Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived Face Threat of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Romantic Relationships

The current investigation applied Face Management Theory to the study of honest but hurtful (HBH) evaluative messages within romantic relationships. Evaluations concerning the state of the relationship were found to be more face-threatening than those concerning one's personality, physical appearance, or behaviors. Also, the greater the perceived face threat, the greater the hurt and the greater the negative relational consequences reported. The results suggest face threat is associated with partners' responses to HBH evaluative messages and that both relational satisfaction and self-esteem serve to function as buffers against face threat. The findings indicate Face Management Theory as a promising theoretic framework for the study of hurtful messages.
Elaborative and Nonelaborative Processing of a Behavior-Related Communication

Three experiments examined the sequence of cognitive processes that mediate the impact of a persuasive message on behavioral decisions. When participants could concentrate on the message content, they first estimated the likelihood of each behavioral outcome described in the message and then evaluated its desirability. They later used these outcome-specific beliefs and evaluations to compute an overall attitude toward the behavior, which influenced their behavioral intentions and their actual behavioral decisions. When participants were distracted from thinking carefully about the message content, they were more likely to use the message-relevant affect they were experiencing as a basis for their attitudes toward the behavior; these attitudes influenced their estimates of the likelihood and desirability of the behavior’s outcomes. Giving participants more time to think about the implications of the message eliminated the effects of distraction on the impact of argument strength and decreased the influence of the affect they were experiencing.
Depression and School Engagement among Norwegian Upper Secondary Vocational School Students

There seems to be limited work addressing how depression is linked to elements of student functioning in the school setting other than academic achievement. This study investigated possible correlates of depressive symptoms with school engagement and disengagement. We examined four specific school variables (school motivation, intentions to quit, absence, and truancy) in a sample of 791 adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age in a Norwegian upper secondary vocational school. The results indicated that symptoms of depression could be a risk factor for school disengagement, and particularly for intentions to quit school. However, as only moderate associations were found, it appears that many depressed students manage to keep up their school engagement. This applied to both genders. However, the findings underline the importance of developing effective methods to identify and help depressed students who do have difficulty keeping up school engagement. Implications for practice are suggested.
A Comparative Study of Attitudes to the Aims of Practical Work in Science Education in Egypt, Korea and the UK.

This paper reports a comparative study of attitudes to the aims of practical work given by science teachers from Egypt, Korea and the UK. The ratings of aims given by specific groups of teachers can be used to characterize those groups. The characterizations can be interpreted from knowledge of the conditions in which teachers work. The choice of aims reflects pedagogic practice. The UK teachers have attitudes to aims for practical that reflect current concerns in the UK for investigations. The Korean teachers show a positivistic attitude to science and aims for practical which can be traced back to the emphasis on factual recall and illustrative practicals. The Egyptian teachers show concerns in their choice of aims for practical work which can be traced back to the lack of practical work in current Egyptian science education. All three groups express a common attitude to the aims of practical work that reflect an acknowledgement of the methods by which scientists make new knowledge. It is conjectured th.
Positive Aspects of Caregiving

The aim of this study was to assess a newly developed measure for the positive aspects of caregiving using a sample of dementia caregivers. The measure was developed and administered to 1,229 participants in a national collaborative Alzheimer’s disease caregiver study and evaluated for validity and reliability using standard psychometric analyses. Factor analysis identified two components in this nine-item measure: Self-Affirmation and Outlook on Life. Cronbach’s alphas for the components were . 86 and . 80, respectively. For the entire scale, Cronbach’s alpha was . 89. The Positive Aspects of Caregiving measure, tested with a large, diverse, and well-characterized sample shows promise as a valid and reliable instrument. With additional implementation and testing, the measure has the potential to substantially increase our understanding of basic caregiving research and the outcomes of intervention efforts.
Observation of a narrow resonance of mass 2.46 GeV/c2 decaying to D*s+π0 and confirmation of the D*sJ(2317) state

Using 13.5 inverse fb of e+e- annihilation data collected with the CLEO II detector we have observed a narrow resonance in the Ds*+pi0 final state, with a mass near 2.46 GeV. The search for such a state was motivated by the recent discovery by the BaBar Collaboration of a narrow state at 2.32 GeV, the DsJ*(2317)+ that decays to Ds+pi0. Reconstructing the Ds+pi0 and Ds*+pi0 final states in CLEO data, we observe peaks in both of the corresponding reconstructed mass difference distributions, dM(Dspi0)=M(Dspi0)-M(Ds) and dM(Ds*pi0)=M(Ds*pi0)-M(Ds*), both of them at values near 350 MeV. We interpret these peaks as signatures of two distinct states, the DsJ*(2317)+ plus a new state, designated as the DsJ(2463)+. Because of the similar dM values, each of these states represents a source of background for the other if photons are lost, ignored or added. A quantitative accounting of these reflections confirms that both states exist. We have measured the mean mass differences = 350.0 +/- 1.2 [stat] +/- 1.0 [syst] MeV for the DsJ*(2317) state, and = 351.2 +/- 1.7 [stat] +/- 1.0 [syst] MeV for the new DsJ(2463)+ state. We have also searched, but find no evidence, for decays of the two states via the channels Ds*+gamma, Ds+gamma, and Ds+pi+pi-. The observations of the two states at 2.32 and 2.46 GeV, in the Ds+pi0 and Ds*+pi0 decay channels respectively, are consistent with their interpretations as (c anti-strange) mesons with orbital angular momentum L=1, and spin-parities of 0+ and 1+.
Predicting patient ‘cost blooms’ in Denmark: a longitudinal population-based study

Objectives To compare the ability of standard versus enhanced models to predict future high-cost patients, especially those who move from a lower to the upper decile of per capita healthcare expenditures within 1 year—that is, ‘cost bloomers’. Design We developed alternative models to predict being in the upper decile of healthcare expenditures in year 2 of a sample, based on data from year 1. Our 6 alternative models ranged from a standard cost-prediction model with 4 variables (ie, traditional model features), to our largest enhanced model with 1053 non-traditional model features. To quantify any increases in predictive power that enhanced models achieved over standard tools, we compared the prospective predictive performance of each model. Participants and Setting We used the population of Western Denmark between 2004 and 2011 (2 146 801 individuals) to predict future high-cost patients and characterise high-cost patient subgroups. Using the most recent 2-year period (2010–2011) for model evaluation, our whole-population model used a cohort of 1 557 950 individuals with a full year of active residency in year 1 (2010). Our cost-bloom model excluded the 155 795 individuals who were already high cost at the population level in year 1, resulting in 1 402 155 individuals for prediction of cost bloomers in year 2 (2011). Primary outcome measures Using unseen data from a future year, we evaluated each model's prospective predictive performance by calculating the ratio of predicted high-cost patient expenditures to the actual high-cost patient expenditures in Year 2—that is, cost capture. Results Our best enhanced model achieved a 21% and 30% improvement in cost capture over a standard diagnosis-based model for predicting population-level high-cost patients and cost bloomers, respectively. Conclusions In combination with modern statistical learning methods for analysing large data sets, models enhanced with a large and diverse set of features led to better performance—especially for predicting future cost bloomers.
Learning Against the Grain: Reflections on the Challenges and Revelations of Studying Qualitative Research Methods in an Undergraduate Psychology Course

Undergraduate programs in psychology in Canada rarely, if ever, teach qualitative methods as an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum. When programs do offer qualitative methods courses, they are often single stand-alone courses without adequate institutional support. Given the scientific traditions of training within psychology, it is important to consider the epistemological and infrastructural challenges faced by undergraduate students in psychology when they are first introduced to qualitative methods. Three psychology students reflect, with their professor, on their experiences of learning qualitative methods in their senior years as undergraduates. The students reflect on the many challenges, both intellectual and practical, of learning against the grain within a discipline that is firmly rooted in positivism. The authors reflect on these challenges and insights gained from exercises, which position them as both the knower and known when conducting life history studies in which they participate as both interviewer and interviewee. The authors conclude with practical suggestions for incorporating qualitative research methods into the undergraduate curriculum and advocate for increased methodological pluralism within psychology programs.
Stanford University

The Africa collections at Stanford University are housed largely in the University Library, the library of the Food Research Institute, and the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace. Although the major portion of the material is found in the Hoover Institution, the other two libraries constitute important resources. Special collections are located in the Branner Library (Geology), the Cubberley Library (Education), the Lane Medical Library, and the Law Library. The curator of the Hoover Africa Collection assists all university libraries by recommending titles of old and new items so that the various collections develop in all fields. The University Library buys widely in the African field but accepts primary responsibility for all African material before 18 70 and in the areas of art, ethnography, geography, linguistics, literature, religion, sociology, statistics, and technical documents. The Government Documents Division receives general statistical annuals and bulletins from all African countries and statistical reports of foreign trade from most countries. An effort is made to acquire all census and development-planning material. Most departmental reports are also received. The Documents Division was long an official depository for British government documents and thus contains an outstanding collection of parliamentary debates, blue books, command papers, Foreign Office papers, and annual reports of the Colonial Office from the early nineteenth century. For France the debates of the Assemblée Nationale are held from 18 71 and the Journal Officiel from 1914; for Germany the Reichstag debates are complete from 1867. These together with the depository publications of the United Nations make a substantial collection of material relevant to Africa.
Exploring the Associations between Adult Attachment Security and Self-actualization and Self-transcendence

There are parallels between attachment needs (Bowlby, 1969/1982) and the love- and esteem-needs Maslow (1943) identified in his theory of self-actualization, which later included the other-oriented concept of self-transcendence (Koltko-Rivera, 2006). Our aim was to integrate these two theories of personality. A survey of undergraduates (N = 130) showed that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety predicted low levels of self-actualization and actualization of potential. Attachment avoidance predicted low self-transcendence. Low self-liking partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and low self-actualization, and low self-liking and self-competence partially mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and low self-actualization. Furthermore, self-competence mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and actualization of potential. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Repeated Whole-Genome Duplication, Karyotype Reshuffling, and Biased Retention of Stress-Responding Genes in Buckler Mustard

This work describes cytogenetic and transcriptome analyses of repeated WGD events and genome reshuffling supporting preferential retention of stress-responding duplicates showing a signature of strong purifying selection. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is usually followed by gene loss and karyotype repatterning. Despite evidence of new adaptive traits associated with WGD, the underpinnings and evolutionary significance of such genome fractionation remain elusive. Here, we use Buckler mustard (Biscutella laevigata) to infer processes that have driven the retention of duplicated genes after recurrent WGDs. In addition to the β- and α-WGD events shared by all Brassicaceae, cytogenetic and transcriptome analyses revealed two younger WGD events that occurred at times of environmental changes in the clade of Buckler mustard (Biscutelleae): a mesopolyploidy event from the late Miocene that was followed by considerable karyotype reshuffling and chromosome number reduction and a neopolyploidy event during the Pleistocene. Although a considerable number of the older duplicates presented signatures of retention under positive selection, the majority of retained duplicates arising from the younger mesopolyploidy WGD event matched predictions of the gene balance hypothesis and showed evidence of strong purifying selection as well as enrichment in gene categories responding to abiotic stressors. Retention of large stretches of chromosomes for both genomic copies supported the hypothesis that cycles of WGD and biased fractionation shaped the genome of this stress-tolerant polypolyloid, promoting the adaptive recruitment of stress-responding genes in the face of environmental challenges.
Tracing Imaginations of the State: The Spatial Consequences of Different State Concepts among Asylum Activist Organisations

This paper examines the spatial consequences for activism of viewing the state through either a statist or post-structural lens. It is argued that understanding the state in different ways produces very different spatial strategies among activists. Drawing upon detailed case studies of two asylum-seeking activist organisations in the UK, the connections between imaginations of the state, spatial strategies towards institutionalised authority, and the pros and cons of these strategies for activism itself are examined. Through these cases, the paper emphasises the importance of everyday theories about the state not only for understanding what the state is, but also for understanding how relationships with the state are formed and points towards the constructive power of imaginations of the state in their own right.
Who is the ideal teacher? Am I? Similarity and difference in perception of students of education regarding the qualities of a good teacher and of their own qualities as teachers

This research examines two images of teachers as seen by students of education: the ideal teacher and their own self‐image as teachers. The research compares the students’ perceptions of these two images using two sub‐groups of students of education: students at an academic teachers’ college who will be referred to as student teachers and beginning teachers, who, while teaching, are completing their academic degrees at teachers’ colleges or regional academic colleges. Data were collected from 89 students at the two colleges by means of a questionnaire that included open‐ended questions which were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of the research indicate that there are two major categories that comprise perceptions of the ideal teacher: first, personal qualities; and second, knowledge of the subject taught as well as didactic knowledge. Both groups of students similarly attributed great importance to the personal qualities of the ideal teacher, but there is a difference in their perception of the importance of knowledge: the beginning teachers attributed great importance to knowledge and perceived it as a quality similar in importance to personal characteristics, while the student teachers, who had not begun their teaching careers, attributed less importance to knowledge as a characteristic of the ideal teacher. A quality which was less prominent when profiling the ideal teacher is general education and wide perspectives. The teacher as a socializing agent, a person who promotes social goals, was not mentioned at all. Students maintained that, during their studies, they had improved their qualities as ‘empathetic and attentive’ teachers, ‘knowledgeable in teaching methods’, and in ‘leadership’. But they had hardly improved their knowledge of the subject they taught or their level of general knowledge. The discussion of knowledge and the desirable personal qualities of a teacher is relevant to the current debate regarding the relative merits of disciplinary education in contrast to pedagogical education in preparation for teaching as a profession. The clear preference for disciplinary education by policy makers in Israel and elsewhere in the field of teacher education is contradictory to the emphasis placed on the personal development of future teachers and their pedagogical education by the students of education who participated in this research.
Sources of stress and dissatisfaction in experienced high school teachers

AbstractHigh school teachers (A = 291) were surveyed to identify sources of stress and dissatisfaction that may induce teachers to leave teaching. Data on four sets of independent variables (perceived role, school climate, coping resources, and specific work problems) were entered into a canonical correlational analysis to predict a multidimensional construct of teacher stress encompassing job satisfaction, negative well-being, absences, and intention to leave teaching. Three significant canonical variates were extracted in the canonical correlation procedure, with the independent variables accounting for a total of 86% of the variance in the dependent sets. Certain commonly cited work problems, such as inadequate salary and low status, were found to be important in predicting job stress, but another often-cited problem, pupil misbehavior, was not found to be a factor. The results further suggested that the role teachers perceived for themselves and the school climate, particularly the relationship with a.
Quantum to Classical Randomness Extractors

The goal of randomness extraction is to distill (almost) perfect randomness from a weak source of randomness. When the source yields a classical string X, many extractor constructions are known. Yet, when considering a physical randomness source, X is itself ultimately the result of a measurement on an underlying quantum system. When characterizing the power of a source to supply randomness, it is hence natural to ask how much classical randomness we can extract from a quantum system. To tackle this question, we here take on the study of quantum-to-classical randomness extractors (QC-extractors). We provide constructions of QC-extractors based on measurements in a full set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), and certain single qubit measurements. The latter are particularly appealing since they are not only easy to implement, but also appear throughout quantum cryptography. We proceed to prove an upper bound on the maximum amount of randomness that we could hope to extract from any quantum state. Some of our QC-extractors almost match this bound. We show two applications of our results. First, we show that any QC-extractor gives rise to entropic uncertainty relations with respect to quantum side information. Such relations were previously only known for two measurements. In particular, we obtain strong relations in terms of the von Neumann (Shannon) entropy as well as the min-entropy for measurements in (almost) unitary two-designs, a full set of MUBs, and single qubit measurements in three MUBs each. Second, we resolve the central open question in the noisy-storage model by linking security to the quantum capacity of the adversary's storage device. More precisely, we show that any two party cryptographic primitives can be implemented securely as long as the adversary's storage device has sufficiently low quantum capacity. Our protocol does not need any quantum storage to implement, and is technologically feasible using present-day technology.
Assessing the dynamic reaction of the USSR to American and Chinese actions and to its nuclear gap with the USA

This paper compares two conceptual frameworks in an attempt to explain Soviet con‐flictual and cooperative behavior toward the USA between 1964 and 1973. Each conceptual framework was formed by integrating three different theoretical propositions. The first framework assumes that the relationship between the USSR and the USA is largely dyadic, while the second framework also accounts for the behavior of the PRC toward the USSR. The independent variables for the first framework are: 1) changes in differences of nuclear capabilities between the USA and the USSR; 2) conflict sent by the USA to the USSR and; 3) Soviet perceptions toward “Detente” and “Cold War. ” For the second framework we kept the first and third independent variables and included Chinese behavior toward the USSR. Our conclusions support the contention that the USSR was predominantly conflictual toward the USA until they narrowed the nuclear gap. However, it strongly questions the argument that the USSR was influenced in its behavior toward .
Testing for Structural Change in Cointegrated Relationships: Analysis of Price-Wages Models for Poland and Hungary

In previous studies concerning short and long run relationships for price-wage models, the cointegration analysis has been developed assuming the existence of a unique cointegration parametrisation. These empirical results reveal the presence of significant relationships, both in the short and in the long run, among prices, wages, labour productivity and exchange rate. In this paper we intend to develop the possibility of a more general type of cointegration, allowing for a change at an unknown time period in the sample. At this end we will consider mainly the long run relationship among these variables using the testing procedure suggested by Gregory and Hansen (1996a, 1996b). This permits us to consider a multivariate extension of the endogenous break univariate approach and in the meanwhile this enables to test for cointegration in the presence of possible structural breaking cointegrated relationships under the alternative. The empirical analysis of a multivariate model for price-wage relationship both for Poland and Hungary, over the period 1970–1996, is presented and discussed.