Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Autonomous System Taxonomy: The Machine Learning Approach

Although the Internet AS-level topology has been extensively studied over the past few years, little is known about the details of the AS taxonomy. An AS "node" can represent a wide variety of organizations, e.g., large ISP, or small private business, university, with vastly different network characteristics, external connectivity patterns, network growth tendencies, and other properties that we can hardly neglect while working on veracious Internet representations in simulation environments. In this paper, we in- troduce a radically new approach based on machine learning techniques to map all the ASes in the Internet into a natural AS taxonomy. We success- fully classify 95.3% of ASes with expected accuracy of 78.1%. We release to the community the AS-level topology dataset augmented with: 1) the AS taxonomy information and 2) the set of AS attributes we used to classify ASes. We believe that this dataset will serve as an invaluable addition to further understanding of the structure and evolution of the Internet.
An Equilibrium Model of Rollover Lotteries

In a rollover lottery, buyers pick their own numbers, and a jackpot not won adds to the next draw. We develop an equilibrium model of this lottery, since it is a major source of government revenue. Buyers differ in their lottery enjoyment levels, and the market-clearing price is the expected monetary loss on a lottery ticket — namely, ticket face value less expected winnings. The supply curve captures the relation between tickets sold and expected loss implied by the rules of the game. We use this equilibrium model in two empirical applications. First, we test the model’s predictions on the optimal relationship between odds and population size using data from many countries, and across U.S. states. Second, we propose a structural empirical implementation of the model and nonpara-metrically estimate demand for U.S. national rollover lotteries by exploiting the randomness inherent in the rollover mechanism. We find that the model predicts well out of sample and show how to use it to inform lottery design. JEL codes : L10, L83
Right Bundle‐Branch Block: A Vectorcardiographic and Electrocardiographic Study of Ventricular Septal Defect Following Open‐Heart Surgery

Confusion still exists regarding the differentiation between right bundle-branch block and right ventricular hypertrophy. Study of patients after open-heart surgery was helpful in this problem because postoperative changes in electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were clearly due to traumatic disturbance of the right bundle branch and not to right ventricular hypertrophy.
Processing and membrane topology of the spike proteins G1 and G2 of Uukuniemi virus

The membrane glycoproteins G1 and G2 of the members of the Bunyaviridae family are synthesized as a precursor from a single open reading frame. Here, we have analyzed the processing and membrane insertion of G1 and G2 of a member of the Phlebovirus genus, Uukuniemi virus. By expressing C-terminally truncated forms of the p10 precursor containing the whole of G1 and decreasing portions of G2, we found that processing in BHK21 cells occurred with an efficiency of about 50% if G1 was followed by 50 residues of G2, while complete processing occurred if 98, 150, or 200 residues of G2 were present. Surprisingly, processing of all truncated G2 forms was less efficient in HeLa cells. Proteinase K treatment of microsomes isolated from infected cells indicated that the C terminus of G1 is exposed on the cytoplasmic face. Using G1 tail peptide antisera, the tail was likewise found by immunofluorescence to be exposed on the cytoplasmic face in streptolysin O-permeabilized cells. By introducing stop codons at various positions of the G1 tail and at the natural cleavage site between G1 and G2 and expressing these mutants in BHK cells, we found that no further processing of the G1 C terminus occurred following cleavage of G2 by the signal peptidase. This was also supported by the finding that an antiserum raised against a peptide corresponding to the region immediately upstream from the G2 signal sequence reacted in immunoblotting with G1 from virions. Finally, we show that both G1 and G2 are palmitylated. Taken together, these results show that processing of p10 of Uukuniemi virus occurs cotranslationally at only one site, i.e., downstream of the internal G2 signal sequence. G1 and G2 are inserted as type I proteins into the lipid bilayer, leaving the G1 tail exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. Since the G2 tail is only 5 residues long, the G1 tail is likely to be responsible for the interaction with the nucleoproteins during the budding process, in addition to harboring a Golgi localization signal.
Histograms and Wavelets on Probabilistic Data

There is a growing realization that uncertain information is a first-class citizen in modern database management. As such, we need techniques to correctly and efficiently process uncertain data in database systems. In particular, data reduction techniques that can produce concise, accurate synopses of large probabilistic relations are crucial. Similar to their deterministic relation counterparts, such compact probabilistic data synopses can form the foundation for human understanding and interactive data exploration, probabilistic query planning and optimization, and fast approximate query processing in probabilistic database systems. In this paper, we introduce definitions and algorithms for building histogram- and Haar wavelet-based synopses on probabilistic data. The core problem is to choose a set of histogram bucket boundaries or wavelet coefficients to optimize the accuracy of the approximate representation of a collection of probabilistic tuples under a given error metric. For a variety of different error metrics, we devise efficient algorithms that construct optimal or near optimal size B histogram and wavelet synopses. This requires careful analysis of the structure of the probability distributions, and novel extensions of known dynamic-programming-based techniques for the deterministic domain. Our experiments show that this approach clearly outperforms simple ideas, such as building summaries for samples drawn from the data distribution, while taking equal or less time.
Combined fluoride, school-based program in a fluoride-deficient area: results of an 11-year study.

In 1972, a school-based fluoride program was initiated in elementary schools in Nelson County, VA, a fluoride-deficient area. For 11 years, participating children ingested daily in school a 1-mgm fluoride tablet and rinsed weekly with a . 2% sodium fluoride solution. They also received fluoride dentifrice and toothbrushes for home use. The program was extended into junior high school in 1978 and into high school in 1980. In 1983, dental examinations of children aged 6 to 17 years, who had continuously participated in the program for 1 to 11 years depending on school grade, showed a mean prevalence of 3.12 DMFS, which was 65% lower than the corresponding score of 9.02 DMFS for children of the same ages at the baseline examinations. The preventive program inhibited decay in all types of surfaces: 54% in occlusal surfaces; 59% in buccolingual surfaces; and 90% in mesiodistal surfaces.
Influence of bridge pier shape on flow field and scour geometry

ABSTRACT The objective of the present paper is to investigate experimentally the flow field and the local scour around bridge pier of different shapes on a sediment bed. Experiments were carried out using individual piers of rectangular, oblong, trapezoidal, triangular and lenticular shapes with a common aspect ratio to compare the flow field and scour geometry among the shapes at identical flow conditions. The novelty of this study is to identify the scour structures due to different pier shapes and associated mean flows and turbulence, which are responsible for generation of scour. A 3D Micro-acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to record the instantaneous velocity data for five different discharges. It is observed that upstream scour depth was maximum at the leading edge of the rectangular pier, and minimum at the same location for the lenticular. Here, the horseshoe vortex is the main agent of the scour development for any kind of pier shapes, even for the sharp edges, though there is an immediate bifurcation of flow in the triangular and lenticular-nosed piers, where the scour formation is less than the others. The changes in mean velocities and Reynolds stresses due to the pier shapes are discussed and compared to that of flat-bed surface. Since the shape of the pier alters the flow and turbulence, one can expect large variations in flow behavior, and hence different scour formations are observed. The results can be used to identify scour structures around the piers of different shapes for designing and suggesting appropriate protection measures.
A Comparative Analysis of Sentiment Classiﬁcation Models for Improved Performance Optimization

The domain of Natural Language Processing has placed a significant onus on AI/ML engineers to formulate and optimize machine learning models for sentiment analysis since its inception. This research aims to contribute a perspective to the question of the accuracy of machine learning models - both simple and complex - in ascertaining sentiment, and to elucidate methods for optimizing their efficacy based on a multitude of metrics. In pursuit of this objective, this study intends to identify the strengths and weaknesses of diverse sentiment analysis models, conduct a comparative analysis of their performance based on accuracy, speed, and efficiency, and evaluate the impact of pre-processing techniques such as data cleaning, feature selection, and dimensionality reduction on sentiment analysis performance. Additionally, the research endeavours to present recommendations for selecting the most suitable sentiment analysis model in consideration of specific applications and data requirements. The research methodology entails the use of a vast range of models, including Decision Tree, KNN, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Perceptron, Random Forest, SVM, LSTM, and Bi-LSTM. The models’ performance is measured through various metrics, such as Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1, to ensure a comprehensive assessment of their performance characteristics. The study further employs an array of pre-processing techniques, including Contraction Handling, Stopwords, Lemmatiza-tion, and Negation Handling, as well as feature extraction methods such as Bag of Words and TFIDF. These methodologies aim to provide a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of the various approaches to sentiment analysis.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences Differentiation of Adipocytes and Osteocytes from Human Adipose and Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Original article Objective(s): Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be isolated from adult tissues such as adipose tissue and other sources. Among these sources, adipose tissue (because of easy access) and placenta (due to its immunomodulatory properties, in addition to other useful properties), have attracted more attention in terms of research. The isolation and comparison of MSC from these two sources provides a proper source for clinical experimentation. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of MSC isolated from human adipose tissue and placenta. Materials and Methods: Adipose and placental MSC were isolated from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of 10 healthy women (25 to 40 years) and from a fresh term placenta (n= 1), respectively. Stem cells were characterized and compared by flow cytometry using CD29, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD105, CD166 and HLA-DR markers. Osteocytes and adipocytes were differentiated from isolated human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC). Results: Adipose and placenta-derived MSC exhibited the same morphological features. ADSC differentiated faster than placenta; however, both were differentiated, taking up to 21 days for osteocyte and 14 days for adipocyte differentiation. About 90% of PLC-MSC and ADSC were positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD166; and negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Conclusion: The two sources of stem cells showed similar surface markers, morphology and differentiation potential and because of their multipotency for differentiating to adipocytes and osteocytes, they can be applied as attractive sources of MSC for regenerative medicine. Differentiation of adipocytes and osteocytes from human adipose and placental mesenchymal stem cells. Iran J
Altered Cellular Distribution of Phospho‐Tau Proteins Coincides with Impaired Retrograde Axonal Transport in Neurons of Aged Rats

Abstract: We hypothesize that the age‐related degeneration of cytoskeleton in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons renders the NGF‐TrkA signaling system non‐functional and thereby impairs trophic support. Comparing young (4 months) and aged (28 months) rat brain, we examined immunohistochemically the compartmentalization of phosphorylated Tau protein using antibodies phospho‐Tau404 and phospho‐Tau231 of the GSK3β kinase, known to phosphorylate Tau, the neurotrophin NGF, and its receptor P‐TrkA. Retrograde labeling of basal forebrain cholinergic cells after injection of fluorogold into multiple sites in cortex and hippocampus revealed a significantly lower number of fluorogold‐positive cells in aged brain. Despite a lower density of P‐TrkA immunoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus of aged rats, there was no difference in NGF expression. In young animals phospho‐Tau404, phospho‐Tau231, and GSK3 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in neuronal fibers with lower staining in somata both in cortex and hippocampus. By contrast, Tau and GSK3 labeling were confined to the cell bodies in aged rats. This is confirmation that aging leads to a redistribution of cytoskeletal proteins. Since a somatic localization of phospho‐Tau is indicative of cytoskeletal breakdown, we suggest that failure of axonal trafficking may be responsible for the lack of trophic support in aged cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain.
MIT Open Access Articles In Vivo RNAi Screening Identifies a Leukemia-Specific Dependence on Integrin Beta 3 Signaling

We used an in vivo small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screening approach to identify genes that are essential for MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that Integrin Beta 3 ( Itgb3 ) is essential for murine leukemia cells in vivo and for human leukemia cells in xenotransplantation studies. In leukemia cells, Itgb3 knockdown impaired homing, downregulated LSC transcriptional programs, and induced differentiation via the intracellular kinase Syk. In contrast, loss of Itgb3 in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells did not affect engraftment, reconstitution, or differentiation. Finally, using an Itgb3 knockout mouse model, we conﬁrmed that Itgb3 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis but is required for leukemogenesis. Our results establish the signiﬁcance of the Itgb3 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in AML.
Vestibular Rehabilitation Outcomes in the Elderly with Chronic Vestibular Dysfunction

Background Chronic vestibular dysfunction is a frustrating problem in the elderly and can have a tremendous impact on their life, but only a few studies are available. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is an important therapeutic option for the neuro-otologist in treating patients with significant balance deficits. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness in elderly patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction. Materials and Methods A total of 33 patients older than 60 years with chronic vestibular dysfunction were studied. Clinical and objective vestibular tests including videonystagmography (VNG) and dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) were carried out at their first visit, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks post-VRT. The VRT exercises were performed according to Cawthorne and Cooksey protocols. Results Oculomotor assessments were within normal limits in all patients. Nineteen patients (57.57%) showed abnormal canal paralysis on caloric testing which at follow-up sessions; CP values were decreased remarkably after VRT exercises. We found a significant improvement between pre-VRT and post-VRT total DHI scores (P < 0.001). This improvement was most prominent in functional subscore. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that VRT is an effective therapeutic method for elderly patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction.
Physiological responses during a submaximal cycle test in chronic fatigue syndrome.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Numerous studies have assessed physical function in individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) but neglected to match control subjects according to current activity levels, consequently casting doubt on reported results. The purpose of this study was to include current activity levels as one criterion for matching CFS subjects with healthy control subjects in order to more accurately assess physical function in these subjects. METHODS Thirty-one healthy control subjects were matched to CFS subjects according to age, gender, body mass, height, and current activity levels. Physiological function was assessed weekly over a 4-wk period using a submaximal cycle test. RESULTS Comparison of absolute physiological results recorded at the end of each incremental work level of the exercise test showed that ratings of perceived effort (RPE) was the only variable that was significantly different between the two groups. Scores for RPE were significantly higher in CFS subjects for each incremental work level assessed. Conversely, results recorded on completion of the exercise test showed that the control group was capable of a greater power output than the CFS group as reflected by significantly higher scores for watts per kilogram (P < 0.0005), net lactate production (P = 0.003), oxygen uptake (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.0005), respiratory exchange ratio (P = 0.021), and HR values as a percentage of age predicted HR(max) (P = 0.001). End-point RPE scores were again significantly higher in the CFS group (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSION It is proposed that the reduced exercise tolerance in CFS is due to impairment in the mechanisms that constitute effort sense and/or to avoidance behaviors that result in a reluctance by these subject to exercise to full capacity.
Optimal and Sublogarithmic Time Randomized Parallel Sorting Algorithms

This paper assumes a parallel RAM (random access machine) model which allows both concurrent reads and concurrent writes of a global memory.The main result is an optimal randomized parallel algorithm for INTEGER_SORT (i.e., for sorting n integers in the range $[1,n]$). This algorithm costs only logarithmic time and is the first known that is optimal: the product of its time and processor bounds is upper bounded by a linear function of the input size. Also given is a deterministic sublogarithmic time algorithm for prefix sum. In addition this paper presents a sublogarithmic time algorithm for obtaining a random permutation of n elements in parallel. And finally, sublogarithmic time algorithms for GENERAL_SORT and INTEGER_SORT are presented. Our sub-logarithmic GENERAL_SORT algorithm is also optimal.
Metacognition and Headache: Which Is the Role in Childhood and Adolescence?

Headache, in particular migraine, is one of the most frequent neurological symptoms in children and adolescents and it affects about 60% of children and adolescents all over the world. Headache can affect several areas of child’s functioning, such as school, physical activities, peer, and family relationship. The global and severe burden of this disease requires a multidisciplinary strategy and an effective treatment addressed all of the patient’s needs and based on cutting-edge scientific research. In recent years, research has focused on cognitive factors specifically in functions called metacognitive processes. Metacognition can be defined as the knowledge, beliefs, and cognitive processes involved in monitoring, control, and assessment of cognition. Metacognition seems to be closely related to the ability of theory of mind, the ability to infer, and reason about the mental states of other people in order to predict and explain own behavior. Recent studies found a relationship between metacognitive skills and anxiety, depression, motivation, academic performance, human social interactions, and stress symptoms. This relationship is very interesting for headache treatment, because these factors are the most commonly reported triggers in this disorder and there is a high comorbidity with anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with headache. So, headache and these comorbidities, in particular anxiety and depression, may have in common persistent and maladaptive patterns of thinking which are related to maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Further research should assess metacognitive processes of children and adolescents with headache in order to increase their ability to control their own cognitive processes and consequently monitor factors which may trigger the attacks.
Changes to anti-JCV antibody levels in a Swedish national MS cohort

Background The anti-JC virus (JCV) antibody status has been introduced to stratify patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for higher or lower risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Objective To assess the potential utility of anti-JCV antibody levels for earlier diagnosis or prediction of PML. Methods An analytically validated antibody assay was used to determine serological status, normalised optical density values, and dilution titres for anti-JCV antibodies. The method was applied to stored sera of 1157 patients with MS including five cases of PML, all enrolled in the Swedish pharmacovigilance study for natalizumab (NAT). Anticytomegalovirus (CMV) and antivaricella-zoster (VZV) antibody levels served as controls. Results Prior to treatment with NAT, anti-JCV antibody levels were stable in the anti-JCV positive patients. During therapy, a slight decrease in anti-JCV and anti-VZV antibody levels, but not anti-CMV antibody levels, was observed. All five patients who developed PML showed a mild to moderate increase in anti-JCV antibody levels at time of PML diagnosis; pre-PML samples suggested that this increase might start already prior to diagnosis of PML. Conclusions Treatment initiation with NAT may lead to a slight decrease in anti-JCV and anti-VZV antibody levels, suggestive of a mild suppressive effect of NAT on antibody levels. Our findings in five cases of PML demonstrate that the onset of PML can be accompanied by increasing anti-JCV antibodies in serum. Monitoring of anti-JCV antibody levels could potentially be used as a tool for prediction or earlier diagnosis of PML during NAT treatment for MS. Further studies are warranted.
Monolithically Integrated Dual-Output DEML for Full Duplex DPSK-ASK and DPSK-SSB ONU in Ultra-Dense Channel Spaced Access Network

Ultra-dense access network attracts people's attention recently; however, until now it is difficult to implement it commercially owing to cost, footprint, and the traditional complexity of coherent receiver. Single laser, especially integrated laser-based optical network unit (ONU) provides a potential system for simplifying the ONU. Here, we show a 2.5-Gb/s/user bidirectional transmission with 5-GHz channel spacing between uplink and downlink for ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexed. A monolithic integration on dual output dual electro-absorption modulated laser (DEML)-based ONU for “λ-to-the-user” network is demonstrated. Furthermore, bidirectional differential phase-shift keying (DPSK)-amplitude shift keying and DPSK-single side band transmission with low-footprint, monolithically integrated DEML at ONU are also tested.