Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Augmentation and Discounting in Impressions of Targets Described by Third Parties with Ulterior Motives

Third parties are influential sources of information about other people, but their impact on audiences' impressions may depend on perceptions of their motives to provide the information. In two experiments we showed that when sources had a motive congruent with the target information they provided (i.e., negative information while having an obstructive motive and positive information with a facilitative motive) target impressions were less correspondent with the information (i.e., discounting). When sources had an incongruent motive (e.g., positive information while having an obstructive motive) target impressions were more correspondent with the information (i.e., augmentation). These effects were obtained with target information about likeability (Study 1) and competency (Study 2). Extending principles of attribution theory and ulterior motivation, these results show that inferences about one person can affect impressions of another one.
The impact of interactive engagement methods on students' academic achievement

Interactive engagement (IE) is a process that promotes students' conceptual understanding through activities, combined with immediate feedback from peers and/or instructors. The present study investigates the impact of IE on students' academic performance, using the comprehensive model of educational effectiveness. Engineering students (n = 158), randomly divided into three groups (self-assessment, collaborative learning, and control) provided the study data on questionnaires as well as with their test scores. Analyses of covariance reveal significant differences across groups, along with significant interaction effects. These findings have notable implications for improving students' academic achievement.
Interactive whole class teaching in the National Literacy and Numercy Strategies

The study set out to investigate the impact of the official endorsement of ‘interactive whole class teaching’ on the interaction and discourse styles of primary teachers while teaching the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies. In both strategies, interactive whole class teaching is seen as an ‘active teaching’ model promoting high quality dialogue and discussion between teachers and pupils. Pupils are expected to play an active part in discussion by asking questions, contributing ideas and explaining and demonstrating their thinking to the class. Using computerized systematic classroom observation, discourse analysis of transcripts and a questionnaire, the project looked specifically at the discourse strategies currently used by a national sample of primary teachers when teaching the literacy and numeracy strategies and their perceptions of current practices. The findings suggest that traditional patterns of whole class interaction have not been dramatically transformed by the strategies. The implica.
COMPARISON OF LITERATURE SEARCHES ON QUALITY AND COSTS FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT USING THE MEDLINE AND EMBASE DATABASES

Biomedical databases are an important source of information for health technology assessment. However, there is considerable variation in the costs of accessing commercial databases. We sought to measure the quality, amount of overlap, and costs of information retrieved from two of the main database sources — MEDLINE and EMBASE. Librarians at two health technology assessment agencies ran a total of eight literature searches on various medical technologies, using both databases. All search results were independently reviewed by two researchers. The researchers were asked to identify relevant references and to rank each of these according to a level of evidence scale. The results were tabulated to show the number of references identified by each database, the number of relevant references ranked by level of evidence, and the number of these references that were unique to one or the other database. The cost of retrieving references from each source was also calculated. Each database contained relevant references not available in the other. Because of the longer time lag for indexing in MEDLINE, many of the references that originally appeared to be unique to EMBASE were subsequently available in MEDLINE as well. Since our study was conducted, MEDLINE has been made available worldwide, free of charge, via the Internet. Hence, the cost difference between the databases is now even greater. However, notwithstanding the costs, it appears that literature searches that rely on only one or the other database will inevitably miss pertinent information.
Neuroinflammatory component of gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis

In multiple sclerosis (MS), using simultaneous magnetic resonance–positron emission tomography (MR‐PET) imaging with 11C‐PBR28, we quantified expression of the 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of activated microglia/macrophages, in cortex, cortical lesions, deep gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) lesions, and normal‐appearing WM (NAWM) to investigate the in vivo pathological and clinical relevance of neuroinflammation.
Using SWPBS Expectations as a Screening Tool to Predict Behavioral Risk in Middle School

School-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) focuses on promoting social competence through the establishment of behavior expectations that are explicitly taught and reinforced by all teachers across all settings. This study investigated the validity of using adherence to SWPBS behavior expectations as a screening tool for predicting behavior risk status. A total of 961 students at a middle school serving Grades 6 through 8 were screened using the school’s SWPBS expectations and a standardized norm-referenced emotional and behavioral screener. Results revealed strong associations between the extent of students’ adherence to SWPBS expectations and the adaptive, externalizing, and school problem constructs derived from the norm-referenced screener items; associations with the norm-referenced screener’s internalizing construct were weaker. Classification analyses yielded mixed results despite the comparability between the results of the SWPBS expectations procedure and the standardized norm-referenced screener.
Evidence for the Efficacy of Self-Report in Predicting Nonviolent and Violent Criminal Recidivism

Self-report instruments have not been favored in the prediction of criminal recidivism. The present study compared the predictive accuracy of a self-report instrument (Self-Appraisal Questionnaire) with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, General Statistical Information on Recidivism, and the Violent Risk Appraisal Guide. The sample consisted of incarcerated males (N=78) who were followed for 2 years following release. Of the four risk prediction instruments, the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire was statistically equivalent in predicting nonviolent and violent recidivism. These results suggest that a self-report instrument can predict recidivism.
Peer Mentoring: Making a Difference at James Cook University, Cairns It's Moments Like These You Need Mentors

SUMMARY This paper adds to the literature on mentoring in its discussion of the successful application of a peer‐mentoring programme in a small university campus in tropical north‐eastern Australia. The Student Mentor programme at James Cook University Cairns has been evolving for eight years and is still developing with student and staff initiatives. The ethos of the programme involves the offer of a friendly helping hand from a continuing student for each new student in his or her first semester. The paper could be useful for those currently involved with or setting up a peer mentoring programme.
Cohort profile: the Canadian HIV-hepatitis C co-infection cohort study.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as one of the most vexing health problems facing HIV-infected persons. Due largely to injection drug use (IDU),430% of HIV-infected patients are co-infected with HCV in developed countries with 10 million co-infected worldwide. In 1999, 11 194 Canadians were estimated to be co-infected and this number has likely increased substantially since. HCV infection has also increasingly been reported in HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM) who have not used injection drugs. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) there have been dramatic reductions in morbidity and mortality from virtually all causes of illness among HIV-infected persons. One of the glaring exceptions to this trend is death from end-stage liver disease (ESLD) with rates increasing 4to 8-fold in the post-HAART era. This excess mortality may be due, in part, to improved overall survival associated with HAART, allowing competing morbidities and mortalities that were once rarely observed. In addition, HCVassociated hepatic fibrosis has been shown to progress more rapidly in the context of HIV infection, likely due to immune dysfunction. Several other factors may be at play, including chronic hepatotoxicity related to antiretrovirals, incomplete immune recovery, heavy alcohol use and problems with access and/or adherence to HAART and HCV treatment in a population with high rates of substance use. The growing burden of chronic HCV infection is expected to result in dramatic increases in the rates of cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplant needs and related annual healthcare costs in Canada and worldwide. Understanding the complex interplay between sociodemographic factors, substance use, biology and treatments that may affect outcomes in co-infection is necessary to meet the challenge of providing effective
Families of algorithms related to the inversion of a Symmetric Positive Definite matrix

We study the high-performance implementation of the inversion of a Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrix on architectures ranging from sequential processors to Symmetric MultiProcessors to distributed memory parallel computers. This inversion is traditionally accomplished in three “sweeps”: a Cholesky factorization of the SPD matrix, the inversion of the resulting triangular matrix, and finally the multiplication of the inverted triangular matrix by its own transpose. We state different algorithms for each of these sweeps as well as algorithms that compute the result in a single sweep. One algorithm outperforms the current ScaLAPACK implementation by 20-30 percent due to improved load-balance on a distributed memory architecture.
Myocardial Feature Tracking Reduces Observer-Dependence in Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Objectives To determine whether quantitative wall motion assessment by CMR myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) would reduce the impact of observer experience as compared to visual analysis in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods 15 consecutive patients with ICM referred for assessment of hibernating myocardium were studied at 3 Tesla using SSFP cine images at rest and during low dose dobutamine stress (5 and 10 μg/kg/min of dobutamine). Conventional visual, qualitative analysis was performed independently and blinded by an experienced and an inexperienced reader, followed by post-processing of the same images by CMR-FT to quantify subendocardial and subepicardial circumferential (Eccendo and Eccepi) and radial (Err) strain. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) were assessed for each strain parameter and operator to detect the presence of inotropic reserve as visually defined by the experienced observer. Results 141 segments with wall motion abnormalities at rest were eligible for the analysis. Visual scoring of wall motion at rest and during dobutamine was significantly different between the experienced and the inexperienced observer (p<0.001). All strain values (Eccendo, Eccepi and Err) derived during dobutamine stress (5 and 10 μg/kg/min) showed similar diagnostic accuracy for the detection of contractile reserve for both operators with no differences in ROC (p>0.05). Eccendo was the most accurate (AUC of 0.76, 10 μg/kg/min of dobutamine) parameter. Diagnostic accuracy was worse for resting strain with differences between operators for Eccendo and Eccepi (p<0.05) but not Err (p>0.05). Conclusion Whilst visual analysis remains highly dependent on operator experience, quantitative CMR-FT analysis of myocardial wall mechanics during DS-CMR provides diagnostic accuracy for the detection of inotropic reserve regardless of operator experience and hence may improve diagnostic robustness of low-dose DS-CMR in clinical practice.
Self-face hallucination evoked by electrical stimulation of the human brain

Objectives: Self-face hallucination (autoscopic hallucination or AH) has been reported in patients with widespread brain damage or retrospectively after epileptic seizures. The neural basis and the self-processing operations underlying AH remain unknown. Methods: We report the results of intracerebral electrical stimulations of the right medial occipitoparietal cortex (right precuneus and occipitoparietal sulcus) in 2 patients with epilepsy who underwent a stereo-EEG. Results: Immediately after the onset of the stimulation, the 2 patients reported seeing their current own face, facing themselves, in their left visual field. Conclusions: Our study shows that the medial occipitoparietal junction has a key role in generating AH. This region has been shown to have a central role in various self-processing operations and especially in self-face recognition. Our observations further reveal that this region is involved in a visual representation of our own face, which is generated during the pathologic phenomenon of AH. This visual representation of our own face may be useful for self-face recognition and social cognition processes involving judgment of self-facial resemblance to others.
An Investigation into African Immigrants' Experiences with the Police in Finland

Individual African immigrants' experiences with the police in Finland often seem to be characterised by tension and suspicion. This article examines how Finnish respondents' perceptions of the police are affected by their previous encounters. In an effort to explain this phenomenon, the article examines why these past experiences have sometimes impacted on African immigrants' attitudes toward the police. Also, the article attempts to understand the role that ‘race’ played in the respondents' attitudes, a variable which is shown to be responsible for their perspective. In addition, it is argued that the respondents' personal experiences are affected by their previous encounters (or an encounter of a close friend) with the police in Finland. In analysing the social role played by these encounters, the study draws attention to their analytical significance to the respondents. Furthermore, in investigating these experiences with the police, this article attempts to describe the way individual African immigrants use their experiences to draw conclusions about the police. Finally, this study also draws on the importance of these previous experiences in view of the fact that African immigrants are often in the marginalised sector of the economy, for the aim is to improve our understanding of their everyday experiences.
The cobalamin-binding proteins transcobalamin and haptocorrin in maternal and cord blood sera at birth.

BACKGROUND Two proteins carry vitamin B12 in plasma. Transcobalamin (TC) carries approximately 25% of total plasma vitamin B12 and is 6% to 20% saturated with cobalamin. Haptocorrin (HC) binds approximately 80% of total cobalamin and is largely saturated with cobalamin. METHODS We investigated the distribution and the relationship between concentrations of cobalamin, total and holo forms of TC, and HC in blood samples from pregnant women just before delivery (n = 92) and in cord blood samples from their newborn babies. We also investigated the relationship between these proteins and concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), the functional marker of vitamin B12 status. RESULTS Concentrations of total serum cobalamin, total HC, holoHC, and percentage of HC saturation were higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood (mean cobalamin, 268 vs 188 pmol/L; total HC, 648 vs 538 pmol/L; holoHC, 441 vs 237 pmol/L; HC saturation, 70% vs 47%). Moreover, total TC was low in cord blood, whereas both holoTC and TC saturation were higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood (mean total TC, 654 vs 1002 pmol/L; holoTC, 118 vs 53 pmol/L; TC saturation, 19.8% vs 5.4%). Higher maternal serum cobalamin was associated with higher cord blood holoTC and TC saturation (P <0.05). Gestational age was also a significant determinant of baby total TC, TC saturation, total HC, and holoHC. CONCLUSION The close correlation between the amounts of holoTC present in cord blood and in maternal serum supports the importance of maternal cobalamin status for ensuring a sufficient supply to the baby.
Linguistic and Cultural Maintenance Among the Chechens of Jordan

The paper explores and illustrates the ways in which the Chechen language and culture are preserved in Jordan, despite a passage of almost 100 years since Chechens first arrived in the country. It explores the relationship between language maintenance and the non-linguistic processes that affect the outcome of the language situation. It appears that the social and cultural isolation of the Chechens from the mainstream Jordanian life, fostered by the formation of linguistic and cultural islands, has contributed to the maintenance of the Chechen language and culture. The result is that Chechen is used in a variety of functions and domains, i.e. home, school, neighbourhood, religious and cultural settings. It is spoken almost daily among Chechen family members, in their residential areas, and in their cultural institutions. The paper shows that the third and fourth generation Chechen Jordanians have maintained a diglossic use of Arabic, the language of the majority of Jordanians, and Chechen. This is despite the fact that most immigrant communities in the world tend to shift to the language of the majority.
The mediating role of social relationships in the association of adolescents’ individual school self-concept and their school engagement, belonging and helplessness in school

It is well known that teachers frequently observe a decline in the scholastic motivation of many adolescent students, which in turn is often associated with a decline in students’ individual school self-concept. In contrast, less is known about the association between students’ individual school self-concept and school engagement, or the related concepts of school belonging and helplessness in school. The current study explored social relationships as mediators in the association between individual school self-concept and adolescents’ school engagement, belonging to school and helplessness in school in a large sample of 7th and 8th grade students (N = 1088; MAge = 13.7) in secondary schools in Brandenburg, Germany. The results of two structural equation models showed that the teacher–student relationship mediated the association between individual school self-concept and school engagement, belonging to school and helplessness in school, respectively. In contrast, the student–student relationship did not mediate any of these associations.
Evidence for Assembly of Small Multidrug Resistance Proteins by a “Two-faced” Transmembrane Helix*

Clinically significant bacterial resistance to drugs and cytotoxic compounds can be conferred by the energy-dependent efflux of toxicants, catalyzed by proteins embedded in the bacterial cell membrane. One such group of proteins, the small multidrug resistance family, are drug/proton antiporters that must oligomerize to function, a process that requires the assembly of at least two inactive monomers by intermolecular association of their four transmembrane helices. Here, we have used peptides that correspond to each of the four wild type transmembrane helices of the Halobacterium salinarum protein Hsmr and a corresponding library of mutant peptides to determine the interactive surfaces that likely contribute to protein oligomerization. Hsmr peptides were examined for strong (sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant) and weaker (perfluorooctanoate-resistant) helix-helix interactions, in conjunction with circular dichroism, fluorescence energy transfer measurements, and molecular modeling. The results are compatible with a scheme in which two faces of helix four permit self-assembly via a higher affinity asymmetric pairing and a lower affinity symmetric interaction, resulting in a discrete tetramer. Our finding that two surfaces of helix four can contribute to the stability of small multidrug resistance protein assembly provides a molecular basis for the design of therapeutics that target this antibiotic resistance mechanism.
Attachment Styles and the "Big Five" Personality Traits: Their Connections with Each Other and with Romantic Relationship Outcomes

Hazan and Shaver have identified three adult attachment styles corresponding to the infant-mother attachment patterns observed by Ainsworth and associates in the first year of life: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. These three styles are related to a wide variety of close relationship processes and outcomes. To date, however; little research has focused on relations between attachment styles and major personality constructs. Such re-search can clarify, the nature of attachment styles and ensure that they are not simply redundant with existing constructs. The present research examined associations between attachment measures, relationship quality and outcome measures, and the 'Big Five"personality traits assessed by the NEO Personality Inventory. Attachment styles were related in theoretically predictable ways to the Big Five dimensions and especially to some of their 'facet' subscales but were not simply redundant with them. The NEO scales were generally not as powerful as the attachment style measures in predicting romantic relationship outcomes, probably because of the greater specificity of the attachment measures.
Exercise and the Low-Security Inmate

Exercise has a history of alleviating depression, stress, and anxiety in various populations, but research into its effects on low-security prison inmates is limited. Inmates who were exercising or not exercising prior to the beginning of the study completed the Beck Depression Inventory II, Life Experiences Survey, and Daily Hassles Survey. Those who performed aerobic or anaerobic exercise scored significantly lower on the Beck Depression Inventory II and Life Experiences Survey than the inmates who did not exercise. Current charges were the only significant predictor of group membership. The authors conclude that the lower levels of depression, stress, and anxiety seen among the inmates suggest that exercise is a coping strategy to deal with incarceration.
Experiencias disociativas: una escala de medida

Dissociation is common to a range of psychopathogical disorders (multiple personality, post-traumatic stress, psychogenic fugue, psychogenic amnesia, depersonalization and derealization syndromes, etc.). A validation of the DES (Dissociative Experiences Scale) developed in the USA by Bernstein and Putnam (1986) is presented in this paper. The translated version of the scale was applied to a sample of 222 undergraduates (normal population) and 17 schizophrenics (inpatient population). Our results can be summarized as follows: a) we found a great variability in the response pattern in the normal population: b) the factor analysis shows a complex structure of the scale; c) we found a high interpretability of the items in both populations, through two different mechanisms; d) the scale is most informative if it is not selfreported; e) we found no sex differences. In short, results highlight the value of exploring objective culturally adjusted systems to measure dissociation.