Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assembly of urothelial plaques: tetraspanin function in membrane protein trafficking.

The apical surface of mammalian urothelium is covered by 16-nm protein particles packed hexagonally to form 2D crystals of asymmetric unit membranes (AUM) that contribute to the remarkable permeability barrier function of the urinary bladder. We have shown previously that bovine AUMs contain four major integral membrane proteins, i.e., uroplakins Ia, Ib, II, and IIIa, and that UPIa and Ib (both tetraspanins) form heterodimers with UPII and IIIa, respectively. Using a panel of antibodies recognizing different conformational states of uroplakins, we demonstrate that the UPIa-dependent, furin-mediated cleavage of the prosequence of UPII leads to global conformational changes in mature UPII and that UPIb also induces conformational changes in its partner UPIIIa. We further demonstrate that tetraspanins CD9, CD81, and CD82 can stabilize their partner protein CD4. These results indicate that tetraspanin uroplakins, and some other tetraspanin proteins, can induce conformational changes leading to the ER-exit, stabilization, and cell surface expression of their associated, single-transmembrane-domained partner proteins and thus can function as "maturation-facilitators. " We propose a model of AUM assembly in which conformational changes in integral membrane proteins induced by uroplakin interactions, differentiation-dependent glycosylation, and the removal of the prosequence of UPII play roles in regulating the assembly of uroplakins to form AUM.
Parental Effort and Reproductive Skew in Coalitions of Brood Rearing Female Common Eiders

Members of breeding groups face conflicts over parental effort when balancing antipredatory vigilance and feeding. Empirical evidence has shown disparate responses to manipulations of parental effort. We develop a model in which we determine the evolutionarily stable effort of partners given their body conditions, allowing the benefits of shared care to be unevenly divided, and we test this model’s predictions with data on common eiders (Somateria mollissima). Eiders show uniparental female care; females may share brood rearing, or they may tend alone, and their body condition at hatching of the young shows large environmentally induced variation. The model predicts that parental effort (vigilance) in a coalition is lower than when tending alone, controlling for parental condition; this prediction is supported by the data. The parental effort in a coalition should be positively correlated with body condition, and this prediction is also supported. Finally, parental effort should increase when partner condition decreases and vice versa; this prediction is partially supported. The Nash bargaining game may provide promising avenues by which to determine the precise settlement of reproductive skew and effort between coalition partners in the future.
Public/Private language aggression against women

Verbal aggression against women often serves to naturalize a binary construction of gender. The form and content of verbal aggression against women may be shifting in the 21st century context, in which overtly sexist language in public settings is viewed as unacceptable. However, we argue that in fact, sexist language continues, albeit at times in less overt ways and particularly so when the discourse is public, or likely to be made public. This study examines the specific content of language aggression against women with two sources of data: 1) the population of tweets containing the handle @femfreq posted during 17 days in the fall of 2013, and 2) the population of 130 civil protection order petitions filed in the first 8 months of 2010 in a small city in the Pacific Northwest. We consider how the content of gendered language aggression in Tweets — a form of verbal discourse that is authored by people who do not personally know the object of their aggression — is similar to and different from the language aggression perpetrated by the intimate partners of women seeking legal protection from abuse from the courts — a form of verbal discourse enacted in intimate contexts.
THE PHYSICS OF THE FAR-INFRARED–RADIO CORRELATION. II. SYNCHROTRON EMISSION AS A STAR FORMATION TRACER IN HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES

We construct one-zone steady-state models of cosmic ray (CR) injection, cooling, and escape over the entire dynamic range of the FIR–radio correlation (FRC), from normal galaxies to starbursts, over the redshift interval 0 ⩽ z ⩽ 10. Normal galaxies with low star formation rates become radio faint at high z, because inverse Compton (IC) losses off the cosmic microwave background (CMB) cool CR electrons and positrons rapidly, suppressing their nonthermal radio emission. However, we find that this effect occurs at higher redshifts than previously expected, because escape, bremsstrahlung, ionization, and starlight IC losses act to counter this effect and preserve the radio luminosity of galaxies. The radio dimming of star-forming galaxies at high z is not just a simple competition between magnetic field energy density and the CMB energy density; the CMB must also compete with every other loss process. We predict relations for the critical redshift when radio emission is significantly suppressed compared to the z ≈ 0 FRC as a function of star formation rate per unit area. For example, a MilkyWay like spiral becomes radio faint at z ≈ 2, while an M82-like starburst does not become radio faint until z ≈ 10–20. We show that the “buffering” effect of non-synchrotron losses improves the detectability of star-forming galaxies in synchrotron radio emission with Expanded Very Large Array and Square Kilometer Array. Additionally, we provide a quantitative explanation for the relative radio brightness of some high-z submillimeter galaxies. We show that at fixed star formation rate surface density, galaxies with larger CR scale heights are radio bright with respect to the FRC, because of weaker bremsstrahlung and ionization losses compared to compact starbursts. We predict that these “puffy starbursts” should have steeper radio spectra than compact galaxies with the same star formation rate surface density. We find that radio-bright submillimeter galaxies alone cannot explain the excess radio emission reported by ARCADE2, but they may significantly enhance the diffuse radio background with respect to a naive application of the z ≈ 0 FRC.
Comparison of Vaginal Misoprostol with Foley Catheter for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor

At times, despite an unripe cervix, induction of labor may be needed. In these cases, a safe and suitable method should be considered for cervical ripening and pregnancy termination. The aim of this study is the comparison of vaginal misoprostol with Foley catheter for cervical ripening and induction of labor. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 108 pregnant women who had referred to the teaching hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during a time period of September 2007 to March 2008. These women were randomly divided into two groups: Misoprostol (including 49 patients) and Foley catheter (including 59 patients). For the first group, 25 microgram vaginal misoprostol was administered every 4 h up to maximum 6 doses. For the second group, Foley catheter 18 F, inflated with 50 cc of sterile water, was placed through the internal os of the cervix. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Two groups were similar in the view of demographic characteristics, cesarean indications, maternal and fetal outcomes and neonatal outcomes. Vaginal delivery was significantly higher in misoprostol group (89.9 vs. 62.7, p < 0.01). The mean of delivery time was significantly shorter in misoprostol group (11.08 ± 5.6 vs. 13.6 ± 16.0 h, p < 0.05). In the cases of pregnancy termination and unripe cervix, two methods of misoprostol and Foley catheter were considered suitable, but it seemed that misoprostol decreases the delivery time and was needed for the cesarean section.
Trading under ambiguity and the effect of learning ∗

Abstract In this experimental study, I investigate the effect of ambiguity on investors’ willingness to trade under different information conditions. The results confirm the prediction of a wide set of theoretical models, that ambiguity aversion reduces willingness to trade in incomplete markets. Participants choose significantly wider bid-ask spreads when return distributions are ambiguous rather than objectively known. This effect also persists when subjects learn probabilities progressively. However, in the latter case, different information generates more divergent quotes. The more extreme quotes are consistent with a particular updating rule, which is conditional smooth preferences. These findings highlight the role of gradual information release for market underand overreaction in ambiguous markets.
Systematic review of available guidelines on fertility preservation of young patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Since the survival rate of breast cancer patients has improved, harmful effects of new treatment modalities on fertility of the young breast cancer patients has become a focus of attention. This study aimed to systematically review and critically appraise all available guidelines for fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Major citation databases were searched for treatment guidelines. Experts from relevant disciplines appraised the available guidelines. The AGREE II Instrument that includes 23 criteria in seven domains (scope and purpose of the guidelines, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity, applicability, editorial independence, and overall quality) was used to apprise and score the guidelines. RESULTS The search strategy retrieved 2,606 citations; 72 were considered for full-text screening and seven guidelines were included in the study. There was variability in the scores assigned to different domains among the guidelines. ASCO (2013), with an overall score of 68.0%, had the highest score, and St Gallen, with an overall score of 24.7%, had the lowest scores among the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS With the promising survival rate among breast cancer patients, more attention should be given to include specific fertility preservation recommendations for young breast cancer patients.
Feature extraction for facial expression recognition based on hybrid face regions

Facial expression recognition has numerous applications, including psychological research, improved human computer interaction, and sign language translation. A novel facial expression recognition system based on hybrid face regions (HFR) is investigated. The expression recognition system is fully automatic, and consists of the following modules: face detection, facial detection, feature extraction, optimal features selection, and classification. The features are extracted from both whole face image and face regions (eyes and mouth) using log Gabor filters. Then, the most discriminate features are selected based on mutual information criteria. The system can automatically recognize six expressions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. The selected features are classified using the Naive Bayesian (NB) classifier. The proposed method has been extensively assessed using Cohn-Kanade database and JAFFE database. The experiments have highlighted the efficiency of the proposed HFR method in enhancing the classification rate.
Measuring Word Significance using Distributed Representations of Words

Distributed representations of words as real-valued vectors in a relatively low-dimensional space aim at extracting syntactic and semantic features from large text corpora. A recently introduced neural network, named word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013a; Mikolov et al., 2013b), was shown to encode semantic information in the direction of the word vectors. In this brief report, it is proposed to use the length of the vectors, together with the term frequency, as measure of word significance in a corpus. Experimental evidence using a domain-specific corpus of abstracts is presented to support this proposal. A useful visualization technique for text corpora emerges, where words are mapped onto a two-dimensional plane and automatically ranked by significance.
The Importance of Lens Galaxy Environments

It is suspected that many strong gravitational lens galaxies lie in poor groups or rich clusters of galaxies, which modify the lens potentials. Unfortunately, little is actually known about the environments of most lenses, so environmental effects in lens models are often unconstrained and sometimes ignored. We show that such poor knowledge of environments introduces significant biases and uncertainties into a variety of lensing applications. Specifically, we create a mock poor group of 13 galaxies that resembles real groups, generate a sample of mock lenses associated with each member galaxy, and then analyze the lenses with standard techniques. We find that standard models of two-image (double) lenses, which neglect environment, grossly overestimate both the ellipticity of the lens galaxy (Δe/e ~ 0.5) and the Hubble constant (Δh/h ~ 0.22). Standard models of four-image (quad) lenses, which approximate the environment as a tidal shear, recover the ellipticity reasonably well (|Δe/e| ≲ 0.24) but overestimate the Hubble constant (Δh/h ~ 0.15) and have significant (~30%) errors in the millilensing analyses used to constrain the amount of substructure in dark matter halos. For both doubles and quads, standard models slightly overestimate the velocity dispersion of the lens galaxy (Δσ/σ ~ 0.06) and underestimate the magnifications of the images (Δμ/μ ~ -0.25). Standard analyses that use the statistics of lens populations to place limits on the dark energy overestimate ΩΛ (by 0.05-0.14) and underestimate the ratio of quads to doubles (by a factor of 2). The systematic biases related to environment help explain some long-standing puzzles (such as the high observed quad/double ratio) but aggravate others (such as the low value of H0 inferred from lensing). Most of the biases are caused by neglect of the convergence (gravitational focusing) from the mass associated with the environment, but additional uncertainty is introduced by neglect of higher order terms in the lens potential. Fortunately, we show that directly observing and modeling lens environments should make it possible to remove the biases and reduce the uncertainties. Such sophisticated lensing analyses will require finding the other galaxies that are members of the lensing groups and measuring the group centroids and velocity dispersions, but they should reduce systematic effects associated with environments to the few percent level.
Relative Capture: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From the Chinese Judiciary

There has been a long-held view since the Federalist Papers that the lower the level of government, the greater is the extent of capture by vested interests. Relying on the analytical framework of relative capture, I challenge this assumption by arguing that interest groups have different incentives and capacities to capture different levels of government. I test the theory by investigating how judges at different judicial levels adjudicate corporate lawsuits in China. Exploiting a quasi-experiment in which the Supreme People’s Court dramatically raised the threshold for entering higher level courts in 2008, I show that privately owned enterprises are more likely to win in lower level courts, and state-owned enterprises are more likely to win in higher level courts. I then employ qualitative interviews to explore the mechanisms behind them. The findings challenge an underlying assumption in the decentralization literature and have important policy implications for countries that are trapped in centralization/decentralization cycles.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Core Thickness and Fabrication Stages on the Marginal Accuracy of an All-Ceramic System

Objective: To evaluate the influence of core thickness and fabrication stages on the marginal accuracy of IPS e.max Press crowns. Materials and Methods: Twenty IPS e.max Press crowns, 1.5mm thick, were fabricated on metal dies. The crowns had two different core thicknesses, 0.8mm for group A and 1mm for group B, ten for each group. Marginal gap was measured after each stage of core fabrication, veneering and glaze firing. The specimens were not cemented and the measurements were made at four points on metal dies using a stereomicroscope (×120). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and independent t-test. Results: Mean marginal gaps measured after each stage for group A were 13.5 (±1.4) μm, 33.9 (±2.3) μm and 40.5(±1.7) μm, and for group B these figures were 14.9(±2.0) μm, 35.5(±2.2) μm and 41.3(±2.0) μm. There were no statistically significant differences in marginal gap values between the two groups (p>0.1). Significant increase in gap was observed after the veneering stage in both groups (p<0.05). After glazing, no significant increase in gap was detected. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press crowns have an acceptable marginal fit. Increasing thickness of core does not increase marginal fitness.
Pseudo-Projective Dependency Parsing

In order to realize the full potential of dependency-based syntactic parsing, it is desirable to allow non-projective dependency structures. We show how a data-driven deterministic dependency parser, in itself restricted to projective structures, can be combined with graph transformation techniques to produce non-projective structures. Experiments using data from the Prague Dependency Treebank show that the combined system can handle non-projective constructions with a precision sufficient to yield a significant improvement in overall parsing accuracy. This leads to the best reported performance for robust non-projective parsing of Czech.
An investigation of Rowan University students' attitudes toward homosexuality

AnnMarie Panarello AN INVESTIGATION OF ROWAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD HOMOSEXUALITY 2003/04 Dr. John Klanderman and Dr. Robertta Dihoff Master of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this investigation was to investigate undergraduate student attitudes toward homosexuality. Between group differences were explored in terms of (a) gender, (b) religious affiliation, and (c) year of study. One hundred and twenty nine Rowan University Undergraduate students participated by answering a homophobia scale questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. A three-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in mean scores between men and women, affirming that women scored lower on the homophobia scale than men. No other between group differences were found to be statistically significant. Implications for future research are
The New Phillips Curve in Canada

A recent class of dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model integr Keynesian features, such as imperfect competition and nominal rigidi resulting in a new view of the nature of inflation dynamics. These mod are grounded in an optimizing framework where imperfectly competit firms are constrained by costly price adjustments. Within this framewo the process of inflation is described by the so-called New Keynesian Phi curve (NKPC), which has two distinguishing features. First, the inflat process has a forward-looking component and second, it is related to marginal costs. These features are a consequence of the fact that in framework firms set prices in anticipation of future demand and factor co Compared with traditional reduced-form Phillips curves, which are sub to the Lucas critique, the NKPC is a structural model with parameters are unlikely to vary as the policy regime changes. This aspect is importa a country such as Canada, because parameter instability in reduced models is a likely possibility since the adoption of an explicit inflatio targeting regime. Furthermore, the NKPC specification has dramatic im cations for the conduct of monetary policy in that a fully credible cent bank can bring about disinflation at no recessionary cost if inflation i purely forward-looking phenomenon. A crucial issue is therefore whet the NKPC is empirically relevant. The New Phillips Curve in Canada
Multiplexed Echo Planar Imaging for Sub-Second Whole Brain FMRI and Fast Diffusion Imaging

Echo planar imaging (EPI) is an MRI technique of particular value to neuroscience, with its use for virtually all functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion imaging of fiber connections in the human brain. EPI generates a single 2D image in a fraction of a second; however, it requires 2–3 seconds to acquire multi-slice whole brain coverage for fMRI and even longer for diffusion imaging. Here we report on a large reduction in EPI whole brain scan time at 3 and 7 Tesla, without significantly sacrificing spatial resolution, and while gaining functional sensitivity. The multiplexed-EPI (M-EPI) pulse sequence combines two forms of multiplexing: temporal multiplexing (m) utilizing simultaneous echo refocused (SIR) EPI and spatial multiplexing (n) with multibanded RF pulses (MB) to achieve m×n images in an EPI echo train instead of the normal single image. This resulted in an unprecedented reduction in EPI scan time for whole brain fMRI performed at 3 Tesla, permitting TRs of 400 ms and 800 ms compared to a more conventional 2.5 sec TR, and 2–4 times reductions in scan time for HARDI imaging of neuronal fibertracks. The simultaneous SE refocusing of SIR imaging at 7 Tesla advantageously reduced SAR by using fewer RF refocusing pulses and by shifting fat signal out of the image plane so that fat suppression pulses were not required. In preliminary studies of resting state functional networks identified through independent component analysis, the 6-fold higher sampling rate increased the peak functional sensitivity by 60%. The novel M-EPI pulse sequence resulted in a significantly increased temporal resolution for whole brain fMRI, and as such, this new methodology can be used for studying non-stationarity in networks and generally for expanding and enriching the functional information.
Smartphone app usage as a predictor of perceived stress levels at workplace

Explosion of number of smartphone apps and their diversity has created a fertile ground to study behaviour of smartphone users. Patterns of app usage, specifically types of apps and their duration are influenced by the state of the user and this information can be correlated with the self-reported state of the users. The work in this paper is along the line of understanding patterns of app usage and investigating relationship of these patterns with the perceived stress level within the workplace context. Our results show that using a subject-centric behaviour model we can predict stress levels based on smartphone app usage. The results we have achieved, of average accuracy of 75% and precision of 85.7%, can be used as an indicator of overall stress levels in work environments and in turn inform stress-reduction organisational policies, especially when considering interrelation between stress and productivity of workers.
Fathers' and Mothers' Emotional Accessibility and Youth's Developmental Outcomes

ABSTRACT This study examined the association between parents' emotional accessibility and youth's functioning. Participants included 154 parents who completed measures of parental emotional accessibility and their children's emotional and behavioral problems. Results showed that mothers are more emotionally accessible to their children. Mothers' emotional accessibility was associated negatively with youth's emotional and behavioral problems; whereas, fathers' emotional accessibility was associated with only youth's behavioral problems. This study highlights the importance of examining parental emotional accessibility when studying youth's development, utilizing parental perceptions to learn about youth and family functioning, and actively including fathers in family research studies.