Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Object based video synopsis

Tens of thousands of surveillance cameras all over every corner of the world send large amounts of data 24 hours a day, but most of these videos are redundant data lacking of activity. It is time consuming to browse all of those raw data. This paper has researched object based video synopsis technology with the surveillance video of a neighborhood and an indoor surveillance video as research target, presenting all necessary activities in a short time by displaying objects concurrently, even if they originally occurred at different time. The result shows that we can create a synopsis with maximum activity while avoiding conflicts between objects as much as possible.
Outcomes and factors associated with survival of patients with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral treatment in Liangshan Prefecture, southwest of China

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive cases have been reported among people who injected drugs in Liangshan Prefecture in southwest of China since 1995 and Liangshan has become one of the most seriously affected epidemic areas in China. In 2004, several patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) at the Central Hospital of Liangshan Prefecture. From 2005 to 2013, the number of patients receiving ART dramatically increased.We conducted a retrospective cohort study to analyze the long-term survival time and associated factors among patients with HIV/AIDS who received ART in Liangshan Prefecture for the first time. Data were collected from the Chinese AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy DATAFax Information System. A life table and the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportion hazard regression were used to calculate the survival time and its associated factors, respectively.Among 8310 ART-naïve patients with HIV/AIDS who initiated ART, 436 patients died of AIDS-related diseases, and their median time of receiving ART was 15.0 ± 12.3 months, whereas 28.7% of them died within the first 6 months after treatment. The cumulative survival rates of those receiving ART in 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 97.1%, 93.4%, 90.6%, 88.8%, and 86.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that male patients on ART were at a higher risk of death from AIDS-related diseases (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.1) than female patients. Patients infected with HIV through injection drug use (IDU) were at a higher risk of death (AHR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2) than those infected through heterosexual transmission. Patients with a baseline CD4 cell count <50/mm3 (AHR = 9.8, 95% CI: 6.0–15.9), 50–199/mm3 (AHR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.3–4.6), and 200–349/mm3 (AHR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3) were at a higher risk of death than those with a CD4 cell count ≥350/mm3.ART prolonged survival time of patients with HIV/AIDS and improved their survival probability. Patients with HIV/AIDS should be consistently followed up and the CD4 T-cell count regularly monitored, and timely and early antiretroviral therapy initiated in order to achieve a better survival rate.
Homepage not enough when evaluating web site accessibility

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine if the homepage of a web site is representative of the whole site with respect to accessibility.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an intraclass correlation (ICC) between homepage web accessibility barrier (WAB) scores and the WAB scores of web site levels 1 through 3 for 33 popular web sites.Findings – The paper finds that the homepage is not sufficient to detect the accessibility of the web site. ICC of the homepage and average of levels 1‐3 is 0.250 (p=0.062) and ICC of levels 1, 2, and 3 is 0.784 (p<0.0001). Evaluating the homepage and first‐level pages gives more accurate results of entire site accessibility.Originality/value – This is first study correlating homepage accessibility with web site accessibility.
3DXRD at the Advanced Photon Source: Orientation Mapping and Deformation Studies

Abstract : The high-energy diffraction microscopy program at the 1-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source is based on the 3DXRD diffraction technique. Essential developments include a near field forward modeling algorithm, far field high-resolution reciprocal space mapping continuous tensile deformation capability, and combination with post mortem electron microscopy. The beamline instrumentation is outlined and the status of the near and far field techniques is illustrated by selected case studies. The potential of the near field mapping technique to investigate orientation gradients in deformed metals is discussed and recent experimental results are presented on Ni and Al. The plastic deformation of a Ti-7Al alloy is investigated by a combination of far field diffraction and electron microscopy. Two material states of distinct dislocation microstructures are studied during continuous tensile deformation up to about 2% applied strain. Stress tensors of individual grains are evaluated and discussed in view to yield surface topology. The dislocation structures are investigated by high-resolution reciprocal space mapping and electron microscopy.
Bayesian tracking of two possibly unresolved maneuvering targets

The paper studies the problem of maintaining tracks of two targets that may maneuver in and out formation flight, whereas the sensor and measurement extraction chain produces false and possibly unresolved or missing measurements. If the possibility of unresolved measurements is not modelled then it is quite likely that either the two tracks coalesce or that one of the two tracks diverges on false measurements. In literature a robust measurement resolution model has been incorporated within an interacting multiple model/multiple hypothesis tracking (IMM/MHT) track maintenance setting. A straightforward incorporation of the same model within an IMM and probabilistic data association (PDA)-like hypothesis merging approach suffers from track coalescence. In order to improve this situation, the paper develops a track-coalescence avoiding hypotheses merging version for the two target problem considered. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the novel filters are compared with applying hypotheses merging approaches that ignore the possibility of unresolved measurements or track-coalescence.
Predicting invasion in the excision specimen from breast core needle biopsy specimens with only ductal carcinoma in situ.

OBJECTIVE Some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ on breast core needle biopsy will have invasion at excision. The aim of this study was to determine if patients at increased risk for invasion could be identified. METHODS The results of all breast core needle biopsies with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ during a 50-month period were reviewed. A variety of histologic features were identified and correlated with the presence of invasion at excision. RESULTS Of 3026 cases, 152 (5%) were diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ; excisional biopsies were available for 91 (60%) of these 152 cases, and 17 (19%) showed invasive tumor. Neither the radiographic findings, presence of comedonecrosis, comedo histology, lobular extension, size of the largest focus, nor aggregate size was significantly associated with an increased incidence of invasion (all P >.05). However, comedo histology with a cribriform/papillary architecture was significantly associated with an increased risk of invasion (5/7 [72%] cases with invasion, P =.002), as were tumors greater than 4 mm with lobular extension (6/15 [40%], P =.03). CONCLUSION Patients with comedo ductal carcinoma in situ with a cribriform/papillary pattern or tumor involving more than 4 mm with lobular extension in breast core needle specimens are at increased risk for invasion at excision.
Sensorless Torsion Control of Elastic-Joint Robots With Hysteresis and Friction

Sensorless torsion control is proposed for elastic-joint robots, with the geared drives subject to hysteresis and friction nonlinearities. The concept of the so-called “virtual torsion sensor” uses the motor torque and velocity, inherently available in most industrial robots, for estimating the reactive joint torque and predicting, based thereupon, the nonlinear joint torsion. The dynamics of the elastic-joint robot is described and augmented by a rate-independent torsion-torque hysteresis and nonlinear friction assumed on the side of motor drives. The classical two-degrees-of-freedom robot control, which includes the centralized torque feedforward control and proportional-derivative feedback control, is extended by the virtual torsion sensor in the loop. In particular, we show that the computed joint torsion can be injected in the feedback loop upon the motor position, thus making the control operating in a “virtual” joint output (link) space. The proposed control is experimentally evaluated on a single-joint setup consisting of an actuator with harmonic-drive gear and inertial load under additional impact of gravity.
Ranking Categorical Features Using Generalization Properties

Feature ranking is a fundamental machine learning task with various applications, including feature selection and decision tree learning. We describe and analyze a new feature ranking method that supports categorical features with a large number of possible values. We show that existing ranking criteria rank a feature according to the training error of a predictor based on the feature. This approach can fail when ranking categorical features with many values. We propose the Ginger ranking criterion, that estimates the generalization error of the predictor associated with the Gini index. We show that for almost all training sets, the Ginger criterion produces an accurate estimation of the true generalization error, regardless of the number of values in a categorical feature. We also address the question of finding the optimal predictor that is based on a single categorical feature. It is shown that the predictor associated with the misclassification error criterion has the minimal expected generalization error. We bound the bias of this predictor with respect to the generalization error of the Bayes optimal predictor, and analyze its concentration properties. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach for feature selection and for learning decision trees in a series of experiments with synthetic and natural data sets.
Genetics of Fear and Anxiety Disorders

From protozoa to mammals, organisms have been selectively bred for genetic differences in defensive behaviour which are accompanied by differences in brain and other biological functions. Studies of twins indicate some genetic control of normal human fear from infancy onwards, of anxiety as a symptom and as a syndrome, and of phobic and obsessive- compulsive phenomena. Anxiety disorders are more common among the relatives of affected probands than of controls, especially among female and first-degree relatives; alcoholism and secondary depression may also be over-represented. Familial influences have been found for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive problems. Panic disorder in depressed probands increases the risk to their relatives of phobia as well as of panic disorder, major depression, and alcoholism. The strongest family history of all anxiety disorders is seen in blood-injury phobia; even though it can be successfully treated by exposure, its roots may lie in a genetically determined specific autonomic susceptibility. Some genetic effects can be modified by environmental means.
Constructing Ionospheric Irregularity Threat Model for Korean SBAS

Single-frequency based Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), the augmentation of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), broadcast estimates of vertical ionospheric delays and confidence bounds on the delay errors at Ionospheric Grid Points (IGPs). Using an ionospheric irregularity undersampled threat model, the integrity bounds, called Grid Ionospheric Vertical Errors (GIVEs), must be augmented to bound ionospheric irregularity threats which may exist between or beyond Ionospheric Pierce Points (IPPs) under ionospheric storm conditions. Since the ionospheric disturbed conditions can vary significantly from one region to another region, threat models need to be built for regions where SBAS will be operational. This paper presents a new method for constructing an undersampled threat model for SBAS in the Korean region, examines the influence of threat model to system availability, and demonstrates the performance of a newly developed threat model. The existing method tabulates undersampled threats in the threat model as a function of two metrics which measure the density and uniformity of IPP distribution in a region. Thus, the threat model metrics, which characterize threatening undersampled geometries including the density of IPP distribution accurately, play a critical role in improving system performance. The first threat metric, fit radius, is defined by an IPP search method used for a planar fit algorithm. This paper first determines a range of the fit radius optimized for the Korean region by considering the ionospheric observability and quality of the planar fit. Next this paper proposes a new second metric, the Relative Bin Number (RBN) metric, alternative to the Relative Centroid Metric (RCM) currently used in WAAS. RBN is more effective than the existing threat metric in capturing the sparseness of the IPP distribution by measuring the ratio of the number of partitions in which IPPs are absent to the total number of partitions. In addition, other essential parameters for the Korean SBAS threat model construction, including GEO MT28 (Message Type 28), IGP formations, and the number of reference stations, are determined. In a preliminary assessment, the undersampled ionospheric threat model based on the new methodology increased the coverage of 99.9% availability for APV-I service from 18.48% to 91.10%.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Behçet's disease.

OBJECTIVE Arterial and venous thrombosis are among the clinical features of Behçet's disease (BD), the pathogenesis of which is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether hyperhomocysteinaemia, being a well known risk factor for thrombosis, is also a contributive risk factor for the arterial and venous thrombosis of BD. METHODS Eighty-four patients fulfilling the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease (54 males, 30 females, mean age 36+/-9 yr) were enrolled. All the patients were carefully screened for a history of venous thrombosis and were separated into two groups with respect to thrombosis history. Thirty-six healthy individuals (23 males, 13 females), matched for age and sex with the BD group, were included as a negative control group. Patients were excluded if they had any condition that might affect plasma homocysteine concentration. As methotrexate (MTX) causes hyperhomocysteinaemia, we also included 29 rheumatoid arthritis patients (five males, 24 females) receiving MTX weekly. Fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The data were analysed with the chi(2) test and Student's t-test. RESULTS The highest homocysteine concentrations were found in the MTX group (17.5+/-5.3 micromol/l). Mean plasma homocysteine concentrations in BD patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (11.5+/-5.3 vs. 8.8+/-3.1 micromol/l, P<0.001). Among BD patients with a history of thrombosis, 20 of 31 (64%) had hyperhomocysteinaemia, and this was significantly higher than in those without thrombosis (9%). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between patients with non-thrombotic BD and healthy controls (P>0.05). In patients with thrombosis, we found no correlation between the duration of the post-thrombotic period and homocysteine concentration. Among all the variables investigated, only hyperhomocysteinaemia was found to be related to thrombosis. CONCLUSION Hyperhomocysteinaemia may be assumed to be an independent risk factor for venous thrombosis in BD. Unlike the factor V Leiden mutation, hyperhomocysteinaemia is a correctable risk factor. This finding might lead to new avenues in the prophylaxis of thrombosis in BD.
Rheological behaviour of polymer melts and its relationship with underlying structure and topology

This thesis contains a detailed study of the relationship between the rheological properties of polymers and their underlying structure. Starting from model polymer systems, rheological complexity has been built up to enable predictions for industrially complex mixtures relevant to tyre processing and manufacture. Polymers which are representative of the tyre industry have been used (e.g. polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polystyrene). Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests have been reported for a range of polymers of different molecular weight and architecture. Combining this with molecular modelling, in particular using branch-on-branch theory, is shown to allow predictions of polymer topology. Extensional rheometry is also reported using a variety of techniques (Sentmanat extensional rheometry, capillary breakup extensional rheometry, falling weight rheometry) and is shown to be sensitive to multiple branch points in the sample. Complex flow has been examined using the multi-pass rheometer apparatus and the study of stress decays using a well-defined contraction-expansion geometry is reported, including a novel method of extracting of relaxation times. Cross-slot geometries are used to obtain steady state extensional measurements, not attainable using other techniques. Large and medium amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS and MAOS) have been explored with regards to elucidating polymer structure. Well-controlled amplitude sweeps are reported and analysed by Fourier transform and are shown to be sensitive to polymer structure. Frequency sweeps are also performed in the MAOS region, reporting phases and magnitudes, and results related to molecular models. By study of a range of linear polymers, stars and blends, the results are shown to relate to Rouse behaviour of the polymers. The results detailed show that rheology is a multi-faceted technique that has great potential for identifying polymer structure. It is a key technique that should form part of the suite of analysis techniques available to the synthetic chemist in order to best characterise polymers produced.
Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) Program Delivery and Attendance among Urban-Dwelling African Americans

Background Older African Americans carry a disproportionate share of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of urban-dwelling African Americans with chronic disease participating in Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) programs and to examine factors related to successful program completion (i.e., attending at least four of the six sessions). Methods Data were analyzed from 11,895 African Americans who attended a CDSME program at one of the five leading delivery sites (i.e., senior center, health care organization, residential facility, community location, faith-based organization). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations of demographic, delivery site, and neighborhood characteristics with CDSME program successful completion. Results Approximately, half of the African American participants were aged 65–79 years, 83% were female, and 92% lived alone. Approximately, 44% of participants had three or more chronic conditions and 35% resided in an impoverished area (i.e., 200% below federal poverty level). Successful completion of the CDSME program was associated with being between the ages of 50–64 and 65–79 years, being female, living alone, living in an impoverished community, and attending a CDSME program at a residential facility or community center. Conclusion Findings highlight the unique patterns of attendance and delivery within the context of self-management interventions among this unique and traditionally underserved target population. Understanding such patterns can inform policy and practice efforts to engage more organizations in urban areas to increase CDSME program adoption. Particularly, employing strategies to implement CDSME programs across all delivery site types may increase reach to African American participants.
Craniofacial, temporal bone, and audiologic abnormalities in the spectrum of hemifacial microsomia.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical, audiologic, and temporal bone computed tomograpic findings in patients with hemifacial microsomia and to use the OMENS (each letter of the acronym indicates 1 of the following 5 dysmorphic manifestations: O, orbital asymmetry; M, mandibular hypoplasia; E, auricular deformity; N, nerve involvement; and S, soft tissue deficiency) grading system to assess possible correlations between the severity of dysmorphic features with the type of abnormalities in the temporal bone and with degree of hearing deficit. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENT Forty patients with hemifacial microsomia. RESULT Mandibular hypoplasia and auricular abnormalities were the most common clinical manifestations, present in 39 patients (97%) and 38 patients (95%), respectively. Conductive hearing loss was noted in 35 patients (86%) and sensorineural hearing loss in 4 patients (10%). Facial nerve weakness was present in 20 patients (50%). Twenty patients had unilateral aural atresia, 12 patients had unilateral aural stenosis, and 7 patients had bilateral anomalies. Moderate hypoplasia or atresia of the middle ear was noted in 36 patients (90%) and ossicles were malformed in 30 patients (75%). Hypoplasia of the oval window was the most common inner ear abnormality. CONCLUSIONS Severity of craniofacial features (total OMENS score) significantly correlated with the degree of temporal bone abnormality, but no correlation was noted with the degree or type of hearing loss. We recommend the following: (1) use of the OMENS classification system for documentation and analysis of dysmorphic finding in hemifacial microsomia; (2) complete audiologic evaluation in all patients with hemifacial microsomia regardless of the type of craniofacial abnormalities; and (3) temporal bone computed tomography for further evaluation of hearing deficit.
Hardness of Finding Independent Sets in 2-Colorable Hypergraphs and of Satisfiable CSPs

This work revisits the PCP Verifiers used in the works of Hastad [1], Guruswami et al. [2], Holmerin [3] and Guruswami [4] for satisfiable MAX-E3-SAT and MAX-EkSET-SPLITTING, and independent set in 2-colorable 4-uniform hypergraphs. We provide simpler and more efficient PCP Verifiers to prove the following improved hardness results: Assuming that NP ⊈ DTIME(NO(log log N)), . There is no polynomial time algorithm that, given an n-vertex 2-colorable 4-uniform hypergraph, finds an independent set of n/(log n)c vertices, for some constant c > 0. There is no polynomial time algorithm that satisfies 7/8 + 1 fraction of the clauses of a satisfiable MAX-E3(log n)c SAT instance of size n, for some constant c > 0. For any fixed k ≥ 4, there is no polynomial time algorithm that finds a partition splitting (1 - 2-k+1) + 1/(log n)c fraction of the k-sets of a satisfiable MAX-Ek-SET-SPLITTING instance of size n, for some constant c > 0. Our hardness factor for independent set in 2-colorable 4-uniform hypergraphs is an exponential improvement over the previous results of Guruswami et al. [2] and Holmerin [3]. Similarly, our inapproximability of (log n)-c beyond the random assignment threshold for MAX-E3-SAT and MAX-Ek-SETSPLITTING is an exponential improvement over the previous bounds proved in [1], [3] and [4]. The PCP Verifiers used in our results avoid the use of a variable bias parameter used in previous works, which leads to the improved hardness thresholds in addition to simplifying the analysis substantially. Apart from standard techniques from Fourier Analysis, for the first mentioned result we use a mixing estimate of Markov Chains based on uniform reverse hypercontractivity over general product spaces from the work of Mossel et al. [5], [6].