Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identi fi cation of Phosphatin , a Drug Alleviating Phosphate Starvation Responses in Arabidopsis 1 [ C ]

Aix-Marseille Université, F–13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F–13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.); Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F–13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.); Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d’Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.); Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F–13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); and Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
Physical Training Increases Ventricular Fibrillation Thresholds of Isolated Rat Hearts During Normoxia, Hypoxia and Regional Ischemia

The effect of exercise training on cardiovascular mortality is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a period of treadmill training on the ventricular fibrillation threshold of the isolated rat heart. Trained hearts had higher threshold values during standard, control perfusion conditions, and when exposed to hypoxia, hypoxia plus isoproterenol infusion, or when subjected to coronary artery ligation. Myocardial metabolic studies failed to define the mechanism for the effect of running training. However, in coronary ligated hearts, the content of the arrhythmogenic substance 3′,5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was reduced in the ischemic zone of hearts from trained rats. Cyclic AMP levels were also lower in trained hearts during control perfusions. We conclude that running training increases the resistance of the heart to ventricular fibrillation by mechanisms that are largely unknown, although they may involve cyclic AMP.
Large-time behaviour of Hele-Shaw flow with injection or suction for perturbed balls in $R^N$

Large-time behaviour of Hele-Shaw ﬂow with surface tension and with injection or suction in one point is discussed. We consider domains which are initially small perturbations of balls. Radially symmetric solutions are stationary after a suitable time-dependent rescaling. The evolution of perturbations can be described by a non-local nonlinear parabolic evolution equation. Global existence results and decay properties are derived using energy estimates in Sobolev spaces. AMS
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AND RESISTANCE GENES IN ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATED FROM SHEEP GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN SLOVAKIA

Three hundred Enterococcus isolates from the rumen and faeces of three sheep were analysed for antibiotic resistance. Resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, and streptomycin was predominant, followed by erythromycin resistance. About 7% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin only. All tested isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. The presence of selected antibiotic resistance determinants was tested by PCR. No tested β-lactamase resistance determinant was detected in ampicillin resistant lactamase positive isolates. Both tet(M) and tet(L) tetracycline resistance determinants were detected. While tet(M) was predominant in both rumen and faecal isolates, clearly a higher frequency of tet(L) determinant was observed in rumen isolates. Among erythromycin resistant isolates, the erm(B) gene was detected only. From this data, it may be concluded that genotypically different enterococcal populations dwell in the upper and lower parts of sheep gastrointestinal tract.
“I don’t understand it either, but it is cool” - visitor interactions with a multi-touch table in a museum

Most tabletop research presents findings from lab-based user studies, focusing on specific interaction techniques. This means we still know little about how these new interfaces perform in real life settings and how users appropriate them. This paper presents findings from a field study of an existing interactive table in a museum of natural history. Visitors were found to employ a wide variety of gestures for interacting; different interface elements invited different types of gesture. The analysis highlights challenges and design conflicts in the design of tabletop interfaces for public settings, such as latency times and side-effects of dasiaframe-lesspsila content, which had some users struggling to learn how to interact. While the majority of visitors engaged at least briefly with the table, which enabled browsing question-answer text about animal species, talk amongst visitors dealt mainly with how to interact and evoked few comments, indicating shallow engagement with content.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes a Strength Model of Probability Judgments for Tournaments Plished by Estimating Two Strength Values for Each

to P(A ú B) and to P(B ú C), and a low value to P(A Fans of the National Basketball Association (NBA) ú C). Neither standard probability theory nor support assigned probability judgments to the outcomes of up-theory constrains the relationship among these three coming NBA games, and rated the strength of each estimates. Nevertheless, it is suggested that in many team involved. The probability judgments obtained situations people's judgments about the outcomes of a from these ''expert'' subjects exhibited high intersub-tournament may satisfy the following simple model. ject agreement and also corresponded closely to the Assume that for each team in the tournament, the eventual game outcomes. A simple model that associ-judge has a value s(A), interpreted as the strength of ates a single strength value with each team accurately team A. The judged probability that team A will beat accounted for the probability judgments and their re-team B, then, is given by the following strength model: lationship to the ratings of team strength. The results show that, in this domain at least, probability judgments can be derived from direct assessments of P(A ú B) Å s(A) s(A) / s(B) (1) strength which make no reference to chance or uncertainty. According to this model, the judged probabilities associated with the results of a tournament depend only on In a recent article, Tversky and Koehler (1994) pro-the strengths of the respective teams. In other words, posed a new model of subjective probability, called sup-the model assumes no interactions; no team is expected port theory, in which the judged probability of a hy-to play especially well or especially poorly against any pothesis is given by the support (or strength of evi-specific opponent. dence) of that hypothesis normalized relative to the It is convenient to restate the strength model in support of its alternative. Furthermore, it was sug-terms of the probability ratio R(A ú B) Å P(A ú B)/ gested that in some situations, probability judgments P(B ú A), that is, the odds for A against B. Assuming, can be predicted from independent ratings of evidence for simplicity, that all probabilities are positive, Eq. (1) strength. The present article extends these notions yields R(A ú B) Å s(A)/s(B). It is easy to verify that from judgments regarding a single process (e.g., the this model implies the following product rule: winner of a horse race) to judgments regarding multiple processes (e.g., the results …
Persistent Homology: An Introduction and a New Text Representation for Natural Language Processing

Persistent homology is a mathematical tool from topological data analysis. It performs multi-scale analysis on a set of points and identifies clusters, holes, and voids therein. These latter topological structures complement standard feature representations, making persistent homology an attractive feature extractor for artificial intelligence. Research on persistent homology for AI is in its infancy, and is currently hindered by two issues: the lack of an accessible introduction to AI researchers, and the paucity of applications. In response, the first part of this paper presents a tutorial on persistent homology specifically aimed at a broader audience without sacrificing mathematical rigor. The second part contains one of the first applications of persistent homology to natural language processing. Specifically, our Similarity Filtration with Time Skeleton (SIFTS) algorithm identifies holes that can be interpreted as semantic "tie-backs" in a text document, providing a new document structure representation. We illustrate our algorithm on documents ranging from nursery rhymes to novels, and on a corpus with child and adolescent writings.
Experience with Improving Distributed Shared Cache Performance on Tilera's Tile Processor

This paper describes our experience with profiling and optimizing physical locality for the distributed shared cache (DSC) in Tilera's Tile multicore processor. Our approach uses the Tile Processor's hardware performance measurement counters (PMCs) to acquire page-level access pattern profiles. A key problem we address is imprecise PMC interrupts. Our profiling tools use binary analysis to correct for interrupt ``skid,'' thus pinpointing individual memory operations that incur remote DSC slice references and permitting us to sample their access patterns. We use our access pattern profiles to drive page homing optimizations for both heap and static data objects. Our experiments show we can improve physical locality for 5 out of 11 SPLASH2 benchmarks running on 32 cores, enabling 32.9%--77.9% of DSC references to target the local DSC slice. To our knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate page homing optimizations on a real system.
The Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Initial Virologic Response of a Triple–Protease Inhibitor Salvage Regimen Containing Amprenavir, Saquinavir, and Ritonavir

Summary:The aim of this study was to quantify the change in saquinavir and amprenavir exposure when combined and used with low-dose ritonavir; to evaluate 24-week safety and immunologic and virologic response. It was a randomized, nonblinded, prospective study. There were 11 HIV-1–infected, antiretroviral-experienced, male and female subjects ≥18 years old, median HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell count of 4.86 log copies/mL and 106 cells/mm3, respectively. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive saquinavir 1000 mg/ritonavir 100 mg every 12 hours or amprenavir 600 mg/ritonavir 100 mg every 12 hours for 7 days. After 12-hour pharmacokinetic sampling, the third protease inhibitor (PI) was added, and pharmacokinetics sampling was repeated 14 days later. Subsequent PI dosage adjustments were based on real-time pharmacokinetic assessment. Saquinavir did not affect amprenavir or ritonavir pharmacokinetics. Amprenavir decreased area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0–12h) and C12h for saquinavir 82 and 61%, and 74 and 75% for ritonavir. An adjusted PI regimen of amprenavir 600 mg/saquinavir 1400 mg/ritonavir 200 mg every 12 hours returned saquinavir exposure to baseline. At 24 weeks, HIV RNA declined a median of 1.55 log copies/mL and CD4+ T-cell counts increased a median of 52 cells/mm3. Gastrointestinal events predominated and were mild to moderate. These data suggest that amprenavir/saquinavir/ritonavir may be a viable salvage regimen in heavily PI-experienced individuals. New formulations of amprenavir and saquinavir may simplify this regimen.
Emergency surgery in colorectal cancer: experience of a county hospital at a 10-year interval. Comparison of immediate postoperative results.

UNLABELLED A great majority of procedures for colorectal cancer are performed as emergencies, implying a high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the immediate postoperative results of emergency procedures for colorectal cancer between a 10 year interval in a single centre. We performed a retrospective research of the patients files, totalizing 24 emergency operations in 2001 and 22 emergency operations in 2011. We followed demographic data, the complication which lead to emergency surgery, the time interval between the onset of the complication and the time of surgery, the type of procedure performed, postoperative morbidity and mortality. In 2001 we noticed morbidity in 66.66% of the cases (16 patients)and a mortality of 41.66% (10 patients), while in 2011 the postoperative morbidity was 54.54% (12 patients) and a mortality of 36.36% (8 patients). CONCLUSION although both morbidity and mortality rates decreased in a 10 year interval, they still present high values, and the difference is not statistically significant(p = 0.21 and 0.40).
Explorer Beetle II : A System for Tutoring and Computational Linguistics Experimentation

We present BEETLE II, a tutorial dialogue system designed to accept unrestricted language input and support experimentation with different tutorial planning and dialogue strategies. Our first system evaluation used two different tutorial policies and demonstrated that the system can be successfully used to study the impact of different approaches to tutoring. In the future, the system can also be used to experiment with a variety of natural language interpretation and generation techniques.
Glycomacropeptide and alpha-lactalbumin supplementation of infant formula affects growth and nutritional status in infant rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND Advances in dairy technology make it possible to enrich infant formula with specific bovine milk components that may enhance nutrient status. Glycomacropeptide, a carbohydrate-rich casein peptide, may increase absorption of calcium, iron, or zinc. alpha-Lactalbumin, a major breast-milk protein, may contribute to a balanced amino acid pattern and increase calcium and zinc absorption. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of glycomacropeptide- and alpha-lactalbumin-supplemented infant formula on growth; trace mineral status; iron, zinc, and calcium absorption; and plasma amino acid, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma insulin concentrations. DESIGN Infant rhesus monkeys (n = 5 infants per group) were breastfed or fed control or alpha-lactalbumin- or glycomacropeptide-supplemented formula from birth to 4 mo of age. Hematologic measures and growth were assessed monthly. Mineral absorption was measured with radioisotopes and whole body counting. RESULTS Infants fed glycomacropeptide had higher food intake than did other formula-fed infants. Infants fed glycomacropeptide or control formula had higher hematocrit values than did infants that were breastfed or fed alpha-lactalbumin. Infants fed glycomacropeptide or control formula had higher plasma zinc and zinc absorption than did breastfed infants. Where differences were observed, breastfed infants and infants fed alpha-lactalbumin had similar plasma essential amino acid and insulin profiles, which were different from those of infants fed glycomacropeptide or control formula. CONCLUSIONS Glycomacropeptide- or alpha-lactalbumin-supplemented formula has no adverse effects on nutritional status in infant monkeys. Glycomacropeptide supplementation increases zinc absorption, which may permit the reduction of formula zinc concentrations, and alpha-lactalbumin supplementation promotes a plasma amino acid pattern similar to that of breastfed infant monkeys.
Isolation of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria from Urban Surface Waters in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND This was a preliminary study to test for the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in Malaysian urban surface waters. Although the literature review revealed several published papers on clinical ESBL isolates in Malaysia, none were found on ESBL isolates obtained from local surface waters. METHODS Isolated bacterial species were tested for resistance to cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate and aztreonam, and susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion. This served as a screening step to detect bacteria that could be potential ESBL species. 16S ribose ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with two clusters of bla (β-lactamase) gene primers was used to test for the bla genes CTX-M (Groups 1, 2, 9), OXA-1, SHV and TEM. RESULTS A total of 19 isolates were found, possessing at least one of the bla genes tested for. There was a relatively high occurrence of CTX-M genes (84.2%) among these, followed by TEM genes (47.4%). The isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae (89.5%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION There appears to be a high occurrence of ESBL-bacteria in local surface waters, among these being opportunistic pathogens. The persistence and spread of these species in the environment poses a threat to exposed human populations.
Massive cortical reorganization in sighted Braille readers

The brain is capable of large-scale reorganization in blindness or after massive injury. Such reorganization crosses the division into separate sensory cortices (visual, somatosensory.). As its result, the visual cortex of the blind becomes active during tactile Braille reading. Although the possibility of such reorganization in the normal, adult brain has been raised, definitive evidence has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate such extensive reorganization in normal, sighted adults who learned Braille while their brain activity was investigated with fMRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects showed enhanced activity for tactile reading in the visual cortex, including the visual word form area (VWFA) that was modulated by their Braille reading speed and strengthened resting-state connectivity between visual and somatosensory cortices. Moreover, TMS disruption of VWFA activity decreased their tactile reading accuracy. Our results indicate that large-scale reorganization is a viable mechanism recruited when learning complex skills. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10762. 001
Thrombin Stimulates Human Endothelial Arginase Enzymatic Activity via RhoA/ROCK Pathway: Implications for Atherosclerotic Endothelial Dysfunction

Background—Arginase competes with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for the substrate l-arginine and decreases NO production. This study investigated regulatory mechanisms of arginase activity in endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—In human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins, thrombin concentration- and time-dependently stimulated arginase enzymatic activity, reaching a 1.9-fold increase (P<0.001) at 1 U/mL for 24 hours. The effect of thrombin was prevented by C3 exoenzyme or the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin, which inhibit RhoA, or by the ROCK inhibitors Y-27632 and HA-1077. Adenoviral expression of constitutively active RhoA or ROCK mutants enhanced arginase activity (≈3-fold, P<0.001), and the effect of active RhoA mutant was inhibited by the ROCK inhibitors. Neither thrombin nor the active RhoA/ROCK mutants affected arginase II protein level, the only isozyme detectable in the cells. Moreover, a significantly higher arginase II activity (1.5-fold, not the protein level) and RhoA protein level (4-fold) were observed in atherosclerotic aortas of apoE−/− compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, l-arginine (1 mmol/L), despite a significantly higher eNOS expression in aortas of apoE−/− mice, evoked a more pronounced contraction, which was reverted to a greater vasodilation by the arginase inhibitor l-norvaline (20 mmol/L) compared with the wild-type animals (n=5, P<0.001). Conclusions—Thrombin enhances arginase activity via RhoA/ROCK in human endothelial cells. Higher arginase enzymatic activity is involved in atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction in apoE−/− mice. Targeting vascular arginase may represent a novel therapeutic possibility for atherosclerosis.
MHD simulation of magnetic reconnection and magnetic substorms

Magnetic reconnection based on the resistive and Hall MHD equations are reviewed. It is found from both theory and simulation that the impulsive reconnection can be achieved in the resistive and Hall MHD by imposing suitable boundary conditions. All results from resistive and Hall MHD indicate that reconnection processes contain two phases: slow growth phase and impulsive phase, and between them there is a sudden change of growth rate. However, the distribution and magnitude of the parallel electric field in the Hall MHD reconnection are much broader and larger than ones in the resistive MHD reconnection. Furthermore, nonlinear reconnection rate in the Hall MHD is nearly independent in the Lundquist number. The application of the impulsive magnetic reconnection to substorms in the magnetotail is presented.
Prediction of fracture risk in men: A cohort study

FRAX is a tool that identifies individuals with high fracture risk who will benefit from pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis. However, a majority of fractures among elderly occur in people without osteoporosis and most occur after a fall. Our aim was to accurately identify men with a high future risk of fracture, independent of cause. In the population‐based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and using survival analysis we studied different models' prognostic values (R2) for any fracture and hip fracture within 10 years from age 50 (n = 2322), 60 (n = 1852), 71 (n = 1221), and 82 (n = 526) years. During the total follow‐up period from age 50 years, 897 fractures occurred in 585 individuals. Of these, 281 were hip fractures occurring in 189 individuals. The rates of any fracture were 5.7/1000 person‐years at risk from age 50 years and 25.9/1000 person‐years at risk from age 82 years. Corresponding hip fractures rates were 2.9 and 11.7/1000 person‐years at risk. The FRAX model included all variables in FRAX except bone mineral density. The full model combining FRAX variables, comorbidity, medications, and behavioral factors explained 25% to 45% of all fractures and 80% to 92% of hip fractures, depending on age. The corresponding prognostic values of the FRAX model were 7% to 17% for all fractures and 41% to 60% for hip fractures. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) comparing the full model with the FRAX model ranged between 40% and 53% for any fracture and between 40% and 87% for hip fracture. Within the highest quintile of predicted fracture risk with the full model, one‐third of the men will have a fracture within 10 years after age 71 years and two‐thirds after age 82 years. We conclude that the addition of comorbidity, medication, and behavioral factors to the clinical components of FRAX can substantially improve the ability to identify men at high risk of fracture, especially hip fracture. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.