Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring religious affiliation in Great Britain: the 2011 census in historical and methodological context

Abstract The British religious census of 2011 is located in its broader historical and methodological context. The principal developments in the measurement of religious affiliation (proxy-assigned or self-assigned) in Britain are traced from the Reformation to the present day, charting the relative contribution of the Churches, the State and empirical social science. The key statistics which have emerged from their respective efforts are summarised, with nominal religious affiliation universal until the time of the French Revolution and preponderant until as late as the 1980s. For recent decades, when the profession of faith has been rejected by large numbers of Britons, particular attention is paid to the variant results from different question-wording. Depending upon what is asked, the proportion of the population currently making sense of their lives without asserting a confessional religious identity ranges from one-quarter to one-half. The difficulties of trying to construct a religious barometer through a single, unitary indicator are thus illuminated.
Apraxia Impairs Intentional Retrieval of Incidentally Acquired Motor Knowledge

Apraxia caused by left hemispheric stroke typically impairs skilled sequential movements. After stroke, apraxic patients need to reacquire motor skills by motor learning. The current study assessed for the first time incidental motor sequence learning in apraxic patients. Forty-eight human subjects (henceforth called “patients”) with left hemispheric stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery territory (18 with apraxia and 30 without apraxia) and 17 age-matched healthy controls were tested on a visuomanual serial reaction time task. Subjects performed four blocks consisting of repetitions of a complex six element sequence containing ambiguous pairwise transitions before a new and unfamiliar sequence was introduced in block 5. Reaction time (RT) disadvantages in this fifth block indicated incidental sequence-specific motor learning. The intentional retrieval of the learned motor knowledge was assessed subsequently with a free recall task. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) was performed to investigate for the first time the lesion correlates of deficits in learning and retrieving sequential motor knowledge. Despite generally prolonged RTs, apraxic patients showed sequence-specific motor learning as could be observed in nonapraxic patients and healthy controls. However, apraxic patients showed reduced intentional retrieval of the learned sequence. VLSM revealed that impaired intentional retrieval of motor sequence knowledge resulted from dorsal premotor cortex lesions. Apraxic patients showed a dissociation of preserved incidental motor (sequence) learning and deficient intentional retrieval of this incidentally learned motor knowledge. The data suggest that novel approaches for treating apraxia should focus on incidental motor learning, but that automatic rather than intentional retrieval strategies should be enforced.
Recurrent Human Pose Estimation

We propose a ConvNet model for predicting 2D human body poses in an image. The model regresses a heatmap representation for each body keypoint, and is able to learn and represent both the part appearances and the context of the part configuration. We make the following three contributions: (i) an architecture combining a feed forward module with a recurrent module, where the recurrent module can be run iteratively to improve the performance; (ii) the model can be trained end-to-end and from scratch, with auxiliary losses incorporated to improve performance; (iii) we investigate whether keypoint visibility can also be predicted. The model is evaluated on two benchmark datasets. The result is a simple architecture that achieves performance on par with the state of the art, but without the complexity of a graphical model stage (or layers).
Mandibular incisor extraction: indications and long-term evaluation.

The extraction of a lower incisor constitutes a therapeutic alternative limited to certain occlusal situations, i.e. supernumerary incisors, tooth size anomalies (peg-shaped upper laterals), ectopic eruption and anterior crossbites. The effect of the extraction of a single incisor on the out of retention alignment of lower anterior teeth was studied in 26 treated cases. Initial (T1), final (T2) and 5-8 years out of retention (T3) dental casts were measured. Mean crowding at the start of treatment (T1 = 3.86 mm) relapsed out of retention (T3 = 1.49 mm), with a net mean improvement of 2.37 mm. Little's irregularity index at the start of treatment (T1 = 6.44) relapsed out of retention (T3 = 2.53), with a net mean improvement of T1-T3 = 3.91. Alignment stability seems to be better than that achieved in cases subjected to premolar extraction.
Actions, Feelings, and Values: Foundations of Meaning and Personhood in Dementia

SUMMARY Viktor Frankl's writings on the sources of meaning in human life are compared to emergent views on personhood in older individuals with dementing illnesses. An ethnomethodological study of a CBRF (community based residential facility) with two sections, each housing about 10 persons, revealed meaning in residents' actions, feelings, and expressions of values. These individuals showed it is possible to retain what Frankl called “tragic optimism” despite cognitive deterioration. Through active engagement with their environments and with one another, a wide range of expressed emotions including happiness and humor, and caring sensitivity toward others, these elders showed that given a supportive environment, dementia does not destroy meaning. These observations form the basis of suggestions for pastoral care and ministry with people with dementia.
The Role of Evaluation Apprehension in Rokeach's Value Change Paradigm

Summary The present study was concerned with the role played by evaluation apprehension (5, 6) in the value change paradigm employed by Rokeach (3). Ss were 50 male and female Canadian university undergraduates who were made either apprehensive or nonapprehensive about their performance being evaluated, given a directional cue to rank A World of Beauty either high or low, and asked to rank the 18 terminal values on Rokeach's Value Survey. The results indicate that high evaluation apprehension can produce dramatic upward changes in rankings on the Value Survey and suggest that evaluation apprehension rather than self-dissatisfaction may account for the value changes obtained by Rokeach.
Induced cognitions of love and helpfulness to lost persons

In a field experiment, a total of 161 male and 175 female passersby were asked to remember a love episode or, in the control condition, the memory of a piece of music. They then encountered another confederate who asked for directions. Results showed that participants previously induced with the idea of love spent more time giving directions than did participants in the control group, and that men who retrieved the memory of a love episode were more helpful to female than to male confederates. Results are discussed in light of the gender-role theory of helping (Eagly & Crowley, 1986).
Interpretation of North Pacific Variability as a Short- and Long-Memory Process*

Abstract A major difficulty in investigating the nature of interdecadal variability of climatic time series is their shortness. An approach to this problem is through comparison of models. In this paper a first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] model is contrasted with a fractionally differenced (FD) model as applied to the winter-averaged sea level pressure time series for the Aleutian low [the North Pacific (NP) index] and the Sitka winter air temperature record. Both models fit the same number of parameters. The AR(1) model is a “short-memory” model in that it has a rapidly decaying autocovariance sequence, whereas an FD model exhibits “long memory” because its autocovariance sequence decays more slowly. Statistical tests cannot distinguish the superiority of one model over the other when fit with 100 NP or 146 Sitka data points. The FD model does equally well for short-term prediction and has potentially important implications for long-term behavior. In particular, the zero crossings of the FD model tend t.
Sleep and Attention in Children With ADHD and Typically Developing Peers

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep and attention in both typically developing (TD) children and children with ADHD. Method: The current study examined sleep and attention in 50 children, from 6 to 12 years of age (25 ADHD, 25 TD). Attention was measured using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Long Version and the Attention Network Test–Interaction (ANT-I), which provided an objective measure of alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Sleep was objectively measured using actigraphy. Results: Children with ADHD had poorer alerting and executive attention on the ANT-I, as well as poorer parent-reported attention. In addition, poor sleep predicted performance on alerting attention for children with ADHD and TD children, whereas the interaction between poor sleep and ADHD diagnosis predicted executive attention scores. Conclusion: The findings of the current study highlight the importance of ensuring children are getting good quality sleep to optimize attention, particularly for children with ADHD.
Teachers’ and Pupils’ Perceptions of Technology and the Implications for Curriculum

Abstract The recent explicit inclusion of technology into the science component of the school curriculum in Western Australia necessitates changes in both curriculum materials and the nature of classroom teaching. This paper reports an investigation of the perceptions of technology of senior teachers who are heads of the science department in their schools, and relates these perceptions with those of a sample of 13‐year‐old pupils in this state. The investigation reveals that many teachers have a restricted view of technology which may be interpreted as a view that technology is dependent upon science. Such a view may neglect the historical aspects and societal influences on science and technology. Further, the available evidence indicates that local pupils have a low level of awareness of technology. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for curriculum change and suggests a starting point for achieving a successful balance in the teaching of technology, science and society issues in the .
Two-Step Testing in Employee Selection: Is Score Inflation a Problem?

Unproctored Internet testing in employee selection has become increasingly popular over the past few years. However, there is a concern that cheating during unproctored administrations may influence the test results in terms of score inflation. The current research attempts to determine the extent of cheating on an unproctored Internet test of perceptual speed by analyzing data from a parallel version of the test administered in a proctored setting. Among a sample of 856 job applicants from nine European countries, there was no evidence that cheating occurred. In fact, evidence of an effect operating in the opposite direction was obtained. These results indicate that the use of unproctored Internet testing is appropriate for this type of test.
Multinational and Multicultural Distributed Teams

Teams that span multiple geographic, temporal, and cultural boundaries have become prevalent in many industries and sectors. Researchers from multiple disciplines have begun to examine these multinational, multicultural (MNMC) distributed teams. The purpose of this article is to provide a review and critique of existing research in this area. To this end, the authors examine the ways scholars have conceptualized culture in this research, discuss the role that distribution is found to play in these teams, and provide a research agenda. The authors argue that scholars should continue to complicate their views of culture and embrace nuanced views of distribution to reflect the complexities of MNMC distributed team characteristics and processes.
Managing in Emergence: Capabilities for Influencing the Birth of New Business Fields

This paper deals with management challenges in emergent business networks in times of radical technological change. First, a framework describing the environment of emergent networks is proposed. Second, the processes which constitute the proposed phases of emergence are discussed. Finally, the core company-level tasks in each phase are identified and dynamic capabilities for managing these tasks are suggested.
SKIN AND BODY TEMPERATURES OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND NORMAL SUBJECTS UNDER VARYING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Investigations of the physiologic concomitants of the schizophrenic psychosis have suggested a certain degree of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. 1 It has been difficult, however, to obtain unequivocal experimental data by which to determine the matter. Since the autonomic nervous system controls the responsiveness of the thermoregulating mechanisms, it has been attempted in the following series of studies to determine the state of the former through the physiologic reactions of the latter. There have been reported heretofore no accurate studies under controlled conditions of skin temperature in schizophrenic subjects. It is the general clinical impression that subjects suffering from this psychosis have cold and clammy extremities. Finkelman and Stephens 2 reported a greater fall in body temperature in schizophrenic than in nonpsychotic subjects on exposure to cold baths. Gottlieb and Linder 3 found a greater increase in body temperature in schizophrenic than in normal persons after exposure to
Sex-role stereotyping in British radio advertisements

The study described here attempted to replicate British and American studies of the portrayal of men and women in television advertisements using radio commercials. The main aim was to determine whether the medium of radio is as prone to sex-role stereotyping as is television advertising. Nearly 100 advertisements were content analysed into seven categories referring to the central figure, credibility, role, location, arguments, reward, product and accent. As previously found, male and female characters were portrayed in different ways particularly as regards credibility (males as authorities, females as users), role (males as celebrities/narrator) and location (females in the home more than males). The results are discussed in terms of sex-role stereotyping on different aspects of the mass media.
Paranormal beliefs: their dimensionality and correlates

Lack of conceptual clarity and multivariate empirical studies has troubled research on superstitious, magical and paranormal beliefs. We defined paranormal beliefs as beliefs in physical, biological or psychological phenomena that feature core ontological properties of another ontological category. The aim was to bring together a range of beliefs and their potential correlates, to analyse whether the beliefs form independent subsets, and to test a structural model of the beliefs and their potential correlates. The results (N = 3261) showed that the beliefs could be best described by one higher‐order factor. There were also four lower‐order factors of paranormal beliefs but their explanatory power was low. Magico‐religious beliefs were best explained by high intuitive thinking, a humanistic world view and low analytical thinking. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of the total number of neurons in different brain areas in the Mongolian gerbil: a model of experimental ischemia

The quantitative stereological method is applied to a study of the number of neurons in three different areas in the brains of an animal model, the Mongolian gerbil. The simplicity and accuracy of the method is emphasized. The usefulness of the method and the model is mentioned especially focusing on the major disabling disease in the Western world today, cerebrovascular disorders. Some results are presented to give an idea of the maximum number of neurons in these animals within the delineation of the brain areas here applied.
Prevalence of eating disorders and eating attacks in narcolepsy

Narcoleptic patients suffer frequently from obesity and type II diabetes. Most patients show a deficit in the energy balance regulating orexinergic system. Nevertheless, it is not known, why narcoleptic patients tend to be obese. We examined 116 narcoleptic patients and 80 controls with the structured interview for anorectic and bulimic eating disorders (SIAB) to test the hypothesis that typical or atypical eating attacks or eating disorders may be more frequent in narcoleptic patients. No difference in the current prevalence of eating disorders bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or anorexia nervosa was found, nor was the frequency of eating attacks higher in the narcolepsy group. We conclude that present eating disorders and eating attacks as defined in DSM IV are not the reason for the observed differences in body composition. Additional factors, such as basal metabolic rates and lifestyle factors need to be considered.
Upfront window trial of topotecan in previously untreated children and adolescents with poor prognosis metastatic osteosarcoma

Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma have a poor prognosis. The objectives of the study were to determine the antitumor activity and toxicity of topotecan (daily ×5) in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic osteosarcoma followed by chemotherapy (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide [ICE], alternating with cisplatin and doxorubicin [CD]).
A theoretical framework for an access programme encompassing further education training : remedy for educational wastage?

The contemporary challenge facing education in South Africa is finding ways to assist the vast majority of school-leavers who do not qualify for direct entry into higher education or the world of work. Aside from the needs of a large number of failed matriculants and other learners who have dropped out of school without completing their secondary-school education, there are the special needs of adult learners in the workplace that must be taken into consideration. It is against this backdrop that the country experiences a pressing need for developing skilled graduates. Many educationalists have believed all along that the problems facing school education are so complex that the majority of school-leavers are underprepared for completing higher education successfully. There is no easy solution to this problem and backlogs may take a considerable period to overcome. Over the years, several higher education institutions (HEIs) have resorted to bridging/access programmes as a quick-fix solution to providing an alternative route for learners who could not meet the entry requirements to higher education courses. These programmes were institution-based and had very few uniform characteristics in terms of duration and curriculum; moreover, they failed to provide any certificate qualification or mobility. At the same time, statistics show that the numbers of students in need of such access courses have increased considerably over the years because of the steady reduction in the numbers of learners who pass matric well enough to enter HEIs. The introduction of the Further Education and Training (FET) band (previously known as the senior secondary phase) in the education policy is providing an opportunity for, among other things, developing a proper intermediate structure between the school sector and the higher education sector to cater for the lower achievers, as well as those who are underprepared at the school exit point. This is done by way of broadening the scope and value of the access programmes already existing in our HEIs. The current dispensation is such that securing a higher education qualification is considered to be the exit point. However, it is high time to consider providing alternative median exit points with undergraduate certificate qualifications that could serve as a part of a coherent learning pathway for those who may fail to reach the exit point of higher education degrees and diplomas without interruption. Such an action plan may help to address the burning national issues of unemployment and high crime rate. This article outlines the research that resulted in the development of a comprehensive access model encompassing FET, which may provide a threefold exit facility. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.16(2) 2002: 94-103
Thinking One's Abilities Are Unique and One's Opinions Are Common

College students stated, in writing, their best ability and then estimated the percentage of their peers who are very good at the same activity. Other students stated a personally important opinion and either estimated the percentage of their fellows who would agree with it or estimated the percentage who hold the same position that they hold. The stated abilities and opinions were listed verbatim on separate sheets and given to other students;, for each item on the list, they made the same exact type of estimate as that made by those who generated the statements. As predicted, subjects underestimated the frequency of their own best ability among their peers relative to the "average "other's estimate of the frequency of that ability, but overestimated the frequency with which their fellows would agree with their own opinion relative to the "average" other's estimate of the frequency of that agreement. Subjects tended to underestimate the percentage who hold the same opinion they hold. Discussion focuses on a self-enhancement explanation as well as alternatives to it.
Heavy Metal Pollution of Road Dust and Roadside Soil near a Major Rural Highway

The concentrations of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, nickel and chromium were measured in road dust and roadside soils from a French major highway. The profiles of total levels in the soil as a function of distance from the road edge and as a function of depth were investigated. Lead, zinc, copper and, to a lesser extent, cadmium contamination were found in samples taken on the surface and in the immediate vicinity of the road. The observed concentrations decreased rapidly with distance and depth. Soil samples appeared to exhibit little nickel and chromium pollution. The geochemical phases on which heavy metals (lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium) were fixed preferentially, as well as the potential mobility of the different metals under certain physical and chemical conditions were evaluated. Sequential extractions and single extractions with different reagents were performed. Chromium, which was present mostly in residual form, was mainly of natural origin in the studied samples and was not highly mobilisable. Cadmium was the most easily exchangeable element in case of variations in the physical and chemical conditions but the quantities involved remained small. Lead and copper did not appear to be highly mobile. Only drastic conditions, such as those that may be produced by accidental spillage of a chemical product (acid or complexing agent), mobilised them quantitatively. A significant risk of mobilisation was to be feared only in the case of zinc, which is very sensitive to acid pH.
EXPLORING SCHOOL LEARNING COMMUNITIES: STUDENTS' EARLY LITERACY TRANSFORMATIONS

In this study, I examined a learning community of remedial readers and writers struggling with emergent forms of literacy and documented their transformations of this literacy into more conventional forms. I explored how more knowledgeable others engaged students in discourse and activities to support early literacy learning in several places within the school community (e.g., regular classroom, remedial resource room, library). Based on the analyses that explored the potential mediation of students literacy learning within several settings, four main themes emerged to help explain the nature of the mediating activities: decision-making, opportunity, choice, and engagement.