Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heritability of high sugar consumption through drinks and the genetic correlation with substance use.

BACKGROUND High sugar consumption contributes to the rising prevalence of obesity. Sugar can have rewarding effects that are similar to, but less strong than, the effects of addictive substances. People who consume large amounts of sugar also tend to use more addictive substances, but it is unclear whether this is due to shared genetic or environmental risk factors. OBJECTIVE We examined whether there are genetic influences on the consumption of sugar-containing drinks and whether genetic factors can explain the association with substance use. DESIGN The frequency of consumption of sugar-containing drinks (e.g., cola, soft drinks, and energy drinks) and addictive substances (nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drugs) was obtained for 8586 twins who were registered at the Netherlands Twin Register (women: 68.7%; mean ± SD age: 33.5 ± 15.3 y). Participants were categorized as high or low sugar consumers (>1 compared with ≤1 SD above daily consumption in grams) and as high or low substance users (≥2 compared with <2 substances). Through bivariate genetic modeling, genetic and environmental influences on sugar consumption, substance use, and their association were estimated. RESULTS Genetic factors explained 48% of the variation in high sugar consumption, whereas unique environmental factors explained 52%. For high substance use, these values were 62% and 38%, respectively. There was a moderate phenotypic association between high sugar consumption and high substance use (r = 0.2), which was explained by genetic factors (59%) and unique environmental factors (41%). CONCLUSIONS The positive association between high sugar consumption and high substance use was partly due to unique environmental factors (e.g., social situations). Genetic factors were also of influence, suggesting that neuronal circuits underlying the development of addiction and obesity are related. Further research is needed to identify genes that influence sugar consumption and those that overlap with substance use.
Crosstalk between the Unfolded Protein Response and NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

The chronic inflammatory response is emerging as an important therapeutic target in progressive chronic kidney disease. A key transcription factor in the induction of chronic inflammation is NF-κB. Recent studies have demonstrated that sustained activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) can initiate this NF-κB signaling phenomenon and thereby induce chronic kidney disease progression. A key factor influencing chronic kidney disease progression is proteinuria and this condition has now been demonstrated to induce sustained UPR activation. This review details the crosstalk between the UPR and NF-κB pathways as pertinent to chronic kidney disease. We present potential tools to study this phenomenon as well as potential therapeutics that are emerging to regulate the UPR. These therapeutics may prevent inflammation specifically induced in the kidney due to proteinuria-induced sustained UPR activation.
Medium-Term Outcome of Total Hip Replacement for Dysplastic Hips in Singapore

Purpose. To review medium-term outcomes of 46 patients who underwent total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis secondary to dysplastic hips. Methods. Records of 58 hips in 6 men and 40 women aged 32 to 76 (mean, 62) years who underwent THR for osteoarthritis secondary to dysplastic hips and had been followed up for a mean of 4 (range, 2–8) years were retrospectively reviewed. The hips were classified according to the Crowe's grading, Sharp's acetabular angle, and centre-edge angle. The radiological uncoverage of acetabular cup (RUAC) index was calculated. The outcomes of THR were evaluated in terms of cup inclination, RUAC index, cup migration, lysis or loosening (radiolucency), heterotopic ossification, component incorporation and positioning, thigh pain, and subsidence. Results. 51 of the hips were Crowe's type I, 6 were type II, and one was type IV. The mean acetabular angle was 46.3° and the mean centre-edge angle was 15.4°. The mean cup, head, and stem sizes were 50.4 mm, 28.7 mm, and 10.9 mm, respectively. The mean RUAC index was 16.9% and the mean cup inclination was 40.7°. Radiolucency of 1 mm in the acetabular zone I was observed in 16 cases, but only one failed. For cemented and uncemented stems, the most common positioning was neutral and valgus, respectively. Five patients had complications of greater trochanter fracture, aseptic loosening, split calcar, stem loosening, and/or heterotopic ossification. Conclusion. Conventional THR can achieve good medium-term results in low-grade dysplastic hips.
Focal Chromosomal Copy Number Aberrations Identify CMTM8 and GPR177 as New Candidate Driver Genes in Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that preferentially develops in adolescents. The tumor is characterized by an abundance of genomic aberrations, which hampers the identification of the driver genes involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Our study aims to identify these genes by the investigation of focal copy number aberrations (CNAs, <3 Mb). For this purpose, we subjected 26 primary tumors of osteosarcoma patients to high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses and identified 139 somatic focal CNAs. Of these, 72 had at least one gene located within or overlapping the focal CNA, with a total of 94 genes. For 84 of these genes, the expression status in 31 osteosarcoma samples was determined by expression microarray analysis. This enabled us to identify the genes of which the over- or underexpression was in more than 35% of cases in accordance to their copy number status (gain or loss). These candidate genes were subsequently validated in an independent set and furthermore corroborated as driver genes by verifying their role in other tumor types. We identified CMTM8 as a new candidate tumor suppressor gene and GPR177 as a new candidate oncogene in osteosarcoma. In osteosarcoma, CMTM8 has been shown to suppress EGFR signaling. In other tumor types, CMTM8 is known to suppress the activity of the oncogenic protein c-Met and GPR177 is known as an overexpressed upstream regulator of the Wnt-pathway. Further studies are needed to determine whether these proteins also exert the latter functions in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis.
Temporal Control of Movements in Sensorimotor Synchronization

Under conditions in which the temporal structure of events (e.g., a sequence of tones) is predictable, performing movements in synchrony with this sequence of events (e.g., dancing) is an easy task. A rather simplified version of this task is studied in the sensorimotor synchronization paradigm. Participants are instructed to synchronize their finger taps with an isochronous sequence of signals (e.g., clicks). Although this is an easy task, a systematic error is observed: Taps usually precede clicks by several tens of milliseconds. Different models have been proposed to account for this effect ("negative asynchrony" or "synchronization error"). One group of explanations is based on the idea that synchrony is established at the level of central representations (and not at the level of external events), and that the timing of an action is determined by the (anticipated) action effect. These assumptions are tested by manipulating the amount of sensory feedback available from the tap as well as its temporal characteristics. This article presents an overview of these representational models and the empirical evidence supporting them. It also discusses other accounts briefly in the light of further evidence.
Network models of innovation and knowledge diffusion

Disclosed is a fuel activation apparatus using a magnetic body, capable of ionizing fuels so as to obtain high combustion efficiency for a liquid or gas fuel. In the fuel activation apparatus, a fuel activation member of a magnetic material to make the fuels rotatably flow is inserted into the inner side of a fuel activation duct through which the fuels flow. A magnetic body is disposed on the external side of the fuel activation duct. A magnetic induction layer encloses the magnetic body and the fuel activation duct. Further, a magnetic shield layer is disposed in the external side of the magnetic induction layer. Thus, the ionization of the fuels which flow through the fuel activation duct is maximized, thereby heightening the combustion efficiency of the fuels.
Understanding the Great Recession

We argue that the vast bulk of movements in aggregate real economic activity during the Great Recession were due to financial frictions. We reach this conclusion by looking through the lens of an estimated New Keynesian model in which firms face moderate degrees of price rigidities, no nominal rigidities in wages, and a binding zero lower bound constraint on the nominal interest rate. Our model does a good job of accounting for the joint behavior of labor and goods markets, as well as inflation, during the Great Recession. According to the model the observed fall in total factor productivity and the rise in the cost of working capital played critical roles in accounting for the small drop in inflation that occurred during the Great Recession. (JEL E12, E23, E24, E31, E32, E52)
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN A LYMAN LIMIT SYSTEM, A VERY STRONG O vi ABSORBER, AND GALAXIES AT z ∼ 0.203

With a column density log N(O vi) = 14.95 ± 0.05, the O vi absorber at zabs ≃ 0.2028 observed toward the quasi-stellar object PKS 0312–77 (zem = 0.223) is the strongest yet detected at z < 0.5. At nearly identical redshift (zabs ≃ 0.2026), we also identify a Lyman limit system (LLS, log N(H i) = 18.22+0.19−0.25). Combining FUV and NUV spectra of PKS 0312–77 with optical observations of galaxies in the surrounding field (15′ × 32′), we present an analysis of these absorbers and their connection to galaxies. The observed O i/H i ratio and photoionization modeling of other low ions indicate that the metallicity of the LLS is [Z/H]LLS ≃ −0.6, and that the LLS is nearly 100% photoionized. In contrast, the O vi-bearing gas is collisionally ionized at T ∼ (3–10) × 105 K as derived from the high-ion ratios and profile broadenings. Our galaxy survey reveals 13 (0.3 ≲ L/L* ≲ 1.6) galaxies at ρ < 2h−170 Mpc and |δv| ≲ 1100 km s−1 from the LLS. A probable origin for the LLS is debris from a galaxy merger, which led to a 0.7 L* galaxy ([Z/H]gal ≃ +0.15) at ρ ≃ 38h−170 kpc. Outflow from this galaxy may also be responsible for the supersolar ([Z/H]abs ≃ +0.15), fully ionized absorber at zabs ≃ 0.2018 (−190 km s−1 from the LLS). The hot O vi absorber likely probes coronal gas about the 0.7 L* galaxy and/or (∼0.1 keV) intragroup gas of a spiral-rich system. The association of other strong O vi absorbers with LLS suggests that they trace galactic and not intergalactic structures.
Increased Locomotor Activity Induced by Heroin in Mice: Pharmacokinetic Demonstration of Heroin Acting as a Prodrug for the Mediator 6-Monoacetylmorphine in Vivo

We investigated the relative importance of heroin and its metabolites in eliciting a behavioral response in mice by studying the relationship between concentrations of heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6MAM), and morphine in brain tissue and the effects on locomotor activity. Low doses (subcutaneous) of heroin (≤5 μmol/kg) or 6MAM (≤15 μmol/kg) made the mice run significantly more than mice given equimolar doses of morphine. There were no differences in the response between heroin and 6MAM, although we observed a shift to the left of the dose-response curve for the maximal response of heroin. The behavioral responses were abolished by pretreatment with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. Heroin was detected in brain tissue after injection, but the levels were low and its presence too short-lived to be responsible for the behavioral response observed. The concentration of 6MAM in brain tissue increased shortly after administration of both heroin and 6MAM and the concentration changes during the first hour roughly reflected the changes in locomotor activity. Both the maximal and the total concentration of 6MAM were higher after administration of heroin than after administration of 6MAM itself. The morphine concentration increased slowly after injection and could not explain the immediate behavioral response. In summary, the locomotor activity response after injection of heroin was mediated by 6MAM, which increased shortly after administration. Heroin acted as an effective prodrug. The concentration of morphine was too low to stimulate the immediate response observed but might have an effect on the later part of the heroin-induced behavioral response curve.
Predicting Strong Associations on the Basis of Corpus Data

Current approaches to the prediction of associations rely on just one type of information, generally taking the form of either word space models or collocation measures. At the moment, it is an open question how these approaches compare to one another. In this paper, we will investigate the performance of these two types of models and that of a new approach based on compounding. The best single predictor is the log-likelihood ratio, followed closely by the document-based word space model. We will show, however, that an ensemble method that combines these two best approaches with the compounding algorithm achieves an increase in performance of almost 30% over the current state of the art.
Maternal and Fetal Placental Growth Hormone and IGF Axis in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy

Aim Placental growth hormone (PGH) is a major growth hormone in pregnancy and acts with Insulin Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and Insulin Like Growth Hormone Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3). The aim of this study was to investigate PGH, IGF-I and IGFBP3 in non-diabetic (ND) compared to Type 1 Diabetic (T1DM) pregnancies. Methods This is a prospective study. Maternal samples were obtained from 25 ND and 25 T1DM mothers at 36 weeks gestation. Cord blood was obtained after delivery. PGH, IGF-I and IGFBP3 were measured using ELISA. Results There was no difference in delivery type, gender of infants or birth weight between groups. In T1DM, maternal PGH significantly correlated with ultrasound estimated fetal weight (r = 0.4, p = 0.02), birth weight (r = 0.51, p<0.05) and birth weight centile (r = 0.41, p = 0.03) PGH did not correlate with HbA1c. Maternal IGF-I was lower in T1DM (p = 0.03). Maternal and fetal serum IGFBP3 was higher in T1DM. Maternal third trimester T1DM serum had a significant band at 16 kD on western blot, which was not present in ND. Conclusion Maternal T1DM PGH correlated with both antenatal fetal weight and birth weight, suggesting a significant role for PGH in growth in diabetic pregnancy. IGFBP3 is significantly increased in maternal and fetal serum in T1DM pregnancies compared to ND controls, which was explained by increased proteolysis in maternal but not fetal serum. These results suggest that the normal PGH-IGF-I-IGFBP3 axis in pregnancy is abnormal in T1DM pregnancies, which are at higher risk of macrosomia.
Assessing learner’s understanding via node-link analysis: An information theory approach

Cognition or thinking involves mental activities or thought process. The complexness of thought process is represented by the complexness of textual information that consists of more distinct pieces of information. Textual information which is in the form of language and symbol are means in representing and communicating information, experiences and ideas. In our research, the textual information is converted into a node-link representation and the development of the node and link is based on the word co-occurrence and meaning. This process enables us to uncover the hidden knowledge structure. An expert model is used as a referent to enable a precise assessment on learner’s understanding or known information on a specific subject. Initial results show that the more complex the relationships among the terms (pieces of information), the higher the amount of bits generated, as a measurement of the learner’s understanding.
Emotional Intelligence, Family Support and Gender as Predictors of Job Demand among Health Workers in Ondo State, Nigeria

The study examined the roles of emotional intelligence, family support, and gender on job demands among employees of selected healthcare organizations. Recent reviews of job demand literature suggest that job demand empirical attention. Multiple regression analysis was used to statistically analyse the results. The study was conducted in Akure-South Local government Area and Akoko, South-West. Using accidental sampling technique, healthcare employees were drawn from; Adekunle Ajasin Health Centre, Neuropsychiatric Specialist Hospital, Tender Heart Hospital and Mother and child Hospital. The total number of participants who volunteered for the study were (113) for the health care employees. The participants of the study were selected using convenient sampling technique. Family support was measured using the Family Support Scale (FSS). Emotional intelligence was measured using the Schutte Intelligence Scale (SEIS) and Job demand was measured using the Job-Demands Scale developed by Jackson and Rothman (2005). The result revealed that perceived organisational supports shows inverse relationship on job demand. (β = -.30, p. .01). Emotional intelligence also does not predict job demand (β = -.70, p.>.01). The regression analysis showed an interaction of all study variables (perceived organizational support, family support and emotional intelligence and job demand) indicating that the joint pull of all study variables predicted job demands [F (3,277) = 16.23, p<. 01]. Results of this study portend key empirical driven conclusion that leads to the important role of family support in the overall interest at both the management and employee level.
SHREC'14 Track: Large Scale Comprehensive 3D Shape Retrieval

The objective of this track is to evaluate the performance of 3D shape retriev al approaches on a large-sale comprehensive 3D shape database that contains different types of models,such as generic, articulated, CAD and architecture models. The track is based on a new comprehensive 3D sha pe benchmark, which contains 8,987 triangle meshes that are classified into 171 categories. The benchmark w as compiled as a superset of existing benchmarks and presents a new challenge to retrieval methods as it com prises generic models as well as domainspecific model types. In this track, 14 runs have been submitted by 5 gro ups and their retrieval accuracies were evaluated using 7 commonly used performance metrics.
Biochemical characterization, mitochondrial localization, expression, and potential functions for an Arabidopsis γ-aminobutyrate transaminase that utilizes both pyruvate and glyoxylate

γ-Aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) catalyses the breakdown of GABA to succinic semialdehyde. In this report, the previously identified Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn GABA-T (AtGABA-T) was characterized in more detail. Full-length AtGABA-T contains an N-terminal 36 amino acid long targeting pre-sequence (36 amino acids) that is both sufficient and necessary for targeting the enzyme to mitochondria. Removal of the pre-sequence encoding this N-terminal targeting domain and co-expression of the resulting truncated AtGABA-T cDNA with the GroES/EL molecular chaperone complex in Escherichia coli yielded good recovery of the soluble recombinant proteins. Activity assays indicated that purified recombinant GABA-T has both pyruvate- and glyoxylate-dependent activities, but cannot utilize 2-oxoglutarate as amino acceptor. Kinetic parameters for glyoxylate- and pyruvate-dependent GABA-T activities were similar, with physiologically relevant affinities. Assays of GABA-T activity in cell-free leaf extracts from wild-type Arabidopsis and two knockout mutants in different genetic backgrounds confirmed that the native enzyme possesses both pyruvate- and glyoxylate-dependent activities. The GABA-T transcript was present throughout the plant, but its expression was highest in roots and increased as a function of leaf development. A GABA-T with dual functions suggests the potential for interaction between GABA metabolism and photorespiratory glyoxylate production.
Serum Interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-10, but not T-Helper 9 (Th9) Cells, are Associated With Survival of Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure

AbstractCD4+ T helper (Th) cells are reported to be essential for initiating and maintaining an effective immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Th9 cells are a new subset of CD4+ Th cells that produce interleukin (IL)-9 and IL-10. The present study aimed to investigate the percentage of Th9 cells relative to the number of CD4+ cells in peripheral blood.We also measured serum IL-9 and IL-10 levels in different stages of HBV infection and their relationship with progress and prognosis of liver disease. Whole blood samples from 111 patients with HBV infection, including 39 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 25 HBV-liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC), 21 acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients, and 26 healthy controls were collected.The percentage of Th9 cells and serum IL-9 and IL-10 levels were determined. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Th9 cells and serum IL-9 and IL-10 levels among different groups, nor were these related to hepatitis B e antigen status, complications of cirrhosis, inflammation index, or prognosis indexes. There was no change in the percentage of Th9 cells before and after antiviral treatment in CHB patients. There was no correlation of Th9 cells with survival of ACLF patients. However, IL-9 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the nonsurvived ACLF patients compared to survived ACLF patients. Furthermore, baseline IL-9 level predicted the prognosis of ACLF patients with 87.5% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity.Thus, our data indicate that Th9 cells were unlikely involved in the pathogenesis of HBV infection, but elevation in IL-9 and IL-10 may signal poor prognosis for ACLF.
Comparison of information structures and completely positive maps

A theorem of Blackwell about comparison between information structures in classical statistics is given as an analogue in the quantum probabilistic set-up. The theorem provides an operational interpretation for trace-preserving completely positive maps, which are the natural quantum analogue of classical stochastic maps. The proof of the theorem relies on the separation theorem for convex sets and on quantum teleportation.
B LEU SP , INV W ER , CD ER : Three improved MT evaluation measures

We present three modifications of wellestablished automatic machine translation evaluation measures, to improve correlation between those measures and human evaluation. Following Lin & Och, we present an improved version of the BLEU score, which uses a smoothed geometric mean for combining different n-gram precisions. We use segment boundary markers to increase the weight of words near the segment boundaries in the BLEU score. Our second MT evaluation measure is a variant of the WER which allows for block movements, but does not demand complete and disjoint coverage of the source sentence. As this might be problematic if MT systems are tuned on this score, we later investigate a linear combination of this measure with PER. Finally, we describe an edit distance similar to TER, which also allows for block reordering. Our measure uses a full search, but with the constraint that block operations must be bracketed. We describe this measure using a Bracketing Transduction Grammar, and sketch a polynomial-time algorithm for its calculation. We also modify the WER-like measures such that they use word-dependent substitution costs instead of fixed ones to model the similarity between words. Experimental comparison of these measures show that our new measures correlate significantly better with human judgment than the original measures.