Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: the Heart and Soul Study.

CONTEXT Little is known regarding the extent to which patient-reported health status, including symptom burden, physical limitation, and quality of life, is determined by psychosocial vs physiological factors among patients with chronic disease. OBJECTIVE To compare the contributions of depressive symptoms and measures of cardiac function to the health status of patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study of 1024 adults with stable coronary artery disease recruited from outpatient clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area between September 2000 and December 2002. Main Measures Measurement of depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ); assessment of cardiac function by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiography, exercise capacity on treadmill testing, and ischemia on stress echocardiography; and measurement of a range of health status outcomes, including symptom burden, physical limitation, and quality of life, using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Participants were also asked to rate their overall health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor. RESULTS Of the 1024 participants, 201 (20%) had depressive symptoms (PHQ score > or =10). Participants with depressive symptoms were more likely than those without depressive symptoms to report at least mild symptom burden (60% vs 33%; P<.001), mild physical limitation (73% vs 40%; P<.001), mildly diminished quality of life (67% vs 31%; P<.001), and fair or poor overall health (66% vs 30%; P<.001). In multivariate analyses adjusting for measures of cardiac function and other patient characteristics, depressive symptoms were strongly associated with greater symptom burden (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.7; P =.002), greater physical limitation (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.1-4.6; P<.001), worse quality of life (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.2-4.6; P<.001), and worse overall health (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9; P<.001). Although decreased exercise capacity was associated with worse health status, left ventricular ejection fraction and ischemia were not. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with coronary disease, depressive symptoms are strongly associated with patient-reported health status, including symptom burden, physical limitation, quality of life, and overall health. Conversely, 2 traditional measures of cardiac function-ejection fraction and ischemia-are not. Efforts to improve health status should include assessment and treatment of depressive symptoms.
Trajectories of remission and mortality over 13 years after intake to substance use treatment

ABSTRACT Background: Little is known about the relationships between long-term patterns of substance use and mortality risk among substance use disorder (SUD) patients. Objective. To determine distinct patterns of remission and relapse of SUD over time and examine their relationship with mortality. Methods. The study site was Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. Data for 997 adults who entered substance use treatment between 1994 and 1996 and 4,241 non-SUD patients with similar demographic distributions (35% women in both groups) were analyzed. Latent class growth analysis identified distinct remission trajectory groups over 13 years among SUD patients, and survival analyses were conducted to examine the risk of death between remission trajectory groups, and SUD and non-SUD patients within each remission trajectory group. Results. Three distinct remission trajectory groups were identified among SUD patients: 1) early relapse—low remission probabilities; 2) declining remission—decreasing remission probabilities; and 3) stable remission—stable remission probabilities across all time points. Among the SUD patients, the early relapse group had a higher risk of death than those stably remitted; stable and declining remission groups did not differ. Comparisons within each remission trajectory group showed that SUD patients in the early relapse and stable remission groups had higher risks of death compared with non-SUD patients; there were no differences within the declining group. Conclusions. SUD patients in the stable remission group had lower survival rates compared with non-SUD patients. These findings underline the importance of continuously addressing healthcare needs of individuals with SUD, even in the presence of long-term remission.
Depression, Mental Distress, and Domestic Conflict among Louisiana Women Exposed to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the WaTCH Study

Background: Psychological sequelae are among the most pronounced effects in populations following exposure to oil spills. Women in particular represent a vulnerable yet influential population but have remained relatively understudied with respect to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). Objective: To describe the relationship between oil spill exposure and mental health among women living in the southern coastal Louisiana parishes affected by the DHOS. Methods: The Women and Their Children’s Health Study administered telephone interviews to a population-based sample of 2,842 women between 2012 and 2014 following the DHOS. Participants were asked about depression, mental distress, domestic conflict, and exposure to the oil spill. Results: Over 28% of the sample reported symptoms of depression, 13% reported severe mental distress, 16% reported an increase in the number of fights with their partners, and 11% reported an increase in the intensity of partner fights. Both economic and physical exposure were significantly associated with depressive symptoms and domestic conflict, whereas only physical exposure was related to mental distress. Conclusions: This large, population-based study of women in southern coastal Louisiana, a particularly disaster-prone area of the country, revealed high rates of poor mental health outcomes. Reported exposure to the DHOS was a significant predictor of these outcomes, suggesting avenues for future disaster mitigation through the provision of mental health services. Citation: Rung AL, Gaston S, Oral E, Robinson WT, Fontham E, Harrington DJ, Trapido E, Peters ES. 2016. Depression, mental distress, and domestic conflict among Louisiana women exposed to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the WaTCH Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1429–1435; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP167
Social Class and Income Inequality in the United States: Ownership, Authority, and Personal Income Distribution from 1980 to 20101

This study outlines a theory of social class based on workplace ownership and authority relations, and it investigates the link between social class and growth in personal income inequality since the 1980s. Inequality trends are governed by changes in between-class income differences, changes in the relative size of different classes, and changes in within-class income dispersion. Data from the General Social Survey are used to investigate each of these changes in turn and to evaluate their impact on growth in inequality at the population level. Results indicate that between-class income differences grew by about 60% since the 1980s and that the relative size of different classes remained fairly stable. A formal decomposition analysis indicates that changes in the relative size of different social classes had a small dampening effect and that growth in between-class income differences had a large inflationary effect on trends in personal income inequality.
Extratropical Atmosphere–Ocean Variability in CCSM3

Abstract Extratropical atmosphere–ocean variability over the Northern Hemisphere of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is examined and compared to observations. Results are presented for an extended control integration with a horizontal resolution of T85 (1.4°) for the atmosphere and land and ∼1° for the ocean and sea ice. Several atmospheric phenomena are investigated including storms, clouds, and patterns of variability, and their relationship to both tropical and extratropical SST anomalies. The mean storm track, the leading modes of storm track variability, and the relationship of the latter to tropical and midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are fairly well simulated in CCSM3. The positive correlations between extratropical SST and low-cloud anomalies in summer are reproduced by the model, but there are clear biases in the relationship between clouds and the near-surface meridional wind. The model accurately represents the circulation anomalies associated with the je.
High mortality in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism and elevated INR not on anticoagulant therapy

Summary The prognostic significance of patients presenting with pulmonary embolism (PE) and elevated International Normalised Ratio (INR) not on anticoagulant therapy has not been described. We investigated whether these patients had higher mortality compared to patients with normal INR. A retrospective study of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital with acute PE from 2000 to 2012 was undertaken, with study outcomes tracked using a state-wide death registry. Patients were excluded if they were taking anticoagulants or had inadequate documentation of their INR and medication status. Of the 1,039 patients identified, 94 (9 %) had an elevated INR (> 1.2) in the absence of anticoagulant use. These patients had higher mortality at six months follow-up (26 % vs 6 %, p< 0.001) compared to controls (INR ≤ 1.2). An INR > 1.2 at diagnosis was an independent predictor of death at six months post-PE (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.8–4.7, p< 0.001). The addition of INR to a multivariable model that included the simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI), chest pain, and serum sodium led to a significant net reclassification improvement estimated at 8.1 %. The final model’s C statistic increased significantly by 0.04 (95 % CI 0.01–0.08, p=0.03) to 0.83 compared to sPESI alone (0.79). In summary, patients presenting with acute PE and elevated INR while not on anticoagulant therapy appear to be at high risk of death. Future validation studies in independent cohorts will clarify if this novel finding can be usefully incorporated into clinical decision making in patients with acute PE.
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome.

Clinical pearls ● Single or multiple yellow or flesh-colored papules, nodules, and plaques ● Commonly found on the extremities ● Two types of connective tissue nevi: elastic tissue type, collagenous type ● Cutaneous and bone lesions typically appear before puberty ● Rare cases of isolated connective tissue nevi without osteopoikilosis in families ● No associated increase in morbidity or mortality
The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire: Construct and Predictive Validity

The purpose of this study was to further examine the construct and predictive validity of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire or PMCSQ. Young athletes (N = 169, M age = 14.2 ± 1.94 years) on teams competing in an amateur international competition completed questionnaires measuring perceived motivational climate, the degree of worry experienced while participating, and team satisfaction. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit of the data with the hypothetical measurement model. In terms of the predictive utility of the PMCSQ, perceptions of a mastery climate were positively related to satisfaction with being a member on the team and negatively associated with performance worry. In contrast, perceptions of a performance climate were positively associated with concerns about failing and the adequacy of one's performance and negatively correlated with team satisfaction. Future directions in terms of instrument development and research on motivational climat.
PAIN IN A PARKINSON ` S DISEASE RODENT ANIMAL MODEL INDUCED WITH 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE EVALUAREA DURERII LA UN MODEL ANIMAL DE BOAL Ă PARKINSON INDUS CU 6-HIDROXIDOPAMIN Ă

Pain phenomenon, the unpleasant sensory and emotional event, appears to evidently intrude in Parkinson disease (PD), a disease formally considered to be restricted only to motor deficits. Although over a half of persons with PD suffer from pain manifestations, there are very few reports targeting this issue. Considering the cases when motor symptoms of PD are eclipsed by severe pain disclosure, there is an obvious need of clarifying the intricate implications of pain in PD context. Because there are few studies researching the link between pain and PD in clinical context, but as well in animal models we chose to explore the effects of pain stimuli on a rodent model of PD. Materials and methods: We experimentally induced a PD model in Wistar rats (n=12) by injecting in the substantia nigra, a brain area known to be involved in PD occurrence, one dose of a 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) solution (8μm 6-OHDA base and 4μm physiological saline), utilizing neurosurgery, while their control peers received same dose of saline solution. Two weeks after the intervention the animals were subjected to the hot-plate test, a behavioral task for acquiring pain sensitivity. Results: There was noticed a statistical significant (F(1,10) = 5.67, p=0.038) sensibility of the 6-OHDA rats to thermal pain stimuli (8.2 s ± 0.8 s in 6-OHDA group) as compared to their peers (13.8 s ± 1.6 s in controls). Conclusions: The involvement of pain in PD animal models is demonstrated raising questions of how it influences PD evolution. Moreover, this result increases awareness of deficient diagnostic methods of pain in PD and as a consequence, poor treatment of pain manifestations.
ipt Recurrent Deletions and Duplications of Chromosome 2 q 11 . 2 and 2 q 13 are Associated with Variable Outcomes

Copy number variation (CNV) in the long arm of chromosome 2 has been implicated in developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), congenital anomalies, and psychiatric disorders. Here we describe 14 new subjects with recurrent deletions and duplications of chromosome 2q11.2, 2q13, and 2q11.2-2q13. Though diverse phenotypes are associated with these CNVs, some common features have emerged. Subjects with 2q11.2 deletions often exhibit DD, speech delay, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas those with 2q11.2 duplications have DD, gastroesophageal reflux, and short stature. Congenital heart defects (CHDs), hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and abnormal head size are common in those with 2q13 deletions. In the 2q13 duplication cohort, we report dysmorphic features, DD, and abnormal head size. Two individuals with large duplications spanning 2q11.2–2q13 have dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and DD. This compilation of clinical features associated with 2q CNVs provides information that will be useful for healthcare providers and for families of affected children. However, the reduced penetrance and variable expressivity associated with these recurrent CNVs makes genetic counseling and prediction of outcomes challenging.
The effect of single or combined dietary supplementation of prebiotics, organic acid and probiotics on performance and slaughter characteristics of broilers

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of an organic acid, a probiotic or a prebiotic alone or the prebiotic combined with the organic acid or the probiotic on the performance and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens fed a maize-soya based diet. The six dietary treatments were: a basal diet (negative control) and diets containing 0.5 g mannan oligosaccharide/kg (prebiotic), or 1.0 g formic acid/kg (organic acid), or a probiotic at 0.5 g/kg, or 0.5 g prebiotic/kg + 1.0 g organic acid/kg, or 0.5 g prebiotic/kg + 0.5 g probiotic/kg feed. Each treatment consisted of eight pens with 50 birds per pen (25 male + 25 female). All dietary supplements, alone and in combination improved live weight significantly at both 21 and 42 days of age compared with the control. However, combinations of the prebiotic with either the organic acid or the probiotic had no additive benefit at 21 and 42 days of age in comparison with the prebiotic alone. The feed intake of the birds was significantly increased with prebiotic supplementation at day 21, but not at day 42. Organic acid significantly improved feed conversion ratio at day 21. The combination of prebiotic and probiotic significantly improved the feed conversion ratio at both 21 and 42 days in comparison with the control. At days 21 and 42 bird mortality was significantly higher in the treatments containing organic acid and organic acid with the prebiotic. In the female birds no slaughter traits were affected by dietary treatments. However, liver weight as a percentage of live weight in the male birds was significantly lowered with prebiotic and probiotic supplementation. Prebiotic supplementation with organic acid resulted in a significantly lower weight of the small intestines compared with the control. In general, the different feed additive regimens that include the prebiotic, probiotic, organic acid, prebiotic with organic acid and prebiotic with probiotic improved the growth rate of the birds significantly compared to the control treatment. The significant improvement in feed conversion ratio when the prebiotic and probiotic were supplemented together suggests a synergism between them.
Age-specific characterization of spinal cord injuries over a 19-year period at a Japanese rehabilitation center

Regional demographics of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are fundamental to identifying and implementing appropriate preventive measures. The current study was conducted as a longitudinal analysis of all patients with SCIs admitted to the Hyogo Rehabilitation Center over a 19-year period. The sex and age of the patient, time and nature of injury (i.e., cause, level, and extent), and period from injury to admission were evaluated retrospectively. Pertinent tests, including Poisson regression analysis, and the Cochran–Armitage, Kruskal–Wallis, and chi-square tests, were applied to assess demographic variables, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Between 1995 and 2013, a total of 632 patients with SCIs (predominantly male and largely < 60 years old) were admitted to our center for rehabilitation. Although the male: female ratio remained unchanged throughout the study period, the ratio of older adults increased over time. In assessing the cause of injury, the majority of the patients involved in road traffic accidents were aged ≤ 44 years, whereas patients aged ≥ 45 years accounted for the majority of low-distance falls and disease-related SCIs, the proportions of which gradually increased. Complete paralysis and paraplegia primarily occurred in patients aged ≤ 44 years, whereas the majority of incomplete injuries and tetraplegia were limited to those aged ≥ 45 years. The patient age at the time of SCI and the nature of the injury sustained were interrelated. Age-specific strategies thus offered the best means of preventing/reducing the incidence of SCIs in Hyogo prefecture.
Central Nervous System Involvement in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults: A Retrospective Analysis of 96 Patients in a Single Center

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a severe complication, which can lead to rapid disease development and higher morality. However, this has not been given enough attention in adult HLH. Therefore, we carried out this study to analyze the clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment outcomes, and other characteristics of adult HLH with CNS involvement. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 96 adult patients with HLH combined with CNS involvement between June 2003 and December 2016 was conducted. Clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features, image changes, and therapeutic outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among the 96 patients, 86 had various CNS symptoms and 33 (38.4%) had already presented symptoms before the HLH diagnosis was confirmed. A total of 59 patients received CSF examinations and showed abnormalities in 23 patients (39.0%). Seventy patients received imaging examinations and the results showed fifty patients with imaging changes (71.4%). Fifty-seven patients received multiple rounds of repeated intrathecal injection therapy and 35 patients improved (61.4%). As for the multiple analyses of effective factors on survival time, the results showed that the effects of combined Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection (P = 0.026, Exp(B) = 2.309, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.108, 4.823) and intrathecal injection therapy (P = 0.013, Exp(B) = 0.422, 95% CI [0.214, 0.831]) on the survival time of the CNS-HLH patients were significant. Conclusions: Complication with EBV infection is a risk factor, and intrathecal injection is a protective factor. CNS involvement in HLH is not rare, which can result in a poor prognosis. Multiple rounds of repeated intrathecal injection therapy can improve the prognosis of CNS-HLH patients.
The Role of Angiotensin II Infusion on the Baroreflex Sensitivity and Renal Function in Intact and Bilateral Renal Denervation Rats

Background: The role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in communication between renal system and cardiovascular system is extremely important. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) index defines as heart rate (HR) alteration versus mean arterial pressure (MAP) change ratio (ΔHR/ΔMAP) . Sympathetic nerve is arm of the baroreflexes and any change in its activity will lead to change in the BRS. The role of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in systemic circulation accompanied with bilateral renal denervation (RDN) on BRS index and renal function was studied. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male and female Wistar rats in 12 groups were anesthetized and catheterized. The alteration of MAP and HR responses to phenylephrine infusion compared to control groups was determined in bilateral RDN rats subjected to treat with Ang II (300 or 1000 ng/kg/min) administration. Results: The BRS index was elevated in Ang II-treated non-RDN (normal) male rats gradually and dose dependently (P < 0.05), while this index was significantly different when compared with RDN male rats (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the BRS index was significantly lower in RDN than non-RDN male rats, and such observation was not observed in female rats. The creatinine clearance (insignificantly) and urine flow (significantly; P < 0.05) were decreased in both non-RDN and RDN male and female rats treated with Ang II. In RDN model, the serum nitrite levels were decreased in male and increased in female by Ang II infusion when compared with vehicle infusion. Conclusion: The Ang II infusion could increase the BRS index in non-RDN (normal) male rats which is significantly greater than BRS index in RDN rats.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 14

Childhood and adolescent trauma can put youth at risk for long-term impairment across several domains of life, including poor educational performance, anxiety, or behavioral problems as late as 2 years after initial trauma exposure (Abramson, Redlener, StehlingAriza, & Fuller, 2007). Prevalence rates of childhood and adolescent trauma can vary by the sample investigated, as well as by gender. In an epidemiological study, Kilpatrick and Saunders (1997) found that in adolescents aged 12-17 (92.9 % European American), rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 3.7 % for males and 6.3 % for females, across several types of trauma exposure. Prevalence of trauma exposure within this sample included witnessing violence (39 A %), experiencing sexual assault (8.1 %), and physical assault (17 A %). Similarly, in the National Comorbidity Survey, Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, and Nelson ( 1995)