Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current shortening across the Himalayas of Nepal

SUMMARY Underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere beneath the Himalayas occurs during the Quaternary period along a gently north-dipping main basal detachment (main Himalayan thrust: MHT), from which the southernmost emergent ramp (main frontal thrust: MFT) branches. Historical seismicity shows that slip on the MHT is frequently accommodated through M > 8 shallow earthquakes, but shows a seismic gap in western Nepal. This absence of major historical earthquakes in western Nepal can be explained either by an aseismic slip on the MHT or a longlived elastic strain accumulation. To test these hypotheses, the present-day displacement field has been measured for a GPS network formed of 35 sites. The updated solution presented in this paper combines data from 1995, 1997, 1998 and 2000 measurements. The lack of deformation (less than 3 · 10 −8 yr −1 ) through the outer belt does not fit with a regional aseismic slip along the southern part of MHT. A less than 3 mm yr −1 aseismic slip could nonetheless affect restricted areas of the outer belt. In contrast, a strain accumulation of more than 30 · 10 −8 yr −1 is measured south of the Higher Himalayas, in a zone where an intense microseismicity reflects a stress build-up. It is presumably generated by locking of the aseismic creep that occurs along the MHT beneath the Higher Himalayas and Tibet. The displacement field is simulated by a dual-dislocation model that takes into account the pattern of microseismicity, and particularly a segmentation between central and western Nepal. The best fit between the measured and simulated displacement fields is obtained with 19 mm yr −1 thrust and 0‐1 mm yr −1 dextral strike-slip components along a 117 ◦ NE dislocation locked to a depth of 20‐21 km beneath western Nepal, and 19‐20 mm yr −1 thrust and 0‐2 mm yr −1 dextral strike-slip components along a 108 ◦ NE dislocation locked to a depth of 17‐21 km beneath central Nepal. The width of the locked zone between the main frontal thrust and the creeping zone is of the same order, but rather greater, in western Nepal than in central Nepal. Therefore it is expected that M > 8 earthquakes could occur in western Nepal.
Assessing the impact of upper limb disability following stroke: a qualitative enquiry using internet-based personal accounts of stroke survivors

Abstract Purpose: Upper limb disability following stroke may have multiple effects on the individual. Existing assessment instruments tend to focus on impairment and function and may miss other changes that are personally important. This study aimed to identify personally significant impacts of upper limb disability following stroke. Methods: Accounts by stroke survivors, in the form of web-based diaries (blogs) and stories, were sought using a blog search engine and in stroke-related web-sites. Thematic analysis using the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) was used to identify personal impacts of upper limb disability following stroke. Results: Ninety-nine sources from at least four countries were analysed. Many impacts were classifiable using the ICF, but a number of additional themes emerged, including emotional, cognitive and behavioural changes. Blogs and other web-based accounts were easily accessible and rich sources of data, although using them raised several methodological issues, including potential sample bias. Conclusions: A range of impacts was identified, some of which (such as use of information technology and alienation from the upper limb) are not addressed in current assessment instruments. They should be considered in post-stroke assessments. Blogs may help in the development of more comprehensive assessments. Implications for Rehabilitation A comprehensive assessment of the upper limb following stroke should include the impact of upper limb problems on social participation, as well as associated emotional, cognitive and behavioural changes. Using personalised assessment instruments alongside standardised measures may help ensure that these broader domains are considered in discussions between clinicians and patients. Rehabilitation researchers should investigate whether and how these domains could be addressed and operationalised in standard upper limb assessment instruments.
CATHODOLUMINESCENCE AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL DEFECTS ON OPTICAL TRANSITIONS IN GAN

Defect related states and excitonic transitions in epitaxial GaN have been studied by combining cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy. A series of deep levels with energies at about 2.4, 2.6 and 2.8 eV has been found by low temperature cathodoluminescence on free-standing 150 μm thick epitaxial GaN. These deep levels are characterised by a high recombination efficiency. They are radiative from 5 to 70 K and undergo a nonradiative transition at 70 K. These levels completely quench the near band edge and the conventional yellow emissions. We discuss the structural origin of these defects in terms of formation of VGa–SiGa and VGa–ON complexes. The consequences of our model with respect to non radiative transitions at threading dislocations are also presented. An excitonic transition at 3.41 eV close to the near band edge line on differently grown epitaxial GaN has been correlated to stacking faults. This line can be explained by a model based on the concept of excitons bound to SFs that form a quantum well of cubic material in the wurtzite lattice of the layer.
Retrieving video shots in semantic brain imaging space using manifold-ranking

In recent two decades, a large amount of effort has been devoted to content-based video retrieval (CBVR), which aims to manage large-scale video databases in an effective way based on visual features such as color, shape, texture, and motion. However, the performance of CBVR systems is still far from satisfaction due to the well-known semantic gap. In order to alleviate the problem, this paper proposes a novel retrieval methodology using semantic features derived from brain imaging space (BIS) that reflects brain responses and interactions under natural stimulus of video watching. A mapping from visual features to semantic features in BIS is built through Gaussian process regression. A manifold structure is then inferred where video key frames are represented by mapped feature vectors in BIS. Finally, the manifold-ranking algorithm concerning the relationship among all data is applied to measure the similarity between key frames. Preliminary experimental results on the TRECVID 2005 dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed work in comparison with traditional methods.
DARK MATTER HALOS IN THE STANDARD COSMOLOGICAL MODEL: RESULTS FROM THE BOLSHOI SIMULATION

Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) is now the standard theory of structure formation in the universe. We present the first results from the new Bolshoi dissipationless cosmological ΛCDM simulation that uses cosmological parameters favored by current observations. The Bolshoi simulation was run in a volume 250 h−1 Mpc on a side using ∼8 billion particles with mass and force resolution adequate to follow subhalos down to the completeness limit of Vcirc = 50 km s−1 maximum circular velocity. Using merger trees derived from analysis of 180 stored time steps we find the circular velocities of satellites before they fall into their host halos. Using excellent statistics of halos and subhalos (∼10 million at every moment and ∼50 million over the whole history) we present accurate approximations for statistics such as the halo mass function, the concentrations for distinct halos and subhalos, the abundance of halos as a function of their circular velocity, and the abundance and the spatial distribution of subhalos. We find that at high redshifts the concentration falls to a minimum value of about 4.0 and then rises for higher values of halo mass—a new result. We present approximations for the velocity and mass functions of distinct halos as a function of redshift. We find that while the Sheth–Tormen (ST) approximation for the mass function of halos found by spherical overdensity is quite accurate at low redshifts, the ST formula overpredicts the abundance of halos by nearly an order of magnitude by z = 10. We find that the number of subhalos scales with the circular velocity of the host halo as V1/2host, and that subhalos have nearly the same radial distribution as dark matter particles at radii 0.3–2 times the host halo virial radius. The subhalo velocity function N(> Vsub) scales as V−3circ. Combining the results of Bolshoi and Via Lactea-II simulations, we find that inside the virial radius of halos with the number of satellites is N(> Vsub) = (Vsub/58 km s−1)−3 for satellite circular velocities in the range 4 km s−1 < Vsub < 150 km s−1.
Multicast tree construction and flooding in wireless ad hoc networks

In an ad hoc network, each host assumes the role of a router and relays packets toward final destinations. This paper studies efficient routing mechanisms for multicast and broadcast in ad hoc wireless networks. Because a packet is broadcast to all neighboring nodes, the optimality criteria of wireless network routing is different from that of wired network routing. In this paper, we point out that the number of packet forwarding is the more important cost factor than the number of links in the ad hoc network. After we show constructing minimum cost multicast tree is hard, we propose two new flooding methods, self pruning and dominant pruning. Both methods utilize neighbor information to reduce redundant transmissions. Performance analysis shows that both methods perform significantly better than blind flooding. Especially, dominant pruning performs close to the practically achievable best performance limit.
Update on the direct detection of supersymmetric dark matter

We compare updated predictions for the elastic scattering of supersymmetric neutralino dark matter with the improved experimental upper limit recently published by Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) II. We take into account the possibility that the {pi}-nucleon {sigma} term may be somewhat larger than was previously considered plausible, as may be supported by the masses of exotic baryons reported recently. We also incorporate the new central value of m{sub t}, which affects indirectly constraints on the supersymmetric parameter space, for example, via calculations of the relic density. Even if a large value of {sigma} is assumed, the CDMS II data currently exclude only small parts of the parameter space in the constrained minimal standard model (CMSSM) with universal soft supersymmetry-breaking Higgs, squark, and slepton masses. None of the previously proposed CMSSM benchmark scenarios is excluded for any value of {sigma}, and the CDMS II data do not impinge on the domains of the CMSSM parameter space favored at the 90% confidence level in a recent likelihood analysis. However, some models with nonuniversal Higgs, squark, and slepton masses and neutralino masses < or approx. 700 GeV are excluded by the CDMS II data.
Multicast beamforming with antenna selection using exact penalty approach

In this paper, multi-group multicast beamforming is considered with antenna selection. Nonconvex joint problem is converted to an equivalent biconvex problem by using exact penalty approach. The equivalent problem is solved iteratively using alternating maximization where a convex problem is solved at each step. Antenna selection reduces the total transmitted power significantly compared to the scenario with fixed antennas. Proposed method is computationally efficient and presents significant improvements in total transmitted power.
La regularidad innovadora en empresas españolas

Dentro del marco de la teoria evolucionista del cambio tecnologico, la evidencia empirica de los ultimos anos ha destacado la existencia de multiples formas de articular la innovacion tecnologica por parte de las empresas. En trabajos anteriores hemos identificado la existencia de diversos patrones de innovacion en cuya configuracion juegan un papel destacado tanto variables expresivas de la estructura de las empresas como los que se refieren a la actividad tecnologica. En una investigacion reciente llevada a cabo para la evaluacion de la politica tecnologica del Centro Para el Desarrollo Industrial y Tecnologico, hemos encuestado a una amplia muestra de empresas, lo que ha permitido constata, una vez mas la existencia de diferentes modos de conducta entre ellas. A partir de la informacion de las encuestas, el objetivo de este articulo es analizar los factores que determinan la conducta innovadora de empresas que desarrollan proyectos de I+D de una forma regular, frente a otras cuya actividad tecnologica es esporadica. En la segunda parte se hace una descripcion de los aspectos mas importantes de la actividad tecnologica de las empresas y en la tercera seccion se estiman diversos modelos Logit para especificar los factores que determinen las diferencias de las empresas que hacen I+D de una manera mas o menos regular
Secular Trends of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Changes in Its Risk Factors

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the secular trends of incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and insulin treatment for GDM in a Korean population and to determine the factors that contribute to the trends in the incidence of GDM. Study Design We used data collected by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea and analyzed data from women who had given birth from 2006 to 2010. We evaluated the trends in the incidence of GDM and GDM requiring insulin treatment and the changes in risk factors. Results There were 1,824,913 births during the study period, which included 129,666 cases of GDM, an incidence of 7.11% over this period. The incidence of GDM increased from 3.86% in 2007 to 11.83% in 2010, with a continuous increase after adjustment for age. However, the number of GDM cases that required insulin treatment decreased significantly from 13.87% in 2007 to 5.94% in 2010. The proportion of patients who were at an older age and multiparity, 2 GDM risk factors, increased during the study period. Conclusions In Korea, the incidence of GDM, especially mild GDM, increased dramatically during the period from 2006 to 2010. Further efforts are needed to monitor this trend and to identify associated factors.
WORKING PAPER SERIES MONETARY POLICY AND THE UNCOVERED INTEREST PARITY PUZZLE

High interest rate currencies tend to appreciate. This is the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) puzzle. It is primarily a statement about short-term interest rates and how they are related to exchange rates. Short-term interest rates are strongly affected by monetary policy. The UIP puzzle, therefore, can be restated in terms of monetary policy. Do foreign and domestic monetary policies imply exchange rates that violate UIP? We represent monetary policy as foreign and domestic Taylor rules. Foreign and domestic pricing kernels determine the relationship between these Taylor rules and exchange rates. We examine different specifications for the Taylor rule and ask which can resolve the UIP puzzle. We find evidence in favor of a particular asymmetry. If the foreign Taylor rule responds to exchange rate variation but the domestic Taylor rule does not, the model performs better. A calibrated version of our model is consistent with many empirical observations on real and nominal exchange rates, including Fama's negative correlation between interest rate differentials and currency depreciation rates. David K. Backus Stern School of Business NYU 44 West 4th Street New York, NY 10012-1126 and NBER dbackus@stern.nyu.edu Federico Gavazzoni Tepper School of Business Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 federicogavazzoni@cmu.edu Christopher Telmer Tepper School of Business Frew and Tech Streets Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 chris.telmer@cmu.edu Stanley E. Zin Department of Economics Leonard N. Stern School of Business New York University 44 West 4th Street, Suite 7-91 New York, NY 10012-1126 and NBER stan.zin@nyu.edu
Some biochemical constituents in follicular fluid of indigenous cows of Assam.

Aim: Estimation of some biochemical constituents in follicular fluid of non-descript cows of Assam. Materials and Methods: Twenty five pairs of ovaries were collected from local slaughter house and the follicular fluid was aspirated from small (2-4 mm), medium (4-6 mm) and large (6-9 mm) follicles. Aspirated fluid samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min in a refrigerated centrifuge to remove granulosa cells and other cell debris. Supernatant was used for estimation of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Data generated in the study were analyzed statiscally by SPSS (version 16.0). SPSS South Asia Pvt. Limited, Kacharakanahalli, Bangalore, 560043). Results: A non significant difference was recorded in case of total protein and cholesterol of follicular fluid of small, medium and large sized follicles of cow. However, the glucose level significantly (p<0.01) increased with the increase of follicular size where as the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase significantly (p<0.01) decreased with increase of size. Conclusion: Certain biochemical constituents and enzyme activities of follicular fluid changes with the growth of follicles in non-descript cows of Assam. The glucose concentration increased with the growth of the follicles while acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels had an inverse relation with the size of the ovarian follicles.
Integration and evaluation of an HMM-based Text-To-Speech System to five

This work presents an integration process and a quality evaluation of HMM-based Text-To-Speech System to FIVE (Framework for an Integrated Voice Environment). Speech synthesis approaches were studied, commercial synthesizers were tested and a standard of extensibility were developed for the FIVE. The integration process was successful and the quality evaluation was conducted based on three approaches: on MBROLA diphones, on HMM-based Text-To-Speech approach, and on Loquendo's products. The acquired results were considered relevant for HMM voices analysis and for FIVE quality increment.
Rapid variability in the synchrotron self Compton model for blazars

ABSTRA C T Blazars are characterized by large amplitude and rapid variability, indicating that the electron distribution is changing rapidly, often on time-scales shorter than the light-crossing time. The emitting region is sufficiently compact to let radiative losses dominate the cooling of highenergy electrons. We study the time-dependent behaviour of the electron distribution after episodic electron injection phases, and calculate the observed synchrotron and self-Compton radiation spectra. Since photons produced in different parts of the source have different travel times, the observed spectrum is produced by the electron distribution at different stages of evolution. Even a homogeneous source then resembles an inhomogeneous one. Time delays between the light curves of fluxes at different frequencies are possible, as illustrated for the specific case of the BL Lac object Mrk 421.
Block-o-Matic: A web page segmentation framework

In this paper we describe Block-o-Matic, a web page segmentation framework. It is a hybrid approach inspired by automated document processing methods and visual-based content segmentation techniques. A web page is associated with three structures: the DOM tree, the content structure and the logical structure. The DOM tree represents the HTML elements of a page, the content structure organizes page objects according to content's categories and geometry and finally the logical structure is the result of mapping content structure on the basis of the human-perceptible meaning that conforms the blocks. The logic structure represents the final segmentation. The segmentation process is divided into three phases: analysis, understanding and reconstruction of a web page. An evaluation is proposed in order to perform the evaluation of web page segmentations based on a ground truth of 400 pages classified into 16 categories. Block-o-Matic gives promising results.
ON THE PROPERTY "SEP" OF PARTIAL ORDERINGS

Pyrimidyl-sulfonyl isoureas of the formula in which Ra is the difluoromethoxy group, Rb is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C5-alkyl, C1 l-C5-haloalkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, C1-C5-haloalkoxy, C1-C5-alkylthio, C2-C10-alkoxyalkyl or C2-C10-alkoxyalkoxy or is an amino group wherein Rc is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and Rd is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or methoxy, A is a radical of the formula Y is oxygen, sulfur or R1 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, -COR7, -S(O)m-C1-C5-alkyl, -SO2R10, XR11 or -OSO2C1-C5-alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C1-C5-haloalkoxy or -COR7, R3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, methoxy or trifluoromethyl, R4 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C1-C5-alkyl, methoxy, -COR7 or -SO2NR8R9, R5 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, -S(O)mC1-C5-alkyl, -COR7 or -SO2NR8R9, R6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or methoxy, R7 is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-haloalkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, C1-C5-haloalkoxy, C2 l-C10-alkoxyalkoxy, C3-C5-alkenyloxy, C3-C5-alkynyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, C1-C5-alkylthio or -NR8R9, R8 is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, cyanoalkyl having a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, methoxy, ethoxy or C3-C5-alkenyl, R9 is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl or C3-C5-alkenyl, or R8 and R9 together with the nitrogen atom binding them form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated heterocycle which can contain an oxygen or sulfur atom as ring member, R10 is C1-C5-haloalkoxy or -NR8R9, R11 is C1-C5-alkyl which is substituted by halogen, C1-C5-alkoxy, -S(O)mC1-C5-alkyl, -S(O)mC1-C5-haloalkyl or C2 l-C5-alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C1-C5-alkoxy, Rx is C1-C5-alkyl, X is oxygen or -X(O)m- and m is zero, one or two are intermediates for the preparation of pyrimidyl-sulfonyl ureas having useful herbicidyl and growth regulating properties.
I/O Stack Optimization for Smartphones

The Android I/O stack consists of elaborate and mature components (SQLite, the EXT4 filesystem, interrupt-driven I/O, and NAND-based storage) whose integrated behavior is not well-orchestrated, which leaves a substantial room for an improvement. We overhauled the block I/O behavior of five filesystems (EXT4, XFS, BTRFS, NILFS, and F2FS) under each of the five different journaling modes of SQLite. We found that the most significant inefficiency originates from the fact that filesystem journals the database journaling activity; we refer to this as the JOJ (Journaling of Journal) anomaly. The JOJ overhead compounds in EXT4 when the bulky EXT4 journaling activity is triggered by an fsync() call from SQLite. We propose (i) the elimination of unnecessary metadata journaling for the filesystem, (ii) external journaling and (iii) polling-based I/O to improve the I/O performance, primarily to improve the efficiency of filesystem journaling in the SQLite environment. We examined the performance trade-offs for each combination of the five database journaling modes, five filesystems and three optimization techniques. When we applied three optimization techniques in existing Android I/O stack, the SQLite performance (inserts/sec) improved by 130%. With the F2FS filesystem, WAL journaling mode (SQLite), and the combination of our optimization efforts, we improved the SQLite performance (inserts/sec) by 300%, from 39 ins/sec to 157 ins/sec, compared to the stock Android I/O stack.