Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifying Correctness of Transactional Memories

We show how to verify the correctness of transactional memory implementations with a model checker. We show how to specify transactional memory in terms of the admissible interchange of transaction operations, and give proof rules for showing that an implementation satisfies this specification. This notion of an admissible interchange is a key to our ability to use a model checker, and lets us capture the various notions of transaction conflict as characterized by Scott. We demonstrate our work using the TLC model checker to verify several well-known implementations described abstractly in the TLA+ specification language.
Elastic contact conditions to optimize friction drive of surface acoustic wave motor

The optimum pressing force, namely the preload, for a slider to obtain superior operation conditions in a surface acoustic wave motor have been examined. We used steel balls as sliders. The preload was controlled using a permanent magnet. The steel balls were 0.5, 1, and 2 mm diameter, with the differences in diameter making it possible to change contact conditions, such as the contact pressure, contact area, and deformation of the stator and the slider. The stator transducer was lithium niobate, 128 degrees rotated, y-cut x-propagation substrate. The driving frequency of the Rayleigh wave was about 10 MHz. Hence, the particle vibration amplitude at the surface is as small as 10 nm. For superior friction drive conditions, a high contact pressure was required. For example, in the case of the 1 mm diameter steel ball at the sinusoidal driving voltage of 180 V/sub peak/, the slider speed was 43 cm/sec, the thrust output force was 1 mN, and the acceleration was 23 times as large as the gravitational acceleration at a contact pressure of 390 MPa. From the Hertz theory of contact stress, the contact area radius was only 3 /spl mu/m. The estimation of the friction drive performance was carried out from the transient traveling distance of the slider in a 3 msec burst drive. As a result, the deformation of the stator and the slider by the preload should be half of the vibration amplitude. This condition was independent of the ball diameter and the vibration amplitude. The output thrust per square millimeter was 50 N, and the maximum speed was 0.7 m/sec. From these results, we conclude that it is possible for the surface acoustic wave motor to have a large output force, high speed, quick response, long traveling distance, and a thin micro linear actuator.
Does mental practice enhance performance

Mental practice is the cognitive rehearsal of a task prior to performance. Although most researchers contend that mental practice is an effective means of enhancing performance, a clear consensus is precluded because (a) mental practice is often denned so loosely as to include almost any type of mental preparation and (b) empirical results are inconclusive. A meta-analysis of the literature on mental practice was conducted to determine the effect of mental practice on performance and to identify conditions under which mental practice is most effective. Results indicated that mental practice has a positive and significant effect on performance, and the effectiveness of mental practice was moderated by the type of task, the retention interval between practice and performance, and the length or duration of the mental practice intervention. Mental practice refers to the cognitive rehearsal of a task in the absence of overt physical movement. When a musician practices a passage by thinking it through or when an athlete prepares for an event by visualizing the steps required to perform the task, he or she is engaging in mental practice. A number of studies have examined the effects of mental practice on performance. Whereas the research of Kelsey (1961) and Ryan and Simons (1982) supports the efficacy of mental practice for enhancing performance, Beasley (1978) reported negative results. An astute reviewer may be able to estimate the direction and magnitude of effect of the relationship between mental practice and performance from the preponderance of evidence across the majority of studies. For example, Richardson (1967a) concluded that most studies support the efficacy of mental practice on performance. However, Richardson, and later Corbin (1972), noted that this evidence was inconclusive. Because different studies use different types of tasks, with different types of subjects, and report different study statistics, it is difficult if not impossible to integrate these disparate research studies on an intuitive level to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness of mental practice. The purpose of this study was to integrate the literature on mental practice, summarize the overall effects of mental practice on performance, and specify the conditions under which mental practice is most effective.
A STUDY OF OPTIMAL EXTREME WIND ESTIMATION PROCEDURES

We describe work aimed at improving procedures for the estimation of non-tornadc extreme wind speeds, regardless of their direction, in regions not subjectedto hurricanes. Using the Genemlized Pareto Distribution (GPD) approach and the ConditionalMeanExceedance(CME) estimation method, we analyze 115 17-yearto 52-year sets of largest annual speeds and sets drawn from 48 15-yearto 26year records of maximum daily wind speeds. Based on this analysis we attempt an assessmentof the widely held belief that the Gumbel distribution with sitedependent location and scale pammeters is a universal model of extreme wind speeds. Some of our results suggest that the reverse Weibull distribution is a more appropriate model. This would result in more reasonable estimates of windinduced failure probabilities and wind load factors than the corresponding estimates based on the Gumbeldistribution. However, our assessment is so far only tentative owing to uncertainties inherent in our results. Future work based on lower thresholds (larger &ta samples) and alternative estimation methodsis planned.
Educational approaches for the industrial acceptance of IEC 61499

Professionals' assessments on the usefulness of IEC 61499 depend on several factors that are outside of the scope of the standard. Automation design in the industry is largely routine work that is based on copying and modifying existing domain-specific solutions, so the lack of legacy software exacerbates learning difficulties. Other factors such as team organization and the development environment also strongly affect the experience of using IEC 61499. The goal of this paper is to identify how a designer's framework needs to change before IEC 61499 can be applied successfully. Two differently organized IEC 61499 courses for professionals and researchers are described, and the impact of the educational approach on a positive experience for professionals is discussed.
Eradicating Discrimination: Identifying and Removing Workplace Barriers for Employees With Disabilities

In their focal article, Lindsey, King, Dunleavy, McCausland, and Jones (2013) make a clear and compelling call to action, identifying various ways industrial– organizational (I–O) psychologists and practitioners can help eradicate employment discrimination. In our response article, we echo this call, focusing specifically on one of the largest diversity groups that we know the least about: employees with disabilities.
Perceptual integration rapidly activates dorsal visual pathway to guide local processing in early visual areas

Rapidly grouping local elements into an organized object (i.e., perceptual integration) is a fundamental yet challenging task, especially in noisy contexts. Previous studies demonstrate that ventral visual pathway, which is widely known to mediate object recognition, engages in the process by conveying object-level information processed in high-level areas to modulate low-level sensory areas. Meanwhile, recent evidence suggests that the dorsal visual pathway, which is not typically attributable to object recognition, is also involved in the process. However, the underlying whole-brain fine spatiotemporal neuronal dynamics remains unknown. Here we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings in combination with a temporal response function (TRF) approach to dissociate the time-resolved neuronal response that specifically tracks the perceptual grouping course. We demonstrate that perceptual integration initiates robust and rapid responses along the dorsal visual pathway in a reversed hierarchical manner, faster than the ventral pathway. Specifically, the anterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) responds first (i.e., within 100 ms), followed by activities backpropagating along the dorsal pathway to early visual areas (EVAs). The IPS activity causally modulates the EVA response, even when the global form information is task-irrelevant. The IPS-to-EVA response profile fails to appear when the global form could not be perceived. Our results support the crucial function of the dorsal visual pathway in perceptual integration, by quickly extracting a coarse global template (i.e., an initial object representation) within first 100 ms to guide subsequent local sensory processing so that the ambiguities in the visual inputs can be efficiently resolved.
Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kualitas Udara Terkait Transportasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta

Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta yang mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan penanggulangan pencemaran udara menghadapi banyak kendala implementasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan kualitas udara perkotaan terkait transportasi di provinsi tersebut dengan pendekatan model sistem. Faktor yang diamati meliputi instrumen kebijakan, sumber daya dan manajemen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan sumber data primer dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan sumber data sekunder telaah dokumen. Data primer digali dari berbagai informan yang berkompeten meliputi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, Biro Hukum, Badan Pengelola Dampak Lingkungan Daerah, Dinas Perhubungan, Dinas Kesehatan dan Samsat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa instrumen kebijakan telah ada, tetapi dipersepsikan hanya berlaku untuk BPLHD. Penegakan hukum belum dilaksanakan secara semestinya karena sistem dan koordinasi belum maksimal; sumber daya manusia dan sumber dana masih kurang; rencana strategis belum ada, serta manajemen dan koordinasi belum maksimal. Untuk implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan kualitas udara perkotaan yang efektif, pembuat dan pelaksana kebijakan perlu memperhatikan beberapa faktor tersebut. Kata kunci: Kualitas udara, perkotaan, implementasi, kebijakan, transportasi Abstract The Government of DKI Jakarta Province had released some policies regarding to remedy air pollution. However, there are much problems related with urban air quality in DKI Jakarta Province. So that, purpose of this study will know implementation of urban air quality management policy related to transportation by system model approach. The matter will be studied are policy instruments, resources and management. This study is qualitative study. In this study, primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data are collected from in depth interview with competent sources such as Regional Parliamentary, Law Bureau, Regional Authority for Environmental Impact, Transportation Department, Health Department and Samsat. Secondary data are collected by conducting documents. The study result showed that policy instrument has existed, but they are perceived only effective for BPLHD, real law enforcement has been not implemented because system and coordination are not optimal, human and money resources are minimal, and there is no strategic planning so that management and coordination are not optimal. Therefore, to make implementation of urban air quality management policy become effective, the factors should be respected by related parties especially policy makers and policy implementers. Key words: Air quality, urban, implementation, policy, transportation
Enhancing Data-Driven Collaboration with Large-Scale Interactive Tabletops

Reality-based interfaces (RBIs) such as tabletop and tangible user interfaces offer unique opportunities for enhancing data-driven collaboration. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a large-scale interactive tabletop for augmenting data-driven colocated meetings of larger teams (8-12 participants). We also discuss usability challenges for large-scale tabletop interaction and present a set of design metaphors and interaction techniques for supporting collaboration around large-scale interactive tabletops. Author
Direct Instruction in Written Expression: The Effects on English Speakers and English Language Learners with Disabilities

Students with disabilities often struggle with writing tasks. In order to improve the written expression performance of high school students with deficits in written expression, a Direct Instruction writing program was implemented. The participants were six high school students in programs for individuals with learning disabilities. Three of the six students were served in programs for students who are English Language Learners. Using a multiple–probe across–participants design, the effect of the writing program was examined. The intervention was implemented over a 5–week period with maintenance checks conducted 2 and 4 weeks after the termination of instruction. Results were variable, but there appeared to be a positive trend in student writing performance as measured by correct word sequence, length of text, and the TOWL–3. Implications for practice and future directions are also provided.
Elementary school teachers' knowledge and beliefs regarding non-routine problems

This study focuses on the knowledge exhibited by 30 elementary school in-service and pre-service teachers in solving non-routine mathematical problems and on their beliefs regarding these kinds of problems. Interviews were used to reveal teachers' knowledge and beliefs. The findings indicated that these teachers had difficulty in solving non-routine problems and that their ability to solve these problems was influenced by their professional backgrounds. Most of the teachers, although failing to solve the given problems, expressed their willingness to give such problems to their students in class, explaining that such problems are important for students to learn how to solve as they help develop mathematical thinking and the skill of solving problems in everyday life. However, the teachers were unwilling to include such problems in examinations.
Changes in staphylococcal cassette chromosome type and antibiotic resistance profile in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a French hospital over an 11 year period.

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the relationship between changes in antibiotic resistance and distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) types amongst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates expressing the most frequently encountered profiles of antibiotic resistance over an 11 year period in the University Hospital of Rennes, France. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by agar diffusion. SCC typing was performed using PCR. PFGE demonstrated that isolates were phylogenetically related. RESULTS Fourteen profiles of antibiotic resistance were defined among MRSA isolates. For each resistance profile, only one SCC type was associated: four patterns corresponded to SCC type I or IA, nine to SCC type IV or IVA, and none to types II and III. One was not typed. PFGE indicated that isolates with SCC type I or IA belong to a single genetic lineage, which also includes most of the epidemic isolates, which carry SCC type IVA. In contrast to type I or IA, isolates with SCC type IV or IVA were found to be associated with several different PFGE clusters, although not all of these represent epidemic isolates. CONCLUSIONS During the course of the study, the spectrum of antibiotic resistance in MRSA isolates decreased. This occurred due to the emergence of strains with SCC type IV or IVA, which are susceptible to more antibiotics than type I or IA strains. The greater prevalence of such isolates could not be linked conclusively to the presence of SCC type IV or IVA, or to one particular PFGE cluster.
Academic and Social Impairments of Elementary School Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract. This study examined academic and social impairments of 6- to 11-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 101) versus other referred children without ADHD (n = 53) and controls (n = 24). Parent and teacher ratings showed significantly lower academic performance and lower social functioning for children with ADHD compared to other referred children without ADHD and controls. Children with ADHD scored significantly lower than controls on standardized tests of reading/language, mathematics, and written language, and lower than referred children without ADHD on mathematics. In multiple regression analyses, cognitive ability accounted for the most variance in predicting academic performance. Diagnostic status (ADHD vs. non-ADHD) accounted for the most variance in predicting parent and teacher ratings of social skills and school adaptive behavior. Significantly more children with ADHD than those without ADHD exhibited clinically significant impairment on five measures of academic performance and six measures of social behavior. Implications are discussed for assessing patterns of impairment associated with ADHD and designing appropriate academic and social interventions for students with ADHD.
Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine by workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital.

OBJECTIVES To determine the pattern of vaccine uptake by hospital personnel in a specifically designed pioneer hepatitis B vaccination programme and to highlight major lessons for ensuring success in future programmes. DESIGN A review of vaccination and employment records for a forty four-month period and comparative analysis on the basis of professional grouping and work units. SETTING Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SUBJECTS A total of 2,548 employees of the teaching hospital that have worked for a minimum of one year on a continuous basis between April 1992 and December 1995. INTERVENTIONS Procurement of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix, SmithKline Beecham) by the hospital management and provision of the same to all interested employees of the teaching hospital at no cost under a vaccination programme which was conducted on an on-site basis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 'Participation' in the vaccination programme was defined as the uptake of at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and 'compliance' defined as the receipt of the three prescribed doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. RESULTS The level of participation in the vaccination programme was high with 91.9% of the target population of hospital workers receiving at least a dose of the vaccine, while only about half (53.8%) of the group complied with receiving the required three doses of the vaccine. In terms of participation, by professional grouping, laboratory workers and nurses recorded the lowest rates (82.5% and 84% respectively), while 100% participation was recorded in respect of the staff of engineering, medical records, pharmacy and physiotherapy departments. The highest rate of compliance (receipt of three doses) was also found among non-clinical workers (medical record personnel--76.3% and engineering staff--69.5%) while the lowest rate was found among nurses (39.7%) and doctors (40.3%). CONCLUSION Workers with the highest possibility of knowledge of, and exposure to hepatitis B infection within the hospital setting--doctors, nurses, and laboratory workers--showed the greatest apathy to the vaccination programme. Reasons for this trend demand close examination, and subsequently, identification of specific action that needs to be taken to improve the uptake of the vaccine by the target population, particularly the high-risk groups, in future programmes. Among others, targeting all groups of workers with appropriate education on the infection; active involvement of professional groups in the planning and execution of the vaccination programme; and review of the implementation logistics are some of the key points to note for future programmes.
DEVELOPMENT OF WALL SHEAR STRESS IN GÖRTLER VORTEX FLOW

The development of wall shear stress in Görtler vortex flow was investigated by hot-wire measurements. The wavelengths of the vortices were pre-set by thin vertical perturbation wires so to produce the most amplified wavelengths. Three different vortex wavelengths of 12 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm were considered, and near-wall velocity measurements were carried out to obtain the “linear” layers of velocity profiles in the boundary layers. The wall shear stress coefficient Cf was estimated from the velocity gradient of the “linear” layer. The spanwise-averaged wall shear stress coefficient f C , which initially follows the Blasius curve, increases well above the local turbulent boundary layer value further downstream due to the nonlinear effect of Görtler instability and the secondary instability modes. Three different regions are identified based on the streamwise development of f C , namely linear, nonlinear, and transition to turbulence regions. The onset of nonlinear region is defined as the streamwise location where the f C begins to depart from the Blasius curve. In the nonlinear region, the spanwise distribution of Cf at the downwash becomes narrower, and there is no inflection point found further downstream.
Modeling Amyloid Diseases in Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster

Amyloidoses are a heterogeneous group of diverse etiology diseases. They are characterized by an endogenous production of abnormal proteins called amyloid proteins, which are not hydrosoluble, form depots in various organs and cause functional dysfunctions [Westermark et al., 2007]. Despite of their different structures, these proteins are probably generated by a common pathological pathway. Twentyseven such proteins have been identified as amyloid precursors in humans [Sipe et al., 2010]. However, the question how and why these proteins form aggregates and cause disease is not still completely clear. A wide range of common neurodegenerative diseases is associated with amyloidosis such as Alzheimer's disease and CreutzfeldtJakob disease, as well as non-neuropathic diseases, such as senile systemic amyloidosis and type II diabetes. At present, there is not an effective treatment to prevent these amyloid diseases. To understand the pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutic strategies, it is crucial to generate animal models of amyloid diseases in genetically tractable organisms. During the last decades, the genetically amenable fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was established as a valuable model system for the study of variety of human neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy [Bilen & Bonini. , 2005; Lu & Vogel. , 2009]. The advantages of using the Drosophila model are that flies have a short lifespan, small size, large number of individuals and simplicity in genetic manipulation [Hirth, 2010]. In addition, Drosophila represents a useful model for screening and testing chemical compounds. Moreover, Drosophila is an ideal model for screening genetic modifiers of pathogenic process due to their potential to prevent or ameliorate the disease [Marsh & Thompson. , 2006]. In this review we will summarize recent progress in developing of fly models for amyloid disease. We address the following issues: (1) creating models of human amyloidosis in Drosophila (Alzheimer’ disease, prion disease, senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy) and (2) screening of chemical and peptide compounds, as well as modifier genes of protein toxicity in the fly model.