Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visiting a Farm: An Exploratory Study of the Social Construction of Animal Farming in Norway and the Netherlands based on Sensory Perception

Most citizens in modern societies have little personal knowledge or experience of animal farming. This study explores the social construction of animal farming by studying how citizens perceive and evaluate modern farming after visiting a farm in real life. We wanted to understand how (non-farming) citizens develop an opinion of modern dairy farming when experiencing dairy farming in real life and practice, and how they translate what they see, smell and feel into an evaluative perception and mental image. We therefore conducted dairy farm visits with citizen panels in Norway and the Netherlands and asked the panel members to register what they saw, heard, smelled and felt and what they appreciated (or not) on the farm. The aspects that respondents registered could be grouped into four themes: the animals and their products, the rural landscape, farm practices and the farmer. When respondents described their experiences of these aspects on a specific farm, they appeared to look at them from three angles: modernity, tradition and naturality. Most respondents wanted farms to be modern, traditional as well as natural, but they were ready to negotiate and to accept compromises. Many respondents considered the farmer to be responsible for reconciling modernity, tradition and naturality. By taking different topics and issues into account and looking at animal farms from multiple angles, the respondents’ developed a balanced and nuanced opinion of animal farming. The image that they constructed was not dualistic (arcadia versus factory) but pluralistic, thus at the same time more complex but also more flexible than expected. We expect that the development of a pluralistic image and balanced opinion was facilitated through the direct experience of dairy farming and farm life. The article starts with a theoretical analysis and aims to contribute to recent debates in rural sociology in two ways: 1) it studies how material experience and mental perception interact in the construction of an evaluative image of animal farming; and 2) it explores the social construction of animal farming as embedded into to the construction of nature, rurality and human-animal relationships. It concludes by discussing the contribution of the findings to the ongoing theoretical debate in this field
Pupil Rating of Secondary School Teachers

THE aims of the present study were as follows: (1) to determine how reliable and how valid are the pupil ratings of junior and senior high school teachers; (2) to determine how much agreement there is between the ratings of teachers by junior and senior high school pupils and administrators; and (3) to determine the effect upon ratings of such factors as (a) pupil mental ability as determined by standardized intelligence tests; (b) marks received by the rater from the teacher rated; and (c) sex of the pupils and teachers.
The role of neurotrophic factors in the pathology and treatment of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of primary autoimmune origin with essential component of subsequent axonal degeneration. It has been found that inflammatory cells crucial for MS pathogenesis are able to release neurotrophic factors (NFs). Thus the concept of neuroprotective effect of inflammation has arisen. Over recent years, increasing number of studies has revealed that NFs play an important role in MS and its animal model — experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the current review the evidence for the role of NFs in MS pathogenesis the same as their remarkable potential in MS therapy is presented.
Bodily pleasure matters: velocity of touch modulates body ownership during the rubber hand illusion

The sense of body ownership represents a fundamental aspect of our self-consciousness. Influential experimental paradigms, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), in which a seen rubber hand is experienced as part of one's body when one's own unseen hand receives congruent tactile stimulation, have extensively examined the role of exteroceptive, multisensory integration on body ownership. However, remarkably, despite the more general current interest in the nature and role of interoception in emotion and consciousness, no study has investigated how the illusion may be affected by interoceptive bodily signals, such as affective touch. Here, we recruited 52 healthy, adult participants and we investigated for the first time, whether applying slow velocity, light tactile stimuli, known to elicit interoceptive feelings of pleasantness, would influence the illusion more than faster, emotionally-neutral, tactile stimuli. We also examined whether seeing another person's hand vs. a rubber hand would reduce the illusion in slow vs. fast stroking conditions, as interoceptive signals are used to represent one's own body from within and it is unclear how they would be integrated with visual signals from another person's hand. We found that slow velocity touch was perceived as more pleasant and it produced higher levels of subjective embodiment during the RHI compared with fast touch. Moreover, this effect applied irrespective of whether the seen hand was a rubber or a confederate's hand. These findings provide support for the idea that affective touch, and more generally interoception, may have a unique contribution to the sense of body ownership, and by implication to our embodied psychological “self. ”
Current Publication Lags in Economics Journals

PHE ECONOMICS PROFESSION depends, to a large degree, upon its scholarly journals to disseminate the results and applications of its recently completed research. The Journal of Economic Literature is, in fact, evidence of that dependence; much of the contents of each issue is devoted to an indexing of the current articles to facilitate both access to primary sources and quick cross-referencing with related material. But how recent are the results reported in the current literature? How long does it usually take for a piece of research to evolve from a submitted manuscript to a published article? To my knowledge, only one study has confronted this question directly, and it was published nearly 15 years ago. In that study, Robert Coe and Irwin Weinstock (1967, p. 40) reported an average lag between submission and publication of 250 days (8.2 months) for articles published in 1966. What has happened since? There are no formal surveys to support the suspicion, but there is evidence to suggest that the lags have actually increased. Some journals have begun to charge submission fees ostensibly to reduce the number of manuscripts they must review. A plethora of specialized journals have emerged to provide new outlets for specialized papers and to relieve some of the burden from the traditional journals of more general scope. One new journal, Economics Letters, has been founded completely in response to the lag problem; it publishes short papers as quickly as possible in an effort to distribute at least the thrust of current research without a prolonged waiting period. All of these responses to long lags lead to one question: how severe are the current lags between submission and publication? This brief note will report on the results of a survey that can begin to assess the current magnitude of the lag problem, the major components of that problem, and the success of the various efforts to alleviate it. Information about the lags involved in the 40 most recently published articles in each journal was solicited from the editors of 66 journals whose contents are routinely recorded in the JEL. Twenty editors responded directly to the request, and their reports formed the foundation of this study. Seven other journals were also in-
Interactive reflection editing

Effective digital content creation tools must be both efficient in the interactions they provide but also allow full user control. There may be occasions, when art direction requires changes that contradict physical laws. In particular, it is known that physical correctness of reflections for the human observer is hard to assess. For many centuries, traditional artists have exploited this fact to depict reflections that lie outside the realm of physical possibility. However, a system that gives explicit control of this effect to digital artists has not yet been described. This paper introduces a system that transforms physically correct reflections into art-directed reflections, as specified by reflection constraints. The system introduces a taxonomy of reflection editing operations, using an intuitive user interface, that works directly on the reflecting surfaces with real-time visual feedback using a GPU. A user study shows how such a system can allow users to quickly manipulate reflections according to an art direction task.
The Born and lens–lens corrections to weak gravitational lensing angular power spectra

We revisit the estimation of higher order corrections to the angular power spectra of weak gravitational lensing. Extending a previous calculation of Cooray and Hu, we find two additional terms to the fourth order in potential perturbations of large-scale structure corresponding to corrections associated with the Born approximation and the neglect of line-of-sight coupling of two foreground lenses in the standard first order result. These terms alter the convergence (κκ), the lensing shear E-mode (ϵϵ), and their cross-correlation (κϵ) power spectra on large angular scales, but leave the power spectra of the lensing shear B-mode (ββ) and rotational (ωω) component unchanged as compared to previous estimates. The new terms complete the calculation of corrections to weak lensing angular power spectra associated with both the Born approximation and the lens–lens coupling to an order in which the contributions are most significant. Taking these features together, we find that these corrections are unimportant for any weak lensing survey, including for a full sky survey limited by cosmic variance.
A Preliminary Psychometric Investigation on the Relational Approach to Work Scale

The aim of this research is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Relational Approach to Work Scale (Matthew, Buontempo & Block, 2013). The participants of research were 294 (168 female and 126 male) university students. Results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the scale yielded 2 factors, as original form: (relational and independent; x² = 999.43, df= 273, RMSEA= .095, CFI= .96, IFI= .96, NFI= .95, RFI= .94, NNFI= .96, SRMR= .067). The internal consistency coefficients were found as . 93 for the relational subscale and as . 91 for the independent subscale. The corrected item-total correlations of the scale ranged from . 54 to . 76. Overall findings demonstrated that this scale had high levels of validity and reliability and that it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in order to measure the approach to work accurately. Further studies utilizing Relational Approach to Work Scale are important for its psychometric effectiveness.
Parallel evaluation of multi-join queries

A number of execution strategies for parallel evaluation of multi-join queries have been proposed in the literature; their performance was evaluated by simulation. In this paper we give a comparative performance evaluation of four execution strategies by implementing all of them on the same parallel database system, PRISMA/DB. Experiments have been done up to 80 processors. The basic strategy is to first determine an execution schedule with minimum total cost and then parallelize this schedule with one of the four execution strategies. These strategies, coming from the literature, are named: Sequential Parallel, Synchronous Execution, Segmented Right-Deep, and Full Parallel. Based on the experiments clear guidelines are given when to use which strategy.
Stand Up Against Bullies: Strategies for Elementary School Children

The problem under investigation is bullying in schools and how it negatively affects everyone involved in the bullying situation. The Stand Up Against Bullies program was evaluated and implemented. The total number of the sample was 86 students. The total number of males was 46 and the total number of females was 40. The total number of 4 th grade students was 42 and the total number of 5 th grade students was 44. A pre-test was administered to measure the student’s previous and present experience with being bullied and what information they knew on how to effectively handle a bullying situation. The Stand Up Against Bullies program was implemented thereafter. A post-test was administered to measure again what information they knew on how to effectively handle a bullying situation. The present study showed that boys are bullied more then girls and that 4 th grade reported being bullied more then 5 th grade students. The percentages of correct responses in the pre and post-test show the effectiveness of the program. Implications for future research and school counselors were addressed.
The Practice of Child Therapy

Preface. About the Editors and Contributors. I.INTRODUCTION. 1.Historical Context of Child Therapy, Richard J. Morris, Thomas R. Kratochwill. II.INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR DISORDERS. 2.Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Jesse B. Milby, Shirley L. Robinson, Stephanie Daniel. 3.Childhood Depression, Nadine J. Kaslow, Mary K. Morris, Lynn P. Rehm. 4.Childhood Fears and Phobias, Richard J. Morris, Thomas R. Kratochwill. 5.Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, George J. DuPaul, Russell A. Barkley. 6.Academic Problems, John Wills Lloyd, Daniel P. Hallahan, James M. Kauffman, Clayton E. Keller. 7.Conduct Disorder, AIan E. Kazdin. 8.Somatic Disorders, Lawrence J. Siegel. 9.Childhood Autism, Marjorie H. Charlop-Christy, Laura Schreibman, Karen Pierce, Patricia F. Kurtz. 10.Mentally Retarded Children, Johnny L. Matson, Heather Applegate, Brandi Smiroldo, Sydney Stallings. 11.Children Medically At Risk, Lawrence J. Siegel. 12.Sexual and Other Abuse of Children, Judith V. Becker, Barbara Bonner. 13.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Philip A. Saigh. III.ISSUES AND CONCERNS REGARDING INTERVENTION. 14.An Overview of Psychopharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents, John C. Pomeroy, Kenneth D. Gadow. 15.Integrating Behavioral Informatics Into the Practice of Child Therapy, Ron L. Meredith, Steven L. Bair, Greg R. Ford, Richard J. Morris. 16.Prevention, Jeffrey P. Braden, A. Dirk Hightower. 17.Informed Consent, Confidentiality, and Duty to Report Laws in the Conduct of Child Therapy, Mark B. DeKraai, Bruce Sales, Susan R. Hall. Author Index. Subject Index.
Surgical myectomy improves pulmonary hypertension in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

AIMS Characterization of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the effects of myectomy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain poorly defined. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of myectomy on PH in HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective analysis of 306 consecutive symptomatic HCM patients (70% NYHA class III-IV) with evaluation of echocardiographic right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) both preceding (median 3 days) and following (median 4 days) myectomy. Compared with patients without PH (RVSP <35 mmHg, n = 145, 47%), patients with moderate or severe PH (RVSP ≥50 mmHg, n = 51, 17%) were older, predominantly female, had a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation, higher natriuretic peptide levels, higher left ventricular outflow tract gradient, higher E velocity, and larger left atria. Reduction of RVSP post-myectomy was evident in patients with moderate or severe PH [59 (IQR 54-71) to 50 (IQR 39-62) mmHg, P < 0.0001] and in all patients with PH [RVSP ≥ 35 mmHg, n = 161, 43 (IQR 39-54) to 41 (IQR 35-52) mmHg, P < 0.0001]. In a subgroup of patients with long-term data, PH continued to decline during follow-up. Clinical variables associated with improvement in PH in these patients were higher left atrial volume index (R = 0.43, P = 0.0069) and moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (R = 0.33, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Surgical myectomy is associated with improvement in PH, most pronounced in moderate or severe PH. These data provide insight into pulmonary haemodynamics following obstruction relief and can help to guide therapeutic expectations.
Models of Resilience: Developing Psychosocial Interventions for Parents of Children with Chronic Health Conditions

Research regarding family adaption and resilience in children with chronic health conditions has resulted in the development of a number of theoretical models and data-driven psychosocial interventions in the field of pediatric psychology, some of which may not be well known in the field of family science. These models incorporate family systems theory and multiple resiliency factors within their framework to better describe the complex process of adaptation and subsequent adjustment outcomes. In this article, three contemporary resilience models within pediatric psychology are briefly reviewed and discussed. The development of a psychosocial intervention targeting uncertainty management for caregivers of children with cancer and the preliminary results are also presented as an exemplar of how such models may utilized to build interventions. Finally, the implications of the authors' findings and future research directions involving psychosocial interventions for families of children with chronic health conditions are discussed.
Black renal transplant recipients have poorer long-term graft survival than CYP3A5 expressers from other ethnic groups.

BACKGROUND African American transplant recipients have poorer long-term outcomes than Caucasian Americans. This difference was not found in French patients, suggesting socialized medicine overcame this disparity. It has also been hypothesized that the difference relates to the higher prevalence of Black individuals who express the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5), with consequent altered handling of immunosuppressive drugs. METHODS Records of 555 (50 Black; 505 non-Black) sequential renal transplant recipients from a single UK centre were analysed. RESULTS Outcomes were significantly worse for Black patients: death-censored graft survival (5-year 66% versus 87%, P = 0.001); halving of year one estimated glomerular filtration rate (mean 8.8 versus 10.8 years, P = 0.008); first-year graft loss (12% versus 3.8%, P = 0.02); and death-censored graft survival in patients surviving the first year with functioning grafts (5-year 77% versus 94%, P = 0.02). Death-censored 5-year graft survival was poorer in Black CYP3A5 expressers than in non-Black CYP3A5 expressers (62% versus 93%, P = 0.002). Following multivariate analysis, the Black group demonstrated poorer graft survival as compared to the non-Black group (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.85, P = 0.002). In a subgroup of genotyped transplant recipients, ethnicity (hazard ratio 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.64, P = 0.002), and not CYP3A5 expresser status, persists as an independent risk factor for graft survival following multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this cohort of patients with socialized medicine, Black recipients had poorer long-term outcomes than individuals from other ethnic groups. This was independent of CYP3A5 expresser status.
NORMAL CRITERIA FOR FAMILIES OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTION CONCERNING SHARED VALUES

Let k be a positive integer and let F be a family of meromorphic functions in the plane domain D all of whose zeros with multiplicity at least k. Let P = apz p + · · ·+a2z +z be a polynomial, ap, a2 6= 0 and p = deg(P ) ≥ k+2. If, for each f, g ∈ F , P (f)G(f) and P (g)G(g) share a non-zero constant b in D, where G(f) = f (k) + H(f) be a differential polynomial of f satisfying w deg |H ≤ k l+1 +1 or w(H)−deg(H) < k, then F is normal in D.
SST phases and Australian rainfall

Each month the National Climate Centre (NCC) of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology issues a Seasonal Climate Outlook (SCO) for the following three-month season. This outlook, in the form of the probability of exceeding various thresholds for rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures, is derived using discriminant analysis with large-scale patterns of sea-surface temperature as predictors (Drosdowsky and Chambers 1998; Jones 1998). An alternative seasonal forecast, based on phases of the Southern Oscillation (Stone and Auliciems 1992), is also widely available from the Queensland Department of Primary Industry (QDPI) via the internet and the commercial RAINMAN software package. This phase system is popular with users who can relate to conditions in the analogue years with similar phase to the current year. Since these forecasts are based on different predictors and different statistical methodologies, they occasionally give conflicting results. This paper describes an attempt to reconcile these differences by developing a phase system based on the SST predictors. An additional SOI analogue system, developed by Drosdowsky (1994) and based on non-linear dynamical systems theory, is also examined during the formulation of the SCO. To compare the hindcast skill of these systems a single rainfall dataset which covers the 100-year period from 1900 to 1999 with monthly temporal resolution is used. This dataset was created by the National Climate Centre (Jones and Weymouth 1997) by analysing all the available quality controlled station data onto a one-quarter degree grid using a successive correction scheme. A reduced resolution subset (at one degree spatial resolution) is used in this study. Two versions of the Global Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (GISST) developed by the UK Meteorological Office are used in this study; Version 1.1; (Parker et al. 1995), available from 1949 to 1991, and Version 3.1 (Rayner et al. 2000) from 1871 to 1997. More recent data is obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology operational SST analyses (Smith 1995). A detailed description of the SST phase system, and a comparison with the SOI phases, is presented in the next section. The forecast methodology and the evaluation of hindcast skill are then outlined in the following section, and finally, the conclusions and discussion of the results are presented. Aust. Met. Mag. 51 (2001) 1-12
Iranian Undergraduates Non-English Majors' Language Learning Preferences

For effective language learning and teaching , both learner skills and assumptions shouldbe given due attention. In promoting this idea, students should be provided with theopportunity to clarify and assess their preferences. Moved with the conviction thatlearners and learners’ preferences are of crucial importance in the development oflanguage learning, we asked 192 non-English major undergraduates to state their viewson how they prefer learning English in the “General English “ class. The wide-spreadbelief among Iranian university instructors is that in General English classes, students’language learning preferences do not differ significantly. However, the results indicatethat there is a significant difference among non-English majors’ preferences, even indifferent branches of the same major, regarding preferred teaching method, the mostimportant language skill and their motivational orientations. The results have implicationsfor syllabus and material design and classroom practice.