Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to Search for Dependencies

We demonstrate that a dependency parser can be built using a credit assignment compiler which removes the burden of worrying about low-level machine learning details from the parser implementation. The result is a simple parser which robustly applies to many languages that provides similar statistical and computational performance with best-to-date transition-based parsing approaches, while avoiding various downsides including randomization, extra feature requirements, and custom learning algorithms.
Risk Aversion and the Winner's Curse

This article analyzes an auction in which bidders see independent components of a common prize value. The Nash equilibrium for two rational bidders is shown to be independent of risk attitudes. The information structure allows explicit calculation of an alternative equilibrium in which naive bidders do not correctly discount the value of the prize, contingent on winning, and thus they suffer the winner's curse. Subjects in a laboratory experiment clearly fall prey to the winner's curse; the data conform most closely to the predictions of the naive model. Moreover, the level of risk aversion implied by fitting the naive model is similar to an independent risk aversion measure obtained in a separate (private value) bidding exercise.
CodeHow: Effective Code Search Based on API Understanding and Extended Boolean Model (E)

Over the years of software development, a vast amount of source code has been accumulated. Many code search tools were proposed to help programmers reuse previously-written code by performing free-text queries over a large-scale codebase. Our experience shows that the accuracy of these code search tools are often unsatisfactory. One major reason is that existing tools lack of query understanding ability. In this paper, we propose CodeHow, a code search technique that can recognize potential APIs a user query refers to. Having understood the potentially relevant APIs, CodeHow expands the query with the APIs and performs code retrieval by applying the Extended Boolean model, which considers the impact of both text similarity and potential APIs on code search. We deploy the backend of CodeHow as a Microsoft Azure service and implement the front-end as a Visual Studio extension. We evaluate CodeHow on a large-scale codebase consisting of 26K C# projects downloaded from GitHub. The experimental results show that when the top 1 results are inspected, CodeHow achieves a precision score of 0.794 (i.e., 79.4% of the first returned results are relevant code snippets). The results also show that CodeHow outperforms conventional code search tools. Furthermore, we perform a controlled experiment and a survey of Microsoft developers. The results confirm the usefulness and effectiveness of CodeHow in programming practices.
Barter and non-monetary transactions in transition economies: Evidence from a cross-country survey

This paper reports the findings of a survey of more than 3,000 firms in 20 transition countries. It shows that barter and other non-monetary transactions (including the use of bills of exchange, debt swaps, barter chains, and the redemption of debt in goods) are an important phenomenon in Russia and Ukraine. Contrary to what is commonly believed they are not negligible in Central and Eastern Europe. The causes and consequences vary significantly between countries, but several conclusions emerge strongly. First, barter and other non-monetary transactions are associated in all countries with financing difficulties for firms. They appear to be helping to assure liquidity in an environment in which contract enforcement (including tax enforcement) is uncertain. Secondly, the use of these mechanisms is not significantly related to the restructuring and performance of firms that use them in most countries except Russia. Thirdly, in Russia and Ukraine the nature of non-monetary transacting is importantly different from elsewhere. It is much more associated than elsewhere with market power and limited trading networks. It is also more costly in terms of restructuring and performance. Firms that barter are less likely to improve their existing products, probably because barter enables them to dispose of otherwise unsaleable goods. They are also more likely to engage in internal reorganisation of a kind designed purely to service existing barter chains. Internal reorganisation is strongly associated with improved performance for firms that do not barter, but is unrelated to performance for firms that do. Overall, in Russia and to a lesser extent in Ukraine (but not elsewhere) the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that economic disorganisation, in the sense of Blanchard & Kremer (1997), means that barter and other non-monetary transactions are both more likely to occur and more damaging when they do occur.
Latent Dirichlet Co-Clustering

We present a generative model for simultaneously clustering documents and terms. Our model is a four-level hierarchical Bayesian model, in which each document is modeled as a random mixture of document topics , where each topic is a distribution over some segments of the text. Each of these segments in the document can be modeled as a mixture of word topics where each topic is a distribution over words. We present efficient approximate inference techniques based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and a moment-matching algorithm for empirical Bayes parameter estimation. We report results in document modeling, document and term clustering, comparing to other topic models, Clustering and Co-Clustering algorithms including latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), model-based overlapping clustering (MOC), model-based overlapping co-clustering (MOCC) and information-theoretic co-clustering (ITCC).
Vulvar cancer in Iran: Retrospective study over 20 years (1998-2018)

Background: We did not have any data about vulvar cancer — as a fourth cause of gynecological cancer in the worldwide — in our country. Study Design: Our study is designed to evaluate the frequency, stage and outcome of patients with vulvar cancer. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we studied patients’ records with diagnosis of vulvar cancer who referred to department of gynecology oncology, Emam-Khomeini Hospital (EKH), Tehran, Iran, between January 1998 and December 2018. A total of 106 cases of vulvar cancers were found in the records of outpatient oncology clinic of medical university of Tehran university. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with SPSS version of 24. Results: Mean age of the 106 patients in the study was 59.2 years. The most site of tumor involvement was major labial (39.1%). Vulvar cancer significantly was more in multiparous (P < 0.001) and menopause patients (P < 0.001). Squamous Cell Carcinoma was the most pathology of vulvar cancer (72.2%). Ninety patients (84.9%) had surgery as a primary treatment and 48 (53.3%) of these patients received adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiation after surgery. Mean duration of patient's follow up was 82.4 ± 68.3 month. Five-year survival of our patients in all stages was 71%. Conclusions: Our findings are located between developed and underdeveloped countries. Our patients are diagnosed nearly in earlier stages of disease and 84.9%t of them had surgery as a primary treatment, so earlier surgery resulted in good survival of patients.
Ketogenic Essential Amino Acids Modulate Lipid Synthetic Pathways and Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Mice

Background Although dietary ketogenic essential amino acid (KAA) content modifies accumulation of hepatic lipids, the molecular interactions between KAAs and lipid metabolism are yet to be fully elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings We designed a diet with a high ratio (E/N) of essential amino acids (EAAs) to non-EAAs by partially replacing dietary protein with 5 major free KAAs (Leu, Ile, Val, Lys and Thr) without altering carbohydrate and fat content. This high-KAA diet was assessed for its preventive effects on diet-induced hepatic steatosis and whole-animal insulin resistance. C57B6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet, and hyperinsulinemic ob/ob mice were fed with a high-fat or high-sucrose diet. The high-KAA diet improved hepatic steatosis with decreased de novo lipogensis (DNL) fluxes as well as reduced expressions of lipogenic genes. In C57B6 mice, the high-KAA diet lowered postprandial insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance, in association with restored expression of muscle insulin signaling proteins repressed by the high-fat diet. Lipotoxic metabolites and their synthetic fluxes were also evaluated with reference to insulin resistance. The high-KAA diet lowered muscle and liver ceramides, both by reducing dietary lipid incorporation into muscular ceramides and preventing incorporation of DNL-derived fatty acids into hepatic ceramides. Conclusion Our results indicate that dietary KAA intake improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by modulating lipid synthetic pathways.
Expression of CHI3L1 and CHIT1 in Osteoarthritic Rat Cartilage Model. A Morphological Study

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, which affects millions of people around the world. It occurs when the protective cartilage at the end of bones wears over time, leading to loss of flexibility of the joint, pain and stiffness. The cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, but its development is associated with different factors, such as metabolic, genetic, mechanical and inflammatory ones. In recent years the biological role of chitinases has been studied in relation to different inflammatory diseases and more in particular the elevated levels of human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (CHI3L1) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) have been reported in a variety of diseases including chronic inflammation and degenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate, by immunohistochemistry, the distribution of CHI3L1 and CHIT1 in osteoarthritic and normal rat articular cartilage, to discover their potential role in the development of this disease. The hypothesis was that the expression of chitinases could increase in OA disease. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CHI3L1 and CHIT1 staining was very strong in osteoarthritic cartilage, especially in the superficial areas of the cartilage most exposed to mechanical load, while it was weak or absent in normal cartilage. These findings suggest that these two chitinases could be functionally associated with the development of osteoarthritis and could be used as markers, so in the future they could have a role in the daily clinical practice to stage the severity of the disease. However, the longer-term in vivoand in vitro studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism of these molecules, their receptors and activities on cartilage tissue.
EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS OF ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC RATS (Rattus rattus)

The effect of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf extract on serum glucose and triglyceride level of diabetic rats were investigated. The aqueous extract was administered to alloxan –diabetic rats. The blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels were estimated at time intervals post oral administration of the extract (80 mg/kg). The extract caused significant (P<0.05) and progressive time dependent reduction of blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels in both normoglyceamic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, with similar time course of action. In conclusion, the significant reduction in blood glucose and serum triglyceride level observed in this study may help in alleviating some of the complications associated with diabetic conditions .
SA@Work A Field Study of Software Architecture and Software Quality at Work

Designing and maintaining a software architecture that strikes the right balance between conflicting quality attributes is a daunting task facing every software architect. In the SA@Work project we have conducted ethnographical field studies of practicing software architects in four Danish software companies to study architectural work in general and architectural techniques in particular. In this paper, we describe observed techniques related to architectural quality as input to the architectural body of knowledge. Second, these techniques are classified according to the quality view classification framework of Garvin. Our analysis shows that techniques for assessing and ensuring quality in software architecture predominately view quality as an intrinsic quality of the architecture itself and less view it as related to business and users. This hints at a need to extend the architectpsilas toolbox and may explain observed mismatches between architectural work and agile processes.
An auto-associative neural network model of paired-associate learning

Hebbian hetero-associative learning is inherently asymmetric — storing a forward association, from item A to item B, enables recall of B (given A), but does not permit recall of A (given B). Recurrent networks can solve this problem by associating A to B and B back to A. In these recurrent networks, the forward and backward associations can be differentially weighted to account for asymmetries in recall performance. In the special case of equal strength forward and backward weights, these recurrent networks can be modeled as a single auto-associative network where A and B are two parts of a single, stored pattern. We analyze a general, recurrent neural network model of associative memory and examine its ability to fit a rich set of experimental data on human associative learning. The model fits the data significantly better when the forward and backward storage strengths are highly correlated than when they are less correlated. This network-based analysis of associative learning supports the view that associations between symbolic elements are better conceptualized as a blending of two ideas into a single unit than as separately modifiable forward and backward associations linking representations in memory.
The Relations Among Maternal Depression, Parenting Behaviors, and Adolescents' Perceptions of Family Functioning: The Moderating Effect of Mothers' Couple Relationship Status

Title of Thesis: THE RELATIONS AMONG MATERNAL DEPRESSION, PARENTING BEHAVIORS, AND ADOLESCENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY FUNCTIONING: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF MOTHERS’ COUPLE RELATIONSHIP STATUS Amanda L. Drescher, MS, 2008 Thesis Directed By: Professor Norman B. Epstein, Department of Family Science This study examined relations among maternal depression, parenting behaviors, and adolescents’ perceptions of family functioning. It also investigated whether parenting behavior mediated the relation between maternal depression and adolescents’ perceptions of family functioning, as well as whether mother’s couple relationship status moderated the relation between depression and parenting behavior. Maternal depression was not associated with adolescents’ perceptions of family functioning. Maternal depression was associated with authoritarian and permissive parenting but not with authoritative parenting. Authoritarian and permissive parenting was associated with adolescents’ perceptions of less positive family functioning, whereas authoritative parenting was associated with perceptions of more positive family functioning. Parenting behavior did not mediate between maternal depression and adolescents’ perceptions of family functioning. Overall, mother’s couple relationship status did not moderate the relation between maternal depression and parenting behavior; but there was a trend for the relation between depression and permissive parenting to be stronger when mothers were unpartnered. THE RELATIONS AMONG MATERNAL DEPRESSION, PARENTING BEHAVIORS, AND ADOLESCENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY FUNCTIONING: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF MOTHERS’ COUPLE RELATIONSHIP STATUS
Political Dynasties

Political dynasties have long been present in democracies, raising concerns that this inequality in the distribution of political power may reflect imperfections in democratic representation. However, the persistence of political elites may simply reflect differences in ability or political vocation across families and not their entrenchment in power. We show that political dynasties in the Congress of the United States do not merely reflect permanent differences in family characteristics. On the contrary, using two instrumental variable techniques we find that political power is self-perpetuating: legislators who hold power for longer become more likely to have relatives entering Congress in the future. Thus, in politics, power begets power. JEL codes: D70, J45, N41, N42.
Service Innovation and Service Realisation with VDML and ServiceML

It is shown how a service-oriented and model-based approach for Enterprise Architecture and Enterprise Engineering can provide agile support for the different abstraction and modeling levels from business model and service innovation to cloud-based service realisation. Business model innovation is supported with a basis in a business model framework with six views, where each view is supported by a corresponding diagram from the Value Delivery Modeling Language (VDML). Service innovation is supported by the Service Modeling Language (ServiceML), which shares the core collaboration models of VDML for role modeling and value networks, according to the five views of the AT-ONE service innovation method. Service realisation is supported by further transformation to SoaML and a model-based service execution platform. This approach presents a framework using the emerging OMG standard language VDML together with ServiceML for service design and engineering, relating value models, process models, user interface and interaction flow models, and service architectures and service contract models.
Single-Stage Integer Programming Model for Long-Term Transit Fleet Resource Allocation

The writers present a procedure for resource allocation among transit agencies for transit fleet management, specifically focusing on the purchase of new buses and rebuilding of existing buses. The model is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem of maximizing the total weighted average remaining life of the fleet subject to budgetary, policy, and other constraints. The problem is solved using integer programming and its application is demonstrated through a case study using actual transit fleet data from the Michigan DOT. This proposed model is an extension of earlier research on a two-stage sequential optimization method, solved by linear programming. The proposed model has a single-stage structure designed to attain a better solution by allocating resources among different improvement options and different agencies in a single step. A comparison of the results by the two methods shows that while both approaches are viable, the single-stage approach produces better results. The proposed model, as demonstrated in the case study is considered more robust, compact, efficient and suitable for both short-term and long range planning.
Structural congruences and structural operational semantics

Structural congruences have been used to define the semantics and to capture inherent properties of language constructs. They have been used as an addendum to transition system specifications in Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS). However, there has been little theoretical work on establishing a formal link between theses two semantic specification frameworks. In this paper, we try to fill this gap by accommodating structural congruences inside transition system specifications. The Contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1. Three interpretations of structural congruences in the SOS framework are presented; 2. The three interpretations are compared formally; 3. Syntactic criteria of a congruence format for structural congruences are given and proved correct; 4. Well-definedness criteria for transition system specifications with negative premises are extended to the setting with structural congruences; 5. Operational and equational conservative extensions of languages with structural congruences are studied.
The non-linear correlation function and density profiles of virialized haloes

The correlation function xi(r) of matter in the non-linear regime is assumed to be determined by the density profiles rho(r) and the mass distribution n(M) of virialized halos. The Press--Schechter approach is used to compute n(M), and the stable clustering hypothesis is used to determine the density profiles of these Press--Schechter halos. Thus, the shape and amplitude of xi(r) on small scales is related to the initial power spectrum of density fluctuations. The case of clustering from scale-free initial conditions is treated in detail. If n is the slope of the initial power spectrum of density fluctuations, then stable clustering requires that xi(r)\propto r^{-gamma}, where gamma is a known function of n. If halo--halo correlations can be neglected, then rho(r)\propto r^{-epsilon}, where epsilon = (gamma+3)/2 = 3(4+n)/(5+n). For all values of n of current interest, this slope is steeper than the value 3(3+n)/(4+n) that was obtained by Hoffman & Shaham in their treatment of the shapes of the outer regions of collapsed halos. Our main result is a prediction for the amplitude of the non-linear correlation function. The predicted amplitude and its dependence on n are in good quantitative agreement with N-body simulations of self-similar clustering. If stable clustering is a good approximation only inside the half-mass radii of Press--Schechter halos, then the density contrast required for the onset of stable clustering can be estimated. This density contrast is in the range ~300-600 and increases with the initial slope n, in agreement with estimates from N-body simulations.
Management and Industrial Relations Practices and Outcomes in Australian Workplaces

Poor industrial relations performance can be costly for firms. In particular, employee quits, employee absence, industrial action and substandard relations between management and employees can all be detrimental to the firm. Using the 1995 Australian Workplace and Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS), this paper examines how particular human resource management techniques and industrial relations settings can influence the industrial relations outcomes of Australian workplaces. The results indicate that unions have played an important role in affecting performance outcomes. They also suggest that, although particular human resource management techniques can have an influence on performance, there is no single bundle of human resource management policies that can be applied across workplaces to affect measures of performance in the same way.