Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of residents and providers in the assisted living pilot program.

PURPOSE The number of residents in assisted living has rapidly increased, although these facilities still primarily serve people who can pay out of pocket. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs was authorized to provide this level of care for the first time in the Assisted Living Pilot Program (ALPP). We describe the residents and providers, comparing them across three facility types and other populations, to assess the characteristics and feasibility of this new approach. DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed ALPP residents and providers across seven Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. We obtained information from medical records, assessment tools, and a provider survey. RESULTS We report here on 743 residents placed from 2002 to 2004. The Department of Veterans Affairs contracted with 58 adult family homes, 56 assisted living facilities, and 46 residential care facilities. The average ALPP resident was a 70-year-old unmarried White man referred from an inpatient hospital and living in a private residence prior to placement. Adult family homes enrolled residents requiring greater levels of assistance with activities of daily living than other facility types. Assisted living facilities were less likely than adult family homes to admit residents with functional disabilities and less likely than either adult family homes or adult residential care facilities to admit residents with certain care needs. IMPLICATIONS ALPP placed residents with a wide range of characteristics in community facilities that varied widely in size and services. This information can help determine the role of this type of care in and outside of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Troglitazone reverses the multiple drug resistance phenotype in cancer cells

A major problem in treating cancer is the development of drug resistance. We previously demonstrated doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in K562 human leukemia cells that was associated with upregulation of glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) and histone H3 expression. The thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TRG) downregulated GLO-1 expression and further upregulated histone H3 expression and post-translational modifications in these cells, leading to a regained sensitivity to DOX. Given the pleiotropic effects of epigenetic changes in cancer development, we hypothesized that TRG may downregulate the multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotype in a variety of cancer cells. To test this, MCF7 human breast cancer cells and K562 cells were cultured in the presence of low-dose DOX to establish DOX-resistant cell lines (K562/DOX and MCF7/DOX). The MDR phenotype was confirmed by Western blot analysis of the 170 kDa P-glycoprotein (Pgp) drug efflux pump multiple drug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1), and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). TRG markedly decreased expression of both MDR-1 and BCRP in these cells, resulting in sensitivity to DOX. Silencing of MDR-1 expression also sensitized MCF7/DOX cells to DOX. Use of the specific and irreversible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 in the nanomolar range not only demonstrated that the action of TRG on MCF/DOX was PPARγ-independent, but indicated that PPARγ may play a role in the MDR phenotype, which is antagonized by TRG. We conclude that TRG is potentially a useful adjunct therapy in chemoresistant cancers.
Speaking in turns and sequences: Interactional competence as a target construct in testing speaking

In the assessment of speaking, a psycholinguistically based speaking construct has predominated. In this paper, we argue for the integration of the construct of interactional competence (IC) in speaking assessments to broaden the range of defensible inferences from speaking tests. IC emphasizes the co-constructed nature of interaction and enables the rating of L2 users’ ability to deploy interactional tools that lead to shared understandings. Recent work on IC shows that levels of development can be distinguished, for example, in the sequential organization of social actions such as requests and refusals. This can in turn inform interactionally specific ratings. Furthermore, an IC perspective allows a fine-grained analysis of interactions between examiners and test takers to detect effects of examiner talk. Apparent misunderstandings or disfluencies by test takers can be examiner-induced with the test taker’s response actually demonstrating interactional ability rather than lack of proficiency. We argue that inclusion of IC as a construct in testing speaking opens new perspectives on oral proficiency and enhances the validity of speaking assessments.
Prostate 1H-MRS spectroscopy : comparison of 1.5T endorectal three dimensional MRS vs. 3T MRS using a surface coil

Results: Among spectrums obtained at 1,5T using an endorectal coil in 54/150 (36%) Cho (3.2 ppm) and Cr (3 ppm) peaks were clearly separated. In 94/150 (64%) Cho (3.2 ppm) and Cr (3 ppm) peaks were not resolved – visible as overlapping peaks. In all Cit (2.6 ppm) spectrums, the peak was visible as a singlet or as a nonsymmetrical shape singlet. The spermine peak (3.1 ppm) was not detected in any spectrum.
Maximizing delivery performance in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities

This paper is motivated by the problem of scheduling customer orders (jobs) in a semiconductor fabrication facility ("wafer fab") to maximize delivery performance when the jobs have non-identical priorities (weights). As each job is typically assigned a weight based on its size, value, and/or requesting customer, a wafer fab's delivery performance can be evaluated in terms of minimizing the sum of each job's weighted tardiness. A heuristic has been proposed for obtaining "good" solutions to this complex problem. Using a "real world" wafer fab data model, the heuristic is compared to a number of dispatching rules in terms of how well each method produces job sequences that maximize delivery performance of customer orders. Results suggest that the heuristic consistently produces the best overall schedules, but there is a price to be paid in terms of solution speed.
Empathetic Leadership: How Leader Emotional Support and Understanding Influences Follower Performance

This article presents a theory of empathetic leadership and its initial test. Empathetic leadership provides a model of how leader understanding and support improves follower behaviors and affective states. For this article, we explored the link between empathetic leadership and follower performance. Specifically, we tested the causal processes by which empathetic language influences follower performance. These processes include follower job satisfaction and innovation. Findings support model hypotheses and provide preliminary causal support for the model.
To Be or Not To Be: A Multidimensional Spirituality in the Workplace

The present study focuses on furthering the theoretical foundations of the field of spirituality and religiosity in the workplace (SRW) by providing a parsimonious definition, and multi-dimensional model for the construct of spirituality grounded in a pluralistic and historically authentic framework using the Sophia Perennis or Perennial Philosophy (Lings, 2005, A return to the spirit. Fons Vitae, Louisville). In this process, the study addresses the dilemma of religiosity versus spirituality faced by researchers in this area (Benefiel, Fry, & Geigle, 2014, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 175). It also addresses concerns regarding the potential conflicts related to spirituality and religiosity that could arise in a secular workplace, which emphasizes inclusiveness and equality. A three factor model of spirituality is developed using the grounded theory approach (Corbin & Strauss, 1990, Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21) and is corroborated by factor analysis of multiple samples (n = 159 and n = 181), and participants representing three major world faith traditions (both Eastern and Western).
Dirty black holes: quasinormal modes for ‘squeezed’ horizons

We consider the quasinormal modes for a class of black-hole spacetimes that, informally speaking, contain a closely ‘squeezed’ pair of horizons. (This scenario, where the relevant observer is presumed to be ‘trapped’ between the horizons, is operationally distinct from near-extremal black holes with an external observer.) It is shown, by analytical means, that the spacing of the quasinormal frequencies equals the surface gravity at the squeezed horizons. Moreover, we can calculate the real part of these frequencies provided that the horizons are sufficiently close together (but not necessarily degenerate). The novelty of our analysis (which extends a model-specific treatment by Cardoso and Lemos) is that we consider ‘dirty’ black holes, that is, the observable portion of the (static and spherically symmetric) spacetime is allowed to contain an arbitrary distribution of matter.
LIDS Report 1 Distributed Subgradient Methods over Random Networks

We consider the problem of cooperatively minimizing the sum of convex functions, where the functions represent local objective functions of the agents. We assume that each agent has information about his local function, and communicate with the other agents over a time-varying network topology. For this problem, we propose a distributed subgradient method that uses averaging algorithms for locally sharing information among the agents. In contrast to previous works that make worst-case assumptions about the connectivity of the agents (such as bounded communication intervals between nodes), we assume that links fail according to a given stochastic process. Under the assumption that the link failures are independent and identically distributed over time (possibly correlated across links), we provide convergence results and convergence rate estimates for our subgradient algorithm. ∗This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Career grant DMI-0545910, and by the DARPA ITMANET program. †Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, lobel@mit.edu ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, asuman@mit.edu
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles-Loaded Chitosan/Bioactive Glass Scaffolds as a Localized Delivery System in the Bone Defects

The functionality of tissue engineering scaffolds can be enhanced by localized delivery of appropriate biological macromolecules incorporated within biodegradable nanoparticles. In this research, chitosan/58S-bioactive glass (58S-BG) containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles has been prepared and then characterized. The effects of further addition of 58S-BG on the structure of scaffolds have been investigated to optimize the characteristics of the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. The results showed that the scaffolds had high porosity with open pores. It was also shown that the porosity decreased with increasing 58S-BG content. Furthermore, the PLGA nanoparticles were homogenously distributed within the scaffolds. According to the obtained results, the nanocomposites could be considered as highly bioactive bone tissue engineering scaffolds with the potential of localized delivery of biological macromolecules.
A new methodology for constructing a publication-level classification system of science

Classifying journals or publications into research areas is an essential element of many bibliometric analyses. Classification usually takes place at the level of journals, where the Web of Science subject categories are the most popular classification system. However, journal-level classification systems have two important limitations: They offer only a limited amount of detail, and they have difficulties with multidisciplinary journals. To avoid these limitations, we introduce a new methodology for constructing classification systems at the level of individual publications. In the proposed methodology, publications are clustered into research areas based on citation relations. The methodology is able to deal with very large numbers of publications. We present an application in which a classification system is produced that includes almost 10 million publications. Based on an extensive analysis of this classification system, we discuss the strengths and the limitations of the proposed methodology. Important strengths are the transparency and relative simplicity of the methodology and its fairly modest computing and memory requirements. The main limitation of the methodology is its exclusive reliance on direct citation relations between publications. The accuracy of the methodology can probably be increased by also taking into account other types of relations–for instance, based on bibliographic coupling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remote sensing image compression based on double-sparsity dictionary learning and universal trellis coded quantization

In this paper, we propose a novel remote sensing image compression method based on double-sparsity dictionary learning and universal trellis coded quantization (UTCQ). Recent years have seen a growing interest in the study of natural image compression based on sparse representation and dictionary learning. We show that using the double-sparsity model to learn a dictionary gives much better compression results for remote sensing images, the texture of which is much richer than that of natural images. We also show that the compression performance is improved significantly when advanced quantization and entropy coding strategies are used for encoding the sparse representation coefficients. The proposed method outperforms the existing dictionary-based image coding algorithms. Additionally, our method results in better ratedistortion performance and structural similarity results than CCSDS and JPEG2000 standard.
An Implicit Theory of Self-Esteem: The Consequences of Perceived Self-Esteem for Romantic Desirability

The provision of information appears to be an important property of self-esteem as evidenced by previous research concerning the status-tracking and status-signaling models of self-esteem. The present studies examine whether there is an implicit theory of self-esteem that leads individuals to assume targets with higher levels of self-esteem possess more desirable characteristics than those with lower levels of self-esteem. Across 6 studies, targets with ostensibly higher levels of self-esteem were generally rated as more attractive and as more desirable relationship partners than those with lower levels of self-esteem. It is important to note, however, that this general trend did not consistently emerge for female targets. Rather, female targets with high self-esteem were often evaluated less positively than those with more moderate levels of self-esteem. The present findings are discussed in the context of an extended informational model of self-esteem consisting of both the status-tracking and status-signaling properties of self-esteem.
Plurisubharmonic functions and the Kähler-Ricci flow

In this paper, a sharp linear trace Li-Yau-Hamilton inequality for Kahler-Ricci flow is proved. The new inequality extends the previous trace Harnack inequality obtained by H. -D. Cao. We also establish sharp gradient estimates for the positive solution of the time-dependent heat equation for some cases. Finally, we apply this new linear trace Li-Yau-Hamilton inequality to study the Liouville properties of the plurisubharmonic functions on complete Kahler manifolds with bounded nonnegative holomorphic bisectional curvature.
Implementing a Large-Scale Systematic Tuberculosis Screening Program in Correctional Facilities in South Africa

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence is high in correctional facilities in southern Africa. With support from local South African nongovernmental organizations, the South African Department of Correctional Services initiated a program of systematically screening newly admitted and current inmates for symptoms followed by GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/rifampicin (Rif) for microbiologic testing of symptomatic inmates. Methods. We conducted a program evaluation during a 5-month window describing program reach, effectiveness, adoption within the facilities, cost, and opportunities for sustainability. This evaluation included 4 facilities (2 large and 2 smaller) with a total daily census of 20 700 inmates. Results. During the 5-month evaluation window from May to September 2013, 7426 inmates were screened at the 4 facilities. This represents screening 87% of all new admits (the remaining new admits were screened by correctional staff only and are not included in these statistics) and 23% of the daily inmate census, reaching 55% of the overall screening target as calculated per annum. The reach ranged from 57% screened during these 5 months at one of the smaller facilities to 13% at the largest facility. Two hundred one cases of pulmonary TB were diagnosed, representing 2.1% of the screened population; 93% had documented initiation of TB treatment. The cost per TB case identified was $1513, excluding treatment costs (with treatment costs it was $1880). Conclusions. We reached a large number of inmates with high-volume screening and effectively used GeneXpert MTB/Rif to diagnose pulmonary TB and rapidly initiate treatment. The cost was comparable to other screening programs.
Effects of c-erbB2 overexpression on the drug sensitivities of normal human mammary epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND Overexpression of the gene c-erbB2, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, in breast tumors has been linked with either increased or decreased response of breast cancer patients to various therapies. In breast cancer cell lines, overexpression of exogenous c-erbB2 sometimes alters drug sensitivities but sometimes has no effect. To avoid the genetic complexities associated with established cancer cell lines, normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) were studied to determine whether c-erbB2 overexpression by itself would alter chemosensitivity. METHODS HMECs were designed to overexpress c-erbB2, and these cells were then evaluated for alterations in chemosensitivity. RESULTS HMECs overexpressing c-erbB2 failed to show any alterations in chemosensitivity to a panel of chemotherapeutic agents, as indicated by 95% confidence intervals on growth curves of cells treated with or without the agent of interest. With the use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting to enrich for HMECs overexpressing c-erbB2 on their surface, an 85% pure population of cells was isolated and their chemosensitivity was evaluated. Again, the cells failed to display any alterations in chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that overexpression of c-erbB2 is not sufficient by itself to induce changes in chemosensitivity. Cellular studies using normal human cells in which the complexity of the system can be carefully controlled by the addition of one, two, or even more genes associated with cancer development may provide valuable information about how the products of the genes interact with each other and which combinations are critical in regulating chemosensitivity.
Tetrandrine inhibits migration and invasion of human renal cell carcinoma by regulating Akt/NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known as one of the most lethal malignancies in the urological system because of its high incidence of metastasis. Tetrandrine (Tet), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, exerts a potent anti-cancer effect in a variety of cancer cells. However, the anti-metastatic effect of Tet and its possible mechanism in RCC is still unclear. The present study revealed that Tet significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of RCC 786-O and 769-P cells in vitro. Mechanistically, the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9), phosphorylated PI3K, PDK1, Akt and NF-κB were markedly reduced after Tet treatment. Moreover, co-treatment with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) could further enhance the Tet-inhibited migration and invasion, and the NF-κB and MMP-9 protein levels were further decreased. Similar results were observed after PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) co-treatment. Conversely, SC79, an Akt activator, could partially reverse the anti-metastatic effects of Tet, accompanied by the restoration of NF-κB and MMP-9 protein levels. In conclusion, the current results indicated that Tet inhibited migration and invasion of RCC partially by regulating Akt/NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling pathway, suggesting that Tet may be a potential therapeutic candidate against metastatic RCC.
Convergence and tracking analysis of the ε-NSRLMF algorithm

In this work, the convergence and tracking behavior of the ε-normalized sign regressor least mean fourth (NSRLMF) algorithm are analyzed in the presence of white and correlated Gaussian data. Furthermore, the stability bound on the step-size of the ε-NSRLMF algorithm to ensure convergence in the mean, which also leads us to the mean convergence of the ε-normalized sign regressor least mean mixed-norm (NSRLMMN) algorithm is derived. Finally, simulation results are conducted to confirm the validity and performance of the proposed adaptive algorithm for both white and correlated Gaussian regressors.
Uniformly Stable Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization and Robust Iterative Solution Methods for the Brinkman Problem

We consider robust iterative methods for discontinuous Galerkin (DG) $H(div,\Omega)$-conforming discretizations of the Brinkman equations. We describe a simple Uzawa iteration for the solution of this problem, which requires the solution of a nearly incompressible linear elasticity type equation with mass term on every iteration. We prove the uniform stability of the DG discretization for both problems. Then, we analyze variable V-cycle and W-cycle multigrid methods with nonnested bilinear forms. We prove that these algorithms are robust and their convergence rates are independent of the parameters in the Brinkman problem and of the mesh size. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by numerical results.
A Typology of Subordinate Constructions in Lai

This thesis is concerned with a typology of the subordinate constructions in Lai, a central Kuki-Chin language of Tibeto-Burman family. In chapter one, background information, literature review, the research goals, scope and limits of the research, and the methodology are discussed. Chapter two gives an overview of Lai phonology and grammar. In chapter three, the relative clauses are discussed. Nominalization is covered in chapter four. Chapter five covers the role of postpositions in subordination. Finally, the conclusion and summary are in chapter six. This research shows that in Lai, there are three types of subordinate constructions: relative clauses, adverbial clauses and complement clauses that come before the main clauses. They each have multiple forms. Relative clauses are formed with the relativizers tu, mi or nak and it can be an externally headed, internally headed or a headless. The verb stem choice marks whether the head noun is subject or object of the relative clause. Adverbial clauses that function as subordinate clauses are marked by subordinating conjunctions, which are formed by the combination of the postpositions ah or in and other words having different semantic functions. Complement clauses are indicated by nominalization or by the postposition ah. Nominalized complements are marked with the nominalizers tu, mi, awk or ding which have different verb stem choices.