Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of an online translation tool when applied to patient educational material.

BACKGROUND Language barriers may prevent clinicians from tailoring patient educational material to the needs of individuals with limited English proficiency. Online translation tools could fill this gap, but their accuracy is unknown. We evaluated the accuracy of an online translation tool for patient educational material. METHODS We selected 45 sentences from a pamphlet available in both English and Spanish, and translated it into Spanish using GoogleTranslate™ (GT). Three bilingual Spanish speakers then performed a blinded evaluation on these 45 sentences, comparing GT-translated sentences to those translated professionally, along four domains: fluency (grammatical correctness), adequacy (information preservation), meaning (connotation maintenance), and severity (perceived dangerousness of an error if present). In addition, evaluators indicated whether they had a preference for either the GT-translated or professionally translated sentences. RESULTS The GT-translated sentences had significantly lower fluency scores compared to the professional translation (3.4 vs. 4.7, P < 0.001), but similar adequacy (4.2 vs. 4.5, P = 0.19) and meaning (4.5 vs. 4.8, P = 0.29) scores. The GT-translated sentences were more likely to have any error (39% vs. 22%, P = 0.05), but not statistically more likely to have a severe error (4% vs. 2%, P = 0.61). Evaluators preferred the professional translation for complex sentences, but not for simple ones. DISCUSSION When applied to patient educational material, GT performed comparably to professional human translation in terms of preserving information and meaning, though it was slightly worse in preserving grammar. In situations where professional human translations are unavailable or impractical, online translation may someday fill an important niche.
An Examination of Variability and Its Basic Properties for a Factory

Variability is a key performance index of a factory. In order to characterize variability of a factory, definitions of bottleneck, utilization, and variability of a single machine are reexamined and clarified. The clarification leads to the introduction of a detail expression for the relationship between cycle time and work-in-progress. In order to quantify variability for factories, the author uses a single machine system to gauge the behaviors, and subsequently derives an explicit expression for the variability, of a simple factory, making use of analogy and the clarified definitions. The obtained results can be applied to many subjects in the field of manufacturing management, such as factory performance analysis, capacity planning, and cycle time reduction. With the derived results, properties of variability for a simple factory in the aspects of utilization versus throughput bottlenecks and nonthroughput bottlenecks, gap effects, and bounds on variability, are examined in detail to shed light on the insights of the stochastic behaviors of a complex factory.
Globalization, Information And Communication Technologies (ICTS) And Open/Distance Learning In Nigeria: Trends, Issues And Solution

The main thrust of this paper is to discuss the development of open and distance education in Nigeria and the major manifestations of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education in open and distance learning. This study further discusses the importance and use of ICTs in open and distance learning in making education accessible to a larger population of students. From that vantage point this paper reviews the phenomenon of ICTs in open and distance learning in developing countries such as Nigeria.
Transcription and Chromatin Organization of a Housekeeping Gene Cluster Containing an Integrated β-Globin Locus Control Region

The activity of locus control regions (LCR) has been correlated with chromatin decondensation, spreading of active chromatin marks, locus repositioning away from its chromosome territory (CT), increased association with transcription factories, and long-range interactions via chromatin looping. To investigate the relative importance of these events in the regulation of gene expression, we targeted the human β-globin LCR in two opposite orientations to a gene-dense region in the mouse genome containing mostly housekeeping genes. We found that each oppositely oriented LCR influenced gene expression on both sides of the integration site and over a maximum distance of 150 kilobases. A subset of genes was transcriptionally enhanced, some of which in an LCR orientation-dependent manner. The locus resides mostly at the edge of its CT and integration of the LCR in either orientation caused a more frequent positioning of the locus away from its CT. Locus association with transcription factories increased moderately, both for loci at the edge and outside of the CT. These results show that nuclear repositioning is not sufficient to increase transcription of any given gene in this region. We identified long-range interactions between the LCR and two upregulated genes and propose that LCR-gene contacts via chromatin looping determine which genes are transcriptionally enhanced.
EDDY CURRENT MODELING OF FERRITE-CORE PROBES, APPLICATION TO THE SIMULATION OF EDDY CURRENT SIGNALS FROM SURFACE BREAKING FLAWS IN AUSTENITIC STEEL

Abstract: The CEA has developed a fast model for the simulation of ferrite-cored probes. This model is based on the formalism of the Green's dyadic functions. It can be used for the design of new probes and for the simulation of Eddy Current (EC) signals. This paper presents the simulation of EC signal from surface breaking flaws in austenitic stainless steel. The effect of the ferrite core is analyzed in the normalized impedance diagram and the distribution of the EC in an austenitic slab is given for a ferrite-cored probe. It is shown that the responses of an absolute coil and of a transmit/receive probe can be significantly different regarding to the length of a notch. The model has been validated by comparison with experimental data in the framework of a joint project between CEA and EDF aimed at the characterization of the depth of surface breaking flaws in austenitic stainless steel 304L. The simulation of absolute, differential and transmit/receive probe with ferrite core will be integrated in the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) platform CIVA.
Differential Geometry Applications to Vision Systems

Integrating ideas from differential geometry and optimization, this chapter develops and applies novel parameterization-based framework to address optimization problems formulated on a smooth manifold, particularly those arise in computer vision. The framework views the manifold as a collection of local coordinate charts. It involves successive parameterizations of a manifold, carrying out optimization of the local cost function in parameter space and then projecting the optimal vector back to the manifold. Newton-type algorithms based on this approach are devised and its local quadratic convergent rate is established via mathematical proof.
Neurotensin Phosphorylates GSK-3 A / B through the Activation of PKC in Human Colon Cancer Cells 1

Neurotensin (NT), a gastrointestinal hormone, binds its receptor [neurotensin receptor (NTR)] to regulate the growth of normal and neoplastic intestinal cells; molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we show that NT induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3A/B in the human colon cancer cell line HT29, HCT116, or SW480, which possesses highaffinity NTR. The effect of NT was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), but not by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase (MEK1) or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, suggesting a predominant role for PKC in GSK-3b phosphorylation by NT. Pretreatment with Gö6976 (which inhibits PKCa and PKCb1) or downregulation of endogenous PKCa or PKCb1 blocked NT-mediated GSK-3b (but not GSK-3a) phosphorylation. Moreover, a selective PKCb inhibitor, LY379196, reduced NTmediated GSK-3b (but not GSK-3a) phosphorylation, suggesting a role for PKCb1 in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3b and an undefined kinase in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3a. Treatment with NT or the GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 increased the expression of cyclin D1, a downstream effector protein of GSK-3 and a critical protein for the proliferation of various cells. Our results indicate that NT uses PKC-dependent pathways to modulate GSK-3, which may play a role in the NT regulation of intestinal cell growth. Neoplasia (2006) 8, 781–787
The associations between serum biomarkers and stenosis of the coronary arteries

Serum biochemical indices reflect dynamic physiological and pathophysiological processes within the body, the associations between these markers and the number of stenotic coronary arteries have been rarely studied. 627 healthy controls and 1,049 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients were sequentially recruited in our hospital. The association patterns between serum biochemical markers and the numbers of stenotic coronary arteries were evaluated in a cross-sectional manner. Upon binary multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factor patterns differed by gender. Age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and homocysteine (HCY) were common risk factors for CHD in both males and females. Upon ordinal multiple logistic regression analysis, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and lipoprotein (Lp) (a) increased, and HDL decreased, as the number of stenotic coronary arteries increased in male patients. Age and Lp(a) were positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and total bilirubin (TBil) was negatively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in female patients. Age and Lp(a) were common risk factors positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in both male and female patients. HDL and LDL were male-specific risk factors and TBil was a female-specific risk factor for an increasing number of stenotic coronary arteries. In conclusion, serum biomarker levels correlated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and showed gender different patterns.
CD14 Gene Variants and Their Importance for Childhood Croup, Atopy, and Asthma

Background. The CD14 gene has an important role in the detection of inflammatory provoking pathogens and in the ensuing signaling of the innate immune response. We assessed the role of CD14 C-159T, G-1359T in the expression of asthma, croup, and allergy in Canadian school children of ages 6 to 14 years. Methods. Children attending schools in a rural community participated in a cross-sectional survey of respiratory health. Following consent, we conducted clinical assessments to collect buccal swabs for genotyping and perform skin prick testing (SPT) to determine atopic status. Genotyping and SPT results were available for 533 and 499 children, respectively. Separate multivariable analyses that included both polymorphisms were conducted for each phenotype. Results. The prevalence of asthma, allergy, and croup was 18.6%, 22.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. Children with the T/T variant of CD14 G-1359T were more likely to have physician diagnosed asthma (26.8%). Children with C/C variant of CD14 C-159T had a significantly lower prevalence of croup (2.6%). Haplotype analyses of the two CD14 polymorphisms showed that individuals with the T|T haplotype combination were significantly more likely to have asthma (P = 0.014). Conclusions. In this study, CD14 variants are important for the expression of croup and asthma but not atopy.
Decoding Performance for Hand Movements: EEG vs. MEG

A direct comparison of the decoding performance of EEG and MEG in respect of hand movements is provided in this study. We recorded simultaneously EEG and MEG signals of the human contralateral motor cortex during center-out movements (four targets) and decoded directions by regularized linear discriminant analysis. Similar maximum decoding power (DP) was found for EEG (54%) and MEG (57%) ~450ms after movement onset, using EEG+MEG the DP remained at 57%. No significant (p>0.05) difference for the maximum DP between the three signals was found. EEG and MEG provided significant (p<0.05) DP ~0ms and ~-100ms relative to movement onset. In conclusion, EEG and MEG yield approximately the same maximal DP in this paradigm with the MEG allowing for a slightly and significantly (p<0.05) earlier decoding than the EEG.
Longitudinal changes in task-evoked brain responses in Parkinson's disease patients with and without mild cognitive impairment

Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease. Previous cross-sectional research has demonstrated a link between cognitive impairments and fronto-striatal dopaminergic dysmodulation. However, longitudinal studies that link disease progression with altered task-evoked brain activity are lacking. Therefore, our objective was to longitudinally evaluate working-memory related brain activity changes in Parkinson's disease patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients were recruited within a longitudinal cohort study of incident patients with idiopathic parkinsonism. We longitudinally (at baseline examination and at 12-months follow-up) compared 28 patients with Parkinson's disease without MCI with 11 patients with Parkinson's disease and MCI. Functional MRI blood oxygen level dependent signal was measured during a verbal two-back working-memory task. Patients with MCI under-recruited bilateral medial prefrontal cortex at both time-points (main effect of group: p < 0.001, uncorrected). Critically, a significant group-by-time interaction effect (p < 0.001, uncorrected) was found in the right fusiform gyrus, indicating that working-memory related activity decreased for patients with Parkinson's disease and MCI between baseline and follow-up, while patients without MCI were stable across time-points. The functional connectivity between right fusiform gyrus and bilateral caudate nucleus was stronger for patients without MCI relative to patients with MCI. Our findings support the view that deficits in working-memory updating are related to persistent fronto-striatal under-recruitments in patients with early phase Parkinson's disease and MCI. The longitudinal evolution of MCI in Parkinson's disease translates into additional task-evoked posterior cortical changes.
Periodontal status differences between chronic periodontitis patient with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

National Basic Health Research of Indonesia in 2013 stated there were 6.9% proportion of Indonesian population or about 12 million people suffered from diabetic mellitus. Periodontitis is the most related oral disease with diabetic mellitus, but there are still lack of studies about this relationship especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to understand the comparison of periodontal status among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and non-diabetics with chronic periodontitis. The periodontal status of interest includes periodontal pockets, gingival recession, and attachment loss. A cross-sectional study method is used using 97 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 97 subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus, sourced from medical record status in Periodontics Clinic, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia during 2007-2016. It was statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean values of pocket depth, gingival recession, and attachment lost on subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus (p value<0,05). In conclusion, there are periodontal status differences between chronic periodontitis patient with and without T2DM, with findings on deeper pocket depth, bigger gingival recession, and greater attachment lost on subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(1): 175-180)
Computational Modeling of Patellofemoral Joint Motion of Human Knee

Knee joint is the largest joint in the human body. Inspite of its important roles, it has a fairly unstable joint design and can degenerate over time. For most of the knee joint problems, surgical intervention is needed to restore normal knee joint functionality. However, knee surgery is a complex operation. If the surgery is not performed correctly, it may introduce pain on the knee, abnormal knee motion and accelerate the degenerative process of the knee. Therefore, precise pre-operative planning is very important to ensure normal knee functionality after the surgery. One approach to pre-operative planning is to model knee joint function computationally. Due to the complexity of the interactions, modeling of knee joint function is a challenging task. Existing models of knee joint function are appropriate only for medical research but not routine clinical practice for pre-operative surgery planning. Our overall research aims to resolve this issue by developing a subject-specific knee model that is appropriate for routine clinical practice. As a start, this QE paper focuses on modeling the patellofemoral joint, which is the simplest joint that makes up the whole knee joint.
Climate change and freshwater ecosystems in Oceania : an assessment of vulnerability and adaptation opportunities

Human-forced climate change significantly threatens the world’s freshwater ecosystems, through projected changes to rainfall, temperature and sea level. We examined the threats and adaptation opportunities to climate change in a diverse selection of rivers and wetlands from Oceania (Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Islands). We found common themes, but also important regional differences. In regulated floodplain rivers in dry regions (i.e. Australia), reduced flooding projected with climate change is a veneer on current losses, but impacts ramp up by 2070. Increasing drought threatens biota as the time between floods extends. Current measures addressing water allocations and dam management can be extended to adapt to climate change, with water buy-back and environmental flows critical. Freshwater wetlands along coastal Oceania are threatened by elevated salinity as sea level rises, potentially mitigated by levee banks. In mountainous regions of New Zealand, the biodiversity of largely pristine glacial and snow melt rivers is threatened by temperature increases, particularly endemic species. Australian snow melt rivers face similar problems, compounding impacts of hydro-electric schemes. Translocation of species and control of invasive species are the main adaptations. Changes to flow regime and rising water temperatures and sea levels are the main threats of climate change on freshwater ecosystems. Besides lowering emissions, reducing impacts of water consumption and protecting or restoring connectivity and refugia are key adaptations for conservation of freshwater ecosystems. Despite these clear imperatives, policy and management has been slow to respond, even in developed regions with significant resources to tackle such complex issues.
Keratin 1 maintains skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in skin through interleukin-18

Summary Keratin 1 (KRT1) and its heterodimer partner keratin 10 (KRT10) are major constituents of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in suprabasal epidermis. KRT1 mutations cause epidermolytic ichthyosis in humans, characterized by loss of barrier integrity and recurrent erythema. In search of the largely unknown pathomechanisms and the role of keratins in barrier formation and inflammation control, we show here that Krt1 is crucial for maintenance of skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in murine keratinocytes. Absence of Krt1 caused a prenatal increase in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, accompanied by a barrier defect and perinatal lethality. Depletion of IL-18 partially rescued Krt1−/− mice. IL-18 release was keratinocyte-autonomous, KRT1 and caspase-1 dependent, supporting an upstream role of KRT1 in the pathology. Finally, transcriptome profiling revealed a Krt1-mediated gene expression signature similar to atopic eczema and psoriasis, but different from Krt5 deficiency and epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Our data suggest a functional link between KRT1 and human inflammatory skin diseases.
Private saving in India

This article studies the evolution of the private saving rate in India during 1960-9S. Its distinctive feature is that it proposes three new measures of private saving, which are incremental improvements to the (naive) national accounts measure. The improvements consist of accounting for capital losses to private net worth due to inflation, including expenditures on durable goods as a form of saving, and expanding the definition of saving to include human capital expenditures. After examining descriptive trends and reviewing the related literature, the article tests the hypothesis that households that save in India 'pierce the corporate veil. ' The evidence shows that, in fact, changes in corporate saving are offset by changes in household saving, indicating that the unit of analysis should be aggregate private saving. The core analytical section of the article studies how the behavior of the private saving rate is related to the real interest rate, per capita income, the dependency ratio, financial depth, the government saving rate, and the share of agriculture in gross domestic product. The empirical analysis is done by estimating error-correction models on aggregate annual data, although most of the discussion centers on long-run effects.
The ghost in the machine: observing the effects of kernel operation on parallel application performance

The performance of a parallel application on a scalable HPC system is determined by user-level execution of the application code are system-level (OS kernel) operations. To understand the influences of system-level factors on application performance, the measurement of OS kernel activities is key. We describe a technology to observe kernel actions and make this information available to application-level performance measurement tools. The benefits of merged application and OS performance information and its use in parallel performance analysis are demonstrated, both for profiling and tracing methodologies. In particular, we focus on the problem of kernel noise assessment as a stress test of the approach. We show new results for characterizing noise and introduce new techniques for evaluating noise interference and its effects on application execution. Our kernel measurement and noise analysis technologies are being developed as part of Linux OS environments for scalable parallel systems.