Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context Aversion, Pavlovian Conditioning, and the Psychological Side Effects of Chemotherapy

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals sugge.
Potential and limitations of health policy to improve coronary heart disease prevention and to reduce the burden of disease: A Russian experience

Background Mortality from cardiovascular diseases is particularly high in Russia compared with the European average. The National Priority Project ‘Health’, launched in 2005, aimed to promote prevention of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, in primary care and to increase availability of state-of-art cardiovascular disease management. Methods This is a multiregional population based study with analysis of indicators for cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease in Moscow, St Petersburg, the Moscow region and across Russia, including a total population of 143.7 million inhabitants between 2005 and 2013. Data were collected using conventional methodology and originate from open statistical sources. Results The overall age-standardized coronary heart disease mortality decreased in 2005–2013 by 24.7% from 383.6 to 289.0 per 100000 population, but with substantial interregional differences: it declined from 306.1 to 196.9 per 100,000 in Moscow (–35.7%), from 362.1 to 258.9 per 100,000 in St Petersburg (–28.5%) and from 433.8 to 374.3 per 100,000 in the Moscow region (–13.7%). Income in Moscow exceeded the national average 2–3-fold, and Moscow had the highest availability of modern treatments and interventions. Although vegetables, fruits and fish consumption increased overall in Russia, this trend was most prominent in Moscow. Indicators for psychosocial well-being also were best in Moscow. Life expectancy in Moscow is almost six years higher than the Russian average. Conclusion Health policy interventions turned out to be successful but with substantial interregional differences. Lower coronary heart disease mortality and higher life expectancy in Moscow may be due to a more favourable socioeconomic and psychological environment, more healthy eating and greater availability of medical care.
Multiscale Modeling and Mechanical Properties of Zigzag CNT and Triple-Layer Graphene Sheet Based on Atomic Finite Element Method

An Atomic Finite Element Analysis is developed in this paper. At atomic scale, the interatomic bonding forces of Van der Waals and the covalent chemical bond are taken into account. The methodology is applied to study the behavior of carbon nanotubes, whose development has experienced strong growth in recent years and that can be used for quality mechanical reinforcement. These carbon nanotubes are formed by repeating zigzag carbon-carbon bonds. Development of atomic finite element method (AFEM) methodology can be traced back to the homogenized elastic properties of various graphene structures (single-layer graphene sheet, Zig-zag single-walled carbon nanotubes, triple-layer graphene sheet).
Gliadin Peptide Facilitates FITC Dextran Transport across the Non Everted Gut Sac of Rat Small Intestine

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant protein. When administered orally, it has low bioavailability due to its low permeation. In a previous study we fused gliadin peptide P51 (LGQQQPFPPQQPYPQPQPF) and gliadin peptide P61 (QQPYPQPQPF) with SOD Citrus limon (SOD_Cl), namely GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 to increase permeation of SOD_Cl through intestine. In this work, the permeation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran 10 kDa, FD10 and 40 kDa, FD40 as paracellular transport markers across excised rat intestinal wall was investigated with the presence of GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61. A permeability study was performed using non-everted rat intestine by incubating FD10 or FD40 with SOD_Cl, and GliSOD_P61. The presence of SOD_Cl, GliSOD_P51 or GliSOD_P61 inside intestine (apical) and outside intestine (basolateral) was analyzed by protein electrophoresis. The concentration of FD that penetrated to the basolateral solution was analyzed by spectrofluorometry. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed the presence of GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 but not SOD_Cl in basolateral compartment. The percentage of FD10 but not FD40 and SOD_Cl that penetrated to the basolateral solution significantly increased with the presence of gliadin in GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61. GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 are able to penetrate the rat intestinal epithelial membrane and the gliadin peptides facilitate FD10 to penetrate the epithelial.
Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates adipose tissue accumulation in adult atria

Significance Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and is a major cause of stroke. Recently, it has been shown that the adipose tissue that accumulates at the surface of the heart contributes to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation by favoring fibrosis of the neighboring myocardium. However, the cellular origin of adult cardiac fat tissue is unknown. Here, we show that resident progenitor cells of the external layer of the heart, referred to as the “epicardium,” are a source of adipocytes through an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. The atrial natriuretic peptide, which is secreted by atrial myocytes, is a potent factor in the differentiation of epicardial progenitors in adipocytes. Our data uncover cross-talk between myocardial mechanical properties and adipose tissue expansion. The abundance of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia. However, both the origin and the factors involved in EAT expansion are unknown. Here, we found that adult human atrial epicardial cells were highly adipogenic through an epithelial–mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. In a genetic lineage tracing the WT1CreERT2+/−RosatdT+/− mouse model subjected to a high-fat diet, adipocytes of atrial EAT derived from a subset of epicardial progenitors. Atrial myocardium secretome induces the adipogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal epicardium-derived cells by modulating the balance between mesenchymal Wingless-type Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus integration site family, member 10B (Wnt10b)/β-catenin and adipogenic ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. The adipogenic property of the atrial secretome was enhanced in AF patients. The atrial natriuretic peptide secreted by atrial myocytes is a major adipogenic factor operating at a low concentration by binding to its natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) receptor and, in turn, by activating a cGMP-dependent pathway. Hence, our data indicate cross-talk between EAT expansion and mechanical function of the atrial myocardium.
Document Indexing -providing a Basis for Semantic Document Annotation

A document index represents a concise ordered compilation of the docu-ment's most important topics. It provides direct and fast access to the document parts related to the index information. Together with structural knowledge of the document itself in connection with general knowledge about indexing a 2-layered Index Graph is defined that is further mapped to an ontology representation. By defining suitable met-rics it is shown how the Index Graph can be utilised to augment semantic applications. We have developed a system for supporting the author of a document in the process of index compilation. Other possible applications include document visualisation, and semantic document annotation.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic implantation of brachytherapy catheters in bladder cancer recent interests and prospective

Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. It is the ninth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with more than 380,000 new cases each year and more than 150,000 deaths per year (1). About 25% of the diagnosed cases present with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (2). Radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion is considered the gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. RC is an extensive urological surgical procedure and despite improvements in practice, technology and post-operative care it is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Significant complications include such as erectile dysfunction, urinary leakage, urinary tract infection, loss of normal bladder function, and risk of death. It is associated with widely variable reported postoperative morbidity and mortality rates between 19% to 64% and 0.8% to 8.3%, respectively (3).
Energetics of solar coronal mass ejections

Aims. We investigate whether solar coronal mass ejections are driven mainly by coupling to the ambient solar wind or through the release of internal magnetic energy. Methods. We examine the energetics of 39 flux-rope like coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun using data in the distance range ~2–20 $R_{\odot}$ from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronograph (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). This comprises a complete sample of the best examples of flux-rope CMEs observed by LASCO in 1996-2001. Results. We find that 69% of the CMEs in our sample experience a clearly identifiable driving power in the LASCO field of view. For those CMEs that are driven, we examine if they might be deriving most of their driving power by coupling to the solar wind. We do not find conclusive evidence in favor of this hypothesis. On the other hand, we find that their internal magnetic energy is a viable source of the required driving power. We have estimated upper and lower limits on the power that can possibly be provided by the internal magnetic field of a CME. We find that, on average, the lower limit to the available magnetic power is around 74% of what is required to drive the CMEs, while the upper limit can be as much as an order of magnitude larger.
Piezoelectric Characterization with Mechanical Excitation in PZT Bar with Non-Electrode Boundary Condition–K31 Mode Case

We introduced an advanced piezoelectric characterization method with mechanical excitation on partial electrode samples, which can determine additional physical parameters the conventional full-electrode electrical excitation method cannot provide. A non-electrode sample with only 10% electrode at the center of a rectangular k31 piezoelectric plate has the benefits for measuring the extensive parameters directly and much precisely. In this paper, we derived first the exact analytical solutions on the partial electrode configuration, including the 10% mechanical excitation part in a partial non-electrode sample for calculating there sonance vibration mode and mechanical quality factors of the composite bar sample for obtaining the extensive elastic compliance and loss factor. The result suggests that the almost accurate values can be obtained even for a specimen with up to 40% center electrode area in the k31 mode samples. Second objective is to compare three different simulations (ATILA FEM, 6-terminal Equivalent Circuit and Analytical Solution). This mechanical excitation method has the benefit in measuring physical parameters which cannot be obtained directly from the IEEE Standard electrical excitation method. Keywords: Direct loss measurement; intensive and extensive parameters; resonance vibration mode; PZT; mechanical quality factor;
A destabilizing thermohaline circulation-atmosphere-sea ice feedback

Abstract Some of the interactions and feedbacks between the atmosphere, thermohaline circulation, and sea ice are illustrated using a simple process model. A simplified version of the annual-mean coupled ocean–atmosphere box model of Nakamura, Stone, and Marotzke is modified to include a parameterization of sea ice. The model includes the thermodynamic effects of sea ice and allows for variable coverage. It is found that the addition of sea ice introduces feedbacks that have a destabilizing influence on the thermohaline circulation: Sea ice insulates the ocean from the atmosphere, creating colder air temperatures at high latitudes, which cause larger atmospheric eddy heat and moisture transports and weaker oceanic heat transports. These in turn lead to thicker ice coverage and hence establish a positive feedback. The results indicate that generally in colder climates, the presence of sea ice may lead to a significant destabilization of the thermohaline circulation. Brine rejection by sea ice plays no impo.
Unscented Transformation of Vehicle States in SLAM

In this article we propose an algorithm to reduce the effects caused by linearization in the typical EKF approach to SLAM. The technique consists in computing the vehicle prior using an Unscented Transformation. The UT allows a better nonlinear mean and variance estimation than the EKF. There is no need however in using the UT for the entire vehicle-map state, given the linearity in the map part of the model. By applying the UT only to the vehicle states we get more accurate covariance estimates. The a posteriori estimation is made using a fully observable EKF step, thus preserving the same computational complexity as the EKF with sequential innovation. Experiments over a standard SLAM data set show the behavior of the algorithm.
Salivary Gland Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts Enable Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells and New Gene Events Associated with Tumor Progression

Purpose: Salivary gland cancers (SGC) frequently present with distant metastases many years after diagnosis, suggesting a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation that initiates late recurrences; however, current models are limited both in their availability and suitability to characterize these rare cells. Experimental Design: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated by engrafting patient tissue onto nude mice from one acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), four adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and three mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cases, which were derived from successive relapses from the same MEC patient. Patient and PDX samples were analyzed by RNA-seq and Exome-seq. Sphere formation potential and in vivo tumorigenicity was assessed by sorting for Aldefluor (ALDH) activity and CD44-expressing subpopulations. Results: For successive MEC relapses we found a time-dependent increase in CSCs (ALDH+CD44high), increasing from 0.2% to 4.5% (P=0.033), but more importantly we observed an increase in individual CSC sphere formation and tumorigenic potential. A 50% increase in mutational burden was documented in subsequent MEC tumors, and this was associated with increased expression of tumor-promoting genes (MT1E, LGR5, and LEF1), decreased expression of tumor-suppressor genes (CDKN2B, SIK1, and TP53), and higher expression of CSC-related proteins such as SOX2, MYC, and ALDH1A1. Finally, genomic analyses identified a novel NFIB–MTFR2 fusion in an ACC tumor and confirmed previously reported fusions (NTRK3–ETV6 and MYB–NFIB). Conclusions: Sequential MEC PDX models preserved key patient features and enabled the identification of genetic events putatively contributing to increases in both CSC proportion and intrinsic tumorigenicity, which mirrored the patient's clinical course. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2935–43. ©2018 AACR.
R-Norm Entropy and R-Norm Divergence in Fuzzy Probability Spaces

In the presented article, we define the R-norm entropy and the conditional R-norm entropy of partitions of a given fuzzy probability space and study the properties of the suggested entropy measures. In addition, we introduce the concept of R-norm divergence of fuzzy P-measures and we derive fundamental properties of this quantity. Specifically, it is shown that the Shannon entropy and the conditional Shannon entropy of fuzzy partitions can be derived from the R-norm entropy and conditional R-norm entropy of fuzzy partitions, respectively, as the limiting cases for R going to 1; the Kullback–Leibler divergence of fuzzy P-measures may be inferred from the R-norm divergence of fuzzy P-measures as the limiting case for R going to 1. We also provide numerical examples that illustrate the results.
One-dimensional conductive IrO2 nanocrystals

We review the results of the synthesis of IrO2 nanocrystals (NCs) on different substrates via metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) using (MeCp)(COD)Ir as the source reagent. The surface morphology, structural and spectroscopic properties of the as-deposited NCs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffractometry (SAD), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The roles of different substrates for the formation of various textures of nanocrystalline IrO2 are studied. Several one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have evolved by decreasing the degree of interface instability. The morphological evolution occurs from triangular/wedged nanorods via incomplete/scrolled nanotubes to square nanotubes and square nanorods (NRs), with increasing morphological stability. The results show that the three-dimensional (3D) grains composing traditional film belong to the most stable form as compared to all the 1D NCs, and the sequential shape evolution has been found to be highly correlated to a morphological phase diagram based on the growth kinetics. In addition, area selective growth of IrO2 NRs has been demonstrated on sapphire(012) and sapphire(100) substrates which consist of patterned SiO2 as the nongrowth surface. The initial growth of IrO2 nuclei is studied. Selectivity, rod orientation, and other morphological features of the nanorod forest can find their origins in the nucleation behaviour during initial growth. XPS analyses show the coexistence of higher oxidation states of iridium in the as-grown IrO2 NCs. The usefulness of the experimental Raman scattering together with the modified spatial correlation (MSC) model analysis as a residual stress and structural characterization technique for 1D IrO2 NCs has been demonstrated. The field emission properties of the vertically aligned IrO2 NRs are studied and demonstrated as a high-performance and robust field emitter material owing to its low work function, low resistivity and excellent stability against oxygen.
Measuring medication adherence in asthma: Development of a novel self-report tool

Objective: This study presents the development and validation of MIS-A (Medication Intake Survey-Asthma), a new self-report instrument measuring key adherence properties during long-term asthma treatment. Design: Within a longitudinal asthma cohort study in France and the United Kingdom, adult patients and caregivers of children responded to computer-assisted telephone interviews. Main outcome measures: Scores for distinct adherence properties (taking adherence, correct dosing, therapeutic coverage, drug holidays, overuse) and composite measures were computed for several time intervals. We examined distributions, longitudinal variation, associations between adherence scores and concordance with adherence calculated from medication prescribing or dispensing records. Results: Nine hundred and two participants reported on adherence to 4481 medications on 4140 occasions. About 59.47 and 70.36% revealed < 100% taking adherence in the last week and month; 42.76% had a drug holiday of > 1 week in the last 4 months. Adherence varied within patients during the follow-up (intra-class correlation = . 41–.71). Correlations between adherence scores were moderate to strong (ρ = .51–.85, p ≤ .001), except medication overuse (ρ = .04–.19, p ≤.05). Four-month taking adherence was associated with dispensing adherence, but not with prescribing adherence (ρ = .33, p < .001; and .12, p = .26). Conclusion: MIS-A is a promising, easy-to-use self-report tool that can capture accurately different adherence properties over a long time period.
A CLT FOR INFORMATION-THEORETIC STATISTICS OF NON-CENTERED GRAM RANDOM MATRICES

In this article, we study the fluctuations of the random variable: In(�) = 1 N log det(� n� � + �IN); (� > 0) wheren = n−1=2D 1=2 n Xn ˜ D 1=2 n + An, as the dimensions of the matrices go to infinity at the same pace. Matrices Xn and An are respectively random and deterministic N ×n matrices; matrices Dn and ˜ Dn are deterministic and diagonal, with respective dimensions N×N and n×n; matrix Xn = (Xij) has centered, independent and identically distributed entries with unit variance, either real or complex. We prove that when centered and properly rescaled, the random variable In(�) satisfies a Central Limit Theorem and has a Gaussian limit. The variance of In(�) depends on the moment EX 2 ij of the variables Xij and also on its fourth cumulant � = E|Xij| 4 2 |EX 2| 2 . The main motivation comes from the field of wireless communications, where In(�) represents the mutual information of a multiple antenna radio channel. This article closely follows the companion article "A CLT for Information-theoretic statistics of Gram random matrices with a given variance profile", Ann. Appl. Probab. (2008) by Hachem et al., however the study of the fluctuations associated to non-centered large random matrices raises specific issues, which are addressed here.