Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin according to initial dosing regimen in pediatric patients

Purpose This study aimed to determine the optimal initial vancomycin dose to achieve appropriate trough levels in pediatric patients. Methods We analyzed clinical data for 309 children treated with intravenous vancomycin between 2004 and 2009 at 2 different hospitals in South Korea. The patients were 1-16 years old and exhibited normal renal function. Patient data, including reason for treatment and initial dosing regimen, were reviewed. Two subgroups were identified and compared according to initial vancomycin dose: 40 (35-45) mg/kg/day and 60 (55-65) mg/kg/day. Trough levels were obtained at steady state after at least 4 doses of vancomycin. Results Patients who received vancomycin had post-operation or wound-related infections (37.2%), localized infection (12.9%), catheter-related infections (9.4%), meningitis (8.7%), or endocarditis (6.8%). Pathogens were confirmed in 79 cases: 28 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.4%) and 25 of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (31.6%). Out of the 309 patients, 201 (65%) received vancomycin at 40 mg/kg/day and 108 (35%) at 60 mg/kg/day. Average trough concentrations were significantly different between the groups (P<0.001). Trough levels over 10 mg/L were less likely to be achieved in the 40 mg/kg/day group (14%) than in the 60 mg/kg/day group (49%) (P<0.001). There were no differences in renal function deterioration between the groups. Conclusion A common vancomycin dosing regimen, 40 mg/kg/day, was not high enough to achieve trough levels of over 10 mg/L in pediatric patients. Careful drug monitoring must be performed, and increasing initial dose of vancomycin should be considered in pediatric patients.
SemEval-2010 Task 17: All-words Word Sense Disambiguation on a Specific Domain

Domain portability and adaptation of NLP components and Word Sense Disambiguation systems present new challenges. The difficulties found by supervised systems to adapt might change the way we assess the strengths and weaknesses of supervised and knowledgebased WSD systems. Unfortunately, all existing evaluation datasets for specific domains are lexical-sample corpora. With this paper we want to motivate the creation of an allwords test dataset for WSD on the environment domain in several languages, and present the overall design of this SemEval task.
Induction at 41 weeks increases the risk of caesarean section in a hospital with a low rate of caesarean sections

Objective: To analyse the impact of a change in the management of prolonged pregnancies from inducing labour at 42+0 to induction at 410–6. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Analysis of 3563 single pregnancies with cephalic presentation of ≥ 41 weeks of gestation delivered in Cruces University Hospital (Spain). Two cohorts were compared corresponding to before and after the change in the policy on induction. Main outcome measures: Induction rate, vaginal delivery rate, newborn morbidity and mortality. Results: The overall rate of caesarean sections in the patients included in the study was 12.8% (19.5% among those induced and 8.4% among those in whom the onset of labour has been spontaneous). The caesarean section rate in cohorts 410–6 and 42+0 were 14.1% and 11.4%, respectively (p = 0.01). Though there were more newborns with umbilical cord blood ph<7.10 in cohort 410–6 than in the other group (8.7% versus 4.5%; p < 0.01), no significant differences were found between cohorts in 5-min Apgar score < 7, number of admissions to the neonatal care unit or perinatal mortality. Conclusion: The induction of labour during week 41 in prolonged pregnancies may increase the rate of caesarean sections in hospitals with low rates of caesarean sections.
A meta-synthesis describing the relationships between patients, informal caregivers and health professionals in home-care settings.

AIM The present study describes, through a meta-synthesis, the relationship between patients, informal caregivers and health professionals involved in home care. BACKGROUND Today, many people receive help from health care professionals in their homes with the consequence that, for many health care professionals, their working place is the patients' homes. Research that addresses the dynamics in the caring relationship in home care seems to be rare. DESIGN A meta-synthesis is an integrated interpretation of qualitative research findings, which is more substantive than the results from each individual investigation. METHOD We performed a systematic literature search regarding studies published during the period 1992-2005, using the search terms home nursing, professional and home health care. The included studies described relations in a home care context, between health professionals and patients or relations between health professionals, patients and their informal caregivers published in the same study. RESULTS The findings showed that when professionals entered people's home, the private area changed. The study presents an interpretation of the changed meanings of home as the place and space for professional care. We described the meanings of the relationship in two main themes with subthemes. The main themes are 'being there' and 'home care as a co-creation'. The understanding of relationships in home care is seen as the development of a professional friendship. This concept is reflected on through the writings of Aristotle and Alberoni. CONCLUSION To address these concerns, it is important that home care providers, recipients and their family members develop friendships. These friendships should be a part of any professional relationship. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE When health professionals enter patients' homes, they have to be aware of the risk of transgressing borders of privacy. In addition, devaluing patients' or their informal caregivers' knowledge and their opinions about the care is interpreted as an exercise of institutional power.
Right auditory dysfunction during acute Leber ’ s hereditary optic neuropathy harboring the 14484 mtDNA mutation : a case report

Puspose: We report a case of a 17-year-old man who developed right auditory dysfunction, one month after the onset of visual loss caused by Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods: A full examination including a blood Mitochondrial DNA examination, auditory assessment and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were performed during the acute stage of the Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Results: A blood examination coexisted m.11969G>A, m.10398A>G and m.14484T>C mitochondrial DNA mutations. The right auditory assessment indicated auditory dysfunction. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal in the bilateral prechiasmal optic nerve. Conclusions: The association between LHON and auditory dysfunction had been suggested more than case reports, however, to our knowledge, the unilateral auditory dysfunction has not been previously reported during the acute stage of visual loss in patients with LHON harboring T14484C.
TGF‐β induces novel Lef‐1 splice variants through a Smad‐independent signaling pathway

The lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor (Lef‐1) transcription factor is best known for the ability to transduce Wnt signals during development and to mediate excessive Wnt signaling in certain types of cancer. We recently identified and characterized a novel Wnt‐like effect of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) on β‐catenin, the binding partner of Lef‐1. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of TGF‐β on expression of the Lef/T‐cell–specific transcription factor (TCF) components of the Wnt pathway. We found that TGF‐β markedly induced Lef‐1 mRNA expression in cell lines originating from fetal lung (Mv1Lu) and newborn skin (Balb/MK), tissues that normally express Lef‐1 during development. Lef‐1 induction was temporally related to but independent of TGF‐β–induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the induction of Lef‐1 was independent of both new protein synthesis and Smad‐mediated signaling. Using TGF‐β–treated Mv1Lu cells, we identified multiple splice forms of Lef‐1, including novel variants that lack both exons 2 and 3. We conclude that the induction of Lef‐1 has permissive effects on the well‐characterized TGF‐β signal that inhibits c‐myc expression and induces a G1 arrest. Developmental Dynamics 232:969–978, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radio frequency induced hyperthermia mediated by dextran stabilized LSMO nanoparticles: in vitro evaluation of heat shock protein response

Dextran stabilized La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3 (Dex-LSMO) is an alternative cancer hyperthermia agent holding considerable promise. Here, we have carried out a comparative study on radio frequency (∼264 kHz) induced Dex-LSMO mediated heating and extraneous heating (mimicking generalized hyperthermia) in terms of changes in the morphology, proliferation pattern and induction of heat shock proteins in a human melanoma cell line (A375). Our results clearly show that the cellular effects seen with extraneous heating (60 min at 43 °C) could be reproduced by just six minutes of radio frequency induced Dex-LSMO mediated heating. More importantly, the observed enhanced levels of HSP 70 and 90 (molecular markers of heat shock that trigger favorable immunological reactions) seen with Dex-LSMO mediated heating were comparable to extraneous heating. These results suggest the possible utility of Dex-LSMO as a cancer hyperthermia agent.
HELMINTH INFRACOMMUNITIES OF GALLOTIA CAESARIS CAESARIS AND GALLOTIA CAESARIS GOMERAE (SAURIA: LACERTIDAE) FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS (EASTERN ATLANTIC)

A survey of gastrointestinal helminth communities of Gallotia caesaris caesaris (Lehrs, 1914) and G. c. gomerae (Boettger and Müller, 1914), from the islands of El Hierro and La Gomera, respectively, in the Canary Archipelago, Spain, was conducted to determine the prevalence, intensity, and diversity of intestinal parasites of these lacertid lizards. Larval forms of cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans were found in the body cavity of G. c. caesaris; this lizard is the intermediate or paratenic host in the life cycle of these helminths. Pharyngodonid nematodes were the most common intestinal helminths in both hosts, 4 of them being Gallotia spp. specialists. Helminth infracommunities of both hosts were depauperate and isolationist, according to the low values of helminth diversity.
Sidh - a Game Based Firefighter Training Simulation

This paper presents Sidh-a game based firefighter training simulator developed in cooperation between the University ofSkvde and the Swedish Rescue Services Agency. Sidh is based on computer game hardware and software solutions but adds a novel interaction model and gameplay specifically developed for the purpose of training firefighters. The simulator environment is a cave where the player is interacting with the game through a set of sensors. Players move in the virtual world by movements in the physical world and a substantial physical effort is required to accomplish game tasks. Sidh has been used in a feasibility study where 31 firefighter students have been playing the game and the performance of these students as well as their reflections from using the game have been analyzed. Results from this study show that Sidh is a useful complement to traditional training methods and that the subjects give very high grades on the entertainment value of the game which indicate that this form of training may be self-motivating which is an important issue for voluntary, after-hours training.
Time to Scale: Generalizable Affect Detection for Tens of Thousands of Students across An Entire School Year

We developed generalizable affect detectors using 133,966 instances of 18 affective states collected from 69,174 students who interacted with an online math learning platform called Algebra Nation over the entire school year. To enable scalability and generalizability, we used generic interaction features (e.g., viewing a video, taking a quiz), which do not require specialized sensors and are domain- and (to a certain extent) system-independent. We experimented with standard classifiers, recurrent neural networks, and genetically evolved neural networks for affect modeling. Prediction accuracies, quantified with Spearman's rho, were modest and ranged from . 08 (for surprise) to . 34 (for happiness) with a mean of . 25. Our model trained on Algebra students generalized to a different set of Geometry students (n = 28,458) on the same platform. We discuss implications for scaling up affect detection for affect-sensitive online learning environments which aim to improve engagement and learning by detecting and responding to student affect.
Contribution of Subunits to Caenorhabditis elegans Levamisole-Sensitive Nicotinic Receptor Function

Caenorhabditis elegans muscle contains seven different nicotinic receptor (AChR) subunits, five of which have been shown to be components of adult levamisole-sensitive AChRs (L-AChRs). To elucidate the reason for such subunit diversity, we explore their functional roles in larva 1 (L1) muscle cells. Single-channel and macroscopic current recordings reveal that the α-type LEV-8 subunit is a component of native L1 L-AChRs but behaves as a nonessential subunit. It plays a key role in maintaining a low rate and extent of desensitization of L-AChRs. In the absence of the α-type ACR-8 subunit, L-AChR channel properties are not modified, thus indicating that ACR-8 is not a component of L1 L-AChRs. Together with our previous findings, this study reveals that L1 muscle cells express a main L-AChR type composed of five different subunits: UNC-38, UNC-63, UNC-29, LEV-1, and LEV-8. Analysis of a double lev-8; acr-8–null mutant, which shows an uncoordinated and levamisole-resistant phenotype, reveals that ACR-8 can replace LEV-8 in its absence, thus attributing a functional role to this subunit. Docking into homology modeled L-AChRs proposes that ACh forms the typical cation-π interaction, suggests why levamisole is less efficacious than ACh, and shows that ACR-8 can form activatable binding-sites, thus opening doors for elucidating subunit arrangement and anthelmintic selectivity.
A Simple Model of the Bare Soil Microwave Emission at L-Band

A simple reflectivity model of a bare soil at L-band is developed to account for the effects of soil roughness at different angles and polarizations. This model was developed using a long-term dataset acquired over the bare soil in the framework of the Surface Monitoring Of the Soil Reservoir EXperiment (SMOSREX). It is shown that the roughness effects are different depending on the measurement configuration, in terms of incidence angle and polarization. However, in this paper, a simple parameterization that is based on a single roughness parameter was calibrated in order to account for this angular and polarization dependencies. This parameter was found to be dependent on soil moisture: drier conditions were associated to higher ldquoroughnessrdquo conditions. The root-mean-square error between the measured and modeled reflectivities on days when no precipitation events were detected at vertical polarization (V-pol) is 0.0275, and at horizontal polarization (H-pol), the rmse is 0.0237; all incidence angles were considered. When all data are considered, the rmsd for V-pol is 0.0350, and for H-pol, the rmse is 0.0373. This new simple model is suitable for soil moisture retrieval from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity data. By means of this simple parameterization, almost two years of soil moisture data were retrieved with a good accuracy. The SMOSREX dataset allowed to ensure a long-term suitability of the proposed parameterization.
Discovering Basic Emotion Sets via Semantic Clustering on a Twitter Corpus

A plethora of words are used to describe the spectrum of human emotions, but how many emotions are there really, and how do they interact? Over the past few decades, several theories of emotion have been proposed, each based around the existence of a set of 'basic emotions', and each supported by an extensive variety of research including studies in facial expression, ethology, neurology and physiology. Here we present research based on a theory that people transmit their understanding of emotions through the language they use surrounding emotion keywords. Using a labelled corpus of over 21,000 tweets, six of the basic emotion sets proposed in existing literature were analysed using Latent Semantic Clustering (LSC), evaluating the distinctiveness of the semantic meaning attached to the emotional label. We hypothesise that the more distinct the language is used to express a certain emotion, then the more distinct the perception (including proprioception) of that emotion is, and thus more 'basic'. This allows us to select the dimensions best representing the entire spectrum of emotion. We find that Ekman's set, arguably the most frequently used for classifying emotions, is in fact the most semantically distinct overall. Next, taking all analysed (that is, previously proposed) emotion terms into account, we determine the optimal semantically irreducible basic emotion set using an iterative LSC algorithm. Our newly-derived set (Accepting, Ashamed, Contempt, Interested, Joyful, Pleased, Sleepy, Stressed) generates a 6.1% increase in distinctiveness over Ekman's set (Angry, Disgusted, Joyful, Sad, Scared). We also demonstrate how using LSC data can help visualise emotions. We introduce the concept of an Emotion Profile and briefly analyse compound emotions both visually and mathematically.
Antimicrobial Silver Nanomaterials Synthesized by HVPCG Technique

Triangular silver nanoplates, of different orientations, and other nanostructures were successfully synthesized using the Horizontal Vapor Phase Crystal (HVPC) Growth technique for antimicrobial purposes in this study. This finding demonstrates HVPC as an alternative and simple technique to synthesize ordered silver nanomaterials for antimicrobial study. Keyword —alternative method, antimicrobial, evaporation-condensation process, framework building, top-down technique, silver nanomaterials, solid route
General non-asymptotic and asymptotic formulas in channel resolvability and identification capacity and their application to wire-tap channel

Several non-asymptotic formulas are established in channel resolvability and identification capacity, and they are applied to wire-tap channel. By using these formulas, the $\epsilon$ capacities of the above three problems are considered in the most general setting, where no structural assumptions such as the stationary memoryless property are made on a channel. As a result, we solve an open problem proposed in Han & Verdu and Han. Moreover, we obtain lower bounds of the exponents of error probability and the wire-tapper's information in wire-tap channel.
Nanoshells to nanoeggs to nanocups: optical properties of reduced symmetry core–shell nanoparticles beyond the quasistatic limit

The plasmonic properties of metallodielectric nanoparticles exhibit a highly sensitive dependence on geometry, due to the interaction between primitive plasmon modes associated with the surfaces of the nanoparticle. Changes in nanoparticle geometry that reduce symmetry alter the interactions between plasmon modes and give rise to modified, and altogether new, plasmonic features. Here, we have examined the near- and far-field optical properties of three variants of a core–shell nanoparticle: nanoshells, nanoeggs and nanocups. Nanoshells, consisting of a spherical silica core coated with a thin gold shell, convert to ‘nanoeggs' by offsetting the core within the shell. Offsets of the core greater than the thickness of the shell layer, where the core pierces the shell, result in ‘nanocups'. The absorption and scattering spectra of a nanoegg reveal the emergence of multipolar peaks strongly redshifted relative to those of nanoshells and larger near-field enhancements. The wavelength of maximum field enhancement increases with increasing core offset, distinct from the dipole resonance of the nanoparticle. For larger nanoeggs beyond the quasistatic regime, variations in the relative contribution of scattering and absorption to the nanoparticle extinction depend upon both the core–shell offset and on overall particle size. These observations may lead to new opportunities to tailor near- and far-field properties of plasmonic nanoparticles for specific applications, such as high performance surface-enhanced spectroscopy, bioimaging and nanoparticle-based therapeutics.
Requirement for T-bet in the aberrant differentiation of unhelped memory CD8+ T cells

Immunity to intracellular pathogens requires dynamic balance between terminal differentiation of short-lived, cytotoxic effector CD8+ T cells and self-renewal of central–memory CD8+ T cells. We now show that T-bet represses transcription of IL-7Rα and drives differentiation of effector and effector–memory CD8+ T cells at the expense of central–memory cells. We also found T-bet to be overexpressed in CD8+ T cells that differentiated in the absence of CD4+ T cell help, a condition that is associated with defective central–memory formation. Finally, deletion of T-bet corrected the abnormal phenotypic and functional properties of “unhelped” memory CD8+ T cells. T-bet, thus, appears to function as a molecular switch between central– and effector–memory cell differentiation. Antagonism of T-bet may, therefore, represent a novel strategy to offset dysfunctional programming of memory CD8+ T cells.
High-Density Substrate Mapping in Brugada Syndrome: Combined Role of Conduction and Repolarization Heterogeneities in Arrhythmogenesis

Background— Two principal mechanisms are thought to be responsible for Brugada syndrome (BS): (1) right ventricular (RV) conduction delay and (2) RV subepicardial action potential shortening. This in vivo high-density mapping study evaluated the conduction and repolarization properties of the RV in BS subjects. Methods and Results— A noncontact mapping array was positioned in the RV of 18 BS patients and 20 controls. Using a standard S1-S2 protocol, restitution curves of local activation time and activation recovery interval were constructed to determine local maximal restitution slopes. Significant regional conduction delays in the anterolateral free wall of the RV outflow tract of BS patients were identified. The mean increase in delay was 3-fold greater in this region than in control (P=0<0.001). Local activation gradient was also maximally reduced in this area: 0.33±0.1 (mean±SD) mm/ms in BS patients versus 0.51±0.15 mm/ms in controls (P<0.0005). The uniformity of wavefront propagation as measured by the square of the correlation coefficient, r2, was greater in BS patients versus controls (0.94±0.04 versus 0.89±0.09 [mean±SD]; P<0.05). The odds ratio of BS hearts having any RV segment with maximal restitution slope >1 was 3.86 versus controls. Five episodes of provoked ventricular tachycardia arose from wave breaks originating from RV outflow tract slow-conduction zones in 5 BS patients. Conclusions— Marked regional endocardial conduction delay and heterogeneities in repolarization exist in BS. Wave break in areas of maximal conduction delay appears to be critical in the initiation and maintenance of ventricular tachycardia. These data indicate that further studies of mapping BS to identify slow-conduction zones should be considered to determine their role in spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias.