Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontology Learning from Text: A Survey of Methods

After the vision of the Semantic Web was broadcasted at the turn of the millennium, ontology became a synonym for the solution to many problems concerning the fact that computers do not understand human language: if there were an ontology and every document were marked up with it and we had agents that would understand the markup, then computers would finally be able to process our queries in a really sophisticated way. Some years later, the success of Google shows us that the vision has not come true, being hampered by the incredible amount of extra work required for the intellectual encoding of semantic mark-up – as compared to simply uploading an HTML page. To alleviate this acquisition bottleneck, the field of ontology learning has since emerged as an important sub-field of ontology engineering. It is widely accepted that ontologies can facilitate text understanding and automatic processing of textual resources. Moving from words to concepts not only mitigates data sparseness issues, but also promises appealing solutions to polysemy and homonymy by finding non-ambiguous concepts that may map to various realizations in – possibly ambiguous – words. Numerous applications using lexical-semantic databases like WordNet (Miller, 1990) and its non-English counterparts, e.g. EuroWordNet (Vossen, 1997) or CoreNet (Choi and Bae, 2004) demonstrate the utility of semantic resources for natural language processing. Learning semantic resources from text instead of manually creating them might be dangerous in terms of correctness, but has undeniable advantages: Creating resources for text processing from the texts to be processed will fit the semantic component neatly and directly to them, which will never be possible with general-purpose resources. Further, the cost per entry is greatly reduced, giving rise to much larger resources than an advocate of a manual approach could ever afford. On the other hand, none of the methods used today are good enough for creating semantic resources of any kind in a completely unsupervised fashion, albeit automatic methods can facilitate manual construction to a large extent. The term ontology is understood in a variety of ways and has been used in philosophy for many centuries. In contrast, the notion of ontology in the field of computer science is younger – but almost used as inconsistently, when it comes to the details of the definition. The intention of this essay is to give an overview of different methods that learn ontologies or ontology-like structures from unstructured text. Ontology learning from other sources, issues in description languages, ontology editors, ontology merging and ontology evolving transcend the scope of this article. Surveys on ontology learning from text and other sources can be found in Ding and Foo (2002) and Gomez-Perez
GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Long-term estimates of expected return on equities are typically derived from U.S. data only. There are reasons to suspect that these estimates are subject to survivorship, as the United States is arguably the most successful capitalist system in the world. We collect a database of capital appreciation indexes for 39 markets going back to the 1920s. For 1921 to 1996, U.S. equities had the highest real return of all countries, at 4.3 percent, versus a median of 0.8 percent for other countries. The high equity premium obtained for U.S. equities appears to be the exception rather than the rule. Copyright The American Finance Association 1999.
Emotions, Self-Regulated Learning, and Achievement in Mathematics: A Growth Curve Analysis

The purpose of the current study was twofold: (a) to investigate the developmental trends of 4 academic emotions (anxiety, boredom, enjoyment, and pride) and (b) to examine whether changes in emotions are linked to the changes in students' self-regulatory strategies (shallow, deep, and meta-cognitive) and achievement in mathematics. Four hundred and ninety-five Grade 7 students completed measures assessing their emotions and self-regulatory strategies in mathematics 3 times across 3 terms in a school year. Students' achievement for each term was collected from school records. Growth curve analyses showed that students' enjoyment and pride in mathematics declined, whereas boredom increased over time. Anxiety remained relatively stable across the study period. The growth curve analyses also showed that changes in positive emotions were systematically associated with changes in self-regulated learning and achievement. Overall, the results suggest that in addition to the "will" and the "skill," students need the "thrill" to succeed in school.
Durability of Changes in Self‐efficacy of Preservice Primary Teachers

Many preservice primary teachers initially have a low self‐efficacy, or belief in their ability to teach science, but well‐designed science education courses can produce significant positive changes in efficacy beliefs. However, the extent to which the belief changes are durable, or maintained over time, is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the durability of changes in preservice primary teachers’ self‐efficacy beliefs. Their science teaching self‐efficacy was measured at the beginning and end of a science methods course, and then after a delay period of 9 months. Interviews were carried out 1 year after the end of the course. The results indicated that positive changes in self‐efficacy occurred as a result of the course, and these high levels were still present after the delay period. Having an opportunity to teach science in primary school was a significant factor in consolidating efficacy levels after the methods course.
Family biosocial variables influencing the use of insecticide treated nets for children in Eastern Nigeria

Background: Effective reduction of malaria morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children under the age of five depends to a large extent on family biosocial factors. Although, the awareness of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) is reportedly high and increasing in Nigeria there remain large gaps between awareness, possession and use by families with children under the age of five in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the family biosocial variables that influence the use of insecticide treated nets for children in Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive hospital-based study was carried out from June 2008-June 2011 on a cross-section of 415 mothers with children under the age of five, who were treated for confirmed malaria, and met the selection criteria were interviewed using a pretested, structured researcher-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire tool elicited information on family socio-demographic variables, inter-spousal discussion, communication, concurrence and participation in the use of insecticide treated bed nets; and reasons for non-utilization. The period of usage in the previous 6 months was assessed and graded using a scoring system of 0-4. Scores of 1-4 indicated usage while score of 0 meant non use. Results: The rate of ITNs use was 53.0%. The family variables that significantly influenced utilization were secondary education and above of parents (mother: P = 0.009; father: P = 0.001), monogamy (P value = 0.024), family size of 1-4 (P value = 0.016) and parents living together (P = 0.001); others included parents’ occupation (mother: P = 0.003; father: P = 0.04) and inter-spousal discussion (P value = 0.001), communication (P value = 0.001), concurrence (P = 0.000) and participation (P = 0.000). The commonest reason for non- use was inconvenience during sleep (P = 0.04). Conclusion: This study shows that the rate of ITN use was marginally good. Specifically, this rate was significantly influenced by some family variables. The families of children under the age of five should, therefore, be the focus of intensive health promotion campaign to influence the use of ITNs to produce ITN family friendly communities.
Rising Self-Employment in the Midst of High Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis of Recent Developments in Canada

This paper highlights recent developments in self-employment in Canada and explores its relationship to unemployment/full-time paid-employment. There are now two and a half million Canadians working at their own businesses, amounting to 16.2% of the total labour force or accounting for 17.8% of total employment. In the first eight years of the 1990s, self-employment on average expanded by 4.1% per year, contributing to over three out of four new jobs the economy has created. Entry and exit data demonstrate that there are substantial flows into and out of this sector of the economy. Gross flows into and out of self-employment as the main labour market activity averaged nearly half a million per year between 1982 and 1994, amounting to 42% of the total self-employed population. The fixed-effects modelling results show a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). This conclusion holds true across different data sources, for different time periods, for different measures and definitions, for different empirical samples, and across various estimating techniques. There is also a statistically significant but empirically small negative (positive) relationship between exits out of self-employment and unemployment (full-time paid- employment). It appears that a host of non-cyclical factors are behind the recent surge in self-employment.
On the utility of Moffitt’s typology trajectories in long-term perspective

We used a prospective longitudinal study to examine the utility of Moffitt’s (1993) trajectories of antisocial behaviour. Data on registered criminality in three time periods — before age 15 (childhood), from 15 to 20 (adolescence) and from 21 to 35 (adulthood) — were used to construct life-course trajectories of offending for males. Life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited groups were found. The life-course-persistent males had the most problematic upbringing conditions, school problems and adjustment difficulties in adolescence, and the highest social and mental health problems in middle age. Adolescence-limited offenders did not differ much from non-offenders. In these respects, Moffitt’s typology was confirmed. However, there was an equally large childhood-onset desister group. They had many of the same problems as the life-course-persistent males up to age 15, but did not differ much from the non-registered males in mid-adolescence or at the middle-age follow-up. These males are not predicted from Moffitt’s model, but cannot be ignored. There was also a group of males who started to offend in adolescence and continued in adulthood, who had about the same problematic upbringing conditions, mid-adolescent maladjustment, and middle-age social and mental health problems as the life-course-persistent group.
Investigating the Relationship between Playing Violent Video Games and Viewing Violent TV Programmes and Aggressive Behaviour Among Pre-Teens

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the playing of violent video games and the viewing of violent TV programmes and aggressive behaviour among pre-teens. According to McGahee, Kemp and Tingen (2000), pre-teens referred to preadolescent children who are usually between 9 and 12 years of age. A total of 450 pre-teens aged 11 were randomly selected from nine schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia, to participate in this study. This study employed a correlation research design and the data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to address the research objectives. The data were analysed to identify the top 10 favourite video games played by pre-teens in this study. Eight out of 10 video games played by pre-teens were found to be violent in nature. In addition, the top 10 favourite violent TV programmes viewed by pre-teens in this study were also identified. Findings from this study showed that there was a significant difference in the mean score of playing violent video games [t(257)=6.979, p<0.01] and viewing violent TV programmes [t(440)=3.544, p<0.01) between boys and girls who participated in the study. Moreover, the results from this study revealed there was a significant and positive relationship between playing violent video games (r=0.167, p<0.01), viewing violent TV programmes (r=0.126, p=0.000) and aggressive behaviour demonstrated by pre-teens. Multiple regression analysis showed that 39.4% of the variances in pre-teen physical aggression could be explained by both the playing of violent video games and the viewing of violent TV programmes, with the playing of violent video games as a stronger predictor of physical aggressive behaviour in pre-teens (β=0.238, p=0.025).
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in some selected fishes in Lagos, Nigeria.

1 Abstract: Levels of zinc, lead and copper in the flesh of catfish: Clarias gariepinus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Tilapia: Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia guinensis, were determined using Bulk Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus were collected from a Fish farm in Ayobo, Lagos Nigeria, which was considered as reference site. Tilapia guinensis and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were collected from the Lagos Lagoon. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) concentration and Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were also determined. Heavy metals were accumulated in the flesh of the fish to varying extent. The trend of accumulation of the metals is as follows: Catfish-Cu>Pb>Zn: Tilapia-Cu>Pb>Zn. The concentration of heavy metal in the flesh of the fish from the Lagos Lagoon is higher than that from the reference site for all the metals analyzed. SOD concentration in the liver of the Tilapia guinensis increased by 12.3% when compared to Oreochromis niloticus, the SOD concentration in the gills of Oreochromis niloticus increased by 26.22% when compared to Tilapia guinensis. GSH levels increased in the liver and gills of Tilapia guinensis and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus by 17.82% and 30.14% respectively and in the gills, GSH increased by 8.6% and 12.64% in Tilapia guinensis and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, respectively. MDA levels were increased in the liver of Tilapia guinensis by 15.22% and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus by 12.6%. In the gills, MDA increased by 13.1% in Tilapia guinensis and 6.98% in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus. The result demonstrates that alteration in the antioxidant enzymes and induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of heavy metals which may cause oxidative stress in Tilapia guinensis and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from the Lagos Lagoon. The study therefore provides a rational use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.
Rare Decay Modes of the K-Mesons in Gauge Theories

Rare decay modes of the kaons such as K→μμ¯, K→πνν¯, K→γγ, K→πγγ, and K→πee¯ are of theoretical interest since here we are observing higher-order weak and electromagnetic interactions. Recent advances in unified gauge theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions allow in principle unambiguous and finite predictions for these processes. The above processes, which are "induced" |ΔS|=1 transitions, are a good testing ground for the cancellation mechanism first invented by Glashow, Iliopoulos, and Maiani (GIM) in order to banish |ΔS|=1 neutral currents. The experimental suppression of KL→μμ¯ and nonsuppression of KL→γγ must find a natural explanation in the GIM mechanism which makes use of extra quark(s). The procedure we follow is the following: We deduce the effective interaction Lagrangian for λ+N→l+l¯ and λ+N¯→γ+γ in the free-quark model; then the appropriate matrix elements of these operators between hadronic states are evaluated with the aid of the principles of conserved vector current and partially conserved axial-vector current. We focus our attention on the Weinberg-Salam model. In this model, K→μμ¯ is suppressed due to a fortuitous cancellation. To explain the small KL−KS mass difference and nonsuppression of KL→γγ, it is found necessary to assume mPmP′<<1, where mP is the mass of the proton quark and mP′, the mass of the charmed quark, and mP′<5 GeV. We present a phenomenological argument which indicates that the average mass of charmed pseudoscalar states lies below 10 GeV. The effective interactions so constructed are then used to estimate the rates of other processes. Some of the results are the following: KS→γγ is suppressed; KS→πγγ proceeds at a normal rate, but KL→πγγ is suppressed; KL→πνν¯ is very much forbidden, and K+→π+νν¯ occurs with the branching ratio of ∼10−10; K+→π+ee¯ has the branching ratio of ∼10−6, which is comparable to the presently available experimental upper bound. The predictions of other models are briefly discussed. Relevant renormalization procedures and computational details are discussed in appendixes.
Close observation of gastric mucosal pattern by standard endoscopy can predict Helicobacter pylori infection status

Common endoscopic findings in stomachs with Helicobacter pylori infections include antral nodularity, thickened gastric folds, and visible submucosal vessels. These findings are suggestive but not diagnostic of H. pylori infection. Magnifying endoscopy can reveal more precisely the abnormal mucosal patterns in an H. pylori‐infected stomach; however, it requires more training, expertise, and time. We aimed to establish a new classification for predicting H. pylori‐infected stomachs by non‐magnifying standard endoscopy alone.
A study of students' theorectical thinking in a technology-assisted environment

This thesis analyzes students' theoretical thinking in a technology-assisted environment. The impact of such environment on students' thinking was studied on the sample of written solutions in a final examination in a Linear Algebra with Maple course. For analyzing students' solution a model of theoretical thinking proposed by Sierpinska in the context of her research on students' difficulties in linear algebra was used as a tool. The motivation for undertaking this study was grounded in my belief that the use of technology in the teaching and learning of mathematics may turn students away from theoretical thinking towards a more action-oriented practical way of thinking. My study neither confirmed nor refuted this belief, but allowed me to refine my understanding of the nature of the influence technology may have on students' learning. It appears that whether the student's use of technology is effective or not depends also on the features of his/ her thinking (which may have been developed in previous study of mathematics). Students in my sample who approached the problems with a theoretical mind also knew how to make use of the computer in an effective way. On the other hand, students who demonstrated poor theoretical behavior could not control the software so as to arrive at a correct and complete solution. For these students, the computer acted as an obstacle (called an "instrument-generated" obstacle here) that hindered the accomplishment of the task. This study acknowledges the existence of certain phenomena that may arise in the process of working with the computer. Some of the findings reinforce or illustrate in the specific context of linear algebra various phenomena that mathematics educators had previously discovered in other mathematical subjects taught with other technology
An efficient algorithm for bandpass sampling of multiple RF signals

This letter proposes, based on a bandpass sampling theory, a novel method to find available sampling ranges with a low computational complexity and high accuracy for multiple bandpass radio frequency signals. Guard-bands between downconverted signal spectrums are also taken into consideration in determining a minimum sampling frequency. We verify its validity through simulations in terms of the sampling ranges, the minimum sampling frequency, and computational efficiency.
Sport, World Economy, Global Culture, and New Social Movements

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on sport and globalization. In the first section of the paper major elements of the current debate are presented. The second section discusses the current literature on globalization and its related processes. Four elements are discussed in this section: the global economy, communications, new social movements, and the question of identity/culture. The third section comments on sport and key issues of the debate on globalization in light of the discussion in the previous section. An emphasis is put on the interrelationships between sport and new social movements.
Plasma microRNA 210 levels correlate with sensitivity to trastuzumab and tumor presence in breast cancer patients

Trastuzumab is part of the standard treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2)‐positive breast cancer, but not all patients respond to trastuzumab. Altered microRNA (miR) expression levels in cancer cells have been correlated with prognosis and response to chemotherapy. The authors of this report hypothesized that altered miR expression levels in plasma are associated with sensitivity to trastuzumab in patients with HER‐2 positive breast cancer.
The use of nanoparticles in wound treatment: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of nanoparticle-based dressings on the wound healing process in in vitro animals and human cells based on scientific evidence. METHOD A systematic review of the literature in LILACS, PubMed and Science Direct databases. The articles were selected and evaluated for the level of evidence by the application of STROBE. RESULTS The sample consisted of 12 articles. The application of the products occurred in surgical wounds, burns, infected wounds and gingival ulcers in laboratory animals, as well as in vitro tests, demonstrating that among other advantages, the nanoparticle-based dressings increased the healing speed, had good antibacterial capacity and were non cytotoxic agents. CONCLUSION Based on the analyzed articles, it can be affirmed that dressings containing nanocomposites are quite promising and are shown as a great therapeutic option in wound healing.
Customer Dissatisfaction Responses to Restaurant Service Failures: Insights Into Noncomplainers From a Relational Perspective

This research investigates the reasons for noncomplaining and compares the return intentions of complainers and noncomplainers after a service failure in the restaurant context. Particularly, this research focuses on differentiating the two types of dissatisfaction responses from noncomplainers: loyalty and neglect. A survey of 171 respondents (81 complainers and 90 noncomplainers) is analyzed. Regarding the reasons for noncomplaining, four dimensions are identified and two dimensions (compassionate trust and lack of responsiveness) provide evidence for distinguishing loyalty from neglect. The loyalty customers show higher compassionate trust for and higher perception of responsiveness from the company than neglect customers. Customers’ return intentions are examined via two types of complainers (recovery satisfied and recovery dissatisfied) and two types of noncomplainers (loyalty and neglect). The findings suggest that loyalty customers have higher return intentions than neglect customers and their return intentions are as high as those of complainers who received satisfactory service recoveries.