Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved square-root algorithm for RTS Kalman smoothing

This paper improves on a noted square-root RTS Kalman smoothing algorithm proposed by Park and Kailath for the application purpose. This improved square-root RTS algorithm is able to additionally accommodate arbitrary exogenous known input, as such case is quite common in the real-world applications. In addition, hyperbolic Householder transformations are employed to avoid the computation of the difference of two positive semi-definite matrices. The Givens rotations based unitary transformations are further used to make the resulting algorithm have higher computational efficiency. The relevant implementation steps of this algorithm is also addressed. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to verify this improved algorithm.
Mapping of a hydrological ice-sheet drainage basin on the West Greenland ice-sheet margin from ERS-1/-2 SAR interferometry, ice-radar measurement and modelling

Abstract The hydrological ice-sheet basin draining into the Tasersiaq lake, West Greenland (66°13’ N, 50°30’W), was delineated, first using standard digital elevation models (DEMs) for ice-sheet surface and bedrock, and subsequently using a new high-resolution dataset, with a surface DEM derived from repeat-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and a bedrock topography derived from an airborne 60 MHz ice-penetrating radar. The extent of the delineation was calculated from a water-pressure potential as a function of the ice-sheet surface and bedrock elevations and a hydraulic factor k describing the relative importance of the potential of the ice overburden pressure compared to the bedrock topography. Themeltwater run-off for the basin delineations was modelled with an energy-balance model calibrated with observed ice-sheet ablation and compared to a 25 year time series of measured basin run-off. The standard DEMs were found to be inadequate for delineation purposes, whereas delineations from high-resolution data were found to be very sensitive to changes in k in a non-linear way, causing a factor 5 change of basin area, corresponding to a doubling of the modelled runoff. The 50% standard deviation of the measured basin run-off could thus be explained by small year-to-year variations of the k-factor.
Application of HPLC-NMR in the Identification of Plocamenone and Isoplocamenone from the Marine Red Alga Plocamium angustum

A combination of on-line HPLC-NMR and off-line chemical investigations has resulted in the identification of the previously reported polyhalogenated monoterpene plocamenone, together with the new structural analogue isoplocamenone from the crude extract of the marine alga Plocamium angustum. On-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR analyses (including the acquisition of WET 2D NMR spectra) rapidly assisted in the identification of the major component plocamenone and in the partial identification of its unstable double bond isomer isoplocamenone. Conventional off-line isolation and structural characterization techniques were employed to unequivocally confirm both structures, leading to a structural revision for plocamenone, as well as to obtain sufficient quantities for biological testing.
Antecedents and outcomes of online brand engagement: The role of brand love on enhancing electronic-word-of-mouth

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of online consumer brand engagement (OCBE). In addition, a mediator effect of satisfaction and brand love in the relationship between OCBE and positive electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) is analyzed. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a panel sampling with 201 participants from the millennial generation provided by the software tool Qualtrics. The online questionnaire is composed of two screening questions, the items of the constructs and a section with the socio-demographic variables. Findings Involvement and online brand experience (OBE) are important drivers of online brand engagement. Brand love is a significant mediator between online brand engagement and e-WOM. Originality/value Studies about antecedents and outcomes of online consumer engagement are rare. This paper contributes to the fledgling online consumer engagement literature by analyzing three antecedents: involvement, OBE, and self-brand image congruency. For the first time, brand love and satisfaction were considered as direct outcomes of online brand engagement. New insights are provided into the mediating role of brand love between online brand engagement and e-WOM.
The Miocene of Ceylon

It has long been known that fossiliferous limestones occur in the Jaffna peninsula in the extreme north of Ceylon, but until recently they have received little attention, and nothing approaching a detailed account of them appears to have been published. At various times between 1914 and 1916 (inclusive) in the capacity of Assistant Mineral Surveyor for Ceylon, I carried out geological investigations over a stretcli of more than 800 miles of the coast-line of the island. During the progress of this work sedimentary beds were frequently met with; and the best-developed group of these—the Miocene—is dealt with in this paper. It will be shown that the Jaffna limestones are of Miocene age, that similar limestones occur elsewhere in Ceylon, and that Miocene rocks of other fades also occur. I am at a disadvantage in that all my field-notes, being the property of tlie Mineral Survey, remain in Ceylon ; but sufficient information is contained in private note-books to allow of a general description. Prior to Dr. Davies's determination of the contained fossils the age of the Jaffna limestones was very uncertain; for, while I recognized them as Tertiary, and regarded them as probably Eocene, a previous author believed them to be of Cretaceous age. Sir Emerson Tennant regarded them as a recent coral-formation, and this view is still held by engineers and others who have occasion to deal with them; while Mr. J. S. Boake, in a very ingenious, if entirely imaginary, representation of Ceylon geology, depicted them as covering
The Security of Vehicular Adhoc Networks

Vehicular Adhoc network (VANET) is a new form of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). It integrates mobile connectivity protocols to expedite data transfer between vehicles as well as between roadside equipment and available traffic in network. In VANET, Wireless device sends information to nearby vehicles, and messages can be transmit from one vehicle to another vehicle. Therefore, using VANET can increase safety and traffic optimization. Similar to other technology, in VANET there are some important and noticeable issues. One of the most important of them is Security. Since the network is open and accessible from everywhere in the VANET radio range, it is expected to be an easy target for malicious users. In this paper, I try to discuss security issues as one of the most important problems in Vehicular Adhoc network.
The moderating effect of switching costs on the customer satisfaction-retention link: retail internet banking service in Hong Kong

[Abstract]: The objective of this research was to develop a model that examines the direct effects of customer satisfaction and switching costs on customer retention as well as the moderating effect of switching costs on the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer retention in the segments of basic and advanced Internet banking users. This empirical research was conducted within the context of the retail Internet banking industry in Hong Kong. An online questionnaire was employed as the means of data collection. This research confirms the significant positive effects of customer satisfaction and switching costs on customer retention in both segments of basic and advanced Internet banking users. It is interesting that switching costs play a significant moderating effect on the customer satisfaction-retention link only for the segment of basic Internet banking users. For the segment of advanced Internet banking users, the moderating effect of switching costs does not significantly affect satisfaction-retention link.
The hydrological sensitivity to global warming and solar geoengineering derived from thermodynamic constraints

We derive analytic expressions of the response of the hydrological cycle to surface warming from the surface energy balance in which turbulent heat fluxes are constrained by the thermodynamic limit of maximum power. For a given steady state temperature change, this approach predicts the transient and steady state response of surface energy partitioning and the hydrologic cycle. We show that the predicted hydrological sensitivities to greenhouse warming and solar geoengineering are comparable to the results from climate model simulations of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. Although not all effects can be explained, our approach nevertheless predicts the general trend as well as the magnitude of the changes in the global‐scale hydrological cycle surprisingly well. This implies that much of the global‐scale changes in the hydrologic cycle can be robustly predicted by the response of the thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance to altered radiative forcing.
Preliminary study of spin‐up processes in land surface models with the first stage data of Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes Phase 1(a)

The spin-up of a land surface model (LSM) is broadly defined as an adjustment process as the model approaches its equilibrium following initial anomalies in soil moisture content or after some abnormal environmental forcings (e.g., drought). The spin-up timescale of LSMs has received little attention in the modeling community. This study uses results from Phase 1(a) of the Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes, and finds that most land surface schemes require many years to come to thermal and hydrologic equilibrium with the forcing meteorology ; the time needed depends on the total moisture holding capacity and the initialization of the moisture stores. The linear relationship established for bucket-type models is just a special case of that found for the more sophisticated nonbucket-type models, at least when the models start out with adequate soil moisture. When soil moisture begins at zero or when precipitation is set to zero, there is a nonlinear relationship. Sensitivity studies using the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme confirm that precipitation intensity, solar radiation forcing, vegetation cover, and stomatal resistance also affect the length of spin-up time. The results underline that the accurate calculation of precipitation and solar radiation incident at the Earth's surface is important for a realistic simulation of soil moisture content. Magnitudes of simulated heat fluxes at equilibrium are not related to the thickness of the soil layer below the rooting zone. For most LSMs, initial positive soil moisture anomalies are associated with initial positive evapotranspiration (E) anomalies, while initial negative anomalies of soil moisture are accompanied by the initial negative, but much stronger, E anomalies, as found in past studies performed with general circulation models. In addition, the implications of the spin-up for numerical weather prediction and climate simulation are discussed.
Inferring the diabatic heat and moisture forcing of the atmosphere from assimilated data

Abstract Different estimates of the global-scale diabatic sources and sinks of atmospheric heat and moisture, obtained from a data assimilation system of the ECMWF, are examined. Estimates arrived at using the budget method are compared with those given by the center's forecast model during very short range integrations. Integrations and initialized analyses for February 1979, produced in the mid-1980s in a reassimilation of the final FGGE lIb dataset, are used as a database. The results are specific to the particular assimilation system used in the reassimilation. All estimates yield qualitatively equivalent and meteorologically reasonable vertical integrals. For the moisture forcing, the vertical distributions are also similar. This is not true for the diabatic heating. In the Tropics, the model's physics gives strong cooling in the lower troposphere, where the budget method implies heating. This unrealistic cooling is present even in regions of intense net condensation. Quantitatively, both the heat an.
The Effects of Shape on Crystal Settling and on the Rheology of Magmas

The effects of the shape of phenocrysts on their settling velocity and on the rheology of magmas are discussed. Spherical crystals fall at a velocity given by Stokes law and need to be present in large concentrations before they have a marked effect on the viscosity of a suspension. Elongate crystals fall at a much smaller velocity, which may be determined from the formulas and graphs given herein. Such elongate crystals can have a dramatic effect on the viscosity of a suspension even at low volume fractions. Suspended crystals and bubbles will not impart a yield stress to the magma unless they form a touching network across the entire suspension. It is suggested, therefore, that most previous inferences of a yield stress in subliquidus magmas are erroneous. Measurements of the subliquidus rheology of magmas need to be accompanied by careful characterization of the microstructure and distribution of the solid phase, on which such rheologies critically depend.
Long-term Risk of Hospitalization for Somatic Diseases in Survivors of Adolescent or Young Adult Cancer.

IMPORTANCE Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers are at risk for treatment-induced late adverse effects; however, to our knowledge, the long-term risk of hospitalization in this specific group of cancer survivors has not been thoroughly evaluated. OBJECTIVE To examine relative and absolute excess risk for hospitalizations up to 34 years after diagnosis of adolescent and young adult cancer compared with population comparisons. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cohort study, conducted in Denmark, of 33,555 five-year survivors of adolescent or young adult cancer, diagnosed from 1943 through 2004, when they were 15 to 39 years of age, and 228,447 population comparisons, matched to the survivors by sex and year of birth. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cancer survivors and comparisons were followed up for hospitalizations in the Danish Patient Register through December 2010. Standardized hospitalization rate ratios (RRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs) were calculated. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 14 years, we identified 53,032 hospitalizations in cancer survivors, whereas 38,423 were expected, resulting in an overall RR of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.37-1.39). The data analysis was started in January 2015 and ended in June 2015. Additional data analyses requested by the reviewers were conducted in August 2015. The highest risks were found for the main diagnostic groups of diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.87-2.14), infectious and parasitic diseases (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.61-1.77), and malignant neoplasms (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.59-1.68). The overall AER was 2803 (95% CI, 2712-2893) per 100,000 person-years; the highest AERs were found for malignant neoplasms, diseases of digestive organs, and diseases of the circulatory system (18%, 15%, and 14% of total AER, respectively). Survivors of the 10 most common cancers in adolescents and young adults were at significantly increased risk for diseases in the 12 main diagnostic groups. The highest risks were those of survivors of leukemia (RR, 2.21; 95% CI, 2.02-2.42), brain cancer (RR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.86-2.00), and Hodgkin lymphoma (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.80-1.94). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The large number of survivors and the use of hospital discharge diagnoses made it possible to draw a comprehensive picture of the complex inpatient disease burden experienced by survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer. The findings underscore a great diversity of cancer-related health problems that physicians and patients should be knowledgeable about.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a Waveguide for Rossby Waves

Abstract Results from the Fine Resolution Antarctic Model suggest that much of the eddy activity in the Southern Ocean takes the form of eastward propagating wavelike structures, and there is evidence from altimetry that this may be true of the real Southern Ocean. In the model, eastward propagating waves in the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are separated by a sharp boundary from westward propagating waves to the north. The theory of Rossby wave interactions with a zonal, barotropic current predicts complicated behavior involving the formation of strongly nonlinear critical layers associated with Reynolds stress divergences. The ACC is neither truly zonal, nor is it barotropic, but diagnostic quantities suggested by the idealized models show similar dynamics occurring in this more complicated situation. This interaction between mean flow and Rossby waves may be crucial to understanding how the ACC interacts with bottom topography.
Association of Bone Mineral Density with Albuminuria and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate : The Dong-gu Study

Background: Kidney dysfunction and albuminuria may be associated with BMD. However, little evidence has been reported on relationships between BMD and eGFR and albuminuria. Methods: A total of 8,992 subjects aged 50 years or older participated in a survey conducted. Participants had their lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD measured by a Lunar Prodigy bone densitometer (GE, Madison, WI). Kidney function was assessed using MDRD eGFR and diagnosis of albuminuria was based on albumin-creatinine ratio. Results: ACR was negatively associated with lumbar spine and femur neck BMD in females (lumbar spine: 1.001, 0.988, 0.974 and 0.979 g/cm2, p < 0.001; femur neck: 0.796, 0.790, 0.783 and 0.782 g/cm2, p = 0.002), but not in males, after adjusting for covariates. Additionally, eGFR was shown to be negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD after adjusting for covariates (male: 1.181, 1.166, 1.152 and 1.149 g/cm2, p = 0.001; female: 0.997, 0.980, 0.979 and 0.982 g/cm2, p = 0.005), but demonstrated no association with femur BMD. Conclusions: ACR in females was negatively associated with lumbar spine and femur neck BMD, but not in males. eGFR was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD in both males and females.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF MONO-TUBE CAVITY RECEIVERS FOR DIRECT STEAM GENERATION

The ANU 500 m dish has been in operation since 2010 with a mono-tube steam cavity receiver, the SG4 system for the production of steam used for electricity generation. Dynamic modelling of this system is crucial for achieving robust control and optimised performance. This paper presents ongoing work with the dynamic modelling and simulation of a mono-tube steam cavity receiver for direct steam generation. A ray-tracing study of the heat flux distribution inside the steam receiver is used to spatially refine the model and improve its accuracy for large transients. A subdivision of the dynamic model into sub-models is proposed and a simulation is presented to support this approach. Initial modelling results show qualitative agreement with experimental data, and the model will be progressively expanded to cover the full range of possible operational scenarios.
Mobile mental health: a challenging research agenda

The field of mobile health (“m-Health”) is evolving rapidly and there is an explosive growth of psychological tools on the market. Exciting high-tech developments may identify symptoms, help individuals manage their own mental health, encourage help seeking, and provide both preventive and therapeutic interventions. This development has the potential to be an efficient cost-effective approach reducing waiting lists and serving a considerable portion of people globally (“g-Health”). However, few of the mobile applications (apps) have been rigorously evaluated. There is little information on how valid screening and assessment tools are, which of the mobile intervention apps are effective, or how well mobile apps compare to face-to-face treatments. But how feasible is rigorous scientific evaluation with the rising demands from policy makers, business partners, and users for their quick release? In this paper, developments in m-Health tools—targeting screening, assessment, prevention, and treatment—are reviewed with examples from the field of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. The academic challenges in developing and evaluating m-Health tools are being addressed. Evidence-based guidance is needed on appropriate research designs that may overcome some of the public and ethical challenges (e.g., equity, availability) and the market-driven wish to have mobile apps in the “App Store” yesterday rather than tomorrow.
Choosing a Spanning Tree for the Integer Lattice Uniformly

Consider the nearest neighbor graph for the integer lattice Zd in d dimensions. For a large finite piece of it, consider choosing a spanning tree for that piece uniformly among all possible subgraphs that are spanning trees. As the piece gets larger, this approaches a limiting measure on the set of spanning graphs for Zd. This is shown to be a tree if and only if d < 4. In this case, the tree has only one topological end, that is, there are no doubly infinite paths. When d 2 5 the spanning forest has infinitely many components almost surely, with each component having one or two topological ends.
Characterizing respiratory waveform regularity and associated thoraco-abdominal asynchrony during sleep using respiratory inductive plethysmography

Assessment of breathing in polysomnographic studies is commonly performed by measuring ribcage and abdominal movements using respiratory inductive plethysmographic (RIP) effort sensors, in addition to nasal/oral airflow measurements. This paper aims to analyse RIP signals in healthy children for the degree of respiratory regularity across sleep stages. We quantified (a) respiratory waveform regularity by computing the percentage of low frequency energy (%LFE) using a wavelet-based approach and (b) associated thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (TAA) by computing the phase deviation between the ribcage and abdominal signals using a Hilbert transform approach, and examined the influence of sleep stages on these measures. Five minute segments of quiet breathing data during stage 2, 4 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep were extracted. The %LFE contained in the frequency range of 0.02 to 0.05 Hz was computed from the ribcage signal and TAA was calculated between corresponding ribcage and abdominal excursions. Sleep stage effects were significant for both measures with REM sleep exhibiting the greatest respiratory waveform irregularity and asynchrony compared to NREM sleep stages 2 and 4. Also TAA and %LFE were significantly correlated in REM sleep [r=0.625 p<;0.01], suggesting that the lower the coordination between ribcage and abdominal compartments, the larger the respiratory waveform irregularities. To conclude, the proposed non-invasive asynchrony and regularity analysis of RIP breathing signals provides insight into respiratory mechanics during sleep in normal healthy children.