Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fixation and Saccade Based Face Recognition from Single Image per Person with Various Occlusions and Expressions

Face recognition technique is widely used in the real-world applications over the past decade. Different from other biometric traits such as fingerprint and iris, face is the biological nature for humans to recognise a person even met just once. In this paper, we propose a novel method, which simulates the mechanism of fixations and saccades in human visual perception, to handle the face recognition from single image per person problem. Our method is robust to the local deformations of the face (i.e., expression changes and occlusions). Especially for the occlusion related problems, which have not received enough attentions compared with other challenging variations of illumination, expression and pose, our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches despite various types of occlusions. Experimental results on the FRGC and the AR databases confirm the effectiveness of our method.
Characterisation, wear and corrosion testing of laser-deposited AISI 316 reinforced with ceramic particles

Abstract Direct laser deposition was used to create tracks and surfaces using AISI 316 stainless steel powder blended with alumina, tungsten carbide or chromium carbide, with the aim to apply localised reinforcement to stainless steel components. Co-deposition of the powders was carried onto an AISI 316 stainless steel surface to evaluate parameters, and to produce specimens for metallography, EDX and XRD analysis and microhardness tests. Testing of the specimens produced using selected parameters included pin-on-disc wear tests, slurry pot erosion and corrosion testing. The alumina failed to produce a useful improvement to material properties. Tungsten carbide improved wear resistance by 260 times while erosion resistance was doubled; chromium carbide gave a maximum improvement of 88 time to sliding wear resistance, and a 2·3 times maximum improvement of erosion resistance. Chromium carbide-reinforced material furthermore performed well in corrosion tests. The deposition and testing of these materials is described and the outcome of the tests carried out is reported.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease

Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of anaemia in decompensated chronic liver disease patients.Objectives:1)To detect the abnormalities of rbcs in a cirrhotic patient.2)To find the type of anaemia in a patient with decompensated chronic liver disease. Materials and methods:1)To asses the precvalance of anaemia in decompensated chronic liver disease. The study was conducted in sreebalaji medical college and hospital from 2011 to 2013.2). About 100 patients were selected in random from patients coming to department of general medicine opd and ward patients.CONCLUSION The study revealed 86 percent had anaemia helping in early diagnosis of anaemia in decompensated chronic liver disease patients and could play a role in in treatment of patients earlier and prevent morbidity and mortality Liver is the largest organ of the body, weighing thrombopoietin) and immune functions. Primary liver 1-1.5kg and representing 1.5-2.5 percentage of the lean problems like cirrhosis can lead to hematological body mass. The liver is located in the right upper abnormalities and primary hematological diseases can quadrant of the abdomen under the right lower rib cage in turn affect the liver and its functioning. against the diaphragm and projects for a variable extent Cirrhosis is a condition that is defined into the left upper quadrant. histopathologically and has a variety of clinical
Abatement of Methane Production from Ruminants: Trends in the Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation

Methane emitted from ruminant livestock is regarded as a loss of feed energy and also a contributor to global warming. Methane is synthesized in the rumen as one of the hydrogen sink products that are unavoidable for efficient succession of anaerobic microbial fermentation. Various attempts have been made to reduce methane emission, mainly through rumen microbial manipulation, by the use of agents including chemicals, antibiotics and natural products such as oils, fatty acids and plant extracts. A newer approach is the development of vaccines against methanogenic bacteria. While ionophore antibiotics have been widely used due to their efficacy and affordable prices, the use of alternative natural materials is becoming more attractive due to health concerns regarding antibiotics. An important feature of a natural material that constitutes a possible alternative methane inhibitor is that the material does not reduce feed intake or digestibility but does enhance propionate that is the major hydrogen sink alternative to methane. Some implications of these approaches, as well as an introduction to antibiotic-alternative natural materials and novel approaches, are provided.
Strength training

Abstract Introductory textbooks commonly state that Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are responsible for a reflex response that inhibits a muscle producing dangerously high tension (autogenic inhibition). Review of the relevant data from animal studies demonstrates that there is wide variability in the magnitude of, and even the presence of, GTO autogenic effects among locomotor hindlimb muscles, and that data on GTO effects under conditions of voluntary maximal muscle activation are lacking. A single available study on GTO function in humans, during a moderate contraction, surprisingly shows a reduction in autogenic inhibition during muscle‐force production. Further, it is not possible to find experimental evidence supporting the idea that strength training may produce a decrease in GTO mediated autogenic inhibition, allowing greater muscle activation levels and hence greater force production.
Spatial Normalization of Brain Images with Focal Lesions Using Cost Function Masking

In studies of patients with focal brain lesions, it is often useful to coregister an image of the patient's brain to that of another subject or a standard template. We refer to this process as spatial normalization. Spatial normalization can improve the presentation and analysis of lesion location in neuropsychological studies; it can also allow other data, for example from functional imaging, to be compared to data from other patients or normal controls. In functional imaging, the standard procedure for spatial normalization is to use an automated algorithm, which minimizes a measure of difference between image and template, based on image intensity values. These algorithms usually optimize both linear (translations, rotations, zooms, and shears) and nonlinear transforms. In the presence of a focal lesion, automated algorithms attempt to reduce image mismatch between template and image at the site of the lesion. This can lead to significant inappropriate image distortion, especially when nonlinear transforms are used. One solution is to use cost-function masking-masking the areas used in the calculation of image difference-to exclude the area of the lesion, so that the lesion does not bias the transformations. We introduce and evaluate this technique using normalizations of a selection of brains with focal lesions and normal brains with simulated lesions. Our results suggest that cost-function masking is superior to the standard approach to this problem, which is affine-only normalization; we propose that cost-function masking should be used routinely for normalizations of brains with focal lesions.
ADRB2 Gly16Arg polymorphism, asthma control and lung function decline

Arg/Arg homozygotes for the Gly16Arg polymorphism in the &bgr;2-adrenoreceptor gene (ADRB2) have a reduced response to short-acting &bgr;2-agonists but no effect has been associated with long-acting &bgr;2-agonists (LABAs). We selected 604 subjects with current asthma from the European Community Respiratory Health Study to evaluate whether asthma control and lung function decline were associated with Gly16Arg polymorphism, and to test whether LABA or inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use modified these effects. There was an increased risk of noncontrolled asthma (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.75; p=0.046) for each Arg allele. Among nonusers of ICS, the odds ratio of noncontrolled asthma among Arg/Arg versus Gly/Gly subjects was 2.73 (95% CI 1.28–5.82; p=0.009). No increased risk of noncontrolled asthma associated with the Arg allele was observed among ICS and/or LABA users. For each Arg allele, a mean±se decrease in decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 7.7±2.5 mL·yr−1 was found (p-value for trend 0.003), irrespective of ICS or LABA use. Arg/Arg subjects had an increased risk of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) versus Gly/Gly subjects, with an odds ratio of 2.51 (95% CI 1.12–5.63; p=0.025) if they did not use ICS. The Arg allele was associated with poorer asthma control, a steeper lung function decline and BHR. Absence of genotypic effects on asthma control among ICS users may be due to reversed &bgr;2-adrenoreceptor desensitisation.
Investigation into Chemo-Mechanical Fixed Abrasive Polishing of Fused Silica with the Assistance of Ultrasonic Vibration

Ultrasonic vibration assisted processing is well known for the improvement in machined surface quality and processing efficiency due to the reduced forces and tribology-generated heating when grinding hard-brittle materials. We transplanted this philosophy to chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing of optical glass, namely fused silica, in an attempt to improve surface roughness and/or material removal rate. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the fundamental characteristics of chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing of fused silica in the presence and absence of ultrasonic vibration on a setup with an in-house built gadget. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration assisted chemo-mechanical fixed abrasive polishing can yield increased material removal rate while maintaining the surface roughness of manufactured optics compared to conventional fixed abrasive polishing without ultrasonic vibration. The mechanism of material removal in fixed abrasive polishing was also delved. We found that the glass material is removed through the synergic effects of chemical and mechanical actions between abrasives and glass and the resultant grinding swarf contains ample Si element as well as Ce element, standing in stark contrast to the polisher that contains abundant Ce element and minor Si element.
Smokeless tobacco use in Urban Indian women: Prevalence and predictors

Abstract Context: India is the second largest consumer of tobacco. Tobacco consumption in nonsmoking forms is culturally accepted even among women. Aims: This study aimed at understanding the patterns and predictors of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among the urban low-socioeconomic women in Mumbai, India. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional community-based survey of tobacco usage among women residing in seven low-socioeconomic communities in suburbs of Mumbai, India. Staff for the study was recruited, trained, clusters selected, accurately mapped, households identifi ed, meetings held with community leaders, and household surveys conducted. Women using tobacco were invited to participate in the detailed survey and interviewed to document the various sociodemographic factors and in depth information on tobacco use. The data were computerized and analyzed. Results: About 22.30% of the total female population consumed tobacco, mainly in the smokeless forms, with only 0.50% of the tobacco users using smoked tobacco. Masheri was the most common form of tobacco used, followed by chewing tobacco. The median frequency of use of different tobacco products varied from 2 to 4 per day. The mean age at initiation of tobacco was 26.23 years. According to the results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, illiterate women, with advancing age, belonging to Hindu, Muslim, or Buddhist communities, who were either manual laborers or housewives, divorced or separated, and speaking Marathi were at higher risk of being tobacco user. Conclusion: Patterns and predictors of SLT use among women have been identifi ed in the present study. This will guide in planning prevention and control strategies.
Uncertain Conditionals and Counterfactuals in (Non-)Causal Settings

Conditionals are basic for human reasoning. In our paper, we present two experiments, which for the first time systematically compare how people reason about indicative conditionals (Experiment 1) and counterfactual conditionals (Experiment 2) in causal and non-causal task settings (N = 80). The main result of both experiments is that conditional probability is the dominant response pattern and thus a key ingredient for modeling causal, indicative, and counterfactual conditionals. In the paper, we will give an overview of the main experimental results and discuss their relevance for understanding how people reason about conditionals.
Outbreak Caused by an Ertapenem-Resistant, CTX-M-15-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 101 Clone Carrying an OmpK36 Porin Variant

ABSTRACT Although numerous studies have documented outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) possessing various carbapenemases, reports on outbreaks due to CRKP possessing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or AmpCs with porin lesions have been limited. Here, we describe an outbreak caused by an ertapenem-resistant, CTX-M-15-producing clonal K. pneumoniae strain expressing an OmpK36 porin variant. From May 2012 to November 2012, 37 ertapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates phenotypically negative for carbapenemase production were recovered from 19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a Greek hospital. The isolates were either susceptible or intermediate to other carbapenems and resistant to all remaining β-lactams but cefotetan. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed the presence in all isolates of the bla CTX-M-15 gene on a conjugative 100-kb plasmid, disruption in the expression of the ompK35 gene, and the production of an Ompk36 porin variant. The index case was a patient admitted from another hospital. Active surveillance upon admission and on a weekly basis was immediately initiated; environmental samples were also periodically tested. Molecular typing showed that all clinical isolates as well as two ertapenem-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to the same clonal type and were assigned to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence type 101 (ST101). As all colonized/infected patients were hospitalized during overlapping periods, cross-infection was considered the main route for the dissemination of the outbreak strain. Despite reinforcement of infection control measures and active surveillance, the outbreak lasted approximately 7 months. Identification of hidden carriers upon admission and by screening on a weekly basis was found valuable for early recognition and subsequent successful management of the outbreak.
Health Profiles and Profile-Specific Health Expectancies of Older Women and Men: The Netherlands

SUMMARY This study focuses on gender differences in health profiles, and examines which health profiles drive gender differences in remaining life expectancy in women and men aged 65 and over in The Netherlands. Data from the first two cycles of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 2,141 and 1,659, respectively) were used to calculate health profiles for individuals of 65–85 years. For both women and men, six profiles were found: I. cancer; II. “other” chronic diseases; III. cognitive impairment; IV. frailty or multimorbidity; V. cardiovascular diseases; and VI. good health. The further characterization of these types showed some gender differences. Remaining life expectancy for women was greater than for men in each health profile. A decomposition into health expectancies showed that both women and men could expect to live about 5 years in good health from age 66. The greatest gender differences in years spent with health problems were found for profile IV and for profile III. Their greater number of years spent in these health states have direct consequences for the type and cost of care women need.
Bridging defects resistance measurements in a CMOS process

Measurements on process-related defect nionitwing ,wcijers are presented in order to euuluute the i,csisluiict. ,ualu,e of b ridyzng deJects zn CMOS VLSI circu~ts. 'I'he inethodoloyy u sed is dlustrated and statzstics OIL the 1.esistance values are p resented. As a result, the vast niajoi-zty of the measured brzdges have a 1o.w 7.eszsta. nce. Only a small percentage of the brzdges has U i.eszstunce va1u.e above 500 R, while the exact percentage cui1 vuq strongly from batch to batch. Tlirs high resisturict. does not seem to be the result of the materzal of the defect itself, but rather the result o f the form and locatzon of the defect. These circumstances can result rn one or two poor contacts between. the defect and the destgn,ed stlucture of the IC, and thus in a hrgh reszsizue defect.
Decision by Sampling and Memory Distinctiveness: Range Effects from Rank-Based Models of Judgment and Choice

To what extent are preferences for risk – and for other economic quantities – stable, and to what extent are they malleable and context-dependent? Judgments and choices are strongly influenced by the context of available options in both the laboratory and the real world (e.g., Parducci, 1995; Sharpe et al., 2008), and this applies both to choices between risky options and more generally (Stewart et al., 2003). What cognitive processes underpin these contextual influences? According to the decision by sampling model (DbS: Stewart et al., 2006), judgments of a stimulus in a context depend solely on the relative ranked position of the stimulus within the remembered or experienced context of judgment. The claim that only relative ranked position matters appears, however, to contradict both empirical data and an earlier model of judgment, range frequency theory (RFT: Parducci, 1965, 1995), according to which the position of a stimulus with respect to the highest and lowest stimuli in the context (its range position) also matters. Here we show that a purely rank-based approach can account for apparent range effects when the relative memorability of contextual items, as independently determined by a memory model (Brown et al., 2007), is taken into account.
University of Birmingham The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification

Recent success in the ampliﬁcation of ancient DNA (aDNA) from fossil humans has led to calls for further tests to be carried out on similar material. However, there has been little systematic research on the survival of DNA in the fossil record, even though the environment of the fossil is known to be of paramount importance for the survival of biomolecules over archaeological and geological timescales. A better understanding of aDNA survival would enable research to focus on material with greater chances of successful ampliﬁcation, thus preventing the unnecessary loss of material and valuable researcher time. We argue that the thermal history of a fossil is a key parameter for the survival of biomolecules. The thermal history of a number of northwest European Neanderthal cave sites is reconstructed here and they are ranked in terms of the relative likelihood of aDNA survival at the sites, under the assumption that DNA depurination is the principal mechanism of degradation. The claims of aDNA ampliﬁcation from material found at Lake Mungo, Australia, are also considered in the light of the thermal history of this site. (cid:1)
Angiosarcoma after breast‐conserving therapy

Angiosarcoma arising in the irradiated breast after breast‐conserving therapy is being reported with increasing frequency. As more women undergo breast‐conserving therapy, the incidence can be expected to increase. Surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists will be faced with difficult management decisions for this aggressive disease.
IL2RA Genetic Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Production

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are organ-specific autoimmune disorders with significant heritability, part of which is conferred by shared alleles. For decades, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex was the only known susceptibility locus for both T1D and MS, but loci outside the HLA complex harboring risk alleles have been discovered and fully replicated. A genome-wide association scan for MS risk genes and candidate gene association studies have previously described the IL2RA gene region as a shared autoimmune locus. In order to investigate whether autoimmunity risk at IL2RA was due to distinct or shared alleles, we performed a genetic association study of three IL2RA variants in a DNA collection of up to 9,407 healthy controls, 2,420 MS, and 6,425 T1D subjects as well as 1,303 MS parent/child trios. Here, we report “allelic heterogeneity” at the IL2RA region between MS and T1D. We observe an allele associated with susceptibility to one disease and risk to the other, an allele that confers susceptibility to both diseases, and an allele that may only confer susceptibility to T1D. In addition, we tested the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2RA) in the serum from up to 69 healthy control subjects, 285 MS, and 1,317 T1D subjects. We demonstrate that multiple variants independently correlate with sIL-2RA levels.
Comparative Study of Vibration Condition Indicators for Detecting Cracks in Spur Gears

This paper reports the results of an empirical study on the tooth breakage failure mode in spur gears. Of four dominant gear failure modes (breakage, wear, pitting, and scoring), tooth breakage is the most precipitous and often leads to catastrophic failures. The cracks were initiated using a fatigue tester and a custom-designed single-tooth bending fixture to simulate over-load conditions, instead of traditional notching using wire electrical discharge machining (EDM). The cracks were then propagated on a dynamometer. The ground truth of damage level during crack propagation was monitored with crack-propagation sensors. Ten crack propagations have been performed to compare the existing condition indicators (CIs) with respect to their: ability to detect a crack, ability to assess the damage, and sensitivity to sensor placement. Of more than thirty computed CIs, this paper compares five commonly used: raw RMS, FM0, NA4, raw kurtosis, and NP4. The performance of combined CIs was also investigated, using linear, logistic, and boosted regression trees based feature fusion.
A tale of two cores: Triggered massive star formation in the bright-rimmed cloud SFO 75

Context. Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are isolated molecular clouds located on the edges of evolved HII regions. Star formation within the BRCs may have been triggered through the propagation of photoionisation-induced shocks driven by the expansion of the HII region. Aims. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the current level of star formation within one of these clouds and evaluate to what extent, if any, star formation may have been triggered. Methods. We present a detailed multi-wavelength study of the BRC SFO 75, including 1.3 cm and 1.2 mm continuum, and 13 CO and ammonia spectral line observations. To build up a comprehensive picture of the local environment we complement our observations with archival data from the 2MASS, GLIMPSE and IRAS surveys. Results. The 13 CO and 1.2 mm emission reveals the presence of a dense core located behind the bright rim of the cloud which is approximately coincident with that of the IRAS point source. From an analysis of the IRAS and 1.2 mm fluxes we derive a dust – –