Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whey Protein Hydrolysate Enhances HSP90 but Does Not Alter HSP60 and HSP25 in Skeletal Muscle of Rats

Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) intake has shown to increase HSP70 expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WPH intake would also influences HSP90, HSP60 and HSP25 expression, as well as associated parameters. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (unstressed) and exercised (stressed) groups, and were fed with three different sources of protein: whey protein (WP), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and casein (CAS) as a control, based on the AIN93G diet for 3 weeks. WPH intake increased HSP90 expression in both sedentary and exercised animals compared to WP or CAS, however no alteration was found from exercise or diet to HSP60 or HSP25. Co-chaperone Aha1 and p-HSF1 were also increased in the exercised animals fed with WPH in comparison with WP or CAS, consistent with enhanced HSP90 expression. VEGF and p-AKT were increased in the WPH exercised group. No alteration was found in BCKDH, PI3-Kinase (p85), GFAT, OGT or PGC for diet or exercise. The antioxidant system GPx, catalase and SOD showed different responses to diet and exercise. The data indicate that WPH intake enhanced factors related to cell survival, such as HSP90 and VEGF, but does not alter HSP60 or HSP25 in rat skeletal muscle.
Rethinking Choices for Multi-dimensional Point Indexing: Making the Case for the Often Ignored Quadtree

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Complaints Against the Police: A Focus Group Study of Citizen Perceptions, Goals, and Expectations

This article explores citizen perceptions, goals, and expectations in filing complaints against the police. It is based on 10 focus groups representing a cross-section of a medium-sized midwestern community. Its findings confirm earlier research indicating a poor "fit" between complainant goals and complaint procedures. Although most existing complaint procedures are designed to investigate complaints of officer misconduct and to punish guilty officers, relatively few of the focus group participants indicated punishment as their goal. The majority wanted either an explanation for the incident, an apology, a face-to-face encounter with the officer, or documentation of the incident on the officer's record.
The importance of demographic adjustments on neuropsychological test performance: A response to reitan and wolf son (1995)

Abstract Recently, Reitan and Wolfson (1995) questioned the validity of using age and education adjustments in the clinical practice of neuropsychology based on a study of the effects of age and education on the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (GNDS) score. We critique their findings and conclusions on both theoretical and methodological grounds. We then present the results of a similar investigation on the effects of age and education on three different neuropsychological summary scores. In contrast to Reitan and Wolf-son's findings, in the present study age and education had similar effects on neuropsychological summary scores (GNDS, HII, and AIR) whether or not subjects were brain-damaged. Younger or more educated subjects consistently performed better than did older or less educated subjects. This was true even though correlations between age and education with neuropsychological summary scores were low and often statistically nonsignificant in both brain-damaged and pseudoneurologic samples.
High-precision multi-band measurements of the angular clustering of X-ray sources

Aims. We aim to study the large-scale structure of an extragalactic serendipitous X-ray survey with unprecedented accuracy thanks to the large statistics involved, and provide insight into t he environment of AGN at the epochs when their space density declines (z∼ 1− 2). Methods. In this paper we present the two-point angular correlation function of the X-ray source population of 1063 XMM-Newton observations at high Galactic latitudes, comprising up to ∼30000 sources over a sky area of∼125.5 deg 2 , in three energy bands: 0.5-2 (soft), 2-10 (hard), and 4.5-10 (ultrahard) keV. This is the largest survey of serendipitous X-ray sources ever used for clustering analysis. Results. We have measured the angular clustering of our survey and find significant positive clustering signals in the soft and hard bands (∼10σ and∼5σ, respectively), and a marginal clustering detection in the ultrahard band (<1σ). We find dependency of the clustering strength on the flux limit and no significant di fferences in the clustering properties between sources with high hardness ratios (and therefore likely to be obscured AGN) and those with low hardness ratios. We deprojected the angular clustering parameters via Limber’s equation to compute their typical spatial leng ths. From that we have inferred that AGN at redshifts of∼1 are embedded in dark matter haloes with typical masses ofh log MDMHi≃ 12.60± 0.34 h −1 M⊙ and lifetimes of tAGN = 3.1− 4.5× 10 8 yr. Conclusions. Our results show that obscured and unobscured objects share similar clustering properties and therefore they both resi de in similar environments, in agreement with the unified model of AGN. The short AGN lifetimes derived suggest that AGN activity might be a transient phase that can be experienced several times by a large fraction of galaxies throughout their lives.
Translating Developmental Origins: Improving the Health of Women and Their Children Using a Sustainable Approach to Behaviour Change

Theories of the developmental origins of health and disease imply that optimising the growth and development of babies is an essential route to improving the health of populations. A key factor in the growth of babies is the nutritional status of their mothers. Since women from more disadvantaged backgrounds have poorer quality diets and the worst pregnancy outcomes, they need to be a particular focus. The behavioural sciences have made a substantial contribution to the development of interventions to support dietary changes in disadvantaged women. Translation of such interventions into routine practice is an ideal that is rarely achieved, however. This paper illustrates how re-orientating health and social care services towards an empowerment approach to behaviour change might underpin a new developmental focus to improving long-term health, using learning from a community-based intervention to improve the diets and lifestyles of disadvantaged women. The Southampton Initiative for Health aimed to improve the diets and lifestyles of women of child-bearing age through training health and social care practitioners in skills to support behaviour change. Analysis illustrates the necessary steps in mounting such an intervention: building trust; matching agendas and changing culture. The Southampton Initiative for Health demonstrates that developing sustainable; workable interventions and effective community partnerships; requires commitment beginning long before intervention delivery but is key to the translation of developmental origins research into improvements in human health.
Wind Driven Induction Generator Regulation Using Ant system Approach to Takagi Sugeno Fuzzy PID Control

Ab stract: This study introduces new tuning technique for the PID control scheme and its application to regulate the voltage magnitude and the frequency of wind energy conversion system (WECS). The developed technique is stem from blending the ant system optimization method with Takagi Sugeno (T*S) fuzzy system approach. The optimum relationship between the PID controller gains and the parameters of T*S fuzzy modules is explored using Ant system algorithm. A steady*state analysis for self excited slip ring induction generator is performed. The calculated and the experimental results on 1.1 KW laboratory machine enables the control characteristics to be deduced. Different simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Finally, the response of a closed loop control scheme for WECS using chopper controlled external rotor resistance and fixed capacitor with thyristor controlled reactor shows that the proposed control approach exhibits a superior performance to that of established traditional control methods.
Adjacent Sequence Controls the Response Polarity of Nitric Oxide-sensitive Sp Factor Binding Sites*

Nitric oxide (NO•) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitors up-regulate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by decreasing Sp1 binding to a proximal GC box element. Here, elements flanking GC boxes were tested for their role in determining whether Sp sites act as activators or repressors. Promoter studies in receptive human cell lines demonstrated that NO• down-regulated endothelial NO• synthase (eNOS) but up-regulated TNFα. Like TNFα, Sp1 binding to the eNOS promoter was decreased by NO• and a PKA inhibitor, H89, and increased by a PKA activator, dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP). For either promoter, mutation of Sp sites abolished NO• responses. In contrast, mutation of an upstream AP1 site in the TNFα promoter (not present in eNOS) maintained NO• responsiveness, but reversed the direction of NO• and cAMP effects. Using artificial constructs, NO• increased transcription when Sp and AP1 sites were both present (TNFα-like response), but decreased it when the adjacent AP1 site was disrupted (eNOS-like response). NO•, H89, and Bt2cAMP were found to produce reciprocal protein binding changes at contiguous AP1 and Sp sites (p < 0.0001 for an interaction). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Sp1 and to a lesser extent Sp3 bound to the GC box regions of eNOS and TNFα in intact cells. Thus, this NO•- and cAMP-responsive regulatory module has a Sp site sensor variably coupled to an adjacent element that determines response polarity. These results define a composite element that can utilize secondary inputs to convert off signals to on, thereby conferring complex functionalities to the same DNA binding motif.
Merging information from different resources for new insights into climate change in the past and future

An understanding of climate history prior to industrialization is crucial to understanding the nature of the 20th century warming and to predicting the climate change in the near future. This study integrates the complementary information preserved in the global database of borehole temperatures [ Huang et al., 2000 ], the 20th century meteorological record [ Jones et al., 1999 ], and an annually resolved multi proxy model [ Mann et al., 1999 ] for a more complete picture of the Northern Hemisphere temperature change over the past five centuries. The integrated reconstruction shows that the 20th century warming is a continuation to a long‐term warming started before the onset of industrialization. However, the warming appears to have been accelerated towards the present day. Analysis of the reconstructed temperature and radiative forcing series [ Crowley, 2000 ] offers an independent estimate of the transient climate‐forcing response rate of 0.4–0.7 K per Wm−2 and predicts a temperature increase of 1.0–1.7 K in 50 years.
Beyond phonological skills: broader language skills contribute to the development of reading

This paper reports a study that followed the development of reading skills in 72 children from the age of 8.5 to 13 years. Each child was administered tests of reading, oral language, phonological skills and nonverbal ability at time 1 and their performance on tests of reading comprehension, word recognition, nonword decoding and exception word reading was assessed at time 2. In addition to phonological skills, three measures of non-phonological oral language tapping vocabulary knowledge and listening comprehension were unique concurrent predictors of both reading comprehension and word recognition at time 1. Importantly, all three measures of oral language skill also contributed unique variance to individual differences in reading comprehension, word recognition and exception word reading four and a half years later, even when the autoregressive effects of early reading skill were controlled. Moreover, the extent to which a child's word recognition departed from the level predicted from their decoding ability correlated with their oral language skills. These findings suggest that children's oral language proficiency, as well as their phonological skills, influences the course of reading development.
The Influence of Empowerment and Job Enrichment on Employee Loyalty in a Downsizing Environment

Maintaining survivors’ loyalty in a downsizing environment is a difficult problem for management practitioners. Theorists have suggested that empowerment and job enrichment are mechanisms that allow survivors to cope with the stress of downsizing. This study examined the relationships between managerial empowerment behaviors, perceptions of job enrichment, and loyalty behaviors with employees who have survived downsizing in an organization. Results showed that empowerment does not have a direct effect on loyalty but affects loyalty indirectly through job enrichment. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and practice.
Glucose and the Injured Brain-Monitored in the Neurointensive Care Unit

Brain has a continuous demand for energy that is met by oxidative metabolism of oxygen and glucose. This demand is compromised in the injured brain and if the inadequate supply persists it will lead to permanent tissue damage. Zero values of cerebral glucose have been associated with infarction and poor neurological outcome. Furthermore, hyperglycemia is common in patients with neurological insults and associated with poor outcome. Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to control blood glucose has been suggested and used in neurointensive care with conflicting results. This review covers the studies reporting on monitoring of cerebral glucose with microdialysis in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and ischemic stroke. Studies investigating IIT are also discussed. Available data suggest that low cerebral glucose in patients with TBI and SAH provides valuable information on development of secondary ischemia and has been correlated with worse outcome. There is also indication that the location of the catheter is important for correlation between plasma and brain glucose. In conclusion considering catheter location, monitoring of brain glucose in the neurointensive care not only provides information on imminent secondary ischemia it also reveals the effect of peripheral treatment on the injured brain.
Language oppression and resistance: the case of middle class latinos in the United States

Abstract The growth of the US latino population is a source of concern for many white Americans, who assert this means the death of the US way of life and the English language. This racialized rhetoric masks an attempt to maintain the pre-eminence of the language of the dominant group over latinos and thus helps whites to sustain their political-economic domination. Using interviews with seventy-two middle-class latinos in seven US states, we document five strategies employed by the whites in everyday interaction to discourage latinos’ heritage language use and resistance to such discrimination. Finally, we discuss ideological elements in US culture that hide the racism in these language struggles.
Early childhood bilingualism leads to advances in executive attention: Dissociating culture and language*

This study investigated whether early especially efficient utilization of executive functioning in young bilinguals would transcend potential cultural benefits. To dissociate potential cultural effects from bilingualism, four-year-old U.S. Korean–English bilingual children were compared to three monolingual groups – English and Korean monolinguals in the U.S.A. and another Korean monolingual group, in Korea. Overall, bilinguals were most accurate and fastest among all groups. The bilingual advantage was stronger than that of culture in the speed of attention processing, inverse processing efficiency independent of possible speed-accuracy trade-offs, and the network of executive control for conflict resolution. A culture advantage favoring Korean monolinguals from Korea was found in accuracy but at the cost of longer response times.
Exploring Middle School Students’ Understanding of Three Conceptual Models in Genetics

Genetics is the cornerstone of modern biology and a critical aspect of scientific literacy. Research has shown, however, that many high school graduates lack fundamental understandings in genetics necessary to make informed decisions about issues and emerging technologies in this domain, such as genetic screening, genetically modified foods, etc. Genetic literacy entails understanding three interrelated models: a genetic model that describes patterns of genetic inheritance, a meiotic model that describes the process by which genes are segregated into sex cells, and a molecular model that describes the mechanisms that link genotypes to phenotypes within an individual. Currently, much of genetics instruction, especially in terms of the molecular model, occurs at the high school level, and we know little about the ways in which middle school students can reason about these models. Furthermore, we do not know the extent to which carefully designed instruction can help younger students develop coherent and interrelated understandings in genetics. In this paper, we discuss a research study aimed at elucidating middle school students’ abilities to reason about the three genetic models. As part of our research, we designed an eight-week inquiry unit that was implemented in a combined sixth- to eighth-grade science classroom. We describe our instructional design and report results based on an analysis of written assessments, clinical interviews, and artifacts of the unit. Our findings suggest that middle school students are able to successfully reason about all three genetic models.
Okulların Akademik İyimserlik Düzeyi ile Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Bağlılığı Arasındaki İlişki

Akademik iyimserlik bir ogretmenin, ogrencilerin akademik performansinda degisiklik yapabilecegi konusundaki pozitif inanclaridir. Akademik iyimserlik oz yeterlik, guven ve akademik vurgu olmak uzere uc boyuttan olusmaktadir. Bu arastirmanin temel amaci okullarin akademik iyimserligi ile ogretmenlerin orgutsel bagliligi arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesidir. Arastirmanin alt amaclari ise; ogretmenlerin okullarinin akademik iyimserligine iliskin gorusleri ile orgutsel bagliliklarinin cinsiyet, brans, okul turu, kidem, okuldaki ogretmen sayisi ve okuldaki ogrenci sayisi degiskenlerine gore farklilasip farklilasmadiginin test edilmesidir. Bu amacla Malatya il merkezinde bulunan 32 resmi ilkogretim ve ortaogretim okulunda calisan 671 ogretmene Okul Akademik Iyimserlik Olcegi ile Ogretmenler Icin Orgutsel Baglilik Olcekleri uygulanmistir.Arastirma verilerinin analizinde; betimsel istatistiki hesaplamalar, t testi, Tek Yonlu Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), LSD testi, Kruskal Wallis H testi, Mann Whitney-U testi ve korelasyon analizleri kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ogretmenlerin, okullarinin akademik iyimserligine iliskin olcekte yer alan maddelere cogunlukla duzeyinde katildiklari, orgutsel bagliliklarinin ise orta duzeyde oldugu bulunmustur.Ogretmenlerin okullarinin akademik iyimserligine iliskin gorusleri ile orgutsel bagliliklarinda cinsiyet, brans, okul turu, kidem, ogretmen ve ogrenci sayilari degiskenleri acisindan anlamli farkliliklar bulunmustur.Diger yandan ogretmenlerin okullarinin akademik iyimserlik duzeyine iliskin gorusleri ile orgutsel bagliliklari arasinda pozitif yonde ve “orta” duzeyde bir korelasyon bulunmustur.
Overexpression of MMP-9 Contributes to Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer Cell Line LNCaP

Matrix metallaprotinase-9 (MMP-9) is zinc-containing proteinase whose expression and trafficking are frequently altered in cancer. MMP-9 in the plasma membrane and the secreted forms are thought to contribute to the invasive and metastatic properties of malignant tumors. We have manipulated the expression of MMP-9 in prostate tumor cell line LNCaP and measured their capacity to invade through a basement membrane matrix. Stable expression of human MMP-9 in a poorly metastatic LNCaP prostate cancer cell line produced a 2-3-fold increase in MMP-9 activity and a comparable increase in invasiveness. Transient transfection of LNCaP stable clone expressing MMP-9 with MMP-9 antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) produced 55–90% less MMP-9 than control cells and were proportionately less invasive. In contrast, manipulating MMP-9 levels had no effect on cell migration across an uncoated membrane. A standard MMP-9 inhibitor at a concentration ranging from 1–10 nM, caused a nearly quantitative inhibition of extracellular MMP-9 activity and had significant effect on basement membrane invasion. Collectively, these results confirm the role of MMP-9 in tissue remodeling associated with prostate tumor invasion.
Psychosocial determinants of ecstasy use in young people in the UK

Objectives. The present research aimed to examine the psychosocial determinants of ecstasy use in young people in the UK. Design. Two studies applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to understanding ecstasy use. In Study 1, students completed questionnaires measuring components of the TPB. In Study 2, a random sample of members of a nightclub completed measures of attitudinal ambivalence and components of the TPB in relation to taking ecstasy in the next two months. Reported use of ecstasy was assessed two months later. Methods. Both studies employed self-completion questionnaires. In Study 1 a single questionnaire was completed by 186 students. In Study 2 a first questionnaire was completed by 203 members of a nightclub and a second questionnaire two months later by 123 respondents. Results. In Study 1, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control accounted for 50 per cent of the variance in intentions. In Study 2, TPB components explained 63 per cent of the variance in intentions. Intentions and perceived control explained 55 per cent of the variance in subsequent ecstasy use. Attitudinal ambivalence moderated the intention-behaviour relationship such that the impact of intentions on subsequent behaviour was significantly stronger for individuals with lower levels of ambivalence. Conclusions. The TPB provided a good basis for understanding intentions and actual use of ecstasy in young people in the UK. The different beliefs of users and non-users may form a useful basis for health education.