Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Children Act 1989 and family support : principles into practice

Part 1 Studies of open-door provision: family centres, Children in Need and the Children Act 1989, Teresa Smith provision of support through family projects, Jane Gibbons. Part 2 Studies of selective provision: NEWPIN - a befriending scheme and therapeutic network for carers of young children, Anthony Cox et al partnership with parents of children in need of protection, June Thoburn and Ann Lewis family support services and children with disabilities, Pauline Hardiker vulnerability and the need for protection, Helen Westcott helping parents to manage children's sleep disturbance - an intervention trial, Lyn Quine. Part 3 Policy development: developing family support in local authorities, Ruth Gardner local authority policies on children in need, Jane Tunstill summing up, Roy Parker and Ian White.
GoPubMed: ontology based literature search for the life sciences

With the ever increasing size of scientific literature, finding relevant documents and answering questions has become even more of a challenge. Recently, ontologies — hierarchical, controlled vocabularies — have been introduced to annotate genomic data. They can also improve the question answering and the selection of relevant documents in the literature search. Search engines such as GoPubMed.org use ontological background knowledge to give an overview over large query results and to answer questions. Here we give an overview over GoPubMed. We show how it can answer questions using the GeneOntology and the Medical subject Headings as background knowledge. We also demonstrate that GoPubMed is general by applying it to the problem of associating genes, tissues, and developmental stages, as described in the Edinburgh Mouse Atlas. GoPubMed builds on background knowledge in the form of ontologies, which are given for the previous two applications. We describe a method to automatically generate the vocabulary for ontologies and compare our method to 3 other approaches in the context of a lipid metabolism ontology. The deliverable comprises three sections. GoPubMed is described in Section 1, MousePubMed in Section 2 and ontology generation in Section 3.
Machine Learning from Examples: A Non-Inductivist Analysis

It has been suggested that AI investigations of mechan- ical learning undermine sweeping anti-inductivist views in the theory of knowledge and the philosophy of science. In particular, it is claimed that some mechanical learning systems perform epistemically justified inductive generalization and prediction. Contrary to this view, it is ar- gued that no trace of such epistemic justification is to be found within a rather representative class of learning agents drawn from machine learning and robotics. Moreover, an alternative deductive account of these learning procedures is outlined. Finally, the opportunity of de- veloping an induction-free logical analysis of non-monotonic reason- ing in autonomous learning agents - capable of advancing and revising learning or background hypotheses - is emphasized by a broad reflec- tion on some families of non-monotonic, albeit deductive, consequence relations. 1
The potential of whole genome NGS for infectious disease diagnosis

Non-targeted identification of microbes is now possible directly in biological samples, based on whole-genome-NGS (WG-NGS) techniques that allow deep sequencing of nucleic acids, data mining and sorting out of sequences of pathogens without any a priori hypothesis. WG-NGS was first only used as a research tool due to its cost, complexity and lack of standardization. Recent improvements in sample preparation and bioinformatics pipelines and decrease in cost now allow actionable diagnostics in patients. The potency and limits of WG-NGS and possible future indications are discussed here. WG-NGS will likely soon become a standard procedure in microbiological diagnosis.
The Paradox of Self Organisation among Disadvantaged People: A study of marginal citizenship

This dissertation compares the emerging attempts at social mobilisation among Travellers and people out of work claiming social-security benefits in Norway. This analysis is carried out against the backdrop of a discussion of social marginality, integration and citizenship. It traces how the organisations could promote fuller citizenship on the part of marginalized sections of the population, in spite of the obstacles they might face.
A cybernetic model of self-attention processes.

An analysis of the experiential and behavioral consequences of self-directed attention is proposed, based on cybernetic or information-processing ideas. The proposed model includes the following assumptions: When attention is directed to environmental stimuli, those stimuli are analyzed and categorized according to the person's preexisting recognitory schemas. Self-directed attention often leads to a similar analysis of ^//-information; experientially, such a state of self-focus comprises an enhanced awareness of one's salient self-aspects. In some cases categorization—either of one's context or of some self-element— elicits a response schema, which constitutes a behavioral standard. If a prior categorization has evoked such a behavioral standard, subsequent self-attention engages an automatic sequence in which behavior is altered to conform more closely with the standard. This matching-to-standard is construed as the occurrence within a psychological system of a test-operate-test-exit unit or a negative feedback loop—a cybernetic construct applicable to many different phenomena both within and outside of psychology. More specifically, self-focus when a standard is salient is seen as the "test" or comparison phase of that feedback loop. If the matching-to-standard process is interrupted by one of several specified classes of events, subsequent behavior depends on an outcome expectancy judgment. A favorable outcome expectancy causes a return to the matching-to-standard attempt; an unfavorable expectancy results in behavioral withdrawal. Research support for the model is discussed, and comparisons are made with self-awareness theory, Bandura's theory of fear-based behavior, helplessness theory, and social comparison theory.
Formation of Tellurium Nanocrystals during Anaerobic Growth of Bacteria That Use Te Oxyanions as Respiratory Electron Acceptors

ABSTRACT Certain toxic elements support the metabolism of diverse prokaryotes by serving as respiratory electron acceptors for growth. Here, we demonstrate that two anaerobes previously shown to be capable of respiring oxyanions of selenium also achieve growth by reduction of either tellurate [Te(VI)] or tellurite [Te(IV)] to elemental tellurium [Te(0)]. This reduction achieves a sizeable stable-Te-isotopic fractionation (isotopic enrichment factor [ε] = −0.4 to −1.0 per ml per atomic mass unit) and results in the formation of unique crystalline Te(0) nanoarchitectures as end products. The Te(0) crystals occur internally within but mainly externally from the cells, and each microorganism forms a distinctly different structure. Those formed by Bacillus selenitireducens initially are nanorods (∼10-nm diameter by 200-nm length), which cluster together, forming larger (∼1,000-nm) rosettes composed of numerous individual shards (∼100-nm width by 1,000-nm length). In contrast, Sulfurospirillum barnesii forms extremely small, irregularly shaped nanospheres (diameter < 50 nm) that coalesce into larger composite aggregates. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicate that both biominerals are composed entirely of Te and are crystalline, while Raman spectroscopy confirms that they are in the elemental state. These Te biominerals have specific spectral signatures (UV-visible light, Raman) that also provide clues to their internal structures. The use of microorganisms to generate Te nanomaterials may be an alternative for bench-scale syntheses. Additionally, they may also generate products with unique properties unattainable by conventional physical/chemical methods.
Fast exploration of bus-based communication architectures at the CCATB abstraction

Currently, system-on-chip (SoC) designs are becoming increasingly complex, with more and more components being integrated into a single SoC design. Communication between these components is increasingly dominating critical system paths and frequently becomes the source of performance bottlenecks. It, therefore, becomes imperative for designers to explore the communication space early in the design flow. Traditionally, system designers have used Pin-Accurate Bus Cycle Accurate (PA-BCA) models for early communication space exploration. These models capture all of the bus signals and strictly maintain cycle accuracy, which is useful for reliable performance exploration but results in slow simulation speeds for complex, designs, even when they are modeled using high-level languages. Recently, there have been several efforts to use the Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM) paradigm for improving simulation performance in BCA models. However, these transaction-based BCA (T-BCA) models capture a lot of details that can be eliminated when exploring communication architectures. In this paper, we extend the TLM approach and propose a new transaction-based modeling abstraction level (CCATB) to explore the communication design space. Our abstraction level bridges the gap between the TLM and BCA levels, and yields an average performance speedup of 120&percent; over PA-BCA and 67&percent; over T-BCA models, on average. The CCATB models are not only faster to simulate, but also extremely accurate and take less time to model compared to both T-BCA and PA-BCA models. We describe the mechanisms that produce the speedup in CCATB models and also analyze how the achieved simulation speedup scales with design complexity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of using CCATB for exploration, we present communication space exploration case studies from the broadband communication and multimedia application domains.
Aldosterone Acting through the Central Nervous System Sensitizes Angiotensin Ii-induced Hypertension

S ystemic and brain renin–angiotensin–aldosterone systems (RAASs) play critical roles in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and body fluid homeostasis. In excess, the primary effectors of RAAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (Aldo), exert similar direct and indirect adverse effects on various body tissues and organs. The interactions and syner-gism between Aldo and Ang II have been studied in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). We and others have demonstrated that central infusion of a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker or Aldo synthase (AS) inhibitor attenuates hypertension induced by systemic Ang II administration. Conversely, central blockade of angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT 1-R) attenuates Aldo/salt-induced hypertension. 3,4 Moreover, intracerebroventricular infusions of low doses of Ang II increase hypothalamic Aldo 4-fold, whereas subcutaneous infusion of the same dose has no effect on plasma or hypothalamic Aldo levels in rats. 4 In rats, intracerebroventricular infusions of Aldo cause sympathetic hyperactivity, hypertension, and increased angio-tensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and AT 1-R mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. 5 Blockade of MRs in the CNS by intracerebroventricular infusion of an MR antagonist prevents sympathetic hyperactivity in Dahl salt-sensitive rats during high salt intake 6 and attenuates the upregulation of AT 1-R and ACE in the hypothalamus in rats with heart failure. 7 The sensitization of sodium appetite (ie, the ingestion of salty substances) and thirst (water drinking) has been associated with the central interactions of Aldo and Ang II. Epstein et al 10 demonstrated that a low dose of deoxycorticosterone acetate pretreatment regimen, which by itself does not produce a salt appetite, enhances the actions of Ang II so that a subsequent , subthreshold intracerebroventricular dose of Ang II triggers a robust sodium appetite. Electrophysiological studies also indicate that forebrain regions, such as median preoptic nucleus, contain neurons that rapidly sensitize in response to Ang II when animals are preconditioned with Aldo. 11 Our previous work demonstrated that a subpressor preconditioning dose of Ang II can act on the brain and sensitize the hypertensive response to a later Ang II treatment and that increased expressions of AS and MR in forebrain cardiovascular control regions are likely to mediate this enhanced pressor effect. 12 Such results prompted us to hypothesize that, in addition to Ang II, Aldo may also have Abstract—Previous studies have shown that preconditioning rats with a nonpressor dose of angiotensin II (Ang II) sensitizes the pressor response produced by later treatment …
HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks: Characteristics and Caching Opportunities

Cellular networks have witnessed the emergence of the HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) as a new video delivery method. In HAS, several qualities of the same videos are made available in the network so that clients can choose the best quality that fits their bandwidth capacity. This has particular implications on caching strategies with respect to the viewing patterns and the switching behavior between video qualities. In this paper we present analysis of a real HAS dataset collected in France and provided by the country's largest mobile phone operator. Firstly, we analyse the viewing patterns of HAS contents and the distribution of the encoding bit rates requested by mobile clients. Secondly, we give an in-depth analysis of the switching pattern between video bit rates during a video session and assess the implication on the caching efficiency. We also model this switching based on empirical observations. Finally, we propose WA-LRU a new caching algorithm tailored for HAS contents and compare it to the standard LRU. Our evaluations demonstrate that WA-LRU performs better and achieves its goals.
Parallel Data Mining for Medical Informatics

As in many fields the data deluge impacts all aspects of Life Sciences from chemistry data in PubChem; genetic sequence data through health records. This data demands analysis and mining algorithms that are both high performance and robust. Further although some of the data can be usefully viewed as points in a vector space; for others it is better just to consider relationships defined just by dissimilarities between points. We develop parallel algorithms for both pairwise (no vectors) and vector based clustering using deterministic annealing for robustness and present preliminary results on medical record and gene sequence studies. We compare MPI and threading on multicore systems with up to 24 cores on an individual system and 128 cores on an 8 node cluster. In our analysis of performance and ease of programming, we note MPI is particularly effective in MapReduce scenarios and although threading is efficient at the times when MPI needs send and receive, it can have significant synchronization overhead due to runtime fluctuations on Windows.
Journal maps, interactive overlays, and the measurement of interdisciplinarity on the basis of Scopus data (1996–2012)

Using Scopus data, we construct a global map of science based on aggregated journal–journal citations from 1996–2012 (N of journals = 20,554). This base map enables users to overlay downloads from Scopus interactively. Using a single year (e.g., 2012), results can be compared with mappings based on the Journal Citation Reports at the Web of Science (N = 10,936). The Scopus maps are more detailed at both the local and global levels because of their greater coverage, including, for example, the arts and humanities. The base maps can be interactively overlaid with journal distributions in sets downloaded from Scopus, for example, for the purpose of portfolio analysis. Rao‐Stirling diversity can be used as a measure of interdisciplinarity in the sets under study. Maps at the global and the local level, however, can be very different because of the different levels of aggregation involved. Two journals, for example, can both belong to the humanities in the global map, but participate in different specialty structures locally. The base map and interactive tools are available online (with instructions) at http://www.leydesdorff. net/scopus_ovl.
Synchronization Control of Neural Networks With State-Dependent Coefficient Matrices

This brief is concerned with synchronization control of a class of neural networks with state-dependent coefficient matrices. Being different from the existing drive-response neural networks in the literature, a novel model of drive-response neural networks is established. The concepts of uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) synchronization and convex hull Lyapunov function are introduced. Then, by using the convex hull Lyapunov function approach, the UUB synchronization design of the drive-response neural networks is proposed, and a delay-independent control law guaranteeing the bounded synchronization of the neural networks is constructed. All present conditions are formulated in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities. By comparison, it is shown that the neural networks obtained in this brief are less conservative than those ones in the literature, and the bounded synchronization is suitable for the novel drive-response neural networks. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the validity of the obtained results.
Virus-directed, enzyme prodrug therapy with nitroimidazole reductase: a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of its prodrug, CB1954.

CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide] is converted by the bacterial enzyme nitroimidazole reductase (NTR) into a potent cytotoxic bifunctional alkylating agent, which can be delivered to tumors in adenoviral vectors as virus-directed, enzyme prodrug therapy. This report summarizes a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the prodrug, CB1954. Thirty patients, ages 23-78 years (median 62 years), with predominantly gastrointestinal malignancies were treated. CB1954 was administered by i.v. injection every 3 weeks or i.p. followed by 3-weekly i.v. injections, toward a maximum of six cycles. The dose was escalated from 3 to 37.5 mg/m2. No significant toxicity was seen until 24 mg/m2 (recommended i.v. dose). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were diarrhea and hepatic toxicity, seen at 37.5 mg/m2. DLT has not been observed at the current i.p. dose of 24 mg/m2. There was no alopecia, marrow suppression, or nephrotoxicity. Clearance data suggest hepatic metabolism, and <5% of CB1954 was renally excreted. There was a nonlinear relationship between i.v. dose and area under the curve (AUC). At the recommended i.v. dose of 24 mg/m2, the AUC was 5.8 microM/h. Intraperitoneal administration (24 mg/m2) achieved an AUC of 387 microM/h, giving a considerable regional advantage. In vitro, the AUC required to achieve the IC50 for CB1954, in NTR-expressing cancer cells, ranges from 10-50 microM/h. Thus, CB1954 is well tolerated at a dose of 24 mg/m2, and sufficient serum/peritoneal levels are achieved for an enzyme-prodrug approach to be feasible. We are now conducting a Phase I trial combining adenovirus-mediated NTR and i.v. CB1954 (24 mg/m2) in patients with primary and secondary liver tumors.
Phase I/II study of sorafenib and temsirolimus for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) (NABTC 05-02).

2006 Background: The activity of targeted molecular therapy with single agents has been disappointing in GBM. Combination therapy simultaneously targeting both the PI3k/Akt/mTOR and the MAP kinase pathway may be more effective. METHODS The North American Brain Tumor Consortium conducted a phase I/II study of sorafenib (VEGFR/PDGFR/Raf inhibitor) in combination with temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) in recurrent GBM. Eligibility criteria included histologically proven GBM, radiologic progression, > 18 years old, KPS > 60, adequate bone marrow reserve, and organ function. There was no limit on the number of prior relapses for phase I and no more than two prior relapses for phase II. No enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs were allowed. Dose-finding used a standard 3 + 3 design with the MTD defined as the dose with DLTs in 1/6 or fewer patients. The primary endpoint for the phase II component was PFS6 (p0 = 15%; p1 = 35%). A 2-stage design was used. If > 4 of the initial 19 patients achieved PFS6, an additional 14 patients would be accrued for a total of 33 patients. RESULTS In phase I, 13 patients were enrolled. Median age was 50 years (32-59); median prior chemotherapy 1 (1-3). The initial doses were sorafenib 200 mg bid and temsirolimus 25 mg intravenously once weekly. The MTD was 400 mg bid of sorafenib daily combined with 25 mg of temsirolimus weekly. At this dose 1/6 patients had a DLT (grade 3 thrombocytopenia). Other grade 3 or 4 toxicities included transaminitis, hypophosphatemia, fatigue, diarrhea, and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacokinetic data were similar to that for single agent sorafenib and temsirolimus suggesting that there were no significant interaction between the two drugs. In phase II, 19 patients were accrued to stage I. Median age 50 years (24-64); median prior relapses 1 (range 1-2). One patient was found not to have GBM on central review. No patient remained progression free at 6 months, although two patients stopped treatment prior to 26 weeks for other than progression (alternative therapy, cerebral ischemia). As result, the study was terminated and did not proceed to the second stage. CONCLUSIONS The combination of sorafenib and temsirolimus was moderately well-tolerated but did not demonstrate sufficient efficacy in recurrent GBM to warrant further investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Secret Battle: Emotional Survival in the Great War

What did home mean to British soldiers and how did it help them to cope with the psychological strains of the Great War? Family relationships lie at the heart of this book. It explores the contribution letters and parcels from home played in maintaining the morale of this largely young, amateur army. And it shows how soldiers, in their turn, sought to adapt domestic habits to the trenches. Pursuing the unconscious clues within a rich collection of letters and memoirs with the help of psychoanalytical ideas, including those formulated by the veteran tank commander Wilfred Bion, this study asks fundamental questions about the psychological resources of this generation of young men. It reveals how the extremities of battle exposed the deepest emotional ties of childhood, and went on marking the post-war domestic lives of those who returned.