Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cooperative Roles of Two Kinetoplastid-Specific Kinesins in Cytokinesis and in Maintaining Cell Morphology in Bloodstream Trypanosomes

The cytoskeleton of Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular eukaryote and a parasitic protozoan, is defined by the subpellicular microtubule corset that is arranged underneath the plasma membrane. We recently identified two orphan kinesins, TbKIN-C and TbKIN-D, that cooperate to regulate the organization of the subpellicular microtubule corset and thereby maintain cell morphology in the procyclic form of T. brucei. In this report, we characterize the function of TbKIN-C and TbKIN-D in the bloodstream form of T. brucei and investigate their functional cooperation in both the bloodstream and procyclic forms. TbKIN-C and TbKIN-D form a tight complex in vivo in the bloodstream form. TbKIN-C is strongly enriched at the posterior tip of the cell, whereas TbKIN-D is distributed throughout the cell body at all cell cycle stages. RNAi of TbKIN-C or TbKIN-D in the bloodstream form inhibits cell proliferation and leads to cell death, due to cytokinesis defects. RNAi of TbKIN-C and TbKIN-D also results in defects in basal body segregation, but does not affect the synthesis and segregation of the flagellum and the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament. Knockdown of TbKIN-C and TbKIN-D does not disrupt the organization of the subpellicular microtubule corset, but produces multinucleated cells with an enlarged flagellar pocket and misplaced flagella. Interestingly, depletion of TbKIN-C results in rapid degradation of TbKIN-D and, similarly, knockdown of TbKIN-C destabilizes TbKIN-D, suggesting that formation of TbKIN-C/TbKIN-D complex stabilizes both kinesins and is required for the two kinesins to execute their essential cellular functions. Altogether, our results demonstrate the essential role of the two kinesins in cell morphogenesis and cytokinesis in the bloodstream form and the requirement of heteromeric complex formation for maintaining the stability of the two kinesins.
Agreement on Target-bidirectional Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation (NMT) with recurrent neural networks, has proven to be an effective technique for end-to-end machine translation. However, in spite of its promising advances over traditional translation meth-ods, it typically suffers from an issue of unbalanced outputs, that arise from both the nature of recurrent neural networks themselves, and the challenges inherent in machine translation. To overcome this issue, we propose an agreement model for neural machine translation and show its effectiveness on large-scale Japanese-to-English and Chinese-to-English translation tasks. Our results show the model can achieve improvements of up to 1.4 B LEU over the strongest baseline NMT system. With the help of an ensemble technique, this new end-to-end NMT approach ﬁnally outperformed phrase-based and hierarchical phrase-based Moses baselines by up to 5.6 B LEU points.
Analisis Kemampuan Awal Multi Level Representasi Mahasiswa Tingkat I pada Konsep Reaksi Redoks

Abstract: Analysis of students’ initial ability before teaching the chemistry concept are very important to determine the correct techniques in learning concept. The objectives of this study was to identify the first year students’ initial ability to describe and explain redox reactions concept using macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representation. This study applies pre-experimental research design involving a group of subjects. The diagnostic instrument consists of 15 items two-tier multiple choice and 2 items essay. Data were analyzed descriptively by tabulating students’ answers of each question. The results showed that the first year students’ initial understanding to the redox reactions concept was very low. Students have not been able to describe and explain the observed redox reactions (macroscopic) in terms of the atoms, molecules and ions that were involved in the reactions. This results also indicated the first year students’ symbolic and microscopic understanding very limited and only 2.9 % of students were able to make the connection between macroscopic observations, symbolic and submicroscopic representation . Keywords: Initial ability, Redox reaction, Multiple levels of representation Abstrak: Analisis tingkat pemahaman awal mahasiswa sebelum mengajarkan konsep kimia sangat penting agar dapat menentukan teknik yang tepat dalam pembelajaran konsep. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan awal mahasiswa tingkat I dalam mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan konsep reaksi redoks menggunakan representasi makroskopik, submikroskopik dan simbolik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra-eksperimental dengan melibatkan satu kelompok subjek. Instrumen tes terdiri dari 15 soal two tier dan 2 soal essay. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan mentabulasikan jawaban mahasiswa untuk masing-masing item soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman awal mahasiswa tingkat I terhadap konsep reaksi redoks masih tergolong sangat rendah. Mahasiswa belum mampu mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan hasil pengamatan reaksi redoks (makroskopik) dalam bentuk atom, molekul, dan ion yang terlibat dalam reaksi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemahaman simbolik dan submikroskopik mahasiswa tingkat I masih sangat terbatas dan hanya 2,9% mahasiswa yang mampu membuat hubungan antara pengamatan makroskopik, representasi simbolik dan gambaran submikroskopik. Kata kunci: Kemampuan awal, Reaksi redoks, Multi level representasi
Increasing Memory Utilization with Transient Memory Scheduling

In addition to predictability, both reliability and security are increasingly important for embedded systems. To limit the scope of errant behavior in open and mixed criticality systems, a common approach is to raise isolation barriers between software components. However, this decentralizes memory management across all system components. Memory is often cached and quickly accessible in each application. This paper introduces the TMEM system for increasing memory utilization while optimizing for application end-to-end constraints such as meeting deadlines. In addition to the traditional spatial multiplexing of memory, TMEM introduces the predictable temporal multiplexing of memory within caches in a system component, and memory scheduling to continually reallocate memory between components to best benefit the system. We find that TMEM is able to maintain the efficiency of caches, while also lowering both task tardiness and system memory requirements.
ACUTE IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE

Acute immune complex disease (serum sickness) in rabbits may be induced by a single large, intravenous injection of an antigen, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). I When the animal mounts an immune response against the antigen and synthesizes antibodies, immune complexes between antibody and antigen form and circulate in the blood. Deposition of these complexes in blood vessel walls initiates the characteristic glomerulonephritis and vasculitis. The deposition is associated with increased vascular permeability (6, 7) and can be prevented by administration of antagonists of histamine and serotonin or by depletion of the circulating platelets (22). These observations led to the suggestion that release of vasoactive materials from platelets might cause the increased vascular permeability and that immune complexes above a certain minimum size (19S) would then become trapped along the filtering basement membranes (8, 9). In order to examine further this hypothesis, immunological mechanisms of release of vasoactive amines from platelets were sought in vitro which might describe the events taking place in vivo leading to deposition of the circulating complexes. To date, four immunologic mechanisms have been found which result in release of histamine and serotonin from rabbit platelets (15, 18, 20). Three of these mechanisms apparently require activation of the complement sequence by immune complexes, i.e., at least through the third component. Immune adherence of the platelets to a complex consisting of antibody and particulate antigens resulted in release of vasoactive amines by a process requiring active participation and energy metabolism on the part of the platelet. Not all of the complement components were involved, and lysis of the platelets did not occur. Immune adherence to immune complexes (in antibody excess) with soluble antigens in the presence of serum resulted in lysis of the platelets and release of their constituents. This probably resulted from the lytic action of terminal comple-
Variations in Ageing in Home and Ageing in Neighbourhood

ABSTRACT This paper takes a new approach to investigating people who age in place. It provides an explanation for why people age in a place that can be useful in government and corporate planning. Our research investigates the principal factors that drive the decision of a rising number of older Australians to age in place. Many older people wish to age in place rather than move in with their children or be institutionalised. They wish to continue to be active in their local communities and maintain their existing social ties. The concept of ageing in place covers two distinct groups: those who are able to stay in their current dwellings and age in home and those who move house but remain in their local community and age in neighbourhood. Age-friendly home modification is a response to ageing in home, whereas the provision of institutional healthcare and the provision of age-suitable housing to facilitate downsizing are associated with ageing in neighbourhood. Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data, this research examines the mobility decisions of older Australians and identifies the major determinants of a decision to age in place. This research argues for a better understanding of ageing in place, differentiating between those ageing in home and those ageing in neighbourhood.
Evolutionary behavior verification to the trustworthy banking software

Oriented to the goal of high-quality banking softwares, trustworthiness is emerging to be important property. This paper studies how to apply formal methods into the trustworthy property preservation of evolutionary components, focusing on the safety property of the concurrent software behavior, this paper presents a new approach to curb the state explosion problem in the model checking based trustworthiness verification. By adopting the environment reduction paradigm, our method is able to reduce the global states of the system by hiding the internal actions of the environment that does not join in the interleaving composition. The method presented is proved and testified with a bank software case study. Experiment data shows that our method is able to improve the verification efficiency.
How to Evaluate Adenomyosis in Patients Affected by Endometriosis?

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate adenomyosis in patients undergoing surgery for different type of endometriosis. It is an observational study including women with preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis. Demographic data and symptoms were recorded (age, body mass index, parity, history of previous surgery, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia, dysuria, and abnormal uterine bleeding). Moreover a particular endometrial shape “question mark sign” linked to the presence of adenomyosis was assessed. Results. From 217 patients with ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis, we found 73 with ovarian histological confirmation of endometriosis, 92 with deep infiltrating endometriosis, and 52 patients who underwent surgery for infertility. Women with adenomyosis alone represented the oldest group of patients (37.8 ± 5.18 years, P = 0.02). Deep endometriosis patients were nulliparous more frequently (P < 0.0001), had history of previous surgery (P = 0.004), and complained of more intense pain symptoms than other groups. Adenomyosis alone was significantly associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (P < 0.0001). The question mark sign was found to be strongly related to posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis (P = 0.01). Conclusion. Our study confirmed the strong relationship between adenomyosis and endometriosis and evaluated demographic aspects and symptoms in patients affected by different type of endometriosis.
Nonlinear parent action and dual gravity

We give a reformulation of nonlinear Einstein gravity, which contains the dual graviton together with the ordinary metric and a shift-gauge field. The metric does not enter through a "kinetic'' Einstein-Hilbert term, but via topological couplings, and so the theory does not lead to a doubling of degrees of freedom. The field equations take the form of first-order duality relations. We analyze the gauge symmetries and comment on their meaning with regard to the E(11) proposal.
Statistical Significance of Coincident Spikes: Count-Based Versus Rate-Based Statistics

Inspired by different conceptualizations of temporal neural coding schemes, there has been recent interest in the search for signs of precisely synchronized neural activity in the cortex. One method developed for this task is unitary-event analysis. This method tests multiple single-neuron recordings for short epochs with significantly more coincident spikes than expected from independent neurons. We reformulated the statistical test underlying this method using a coincidence count distribution based on empirical spike counts rather than on estimated spike probabilities. In the case of two neurons, the requirement of stationary firing rates, originally imposed on both neurons, can be relaxed; only the rate of one neuron needs to be stationary, while the other may follow an arbitrary time course. By analytical calculations of the test power curves of the original and the revised method, we demonstrate that the test power can be increased by a factor of two or more in physiologically realistic regimes. In addition, we analyze the effective significance levels of both methods for neural firing rates ranging between 0.2 Hz and 30 Hz.
Social Media and Their Affordances for Organizing: A Review and Agenda for Research

Social media—computer-mediated tools of the Web 2.0 generation that make it possible for anyone to create, circulate, share, and exchange information in a variety of formats and with multiple communities—have become increasingly widespread in today’s organizations. Social media have started to affect multiple organizational phenomena and processes. This article pursues three interrelated goals. First, it provides a theoretical framework, based upon the concept of affordances, to theorize the potential implications of social media use for organizing. Second, it reviews existing scholarship on social media and organizing, highlighting social media diffusion, use, and implications for organizational processes of communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Third, it relies upon the affordance perspective and existing scholarship to articulate an agenda for future research on social media and organizing, advocating for a diversification of the phenomena under study and for greater diversity and innovativeness in the methodological approaches devised to investigate these phenomena.
Exploiting Spore-Autonomous Fluorescent Protein Expression to Quantify Meiotic Chromosome Behaviors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a rich source of information about the mechanisms and regulation of homologous recombination during meiosis. A common technique for studying this process involves microdissecting the four products (ascospores) of a single meiosis and analyzing the configuration of genetic markers in the spores that are viable. Although this type of analysis is powerful, it can be laborious and time-consuming to characterize the large numbers of meioses needed to generate statistically robust data sets. Moreover, the reliance on viable (euploid) spores has the potential to introduce selection bias, especially when analyzing mutants with elevated frequencies of meiotic chromosome missegregation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a versatile, portable set of reporter constructs that drive fluorescent protein expression specifically in only those spores that inherit the reporter. These spore-autonomous fluorescence constructs allow direct visualization of inheritance patterns in intact tetrads, eliminating the need for microdissection and permitting meiotic segregation patterns to be ascertained even in aneuploid spores. As proof of principle, we demonstrate how different arrangements of reporters can be used to quantify crossover frequency, crossover interference, gene conversion, crossover/noncrossover ratios, and chromosome missegregation.
Mortality Associated with Implantation and Management of Intrathecal Opioid Drug Infusion Systems to Treat Noncancer Pain

Background:In 2006, the authors observed a cluster of three deaths, which circumstances suggested were opioid-related, within 1 day after placement of intrathecal opioid pumps for noncancer pain. Further investigation suggested that mortality among such patients was higher than previously appreciated. The authors performed investigations to quantify that mortality and compare the results to control populations, including spinal cord stimulation and low back surgery. Methods:After analyzing nine index cases–three sentinel cases and six identified by a prospective strategy–the authors used epidemiological methods to investigate whether mortality rates reflected patient- or therapy-related differences. Mortality rates after intrathecal opioid therapy and spinal cord stimulation were derived by correlating Medtronic device registration data with deidentified data from the Social Security Death Master File. Aggregate demographic and comorbidity data were obtained from Medicare and United Healthcare population databases to examine the influence of demographics and comorbidities on mortality. Results:Device registration and Social Security analyses revealed an intrathecal opioid therapy mortality rate of 0.088% at 3 days after implantation, 0.39% at 1 month, and 3.89% at 1 yr–a higher mortality than after spinal cord stimulation implants or after lumbar diskectomy in community hospitals. Demographic, illness profile, and mortality analyses of large databases suggest, despite limitations, that excess mortality was related to intrathecal opioid therapy, and could not be fully explained by other factors. These findings were consistent with the nine index cases that revealed that respiratory arrest caused or contributed to death in all patients. No device malfunctions associated with overinfusion were identified among cases where data were available. Conclusions:Patients with noncancer pain treated with intrathecal opioid therapy experience increased mortality compared to similar patients treated by using other therapies. Respiratory depression as a consequence of intrathecal drug overdosage or mixed intrathecal and systemic drug interactions is one plausible, but hypothetical mechanism. The exact causes for patient deaths and the proportion of those deaths attributable to intrathecal opioid therapy remain to be determined. These findings, although based on incomplete information, suggest that it may be possible to reduce mortality in noncancer intrathecal opioid therapy patients.
Shock fragmentation model for gravitational collapse

A cloud of gas collapsing under gravity will fragment. We present a new theory for this process, in which layers of shocked gas fragment due to their gravitational instability. Our model explains why angular momentum does not inhibit the collapse process. The theory predicts that the fragmentation process produces objects which are significantly smaller than most stars, implying that accretion onto the fragments plays an essential role in determining the initial masses of stars. This prediction is also consistent with the hypothesis that planets can be produced by gravitational collapse.
TRAINING NOVICES TO DETECT DECEPTION IN ORAL NARRATIVES AND EXCHANGES - PART II

This research was conducted to identify a limited set of indicators of truthfulness and deception in oral narratives and exchanges, as well as to train novices to use the indicators. Participants attempted to judge whether a storyteller in a video was being truthful or deceptive about an autobiographical event. The narrative story was followed by a brief question and answer period with an interviewer. Differences in verbal, vocal, and behavioral components were quantified and were used as training materials. With limited training on the indicators, laypersons improved their rate of accuracy relative to a control group by accurately detecting more of the false stories. This improvement in performance was associated with a significant shift toward reliance on verbal indicators of deception rather than vocal and behavior indicators. Practical implications for detecting deception and implementing training protocols are discussed.
Thioperamide, antagonist of histamine H3 receptors, increases brain production of kynurenic acid

Brain histamine plays the role of neuromodulator and neurotransmitter in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antagonist of the glycine site within the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, and of nicotinic α7 receptors in the brain of mammals. Here, we report that thioperamide, H 3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist is capable of increasing KYNA synthesis in vitro. The eff ective concentrations were within the range of 0.25-1.0 mM in rat brain cortical slices, and 50-100 μM in mixed glial cultures. An inhibitor of protein kinase A, KT 5720 (0.5 μM) prevented the stimulatory eff ect of 0.5 mM thioperamide. Thioperamide also increased the activity of KYNA biosynthetic enzyme, KAT I, but not of KAT II. The above data suggest that the neuroprotective action of thioperamide may, at least in part, depend on an enhanced synthesis of KYNA.
STG-level decomposition and resynthesis of speed-independent circuits

This paper presents a time-efficient method for the decomposition and resynthesis of speed-independent (SI) circuits. Given the specification of an SI circuit, our method first generates its standard C implementation. Then, the combinational decomposition is performed to decompose each high-fanin gate that does not exist in the gate library into some available low-fanin gates. The time efficiency of our method is achieved in two ways. First, the signal transition graph (STG), whose complexity is polynomial in the worst case, is adopted as our input specification. Second, to reduce the resynthesis cycles, which constitute a major part of the run time, our method first investigates the hazard-free decomposition of each high-fanin gate without adding any signals. Then, for those gates that cannot be decomposed hazard free, two signal-adding methods constructed at the STG level are developed for resynthesis. This decomposition and resynthesis process is iterated until all high-fanin gates are successfully decomposed or no solution can be found. Several experiments on asynchronous benchmarks show that our method largely reduces run time with only a little more area expense when compared with previous work.
Optimal Hedging When the Underlying Asset Follows a Regime-Switching Markov Process

We develop a flexible discrete-time hedging methodology that minimizes the expected value of any desired penalty function of the hedging error within a general regime-switching framework. A numerical algorithm based on backward recursion allows for the sequential construction of an optimal hedging strategy. Numerical experiments comparing this and other methodologies show a relative expected penalty reduction ranging between 0.9% and 12.6% with respect to the best benchmark.