Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Peroneal Pathology in Broström–Gould Ankle Ligament Reconstruction for Lateral Ankle Instability

Background: Chronic ankle instability has a well-known association with intra- and extraarticular ankle pathologies, including peroneal tendonitis and subluxation. Patients with peroneal pathology are at risk for failure of conservative treatment for their ankle instability, thus identifying these patients is important and helps to guide management. There has been no literature looking at, in patients with chronic ankle instability, which associated ankle pathologies and patient characteristics are predictive of peroneal pathology. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients (N = 136) who underwent a Broström–Gould ankle ligament reconstruction at a single institution from 2010 to 2014. Preoperative clinical examinations and MRIs as well as operative procedures were documented. Patients with and without peroneal pathology were divided into 2 cohorts, and their preoperative characteristics underwent a univariate analysis with P < . 05 defined as showing a significant difference. Results: Of patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament reconstruction, 53.3% required operative intervention for symptomatic peroneal tendon pathology. Female gender was the only significant predictor of peroneal pathology (P = .008). The presence of an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) was a significant negative predictor of peroneal pathology (P < .001). The remainder of the variables (age, BMI, duration of symptoms, tobacco, traumatic etiology, worker’s compensation, global hyperlaxity, contralateral ankle instability, sport participation, ankle tilt, and deltoid tear) did not show a significant difference between cohorts. Conclusion: In patients who underwent Broström–Gould ankle ligament reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability, female gender was significantly associated with concomitant peroneal tendon pathology. Conversely, preoperative MRI findings of an OLT showed a significant negative association with peroneal pathology. All of the other variables did not show a positive or negative association. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
Congeries, Mapping and Grasshopper

providing a repository for data during program execution (such data is termed short-term data). In typical conventional systems it is the responsibility of the programmer to manage the conversion of data between the transient form suitable for virtual memory and the permanent form suitable for the file store. This is particularly true for modern applications where computational structures have significant semantic content, and the rebuilding of such structures is not only time-consuming, they may be impossible to reproduce. In addition the conversion uses up CPU cycles, and can result in data misinterpretation leading to reduced data protection. Persistent systems, on the other hand, remove the distinction between long and short-term data by providing a single set of mechanisms for the management of data regardless of its lifetime. Work on persistence to date has largely concentrated on implementation of stores adhering to the properties of orthogonal persistence defined in [2]. A much smaller body of work has investigated applications that exploit the benefits of persistence. Persistent stores have long been touted as alternatives to conventional database systems, but to our knowledge no-one, with the possible exception of IBM with the AS/400 [15], has actually implemented a database-style application interface to a persistent store. Such an interface would rely on the underlying persistent store providing a durable repository for data rather than having to provide this durability itself, as occurs with conventional database systems. On the surface it would seem that a persistent database system could be implemented by provision of appropriate software providing the required interface to the persistent store. This approach ignores the performance issues that have long been recognised by the database community [17]. In the quest for performance, conventional database systems provide a durable store by building on or duplicating some of the features of the underlying operating system. For example conventional database systems typically implement their own buffer management. In this paper we describe the current state and future direction of research which has already verified the performance of the Grasshopper persistent operating system compared to Unix executing on the same hardware. This research is now drawing on techniques described in the large body of database literature to improve the efficiency of database operations when utilising features of an underlying persistent store.
Regulation of the tyrosine kinase Itk by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A

Interleukin-2 tyrosine kinase (Itk) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase of the Tec family that participates in the intracellular signaling events leading to T cell activation. Tec family members contain the conserved SH3, SH2, and catalytic domains common to many kinase families, but they are distinguished by unique sequences outside of this region. The mechanism by which Itk and related Tec kinases are regulated is not well understood. Our studies indicate that Itk catalytic activity is inhibited by the peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilin A (CypA). NMR structural studies combined with mutational analysis show that a proline-dependent conformational switch within the Itk SH2 domain regulates substrate recognition and mediates regulatory interactions with the active site of CypA. CypA and Itk form a stable complex in Jurkat T cells that is disrupted by treatment with cyclosporin A. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of Itk and a downstream substrate of Itk, PLCγ1, are increased in Jurkat T cells that have been treated with cyclosporin A. These findings support a novel mode of tyrosine kinase regulation for a Tec family member and provide a molecular basis for understanding a cellular function of the ubiquitous peptidyl prolyl isomerase, CypA.
Case study for placement solutions in ispd11 and dac12 routability-driven placement contests

Routability is a critical issue in VLSI design flow. To address this issue, the routability-driven placement contests [1, 2] held at ISPD11 and DAC12 promote the development of routability-driven placers such as those in [4-6]. ISPD11 and DAC12 contests adopt metrics that are based on global routing solutions to evaluate the routability of placement solutions. However, such global-routing-based metrics typically ignore local congestion, and they cannot evaluate the actual routability effectively. In this work, we develop a translator that allows us to feed the placement solutions of mPL [3], NTUplace [4], Ripple [5], and SimPLR [6] into a commercial router for detailed routing. We then analyze the detailed routing result of each placement solution to better understand the issues that may cause routing violations. Moreover, we examine the suitability of using the ISPD11 and DAC12 metrics in predicting routability. Our findings indicated that the metrics might not reliably predict actual routability, in terms of the number of (detailed) routing violations.
Efficacy and safety of clarithromycin versus erythromycin for the treatment of pertussis: a prospective, randomized, single blind trial.

BACKGROUND Pertussis is still a prevalent public health problem, and antibiotic therapy may decrease disease severity and limit communicability. Erythromycin is the recommended antibiotic for treatment and prophylaxis of pertussis; however, side effects of erythromycin limit its usefulness in some patients. Clarithromycin, a newer macrolide, has good in vitro activity against Bordetella pertussis and a better side effect profile. GOALS OF THE STUDY To compare the microbiologic and clinical efficacy and the clinical safety of a 7-day course of clarithromycin vs. a 14-day course of erythromycin in children with pertussis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, single blind (investigator), parallel group trial. METHODS Children from 1 month to 16 years of age presenting with a clinically defined pertussis syndrome were eligible for the study. After obtaining informed written consent, we randomized patients to receive either clarithromycin (7.5 mg/kg/dose twice a day for 7 days) or erythromycin (13.3 mg/kg/dose three times a day for 14 days). Nasopharyngeal cultures for B. pertussis were performed at enrollment and after end of treatment. Clinical assessments were performed at enrollment, at end of treatment and at a 1-month follow-up visit. Adverse event data were collected throughout the study. RESULTS The clarithromycin (n = 76) and erythromycin (n = 77) groups were well-matched for age and previous pertussis immunization. Microbiologic eradication and clinical cure rates were 100% (31 of 31) for clarithromycin and 96% (22 of 23) for erythromycin. The clarithromycin group had significantly fewer adverse events [45% (34 of 76) for clarithromycin vs. 62% (48 of 77) for erythromycin; P = 0.035], and compliance with the medication regimen was significantly higher in these patients. CONCLUSIONS A 7-day regimen of clarithromycin and a 14-day course of erythromycin were equally effective for treatment of pertussis. Clarithromycin was better tolerated than conventional erythromycin therapy.
Applications of Electromagnetic Models of the Lightning Return Stroke

Lightning return-stroke models are needed to study lightning effects on various objects and systems, as well as in characterizing the lightning electromagnetic environment. Reviewed here are models based on Maxwell's equations and referred to as electromagnetic models. In contrast to distributed-circuit and so-called engineering models, electromagnetic models of the lightning return stroke allow a self-consistent full-wave solution for both current distribution along the lightning channel and associated electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we review electromagnetic models with an emphasis on their applications.
Relay Enhanced LTE-Advanced Networks – Resource Allocation and QoS provisioning

Some of the key driving forces behind the transition from the UMTS based cellular system to the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) are to improve the mean and the cell-edge throughput, improve the user fairness, and improve the quality of service (QoS) satisfaction for all users. In the latter system, relays appear as one of the most prominent enabler for improving the cell-edge user experience while increasing the system’s fairness. In this white paper, we present the basics of relay deployments in LTE-A networks. Moreover, we analyze resource allocation problem for Relay Nodes (RN) deployments and present some of the solutions for improvement in system resource usage and QoS satisfaction. Afterwards, we introduce the capabilities of NOMOR’s LTE-A system level simulator and evaluate the performance of LTE-A relay systems under the described solutions.
Quantization of black hole entropy from quasinormal modes

Using the new physical interpretation of quasinormal modes proposed by Maggiore, we calculate the quantum spectra of entropy for various types of non-rotating black holes with no charge. The spectrum is obtained by imposing Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition to the adiabatic invariant quantity. We conjecture that the spacing of entropy spectrum is equidistant and is independent of the dimension of spacetime. However, the spacing of area spectrum depends on gravity theory. In Einstein's gravity, it is equally spaced, otherwise it is non-equidistant.
Distribution of maternal immunoglobulins in the mouse uterus and embryo in the days after implantation

The distribution of maternal immunoglobulins in the mouse uterus and embryo in the days after implantation has been studied on sections incubated with sheep Fab anti-mouse immunoglobulins labeled with peroxidase. At the time of implantation the blastocyst is already surrounded by immunoglobulins that are also present in the blastocoel and early endoderm; uterine glands contain large amounts of immunoglobulins. Later, immunoglobulins are concentrated in the vacuolated endoderm, then the visceral yolk sac and the embryonic gut. They are also present in the various cavities of the embryo. Trophoblast cells progressively contain increasing amounts of immunoglobulins. In the decidua, immunoglobulins coat the cells and also occasionally appear as cytoplasmic granules. The early presence of maternal immunoglobulins may represent the transfer of serum proteins as a means of nutrition for the embryo. It is also very likely to have an immunological significance in the protection of the embryo.
Potential Application of Tregitopes as Immunomodulating Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

The induction of immunologic tolerance is an important clinical goal in autoimmunity. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, defined by the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), play a central role in the control of autoimmune responses. Quantitative and qualitative defects of Tregs have been postulated to contribute to failed immune regulation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. This paper highlights the potential uses of T regulatory cell epitopes (Tregitopes), natural Treg epitopes found to be contained in human immunoglobulins, as immunomodulating agents in MS. Tregitopes expand Treg cells and induce “adaptive Tregs” resulting in immunosuppression and, therefore, are being considered as a potential therapy for autoimmune diseases. We will compare Tregitopes versus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of EAE with emphasis on the potential applications of Tregitope for the treatment of MS.
Postpartum breast cancer behaves differently

Background and Aim: Previous studies suggest a worse prognosis for postpartum breast cancer (PPBC) diagnosed within the first 12 months following delivery. We investigated this hypothesis in our setting through a retrospective pilot study. Methods: A retrospective multicentre paired case-control study of breast cancer patients diagnosed under age 45 from the UZ Leuven database or affiliated centres. We compared disease outcome of women with a PPBC and those without a pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC). They were matched for the following prognostic markers: age at diagnosis, tumour type, characteristics and stage. Kaplan-Meier statistics were applied for overall and disease free survival. Results: 53 PPBC cases were matched with 103 controls. All PPBC patients were diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 56.6% of cases and 13% were primary metastasized at diagnosis. A third was triple-negative and another third was HER-2-positive.The 5-year overall survival was 60% and 84% respectively for PPBC cases and control group. 5-year disease free survival was respectively 53% and 68%. Conclusions: We confirm that postpartum breast cancer behaves more aggressively than the matched non-PABC group. Longer follow-up and extension of the study group are necessary to confirm these findings.
Effect of surgical wound fluids after intraoperative electron radiotherapy on the cancer stem cell phenotype in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines

The wound healing process after surgery alters the area surrounding the original tumor and around the scar, and the modified microenvironment is more favorable for tumor recurrence. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is one of the more novel strategies in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Irradiation during surgery has effects on the tumor microenvironment, abrogating the proliferative cascade induced by surgical wound healing. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of surgical wound fluids from IOERT treatment (RT-WF) compared with wound fluids from conservative-breast surgery only (WF) on the cancer stem cell phenotype in a panel of BC cell lines. Post-operative wound fluids were derived from patients with BC who underwent a tumor resection (quadrantectomy) plus intraoperative electron radiotherapy using a single dose of ≤10 Gy on the tumor bed and surrounding tissues, or from those who underwent a tumor resection without IOERT. Cell lines were incubated with 10% wound fluids, and after 4 days, the cluster of differentiation (CD)44+/CD24−/low phenotype and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity were determined by flow cytometry. The two types of fluid each affected the CD44+/CD24−/low phenotype. The results varied markedly between each cell line, even for the same histological subtypes. RT-WF decreased the CD44+/CD24−/low populations in the basal-like BT-549 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, whereas in the luminal type MCF7 cell line, the two fluids inhibited these populations. The HER-OE subtypes harbored a minimal CD44+/CD24−/low population, but the growth of SK-BR-3 was stimulated by the two post-operative fluids. WF exhibited a stronger effect on ALDH1 activity compared with RT-WF. The stimulatory effect was dependent on the histological subtype of the cell line and the strongest dependence was observed in luminal subtypes characterized by low dehydrogenase activity in the control group. The present results enable a better understanding of the mechanism of recurrence and metastases following BC surgery. With respect to histological phenotype, its effect on tumor progression, either local or systemic, strongly suggests the requirement for further research and clinical validation.
Efficient Simulation using Shadowing Fields of Many Wireless Interferers with Correlated Shadowing

As the number of wireless devices sharing a radio band increases, so does the number N of potential co-channel interferers. The receiver performance is then strongly dependent on the total received interference power. While the statistics of this power have previously been studied under the channel assumption of independent shadowing, it is easy to show that for large N the correlation among the shadowing paths cannot be neglected. While this correlation may be simulated by matrix decomposition, we show that an alternative approximately equivalent algorithm using shadowing fields can achieve simulation performance that scales much better with N and has additional advantages.
Temperature-independent switching rates for a random telegraph signal in a silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor at low temperatures

We have observed discrete random telegraph signals (RTSs) in the drain voltages of three, nominally 1.25 μm×1.25 μm, enhancement-mode p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors operated in strong inversion in their linear regimes with constant drain-current and gate-voltage bias, for temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 300 K. The switching rates for all RTSs observed above 30 K were thermally activated. The switching rate for the only RTS observed below 30 K was thermally activated above 30 K but temperature independent below 10 K. This response is consistent with a crossover from thermal activation to tunneling at low temperatures. Implications are discussed for models of change exchange between the Si and the near-interfacial SiO2.
Maximum capacities for adsorption of phenanthrene in the slowly and very slowly desorbing domains in nineteen soils and sediments

The maximum amounts of phenanthrene that can be taken up in both the slowly desorbing domain and the very slowly desorbing domain of 19 soils and sediments were determined by measuring the desorption of phenanthrene added at high loadings associated with equilibrium concentrations in water close to the aqueous solubility of phenanthrene. For two soils and one sediment, literature values for Langmuir phenanthrene adsorption capacities were available. These values were almost equal to the sum of the maximum amounts taken up in the slowly and in the very slowly desorbing domain. For the other soils, the range of the sum of the maximum amounts in the slowly and very slowly desorbing domains was comparable to the range for literature values of Langmuir phenanthrene adsorption capacities for soils and sediments. Results suggested that the maximum amounts determined from the desorption studies were Langmuir adsorption capacities. The correlation of maximum capacities for adsorption in both the slow desorption domain as well as the very slow desorption domain with soot content was virtually absent. In contrast, the variation of maximum amounts of phenanthrene adsorbed in either the slowly or the very slowly desorbing domains was substantially reduced by normalization to the total organic carbon content of the soils and sediments. It is suggested that adsorption in the slowly and very slowly desorbing domain took place in organic matter derived material such as kerogen, charcoal, or char.
Social cognition and social skills in schizophrenia: the role of self-monitoring.

Author Information 1 Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 708035501. Send reprint requests to Dr. Penn. 2 University of Chicago, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Tinley Park, Illinois. 3 Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, Illinois. 4 University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, California. 5 Jackson State University, Department of Psychology, Jackson, Mississippi. 6 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, Lincoln, Nebraska. The authors acknowledge the following individuals for the assistance during various stages of this study: the staff and clients of the University of Chicago Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, and Catherine McCarthy, Ph.D. Individuals with schizophrenia, relative to both clinical and nonclinical control subjects, demonstrate significant deficits in social skills (Mueser and Bellack, 1998). To identify factors that contribute to impairments in social skills, it has been argued that increased attention should be placed on social cognition, the processing of social information (Silverstein, 1997). And, in fact, there is growing evidence that individuals with schizophrenia have specific impairments in social cognition and that these impairments have important functional consequences (reviewed in Penn et al., 1997).
Vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor and renal water homeostasis in premature newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), and body fluid and electrolyte balance were examined during the first five days of life in eleven premature infants (birthweight 1610 +/- 240 g, gestation 30 +/- 1 weeks) receiving mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Plasma hANP and urine AVP concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay on the first, third and fifth days. Arginine vasopressin urine levels remained constantly elevated during the study period (mean +/- SD 13.5 +/- 7.8 day 1, 12.0 +/- 9.9 day 3, 13.2 +/- 5.1 ng/l day 5, p = n.s.), while plasma hANP was significantly increased on the third day (626 +/- 495 vs. 298 +/- 240 pg/ml on day 1, p < .05). Urine sodium concentration, urine osmolality and osmolality and osmolar clearance were elevated significantly as well on day 3, p < . 05, and correlated to hANP levels. Body weight decreased during the study by 8.2% on the third day and by 11.3% of birthweight on the fifth day. A significant increase in creatinine clearance occurred after the third day (p < .01), while free water clearance remained essentially the same during the first five days of life. We speculate that an increase in plasma hANP concentration on day 3 of life results in a natriuresis and osmolar diuresis without correlations or temporal relationships to hypervasopressinemia of the premature neonate with RDS.