Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA gp100) in the brush border of normal jejunum and jejunum of patients with coeliac disease.

Expression of the gp100 common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA) was studied in the mucosa of the gut by means of indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat tissue sections with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies to common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (anti-CALLA antibodies) and two antibodies to non-CALLA leukaemic antigens. Expression of CALLA was absent from normal stomach epithelium, adult and fetal colonic epithelium of normal histology, and colonic epithelium from patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. By contrast, all eight anti-CALLA antibodies gave a characteristic reaction in normal adult and fetal small bowel mucosa, with specific localisation to the entire brush border of jejunal epithelium. Whereas seven of these antibodies reacted both with normal jejunal epithelium and with the damaged epithelium of patients with coeliac disease, antibody RFAL-2 reacted strongly only with histologically normal small bowel but more weakly in patients with coeliac disease to a degree related to the amount of histological abnormality. Expression of the moeity like CALLA identified with RFAL-2 was strongest in crypt epithelium and proportionally diminished along the villi according to the amount of histological damage in coeliac disease, being essentially absent in patients with "subtotal villous atrophy. "
Lactation Support and Breastfeeding Duration in Jaundiced Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives Neonatal jaundice is the most common problem in full-term infants during the immediate post-natal period. We examined the effect of a lactation support intervention on breastfeeding duration in hospitalized jaundiced infants. Study Design We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a qualitative component involving mothers of hospitalized jaundiced breastfed infants <4 weeks of age. Mothers receiving the intervention met with an International Board-Certified Lactation Consultant in hospital and 1–3 times post discharge. Both groups received the standard care for jaundice. The primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months. To the exception of research assistants enrolling participants and completing qualitative interviews, all research staff, investigators and statisticians were blinded to group assignment. Qualitative interviews elicited feedback on breastfeeding experiences for both groups. Results 99 participants were recruited, and 86 analyzed for primary outcome. There was no difference in exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months between groups (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.56–1.24, p = 0.40) or in the secondary outcomes. 31 participants were included in the qualitative analysis. Participants in the intervention group described an increase in comfort and confidence levels with breastfeeding. Participants in the control group reported limited lactation support. Conclusions Our hospital-based lactation support program did not result in a higher proportion of mothers exclusively breastfeeding at 3 months compared to current hospital standard care. Qualitative feedback from the intervention group suggests that mothers’ confidence was increased, which is linked to breastfeeding duration. The decision to breastfeed is multifactorial and hospital-based lactation support may be only a small piece of the puzzle in hospitalized jaundiced infants. Further studies may be needed to fully elucidate the impact of an in-hospital lactation support program on successful breastfeeding for these infants. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00966719 https://www.clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT00966719? term=Lactation+Support+and+Breastfeeding+Duration+in+Jaundiced+Infants%3A+a+Randomized+Controlled+Trial&rank=1
Accurate and efficient simulation of bandwidth dynamics for peer-to-peer overlay networks

When evaluating Peer-to-Peer content distribution systems by means of simulation, it is of vital importance to correctly mimic the bandwidth dynamics behaviour of the underlying network. In this paper, we propose a scalable and accurate flow-level network simulation model based on an evolution of the classical progressive filling algorithm which follows the max-min fairness idea. We build on top of the current state of the art by applying an optimization to reduce the cost of each bandwidth allocation/deallocation operation on a node-based directed network model. Unlike other works, our evaluation of the chosen approach focuses both on efficiency and on accuracy. Our experiments show that, in terms of scalability, our bandwidth allocation algorithm outperforms existing directed models when simulating large-scale structured overlay networks. In terms of accuracy we show that allocation dynamics of our proposed solution follow those of the NS-2 packet-level simulator by a small and nearly constant offset for the same scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an accuracy study has been conducted on an improvement of the classical progressive filling algorithm.
SEABIRD SUPERTREES: COMBINING PARTIAL ESTIMATES OF PROCELLARIIFORM PHYLOGENY

Abstract The growing use of comparative methods to address evolutionary questions has generated an increased need for robust hypotheses of evolutionary relationships for a wide range of organisms. Where a phylogeny exists for a group, often more than one phylogeny will exist for that group, and it is uncommon that the same taxa are in each of the existing trees. The types of data used to generate evolutionary trees can also vary greatly, and thus combining data sets is often difficult or impossible. To address comparative questions for groups where multiple phylogenetic hypotheses already exist, we need to combine different hypotheses in a way that provides the best estimate of the phylogeny for that group. Here, we combine seven seabird phylogenies (based on behavioral, DNA–DNA hybridization, isozyme, life history, morphological, and sequence data) to generate a comprehensive supertree for the Procellariiformes using matrix representation with parsimony. This phylogeny contains 122 taxa and represents a conservative estimate of combined relationships presented in the original seven source trees. We compared the supertree with results of a combined sequence data supermatrix for 103 seabird taxa. Results of the two approaches are broadly concordant, but matrix representation with parsimony provides a more comprehensive and more conservative estimate of the phylogeny of the group because it is less influenced by the largest of the source studies (which uses a single, relatively quickly evolving gene). Genetic data sets that can be combined in a supermatrix approach are currently less likely to be available than phylogenies that can be combined using some form of supertree approach. Although there are limitations to both of those approaches, both would be simpler if all phylogenetic studies made both their data sets and trees they generate available through databases such as TREEBASE.
R&D AS AN ENGINE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ROMANIA

Research and development (R&D) is largely acknowledged as a key factor to promoting economic growth nationally, as well as regionally. The topic of regional development has been receiving special attention in Romania for almost two decades, while regional innovation and competitiveness have only recently begun to attract interest. In this context we aim at exploring the role of R&D, alongside other main production factors, on regional development in Romania. We address this issue in the framework of a panel data model that allows capturing the unobserved regional heterogeneity. The results indicate a significant impact of R&D expenditures on the regional economic growth process in Romania over 1995-2010, thus providing empirical support to large beneficial effects of regional R&D efforts.
Cytoplasm image classification based on Kolmogorov complexity

Cell image similarity measurement is a fundamental and common issue in a broad range of problems, especially in small molecule screening. Existing cell image similarity measures are based on nucleus image segmentation result, which is the basis of subsequent feature extraction and classification. However, the need to set constraints on the segmentation algorithms, such as maximum/minimum cell size, means segmentation errors when nuclear or cell changes; even cells located in close proximity to each other would lead to segmentation errors. To overcome these limitations, a Cytoplasm Image Classification (CDC) method is proposed. It is based on Kolmogorov complexity, which promises to be optimal in theory, and hence easy-to-use in practice. Compared with traditional approaches, the CDC method analyzes cytoplasm images directly, requires no nucleus image segmentation and subsequent feature extraction to do classification, thus no human intervention step is needed. In classifying two cell image datasets, the CDC method shows comparable results to conventional analysis.
Remaking the Postwar World Economy: Robot and British Policy in the 1950s

Britain, Bretton Woods and the Crisis of the World Economy, 1945-51 Emergency Action and the Route to Floating Rate Convertibility Operation Robot: Restructuring the Domestic and the World Economy The Battle over Robot Robot Walks Again The Collective Approach to Free Trade and Currencies Anglo-American Negotiations and a New Bank Route to Convertibility From Suez to Operation Unicorn Conclusion: Bretton Woods and British Decline
A dynamic core based multicast routing protocol for ad hoc wireless networks

Ad hoc wireless networks are self-organizing dynamic topology networks formed by a collection of mobile nodes through radio links. Minimal configuration absence of infrastructure and quick deployment make them convenient for emergency situations other than military applications. Multicasting plays a very crucial role in the application of Ad hoc networks. As the number of participants increases scalability of the multicast protocol becomes an important issue. Among the existing multicast protocols On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) perfo exhibits a high packet delivery ratio even at high mobility. But ODMRP suffers from higher control overhead as the network size and the number of sources increase.In this paper we propose an efficient multicast routing protocol for Ad hoc wireless networks. This protocol reduces the control overhead by dynamically classifying the sources into Active and Passive categories. The control overhead is significantly reduced by about 30% compared to ODMRP which contributes to the scalability of the protocol. We study the effectiveness of the proposed multicast routing protocol by simulation studies and the results show that the multicast efficiency is increased by 10--15% and packet delivery ratio is also improved at high network load.
On the Pareto Boundary for the Two-User Single-Beam MIMO Interference Channel

We consider a two-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel (IC), where a single data stream is transmitted and each receiver applies the minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter. In this paper, we study an open topic on the Pareto boun dary of the rate region. The Pareto boundary is divided by two turning points into the weak Pareto boundary(including the horizontal part and vertical part) and the strict Pareto boundary(including the upper-right part and turning points). The weak Pareto boundary and turning points can be computed exactly. For the strict Pareto boundary, we propose a computationally efficient method called iterativ e alternating algorithm (IAA) for maximizing the rate of one user while the rate of the other user is fixed. To deal with the difficult coupling of the two transmit beamformers in this optimization problem, we convert it into two single-beamformer optimization problems. Then, by certain equivalent transformations, each problem becomes a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem, which can be optimally solved by the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique in combination with a matrix rank-one decomposition. Furthermore, convergence of the proposed IAA is guaranteed. Numerical simulations show that the IAA provides a better lower bound on the strict Pareto boundary compared with the existing methods.
Predicting disease genes using protein–protein interactions

Background: The responsible genes have not yet been identified for many genetically mapped disease loci. Physically interacting proteins tend to be involved in the same cellular process, and mutations in their genes may lead to similar disease phenotypes. Objective: To investigate whether protein–protein interactions can predict genes for genetically heterogeneous diseases. Methods: 72 940 protein–protein interactions between 10 894 human proteins were used to search 432 loci for candidate disease genes representing 383 genetically heterogeneous hereditary diseases. For each disease, the protein interaction partners of its known causative genes were compared with the disease associated loci lacking identified causative genes. Interaction partners located within such loci were considered candidate disease gene predictions. Prediction accuracy was tested using a benchmark set of known disease genes. Results: Almost 300 candidate disease gene predictions were made. Some of these have since been confirmed. On average, 10% or more are expected to be genuine disease genes, representing a 10-fold enrichment compared with positional information only. Examples of interesting candidates are AKAP6 for arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 3 and SYN3 for familial partial epilepsy with variable foci. Conclusions: Exploiting protein–protein interactions can greatly increase the likelihood of finding positional candidate disease genes. When applied on a large scale they can lead to novel candidate gene predictions.
Power of one non-clean qubit

Tomoyuki Morimae, ∗ Keisuke Fujii, 3, † and Harumichi Nishimura ‡ ASRLD Unit, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-0052, Japan Photon Science Center, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan (Dated: October 25, 2016)
High Spatial Resolution Simulation of Annual Wind Energy Yield Using Near-Surface Wind Speed Time Series

In this paper a methodology is presented that can be used to model the annual wind energy yield ( AEY mod ) on a high spatial resolution (50 m × 50 m) grid based on long-term (1979–2010) near-surface wind speed ( U S ) time series measured at 58 stations of the German Weather Service (DWD). The study area for which AEY mod is quantified is the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Comparability of the wind speed time series was ensured by gap filling, homogenization and detrending. The U S values were extrapolated to the height 100 m ( U 100m,emp ) above ground level (AGL) by the Hellman power law. All U 100m,emp time series were then converted to empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDF emp ). 67 theoretical cumulative distribution functions (CDF) were fitted to all CDF emp and their goodness of fit (GoF) was evaluated. It turned out that the five-parameter Wakeby distribution (WK5) is universally applicable in the study area. Prior to the least squares boosting (LSBoost)-based modeling of WK5 parameters, 92 predictor variables were obtained from: (i) a digital terrain model (DTM), (ii) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts re-analysis (ERA)-Interim reanalysis wind speed data available at the 850 hPa pressure level ( U 850hPa ), and (iii) the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Land Cover (CLC) data. On the basis of predictor importance ( PI) and the evaluation of model accuracy, the combination of predictor variables that provides the best discrimination between U 100m,emp and the modeled wind speed at 100 m AGL ( U 100m,mod ), was identified. Results from relative PI -evaluation demonstrate that the most important predictor variables are relative elevation (Φ) and topographic exposure (τ) in the main wind direction. Since all WK5 parameters are available, any manufacturer power curve can easily be applied to quantify AEY mod .
Central Bank Intervention and the Intraday Process of Price Formation in the Currency Markets

We propose a novel theory of the impact of sterilized spot interventions on the microstructure of currency markets that focuses on their liquidity. We analyze the effectiveness of intervention operations in a model of sequential trading in which i) a rational Central Bank faces a trade-off between policy motives and wealth maximization; ii) currency dealers' sole objective is to provide immediacy at a cost while maintaining a driftless expected foreign currency position; and iii) adverse selection, inventory, signaling, and portfolio balance considerations are absent by assumption. In this setting, and consistent with available empirical evidence, we find that i) the mere likelihood of a future intervention--even if expected, non-secret, and uninformative--is sufficient to generate endogenous effects on exchange rate levels, to increase exchange rate volatility, and to impact bid-ask spreads; and ii) these effects are exacerbated by the intensity of dealership competition, the extent of the Central Bank's policy trade-off, and the credibility of its threat of future actions.
Government Public Relations : A Reader

OVERVIEW OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS Public Relations in Public Administration, M. Lee Public Relations Management in Government and Business, J.E. Grunig What Do Federal Public Information Officers Do? US Office of Personnel Management The Campaign of the Committee on Public Information: Its Contributions to the History and Evolution of Public Relations, B. Pinkleton PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS: MEDIA RELATIONS The Media vs. the Bureaucracy, M. Lee The Effective Agency Spokesperson, M. Lee Media and the Bureaucracy in the United States, B. Kalantari Hacks, Flacks, and Spin Doctors Meet the Media: An Examination of the Congressional Press Secretary as a (Potential) Public Relations Professional, E.J. Downes PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS: PUBLIC REPORTING An Overview of Public Reporting, M. Lee Popular Reporting, J.A. Clay A History of Municipal Public Reporting: Examples of Robust Reporting in the 20th Century, M. Lee PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS: RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC Encouraging Community Dialogue: Approach, Promise, and Tensions, A. Helling and J.C. Thomas Engaging with Citizens and Other Stakeholders, S. Martin The Management of CitizenParticipation in Taiwan: A Case Study of Taipei City Government's CitizenComplaints System, D. Chen, T. Huang, and N. Hsaio Towards an Accountable and Quality Public Administration in Hong Kong: Redressing Administrative Grievances through the Ombudsman, C. Wing-Hung Lo and R.J. Wickins PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS: OUTREACH Marketing in Public Sector Organizations, T. Bovaird CRISIS MANAGEMENT AS GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS Public Relations as Crisis Management, M. Lee Public Information for Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, R. Radvanovsky THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS Public Information or Propaganda? Congressional Restrictions on Federal Public Relations, K.R. Kosar Freedom of Information: A Duty of Public Agencies, S.J. Piotrowski Freedom of Information Act: Processing Trends Show Importance of Improvement Plans, US Government Accountability Office The Environmental Context of Communications: Public Sector Organizations, J.P. Viteritti When Productivity and Communication Clash: Ethical Issues for Government Managers, J.L. Garnett and J.A. Sigler THE EXTENDED PUBLIC SECTOR: PUBLIC RELATIONS BY NONPROFIT AGENCIES Public Relations for Nonprofit Organizations, M. Lee FUTURE: TRENDS IN GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS Effects of Globalization on Media Coverage of Public Administration, M. Lee E-Reporting: Using Performance Results to Strengthen Democratic Accountability, M. Lee APPENDIX: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HISTORICAL SOURCES Agency Relations with the Press, D.W. Martin INDEX
The Andersen Aerobic Fitness Test: Reliability and Validity in 10-Year-Old Children

Background High aerobic fitness is consistently associated with a favorable metabolic risk profile in children. Direct measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is often not feasible, thus indirect tests such as the Andersen test are required in many settings. The present study seeks to determine the reliability and validity of the Andersen test in 10-year-old children. Methods A total of 118 10-year-old children (67 boys and 51 girls) were recruited from one school and performed four VO2peak tests over three weeks: three Andersen tests (indirect) and one continuous progressive treadmill test (direct). Of these, 104 children provided valid data on all Andersen tests and 103 children also provided valid data on the direct treadmill test. Reliability and validity were assessed using Bland Altman plots and linear regression analysis. Results Bias (mean change) and random error (limits of agreement) were 26.7±125.2 m for test 2 vs. test 1 (p<.001 for mean difference) and 3.9±88.8 m for test 3 vs. test 2 (p = .514 for mean difference). The equation to estimate VO2peak suggested by Andersen et al. (2008) showed a poor fit in the present sample; thus, we suggest a new equation: VO2peak = 23.262+0.050*Andersen distance –3.858*gender –0.376*body weight (R2 = 0.61, standard error of the estimate = 5.69, p<.001, boys = 0, girls = 1). Conclusions The Andersen test provided reliable and valid data on a group level. However, a substantial degree of individual variability was found for estimates of VO2peak. Researchers should be aware of the amount of noise in indirect tests that estimate aerobic fitness.
Gastric MALT lymphoma: old and new insights

The stomach is the most frequent site of extranodal lymphoma. Gastric lymphoma originating from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is typically a low-grade, B-cell neoplasia strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Only certain H. pylori strains in some predisposed patients determine lymphoma development in the stomach, according to a strain-host-organ specific process. The clinical presentation is poorly specific, symptoms ranging from vague dyspepsia to alarm symptoms. Similarly, different endoscopy patterns have been described for gastric lymphoma. H. pylori eradication is advised as first-line therapy in early stage disease, and complete lymphoma remission is achieved in 75% of cases. Neoplasia stage, depth of infiltration in the gastric wall, presence of the API2-MALT1 translocation, localization in the stomach, and patient ethnicity have been identified as predictors of remission. Recent data suggests that H. pylori eradication therapy may be successful for gastric lymphoma treatment also in a small subgroup (15%) of H. pylori-negative patients. The overall 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates are as high as 90% and 75%, respectively. Management of patients who failed to achieve lymphoma remission following H. pylori eradication include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and, in selected cases, surgery.