Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author's response to reviews Rationale, design and conduct of a comprehensive evaluation of a primary care based intervention to Title: improve the quality of life of osteoarthritis patients. The PraxArt-project: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) has a high prevalence in primary care. Conservative, guideline orientated approaches aiming at improving pain treatment and increasing physical activity, have been proven to be effective in several contexts outside the primary care setting, as for instance the Arthritis Self management Programs (ASMPs). But it remains unclear if these comprehensive evidence based approaches can improve patients’ quality of life if they are provided in a primary care setting. Methods/Design PraxArt is a cluster randomised controlled trial with GPs as the unit of randomisation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive evidence based medical education of GPs on individual care and patients’ quality of life. 75 GPs were randomised either to intervention group I or II or to a control group. Each GP will include 15 patients suffering from osteoarthritis according to the criteria of ACR. In intervention group I GPs will receive medical education and patient education leaflets including a physical exercise program. In intervention group II the same is provided, but in addition a practice nurse will be trained to monitor via monthly telephone calls adherence to GPs prescriptions and advices and ask about increasing pain and possible side effects of medication. In the control group no intervention will be applied at all. Main outcome measurement for patients’ QoL is the GERMAN-AIMS2-SF questionnaire. In addition data about patients’ satisfaction (using a modified EUROPEP-tool), medication, health care utilization, comorbidity, physical activity and depression (using PHQ-9) will be retrieved. Measurements (pre data collection) will take place in months I-III, starting in June 2005. Post data collection will be performed after 6 months. Discussion Despite the high prevalence and increasing incidence, comprehensive and evidence based treatment approaches for OA in a primary care setting are neither established nor evaluated in Germany. If the evaluation of the presented approach reveals a clear benefit it is planned to provide this GP-centred interventions on a much larger scale.
Community and Market in England: Open Fields and Enclosures Revisited

Opposition between 'community' and 'market' originated with nineteenthcentury social theorists like Marx (1867) and Tonnies (1887), who contrasted the modern, capitalist world with a preceding feudal or communal world. The modern world was seen as rational, efficient, and progressive. Economic activities were coordinated by the market and economic agents responded to prices. In contrast, the earlier communal world was seen as irrational and stagnant. Tradition governed economic behavior and thwarted progress. Redistribution rather than growth was the goal. The replacement of 'community' by 'market' was essential for economic progress. These views have been elaborated in the twentieth century by Polanyi (1944), Geertz (1963), and Scott (1976). Agrarian organization was the prime example of this dichotomy. In this case, 'community' meant the open field village. Open field agriculture was widespread (but not universal) in England and on the continent. Settlement in open field areas was in nucleated villages rather than dispersed farms and hamlets. Each farmer's land consisted of strips scattered uniformly around the village. The strips were grouped in great fields (usually two or three), which served as crop rotation units. In the case of the three field system, for instance, all the land in one field was planted with a winter grain (wheat or rye), another was planted with a spring crop (oats, barley, beans, or peas), while the third was left fallow. In addition to the arable, there was some meadow and rough pasture. The latter was owned collectively and managed as a common on which the village livestock was grazed. The village herd was also grazed on the fallow field and the cropped fields after the harvest. In this way, the land was fertilized and weeded. While there were elements of private ownership in this system-each farmer owned particular strips in the fields-there were significant communal aspects: The common pasture was collectively owned and managed, and the village herd was also grazed in common on the fallow field. For that to happen, all of the
OF HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP AUGMENTATION FOR LAMINAR FLOW IN SPIRALLY ENHANCED TUBES

The effect of the internal helical ridging on the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor is experimentally investigated for laminar internal flow of a Newtonian fluid in the case of uniform wall heat flux. Five different geometries are considered. The results are compared with the results of previous investigations and with the predictions for the smooth tube in order to point out the heat transfer enhancement and the friction factor increase in the laminar flow field.
WYSIWYF Display: A Visual/Haptic Interface to Virtual Environment

To build a VR training system for visuomotor skills, an image displayed by a visual interface should be correctly registered to a haptic interface so that the visual sensation and the haptic sensation are both spatially and temporally consistent. In other words, it is desirable that what you see is what you feel (WYSIWYF). In this paper, we propose a method that can realize correct visual/haptic registration, namely WYSIWYF, by using a vision-based, object-tracking technique and a video-keying technique. Combining an encountered-type haptic device with a motion-command-type haptic rendering algorithm makes it possible to deal with two extreme cases (free motion and rigid constraint). This approach provides realistic haptic sensations, such as free-to-touch and move-and-collide. We describe a first prototype and illustrate its use with several demonstrations. The user encounters the haptic device exactly when his or her hand reaches a virtual object in the display. Although this prototype has some remaining technical problems to be solved, it serves well to show the validity of the proposed approach.
Detrmination of Organophosphorus Pesticides (Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos) in Water Resources in Barzok, Kashan

Article history: Received: 23 Oct 2011 Accepted: 23 Nov 2011 Available online: 24 Oct 2012 ZJRMS 2012; 14(10): 66-72 Background: 2T he growing population and increasing needs to agricultural products increased use of pesticides resulting in contamination of the environment, including water. The purpose of this study was to 2Tdetermination2T of 2Tpesticide residues2T in agricultural water resources in Barzok city of Kashan in 2011. Materials and Methods: 2T his study as a descriptive and cross-sectional study that was conducted at spring season. That totals of 135 samples of the agricultural water resources of Barzok were 2Tcollected 2T randomly and mixtures from different stations. After extraction and preparation of samples, the 2Tpesticide residues2T were determined by using the HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) devices and CATS4 software. Finally, obtained data were analyzed by using ANOVA statistical 2Tmethods2T. Results: 2T he results of this study showed that maximum amount of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been 22.43 and 11.79 ppm respectively, and the2T pesticide residues2T have declined gradually overtime of (p<0.001). Furthermore, after a month 95.9% of Chlorpyrifos and 88.8% of diazinon is degraded. Conclusion: 2TAccordingly, the remaining of diazinon and chlorpyrifos after a month of spraying was higher than determined limited standards. Because Chlorpyrifos is broken down rapidly more than diazinon, it is recommended that besides educating farmers on the proper use of pesticides, unnecessary contact with the water resources of this region must stop at least one month after spraying. Copyright © 2012 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Recursive Grounding Pruning Input Language the skis of the man in the red jacket skis of man in red jacket RvG-Tree Constructor

Grounding natural language in images, such as localizing “the black dog on the left of the tree”, is one of the core problems in artificial intelligence, as it needs to comprehend the fine-grained and compositional language space. However, existing solutions rely on the association between the holistic language features and visual features, while neglect the nature of compositional reasoning implied in the language. In this paper, we propose a natural language grounding model that can automatically compose a binary tree structure for parsing the language and then perform visual reasoning along the tree in a bottom-up fashion. We call our model RVG-TREE: Recursive Grounding Tree, which is inspired by the intuition that any language expression can be recursively decomposed into two constituent parts, and the grounding confidence score can be recursively accumulated by calculating their grounding scores returned by sub-trees. RVG-TREE can be trained end-to-end by using the Straight-Through Gumbel-Softmax estimator that allows the gradients from the continuous score functions passing through the discrete tree construction. Experiments on several benchmarks show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance with more explainable reasoning.
Development and evaluation of a soft wearable weight support device for reducing muscle fatigue on shoulder

Compensating the weight of human limbs is important in reducing muscle fatigue experienced by manual laborers. In this study, a compact and lightweight soft wearable weight support device was developed and evaluated. The device supports gravitational force on the shoulder at any arm posture, although there are some limitations in its assistive performance. The device actuator consists of a cam-rod structure, a tendon-driven mechanism, and a rubber band. The desired assistive torque is translated to the shoulder joint along a tendon routing structure. Device performance was evaluated by measuring muscle activation in with-assist and without-assist conditions. Muscle activation on the deltoid was measured by surface electromyography. An experimental protocol consisting of a series of exercises was executed with six healthy subjects. The subjects raised and lowered their arm from 0 to 100 degrees for 30 times under eight conditions, which were combined with-assist and without-assist conditions, and holding the horizontal angle of the arm at 0, 30, 60, or 90 degrees against the sagittal plane. Surface electromyography data were pre-processed and analyzed using a root mean square method. When muscle fatigue occurs, the root mean square of the surface electromyography increases nonlinearly. This was calculated using the standard deviation of the root mean square. Three of six subjects showed decreased variation of the root mean square between the exercises in the with-assist condition. One subject’s result was significantly reduced (by about 57.6%) in the with-assist condition. In contrast, two subjects did not show significant difference between measurements taken in the with-assist and without-assist conditions. One subject was dropped from the experiment because the device did not fit the subject’s body. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the soft wearable weight support device in supporting shoulder movements was verified through the decreased variation of muscle activation.
A low time complexity defect-tolerance algorithm for nanoelectronic crossbar

Emerging nanoelectronic technologies are expected to extend the conventional integrated circuits beyond CMOS. However, the bottom-up self-assembly fabrication process of nanoelectronic devices results in higher defect density. Thus, crafted defect-tolerance techniques are urgently needed. In this paper, we present a low time complexity algorithm for application-independent defect-tolerance of nanoelectronic crossbars. The algorithm improves the performance through mixing the key ideas from two state-of-the-art algorithms. The algorithm offers similar (above 90%) defect-free subcrossbar sizes compared to the current best algorithm as the results show over a set of samples with various crossbar sizes and defect densities, but the time complexity is reduced from O(n3) down to O(n2). Thus, our algorithm is more suitable for defect-tolerance of reconfigurable nanoelectronic crossbar due to the per-chip basis.
Effect of Sustained Deficit Irrigation and Rice Straw Mulching on Yield and Fruit Quality of Manzanillo Olive Trees .

The study was carried out during 2012, 2013 seasons onolive trees (Olea europaea L.) cv. Manzanillo grown at El-Maghara Experiment Station, Sinai, Egypt. Selected treeswere planted at 5x5 meters apart in sandy soil, watered from wells using drip irrigation system. The trial was a factorial experiment,hence sustained deficit irrigation100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, or 50% from crop evapotranspiration (Etc)throughout season, the occupied mainplot, whereas rice straw mulching at 1680, 2520 and 3360 kg/f located in the subplots, during summer months until harvest date. The results showed that total yield per tree, fruit quality i.e weight, volume, length, width, flesh thickness and moisture content, besidessaponification number of oil recorded the highest values with higher both irrigation level and mulching rate treatments. On the contrary the amount of extracted oil, oil acidity value and water used efficiency showed an adverse correlation with irrigation level and mulching rate treatment. Applying mulching in summer enhanced yield and fruit quality. Furthermore, sustained irrigation deficit and mulch treatment had an efficient strategy for arid and semi-arid regions. Olive cultivar Manzanillo planted in arid and semi-arid condition depended on irrigation from wells and limited water preferably to be used for the purpose of oil production. Consequently sustained irrigation deficit (100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50ETc) provided with rice straw mulching at 1680, 2520 and 3360 kg/f could be used as an efficient strategy for Manzanillo olive trees grown for oil production in arid and semi-arid regions with limited water resources. Key word:Manzanillo olive Sustained deficit irrigation – Mulching – YieldFruit Quality.
Practical Estimation of Rapidly Varying Channels for OFDM Systems

We propose a novel pilot-aided algorithm for estimation of rapidly varying wireless channels in OFDM systems. Our approach is specifically designed for channels varying on the scale of a single OFDM symbol duration, which occur, for example, in mobile WiMAX, WAVE, and DVB-T. From the pilot information, we recover information about the channel taps in the framework of the Basis Expansion Model (BEM). We derive explicit formulas for the BEM coefficients in terms of the receive signal. Algebraically, the algorithm is FFT-based, and can be easily implemented in hardware. For a system with L channels taps, our method uses O(L log L) operations and O(L) memory per OFDM symbol. This complexity is the best possible up to the order of magnitude. Previously published methods require O(L2) operations and O(L2) memory. Numerical simulations illustrate performance gains achieved by our estimator at sufficiently high Doppler frequencies. Our approach does not assume any prior statistical information.
Joint Arabic Segmentation and Part-Of-Speech Tagging

Arabic has a very co mp lex morphological system, though a very structured one. Character patterns are often indicative of word class and word segmentation. In this paper, we e xplore a novel approach to Arabic word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging relying on character info rmation. The approach is lexicon-free and does not require any morphological analysis, eliminat ing the factor of dictionary coverage. Using character-based analysis, the developed system yielded stateof-the-art accuracy comparing favourably with other taggers that involve external resources.
Tactics for Information Search in a Public and an Academic Library Catalog with Faceted Interfaces

This study examined a large number of searches conducted when the users are interacting with two Endeca-based faceted library catalogs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [UNC] Library catalog and Phoenix Public Library [PPL] catalog). The goal is to investigate people’s search tactics with the faceted catalogs in an academic library and a public library environment. Two large data sets (with 504,142 logs for 40 days, and 1,010,239 logs for 60 days respectively) are analyzed. State transition analysis and maximal repeating patterns [MRP] analysis are conducted to identify the search tactics and action patterns. The results have both implications for designers in developing faceted library catalogs, and methodological contributions to the empirical research on faceted search systems.
Paternal inheritance of growth in fish pursuing alternative reproductive tactics

In species with indeterminate growth, age-related size variation of reproductive competitors within each sex is often high. This selects for divergence in reproductive tactics of same-sex competitors, particularly in males. Where alternative tactics are fixed for life, the causality of tactic choice is often unclear. In the African cichlid Lamprologus callipterus, large nest males collect and present empty snail shells to females that use these shells for egg deposition and brood care. Small dwarf males attempt to fertilize eggs by entering shells in which females are spawning. The bourgeois nest males exceed parasitic dwarf males in size by nearly two orders of magnitude, which is likely to result from greatly diverging growth patterns. Here, we ask whether growth patterns are heritable in this species, or whether and to which extent they are determined by environmental factors. Standardized breeding experiments using unrelated offspring and maternal half-sibs revealed highly divergent growth patterns of male young sired by nest or dwarf males, whereas the growth of female offspring of both male types did not differ. As expected, food had a significant modifying effect on growth, but neither the quantity of breeding substrate in the environment nor ambient temperature affected growth. None of the environmental factors tested influenced the choice of male life histories. We conclude that in L. callipterus growth rates of bourgeois and parasitic males are paternally inherited, and that male and female growth is phenotypically plastic to only a small degree.
Evaluation of sorafenib treatment and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study using the propensity score matching method

While sorafenib (SFN) is the established worldwide standard therapeutic agent for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is also considered a favorable treatment for some advanced HCCs. This study aimed to evaluate each treatment and provide an optimal therapeutic choice for advanced HCCs. We analyzed 72 patients treated with SFN and 128 patients receiving HAIC. Both treatment groups were analyzed for prognostic and disease progression factors, and matched pair analysis was performed using the propensity score matching method. The preferable status of intrahepatic lesions, that is, no lesions or only a single (<3 cm) intrahepetic lesion, was positively associated with good prognosis and negatively associated with disease progression in the SFN group. Maximum tumor size (>5 cm) and low albumin (≤3.4 g/dL) were poor prognostic and disease progression factors in the HAIC group. Analysis of 53 patients selected from each of the SFN and HAIC groups based on the propensity score matching method showed no significant differences in survival or disease progression between the two matched subgroups. On the other hand, progression‐free survival (PFS) in the HAIC‐matched subgroup was significantly longer than in the SFN‐matched subgroup, particularly in patients with portal vein invasion (PVI) and/or without extrahepatic spread (EHS). The treatment efficacy of HAIC is similar to that of SFN regarding survival and disease progression. Longer PFS might be expected for HAIC compared with SFN, particularly in patients with PVI and/or without EHS.
Fiscal variables and bond spreads – evidence from Eastern European countries and Turkey

We investigate the impact of fiscal variables on bond yield spreads relative to US Treasury bonds in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Turkey from May 1998 to December 2007. To account for the importance of market expectations we use projected values for fiscal and macroeconomic variables generated from Consensus Economics Forecasts. Moreover, we compare results from panel regressions with those from country (seemingly unrelated regression) estimates. We find that, contrary to the evidence suggested by panel estimations, the role of the individual explanatory variables, including the importance of fiscal variables, varies significantly across countries when using the SUR specification.
The Distribution of Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech : Empirical Observations and Theoretical Implications Advisor :

Speech disfluencies, or hesitation phenomena such as silent or filled pauses, false starts, repetitions and repairs, are prevalent in spontaneous speech. Even normally perceived fluent speakers can have a disfluency rate somewhere between 6 and 10 disfluent words per 100 words (F. Ferreira & Bailey, 2004; Shriberg & Stolcke, 1996; Rochester, 1973). The occurrence of disfluencies in spontaneous speech is in fact not random e.g., (Clark & Tree, 2002; Shriberg, 1994; Holmes, 1988). Sentence length, complexity, lexical context, as well as prosodic phrasing have all been shown to correlate with the likelihood of observing some forms of disfluencies in natural speech (Goldman-Eisler, 1958; Tannenbaum, Williams, & Hillier, 1965; Beattie & Butterworth, 1979; Bell et al., 2003; Nakatani & Hirschberg, 1994; Lickley, 2015). On the other hand, hesitation markers can also be in the expressive armory of a speaker to signal a delay or mark the discourse structure of one’s speech (Swerts, 1998; Clark & Tree, 2002). Evidence from research in the past decades has highlighted the needs of a thorough understanding of disfluencies in spontaneous speech to benefit areas that require knowledge on spontaneous speech, such as in psycholinguistic and clinical investigations of language production, sociolinguitic research in language variation and change, as well as various aspects in speech technology. Models of speech production often cite evidence from disfluencies, because the correspondence between symptoms of disfluent speech and various linguistic variables can be used to infer breakdowns during the production process (Levelt, 1983; Holmes, 1988; V. S. Ferreira & Pashler, 2002). Since early observations from samples of spontaneous speech (Maclay & Osgood, 1959; Goldman-Eisler, 1958), studies have found evidence in support of the idea that speech production is a hierarchical process (Levelt, 1983, 1989). In these models, language production is achieved through passing down an abstract idea through several stages involving syntactic planning, lexical selection and access, as well as phonological planning and motor control for articulation, to the physical product of acoustic signals. In this picture, disfluenies inevitably happen at all the stages involved in the production process. To understand the cognitive mechanism behind speech production is thus among the key motivations in disfluency research. Disfluent speech is not only resulted from breakdowns in the process of speech production driven by speaker’s cognitive ability. Evidence has suggested that contextual variables, such as