Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A triadic perspective on elder neglect within the home care arrangement

ABSTRACT The present study evaluates a conceptual model of elder neglect within the home care arrangement that takes into consideration the older adult, his or her family members, and the home care worker. Data from 223 complete care-giving units, which consist of an older adult, a family member and a home care worker, were analysed using structural equation modelling. Overall, 31.5 per cent of the older adults, 18 per cent of the care workers and 32.3 per cent of the family members reported at least one type of elder neglect. The proposed model showed a reasonable fit to the data. There was an inverse effect from type of home care to family member's burden and elder neglect, with live-in (around the clock) care being associated with lower levels of family member burden and elder neglect compared with live-out Israeli home care (provided for several hours per week). The amount of informal assistance provided by family members was inversely related to the amount of burden reported by home care workers, with greater informal assistance being associated with lower levels of worker burden. The findings call for the important role of formal home care by demonstrating a potentially protective effect for live-in migrant home care. The study also emphasises the shared burden between formal and informal sources of care.
Understanding Best Practices for Operating Welfare-To-Work Programs

This study explores the relationships between program practices and program impacts on earnings and welfare payments in California's welfare-to-work program, known as GAIN. Practices and impacts (based on a random assignment experiment) are compared across six counties and (on some measures) 20 local offices. The findings challenge some popular theories of "what works best" in welfare-to-work programs and illustrate how comparisons of a small number of sites within multisite studies can help researchers "get inside the black box, " a common problem in evaluation research.
Understanding and Measuring Autonomy: An Entrepreneurial Orientation Perspective

Autonomy is an important component of an entrepreneurial orientation (EO), but most studies that assess the EO construct do not include autonomy measures. This article first addresses the theoretical relevance of autonomy as an element of firm–level entrepreneurial behavior. After a review of existing autonomy measures, it then proposes scale items to test the autonomy dimension of EO. Finally, it reports the results of two studies of the proposed autonomy scale and addresses implications for future EO–related autonomy research.
A Probabilistic Model of Semantic Plausibility in Sentence Processing

Experimental research shows that human sentence processing uses information from different levels of linguistic analysis, for example, lexical and syntactic preferences as well as semantic plausibility. Existing computational models of human sentence processing, however, have focused primarily on lexico-syntactic factors. Those models that do account for semantic plausibility effects lack a general model of human plausibility intuitions at the sentence level. Within a probabilistic framework, we propose a wide-coverage model that both assigns thematic roles to verb-argument pairs and determines a preferred interpretation by evaluating the plausibility of the resulting (verb, role, argument) triples. The model is trained on a corpus of role-annotated language data. We also present a transparent integration of the semantic model with an incremental probabilistic parser. We demonstrate that both the semantic plausibility model and the combined syntax/semantics model predict judgment and reading time data from the experimental literature.
Serum D-dimer levels to evaluate the risk for arterial thromboembolism after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab.

PURPOSE There are concerns about arterial thromboembolic event after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Motivated by the fact that D-dimer was a sensitive biomarker for thromboembolism, we evaluated serum D-dimer levels in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab. METHODS In this prospective, nonrandomized, uncontrolled study, 122 patients (122 eyes) with AMD were enrolled. Sixty-two eyes received intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and 60 eyes received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab monthly for 3 months. Serum D-dimer levels were measured in patients before intravitreal injection and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months thereafter. RESULTS Serum D-dimer levels were not significantly altered following injection of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Subgroup analysis for patients at risk for thromboembolic events revealed that serum D-dimer levels showed no significant change after injection of ranibizumab. However, D-dimer levels significantly increased at 1 day (P=0.041) and 1 week (P=0.022) after injection of bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS Serum D-dimer levels were not changed after injection with either bevacizumab or ranibizumab. In subgroup analysis, bevacizumab injection in patients at risk of thromboembolism increased serum D-dimer levels.
Electronic Emotion

This article investigates a new communication medium—public computer conferencing—by separately and jointly analyzing two basic aspects of human communication: (1) content, the extent to which such systems can support socioemotional communication, and (2) connectivity, communication patterns among system users. Results indicate that (1) computer-mediated communication systems can facilitate a moderate exchange of socioemotional content and (2) basic network roles did not generally differ in percentage of socioemotional content. Some fundamental issues in analyzing content and networks in computer-mediated systems, such as structural equivalence versus cohesion network approaches, are discussed in light of these results.
Growth and predictors of change in English language learners' reading comprehension

This study modelled reading comprehension trajectories in Grades 4 to 6 English language learners (ELLs = 400), with different home language backgrounds, and in English monolinguals (EL1s = 153), and examined an augmented Simple View of Reading model. The contribution of Grade 1 (early) and Grade 4 (late) cognitive, language and word-level reading to Grade 6 reading comprehension was examined. The reading comprehension trajectory was non-linear in ELLs but linear in EL1s. Syntax predicted consistently rate of growth in reading comprehension. ELLs consistently underperformed EL1s on reading comprehension. Word-level reading and all components of language (vocabulary, syntax and listening comprehension) remained stable predictors of Grade 6 reading comprehension. Grade 1 phonological awareness, naming speed and working memory predicted reading comprehension in Grade 6, as did Grade 4 phonological short-term memory. Results support an augmented Simple View of Reading that includes cognitive, word-level and language components, and underscore the importance of considering developmental changes in the constructs.
Female Fandom in an English ‘Sports City’: A sociological study of female spectating and consumption around sport

This thesis is an exploratory study which examines, comparatively, the largely neglected area of female sports fandom. Using the UK East Midlands city of Leicester as a case study site for the research, 85 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three generations of female fans of football (Leicester City) and rugby union (Leicester Tigers). The thesis emerges, broadly speaking, out of the recent feminist tradition of research on sport and leisure, but uses Glaser and Strauss’s (2008) ‘grounded theory’ approach to data collection and analysis to seek to ‘add’ a sociological account of women’s experiences as sports fans to the existing research on women and leisure. The main aim was to consider the extent to which, and how, sports fandom figures in the leisure lives of women in different sporting contexts today and in the recent past. Continuity, as well as change, in women’s sporting lives was a central theme. Whilst some women overcame barriers to their involvement in sport as players and spectators, many obstacles continue to restrict women’s leisure involvement as active fans. The thesis examines the distinctiveness of women’s experience of spectator sport as a changing commercial and cultural product in England from the post-war period, stressing both similarities, but also important differences between men’s and women’s historical experiences of these sports. The differential extent to which sports fandom fosters a positive ‘sense of place’ for females was explored, as was the mutual hostility often expressed between female football and rugby fans which is largely attributed to the combined impact of relations of place, gender and social class. Little existing research has explored this complex terrain. Finally, important differences between women in terms of the wider meanings they attribute to their involvement in sport were revealed which other approaches to the study of fandom largely fail to acknowledge.
Obligate Necrophagy in a Social Bee

The social bee Trigona hypogea uses carrion instead of pollen as a protein source. Nests lack stored pollen, pollen is absent in larval provisions, and corbiculae for pollen transport on worker hind legs are reduced. Glandular secretions of 20 percent protein content appear to replace stored pollen. Toothed mandibles, pheromonal recruitment to resources, and aggressive foraging behavior facilitated evolution of necrophagy in this tropical forest bee lineage.
Reward Sensitivity Modulates Brain Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex, ACC and Striatum during Task Switching

Current perspectives on cognitive control acknowledge that individual differences in motivational dispositions may modulate cognitive processes in the absence of reward contingencies. This work aimed to study the relationship between individual differences in Behavioral Activation System (BAS) sensitivity and the neural underpinnings involved in processing a switching cue in a task-switching paradigm. BAS sensitivity was hypothesized to modulate brain activity in frontal regions, ACC and the striatum. Twenty-eight healthy participants underwent fMRI while performing a switching task, which elicited activity in fronto-striatal regions during the processing of the switch cue. BAS sensitivity was negatively associated with activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and the ventral striatum. Combined with previous results, our data indicate that BAS sensitivity modulates the neurocognitive processes involved in task switching in a complex manner depending on task demands. Therefore, individual differences in motivational dispositions may influence cognitive processing in the absence of reward contingencies.
On the Statistical Efficiency of $\ell_{1,p}$ Multi-Task Learning of Gaussian Graphical Models

In this paper, we present $\ell_{1,p}$ multi-task structure learning for Gaussian graphical models. We analyze the sufficient number of samples for the correct recovery of the support union and edge signs. We also analyze the necessary number of samples for any conceivable method by providing information-theoretic lower bounds. We compare the statistical efficiency of multi-task learning versus that of single-task learning. For experiments, we use a block coordinate descent method that is provably convergent and generates a sequence of positive definite solutions. We provide experimental validation on synthetic data as well as on two publicly available real-world data sets, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and gene expression data.
Structural interactions of a voltage sensor toxin with lipid membranes

Significance Tarantula venom contains protein toxins that interact with diverse families of ion channels and alter their activity. A number of tarantula toxins are known to interact with membranes and are thought to bind to ion channel proteins within the lipid bilayer. In the present study, we find that tarantula toxins influence the structure and dynamics of the lipid bilayer, and that the toxin orients itself within membranes to facilitate formation of the toxin–channel complexes. Our results have implications for the mechanisms of toxin action on ion channels, and more generally for protein–protein interactions within membranes. Protein toxins from tarantula venom alter the activity of diverse ion channel proteins, including voltage, stretch, and ligand-activated cation channels. Although tarantula toxins have been shown to partition into membranes, and the membrane is thought to play an important role in their activity, the structural interactions between these toxins and lipid membranes are poorly understood. Here, we use solid-state NMR and neutron diffraction to investigate the interactions between a voltage sensor toxin (VSTx1) and lipid membranes, with the goal of localizing the toxin in the membrane and determining its influence on membrane structure. Our results demonstrate that VSTx1 localizes to the headgroup region of lipid membranes and produces a thinning of the bilayer. The toxin orients such that many basic residues are in the aqueous phase, all three Trp residues adopt interfacial positions, and several hydrophobic residues are within the membrane interior. One remarkable feature of this preferred orientation is that the surface of the toxin that mediates binding to voltage sensors is ideally positioned within the lipid bilayer to favor complex formation between the toxin and the voltage sensor.
Illness, Inauspiciousness and Modes of Healing in Rajasthan

Ethnographic material on local conceptions and treatment of certain kinds of illness in rural Rajasthan provides insights into the nature and pragmatic meaning of concepts of auspiciousness and inauspiciousness in everyday contexts. By analysing the internal logic of rituals directed at treating the sick, I elucidate the dual meaning of auspiciousness and inauspiciousness as conditions with predictive value that refer both to potentiality and to outcome. States of purity can, in turn, influence the resolution of potentialities in a positive (auspicious) or negative (inauspicious) direction. Analysis of folk healing rituals and of the relations between patients and healers further demonstrates an analogy with the priest-patron relationship and religious gifting, revealing a continuity in underlying cultural assumptions from orthodox religious ritual through folk healing practices to everyday social actions. The paper thereby contributes to the continuing discussion about the relations between different `levels' or `traditions' in Hindu society and culture and serves to demonstrate that medical anthropology can contribute to broader issues of anthropological interest beyond the domains of health and illness.
Commentary on Autologous Platelet‐Rich Plasma: A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Promoting Hair Growth

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been investigated in numerous fields of medicine, particularly for its role in wound healing. These fields include orthopedics, dentistry, and most recently dermatology. Data published in peer-reviewed journals have demonstrated dermatologic applications in areas ranging from acne scarring to lower extremity wound healing to fat transplantation. Thicker collagen bundles were seen in skin treated with PRP than in control areas after ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Basic scientific data suggest that the mechanism of action for PRP is by upregulating levels of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-2. It also appears to increase the expression of G1 cell cycle regulators.
Educational research in Mainland China: current situation and developmental trends

The influence of Confucian culture in Chinese Mainland China is reflected in the current situation and contextual trends of educational research content of educational thought of Confucianism, educational issues grounded on theoretical views of Confucianism, and the influence of the inclusiveness of Confucianism. In terms of research method, the current situation of educational research is reflected in empirical research whose methods value the construction of the metaphysical theoretical system, the guiding role of educational theories for educational reform practice, and research that enriches the literature. In terms of research value, the current situation of educational research is reflected in studies that focus on human nature, human relations, thoughts, willpower, emotion, human rights, and benevolence, as well as studies focusing on education that serves politics. In terms of research content, the development trend of educational research is reflected by endeavours aimed at expanding educational research content in the context of Confucianism.
Gender differences in using mobile data services: utilitarian and hedonic value approaches

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers differ by gender in terms of the values sought from mobile data services.Design/methodology/approach – The technology acceptance model (TAM) and utilitarian and hedonic value were employed to examine the differences in mobile data services usage. A total of 200 respondents participated in an online survey. Of the sample, 116 participants were female and 84 participants were male. Multiple group structural equation modeling analysis was used to examine gender differences in using mobile data services.Findings – The findings indicated that the effect of hedonic value was stronger in the female group than the male group. Utilitarian value was a significant driving value in using mobile data services in the male group and showed a stronger effect for the male group than the female group. The results supported that the effects of hedonic value and utilitarian value on using mobile data services generated different mobile data services usages acros.
Hypoglycemic Effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) in Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Rats

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of the aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Fabaceae leaves and flowers on alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: The effect of orally administered aqueous extracts (400 mg/kg body weight) of Clitoria ternatea leaves and flowers on serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin were examined in control and extract-treated diabetic rats. The glycogen content of the liver and skeletal muscles of the rats was evaluated while the activities of the glycolytic enzyme, glucokinase, and the gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver were assessed. The extracts were administered over a period of 84 days. Results: The aqueous extracts of Clitoria ternatea leaves and flowers significantly (P<0.05) reduced serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and the activities of gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6phosphatase, but increased serum insulin, liver and skeletal muscle glycogen and the activity of the glycolytic enzyme, glucokinase. For all the biochemical tests performed, the leaf extract-treated rat showed essentially the same profile as those treated with the flower extract. Conclusion: The present investigation suggests that Clitoria ternatea leaf and flower extracts exhibit antihyperglycaemic effect in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus.
Marathon performance in relation to body fat percentage and training indices in recreational male runners

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anthropometric characteristics and training indices on marathon race times in recreational male marathoners. Methods Training and anthropometric characteristics were collected for a large cohort of recreational male runners (n = 126) participating in the Basel marathon in Switzerland between 2010 and 2011. Results Among the parameters investigated, marathon performance time was found to be affected by mean running speed and the mean weekly distance run during the training period prior to the race and by body fat percentage. The effect of body fat percentage became significant as it exceeded a certain limiting value; for a relatively low body fat percentage, marathon performance time correlated only with training indices. Conclusion Marathon race time may be predicted (r = 0.81) for recreational male runners by the following equation: marathon race time (minutes) = 11.03 + 98.46 exp(−0.0053 mean weekly training distance [km/week]) + 0.387 mean training pace (sec/km) + 0.1 exp(0.23 body fat percentage [%]). The marathon race time results were valid over a range of 165–266 minutes.
The total teamwork way

Draws an analogy between a successful work team and a successful soccer team. Identifies several team types which support TQ operations. Suggests that work is evolving from reactive problem‐solving teams towards proactive process improvement teamworking. Illustrates the development of problem‐solving teamworking and suggests that this style is now moving into self‐supervising teams. Models the various team types being utilized within the UK.
Complicated Grief and its Relationship to Mental Health and Well-Being Among Bosnian Refugees After Resettlement in the United States: Implications for Practice, Policy, and Research:

This study investigates mental health and well-being variables in a randomly selected sample of Bosnian refugees. The sample was predominately female (56%), with a mean age of 42, and 56.5% were educated at 12 years of school or less with 43.5% reporting more than 12 years of education. Four standardized research instruments that measured trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, complicated grief, anxiety, depression, well-being, and general mental health (a combined measure of well-being and psychological distress) were randomly disseminated among 500 Bosnian refugees with 126 (25%) surveys returned. Results revealed PTSD (66.6%), complicated grief (54%), anxiety (40%), and depression (31%) symptoms in the clinical range. A sequential regression revealed that 31% of the variance in poor general mental health was accounted for by complicated grief, whereas PTSD symptomatology only accounted for 6% of the variance. Implications for mental health interventions, research, and policy are discussed.
Finnish primary and secondary school students’ interest in music and mathematics relating to enjoyment of the subject and perception of the importance and usefulness of the subject

Based on an expectancy-value theoretical framework and data (n = 1654) collected in 29 Finnish municipalities using a structured questionnaire, this study examines primary (grades 5–6), lower secondary (grades 7–9) and upper secondary (grades 10–12) students’ motivation in music and mathematics. It explores in detail the students’ interest in music and mathematics inside and outside school, primarily from the point of view of enjoyment of the subject and the perceptions about the importance and usefulness of the subject. However, it also investigates the respondents’ view of the difficulty of the subject, the popularity of the subject, self-competence in the subject, and gender. The main results are: 1) In general, music is a more interesting subject than mathematics, but it is more interesting outside school than in school. Mathematics is more interesting in school and girls are more interested in music, whereas boys are more interested in mathematics, 2) Interest in music and mathematics inside and outside school can be explained by the enjoyment related to studying the subjects and the view of the importance and usefulness of the subjects, and 3) An intrinsic motivation in mathematics strengthens a positive relationship with music.