Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Care as you like it: the construction of a consumer approach in home care in Denmark

Normal 0 21 false false false NO-BOK X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Vanlig tabell"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Vanlig tabell"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The free choice of a home-care provider was introduced in Danish home care in 2001. This article discusses the overall premises for the introduction of free choice in home care and how it constitutes an overarching response to the crisis of the welfare state. The government at that time intended free choice to lead to more user-led services, more cost-efficient services, and the development of a care market, all in line with its ideology. The article argues that to achieve these ambitions, the government introduced many new but implicit assumptions about the role and the responsibilities of the user of care. On the basis of qualitative interviews with elderly users, care workers, and care assessors, the article examines these assumptions and their implications for the user. The findings show that most users desire continuity in care more than the opportunity to ‘exit' a care relationship. Moreover, users do not rate quality any higher in the private for-profit sector than in the public. The article concludes that consumerism is in Denmark now part of the logic of governance, thereby changing the conditionality of the welfare state and its subjects, and creating new forms of risks, responsibilities, and dependencies.
Consumption of Plant Seeds and Cardiovascular Health: Epidemiological and Clinical Trial Evidence

After decades of epidemiological and clinical research, the influence of overall diet on health and disease, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), has become widely accepted.1 The pioneering ecological and metabolic studies of Keys and colleagues2 placed the focus on fat types, showing that populations consuming more saturated fatty acids (SFAs) had higher blood cholesterol levels and associated higher rates of CHD, whereas individuals fed SFAs had increased blood cholesterol levels, as opposed to the effects of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Cholesterol changes derived from switching fatty acid species in the diet were found to be predictable with specific equations.3–5 Subsequent epidemiological studies confirmed that elevated serum cholesterol was a strong independent risk factor for CHD. This led to the formulation of the diet-heart hypothesis, whereby the high intake of saturated fats leads to elevated cholesterol levels, which in turn promote atherosclerosis, coronary artery occlusion, and subsequent ischemic events.6 Although the diet-heart hypothesis shaped dietary guidelines toward reduction of all dietary fat, with a concomitant increase in carbohydrates, a low-fat approach was not effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women.7 In the past 3 decades, the decreasing fat consumption as a percentage of energy in the US population has done little to slow the increasing rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 8 It is now widely recognized that higher-fat diets can be beneficial if healthy fats are consumed, whereas high-carbohydrate diets (particularly those with high glycemic load) might be contributing to CHD9–12 and other negative health outcomes.12,13 As reviewed here, healthy, plant-based unsaturated fats are major components of widely consumed edible seeds, such as tree nuts and peanuts. More important …
No more crash or crunch: Sustainable credit dynamics in a P2P community

Many peer-to-peer file sharing communities implement credit policies to incentivise users to contribute upload resources. Such policies implicitly assume a user model - how the user controlling each peer behaves. We show using an agent-based model that credit policies, based on bandwidth contribution, and a selfish user model, can lead to both “crunches” and “crashes” where the system seizes completely due to too little credit or too much credit. We explore the conditions that lead to these system pathologies and present a theoretical analysis that allows us to determine if a community is sustainable or will eventually crunch or crash. Finally we apply the analysis to produce a novel adaptive credit system that automatically adjusts credit policies to maintain sustainability.
Therapeutic Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Depressive-Like Behavior, Hyperglycemia and Insulin Receptor Expression in Zucker Fatty Rats

Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are common comorbid diseases and highly prevalent in the clinical setting with an unclarified mechanism. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa) rats natively develop T2D with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Here we studied whether ZDF rats also innately develop depression, what a correlation is between depression and T2D, whether insulin receptor (IR) expression is involved in, and whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) would be beneficial in amelioration of the comorbidity. Six week old male ZDF and Zucker lean (ZL, fa/+) littermates were randomly divided into naïve (ZDF, n = 6; ZL, n = 7) and taVNS (ZDF-taVNS, n = 8; ZL-taVNS, n = 6) groups. Once daily 30 min-taVNS sessions were administrated under anesthesia for 34 consecutive days in taVNS groups. Blood glucose levels were tested weekly, and plasma glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level and immobility time in forced swimming test were determined on day 35 in all groups. The expression of insulin receptor (IR) in various tissues was also detected by immunostaining and Western blot. We found that naïve ZDF rats developed hyperglycemia steadily. These ZDF rats showed a strong positive correlation between longer immobility time and higher plasma HbAlC level. Long term taVNS treatment simultaneously prevented the development of depression-like behavior and progression of hyperglycemia in ZDF rats. The expression of IR in various tissues of naïve ZDF rats is lower than in naïve ZL and long-term taVNS treated ZDF rats. Collectively, our results indicate that in ZDF rats, i) depression and T2D develop simultaneously, ii) immobility time and HbAlc concentrations are highly and positively correlated, iii) a low expression of IR may be involved in the comorbidity of depression and T2D, and iv) taVNS is antidiabetic and antidepressive possibly through IR expression upregulation.
Blood loss and duration of surgery are independent risk factors for complications after breast reconstruction

Abstract Background: Complications after breast reconstructive surgery are common, and they can be caused by a wide range of factors. The aim of the present study was to identify independent perioperative risk factors for postoperative complications after breast reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 623 consecutive breast cancer patients who had undergone deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, latissimus dorsi (LD) flap, lateral thoracodorsal flap (LTDF), or tissue expander with secondary implant (EXP). Data on demography, perioperative parameters, and complications were collected. Logistic regression models adjusted to the reconstruction method and to confounding demographic factors were used for statistical analysis. Results: Increased blood loss for each 10-ml step increased the risk for overall early complications (p = 0.017), early seroma (p = 0.037), early resurgery (p = 0.010), late local overall complications (p = 0.024), and late fat necrosis (p = 0.031). Longer duration of surgery for each 10-minute step increased the risk of overall early complications (p = 0.019), but, in the univariate model, there was an increased risk for nine different types of complications (p = 0.004–0.029). There was no association between the experience of the surgeon performing the procedure and the frequency of complications. Conclusions: Duration of surgery and blood loss during surgery are independent risk factors for postoperative complications, and should be minimised. Further research is needed to establish the association between the experience of the surgeon and the occurrence of complications.
Dynamic asymmetries of cardiac output transients in response to muscular exercise in man.

1. We determined the kinetics of cardiac output (Q) with respect to oxygen uptake (VO2) at the on‐ and off‐transients of constant‐load exercise. Six subjects performed constant‐load exercise which consisted of 5 min rest, 5 min one‐legged pedalling at 50 W and a 5 min recovery period. 2. The transient responses were characterized by first‐order kinetics. There was no significant difference between the time constants for VO2 (tau VO2) at the on‐ (33.9 +/‐ 3.5 s, mean +/‐ S.E.M.) and off‐transient (37.2 +/‐ 2.9 s). The time constant for Q (tau Q, 29.4 +/‐ 3.2 s) was consistently shorter than tau VO2 at the on‐transient. However, tau Q was appreciably longer at the off‐transient (44.3 +/‐ 3.6 s) than the on‐transient. 3. The results support the contention that the time constant for the on‐transient of Q is appreciably faster than that for VO2 and hence there seems little justification for the notion that the time constants for the kinetics of VO2 are determined by the limitations of blood flow in the transient. The asymmetry of Q kinetics, with the off‐transient tau Q being appreciably slower than the on‐transient tau Q, serves to maintain a sufficiently high oxygen flow to the muscle during recovery from exercise at a time when the muscle oxygen uptake remains high.
Does Psychological Climate Augment OCBs? The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

The study presented here tests the relationships among psychological climate, work engagement, and OCBs in an Indian sample of working population of IT professionals. A survey-based study was conducted in 13 IT organizations across National Capital Region (NCR). Data analysis, performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, revealed that work engagement fully mediates the relationship between supportive management, self-expression, and job-challenge, and partially mediates clarity, recognition, and contribution with OCBs. The perceptions of an employee about his or her work environment play a predictive role in determining his/ her work engagement. The study provides an insight into the underlying process through which employees’ climate perceptions impact upon their OCBs. The characteristics of IT professionals (knowledge workers seeking excellent working environments and flexibility at work) and the nature of IT projects (greater co ordinations, and interdependences in work groups) make IT a unique and interesting context to study.
Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin have significant association with metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese men

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sex hormones and metabolic syndrome (MS) in an Asian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 237 men aged 20–88 years (mean age 52 years). Serum lipids, glucose, insulin, total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured along with body height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) were calculated. Correlations were determined using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results: Men with MS had lower levels of TT, BT, FT, SHBG and DHEA-S than men without MS. Multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age and smoking status, indicated that TT (OR: 0.909, 95% CI: 0.836–0.988, p = 0.003) and SHBG (OR: 0.948, 95% CI: 0.913–0.985, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with MS (R2 = 0.314). TT was associated with waist circumference (p = 0.008) and abnormal triglycerides level (p = 0.006); SHBG was associated with blood pressure (p = 0.003), blood glucose (p = 0.043) and abnormal triglycerides (p = 0.048). A significant trend was observed between decreasing levels of TT, BT, FT, and SHBG and increasing numbers of MS components. Conclusion: Results show that serum testosterone and SHBG levels inversely correlate with MS in an Asian population applying the Asian MS definition.
Stochastic control for discrete-time systems with input delay

In this paper, both the finite-horizon and infinite-horizon stochastic control problems for multiplicative-noise discrete-time systems with input delay are investigated. The novelty contributions of the paper are twofold. First, a sufficient and necessary unique existing condition for the optimal control is obtained. The optimal controller is the feedback of the conditional expectation of the state. The feedback gain is computed with the solution to Riccati-type difference equation. Second, a stabilizing controller which minimizes the infinite-horizon performance index is derived by showing the convergence of the finite-horizon controller. It is worth emphasizing that under the exact observability, the system is stabilizable in the mean-square sense if and only if the algebraic Riccati-type equation have unique solution such that the specified matrix equation is positive definite. The key techniques developed are the establishing of the nonhomogeneous relationship between the state and the costate and the introduction of the specified Lyapunov function, which originates from the results of the finite-horizon optimal control. Moreover, the optimal controller is actually the `Smith Predictor' in time domain for discrete-time stochastic multiplicative-noise delay systems which is new to the best of our knowledge.
Music and cognitive stimulation influence idea generation

Although previous studies have reported that positive affect is associated with enhanced creativity, there are no studies examining the influences of music and cognitive stimulation on brainstorming performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of music and cognitive stimulation on creativity. Participants in the positive affect condition listened to Vivaldi’s Spring, whereas those in the negative affect condition listened to Gyorgy Ligeti’s Lux Aeterna. Additionally, individuals in the neutral affect condition listened to Chopin’s Waltzes (MacDonald & Davey, 2005; Startup & Davey, 2001). Subsequently, the participants brainstormed the advantages and/or disadvantages of having an extra thumb on each hand. During the brainstorming session, participants were exposed to eight words, including both high-stimulating (e.g., scissors, gloves, etc.) and non-stimulating (e.g., giraffe, lion, etc.) words. There was also a mixed or low stimulation condition comprising four stimulating and four non-stimulating words. The results showed that positive and negative affect enhanced idea generation in the low stimulation condition, whereas neutral affect increased the number of ideas in the high stimulation condition.
Mapping the dynamics of force transduction at cell–cell junctions of epithelial clusters

Force transduction at cell-cell adhesions regulates tissue development, maintenance and adaptation. We developed computational and experimental approaches to quantify, with both sub-cellular and multi-cellular resolution, the dynamics of force transmission in cell clusters. Applying this technology to spontaneously-forming adherent epithelial cell clusters, we found that basal force fluctuations were coupled to E-cadherin localization at the level of individual cell-cell junctions. At the multi-cellular scale, cell-cell force exchange depended on the cell position within a cluster, and was adaptive to reconfigurations due to cell divisions or positional rearrangements. Importantly, force transmission through a cell required coordinated modulation of cell-matrix adhesion and actomyosin contractility in the cell and its neighbors. These data provide insights into mechanisms that could control mechanical stress homeostasis in dynamic epithelial tissues, and highlight our methods as a resource for the study of mechanotransduction in cell-cell adhesions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.03282. 001
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients with ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, auxotyping-serotyping, and plasmid analysis were performed on 41 ocular isolates, 7 nasopharyngeal isolates, and 18 cervical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained during a recent treatment trial of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi, Kenya. Fourteen distinct serovar-auxotype patterns were observed with IB-1/Pro-strains which accounted for 59% of the isolates. Infection with multiple types of gonococci appeared to occur in 22% of the mothers since 4 of 18 paired maternal cervical and neonatal ocular isolates had mismatched serovar-auxotype patterns. Among 10 treatment failure isolates only 1 had a mismatched serovar-auxotype pattern. Six (15%) of the ocular isolates were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Five had the 4.4-megadalton (Md) beta-lactamase plasmid and one had the 3.2-Md beta-lactamase plasmid. The 24.5-Md plasmid was found in 5 of 6 PPNG strains and in 8 of 35 non-PPNG strains (P less than 0.02). For most antimicrobial agents, PPNG and non-PPNG strains showed similar patterns of susceptibility. Ceftriaxone was the most active of the antibiotics tested, with all strains having an MIC less than or equal to 0.06 mg/liter. Among non-PPNG strains, 15 (43%) had a penicillin MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/liter and were considered intrinsically resistant to penicillin. Overall, non-PPNG intrinsically resistant strains had greater resistance to other antibiotics than did non-intrinsically resistant strains (P less than or equal to 0.006). The Mtr phenotype was found in 53% of these strains.
Moral geographies: social science and the urban environment in mid-nineteenth century England

This paper examines a theme in the history of geographical thought: the role played by conceptions of the urban environment in nineteenth-century social science. Nineteenth-century social inquiry was committed to social action and moral improvement, and this commitment was shaped by contemporary attitudes towards the environment. The concept of 'social science' emerged at the confluence of several streams of thought, including sanitary science, moral statistics and medical geography. It is argued in this paper that the relationship between 'environmentalism' and 'moralism' in contemporary social science has often been misinterpreted, a consequence in part of the writing of its history from the perspective of modem sociology. I argue instead that there was no necessary contradiction between environmentalism and moralism, because social science was a science of the morale of the population; it was concerned with the conduct of populations in particular habitats. The environmentalist project of social science was more than a simple reflection of patterns of urbanization; it signalled the emergence of new notions of space and society.
The role of calprotectin in predicting endoscopic post-surgical recurrence in asymptomatic Crohn's disease: a comparison with ultrasound.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Faecal calprotectin is predictive of clinical relapse in inflammatory bowel disease and ultrasound is sensitive in detecting its post-surgical recurrence. However, no data regarding the role of calprotectin in predicting post-surgical recurrence in asymptomatic Crohn's disease are available. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the role of calprotectin as a predictive marker for one year post-surgical endoscopic recurrence in comparison with ultrasound in patients with asymptomatic Crohn's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We consecutively enlisted 50 patients who had undergone a resection for Crohn's disease. Faecal calprotectin was analysed and ultrasound were performed at the third month, and a colonoscopy after one year. The sensitivity and specificity of these two techniques were evaluated using endoscopic findings as a golden standard. A Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) curve was plotted, in order to identify the best-cut off value for calprotectin. RESULTS 39 out of 50 patients were evaluated by performing a colonoscopy after one year; 19 patients had an endoscopic recurrence after one year. Calprotectin sensitivity and specificity were calculated for 5 different cut-off values; the best cut-off value for calprotectin sensitivity (63%) and specificity (75%) was > 200 mg/L. The US sensitivity and specificity at the third month were 26% and 90% respectively. CONCLUSIONS When performed three months after surgery ultrasound is more specific than calprotectin in predicting endoscopic recurrence. Faecal calprotectin at a dosage > 200 mg/L seems to have a better sensitivity than ultrasound. Values of calprotectin > 200 mg can be an indication to colonoscopy in the group of patients with negative ultrasound in order to detect early recurrence.
Gadobutrol-enhanced, Three-Dimensional, Dynamic MR Imaging With MR Cholangiography for the Preoperative Evaluation of Bile Duct Cancer

Purpose:To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 1.0-M gadobutrol-enhanced, 3-dimensional (3D), dynamic MR images with 3D-MR cholangiography (MRC) in the preoperative evaluation of bile duct cancer staging and resectability. Materials and Methods:Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Sixty patients (46 male, 14 female; mean age 65.9 years; range, 45–77 years) with surgically and pathologically proven bile duct cancers, were included in this study. Two gastrointestinal radiologists evaluated the biliary MR images, including 3D-MRC and gadobutrol-enhanced, dynamic images, using a 3D-gradient echo (GRE) technique, regarding the longitudinal tumor extent, vascular involvement of the bile duct cancer, lymph node metastasis, and tumor resectability. The results were compared with the surgical and pathology findings used as the reference standards. Results:The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az) of the 2 reviewers was 0.95 and 0.93, respectively, for evaluation of the involvement of both secondary biliary confluences and 0.85 and 0.84, respectively, for assessment of the intrapancreatic duct. For determining the tumor resectability, the overall accuracy was 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, whereas for assessment of the vascular involvement, the Az values were 0.92 for reviewer 1 and 0.70 for reviewer 2 for the portal vein evaluation, and 0.99 for reviewer 1 and 0.76 for reviewer 2 for the hepatic artery evaluation. In the assessment of lymph node metastasis, the overall accuracy was approximately 0.77 for each reviewer. Conclusion:One-molar, gadobutrol-enhanced, dynamic imaging, using a 3D-GRE technique with isotropic 3D-MRC showed excellent diagnostic capability for assessing the longitudinal extent and tumor resectability of bile duct cancer, although it generally underestimated the tumor involvement of vessels and lymph nodes.