Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Fibrinogen With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Population

BackgroundFibrinogen has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Also, the role of elevated fibrinogen in thrombosis suggests that it may be on the causal pathway for certain risk factors to exert their effect. These associations remain incompletely characterized. Moreover, the optimal fibrinogen assay for risk stratification is uncertain. Methods and ResultsIn 2632 subjects from cycle 5 of the Framingham Offspring Population, fibrinogen levels were determined with a newly developed immunoprecipitation test (American Biogenetic Sciences) and the functional Clauss method. With the immunoprecipitation method, there were significant linear trends across fibrinogen tertiles (P <0.001) for age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in men and women. The Clauss method had significant results (P <0.030), except for triglycerides in men. Fibrinogen levels were higher for those with compared with those without cardiovascular disease. After covariate adjustment, fibrinogen remained significantly higher in those with cardiovascular disease with the use of the immunoprecipitation test (P =0.035 and P =0.018 for men and women, respectively) but not with the Clauss method. ConclusionsFibrinogen was associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Elevation of fibrinogen may provide a mechanism for risk factors to exert their effect. Also, fibrinogen levels were higher among subjects with cardiovascular disease compared with those without disease. The immunoprecipitation test showed a stronger association with cardiovascular disease than the Clauss method, suggesting that it may be a useful screening tool to identify individuals at increased thrombotic risk.
Interactions among Trypanosoma brucei RAD51 paralogues in DNA repair and antigenic variation

Homologous recombination in Trypanosoma brucei is used for moving variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes into expression sites during immune evasion by antigenic variation. A major route for such VSG switching is gene conversion reactions in which RAD51, a universally conserved recombinase, catalyses homology‐directed strand exchange. In any eukaryote, RAD51‐directed strand exchange in vivo is mediated by further factors, including RAD51‐related proteins termed Rad51 paralogues. These appear to be ubiquitously conserved, although their detailed roles in recombination remain unclear. In T. brucei, four putative RAD51 paralogue genes have been identified by sequence homology. Here we show that all four RAD51 paralogues act in DNA repair, recombination and RAD51 subnuclear dynamics, though not equivalently, while mutation of only one RAD51 paralogue gene significantly impedes VSG switching. We also show that the T. brucei RAD51 paralogues interact, and that the complexes they form may explain the distinct phenotypes of the mutants as well as observed expression interdependency. Finally, we document the Rad51 paralogues that are encoded by a wide range of protists, demonstrating that the Rad51 paralogue repertoire in T. brucei is unusually large among microbial eukaryotes and that one member of the protein family corresponds with a key, conserved eukaryotic Rad51 paralogue.
Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat

ABSTRACT Ephemeral social media, platforms that display shared content for a limited period of time, have become a prominent component of the social ecosystem. We draw on experience sampling data collected over two weeks (Study 1; N = 154) and in-depth interview data from a subsample of participants (Study 2; N = 28) to understand college students’ social and emotional experiences on Snapchat, a popular ephemeral mobile platform. Our quantitative data demonstrated that Snapchat interactions were perceived as more enjoyable – and associated with more positive mood – than other communication technologies. However, Snapchat interactions were also associated with lower social support than other channels. Our qualitative data highlighted aspects of Snapchat use that may facilitate positive affect (but not social support), including sharing mundane experiences with close ties and reduced self-presentational concerns. In addition, users compared Snapchat to face-to-face interaction and reported attending to Snapchat content more closely than archived content, which may contribute to increased emotional rewards. Overall, participants did not see the application as a platform for sharing or viewing photos; rather, Snapchat was viewed as a lightweight channel for sharing spontaneous experiences with trusted ties. Together, these studies contribute to our evolving understanding of ephemeral social media and their role in social relationships.
Increased subpopulations of CD16+ and CD56+ blood monocytes in patients with active Crohn's disease

Background Circulating monocytes may be subdivided according to the presence or absence of the Fc&ggr; receptor CD16 and the neural cell adhesion molecule CD56. Monocytes classified into these subpopulations are characterized by distinct phenotypic and functional features. We hypothesized that patients with active Crohn's disease differ in their peripheral monocyte subpopulations. Methods Using flow cytometry we investigated the expression of CD16 and CD56 on circulating monocytes in 11 patients with active Crohn's disease and 11 controls. These monocyte subpopulations were then analyzed for expression of the chemokine receptor fractalkine, CX3CR1, and the monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, CCR2. Results We found a median 3.7‐fold increase in the number of CD16+ monocytes related to the population with high expression of the pattern recognition receptor CD14 compared to that in the controls (P < 0.001). By studying the percentage of monocytes expressing CX3CR1, and their relative fluorescence intensity (RFI), we found significant differences, with both the highest percentage and the highest RFI in the CD14lowCD16+ subpopulation, whereas the CD14highCD16+ subgroup represented an intermediate population. Inversely, CCR2 expression was highest in the populations with high expression of CD14, whereas the CD14lowCD16+ subpopulation showed the lowest percentage and the lowest RFI for CCR2. We found the percentage of CD14+CD56+ monocytes in patients with active Crohn's disease to be increased 2.7 times compared to the controls (P = 0.011). Conclusions These results show that subsets of peripheral monocytes with a more mature phenotype are expanded in patients with active Crohn's disease. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006)
AvaR1, a Butenolide-Type Autoregulator Receptor in Streptomyces avermitilis, Directly Represses Avenolide and Avermectin Biosynthesis and Multiple Physiological Responses

Avermectins are commercially important anthelmintic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. The homologous TetR-family transcriptional regulators AvaR1 and AvaR2 in this species were identified previously as receptors of avenolide, a novel butenolide-type autoregulator signal required for triggering avermectin biosynthesis. AvaR2 was found to be an important pleiotropic regulator in repression of avermectin and avenolide production and cell growth, whereas the regulatory role of AvaR1 remains unclear. Investigation of AvaR1 function in the present study showed that it had no effect on cell growth or morphological differentiation, but inhibited avenolide and avermectin production mainly through direct repression of aco (the key enzyme gene for avenolide biosynthesis) and aveR (the cluster-situated activator gene). AvaR1 also directly repressed its own gene (avaR1) and two adjacent homologous genes (avaR2 and avaR3). Binding sites of AvaR1 on these five target promoter regions completely overlapped those of AvaR2, leading to the same consensus binding motif. However, AvaR1 and AvaR2 had both common and exclusive target genes, indicating that they cross-regulate diverse physiological processes. Ten novel identified AvaR1 targets are involved in primary metabolism, stress responses, ribosomal protein synthesis, and cyclic nucleotide degration, reflecting a pleiotropic role of AvaR1. Competitive EMSAs and GST pull-down assays showed that AvaR1 and AvaR2 competed for the same binding regions, and could form a heterodimer and homodimers, suggesting that AvaR1 and AvaR2 compete and cooperate to regulate their common target genes. These findings provide a more comprehensive picture of the cellular responses mediated by AvaR1 and AvaR2 regulatory networks in S. avermitilis.
Depression, anxiety, and functional impairment in children with trichotillomania

Background: Trichotillomania (TTM) remains understudied in children. Adult research suggests that TTM is accompanied by significant depression, anxiety, and functional impairment. The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence of depression and anxiety in a relatively large sample of youth with TTM and the extent to which these symptoms mediate the relationship between TTM severity and associated impairment. Methods: The study utilized data from the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA‐TIP), an internet‐based sample of 133 youth aged 10–17 (inclusive) with TTM. Results: Over 45% of children with TTM endorsed depressive symptoms and 40% endorsed anxiety symptoms in excess of one standard deviation (SD) above published community norms. More remarkably, 25% of our sample reported depressive and 20% reported anxiety symptoms in excess of 2 SD above these norms. Older participants reported more symptoms of depression and anxiety than younger ones; age of onset (children with later onset), but not duration of illness, was predictive of higher reports of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neither depressive nor anxiety symptoms were related to pulling site. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between TTM severity and functional impairment. Conclusions: Based on an internet sample recruited from the homepage of the Trichotillomania Learning Center, data from this study suggests that symptoms of depression and anxiety may be pervasive among youth with TTM and likely impact functional impairment. Longitudinal studies using directly assessed samples are needed to replicate and extend these findings. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ON THE LENGTH OF THE LONGEST INCREASING SUBSEQUENCE IN A RANDOM PERMUTATION

Complementing the results claiming that the maximal length Ln of an increasing subsequence in a random permutation of f ng is highly concentrated we show that Ln is not concentrated in a short interval supl P l Ln l n log n as n Introduction Ulam proposed the study of Ln the maximal length of an increasing subsequence of a random permutation of the set n f ng Hammersley Logan and Shepp and Ver sik and Kerov proved that ELn p n and Ln p n p as n Frieze showed that the distribution of Ln is sharply concentrated about its mean his result was improved by Bollob as and Brightwell who in particular proved that Var Ln O n logn log logn The log factors have recently been removed by Talagrand Somewhat surprisingly it is not known that the distribution of Ln is not much more concentrated than claimed by In fact it has not even been ruled out that if w n then P jLn ELnj w n as n Our aim in this paper is to rule out this possibility for a fairly fast growing function w n and to give a lower bound for Var Ln complementing Theorem P jLn ELnj n log n as n More generally if an and bn are any numbers such that inf P an Ln bn then bn an n log n In particular for su ciently large n VarLn n log n There is still a wide gap between the upper and lower bound and there is no reason to believe that the bounds given here are the best possible In fact a boot strap argument Second author supported by the G oran Gustafsson Foundation for Research in Natural Sciences and Medicine
ORIGIN OF ARTERIAL PULSATION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

In a series of studies on pulsatile cerebral impedance and pulsatile cerebral blood flow we had to investigate ihc timing relationship between the arterial pulsation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the intracerebral impedance pulsation. We started these studies by comparing the timing of the pulse wave in the cerebral ventricle with that of the thalamic impedance. Since it was not likely that the ventricular CSF pressure wave was in phase with the thalamic tissue pressure wave, we recently measured the latter also. This was possible during stereotaxic thalamotomy in man, when a straight stimulation electrode 2 mm thick was introduced into the thalamus. Since the lateral ventricle was cannulated in order to perform air ventriculography, we could simultaneously measure both the ventricular CSF and the thalamic tissue pressure. These studies resulted in findings which seem to challenge the theory of Bering (1955) , according to which the arterial pulsation of the CSF originates from the choroid plexus. In this paper I shall report our measuring technique and the results obtained. I shall also briefly elucidate the time relation of the brain tissue pressure wave and the blood flow that it causes.
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus differentially supports lumbar and renal sympathetic outflow in water‐deprived rats

The present study sought to determine whether the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes in a time‐dependent manner to the differential patterning of lumbar and renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in water‐deprived rats. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and both lumbar SNA (LSNA) and renal SNA (RSNA) were recorded simultaneously in control, 24 and 48 h water‐deprived rats, and the PVN was inhibited bilaterally with microinjection of the GABAA agonist muscimol (100 pmol in 100 nl per side). Inhibition of the PVN significantly decreased RSNA in 48 h water‐deprived rats but not in 24 h water‐deprived or control rats (48 h, −17 ± 4%; 24 h, −2 ± 5%; control, 4 ± 6%; P < 0.05). In addition, injection of muscimol significantly decreased LSNA in 48 and 24 h water‐deprived rats but not in control rats (48 h, −41 ± 4%; 24 h, −14 ± 6%; control, −3 ± 2%; P < 0.05). Interestingly, the decrease in LSNA was significantly greater than the decrease in RSNA of 24 and 48 h water‐deprived rats (P < 0.05). Inhibition of the PVN also significantly decreased MAP to a greater extent in 48 and 24 h water‐deprived rats compared to control rats (48 h, −34 ± 5 mmHg; 24 h, −26 ± 4 mmHg; control, −15 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05). When 48 h water‐deprived rats were acutely rehydrated by giving access to tap water 2 h before experiments, inhibition of the PVN with muscimol did not alter LSNA (−12 ± 8%) or RSNA (7 ± 4%) but did produce a small decrease in MAP (−15 ± 4 mmHg) that was not different from control rats. In a parallel set of experiments, acute rehydration of 48 h water‐deprived rats significantly attenuated the increased Fos immunoreactivity in PVN neurones that project to the spinal cord or rostral ventrolateral medulla. Collectively, the present findings suggest that PVN autonomic neurones are synaptically influenced during water deprivation, and that these neurones differentially contribute to LSNA and RSNA in water‐deprived rats.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium farcinogenes NCTC 10955

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium farcinogenes NCTC 10955 (=DSM 43637T), a nontuberculosis species responsible for bovine farcy. The strain described here is composed of 6,139,893 bp, with a G+C content of 65.73%, and contains 5,816 protein-coding genes and 76 RNA genes.
Gene expression atlas for human embryogenesis

Human embryogenesis is believed to involve an integrated set of complex yet coordinated development of different organs and tissues mediated by the changes in the spatiotemporal expression of many genes. Here, we report a genome‐wide expression analysis during wk 4–9 of human embryogenesis, a critical period when most organs develop. About half of all human genes are expressed, and 18.6% of the expressed genes were significantly regulated during this important period. We further identified >5000 regulated genes, most of which previously were not known to be associated with animal development. Our study fills an important gap in mammalian developmental studies by identifying functional pathways involved in this critical but previously not studied period. Our study also revealed that the genes involved here are distinct from those during early embryogenesis, which include three groups of maternal genes. Furthermore, we discovered that genes in a given developmental process are regulated coordinately. This led us to develop an easily searchable database of this entire collection of gene expression profiles, allowing for the identification new genes important for a particular developmental process/pathway and deducing the potential function of a novel gene. The validity of the predictions from the database was demonstrated with two examples through spatiotemporal analyses of the two novel genes. Such a database should serve as a highly valuable resource for the molecular analysis of human development and pathogenesis. —Yi, H. , Xue, L. , Guo, M. ‐X. Ma, J., Zeng, Y. , Wang, W. , Cai, J.‐Y. Hu, H. ‐M. , Shu, H. ‐B. Shi, Y. ‐B. , Li, W. ‐X. Gene expression atlas for human embryogenesis. FASEB J. 24, 3341–3350 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Seropositivity for and Intestinal Colonization withEntamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Individuals in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT In a slum community in northeastern Brazil 20% of a sample population was colonized with Entamoeba histolytica or Entamoeba dispar and 10.6% was colonized with E. histolytica alone. No correlation between seropositivity for anti-GalNAc lectin antibody and colonization was found. These results suggest that colonization does not necessarily produce immunity to reinfection.
Language and Power in Court: A Linguistic Analysis of the O.J. Simpson Trial

Ex-American footballer, actor and celebrity O J Simpson was indicted in late 1994 on two counts of murder, setting the scene for a real-life courtoom drama which came to be known as 'The Trial of the Century'. The trial lasted nine months, involved more than one hundred and twenty witnesses, and was watched on worldwide television by millions of fascinated viewers. This is the first full linguistic analysis of the trial, drawing on the official trial transcripts, police interviews with Simpson and media coverage of the case. Janet Cotterill analyses the language and discourse of the trial, exploring some of the linguistic strategies employed by the judge, lawyers and witnesses in the (re)construction and (re)presentation of the crimes, their victims and alleged perpetrator.
Maintaining professionalism: emotional labor among lawyers as client advisors

Abstract Dominant professional ideology dictates that lawyers behave professionally toward clients by using logical, rational reasoning and expression and by leaving emotion and personal feelings out of their work. However, this ideology overlooks the fact that lawyers who work in settings that feature high client contact often labor under very emotionally charged circumstances. As a result, lawyers must use emotional labor to cope with their own feelings while maintaining their professional display. Using qualitative data based on semi-structured interviews with twenty lawyers in the Midwestern United States, I show that the lawyers interviewed in this study cope with their own feelings by using emotional labor to suppress the spontaneous expression of personal feelings, while working to evoke a display of emotions that does not run afoul of traditional standards of legal professionalism. Their use of emotional labor to cope with their feelings came in four forms: expression of genuine emotion, deep acting, surface acting, and detachment. The findings suggest that despite wide scholarly discussion of alternative conceptions of professionalism, the need to expand these discussions among law students and practitioners is still pressing.
Identification of the rat NKG2D ligands, RAE1L and RRLT, and their role in allograft rejection

NKG2D is a receptor expressed by NK cells and subsets of T lymphocytes. On NK cells, NKG2D functions as a stimulatory receptor that induces effector functions. We cloned and expressed two rat NKG2D ligands, both members of the RAE1 family, RAE1L and RRLT, and demonstrate that these ligands can induce IFN‐γ secretion and cytotoxicity by rat NK cells. To examine changes in expression of NKG2D and the NKG2D ligands RAE1L and RRLT after transplantation, we used a Dark Agouti (DA)→Lewis rat model of liver transplantation. NKG2D expression was significantly increased in allogeneic liver grafts by day 7 post‐transplant. Ligands of NKG2D, absent in normal liver, were readily detected in both syngeneic and allogeneic liver grafts by day 1 post‐transplant. By day 7 post‐transplant, hepatocyte RAE1L and RRLT expression was significantly and specifically increased in liver allografts. In contrast to acute rejection that develops in the DA→Lewis model, transplantation of Lewis livers into DA recipients (Lewis→DA) results in spontaneous tolerance. Interestingly, expression of RAE1L and RRLT is low in Lewis→DA liver allografts, but significantly increased in DA→Lewis liver allografts undergoing rejection. In conclusion, our results suggest that expression of NKG2D ligands may be important in allograft rejection.
Sight translation and interpreting: A comparative analysis of constraints and failures

This experimental research describes sight translation by comparing it to simultaneous and consecutive interpreting. Since the beginning of interpreting research, sight translation has mostly been considered as a pedagogical exercise and interpreters are rarely trained in this task per se. However, sight translation, consecutive interpreting and simultaneous interpreting are performed under different conditions, and these determine how cognitive resources are managed and what strategies are adopted. The study compares the performance of six professional interpreters in sight translation, simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting with a view to identifying particular constraints and problems. Results show that interpreters face different difficulties and use different efforts in each mode. Sight translation emerges as a complex and unique technique, whose cognitive demands on the interpreter are by no means less than those of simultaneous and consecutive.