Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Adenocarcinomas in the Laying Hen and Women Share Similar Alterations in p53, ras, and HER-2/neu

We examined alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the ras and HER-2/neu oncogenes in chicken ovarian cancers to determine if these tumors have genetic alterations similar to those in human ovarian adenocarcinomas. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the H-ras and K-ras oncogenes were assessed by direct sequencing in 172 ovarian cancers obtained from 4-year-old birds enrolled at age 2 in two separate 2-year chemoprevention trials. Birds in trial B had approximately twice as many lifetime ovulations as those in trial A. Immunohistochemical staining for the HER-2/neu oncogene was done on a subset of avian ovarian and oviductal adenocarcinomas. Alterations in p53 were detected in 48% of chicken ovarian cancers. Incidence of p53 alterations varied according to the number of lifetime ovulations, ranging from 14% in trial A to 96% in trial B (P < 0.01). No mutations were seen in H-ras, and only 2 of 172 (1.2%) tumors had K-ras mutations. Significant HER-2/neu staining was noted in 10 of 19 ovarian adenocarcinomas but in only 1 of 17 oviductal adenocarcinomas. Similar to human ovarian cancers, p53 alterations are common in chicken ovarian adenocarcinomas and correlate with the number of lifetime ovulations. Ras mutations are rare, similar to high-grade human ovarian cancers. HER-2/neu overexpression is common and may represent a marker to exclude an oviductal origin in cancers involving both the ovary and oviduct.
Then and Now: Some Notes on the Interaction of Person and Social Environment

0 NE O F THE THINGS that makes me extremely sensible of the honor of being asked to give this lecture is the fact that I had the privilege of knowing Malinowski during the last few years of his life. As I look back now I feel immensely indebted to his personal counsel as well as to his writings. Our meeting was in the autumn of 1937 or 1938 when he came to give a talk in the Department of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins. I was then a resident in psychiatry and delegated to greet him at the station. I saw him, therefore, for the first time early one morning as he approached along the platform from his Pullman, through steam and frosty air, waving a black, rolled up, Chamberlain-type unbrella. "I hope," he said with a characteristic, engaging and energetic laugh, "I hope you will pardon this symbol of British acculturation. " Malinowski's visit was an opportunity to explain to him a question regarding which I hoped to begin some research. It was approximately this: What influences do environmental factors have on the origin, course and outcome of mental illnesses? This question was located within a particular orientation, called "psychobiology," that deserves a few words of explanation, since it differs from the better known orientation of psychoanalysis. As the British psychiatrist Michael Shepherd has recently written, psychobiology came from "the broad central tradition of psychiatric theory and practice which originated on the European mainland, was transported by Adolf Meyer to North America and returned to Europe via the United Kingdom, where its preeminent representative has been Sir Aubrey Lewis. At its core is an adherence to principles of scientific inquiry in clinical and basic research, with due acknowledgment of the role played by social
Life After a Sports Career: the Case of Polish Ex-fencers

Abstract The present study focuses on the issue of the achievement of stability in life by former amateur fencers in the context of post-communist Polish society. The main aim of the study was an analysis of non-sport spheres of life of former fencers, such as occupation, material situation, family life, and health. The sample consisted of 51 former Polish fencers. A diagnostic survey was conducted with the use of the questionnaire technique. It was revealed that the subjects successfully achieved social stability after they retired from sports. However, since they had been amateur athletes, they had been forced to choose appropriate strategies and actions during their sports careers to ensure professional, economic, and family stability in their future lives. Those who experienced difficulties in combining the role of athlete with other social roles were most often forced to give up fencing. The former fencers observe a multidirectional impact of sports on all aspects of their lives.
A Planar Dual-Arm Equiangular Spiral Antenna

The design is described of a planar dual-arm equiangular spiral antenna incorporated with chip resistors inside the substrate. The chip resistors were applied to this equiangular spiral antenna to achieve 9:1 impedance bandwidth (2 to 18 GHz) with an extremely low profile structure. The simulated and measured magnitude of the reflection coefficient (S 11), gain, and measured radiation patterns are presented.
Teaching Reflective Practice: Implementation in the Teacher-Education Setting

Over the past several decades a growing amount of research has considered the role, challenges, and complexities of teaching reflective inquiry to preservice teachers. Generally accepted as a valuable component of a teacher education program, there are persistent levels of ambiguity regarding how reflective inquiry can be intentionally fostered during initial stages of teacher preparation. This qualitative research study seeks to provide one exemplar of this promising practice by exploring the instructional approaches used to promote reflective inquiry in preservice teachers by a veteran teacher educator from Niagara University, NY. Using participant observer research protocols, data were collected and analyzed according to qualitative research methodologies (Spradley, 1980). Grounded in the theories of Dewey (1935) and Schön (1983), this study examines how the teacher educator studied created opportunities for preservice teachers to develop their reflective inquiry skills in a Methods of Secondary Education course. Advice for other teacher educators and implications for the greater teacher education community will be discussed.
Class, Authenticity and the Transition to Higher Education for Mature Students

The stated UK Government policy on Higher Education is to attract increasing numbers of non-traditional applicants to Higher Education. Mature students are positioned as key within this policy initiative. However, the statistics suggest that recent policy changes have made it more rather than less difficult for non-traditional students to attend university. This paper explores some of the sociological and psychological processes which make working-class transitions to higher education problematic by focusing on the narratives of 23 mature students attending an inner London Further Education college. It is argued that class, although mediated by gender and ethnicity, always counts in the transition process. Also, within the working-classes there are different class fractions with differing priorities in relation to risk, challenge and fitting in. These solidarist and individualist fractions within the working-classes result in differing priorities, attitudes and actions in relation to the higher education choice process.
Pediatric bony craniovertebral junction abnormalities: Institutional experience of 10 years

Objective: To study the clinical features and treatment outcome of pediatric patients with bony craniovertebral abnormalities. Materials and Methods: The authors studied 189 consecutive cases of pediatric bony craniovertebral junction abnormalities operated between 2001 and March, 2010. Results: The pathologies were developmental (n = 162), traumatic (n = 18) and tuberculous (n = 9). Surgical procedures included transoral decompression (n = 118), occipitocervical fusion (OCF, n = 139), C 1 -C 2 fusion (n = 45), and posterior fossa decompression (n = 5). Methods for OCF included contoured stainless steel rods (n = 86), titanium lateral mass screws and plates (n = 47) and steel wires (n = 6). Constructs of all patients of posterior fixation with contoured rods and wires or lateral mass screw and rod who could be followed up were either stable/fused or were fused and stable. No implant failure was noticed among these two surgical procedures. However, 6 patients with C 1-C 2 fusion had broken wires on follow-up requiring repeat posterior fixation. Good neurological outcome was observed even in poor-grade patients. No significant effect on the curvature or growth of the spine was observed at follow-up. Conclusions: Pediatric craniovertebral junction anomalies can be managed successfully with good outcomes using a low cost contoured rod and wires.
Type I Interferons in Bacterial Infections: A Balancing Act

Defense against bacterial infections requires activation of the immune response as well as timely reestablishment of tissue and immune homeostasis. Instauration of homeostasis is critical for tissue regeneration, wound healing, and host recovery. Recent studies revealed that severe infectious diseases frequently result from failures in homeostatic processes rather than from inefficient pathogen eradication. Type I interferons (IFN) appear to play a key role in such processes. Remarkably, the involvement of type I IFNs in the regulation of immune and tissue homeostasis upon bacterial insult may have beneficial or detrimental consequences for the host. The reasons for such ambivalent function of type I IFNs are not understood. The disparate effects of type I IFNs on bacterial infections are in marked contrast to their well-established protective roles in most viral infections. In this review, we will focus on type I IFN effector mechanisms which balance processes involved in immune and tissue homeostasis during specific bacterial infections and highlight the most important missing links in our understanding of type I IFN functions.
CD99 is a novel prognostic stromal marker in non‐small cell lung cancer

The complex interaction between cancer cells and the microenvironment plays an essential role in all stages of tumourigenesis. Despite the significance of this interplay, alterations in protein composition underlying tumour–stroma interactions are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify stromal proteins with clinical relevance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A list encompassing 203 stromal candidate genes was compiled based on gene expression array data and available literature. The protein expression of these genes in human NSCLC was screened using the Human Protein Atlas. Twelve proteins were selected that showed a differential stromal staining pattern (BGN, CD99, DCN, EMILIN1, FBN1, PDGFRB, PDLIM5, POSTN, SPARC, TAGLN, TNC and VCAN). The corresponding antibodies were applied on tissue microarrays, including 190 NSCLC samples, and stromal staining was correlated with clinical parameters. Higher stromal expression of CD99 was associated with better prognosis in the univariate (p = 0.037) and multivariate (p = 0.039) analysis. The association was independent from the proportion of tumour stroma, the fraction of inflammatory cells and clinical and pathological parameters like stage, performance status and tumour histology. The prognostic impact of stromal CD99 protein expression was confirmed in an independent cohort of 240 NSCLC patients (p = 0.008). Furthermore, double‐staining confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that CD99 was expressed in stromal lymphocytes as well as in cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Based on a comprehensive screening strategy the membrane protein CD99 was identified as a novel stromal factor with clinical relevance. The results support the concept that stromal properties have an important impact on tumour progression.
Weighted Distance Weighted Discrimination and Its Asymptotic Properties

While Distance Weighted Discrimination (DWD) is an appealing approach to classification in high dimensions, it was designed for balanced datasets. In the case of unequal costs, biased sampling, or unbalanced data, there are major improvements available, using appropriately weighted versions of DWD (wDWD). A major contribution of this paper is the development of optimal weighting schemes for various nonstandard classification problems. In addition, we discuss several alternative criteria and propose an adaptive weighting scheme (awDWD) and demonstrate its advantages over nonadaptive weighting schemes under some situations. The second major contribution is a theoretical study of weighted DWD. Both high-dimensional low sample-size asymptotics and Fisher consistency of DWD are studied. The performance of weighted DWD is evaluated using simulated examples and two real data examples. The theoretical results are also confirmed by simulations.
Characterization of Nanocomposites by Thermal Analysis

In materials research, the development of polymer nanocomposites (PN) is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research field with results that could broaden the applications of polymers to many different industries. PN are polymer matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets or elastomers) that have been reinforced with small quantities of nano-sized particles, preferably characterized by high aspect ratios, such as layered silicates and carbon nanotubes. Thermal analysis (TA) is a useful tool to investigate a wide variety of properties of polymers and it can be also applied to PN in order to gain further insight into their structure. This review illustrates the versatile applications of TA methods in the emerging field of polymer nanomaterial research, presenting some examples of applications of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) for the characterization of nanocomposite materials.
School enrolment and executive functioning: A longitudinal perspective on developmental changes, the influence of learning context, and the prediction of pre-academic skills

The present two-year longitudinal study addressed developmental changes in different aspects of executive functioning (i.e., inhibition, updating, and cognitive flexibility) in a sample of 264 children aged between 5 and 7 years. Of special interest were issues of developmental progression over time, the influence of learning context and the predictive power of executive functions and school context for emerging academic skills. The results revealed pronounced improvements in all executive measures, both over time and as a function of age. For the learning context, small and age-dependent effects on executive skills were found. Inhibition uniquely contributed to the prediction of aspects of emerging academic skills, over and above chronological age and language skills.
Effects of Email Addiction and Interruptions on Employees

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of e‐mail interruptions on tasks and to explore the concept of e‐mail addiction within the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a large car rental company in the UK. The first collection method involved observing the effects of simulated e‐mail interruptions on seven employees by measuring the interrupt handling time, the interrupt recovery time, and the additional time required to complete the task given the number of interruptions. The second part of the study involved a questionnaire sent to 100 employees to capture addictive characteristics in employees' e‐mail communication behaviour.Findings – E‐mail interruptions have a negative time impact upon employees and show that both interrupt handling and recovery time exist. A typical task takes one third longer than undertaking a task with no e‐mail interruptions. The questionnaire data show clinical characteristics classify 12 per cent of e‐mail addicts, and behaviou.
Risk assessment of self- and other-directed aggression in adolescent psychiatric inpatient units

Objective: To examine the predictive validity of unstructured clinical risk assessment and associated risk factors for aggression in predicting self- and other-directed aggression in the first 4 weeks of admission for patients admitted to an Australian adolescent psychiatric inpatient facility. Method: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted at the Marian Drummond Adolescent Unit during late 2009 for the period of September 2006 to July 2009. Information collected included admission risk assessment ratings, aggressive incident reports, patient diagnoses, sex and history of aggression and self-harming behaviour. Results: A total of 193 adolescents (aged 13–18 years old) were included in retrospective analyses. The hypothesis that unstructured clinical risk assessment would be predictive of self- and other-directed aggression was partially supported. High risk assessment scores were predictive of engagement in other-directed aggression. A history of physical aggression was also found to be predictive of engagement in other-directed aggression; however, it was not as predictive as the risk assessment rating. High risk assessment scores were not predictive of self-directed aggression. A history of engaging in one or more acts of self-harm or suicide was the most predictive of engagement in self-directed aggression during inpatient stay. Female sex also predicted engagement in self-directed aggression. Conclusions: Based on professional expertise, prior experience and intuition, clinicians are relatively good predictors of other-directed aggression in adolescent inpatient units; however, they are less successful at predicting self-directed aggression in this population. It is possible that, unlike other-directed aggression, self-harming behaviour is heavily dependent on environmental factors and that admission to the inpatient unit removes these triggers from the individual’s environment.
Executive Dysfunction in Cocaine Addiction: Evidence for Discordant Frontal, Cingulate, and Cerebellar Activity

Using a GO-NOGO response inhibition task in which working memory (WM) demands can be varied, we demonstrate that the compromised abilities of cocaine users to exert control over strong prepotent urges are associated with reduced activity in anterior cingulate and right prefrontal cortices, two regions thought to be critical for implementing cognitive control. Furthermore, unlike drug-naive controls, and opposite to the anterior cingulate pattern, cocaine users showed an over-reliance on the left cerebellum, a compensatory pattern previously seen in alcohol addiction. The results indicate that cocaine users find it difficult to inhibit their own actions, particularly when WM demands, which have been shown previously to increase during cue-induced craving for the drug, are increased. The results reveal a neuroanatomical basis for this dysexecutive component to addiction, supporting the suggested importance cognitive functions may play in prolonging abuse or predisposing users toward relapse.
Effect of rejoinders in production questionnaires

Validation of data collection instruments must be a primary research concern in any subfield of applied linguistics. Such concerns are particularly urgent when the collected material is inherently context-sensitive. In interlanguage pragmatics research, the most frequently used instrument for data collection is some form of production questionnaire (PQ). While some studies have been conducted on the validity of PQs as compared to authentic and other types of elicited data, little is known on the effect of different PQ formats. This study investigates the effect of three types of rejoinder-positive, negative, or absent-on non-native and native informants' choices of strategies to perform complaints, requests, and apologies. Results show that strategy choice is differentially affected by rejoinder type. This suggests that findings from studies using different PQ formats may not be comparable, and that different data types and further validation studies are strongly needed.
Tree recruitment and growth on 20-year-old, unreclaimed surface mined lands in West Virginia

Surface mining in West Virginia has disturbed large tracts of forested land. In the 1930s to 1960s, reclamation generally involved replanting of trees on mined sites, but revegetation practices gradually evolved into seeding of forages for erosion control as federal and state laws were enacted in the 1970s. Reforestation of mined lands has recently become an important issue and both federal and state regulatory agencies are returning to forestry as a preferred post-mining land use. This study evaluated tree species recruitment and growth on three, 20-year-old, surface mined areas that were not transplanted with trees. Three transects of 150 m at each site extended across three positions: (1) the flat top after coal removal; (2) the outslope down from the flat top where soil and weathered rock materials had been pushed down the hill; (3) the undisturbed forest. Tree canopy cover and herbaceous cover were determined at 1.5 m intervals along the transect line, and tree density and diameter at breast height were measured for each species located in a plot 2.3 m wide along the line. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 25 cm at 15 m intervals along transects. Soils in all positions generally had loam textures, and soil pH ranged from 4.6 to 6.0 on undisturbed and outslope positions to 6.1 to 6.6 on flat tops. Soils were noticeably thinner and denser on flat tops than in other positions. Undisturbed forests averaged 85% canopy cover and were dominated by tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), with minor contributions from red oak (Quercus rubrum L.), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum (L) DC), sassafras (Sassafras variifolium (Nutt. Nees) and hickory (Carya spp.). Outslopes had primarily red maple, black birch, tuliptree, sourwood and black locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia L.). Flat areas were dominated by herbaceous cover with red maple and black locust being the dominant trees. Areas seeded with herbaceous plants showed low numbers and cover by trees, while areas not seeded with herbaceous plants were almost as heavily covered by trees as undisturbed areas. New guidelines are being developed to aid survival and growth of mid- to late-successional trees on newly reclaimed sites. These include less compaction of soil materials and seeding less aggressive forage species where trees will be planted.
Informal Non-Kin Networks among Homeless Latino and African American Men

This study explores the role social networks play in the daily survival of homeless Latino and African American men. Using a qualitative research design, the author examines how these men initiate, participate in, and maintain social networks, and how their networks function. The analysis compares two groups of Latinos (English and Spanish speakers) and African Americans. The findings support a view of homeless men as active, rational, and competent actors engaged in negotiating their social world. Participants rely on social networks composed of a hierarchy of casual and intimate affiliations. The networks of English-speaking Latinos and of African Americans facilitate their integration into a subculture of street life, whereas those of Spanish-speaking Latinos revolve around their struggles to find work, avoid deportation, and enlist the support of their countrymen. Holistic research approaches are required to advance an accurate understanding of the diverse nature of American homelessness and to institute corrective policy measures.