortal- ity. We document a significant negative relationship between bloom magnitude and parasite infection rate, supporting the hypothesis that the parasites play a major role in controlling blooms. While G. delicatula is observed during all seasons, the infecting stages of the parasite are abundant only when water tempera- ture is above 4°C. The anomalously warm water and small G. delicatula bloom during the winter of 2012 provided evidence that parasites can be active through winter if temperatures remain relatively high. As climate change continues, winter periods of water below 4°C may shorten or disappear in this region, suggesting that parasite effects on species such as G. delicatula may increase, with immediate impacts on their population dynamics.
Differing Interpretations of Empty Categories in English and Japanese VP Ellipsis Contexts

This article describes how English and Japanese children interpret empty categories in Verb Phrase Ellipsis contexts as in (1): 1. The penguin [sat on his chair] and the robot did Δ, too. To obtain an adultlike interpretation of (1), English children have to do two things. First, they need to find a suitable antecedent for the empty verb phrase labeled with Δ; second, they need to find the antecedent of a pronoun (his, in this case). Finding the correct antecedent of the pronoun depends on the knowledge that English pronouns are ambiguous between referential and bound variable interpretations. It is theoretically debated whether Japanese children have to do the same thing as English children in interpreting the Japanese equivalent of (1) or whether they need to engage in a different operation, such as recovering a noun that consists of a bundle of semantic features (Hoji (1998)). This article reports and interprets results from three groups: 14 English-speaking children, 17 Japanese-speaking children, and 10 Japanese-speaking adults; they participated in an experiment using the Truth Value Judgment Task methodology. The experiment compared 4 different conditions: a strict reading, a sloppy reading, a color mismatch reading, and an object mismatch reading. We discuss the fact that English and Japanese children behave differently in interpreting these empty categories and that Japanese adults and children also behave differently. We consider and discuss what is causing Japanese children to perform differently from adults in the experiment.
Exploring the link between organisational justice and job satisfaction and performance in Ghanaian hospitals: Do demographic factors play a mediating role?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether organisational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) predicts job satisfaction and performance of health professionals and whether the demographic characteristics of hospital employees mediate the relationship between workplace justice and job satisfaction and performance. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 respondents in seven hospitals using convenient sampling. Hypotheses were tested using multiple and hierarchical regression models. Findings – The paper established that distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice predict job satisfaction and performance of health professionals. However, their demographic characteristics are shown to partially mediate the relationship between organisational justice and job satisfaction but not performance. Originality/value – Granted that other studies exist, this is one of the few that focuses on hospita.
Using college students' self‐reported learning outcomes in scholarly research

Construct validity provides a framework for evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of using students' self-reports of learning outcomes in scholarly research. Evidence from a recent study concerning the relationships between academic environments and self-reported learning outcomes, based on Holland's person-environment fit theory, provides evidence of the appropriateness of using these self-report data in scholarly research.
Using root cause analysis to handle intrusion detection alarms

Using Root Cause Analysis to Handle Intrusion Detection Alarms Klaus Julisch IBM Zurich Research Laboratory Säumerstrasse 4 8803 R̈uschlikon, Switzerland e-mail: kju@zurich.ibm. com In response to attacks against enterprise networks, administrators are increasingly deploying intrusion detection systems. These systems monitor hosts, networks, and other resources for signs of security violations. Unfortunately, the use of intrusion detection has given rise to another difficult problem, namely the handling of a generally large number of mostly false alarms. This dissertation presents a novel paradigm for handling intrusion detection alarms more efficiently. Central to this paradigm is the notion that each alarm occurs for a reason, which is referred to as the alarm’s root causes . This dissertation observes that a few dozens of root causes generally account for over 90% of the alarms in an alarm log. Moreover, these root causes are generally persistent, i.e. they keep triggering alarms until someone removes them. Based on these observations, we propose a new two-step paradigm for alarm handling: Step one identifies root causes that account for large numbers of alarms, and step two removes these root causes and thereby reduces the future alarm load. Alternatively, alarms originating from benign root causes can be filtered out. To support the discovery of root causes, we propose a novel data mining technique, called larm clustering. To lay the foundation for alarm clustering, we show that many root causes manifest themselves in alarm groups that have certain structural properties. We formalize these structural properties and propose alarm clustering as a method for extracting alarm groups that have these properties. Such alarm groups are generally indicative of root causes. We therefore present them to a human expert who is responsible for identifying the underlying root causes. Once identified, the root causes can be removed (or false positives can be filtered out) so as to reduce the
Differential NF1, p16, and EGFR Patterns by Interphase Cytogenetics (FISH) in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) and Morphologically Similar Spindle Cell Neoplasms

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are diagnostically challenging neoplasms for which sensitive and specific immunohistochemical markers are lacking. Although limited to date, previous studies have suggested that NF1 (17q), NF2 (22q), p16 (9p), and EGFR (7p) alterations may be involved in MPNST tumorigenesis. To determine whether specific genetic changes differentiate between MPNST and morphologically similar neoplasms, we assessed these chromosomal regions in 22 MPNSTs (9 NF1-associated, 13 sporadic), 13 plexiform neurofibromas, 5 cellular schwannomas, 8 synovial sarcomas, 6 fibrosarcomas, and 13 hemangiopericytomas by 2-color FISH. NF1 deletions, often in the form of monosomy 17, were found in MPNSTs (76%), neurofibromas (31%), hemangiopericytomas (17%), and fibrosarcomas (17%), but not in synovial sarcomas or cellular schwannomas. NF1 losses were encountered more frequently in MPNSTs versus other sarcomas (p < 0.001), as were p16 homozygous deletions (45% vs 0%; p < 0.001), EGFR amplifications (26% vs 0%; p = 0.006), and polysomies for either chromosomes 7 (53% vs 12%; p = 0.003) or 22 (50% vs 4%; p < 0.001). Hemizygous or homozygous p16 deletions were detected in 75% of MPNSTs, but not in benign nerve sheath tumors (p < 0.001). Thus, FISH analysis identifies relatively specific genetic patterns that may be useful in selected cases, for which the differential diagnosis includes low- or high-grade MPNST.
Conserved Kv4 N-terminal Domain Critical for Effects of Kv Channel-interacting Protein 2.2 on Channel Expression and Gating*

Association of Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) with Kv4 channels leads to modulation of these A-type potassium channels (An, W. F., Bowlby, M. R., Betty, M., Cao, J., Ling, H. P., Mendoza, G., Hinson, J. W., Mattsson, K. I., Strassle, B. W., Trimmer, J. S., and Rhodes, K. J. (2000) Nature 403, 553–556). We cloned a KChIP2 splice variant (KChIP2.2) from human ventricle. In comparison with KChIP2.1, coexpression of KChIP2.2 with human Kv4 channels in mammalian cells slowed the onset of Kv4 current inactivation (2–3-fold), accelerated the recovery from inactivation (5–7-fold), and shifted Kv4 steady-state inactivation curves by 8–29 mV to more positive potentials. The features of Kv4.2/KChIP2.2 currents closely resemble those of cardiac rapidly inactivating transient outward currents. KChIP2.2 stimulated the Kv4 current density in Chinese hamster ovary cells by ∼55-fold. This correlated with a redistribution of immunoreactivity from perinuclear areas to the plasma membrane. Increased Kv4 cell-surface expression and current density were also obtained in the absence of KChIP2.2 when the highly conserved proximal Kv4 N terminus was deleted. The same domain is required for association of KChIP2.2 with Kv4 α-subunits. We propose that an efficient transport of Kv4 channels to the cell surface depends on KChIP binding to the Kv4 N-terminal domain. Our data suggest that the binding is necessary, but not sufficient, for the functional activity of KChIPs.
Smokers' melanosis in a Nigerian population: a preliminary study.

AIM Terms relating to pigmentation of the oral mucosa include physiologic (racial) pigmentation, oral pigmented nevi, oral melanotic maculae, melanoma, and smokers' melanosis. The literature is replete with studies about oral mucosal pigmentation which is thought to result from melanin incontinence. The documented etiological factors are both local and systemic and include hormones, drugs, smoking, and idiopathic causes. This study investigated the prevalence of melanosis among Nigerian smokers and controls who were non-smokers. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 1270 sites were examined in 253 subjects consisting of 60 smokers and 193 non-smokers. They were all systemically healthy adults drawn from 12 factories located in different urban and rural settings in the state of Lagos in Nigeria. Five oral mucosal sites were examined per subject. A single examiner performed all examinations and recorded all findings. Pigmentation was scored either as "present" or "absent. " Subjects' smoking status, degree, and duration of smoking were ascertained and recorded using an examiner-administered questionnaire. RESULTS There were five pigmented sites (0.52%) among non-smokers and 18 (6%) among smokers. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently pigmented site found in smokers while the lingual mucosa was the most common site found for non-smokers. The prevalence of pigmented sites increased directly among smokers with the duration of smoking (years); degree of smoking (cigarettes smoked per day); and smoking pack-years (degree of smoking divided by 20 and multiplied by duration of smoking, where 20 is the average number of cigarettes in a pack of cigarettes). SPSS version 11.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Frequency distributions were generated for all categorical variables for descriptive aspects of the analysis. Means were determined for quantitative variables such as age and number of cigarettes smoked. For homogenous variances, the student's t test was used for quantitative variables between smokers and non-smokers, while for non-homogenous variances the Mann-Whitney test was adopted. Chi-square statistic was used for comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. In tables with low expected frequencies, Fisher's exact test was adopted. Statistical tests yielding p-values = or <0.5 were considered significant. CONCLUSIONS Smokers in this study had a significantly higher prevalence of pigmented oral mucosal sites (melanosis) than non-smokers. The number of pigmented sites increased with the degree and duration of smoking. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently pigmented site found among the smokers in this study.
An examination of the validity of the mathematics exit level Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills

Dedication To my husband, Wes Young, for his unending patience, love and support. To my mother, Lynda Stanbery, for her guidance, support and unconditional love. And to the loving memory of my father, Raymond Slate. Without the love and encouragement I received from you all, this work would not have been possible. Thank you. Acknowledgements There are many people whom I would like to thank for many reasons. First and foremost, I would like to thank my adviser, Dr. Jill Marshall. I am very fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with her for the last few years. She has been an excellent role model throughout my time at the University of Texas at Austin; constantly leading by example. Watching her for the last four years, I have developed a sense of the kind of educator and researcher I hope to become. She spent countless hours reading my drafts and discussing ideas with me. When I would get stuck and not know how I wanted to proceed or I could not figure out how to say what I wanted to say, without fail, she would come to my rescue with some insight into my dilemma and all would be right again. She has been not only a wonderful advisor, but a friend as well. She was always willing to help in any way she could, which was invaluable after I moved out of the state. She would help me return library books, turn in forms and would even loan me her car when I would come back into town. I look forward to working with her as a colleague in years to come. Without her untiring support and encouragement, I feel sure I would not be where I am today. There is no way I can truly express the gratitude I feel toward her for everything she has done. I can only hope that one day I will have a chance to repay her kindness. for their time and effort devoted to my project. Their input proved to be invaluable first as I developed my study and then as I analyzed my results. Each member contributed his or her own expertise. I am so very fortunate to have been able to work with each of them. I would also like to thank Dr, Jere Confrey for her leadership early in my graduate career at UT. Working with her as …
Five-Year Follow-Up Data from the U.S. Clinical Trial for Sientra's U.S. Food and Drug Administration–Approved Silimed® Brand Round and Shaped Implants with High-Strength Silicone Gel

Background: In March of 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Sientra's application for premarket approval for its Silimed brand silicone gel implants, based on data from the largest silicone gel breast implant study to date. This was the first approval for shaped silicone gel breast implants. This article presents the results of Sientra's study through 5 years. Methods: Sientra's study is an ongoing, 10-year, open-label, prospective, multicenter clinical study designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of Sientra's implants in patients undergoing augmentation and reconstruction. A total of 1788 subjects were implanted with 3506 implants, including 1116 primary augmentation, 363 revision-augmentation, 225 primary reconstruction, and 84 revision-reconstruction subjects. Physical evaluations and complications were recorded at each visit. Effectiveness was measured by postimplantation bra cup size and assessment of subject satisfaction and quality of life. Of the 1788 subjects, 571 underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess silent rupture. Safety endpoints were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Across all cohorts, the risk of rupture was 1.8 percent (95 percent CI, 1.2 to 2.6 percent), the risk of capsular contracture (Baker grade III/IV) was 9.0 percent (95 percent CI, 7.6 to 10.6 percent), and the risk of reoperation was 23.8 percent (95 percent CI, 21.8 to 26.0 percent). Over 99 percent of surgeons reported satisfaction with the postoperative results, and subject satisfaction remained high 5 years after implantation. Conclusion: The 5-year results of Sientra's study continue to provide a comprehensive safety and effectiveness profile of Sientra's portfolio of Silimed brand shaped and round implants. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Risk Factors of Hyperthyroidism with Hepatic Function Injury: A 4-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract Hepatic function injury is one of the common complications of hyperthyroidism (mainly Graves’ disease), which affects the choice of treatment and the curative rate. Our goal was to describe clinical and biochemical patterns in patients suffering from Graves’ disease (GD) and hepatic function injury and to determine the influential factors. A cohort of 1 070 patients who received 131I treatment were studied. Many examinations were performed before 131I therapy, such as: the 24-h radioactive iodine uptake of thyroid (RAIU24 h) and serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (sTSH), antithyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), serum hepatic function tests, etc. Data were analyzed by the unpaired t-test, the independent samples t-test, the χ2 test, logistic regression, and Pearson bivariate correlation. Age, course of GD, thyroid’s weight, FT4, TPOAb, and TRAb in GD patients with hepatic function injury were higher than those with normal hepatic function patients. The influential factors were age, hyperthyroidism duration, heart rate, thyroid’s weight, FT4, RAIU24 h, TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb. RAIU24 h was the protecting factor. Age, course of GD, heart rate, thyroid’s weight, FT4, TRAb, and TPOAb were the risk factors. Patients whose age was higher than 45 years old, heart rate above 90 bpm, thyroid weight more than 35 g, the hyperthyroidism duration more than 3 years, FT4 higher than 70.5 pmol/l, the level of TPOAb above 360 IU/ml, and the level of TRAb above 15 IU/l have increased risk of hepatic function injury. As treatment 131I therapy was found to be the best choice.