Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-dose 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA hypomethylating agent, for the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a multicenter phase II study in elderly patients.

PURPOSE 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine; DAC) is a DNA hypomethylating agent that has shown a 50% response rate in a small phase II study in elderly patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. We performed a second, multicenter phase II study in a larger group of patients to confirm our findings and to study the toxicity of DAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 1996 and September 1997, 66 patients (median age, 68 years) from seven centers received DAC 45 mg/m(2)/d for 3 days every 6 weeks. For patients in whom a complete response (CR) was reached after two courses, two further cycles were administered as consolidation therapy. In case of a stable disease situation, improvement, or a partial response (PR), a maximum of six cycles was administered. The primary end points were response rate and toxicity. The secondary end points were response duration, survival from the start of therapy, and overall survival. RESULTS The observed overall response rate was 49%, with a 64% response rate in the patients with an International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) high-risk score. The actuarial median response duration was 31 weeks, with a response duration of 39 weeks and 36 weeks for patients who reached a PR or CR, respectively. The actuarial median survival time from the time of diagnosis was 22 months and from the start of therapy was 15 months. For the IPSS high-risk group, the median survival time was 14 months. The median progression-free survival time was 25 weeks. Myelosuppression was rather common, and the treatment-related mortality rate was 7% and was primarily associated with pancytopenia and infection. Significant responses were observed with regard to megakaryopoiesis, with increases in platelet counts having already occurred after one cycle of DAC therapy in the majority of the responding patients. CONCLUSION We were able to confirm our previous observation that DAC therapy was effective in half of the studied patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and is especially active in the patients with the worst prognoses. Myelosuppression was the only major adverse effect observed.
Exploring how to increase response rates to surveys of older people.

AIM To address the special considerations that need to be taken into account when collecting data from older people in healthcare research. BACKGROUND An objective of all research studies is to ensure there is an adequate sample size. The final sample size will be influenced by methods of recruitment and data collection, among other factors. There are some special considerations that need to be addressed when collecting data among older people. DATA SOURCES Quantitative surveys of people aged 60 or over in 2009-2014 were analysed using statistical methods. A quantitative study of patients aged 75 or over in an emergency department was used as an example. REVIEW METHODS A methodological approach to analysing quantitative studies concerned with older people. CONCLUSION The best way to ensure high response rates in surveys involving people aged 60 or over is to collect data in the presence of the researcher; response rates are lowest in posted surveys and settings where the researcher is not present when data are collected. Response rates do not seem to vary according to the database from which information about the study participants is obtained or according to who is responsible for recruitment to the survey. Implications for research/practice To conduct coherent studies with older people, the data collection process should be carefully considered.
Fertility Preservation via Photodynamic Therapy in Young Patients With Early-Stage Uterine Endometrial Cancer: A Long-term Follow-up Study

Objective We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a conservative fertility-sparing treatment in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with endometrial cancer who had been treated with PDT. Of the patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, we included those younger than 35 years and in whom the lesion was confined to the endometrium. Surface photoillumination with red laser light at a wavelength of 630 nm was applied to the uterine endometrial cavity and endocervical canal of patients 48 hours after an intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg of photosensitizer. Complete response was pathologically defined as the complete disappearance of adenocarcinoma or hyperplastic tissue. Results Sixteen patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 30.7 years, and the mean body mass index was 24.6 kg/m2. The mean follow-up period was 78 months. Photodynamic therapy was used in 11 patients as primary treatment and in 5 patients as secondary treatment for recurrence after primary hormonal therapy. Complete remission was observed in 12 (75%) of the 16 patients. Of these 12 patients, 4 experienced recurrence (33%). Two of the 4 patients who experienced recurrence showed complete remission after the next course of PDT, and 1 of the 4 nonresponders also showed complete remission after the second course of PDT. The final response rate was therefore 68%. Of the 7 women who attempted to get pregnant, 4 had 7 successful pregnancies (57%, 4/7), resulting in 6 live births. No tumor-related deaths or PDT-related severe adverse effects were noted. Conclusions Photodynamic therapy can be an effective conservative treatment method for fertility sparing in young patients with early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma.
A randomized, blinded, controlled trial of the antiemetic effect of ondansetron on dexmedetomidine-induced emesis in cats.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of ondansetron on the incidence of vomiting in cats pre-medicated with dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, controlled trial. ANIMALS Eighty-nine female domestic shorthair cats, aged 3-60 months (median, 12 months) and weighing 1.2-5.1 kg. METHODS Each cat received dexmedetomidine (40 μg kg(-1)) plus buprenorphine (20 μg kg(-1)), intramuscularly as pre-anesthetic medication. Cats were assigned to three treatment groups: ondansetron (0.22 mg kg(-1), intramuscular [IM]), either 30 minutes before the pre-anesthetic medication (ONDA group, n = 31) or with the pre-anesthetic medication (OPM group, n = 30) mixed with the pre-anesthetic medications in the same syringe, or not to receive the antiemetic (control group, n = 28). Emesis was recorded as an all-or-none response. The number of episodes of emesis and the time until onset of the first emetic episode were recorded for each cat. Clinical signs of nausea were recorded whenever they occurred, and a numerical rating scale was used to quantify these signs. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square test; a Bonferroni correction was made for six comparisons; thus, the two-sided p for significance was 0.05/6 = 0.008. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the number of cats vomiting, in the episodes of vomiting/cat, the time elapsed between the premedication and the first vomiting and the severity of nausea in the OPM group compared to the ONDA and control groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In cats, the administration of ondansetron (0.22 mg kg(-1)) ameliorates and reduced the severity of dexmedetomidine-induced nausea and vomiting only when it was administered in association with this drug.
The Importance of the Long Form Census to Canada

In June the federal government published plans to replace the mandatory long form census with a new National Household Survey (NHS) for the 2011 Census cycle. The new NHS is to be circulated to more households but will be voluntary rather than manda tory. The announcement generated a response unique both for its breadth across civil society and its near uniformity. The breadth reflects the plethora of uses for census data, stretching into so many important deci sions made by businesses, municipal and provincial governments, and non-profits. The near uniformity
Suspicious transaction reporting: an Indian experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) reporting system in India in terms of Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) and its impact on countering money laundering through the conviction and confiscation. The main emphasis of financial action task force (FATF) guidelines on AML and countering of financing of terrorism (CFT) is the obligation of financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses and professions to instantaneously report the suspicious transactions to Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), an agency with a mandate to deal with AML. Design/methodology/approach – It is a descriptive study to explore the outcome of the AML process. The study has used the secondary information published in the annual reports of FIU-India and FATF. The study period is 2006-2007 to 2011-2012. Findings – Though there is a significant increase in the STRs filed, the impact of AML is not realized in terms of neither AML-related convictions nor confiscat.
Their pain, our pleasure: stereotype content and schadenfreude

People often fail to empathize with others, and sometimes even experience schadenfreude—pleasure at others’ misfortunes. One potent predictor of schadenfreude is envy, which, according to the stereotype content model, is elicited by high‐status, competitive targets. Here we review our recent research program investigating the relationships among stereotypes, envy, schadenfreude, and harm. Experiment 1 demonstrates that stereotypes are sufficient to influence affective responses to targets’ misfortunes; participants not only report feeling less negative when misfortunes befall high‐status, competitive targets as compared to other targets, they also smile more (assessed with facial EMG). Experiment 2 replicates the self‐report findings from Experiment 1 and assesses behavioral tendencies toward envied targets; participants are more willing to endorse harming high‐status, competitive targets as compared to other targets. Experiment 3 turns off the schadenfreude response by manipulating status and competition‐relevant information regarding envied targets. Finally, Experiment 4 investigates affective and neural markers of intergroup envy and schadenfreude in the context of a long‐standing sports rivalry and the extent to which neurophysiological correlates of schadenfreude are related to self‐reported likelihood of harming rival team fans. We conclude with implications and future directions.
Outcomes of inpatient mobilization: a literature review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To review current research evidence on the outcomes of mobilising hospitalised adults. BACKGROUND Although immobility is known to cause functional decline or complications, inpatient ambulation emerged as the most often missed element of nursing care. This study is designed to review research studies that give evidence as to the consequences of mobilising or not mobilising hospitalised adult patients. DESIGN A literature review of published peer-reviewed empirical research was undertaken. METHODS The electronic databases of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, and PubMed were accessed to search for relevant empirical articles, supplemented by a search of reference lists contained in retrieved articles and citation tracking. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Four areas (study design, sample size, measurement and statistical analysis) were evaluated for methodological quality, and most studies showed strong quality. A synthesis of the findings generated four themes of the effects of inpatient mobilisation: (1) physical outcomes included pain, deep vein thrombosis, fatigue, etc.; (2) psychological outcomes included anxiety, depressive mood, distress, comfort and satisfaction; (3) social outcomes included quality of life and independence; and (4) organisational outcomes included length of stay, mortality and cost. CONCLUSION Mobilising hospitalised adults brings benefits for not only physical functioning, but also their emotional and social well-being. Moreover, ambulation yields important organisational benefits. These benefits of mobilisation on four areas required viewing the patient in a holistic manner. Even though each study approached different types of patients, illnesses and procedures, this review showed that most inpatients would benefit from mobilisation and would experience optimal functions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The importance of mobilisation for positive patient outcomes highlights the need to develop methods to ensure that this nursing action is completed on a systematic basis.
Application of Shaperoâ€™s Model In Explaining Entrepreneurial Intentions Among University Students In Kenya

Entrepreneurship is considered as an engine of economic growth. Entrepreneurial process starts from development of entrepreneurial intentions. A large number of scholars have focused on the internal and psychological aspects regarding entrepreneur. However, little is known about how external factors can influence the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial intentions is influenced by three key latent variables; perceived desirability, propensity to act and perceived feasibility. The researcher planned to use an entrepreneurial intention model developed theoretically based on the Shaperoâ€™s Model.The sample size was 133 respondents. The data collection instruments were questionnaire. The questionnaires were delivered to the selected respondents by visiting them in the organization during which observation was done. Quantitative data collected was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS and presented through percentages, means, standard deviations and frequencies. Content analysis was used on data that is qualitative nature or aspect of the data collected from the open ended questions.The results of this study were compared to other similar studies of the same correspondent in other universities to enable general conclusions on the applicability of the model and the authenticity of the results. While this study was mainly focusing on university students, its conclusions was to be instrumental in answering most questions regarding the status of entrepreneurship among the youth in Kenya, especially in other tertiary institutions.The study concludes that it was very possible to offer entrepreneurship courses since they develop the intention and the necessary abilities to be an entrepreneur and that being an entrepreneur would entail great satisfactions . The study further concludes that the respondents had complete knowledge on both readily available opportunity to start the businesses and business centres/networks. Economic opportunity and autonomy are very important in making a choice whether to become an entrepreneur and that carrying out the kind of job one really likes corresponds to entrepreneurial success.The study recommends that learning institutions should offer entrepreneurship courses. This will enable the learners to have the knowledge about the entrepreneurial environment and realize the necessary abilities needed to be entrepreneurs. The study further recommends that the government should develop research and development projects that will help in giving more information on the field of entrepreneurship. Moreover, specialized training should be offered to upcoming entrepreneurs so as to increase the efficiency of the products/services offered to the customers.
Spillover effect upon a labor event: an empirical analysis for the Spanish continuous market

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to analyse the reaction of the stock prices of competing companies to the signature of a firm-level collective agreement. Considering that this type of agreement slants to the rise the wages of these firms with respect to those of the sector, we have found empirical evidence that, for the Spanish Market, a firm-level agreement incorporates information that could be negatively considered by the investors of the companies which sign own agreement. This would entail a sale of the affected titles whose price would then fall. This paper analyses whether this event affects the stock price of competing companies, that is, whether a spillover effect exist. The arrival of the new information inherent in the signature of the agreement could have a different effect on competing companies based on the type of competition in their industry. The general results of this paper confirm the spillover effect, although different reactions are observed depending on the industry to which the company belongs and their level of concentration.
Small business incubators in the USA: a historical review and preliminary research findings

Purpose – The aim of this study was to discuss the historical evolution of business incubators from 1959 to the present. Three cohort periods were defined: 1959-1979, 1980-1999 and 2000-2012. The business characteristics of corporate mission, plans and strategies, leadership/management, staff competence and expertise, facilities and resources and technology were described for each generation. Design/methodology/approach – The approach of this research was to gain an understanding of potential best practices and study what has been characteristically significant in small business incubators over the past 50 years. Findings – The historical study findings indicate that the basic premise of business incubators remained unchanged across time. The idea of nurturing a new and fledgling business until it can manage on its own, much like an incubator does for premature and newborn babies, still provides the impetus for business incubators today. However, business characteristics have evolved and grown more sophis.
Block Premia, Litigation Risk, and Shareholder Protection

Blocks of shares are typically traded at a premium for the buyer. The academic literature shows that anticipated private benefits are the main determinant of this premium rather than the projected value of future synergies. The results of this study indicate that a target's litigation risk has a significant impact on the control premium. Acquirers tend to lower block premia significantly in anticipation of potential litigation related to financial disclosure or the target's market value. Legal shareholder protection also plays a significant role in countering shareholder expropriation. Block buyers pay higher premia to acquire targets that operate in protective legal environments.
Impact of Sublethal Doses of 2,4-D, Simulating Drift, on Tomato Yield

Abstract Tomato is considered one of the most sensitive crops regarding 2,4-D drift. In many cases, such susceptibility has led to important restrictions in the use of 2,4-D based products. Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive years in tomato, by applying sublethal doses of 2,4-D (ranging from 0.42 to 13.44 g a.i. ha−1) directly to plants, at different stages of growth, as a simulation of eventual drifts to the crop. The range of rates was based on the assumption of a 0.0625–2.0% drift level of a 1 L ha−1 of the most common formulated herbicides. For this crop, the range of rates between 0.42 and 13.44 g a.i ha−1 applied at the beginning of flowering caused a linear crop reduction. On the other hand, rates ≤13.44 g a.i. ha−1 applied after full development of fourth truss stage or latter had no effect on crop yield or development. For tomato, tolerance to 2,4-D strongly increases with plant age.
Gender-related correlates and predictors of consistent condom use among young adult African-American women: a prospective analysis

The present study examined the correlates of consistent condom use among African-American women and prospectively evaluated the stability of these significant variables to predict consistent condom use at 3-month follow-up. A sample of 128 African-American women, 18-29 years of age completed a baseline interview and 3 months later completed a similar follow-up interview ( n =100). Compared to women who were inconsistent condom users, women who were consistent condom users were more likely to: have high assertive communication skills (OR=13), desire not becoming pregnant (OR=8.6), have high sexual selfcontrol over condom use (OR=7.6), perceive having control over their partners' use of condoms (OR=6.6), be younger (OR=5.8), and report having a partner that was not committed to the relationship (OR=3.3). Prospective analyses identified baseline level of condom use as the best predictor of condom use at 3-month follow-up. Women who were consistent condom users at baseline were 6.3 times as likely to be consistent condom users at 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, HIV prevention programmes for women need to be gender specific and need to be implemented before high-risk behaviours are established and may be more difficult to modify.
The Professionally Managed Family-Ruled Enterprise: Ethnic Chinese Business in Singapore

This study identifies the change and continuity in the management structure of Singaporean Chinese family businesses before and after the Asian currency crisis based on an interpretive content analysis of oral history transcripts, personal interviews, documentary research and a historical analysis of Singapore's economy and society. It shows that large businesses shifted from being 'family-ruled and managed' to becoming 'professionally managed family-ruled' businesses before the crisis. Since the crisis, however, Chinese businesses in sectors that are under the watch of the developmental state, that face increasing competition from Western corporations, and lack offspring who are competent and interested in running family enterprises have loosened family rule. Businesses in sectors that are free from the direct intervention of the state, that seek survival in negative market situations, and have trusted and competent offspring to harness the advantage of the family enterprise have maintained family rule. Based on the findings, the author offers an explanatory and predictive model that takes into account the roles of markets, institutions (including culture and the state) and key corporate actors. The study concludes with suggestions for future research into the management structures of professionally managed family businesses and the role of the state.
European Union trade policy after enlargement: larger crowds, shifting priorities and informal decision-making

The article focuses on the effects of Eastern enlargement on EU trade policy-making. On interest constellation, the article makes a case that protectionist forces have been strengthened relative to liberal forces. This slight protectionist turn is mostly witnessed in the area of anti-dumping and with respect to the Doha trade round. On preference aggregation, guided by a principal–agent framework, it is argued that the growth in the number of actors (principals and interest groups) has not constrained the role of the European Commission (agent). However, it has led to an increase in informal processes and has empowered large trading nations vis-à-vis smaller and less ‘comitology-experienced’ member states.
Expanding the Division of Labour: Trade Costs and Supply Chains in the Global Economy

type="main"> In the pre-1914 globalisation reduction in trade costs allowed finer specialisation. The quantitative evidence is strong for some components of trade costs, but less so for aggregate trade costs. In the second globalisation, international supply chains have become an important element of the global economy, and we have better data to examine the links between trade costs and supply chains. After a brief review of the standard account of the evolution of supply chains, the article examines the quantitative evidence; regional value chains (RVCs) are especially strong, but the origins and nature of RVCs differ in Europe, the Americas and Asia. The paper then presents evidence on trade costs, focusing on the years since 1990 when both data and computing facilities became more comprehensive, and analyses the relationship between trade costs and supply chains.