Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trinidadian and U.S. Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence and their Willingness to Intervene

In this study, Trinidadian (n = 194) and U.S. (n = 290) citizens were compared on their attitudes toward domestic violence (DV) as well as their willingness to intervene in five distinct DV contexts (when the DV involved an immediate family member, extended family member, a friend, neighbor, and a coworker). The results indicated that Trinidadians were modestly, albeit statistically significantly, more tolerant of DV compared to U.S. citizens—a finding that was accounted for primarily by age differences between the two national groups. Also, Trinidadians reported being significantly less willing to intervene in DV involving a friend, neighbor, and coworker than U.S. citizens, even after controlling for differences in sociodemographic variables. Regarding gender, women expressed significantly less tolerance for DV than men across nationality. Diverse interpretations of these findings are discussed in the context of culture.
Intermittent blood flow in a murine tumor: radiobiological effects.

Little is known about how and why hypoxia arises in tumors, i.e., whether hypoxia is a chronic process resulting from diffusion limitations or occurs more acutely due to transient changes in blood perfusion. We have investigated the nature of hypoxia in the murine squamous carcinoma SCC VII using a new fluorescence-activated cell-sorting technique which facilitates isolation of viable tumor cells as a function of their distance from the blood supply. The technique utilizes the DNA binding/diffusion properties of the bisbenzamide fluorochrome Hoechst 33342. This compound has a very short distribution half-life from the blood after i.v. injection but remains bound within tumor cells even after disaggregation, redistributing with a half-life greater than 2 h. Cells can thus be sorted on the basis of their staining intensity (proximity to the blood supply), and varying the Hoechst 33342 administration protocol provides the basis for elucidating transient changes in blood flow that result in acute radiobiological hypoxia. Using this technique, we have demonstrated that acute hypoxia results from transient changes in blood perfusion in 500-mg SCC VII tumors. Independent confirmation of the intermittent blood flow has been obtained using histological techniques.
Os significados da comorbidade para os pacientes vivendo com TB/HIV: repercussões no tratamento

O objetivo e compreender o processo de construcao dos significados atribuidos pelos pacientes em relacao a vivencia da comorbidade tuberculose e HIV (TB/HIV), e sua repercussao nos respectivos tratamentos. Diante da complexidade do objeto, optou-se em estuda-lo a luz do referencial teorico do construcionismo social. O estudo qualitativo envolveu a realizacao de entrevista semiestruturada com dez pacientes com TB/HIV, acompanhados em um hospital na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a tecnica de analise de conteudo tematico, organizados em cinco eixos: a) paciente e suas doencas; b) apoio; c) significados do tratamento; d) relacao com o servico de saude; e e) estigma, preconceito e discriminacao. Os resultados sinalizam que a vivencia das duas condicoes e seus respectivos tratamentos e uma experiencia dificil, trazendo sofrimento acentuado a vida dos pacientes. A TB acirra a dor do viver com HIV/Aids. O estigma da TB e reforcado pelo estigma da Aids, aumentando a vivencia de medo associado ao preconceito. A familia, a religiao e ao servico de saude e atribuido papel fundamental, como lugar seguro e de preservacao da identidade. Apesar do sofrimento fisico, psicologico e moral e das dificuldades com ambos os tratamentos, e possivel fazer conciliacoes no cotidiano.
The Fine Structure of the Interrelationship of Cells in the Human Epidermis

In the present investigation an analysis has been made of the fine structure of the interrelationships of cells in human forearm epidermis by means of the electron microscope. The "intercellular bridges," here called attachment zones, are more complex than has previously been recognized. It is shown that dense oval thickenings, called attachment plaques, appear in apposed areas of adjacent epidermal cell membranes. The tonofibrils terminate at the internal face of the attachment plaque and do not traverse the 300 A distance between apposed plaques. Seven intervening layers of unidentified substance occupy the space between attachment plaques. The attachment zones appear in all of the classical histological layers of the epidermis. The portions of epidermal cell membrane not involved in intercellular attachments have extensive surface area resulting from plication of the membrane, and its further modification to form microvilli. The possible functional significance of these observations is discussed. Prior observations concerning the basement membrane of epidermis are confirmed. Identification of epidermal melanocytes is achieved, the finer morphology of their dendritic processes is described, and their relationship to epidermal cells is discussed.
Students' perceptions of motivation in the instrumental music classroom

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe students’ perceptions of motivation in the instrumental music classroom. This study was guided by a symbolic interactionist framework and grounded theory research design. Data were collected in a high school setting. Open ended and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, audio-taped, and transcribed. Constant comparative analysis was used to generate a theoretical idea, grounded in the data, illustrating music students’ perceptions of motivation. Findings of this study indicate that self-perception is the overarching theme relevant to students’ experiences with motivation. This study found that: (1) students’ definition of self is an outcome of experiences with their environment, (2) this self-perception influences how students act, and (3) these actions materialize into what students perceive to be motivation. In their discussions, students gave accounts of their experiences and subsequent outcomes of from these experiences with motivation. This study revealed that students experience motivation through fun, success, competition, goal setting, role-models, discipline, praise, and learning. Perceived outcomes of these indicators of motivation were commitment and increased effort. In contrast, students’ motivation diminished when they experienced the lack of “fun,” a negative relationship with their teacher, excessive discipline, and a negative social climate. As a result of these demotivators students displayed indifferent attitudes. Based on the findings, a theoretical idea emerged. This study found that motivation was gender-specific. That is, female students readily accept intrinsic forms of motivation while male students identified with extrinsic motivators. In fact, female students viewed some extrinsic motivators (such as praise and discipline) to be controlling and as a result, lost interest. Implications for future research, director preparation and practice are discussed. Prospective music teachers should note that motivation is gender-specific and be aware of the affects that their teaching practices have on male and female students. In preparing music directors, colleges and universities should consider the implications of this research and extant literature. Such consideration would initiate data-driven decisions in curricula. Lastly, the topic examined is open to further research. There remains a need for additional qualitative studies that illustrate connections among recognized influences on student motivation.
The relationship between psychoanalysis and schizophrenia by Richard Lucas‐A commentary

Psychoanalysis provides a framework for understanding human experience, which can be of great value to persons suffering from psychiatric disorders, and to their caretakers. There are also, of course, other useful frameworks. In past years, some have inferred that the value of psychoanalysis with these patients implies that it helps us to understand the aetiology of their disorders, that it may offer a ‘cure’, or that it has some special relevance to their problems. There is no evidence for any of these. Further progress in this area should be based on new evidence.
Serotyping & molecular characterization for study of genetic diversity among seafood associated nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars

Background & objectives: Infections due to seafood associated Salmonella serovars are great risk to public health. Different phenotypic characteristics have been used previously for epidemiological investigation of Salmonella. Beyond the phenotypic characterization, a reliable genetic level discriminatory method is required. Therefore, this study was attempted to use different phenotypic and molecular fingerprinting methods for investigation of genetic diversity among seafood associated nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Methods: Fifty eight seafood associated Salmonella isolates were included in this study. All isolates were serotyped and epidemiological investigation was carried out using molecular fingerprinting methods, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence based-PCR (ERIC-PCR) along with whole cell protein profiling using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in our study. Results: Among the 58 Salmonella isolates, S. Weltevreden was observed to be the most predominant serovar. Typing of Salmonella serovars using RAPD and ERIC-PCR suggested the existence of a genetic diversity. Though both PCR based techniques were found to have a good discriminatory index, a better discriminatory ability was observed when the results obtained by the two techniques were combined and taken for composite analysis. Protein profiling of whole cells using SDS-PAGE demonstrated the presence of several bands with two bands of sizes 38 kDa and 46 kDa common among all 58 isolates. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study shows that use of protein profiling in combination with established typing methods such as RAPD and ERIC-PCR may provide useful information in typing of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates associated with seafood and to develop strategies to protect public from Salmonella infections.
Brain levels of CDK5 activator p25 are not increased in Alzheimer's or other neurodegenerative diseases with neurofibrillary tangles

Elevated levels of p25 and constitutive activation of CDK5 have been observed in AD brains. This has led to the hypothesis that increased p25 levels could promote neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) through CDK5‐mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau, the principal component of NFTs. We examined p25 immunoreactivity in brains from sporadic and familial AD cases, as well as other neurologic diseases that exhibit NFT, such as Down's syndrome (DS), Pick's disease (Pick), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Neither the p25 immunoreactivity nor the p25/p35 ratio was elevated in the AD brains or in the other tauopathies (n = 34) compared with controls (n = 11). Although Aβ peptides have been suggested to activate calpain‐mediated cleavage of p35 to p25 in cultured neurons, p25 levels in brains of TgCRND8 mice, which express high levels of brain Aβ peptides, were similar to those of non‐Tg littermates. Our data suggest that high Aβ levels in brain do not activate p35 proteolysis, and p25 is unlikely to be a causative agent for NFT formation in AD or other tauopathies.
Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation for Refractory Glaucoma

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of contact diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using different treatment parameters. MethodsAll eyes undergoing contact diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation between April 1991 and September 1997 at our two institutions were enrolled. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure less than or equal to 22 mm Hg or absence of pain for poorly sighted and blind eyes. ResultsTwo hundred six eyes of 204 patients (Salzburg, 117 eyes; New York, 89 eyes) were enrolled. Mean patient age was 65.8 ± 18.7 years (range, 4–96 years). Mean follow-up was 9.2 ± 11.2 months (range, 3–56 months). Mean preoperative and postoperative IOPs were 42.1 ± 11.0 mm Hg (range, 24–76 mm Hg) and 17.3 ± 10.9 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and 20.3 ± 13.2 mm Hg (P <0.001) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The number of laser applications (mean, 18.6 ± 4.2; range, 10–40) and maximal laser power (mean, 2,352 ± 408.5 mW; range, 1,500–3,000) were not associated with a lower postoperative IOP. An IOP less than or equal to 22 mm Hg was achieved in 72.7% of eyes at the mean follow-up of 9 months. Thirty-three (16.0%) eyes required at least one retreatment. Phthisis occurred in four (1.9%) eyes. ConclusionContact diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is useful in eyes with refractory glaucoma in which the risks of outflow surgery are deemed unacceptable.
Risk for second malignancies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Late side-effects are becoming an important issue in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) survivors. We intended to estimate pooled relative risk (RR) of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs), to evaluate site-associated RR and the impact of different treatments. DESIGN We carried out an electronic search of Medline and EMBASE seeking articles investigating the risk of SMNs and reporting RR measures. The studies were evaluated for heterogeneity before meta-analysis and for publication bias. Pooled RRs were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled RRs of SMNs overall and for solid tumors were 1.88 and 1.32, respectively. We found an excess of risk for several specific cancer sites. Radiotherapy alone did not increase the risk for SMNs, while chemotherapy and combined treatments augmented the RR. Regression analyses revealed a positive significant association for all SMNs with total body irradiation, and for solid SMNs with younger age. No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NHL patients experience a higher risk for SMNs than the general population and that various treatments have different impact on RR. More information will be necessary to evaluate possible interactions with genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure.
Robust classiﬁcation of diﬀerent ﬁngerprint copies with deep neural networks for database penetration rate reduction

The growth of ﬁngerprint databases creates a need for strategies to reduce the identiﬁcation time. Fingerprint classiﬁcation reduces the search penetration rate by grouping the ﬁngerprints into several classes. Typically, features describing the visual patterns of a ﬁngerprint are extracted and fed to a classiﬁer. The extraction can be time-consuming and error-prone, especially for ﬁngerprints whose visual classiﬁcation is dubious, and often includes a criterion to reject ambiguous ﬁngerprints. In this paper, we propose to improve on this manually designed process by using deep neural networks, which extract implicit features directly from the images and perform the classiﬁcation within a single learning process. An extensive experimental study assesses that convolutional neural networks outperform all other tested approaches by achieving a very high accuracy with no rejection. Moreover, multiple copies of the same ﬁngerprint are consistently classiﬁed. The runtime of convolutional networks is also lower than that of combining feature extraction procedures with classiﬁcation algorithms.
Women's Migration for Domestic Work and Cross‐Border Marriage in East and Southeast Asia: Reproducing Domesticity, Contesting Citizenship

This article offers an integrative review of the literature on women's migration for domestic work and cross-border marriages in East and Southeast Asia. By bringing these two bodies of literature into dialogue, we illuminate the interconnected processes that shape two key forms of women's migration that are embedded in the reproduction of women's domesticity. We highlight structural analyses of the demographic and socio-economic shifts that propel women's migration while also attending to the affective dimension of migrant women's desires and duties and to the brokerages that mediate the migrant flow. We finally examine how migrant wives and domestic workers contest the boundary of citizenship as they claim their full personhood against divergent modes of control over their rights, bodies, and mobility. We conclude by pointing out concrete areas where the two sets of literature can enrich each other for future research on gender, labor, and migration.
The use of web questionnaires in second language acquisition and bilingualism research

The present article focuses on data collection through web questionnaires, as opposed to the traditional pen-and-paper method for research in second language acquisition and bilingualism. It is argued that web questionnaires, which have been used quite widely in psychology, have the advantage of reaching out to a larger and more diverse pool of potential participants, which may increase the ecological validity of the resulting database. After considering some issues raised in debates on the strengths and weaknesses of traditional approaches to data collection through questionnaires as opposed to web-based questionnaires, we present two case studies of research designs based on online questionnaires, that is, the bilingualism and emotions questionnaire (Dewaele and Pavlenko, 2001/03) and the feelings questionnaire (Wilson, 2008). We reflect on the issue of participant self-selection and conclude that the potential benefits of web-based questionnaires can outweigh their limitations.
The Characteristics and Outcomes of Foreign Body Ingestion and Aspiration in Children Due to Lodged Foreign Body in the Aerodigestive Tract

Objective Injury due to foreign body (FB) aspiration and/or ingestion is a common and serious pediatric emergency. Foreign body injury (FBI) most commonly occurs in children younger than 6 years, and the incidence of FBI has increased in recent years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the characteristics of FBI due to ingestion and aspiration. Methods Data from patients who were hospitalized for FB ingestion and/or aspiration and underwent rigid bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy from 2008 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. Foreign body in the upper aerodigestive tract was evaluated with respect to the characteristics of patients, clinical presentation, management strategy, the outcome, and features of FB. Results A total of 192 patients admitted for FB ingestion or aspiration in the pediatric surgery department were evaluated. The mean age was 40.97 (SD, 35.73) months. The majority of patients were younger than 4 years. Foreign bodies were mainly located in the upper esophagus for ingested FBs (60.8%), whereas for aspiration 43% of FBs were in the main right bronchus. A total of 4 patients died. The hospitalization period of patients admitted for FB aspiration was longer than that of patients with FB ingestion. Surgery was performed in 4 patients. The most commonly ingested FBs were coins, whereas seeds were the most commonly aspirated. Conclusion Prevention is the key to dealing with FBIs. Because the frequency of foreign bodies is higher in underdeveloped countries, education of parents regarding the dangers and prevention of aspiration and ingestion is important.
Experimenting with Category Partition's 1-Way and 2-Way Test Selection Criteria

The Category Partition (CP) black-box testing method has shown to be effective in a number of situations. There is however little support for automating its use and little is known about the cost effectiveness of its associated selection criteria. In this paper, we report on a tool to automatically create test frames, i.e., test case specifications, for three wellknown criteria associated with the CP method, including the application of 1-way and 2-way interactions. We then report on the cost, in terms of number of test cases, and the effectiveness, in terms of mutation score, of adequate test suites for these criteria. The main lesson learnt is that, in addition to the intuition that the CP specification does impact effectiveness, a significant part of the effectiveness is also due to the test input selection procedure for test frames.
Towards a unified model of neutrino-nucleus reactions for neutrino oscillation experiments

A precise description of neutrino-nucleus reactions will play a key role in addressing fundamental questions such as the leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy through analyzing data from next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments. The neutrino energy relevant to the neutrino-nucleus reactions spans a broad range and, accordingly, the dominant reaction mechanism varies across the energy region from quasi-elastic scattering through nucleon resonance excitations to deep inelastic scattering. This corresponds to transitions of the effective degree of freedom for theoretical description from nucleons through meson-baryon to quarks. The main purpose of this review is to report our recent efforts towards a unified description of the neutrino-nucleus reactions over the wide energy range; recent overall progress in the field is also sketched. Starting with an overview of the current status of neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments, we formulate the cross section to be commonly used for the reactions over all the energy regions. A description of the neutrino-nucleon reactions follows and, in particular, a dynamical coupled-channels model for meson productions in and beyond the Δ(1232) region is discussed in detail. We then discuss the neutrino-nucleus reactions, putting emphasis on our theoretical approaches. We start the discussion with electroweak processes in few-nucleon systems studied with the correlated Gaussian method. Then we describe quasi-elastic scattering with nuclear spectral functions, and meson productions with a Δ-hole model. Nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions determined through a global analysis are also discussed. Finally, we discuss issues to be addressed for future developments.
An investigation of the psychological distress of Muslim migrants in Australia

The present study investigates the psychological distress of Muslims migrants in Brisbane, Australia. Literature indicates that a range of demographic and psychosocial factors are related to the psychological distress of the migrants. Two hundred and eighty Muslims were asked to complete a variety of questionnaires in either the English or Arabic language. A series of analyses of variances indicated that participants’ psychological distress was affected by their marital and visa statuses. Further, hierarchical regression indicated that psychological distress of the participants was predicted by their perceived difficulties with the English language, lack of social support, and tendency to use emotional and avoidance coping. It is expected that the study's findings will assist mental health workers, working in multicultural settings, to understand and treat the mental health issues of Muslim migrants in Australia.