Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning from negative feedback in patients with major depressive disorder is attenuated by SSRI antidepressants

One barrier to interpreting past studies of cognition and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been the failure in many studies to adequately dissociate the effects of MDD from the potential cognitive side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) use. To better understand how remediation of depressive symptoms affects cognitive function in MDD, we evaluated three groups of subjects: medication-naïve patients with MDD, medicated patients with MDD receiving the SSRI paroxetine, and healthy control (HC) subjects. All were administered a category-learning task that allows for dissociation between learning from positive feedback (reward) vs. learning from negative feedback (punishment). Healthy subjects learned significantly better from positive feedback than medication-naïve and medicated MDD groups, whose learning accuracy did not differ significantly. In contrast, medicated patients with MDD learned significantly less from negative feedback than medication-naïve patients with MDD and healthy subjects, whose learning accuracy was comparable. A comparison of subject’s relative sensitivity to positive vs. negative feedback showed that both the medicated MDD and HC groups conform to Kahneman and Tversky’s (1979) Prospect Theory, which expects losses (negative feedback) to loom psychologically slightly larger than gains (positive feedback). However, medicated MDD and HC profiles are not similar, which indicates that the state of medicated MDD is not “normal” when compared to HC, but rather balanced with less learning from both positive and negative feedback. On the other hand, medication-naïve patients with MDD violate Prospect Theory by having significantly exaggerated learning from negative feedback. This suggests that SSRI antidepressants impair learning from negative feedback, while having negligible effect on learning from positive feedback. Overall, these findings shed light on the importance of dissociating the cognitive consequences of MDD from those of SSRI treatment, and from cognitive evaluation of MDD subjects in a medication-naïve state before the administration of antidepressants. Future research is needed to correlate the mood-elevating effects and the cognitive balance between reward- and punishment-based learning related to SSRIs.
Seasonal and Spatial Environmental Influence on Opisthorchis viverrini Intermediate Hosts, Abundance, and Distribution: Insights on Transmission Dynamics and Sustainable Control

Background Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) is a complex-life-cycle trematode affecting 10 million people in SEA (Southeast Asia). Human infection occurs when infected cyprinid fish are consumed raw or undercooked. Ov requires three hosts and presents two free-living parasitic stages. As a consequence Ov transmission and infection in intermediate and human hosts are strongly mediated by environmental factors and understanding how environmental variability influences intermediate host abundance is critical. The objectives of this study were 1) to document water parameters, intermediate hosts abundance and infection spatio-temporal variation, 2) to assess their causal relationships and identify windows of transmission risk. Methodology/Principal Findings Fish and snails were collected monthly for one year at 12 sites in Lawa Lake, an Ov-endemic region of Khon Kaen Province in Northeast Thailand. Physicochemical water parameters [pH, temperature (Tp), dissolved oxygen (DO), Salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), lead (Pb), total coliform bacteria (TCB) and fecal coliform bacteria (FCB)] were measured. Multivariate analyses, linear models and kriging were used to characterize water parameter variation and its influence on host abundance and infection prevalence. We found that sampling sites could be grouped in three clusters and discriminated along a nitrogen-salinity gradient where higher levels in the lake’s southern region predicted higher Bithynia relative abundance (P<0.05) and lower snail and fish species diversity (P<0.05). Highest Bithynia abundance occurred during rainy season (P<0.001), independently of site influence. Cyprinids were the most abundant fish family and higher cyprinid relative abundance was found in areas with higher Bithynia relative abundance (P<0.05). Ov infection in snails was anecdotal while Ov infection in fish was higher in the southern region (P<0.001) at sites showing high FCB. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that water contamination and waterways configuration can influence freshwater communities’ assemblages possibly creating ideal conditions for sustained transmission. Sustainable control may require a better appreciation of the system’s ecology with wise governance and development planning particularly in the current context of SEA agricultural intensification and landscape modification.
Can Influenza Epidemics Be Prevented by Voluntary Vaccination?

Previous modeling studies have identified the vaccination coverage level necessary for preventing influenza epidemics, but have not shown whether this critical coverage can be reached. Here we use computational modeling to determine, for the first time, whether the critical coverage for influenza can be achieved by voluntary vaccination. We construct a novel individual-level model of human cognition and behavior; individuals are characterized by two biological attributes (memory and adaptability) that they use when making vaccination decisions. We couple this model with a population-level model of influenza that includes vaccination dynamics. The coupled models allow individual-level decisions to influence influenza epidemiology and, conversely, influenza epidemiology to influence individual-level decisions. By including the effects of adaptive decision-making within an epidemic model, we can reproduce two essential characteristics of influenza epidemiology: annual variation in epidemic severity and sporadic occurrence of severe epidemics. We suggest that individual-level adaptive decision-making may be an important (previously overlooked) causal factor in driving influenza epidemiology. We find that severe epidemics cannot be prevented unless vaccination programs offer incentives. Frequency of severe epidemics could be reduced if programs provide, as an incentive to be vaccinated, several years of free vaccines to individuals who pay for one year of vaccination. Magnitude of epidemic amelioration will be determined by the number of years of free vaccination, an individuals' adaptability in decision-making, and their memory. This type of incentive program could control epidemics if individuals are very adaptable and have long-term memories. However, incentive-based programs that provide free vaccination for families could increase the frequency of severe epidemics. We conclude that incentive-based vaccination programs are necessary to control influenza, but some may be detrimental. Surprisingly, we find that individuals' memories and flexibility in adaptive decision-making can be extremely important factors in determining the success of influenza vaccination programs. Finally, we discuss the implication of our results for controlling pandemics.
Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of Analysis

In this paper we integrate claims and ® ndings concerning the social functions of emotions at the individual, dyadic, group, and cultural levels of analysis. Across levels of analysis theorists assume that emotions solve problems important to social relationships in the context of ongoing interactions. Theorists diverge, however, in their assumptions about the origins, de® ning characteristics, and consequences of emotions, and in their preferred forms of data. We illustrate the differences and compatibilities among these levels of analysis for the speci® c case of embarrassment. We close by suggesting research strategies that incorporate a social-functional perspective.
Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults: a neglected public health problem.

OBJECTIVES Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case-control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS Falls occurred outdoors more often than indoors among most age groups. Study participants who reported more leisure-time physical activity had a higher risk for outdoor falls, and participants who were in poorer health had a greater risk for indoor falls. Most outdoor falls (73%) were precipitated by environmental factors, such as uneven surfaces and tripping or slipping on objects, and usually occurred on sidewalks, curbs, and streets. Walking (47.3%) was the most common fall-related activity. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor falls among adults aged 45 years and older were frequently attributable to modifiable environmental factors. With the widespread promotion of active lifestyles among older people, improvements in their outdoor environment are urgently needed.
Exhibiting Performance: Co‐participation in science centres and museums

There is a growing commitment within science centres and museums to deploy computer‐based exhibits to enhance participation and engage visitors with socio‐scientific issues. As yet, however, we have little understanding of the interaction and communication that arises with and around these forms of exhibits, and the extent to which they do indeed facilitate engagement. In this paper, we examine the use of novel computer‐based exhibits to explore how people, both alone and with others, interact with and around the installations. The data are drawn from video‐based field studies of the conduct and communication of visitors to the Energy Gallery at London’s Science Museum. The paper explores how visitors transform their activity with and around computer‐based exhibits into performances, and how such performances create shared experiences. It reveals how these performances can attract other people to become an audience to an individual’s use of the system and subsequently sustain their engagement with both the performance and the exhibit. The observations and findings of the study are used to reflect upon the extent to which the design of exhibits enables particular forms of co‐participation or shared experiences, and to develop design sensitivities that exhibition managers and designers may consider when wishing to engender novel ways of engagement and participation with and around computer‐based exhibits.
Functional Neuroimaging and Psychology: What Have You Done for Me Lately?

Functional imaging has become a primary tool in the study of human psychology but is not without its detractors. Although cognitive neuroscientists have made great strides in understanding the neural instantiation of countless cognitive processes, commentators have sometimes argued that functional imaging provides little or no utility for psychologists. And indeed, myriad studies over the last quarter century have employed the technique of brain mapping—identifying the neural correlates of various psychological phenomena—in ways that bear minimally on psychological theory. How can brain mapping be made more relevant to behavioral scientists broadly? Here, we describe three trends that increase precisely this relevance: (i) the use of neuroimaging data to adjudicate between competing psychological theories through forward inference, (ii) isolating neural markers of information processing steps to better understand complex tasks and psychological phenomena through probabilistic reverse inference, and (iii) using brain activity to predict subsequent behavior. Critically, these new approaches build on the extensive tradition of brain mapping, suggesting that efforts in this area—although not initially maximally relevant to psychology—can indeed be used in ways that constrain and advance psychological theory.
School Characteristics and Faculty Trust in Secondary Schools

Different patterns of organizational climate were used to predict faculty trust in the principal and in colleagues. A revision of the OCDQ yielded open dimensions, measured as supportive principal behavior aid engaged teacher behavior; and closed dimensions, measured as directive principal behavior and frustrated teacher behavior: Open climate was correlated with both measures of trust. After controlling for the oilier variables of climate, supportive pri-1cipal behavior was the only predictor of trust in the principal, and engaged teacher behavior tie only predictor of trust in colleagues. The study supports a Parsonian interpretation of expressive and instrumental organizational activities.
Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis (DELSA), with application to hydrologic models

This paper presents a hybrid local‐global sensitivity analysis method termed the Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis (DELSA), which is used here to identify important and unimportant parameters and evaluate how model parameter importance changes as parameter values change. DELSA uses derivative‐based “local” methods to obtain the distribution of parameter sensitivity across the parameter space, which promotes consideration of sensitivity analysis results in the context of simulated dynamics. This work presents DELSA, discusses how it relates to existing methods, and uses two hydrologic test cases to compare its performance with the popular global, variance‐based Sobol' method. The first test case is a simple nonlinear reservoir model with two parameters. The second test case involves five alternative “bucket‐style” hydrologic models with up to 14 parameters applied to a medium‐sized catchment (200 km2) in the Belgian Ardennes. Results show that in both examples, Sobol' and DELSA identify similar important and unimportant parameters, with DELSA enabling more detailed insight at much lower computational cost. For example, in the real‐world problem the time delay in runoff is the most important parameter in all models, but DELSA shows that for about 20% of parameter sets it is not important at all and alternative mechanisms and parameters dominate. Moreover, the time delay was identified as important in regions producing poor model fits, whereas other parameters were identified as more important in regions of the parameter space producing better model fits. The ability to understand how parameter importance varies through parameter space is critical to inform decisions about, for example, additional data collection and model development. The ability to perform such analyses with modest computational requirements provides exciting opportunities to evaluate complicated models as well as many alternative models.
Inexperienced and Anxious Computer Users: Coping With a Computer-Administered Test of Academic Skills

This study assessed the degree to which computer-based administration contributes to test performance differences among examinees. Inexperienced or anxious computer users answered computer-based reading and mathematics questions from a new teacher licensing test. They also answered paper-and-pencil analogues of these questions. While taking the computer-administered tests, half of the examinees had access to on-line familiarization materials only; the other half had additional help from a test supervisor. Results showed that (a) extra assistance from a test supervisor did not have a noticeable effect on test performance, (b) performance on test sections administered later during the session showed no evidence of improvement from practice on earlier sections, (c) most of the variation in performance on the computer-administered tests was explained by performance on the paper-and-pencil analogues rather than by attitudes toward computers or experience with them, and (d) examinees were more positive about th.
Targeting the FLICE Inhibitory Protein (FLIP) in cancer therapy.

In some cases, treatment of ovarian cancer cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha can induce an apoptotic signal leading to the death of these cells; however, many ovarian malignancies are resistant to the effects of TNF-alpha. A new publication describes how these ovarian tumors may evade death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Apparently, the extracellular signals transduced by death receptors (e.g., TNF receptors) are extinguished before the cascade of caspases, which proteolytically cleave other proteins, can be activated. Overexpression of FLIP, a protein that blocks the caspase activity of FLICE, mediates the observed resistance. Thus, FLIP, which normally prevents inappropriate apoptosis, may become a tumor progression factor. Strategies to overcome this FLIP-mediated blockade of programmed cell death in tumors might become useful for positive prognoses.
ABO Blood Group and Incidence of Skin Cancer

Background Previous studies have examined the association between ABO blood group and the risk of some malignancies. However, no prospective cohort study to date has examined the association between ABO blood group and the risk of skin cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings Using two large cohorts in the US, we examined ABO blood type and incidence of skin cancer, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We followed up study participants (70,650 female nurses and 24,820 male health professionals) on their diagnosis of incident skin cancer from cohort baseline (1976 in women and 1986 in men) until 2006. Study participants reported their blood type in 1996 in both cohorts. During the follow-up, 685 participants developed melanoma, 1,533 developed SCC and 19,860 developed BCC. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each type of skin cancer. We observed that non-O blood group (A, AB, and B combined) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer overall. Compared to participants with blood group O, participants with non-O blood group had a 14% decreased risk of developing SCC (multivariable HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.95) and a 4% decreased risk of developing BCC (multivariable HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). The decreased risk of melanoma for non-O blood group was not statistically significant (multivariable HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.05). Conclusion/Significance In two large independent populations, non-O blood group was associated with a decreased risk of skin cancer. The association was statistically significant for non-melanoma skin cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm these associations and to define the mechanisms by which ABO blood type or closely linked genetic variants may influence skin cancer risk.
Interactive Global Illumination Using Implicit Visibility

Rendering global illumination effects for dynamic scenes at interactive frame rates is a computationally challenging task. Much of the computation time needed is spent during visibility queries between individual scene elements, and it is almost illusive to update this information at realtime even for moderately complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a global illumination approach for dynamic scenes that runs at near-real-time frame rates on a single PC. Our method is inspired by the principles of hierarchical radiosity and tackles the visibility problem by implicitly evaluating mutual visibility while constructing a hierarchical link structure between scene elements. By means of the same efficient and easy-to-implement framework, we are able to reproduce a large variety of complex lighting effects for moderately sized scenes, such as interreflections, environment map lighting as well as area light sources.
Laser Treatment of Scars

Abstract Recent advances in optical technologies have produced laser systems capable of optimizing the appearance of scars from various etiologies. Laser treatment can commence as early as the time of the initial injury and as late as several years after the injury. Optimal results can now be attained with minimal down time. Herein, we review several available optical technologies for treatment of surgical, traumatic, and inflammatory scars, based upon our clinical experience.
LIRIS-Imagine at ImageCLEF 2011 Photo Annotation Task

In this paper, we present the methods we have proposed and evaluated through the ImageCLEF 2012 Photo Annotation task. More precisely, we have proposed the Histogram of Textual Concepts (HTC) textual feature to capture the relatedness of semantic concepts. In con- trast to term frequency-based text representations mostly used for visual concept detection and annotation, HTC relies on the semantic similar- ity between the user tags and a concept dictionary. Moreover, a Selective Weighted Late Fusion (SWLF) is introduced to combine multiple sources of information which by iteratively selecting and weighting the best fea- tures for each concept at hand to be classied. The results have shown
Comparing social entrepreneurship across nations: An exploratory study of institutional effects

Institutional and cultural contexts shape social entrepreneurship differently. This paper explores the roles of culture, socioeconomic development, and governance institutions on the prevalence of social entrepreneurship. The empirical results are based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data, including 49 countries across the globe. The results indicate that the negative effect of the level of development holds for entrepreneurial activity in general, but there is no such effect on social entrepreneurship. Of Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions, power distance is negatively related to all types of entrepreneurship, and Inglehart's (1997) secular-rational values are positively related to established entrepreneurship. Self-expressive values relate positively with established social entrepreneurship. The results imply that the existence of social problems and/or market failures does not result in higher levels of social entrepreneurship unless the formal institutions are sufficiently developed. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Resume Les contextes institutionnels et culturels orientent differemment l'entrepreneuriat social. Le present article explore les influences de la culture, du developpement socioeconomique et des institutions de gouvernance sur la prevalence de l'entrepreneuriat social. Les resultats empiriques sont bases sur des donnees du Global Entrepreneurship Monitor et comprennent 49 pays issus des quatre coins du globe. Ces resultats montrent que l'effet negatif du niveau de developpement touche a l'activite entrepreneuriale en general, mais pas a l'entrepreneuriat social. Des dimensions culturelles de Hofstede (1980), la distance du pouvoir est negativement reliee a tous les types d'entrepreneuriat. Par ailleurs, les valeurs seculaires-rationnelles de Inglehart (1997) sont positivement reliees a l'entrepreneuriat etabli. Les resultats suggerent que l'existence de problemes sociaux et/ou d'echecs du marche n'engendre des niveaux plus eleves d'entrepreneuriat social que si les institutions formelles sont suffisamment developpees. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.