Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the internal drainage system in the lower part of the ablation area of Storglaci?ären, Sweden

During the 1989 melt season, ten tracer experiments were conducted to investigate seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations in the internal drainage system in the ablation area of Storglaciaren, Sweden. Dye was injected into moulins, and dye concentration and discharge were monitored in two streams at the glacier terminus, Sydjakk and Nordjakk Dye emerged only in Sydjakk Transit velocities ranged from 0.07 to 0.29 m/s, implying that drainage was through a well-defined conduit system. Velocity and discharge relations suggest that these conduits are part of a multi-branched arborescent network of individually braided, wide, low passages. A progressive decline in dispersivity during the early part of the melt season reflects structural changes in these conduits, presumably including a decrease in the degree of braiding and an increase in size. The system reached its late-season configuration in early August, by which time the energy dissipated by the flowing water would have sufficed to melt between 0.7 and 21 m 3 of ice per meter of conduit length, depending on conduit size. Potential closure rates exceed melt rates on conduit walls throughout most of the drainage system, and so conduits are probably full of water during periods of higher daily discharge, with water pressures exceeding atmospheric pressure. Variations in tracer-return curves and dispersivity on a diurnal time scale also appear to reflect changes in the degree of braiding, in this case resulting from drowning of low divides between channels as discharge increases.
Analysis of 26 barium stars - I. Abundances

Context. We present a detailed analysis of 26 barium stars, including dwarf barium stars, providing their atmospheric parameters (Ten, log g, [Fe/H], v t ), and elemental abundances. Aims. We aim at deriving gravities and luminosity classes of the sample stars, in particular to confirm the existence of dwarf barium stars. Accurate abundances of chemical elements were derived. We present the abundance ratios between nucleosynthetic processes, by using Eu and Ba as representatives of the r- and s-processes. Methods. High-resolution spectra were obtained with the FEROS spectrograph at the ESO-1.52 m Telescope, along with photometric data with Fotrap at the Zeiss telescope at the LNA. The atmospheric parameters were derived in an iterative way, with temperatures obtained from colour-temperature calibrations. The abundances were derived using spectrum synthesis for Li, Na, Al, α-, iron-peak, s-, and r-element atomic lines, and for C and N molecular lines. Results. Atmospheric parameters in the range 4300 < T eff < 6500, -1.2 < [Fe/H] < 0.0, and 1.4 ≤ log g < 4.6 were derived, confirming that our sample contains giants, subgiants, and dwarfs. The abundance results obtained for Li, Al, Na, α-, and iron-peak elements for the sample stars show that they are compatible with the values found in the literature for normal disk stars in the same range of metallicities. Enhancements of C, N, and heavy elements relative to Fe, that characterise barium stars, were derived and showed that [X/Ba] vs. [Ba/H] and [X/Ba] vs. [Fe/H] present different behaviour as compared to [X/Eu] vs. [Eu/H] and [X/Eu] vs. [Fe/H], reflecting the different nucleosynthetic sites for the s- and r-processes.
The Role of Horizontal Boundaries in Parameter Sensitivity and Decadal-Scale Variability of Coarse-Resolution Ocean General Circulation Models

Abstract Coarse-resolution f-plane and β-plane frictional geostrophic models are used to study the response to restored surface buoyancies and fixed surface buoyancy fluxes. With restored surface buoyancies it is found that the overturning and meridional buoyancy transport generally follow the scaling from thermal wind and vertical advective–diffusive balance When maximum midbasin rather than maximum overall streamfunction is used as the metric, the sensitivity of overturning magnitude to vertical diffusivity agrees quite closely with that of a two-dimensional Rayleigh frictional model that follows an analogous scaling. This measure of meridional overturning, as well as the meridional buoyancy transport, also roughly follow the predicted f−1/3 scaling and are relatively insensitive to variations in β and horizontal viscosity. The sensitivity experiments indicate that the coarse-resolution model overturning and thermodynamic structure are well characterized by the adjustment of a uniformly rotating viscous.
Measurement-based analysis of cooperative relaying in an industrial wireless sensor network

Cooperative relaying is a communication technique that has been shown to improve link reliability between communicating entities. Most results in this area are obtained either analytically or via simulations. Rather few real-world experiments are conducted to backup theoretical results. This paper intends to go a step in this direction of applied research. We study the performance of cooperative relaying for industrial applications based on real-world measurements. These link-level measurements are conducted employing low-cost, off-the-shelf IEEE 802.15. 4 devices in a factory characterized by a harsh and cluttered environment. Using the measured data, we emulate a simple cooperative relaying protocol to investigate the performance in terms of outage and packet delivery ratio and study parameters suitable for relay selection.
Correction: Crystal Structures of the Kinase Domain of the Sulfate-Activating Complex in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

InMycobacterium tuberculosis the sulfate activating complex provides a key branching point in sulfate assimilation. The complex consists of two polypeptide chains, CysD and CysN. CysD is an ATP sulfurylase that, with the energy provided by the GTPase activity of CysN, forms adenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (APS) which can then enter the reductive branch of sulfate assimilation leading to the biosynthesis of cysteine. The CysN polypeptide chain also contains an APS kinase domain (CysC) that phosphorylates APS leading to 3’phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate, the sulfate donor in the synthesis of sulfolipids. We have determined the crystal structures of CysC fromM. tuberculosis as a binary complex with ADP, and as ternary complexes with ADP and APS and the ATP mimic AMP-PNP and APS, respectively, to resolutions of 1.5 Å, 2.1 Å and 1.7 Å, respectively. CysC shows the typical APS kinase fold, and the structures provide comprehensive views of the catalytic machinery, conserved in this enzyme family. Comparison to the structure of the human homolog show highly conserved APS and ATP binding sites, questioning the feasibility of the design of specific inhibitors of mycobacterial CysC. Residue Cys556 is part of the flexible lid region that closes off the active site upon substrate binding. Mutational analysis revealed this residue as one of the determinants controlling lid closure and hence binding of the nucleotide substrate.
Dynamic Force Properties of a High Temperature Superconducting Maglev Test Vehicle

In order to investigate the feasible application of a high-Tc superconducting (HTS) levitation system to a maglev train or a space vehicle launcher, we construct a demonstration maglev test vehicle consisting of two linear permanent magnets (PM) guideways and a test levitator with multi-block melt-processed YBaCuO superconductors. By using a vibration testing technique, we measure the dynamic force properties of the test vehicle in different field cooling (FC) and loading conditions. In both vertical and lateral vibration directions, resonance frequencies and related magnetic stiffness show large dependence on the FC height (FCH) and the load weight. The resonance frequencies increase as the FCH decreases or the load weight is reduced. The magnetic stiffness is also increased by using the low FCH or adding the load weight. It is shown that the dynamic properties of the HTS levitation system are closely related to the flux history in superconductors and the motion process of the system. Finally a low FC scheme and a preloading method are proposed to improve the stability of the HTS maglev vehicle.
Attitudes toward integration of complementary and alternative medicine with hospital-based care.

OBJECTIVE To characterize those who have used, expect to use, or are opposed to the use of holistic therapies, especially in a conventional medical (hospital) setting. SAMPLE DESCRIPTION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of a random sample of Hamilton-Wentworth residents between March and June 1998 (n = 416; response rate, 63%); analysis used logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent (37%) used at least one holistic therapy in the previous year: the three most common were chiropractic, massage, and herbal/phytology. The three most common reasons for use were general health, fatigue, and arthritis. Thirty-three percent (33%) would use holistic therapy in the future. Barriers to use were lack of information, perceived ineffectiveness, and cost; approximately 40% agreed they would only use holistic therapies with medical advice. Approximately 13% were opposed to holistic therapy and objected to its use in hospitals. Younger age, preference for holistic therapy over conventional medicine, and prior use of holism independently predicted high likelihood for future use. Lower income and high self-perceived health were associated with negative attitude toward use of holistic therapies in hospital. CONCLUSION Most respondents would accept integration of holistic techniques into a hospital; therapies would be more acceptable if there were clear evidence of their efficacy. A few might find their opinion of a sponsoring hospital lowered by such integration.
The reproducibility of sputum gram film interpretation.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reproducibility with which microbiologists interpret Gram-stained sputa and examine the effect of the smear preparation method. METHODS Two hundred and ten coded slides prepared directly from a purulent portion of sputum (DS) and 140 slides prepared after homogenization of the same sputum (HS) were examined by three experienced microbiologists. A proportion of the slides prepared by each method were recorded and represented to the raters. Intraobserver and interobserver variation was assessed using the kappa statistic (kappa). RESULTS Evaluation of the smear as being infected and predicting Streptococcus pneumoniae as the infecting organism showed the greatest intraobserver agreement (kappa=0.74-0.82) and interobserver agreement (kappa=0.50-0.82). The agreement concerning the number of cells and infection with Haemophilus influenzae was only fair to moderate. Differences in the interpretation of smears prepared by the two methods could be explained by the intrinsic disagreement that occurs when the same smear is examined twice. The positive predictive value of a positive S. pneumoniae smear for a positive culture ([10(6)/ml) was 81% with the DS and 97% with the HS. CONCLUSION In this laboratory, a sputum Gram film interpretation suggesting infection with S. pneumoniae was reproducible and predictive of a significant positive culture.
Comparison of Base Shears Estimated from Floor Accelerations and Column Shears

This paper compares base shears computed from floor accelerations (inertial base shear) and column shears (structural base shear) for two mid-rise, multistory buildings due to a suite of 30 earthquake ground motions. The presented results demonstrate that the inertial base shear exceeds the structural base shear in the median by 10% to 20% and may exceed the structural base shear by as much as 70% for individual ground motions. Therefore, it is concluded that the inertial base shear computed from strong motion records should be used with caution to estimate the structural base shear.
The SIFT information dissemination system

Information dissemination is a powerful mechanism for finding information in wide-area environments. An information dissemination server accepts long-term user queries, collects new documents from information sources, matches the documents against the queries, and continuously updates the users with relevant information. This paper is a retrospective of the Stanford Information Filtering Service (SIFT), a system that as of April 1996 was processing over 40,000 worldwide subscriptions and over 80,000 daily documents. The paper describes some of the indexing mechanisms that were developed for SIFT, as well as the evaluations that were conducted to select a scheme to implement. It also describes the implementation of SIFT, and experimental results for the actual system. Finally, it also discusses and experimentally evaluates techniques for distributing a service such as SIFT for added performance and availability.
Ice thickness over the southern limit of the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, and reassessment of the mass balance of the central portion of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system

Abstract We combine radio-echo sounding ice thickness data from the BEDMAP Project database and the PCMEGA (Prince Charles Mountains Expedition of Germany and Australia) dataset to generate a new ice thickness grid for the southern limit region of the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. We then reassess the mass balance of the central portion of the Lambert-Amery system, incorporating flow information derived from synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and a modeled surface mass-balance dataset based on regional atmospheric modeling. Our analysis reveals that Mellor and Fisher Glaciers are approximately in balance to the level of our measurement uncertainty, while Lambert Glacier has a positive imbalance of 4.2 ±2.3 Gta1. The mass budget for the whole Lambert Glacier basin is approximately in balance, and the average basal melt rate in the downstream section of the ice shelf is 5.1 ± 3.0 m a-1. Our results differ substantially from other recent estimates using hydrostatically derived ice thickness data.
APPLICATION OF THE MULTIFREQUENCY HORIZONTAL‐LOOP EM METHOD IN OVERBURDEN INVESTIGATIONS1

In recent years, geophysical methods (shallow seismic, electromagnetic, resistivity, ground penetrating radar) have been increasingly applied to overburden investigations. Their effectiveness has been found to depend significantly on local geological conditions. Compared with advanced seismic techniques, EM methods are faster and hence more cost-effective, but they have not been considered sufficiently accurate. Analysis is carried out of data obtained with the multifrequency horizontal-loop method (HLEM) in northeastern Ontario, where the overburden consists of Quaternary glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments. Surveying along 1-6 km long profiles permitted recognition of bedrock inhomogeneities and selection of sites suitable for HLEM data interpretation using the layered model. Phasor diagrams and computer inversion based on the ridge regression technique were used to interpret HLEM soundings obtained at eight frequencies. Interpreted layer resistivities and thicknesses were correlated with the results of Rotasonic drilling at 70 sites. Relatively accurate estimates of overburden thickness (within 10%) could be obtained in about 80% of the cases. Nine examples of HLEM soundings are given and discussed: three each of one-, two- and three-layer situations. An appropriate interpretation model cannot be selected simply by minimizing the rms error or by analysing the parameter resolution matrix. Frequently, the most effective way of evaluating a solution is to consider whether resistivity values determined by inversion fit any of the ranges determined by statistical analyses of sediment resistivities. A previously published study of electrical properties of Quaternary sediments indicated that resistivities of clay, till and sand are stable within a fairly large area, such as the one under investigation. While the application of HLEM methods to mapping of Quaternary sediments can be considered a success, interpretation of EM data in regions covered by glacial sediments is more difficult than in weathered terrains, where near-surface layering is more predictable. The problem of equivalence causes non-uniqueness in interpretation. Thickness equivalence, which results in poor resistivity estimates, was found to affect areas convered by sand and till. Conductance equivalence caused poor resolution of thickness and resistivity for thin clay layers (less than 10 m).
Neutrophil migration towards C5a and CXCL8 is prevented by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs via inhibition of different pathways

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to induce PG‐independent anti‐inflammatory actions. Here, we investigated the role of three different NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen and oxaprozin) on neutrophil responses to CXCL8 and C5a.
Transient current suppression scheme for bi-directional DC-DC converters in 42 V automotive power systems

42 V electrical power systems are on their way to replacing the present 14 V systems in automobiles and 42 V/14 V dual voltage systems have been proposed to provide backward compatibility with the existing components for the 14 V system. The synchronous buck/boost converter is an attractive topology for 42 V/14 V dual voltage systems since it offers bi-directional operation without additional components. In this paper, transient currents generated during converter startup or changes in operation modes between buck and boost are analyzed and a cost effective solution to remove the transient currents is proposed. The validity of the proposed control strategy is investigated through simulations and experiments
MALE AND FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION; ANDROLOGY Circulating Androgen Levels and Self-Reported Sexual Function in Women

Context: It has been proposed that low sexual desire and sexual dysfunction are associated with low blood testosterone levels in women. However, evidence to support this is lacking. Objective: To determine whether women with low self-reported sexual desire and sexual satisfaction are more likely to have low serum androgen levels than women without self-reported low sexual desire and sexual satisfaction. Design, Setting, and Participants: A community-based, cross-sectional study of 1423 women aged 18 to 75 years, who were randomly recruited via the electoral roll in Victoria, Australia, from April 2002 to August 2003. Women were excluded from the analysis if they took psychiatric medication, had abnormal thyroid function, documented polycystic ovarian syndrome, or were younger than 45 years and using oral contraception. Main Outcome Measures: Domain scores of the Profile of Female Sexual Function (PFSF) and serum levels of total and free testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Results: A total of 1021 individuals were included in the final analysis. No clinically significant relationships between having a low score for any PFSF domain and having a low serum total or free testosterone or androstenedione level was demonstrated. A low domain score for sexual responsiveness for women aged 45 years or older was associated with higher odds of having a serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level below the 10th percentile for this age group (odds ratio [OR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–9.81; P .004). For women aged 18 to 44 years, having a low domain score for sexual desire (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.27–11.67; P .02), sexual arousal (OR, 6.39; 95% CI, 2.30–17.73; P .001), and sexual responsiveness (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 2.37–18.34; P .001) was associated with having a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level below the 10th percentile. Conclusions: No single androgen level is predictive of low female sexual function, and the majority of women with low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels did not have low sexual function.
Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome

Objectives To determine and quantify changes in both central and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Down syndrome (DS) after adenotonsillectomy (AT). Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods The records of all patients with DS who underwent AT for sleep-disordered breathing between November 2008 and December 2014 were examined. In total, 113 patients were identified, and 36 of these patients had pre- and postoperative polysomnograms (PSGs) that were analyzed for obstructive and central components. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t test, and McNemar test were used to examine pre- and postoperative PSG differences. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis of variance of patient characteristics (between subjects) and PSG results (within subjects) were conducted. Results The mean (SD) patient age was 5.5 (4.0) years (range, 0.9-15 years); 50.0% were male. After AT, significant reductions were identified in both obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (P < .001) and overall AHI (P < .001). Among the 15 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea, 86.7% experienced a significant AHI reduction to moderate or mild disease (P < .001). In addition, of the 15 patients with central sleep apnea (central apnea index [CAI] >1), 66.7% had resolution of central sleep apnea postoperatively (P = .004). There was also a significant interaction identified between CAI reduction, preoperative CO2 retention, and adenoid size, F(2, 20) = 6.87, P = . 05. Conclusion Children with DS who underwent AT demonstrated significant reductions in both obstructive and central apneic indices on PSG. A significant number of patients with central sleep apnea demonstrated resolution postoperatively. Additional analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between CO2 retention, adenoid size, and postoperative CAI reduction.
Cenozoic vertical-axis rotation of the Altyn Tagh fault system

Paleomagnetic declination data were collected from Cenozoic strata of the southern rim of the Tarim basin to address whether the Altyn Tagh fault has undergone significant rotation during the Indian-Asian collision. Results from the eastern and central Altyn Tagh fault zone suggest that it has undergone no significant rotation since the Oligocene. This implies that the boundary between the Tarim and Tibet has remained relatively stationary during most of the Cenozoic. In contrast, declination data from the western Kunlun Shan on the eastern limb of the Pamir orocline, where the Karakax segment of the Altyn Tagh fault system terminates, suggest that the range has undergone clockwise rotations of between 19.3° ± 8.6° and 27.8° ± 5.8°. Such rotation is in mirror image with the documented counterclockwise rotation of 20°–50° in the western Pamir orocline and implies relatively small displacements on the Karakorum fault. Our results also suggest that the Karakax fault may have formed as an accommodation zone between the western Kunlun Shan and the Karakorum Mountains.