Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Five Potyviruses Infecting Korean Sweet Potatoes Based on Analyses of Complete Genome Sequences

Sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas L.) are grown extensively, in tropical and temperate regions, and are important food crops worldwide. In Korea, potyviruses, including Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato virus C (SPVC), Sweet potato virus G (SPVG), Sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2), and Sweet potato latent virus (SPLV), have been detected in sweet potato fields at a high (~95%) incidence. In the present work, complete genome sequences of 18 isolates, representing the five potyviruses mentioned above, were compared with previously reported genome sequences. The complete genomes consisted of 10,081 to 10,830 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tails. Their genomic organizations were typical of the Potyvirus genus, including one target open reading frame coding for a putative polyprotein. Based on phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons, the Korean SPFMV isolates belonged to the strains RC and O with >98% nucleotide sequence identity. Korean SPVC isolates had 99% identity to the Japanese isolate SPVC-Bungo and 70% identity to the SPFMV isolates. The Korean SPVG isolates showed 99% identity to the three previously reported SPVG isolates. Korean SPV2 isolates had 97% identity to the SPV2 GWB-2 isolate from the USA. Korean SPLV isolates had a relatively low (88%) nucleotide sequence identity with the Taiwanese SPLV-TW isolates, and they were phylogenetically distantly related to SPFMV isolates. Recombination analysis revealed that possible recombination events occurred in the P1, HC-Pro and NIa-NIb regions of SPFMV and SPLV isolates and these regions were identified as hotspots for recombination in the sweet potato potyviruses.
Magnification, receptive-field area, and "hypercolumn" size in areas 3b and 1 of somatosensory cortex in owl monkeys.

1. Several features of the two complete and separate representations of the contralateral body surface in cortical areas 3b and 1 of somatosensory cortex in owl monkeys were quantitatively studied. 2. Area1 magnification factors for different body regions in the two representations were obtained. The glabrous hand and foot regions were found to occupy nearly 100 times more cortical tissue per unit body-surface area than the trunk or upper arm. 3. In the representations of the hand digits, inverse magnification was linearly related to distance from the digit tips. 4. Receptive-field size was found to be proportional to inverse magnification over the entire body-surface representation as well as over the local region of the glabrous hand digits. The relation between receptive-field size and inverse magnification appears to be linear; specification of one would specify the other over the representation in one area. 5. By relating receptive-field overlap to distance separating recording sites, the area of cortex presumed to receive all fibers from any given receptive field was obtained and found to be independent of the body surface represented. Such an area of somatosensory cortex, about l1.5 mm in diameter, may be akin to the “hypercolumn” proposed for primary visual cortex (6).
SENATE DYNAMICS IN THE SHADOW OF MONEY

Abstract. Incumbent politicians seeking reelection face an inherently dynamic problem: they observe the change in their poll standing and incoming contributions, and respond by adjusting their political stances and by spending money in political advertising. In this paper, we formulate a model that captures this problem and estimate the model using data for US senators. Our empirical strategy allows us to obtain an estimate of senators’ policy preferences that discounts pandering. This approach contrasts with current methods to estimate legislators’ ideal points, which assume that all votes are sincere expressions of preference. The difference is consequential: we find that while there are some truly extreme senators, the vast majority is actually relatively moderate, and appear extreme due to electoral pressures. This finding contrasts with the conventional wisdom on the polarization of elites in american politics.
Discrimination, Mastery, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Men

Purpose: This study examines the influence of discrimination and mastery on depressive symptoms for African American men at young (18—34), middle (35—54), and late (55+) adulthood. Method: Analyses are based on responses from 1,271 African American men from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Results: Discrimination was significantly related to depressive symptoms for men ages 35 to 54 and mastery was found to be protective against depressive symptoms for all men. Compared to African American men in the young and late adult groups, discrimination remained a statistically significant predictor of depressive symptoms for men in the middle group once mastery was included. Implications: Findings demonstrate the distinct differences in the influence of discrimination on depressive symptoms among adult African American males and the need for future research that explores the correlates of mental health across age groups. Implications for social work research and practice with African American men are discussed.
Quantifying the interaction stages of a public display campaign in the wild

In this paper we present the findings from three exploratory studies in the wild of an interactive public display aiming to increase awareness on cardiac arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Three different locations (train station, hospital, and university restaurant) were selected in order to understand how context affects the effectiveness of the real-life campaign. For this purpose, we defined and quantified different interaction phases based on the audience funnel and the characteristics of the prototype. Our results confirm that context (location and people) have a direct effect on engagement throughout the interaction phases. A location that clearly relates to the content of a campaign or has an audience that is able and willing to interact will positively influence the outcome of a campaign. In addition, we show that following a model to quantify and compare studies is a feasible and useful approach.
A Resetting Neuro-Controller in the Presence of Unmodeled Dynamics

A neural network control redesign is presented in this paper, which achieves robust stabilization in the presence of unmodeled dynamics restricted to be input to output practically stable (IOpS), without requiring any prior knowledge on any bounding function. Moreover, the state of the unmodeled dynamics is permitted to go unbounded provided that the nominal system state and/or the control input also go unbounded. The neural network controller is equipped with a resetting strategy to deal with the problem of possible division by zero, which may appear since we consider unknown input vector fields with unknown signs. The uniform ultimate boundedness of the system output to an arbitrarily small set, plus the boundedness of all other signals in the closed loop is guaranteed
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Risk of Knee Reinjury

Background Although there is evidence that very active, young patients are better served with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there is a lack of objective data demonstrating that future knee injury is prevented by these procedures. Hypothesis Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction protects against reinjury of the knee that would require reoperation. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods A cohort of 6576 active-duty army personnel who had been hospitalized for anterior cruciate ligament injury from 1990 to 1996 were identified. Using the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database, the authors followed these individuals for up to 9 years and collected clinical, demographic, and occupational data. These data were evaluated with bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine the effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on the rate of knee reinjury that required operation. Results Of the 6576 study subjects, 3795 subjects (58%) underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 2781 (42%) did not. The rate of reoperation was significantly lower among the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group (4.90/100 person-years) compared with those treated conservatively (13.86/100 person-years; P < .0001). Proportional hazard regression analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, marital status, education, and physical activity level confirmed that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was protective against meniscal and cartilage reinjury (P < .0001). Secondary medial meniscal injury was more common than secondary lateral meniscal injury (P < .003). Younger age was the strongest predictor of failure of conservative management leading to late anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (P < .0001). Conclusions Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction protected against reoperation in this young, active population; younger subjects were more likely to require late anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clinical Relevance Strong consideration should be given to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after anterior cruciate ligament injury in young, active individuals.
Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Antiepileptic and Antidepressant Drugs - Printer-friendly version

Neuropathic Pain Neuropathic pain was originally defi ned by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), in 1994, as “pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system” [57]. In 2008, Treede et al. proposed a redefi nition to “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease aff ecting the somatosensory system” [78]. Since then, the IASP has revised the 1994 defi nition to “pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system” [36]. Neuropathic pain, which has been reported in 7–10% of the general population in developed countries [79], includes a diverse group of clinical conditions such as cervical or lumbar radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy, cancer-related neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, HIV-related neuropathy, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, central poststroke pain, trigeminal neuralgia, post-traumatic/postsurgical neuropathic pain, and complex regional pain syndrome type II, among others [30]. A very large proportion of clinical drug trials in neuropathic pain have been conducted specifi cally in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia [23], leaving other prevalent neuropathic pain conditions such as lumbar radiculopathy relatively understudied with respect to systemic drug treatment [41].
Afterlife Imagery in Sweden : The Role of Continuing Bonds

This article investigates how images of the afterlife are conveyed both onand offline by people in Sweden identifying as mediums, spiritualists, spiritual, agnostics or atheists. It also explores whether the images encountered can be traced back to a relational or non-relational social imaginary. In this particular context, a relational imaginary facilitates relationships between the living and the dead. Such relationships are referred to as continuing bonds in a growing body of work. In contrast, a non-relational imaginary may promote relationships between human and nonhuman beings or ignore relationships altogether. The ambition is thus twofold – to excavate images of the afterlife and to discuss what separates these images on a deeper level in terms of the concept of the imaginary. The empirical material consists of face-to-face interviews and online observations.
Breast cancer detection and survival among women with cosmetic breast implants: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Objectives To evaluate whether the stage distribution among women diagnosed as having breast cancer differs between those who have received breast implants for cosmetic purposes and those with no implants and to evaluate whether cosmetic breast augmentation before the detection of breast cancer is a predictor of post-diagnosis survival. Design Systematic review of observational studies with two meta-analyses. Data sources Systematic search of the literature published before September 2012 conducted in Medline, Embase, Global health, CINAHL, IPAB, and PsycINFO. Study selection Eligible publications were those that included women diagnosed as having breast cancer and who had had augmentation mammaplasty for cosmetic purposes. Results The overall odds ratio of the first meta-analysis based on 12 studies was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.60; P=0.058; I2=35.6%) for a non-localized stage of breast cancer at diagnosis comparing women with implants who had breast cancer and women without implants who had breast cancer. The second meta-analysis, based on five studies, evaluated the relation between cosmetic breast implantation and survival. This meta-analysis showed reduced survival after breast cancer among women who had implants compared with those who did not (overall hazard ratio for breast cancer specific mortality 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.75). Conclusions The research published to date suggests that cosmetic breast augmentation adversely affects the survival of women who are subsequently diagnosed as having breast cancer. These findings should be interpreted with caution, as some studies included in the meta-analysis on survival did not adjust for potential confounders. Further investigations are warranted regarding diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer among women with breast implants.
Improving cognition by adherence to physical or mental exercise: A moderated mediation analysis

Background: The role of adherence to an intervention is examined to further understand the relationship between performing new challenging activities (either mental or physical ones) and their putative cognitive benefits. Method: Healthy older women (N = 229, age range: 70–93 years) took part in a six-month randomised controlled trial, covering either a physical or mental activity (three × weekly). They completed five tests, measuring episodic and working memory pre- and post-intervention. A moderated mediation model was specified to test the strength of the indirect effect of the activity mode (i.e. physical vs. mental) through adherence (i.e. time spent on course attendance) on levels of baseline cognitive performance. Results: Both physical and mental activity groups performed better over time than the control group (p < 0.001). Adherence predicted cognitive performance (p = 0.011). The indirect effect of the activity mode on cognitive performance through adherence was especially seen when levels of baseline composite scores were low (p = 0.023). Conclusion: Older healthy women can improve episodic and working memory through spending time on a challenging physical or mental activity. Results are most promising for cognitively less fit women. Time spent on course attendance can be interpreted as an adherence indicator that makes a difference for various cognitive outcomes of the intervention.
Big Data in Smart Cities: From Poisson to Human Dynamics

Big Data is conceived as the powerful tool to exploit all the potential of the Internet of Things and the Smart Cities. Historically several of the human-related behaviours have been modelled with Poisson distribution, but a new dimension of understanding about the human behaviours is reached through all the gathered data in the emerging smart environment. This work analyses the data from the European Project SmartSantander. This work has correlated the traffic behaviour with respect to the temperature in the Santander City. This has been presented as the evolution of both flows present a similar behaviour. The traffic distribution, aggregated by temperature bins, follows up a Poisson distribution model. Thereby, allowing interpolate and predict complex behaviours based on simple measures such as the temperature. At the same time, this data presents a burst behaviour (human dynamics), when the data is analysed in sequence, instead of aggregated by temperature bins. Therefore, this work concludes that human-related behaviours can be described with both, Poisson and Human Dynamics distribution, depending on how the data is represented and aggregated.
A Fined-Grained Privacy-Preserving Access Control Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

For single-owner multi-user wireless sensor networks, there is the demand to implement the user privacy-preserving access control protocol in WSNs. Firstly, we propose a new access control protocol based on an efficient attribute-based signature. In the protocol, users need to pay for query, and the protocol achieves fine-grained access control and privacy protection. Then, the protocol is analyzed in detail. Finally, the comparison of protocols indicates that our scheme is more efficient. Our scheme not only protects the privacy of users and achieves fine-grained access control, but also provides the query command validation with low overhead. The scheme can better satisfy the access control requirements of wireless sensor networks.
Physically Derived Rules for Simulating Faceted Crystal Growth using Cellular Automata

We derive a set of algorithms for simulating the diffusion-limited growth of faceted crystals using local cellular automata. This technique has been shown to work well in reproducing realistic crystal mor- phologies, and the present work provides a more rigorous physical foundation that connects the numerical code to the physics of attachment kinetics and diffusion dynamics. We then apply these algorithms to examine a novel morphological transition in the growth of thin plate-like crystals.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KOMITMENORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJAKARYAWAN (Studi pada Pegawai PerumPerumnas Jakarta)

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational commitment on employee performance in Perumnas Jakarta. And to know which one variable affects predominantly between 3 variables namely affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment to employee performance in Jakarta Perumnas. The study uses three independent variables, namely affective commitment, normative commitment and continuance commitment, with the dependent variable is the performance of employees. The research method used is quantitative analysis, the validity and reliability test, the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination as well as t-test and Test F. The data in this study were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 75 employees in Jakarta Perumnas. Based on the research that has been done shows that affective commitment variable has a positive and significant influence on employee performance, variable normative commitment has a positive and significant impact on employee performance, and continuance commitment variable has a positive and significant influence on employee performance
Neurological disorders, genetic correlations, and the role of exome sequencing

Genomic information access and utilization by researchers and clinicians have barely begun the journey for fulfillment of their full potential in the research and clinical arenas. Exciting is the potential depth and breadth of research, clinical applications, and more personalized medicine, that remain on the horizon. Exome sequencing has clarified the responsibilities of over 130 genes, greatly expanding the medical genetics database and enabling the development of orphan diseasebased pharmaceuticals. The focus of our research efforts was to review several literature sources related to rare genomic disease research and exome sequencing, as well as to review the new research and diagnostic strategies that were utilized. Using a systems approach, under discussion are neurology, neuropathy, and the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Also discussed will be the topics of inborn errors of metabolism, and the genetic targets related to developmental delay. Recommendations for future research will also be discussed.
Neurotoxicity and Mode of Action of N, N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET)

Recent studies suggest that N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and that this action may result in neurotoxicity and pose a risk to humans from its use as an insect repellent. We investigated the mode of action of DEET neurotoxicity in order to define the specific neuronal targets related to its acute toxicity in insects and mammals. Although toxic to mosquitoes (LD50 ca. 1.5 µg/mg), DEET was a poor acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (<10% inhibition), even at a concentration of 10 mM. IC50 values for DEET against Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica, and human acetylcholinesterases were 6–12 mM. Neurophysiological recordings showed that DEET had excitatory effects on the housefly larval central nervous system (EC50: 120 µM), but was over 300-fold less potent than propoxur, a standard anticholinesterase insecticide. Phentolamine, an octopamine receptor antagonist, completely blocked the central neuroexcitation by DEET and octopamine, but was essentially ineffective against hyperexcitation by propoxur and 4-aminopyridine, a potassium channel blocker. DEET was found to illuminate the firefly light organ, a tissue utilizing octopamine as the principal neurotransmitter. Additionally, DEET was shown to increase internal free calcium via the octopamine receptors of Sf21 cells, an effect blocked by phentolamine. DEET also blocked Na+ and K+ channels in patch clamped rat cortical neurons, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. These findings suggest DEET is likely targeting octopaminergic synapses to induce neuroexcitation and toxicity in insects, while acetylcholinesterase in both insects and mammals has low (mM) sensitivity to DEET. The ion channel blocking action of DEET in neurons may contribute to the numbness experienced after inadvertent application to the lips or mouth of humans.
Open Access as a Crude Solution to a Hold‐Up Problem in the Two‐Sided Market for Academic Journals

Previous research modeled academic journals as platforms connecting authors with readers in a two-sided market. This research used the same basic framework also used to study telephony, credit cards, video game consoles, etc. In this paper, we focus on a key difference between the market for academic journals and these other markets: journals vary in terms of quality, where a journal's quality determined by the quality of the papers it publishes. We provide a simple model of journal quality. As an illustration of the value of the model, we use it to address issues that have arisen in the recent debate concerning whether, in the Internet age, journals should become \open access" (freely available to readers, financed by author rather than subscriber fees). Among other issues, we examine (a) whether open-access journals would tend to publish more articles than traditional journals, moving further down the quality spectrum in order to boost revenue; (b) whether journal quality affects the profitability of adopting open access; and (c) whether submission fees or acceptance fees are better instruments to extract surplus from authors.