Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy, by Donald Robertson

The above quotation from the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (ca. 55 AD to 135 AD) is something of a well-worn phrase within the literature on cognitivebehaviour therapy (CBT). It is often presented to illustrate the fundamental concern of CBT, that is, the relationship between cognition and emotion. Equally, it has also been employed as a means of establishing the ‘pedigree’ of this approach, by presenting CBT as a contemporary psychotherapy, steeped in empiricism, that also has roots in ancient wisdom. Of course, there is a danger in simply lifting quotations out of their literary context and, consequently, relegating them to the status of mere sound-bites. In The philosophy of cognitive-behaviour therapy, Robertson proposes that the connections between Stoic philosophy and CBT deserve deeper consideration. Within this book, the author offers a detailed comparative analysis of these two schools of thought, and compellingly argues that the origins of CBT are evident in the theory and practice of Stoic philosophy. Stoicism was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium around the turn of third century BC. It flourished for some five centuries, eventually spreading beyond Greece to Rome. Stoic philosophers held that one should aim to live a virtuous life, in accordance with nature and guided by reasoning and sound judgement. They proposed that in order to attain this life, one must distinguish between those things that can be personally controlled and those that are outside of one’s sphere of influence. Stoicism proposed that a general attitude of indifference should be held towards those things that cannot be influenced, in order to avoid unnecessary emotional distress. Emotional suffering was seen as a consequence of placing undue value judgements on such events, and of errors in reasoning. This philosophical stance is illustrated by Epictetus, who stated ‘Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well’ (Epictetus, trans. White, 1983, p. 13). Robertson argues that there is a widespread misconception that Stoicism was an overly intellectualised philosophical approach that sought to eradicate emotional responses. He suggests that the validity of emotional life was readily acknowledged within Stoicism. However, there was also an explicit distinction
Factors associated with aggressive behavior among nursing home residents with dementia.

PURPOSE In an attempt to more thoroughly describe aggressive behavior in nursing home residents with dementia, we examined background and proximal factors as guided by the Need-Driven Dementia-Compromised Behavior model. DESIGN AND METHODS We used a multivariate cross-sectional survey with repeated measures; participants resided in nine randomly selected nursing homes within four midwestern counties. The Minimum Data Set (with verification by caregivers) identified participants. We used a disproportionate probability sample of 107 participants (51% with a history of aggressive behavior) to ensure variability. Videotaped care events included four of direct care (shower baths, meals, dressing, and undressing) and two of nondirect care (two randomly selected 20-minute time periods in the afternoon and evening). The majority of participants (75%) received three shower baths, for a total of 282 videotaped baths. RESULTS Because the shower bath was the only care event significantly related to aggressive behavior (F = 6.9, p < .001), only those data are presented. Multilevel statistical modeling identified background factors (gender, mental status score, and lifelong history of less agreeableness) and a proximal factor (amount of nighttime sleep) as significant predictors (p < .05) of aggressive behavior during the shower bath. We found significant correlations between aggressive behavior and negative subject affect (r = .27) during the bath, and aggressive behavior and lifetime agreeableness level (r = -.192). We also found significant correlations between mental status and the amount of education (r = .212), and between negative caregiver affect and negative participant affect (r = .321). IMPLICATIONS We identified three background and one proximal factor as significant risk factors for aggressive behavior in dementia. Data identify not only those persons most at risk for aggressive behavior during care, but also the care event most associated with aggressive behavior. Together these data inform both caregiving for persons with dementia as well as the design of intervention studies for aggressive behavior in dementia.
Parental influence, pessimism and adolescent suicidality

As part of a series of studies into the early detection of suicidal behaviour in adolescence, this study investigated relationships between adolescents' self-reports of perceived parental style, pessimism, and the spectrum of suicidal behaviour in a sample of Australian high school students (Mean age = 15.8). Three hundred and seven students completed a questionnaire that included demographic details, the Influential Relationships Questionnaire (IRQ), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire. There was a high level of suicidal behaviour reported, with suicidal adolescents perceiving their parents to be significantly more critical, less caring and more overprotective. Multiple regression analyses examining a proposed pathway from perceived parental style to suicidality through the mediation of hopelessness found that both parental style and hopelessness made unique contributions to a composite suicidality score. The quality of parenting is relevant to the assessment of adolescent suicidality and the IRQ may be useful for the detection of perceived parenting difficulties in suicide prevention programmes.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE FACULTY JOB SATISFACTION

This paper presents the findings of a 1983 survey of 131 faculty in four postsecondary institutions in a state in the southeastern U.S.A. The purpose of the study was to elicit faculty judgments about their self‐concepts and commitment, stresses, and satisfactions in work and family life. This report presents data only about the respondents and their work: their job and its stressors and job satisfactions and dissatisfaction. The study revealed that faculty derive high satisfaction from student achievement, their own intellectual growth in a discipline and the world of ideas, working under flexible and relatively autonomous conditions, and association with stimulating peers. Their chief dissatisfactions dealt with job conditions (equipment and facilities, inflexible teaching schedules), personal conditions (lack of recognition, heavy teaching load), salary, red tape, and student and colleague apathy. A secondary purpose of the study was to test Herzberg's two‐factor theory of job satisfaction. These respo.
Relativistic Coulomb problem: Analytic upper bounds on energy levels.

The spinless relativistic Coulomb problem is the bound-state problem for the spinless Salpeter equation (a standard approximation to the Bethe--Salpeter formalism as well as the most simple generalization of the nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger formalism towards incorporation of relativistic effects) with the Coulomb interaction potential (the static limit of the exchange of some massless bosons, as present in unbroken gauge theories). The nonlocal nature of the Hamiltonian encountered here, however, renders extremely difficult to obtain rigorous analytic statements on the corresponding solutions. In view of this rather unsatisfactory state of affairs, we derive (sets of) analytic upper bounds on the involved energy eigenvalues.
Can I Hear You? Sentiment Analysis on Medical Forums

Text mining studies have started to investigae relations between positive and negative opinions and patients’ physical health. Several studies linked the personal lexicon with health and the health-related behavior of the individual. However, few text mining studies were performed to analyze opinions expressed in a large volume of user-written Web content. Our current study focused on performing sentiment analysis on several medical forums dedicated to Hearing Loss (HL). We categorized messages posted on the forums as positive, negative and neutral. Our study had two stages: first, we applied manual annotation of the posts with two annotators and have 82.01% overall agreement with kappa 0.65 and then we applied Machine Learning techniques to classify the posts.
Does materialism predict racism? materialism as a distinctive social attitude and a predictor of prejudice

Previous research reported that Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) constitute the individual's ideological space and are strong dispositional determinants of racism. In the present study, materialism was examined as a third social attitude and a potential predictor of racism. In a student (N = 183) and heterogeneous adult sample (N = 176) analyses revealed that RWA, SDO and materialism constitute three separate dimensions and that each of them explains a unique part of the variance in racism. In addition, Structural Equation Modelling showed that the relationship between materialism and racism was largely mediated by selfish motives. In the discussion we go further into the role of materialism as a third social attitudinal dimension. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
For Grades or Money? Charter School Failure in North Carolina

Purpose: Charter schools are unique public schools in part because this type of school can close if it fails to meet objectives set forth by the chartering body that approved it. Thus far, however, little research has been conducted into the causes of charter school closures. In this article, we examine charter school accountability. Research Design: We consider four types of accountability to guide our event history analysis of environmental influences that affect charter school closures in North Carolina. In addition, we present two case studies of schools that closed in North Carolina to better illustrate the differing micro-level processes that can lead to the closure of a school. Findings: We find evidence that market, bureaucratic, and financial accountability processes influence the likelihood that a school will close. The initiation of closure procedures, however, is more complex than our quantitative model alone suggests and our two case studies illustrate the key role that financial accountability plays in charter school closures in North Carolina.
Race/ethnicity, substance abuse, and mental illness among suicide victims in 13 US states: 2004 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System

Objective: To calculate the prevalence of substance abuse and mental illness among suicide victims of different racial/ethnic groups and to identify race/ethnicity trends in mental health and substance abuse that may be used to improve suicide prevention. Methods: Data are from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a state-based data integration system that, for 2004, includes data from 13 US states. The NVDRS integrates medical examiner, toxicology, death certificate, and law enforcement data. Results: Within participating states, for data year 2004, 6865 suicide incidents in which race/ethnicity are known were identified. This included 5797 (84.4%) non-Hispanic whites, 501 (7.3%) non-Hispanic blacks, 257 (3.7%) Hispanics, and 310 (4.5%) persons from other racial/ethnic groups. At the time of the suicide event, non-Hispanic blacks had lower blood alcohol contents than other groups. Non-Hispanic whites had less cocaine but more antidepressants and opiates. There were no differences in the levels of amphetamines or marijuana by race/ethnicity. Hispanics were less likely to have been diagnosed with a mental illness or to have received treatment, although family reports of depression were comparable to non-Hispanic whites and other racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic whites were more likely to be diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder and non-Hispanic blacks with schizophrenia. Comorbid substance abuse and mental health problems were more likely among non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks, while Hispanics were more likely to have a substance abuse problem without comorbid mental health problems. Conclusion: The results support earlier research documenting differences in race/ethnicity, substance abuse, and mental health problems as they relate to completed suicide. The data suggest that suicide prevention efforts must address not only substance abuse and mental health problems in general, but the unique personal, family, and social characteristics of different racial/ethnic groups.
NO/sub x/ reduction after treatment system using nitrogen nonthermal plasma desorption

In the flue emission from an internal combustion system using diffusing combustion such as coal or oil fuel boiler, incinerator, or diesel engine, around 10% oxygen is usually included. It is difficult to reduce the NO/sub x/ in the emission completely using catalysts or plasma alone because part of the NO/sub x/ is oxidized under an O/sub 2/-rich environment. In order to overcome these difficulties, we proposed a new after treatment system of NO/sub x/ included in the exhaust gas of the combustion system using nonthermal plasma (NTP) desorption and reduction. In this system, exchangeable adsorbent columns are equipped. First, the exhaust gas including NO/sub x/ is adsorbed to an NO/sub x/ adsorbent for a period of /spl Delta/t/sub a/. After the period of /spl Delta/t/sub a/, the path of the exhaust gas is changed with a pair of rotary valves and NO/sub x/ adsorbent is changed. The adsorbed NO/sub x/ is desorbed from the adsorbent and reduced by applying NTP for a period of /spl Delta/t/sub d/ using N/sub 2/ or low-oxygen-concentration gas. The exhaust gas is always kept clean by the exchange of adsorbent. Further, total electric energy can be reduced because NTP is not applied for /spl Delta/t/sub a/. This system can be operated at atmospheric temperature because no catalyst is used. As an initial step to realize such kind of after treatment system, the basic characteristics of the N/sub 2/ NTP desorption and NO/sub x/ reduction were examined experimentally using a pulse corona NTP reactor. After several adsorption/desorption processes, the amount of NO/sub x/ adsorbed becomes equal to that of the NO/sub x/ desorbed, that is, all the NO/sub x/ was desorbed in a single desorption process. It is confirmed that the NO/sub x/ complete reduction using N/sub 2/ NTP desorption is possible not only for a simulated exhaust gas but for a real diesel engine gas. The effective specific energy density can be decreased down to 22 Wh/m/sup 3/.
Analog bandwidth mismatch compensation for time-interleaved ADCs using FD-SOI technology

This paper introduces an analog bandwidth mismatch compensation technique for Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TI-ADCs). It takes advantage of a Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FD-SOI) technology to compensate for the bandwidth mismatch errors among channels. Our technique utilizes the body-effect to adjust the on-resistance of the sampling switch, by means of a 6-bit Digital-to-Analog-Converter (DAC). Simulations of a 2-channel TI-ADC running at fs= 4GHz shows the effectiveness of the correction. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is improved from 44.63 dB to 83.12 dB for a sine-wave just below the Nyquist frequency(fNyquist) of 2 GHz.
Benchmark for Algorithms Segmenting the Left Atrium From 3D CT and MRI Datasets

Knowledge of left atrial (LA) anatomy is important for atrial fibrillation ablation guidance, fibrosis quantification and biophysical modelling. Segmentation of the LA from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) images is a complex problem. This manuscript presents a benchmark to evaluate algorithms that address LA segmentation. The datasets, ground truth and evaluation code have been made publicly available through the http://www.cardiacatlas. org website. This manuscript also reports the results of the Left Atrial Segmentation Challenge (LASC) carried out at the STACOM'13 workshop, in conjunction with MICCAI'13. Thirty CT and 30 MRI datasets were provided to participants for segmentation. Each participant segmented the LA including a short part of the LA appendage trunk and proximal sections of the pulmonary veins (PVs). We present results for nine algorithms for CT and eight algorithms for MRI. Results showed that methodologies combining statistical models with region growing approaches were the most appropriate to handle the proposed task. The ground truth and automatic segmentations were standardised to reduce the influence of inconsistently defined regions (e.g., mitral plane, PVs end points, LA appendage). This standardisation framework, which is a contribution of this work, can be used to label and further analyse anatomical regions of the LA. By performing the standardisation directly on the left atrial surface, we can process multiple input data, including meshes exported from different electroanatomical mapping systems.
MansoniResponsiveness During Murine Schistosomiasis Characterization of the Epitope-Specific Th Epitope of p38, a Major Egg Antigen, and Identification of the Immunodominant T Cell

A recently cloned major Schistosoma mansoni egg Ag p38 induced and elicited strong Th1-type responsiveness in mice of H-2 k haplotype. Now, we have identiﬁed the immunodominant T cell epitope of p38 and analyzed the dynamics of epitope-speciﬁc Th responsiveness during murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Overlapping recombinant and synthetic peptides that encompassed the full-length 354 amino acid of p38 were tested for proliferation and cytokine production in peptide- or p38-sensitized mice. The immunodominant T cell epitope of p38 that elicited pulmonary granuloma formation was localized within peptide P4 (amino acids 235–249). The P4-speciﬁc cytokine response of splenocytes that had been sensitized s.c. with p38, P4 or soluble egg Ags in IFA, or i.p. with 3000 eggs was predominantly as the Th1 type, with strong IL-2 and IFN- g , but trace amounts of IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. At 6.5 wk of infection, splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells responded to p38/P4 peptides with predominantly Th1-type responsiveness. This response did not switch to a Th2-type pattern from 8 wk onwards; rather, it underwent down-modulation. Moreover, the hepatic granuloma lymphocytes at 6.5 wk responded to p38/P4 predominantly with Th1-type cytokine production, indicating that they participate in early granuloma formation. From 8 wk onwards an immune deviation to the p38-speciﬁc response was observed that was manifested by rising IgG1, IgE, and IgG2a Ab production as opposed to declining Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. Immunology,
Understanding the framework of business in Islam in an era of globalization: a review

Despite the fact that Islam is one of the major religions, the frameworks of this faith are yet to be fully understood. As a consequence, it is being confused with activities contrary to its teachings. Islam has an elaborate treatment for almost every aspect of life including the affairs of business. Business is an acceptable and dignified occupation, which has to be conducted within the given frameworks. Islam encourages the creation, acquisition and consumption of wealth, and the fulfilling of certain conditions in so doing. Wealth is held in trust as a gift from God. The terms of reference of this trust are to be complied with. Ethical principles do play a major role in shaping the behavior of a Muslim, in or out of business. In an era of globalization, the need for a better understanding of the premises of Islamic faith cannot be overemphasized.
Adolescents and young adults with 22qll deletion syndrome: psychopathology in an at-risk group

Background 22q11 deletion syndrome is associated with high rates of psychiatric morbidity, especially schizophrenia. If common neurodevelopmental trajectories characterise 22q11 deletion syndrome and idiopathic schizophrenia, then similar ‘premorbid’ features would be predicted. Aims To define psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Method Individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome (n=25) and age- and IQ-matched comparison participants (n=25), along withtheir parents/carers, completed standardised semi-structured assessments. Results Psychiatric disorders were more prevalent among those with the syndrome and included attention deficit, depression and anxiety; nearly half reported transient psychotic experiences. Inappropriate emotionality and disrupted social behaviour were also common. Poor functional adjustment was associated with schizotypal symptoms and was more marked in older individuals. Conclusions 22q11 deletion syndrome is associated with significant psychopathology prior to adulthood. Double the proportion expected to develop schizophrenia reported psychotic phenomena. These findings imply a continuum of developmental disruption in 22q11 deletion syndrome, associated with declining mental health in early adulthood.
Adaptive Advice in Automobile Climate Control Systems

Reducing an automobile's energy consumption will lower its dependency on fossil fuel and extend the travel range of electric vehicles. Automobile Climate Control Systems (CCS) are known to be heavy energy consumers. To help reduce CCS energy consumption, this paper presents an adaptive automated agent, MDP Agent for Climate control Systems (MACS), which provides drivers with advice as to how to set their CCS. First, we present a model which has 78% accuracy in predicting drivers' reactions to different advice in different situations. Using the prediction model, we designed a Markov Decision Process which solution provided the ad- vising policy for MACS. Through empirical evaluation using an electric car, with 83 human subjects, we show that MACS successfully reduced the energy consumption of the subjects by 33% compared to subjects who were not equipped with MACS. MACS also outperformed the state-of-the-art Social agent for Advice Provision (SAP).
Increasing Shelf Life of Pakistani Peaches Using Gamma Irradiation to Overcome Quarantine Barriers in Fruit Exports From Pakistan

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological and organoleptic properties of peaches to improve the quality and increase in shelf-life of indigenous fruit variety of Pakistani peaches. The matured peaches (variety no. 4) were collected from local market of Lahore and samples were irradiated with Gamma radiation doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75kGy. Study period comprised of three weeks during which samples were kept at refrigerated temperature (4 o C). Microbial evaluation of peaches revealed the presence of diverse aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and molds. The microbial count decreased significantly with increasing dose level. Salmonella sonnie were detected only in control samples. Peaches exposed to 0.75kGy dose showed highest reduction in bacterial count i.e. upto 59.8% on nutrient agar whereas fungal load was reduced up to 77.4% on PDA. Gamma-irradiation dose of 0.75kGy was found to be more effective in reducing microbial load. Sensory evaluation of the fruits revealed that gamma irradiation preserved the texture and appearance of fruit and also delayed the fruit decay by 7 days. Hence, gamma irradiations can be used as an effective treatment for improving the fruit quality and increasing marketable shelf life of peaches.