Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Route Aware Maps: Multigranular Wayfinding Assistance

Abstract In unfamiliar environments, people need assistance to find their way. One predominant form of such assistance is maps. In constructing these maps, there is a conflict between concentrating on the essential information for wayfinding, namely the route, and providing overview information of the environment. The former eases information extraction by reducing visual clutter, the latter allows for reorientation in the environment even if the route has been left. In this paper we present route aware maps, an approach that combines the best of both (map) worlds. We argue how route information can be embedded in its surrounding environment, i.e., the global spatial context, without introducing unnecessary visual clutter. We present a construction process that results in route aware maps and detail each step of this process. Route aware maps shall ease information extraction by focusing on the route as the crucial piece of information and at the same time impart the feeling of efficient and safe navigation by keeping the wayfinder in global context. Providing a global context in route following invokes spatial awareness with respect to the overall environment and, thus, decreases the (felt) risks of making wayfinding errors.
Time to secondary resistance (TSR) after interruption of imatinib (IM) in advanced GIST: Updated results of the prospective French Sarcoma Group randomized phase III trial on long-term survival.

10015 Background: We previously demonstrated that interruption of IM treatment after 1, 3, and 5 yrs in responding patients (pts) with advanced GIST are associated with rapid relapse. The impact of IM interruption on secondary resistance and overall survival (OS) with longer-term follow-up was unclear. METHODS This prospective multicenter BFR14 study was initiated in June 2002 and closed for accrual in July 2009. Pts with GIST free of progression after 1, 3 or 5 yrs of IM 400 mg/day were randomly assigned to continue (C arm) or interrupt (I arm) IM. Reintroduction of IM (same dose) upon progression was allowed for pts in the I group. Primary endpoint was Progression Free Survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS and time to secondary resistance (TSR) defined as time to progression under IM treatment (i.e. first progression in the C arm and progression after reintroduction of IM in the I arm). RESULTS As of January 2011, 434 pts were included in this trial. Fifty-eight, 50 and 27 non progressive pts at 1, 3 and 5 yrs were randomized and median follow-up from randomization were 74, 47 and 18 months, respectively. Results are summarized in the table. PFS was significantly lower in the I arms than in C arms. IM reintroduction allowed tumor control in 94% (49/52) of pts. The rates of pts with relapse at 2 yrs post-randomisation decreases with the duration of treatment: 38%, 20% and 0% of pts randomised after 1, 3 and 5 yrs of IM treatment in the C arm. No difference for TSR or OS is observed between the 2 arms. CONCLUSIONS Reintroduction of IM allowed tumor control in almost all pts. IM interruption had no impact on TSR The rate of secondary resistance decreases with longer duration of IM treatment. [Table: see text].
MPI versus MPI+OpenMP on the IBM SP for the NAS Benchmarks

The hybrid memory model of clusters of multiprocessors raises two issues: programming model and performance. Many parallel programs have been written by using the MPI standard. To evaluate the pertinence of hybrid models for existing MPI codes, we compare a unified model (MPI) and a hybrid one (OpenMP fine grain parallelization after profiling) for the NAS 2.3 benchmarks on two IBM SP systems. The superiority of one model depends on 1) the level of shared memory model parallelization, 2) the communication patterns and 3) the memory access patterns. The relative speeds of the main architecture components (CPU, memory, and network) are of tremendous importance for selecting one model. With the used hybrid model, our results show that a unified MPI approach is better for most of the benchmarks. The hybrid approach becomes better only when fast processors make the communication performance significant and the level of parallelization is sufficient.
Efficacy of telemedicine for stroke: pooled analysis of the Stroke Team Remote Evaluation Using a Digital Observation Camera (STRokE DOC) and STRokE DOC Arizona telestroke trials.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Telemedicine can disseminate vascular neurology expertise and optimize recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) use for acute ischemic stroke in rural underserved communities. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess whether telemedicine or telephone was superior for decision-making. METHODS The study design is a pooled analysis of two identically designed randomized controlled trials conducted in a multistate hub and spoke telestroke network setting with acute stroke syndrome patients, comparing telemedicine versus telephone-only consultations. From each trial, common data elements were pooled to assess, principally, for correctness of thrombolysis decision-making. Secondary outcomes included rt-PA use rate, 90-day functional outcome, post-thrombolysis intracranial hemorrhage, and data completeness. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-six pooled patients were evaluated. Correct thrombolysis eligibility decisions were made more often with telemedicine (96% telemedicine, 83% telephone; odds ratio [OR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69-10.46; p=0.002). Intravenous rt-PA usage was 26% (29% telemedicine, 24% telephone; OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.71-2.25; p=0.41). Ninety-day outcomes were not different for Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, or mortality. There was no difference in post-thrombolysis intracranial hemorrhage (8% telemedicine, 6% telephone; p>0.999). CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis supports the hypothesis that stroke telemedicine consultations, compared with telephone-only, result in more accurate decision-making. Together with high rt-PA utilization rate, low post-rt-PA intracranial hemorrhage rate, and acceptable patient outcome, the results confirm that telemedicine is a viable consultative tool for acute stroke. The replication of the hub and spoke network infrastructure supports the generalizability of telemedicine when used in broader settings.
A generic methodological framework for studying single cell motility in high-throughput time-lapse data

Motivation: Motility is a fundamental cellular attribute, which plays a major part in processes ranging from embryonic development to metastasis. Traditionally, single cell motility is often studied by live cell imaging. Yet, such studies were so far limited to low throughput. To systematically study cell motility at a large scale, we need robust methods to quantify cell trajectories in live cell imaging data. Results: The primary contribution of this article is to present Motility study Integrated Workflow (MotIW), a generic workflow for the study of single cell motility in high-throughput time-lapse screening data. It is composed of cell tracking, cell trajectory mapping to an original feature space and hit detection according to a new statistical procedure. We show that this workflow is scalable and demonstrates its power by application to simulated data, as well as large-scale live cell imaging data. This application enables the identification of an ontology of cell motility patterns in a fully unsupervised manner. Availability and implementation: Python code and examples are available online (http://cbio.ensmp.fr/∼aschoenauer/motiw.html) Contact: thomas.walter@mines-paristech.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Open Network Handles Implemented in DNS

An Open Network Handle System (ONHS) provides an intermediate level of service between IP numbers and domain names. A handle adheres permanently to an owner, who may assign and reassign it to different addresses at will. But a handle is a number, carrying no significance in natural language. Any user desiring a handle may generate one from a public key. This memo describes a simple implementation of an Open Network Handle System using the security extensions to the Domain Name System (DNSSEC).
The Modular Structure of Complex Systems

This paper discusses the organization of software that is inherently complex because of very many arbitrary details that must be precisely right for the software to be correct. We show how the software design technique known as information hiding, or abstraction, can be supplemented by a hierarchically structured document, which we call a module guide. The guide is intended to allow both designers and maintainers to identify easily the parts of the software that they must understand, without reading irrelevant details about other parts of the software. The paper includes an extract from a software module guide to illustrate our proposals.
Mathematical Information Retrieval based on Type Embeddings and Query Expansion

We present an approach to mathematical information retrieval (MIR) that exploits a special kind of technical terminology, referred to as a mathematical type. In this paper, we present and evaluate a type detection mechanism and show its positive effect on the retrieval of research-level mathematics. Our best model, which performs query expansion with a type-aware embedding space, strongly outperforms standard IR models with state-of-the-art query expansion (vector space-based and language modelling-based), on a relatively new corpus of research-level queries.
The Mid‐Atlantic Ridge Near 13°20′N: High‐Resolution Magnetic and Bathymetry Imaging

We describe detailed magnetic and bathymetric studies around 13°N on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, a site of extensive detachment faulting. Inversion of closely spaced sea surface magnetic anomalies reveals a disorganized pattern of magnetization, with anomalies younger than anomaly 2 being poorly delineated. The Brunhes anomaly width is highly variable but averages ~60% of that predicted for the regional spreading rate. It is often split, both along and across axis, by apparently reversely magnetized crust. Gaps in the Brunhes anomaly match gaps in the neovolcanic zone inferred from acoustic backscatter. A strong negative magnetization is associated with the oceanic core complex (OCC) at 13°20′N (OCC1320) and is inferred to arise from exhumed old, reversely magnetized lithosphere. The inferred position of the magmatic axis implies ~30% asymmetry of crustal accretion post‐anomaly‐2. Higher spatial resolution magnetic anomalies near the seafloor, measured by autonomous underwater vehicle, are qualitatively similar to earlier deep‐towed data but differ somewhat from the sea surface magnetics. We interpret this mismatch as reflecting the differing sensitivities of the two observing geometries and the existence of a highly heterogeneous topography and magnetization. This suggests that a strongly three‐dimensional structure exists, more compatible with a geodynamic model where neighboring OCCs are not connected but evolve independently. A modeled near‐seafloor profile through OCC1320 shows low positive magnetization below the smooth dome. A second profile, running E‐W between two OCCs, shows high magnetization coinciding with a large seamount, reflecting recent off‐axis volcanism. Measured microbathymetry reveals extensive small volcanic cones on this seamount and confirms previous interpretations of OCC morphology.
Differentiation and Gene Flow among European Populations of Leishmania infantum MON-1

Background Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region, South America, and China. MON-1 L. infantum is the predominating zymodeme in all endemic regions, both in humans and dogs, the reservoir host. In order to answer important epidemiological questions it is essential to discriminate strains of MON-1. Methodology/Principal Findings We have used a set of 14 microsatellite markers to analyse 141 strains of L. infantum mainly from Spain, Portugal, and Greece of which 107 strains were typed by MLEE as MON-1. The highly variable microsatellites have the potential to discriminate MON-1 strains from other L. infantum zymodemes and even within MON-1 strains. Model- and distance-based analysis detected a considerable amount of structure within European L. infantum. Two major monophyletic groups—MON-1 and non-MON-1—could be distinguished, with non-MON-1 being more polymorphic. Strains of MON-98, 77, and 108 were always part of the MON-1 group. Among MON-1, three geographically determined and genetically differentiated populations could be identified: (1) Greece; (2) Spain islands–Majorca/Ibiza; (3) mainland Portugal/Spain. All four populations showed a predominantly clonal structure; however, there are indications of occasional recombination events and gene flow even between MON-1 and non-MON-1. Sand fly vectors seem to play an important role in sustaining genetic diversity. No correlation was observed between Leishmania genotypes, host specificity, and clinical manifestation. In the case of relapse/re-infection, only re-infections by a strain with a different MLMT profile can be unequivocally identified, since not all strains have individual MLMT profiles. Conclusion In the present study for the first time several key epidemiological questions could be addressed for the MON-1 zymodeme, because of the high discriminatory power of microsatellite markers, thus creating a basis for further epidemiological investigations.
The micromechanics of three-dimensional collagen-I gels

We study the micromechanics of collagen-I gel with the goal of bridging the gap between theory and experiment in the study of biopolymer networks. Three-dimensional images of fluorescently labeled collagen are obtained by confocal microscopy, and the network geometry is extracted using a 3D network skeletonization algorithm. Each fiber is modeled as an elastic beam that resists stretching and bending, and each crosslink is modeled as torsional spring. The stress–strain curves of networks at three different densities are compared with rheology measurements. The model shows good agreement with experiment, confirming that strain stiffening of collagen can be explained entirely by geometric realignment of the network, as opposed to entropic stiffening of individual fibers. The model also suggests that at small strains, crosslink deformation is the main contributer to network stiffness, whereas at large strains, fiber stretching dominates. As this modeling effort uses networks with realistic geometries, this analysis can ultimately serve as a tool for understanding how the mechanics of fibers and crosslinks at the microscopic level produce the macroscopic properties of the network. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 22-28, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dimension-Reduced Analog—Digital Mixed Measurement Method of Inductive Proximity Sensor

Inductive proximity sensors (IPSs) present a unique no-contact advantage. They are widely preferred for displacement measurement in various industrial fields (e.g., aviation and aerospace), and they are improved continuously. When the inductance and resistance components of the IPS sensing core are separated, the influence of temperature drift on measurement can be eliminated. The complexity of online computation of component separation can be reduced using a two-dimensional look-up table method. However, this method exhibits disadvantages, such as large capacity of the look-up table, dependency on precision measurement of sensing core parameter, and nonlinear distribution of measurement resolution. This study aims to overcome these disadvantages by examining the nonlinear relationship between the response of the sensing core and the ambient temperature, and proposes a dimension-reduced measurement method. The proposed method extracts the characteristics of the response curves at two temperatures and calculates the characteristics of the response curves at any temperature using a linear approximation. The look-up table capacity is less than 0.37% of the two-dimensional look-up table capacity (condensed) under the same condition; dimension reduction enables the construction of a complete look-up table directly by calibration procedures and avoids precise measurement on sensing core parameters; the calibration procedures establish uniform mapping of the distribution of measurement resolution. The experiment shows that, when the measurement ranges are 0–6, 0–5, and 0–4 mm, the maximum measurement errors are 0.140, 0.065, and 0.040 mm, respectively, under temperature ranging from 20 ∘C to 110 ∘C. This study extends the measurement range from 0–5 mm to 0–7 mm and improves the measurement accuracy over 0.1 mm (50% at 5 mm) compared with the two-dimensional look-up table method. Therefore, the proposed method not only inherits the advantages of the original method but also achieves the above-mentioned expected capacity improvements effectively.
Band selection and disentanglement using maximally localized Wannier functions: the cases of Co impurities in bulk copper and the Cu(111) surface

We have adapted the maximally localized Wannier function approach of Souza et al (2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 035109) to the density functional theory based SIESTA code (Soler et al 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Mater. 14 2745) and applied it to the study of Co substitutional impurities in bulk copper as well as to the Cu(111) surface. In the Co impurity case, we have reduced the problem to the Co d-electrons and the Cu sp-band, permitting us to obtain an Anderson-like Hamiltonian from well defined density functional parameters in a fully orthonormal basis set. In order to test the quality of the Wannier approach to surfaces, we have studied the electronic structure of the Cu(111) surface by again transforming the density functional problem into the Wannier representation. An excellent description of the Shockley surface state is attained, permitting us to be confident in the application of this method to future studies of magnetic adsorbates in the presence of an extended surface state.
An Integrated 80-V , 45-W Class-D Power Amplifier with Optimal-Efficiency-Tracking Switching Frequency Regulation

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in smart materials for vibration and noise control, precision actuators, etc. [1]. These actuators are largely capacitive and the reactive power applied on them can go to several tens of Watts. High-voltage, high-power class-D amplifiers [2-5] are ideal drivers for such loads, because of their high power efficiency. Preferably, efficiency should be high both at maximum power and at average output power. Obtaining high power efficiency over the full output power range of a class D amplifier is the main focus of this work.
Massively Multilingual Word Embeddings

We introduce new methods for estimating and evaluating embeddings of words in more than fifty languages in a single shared embedding space. Our estimation methods, multiCluster and multiCCA, use dictionaries and monolingual data; they do not require parallel data. Our new evaluation method, multiQVEC-CCA, is shown to correlate better than previous ones with two downstream tasks (text categorization and parsing). We also describe a web portal for evaluation that will facilitate further research in this area, along with open-source releases of all our methods.
Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol pattern in women undergoing pituitary suppression with different gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue protocols for assisted reproduction

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) are used widely in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles for assisted reproduction. At present, there is great debate about the influence of exogenous hormone activity on the hypothalamus–pituitary axis following pituitary desensitization. The objective of this comparative study was to investigate the pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestradiol in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with different GnRH-a preparations. We retrospectively analysed 201 women, aged between 27 and 43 years, who were referred consecutively to our infertility clinic between January 2002 and January 2003. All women had no endocrinopathies or occult ovarian failure as assessed by day-3 hormone profile. Women were enrolled in one of the following COS protocols: depot triptorelin long protocol (n = 38), buserelin long protocol (n = 101) or buserelin short protocol (n = 62). Recombinant FSH was used to induce ovulation. Treatment was monitored by transvaginal ultrasound scan and serum measurement of FSH, LH and oestradiol. Among the women initially included, 30 had cancelled cycles due to poor ovarian response. Serum LH levels were significantly higher in the short-protocol group compared with the long-protocol groups (p < 0.001). The number of follicles, oocyte yield, number of grade-I embryos and fertilization rate were significantly lower in the short-protocol group than in the long-protocol groups. These findings showed that LH concentrations are significantly higher in women undergoing reversible medical hypophysectomy with a GnRH-a short protocol than in women treated with a long protocol. The hypothesis of an LH ceiling is confirmed.
Factors Influencing Categorization Strategy in Visual Category Learning

Studies in visual category learning show that participants use different category generalization strategies. Some studies report a preference for a rule-based strategy, while others report a preference for a similarity-based strategy. We conducted category learning experiments in which we varied three variables — family resemblance of a category, saliency of the defining rule and presentation of transfer stimulus after a delay. Our results show that these factors influence the choice of category generalization strategy. Our study offers a possible explanation for the divergent results in the literature.
Downlink coverage probability in a cellular network with Ginibre deployed base stations and Nakagami-m fading channels

Recently, spatial stochastic models based on determinantal point processes (DPP) are studied as promising models for analysis of cellular wireless networks. Indeed, the DPPs can express the repulsive nature of the macro base station (BS) configuration observed in a real cellular network and have many desirable mathematical properties to analyze the network performance. However, almost all the prior works on the DPP based models assume the Rayleigh fading while the spatial models based on Poisson point processes have been developed to allow arbitrary distributions of fading/shadowing propagation effects. In order for the DPP based model to be more promising, it is essential to extend it to allow non-Rayleigh propagation effects. In the present paper, we propose the downlink cellular network model where the BSs are deployed according to the Ginibre point process, which is one of the main examples of the DPPs, over Nakagami-m fading. For the proposed model, we derive a numerically computable form of the coverage probability and reveal some properties of it numerically and theoretically.