Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cycles and paths in edge‐colored graphs with given degrees

Sufficient degree conditions for the existence of properly edge‐colored cycles and paths in edge‐colored graphs, multigraphs and random graphs are investigated. In particular, we prove that an edge‐colored multigraph of order n on at least three colors and with minimum colored degree greater than or equal to ⌈(n+1)/2⌉ has properly edge‐colored cycles of all possible lengths, including hamiltonian cycles. Longest properly edge‐colored paths and hamiltonian paths between given vertices are considered as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 63–86, 2010
Managing adverse effects of glaucoma medications

: Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive disease in which retinal ganglion cells disappear and subsequent, gradual reductions in the visual field ensues. Glaucoma eye drops have hypotensive effects and like all other medications are associated with adverse effects. Adverse reactions may either result from the main agent or from preservatives used in the drug vehicle. The preservative benzalkonium chloride, is one such compound that causes frequent adverse reactions such as superficial punctate keratitis, corneal erosion, conjunctival allergy, and conjunctival injection. Adverse reactions related to main hypotensive agents have been divided into those affecting the eye and those affecting the entire body. In particular, β -blockers frequently cause systematic adverse reactions, including bradycardia, decrease in blood pressure, irregular pulse and asthma attacks. Prostaglandin analogs have distinctive local adverse reactions, including eyelash bristling/lengthening, eyelid pigmentation, iris pigmentation, and upper eyelid deepening. No systemic adverse reactions have been linked to prostaglandin analog eye drop usage. These adverse reactions may be minimized when they are detected early and prevented by reducing the number of different eye drops used (via fixed combination eye drops), reducing the number of times eye drops are administered, using benzalkonium chloride-free eye drops, using lower concentration eye drops, and providing proper drop instillation training. Addition-ally, a one-time topical medication can be given to patients to allow observation of any adverse reactions, thereafter the preparation of a topical medication with the fewest known adverse reactions can be prescribed. This does require precise patient monitoring and inquiries about patient symptoms following medication use.
Location Anonymization With Considering Errors and Existence Probability

Mobile devices that can sense their location using GPS or Wi-Fi have become extremely popular. However, many users hesitate to provide their accurate location information to unreliable third parties if it means that their identities or sensitive attribute values will be disclosed by doing so. Many approaches for anonymization, such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-anonymity, have been proposed to tackle this issue. Existing studies for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-anonymity usually anonymize each user’s location so that the anonymized area contains <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or more users. Existing studies, however, do not consider location errors and the probability that each user actually exists at the anonymized area. As a result, a specific user might be identified by untrusted third parties. We propose novel privacy and utility metrics that can treat the location and an efficient algorithm to anonymize the information associated with users’ locations. This is the first work that anonymizes location while considering location errors and the probability that each user is actually present at the anonymized area. By means of simulations, we have proven that our proposed method can reduce the risk of the user’s attributes being identified while maintaining the utility of the anonymized data.
Intra-task scenario-aware voltage scheduling

Modern embedded applications usually have real-time constraints and they have requirements for low energy consumption. At system level, intra-task dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is one of the most effective techniques for energy reduction. It changes the processor's supply voltage and clock frequency to the lowest level that still allows the real-time constraints to be met. In this paper, we present how intra-task scenarios, which capture correlations between different parts of the application, can be applied on top of existing DVS techniques, making them more effective. Furthermore, we extend our method for automatic discovery of scenarios and adapt it to the DVS requirements. We show that, by augmenting an existing DVS method with scenarios, the average energy consumption of two real-life benchmarks is reduced with 14% to 52%.
A Survey of Human Intestinal Helminthiasis in Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

elminthes are parasitic worms which are multicellular bilaterally symmetrical elongated flat animals. Its epidemiology is greatly influenced by human behavioural and cultural practices as well as socioeconomic conditions of the people. Human intestinal helminthes constitute some of the commonest and most important infective disease agents of mankind and as such account for much morbidity and some mortality.
Identification and Characterization of a New Ferric Enterobactin Receptor, CfrB, in Campylobacter

ABSTRACT The ferric enterobactin (FeEnt) receptor CfrA is present in the majority of Campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. Our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another FeEnt uptake system in Campylobacter. Here we have identified and characterized a new FeEnt receptor (designated CfrB) using both in vitro and in vivo systems. CfrB, a homolog of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 Cj0444, shares approximately 34% of amino acid identity with CfrA. Alignment of complete CfrB sequences showed that the CfrB is highly conserved in Campylobacter. Immunoblotting analysis using CfrB-specific antiserum demonstrated that CfrB was dramatically induced under iron-restricted conditions and was produced in the majority of Campylobacter coli (41 out of 45) and in some C. jejuni (8 out of 32) primary strains from various sources and from geographically diverse areas. All of the CfrB-producing C. coli strains also produced CfrA, which was rarely observed in the tested C. jejuni strains. Isogenic cfrB, cfrA, and cfrA cfrB double mutants were constructed in 43 diverse Campylobacter strains. Growth promotion assays using these mutants demonstrated that CfrB has a major role in FeEnt iron acquisition in C. coli. Chicken colonization experiments indicated that inactivation of the cfrB gene alone greatly reduced and even abolished Campylobacter colonization of the intestines. A growth assay using CfrB-specific antiserum strongly suggested that specific CfrB antibodies could block the function of CfrB and diminish FeEnt-mediated growth promotion under iron-restricted conditions. Together, this work reveals the complexity of FeEnt systems in the two closely related Campylobacter species and demonstrates the important role of the new FeEnt receptor CfrB in Campylobacter iron acquisition and in vivo colonization.
Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin‐3 protects hippocampal neurons from excitotoxic injury in vivo

Mitochondria are involved in excitotoxic damage of nerve cells. Following the breakdown of the calcium‐buffering ability of mitochondria, mitochondrial calcium overload induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts that produce free radicals and open permeability transition pores, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. In the present study, we focused on a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin‐3 (Prx‐3), to investigate the mechanism by which toxic properties of ROS were up‐regulated in mitochondria of damaged nerve cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Prx‐3 protein exists in mitochondria of rat hippocampus, whereas we found a significant decrease in Prx‐3 mRNA and protein levels associated with an increase in nitrated proteins in the rat hippocampus injured by microinjection of ibotenic acid. Furthermore, in vivo adenoviral gene transfer of Prx‐3 completely inhibited protein nitration and markedly reduced gliosis, a post‐neuronal cell death event. Since mitochondrial Prx‐3 seems to be neuroprotective against oxidative insults, our findings suggest that Prx‐3 up‐regulation might be a useful novel approach for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Breast feeding is a natural contraceptive and prevents disease and death in infants, linking infant mortality and birth rates

The trend of declining infant mortality has stopped or has increased in at least 21 developing countries. In the last 30 years in Pakistan infant mortality has been over 100/1000 live births. Population size has increased from 35 to 120 million between 1950 and 1993. Pakistan is experiencing a simultaneous rise in urbanization. Breast feeding and postpartum abstinence are often responsible for long birth intervals in certain populations. Breast feeding patterns have changed greatly from exclusive breast feeding to at most partial breast feeding. Partial breast feeding can have a contraceptive effect if sucking is frequent enough. For example mothers who breast fed for less than 4 months had many more new pregnancies than those who breast fed longer than 4 months (p < 0.05). Lymphoid cells that have migrated to mammary glands produce secretory IgA antibodies which are passed to the infant via the milk. These antibodies protect breast fed infants from infection and death. For example in Lahore Pakistan neonatal septicemia occurred 18 times more often among non-breastfed infants than partially breast fed infants. The risk of diarrhea-related death was 23.5 times greater among non-breastfed infants compared to exclusively breast fed infants. Frequent infections brings about undernutrition which only serves to increase the risk of poor growth and development or death. The practice of giving prelacteal feeds and supplementary feeds increases the risk of infection. In conclusion promotion of breast feeding improves the life and prevents the death of many children. Breast feeding campaigns should begin immediately especially in poor societies.
Lethal effect of bleomycin on cultured mammalian cells.

By using cultured mammalian cells lethal effect of bleomycin was measured in terms of mean lethal dose (D37) ; the cytotoxicity on proliferative system was moderate as compared with those of other anti-tumor agents ; the dose-response revealed marked difference between two mammalian cells used. The pattern of drug response during the cell cycle was demonstrated by virtue of the synchrony method. The similarity to the pattern of X-ray response strongly suggested the involvement of the same mechanism in lethal action of bleomycin.
An SQP Algorithm for Finely Discretized Continuous Minimax Problems and Other Minimax Problems with Many Objective Functions

A common strategy for achieving global convergence in the solution of semi-innnite programming (SIP) problems, and in particular of continuous minimax problems, is to (approximately) solve a sequence of discretized problems, with a progressively ner discretization meshes. Finely discretized minimax and SIP problems, as well as other problems with many more objec-tives/constraints than variables, call for algorithms in which successive search directions are computed based on a small but signiicant subset of the objectives/constraints, with ensuing reduced computing cost per iteration and decreased risk of numerical diiculties. In this paper, an SQP-type algorithm is proposed that incorporates this idea in the particular case of minimax problems. The general case will be considered in a separate paper. The quadratic programming subproblem that yields the search direction involves only a small subset of the objective functions. This subset is updated at each iteration in such a way that global convergence is insured. Heuristics are suggested that take advantage of a possible close relationship between \adjacent" objective functions. Numerical results demonstrate the eeciency of the proposed algorithm.
MicroRNA-339-5p Down-regulates Protein Expression of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) in Human Primary Brain Cultures and Is Reduced in Brain Tissue Specimens of Alzheimer Disease Subjects*

Background: BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein. Results: Human miR-339-5p negatively regulates BACE1 and Aβ in human brain cultures and is reduced in AD specimens. Conclusion: Human miR-339-5p physiologically regulates human BACE1 protein expression and Aβ and is dysregulated in the AD brain. Significance: miR-339-5p represents a novel drug target in AD. Alzheimer disease (AD) results, in part, from the excess accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as neuritic plaques in the brain. The short Aβ peptide is derived from the large transmembrane Aβ precursor protein (APP). The rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ from APP is mediated by the β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Dysregulation of BACE1 levels leading to excess Aβ deposition is implicated in sporadic AD. Thus, elucidating the full complement of regulatory pathways that control BACE1 expression is key to identifying novel drug targets central to the Aβ-generating process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to participate in this molecular network. Here, we identified a known miRNA, miR-339-5p, as a key contributor to this regulatory network. Two distinct miR-339-5p target sites were predicted in the BACE1 3′-UTR by in silico analyses. Co-transfection of miR-339-5p with a BACE1 3′-UTR reporter construct resulted in significant reduction in reporter expression. Mutation of both target sites eliminated this effect. Delivery of the miR-339-5p mimic also significantly inhibited expression of BACE1 protein in human glioblastoma cells and human primary brain cultures. Delivery of target protectors designed against the miR-339-5p BACE1 3′-UTR target sites in primary human brain cultures significantly elevated BACE1 expression. Finally, miR-339-5p levels were found to be significantly reduced in brain specimens isolated from AD patients as compared with age-matched controls. Therefore, miR-339-5p regulates BACE1 expression in human brain cells and is most likely dysregulated in at least a subset of AD patients making this miRNA a novel drug target.
Subcutaneous venous port implantation in adult patients: a single center experience.

PURPOSE To present the midterm follow-up results of subcutaneous venous chest ports in adult patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2001 and November 2005, 476 subcutaneous venous chest ports were placed in 472 adult patients. Five patients underwent port implantation twice. All the ports had single lumen catheters. The procedures were performed under intravenous sedation as well as local anesthesia. All ports were placed on the anterior chest wall, except one, which was placed on the trapezius muscle. RESULTS The technical success rate was 99.8%. The procedure- related minor complication rate was 0.63% (total: 3 cases; 1 hematoma during local anesthesia application, and 2 early hematomas) and there were no major complications. Mean duration of catheter usage was 376 days (total: 178,997 catheter days; range: 2 to 1522 catheter days). Late complications occurred at a rate of 10.7% (51 cases). Among those 51 cases, 36 (7.6%) developed minor complications in which port removal was not needed; however, 15 ports (3.15%) had to be removed due to major complications. Seven ports (1.47%) were explanted due to treatment-resistant bacteremia and sepsis, in addition to 2 other ports (0.42%) because of port pocket infections. An additional 6 ports (1.26%) required explantation for the following reasons: skin necrosis (0.21%); incision dehiscence (0.21%); broken or torn catheter (0.42%); jugular vein thrombosis (0.21%); thrombosis of superior caval vein (0.21%). CONCLUSION Radiological implantation of subcutaneous venous ports can be performed with similar or lower complication rates as compared to the surgical literature, due to the obvious advantage of imaging guidance. Hence, we think that port implantation with imaging guidance will become the preferred implantation method in the future.
Molecular phylogeny of the Ceratosolen species pollinating Ficus of the subgenus Sycomorus sensu stricto: biogeographical history and origins of the species-specificity breakdown cases.

The 14 species of Ficus of the subgenus Sycomorus (Moraceae) are invariably pollinated by Ceratosolen species (Hym. Chalcidoidea), which in turn reproduce in the fig florets. They are distributed mostly in continental Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene and Comoro Islands, but 1 species extends its geographical range all over the Oriental region. Fig-pollinator relationships are usually strictly species specific, but exceptions to the 'one-to-one' rule occur within the group we studied. In order to understand both the biogeographical history of the Ceratosolen species associated with Ficus of the subgenus Sycomorus and the origins of the specificity breakdown cases, we have used cytochrome b sequences to reconstruct a phylogeny of the fig wasps. The results show that the pollinators from the Malagasy region and those from continental Africa form two distinct clades, which probably diverged after the crossing of the Mozambique Channel by an ancestral population. The Oriental wasp species show strong affinities with the African species. The two species-specificity exceptions are due to different evolutionary events. The occurrence of the two West African pollinators associated with F. sur can be explained by successive speciation events of the mutualistic partner without plant radiation. In contrast, we hypothesize that C. galili shifted by horizontal transfer from an unknown, presumably extinct, Ficus species to F. sycomorus after this native Malagasy fig species colonized Africa.
Online Learning, Stability, and Stochastic Gradient Descent

In batch learning, stability together with existence and uniqueness of the solution corresponds to well-posedness of Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) methods; recently, it was proved that CVloo stability is necessary and sufficient for generalization and consistency of ERM ([2]). In this note, we introduce CVon stability, which plays a similar role in online learning. We show that stochastic gradient descent (SDG) with the usual hypotheses is CVon stable and we then discuss the implications of CVon stability for convergence of SGD.
Comparing Models of Strategic Thinking in Van Huyck, Battalio, and Beil’s Coordination Games

This paper compares the leading models of strategic thinking with subjects’ initial responses to Van Huyck, Battalio, and Beil (1990, 1991) coordination games. Among the refined “equilibrium plus noise” models we compare, payoff-dominant equilibrium performs better than risk-dominant or maximin equilibrium. Among the individualistic models we compare, level-k and cognitive hierarchy models usually fit better than logit quantal response equilibrium or noisy introspection models. In Van Huyck, Battalio, and Beil games, payoff-dominant equilibrium usually fits better than level-k or cognitive hierarchy. The data favor versions of the models in which people model others as if they were perfectly correlated over the standard, independent versions. (JEL: C51, C72, C92)
Understanding the Roles and Influences of Mediators from Multiple Social Channels for Health Behavior Change

People become increasingly influenced by others in changing and maintaining health behaviors. Along with the advancement of persuasive technology and social networking technologies, the place where social interaction occurs has expanded. As a result, mediators who influence an individual's behavior change can come from diverse social channels. However, little work exists on what roles the mediators have and how differently the mediators motivate and affect the maintenance of health behavior changes of users through various social channels. To investigate this, we conducted interviews with 13 participants who use a running exercise application for maintaining their health behavior changes. This study reveals the roles of mediators from three different social channels, which are the social feature in the application, general social media, and the agent feature in the application. Mediators from the application could influence participants' health behavior change either positively or negatively according to the level of intimacy and the similarity of the physical condition. Social media mediators influence participants' social face and support their health behavior changes by keeping participants in countenance. Lastly, the agent mediator of the application provides continuous reinforcement to participants for maintaining their health behavior changes.
Learning curve of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with systemic lymphadenectomy for early gastric cancer.

AIM To evaluate the nature of the "learning curve" for laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with systemic lymphadenectomy for early gastric cancer. METHODS The data of 90 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer who underwent LADG with systemic lymphadenectomy between April 2003 and November 2004 were reviewed. The 90 patients were divided into 9 sequential groups of 10 cases in each group and the average operative time of these 9 groups were determined. Other learning indicators, such as transfusion requirements, conversion rates to open surgery, postoperative complication, time to first flatus, and postoperative hospital stay, were evaluated. RESULTS After the first 10 LADGs, the operative time reached its first plateau (230-240 min/operation) and then reached a second plateau (<200 min/operation) for the final 30 cases. Although a significant improvement in the operative time was noted after the first 50 cases, there were no significant differences in transfusion requirements, conversion rates to open surgery, postoperative complications, time to first flatus, or postoperative hospital stay between the groups. CONCLUSION Based on operative time analysis, this study show that experience of 50 cases of LADG with systemic lymphadenectomy for early gastric cancer is required to achieve optimum proficiency.
Phagolysosome formation in normal and colchicine-treated macrophages

Intracellular lysosomal fusion has been evaluated in cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages by measurement of transfer of acid phosphatase to polyvinyltoluene (PVT)-containing phagolysosomes. Enzyme transfer was found to be directly and significantly related to the uptake of PVT and to be independent of time allowed for phagolysosome formation over time periods of 15 min to 18 h. In addition, the extent of transfer of lysosomal enzyme to phagolysosomes was unaffected by treatment of the cells with 10(-6) M colchicine, a dose which eradicates morphologically identifiable microtubules in this cell type within 2 h. The data indicate that intracellular fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes in the macrophage does not require formed microtubules and suggest that fusion occurs promptly after interiorization of inert particles.