Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors relating to professional self‐concept among nurse managers

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the self-concept in nurse managers in Turkey and the effects of certain variables on professional self-concept. BACKGROUND Professional self-concept plays a significant role in improving certain professional behaviours. Nursing managers have the potential to influence other members of the profession with their attitudes and behaviours. DESIGN The study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. METHODS This study was conducted with 159 nurse managers in nine different hospitals. The study data were collected with a Personal Information Form and Professional Self-concept Nursing Inventory, and the data analysis was accomplished with descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analyses. RESULTS The professional self-concept score of nurse managers was 3·33 (SD = 0·308). Professional competence subdimension had the highest scores, while professional satisfaction subdimension had the lowest. The types of hospital were found to be influential on professional self-concept. CONCLUSION The types of hospital were reported to influence the professional self-concept of nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nursing managers are visionaries who can potentially influence nursing practices and decisions. Nursing leaders must monitor and administer strategies to improve their professional self-concept.
User-defined gestures for elastic, deformable displays

Elastic, deformable displays allow users to give input by pinching, pushing, folding, and twisting the display. However, little is known about what gestures users prefer or how they will use elasticity and deformability as input. We report a guessability study where 17 participants performed gestures to solve 29 tasks, including selection, navigation, and 3D modeling. Based on the resulting 493 gestures, we describe a user-defined gesture set for elastic, deformable displays. We show how participants used depth and elasticity of the display to simulate deformation, rotation, and displacement of objects. In addition, we show how the use of desktop computers as well as multi-touch interaction affected users' choice of gestures. Finally, we discuss some unique uses of elasticity and deformability in gestures.
Indirect questioning method reveals hidden support for female genital cutting in South Central Ethiopia

Female genital cutting (FGC) has major implications for women’s physical, sexual and psychological health, and eliminating the practice is a key target for public health policy-makers. To date one of the main barriers to achieving this has been an inability to infer privately-held views on FGC within communities where it is prevalent. As a sensitive (and often illegal) topic, people are anticipated to hide their true support for the practice when questioned directly. Here we use an indirect questioning method (unmatched count technique) to identify hidden support for FGC in a rural South Central Ethiopian community where the practice is common, but thought to be in decline. Employing a socio-demographic household survey of 1620 Arsi Oromo adults, which incorporated both direct and indirect direct response (unmatched count) techniques we compare directly-stated versus privately-held views in support of FGC, and individual variation in responses by age, gender and education and target female (daughters versus daughters-in-law). Both genders express low support for FGC when questioned directly, while indirect methods reveal substantially higher acceptance (of cutting both daughters and daughters-in-law). Educated adults (those who have attended school) are privately more supportive of the practice than they are prepared to admit openly to an interviewer, indicating that education may heighten secrecy rather than decrease support for FGC. Older individuals hold the strongest views in favour of FGC (particularly educated older males), but they are also more inclined to conceal their support for FGC when questioned directly. As these elders represent the most influential members of society, their hidden support for FGC may constitute a pivotal barrier to eliminating the practice in this community. Our results demonstrate the great potential for indirect questioning methods to advance knowledge and inform policy on culturally-sensitive topics like FGC; providing more reliable data and improving understanding of the “true” drivers of FGC.
Enzyme‐altered Liver Cell Foci in Woodchucks Infected with Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus

The histochemical characteristics of liver cell foci in woodchucks were investigated. The foci appeared to be distributed throughout the liver and were observed only in the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)‐positive animals, including all 19 woodchucks with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and 7 without HCC. No foci appeared in 11 WHV‐negative animals. Histochemical studies revealed that liver cell foci and carcinoma cells were characterized by positive gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzymatic reactions and decreased glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme activity compared to non‐neoplastic liver. Furthermore, serum GGT was significantly elevated in almost all of the animals which had larger carcinomas. Ultrastructural findings of foci showed some resemblance to carcinoma cells, being characterized by abundant free ribosomes within the cytoplasm and undeveloped endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that the liver cell foci are potential precursors of HCC in WHV‐infected animals, and that serum GGT may be a useful marker for indicating the development of carcinoma.
The Efficacy of Stroke Rehabilitation

Effective stroke rehabilitation is characterised by an interdisciplinary team working cohesively and closely to provide a comprehensive program for each patient. These programs vary in the types of therapies provided as well as their intensity, frequency, and duration. Evidence related to stroke rehabilitation effectiveness, location, management, and composition is presented in this review. As well, past metaanalyses of stroke rehabilitation effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and comparison with other interventions are presented.
A Framework for Modelling User Activity Preferences

The availability of location data increases every day and brings the opportunity to mine these data and extract valuable knowledge about human behaviour. More specifically, these data may contain information about users’ activities, which can enable, for example, services to improve advertising campaigns or enhance the user experience of a mobile application. However, several techniques ignore the fact that users’ context other than location and time, such as weather conditions, influences their behaviour. Moreover, several studies focus only on a single data source, addressing either data collected without any type of user interaction, such as GPS data, or data spontaneously shared by the user, for instance, from location-based social networks (LBSNs), but not both. This thesis proposes a framework that aims to predict users’ current activity preferences (UCAP). UCAP handles data gathered from different sources. It takes into account users’ historical data, their current context, and other external contexts such as weather conditions. The framework was evaluated on five real-world datasets. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed solution, which was on average 12.3% more accurate than a state-ofthe-art technique. Moreover, the experiments evaluated the impact of the main components on the prediction results and showed that UCAP is not constrained by dataset size.
A Database System with Amnesia

textabstractBig Data comes with huge challenges. Its volume and velocity makes handling, curating, and analytical processing a costly affair. Even to simply “look at” the data within an a priori defined budget and with a guaranteed interactive response time might be impossible to achieve. Commonly applied scale-out approaches will hit the technology and monetary wall soon, if not done so already. Likewise, blindly rejecting data when the channels are full, or reducing the data resolution at the source, might lead to loss of valuable observations. An army of well-educated database administrators or full software stack architects might deal with these challenges albeit at substantial cost. This calls for a mostly knobless DBMS with a fundamental change in database management. Data rotting has been proposed as a direction to find a solution [10, 11]. For the sake of storage management and responsiveness, it lets the DBMS semi-autonomously rot away data. Rotting is based on the systems own unwillingness to keep old data as easily accessible as fresh data. This paper sheds more light on the opportunities and potential impacts of this radical departure in data management. Specifically, we study the case where a DBMS selectively forgets tuples (by marking them inactive) under various amnesia scenarios and with different implementation strategies. Our ultimate goal is to use the findings of this study to morph an existing data management engine to serve demanding big data scientific applications with well-chosen built-in data amnesia algorithms.
DNA-based nanoparticle tension sensors reveal that T-cell receptors transmit defined pN forces to their antigens for enhanced fidelity

Significance T cells protect the body against pathogens and cancer by recognizing specific foreign peptides on the cell surface. Because antigen recognition occurs at the junction between a migrating T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC), it is likely that cellular forces are generated and transmitted through T-cell receptor (TCR)-ligand bonds. Here we develop a DNA-based nanoparticle tension sensor producing the first molecular maps of TCR-ligand forces during T cell activation. We find that TCR forces are orchestrated in space and time, requiring the participation of CD8 coreceptor and adhesion molecules. Loss or damping of TCR forces results in weakened antigen discrimination, showing that T cells harness mechanics to optimize the specificity of response to ligand. T cells are triggered when the T-cell receptor (TCR) encounters its antigenic ligand, the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC), on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Because T cells are highly migratory and antigen recognition occurs at an intermembrane junction where the T cell physically contacts the APC, there are long-standing questions of whether T cells transmit defined forces to their TCR complex and whether chemomechanical coupling influences immune function. Here we develop DNA-based gold nanoparticle tension sensors to provide, to our knowledge, the first pN tension maps of individual TCR-pMHC complexes during T-cell activation. We show that naïve T cells harness cytoskeletal coupling to transmit 12–19 pN of force to their TCRs within seconds of ligand binding and preceding initial calcium signaling. CD8 coreceptor binding and lymphocyte-specific kinase signaling are required for antigen-mediated cell spreading and force generation. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) mediated adhesion modulates TCR-pMHC tension by intensifying its magnitude to values >19 pN and spatially reorganizes the location of TCR forces to the kinapse, the zone located at the trailing edge of migrating T cells, thus demonstrating chemomechanical crosstalk between TCR and LFA-1 receptor signaling. Finally, T cells display a dampened and poorly specific response to antigen agonists when TCR forces are chemically abolished or physically “filtered” to a level below ∼12 pN using mechanically labile DNA tethers. Therefore, we conclude that T cells tune TCR mechanics with pN resolution to create a checkpoint of agonist quality necessary for specific immune response.
Migration, legality, and fertility regulation: Abortion and contraception among migrants and natives in Russia

BACKGROUND Migrant-vs.-native differentials in reproductive behavior are typically examined through the prism of socioeconomic and cultural constraints that characterize the migration process and experiences. However, the literature seldom factors in migrant legal status because necessary data is rarely available. OBJECTIVE The study seeks to fill this important gap by looking at variations in induced abortion and contraceptive use not only between migrants and nonmigrants but also among migrants of different legal statuses in the Russian Federation. METHODS We use unique survey data collected in urban Russia from Central Asian working migrant women of different legal statuses – regularized vs. irregular – as well as their native counterparts. Binomial and multinomial logistic regressions are fitted to model abortion experience and current contraceptive use and method choice. RESULTS The results point to higher overall use of abortion among natives, but also to significant differences between migrants with regularized and irregular legal statuses. With respect to contraception, while no variation in overall use between migrants and natives or between migrants of different legal statuses is detected, instructive migrant-vs.-native differences in method choice emerge. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the importance of migrants’ legal status, along with their other characteristics, for a better understanding of their reproductive behavior and for more effective corresponding policies. 1 University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA. Email: vag@ku.edu. 2 Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. Agadjanian & Yoo: Abortion and contraception among migrants and natives in Russia 1278 http://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION The study offers pioneering insights into the intersection of migration, legality, and fertility in contemporary Russia and contributes to the cross-national scholarship on migration and reproductive behavior and health.
Control region sequences indicate that multiple externae represent multiple infections by Sacculina carcini (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)

The rhizocephalan barnacle, Sacculina carcini, is a common parasite of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas, in which it causes significant detrimental physical and behavioral modifications. In the vast majority of cases, the external portion of the parasite is present in the form of a single sac-like externa; in rare cases, double or even triple externae may occur on the same individual host. Here, we use a highly variable DNA marker, the mitochondrial control region (CR), to investigate whether multiple externae in S. carcini represent infection by multiple parasites or asexual cloning developed by a single parasite individual. Sequences for multiple externae from C. maenas hosts from the Danish inlet, Limfjorden, and from the mud flates at Roscoff, France, were compared. In almost all cases, double or triple externae from an individual host yielded different haplotypes. In the few cases where identical haplotypes were identified from externae on a multiple-infected host, this always represented the most commonly found haplotype in the population. This indicates that in Sacculina carcini, the presence of multiple externae on a single host reflects infection by different individual parasites. A haplotype network of CR sequences also suggests a degree of geographical partitioning, with no shared haplotypes between the Limfjorden and Roscoff. Our data represent the first complete CR sequences for a rhizocephalan, and a unique gene order was also revealed. Although the utility of CR sequences for population-level work must be investigated further, the CR has proved a simple to use and highly variable marker for studies of S. carcini and can easily be applied to a variety of studies in this important parasite.
The Developmental Transcriptome of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti, an Invasive Species and Major Arbovirus Vector

Mosquitoes are vectors of a number of important human and animal diseases. The development of novel vector control strategies requires a thorough understanding of mosquito biology. To facilitate this, we used RNA-seq to identify novel genes and provide the first high-resolution view of the transcriptome throughout development and in response to blood feeding in a mosquito vector of human disease, Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for Dengue and yellow fever. We characterized mRNA expression at 34 distinct time points throughout Aedes development, including adult somatic and germline tissues, by using polyA+ RNA-seq. We identify a total of 14,238 novel new transcribed regions corresponding to 12,597 new loci, as well as many novel transcript isoforms of previously annotated genes. Altogether these results increase the annotated fraction of the transcribed genome into long polyA+ RNAs by more than twofold. We also identified a number of patterns of shared gene expression, as well as genes and/or exons expressed sex-specifically or sex-differentially. Expression profiles of small RNAs in ovaries, early embryos, testes, and adult male and female somatic tissues also were determined, resulting in the identification of 38 new Aedes-specific miRNAs, and ~291,000 small RNA new transcribed regions, many of which are likely to be endogenous small-interfering RNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs. Genes of potential interest for transgene-based vector control strategies also are highlighted. Our data have been incorporated into a user-friendly genome browser located at www.Aedes. caltech.edu, with relevant links to Vectorbase (www.vectorbase.org)
Ex vivo Delivery of Suicide Genes into Melanoma Cells Using Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor‐specific Fab Immunogene

The Fab fragment of monoclonal antibody B4G7 against human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was conjugated with cationic poly‐l‐lysine and the resulting conjugate was further complexed with reporter genes or therapeutic genes. This Fab/DNA complex was designated as “Fab immunogene”. The Fab immunogene transfer in vitro was mediated through the EGF receptors in two melanoma cell lines. The frequency of cells expressing β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal) reporter gene was approximately 1%. The induction of suicide effects after Fab immunogene transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) or Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene was quite remarkable, and the growth of melanoma cells was inhibited for over 7 days in the presence of ganciclovir (GCV) or 5‐fluorocytosine (5‐FC). Similarly, when melanoma cells treated in vitro with the Fab immunogene carrying TK or CD were transplanted into the back of nude mouse, subsequent systemic administration of GCV or 5‐FC effectively suppressed the growth of tumors, indicating the occurrence of in vivo suicide effects.
Self-Calibrating Ultra-Wideband Network Supporting Multi-Robot Localization

In this paper, we concern ourselves with the development of a localization system that permits multiple robots to localize themselves simultaneously within a given area, which has been outfitted with a network of stationary radio modules. We derive a clock synchronization scheme for the radio modules, show how each module is able to compute its position within the network, and finally demonstrate how multiple robots are able to operate simultaneously within the space by using time-difference-of-arrival measurements to localize themselves. Since robots are passive receivers in this system and are able to compute their position based only on received and local information, multiple robots can operate simultaneously and without the need for central coordination or centralized localization infrastructure. All results presented in this paper are supported by experimental results, and the functionality of the system is demonstrated by multiple micro-quadrocopters localizing and flying simultaneously within a space.
Benefits of Guided Self-Management of Attention on Learning Accounting

This research investigated the effects of 3 instructional design formats on learning introductory accounting. In accordance with cognitive load theory, it was predicted that students who would learn with a guided self-managed instructional design format would outperform students who would learn with a conventional split-attention format or an integrated format on a recall test and a transfer test. In the guided self-management condition students were instructed to reorganize text and diagrams to reduce the need to search the solution steps within the text and match them with corresponding parts of the diagram, thereby freeing cognitive resources for learning. The results of an experiment conducted with 123 undergraduate university students confirmed the hypothesis by consistently demonstrating that students in the guided self-managed condition outperformed students in the integrated and split-attention conditions on the recall and transfer tests.
The morphology and reproductive structures of Mediterranean species of the genus Nemastoma J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomataceae, Nemastomatales): Nemastoma dichotomum and N. dumontioides

Abstract We investigated a collection of Nemastoma J. Agardh, nom. cons. (Nemastomatales, Rhodophyta), including the Mediterranean type material of species described by J. Agardh, Kützing and Ercegovic, and recent specimens from the Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea and northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Based on their habit and vegetative and reproductive structures, we confirm that: (i) all the Mediterranean specimens studied belong to the genus Nemastoma; (ii) two species of Nemastoma co-exist in the Mediterranean Sea: (a) N. dichotomum, which is characterized by great plasticity of habit, a cartilaginous thallus in its basal and middle parts, and presumed reproduction exclusively by apomixis; and (b) N. dumontioides, which is characterized by a regularly pseudodichotomous, saccate-membranous thallus, and which reproduces both sexually and probably apomictically; and (iii) the Atlantic specimens attributed to N. dichotomum belong to other genera, and so, N. dichotomum is probably endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, three species described by Kützing have been reduced to varieties of Nemastoma dichotomum: (a) var. biasolettianum (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque et Vérges comb. nov. et stat. nov., with ligulate upper parts, (b) var. caulescens (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque et Vérges comb. nov. et stat. nov., with wedge-shaped upper parts, and (c) var. incrassatum (Kützing) Rodríguez-Prieto, Verlaque et Vérges comb. nov. et stat. nov., with spathulate upper parts. Finally, Nemastoma constrictum and N. constrictum var. longitrichogynum are placed in synonymy with N. dichotomum var. caulescens.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of hypothermic machine perfusion versus static cold storage of kidney allografts on transplant outcomes

Adequate preservation of renal allografts for transplantation is important for maintaining and improving transplant outcomes. There are two prevalent methods: hypothermic machine perfusion and static cold storage. The preferred method of storage, however, remains controversial. The objective was to review systematically the evidence comparing outcomes from these two modalities.
Subjective Economic Well-Being in Eastern Europe

This paper analyses subjective economic well-being in several Eastern European countries from 1991 to 1995. Economic well-being explains a significant part of the variation in overall life satisfaction of Eastern Europeans. In an ordered logit model, the determinants of subjective economic well-being are analysed. Some results are very similar to typical findings in happiness regressions, such as a negative but u-shaped age effect, positive influences of education and relative income position, as well as a negative effect of unemployment. Differing results were found with regard to gender and marital status. Finally, comparing indicators of objective and subjective well-being on a macro level indicates that using a standard macro variable for cross-country comparisons in well-being, such as real GDP per capita, may provide misleading results during the early stages of transformation.