Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient On-Line Electronic Cash with Unlinkable Exact Payments

Though there are intensive researches on off-line electronic cash (e-cash), the current computer network infrastructure sufficiently accepts on-line e-cash. The on-line means that the payment protocol involves with the bank, and the off-line means no involvement. For customers' privacy, the e-cash system should satisfy unlinkability, i.e., any pair of payments is unlinkable w.r. t. the sameness of the payer. In addition, for the convenience, exact payments, i.e., the payments with arbitrary amounts, should be also able to performed. In an existing off-line system with unlinkable exact payments, the customers need massive computations. On the other hand, an existing on-line system does not satisfy the efficiency and the perfect unlinkability simultaneously. This paper proposes an on-line system, where the efficiency and the perfect unlinkability are achieved simultaneously.
Factors influencing dental professional career in India: An exploratory survey

Introduction: Motives for choosing a career are complex, and a choice of dentistry as a career is no exception. It is expected that the person should have some expectations in terms of their future, and the fulfillment of these expectations should give some amount of satisfaction. Aim: The aim was to explore factors influencing dental professional career: Attitudes, perceptions, and motivations. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in May and June 2013, among 445 interns working in the dental colleges of Bangalore using a self-administered validated questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Descriptive statistics, independent t -test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test were used ( P Results: The most popular reason for choosing dentistry as a career was to serve people (81.3%). Majority of them enjoyed helping people (92.8%); appeared to be satisfied with their doctor-patient relationship (92.4%); appreciated the independence in the profession (92.1%); aspired to enhance clinical skills (94.2%) and realized the importance of higher education (87%) in the future. Private practice (81.4%) was the most preferred future career plan. Attitudes and perceptions significantly correlated with future career plans ( P Conclusion: Service to mankind coupled with autonomy, self-efficacy and inclination to excel in one's own field appeared to influence dental careers in India.
Perceptual issues in augmented reality revisited

This paper provides a classification of perceptual issues in augmented reality, created with a visual processing and interpretation pipeline in mind. We organize issues into ones related to the environment, capturing, augmentation, display, and individual user differences. We also illuminate issues associated with more recent platforms such as handhelds or projector-camera systems. Throughout, we describe current approaches to addressing these problems, and suggest directions for future research.
Generation and analysis of a mouse line harboring GFP in the Eomes/Tbr2 locus

During mouse embryonic development, the T‐box transcription factor Eomes/Tbr2 is expressed in highly dynamic patterns in various progenitor cell types. Those include the undifferentiated cells of the trophectoderm, ingressing nascent mesoderm at the primitive streak, and intermediate progenitor cells of the developing cerebral cortex. We generated an EomesGFP‐ targeted allele to follow the highly dynamic patterns of Eomes expression and to allow for the identification of novel expression domains. We show that our novel allele recapitulates endogenous gene expression at known sites of expression and confirm our results by anti‐Eomes immunofluorescent staining. Using this novel allele we were able to identify previously undocumented domains of Eomes expression within the visceral endoderm and at various locations in the developing and adult mouse brain. genesis 47:775–781, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic response of a photoperturbed allosteric protein

By covalently linking an azobenzene photoswitch across the binding groove of a PDZ domain, a conformational transition, similar to the one occurring upon ligand binding to the unmodified domain, can be initiated on a picosecond timescale by a laser pulse. The protein structures have been characterized in the two photoswitch states through NMR spectroscopy and the transition between them through ultrafast IR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding groove opens on a 100-ns timescale in a highly nonexponential manner, and the molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the process is governed by the rearrangement of the water network on the protein surface. We propose this rearrangement of the water network to be another possible mechanism of allostery.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Emrich / CONTEXT EFFECTS IN LEADERSHIP PERCEPTION Context Effects in Leadership Perception

In this study, participants perceived the same job candidate to display more leader qualities when his potential group was a troubled one rather than a tranquil one. They described this person more favorably as a leader and falsely recognized him as having performed more leadership-consistent and fewer leadershipirrelevant behaviors in a test of recognition memory. Using Jacoby’s process-dissociation procedure, the author discovered that unconscious (rather than conscious) memory processes completely mediated this context effect—a mediation indicative of either postconscious or goal-dependent context effects in leadership perception. Previous studies have demonstrated that context affects perceptions of incumbent leaders. This study demonstrates that context also can affect perceptions of potential leaders, with a troubled context magnifying those qualities that are consistent with individuals’ implicit theories and romanticized conceptions of leadership.
Early Career Teachers' Efficacy in Working with Families

Partnering effectively with families is an important skill for teachers to have to support student achievement, and one that is especially important for early career teachers in order to protect them from burnout and attrition. However, research has demonstrated that teachers do not feel prepared to work with families, and further research is needed to see what difficulties are specific to early career teachers. The following research questions were addressed in the study: 1) What current situation and prior training factors affect early career teachers’ perceptions of efficacy in working with families? 2) Which family-school partnering topics do teachers report the most experience in their prior preparation programs and in their current daily practice? 3) Is there a relationship between number of years reported teaching and overall efficacy scores? 4) What family-school partnering training do early career teachers believe would have been or would be beneficial to receive in their teacher preparation programs versus during their first five years of practice? A survey was created which included a pre-existing self-efficacy scale adapted to reflect family partnering language. This survey was disseminated to 76 first through fifth year Colorado teachers. Results indicate that age of current school placement had a significant effect on overall self-efficacy scale scores, while several other variables had an effect on subscales of the efficacy scale. Recommendations are presented for future research, teacher preparation programs, and school district mentoring. iii Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee members Dr. Gloria Miller, Dr. Cynthia Hazel, and Dr. Antonio Olmos for their consistent support and invaluable ideas, and for helping me to become a confident and well-rounded student and professional. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Miller and Dr. Cathy Lines for introducing me to family-school partnering, and helping me to foster my passion for this very important educational area. I am indebted to my fellow CFSP classmates and past colleagues who have motivated me with their tireless dedication, commitment, and hard work, and who have supported me throughout this process. Extra thanks go to Dr. Dori Adragna for her optimism, support, and our dissertation workdays. No words can adequately express my appreciation to my family and friends throughout this journey. To my parents, brothers, and extended family for their absolute support and faith that I could accomplish this, and for never questioning my dreams and goals. To my boyfriend for providing a listening ear, advice, and support. And to my friends for always being my cheerleaders, reminding me to celebrate the small successes, and being present with a laugh or glass of wine when it was really needed. Finally, thank you to every child and family that I have worked with throughout my career you inspire me every day and always remind me of what is important and why I chose the path that I did.
The Effects of Age Stereotypes on Tour Leader Roles

This study explores whether various distance trips and age stereotypes affect tourists’ perceptions of tour leaders’ roles. This research also identifies the moderating effects regarding tour leader age stereotype, age in-group bias, and the respondents’ age on the perceived roles played by tour leaders. A total of 447 subjects participated in the study with a 2 (role-play scenarios: short-distance trip vs. long-distance trip) × 2 (appearances of the tour leader: middle-aged vs. young) between-subjects factorial design. The results showed that the respondents’ perceived roles of a middle-aged appearance tour leader were better than some young appearance counterparts’ components under short- and long-distance conditions. Furthermore, the tour leader age stereotype and age in-group bias could influence respondents’ perceptions of care and interactional and communicative dimensions. In addition, respondents’ age could affect the perceptions of some components of the tour leaders under short- and long-distance conditions.
Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil on selected markers of low-grade inflammation in rats.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate a potential of Schizochytrium microalga oil to alleviate possible negative effects of high-fat-high-energy diets. Forty adult male rats (Wistar Albino) were fed 7 weeks the diet containing beef tallow + evaporated sweetened milk (diet T) intended to cause mild obesity and low-grade systemic inflammation. Consequently, the animals were divided into four groups by 10 animals each and fed either the T-diet (control) or the diet containing 6% of safflower oil (S), 6% of fish oil (F) and 6% of Schizochytrium microalga oil (A), respectively, for another 7 weeks. The A-diet decreased (p < 0.05) live weight to 86% and glycaemia to 85% of control, respectively; an effect of the S- and F-diet on these markers was insignificant (p > 0.05). In comparison with control, higher (p < 0.05) deposition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of the A-rats correlated with increased (p < 0.05) plasma adiponectin concentration, but it was without the effect (p > 0.05) on cellular adiponectin content in the EAT. Higher (p < 0.05) EPA+DHA deposition in the liver of the A-rats correlated with higher expression (149% of control; p < 0.05) of the gene coding for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and with lower expression (82% and 66%; p < 0.05) of the genes coding for adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2; no relationship to the expression of receptor GPR120 was found. The A-diet did not affect amount of the nuclear fraction of the nuclear factor kappa B in the liver, but increased plasma level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). The presented data agree with results of other in vivo rodent and human studies, but not with literature data regarding in vitro experiments: it can be concluded that the effects of dietary oils on inflammatory markers need further investigation.
Aspects of Teaching and Learning Science: What students' diaries reveal about inquiry and traditional modes

We present an analysis of students' reflective writing (diaries) of two cohorts of Grade 8 students, one undergoing inquiry and the other traditional science teaching. Students' writing included a summary of what students had learned in class on that day and their opinions and feelings about the class. The entries were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. This analysis of students' first-person accounts of their learning experience and their notes taken during class was useful in two ways. First, it brought out a spectrum of differences in outcomes of these two teaching modes—conceptual, affective and epistemic. Second, this analysis brought out the significance and meaning of the learning experience for students in their own words, thus adding another dimension to researchers' characterisation of the two teaching methods.
Effectiveness of Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Regular Clinical Settings

Therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been tested in numerous controlled trials conducted in research settings. It is now established that this novel treatment format works for a range of clinical conditions. It is less well known if the promising results from efficacy studies can be transferred to routine clinical practice. In this paper we review the evidence from effectiveness studies and highlight challenges when implementing ICBT. Following literature searches we identified 4 controlled trials and 8 open studies, involving a total of 3,888 patients. There is now an increasing number of effectiveness studies on ICBT with studies on panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, tinnitus, and irritable bowel syndrome. All indicate that it is possible to transfer ICBT to clinical practice with sustained effects and moderate to large effect sizes. However, it is not clear which model to use for service delivery, and more work remains to be done on dissemination of ICBT. Moreover, the knowledge about outcome predictors from controlled efficacy trials is probably less relevant, and studies with large clinically representative samples are needed to investigate for which patients ICBT is suitable. In this work existing data could be combined and reanalyzed to study predictors of outcome.
The Diversity of Value Meanings among University Students

The aim of the current study was to tap implicit theories of a set of values selected from Schwartz's value model. The associations to seven value items (helpful, broad‐minded, social justice, unity with nature, authority, ambitious and successful) were examined by a sample of 130 university students from three different fields of study (social science, business and technology). The findings suggest that the value items in Schwartz's value survey have relatively consistent meanings. The results mainly support Schwartz's theory by showing that most of the associations given to the value items could be located on the same value domain to which the item belonged or on the adjacent values. The influence of respondents' own value priorities and professional orientation on the associations was also evident in the results. From the standpoint of Holland's taxonomy of work environments, especially social science students' conceptions of Schwartz's value items are explainable to a large extent by their social interest, but business students do not exclusively represent the enterprising type and preferences to enhance selfish interest.
Bounded Cohomology and Deformation Rigidity in Complex Hyperbolic Geometry

We develop further basic tools in the theory of continuous bounded cohomology of locally compact groups. We apply this tools to establish a Milnor-Wood type inequality in a very general context and to prove a global rigidity result which was originally announced by the authors with a sketch of a proof using bounded cohomology techniques and then proven by Koziarz and Maubon using harmonic map techniques. As a corollary one obtains that a lattice in SU(p,1) cannot be deformed nontrivially in SU(q,1), if either p is at least 2 or the lattice is cocompact. This generalizes to noncocompact lattices a theorem of Goldman and Millson.
Thriving or surviving? Evaluating active microbial guilds in Baltic Sea sediment

Microbial life in the deep subsurface biosphere is taxonomically and metabolically diverse, but it is vigorously debated whether the resident organisms are thriving (metabolizing, maintaining cellular integrity and expressing division genes) or just surviving. As part of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347: Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment, we extracted and sequenced RNA from organic carbon-rich, nutrient-replete and permanently anoxic sediment. In stark contrast to the oligotrophic subsurface biosphere, Baltic Sea Basin samples provided a unique opportunity to understand the balance between metabolism and other cellular processes. Targeted sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts showed Atribacteria (an uncultured phylum) and Chloroflexi to be among the dominant and the active members of the community. Metatranscriptomic analysis identified methane cycling, sulfur cycling and halogenated compound utilization as active in situ respiratory metabolisms. Genes for cellular maintenance, cellular division, motility and antimicrobial production were also transcribed. This indicates that microbial life in deep subsurface Baltic Sea Basin sediments was not only alive, but thriving.
A Comparison of Early Childhood Preservice Teachers' Beliefs about Music and Developmentally Appropriate Practice between South Korea and the US

THE PURPOSE OF THIS study is to examine the beliefs of early childhood preservice teachers in Korea (South) and the US about music, developmentally appropriate practices (DAP), and the relationship between the two. Participants of the study generally believed in the importance of music. In terms of the benefits of music, teachers believed more in the aesthetic and social-emotional benefits of music than quality-of-life benefits for young children. The results indicate that preservice teachers in Korea possess stronger beliefs about the importance of music than the teachers in the US. In particular, preservice teachers in Korea hold stronger beliefs about aesthetic benefits of music than their US counterparts. All the teachers in the study generally endorsed DAP, yet Korean preservice teachers had stronger beliefs in DAP. In this examination of the relationship between music and DAP, prospective teachers in Korea demonstrated more positive acceptance of the relationship. Some differences were found in the correlations of subcategories of music and DAP between the teachers in the US and Korea. This study may influence the design and implementation of teacher education programs in Korea and the US with regard to not only music curricula but other subjects as well. Discussions and implications for early childhood teacher educators are provided.
Genome Sequence of Methylobacterium sp. Strain GXF4, a Xylem-Associated Bacterium Isolated from Vitis vinifera L. Grapevine

ABSTRACT Methylobacterium sp. strain GXF4 is an isolate from grapevine. Here we present the sequence, assembly, and annotation of its genome, which may shed light on its role as a grapevine xylem inhabitant. To our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a plant xylem-associated strain of the genus Methylobacterium.
Novel Nine-Exon AR Transcripts (Exon 1/Exon 1b/Exons 2–8) in Normal and Cancerous Breast and Prostate Cells

Nearly 20 different transcripts of the human androgen receptor (AR) are reported with two currently listed as Refseq isoforms in the NCBI database. Isoform 1 encodes wild-type AR (type 1 AR) and isoform 2 encodes the variant AR45 (type 2 AR). Both variants contain eight exons: they share common exons 2–8 but differ in exon 1 with the canonical exon 1 in isoform 1 and the variant exon 1b in isoform 2. Splicing of exon 1 or exon 1b is reported to be mutually exclusive. In this study, we identified a novel exon 1b (1b/TAG) that contains an additional TAG trinucleotide upstream of exon 1b. Moreover, we identified AR transcripts in both normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells that contained either exon 1b or 1b/TAG spliced between the canonical exon 1 and exon 2, generating nine-exon AR transcripts that we have named isoforms 3a and 3b. The proteins encoded by these new AR variants could regulate androgen-responsive reporters in breast and prostate cancer cells under androgen-depleted conditions. Analysis of type 3 AR-GFP fusion proteins showed partial nuclear localization in PC3 cells under androgen-depleted conditions, supporting androgen-independent activation of the AR. Type 3 AR proteins inhibited androgen-induced growth of LNCaP cells. Microarray analysis identified a small set of type 3a AR target genes in LNCaP cells, including genes known to modulate growth and proliferation of prostate cancer (PCGEM1, PEG3, EPHA3, and EFNB2) or other types of human cancers (TOX3, ST8SIA4, and SLITRK3), and genes that are diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer (GRINA3, and BCHE).
Clofazimin in the treatment of scleroma

Abstract Scleroma is a chronic progressive granulomatous disease predominantly affecting the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, endemic in temperate and tropical zone countries including Egypt. Many patients in early stages respond to medical treatment while others do not. In these patients an antileprotic agent Clofazimin (Lamprene®) was tried in 76 patients and the therapeutic results are very promising, especially for the early stages of the disease.
Simple Black-Box Adversarial Perturbations for Deep Networks

Deep neural networks are powerful and popular learning models that achieve state-of-the-art pattern recognition performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. However, these networks have also been shown susceptible to carefully crafted adversarial perturbations which force misclassification of the inputs. Adversarial examples enable adversaries to subvert the expected system behavior leading to undesired consequences and could pose a security risk when these systems are deployed in the real world. In this work, we focus on deep convolutional neural networks and demonstrate that adversaries can easily craft adversarial examples even without any internal knowledge of the target network. Our attacks treat the network as an oracle (black-box) and only assume that the output of the network can be observed on the probed inputs. Our first attack is based on a simple idea of adding perturbation to a randomly selected single pixel or a small set of them. We then improve the effectiveness of this attack by carefully constructing a small set of pixels to perturb by using the idea of greedy local-search. Our proposed attacks also naturally extend to a stronger notion of misclassification. Our extensive experimental results illustrate that even these elementary attacks can reveal a deep neural network's vulnerabilities. The simplicity and effectiveness of our proposed schemes mean that they could serve as a litmus test while designing robust networks.