Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Refinement and factor structure confirmation of the Inventory of Therapist Work with Client Assets and Strengths (IT-WAS)

ABSTRACT Strength-oriented practices and an emphasis on the positive characteristics of clients is a grounding value in United States Counseling Psychology. However, few efforts have, historically, been undertaken to empirically substantiate both the importance of strength-oriented practice and its relationship to outcome. The Inventory of Therapist Work with Client Assets and Strengths (IT-WAS) is one such measure developed to assess the importance therapists ascribe to being strength-oriented. However, the scale, originally developed with 38-items, has not been subjected to additional psychometric testing to confirm its factor structure and foster response efficiency. Our purpose was to apply Rasch Item Response Theory (IRT) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) tests to further substantiate the psychometric properties of the scale. Using a data set of mental health professionals responses (N = 380) to measures about their clinical work, we refined the scale, resulting in a 19-item revision with a new 5-point response scale. We refer to this scale as the IT-WAS-R. CFA led to confirmation of the original factor structure with the revised scale. Findings are discussed in light of the psychometric steps taken and the value of assessing therapists’ work with clients’ strengths both clinically and in training.
From the Cover : A force-dependent state controls the coordination of processive myosin V

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Point mutations in topoisomerase I alter the mutation spectrum in E. coli and impact the emergence of drug resistance genotypes

Identifying the molecular mechanisms that give rise to genetic variation is essential for the understanding of evolutionary processes. Previously, we have used adaptive laboratory evolution to enable biomass synthesis from CO2 in E. coli. Genetic analysis of adapted clones from two independently evolving populations revealed distinct enrichment for insertion and deletion mutational events. Here, we follow these observations to show that mutations in the gene encoding for DNA Topoisomerase 1 (topA) give rise to mutator phenotypes with characteristic mutational spectra. Using genetic assays and mutation accumulation lines, we show that point mutations in topA increase the rate of sequence deletion and duplication events. Interestingly, we observe that a single residue substitution (R168C) results in a high rate of head-to-tail (tandem) short sequence duplications, which are independent of existing sequence repeats. Finally, we show that the unique mutation spectrum of topA mutants enhances the emergence of antibiotic resistance in comparison to mismatch-repair (mutS) mutators, and lead to new resistance genotypes. Our findings highlight a potential link between the catalytic activity of topoisomerases and the fundamental question regarding the emergence of de novo tandem repeats, which are known modulators of bacterial evolution.
Inequality and Property Crime: Does Absolute Inequality Matter?

Economic crime models and the social strain theory argue that income inequality can foster property crime, yet empirical studies do not provide strong support for this relationship across countries. An important limitation of these studies is that they only consider relative inequality measures and omit absolute ones. Absolute inequality can have a crime-inducing effect for two main reasons: First, the potential monetary returns from crime can be expected to depend on the interaction between relative income inequality and mean income. Second, higher levels of absolute inequality imply that the economic elite can capture institutions in ways that can make them dysfunctional for society as a whole. This article finds that, in contrast to relative inequality, absolute inequality is a robust and statistically significant determinant of violent property crime rates for a sample of up to 59 developed and developing countries.
Antipsychotic Medication Prescribing Practices Among Adult Patients Discharged From State Psychiatric Inpatient Hospitals

Objectives: The goal of this study was to explore antipsychotic medication prescribing practices in a sample of 86,034 patients discharged from state psychiatric inpatient hospitals and to find the prevalence of patients discharged with no antipsychotic medications, on antipsychotic monotherapy, and on antipsychotic polypharmacy. For patients discharged on antipsychotic polypharmacy, the study explored the adjusted rates of antipsychotic polypharmacy, the reasons patients were discharged on antipsychotic polypharmacy, the proportion of antipsychotic polypharmacy by mental health disorder, and the characteristics associated with being discharged on antipsychotic polypharmacy. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed all discharges for adult patients (18 to 64 y of age) from state psychiatric inpatient hospitals between January 1 and December 31, 2011. The relationship among variables was explored using &khgr;2, t test, and analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Results: The prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy was 12%. Of the discharged patients receiving at least 1 antipsychotic medication (adjusted rate), 18% were on antipsychotic polypharmacy. The strongest predictors of antipsychotic polypharmacy being prescribed were having a diagnosis of schizophrenia and a length of stay of 90 days or more. Patients were prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy primarily to reduce their symptoms. Conclusions: Antipsychotic polypharmacy continues at a high enough rate to affect nearly 10,000 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia each year in state psychiatric inpatient hospitals. Further analysis of the clinical presentation of these patients may highlight particular aspects of the illness and its previous treatment that are contributing to practices outside the best-practice guideline. An increased understanding of trend data, patient characteristics, and national benchmarks provides an opportunity for decision-making that is sensitive to the patient’s needs and cognizant of the hospital’s accomplishments in adopting best practices.
Scientists who engage with society perform better academically

Most scientific institutions acknowledge the importance of opening the so-called ‘ivory tower’ of academic research through popularization, industrial collaboration or teaching. However, little is known about the actual openness of scientific institutions and how their proclaimed priorities translate into concrete measures. This paper gives an idea of some actual practices by studying three key points: the proportion of researchers who are active in wider dissemination, the academic productivity of these scientists, and the institutional recognition of their wider dissemination activities in terms of their careers. We analyze extensive data about the academic production, career recognition and teaching or public/industrial outreach of several thousand of scientists, from many disciplines, from France's Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. We find that, contrary to what is often suggested, scientists active in wider dissemination are also more active academically. However, their dissemination activities have almost no impact (positive or negative) on their careers. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Self Controls Brain Activity by Interacting with Prefrontal Cortex: fMRI Study in Normalcy and Psychiatric Disorders

The relationship among self, mind and brain is not clearly known. Self’s subjective experiences of perception and cognition of words, feelings, thoughts etc. is supported by the integrity of human brain. The relationship between the self and the human brain activity is not understood. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the neural correlate of consciousness is located in certain parts of the corticothalamic system. However, it is not known specifically which parts of the human brain are involved in the human cognitive activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used in the study of normalcy and psychiatric disorders. fMRI is applied in diagnosis and drug treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this study, the author analyzed results of published articles related to the above described fields to find the relationship among self, mind and body, and proposed the mechanism involved in the self, mind and brain in normalcy and psychiatric disorders.
Independent or Coordinated? Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Emu

We examine, in a suitable theoretical framework, the relations between monetary and fiscal policies within the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Our stylized setup of EMU includes the following political agents, each endowed with an objective function: (i) A central authority (EC), which aims at maximizing a Social Welfare criterion; (ii) National Fiscal Authorities (FA), which pursue domestic output stabilization, (iii) the European Central Bank (ECB) which has a mandate to stabilize inflation. In this context we ask the following questions: - How would the EC want to direct (or coordinate) the national FA? - Do the EC decisions make control of inflation (the ECB mandate) easier or more difficult? - Do national FA have an incentive to obey to or to deviate from the EC directives? In response to the last question, our main result is that national FA may have an incentive to deviate, even if we exclude time-inconsistent motives in their preference functions, or motives linked to a failure to internalize aggregate demand spillovers. In particular, even in the absence of asymmetric shocks and of aggregate demand spillovers, EC authorities and national governments may have conflicting incentives, depending upon the relative size of disturbances to aggregate demand and supply. When both aggregate demand and supply shocks are positive (resp. negative) and the latter are large enough in absolute terms, then national governments will pursue a more expansionary (resp. contractionary) fiscal policy than it would be desirable from the point of view of social welfare. Our results imply that, if the EC authorities are required to enforce a social welfare function defined over aggregate output and inflation, then it may be necessary to endow the EC with appropriate enforcement devices with respect to the fiscal policy stance of individual member countries. This points to the necessity of having institutions (such as the Stability and Growth Pact, SGP) which help to coordinate and discipline the fiscal stance of member countries. While we do not discuss the specific provisions of the SGP, our conclusions strongly support the idea that the setting of fiscal policies by member countries needs to be disciplined, and in some instances possibly over-ruled, by the EC authorities.
An Outline for a Heuristic Approach to Possibilistic Clustering of the Three-Way Data

This paper deals in a preliminary way with the problem of clustering of three-way data. A method of the problem solving is based on the application of a direct possibilistic clustering algorithm based on the concept of allotment among fuzzy cluster to a matrix of feeble fuzzy tolerance, which represent a structure of the set of objects under uncertainty. The paper provides the description of basic ideas of the method of clustering and the plan of a direct possibilistic clustering algorithm. Basic ideas of the method of three-way data preprocessing for construction of a matrix of feeble fuzzy tolerance are also considered. An illustrative example of three-way data preprocessing and clustering is given and an analysis of the experimental results of the method’s application to the Sato’s three-way data is carried out. Preliminary conclusions are discussed. c ©2009 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.
Stimulation of a subset of normal resting T lymphocytes by a monoclonal antibody to a crossreactive determinant of the human T cell antigen receptor

A previous study from this laboratory described a monoclonal antibody, S511, that reacted with the T cell antigen receptor on a human T cell leukemia and also on 1-2% of circulating T lymphocytes in all normal individuals tested. The data presented in the present study demonstrate that, when normal T lymphocytes are cultured with or without irradiated non-T cells in the presence of soluble S511 antibody, a concentration- and time-dependent proliferation of the S511-reactive population occurred. Proliferation indices as high as 184 times greater than control were observed, which represents a major stimulatory effect on the initially minor S511+ subset. When S511+ cells were studied for evidence of prior activation, they were shown to be unresponsive to interleukin 2 (IL-2) unless exposed to S511 antibody, and were shown to be in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the S511 antibody activated resting normal T cells in a manner analogous to specific antigen binding to the T cell antigen receptor. The leukemic S511 molecule has been shown previously to differ from most other antigen receptors in the mobility of the two chains at 43 and 38 kD and the neutral isoelectric point of each chain. Expansion of reactive normal cells by S511-Sepharose permitted the development of IL-2-dependent T cell lines enriched for S511-bearing cells. The antigen receptor molecules on one such polyclonal S511-enriched T cell line were immunoprecipitated with S511 antibody and shown to have comparable mobility to that present on the leukemic cells, but to possess a greater heterogeneity of mobility. Thus, the leukemic cells and normal cells express similar T cell receptor molecules. The differences in the S511 T cell antigen receptor molecule possibly relate to differences in glycosylation or polypeptide structure.
Delay on Broadcast Erasure Channels Under Random Linear Combinations

We consider a transmitter broadcasting random linear combinations (over a field of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) formed from a block of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$ </tex-math></inline-formula> packets to a collection of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receivers, where the channels between the transmitter and each receiver are independent erasure channels with reception probabilities <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \mathrm {q}= (q_{1},\ldots ,q_{n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We establish several properties of the random delay until all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receivers have recovered all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$ </tex-math></inline-formula> packets, denoted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y_{n:n}^{(c)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. First, we provide lower and upper bounds, exact expressions, and a recurrence for the moments of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y_{n:n}^{(c)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Second, we study the delay per packet <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y_{n:n}^{(c)}/c$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as a function of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, including the asymptotic delay (as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c \to \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and monotonicity (in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) properties of the delay per packet. Third, we employ extreme value theory to investigate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Y_{n:n}^{(c)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as a function of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n \to \infty $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Several results are new, some results are extensions of existing results, and some results are the proofs of known results using new (probabilistic) proof techniques.
The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is enhanced by ionic liquid with different structure of varying alkyl chain length

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a global health concern. In our previous study, an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm][PF6]) had been proven to facilitate the dissemination of ARGs in the environment. However, enhanced alkyl group chain length or the substitution of alkyl groups with the cation ring corresponded with increased antimicrobial effects. In this study, we investigated how different structures of ILs with 4, 6, and 8 C atoms in the longer alkyl chain on the imidazolium cations facilitated the dissemination of ARGs. The promotion of plasmid RP4 transfer frequency decreased with [CnMIM][BF4] increasing the alkyl chain length from 4 carbon atoms to 8 carbon atoms on the imidazolium cations, which is observed with [BMIM][BF4] (n = 4, 5.9 fold) > HMIM][BF4] (n = 6, 2.2 fold) > [OMIM][BF4] (n = 8, 1.7 fold). This illustrates that [CnMIM][BF4] with increasing the alkyl chain length exert decreasing ability in facilitating plasmid RP4 horizontal transfer, which is possibly related to IL-structure dependent toxicity. The IL-structure dependent plasmid RP4 transfer frequency was attributable to bacterial cell membrane permeability weaken with increasing alkyl chain length of [CnMIM][PF4], which was evidenced by flow cytometry. In freshwater microcosm, [CnMIm][BF4] promoted the relative abundance of the sulI and intI genes for 4.6 folds, aphA and traF for 5.2 folds higher than the untreated groups, promoting the propagation of ARGs in the aquatic environment. This is the first report that ILs with different structure of varying alkyl chain length facilitate horizontal transfer of plasmid RP4 which is widely distributed in the environment, and thus add the adverse effects of the environmental risk of ILs.
Real-Time Benefit Analysis and Industrial Implementation for Distribution System Automation and Control

Smart grid technologies are expected to increase system efficiency and reliability using advancement in automation, communication, computation, and optimization. Several control algorithms have been developed or enhanced for operation and control of smart distribution grid. In recent years, volt/var control (VVC) algorithms have been proposed for energy saving in distribution systems due to advancement provided by smart grid automation and control. VVC helps to lower distribution feeder voltage to decrease energy consumption. However, quantification of this impact is hard due to several external factors such as weather and end users' behavior. On the other hand, existing evaluation methods of VVC algorithms are either not suitable for long-term study or intrusive. This paper addresses these issues by proposing a new technique to estimate “distribution system demand without smart grid implementation” utilizing “data measured from system with smart grid implementation. ” Interdependence of voltage and load is considered based on estimated load characteristic. Our key contribution is developing a method for quantifying the real-time energy saving of smart grid automation and control focused on VVC and implementing in an electric utility in eastern Washington, USA. The algorithm is developed using both commercial and open-source software.
An online load identification algorithm for non-intrusive load monitoring in homes

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) systems, employed at the utility-customer interface point, provide real-time power usage data to the grid and present real-time per-appliance price data to consumers. Such information will allow consumers to participate in the electricity market, resulting in energy conservation, demand reduction and other benefits. For these reasons, NILM has become an active area of research. In the current paper, a new algorithm is proposed in which both state-switching event identification and load recognition are included. Furthermore, a statistical variable, i.e. cross correlation coefficient, and a statistical method, i.e. crossed index weight determination method, are employed. The key components of the new algorithm, including basic concepts of signal signatures, structure and methodology of the algorithm, are presented. This algorithm is verified by the experiments to identify hybrid home appliances in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the introduction of cross correlation coefficients reveals more information, and that this new algorithm offers minimal computational burden with similar performance to other NILM algorithms reported as well.
Gallium Nitride RF Technology Advances and Applications

Over the last decade, Gallium Nitride (GaN) proponents have touted the technology as the future for high power cellular base stations that will displace silicon LDMOS devices. One may speculate on how LDMOS technological advances, GaN market acceptance, reliability, or cost have moderated GaN’s advance into the LDMOS domain. This paper discusses GaN technology, 200W packaged device performance, a 2.6-2.7 GHz, 400 W Doherty power amplifier, thermal management, and cost vs. performance. It emphasizes how GaN and LDMOS technology complement each other for RF applications. GaN devices have size and performance advantages over Si-LDMOS for frequencies above 2.5 GHz. On the other hand, LDMOS devices perform very competitively at 2.6 GHz using multiple devices in larger size circuits. Unlike Doherty amplifiers where GaN versus Si LDMOS may be a close question, GaN will dominate power amplifiers at frequencies in excess of 3 GHz as well for high efficiency and wideband power amplifiers.
A Comprehensive Structure-Based Alignment of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Neurotransmitter/Na+ Symporters (NSS) Aids in the Use of the LeuT Structure to Probe NSS Structure and Function

The recently elucidated crystal structure of a prokaryotic member of the neurotransmitter/sodium symporter (NSS) family (Yamashita et al., 2005) is a major advance toward understanding structure-function relationships in this important class of transporters. To aid in the generalization of these results, we present here a comprehensive sequence alignment of all known prokaryotic and eukaryotic NSS proteins, based on the crystal structure of the leucine transporter from Aquifex aeolicus (LeuT). Regions of low sequence identity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transporters were aligned with the aid of a number of bioinformatics tools, and the resulting alignments were validated by comparison with experimental data. In a number of regions, including the transmembrane segments 4, 5, and 9 as well as extracellular loops 2, 3, and 4, our alignment differs from the one proposed previously [Nature (Lond) 437: 215-223, 2005]. Important similarities and differences among the sequences of NSS proteins in regions likely to determine selectivity in substrate binding and mechanisms of transport regulation are discussed in the context of the LeuT structure and the alignment.