Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What treatment do sex offenders want?

Eighty-seven sex offenders being assessed pretrial and presentence or posttrial for probation/parole were administered a questionnaire inquiring about desire for treatment, acceptable types of treatment and the nature of any problems, as perceived by the offenders. Three groups were examined: sexual aggressors against adult females, incest perpetrators, and pedophilic offenders. In spite of their legal circumstances, only 49.4% of the sex offenders wanted treatment. The preferred therapies were individual psychotherapy, social skills training and group therapy. The most frequently used therapy for sex offenders, namely, aversion conditioning, was among the least acceptable, along with castration, sex drive reducing drug therapy, and, paradoxically, group therapy. Male therapists were preferred more than twice as often as female therapists. Sex offenders saw interpersonal relations and lack of social skills as their major problems. Many were concerned about coping with the sequelae of their crimes. Less than two in five considered their anomalous sexual behavior to be a problem for them. Results suggest that there is considerable disparity between therapists' application of treatment and the offenders' perceptions of their own needs. Improving congruence between therapist and offender-patient goals may enhance treatment compliance and therapy success for sex offenders generally.
“Must Jesus Bear the Cross Alone?” Reverend Oberia Dempsey and His Citizens War on Drugs

This essay writes the biography of Rev. Oberia D. Dempsey, and, by doing so, it operates in those historical crevices and discursive spaces ignored by the current historiography of mass incarceration and frequently concealed in post-war African American history. This essay traces Dempsey’s activism from the early 1950s until the passage of the Rockefeller drug laws and describes the organic grassroots political responses to drug addiction, trafficking, and related crimes that developed in Harlem during the 1960s and early 1970s. It explores how the forces of urban change drove conflict between the black underclass and working and middle-class African Americans and birthed black penal populism. It documents how blacks drew upon the moral content of their indigenously constructed class categories to understand and negotiate their “victimization” and frame their policy responses. Finally, it reveals that Dempsey and others mobilized the rich civic resources that were so crucial to the success of the black rights movement in the 1950s against the black underclass in the 1960s and early 1970s. Ultimately, the story of Rev. Oberia Dempsey and his citizen’s war on drugs will expose elements of the untold story of black politics in the post-Civil Rights era: the increasing and independent significance of class.
An Unpaid Labor of Love

This article presents qualitative findings which cast light on experiences of job-related geographical relocation for professional footballers and their families. Job relocation is an issue for players and partners, as labor market migration is commonplace in this profession. Although cultural expectations often lead to personal sacrifice, initial research findings indicate that many partners are deciding against relinquishing control over their own prospects and identities, and exercising influence in relation to negotiations concerning living arrangements. Professional footballers are an interesting group to examine for their work contaminates the lives of significant others. Based on interviews with 49 professional footballers, the data presented illuminate the interdependence between home and work and illustrate how decision-making processes and subsequent outcomes impact on the organization of, and living arrangements for, family members.
Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

European governments have banned the use of three common neonicotinoid pesticides due to insufficiently identified risks to bees. This policy decision is controversial given the absence of clear consistency between toxicity assessments of those substances in the laboratory and in the field. Although laboratory trials report deleterious effects in honeybees at trace levels, field surveys reveal no decrease in the performance of honeybee colonies in the vicinity of treated fields. Here we provide the missing link, showing that individual honeybees near thiamethoxam-treated fields do indeed disappear at a faster rate, but the impact of this is buffered by the colonies' demographic regulation response. Although we could ascertain the exposure pathway of thiamethoxam residues from treated flowers to honeybee dietary nectar, we uncovered an unexpected pervasive co-occurrence of similar concentrations of imidacloprid, another neonicotinoid normally restricted to non-entomophilous crops in the study country. Thus, its origin and transfer pathways through the succession of annual crops need be elucidated to conveniently appraise the risks of combined neonicotinoid exposures. This study reconciles the conflicting laboratory and field toxicity assessments of neonicotinoids on honeybees and further highlights the difficulty in actually detecting non-intentional effects on the field through conventional risk assessment methods.
Feature‐guided Image Stippling

This paper presents an automatic method for producing stipple renderings from photographs, following the style of professional hedcut illustrations. For effective depiction of image features, we introduce a novel dot placement algorithm which adapts stipple dots to the local shapes. The core idea is to guide the dot placement along ‘feature flow’ extracted from the feature lines, resulting in a dot distribution that conforms to feature shapes. The sizes of dots are adaptively determined from the input image for proper tone representation. Experimental results show that such feature‐guided stippling leads to the production of stylistic and feature‐emphasizing dot illustrations.
Better Malware Ground Truth: Techniques for Weighting Anti-Virus Vendor Labels

We examine the problem of aggregating the results of multiple anti-virus (AV) vendors' detectors into a single authoritative ground-truth label for every binary. To do so, we adapt a well-known generative Bayesian model that postulates the existence of a hidden ground truth upon which the AV labels depend. We use training based on Expectation Maximization for this fully unsupervised technique. We evaluate our method using 279,327 distinct binaries from VirusTotal, each of which appeared for the first time between January 2012 and June 2014. Our evaluation shows that our statistical model is consistently more accurate at predicting the future-derived ground truth than all unweighted rules of the form "k out of n" AV detections. In addition, we evaluate the scenario where partial ground truth is available for model building. We train a logistic regression predictor on the partial label information. Our results show that as few as a 100 randomly selected training instances with ground truth are enough to achieve 80% true positive rate for 0.1% false positive rate. In comparison, the best unweighted threshold rule provides only 60% true positive rate at the same false positive rate.
Friendship Patterns of Overseas Students: A Functional Model

Abstract The respondents were 30 foreign students at the University of Hawaii (6 each from Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand), and 6 host national (American) students, balanced for sex. The subjects identified their 5 best friends, and the 5 people with whom they spend most of their time. The subjects were then presented with a list of 15 activities, and identified a preferred companion for each of the situations. The data were used to test a functional model of the academic sojourn, which predicts that foreign students will belong to three social networks, in descending order of salience: a) a conational network whose function is to affirm and express the culture of origin; b) a network with host nationals, whose function is the instrumental facilitation of academic and professional aspirations; and c) a multinational network whose main function is recreational. The results confirmed the existence, predicted differential function, and salience hierarchy of these three social networks, a.
Time-dependent AdS/CFT duality and null singularity

We consider AdS/CFT correspondence for time-dependent II B backgrounds in this paper. The supergravity solutions we construct are supersymmetric pp-waves on AdS and may have null singularity in the bulk. The dual gauge theory is also constructed explicitly and is given by a time-dependent supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory living on the boundary. Apart from the usual terms that are dictated by the geometry, our gauge theory action features also a time-dependent axion coupling and a time-dependent gauge coupling. Both of which are necessary due to the presence of a nontrivial dilaton and axion profile in the supergravity solution. The proposal is supported by a precise matching in the symmetries and functional dependence on the null coordinate of the two theories. As applications, we show how the bulk Einstein equation may be reproduced from the gauge theory. We also study and compare the behaviour of the field theory two-point functions. We find that the two-point function computed by using duality is different from that by doing a direct field theory computation. In particular the spacetime singularity is not seen in our gauge theory result, suggesting that the spacetime singularity may be resolved in the gauge theory.
Explanatory Coherence and the Induction of Properties

Statements that share an explanation tend to lend inductive support to one another. For example, being told that Many furniture movers have a hard time financing a house increases the judged probability that Secretaries have a hard time financing a house. In contrast, statements with different explanations reduce one another s judged probability. Being told that Many furniture movers have bad backs decreases the judged probability that Secretaries have bad backs. I pose two questions concerning such discounting effects. First, does the reduction depend on explanations being mutually incompatible or does it occur when explanations are deemed irrelevant to one another? I found that a small discounting effect occurred with statements that were blatantly unrelated. However, the discounting effect also depended on a factor external to the argument being judged; the composition of the argument set. Second, are explanation effects attributable to changes in the belief afforded statements or to response-specific .
Morphologically and functionally intact dendritic cells can be derived from the peripheral blood of aged individuals

Dendritic cells are antigen‐presenting cells (APC), which are crucial for the initiation of an immune response. In spite of the well known decline of immune function in old age, no information is yet available on whether dendritic cells are also affected by the ageing process. It was therefore the aim of this study to compare peripheral blood dendritic cells (DC) from old and young healthy individuals. Using granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and IL‐4, DC were propagated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The obtained cell populations had a typical dendritic morphology and expressed HLA class I and class II, CD23, CD32, CD40, CD44 and CD54, but not CD3 and CD19. Larger numbers of DC were obtained from old individuals than from young ones in spite of a similar expression pattern of surface molecules. DC from aged persons also survived better under in vitro culture conditions. When tested for their antigen‐presenting capacity, DC from young and old individuals were equally effective in inducing the proliferation of tetanus toxoid‐specific T cell clones after antigenic stimulation. Peripheral blood DC from aged individuals may thus still function as powerful APC. They may represent useful tools for immunotherapy in the aged.
Choosing less-preferred experiences for the sake of variety.

Data from several experiments show that, contrary to traditional models of variety seeking, individuals choose to switch to less-preferred options even though they enjoy those items less than they would have enjoyed repeating a more-preferred option. Two explanations for this finding are tested. Results indicate no evidence of a benefit to more-preferred options due to the contrast to less-preferred alternatives. However, the results of three studies suggest that retrospective global evaluations favor varied sequences that also include less-preferred items as opposed to sequences that only include more-preferred items, even though these more varied sequences result in diminished enjoyment during consumption. Copyright 1999 by the University of Chicago.
The Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation in Adjunct with Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Blood Glucose, Triglyceride, Periodontal Status and Some Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Periodontal Disease

A B S T R A C T Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are two chronic and common diseases with close relationship together affecting public health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal treatment (NST) on blood glucose, triglyceride, periodontal status and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 43 diabetic patients with periodontitis referred to the Endocrinology Clinic at Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. All subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention and control groups received either 480 mg/d resveratrol or placebo capsules (2 PCs) for four weeks. All subjects underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy during the intervention period. Anthropometric parameters, 24-hour dietary recall, fasting blood sugar, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, pocket depth (PD), IL6 and TNFα were evaluated in all subjects pre- and post-intervention. Results: The mean serum levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly (P=0.02, P=0.045, respectively) lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (10.42 ± 0.28 and 10.92 ± 0.9; 3.66 ± 0.97 and 4.49 ± 1.56, respectively ). Moreover, significant difference (P < 0.001) was obtained in the mean pocket depth (PD) between the intervention and control groups (2.35 ± 0.6 and 3.38 ± 0.5, respectively) post-intervention. In the intervention group, the mean serum level of IL6 was reduced significantly (P= 0.039) post-intervention (1.58 ± 1.06 and 2.19± 1.09). No significant differences were seen in the mean levels of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, IL6 and TNFα between the two groups post-intervention. Conclusions: It is suggested that resveratrol may be recommended as adjuvant therapy along with non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
Not Friend, Not Foe: The Rocky Road of Enfranchisement of Muslims into Multicultural Nationhood in Australia and New Zealand

This paper compares the images of citizenship available through multicultural policy provisions to the Muslim minority in Australia and New Zealand. Its enfranchisement is fraught with difficulties in both countries. A comparison between the two nations, however, shows some striking differences. Not only is there a considerable discrepancy between the images of citizenship and the images projected by this minority, but despite many similarities that both nations have in common, but this discrepancy also appears to be much larger in Australia. Some explanations for this difference will be offered.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Treatment Improves Left Ventricular Function and Mortality in a Murine Model of Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure

Background—Progression of heart failure after initial myocardial injury is mediated in part by various redundant inflammatory mediators, including the widely expressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Because COX-2 inhibitors are useful in treating many inflammation-mediated diseases, we asked whether COX-2 inhibition can attenuate heart failure progression. Methods and Results—Heart failure was experimentally induced in 100 mice by administration of doxorubicin (4 mg · kg−1 · wk−1 for 6 weeks). Beginning at day 42, mice were fed daily with either COX-2 inhibitor–containing mice chow (n=50) or plain mice chow (controls; n=50). Left ventricular ejection fraction was evaluated as a measure of heart failure by a novel method of transthoracic echocardiography (with intravascular ultrasound catheters) at baseline and on days 42, 56, and 70. From baseline to study termination, left ventricular ejection fraction in COX-2 inhibitor–treated mice decreased significantly less than in control mice (9% versus 29%, P <0.01). Mortality was significantly lower for COX-2 inhibitor–treated mice than for control mice (18% versus 38%, P <0.01). These results were confirmed in a revalidation study in COX-2 inhibitor–treated mice (n=25) and controls (n=25). That study revealed that the hearts from control mice weighed roughly the same as hearts from COX-2 inhibitor–treated mice but showed more extensive signs of cardiomyopathy (as determined by pathological analysis by an independent, blinded observer) and higher levels of COX-2 proteins (as determined by immunoblotting [6442±1635 versus 4300±2408 arbitrary units, P <0.022]). Conclusions—COX-2 inhibitors can attenuate the progression of heart failure in a murine model of doxorubicin-induced heart failure.
THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT BREACH ON WORK‐RELATED OUTCOMES: A META‐ANALYSIS

A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the influence of psychological contract breach on 8 work-related outcomes. Breach was related to all outcomes except actual turnover. Based on affective events theory, we developed a causal model integrating breach, affect (violation and mistrust), attitude (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions), and individual effectiveness (actual turnover, organizational citizenship behavior, and in-role performance). Structural equation modeling was used to test the model. The results indicated that affect mediates the effect of breach on attitude and individual effectiveness. Two moderators were also examined including the type of breach measure (global vs. composite) and the content of the psychological contract breach (transactional vs. relational). Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Opportunity or exploitation? Women and quality assurance in higher education

Based on interviews with 18 UK women academics and managers on quality and power in higher education, this article interrogates the impact of quality assurance discourses and practices on women in higher education. Micro‐level analysis of the effects of audit and the evaluative state seem to suggest that hegemonic masculinities and gendered power relations are being reinforced by the emphasis on competition, targets, audit trails and performance (Morley, 2003a). Furthermore, pedagogic space for exploring social justice issues is closing with the emphasis on learning outcomes and student consumerism (Morley, 2003b). Yet women are also gaining new visibility as a consequence of the creation of a new cadre of quality managers. Quality assurance, as a regime of power, appears to offer both repressive and creative potential for women. This article will explore whether quality signs and practices are gendered and whether these represent opportunity or exploitation for women in the academy.
Dynamic and integrated mechanical movements of a rat brain associated with evoked potentials

By using a piezoelectric sensor, it was demonstrated that the visual evoked potential of a rat brain was accompanied by mechanical movements of the brain when it was excited. A phase of upward movement was found to be followed by a phase of downward movement. The largest upward movement was a rise in swelling pressure on the order of 100 micro gram, which was about 40 times larger than that of the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion. The waves of mechanical movements were more complicated than those of the evoked potentials. These findings are thought to be due to the fact that the evoked potentials are propagated from the immediate surroundings of the sensor, while the mechanical signals are produced from anywhere beneath the piezo sensor. The mechanisms of mechanical movements propagated in the brain by electrical stimulation are discussed.
Enacting Agency: The Strategies of Women of Color in Computing

Research on marginalized groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) commonly overlooks those who persist and succeed, positioning groups such as women of color as passive victims instead of active agents in their own achievements. Focusing on women of color who are successfully staying in STEM, particularly in a field like computer science where women and minorities are severely underrepresented, lets researchers pay attention to the ways the women enact agency. This articles examines the agentic strategies women of color in computing use to ensure their own success. The authors present stories of agency from women of color who describe their approaches for actively persisting in computing. Such approaches include being motivated by challenges and finding inspiration from failure; drawing on unique experiences as marginalized persons; and developing and using "soft"' skills.
Examining student conceptions of the nature of science

The purpose of this research was to examine pre-college students' understandings of the nature of science and track those beliefs over the course of an academic year. Students' conceptions of the nature of science were examined using a model of the nature of science developed for use in this study. The model has eight tenets which address both the nature of the scientific enterprise and the nature of scientific knowledge. Findings indicate participants held fully formed conceptions of the nature of science consistent with approximately one-half of the premises set out in the model. Students held more complete understandings of the nature of scientific knowledge than the nature of the scientific enterprise. Their conceptions remained mostly unchanged over the year despite their participation in the project-based, hands-on science course. Implications for teaching the nature of science are discussed.
SPHINX: Detecting Security Attacks in Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networks (SDNs) allow greater control over network entities by centralizing the control plane, but place great burden on the administrator to manually ensure security and correct functioning of the entire network. We list several attacks on SDN controllers that violate network topology and data plane forwarding, and can be mounted by compromised network entities, such as end hosts and soft switches. We further demonstrate their feasibility on four popular SDN controllers. We propose SPHINX to detect both known and potentially unknown attacks on network topology and data plane forwarding originating within an SDN. SPHINX leverages the novel abstraction of flow graphs, which closely approximate the actual network operations, to enable incremental validation of all network updates and constraints. SPHINX dynamically learns new network behavior and raises alerts when it detects suspicious changes to existing network control plane behavior. Our evaluation shows that SPHINX is capable of detecting attacks in SDNs in realtime with low performance overheads, and requires no changes to the controllers for deployment.