Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[3H]vesamicol binding in brain: Autoradiographic distribution, pharmacology, and effects of cholinergic lesions

An autoradiographic analysis of high‐affinity binding sites for the vesicular acetylcholine transport blocker [3H]vesamicol (2‐(4‐phenylpiperidino) cyclohexanol; AH 5183) was conducted in rat brain. [3H]Vesamicol binding was displaced 52–99% by DPPN ([2,3,4,8]‐decahydro‐3‐(4‐phenyl‐1‐piperidinyl)‐2‐napthalenol) (IC50=14nM) and by ketanserin (500 nM), haloperidol (43 nM), and vesamicol analogs, but not by drugs selective for adenosine, adrenergic, amino acid, calcium channel, monoaminergic, opioid, PCP, sigma, or several other receptor classes. [3H]Vesamicol binding was most concentrated in the interpeduncular nucleus and fifth and seventh cranial nerve nuclei. Moderate binding was found in the lateral caudate‐putamen, medial nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, vertical and horizontal diagonal bands of Broca, and basolateral amygdala. The distribution of [3H]vesamicol binding was similar to distributions of acetylcholine (r = 0.88), acetylcholine esterase (r = 0.97), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (r = 0.97), and [3H]hemicholinium‐3 binding sites (r = 0.95−0.99). Lower correlations were obtained between [3H]vesamicol and muscarinic receptor densities (r = 0.50−0.70). Few exceptions to the match between binding and cholinergic neuronal markers were found, e.g., the molecular layer of the cerebellum and the thalamus. Lesions of cholinergic neuronal projections to the neocortex or hippocampus reduced [3H]vesamicol binding in each of these regions, but to a lesser extent than reductions in ChAT. [3H]Vesamicol binding sites appear to be anatomically associated with brain cholinergic neurons, a locus that is consistent with the control by this site of vesicular acetycholine uptake.
Leaders' Characteristics in Same-Sex Sport Groups: A Study of Interscholastic Baseball and Softball Teams

High school coaches rated 11 boys' varsity baseball teams (n = 135) and 10 girls' varsity Softball teams (n = 129) on 6-point scales adapted from Bronfenbrenner's Teacher Rating Scales and Tutko and Richard's Athletic Motivation Inventory. The best discriminators between leaders and nonleaders as defined by coaches' ratings were aspiration level, competitiveness, emotional expressiveness, daring, responsibility, acceptance, and dominance.
Blat and Guanxi: Informal Practices in Russia and China

This paper compares informal practices used to obtain goods and services in short supply and to circumvent formal procedures in Russia and China, and assesses their changes and continuities during the market reforms. I divide my presentation into four parts. The first tackles similarities between blat and guanxi under socialism: language games and idioms that referred to these practices; similar pressures of the shortage economy that forced individuals to satisfy their needs through informal exchanges; and the contradictory role of informal practices—they supported but also subverted the socialist systems. In the second part I shift my focus to the differences between blat and guanxi that stem from different cultural traditions in the two societies. These traditions determine the moral force of reciprocity, the degree of codification of informal practices, and their legitimacy. The third part illustrates differences in market reforms in China and in Russia. Finally, I compare blat and guanxi practices as responses to these reforms and discuss both intriguing similarities and significant differences in the new forms of guanxi and blat. Thus, the post-Soviet reforms have changed informal practices so much that blat has almost lost its relevance as a term that describes the corrupt use of personal networks in contemporary Russia. In contemporary Chinese society, by contrast, guanxi has deeper roots in kinship structures and traditions, and both the term and guanxi practices continue to be important.1 The partial nature of reforms in China and the persistence of communist rule may account for some of this difference, but we must also consider a range of historical and cultural factors that shape and help reproduce informal practices.
From manager's emotional intelligence to objective store performance: Through store cohesiveness and sales-directed employee behavior

The relationships among manager's emotional intelligence, store cohesiveness, sales-directed employee behavior, and objective store performance were investigated. Non-managerial sales employees of a large retail electronics chain in South Korea (N = 1611) rated the emotional intelligence of their own store managers as well as the group cohesiveness within their stores. Store managers (N = 253) separately rated the sales-directed behavior of their employees. Objective sales data were collected one month later for each store. No direct relationship between manager emotional intelligence and objective store performance was found. Instead, the results supported the hypothesized four-variable, three-path mediation model: store manager's emotional intelligence was related to store cohesiveness, which in turn was related to the sales-directed behavior of the frontline employees, which ultimately predicted the objective performance of the stores. Manager emotional intelligence and store cohesiveness are seen as intangible organizing resources or socio-psychological capital for non-managerial store employees. Implications for future research and more effective management of retail firms are discussed
Multi-objective tools for the vehicle routing problem with time windows

Most real-life problems involve the simultaneous optimisation of two or more, usually conflicting, objectives. Researchers have put a continuous effort into solving these problems in many different areas, such as engineering, finance and computer science. Over time, thanks to the increase in processing power, researchers have created methods which have become increasingly sophisticated. Most of these methods have been based on the notion of Pareto dominance, which assumes, sometimes erroneously, that the objectives have no known ranking of importance. The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) is a logistics problem which in real-life applications appears to be multi-objective. This problem consists of designing the optimal set of routes to serve a number of customers within certain time slots. Despite this problem’s high applicability to real-life domains (e.g. waste collection, fast-food delivery), most research in this area has been conducted with hand-made datasets. These datasets sometimes have a number of unrealistic features (e.g. the assumption that one unit of travel time corresponds to one unit of travel distance) and are therefore not adequate for the assessment of optimisers. Furthermore, very few studies have focused on the multi-objective nature of the VRPTW. That is, very few have studied how the optimisation of one objective affects the others. This thesis proposes a number of novel tools (methods + dataset) to address the abovementioned challenges: 1) an agent-based framework for cooperative search, 2) a novel multi-objective ranking approach, 3) a new dataset for the VRPTW, 4) a study of the pair-wise relationships between five common objectives in VRPTW, and 5) a simplified Multi-objective Discrete Particle Swarm Optimisation for the VRPTW.
Distributed Adaptive Formation Control for Linear Swarm Systems With Time-Varying Formation and Switching Topologies

In this paper, distributed time-varying formation (TVF) control problems for general linear swarm systems with switching interaction topologies are investigated using an adaptive dynamic protocol. First, a TVF control protocol for switching interaction topologies is constructed using the states of neighboring agents. In the protocol, an adaptive controller that employs gain scheduling technique is provided to estimate the coupling weights among agents. Compared with the previous studies on formation control, the desired formation can be specified by piecewise continuously time-varying differentiable vectors, the interaction topology can be switching, and the disadvantage of requiring global information of the interaction topologies is removed in this paper. Then, an algorithm including a feasible formation condition is proposed to determine the gain matrices of the distributed adaptive formation protocol by solving a linear matrix inequality for swarm systems with switching interaction topologies. Moreover, under the designed distributed adaptive formation protocol, sufficient condition for general linear swarm systems with switching interaction topologies to achieve the given TVF is derived using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the obtained results.
School and out-of-school science: a model for bridging the gap

Children learn in formal (school) and informal (out-of-school) contexts. Do these children integrate what they learn in these different contexts? While some research shows that they do most of the literature points to a serious lack of contact between these contexts when dealing with related content. During the last two decades, many education researchers have called to bridge this gap. The aim of this paper is to develop a model to guide dialogue and cooperation between staff members within formal and informal educational contexts, in order to foster this integration. We present: (1) a rationale for bridging between formal and informal learning contexts, including the need for a comprehensive and practical model to guide this effort; (2) a design-based research methodology for developing the model; and (3) the resulting 4 × 4-bridging model. We argue that this model can help educators, engaged in formal and informal learning, to develop practical and productive partnerships with each other.
Filamentary Jets as a Cosmic-Ray “Zevatron”

Strong, anisotropic turbulence reflecting magnetized filaments is considered, to model the diffusive acceleration of particles by shock waves in active galactic nucleus jets. We address that at knot A of the nearby M87 jet, the shock involving the filamentary turbulence can accelerate an iron nucleus to zetta-eV (ZeV; 1021 eV) ranges. A smaller value of the particle diffusion coefficient is found to be essential to achieve a ZeV cosmic-ray accelerator, a "Zevatron. "
Clustrophile: A Tool for Visual Clustering Analysis

While clustering is one of the most popular methods for data mining, analysts lack adequate tools for quick, iterative clustering analysis, which is essential for hypothesis generation and data reasoning. We introduce Clustrophile, an interactive tool for iteratively computing discrete and continuous data clusters, rapidly exploring different choices of clustering parameters, and reasoning about clustering instances in relation to data dimensions. Clustrophile combines three basic visualizations -- a table of raw datasets, a scatter plot of planar projections, and a matrix diagram (heatmap) of discrete clusterings -- through interaction and intermediate visual encoding. Clustrophile also contributes two spatial interaction techniques, $\textit{forward projection}$ and $\textit{backward projection}$, and a visualization method, $\textit{prolines}$, for reasoning about two-dimensional projections obtained through dimensionality reductions.
The Readability of Typefaces and the Subsequent Mood or Emotion Created in the Reader

Abstract Does typeface affect readability and a reader's mood or emotion? In this study, I surveyed a sample of students and faculty on their perceptions of the readability of, and emotion imparted by, 10 typefaces. I found that the majority of subjects agreed on the readability factor of 10 typefaces. My expectation that the majority of subjects would agree on the best-fit mood or emotion created by each of the typefaces was confirmed for four of the typefaces and refuted for six. Finally, I found a lack of consensus regarding the (a) overall easiest-to-read, (b) most-difficult-to-read, and (c) favorite typeface.
In Pursuit of the PhD

What percentage of graduate students entering PhD programs in the arts and sciences at leading universities actually complete their studies? How do completion rates vary by field of study, scale of graduate program, and type of financial support provided to students? Has the increasing reliance on Teaching Assistantships affected completion rates and time-to-degree? How successful have national fellowship programs been in encouraging students to finish their studies in reasonably short periods of time? What have been the effects of curricular developments and shifts in the state of the job market? How has the overall "system" of graduate education been affected by the expansion of the 1960s and the subsequent contraction in enrollments and degrees conferred? Is there "excess capacity" in the system at the present time? This major study seeks to answer fundamental questions of this kind. It is based on an exhaustive analysis of an unparalleled data set consisting of the experiences in graduate school of more than 35,000 students who entered programs in English, history, political science, economics, mathematics, and physics at ten leading universities between 1962 and 1986. In addition, new information has been obtained on the graduate student careers of more than 13,000 winners of prestigious national fellowships such as the Woodrow Wilson and the Danforth. It is the combination of these original data sets with other sources of national data that permits fresh insights into the processes and outcomes of graduate education. The authors conclude that opportunities to achieve significant improvements in the organization and functioning of graduate programs exist--especially in thehumanities and related social sciences--and the final part of the book contains their policy recommendations. This will be the standard reference on graduate education for years to come, and it should be read and studied by everyone concerned with the future of graduate education in the
Immortalisation with hTERT Impacts on Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan Secretion and Immunophenotype in a Variable and Cell Specific Manner

Background Limited options for the treatment of cartilage damage have driven the development of tissue engineered or cell therapy alternatives reliant on ex vivo cell expansion. The study of chondrogenesis in primary cells is difficult due to progressive cellular aging and senescence. Immortalisation via the reintroduction of the catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, could allow repeated, longitudinal studies to be performed while bypassing senescent phenotypes. Methods Three human cell types: bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMA13), embryonic stem cell-derived (1C6) and chondrocytes (OK3) were transduced with hTERT (BMA13H, 1C6H and OK3H) and proliferation, surface marker expression and tri-lineage differentiation capacity determined. The sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of the monolayer and spent media was quantified in maintenance media (MM) and pro-chondrogenic media (PChM) and normalised to DNA. Results hTERT expression was confirmed in transduced cells with proliferation enhancement in 1C6H and OK3H cells but not BMA13H. All cells were negative for leukocyte markers (CD19, CD34, CD45) and CD73 positive. CD14 was expressed at low levels on OK3 and OK3H and HLA-DR on BMA13 (84.8%). CD90 was high for BMA13 (84.9%) and OK3 (97.3%) and moderate for 1C6 (56.7%), expression was reduced in BMA13H (33.7%) and 1C6H (1.6%). CD105 levels varied (BMA13 87.7%, 1C6 8.2%, OK3 43.3%) and underwent reduction in OK3H (25.1%). 1C6 and BMA13 demonstrated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation but mineralised matrix and lipid accumulation appeared reduced post hTERT transduction. Chondrogenic differentiation resulted in increased monolayer-associated sGAG in all primary cells and 1C6H (p<0.001), and BMA13H (p<0.05). In contrast OK3H demonstrated reduced monolayer-associated sGAG in PChM (p<0.001). Media-associated sGAG accounted for ≥55% (PChM-1C6) and ≥74% (MM-1C6H). Conclusion In conclusion, hTERT transduction could, but did not always, prevent senescence and cell phenotype, including differentiation potential, was affected in a variable manner. As such, these cells are not a direct substitute for primary cells in cartilage regeneration research.
No therapeutic effect of plasmin antagonist tranexamic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.

OBJECTIVE In the present study, the effects of plasmin antagonist tranexamic acid (TEA) on urinary pyridinoline excretion rates were investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS The study was set up as a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Ten patients received tranexamic acid and 9 received placebo for 12 weeks. Urinary excretion rates of hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) were used as molecular markers of articular cartilage and bone degradation. In addition, clinical parameters of disease activity were assessed and CRP levels were measured. RESULTS Treatment with TEA did not reduce pyridinoline excretion, nor was any effect observed on clinical parameters of disease activity or on CRP levels. CONCLUSION The results of the present pilot study show no beneficial effect of TEA as adjuvant therapy in RA patients with respect to joint destruction or disease activity.
Greater Empathizing and reduced Systemizing in people who show a jumping to conclusions bias in the general population: Implications for psychosis

Background: Females generally perform better than males on some measures of social processing (e.g. Empathizing), while males typically perform better than females on some measures of non-social processing (e.g. Systemizing). Extremes of these sex-typical cognitive profiles are associated with the development and maintenance of certain psychiatric disorders. For example, the autism-psychosis model predicts psychosis spectrum conditions can be characterized as a cognitive pattern of very poor Systemizing alongside superior Empathizing ability (autism demonstrating the diametrically opposing cognitive profile). However, little experimental research has been carried out to date testing the cognitive profile associated with psychosis. Methods: The present study used a large non-clinical sample to investigate the relationship between a “jumping to conclusions” (JTC) reasoning bias commonly seen in patients with delusions and measures of Empathizing and Systemizing. Results: Those showing a JTC bias demonstrated greater Empathizing and reduced Systemizing compared to a non-JTC group, irrespective of biological sex. Sex differences were identified in Empathizing and Systemizing but not the JTC. Conclusions: These results show a cognitive pattern consistent with predictions from the autism-psychosis model. In a non-clinical population, a reasoning bias associated with delusions is associated with an Emphasizing/Systemizing profile opposite to that characteristic of autism.
A Structuralist Model of the Small Open Economy in the Short, Medium and Long Run

Open-economy macroeconomics contains a monetary model in the Keynesian tradition that is deemed serviceable for analyzing the short run and a nonmonetary neoclassical model thought capable of handling the long run. But do the Keynesian and neoclassical models meet the challenges thrown out by the main events of the past few decades? We first indicate that the effects of these shocks on the open economy are not well captured by either the standard Keynesian model or the standard neoclassical theory. Next we provide a careful development of a nonmonetary model of the equilibrium path of the real exchange rate, share price level, as well as natural output, employment and interest that contains trading frictions of the customer-market type. We then examine its implications for these shocks not only over the medium run but over the short run and the long run as well.
Appreciation and Production of Humor as an Expression of Aggression

Two independent samples, each containing Jewish and Arab males in Israel, were tested in the production and appreciation of humor. In the appreciation sample, 50 Jews and 50 Arabs rated 35 jokes that included aggressive jokes, nonaggressive jokes, and jokes with a Jewish/ Arab butt. In the production sample, 139 Jewish and 111 Arab males gave humorous answers to a modified Rosenzweig's Picture Frustration Study, depicting conversations of two men in 13 situations. Two sets of hypotheses were compared. One was derived from the cathartic approach, and postulated that Israeli Arabs, being more frustrated, will express more aggression in humor and more aggression toward a Jewish butt. The second was derived from the social approach and claimed that social status determines the expression of aggression in humor. Members of a minority (Arabs) will express less aggression in humor, despite being more frustrated. Results supported hypotheses derived from the social approach both in appreciation and in the production of humor.
A journey of self‐discovery: an intervention involving massage, yoga and relaxation for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties attending primary schools

This study reports on an intervention involving massage, yoga and relaxation delivered to young children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Children (n = 126) were invited to participate in the Self‐discovery Programme (SDP) with parental consent. A total of 107 children aged 8–11 years completed the SDP and all measures. Children were allocated to a Control (n = 54) or Intervention (n = 53) group. The results indicate that children in the Intervention group showed improvements in self‐confidence, social confidence, communication and contributions in class. Children in the Intervention group were noted by teachers to use skills learned on the SDP during the school day.
Deutsche Version des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu):

Zusammenfassung. Es werden Befunde zur psychometrischen Qualitat der deutschen Fassung des SDQ-Lehrer-/Erzieherfragebogens (T4-16 - SDQ) dargestellt. Dieser wurde an einer Stichprobe von N = 654 Kindern zwischen drei bis funf Jahren in der Augsburger Langsschnittstudie zur Evaluation des Praventionsprogramms Papilio® (ALEPP) eingesetzt. Die dimensionale Struktur des Fragebogens konnte mittels einer Faktorenanalyse mit Varimaxrotation exzellent repliziert werden. Lediglich zwei Items besitzen Nebenladungen, die hoher sind als . 40. Die interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs Alpha) ist zufriedenstellend und variiert zwischen α =. 73 und α = . 86. Insgesamt fallen mit den britischen Grenzwerten (Goodman, 1997) zu viele Kinder in die Kategorien mit erhohten Werten. Es wird empfohlen, die Grenzwerte fur die Skala “Prosoziales Verhalten“ um zwei Punkte zu senken und fur die Problemskalen (auser fur “Emotionale Probleme“) um einen Punkt heraufzusetzen. Alterseffekte zeigen sich fur die Subskala “Hyperaktivitat“ und fur den .