Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The world of beauty vloggers on YouTube

A new phenomenon of beauty vloggers on YouTube has exploded and exceeded the viewership of many forms of traditional media. These beauty gurus on the platform are in most cases entrepreneurial women in their twenties, who are trying to get in the beauty genre of new media. Due to their large subscriber’s base and millions of views, it becomes increasingly interesting for corporate beauty brands to partner up with beauty vloggers to promote their products. This level of influence is comparable to those of celebrities and these vloggers are considered to be opinion leaders. Furthermore, product placements in advertising keep evolving due to technological developments and expansion across media outlets. It is valuable for marketers to understand how the level of prominence in product placement effects the overall brand attitude. A multitude of scientific research has been done on the type of endorsers in advertising. There is, however, still some disagreement and discussion about the exact role that celebrity and expert endorsers have on perceived credibility. Furthermore, the comparison between the two types of endorsers in an online context has never been examined yet. Also, little research has been conducted on the effectives of the level of prominence in product placements in vlogs. Drawing on previous literature, a quantitative method using an experimental design with a pre-stimulus and post-stimulus questionnaire was used. The four experimental conditions contained of existing beauty vlogs on YouTube. In the pre-stimulus questionnaire, the level of involvement explained by the elaboration likelihood model was measured. Furthermore, the perceived credibility, overall brand attitude and purchase intention were measured in the post-stimulus questionnaire. In total, 240 female respondents aged 18 to 54 that are interested in beauty participated in the experiment. The findings of this study indicated that both expert and celebrity endorsers have a high perceived credibility. However, when comparing the two types of endorsers, expert endorsers have a significantly higher perceived credibility as opposed to celebrity endorsers across high and low involvement categories. A lower level of prominence in product placement has a significantly more positive effect on brand attitude, as opposed to explicit endorsement for both high and low involvement groups. Furthermore, the findings illustrated that perceived credibility has a negative effect on the purchase intention and the overall brand attitude has a positive effect. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for future studies that aim to research the effectiveness of the type of endorser and the level of prominence in beauty vlogs on YouTube.
Ieee Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 1 Multimode Air-coupled Excitation of Micromechanical Structures

—The development of an acoustic measurement system for multimode air-coupled excitation and detection of micrometer-scale cantilever structures, which are, for example, used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs), is detailed and reported for the first time. The source of noncontact vibrational excitation is a pulsed acoustic field generated by an air-coupled transducer. In the experimental system, the transient response of the cantilever beam is obtained at various points along the beam axis to extract its resonance frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. We demonstrate that measurable amplitudes of vibrations can be obtained at various excitation levels in the megahertz range, and higher harmonics of vibration of a microbeam can be excited by the air-coupled mechanism from a distance on the order of 10 mm. In the specific utilizations of the reported system, resonance frequencies and mode shapes can be related to the mechanical properties and geometric attributes (dimensions and defects), as well as the residual stress state in a microstructural element using various established computational and experimental inverse techniques. Another potential application area of the reported system is in the sensors for detecting the bending stiffness of deposited films on cantilever oscillators (in addition to its film mass loading) to increase the detection sensitivity and selectivity in a single sensing element.
Increased hemoglobin mass and VO2max with 10 h nightly simulated altitude at 3000 m.

PURPOSE To quantify the changes of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) after 22 days training at 1300-1800 m combined with nightly exposure to 3000-m simulated altitude. We hypothesized that with simulated 3000-m altitude, an adequate beneficial dose could be as little as 10 h/24 h. METHODS Fourteen male collegiate runners were equally divided into 2 groups: altitude (ALT) and control (CON). Both groups spent 22 days at 1300-1800 m. ALT spent 10 h/night for 21 nights in simulated altitude (3000 m), and CON stayed at 1300 m. VO2max and Hbmass were measured twice before and once after the intervention. Blood was collected for assessment of percent reticulocytes (%retics), serum erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations. RESULTS Compared with CON there was an almost certain increase in absolute VO2max (8.6%, 90% confidence interval 4.8-12.6%) and a likely increase in absolute Hbmass (3.5%; 0.9-6.2%) at postintervention. The %retics were at least very likely higher in ALT than in CON throughout the 21 nights, and sTfR was also very likely higher in the ALT group until day 17. EPO of ALT was likely higher than that of CON on days 1 and 5 at altitude, whereas serum ferritin was likely lower in ALT than CON for most of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Together the combination of the natural and simulated altitude was a sufficient total dose of hypoxia to increase both Hbmass and VO2max.
The effects of group memberships of victims and perpetrators in humanly caused disasters on charitable donations to victims

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London Correspondence Trevor Keith James, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. Email: Trevor.James@ncl.ac. uk Abstract The effects of group memberships of disaster victims and perpetrators on charitable donations were measured. In Study 1 (N592), victim group membership was experimentally varied to demonstrate an ingroup bias. In Study 2 (N584), a similar bias was demonstrated by varying perpetrator group membership. In Study 3 (N5182), both victim and perpetrator group memberships were assessed. Perpetrator group membership interacted with victim group membership. Moreover, donations were highest when both victims and perpetrators shared a group membership. These effects were mediated by empathy with the victims, and perceived responsibility of the donor to intervene and aid the victim. Findings show that a salient perpetrator group can be harnessed to encourage helping of disaster victims.
The Value of Patient-administered Depression Rating Scale in Detecting Cognitive Deficits in Depressed Patients

Background The aims of this study was to clarify how accurate the depressed patients perceive their cognitive symptoms, and verify the appropriateness of the depressive rating scales in evaluating cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Methods The subjects consisted of 19 well-characterized medication-free patients with MDD and 19 healthy volunteers. The clinical and neuropsychological assessments, including Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ), Finger Tapping Test, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, Stroop Color-Word Test, and Continuous Performance Test, were administered at the time of recruitment and repeated six months after treatment. Results Depressed patients exhibited significant impairment in several neurocognitive domains. Neurocognitive impairment was correlated with both the affective and somatic factors, but not with the cognitive factors of TDQ. The similar results were shown after 6-month treatment. Conclusions Our results suggest that the MDD patients do not perceive their cognitive dysfunction correctly. The depression rating scales, especially the patient-administered scale, need to be validated for measuring neurocognitive deficits of MDD patients in the future, if cognitive component is suspected as one of the major domains of self-rating scale. Keywords Major depressive disorder; Cognitive deficits; Depression rating scale
Siemens Global Studio Project: Experiences Adopting an Integrated GSD Infrastructure

Environments and processes in typical software development are not fully adapted to the needs of global software development (GSD). In particular, they do not have all of the capabilities necessary for cross-site collaboration. While research literature is rich with examples of individual practices and tools that can be used in this setting, there is a lack of examples illustrating how these tools and processes can be used in combination. We have augmented a set of tools and processes for GSD and applied them to an experimental project called the Global Studio Project (GSP). This paper describes the tools and processes developed, and insights gained from applying them to the GSP
Validation of sub-constructs in reading comprehension tests using teachers’ classification of cognitive targets

ABSTRACT Reading comprehension is often treated as a multidimensional construct. In many reading tests, items are distributed over reading process categories to represent the subskills expected to constitute comprehension. This study explores (a) the extent to which specified subskills of reading comprehension tests are conceptually conceivable to teachers, who score and use national reading test results and (b) the extent to which teachers agree on how to locate and define item difficulty in terms of expected text comprehension. Eleven teachers of Swedish were asked to classify items from a national reading test in Sweden by process categories similar to the categories used in the PIRLS reading test. They were also asked to describe the type of comprehension necessary for solving the items. Findings of the study suggest that the reliability of item classification is limited and that teachers’ perception of item difficulty is diverse. Although the data set in the study is limited, the findings indicate, in line with recent validity theory, that the division of reading comprehension into subskills by cognitive process level will require further validity evidence and should be treated with caution. Implications for the interpretation of test scores and for test development are discussed.
The Role of Online Crowdfunding Communities in Funding Cycle Success: Evidence from Kickstarter

O crowdfunding e uma optima oportunidade de financiamento para todos os empreendedores. Gracas ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais e a falta do acesso aos meios tradicionais de financiamento, a procura de dinheiro atraves da Internet, tem tido uma grande crescimento nos utimos anos. O Kickstarter uma das maiores plataformas de crowdfunding, ja ajudou no financiamento de mais de 99521 projetos nos ultimos 6 anos, nas 15 diferentes categorias da plataforma. Apesar do seu crescimento exponencial - aumento do numero de projetos e dos valores de financiamento - a taxa de sucesso dos projetos tem vindo a diminuir: 41% em 2011 a 36.3% em 2015. Para ter uma campanha bem sucedida, os criadores precisam de alavancar os seus skills promocionais e as suas acoes na rede. Estudos anteriores em crowdfunding, demonstraram que os lacos sociais de um empreendedor podem ser decisivos no sucesso de campanhas de financiamento. Mas como e que a rede de contactos criada dentro da plataforma Kickstarter, pode ajudar os empreendedores a atingir os seus objetivos e como e que essa influencia varia de uma categoria para a outra? O Kickstarter permite que os empreendedores interajam entre si e com a sua audiencia de potenciais apoiantes - os criadores podem publicar atualizacoes dos seus projetos, podem escrever comentarios e podem financiar outros criadores da rede. Estes papeis permutaveis - criadores de projetos podem ser apoiantes e vice-versa - criam sub-comunidades de utilizadores onde as dinâmicas de visibilidade na rede, obrigacao social e reciprocidade representam um papel vital no sucesso de campanhas de crowdfunding. Ao comparar dados comportamentais dos criadores de todas as categorias (Arte, Banda-desenhada, Artesanato, Danca, Design, Editorial, Moda, Filme e Video, Fotografia, Gastronomia, Jogos, Jornalismo, Musica, Tecnologia e Teatro) este trabalho ira analisar os diferentes niveis de importância do desenvolvimento de comunidade dentro de cada uma das categorias. Este estudo envolveu a recolha de dados de 85574 criadores e 138550 projetos bem e mal sucedidos da plataforma de crowdfunding Kickstarter, atraves de um algoritmo de scrapping. Os dados de criacao, apoio e de participacao na rede foram analisados estatisticamente para todas as categorias. No final foi feita uma analise qualitativa as variaveis atraves de uma entrevista estruturada e conduzida a 6 criadores de projetos selecionados. Apesar de estudos anteriores terem confirmado o valor do capital social interno presente nas comunidades de crowdfunding, nenhum analisou a sua influencia nas diferentes categorias de projetos, determinando como e que em cada uma pode ser benefica ao sucesso de uma campanha de financiamento. E esperado que o tipo de acoes na rede permitidas na plataforma do Kickstarter nao afectem da mesma todas as categorias, sendo determinantes apenas em algumas das categorias.
Weil-´ Etale Cohomology over Local Fields Weil-´ Etale Cohomology over Local Fields

In [11], Lichtenbaum established the arithmetic utility of the Weil group of a finite field, by demonstrating a connection between certain Euler characteristics in Weil-´ etale cohomology and special values of zeta functions. In particular, the order of vanishing and leading coefficient of the zeta function of a smooth, projective variety over a finite field have a Weil-´ etale cohomological interpretation. These results rely on a duality theorem stated in terms of cup-product in Weil-´ etale cohomology. With Lichtenbaum's paradigm in mind, we establish results for the cohomology of the Weil group of a local field, analogous to, but more general than, results from Galois cohomology. We prove a duality theorem for discrete Weil group modules, which implies the main theorem of Local Class Field Theory. We define Weil-smooth cohomology for varieties over local fields, and prove a duality theorem for the cohomology of G m on a smooth, proper curve with a rational point. This last theorem is analogous to, and implies, a classical duality theorem for such curves. To my parents. ii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my dis-sertation advisor, Niranjan Ramachandran, who originally suggested this topic as a thesis problem. He was always available to me whenever I had questions, and without his guidance, encouragement, mathematical insight, and consistently helpful suggestions, completing this research would not have been possible. for helpful questions and comments regarding the main results of my thesis. Thomas Haines and Lawrence Washington also deserve a great amount of my gratitude, for providing me with constant mathematical guidance while at the University of Maryland. I would also like to thank the mathematics graduate student community at University of Maryland. Without a welcoming social community, graduate school would have been much more difficult. Sharing ideas with my peers has sharpened my dissertation results and general mathematical acumen a great deal. In particular, conversations with and Sean Rostami have contributed greatly to my mathematical edification and development.
Channel gain prediction in wireless networks based on spatial-temporal correlation

Due to the popularity of GPS-enabled Smartphones the location of mobile terminals has become widely available [1]. Aided by such location information, we propose a general model to predict the channel gain of mobile users for multiple time steps in advance. Our model exploits spatial and temporal correlation in a Bayesian framework. The framework is composed of an autoregressive process and, according to our analysis of Rayleigh fading, of a multivariate Gaussian process. Numerical results shows that the proposed algorithm (i) achieves much higher accuracy than autoregression, especially for long-term prediction, and (ii) is substantially more robust than support vector machines against localization errors.
Cooperative dynamics among hunter-gatherers: An experimental investigation of adaptive hypotheses

From small-scale food-sharing among hunter-gatherers to large-scale institutions in modern industrial societies, cooperation is central to human success. This thesis focuses on the former, exploring cooperative dynamics among the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population. I develop a novel experimental approach to exploring hunter-gatherer cooperative behaviour which simultaneously assesses the amount individuals cooperate and who they cooperate with. In contrast to much previous experimental literature, this non-anonymous design permits tests of specific theories for the evolution of cooperation, including: kin selection (cooperating with related individuals); reciprocity (cooperating with others who cooperate in return); and tolerated theft/demand sharing (taking from those with more resources), among other adaptive hypotheses. Using two experimental games – one exploring giving behaviour (donating resources to others) and another exploring demand sharing behaviour (taking resources from others) – I find that individuals from camps with a greater probability of repeated interactions give more to and take less from others. When individuals give to others it is directed towards kin and reciprocating partners, while when individuals take they do so from those with more resources, regardless of kinship or reciprocity. As predicted by theoretical models, this suggests that reciprocal transfers occur when interactions are repeated, while demand sharing occurs when repeated interactions are less likely. Differences in the frequency of repeated interactions may therefore explain some cross-cultural variation in forager food-sharing practices. This thesis also explores the effects of reputation on cooperative and interaction networks, finding that many aspects of forager social networks may reflect the trade of commodities in biological markets. Additionally, assessment of the ontogenetic roots of Agta cooperative behaviour suggests that 3 who children cooperate with, but not overall levels of cooperation, change over childhood in ways which are consistent with adaptive evolutionary hypotheses. These findings provide an insight into the evolutionary and ecological roots of hunter-gatherer cooperation.
Exploratory and Exploitative Adaptation in Turbulent and Complex Landscapes

Using a simulation of organizational adaptation in turbulent and complex landscapes, I examine how the optimal balance between exploration and exploitation is influenced by the organization’s task environment. I find that, contrary to conventional wisdom, increasing exploration relative to exploitation is not always the optimal response to increased environmental turbulence or complexity. Turbulence is found to have a curvilinear effect on the optimal share of exploratory versus exploitative adaptation, with the relative importance of exploitation greatest at moderate degrees of turbulence. While environmental complexity is found to have a generally positive effect on the optimal share of exploration, the effects of complexity and turbulence are found to interact and, jointly, to increase the relative importance of exploitative adaptation over exploratory adaptation. These findings suggest that the proper exploration–exploitation balance depends, in complex ways, on the pressures for global versus local adaptability posed by the interaction of turbulence and complexity.
Autoimmune arthritis associated with mutated interleukin (IL)-6 receptor gp130 is driven by STAT3/IL-7–dependent homeostatic proliferation of CD4+ T cells

Mice homozygous for the F759 mutation in the gp130 interleukin (IL)-6 receptor subunit have enhanced gp130-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation and spontaneously developed a lymphocyte-mediated rheumatoid arthritis-like joint disease. Here, we show that the development of the disease is dependent on both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II–restricted CD4+ T cells and IL-6 family cytokines. In spite of the necessity for CD4+ T cells, the gp130 mutation was only required in nonhemtopoietic cells for the disease. The gp130 mutation resulted in enhanced production of IL-7. Conditional knockout of STAT3 in nonlymphoid cells showed that the enhancement of IL-7 production was dependent on STAT3 activation by IL-6 family cytokines. Homeostatic proliferation of CD4+ T cells was enhanced in gp130 mutant mice and acceleration of homeostatic proliferation enhanced the disease, whereas the inhibition of homeostatic proliferation suppressed the disease. Anti–IL-7 antibody treatment inhibited not only the enhanced homeostatic proliferation, but also the disease in gp130 mutant mice. Thus, our results show that autoimmune disease in gp130 mutant mice is caused by increased homeostatic proliferation of CD4+ T cells, which is due to elevated production of IL-7 by nonhematopoietic cells as a result of IL-6 family cytokine-gp130-STAT3 signaling.
Broadening the Perspective on Military Cohesion

It is difficult to underestimate the importance of cohesion for armed groups or organizations specialized and engaged in organized violence. This article argues that the recent debate on military cohesion has been far too narrow as it focused on Western state militaries during the 20th and 21st centuries, and even then only on the microlevel. It is necessary to broaden the perspective in order to construct theories that encompass even the vast majority of armed groups—the non-Western, nonstate, and nonmodern. This article advocates two ways of doing so: the investigation of cases that belong to these three types and broadening analysis to two new levels of analysis—the meso-level of armed groups and the macro-level, which contains state and society. Cohesion is established through harmonizing these three levels, which necessitates including them in the analysis in the first place.