Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An H i line search for optically identified dwarf galaxy candidates in the M 81 group

Sensitive 21 cm H i line observations were per- formed for 23 dwarf members and possible members of the nearby M 81 group of galaxies, including ve objects of a clustering of extremely low-surface brightness objects of unknown nature. With the Nan cay decimetric radio tele- scope the radial velocity range of 529 to 1826 km s 1 was searched to an rms noise of 2 4 mJy. Only three ob- jects were detected. However, their high radial velocities (between 600 and 1150 km s 1 ) show them to lie behind the M 81 group. These three objects, classied as dS0: (UGC 4998) and Im (Kar 1N and UGC 5658), have H i masses of 0.4, 1.6 and 2: 01 0 8 M, for the assumed dis- tance of 4 Mpc, and H i mass-to-blue light ratios of 0.04, 0.73 and 0.18M/L;B, respectively. Considering that half of the observed objects are clas- sied as irregular dwarfs, hence expected to be relatively gas-rich, the resulting detection rate of about 1= 3i s quite low. However, the mean redshift and velocity dispersion of the M 81 group ( = 101 km s 1 , = 114 km s 1 ) suggest that the H i emission of low velocity H i -rich mem- bers of the M 81 group may still remain hidden within the strong Galactic H i emission (typically 150 <V < 115 km s 1 ) or, for the 6 dwarf candidates in the immedi- ate vicinity of M 81, overshadowed by the very extended H i envelope encompassing M 81, M 82, NGC 3077, and NGC 2976 ( 280 <V <355 km s 1 ).
SERVE Ethiopia.

Chronic Disease and The World Health Organization It is estimated that 35,000,000 people died from chronic diseases around the world in 2008. Every year, more than 60% of all deaths worldwide are because of chronic disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that for the first time in history deaths from chronic diseases will soon exceed deaths from communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies combined in low-income countries. According to WHO, comprehensive and integrated action is the means to prevent and control chronic disease. In developing countries, such as Ethiopia, chronic disease is a growing problem. Like many other chronic diseases, the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ethiopia is rising because of increased risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Despite the high prevalence of HIV in Africa (25% in some antenatal clinics), HIV nephropathy incidence is fairly low. In Africa, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) remains a mostly fatal disease. Treatment considered the norm in industrialized countries is limited in Africa: dialysis is dependent on the availability of funding and charitable contributions. Few governments cover the cost of renal replacement therapy. For a variety of reasons, primarily financial, medical care in third world countries is inadequate at best, especially for expensive chronic illness treatment therapies such as dialysis and transplantation.
Progression and survival in Parkinson's disease with subthalamic nucleus stimulation

Treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is symptomatic. Surgical treatment with continuous high‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) is established as a safe symptomatic treatment with long‐term beneficial effects. It has been postulated that STN‐DBS could halt the progression of PD through a disease modifying or neuroprotective effect.
Sex‐dependent and differential responses to acute restraint stress of corticotropin‐releasing factor–producing neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus, central amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Male and female rodents respond differently to acute stress. We tested our hypothesis that this sex difference is based on differences in stress sensitivity of forebrain areas, by determining possible effects of a single acute psychogenic stressor (1‐hr restraint stress) on neuronal gene expression (c‐Fos and FosB immunoreactivities), storage of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactivity, and CRF production (CRF mRNA in situ hybridization) as well as the expression of genes associated with epigenetic processes (quantitative RT‐PCR) in the rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the oval and fusiform subdivisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTov and BSTfu, respectively), and the central amygdala (CeA), in both males and females. Compared with females, male rats responded to the stressor with a stronger rise in corticosterone titer and a stronger increase in neuronal contents of c‐Fos, CRF mRNA, and CREB‐binding protein mRNA in the PVN. In the BSTov, females but not males showed an increase in c‐Fos, whereas the CRF mRNA content was increased in males only. In the BSTfu, males and females showed similar stress‐induced increases in c‐Fos and FosB, whereas in the CeA, both sexes revealed similar increases in c‐Fos and in CRF mRNA. We conclude that male and female rats differ in their reactivity to acute stress with respect to possibly epigenetically mediated (particularly in the PVN) neuronal gene expression and neuropeptide dynamics (PVN and BSTov) and that this difference may contribute to the sex dependence of the animal's physiological and behavioral responses to an acute stressor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical predictors for survival and treatment outcome of high-grade glioma in Prasat Neurological Institute

Objective: The aim was to identify clinical predictors for survival and examine treatment outcome in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who was diagnosed HGG between January 2007 and December 2009. Demographic data, radiological data and treatment data of patients were reviewed and analyzed. Results: A total of 100 patients were analyzed. There was no difference in demographic data between Grade III and IV glioma. Patients with HGG had median survival time (MST) 18 months, The MST of patients with Grade III and IV glioma were 26 and 13 months, respectively. In this study, only anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and radiotherapy did impact strongly on survival of patients with HGG. In patients with Grade III and IV glioma, radiotherapy found to have influence on survival. Conclusion: Patients with HGG in Prasat Neurological Institute had short survival resemble to other previous study. The clinical predictors for survival of patients were identified on multivariate analysis.
Left brain, retrotransposons, and schizophrenia.

An increasing part of the work of chemical pathology laboratories in district general hospitals is measuring drug concentrations in plasma, both for toxicological (overdose) diagnosis and for therapeutic monitoring. It is these laboratories, and not specialised toxicological units or departments of pharmacy or clinical pharmacology, that now carry out most such tests on patients. Are clinicians (including nurses), clinical pharmacologists, pharmacists, and the pharmaceutical industry prepared to support the changeover now that substance concentrations are almost universally used for constituents other than drugs and are familiar for drugs in basic research studies? For example, as the molar mass of phenobarbitone is 232 g a plasma phenobarbitone concentration of 4-6 mg/dl becomes 0-2 mmol/l . New ranges for treatment or toxicity would have to be known, but this caused scarcely any problems for the natural constituents. For toxic substances such as ethanol there would be legal implications from the change of units. One of the arguments given against the change is that drugs are administered in mass units, except for intravenous electrolytes; therefore it would be confusing and illogical to quote resultant plasma concentrations in substance units. In practice no confusion arises-for example, in the oral glucose tolerance test, when we investigate whether a dose of 75 g of glucose will raise the two hour blood concentration above 7-0 mmol/l-though, ofcourse, we should say "a dose of 400 mmol. " The logical final reform-perhaps hard to accept for clinicians-is that drug dosages should also be stated in substance units; this would require a considerable upheaval in most doctors' and nurses' thinking. Yet a dose as prescribed, in milligrams ofactive drug X, is a round number that often bears little relation to the total mass of tablet which may contain several other pharmaceutical ingredients. The -mass of X itself need not be the same as the mass of drug compound X' in the tablet, which may be present as an ester or hydrated salt-but in substance units X and X' would be identical. If we have round numbers to remember, let them be scientifically consistent and relate to the desired concentrations in plasma. Such an evolutionary change will raise many problems, particularly of safety and of manufacturers' costs, but it could be made. A generation ago, when we changed from imperial (grains and minims) to metric units of dosage (milligrams and millilitres) and everyone had to learn new numbers, were there any lethal consequences or serious cost implications? D N BARON
Effect of process parameters in face milling operation and analysis of cutting force using indirect method

ABSTRACT Amelioration of demand for quality in machining-related products has resulted in the manufacturing industries as cornerstone for enhancement in quality control measures of the machining process. Milling, like any metal cutting operation, is used with an objective of optimizing surface roughness. Meticulous prediction of surface quality of a particular material during face milling operation is highly important for the purpose of controlling product quality and production rate. The machining characteristics of AA6061 using face milling were investigated. To calculate the cutting force through indirect approach, during machining the data acquisition was performed using a FANUC LAN cable. The data related to the current drawn by each axis were captured under two varying cases, one “With Cut” and another “Without Cut. ” The experimental plan was executed by adopting the Taguchi approach to minimize experimental cost. The results attained through analysis of variance signify that the projected mathematical model can efficiently illustrate the performance in the boundary limit of the premeditated factors.
Endothelial Function

The endothelium regulates vascular tone, platelet activity, leukocyte adhesion, and angiogenesis by producing nitric oxide and other regulatory factors. Risk factors decrease nitric oxide bioavailability and induce a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype that promotes atherosclerosis.1,2 In human subjects, endothelial dysfunction is associated with risk factors,3–5 correlates with disease progression,6 and predicts cardiovascular events.7–13 Risk reduction therapies improve endothelial function, and failure of the endothelium to respond is associated with higher risk.14 Thus, there is strong clinical evidence that endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In the past several years, experimental and clinical studies have provided new information about the mechanisms and clinical relevance of specific aspects of endothelial function. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent articles from Circulation that have advanced this field.
Sex-related differential response to clomipramine treatment in a rat model of depression

Research in affective disorders is often performed without considering sex differences, although women are predominantly affected. Consequently, the potential sex-dependent action of antidepressants remains elusive. We investigated whether Flinders sensitive line (FSL) of rats, a model of depression, would present sex-differentiated responses to antidepressant treatment. FSL and Sprague—Dawley rats were treated with clomipramine 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Subsequently, they were subjected to either a single session of the forced swim test or an estimation of serotonergic function in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. Male FSL displayed increased immobility duration, decreased active behaviours, increased serotonin tissue levels and a reduced serotonin turnover rate in most brain areas studied. Female FSL showed a distinct profile, consisting of decreased immobility latency, increased climbing duration, limited serotonergic deviations and no difference in the serotonin turnover rate in comparison with controls. Interestingly, despite baseline differences, clomipramine treatment reversed all relevant behavioural responses and increased the serotonin turnover rate in both sexes. However, the latter effect was remarkably more pronounced in females. It is concluded that, in this animal model of depression, chronic clomipramine treatment attenuated baseline sex differences in the phenotype while maintaining or intensifying the sex differentiation in the serotonergic endophenotype.
On the Suitability of MODIS Time Series Metrics to Map Vegetation Types in Dry Savanna Ecosystems: A Case Study in the Kalahari of NE Namibia

The characterization and evaluation of the recent status of biodiversity in Southern Africa’s Savannas is a major prerequisite for suitable and sustainable land management and conservation purposes. This paper presents an integrated concept for vegetation type mapping in a dry savanna ecosystem based on local scale in-situ botanical survey data with high resolution (Landsat) and coarse resolution (MODIS) satellite time series. In this context, a semi-automated training database generation procedure using object-oriented image segmentation techniques is introduced. A tree-based Random Forest classifier was used for mapping vegetation type associations in the Kalahari of NE Namibia based on inter-annual intensity- and phenology-related time series metrics. The utilization of long-term inter-annual temporal metrics delivered the best classification accuracies (Kappa = 0.93) compared with classifications based on seasonal feature sets. The relationship between annual classification accuracies and bi-annual precipitation sums was conducted using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Increased error rates occurred in years with high rainfall rates compared to dry rainy seasons. The variable importance was analyzed and showed high-rank positions for features of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the blue and middle infrared bands, indicating that soil reflectance was crucial information for an accurate spectral discrimination of Kalahari vegetation types. Time series features related to reflectance intensity obtained increased rank-positions compared to phenology-related metrics.
Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND Patients with advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy have limited treatment options. This randomized, open-label, international, phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune-checkpoint-inhibitor antibody, as compared with docetaxel in this patient population. METHODS We randomly assigned 272 patients to receive nivolumab, at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks, or docetaxel, at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS The median overall survival was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3 to 13.3) with nivolumab versus 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 7.3) with docetaxel. The risk of death was 41% lower with nivolumab than with docetaxel (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.79; P<0.001). At 1 year, the overall survival rate was 42% (95% CI, 34 to 50) with nivolumab versus 24% (95% CI, 17 to 31) with docetaxel. The response rate was 20% with nivolumab versus 9% with docetaxel (P=0.008). The median progression-free survival was 3.5 months with nivolumab versus 2.8 months with docetaxel (hazard ratio for death or disease progression, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.81; P<0.001). The expression of the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) was neither prognostic nor predictive of benefit. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 were reported in 7% of the patients in the nivolumab group as compared with 55% of those in the docetaxel group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with advanced, previously treated squamous-cell NSCLC, overall survival, response rate, and progression-free survival were significantly better with nivolumab than with docetaxel, regardless of PD-L1 expression level. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; CheckMate 017 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01642004.).
Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-TNF therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although anti-TNF therapy has changed the scenery of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) immensely, there are still patients with an unfortunate outcome. Approximately one third of patients that initially respond to anti-TNF therapy will lose that response over time and need treatment optimization. Loss of response (LOR) is a big concern in IBD management and especially among pediatric patients where treatment options are more limited than in adults. In children it is even more important to sustain response with minimal toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is proposed as a tool to reach this goal. Areas covered: This review focuses on the importance of TDM of anti-TNF and the role TDM has in clinical practice of pediatric IBD. Expert opinion: Although TDM is not yet widely used in pediatric IBD, the available literature suggests it to be a promising tool, especially in patients with LOR to anti-TNF. There is increasing evidence that also in children, higher anti-TNF drug levels are associated with sustained response, and likewise low or undetectable trough levels increase the likelihood of LOR. TDM-based treat to target strategies are being designed in adult studies, but more prospective studies also in pediatric IBD populations looking at the role of proactive testing are needed.
Spiral shocks and the formation of molecular clouds in a two-phase medium

We extend recent numerical results on molecular cloud formation in spiral galaxies by including a multiphase medium. The addition of a hot phase of gas enhances the structure in the cold gas, and significantly increases the fraction of molecular hydrogen that is formed when the cold gas passes through a spiral shock. The difference in structure is reflected in the mass power spectrum of the molecular clouds, which is steeper for the multiphase calculations. The increase in molecular gas occurs as the addition of a hot phase leads to higher densities in the cold gas. In particular, cold gas is confined in clumps between the spiral arms and retains a higher molecular fraction. Unlike the single-phase results, molecular clouds are present in the inter-arm regions for the multiphase medium. However, the density of the inter-arm molecular hydrogen is generally below that which can be reliably determined from CO measurements. We therefore predict that for a multiphase medium, there will be low-density clouds containing cold atomic and molecular hydrogen, which are potentially entering the spiral arms.
Neuropathogenesis of Naturally Occurring Encephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes in Ruminants

Listeriosis is a serious food‐borne disease with increasing frequency in humans and ruminants. Despite the facts that in both hosts, listeriosis can occur as rhombencephalitis and ruminants are a reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) strains pathogenic for humans, little work has been done on the pathogenesis in ruminants. This study investigates the neuropathogenesis of listeric encephalitis in over 200 natural cases in cattle, sheep and goats by analyzing anatomical distribution, severity, bacterial load and temporal evolution of the lesions. Our results suggest that LM gains access to the brainstem of all three species via axonal migration not only along the trigeminal nerve, but also along other nerves. The ensuing encephalitis does not remain restricted to the brainstem. Rather, LM spreads further from the brainstem into rostral brain regions likely by intracerebral axonal migration. Significant differences in severity of the lesions and bacterial load were found between cattle and small ruminants, which may be caused by species‐specific properties of antibacterial immune responses. As histopathological lesions of human rhombencephalitis caused by LM strongly resemble those of ruminants, the disease likely has a similar pathogenesis in both hosts.
Recursive definitions of partial functions and their computations

The object of this paper is to present a syntactic and semantic model for recursive definitions, and to study the relation between their computed functions and their fixpoints. The recursive definitions that we consider are syntactic generalizations of those introduced in [2] by Kleene and in [5] by McCarthy. Each recursive definition yields two classes of fixpoint partial functions (“fixpoints over D &ugr; {ω}” and “fixpoints over D”), and a class of computed partial functions obtained by applying different computation rules to the recursive definition. In this work we first describe the relations between the computed functions and the fixpoints over D &ugr; {ω} (Theorem 1), and between the computed functions and the fixpoints over D (Theorem 2). Our main interest is in the class of fixpoints (over D or D &ugr; {ω}) which are also computed functions of the recursive definition.
Social rhythms of the heart

ABSTRACT A long-term research focus on the temporality of everyday life has become revitalised with new tracking technologies that allow methodological experimentation and innovation. This article approaches rhythms of daily lives with heart-rate variability measurements that use algorithms to discover physiological stress and recovery. In the spirit of the ‘social life of methods’ approach, we aggregated individual data (n = 35) in order to uncover temporal rhythms of daily lives. The visualisation of the aggregated data suggests both daily and weekly patterns. Daily stress was at its highest in the mornings and around eight o’clock in the evening. Weekend stress patterns were dissimilar, indicating a stress peak in the early afternoon especially for men. In addition to discussing our explorations using quantitative data, the more general aim of the article is to explore the potential of new digital and mobile physiological tracking technologies for contextualising the individual in the everyday.
Burden and characteristics of influenza A and B in Danish intensive care units during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 influenza seasons

SUMMARY Influenza surveillance in Danish intensive care units (ICUs) was performed during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 influenza seasons to monitor the burden on ICUs. All 44 Danish ICUs reported aggregate data for incidence and point prevalence, and case-based demographical and clinical parameters. Additional data on microbiological testing, vaccination and death were obtained from national registers. Ninety-six patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were recorded in 2009/10; 106 with influenza A and 42 with influenza B in 2010/11. The mean age of influenza A patients was higher in 2010/11 than in 2009/10, 53 vs. 44 years (P = 0·004). No differences in other demographic and clinical parameters were detected between influenza A and B patients. In conclusion, the number of patients with severe influenza was higher in Denmark during the 2010/11 than the 2009/10 season with a shift towards older age groups in influenza A patients. Influenza B caused severe illness and needs consideration in clinical and public health policy.