Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working Papers in Economics and Statistics Honesty on the Streets a Natural Field Experiment on Newspaper Purchasing Honesty on the Streets a Natural Field Experiment on Newspaper Purchasing

A publisher uses an honor system for selling a newspaper in the street. The customers are supposed to pay, but they can also pay less than the price or not pay at all. We conduct an experiment to study honesty in this market. The results show that appealing to honesty increases payments, whereas reminding the customers of the legal norm has no effect. Furthermore, appealing to honesty does not affect the behavior of the dishonest. These findings suggest that some people have internalized an honesty norm, whereas others have not, and that the willingness to pay to obey the norm differs among individuals. In a follow-up survey study we find that honesty is associated with family characteristics, self-esteem, social connectedness, trust in the legal system, and compliance with tax regulations. We thank the " Vorarlberger Medienhaus " for supporting this research.
A French Fairy Tale Corpus syntactically and semantically annotated

Fairy tales, folktales and more generally children stories have lately attracted the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community. As such, very few corpora exist and linguistic resources are lacking. The work presented in this paper aims at filling this gap by presenting a syntactically and semantically annotated corpus. It focuses on the linguistic analysis of a Fairy Tales Corpus, and provides the description of the syntactic and semantic resources developed for Information Extraction. Resources include syntactic dependency relation annotation for 120 verbs; referential annotation, which is concerned with annotating each anaphoric occurrence and Proper Name with the most specific noun in the text; ontology matching for a substantial part of the nouns in the corpus; semantic role labelling for 41 verbs using the FrameNet database. The article also sums up previous analyses of this corpus and indicates possible uses of this corpus for the NLP community.
O VII and O VIII Absorption by Hot Gas in the Vicinity of the Galaxy

We searched for evidence of soft X-ray absorption by hot gas in the vicinity of the Galaxy in a small sample of 15 type I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with the high resolution X-ray gratings on board Chandra. We find that around half of the sight lines in our sample exhibit absorption due to local H- or He-like oxygen (or both) at confidence levels ranging from >90% to >3 σ. Depending on the sight line, the absorption can be identified with hot gas in particular local structures, the Local Group (LG), or the putative local hot intergalactic medium (IGM). Several sight lines in our sample coincide with sight lines in a study of O VI absorption by local gas, so an assumption of collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) allows us to constrain the temperature of the local hot gas. In the southern Galactic hemisphere, we identify absorption along the sight line to Fairall 9 with the Magellanic Stream, and this gas has 105.75 < T < 106.35 K if CIE applies. There may be a blend of O VII absorption features along the sight line toward Mrk 509. LG clouds along this sight line may interact with a hot Galactic corona or a low-density LG medium (or the IGM). The sight line to 3C 120 does not appear to be associated with either local structure or UV-absorbing gas and may correspond to the local hot IGM. Gas in the Magellanic Stream extension along the sight line to Ark 564 has T < 106.1 K if it is in CIE. We show that hot absorbing outflows apparently detected in the spectra of NGC 4051, PDS 456, and PG 1211+143 could actually correspond to absorption by hot, local gas since the outflow velocity from each of these AGNs coincides with the respective cosmological recession velocity of the AGN. Our work implies that apparent mildly relativistic outflows from some QSOs are more likely to correspond to signatures of local, hot gas.
Molecular markers in the surgical margin of oral carcinomas.

BACKGROUND Local or regional lymph node recurrence is the most common pattern of treatment failure in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The local recurrence rate is 30% even when the surgical resection margin is diagnosed as tumour free. Accumulation of genetic changes in histologically normal epithelium in the surgical resection margin may explain the local recurrence rate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of senescence markers, which may represent early malignant changes in the margin that in routine pathological evaluations are classified as histologically normal. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 16 consecutive patients with oral SCC and a clear surgical margin were obtained. The margin was analysed by immunohistochemistry for p53, p16, Chk2, Laminin-5 and glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin. RESULTS Two patterns of p53 expression were found in the histologically normal epithelium in the surgical resection margin. One was characterized by no protein expression in the majority of cells, except for small clusters of basal and parabasal cells with nuclear staining. The other was characterized by p53 expression in the nuclei of most basal cells. The expression of p16 was confined to small groups of cells in the basal cell layer whereas Chk2 was only seen in one case. Upregulation of the stromal proteins, Laminin-5 or glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin, was only seen at regions of invasion. CONCLUSION Small groups of cells expressing p53 and p16 were found in the surgical resection margin that appeared to be histologically normal and may represent early malignant changes.
The Role of The Marketing Mix Factors in Hospital Selection

Background: The problems faced by Soerojo Hospital is currently decreasing the number of outpatient visits and decreasing customer satisfaction. Marketing mix analysis based on satisfaction surveys which on average are good based on hospital customer perceptions and targeted revenue targets from out-of-pocket sources of 30 percent require the right marketing mix tactics for potential customers in the comunity. This study will help Soerojo Hospital choose dominant factor of the marketing mix in hospital selection for making optimal marketing strategy. The aims of this study was to identify the role of the marketing mix factors on people's decisions in hospital selection. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a descriptive, quantitative approach, cross sectional research design, 385 respondents were surveyed with questionnaires and data analysis was carried out with program packages. Results: The components of the marketing mix that occupy the top three positions are the location component with a median of 4.67(1-5), the process component with a median of 4.60 (1-5) and the cost component with a median of 4.50 (1-5). There was a significant difference between the groups who choose and did not choose Soerojo mental hospital in the doctor/staff and promotion (p value <0.05). Conclusion: The location, process and cost components are the components of the marketing mix that most influence the decision to choose a hospital. Suggestions for improvements that can be made by RSJ Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang based on the results of this study.
Pain in aquatic animals

ABSTRACT Recent developments in the study of pain in animals have demonstrated the potential for pain perception in a variety of wholly aquatic species such as molluscs, crustaceans and fish. This allows us to gain insight into how the ecological pressures and differential life history of living in a watery medium can yield novel data that inform the comparative physiology and evolution of pain. Nociception is the simple detection of potentially painful stimuli usually accompanied by a reflex withdrawal response, and nociceptors have been found in aquatic invertebrates such as the sea slug Aplysia. It would seem adaptive to have a warning system that allows animals to avoid life-threatening injury, yet debate does still continue over the capacity for non-mammalian species to experience the discomfort or suffering that is a key component of pain rather than a nociceptive reflex. Contemporary studies over the last 10 years have demonstrated that bony fish possess nociceptors that are similar to those in mammals; that they demonstrate pain-related changes in physiology and behaviour that are reduced by painkillers; that they exhibit higher brain activity when painfully stimulated; and that pain is more important than showing fear or anti-predator behaviour in bony fish. The neurophysiological basis of nociception or pain in fish is demonstrably similar to that in mammals. Pain perception in invertebrates is more controversial as they lack the vertebrate brain, yet recent research evidence confirms that there are behavioural changes in response to potentially painful events. This review will assess the field of pain perception in aquatic species, focusing on fish and selected invertebrate groups to interpret how research findings can inform our understanding of the physiology and evolution of pain. Further, if we accept these animals may be capable of experiencing the negative experience of pain, then the wider implications of human use of these animals should be considered. Summary: This review discusses how aquatic animals may differ in their neurobiological and behavioural responses to injurious stimuli compared with terrestrial animals, which has interesting implications for the evolution of pain.
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation Dovepress Ptsd and Comorbid Aud: a Review of Pharmacological and Alternative Treatment Options

Background: Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) frequently co-occur there are no specific treatments for individuals diagnosed with these comorbid conditions. The main objectives of this paper are to review the literature on pharmacological options for PTSD and comorbid AUD, and to summarize promising behavioral and alternative interventions for those with these dual diagnoses. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PubMed databases using Medical Subject Headings terms in various combinations to identify articles that used pharmacotherapy for individuals with dual diagnoses of PTSD and AUD. Similar strategies were used to identify articles on behavioral and alternative treatments for AUD and PTSD. We identified and reviewed six studies that tested pharmacological treatments for patients with PTSD and comorbid AUD. Results: The literature on treatment with US Food and Drug Administration approved medications for patients with dual diagnosis of PTSD and AUD is very limited and inconclusive. Promising evidence indicates that topiramate and prazosin may be effective in reducing PTSD and AUD symptoms in individuals with comorbidity. Seeking safety has had mixed efficacy in clinical trials. The efficacy of other behavioral and alternative treatments (mindfulness-based, yoga, and acupuncture) is more difficult to evaluate since the evidence comes from small, single studies without comparison groups. Conclusion: There is a clear need for more systematic and rigorous study of pharmacological , behavioral, and alternative treatments for patients with dual diagnoses of PTSD and AUD.
A review of the most common patient-reported outcomes in COPD – revisiting current knowledge and estimating future challenges

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures that quantify disease impact have become important measures of outcome in COPD research and treatment. The objective of this literature review was to comprehensively evaluate psychometric properties of available PRO instruments and the ability of each of them to characterize pharmaceutical treatment effects from published clinical trial evidence. Identified in this study were several PRO measures, both those that have been used extensively in COPD clinical trials (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire) and new instruments whose full value is still to be determined. This suggests a great need for more information about the patient experience of treatment benefit, but this also may pose challenges to researchers, clinicians, and other important stakeholders (eg, regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical companies) who develop new treatment entities and payers (including but not limited to health technology assessment agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health). The purpose of this review is to enable researchers and clinicians to gain a broad overview of PRO measures in COPD by summarizing the value and purpose of these measures and by providing sufficient detail for interested audiences to determine which instrument may be the most suitable for evaluating a particular research purpose.
ROTUNDIFOLIA4 Regulates Cell Proliferation Along the Body Axis in Arabidopsis Shoot

Molecular genetics has been successful in identifying leaf- size regulators such as transcription factors, phytohormones, and signal molecules. Among them, a ROTUNDIFOLIA4-LIKE/DEVIL (RTFL/DVL) family of Arabidopsis, genes encoding peptides with no secretion-signal sequence, is unique in that their overexpressors have a reduced number of leaf cells specifically along the proximodistal axis. However, because the RTFL/DVL lack any obvious homology with functionally identified domains, and because of genetic redundancy among RTFL/DVL, their molecular and developmental roles are unclear. In this study we focused on one member in the family, ROTUNDIFOLIA4 (ROT4), and identified the core functional region within it and we found no proteolytic processing in planta. Developmental analysis of leaf primordia revealed that ROT4 overexpression reduces the meristematic zone size within the leaf blade. Moreover, induced local overexpression demonstrated that ROT4 acts as a regulator of the leaf shape via a change in positional cue along the longitudinal axis. Similarly, ROT4 overexpression results in a protrusion of the main inflorescence stem, again indicating a change in positional cue along the longitudinal axis. These results suggest that ROT4 affects the positional cue and cell proliferation along the body axis.
Phosphate Fertilization of Low Size Castor Bean in Conventional and Narrow Cultivation in Second Cropping Season

The oil present in the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) has several applications, especially its use in the production of biodiesel. Therefore, the aim of this work is the response of low size castor bean to rates of phosphorus in conventional and narrow cultivation in second cropping season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (2 x 5) design with four replications, being two population densities and five rates of phosphorus. The evaluated population densities were 67,340 and 33,670 plants ha (conventional), and the phosphorus rates evaluated were 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha -1 of P2O5. The conventional cultivation resulted in higher stem diameter, plant Original Research Article Oliveira et al.; JEAI, 29(3): 1-11, 2019; Article no.JEAI. 45433 2 height, number of racemo grains, 100 grain mass, grain yield and oil yield. The number of racemes plant -1 was higher in the population density of 33,670 plants ha -1 when it was applied P. Phosphate fertilization contributed to increase grain yield (689 kg ha -1 ) and oil yield (311 kg ha -1 ), with a maximum technical efficiency rate of 80 kg ha of P2O5. Castor bean sown in conventional cultivation with basic fertilization containing 80 kg ha -1 of P2O5 is a promising alternative for the second harvest.
Demographic history and rare allele sharing among human populations

High-throughput sequencing technology enables population-level surveys of human genomic variation. Here, we examine the joint allele frequency distributions across continental human populations and present an approach for combining complementary aspects of whole-genome, low-coverage data and targeted high-coverage data. We apply this approach to data generated by the pilot phase of the Thousand Genomes Project, including whole-genome 2–4× coverage data for 179 samples from HapMap European, Asian, and African panels as well as high-coverage target sequencing of the exons of 800 genes from 697 individuals in seven populations. We use the site frequency spectra obtained from these data to infer demographic parameters for an Out-of-Africa model for populations of African, European, and Asian descent and to predict, by a jackknife-based approach, the amount of genetic diversity that will be discovered as sample sizes are increased. We predict that the number of discovered nonsynonymous coding variants will reach 100,000 in each population after ∼1,000 sequenced chromosomes per population, whereas ∼2,500 chromosomes will be needed for the same number of synonymous variants. Beyond this point, the number of segregating sites in the European and Asian panel populations is expected to overcome that of the African panel because of faster recent population growth. Overall, we find that the majority of human genomic variable sites are rare and exhibit little sharing among diverged populations. Our results emphasize that replication of disease association for specific rare genetic variants across diverged populations must overcome both reduced statistical power because of rarity and higher population divergence.
Differences Physiological Responses and Health Benefits of Indoor Rock Climbing in College–aged Individuals

Nicholson AE, Lopez SL, Burke JL, Emerson KJ, Mueggenborg RL, Dunbar JA. Physiological Responses and Health Benefits of Rock Climbing in College-Aged Individuals, Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research 2007;2(2):1-11. Many health benefits are associated with regular physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses and health benefits of indoor rock climbing in college-aged, recreational climbers. Methods: Five male and five female subjects, ages 19-23, participated in a basic assessment (including VO2max test) and a climbing session. Results: Total energy expenditure (EE), total percent heart rate reserve (%HRR), total percent VO2 reserve (%VO2R), climbing %HRR, and climbing %VO2R were measured while climbing. Mean values for total EE, total %HRR, total %VO2R, climbing %HRR, and climbing %VO2R were 202.89 ± 50.60, 34.90 ± 8.29, 21.90 ± 4.18, 71.10 ± 8.94, and 48.20 ± 7.90 respectively. Conclusion: Indoor rock climbing meets the ACSM intensity guidelines (%HRR and %VO2R) for physical activity and complies with the ACSM recommendations for energy expenditure in college-aged, recreational climbers.
Content dependent effect of H.264/AVC video compression on CT image quality

Image compression helps perfecting the utilization of limited storage and network resources for medical imaging. In many recent studies, H.264 video compression was deemed to be a promising option. This study was the first of its kind in studying the effect of H.264 compression on the image quality of the CT abdominal images acquired in 12-bit density resolution. In this study, 67 sets of abdominal CT scans were used for quantitative image quality analysis, and indicated that the H.264 algorithm worked on a content dependent manner, especially at high compression levels.
Use of the crosspower-spectrum phase in acoustic event location

The article reports on the use of crosspower-spectrum phase (CSP) analysis as an accurate time delay estimation (TDE) technique. It is used in a microphone array system for the location of acoustic events in noisy and reverberant environments. A corresponding coherence measure (CM) and its graphical representation are introduced to show the TDE accuracy. Using a two-microphone pair array, real experiments show less than a 10 cm average location error in a 6 m/spl times/6 m area.
A Longitudinal Study of Paternal Mental Health During Transition to Fatherhood as Young Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rates of paternal depression range from 5% to 10% with a growing body of literature describing the harm to fathers, children, and families. Changes in depression symptoms over the life course, and the role of social factors, are not well known. This study examines associations with changes in depression symptoms during the transition to fatherhood for young fathers and whether this association differed by key social factors. METHODS: We combined all 4 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to support a 23-year longitudinal analysis of 10 623 men and then created a “fatherhood-year” data set, regressing age-adjusted standardized depressive symptoms scores on fatherhood status (nonresidence/residence), fatherhood-years, and covariates to determine associations between Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores and fatherhood life course intervals. RESULTS: Depressive symptom scores reported at the entry into fatherhood are higher for nonresident fathers than nonfathers, which in turn are higher than those of resident fathers. Resident fathers have a significant decrease in scores during late adolescence (β = –0.035, P = .023), but a significant increase in scores during early fatherhood (β = 0.023, P = .041). From entrance into fatherhood to the end of early fatherhood (+5 years), the depressive symptoms score for resident fathers increases on average by 68%. CONCLUSIONS: In our longitudinal, population-based study, resident fathers show increasing depressive symptom scores during children's key attachment years of 0–5. Identifying at-risk fathers based on social factors and designing effective interventions may ultimately improve health outcomes for the entire family.
Motion planning in the presence of moving obstacles

This paper investigates the computational complexity of planning the motion of a body B in 2-D or 3-D space, so as to avoid collision with moving obstacles of known, easily computed, trajectories. Dynamic movement problems are of fundamental importance to robotics, but their computational complexity has not previously been investigated. We provide evidence that the 3-D dynamic movement problem is intractable even if B has only a constant number of degrees of freedom of movement. In particular, we prove the problem is PSPACE-hard if B is given a velocity modulus bound on its movements and is NP hard even if B has no velocity modulus bound, where in both cases B has 6 degrees of freedom. To prove these results we use a unique method of simulation of a Turing machine which uses time to encode configurations (whereas previous lower bound proofs in robotics used the system position to encode configurations and so required unbounded number of degrees of freedom). We also investigate a natural class of dynamic problems which we call asteroid avoidance problems: B, the object we wish to move, is a convex polyhedron which is free to move by translation with bounded velocity modulus, and the polyhedral obstacles have known translational trajectories but cannot rotate. This problem has many applications to robot, automobile, and aircraft collision avoidance. Our main positive results are polynomial time algorithms for the 2-D asteroid avoidance problem with bounded number of obstacles as well as single exponential time and nO(log n) space algorithms for the 3-D asteroid avoidance problem with an unbounded number of obstacles. Our techniques for solving these asteroid avoidance problems are novel in the sense that they are completely unrelated to previous algorithms for planning movement in the case of static obstacles. We also give some additional positive results for various other dynamic movers problems, and in particular give polynomial time algorithms for the case in which B has no velocity bounds and the movements of obstacles are algebraic in space-time.