Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Attractiveness and Altruism in Two Modified Dictator Games

ABSTRACT Several studies find that male individuals are more altruistic toward attractive women, suggesting altruism may serve as a courtship display. Many studies exploring this phenomenon have used vignettes and facial images. We tested the sexual selection hypothesis as an explanation for altruistic behavior, where players played the dictator game with “live” participants. Two studies were conducted (Study 1, n = 212; Study 2, n = 188) where we manipulated stakes and anonymity between participants to explore the relationship between the dictator’s allocations and their perceived attractiveness of the recipient. We found no relationship between attractiveness and altruism. Dictators were consistently fair when allocating stakes, irrespective of the recipients’ attractiveness.
Systematic Reviews andMeta-and Pooled Analyses Does Strength-Promoting Exercise Confer Unique Health Bene fi ts ? A Pooled Analysis of Data on 11 Population CohortsWith All-Cause , Cancer , and Cardiovascular Mortality Endpoints

Public health guidance includes recommendations to engage in strength-promoting exercise (SPE), but there is little evidence on its links with mortality. Using data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey from 1994–2008, we examined the associations between SPE (gym-based and own-body-weight strength activities) and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to examine the associations between SPE (any, low-/high-volume, and adherence to the SPE guideline (≥2 sessions/ week)) and mortality. The core sample comprised 80,306 adults aged ≥30 years, corresponding to 5,763 any-cause deaths (736,463 person-years). Following exclusions for prevalent disease/events occurring in the first 24 months, participation in any SPE was favorably associated with all-cause (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 0.87) and cancer (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.86) mortality. Adhering only to the SPE guideline was associated with all-cause (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.94) and cancer (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.92) mortality; adhering only to the aerobic activity guideline (equivalent to 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity activity) was associated with all-cause (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.90) and cardiovascular disease (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90) mortality. Adherence to both guidelines was associated with all-cause (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.87) and cancer (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) mortality. Our results support promoting adherence to the strength exercise guidelines over and above the generic physical activity targets.
Estimation of fat-free mass in Asian neonates using bioelectrical impedance analysis

Abstract The aims of this study were to develop and validate a prediction equation of fat-free mass (FFM) based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) as a reference in Asian neonates and to test the applicability of the prediction equations in an independent Western cohort. A total of 173 neonates at birth and 140 at two weeks of age were included. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to develop the prediction equations in a two-third randomly selected subset and validated on the remaining one-third subset at each time point and in an independent Queensland cohort. FFM measured by ADP was the dependent variable, and anthropometric measures, sex and impedance quotient (L2/R50) were independent variables in the model. Accuracy of prediction equations was assessed using intra-class correlation and Bland–Altman analyses. L2/R50 was the significant predictor of FFM at week two but not at birth. Compared with the model using weight, sex and length, including L2/R50 slightly improved the prediction with a bias of 0·01 kg with 2 sd limits of agreement (LOA) (0·18, −0·20). Prediction explained 88·9 % of variation but not beyond that of anthropometry. Applying these equations to the Queensland cohort provided similar performance at the appropriate age. However, when the Queensland equations were applied to our cohort, the bias increased slightly but with similar LOA. BIA appears to have limited use in predicting FFM in the first few weeks of life compared with simple anthropometry in Asian populations. There is a need for population- and age-appropriate FFM prediction equations.
The role of situations and thematic reorganization in the conceptual processing of abstract concepts

Le systeme conceptuel humain est connu pour contenir deux types de concepts principaux: concrets et abstraits. Les concepts abstraits tels que l'opinion ou la determination expriment les relations sequentielles entre les entites, ainsi que les etats mentaux et introspectifs qui caracterisent la conscience humaine. Les recherches anterieures se sont tres peu interessees a la maniere dont les concepts abstraits sont representes tant sur le plan cognitif que conceptuel. Dans la litterature, la representation, recuperation et traitement des concepts abstraits dans le systeme conceptuel sont principalement attribues au phenomene connu sous le nom de l’effet de concretude (avantage pour les mots concrets relativement aux mots abstraits par rapport aux processus cognitifs). Les theories actuelles de la cognition incarnee telles que la Theorie des Symboles Perceptifs proposent que les experiences reelles et les informations situationnelles pourraient jouer un role cle dans la facon dont les gens simulent, comprennent et utilisent les concepts abstraits. Le but principal de la presente these etait d’explorer la structure conceptuelle, l'organisation et la representation des concepts abstraits dans le systeme cognitif. Pour ce faire, quatre series d'etudes experimentales utilisant des tâches de categorisation et de jugement de similarite ont ete realisees. Le premier objectif etait de determiner l’effet des informations situationnelles sur la reorganisation des concepts abstraits. Le deuxieme objectif etait de determiner si une organisation taxonomique ou thematique pourrait etre a la base de la representation conceptuelle des concepts abstraits. Les resultats suggerent que la reorganisation thematique et les informations situationnelles jouent un role central dans le traitement et la reorganisation conceptuels des concepts abstraits.
Predictive Value of 18F-FDG PET in Patients with Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Treated with Vandetanib

Therapeutic options in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have markedly improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We aimed to assess the role of metabolic imaging using 18F-FDG PET/CT shortly before and 3 mo after initiation of TKI treatment. Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced and progressive MTC scheduled for vandetanib treatment underwent baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT before and 3 mo after TKI treatment initiation. During follow-up, CT scans were obtained every 3 mo and analyzed according to RECIST. The predictive value for estimating progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined by investigating the 18F-FDG SUVmean/max of the metabolically most active lesion, as well as by analyzing clinical parameters (tumor marker doubling times [calcitonin, carcinoembryonic antigen], prior therapies, rearranged-during-transfection mutational status, and disease type). Results: Within a median follow-up of 5.2 y, 9 patients experienced disease progression after a median interval of 2.1 y, whereas the remainder had ongoing disease control (5 with a partial response and 4 with stable disease). Eight of the 9 patients with progressive disease died from MTC after a median of 3.5 y after TKI initiation. A pretherapeutic SUVmean of more than 4.0 predicted a significantly shorter PFS (1.9 y vs. 5.2 y, P = 0.04). Furthermore, sustained high 18F-FDG uptake at 3 mo with a SUVmean of more than 2.8 tended to portend an unfavorable prognosis, with a PFS of 1.9 y (vs. 3.5 y, P = 0.3). Prolonged carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times were significantly correlated with longer PFS (r = 0.7) and OS (r = 0.76, P < 0.01). None of the other clinical parameters had prognostic significance. Conclusion: Pretherapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT provides prognostic information in patients with advanced MTC scheduled for treatment with the TKI vandetanib. A low tumor metabolism with an SUVmean of less than 4.0 before treatment predicts a longer PFS.
Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Prepared in One-Step by Precipitation in a High-Aqueous Phase Content Reverse Microemulsion

Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNP) were prepared in one-step by precipitation in a high-aqueous phase content reverse microemulsion in the presence of chitosan. The high-aqueous phase concentration led to productivities close to 0.49 g CMNP/100 g microemulsion; much higher than those characteristic of precipitation in reverse microemulsions for preparing magnetic nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles present a narrow particle size distribution with an average diameter of 4.5 nm; appearing to be formed of a single crystallite; furthermore they present superparamagnetism and high magnetization values; close to 49 emu/g. Characterization of CMNP suggests that chitosan is present as a non-homogeneous very thin layer; which explains the slight reduction in the magnetization value of CMNP in comparison with that of uncoated magnetic nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles show high heavy ion removal capability; as demonstrated by their use in the treatment of Pb2+ aqueous solutions; from which lead ions were completely removed within 10 min.
Optimization of ICPCVD Amorphous Silicon for Optical MEMS Applications

In this paper, we present the optimization of optical and mechanical properties of inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposited (ICPCVD) amorphous silicon thin films for fabrication of high-quality optical microelectromechanical systems-based devices operating from visible to short-wave infrared wavelengths (450-3000 nm). Our results indicate that, at relatively high deposition temperatures for plasma CVD, a decrease in the ICP power results in films with lower tensile stress, higher refractive index, and lower extinction coefficient. We show that hydrogen concentration alone is not a sufficient parameter for controlling optical and mechanical quality of the films. In particular, both the hydrogen concentration and the hydrogen-silicon bonding nature together play a vital role in determining the optical and the mechanical quality of the silicon thin films. As a demonstration vehicle, three layer silicon-silicon oxide-silicon-based distributed Bragg reflectors were fabricated for the visible (500-700 nm), near infrared (700-1000 nm), and short-wave infrared (2000-3000 nm) wavelength ranges using an optimized silicon fabrication recipe. The measured optical transmission spectra show close to 90% peak reflectivity. Finally, stress optimization was evaluated by fabricating 270-μm diameter circular suspended silicon membranes, which demonstrate a flatness variation on the order of <;6 nm across the entire lateral dimension.
Comparison of medial and posterior surgical approaches in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to compare the clinical results of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture cases requiring open reduction through medial approach with posterior approach. Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort of 67 cases of pediatric supracondylar fractures was reviewed. Thirty-three patients (20 males, 13 female, average age: 8.3 ± 3.131) were treated with medial approach were compared with 34 patients (19 males, 15 females, average age: 7.5 ± 3.146) treated with posterior exposure. Median follow-up period of the first group was 35.04 months (range: 17–76 months) and of the second group was 36.04 (range: 16-65 months). Radiological evaluation included Baumann angle, carrying angles, and lateral humero-capitellar angles. Functional and cosmetic evaluation was assessed with range-of-motion measurements and the criteria defined by Flynn et al. Results: No differences between groups were noted regarding gender, age, and follow-up periods. Operative time was significantly shorter in medial approach group [60.0 ± 14.5 vs. 75.8 ± 17.6 min (P = 0.002)]. Radiological measurements (Baumann, humero-capitellar, and carrying angles) were also similar between groups. When evaluated patients according to Flynn's criteria, for medial group, 31 cases (93.9%) had good–perfect result regarding ROM loss, whereas for posterior group 33 cases (97%) had good–perfect result. Regarding carrying angle change and posterior group were slightly better than medial group (perfect result observed in 91.1% vs 81.8%, respectively). The differences did not show statistical significance. Conclusion: In the treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in children, both surgical approaches revealed similar functional and radiological outcomes with shorter operative time when medial approach was utilized.
Borrowing of strength and study weights in multivariate and network meta-analysis

Multivariate and network meta-analysis have the potential for the estimated mean of one effect to borrow strength from the data on other effects of interest. The extent of this borrowing of strength is usually assessed informally. We present new mathematical definitions of ‘borrowing of strength’. Our main proposal is based on a decomposition of the score statistic, which we show can be interpreted as comparing the precision of estimates from the multivariate and univariate models. Our definition of borrowing of strength therefore emulates the usual informal assessment. We also derive a method for calculating study weights, which we embed into the same framework as our borrowing of strength statistics, so that percentage study weights can accompany the results from multivariate and network meta-analyses as they do in conventional univariate meta-analyses. Our proposals are illustrated using three meta-analyses involving correlated effects for multiple outcomes, multiple risk factor associations and multiple treatments (network meta-analysis).
Maternal serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations and neonatal bone mineralization: results from the Southampton Women’s Survey cohort1

Background: Studies in older adults and animals have suggested contrasting relations between bone health and different vitamin A compounds. To our knowledge, the associations between maternal vitamin A status and offspring bone development have not previously been elucidated. Objective: We examined the associations between maternal serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations during late pregnancy and offspring bone mineralization assessed at birth with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Design: In the Southampton Women’s Survey mother-offspring birth cohort, maternal health, lifestyle, and diet were assessed prepregnancy and at 11 and 34 wk of gestation. In late pregnancy, maternal serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations were measured. Offspring total body bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area (BA) were measured within 2 wk after birth. Results: In total, 520 and 446 mother-offspring pairs had measurements of maternal serum retinol and β-carotene, respectively. Higher maternal serum retinol in late pregnancy was associated with lower offspring total body BMC (β = −0.10 SD/SD; 95% CI: −0.19, −0.02; P = 0.020) and BA (β = −0.12 SD/SD; 95% CI: −0.20, −0.03; P = 0.009) but not BMD. Conversely, higher maternal serum β-carotene concentrations in late pregnancy were associated with greater total body BMC (β = 0.12 SD/SD; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21; P = 0.016) and BA (β = 0.12 SD/SD; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.22; P = 0.010) but not BMD. Conclusions: Maternal serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations had differing associations with offspring bone size and growth at birth: retinol was negatively associated with these measurements, whereas β-carotene was positively associated. These findings highlight the need for further investigation of the effects of maternal retinol and carotenoid status on offspring bone development.
Functional Renal Imaging with 2-Deoxy-2-18F-Fluorosorbitol PET in Rat Models of Renal Disorders

Precise regional quantitative assessment of renal function is limited with conventional 99mTc-labeled renal radiotracers. A recent study reported that the PET radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluorosorbitol (18F-FDS) has ideal pharmacokinetics for functional renal imaging. Furthermore, 18F-FDS is available via simple reduction from routinely used 18F-FDG. We aimed to further investigate the potential of 18F-FDS PET as a functional renal imaging agent using rat models of kidney disease. Methods: Two different rat models of renal impairment were investigated: induction of acute renal failure by intramuscular administration of glycerol in the hind legs, and induction of unilateral ureteral obstruction by ligation of the left ureter. At 24 h after these procedures, dynamic 30-min 18F-FDS PET data were acquired using a dedicated small-animal PET system. Urine 18F-FDS radioactivity 30 min after radiotracer injection was measured together with coinjected 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid urine activity. Results: Dynamic PET imaging demonstrated rapid 18F-FDS accumulation in the renal cortex and rapid radiotracer excretion via the kidneys in healthy control rats. On the other hand, significantly delayed renal radiotracer uptake (continuous slow uptake) was observed in acute renal failure rats and unilateral ureteral obstruction kidneys. Measured urine radiotracer concentrations of 18F-FDS and 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid correlated well with each other (R = 0.84, P < 0.05). Conclusion: 18F-FDS PET demonstrated favorable kinetics for functional renal imaging in rat models of kidney diseases. 18F-FDS PET imaging, with its advantages of high spatiotemporal resolution and simple tracer production, could potentially complement or replace conventional renal scintigraphy in select cases and significantly improve the diagnostic performance of renal functional imaging.
A Comparison Study on the Internet Addiction and Health Problems of Middle School Students between Urban and Rural Area

This study was conducted to investigate determinent factors of the internet addiction that have influenced on middle school students. We randomly selected each one middle school in urban and rural areas, and conducted survey in 862 students of 2nd and 3rd grade from September 1 to 15, 2005. By using a statistical program called SPSS10.0, the data collected thereby were analyzed through a series of statistical methods including -test, logistic regression analysis. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that the significant variables in urban area were resting time and using time a day. In rural area, sex, economic level, resting time and using time a day were significant variables. Higher status of internet addiction showed significant relationship with physical problems, anxiety, maladjustment to school, insufficient sleep time, fatigue in eyes, headache, pain in neck or shoulder, chronic fatigue, reduced vision, weight reduction, indigestion, xeroderma and adjustment to school. Especially, resting time and using time a day have dominant influence on internet addiction. And in case that the groups who showed high addiction tendency, there were negative health problem by physical, mental and social problem. To prevent internet addiction health education programs of right internet use and time, importance of rest, and health problems must be considered in internet addiction prevention policy.
KIAA1530 Protein Is Recruited by Cockayne Syndrome Complementation Group Protein A (CSA) to Participate in Transcription-coupled Repair (TCR)

Background: Mutations on the KIAA1530 gene cause UV sensitivity syndrome (UVsS). Results: KIAA1530 is recruited by the CSA protein to UV-damaged chromatin. CSA patient mutant W361C was unable to bind KIAA1530 and failed to recruit KIAA1530. Conclusion: UVsS is caused by defective KIAA1530 recruitment, either due to CSA or KIAA1530 mutations. Significance: This study provides new insights into TCR and UVsS. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is the major pathway involved in the removal of UV-induced photolesions from the transcribed strand of active genes. Two Cockayne syndrome (CS) complementation group proteins, CSA and CSB, are important for TCR repair. The molecular mechanisms by which CS proteins regulate TCR remain elusive. Here, we report the characterization of KIAA1530, an evolutionarily conserved protein that participates in this pathway through its interaction with CSA and the TFIIH complex. We found that UV irradiation led to the recruitment of KIAA1530 onto chromatin in a CSA-dependent manner. Cells lacking KIAA1530 were highly sensitive to UV irradiation and displayed deficiency in TCR. In addition, KIAA1530 depletion abrogated stability of the CSB protein following UV irradiation. More excitingly, we found that a unique CSA mutant (W361C), which was previously identified in a patient with UVsS syndrome, showed defective KIAA1530 binding and resulted in a failure of recruiting KIAA1530 and stabilizing CSB after UV treatment. Together, our data not only reveal that KIAA1530 is an important player in TCR but also lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying UVsS syndrome.
Contested socialisms: the conflict between critical sociology and reform economics in communist Hungary, 1967–71

Abstract This article explores the relationship between economics and sociology in communist Hungary in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The discussion is grounded in the two fields’ respective history from the 1940s through to the conservative political backlash between 1968 and 1975. The Brezhnevite assault brought havoc to Hungarian sociology and social theory but left economic research basically intact and unscathed. My curiosity is in the contrasting fortunes and differing experiences of the two disciplines. We have to ask why these two segments of social thought and intellectual life fared so differently in the storms that reached the shores of reform communist Hungary following the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. The answers to these questions are to be found in the historically contingent cultures of the two fields; in their differing identities and professional ethos; in their understanding of their place and role in society; in their internal politics; and in their relationship with the wider structures of political power and policymaking.
Innovation Under Regulatory Uncertainty: Evidence from Medical Technology

This paper explores how the regulatory approval process affects innovation incentives in medical technologies. Prior studies have found early mover regulatory advantages for drugs. I find the opposite for medical devices, where pioneer entrants spend 34 percent (7.2 months) longer than follow-on entrants in regulatory approval. Back-of-the- envelope calculations suggest that the cost of a delay of this length is upwards of 7 percent of the total cost of bringing a new high-risk device to market. Considering potential explanations, I find that approval times are largely unrelated to technological novelty, but are meaningfully reduced by the publication of objective regulatory guidelines. Finally, I consider how the regulatory process affects small firms' market entry patterns and find that small firms are less likely to be pioneers in new device markets, a fact consistent with relatively higher costs of doing so for more financially constrained firms.