Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Engineered Human Antibody Fab Fragment Specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV Antigen Has Potent Antibacterial Activity

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute lung injury and mortality through the delivery of exotoxins by the type III secretion system (TTSS). PcrV is an important structural protein of the TTSS. An engineered human antibody Fab fragment that binds to the P. aeruginosa PcrV protein with high affinity has been identified and has potent in vitro neutralization activity against the TTSS. The instillation of a single dose of Fab into the lungs of mice provided protection against lethal pulmonary challenge of P. aeruginosa and led to a substantial reduction of viable bacterial counts in the lungs. These results demonstrate that blocking of the TTSS by a Fab lacking antibody Fc-mediated effector functions can be sufficient for the effective clearance of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection.
Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet on Rate of Achievement in Autistic Children in an Applied Behavioral Analysis Program.

This summary analysis discusses a series of studies that used both between-subjects and within-subjects analyses to examine the effects of a gluten-free diet on the academic achievement of children with autism. In the first study, the between-subjects analysis included data from eight children with autism (ages 5-7), with four on a gluten-free diet and four controls. No significant achievement differences were found. The within-subjects analysis compared rates of achievement from 10 trials of three male participants before and 1 month after placement on a gluten-free diet. Analysis revealed a significant improvement in the rate of achievement following diet initiation. In the second study, six children (ages 4-7) with autism in an applied behavioral analysis program were divided into a gluten-free diet group and a control group. Those with a gluten-free diet showed significant improvement in the rate of learning. The third and fourth studies compared the performance of three of these chiluien 6 mouths and 9 months after placement on a gluten-free diet. Results showed continuous improvement. However, the failure in study five to observe a significant performance change between the base line and the 9-month diet period, using either the between or within-subjects analyses, raises questions about the effectiveness of this treatment. (Contains 23 references.) (CR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet on Rate of Learning in Autistic Children in an Applied Behavioral Analysis Program: Summary Analysis Jamie Lyn Pontino Kelly Schaal
The badh2 allele of the fragrance (fgr/BADH2) gene is present in the gene population of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) from Thailand.

The gene population of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is expected to play important role in increasing the genetic diversity of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). A candidate gene (fgr/BADH2) homologous to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for aroma metabolism in fragrant rice varieties. The presence of a dominant BADH2 allele encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibits the synthesis of 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2AP), a potent flavor component in rice fragrance. By contrast, its recessive alleles, badh2, induce 2AP formation. The present study was carried out to determine the presence of the recessive allele of the fragrance gene of the weedy rice population in an important rice growing area of Northeastern Thailand. Among the 215 weedy rice plants examined, three genotypes, BADH2/BADH2, BADH2/badh2 and badh2/badh2 were detected. Frequencies of the badh2 allele showed a high value of 0.547. A test of goodness-of-fit was performed to assess the evolutionary processes influencing this gene locus. The test indicate that the evolutionary process did not play a significant role in influencing the gene locus ( = 3.5, P >0.05). The badh2 allele was not 2 found in the wild rice populations used in this study. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that the badh 2 allele in the weedy rice population originated from fragrant rice cultivars.
Advancing Implementation of Evidence-Based Public Health in China: An Assessment of the Current Situation and Suggestions for Developing Regions

Objective. Existing research shows a serious scarcity of EBPH practice in China and other developing regions; as an exploratory study, this study aimed to assess the current EBPH implementation status in Shanghai of China qualitatively. Methods. Using semistructured key informant interviews, we examined the status of and impediments to the lagging EBPH in China. Data were analyzed based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results. Chinese public health practitioners knew more about evidence-based medicine but less about EBPH. The situation was worse in community healthcare centers. Participants perceived that evidence sources were limited and the quality of evidence was low. Concerning the inner setting factors, the structural characteristics, networks and communications, implementation climate, and leadership engagement were confronted with many problems. Among the outer setting factors, external government policies and incentives and low patient compliance were the key problems. Additionally, public health practitioners in Shanghai lacked sufficient awareness of EBPH. Furthermore, the current project-based EBPH lacks a systematic implementation system. Conclusions. Existing practical perspectives on EBPH indicate a lag in the advocacy of this new ideology in China. It would be advisable for healthcare institutions to take the initiative to explore feasible and multiple methods of EBPH promotion.
Urban Responses to Climate Change: Theories and Governance Practice in Cities of the Global South

Cities around the world have recently started to become 'proactive' initiators of climate strategies containing both mitigation and adaptation elements. The experience of these first movers has been studied and documented both empirically and, to a lesser extent, theoretically, primarily for cities in the global North. This symposium addresses related knowledge gaps by exploring case studies of urban regions in the global South confronting their projected climate change challenges, showcasing the experiences of Delhi, Santiago de Chile and Bogota. Its specific aim is to explore the urban social response to nature change, the adaptation challenges faced by cities across the world and current practices of urban adaptation. Further, the symposium seeks to understand to what extent and in what respect current conceptual frameworks - which highlight urban ecological security and vulnerability - provide a useful context/framing to assist cities in confronting their challenges and to explain their actions. This introductory article examines current knowledge of the theory and practice of urban climate response. It introduces the concepts of ecological security and vulnerability and discusses the adaptive capacity of cities and how they are starting to respond to the emerging challenges of climate change. It concludes with a synthesis of the case articles and highlights some of the findings.
Reconceptualizing Teaching Practice: Self-Study in Teacher Education

Part 1 Philosophical perspectives -introduction, Tom Russell A framework for the development of self-study practice, John Loughran, Jeff Northfield Self-study and the development of collective knowledge, Howard A. Smith. Part 2 Methodological perspectives - introduction, Stefinee Pinnegar Turning to the artists - developing an enlightened eye by creating teaching self-portraits, Janet C. Richards Self-study through the use of practical argument, Debbie L. Tidwell, Melissa I. Heston Claiming to understand educational development Susan Wilcox Building a teacher education community - combining Electronic Mail with face-to-face interactions, Rena Upitis, Tom Russell. Part 3 Case studies of individual self-study - introduction, Mary Lynn Hamilton Harmony, conflict and respect - an Asian-American educator's self-study, Linda K. Oda Reflecting critically on teaching to encourage critical reflection, Nancy L. Hutchinson Self-study of teacher education practices through the use of the faculty portfolio, Joan P. Gipe. Part 4 Case studies of collaborative self-study - introduction, Vicki Kubler LaBoskey Cross- institutional action research - a collaborative self-study, Vicki Kubler LaBoskey et al For liberation.not less for love - self-study of teacher educators working with a group of teachers who teach pupils with special educational needs, Pam Lomax et al Tensions and intentions in group enquiry - a joint self-study, Carola Conte et al. Part 5 Processes and practices of self-study - introduction, John Loughran The seams of paradoxes in teaching, Glenda Wilkes Prospects for collaborative self- study on the Internet, John M. Johnston et al The self-study of teacher education practices and the reform of teacher education, Ardra L. Cole, J. Gary Knowles. Conclusion - The value and promise of self-study, Mary Lynn Hamilton, Stefinee Pinnegar. Afterword, Douglas Barnes.
Protection against butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid induced oxidative stress by Ocimum sanctum extract in mice liver.

Prime focus of the present investigation was to evaluate hepatoprotective potency of Ocimum sanctum (O. sanctum) aqueous extract against butyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid (butylparaben) toxicity in mice. Oral treatment of butylparaben (1320 mg/kg b.w./day) to mice for 30 days resulted in significant (p < 0.05) elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation, which could be due to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in non-enzymatic (glutathione and total ascorbic acid) antioxidant contents and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase) antioxidants activities. Co-treatment of O. sanctum extracts in three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w./day) resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in butylparaben-induced hepatic changes. Oral administration of O. sanctum with butylparaben resulted in dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to butylparaben alone treated group. Similarly, all three doses of O. sanctum reduced butylparaben-induced changes in non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The effect was significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent. All three doses of O. sanctum ameliorated butylparaben-induced changes, showing maximum protection at 300 mg/kg b.w. /day dose. Results of present study indicate that butylparaben-induced hepatotoxicity involves its ability to induce oxidative stress, whereas antihepatotoxic effect of O. sanctum was mainly due to its antioxidative potency.
Stakeholders' perspectives on naturalisation in the UK : implications for citizenship and national identity

Naturalisation, the process whereby a non-national becomes a citizen, is a space where the national boundaries are demarcated institutionally and symbolically. Despite this, social psychology has generally disregarded citizenship as a topic of research. Against this background, this thesis argues that citizenship is a dynamic concept embedded in a system of self-other relations. The thesis examines processes of national identity construction within the naturalisation context of the United Kingdom. In particular, this research explores representations of citizenship held by three key stakeholders: naturalised citizens, citizenship officers and the British government. Thirty-three interviews with new British citizens, twenty interviews with citizenship officers and four key policy documents on earned citizenship have been analysed. Building on the theory of social representations and on a dialogical understanding of human thinking and identity, the thesis draws links between identity and processes of knowledge construction. Identity is defined as a process of positioning towards social representations and others. In studying processes of identity construction and negotiation, emphasis is placed on the quality of self-other relations and on the antinomic and argumentative nature of thinking about the social world. This research shows that Britishness, within this context, is constructed on the basis of the opposing themes of progress and decline. Consequently, identity construction takes the form of a complex negotiation between opposing positions or voices. For new citizens, 'becoming British' is constructed as both enrichment for the self and as identity threat. Furthermore, for citizenship officers, migrants are seen as both a resource and a burden, which resonates with the official distinction between skilled (elite) and unskilled (non-elite) migrants. These findings illustrate the interplay between the symbolic and institutional aspects of positioning processes and highlight the need for further social psychological study of citizenship.
Respiratory function monitoring using a real-time three-dimensional fiber-optic shaping sensing scheme based upon fiber Bragg gratings

Abstract. An array of in-line curvature sensors on a garment is used to monitor the thoracic and abdominal movements of a human during respiration. The results are used to obtain volumetric changes of the human torso in agreement with a spirometer used simultaneously at the mouth. The array of 40 in-line fiber Bragg gratings is used to produce 20 curvature sensors at different locations, each sensor consisting of two fiber Bragg gratings. The 20 curvature sensors and adjoining fiber are encapsulated into a low-temperature-cured synthetic silicone. The sensors are wavelength interrogated by a commercially available system from Moog Insensys, and the wavelength changes are calibrated to recover curvature. A three-dimensional algorithm is used to generate shape changes during respiration that allow the measurement of absolute volume changes at various sections of the torso. It is shown that the sensing scheme yields a volumetric error of 6%. Comparing the volume data obtained from the spirometer with the volume estimated with the synchronous data from the shape-sensing array yielded a correlation value 0.86 with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient p<0.01.
LOS APORTES DE LA TECNOLOGÍA INFORMÁTICA AL APRENDIZAJE GRUPAL INTERACTIVO: LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS A TRAVÉS DE FORO DE DISCUSIÓN Y DE CHAT CONTRIBUTIONS OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO THE LEARNING INTERACTIVE: RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS THROUGH FORUM OF DISCUSSION AND CHAT

This communication summarize the previous researches carried out that lead to the implementation of the problems based learning (ABP) through the study of the mediated interactions that take place in the learning groups. This development founds its theoretical bases in teaching and learning theories and in the communication in education. Their implementation is obtained incorporating tools of the computer and communications technologies. We think that, through the educational task supported by the resources, competitions can be incorporated with the delineate new attitudes and procedures. These competitions should include such values as respect, tolerance and solidarity, due to the advantages that the work in groups offers to groups that cooperate and collaborate.
Gene variants of brain dopamine pathways and smoking-induced dopamine release in the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens.

CONTEXT Preclinical studies demonstrate that nicotine administration leads to dopamine release in the ventral striatum. However, human studies reveal considerable interindividual variability in the extent of smoking-induced dopamine release. OBJECTIVE To determine whether common gene variants of the brain dopamine pathway explain this observed phenotypic variability in humans. DESIGN Blood samples were drawn to determine gene variants of dopamine system components, and positron emission tomography scanning with the radiotracer raclopride labeled with radioactive carbon (11C) was performed to measure smoking-induced dopamine release. SETTING Academic brain imaging center. PARTICIPANTS Forty-five tobacco-dependent smokers. INTERVENTIONS Subjects either smoked a cigarette (n = 35) or did not smoke (n = 10) during positron emission tomography scanning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gene variants of dopamine system components (the dopamine transporter variable nucleotide tandem repeat, D2 receptor Taq A1/A2, D4 receptor variable nucleotide tandem repeat, and catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphisms) and change in [11C]raclopride binding potential in the ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens on positron emission tomography scans. RESULTS For subjects who smoked during scanning, those with at least one 9 allele of the dopamine transporter variable nucleotide tandem repeat, fewer than 7 repeats of the D4 variable nucleotide tandem repeat, and the Val/Val catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype had greater decreases in binding potential (an indirect measure of dopamine release) with smoking than those with the alternate genotypes. An overall decrease in ventral caudate/nucleus accumbens binding potential in those who smoked compared with those who did not smoke was also found but was smaller in magnitude than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Smokers with genes associated with low resting dopamine tone have greater smoking-induced (phasic) dopamine release than those with alternate genotypes. These findings suggest that dopamine system genotype variabilities explain a significant proportion of the interindividual variability in smoking-induced dopamine release and indicate that smoking-induced dopamine release has a genetic predisposition.
Learning Entity Representation for Entity Disambiguation

We propose a novel entity disambiguation model, based on Deep Neural Network (DNN). Instead of utilizing simple similarity measures and their disjoint combinations, our method directly optimizes document and entity representations for a given similarity measure. Stacked Denoising Auto-encoders are ﬁrst employed to learn an initial document representation in an unsupervised pre-training stage. A supervised ﬁne-tuning stage follows to optimize the representation towards the similarity measure. Experiment results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on two public datasets without any manually designed features, even beating complex collective approaches.
${A}$ – ${T}$  Volume Integral Formulations for Solving Electromagnetic Problems in the Frequency Domain

A volume integral formulation for solving electromagnetic problems in the frequency domain is proposed. First, it is based on a magnetic flux and current density face element interpolation for representing the electromagnetic problem through an equivalent circuit. Second, magnetic vector potentials A and electric vector potential T are considered, thanks to the use of finite element mesh connectivity matrices. The formulation is particularly well adapted to solving electromagnetic problems with large air domains, in the presence of thin electric regions and magnetic materials.
Evaluation and use of an index of oral health status.

OBJECTIVES The goals of this investigation were (1) to evaluate the Oral Health Status Index in relation to demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and preventive behaviors of an adult population; and (2) to understand how individual index components performed as indicators of oral health status compared to the composite index. METHODS The Oral Health Status Index (OHSI) was used on a probability sample of adults, aged 18-93 years, living in the Detroit tricounty area. Data were collected on 509 subjects via in-home dental examinations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the OHSI and its components, including decayed, missing, and replaced teeth, free ends, and moderate and severe periodontal disease measures. RESULTS The mean OHSI score for subjects was 77.3 (SE = 1.83) with a range of -8.0 to 100.0. In regression analyses, OHSI scores were positively correlated with subjects' education level, self-rated oral health scores, and frequency of dental checkups and negatively correlated with age, nonwhite race, and smoking. Of the index components, missing teeth performed well as an indicator of oral health status. Missing teeth were positively correlated with age, nonwhite race, and smoking and negatively correlated with education level, self-rated oral health, and use of Medicaid. About 53 percent of variance in OHSI scores was explained by the multivariate models, compared to 46 percent for missing teeth. CONCLUSIONS Choosing an indicator of oral health status likely will depend upon the characteristics of the population to be studied. As a composite measure of oral health status, the OHSI performed acceptably; however, missing teeth, an index component, also worked well. Continued evaluation of the OHSI is warranted.
Can Twitter Replace Newswire for Breaking News?

Twitter is often considered to be a useful source of real-time news, potentially replacing newswire for this purpose. But is this true? In this paper, we examine the extent to which news reporting in newswire and Twitter overlap and whether Twitter often reports news faster than traditional newswire providers. In particular, we analyse 77 days worth of tweet and newswire articles with respect to both manually identified major news events and larger volumes of automatically identified news events. Our results indicate that Twitter reports the same events as newswire providers, in addition to a long tail of minor events ignored by mainstream media. However, contrary to popular belief, neither stream leads the other when dealing with major news events, indicating that the value that Twitter can bring in a news setting comes predominantly from increased event coverage, not timeliness of reporting.
Oral cocaine seeking by rats: action or habit?

Having established that the presence of cocaine in a 10% (wt/vol) sucrose solution enhanced the reinforcing properties of the solution in a dose-dependent manner, the authors investigated the susceptibility of oral cocaine seeking to outcome devaluation. Rats were trained to perform different instrumental responses for a cocaine-sucrose and a lemon-sucrose solution. An aversion was then conditioned from either the cocaine-sucrose or the lemon-sucrose solution by pairing consumption with lithium chloride. When instrumental performance was subsequently tested in extinction, the rats performed the lemon-sucrose response less if this solution, rather than cocaine-sucrose, had been devalued by aversion conditioning. By contrast, performance of the cocaine-sucrose response was unaffected by whether the cocaine-sucrose or the lemon-sucrose solution had been devalued.