Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral vasomotor reactivity testing in head injury: the link between pressure and flow

Background: It has been suggested that a moving correlation index between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure, called PRx, can be used to monitor and quantify cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with head injury. Objectives: To validate this index and study its relation with cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral autoregulation; and to identify variables associated with impairment or preservation of cerebral vasomotor reactivity. Methods: The PRx was validated in a prospective study of 40 head injured patients. A PRx value of less than 0.3 indicates intact cerebral vasomotor reactivity, and a value of more than 0.3, impaired reactivity. Arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, mean cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow velocity, measured bilaterally with transcranial Doppler ultrasound, were recorded. Dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation was measured using a moving correlation coefficient between arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity, the Mx, for each cerebral hemisphere. All variables were compared in patients with intact and impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity. Results: No correlation between arterial blood pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity was seen in 19 patients with intact cerebral vasomotor reactivity. In contrast, the correlation between these variables was significant in 21 patients with impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity, whose cerebral autoregulation was reduced. There was no correlation with intracranial pressure, arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, or interhemispheric cerebral autoregulation differences, but the values for these indices were largely within normal limits. Conclusions: The PRx is valid for monitoring and quantifying cerebral vasomotor reactivity in patients with head injury. This intracranial pressure based index reflects changes in cerebral blood flow and cerebral autoregulatory capacity, suggesting a close link between blood flow and intracranial pressure in head injured patients. This explains why increases in arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure may be useful for reducing intracranial pressure in selected head injured patients (those with intact cerebral vasomotor reactivity).
The supernova associated with GRB 020405

We used the very simple and successful Can- nonball (CB) model of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows (AGs) to analyze the observations of the mildly extinct optical AG of the relatively nearby GRB 020405, rst made with ground-based telescopes, and with the HST at later times. We show that GRB 020405 was associated with a 1998bw-like supernova (SN) at the GRB's redshift which appeared dimmer and red relative to SN1998bw because of extinction in the host and our Galaxy. The case for the SN/GRB association |advocated in the CB model| is becoming indubitable.
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF WOMEN IN SMALL-SCALE MINING IN T’BOLI SOUTH COTABATO

This study is situational analysis of T’boli women in mining in Kematu and Desawo, T’boli, South Cotabato, Philippines. A total of 84 women respondents who were involved in mining were interviewed. They were 18-50 years old, married and with a household size of 5 to 10. Many reached elementary level of education. Their role in mining varied from being cooks, stone washers, “banlasera”, sack washers and “unaw”. The cooks bring food to the miners who were usually members of their households. The “banlasera” miners fit their sieves or filters in the water to catch the gold particles present in the flowing water. Those who worked as “unaw” brushed special stones impregnated with gold particles and catch these in a container of water. The sack washers washed the sacks infiltrated with gold dust soaking in the river water. The jobs of the women in mining made them earn additional income for their family; however, they claimed that it was not enough to meet the needs of their households. Related to mining, almost all the women reported that they experienced various ailments like skin rashes, headaches, stomach trouble, skin allergy, cough, colds/influenza, chest pain, diarrhea, stroke and eye irritation. They believed that these ailments were caused by bacteria in the contaminated water, polluted air and sudden change of temperature in the environment (hot to cold or vice versa). Working in the mining area poses health risk because the women were directly exposed to the contaminated water and polluted environment. Looking at their welfare, it is of significant value to make them aware of the proper precautions. Moreover, pregnant women must not be allowed to work in the mining area to avoid health risks to among them and their babies.
Depósitos primarios de oro y plata del archipiélago cubano

La presencia en el Archipielago cubano de depositos de oro y plata, las investigaciones desarrolladas en la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, los precios del oro y la plata asi como la informacion internacional sobre el tema estimularon la actualizacion de las investigaciones. Los resultados obtenidos, mediante los estudios realizados a los depositos primarios, destacan diferencias y similitudes en cuanto a los tipos mineralogicos, la composicion del oro y la relacion isotopica del plomo. El deposito Delita ubicado en el Terreno Pinos se diferencia del resto por su tipo mineralogico oroarsenopiritosulfoantimonitico. En el Arco Volcanico Cretacico son conocidos los depositos como Florencia, Golden Hill, Iron Hill, Loma Jacinto clasificados como auropiritateluridico. Es un rasgo caracteristico la presencia de minerales del grupo de los teluros y la ausencia de arsenopirita en las menas, siendo la pirita el mineral principal. En el Cinturon Ofiolitico Septentrional los depositos Descanso-Meloneras son representantes del tipo auroarsenopiritico en los cuales se evidencian los procesos de alteracion caracterizados por la cloritizacion y carbonatizacion, la presencia de impurezas de Hg, Cu, Ag en el oro y minerales de Ni y Co. En el Arco Volcanico Paleogeno, el rasgo caracteristico es su composicion mineralogica sencilla y pobre en sulfuros, siendo la pirita el mineral principal. La composicion del oro en los depositos primarios tiene como caracteristica comun el contenido de los elementos trazas HgAgCu. La menor relacion isotopica del plomo obtenida en el yacimiento Descanso, muestra un posible aporte de origen cortical. En los yacimientos Delita y Florencia se destaca la acumulacion del plomo uranogenico de origen cortical
Quality of life and bulimic eating disorder behaviors: findings from a community-based sample.

OBJECTIVE The aims were to test relationships between bulimic eating disorder behaviors, and measures of quality of life, and to replicate previous findings with respect to their prevalence and distribution in a representative sample. METHOD Data were obtained from 3010 interviews of a randomly selected sample of 4400 adult households. Quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 Health Status Measure and the Australian Quality of Life Survey. RESULTS Eating disorder behaviors were associated with significantly lower quality of life scores. On MANOVA, regular current binge eating explained 23% (p < 0.001) of the variance in SF-36 physical and mental health component scores, and extreme weight control behaviors explained 5% (p = 0.001). The main findings of the former South Australian survey were replicated. The mean duration of behaviors since onset was 6.6 (SD, 9.2; median 3) years. CONCLUSIONS Eating disorder behaviors were associated with poorer quality of life and were often chronic.
Transitional Dynamics in the Solow-Swan Growth Model with AK Technology and Logistic Population Change

This paper offers an alternative way, based on the logistic population growth hypothesis, to produce transitional dynamics in the standard AK framework with an exogenous savings rate. In the model the growth rate of the aggregate stock of capital is independent of the evolution of population and always constant, whereas the growth rate of population, though independent of the law of motion of capital, varies over time. Hence, non monotonicity in the per-capita capital level and growth rate can be observed.
Risk-indicative or sustainable consumption? Consumers’ risk perception on conventional and organic food products in Poland

The consumption of organic food is becoming increasingly popular and, to avoid numerous threats to human health and the natural environment, the issues devoted to it require greater attention from decision-makers, producers, and consumers. Consumer decisions have an impact on shaping food consumption patterns and recently the trend of the consumption of conventional versus organic food products has been widely discussed. This is especially true given the fact that the area of human health is strongly related to the consumption of food products produced under the challenges of environmental protection and sustainability. The study aimed to investigate if the perception of consumption among Polish respondents was risk-indicative or sustainable based on the animal, fruit, and vegetable products purchased from conventional or organic production. The results revealed that fruit and vegetable consumption was not identically related with socio-demographic features, but the income level equally affected consumer choices regarding the purchase of organic food products. Gender and marital status only influenced decisions regarding the purchase of organic fruit. The consumption of animal products regarding the frequency of their consumption did not reveal the features of sustainability. The metal accumulation index (MAI) for conventionally cultivated vegetables was not higher for all of the investigated vegetables, namely pumpkin, spring onion, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, and garlic. Our study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap on consumer choices about organic food products in Poland.
Effects of the central analgesic tramadol on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and dopamine in vitro

1 The centrally acting analgesic, tramadol, has low affinity for opioid receptors and therefore presumably other mechanisms of analgesic action. Neurotransmitter release and uptake experiments were used to characterize the effects of tramadol on the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. 2 Tramadol inhibited the uptake of [3H]‐noradrenaline into purified rat hypothalamic synaptosomes with an IC50 of 2.8 μm; the (−)‐enantiomer was about ten times more potent than the (+)‐enantiomer. Results with the principal metabolite O‐desmethyltramadol were very similar. Inhibition of dopamine uptake into purified rabbit caudate nucleus synaptosomes was very weak with 62% inhibition at 100 μm. 3 Rat occipital cortex slices were preincubated with [3H]‐noradrenaline and rabbit caudate nucleus slices with [3H]‐dopamine, then superfused and stimulated electrically. Tramadol, 1 and 10 μm, enhanced the stimulation‐evoked [3H]‐noradrenaline overflow by 25 and 69%, respectively; the (−)‐enantiomer was more potent than the racemate or the (+)‐enantiomer. Tramadol, 10 μm, had no effect on dopamine release. 4 The effects of tramadol on the stimulation‐evoked [3H]‐noradrenaline release were abolished when uptake sites were already blocked by a high concentration of cocaine. 5 The metabolite O‐desmethyltramadol showed a slight facilitation of the stimulation‐evoked noradrenaline release; the effect was more pronounced in the presence of a high concentration of naloxone. In the presence of cocaine, inhibition of the release was observed similar to the effect of morphine but less potent. 6 The results show that tramadol blocks noradrenaline uptake with selectivity as compared to dopamine uptake. The interaction with the noradrenaline transporter is stereoselective. The principal metabolite O‐desmethyltramadol shows in addition to noradrenaline uptake inhibition, opioid inhibition of noradrenaline release.
Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and Inflammation in Microglia by Physically Modified Saline*

Background: Microglial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Results: Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow-modified saline (RNS60) inhibits microglial inflammation via type 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-CREB-mediated up-regulation of IκBα and inhibition of NF-κB activation. Conclusion: These results delineate a novel biological function of a physically modified saline. Significance: RNS60 may be of therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disorders. Chronic inflammation involving activated microglia and astroglia is becoming a hallmark of many human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Although NF-κB is a multifunctional transcription factor, it is an important target for controlling inflammation as the transcription of many proinflammatory molecules depends on the activation of NF-κB. Here, we have undertaken a novel approach to attenuate NF-κB activation and associated inflammation in activated glial cells. RNS60 is a 0.9% saline solution containing charge-stabilized nanostructures that are generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. RNS60, but not normal saline, RNS10.3 (TCP-modified saline without excess oxygen), and PNS60 (saline containing excess oxygen without TCP modification) were found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible NO synthase in activated microglia. Similarly, RNS60 also inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase in activated astroglia. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by RNS60 suggests that RNS60 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NF-κB. Interestingly, RNS60 induced the activation of type IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and Akt and rapidly up-regulated IκBα, a specific endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase and Akt by either chemical inhibitors or dominant-negative mutants abrogated the RNS60-mediated up-regulation of IκBα. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNS60 induced the activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) via the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway and that RNS60 up-regulated IκBα via CREB. These results describe a novel anti-inflammatory property of RNS60 via type IA PI 3-kinase-Akt-CREB-mediated up-regulation of IκBα, which may be of therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disorders.
Snakes from Municipality of São José do Barreiro, State of São Paulo, Brazil

The municipality of Sao Jose do Barreiro, located in the Paraiba Valley, Sao Paulo, presents topographic complexity, wide altitude variation, and remarkable climatic diversity, contributing to a high diversity of species. Studies that provide basic data about herpetofauna are important for understanding the structure and composition of communities. The present study aimed to elaborate a snake inventory in the municipality of Sao Jose do Barreiro for characterizing the richness and abundance of the species Data collection was carried out by consultations with scientific collections and field collections through active search, occasional meetings, and pitfall traps. A total of 255 snakes belonging to 33 species distributed in four families were recorded: Colubridae (N = 5), Dipsadidae (N = 130), Elapidae (N = 5), and Viperidae (N = 112). The most abundant species was Crotalus durissus terrificus (n = 58), followed by Bothrops jararaca (N = 25), and Atractus zebrinus (N = 24). Viperidae was the family with the highest number of records and the second richest family. The abundance of viperids may be justified by the fact that Butantan Institute suppliers collect more venomous animals because of their risk. Most of the individuals registered for the Municipality of Sao Jose do Barreiro come from scientific collections, totalling 207 specimens, and the remaining 48 were collected in the field. When compared to other Atlantic Forest regions where herpetofauna inventories were carried out, Sao Jose do Barreiro has a high species richness, emphasizing the importance of the natural remnants conservation in the region.
Modeling the budget impact of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of schizophrenia in Japan

Background The cost of schizophrenia in Japan is high and new long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics might be able to reduce costs by causing a reduction of hospital stays. We aim to estimate budget effects of the introduction of a new 1-month LAI, paliperidone palmitate, in Japan. Methods A budget impact analysis was conducted from a payer perspective. The model took direct costs of illness into account (ie, costs for inpatient and outpatient services, as well as drug costs). The robustness of the model was checked using a sensitivity analysis. Results According to our calculations, direct total costs of schizophrenia reach 710,500 million yen a year (US$6 billion). These costs decrease to 691,000 million yen (US$5.9 billion) 3 years after the introduction of paliperidone palmitate. Conclusion From a payer point of view, the introduction of a new treatment for schizophrenia in Japan helps to save resources and is not associated with a higher financial burden.
Inhibitory effect of allicin and garlic extracts on growth of cultured hyphae

Objective(s): Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is one of the most common dermatophytes worldwide. This fungus invaded skin appendages of humans and animals. Recently, resistance to antifungal drugs as well as appearance of side effects due to indication of these kinds of antibiotics has been reported. Besides, using some plant extracts have been indicated in herbal medicine as an alternative treatment of these fungal infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) and pure allicin on the growth of hypha in T. rubrum using Electron miscroscopy. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to observe the morphological changes of T. rubrum treated with allicin as well as aqueous garlic extract using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: SEM surveys, showed that hypha treated with allicin has rough and granular like surface, abnormal and irregularly-shape. However, hypha treated with garlic extract had rough and fluffy surface and also irregularly-shape. TEM studies also found that hypha treated with allicin displays disintegration of cytoplasm, breaking down in cell membrane and the cell wall, and collapsing of hypha, meanwhile hypha treated with garlic extract exhibiting degradation and dissolution of cytoplasm components, demolition of cell wall and cell membrane, and hypha appeared to break. Conclusion: The present study revealed that pure allicin (6.25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml) is more efficient in inhibition of the growth in hyphal cells compare to the garlic extract (2 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml) and they could be used as alternatives in treatment of dermatophytosis.
Miyalachnus—A New Lachninae Aphid Genus from Japan (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae)

Simple Summary This publication describes a new Lachninae aphid genus and species (Insecta, Hemiptera: Aphididae)—Miyalachnus—from Japan. This genus is characterized by unique and outstanding morphological features on the legs and antennae and can be easily recognized within the remaining Lachninae genera. We provided a detailed scanning electron microscopy study on the general morphology and sensilla of the viviparous and sexual generations. We presented the biology of the genus with descriptions of all available morphs. Abstract The tribe Tuberolachnini within the Lachninae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is particularly intriguing due to its morphological traits and various ecological associations. Among the genera within this group, Pyrolachnus stands out as relatively understudied. Currently, only one species, Pyrolachnus imbricatus nipponicus Sorin, 2011, is known from Japan, distinguished by its distinctive characteristics. Through meticulous morphological analyses, we introduce a novel Lachninae genus, Miyalachnus gen. nov., associated with Cerasus and Prunus spp. (Rosaceae) in Japan. This new genus accommodates P. imbricatus nipponicus, now recognized as Miyalachnus nipponicus (Sorin, 2011) comb. nov. Additionally, we present a second species within this genus, Miyalachnus sorini sp. nov., along with comprehensive SEM morphological examination and insights into its biology. Our study describes in detail the morphological characteristics of both viviparous and bisexual generations of Miyalachnus, as well as their relationships with related genera.
Topic Models: Accounting Component Structure of Bigrams

The paper describes the results of an empirical study of integrating bigram collocations and similarities between them and unigrams into topic models. First of all, we propose a novel algorithm PLSASIM that is a modification of the original algorithm PLSA. It incorporates bigrams and maintains relationships between unigrams and bigrams based on their component structure. Then we analyze a variety of word association measures in order to integrate top-ranked bigrams into topic models. All experiments were conducted on four text collections of dierent domains and languages. The experiments distinguish a subgroup of tested measures that produce top-ranked bigrams, which demonstrate significant improvement of topic models quality for all collections, when integrated into PLSA-SIM algorithm.
Specifying the Parameters of Centering Theory: a Corpus-Based Evaluation using Text from Application-Oriented Domains

The definitions of the basic concepts, rules, and constraints of centering theory involve underspecified notions such as 'previous utterance', 'realization', and 'ranking'. We attempted to find the best way of defining each such notion among those that can be annotated reliably, and using a corpus of texts in two domains of practical interest. Our main result is that trying to reduce the number of utterances without a backward-looking center (CB) results in an increased number of cases in which some discourse entity, but not the CB, gets pronominalized, and viceversa.
Reduced reward-related probability learning in schizophrenia patients

Although it is known that individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate marked impairment in reinforcement learning, the details of this impairment are not known. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that reward-related probability learning is altered in schizophrenia patients. Twenty-five clinically stable schizophrenia patients and 25 age- and gender-matched controls participated in the study. A simple gambling paradigm was used in which five different cues were associated with different reward probabilities (50%, 67%, and 100%). Participants were asked to make their best guess about the reward probability of each cue. Compared with controls, patients had significant impairment in learning contingencies on the basis of reward-related feedback. The correlation analyses revealed that the impairment of patients partially correlated with the severity of negative symptoms as measured on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale but that it was not related to antipsychotic dose. In conclusion, the present study showed that the schizophrenia patients had impaired reward-based learning and that this was independent from their medication status.