Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extreme chemical variability as a consequence of channelized melt transport

The spatial and temporal variability of chemical signals in lavas, residues, and melt inclusions provides important constraints on source heterogeneity, the efficiency of convection, and melt transport processes in the mantle. The past decade has seen an impressive increase in the number, precision, and spatial resolution of chemical analyses. However, as resolution has increased, the picture of variation that emerges has become increasingly difficult to understand. For example, mid‐ocean ridge basalts can display large variations in trace element concentration on scales from 1000 km of ridge to melt inclusions in 500 micron crystals. These observations suggest that melt transport processes do not readily homogenize partially molten regions. While some of the observed variability is due to source variations, a large proportion could be the consequence of magma transport in channelized systems. We present results of numerical models that calculate the trace element signatures of high‐porosity dissolution channels produced by reactive fluid flow. These models were originally developed to explain the organization of melt transport networks, based on observations of “replacive dunites” found in ophiolites. Channelized flow can produce orders of magnitude variation in the concentrations of highly incompatible elements, even for idealized systems with a homogeneous source, constant bulk partition coefficients, and equilibrium transport. Most importantly, the full range of variability may be found in each channel because channelization can transpose the chemical variability produced by melting throughout the melting column into horizontal variability across the width of the channel. The centers of channels contain trace element–enriched melts from depth, while the edges of the channels transport highly depleted melts extracted from the interchannel regions at shallower levels. As dunite channels may be spaced on scales of 1–100 m in the mantle, this mechanism allows highly variable melt compositions to be delivered to the Moho on small length scales. The chemical variation produced in the models is consistent with that seen in melt inclusion suites, lavas, and residual mantle peridotites dredged from the ridges and sampled in ophiolites.
Encountering stereotype threat in the workplace : how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees meet the challenge of negative stereotyping.

ENCOUNTERING STEREOTYPE THREAT IN THE WORKPLACE: HOW LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER EMPLOYEES MEET THE CHALLENGE OF NEGATIVE STEREOTYPING Gary Michael Collins July 26, 2007 Employee retention continues to be a major drain on the resources of organizations, especially in terms of personnel, productivity, and financial resources. One of the primary motivators of employee turnovers established by research is the issue of unfairness in the workplace. This study investigated the dimensions of unfairness related to being a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender employee. Specifically, the issue of stereotype threat and its effect on job performance was explored. Using an on-line survey, members ofLGBT labor union caucuses and LGBT employee resource groups were asked to complete a questionnaire that assessed demographic differences and responses to issues of self-monitoring, concern for appropriateness, and self-efficacy as they related to the employee's experience of stereotype and job performance. Hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used to ascertain the effect and systemic relationships between the variables. This study documented the presence of stereotype threat in the workplace. It was also found that self-efficacy completely mediates the effect of stereotype threat on job performance. Furthermore,
Effect of Bacteriophage Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics, and Fecal Microbial Shedding in Growing Pigs

A total of 144 ((Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace)) pigs with an average initial BW of 28.85±0.63 kg were used in this 6-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely random block design. Each dietary treatment consisted of 9 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments included: i) NC (basal diet), ii) PC (NC+apramycin 0.5 g/kg), iii) BPT1 (NC+bacteriophage 0.25 g/kg) and iv) BPT2 (NC+bacteriophage 0.5 g/kg). The inclusion of antibiotics and bacteriophages did not affect the (p>0.05) ADG, ADFI and G:F compared with the basal diet. Dietary antibiotics and bacteriophages supplementation led to a higher (p<0.05) DM digestibility than the NC treatment. Pigs fed the bacteriophage supplemented diet increased (p<0.05) the N digestibility compared with those fed NC treatment. Supplementation of antibiotics led to a higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than the NC treatment. No difference (p>0.05) was observed in the RBC, WBC, lymphocyte concentration and fecal moisture among treatments. Pigs fed PC and BPT2 treatments reduced (p<0.05) the E. coli concentration compared with those fed NC treatment. The inclusion of BPT2 treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration compared with NC and PC treatment. Dietary antibiotic and bacteriophage supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the Salmonella concentration compared with NC treatment. In conclusion, our study suggested that bacteriophage at the level of 0.5 g/kg could be used as an antibiotics alternative for growing pigs.
CITRUS JUICES INHIBIT THE FUNCTION OF HUMAN ORGANIC ANION-TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE OATP-B

Human organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B; OATP2B1) is expressed in the human intestinal epithelial cells, and is suggested to be involved in the intestinal absorption of anionic drugs in vivo. Although citrus juices have been shown to inhibit the function of human OATP-A (OATP1A2), the effect of citrus juices on the OATP-B function remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of citrus juices on the function of OATP-B. The effects of citrus juices on the uptake of estrone-3-sulfate, a typical substrate for OATP-B, into human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing OATP-B were evaluated. Juices were diluted with uptake buffer, adjusted to pH 7.4 and approximately 300 mOsm, and used for the experiments. Grapefruit juice (GFJ) and orange juice (OJ) at a concentration of 5% significantly inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate by 82 and 53%, respectively. Major constituents of GFJ and OJ also significantly inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of estrone-3-sulfate. Glibenclamide, a hypoglycemic drug, was identified for the first time as a substrate for OATP-B with a Kt value of 6.26 μM. GFJ and OJ inhibited the OATP-B-mediated uptake of glibenclamide. These results suggest that citrus juices may inhibit the intestinal absorption of anionic drugs, such as glibenclamide, via the inhibition of OATP-B.
Impairment of actions chains in autism and its possible role in intention understanding

Experiments in monkeys demonstrated that many parietal and premotor neurons coding a specific motor act (e.g., grasping) show a markedly different activation when this act is part of actions that have different goals (e.g., grasping for eating vs. grasping for placing). Many of these “action-constrained” neurons have mirror properties firing selectively to the observation of the initial motor act of the actions to which they belong motorically. By activating a specific action chain from its very outset, this mechanism allows the observers to have an internal copy of the whole action before its execution, thus enabling them to understand directly the agent's intention. Using electromyographic recordings, we show that a similar chained organization exists in typically developing children, whereas it is impaired in children with autism. We propose that, as a consequence of this functional impairment, high-functioning autistic children may understand the intentions of others cognitively but lack the mechanism for understanding them experientially.
Assessment of staff attitudes to patient safety

i STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Extent of the problem 1 1.2 Background 2 1.3 Purpose of the study 4 1.4 Research question 5 1.5 Significance of the study 5 1.6 Operational definitions 6 1.8 Overview of chapters 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.
Detecting Text Reuse with Modified and Weighted N-grams

Text reuse is common in many scenarios and documents are often based, at least in part, on existing documents. This paper reports an approach to detecting text reuse which identifies not only documents which have been reused verbatim but is also designed to identify cases of reuse when the original has been rewritten. The approach identifies reuse by comparing word n-grams in documents and modifies these (by substituting words with synonyms and deleting words) to identify when text has been altered. The approach is applied to a corpus of newspaper stories and found to outperform a previously reported method.
A Review of Imaging in Psychiatry

The past decade has seen significant advances in imaging techniques used to measure structure and function in the human brain and many of these have direct relevance to psychiatry. Psychiatric disorders clearly pertain to brain function, however the underlying biology of these putative dysfunctions remains obscure. From a research perspective integrated use of novel imaging techniques in conjunction with clinical assessments now affords an opportunity to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions by allowing the in vivo investigation of abnormalities of brain function as they relate to changes in cognition, mood and behaviour. Whilst most of these imaging techniques are still very much entrenched in the research domain, it is important that clinicians understand the benefits of these new technologies while also appreciating their limitations. These imaging techniques are constantly evolving and hold significant potential to one day provide clinical insights that inform diagnosis and management.
Business process modeling with levels of abstraction

The success of a software project depends on the quality of the software requirements specifications. Business process models are frequently used for eliciting software requirements; therefore, it is critical to produce high-quality business process models. To achieve this, the use of multiple levels of abstraction has been suggested in the literature as a modeling strategy. This paper presents the findings from a survey of experienced practitioners in order to test a set of propositions to address some of the issues with this strategy. The findings show, among other things, that practitioners need to represent business processes at the strategic, tactical and operational levels of abstraction. The survey findings also provide useful insights for selecting a business process modeling notation.
One-Pass Wavelet Decompositions of Data Streams

We present techniques for computing small space representations of massive data streams. These are inspired by traditional wavelet-based approximations that consist of specific linear projections of the underlying data. We present general "sketch"-based methods for capturing various linear projections and use them to provide pointwise and rangesum estimation of data streams. These methods use small amounts of space and per-item time while streaming through the data and provide accurate representation as our experiments with real data streams show.
Morphological characteristics of brain tumors causing seizures.

OBJECTIVE To quantify size and localization differences between tumors presenting with seizures vs nonseizure neurological symptoms. DESIGN Retrospective imaging survey. We performed magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometric analysis and nonparametric mapping in patients with brain tumors. SETTING University-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty-four patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glial tumors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Volumetric and mapping methods were used to evaluate differences in size and location of the tumors in patients who presented with seizures as compared with patients who presented with other symptoms. RESULTS In high-grade gliomas, tumors presenting with seizures were smaller than tumors presenting with other neurological symptoms, whereas in low-grade gliomas, tumors presenting with seizures were larger. Tumor location maps revealed that in high-grade gliomas, deep-seated tumors in the pericallosal regions were more likely to present with nonseizure neurological symptoms. In low-grade gliomas, tumors of the temporal lobe as well as the insular region were more likely to present with seizures. CONCLUSIONS The influence of size and location of the tumors on their propensity to cause seizures varies with the grade of the tumor. In high-grade gliomas, rapidly growing tumors, particularly those situated in deeper structures, present with non-seizure-related symptoms. In low-grade gliomas, lesions in the temporal lobe or the insula grow large without other symptoms and eventually cause seizures. Quantitative image analysis allows for the mapping of regions in each group that are more or less susceptible to seizures.
TRAINING STRATEGIES AND MOVEMENT ASSESSMENTS IN ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES

OF DISSERTATION TRAINING STRATEGIES AND MOVEMENT ASSESSMENTS IN ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES This dissertation is composed of three manuscripts based on two studies related to training and assessment methods used to evaluate change and overall quality in measures of performance, postural control, and functional movement. Study one evaluated the effect of sand training on athletic performance and postural control. Study two investigated the effect of scoring strata of the deep squat (DS) component of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) on the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Lateral Flexion Test (LFT) in 101 male and female college students. Study one results included significant overall improvements of the five repetition maximum (5RM) squat (p=0.002), and WBLT (p<0.001), indicating a positive effect of the training protocol regardless of surface. The standing long jump was the only outcome measure found to have a significant group*time interaction (p=0.047). After evaluation of the associated effect size, power, and minimum detectable change (MDC) scores it was determined that the most relevant results were related to the 5RM squat and WBLT. The change observed for these variables crossed (5RM) or closely approached (WBLT) the MDC threshold. We concluded that with generalized athletic performance training squat and WBLT performance can be improved. Study two results indicated that limited dorsiflexion will lead to a reduction in DS performance and asymmetry of performance on the LFT may result in further movement limitations. Subjects scoring a one or two on the deep squat performed significantly lower (p<0.05) on the WBLT and anterior reach of the SEBT compared to those scoring a three. For the right side LFT there was a significant difference between a score of one and three (p=0.009) and a trend towards significance between scores of one and two (p=0.05). There was no significant difference between LFT performance on the left and right sides between scores of two and three. Results supported the previously established relationship between various measures of dorsiflexion and squat performance and establish a link between limited performance on the WBLT and poor performance on the FMS deep squat. Additionally, they suggest a link between asymmetrical LFT performance and further reductions in DS performance.
Trauma systems around the world: A systematic overview

BACKGROUND Implementation of trauma care systems has resulted in improved patient outcomes, but international differences obviously remain. Improvement of care can only be established if we recognize and clarify these differences. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the recent literature on the state of trauma systems globally. METHODS The literature review over the period 2000 to 2016 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Prehospital care, acute hospital care and quality assurance were classified using the World Health Organization Trauma System Maturity Index in four levels from I (least mature) to IV (most mature). RESULTS The search yielded 93 articles about trauma systems in 32 countries: 23 high-income (HI), 8 middle-income (MI) countries and 1 low-income (LI) country. Trauma-related mortality was highest in the MI and LI countries. Level IV prehospital care with Advanced Life Support was established in 19 HI countries, in contrast to the MI and LI countries where this was only reported in Brazil, China, and Turkey. In 18 HI countries, a Level III/IV hospital-based trauma system was implemented, whereas in nine LI- and MI countries Level I/II trauma systems were seen, mostly lacking dedicated trauma centers and teams. A national trauma registry was implemented in 10 HI countries. CONCLUSION Despite the presence of seemingly sufficient resources and the evidence-based benefits of trauma systems, only nine of the 23 HI countries in our review have a well-defined and documented national trauma system. Although 90% of all lethal traumatic injuries occur in middle and LI countries, according to literature which our study is limited to, only few of these countries a hold formal trauma system or trauma registry. Much can be gained concerning trauma systems in these countries, but unfortunately, the economic situation of many countries may render trauma systems not at their top priority list. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Systematic review, level III.
Optimized SFCW radar sensor aiming at fall detection in a real room environment

An optimization of a Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) radar for contactless fall detection and tag-less localization is presented and discussed. Wideband antennas with different topologies are investigated to solve the backscattering problem, which strongly overwhelms the signal when the radar is operated on a wall. Experimental evaluations with a real human subject indicated accurate detection both of fall events and of the target's absolute distance in a typical room setting.
Dietary behaviour and health in Northern Ireland: an exploration of biochemical and haematological associations.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine the relationships between dietary behaviour and biochemical and haematological measures. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional population study. SETTING--The study took place in the general community within Northern Ireland. SUBJECTS--522 randomly selected adults aged 18-64 years took part (65% of the eligible sample). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Four dietary behaviours were identified using principal components analysis from 7 d weighed dietary records described in terms of mean intake of 41 food groups. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out on non-fasting blood samples. Social, personal, and lifestyle information was ascertained through interviewer administered questionnaires. Partial correlations controlled for age and smoking behaviour were calculated. There were significant negative associations between iron status measures and the "traditional" behaviour, while the "meat and two veg" behaviour showed positive associations. There were positive associations between the "cosmopolitan" and "convenience" behaviours and folate status in women. White cell count and platelet levels in women were negatively associated with the "traditional" and "cosmopolitan" behaviours. Total cholesterol levels showed significant negative associations with the "cosmopolitan" behaviour in women and HDL cholesterol levels were positively associated with the "cosmopolitan", "convenience" and "meat and two veg" behaviours. CONCLUSIONS--Through a multivariate approach to dietary assessment it is possible to identify food combinations that cluster and interact to influence biochemical and haematological indices of health status.
Hybridity in MT. Experiments on the Europarl Corpus

(Way & Gough, 2005) demonstrate that their Marker-based EBMT system is capable of outperforming a word-based SMT system trained on reasonably large data sets. (Groves & Way, 2005) take this a stage further and demonstrate that while the EBMT system also outperforms a phrase-based SMT (PBSMT) system, a hybrid ‘example-based SMT’ system incorporating marker chunks and SMT sub-sentential alignments is capable of outperforming both baseline translation models for French{English translation. In this paper, we show that similar gains are to be had from constructing a hybrid ‘statistical EBMT’ system capable of outperforming the baseline system of (Way & Gough, 2005). Using the Europarl (Koehn, 2005) training and test sets we show that this time around, although all ‘hybrid’ variants of the EBMT system fall short of the quality achieved by the baseline PBSMT system, merging elements of the marker-based and SMT data, as in (Groves & Way, 2005), to create a hybrid ‘example-based SMT’ system, outperforms the baseline SMT and EBMT systems from which it is derived. Furthermore, we provide further evidence in favour of hybrid systems by adding an SMT target language model to all EBMT system variants and demonstrate that this too has a positive efiect on translation quality.
Antioxidant Activity and Volatile and Phenolic Profiles of Essential Oil and Different Extracts of Wild Mint (Mentha longifolia) from the Pakistani Flora

The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of the essential oil and three different extracts of wildly grown Mentha longifolia (M. longifolia) were studied. The essential oil from M. longifolia aerial parts was isolated by hydrodistillation technique using Clevenger-type apparatus. The extracts were prepared with three solvents of different polarity (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) using Soxhlet extractor. Maximum extract yield was obtained with methanol (12.6 g/100 g) while the minimum with dichloromethane (3.50 g/100 g). The essential oil content was found to be 1.07 g/100 g. A total of 19 constituents were identified in the M. longifolia oil using GC/MS. The main components detected were piperitenone oxide, piperitenone, germacrene D, borneol, and β-caryophyllene. The total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) contents of the methanol extract of M. longifolia were found to be significantly higher than dichloromethane and hexane extracts. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts exhibited excellent antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, bleaching β-carotene, and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation assays. The essential oil and hexane extract showed comparatively weaker antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The results of the study have validated the medicinal and antioxidant potential of M. longifolia essential oil and extracts.
Reducing Automatically Activated Racial Prejudice Through Implicit Evaluative Conditioning

The authors report a set of experiments that use an implicit evaluative conditioning procedure to reduce automatically activated racial prejudice in White participants in a short period and with relatively few trials. Experiment 1 demonstrated that participants were unaware of the repeated conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings of Black-good and White-bad. In Experiment 2, the procedure was found to be effective in reducing prejudice as indicated by an evaluative priming measure of automatically activated racial attitudes. In Experiment 3, this reduction in prejudice was found to persist throughout a 2-day separation between the conditioning procedure and the administration of the dependent measure. The implications of the present findings for the persistence of automatically activated racial prejudice are discussed.