Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mean flow and variability in the Kuroshio Extension from Geosat altimetry data

Using altimeter data from the Geosat Exact Repeat Mission (ERM), we investigated the mean flow and temporal and spatial variations of the Kuroshio Extension in the region of 140°–180°E and 30°–40°N. Mean surface height profiles were estimated along individual tracks by assuming the velocity profile of the Kuroshio Extension to be Gaussian-shaped and by successively fitting this synthetic current's height profile to the residual height data. Using the mean profiles from ascending and descending tracks, we derived the mean surface height field by an inverse method and obtained the absolute surface height fields for the first 2.5 years of the Geosat ERM. Both the mean and the instantaneous height fields thus derived compared well with the available hydrographic data and the SST patterns from the NOAA satellites. The mean surface height difference across the Kuroshio Extension attains its maximum around 146°E between the two quasi-stationary meanders, and its decrease thereafter is mainly due to large-scale recirculations on the southern side of the Kuroshio Extension. The ratio of the eddy kinetic energy over the mean kinetic energy has a nearly constant value of 1.5–2.0 along the Kuroshio Extension path. Propagation of mesoscale fluctuations in the height fields is generally westward except for the upstream region of the Kuroshio Extension. Effects of deep mean flow and baroclinic shear are found to be important in explaining the observed propagation speeds. In the upstream region of 141°E and 154°E, annual variations in the surface height difference across the Kuroshio Extension(δh) have a September maximum with an average amplitude of 0.2m. For large-scale interannual fluctuations, anomalies in δh are found to be significantly correlated with those of the current axis positions: a larger surface height difference corresponds to a more northerly position of the Kuroshio Extension. The interannual changes in δh are possibly related to the 86/87 ENSO event in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean.
Natural leisure spaces in long-term care homes: challenging assumptions about successful aging through meaningful living

ABSTRACT In promoting high physical activity and productive engagement as the motto of successful aging, society has cast individuals living in long-term care (LTC) homes as aging unsuccessfully [Holstein, M. B. , and M. Minkler. 2003. “Self, Society and the ‘New Gerontology’. ” The Gerontologist 43: 787–796]. The purpose of this paper is to explore ways natural leisure spaces within an LTC home can challenge deficit-based assumptions of decline and dependence in later life. Interviews were conducted with 9 residents, 8 family members and 11 staff recruited from one mid-sized LTC home in Ontario, Canada. The study used a hermeneutic phenomenological method, as described by van Manen [1997. Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. London, ON: The Althouse Press]. Lived experiences of participants throughout the interviews revealed how natural leisure spaces sparked continued expressions of individuality, opportunities to nurture relationships and maintain family social roles.
Short‐Term Influence of Radiofrequency Ablation on NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP, Copeptin, and MR‐proADM in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Data From the Observational SMURF Study

Background There is limited knowledge on the short‐term influence of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) on 2 cardiac biomarkers; the N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and the midregional fragment of the N‐terminal of pro‐ANP (MR‐proANP) and 2 extracardiac biomarkers; the c‐terminal provasopressin (copeptin) and the midregional portion of proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM). There are also limited data concerning cardiac production of the latter two. Methods and Results We studied 192 consecutive patients eligible for RFA of AF referred to the University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP, copeptin, and MR‐proADM levels were measured in peripheral blood, the coronary sinus (CS), and the left atrium before ablation, and in peripheral blood immediately and the day after RFA. The level of NT‐proBNP decreased the day after RFA in participants in AF at the time of RFA, compared to the participants in sinus rhythm who showed a slight increase (P<0.001). Furthermore, regardless of the actual rhythm, the level of MR‐proANP showed an increase immediately after RFA (P<0.001), followed by a decrease the day after ablation (P<0.001). Copeptin level showed a 6‐fold increase immediately after RFA compared to baseline (P<0.001), whereas MR‐proADM level increased the day after RFA (P<0.001). Levels of copeptin and MR‐proADM were not higher in the CS compared to peripheral blood. Conclusions RFA of AF is a strong stimulus with a significant and direct impact on different neurohormonal systems. We found no sign of a cardiac release of MR‐proADM or copeptin. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01553045.
The Review of Acceptance, Cognitive Reappraisal, Expression Suppression in Emotion Regulation Strategies

Nowadays many researchers paid more attentions to cognitive reappraisal, expression suppression in emotion regulation strategies. With the rise of acceptance and commitment therapy, acceptance has been accepted as an emotion regulation strategy by many researchers. Many studies have confirmed that accep- tance, cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression have different effects on emotion, cognition, social behavior of individuals. To form effective emotion regulation strategies to improve teaching and learning ef- ficiency, it is important to further understand how different emotion regulation strategies affect emotion, cog- nition and social behavior. In this paper, we comment the definition of emotion regulation, emotional regula- tion strategies, empirical research about acceptance, cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression, and finally we made a prospect, hoping that it can provide a guidance for future research.
Optimal Elections in Faulty Loop Networks and Applications

Loop networks (or Hamiltonian circulant graphs) are a popular class of fault-tolerant network topologies which include rings and complete graphs. For this class, the fundamental problem of leader election has been extensively studied, assuming either a fault-free system or an upper-bound on the number of link failures. We consider loop networks where an arbitrary number of links have failed and a processor can only detect the status of its incident links. We show that a leader election protocol In a faulty loop network requires only O(n log n) messages in the worst-case, where n is the number of processors. Moreover, we show that this is optimal. The proposed algorithm also detects network partitions. We also show that it provides an optimal solution for arbitrary nonfaulty networks with sense of direction.
Energy Consumption Estimation of Software Components Based on Program Flowcharts

This paper presents and evaluates a new approach of energy estimation for single software components based on program flowcharts. This estimation is designed to be applicable early in the design process, which enables system designer to evaluate different design variants with respect to the energy consumption of the later system. The energy estimation model is based on individual flowchart elements and execution probabilities for branches and iterations. The used flowchart elements are for arithmetical calculations, flow control and reads/writes, which are a selection of possible elements used to show the feasibility of the approach. The estimation model is verified in a first step by using three commercially available benchmarks. The flowcharts of these are utilized to estimate the energy consumption by using the presented model. The comparison between estimated and measured energy consumption of an exemplary embedded system results in an estimation error bandwidth between -11.9 % and +6.9 %. The main benefit of the presented approach is the applicability within the development phase "System Design" [1], i.e. Previous to any software implementation. This is realized by using only available information of that development phase and generic elements to estimate the energy consumption.
Formal Verification and Validation of AADL Models

Safety-critical systems are increasingly difficult to comprehend due to their rising complexity. Methodologies, tools and modeling formalisms have been developed to overcome this. Component-based design is an important paradigm that is shared by many of them. It helps to master the overall complexity while in addition allowing for reusability. Furthermore, it easily supports the common issues in the engineering disciplines, like hardware/software (i.e., co-engineering), performability, dependability, reliability, availability, maintainability and safety engineering (RAMS). Model artifacts that are typical for a discipline can be encapsulated in the affected components, while staying imperceptible for non-affected components. This leads to different views of the system under development, which subsequently entails the natural distinction in different system abstractions, formalisms and tools. Nonetheless, there is only one system under development. With the current methodologies, there is no single view of this system that links all aspects relevant to all involved engineering disciplines in a coherent manner.
Understanding re-finding behavior in naturalistic email interaction logs

In this paper we present a longitudinal, naturalistic study of email behavior (n=47) and describe our efforts at isolating re-finding behavior in the logs through various qualitative and quantitative analyses. The presented work underlines the methodological challenges faced with this kind of research, but demonstrates that it is possible to isolate re-finding behavior from email interaction logs with reasonable accuracy. Using the approaches developed we uncover interesting aspects of email re-finding behavior that have so far been impossible to study, such as how various features of email-clients are used in re-finding and the difficulties people encounter when using these. We explain how our findings could influence the design of email-clients and outline our thoughts on how future, more in depth analyses, can build on the work presented here to achieve a fuller understanding of email behavior and the support that people need.
Understanding emergency medical dispatch in terms of distributed cognition: a case study

Emergency medical dispatch (EMD) is typically a team activity, requiring fluid coordination and communication between team members. Such working situations have often been described in terms of distributed cognition (DC), a framework for understanding team working. DC takes account of factors such as shared representations and artefacts to support reasoning about team working. Although the language of DC has been developed over several years, little attention has been paid to developing a methodology or reusable representation which supports reasoning about an interactive system from a DC perspective. We present a case study in which we developed a method for constructing a DC account of team working in the domain of EMD, focusing on the use of the method for describing an existing EMD work system, identifying sources of weakness in that system, and reasoning about the likely consequences of redesign of the system. The resulting DC descriptions have yielded new insights into the design of EMD work and of tools to support that work within a large EMD centre.
Real‐life effectiveness of once‐daily calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate gel vs. ointment formulations in psoriasis vulgaris: final analysis of the 52‐week PRO‐long study

Topical therapies are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. The fixed combination of calcipotriol (Cal) 50 μg/g plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) is a first‐line topical treatment and available as a gel or ointment. The use of these fixed combination products was compared in PRO‐long, a long‐term noninterventional study, for which interim results (4 and 12 weeks) have previously been reported.
Feeding the world healthily: the challenge of measuring the effects of agriculture on health

Agricultural production, food systems and population health are intimately linked. While there is a strong evidence base to inform our knowledge of what constitutes a healthy human diet, we know little about actual food production or consumption in many populations and how developments in the food and agricultural system will affect dietary intake patterns and health. The paucity of information on food production and consumption is arguably most acute in low- and middle-income countries, where it is most urgently needed to monitor levels of under-nutrition, the health impacts of rapid dietary transition and the increasing ‘double burden’ of nutrition-related disease. Food availability statistics based on food commodity production data are currently widely used as a proxy measure of national-level food consumption, but using data from the UK and Mexico we highlight the potential pitfalls of this approach. Despite limited resources for data collection, better systems of measurement are possible. Important drivers to improve collection systems may include efforts to meet international development goals and partnership with the private sector. A clearer understanding of the links between the agriculture and food system and population health will ensure that health becomes a critical driver of agricultural change.
Exploring the spatial dimension of community-level flood risk perception: a cognitive mapping approach

ABSTRACT Environmental perceptions are central to individuals’ behavioural interactions with the environment. Cognitive maps, portraying a spatial representation of an individual’s environmental perception, can be aggregated to gain insight into the collective environmental perception of groups and populations. This paper uses cognitive mapping techniques to examine one aspect of environmental perception, flood risk perception, within a residential population (n = 305). Flood risk perception was examined for the whole sample and six subgroup pairs. Using subgroups allowed examination of how factors previously shown to influence flood risk perception influence the cognitive map production in this population. We use a novel technique (slope analysis) to examine how the population’s perception of flood risk compares with expert assessments of flood risk, and compare the results of this novel technique with a commonly used cognitive map analysis technique (majority threshold method). Both methods identify areas where there is consensus within the population as to which areas are at risk of flooding. However, slope analysis usefully identifies areas where the population’s perception of flood risk lacks consensus, and is at odds with expert assessments of flood risk, without the loss of information inherent in the majority threshold method. Thus, this technique provides a novel approach to studies of environmental perception that can be widely applied within many fields.
Serologic correlates of protection against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea.

BACKGROUND We conducted a nested case-control study in 397 rural Egyptian children <36 months of age to assess the correlation between serum levels of antibodies against toxin and colonization factors (CFs) and the risk of homologous enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea. METHODS Active case detection was performed via semiweekly home visits, and blood was obtained at 3-month intervals. After each serosurvey, case subjects were selected from children experiencing a CF antigen (CFA)/I-, CFA/II-, CFA/IV-, or heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-ETEC diarrheal episode during the subsequent 3 months. Up to 5 control subjects per case subject were selected from children who did not experience an ETEC diarrheal episode during the corresponding interval. Serum titers of immunoglobulin G antibodies against CFA/I, coli surface antigen (CS) 3, CS6, and LT were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. RESULTS The distribution of serum titers of LT, CS3, and CS6 antibodies did not differ between the case and control subjects. For children <18 months of age, serum titers of CFA/I antibody were inversely related to the risk of CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea; reciprocal serum titers of CFA/I antibody > or =76 were associated with a 77% reduction in the odds of CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea. CONCLUSION Induction of reciprocal serum titers of antibodies against CFA/I within or above the 76-186 range should be further evaluated as a predictor for assessment of the ability of candidate vaccines to protect against CFA/I-ETEC diarrhea.
Education, Occupation and Social Origin: A Comparative Analysis of the Transmission of Socio-Economic Inequalities

Contents: 1. Introduction: Education as the Great Equalizer: A Theoretical FrameworkFabrizio Bernardi and Gabriele Ballarino 2. Inequality of Educational Returns in France. Changes in the Effect of Education and Social Background on Occupational CareersLouis-Andre Vallet, Camille Peugny and Milan Bouchet-Valat 3. Legacies of the Past: Social Origin, Educational Attainment and Labour-market Outcomes in GermanyMichael Gratz and Reinhard Pollack 4. Inequality in Educational Returns in Hungary Peter Robert and Tamas Keller 5. Changes in the Stratification Process in Israel, 1995-2008Yossi Shavit, Carmel Blank and Eyal Bar Haim 6. Social Background and Education in Occupational Attainment in ItalyGabriele Ballarino, Carlo Barone and Nazareno Panichella 7. Inequality in Educational Returns in JapanShin Arita and Yoshimichi Sato 8. Social Origin and Inequality in Educational Returns in the Dutch Labour MarketMaarten Wolbers and Jochen Tolsma 9. Direct Social Origin Effects and Educational Returns in NorwayArne Mastekaasa 10. The Effects of Parental Social Background on Labour Market Outcomes in RussiaAlexei Bessudnov 11. Is Education the Great Equalizer for the Chances of Social Mobility in Spain? Fabrizio Bernardi 12. The Direct and Indirect Effects of Social Background on Occupational Positions in Sweden: New Evidence on Old QuestionsJuho Harkonen and Erik Bihagen 13. Inequalities in Returns to Education in SwitzerlandFrancesco Lagana 14. Social Origin, Education and Socio-economic Inequalities: Trends in the United KingdomLeen Vandecasteele 15. Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Advantage in the USFlorencia Torche 16. The Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality and Education in 14 Countries: A ComparisonGabriele Ballarino and Fabrizio Bernardi Index
Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: prospective analysis of 18 820 patients

Abstract Objective To ascertain the current burden of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through a prospective analysis of all admissions to hospital. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Two large general hospitals in Merseyside, England. Participants 18 820 patients aged > 16 years admitted over six months and assessed for cause of admission. Main outcome measures Prevalence of admissions due to an ADR, length of stay, avoidability, and outcome. Results There were 1225 admissions related to an ADR, giving a prevalence of 6.5%, with the ADR directly leading to the admission in 80% of cases. The median bed stay was eight days, accounting for 4% of the hospital bed capacity. The projected annual cost of such admissions to the NHS is £466m (€706m, $847m). The overall fatality was 0.15%. Most reactions were either definitely or possibly avoidable. Drugs most commonly implicated in causing these admissions included low dose aspirin, diuretics, warfarin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs other than aspirin, the most common reaction being gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion The burden of ADRs on the NHS is high, accounting for considerable morbidity, mortality, and extra costs. Although many of the implicated drugs have proved benefit, measures need to be put into place to reduce the burden of ADRs and thereby further improve the benefit:harm ratio of the drugs.
BCFPI Validation for a High-risk High-needs Sample of Children and Youth Admitted to Tertiary Care.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the validity and reliability of the Brief Child and Family Phone Interview (BCFPI) in a sample of high-risk, high-need children and youth admitted to a tertiary residential psychiatric facility. This is the first validation study of the BCFPI with children and youth functioning at the extreme clinical range. METHOD Participants consisted of children and youth in a southwestern Ontario tertiary residential mental health facility. Two hundred twenty seven children and youth aged 6.28 to 16.74 (M = 12.06 years, SD = 2.46) were evaluated. Internal consistencies of each scale were tested using Cronbach's alpha, and subsequently confirmed with unidimensional principal components analyses. Concurrent validity was evaluated through Pearson product-moment correlations between each subscale and the empirically validated subscales in the Conners' Rating Scales. RESULTS With exception of the conduct subscale (alpha =.68), all Cronbach's alpha estimates were in the acceptable range. Each scale demonstrated acceptable factor loadings on a single-factor principal components extraction derived from the pool of items within each scale. Concurrent validity was evidenced by moderate to strong correlations identified with selected measures of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. CONCLUSIONS Considered together, the results of this study indicate that the BCFPI is a reliable and valid indicator of child functioning within this client population, and is recommended in the assessment of tertiary populations.
Analysis of lipophilic fluorescent products in blood of Alzheimer's disease patients

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Prodromal stage of AD, also called mild cognitive impairment (MCI), especially its amnestic type (aMCI), precedes dementia stage of AD. There are currently no reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD in the blood. Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by increased oxidative stress in brain, which leads to oxidative damage and accumulation of free radical reaction end‐products. In our study, specific products of lipid peroxidation in the blood of AD patients were studied. Lipophilic extracts of erythrocytes (AD dementia = 19, aMCI = 27, controls = 16) and plasma (AD dementia = 11, aMCI = 17, controls = 16) were analysed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The level of these products is significantly increased in erythrocytes and plasma of AD dementia and aMCI patients versus controls. We concluded that oxidative stress end‐products are promising new biomarkers of AD, but further detailed characterisation of these products is needed.
Innovative Technology for CPU Based Attestation and Sealing

Intel is developing the Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) technology, an extension to Intel® Architecture for generating protected software containers. The container is referred to as an enclave. Inside the enclave, software’s code, data, and stack are protected by hardware enforced access control policies that prevent attacks against the enclave’s content. In an era w here software and services are deployed over the Internet, it is critical to be able to securely provision enclaves remotely, over the wire or air, to know with confidence that the secrets are protected and to be able to save secrets in non-volatile memory for future use. This paper describes the technology components that allow provisioning of secrets to an enclave. These components include a method to generate a hardware based attestation of the software running inside an enclave and a means for enclave software to seal secrets and export them outside of the enclave (for example store them in non-volatile memory) such that only the same enclave software would be able un-seal them back to their original form.