Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Albuminoid Genes: Evolving at the Interface of Dispensability and Selection

The albuminoid gene family comprises vitamin D-binding protein (GC), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), afamin (AFM), and albumin (ALB). Albumin is the most abundant human serum protein, and, as the other family members, acts as a transporter of endogenous and exogenous substances including thyroxine, fatty acids, and drugs. Instead, the major cargo of GC is 25-hydroxyvitamin D. We performed an evolutionary study of albuminoid genes and we show that ALB evolved adaptively in mammals. Most positively selected sites are located within albumin-binding sites for fatty acids and thyroxine, as well as at the contact surface with neonatal Fc receptor. Positive selection was also detected for residues forming the prostaglandin-binding pocket. Adaptation to hibernation/torpor might explain the signatures of episodic positive selection we detected for few mammalian lineages. Application of a population genetics–phylogenetics approach showed that purifying selection represented a major force acting on albuminoid genes in both humans and chimpanzees, with the strongest constraint observed for human GC. Population genetic analysis revealed that GC was also the target of locally exerted selective pressure, which drove the frequency increase of different haplotypes in distinct human populations. A search for known variants that modulate GC and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations revealed linkage disequilibrium with positively selected variants, although European and Asian major GC haplotypes carry alleles with reported opposite effect on GC concentration. Data herein indicate that albumin, an extremely abundant housekeeping protein, was the target of pervasive and episodic selection in mammals, whereas GC represented a selection target during the recent evolution of human populations.
Oct4 Is Required ∼E7.5 for Proliferation in the Primitive Streak

Oct4 is a widely recognized pluripotency factor as it maintains Embryonic Stem (ES) cells in a pluripotent state, and, in vivo, prevents the inner cell mass (ICM) in murine embryos from differentiating into trophectoderm. However, its function in somatic tissue after this developmental stage is not well characterized. Using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase and floxed alleles of Oct4, we investigated the effect of depleting Oct4 in mouse embryos between the pre-streak and headfold stages, ∼E6.0–E8.0, when Oct4 is found in dynamic patterns throughout the embryonic compartment of the mouse egg cylinder. We found that depletion of Oct4 ∼E7.5 resulted in a severe phenotype, comprised of craniorachischisis, random heart tube orientation, failed turning, defective somitogenesis and posterior truncation. Unlike in ES cells, depletion of the pluripotency factors Sox2 and Oct4 after E7.0 does not phenocopy, suggesting that ∼E7.5 Oct4 is required within a network that is altered relative to the pluripotency network. Oct4 is not required in extraembryonic tissue for these processes, but is required to maintain cell viability in the embryo and normal proliferation within the primitive streak. Impaired expansion of the primitive streak occurs coincident with Oct4 depletion ∼E7.5 and precedes deficient convergent extension which contributes to several aspects of the phenotype.
The relationship between thinking and driving styles and their contribution to young driver road safety

This thesis explores the relationship between thinking and driving styles and their contribution to young driver road safety. In doing so, it aspires to strengthen the focus on road safety instead of road unsafety. Although the majority of literature on traffic safety concentrates on crashes, crash risk, and aberrant driving behaviour, this research concentrates on people and safe driving styles. In other words, this study is undertaken from a positive point of view, and it presents and uses the first positive definition of road safety. Young drivers are overrepresented in traffic fatalities, and they have been at the centre of many crash focused studies. However, although the number of young driver deaths has been reduced in the past decade Norton 2010a), young drivers still represent 25% of the road related deaths, but make up only 15% of the licensed drivers (Department of Infrastructure Transport Regional Development and Local Government 2009). It seems that past research, the majority of which is negatively focused on crashes and aberrant driving behaviour, has not yet led to a satisfactory improvement of young driver road safety. This study, therefore, focuses on young drivers' safety from a positive perspective. Mixed methodology is used to find an answer to the main research question Can knowledge of thinking and driving styles contribute to young driver road safety? , using self-report questionnaires and group interviews with young drivers. The thesis examines the relationship between young drivers' thinking and driving styles, emphasising patient and careful driving. The traffic safety literature and the parallel literature on thinking styles is used to get a better understanding of the construct of driving style, and what driving style means to young drivers themselves. It argues that thinking and driving styles can both be regarded as intellectual styles and a model for the development of driving styles is proposed. The findings from this research have implications for driver training content as well as for driver training execution. vi | P a g e vii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Working on a PhD thesis is a perilous undertaking because it confronts the candidate with several of their hidden fears, anxieties, and worries, and unveils the enormous amount of things one does not know. At the same time it unleashes lots of creativity, stimulates the brain, breeds stamina, and opens up whole new worlds of knowledge. This makes the road to completion a rocky one, with …
Dysregulated Expression of Adamalysin-Thrombospondin Genes in Human Breast Carcinoma

The adamalysin-thrombospondin (ADAMTS) proteinases are a relatively newly described branch of the metzincin family that contain metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and thrombospondin motifs. They have been implicated in various cellular events, including cleavage of proteoglycans, extracellular matrix degradation, inhibition of angiogenesis, gonadal development, and organogenesis. However, in many cases, their normal physiological roles and their potential for dysregulation in malignancy remain to be established. The expression profile of ADAMTS1–20 in human breast carcinoma was undertaken by real-time PCR using RNA isolated from malignant tumors, nonneoplastic mammary tissue, and breast cancer cell lines to identify altered regulation that may have potential pathogenetic and prognostic significance. Our studies show that seven of the ADAMTS genes (ADAMTS1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 18) are consistently down-regulated in breast carcinomas with respect to nonneoplastic mammary tissue, irrespective of the heterogeneity of the samples and the tumor type or grade (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001 for each gene). Conversely, ADAMTS4, 6, 14, and 20 are consistently up-regulated in breast carcinomas (P = 0.005, P < 0.0001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.001, respectively). ADAMTS2, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19 show no significant difference between the sample types. ADAMTS1, 2, 7, 8, 10, and 12 are expressed predominantly in stromal fibroblasts. ADAMTS3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 13–20 inclusive are expressed predominantly in myoepithelial cells; all appear to be relatively poorly expressed in luminal epithelial cells. ADAMTS15 has emerged as being an independent predictor of survival, with RNA expression levels significantly lower (P = 0.007) in grade 3 breast carcinoma compared with grade 1 and 2 breast carcinoma.
To Adopt or Not to Adopt - That is the Question

The area of adoption and diffusion has had a strong pro-innovation bias (Brancheau and Wetherbe 1990; Parthasarathy and Bhattacherjee 1998; Ram 1987; Venkatesh and Brown 2001). This bias has resulted in somewhat of a neglect of the area of non-adoption. Existing theories including TAM (Davis 1989) and the innovation diffusion theory (Rogers 1983) provide critical insights into technology usage. However, the factors that facilitate technology adoption are not necessarily the same as those affecting non-adoption. This paper examines the non-adoption phenomenon and presents the case that the category of non-adopts refers to a complex subset of individuals. Characterizing resistance as either active or passive provides a framework for further analysis into the non-adoption phenomenon. Ultimately, the issue of non-adoption is just as critical as that of adoption.
Gestures and widgets: performance in text editing on multi-touch capable mobile devices

We describe the design and evaluation of a gestural text editing technique for touchscreen devices. The gestures are drawn on top of the soft keyboard and interpreted as commands for moving the caret, performing selections, and controlling the clipboard. Our implementation is an Android service that can be used in any text editing task on Android-based devices. We conducted an experiment to compare the gestural editing technique against the widget-based technique available on a smartphone (Samsung Galaxy II with Android 2.3.5). The results show a performance benefit of 13-24% for the gestural technique depending on the font size. Subjective feedback from the participants was also positive. Because the two editing techniques use different input areas, they can co-exist on a device. This means that the gestural editing can be added on any soft keyboard without interfering with user experience for those users that choose not to use it.
Does History Repeat Itself? Business Cycle and Industry Returns

Abstract Industries with higher historical business cycle regime Sharpe ratios (RSR) have higher regime-dependent expected returns. Conditional on whether output gap is positive or negative, an out-of-sample long-high-RSR and short-low-RSR sector rotation strategy generates 14.02% annualized alpha in Fama-French five-factor model during 1985–2014. Industry momentum and related anomalies are unlikely to be the source of alpha. Firms in long portfolios have stronger fundamentals, more upward analyst forecast revisions, and more positive forecast errors. Our results suggest that investors don’t fully incorporate business cycle variation in cash flow growth and highlight the importance of business cycle on the cross-section of industry returns.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS PADA ASPEK PENGETAHUAN DAN KOMPETENSI SAINS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI KALOR

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine students achievement of scientific literacy in the aspect of knowledge and science competence. This research used a quantitative descriptive method. Sample was 31 second grade students from one of middle schools in Bandung in academic year of 2014/2015. The instrument used was a scientific literacy test where multiple choice items of knowledge and competence aspects of heat transfer concept were constructed. The knowledge aspect consisted of five indicators in the heat transfer concept, and the competence aspect consisted of three indicators (i.e. identifying scientific isue, explaining scientific phenomena, and using scientific evidence). The result of this study showed that the average achievement of scientific literacy ability in knowledge aspect was 66.45%. This value was considered to be good which means that students had a good ability in mastery of the knowledge aspect of scientific literacy in heat transfer concept. With regards to the achievement of competence aspect of scientific literacy, data showed that two indicators, namely, identifying scientific isue and using scientific evidence, were considered to be good while the indicator of explaining scientific phenomena was sufficient. An overall conclusion was students had a good scientific literacy ability in the aspects of knowledge and science competence. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi sains siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah 31 orang siswa kelas VIII di salah satu SMP Negeri di Kota Bandung pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes literasi sains berbentuk soal pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi sains yang tercakup pada konsep kalor dan perpindahannya. Aspek pengetahuan terdiri dari lima indikator pada konsep kalor dan perpindahannya, dan aspek kompetensi terdiri dari tiga indikator (mengidentifikasi isu ilmiah, menjelaskan fenomena ilmiah, dan menggunakan bukti ilmiah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ketercapaian kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek pengetahuan sebesar 66,45%. Kategori ketercapaian cenderung baik yang mengindikasikan bahwa penguasaan aspek pengetahuan kemampuan literasi sains siswa pada materi kalor tergolong baik. Sedangkan ketercapaian aspek kompetensi kemampuan literasi sains pada dua indikator, yakni mengidentifikasi isu ilmiah dan menggunakan bukti ilmiah tergolong baik, sedangkan pada indikator menjelaskan fenomena ilmiah tergolong cukup. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa SMP memiliki kemampuan literasi sains yang baik pada aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi sains. Permalink/ DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15408/es.v8i1. 1762
Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Workers Exposed to Chemicals

Context Studies on experimental animals have shown liver is a common target of chemical carcinogens; this might suggest that occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. However, the relationship between occupation and liver cancer has not been extensively studied, with the exception of the known association between vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver. Evidence Acquisition A MEDLINE and conventional search of the past 50 years of the medical literature was performed to identify relevant articles on incidence and mechanisms of HCC due to occupational exposure to chemicals. Several important edited books and monographs were also identified and reviewed. Results While laboratory data clearly indicate that the liver is an important target of chemical carcinogenesis, epidemiological studies provide very limited evidence on occupational risk factors for HCC. Nevertheless, we found some case reports and epidemiological data showing a moderately increased risk of HCC development in people exposed to vinyl chloride, organic solvents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and arsenic. Conclusions Occupational exposure to chemicals may be another risk factor for HCC development, but the interpretation of currently available findings is limited by the small number of studies, questionable accuracy of the diagnosis of liver cancer, and potential confounding or modifying factors such as chronic hepatitis virus infection and alcohol consumption. Further relevant investigations are required for clarifying the actual contribution of occupational exposure to chemicals in HCC development.
Risk and Resilience Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Current Research

Traumatic events can occur among both the military and the civilian population and a small but clinically meaningful subset of trauma-exposed individuals develops a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Essentially, this refers to a pattern of severe negative responses in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Aim: Despite its event-based aetiology, PTSD is not exclusively and directly caused by a traumatic stressor. As a traumatic event does not invariably result in the expression of PTSD, an understanding of the antecedent conditions is paramount. In recent years, numerous studies have addressed the precipitating and preventive factors of PTSD development and revealed interesting but conflicting data. Overview: To address the discrepant results, this brief summary attempts to outline the state of research 2006 onwards. By synthesizing results from meta-analyses and systematic reviews, the present work seeks to advance our understanding of vulnerability and resilience mechanisms associated with PTSD susceptibility and expression. Conclusion: Overall, prior work has consistently implicated posttrauma stressors in the development of PTDS whereas pretrauma variables seem only weakly associated with the disorder. These findings are encouraging, since posttrauma factors might be more adjustable and modifiable than relative static demographic variables. By implication, the dynamic risk factors operating subsequent to trauma might provide an access for targeted interventions. Before extrapolating more specific implication for screening and treatment, the apparent inconsistencies in the extant literature accentuate the need for more standardized and systematic research strategy. Better insights into the predictive and protective factors of PTSD may inform the development of screening tools and preventive interventions for at-risk population.
Time-memory trade-offs for index calculus in genus 3

Abstract In this paper, we present a variant of Diem's O ˜(q)${\widetilde{O}(q)}$ index calculus algorithm to attack the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in Jacobians of genus 3 non-hyperelliptic curves over a finite field 𝔽q. We implement this new variant in C++ and study the complexity in both theory and practice, making the logarithmic factors and constants hidden in the O˜-notation precise. Our variant improves the computational complexity at the cost of a moderate increase in memory consumption, but we also improve the computational complexity even when we limit the memory usage to that of Diem's original algorithm. Finally, we examine how parallelization can help to reduce both the memory cost per computer and the running time for our algorithms.
Neuroeconomics: Infeasible and Underdetermined

Abstract: Advocates of neuroeconomics claim to offer the prospect of creating a “unified behavioral theory” by drawing upon the techniques of neuroscience and psychology and combining them with economic theory. Ostensibly, through the “direct measurement” of our thoughts, economics and social science will be “revolutionized. ” Such claims have been subject to critique from mainstream and non-mainstream economists alike. Many of these criticisms relate to measurability, relevance, and coherence. In this article, we seek to contribute to this critical examination by investigating the potential of underdetermination, such as the statement that testing involves the conjunction of auxiliary assumptions, and that consequently it may not be possible to isolate the effect of any given hypothesis. We argue that neuroeconomics is especially sensitive to issues of underdetermination. Institutional economists should be cautious of neuroeconomists’ zeal as they appear to over-interpret experimental findings and, therefore, neuroeconomics may provide a false prospectus seeking to reinforce the nostrums of homo economicus.
Isolation of human antibodies against the central DNA binding domain of p53 from an individual with colorectal cancer using antibody phage display.

PURPOSE Serum anti-p53 antibodies are detected in approximately 30% of patients with cancer, and most of these antibodies are directed against the NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of p53. The aim of this study was to identify individuals with serum reactivity against the central and COOH-terminal domains of p53 and to isolate and characterize these recombinant human antibodies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The serum of individuals with colorectal cancer was screened for the presence of anti-p53 antibodies. Antibody phage display libraries were constructed from four immunoreactive individuals, and the libraries were panned against the central and COOH-terminal domains of p53. RESULTS An antibody fragment (1159.8) that was specific for the whole molecule as well as the central domain was isolated from one of the libraries. The serum from the original individual inhibited the binding of this Fab fragment to p53, thus indicating that the antibody reflected the specificity of the in vivo immune response. The VL and VH genes from Fab 1159.8 matched germ-line genes from the VH3 and VK2 families, respectively. Competition analysis with monoclonal antibodies showed that Fab binding could be inhibited most effectively with DO11 and, to a lesser extent, Pab240, indicating an epitope within or adjacent to residues 181-190 of p53. CONCLUSIONS The successful isolation of this human anticentral domain Fab provides additional insight into the nature and specificity of the tumor-specific immune response. This antibody could be used as a reagent for functional studies of p53, or it may be a candidate for use as an anticancer idiotypic vaccine.
Need for Scale and Alliance Formation: Collaborative versus Autonomous Production of Aircraft, 1949-2000

Research on alliance formation has focused to a large extent on resource complementarity between large, established incumbents and innovative start-ups as the main driver of collaboration, without contrasting the alliance option with autonomous production. Transaction cost economics, on the other hand, has examined the transaction-level determinants of the choice between internalization and externalization, ignoring for the most part the cooperative alternative. Building on these two literatures, we focus, in this paper, on firm-level factors that lead incumbents to choose between developing, manufacturing and commercializing a new product independently and doing it in cooperation with other incumbents. This focus leads us to emphasize resource additivity (i.e. scale) as one of the main drivers of the governance choice and thus view cooperation as a result of resource needs rather than resource availability. Our model not only takes into consideration the attractiveness of cooperation for accessing resources and reaching a critical mass, but also its costs and risks which cooperation experience reduces. Findings from a sample of 186 new products in the worldwide aircraft industry confirm our hypotheses, showing that aircraft manufacturers are more likely to form scale alliances rather than to autonomously undertake a new aircraft project when their resource endowment is weak and their collaborative experience is high. These findings contribute to the alliance formation research as well as to an emerging literature on project governance choices.
CMR in Heart Failure

Heart Failure (HF) is a common syndrome with multiple causes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a medical imaging technique with significant advantages, allowing the understanding of aetiology and pathophysiology of HF in the individual patient, permitting specific therapy to be administered and predicting prognosis. This paper discusses the diverse role of CMR in HF.
Measurement of Unemployment

Measures of unemployment tally people without a job who are looking for one. For measurement purposes, the critical question is what constitutes looking. This article summarizes how unemployment is measured in the United States and Europe, and describes recent research investigating the permeability of the dividing line between the unemployed and marginally attached subgroups of those out of the labor market. A continuum between unemployed and entirely inactive individuals indicates that measures beyond unemployment may be useful in judging the state of the labor market.