Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Delinquent Behavior

s International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 62 (3-B), 1615. Harris, M. P. (1998). The relationships of parenting style to early childhood temperament. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 59(5-B): 2454. Havill, V. L. (1996). Developmental trajectories of behavior problems in early childhood: The role of parenting style and child temperament. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 57(6-B), 4063.s International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 57(6-B), 4063. Hickman, G. , Bartholomae, S. , McKenry, P., (Jan –Feb, 2000). Influence of parenting style on the adjustment and academic achievement of traditional college freshman. Journal of College Student Development, 41(1), 41-54. Hovestadt, A. , Anderson, W. , Piercy, F. , Cochran, S. , & Fine, M. (1985). A family-of origin scale. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 11(3), 287-297. Lindner, M. G. , & Hetherington, E. M. (1999). Parental religiosity, parenting style, and adolescent social responsibility. Journal of Early Adolescence Special Issue: Prosocial and Moral Development in Early Adolescence, Part II, 19(2), 199-225. Lomeo, C. M. (1999). Identity development: The links between coping style, sibling relationships, and parenting style. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 59(7-B), 3737. Maccoby, E. E. , & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, Personality and Social Development (4th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley. McCarthy, K. A. (1995). The differential impact of parenting style on African American and white early adolescents’ adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 56(2-B), 1115. Miller, J. M. , DiOrio, C. , & Dudley, W. (2002). Parenting style and adolescent’s reaction to conflict: Is there a relationship. Journal of Adolescent Health,
Effects of Intrathecal Ketamine in the Neonatal Rat: Evaluation of Apoptosis and Long-term Functional Outcome

Background:Systemic ketamine can trigger apoptosis in the brain of rodents and primates during susceptible developmental periods. Clinically, spinally administered ketamine may improve the duration or quality of analgesia in children. Ketamine-induced spinal cord toxicity has been reported in adult animals but has not been systematically studied in early development. Methods:In anesthetized rat pups, intrathecal ketamine was administered by lumbar percutaneous injection. Changes in mechanical withdrawal threshold evaluated dose-dependent antinociceptive and carrageenan-induced antihyperalgesic effects in rat pups at postnatal day (P) 3 and 21. After intrathecal injection of ketamine at P3, 7, or 21, spinal cords were examined for apoptosis (Fluoro-Jade C and activated caspase-3), histopathologic change, and glial responses (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acid protein). After maximal doses of ketamine or saline at P3 or P21, sensory thresholds and gait analysis were evaluated at P35. Results:Intrathecal injection of 3 mg/kg ketamine at P3 and 15 mg/kg at P21 reverses carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. Baseline neuronal apoptosis in the spinal cord was greater at P3 than P7, predominantly in the dorsal horn. Intrathecal injection of 3–10 mg/kg ketamine in P3 pups (but not 15 mg/kg at P21) acutely increased apoptosis and microglial activation in the spinal cord and altered spinal function (reduced mechanical withdrawal threshold and altered static gait parameters) at P35. Conclusions:Because acute pathology and long-term behavioral change occurred in the same dose range as antihyperalgesic effects, the therapeutic ratio of intrathecal ketamine is less than one in the neonatal rat. This measure facilitates comparison of the relative safety of spinally administered analgesic agents.
A Model of Conversation Processing Based on Micro Conversational Events

I present a theory of discourse interpretation based on the h ypothesis that the common ground of a conversation contains a record not only of complete speech acts, but, more in general , of each action of uttering a contribution to the conversatio n: single words, word fragments, and fillers. I call the action o f uttering a ‘minimal’ contribution aMICRO CONVERSATIONAL EVENT. This model can serve as the basis for accounts of reference resolution in spoken conversations, as well as the in eraction between parsing, repair, and reference resolution.
Renormalization group domains of the scalar Hamiltonian

Using the local potential approximation of the exact renormalization group (RG) equation, we show the various domains of values of the parameters of the O(1)-symmetric scalar Hamiltonian. In three dimensions, in addition to the usual critical surface $S_{c}$ (attraction domain of the Wilson-Fisher fixed point), we explicitly show the existence of a first-order phase transition domain $S_{f}$ separated from $S_{c}$ by the tricritical surface $S_{t}$ (attraction domain of the Gaussian fixed point). $S_{f}$ and $S_{c}$ are two distinct domains of repulsion for the Gaussian fixed point, but $S_{f}$ is not the basin of attraction of a fixed point. $S_{f}$ is characterized by an endless renormalized trajectory lying entirely in the domain of negative values of the $\phi ^{4}$-coupling. This renormalized trajectory exists also in four dimensions making the Gaussian fixed point ultra-violet stable (and the $\phi_{4}^{4}$ renormalized field theory asymptotically free but with a wrong sign of the perfect action). We also show that very retarded classical-to-Ising crossover may exist in three dimensions (in fact below four dimensions). This could be an explanation of the unexpected classical critical behavior observed in some ionic systems.
TCP throughput performance in IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop wireless networks

This paper studies TCP throughput performance in IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop wireless networks where nodes can have different physical transmission modes, e.g., modulation schemes and packet transmission rates. The physical transmission modes affect the link layer transmission performance, which further affects the TCP throughput performance. Selecting the TCP congestion window size is important for improving TCP throughput. We use simulation to demonstrate the effect of different physical layer modes on the TCP throughput performance and find the optimal TCP window size upper bound.
Yeast osmosensor Sln1 and plant cytokinin receptor Cre1 respond to changes in turgor pressure

Very little is known about how cellular osmosensors monitor changes in osmolarity of the environment. Here, we report that in yeast, Sln1 osmosensor histidine kinase monitors changes in turgor pressures. Reductions in turgor caused by either hyperosmotic stress, nystatin, or removal of cell wall activate MAPK Hog1 specifically through the SLN1 branch, but not through the SHO1 branch of the high osmolarity glycerol pathway. The integrity of the periplasmic region of Sln1 was essential for its sensor function. We found that activity of the plant histidine kinase cytokinin response 1 (Cre1) is also regulated by changes in turgor pressure, in a manner identical to that of Sln1, in the presence of cytokinin. We propose that Sln1 and Cre1 are turgor sensors, and that similar turgor-sensing mechanisms might regulate hyperosmotic stress responses both in yeast and plants.
The relationship between membrane fluidity and permeabilities to water, solutes, ammonia, and protons

Several barrier epithelia such as renal collecting duct, urinary bladder, and gastric mucosa maintain high osmotic pH and solute gradients between body compartments and the blood by means of apical membranes of exceptionally low permeabilities. Although the mechanisms underlying these low permeabilities have been only poorly defined, low fluidity of the apical membrane has been postulated. The solubility diffusion model predicts that lower membrane fluidity will reduce permeability by reducing the ability of permeant molecules to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. However, little data compare membrane fluidity with permeability properties, and it is unclear whether fluidity determines permeability to all, or only some substances. We therefore studied the permeabilities of a series of artificial large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of eight different compositions, exhibiting a range of fluidities encountered in biological membranes. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin content and acyl chain saturation were varied to create a range of fluidities. LUV anisotropy was measured as steady state fluorescence polarization of the lipophilic probe DPH. LUV permeabilities were determined by monitoring concentration-dependent or pH-sensitive quenching of entrapped carboxyfluorescein on a stopped- flow fluorimeter. The relation between DPH anisotropy and permeability to water, urea, acetamide, and NH3 was well fit in each instance by single exponential functions (r > 0.96), with lower fluidity corresponding to lower permeability. By contrast, proton permeability correlated only weakly with fluidity. We conclude that membrane fluidity determines permeability to most nonionic substances and that transmembrane proton flux occurs in a manner distinct from flux of other substances.
What makes things fun to learn? heuristics for designing instructional computer games

In this paper, I will describe my intuitions about what makes computer games fun. More detailed descriptions of the experiments and the theory on which this paper is based are given by Malone (1980a, 1980b). My primary goal here is to provide a set of heuristics or guidelines for designers of instructional computer games. I have articulated and organized common sense principles to spark the creativity of instructional designers (see Banet, 1979, for an unstructured list of similar principles). To demonstrate the usefulness of these principles, I have included several applications to actual or proposed instructional games. Throughout the paper I emphasize games with educational uses, but I focus on what makes the games fun, not on what makes them educational. Though I will not emphasize the point in this paper, these same ideas can be applied to other educational environments and life situations. In a sense, the categories I will describe constitute a general taxonomy of intrinsic motivation—of what makes an activity fun or rewarding for its own sake rather than for the sake of some external reward (See Lepper and Greene, 1979). I think the essential characteristics of good computer games and other intrinsically enjoyable situations can be organized into three categories: challenge, fantasy, and curiosity.
Structural stability of silica at high pressures and temperatures

The high-pressure phase diagram of SiO2 has been calculated using density-functional perturbation theory. We find that phase transitions of silica do not correspond to any observed seismic discontinuities within the Earth. We analyze the breakdown of close packing occurring in SiO2 above 200 GPa and conclude that it is due to asphericity and deformability of ions, which can generally lead to the formation on non-close-packed structures at high pressure. Our calculations indicate that pyrite-structured SiO2, stable above 200 GPa, has no soft modes down to ambient pressure and could, therefore, be quenchable. Above 750 GPa a cotunnite-type phase is stable.
Some Probabilistic Trees with Algebraic Roots

In this article we consider several probabilistic processes defining random grapha. One of these processes appeared recently in connection with a factorization problem in the symmetric group. For each of the probabilistic processes, we prove that the probability for the random graph to be a tree has an extremely simple expression, which is independent of most parameters of the problem. This raises many open questions.
Affect and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life

Emotions can be important triggers of a variety of behaviors, including pro-environmental behavior. However, relationships between affect and pro-environmental behavior are so far not well understood, and a very limited amount of previous research has examined the dynamic relationship between affect and pro-environmental behavior in people’s daily lives. Such research is necessary as it has the potential to contribute to theories of pro-environmental behavior by showing that daily affect matters for pro-environmental behavior. It also can inform practice by showing how proenvironmental behavior may be more successfully encouraged. The overarching aim of this thesis is to examine links between everyday affective experiences and pro-environmental behavior. The three main Research Questions are: How do daily affective experiences relate to daily proenvironmental behavior? Are different types of daily affective experiences related to different types of daily pro-environmental behaviors? Do daily affective experiences interact with more stable characteristics of the individual (i.e., pro-environmental attitude) and perceived context (i.e., social norms) in relation to pro-environmental behavior? Chapter 2 reviews traditional approaches to understanding pro-environmental behavior and introduces a novel multilevel perspective on pro-environmental behavior with a focus on temporally stable and fluctuating aspects of, and factors relating to, pro-environmental behavior. This chapter presents a range of topics that could be researched by applying such a perspective, with relationships between affect and pro-environmental behavior included as one potential topic. It is argued that people’s pro-environmental behavior and affective experiences vary from day to day and, thus, should be conceptualized and operationalized accordingly. Chapter 2 advocates the use of daily diary and experience sampling methodologies in order to capture the dynamic relationship between affect and pro-environmental behavior as it occurs in people’s everyday lives. Chapter 3 applies the multilevel perspective introduced in Chapter 2 to investigate the relationship between daily affect and pro-environmental behavior in the work place. Specifically, Chapter 3 examines daily activated positive affect (i.e., feeling enthusiastic and excited) and unactivated positive affect (i.e., feeling calm and relaxed) in relation to daily task-related proenvironmental behavior (i.e., the extent to which employees complete required work tasks in environmentally-friendly ways) and daily proactive pro-environmental behavior (i.e., the extent to which employees show personal initiative when acting in environmentally-friendly ways at work). Pro-environmental attitude is examined as a moderator of these relationships. Using a daily diary study design (N = 56; 910 daily entries), this study demonstrates that daily unactivated positive affect and pro-environmental attitude positively predict daily task-related pro-environmental behavior. It also shows that daily activated positive affect positively predicts daily proactive pro-
The Role of Different Types of Information Systems In Business Organizations- A Review

For the last twenty years, different kinds of information systems are developed for different purposes, depending on the need of the business . In today’s business world, there are varieties of information systems such as transaction processing systems (TPS), office automation systems (OAS), management information systems (MIS), decision support system (DSS), and executive information systems (EIS), Expert System (ES) etc . Each plays a different role in organizational hierarchy and management operations. This study attempts to explain the role of each type of information systems in business organizations.
FROM CLASSICAL CHAOS TO DECOHERENCE IN ROBERTSON–WALKER COSMOLOGY

We analyze the relationship between classical chaos and particle creation in Robertson–Walker cosmological models with gravity coupled with a scalar field. Within our class of models chaos and particle production are seen to arise in the same cases. Particle production is viewed as the seed of decoherence, which enables the quantum to classical transition and ensures that the correspondence between the quantum and classically chaotic models will be valid.
Spectral and Temporal Sensitivity of Cone-Mediated Responses in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

The retina uses two photoreceptor types to encode the wide range of light intensities in the natural environment. Rods mediate vision in dim light, whereas cones mediate vision in bright light. Mouse photoreceptors include only 3% cones, and the majority of these coexpress two opsins (short- and middle-wavelength sensitive, S and M), with peak sensitivity to either ultraviolet (360 nm) or green light (508 nm). The M/S-opsin ratio varies across the retina but has not been characterized functionally, preventing quantitative study of cone-mediated vision. Furthermore, physiological and behavioral measurements suggested that mouse retina supports relatively slow temporal processing (peak sensitivity, ∼2–5 Hz) compared to primates; however, past studies used visible wavelengths that are inefficient at stimulating mouse S-opsin. Here, we measured the M/S-opsin expression ratio across the mouse retina, as reflected by ganglion cell responses in vitro, and probed cone-mediated ganglion cell temporal properties using ultraviolet light stimulation and linear systems analysis. From recordings in mice lacking rod function (Gnat1−/−, Rho−/−), we estimate ∼70% M-opsin expression in far dorsal retina, dropping to <5% M-opsin expression throughout ventral retina. In mice lacking cone function (Gnat2cpfl3), light-adapted rod-mediated responses peaked at ∼5–7 Hz. In wild-type mice, cone-mediated responses peaked at ∼10 Hz, with substantial responsiveness up to ∼30 Hz. Therefore, despite the small percentage of cones, cone-mediated responses in mouse ganglion cells are fast and robust, similar to those in primates. These measurements enable quantitative analysis of cone-mediated responses at all levels of the visual system.
The initial mass function of the rich young cluster NGC 1818 in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We use deep Hubble Space Telescope photometry of the rich, young (∼20- to 45-Myr old) star cluster NGC 1818 in the Large Magellanic Cloud to derive its stellar mass function (MF) down to ∼0.15 M ⊙ · This represents the deepest robust MF thus far obtained for a stellar system in an extragalactic, low-metallicity ([Fe/H] ≃ -0.4 dex) environment. Combining our results with the published MF for masses above 1.0 M ⊙ , we obtain a complete present-day MF. This is a good representation of the cluster's initial MF (IMF), particularly at low masses, because our observations are centred on the cluster's uncrowded half-mass radius. Therefore, stellar and dynamical evolution of the cluster will not have affected the low-mass stars significantly. The NGC 1818 IMF is well described by both a lognormal and a broken power-law distribution with slopes of Γ = 0.46 ± 0.10 and Γ ≃ ―1.35 (Salpeter-like) for masses in the range from 0.15 to 0.8 M ⊙ and greater than 0.8 M ⊙ , respectively. Within the uncertainties, the NGC 1818 IMF is fully consistent with both the Kroupa solar neighbourhood and the Chabrier lognormal mass distributions.
Positivity, discontinuity, finite resources, nonzero error for arbitrarily varying quantum channels

We give an explicit example that answers the question whether the transmission of messages over arbitrarily varying quantum channels can benefit from distribution of randomness between the legitimate sender and receiver in the affirmative. The specific class of channels introduced in that example is then extended to show that the deterministic capacity does have discontinuity points, while that behaviour is, at the same time, not generic: We show that it is in fact continuous around its positivity points. This is in stark contrast to the randomness-assisted capacity, which is continuous in the channel. We then quantify the interplay between the distribution of finite amounts of randomness between the legitimate sender and receiver, the (nonzero) decoding error with respect to the average error criterion that can be achieved over a finite number of channel uses and the number of messages that can be sent. These results also apply to entanglement and strong subspace transmission.
How nanotechnology can enhance docetaxel therapy

Docetaxel has been recognized as one of the most efficient anticancer drugs over the past decade; however, its poor water solubility and systemic toxicity have greatly limited its clinical application. In recent decades, the emergence of nanotechnology has provided new drug delivery systems for docetaxel, which can improve its water solubility, minimize the side effects and increase the tumor-targeting distribution by passive or active targeting. This review focuses on the research progress in nanoformulations related to docetaxel delivery – such as polymer-based, lipid-based, and lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers, as well as inorganic nanoparticles – addressing their structures, characteristics, preparation, physicochemical properties, methods by which drugs are loaded into them, and their in vitro and in vivo efficacies. Further, the targeted ligands used in the docetaxel nanoformulations, such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, folic acid, transferrin, aptamers and hyaluronic acid, are described. The issues to overcome before docetaxel nanoformulations can be used in clinical and commercial applications are also discussed.
Symmetries and integrability

This is a survey on finite-dimensional integrable dynamical sys- tems related to Hamiltonian G-actions. Within a framework of noncommu- tative integrability we study integrability of G-invariant systems, collective motions and reduced integrability. We also consider reductions of the Hamil- tonian flows restricted to their invariant submanifolds generalizing classical Hess-Appel'rot case of a heavy rigid body motion.
Declustering using fractals

A method for achieving declustering for Cartesian product files on M units is proposed. The focus is on range queries, as opposed to partial match queries that older declustering methods have examined. The method uses a distance-preserving mapping, the Hilbert curve, to impose a linear ordering on the multidimensional points (buckets); then, it traverses the buckets according to this ordering, assigning buckets to disks in a round-robin fashion. Because of the good distance-preserving properties of the Hilbert curve, the end result is that each disk contains buckets that are far away in the linear ordering, and, most probably, far away in the k-d address space. This is exactly the goal of declustering. Experiments show that these intuitive arguments lead to good performance: the proposed method performs at least as well as or better than older declustering schemes. <<ETX>>
A Trainable Spaced Repetition Model for Language Learning

We present half-life regression (HLR) , a novel model for spaced repetition practice with applications to second language acquisition. HLR combines psycholinguistic theory with modern machine learning techniques, indirectly estimating the “half-life” of a word or concept in a student’s long-term memory. We use data from Duolingo — a popular online language learning application — to ﬁt HLR models, reducing error by 45%+ compared to several baselines at predicting student recall rates. HLR model weights also shed light on which linguistic concepts are systematically challenging for second language learners. Finally, HLR was able to improve Duolingo daily student engagement by 12% in an operational user study.