Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Steps towards a General Purpose French/English Statistical Machine Translation System

This paper describes an initial version of a general purpose French/English statistical machine translation system. The main features of this system are the open-source Moses decoder, the integration of a bilingual dictionary and a continuous space target language model. We analyze the performance of this system on the test data of the WMT'08 evaluation.
Understanding the interaction between henipaviruses and their natural host, fruit bats: Paving the way toward control of highly lethal infection in humans

ABSTRACT Hendra virus and Nipah virus (NiV) are highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxoviruses, from henipavirus genus, that have emerged in late 1990s in Australia and South-East Asia, respectively. Since their initial identification, numerous outbreaks have been reported, affecting both domestic animals and humans, and multiple rounds of person-to-person NiV transmission were observed. Widely distributed fruit bats from Pteropodidae family were found to be henipavirus natural reservoir. Numerous studies have reported henipavirus seropositivity in pteropid bats, including bats in Africa, thus expanding notably the geographic distribution of these viruses. Interestingly, henipavirus infection in bats seems to be asymptomatic, in contrast to severe disease induced in numerous other mammals. Unique among the mammals by their ability to fly, these intriguing animals are natural reservoir for many other emerging and remerging viruses highly pathogenic for humans. This feature, combined with absence of clinical symptoms, has attracted the interest of scientific community to virus-bat interactions. Therefore, several bat genomes were sequenced and particularities of the bat immune system have been intensively analyzed during the last decade to understand their coexistence with viruses in the absence of disease. The peculiarities in inflammasome activation, a constitutive expression of interferon alpha, and some differences in adaptive immunity have been recently reported in fruit bats. Studies on virus-bat interactions have thus emerged as an exciting novel area of research that should shed new light on the mechanisms that regulate viral infection and may allow development of novel therapeutic approaches to control this highly lethal emerging infectious disease in humans.
A Survey of Cryptographic and Non-cryptographic Techniques for Privacy Preservation

Cryptography is to become familiar with the requirement of large, complex, information rich data sets for it’s privacy preservation. The privacy preserving data mining has been generated; to go through the concept of privacy in data mining is hard. Several algorithms and approaches are being generated theoretically, but practically it is hard. Privacy in data mining can be achieved through several techniques such as Perturbation, Anonymization and Cryptographic. Here in this paper tries to reiterate several Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) techniques presently developed to cope up with the privacy issues in the process of data mining. In this paper there is a survey of various cryptographic & noncryptographic techniques too.
A Single DC Source Multilevel Inverter for Stand-Alone Applications

In this work a reduced component count single sourced based multilevel inverter (SSMLI) is proposed. The inverter is essentially designed for the modular version which means it can be utilized for any number of levels to achieve the desired power quality. There are two types of modulation and control strategies are used for the feasibility study of the proposed inverter. At first, multi-carrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) strategy is realized to visualize the high frequency control. After that low frequency based SHE control through artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm is proposed. The power quality i.e. total harmonic distortion (THD) is compared for both the control techniques to understand the improvement of power quality for the designed inverter. For the simulation and descriptive analysis the 9 level inverter is selected and realized. The proposed inverter will be suitable for renewable power generation especially for stand-alone solar PV applications.
In defence of model‐based inference in phylogeography

Recent papers have promoted the view that model‐based methods in general, and those based on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in particular, are flawed in a number of ways, and are therefore inappropriate for the analysis of phylogeographic data. These papers further argue that Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis (NCPA) offers the best approach in statistical phylogeography. In order to remove the confusion and misconceptions introduced by these papers, we justify and explain the reasoning behind model‐based inference. We argue that ABC is a statistically valid approach, alongside other computational statistical techniques that have been successfully used to infer parameters and compare models in population genetics. We also examine the NCPA method and highlight numerous deficiencies, either when used with single or multiple loci. We further show that the ages of clades are carelessly used to infer ages of demographic events, that these ages are estimated under a simple model of panmixia and population stationarity but are then used under different and unspecified models to test hypotheses, a usage the invalidates these testing procedures. We conclude by encouraging researchers to study and use model‐based inference in population genetics.
Absence of ZAP-70 prevents signaling through the antigen receptor on peripheral blood T cells but not on thymocytes

Recently, a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome with a deficiency of CD8+ peripheral T cells and a TCR signal transduction defect in peripheral CD4+ T cells was associated with mutations in ZAP-70. Since TCR signaling is required in developmental decisions resulting in mature CD4 (and CD8) T cells, the presence of peripheral CD4+ T cells expressing TCRs incapable of signaling in these patients is paradoxical. Here, we show that the TCRs on thymocytes, but not peripheral T cells, from a ZAP-70-deficient patient are capable of signaling. Moreover, the TCR on a thymocyte line derived from this patient can signal, and the homologous kinase Syk is present at high levels and is tyrosine phosphorylated after TCR stimulation. Thus, Syk may compensate for the loss of ZAP-70 and account for the thymic selection of at least a subset of T cells (CD4+) in ZAP-70-deficient patients.
GW8510 Increases Insulin Expression in Pancreatic Alpha Cells through Activation of p53 Transcriptional Activity

Background Expression of insulin in terminally differentiated non-beta cell types in the pancreas could be important to treating type-1 diabetes. Previous findings led us to hypothesize involvement of kinase inhibition in induction of insulin expression in pancreatic alpha cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Alpha (αTC1.6) cells and human islets were treated with GW8510 and other small-molecule inhibitors for up to 5 days. Alpha cells were assessed for gene- and protein-expression levels, cell-cycle status, promoter occupancy status by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and p53-dependent transcriptional activity. GW8510, a putative CDK2 inhibitor, up-regulated insulin expression in mouse alpha cells and enhanced insulin secretion in dissociated human islets. Gene-expression profiling and gene-set enrichment analysis of GW8510-treated alpha cells suggested up-regulation of the p53 pathway. Accordingly, the compound increased p53 transcriptional activity and expression levels of p53 transcriptional targets. A predicted p53 response element in the promoter region of the mouse Ins2 gene was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Further, inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase activities suppressed insulin induction by GW8510. Conclusions/Significance The induction of Ins2 by GW8510 occurred through p53 in a JNK- and p38-dependent manner. These results implicate p53 activity in modulation of Ins2 expression levels in pancreatic alpha cells, and point to a potential approach toward using small molecules to generate insulin in an alternative cell type.
Adaptive Synchronization of Memristor-Based Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays

In this paper, adaptive synchronization of memristor-based neural networks (MNNs) with time-varying delays is investigated. The dynamical analysis here employs results from the theory of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides as introduced by Filippov. Sufficient conditions for the global synchronization of MNNs are established with a general adaptive controller. The update gain of the controller can be adjusted to control the synchronization speed. The obtained results complement and improve the previously known results. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Analysis of intelligence quotient in patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia.

OBJECTIVE To compare the intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with thalassemia major (TM) to that of normal children. METHODS We conducted the study in April and May 2002 on 294 homozygote beta-thalassemia patients, (157 male and 137 female, mean age of 13.2 years; range, 9-18 years). These 294 patients were randomly selected from the 984 TM patients who routinely refer to Shiraz Cooley's Medical Center in Dastgheyb Hospital, Iran for blood transfusion. Another 294 subjects age and gender matched control group were studied. Intelligence quotients were computed using the Ravin test. RESULTS The mean IQ score +/- standard deviation (SD) in the thalassemia group was 109.83 +/- 15.94. This score revealed no statistically significant difference with the control group's score (p<=0.079). A correlation existed between the thalassemia patients' IQ and their level of education (p<0.049). CONCLUSION The IQ of TM patients does not differ significantly from the normal population.
Perception of innovation in companies - measuring the mindset of tangible and intangible innovation in companies

When talking about innovation many people think of product or process innovation, both of which are tangible types of innovation. In recent years, more focus has been directed towards intangible innovation such as business model, networking and brand innovation. This category has shown to have great impact on a firm's long-term value creation. Still, most measurements on company innovativeness have been focused on different types of tangible innovation. Furthermore, existing models do not, to our knowledge, seize the company's innovativeness importance and performance within the category of intangible innovation and only briefly within tangible innovation. Most companies use a predefined definition when designing innovation metrics instead of deriving from the company's own innovation perspective and thus conclude the company's innovativeness and recognizing the potential of innovation within the company. We have created an innovation measurement tool for firms to evaluate their company. This study has resulted in a measurement model, the Perception of Innovation in Companies model (PIC), which measures homogeneity between tangible and intangible innovation as well as differences in perceived innovativeness importance and actual performance for the company's overall success. The model uses an emic approach and has been tested on four companies in southern Sweden. The strength with our model is that it captures the respondent's perception of how important innovation is for the company's overall success at the same time as it captures how well the company is performing within different types of innovation. Thus the PIC-model can aid decision makers and management.
Three-dimensional microarchitected materials and devices using nanoparticle assembly by pointwise spatial printing

Nanoparticles can be assembled in space using additive printing to create complex hierarchical 3D microarchitected and nanoarchitected materials. Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical materials are important to a wide range of emerging technological applications. We report a method to synthesize complex 3D microengineered materials, such as microlattices, with nearly fully dense truss elements with a minimum diameter of approximately 20 μm and having high aspect ratios (up to 20:1) without using any templating or supporting materials. By varying the postprocessing conditions, we have also introduced an additional control over the internal porosity of the truss elements to demonstrate a hierarchical porous structure with an overall void size and feature size control of over five orders of magnitudes in length scale. The method uses direct printing of nanoparticle dispersions using the Aerosol Jet technology in 3D space without templating or supporting materials followed by binder removal and sintering. In addition to 3D microlattices, we have also demonstrated directly printed stretchable interconnects, spirals, and pillars. This assembly method could be implemented by a variety of microdroplet generation methods for fast and large-scale fabrication of the hierarchical materials for applications in tissue engineering, ultralight or multifunctional materials, microfluidics, and micro-optoelectronics.
The Influence of the Flipped Learning Model on Creative Thinking Ability in the Revolution 4.0 era

Many applications of flipped learning have a huge impact on students' creative thinking ability in learning. However, no deep conclusions have been found and are still subjective. This study aims to determine the influence of flipped learning to improve students' creative thinking skills in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The research data came from google scholar, Researchgaet, ScienceDirect and ERIC. The inclusion criteria in this study are research from SINTA and Scopus indexed journals; Research must be experimental or quasi-experimental; Research related to flipped learning models on students' creative thinking skills; Research published in 2020-2024; The study must have complete data to calculate the value of effect size; sample size (N) > 25 students. The results of the analysis of 15 journals concluded that there was a significant influence on students' creative thinking ability with a high mean effect size (ES = 1.12) criterion. These findings explain the application of flipped learning effectively helps teachers and students in improving creative thinking skills in the learning process.
Ultrasound evaluation of intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia in hallux valgus

AbstractA cross-sectional area (CSA) and thickness reduction of the abductor hallucis (AbH) is shown in subjects with hallux valgus (HV). To date, other soft-tissue structures have not been researched in relation with HV. The aim of this study was to compare the CSA and thickness of the intrinsic plantar muscles and fascia (PF) between feet with and without HV. Therefore, a cross-sectional and case-control study was performed using B-mode with an iU22 Philips ultrasound system and a 5 to 17-MHz transducer. The CSA and thickness were measured for the AbH, flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and also the thickness for the anterior, middle, and posterior PF portions. A convenience sample of 40 feet, 20 with HV and 20 without HV, was recruited from a clinical and research center. A multivariate regression analysis using linear regression was performed to evaluate the ultrasound imaging measurements (&agr; = 0.05). Consequently, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P < 0.05) for the AbH and FHB thickness, and CSA reduction, and also the plantar fascia thickness increase in favor of the HV group. On the contrary, the FDB thickness and CSA did not show statistically significant differences (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, the CSA and thickness of the AbH and FHB intrinsic plantar muscles are reduced, whereas the thickness of the anterior, middle, and posterior PF portions are increased, in subjects with HV compared with those without HV.
A Magnetohydrodynamic Nonradiative Accretion Flow in Three Dimensions

We present a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional simulation of a nonradiative accretion flow originating in a pressure-supported torus. The evolution is controlled by the magnetorotational instability, which produces turbulence. The flow forms a nearly Keplerian disk. The total pressure scale height in this disk is comparable to the vertical size of the initial torus. Gas pressure dominates near the equator; magnetic pressure is more important in the surrounding atmosphere. A magnetically dominated bound outflow is driven from the disk. The accretion rate through the disk exceeds the final rate into the hole, and a hot torus forms inside 10rg. Hot gas, pushed up against the centrifugal barrier and confined by magnetic pressure, is ejected in a narrow, unbound, conical outflow. The dynamics are controlled by magnetic turbulence, not thermal convection, and a hydrodynamic α-model is inadequate to describe the flow. The limitations of two-dimensional MHD simulations are also discussed.
Symbolic Fault Injection

Computer systems that are dependable in the presence of faults are increasingly in demand. Among available fault tolerance mechanisms, software-implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT) is constantly gaining in popularity, because of its cost efficiency and flexibility. Fault tolerance mechanisms are often validated using fault injection, comprising a variety of techniques for introducing faults into a system. Traditional fault injection techniques, however, suffer from a number of drawbacks, notably lack of coverage (impossibility to exhaust all test cases) and the failure to activate enough injected faults. In this paper we present a new approach called symbolic fault injection which is targeted at validation of SIHFT mechanisms and is based on the concept of symbolic execution of programs. It can be seen as the extension of a formal technique for formal program verification that makes it possible to evaluate the consequences of all possible faults (of a certain kind) in given memory locations for all possible system inputs. This makes it possible to formally prove properties of fault tolerance mechanisms. The new method for symbolic fault injection has been prototypically implemented on the basis of an industrial-strength formal verification system and we demonstrate its viability by proving that a CRC implementation detects all possible single bit-flips.
Carbon Stock as Related to Fallow Age in the Sudano-Guinea Savannahs of Ngaoundere, Adamawa, Cameroon

Aim/Objectives: In order to assess the fallow contribution on the carbon cycle and soil organic matter restoration, a study of the carbon dynamics was undertaken in fallow systems of 1, 2, 5 and 20 years old in the Ngaoundere savannahs of Cameroon. Methodology: Carbon stock was estimated in 100 m2 plot for shrubs, in 1 m2 plot for understorey, litter and earthworm casts, and 0.0625m2 plot for fine roots and soil. The experimental design was randomised complete block with three replicates. The age of fallows was the mean treatment whereas the plots were the replicates. Results: The results showed that the phytomass increased with fallow age, except that of shrubs. Soils and earthworm casts were the mean carbon sinks in the four fallows, with more than 55.61% and 26.24% of the total carbon stock respectively in the soil and earthworm casts. The total carbon stock increased with fallow age, from 34.54 in the young fallows to 154.52 tC.ha-1 in the old fallows. In the same way, vegetation and soil carbon increased with fallow age except that of shrub. The results showed that the carbon stock was influenced by floristic composition and spatial distribution of the vegetation, which related to fallow age. Conclusion: These preliminary results will contribute to the understanding of the impact of fallow age on the global carbon cycle and awareness in the conservation of fallows for the environment protection.
Information raining and optimal link-layer design for mobile hotspots

In this paper, we propose a link layer design for mobile hotspots. We design a novel system architecture that enables high-speed Internet access in railway systems. The proposed design uses a number of repeaters placed along the track and multiple antennas installed on the roof of a vehicle. Each packet is decomposed into smaller fragments and relayed to the vehicle via adjacent repeaters. We also use erasure coding to add parity fragments to original data. This approach is called information raining since fragments are rained upon the vehicle from adjacent repeaters. We investigate two instances of information raining. In blind information raining, all repeaters awaken when they sense the presence of the vehicle. The fragments are then blindly transmitted via awakened repeaters. A vehicle station installed inside the train is responsible for aggregating a large enough number of fragments. In the throughput-optimized information raining, the vehicle station selects a bipartite matching between repeaters and roof-top antennas and activates only a subset of the repeaters. It also dictates the amount of transmission power of each activated repeater. Both the bipartite matching and power allocations are individually shown to be NP-complete. Matching heuristics based on the Hungarian algorithm and Gale-Shapley algorithm are proposed. A simplex-type algorithm is proposed as the power allocation heuristics.
When the implication is not to design (technology)

As HCI is applied in increasingly diverse contexts, it is important to consider situations in which computational or information technologies may be less appropriate. This paper presents a series of questions that can help researchers, designers, and practitioners articulate a technology's appropriateness or inappropriateness. Use of these questions is demonstrated via examples from the literature. The paper concludes with specific arguments for improving the conduct of HCI. This paper provides a means for understanding and articulating the limits of HCI technologies, an important but heretofore under-explored contribution to the field.
Complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, risk factors, and presentation.

BACKGROUND Complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) present a challenge to healthcare providers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing cause of these infections, particularly in certain countries. Surgeons and other healthcare providers need to understand cSSTIs and manage them effectively. METHODS Review of the literature related to the pathogens associated with cSSTIs. RESULTS In the United States, MRSA is a major cause of cSSTIs, and toxin-producing community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains are increasing in prevalence. These strains are distinct from hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). Infection with novel CA-MRSA in previously healthy individuals has emerged as an important public health problem. The virulence of these pathogens and their increasing prevalence in cSSTIs indicate that patients may be at higher risk for complications. CONCLUSIONS There is a growing prevalence of MRSA, particularly in cSSTIs observed in both the community and the hospital setting. Early appropriate recognition and treatment of cSSTIs may improve patient outcomes.