Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new view of women's sexual problems: Why new? Why now?

The Federal Drug Administration's (FDA) March, 1998 approval of sildenafil citrate, an oral drug to treat "erectile dysfunction" (the first approval went to Pfizer, Inc., which is using the brand name Viagra), capped a 15year process of promoting a medical classification system, market, and scientific literature for men's sexual problems, a process I have chronicled for some time as "the medicalization of male sexuality" (Tiefer, 1986, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000a). The process explicitly selected particular elements of men's sexual and reproductive potential as medically normal (just-right erection, just-right ejaculation and orgasm, just-right desire frequency and object), and promoted them as natural, universal, and sufficient for proper sexual conduct and experience. That this has happened during a period of rapid change in gender roles means that the medicalization of male sexuality also functions as part of the contemporary reshaping of masculinity (Seidler, 1997).
Children's Preferences and Responses as Related to Styles and Themes of Illustration

Malter concluded that children's preferences do not place restrictions on the form or the subject matter that can be used in illustrations, for other factors also determine children's choices. Among the factors he named are children's needs, the demands of society, and the opinion of experts. In a more recent study Rudisill found that color was only one variable in children's preferences, for under some conditions realism superceded color as a factor in determining preference (2). In general, studies of illustrations have been concerned with learning what styles and themes children prefer. The underlying assumption has been that there is an advantage to presenting illustrations in the form preferred by children.
Beyond Speaking Truth? Institutional Responses to Uncertainty in Scientific Governance

Elitist, technical, and positivist models of scientific governance have been subject to much scrutiny and criticism by science and technology studies (STS) for many years. Seminal work in STS has exposed the boundary work through which the distinctions between science and nonscience, science and politics, and experts and lay people are constructed and maintained (to mention only a few: Gieryn 1999; Latour 1993; Nowotny, Scott, and Gibbons 2001). A more specific tradition in STS has focused on the relations between science, technology, public policy, government and civil society, and has articulated demands for the acknowledgment of uncertainty and a self-critical stance toward scientific truth claims (Wynne 1993; Collins and Evans 2007), for a broader participation of citizens or lay people
The influence of nutrition information on choice: The roles of temptation, conflict and self-control

This study investigated the impact of nutrition information on consumers' choice of a cake and examined the roles of key psychological decision factors. Based on a generalized linear model, results of an experiment on 299 female consumers in the United Kingdom showed that the presence of nutrition information in the form of Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) had a direct impact on food choice. GDA information had a moderating effect on the relationship between two psychological factors (conflict and self-control, but not temptation) and consumer choice. Temptation, conflict and self-control had direct effects on choice.
Effects of a family literacy program adapting parental intervention to first graders’ evolution of reading and writing abilities

This article reports on the effects of a family literacy program for first graders that had three main characteristics: (1) book reading with parents that adapts parental intervention to the child’s gradually increasing skills in reading during the school year, (2) support for writing activities, and (3) enjoyable home activities complementing the in-class teaching. The 108 participants were assigned to two treatment conditions: Workshop and Control. Pre- and post-test group comparisons indicate that the workshop program has a positive effect on the children’s performance in both reading and writing. Children produced longer texts and used better vocabulary, sentence structure and spelling. This study provides new data supporting the utility of family literacy programs by demonstrating their positive effect on writing. This confirms the importance of connecting reading and writing activities in family literacy at the beginning of learning and that parents should be invited by the teacher to intervene in these two areas rather than only in reading.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF CUMINUM CYMINUML AND SIBUTRAMINE ON WEIGHT, SERUM LEPTIN, GLUCOSE AND LIPIDS IN RAT

Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world. It affects 6.6% of world population and about 3 million individuals in Iran. Nowadays chemical and herbal medicines are widely prescribed to cure obesity. In Iran, cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) is a plant used in traditional medicine to cure obesity, and some of the new studies have suggested that cumin has a role in diabetes treatment and also in reducing the lipids level. In this study, we investigated the cumin oil and sibutramine effect on the prevention of weight gain and the level of serum leptin, glucose, and lipids in normal Wistar rats. Materials and methods: We divided 36 male rats of Wistar race into 3 equal groups: the control group with normal regimen, the cumin oil group with normal regimen, the sibutramine group with normal regimen. The consumed dosages of cumin oil and sibutramine were 400 µg/kg and 3mg/kg respectively which was given to the rats by gavage (tube feeding). In this study, we took samples of the hungry rats during three various periods including the first day of the study, 20th day (the beginning of the medicine usage) and 55th day (the end of the medicine usage) in order to measure their glucose and serum lipids. Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (P<0.001) and a significant increase in serum HDL (P=0.05). Both drugs prevented weight gain at the end of study (P=0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that cumin oil like sibutramine via consumption by gavage can affect the serum
Immunohistochemical characterization of adenosine receptors in rat aorta and tail arteries

Adenosine plays an important role in the cardiovascular system, activating adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors, and regulating blood flow either by acting directly on vascular cells or indirectly because of its effects on the central or peripheral nervous systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the pattern of distribution of adenosine receptor subtypes is different on elastic and muscular, using abdominal aorta and tail arteries as models. Immunohistochemistry using anti‐A1, anti‐A2A, anti‐A2B, and anti‐A3 receptor antibodies was performed on perfused‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded arteries from Wistar rats. 3,3′‐Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; activated by hydrogen peroxide) staining revealed significant differences in the abundance of A1, A2A, and A3 receptors between abdominal aorta and tail artery and allowed the identification of distinct distribution patterns for A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors in the tunica adventitia, media, and intima of muscular and elastic arteries. Data are compatible with several previous functional reports supporting that different adenosine receptor subtype expression and/or their distribution in the vessel wall may influence their respective contribution to the control of blood flow. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maximal violation of Bell inequalities for mixed states.

We show that mixed states can produce maximal violations in the Bell inequality due to Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH). This follows from the degeneracy of the operator which is naturally associated with the Bell inequality (here called the Bell operator). We have calculated the form of all the eigenvalues for the generic CHSH Bell operator. Finally, we consider several examples which demonstrate the utility of studying the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Bell operator
The effective analyst: a study of what makes an effective crime and intelligence analyst

The current study aimed to identify the skills and abilities required by an analyst to be recognised as effective. Thirty subject matter experts (SMEs) were engaged using the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) to explore the specific skills and abilities of crime and intelligence analysts that result in them being deemed effective. Semi-structured interviews and the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) were conducted to strengthen these findings. Three clusters of variables were identified that indicate an effective analyst; they would have skills and abilities that could contribute to the development and dissemination of an analytical product, they would have an attitude that included being productive, seeking out work, having a high-level commitment and pride and having a ‘can do’ attitude. Some physical and personal attributes, like gender and age, were included that characterise effectiveness. The findings are discussed in relation to earlier descriptions of the skills needed to be an analyst. The findings illustrate a change from the analyst being seen as a technical specialist to a growing understanding of the analyst as part of a support structure for decision-makers. Implications of the findings for recruitment, training and development are discussed.
Parenteral nutrition decreases paneth cell function and intestinal bactericidal activity while increasing susceptibility to bacterial enteroinvasion.

INTRODUCTION Parenteral nutrition (PN) increases the risk of infection in patients with contraindication to enteral feeding. Paneth cells produce and secrete antimicrobial products that protect the mucosa from pathogens. Their loss is associated with increased host-pathogen interactions, mucosal inflammation, and altered microbiome composition. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that PN reduces Paneth cell product expression, and these changes would reduce bactericidal properties of tissue secretions following cholinergic stimulation, increase mucosal enteroinvasion, and shift the intestinal microbiome. METHOD Experiment 1: Male ICR mice were randomized to Chow (n = 8) or PN (n = 8). Ileum tissue was collected for Paneth cell antimicrobial expression using RT-PCR, stimulated with a cholinergic agonist degranulate Paneth cells bactericidal activity, or used to assess bacterial enteroinvasion in EVISC. Experiment 2: Mice were randomized to Chow (n = 11) or PN (n = 8) and ileum washing was collected for 16s pyrosequencing analysis. RESULTS Compared to Chow, PN decreased tissue expression of REGIII-g (p < 0.002), lysozyme (p < 0.002), and cryptdin-4 (p < 0.03). At the phylum level, PN decreased total Firmicutes but increased total Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Functionally, secretions from PN tissue was less bactericidal (p < 0.03) and demonstrated increased susceptibility to enteroinvasion by E coli (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION PN without enteral nutrition impairs innate mucosal immune function. Tissue expression of Paneth cell antimicrobial proteins decreases associated with compositional shifts to the microbiome, decreased bactericidal activity of mucosal secretions and greater susceptibility of to enteroinvasion by E coli. These changes may explain in-part the increased risk of infection in parenterally fed patients.
Comparative Performance of Intelligent Algorithms for System Identification and Control

This paper presents an investigation into the comparative performance of intelligent system identification and control algorithms within the framework of an active vibration control (AVC) system. Evolutionary Genetic algorithms (GAs) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) algorithms are used to develop mechanisms of an AVC system, where the controller is designed based on optimal vibration suppression using the plant model. A simulation platform of a flexible beam system in transverse vibration using finite difference (FD) method is considered to demonstrate the capabilities of the AVC system using GAs and ANFIS. MATLAB GA tool box for GAs and Fuzzy Logic tool box for ANFIS function are used to design the AVC system. The system is men implemented, tested and its performance assessed for GAs and ANFIS based algorithms. Finally, a comparative performance of the algorithms in implementing system identification and corresponding AVC system using GAs and ANFIS is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.
Initiating self-assessment strategies in novice physiotherapy students: a method case study

Student self- and peer-assessment strategies ideally are instigated early in programmes for health professionals. This study presents an innovative method of stimulating critical evaluation of clinical skills learned in the practical class setting for first year physiotherapy students. Twice in the semester (beginning and end) students assessed mock clinical demonstrations using examples of two widely discrepant approaches to evaluation of clinical skills: (1) a detailed analytical rubric of listed criteria and (2) a broad holistic, competency-based proforma. Anonymously, 67 students rated the usefulness of the activity to learning. They provided estimates of individual self-efficacy to make fair and reliable judgements in grading the demonstrations using the rubric and proforma and contemporaneous levels of personal stress with the perceived stress scale_10. Students reported that the activities aided their learning of course work on both occasions. By the end of semester the change in students’ self-efficacy to grade the demonstrations with the proforma was significantly greater than that for the rubric. The changes flag a deep understanding of the analytic and holistic methods used by class examiners and future clinical educators. Practical experience with assessing clinical performances enhanced student familiarity with the practical assessment and was associated with a reduction in pre-examination personal stress levels.
Switching control of sympathetic activity from forebrain to hindbrain in chronic dehydration

Non‐technical summary Dehydration, a life‐threatening condition, occurs when the body does not replace adequate water lost through urination, sweating or when ill with diarrhoea. This presents the body with a major challenge of maintaining blood pressure – essential for consciousness that is dependent on the degree of body hydration, which dictates blood volume. We know that a major control mechanism involves a brain region called the hypothalamus that automatically maintains blood pressure. Our study has described the gene networks in key brain regions involved in the response to dehydration. We reveal a new structure in the brain that regulates blood pressure in dehydration and a unique genetic mechanism that exists within it. Moreover, our study unearths a remarkable form of flexibility within the brain during dehydration that involves switching control of blood pressure between two spatially distinct structures. We have provided new mechanistic insight to explain how the brain maintains body stability in face of the significant challenge of low water content.
Radiographic Diagnosis of Occult Distal Fibular Avulsion Fracture in Children With Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain

Background: Skeletally immature children with ankle sprain are presumed to have distal fibula fracture than ligamentous injury. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of associated occult avulsion fracture in children with lateral ankle sprain and the efficacy of identifying fractures using anterior talofibular ligament view. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with distal fibular fracture in the initial ankle anteroposterior, lateral, and mortise were excluded and 78 patients (below 16 y of age) who had been initially diagnosed as ankle sprain were included. The initial and 4 weeks’ follow-up ankle series and additional anterior talofibular ligament view suggested by Haraguchi were evaluated. Results: Twenty patients were diagnosed with occult distal fibular avulsion fracture. Ten patients were diagnosed in anterior talofibular ligament view and others were diagnosed in the follow-up radiography. Displacement was highest on the anterior talofibular ligament view. Conclusions: This study found 20 (26%) of 78 ankle sprain show occult avulsion fracture in the anterior talofibular ligament view or follow-up radiography. The anterior talofibular ligament view is an appropriate radiologic view for the diagnosis of distal fibular avulsion fracture. Level of Evidence: Level IV—diagnostic study.
Classical, Generalizability, and Multifaceted Rasch Detection of Interrater Variability in Large, Sparse Data Sets

Abstract Classical test theory (CTT), generalizability theory (GT), and multi-faceted Rasch model (MFRM) approaches to detecting and correcting for rater variability were compared. Each of 4,930 students' responses on an English examination was graded on 9 scales by 3 raters drawn from a pool of 70. CTT and MFRM indicated substantial variation among raters; the MFRM analysis identified far more raters as different than the CTT analysis did. In contrast, the GT rater variance component and the Rasch histograms suggested little rater variation. CTT and MFRM correction procedures both produced different scores for more than 50% of the examinees, but 75% of the examinees received identical results after each correction. The demonstrated value of a correction for systems of well-trained multiple graders has implications for all systems in which subjective scoring is used.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: Clinicopathological survey of 51 patients

Abstract A clinicopathological study of 51 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck region seen over a period of 20 years is presented. The correlation between various histological features and their impact on the results is attempted. Longterm results with respect to loco-regional recurrences, distant metastases and survival with various modalities of therapy are presented. Although this is a small series, radical surgery in keeping with the aim of avoiding undue mutilation, thus preserving the quality of life, followed by a full course of radiotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment and the results here presented justify this approach.
Optical and transient photoconductive properties of pentacene and functionalized pentacene thin films: Dependence on film morphology

We present a comprehensive study of the optical and transient photoconductive properties of pentacene and functionalized pentacene thin films grown by evaporation or from solution onto a variety of substrates. The transient photoconductivity was studied over picosecond time scales using time-resolved terahertz pulse spectroscopy. The structure and morphology of the films were assessed using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Regular pentacene films grown by evaporation under similar conditions but on different substrates yielded polycrystalline films with similar morphology and similar optical and transient photoconductive properties. Single exponential or biexponential decay dynamics was observed in all of the regular pentacene films studied. Functionalized pentacene films grown by evaporation at two different substrate temperatures (as well as from solution) yielded significant variations in morphology, resulting in different optical-absorption spectra and tran.
An evaluation of ankle–brachial blood pressure index in adult Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia

Aim There are few studies to be found in the literature on ankle–brachial index in sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to compare ankle–brachial index of steady-state adult sickle cell anaemia patients with that of normal controls. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study of 62 sickle cell anaemia patients and 62 age- and gender-matched normal controls was carried out in the adult outpatient sickle cell clinics and the cardiac centre of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria from February to August 2007. The supine brachial and ankle blood pressures were measured separately with the cuff of the mercury sphygmomanometer applied to the right arm and right calf, respectively. Results The ankle systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with sickle cell anaemia than in the controls (p < 0.001). The mean indices for ankle–brachial index were 0.88 ± 0.09 and 1.03 ± 0.06, respectively for patients and controls. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Seventy three per cent of the patients had ankle–brachial index less than 0.9 compared with controls (5%). This was also significant (p < 0.001).
Expression and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Modulating Potential of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) MYB10 and bHLH Genes

Anthocyanins are essential contributors to fruit coloration, an important quality feature and a breed determining trait of a sweet cherry fruit. It is well established that the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is regulated by an interplay of specific transcription factors belonging to MYB and bHLH families accompanied by a WD40 protein. In this study, we isolated and analyzed PaWD40, PabHLH3, PabHLH33, and several closely related MYB10 gene variants from different cultivars of sweet cherry, analyzed their expression in fruits with different anthocyanin levels at several developmental stages, and determined their capabilities to modulate anthocyanin synthesis in leaves of two Nicotiana species. Our results indicate that transcription level of variant PaMYB10.1-1 correlates with fruit coloration, but anthocyanin synthesis in Nicotiana was induced by another variant, PaMYB10.1-3, which is moderately expressed in fruits. The analysis of two fruit-expressed bHLH genes revealed that PabHLH3 enhances MYB-induced anthocyanin synthesis, whereas PabHLH33 has strong inhibitory properties.
Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and primary glaucoma in Saudis

Purpose The frequencies of apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles and genotypes were examined in 230 Saudi subjects including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; n=60) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG; n=40) patients as well as 130 control subjects. Methods The presence of glaucoma in patients was based on clinical examination and/or ophthalmic records. The APOE allele frequency (ε2, ε3, and ε4) was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by reverse-hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Results Analysis of data showed a complete absence of ε2 allele and a significantly lower frequency of the ε3 allele in primary glaucoma patients (90.5%) compared to the control subjects (95.7%, p=0.034, relative risk [RR]=0.473, protective fraction [PF]=0.318). The frequency of the ε4 allele was significantly higher in the glaucoma patients (9.5%) compared to the control subjects (4.2%, p=0.034, RR=2.169, etiological fraction [EF]=0.329). The ε3/ε3 genotype was more common in controls than patients (p=0.060, RR=0.465, PF=0.322). The difference in genotype (ε3/ε4) was not statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.283). Genotype ε4/ε4 was found only in 3% of patients while being completely absent in the controls (p=0.080). The genotypes, ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3, and ε2/ε4, were absent in both the test and control groups. When patients were divided on the basis of types of glaucoma, POAG patients had a significantly higher frequency of ε4 allele and ε4/ε4 genotype than controls whereas there was no significant difference between PACG patient and control groups in frequencies of APOE alleles and genotypes. Conclusions This study indicates that the ε4 allele may be associated with POAG and could be a risk factor while ε3 may be protective for POAG, and APOE polymorphisms may not be associated at all with PACG in Saudis.