Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Secure Systems Using an Agent-oriented Approach and Security Patterns

In this paper we describe an approach for modelling security issues in information systems. It is based on an agent-oriented approach, and extends it with the use of security patterns. Agent-oriented software engineering provides advantages when modeling security issues, since agents are often a natural way of conceptualizing an information system, in particular at the requirements stage, when the viewpoints of multiple stakeholders need to be considered. Our approach uses the Tropos methodology for modelling a system as a set of agents and their social dependencies, with specific extensions for representing security constraints. As an extension to the existing methodology we propose the use of security patterns. These patterns capture proven solutions to common security issues, and support the systematic and structured mapping of these constraints to an architectural model of the system, in particular for non-security specialists.
The Effects of Mepivacaine Hydrochloride on Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold During Amikacin Sulfate Regional Limb Perfusion in the Horse.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) with a combination of mepivacaine hydrochloride and amikacin sulfate on synovial fluid amikacin sulfate concentration, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Healthy adult horses (n=9). METHODS One IVRLP treatment was randomly administered by cephalic vein of each limb: amikacin alone (1 g amikacin in 60 mL saline) or amikacin with mepivacaine (1 g amikacin and 500 mg mepivacaine in 60 mL saline). Opposite treatments were repeated after a 24 hour wash-out period. Amikacin concentration and antimicrobial activity were determined for synovial fluid from middle carpal joints at tourniquet removal and 30 minutes following. Zone of inhibition was determined for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. MNT was determined at 3 dorsal metacarpal locations prior to and after sedation, after Esmarch tourniquet application, and 30 minutes after IVRLP prior to and after tourniquet removal. RESULTS Two limbs from each treatment group were removed because of undetectable amikacin concentrations for a total of 14 data sets analyzed. Synovial fluid amikacin concentrations and zone of inhibition were not significantly different between treatments at any time point. MNT were significantly increased 30 minutes after IVRLP prior to and following tourniquet removal using amikacin and mepivacaine (median, range; 40.0 µg/mL, 38.7-40.0 and 40.0, 25.8-40.0, respectively) compared to amikacin alone (19.5 µg/mL, 18.7-25.6 and 15.3, 13.2-20.5, respectively). CONCLUSION Addition of mepivacaine to amikacin for IVRLP in the horse as a means of providing analgesia without decreasing antimicrobial activity.
English in the Ecuadorian commercial context

This paper presents a study completed in Quito, Ecuador's capital, in 2002. It investigates the attitudinal perceptions toward English in advertising in this context, as well as the actual distribution of English in magazine ads and commercial names of business establishments. The findings are the result of four data collection procedures: first, a questionnaire administered to advertising experts; second, an analysis of business names in ten shopping centers; third, an analysis of advertisements in Ecuadorian magazines; and fourth, an interview survey with the same group of advertising experts. The results are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively, with the aim to provide an attitudinal sociolinguistic profile of English in Ecuador from a descriptive, comparative and critical perspective. Adopting the socioeconomic framework presented by Bourdieu (1991), English is found to represent commercial capital. Moreover, English is shown to be highly stratified according to socioeconomic strata, and to function as a segmentizer and a gatekeeper on the Ecuadorian market. Thus, if English is to succeed in functioning as empowerment (cf. Friedrich, 2001) among the disadvantaged in Ecuador in the future, affirmative action is needed, especially within the educational sector.
Parent–child parallel‐group intervention for childhood aggression in Hong Kong

This article reports the original evidence‐based outcome study on parent–child parallel group‐designed Anger Coping Training (ACT) program for children aged 8–10 with reactive aggression and their parents in Hong Kong. This research program involved experimental and control groups with pre‐ and post‐comparison. Quantitative data collection consisted of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Child Behavior Checklist Teacher's Report Form (CBCL‐TRF), and Peer Observation Checklist (POC). Two pilot studies and the main study were conducted. Out of 34 applicants, 18 were selected and divided between two experimental groups and one control group in accordance with the rule of randomization. The effectiveness of the program has been consistently verified in lessening overall childhood aggression, especially for children's physical aggression, but not verbal aggression.
New quantitative and qualitative measures on functional mobility prediction for stroke patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether we could provide supportive laboratory evidence for clinical observations that a stroke patient has lost functional mobility/locomotion capability based on dynamic balance responses (centre of pressure, COP sway patterns) and motor control activities (EMG patterns) during the motor task of sit-to-stand. A computerized controlled dynamic postural control assessment system was developed and used in this study. Various dynamic balance indices were introduced and derived from COP sway patterns expressed in four domains (i.e. space, time, force, and frequency). Motor control was assessed by multi-channel surface electromyography of each side of the lower limb during the same motor task. The functional mobility capability was evaluated using a traditional FIM method. Fourteen stroke patients with right hemiplegia and nine healthy elderly were recruited as the experimental and control groups respectively. Muscle activity was recorded for quadriceps, hamstrings, anterior tibialis, and triceps surae muscles and used for analysis. Centre of pressure sway patterns and ground reaction forces were registered. All signals were synchronized at 'seat-off'. Surface electromyographic patterns of activities recorded during sit-to-stand and dynamic balance indices computed from centre of pressure sway patterns were categorized and compared with the functional mobility scores. The results show that both the motor control patterns and dynamic balance indices correlated well to the extent of mobility impairment evaluated using the traditional FIM method. An important conclusion for rehabilitation medicine is that the functional mobility capability of stroke patients may be quantified analytically using dynamic balance indices and visualized graphically through EMG motor patterns.
Paging on an object-oriented personal computer

A high-performance personal computing environment must avoid perceptible pauses resulting from many page faults within a short period of time. Our performance goals for a paged virtual memory system for the Smalltalk-80TM@@@@; programming environment are both to decrease the average page fault rate and to minimize the pauses caused by clusters of page faults. We have applied program restructuring techniques to the Smalltalk-80 object memory in order to improve the locality of reference. The analysis in this paper considers the clustering of page faults over time and distinguishes between steady-state behavior and phase transitions. We compare the effectiveness of different restructuring strategies in reducing the amount of main memory needed to obtain desired levels of performance.
Contradictions around differentiation for pupils with dyslexia learning English as a Foreign Language at secondary school.

This article deals with differentiation of teaching methods and extra time in class for pupils with dyslexia by English as a Foreign Language ( EFL) teachers in two Greek state secondary schools. Activity theory is applied to analyse the contradictions that emerge around the issue of differentiation for pupils with dyslexia from data compiled from interviews with teachers, pupils and parents and field notes from lesson observations across two schools. The analysis shows that contradictions are created when participants try to achieve their goals for differentiation by lack of teachers' knowledge, inadequate diagnosis, unclear school and Ministry policy, short duration of lessons and the number of pupils in class. The findings suggest the necessity of teacher training in dyslexia and the improvement of school and Ministry policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Factors Related to Sustained Use of a Free Mobile App for Dietary Self-Monitoring With Photography and Peer Feedback: Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Healthy eating interventions that use behavior change techniques such as self-monitoring and feedback have been associated with stronger effects. Mobile apps can make dietary self-monitoring easy with photography and potentially reach huge populations. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the factors related to sustained use of a free mobile app (“The Eatery”) that promotes healthy eating through photographic dietary self-monitoring and peer feedback. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the sample of 189,770 people who had downloaded the app and used it at least once between October 2011 and April 2012. Adherence was defined based on frequency and duration of self-monitoring. People who had taken more than one picture were classified as “Users” and people with one or no pictures as “Dropouts”. Users who had taken at least 10 pictures and used the app for at least one week were classified as “Actives”, Users with 2-9 pictures as “Semi-actives”, and Dropouts with one picture as “Non-actives”. The associations between adherence, registration time, dietary preferences, and peer feedback were examined. Changes in healthiness ratings over time were analyzed among Actives. Results Overall adherence was low—only 2.58% (4895/189,770) used the app actively. The day of week and time of day the app was initially used was associated with adherence, where 20.28% (5237/25,820) of Users had started using the app during the daytime on weekdays, in comparison to 15.34% (24,718/161,113) of Dropouts. Users with strict diets were more likely to be Active (14.31%, 900/6291) than those who had not defined any diet (3.99%, 742/18,590), said they ate everything (9.47%, 3040/32,090), or reported some other diet (11.85%, 213/1798) (χ2 3=826.6, P<.001). The average healthiness rating from peers for the first picture was higher for Active users (0.55) than for Semi-actives (0.52) or Non-actives (0.49) (F 2,58167=225.9, P<.001). Actives wrote more often a textual description for the first picture than Semi-actives or Non-actives (χ2 2=3515.1, P<.001). Feedback beyond ratings was relatively infrequent: 3.83% (15,247/398,228) of pictures received comments and 15.39% (61,299/398,228) received “likes” from other users. Actives were more likely to have at least one comment or one “like” for their pictures than Semi-actives or Non-actives (χ2 2=343.6, P<.001, and χ2 2=909.6, P<.001, respectively). Only 9.89% (481/4863) of Active users had a positive trend in their average healthiness ratings. Conclusions Most people who tried out this free mobile app for dietary self-monitoring did not continue using it actively and those who did may already have been healthy eaters. Hence, the societal impact of such apps may remain small if they fail to reach those who would be most in need of dietary changes. Incorporating additional self-regulation techniques such as goal-setting and intention formation into the app could potentially increase user engagement and promote sustained use.
Analogical Symbols: The Role of Visual Cues in Long-Term Transfer

We are reminded of relevant stories, tales, or symbols from long-term memory when facing a novel problem our daily lives. Visual cues are 1 tool known to facilitate reminding. In 2 experiments, Chinese students, who had experienced a folk tale many years ago during childhood, were asked to solve an analogous problem. We tested the hypothesis that a visual cue can help bridge the gap between a novel problem and a source analogy experienced in the distant past. Different types of cues proved to have distinct influences on components of analogical problem solving. This research suggests that analogical representational features of a story or problem can be stored in long-term memory and can be activated by visual cues. The implications of these findings for theories that point to perceptual or grounded, rather than decontextualized structures in knowledge representation are discussed.
Improving Throughput and Fairness by Reducing Exposed and Hidden Nodes in 802.11 Networks

Two well-known problems that can cause performance degradations in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks are the exposed-node (EN) and hidden-node (HN) problems. Although there have been isolated and incidental studies of EN and HN, a comprehensive treatment has not been attempted. The contributions of this paper are threefold: First, we provide rigorous mathematical definitions for EN and HN in wireless networks (including wireless local area networks (WLANs) with multiple access points (APs) and ad hoc networks). Second, we relate EN to the nonscalability of network throughput and HN to unfair throughput distributions. Third, we provide schemes to eliminate EN and HN, respectively. We show that the standard 802.11 technology is not scalable because, due to EN, more APs do not yield higher total throughput. By removing EN, our schemes make it possible to achieve scalable throughput commensurate with the seminal theoretical results in [1] and [2]. In addition, by removing HN, our schemes solve the performance problems triggered by HN, including throughput unfairness/starvation and rerouting instability.
TWISTED CONJUGACY CLASSES IN SYMPLECTIC GROUPS, MAPPING CLASS GROUPS AND BRAID GROUPS (INCLUDING AN APPENDIX WRITTEN WITH

We prove that the symplectic group $Sp(2n,\mathbb Z)$ and the mapping class group $Mod_{S}$ of a compact surface $S$ satisfy the $R_{\infty}$ property. We also show that $B_n(S)$, the full braid group on $n$-strings of a surface $S$, satisfies the $R_{\infty}$ property in the cases where $S$ is either the compact disk $D$, or the sphere $S^2$. This means that for any automorphism $\phi$ of $G$, where $G$ is one of the above groups, the number of twisted $\phi$-conjugacy classes is infinite.
A Sociolinguistic Perspective on Second Language Use in Immersion Classrooms

This paper cites observational and interview evidence indicating that immersion students in the U.S. and Canada increasingly avoid using their second language in peer-peer interactions as they move into higher primary grade levels. Systematic research is called for to explore this reported phenomenon. It is suggested that the phenomenon is actually predictable if one takes a sociolinguistic perspective on immersion classrooms, viewing them as speech communities that become increasingly diglossic over time. The paper ends with a summary of discussions with immersion teachers about possible implications for teaching in immersion settings.
Targets, tactics, and the open mouth face during play fighting in three species of primates.

The play fighting of many mammals involves the nonserious use of behavior patterns derived from serious fighting. A major question of theoretical importance has been that of how, given this overlap in patterns of behavior, the animals can distinguish between playful and nonplayful intent. One proposed solution is that animals use play signals to inform each other about the playful intent of their actions. The most widely reported play signal amongst primates is the open mouth play face. The manner in which this so-called signal functions is based on correlational evidence, with most reports simply noting its presence or absence in a given species. This study involved a detailed video-based analysis of the occurrence of open mouths during the play fighting of three species of primates. One captive troop each of ring-tailed lemurs, black-handed spider monkeys, and patas monkeys was used. By examining all open mouths in the context of the species-typical style of play fighting, several conclusions were empirically verified. 1) Most open mouths occur as a functionally necessary precursor for biting. 2) Some open mouths occur as a defensive threat which deters further contact. 3) The residual open mouths which may function as contact promoting play signals, constituted about 20–25% of all open mouths by the lemurs and patas monkeys, but less than 5% for spider monkeys. These species differences appeared to arise from two causes. Firstly, the spider monkeys used another signal, the head shake, in situations where lemurs and patas monkeys used open mouths. Secondly, the style of play fighting greatly influenced the frequency and duration of open mouths. This was most marked in the face-to-face combat style of patas monkeys. These findings show that comparative studies of the occurrence and function of play signals need to take into account species-typical styles of playful combat. Aggr. Behav. 23:41–57, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Social Physique Anxiety Scale: Cross Validation, Factorial Invariance, and Latent Mean Structure

Recently Motl and Conroy (2000) established the factorial validity and invariance of a 7-item, unidimensional model to the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS). This study was a test of the cross-validity of the 7-item, unidimensional model to the SPAS across 2 samples of women. The factorial invariance and latent mean structure were examined for the 7-item, unidimensional model to the SPAS across men and women. Data (N = 1,053) were retrieved from 2 published studies (Eklund, Mack, & Hart, 1996; Eklund, Kelley, & Wilson, 1997), and consisted of 3 samples of women (ns = 140, 380, and 380) and 1 sample of men (n = 153). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to indicate that the unidimensional model to the 7-item SPAS demonstrated invariance of the variance-covariance matrices, factor structure, factor loadings, factor variance, and item uniquenesses across 2 samples of women and across men and women. CFA was used to indicate that women had a higher latent mean score on the 7-item SPAS than men. Therefore, evidence of "tight" cross-validity and factorial invariance across gender was provided for the unidimensional model to the 7-item SPAS. Expected gender differences in SPAS latent mean scores were supported. Researchers can confidently employ the 7-item SPAS in studies of social physique anxiety among teenagers and young adults.
Regional regulation of palatal growth and patterning along the anterior–posterior axis in mice

Cleft palate is a congenital disorder arising from a failure in the multistep process of palate development. In its mildest form the cleft affects only the posterior soft palate. In more severe cases the cleft includes the soft (posterior) and hard (anterior) palate. In mice a number of genes show differential expression along the anterior–posterior axis of the palate. Mesenchymal heterogeneity is established early, as evident from Bmp4‐mediated induction of Msx1 and cell proliferation exclusively in the anterior and Fgf8‐specific induction of Pax9 in the posterior palate alone. In addition, the anterior palatal epithelium has the unique ability to induce Shox2 expression in the anterior mesenchyme in vivo and the posterior mesenchyme in vitro. Therefore, the induction and competence potentials of the epithelium and mesenchyme in the anterior are clearly distinct from those in the posterior. Defective growth in the anterior palate of Msx1−/– and Fgf10−/– mice leads to a complete cleft palate and supports the anterior‐to‐posterior direction of palatal closure. By contrast, the Shox2−/– mice exhibit incomplete clefts in the anterior presumptive hard palate with an intact posterior palate. This phenotype cannot be explained by the prevailing model of palatal closure. The ability of the posterior palate to fuse independent of the anterior palate in Shox2−/– mice underscores the intrinsic differences along the anterior–posterior axis of the palate. We must hitherto consider the heterogeneity of gene expression and function in the palate to understand better the aetiology and pathogenesis of non‐syndromic cleft palate and the mechanics of normal palatogenesis.
Validity of Student Instructional Ratings: Does Timing Matter?.

The final exam performances of seven sections of introductory calculus were compared with student ratings of the instructors. The ratings were made by a mail survey; half of the students were contacted during the last week of classes and the other half during the first week of the subsequent term. The ratings made at the two different times were not reliably different. Although both sets of ratings correlated positively with final exam performance, the ratings made during the first week of the subsequent quarter showed the stronger relationship. Additional analyses indicated that this positive relationship was not dependent on the student's individual grades.
Three Decades of Social Psychology: A Longitudinal Analysis of Baron and Byrne's Textbook

We analyzed the first 10 editions of Baron and Byrne's social psychology textbook. Modeling our methodology on Griggs and Jackson's (1996) longitudinal analysis of Hilgard's (1953) introductory psychology text, we ascertained changes in objective features, content, and contributors and contributions to social psychology. Changes in objective features partially mirrored changes in introductory texts. Topical coverage of areas related to social cognition increased. A small core of classic publications emerged. We discuss findings in relation to other analyses of textbooks, journal content, and researcher eminence.
Reproductive biology of Venus clam Gafrarium tumidum (Roding, 1798) from Southeast coast of India

The reproductive biology of tumid venus clamGafrarium tumidum (Roding) was studied in detail from the Southeast coast of India. Sample size ranged from 10.3 to 41.3mm. Sexes are separate but not diierentiated externally. Annual sex ratio male:female (M:F) deviated signi¢cantly from the 1:1 ratio with females dominating. Based on ova diameter progression of gonad smear and histology, four and two maturity stages of gonads were diierentiated in female and male clams, respectively. Peak spawning was observed during November and a minor one in April.
Using Eye-Tracking Data for High-Level User Modeling in Adaptive Interfaces

In recent years, there has been substantial research on exploring how AI can contribute to Human-Computer Interaction by enabling an interface to understand a user's needs and act accordingly. Understanding user needs is especially challenging when it involves assessing the user's high-level mental states not easily reflected by interface actions. In this paper, we present our results on using eye-tracking data to model such mental states during interaction with adaptive educational software. We then discuss the implications of our research for Intelligent User Interfaces.