Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry in facial expression.

paired with LiCI can be anticipated and avoided-that the anticipation of a taste, rather than the taste itself, can be aversive. The usual taste-aversion experiment demonstrates only escape from an aversive taste. As a historical sidelight, this is a particularly clear demonstration in the rat of what Tolman called an "insight" or "foresight" mechanism (a sign-gestalt-expectation). More than 40 years ago, Miller showed that such a mechanism could be deduced from Pavlovian conditioning principles in the form of Hull's fractional anticipatory goal response (13). Experiment 2 adds the finding that PRF training can reduce (immunize the rat against) the suppressive effects of the anticipation of the conditioned aversive taste and that such training attenuates the suppression of drinking of such a taste solution. If rats are reinforced intermittently and inconsistently with a particular flavored solution, they will avoid that flavor less and drink more of it when it is subsequently paired with gastrointestinal illness. Such a finding has potential practical as well as theoretical implications. One practical application might be to therapeutic situations in which taste aversions and anorexia frequently result from drug or radiation treatments or chemotherapy (14). The theoretical implications are for broadening the range of generalization and transfer of persistence in responding across motivational-reward systems (15). JAW-SY CHEN* ABRAM AMSELt Department ofPsychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712
Developing pressure sensitive adhesive electrodes: Preliminary results

A mixture of carbon black powder, polar organo salt and a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) has shown to be able to collect skin bio potentials. Such PSA electrodes do not dehydrate even after a prolonged period of storage, which leads to a theoretically infinite shelf life. The PSA electrodes need to be electrically activated through electrophoresis. ECG data were simultaneously collected with PSA and Ag-AgCl electrodes from 5 healthy subjects. ECG morphology was almost identical for both media. Hence, given that PSA electrodes have an infinite shelf-life, potentially with less cost associated with their fabrication, and have ECG signal dynamics nearly identical to those of Ag-AgCl, the new electrodes provide an attractive alternative for ECG measurements.
Stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) as indicators of fluid responsiveness in sevoflurane anesthetized mechanically ventilated euvolemic dogs

Changes in stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) in response to fluid infusion were experimentally evaluated during vecuronium infusion and sevoflurane anesthesia in 5 adult, mechanically ventilated, euvolemic, beagle dogs. Sequential increases in central venous pressure (CVP; 3–7[baseline], 8–12, 13–17, 18–22 and 23–27 mmHg) were produced by infusing lactated Ringer’s solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. Heart rate (beats/min), right atrial pressure (RAP, mmHg), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP, mmHg), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, mmHg), transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (TPTDCO, l/min), stroke volume (SV, ml/beat), arterial blood pressure (ABP, mmHg), extravascular lung water (EVLW, ml), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI, calculated), SVV (%), PPV (%) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR, dynes/sec/cm5) were determined at each predetermined CVP range. Heart rate (P=0.019), RAP (P<0.001), PAP (P<0.001), PCWP (P<0.001), TPTDCO (P=0.009) and SV (P=0.04) increased and SVR (P<0.001), SVV (P<0.001) and PPV (P<0.001) decreased associated with each stepwise increase in CVP. Arterial blood pressure, EVLW, PVPI and the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide did not change. The changes in SVV and PPV directly reflected the fluid load and the minimum threshold values for detecting fluid responsiveness were SVV ≥11% and PPV ≥7% in dogs.
Loneliness and International Students: An Australian Study

In a study of international student security, consisting of 200 intensive interviews with students, resident onshore in Australia, it was found that two thirds of the group had experienced problems of loneliness and/or isolation, especially in the early months. According to Weiss, students experience both personal loneliness because of the loss of contact with families and social loneliness because of the loss of networks. Both forms of loneliness are at times exacerbated by their experiences in institutional sites. The article discusses the coping mechanisms that students use. It identifies a third kind of loneliness experienced by international students, cultural loneliness, triggered by the absence of the preferred cultural and/or linguistic environment. This can affect even students with adequate personal and social support. Thus, same-culture networks are often crucial for international students. Yet same-culture networks are not a universal panacea: They cannot substitute for adequate pastoral care by universities or ensure satisfactory engagement with local cultures, so some causes of cultural loneliness often remain. The article concludes that the creation of stronger bonds between international and local students in the educational setting, helping international students to remake their own cultural maps on their own terms, is key to a forward move on loneliness.
Important increase of invasive lobular breast cancer incidence in Geneva, Switzerland

A recent paper from the United States reported a sharp and unexplained increase in invasive lobular breast cancer incidence since 1977 (Li et al., Cancer 2000;88:2561–9). We investigated if this trend was also present in Geneva, Switzerland, where breast cancer incidence is one of the highest in Europe. We analyzed trends in breast cancer incidence according to histologic subtype, age and stage, to clarify the pattern. Our population‐based study includes all histologically confirmed invasive breast carcinomas (n = 6,247) recorded between 1976 and 1999 at the Geneva Cancer Registry. Breast histology was classified as ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and other. Incidence trends were studied by log‐linear regression analyses. Models including effects of age, period and birth cohorts were used to describe rising incidence trends. The incidence of ductal carcinoma increased 1.2% per year (ptrend < 0.001) from 85.2 to 110.1/100,000. This increase concerned women aged 50–69 years and early‐stage tumors. Lobular cancer incidence increased disproportionately (14.4% per year, ptrend < 0.01) and rose from 2.9 to 20.5/100,000. This increase affected all age categories and both localized and advanced stages. In addition, a strong age‐cohort effect was present (p < 0.05), and women aged 50–59 years born after 1944 experienced the most marked increase. Our study shows a disproportionate increase of lobular breast cancer incidence compared to ductal cancer incidence. Contrary to ductal cancer, trends for lobular cancer are unlikely to be explained by increased use of screening mammography. Other explanations must be researched, in particular the role played by hormone replacement therapy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling Effects of L-Type Ca2+ Current and Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger on Ca2+ Trigger Flux in Rabbit Myocytes with Realistic T-Tubule Geometries

The transverse tubular system of rabbit ventricular myocytes consists of cell membrane invaginations (t-tubules) that are essential for efficient cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In this study, we investigate how t-tubule micro-anatomy, L-type Ca2+ channel (LCC) clustering, and allosteric activation of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger by L-type Ca2+ current affects intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Our model includes a realistic 3D geometry of a single t-tubule and its surrounding half-sarcomeres for rabbit ventricular myocytes. The effects of spatially distributed membrane ion-transporters (LCC, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump, and sarcolemmal Ca2+ leak), and stationary and mobile Ca2+ buffers (troponin C, ATP, calmodulin, and Fluo-3) are also considered. We used a coupled reaction-diffusion system to describe the spatio-temporal concentration profiles of free and buffered intracellular Ca2+. We obtained parameters from voltage-clamp protocols of L-type Ca2+ current and line-scan recordings of Ca2+ concentration profiles in rabbit cells, in which the sarcoplasmic reticulum is disabled. Our model results agree with experimental measurements of global Ca2+ transient in myocytes loaded with 50 μM Fluo-3. We found that local Ca2+ concentrations within the cytosol and sub-sarcolemma, as well as the local trigger fluxes of Ca2+ crossing the cell membrane, are sensitive to details of t-tubule micro-structure and membrane Ca2+ flux distribution. The model additionally predicts that local Ca2+ trigger fluxes are at least threefold to eightfold higher than the whole-cell Ca2+ trigger flux. We found also that the activation of allosteric Ca2+-binding sites on the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger could provide a mechanism for regulating global and local Ca2+ trigger fluxes in vivo. Our studies indicate that improved structural and functional models could improve our understanding of the contributions of L-type and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger fluxes to intracellular Ca2+ dynamics.
Self-Regulation and Academic Procrastination

The role of autonomous self-regulation as a predictor of academic procrastination was assessed. French-Canadian students from a junior college (N = 498) completed the Academic Motivation Scale as well as an academic procrastination scale and other measures (anxiety, self-esteem, and depression) that have been found to be related to fear of failure. Correlation results indicated that students with intrinsic reasons for pursuing academic tasks procrastinated less than those with less autonomous reasons (external regulation and amotivation). Regression results indicated that the measures of depression, self-esteem, and anxiety accounted for 14% of the variance in academic procrastination, whereas the self-regulation variables accounted for 25%. These results support the notion that procrastination is a motivational problem that involves more than poor time management skills or trait laziness.
In vitro phosphorylation and purification of a nonstructural protein of bluetongue virus with affinity for single-stranded RNA

A phosphorylated, nonstructural protein of bluetongue virus, NS2, is synthesized throughout the replication cycle in comparatively large amounts. The protein was detected in both the soluble and particulate fraction of the cytoplasm of infected cells. The particulate NS2 could be solubilized in 0.5 M NaCl. It was found that NS2 in the particulate fraction and immunoprecipitates of NS2 from the soluble protein fraction could be phosphorylated in vitro. It is not known whether the kinase involved is of cellular or viral origin, but after purification of NS2 by affinity chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose it could still by phosphorylated in vitro without the addition of exogenous protein kinase. The affinity of NS2 for nucleic acid was also investigated. The protein was found to bind to single-stranded RNA. In the presence of purified bluetongue virus mRNA, NS2 formed a complex with an estimated S value of about 22S.
Through Multiple Lenses: Implicit Theories of Creativity Among Indian Children and Adults*

This constructivist qualitative enquiry reveals a multiplicity of implicit theories of creativity extant in Indian culture with generic and domain specific usage of indigenous terms. Creativity was dominantly construed as a faculty of the nature of ‘pratibha’, in keeping with Indian philosophical thought, and with reference to the self, with participants invoking the holistic self, cognitive self, experiential/emotional self and physical self to describe creativity. The sense of creativity in these seemingly disparate, self-based construals, the uncovering of which is the unique contribution of this study, derived from the person's experience of a sense of agency, rather than merely the production of novelty per se. This emphasis on process; novelty being central for some but epiphenomenal for others; the varied meanings of ‘newness’; experiencing creativity as self-expression, self-extension, self-fulfillment and self-actualization; and equating creativity with the act of learning reflect distinctive elements of implicit theories that have emerged in this study.
Job Tenure as Correlate of Job Satisfaction among North-west University Mafikeng Campus Employees

Abstract This study examines the relationship between job tenure and satisfaction among North- West University Mafikeng campus employees. Job tenure was operationalised as the period an employee has taken in the current work place (organization) and as working experience which is the cumulative number of years an employee has been on a professional career. This is predicated on the fact that job tenure has not received enough research attention as a determinant of job satisfaction like all other variables that have been isolated in the literature. The population of the study is all academic and support staff of North-West University Mafikeng campus. Forty employees were selected randomly from academic and support (non-teaching) employees to give a sample of 80. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and subjected to analysis using SPSS. Frequency count and percentages were used to describe the data, while t-test statistics was used to compare job satisfaction and job performance between categories of employees. Also a correlation was used to test for relationship between job tenure and job satisfaction. The results show that 33 percent of academic employees were between 46-55 years. The results on gender of the academic employees shows 80 percent were males; 65 percent were married, 58 percent had at least Masters Degrees. The result further shows that most of support employees 55 percent had stayed in the same institution for more than 15 years. The majority of support employees earn less than R250 000 whereas the majority of the academic employees are earning above R400 000 per annum. The results shows that there is significant difference in job satisfaction between support and academic employees (t = -2.48, p = 0.05). Significant determinants of job satisfaction of support employees were age (t = 1.76), work experience (t = -3.09), job tenure (t = 2.56) and income (t = 2.35). Significant determinants of job satisfaction of academic employees were job tenure (t = -2.32), work experience (t= 2.43), job position (t = 2.18) and type of employment (t = -2.12).
Does Transparency Improve Citizens’ Perceptions of Government Performance? Evidence From Seoul, South Korea

Despite a great deal of research that examines consequences of transparency policies, there have been few empirical assessments of the relationship between transparency and citizens’ perceptions of public sector performance. This study focuses upon the relationship between computer-mediated transparency and perceptions of public sector performance in particular. We hypothesize that citizens’ increased exposure to computer-mediated transparency will be positively related to their generalized perceptions of public sector performance. We also hypothesize that this positive relationship is mediated by citizens’ satisfaction with public service provision. Results suggest that increased exposure to computer-mediated transparency is positively associated with citizens’ perceptions of public sector performance, but negatively related to citizens’ satisfaction with public service provision. Moreover, the positive relationship between computer-mediated transparency and perceptions of public sector performance increases when controlling for public service satisfaction, indicating the presence of inconsistent mediation.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Alcohol Use in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use by adolescents is widespread and is connected to a number of negative health and social outcomes. Adolescents receiving emergent care for injuries are often linked with risky use of alcohol. The trauma system has widely adopted the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for preventing alcohol-related injury recidivism and other negative outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence around SBIRT with adolescent patients in acute care settings. METHODS: This article reviews 7 randomized controlled trials evaluating risky drinking interventions among adolescent patients in acute care settings. All studies took place in the emergency departments of level I trauma centers. RESULTS: Four of the 7 studies reviewed demonstrated a significant intervention effect; however, no one intervention reduced both alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Two of these 4 studies only included patients ages 18 and older. Subgroup analyses with adolescents engaged in risky alcohol-related behaviors, conducted in 2 of the studies, showed significant intervention effects. Five studies showed positive consumption and/or consequences for all study participants regardless of condition, suggesting that an emergent injury and/or the screening process may have a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: Based on existing evidence, it is not clear whether SBIRT is an effective approach to risky alcohol use among adolescent patients in acute care. Additional research is needed around interventions and implementation.
CAROTENOID LIMITATION AND MATE PREFERENCE EVOLUTION: A TEST OF THE INDICATOR HYPOTHESIS IN GUPPIES (POECILIA RETICULATA)

Abstract Under the indicator models of mate choice, female preferences evolve to exploit the condition-dependence or “indicator value” of male traits, which in turn may cause these traits to evolve to elaborate extremes. If the indicator value of a male trait changes, the payoff function of the female preference for that trait should change and the preference should evolve to a new optimum. I tested this prediction in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, a species in which the indicator value of a sexually selected male trait, carotenoid coloration, varies geographically. Carotenoid coloration is thought to be an indicator of foraging ability and health because animals must obtain carotenoid pigments from their diet. The primary dietary source of carotenoids for guppies is unicellular algae, the abundance of which varies among natural streams because of variation in forest canopy cover. Carotenoid availability limits male coloration to a greater extent in streams with greater forest canopy cover. Thus, the indicator value of male coloration covaries positively with canopy cover. To test the indicator model prediction, I measured genetic divergence in the strength of female preferences for carotenoid coloration between high- and low-carotenoid availability streams in each of three river drainages. Second-generation laboratory-born females were given a choice between full-sib males raised on three different dietary levels of carotenoids. For all six populations, male attractiveness (as determined from the responses of females to male courtship displays) increased with dietary carotenoid levels. However, the strength of female preferences differed between populations in the predicted direction in only one of three river drainages. These results fail to support a crucial prediction of the indicator model. More studies taking an interpopulation approach to studying mate preference evolution are needed before the explanatory value of the indicator models can be rigorously assessed. Corresponding Editor: B. Sullivan
Voice at the Crossroads: Symmetrical Clause Alternations in Äiwoo, Reef Islands, Solomon Islands

This paper argues that the Äiwoo language of the Reef Islands shows what could be characterized as a symmetrical voice system with three voices: an actor voice, an undergoer voice, and a circumstantial voice. Although it differs from better-described symmetrical voice systems in lacking a syntactic pivot, the overall pattern of morphosyntactic alternations, as well as the discourse-pragmatic function, is essentially that of a symmetrical voice system. Moreover, the Äiwoo system combines the syntactic characteristics of a “Philippine-type” symmetrical voice system with the morphological characteristics of an “Indonesian-type” system in a way that appears to be unusual.This analysis, while confirming the status of the Reefs-Santa Cruz language group to which Äiwoo belongs as Austronesian, raises doubts about their current classification as Oceanic, since the symmetrical voice system of Proto-Austronesian is usually assumed to have been lost by the time of Proto-Oceanic. Alternatively, the analysis may be taken to imply that current reconstructions of Proto-Oceanic morphosyntax must be revised. Overall, it adds to the complex picture of voice and transitivity-related systems in Austronesian languages, and to the challenges involved in understanding their historical relationships.
Trapping Investigation of the GaN HEMT Devices Using the Low Frequency Noise Characterization

This paper, proposes the characterization of the signature of traps existing in the new AlGaN/GaN HEMT of 0.15 μm ultra-short gate length and 8x50 μm gate width through the output and the input Low Frequency (LF) noise measurement technique. These measurements were performed for varying chuck temperatures (Tchuck) ranging between 25 °C and 125 °C and for the same biasing condition by measuring the output or input noise spectral density. The output drain noise spectral density characteristics demonstrate the existence of an acceptor-like traps. The peak value of those traps shifts towards higher frequencies as the temperature increases. The activation energy Ea around 0.51 eV and the cross section σn around 5x10-15 cm2 were extracted using Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, the input gate noise spectral density characteristics demonstrate the presence of another type of traps. The peak of this traps does not show the frequency shift as the temperature increases. The leakage current measured before and after LF measurements for VGS = -6 V, -7 V and for VDS varying from 0 V to 10 V remains lower than 40 μA/mm.
N-Terminal-oriented Proteogenomics of the Marine Bacterium Roseobacter Denitrificans Och114 using N-Succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl)tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TMPP) Labeling and Diagonal Chromatography*

Given the ease of whole genome sequencing with next-generation sequencers, structural and functional gene annotation is now purely based on automated prediction. However, errors in gene structure are frequent, the correct determination of start codons being one of the main concerns. Here, we combine protein N termini derivatization using (N-Succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl)tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TMPP Ac-OSu) as a labeling reagent with the COmbined FRActional DIagonal Chromatography (COFRADIC) sorting method to enrich labeled N-terminal peptides for mass spectrometry detection. Protein digestion was performed in parallel with three proteases to obtain a reliable automatic validation of protein N termini. The analysis of these N-terminal enriched fractions by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry allowed the annotation refinement of 534 proteins of the model marine bacterium Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114. This study is especially efficient regarding mass spectrometry analytical time. From the 534 validated N termini, 480 confirmed existing gene annotations, 41 highlighted erroneous start codon annotations, five revealed totally new mis-annotated genes; the mass spectrometry data also suggested the existence of multiple start sites for eight different genes, a result that challenges the current view of protein translation initiation. Finally, we identified several proteins for which classical genome homology-driven annotation was inconsistent, questioning the validity of automatic annotation pipelines and emphasizing the need for complementary proteomic data. All data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000337.