Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Stage-Specific Regulation of the Circadian Clock by Temperature in Zebrafish

The circadian clock enables animals to adapt their physiology and behaviour in anticipation of the day-night cycle. Light and temperature represent two key environmental timing cues (zeitgebers) able to reset this mechanism and so maintain its synchronization with the environmental cycle. One key challenge is to unravel how the regulation of the clock by zeitgebers matures during early development. The zebrafish is an ideal model for studying circadian clock ontogeny since the process of development occurs ex utero in an optically transparent chorion and many tools are available for genetic analysis. However, the role played by temperature in regulating the clock during zebrafish development is poorly understood. Here, we have established a clock-regulated luciferase reporter transgenic zebrafish line (Tg (−3.1) per1b::luc) to study the effects of temperature on clock entrainment. We reveal that under complete darkness, from an early developmental stage onwards (48 to 72 hpf), exposure to temperature cycles is a prerequisite for the establishment of self-sustaining rhythms of zfper1b, zfaanat2, and zfirbp expression and also for circadian cell cycle rhythms. Furthermore, we show that following the 5–9 somite stage, the expression of zfper1b is regulated by acute temperature shifts.
The Chordal Graph Polytope for Learning Decomposable Models

This theoretical paper is inspired by an integer linear programming (ILP) approach to learning the structure of decomposable models. We intend to represent decomposable models by special zeroone vectors, named characteristic imsets. Our approach leads to the study of a special polytope, defined as the convex hull of all characteristic imsets for chordal graphs, named the chordal graph polytope. We introduce a class of clutter inequalities and show that all of them are valid for (the vectors in) the polytope. In fact, these inequalities are even facet-defining for the polytope and we dare to conjecture that they lead to a complete polyhedral description of the polytope. Finally, we propose an LP method to solve the separation problem with these inequalities for use in a cutting plane approach.
The Origin, Development, and Regulation of Norms

Internalized Norms . 382 C. A Unified Theory of Group and Societal N orm s . 386 * Professor, Boston University School of Law. B.A. 1982, University of North Carolina; J.D. 1985, University of Virginia. Ed. I researched this article while on the faculty at Chicago-Kent College of Law and I would like to thank many colleagues there for their support and assistance, particularly Anita Bernstein, Jacob Corr6, Rick Hasen, Steve Heyman, and Hal Krent. In addition, I appreciate the helpful comments on drafts I received from Robert Ellickson, Lawence Lessig, Saul Levinore, David Lyons, Anna-Maria Marshall, Philip Pettit, Eric Posner, Robert Seidman, and the participants in faculty workshops at Boston University and the University of Illinois. My work on this article was supported by the Marshall D. Ewell Fund. HeinOnline -96 Mich. L. Rev. 338 1997-1998
Classification and Multilinguism : Getting at Words via N-grams of Characters Ismaïl Biskri

Genuine numerical multilingual text classification is almost impossible if only words are treated as the privileged unit of information. Although text tokenization (in which words are considered as tokens) is relatively easy in English or French, it is much more difficult for other languages such as German or Arabic. Moreover, stemming, typically used to normalize and reduce the size of the lexicon, constitutes another challenge. The notion of N-grams of words (i.e. sequences of N words, with N typically equals to 2, 3 or 4) which, for the last ten years, seems to have produced good results both in language identification and speech analysis, has recently become a privileged research axis in several areas of knowledge extraction from text. In this paper, we present a text classification software based on N-grams of characters (not words), evaluate its results on documents containing text written in English and French, and compare these results with those obtained from a different classification tool based exclusively on the processing of words. An interesting feature of our software is that it does not need to perform any language-specific processing and is thus appropriate for multilingual text classification.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 6-18-2013 Exploring Big Data Challenges : Factors Affecting Individuals ’ Intention for Authorizing Their Network Operators the Usage of Their Personal Information

We are living in an era where data means opportunities. New technologies have made it possible to collect and store huge amounts of data. The telecommunications sector, specifically Network Operators, is one of the industries that could benefit from these opportunities. By exploiting this asset, Network Operators could survive lost revenue due to the commoditization of traditional services by other players such as Google and Skype. However, according to information privacy laws, without the permission of their customers, Network Operators have many limitations in using data. In this light, the purpose of this study is to analyze the main factors that affect individuals’ intention to grant permission to their Network Operators to use their personal information, and to look at the differences between smartphone and nonsmartphone users. We used a survey to measure “intention”, “privacy-related attitudes”, and “salient beliefs”; and received 475 responses. The results are expected to have both theoretical and managerial implications. Moreover, these results may suggest to managers which strategies they should focus on to encourage their customers to give permission to use their personal information.
Student Attitudes Towards The Integration Of YouTube In Online, Hybrid, And Web-Assisted Courses: An Examination Of The Impact Of Course Modality On Perception

Current mediated realities and the proliferation of user generated online content have introduced a multiplicity of measures for publishing and accessing instructional resources. Educators are encouraged to harness these contemporary modalities in order to engage today’s digital learners. In particular, the research suggests that targeted YouTube videos enhance the engagement, depth of understanding, and the overall satisfaction of students. This paper will discuss the benefits of the use of YouTube in the instructional process consistent with the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. Additionally, the findings of a study conducted at a Mid-Atlantic Historically Black College or University (HBCU) that focused on the impact of YouTube on course instruction and student engagement as well as differences in perception based on gender and course modality will be presented. According to the findings, incorporation of YouTube into course instruction enhances student’s perception of learning efficacy and increases engagement, gender has no impact on the perceived value of YouTube in the teaching and learning process, and course delivery method impacts student opinion whereas students who favor fully online instruction demonstrate a predilection to want YouTube integrated into course instruction, watch course YouTube videos, and consider course embedded videos more favorably than traditional students. There are a number of relevant implications to the findings presented in this paper that illustrate that YouTube supports multimedia learning and student engagement and is particularly effective at enhancing the educational experience of fully online learners. Finally, it puts forward the idea that course delivery method should be taken into consideration when determining use of online videos and video sharing services.
An Institutional Retrospective Analysis of 93 Patients with Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer: Treatment Outcomes, Diagnosis-Specific Prognostic Factors

To evaluate the prognostic factors and indexes of a series of 93 patients with breast cancer and brain metastases (BM) in a single institution. Treatment outcomes were evaluated according to the major prognostic indexes (RPA, BSBM, GPA scores) and breast cancer subtypes. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were identified. The median OS values according to GPA 0–1, 1.5–2, 2.5–3 and 3.5–4, were 4.5, 9.5, 14.2 and 19.1 months, respectively (p < 0.0001) and according to genetic subtypes, they were 5, 14.2, 16.5 and 17.1 months for basal-like, luminal A and B and HER, respectively (p = 0.04). Using multivariate analysis, we established a new grading system using the six factors that were identified as indicators of longer survival: age under 60 (p = 0.001), high KPS (p = 0.007), primary tumor control (p = 0.05), low number of extracranial metastases and BM (p = 0.01 and 0.0002, respectively) and triple negative subtype (p = 0.002). Three groups with significantly different median survival times were identified: 4.1, 9.5 and 26.3 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). Our new grading system shows that prognostic indexes could be improved by using more levels of classification and confirms the strength of biological prognostic factors.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Anesthetic Considerations

Aortic valvular stenosis remains the most common debilitating valvular heart lesion. Despite the benefit of aortic valve (AV) replacement, many high-risk patients cannot tolerate surgery. AV implantation treats aortic stenosis without subjecting patients to sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and aorta cross-clamping. This transcatheter procedure is performed via puncture of the left ventricular (LV) apex or percutaneously, via the femoral artery or vein. Patients undergo general anesthesia, intense hemodynamic manipulation, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). To elucidate the role of the anesthesiologist in the management of transcatheter AV implantation, we review the literature and provide our experience, focusing on anesthetic care, intraoperative events, TEE, and perioperative complications. Two approaches to the aortic annulus are performed today: transfemoral retrograde and transapical antegrade. Iliac artery size and tortuosity, aortic arch atheroma, and pathology in the area of the (LV) apex help determine the preferred approach in each patient. A general anesthetic is tailored to achieve extubation after procedure completion, whereas IV access and pharmacological support allow for emergent sternotomy and initiation of CPB. Rapid ventricular pacing and cessation of mechanical ventilation interrupts cardiac ejection and minimizes heart translocation during valvuloplasty and prosthesis implantation. Although these maneuvers facilitate exact prosthesis positioning within the native annulus, they promote hypotension and arrhythmia. Vasopressor administration before pacing and cardioversion may restore adequate hemodynamics. TEE determines annulus size, aortic pathology, ventricular function, and mitral regurgitation. TEE and fluoroscopy are used for positioning the introducer catheter within the aortic annulus. The prosthesis, crimped on a valvuloplasty balloon catheter, is implanted by inflation. TEE immediately measures aortic regurgitation and assesses for aortic dissection. After repair of femoral vessels or LV apex, patients are allowed to emerge and assessed for extubation. Observed and published complications include aortic regurgitation, prosthesis embolization, mitral valve disruption, hemorrhage, aortic dissection, CPB, stroke, and death. Transcatheter AV implantation relies on intraoperative hemodynamic manipulation for success. Transfemoral and transapical approaches pose unique management challenges, but both require rapid ventricular pacing, the management of hypotension and arrhythmias during beating-heart valve implantation, and TEE. Anesthesiologists will care for debilitated patients with aortic stenosis receiving transcatheter AV implantation.
Contribution of Forest Restoration to Rural Livelihoods and Household Income in Indonesia

Forest resources remain vital to the survival of many rural communities, though the level of forest reliance varies across a range of sites and socio-economic settings. This article investigates variation in forest utilization across households in three ethnic groups living near a forest restoration area in Sumatra, Indonesia. Survey data were collected on 268 households, with a four-month recall period and three repeat visits to each selected household within a year. Random sampling was applied to select households in five villages and five Batin Sembilan (indigenous) semi-nomadic groups. Sampled households belonged to three ethnic groups: 15% were Batin Sembilan, 40% Local Malayan, and 45% Immigrant households. Indigenous households displayed the highest reliance on forests: 36% of their annual total income came from this source, as compared with 10% and 8% for Local and Immigrant households, respectively. Our findings showed that the livelihoods of indigenous groups were still intricately linked with forest resources, despite a rapid landscape-wide transition from natural forest to oil palm and timber plantations.
Clearance of Fetuin-A–Containing Calciprotein Particles Is Mediated by Scavenger Receptor-A

Rationale: Fetuin-A is a liver-derived plasma protein involved in the regulation of calcified matrix metabolism. Biochemical studies showed that fetuin-A is essential for the formation of protein-mineral complexes, called calciprotein particles (CPPs). CPPs must be cleared from circulation to prevent local deposition and pathological calcification. Objective: We studied CPP clearance in mice and in cell culture to identify the tissues, cells, and receptors involved in the clearance. Methods and Results: In mice, fetuin-A–containing CPPs were rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, namely Kupffer cells of the liver and marginal zone macrophages of the spleen. Macrophages from scavenger receptor-AI/II (SR-A)-deficient mice cleared CPPs less efficiently than macrophages from wild-type mice, suggesting that SR-AI/II is involved in CPP binding and endocytosis. Accordingly, we found reduced clearance of CPPs in SR-A/MARCO–deficient mice. Conclusions: We could demonstrate that fetuin-A–containing CPPs facilitate the clearance of mineral debris by macrophages via SR-A. Since the same receptor also contributes to the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis, defective endocytosis of both types of particle may impinge on lipid as well as mineral debris clearance in calcifying atherosclerosis.
What is the relationship between Unofficial and Official Economy? An analysis in Latin American Countries

This paper analyzes the relationship between unofficial economy (UE) and official GDP. Through the study of the UE within an institutional comprehensive empirical framework, a positive correlation is found between unofficial and official GDP. Empirical evidence on the procyclicality of UE supports the conclusion that the two sectors are rather complements than substitutes for Latin American countries. Then UE is considered as beneficial to sustain economic growth. Suggestions for economic policy and hints for further research are also offered.
Resistance and Fitting In: A Qualitative Analysis of Young Women in Alcoholics Anonymous

ABSTRACT This article looks at the intersectionality between gender and age as it affects the recovery process in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Women remain a minority in AA, just over one third, and young people make up only 12% of AA membership. Although the gendered nature of AA has only recently been uncovered, focus on young people in AA is even less studied. Given their developmental stage, adolescents and young adults do not have the range of life experiences to draw upon as they try to identify with more mature members of AA. In turn, older members do not know necessarily how to bridge the gap in experience. Some young women perceive that they are not taken seriously, are viewed as too emotional, or simply are misunderstood. Alternatively, other young women find guidance and support from older members in the program. Whatever their individual experiences, young women, nonetheless, have to work to fit into the predominately older, male culture that is AA. However, as illustrated in their personal stories, the Traditions and Steps of AA help to facilitate the “fitting in” of all of its members including young, female members.
Handbook of Organizational Change and Innovation

In a world of organizations that are in constant change scholars have long sought to understand and explain how they change. This book introduces research methods that are specifically designed to support the development and evaluation of organizational process theories. The authors are a group of highly regarded experts who have been doing collaborative research on change and development for many years.
Relation of Ejection Fraction and Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia to Mode of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Analysis of Patients Enrolled in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial

Background—Fifty percent of deaths in patients with coronary disease occur suddenly. Although many factors correlate with increased mortality, there is little information regarding the influence of these factors on mode of death. As such, optimum methods to determine patients most likely to benefit from implantable defibrillator therapy are unclear. Methods and Results—We analyzed the relation of ejection fraction and inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias to mode of death in all 1791 patients enrolled in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial who did not receive antiarrhythmic therapy. Total mortality and arrhythmic deaths/cardiac arrests occurred more frequently in patients with ejection fraction <30% than in those with ejection fraction of 30% to 40%. The percentage of deaths classified as arrhythmic was similar in patients with ejection fraction <30% or ≥30%. The relative contribution of arrhythmic events to total mortality was significantly higher in patients with inducible tachyarrhythmia (58% of deaths in inducible patients versus 46% in noninducible patients, P =0.004). The higher percentage of events that were arrhythmic among patients with inducible tachyarrhythmia appeared more distinct among patients with an ejection fraction ≥30% (61% of events were arrhythmic among inducible patients with ejection fraction ≥30% and only 42% among noninducible patients, P =0.002). Conclusions—Both low ejection fraction and inducible tachyarrhythmias identify patients with coronary disease at increased mortality risk. Ejection fraction does not discriminate between modes of death, whereas inducible tachyarrhythmia identifies patients for whom death, if it occurs, is significantly more likely to be arrhythmic, especially if ejection fraction is ≥30%.
On Resource Allocation in Architectural Models

Resource allocation decisions are critical for the design of embedded real-time systems. Today's trend to software integration makes these decisions tightly coupled to the software architecture. In this paper we discuss the use of architectural models to guide and maintain the integrity of the resource allocation decision at different levels of refinement of the system design. We discuss the budgeting process to split the development process into different teams, the use of bin packing techniques for low level resource allocation and the isolation strategies to separate the different criticality levels of these systems.
Role of voltage zero-crossing in propagation of water trees

Water tree characteristics have been investigated for low-density polyethylene by applying power-frequency ac voltages with high-frequency components, which are simulated output voltages of a pulse-width-modulation inverter. If we compare the water-tree length among single-frequency voltages, the water tree grows faster if the frequency is higher. However, if we superpose a power-frequency voltage onto the high-frequency voltage, the tree growth is suppressed. The tree length becomes shorter if the superposed power-frequency voltage is higher. This surprising result is explainable by considering that the zero-crossing of the applied voltage plays an important rule for the tree propagation. In case that the high-frequency voltage is superposed onto a dc voltage, the de voltage seems not to have any influence to the tree growth. This result can be also explained by considering the number of voltage reversals at the tree tip.
Just-In-Case Scheduling

This paper presents an algorithm, called Just-In-Case Scheduling, for building robust schedules that tend not to break. The algorithm implements the common sense idea of being prepared for likely errors, just in case they should occur. The Just-In-Case algorithm analyzes a given nominal schedule, determines the most likely break, and reinvokes a scheduler to generate a contingent schedule to cover that break. After a number of iterations, the Just-In-Case algorithm produces a "multiply contingent" schedule that is more robust than the original nominal schedule. The algorithm has been developed for a real telescope scheduling domain in order to proactively manage schedule breaks that are due to an inherent uncertainty in observation durations. The paper presents empirical results showing that the algorithm performs extremely well on a representative problem from this domain.
Separable and Anonymous Identity-Based Key Issuing

In identity-based (ID-based) cryptosystems, a local registration authority (LRA) is responsible for authentication of users while the key generation center (KGC) is responsible for computing and sending the private keys to users and therefore, a secure channel is required. For privacy-oriented applications, it is important to keep in secret whether the private key corresponding to a certain identity has been requested. All of the existing ID-based key issuing schemes have not addressed this anonymity issue. Besides, the separation of duties of LRA and KGC has not been discussed as well. We propose a novel separable and anonymous ID-based key issuing scheme without secure channel. Our protocol supports the separation of duties between LRA and KGC. The private key computed by the KGC can be sent to the user in an encrypted form such that only the legitimate key requester authenticated by LRA can decrypt it. and any eavesdropper cannot know the identity corresponding to the secret key