Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influential factors in the choice of public transportation or cars as the mode of transportation in habitual commutes / Factores que influyen en la elección del transporte público o el automóvil como modo de transporte en los desplazamientos habituales

Abstract The goal of this study is to analyse the differences in attitudes towards habitual modes of transportation among users of public and private transportation. The explanatory capacity of attitudes when determining the mode choice, along with the structural and sociodemographic factors, are also verified. The study was performed in three Spanish cities with 742 participants. The results revealed that cars are better rated than public modes of transportation in the attributes associated with immediate advantages (i.e., speed and availability) and convenience. Subways are highly rated in both immediate and deferred advantages (environment, safety, cost and health). Buses are the mode rated the lowest of the three. Using logistic regression, it was verified that the variance explained by a model that includes attitudes (R2 = .639) is higher than the variance explained by a model based solely on variables related to infrastructures (R2 = .489). The discussion of these results includes proposals aimed at decreasing car use.
Sequence variation in Shigella sonnei (Sonnei), a pathogenic clone of Escherichia coli, over four continents and 41 years

The genetic variation within a bacterial clone (known as Shigella sonnei but in effect a clone of Escherichia coli) was examined by studying 46 clinical isolates that were epidemiologically unassociated and isolated from patients in different countries over a period of 41 years (1950 to 1991). Restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing of two housekeeping genes, mglB and gnd, in 10 strains revealed only one nucleotide substitution in the mglB gene in one strain. Ribotyping of 31 strains recovered from five countries over the 41 years proved more sensitive, detecting eight polymorphic sites with worldwide change in frequency of alleles at one site over the period studied.
When a Tree Falls: Using Diversity in Ensemble Classifiers to Identify Evasion in Malware Detectors

Machine learning classifiers are a vital component of modern malware and intrusion detection systems. However, past studies have shown that classifier based detection systems are susceptible to evasion attacks in practice. Improving the evasion resistance of learning based systems is an open problem. To address this, we introduce a novel method for identifying the observations on which an ensemble classifier performs poorly. During detection, when a sufficient number of votes from individual classifiers disagree, the ensemble classifier prediction is shown to be unreliable. The proposed method, ensemble classifier mutual agreement analysis, allows the detection of many forms of classifier evasion without additional external ground truth. We evaluate our approach using PDFrate, a PDF malware detector. Applying our method to data taken from a real network, we show that the vast majority of predictions can be made with high ensemble classifier agreement. However, most classifier evasion attempts, including nine targeted mimicry scenarios from two recent studies, are given an outcome of uncertain indicating that these observations cannot be given a reliable prediction by the classifier. To show the general applicability of our approach, we tested it against the Drebin Android malware detector where an uncertain prediction was correctly given to the majority of novel attacks. Our evaluation includes over 100,000 PDF documents and 100,000 Android applications. Furthermore, we show that our approach can be generalized to weaken the effectiveness of the Gradient Descent and Kernel Density Estimation attacks against Support Vector Machines. We discovered that feature bagging is the most important property for enabling ensemble classifier diversity based evasion detection.
Innovation in multidisciplinary teams: The moderating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between professional heterogeneity and shared mental models

Research on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary teams has been equivocal. In an attempt to understand when a team’s professional heterogeneity (PH) is positively related to innovation (INN), we proposed an integrative model in which shared mental models (SMMs) are theorized as a mechanism to leverage INN in highly multidisciplinary teams. In addition, we claim that transformational leadership (TL), which is usually regarded as a factor contributing to team effectiveness, will attenuate the effect of teams’ PH on team SMM. In a field study of 55 R&D teams in Israel, we found that SMMs mediated the relationship between PH and INN, and that TL moderated the relationship between PH and Team SMM. We discuss the theoretical and practical implication of these findings.
Segmentation in translation: Differences across levels of expertise and difficulty

The subject of this article is cognitive segmentation in translation. Based on experiments carried out in Translog, a keyboard logging program, significant differences, and also certain similarities, were observed of cognitive segmentation when data from two different subject groups and text types were compared. In the translation of a relatively easy text, novice and professional translators were found to behave fundamentally differently with respect to the size and nature of cognitive units and the speed with which they were produced. When faced with a difficult text, the behaviour in both groups was clearly affected, but some of the differences observed between novice and professional translators in the translation of the easy text were neutralized in that the professionals took over many of the features characteristic of the novices.
Posttraumatic spiritual growth: a phenomenological study of cancer survivors

A small but growing body of research has sought to investigate the specific role of religion and spirituality in posttraumatic growth. Recently, investigations have reported identifying spiritual growth following trauma, specifically that of cancer patients and survivors. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how having cancer affects the spiritual growth of cancer survivors across a multidimensional conceptualisation of spirituality. The researchers investigated posttraumatic spiritual growth by studying the lived experience of 13 cancer survivors using phenomenological data analysis. Participants reported experiencing spiritual growth across the following domains of spirituality: (a) general spirituality, (b) spiritual development, (c) spiritual social participation, (d) spiritual private practices, (e) spiritual support, (f) spiritual coping, (g) spirituality as motivating forces, (h) spiritual experiences, and (i) spiritual commitment. Growth was not endorsed by participants in the following three domains of spirituality outlined in the model: (a) spiritual history, (b) spiritual beliefs and values, and (c) spiritual techniques for regulating and reconciling relationships. Two additional domains of growth emerged beyond the theoretical model that was used to guide this study from participants’ narratives, including evangelism and enhanced spirituality of family/friends.
'By Virtue of Being White': Resistance in anti-racist pedagogy

This research, which employs post-structuralist and psychoanalytic theories of identity, investigates processes by which white, racialised identities are inscribed as normative constructions in the discourses of white pre-service teachers at a Canadian university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with white students whose desires for respectability and legitimacy are at odds with the imminent critique of anti-racist pedagogy. The analysis indicates processes by which research participants are able to profess liberal values and innocence from racist acts while accessing discursive repertoires which perform them as racially dominant. The power of dominant groups to resist oppositional pedagogies problematises the potential for whiteness to affirm itself, even as a virtue, in sites of liberal teacher education. The article questions how white pre-service teachers' desires for goodness might be thought in ways which support instability and flux, notwithstanding students' desires for secure identities.
Anatomic viral detection is automated: the application of a robotic molecular pathology system for the detection of DNA viruses in anatomic pathology substrates, using immunocytochemical and nucleic acid hybridization techniques.

This paper presents the first automated system for simultaneously detecting human papilloma, herpes simplex, adenovirus, or cytomegalovirus viral antigens and gene sequences in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue substrates and tissue culture. These viruses can be detected by colorimetric in situ nucleic acid hybridization, using biotinylated DNA probes, or by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques, using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, in a 2.0-hour assay performed at a single automated robotic workstation. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8FIG. 9FIG. 10FIG. 11
Individual Differences and Attitudes Toward Rape: A Meta-Analytic Review

An overview discusses (a) the importance of rape attitudes, (b) the major rape attitude measures, and (c) the applicability of four theoretical frameworks of hostility toward women to rape attitude maintenance. Findings from 72 studies of rape attitudes and individual differences were quantitatively synthesized. The meta-analysis revealed more rape acceptance for men, older people, and people from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. For men, cognitive predispositions toward perpetrating rape were strong predictors of rape acceptance. For women, experience as and exposure to rape victims were associated with slightly less rape acceptance. Consistent with some theoretical predictions, traditional gender role beliefs, adversarial sexual beliefs, needs for power and dominance, aggressiveness and anger, and conservative political beliefs predicted rape acceptance. Implications for rape education programs and research are discussed.
Issues For Community College Leaders In A New Era

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EVALUATION OF WINE QUALITY USING A SMALL‐PANEL HEDONIC SCALING METHOD

A hedonic scoring method for evaluating wines with a small panel was examined for reliability, effects of training level and agreement with a traditional 20-point scoring technique. The method was found to differentiate among qualities of 14 domestic Sauvignon Blanc wines with good reliability. Four panels were tested, three with a high degree of experience in wine judging and a fourth consisting of fine wine consumers with no special training. The three experienced panels agreed well about the wines’ quality scores. Mean panel scores were less highly correlated (although still positive) with the untrained panel, which showed higher variability and lower reliability. Mean scores from the hedonic method were correlated at r =+0.94 with mean scores from a 20-point quality judging procedure. The small panel hedonic method is suitable for generating quality scores for consumer guidance in large scale wine surveys, as are commonly found in popular wine periodicals.
Placements in management training for Bangladeshi civil servants

Developing country governments increasingly recognize the importance of involving women managers more fully in senior roles. In Bangladesh it is hoped that women will be prominent in civil service reform and that their presence in senior posts will increase. Examines the role of work placements in the context of a management development training programme for female Bangladeshi civil servants based on the results of the first phase of a three‐year programme at the Development and Project Planning Centre (DPPC), University of Bradford. During the course, the women spent two weeks on placement in the UK civil service and local government to gain insight into the working experience of women managers here. The post‐placement appraisal suggested it was a valuable experience for both study fellows and hosts. Suggestions are made for increasing the effectiveness of placements in the future.
Reliability of a New Measure of Self-Actualization

The purpose of this study was to investigate both the internal consistency and temporal reliability of the Measure of Self-actualization of Potential. Results from the initial pilot study (n = 414) used to develop the inventory are compared with those of a new sample (n = 156) designed to evaluate its stability. Responses from the new sample support our initial findings of moderate to relatively high alpha coefficients for the two main scales and five subscales. Test-retest reliability for the new set of responses indicates high stability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from . 74 to . 88. For the over-all scale, Cronbach alpha reaches . 90 and the intraclass coefficient . 87. In addition to better psychometric properties, the new inventory has two other advantages over the Personal Orientation Inventory, fewer items and a self-report format.
Partial maintenance of extra cancellous bone mass by antiresorptive agents after discontinuation of human parathyroid hormone (1–38) in right hindlimb immobilized rats

The current study employs the immobilization (IM) rat model to induce osteopenia, parathyroid hormone (PTH) as the anabolic agent to restore bone mass, and 17β‐estradiol, calcitonin, or risedronate as the maintenance agents to answer the following questions: How much cancellous bone loss occurs when PTH is withdrawn? Which antiresorptive or antiactivation agent maintains bone best? Ideally, what tissue‐level histomorphometric conditions maintain added bone? Six‐month‐old female rats were treated with 200 μg PTH/kg/day subcutaneously at 30 days post‐IM for 75 days. Then PTH treatment was stopped and switched to a vehicle (no treatment), 10 μg calcitonin/kg/day, 10 μg 17β‐estradiol/kg/day, or 5 μg risedronate twice weekly for another 15 days (early response) or 60 days (late response). The rats had their right hindlimb immobilized throughout the study. The current report deals only with the maintenance phase involving 92 animals. Bone histomorphometry was performed on the secondary spongiosa of the right proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM). Cessation of PTH treatment followed by vehicle administration for 15 days resulted in partial loss of trabecular bone area and thickness from stimulated bone resorption and the fall of all formation indices. By contrast, all three antiresorptive agents maintained the cancellous bone mass during the same period. However, after prolonged withdrawal of PTH for 60 days, we found that 17β‐estradiol and calcitonin maintained the cancellous bone slightly better than no treatment, while risedronate partially protected it from the mechanostat‐induced bone loss. The risedronate treatment retained 71% of the PTH‐added bone while calcitonin retained 48%, estrogen 42%, and no treatment 32%. The favorable histomorphometry profile for maintenance was the sustained reduction in bone resorption and turnover and normal age‐related bone balance. We concluded that 1) cessation of PTH treatment will result in the loss of two‐thirds of the added bone in 60 days; 2) currently, risedronate at the dose level employed as a maintenance agent is far superior to 17β‐estradiol or calcitonin because of its long retention in bone; however, a longer observation period might result in less difference; and 3) the ideal tissue‐level histomorphometry continues depressing bone resorption and turnover and maintains a normal age‐related bone balance. Furthermore, we found the “lose, restore plus add, and maintain (LRAM)” concept was successful in maintaining most of the PTH‐induced extra bone by risedronate for 60 days. It was far superior to 17β‐estradiol or calcitonin. Possibly the last two agents would be effective in maintaining a normal amount of bone but not in preserving an excessive amount of bone. Nevertheless, the current study further emphasizes that clinicians should consider using the LRM treatment strategy when they plan to treat osteoporosis with bone anabolic agents.
Child discourse and parental control in pediatric consultations

The present investigation examines parental regulation of child discourse in pediatric settings (in the face ofmedical authonty). On the basis of a close reading of 32 transcripts from pediatric consultations, it is shown how the patients (children) are offen excluded from direct interaction with the doctor. A contrastive analysis of different triadic patterns revealed that parents account for great Variation in children 's relative share of the discourse space. Low control parents typically act äs cultural brokers, mediating between doctors' medical framings and children 's everyday framings of consultation events. In contrast, high-control parents more typically appropriate child allocated turns in ways which have to be explained in terms of symbolic control (rather than medical reframings). Such parental control permeates the consultation in terms of control of children 's overall discourse space äs well äs in terms of control of child participation in the opening scqucnces. Parental control both assumes the outward naked form of dominance, äs in what we have called an executive type of control, and less direct forms of appropriation äs in validation types of parental regulation. In the latter casef parents can be seen to reassert their authonty over the child in being the ones who ultimately "ratify'or legitimize their children 's thinking.
Endocrine aspects of women's sexual function.

INTRODUCTION Endocrine changes during aging as well as endocrine disorders may either directly or indirectly modulate female sexual function by altering sex hormones, or by impacting on vascular, neurogenic, or psychologic factors. AIM To review information on the impact of the hormonal changes associated with aging or those caused by endocrine disorders on female sexual function and current information on the risks and benefits of hormonal treatments. METHODS Committee members outlined topics and reviewed the published literature on endocrine aspects of female sexual function over a 2-year period. Presentation of the recommendations were presented at the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine Paris, France 2009 and revised accordingly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quality of data published in the literature and recommendations were based on the GRADES system. RESULTS Recommendations and guidelines concerning the role of sex hormones and endocrine disorders in female sexual function were derived. CONCLUSIONS Hormones are only one component of the many factors that contribute to normal sexual function in women. Further research is needed as to the impact of hormones and endocrine disorders on female sexual dysfunction and the benefits and risks of hormonal therapies.
Optimal blind nonlinear least-squares carrier phase and frequency offset estimation for burst QAM modulations

This paper introduces a novel family of blind feedforward nonlinear least-squares (NLS) estimators for joint estimation of the carrier phase and frequency offset of quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM). An optimal or "matched" nonlinear estimator that exhibits the smallest asymptotic variance within the family of envisaged NLS-estimators is developed. A class of computationally efficient monomial estimators is also proposed. The asymptotic performance of these estimators is established in closed-form expression and compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound corresponding to an unmodulated carrier. Finally, computer simulations are presented to corroborate the theoretical performance analysis.
Geometric Morphometric Sex Estimation for Hatchling Turtles: A Powerful Alternative for Detecting Subtle Sexual Shape Dimorphism

Abstract Identifying sex of hatchling turtles is difficult because juveniles are not obviously externally dimorphic, and current techniques to identify sex are often logistically unfeasible for field studies. We demonstrate a widely applicable and inexpensive alternative to detect subtle but significant sexual dimorphism in hatchlings, using landmark-based geometric morphometric methods. With this approach, carapace landmarks were digitized from photographs of each hatchling, and shape variables were generated after variation in size, location and orientation were eliminated. These variables were then analyzed for sexual dimorphism, and used in discriminant function analysis to estimate sex of each hatchling. Using this approach on two species (Chrysemys picta and Podocnemis expansa), we found this method had high accuracy in assigning sex when compared with true sex (98% and 90%, respectively), and cross-validation revealed a correct classification rate of 85%. These correct classification rates were considerably higher than those found on the same species using linear distance measurements as data. We also explored two alternative statistical approaches for assessing sex (K-means clustering and multiple logistic regression) and found that these alternative approaches were accurate only 61% and 78% of the time, respectively, in C. picta and 69% and 77% of the time in P. expansa. These findings are similar to classification rates found for turtle species using approaches based on linear distance measurements. We also found that the observed sexual dimorphism differed between the two species. In P. expansa, males displayed relatively more expansion of the central region of the carapace relative to females, whereas in C. picta this pattern was reversed. We conclude that discriminant analysis of morphology quantified using geometric morphometrics provides researchers with a powerful tool to discriminate between male and female hatchling turtles.