Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial correlations between β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits and blood vessels in familial Alzheimer’s disease

In sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD), the classic (‘dense-cored’) s-amyloid (As) deposits are aggregated around the larger blood vessels in the upper laminae of the cerebral cortex. To determine whether a similar relationship exists in familial AD (FAD), the spatial correlations between the diffuse, primitive, and classic s-amyloid (As deposits and blood vessels were studied in ten FAD cases including cases linked to amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PSEN) gene mutations and expressing apolipoprotein E (apo E) allele E4. Sections of frontal cortex were immunolabelled with antibodies against As and with collagen IV to reveal the As deposits and blood vessel profiles. In the FAD cases as a whole, Asdeposits were distributed in clusters. There was a positive spatial correlation between the clusters of the diffuse Asdeposits and the larger (>10 µm) and smaller diameter (<10 µm) blood vessels in one and three cases respectively. The primitive As deposits were spatially correlated with larger and smaller blood vessels each in four cases and the classic deposits in three and four cases respectively. Apo E genotype of the patient did not influence spatial correlation with blood vessels. Hence, spatial correlations between the classic deposits and larger diameter blood vessels were significantly less frequent in FAD compared with SAD. It was concluded that both As deposit morphology and AD subtype determine spatial correlations with blood vessels in AD.
EMBARC: error model based adaptive rate control for vehicle-to-vehicle communications

Channel congestion is one of the major challenges for deployment of collision avoidance systems based on DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) in large scale networks. If vehicles do not adapt to congestion conditions, DSRC transmissions could encounter extensive packet losses in areas of high vehicle density, leading to degradation in the performance of safety applications. In this paper, we propose a novel congestion control algorithm called Error Model Based Adaptive Rate Control (EMBARC) which adapts a vehicle's transmission rate as a function of channel load and vehicular dynamics. In particular, we extend Linear Integrated Message Rate Control (LIMERIC) algorithm's message rate adaptation with the capability to preemptively schedule messages based on the vehicle's movement. This leads to more transmission opportunities for vehicles with higher dynamics. The determination of a preemptive scheduling event is based on a novel suspected tracking error technique. Since LIMERIC maintains the channel load around a specific value, vehicles moving less dynamically will adapt to slightly reduced transmission rates in EMBARC. The extra transmit opportunities for highly dynamic vehicles reduce incidences of large tracking error compared to a pure LIMERIC approach. At the same time, EMBARC's use of adaptive rate control provides tracking error advantages over systems that transmit largely independent of channel load. We use simulations of a road with a winding segment to compare EMBARC with algorithms that do not take both channel load and vehicle dynamics into account. The results show that EMBARC has the best tracking accuracy among these algorithms over a wide range of node densities.
Online Optimization With Costly and Noisy Measurements Using Random Fourier Expansions

This paper analyzes data-based online nonlinear extremum-seeker (DONE), an online optimization algorithm that iteratively minimizes an unknown function based on costly and noisy measurements. The algorithm maintains a surrogate of the unknown function in the form of a random Fourier expansion. The surrogate is updated whenever a new measurement is available, and then used to determine the next measurement point. The algorithm is comparable with Bayesian optimization algorithms, but its computational complexity per iteration does not depend on the number of measurements. We derive several theoretical results that provide insight on how the hyperparameters of the algorithm should be chosen. The algorithm is compared with a Bayesian optimization algorithm for an analytic benchmark problem and three applications, namely, optical coherence tomography, optical beam-forming network tuning, and robot arm control. It is found that the DONE algorithm is significantly faster than Bayesian optimization in the discussed problems while achieving a similar or better performance.
La evaluación de la inteligencia emocional a través del inventario de BarOn ICE: NA, en una muestra de niños y adolescentes

The BarOn Emotional Inventory was standardized in a representative sample of 3.375 subjects (7-18 years old) from the urban area of Lima. The factorial structure was determined for the complete and brief version of the inventory by means of a principal component analysis with varimax rotation, including sex, age and type of school (state and private) variables. Four empirical factors were confirmed, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability and stress management as initially found by BarON (2000). Indicators of divergent validity between emotional intelligence and depression constructs were revealed.
How Can Vaccines Against Influenza and Other Viral Diseases Be Made More Effective?

A large fraction of the world's most widespread and problematic pathogens, such as the influenza virus, seem to persist in nature by evading host immune responses by inducing immunity to genetically and phenotypically plastic epitopes (aka antigenic variation). The more recent re-emergence of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 and avian H5N1 viruses has called attention to the urgent need for more effective influenza vaccines. Developing such vaccines will require more than just moving from an egg-based to a tissue-culture–based manufacturing process. It will also require a new conceptual understanding of pathogen–host interactions, as well as new approaches and technologies to circumvent immune evasion by pathogens capable of more genetic variation. Here, we discuss these challenges, focusing on some potentially fruitful directions for future research.
First Measurement of a Rapid Increase in the AGN Fraction in High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies

We present the first measurement of the AGN fraction in high-redshift clusters of galaxies (z ~ 0.6) with spectroscopy of one cluster and archival data for three additional clusters. We identify eight active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in these clusters from Chandra data that are sensitive to AGNs with hard X-ray (2-10 keV) luminosity LX, H > 1043 ergs s-1 in host galaxies more luminous than a rest-frame MR < -20 mag. This stands in sharp contrast to the one AGN with LX, H > 1043 ergs s-1 that we discovered in our earlier study of eight low-redshift clusters with z = 0.06-0.31 ( ~ 0.2). Three of the four high-redshift cluster data sets are sensitive to LX, H > 1042 ergs s-1, and we identify seven AGNs above this luminosity limit, compared to two AGNs in eight low-redshift clusters. Based on membership estimates for each cluster, we determine that the AGN fractions at z ~ 0.6 are fA(LX > 1042; MR < -20) = 0.028 and fA(LX > 1043; MR < -20) = 0.020. These values are approximately a factor of 20 greater than the AGN fractions in lower redshift ( ~ 0.2) clusters of galaxies. The cluster increase also represents substantially faster evolution than observed in the field over this redshift range (a factor of 1.3 and 3.3 for LX > 1042 and LX > 1043, respectively). The cluster AGN fraction increases more rapidly with redshift than the field, and the increase in cluster AGNs indicates the presence of an AGN Butcher-Oemler effect.
Exploiting Reflection Change for Automatic Reflection Removal

This paper introduces an automatic method for removing reflection interference when imaging a scene behind a glass surface. Our approach exploits the subtle changes in the reflection with respect to the background in a small set of images taken at slightly different view points. Key to this idea is the use of SIFT-flow to align the images such that a pixel-wise comparison can be made across the input set. Gradients with variation across the image set are assumed to belong to the reflected scenes while constant gradients are assumed to belong to the desired background scene. By correctly labelling gradients belonging to reflection or background, the background scene can be separated from the reflection interference. Unlike previous approaches that exploit motion, our approach does not make any assumptions regarding the background or reflected scenes' geometry, nor requires the reflection to be static. This makes our approach practical for use in casual imaging scenarios. Our approach is straight forward and produces good results compared with existing methods.
The Effects of Counterfactual Thinking on Readiness to Change Smoking-Related Behaviors

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.vi LIST OF TABLES.x INTRODUCTION.1 Counterfactual Thinking.3 Counterfactual Thinking and Smoking Cessation.7 Individual Differences and Counterfactual Thinking.8 Consideration of Future Consequences.8 Optimism and Pessimism.9 Readiness to Change.11 Fatalism.15 Contributions of the Current Study.16 Design of the Current Study.16 Hypotheses.17 METHOD.20 Participants.20 Procedure.20 Ethical Considerations.22
Understanding How Personality Impacts Exhaustion and Engagement: The Role of Job Demands, and Job and Personal Resources as Mediators

Objective Direct relationships have been found between neuroticism and burnout and between extraversion, conscientiousness, and engagement, key concepts in occupational wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect relationships between neuroticism and exhaustion, the core component of burnout, and between extraversion, conscientiousness, and engagement. Job demands, job resources, and psychological flexibility, a personal resource, were explored as potential mediators. Method Participants completed an online questionnaire at two time points, 1 year apart. Participants were studying nursing, social work, psychology, or occupational therapy at time one (T1) and either studying (n = 18) or working (n = 81) at time two (T2), with no employment information for one participant. At T2 working participants were nurses (n = 36), psychologists (n = 14), occupational therapists (n = 13), social workers (n = 7), other health profession workers (n = 7), and non‐health profession workers (n = 4). At T2 the average age of participants was 31 (standard deviation: 9.52; range: 21–60) and 92% were female. Results The direct relationships between T1 neuroticism and T2 exhaustion, and T1 conscientiousness and T2 engagement were not significant when controlling for the outcome variables at T1, exhaustion and engagement, respectively. Multiple mediation and bootstrapping analyses indicated potential mediation relationships between T1 neuroticism and T2 exhaustion and between T1 extraversion and T2 engagement. Conclusion While personality appears to be important in understanding burnout and engagement, the role of mediation suggests a complex relationship. Further longitudinal and large sample studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which personality impacts burnout and engagement.
Partial Order Ranking Methodologies in CSR Driven Innovation

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) driven innovation is typically highly complex as a wide range of parameters (descriptors) needs to be taken into account. The paper introduces a simple method to aggregate descriptor values prior to partial order ranking is suggested as a decision support tool that advantageously may be applied by companies being engaged in CSR driven innovation processes, the eventual objective being the selection of one or more products or services for further development that, e.g., fulfil the requirements of being of a) value to the company and at the same time strengthening or consolidating the company’s image, b) value to the target customer and at same time being safe to use, and c) value to the society and at the same time being environmentally friendly. Thus, in cases where pairs of descriptors are closely relation, like value and importance factors, the descriptors may advantageously be aggregated by multiplying the single corresponding values, the aggregated values subsequently being used for conventional partial order ranking. The aggregation is an alternative in situations where the ration between the total number of descriptors and the number of elements to be ranking is unfavourable possibly leading to nonrobust models. The rationale behind the descriptor aggregation is discussed.
When the Bond Breaks: Variables that Influence Grief Following Companion Animal Loss

An online survey investigated variables that are related to grief, guilt and loneliness following companion animal loss. Variables of interest were: relationship, species, time since death, type of death, attachment, social support, and demographic variables. Female and male participants over eighteen (n = 85) who had lost a companion animal within the last six months completed the survey. Individuals who classified their pets as good companions reported significantly less grief relative to those who considered their pets to be their children (p < 0.001) and best friends (p = 0.001). Those who labeled their animal as “my child” had significantly higher attachment scores when compared to those who labeled their pet as “a good companion” (p = 0.012). Older age was predictive of significantly lower grief, situational guilt, and loneliness. High grief participants considered their pets to be their children and reported the highest state guilt, loneliness and attachment scores.
Individual differences in anger reaction to noise

A review of the literature demonstrates an association between noise and anger. It is hypothesised, however, that this association would not be the same for every subject, but depend on a large range of psychobiological differences between individuals, dependent on age, sex, and noise sensitivity of each subject. The aim of this study was to investigate these eventual individual differences in how the subjective sensitivity to noise is associated to different dimensions of anger in adolescents of different age and of both sexes. Methods: For this purpose two selfreport instruments were chosen: the Sensitivity to Noise test (SENSIT) (Santisteban, 1990, 1992) and the State-Trait Anger expression Inventory (STAXI) (Spielberger, 1988). Results: showed: a) a globally significant correlationship between sensitivity to noise and the different anger aspects: feelings (in anger state), temperament (in trait anger), and internal expression (in anger expression); and b) different characteristics according to the psychobiological peculiarities of each subject (subjective sensitivity to noise, age, sex). Conclusions: in accordance to the hypothesis, the present results suggest that noise may act as a stressor causing unwanted aversive changes in an affective state, such as anger; b) that these changes are related to several psychobiological characteristics of the subject, such as age, sex, and individual sensitivity to noise; and c) that noise sensitivity, measured by SENSIT, may be used as a good predictor of anger.
TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis Is Preferentially Mediated via TRAIL Receptor 1 in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells and Profoundly Enhanced by XIAP Inhibitors

Purpose: We previously reported that small molecule X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibitors synergize with soluble TRAIL to trigger apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Because cancers may preferentially signal via 1 of the 2 agonistic TRAIL receptors, we investigated these receptors as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer in the present study. Experimental Design: We examined TRAIL receptor expression and cytotoxicity of specific monoclonal antibodies to TRAIL-R1 (HGS-ETR1, mapatumumab) or TRAIL-R2 (HGS-ETR2, lexatumumab) and of TRAIL receptor selective mutants alone and in combination with small molecule XIAP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cell lines, in primary specimens, and in a xenotransplant model in vivo. Results: The majority of primary pancreatic carcinoma samples and all cell lines express one or both agonistic TRAIL receptors. Nine of 13 cell lines are more sensitive to mapatumumab-induced apoptosis, whereas lexatumumab requires cross-linking for maximal activity. Similarly, TRAIL-R1 selective mutants display higher cytotoxicity than TRAIL-R2 selective mutants. Small molecule XIAP inhibitors preferentially act in concert with mapatumumab to trigger caspase activation, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and suppress clonogenic survival. Also, primary cultured pancreatic carcinoma cells are more susceptible to mapatumumab than lexatumumab, which is significantly enhanced by a XIAP inhibitor. Importantly, combined treatment with mapatumumab and a XIAP inhibitor cooperates to suppress tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions: Mapatumumab exerts antitumor activity, especially in combination with XIAP inhibitors against most pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, whereas lexatumumab requires cross-linking for optimal cytotoxicity. These findings have important implications for the design of TRAIL-based protocols for pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5734–49. ©2010 AACR.
Analysis of the Java Class File Format

The wide acceptance of Java as a network programing language has made the Java class file to one of the most popular, portable intermediate program representations. Such a representation must be as small as possible and still ideally support interpretation and code generation. This report presents the result of an analysis that examined a set of 4016 different class files for size and bytecode usage.
Four ‘ Pillars of Learning ’ for the Reorientation and Reorganization of Curriculum : Reflections and Discussions

In an information-intensive age, education is mandated to respond to demands in two directions: on the one hand, it has to transmit an increasing amount of constantly evolving knowledge and know -how adapted to a knowledge-driven civilization; on the other hand, it has to enable learners not to be overwhelmed by the flows of information, while keeping personal and social development as its end in view. Therefore ‘education must . simultaneously provide maps of a complex world in constant turmoil and the compass that will enable people to find their way in it’. (Delors et al, p85).
Experimental and Natural Infections of Goats with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus: Evidence for Ticks as Viral Vector

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), the causative agent for the fatal life-threatening infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), was first identified in the central and eastern regions of China. Although the viral RNA was detected in free-living and parasitic ticks, the vector for SFTSV remains unsettled. Methodology/Principal Findings Firstly, an experimental infection study in goats was conducted in a bio-safety level-2 (BSL-2) facility to investigate virus transmission between animals. The results showed that infected animals did not shed virus to the outside through respiratory or digestive tract route, and the control animals did not get infected. Then, a natural infection study was carried out in the SFTSV endemic region. A cohort of naïve goats was used as sentinel animals in the study site. A variety of daily samples including goat sera, ticks and mosquitoes were collected for viral RNA and antibody (from serum only) detection, and virus isolation. We detected viral RNA from free-living and parasitic ticks rather than mosquitoes, and from goats after ticks’ infestation. We also observed sero-conversion in all members of the animal cohort subsequently. The S segment sequences of the two recovered viral isolates from one infected goat and its parasitic ticks showed a 100% homology at the nucleic acid level. Conclusions/Significance In our natural infection study, close contact between goats does not appear to transmit SFTSV, however, the naïve animals were infected after ticks’ infestation and two viral isolates derived from an infected goat and its parasitic ticks shared 100% of sequence identity. These data demonstrate that the etiologic agent for goat cohort’s natural infection comes from environmental factors. Of these, ticks, especially the predominant species Haemaphysalis longicornis, probably act as vector for this pathogen. The findings in this study may help local health authorities formulate and focus preventive measures to contain this infection.
Quality, height, age and home advantage in boxing. [Calidad, altura, edad y la ventaja de boxear en casa].

espanolEl objetivo principal del presente estudio fue la identificacion de indicadores de rendimiento en boxeo y su incidencia sobre el concepto de ventaja de jugar en casa (HA), entre otras variables. Fueron seleccionados combates profesionales del ranking Europeo (N=522) dando lugar a 1044 unidades de analisis. Fueron aplicados analisis ANOVA y T-student para determinar la influencia de la diferencia entre boxeadores en: a) calidad, calculada mediante el numero de combates ganados, calidad del oponente, tiempo de inactividad, entre otros indicadores; b) altura y c) edad, en funcion del resultado obtenido y la localizacion del combate. Tambien empleada esta como variable influyente en el resultado final. Mediante analisis multivariantes (modelo CHAID) la diferencia de calidad entre los boxeadores era la variable mas determinante (p EnglishThe main objective of the present study was the identification of performance indicators in boxing and their impact on the concept of home advantage (HA), among other variables. Professional boxing bouts of the European ranking were selected (N = 522), to generate 1044 units of analysis. ANOVA and T-student analyzes were applied to determine the influence of the difference between boxers in: a) quality, calculated by the number of combats won, opponent's quality, inactivity time, among other indicators; b) height and c) age, depending on the result obtained and the location of the combat. It was also used as an influential variable in the final result. By multivariate analysis (CHAID model), the quality difference between boxers was the most determinant variable (p
Cross-industry knowledge spillovers: A case study from Taiwan

This study explores the ways in which Taiwanese latecomer firms built up their absorptive capacity and assimilated knowledge through international and local sources of technology to enter into 'thin film transistor-liquid crystal displays' (TFT-LCDs). This paper attempts to investigate how Taiwanese TFT-LCD manufacturers utilized foreign and local sources of technology to deepen their considerable industrial knowledge base, and how this process has enabled the cross-industry knowledge spillovers from one set of products and technology (non-TFT-LCDs) to another (TFT-LCDs). This paper argues that knowledge spillovers from foreign and local sources of technology allowed TFT-LCD firms to enhance their knowledge base to enter the TFT-LCD business. However, successful learning depends on the firms' absorptive capacity. Also, the evidence suggests in contrast to basic OEM technological development which initially relied heavily on foreign sources of technology (based on a 'student to tutor' relationship with foreign firms), the evidence shows that local sources of knowledge and skill played a greater role, allowing for a more 'senior to senior' partnership with foreign firms.