Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outdoor work and risk for Parkinson's disease: a population-based case–control study

Objectives Sunlight is the main contributor to vitamin D in humans. Since inadequate levels of vitamin D have been linked to increased risks for neurodegenerative diseases, we examined whether outdoor work is associated with a reduced risk for Parkinson's disease in a population-based case–control study of Danish men. Methods We identified 3819 men with a primary diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the period 1995–2006 in the Danish National Hospital Register and selected 19 282 age- and sex-matched population controls at random from the Central Population Register. Information on work history was ascertained from the Danish Supplementary Pension Fund and the Central Population Register. Based on trade grouping codes and job titles, we evaluated the extent of outdoor work of study subjects as a proxy of exposure to sunlight. Results Relying on trade grouping codes, we estimated ORs for study subjects with moderate, frequent and maximal outdoor work compared with exclusive indoor work of 0.90 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.02), 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.99) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.82), respectively, for Parkinson's disease. Reduced risks were also found for Parkinson's disease among outdoor workers based on study subjects' job titles. Conclusions Our findings suggest that men working outdoors have a lower risk for Parkinson's disease. Further studies of measured vitamin D levels in outdoor workers are warranted to clarify a potential inverse association between vitamin D and the risk for Parkinson's disease.
Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation

Using patent data for four countries (Germany, France, United Kingdom, and Italy) for the period 1968-86, the authors find that the patterns of innovative activities differ systematically across technological classes, while remarkable similarities emerge across countries in the patterns of innovative activities for each technological class. This result strongly suggests that 'technological imperatives' and technology-specific factors (closely linked to technological regimes) play a major role in determining the patterns of innovative activities across countries. (c) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
The Perils of Success

The authors explore the impact of growth in assets under management on the performance of small–cap investment managers. They find that small–cap manager excess returns have a statistically significant inverse relationship to both the level of assets under management and the annual growth in the amount. The relationship between assets and performance appears to be very consistent and to transcend different substyles within the universe of small–cap managers. The authors discuss the challenges these findings pose for current and prospective clients of small–cap managers.
Rebalancing or De-Balancing: U.S. Pivot and East Asian Order

ABSTRACT The U.S. strategy toward Asia in President Barack Obama's first term features pivoting or rebalancing. This article traces the development of the U.S. pivot to Asia from power cooperation to balance of power and analyzes its key components featuring Indo-Pacific linkage, high military profile, and forward-deployed diplomacy in selected multilaterals, minilaterals, and bilaterals. The U.S. pivot has provided misleading reassurance to some U.S. allies and partners, has created a “side-taking” dilemma for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has increased mutual distrust with China, and has disrupted ongoing regional processes. The article argues that it is the pivot, or rebalancing toward Asia, that has, to a considerable extent, de-balanced the region.
Reducing by 50% the incidence of maternal hypotension during elective caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: Effect of prophylactic ondansetron and/or continuous infusion of phenylephrine - a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial

Background: Prophylactic administrations of ondansetron or phenylephrine have been reported to provide a protective effect against hypotension in women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia (SA). The main hypothesis is that ondansetron improves the hemodynamic response, especially combined with phenylephrine infusion. Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study included 265 healthy pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under SA. Women were randomly allocated into four groups to receive either placebo (control), ondansetron (O) 8 mg intravenously before induction of SA, phenylephrine infusion (50 mcg/min) (P) or ondansetron plus phenylephrine (OP). Demographic, obstetric, intraoperative timing, and anesthetic variables were assessed at 16 time points. Anesthetic variables assessed included blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, nausea, vomiting, electrocardiographic changes, skin flushing, discomfort or pruritus, and vasopressor requirements. Results: There were differences (P = 0.0001) in the number of patients with hypotension (50.8% control, 44.6% O, 20.9% P, 25.0% OP), the percentage of time points (P = 0.0001) with systolic hypotension per patient (17.4% control, 8.7% O, 2.1% P, 6.7% OP) and the number of patients requiring supplementary boluses of ephedrine (P = 0.003), phenylephrine (P = 0.017) or atropine (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: A 50 μg/min phenylephrine infusion reduces by 50%, the incidence of maternal hypotension compared with placebo, but infusions of phenylephrine are still not routine in our environment. Prophylactic ondansetron 8 mg might be considered in this situation, because it does not reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension but diminishes its severity, reducing the number of hypotensive events per patient by 50%.
Silence of the leaders: alcohol policy-making in Malawi

This paper draws on the advocacy coalition framework and uses content analysis to examine policy arguments and counterarguments over new legislation governing production, distribution and sale of alcohol in Malawi amidst growing concerns about alcohol-related public health problems and moral decay. We analyzed contents and claims reported in major newspapers (50 papers) and technical reports (2) spanning 2010–2013. Ironically, the findings of the study reveal the beverage industry in Malawi has proceeded by publicly endorsing the proposal for new legislation and openly backing the position of the pro-regulation coalition to restore ‘sanity’ to the nation. At the same time, leading actors in the beverage industry have artfully deployed a mixture of economic and nationalistic sentiments and argumentative crossovers to deflect policy narratives of opponents advocating for tighter alcohol legislation and depicting themselves as an earnest partner in the policy-making process; retaining for themselves a measure of credibility on the alcohol policy-making platform. The paper concludes by underscoring the contingent nature of policy argumentation and the role played by economic and cultural factors in shaping policy processes in Malawi.
Corporate Reputation and Women on the Board

In this paper, we investigate the determinants of corporate reputation, derived from the assessments of managers and market analysts, of a sample of large UK firms. Along with the influences of a variety of firm attributes, we find a reputational effect associated with a female presence at board level. This effect varies across sectors and demonstrates the influence of a firm's stakeholder environment in determining whether a female presence on the board enhances or harms the reputation of the firm. The pattern that emerges indicates that the presence of women on the board is favourably viewed in only those sectors that operate close to final consumers. We argue that the nature of this effect reflects an imperative for equality of representation that highlights the need to reflect gender diversity among customers.
When Will You Arrive? Estimating Travel Time Based on Deep Neural Networks

Estimating the travel time of any path (denoted by a sequence of connected road segments) in a city is of great importance to traffic monitoring, route planning, ridesharing, taxi/Uber dispatching, etc. However, it is a very challenging problem, affected by diverse complex factors, including spatial correlations, temporal dependencies, external conditions (e.g. weather, traffic lights). Prior work usually focuses on estimating the travel times of individual road segments or sub-paths and then summing up these times, which leads to an inaccurate estimation because such approaches do not consider road intersections/traffic lights, and local errors may accumulate. To address these issues, we propose an end-to-end Deep learning framework for Travel Time Estimation called DeepTTE that estimates the travel time of the whole path directly. More specifically, we present a geo-convolution operation by integrating the geographic information into the classical convolution, capable of capturing spatial correlations. By stacking recurrent unit on the geo-convoluton layer, our DeepTTE can capture the temporal dependencies simultaneously. A multi-task learning component is given on the top of DeepTTE, that estimates the travel time of both the entire path and each local path simultaneously during the training phase. The extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets shows our DeepTTE significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Dynamics of Market Orientation in Croatian Economy

It was the goal of this research to examine the dynamics of Croatian transformation to market orientation and test whether the market orientation model changes with time as the business environment changes. Based on the literature analysis, we proposed a hypothetical model which relies on behavioural approach in understanding market orientation. To empirically test the hypothetical model, we used data previously collected for 2001, and by replicating the same questionnaire now collected data for 2011. Data was analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis on the two sets of data. Our findings reveal that Croatian organizations reached the level of moderate market orientation leaving space for improvement. Findings also reveal that higher level of market orientation correlates with higher business performance. Furthermore, with development of ICT, the model of market orientation modified in time in a way that in predicting successful market oriented reaction, specific information on consumer satisfaction gains importance, while general information from competitor and consumer databases lose importance. Despite the changes in the relationships among the elements of market orientation, the model itself similarly predicts performance today as it did ten years ago. Managers are advised to increase implementation of market orientation especially focusing on market responsiveness as such behaviour will lead to better performance.
Quantum oscillations in a biaxial pair density wave state

Significance At higher temperatures, and in high magnetic fields at low temperatures, an extraordinary and unidentified electronic phase, dubbed the “pseudogap,” appears in lightly hole-doped cuprates. At high fields and low temperatures, the pseudogap phase supports quantum oscillations that have resisted quantitative theoretical explanation since their discovery, and it also exhibits an unidentified density wave state. Although the latter has typically been referred to as a “charge” density wave because of the observed charge density modulations, theory indicates that it could actually be an electron-pair density wave (PDW) state. Here we demonstrate theoretically that a biaxial PDW state with 8a periodicity may provide a compelling quantitative explanation for much of the observed quantum oscillation data. There has been growing speculation that a pair density wave state is a key component of the phenomenology of the pseudogap phase in the cuprates. Recently, direct evidence for such a state has emerged from an analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy data in halos around the vortex cores. By extrapolation, these vortex halos would then overlap at a magnetic-field scale where quantum oscillations have been observed. Here, we show that a biaxial pair density wave state gives a unique description of the quantum oscillation data, bolstering the case that the pseudogap phase in the cuprates may be a pair density wave state.
Epidemiology of Breast Cancer among Bahraini Women: Data from the Bahrain Cancer Registry.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of breast cancer among the Bahraini female population in the years 2000-2010 and examine its health policy implications. METHODS All breast cancer cases in the Bahrain Cancer Registry from 1(st) January 2000 to 31(st) December 2010 were included. RESULTS There were 1,005 cases, 12.7% of which were detected by screening. The overall mean age at diagnosis was 50.9 years (95% confidence interval 50.1-51.6). The age-standardised incidence rate declined from 58.2 per 100,000 in 2000 to 44.4 per 100,000 in 2010. The majority of cases were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (76.9%). Of the registered cases, 44.1% and 48.1% had an unknown grade and stage, respectively. The five-year survival rate was 63 ± 2%. CONCLUSION The low percentage of cases detected by screening merits further evaluation of Bahrain's screening programme. More effort should be made to reduce the proportion of unknown stage and grade breast cancers. Future research has to be directed towards understanding the reasons for Bahrain having the highest incidence rate of breast cancer in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.
An analysis of factors affecting job satisfaction of women in paid employment in Benin City

This study examined the job satisfaction of women in paid employment in Benin City. The purpose of this study was to find out whether women in paid employment are satisfied with their jobs or not and to establish the effects of marital status, experience, academic qualification and relationship with superior officers of the women on their perception of job satisfaction. A sample of two hundred women was selected using the stratified random sampling and the data instrument was a questionnaire called „Job Satisfaction of Women in Paid Employment Questionnaire (J.S.W.P.E.Q). Data collected were analysed using the t-test. The result of the study revealed that marital status, experience, academic qualification and relationship with superior officers had no significant effect on the job satisfaction of women in paid employment in Benin City. It is recommended that women should be given opportunities to hold positions of responsibility and conducive atmosphere should be created for them at their work places. Key Words: Women, Job Satisfaction, Employment, Stereotype, Benin City.
Multi-spillover Effects of Multinational Corporations on Host Countries

The debate on the mushrooming growth of MNCs (multinational corporations) across the globe is drawing the attention of researchers as well as policy makers worldwide. This debate concerns the self-seeking motives of the entry of these MNCs in the host nations. Arguments differ on whether the MNCs operate in the new nations for their own motives only, thereby ignoring the interest of the host countries and their domestic firms. Several studies conducted in the past have attempted to measure the effects of the entry of the MNCs in the host nations. Unlike the direct effects, the indirect effects of these multinationals are quite difficult to enunciate due to the imprecise and disparate nature of the definition of these spillovers. The present paper contributes to this research by investigating the findings of past empirical researches carried out on spillover effects generated by these MNCs in the host nations. The study concludes that existence of both positive as well as negative spillovers is not the sole outcome of an ‘MNC entry’ into a host nation as posed by its critics but an array of other factors, thereby calling for a wider research to explore these factors.
Factors affecting location decisions in international operations – a Delphi study

Only a limited amount of research has been reported on factors influencing international location decisions for contemporary manufacturing operations. In this paper a comprehensive set of factors that may influence international location decisions is identified from an analysis of the existing literature. Results are presented from a Delphi study that used a worldwide panel of experts to investigate factors affecting international location decisions. Findings are reported on the motivations of firms in seeking to manufacture across national borders and the key steps that should be followed in making international location decisions. The top five major factors identified that may strongly influence international location decisions generally were: costs, infrastructure, labour characteristics, government and political factors and economic factors. Ten key sub‐factors identified were: quality of labour force, existence of modes of transportation, quality and reliability of modes of transportation, availability of labour force, quality and reliability of utilities, wage rates, motivation of workers, telecommunication systems, record of government stability and industrial relations laws. Additional sub‐factors of increasing importance include: protection of patents, availability of management resources and specific skills and system and integration costs. The factors identified have implications for management practice, for policy‐making by governments and other agencies and for academic research in international operations.
Economic Change and Domestic Industrial Relations Institutions: Towards a Theoretical Model

version of this paper was presented at ’Globalisation and Labour Regulation in Small Open Economies’, University of Newcastle, 13-14 May 1999. The author would like to thank Mark Bray, Gregor Murray, Tony Giles and two anonymous referees from the JIR for their comments and suggestions. ow does ime1ïwtio11al econottrir rbattge affect the domestic institutions of industrial 7-elatioizs? Most comparative industrial relations scholars are acutely aware of the intimate connection between inte171ational economic chazzge and changes in national industrial ,’elatio11s. Neve1theless, in attempting to accoullt fir rross-national diffirences in industrial a elatiotzs institutions and outcomes, they have adopted an ’institutionalist’ approach that treats the exten1al pressures faced by developed countries
Continuing Rapid Increase in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in England and Wales

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Substantial changes have occurred in the epidemiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We examined trends in incidence in a large national population.METHODS: All esophageal adenocarcinomas registered in England and Wales over a 31-year period (1971–2001) were included. Incidence rates were calculated by age, sex, and socio-economic category, by 5-year period, and by birth cohort.RESULTS: A total of 43,753 esophageal adenocarcinomas were analyzed. Age-standardized (world) incidence rates rose rapidly, by an average of 39.6% (95% CI 38.6–40.6) every 5 years in men, and 37.5% (35.8–39.2) every 5 years in women. Incidence has increased about three-fold in men and women since 1971. Incidence has risen in all deprivation categories since 1986, especially in the most affluent groups. The cumulative risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma over the age range 15–74 years in men rose ten-fold, from 0.1% for those born in 1900 to 1.1% for those born in 1940. The cumulative risk rose five-fold in women.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased sharply over the past few decades, both by period and birth cohort. Etiological studies are required to explain the rapid increase of this lethal cancer.
When capital market actors reduce the complexity of corporate personnel and work environment information

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how capital market actors deal with information on personnel and work environment.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a qualitative research approach involving interviews with 14 fund managers and two bankers in Stockholm. The empirical analysis is influenced by a combination of system and network theories where social networks are imposed on capital market actors, when they observe corporate information vis‐a‐vis personnel and work environment.Findings – Capital market actors are influenced by social forces when they reduce the complexity of information on corporate personnel and work environment. Four themes emerged in this study concerning emergent paradoxes which results from such a reduction. First, capital market actors seem to regard personnel in a variety of ways: sometimes as a resource, and sometimes as a risk or a non‐flexible cost problem. Second, they tend to reduce the complexity of information by depending on having the right manage.
Recognition of common childhood malignancies.

Although cancer has an annual incidence of only about 150 new cases per 1 million U.S. children, it is the second leading cause of childhood deaths. Early detection and prompt therapy have the potential to reduce mortality. Leukemias, lymphomas and central nervous system tumors account for more than one half of new cancer cases in children. Early in the disease, leukemia may cause nonspecific symptoms similar to those of a viral infection. Leukemia should be suspected if persistent vague symptoms are accompanied by evidence of abnormal bleeding, bone pain, lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The presenting symptoms of a brain tumor may include elevated intracranial pressure, nerve abnormalities and seizures. A spinal tumor often presents with signs and symptoms of spinal cord compression. In children, lymphoma may present as one or more painless masses, often in the neck, accompanied by signs and symptoms resulting from local compression, as well as signs and symptoms of systemic disturbances, such as fever and weight loss. A neuroblastoma may arise from sympathetic nervous tissue anywhere in the body, but this tumor most often develops in the abdomen. The presentation depends on the local effects of the solid tumor and any metastases. An abdominal mass in a child may also be due to Wilms' tumor. This neoplasm may present with renal signs and symptoms, such as hypertension, hematuria and abdominal pain. A tumor of the musculoskeletal system is often first detected when trauma appears to cause pain and dysfunction out of proportion to the injury. Primary care physicians should be alert for possible presenting signs and symptoms of childhood malignancy, particularly in patients with Down syndrome or other congenital and familial conditions associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Patterns of Internal Migration During the Russian Transition

Internal migration in post-Soviet Russia accounts for 80 per cent of all migration, involving millions of individuals a year. With the fall of communism, the Russian state has withdrawn from the regulation of internal migration, and the right to migrate freely is now an uncontested freedom. For most of the 1990s, the Russian countryside has been a net recipient of migrants, reversing a decades-long trend of rural out-migration. Regional patterns of migration have changed, as the Russian Far East and the north are now experiencing significant outflows. Statistical evidence shows that regional economic characteristics are influencing migration flows. Finally, gender and level of urbanity also affect the process of internal migration.