Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cerebral White Matter Damage in Preterm Infants Using 1H and 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The biochemical characteristics of white matter damage (WMD) in preterm infants were assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The authors hypothesized that preterm infants with WMD at term had a persisting cerebral lactic alkalosis and reduced N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), similar to that previously documented in term infants weeks after perinatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI). Thirty infants (gestational age 27.9 ± 3.1 weeks, birth weight 1122 ± 445 g) were studied at postnatal age of 9.8 ± 4.1 weeks (corrected age 40.3 ± 3.9 weeks). Infants were grouped according to the presence or absence of WMD on magnetic resonance (MR) images. The peak area ratios of lactate/Cr, NAA/Cr, myo-inositol/Cr, and choline (Cho)/Cr were measured from an 8-cm3 voxel in the posterior periventricular white matter (WM) using proton MRS. Intracellular pH (pHi) was calculated using phosphorus MRS. Eighteen infants had normal WM on MR imaging; 12 had WMD. For infants with WMD, lactate/Cr and myo-inositol/Cr were related (P < 0.01); lactate/Cr and pHi were not (P = 0.8). In the WMD group, mean lactate/Cr and myo-inositol/Cr were higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) than the normal WM group. There was no difference in the NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, or pHi between the two groups, although pHi was not measured in all infants. These findings suggest that WMD in the preterm infant at term has a different biochemical profile compared with the term infant after perinatal HI.
Short report Further efforts in validating a 'spurning scale' for teachers

The present study represents our continuing effort to validate a 'spurning scale' for teachers, based on a model on spurned helpers' reactions. Three approaches were used to examine the validity of the scale: the spurning scores of teachers working with more achieving students vs the scores of teachers teaching less achieving students. The relationships between the spurning scores and job satisfaction and turnover scores; and the relationships between the spurning scores and scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's students and supervisor. Serving teachers in Hong Kong responded to a questionnaire that contained the variables of interest. The results provided further evidence for the validity of the scale.
Job satisfaction in the judiciary

This article examines job satisfaction among judicial officers in Australia. Increasing numbers of women have entered the judiciary and their job satisfaction is a key route to understanding their experiences of this elite role. This paper applies concepts of job satisfaction to the judiciary and investigates gender differences. Data from two national surveys demonstrate that women and men across the Australian judiciary express very high levels of overall job satisfaction, though areas of dissatisfaction exist, in particular regarding work–life balance. Gender differences do not appear to be direct, but mediated by other characteristics which are gender-related. Broadly, these findings demonstrate that a full understanding of job satisfaction now requires attention to family/domestic demands and commitments and the workplace context, as well as to the intrinsic nature of the work and the extrinsic characteristics of the job.
Transplant Tolerance Associated With a Th1 Response and Not Broken by IL-4, IL-5, and TGF-&bgr; Blockade or Th1 Cytokine Administration

Background. Specific transplant tolerance is mediated by CD4+ T cells that die unless supported by T-cell derived cytokines and donor antigen. This study examined the role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the maintenance of tolerance. Methods. Tolerance to fully allogeneic PVG cardiac allografts in DA rats was induced by short-term anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody therapy. Responses of tolerant cells to donor and third party antigen were assessed in vivo by examination of the infiltrate in the heart and application of skin grafts, and in vitro in mixed lymphocyte culture. Cell subsets were stained, induction of cytokine mRNA assayed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the role of cytokines determined by treating with blocking monoclonal antibody to cytokines or cytokine administration. Results. Tolerated grafts had a T cell and macrophage infiltrate with increased mRNA for Th1 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-&ggr; but not Th2 cytokines. Peripheral lymphocytes proliferated in mixed lymphocyte culture and expressed Th1 cytokine mRNA. Tolerant hosts accepted PVG and rejected Lewis skin allografts and the lymph nodes draining both these grafts had similar induction of Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA. Treatment of tolerant rats with Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-&ggr;, and IL-12p70 or monoclonal antibody that blocked IL-4, IL-5, and transforming growth factor-&bgr; did not prevent acceptance of PVG skin grafts. Conclusions. These studies in a model of tolerance regulated by CD4+CD25+ T cells demonstrated there was no defect in Th1 responses. Tolerance was due to regulation that was not solely dependent on IL-4, IL-5, or transforming growth factor-&bgr; and was not inactivated or overwhelmed by administration of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, IFN-&ggr; or IL-12p70.
Networks and Epidemics 4 Connectivity and Poisson Approximation 31

2 Inaugurated by D. Bernoulli (1700-1782), the analysis of epidemics and their dissemination have been studied by various mathematicians. The benets from epidemic modelling are threefold: understanding mechanisms of spread of epidemics, predicting their future course and developing strategies to control them. Recently, epidemic algorithms (also known as gossip algorithms) have been proposed as means to disseminate information in large scale settings, such as the Internet, or Peer-to-Peer networks. Such algorithms operate by letting desired information spread in a distributed system as an epidemic would spread throughout a group of susceptible individuals. Their study has provided a renewed impetus in the study of epidemics. This course will give an introduction to deterministic and stochastic models of epidemics ; with a special focus on coupling methods, Poisson approximation and branching processes. This will be illustrated by examples of human diseases, spread of rumours and dissemination of information.
Structure of the Three N-Terminal Immunoglobulin Domains of the Highly Immunogenic Outer Capsid Protein from a T4-Like Bacteriophage

ABSTRACT The head of bacteriophage T4 is decorated with 155 copies of the highly antigenic outer capsid protein (Hoc). One Hoc molecule binds near the center of each hexameric capsomer. Hoc is dispensable for capsid assembly and has been used to display pathogenic antigens on the surface of T4. Here we report the crystal structure of a protein containing the first three of four domains of Hoc from bacteriophage RB49, a close relative of T4. The structure shows an approximately linear arrangement of the protein domains. Each of these domains has an immunoglobulin-like fold, frequently found in cell attachment molecules. In addition, we report biochemical data suggesting that Hoc can bind to Escherichia coli, supporting the hypothesis that Hoc could attach the phage capsids to bacterial surfaces and perhaps also to other organisms. The capacity for such reversible adhesion probably provides survival advantages to the bacteriophage.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA GAYA HIDUP DAN KELAS SOSIAL DENGAN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF PADA REMAJA DI SMA TRIMURTI SURABAYA

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gaya hidup dan kelas sosial, hubungan antara gaya hidup dan perilaku konsumtif, serta hubungan antara gaya hidup dan kelas sosial secara bersama-sama dengan perilaku konsumtif pada siswa di SMA Trimurti Surabaya. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian adalah 186 siswa yang sesuai dengan karakteristik yang akan di teliti dengan rentang umur antara 15 sampai 18 tahun. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik sample proporsional. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah korelasi sederhana, korelasi ganda dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara gaya hidup dan kelas sosial, terbukti dari koefisien korelasi (R) yang dihasilkan adalah 0,200 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,003 (p Ft pada taraf signifikansi 5% yaitu 10,8 > 3,06. Sumbangan relatif koefisien gaya hidup dan kelas sosial pada perilaku konsumtif sebesar 2%, sehingga 98% ditentukan faktor lain. Kata kunci : Gaya Hidup, Kelas Sosial, dan Perilaku Konsumtif. Abstract This study was aimed to determine the relationship between life style and class of social, the relationship between social class and consumtif behavior, and the relationship between life style and social class along with consumtif behavior on student in SMA Trimurti Surabaya. The method used were quantitative research methods. Subjects of this research were 186 students whose ages ranged from 15 to 18 years. The subject were choosen by using a sample proporsional technique. The data analysis technique used were simple correlation, multiple correlation and multiple regression. The results of this study shows that: 1) There is a positive and significant relationship between life style and consumtif behavior. As evidenced, the result of correlation coefficient (R) is 0,200 with significance value of 0,003 (p Ft at significance level of 5% is 10,8 > 3,06. Contribution of life style and class of social variables in predicting the consumtif behavior of 2 %, so 98 % is influenced by other factors. Keywords : Life Style, Class Of Social, and Consumtif Behavior.
A Comprehensive Test of General Strain Theory

Using longitudinal data on South Korean youth, the authors addressed limitations of previous tests of general strain theory (GST), focusing on the relationships among key strains, situational- and trait-based negative emotions, conditioning factors, and delinquency. Eight types of strain previously shown most likely to result in delinquency, including delinquency in the South Korean context, were measured. To better understand how trait- and situational-based negative emotions mediate the connection of strains to delinquency, trait and situational measures were used for anger and depression, emotions commonly expected to promote delinquency. Overall, the findings support GST's key propositions. Most of the eight strains and some interaction terms between strains and conditioning variables had significant effects on various types of delinquency. Furthermore, situational-based negative emotions operated differently than trait-based negative emotions in mediating the relationship between strain and delinquency. These findings raise questions about the assumption that trait-based negative emotions accurately represent situational-based negative emotions in response to strains.
Evidence-Based Practice: Promoting Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychology.

We present an overview of issues related to evidence-based practice and the role that the school psychology profession can play in developing and dissemi- nating evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Historical problems relating to and the recurring debate about the integration of research into practice are presented as a context for the current challenges faced by those engaged in the EBI movement in psychology and education. Potential solutions to the problems posed by the adoption of EBIs in practice are presented within the context of the directions to be taken by the Task Force on Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychol- ogy (Task Force). Five assumptions are presented that can guide the Task Force in addressing the integration of EBIs in practice. These assumptions are followed the Task Force for the promotion of EBIs in practice. The action plans are conceptual- ized as a shared responsibility of school psychology researchers, trainers, and prac- titioners. Future directions and implications for policy among groups with a com- mon agenda for promoting EBIs are also presented.
A Retrospective of Four Decades of Community College Research

Abstract In the 40th publication year of the Community College Journal of Research and Practice (CCJRP), the authors present a 39-year retrospective on research on the community college through the lens of the journal. It is not known exactly what the body of community college research wholly consists of. Without access to the larger picture of community college research, both the research and practitioner communities remain generally unaware of the existing research, areas lacking in study, and opportunities to build upon past research and to explore adaptation of practices that have been implemented at other institutions. The purpose of this study was to explore the evolution of community college research by surveying topics in community college research published over the past 39 years within the context of the CCJRP, highlighting implications for future research, policy, and practice. Findings from this content analysis study demonstrate more attention to student success, teaching and learning, and community college leadership than other topics. Overtime, topics such as college mission and international perspectives cycled across the decades, while others, such as access, held steady. Findings also show the popularity of policy and innovation topics and changes in authorship over time, particularly as related to gender.
Binding of the PX domain of p47phox to phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid is masked by an intramolecular interaction

p47phox is a key cytosolic subunit required for activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. The X‐ray structure of the p47phox PX domain revealed two distinct basic pockets on the membrane‐binding surface, each occupied by a sulfate. These two pockets have different specificities: one preferentially binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4)P2] and is analogous to the phophatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PtdIns3P)‐binding pocket of p40phox, while the other binds anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) or phosphatidylserine. The preference of this second site for PtdOH may be related to previously observed activation of NADPH oxidase by PtdOH. Simultaneous occupancy of the two phospholipid‐binding pockets radically increases membrane affinity. Strikingly, measurements for full‐length p47phox show that membrane interaction by the PX domain is masked by an intramolecular association with the C‐terminal SH3 domain (C‐SH3). Either a site‐specific mutation in C‐SH3 (W263R) or a mimic of the phosphorylated form of p47phox [Ser(303, 304, 328, 359, 370)Glu] cause a transition from a closed to an open conformation that binds membranes with a greater affinity than the isolated PX domain.
Protective Functions of Family Relationships and School Factors on the Deviant Behavior of Adolescent Boys and Girls

This study explores gender differences in the impact of risk and protective factors on adolescent deviant behavior. With a longitudinal design and reports from actual friends, regression analyses indicate that both family and school factors reduced adolescent delinquency and substance use and protected adolescents against the impact of having deviant friends, though school factors were more consistently protective than family factors. The sources of protection differed by gender for each type of deviance.
Attributions, cognitions, and coping styles:teleworkers' reactions to work-related problems

Based on the attributional reformulation of learned helplessness theory (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) and Lazarus and Launier's (1978) primary-secondary appraisal theory of stress, the present study sought to examine teleworkers' reactions to their work-related problems. The role of attributions about the sources, and cognitions about the consesquences, of these problems in promoting positive adaptation was addressed. In particular, it was predicted that teleworkers who made optimistic attributions and cognitions would be more likely to employ problem-focused coping strategies and, as a result, report more positive psychological and job-related outcomes. Based on a survey sample of 192 teleworkers, the results indicated that a tendency to engage in self-blame was related to the use of emotion-focused coping strategies. In turn, there was evidence linking emotion-focused coping strategies to negative outcomes and problem-focused coping strategies to positive outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to attributional approaches to stress which highlight the importance of cognitions about the consequences of negative events. Finally, implications for the training of teleworkers are presented.
Effect of GH replacement therapy in two male siblings with combined X-linked hypophosphatemia and partial GH deficiency.

OBJECTIVE X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by low serum phosphorus, relative 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) deficiency and rickets. It is caused by mutations in the phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX). The conventional treatment of XLH includes the administration of phosphate and calcitriol; however, treated patients usually present with a short stature. Therefore, additional coexistent defects, such as GH deficiency, are under debate. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two male siblings presented with a disproportionate growth failure and rickets. Investigation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, molecular genetic analysis of the PHEX gene and GH function tests were initiated. RESULTS Both patients showed typical clinical and biochemical signs of XLH. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a 747 CGA (Arg)-TGA (End) mutation in exon 22 of the PHEX gene, confirming XLH. Since treatment with phosphate and calcitriol alone failed to improve growth in both patients, the GH axis was examined and a partial GH deficiency was diagnosed in both cases. Almost 3 Years of additional therapy with recombinant human GH (rhGH) led to a significant improvement of height standard deviation scores (HtSDS). CONCLUSIONS Poor growth in XLH may, in at least some patients, be aggravated by GH deficiency. Hence, GH deficiency should be considered in extremely poorly growing patients with XLH, because these patients are likely to benefit from rhGH therapy.
Communication and Empowerment: A Place for Rich and Multiple Media?

Background Project @pple (Access & Participation for People with intellectual disability in Learning Environments)1 was about exploring the terms on which young people with intellectual disability access and participate with e-Learning and the Web. The current study is one of a number of related studies. It explores the culture of information and communication technology (ICT) and the potential to support communication and empowerment. Materials and Methods Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 young people with intellectual disability. The interviews involved a low-technology, augmentative communication method called Talking Mats (Murphy & Cameron 2002). Findings Information and communication technology and rich and multiple media featured in the participants’ narratives and contributed to self-concept and inclusive communication. Positive value was attributed to ICT options by many, although some difficulties were expressed with regard to operational aspects of the technology. Conclusions The lives of young people with intellectual disability provide a fertile culture for developments in this area, offering some new opportunities for communication and empowerment.
Development of metastatic and non‐metastatic tumor lines from a patient's prostate cancer specimen—identification of a small subpopulation with metastatic potential in the primary tumor

Metastasis is the major cause of prostate cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity in both primary and metastatic prostate cancers is a major hurdle in elucidating the mechanisms of metastasis in this disease. To circumvent this obstacle and improve our understanding of prostate cancer metastasis, we developed multiple tumor tissue lines from one patient's primary prostate cancer specimen to examine differences in metastatic ability.
Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2

The present study was designed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (Markland & Tobin, 2004). A sample of Chinese university students (N = 555) was invited to take part in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the factorial validity, and the results supported the 5-factor structure of the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2. Examination of the 95% confidence interval of the inter-factor correlations suggested that the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 assesses related but distinct constructs, which provided support for the discriminant validity. Composite reliability values of subscales were all over . 75, which suggested that internal consistency reliability of Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 was acceptable. Examination of the pattern of inter-factor correlations between different regulations suggested that the simplex-like pattern was displayed, which provided evidence for the nomological validity of Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2. Examination of the correlations of different regulations with affective and behavioral outcomes provided further support for the nomological validity. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the gender invariance of Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and the results suggested that the factor loadings and factor variances and covariances of the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 measurement model to be invariant across male and female participants. Overall, the study provided initial psychometric evidence for the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2.
El Sentido de vida en Estudiantes de Primer Semestre de la Universidad de la Salle Bajío

Under the humanist educational approach, it is of prime importance to help students to identify who they are and who they can become, based on understanding their reasons to either achieve ‘something’ or being in a certain way. From this point of view, the following objectives were defined for this research: 1) To identify the ‘Purpose in Life’ in first semester students at Universidad De La Salle Bajio; 2) To analyze the relation between the results and personal and family variables; 3) To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the test. The descriptive study was realized with a stratified sample. The 723 university students (16-27 y/o) were from 23 different programs. The test was Crumbaugh and Maholick’s Purpose in Live (PIL.) According to the results, 55.5 % of the students show an appropriate Purpose in Life definition; 33% are located within the indetermination range; and 11.2% show lack of Purpose in Life. The total distribution of the sample’s scores were higher to the ones obtained in previous studies in which the same test was used. Those students in the indetermination range require special attention and the lack of Purpose in Life shown by the 11.2% might indicate an emotional unbalance.