Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparing politically savvy principals in Ontario, Canada

Purpose – The aim of the paper is to argue that principal preparation programs should help candidates: recognize the political role of the school principal; develop political skills (including the ability to strategically appropriate policy); and understand that the political approach of the principal influences teaching, learning, relationships, governance, and reform efforts. In addition, the paper reports findings of the analysis of Ontario's Principal Qualification Program guidelines to determine if they require principal preparation programs to develop aspiring school leaders’ political skills.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews theoretical arguments and empirical studies from the fields of school micropolitics, business, educational leadership, and critical policy studies to establish five political skills principals require. The authors then conducted a content analysis of Ontario's Principal Qualification Program guidelines to determine if they require principal preparation programs to.
Altmetrics: New Indicators for Scientific Communication in Web 2.0

En el presente trabajo se realiza una revision de las altmetrics o indicadores alternativos. Este concepto se define como la creacion y estudio de nuevos indicadores, basados en la web 2.0, para el analisis de la actividad cientifica y academica. La idea que subyace es que, por ejemplo, las menciones en blogs, el numero de tuits o el de personas que guardan un articulo en su gestor de referencias puede ser una medida valida del uso y repercusion de las publicaciones cientificas. En este sentido, estas medidas se han situado en el centro del debate de los estudios bibliometricos cobrando especial relevancia. En el articulo se ilustran en primer lugar las plataformas e indicadores principales de este tipo de medidas, para posteriormente estudiar un conjunto de trabajos del ambito de la comunicacion, comparando el numero de citas recibidas con sus indicadores 2.0. Los resultados senalan que los articulos mas citados de la disciplina en los ultimos anos tambien presentan indicadores significativamente mas elevados de altmetrics. Seguidamente se realiza un repaso por los principales estudios empiricos realizados, deteniendonos en las correlaciones entre indicadores bibliometricos y alternativos. Se finaliza, a modo de reflexion, senalando las principales limitaciones y el papel que las altmetrics pueden desempenar a la hora de captar la repercusion de la investigacion en las plataformas de la web 2.0.
Ethnoculturally-sensitive practice and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) does not respect the boundaries of ethnicity or culture. Diverse ethnocultural groups adapt to the stresses of AD in their own unique fashion. As the attitudes, values, help-seeking and coping behaviors vary from one individual to another, so also does variation exist among the diverse ethnocultural groups. This paper will review current literature regarding several ethnocultural groups, as well as common attitudes, values, helpseeking and coping behaviors. Skills, values, and knowledge for the ethnoculturally-sensitive practitioner are discussed. Finally, case examples are cited.
Terminological Reasoning in SHIQ with Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams

We present a new algorithm for reasoning in the description logic SHIQ, which is the most prominent fragment of the Web Ontology Language OWL. The algorithm is based on ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) as a datastructure for storing and operating on large model representations. We thus draw on the success and the proven scalability of OBDD-based systems. To the best of our knowledge, we present the very first agorithm for using OBDDs for reasoning with general Tboxes.
Application of ensemble classification method for power transformers condition assessment

The increase in the amount of data acquired from the monitoring of power system components has motivated utilities to employ effective strategies for processing the information collected. Hence, salient features can be identified and efficient decisions is made. An important component of any power system is power transformers, which have the single highest value of the equipment installed in high-voltage substations. For this reason, significant attention has been devoted to transformer monitoring and diagnostic techniques, resulting in huge volumes of raw data, especially related to the detection of any abnormal transformer behavior. The application of many monitoring tests is therefore not always useful, creating a critical need for a rational method of minimizing the number of monitoring tests without losing essential information about the actual condition of the transformer. This paper presents a statistical approach for evaluating the state of the transformer using machine learning technique. Demonstration of the use of classifier ensemble to predict transformer condition was also made.
Young monolingual and bilingual children's responses to violation of the Mutual Exclusivity Principle

The mutual exclusivity principle, which states that an object category can have only one name, has been shown to be used by toddlers and preschoolaged children(Markman, 1991). Studies of the mutual exclusivity principle in bilingual children aged over 3.5 years have generally found a tendency to honor the principle within languages, but not across languages. To date, younger bilinguals'adherence to this principle has not been investigated. In the present cross-sectional study, monolingual and bilingual children aged 27 and 35 months were tested. Both monolingual and bilingual children were presented with two novel labels for the same object, a violation of the mutual exclusivity principle within a language. They were then tested on their comprehension of the two labels. Bilingual children participated in an additional task in which mutual exclusivity was violated across languages Results indicated that across both language groups, the older children honored mutual exclusivity more than the younger children. No differences were found between monolinguals and bilinguals in adherence to mutual exclusivity. In addition, bilingual children performed similarly when mutual exclusivity was violated within a language and across languages The proportion of translation equivalents in the bilingual children's vocabulary did not predict their performance on the mutual exclusivity task. These results suggest that bilingual language experience does not significantly alter adherence to the mutual exclusivity principle before the age of three years.
Thermodynamic Modeling of the SRS Evaporators: Part III. Temperature, Evaporation, and Composition Effects on Process Control Strategy

Accumulations of two solid phases (a nitrated aluminosilicate) and sodium diuranate, in the form of scale, caused the SRS 2H Evaporator pot to become completely inoperable in October 1999. The accumulation of the sodium diuranate phase, which selectively precipitated with the aluminosilicate phase, caused criticality concerns in the 2H Evaporator. In order to understand the role of steady state saturation on the scale formation, solutions processed from the SRS 2H, 2F, and 3H Evaporators were evaluated with a commercially available thermodynamic equilibrium code known as Geochemist's Workbench.
‘Boys and Girls should not be too Close’: Sexuality, the Identities of African Boys and Girls and HIV/AIDS Education

This article explores the significance of sexuality in relation to the ways boys and girls in southern and eastern Africa construct their identities. It draws on a UNICEF-funded study conducted in the region with 6-18-year-olds from 2001 to 2002. This addressed young people as active and intelligent beings and encouraged them (in interviews and diaries) to elaborate upon their interests, pleasures and anxieties, and their relations with contemporaries and adults of either sex. It seemed impossible, at times, for the young people not to allude to sexuality, and this and their emotional engagement when addressing sexuality in the interviews suggested that sexuality was fundamental in their lives. Focusing in particular on young people’s accounts of contemporaries and others of the opposite sex, the article investigates how sexuality was invoked (and contested) by boys and girls and the sorts of identities they assumed in relation to the ways they spoke and wrote about sexuality. In the conclusion I argue that the issues raised by Carole Vance about female sexuality are extremely pertinent for understanding and working with both girls and boys in sex education, being introduced in many African countries in response to HIV/AIDS. The implications of this research for developing student-centred, gender-sensitive and relevant forms of HIV/AIDS and life skills education which address the sexual and non-sexual cultures, pleasures and anxieties of girls and boys are discussed in some detail.
Protection against Heterologous Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains by Dendritic Cell Immunization

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium which can cause either chronic infections or acute lethal sepsis in infected individuals. The disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, but little is known about the mechanisms of protective immunity to the bacterium. In this study, we have developed a procedure to utilize dendritic cells in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as a vaccine delivery vector to induce protective immune responses to various strains of B. pseudomallei. Our results show that strong cell-mediated immune responses were generated, while antibody responses, although low, were detectable. Upon virulent challenge with B. pseudomallei strain K96243, NCTC 4845, or 576, animals immunized with dendritic cells that were pulsed with heat-killed K96243 and matured in the presence of CpG 1826 showed significant levels of protection. These results show that a vaccine strategy that actively targets dendritic cells can evoke protective immune responses.
A hierarchical reinforcement learning based control architecture for semi-autonomous rescue robots in cluttered environments

Teleoperated rescue robots designed to explore disaster scenes and find victims face serious limitations due to the cluttered nature of the environments as well as the rescue operators becoming stressed and disoriented in these scenes. An alternative to using teleoperated control is to develop fully autonomous controllers for rescue robots. However, these robots are also not capable of traversing these complex unpredictable environments. In order to address the limitations of both teleoperation and fully autonomous robotic control for urban search and rescue (USAR) environments, semi-autonomous controllers can be developed to allow task sharing and cooperation between a human operator and a robot. In this paper, a unique Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) based semi-autonomous control architecture is proposed. The architecture provides the robot with the ability to learn and make decisions regarding which rescue tasks, exploration or victim identification, should be carried out at a given time and whether an autonomous robot or a human controlled robot can perform these tasks more quickly and efficiently without compromising the safety of the victims, rescue workers and the rescue robot. Preliminary experiments presented here evaluate the performance of the proposed HRL control approach for a rescue robot in an unknown cluttered USAR environment.
Text and Web Mining Approaches in Order to Build Specialized Ontologies

This paper presents a text-mining approach in order to extract candidate terms from a corpus. The relevant candidates are selected using a web-mining approach. The terms (i.e. relevant candidate terms) found by this process are the instances of specialized ontologies built. The experiments based on real data - Human Resources corpus - show the quality of our text and web mining approaches.
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver (UESL): A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and aggressive pediatric malignancy. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and outcome of children with UESL at our institution, in the United Network of Organ Sharing database and to review the existing literature to define the state of the art for children with UESL. Six children were diagnosed with UESL at the Texas Children’s Cancer Center between 1993 and 2014, 12 children underwent liver transplantation registered in the United Network of Organ Sharing database, and 198 children with UESL were described in 23 case series during 1978 to 2014. Patients were treated with multimodal treatment approaches including primary surgical resection, neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and liver transplantation resulting in overall survival reported between 20% and 100% with significant improvement over the recent years. We show that complete tumor removal remains the key element of treatment and our single-institutional experience and data in the published literature suggest that combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and doxorubicin to facilitate complete surgical resection is an effective approach to cure children with UESL.
EFFECTS OF SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI STRAINS ( 1021 AND NitR ) ON NITROGEN ASSIMILATION OF ALFALFA PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MINERAL ELEMENTS SHORTAGE

Two Sinorhizobium meliloti strains (1021 and NitR) were used for inoculation of alfalfa plants to study nitrogen assimilation under nutrient deficiency conditions in hydroponics experiments. The wild type Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 was compared with a mutant strain – S. meliloti NitR. NitR protein was found to be a regulator of S. meliloti hmgA expression under nitrogen deprivation conditions, suggesting the presence of a ntr-independent nitrogen deprivation regulatory system. nitR insertion mutations were shown not to affect bacterial growth, nodulation of Medicago sativa plants, or symbiotic nitrogen fixation under the physiological conditions examined. The relationship between free living and symbiotic bacterial forms was revealed indirectly by the changes of nitrogen fixation and assimilation under conditions of nutrient deficiencies. Before seeds inoculation, bacteria were cultivated in Vincent minimal media with limited nitrogen source. The alfalfa plants were grown on a nutrient solution in the presence or absence of molybdenum. The differences between the two symbiotic systems were established by the variations of nodule formation and enzyme activities participated in nitrogen fixation and
Dilemmas of autonomy and happiness

Harry Brighouse has advanced an intriguing set of arguments about the place of human flourishing in liberal educational theory. In his book On Education, Brighouse argues that autonomy can be justified instrumentally because it promotes flourishing. He links flourishing to the psychological concept of `subjective wellbeing' and he spells out the implications of subjective wellbeing research for educational policy. Each of these moves, while promising, raises questions. It is unclear how the instrumental justification for autonomy is a political improvement for liberalism over other justifications, and the link between autonomy and flourishing can be questioned on empirical grounds. In addition, a focus on subjective wellbeing may be irrelevant to the central ethical considerations relating to education and economic growth. Finally, the use of social science research on subjective wellbeing may present problems if it is used to construct educational policies around the `central tendencies' of large populations while overlooking students with more eccentric preferences.
p14ARF Deletion and Methylation in Genetic Pathways to Glioblastomas

The CDKN2A locus on chromosome 9p21 contains the p14ARF and p16INK4a genes, and is frequently deleted in human neoplasms, including brain tumors. In this study, we screened 34 primary (de novo) glioblastomas and 16 secondary glioblastomas that had progressed from low‐grade diffuse astrocytomas for alterations of the p14ARF and p16INK4a genes, including homozygous deletion by differential PCR, promoter hypermethylation by methylation‐specific PCR, and protein expression by immunohistochemistry. A total of 29 glioblastomas (58%) had a p14ARF homozygous deletion or methylation, and 17 (34%) showed p16INK4a homozygous deletion or methylation. Thirteen glioblastomas showed both p14ARF and p16INK4a homozygous deletion, while nine showed only a p14ARF deletion. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of p14ARF expression in the majority of glioblastomas (38/50, 76%), and this correlated with the gene status, i.e. homozygous deletion or promoter hypermethylation. There was no significant difference in the overall frequency of p14ARF and p16INK4a alterations between primary and secondary glioblastomas. The analysis of multiple biopsies from the same patients revealed hypermethylation of p14ARF (5/15 cases) and p16INK4a (1/15 cases) already at the stage of low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma but consistent absence of homozygous deletions. These results suggest that aberrant p14ARF expression due to homozygous deletion or promoter hypermethylation is associated with the evolution of both primary and secondary glioblastomas, and that p14ARF promoter methylation is an early event in subset of astrocytomas that undergo malignant progression to secondary glioblastoma.
Child Development and Personal Social Networks.

COCHRAN, MONCRIEFF M. , and BRASSARD, JANE ANTHONY. Child Development and Personal Social Networks. CmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 601-616. In this article we use the framework of network analysis to assess the social ecology of the parent and child in relation to its possible effects upon child development. The personal social network is defined, and several routes of network influence transmission articulated. Access to direct assistance, the provision of childrearing controls, and the availability of role models are postulated as major processes through which this influence is transmitted. In a section about the direct influences of networks on parent and child we discuss cognitive and social stimulation, direct support, observational model, and opportunities for participation. This section is followed by one devoted to the developing child, where we place particular emphasis on the formation of reciprocal exchange skills. We then shift to a consideration of possible child developmental outcomes, both cognitive and social. The final sections of the paper include discussions of the key elements making up the personal network as a social system and proposed directions for future research.
Effects of the Interaction between Interleukin-6 −634C/G Polymorphism and Smoking on Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

Smoking and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are major factors in inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the IL6 −634C/G polymorphism (rs1800796) and its interaction with smoking influence serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. The subjects were 347 Japanese male employees of a transit company. CRP and conventional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. IL6 −634C/G polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination using fluorogenic probes and the 5′ nuclease assay. The mean values of CRP were significantly higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, and drinking habit (p=0.011). Comparison of three genotypes revealed significant interaction between smoking and the IL6 −634C/G genotype manifested by CRP concentrations (p=0.007) after the adjustments cited above. After stratification by smoking status, CRP differed significantly among IL6 −634C/G genotypes groups in nonsmokers (p=0.010, p for trend=0.007), whereas no significant difference was found in current smokers. Comparison between −634C/C and C/G+G/G groups revealed also a significant interaction between smoking and the IL6 −634C/G genotype (p=0.007). These findings suggest that the impact of the −634G allele on CRP elevation is greater in nonsmokers than in current smokers. Since gene-environment interactions have been insufficiently examined, further studies are required to clarify their effect on inflammation, including CRP elevation.
How Do You Know Whether Your Patient Is Getting Better (or Worse)? A User's Guide

Abstract It is important to know when improvement or deterioration in cognitive function occurs. Until fairly recently neuropsychologists have made these judgments clinically, with little resort to empirical methods. In addition to the issue of whether a change in performance is reliable, there is also the consideration of whether it is clinically significant. This article briefly discusses these concepts, reviews the most common methods for determining reliability in change in test scores, considers their use in the broader clinical context, and illustrates their application with reference to an actual database.
Social Isolation in America: An Artifact

This article examines whether existing estimates of network size and social isolation, drawn from egocentric name generators across several representative samples, suffer from systematic biases linked to interviewers. Using several analytic approaches, we find that estimates of network size found in the 2004 and 2010 General Social Surveys (GSS), as well as other representative samples, were affected by significant interviewer effects. Across these surveys, we find a negative correlation between interviewer effects and mean network size. In the 2004 GSS, levels of social connectivity are strongly linked to interviewer-level variation and reflect the fact that some interviewers obtained highly improbable levels of social isolation. In the 2010 GSS, we observe larger interviewer effects in two versions of the questionnaire in which training and fatigue effects among interviewers were more likely. Results support the argument that many estimates of social connectivity are biased by interviewer effects. Some interviewers’ failure to elicit network data makes inferences, such as the argument that networks have become smaller, an artifact. Overall, this study highlights the importance of interviewer effects for network data collection and raises questions about other survey items with similar issues.
The Effect of the Language Barrier on Intercultural Communication: A Case Study of Educational Travel in Italy

Language is perceived as a barrier in study abroad programs as it may limit students' opportunities to interact with the local culture. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of the language barrier on intercultural communication between study abroad students and the host population, and other factors that enhance the students' enjoyment. During the summer of 2001 10 American students participated in a study abroad program in Italy with a focus on Engineering and Italian Studies. Using a case study approach, the research used rich data from the students' logs and photographs, interviews with the locals', the authors' field notes in developing the central themes—simplicity of the environment, group cohesion, and interpreter—that contributed to the students' and the hosts' enhanced intercultural communication experience. Despite the limitations imposed by a single case study, the results can be useful to other educational study abroad programs and to increasing intercultural communications in other types of international travel.