Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Late-Phase, Long-Term Memory Trace Forms in the γ Neurons of Drosophila Mushroom Bodies after Olfactory Classical Conditioning

Using functional optical imaging in vivo, we demonstrate that the γ mushroom body (MB) neurons of Drosophila melanogaster respond with axonal calcium influx when odors or electric shock stimuli are presented to the fly. Pairing of odor and electric shock stimuli in a single training trial or multiple, massed training trials failed to modify the odor-evoked calcium signal when flies were tested at several different times after training. In contrast, animals that received multiple but spaced odor–shock pairings exhibited a robust increase in calcium influx into the MB axons when tested between 18 and 48 h after training. This time window for the γ neuron memory trace is displaced relative to the modifications that occur between 9 and 24 h after training in the α branch of the α/β MB neurons. The α/β and the γ neuron long-term memory traces were both blocked by expressing a repressor of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein or a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II hairpin RNA. These results demonstrate that behavioral long-term olfactory memory is encoded as modifications of calcium influx into distinct MB neurons during overlapping but different windows of time after training.
Four Principles to Consider Before Advising Women on Screening Mammography

Abstract This article reviews four important screening principles applicable to screening mammography in order to facilitate informed choice. The first principle is that screening may help, hurt, or have no effect. In order to reduce mortality and mastectomy rates, screening must reduce the rate of advanced disease, which likely has not happened. Through overdiagnosis, screening produces substantial harm by increasing both lumpectomy and mastectomy rates, which offsets the often-promised benefit of less invasive therapy. Next, all-cause mortality is the most reliable way to measure the efficacy of a screening intervention. Disease-specific mortality is biased due to difficulties in attribution of cause of death and to increased mortality due to overdiagnosis and the resulting overtreatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To enhance participation, the benefit from screening is often presented in relative instead of absolute terms. Third, some screening statistics must be interpreted with caution. Increased survival time and the percentage of early-stage tumors at detection sound plausible, but are affected by lead-time and length biases. In addition, analyses that only include women who attend screening cannot reliably correct for selection bias. The final principle is that accounting for tumor biology is important for accurate estimates of lead time, and the potential benefit from screening. Since “early detection” is actually late in a tumor's lifetime, the time window when screen detection might extend a woman's life is narrow, as many tumors that can form metastases will already have done so. Instead of encouraging screening mammography, physicians should help women make an informed decision as with any medical intervention.
Prevalence of error‐prone abbreviations used in medication prescribing for hospitalised patients: multi‐hospital evaluation

The use of error‐prone abbreviations in prescribing is a potential cause of misinterpretation that may lead to medication error. This study determined frequency and type of error‐prone abbreviations in inpatient medication prescribing across three Australian hospitals. Three hundred and sixty‐nine (76.9%) patients had one or more error‐prone abbreviations used in prescribing, with 8.4% of orders containing at least one error‐prone abbreviation and 29.6% of these considered to be high risk for causing significant harm.
Calibration of Distributionally Robust Empirical Optimization Models

In “Calibration of Robust Empirical Optimization Models,” Gotoh, Kim, and Lim study the statistical properties of ɸ-divergence distributionally robust optimization with concave rewards. They show that worst-case sensitivity of the expected reward to deviations from the nominal is equal to the in-sample variance and that significant out-of-sample variance (sensitivity) reduction is possible with little impact on the mean if the robustness parameter is properly chosen. The authors also explain theoretically why the out-of-sample expected reward of robust solutions can sometimes “beat” that of sample average optimization, a phenomenon that has been observed empirically, and that the difference is typically small. This paper highlights that robust solutions are not “too conservative” if both mean and variance (sensitivity) are considered when selecting the size of the uncertainty set (e.g., via the bootstrap).
Time resolved spectral behavior of bright BATSE precursors

Aims. Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are sometimes preceded by dimmer emission episodes, called “precursors”, whose nature is still a puzzle: they could either have the same origin as the main emission episode or they could be due to another mechanism. We investigate if precursors have some spectral distinctive feature with respect to the main GRB episodes. Methods. To this aim we compare the spectral evolution of the precursor with that of the main GRB event. We also study if and how the spectral parameters, and in particular the peak of the νFν spectrum of time resolved spectra, correlates with the flux. This allows us to test if the spectra of the precursor and of the main event belong to the same correlation (if any). We searched GRBs with precursor activity in the complete sample of 2704 bursts detected by BATSE finding that 12% of GRBs have one or more precursors. Among these we considered the bursts with time resolved spectral analysis performed by Kaneko et al. (2006, ApJS, 166, 298), selecting those having at least two time resolved spectra for the precursor. Results. We find that precursors and main events have very similar spectral properties. The spectral evolution within precursors has similar trends as the spectral evolution observed in the subsequent peaks. Also the typical spectral parameters of the precursors are similar to those of the main GRB events. Moreover, in several cases we find that within the precursors the peak energy of the spectrum is correlated with the flux similarly to what happens in the main GRB event. This strongly favors models in which the precursor is due to the same fireball physics of the main emission episodes.
PENGGUNAAN METODE EKSPERIMEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI HUKUM KEKEKALAN ENERGI MEKANIK PADA SISWA KELAS II SEMESTER I SMA NEGERI 1 BENDUNGAN KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK TAHUN AJARAN 2010/2011

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memahami Hukum Kekekalan Energi Mekanik melalui metode eksperimen siswakelas II semester I SMA Negeri I Bendungan Kabupaten Trenggalek Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah SMA Negeri I Bendungan Kabupaten Trenggalek. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan SMA Negeri I Bendungan yang merupakan salah satu sekolah di Kabupaten Trenggalek. Hasil belajar siswa yang dinyatakan dengan rerata skor tes formatif untuk siklus I sebesar 45,6 Hasil ini cukup tinggi bila dibandingkan pada nilai sebelum­nya yaitu 37,4 , karena siswa lebih siap dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Pada siklus II rerata skor formatif sebesar 77,55 Hasil dari siklus II lebih baik daripada siklus I, karena siswa sudah terbiasa dengan mempersiapkan diri untuk mengikuti pelajaran, terdorong untuk belajar yang lebih baik, serta merasa lebih terbuka kepada teman kelompoknya untuk pemahaman konsep‑konsep Hukum Kekekalan Energi Mekanik yang belum dimengerti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan selama dua siklus dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Metode eksperimen dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memahami Hukum Kekekalan Energi Mekanik pada siswa kelas II SMA Negeri I Bendungan Kabupaten Trenggalek. Kata Kunci: Kekekalan Energi
The European Union, Russia and the Eastern region: The analytics of government for sustainable cohabitation

This article applies the Foucauldian premise of governmentality and the analytics of government framework to demonstrate how exclusive modalities of power – of the European Union (EU) and Russia – and their competing rationalities relate, intersect and become, counter-intuitively, inextricable in their exercise of governance over the eastern neighbourhood. This particular approach focuses on power as a process to gauge the prospects for compatibility and cohabitation between the EU and Russia. Using original primary evidence, this article contends that cohabitation between these two exclusive power modalities is possible and even inevitable, if they were to legitimise their influence over the contested eastern region. It also exposes a fundamental flaw in the existing power systems, as demonstrated so vividly in the case of Ukraine – that is, a neglect for the essential value of freedom in fostering subjection to one’s authority, and the role of ‘the other’ in shaping the EU–Russian power relations in the contested region.
An Evolved Mxe GyrA Intein for Enhanced Production of Fusion Proteins

Expressing antibodies as fusions to the non-self-cleaving Mxe GyrA intein enables site-specific, carboxy-terminal chemical modification of the antibodies by expressed protein ligation (EPL). Bacterial antibody-intein fusion protein expression platforms typically yield insoluble inclusion bodies that require refolding to obtain active antibody-intein fusion proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that it was possible to employ yeast surface display to express properly folded single-chain antibody (scFv)-intein fusions, therefore permitting the direct small-scale chemical functionalization of scFvs. Here, directed evolution of the Mxe GyrA intein was performed to improve both the display and secretion levels of scFv-intein fusion proteins from yeast. The engineered intein was shown to increase the yeast display levels of eight different scFvs by up to 3-fold. Additionally, scFv- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-intein fusion proteins can be secreted from yeast, and while fusion of the scFvs to the wild-type intein resulted in low expression levels, the engineered intein increased scFv-intein production levels by up to 30-fold. The secreted scFv- and GFP-intein fusion proteins retained their respective binding and fluorescent activities, and upon intein release, EPL resulted in carboxy-terminal azide functionalization of the target proteins. The azide-functionalized scFvs and GFP were subsequently employed in a copper-free, strain-promoted click reaction to site-specifically immobilize the proteins on surfaces, and it was demonstrated that the functionalized, immobilized scFvs retained their antigen binding specificity. Taken together, the evolved yeast intein platform provides a robust alternative to bacterial intein expression systems.
An algorithmic version of the hypergraph regularity method

Extending the Szemeredi Regularity Lemma for graphs, P. Frank and Rodl [2002] stablished a 3-graph Regularity Lemma guaranteeing that all large triple systems admit partitions of their edge sets into constantly many classes where most classes consist of regularly distributed edges. Many applications of this lemma require a companion Counting Lemma [Nagle and Rodl, 2003] allowing one to estimate the number of copies of K/sub k//sup 3/ in a "dense and regular" environment created by the 3-graph Regularity Lemma. Combined applications of these lemmas are known as the 3-graph Regularity Method. In this paper, we provide an algorithmic version of the 3-graph Regularity Lemma which, as we show, is compatible with a Counting Lemma. We also discuss some applications. For general k-uniform hypergraphs, Regularity and Counting Lemmas were recently established by Gowers [2005] and by Nagle et al., [2005]. We believe the arguments here provide a basis toward a general algorithmic hypergraph regularity method.
Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Apolipoprotein E After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Correlation With Injury Severity and Clinical Outcome

Background and Purpose— The apolipoprotein E (APOE) &egr;4 allele has been associated with unfavorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), suggesting that apoE plays an important role in the response of the brain to SAH. We determined the concentration of apoE in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH and a control group to test the hypothesis that alterations in CSF apoE reflect the response of the brain to SAH and are correlated with the severity of injury and outcome. Methods— ApoE and S100B (a marker of brain injury) were measured by ELISA in CSF from a non–brain-injured control group and patients with SAH. The severity of SAH was determined from the Glasgow Coma Scale, and the clinical outcome was determined from the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results— In contrast to increased CSF concentration of S100B, CSF apoE concentration was significantly lower in patients after SAH than in control subjects (Mann-Whitney test, P <0.0001). SAH patients with more severe injury and less favorable outcome had lower CSF apoE concentration than did patients with milder injury and better clinical outcome (Fisher exact test, P =0.02). Conclusions— The concentration of apoE in the CSF decreases after SAH, despite the likely leakage of plasma apoE into the CSF. We speculate that apoE is retained within the parenchyma of the central nervous system in response to injury, where, in view of previous data, it may have a protective role.
Neutrino and axion bounds from the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904).

The red-giant branch (RGB) in globular clusters is extended to larger brightness if the degenerate helium core loses too much energy in "dark channels. " Based on a large set of archival observations, we provide high-precision photometry for the Galactic globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904), allowing for a detailed comparison between the observed tip of the RGB with predictions based on contemporary stellar evolution theory. In particular, we derive 95% confidence limits of g(ae)<4.3×10(-13) on the axion-electron coupling and μ(ν)<4.5×10(-12)μ(B) (Bohr magneton μ(B)=e/2m(e)) on a neutrino dipole moment, based on a detailed analysis of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The cluster distance is the single largest source of uncertainty and can be improved in the future.
Comments on "linguistic features in eukaryotic genomes"

sug-gests the presence of linguistic fea-tures in eukaryotic genomes, and thatthis ﬁnding “may lead to importantclues about the evolution of lan-guages, DNA, and information pro-cessing. ” We believe that these conclu-sions are too far-fetched, and that thepaper attaches Zipf’s law too closely tolanguage alone, as if it is a feature ex-clusive to human languages. In addi-tion, we would like to mention that (i)the power-law decay of the number ofoccurrences of protein domains withtheir rank has been found for dozensof different organisms in Refs. 2 and 3and that (ii) the ubiquitous presenceof those power laws could be ex-plained by simple models of sequenceevolution.Admittedly, Zipf’s law was ﬁrst dis-covered in English, German, and otherhuman languages, but George Kings-ley Zipf himself explored the similarplot in city population, settlementsize, and human migration [4]. Today,Zipf’s law is known to appear in manycontexts unrelated to languages: indi-vidual incomes, company sizes, inter-net trafﬁc, web page popularities,number of citations, microarray andgene expression data [5–7], etc. (For anattempt to summarize various obser-vations of Zipf’s law, see e.g., [8]). Evenrandomly generated texts, treatingcharacter strings between two blankspaces as “words,” exhibit a rank-fre-quency statistics consistent with Zipf’slaw [9]. Can we say that these examples ofZipf’s law exhibit “linguistic features? ”Clearly not. The size of an earthquakehas nothing to do with linguistics, andthe text typed by a monkey is not thework of Shakespeare. Yet, both textsand the size distribution of earthquakes are consistent with Zipf’s law.Using the language metaphor has along history in molecular biology, andone of its earliest fruits may be thediscovery of the genetic code [10]. However, as powerful as it might be asa metaphor, Zipf’s law observed ingenomic data is more likely caused bysimple processes of sequence evolu-tion mentioned in [2, 3] than by forcesthat attempt to endow biomoleculeswith linguistic features.Both Refs. 2 and 3 show that ran-domly occurring mutations and dupli-cations are sufﬁcient to generate apower-law distribution of gene familysizes. This distribution is not identi-cal—but related—to the rank-fre-quency plot. Speciﬁcally, there is aone-to-one relationship between thesize distribution and the rank-fre-quency plot (see, e.g., [8, 11–14]). Al-fred Lotka uses the size distribution inhis study of scientiﬁc productivity [15],and George Miller emphasized thatthe size distribution is also part of“Zipf’s curve” [16]. The one-to-one relationship be-tween Zipf’s law and Lotka’s law is easyto understand. According to Zipf’s law,the frequency
A contemporary re-evaluation of culprit lesion severity in patients presenting with STEMI

Background: Historical data report fatal myocardial infarction occurring when mildly-stenotic coronary plaques rupture; however, recent data suggest haemodynamically-significant coronary stenoses with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.8 and vessels with high plaque burden and minimum luminal area (MLA) < 4 mm2 by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) may be prognostically important. Therefore, we sought to re-evaluate culprit stenosis severity in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: Patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI with adjunctive thrombectomy between October 2008 and February 2010 (n = 336/572; 59%) underwent quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) after thrombus aspiration to determine vessel reference area (RA), MLA and percentage area stenosis (AS). To validate findings, QCA and FFR were measured in 50 patients with stable angina and an angiographically-intermediate lesion. Results: STEMI patients had anatomically-severe underlying culprit disease similar to that of the stable cohort (AS: 91.6 ± 9.5% versus 90.1 ± 8.1%; P = 0.11). Additionally, anatomically-severe lesions defined by QCA were more likely to be functionally-significant by FFR and vice-versa (P = 0.02 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion: These contemporary data suggest that STEMI culprit lesions, defined by luminal stenosis after thrombus aspiration, are angiographically significant, with similar stenosis severity to stable, ischaemia-inducing lesions.
A Comparative Study of Matriculation Students’ Motivation for Learning Mathematics According to Gender in Five Burmese Migrant Learning Centers in Mae Sot, Thailand

Among the several components of motivation for learning, the individual’s sense of goal orientations, the impression and value of learning tasks, control of learning beliefs and perceptions of personal self-efficacy for learning are important components of the Social Cognitive Theory of Motivation for Learning, which provides the theoretical framework for this study. A number of studies have found that the gender gap in mathematics is highly correlated to perception of the culture of gender inequality in a society. The objectives of this study were to measure the levels of the matriculation students’ motivation in learning mathematics and to investigate if there was any difference according to gender in five Burmese Migrant Learning Centers in Mae Sot. One hundred seven students (51 male and 56 female), aged 15-29 years, participated in the survey. The results of this study showed that the differences between genders on average motivation in learning mathematics were small among the migrant learning centers’ matriculation students. However, female students had a lower level in overall motivation, higher motivation in control of learning beliefs and lower motivation in the factor of perceived self-efficacy. The reasons for this are likely culturally rooted and sustained. Traditionally, in Burmese culture, boys are regarded and treated as being superior to girls. This cultural perspective most likely affects the girls’ motivation and self-confidence in their learning. The article concludes with recommendations for practice and for future research.
The Impact of the Process of Deinstitutionalization of Mental Health Services in Canada: An Increase in Accessing of Health Professionals for Mental Health Concerns

This research evaluates accessing of community-based mental health services in relation to the ongoing process of deinstitutionalization of mental health services in Canada. From 1998/1999 to 2002/2003, the process of deinstitutionalization decreased in intensity among the provinces that implemented deinstitutionalization earlier and increased in intensity among the provinces that implemented deinstitutionalization later. By 2002/2003, average days of care per 1,000 population in psychiatric units in general hospitals exceeded days of care in psychiatric hospitals (transinstitutionalization). Accessing of community-based mental health services by individuals with higher levels of psychological distress increased in all provinces from 1998/1999 to 2002/2003.
An Empirical Investigation of Relationship among Transformational Leadership, Affective Organizational Commitment and Contextual Performance

The current study examines the relationship between transformational leadership and the followers’ affective organizational commitment and their contextual performance. Transformational leaders through their compelling vision and moral guidance arrest their follower’s commitment and motivate them to exert more effort and engage them in extra-role behaviours which are not explicit part of their job description. The follower’s commitment and decision to stay in the organization are guided by an emotional bond with the leader and the organization rather than by any logical reasoning. The study also explores the effect of affective organizational commitment on contextual performance. An individual who is firmly committed towards the goals of the organization will look beyond his/her vested interests and will demonstrate more of discretionary prosocial behaviours. These positive desirable behaviours otherwise called contextual performance will add to the overall performance of the organization. This cross-sectional study includes a sample of 480 software professionals working in several information technology (IT) companies across India. SPSS 18 and AMOS 16 were used for data analysis and result interpretation. Results suggested a significant positive influence of transformational leadership on the follower’s affective organizational commitment and their contextual performance. Affective organizational commitment is also found to have positive linkage with the contextual performance of the followers. The results are consistent with previous findings which also claimed positive and significant linkage among the transformational leadership, affective organizational commitment and contextual performance.