Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interest Rates – Inflation Relationship Under Inflation Targeting Regime: The Case of Turkey

This paper examines the relationship between nominal interest rates and the expected inflation rate for the Turkish economy between 2002 and 2009, a period when the inflation-targeting regime was implemented as monetary policy. We use the test of cointegrating rank with a trend-break (a method introduced by Inoue, 1999) and we also apply exogeneity tests. Empirical findings indicate that monetary policy rates depend on inflationary expectations; long-term interest rates are affected by monetary policy; and the weak form of the Fisher effect is valid. This evidence implies that monetary policy has actually influenced the real long-term interest rates; the inflation targeting regime pursued by the Central Bank of Turkey is reliable; and hence realized inflation has remained close to its targeted level.
The Politics of Foreign Investment in Australian Housing: Chinese Investors, Translocal Sales Agents and Local Resistance

This article analyses the cultural, housing and intergovernmental politics of individual foreign investment in Australian real estate. The first section provides a brief history of Australia's housing system and shows the historical trend toward housing affordability ‘problems’ in Sydney and Melbourne. This review interrogates the claim Chinese investors compounded Australia's housing affordability problem after the global financial crisis. The second more substantive section draws on interview, real estate website and media data to demonstrate how the Australian housing system and Chinese and Australian actors enabled Chinese investment in Australian real estate. The third section demonstrates how a minority of Australian residents and some journalists are contesting Chinese foreign investment in Australian real estate. This study shows how contemporary global real estate relations complicate the politics of Asian real estate investment in Anglo-sphere countries.
Pilot Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of START:AV Assessments in Secure Juvenile Correctional Facilities

The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) is a new structured professional judgment guide for assessing short-term risks in adolescents. The scheme may be distinguished from other youth risk assessment and treatment planning instruments by its inclusion of 23 dynamic factors that are each rated for both vulnerability and strength. In addition, START:AV is also unique in that it focuses on multiple adverse outcomes—namely, violence, self-harm, suicide, unauthorized leave, substance abuse, self-neglect, victimization, and general offending—over the short-term (i.e., weeks to months) rather than long-term (i.e., years). This article describes a pilot implementation and preliminary evaluation of START:AV in three secure juvenile correctional facilities in the southern United States. Specifically, we examined the descriptive characteristics and psychometric properties of START:AV assessments completed by 21 case managers on 291 adolescent offenders (250 boys and 41 girls) at the time of admission. Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of completing START:AV assessments as part of routine practice. Findings also highlight differences in the characteristics of START:AV assessments for boys and girls and differential associations between the eight START:AV risk domains. Though results are promising, further research is needed to establish the reliability and validity of START:AV assessments completed in the field.
Grandstanding in the U.K. Venture Capital Industry

This article speaks to the hypothesis that young venture capital firms take companies public earlier than older venture firms in order to establish a reputation and successfully raise capital for new funds. Consistent with the extant literature, evidence from a sample of 85 IPOs on the London Stock Exchange over the period 1992-99 suggests that companies backed by young venture firms are indeed younger at IPO than those backed by more established firms, and young venture firms have shorter board representation. There is little evidence to suggest greater underpricing for young VCF investments, nor do young VCFs hold relatively small equity stakes. Older VCFs raise larger follow-on funds, but there is no significant differential in timing of those funds. Overall, this study suggests that there is insufficient evidence as yet to unambiguously support the significance of grandstanding as a feature of the U.K. venture capital industry.
Location Still Matters: Evidence from an Online Shopping Field Experiment

Many empirical studies of online price dispersion show that sellers post different prices for homogeneous goods. However, seller heterogeneity is difficult to control for and posted prices may not reflect price dispersion in actual transactions. We contribute to this literature by selling identical simple goods (cell phone credits) at different prices from sellers that were identical except in name and with minimal ratings. The only way consumers could find us in this extremely thick market is to rank by price from lowest to highest. Out of 514 sales, 73 were of the higher priced item, for which we had non-negligible demand even when the price gap was 2%. Thus, even this selected sample of price-sensitive consumers do not necessarily buy the lowest priced item, all else being equal. Using independent variation in screen location and price, we are able to distinguish for the first time between search cost and limited attention based price dispersion.
Measuring the Convergence of National Accounting Standards with International Financial Reporting Standards: The Application of Fuzzy Clustering Analysis

A single set of accounting standards is considered the path to achieving accounting convergence globally. Given the important role that formal harmonization/convergence plays in the accounting profession and global capital markets, this study focuses on the methods and methodology for the measurement of formal accounting convergence. Based on our review and evaluation of the existing methods for measuring the level of harmonization/convergence between any two sets of accounting standards, we propose using a new method of matching and fuzzy clustering analysis to assess the convergence progress of national accounting standards (NAS) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from whole and single standards, respectively. Single standards are clustered according to their convergence level, which may indicate further convergence emphasis. As an illustrative example, the achievements made in China are evaluated using this new method. The results reveal that this new method can measure the convergence level of NAS with IFRS more clearly and informatively.
Trade, growth and income

This paper uses the instrumental variable threshold regressions approach of Caner and Hansen (2004) to investigate whether the trade's contribution to the standard of living and long-run economic growth varies according to the level of economic development. The empirical evidence shows that greater trade openness has strongly beneficial effects on growth and real income for the developed countries but significantly negative effects for the developing countries. The heterogeneity in the relationships suggests that greater international trade and integration may foster uneven development and hence contribute to more diverging economies. In addition, the link of trade to economic performance is found to work through both capital accumulation and productivity growth channels. Finally, the evidence shows that real effects of trade also depend on the level of financial development, inflation and trade openness.
Financial Structure of the Family Business: Evidence From a Group of Small Spanish Firms

This article presents empirical evidence on the determinants of the financial behavior of small family businesses and their differences from nonfamily small businesses. Taking into account two consolidated financial approaches, (1) the trade-off theory and (2) the pecking order theory, several hypotheses on the financial behavior of both groups of firms have been tested. By estimating these models through panel data methodology, using a sample of Spanish family businesses together with another control group of nonfamily businesses, we have obtained results confirming that a business's family nature does lead it to employ financial policy different from the rest of businesses. Furthermore, results indicate that growth opportunities, financial distress costs, and internal resources appear to be the main factors that differentiate the financial behavior of family firms from their nonfamily counterparts.
Accounting for Flexibility and Efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in a Restaurant Chain

Whilst some field studies have suggested that management control systems can be used simultaneously to make organisations more efficient and more flexible, the contingency literature has found it difficult to address this issue in the absence of a clear and comprehensive typology for analyzing more processual uses of management control systems. This paper distinguishes between enabling and coercive (Adler and Borys 1996) uses of management control systems. Coercive use refers to the stereotypical top down control approach that emphasises centralisation and pre-planning. By contrast, enabling use seeks to put employees in a position to deal directly with the inevitable contingencies in their work. The design principles that underlie the enabling use of management control systems are repair, internal transparency, global transparency, and flexibility. Through a detailed analysis of a single case field study carried out over a two-year period, we illustrate how management pursued the objectives of efficiency and flexibility by using management control systems in enabling ways. We suggest that the four design principles of enabling use can facilitate field studies of management control systems, but that they can also be used to define an enabling typology for contingency researchers to analyze the ways in which organizations simultaneously pursue efficiency and flexibility through their management control systems.
Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women

It has long been recognized that consumption behavior represents mainly joint household or family decisions rather than separate decisions of family members. Accordingly, the observational units in consumption surveys are "consumer units," that is, households in which income is largely pooled and consumption largely shared. More recent is the recognition that an individual's use of time, and particularly the allocation of time between market and nonmarket activities, is also best understood within the context of the family as a matter of interdependence with needs, activities, and characteristics of other family members. More generally, the family is viewed as an economic unit which shares consumption and allocates production at home and in the market as well as the investments in physical and human capital of its members. In this view, the behavior of the family unit implies a division of labor within it. Broadly speaking, this division of labor or "differentiation of roles" emerges because the attempts to promote family life are necessarily constrained by complementarity and substitution relations in the household production process and by comparative
Loan Loss Provisions, Earnings, Capital Management and Signalling: Evidence from Indian Banks1

Abstract The debate on bank capital regulation has in recent years devoted specific attention to the role that bank loan loss provisions play as a part of the overall minimum capital regulatory framework. The paper examines this issue in the Indian context, exploring the available evidence about bank loan loss provisioning in the Indian context. Using data on Indian banks for 1997–2005, evidence is found in favour of both earnings and capital management by Indian banks.
Reforming European welfare states : Germany and the United Kingdom compared

Welfare state reform has been a focus of domestic policy making in many European countries in recent years. Representing almost a third of the EU population and two distinctive models of European welfare states, this book compares development in British and German social policy over the past 25 years. During this time four periods of conservative governments were followed by centre-left administrations in both countries. Moreover, the respective economic and social positions of the two countries have been reversed. Adverse socio-economic developments have contributed to the waning of the erstwhile appeal of Germany as a role model of welfare capitalism. By contrast, the UK is seen by some as being on its way to gaining such a position. These trends provide an analytically intriguing background for a systematic contextualised comparison of reform processes in the two welfare states. Concentrating on three core domains of social policy, the book argues that unemployment support and public pension programmes have been subjected to retrenchment, as well as to restructuring. By contrast, family policies have been extended in both countries. However, patterns of retrenchment and restructuring differ across countries and programmes. In order to explain similarities and variations, the book emphasizes the relevance of three sets of factors: shifts in party policy preferences and power relations, three institutional variables, and contingent factors impinging on policy direction and profiles. Within pension policy, the relevance of different institutional characteristics and the respective balance between private and public forms of retirement suggest that the concept of 'path dependence' is particularly instructive. By contrast, differences in programme structures and their role within national political economies prove to be most relevant for the understanding of changes in unemployment support policy. Less institutionally embedded and expanding, the trajectories of family policies have to be seen in the context of dynamic party policy preferences.
Design and Evaluation of a Back Injury Prevention Program Within a Geriatric Hospital

Two phases of a back injury prevention program were studied using 2035 accident reports filed between 1979 and 1984. Phase 1, Personnel Program, was designed to decrease the duration of wage-loss claims by increasing the effectiveness of the existing procedures used to process these claims. This program significantly lowered the proportion of high-hour claims (P <.05) and significantly reversed a trend of increasing accident rates (P <.05). Phase 2, Back Program, was designed to lower the incidence of back injuries through a feedback-oriented educational program. The Back Program itself could not demonstrate a significant reduction in back injuries primarily due to the powerful and confounding effect of the Personnel Program. The combination of the Personnel Program and the Back Program significantly lowered back injuries for nurses when compared with a similar group of injuries that occurred at geriatric hospitals (P <.001). The large effect of the Personnel Program and the small effect of the Back Program have design implications for any injury prevention program.
Income volatility of Indonesian banks after the Asian Financial Crisis

This paper considers the factors that determine Indonesian bank risk both before and after the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC). In the pre-AFC period, bank capital holdings are positively associated with bank revenue risk, which is attributed to a combination of regulatory laxity as well as laxity of enforcement. In the post-AFC period, capital is found to reduce bank risk in a non-linear manner. Franchise value is associated with lower bank risk, but in a non-linear manner; low levels of franchise value are associated with increased bank risk, while higher levels of franchise value result in lower bank risk. It is also concluded the low-to-medium levels of bank loan growth are associated with lower bank risk; however, high levels of loan growth are risk increasing. These results point to the importance of enforcement of regulatory oversight in reducing bank risk.
In˚˚ vitro˚˚ Antibacterial˚˚ Effect˚˚ of˚˚ 2%˚˚ Chlorhexidine˚˚ Against˚˚ Enterococcus˚˚ faecalis˚˚ in˚˚ Dentin˚˚ Previously˚˚ Irrigated˚˚ with˚˚ 5%˚˚ Sodium˚˚ Hypochlorite Efecto˚˚ Antibacterial˚˚ in˚˚ vitro˚˚ de˚˚ Clorhexidina˚˚ 2%˚˚ contra˚˚ Enterococcus˚˚ faecalis en˚˚ Dentina˚˚ Irrigada˚˚ Previ

The aim of this study was to observe whether the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis in dentine is altered by previous irrigation with 5% sodium hypochlorite. Dentin discs were prepared with different irrigation protocols: group 1, immersed in 2% CHX for 25 min; group 2 immersed in 5% NaOCl for 25 minutes; group 3, immersed in 5% NaOCl, dried and irrigated with 3 ml of 2% CHX; group 4 and 5 immersed in 5% NaOCl, rinsed with 5 and 25 ml of distilled water respectively, dried and irrigated with 2% CHX. Group 6, immersed in 0.9% sodium chloride. Discs were then placed in agar plates in which E. faecalis was grown and the inhibition zone around each disc was measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37 …C. All experimental groups showed E. faecalis growth inhibition. The most effective irrigant was 2% CHX (P<0.05). Groups in which both NaOCl and CHX were used displayed significantly smaller inhibition halos as compared with 2% CHX. Different volumes of water for rinsing did not cause significant improvement in growth inhibition. The antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis was significantly reduced when dentin was previously irrigated with 5% sodium hypochlorite despite of rinsing with different volumes of water. ˚
Standard Deviation or Variance: The Better Proxy for Large Hedgers and Large Speculators Risk in U.S. Futures Markets

Using CFTC’s COT data, both GARCH and PARCH volatility based models found the lagged volatility and news about volatility from the previous month to be significant in explaining large hedgers’ and speculators’ volatility. The greater reliance on the ARCH term for speculators’ suggested their greater reliance on past information to extrapolate for their current decisions. Furthermore, hedgers’ volatility in Treasury bonds and coffee, and speculators’ volatility in gold and S&P500 futures have experienced increasing volatility persistence to shocks over the 1990s. In all remaining markets, hedgers’ and speculators’ volatility has shown a tendency to decay over time in response to shocks, supporting that both players are informed and react well to news volatility. The PARCH model explains volatility of both players better by exhibiting more negative components of volatility than the GARCH model. Both models, under normal and t distribution, supported that most futures returns in the 29 US markets were leptokurtic.
Willing and able: explaining individuals' engagement in environmental policy making

Research on attitudes toward environmental policy making has often overlooked the important role that risks play in forming individual attitudes towards the environment. Similarly, this research often assumes that the factors that affect attitudes are similar across different environmental domains. The purpose of this research is to examine how the factors that affect an individual's willingness to get involved in environmental policy making differ on two environmental issues – nuclear power and drinking water. The study utilises multivariate statistical techniques to explore the relationship that uncertainty, risk, and trust play in an individual's willingness to take action in environmental policy making. The data consist of responses to a national random telephone survey of 403 adults in the United States. The individuals surveyed are more likely to take action on the less avoidable potential threat of nuclear power than they are on drinking water. The respondents believe that the potential harm from nuclear power is greater than that from drinking water. The individuals most likely to take action are those who indicate that they are interested in environmental issues.
Recent trends and challenges in personnel selection

The aim of this article is to identify recent developments in personnel selection and to review existing research with regard to these recent developments. To this end, 26 human resource representatives were asked to list current or future trends in personnel selection. In addition, existing academic reviews of recent research in personnel selection were scrutinized. As a result, the following four main trends are identified: labour market shortages, technological developments, applicant perceptions of selection procedures, and construct‐driven approaches. Per trend, relevant existing research is reviewed and avenues for future research are discussed.
Performance and Power Consumption Trade-Off in UTBB FDSOI Inverters Operated at NTV for IoT Applications

Power consumption and I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio of an ultra-thin body and buried oxide fully depleted silicon on insulator CMOS inverter circuit has been calculated at near-threshold voltage operation from TCAD simulations. TCAD outputs (current, voltage, and capacitance) were used as parameters to solve the inverter circuit. Besides, a bias operation point (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ OP}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) has been proposed, which provides a good trade-off between the I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> ratio and the energy consumption. Variations of this operation point, due to the presence of interface traps, have been also analyzed.
SEASONALITY IN AUSTRALIAN SHARE PRICE INDICES BETWEEN 1936 AND 1957

: There have been a number of Australian studies which have investigated monthly equity return seasonality from 1958 to the mid-1980s. This paper extends the Australian evidence on seasonality by examining equity returns between 1936 and 1957. The major finding of the study is that returns in January are consistently higher than returns in any other month, and that returns in February and June are consistently lower than returns in other months. There is also evidence that returns in July are higher, and in March are lower, than returns in other months. However, it is the January, February and June seasonals which are significant and these remain after taking account of seasonality in ex-dividend days.